bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health Promotion and Weight Management for Obesity
Authors: Lillis Jason , Lee-Baggley Dayna 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Obesity is prevalent and carries substantial individual and societal-level consequences, including increased mortality and high health care costs. Obesity is best viewed as a chronic disease that requires both individual and system-level interventions that take into account a multitude of contributing factors. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) principles and strategies can play a role in the treatment of individuals with obesity primarily by addressing barriers to healthy behavior change by teaching values, acceptance, defusion, and mindfulness skills. Interventions incorporating these ACT methods have shown improved obesity management outcomes relative to current gold standard behavioral treatments, and ACT can be considered evidence for use in this area. However, behavioral treatments in general are limited in terms of reach and effectiveness, and system- and environmental-level interventions will be required to meaningfully address obesity worldwide. Future research on ACT and other contextual therapeutic approaches should focus on addressing these system-level factors in order to support already well-developed individual-level interventions.
The Role of Workers in AI Ethics and Governance
Authors: Nedzhvetskaya Nataliya , Tan J. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
While the role of states, corporations, and international organizations in AI governance has been extensively theorized, the role of workers has received comparatively little attention. This chapter looks at the role that workers play in identifying and mitigating harms from AI technologies. Harms are the causally assessed “impacts” of technologies. They arise despite technical reliability and are not a result of technical negligence but rather of normative uncertainty around questions of safety and fairness in complex social systems. There is high consensus in the AI ethics community on the benefits of reducing harms but less consensus on mechanisms for determining or addressing harms. This lack of consensus has led to numerous collective actions by workers protesting how harms are identified and addressed in their workplace. This chapter theorizes the role of workers within AI governance and constructs a model of harm reporting processes in AI workplaces. The harm reporting process involves three steps: identification, the governance decision, and the response. Workers draw upon three types of claims to argue for jurisdiction over questions of AI governance: subjection, control over the product of one’s labor, and proximate knowledge of systems. Examining the past decade of AI-related worker activism allows us to understand how different types of workers are positioned within a workplace that produces AI systems, how their position informs their claims, and the place of collective action in staking their claims. This chapter argues that workers occupy a unique role in identifying and mitigating harms caused by AI systems.
Governing Privacy
Authors: Veliz Carissa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the nature of privacy and the right to privacy, their value, and ways to protect them. According to the hybrid account of privacy offered, privacy amounts to being personally unaccessed, and enjoying the right to privacy amounts to not losing (negative) control involuntarily over one’s personal information or sensorial space. The hybrid account captures the advantages of both access and control-based accounts of privacy. The chapter goes on to investigate the value of privacy. I argue that privacy is important because it shields citizens from harms that arise from exposure to others; it especially protects people from abuses of power. Privacy, I argue, is not only important for individuals, but also for society, and for liberal democracy in particular. Privacy is as collective as it is personal. Finally, I propose three effective measures to minimize losses of privacy and violations of the right to privacy in the digital age: data minimization, storage limitation, and banning the trade in personal data. The chapter ends by exploring the limits of consent in the context of AI and big data.
The Quality of Working Life
Authors: Guest David 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The chapter addresses the nature, evolution and impact of the concept of quality of working life and the role of work design as a key component. It covers the period from the initial work of pioneers at the Tavistock Institute of Human Relations to recent attempts to reinvigorate quality of working life research. The ebb and flow of pressures to advance the quality of working life are considered, along with the roles of the various stakeholders, ranging from governments to employees and their representatives. The specific challenges of applying work redesign as a major means of improving the quality of working life are assessed, with some consideration of significant successes and failures. It is argued that while there have been improvements in the overall quality of working life in advanced economies, often aided by legislation, progress in improving the design of work has been more fragmented and unequally spread across the workforce.
Job Quality
Authors: Warhurst Chris , Wright Sally , Mathieu Chris 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter outlines the parameters and range of concepts that can be attributed to current understanding of job quality. At its heart is a deceptively simple question: what is job quality? This chapter focuses on the parameters and concepts for understanding the variety of approaches to the study of the quality of jobs by outlining a ‘family of concepts’ related to the quality of jobs. The chapter starts by outlining four parameters for analysing the purpose and content of the family of concepts: analytic versus programmatic; subjective versus objective; intrinsic versus extrinsic; and advantageous for whom? It then outlines the seven more commonly used concepts in the family, including decent work, fair work, quality of working life and meaningful work highlighting their scope, content and origin, before turning to job quality itself. The section on job quality highlights core dimensions of job quality based on existing research and which might provide the basis of a future research consensus to the study of the quality of jobs.
Working with enactments in CAT
Authors: Bennett Dawn , Parry Glenys , Fawkes Liz 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Enactments of problematic reciprocal roles between the therapist and client are expected and commonly experienced during therapy. The concept of enactments is explained and linked to threats to, or ruptures in, the therapeutic alliance. In cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) these enactments are predicted by the reformulation and seen as therapeutic opportunities. Research on how therapists successfully resolve such enactments is described, leading to a model of enactment resolution that has been used both by trainees and more experienced therapists in improving their practice.
Attending to later life
Authors: Catlin Paul , Khan Ellen , Hamill Michelle 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Later life can be a time when coping strategies are challenged by losses and transitions that can resonate with earlier experiences of trauma, distress, and vulnerability. Using case vignettes this chapter illustrates the reparative possibilities of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT), both within the therapy room and beyond, when attending to the legacy of complex trauma in later life and the re-emergence of early trauma when caring for a relative with dementia. By offering a lifespan model of socially and culturally mediated development, CAT views a person as a ‘work in progress’, a culmination of experiences and relationships that have resulted in the person in the here and now, with the hopeful possibility that, regardless of age, change is possible.
Group CAT
Authors: Brummer Laura , Delisser Cheryl 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A therapy group is an ideal setting to help someone explore, understand, notice, and attempt to challenge what was learnt within their original social group (their family). Groups offer multifaceted opportunities to challenge unhelpful ways of relating in the here and now with the cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) tools and ways of working, enhancing the possibility of accelerating the change process. Within this chapter we draw on the published and unpublished knowledge from the CAT community to bring together an understanding of the therapeutic nature of CAT groups, before turning to guidance on setting up and running CAT groups.
Benefits and Hurdles of Pancreatic β-Cell Replacement
Authors: Bolla Andrea Mario , Montefusco Laura , Pastore Ida , Lunati Maria Elena , Ben Nasr Moufida , Fiorina Paolo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Insulin represents a life-saving treatment in patients with type 1 diabetes, and technological advancements have improved glucose control in an increasing number of patients. Despite this, adequate control is often still difficult to achieve and insulin remains a therapy and not a cure for the disease. β-cell replacement strategies can potentially restore pancreas endocrine function and aim to maintain normoglycemia; both pancreas and islet transplantation have greatly progressed over the last decades and, in subjects with extreme glycemic variability and diabetes complications, represent a concrete and effective treatment option. Some issues still limit the adoption of this approach on a larger scale. One is represented by the strict selection criteria for the recipient who can benefit from a transplant and maintain the lifelong immunosuppression necessary to avoid organ rejection. Second, with regard to islet transplantation, up to 40% of islets can be lost during hepatic engraftment. Recent studies showed very preliminarily but promising results to overcome these hurdles: the ability to induce β-cell maturation from stem cells may represent a solution to the organ shortage, and the creation of semi-permeable membranes that envelope or package cells in either micro- or macro- encapsulation strategies, together with engineering cells to be hypo-immunogenic, pave the way for developing strategies without immunosuppression. The aim of this review is to describe the state of the art in β-cell replacement with a focus on its efficacy and clinical benefits, on the actual limitations and still unmet needs, and on the latest findings and future directions.
Identification and Re-consent of Existing Cord Blood Donors for Creation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines for Potential Clinical Applications
Authors: Abberton Keren M , McDonald Tricia L , Diviney Mary , Holdsworth Rhonda , Leslie Stephen , Delatycki Martin B , Liu Lin , Klamer Guy , Johnson Phillip , Elwood Ngaire J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We aim to create a bank of clinical grade cord blood-derived induced pluripotent stem cell lines in order to facilitate clinical research leading to the development of new cellular therapies. Here we present a clear pathway toward the creation of such a resource, within a strong quality framework, and with the appropriate regulatory, government and ethics approvals, along with a dynamic follow-up and re-consent process of cord blood donors from the public BMDI Cord Blood Bank. Interrogation of the cord blood bank inventory and next generation sequencing was used to identify and confirm 18 donors with suitable HLA homozygous haplotypes. Regulatory challenges that may affect global acceptance of the cell lines, along with the quality standards required to operate as part of a global network, are being met by working in collaboration with bodies such as the International Stem Cell Banking Initiative (ISCBI) and the Global Alliance for iPSC Therapies (GAiT). Ethics approval was granted by an Institutional Human Research Ethics Committee, and government approval has been obtained to use banked cord blood for this purpose. New issues of whole-genome sequencing and the relevant donor safeguards and protections were considered with input from clinical genetics services, including the rights and information flow to donors, and commercialization aspects. The success of these processes has confirmed feasibility and utility of using banked cord blood to produce clinical-grade iPSC lines for potential cellular therapies.
MitoQ alleviates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice through regulating JNK/YAP pathway
Authors: Shan Shulin , Liu Zhaoxiong , Liu Zhidan , Zhang Cuiqin , Song Fuyong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Liver fibrosis is a pathological wound-healing response caused by chronic liver damage. Mitochondria regulate hepatic energy metabolism and oxidative stress. Accumulating evidence has revealed that increased mitochondrial oxidative stress contributes to the activation of fibrogenesis. However, the roles and underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial oxidative stress in liver fibrosis remain unknown.

Methods and results
In this study, C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a model of liver fibrosis via oral gavage with CCl4 treatment for 8 weeks. Furthermore, intervention experiments were achieved by CCl4 combined with the intraperitoneal injection of mitoquinone mesylate (mitoQ). We demonstrated that the chronic CCl4 exposure resulted in severe hepatic fibrogenesis and significantly promoted the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial abnormalities. Besides, JNK/YAP pathway was also activated. By contrast, the administration of mitoQ markedly inhibited the expression of pro-fibrogenic transforming growth factor-β as well as type I collagen. The antifibrotic effects of mitoQ were also confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Sirius red staining. Moreover, mitoQ substantially reduced CCl4-induced mitochondrial damage and the release of ROS. Further studies suggested that this protection against liver fibrosis was mechanistically related to the inhibition of phosphorylation of JNK and the nuclear translocation of YAP.

Conclusion
In conclusion, these findings revealed that mitoQ attenuated liver fibrosis by inhibiting ROS production and the JNK/YAP signaling pathway. Selective targeting JNK/YAP may serve as a therapeutic strategy for retarding progression of chronic liver disease.
Crossover in Adjuvant Trastuzumab Trials
Authors: Tuia Jordan E. , Olivier Timothée , Prasad Vinay K. 
Published: September 2022

Objectives:
Design and reporting of randomized control trials for drug therapies in the adjuvant setting require a nuanced consideration of patient crossover. Adjuvant trials can be susceptible to the misuse of crossover and may distort the interpretation of findings. We sought to investigate and describe crossover and/or postprogression access to trastuzumab within adjuvant trastuzumab randomized control trials for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive breast cancer patients.

Methods:
Seven clinical trials for adjuvant trastuzumab in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive breast cancer were identified through a meta-analysis published in the Lancet. Primary study publications were located through MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and trials were identified, when possible, using Clincialtrials.gov.

Results:
Sixteen publications, describing 7 studies, were reviewed. Four (57%) trials reported offering patients within the control arm the opportunity to crossover and receive trastuzumab in the adjuvant setting. Two (29%) trials did not report nor discuss crossover within the publication. Five (71%) trials reported the total number of patients who crossed over among the control arms. No trials specified the proportion of control patients who received trastuzumab at recurrence.

Conclusions:
Trials for adjuvant trastuzumab did not disambiguate between crossover (1) in the adjuvant setting or (2) at recurrence. Due to the low reported rate of crossover, it is questionable if participants received the standard of care.
Initial Experience With Two Active Transcutaneous Bone-Anchored Hearing Implants
Authors: Schwam Zachary G. , Perez Enrique R. , Oh Samuel , Wong Kevin , Fan Caleb , Cosetti Maura K. , Wanna George B. 
Published: September 2022

Objective
To analyze our institutional experience with two active transcutaneous bone-anchored hearing aids.

Study Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting
Tertiary academic otology-neurotology practice.

Patients
Patients with conductive or mixed hearing losses meeting criteria to receive active transcutaneous bone-anchored hearing aids.

Interventions
Implantation with one of two active transcutaneous bone-anchored hearing aids.

Outcome Measures
Operative time, dural exposure and decompression, use of lifts, implant position, ease of use, qualitative patient satisfaction, complication rates.

Results
Ten patients received Implant 1 and 11 patients received Implant 2. The most common underlying etiologies of hearing loss were chronic suppurative otitis media in 33.3%, atresia/microtia in 23.8%, and cholesteatoma in 23.8%. Average operative times were 99.3 minutes for Implant 1 and 80.9 minutes for Implant 2 (p = 0.263). Implant 1 required lifts in 60%, dural exposure in 50%, and dural compression in 30%. Overall, placement was difficult in 47.6% of cases. There were no intraoperative complications. There were higher rates of issues with sound quality (27.3% versus 0.0%, p = 0.123) and poor cosmesis (36.4% versus 10.0%, p = 0.360) with Implant 2. Functional gain was not recorded, but all patients derived qualitative benefit from their implant. Three patients had local wound complications that self-resolved or were treated with antibiotics. One patient implanted at an outside institution required explant because of multiple infections.

Conclusions
There were no statistically significant differences in outcomes comparing Implants 1 and 2; however, Implant 2 had much higher rates of issues with audio quality and poor cosmesis. Placing Implant 1 often required special techniques.
Dilemma in approach to stroke in sickle cell disease patient: A case report
Authors: Okar Lina , Ali Alzoubi Hadeel , Shukur Mahmud Safa , Elyas Ahmed , Yassin Mohamed A. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Cerebrovascular accidents in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients carry a high socioeconomic impact and represent the most important cause of morbidity, neurological deficits, and impaired quality of life in SCD young population.
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is prevalent in 25% of the general population and it is associated with ischemic stroke in the young population via paradoxical embolism, yet there are no specific guidelines to address how to manage SCD patients with PFO who suffer a stroke.

Patient concerns and diagnosis:
Here we present a young SCD patient, aged 24 years, who suffered a stroke in childhood and later was discovered to have a PFO on subsequent echocardiography. The patient has been receiving blood transfusion therapy since 3 years of age.

Interventions and outcomes:
No treatment was administered to the patient.
The intervention that was done was echocardiography with a bubble study to detect PFO.

Conclusion:
Recommendations need to be put in place regarding screening for PFO in patients with SCD, in addition to highlighting issues of whether screening needs to be done in patients who have not developed stroke, and if PFO were to be found, what would be the best management approach and how will prognosis be affected.
Clinical features and mortality of COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU according to SOFA score
Authors: Gómez-Romero Francisco Javier , Muñoz-Rodríguez José Ramón , Serrano-Oviedo Leticia , García-Jabalera Inmaculada , López-Juárez Pilar , Pérez-Ortiz José Manuel , Redondo-Calvo Francisco Javier ,   the COVID-19 SESCAM Network
Published: September 2022

The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) could function as an effective risk stratification tool in the admission of critically ill patients with COVID-19 and would allow stratification based on a risk assessment. We aimed to examine whether the SOFA score is useful to define 2 severity profiles in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU: mild with SOFA < 5, and severe with SOFA ≥ 5.
A retrospective cohort, multicenter study was conducted from February 11 to May 11, 2020. We analyzed patients admitted to all ICUs of the 14 public hospitals of the Castilla-La Mancha Health Service at the beginning of the pandemic and with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients were divided in 2 groups according to the level of severity by SOFA at admission to the ICU. Cox regression was used to evaluate factors associated with survival and Kaplan-Meier test to examine survival probability.
In total, 405 patients with a complete SOFA panel were recruited in the 14 participating ICUs. SOFA <5 group showed that age above 60 years and D-dimer above 1000 ng/mL were risk factors associated with lower survival. In SOFA ≥ 5 it was found that high blood pressure was a risk factor associated with shorter survival. Kaplan-Meier showed lower survival in SOFA ≥ 5 in combination with high blood pressure, time since viral symptom onset to admission in ICU < 7 days, D-dimer ≥1000 ng/mL and respiratory pathology. However, SOFA < 5 showed only higher age (≥60 years) associated with lower survival.
Age over 60 years and D-dimer over 1000 ng/mL were risk factors reflecting lower survival in patients with SOFA < 5. Moreover, SOFA ≥ 5 patients within a week after COVID-19 onset and comorbidities such as high blood pressure and previous respiratory pathology showed lower survival.
Plasma presepsin level predicts acute kidney injury in patients with sepsis in the emergency department
Authors: Kim Sin Young , Hong Dae Young , Lee Kyeong Ryong , Paik Jin Hui , Jung Hyun Min 
Published: September 2022

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in patients with sepsis. We evaluated the potential prognostic value of plasma presepsin to predict AKI in patients with sepsis in the emergency department. A total of 193 patients diagnosed with sepsis based on the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3) were included in this observational study. AKI was defined according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes clinical practice guideline. Plasma presepsin levels were measured on admission to the emergency department. We compared plasma presepsin levels between patients who did and those who did not develop AKI.
AKI occurred in 100 (51.8%) patients. The median plasma presepsin level was significantly higher in patients with AKI than in those without AKI (1061 pg/mL vs 495 pg/mL, P <.001). Plasma presepsin levels were significantly increased in patients with AKI stage 3 compared with those with AKI stages 1 and 2 (P =.001). The area under the curve of presepsin for predicting AKI was 0.793 (95% confidence interval: 0.729–0.848). The optimal presepsin cutoff value for predicting AKI was >572 pg/mL, with a sensitivity of 77.0% and specificity of 81.7%.
Plasma presepsin level is a valuable biomarker for the prediction of AKI in patients with sepsis in the emergency department.