bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Functionally Substituted Pyrimidine and Pyran Derivatives on the Basis of Isatylidene Malononitriles
Authors: Naghiyev Farid , Mamedov Ibrahim , Askerov Rizvan , Taslimi Parham , Poustforoosh Alireza 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, it was shown that pyrimidine and imidazopyridine derivatives were obtained from the multicomponent reaction of isatylidene malononitriles with malononitrile and diamines at room temperature. Also, the interaction of 2‐(5‐bromo‐2‐oxoindoline‐3‐ylidene)with malononitrile and benzoyl acetone (or ethyl‐4‐chlorine‐acetoacetate) was carried out and the formation of the corresponding pyran derivatives was observed.The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by 1H, 13CNMR spectroscopy and X‐ray analysis. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor compounds recorded as important therapeutic drugs for the therapy of Alzheimer's disease. Also, novel complexes effectively inhibited AChE enzyme, with Ki values in the range of 4.56 to 8.21 μM. For this enzyme, it was obtained with IC50 values in the range of 4.04 to 9.85 μM. For α‐glycosidase enzyme the most effective Ki values were for 4 a and 10 compounds with Ki values of 31.48 and 32.63 μM, respectively. The molecular docking study was employedto investigate of chemical activities and interaction of synthesized compounds with low Ki in the presence of AChE, butyrylcholinesterase, and α‐Glycosidase. The results revealed that some of the compounds, like compound 9 have a good binding affinity to AChE with a docking score of −6.243 (kcal/mol). This compound can affect the enzyme activity by attachment to essential residues of the catalytic domain of the enzyme. The ADME/T analysis was also performed and revealed that compounds have the potential to be utilized as medicine.
Structure‐Activity Relationships of a Ni‐MOF, a Ni‐MOF‐rGO, and pyrolyzed Ni/C@rGO Structures for Sodium‐ ion Batteries
Authors: Haroon Haamid , Wahid Malik , Majid Kowsar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMOF (Metal‐Organic Framework) based materials have attracted recent interest as‐ anode materials for Alkali‐ ion batteries. However, the insertion reaction that dictates the alkali ion storage in the MOFs being a conversion reaction depicts the drastic drop in cycling and rate stabilities. Herein we report a low‐ temperature twinning of a representative Ni‐MOF with rGO (reduced graphene oxide) by low‐ temperature processing and through an intermediate physical mixing method to enhance the electrochemical anodic performance of the parent pristine Ni‐based MOF that is Ni‐MOF. The uniqueness of this process is that low‐ temperature processing (300 °C) ensures that the identity of MOF is maintained but generates intimate contacts between the Ni‐MOF and thermally reduced GO (Graphene Oxide). The Ni‐MOF@rGO composite so achieved has delivered a considerably enhanced rate and cycling stability with a capacity of 385 mAhg−1 (100 mAg−1) which stays consistent till 400 charge‐ discharge cycles against the pristine MOF which degrades to 272 mAg−1 in just 250 cycles. The rate enhancements at higher currents are also substantial with the Ni‐MOF@rGO composite depicting the capacity of 205 mAhg−1 at 1 Ag−1 as against the capacity of 113 mAhg−1 for pristine Ni‐MOF. The Ni‐MOF@ rGO also depicts a considerably enhanced performance compared to carbonized (600 °C and 800 °C) control samples.
Facile, Cost Effective and Eco‐friendly Approach to Synthesize Bio‐MnO2 Nanosphered Thin Filmfor all Solid‐State Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitor
Authors: Chavan Rutuja , Kamble Gokul , Kashale Anil , Kolekar Sanjay , Sathe Bhaskar , Ghule Anil 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHerein, we are reporting biomediated synthesis of MnO2 nanospheres thin film via facile Rotational Chemical Bath Deposition, wherein, the extract acquired by dousing Bengal gram beans (Cicer arietinum L.) in water, undeniably considered as kitchen squander is utilized as a medium for the reaction. The golden‐colored extract used as a medium contains pectin which acts as a size controlling and stabilizing agent and results in a uniform MnO2nanosphere deposition onto the substrate. Furthermore, for better comparison, the MnO2 was also synthesized without using extract. The Bio‐MnO2 thin film shows excellent results when compared with MnO2synthesized without extract. Additionally, a flexible Bio‐MnO2//Fe2O3‐based asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device was fabricated. The ASC exhibited a specific capacitance of 123.5 F g−1 at 5 mA cm−2current density at a potential window of 1.8 V. The device demonstrated high energy and power density with good cyclic life maintained up to 2000 cycles.
A Green and Easy Large Scale Method for Obtaining Graphene Nanoplatelets by Steam Explosion and Ultrasonic Exfoliation
Authors: Pérez‐Ramírez Eduardo E. , Ramos‐Galicia Lourdes , de la Luz‐Asunción Miguel , Saucedo‐Rivalcoba Verónica , Martínez‐Hernández Ana L. , Rubio‐Rosas Efraín , Velasco‐Santos Carlos 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA novel physical process to obtain graphene nanoplatelets consisting of two principal steps, steam explosion and ultrasonic exfoliation, is proposed. This approach requires only water; nevertheless, the pressure and temperature conditions in the steam explosion equipment contribute to the delamination of the graphite complemented with an ultrasonic step. Moreover, two kinds of source material were tested: highly pyrolytic oriented graphite and a lower oriented graphite. Infrared and energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopies analysis confirmed additional functional groups were not generated in any of the treated materials. X‐ray diffraction showed that graphene nanoplatelets obtained in this work are conformed by 20–30 nm of thickness, also corroborated with atomic force microscopy. According to Raman results, graphene nanoplatelets possess a high structural quality which is similar to the initial graphite. Hence, this process represents a viable option to obtain graphene nanoplatelets through an easy, green and large‐scalable route.
Microwave‐Assisted Reductive Amination of 2‐Carboxybenzaldehydes with Amines for the Synthesis of N‐Substituted Isoindolin‐1‐one
Authors: Muvvala Subhashini , Kumari Krishnaiah , Miriyala Venkatesh , Mogili Padma , Chidara Sridhar , Maddirala Shambabu Joseph , Saxena Abhishek , Behera Manoranjan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMicrowave‐assisted, transition metal free methodology for the synthesis of N‐substituted isoindolin‐1‐one from 2‐carboxybenzaldehydes with various amines by reductive amination reaction using formic acid has been described. This method is relatively simple, benign and safe which tolerates a variety of functional groups.
Borderline Metal Centers on Nonporous Metal‐Organic Framework Nanowire Boost Fast Li‐Ion Interfacial Transport of Composite Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Xu Jianqi , Ma Guixin , Wang Ning , Zhao Simin , Zhou Jisheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) fillers are emerging for composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs). Enhancing Lewis acid–base interaction (LABI) among MOFs, polymer and Li‐salt is expected to promote Li+‐transport. However, it is unclear how to customize a strong LABI interface. The large surface‐area of classical MOFs also interferes with clarifying the LABI influence on Li+‐transport. Herein, Bi3+ as metal centers to design colloidal‐dispersed nonporous MOFs (Bi/HMT‐MOFs) nanowire with a surface‐area of only 17.13 m2 g−1 to prepare polyethylene oxide (PEO)‐based CPEs (BMCPE) is chosen. The nonporous feature can exclude the surface‐area effect on Li+‐transport. More interestingly, Bi3+ is a typical borderline acid, which can interact with both hard‐basic PEO and soft‐basic Li‐salt anion. Accordingly, Bi/HMT‐MOFs are uniformly dispersed in the BMCPE to form a strong LABI interface with PEO and Li‐salt, promoting Li‐salt dissociation and providing rapid Li+‐transport channels. Despite the ultralow surface‐area of Bi/HMT‐MOFs, BMCPE exhibits significantly enhanced ion‐conductivity and Li+ transference number, which completely rival traditional MOFs‐filled CPEs. BMCPE also enables symmetric and full cells with excellent high‐rate performance and long‐term cycling stability. In contrast, when Bi3+ sites are obscured, electrochemical performances are obviously decreased. Therefore, employing borderline metal centers will be an effective strategy to construct a LABI interface for high‐performance MOFs‐filled CPEs.
Situated and dynamic versus declarative and static forms of pedagogical content knowledge: An evaluation of the differences in test reactions and performance
Authors: She Jianyun , Chan Kennedy Kam Ho 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPedagogical content knowledge (PCK) is an important target of science teacher knowledge assessment. Most studies that have assessed the PCK across a large sample of science teachers used a text‐based approach to elicit and assess the more declarative and static form of teachers' PCK. Recently, small‐scale qualitative studies have adopted a novel video‐based approach to characterize the more situated and dynamic form of PCK underpinning a teacher's in‐the‐moment pedagogical reasoning. In this relatively large‐scale mixed‐methods study, these two approaches to assessing PCK were compared. Specifically, a counterbalanced design was adopted to compare the test scores of 147 Grade 7 biology teachers in a video‐based PCK test with those of the same teachers in a text‐based PCK test with the same content. A subgroup of teachers (N = 30) with different levels of PCK was interviewed to further understand their reactions to the test and how these might have affected their test performance. The results of paired‐samples t tests showed that the teachers' PCK scores in the two types of test were significantly correlated, but their scores were significantly lower in the video‐based test. In terms of teacher reactions, although the teachers considered both types of test to be fair, they regarded the video‐based test as more authentic and more closely related to their job demands. The teachers reported putting more effort into the video‐based test and feeling more immersed and engaged, but also experiencing greater cognitive demand and a higher level of anxiety. A multiple regression analysis revealed that the cognitive demand perceived by the teachers significantly predicted their PCK scores in the video‐based test. The findings have implications for the valid design of video‐based PCK tests.
Use of fecal DNA to estimate black bear density in an urban‐wildland interface
Authors: Owen‐Ramos Julia D. , Sanchez Camilo J. , Blair Shelly , Holm Sara , Furnas Brett J. , Sacks Benjamin N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAmerican black bears (Ursus americanus) commonly habituate to human resources in regions of urban‐wildland interface, which frequently leads to human‐wildlife conflict. Monitoring bear densities is important to inform management, yet traditional density estimation methods may not be practical in such areas. Minimally or noninvasive genetic tools offer a potential solution, but the most common sampling method employs barbed‐wire hair snares and scented lure, which can pose dangers to people and pets. Fecal DNA, which is less invasive, has been used successfully for many species, but has not been commonly used for ursids in the United States. We conducted a pilot study from July–September 2018 to assess the feasibility of using fecal DNA in a spatial capture‐recapture analysis to estimate black bear density in the Lake Tahoe Basin in California, a region of high‐human density compared to other urban‐wildland interface localities in the United States, where bears pose significant nuisance problems. The use of fecal DNA allowed us to sample in both urban and wildland areas with minimal disturbance to the surrounding community. Based on 142 genotyped samples from 101 distinct individuals, we estimated an abundance of 0.84 bears/km2(95% CI = 0.58–1.21 bears/km2), which was similar to a previous capture‐recapture estimate in the study area and represents one of the highest densities reported for black bears. More generally, our findings indicated that fecal DNA capture‐recapture approaches provide a feasible means of estimating black bear densities in areas where hair sampling may be impractical.
Conscience and the Moral Insight
Authors: Goodpaster Kenneth E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter offers an introduction to the field of ethics and the central place of conscience within it. To explicate the idea of conscience, I draw upon the work of nineteenth-century Harvard philosopher Josiah Royce. Royce understood conscience as the product of a certain insight, what he called the moral insight, which he defined as “the realization of one’s neighbor, in the full sense of the word realization; the resolution to treat him unselfishly.” I then go on to illustrate parallels to Royce’s moral insight in the works of Plato, Jean Piaget, Hannah Arendt, Joseph Ratzinger, and Anthony DeMello. This is followed by a discussion of the work of Jonathan Haidt aimed at tracing the universality of conscience across cultures and strategies for putting conscience into action—even in a pluralistic society. I wrap up this chapter with two subsections: (a) some structural remarks about the field of ethics, anticipating the theme of Chap. 3: Can a corporation have a conscience? and (b) two serious objections to the very idea of treating corporations as morally responsible entities. This chapter is an organic part of a larger work about the overall contribution of Kenneth Goodpaster to the field of applied ethics and is best read in the context of that larger work.
Time, Privacy, Robustness, Accuracy: Trade-Offs for the Open Vote Network Protocol
Authors: El Orche Fatima-Ezzahra , Géraud-Stewart Rémi , Rønne Peter B. , Bana Gergei , Naccache David , Ryan Peter Y. A. , Biroli Marco , Dervishi Megi , Waltsburger Hugo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe open vote network ( [10]) is a secure two-round multi-party protocol facilitating the computation of a sum of integer votes without revealing their individual values. This is done without a central authority trusted for privacy, and thus allows decentralised and anonymous decision-making efficiently. As such, it has also been implemented in other settings such as financial applications, see e.g. [15, 17].An inherent limitation of is its lack of robustness against denial-of-service attacks, which occur when at least one of the voters participates in the first round of the protocol but (maliciously or accidentally) not in the second. Unfortunately, such a situation is likely to occur in any real-world implementation of the protocol with many participants. This could incur serious time delays from either waiting for the failing parties and perhaps having to perform extra protocol rounds with the remaining participants.This paper provides a solution to this problem by extending with mechanisms tolerating a number of unresponsive participants, the basic idea being to run several sub-elections in parallel. The price to pay is a carefully controlled privacy loss, an increase in computation, and a statistical loss in accuracy, which we demonstrate how to measure precisely.
Controlling Continuous Locomotion in Virtual Reality with Bare Hands Using Hand Gestures
Authors: Schäfer Alexander , Reis Gerd , Stricker Didier 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMoving around in a virtual world is one of the essential interactions for Virtual Reality (VR) applications. The current standard for moving in VR is using a controller. Recently, VR Head Mounted Displays integrate new input modalities such as hand tracking which allows the investigation of different techniques to move in VR. This work explores different techniques for bare-handed locomotion since it could offer a promising alternative to existing freehand techniques. The presented techniques enable continuous movement through an immersive virtual environment. The proposed techniques are compared to each other in terms of efficiency, usability, perceived workload, and user preference.
Radiative corrections to the forward-backward asymmetry in e+e− → π+π−
Authors: Colangelo Gilberto , Hoferichter Martin , Monnard Joachim , de Elvira Jacobo Ruiz 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We present a calculation of the C-odd radiative corrections to e+e−→ π+π− in a dispersive formalism, concentrating on the leading pion-pole contribution in the virtual box diagrams. In particular, we show how the effect of a general pion vector form factor in the loop integral can be incorporated in a model-independent way and how the cancellation of infrared singularities proceeds in this case. The numerical results, dominated by the infrared enhanced contributions, indicate significant corrections beyond scalar QED, essentially confirming recent findings in generalized vector-meson-dominance models.
Generalized symmetries and Noether’s theorem in QFT
Authors: Benedetti Valentin , Casini Horacio , Magán Javier M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We show that generalized symmetries cannot be charged under a continuous global symmetry having a Noether current. Further, only non-compact generalized symmetries can be charged under a continuous global symmetry. These results follow from a finer classification of twist operators, which naturally extends to finite group global symmetries. They unravel topological obstructions to the strong version of Noether’s theorem in QFT, even if under general conditions a global symmetry can be implemented locally by twist operators (weak version). We use these results to rederive Weinberg-Witten’s theorem within local QFT, generalizing it to massless particles in arbitrary dimensions and representations of the Lorentz group. Several examples with local twists but without Noether currents are described. We end up discussing the conditions for the strong version to hold, dynamical aspects of QFT’s with non-compact generalized symmetries, scale vs conformal invariance in QFT, connections with the Coleman-Mandula theorem and aspects of global symmetries in quantum gravity.
Anomaly-free ALP from non-Abelian flavor symmetry
Authors: Han C. , López-Ibáñez M. L. , Melis A. , Vives O. , Yang J. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Motivated by the XENON1T excess in electron-recoil measurements, we investigate the prospects of probing axion-like particles (ALP) in lepton flavor violation experiments. In particular, we identify such ALP as a pseudo-Goldstone from the spontaneous breaking of the flavor symmetries that explain the mixing structure of the Standard Model leptons. We present the case of the flavor symmetries being a non-Abelian U(2) and the ALP originating from its U(1) subgroup, which is anomaly-free with the Standard Model group. We build two explicit realistic examples that reproduce leptonic masses and mixings and show that the ALP which is consistent with XENON1T anomaly could be probed by the proposed LFV experiments.
SMEFT analysis of mW
Authors: Bagnaschi Emanuele , Ellis John , Madigan Maeve , Mimasu Ken , Sanz Veronica , You Tevong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We use the Fitmaker tool to incorporate the recent CDF measurement of mW in a global fit to electroweak, Higgs, and diboson data in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) including dimension-6 operators at linear order. We find that including any one of the SMEFT operators $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
HWB, $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
HD, $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
ℓℓ or $$ {\mathcal{O}}_{H\ell}^{(3)} $$

O

H
ℓ

3

with a non-zero coefficient could provide a better fit than the Standard Model, with the strongest pull for $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
HD and no tension with other electroweak precision data. We then analyse which tree-level single-field extensions of the Standard Model could generate such operator coefficients with the appropriate sign, and discuss the masses and couplings of these fields that best fit the CDF measurement and other data. In particular, the global fit favours either a singlet Z′ vector boson, a scalar electroweak triplet with zero hypercharge, or a vector electroweak triplet with unit hypercharge, followed by a singlet heavy neutral lepton, all with masses in the multi-TeV range for unit coupling.
Prophylactic cholecystectomy offers best outcomes following ERCP clearance of common bile duct stones: a meta-analysis
Authors: Mc Geehan Gearóid , Melly Conor , O’ Connor Niall , Bass Gary , Mohseni Shahin , Bucholc Magda , Johnston Alison , Sugrue Michael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Symptomatic calculus biliary disease is common with associated morbidity and occasional mortality, further confounded when there is concomitant common bile duct (CBD) stones. Choledocholithiasis and clearance of the duct reduces recurrent cholangitis, but the question is whether after clearance of the CBD if there is a need to perform a cholecystectomy. This meta-analysis evaluated outcomes in patients undergoing ERCP with or without sphincterotomy to determine if cholecystectomy post-ERCP clearance offers optimal outcomes over a wait-and-see approach.

Methods
A Prospero registered meta-analysis of the literature using PRISMA guidelines incorporating articles related to ERCP, choledocholithiasis, cholangitis and cholecystectomy was undertaken for papers published between 1st January 1991 and 31st May 2021. Existing research that demonstrates outcomes of ERCP with no cholecystectomy versus ERCP and cholecystectomy was reviewed to determine the related key events, complications and mortality of leaving the gallbladder in situ and removing it. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated using Review Manager Version 5.4 and meta-analyses performed using OR using fixed-effect (or random-effect) models, depending on the heterogeneity of studies.

Results
13 studies (n = 2598), published between 2002 and 2019, were included in this meta-analysis, 6 retrospective, 2 propensity score-matched retrospective studies, 3 prospective studies and 2 randomised control trials from a total of 11 countries. There were 1433 in the no cholecystectomy cohort (55.2%) and 1165 in the prophylactic cholecystectomy (44.8%) cohort. Cholecystectomy resulted in a decreased risk of cholecystitis (OR = 0.15; CI 0.07–0.36; p < 0.0001), cholangitis (OR = 0.51; CI 0.26–1.00; p = 0.05) and mortality (OR = 0.38; CI 0.16–0.9; p = 0.03). In addition, prophylactic cholecystectomy resulted in a significant reduction in biliary events, biliary pain and pancreatitis.

Conclusions
In patients undergoing CBD clearance, consideration should be given to performing prophylactic cholecystectomy to optimise outcomes.
Hybrid-PET/MRT bei inflammatorischer Kardiomyopathie
Authors: Krumm Patrick , Greulich Simon , la Fougère Christian , Nikolaou Konstantin 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Myokarditis und die inflammatorische Kardiomyopathie sind aufgrund ihrer unterschiedlichen Auslöser, Phänotypen und Stadien diagnostisch häufig schwer zu diagnostizieren.

Methodische Innovationen und Probleme
Die kardiale Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie/Magnetresonanztomographie (PET/MRT) zeichnet sich neben der myokardialen Gewebecharakterisierung mittels MRT durch den möglichen Nachweis einer aktiven myokardialen Entzündung (Inflammation) mittels PET aus. Die Kombination von MRT und PET ist somit eher synergistisch als rein summativ: Die möglicherweise in der MRT vorhandenen kardialen Veränderungen lassen sich durch die PET in aktive inflammatorische (und somit noch potenziell reversible) Prozesse oder ältere chronische (irreversible) Narben unterscheiden. Die kardiale Sarkoidose mit einem potenziellen Nebeneinander von aktiven und chronischen Veränderungen bietet sich an, um die Stärken einer hybriden PET/MRT zur Geltung bringen zu lassen. Wichtig für eine aussagekräftige kardiale PET ist eine gute Vorbereitung mit Low-Carb-Diät, um eine suffiziente Suppression der myokardialen Glukoseaufnahme zu gewährleisten.

Empfehlungen
Die Diagnostik einer inflammatorischen Herzerkrankung sowie deren Charakterisierung in akut vs. chronische Prozesse gelingt mit der kardialen Hybrid-PET/MRT, wie am Beispiel der kardialen Sarkoidose gezeigt werden konnte.