bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemistry of tellurium containing macrocycles
Authors: Kamboj Monika 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The chemistry of Tellurium containing macrocycles has received great attraction and developed rapidly. Recently inorganic chemists are fascinated by ligands containing macrocycles having tellurium as soft donor and N and O as hard donor atoms. The tellurium atom is more electropositive than carbon due to its large size that resulted in polarisation of Te–C bond. So, tellurium containing macrocycles are explored due to their high reactivity and toxicity. Well-designed macrocycles containing different metals is an interesting field of chemistry as macrocycle with mixed donor atoms can bind two different metal atoms with different nature within the same cavity and thereby ion selectivity increases. Chemistry of macrocycles with tellurium as soft donor atoms also gives rise to very interesting coordination behaviour as addition of Tellurium in macrocycle adds an additional probe (125Te NMR help to monitor their structures in solutions). The chemistry of hard and soft donors in macrocyclic framework makes interesting coordination chemistry and need to be explore. The discussion includes different types of tellurium macrocycles and their chemistry.
Status of the decay data for medical radionuclides: existing and potential diagnostic γ emitters, diagnostic β+ emitters and therapeutic radioisotopes
Authors: Nichols Alan L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Recommended half-lives and specific well-defined emission energies and absolute emission probabilities are important input parameters that should be well-defined to assist in ensuring the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of individual radionuclides when applied in the field of nuclear medicine. Bearing in mind the nature of these requirements, approximately one hundred radionuclides have been considered and re-assessed as to whether their decay data are either adequately quantified, or require further in-depth measurements to improve their existing status and merit full re-evaluations of their decay schemes. The primary aim of such a review is to provide sufficient information on the existing and future requirements for such atomic and nuclear data.
Failure prevention of seafloor composite pipelines using enhanced strain-based design
Authors: Thang Vul , Hui David , Zhou Jianren , Marshall Peter W. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Steel pipes are widely used in offshore structures and buried seafloor pipelines. Buried single-wall pipelines or piles of fixed offshore platforms crossing the earthquake fault can experience very large displacement, which could cause considerable damages or failures to the pipes. The elevated strains induced in pipelines from welding connection between the pipes also can drastically reduce the pipe’s performance. Therefore, to prevent these types of damages and failures, this research used an enhanced strain-based design method along with finite element analysis, developed bonded and unbonded double-wall composite pipes, which were in replacement of the single-wall ones, and studied the effects of welding on the double-wall composite pipeline in terms of wrinkles, ovalization, stresses, and strain. Here, the double-wall annulus of the pipelines was grouted with polymer. Extensive experiments were performed with displacement loads being applied to the pipelines in clay and in air and the results were analyzed. It was found that using an enhanced strain-based design method, failures in the pipelines could be significantly reduced or possibly even eliminated. This work would also potentially lead to a new area of research in the oil and gas industries since the elevated strains induced in pipelines due to weld could lead to several modes of failure. In addition, this research found some significant impacts in terms of safety due to the bond between steel and polymer and weld imperfection in the pipelines.
A novel eudesmol derivative from the leaf essential oil of Guatteria friesiana (Annonaceae) and evaluation of the antinociceptive activity
Authors: Costa Emmanoel V. , Alencar Menezes Leociley R. , Dutra Lívia M. , Pinheiro Maria Lúcia B. , Lavor Érica M. , Silva Mariana G. , Alves Cristiane dos S. C. , Almeida Jackson R. G. S. , da Silva Felipe Moura A. , Koolen Hector H. F. , Barison Andersson 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the present study, it was evaluated the chemical composition and the antinociceptive activity of the essential oil obtained from the leaves of Guatteria friesiana. Seven compounds corresponding to 96.2% of the crude essential oil were identified. The main components identified were the mixture of β-eudesmol and α-eudesmol (58.1%), and γ-eudesmol (16.8%). A new α-eudesmol derivative, named 5-hydroxy-α-eudesmol, was isolated together with the known compounds β-eudesmol and a mixture of α-eudesmol, β-eudesmol and γ-eudesmol of the essential oil. The chemical structures were determined by 1D and 2D NMR, and MS experiments. Essential oil has significant antinociceptive properties, which are related probably with the involvement of the opioid receptors and K+-ATP channels.
Linezolid decreases Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation by affecting the IcaA and IcaB proteins
Authors: Bi Hongxia , Deng Rong , Liu Yanbin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
The ica gene of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) plays a vital role in its growth and biofilm formation. Among them, IcaA and IcaB are critical proteins for synthesizing extracellular polysaccharides and biofilms in S. aureus. To investigate whether the formation of S. aureus biofilms can be inhibited through the IcaA and IcaB proteins by the presence of linezolid.

Methods
The icaA and icaB genes of S. aureus ATCC 25923 were silenced by homologous recombination. The critical roles of icaA and icaB in S. aureus were analysed by observing the growth curve and biofilm formation after linezolid treatment. Then, the effect of linezolid on the morphology of S. aureus was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the potential binding ability of linezolid to Ica proteins was predicted by molecular docking.

Results
The icaA- and icaB-silenced strains were successfully constructed, and the sensitivity of S. aureus to linezolid was decreased after icaA and icaB silencing. Scanning electron microscopy showed that linezolid caused invagination of the S. aureus surface and reduced the production of biofilms. Molecular docking results showed that linezolid could bind to IcaA and IcaB proteins.

Conclusion
IcaA and IcaB are potential targets of linezolid in inhibiting the biofilm formation of S. aureus (ATCC 25923).
Just a pale shadow? The characterization of Briseis in Homer’s Iliad
Authors: Molli Linda 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper aims at analysing the character of Briseis, Achilles’ slave in the Iliad, through the lenses of narratology, in order to highlight her importance in the poem. Far from being a pale shadow, Briseis has a privileged position among captive women in the Greek camp not only because she is the cause of the quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon, but also because she is endowed with the privilege of direct speech; at the same time, she is also linked to important women on the Trojan side, like Helen and Andromache. Through scattered bits of information about her past, through epithets and periphrases, Homer creates an in fieri portrait of the character which culminates in the lament Briseis performs on the corpse of Patroclus in Il. XIX 282–302: in remarkable lines containing her first and unique speech in the Iliad, Briseis mourns for the death of her beloved friend, while lamenting her unlucky fate. As this paper will hopefully make clear, a refined and accurate characterization provides Briseis with a rich profile, which challenges the possibility of labelling her as a minor Iliadic character.
Megaclides of Athens and the Homeric Exegesis between Aristotle and Aristarchus
Authors: Fogagnolo Marta 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The paper aims to investigate the influence of the Peripatus on the Alexandrian Homeric philology and exegesis. This relationship is examined through the study of the Homeric fragments of the Peripatetic Megaclides of Athens. In a fragment specifically dedicated to the poetic portrayal of Heracles, it is possible to observe a distinction between Homer and post-Homeric poets and a devaluation of the latter’s renewal of Homeric themes. Both observations recur also in the Aristarchean exegesis, which indicates the post-Homeric poets with the derogatory expression οἱ νϵώτϵροι, perhaps already employed for this purpose by the Peripatus.
Florence as the New Jerusalem in Ugolino Verino’s Carlias
Authors: Febrer Oriol 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ugolino Verino (1438–1516) wrote an impressive Latin epic poem on Charlemagne, the Carlias. In this paper, both internal and contextual arguments are put forth in support of the interpretation of Florence as the New Jerusalem in this poem, a hypothesis already made by the first (and only) modern editor of the work. First, the internal arguments come from an analysis of the passage in which the refoundation of Florence takes place and from the structure of the entire composition, a clearly eschatological narrative. Then, the similarities and debts with relevant previous and contemporary apocalyptic literature on the Second Charlemagne are pointed out.
Cooling capacity of experimental system with natural refrigerant circulation and condenser radiative cooling
Authors: Tsoy Alexandr , Granovskiy Alexandr , Tsoy Diana , Koretskiy Dmitriy 
Published: May 2022

The surface of the Earth is a source of radiation of thermal energy, which, passing through the atmosphere, is partially absorbed while the bulk of the energy is released into the surrounding outer space. A cooling technique based on this physical phenomenon is known as radiative cooling (RC). It is possible to reduce the consumption of electricity for cooling, as well as to reduce capital costs, by integrating the unit with radiative cooling directly into the circulation circuit of the refrigerant of the refrigeration machine. An experimental refrigeration system has been designed, in which in the cold periods of the year the removal of heat from the cooled object is carried out due to the mode of natural circulation of the refrigerant from the evaporator to the heat exchanger, cooled by radiative cooling. A refrigeration system with natural circulation and radiative cooling of the refrigerant R134a was experimentally studied during the autumn period in Almaty. The experimental study established that the chamber is cooled with the help of the examined system while the temperature in the cooled volume is maintained by 5...7 K above ambient air temperature at night. The dependence of the air temperature in the refrigerating chamber on the temperature of the atmospheric air has been determined. A procedure for assessing the cooling capacity of the system has been devised.
The study reported here demonstrated the possibility of using radiative cooling to remove heat under the mode of natural circulation of the refrigerant.
The refrigeration system reduces energy consumption in the cold seasons by diverting heat to the environment without the compressor operating
Optimizing unbalanced freight deliveries in transportation networks
Authors: Prokudin Georgii , Chupaylenko Alexey , Khobotnia Tetiana , Remekh Inna , Lyamzin Andrei , Kovalenko Marina 
Published: May 2022

This paper reports a comparative analysis of the known methods for reducing open transportation problems to a balanced form in order to further optimize freight traffic based on them. A series of significant shortcomings have been revealed that largely narrow the scope of their application. A new method has been proposed, termed the method of proportional redistribution of cargo transportation volumes among participants in the transportation process, devoid of the identified shortcomings.
The transportation problem is a special case of the general linear programming problem, to which one of the methods for solving it, namely the simplex one, can be applied. A procedure to construct a simplex table based on the data from the transport table has been described, as well as the algorithm of subsequent simplex transformations.
A transportation problem is often stated in the form of a map of the location of transport hubs of cargo dispatch and destination. A matrix-network model has been proposed, which makes it possible to reduce the network representation to a matrix form with the subsequent finding of the optimal plan for cargo transportation.
In order to identify the priority of methods for reducing open transportation problems to a balanced form, 100 transportation problems that are unbalanced in terms of the volume of cargo transportation were solved. That was done with the help of a designed decision support system for the management of freight transport. As a criterion, the best freight transportation plan was chosen.
As a result, the simplex method proved the best in 48 cases, the coefficient method ‒ in 27, the dummy node method ‒ in 16, and the difference method ‒ in 9 cases. The use of a decision support system for the management of freight transport has increased its efficiency by an average of 25 %
Establishing an interconnection between the technical and technological parameters of milking equipment based on the movement of a milk-air mixture in a milking machine
Authors: Aliiev Elchyn , Paliy Andriy , Dudin Volodymyr , Kis Viktor , Paliy Anatoliy , Ostapenko Volodymyr , Levchenko Iruna , Prihodko Mikola , Korg Olga , Kladnytska Larysa 
Published: May 2022

Machine milking is one of the main technological processes in the dairy industry whose efficiency level largely affects cattle breeding in general. The key role, in this case, belongs to milking equipment. The design and use of technical means of milking are associated with certain difficulties related to the imperfection of milk discharge. Therefore, the current study is due to the need to investigate the process of moving the milk mixture in a milking machine.
A physical-mathematical model of the process of moving the two-phase milk-air mixture along the milk-conducting line of a milking machine has been built. The mathematical model relates the value of the fluctuating of vacuummetric pressure ΔP, the rate of milk discharge QM, the pulse rate ζ, and the value of working vacuummetric pressure P. It was found that in the milk-conducting system with the upper milk pipeline there is a large fluctuation of vacuummetric pressure ΔP=1.02–4.69 kPa, which exceeds the regulated value (2.5 kPa). In a milk-conducting system with a lower milk pipeline, the vacuummetric pressure fluctuation is ΔP=0.59–1.84 kPa.
The patterns of change in the value of working pressure P and the frequency of pulsations ζ in the milking machines of simultaneous and pair action depending on the rate of milk discharge from the udder have been determined.
It is established that the maximum deviation of the value of fluctuation of vacuummetric pressure ΔP between the experimental and theoretical data within a predefined range of factors is 0.81 kPa. The correlation coefficient is 0.92, which indicates the adequacy of the constructed models. Owing to this, the task of the rational choice of milking equipment is resolved
Identifying the mechanism of the mixed-phase flow in the horizontal pipeline using computational fluid dynamic approach
Authors: Aned Ashham Mohammed , Raheemah Saddam Hussein , Fadheel Kareem Idan 
Published: May 2022

In this study, computational analysis has been carried out using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). These calculations have been made to investigate the rheological behavior of the mixed-phase flow in horizontal pipelines. In order to study the shear stress in a vertical pipe, a new numerical model for oil-water dispersion in three dimensions has been developed. CFD software has been used to study the wall shear stress function and water droplet pressure. Using Reynolds numbers and the Navier-Stokes equations with k–turbulence factor to save energy, the flow range for the continuous process was explained. The results from a recent study on experimental methodology were simulated. In this study, the diameter of the tube is 40 mm and the length is 3.5 m and modeled and analyzed using Ansys software. Thus, the geometry has been imported and modeled using the CFD tool. The meshed model has been tested and converged accordingly. The primary data of the simulation have been verified with experimental results successfully. Oil droplet widths have previously been thought to be dependent on the flow Reynolds number, which was confirmed in this case study. Droplet diameter Dd was measured at 6 mm while the mixture moved at a speed of 1.9 m/s. It was found that the largest shear stress value was found at the top of the pipe, where the oil fraction (cut-off) was 0.3, in the simulation results for varied velocities (1.6, 2.5, 2.9 m/s) and oil fraction (cut-off) values. The results of the simulation analysis of the two-phase flow of crude oil for the horizontal pipe are wall shear stresses with different velocities for crude oil in the two-phase flow. As well as pressure drop at different velocities for the same fluids
Improving the strength of composite material through the effective modification of the surface of the cellulose filler
Authors: Kurmanbekova Elmira , Sambetbayeva Aigul 
Published: May 2022

An effective technique has been devised in order to increase the strength of arbolite, based on the method of rice husk thermal treatment. Given the fading of the surface layer of the grains during thermal exposure, the accompanying elements are removed from the outer cellulose fibers of the husk structure, that is, the texture of the surface of the material changes. It is known that the strength of multicomponent materials depends on the strength of bonds between the structural elements and the strength of the elements themselves. In arbolite, the strength of the constituent elements is great but the strength of arbolite almost does not exceed 2.5–3.5 MPa. Therefore, one of the factors determining the strength of arbolite is the adhesion strength of its heterogeneous particles. Therefore, a necessary and mandatory condition for the preparation of rice husks is soaking them in water, as well as the use of chemical additives for their treatment. This study's results established that the surface of the modified rice husk is chemically more active than without treatment. The use of chemical additives made it possible to neutralize the effect of extractive aggregates on cement due to the formation of additional chemical bonds in the contact zone and reduce their toxic effect on cement when removed from this zone. As a result of thermal exposure, a new potential property is revealed in the rice husk, which is expressed in the modification of the husk by changing the texture of its surface, which, when mixed with cement, enhances the adhesive adhesion of the surfaces. The rice husk thermal treatment method was employed to increase the class of arbolite to B 2.0 in terms of compressive strength, that is, arbolite of structural purpose was obtained, used as load-bearing structures in low-rise construction
Development of pumpkin seed meal biscuits
Authors: Gao Dan , Helikh Anna , Duan Zhenhua , Liu Yan , Shang Feifei 
Published: May 2022

Biscuits are common snacks, which have a wide variety of flavors. With the enhancement of modern health awareness, regular biscuits with high sugar, oil, fat and low protein cannot meet the demand of customers. Customers need more healthy biscuits in the market. In this study, pumpkin seed meal, konjac along with low-gluten wheat powder were used as the main material and maltitol was added as a sweetener to make a kind of healthy biscuits with high protein, high dietary fiber and low sugar. Pumpkin seed meal is a by-product of the oil production from pumpkin seed, which has high protein content. Pumpkin seed protein is composed of albumin, globulin, glutenin, and proline. It contains high-quality protein and necessary amino acids for people. Konjac is rich in dietary fiber, which can promote intestinal peristalsis. Maltitol is a healthy sugar substitute. Both of them have a low calorie level. In this study, the effects of the addition ratio of the main material (low-gluten wheat powder, pumpkin seed meal, and konjac powder), the addition ratio of plant oil and butter, and the addition amount of maltitol on the flavor and hardness of the biscuits were analyzed by a single-factor test. Besides, the orthogonal test was conducted, and the results showed that the optimal formula was the ratio of the main material (low-gluten wheat powder, pumpkin seed meal, and konjac powder) of 2:1:1, the amount of plant oil and butter of 4 % and 12 %, and maltitol amount of 20 %. According to the nutritional determination, the pumpkin seed meal biscuits contain 20.4 % protein, 18.0 % fat, 1.8 % ash, 59.2 % total carbohydrate (including 19.1 % dietary fiber and 40.1 % available carbohydrate), and 0.6 % water
Technology for programming contour milling on a CNC machine
Authors: Petrakov Yuriy , Korenkov Volodymyr , Myhovych Artur 
Published: May 2022

This paper reports a new technology for designing control programs for contour milling on CNC machines. The technology enables stabilization of the cutting process along the entire contour at the optimal level by controlling the feed, which ensures an increase in productivity when meeting the requirements for restrictions. Moreover, the effectiveness of using the technology improves with an increase in the complexity of the contour by changing the curvature of the surface. A mathematical model has been built for the interaction between the cutter and workpiece in the cutting zone when machining contours with variable curvature, which makes it possible to determine the main characteristic of the cutting process – the rate of cutting the allowance. The technology involves the use of a control program in G codes designed in any CAM system. At the first stage, a shape-formation trajectory in the form of a two-dimensional digital array is derived from the program. At the second stage, the cutter workpiece engagement in the cutting area is modeled simulated while determining the main characteristic of the cutting process – an analog of the material removal rate. And at the final stage, the simulation results are used to design a new control program, also in G-codes, with a new recorded law to control the feed, which enables the stabilization of the cutting process along the entire milling path. The software for the new technology has been developed, which automatically converts the preset control program in G-codes into a two-dimensional digital array, simulates the milling process, and designs a new control program in G-codes based on its results. The results of the experimental study into the milling of the preset contour using the developed simulation program showed an increase in productivity by 1.7 times compared to the original control program, designed in a conventional CAM system