bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Air transport and tourism flows to islands: A panel analysis for southern European countries
Authors: Mazzola Fabio , Cirà Andrea , Ruggieri Giovanni , Butler Richard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAir transport is an essential component of the tourism industry, and the number, frequency, and capacity of flight connections may influence the level of tourism demand, especially for island destinations. This paper evaluates the influence of air transport on tourism arrivals to selected islands in seven southern European Union countries to determine the nature of the relationship between tourist arrivals and air transport, specifically, whether air transport services generate tourism demand or merely enable touristic flows. The paper uses panel data and applies an econometric model with justifications for endogeneity and dynamic issues. Results show a moderate impact of transport infrastructures on generating additional tourist arrivals; however, the model shows that air transport is a prerequisite to developing tourism demand and is not the only determinant in increasing tourist arrivals. Tourist arrivals appear more a determinant than a consequence of changes in‐flight connections.
Intron retention by a novel intronic mutation in DKC1 gene caused recurrent still birth and early death in a Chinese family
Authors: Guo Qiufang , Zhang Ping , Ying Wenjing , Wang Yaqiong , Zhu Jitao , Li Gang , Wang Huijun , Wang Xiaochuan , Lei Caixia , Zhou Wenhao , Sun Jinqiao , Wu Bingbing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDKC1, the dyskerin encoding gene, functions in telomerase activity and telomere maintenance. DKC1 mutations cause a multisystem disease, dyskeratosis congenita (DC), which is associated with immunodeficiency and bone marrow failure.MethodsIn this research, we reported a novel intronic mutation of DKC1 causing dyskerin functional loss in a Chinese family. Whole exome sequence (WES) of the proband and validation by sanger sequencing help us identify a pathogenic DKC1 mutation. Minigene splicing assays were performed to evaluate functional change of DKC1.ResultsA pathogenic DKC1 intronic mutation(c.84 + 7A > G) was identified in the proband, which was inherited from heterozygous mother and not reported before. We detected the novel transcript with a 7 bp intron retention through minigene splicing assay. The newly spliced transcript is so short that would be degraded by nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay in vitro and we infer that the novel DKC1 mutation would influences normal physiological function of dyskerin.ConclusionsOur study identified a novel intronic mutation, which expands the spectrum of pathogenic DKC1 gene mutations and can be used in molecular diagnosis. The mutant allele was transmitted to the next generation with high frequency in the family and causes still birth or early death.
Evaluation of optical genome mapping for detecting chromosomal translocation in clinical cytogenetics
Authors: Dai Peng , Zhu Xiaofan , Pei Yanzheng , Chen Peng , Li Jingjing , Gao Zhi , Liang Yu , Kong Xiangdong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundBalanced reciprocal translocation is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities in humans that may lead to infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, or having children with physical or mental abnormalities. Karyotyping and FISH are traditional detection approaches with a low resolution. Bionano optical genome mapping (OGM) developed in recent years can be used to analyze chromosomal abnormalities at a higher resolution, providing the possibility of more in‐depth analyses of balanced chromosome translocations.MethodsTo evaluate the feasibility of OGM to detect chromosome balanced translocations, 10 genetic outpatients were collected and detected simultaneously by karyotype analysis, FISH, CNV‐seq, and Bionano OGM in this study.ResultsThe results showed that the karyotypes of the patients were detected by karyotype analysis, FISH, and Bionano OGM, but one patient with karyotype t(Y,19) was not correctly detected by OGM. There were not find any chromosome abnormality by CNV‐seq. More importantly, OGM allowed the location of the mutation to the gene level, which is important for aiding diagnoses, compared to karyotype analysis, and FISH.ConclusionsThis study shows that OGM can be a high adjunctive diagnostic method for detecting balanced chromosome translocations, but the accuracy and precision of OGM detecting mutations need to be gradually improved in telomere and centromere regions.
Oblique and eccentric bearing capacity of embedded strip footings using the method of rigorous characteristics
Authors: Li Chengchao , Jiang Pengming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe ultimate bearing capacity of strip footings is achieved by establishing the statically and kinematically admissible slip line field. The method of rigorous characteristics is applied to address the coupling of stress and velocity fields. Meanwhile, the stress discontinuity line is presented to account for the shear strength of embedded soils. The failure mechanism can be determined by solving the boundary value problems, and such the approach avoids the predefined slip surface. The proposed solutions show good agreement with the existing results, and they are mostly located between the upper and lower bound solutions of numerical limit analysis. The results demonstrate that the obliquely or eccentrically loaded boundary conditions sharply decrease the ultimate bearing capacity. Besides, the negligence of shear strength of embedded soils underestimates the ultimate bearing capacity of strip footings, and the associated flow rule yields the larger bearing capacity because of the overestimated soil strength.
How measurements affected by medication use are reported and handled in observational research: A literature review
Authors: Choi Jungyeon , Dekkers Olaf M. , le Cessie Saskia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeIn epidemiological research, measurements affected by medication, for example, blood pressure lowered by antihypertensives, are common. Different ways of handling medication are required depending on the research questions and whether the affected measurement is the exposure, the outcome, or a confounder. This study aimed to review handling of medication use in observational research.MethodsPubMed was searched for etiological studies published between 2015 and 2019 in 15 high‐ranked journals from cardiology, diabetes, and epidemiology. We selected studies that analyzed blood pressure, glucose, or lipid measurements (whether exposure, outcome or confounder) by linear or logistic regression. Two reviewers independently recorded how medication use was handled and assessed whether the methods used were in accordance with the research aim. We reported the methods used per variable category (exposure, outcome, confounder).ResultsA total of 127 articles were included. Most studies did not perform any method to account for medication use (exposure 58%, outcome 53%, and confounder 45%). Restriction (exposure 22%, outcome 23%, and confounders 10%), or adjusting for medication use using a binary indicator were also used frequently (exposure: 18%, outcome: 19%, confounder: 45%). No advanced methods were applied. In 60% of studies, the methods' validity could not be judged due to ambiguous reporting of the research aim. Invalid approaches were used in 28% of the studies, mostly when the affected variable was the outcome (36%).ConclusionMany studies ambiguously stated the research aim and used invalid methods to handle medication use. Researchers should consider a valid methodological approach based on their research question.
The effects of nanoclay and carbon nanotube co‐addition on properties of an amorphous polyamide/maleated styrene‐ethylene‐co‐butylene‐styrene blend
Authors: Damman Suzana , Steffen Teresa Tromm , Becker Daniela 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis work studied the individual and combined addition of natural (MMT‐Na) and modified (MMT‐30B) nanoclays, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to a poly (hexamethylene isophthalamide co‐terephthalamide) (aPA)/styrene‐ethylene/butylene‐styrene (SEBS) blend grafted with maleic anhydride. Their effects on the blend's morphology, thermo‐mechanical properties, and flammability were evaluated. Morphological analysis showed that both clays were located in the aPA matrix, with the MMT‐Na as agglomerates and the MMT‐30B intercalated with exfoliated regions. The CNTs were dispersed and randomly oriented in the aPA matrix. Data obtained through dynamic‐mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that adding 1.0% MMT‐30B and 1.0% CNT increased the storage modulus (E') by 26% and 27%, respectively, while adding both 0.5% MMT‐30B and 0.5% CNT increased E' by 38%, suggesting synergy between the nanoparticles related to mechanical properties. Regarding flammability, since the first burn timing (t1) could not be obtained, none of the samples could be classified according to the UL94 standard. However, qualitatively, a better flammability performance was noticed for the nanocomposites than for the pure blend.
Registration of ‘HighWest’ meadow bromegrass
Authors: Jensen Kevin B. , Winter Damon , Bushman B. Shaun , Robbins Matthew , Getz Megan , Waldron Blair L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe USDA‐ARS announces the release of the meadow bromegrass [Bromus biebersteinii Roem. & Schult. (excluded)] cultivar ‘HighWest’ (Reg. no. CV‐25, PI 698169) for use on irrigated and semi‐irrigated pastures as a rapidly establishing forage grass with excellent dry matter yield (DMY) on sites receiving 350 mm of either annual precipitation or irrigation. Selection emphasis in HighWest meadow bromegrass was on crude protein (CP), DMY regrowth, quality, and seedling emergence from a deep planting depth under irrigation. HighWest has been evaluated in Utah comparing it to meadow bromegrass cultivars ‘Cache’, ‘Arsenal’, ‘Regar’, ‘Admiral’, and ‘Armada’. Genotyping by sequencing demonstrated that HighWest is significantly different genetically from Cache (P < .043), Arsenal (P < .003), Regar (P < .040), Admiral (P < .001), and Armada (P < .028) and grouped closest to Cache and Arsenal, consistent with its breeding pedigree. HighWest had greater (P < .05) percentage seedling emergence frequency at Millville, UT, compared with Arsenal, Regar, Armada, and Admiral. Based on a selection index that combined percentage seedling emergence frequency, DMY, and CP values, HighWest had a greater index value at 2.8 compared with Cache (1.7), Arsenal (−0.6), Regar (−3.2), Armada (−1.5), and Admiral (−1.0). Dry matter yield regardless of harvest date was similar to Cache, Arsenal, Regar, Admiral, and Armada. Forage regrowth of HighWest had CP values 6% greater than Cache. Water‐soluble carbohydrates were 22% greater in HighWest (87.0 g kg−1) than Cache. HighWest provides ranchers with additional plant material that maintains DMY and improves forage regrowth quality over the cultivar Cache.
Development of model output statistics based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression for forecasting next‐day maximum temperature in South Korea
Authors: Yoon Donghyuck , Kim Kyoungmin , Cha Dong‐Hyun , Lee Myong‐In , Im Jungho , Cho Dongjin , Min Ki‐Hong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRegression models for model output statistics (MOS) based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator methods were developed to forecast next‐day maximum surface air temperature (TMAX) during the warm season in South Korea. The forecast fields from the operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) system of the Korean Meteorological Administration for global and local forecasts and the observed TMAX data in 225 observation stations were used as input variables for the MOS. The training period was July and August (JA) from 2015 to 2018, and the regression models were tested using data from JA 2019. As a result of hindcasting for the test period, the MOS models performed significantly better for next‐day TMAX forecasting over South Korea than the numerical models during JA 2019. The mean TMAX errors were reduced by over 1°C in MOSs compared to those in the numerical models. However, the TMAX forecast performance was generally lower in the higher‐resolution NWP Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System (LDAPS)‐based MOS (LMOS) than in the lower‐resolution NWP Global Data Assimilation and Prediction System (GDAPS)‐based MOS. This pattern was dominant when LDAPS simulated the TMAX more accurately than average. In particular, the random TMAX error of LDAPS was larger than that of GDAPS during the training period, and a positive random error of TMAX was magnified in LMOS. Because the other predictors forecasted from LDAPS can be associated with lower TMAX forecast performance of LMOS, in addition to TMAX effects as a predictor, a new MOS was developed using both LDAPS and GDAPS outputs. The forecast accuracy was improved by up to 0.3°C when the forecast fields from the GDAPS substituted several LMOS predictors, even though TMAX was the primary predictor for LMOS.
Why tandem mass spectrometry for trace analysis: Concepts of tandem analytical techniques
Authors: Yost Richard A. 
Published: April 2022

RationaleThe triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, typically in combination with a gas or liquid chromatograph (GC/MS/MS and LC/MS/MS), is perhaps the most iconic example today of a tandem analytical instrument. Here I present the concepts of tandem or hyphenated techniques for trace analysis (that is, the detection and/or quantitation of one or more analytes present in a mixture at low levels).MethodsThis tutorial presents the principles of tandem trace analytical techniques such as GC/MS/MS and LC/MS/MS, including the capabilities and requirements for such tandem techniques, the role of sensitivity and selectivity in tandem techniques, ways to assess the “informing power” of these techniques, and a comparison of tandem techniques with individual techniques at high resolution. These points are illustrated with several examples of trace analysis using tandem analytical techniques.ResultsSeveral characteristics of the triple quadrupole have made it the “laboratory workhorse” for trace analysis, including the remarkable efficiency of the low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (CID) process in a radiofrequency (RF)‐only multipole collision cell, the ease of computer control, and the capability for rapid scanning, rapid switching from mass to mass, and high transmission efficiency, enabling a wide variety of MS/MS scans. The efficiency of selected reaction monitoring means that triple quadrupoles dominate MS/MS for detection and quantitation of targeted compounds.ConclusionsThis special issue addresses the intriguing question of how the triple quadrupole mass spectrometer progressed from “bleeding edge” to “the laboratory workhorse” over the last 40 years. This tutorial on the principles of tandem trace analytical techniques provides perspectives and insights into answering that question and should help educate the novice and stimulate the sophisticate.
New ternary phosphides RE5Pd9P7 (RE=Tm, Lu): synthesis, crystal and electronic structure
Authors: Zhak Olga , Köhler Jürgen , Karychort Oksana , Babizhetskyy Volodymyr 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe crystal structure of the new ternary phosphideTm5Pd9P7 was determined from powder X‐ray diffraction data: space group P
, a=9.9971(2), c=3.94371(8) Å, RI=0.0518, Rp=0.0667, Rp=0.0667, wRp=0.1065. The crystal structure of the phosphide Tm5Pd9P7 is closely related with the Zr2Fe12P7‐type, and is formed by combination of two types of structural units with the compositions [TmPd6P3] and [TmTm3Pd3P3] mutually displaced by 1/2 along the c axis. Connection of the last units forms the trigonal prisms [Tm6] around P3 atoms in the crystallographic position 1a (0 0 0). The isotypic ternary phosphide Lu5Pd9P7 was synthesized (a=9.9934(7), c=3.9207(4) Å). The electronic and bonding properties of Tm5Pd9P7 are obtained from tight binding linear muffin‐tin orbital (TB‐LMTO) calculations and a crystal orbital Hamiltonian population (COHP) bonding analysis. These analyses show strong covalent bonding within (Pd9P7)15− nanotubes which are ionically bound via the Tm atoms to three dimensional network.
Efficient Algorithms for Tracking Moving Interfaces in Industrial Applications: Inkjet Plotters, Electrojetting, Industrial Foams, and Rotary Bell Painting
Authors: Garzon Maria , Saye Robert I. , Sethian James A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMoving interfaces are key components of many dynamic industrial processes, in which complex interface physics determine much of the underlying action and performance. Level set methods, and their descendents, have been valuable in providing robust mathematical formulations and numerical algorithms for tracking the dynamics of these evolving interfaces. In manufacturing applications, these methods have shed light on a variety of industrial processes, including the design of industrial inkjet plotters, the mechanics of electrojetting, shape and evolution in industrial foams, and rotary bell devices in automotive painting. In this review, we discuss some of those applications, illustrating shared algorithmic challenges, and show how to tailor these methods to meet those challenges.
Numerical Study for Blood Flows in Thoracic Aorta
Authors: Suito Hiroshi , Otera Koki , Huynh Viet Q. H. , Takizawa Kenji , Horio Naohiro , Ueda Takuya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNumerical simulations for blood flows related to cardiovascular diseases are presented. Differences in vessel morphologies produce different flow characteristics, stress distributions, and ultimately different outcomes. Some examples illustrating the effects of curvature and torsion on blood flows are presented both for simplified and patient-specific simulations. The goal of this study is to understand relationships between geometrical characteristics of blood vessels and blood flow behaviors.
State Estimation—The Role of Reduced Models
Authors: Cohen Albert , Dahmen Wolfgang , DeVore Ron 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe exploration of complex physical or technological processes usually requires exploiting available information from different sources: (i) physical laws often represented as a family of parameter dependent partial differential equations and (ii) data provided by measurement devices or sensors. The amount of sensors is typically limited and data acquisition may be expensive and in some cases even harmful. This article reviews some recent developments for this “small-data” scenario where inversion is strongly aggravated by the typically large parametric dimensionality. The proposed concepts may be viewed as exploring alternatives to Bayesian inversion in favor of more deterministic accuracy quantification related to the required computational complexity. We discuss optimality criteria which delineate intrinsic information limits, and highlight the role of reduced models for developing efficient computational strategies. In particular, the need to adapt the reduced models—not to a specific (possibly noisy) data set but rather to the sensor system—is a central theme. This, in turn, is facilitated by exploiting geometric perspectives based on proper stable variational formulations of the continuous model.
Pattern Formation Inside Living Cells
Authors: Edelstein-Keshet Leah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhile most of our tissues appear static, in fact, cell motion comprises an important facet of all life forms, whether in single or multicellular organisms. Amoeboid cells navigate their environment seeking nutrients, whereas collectively, streams of cells move past and through evolving tissue in the development of complex organisms. Cell motion is powered by dynamic changes in the structural proteins (actin) that make up the cytoskeleton, and regulated by a circuit of signaling proteins (GTPases) that control the cytoskeleton growth, disassembly, and active contraction. Interesting mathematical questions we have explored include (1) How do GTPases spontaneously redistribute inside a cell? How does this determine the emergent polarization and directed motion of a cell? (2) How does feedback between actin and these regulatory proteins create dynamic spatial patterns (such as waves) in the cell? (3) How do properties of single cells scale up to cell populations and multicellular tissues given interactions (adhesive, mechanical) between cells? Here I survey mathematical models studied in my group to address such questions. We use reaction-diffusion systems to model GTPase spatiotemporal phenomena in both detailed and toy models (for analytic clarity). We simulate single and multiple cells to visualize model predictions and study emergent patterns of behavior. Finally, we work with experimental biologists to address data-driven questions about specific cell types and conditions.
Hyperbolic Model Reduction for Kinetic Equations
Authors: Cai Zhenning , Fan Yuwei , Li Ruo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe make a brief historical review of the moment model reduction for the kinetic equations, particularly Grad’s moment method for Boltzmann equation. We focus on the hyperbolicity of the reduced model, which is essential for the existence of its classical solution as a Cauchy problem. The theory of the framework we developed in the past years is then introduced, which preserves the hyperbolic nature of the kinetic equations with high universality. Some lastest progress on the comparison between models with/without hyperbolicity is presented to validate the hyperbolic moment models for rarefied gases.
Cryptography and Digital Transformation
Authors: Sako Kazue 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCryptography is implemented using discrete mathematics with security defined in complexity theory. In this article, we review some cryptographic primitives for encryption, signing messages and interactive proofs. By combining cryptographic primitives, we can design and digitally implement various services with desired features in security, privacy and fairness. We will discuss some examples such as electronic voting and cryptocurrencies.
Feeling Political in Public Administration: French Bureaucracy between Militancy and Sens de l’État, 1789–2019
Authors: Buscemi Francesco 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter looks at French bureaucracy since its establishment in 1789, given that public administration is a major element of modern political institutions. Contrary to current opinion—and perhaps counter-intuitively—it is heavily imbued with emotions. In post-revolutionary France, civil servants were encouraged to develop particular kinds of feelings in order to be considered good republicans and loyal servants to the sovereign state. The design and goals of two different National Schools of Administration, one founded in 1848 and one in 1945, show how different regimes nurtured the political emotions that were considered a requirement for bureaucratic service. The introduction and the conclusion evoke how the emotional template is still a matter of heated political confrontation.
Feeling Political in Parliament: Rules, Regulations, and the Rostrum, Germany 1849–1951
Authors: Nielsen Philipp 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter focuses on four moments in German parliamentary history in which parliamentarians debated the regulation of speech and behaviour and established an emotional template for it. The evolution of German parliamentary history formed part of the wider history of participatory politics. The multiple changes of constitutions, parliamentary regulations, and parliamentary locations make for a rich case study. The rules that emerged speak to the inherent logic of the institution of parliament: enabling the ‘orderly conduct’ of politics and guaranteeing the ‘dignity’ of the chamber, yet allowing, and channelling, spontaneous expression of emotions such as (specific kinds of) laughter, cheering, angry interjections, the noise produced by, and used for, objections, and ultimately unrest. In their relationality to the bodies of parliamentarians, these spaces and rules reflected assumptions about emotions, democratic or otherwise.