bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which cava anastomotic techniques are optimal regarding immediate and short‐term outcomes after liver transplantation: A systematic review of the literature and expert panel recommendations
Authors: Shaker Tamer M. , Eason James D. , Davidson Brian R. , Barth Rolf N. , Pirenne Jacques , Imventarza Oscar , Spiro Michael , Raptis Dimitri Aristotle , Fung John ,   the ERS4OLT.org Working Group
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt has long been debated whether cava anastomosis should be performed with the piggyback technique or cava replacement, with or without veno‐venous bypass (VVB), with or without temporary portocaval shunt (PCS) in the setting of liver transplantation.ObjectivesTo identify whether different cava anastomotic techniques and other maneuvers benefit the recipient regarding short‐term outcomes and to provide international expert panel recommendations.Data sourcesOvid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central.MethodsA systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and recommendations using the GRADE approach derived from an international expert panel (CRD42021240979).ResultsOf 3205 records screened, 307 publications underwent full‐text assessment for eligibility and 47 were included in qualitative synthesis. Four studies were randomized control trials. Eighteen studies were comparative. The remaining 25 were single‐center retrospective noncomparative studies.ConclusionBased on existing data and expert opinion, the panel cannot recommend one cava reconstruction technique over another, rather the surgical approach should be based on surgeon preference and center dependent, with special consideration toward patient circumstances (Quality of evidence: Low | Grade of Recommendation: Strong). The panel recommends against routine use of vevo‐venous bypass (Quality of evidence: Very Low | Grade of Recommendation: Strong) and against the routine use of temporary porto‐caval shunt (Quality of evidence: Very Low | Grade of Recommendation: Strong).
Zonate leaf spot of Ailanthus altissima in Korea is caused by Boeremia exigua
Authors: Jung Bok‐Nam , Park Ji‐Hyun , Lee Chong‐Kyu , Shin Hyeon‐Dong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractZonate leaf spot of Ailanthus altissima presumed to be associated with an Ascochyta sp. has been observed in Korea where the species is naturalized. Using microscopic examinations of 22 specimens, deposited in the Korea University herbarium since 1989, and molecular phylogenetic analyses of three monoconidial isolates, we identified the isolates as Boeremia exigua. Pathogenicity of the fungus was confirmed by fulfilling Koch's postulates. These results indicated that the previous records of Ascochyta ailanthi and Ascochyta sp. on A. altissima should be re‐evaluated to confirm the identity of the species.
Taking non‐conceptualism back to Dharmakīrti
Authors: Chaturvedi Amit 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSome recent surveys of the modern philosophical debate over the existence of non‐conceptual perceptual content have concluded that the distinction between conceptual and non‐conceptual representations is largely terminological. To remedy this terminological impasse, Robert Hanna and Monima Chadha claim that non‐conceptualists must defend an essentialist view of non‐conceptual content, according to which perceptual states have representational content whose structure and psychological function are necessarily distinct from that of conceptual states. Hanna and Chadha additionally suggest that non‐conceptualists should go “back to Kant” to find the most defensible version of an essentialist content non‐conceptualism. I propose instead that non‐conceptualists go back even further to the seventh‐century Indian Buddhist philosopher Dharmakīrti, so that they may not only find historical precedent for an essentialist content view, but also some better arguments in its favor. This essay reconstructs Dharmakīrti's essentialist non‐conceptualism about the contents of conscious sensory representations and the refined theory of conceptualization that it presupposes. In particular, I examine his arguments from the proprietary phenomenology of sensory experience, the cognitive encapsulation of sensory processing, as well as the iconic format of sensory representations, and assess the strength of these arguments relative to their modern counterparts.
Kin selection theory and the design of cooperative crops
Authors: Biernaskie Jay M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn agriculture and plant breeding, plant traits may be favoured because they benefit neighbouring plants and ultimately increase total crop yield. This idea of promoting cooperation among crop plants has existed almost as long as W.D. Hamilton's inclusive fitness (kin selection) theory, the leading framework for explaining cooperation in biology. However, kin selection thinking has not been adequately applied to the idea of cooperative crops. Here, I give an overview of modern kin selection theory and consider how it explains three key strategies for designing cooperative crops: (1) selection for a less‐competitive plant type (a ‘communal ideotype’); (2) group‐level selection for yield; and (3) exploiting naturally selected cooperation. The first two strategies, using artificial selection, have been successful in the past but suffer from limitations that could hinder future progress. Instead, I propose an alternative strategy and a new ‘colonial ideotype’ that exploits past natural selection for cooperation among the modules (e.g., branches or stems) of individual plants. More generally, I suggest that Hamiltonian agriculture—a kin selection view of agriculture and plant breeding—transforms our understanding of how to improve crops of the future.
Dynamics of reduced genetic diversity in increasingly fragmented populations of Florida scrub jays,Aphelocoma coerulescens
Authors: Nguyen Tram N. , Chen Nancy , Cosgrove Elissa J. , Bowman Reed , Fitzpatrick John W. , Clark Andrew G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the genomic consequences of population decline is important for predicting species' vulnerability to intensifying global change. Empirical information about genomic changes in populations in the early stages of decline, especially for those still experiencing immigration, remains scarce. We used 7834 autosomal SNPs and demographic data for 288 Florida scrub jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens; FSJ) sampled in 2000 and 2008 to compare levels of genetic diversity, inbreeding, relatedness, and lengths of runs of homozygosity (ROH) between two subpopulations within dispersal distance of one another but have experienced contrasting demographic trajectories. At Archbold Biological Station (ABS), the FSJ population has been stable because of consistent habitat protection and management, while at nearby Placid Lakes Estates (PLE), the population declined precipitously due to suburban development. By the onset of our sampling in 2000, birds in PLE were already less heterozygous, more inbred, and on average more related than birds in ABS. No significant changes occurred in heterozygosity or inbreeding across the 8‐year sampling interval, but average relatedness among individuals decreased in PLE, thus by 2008 average relatedness did not differ between sites. PLE harbored a similar proportion of short ROH but a greater proportion of long ROH than ABS, suggesting one continuous population of shared demographic history in the past, which is now experiencing more recent inbreeding. These results broadly uphold the predictions of simple population genetic models based on inferred effective population sizes and rates of immigration. Our study highlights how, in just a few generations, formerly continuous populations can diverge in heterozygosity and levels of inbreeding with severe local population decline despite ongoing gene flow.
Deepened snow loosens temporal coupling between plant and microbial N utilization and induces ecosystem N losses
Authors: Jia Zhou , Li Ping , Wu Yuntao , Chang Pengfei , Deng Meifeng , Liang Luyin , Yang Sen , Wang Chengzhang , Wang Bin , Yang Lu , Wang Xin , Wang Zhenhua , Peng Ziyang , Guo Lulu , Ahirwal Jitendra , Liu Weixing , Liu Lingli 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSeasonal differences in plant and microbial nitrogen (N) acquisition are believed to be a major mechanism that maximizes ecosystem N retention. There is also a concern that climate change may interrupt the delicate balance in N allocation between plants and microbes. Yet, convincing experimental evidence is still lacking. Using a 15N tracer, we assessed how deepened snow affects the temporal coupling between plant and microbial N utilization in a temperate Mongolian grassland. We found that microbial 15N recovery peaked in winter, accounting for 22% of the total ecosystem 15N recovery, and then rapidly declined during the spring thaw. By stimulating N loss via N2O emission and leaching, deepened snow reduced the total ecosystem 15N recovery by 42% during the spring thaw. As the growing season progresses, the 15N released from microbial biomass was taken up by plants, and the competitive advantage for N shifted from microbes to plants. Plant 15N recovery reached its peak in August, accounting for 17% of the total ecosystem 15N recovery. The Granger causality test showed that the temporal dynamics of plant 15N recovery can be predicted by microbial 15N recovery under ambient snow but not under deepened snow. In addition, plant 15N recovery in August was positively correlated with and best explained by microbial 15N recovery in March. The lower microbial 15N recovery under deepened snow in March reduced plant 15N recovery by 73% in August. Together, our results provide direct evidence of seasonal differences in plant and microbial N utilization that are conducive to ecosystem N retention; however, deepened snow disrupted the temporal coupling between plant–microbial N use and turnover. These findings suggest that changes in snowfall patterns may significantly alter ecosystem N cycling and N‐based greenhouse gas emissions under future climate change. We highlight the importance of better representing winter processes and their response to winter climate change in biogeochemical models when assessing N cycling under global change.
Fencing farm dams to exclude livestock halves methane emissions and improves water quality
Authors: Malerba Martino E. , Lindenmayer David B. , Scheele Ben C. , Waryszak Pawel , Yilmaz I. Noyan , Schuster Lukas , Macreadie Peter I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAgricultural practices have created tens of millions of small artificial water bodies (“farm dams” or “agricultural ponds”) to provide water for domestic livestock worldwide. Among freshwater ecosystems, farm dams have some of the highest greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per m2 due to fertilizer and manure run‐off boosting methane production—an extremely potent GHG. However, management strategies to mitigate the substantial emissions from millions of farm dams remain unexplored. We tested the hypothesis that installing fences to exclude livestock could reduce nutrients, improve water quality, and lower aquatic GHG emissions. We established a large‐scale experiment spanning 400 km across south‐eastern Australia where we compared unfenced (N = 33) and fenced farm dams (N = 31) within 17 livestock farms. Fenced farm dams recorded 32% less dissolved nitrogen, 39% less dissolved phosphorus, 22% more dissolved oxygen, and produced 56% less diffusive methane emissions than unfenced dams. We found no effect of farm dam management on diffusive carbon dioxide emissions and on the organic carbon in the soil. Dissolved oxygen was the most important variable explaining changes in carbon fluxes across dams, whereby doubling dissolved oxygen from 5 to 10 mg L−1 led to a 74% decrease in methane fluxes, a 124% decrease in carbon dioxide fluxes, and a 96% decrease in CO2‐eq (CH4 + CO2) fluxes. Dams with very high dissolved oxygen (>10 mg L−1) showed a switch from positive to negative CO2‐eq. (CO2 + CH4) fluxes (i.e., negative radiative balance), indicating a positive contribution to reduce atmospheric warming. Our results demonstrate that simple management actions can dramatically improve water quality and decrease methane emissions while contributing to more productive and sustainable farming.
Reduced ‘fates of the body’ and ‘production of value for others’ in the global garment industry: Thinking with Berlant on eating and hunger during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Brickell Katherine , Lawreniuk Sabina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, suspended and laid off garment workers struggled on severely reduced incomes to meet the cost of food for themselves and their families. It is in this context of ‘double crisis’ that our commentary focuses on the diminished eating and reduced bodily fates of garment workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We argue that thinking with Berlant encourages and supports scholars to contemplate and articulate how the ‘production of value for others’ can reduce the ‘fates of the body’ of those living and labouring at the sharp end of the capitalist system.
Impact of trainee experience on shave biopsy specimen size
Authors: Dougher Meaghan C. , Butt Melissa , Helm Klaus F. , Helm Matthew F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundSkin biopsies are crucial for the diagnosis of many cutaneous pathologies, yet specimen adequacy is essential for definitive diagnosis. Recent literature has noted a trend in decreasing biopsy size over time, which has created concern over implications regarding adequacy for diagnosis.MethodsThis study sought to evaluate if clinician training length or type of residency training impacted the average biopsy size and sample adequacy. Dermatopathology reports for shave biopsies between January 1, 2021, and June 30, 2021, at Penn State Health were queried through PathNet, the software application for pathology reports in this health system's electronic medical record system. Biopsy dimensions, volume, diagnosis, location, clinician training level, and descriptions of evaluation of deeper sections (recuts) and superficial sampling were recorded for each biopsy. Basic statistical calculations were performed to assess the mean and standard deviation for biopsy sizes per clinician group.ResultsDifferences in biopsy size between training levels were statistically significant despite qualitatively similar biopsy locations and final diagnosis categories for each clinician training group. After evaluating measures for sample adequacy, our data showed significantly smaller biopsies; however, overall frequencies were minimal. Additionally, more inadequate specimens were noted for clinician groups with the least amount of dermatology experience.ConclusionsThe results of this study identify a correlation with decreasing biopsy size amidst increased experience in dermatology training but find no evidence to support that this trend currently threatens sample adequacy.
Can managers be trained to further support their employees' basic needs and work engagement: A manager training program study
Authors: Jungert Tomas , Gradito Dubord Marc‐Antoine , Högberg Michael , Forest Jacques 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe present paper describes a quasi‐experimental research presenting a workplace training program aimed at helping managers to be more supportive of their employees' autonomy. Drawing on self‐determination theory, we built a pre/post questionnaire design measuring perceived autonomy support, need satisfaction, need frustration, autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, work engagement and job burnout. Seven managers were trained according to the autonomy support training program. We assessed 39 of their employees before and after the intervention. Moreover, 133 employees whose managers were not included in the training program constituted the control group. Regarding the experimental group, the results showed significant statistical differences regarding perceived autonomy support from managers, autonomous motivation, need satisfaction, work engagement and job burnout. No significant effects regarding perceived autonomy support from coworkers controlled motivation, or need frustration were observed. This study provides added value to the theory of need satisfaction and demonstrates that training managers to be need‐supportive may be effective in improving positive work‐related outcomes and reducing negative outcomes.
‘It's good to have the knowledge and the confidence’: Mental health student nurses' views of a medication workshop
Authors: Goodwin John , White Sheila , O’Malley Maria , Hurley Emma , O’Donovan Aine , Kelly Peter 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTThe administration of medication in a safe manner is a key nursing role and nursing regulatory bodies mandate that it is part of undergraduate training. However, it has been noted that qualified nursing staff are dissatisfied with the knowledge demonstrated by students. As such, a 2‐day evidence‐based workshop on medication management for final‐year nursing students was facilitated to address knowledge deficits. Content was delivered by academics and practicing nurses. The aims of this study were to evaluate internship mental health student nurses' experiences of a 2‐day medication management workshop. A qualitative descriptive design was adopted. Three focus group interviews were held with student nurses who partook in the workshop. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Three themes were identified: Developing Confidence around Medication Management, Reflections on Learning Gained from the Workshop, and Enhancing Awareness and Vigilance of Medication Errors. Overall, participation in the workshop was identified as having a positive impact on students' knowledge, competence, and confidence in relation to becoming a safe practitioner. Students reported that the timing of the workshop – during internship – was appropriate for their knowledge needs. Findings indicate that the right amount of information was delivered by the right people, at the right time, in the right way. This study has highlighted the positive impact of a 2‐day workshop delivered in the final year of mental health student nurse training, on their confidence and competence in the area of medication management. It provides some insight into how a practical collaborative approach to this type of education between academics and clinicians can help students bridge the theory–practice gap.
Immobilization of radiotoxic elements with Y‐stabilized zirconia: The thorium case
Authors: Svitlyk Volodymyr , Weiss Stephan , Hennig Christoph 
Published: May 2022

AbstractY‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) phases were found to incorporate Th atoms, and the corresponding solubility ranges depend on the relative Y content. For the tetragonal phases with a lower Y concentration of 14 at.%, a maximal possible Th intake on the Zr/Y metal site reached ca. 10.3 at.%. Cubic phases with higher Y content could dissolve 11 at.% Th in an equilibrium state and up to ca. 12.3 at.% Th under nonequilibrium conditions. Larger Th–Zr/Y solubility range for phases with higher Y concentration was found to be related to the associated symmetry increase, as concluded from synchrotron radiation powder diffraction data. Specifically, the introduction of Th into tetragonal YSZ induces evolution toward higher cubic symmetry via flattening of the Zr/YO8 polyhedra. In addition, a tetragonal YSZ crystal lattice exhibits strongly anisotropic expansion with a concomitant decrease in tetragonality upon the intake of Th. This results in an easier accommodation of bigger Th atoms via a structural stabilization of longer Zr/Y–O bonding distances which yields more symmetrical coordination of central Zr/Y metal ions by surrounding O atoms. Cubic symmetry is, therefore, more favorable to the incorporation of large tetravalent actinide elements.
A possible new activator of PI3K‐Huayu Qutan Recipe alleviates mitochondrial apoptosis in obesity rats with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Tai He , Tong Yu‐jing , Yu Rui , Yu You , Yao Si‐cheng , Li Ling‐bing , Liu Ye , Cui Xiao‐zheng , Kuang Jin‐song , Meng Xian‐sheng , Jiang Xiao‐lin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObesity, which has unknown pathogenesis, can increase the frequency and seriousness of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study evaluated effect of Huayu Qutan Recipe (HQR) pretreatment on myocardial apoptosis induced by AMI by regulating mitochondrial function via PI3K/Akt/Bad pathway in rats with obesity. For in vivo experiments, 60 male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: sham group, AMI group, AMI (obese) group, 4.5, 9.0 and 18.0 g/kg/d HQR groups. The models fed on HQR with different concentrations for 2 weeks before AMI. For in vitro experiments, the cardiomyocytes line (H9c2) was used. Cells were pretreated with palmitic acid (PA) for 24 h, then to build hypoxia model followed by HQR‐containing serum for 24 h. Related indicators were also detected. In vivo, HQR can lessen pathohistological damage and apoptosis after AMI. In addition, HQR improves blood fat levels, cardiac function, inflammatory factor, the balance of oxidation and antioxidation, as well as lessen infarction in rats with obesity after AMI. Meanwhile, HQR can diminish myocardial cell death by improving mitochondrial function via PI3K/Akt/Bad pathway activation. In vitro, HQR inhibited H9c2 cells apoptosis, improved mitochondrial function and activated the PI3K/Akt/Bad pathway, but effects can be peripeteiad by LY294002. Myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction occurs following AMI and can lead to myocardial apoptosis, which can be aggravated by obesity. HQR can relieve myocardial apoptosis by improving mitochondrial function via the PI3K/Akt/Bad pathway in rats with obesity.
Firm responsiveness to consumers' reviews: The effect on online reputation
Authors: Rezvani Erfan , Rojas Christian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates whether firms' responsiveness to customer reviews affects firms' online reputation. Responsiveness is measured by the intensity (fraction) of reviews that are responded to whereas online reputation is measured using TripAdvisor's average customer review rating (1–5 scale). Our analysis is applied to the hotel market in Manhattan (New York). To deal with the endogeneity of a hotel's responsiveness, we instrument it with the responsiveness level displayed by nearby competitors. This identification strategy is motivated by the fact that hotels have a greater tendency to respond to reviews not only because a particular review demands attention, but also because they seek to comply (catch up) with their competitors' level of responsiveness. The results show that one standard deviation increase in a hotel's responsiveness level would result in an improvement of 0.055 stars in TripAdvisor's average online rating (equivalently, an increase of 0.09 SD). Importantly, not accounting for endogeneity would lead to an erroneous conclusion that such effect is nonexistent. In addition, our results show that the effect is heterogeneous. Specifically, the effect is particularly strong for: (a) hotels responding more intensely to negative reviews, (b) independent hotels (vis‐à‐vis chain hotels), (c) hotels with a less established online reputation, (d) hotels with more volatile online ratings, and (e) hotels with more experience responding to negative reviews. We discuss the possible mechanism between firms' responsiveness and online reputation.