bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early impact of X‐ and Y‐chromosome variations (XXX, XXY, XYY) on social communication and social emotional development in 1–2‐year‐old children
Authors: Bouw Nienke , Swaab Hanna , Tartaglia Nicole , Jansen Anna C. , van Rijn Sophie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSex chromosome trisomies (SCTs) are characterized by an extra X‐ or Y‐chromosome (XXX, XXY, XYY). The present study aims to investigate early signs of social communication and social emotional development in very young children with SCT. Thirty‐four children with SCT (aged 12–24 months) were included in this study, as well as 31 age‐matched controls. Social communication was measured with structured behavior observations according to the Early Social Communication Scales, and social emotional developmental level with the Bayley Social Emotional parental questionnaire. Recruitment and assessment took place in the Netherlands and in the United States. On average, 12–24‐month old children with SCT showed difficulties with early social communication, more so in responding to others as compared to initiating social communications. During social interactions, children with SCT made less frequent eye contact, compared to controls. Also, difficulties in acquiring social emotional milestones were found in 1‐year old children with SCT, with 44% of the children having social emotional vulnerabilities in the borderline or extremely low range, compared to typically developing children. In this cohort, no significant predictive effects of karyotype‐subtype (XXX, XXY, XYY) were found. Already from a very early age, SCT can be associated with increased risk for vulnerabilities in adaptive social functioning. These findings suggest that SCT impact the maturation of the social brain already from an early age, and stress the importance of early monitoring and (preventive) support early social development in young children with SCT.
Characterization of phenotypic range in DYRK1A haploinsufficiency syndrome using standardized behavioral measures
Authors: Fenster Rebecca , Ziegler Alban , Kentros Catherine , Geltzeiler Alexa , Green Snyder LeeAnne , Brooks Elizabeth , Chung Wendy K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDYRK1A haploinsufficiency syndrome is a well‐established neurodevelopmental disorder, but detailed information on the range of cognitive and behavioral issues associated with the condition is limited. We studied 24 participants with likely pathogenic or pathogenic variants in DYRK1A through the Simons Searchlight study and systematically assessed their medical history and development using standardized instruments: Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale II (VABS‐II) and Child Behavior Checklists/1.5‐5 and 6‐18 (CBCL/1.5‐5, CBCL/6‐18). All of the individuals in the cohort had neurological manifestations including intellectual disability or developmental delay, microcephaly, autism spectrum disorder, and/or seizures. The severity of the neurodevelopmental disorder was variable with a few children scoring in the moderately low range on the adaptive behavior composite score on the VABS‐II. This study confirms the association of DYRK1A haploinsufficiency with neurodevelopmental disabilities, microcephaly, autism spectrum disorder, and epilepsy and quantifies the range of adaptive behaviors.
Tmax Volumes Predict Final Infarct Size and Functional Outcome in Ischemic Stroke Patients Receiving Endovascular Treatment
Authors: Fainardi Enrico , Busto Giorgio , Rosi Andrea , Scola Elisa , Casetta Ilaria , Bernardoni Andrea , Saletti Andrea , Arba Francesco , Nencini Patrizia , Limbucci Nicola , Mangiafico Salvatore , Demchuk Andrew , Almekhlafi Mohammed A , Goyal Mayank , Lee Ting Y. , Menon Bijoy K. , Morotti Andrea 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveThe objective of this paper was to explore the utility of time to maximum concentration (Tmax)‐based target mismatch on computed tomography perfusion (CTP) in predicting radiological and clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO) selected for endovascular treatment (EVT).MethodsPatients with AIS underwent CTP within 24 hours from onset followed by EVT. Critically hypoperfused tissue and ischemic core volumes were automatically calculated using Tmax thresholds >9.5 seconds and >16 seconds, respectively. The difference between Tmax > 9.5 seconds and Tmax > 16 seconds volumes and the ratio between Tmax > 9.5 seconds and Tmax > 16 seconds volumes were considered ischemic penumbra and Tmax mismatch ratio, respectively. Final infarct volume (FIV) was measured on follow‐up non‐contrast computed tomography (CT) at 24 hours. Favorable clinical outcome was defined as 90‐day modified Rankin Scale 0 to 2. Predictors of FIV and outcome were assessed with multivariable logistic regression. Optimal Tmax volumes for identification of good outcome was defined using receiver operating curves.ResultsA total of 393 patients were included, of whom 298 (75.8%) achieved successful recanalization and 258 (65.5%) achieved good outcome. In multivariable analyses, all Tmax parameters were independent predictors of FIV and outcome. Tmax > 16 seconds volume had the strongest association with FIV (beta coefficient = 0.596 p <0.001) and good outcome (odds ratio [OR] = 0.96 per 1 ml increase, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.95–0.97, p < 0.001). Tmax > 16 seconds volume had the highest discriminative ability for good outcome (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.842–0.909). A Tmax > 16 seconds volume of ≤67 ml best identified subjects with favorable outcome (sensitivity = 0.91 and specificity = 0.73).InterpretationTmax target mismatch predicts radiological and clinical outcomes in patients with AIS with LVO receiving EVT within 24 hours from onset. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:878–888
Supraclavicular brachial plexus and paravertebral blocks: novel regional anaesthetic technique for brachioaxillary fistula formation with a synthetic graft
Authors: Rhidian R. , Looseley A. , Carey A. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryVascular access formation surgery for renal replacement therapy can be performed under local, regional or general anaesthesia. Regional anaesthesia may offer several advantages, however the sensory innervation to the upper medial arm can be difficult to adequately block. We describe a novel regional anaesthetic technique using both supraclavicular brachial plexus and paravertebral blocks for a multimorbid 73‐year‐old woman undergoing brachioaxillary fistula formation with a synthetic graft. An ultrasound‐guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block was performed, followed by an ultrasound‐guided T2/3 level paravertebral block. Adequate sensory blockade for surgery was achieved. Supplemental local anaesthetic infiltration was not required, and the operation was well tolerated by the patient. We consider this to be a valuable regional anaesthetic technique for vascular access formation surgery involving the upper arm.
Decentralized observer‐based controller design for large‐scale systems with quantized measurements and actuator faults
Authors: Tharanidharan Vasudevan , Sakthivel Rathinasamy , Shanmugam Harshavarthini , Almakhles Dhafer J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper is focused on designing observer‐based decentralized memory feedback controller for ensuring the asymptotic mean square stability of the large‐scale systems with minimum H∞ performance index. Precisely, the unknown interconnection between each subsystems of a large‐scale system is assumed to satisfy quadratic bounds, and measured output is quantized by a logarithmic quantizer. Also, the signals are transmitted through the actuator component wherein the occurrence of fault is indispensable. Thus, the impact of faults in actuator is considered in control design to tolerate the fault effects and also for ensuring robust performance. A state space representation of the system is formulated to reconstruct the unmeasurable states via the available informations of input/output dynamics. Based on the designed observer, a decentralized memory feedback controller is developed. Specifically, in terms of linear matrix inequalities, the stability conditions are derived and which are sufficient to guarantee the desired result. At last, simulations are carried out for two numerical examples to validate the potential of the theoretical result.
The interaction between smoking and bladder cancer genetic variants on urothelial cancer risk by disease aggressiveness
Authors: Teleka Stanley , Jochems Sylvia H. J. , Jirström Karin , Stocks Tanja 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSmoking has shown interactions with bladder cancer (BC) genetic variants, especially N‐acetyltransferase‐2 (NAT2), a tobacco smoke metabolism gene, on BC risk. The interactions by disease aggressiveness are unknown.MethodsWe investigated the interaction between smoking and 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for BC, individually and in a genetic risk score (GRS), on urothelial cancer (UC) risk including BC. We analysed data from 25,453 individuals with 520 incident UCs during follow‐up, 339 non‐aggressive (non‐fatal, non‐muscle invasive) and 163 aggressive (all other) UCs. Hazard ratios (HRs), absolute risks and additive and multiplicative interactions for two‐by‐two combinations of never/ever smoking with low/high genetic risk were calculated.ResultsSmoking and NAT2 rs1495741 interacted strongly, positively on aggressive UC on both the multiplicative (p = 0.004) and additive (p = 0.0002) scale, which was not observed for non‐aggressive UC (pinteractions ≥ 0.6). This manifested in a higher HR of aggressive UC by ever smoking for the slow acetylation NAT2 genotype (HR, 5.00 [95% confidence interval, 2.67–9.38]) than for intermediate/fast acetylation NAT2 (HR, 1.50 [0.83–2.71]), and in differences in absolute risks by smoking and NAT2 genotype. Smoking also interacted additively and positively with the GRS on any UC (p = 0.01) and non‐aggressive UC (p = 0.02), but not on aggressive UC (p = 0.1). Gene‐smoking interactions of lesser magnitude than for NAT2 were found for SNPs in APOBEC3A, SLC14A1 and MYNN.ConclusionsThis study suggests that smoking increases UC risk more than expected when combined with certain genetic risks. Individuals with the slow acetylation NAT2 variant might particularly benefit from smoking intervention to prevent lethal UC; however, replication in larger studies is needed.
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis associated with COVID‐19 infection: A case report
Authors: Jouhar Lamia , Yahya Marva , Elsiddiq Sohair 
Published: March 2022

AbstractToxic Epidermal Necrolysis/Steven–Johnson Syndrome (TEN/SJS) is one of the most serious dermatological adverse reactions triggered mainly by drugs and less likely by infections. COVID‐19 disease is caused by Sever Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) with a wide range of clinical manifestations. Skin involvement is common in COVID‐19 patients including urticaria, purpura, and vasculitis. There were reported cases of TEN/SJS in adults with COVID‐19 infections and only two reported cases in pediatric patients. The causality relationship between COVID‐19 infection and TEN/SJS was not established in most cases due to history of drug usage that could be the trigger. In this study, we are reporting a case of previously healthy child apart from COVID‐19 infection who was admitted to the intensive care unit with TEN involving more than 30% of body surface area confirmed by skin biopsy. The child was treated with intravenous immunoglobulins, steroids, and cyclosporin with a very good outcome.
Dispensing Single Drops as Electrochemical Reactors
Authors: Rastgar Shokoufeh , Pleis Sebastian , Zhang Yanzhen , Wittstock Gunther 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Gunther Wittstock at Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg. The cover picture represents the illustration of a single microscopic drop which is generated and directed to a reactive surface, where the liquid content is detected. The electrochemical detection is made possible by a phase transfer to a viscous ion‐conducting carrier liquid. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/celc.202200004.
Discovery of New Bohemamines and Synthesis of Methylene‐Bridged Chimeric Derivatives through Natural Product Chimera Strategy
Authors: Zhang Rongxin , Yan Xiaotang , Yin Shupeng , Wang Weihong , Zhu Weiming , Fu Peng 
Published: March 2022

Comprehensive SummaryFive new pyrrolizidine alkaloids, bohemamines J—N (1—5), were isolated from Streptomyces sp. CPCC 200497. Their structures were assigned based on detailed spectroscopic analysis and semisynthesis. Bohemamine J (1) possesses a new chimeric skeleton derived from bohemamine A (6) and phenylacetaldehyde. Inspired by the nonenzymatic formation mechanism of the methylene‐bridged dimers isolated from this strain, we synthesized a series of chimeric derivatives (8, 9, and 12—23) through natural product chimera strategy. Compounds 13, 15, 19, and 21 showed significant antioxidant activity.
Sarcopenia and systemic inflammation are associated with decreased survival after cytoreductive nephrectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Khan Amir Ishaq , Psutka Sarah P. , Patil Dattatraya H. , Hong Gordon , Williams Milton A. , Bilen Mehmet A. , Sekhar Aarti , Kissick Haydn T. , Narayan Vikram M. , Joshi Shreyas S. , Ogan Kenneth , Master Viraj A. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThis study was aimed at assessing the associations of sarcopenia, muscle density, adiposity, and inflammation with overall survival (OS) after cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.MethodsIn all, 158 patients undergoing CN from 2001 to 2014 had digitized preoperative imaging for tissue segmentation via Slice‐O‐Matic software (version 5.0) at the mid‐L3 level. The skeletal muscle index was calculated with the skeletal muscle area (cm2) normalized for height (m2), and the skeletal muscle density (SMD) was calculated with average Hounsfield units. Adiposity was measured with the cross‐sectional area (cm2) of visceral, subcutaneous, and intramuscular adiposity compartments and was similarly normalized for height. The average fat density was obtained in Hounsfield units. OS was estimated with the Kaplan‐Meier method. Associations between body composition, inflammation metrics, and relevant clinicopathology and OS were assessed with univariable and multivariate Cox analyses.ResultsSeventy‐six of the 158 patients (48%) were sarcopenic. Sarcopenia was associated with elevated neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios (NLRs; P = .02), increased age (P = .001), lower body mass indices (P = .009), greater modified Motzer scores (P = .019), and lower SMD (P = .006). The median OS was 15.0 and 29.4 months for sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic patients, respectively (P = .04). Elevated inflammation (NLR or C‐reactive protein), in addition to sarcopenia, was independently associated with OS, with an elevated NLR ≥ 3.5 and sarcopenia associated with the poorest OS at 10.2 months. No associations were observed between measurements of muscle density or adiposity and OS.ConclusionsSarcopenia and measures of high systemic inflammation are additively associated with inferior OS after CN and may be of use in preoperative risk stratification.Lay Summary

Body composition and sarcopenia (a deficiency in skeletal musculature) have been shown to affect outcomes in cancer.

We found that sarcopenic patients had poor survival in comparison with nonsarcopenic patients in the setting of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

Patients with both elevated inflammation and sarcopenia had the poorest survival.

Sarcopenia is an objective measure of nutrition that can assist in therapeutic counseling and decision‐making for individualized treatment in mRCC.
Deep embedding for mental health content on social media using vector space model with feature clusters
Authors: Gupta Aakansha , Katarya Rahul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOver the years, various document‐clustering techniques were developed to group the textual data. The performance of document clustering systems heavily relies on the optimal use of text representations. Vector space model is an extensively used technique by existing clustering algorithms to present the text in a structured form. However, such representations suffer from a lack of semantic associations, high dimensionality, and sparsity. In order to enrich the document representation by retaining the semantic and morphological associations, this paper introduced a word cluster‐based modified term frequency‐inverse document frequency (WC_MTI) model, in which semantically associated word embeddings from the word2vec are supplemented with morphological information using kernel principal component analysis. In addition, to address high dimensionality and sparsity issues and improve the clustering, we use a self‐training technique that learns discriminative features using the WC_MTI model and autoencoder (AE) and then updates the encoder network weights using assignments from a clustering algorithm as supervision. The proposed model organizes documents into topically compatible clusters by maintaining the semantic and morphological similarity between terms using the skip‐gram with negative sampling (SGNS) and low‐dimensional vector representations. We evaluate the proposed approach against the existing text representation methods. Experimental findings suggest that the proposed approach enhanced the average accuracy by 89.62%.
Bezier Search Differential Evolution algorithm based estimation models of delay parameter k for signalized intersections
Authors: Akgüngör Ali Payıdar , Korkmaz Ersin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article presents a new methodology for estimating delay parameter k, and proposes analytical models which are used artificial intelligence technique for signalized intersections that considers the variation in traffic flow with under‐saturated and over‐saturated conditions. The delay parameter k has been expressed as a function of the degree of saturation in the proposed analytical models. Using the Bezier Search Differential Evolution algorithm (BeSD) algorithm, four different model forms were developed separately for under‐saturated conditions (x <1) and over‐saturated conditions (x > =1). Among the model forms developed as linear, quadratic, power, and logarithmic, the quadratic model presented the best results in both traffic conditions. In the validation of the models, a total of 140 different traffic conditions were determined, 56 of which cover the under‐saturated and 84 the over‐saturated traffic conditions. According to the statistical results, using k values depending on the proposed model instead of using a constant k value (0.5) provides 1.5 and 4.3 improvements for RMSE and MAPE values in under‐saturated traffic conditions respectively, while these improvements in over‐saturated traffic conditions have reached 9.5 and 6, respectively. As a result, using k values depending on the proposed model will be effective in obtaining a more accurate delay value. This effect is more evident, especially in over‐saturated traffic conditions.
Cloud computing platform: Performance analysis of prominent cryptographic algorithms
Authors: Ajmal Abdullah , Ibrar Sundas , Amin Rashid 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith advancements in science and technology, cloud computing is the next big thing in the industry. Cloud cryptography is a technique that uses encryption algorithms to secure data. The significant advantage of cloud storage is no difficulty to get to, diminished equipment, low protection, and fixing cost so every association is working with the cloud. Encryption is the process of encoding information to prevent unauthorized access. Nowadays, we desire to secure the information that is to be stored in our computer or transmitted utilizing the internet against attacks. The cryptographic method depends on their response time, confidentiality, bandwidth, and integrity. Furthermore, security is a significant factor in cloud computing for ensuring client data is placed on the safe mode in the cloud. Our research paper compares the efficiency, usage, and utility of available cryptography algorithms. Evaluation results suggest which algorithm is better for which type of data and environment.
ND‐ADR: Nondestructive adaptive data rate for LoRaWAN Internet of Things
Authors: Lodhi Muhammad Ali , Wang Lei , Farhad Arshad 
Published: March 2022

SummaryTypically, LoRaWAN utilizes an adaptive data rate (ADR) for resource assignment (e.g., spreading factor and transmit power) to a large number of end devices (EDs). However, the slow adaptation of the spreading factor and transmitting power strategy makes the ADR vulnerable to destructive concurrent transmissions, resulting in massive packet collision. Therefore, this paper analyzes the impact of massive concurrent transmissions and proposes a novel “nondestructive adaptive data rate (ND‐ADR)” approach to address the packet collision problem. The proposed ND‐ADR aims to monitor the destructive concurrent transmissions proactively and mitigate them by allocating nondestructive transmission time to EDs. The proposed ND‐ADR ensures high robustness and reliability by reducing the chances of destructive transmissions and retransmissions. Results show that the proposed ND‐ADR outperforms the existing state‐of‐the‐art ADRs in packet success ratio and energy consumption.
Natural Product Synthesis by Intramolecular Alkylidene Carbene C−H Insertion
Authors: Taber Douglass F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDirect functionalization of unactivated C−H bonds is of increasing importance in organic synthesis. Of the many methods that have been developed, intramolecular alkylidene C−H insertion, proceeding with retention of absolute configuration, is among the most versatile. This Review explores all examples of the use of intramolecular alkylidene C−H insertion in natural product synthesis.
Fluorine‐Containing sp3‐Enriched Building Blocks for the Multigram Synthesis of Fluorinated Pyrazoles and Pyrimidines with (Hetero)aliphatic Substituents
Authors: Fedinchyk Anastasiya , Herasymchuk Maksym , Smirnov Vladyslav O. , Melnykov Kostiantyn P. , Yarmoliuk Dmytro V. , Kyrylchuk Andrii A. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEfficient approaches to the gram‐scale synthesis of fluorinated pyrazoles and pyrimidines bearing saturated (hetero)cyclic substituents are described. The methods rely on the heterocyclizations of sp3‐enriched β‐bromo‐α,α‐difluoroketones and fluorinated enaminones (in turn prepared from saturated heterocyclic α‐fluoroketones), respectively; these compounds themselves are useful synthetic intermediates that have been prepared on multigram scale for the first time. LogP and aqueous solubility measurements, as well as lead‐likeness assessment using the Nelson's LLAMA tool show that the 19 synthesized sp3‐enriched fluorinated building blocks meet the lead‐oriented synthesis criteria.