bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality in adult children of parents with alcohol use disorder: a nationwide register study
Authors: Westman Jeanette , Jayaram-Lindström Nitya , Kane Kimberly , Franck Johan , Gissler Mika 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResearch suggests that adult children of parents with harmful alcohol use are at increased risk for premature death. This national cohort study investigated mortality in adult children of parents with alcohol use disorder (AUD), adjusting for sociodemographic variables. The study used 1973 to 2018 data from Swedish national registers to compare mortality risk in children who had ≥ 1 parent with AUD (ICD-10 code F10 and its ICD-8 and ICD-9 equivalents) (n = 122,947) and those who did not (n = 2,298,532). A Cox regression model adjusted for year of birth, sex, parental education, and childhood loss of a parent was used. Before the age of 18 years, about 5% of children born in Sweden lived with ≥ 1 parent who had a clinical diagnosis of AUD. Overall mortality was higher in adult children of parents with AUD: hazard ratio (HR) 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.71–1.82. Mortality remained elevated after adjustments for sociodemographic factors (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.40–1.50). Children of parents with AUD had increased mortality from all investigated causes. The highest excess risk was for death from drug-related causes (excluding accidental poisonings) (HR 3.08, 95% CI 2.74–3.46). For most causes, mortality was higher if the mother had AUD than if the father had AUD. Patterns of mortality were similar in both sexes. This study provides evidence that parental AUD raises the risk of offspring mortality from preventable causes such as drug use, suicide (HR 2.16, 95% CI 1.98–2.36), accident (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.87–2.13), and assault (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.38–2.24).
The comparative mortality of an elite group in the long run of history: an observational analysis of politicians from 11 countries
Authors: Clarke Philip M. , Tran-Duy An , Roope Laurence S. J. , Stiles Jay A. , Barnett Adrian G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aims to compare the mortality rate and life expectancy of politicians with those of the age and gender-matched general populations. This was an observational analysis of mortality rates of politicians (i.e. members of national parliaments with available data on dates of birth, death and election, gender, and life tables) in 11 developed countries. Politicians were followed from date of first election until either death or the last available year with life table data. Relative mortality differences were estimated using standardised mortality ratios (SMRs). Absolute inequalities were quantified as the difference in survival by deducting a population’s remaining life expectancy from politicians’ remaining life expectancy at age 45, estimated using Gompertz parametric proportional hazards models. We included 57,561 politicians (with follow-up ranging from 1816–2016 for France to 1949–2017 for Germany). In almost all countries politicians had similar rates of mortality to the general population in the early part of the twentieth century. Relative mortality and survival differences (favouring politicians) increased considerably over the course of the twentieth century, with recent SMRs ranging from 0.45 (95%CI 0.41–0.50) in Italy to 0.82 (95%CI 0.69–0.95) in New Zealand. The peak life expectancy gaps ranged from 4.4 (95% CI, 3.5–5.4) years in the Netherlands to 7.8 (95% CI, 7.2–8.4) years in the US. Our results show large relative and absolute inequalities favouring politicians in every country. In some countries, such as the US, relative inequalities are at the greatest level in over 150 years.
Universal tumor screening for lynch syndrome on colorectal cancer biopsies impacts surgical treatment decisions
Authors: Vazzano Jennifer , Tomlinson Jewel , Stanich Peter P. , Pearlman Rachel , Kalady Matthew F. , Chen Wei , Hampel Heather , Frankel Wendy L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUniversal tumor screening (UTS) for Lynch syndrome (LS) on colorectal cancer (CRC) can be performed on biopsies or resection specimens. The advantage of biopsies is the chance to provide preoperative genetic counseling/testing (GC/T) so patients diagnosed with LS can make informed decisions regarding resection extent. We evaluated utilization of UTS on biopsies, percentage of patients with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) who underwent GC/T preoperatively, and whether surgical/treatment decisions were impacted. We performed a retrospective review of medical records to assess CRC cases with dMMR immunohistochemical staining from 1/1/2017 to 2/26/2021. 1144 CRC patients had UTS using MMR immunohistochemistry; 559 biopsies (48.9%) and 585 resections (51.1%). The main reason UTS was not performed on biopsy was it occurred outside our health system. 58 (5%) of CRCs were dMMR and did not have MLH1 promoter hypermethylation (if MLH1 and PMS2 absent). 28/58 (48.3%) of dMMR cases were diagnosed on biopsy. Of those 28, 14 (50%) eventually underwent GC/T, and 7 (25%) had GT results prior to surgery. One of the 7 had incomplete documentation of results affecting their treatment plan. Of the remaining 6 with complete documentation, 5 underwent surgery and one was treated with immunotherapy only. Three patients elected a more extensive surgery. 6/28 (21.4%) dMMR patients identified on biopsy made an informed surgical/treatment decision based on their dMMR status/LS diagnosis. When applied, UTS on biopsy followed by genetic counseling and testing informs surgical decision-making. Process and implementation strategies are in place to overcome challenges to more broadly optimize this approach.
The energy spectrum of metrics on surfaces
Authors: Slegers Ivo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLet $$(N,\rho )$$

(
N
,
ρ
)

be a Riemannian manifold, S a surface of genus at least two and let $$f:S \rightarrow N$$

f
:
S
→
N

be a continuous map. We consider the energy spectrum of $$(N,\rho )$$

(
N
,
ρ
)

(and f) which assigns to each point $$[J]\in \mathcal {T}(S)$$

[
J
]
∈
T
(
S
)

in the Teichmüller space of S the infimum of the Dirichlet energies of all maps $$(S,J)\rightarrow (N,\rho )$$

(
S
,
J
)
→
(
N
,
ρ
)

homotopic to f. We study the relation between the energy spectrum and the simple length spectrum. Our main result is that if $$N=S$$

N
=
S

, $$f={{\,\mathrm{id}\,}}$$

f
=

id

and $$\rho $$
ρ
is a metric of non-positive curvature, then the energy spectrum determines the simple length spectrum. Furthermore, we prove that the converse does not hold by exhibiting two metrics on S with equal simple length spectrum but different energy spectrum. As corollaries to our results we obtain that the set of hyperbolic metrics and the set of singular flat metrics induced by quadratic differentials satisfy energy spectrum rigidity, i.e. a metric in these sets is determined, up to isotopy, by its energy spectrum. We prove that analogous statements also hold true for Kleinian surface groups.
On the Attribution of Parental Competence: Parents’ Behavior Matters, not Their Sexual Orientation
Authors: Kranz Dirk 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUsing a vignette approach, two studies examined the impact of three factors on judgments of parental competence: target parents’ sexual orientation, gender, and parenting behavior. According to the aversive prejudice framework, people should express their subtle prejudice against lesbian and gay parents when the latter show detrimental parenting behavior––that is, when devaluation is easy to rationalize. Samples of 170 and 290 German heterosexual participants each were presented with a parent-child conflict situation. In Study 1, the child threw a public tantrum during a restaurant visit; in Study 2, the children wanted to play outside instead of doing their homework. Irrespective of target gender, lesbian and gay parents were judged as equally or even somewhat more competent than heterosexual parents. In both studies, parents who responded in an authoritative way received the most positive evaluation of parental competence, whereas parents who responded in an authoritarian way received the most negative evaluation. In neither study, however, there was a significant interaction between parents’ sexual orientation and parenting behavior. That is, contrary to hypothesis, lesbian and gay parents did not receive more negative evaluation than heterosexual parents when responding in a comparatively negative, authoritarian or permissive way. Such interaction could also not be found when additionally considering participants’ levels of homonegativity or social desirability. The discussion centers on the increasing acceptance of same-sex parenthood as well as the high appreciation of authoritative parenting in contemporary Germany.
Enhancing antibacterial property of porous titanium surfaces with silver nanoparticles coatings via electron-beam evaporation
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Li Yaoxu , Luo Xiaobing , Ding Yumei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAntibacterial activity is one of the most vital characteristics for Titanium (Ti) dental implants. Coating antibacterial material onto Ti surfaces is an effective approach to enhance their intrinsic antibacterial ability. However, a cost-effective but efficient coating strategy for realizing this objective still remains challenging. In this study, we proposed a novel implant surface modification strategy for coating silver nanoparticles onto the porous Ti surface via a facile electron beam evaporation (EBE) approach. Porous Ti surfaces were firstly prepared by sand-blasting large grit acid-etching (SLA) process. Then, the silver nanoparticles coating thickness on the porous Ti surface was adjusted and optimized by altering the duration of EBE process. Consequently, composite porous Ti surfaces with different silver thicknesses were synthesized. Polished Ti (PT) surface without SLA or EBE process was also prepared as the controlled blank group. The surface characterizations were analyzed by SEM, AFM, and XPS. After that, the antibacterial properties of all groups were tested with bacteria counting method, bacterial viability test, live/dead bacterial staining, and SEM examination. Results show that silver nanoparticles were uniformly distributed on the porous Ti surfaces after the SLA and EBE processes. After being incorporated with silver nanoparticles, the composite surfaces successfully inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The antibacterial ratio (AR) values of SLA-Ag groups increased with the increasing silver thickness and are significantly higher than those of PT and SLA groups. Therefore, by the SLA and EBE processes, the composite porous Ti surfaces modified with silver nanoparticles coatings demonstrate superior antibacterial property compared with pure Ti surfaces, which is highly promising for enhancing the antibacterial functions of dental implants.
Hydrazone-based Materials; DFT, TD-DFT, NBO Analysis, Fukui Function, MESP Analysis, and Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Sakr Mahmoud A. S. , Sherbiny Farag F. , El-Etrawy Abd-Allah Sh. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDue to numerous pharmaceutical and biological activities hydrazone (TC) based materials, it was important to investigate quantum chemical studies such as Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, molecular electrostatic potential (MESP), and local reactivity usage Fukui function for six TC derivatives compounds. DFT, NBO, MESP, and local reactivity calculations were obtained via utilizing CAM-Becke's three-parameter functional and Leee Yange Parr (CAM-B3LYP) functional and 6-311G +  + (2d, 2p) basis set. Optimized molecular structures for all studied compounds were obtained usage the DFT/CAM-B3LYP/6-311G +  + (2d, 2p) method. In addition, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), energy gap (Eg), light harvest efficiency (LHE), and open-circuit voltage (Voc) of all studied MSs are calculated and illustrated. These properties indicate that these molecular modeling structures as good candidates for utilization in organic DSSCs. The calculated spectroscopic investigations of hydrazine derivatives have been obtained by applying the TD/CAM-B3LYP/6-311G +  + (2d, 2p) method. the calculated UV–Vis absorption spectra for molecular structures under study show nice correlations with experimental spectra.
The Role of ‘Peace of Mind’ and ‘Meaningfulness’ as Psychological Concepts in Explaining Subjective Well-being
Authors: Sophie Vandepitte , Sara Claes , Jellen T’Jaeckx , Lieven Annemans 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Although extensive research has been conducted to explain what contributes to subjective wellbeing, still a substantial part of its variance remains unexplained. This study investigated whether psychological concepts ‘peace of mind’ and ‘meaningfulness’ contribute to SWB beyond the basic and psychological needs while using several needs theories as a theoretical basis and thereby hypothesizing that both concepts are actionable and help enhance SWB.

Methods
The cross-sectional data (N = 3770) of the Belgian National happiness study (2018) were used. Three components of SWB (life satisfaction, positive and negative affect) were identified as predicted variables and used in threefold stepwise forward regression analyses.

Results
As expected both basic and psychological needs explained a considerable part of the three SWB components. However, including meaningfulness and peace of mind in the last step of the models resulted in a substantially higher total variance that was explained in these components (i.e. 56.7% for life satisfaction, 37.2% for positive affect, and 56.1% for negative affect). More specific, in the final models: basic needs, feelings of autonomy and relatedness, peace of mind and meaningfulness were significantly associated with the life satisfaction component. For the positive affect component: psychological needs, peace of mind, and meaningfulness were the significantly associated factors. Finally, the negative affect component was most significantly associated with basic needs, psychological needs, and peace of mind, while meaningfulness did not play a significant role in explaining negative affect.

Discussion
This study reconfirms the value of several needs theories in explaining the components of SWB and the role of universal needs. The final steps of the models also indicate that different needs contribute independently to the different SWB components. This is the first study demonstrating that ‘meaningfulness’ and ‘peace of mind’ contribute substantially to SWB beyond the typical basic and psychological needs.
Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Deoxidation of Copper Surfaces in an Ar/SiH4 Atmosphere
Authors: Udachin Viktor , Wegewitz Lienhard , Dahle Sebastian , Maus-Friedrichs Wolfgang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNowadays, cold plasma techniques like dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasmas have attracted considerable interest in view of high deoxidation efficiencies as well as relative simplicity of setups. Although DBD plasma deoxidation of copper has been mainly studied in Ar/H2 mixtures, there is no information on reduction performance of such methods in other protective atmospheres. In this study, the reduction of natively oxidized copper surfaces using a DBD plasma in an Ar/SiH4 atmosphere at 100 hPa and 20 °C was investigated. The influence of a silane gas on the deoxidation performance was studied by varying the SiH4 concentration from 0.0 to 0.5 vol%. An addition of a SiH4 gas to an Ar atmosphere results in the increase of the deoxidation effect of a DBD plasma, so almost all Cu2O was reduced after 10 s of treatment in 0.1 vol% silane. Surface morphology analysis showed formation of particles after Ar/SiH4 plasma treatments that can be cleaned from the surfaces by wiping. Additionally, characterization of the plasma phase indicated the presence of SiH* radicals that likely play a role in the deoxidation effect. Moreover, an elimination of residual oxygen and nitrogen species in Ar by addition of SiH4 was observed.
Overwhelmed by Learning in Lockdown: Effects of Covid-19-enforced Homeschooling on Parents’ Wellbeing
Authors: Heers Marieke , Lipps Oliver 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWith the closure of schools due to the Covid-19-pandemic, parents of schoolchildren had to quickly adapt their daily schedules by taking over responsibilities of homeschooling for their children, while arranging their own schedule. This study first identifies the parents who are most challenged by having to ensure homeschooling responsibilities and then assesses how homeschooling affects different dimensions of parents’ wellbeing. Analyzing data from a large general population-representative panel survey in Switzerland, we compare subjective wellbeing before the Covid-19-outbreak to wellbeing at the end of the semi-lockdown. Almost one fifth of parents report being sometimes overwhelmed by homeschooling obligations for their children. Women, mid-aged and lower-educated individuals as well as those with young children and a lower income are particularly overwhelmed. Being sometimes overwhelmed by homeschooling does not cause changes in life satisfaction, stress and negative affect. Yet, it leads to a decrease in positive affect. We derive recommendations for educational and public health policies.
A knowledge graph empowered online learning framework for access control decision-making
Authors: You Mingshan , Yin Jiao , Wang Hua , Cao Jinli , Wang Kate , Miao Yuan , Bertino Elisa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractKnowledge graph, as an extension of graph data structure, is being used in a wide range of areas as it can store interrelated data and reveal interlinked relationships between different objects within a large system. This paper proposes an algorithm to construct an access control knowledge graph from user and resource attributes. Furthermore, an online learning framework for access control decision-making is proposed based on the constructed knowledge graph. Within the framework, we extract topological features to represent high cardinality categorical user and resource attributes. Experimental results show that topological features extracted from knowledge graph can improve the access control performance in both offline learning and online learning scenarios with different degrees of class imbalance status.
Hepatic and renal toxicity following the injection of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) in mature male Westar rats: histochemical and caspase 3 immunohistochemical reactivities
Authors: Ghonimi Wael A. M. , Alferah Mosaid A. Z. , Dahran Naief , El-Shetry Eman S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCopper nanoparticles are widely utilized in a variety of applications, including metal catalysts, semiconductors, heat transfer fluids in machine tools, and even in antibacterial medications. Forty mature healthy Westar rats were utilized in the current investigation and grouped randomly into four groups (n = 10 rats/group). Group I (G1) was kept as a control group, but G2, G3, and G4 were intraperitoneally injected with CuO NPs with a dose (5 mg, 10 mg, 25 mg/kg body weight/day) respectively for 9 days. Rats were sacrificed; then, the livers and kidneys were dissected and subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. Our findings of G2 and G3 revealed mild to moderate degenerative changes within the hepatic parenchyma, moderate blood vessel congestions, glycogen depletion, hemosiderosis, and microvesicular steatosis (fatty changes within the hepatocytes). In addition, at the level of kidney, our examination clarified moderate degenerations of the renal corpuscles and renal tubules with moderate swelling and congestions of the glomerulus with moderate vacuolations in the renal tubules lining epithelium. On the other hand, increasing the dose of CuO NPs, the toxicity became more obvious, where the liver of G4 revealed severe necrosis of hepatocytes with completely disorganizations of the hepatic rays, loss of the hepatic architectures, severe steatosis, severe hemosiderosis, sinusoidal dilatations with congestions, as well as severe fibrous tissue proliferation with anti-inflammatory cell infiltrations specially around portal triad with hyperplasia of bile duct. Meanwhile in kidney, G4 clarified severe necrosis and atrophy of the renal corpuscles with severe damage of Bowman’s capsule leading to completely disorganization and loss of normal renal cortex architectures, severe congestion of the glomerulus, severe necrosis of the renal tubules with damage and sloughing for its lining epithelium, and severe hemorrhage between renal tubules. In addition, severe and diffuse caspase 3 immunoreactivity were observed within the hepatic and renal tissues of G4. The present investigation was concluded that the CuO NPs have a potential toxicological effect on the hepatic and renal tissues that may affect their functions.-->
Anemia is associated with increased risk of non-vertebral osteoporotic fractures in elderly men: the MrOS Sweden cohort
Authors: Kristjansdottir Hallgerdur Lind , Mellström Dan , Johansson Peter , Karlsson Magnus , Vandenput Liesbeth , Lorentzon Mattias , Herlitz Hans , Ohlsson Claes , Lerner Ulf H. , Lewerin Catharina 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Summary

This study includes 1005 men from the Gothenburg part of the Osteoporotic Fracture in Men Study (MrOS). Included are 66 men with anemia (hemoglobin < 130 g/L). The follow-up time was up to 16 years, and the main results are that anemia is associated with all fractures and non-vertebral osteoporotic fractures.

Introduction
Anemia and osteoporotic fractures are conditions that are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Clinical studies have suggested that anemia can be used as a predictor of future osteoporotic fractures.

Method
Men from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS) Sweden, Gothenburg, with available hemoglobin (Hb) values (n = 1005, median age 75.3 years (SD 3.2)), were included in the current analyses. Of these, 66 suffered from anemia, defined as Hb < 130 g/L. Median follow-up time for fracture was 10.1 years and the longest follow-up time was 16.1 years.

Results
Men with anemia had, at baseline, experienced more falls and had a higher prevalence of diabetes, cancer, prostate cancer, hypertension, and stroke. Anemia was not statistically significantly associated with bone mineral density (BMD). Men with anemia had higher serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (iFGF23) (p < 0.001) and phosphate (p = 0.001) and lower serum levels of testosterone (p < 0.001) and estradiol (p < 0.001). Moreover, men with anemia had an increased risk of any fracture (hazard ratio (HR) 1.97, 95% CI 1.28–3.02) and non-vertebral osteoporotic fracture (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.18–3.93), after adjustment for age and total hip BMD, in 10 years. The risk for any fracture was increased in 10 and 16 years independently of falls, comorbidities, inflammation, and sex hormones. The age-adjusted risk of hip fracture was increased in men with anemia (HR 2.32, 95% CI 1.06–5.12), in 10 years, although this was no longer statistically significant after further adjustment for total hip BMD.

Conclusions
Anemia is associated with an increased risk for any fracture and non-vertebral osteoporotic fracture in elderly men with a long follow-up time. The cause is probably multifactorial and our results support that anemia can be used as a predictor for future fracture.