bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synovial joint cavitation initiates with microcavities in interzone and is coupled to skeletal flexion and elongation in developing mouse embryo limbs
Authors: Kim Minwook , Koyama Eiki , Saunders Cheri M. , Querido William , Pleshko Nancy , Pacifici Maurizio 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTThe synovial cavity and its fluid are essential for joint function and lubrication, but their developmental biology remains largely obscure. Here, we analyzed E12.5 to E18.5 mouse embryo hindlimbs and discovered that cavitation initiates around E15.0 with emergence of multiple, discrete, µm-wide tissue discontinuities we term microcavities in interzone, evolving into a single joint-wide cavity within 12 h in knees and within 72-84 h in interphalangeal joints. The microcavities were circumscribed by cells as revealed by mTmG imaging and exhibited a carbohydrate and protein content based on infrared spectral imaging at micro and nanoscale. Accounting for differing cavitation kinetics, we found that the growing femur and tibia anlagen progressively flexed at the knee over time, with peak angulation around E15.5 exactly when the full knee cavity consolidated; however, interphalangeal joint geometry changed minimally over time. Indeed, cavitating knee interzone cells were elongated along the flexion angle axis and displayed oblong nuclei, but these traits were marginal in interphalangeal cells. Conditional Gdf5Cre-driven ablation of Has2 – responsible for production of the joint fluid component hyaluronic acid (HA) – delayed the cavitation process. Our data reveal that cavitation is a stepwise process, brought about by sequential action of microcavities, skeletal flexion and elongation, and HA accumulation.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Loss of Prm1 leads to defective chromatin protamination, impaired PRM2 processing, reduced sperm motility and subfertility in male mice
Authors: Merges Gina Esther , Meier Julia , Schneider Simon , Kruse Alexander , Fröbius Andreas Christian , Kirfel Gregor , Steger Klaus , Arévalo Lena , Schorle Hubert 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
One of the key events during spermiogenesis is the hypercondensation of chromatin by substitution of the majority of histones by protamines. In humans and mice, protamine 1 (PRM1/Prm1) and protamine 2 (PRM2/Prm2) are expressed in a species-specific ratio. Using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing, we generated Prm1-deficient mice and demonstrated that Prm1+/− mice were subfertile, whereas Prm1−/− mice were infertile. Prm1−/− and Prm2−/− sperm showed high levels of reactive oxygen species-mediated DNA damage and increased histone retention. In contrast, Prm1+/− sperm displayed only moderate DNA damage. The majority of Prm1+/− sperm were CMA3 positive, indicating protamine-deficient chromatin, although this was not the result of increased histone retention in Prm1+/− sperm. However, sperm from Prm1+/− and Prm1−/− mice contained high levels of incompletely processed PRM2. Furthermore, the PRM1:PRM2 ratio was skewed from 1:2 in wild type to 1:5 in Prm1+/− animals. Our results reveal that PRM1 is required for proper PRM2 processing to produce mature PRM2, which, together with PRM1, is able to hypercondense DNA. Thus, the species-specific PRM1:PRM2 ratio has to be precisely controlled in order to retain full fertility.
Productivity of mother pigs is lower in countries that still confine them in gestation crates
Authors: Schuck-Paim Cynthia , Alonso Wladimir J. 
Published: May 2022

Background: For decades, pig farmers have used gestation crates — small metal enclosures about two feet wide — to confine pregnant sows (female breeding pigs). Gestation crates physically restrain sows for most of their life, preventing them from walking or even turning around. Millions of females are still housed in these systems. Growing societal concern about animal welfare has been pressuring the industry for change, with recent legislation in the European Union and California restricting the use of crates. Still, the notion that gestation crates negatively affect sow welfare has been challenged by producers in regions where crates are widely used, who argue that, by facilitating health monitoring and preventing aggression, crates lead to lower sow mortality and higher piglet outputs per sow. We address these claims by comparing sow mortality and performance across countries with different housing systems. Methods: To this end, we use publicly available data from InterPig, a network of pig production economists in 17 countries that provides internationally harmonized methods for meaningful comparisons of national production data. Results: The results show that sow mortality is significantly higher, and annual pig production per sow significantly lower, in those countries where gestation crates are still the norm compared to countries in the European Union, where use of gestation crates is restricted to up to four weeks after insemination. Conclusions: Claims of higher mortality and reduced productivity per sow in crate-free systems are not substantiated by this data. This evidence should be considered in policies affecting the welfare of breeding pigs.
Quantitative image analysis in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome: a cohort observational study.
Authors: Dolinay Tamas , Jun Dale , Maller Abigail , Chung Augustine , Grimes Brandon , Hsu Lillian , Nelson David , Villagas Bianca , Kim Grace Hyun J , Goldin Jonathan 
Published: May 2022

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe form of acute lung injury commonly associated with pneumonia, including coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). The resultant effect can be persistent lung damage, but its extent is not known. We used quantitative high resolution computed tomography (QHR-CT) lung scans to radiographically characterize the lung damage in COVID-19 ARDS (CARDS) survivors. Methods Patients with CARDS (N=20) underwent QHR-CT lung scans 60 to 90 days after initial diagnosis, while hospitalized at a long-term acute care hospital (LTACH). QHR-CT assessed for mixed disease (QMD), ground glass opacities (QGGO), consolidation (QCON) and normal lung tissue (QNL). QMD was correlated with respiratory support on admission, tracheostomy decannulation and supplementary oxygen need on discharge. Results Sixteen patients arrived with tracheostomy requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Four patients arrived on nasal oxygen support. Of the patients included in this study 10 had the tracheostomy cannula removed, four remained on invasive ventilation, and two died. QHR-CT showed 45% QMD, 28.1% QGGO, 3.0% QCON and QNL=23.9%. Patients with mandatory mechanical ventilation had the highest proportion of QMD when compared to no mechanical ventilation. There was no correlation between QMD and tracheostomy decannulation or need for supplementary oxygen at discharge. Conclusions Our data shows severe ongoing lung injury in patients with CARDS, beyond what is usually expected in ARDS. In this severely ill population, the extent of mixed disease correlates with mechanical ventilation, signaling formation of interstitial lung disease. QHR-CT analysis can be useful in the post-acute setting to evaluate for interstitial changes in ARDS.
Predictors of quality of life in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: Górczewska Bogumiła , Jakubowska-Pietkiewicz Elżbieta 
Published: May 2022

Cel pracyCelem badania była ocena jakości życia w skali QUALEFFO-41, u kobiet z osteoporozą pomenopauzalną w zależności od czynników socioepidemiologicznych.MetodaOsteoporoza jest chorobą społeczną i epidemią XXI wieku. W starzejącym sie polskim społeczeństwie choroba ta jest coraz większym problemem. Badanie miało na celu ocenę predyktorów jakości życia u kobiet z osteoporozą pomenopauzalną.

Badanie miało charakter ambulatoryjny, ankietowy, przeprowadzono je w okresie od VI.2018 do V.2019 roku. Objęto grupę 198 kobiet w wieku 72,31±8,59 lat z rozpoznaną osteoporozą pomenopauzalną w dwóch Poradniach Leczenia Osteoporozy na terenie miasta Łodzi (Polska). Kryterium doboru ankietowanych była rozpoznana osteoporoza pomenopauzalna w historii pacjentek według ICD 10 - M81.0 oraz brak istotnych schorzeń przewlekłych wymagających systematycznego leczenia.

W pracy wykorzystano: polską wersję skali jakości życia QUALEFFO-41, skalę VAS oraz ankietę własnego autorstwa. Dane analizowano przy użyciu wielokrotnej regresji liniowej. Analizę statystyczną wykonano w programie Statistica 13.0.WynikiŚredni wynik QUALEFFO-41 wyniósł 40,26±16,92 pkt. Analizując poszczególne domeny QUALEFFO-41 najniższą jakość życia stwierdzono w domenie funkcji umysłowych 48,49±18,06 pkt. Domena czynności fizyczne w ciągu dnia była dwukrotnie lepiej oceniona w porównaniu do domeny funkcje psychiczne.

Stan cywilny, wykształcenie i sytuacja materialna miały istotny statystycznie wpływ na jakość życia (p<0,05). Wykazano, że ból wyrażany w skali VAS, ból wybudzający ze snu, zażywanie środków nasennych oraz starszy wiek badanych pogarsza ich jakość życia.WnioskiKobiety z osteoporozą pomenopauzalną miały przeciętną jakość życia. W Polsce ocena jakości życia pacjentów chorych przewlekle oraz rutynowa ocena poziomu nasilenia dolegliwości bólowych w skali VAS nie jest powszechna.
Musculoskeletal tuberculosis in Bradford
Authors: Craig Andrew D. , Asmar Samir , Whitaker Paul , Shaw David L. , Saralaya Dinesh 
Published: May 2022

AimsTuberculosis (TB) is one of the biggest communicable causes of mortality worldwide. While incidence in the UK has continued to fall since 2011, Bradford retains one of the highest TB rates in the UK. This study aims to examine the local disease burden of musculoskeletal (MSK) TB, by analyzing common presenting factors within the famously diverse population of Bradford.MethodsAn observational study was conducted, using data from the Bradford Teaching Hospitals TB database of patients with a formal diagnosis of MSK TB between January 2005 and July 2017. Patient data included demographic data (including nationality/date of entry to the UK), disease focus, microbiology, and management strategies. Disease incidence was calculated using population data from the Office for National Statistics. Poisson confidence intervals were calculated to demonstrate the extent of statistical error. Disease incidence and nationality were also analyzed, and correlation sought, using the chi-squared test.ResultsBetween January 2005 and July 2017, 109 cases of MSK TB were diagnosed in Bradford. Mean incidence was 1.65 per 100,000 population, per calendar year (SD 0.75). A total of 38 cases required surgical intervention. Low rates of antimicrobial resistance were encountered. A low rate of loss to follow-up was observed (four patients; 3.7%). Overall, 94.5% of patients (n = 103) were successfully treated. 67% of patients (n = 73) reported their country of origin as either India, Pakistan, or Bangladesh. These ethnicities account for around 25% of the local population.ConclusionBradford maintains a high prevalence of MSK TB infection relative to national data; the prevalence within the local immigrant population remains grossly disproportionate. Typical associated factors (HIV/hepatitis coinfection, drug resistance), have only modest prevalence in our dataset. However, local socioeconomic factors such as deprivation and poverty appear germane as suggested by global literature. We advocate a high degree of suspicion in treatment of atypical infection in any area with similar population factors to ensure timely diagnosis. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(5):432–440.
Discovery of new drug indications for COVID-19: A drug repurposing approach
Authors: Kumari Priyanka , Pradhan Bikram , Koromina Maria , Patrinos George P. , Steen Kristel Van 
Published: May 2022

Motivation
The outbreak of coronavirus health issues caused by COVID-19(SARS-CoV-2) creates a global threat to public health. Therefore, there is a need for effective remedial measures using existing and approved therapies with proven safety measures has several advantages. Dexamethasone (Pubchem ID: CID0000005743), baricitinib(Pubchem ID: CID44205240), remdesivir (PubchemID: CID121304016) are three generic drugs that have demonstrated in-vitro high antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. The present study aims to widen the search and explore the anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties of these potential drugs while looking for new drug indications with optimised benefits via in-silico research.

Method
Here, we designed a unique drug-similarity model to repurpose existing drugs against SARS-CoV-2, using the anti-Covid properties of dexamethasone, baricitinib, and remdesivir as references. Known chemical-chemical interactions of reference drugs help extract interactive compounds withimprovedanti-SARS-CoV-2 properties. Here, we calculated the likelihood of these drug compounds treating SARS-CoV-2 related symptoms using chemical-protein interactions between the interactive compounds of the reference drugs and SARS-CoV-2 target genes. In particular, we adopted a two-tier clustering approach to generate a drug similarity model for the final selection of potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug molecules. Tier-1 clustering was based on t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) and aimed to filter and discard outlier drugs. The tier-2 analysis incorporated two cluster analyses performed in parallel using Ordering Points To Identify the Clustering Structure (OPTICS) and Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC). As a result, itidentified clusters of drugs with similar actions. In addition, we carried out a docking study for in-silico validation of top candidate drugs.

Result
Our drug similarity model highlighted ten drugs, including reference drugs that can act as potential therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. The docking results suggested that doxorubicin showed the least binding energy compared to reference drugs. Their practical utility as anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs, either individually or in combination, warrants further investigation.
Head rotation improves airway obstruction, especially in patients with less severe obstructive sleep apnea without oropharyngeal collapse
Authors: Tan Shi Nee , Kim Jong-Min , Kim Jisun , Sung Chung Man , Kim Hong Chan , Lee Jongho , Lim Sang Chul , White David P. , Yang Hyung Chae , Wellman D. Andrew 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
Head rotation is thought to have an effect on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity. However, keeping the head rotated fully during sleep is difficult to maintain, and the effect of head rotation is not the same in all OSA patients. Thus, this study aimed to identify whether less head rotation has an effect on airway patency and determine the responder characteristics to the head rotation maneuver (HRM).

Methods
We recruited 221 patients who underwent overnight polysomnography and drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) in a tertiary hospital from June 2019 to July 2020. Airway patency and the site of airway collapse were determined in the supine position with the head at 0, 30, and 60 degrees of rotation (HRM0°, HRM30°, and HRM60°, respectively) during DISE. The site of collapse was determined using the VOTE classification system: the velum (palate), oropharyngeal lateral walls, tongue base, and epiglottis. Each structure was labeled as 0, 1, or 2 (patent, partially obstructed, and completely obstructed, respectively). Airway response to the HRM30° and 60° and the clinical characteristics associated with airway opening were analyzed.

Results
The study population had a median age of 52 (25–61) years, a body mass index of 26.7(24.6–29.4) kg/m2, and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 28.2(13.7–71.9) events/h. HRM influenced airway patency positively not only with HRM60° (p<0.001) but also following limited rotation (HRM30°, p<0.001). Patients with tongue base (40.0% with HRM 60°) and epiglottic (52.6% with HRM 60°) collapse responded particularly well to HRM. Multivariate analysis revealed that lower AHI (p<0.001) and an absence of oropharyngeal lateral walls collapse (p = 0.011) were significant predictors of responders to HRM.

Conclusion
Head rotation improved airway obstruction in OSA patients, even with a small degree of rotation, and should be further explored as a potential form of therapy in appropriately selected patients.
Trends in lifetime risk and years of potential life lost from diabetes in the United States, 1997–2018
Authors: Koyama Alain K. , Cheng Yiling J. , Brinks Ralph , Xie Hui , Gregg Edward W. , Hoyer Annika , Pavkov Meda E. , Imperatore Giuseppina 
Published: May 2022

Background
Both incidence and mortality of diagnosed diabetes have decreased over the past decade. However, the impact of these changes on key metrics of diabetes burden–lifetime risk (LR), years of potential life lost (YPLL), and years spent with diabetes–is unknown.

Methods
We used data from 653,811 adults aged ≥18 years from the National Health Interview Survey, a cross-sectional sample of the civilian non-institutionalized population in the United States. LR, YPLL, and years spent with diabetes were estimated from age 18 to 84 by survey period (1997–1999, 2000–2004, 2005–2009, 2010–2014, 2015–2018). The age-specific incidence of diagnosed diabetes and mortality were estimated using Poisson regression. A multistate difference equation accounting for competing risks was used to model each metric.

Results
LR and years spent with diabetes initially increased then decreased over the most recent time periods. LR for adults at age 20 increased from 31.7% (95% CI: 31.2–32.1%) in 1997–1999 to 40.7% (40.2–41.1%) in 2005–2009, then decreased to 32.8% (32.4–33.2%) in 2015–2018. Both LR and years spent with diabetes were markedly higher among adults of non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and other races compared to non-Hispanic Whites. YPLL significantly decreased over the study period, with the estimated YPLL due to diabetes for an adult aged 20 decreasing from 8.9 (8.7–9.1) in 1997–1999 to 6.2 (6.1–6.4) in 2015–2018 (p = 0.02).

Conclusion
In the United States, diabetes burden is declining, but disparities by race/ethnicity remain. LR remains high with approximately one-third of adults estimated to develop diabetes during their lifetime.
Predictors and outcomes of peritoneal dialysis-related infections due to filamentous molds (MycoPDICS)
Authors: Kanjanabuch Talerngsak , Nopsopon Tanawin , Chatsuwan Tanittha , Purisinsith Sirirat , Johnson David W , Udomsantisuk Nibondh , Halue Guttiga , Lorvinitnun Pichet , Puapatanakul Pongpratch , Pongpirul Krit , Poonvivatchaikarn Ussanee , Tatiyanupanwong Sajja , Chowpontong Saowalak , Chieochanthanakij Rutchanee , Thamvichitkul Oranan , Treamtrakanpon Worapot , Saikong Wadsamon , Parinyasiri Uraiwan , Chuengsaman Piyatida , Dandecha Phongsak , Perl Jeffrey , Tungsanga Kriang , Eiam-Ong Somchai , Sritippayawan Suchai , Kantachuvesiri Surasak ,   on behalf of The Advisory Board of Peritoneal Dialysis, Nephrology Society of Thailand
Published: May 2022

Introduction
We sought to evaluate the predictors and outcomes of mold peritonitis in patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD).

Methods
This cohort study included PD patients from the MycoPDICS database who had fungal peritonitis between July 2015-June 2020. Patient outcomes were analyzed by Kaplan Meier curves and the Log-rank test. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model regression was used to estimating associations between fungal types and patients’ outcomes.

Results
The study included 304 fungal peritonitis episodes (yeasts n = 129, hyaline molds n = 122, non-hyaline molds n = 44, and mixed fungi n = 9) in 303 patients. Fungal infections were common during the wet season (p <0.001). Mold peritonitis was significantly more frequent in patients with higher hemoglobin levels, presentations with catheter problems, and positive galactomannan (a fungal cell wall component) tests. Patient survival rates were lowest for non-hyaline mold peritonitis. A higher hazard of death was significantly associated with leaving the catheter in-situ (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 6.15, 95%confidence interval [CI]: 2.86–13.23) or delaying catheter removal after the diagnosis of fungal peritonitis (HR = 1.56, 95%CI: 1.00–2.44), as well as not receiving antifungal treatment (HR = 2.23, 95%CI: 1.25–4.01) or receiving it for less than 2 weeks (HR = 2.13, 95%CI: 1.33–3.43). Each additional day of antifungal therapy beyond the minimum 14-day duration was associated with a 2% lower risk of death (HR = 0.98, 95%CI: 0.95–0.999).

Conclusion
Non-hyaline-mold peritonitis had worse survival. Longer duration and higher daily dosage of antifungal treatment were associated with better survival. Deviations from the 2016 ISPD Peritonitis Guideline recommendations concerning treatment duration and catheter removal timing were independently associated with higher mortality.
Tod im Kino
Authors: Seelinger Christoph 
Published: May 2022

Christoph Seelinger liefert in seiner Promotionsschrift einen Überblick über Legitimations- und Funktionalisierungsstrategien dokumentarischer Toten- und Todesszenen im Erzählkino. Seelingers chronologischer Bogen beginnt bei den frühesten animalischen Toden vor laufender Kamera wie beispielsweise der filmisch festgehaltenen Hinrichtung des Elefantenweibchens Topsy in »Electrocuting an Elephant – Thomas A. Edison« (1903) und er führt bis zu den Hochglanz-Snuff-Videos der Medienabteilung des Islamischen Staates in den 2010er Jahren. Zwischen diesen beiden Polen betrachtet der Autor mit derselben medienwissenschaftlichen Hinwendung arrivierte Arthouse-Filme, vor allem aber auch zahllose als Trash und Exploitation abqualifizierte Vertreter des Bahnhofskinos, die einem akademischen Zugriff bislang entzogen waren. Das Ergebnis ist ein Streifzug durch die verfemteren Regionen der Kinogeschichte und dabei nichts weniger als die erste auführliche Geschichte des Einbruchs realer Todesdarstellungen in die Fiktion des Spielfilms.
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) at the preanalytical phase for POCT blood gas analysis: proposal for a shared proactive risk analysis model
Authors: Van Hoof Viviane , Bench Suzanne , Soto Antonio Buño , Luppa Peter P. , Malpass Anthony , Schilling Ulf Martin , Rooney Kevin D. , Stretton Adam , Tintu Andrei N. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Proposal of a risk analysis model to diminish negative impact on patient care by preanalytical errors in blood gas analysis (BGA).

Methods
Here we designed a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) risk assessment template for BGA, based on literature references and expertise of an international team of laboratory and clinical health care professionals.

Results
The FMEA identifies pre-analytical process steps, errors that may occur whilst performing BGA (potential failure mode), possible consequences (potential failure effect) and preventive/corrective actions (current controls). Probability of failure occurrence (OCC), severity of failure (SEV) and probability of failure detection (DET) are scored per potential failure mode. OCC and DET depend on test setting and patient population e.g., they differ in primary community health centres as compared to secondary community hospitals and third line university or specialized hospitals. OCC and DET also differ between stand-alone and networked instruments, manual and automated patient identification, and whether results are automatically transmitted to the patient’s electronic health record. The risk priority number (RPN = SEV × OCC × DET) can be applied to determine the sequence in which risks are addressed. RPN can be recalculated after implementing changes to decrease OCC and/or increase DET. Key performance indicators are also proposed to evaluate changes.

Conclusions
This FMEA model will help health care professionals manage and minimize the risk of preanalytical errors in BGA.