bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Balancing the Solvent Evaporation of Thermal Annealing Process for Metal Halide Perovskites and Solar Cells
Authors: Ling Chenxi , Xia Yongkang , Xiao Xuan , Chen Xiayan , Zheng Ziwei , Xia Minghao , Hu Yue , Mei Anyi , Rong Yaoguang , Han Hongwei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTriple‐mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted intensive attention due to the high stability, simple fabrication process, and low material cost. In this structure, the perovskite layer is hosted by a triple‐mesoscopic scaffold of TiO2/ZrO2/carbon, and thus the crystal quality is sensitive to the thermal annealing process. Typically, the annealing process is conducted in a petri dish, for which the solvent evaporation of the perovskite precursor is slowed down, but not controllable and designable. To control the solvent evaporation, annealing chambers are first designed with different shape and vapor releasing channels. Then, physical simulations are performed by a finite element method, and it is found out that the chamber with a crowned top and releasing channels on the bottom sides can realize homogeneous distribution of the solvent vapor. To verify the simulation results, chambers are fabricated by 3D printing technique, for which the printing deviation can be as low as 100 µm. By balancing the solvent evaporation and release, the optimal solvent evaporation is achieved of the perovskite precursor in the triple‐mesoscopic scaffold. This work offers a method to obtain homogeneous distribution of solvent vapor, and provides a new insight into understanding the influence of solvent evaporation during the thermal annealing process for PSCs.
Lectotypification of the threatened endemic Appalachian lichen Alectoria fallacina
Authors: Lendemer James C. , McMullin R. Troy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlectoria fallacina, described by the prolific 20th century lichenologist Josef Motyka, is a threatened species narrowly endemic to the Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America. The production of a unique unidentified fatty acid as the main secondary metabolite chemically separates A. fallacina from its congeners, especially the morphologically similar A. sarmentosa. Here we show that while A. fallacina and A. sarmentosa are entirely allopatric, the type collection of A. fallacina is a mixture of the two taxa and the holotype is A. sarmentosa. Detailed analyses of the original material support the conclusion that the lichen in the holotype packet was taken from another collection, and is in direct conflict with both the protologue and the current application of the name. We assert that the lichen currently assumed to be the holotype of A. fallacina was erroneously placed in the holotype packet by Motyka after the description, while the actual holotype lichen was likely retained in his personal herbarium now deposited at LBL. This highly unusual scenario is supported by other cases from the literature pertaining to the types of names published by this author. Based on the fact that the currently accepted holotype of A. fallacina directly conflicts with the protologue, that all evidence suggests it could not have been derived from the type locality, and the known working methods of both the collector of the type (Gunnar Degelius) as well as the describing author (Motyka), the holotype of A. fallacina is treated as effectively lost and the name is lectotypified with an isotype that unambiguously represents A. fallacina.
Organizational ambidexterity from the emerging market perspective: A review and research agenda
Authors: Batra Ishita , P Preethi , Dhir Sanjay 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAmbidexterity is an important driver of organizational success to meet the future needs of fast‐changing markets. Building on the organizational ambidexterity (OA) literature, this study investigates the concept of OA from the emerging market perspective. It adopts semantic network analysis and meta‐analysis to identify the factors affecting OA in emerging markets. Semantic network analysis measures degree and eigenvector centralities to understand how the studied words are connected to OA in emerging markets. Meta‐analysis summarizes the factors affecting OA in the emerging markets and categorizes them as homogenous or heterogeneous. The results reveal the homogeneity in factors such as firm age, firm size, research and development intensity, top management team (TMT) size, environment instability, ownership, competitive intensity, risk aversion, and international experience, and the heterogeneity in factors such as innovation, firm performance, technological turbulence, new product development, slack resources, TMT social, and market orientation. Future research directions and managerial implications are discussed.
Non-pacifist Philosophy in Good Faith: Henrik Syse
Authors:   Interviewed by Trond Bakkevig
Published: April 2022

Abstract“My Christian faith was formed in an intellectual framework … thought became part of my faith.” This is what PRIO’s first philosopher, Henrik Syse (b. 1966), tells PRIO’s first pastor, Trond Bakkevig, in a conversation covering faith, justice and reconciliation. They see PRIO as a home for peaceful thinking.
Organizing for Peace: Mari Holmboe Ruge
Authors:   Interviewed by Kristian Berg Harpviken
Published: April 2022

AbstractMari Holmboe Ruge (b. 1934) was a key member of the triumvirate who ran PRIO in the early years. She speaks in this interview about their international networking, the impressions she got from racial conflict in the US, her research on the non-violent resistance against the Nazi regime in Norway during 1940–1945, her study of peace journalism and her work for the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom.
Peace with a Human Rights Perspective: Asbjørn Eide
Authors:   Interviewed by Helge Øystein Pharo
Published: April 2022

Abstract“I wanted to convert my academic learning into socially useful work.” The legal scholar Asbjørn Eide (b. 1933) succeeded Johan Galtung as PRIO director in 1970. In this interview, he reveals that his main motivation for joining PRIO was his fear of nuclear war. In addition to studying the arms race, he engaged with the vision of a New International Economic Order. In the 1980s, he specialized in human rights and minority rights, and left PRIO in 1987 to establish the Norwegian Centre for Human Rights at the University of Oslo.
The Ethics of Innovations in Genomic Selection: On How to Broaden the Scope of Discussion
Authors: Kramer K. , Meijboom F. L. B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe use of genomic selection in agricultural animal breeding is in academic literature generally considered an ethically unproblematic development, but some critical views have been offered. Our paper shows that an important preliminary question for any ethical evaluation of (innovations in) genomic selection is how the scope of discussion should be set, that is, which ethical issues and perspectives ought to be considered. This scope is determined by three partly overlapping choices. The first choice is which ethical concepts to include: an ethical discussion of genomic selection approaches may draw on concepts central to (Anglo-Saxon) applied ethics, but some critical views have been based on concepts from critical animal studies and continental philosophy. A related choice is to what extent discussion should focus on new ethical issues raised or on existing ethical issues that will be ameliorated, perpetuated or aggravated by an innovation in genomic selection. The third choice is to treat an innovation in genomic selection either as a technique on itself or as a part of specific practices. We argue that ethical discussion should not limit attention to new issues or ignore the implications of particular ways of applying genomic selection in practice, and this has some consequences for which ethical concepts ought to be included. Limiting the scope of discussion may be defensible in some contexts, but broader ethical discussion remains necessary.
Extension groups of tautological bundles on symmetric products of curves
Authors: Krug Andreas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe provide a spectral sequence computing the extension groups of tautological bundles on symmetric products of curves. One main consequence is that, if$$E\ne \mathcal O_X$$E≠OXis simple, then the natural map$${{\,\mathrm{\mathsf {Ext}}\,}}^1(E,E)\rightarrow {{\,\mathrm{\mathsf {Ext}}\,}}^1(E^{[n]},E^{[n]})$$Ext1(E,E)→Ext1(E[n],E[n])is injective for everyn. Along with previous results, this implies that$$E\mapsto E^{[n]}$$E↦E[n]defines an embedding of the moduli space of stable bundles of slope$$\mu \notin [-1,n-1]$$μ∉[-1,n-1]on the curveXinto the moduli space of stable bundles on the symmetric product$$X^{(n)}$$X(n). The image of this embedding is, in most cases, contained in the singular locus. For line bundles on a non-hyperelliptic curve, the embedding identifies the Brill–Noether loci ofXwith the loci in the moduli space of stable bundles on$$X^{(n)}$$X(n)where the dimension of the tangent space jumps. We also prove that$$E^{[n]}$$E[n]is simple ifEis simple.
Music emotion recognition based on segment-level two-stage learning
Authors: He Na , Ferguson Sam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn most Music Emotion Recognition (MER) tasks, researchers tend to use supervised learning models based on music features and corresponding annotation. However, few researchers have considered applying unsupervised learning approaches to labeled data except for feature representation. In this paper, we propose a segment-based two-stage model combining unsupervised learning and supervised learning. In the first stage, we split each music excerpt into contiguous segments and then utilize an autoencoder to generate segment-level feature representation. In the second stage, we feed these time-series music segments to a bidirectional long short-term memory deep learning model to achieve the final music emotion classification. Compared with the whole music excerpts, segments as model inputs could be the proper granularity for model training and augment the scale of training samples to reduce the risk of overfitting during deep learning. Apart from that, we also apply frequency and time masking to segment-level inputs in the unsupervised learning part to enhance training performance. We evaluate our model on two datasets. The results show that our model outperforms state-of-the-art models, some of which even use multimodal architectures. And the performance comparison also evidences the effectiveness of audio segmentation and the autoencoder with masking in an unsupervised way.
Insights into the tribological behavior of choline chloride—urea and choline chloride—thiourea deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Li Yuting , Li Yuan , Li Hao , Fan Xiaoqiang , Yan Han , Cai Meng , Xu Xiaojun , Zhu Minhao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDeep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been considered as novel and economic alternatives to traditional lubricants because of their similar physicochemical performance. In this study, choline chloride (ChCl) DESs were successfully synthesized via hydrogen-bonding networks of urea and thiourea as the hydrogen bond donors (HBDs). The as-synthesized ChCl-urea and ChCl-thiourea DESs had excellent thermal stability and displayed good lubrication between steel/steel tribo-pairs. The friction coefficient and wear rate of ChCl-thiourea DES were 50.1% and 80.6%, respectively, lower than those of ChCl-urea DES for GCr15/45 steel tribo-pairs. However, for GCr15/Q45 steel, ChCl-urea DES decreased the wear rate by 85.0% in comparison to ChCl-thiourea DES. Under ChCl-thiourea DES lubrication, the tribo-chemical reaction film composed of FeS formed at the interfaces and contributed to low friction and wear. However, under high von Mises stress, the film could not be stably retained and serious wear was obtained through direct contact of friction pairs. This illustrated that the evolution of the tribo-chemical reaction film was responsible for the anti-friction and anti-wear properties of the DESs.
Functionalized graphene-oxide nanosheets with amino groups facilitate macroscale superlubricity
Authors: Ge Xiangyu , Chai Zhiyuan , Shi Qiuyu , Li Jinjin , Tang Jiawei , Liu Yanfei , Wang Wenzhong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGraphene-oxide (GO) has been recognized as an excellent lubrication material owing to its two-dimensional structure and weak interlayer interactions. However, the functional groups of GO that can contribute to anti-friction, anti-wear, and superlubricity are yet to be elucidated. Hence, further improvement in GO-family materials in tribology and superlubricity fields is impeded. In this study, macroscale superlubricity with a coefficient of friction of less than 0.01 is achieved by exploiting the high adhesive force between amino groups within aminated GO (GO-NH2) nanosheets and SiO2. It was observed that GO-NH2 nanosheets form a robust adsorption layer on the worn surfaces owing to the high adsorption of amino groups. This robust GO-NH2 adsorption layer not only protects the contact surfaces and contributes to low wear, but also causes the shearing plane to transform constantly from solid asperities (high friction) into GO-NH2 interlayers (weak interlayer interactions), resulting in superlubricity. A SiO2-containing boundary layer formed by tribochemical reactions and a liquid film are conducive to low friction. Such macroscale liquid superlubricity provides further insights into the effect of functional groups within functionalized GO materials and a basis for designing functionalized GO materials with excellent tribological performances.
An unsteady aerodynamic model for three-dimensional wing based on augmented lifting-line method
Authors: Li X. , Zhou Z. , Guo J.H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA fast numerical method for unsteady aerodynamic calculation of 3D wing is established, which is suitable for the preliminary design. Based on the lifting-line method, the aerodynamic data of the 2D aerofoil obtained by the unsteady CFD simulation is used as the model input to solve the aerodynamic force of the 3D wing. Compared with the traditional steady lifting-line method, the augmented method adopts the unsteady Kutta-Jouowski (K-J) theorem to calculate the circulation and improve the accuracy of the method through the circulation correction. The pitching motion of 3D wing at different aspect ratio and reduction frequencies are studied. The results show that the aerodynamic forces obtained by the augmented lifting-line method have good agreement with the 3D unsteady CFD calculations. Compared with 3D CFD calculation, the calculation efficiency of the improved method is increased by more than 12 times. The improved method has extensive applicability and can be used to estimate the unsteady aerodynamic forces of 3D single or multiple wing configurations.
Drilling predation on spatangoid echinoids from the Miocene of Sardinia: a taphonomic and paleoecological perspective
Authors: Mancosu Andrea , Nebelsick James H. , Buosi Carla 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPredation is of great importance in understanding the diversification of spatangoid echinoids as well as their preservation in the fossil record. Herein, the spatangoid-dominated Miocene carbonate succession of Punta Foghe (Montiferru area, central-western Sardinia, Italy) is studied with the aim of reconstructing paleoenvironmental conditions and investigating abiotic and biotic factors, including predation, that influence the paleoecology and preservation potential of spatangoid echinoids.The echinoid fauna is dominated by the spatangoid Agassizia and, to a lesser extent, the clypeasteroid Clypeaster. The fauna also includes both regular (undetermined diadematoids and camarodonts) and irregular (Plagiobrissus, Echinocyamus, and Koehleraster) forms. Echinoids and associated fossil content, along with taphonomic and sedimentological signatures, indicate an inner sublittoral environment with moderate energy conditions affected by high-energy events. Agassizia remains, which consist mainly of complete and well-preserved tests, commonly bear subcircular drill holes that are interpreted as the result of cassid gastropod predation and investigated with respect to size selectivity and stereotypy of attack sites. Potential biases related to drilling predation and biostratinomy on the preservation potential of spatangoid tests are discussed.Agassizia lacks any morphological adaptation to minimize high predation risk, including defensive spines and the ability to burrow deeply into the sediment. An antipredator behavior possibly relied on a gregarious life-history strategy, reducing the frequency of attacks on specific individuals by cassid predators.
A New Contract? The Joint Mobilization of Unionized and Contract Workers in Latin America
Authors: Holland Alisha C. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTComparative political economists often divide Latin American labor markets into those with secure employment (insiders) and those without it (outsiders). Yet this division misses an increasingly important class of contract workers, who hold formal labor contracts but often lack labor stability, welfare benefits, and organizing rights. When do unionized and contract workers share preferences and engage in joint organizing? And when do their efforts result in policy change? Drawing on case studies of Chile and Peru, I argue that unionized workers mobilize contract workers when they see their own membership under threat and when they share physical workplaces with contractors. Labor coalitions succeed in policy reform when they leverage divisions within the business community and upcoming elections to build support. This article thus pushes scholars to move beyond dichotomies of formal versus informal workers and study how contract workers matter for collective action and labor policy outcomes.
The Still Enlightened “Late-Comers”: A Comparison between the Proto-Modernist Nationalisms of Guiseppe Mazzini and Ziya Gökalp
Authors: Ongur Hakan Övünç , Kolasi Klevis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn contrast with the distorted and romanticized images reproduced by far-right narratives, we argue in this study that the constructive ideals of “nation” held by Italy’s Giuseppe Mazzini and Turkey’s Ziya Gökalp, from two later examples of European nationalism, could fit into what might be called a “proto-modernism” within nationalism theories. It is proposed that both Mazzini and Gökalp went through ideological transformations that made them firm opponents of German Romanticism and ardent believers of the Enlightenment, as shown in their non-exclusionary approaches to nationalism. They both rejected essentialist (religious, ethnic, racial, etc.) rationales for the backwardness of their respective countries and maintained the necessity of constructing nations that would initially provide civic equality among citizens and then aim at normative equality among nations at the civilizational level. In that sense, our analysis finds four fundamental similarities between Mazzini and Gökalp with regard to their national ideals: loyalty to the principles of the Enlightenment, national self-determination, civic-legal equality among citizens, and normative equality among all nations.
Humanities and Human Sciences in Nigeria
Authors: Brann C. M. B. 
Published: April 2022

Having four years ago reviewed C.C. Aguolu‘s Nigeria, a comprehensive bibliography in the humanities and social sciences 1900-1971, we could not resist the temptation, ‘where angels fear to tread’, to compare it with the recently published Nigerian contribution to humanistic studies by B. O. Aboyade, making it an excuse to cogitate on the place of the Humanities in the Nigerian university system.To C. C. Aguolu the area of humane studies included both those which take the individual as the centre for investigation, i.e. the Arts, and those which are concerned with the group the Social Sciences: this seems all the more legitimate, as the latter derive from the former. For the Social Sciences have sprung and separated from the Arts within this century, as witnessed by the distinct faculties serving them.
Manuscripts and archives relating to Africa
Authors: Pearson J.D. 
Published: April 2022

A most useful introduction to archive and manuscript collections in Europe and America as well as in Africa was contributed by P. Duignan to the Nairobi conference in 1967 and is published in The Bibliography of Africa, ed. Pearson and Jones, pp. 194—213.The series of ‘Guides to materials for West African history in European archives’ being produced by the University of London Institute of Historical Research numbers four volumes up to the time of writing:Materials for West African history in the archives of Belgium and Holland, by Patricia Carson. London, 1962.Materials for West African history in Portuguese archives, by A.F.C. Ryder. London, 1965.Materials for West African history in Italian archives, by Richard Gray and David Chambers. London, 1965.Materials for West African history in French archives, by Patricia Carson. London, 1968.
The James Phipps papers in the Public Records Office
Authors: Henige David P. 
Published: April 2022

Recently I was able to describe briefly the collection of the papers of James Phipps housed in the Chancery Masters Exhibits collection in the Public Record Office. At that time it was not possible to do more than suggest the salient characteristics of this collection since the materials were completely unorganized and in exactly the same condition as when they were deposited some two centuries ago. This collection has now been organized, albeit in a somewhat inchoate form, and some further assesment of its contents and value can be attempted. The reorganization of these materials has resulted in their being reclassified — unfortunately still within the Chancery Masters Exhibits classification rather than the T70 series — and this note is intended to introduce the new system and to enumerate its contents more fully.James Phipps spent more than twenty years on the Gold Coast in the service of the Royal African Company.
Aberdeen University: Collections of Interest to Africanists
Authors: Murray Jocelyn 
Published: April 2022

The Department of Religious Studies at the University of Aberdeen contains two collections of materials of interest to Africanists. Both encompass a wider area than Africa, but in both the African materials are perhaps the most numerous and interesting.Andrew Walls, head of the Department, directs the Project for the Study of Christianity in the Non-Western World. There is a reading room (the Laws Room) and nn accumulating collection of mission magazines and journals, pamphlets, ephemeral materials, manuscripts, microfilms, photographs, and bibliographic aids. A wide range of current mission and church papers is received, including Catholic and Protestant publications from U.S.A., U.K., the Continent, and Africa. With the supporting collections in the University Library there is a good coverage of older mission journals. Manuscripts of Dr. Robert Laws (born in Aberdeen) have been donated to the Department by his daughter, with other materials relating to Livingstonia.
Information and Documentation for Development in Southern Africa: A Southern African Technical and Scientific Information and Documentation Network
Authors: Kornegay F. A. 
Published: April 2022

What follows is a summary of a document dated Dec. 1st 1978, by Francis A. Kornegay, Jr., Associate Editor, African Bibliographic Centre, Washington DC. The report gives a summary of Mr. Kornegay's recent acquisitions trip and a limited survey of documentation activities on Southern Africa.The International Security Assistance and Arms Control Act of 1977 authorized the preparation of a “Systematic and Comprehensive study of the development requirements of Southern Africa” and therefore a continuous flow of data on the various sections of the economies of the states of Southern Africa would be needed. The Act called for the “Organizing of a central repository of information and talent that could be drawn from other countries and organizations”.