bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Activity of Lemon Basil (Ocimum citriodorum) and Key Lime (Citrus aurantifolia S.) Extract Combination on Streptococcus mutants
Authors: Sari Retno Dwi , Junaidi Junaidi , Fitria Karin Tika 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Lots of plants that are used in Southeast Asian and Indonesian cuisine have antibacterial properties.

AIM: This study aimed to find out the effectiveness of lemon basil (Ocimum citriodorum) and key lime (Citrus aurantifolia S.) extract combination on Streptococcus mutants’ inhibition.

METHODS: Lemon Basil and Key Lime were extracted and combined with several following concentration, respectively, (30–70%, 40–60%, 50–50%, 60–40%, and 70–30%). S. mutants were cultured using Brain-heart Infusion Broth overnight. The inhibition range from the extract combination was measured and analyzed.

RESULTS: All combinations except 60–40 showed significant effectivity against S. mutants compared to control (p < 0.05). Post hoc tests revealed that only the combination Lemon Basil-Key Lime 30–70% that has a significantly wider inhibition range compared to L50%-K50% (p = 0.034), L60%-K40% (p = 0.007), and L70%–K30% (p = 0.023).

CONCLUSION: Combination extract of Lemon Basil and Key lime has effectivity against oral micro bacteria, especially S. mutants.
Logique institutionnelle du circuit court de distribution amapien et mutation de son modèle d’affaires
Authors: Aissaoui Sonia , Bueno Merino Pascale , Grandval Samuel 
Published: August 2022

De nombreuses entreprises de l’économie du partage mettent l’accent sur l’identité de leur communauté. Leur logique institutionnelle limite l’innovation dans leur modèle d’affaires (MA) car les normes rendent certaines combinaisons des composantes du MA illégitimes. Notre recherche vise à comprendre comment la logique institutionnelle du circuit court de distribution amapien se reflète sur son modèle d’affaires et détermine son évolution. Nous appuyant sur l’approche par les attributs spécifiques des modèles d’affaires, notre étude empirique est basée sur une méthodologie de nature qualitative. La recherche met en évidence une tension entre les thématiques saillantes du modèle d’affaires amapien : celles relatives à la logique institutionnelle (identité relationnelle, implication des membres dans la prise de décision, engagement dans un entrepreneuriat collectif) et celles relatives à la logique de marché (viabilité économique). En fonction des attributs spécifiques du MA constituant la priorité des adhérents de l’AMAP, l’évolution sera plus ou moins contrainte.
Comparative Evaluation of Enterococcus faecalis Counts on Different Tapers of Rotary System with Different Irrigating Solutions
Authors: Shariq Rahimath Shettybettu Hydros , Shetty Harish Kumar , Nair Prathap Mulakkal Sreekantan , D'Costa Vivian Flourish 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
The conservation of tooth structure and prevention of extrusion of obturating materials have been cited as primary advantages of minimal apical enlargements. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of different rotary file tapers and two irrigating solutions and a combination of two irrigating solutions on E. faecalis counts. In this study, 84 freshly extracted single rooted single canal human premolars were selected and enlarged to ISO #20 K-file.

Materials and Methods:
The samples were sterilized and inoculated with E. faecalis for 72 hours, divided into six experimental groups, and prepared with #30 nickel-titanium rotary files with 0.04 and 0.06 tapers. Group I was irrigated with 2 mL of 3% sodium hypochlorite, Group 2 was irrigated with 2 mL of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), and Group 3 was irrigated with 2 mL of a combination of 3% sodium hypochlorite, saline, and 2% CHX irrigation after each file. Cleaning efficacy was evaluated in terms of the reduction of colony forming units. Comparison of the E. faecalis among the groups at 0.04 taper was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test after establishing normality of variance using the Shapiro-Wilk test. A comparison of the E. faecalis between 0.04 and 0.06 taper within the group was performed using the Mann-Whitney test.

Results:
Group 1 (3% sodium hypochlorite) and Group 3 (3% sodium hypochlorite + saline + 2% chlorhexidine gluconate) showed no statistically significant difference between the subgroups (0.04 and 0.06 taper), whereas statistically significant difference with E. faecalis was seen with respect to Group 2 between 0.04 and 0.06 taper (2% chlorhexidine gluconate).

Conclusion:
The study proved the use of sodium hypochlorite, saline, and CHX in combination at both 0.04 taper and 0.06 taper gave better results with no significant change.
The effect of liquidity, leverage, capital intencity and profitability toward tax aggresiveness
Authors: Dewi Novitasari Siska , Eko Madyo Sutanto  , Faiz Rahman Siddiq  
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of liquidity, leverage, capital intensity, and profitability on tax agressiveness to mining sector companies. This type of research is quantitative research. The method of taking sample research using purposive sampling method. The writer analyze the data used classic assumption test and multiple linear regression analysis as a method on SPSS 21 program. The sample used in this study is 14 mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019, so that the overall sample is 68 which is ready to be processed. The result of the study show that liquidty variable and leverage is not affected on tax agressiveness, while the the capital intensity has a positive effect on tax agressiveness, and profitability has a negative effect on tax aggressiveness.
Neglected Non-Communicable Diseases-Looking beyond the BIG FOUR
Authors: Bhattacharya Sudip , Bera Om Prakash 
Published: August 2022

In the era of Sustainable Development Goal, we have gone to the next level for achieving SDGs by monitoring and evaluation of SDG indexes,(1) still we conceptualize that public health will face newer challenges in healthcare (SDG-3) in the form of Neglected Non-Communicable Diseases (NNCD) in the near future.(2) Poor nations are already facing the heat of double burden of communicable and non-communicable illnesses (NCDs), often known as chronic illnesses, which are characterized by a protracted course and are multifactorial in causation.(3) Cardiovascular disorders, Cancers, Chronic Respiratory Diseases, and Diabetes are considered as the most common NCDs entitled as BIG FOUR. NCDs disproportionately impact persons in poor countries, where almost three-quarters (31.4 million) of all NCD-related fatalities occur. (2,4–6) The "BIG FOUR" NCDs (cardiovascular diseases, malignancies, chronic respiratory illnesses, and diabetes) are well-recognized as the leading causes of global health loss, in terms of morbidity and mortality. However, 55 percent of the worldwide burden of NCDs is caused by other NCDs, which are often overlooked in terms of increased premature mortality, increased Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) and reduced Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY). The share of disease burden caused by “Cancer, COPD, Cardiovascular disease, and Diabetes-the BIG FOUR” is the greatest among all NCDs. However, many additional non-communicable diseases cause a comparable fraction of disease burden but receive less attention than the "BIG FOUR."(2,6)
Analisis Pendapatan Dan Kelayakan Usaha Tani Kacang Tanah Di Lahan Sawah Tadah Hujan Di Desa Masago Kecamatan Patimpeng Kabupaten Bone
Authors: FERAWATI ANDI , SYAM AKBAR 
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besar pendapatan dan kelayakan usahatani kacang tanah di Desa Masago Kecamatan Patimpeng Kabupaten Bone. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Teknik Purpossive sampling. Teknik Analisis data yang digunakan adalah Analisis pendapatan dan analisis kelayakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Rata-rata pendapatan responden dalam usahatani kacang tanah diperoleh sebesar Rp 967.893,333/bulan. Tingkat kelayakan usahatani kacang tanah berdasarkan analisis R/C Ratio diperoleh sebesar Rp. 3,38. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kriteria nilai R/C Rationya, lebih dari satu berarti suatu usahatani menguntungkan atau layak. Nilai tersebut memberikan arti bahwa setiap pengeluaran sebesar Rp. 1 akan memberikan penerimaan sebesar Rp. 3,38.
Sistem Pengendalian Internal Dalam Mitigasi Fraud Orderan Transportasi Berbasis Online Pada PT.Gojek Makassar
Authors: Yasmi Yasmi , Cahyadi Muhammad , Aulia A.Boby Rista 
Published: August 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) mengetahui bentuk fraud driver Gojek Makassar. (2) mengetahui bentuk sistem pengendalian internal Gojek Makassar dalam mitigasi fraud orderan pada PT.Gojek Makassar. Penilitian ini digolongkan sebagai jenis penelitian kualitatif karena penelitian kualitatif adalah riset yang bersifat deskriptif dan cenderung menggunakan analisis dengan pendekatan deduktif. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada PT.Gojek Makassar yang berlokasi di Jl. Sultan Alauddin (Sulawesi Selatan). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara dan dukungan data primer lainnya
Dalam menganalisa fenomena ini, peneliti menggunakan teori untuk menyesuaikan theory fraud triangle dan Stewardship theory sehingga sistem pengendalian internal yang lemah dan manajemen pengawasan yang kurang memadai harus mampu untuk antisipasi sehingga tidak ada lagi kecurangan bagi perusahaan. Dimana pengendalian internal ini sebagai koordinasi dari sistem akun-akun dan prosedur perkantoran yang berkaitan sehingga seorang karyawan selain mengerjakan tugasnya sendiri juga secara berkelanjutan mengecek pekerjan karyawan yang lain untuk hal-hal tertentu yang rawan kecurangan.
PENGARUH KEBIJAKAN HUTANG, PROFITABILITAS, DAN KEPUTUSAN INVESTASI TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN DENGAN KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI (Studi Pada Perusahaan Jasa Sektor Keuangan Sub-Sektor Asuransi Periode 2014 â€“ 2018)
Authors: Saleh Muhammad 
Published: August 2022

Tujuan perusahaan merupakan sesuatu yang akan di capai oleh perusahaan yang bersangkutan dan tujuan tersebut merupakan target yang bersifat kuantitatif, pencapaian target tersebut merupakan ukuran keberhasilan kinerja perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kebijakan hutang, profitabilitas, dan keputusan investasi terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan kebijakan dividen sebagai variabel moderasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 16 perusahaan asuransi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) dan sampel sebanyak 6 perusahaan dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Kebijakan Hutang (DER) berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan, Profitabilitas (ROA) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan, Keputusan investasi (TAG) berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan, Kebijakan Dividen (DPR) tidak mampu memoderasi pengaruh Kebijakan Hutang (DER) terhadap nilai perusahaan, Kebijakan Dividen (DPR) tidak mampu memoderasi pengaruh Profitabilitas (ROA) terhadap nilai perusahaan, dan Kebijakan Dividen (DPR) tidak mampu memoderasi pengaruh Keputusan Investasi (TAG) terhadap nilai perusahaan.

Kata kunci: kebijakan hutang, profitabilitas, keputusan investasi, kebijakan dividen, nilai perusahaan
PENGARUH MOTIVASI INTRINSIK DAN EKSTRINSIK TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA KANTOR CATATAN SIPIL KABUPATEN SIDENRENG RAPPANG
Authors: Mujahid Mujahid , Nugraha Paradiba Hekza 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Broadly speaking, this study aims to determine the effect of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on employee performance at the Office of Civil Registry Office of the Regency. Sidenreng Rappang. This type of research in this thesis is quantitative research. The sample in this study were employees of the Civil Registry Office of Kab. Sidenreng Rappang, amounting to 32 people. Data analysis was performed using quantitative methods. Based on the results of the partial test (t test) for the effect of X1 on Y is 0.840> 0.05 and the t-test value is -0.204 <t table 1.693 and for the effect of X2 on Y is 0.006 <0.05 and the t-value of 2.969. So that X1 has no effect on Y and X2 has an effect on Y.
Keyword: Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation, Employee Performance

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi instrinsik dan ekstrinsik terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Dinas Catatan Sipil Kab. Sidenreng Rappang. Jenis penelitian dalam skripsi ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah Pegawai Kantor Dinas Catatan Sipil Kab. Sidenreng Rappang yang berjumlah 32 orang. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil uji parsial (uji t) untuk pengaruh X1 terhadap Y adalah sebesar 0,840 > 0,05 dan nilai t hitung -0,204 < t tabel 1,693 dan untuk pengaruh X2 terhadap Y adalah sebesar 0,006 < 0,05 dan nilai t hitung 2,969. Sehingga X1 tidak terdapat pengaruh terhadap Y dan X2 terdapat pengaruh terhadap Y.

Kata Kunci: Motivasi Intrinsik, Motivasi Ekstrinsik, Kinerja Pegawai
PENGARUH KEPERCAYAAN DAN KEMUDAHAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PADA APLIKASI BELANJA ONLINE SHOPEE (Studi pada Mahasiswa Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Negeri Gorontalo)
Authors: Pautina Yazid Bustomin , Ismail Yulinda L , Abdussamad Zulfia K 
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis 1) pengaruh kepercayaan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada aplikasi belanja online shopee, 2) pengaruh kemudahan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada aplikasi belanja online shopee, 3) pengaruh kepercayaan dan kemudahan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada aplikasi belanja online shopee. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive random sampling yaitu sebanyak 93 orang. Teknik Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner dengan populasi mahasiswa manajemen fakultas ekonomi universitas negeri Gorontalo. Alat uji analisis yang digunakan dalam menguji penelitian ini yaitu uji regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa hasil uji t (parsial) 1) kepercayaan berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian ditunjukkan dengan nilai t hitung 3.052 > t tabel 1.986, 2) kemudahan berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian ditunjukkan dengan nilai t hitung 7.362 > t tabel 1.986, sedangkan hasil penelitian uji F menunjukkan F hitung 63.844 < F tabel 3.10 dengan taraf signifikansi 0,05. Artinya kepercayaan dan kemudahan secara simultan mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian pada aplikasi belanja online shopee. Berdasarkan perhitungan koefisien determinasi menunjukkan R Square sebesar 58,7% dikategori cukup, dapat disimpulkan bahwa 3) kepercayaan dan kemudahan secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian pada aplikasi belanja online shopee sedangkan sisanya 41,3% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini seperti variabel harga, promosi, kualitas informasi serta variabel moderasi seperti corporate image.
Kata kunci : Kepercayaan, Kemudahan dan Keputusan pembelian.
Suppression Of Bacterial Leaf Scorch Symptoms In American Elm Through Oxytetracycline Microinjection
Authors: Kostka S.J. , Tattar T.A. , Sherald J.L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAmerican elms with bacterial-associated leaf scorch (ELS) were injected with oxytetracycline (OTC) to determine if the antibiotic would cause a delay in symptom onset or a remission of symptoms. Degree of symptom expression and presence of fastidious, xylem-inhabiting bacteria were determined in August 1982. Eleven symptomatic trees were injected in August 1982 with OTC (40 mg a.i./cm dbh) delivered via Mauget capsules. OTC was injected at 40 mg a.i./cm dbh into 14 trees and at 80 mg a.i./cm dbh into 8 trees using a pipette injection technique. Ten untreated, symptomatic trees served as controls. In June 1983, all OTC treated trees were injected using prefilled Mauget capsules at dosage levels of 50 mg a.i./cm dbh or 80 mg a.i./cm dbh. By July, symptoms appeared in 7 of 10 untreated trees but only in 2 of the remaining 29 OTC-treated trees. By late August, symptoms were absent or reduced in 22 of 23 trees treated at the low OTC levels, and 3 of 6 trees treated at the high OTC level. Symptom remission was most apparent in trees which had less than 20% of the canopy leaf area affected with ELS prior to treatment. Delay of symptom onset and symptom remission support the role of the fastidious, xylem-inhabiting bacterium as the causal agent of ELS.
Dieback and Declines of Urban Trees
Authors: Houston David R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDieback-decline diseases occur when trees, stressed and altered by abiotic or biotic agents, are attacked by organisms of secondary action. The primary stress factors in forests are insect defoliation and extremes of moisture and temperature. In urban situations, drought is probably the most important stress factor. Most organisms of secondary action are native opportunists which often are more successful in urban than in forest situations — perhaps because urban trees are more frequently subjected to prolonged or intense stress. Attempts to control these diseases usually should be focused on preventing or reducing stress effects rather than on direct actions against the secondary organisms.
Fixed Price Bidding of Distribution Line Clearance Work: Another Look
Authors: Goodfellow John W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAwarding distribution system line clearance tree trimming under the terms of a contractural agreement establishing a fixed price for the completion of an entire work project has proven to be a cost effective alternative to traditional use of time and material basis contract tree crews. Successful utilization starts with establishing clear definition of project work requirements in the form of detailed specifications. Changes in the role of the contract administrator and contractor supervisor are necessary. An understanding of potential benefits and cost will increase the likelihood of success in adopting the fixed price bidding technique.
An Evaluation of Arbotect and Lignasan Trunk Injections as Potential Treatments for Oak Wilt in Live Oaks
Authors: Lewis Robert , Brook Alan R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractArbotect-20S® (2-(2)thiazolyl) benzimidazole) and Lignasan® (methyl-2-benzimidazol carbamate phosphate) were mixed with low volumes of water and injected into the xylem of live oaks in an effort to stop or prevent oak wilt (caused byCeratocystis fagacearum) development. Healthy trees near the advancing edge of oak wilt infection centers were not protected by fungicide treatments. Some of the infected trees showed an initial slowdown in the rate of tree degeneration after injections, but after 15 months there was no significant difference in treated and untreated trees.
Wound Response of Ulmus americana I: Results of Chemical Injection in Attempts to Control Dutch Elm Disease
Authors: Andersen J.L. , Campana R.J. , Shigo A.L. , Shortle W.C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractConcern for injury to elms from chemical injection led to an evaluation of the impact of wounding and exposure to liquid fungicide on the wound response ofUlmus americana. Small elms were injected with thiabendazole (TBZ) plus solvent, its solvent alone, or water. The external symptoms of injury following injection were observed over a 23 month period and the internal response to injury was recorded over a 33 month period from dissection of stems during the growing and dormant seasons. Wounds with water injection had small columns of discolored wood while wounds with chemical injections had large columns of discolored wood. TBZ treatment was toxic to woody tissues and caused the largest amount of discolored tissue in trees injected in May and June. The extensive amount of discolored wood associated with injected fungicide indicated that precautions must be taken such that injections will not limit future distribution of fungicide, decrease storage and transport capacities and predispose trees to other infectious agents.
The Effects of Dormant Branch Thinning on Total Leaf, Shoot, and Root Production From Bare-Root Prunus cerasifera ‘Newportii’
Authors: Evans Philip S. , Klett James E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDormant branch thinning at planting time did not affect total leaf or new root production, or leaf:new root ratios of two year old, branched, bare-rootPrunus cerasifera‘Newportii.’ Variability in new root production was more than twice that in leaf production; leaf:new root ratio was determined primarily by the magnitude of new root weight. Thinning resulted in increases in the number and lengths of new shoots. Data were taken 100 days after planting.
Monitoring Parasites of the Oak Lecanium Scale with Yellow Sticky Traps
Authors: Schultz Peter B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractYellow sticky traps have been found to be an effective method of monitoring the levels of oak lecanium parasites in the tree canopy. Five species of parasites of oak lecanium, a major soft scale pest of oak trees in eastern Virginia, were identified:Coccophagus lycimnia. Eunotus lividus, Encyrtus fuscus, Blastothrixsp. andPachyneuron altiscutum.Since peak levels of parasites were found shortly after oak lecanium egg hatch in early June, it is recommended that insecticide sprays for control of oak lecanium be delayed until mid-June to minimize damage to these natural enemies.
Seasonal Detection of Visible Dutch Elm Disease Symptoms
Authors: Cannon William N. , Barger Jack H. , Groth Laurie L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMost of the lightly diseased American elms (10% or less crown wilt) that were suitable candidates for fungicide injection and/or pruning therapy for Dutch elm disease were discovered in surveys during June and early July. More treatable elms were found in areas where diseased elms were removed promptly (up to 20 work days after discovery) than where removal was delayed until fall and winter, and in areas where the smaller European elm bark beetle is the primary vector of Dutch elm disease rather than where the native elm bark beetle is the primary vector.
Overland Spread Of The Oak Wilt Fungus In Minnesota
Authors: Juzwik Jennifer , French D. W. , Jeresek Jon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn seven locations involving 158 oaks from 1953-1979, infection occurred only in trees wounded in late May or early June. In plots established between 1953 and 1980 of over 5,000 oaks wounded, infection occurred in trees wounded as early as May (one tree in 1978) and as late as June 1 5. None of 322 trees wounded and with wounds painted became infected.
A Description Of Urban Soils And Their Desired Characteristics
Authors: Craul Phillip J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHuman activity in urbanization creates urban soils that have characteristics unlike those of their natural counterparts. Compaction, restriction of water movement and of aeration, presence of anthropeic materials, limited or confined rooting space and interrupted nutrient cycling are major problems, among several others, commonly encountered when planting and maintaining urban vegetation. These are explained to aid in their recognition in the field. Desired urban soil characteristics are given and possible solutions are briefly discussed.
Monitoring: An Essential Factor To Managing Pests Of Landscape Trees And Shrubs
Authors: Raupp Michael J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMonitoring is a critical component of pest management programs for trees and shrubs. The regular inspection of plant materials for insect, disease, and cultural problems allows the pest manager to pinpoint control actions. Trapping devices can detect the presence of pests in a location and provide informationfor theoptimal timing of control actions. Environmental monitoring can be used to fine tune controls to local climatic regimes. Incorporating several monitoring techniques into management programs enables landscape plant managers to reduce unnecessary pesticide use. This approach helps create more cost efficient pest control programs and satisfy the growing desire of clients to reduce the risk of pesticide exposure.