bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying and conserving sympatric diversity in trout of the genus Salmo, with particular reference to Lough Melvin, Ireland
Authors: Ferguson Andrew , Prodöhl Paulo A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSalmonid (Salmonidae) sympatric diversity is the co‐occurrence, in a lake or river, of two or more reproductively isolated populations/subpopulations, or phenotypes resulting from phenotypic plasticity. Sympatric populations can arise through allopatric and/or sympatric evolution. Subsequently, allopatric lineages can occur in sympatry due to independent colonisation and/or through anthropogenic introduction. Sympatric divergence is often driven by feeding opportunities, with populations segregating as planktivorous, benthivorous and piscivorous ecotypes (“trophic polymorphism”), and further segregation occurring by feeding depth and body size. Subpopulations evolve by natal homing where a water has two or more discrete spawning areas, often resulting in phenotypically and ecologically cryptic sympatry. Most known sympatric populations/phenotypes in trout of the genus Salmo (Eurasian trout aka brown trout) involve sympatric piscivorous (ferox) and lifetime invertivorous trout. Segregation on the benthic–limnetic axis has been poorly studied in Eurasian trout compared with other salmonids but is likely commoner than currently described. While three sympatric populations/species of Eurasian trout are recognised from Lake Ohrid (Albania/North Macedonia), limited ecological information is available and there are only two lakes with three or four sympatric populations with described benthic, limnetic and piscivorous trophic segregation: Lough Melvin (Ireland) and Loch Laidon (Scotland), the latter having the only identified case of a sympatric profundal benthic feeding populations, possibly due to the absence of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) in the lake. Many thousands of waters are yet to be examined. Some sympatric populations are extinct, and others are vulnerable with conservation action being urgently required. This should ideally be based on populations/conservation units, but the lack of recognition of intraspecific units in most legislations in the native Eurasian trout range necessitates a pragmatic approach, with species classification, where appropriate, based on integrative taxonomy. Some sympatric populations clearly merit species status and should be formally classified as such if a valid previous name is not available.
The effect of task on object processing revealed by EEG decoding
Authors: Yip Hoi Ming Ken , Cheung Leo Y. T. , Ngan Vince S. H. , Wong Yetta Kwailing , Wong Alan C.‐N. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecent studies showed that task demand affects object representations in higher‐level visual areas and beyond but not so much in earlier areas. There are, however, limitations in those studies including the relatively weak manipulation of task due to the use of familiar real‐life objects, the low temporal resolution in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and the emphasis on the amount and not the source of information carried by brain activations. In the current study, observers categorised images of artificial objects in one of two orthogonal dimensions, shape and texture, while their brain activity was recorded with electroencephalogram (EEG). Results showed that object processing along the texture dimension was affected by task demand starting from a relatively late time (320‐ to 370‐ms time window) after image onset. The findings are consistent with the view that task exerts an effect on the later phases of object processing.
Mode Effects in College Admissions Testing and Differential Speededness as a Possible Explanation
Authors: Steedle Jeffrey T. , Cho Young Woo , Wang Shichao , Arthur Ann M. , Li Dongmei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs testing programs transition from paper to online testing, they must study mode comparability to support the exchangeability of scores from different testing modes. To that end, a series of three mode comparability studies was conducted during the 2019–2020 academic year with examinees randomly assigned to take the ACT college admissions exam on paper or online. Unlike many prior mode comparability studies, examinees testing online earned higher scores on average than examinees testing on paper, especially on the English, reading, and writing tests. Much of the observed mode effects were accounted for by items near the ends of the tests. Subsequent examination of item omit rates, differential item functioning by mode, and change‐point analyses supported the notion that the observed mode effects were related to differential speededness. Specifically, examinees testing online were slightly less speeded, and were therefore able to perform better on items near the ends of the tests. Practical implications for linking across modes, test design, and test administration conditions are discussed.
Population genetic structure of the carrot weevil (Listronotus oregonensis) in North America
Authors: Bessette Marianne , Ste‐Croix Dave T. , Brodeur Jacques , Mimee Benjamin , Gagnon Annie‐Ève 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPopulation genetic studies of insect pests enhance our ability to anticipate problems in agroecosystems, such as pest outbreaks, insecticide resistance, or expansions of the host range. This study focuses on geographic distance and host plant selection as potential determinants of genetic differentiation of the carrot weevil Listronotus oregonensis, a major pest of several apiaceous crops in North America. To undertake genetic studies on this species, we assembled the first complete genome sequence for L. oregonensis. Then, we used both haplotype discrimination with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and a genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) approach to characterize the genetic population structure. A total of 220 individuals were sampled from 17 localities in the provinces of Québec, Ontario, Nova Scotia (Canada), and the state of Ohio (USA). Our results showed significant genetic differences between distant populations across North America, indicating that geographic distance represents an important factor of differentiation for the carrot weevil. Furthermore, the GBS analysis revealed more different clusters than COI analysis between Québec and Nova Scotia populations, suggesting a recent differentiation in the latter province. In contrast, we found no clear evidence of population structure associated with the four cultivated apiaceous plants tested (carrot, parsley, celery, and celeriac) using populations from Québec. This first characterization of the genetic structure of the carrot weevil contributes to a better understanding of the gene flow of the species and helps to adapt local pest management measures to better control this agricultural pest.
Environmental organic pollutants in hair samples from sport horses
Authors: Yavuz O. , Arslan H. H. , Tokur O. , Nuhoglu Z. , Marangoz O. , Mushtaq S. , Arslan A. , Ozdil C. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackgroundPrevious studies have shown high levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and their risks in humans and domestic animals, especially in cats and dogs. However, studies regarding the levels of POPs in horses are limited.ObjectivesTo study the concentration of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organophosphate pesticides (OPs) in hair samples collected from 52 sport horses in Turkey and to investigate the possible relationship among current exposure situation, age and gender of horses.Study designOriginal article.MethodsHair samples were collected from 52 sport horses which were divided into three groups according to age: Group I: < 5 years (n = 17), Group II: 5–10 years (n = 16) and Group III: >10 years (n = 19). In addition to age, the samples were also analysed by location and gender. Thirty environmental pollutants (2 OPs, 7 OCPs, 15 PCBs and 6 PAHs) were analysed using a sensitive GC‐MS method.ResultsAll samples contained a minimum of one pollutant, and 23 of the 30 measured pollutants were identified in at least one sample. Number of positive samples and concentrations of POPs were higher in Group 2 and Group 3 than Group I (p < 0.05). Females and males presented similar results. In terms of location, concentrations of almost all chemicals were higher in Sanliurfa than Ankara (p < 0.05).Main limitationsFeed, drinking water and the other related environmental samples were not analysed to evaluate the relationship between those sources and POPs levels in hair samples collected from sport horses.ConclusionsThe concentration of POPs in the hair and other tissues of sports horses should be monitored periodically. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to investigate levels of the POPs in hair samples from sport horses in Turkey.
Analysis of risk factors for blood transfusion in preterm infants based on statistical analyses
Authors: Liu Jianhui , Wang Jiao , Ma Panpan , Geng Juanjing , Chen Wenyan , Sun Zhiping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn order to improve the analysis effect of risk factors for blood transfusion in preterm infants, this paper studies the natural gradient algorithm based on statistical analysis methods and analyzes the data processing effect of the algorithm. Moreover, this paper combines the analysis of risk factors for blood transfusion in preterm infants to build a factor analysis system based on statistical analysis algorithms and intelligent algorithms, and combines back propagation (BP) neural networks to build the statistical intelligence model. In addition, this paper designs experiments to verify the performance of the statistical intelligence model constructed in this paper, combines statistical methods to perform data processing, and analyzes experimental results through control experiments. From the experimental research results, it can be known that the statistical processing method of risk factors proposed in this paper has a certain effect. Simultaneously, through a large amount of data training research and analysis, it is confirmed that the system constructed in this paper has good data processing effects and can be applied to practice.
Control of fatigue failure mechanisms in multilayer coatings by varying the architectural parameters of an intermetallic interlayer
Authors: Lu Songsong , Cook Richard , Zhang Yi , Reed Philippa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA multilayer overlay coating system containing an intermediate intermetallic layer is an architecture expected to show good fatigue resistance. Experimental characterization and modeling simulations were carried out to classify the different crack initiation mechanisms occurring during fatigue of this coating system (2IML coating system) and to reveal how changes in the layer architecture lead to fatigue improvement. Surface crack initiation seems to play the dominated role in the fatigue failure of this coating system as over 55% of observed cracks were surface cracks. Fatigue improvement is achieved by increasing surface initiation resistance via decreasing the IML‐Top layer thickness. However, subsurface initiation mechanisms inhibit the improvement (dominated by surface initiation mechanism) achieved by locating the IML‐Top layer closer to the top surface. Optimizing the design of 2IML multilayer coatings based on the fatigue performance should eliminate the unreacted nickel layer in the intermediate IML‐Top layer, increase the subsurface interface strength, and decrease the density of voids occurring in the annealing process.
How is patient‐centred care conceptualized in obstetrical health? comparison of themes from concept analyses in obstetrical health‐ and patient‐centred care
Authors: Dong Kelly , Jameel Bismah , Gagliardi Anna R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDue to gender inequities that exist for women of childbearing age, there exists a need to deliver care tailored to their needs and preferences. Patient‐centred care (PCC) can be used to meet these needs. This review aims to compare patient care delivery between PCC and obstetrical care. This can help us address how PCC should be delivered to women before, during and after pregnancy versus how it is delivered to patients regardless of sex.MethodsA review of literature was conducted on MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and SCOPUS for English PCC and high‐quality perinatal reviews published between 2010 and 2021. The data were analysed using a modified Walker and Avant framework.ResultsA total of 2138 unique studies were identified, with 11 PCC and 9 high‐quality obstetrical care studies included. Common defining features between PCC and obstetrical care include respect and dignity, informed decision‐making, therapeutic alliance, effective communication, social relationships and autonomy. PCC‐specific features were holistic care, empowerment, individualized care, coordinated care and empathy. Unique high‐quality obstetrical care themes included continuity of care, privacy and confidentiality, provider education and status, physical environment and equitable maternal care.ConclusionsThere are shared defining attributes between PCC and obstetrical care, including respect and dignity, informed decision‐making, the therapeutic alliance, effective communication, social relationships and autonomy. However, there remain unique defining attributes for high‐quality obstetrical care and PCC. This highlights the need for a unique approach to obstetrical care. More research on care for different physiological conditions in women is needed to address patient care that addresses different parts of the lifespan and develop frameworks that can influence health policy, patient care and health system evaluation.Patient or Public ContributionThis study was one part of a larger, multicomponent study of how to implement PCC for women across the lifespan. While we did not specifically consult or involve women in this dual concept analysis, our larger study (content analysis of clinical guidelines and government policies, qualitative interviews with women and clinicians, Delphi study to prioritize consensus recommendations for achieving PCC for women) was guided by the experiences and input of a 50+ women advisory panel.
Incidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among COVID‐19 vaccinated and unvaccinated healthcare personnel, first responders, and other essential and frontline workers: Eight US locations, January–September 2021
Authors: Naleway Allison L. , Grant Lauren , Caban‐Martinez Alberto J. , Wesley Meredith G. , Burgess Jefferey L. , Groover Kimberly , Gaglani Manjusha , Yoon Sarang K. , Tyner Harmony L. , Meece Jennifer , Kuntz Jennifer L. , Yoo Young M. , Schaefer‐Solle Natasha , Olsho Lauren E. W. , Gerald Joe K. , Rose Spencer , Thiese Matthew S. , Lundgren Jessica , Groom Holly C. , Mak Josephine , Louzado Feliciano Paola , Edwards Laura J. , Lutrick Karen , Dunnigan Kayan , Phillips Andrew L. , Lamberte Julie Mayo , Noriega Roger , Sokol Brian E. , Odean Marilyn , Ellingson Katherine D. , Smith Michael , Hegmann Kurt T. , Respet Karley , Dickerson Monica , Cruz Alexandra , Fleary Deanna E. , Murthy Kempapura , Hunt Angela , Azziz‐Baumgartner Eduardo , Gallimore‐Wilson Damena , Harder Jenna A. , Odame‐Bamfo Leah , Viergutz Jennifer , Arvay Melissa , Jones John M. , Mistry Peenaz , Thompson Mark G. , Fowlkes Ashley L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to evaluate the impact of changes in estimates of COVID‐19 vaccine effectiveness on the incidence of laboratory‐confirmed infection among frontline workers at high risk for SARS‐CoV‐2.MethodsWe analyzed data from a prospective frontline worker cohort to estimate the incidence of COVID‐19 by month as well as the association of COVID‐19 vaccination, occupation, demographics, physical distancing, and mask use with infection risk. Participants completed baseline and quarterly surveys, and each week self‐collected mid‐turbinate nasal swabs and reported symptoms.ResultsAmong 1018 unvaccinated and 3531 fully vaccinated workers, the monthly incidence of laboratory‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in January 2021 was 13.9 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.4–17.4), declining to 0.5 (95% CI ‐0.4‐1.4) per 1000 person‐weeks in June. By September 2021, when the Delta variant predominated, incidence had once again risen to 13.6 (95% CI 7.8–19.4) per 1000 person‐weeks. In contrast, there was no reportable incidence among fully vaccinated participants at the end of January 2021, and incidence remained low until September 2021 when it rose modestly to 4.1 (95% CI 1.9–3.8) per 1000. Below average facemask use was associated with a higher risk of infection for unvaccinated participants during exposure to persons who may have COVID‐19 and vaccinated participants during hours in the community.ConclusionsCOVID‐19 vaccination was significantly associated with a lower risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection despite Delta variant predominance. Our data demonstrate the added protective benefit of facemask use among both unvaccinated and vaccinated frontline workers.
Non‐random distribution of ungulate salt licks relative to distance from North American oceanic margins
Authors: Maro Aleksey , Dudley Robert 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTerrestrial deposition of aerosol marine sodium declines with distance from coastlines. Salt deprivation in vertebrate herbivores and salt‐seeking behaviours should hence increase with distance inland. We analyse published geospatial data on ungulate‐patronized salt licks to test whether they are non‐randomly distributed relative to distance from oceans and elevation.LocationCanada, Alaska and the contiguous United States.TaxonCetartiodactyla (even‐toed ungulates).MethodsWe determined the land area and median elevation of 100 km increments from the North American coast. The null model of the expected number of licks within each interval was determined by the ratio of the interval's land area to the total land area, multiplied by the total number of licks. We asked whether the number of licks further from coastlines was significantly higher than chance. We also assessed whether licks occur disproportionately at higher elevations, comparing the median elevation of observed licks to the median elevation within each interval.ResultsWe found a strong positive relationship between salt lick patronage by ungulates and distance from the coast. Licks occurred significantly less often within, and more often beyond, 500 km inland, and at significantly higher elevations than would be expected by chance.Main conclusionsThese findings indicate that the patronage of salt licks is constrained geographically, and that the foraging behaviour of ungulates and other phytophagous vertebrate taxa may be influenced over large spatial scales by sodium availability. Salt‐seeking behaviour varies on a wide biogeographical scale across North America, with concomitant implications for vertebrate herbivore behaviour and ecology.
Effects of contextual interactive healthcare training on caregivers of patients with suspected COVID‐19 infection: Anxiety, learning achievements, perceived support and self‐efficacies during quarantine
Authors: Lin Xiao‐Fan , Liang Zhong‐Mei , Chan Kan Kan , Li Wenyi , Ling Xiaolan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe contextual and interactive learning research was motivated by the need to enhance the healthcare training effect of caregivers of patients with suspected COVID‐19 infection during quarantine. However, there is a lack of effective approaches to integrating mobile contextual learning into interactive learning.ObjectivesTherefore, this study developed a mobile augmented reality‐integration contextual interactive healthcare training system, and then investigated the effects of the proposed system on anxiety, learning effects, perceived support and self‐efficacies.MethodsTo validate the effectiveness of the system, we conducted a quasi‐experiment with a sample of 91 caregivers of patients with suspected COVID‐19 infection.Results and conclusionsResults showed that the experimental group with the developed system was superior to the control group with e‐pamphlet instruction in mobile devices, in terms of learning effect, perceived support, self‐efficacies and reduction of anxiety during quarantine. Therefore, the mobile contextual interactive healthcare training system could be useful to improve caregivers' self‐efficacies as well as their ability to care for patients in the context of COVID‐19 infection prevention.ImplicationsThis is one of the few studies of the effective approach for technology‐enhanced healthcare education in the COVID‐19 pandemic. Some corresponding suggestions are proposed: implementing mobile contextual interactive training activities to enhance caregivers' knowledge, skills and self‐efficacies; involving social interactions to relieve caregivers' anxiety; providing professional communications and support while facing difficulties in taking care of patients with suspected COVID‐19 infection.
Gender‐specific outcomes after percutaneous left atrial appendage closure: A nationwide readmission database analysis
Authors: Patel Neel , Ranka Sagar , Hajra Adrija , Bandyopadhyay Dhrubajyoti , Amgai Birendra , Chakraborty Sandipan , Khalid Mazin , Goyal Amandeep , Dalia Tarun , Reddy Yeruva Madhu , Shani Jacob 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThromboembolism‐associated stroke is the most feared complication of atrial fibrillation (AF). Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (pLAAC) is indicated for stroke prevention in patients with AF who can not tolerate long‐term anticoagulation. We aim to study gender differences in peri‐procedural and readmissions outcomes in pLAAC patients.MethodsUsing the national readmission database from January 2016 to December 2018, AF patients undergoing the pLAAC procedure were identified. We used multivariate logistic regression analyses and time‐to‐event Cox regression analyses to conduct the study. Propensity matching with the Greedy method was done for the accuracy of results.ResultA total of 28 819 patients were included in our study. Among them 11 946 (41.5%) were women and 16 873 (58.6%) were men. The mean age of overall population was 76.1 ± 8.5 years, with women ~1 year older than men. The overall rate of complications was higher in women (8.6% vs. 6.6%, p < .001), primarily driven by bleeding‐related complications, that is, major bleed (odds ratio [OR]: 1.32 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.69, p = .029), blood transfusion (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.06–1.97, p = .019), and cardiac tamponade (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.13–2.89, p = .014). Women had two times higher peri‐procedural ischemic stroke. There was no difference in peri‐procedural mortality. Women remained at 20% and 13% higher risk for readmission at 30 days and 6 months of discharge.ConclusionWomen had higher peri‐procedural complications and were at higher risk of readmissions at 30 days and 6 months. However, there was no difference in mortality during the index hospitalization. Further studies are necessary to determine causality.
A critical review on natural compounds interacting with the plant plasma membrane H+‐ATPase and their potential as biologicals in agriculture
Authors: Havshøi Nanna W. , Fuglsang Anja T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe plant plasma membrane (PM) H+‐ATPase is an essential enzyme controlling plant growth and development. It is an important factor in response to abiotic and biotic stresses and is subject to tight regulation. We are in demand for new sustainable natural growth regulators and as a key enzyme for regulation of transport into the plant cell the PM H+‐ATPase is a potential target for these. In this review, we have evaluated the known non‐protein natural compounds with regulatory effects on the PM H+‐ATPase, focusing on their mechanism of action and their potential as biologicals/growth regulators in plant production of future sustainable agriculture.