bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical and chemical characteristics of suspended sediment in plain river network
Authors: Tian Xueqi , Wang Hua , Shen Zilin , Yuan Weihao , Zeng Yichuan , Li Yuanyuan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The suspended clay in plain river network is the main part of river transport. The suspended clay particles also affect the relevant movement of water pollutants. Taking the lakeside river network in Wuxi as an example, through the correlation division of velocity zone, comparing particle characteristics (geometric mean particle size GD, roundness RO and roughness FD) in different flow zones. On this basis, the influence of the flow characteristics of the river network on the physical properties and enrichment capacity of suspended clay particles was assessed; the differences in elemental species and content between waters with different flow velocities were analysed; and the influence of physical and chemical properties on the sorption capacity of particulate heavy metals was assessed. The results show that (1) the particle GD (5.77), roundness (1.32) and roughness (1.080) are the largest in the waters of the strong flow zone, and the particle roughness does not vary significantly between the different zones. (2) The average percentage content of the characteristic elements in the different flow velocity regions is in the same order from highest to lowest, with Mg being the characteristic element with the highest average percentage content in each region. (3) The GD, FD and RO of suspended clay particles are independent of TN, TP, V and SSC and are positively correlated with flow rate, with larger particle size and more spherical shape at higher flow rates. (4) The use of the defined enrichment factor AE=aF1(GD, RO, FD) is a better representation of the sorption capacity of suspended clay particles for heavy metals than considering only the GD factor.
High-throughput aequencing reveals the expression pattern of microRNA and xeno microRNA in alfalfa to daily cow serum
Authors: Cai Xiaoyan , Jia Jingying , Duan Hongjuan , Fu Bingzhe , Ma Yun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to tendency the expression of microRNA and xenomiR in hay of two alfalfa varieties (cv.Zhongmu No.1, cv.Xinyan No.52), and analyze the expression level of miR-168c, miR-156a and miR-166e of alfalfa in cow serum, milk and colostrum. The miRs in fresh and dry samples of two alfalfa varieties were sequenced by high-throughput RNA sequencing technology, RT-qPCR was used to analyze the expression levels of miR-156a, miR-166e and miR-168c. In addition, the target gene of miR168c in dairy cows was verified by Double-Luciferase Report.The results showed that: (1) 771 miRs were detected, 113 and 84 miRs expression levels in dry samples were up- and down-regulated, 8855 target genes were predicted. (2) miR-156a, miR-166e and miR-168c expression levels in dry samples of two alfalfa varieties were opposite, which were down-regulated in cv.Zhongmu 1 and up-regulated in cv.Xinyan 52. (3) The expression levels of miR-168c, miR-156a and miR-166e in high producing dairy cow serum were significantly higher than low producing dairy cow (p < 0.05), the expression levels of miR-168c in milk were higher than those in colostrum. (4)Alfalfa derived miR168c can target mRNA STARD7 in cattle. Our results prove that the miRs in alfalfa can enter into dairy cows and related to the production of dairy cows. These results lay the foundation for further exploration of the cross-kingdom effects of alfalfa xenomiRs on dairy cows.
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria modulates the antioxidant defense and the expression of stress responsive genes providing Pb accumulation and tolerance of grass pea
Authors: Abdelkrim Souhir , Abid Ghassen , Chaieb Oumaima , Taamalli Wael , Mannai Khediri , Louati Faten , Jebara Moez , Jebara Salwa Harzalli 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To ensure the success of phytoremediation, it is important to consider the appropriate combination of plants and microorganisms. This study was conducted to get a better insight into the underlying molecular and biochemical mechanism of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) induced by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), when exposed for 3, 6, 9 and 14 days to 1 mM Pb in a hydroponic system. The significant positive effect of bacterial inoculation was reproduced in various parameters. Results indicated that inoculation of PGPR significantly increased the concentration of Pb by 20%, 66%, 43% and 36%, in roots and by 46%, 55%, 37%, 46% in shoots, respectively after 3, 6, 9 and 14 days of metal exposure as compared to the uninoculated plants. The metal accumulation in grass pea plants triggered a significant elevation in the synthesis of non-protein thiols (NPT), particularly in inoculated plant leaves where it was about 3 and 2-fold higher than the uninoculated set at 6 and 9 d. Nevertheless, Pb treatment significantly increased oxidative stress and membrane damage in leaves with the highest hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration recorded in uninoculated plants. Further, the inoculation alleviated the oxidative stress, improved plant tolerance and modulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX, GR, DHAR and MDHAR). Similary, the expression patterns of LsPCS, LsGCN, LsCNGC, LsGR and LsGST through qRT-PCR demonstrated that bacterial inoculation significantly induced gene expression levels in leaves 6 d after Pb treatment, indicating that PGPR act as regulators of stress responsive genes. The findings suggest the key role of PGPR (R. leguminosarum (M5) + Pseudomonas fluorescens (K23) + Luteibacter sp. + Variovorax sp.) in enhancing Pb accumulation, reducing metal toxicity, strengthening of the antioxidant system and conferring higher Pb tolerance to grass pea plants. Hence, the association Lathyrus sativus- PGPR is an effective tool to achieve the goal of remediation of Pb contaminated sites.
Clinical and blood gas characteristics of mycoplasmal pleural effusion and tuberculous pleural effusion in pediatric patients: a retrospective case-control study
Authors: Chen Li , Shang Yunxiao , Cai Xuxu , Cheng Qi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia-related pleural effusion (MP-PPE) and tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) are common pediatric respiratory diseases. This study aimed to investigate their clinical characteristics, serum markers, and pleural fluid characteristics in pediatric patients.
Methods
The clinical and imaging characteristics, serum inflammatory indicators, pleural fluid analysis, and biochemistry and blood gas analysis results from 98 children aged 2–14 years who were hospitalized in the Pediatric Respiratory Department of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from 2018 to 2021 for MP-PPE or TPE were retrospectively examined.
Results
There were 28 (40%) males and 44 (60%) females in the MP-PPE group and 18 (69%) males and 8 (31%) females in the TPE group (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant between-group difference in the age ranges of the MP-PPE group (2–13 years, mean age 7.55 ± 3.29 years) and TPE group (5–14 years, mean age 9.69 ± 3.70 years) (p > 0.05). The duration of fever before admission was 12.54 ± 6.95 and 7.77 ± 4.00 days in the MP-PPE and TPE groups, respectively (t = 2.324, p < 0.05). The duration of cough before admission was 15.04 ± 6.86 and 5.90 ± 4.81 days in the MP-PPE and TPE groups (t = 3.972, p < 0.05). Serum neutrophil percentage and C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer, and alanine transaminase levels were significantly higher in the MP-PPE group than in the TPE group. CD3+, CD3 + CD8+, CD3 + CD4+, CD16 + CD56+, and CD19 + counts were lower in the MP-PPE group. There were significant between-group differences in white blood cell count and hemoglobin, fibrinogen, and immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, and IgG) levels (p > 0.05). There was no significant between-group difference in adenosine deaminase level (p > 0.05). Finally, while there were significant between-group differences in pleural fluid pH, PaCO2, and pleural fluid lactate and blood gas glucose levels (p < 0.05), there was no significant between-group difference in pleural fluid PaO2 (p > 0.05).
Conclusions
Serum and pleural fluid LDH levels were elevated in the MP-PPE group compared to the TPE group. Our findings could be used to help distinguish MP-PPE from TPE. Blood gas analysis results revealed that the MP-PPE group had a higher pH and was predominantly alkaline compared with the TPE group, which is also a significant finding for differentiating MP-PPE from TPE.
Causal impact of physical activity on child health and development
Authors: Nguyen Ha , Christian Hayley , Le Huong , Connelly Luke , Zubrick Stephen , Mitrou Francis 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The relationship between physical activity and child health and development is well-documented, yet the extant literature provides limited causal insight into the amount of physical activity considered optimal for improving any given health or developmental outcome. This paper exploits exogenous variations in local weather conditions observed across random time use diary dates for the same individuals over time to investigate the causal impact of physical activity on a comprehensive set of health, non-cognitive development, and academic outcomes of children and adolescents. Applying an individual fixed-effects instrumental variables model to a nationally representative panel dataset from Australia, we find that physical activity leads to widespread benefits in child development. These include improved health, social and emotional development, and lower health expenditure. The results further indicate that physical activity offers greater developmental benefits for females. However, we find no evidence that physical activity improves academic performance. Our study highlights that the “optimal” amount of time that children and adolescents should spend physically active each day varies by the health or non-cognitive development outcome of interest. The results are robust to a series of specification and sensitivity tests, including an over-identification test and controlling for weather conditions recorded on the day when development outcomes were assessed.
Deciphering the Prognostic Implications of T Cells Marker Genes Signature in the tumor Microenvironment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Chenyu , Liang Jiangmin , Wang Yiwan , Wang Chaohui , Wei Shenyu , Ni Junjie , Shao Yaojian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most aggressive gastrointestinal tumor, with a high recurrence and mortality rate. Novel immunotherapy targeting the tumor microenvironment are innovative and promising therapeutic approaches for some tumor, including hepatocellular carcinoma. However, patr of patients with HCC remain a diminished response to immunotherapy on account of the insufficient understanding on the tumor microenvironment. Methods: The correlation between infiltrated immune cells and hepatocellular carcinoma patients prognosis were confirmed via MCP-counter algorithms. The single-cell RNA sequencing dataset (GSE146115) was performed to identify T cells marker genes in hepatocellular carcinoma. GSE10141, GSE14520 dataset and TCGA-liver hepatocellular carcinoma were used to construct and validate the T cell marker genes signature (TCMS).Results: The survival analysis revealed the correlation between infiltrating T cells and the overall survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Four T cell marker genes included in the TCMS model were: HELZ, GZMA, SLC2A2, JAK3. The TCMS risk score could stratify patients with hepatocellular carcinoma into high- and low-risk score subgroups. TCMS risk score remained a influential feature of overall survival and one of the independent prognostic risk factors in multivariate analysis in TCGC validation cohort. Besides, correlation analysis indicated increased expression of HELZ, GZMA and JAK3 were significantly correlated with high degree of CD8+ T cell, CD4+ T cell infiltration.Conclusion: We successfully constructed the T cell marker genes signature with powerful predictive function and provided a new understanding of T cell infiltration in tumor microenvironment which might offer practices instructions for HCC immunotherapy.
WITHDRAWN: Different Storage Conditions Affects Microbial Profiles in Chicken Cecal Chyme and Lung
Authors: Yang Jiajun , Wang Jing , Zhang Bo , Qin Shunyi , Zhang Hao , Liu Guofang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background: Storage conditions are as an important influence on accurate analysis of deoxyribonucleic acid based microbial communities in metagenomic studies. In this study, fresh chicken pulmonary and cecal samples were prepared and stored in −20 °C, −80°C and liquid nitrogen (−147°C) for 7days. The total 16 ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted and measured with next generated sequencing of the V3-4 region gene to compare frequently-used storage conditions on the quality and composition of the fecal microbial community.Results: Total microbial composition in fresh pulmonary samples were more abundant than those stored in -80°C for 7days in total OUT number, and the composition at phylum level were richer than those stored in -20 °C, -80°C and -147°C. The phylum of campilobacteria, proteobacteria, bacteroidota, and actinobacteriota were significant higher. Result of α diversity showed there were no differences on microbial number at genus level. While, abundances of microbial composition varied, the mainly distinct genus bacteroides, rikenellaceas_RC9, clostrida_vadinBB60, norank_f_norank_o_rhodospirllales, norank_f_ barnesiellaceae. Results of microbial composition in fresh cecal chyme suggested that the genus of bacteroides, megasphaera, norank_f_ruminococcaceae, helicobacter, and norank_f_ norank_o_gastranaerophilales are richer than all other groups, while the genus of sphingomonas, norank_f_ norank_o_SJA－15 were lower than those of others. The OTU number in fresh cecal chyme was higher than those stored in -147°C, while there were no differences with -20°C and -80°C. Also, microbial composition at phylum level were no significant differences between fresh and others in cecal chyme. Number of differential microbial in both pulmonary and cecal samples stored in -80°C and -147°C were little compared with those in fresh and -20°C suggested with LEfSe linear discriminant analysis.Conclusion: Samples of lung and cecal chyme for 16S r DNA sequencing stored in -20°C for 7 days can induce to microbial colonization, which were not accurate in interpreting data. In -80°C and -147°C introduce declined tendencies in post-collection compared with fresh samples.
Prevalence, Pattern and Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence Amongst Female Undergraduates in Abia State, Nigeria; Public Health Implications
Authors: Odini Franklin Ndubuisi , Amuzie Chidinma Ihuoma , Kalu Kalu Ulu , Emma-Ukaegbu Uloaku , Nwamoh Uche Ngozi , Izuka Michael , Odini Uchechukwu Vivian , Ezepue Chukwubuike Obiora 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background:
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is the range of sexually, psychologically and physically coercive acts used against adult and adolescent women by a current or former male partner. It is a major public health problem globally. This study determined the prevalence, patterns and predictors of IPV amongst female undergraduates in Abia State.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from January - February 2022 amongst 306 female undergraduates in Abia State. A mixed method of an online structured questionnaire created on Google forms & onsite self-administered questionnaire were deployed for data collection. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were done using IBM SPSS Version 26.0. The level of significance was set at 5%.
Results
A total of 306 respondents participated in the survey. The overall prevalence of IPV amongst female undergraduates was 51.2% (95% CI: 44.8%-57.6%). Emotional abuse was the most common form of abuse 78.9%, followed by Physical abuse 42.0% and Sexual abuse 30.8%. Predictors of IPV reported include female earning/receiving more than their partner monthly(aOR = 2.30; 95% CI: 1.20–4.41); male (partner) alcohol consumption(aOR = 5.17; 95% CI: 2.46–10.88), being a smoker of cigarette/marijuana(aOR = 11.01; 95% CI: 1.26–96.25) and having witnessed domestic violence as a child(aOR = 3.55; 95% CI: I.56-8.07).
Conclusion
Over half of all female undergraduates in Abia State have experienced IPV with emotional abuse being the commonest. Some Individual and relationship factors were identified as predictors of IPV. We recommend intensifying primary prevention campaigns against risk factors identified like smoking and alcohol consumption.
Are greener start-ups of superior quality? The impact of environmental orientation on innovativeness, high-growth, and internationalisation.
Authors: Neumann Thomas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper merges the literature on green and high-quality entrepreneurship by introducing environmental orientation as an unrecognised characteristic of start-up quality and the three quality dimensions innovativeness, high-growth, and internationalisation. Entrepreneurship literature argues that only high-quality start-ups contribute to sustainable development and that a better understanding of what determines the quality of start-ups is required. Empirical research has recently shown that the environmental orientation of start-ups is one such determinant, as it significantly predicts their innovativeness. This paper pursues this novel research avenue on the importance of environmental orientation for start-up quality in two ways. First, this paper evaluates and extends this initial evidence on environmental orientation and innovativeness by examining a three times larger sample, covering additional countries and entrepreneurial stages. Second, this paper also analyses the impact of environmental orientation on the quality dimensions of high-growth and internationalisation. Investigation using Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data on 9,650 entrepreneurs from 51 countries revealed that start-ups with a higher environmental orientation are of superior quality regarding their innovativeness, growth expectations, and exports. These results remain robust for start-ups at different entrepreneurial stages, and tests employing different methodological approaches and variable definitions. However, the categorisation into factor-driven, efficiency-driven, and innovation-driven countries showed that greener start-ups are more innovative in countries at all three levels of development, while the relationships with high-growth and internationalisation remained significant for only two of the three categories. The findings of this paper provide a new approach for practitioners to identify the small number of high-quality start-ups and an economic reason warranting intensified efforts to support green start-ups.
LncRNA SNHG1 facilitates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasiveness in glioblastoma multiforme via regulation of the miR-128- 3p/RRAS2 axis
Authors: Wang Yongqiang , Li Qi , Yang Xiaochen , Zhang Weidong , Zhou Runpeng , Su Zhenjin , Wan Hengtong , Hong Xinyu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose The present study aimed to identify the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) in the progression of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and the regulatory mechanism of the SNHG1/miR-128-3p/RRAS2 network. Methods The TargetScan method was used to analyze the target mRNAs and associated miRNAs of SNHG1. The levels of SNHG1, miRNAs, and mRNAs were determined in glioma and normal brain tissues based on The Cancer Genome Atlas. Pathway analysis was used to identify the significant pathways of the predicted target genes of SNHG1 according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. The expressions of SNHG1 in GBM cells were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A scratch wound-healing and Transwell assays were used to determine GBM cell migration and invasion. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to validate the miR-128-3p target relationships with lncRNA SNHG1. Western blotting was performed to determine whether SNHG1 and RRAS2 regulated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of GBM cells. Results SNHG1 was upregulated in glioma tissues and cells. Knockdown of SNHG1 inhibited migration and invasion of GBM cells. A competing endogenous RNA interaction network of SNHG1-6miRNAs-17mRNAs was constructed and revealed the functional role of the SNHG1/miR-128-3p/RRAS2 feed-forward loop. MiR-128-3p expression was downregulated in glioma tissues, whereas RRAS2 expression was elevated in glioma tissues. QRT-PCR and dual luciferase reporter analyses of the results indicated that SNHG1 bound to miR-128-3p, while SNHG1 expression was negatively regulated by miR-128-3p. Additionally, miR-128-3p regulated the expression of RRAS2 mRNA. Moreover, knockdown of RRAS2 inhibited GBM cell migration and invasion. Collectively, SNHG1 promoted GBM progression by sponging miR-128-3p and regulating RRAS2 expression. In addition, down-regulations of SNHG1 and RRAS2 significantly reduced the expressions of mesenchymal markers, N-cadherin and vimentin, while it increased the protein level of E-cadherin epithelial marker, showing that silencing SNHG1 reversed the EMT phenotype. Conclusion Our findings confirmed that lncRNA SNHG1 promoted the malignant progression of GBM by the SNHG1/miR-128-3p/RRAS2 axis, which activated the EMT process. The SNHG1/miR-128-3p/RRAS2 axis therefore may provide a novel therapeutic treatment for GBM.
The Value of Oral Examinations and the Role it Plays in Medical Student Education
Authors: Wu Emily , Larson Stephanie , Chacko-Stacey Alexandra , Lynch James C. , Hart Elaine , Siddighi Sam 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Medical education has a long history of using structured oral examinations (SOE) to evaluate trainee aptitude for high-order processing. However, the SOE has received substantial criticism in recent years regarding limited reliability, possibility of bias and high cost. Methods: In this randomized control trial, 214 third year medical students rotating through the OB/GYN clerkship were divided into two groups, those who took the SOE (n=112) and those who did not (n=102). The mean scores of two required clerkship examinations, the Observed Standardized Clinical Examination (OSCE) and the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) subject exam, were compared between the SOE and the non-SOE groups.Results: We found no difference between group mean NMBE scores (SOE group: 75.6%, SD: 7.951 | non-SOE group: 73.9%, SD: 8.302 | p = 0.698) and actually found that those who did not participate in the SOE out-performed those who did in the OSCE (SOE group: 72.8%, SD: 4.978 | non-SOE group: 76.3%, SD: 5.331| p = 0.002). Discussion: Our results suggest that the implementation of the SOE in clerkship curriculum does not correlate with improved medical student performance or success.