bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parametric Time-Frequency Analysis and Its Applications in Music Classification
Authors: Shen Ying , Li Xiaoli , Ma Ngok-Wah , Krishnan Sridhar 
Published: November 2022

<p>Analysis of nonstationary signals, such as music signals, is a challenging task. The purpose of this study is to explore an efficient and powerful technique to analyze and classify music signals in higher frequency range (44.1 kHz). The pursuit methods are good tools for this purpose, but they aimed at representing the signals rather than classifying them as in Y. Paragakin et al., 2009. Among the pursuit methods, matching pursuit (MP), an adaptive true nonstationary time-frequency signal analysis tool, is applied for music classification. First, MP decomposes the sample signals into time-frequency functions or atoms. Atom parameters are then analyzed and manipulated, and discriminant features are extracted from atom parameters. Besides the parameters obtained using MP, an additional feature, central energy, is also derived. Linear discriminant analysis and the leave-one-out method are used to evaluate the classification accuracy rate for different feature sets. The study is one of the very few works that analyze atoms statistically and extract discriminant features directly from the parameters. From our experiments, it is evident that the MP algorithm with the Gabor dictionary decomposes nonstationary signals, such as music signals, into atoms in which the parameters contain strong discriminant information sufficient for accurate and efficient signal classifications. </p>
On the Use of Complementary Spectral Features for Speaker Recognition
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Danoush , Krishnan Sridhar 
Published: November 2022

<p> The most popular features for speaker recognition are Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) and linear prediction cepstral coefficients (LPCCs). These features are used extensively because they characterize the vocal tract configuration which is known to be highly speaker-dependent. In this work, several features are introduced that can characterize the vocal system in order to complement the traditional features and produce better speaker recognition models. The spectral centroid (SC), spectral bandwidth (SBW), spectral band energy (SBE), spectral crest factor (SCF), spectral flatness measure (SFM), Shannon entropy (SE), and Renyi entropy (RE) were utilized for this purpose. This work demonstrates that these features are robust in noisy conditions by simulating some common distortions that are found in the speakers’ environment and a typical telephone channel. Babble noise, additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), and a bandpass channel with 1 dB of ripple were used to simulate these noisy conditions. The results show significant improvements in classification performance for all noise conditions when these features were used to complement the MFCC and ΔMFCC features. In particular, the SC and SCF improved performance in almost all noise conditions within the examined SNR range (10–40 dB). For example, in cases where there was only one source of distortion, classification improvements of up to 8% and 10% were achieved under babble noise and AWGN, respectively, using the SCF feature. </p>
A Joint Time-Frequency and Matrix Decomposition Feature Extraction Methodology for Pathological Voice Classification
Authors: Ghoraani Behnaz , Krishnan Sridhar 
Published: November 2022

<p> The number of people affected by speech problems is increasing as the modern world places increasing demands on the human voice via mobile telephones, voice recognition software, and interpersonal verbal communications. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology for automatic pattern classification of pathological voices. The main contribution of this paper is extraction of meaningful and unique features using Adaptive time-frequency distribution (TFD) and nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF). We construct Adaptive TFD as an effective signal analysis domain to dynamically track the nonstationarity in the speech and utilize NMF as a matrix decomposition (MD) technique to quantify the constructed TFD. The proposed method extracts meaningful and unique features from the joint TFD of the speech, and automatically identifies and measures the abnormality of the signal. Depending on the abnormality measure of each signal, we classify the signal into normal or pathological. The proposed method is applied on the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (MEEI) voice disorders database which consists of 161 pathological and 51 normal speakers, and an overall classification accuracy of 98.6% was achieved.</p>
Dynamic Principal Component Analysis with Nonoverlapping Moving Window and Its Applications to Epileptic EEG Classification
Authors: Xie Shengkun , Krishnan Sridhar 
Published: November 2022

<p>Classification of electroencephalography (EEG) is the most useful diagnostic and monitoring procedure for epilepsy study. A reliable algorithm that can be easily implemented is the key to this procedure. In this paper a novel signal feature extraction method based on dynamic principal component analysis and nonoverlapping moving window is proposed. Along with this new technique, two detection methods based on extracted sparse features are applied to deal with signal classification. The obtained results demonstrated that our proposed methodologies are able to differentiate EEGs from controls and interictal for epilepsy diagnosis and to separate EEGs from interictal and ictal for seizure detection. Our approach yields high classification accuracy for both single-channel short-term EEGs and multichannel long-term EEGs. The classification performance of the method is also compared with other state-of-the-art techniques on the same datasets and the effect of signal variability on the presented methods is also studied. </p>
Signature and Residue Testing of Microprogrammable Control Units
Authors: Geurkov Vadim 
Published: November 2022

<p>Arithmetic and algebraic codes are used in testing to verify arithmetic and logical operations performed by digital circuits. An important unit of the hardware that implements arithmetic codes is a residue generator. This is a circuit that generates the residue of a number with respect to a check base. The existing design methods for residue generators are oriented to the special values of the check base. We propose an approach to designing the residue generators with an arbitrary check base. We show how to reduce the probability of error escape, when this type of generator is used for detecting arithmetic errors. We then demonstrate how to embed the designed circuit into a microprogrammable finite state machine to test its operation without adding test hardware overhead. The proposed scheme can be used in arithmetic/algebraic error-control coding and fault-tolerant digital designs. </p>
Introducing TAM: Time-Based Access Memory
Authors: Mekhiel Nagi 
Published: November 2022

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<p>The increase in processor speed achieved by continuous improvements in technology is causing major obstacles to the parallel processors implemented inside the chip. The time spent in servicing all the cache misses from all processors from a slow shared memory limits the performance gain of parallel processors. We propose a new memory system that makes all of its content available to processors, so that processors need not to access the shared memory in a serial fashion. Rather than having one processor access a single location in the shared memory at a time, we force each location to be available to all processors at a specific time. This new memory system is fast and simple, because it does not need decoders and can use the DRAM or SRAM technology efficiently as the access of each location is known ahead of time. Results show that this new memory improves a single processor performance by 350% and the performance of eight parallel processors by 2400%. The new memory decouples the slow memory from the fast processor and makes the parallel processors scalable to an infinite number of processors.</p>
Equalization of Multiuser Wireless CDMA Downlink Considering Transmitter Nonlinearity Using Walsh Codes
Authors: Pinter Stephen Z. , Fernando Xavier 
Published: November 2022

<p>Transmitter nonlinearity has been a major issue in many scenarios: cellular wireless systems have high power RF amplifier (HPA) nonlinearity at the base station; satellite downlinks have nonlinear TWT amplifiers in the satellite transponder and multipath conditions in the ground station; and radio-over-fiber (ROF) systems consist of a nonlinear optical link followed by a wireless channel. In many cases, the nonlinearity is simply ignored if there is no out-of-band emission. This results in poor BER performance. In this paper we propose a new technique to estimate the linear part of the wireless downlink in the presence of a nonlinearity using Walsh codes; Walsh codes are commonly used in CDMA downlinks. Furthermore, we show that equalizer performance is significantly improved by taking into account the presence of the nonlinearity during channel estimation. This is shown by using a regular decision feedback equalizer (DFE) with both wireless and RF amplifier noise. We perform estimation in a multiuser CDMA communication system where all users transmit their signal simultaneously. Correlation analysis is applied to identify the channel impulse response (CIR) and the derivation of key correlation relationships is shown. A difficulty with using Walsh codes in terms of their correlations (compared to PN sequences) is then presented, as well as a discussion on how to overcome it. Numerical evaluations show a good estimation of the linear system with 54 users in the downlink and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 25 dB. Bit error rate ( BER) simulations of the proposed identification and equalization algorithms show a BER of 10(-6) achieved at an SNR of similar to 25 dB.</p>
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Enhancement of Physiological Stress Classification using Psychometric Features
Authors: Magtibay Karl , Fernando Xavier , Umapathy Karthi 
Published: November 2022

<p>Psychological data features are underutilized in many acute stress studies since they are challenging to replicate and validate due to their inherent subjectivity. However, psychology and perception play essential roles in stress research according to the well-established allostatic load model. Therefore, we demonstrate the importance of accounting for psychological data in acute stress research in an ambulatory setting through a joint analysis. We enhanced stress classification by combining psychometric features with standard physiological signal features. We used the publicly available Wearable Stress and Affect Database (WESAD), from which we obtained physiological signals and psychological self-assessments from 15 participants. For each participant, a set of physiologically relevant features were extracted from each signal type. In parallel, we adapted psychometric features, positive emotion (PEscore) and negative emotion (NEscore) scores, by calculating the weighted average of self-evaluation scores. Using a stepwise feature selection and a linear-discriminant-analysis-based classifier, we found that PEscore along with select physiological signal features, could enhance cross-validated stress classification accuracy by 8%, higher than a previous benchmark study using the same dataset. More importantly, we found that such a classification accuracy could be achieved with significantly fewer physiological signal features (by 20 times) with the aid of a psychometric feature. Finally, we found that psychometric features could indicate the type of perceived stress relating to an individual's mood descriptor scores. Thus. a combination of psychometric and physiological data could be beneficial towards improving the detection and management of stress and support the development of holistic stress models.</p>
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A Finer Reduction of Constraint Problems to Digraphs
Authors: Bulin Jakub , Delic Dejan , Jackson Marcel , NIven Todd 
Published: November 2022

<p>It is well known that the constraint satisfaction problem over a general relational structure A is polynomial time equivalent to the constraint problem over some associated digraph. We present a variant of this construction and show that the corresponding constraint satisfaction problem is logspace equivalent to that over A. Moreover, we show that almost all of the commonly encountered polymorphism properties are held equivalently on the A and the constructed digraph. As a consequence, the Algebraic CSP dichotomy conjecture as well as the conjectures characterizing CSPs solvable in logspace and in nondeterministic logspace are equivalent to their restriction to digraphs.</p>
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El excesivo uso de la prisión preventiva en la jurisdicción penal ecuatoriana
Authors: Mogrovejo Lituma Miguel Ángel , Olivo Cerda Fausto Patricio , Quevedo Quinteros Ramiro 
Published: November 2022

El excesivo uso de la prisión preventiva, ha demostrado la vulneración de derechos que existe dentro del Ecuador y su sistema penitenciario vigente en la legislación, debido a que, cuando una persona ha sido procesada por un delito que no exceda los 5 años de privación de libertad, dentro del proceso se han dictado medidas cautelares alternativas las cuales pueden ser dispuestas por los administradores de justicia en nuestro país, Jueces de garantías penales, por ello se debe analizar que, la prisión preventiva llega a ser una pena anticipada para la persona imputada y, esta medida cautelar se debería aplicar como una de última ratio; la finalidad de este trabajo de investigación es, desarrollar un fundamento jurídico para poder identificar de una manera clara la situación jurídica que se vive en el Ecuador específicamente en el cantón Azogues, respecto de esta mal utilizada medida cautelar. Por lo tanto, es necesario comprender varias definiciones, generalidades, antecedentes históricos, análisis de derechos, y recalcar los principios esenciales que se ven vulnerados en relación con la prisión preventiva, garantías que tienen las personas privadas de la libertad, realizando un análisis sobre lo mencionado en derecho comparado. Por último, cabe señalar, la importancia de precedentes jurisprudenciales de la prisión preventiva, las cuales serán analizadas mediante un fundamento jurídico, constitucional y legal que se encuentra en la Constitución de la República del Ecuador, los tratados internacionales de Derechos Humanos y el Código Orgánico Integral penal., del mismo modo se realizará una revisión bibliográfica utilizando artículos científicos, referentes al tema del uso excesivo de la prisión preventiva, en delitos menores a cinco años, se realizarán encuestas a abogados de libre ejercicio y jueces de la ciudad de Azogues, con la finalidad de proponer alguna alternativa que ayude a la solución de esta problemática.
Mucormycosis at the Time of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review
Authors: Islam Mohammod Kamrul , Chowdhury Tahaani Al Hoque 
Published: November 2022

Mucormycosis, an opportunistic fungal illness, has become a global health problem in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is mostly owing to a dramatic spike in COVID-19 infection in recent months in India, which was exacerbated by this fungal co-infection. Mucormycosis has an exceptionally high probability of death and lasting damage to the affected area. Although early action can save lives and mitigate the fungus's impact, it is frequently hard for the already overwhelmed health system in India due to the pandemic. Other variables, such as diabetes, have had a significant impact on the disease's outcome.
Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, April 2022;9(Suppl_1): S55-S57
El sistema financiero y el rol que cumple en el desarrollo económico y social del Ecuador
Authors: Ortega-Ajila Flor , Ramírez-Arias Tamia , Zúñiga-Reyes Gladys 
Published: November 2022

El papel que presentan las instituciones financieras en lo que corresponde a la economía de cada país es de suma importancia, ya que por medio de ellas se lleva a cabo un eficiente proceso de asignación en cuanto a los recursos de los agentes económicos, fomentando así la inversión productiva. Los mercados financieros que pretenden dirigir ahorros hacia las inversiones productivas y permitir que las empresas y personas gestiones riesgos por medio de la diversificación y los seguros, por medio de ellos, el sistema financiero juega un papel de suma importancia en el desarrollo económico y social de los países al momento de gestionar riesgos y canalizar el capital para el consumo e inversión. Por otra parte, los acuerdos internacionales admiten que los objetivos que tienen que ver con el desarrollo sostenible y los compromisos que asume el país pueden permitir que el rol del sistema financiero, se presente de acuerdo al dinamismo y las exigencias de cada mercado al que se estima llegar.
Palabras clave: sistema financiero, economía, desarrollo económico, desarrollo social, inversión
Global trends and current status of distraction osteogenesis: Bibliometric analysis of publications from 1980 to 2021
Authors: Liu Qi , Liang Jieyu , Liu Ze , Guo Hongbin , Wang Min , Zhang Yi 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Distraction osteogenesis (DO) has become an important technology for the correction of various congenital and acquired skeletal ridge deformities. It is widely used in oral and maxillofacial surgery, orthopedics, and other disciplines. From 1980 to 2021, the cutting-edge research of DO has been continuously promoted, and the interaction between disciplines has also been deepening. However, the analysis on the global trend and status of DO is relatively rare. Therefore, the aim of our study was to summarize the global trends and current status of DO through bibliometrics.Materials and methods: Web of Science (WOS) core collection database and Medline were used to search DO-related literatures published during 1980–2021. The collected data are imported into Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, VOSviewer software for analysis and drawing figure/table.Results: A total of 7,721 publications were included in this study. The United States is the main contributing country to DO (ranking first in terms of total publications, sum of times cited and H-index). Harvard University was the main contributing institution to DO. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery is the main contributing journal of DO related articles. Buchman, SR is the main contributing author to DO related articles. DO related publications can be summarized into 7 clusters: 1) “mechanism study”, 2) “limb bone distraction study”, 3) “alveolar bone distraction study”, 4) “temporomandibular joint ankylosis study”, 5) “maxillofacial surgery study”, 6) “skull distraction study” and 7) “mandible distraction study”. Mandible distraction study has been a hot topic in recent years. In addition, the “management”, “osteogenesis” and “reconstruction” of DO have been the research hotspots from 1980 to 2021.Conclusion: From 1980 to 2021, the total number of DO articles has increased rapidly and maintained a steady trend. The United States is the predominant country in the field. Surgery, dental, and oral surgery and orthopaedics are hot fields of DO research. The study of mandible distraction has been paid more and more attention and will become a hotspot in the future. Our study is beneficial for scientists to specify the research hotspot and development direction of DO.
MSCs vs. iPSCs: Potential in therapeutic applications
Authors: Thanaskody Kalaiselvaan , Jusop Amirah Syamimi , Tye Gee Jun , Wan Kamarul Zaman Wan Safwani , Dass Sylvia Annabel , Nordin Fazlina 
Published: November 2022

Over the past 2 decades, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted a lot of interest as a unique therapeutic approach for a variety of diseases. MSCs are capable of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capacity, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties allowing it to play a role in regenerative medicine. Furthermore, MSCs are low in tumorigenicity and immune privileged, which permits the use of allogeneic MSCs for therapies that eliminate the need to collect MSCs directly from patients. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be generated from adult cells through gene reprogramming with ectopic expression of specific pluripotency factors. Advancement in iPS technology avoids the destruction of embryos to make pluripotent cells, making it free of ethical concerns. iPSCs can self-renew and develop into a plethora of specialized cells making it a useful resource for regenerative medicine as they may be created from any human source. MSCs have also been used to treat individuals infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. MSCs have undergone more clinical trials than iPSCs due to high tumorigenicity, which can trigger oncogenic transformation. In this review, we discussed the overview of mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. We briefly present therapeutic approaches and COVID-19-related diseases using MSCs and iPSCs.
Synthesis of 14H-dibenzoxanthenes in green media using Sn(II)/nano silica as an efficient catalyst
Authors: Tavakol Hossein , Firouzi Mahdieh 
Published: November 2022

In this project, Sn(II)/nano silica has been prepared using a simple deposition of SnCl2.2.H2O on nano-silica. The prepared catalyst has been used as a green and reusable catalyst for synthesis of 14H-dibenzoxanthenes through a one-pot condensation reaction of β-naphthol with various aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes. Several xanthene derivatives have been synthesized using ethanol as the solvent, 10 mol percent of the catalyst, at reflux condition, in 3 h, and by 48%–94% yield. The structures of the synthesized derivatives are confirmed by melting point, FT-IR, 13C-NMR, and 1H-NMR analyses. Additionally, the nanocatalyst composition was confirmed by SEM, EDX, FT-IR, and XRD.
Pyridinic nitrogen dominated doping on Pd/carbon catalysts for enhanced hydrogenation performance
Authors: He Limin , Wang Yangdong , Wang Can , Liu Zhicheng , Xie Zaiku 
Published: November 2022

The hydrogenation of 4-carboxylbenzaldehyde over Pd catalysts is a crucial process during the production of pure terephthalic acid. Herein, ZIF-8 derived carbon materials (NC) with adjustable N types were synthesized and used as the supports of Pd catalysts. Pd supported on NC with 50.5% of pyridinic N exhibited best hydrogenation activity with a TOF value of 4.1 min−1. The microstructures of NC support and electronic structures of Pd in Pd/NC were investigated by techniques such as XRD, N2 physisorption, XPS, H2-O2 titration and TEM. The nitrogen species in CN surface not only can adjust chemical state and dispersion of Pd nanoparticles (NPs), but also promote the adsorption and activation capability of H2 molecular. Besides, the ratio of Pd0/Pd2+ and Pd dispersion were closely correlated with pyridinic nitrogen content. The improvement in hydrogenation activity and stability of Pd/CN catalyst in relative to Pd/C were ascribed to the synergistic effect of pyridinic nitrogen and active site Pd0.