bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust dissimilarity comparisons with categorical outcomes
Authors: Andreoli Francesco , Zoli Claudio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe analysis of many phenomena requires partitioning societies into groups and studying the extent at which these groups are distributed with different intensities across relevant non-ordered categorical outcomes. When the groups are similarly distributed, their members have equal chances to achieve any of the attainable outcomes. Otherwise, a form of dissimilarity between groups distributions prevails. We characterize axiomatically the dissimilarity partial order of multi-group distributions defined over categorical outcomes. The main result provides an equivalent representation of this partial order by the ranking of multi-group distributions originating from the inclusion of their zonotope representations. The zonotope inclusion criterion refines (that is, is implied by) majorization conditions that are largely adopted in mainstream approaches to multi-group segregation or univariate and multivariate inequality analysis.
State dependence of arousal from torpor in brown long-eared bats (Plecotus auritus)
Authors: Sørås Rune , Fjelldal Mari Aas , Bech Claus , van der Kooij Jeroen , Skåra Karoline H. , Eldegard Katrine , Stawski Clare 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo cope with periods of low food availability and unsuitable environmental conditions (e.g., short photoperiod or challenging weather), many heterothermic mammals can readily go into torpor to save energy. However, torpor also entails several potential costs, and quantitative energetics can, therefore, be influenced by the individual state, such as available energy reserves. We studied the thermal energetics of brown long-eared bats (Plecotus auritus) in the northern part of its distributional range, including torpor entry, thermoregulatory ability during torpor and how they responded metabolically to an increasing ambient temperature (Ta) during arousal from torpor. Torpor entry occurred later in bats with higher body mass (Mb). During torpor, only 10 out of 21 bats increased oxygen consumption (V̇O2) to a greater extent above the mean torpor metabolic rates (TMR) when exposed to low Ta. The slope of the torpid thermoregulatory curve was shallower than that of resting metabolic rate (RMR) during normothermic conditions, indicating a higher thermal insulation during torpor. During exposure to an increasing Ta, all bats increased metabolic rate exponentially, but the bats with higher Mb aroused at a lower Ta than those with lower Mb. In bats with low Mb, arousal was postponed to an Ta above the lower critical temperature of the thermoneutral zone. Our results demonstrate that physiological traits, which are often considered fixed, can be more flexible than previously assumed and vary with individual state. Thus, future studies of thermal physiology should to a greater extent take individual state-dependent effects into account.
Position Statement of the Union of European Phoniatricians (UEP): Fees and Phoniatricians’ Role in Multidisciplinary and Multiprofessional Dysphagia Management Team
Authors: Denk-Linnert Doris-Maria , Farneti Daniele , Nawka Tadeus , am Zehnhoff-Dinnesen Antoinette , Moerman Mieke , Zorowka Patrick , Farahat Mohamed , Schindler Antonio , Geneid Ahmed 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe need for multidisciplinary and multiprofessional management of dysphagia is constantly increasing and creating a major challenge for healthcare professionals and society, especially in terms of professional expertise and human resources. The distribution of tasks among the dysphagia team members, which includes phoniatricians, otolaryngologists, and speech-language therapists, is flexible and overlapping. For assessing dysphagia, the (fibreoptic) flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES), with or without videofluoroscopy, is a pivotal diagnostic tool. This position paper aims to illustrate the phoniatrician’s role in performing a FEES, which is an indispensable component of the diagnostic workup of patients suffering from oropharyngeal dysphagia. It is based on the current collaborative expert view of the Swallowing Committee of the Union of European Phoniatricians and a literature review. A FEES is one of the core competences of phoniatricians due to their endoscopic expertise and experience in the field of dysphagia and diseases of the upper aerodigestive tract. Therefore, the phoniatrician is an important member of the dysphagia team, for the medical diagnostics of the aerodigestive tract and dysphagia as well as for FEES. Phoniatric competence is especially important for head and neck cancer patients, infants, and complex cases.
Proxemic behavior in navigation tasks using reinforcement learning
Authors: Millán-Arias Cristian , Fernandes Bruno , Cruz Francisco 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHuman interaction starts with a person approaching another one, respecting their personal space to prevent uncomfortable feelings. Spatial behavior, called proxemics, allows defining an acceptable distance so that the interaction process begins appropriately. In recent decades, human-agent interaction has been an area of interest for researchers, where it is proposed that artificial agents naturally interact with people. Thus, new alternatives are needed to allow optimal communication, avoiding humans feeling uncomfortable. Several works consider proxemic behavior with cognitive agents, where human-robot interaction techniques and machine learning are implemented. However, it is assumed that the personal space is fixed and known in advance, and the agent is only expected to make an optimal trajectory toward the person. In this work, we focus on studying the behavior of a reinforcement learning agent in a proxemic-based environment. Experiments were carried out implementing a grid-world problem and a continuous simulated robotic approaching environment. These environments assume that there is an issuer agent that provides non-conformity information. Our results suggest that the agent can identify regions where the issuer feels uncomfortable and find the best path to approach the issuer. The results obtained highlight the usefulness of reinforcement learning in order to identify proxemic regions.
Individual tree crown delineation in high-resolution remote sensing images based on U-Net
Authors: Freudenberg Maximilian , Magdon Paul , Nölke Nils 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe present a deep learning-based framework for individual tree crown delineation in aerial and satellite images. This is an important task, e.g., for forest yield or carbon stock estimation. In contrast to earlier work, the presented method creates irregular polygons instead of bounding boxes and also provides a tree cover mask for areas that are not separable. Furthermore, it is trainable with low amounts of training data and does not need 3D height information from, e.g., laser sensors. We tested the approach in two scenarios: (1) with 30 cm WorldView-3 satellite imagery from an urban region in Bengaluru, India, and (2) with 5 cm aerial imagery of a densely forested area near Gartow, Germany. The intersection over union between the reference and predicted tree cover mask is 71.2% for the satellite imagery and 81.9% for the aerial images. On the polygon level, the method reaches an accuracy of 46.3% and a recall of 63.7% in the satellite images and an accuracy of 52% and recall of 66.2% in the aerial images, which is comparable to previous works that only predicted bounding boxes. Depending on the image resolution, limitations to separate individual tree crowns occur in situations where trees are hardly separable even for human image interpreters (e.g., homogeneous canopies, very small trees). The results indicate that the presented approach can efficiently delineate individual tree crowns in high-resolution optical images. Given the high availability of such imagery, the framework provides a powerful tool for tree monitoring. The source code and pretrained weights are publicly available at https://github.com/AWF-GAUG/TreeCrownDelineation.
Neue Kompetenzverteilungen der Bundesregierung im Klimaschutz
Authors: Kloepfer Michael 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungMit Gründung der neuen “Ampel”-Bundesregierung ging auch eine neue Kompetenzverteilung
im Klimaschutz einher. Mit dem Organisationserlass des Bundeskanzlers vom 8. Dezember 2021 wurde die Aufgabenerweiterung
des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft um den Klimaschutz und seine damit verbundene Umbenennung zum
Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz (BMWK) festgeschrieben. Damit ging eine entsprechende
Reduktion der bisherigen Klimaschutzzuständigkeiten des Bundesumweltministeriums einher. Gleichzeitig
wurde diesem aber die Verantwortlichkeit für den Verbraucherschutz, welcher bisher beim Bundesjustizministerium
lag, übertragen. Auf diese Weise wurde aus dem Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und
nukleare Sicherheit das Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, nukleare Sicherheit und Verbraucherschutz
(BMUV). Das Auswärtige Amt hat mit dem Organisationserlass explizite besondere Zuständigkeiten
im Klimaschutz erhalten, und zwar die Zuständigkeit für die Internationale Klimapolitik, die Klimaaußenpolitik.
Im vorliegenden Beitrag soll diese neue Kompetenzverteilung im Klimaschutz auf der Ebene der Bundesregierung
analysiert und bewertet werden, insbesondere im Hinblick auf ihre allgemeine Bedeutung für die Umweltpolitik.
Im ersten Schritt erfolgt dafür eine Einordnung der Klimaschutzkompetenzen, welche sich vor allem zwischen
Umwelt- und Wirtschaftsministerium bewegen (1.). Anschließend werden mögliche Folgen dieser Neuordnung
eingeordnet (2.) und im letzten Schritt die neue Kompetenzverteilung, auch im Hinblick darauf, einer Wertung
unterzogen (3.).
Computer Model-Driven Design in Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Loerakker Sandra , Humphrey Jay D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractContinuing advances in genomics, molecular and cellular mechanobiology and immunobiology, including transcriptomics and proteomics, and biomechanics increasingly reveal the complexity underlying native tissue and organ structure and function. Identifying methods to repair, regenerate, or replace vital tissues and organs remains one of the greatest challenges of modern biomedical engineering, one that deserves our very best effort. Notwithstanding the continuing need for improving standard methods of investigation, including cell, organoid, and tissue culture, biomaterials development and fabrication, animal models, and clinical research, it is increasingly evident that modern computational methods should play increasingly greater roles in advancing the basic science, bioengineering, and clinical application of regenerative medicine. This brief review focuses on the development and application of computational models of tissue and organ mechanobiology and mechanics for purposes of designing tissue engineered constructs and understanding their development in vitro and in situ. Although the basic approaches are general, for illustrative purposes we describe two recent examples from cardiovascular medicine—tissue engineered heart valves (TEHVs) and tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs)—to highlight current methods of approach as well as continuing needs.
Trajectory Planning and Optimization for Minimizing Uncertainty in Persistent Monitoring Applications
Authors: Ostertag Michael , Atanasov Nikolay , Rosing Tajana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper considers persistent monitoring of environmental phenomena using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The objective is to generate periodic dynamically feasible UAV trajectories that minimize the estimation uncertainty at a set of points of interest in the environment. We develop an optimization algorithm that iterates between determining the observation periods for a set of ordered points of interest and optimizing a continuous UAV trajectory to meet the required observation periods and UAV dynamics constraints. The interest-point visitation order is determined using a Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), followed by a greedy optimization algorithm to determine the number of observations that minimizes the maximum steady-state eigenvalue of a Kalman filter estimator. Given the interest-point observation periods and visitation order, a minimum-jerk trajectory is generated from a bi-level optimization, formulated as a convex quadratically constrained quadratic program. The resulting B-spline trajectory is guaranteed to be feasible, meeting the observation duration, maximum velocity and acceleration, region enter and exit constraints. The feasible trajectories outperform existing methods by achieving comparable observability at up to 47% higher travel speeds, resulting in lower maximum estimation uncertainty.
Effects of dietary supplementation of chromium methionine chelate on growth performance, oxidative stress, hematological indices, and carcass traits of broiler chickens
Authors: Youssef Ibrahim M. I. , Abdo Ibrahim M. I. , Elsukkary Hassan F. A. , El-Kady Magdy F. , Elsayed Magdy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the dietary effects of chromium methionine (Cr-Meth) chelate on growth performance, oxidative stress parameters, blood biochemistry, and carcass traits of broiler chickens. An experiment was conducted on 34,000 1-day-old straight-run broiler chicks (Indian River; 42.0 ± 0.03) at a commercial farm. The chicks were divided randomly into 3 groups; the first group contained 17,000 birds, which used as a control, whereas the second and third groups consisted of 7000 and 10,000 birds, respectively, with 5 replicates per group. A completely randomized design was used. The birds were fed the experimental diets containing graded levels of Cr-Meth chelate: 0 (control), 50, and 100 g/ton. This compound consisted of chromium (0.4%) chelated with methionine, and it supply the diets with 200 and 400 ppb Cr for the used levels of 50 and 100 g/ton feed, respectively. Growth performance indices (body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio) were measured throughout the experiment. At the end of experiment, 10 birds per treatment were slaughtered, and the carcass yield with relative weight of the internal organs was determined. Also, blood samples were taken and analyzed for glutathione peroxidase activity, malondialdehyde, ALT, AST, total protein, albumin, glucose, urea, creatinine, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. It was found that Cr-Meth improved the body weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio of broilers. Moreover, it reduced the mortality rate of birds. The chelated chromium can alleviate the oxidative status of birds by increasing the plasma glutathione peroxidase activity and reducing the serum malondialdehyde level. It was observed that the effects of 100 g/ton Cr-Meth chelate on performance indices, mortality rate, and oxidative stress parameters were better than that of 50 g/ton inclusion rate. Supplementation of Cr-Meth increased the total protein level, but reduced the glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations in the blood serum. In addition, it increased the carcass yield and reduced the abdominal fat percentage of the birds’ carcass. Therefore, chromium can be included in diets of broilers at a rate of 200 to 400 ppb, and the higher concentration was more effective than the lower one. So, it can be recommended to use Cr-Meth chelate in broiler diets at 100 g/ton to improve the productive performance and reduce the oxidative stress of birds.
Towards the smart and sustainable transformation of Reverse Logistics 4.0: a conceptualization and research agenda
Authors: Sun Xu , Yu Hao , Solvang Wei Deng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe recent advancement of digitalization and information and communication technology (ICT) has not only shifted the manufacturing paradigm towards the Fourth Industrial Revolution, namely Industry 4.0, but also provided opportunities for a smart logistics transformation. Despite studies have focused on improving the smartness, connectivity, and autonomy of isolated logistics operations with a primary focus on the forward channels, there is still a lack of a systematic conceptualization to guide the coming paradigm shift of reverse logistics, for instance, how “individualization” and “service innovation” should be interpreted in a smart reverse logistics context? To fill this gap, Reverse logistics 4.0 is defined, from a holistic perspective, in this paper to offer a systematic analysis of the technological impact of Industry 4.0 on reverse logistics. Based on the reported research and case studies from the literature, the conceptual framework of smart reverse logistics transformation is proposed to link Industry 4.0 enablers, smart service and operation transformation, and targeted sustainability goals. A smart reverse logistics architecture is also given to allow a high level of system integration enabled by intelligent devices and smart portals, autonomous robots, and advanced analytical tools, where the value of technological innovations can be exploited to solve various reverse logistics problems. Thus, the contribution of this research lies, through conceptual development, in presenting a clear roadmap and research agenda for the reverse logistics transformation in Industry 4.0.
High polygenic risk score for exceptional longevity is associated with a healthy metabolic profile
Authors: Revelas Mary , Thalamuthu Anbupalam , Zettergren Anna , Oldmeadow Christopher , Najar Jenna , Seidu Nazib M. , Armstrong Nicola J. , Riveros Carlos , Kwok John B. , Schofield Peter R. , Trollor Julian N. , Waern Margda , Wright Margaret J. , Zetterberg Henrik , Ames David , Belnnow Kaj , Brodaty Henry , Scott Rodney J. , Skoog Ingmar , Attia John R. , Sachdev Perminder S. , Mather Karen A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHealthy metabolic measures in humans are associated with longevity. Dysregulation leads to metabolic syndrome (MetS) and negative health outcomes. Recent exceptional longevity (EL) genome wide association studies have facilitated estimation of an individual’s polygenic risk score (PRS) for EL. We tested the hypothesis that individuals with high ELPRS have a low prevalence of MetS. Participants were from five cohorts of middle-aged to older adults. The primary analyses were performed in the UK Biobank (UKBB) (n = 407,800, 40–69 years). Replication analyses were undertaken using three Australian studies: Hunter Community Study (n = 2122, 55–85 years), Older Australian Twins Study (n = 539, 65–90 years) and Sydney Memory and Ageing Study (n = 925, 70–90 years), as well as the Swedish Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies (n = 2273, 70–93 years). MetS was defined using established criteria. Regressions and meta-analyses were performed with the ELPRS and MetS and its components. Generally, MetS prevalence (22–30%) was higher in the older cohorts. In the UKBB, high EL polygenic risk was associated with lower MetS prevalence (OR = 0.94,p = 1.84 × 10–42) and its components (p < 2.30 × 10–8). Meta-analyses of the replication cohorts showed nominal associations with MetS (p = 0.028) and 3 MetS components (p < 0.05). This work suggests individuals with a high polygenic risk for EL have a healthy metabolic profile promoting longevity.
Messung von Unterrichtsplanungskompetenz im Fach Sachunterricht: Empirische Befunde zur Kompetenzentwicklung angehender Grundschullehrkräfte auf Grundlage einer mehrdimensionalen Kompetenzstruktur
Authors: Kirsch Alexander 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungIm vorliegenden Beitrag werden nach ausführlicher theoretischer Diskussion des Kompetenzbegriffs und der Definition von Kompetenz als Können ein Modell sachunterrichtlicher Planungskompetenz sowie ein daran anschließendes Messinstrument vorgestellt. Im Hinblick auf den Einsatz dieses Instrumentes im Rahmen einer Evaluation des nordrhein-westfälischen Praxissemesters stellen sich Fragen nach der psychometrischen Struktur der Testauswertung. Da das Instrument sowohl zur Testung von Sachunterrichtsstudierenden mit dem Lehramtsprofil ‚Grundschule‘ als auch von Sachunterrichtsstudierenden mit sonderpädagogischem Schwerpunkt eingesetzt werden soll, ist zu zeigen, dass die Testergebnisse nicht durch den gewählten Studiengang beeinflusst werden. Im Beitrag werden Rohdaten aus einer Studie an der Universität Paderborn (n = 121) genutzt, um eine fünfdimensionale Modellstruktur gegen eine eindimensionale zu testen und empirisch gestützte Argumente für eine mehrdimensionale Skalierung zu generieren. Durch Differential-Item-Functioning-Analysen wird geprüft, ob die Itemschwierigkeiten mit dem Merkmal ‚Studiengang‘ interagieren, sodass sie sich trotz gleicher Kompetenzausprägung für Untersuchungsteilnehmende beider Studierendengruppen signifikant unterscheiden und zu einer diagnostischen Verzerrung führen würden. Abschließend wird der beispielhafte Einsatz des Instrumentes im Rahmen einer Wirksamkeitsanalyse in Bezug die Effektivität des nordrhein-westfälischen Praxissemesters an der Universität Paderborn (n = 26) dargelegt. Aus den differenzierten Ergebnissen werden unter anderem erste Hinweise auf Defizite in der Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerausbildung abgeleitet.
Unilateral Agenesis of Diaphragm with Bilateral Renal Agenesis: An Anomaly Diagnosed Prenatally During a NT Scan (11–14 Weeks)
Authors: Shashi Kumar N. S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnilateral agenesis of the diaphragm with bilateral renal agenesis is an extremely rare lethal developmental anomaly. A detailed evaluation of fetal organs during nuchal translucency scan is required to diagnose this type of developmental anomaly. Detecting lethal developmental abnormality at an early gestational period (11–14 weeks) will be invaluable in facilitating the decision to terminate the pregnancy. Termination in the first trimester reduces psychological stress to the parents. We present a rare case of combined developmental anomaly which has never been reported in the literature.
Fertility predicts self-development-oriented competitiveness in naturally cycling women but not hormonal contraceptive users
Authors: Arthur Lindsie C. , Blake Khandis R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveA growing body of research has begun investigating the relationship between hormones and female competitiveness. Many researchers have focused on the effect of the menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptives. Despite many attempts at understanding hormone-behavior associations, contradictory findings have made it difficult to determine the existence of true effects. The aim of the current research was to use a robust methodological design to investigate the effect of fertility probability on four competitive orientations in naturally cycling women and hormonal contraceptive users.MethodsUsing a longitudinal diary study with over 3,900 observations from 21 countries, we explore the effect of fertility probability on four self-report competitive orientations after controlling for menstruation: self-developmental competition, hyper competitiveness, competition avoidance, and lack of interest toward competition.ResultsUsing Bayesian estimation for ordinal mixed models, we found that fertility probability was associated with an increase in self-development competitiveness amongst naturally cycling women but not hormonal contraceptive users. We also found weak evidence that hormonal contraceptive users show reduced interest in competing compared to naturally cycling women. There were no other robust effects of fertility or hormonal contraceptive use.ConclusionsThese results suggest that fertility probability is associated with increased fluctuations in self-development competitive motivation and that hormonal contraceptives interfere with this effect. This research contributes to the growing body of literature suggesting that hormonal contraceptives may influence psychology and behavior by disrupting evolved hormonal mechanisms.