bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer Prevention Prioritized at AACR Annual Meeting and a New Working Group
Authors: Albini Adriana 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Scientific advances in the late 19th century set the stage for progress in understanding and treating cancer, a disease that was previously considered almost hopeless. One hundred years later, cancer prevention is becoming an increasingly important focus for oncology research. New tools and ideas bring to the field some extremely promising molecular, organizational, social, and political approaches, which were a focus of the American Association for Cancer Research 2022 Annual Meeting and of the newly launched AACR Cancer Prevention Working Group (CPWG). We are moving toward precision prevention, better tools for early detection and for risk assessment, the use of a Precancer Atlas, unveiling of new biomarkers. Besides improving lifestyle, by avoiding risk factors such as tobacco use, excessive UV exposure, infectious agents, as well as poor dietary habits, lack of exercise, overweight, and obesity, many other factors can impact cancer risk, which is a warning to consider a multifaceted molecular but also social approach. Gender, ethnicity, geographic, and economic lines are associated with disparities in prevention, which we want to overcome. Here we summarize some challenges and priorities in cancer prevention emerging from the work of AACR and CPWG.
Neural network training for serial multisensor of autonomous vehicle system
Authors: Budisusila Eka Nuryanto , Prasetyowati Sri Arttini Dwi , Suprapto Bhakti Yudho , Nawawi Zainuddin 
Published: August 2022

<span>This study aims to find the best artificial neural network weight values to be applied to the autonomous vehicle system with ultrasonic multisensor. The implementation of neural network in the system required long time process due to its training process. Therefore, this research is using offline training before implementing to online training by embedding the best network weight values to obtain the outputs faster according to desired targets. Simulink were used to train the system offline. Eight ultrasonic sensors are used on all sides of the vehicle and arranged in a serial multisensory configuration as inputs of neural network. With eight inputs, one sixteen-depth hidden layer, and five outputs, it was trained using the back-propagation algorithm of artificial neural network. By 100000 iterations, the output values and the target values are almost the same, indicating its convergency with minimum of errors. The result of this training is the best weights of the networks. These weight values can be implemented as fixed-weight in online training.</span>
Design and implementation of smart guided glass for visually impaired people
Authors: Islam Md. Tobibul , Rashid Mohd Abdur , Ahmad Mohiuddin , Kuwana Anna , Kobayashi Haruo 
Published: August 2022

<span>The objective of this paper is to develop an innovative microprocessor-based sensible glass for those who are square measure visually impaired. Among all existing devices in the market, one can help blind people by giving a buzzer sound when detecting an object. There are no devices that can provide object, hole, and barrier information associated with distance, family member, and safety information in a single device. Our proposed guiding glass provides all that necessary information to the blind person’s ears as audio instructions. The proposed system relies on Raspberry pi three model B, Pi camera, and NEO-6M global positioning system (GPS) module. We use TensorFlow and faster region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) approach for detection of objects and recognition of family members of the blind man. This system provides voice information through headphones to the ears of the blind person, and facile the blind individual to gain independence and freedom within the indoor and outdoor atmosphere.</span>
Restoration of Cardiomyogenesis in Aged Mouse Hearts by Voluntary Exercise
Authors: Lerchenmüller Carolin , Vujic Ana , Mittag Sonja , Wang Annie , Rabolli Charles P. , Heß Chiara , Betge Fynn , Rangrez Ashraf Y. , Chaklader Malay , Guillermier Christelle , Gyngard Frank , Roh Jason D. , Li Haobo , Steinhauser Matthew L. , Frey Norbert , Rothermel Beverly , Dieterich Christoph , Rosenzweig Anthony , Lee Richard T. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The human heart has limited capacity to generate new cardiomyocytes and this capacity declines with age. Because loss of cardiomyocytes may contribute to heart failure, it is crucial to explore stimuli of endogenous cardiac regeneration to favorably shift the balance between loss of cardiomyocytes and the birth of new cardiomyocytes in the aged heart. We have previously shown that cardiomyogenesis can be activated by exercise in the young adult mouse heart. Whether exercise also induces cardiomyogenesis in aged hearts, however, is still unknown. Here, we aim to investigate the effect of exercise on the generation of new cardiomyocytes in the aged heart.

Methods:

Aged (20-month-old) mice were subjected to an 8-week voluntary running protocol, and age-matched sedentary animals served as controls. Cardiomyogenesis in aged hearts was assessed on the basis of
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N-thymidine incorporation and multi-isotope imaging mass spectrometry. We analyzed 1793 cardiomyocytes from 5 aged sedentary mice and compared these with 2002 cardiomyocytes from 5 aged exercised mice, followed by advanced histology and imaging to account for ploidy and nucleation status of the cell. RNA sequencing and subsequent bioinformatic analyses were performed to investigate transcriptional changes induced by exercise specifically in aged hearts in comparison with young hearts.

Results:

Cardiomyogenesis was observed at a significantly higher frequency in exercised compared with sedentary aged hearts on the basis of the detection of mononucleated/diploid
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N-thymidine–labeled cardiomyocytes. No mononucleated/diploid
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N-thymidine–labeled cardiomyocyte was detected in sedentary aged mice. The annual rate of mononucleated/diploid
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N-thymidine–labeled cardiomyocytes in aged exercised mice was 2.3% per year. This compares with our previously reported annual rate of 7.5% in young exercised mice and 1.63% in young sedentary mice. Transcriptional profiling of young and aged exercised murine hearts and their sedentary controls revealed that exercise induces pathways related to circadian rhythm, irrespective of age. One known oscillating transcript, however, that was exclusively upregulated in aged exercised hearts, was isoform 1.4 of regulator of calcineurin, whose regulation and functional role were explored further.

Conclusions:
Our data demonstrate that voluntary running in part restores cardiomyogenesis in aged mice and suggest that pathways associated with circadian rhythm may play a role in physiologically stimulated cardiomyogenesis.
The Role of Early Superficial Temporal to Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass Revascularization Surgery in Middle Cerebral Artery‐Territory Strokes: A Systematic Review Study
Authors: Sabouri Masih , Aminmansour Bahram , Sourani Arman , Sharafi Mohammad , Sahraei Ahmad , Rahimi Arvin , Saghaei Saeid , Baradaran Mahdavi Sadegh , Foroughi Mina 
Published: August 2022

Background
To systematically summarize and critically review the available literature regarding the functional outcome of the urgent superficial temporal artery to the middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass surgery in stroke patients associated with MCA lesions.

Methods

The current systematic review was conducted and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis statement. Medline (PubMed), ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and google scholar (manually searches) were systematically searched up to August 2021. The eligibility criteria were defined as all the patients who had MCA‐territory strokes due to MCA/intradural internal carotid artery lesions that underwent same‐admission superficial temporal artery‐MCA bypass surgery. The strokes with cervical internal carotid artery and anterior cerebral artery lesions/strokes were excluded. The checklists produced by the US National Heart Lung and Blood Institute were used for quality assessment. Demographic variables, clinical findings, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores, the time interval between symptoms to surgery, imaging results, endovascular treatments, surgical notes, mortality rate, follow‐up findings, modified Rankin scale scores, and all reported medical records were extracted and analyzed with SPSS software (ver. 23).
P
values ≤0.05 were considered meaningful.

Results
The initial search yielded 3050 records, and 13 articles met the inclusion criteria and entered this systematic review. A total of 165 patients were pooled for data analysis. Nine studies had data regarding neurological deficits before and after surgery. Except for 5 patients, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score after the operation was the same or better than the preoperative score. Eleven out of 17 patients in 3 studies showed early neurological improvement (a decrease in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of ≥4 points at 3 days) after bypass surgery. Functional outcome was stated in 10 studies. Overall, a good functional outcome (modified Rankin scale=0–2) was achieved in 9 out of 21 (42.1%) patients at discharge and in 44 out of 59 (74.5%) patients at 3 months follow‐up. Lower age was associated with favorable outcomes. Long‐term graft patency was excellent in 99.5% of patients. Postoperative hematoma and mortality (all noncranial) rates were 3% and 3.6%, respectively.

Conclusion
The current study suggests that early superficial temporal artery‐MCA revascularization should be considered an available option in younger patients (<60‐year‐old) with MCA territory strokes who fail medical treatment.
The Phi Angle: A Theoretical Essay on Sense of Presence, Human Factors, and Performance in Virtual Reality
Authors: Maneuvrier Arthur , Westermann Hannes 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The question of the relationship between the sense of presence and performance in virtual reality is fundamental for anyone wishing to use the tool methodologically. Indeed, if the sense of presence can modify performance per se, then individual factors affecting the human–computer interaction might have repercussions on performance, despite being unrelated to it. After a discussion on the sense of presence and the particularities it provokes, this work studies the psychophysiology of virtual reality. This in virtuo experience is understood according to a constitutive and reciprocal relationship with the subject's cognitive profile, made up of all the human, contextual, and motivational factors impacting the processing of immersion. The role and importance of performance in virtual reality is described in this framework in such a way as to be studied methodologically. The presence–performance relationship is discussed based on previous works and analyzed in terms of attentional resources. Finally, the degree of ecological validity of the performance is described as the factor modulating the relationship between the sense of presence and performance (the Phi Angle). Limitations, applications, and test hypotheses of the model are presented. This work not only aims to help explain the conceptualization of virtual reality, but also to improve its methodological framework.
Fact Checking with Insufficient Evidence
Authors: Atanasova Pepa , Simonsen Jakob Grue , Lioma Christina , Augenstein Isabelle 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAutomating the fact checking (FC) process relies on information obtained from external sources. In this work, we posit that it is crucial for FC models to make veracity predictions only when there is sufficient evidence and otherwise indicate when it is not enough. To this end, we are the first to study what information FC models consider sufficient by introducing a novel task and advancing it with three main contributions. First, we conduct an in-depth empirical analysis of the task with a new fluency-preserving method for omitting information from the evidence at the constituent and sentence level. We identify when models consider the remaining evidence (in)sufficient for FC, based on three trained models with different Transformer architectures and three FC datasets. Second, we ask annotators whether the omitted evidence was important for FC, resulting in a novel diagnostic dataset, SufficientFacts1, for FC with omitted evidence. We find that models are least successful in detecting missing evidence when adverbial modifiers are omitted (21% accuracy), whereas it is easiest for omitted date modifiers (63% accuracy). Finally, we propose a novel data augmentation strategy for contrastive self-learning of missing evidence by employing the proposed omission method combined with tri-training. It improves performance for Evidence Sufficiency Prediction by up to 17.8 F1 score, which in turn improves FC performance by up to 2.6 F1 score.
Formal Language Recognition by Hard Attention Transformers: Perspectives from Circuit Complexity
Authors: Hao Yiding , Angluin Dana , Frank Robert 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper analyzes three formal models of Transformer encoders that differ in the form of their self-attention mechanism: unique hard attention (UHAT); generalized unique hard attention (GUHAT), which generalizes UHAT; and averaging hard attention (AHAT). We show that UHAT and GUHAT Transformers, viewed as string acceptors, can only recognize formal languages in the complexity class AC0, the class of languages recognizable by families of Boolean circuits of constant depth and polynomial size. This upper bound subsumes Hahn’s (2020) results that GUHAT cannot recognize the DYCK languages or the PARITY language, since those languages are outside AC0 (Furst et al., 1984). In contrast, the non-AC0 languages MAJORITY and DYCK-1 are recognizable by AHAT networks, implying that AHAT can recognize languages that UHAT and GUHAT cannot.
High Quality Rather than High Model Probability: Minimum Bayes Risk Decoding with Neural Metrics
Authors: Freitag Markus , Grangier David , Tan Qijun , Liang Bowen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn Neural Machine Translation, it is typically assumed that the sentence with the highest estimated probability should also be the translation with the highest quality as measured by humans. In this work, we question this assumption and show that model estimates and translation quality only vaguely correlate. We apply Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoding on unbiased samples to optimize diverse automated metrics of translation quality as an alternative inference strategy to beam search. Instead of targeting the hypotheses with the highest model probability, MBR decoding extracts the hypotheses with the highest estimated quality. Our experiments show that the combination of a neural translation model with a neural reference-based metric, Bleurt, results in significant improvement in human evaluations. This improvement is obtained with translations different from classical beam-search output: These translations have much lower model likelihood and are less favored by surface metrics like Bleu.
The Gordian Knot
Authors: Keller Edmond J. , Omwami Edith Mukudi , Anena Catherine Pauline 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article is a preliminary critical assessment of Uganda’s current refugee policy, ReHOPE, in the north-western part of the country. The research was based on quantitative and qualitative data gathered over six weeks in 2018 and 2019. The article is centred on national efforts to implement the UN-mandated Sustainable Development Goal #5, “gender equity and empower all women and girls”. Here the focus is on the policy as it relates to formal education, technical training and livelihood improvements and the empowerment of female South Sudan refugees in two settlements in Adjumani District. ReHOPE is a very complex, ambitious and costly programme. The data from this study seems to indicate that the goals of refugee female empowerment and improved livelihoods are not being widely realised in the two Adjumani settlements accessed. However, it is suggested that future studies of ReHOPE policies should be more extensive than the present one and researchers, employing mixed methodologies, should spend more time on the ground than a few weeks.
Ex- and Post-Evangelicalism: Recent Developments in Brazil’s Changing Religious Landscape
Authors: Barreto Raimundo , Py Fábio 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article sheds light on a phenomenon that has been called ex- or post-evangelicalism, noticed first in the USA – especially since Donald Trump’s election in 2016 – and then in Brazil, more notably in connection with the rise of Bolsonarism. Based on a series of interviews, the article examines the reasons why a number of people formerly connected to evangelical churches are ceasing to name their evangelical affiliation, particularly as the connection between important evangelical leaders and the far-right government of Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil has gained prominence in the past few years. On top of such a connection, the article shows that among the motives that drive individuals and communities away from their former evangelical identity are the instances evangelical churches have taken against religious plurality, black and indigenous cultures, and LGBTQIA+ communities.
Springbok Escapers and Evaders in the Western Desert, 1941–1942
Authors: Kleynhans Evert , Gordon Will 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
During the Second World War, between 1941 and 1942, a large number of South African troops were made prisoners of war (POW) by the Axis forces in the Western Desert. These troops were first interned in POW transit camps in North Africa, before being shipped to more permanent camps in Italy and later Germany. A large number of the South African captives decided to accept their newfound fates and make their internment as ‘pleasant’ as possible. However, a small nucleus of South African servicemen either tried to evade capture altogether, or, when captured, actively tried to escape. The first large scale attempts of escape and evasion by South African servicemen therefore occurred in North Africa between 1941 and 1942. This article provides an exploratory investigation into the varied experiences of the South African soldiers that either evaded capture altogether or escaped from internment in North Africa.
Higher Education and Inherent Requirements: Beyond Inherency to Coherency
Authors: Corcoran Tim , Whitburn Ben , McCandless Trevor 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper examines how inherency, established in statements universities produce asserting the core abilities necessary to enter and qualify for their degrees, connects with employment in accredited professions, creating barriers for people with disabilities and related conditions. There is no consistent definition of inherent requirements (ir s) across higher education internationally. To assist the ongoing development of ir s, our discussion is set out across three parts. We start by reviewing the origins of ir s highlighting an inconsistency in form and content across the sector. We then provide an analysis of two ir statements from actual institutions noting how they position disability, ability, and the competencies deemed inherent to teaching and learning. Finally, we examine areas where governance and policy, teaching and learning, and employability, can potentially change how ir s are deployed in future practice. Our goal is to shift academic and work-related requirements beyond inherent possessive limitations to coherent performative prospects.
Engineering naturally occurring CD7− T cells for the immunotherapy of hematological malignancies
Authors: Freiwan Abdullah , Zoine Jaquelyn T. , Crawford Jeremy Chase , Vaidya Abishek , Schattgen Stefan A. , Myers Jacquelyn A. , Patil Sagar L. , Khanlari Mahsa , Inaba Hiroto , Klco Jeffery M. , Mullighan Charles G. , Krenciute Giedre , Chockley Peter J. , Naik Swati , Langfitt Deanna M. , Mamonkin Maksim , Obeng Esther A. , Thomas Paul G. , Gottschalk Stephen , Velasquez M. Paulina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy targeting T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) faces limitations such as antigen selection and limited T-cell persistence. CD7 is an attractive antigen for targeting T-ALL, but overlapping expression on healthy T cells leads to fratricide of CD7-CAR T cells, requiring additional genetic modification. We took advantage of naturally occurring CD7− T cells to generate CD7-CAR (CD7-CARCD7−) T cells. CD7-CARCD7− T cells exhibited a predominantly CD4+ memory phenotype and had significant antitumor activity upon chronic antigen exposure in vitro and in xenograft mouse models. Based on these encouraging results, we next explored the utility of CD7− T cells for the immunotherapy of CD19+ hematological malignancies. Direct comparison of nonselected (bulk) CD19-CAR and CD19-CARCD7− T cells revealed that CD19-CARCD7− T cells had enhanced antitumor activity compared with their bulk counterparts in vitro and in vivo. Lastly, to gain insight into the behavior of CD19-CAR T cells with low levels of CD7 gene expression (CD7lo) in humans, we mined single-cell gene and T-cell receptor (TCR) expression data sets from our institutional CD19-CAR T-cell clinical study. CD19-CARCD7lo T cells were present in the initial CD19-CAR T-cell product and could be detected postinfusion. Intriguingly, the only functional CD4+ CD19-CAR T-cell cluster observed postinfusion exhibited CD7lo expression. Additionally, samples from patients responsive to therapy had a higher proportion of CD7lo T cells than nonresponders (NCT03573700). Thus, CARCD7− T cells have favorable biological characteristics and may present a promising T-cell subset for adoptive cell therapy of T-ALL and other hematological malignancies.
C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) is a valuable test for diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Wu Hao , Pan Liping , Meng Zhichao , Liu Heng , Yang Xin , Cao Yongping 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is challenging for clinicians, and the commonly used methods are too complicated and expensive for many clinical practices. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), the platelet–to-mean-platelet-volume ratio (PVR), globulin (GLB), the albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR), and the C-reactive protein (CRP)/AGR ratio are simple biomarkers for infection and can be easily determined from routine blood tests. Due to their low cost and ready availability in clinical practice, many clinicians have considered the diagnostic value of these biomarkers for PJI. The aim of our study is to determine the value of NLR, PLR, PVR, GLB, AGR, and CRP/AGR for the diagnosis of PJI.

Materials and methods
One hundred sixty-four patients who received revision surgery after total knee or total hip replacements were enrolled, 47 in a PJI group and 117 in an aseptic failure group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the performance of NLR, PLR, PVR, GLB, AGR, and CRP/AGR for the diagnosis of PJI, and their performance levels were then compared with those of CRP and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).

Results
The levels of all tested biomarkers were significantly higher in patients with PJI (all P < 0.05). ROC analysis showed that CRP/AGR performed best in diagnosing PJI, with an area under curve (AUC) value of 0.902, and the AUCs of NLR (0.740), PLR (0.721), PVR (0.668), GLB (0.719), and AGR (0.767) were all lower than those for CRP (0.896) and ESR (0.829).

Conclusion
CRP/AGR was a valuable test for diagnosing PJI, but other novel biomarkers had only limited diagnostic value.

Level of Evidence
Level III