bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1159. Treatment experience of regdanvimab for mild to moderate COVID-19 hospitalized patients in the Delta variant-predominant period in Korea
Authors: Kwak Yee Gyung , Song Je Eun , Lee Myung Jin , Kim Baek-Nam 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Regdanvimab is the only monoclonal antibody available in Korea that targets the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2. Although the efficacy of regdanvimab against the original and beta variant viruses was demonstrated, it remains uncertain whether it has therapeutic effect on delta variant in the real world.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated the characteristics and clinical outcome of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and treated with regdanvimab in two university-affiliated hospitals between September and December 2021, during the delta variant-predominant period in Korea.

Results
A total of 374 mild to moderate COVID-19 patients treated with regdanvimab were included in this study. The median age was 65 (interquartile range, IQR 17-92) and 178 (47.6%) patients were male. A total of 322 (86.1%) patients had median 2 (IQR 1-3) risk factors for disease progression. The most common underlying disease was cardiovascular disease (198, 52.9%), followed by diabetes mellitus (95, 25.4%), cancer (40, 10.7%), chronic lung disease (34, 9.1%), immunosuppression (1 7, 4.5%), and chronic kidney disease (12, 3.2%). There were 43 (11.5%) patients with a body mass index ≥ 30. The median time to regdanvimab treatment from symptom onset was 4 (IQR 2-6) days. 226 (60.4%) patients were fully vaccinated, and 109 (29.1%) were not vaccinated at all. 185 (49.5%) patients had pneumonia. Most (342/374, 91.4%) patients improved without any other treatment for COVID-19 and were discharged. Only 32 (8.6%) patients required other therapeutic agents such as remdesivir, corticosteroids or oxygen therapy after regdanvimab administration. The time from regdanvimab infusion to addition of other therapeutic agents was median 5 days (IQR 3-6.5). When comparing the characteristics of 32 patients who needed other treatment with those who improved only with regdanvimab treatment, there was a significant difference in the presence of pneumonia (27/32, 84.4% vs. 158/342, 46.2%, P&lt; 0.001) and there was no significant difference in vaccination status (15/32, 46.9% vs. 211/342 61.7% P=0.101).

Conclusion
This study shows the potential clinical benefits of regdanvimab in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients in the real world during the delta variant predominant period in Korea.

Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures.
1161. Vaccination During Acute COVID-19 Infection Protects Against 30 Day Adverse Outcomes
Authors: Casazza Julia A , Turer Robert W , Saleh Sameh N , Pickering Madison , Diaz Marlon , Ho Milan , Shah Pankil , Shah Dimpy , Lehmann Christoph U , Thakur Bhaskar , Medford Richard J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Therapeutic vaccination following SARS-CoV-2 infection might stimulate anti-viral immunity and improve patient outcomes. We investigated, amongst previously unvaccinated patients, whether vaccination with the Pfizer, Moderna, or Johnson & Johnson vaccines within 14 days of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test affected 30-day patient outcomes.

Methods
Using a deidentified national electronic health record dataset (Optum, Inc.), we identified previously unvaccinated patients who tested positive for COVID-19 between 12/11/2020 and 12/19/2021. Among this cohort, 1,909 patients received a first vaccine dose within 14 days (vaccinated) while 446,309 did not receive a first dose of vaccine within 30 days of their first positive test (unvaccinated). We performed 1:1 propensity score matching based on age, gender, race, ethnicity, region, BMI, insurance, and comorbidities from the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Next, we compared odds of severe outcomes within 30 days between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups using a partial proportional odds model with the following ordinal severity outcome: no hospitalization, hospitalization, ICU stay, or death (Stata version 17.0, α = 0.05).

Results
1,909 vaccinated patients were propensity score-matched to 1,909 unvaccinated patients. The final matched cohort was statistically indistinguishable (p &gt; 0.05) for all metrics used in propensity score calculation. This matched cohort (n = 3,818) was 58.6% female, 67.7% white, 12.6% Hispanic, and 56.4% commercially insured, with a mean age of 50.6 years and a similar comorbidity profile. A partial proportional odds model showed that unvaccinated patients were at increased risk for hospitalization and higher ordered outcomes (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.02-1.39), ICU stay and higher ordered outcomes (OR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.21-2.20), and death (OR 4.57, 95% CI: 2.50-8.37).

Conclusion
Among previously unvaccinated patients, those who received a first dose vaccine within 14 days of a positive COVID-19 test were less likely to experience hospitalization, ICU stay, or death compared to matched peers who did not receive a first dose in the acute phase of infection. The sample size of patients vaccinated during the acute phase is limited, so further studies are indicated to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this practice.

Disclosures
Christoph U. Lehmann, MD, FAAP, FACMI, FIAHSI, Celanese: Stocks/Bonds|Markel: Stocks/Bonds|Springer: Honoraria.
Work and Time
Authors: Adams Zoe 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapters 4, 5, and 6 all explore the implications of the way in which the boundaries of the labour commodity are constructed in law, focusing on the boundaries it constructs between work and non-work on one hand, and work and worker on the other. This chapter traces these boundaries through their articulation in the context of the evolution of working time regulation, paying close attention to the implications of a juridical conception of work that conceptualizes the latter through the lens of contractually mediated control over time. The chapter provides a detailed analysis of working time in the context of factory legislation, tracing its evolution to the present day in the context of the Working Time Regulations 1998, as influenced by EU law. The chapter uses this analysis to shed light on recent trends in the organization of work, including trends towards casualization, fragmentation, and overwork, and how this tends to ‘invisibilize’ certain forms of, or periods of, work, with not insignificant distributive implications.
Odonata as indicators of pollution, habitat quality, and landscape disturbance
Authors: Šigutová Hana , Dolný Aleš , Samways Michael J. , Sönke Hardersen , José Max Oliveira- Junior , Juen Leandro , Dinh Khuong Van , Bried Jason T. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Odonata have well resolved taxonomy, conspicuous diurnal adults, contact with aquatic and terrestrial environments, and a broad range of environmental sensitivity across species, making them a valuable group for environmental appraisals. Odonate nymphs are commonly tested in aquatic ecotoxicological and bioaccumulation studies and often applied with other aquatic macroinvertebrate taxa in pollution-based biotic indices. Some of the more recent work aims to explain the evolutionary context of contamination risk and to increase mechanistic understanding of contaminant effects. Adults or exuviae are typically featured in habitat quality assessments with tools such as the Dragonfly Biotic Index, regional lotic quality indices, and coarse taxonomic metrics that will be especially useful in regions lacking descriptions and keys. Adults are further being used in landscape disturbance assessments where removal of non-breeding occurrences can reduce noise and strengthen signal. The future may move toward macro-ecological health assessments enabled by extensive citizen science and vulnerability trait data.
Theocratic Secularism
Authors: Ghobadzadeh Naser 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This book articulates a religious rationale for political secularism in the Iranian/Shīʿī context. The genealogy of Twelver Shīʿī political theology shows that the bitter experience and lack of success of the Shīʿa in governance during the early centuries of Islamic history led them to link the realization of their ideal political system to transcendental factors. Belief in theocracy has been the basis of Shīʿī political theology, but with the messianic conception of the twelfth Imām in the fourth/tenth century, its realization came to depend on divine will and intervention. As a result, Shīʿī leaders, while awaiting the return of the twelfth Imām, not only do not have the authority or responsibility to take over government but have been forbidden to do so. For more than thirteen hundred years, the political thought and action of Shīʿī religious leaders were shaped by the political theology formulated in this book as theocratic secularism. In opposition to orthodox Shīʿī theology, a new politico-religious discourse emerged at the initiative of Ayatollah Khomeini toward the end of the twentieth century, referred to in this book as governmental Shīʿism. Governmental Shīʿism considers the occupation of the government apparatus as the duty of Shīʿī religious leaders. This book argues that governmental Shīʿism was neither the product of a theological transformation of Shīʿī orthodoxy nor used as a blueprint to establish the Islamic Republic. Rather, the formation of the Islamic Republic and the clergy’s rise to power led to the birth of governmental Shīʿism and bestowed importance on Khomeini’s wilāyat-i faqīh doctrine.
The Age of Perplexity
Authors: Ghobadzadeh Naser 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter shows that Shīʿism experienced an epistemic transformation in the first century of the Major Occultation. The compilation of ḥadīth collections played a role in shaping this epistemic transformation, as it was through these collections that Shīʿī thinkers began to engage in discourse production. It will be argued that a considerable proportion of the fundamental elements of Shīʿī political theology were formed at this time. Among these elements were the transfer of the religious and political authority of the Imāms to the ʿulamāʾ, the fixing of the number of Imāms at twelve, and the messianic conceptualization of the twelfth Imām. In fact, it was with the messianic conceptualization of the twelfth Imām that theocratic secularism was embedded in Shīʿī theology in the form that has persisted until the present day. This conceptualization transformed the nature of the Shīʿa’s hope and expectation about the formation of the ideal Shīʿī government from a concrete hope for the here and now to a distant anticipation of an unknown future time dependent on transcendental factors.
Conceptualizing the International Policing Agenda
Authors: Sinclair Georgina 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter sets out the historical framework outlining the what and the types of activities of international policing, its investigation within the Western literature, the terminology and concepts encapsulated (including transnational policing, global policing, democratic police reform, capacity building), and their interpretation by theorists (academics) and practitioners. The chapter introduces the nature of international policing as part of wider processes of policing assistance within peace operations, police assistance to other countries under the umbrella international development, and broader security sector reform (including police reform). It provides an overview of key overlapping trends including pre-1989 UK police history, international aid and development, and the commercialization of policing.
The UK Policing Brand in Historical Context
Authors: Sinclair Georgina 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter considers UK policing history through the development of two policing models—English/civil and Irish/colonial—from the nineteenth century to the present day, and outlines key reforms and historical contexts that have contributed to a multifaceted UK policing brand. It explores the myths and realities of UK policing through Whig and revisionist histories, from the emergence of the ‘New Police’ in London and the Irish Constabulary in Ireland; the model for the British colonial policing. This chapter considers the cross-fertilization of both policing models through the case study of the Ceylon Police in the nineteenth century and, post-Second World War international policing advisors and UK support to missions including Germany, Italy, Greece, Columbia, and Vietnam, and looks at how the export of UK policing resulted in a ‘pick-and-mix’ approach for either English or Irish policing styles. While an English notion of policing with historical links to its pseudo-Peelian origins theoretically prevailed, the importance of an Irish tradition of policing grew and circulated across the British Isles, empire, and commonwealth and was reinforced by the history of policing in Northern Ireland. It further explores the cross-fertilization of both policing models that have become part of the UK policing offer internationally post 1989: England and Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.
UK Policing in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Libya
Authors: Sinclair Georgina 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
9/11 and the global war on terror cemented security sector reform within foreign and security policies. This chapter looks at the continuing UK support for hostile environment and post-conflict policing through the case studies of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Libya. It considers how international policing involved the whole spectrum of UK policing including MDP who supported the military and services police under Operation Herrick. The case studies consider the extent to which the UK was able to meet ‘demand’ with the growth in international missions at the planning and operational stages. This focused particularly on senior-ranking officers to fill posts that held strategic priority for the UK (Iraq and Afghanistan) in contrast to United Nations missions that were rankless. The limited uniformed presence in planning and delivery for the post-intervention phase underlined a critical gap in the UK government’s approach to security sector reform as highlighted in the Iraq Inquiry. The numbers of officers volunteering for overseas missions declined due to the lack of benefits to their official career pathway and promotion prospects and opportunities for police contracting rose exponentially at this time.
Athenian Ostracism and its Original Purpose
Authors: Węcowski Marek 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Athenian Ostracism and its Original Purpose. A Prisoner’s Dilemma is the first book in English about Athenian ostracism, by far the most emblematic institution of Athenian democracy, in many decades. It offers a reassessment of ostraka (or potsherds, on which the names of the ‘candidates’ for exile were inscribed by citizens) from several Greek cities outside Athens, a reconstruction of the history and of the procedure of ostracism in Athens, and a comprehensive account of the political circumstances of the introduction of the law about ostracism by Cleisthenes in 508/507 bc. The novelty of the book is its focus on the entire operation procedure of this institution, whereas earlier scholarship concentrated mainly on its last step, i.e., on the day of the vote of ostraka. Following the logic of the political play in Athens between the first and the last stage of ostracism, it is argued that Athenian ostracism was a mechanism devised to impose compromise on the main political players of the Athenian political life. Otherwise, the entire political elite of Athens would be randomly punished by the Athenian people, by exiling one of the leading politicians in an unpredictable vote by huge masses of citizenry. To support this hypothesis, the author turns to the theory of the ‘evolution of cooperation’ as formulated by the American mathematician and political scientist Robert Axelrod based on the ‘iteratated prisoner’s dilemma’ in game theory—as a probabilistic analogy to the dynamics of Athenian political life under democracy.
Remarkably high rate of meiotic recombination in the fission yeastSchizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Lian Qichao , Maestroni Laetitia , Gaudin Maxime , Llorente Bertrand , Mercier Raphael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn most eukaryotes, the number of meiotic crossovers (COs) is limited to 1–3 per chromosome, which are prevented from occurring close to one another by CO interference. The fission yeastSchizosaccharomyces pombe, an exception to this general rule, lacks CO interference and seems to have the highest CO number per chromosome. However, global CO frequency was indirectly estimated in this species, raising doubts about this exceptional recombination level. Here, we used an innovative strategy to directly determine COs genome-wide inS. pombe. We confirm the absence of crossover interference and reveal the presence of co-variation in CO number across chromosomes within tetrads, suggesting that a limiting pro-CO factor varies stochastically between meiocytes. CO number per chromosome varies linearly with chromosome size, with the three chromosomes having, on average, 15.9, 12.5, and 7.0 COs, respectively. This is significantly lower than previous estimates but reinforcesS. pombe’sexceptional status as the eukaryote with the highest CO number per chromosome described to date and among the species with the highest rate of COs per unit of DNA.
Impact of mixing between parallel year groups on genomic prediction in Atlantic salmon breeding programmes under random selection
Authors: Kokkinias Panagiotis , Hamilton Alastair , Houston Ross , Haley Chris , Pong-Wong Ricardo , Navarro Pau 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA commercial breeding programme in Atlantic salmon utilises a four-year generation interval with four parallel breeding populations. In this study, we develop a computer simulation of a salmon breeding programme and explore the impact of gene flow between the parallel year groups on the accuracy of genomic prediction within and between breeding lines. We simulated four parallel lines for 10 discrete generations with random selection and different mixing rates between parallel year groups. The genetic distance between fish (as a measure of diversity) and the accuracy of estimated genomic breeding values were used as criteria of comparison. With no mixing the genetic distance increased between populations, the genetic variation within populations decreased and there was no increase in accuracy when combining data across populations. Even a low percentage of mixing decreased the genetic distance between populations and increased the genetic variation within populations. The higher the percentage of mixing the faster the lines became more similar. The accuracy of prediction climbed as the percentage of mixing increased. The increase in accuracy from the combined evaluation approach compared to the within evaluation approach was greater with an increased percentage of mixing. In conclusion, if there is no gene flow between populations the lines drift apart and there is no value in combining information across populations for genomic breeding value prediction. Only a low amount of mixing between lines brings the lines closer together and facilitates the use of information across lines to improve breeding value prediction. Optimising gene flow between lines should be an integral part of salmon breeding programme design.
Development and validation of MedDRA Tagger: a tool for extraction and structuring medical information from clinical notes
Authors: Humbert-Droz Marie , Corley Jessica , Tamang Suzanne , Gevaert Olivier 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTRapid and automated extraction of clinical information from patients’ notes is a desirable though difficult task. Natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning have great potential to automate and accelerate such applications, but developing such models can require a large amount of labeled clinical text, which can be a slow and laborious process. To address this gap, we propose the MedDRA tagger, a fast annotation tool that makes use of industrial level libraries such as spaCy, biomedical ontologies and weak supervision to annotate and extract clinical concepts at scale. The tool can be used to annotate clinical text and obtain labels for training machine learning models and further refine the clinical concept extraction performance, or to extract clinical concepts for observational study purposes. To demonstrate the usability and versatility of our tool, we present three different use cases: we use the tagger to determine patients with a primary brain cancer diagnosis, we show evidence of rising mental health symptoms at the population level and our last use case shows the evolution of COVID-19 symptomatology throughout three waves between February 2020 and October 2021. The validation of our tool showed good performance on both specific annotations from our development set (F1 score 0.81) and open source annotated data set (F1 score 0.79). We successfully demonstrate the versatility of our pipeline with three different use cases. Finally, we note that the modular nature of our tool allows for a straightforward adaptation to another biomedical ontology. We also show that our tool is independent of EHR system, and as such generalizable.
Jade Sdn Bhd: should it acquire Tulip Garden Hotel?
Authors: Derashid Chek , Abdullah Zarifah , Ahmad Halimah@Nasibah , Saad Natrah , Ahmad Ayoib Che , Muralidhara G.V. 
Published: December 2022

Learning outcomes
▪ Perform relevant analysis (financial and non-financial) related to investment decision-making.
▪ Make decision based on the analysis.

Case overview/synopsis
Jade Sdn. Bhd. (JADE), since its establishment, has been mainly involved in providing services in facility management and cleaning services. Apart from these main services, JADE was also involved in hospitality management, travel and tours, and agribusiness. The current involvements were already varied, and the Board was thinking of furthering the diversification activity to generate more revenues. As the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of JADE, Ahmad was required to conduct the necessary analysis and provide his recommendation to the Board whether JADE should proceed with the purchase of Tulip Garden Hotel (TULIP). He had one month to act before proposing his recommendation to the Board.

Complexity academic level
Undergraduate and Postgraduate

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 1: Accounting and Finance.
Modi Mangoes: managing an uncertain future
Authors: Pandey Peeyush , Ashvinbhai Patel Jinil , Singh Yushmita , Mittal Tania , Goel Ishank , Mehta Bharat Kumar , Tapas Sayali 
Published: December 2022

Learning outcomes
The case primarily focused on a real-life problem and shows that existing operations management tools can be used to solve a complex problem. Through this case, the participants will learn the application of the factor loading method and aggregate planning.

Case overview/synopsis
This case revolves around the Modi Agro Pvt. Ltd, a mango procurement and distribution business established in 1994 by Mr Dhanush Modi in Mumbai, India. Mr Mahendra Modi, son of the company owner, observed that the different seasons of cultivation and varied customer demands lead to changing workforce requirements during the procurement process. In addition, the production quality, variety, available resources, procurement location and cost play a significant role in establishing a long-term relationship with the customers. This case highlights the problem faced by Mahendra in determining an appropriate location among all available options for mango procurement and the optimal workforce for each month to meet the varying customers’ demands.

Complexity academic level
The case can be used as teaching material for participants of the course Service Operations Management, Operations Management, Decision Analysis and Quantitative Techniques

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 9: Operations and logistics.