bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quadruple plasmon-induced transparency and tunable multi-frequency switch in monolayer graphene terahertz metamaterial
Authors: Li Yuhui , Xu Yiping , Jiang Jiabao , Ren Liyong , Cheng Shubo , Yang Wenxing , Ma Chengju , Zhou Xianwen , Wang Ziyi , Chen Zhanyu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A monolayer graphene metamaterial composed of a graphene block and four graphene strips, which has the metal-like properties in terahertz frequency range, is proposed to generate an outstanding quadruple plasmon-induced transparency (PIT). Additional analyses show that the forming physical mechanism of the PIT with four transparency windows can be explained by strong destructive interference between the bright mode and the dark mode, and the distributions of electric field intensity and electric field vectors under the irradiation of the incident light. Coupled mode theory and finite-difference time-domain method are employed to study the spectral response characteristics of the proposed structure, and the theoretical and simulated results are in good agreement. It is found that a tunable multi-frequency switch and excellent optical storage can be achieved in the wide PIT window. The maximum modulation depth is up to 99.7%, which corresponds to the maximum extinction ratio of 25.04 dB and the minimum insertion loss of 0.19 dB. In addition, the time delay is as high as 0.919 ps, the corresponding group refractive index is up to 2755. Thus, the proposed structure provides a new method for the design of terahertz multi-frequency switches and slow light devices.
Global weak solutions to fully cross-diffusive systems with nonlinear diffusion and saturated taxis sensitivity
Authors: Fuest Mario 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Systems of the type

u

t

=
∇
⋅

(

D

1

(

u

)

∇
u
−

S

1

(

u

)

∇
v

)

+

f

1

(

u
,
v

)

,

v

t

=
∇
⋅

(

D

2

(

v

)

∇
v
+

S

2

(

v

)

∇
u

)

+

f

2

(

u
,
v

)

(

⋆

)

can be used to model pursuit-evasion relationships between predators and prey. Apart from local kinetics given by f
1 and f
2, the key components in this system are the taxis terms −∇ ⋅ (S
1(u)∇v) and +∇ ⋅ (S
2(v)∇u); that is, the species are not only assumed to move around randomly in space but are also able to partially direct their movement depending on the nearby presence of the other species. In the present article, we construct global weak solutions of (⋆) for certain prototypical nonlinear functions D

i
, S

i
and f

i
, i ∈ {1, 2}. To that end, we first make use of a fourth-order regularisation to obtain global solutions to approximate systems and then rely on an entropy-like identity associated with (⋆) for obtaining various a priori estimates.
Decay of correlations for weakly expanding dynamical systems with Dini potentials under optimal quasi-gap condition
Authors: Jiang Yunping , Ye Yuan-Ling 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We find an optimal quasi-gap condition for a weakly expanding dynamical system associated with Dini potential. Under this optimal quasi-gap condition, we prove the Ruelle operator theorem and further the decay of the correlations for any weakly expanding dynamical systems with Dini potentials.
Weighted L
2-contractivity of Langevin dynamics with singular potentials
Authors: Camrud Evan , Herzog David P , Stoltz Gabriel , Gordina Maria 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Convergence to equilibrium of underdamped Langevin dynamics is studied under general assumptions on the potential U allowing for singularities. By modifying the direct approach to convergence in L
2 pioneered by Hérau and developed by Dolbeault et al, we show that the dynamics converges exponentially fast to equilibrium in the topologies L
2(dμ) and L
2(W* dμ), where μ denotes the invariant probability measure and W* is a suitable Lyapunov weight. In both norms, we make precise how the exponential convergence rate depends on the friction parameter γ in Langevin dynamics, by providing a lower bound scaling as min(γ, γ
−1). The results hold for usual polynomial-type potentials as well as potentials with singularities such as those arising from pairwise Lennard-Jones interactions between particles.
Physics of runaway electrons with shattered pellet injection at JET
Authors: Reux C , Paz-Soldan C , Eidietis N , Lehnen M , Aleynikov P , Silburn S , Bandaru V , Ficker O , Hoelzl M , Hollmann E M , Jachmich S , Joffrin E , Lomas P J , Rimini F , Baylor L , Bleasdale A , Calacci L , Causa F , Carnevale D , Coffey I , Craven D , Dal Molin A , de la Luna E , De Tommasi G , Garcia J , Gebhart T , Giacomelli L , Huber A , Khilkevich E , Lowry C , Macusova E , Manzanares A , Nocente M , Panontin E , Papp G , Pautasso G , Peacock A , Plyusnin V , Shevelev A , Shiraki D , Sommariva C , Sozzi C , Sridhar S , Sweeney R , Szepesi G , Tinguely R A , Wilson J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Runaway electrons (REs) created during tokamak disruptions pose a threat to the reliable operation of future larger machines. Experiments using shattered pellet injection (SPI) have been carried out at the JET tokamak to investigate ways to prevent their generation or suppress them if avoidance is not sufficient. Avoidance is possible if the SPI contains a sufficiently low fraction of high-Z material, or if it is fired early in advance of a disruption prone to runaway generation. These results are consistent with previous similar findings obtained with Massive Gas Injection. Suppression of an already accelerated beam is not efficient using High-Z material, but deuterium leads to harmless terminations without heat loads. This effect is due to the combination of a large magnetohydrodynamic instability scattering REs on a large area and the absence of runaway regeneration during the subsequent current collapse thanks to the flushing of high-Z impurities from the runaway companion plasma. This effect also works in situations where the runaway beam moves upwards and undergoes scraping-off on the wall.
Physics-based control of neoclassical tearing modes on TCV
Authors: Kong M , Felici F , Sauter O , Galperti C , Vu T , Ham C J , Hender T C , Maraschek M , Reich M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper presents recent progress in studies of neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) on TCV, concerning the new physics learned and how this physics contributes to a better real-time (RT) control of NTMs. A simple technique that adds a small (sinusoidal) sweeping to the target electron cyclotron (EC) beam deposition location has proven effective both for the stabilization and prevention of

2

/

1

NTMs. This relaxes the strict requirement on beam-mode alignment for NTM control, which is difficult to ensure in RT. In terms of the EC power for NTM stabilization, a control scheme making use of RT island width measurements has been tested on TCV. NTM seeding through sawtooth (ST) crashes or unstable current density profiles (triggerless NTMs) has been studied in detail. A new NTM prevention strategy utilizing only transient EC beams near the relevant rational surface has been developed and proven effective for preventing ST-seeded NTMs. With a comprehensive modified Rutherford equation (co-MRE) that considers the classical stability both at zero and finite island width, the prevention of triggerless NTMs with EC beams has been simulated for the first time. The prevention effects are found to result from the local effects of the EC beams (as opposed to global current profile changes), as observed in a group of TCV experiments scanning the deposition location of the preemptive EC beam. The co-MRE has also proven able to reproduce well the island width evolution in distinct plasma scenarios on TCV, ASDEX Upgrade and MAST, with very similar constant coefficients. The co-MRE has the potential to be applied in RT to provide valuable information, such as the EC power required for NTM control with RT-adapted coefficients, contributing to both NTM control and integrated control with a limited set of actuators.
Muon spin rotation and relaxation study on topological noncentrosymmetric superconductor PbTaSe2
Authors: Zhu Z H , Tan C , Zhang J , Biswas P K , Hillier A D , Wang M X , Yang Y X , Chen C S , Ding Z F , Li S Y , Shu L 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Topological superconductivity is an exotic phenomenon due to the symmetry-protected topological surface state, in which a quantum system has an energy gap in the bulk but supports gapless excitations confined to its boundary. Symmetries including central and time-reversal symmetry (TRS), along with their relations with topology, are crucial for topological superconductivity. We report muon spin relaxation/rotation (μSR) experiments on a topological noncentrosymmetric superconductor PbTaSe2 to study its TRS and gap symmetry. Zero-field μSR experiments indicate the absence of internal magnetic field in the superconducting state, consistent with previous μSR results. Furthermore, transverse-field μSR measurements reveals that the superconducting gap of PbTaSe2 is an isotropic three-dimensional fully-gapped single-band. The fully-gapped results can help understand the pairing mechanism and further classify the topological superconductivity in this system.
Investigation of negative-parity states in 16C via deuteron inelastic scattering *
Authors: Tan Z. W. , Lou J. L. , Ye Y. L. , Liu Y. , Pang D. Y. , Yuan C. X. , Li J. G. , Liu W. , Jiang Y. , Yang B. , Tao L. C. , Ma K. , Li Z. H. , Li Q. T. , Yang X. F. , Xu J. Y. , Yu H. Z. , Han J. X. , Bai S. W. , Huang S. W. , Li G. , Wu H. Y. , Zang H. L. , Feng J. , Wang J. S. , Yang Y. Y. , Ma P. , Hu Q. , Bai Z. , Gao Z. H. , Duan F. F. , Hu L. Y. , Tan J. H. , Sun S. Q. , Song Y. S. , Ong H. J. , Tran D. T. , Zhu H. Y. , Xia B. L. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Two low-lying unbound states in 16C are investigated by deuteron inelastic scattering in inverse kinematics. Besides the 2

state at 5.45 MeV previously measured in a 1n knockout reaction, a new resonant state at 6.89 MeV is observed for the first time. The inelastic scattering angular distributions of these two states are well reproduced by the distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA) calculation with an l = 1 excitation. In addition, the spin-parities of the unbound states are discussed and tentatively assigned based on shell model calculations using the modified YSOX interaction.
Radiative Diffusion in a Time-dependent Outflow: a Model for Fast Blue Optical Transients
Authors: Chen Chun , Shen Rong-Feng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fast Blue Optical Transients (FBOTs) are luminous transients with fast evolving (typically t
rise < 12 days) light curve and blue color (usually −0.2 > g-r > −0.3) that cannot be explained by a supernova-like explosion. We propose a radiative diffusion in a time-dependent outflow model to interpret such special transients. In this model, we assume that a central engine ejects continuous outflow during a few days. We consider the ejection of the outflow to be time-dependent. The outflow is optically thick initially and photons are frozen in it. As the outflow expands over time, photons gradually escape, and our work is to model such an evolution. Numerical and analytical calculations are considered separately, and the results are consistent. We apply the model to three typical FBOTs: PS1-10bjp, ZTF18abukavn, and ATLAS19dqr. The modeling finds the total mass of the outflow (∼1–5 M
⊙), and the total time of the ejection (∼a few days) for them, leading us to speculate that they may be the result of the collapse of massive stars.
A simple method of UV stray light correction for field spectrometers in Ground Validation Sites
Authors: Li L , Wu Z , Woolliams E R , Dai C , Wang Y 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Field spectrometers are widely applied in ground validation sites for remote sensing. However, the control of stray light is one of the most important factors to ensure accurate measurements, since the spectral distribution of target source differs significantly from the laboratory calibration source. Here, a simple UV stray light correction method for continuously distributed wide-spectrum light sources was established by using a set of bandpass filters. This analysis enabled a simple, low-cost method for correcting for the observed straylight.
Advancements in NRC’s Primary Spectral Irradiance Scale Realization
Authors: Gamouras A , Woods D J , Côté É , Gaertner A A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The National Research Council (NRC) of Canada has been working to establish new facilities and to improve measurement capabilities traceable to the International System of Units (SI units) in optical radiometry. The NRC primary spectral irradiance scale has transitioned from a detector-based approach in the range of 700 nm to 1600 nm to a detector and source-based realization from 250 nm to 2500 nm. A high temperature blackbody (HTBB) acts as the primary light source for the calibration of 1000 W FEL spectral irradiance standard lamps. The thermodynamic temperature of the HTBB is determined using an NRC-designed wide-band filter radiometer, with spectral responsivity SI-traceable to the NRC optical power scale. This new facility has significantly improved measurement uncertainties compared to the previous NRC spectral irradiance scale.
Optical power scale realization using the predictable quantum efficient detector
Authors: Maham Kinza , Kärhä Petri , Manoocheri Farshid , Ikonen Erkki 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We report realization of scales for optical power of lasers and spectral responsivity of laser power detectors based on a predictable quantum efficient detector (PQED) over the spectral range of 400 nm–800 nm. The PQED is characterized and used to measure optical power of a laser that is further used in calibration of the responsivities of a working standard trap detector at four distinct laser lines, with an expanded uncertainty of about 0.05%. We present a comparison of responsivities calibrated against the PQED at Aalto and the cryogenic radiometer at RISE, Sweden. The measurement results support the concept that the PQED can be used as a primary standard of optical power.
Calibration of a modular trap detector system towards a new realisation of the luminous intensity unit
Authors: Schneider Philipp , Nevas Saulius , Lindner Detlef , Werner Lutz , Linke Ulrike , Sperling Armin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A modular photometric trap detector system has recently been developed at Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). All parts of the detector are now completely calibrated. The new planned traceability chain for the realisation of luminous intensity unit can therefore be established for the first time. This contribution shows the results of the individual calibration steps including the associated measurement uncertainties and correlations. A major part of the calibrations along the traceability chain is done at the upgraded measurement setup TULIP (TUnable Lasers In Photometry). The improvements of the TULIP setup are presented and the effects on the measurement uncertainty are shown. The result of the first complete calibration according to the new traceability chain is compared to previous calibration results both in terms of spectral irradiance responsivity and luminous responsivity. The further steps required towards implementing the new traceability chain and the possible implications are discussed.
Polarization Characterization of LEDs by Stokes Parameters Measurements
Authors: Saito T , Sutani T , Kiyono K , Oikawa T 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Stokes parameters have been measured by using a polarimeter consisting of a rotating phase plate before a fixed polarizer for bullet-shaped red, green and blue LEDs at 3 different directions of 0°, 45° and 90° from the principal axis. The degree of polarization is minimum at the observation angle 0° (observed head-on) for all colors as expected but has non-zero values (1-9%). As for the possible cause for the partial polarization, it is likely to be brought by striae inside the transparent epoxy resin that can be easily visible. Data at observation angle 90° have features common for all colors; the degree of polarization is highest, the long axis azimuth of the polarization ellipse is nearly in the horizontal direction, and the ellipticity is small. These features can be explained as follows. At observation angle 90°, only small fraction of the beam emitted nearly horizontally is detected possibly through multireflection (the plane of incidence is in the vertical plane) inside the top- and bottom-surfaces (in the horizontal direction) of the chip substrate. Since the reflectance for s-polarization (horizontal component) is higher than that for p-polarization, the emerging beam becomes horizontally polarized. The hypotheses that geometrical asymmetry generates polarization is experimentally supported.
Novel LED-based radiation source and its application in diffuse reflectometry and polarization measurements
Authors: Santourian I , Quast T , Teichert S , Hauer K-O , Schirmacher A 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn LED sphere radiator (LED-SR) was constructed to improve the accuracy in spectral radiance factor measurements performed with the robot-based gonioreflectometer at PTB. Its properties with respect to the spectral range and coverage, the temporal stability, and the homogeneity of the radiation field are presented. Two types of matte ceramic reflection standards were used for spectral radiance factor validation measurements comparing the standardly used halogen sphere radiator (Halogen-SR) and the LED-SR. Due to its designed spectral range at the border between the visible and the UV-A spectral range, the LED-SR is well suited for many applications in diffuse reflectometry. Its use for absolute radiance factor measurements and investigations of the fluorescence properties of diffuse reflecting samples is shown. Reliable polarization-resolved measurements at wavelengths below 430 nm could be carried out with PTB’s gonioreflectometer for the first time due to the beneficial signal-to-noise ratio of the LED-SR.
Applicability of DIN 5036-3 to Transmittance Haze Measurement
Authors: Liu Wen-Chun , Yu Hsueh-Ling 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper evaluates the applicability of the method described in DIN 5036-3 for transmittance haze measurement, theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that DIN 5036-3 is valid for total transmittance measurement. However, when applying to diffuse transmittance measurement, the measured value is lower than the theoretical one, resulting a lower value of calculated transmittance haze. The reflectance of the integrating sphere and collimation of the incident beam are the keys to achieve better agreement between theory and experiment. Further study is necessary to recommend solutions for the discovered issues.
CHARACTERIZATION OF BIDIRECTIONAL TRANSMISSIVE AND REFLECTIVE PROPERTIES OF BLACK SILICON
Authors: Georgiev Georgi T. , Butler James J. , Shiri Ron , Jhabvala Christine A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper describes the initial work of characterizing the transmissive and reflective properties of black silicon diffusers. The diffusers were fabricated from a 100 mm diameter black silicon sample at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). The directional hemispherical reflectance from 250 nm to 2500 nm and BRDF/BTDF measurements at 632.8 nm, 1064 nm, and 1550 nm were measured using the GSFC Diffuser Calibration Laboratory’s (DCL) spectrophotometer and optical scatterometer. The diffusers exhibit a low level of specular reflection up to ~1100 nm with no evidence of retroscatter. The measurements are traceable to those made at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
Advocating a statistical definition for the BRDF
Authors: Chavel P , Sortais Y , Labardens T , Simonot L , Hébert M , Obein G. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The definition of BRDF as a ratio of radiance to irradiance assumes that the geometrical optics framework applies, implicitly meaning that spatial coherence and diffraction of light have no significant effect in the reflection process. However, recent applications of BRDF push at increasing the angular resolution and thus at reducing the solid angles for illumination and collection. Therefore speckle, an optical effect inherent to the stochastic nature of scattering objects, becomes apparent. We suggest that BRDF should be redefined as the statistical average over that effect.
Comparison of back focal plane imaging of nitrogen vacancy centers in nanodiamond and core-shell CdSe/CdS quantum dots
Authors: Christinck J , Rodiek B , López M , Georgieva H , Hofer H , Götzinger S , Kück S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We report on the characterization of the angular-dependent emission of two different single-photon emitters based on nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamond and on core-shell CdSe/CdS quantum dot nanoparticles. The emitters were characterized in a confocal microscope setup by spectroscopy and Hanbury-Brown and Twiss interferometry. The angular-dependent emission is measured using a back focal plane imaging technique. A theoretical model of the angular emission patterns of the 2D dipoles of the emitters is developed to determine their orientation. Experiment and model agree well with each other.
Assessment of the asphalt mixtures properties subjected to a flexural strength
Authors: Ruge J C , Rondon-Quintana H A , Bastidas-Martínez J G 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fatigue cracking by loading is one of the main mechanisms of damage to asphalt mixtures in service. Several studies worldwide have been conducted to try to understand the response that hot-mix asphalt undergo under this mechanism of damage. Despite the above, the fatigue phenomenon in asphalt mixtures is still not fully understood. The current research hypothesizes that the response under repeated loading of asphalt mixtures in fatigue tests can be more clearly understood through the one obtained under monotonic loading. For this reason, this study presents the results of the first phase of the research in which beams of asphalt mixtures were subjected to flexion using monotonic loads. The above, to correlate the evaluated properties with those obtained in a second phase where the response of the beams under repeated load (fatigue) will be measured. Beams made of two hot-mix asphalt mixes, two asphalt contents, and two different thicknesses were subjected to flexural strength tests. From the tests, the modulus of rupture, the maximum monotonic load that supports the beams in the failure state, the displacement in the failure state, and the relation between load and displacement were obtained. As a general conclusion of the study, it was obtained that the response experienced by the beams subjected to monotonic load has a broad correlation with the reported in the reference literature.