bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drivers of fine‐scale diurnal space use by a coral‐reef mesopredatory fish
Authors: Harborne Alastair R. , Kochan David P. , Esch Melanie M. , Fidler Robert Y. , Mitchell Matthew D. , Butkowski Drew W. , González‐Rivero Manuel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe habitat preferences of many reef fishes are well established, but the use of space within these habitats by non‐site‐attached species is poorly studied. The authors examined the space use of a functionally important mesopredator, graysby (Cephalopholis cruentata), on six patch reefs in the Florida Keys. A 1 m2‐scale grid was constructed on each reef and 16 individualC. cruentatawere tracked diurnallyin situto identify space use. At the patch reef scale, largerC. cruentatawere more active and had larger observed home ranges, although home ranges were also affected by fish density and the abundances of prey and predators. The total time in each 1 m2grid cell was regressed against a range of fine‐scale biotic variables, including multiple variables derived from structure‐from‐motion three‐dimensional digital reconstructions of each reef. Nonetheless, time in grid cells (preferred microhabitats) was only significantly positively correlated with the height of carbonate structures, likely because the cavities they enclose are particularly suitable for predator avoidance, resting and ambushing prey. The ongoing flattening of reefs in the region caused by negative carbonate budgets is thus likely to have significant effects on the abundance and space use ofC. cruentata. In addition to examining spatial patterns, we analysedC. cruentatawaiting times in each grid cell before moving. These times were best approximated by a truncated power‐law (heavy‐tailed) distribution, indicating a “bursty” pattern of relatively long periods of inactivity interspersed with multiple periods of activity. Such a pattern has previously been identified in a range of temperate ambush predators, and the authors extend this move‐wait behaviour, which may optimize foraging success, to a reef fish for the first time. Understanding howC. cruentatauses space and time is critical to fully identify their functional role and better predict the implications of fishing and loss of reef structure.
Chickpea varietal classification using deep convolutional neural networks with transfer learning
Authors: Saha Dhritiman , Manickavasagan Annamalai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe non‐availability of assessment tools among stakeholders often results in mixing of different chickpea varieties during its movement in the supply chain. Since each chickpea variety has unique physico‐chemical properties, it is important to prevent mixing with other varieties for maintaining the purity to obtain the intended quality for specific formulation. In this study, seven pre‐trained deep convolutional neural networks (AlexNet, GoogleNet, ResNet18, ResNet50, VGG16, VGG19, and MobileNetV2) with transfer learning were used for the classification of eight chickpea varieties (CDC‐Alma, CDC‐Leader, CDC‐Palmer, CDC‐Frontier, CDC‐Luna, CDC‐Orion, CDC‐Cory, and CDC‐Consul) using RGB images. For satisfying the input size requirement of the pre‐trained networks, the acquired images were cropped and resized using “Lanczos2” interpolation method for retaining maximum information from the original image. Furthermore, the hyperparameters of the pre‐trained networks (learning rate and batch size) were optimized to achieve high accuracy. The overall classification accuracy of the transfer learning models were 100, 100, 99, 92, 78, 72, and 50% for ResNet50, MobileNetV2, GoogleNet, ResNet18, VGG16, VGG19, and AlexNet, respectively. The study revealed that transfer learning is an effective way to derive the advantages of deep convolutional neural networks for varietal classification in chickpea.Practical ApplicationsClassification of agricultural crops according to their varieties is critical during production and postharvest processing operations. Due to the growing importance of pulses as a major source of plant protein, the classification of chickpea on varietal basis assumes great significance to maintain the physico‐chemical characteristic uniqueness of the varieties. Hence, this study aimed at utilizing machine vision and deep transfer learning to successfully classify the different chickpea varieties. The developed model can be further integrated to a mobile environment or an embedded device for use in production catchments, processing facilities which would help the stakeholders in real time classification of chickpea varieties.
Financial self‐efficacy, financial literacy, and gender: A review
Authors: Furrebøe Elise Frølich , Nyhus Ellen Katrine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecognizing that gender differences in financial literacy and financial self‐efficacy (FSE) are sources of power imbalance and gender inequality, we seek to expand this field of research. Through, a semi‐systematic review, we describe and synthesize the latest research regarding the role of self‐efficacy in relation to financial literacy and gender. We give an overview of how FSE is conceptualized and measured, and identify strengths and limitations regarding approaches used in investigating FSE. We identify several issues that should be addressed in future research. First, there are conceptual ambiguities to be solved before a coherent theoretical basis can be reached. Second, the variety of measures of FSE used obstructs generalizability, calling for more validation studies. Third, there is a lack of studies obtaining causal inferences. Finally, few of the reviewed studies focus specifically on gender differences or sources of variation in FSE. These issues should be further investigated.
Dose‐response relationship in non‐pharmacological interventions for individuals with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Shao Zhanfang , Hu Mingyue , Zhang Dou , Zeng Xianmei , Shu Xinhui , Wu Xinyin , Kwok Timothy C. Y. , Feng Hui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundNon‐pharmacological interventions (NPIs) are important in cognitive decline prevention in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, the dose‐response relationship remains unclear.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials.MethodsSeven databases were searched until April 2020. RCTs of NPIs in individuals with MCI were eligible for inclusion. Hedge's g was used to calculate the effect size. A random‐effect meta‐analysis was used to explore the impact of NPIs on cognition. Subgroup analysis was used to investigate the moderates. The dose was measured by prescription (frequency, intensity, type, time and volume) and intervention characteristics (period, energy expenditure, delivery mode and setting) in NPIs.ResultsForty‐two studies with 4401 participants were included. In the NPIs, cognitive intervention (g = 0.167), physical exercise (g = 0.536) and multicomponent intervention (g = 0.386) had significant effect on cognition in individuals with MCI. Dose‐response results showed cognition could be significantly improved in 1–2 times/week (p < .05), 60–120 min/session (p < .05), ≥12 weeks (p < .05), supervised (p < .05), clinical setting (p < .05) in cognitive intervention. In physical exercise, cognition could be improved in ≥3 times/week (p < .05), vigorous‐intensity (p < .05), muscle‐strengthening activity (p < .05), 30–60 min/session (p < .05), 6–12 weeks (p < .05), unsupervised (p < .05), community setting (p < .05). In the multicomponent intervention, cognition could be improved in 1–2 times/week (p < .05), 30–60 min/session (p < .05), 8–16 weeks (p < .05), clinical (p < .05). In nutrition intervention, cognition could be better improved DHA (p < .05), >1000 mg/day (p < .05).ConclusionsThe effectiveness of cognitive intervention is significantly influenced by frequency, time, period, delivery mode and setting. The effectiveness of physical exercise is significantly influenced by frequency, intensity, type, time, period, delivery mode and setting. The effectiveness of multicomponent intervention is significantly influenced by frequency, time, period and setting. The effectiveness of nutrition intervention is significantly influenced by dose and type.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe research summarised the evidence to guide the best prescription of NPIs and helped clinicians design more effective interventions in individuals with MCI.
Brain volume patterns in corticobasal syndrome versus idiopathic Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ferrea Stefano , Junker Frederick Benjamin , Hartmann Christian Johannes , Dinkelbach Lars , Eickhoff Simon B. , Moldovan Alexia Sabine , Südmeyer Martin , Schnitzler Alfons , Schmidt‐Wilcke Tobias 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposePatients with a corticobasal syndrome (CBS) present a rare form of atypical parkinsonism characterized by asymmetric clinical symptoms and progressive motor and nonmotor impairment, such as apraxia, alien limb phenomenon, aphasia, myoclonus, dystonia, and cognitive impairment. At early stages, clinical differentiation between CBS and idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) can be challenging.MethodsUsing high‐resolution T1‐weighted images and voxel‐based morphometry (VBM), we sought to identify disease‐specific patterns of brain atrophy in a small sample of CBS and IPD patients at early stages of disease. We acquired MR images of 17 patients diagnosed with CBS and compared them with MR images of 17 subjects affected by IPD. Images were preprocessed and analyzed using VBM.ResultsWhen compared to each other, the CBS and IPD patients of our cohort showed differences in regional gray and white matter volume depending on the diagnosis, specifically in the superior longitudinal fascicle.ConclusionsIn our small patients’ group, VBM was able to detect changes in regional gray and white matter volume between patients affected by CBS and patients with IPD as early as 1.5‐2 years after the onset of the first motor symptoms.
Development of a lncRNA‐based prognostic signature for oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Xu Zhihong , Li Xiaodong , Pan Lanlan , Tan Ruolan , Ji Ping , Tang Han 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to establish a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)‐based signature for accurately predicting prognosis and guiding the personalized clinical management of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsOSCC RNA sequencing profiles were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus. Univariate Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to construct a lncRNA‐based prognostic signature. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration curves were used to assess the effectiveness and accuracy of the signature. Additionally, we conducted single‐sample gene‐set enrichment analysis to infer the different degrees of immunocyte infiltration. Weighted correlation network analysis, enrichment analysis and Spearman's correlation analysis were implemented to screen immune‐related genes that interact with the lncRNA signature.ResultsIn total, 14 lncRNAs were defined as potential prognostic biomarkers. Based on these lncRNAs, patients were divided into low‐ and high‐risk subgroups with different survival times (p < 0.001). In addition, the reliability of the prognostic signature was verified by Kaplan–Meier analysis, ROC analysis and calibration curves. Patients in the low‐risk group exhibited more significant immune cell infiltration. Simultaneously, a potential regulatory network consisting of eight lncRNAs and 159 protein‐coding genes in the top 10 immune‐related biological process terms was constructed.ConclusionsOur findings suggested that the 14‐lncRNA signature has satisfactory performance in predicting the prognosis of OSCC, thereby providing new insights to the pathogenesis, clinical patient management and therapeutic intervention. The different immune cell infiltration statuses of OSCC patients may encourage immunotherapy.
Stop the Bleed Training for High School Students: Guardian Attitudes and Their Association with Prior Trauma
Authors: McDade Jessica E. , Deming Hannah C. , Jinks‐Chang Samara , Paulsen Maria R. , Bui Anthony L. , Vavilala Monica S. , Rivara Frederick P. , Bulger Eileen M. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDUncontrolled bleeding is the leading preventable cause of death after injury. Stop the Bleed (STB) is a bleeding control training with proposed expansion into schools. However, the attitudes of guardians, specifically those with past trauma/injury, towards expanding STB into schools are unknown.METHODSA cross‐sectional survey evaluated guardian attitudes towards STB training in high schools, and compared responses between guardians based on the experience of prior trauma. Logistic regression models evaluated the association between prior trauma and guardian‐reported acceptability of STB training.RESULTSOf 750 guardians who received the survey, 484 (64.5%) responded. Most guardians (95.3%) wanted their child trained. Few (4.2%) felt this training would be harmful; 44.9% felt their child might be held responsible if something went wrong, and 28.4% reported it might be too scary for their child. In adjusted models, guardians with prior trauma were more likely to want their child trained (odds ratio [OR] = 3.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11‐15.50), and identify STB as important to them (OR = 4.07, 95% CI 1.66‐12.26).CONCLUSIONOur results support STB training in high schools, and guardians with a trauma history may be more likely to want their child trained. Further work to understand the perceived potential harm, and work to design trauma‐informed first‐response trainings is warranted.
Synergistic interactions between artocarpin-rich extract, lawsone methyl ether and ampicillin on anti-MRSA and their antibiofilm formation
Authors: Bazmi R.R. , Panichayupakaranant P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractArtocarpin-rich extract (ARE) was prepared using a green technology and standardized to contain 49·6% w/w artocarpin, while lawsone methyl ether was prepared using a green semi-synthesis. ARE, LME and ampicillin exhibited weak anti-MRSA activity with the MICs of 31·2–62·5 µg/ml. Based on the checkerboard assay, the synergistic interaction between ARE (0·03 µg/ml) and LME (0·49 µg/ml) against four MRSA isolates were observed with the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) value of 0·008, while those of ARE (1·95–7·81 µg/ml) and ampicillin (0·49 µg/ml) as well as LME (0·49–1·95 µg/ml) and ampicillin (0·49 µg/ml) were 0·016–0·257. The time kill confirmed the synergistic interactions against MRSA with different degrees. The combination of ARE and LME as well as its combinations with ampicillin altered the membrane permeability of MRSA, which led to release of the intracellular materials. In addition, each compound inhibited the biofilm formation of standard MRSA (DMST 20654) and the clinical isolate (MRSA 1096). These findings suggested that cocktails containing ARE and LME might be used to overcome problems associated with MRSA. Additionally, the results implied that combination of either ARE or LME with available conventional antibiotic agents might be effective in countering these perilous pathogens.
Phage JS02, a putative temperate phage, a novel biofilm-degrading agent for Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Zhang L. , Shahin K. , Soleimani-Delfan A. , Ding H. , Wang H. , Sun L. , Wang R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a biofilm-producing organism that is frequently isolated from various environments worldwide. Because of the natural resistance of S. aureus biofilm to antibiotics, bacteriophages are considered as a promising alternative for its removal. The bacteriophage vB_SauS_JS02 was isolated from livestock wastewater and showed activity against multidrug-resistant S. aureus. The phage vB_SauS_JS02 exhibited a broad host range and possessed a large burst size (52 PFU/CFU) as well as moderate pH stability (4–11) and appropriate thermal tolerance (40–50°C). Electron microscopy and genome sequence revealed that vB_SauS_JS02 belonged to Triavirus genus in Siphoviridae family. Genetic analysis of the 46 kb sequence of vB_SauS_JS02 revealed 66 ORFs. The predicted protein products of the ORFs were clustered functionally into five groups as follows: replication/regulation, DNA packaging, structure/morphogenesis, lysis and lysogeny. Although the phage vB_SauS_JS02 was a temperate phage, it exhibited a higher inhibiting and degrading activity against planktonic cells (80~90% reduction), even to S. aureus biofilm (~68% reduction in biofilm formation). Moreover, the removal activity of the phage vB_SauS_JS02 against both planktonic cells and S. aureus biofilms was even better than that of the antibiotic (ceftazidime). In summary, the present study introduced the phage vB_SauS_JS02 as a potential biocontrol agent against biofilm-producing S. aureus after making it virulent. It may be applicable for phage therapy.
When Violence Is neither “Personal” nor “General”
Authors: England Sarah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this essay, I use a case of testifying as an expert witness to argue that the anthropological focus on multicausality, context, and the social/cultural origins of persecution is useful and necessary in asylum cases. The government attorney argued that the persecutor's violence was “personal,” related only to his alcoholism, not the victim's identity as his wife. I argued that regardless of his personal history, the violence and the “excuses and justifications” that he used were patterned and based in cultural ideologies about gender. In a criminal case this might provide a “cultural defense” to avoid culpability. However, in asylum cases the social/cultural origins of violence help meet the legal criteria for asylum.
Recovery of right ventricular function after bilateral lung transplantation for pediatric pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Critser Paul J. , Boyer Debra , Visner Gary A. , Collins Shane L. , Fynn‐Thompson Francis , Mullen Mary P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundLung transplantation is a therapeutic option for end‐stage pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH). Right ventricular (RV) recovery post‐lung transplant in children with PH has not been well‐described, and questions persist about the peri‐operative course and post‐transplant cardiac function after lung transplantation in medically refractory PH patients with baseline RV dysfunction.MethodsA single‐center chart review identified patients with childhood PH who subsequently underwent bilateral orthotopic lung transplantation between 2000 and 2020. Twenty‐six patients met criteria; three were excluded due to echocardiograms not available for digital review. RV fractional area change (FAC) and left ventricular eccentricity index (LVEI) were determined prior to transplantation, and at 1, 3, 6, and 12‐month post‐transplantation.ResultsFourteen of 23 patients had baseline RV dysfunction. The median age at transplantation was 16.5 years and 13.9 years for those with and without baseline RV dysfunction, respectively. Of the 14 with baseline RV dysfunction, 12 (86%) were alive 1‐year post‐transplantation. All patients with baseline RV dysfunction had increased RV‐FAC post‐transplantation with normalization of RV‐FAC in 70% at 3 months and 100% of patients by 12‐month post‐transplantation. Duration of ventilation (p = .4), intensive care unit (p = .5), or hospital stay (p = .9) was not associated with pre‐transplant RV function.ConclusionsAmong pediatric patients with PH and RV dysfunction, pre‐transplantation RV function was not associated with short‐term outcomes. All patients with baseline RV dysfunction had improvement in RV function, justifying consideration of lung transplantation among pediatric patients with end‐stage PH and RV dysfunction.
Nondestructive versus advanced post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in a single‐center pediatric kidney transplant population
Authors: Wu Ellen , Lee Joo‐Young , Gelarden Ian , Engen Rachel M 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPediatric kidney transplant recipients are at risk for the development of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD), a group of potentially devastating diseases that present on a spectrum of severity ranging from nondestructive PTLD to more histologically destructive lesions. Currently, there is inadequate evidence to guide evaluation and management of nondestructive PTLD.MethodsThis is a single‐center case series of pediatric kidney transplant recipients between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2019, who were diagnosed with PTLD. The aim was to describe clinical characteristics, presentation, and management of nondestructive versus advanced PTLD.ResultsEighteen patients were diagnosed with nondestructive PTLD and seven with more advanced PTLD histopathology. The majority (66.7%) of nondestructive PTLD patients (n = 16) presented with tonsillar hypertrophy and/or snoring and were managed conservatively, with minimal reduction in tacrolimus dose and no further evaluation. No patient progressed to more advanced PTLD. Advanced PTLD patients (n = 7) were more likely to present with fever, elevated creatinine, a new mass of gastrointestinal symptoms. They received workup with imaging and oncology consultation, and were managed with chemotherapy.ConclusionsPatients with nondestructive PTLD often present with symptoms of sleep‐disordered breathing and can be managed conservatively with excellent clinical outcomes. More study is needed to guide care of this under‐researched population.
Exposure to high nitrogen triggered a genotype‐dependent modulation of cell and root hydraulics, which can involve aquaporin regulation
Authors: Pou Alicia , Hachez Charles , Couvreur Valentin , Maistriaux Laurie C. , Ismail Ahmed , Chaumont François 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRoot nitrogen acquisition has been proposed to be regulated by mass flow, a process by which water flow brings nutrients to the root surface, depending on a concerted regulation of the root hydraulic properties and stomatal conductance. As aquaporins play an important role in regulating transcellular water flow, we aimed at evaluating the short‐term effect of high nitrogen (HN) availability on the dynamics of hydraulic parameters at both the root and cell level and the regulation of aquaporins. The effect of short‐term HN (8 mM NO3−) treatment was investigated on 12 diverse 15‐day‐old maize genotypes. Root exposure to HN triggered a rapid (<4 h) increase in the root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) in seven genotypes while no Lpr variation was recorded for the others, allowing the separation of the genotypes into two groups (HN‐responsive and HN‐nonresponsive). A remarkable correlation between Lpr and the cortex cell hydraulic conductivity (Lpc) was observed. However, while differences in gas exchange parameters were also observed, the variations were genotype‐specific and not always correlated with the root hydraulic parameters. We then investigated whether HN‐induced Lpr variations were linked to the activity and regulation of plasma membrane PIP aquaporins. While some changes in PIP mRNA levels were detected, this was not correlated with the protein levels. On the other hand, the rapid variation in Lpr observed in the B73 genotype was correlated with the PIP protein abundance in the plasma membrane, highlighting PIP posttranslational mechanisms in the short‐term regulation of root hydraulic parameters in response to HN treatment.