bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kalmag: a high spatio temporal model of the geomagnetic field
Authors: Baerenzung Julien , Holschneider Matthias , Saynisch-Wagner Jan , Thomas Maik 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

We present the extension of the Kalmag model, proposed as a candidate for IGRF-13, to the 20th century. The dataset serving its derivation has been complemented by new measurements coming from satellites, ground-based observatories and land, marine and airborne surveys.

As its predecessor, this version is derived from a combination of a Kalman filter and a smoothing algorithm, providing mean models and associated uncertainties.

These quantities permit a precise estimation of locations where mean solutions can be considered as reliable or not.

The temporal resolution of the core field and the secular variation was set to 0.1 year over the 122 years the model is spanning. Nevertheless, it can be shown through ensembles a posteriori sampled, that this resolution can be effectively achieved only by a limited amount of spatial scales and during certain time periods. Unsurprisingly, highest accuracy in both space and time of the core field and the secular variation is achieved during the CHAMP and Swarm era.

In this version of Kalmag, a particular effort was made for resolving the small scale lithospheric field. Under specific statistical assumptions, the latter was modeled up to spherical harmonic degree and order 1000, and signal coming from both satellite and survey measurements was contributing to its development.

The model is available through various physical and statistical quantities on a dedicated website at https://ionocovar.agnld.uni-potsdam.de/Kalmag/
Hobson’s choice or a horned dilemma: a grounded theory on adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy verified with breast cancer survivors
Authors: AlOmeir Othman , Patel Nilesh , Donyai Parastou 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: A literature review and meta-synthesis of qualitative research had enabled us to develop a grounded theory explaining the difficulties breast cancer survivors face with the initial decision to accept long-term endocrine therapy, and the everyday challenges of continuing or deciding to stop treatment early. Our objective was to interview a cohort of women in a UK setting to corroborate and complete the grounded theory with the end users’ primary involvement. Methods: A semi-structured interview schedule was written based on the existing grounded theory. Fourteen women with a history of hormone-positive breast cancer were recruited and interviewed. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and analysed against the existing grounded theory. Results: The findings were compatible with the core theory ‘Hobson’s choice or a horned dilemma’ and its constituent categories previously developed, with additional concepts identified and added to our paradigm models. Importantly, we found that some women who started with a strong sense of commitment to their treatment changed their mind as they experienced the medication side-effects over time, impacting on their persistence with long-term endocrine therapy. Conclusion: The findings indicate an opportunity for health providers to intervene and influence women’s waning perceptions of the necessity of their treatment, for example upon experiencing the side-effects. Interventions could involve the provision of side-effect management strategies via accessible resources.
Real-world treatment and outcome patterns of patients with mantle cell lymphoma in China: a large, multicenter retrospective analysis
Authors: Yang Ping , Cai Qing-qing , Zhang Wei , Liu Shuo-zi , Liu Hui , Sun Xiu-hua , Dong Yu-jun , Xiao Xiu-bin , Wang Jing-wen , Li Zhen-ling , Huang Wen-rong , Li Li-hong , Bao Hui-zheng , Yang Wei , Wang Ya-lan , Wang Shu-ye , He Juan , Li Xiao-ling , Liu Ai-chun , Jing Hongmei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate treatment options and the prognosis of patients with mantle cell lymphoma in China. 805 patients diagnosed with MCL between April 1999 and December 2019 at 19 comprehensive hospitals in China were included in this retrospective analysis. The median age of the cohort was 60.0 years with a male-to-female ratio of 3.36:1. 5-year progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 30.9% and 65.0% respectively. High-intermediate/high risk group according to MIPI-c, without high-dose cytarabine, lack of Auto-SCT as consolidation and maintenance treatment and SD/PD in initial treatment remained statistically relevant to poor PFS on multivariate analysis (MVA), and ki67 ≥ 50%, B symtoms, high-intermediate/high risk group according to MIPI-c ,without high-dose cytarabine ,lack of maintenance treatment ,SD/PD in initial treatment and relapse/refractory state were independently associated with poorer OS on MVA. First-line high dose cytarabine exposure, auto-SCT as consolidation therapy obtained survival benefits in Chinese population. and our study further confirmed the value of maintenance treatment and explored the application of new drug treatment and bendamustine in R/R MCL patients.
LINC01137 involvement in pancreatic cancer stemness via the miR-7155-5p/KLF12/AKT axis
Authors: Peng Chenghong , Li Kexian , Feng Zengyu , Qin Kai , Ma Yang , Zhao Shiwei , Chen Peng , Lin Jiewei , Jiang Yongsheng , Han Lijie , Cao Yizhi , Luo Jiaxin , Shi Minmin , Chen Hao , Wang Jiancheng , Jiang Lingxi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, which most commonly refers to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is one of the most malignant tumors, with a 5-year survival rate of about 4%. Pancreatic cancer stem cells play pivotal roles in chemoresistance and recurrence. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as key regulators of the biological progression of various cancers. Recently, lncRNAs were found to be associated with cancer stem cells, which are related to chemoresistance. LINC01137 has been reported as an oncogene in oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, its function and underlying mechanisms in pancreatic cancer remain unclear. Online datasets were used to screen for cancer stem cell-associated lncRNAs and to confirm the relationship between LINC01137 and stem genes. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect RNA expression. In situ hybridization and nucleocytoplasmic separation were used to determine subcellular location. Direct binding of LINC01137 to miR-7155-5p was verified using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. LINC01137 was upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines. Its high expression correlated with advanced pathological stages and poor prognosis. Induction of LINC01137 expression boosted pancreatic cancer stemness, chemoresistance, and proliferation. Mechanistically, LINC01137 exerted its biological function by binding to miR-7155-5p to activate the KLF12/PI3K/AKT pathway. KLF12 also promoted LINC01137 expression. LINC01137 and KLF12 were involved in promoting PDAC tumorigenesis. Our results suggested that LINC01137 functions as an oncogene in pancreatic cancer and identified its post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, which may contribute to targeted therapy for pancreatic cancer.
LncRNA KCNQ10T1 shuttled by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosome inhibits sepsis via regulation of miR-154-3p/RNF19A axis
Authors: Yuan Haojie , Yu Junbo , Liu Chun , Liu Jiajia , Xue Jianhua , Zhao Heyan , Yang Yang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study aims to discuss the role of exosomes KCNQ10T1 derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) in sepsis, and to further investigate its potential molecular mechanisms.
Methods
Exosomes extracted from BMMSCs are identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and western blot. Fluorescence labeling is applied to detect the internalization of exosomes in receptors. The proliferation ability, migration ability and invasion ability of HUVECs are determined by CCK-8, EdU, wound healing and Transwell. The levels of inflammatory cytokines in sepsis cells are quantitatively detected by ELISA. Kaplan-Meier survival curve is used to describe the overall survival. RT-qPCR is used to detect mRNA expression of related genes. Bioinformatics analysis is performed to search the downstream target of KCNQ1OT1 and miR-154-3p and the interaction is verified by luciferase reporter assay.
Results
Exosomes derived from BMMSCs alleviated the toxicity in sepsis cell models and animal models. In mice with septic cell models, exosomal KCNQ10T1 was down-regulated and associated with lower survival. Overexpression of KCNQ10T1 inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of LPS-induced HUVECs. Further research illustrated that miR-154-3p was the downstream target gene of KCNQ1OT1 and RNF19A was the downstream target gene of miR-154-3p. Importantly, functional research findings indicated that KCNQ1OT1 regulated sepsis progression by targeting miR-154-3p/RNF19A axis.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that the exosomal KCNQ1OT1 suppresses sepsis via mediating miR-154-3p/RNF19A, which provides a latent target for sepsis treatment.
Contemporary murals: Chemical characterisation of artists’ spray-paints
Authors: Marazioti Varvara , Douvas Antonios M. , Katsaros Fotios , Koralli Panagiota , Chochos Christos , Gregoriou Vasilis G. , Boyatzis Stamatios , Facorellis Yorgos 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study outlines the chemical characterisation of various commercial spray-paints in different colours as used in contemporary public murals, street art, and graffiti. The analyses were focused on the identification of the binding media, pigments, and additives. The aim of the study was twofold; to establish a protocol for the diagnosis of aerosol paints and to provide useful information, which could help conservators remove overpaintings from both commissioned murals and any other form of cultural heritage. A multi-technique approach was developed using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) for the identification of the main binder, pigments, and extenders, while Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and Raman spectroscopy were used as complementary tools for the determination of organic and inorganic pigments, and fillers. Three kinds of binders based on alkyd or acrylic resins modified with nitrocellulose and/or styrene, along with a variety of organic pigments and inorganic components were detected.
Establishment and validation of a DNA damage repair gene based model for ovarian cancer typing and prognosis
Authors: LI Yan , CHEN Shu-ran , Pan YANG , LIU Jing , Yuling Wang , HUANG Qiang , Rui DONG , Yinjiu HUANG , Jian LIU 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Under physiological conditions, DNA damage and repair are in a dynamic equilibrium. When this equilibrium is disrupted, the cell undergoes pathological changes, eventually the cell becomes cancerous. Ovarian cancer (OC) is a malignant disease with unique genomic characteristics, most of the chemotherapeutic agents currently used in ovarian cancer depend on the balance between damage and repair of DNA (DDR). DDR-related genes have potential value as prognostic indicators for ovarian cancer.
Results
DDR-related genes can well typing ovarian cancer patients, 16 genes associated with prognosis of ovarian cancer patients (CH25H, CCR7, CACNA1C, SLC4A8, CXCL11, UBD, TRPV4, RPS6KA2, FCGBP, TOMM20L, STX18, PI3, CMBL, ISG20, AKAP12, and PIGS) were screened as risk genes for the construction of ovarian cancer prognostic models.
Conclusion
Based on DDR-related genes for ovarian cancer typing and studying the prognostic relevance of differential genes between typing on ovarian cancer, 16 genes were screened for predicting poor prognosis of OC. To provide research directions for subsequent drug development and research basis for clinical application.
Thermally Tunable Infrared Metalens Using Phase Change Material
Authors: Buhara Ebru , Ghobadi Amir , Ozbay Ekmel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Metamaterials and their two-dimensional forms, metasurfaces, have been studied intensively due to their unique features that usually do not exist in nature. Due to their unusual properties, they have found their way into many different application areas. One of these application areas is metalens application, where the metasurfaces are formed as flat lenses and they bend the wavefront of the outgoing electromagnetic wave. Metalenses are a candidate to replace the spherical lenses because they are much smaller, they are easy to fabricate, and they are a solution to aberration problems. In this paper, a metalens structure with \(11 \mu\)m operating wavelength is studied. In addition to working at the long infrared wavelength, the dynamic feature is brought to the metalens with the addition of vanadium dioxide, and power control at the focal point is obtained.
Anticoagulant monitoring of rivaroxaban by chromogenic anti-Xa assays and UHPLC-MS/MS in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Liu Xiao-qin , Gu Yi , Zhang Yu-fei , Shen Wei , Gu Zhi-chun , Zhong Ming-kang , Ding Hong-yan , Ma Chun-lai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Monitoring the level of anticoagulation by rivaroxaban in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is valuable in clinical practice. Our study aimed to measure the plasma levels of rivaroxaban both by chromogenic anti-Xa assays and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) in Chinese patients with NVAF, and compare with the expected drug levels. Materials and methods: A prospective clinical study was conducted to include NVAF patients taking rivaroxaban. Rivaroxaban levels were determined using UHPLC-MS/MS and chromogenic anti-Xa assays (Biophen DiXal and Zhenyuan anti-Xa). The correlation and agreement among measurements by different assays were evaluated. The rivaroxaban levels in Chinese patients were also compared with the expected drug levels, which were estimated from previous clinical trials and widely accepted. Results: A total of 243 plasma samples were collected from 182 patients. Results measured using the two chromogenic anti-Xa assays were both linearly correlated with those measured using UHPLC-MS/MS, especially in the range of 50–200 ng/mL, but the concentrations determined using anti-Xa assays were systematically underestimated. Rivaroxaban levels measured by either UHPLC-MS/MS or chromogenic anti-Xa assays were both larger than the expected ranges. There was no difference in the distribution of concentration whether the patients took an appropriate dose or not. However, for Chinese patients with an inappropriate lower dose, trough concentrations were less likely to exceed the expected concentration ranges.Conclusion: Rivaroxaban concentration in patients with NVAF were highly variable compared to the expected ranges estimated from clinical trials, whether measured by UHPLC-MS/MS or chromogenic anti-Xa assays. Chinese patients taking an appropriate rivaroxaban dose are more likely to obtain a rivaroxaban concentration level higher than expected, independent on the assay used.
Multi-parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Liver Regeneration in a Standardized Partial Hepatectomy Rat Model
Authors: Shen Wen , Qiu Caixin , Xie Shuangshuang , Sun Yajie , Yu Yongquan , Zhang Kun , Wang Xuyang , Zhu Jinxia , Grimm Robert 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background : We aimed to evaluate the correlation between the pathological changes and multi-parameter MRI characteristics of liver regeneration (LR) in a standard partial hepatectomy (PH) rat model.Methods : Seventy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: MR scan group (n = 14) and pathologic analysis (PA) group (n = 56). All 14 rats in the MR group underwent liver T1 mapping, T2 mapping, and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) before and the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 14th, and 21st day after 70% hepatectomy. Seven rats in the PA group were euthanized at each time point to determine Ki-67 indices, hepatocyte size (HTS), and steatosis grade.Results : Liver T1 and T2 values increased to maximum on day 2 (P < .001 vs. baseline), D and K values decreased to minimum on day 3 and 2, respectively (P < .001 vs. baseline), then all parameters returned to baseline gradually. Hepatocyte Ki-67, hepatocyte size and steatosis grade initially increased after surgery (P < 0.05 vs. baseline), followed by a gradual decline over time. Both T2 and K values correlated well with Ki-67 indices (r = 0.756 and -0.807, respectively; both P < .001) and steatosis grade (r = 0.814 and -0.725, respectively; both P < .001), moderate with HTS (r = 0.640 and -0.562, respectively; both P < .001).Conclusions : PH induced liver changes that can be observed on MRI. The MRI parameters correlate with the LR activity and allow monitoring of LR process.
Human β-defensin-3 and nuclear factor-kappa B p65 synergistically promote the cell proliferation and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Du Yongxiu , Yang Yanlan , Zhang Wenbo , Yang Chenxi , Xu Pu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a usual oral cancer; it’s necessary to identify targets for its early diagnosis and treatment. This research aimed to investigate the roles of human β-defensin-3 (hBD-3) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 in the pathogenesis and progression of OSCC. Methods: The connection between NF-κB p65 and the carcinogenesis of oral cancer was explored by immunohistochemical staining. The relative expressions of hBD-3 and NF-κB p65 in OSCC cells were evaluated by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Afterwards, hBD-3 was knocked down, and NF-κB p65 was overexpressed. The cell viability and invasion were tested via CCK-8 and Transwell experiment, and the expression of hBD-3, NF-κB p65 and its downstream molecules were evaluated by Western blot. Results: The content of NF-κB p65 was increased with the aggravation of oral submucosal fibrosis. hBD-3 and NF-κB p65 were high-expressed in OSCC cells. The viability and invasion abilities of OSCC cells that knocking down hBD-3 were markedly decreased, while they were restored by co-overexpression of NF-κB p65. The expressions of NF-κB p65, c-myc were decreased and IκB, p21 were increased with the knockdown of hBD-3. After co-overexpression of NF-κB p65, the expression of hBD-3 and IκB didn’t change significantly, while c-myc and p21 was dramatically changed. Conclusion: hBD-3 and NF-κB p65 facilitate the proliferation and invasion of OSCC cells, and hBD-3 may promote this process by regulating the expression of NF-κB p65 and its downstream c-myc and p21.
Microbial Production of Toluene in Oxygen Minimum Zone Waters in the Humboldt Current System off Chile
Authors: Sr Benjamín M , Pantoja-Gutiérrez Silvio 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Expansion of oxygen minimum zones (OMZ) in the world´s oceans is likely to enhance production of anaerobic metabolites by marine microorganisms. Here we show that the aromatic hydrocarbon toluene is present throughout the year in shelf waters of the upwelling ecosystem of the Humboldt Current System off Concepción (36ºS), Chile, and it is a product of microbial anaerobic metabolism of the water column. The intra-annual variability in toluene concentrations within the water column is consistent with seasonal variability in the relative strengths of suboxic equatorial and well-oxygenated subantarctic water masses that interact in the study area. These observations were complemented with data from laboratory incubations of OMZ water –– showing microbial production of toluene in the absence of O2. Toluene concentrations were elevated in deeper O2-depleted waters and followed a seasonal pattern. Toluene was also detected in the oxygenated waters of subantarctic origin that impinge on the continental shelf and replace OMZ waters every year during austral winter. Since toluene production was not detected in incubations under aerobic conditions, we hypothesize that OMZ waters export toluene to surrounding oxygenated waters. Expansion of OMZ waters in the world will certainly enhance production and export of anaerobic metabolites by marine microorganisms.
Functional optimization of electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) using human corneal epithelial cells
Authors: Ebrahim Abdul Shukkur , Ebrahim Thanzeela , Kani Hussein , Ibrahim Ahmed S. , Carion Thomas W. , Berger Elizabeth 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
An intact epithelium is key to maintaining corneal integrity and barrier function which can lead to impaired ocular defense and sight-threatening opacity when compromised. Electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing or ECIS is a non-invasive method to measure real-time cellular behaviors including barrier function and cell migration. The current study uses ECIS technology to assess and optimize human telomerase-immortalized corneal epithelial cells (HUCLs) to generate quantifiable measurements that accurately reflect changes in cell behavior in vitro. Five cell densities were assessed in two different media to determine the optimal conditions for monitoring of cellular behavior over time. Parameters of evaluation included: overall impedance (Z), barrier resistance (R), cell capacitance (C), and mathematical modeling of the R data to further generate Rb (the electrical resistance between HUCLs), α (the resistance between the HUCLs and the substrate), and Cm (the capacitance of the cell membrane) measurements. All parameters of assessment strongly indicated DMEM/F12 at 60,000 cells as the optimal condition for ECIS assessment of HUCLs. Furthermore, this work highlights the ability of the sensitive ECIS biosensor technology to comprehensively and quantitatively assess corneal epithelial cell structure and function and the importance of optimizing not only cell density, but choice of media used for in vitro culturing.
Higher expression of High-mobility Group AT Hook Protein 2 (HMGA2) in the border zone compared to the center zone of glioblastoma and a tendency that high HMGA2 expression in the border zone may have a poor impact on survival
Authors: Nohman Amin I. , Schwarm Frank P. , Stein Marco , Schänzer Anne , Koch Christian , Uhl Eberhard , Kolodziej Malgorzata 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction: High-mobility group AT-hook protein 2 (HMGA2) is a gene regulatory protein that correlates with malignancy, metastatic potential, and poor prognosis. It has been shown that HMGA2 is overexpressed in various tumors such as esophageal squamous cell cancer, lung cancer and pancreatic cancer. The invasive character and highly aggressive structure of glioblastoma led us to invest the HMGA2 expression in the border zone of the tumor more closely. We compared the HMGA2 expression in glioblastoma and normal brain tissue. Also, we analyzed and compared the HMGA2 expression in the border zone and center zone of the tumor. HMGA2 expression was additionally correlated with clinical parameters such as sex, age, MGMT methylation status, progression-free survival, and overall survival.Methods: Samples from 23 patients with glioblastoma WHO grade 4 were analyzed for HMGA2 expression using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Areas from the tumor center and border were analyzed separately. Two normal brain tissue specimens served as controls. Results were compared with molecular results and clinical parameter. Results: Both, real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry displayed a significantly higher HMGA2 expression in glioblastoma compared to normal brain tissue (qPCR p=0.013, IHC p=0.04). Moreover, immunohistochemistry showed a significantly higher HMGA2 expression in the border zone of the tumor than in tumor center zone (p=0.012). Survival analysis revealed a tendency to a shorter survival if HMGA2 was highly expressed in the border zone. No significant correlation between HMGA2 expression and survival was obtained.Conclusion: In summary, the results display an overexpression of HMGA2 in the border zone of glioblastomas and thus thorough surgical resection of the vital and aggressive border cells might be important to inhibit the invasive character of the tumor.