bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Modeling of Ice–Seabed Interaction in Clay by Incorporation of the Strain Rate and Strain-Softening Effects
Authors: Hashemi Seyedhossein , Shiri Hodjat 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ice gouging is one of the main threats to the safety of the subsea pipelines buried in Arctic coastal regions. Determining the best pipeline burial depth relies on free-field ice gouging analysis and obtaining the resultant subgouge soil deformations. Therefore, improving the accuracy and efficiency of the free-field ice gouging analysis is a key demand in daily engineering practice. The pressure-induced by ice keel through the ice gouging process causes the seabed soil to undergo large localized plastic deformation, where the classical Lagrangian method confronts mesh instability challenges. Also, the conventional Mohr–Coulomb soil model is not able to account for the strain-rate dependency and strain-softening effects, which are significant in ice gouging event. In this study, free-field ice gouging in clay was simulated using a coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian approach. The strain-rate dependency and strain-softening effects were incorporated by developing a user-defined subroutine and incremental updating of the undrained shear strength in abaqus. The comparison of the model predictions with published numerical and experimental studies showed a significant improvement of accuracy. A comprehensive parametric study was also conducted to investigate the effect of various model parameters on the seabed response to ice gouging.
Compromised Cardiopulmonary Function in Fibulin-5 Deficient Mice
Authors: Ramachandra Abhay B. , Mikush Nicole , Sauler Maor , Humphrey Jay D. , Manning Edward P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Competent elastic fibers are critical to the function of the lung and right circulation. Murine models of elastopathies can aid in understanding the functional roles of the elastin and elastin-associated glycoproteins that constitute elastic fibers. Here, we quantify together lung and pulmonary arterial structure, function, and mechanics with right heart function in a mouse model deficient in the elastin-associated glycoprotein fibulin-5. Differences emerged as a function of genotype, sex, and arterial region. Specifically, functional studies revealed increased lung compliance in fibulin-5 deficiency consistent with a histologically observed increased alveolar disruption. Biaxial mechanical tests revealed that the primary branch pulmonary arteries exhibit decreased elastic energy storage capacity and wall stress despite only modest differences in circumferential and axial material stiffness in the fibulin-5 deficient mice. Histological quantifications confirm a lower elastic fiber content in the fibulin-5 deficient pulmonary arteries, with fragmented elastic laminae in the outer part of the wall - likely the reason for reduced energy storage. Ultrasound measurements confirm sex differences in compromised right ventricular function in the fibulin-5 deficient mice. These results reveal compromised right heart function, but opposite effects of elastic fiber dysfunction on the lung parenchyma (significantly increased compliance) and pulmonary arteries (trend toward decreased distensibility), and call for further probing of ventilation-perfusion relationships in pulmonary pathologies. Amongst many other models, fibulin-5 deficient mice can contribute to our understanding of the complex roles of elastin in pulmonary health and disease.
The Use of an Equivalent Temperature Field to Emulate an Induced Residual Stress Field in a Rotating Disk Due to Full Or Partial Rotational Autofrettage
Authors: Perl Mordechai , Kamal Seikh Mustafa , Mulera Solomon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The evaluation of equivalent temperature fields for cylindrical and spherical pressure vessels to imitate autofrettage induced residual stresses has been successfully implemented in studying crack growth in autofrettaged vessels by the finite element method. Rotational autofrettage is a recent method that can be employed for strengthening hollow disks used in many turbomachinery. The evaluation of the equivalent temperature field becomes pivotal in the performance assessment of autofrettaged cracked disks subjected to high rotational speed. In this work, an equivalent thermal loading method for emulating the residual stress field in a hollow rotating disk, induced by full or partial rotational autofrettage in a finite element analysis is suggested. An analytical, or a numerical discrete solution, evaluating the equivalent temperature field for an arbitrary axisymmetric residual stress field, induced in a rotating disk due to rotational autofrettage, is developed. This solution is implemented in a finite element analysis to emulate the original rotational autofrettage induced residual stresses in a typical rotating disk. Applying the equivalent temperature field, the residual stresses obtained in the finite element analysis, are further corroborated with the original residual stress field introduced by rotational autofrettage. It is found that the developed equivalent temperature fields excellently reproduce the residual stress fields, within less than 1%, induced by both full or partial rotational autofrettage.
Acute Perceptive Responses to 2 Combined Training Methods in Adolescents: A Crossover Study
Authors: de Faria Waynne Ferreira , Camargo Corrêa Renan , Mendonça Filipe Rodrigues , Krinski Kleverton , Stabelini Neto Antonio 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To compare the acute perceptive responses of different combined training methods in adolescents. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 50 adolescents, insufficiently active, aged between 14 and 18 years (58% female). The adolescents performed 2 sessions in a randomized order: moderate-intensity continuous training + resistance training (MICT + RT) and high-intensity interval training + resistance training (HIIT + RT). The rating of perceived exertion, affect, and satisfaction were measured by self-report in 5 moments during the combined training (HIIT or MICT—moments 1, 2, and 3; RT—moments 4 and 5) and 10 minutes after the end of the session. Results: During HIIT, adolescents reported higher values of rating of perceived exertion compared to the MICT session at moments 2 and 3 in both sexes (P < .05). In addition, at moments 2 and 3 of the HIIT session, female participants were reported to have a higher value of satisfaction compared to MICT (F = 3.953; P = .005; η2 = .067). Conclusion: During the execution of both HIIT + RT and MICT + RT protocols, adolescents showed an increase in the values of pleasure and satisfaction, regardless of sex.
Combined Prospective Seroconversion and PCR Data of Selected Cohorts Indicate a High Rate of Subclinical SARS-CoV-2 Infections—an Open Observational Study in Lower Saxony, Germany
Authors: Jonczyk Rebecca , Stanislawski Nils , Seiler Lisa K. , Blume Holger , Heiden Stefanie , Lucas Henning , Sarikouch Samir , Pott Philipp-Cornelius , Stiesch Meike , Hauß Corinna , Saletti Giulietta , González-Hernández Mariana , Kaiser Franziska Karola , Rimmelzwaan Guus , Osterhaus Albert , Blume Cornelia 
Published: February 2022

Within this open observational study, repeated PCR (
n
> 4,700) and antibody screening (
n
> 1,600) tests were offered in three different working fields. The study identified 51 subjects with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and 37 subjects reported to have had a positive PCR test taken externally.
The newly discovered ca. 1.35 Ga metamafic rocks in the Oulongbuluke Block, NW China, and its record for transition from the Columbia to Rodinia supercontinent
Authors: Lv Pei , Yu Shengyao , Peng Yinbiao , Li Sanzhong , Liu Yongjiang , Wang Chunyu , Sun Deyou , Jiang Xingzhou , Gao Xiangyu , Ji Wentao , Li Chuanzhi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Oulongbuluke Block is an integral part of the Columbia and Rodinia supercontinents, but the lack of rock records from the transitional period between the Columbia and Rodinia supercontinents during the mid–late Mesoproterozoic has impeded our understanding of the tectonic relationship of the Oulongbuluke Block, which lies between the Columbia and Rodinia supercontinents. In this contribution, we present a systematic petrographic, geochemical, and zircon U-Pb-Hf investigation of newly discovered metamafic rocks in the Oulongbuluke Block. The results show that the metamafic rocks have a protolith age of ca. 1.35 Ga and an arcrelated metamorphic age of ca. 1.11–1.09 Ga. The metamafic rock samples are geochemically characterized by relatively high FeOT/MgO and FeOT and low SiO2, MgO, and K2O + Na2O, which shows tholeiitic affinity. These metamafic rocks exhibit slight light rare earth element (LREE) depletion and flat heavy rare earth element (HREE) content with no obvious Eu anomalies and slightly negative Nb, Sr, and Zr anomalies. These conditions are similar to those of enriched midoceanic-ridge basalt (E-MORB) and normal mid-oceanic-ridge basalt (N-MORB). The metamorphic rocks studied also have positive zircon εHf(t) values (2.96–7.04). Hence, the protoliths of the metamafic rocks may have been produced by variable degrees of melting of spinel-phase lherzolite mantle in a mid-oceanic ridge setting that was probably induced by a mantle plume. The presence of metamafic rocks indicates that the Oulongbuluke Block experienced the final breakup of the Columbia supercontinent at ca. 1.35 Ga, and the ca. 1.11–1.09 Ga arc-related metamorphism coincided with the convergence of the Rodinia supercontinent. The tectonic setting of the Oulongbuluke Block changed from a mid-oceanic ridge setting to an arc setting during the mid–late Mesoproterozoic, which was likely a response to the transition from the Columbia supercontinent to Rodinia supercontinent.
Evidence supporting safe diagnosis of coeliac disease in children with antitissue transglutaminase titre ≥5 times upper limit of normal
Authors: Paul Siba Prosad , Raja Daniyal Isam , Sandhu Bhupinder Kaur , Rao Srinivasa R , Spray Christine H , Wiskin Anthony Edward , Selvarajan Lakshmipriya , Volonaki Eleni , Ramani Pramila , Tashtoush Lina Bourhan , Basude Dharamveer 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveEuropean Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) guidelines on coeliac disease (CD) recommend that children who have IgA-based antitissue transglutaminase (TGA-IgA) titre ≥10× upper limit of normal (ULN) and positive antiendomysial antibody, can be reliably diagnosed with CD via the no-biopsy pathway. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between TGA-IgA ≥5×ULN and histologically confirmed diagnosis of CD.MethodsData including TGA-IgA levels at upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and histological findings from children diagnosed with CD following endoscopy from 2006 to 2021 were analysed. CD was confirmed by Marsh-Oberhuber histological grading 2 to 3 c. Statistical analysis was performed using χ² analysis (p<0.05= significant).Results722 of 758 children had histological confirmation of CD. 457 children had TGA-IgA ≥5×ULN and 455 (99.5%) of these had histological confirmation for CD; the two that did not had eventual diagnosis of CD based on clinicopathological features. 114 of 457 had between TGA-IgA ≥5×ULN and <10×ULN, all had confirmed CD. The likelihood of a positive biopsy with TGA-IgA ≥5×ULN (455/457) compared with TGA-IgA <5×ULN (267/301) has strong statistical significance (p<0.00001). The optimal TGA-IgA cut-off from receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was determined to be below 5×ULN for the two assays used.Conclusion99.5% of children with TGA-IgA ≥5×ULN had histological confirmation of CD, suggesting that CD diagnosis can be made securely in children with TGA-IgA ≥5×ULN. If other studies confirm this finding, there is a case to be made to modify the ESPGHAN guidelines to a lower threshold of TGA-IgA for serological diagnosis of CD.
Epidemiology and mapping of child road casualties
Authors: Smith Alexandra Celeste , Jones Sarah J , Hanna David 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundPaediatric trauma following road traffic collisions (RTCs) represents a significant public health burden. This study aims to influence road safety in Wales.MethodsPolice (STATS19) and healthcare databases covering all or part of Wales were analysed, compared and mapped from 2017 to 2019 for RTCs involving children aged 0–16 years.ResultsSTATS19 under-reports RTCs, recording 1859 road traffic injuries (RTIs) for all Wales compared with 1170 RTIs at one tertiary hospital in South East Wales. Boys aged 11–16 years had the highest injury rates (92.2 per 100 000 population). Injuries peaked at school journey times. The rate ratio of injury was 2.0 (95% CI 1.7 to 2.4) for the most deprived compared with the least deprived areas.ConclusionImprovements in data quality are essential to influence road policy. Improved road safety is needed in all communities but must be further enhanced in the most deprived areas, where the burden of injury is highest.
Mortality among US veterans after emergency visits to Veterans Affairs and other hospitals: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chan David C , Danesh Kaveh , Costantini Sydney , Card David , Taylor Lowell , Studdert David M 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo measure and compare mortality outcomes between dually eligible veterans transported by ambulance to a Veterans Affairs hospital and those transported to a non-Veterans Affairs hospital.DesignRetrospective cohort study using data from medical charts and administrative files.SettingEmergency visits by ambulance to 140 Veteran Affairs and 2622 non-Veteran Affairs hospitals across 46 US states and the District of Columbia in 2001-18.ParticipantsNational cohort of 583 248 veterans (aged ≥65 years) enrolled in both the Veterans Health Administration and Medicare programs, who resided within 20 miles of at least one Veterans Affairs hospital and at least one non-Veterans Affairs hospital, in areas where ambulances regularly transported patients to both types of hospitals.InterventionEmergency treatment at a Veterans Affairs hospital.Main outcome measureDeaths in the 30 day period after the ambulance ride. Linear probability models of mortality were used, with adjustment for patients’ demographic characteristics, residential zip codes, comorbid conditions, and other variables.ResultsOf 1 470 157 ambulance rides, 231 611 (15.8%) went to Veterans Affairs hospitals and 1 238 546 (84.2%) went to non-Veterans Affairs hospitals. The adjusted mortality rate at 30 days was 20.1% lower among patients taken to Veterans Affairs hospitals than among patients taken to non-Veterans Affairs hospitals (9.32 deaths per 100 patients (95% confidence interval 9.15 to 9.50)v11.67 (11.58 to 11.76)). The mortality advantage associated with Veterans Affairs hospitals was particularly large for patients who were black (−25.8%), were Hispanic (−22.7%), and had received care at the same hospital in the previous year.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that within a month of being treated with emergency care at Veterans Affairs hospitals, dually eligible veterans had substantially lower risk of death than those treated at non-Veterans Affairs hospitals. The nature of this mortality advantage warrants further investigation, as does its generalizability to other types of patients and care. Nonetheless, the finding is relevant to assessments of the merit of policies that encourage private healthcare alternatives for veterans.
A mixed-methods study of maternal health care utilisation in six referral hospitals in four sub-Saharan African countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Banke-Thomas Aduragbemi , Semaan Aline , Amongin Dinah , Babah Ochuwa , Dioubate Nafissatou , Kikula Amani , Nakubulwa Sarah , Ogein Olubunmi , Adroma Moses , Anzo Adiga William , Diallo Abdourahmane , Diallo Lamine , Cellou Diallo Mamadou , Maomou Cécé , Mtinangi Nathanael , Sy Telly , Delvaux Therese , Afolabi Bosede Bukola , Delamou Alexandre , Nakimuli Annettee , Pembe Andrea Barnabas , Benova Lenka 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIn sub-Saharan Africa, referral hospitals are important sources of key maternal health services, especially during a crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study prospectively assessed the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal health service utilisation in six large referral hospitals in Guinea, Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda during the first year of the pandemic.MethodsMixed-methods design combining three data sources: (1) quantitative data based on routine antenatal, childbirth and postnatal care data collected March 2019–February 2021, (2) qualitative data from recurring rounds of semi-structured interviews conducted July 2020–February 2021 with 22 maternity skilled heath personnel exploring their perceptions of service utilisation and (3) timeline data of COVID-19 epidemiology, global, national and hospital-level events. Qualitative and quantitative data were analysed separately, framed based on the timeline analysis and triangulated when reporting.ResultsThree periods including a first wave, slow period and second wave were identified. Maternal health service utilisation was lower during the pandemic compared with the prepandemic year in all but one selected referral hospital. During the pandemic, service utilisation was particularly lower during the waves and higher or stable during the slow period. Fear of being infected in hospitals, lack of transportation, and even when available, high cost of transportation and service closures were key reasons affecting utilisation during the waves. However, community perception that the pandemic was over or insinuation by Government of the same appeared to stabilise use of referral hospitals for childbirth.ConclusionUtilisation of maternal health services across the continuum of care varied through the different periods and across countries. In crisis situations such as COVID-19, restrictions and service closures need to be implemented with consideration given to alternative options for women to access and use services. Information on measures put in place for safe hospital use should be communicated to women.
Barriers and facilitators to adopting horizon scanning to identify novel integrated care models: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Nuth Waggestad-Stoa Malin , Traina Gloria , Feiring Eli 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesHorizon scanning methodologies are employed in healthcare to identify and prioritise innovations at the early stages of development processes. To date, horizon scanning has been predominantly applied to early awareness systems of health technologies to facilitate healthcare planning. Still, horizon scanning methodologies may also be relevant for identifying novel healthcare delivery models and interventions. This study aimed to examine perceptions of determinants for adopting horizon scanning in the context of the development of integrated care models.MethodsQualitative semistructured interviews were conducted between March and May 2021. The interviewees (n=10) were participants in innovation projects in the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority. Data were analysed thematically with the aid of a predefined framework adapted from behavioural change theory.ResultsDeterminants of adopting horizon scanning were reported at the individual, organisational and wider institutional levels. Seven domains were perceived to enable or hinder stakeholders’ potential use of horizon scanning: knowledge of structured reviews, skills to perform horizon scanning, beliefs about consequences (validity and reliability of information, outcomes of filtering and priority setting, stakeholder involvement), beliefs about capabilities (technical skills, knowledge of roles and professional identities, organisational regulations), emotions (positivity, engagement, change fatigue), organisational resources (professional library, time, management support), context (complexity of ‘integrated care’, professional hierarchies, legal and political regulations).ConclusionsThis study provides novel insights into potential determinants for adopting horizon scanning to identify, assess and prioritise innovative integrated care models. The findings may assist organisations considering using horizon scanning and inform strategies to mitigate barriers and promote facilitators.
Reference equations for pulmonary diffusing capacity using segmented regression show similar predictive accuracy as GAMLSS models
Authors: Zavorsky Gerald Stanley , Cao Jiguo 
Published: February 2022

PurposeTo determine whether generalised additive models of location, scale and shape (GAMLSS) developed for pulmonary diffusing capacity are superior to segmented (piecewise) regression models, and to update reference equations for pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and nitric oxide (DLNO), which may be affected by the equipment used for its measurement.MethodsData were pooled from five studies that developed reference equations for DLCO and DLNO (n=530 F/546 M; 5–95 years old, body mass index 12.4–39.0 kg/m2). Reference equations were created for DLCO and DLNO using both GAMLSS and segmented linear regression. Cross-validation was applied to compare the prediction accuracy of the two models as follows: 80% of the pooled data were used to create the equations, and the remaining 20% was used to examine the fit. This was repeated 100 times. Then, the root-mean-square error was compared between both models.ResultsIn males, GAMLSS models were 7% worse to 3% better compared to segmented regression for DLCO and DLNO. In females, GAMLSS models were 2% worse to 5% better compared to segmented linear regression for DLCO and DLNO. The Hyp'Air Compact measured DLNO and alveolar volume (VA) that was approximately 16–20 mL/min/mm Hg and 0.2–0.4 L higher, respectively, compared to the Jaeger MasterScreen Pro. The measured DLCO was similar between devices after controlling for altitude.ConclusionsFor the development of pulmonary function reference equations, we propose that segmented linear regression can be used instead of GAMLSS due to its simplicity, especially when the predictive accuracy is similar between the two models, overall.
Towards codesign in respiratory care: development of an implementation-ready intervention to improve guideline-adherent adult asthma care across primary and secondary care settings (The SENTINEL Project)
Authors: Crowther Lucia , Pearson Mark , Cummings Helena , Crooks Michael George 
Published: February 2022

Short-acting beta agonist (SABA) overuse (≥3 canisters annually) is associated with worse asthma outcomes and accounts for the majority of greenhouse gas emissions from asthma inhalers in England. Reducing SABA overuse aligns with the National Health Service long-term plan to optimise asthma treatment while minimising environmental impact, but adoption of local asthma guidelines for a SABA-free maintenance and reliever therapy strategy for step 3 asthma patients is limited. In thisPerspective,we describe patient and staff involvement in a codesign process adapted from experience-based codesign (EBCD) principles to develop an implementation-ready intervention within a practice-relevant timescale.The codesigned intervention consists of five pillars: healthcare professional education; implementation of ‘gold standard’ prescribing practices; targeted asthma reviews; patient education and support; and real-time data monitoring and reporting of asthma care metrics. The codesign process contributed to all pillars and, by identifying potential individual and organisational barriers to implementation, enabled the development of plans to address these barriers.In thisPerspective,we reflect on the strengths and weaknesses of our codesign process, outline how EBCD principles can be used in respiratory research and propose actions for patients, health professionals, researchers and funders to develop the potential of EBCD in respiratory research.