bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecularly Precise, Bright, Photostable, and Biocompatible Cyanine Nanodots as Alternatives to Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Yang Jiajia , Wang Kaiqi , Zheng Yihuan , Piao Ying , Wang Jinqiang , Tang Jianbin , Shen Youqing , Zhou Zhuxian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFluorescent imaging with fluorophores has become a powerful way to explore complex biological systems and visualize nanoparticles for drug delivery. However, it is challenging to develop fluorophores with ideal physical and optical properties. We report a method to synthesize cyanine nanodots with a single‐molecule structure, well‐defined particle size, customizable fluorescent spectrum, and bright and stable fluorescence. These cyanine nanodots are acquired by the divergent synthesis of cyanine‐dye‐cored polylysine (PLL) dendrimers. We demonstrated the feasibility of the method by synthesizing cyanine 3 (Cy3), cyanine 5 (Cy5), or cyanine 7 (Cy7) cored single‐molecule nanodots up to eight generations with a size of around 11 nm. We show that these cyanine nanodots are capable of multiple biomedical applications, including multicolor cellular tracing and cancer imaging. These cyanine nanodots possess many merits of organic dots and quantum dots that are promising for future application.
Enzymatic Enantioselective anti‐Markovnikov Hydration of Aryl Alkenes
Authors: Lin Hui , Meng Yinyin , Li Na , Tang Yanhong , Dong Shuang , Wu Zhongliu , Xu Cuilian , Kazlauskas Romas , Chen Hongge 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe addition of water to alkenes is an important method for the synthesis of alcohols, but the regioselectivity of acid‐catalyzed hydration of terminal alkenes yields secondary alcohols according to Markovnikov's rule, making it difficult to obtain primary alcohols. Here we report a styrene monooxygenase that catalyzes the anti‐Markovnikov hydration of the terminal aryl alkenes under anaerobic conditions. This hydration provides primary alcohols in good yields (up to 100 %), excellent anti‐Markovnikov regioselectivity (>99 : 1), and good enantiomeric purity (60–83 % ee). Residues Asn46, Asp100, and Asn309 are essential for catalysis suggesting an acid–base mechanism with a carbanion‐like intermediate that could account for the anti‐Markovnikov regioselectivity. Our work reveals a new enzymatic tool with unusual regioselectivity based on the promiscuous catalytic activity of a monooxygenase.
Solar‐Driven Overproduction of Biofuels in Microorganisms
Authors: Wang Jie , Chen Na , Bian Guangkai , Mu Xin , Du Na , Wang Wenjie , Ma Chong‐Geng , Fu Shai , Huang Bolong , Liu Tiangang , Yang Yanbing , Yuan Quan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMicrobial cell factories reinvigorate current industries by producing complex fine chemicals at low costs. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) is the main reducing power to drive the biosynthetic pathways in microorganisms. However, insufficient intrinsic NADPH limits the productivity of microorganisms. Here, we report that supplying microorganisms with long‐lived electrons from persistent phosphor mesoporous Al2O3 (meso‐Al2O3) can elevate the NADPH level to facilitate efficient fine chemical production. The defects in meso‐Al2O3 were demonstrated to be highly efficient in prolonging electrons’ lifetime. The long‐lived electrons in meso‐Al2O3 can pass the material–microorganism interface and power the biosynthetic pathways of E. coli to produce jet fuel farnesene. This work represents a reliable strategy to design photo‐biosynthesis systems to improve the productivity of microorganisms with solar energy.
The wetting process and crystallisation of Al2O3 substrate with molten slags: Addition of CaO‐Fe2O3
Authors: Baoliang Xia , Hanxu Li , Facun Jiao , Lirui Mao , Chengli Wu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs fluxes, CaO and Fe2O3 are widely applied to effectively improve the melting characteristics of coal ash. However, there are few studies on the effects of CaO and Fe2O3 contents in coal ash on the wetting of refractories used in entrained‐flow slagging gasifiers. This paper investigates the melting properties of ash slag and the wetting process in corundum‐based refractories in relation to the total amount of CaO and Fe2O3 and their proportions in coal ash. The rates of change of the apparent contact angle (ACA) and differential contact angle (DCA) as a function of temperature are employed to evaluate the wetting behaviour of the coal ash during the heating process. The results demonstrate that changes in the ACA result from the expansion or shrinkage of the slag. In particular, two abrupt changes in the ACA are observed at an Fe2O3/CaO ratio of .25. The wettability deteriorates after quenching at ratios ranging from .13 to .67. Differences in the crystal structure and elemental distribution along with the spreading direction are observed. X‐ray diffraction and FactSage calculations show that temperature changes the crystal composition and solid–liquid phase content, supporting the slag wetting process from the perspective of ash fusibility. A fraction of the liquid phase increases twice with increases in temperature, explaining the abrupt change in the ACAs. Overall, the wetting process of the slag can be explained by the surface tension and DCA. The wetting begins at 430 mN m−1 and becomes the most prominent at 435 mN m−1. Finally, an Fe2O3/CaO ratio of .25 is found to be more suitable for the long‐term operation of corundum‐based refractories.
Another potential disaster? On a proposal to introduce Nile perch, Lates niloticus, into Lake Kariba (Zambia/Zimbabwe)
Authors: Marshall Brian E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

The introduction of Nile perch, Lates niloticus, into Lake Victoria resulted in a massive increase in fish catches, but with significant ecological costs. These included the near extirpation of the 500+ endemic haplochromine species and the eutrophication of the lake.
A proposal to introduce Nile perch into the artificial Lake Kariba (Zambia/Zimbabwe) is of concern, therefore, because of potentially adverse impacts on its fisheries and biodiversity.
It is very unlikely that Nile perch would improve the fisheries in Lake Kariba, as it did in lakes Victoria and Kyoga, because this lake is oligotrophic and much less productive. The principal fishery in Lake Kariba is already in difficulty, owing to overfishing, and Nile perch could reduce catches further. The biomass of other native fish species is very low and would be unlikely to support a significant Nile perch population.
Lake Kariba has already experienced a major loss of biodiversity as river‐adapted fish species have not been able to adapt to lacustrine conditions. The non‐native Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, has also replaced the endemic tilapia species in the middle Zambezi system and the Nile perch could bring about a further loss of biodiversity. The ecological costs of its introduction into Lake Kariba would not be justified by an increase in fishery productivity, and the possible introduction of Nile perch should be forcefully rejected.
Raumklimauntersuchung im „schweren” Goldenen Saal in Nürnberg und in der „leichten” Glaseinhausung der Busmannkapelle in Dresden
Authors: Häupl Peter 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAuf der Basis einer vereinfachten Energie‐ und Feuchtebilanz für den bauklimatisch kritischen Raum eines Gebäudes ist ein Modell und Programm CLIMT für die Berechnung der Raumlufttemperatur und Raumluftfeuchte entwickelt worden. Außerdem ermöglicht das nutzerfreundliche Programm GLIG die Generierung der Außenklimadaten (Stundenwerte der Temperatur, der Luftfeuchte, der kurzwelligen Direkt‐ und Diffusstrahlung usw.). Die Rechenergebnisse sind mit Messwerten in zwei aktuellen Gebäuden in Deutschland verglichen worden: der Goldene Saal unter der Zeppelintribüne, der vom Hochbauamt Nürnberg seit 2015 renoviert wird und die Glaseinhausung der Busmannkapellenreplik in Dresden. Die Übereinstimmung zwischen den stündlichen Rechenwerten für die Raumlufttemperaturen und Raumluftfeuchten in den Jahren 2015 bzw. 2018 und den Messwerten in beiden Gebäuden ist beinahe perfekt. Das ist von großer Bedeutung für die Planung aller Sanierungsmaßnahmen und die museale Nutzung beider Gebäude.
LOCAL+ – ein kreislauffähiger Holzmodulbau mit nachhaltigem Energie‐ und Wohnraumkonzept
Authors: Ghinaiya Jagdishkumar , Lehmann Thomas , Göttsche Joachim 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMit dem Beitrag des Teams der FH Aachen zum SDE 21/22 wird im Projekt LOCAL+ ein kreislauffähiger Holzmodulbau mit einem innovativen Wohnraumkonzept geplant und umgesetzt. Ziel dieses Konzeptes ist die Verringerung des stetig steigenden Wohnflächenbedarfs durch ein Raum‐in‐Raum Konzept. Gebäudetechnisch wird in dem Projekt nicht nur das Einzelgebäude betrachtet, sondern unter Berücksichtigung des Gebäudebestandes wird für das Quartier ein innovatives und nachhaltiges Energiekonzept entwickelt. Ein zentrales Wasserstoffsystem ist für ein Quartier geplant, um den Stromverbrauch aus dem Netz im Winter zu reduzieren. Zentraler Bestandteil des TGA‐Konzepts ist ein unterirdischer Eisspeicher, eine PVT und eine Wärmepumpe mit intelligenter Regelstrategie. Ein Teil des neuen Gebäudes (Design Challenge DC) wird in Wuppertal als Hausdemonstrationseinheit (HDU) präsentiert. Eine hygrothermische Simulation der HDU wurde mit der WUFI‐Software durchgeführt. Da im Innenraum Lehmmodule und ‐platten als Feuchtigkeitspuffer verwendet werden, spielen die Themen Feuchtigkeit, Holzfäule und Schimmelwachstum eine wichtige Rolle.
MIMO – MINIMAL IMPACT, MAXIMUM OUTPUT – Gestapelte Tiny Houses als urbane WG
Authors: Musall Eike , Hering Janine , Brockerhoff Maximilian , Bauer Jana , Rödder Maximilian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDas interdisziplinäre Team MIMO (Minimal Impact – Maximum Output) der Hochschule Düsseldorf beschäftigt sich mit der ganzheitlich ressourceneffizienten Nachverdichtung urbaner Quartiere. Ein gründerzeitliches Industriegebäude und heutiges Tanzhaus wird energetisch saniert und um eine Wohnnutzung aufgestockt. In theoretischem Entwurf und folgender 1:1‐Umsetzung wird die Weiternutzung und Revitalisierung des Gebäudebestands, kreislaufgerechte Konstruktionen und Materialverwendung, der Einsatz recycelter, ökologischer und wiederverwertbarer Materialien, sozialnachhaltige Aspekte im Sinne von Gemeinschaft und Teilhabe sowie die Nutzung lokaler, erneuerbarer Energien zum Ausgleich der Gebäudeenergie‐ und Ökobilanz adressiert.
levelup – Modulare Aufstockung und Sanierung von Wohnblocks
Authors: Spindler Uli , Obermaier Sebastian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDas Team levelup der TH Rosenheim hat sich im Rahmen des SDE 21/22 das Ziel gesetzt, mittels Aufstockung den urbanen Raum nachzuverdichten. Hauptaugenmerk ist hierbei die Schaffung neuen Wohnraums mit einer energetischen Sanierung zum Plusenergiegebäude zu kombinieren. Erreicht wird dies durch ein Energiekonzept mit PV‐ und PVT‐Kollektoren, Absorptionswärmepumpe und einer Fassadenheizung. Der bauphysikalische Schwerpunkt in diesem Bericht liegt bei einer Sanierungsfassade mit thermischer Aktivierung der Bestandswand.
Interfacial structure design for triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Sun Bianjing , Xu Dan , Wang Zengbin , Zhan Yifei , Zhang Kai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSince the emergence of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), new strategies, materials, and applications have been rapidly developed in the past few years to realize the efficient utilization of mechanical energy from the environment. In the pursuit of high performance, long‐term stability, and adaption in a comprehensive situation, it is necessary to fully understand the triboelectric effect and its related parameters by analyzing real‐time working status of TENG devices. This review focuses on the interface structures in TENG devices and the real‐time charge transfer process enhanced by the microstructures/nanostructures on dielectric layer surfaces, which are believed to be primely important in addition to the inherent properties of materials. Four modes of TENG operations, two main types interfaces as solid–solid interface and solid–liquid interface, as well as various materials used for device fabrication are discussed initially. Based on the real‐time working status, the interface structures of TENG devices are classified into three different groups as one‐dimensional, two‐dimensional, and three‐dimensional ones. In addition, the noncontact mode TENG devices are also described and are regarded as candidates for mechanical wear. Finally, existing challenges and the prospect of TENG devices based on the structural design of interfaces are summarized.
Comprehensive analysis of metabolic pathway activity subtypes derived prognostic signature in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Huo Junyu , Cai Jinzhen , Wu Liqun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveMetabolic reprogramming is one of the hallmarks of cancer, but metabolic pathway activity‐related subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been identified.MethodsBased on the quantification results of 41 metabolic pathway activities by gene set variation analysis, the training cohort (n = 609, merged by TCGA and GSE14520) was clustered into three subtypes (C1, C2, and C3) with the nonnegative matrix factorization method. Totally 1371 differentially expressed genes among C1, C2, and C3 were identified, and an 8‐gene risk score was established by univariable Cox regression analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method, and multivariable Cox regression analysis.ResultsC1 had the strongest metabolic activity, good prognosis, the highest CTNNB1 mutation rate, with massive infiltration of eosinophils and natural killer cells. C2 had the weakest metabolic activity, poor prognosis, was younger, was inclined to vascular invasion and advanced stage, had the highest TP53 mutation rate, exhibited a higher expression level of immune checkpoints, accompanied by massive infiltration of regulatory T cells. C3 had moderate metabolic activity and prognosis, the highest LRP1B mutation rate, and a higher infiltration level of neutrophils and macrophages. Internal cohorts (TCGA, n = 370; GSE14520, n = 239), external cohorts (ICGC, n = 231; GSE116174, n = 64), and clinical subgroup validation showed that the risk score was applicable for patients with diverse clinical features and was effective in predicting the prognosis and malignant progression of patients with HCC. Compared with the low‐risk group, the high‐risk group had a poor prognosis, enhanced cancer stem cell characteristics, activated DNA damage repair, weakened metabolic activity, cytolytic activity, and interferon response.ConclusionWe identified HCC subtypes from the perspective of metabolism‐related pathway activity and proposed a robust prognostic signature for HCC.
Comparison of nivolumab and sorafenib for first systemic therapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and Child‐Pugh B cirrhosis
Authors: Chapin William J. , Hwang Wei‐Ting , Karasic Thomas B. , McCarthy Anne Marie , Kaplan David E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with decompensated cirrhosis are excluded or underrepresented in clinical trials of systemic therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and comparisons of available therapies are lacking. We aimed to compare overall survival for patients with HCC and Child‐Pugh B cirrhosis treated with nivolumab or sorafenib as first systemic treatment.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study in patients with HCC and Child‐Pugh B cirrhosis treated at Veterans Affairs medical centers to compare overall survival, adverse events, and reason for discontinuation of therapy between patients treated with nivolumab or sorafenib as first systemic treatment. All statistical tests were 2‐sided.ResultsOf those meeting inclusion criteria, 431 patients were treated with sorafenib and 79 with nivolumab. Median OS was 4.0 months (95% CI 3.5–4.8) in the sorafenib cohort and 5.0 months (95% CI 3.3–6.8) in the nivolumab cohort. In the multivariable Cox proportional hazards model, nivolumab was associated with a significantly reduced hazard of death compared to sorafenib (HR 0.69; 95% CI 0.52–0.91; p = 0.008). In a secondary analysis using propensity score methods, results did not reach statistical significance (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.55–1.06; p = 0.11). Treatment was discontinued due to toxicity in 12% of patients receiving nivolumab compared to 36% receiving sorafenib (p = 0.001).ConclusionIn patients with HCC and Child‐Pugh B cirrhosis, nivolumab treatment may be associated with improved overall survival and improved tolerability compared to sorafenib and should be considered for the first systemic treatment in this population.
Phosphodiesterase‐5 Inhibitory Activity of Canthin‐6‐One Alkaloids and the Roots ofEurycoma longifoliaandEurycoma harmandiana
Authors: Choonong Rattanathorn , Chaingam Jiranan , Chantakul Ruttanaporn , Mukda Sirikan , Temkitthawon Prapapan , Ingkaninan Kornkanok , Juengwatanatrakul Thaweesak , Yusakul Gorawit , Kanchanapoom Tripetch , Putalun Waraporn 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEurycoma longifolia(EL) andEurycoma harmandiana(EH) are natural medicinal plants belonging to the Simaroubaceae family, and are well‐known for their ability to enhance male sexual performance. The present study investigated the phosphodiesterase‐5 (PDE‐5) inhibitory activity of intact roots of EL and EH. Additionally, canthin‐6‐one alkaloids,β‐carboline alkaloids, and quassinoids were also screened for PDE‐5 inhibitory activity. We developedin vitroroot and callus cultures of EL and EH to determine their PDE‐5 inhibitory activity. Our results indicated that canthin‐6‐one alkaloids, which include canthin‐6‐one‐9‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, 9‐methoxycanthin‐6‐one, canthin‐6‐one, and 9‐hydroxycanthin‐6‐one, exhibited PDE‐5 enzymatic inhibitory activity, with IC50values of 2.86±0.23, 3.30±1.03, 4.31±0.52, and 4.66±1.13 μM, respectively. The ethanolic extract of the intact roots of EL and EH, and thein vitroroot culture of EH had large amounts of canthin‐6‐one alkaloids (1.50±0.04, 2.12±0.03, and 3.48±0.08 mg/g dry weight, respectively), and showed potent PDE‐5 inhibition. Our findings indicate thatin vitroroot cultures of EH may be used to replace intact plants, and canthin‐6‐one‐9‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside should be further investigated for development as a health supplement.
Exploration of Isoxazole‐Carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester Based 2‐Substituted Quinoline Derivatives as Promising Antitubercular Agents
Authors: Kumar Sahoo Santosh , Naiyaz Ahmad Mohammad , Kaul Grace , Nanduri Srinivas , Dasgupta Arunava , Chopra Sidharth , Madhavi Yaddanapudi Venkata 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn pursuit of potent anti‐TB agents active against drug resistant tuberculosis (DR‐TB), herein we report synthesis and bio‐evaluation of a new series of isoxazole‐carboxylic acid methyl ester based 2‐substituted quinoline derivatives. Preliminary evaluation indicated selectivity towards Mtb H37Rv, with no inhibition of non‐tubercular mycobacterial (NTM) & bacterial pathogen panel. Out of 36 synthesized compounds, majority exhibited substantial inhibition of Mtb H37Rv (MIC 0.5–8 μg/mL). Cell viability test against Vero cells revealed no significant cytotoxicity. Further, screening against drug resistant strains (DR‐Mtb) found hit compound displaying promising potency (MIC 1–4 μg/mL). Structure optimization of the hit led to the identification of lead compound demonstrating potent inhibition of both drug‐susceptible Mtb (MIC 0.12 μg/mL) and drug‐resistant Mtb (MIC 0.25–0.5 μg/mL) along with a high selectivity index (SI) >80. Taken together, with appreciable selectivity and potent activity, these chemotypes show prospect to be turned into a potential anti‐TB candidate.
Antimelanoma Potential ofCladonia mitisAcetone Extracts – Comparativein VitroStudies in Relation to Usnic Acid Content
Authors: Grudzińska Marta , Paśko Paweł , Wróbel‐Biedrawa Dagmara , Podolak Irma , Galanty Agnieszka 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, the cytotoxic activity of acetone extracts ofCladonia mitiswas assessed with respect to the content of usnic acid, a secondary metabolite commonly present in this species. Following quantitative HPLC analysis of the extracts, usnic acid was isolated by preparative chromatography. The study of cytotoxic activity was performed using the MTT test on three melanoma cell lines – HTB140, A375 and WM793. The selectivity of action was also assessed by comparing the effect towards normal human keratinocytes HaCaT. The results showed a dose‐dependent cytotoxic activity of the extracts tested and usnic acid itself, but no relationship was found between the content of usnic acid and the activity of the extracts. Furthermore, the extracts showed varied, but rather low anti‐tyrosinase activity. Otherin vitroandin vivostudies are necessary to demonstrate thatC. mitisextracts may be useful in the adjuvant external treatment of skin melanoma.
Luminescent Assay for the Screening of SARS‐CoV‐2 MPro Inhibitors
Authors: Sondag Daan , Merx Jona , Rossing Emiel , Boltje Thomas J. , Löwik Dennis W. P. M. , Nelissen Frank H. T. , van Geffen Mark , van 't Veer Cornelis , van Heerde Waander L. , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSince the outbreak of SARS‐CoV‐2 in December 2019 millions of infections have been reported globally. The viral chymotrypsin‐like main protease (MPro) exhibits a crucial role in viral replication and represents a relevant target for antiviral drug development. In order to screen potential MPro inhibitors we developed a luminescent assay using a peptide based probe containing a cleavage site specific for MPro. This assay was validated showing IC50 values similar to those reported in the literature for known MPro inhibitors and can be used to screen new inhibitors.
Ternary CuCrCeOx Solid Solution Enhances N2‐Selectivity in the NO Reduction with CO in the Presence of Water and Oxygen
Authors: Wang Yuhang , Zhang Yifei , Jiang Qike , Guo Song , Baiker Alfons , Li Gao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCo‐doping of ceria with Cu and Cr forming a ternary CuCrCeOx solid solution enhances N2‐selectivity as well as NO and CO conversions compared to the corresponding singly doped ceria, CuCeOx and CrCeOx, and pristine ceria, in the absence as well as presence of water and oxygen. The comparative study of these solid‐solution catalysts indicates that the doping of ceria results in the coupling of different transition metal redox cycles, which has a strong effect on the surface population of oxygen vacancies. The temperature required to reach 95 % N2‐selectivity is shown to be nearly linearly correlated to the concentration of oxygen vacancy defects. The oxygen defect population is highest for the ternary CuCrCeOx solid solution, which exhibits the best catalytic performance, reaching 100 % N2‐selectivity at around 100 °C. Three redox cycles (CrVI/CrIII, CuII/CuI, and CeIV/CeIII) have been identified in this catalyst leading to a synergistic effect. The ternary CuCrCeOx catalyst exhibits good water tolerance and long‐term stability while the SO2 tolerance is limited due to selective blocking of the active surface oxygen defects forming SO32− species, resulting in catalyst deactivation.