bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical technique for self-absorption structure of iron L-emission spectra obtained by soft X-ray emission spectrometer
Authors: Yokoyama Takaomi D , Takahashi Hideyuki , Koshiya Shogo , Murano Takanori , Terauchi Masami 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The method deriving the L self-absorption spectrum from Lα,β emission spectra obtained at different accelerating voltages has been optimized for analyzing the chemical state of Fe in solid materials. Fe Lα,β emission spectra obtained are fitted using Pseudo-Voigt functions and normalized by the integrated intensity of each Fe Ll line, which is not affected by L2,3 absorption edge. The self-absorption spectrum is calculated by dividing the normalized intensity profile collected at low accelerating voltage by that collected at a higher accelerating voltage. The obtained profile is referred to as soft X-ray self-absorption structure (SX-SAS). This method is applied to six Fe-based materials (Fe metal, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, FeS and FeS2) to observe different chemical states of Fe in those materials. By comparing the self-absorption spectra of iron oxides, one can observe the L3 absorption peak structure shows a shift to the higher energy side as ferric (3+) Fe increases with respect to ferrous (+2) Fe. The intensity profiles of self-absorption spectra of metallic Fe and FeS2 shows shoulder structures between the L3 and L2 absorption peaks, which were not observed in spectra of Fe oxides. These results indicate that the SX-SAS technique is useful to examine X-ray absorption structure as a means to understand the chemical states of transition metal elements.
Composing Local Contexts
Authors: Barker Chris 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn expression’s presuppositions must be satisfied by its local context, that is, by the utterance context updated with the content of expressions that have already been evaluated. Traditional dynamic approaches track local context by remaking clause denotations into context update functions. This requires crafting for each semantic operator an update recipe that is not fully determined by its truth conditions, failing to capture how local contexts depend only on truth conditions and order of evaluation. In other theories, computing local contexts involves reasoning about the set of all possible grammatical syntactic completions, which relocates local contexts outside of the semantics. I show how to build local contexts systematically and uniformly as part of the composition of ordinary truth conditions. The result is a minimalist dynamic semantics in which the only thing that is dynamically tracked is the semantic content of what has already been said.
Review of Commercially Available Supraglottic Airway Devices for Prehospital Combat Casualty Care
Authors: Copeland Grant B , Zilevicius Danielius J , Bedolla Carlos N , Islas Andres L , Guerra Marisa N , Salazar Sophia J , De Lorenzo Robert A , Schauer Steven G , Hood R Lyle 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Airway obstruction is the second leading cause of potentially survivable death on the battlefield. The Committee on Tactical Combat Casualty Care lists airway optimization among the top 5 battlefield research and development priorities; however, studies show that combat medics lack access to the recommended supraglottic airway (SGA) devices. SGA devices are an alternative airway management technique to endotracheal tube intubation. Reports have shown SGA devices are easier to use and take fewer attempts to provide patent airflow to the patient when compared to endotracheal tube intubation. Military settings require a higher degree of skill to perform airway management on patients due to the environment, limited availability of equipment, and potential chaos of the battlefield. Finding the optimal SGA device for the military setting is an unmet need. The International Organization for Standardization describes basic functional requirements for SGA devices, as well as patient configurations and size limitations. Beyond that, no SGA device manufacturer states that their devices are intended for military settings.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a market review of 25 SGA devices that may meet inclusion into the medics’ aid bag. The company’s official “Instructions for Use” document, Google Scholar, and FDA reports were reviewed to obtain information for each SGA device.

Results
Twenty-five commercially available SGA devices are explored from manufacturer online sources. A commercially available device list is shown later in this paper, which provides the device’s features, indications, and contraindications based on the manufacturer’s product information documentation.

Conclusions
There are a variety of devices that require further testing to determine whether they should be included in sets, kits, and outfits.
The Doctrinal Development of Contemporary Islamic Law: Fiqh Academies as an Institutional Framework
Authors: Gad Makhlouf Ahmed 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The rise of modernity, with its tremendous changes and challenges, has had an impact on Islamic law. Among the most recent developments there is—at an institutional and doctrinal level—the emergence of fiqh bodies dealing with contemporary issues based on a collective decision-making process. In contrast to this modern approach of law making, the emphasis on individual legal decision-making was common in the pre-modern era. These fiqh academies have contributed to the substantive development of present Islamic law due to its immense output (qarārāt or resolutions). This essay aims to represent the research methodology and legal performance of fiqh academies as a contemporary framework for the formation of Islamic law and their role in the development of legal doctrine. Thereupon, this article intends, on the one hand, to contribute to the study of the developments of present Islamic law; on the other, it examines the relationship of the legal norms developed by contemporary fiqh academies and traditional schools of law and their methodology of law making.
Persistent post-discharge symptoms after COVID-19 in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases
Authors: Leon Leticia , Perez-Sancristobal Ines , Madrid Alfredo , Lopez-Pedraza Leticia , Colomer Jose Ignacio , Lerma Sergio , Lois Pia , Mucientes Arkaitz , Rodriguez-Rodriguez Luis , Fernandez-Gutierrez Benjamin , Abasolo Lydia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to describe persistent symptoms and sequelae in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) after admission owing to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), assessing the role of autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) compared with non-autoimmune rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (NARDs) on persistent symptoms and sequelae.

Methods
We performed an observational study including RMD patients who attended a rheumatology clinic in Madrid and required admission owing to COVID-19 (between March and May 2020) and survived. The study began at discharge and ran until October 2020. Main outcomes were persistence of symptoms and sequelae related to COVID-19. The independent variable was the RMD group (ARD and NARD). Covariates included sociodemographics, clinical and treatment data. We ran a multivariate logistic regression model to assess the risk of the main outcomes by RMD group.

Results
We included 105 patients, of whom 51.5% had ARD and 68.57% reported at least one persistent symptom. The most frequent symptoms were dyspnoea, fatigue and chest pain. Sequelae were recorded in 31 patients. These included lung damage in 10.4% of patients, lymphopenia in 10%, a central retinal vein occlusion and an optic neuritis. Two patients died. Eleven patients required re-admission owing to COVID-19 problems (16.7% ARD vs 3.9% NARD; P = 0.053). No statistically significant differences were found between RMD groups in the final models.

Conclusion
Many RMD patients have persistent symptoms, as in other populations. Lung damage is the most frequent sequela. Compared with NARD, ARD does not seem to differ in terms of persistent symptoms or consequences, although ARD might have more re-admissions owing to COVID-19.
Analysis of Postoperative Gait, Hip Strength, and Patient-Reported Outcomes After OTA/AO 61-B and 61-C Pelvic Ring Injuries
Authors: Dean Chase S. , Nadeau Jason , Strage Katya E. , Tucker Nicholas J. , Chambers Lori , Worster Kate , Rojas David , Schneider Gary , Johnson Tony , Hunt Kenneth , Parry Joshua A. , Mauffrey Cyril 
Published: February 2022

Objectives:
To examine clinical gait parameters, hip muscle strength, pelvic functional outcomes, and psychological outcomes after surgical fixation of OTA/AO 61-B and 61-C pelvic ring injuries.

Design:
Retrospective review identified 10 OTA/AO 61-B patients and 9 OTA/AO 61-C patients for recruitment who were between 1 and 5 years after pelvic fixation. Gait and strength assessments, and patient-reported outcome scores were performed/collected and analyzed.

Setting:
Outpatient clinical motion performance laboratory.

Patients/Participants:
Patients with OTA/AO 61-B and OTA/AO 61-C fractures who were between 1 and 5 years after pelvic fixation.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Hip strength, kinetics, and spatial–temporal outcomes; Majeed Pelvic Outcome Score; Short Form 36; Hamilton Anxiety/Depression Rating Scales.

Results:
There were no differences in age, body mass index, or time since definitive fixation between OTA/AO 61-B and 61-C groups. The OTA/AO 61-C group had higher median injury severity scores, longer length of stay, and greater postoperative pelvic fracture displacement. There was no difference in bilateral hip strength, bilateral peak hip moments, peak hip power, and walking speed between groups. Patients with OTA/AO 61-C fractures had lower scores on Short Form 36 General Health and Majeed Work, with a trend toward a lower Total Majeed score. There were no differences in self-reported total anxiety and depression symptoms.

Conclusions:
This study did not identify any gait, strength, or psychological differences between OTA/AO 61-B and 61-C injuries at 1–5 years of follow-up. However, increased injury severity in OTA/AO 61-C patients may have residual consequences on perceived general health and ability to work. This pilot study establishes a template for future research into functional recovery of patients with severe pelvic ring trauma.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Preanalytical Stability of Flucloxacillin, Piperacillin, Tazobactam, Meropenem, Cefalexin, Cefazolin, and Ceftazidime in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: A Structured Review
Authors: Mortensen Janni S. , Jensen Berit P. , Doogue Matthew 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Therapeutic drug monitoring is increasingly being used to optimize beta-lactam antibiotic dosing. Because beta-lactams are inherently unstable, confirming preanalytical sample stability is critical for reporting reliable results. This review aimed to summarize the published literature on the preanalytical stability of selected widely prescribed beta-lactams used in therapeutic drug monitoring.

Methods:
The published literature (2010–2020) on the preanalytical stability of flucloxacillin, piperacillin, tazobactam, meropenem, cefalexin, cefazolin, and ceftazidime in human plasma, serum, and whole blood was reviewed. Articles examining preanalytical stability at room temperature, refrigerated, or frozen (−20°C) using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry or ultraviolet detection were included.

Results:
Summarizing the available data allowed for general observations to be made, although data were conflicting in some cases (piperacillin, tazobactam, ceftazidime, and meropenem at room temperature, refrigerated, or −20°C) or limited (cefalexin, cefazolin, and flucloxacillin at −20°C). Overall, with the exception of the more stable cefazolin, preanalytical instability was observed after 6–12 hours at room temperature, 2–3 days when refrigerated, and 1–3 weeks when frozen at −20°C. In all cases, excellent stability was detected at −70°C. Studies focusing on preanalytical stability reported poorer stability than studies investigating stability as part of method validation.

Conclusions:
Based on this review, as general guidance, clinical samples for beta-lactam analysis should be refrigerated and analyzed within 2 days or frozen at −20°C and analyzed within 1 week. For longer storage times, freezing at −70°C was required to ensure sample stability. This review highlights the importance of conducting well-designed preanalytical stability studies on beta-lactams and other potentially unstable drugs under clinically relevant conditions.
Executive Summary of the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pelvic Girdle Pain in the Postpartum Population
Authors: Simonds Adrienne H. , Abraham Karen , Spitznagle Theresa 
Published: February 2022

Pelvic girdle pain (PGP) is defined as pain experienced between the posterior iliac crest and the gluteal fold, particularly in the vicinity of the sacroiliac joint. Pelvic girdle pain is common postpartum and may result from pregnancy-related factors. Pelvic girdle pain is a leading cause of disability postpartum, and some individuals develop persistent pain.
A clinical practice guideline (CPG) on PGP in the antenatal population is available. However, there is a need to explicitly focus on PGP in postpartum individuals because of the impacts of childbirth, the unique biological changes that occur postpartum, and the influence of psychosocial factors during this critical time. Historically, compared to the antepartum, there has been a reduced emphasis on postpartum health in clinical practice and research.
Therefore, the purpose of this CPG is to provide evidence-based recommendations for physical therapist management of PGP in the postpartum population. This executive summary provides background information and recommendations to guide physical therapist practice. The full CPG is available online.
Lived Experiences of Young Adults With Lymphoma During Acute Survivorship
Authors: Vena Joseph A. , Copel Linda , McDermott-Levy Ruth 
Published: February 2022

Background
Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma are hematologic malignancies of the lymphatic system with increased prevalence in young adults. Numerous studies have examined the health-related quality of life dimensions in young adults with lymphoma; yet, limited research has investigated the experiences of this population.

Objective
This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of young adults with Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 8) receiving acute treatment from one National Cancer Institute–Designated Cancer Center in the Northeastern United States.

Methods
A qualitative interpretive phenomenological study design and method was applied to explore the lived experiences of young adults with lymphoma during acute survivorship.

Results
The participants lived experiences were shaped by the diagnostic challenges and impediments of cancer and lymphoma in young adults. Through postdiagnosis, they were determined to safeguard parents and close family members from the burden of cancer. The bonds between medical oncologists and nurses offered the participants a dynamic structure to endure acute survivorship.

Conclusion
Cancer was challenging to diagnose in this sample of young adults with lymphoma. The presence of nurses was shown to be deeply impactful for young adults with lymphoma. More research is necessary to understand the experiences of young adults with lymphoma through extended or long-term survivorship.

Implications for Practice
Healthcare providers require additional education regarding the diagnostic guidelines in young adult patients with lymphoma. This study underscores the importance of well-defined and structured postdiagnosis survivorship care in young adults with lymphoma.
Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool Questionnaire
Authors: Santana-Domínguez Irene , González-de la Torre Héctor , Verdú-Soriano José , Nolasco Andreu , Martín-Martínez Alicia 
Published: February 2022

Objectives
This study aimed to assess the validity and psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (SVEST-E) questionnaire.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study aimed at midwives and obstetricians in Spain. An online survey was conducted consisting of 2 parts: the first part collected different variables, and the second part collected the SVEST-E. The temporal stability of the instrument was evaluated using the test-retest method. For the construct validity and reliability, an exploratory factor analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis were performed using FACTOR program v.10 with a polychoric correlation matrix.

Results
A total of 689 professionals participated in the study (323 obstetrician physicians/366 midwives). The mean (SD) score on the SVEST-E for the total sample was 3.09 (0.50). The parallel analysis of the exploratory factor analysis suggested a 5-factor solution, with a total explained variability of 61.8%. The goodness-of-fit indices of the model were the following: root mean square error of approximation = 0.038 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.031–0.042) and comparative fit index = 0.989 (95% CI, 0.988–0.992). The factor model obtained was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis, obtaining the values of root mean square error of approximation = 0.038 (95% CI, 0.026–0.053) and comparative fit index = 0.989 (95% CI, 0.969–1.000). The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.94–0.99).

Conclusions
The SVEST-E instrument maintains the same items as the original questionnaire but introduces changes in the organization of its dimensions. The Spanish version maintains adequate construct validity, reliability, and temporal stability, so it is a valid tool to evaluate the second victim experience in Spanish health professionals.
Are the World Health Organization’s Patient Safety Learning Objectives Still Up-to-Date: A Group Concept Mapping Study
Authors: Vogt Lina , Stoyanov Slavi , Bergs Jochen , Schröder Hanna , Drachsler Hendrik , Klasen Martin , Sopka Saša 
Published: February 2022

Background
The World Health Organization (WHO) Patient Safety Curriculum Guide defines learning objectives for patient safety. Current implementation in healthcare education is insufficient. Possible explanations may be obsolescence and/or a shift in needs. We investigated whether overarching topics and specific learning objectives of the WHO Patient Safety Curriculum Guide are still up-to-date, their attributed importance, and their perceived difficulty to achieve.

Methods
Experts on patient safety and medical education from 3 European countries were asked to suggest learning objectives concerning patient safety using group concept mapping. Following 3 successive steps, experts rated ideas by importance and difficulty to achieve. Correlation analyses investigated the relationship between those. Overarching topics of the learning goals (clusters) were identified with multivariate analysis.

Results
A total of 119 statements about intended learning objectives on patient safety were generated, of which 86 remained for sorting and rating. Based on multivariate analyses, 10 overarching topics (clusters) emerged. Both the learning objectives and the overarching topics showed high correspondence with the WHO Patient Safety Curriculum Guide. Strong correlations emerged between importance and difficulty ratings for learning objectives and overarching topics.

Conclusions
The WHO Patient Safety Curriculum Guide’s learning goals are still relevant and up-to-date. Remarkably, learning objectives categorized as highly important are also perceived as difficult to achieve. In summary, the insufficient implementation in medical curricula cannot be attributed to the content of the learning goals. The future focus should be on how the WHO learning goals can be implemented in existing curricular courses.
Increased 99mTc-Sestamibi Activity in Giant Cell Tumor of Bone
Authors: Hu Geng , Zhou Weina , Bai Xia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A 99mTc-sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy was performed in a 27-year-old woman to evaluate possible hyperparathyroidism. The images did not identify any parathyroid abnormality. However, an intense activity was noted in the proximal left upper extremity, which was confirmed as giant cell tumor of the proximal left humerus by pathological examination.
COVID-19 Vaccine–Induced Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome With Polyserositis Detected by FDG PET/CT
Authors: Lee Soo Jin , Park Dong Won , Sohn Jang Won , Yoon Ho Joo , Kim Sang-Heon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Of the various adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines, fever is a common systemic symptom that often resolves spontaneously without treatment. However, rare vaccine-induced conditions that present with fever and systemic inflammation have been reported. In this case, a 65-year-old man with BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT to evaluate prolonged fever and elevated serum C-reactive protein. PET/CT showed hypermetabolic infiltration in the pericardium and peritoneum suggesting immune-mediated pericarditis and peritonitis. After administration of high-dose corticosteroids, the patient's symptom resolved. This case suggests that multisystem inflammatory syndrome and polyserositis can be induced by the COVID-19 vaccine.