bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcium supplementation during pregnancy and long‐term offspring outcome: a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Korhonen Päivi , Tihtonen Kati , Isojärvi Jaana , Ojala Riitta , Ashorn Ulla , Ashorn Per , Tammela Outi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe World Health Organization currently recommends calcium supplementation for pregnant women, especially those with low calcium intakes, to reduce the risk of hypertension and preeclampsia. We aimed to evaluate the effect of this intervention on selected offspring outcomes. A systematic search was conducted in 11 databases for published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of maternal calcium supplementation with or without vitamin D during pregnancy on selected offspring cardiovascular, growth, and metabolic and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Screening of titles and abstracts of 3555 records and full texts of 31 records yielded six RCTs (nine reports, n = 1616). Forest plot analyses were performed if at least two studies presented comparable data on the same outcome. In one study (n = 591), high‐dose calcium supplementation during pregnancy was associated with a decreased risk of offspring high systolic blood pressure at 5–7 years of age (risk ratio = 0.59; 95% confidence interval: 0.39–0.90). The effects of the intervention on offspring growth, metabolic, and neurodevelopmental outcomes remain unknown because of conflicting or insufficient data. High risk of attrition bias decreased the quality of the evidence. Limited available data from RCTs do not provide sufficient evidence to conclude that prenatal calcium supplementation influences offspring health outcomes beyond the newborn period.
Cardiac Perforation Caused by Cement Embolism after Percutaneous Vertebroplasty: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Zhang Yi , Liu Xinmei , Liu Hongsheng 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundPercutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is a minimally invasive surgical technique in which polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is injected into the weakened vertebral body to strengthen it. However, this procedure is associated with various complications, the most common being cement leakage. Cardiac perforation caused by cement escape into the venous system is another complication, which is rare but potentially life‐threatening even if not treated promptly.Case PresentationHere, we report two elderly patients who developed cardiac perforation caused by cement escape into veins following PVP. Both patients had a history of severe osteoporosis. On admission, they presented with lower back pain and limited movement. MRI revealed vertebral bodies compression fracture in both patients. Considering the advanced age of the patients, PVP was performed to avoid the risk of potential complications associated with nonoperative therapy. Unfortunately, the rare and fatal postoperative complication, cardiac perforation caused by cement escape into veins, occurred in both patients. Emergency open‐heart surgery was performed to remove cement material and repair the heart, both patients recovered well and were discharged.ConclusionsAlthough PVP is a safe and minimally invasive surgical technique, it is associated with various serious complications as seen in the present cases. We therefore recommend that surgeons should be aware of such complications. Appropriate timing of surgical operation, meticulous surgical procedures, early intraoperative and postoperative monitoring of cement leakage may improve outcomes of patients with such complications.
Impact of ultra‐conservative ICD programming in patients with LVADs: Avoiding potentially unnecessary tachy‐therapies
Authors: Robinson Alexander , Parikh Valay , Jazayeri Mohammad‐Ali , Pierpoline Michael , Reddy Y. Madhu , Emert Martin , Pimentel Rhea , Dendi Raghuveer , Berenbom Loren , Noheria Amit , Ramirez Rigoberto , Sauer Andrew J. , Shah Zubair , Abicht Travis , Haglund Nicholas , Sheldon Seth H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) often tolerate ventricular arrhythmias (VA). We aim to assess the frequency and outcomes of ICD therapies averted by ultraconservative ICD programming (UCP) in LVAD patients.MethodsThis single center, retrospective cohort study included patients with LVADs and ICDs implanted from 2015 to 2019 that had UCP. The aim for UCP was to maximally delay VA treatments and maximize anti‐tachycardia pacing (ATP) prior to ICD shocks. VA events were reviewed after UCP and evaluated under prior conservative programming to assess for potentially averted events (that would have resulted in either ATP or defibrillation with prior programming).ResultsFifty patients were included in the study with follow‐up of median 16 ± 10.2 months after UCP. The median time from LVAD implantation to reprogramming was 7 days (IQR 5–9 days). Fourteen patients (28%) had potentially averted VA events that would have been treated with their prior ICD programming (82 total events, median two events per patient, IQR 1–10 events). Treated VA events occurred in 15 patients (30%). Eleven of the 14 patients with potentially averted VAs had treated events as well. Only one patient reported definitive symptoms of self‐limited “dizziness” during a potentially averted event that did not result in hospitalization. No patients died of complications from or needed emergent care/hospitalization due a potentially averted VA.ConclusionsUCP in LVAD patients likely prevented unnecessary VA treatments in many patients with minimal reported symptoms during these potentially averted events. Prospective studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
Person‐centred care and short oral treatment for rifampicin‐resistant tuberculosis improve retention in care in Kandahar, Afghanistan
Authors: Mesic Anita , Ishaq Sadiqullah , Khan Waliullah H. , Mureed Atiqullah , Mar Htay Thet , Khaing Ei Ei , Bermudez‐Aza Elkin , Rose Letitia , Lynen Lutgarde , Seddiq Mohammad Khaled , Amirzada Hashim Khan , Keus Kees , Decroo Tom 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the effect of adaptations to a person‐centred care with short oral regimens on retention in care for rifampicin‐resistant TB (RR‐TB) in Kandahar province, Afghanistan.MethodsThe study included people with RR‐TB registered in the programme between 01 October 2016 and 18 April 2021. From 19 November 2019, the programme implemented a trial investigating the safety and effectiveness of short oral RR‐TB regimens. During the trial, person‐centred care was adapted. We included the data from people living with RR‐TB treated in the period before and after the care model was adapted and applied Kaplan‐Meier statistics to compare rates of retention in care.ResultsOf 236 patients registered in the RR‐TB programme, 146 (61.9%) were registered before and 90 (38.1%) after the model of care was adapted. Before adaptations enhancing person‐centred care, pre‐treatment attrition was 23.3% (n = 34/146), whilst under the adapted care model it was 5.6% (n = 5/90). Attrition on treatment was 22.3% (n = 25/112) before adaptations, whilst during the study period none of the participants were lost‐to‐follow‐up on treatment and 3.3% died (n = 3/90).ConclusionsAs person‐centred care delivery and treatment regimens were adapted to better fit‐specific contextual challenges and the needs of the target population, retention in care improved amongst people with RR‐TB in Kandahar, Afghanistan.
Scoping Review: Ultrasonographic evidence of intraabdominal manifestations of COVID-19 infection
Authors: Dehmani Sirine , Penkalla Nadine , Jung Ernst Michael , De Molo Chiara , Serra Carla , Hoffmann Beatrice , Fang Cheng , Dietrich Christoph F. 
Published: January 2022

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that in the majority of patients will only cause mild symptoms. The most common serious complication is COVID-19 pneumonia, however, gastrointestinal (GI) COV-ID-19 is also a frequent presentation and likely due to the high expression of the ACE2 receptor in the GI tract. As diagnostic ultrasound has been frequently used in the management of this patient cohort, we conducted a literature search with the aim to present and review the currently published evidence of using ultrasound examinations in the management of intraabdominal manifestations of COVID-19. Our analysis showed that sonographic abnormalities of the hepatobiliary system are the most commonly reported findings in adults, while gastrointestinal abnormalities are the most common findings in children. The most severe complications are related to thromboembolic complications in the intensive care unit.
Development and validation of the self-management Barriers and Supports Evaluation for working-aged adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Planalp Elizabeth M , Kliems Harald , Chewning Betty A , Palta Mari , LeCaire Tamara J , Young Laura A , Cox Elizabeth D 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionTo optimize type 1 diabetes mellitus self-management, experts recommend a person-centered approach, in which care is tailored to meet people’s needs and preferences. Existing tools for tailoring type 1 diabetes mellitus education and support are limited by narrow focus, lack of strong association with meaningful outcomes like A1c, or having been developed before widespread use of modern diabetes technology. To facilitate comprehensive, effective tailoring for today’s working-aged adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus, we developed and validated the Barriers and Supports Evaluation (BASES).Research design and methodsParticipants 25–64 years of age with type 1 diabetes mellitus were recruited from clinics and a population-based registry. Content analysis of semistructured interviews (n=33) yielded a pool of 136 items, further refined to 70 candidate items on a 5-point Likert scale through cognitive interviewing and piloting. To develop and validate the tool, factor analyses were applied to responses to candidate items (n=392). Additional survey data included demographics and the Diabetes-Specific Quality of Life (QOL) Scale-Revised. To evaluate concurrent validity, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values and QOL scores were regressed on domain scores.ResultsFactor analyses yielded 5 domains encompassing 30 items: Learning Opportunities, Costs and Insurance, Family and Friends, Coping and Behavioral Skills, and Diabetes Provider Interactions. Models exhibited good to adequate fit (Comparative Fit Index >0.88 and Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation <0.06). All domains demonstrated significant associations with HbA1c and QOL in the expected direction, except Family and Friends. Coping and Behavioral Skills had the strongest associations with both HbA1c and QOL.ConclusionsThe BASES is a valid, comprehensive, person-centered tool that can tailor diabetes support and education to individuals’ needs in a modern practice environment, improving effectiveness and uptake of services. Clinicians could use the tool to uncover patient-specific barriers that limit success in achieving HbA1c goals and optimal QOL.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the utilisation of health services at public hospitals in Yemen: a retrospective comparative study
Authors: Kotiso Mikyias , Qirbi Naseeb , Al-Shabi Kahtan , Vuolo Elena , Al-Waleedi Ali , Naiene Jeremias , Senga Mikiko , Khalil Mohammed , Basaleem Huda , Alhidary Ahmed 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global crisis, creating an unprecedented situation, which has taken the world by storm, overshadowing on all life’ aspects and having a significant impact on the health systems of most countries. In this study, the delivery of health services is investigated both before and during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic at public hospitals in Yemen to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the utilisation of health services.MethodData collected from 127 hospitals in Yemen were reviewed using the DHIS2 system. The data represented 3 months before the outbreak of COVID-19 between January and March 2020 and during the outbreak of COVID-19 outbreak between April and June 2020. The results were then compared with the same period in 2019. The utilisation pattern of healthcare services during the period of investigation was compiled and analysed by applying a generalised estimating equation (GEE) to examine the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak in Yemen. The data collected from the targeted hospitals included information related to consultations, surgeries, deliveries, C-sections and penta-3rd dose immunisation.ResultsThe trendline of health services used during the pandemic showed a gradual decline beginning from April 2020 for consultations, surgeries and penta-3rd dose utilisation. The GEE model revealed a significant effect (p<0.05) during the outbreak compared with preoutbreak in the consultation services (B=−1,343.9; 95% CI −1,767.2 to −920.6; χ2=38.718), surgeries (B=−54.98; 95% CI −79.13 to −30.83, χ2=19.911) and penta-3rd dose (B=−24.47; 95% CI −30.56 to −18.38 and χ2=62.010). As for deliveries and C-sections, the results were shown to be statistically non-significant.ConclusionThe impact of COVID-19 on continuity of health services delivery in Yemen has been distinct and profound, where the study revealed that the number of the consultations, surgeries and number of vaccinated children have been declined during the COVID-19 pandemic, likely due to the partially lockdown measures taken and fear of being infected. However, the deliveries and C-section services remained nearly in the same level and did not affect by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance breast cancer screening: protocol for population-based cohort study of cancer detection
Authors: Marinovich M Luke , Wylie Elizabeth , Lotter William , Pearce Alison , Carter Stacy M , Lund Helen , Waddell Andrew , Kim Jiye G , Pereira Gavin F , Lee Christoph I , Zackrisson Sophia , Brennan Meagan , Houssami Nehmat 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionArtiﬁcial intelligence (AI) algorithms for interpreting mammograms have the potential to improve the effectiveness of population breast cancer screening programmes if they can detect cancers, including interval cancers, without contributing substantially to overdiagnosis. Studies suggesting that AI has comparable or greater accuracy than radiologists commonly employ ‘enriched’ datasets in which cancer prevalence is higher than in population screening. Routine screening outcome metrics (cancer detection and recall rates) cannot be estimated from these datasets, and accuracy estimates may be subject to spectrum bias which limits generalisabilty to real-world screening. We aim to address these limitations by comparing the accuracy of AI and radiologists in a cohort of consecutive of women attending a real-world population breast cancer screening programme.Methods and analysisA retrospective, consecutive cohort of digital mammography screens from 109 000 distinct women was assembled from BreastScreen WA (BSWA), Western Australia’s biennial population screening programme, from November 2016 to December 2017. The cohort includes 761 screen-detected and 235 interval cancers. Descriptive characteristics and results of radiologist double-reading will be extracted from BSWA outcomes data collection. Mammograms will be reinterpreted by a commercial AI algorithm (DeepHealth). AI accuracy will be compared with that of radiologist single-reading based on the diﬀerence in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Cancer detection and recall rates for combined AI–radiologist reading will be estimated by pairing the first radiologist read per screen with the AI algorithm, and compared with estimates for radiologist double-reading.Ethics and disseminationThis study has ethical approval from the Women and Newborn Health Service Ethics Committee (EC00350) and the Curtin University Human Research Ethics Committee (HRE2020-0316). Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences. Results will also be disseminated to stakeholders in Australian breast cancer screening programmes and policy makers in population screening.
Prevalence and individual and work-related factors associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviours among veterinarians in Norway: a cross-sectional, nationwide survey-based study (the NORVET study)
Authors: Dalum Helene Seljenes , Tyssen Reidar , Hem Erlend 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesSeveral studies have shown increased suicide rates among veterinarians. We investigated the self-reported prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviours and contributing and independent factors associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviours among veterinarians in Norway.DesignCross-sectional, nationwide survey.Participants2596 veterinarians in Norway (response rate: 75%).Main outcome measurePaykel’s five-item questionnaire.ResultsIn total, 27% (n=682/2567) of veterinarians in Norway felt that life was not worth living during the last year, 5% (n=139/2562) had serious suicidal thoughts, and 0.2% (n=6/2537) had attempted suicide. Female veterinarians reported significantly higher prevalence of suicidal feelings and thoughts than males. For serious suicidal thoughts, women had nearly twice the prevalence as their male colleagues (6.2% (n=108/1754) vs 3.6% (n=28/766), χ2: 6.5, p=0.011). Independent factors associated with serious suicidal thoughts were being single (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.72, p<0.05), negative life events (OR=1.43, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.68, p<0.001) and the presence of mental distress (OR 2.75, 95% CI 2.14 to 3.52, p<0.001). The veterinarians related their serious suicidal thoughts to work and personal problems, and a lesser degree to family, social and other problems. Nearly twice as many women (53%, n=57/108) as men (28%, n=7/25) reported work problems as the most important contributing factor to their serious suicidal thoughts (χ2: 4.99, p=0.03). 4% (n=6/139) reported work problems as the only factor of importance.ConclusionsVeterinarians in Norway have relatively high prevalence of suicidal feelings and thoughts, including serious suicidal thoughts. In multivariable analyses, the individual factors were more important than work-related ones, while work problems were the most reported contributing factor to serious suicidal thoughts by the veterinarians themselves. The role of gender and specific work-related factors should be further investigated to better understand the complexity of suicidal behaviour among veterinarians.
Attitudes towards vaccines and intention to vaccinate against COVID-19: a cross-sectional analysis—implications for public health communications in Australia
Authors: Enticott Joanne , Gill Jaskirath Singh , Bacon Simon L. , Lavoie Kim L. , Epstein Daniel S. , Dawadi Shrinkhala , Teede Helena J , Boyle Jacqueline 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo examine SARS-CoV-2 vaccine confidence, attitudes and intentions in Australian adults as part of the iCARE Study.Design and settingCross-sectional online survey conducted when free COVID-19 vaccinations first became available in Australia in February 2021.ParticipantsTotal of 1166 Australians from general population aged 18–90 years (mean 52, SD of 19).Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome: responses to question ‘If a vaccine for COVID-19 were available today, what is the likelihood that you would get vaccinated?’.Secondary outcome: analyses of putative drivers of uptake, including vaccine confidence, socioeconomic status and sources of trust, derived from multiple survey questions.ResultsSeventy-eight per cent reported being likely to receive a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Higher SARS-CoV-2 vaccine intentions were associated with: increasing age (OR: 2.01 (95% CI 1.77 to 2.77)), being male (1.37 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.72)), residing in least disadvantaged area quintile (2.27 (95% CI 1.53 to 3.37)) and a self-perceived high risk of getting COVID-19 (1.52 (95% CI 1.08 to 2.14)). However, 72% did not believe they were at a high risk of getting COVID-19. Findings regarding vaccines in general were similar except there were no sex differences. For both the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and vaccines in general, there were no differences in intentions to vaccinate as a function of education level, perceived income level and rurality. Knowing that the vaccine is safe and effective and that getting vaccinated will protect others, trusting the company that made it and vaccination recommended by a doctor were reported to influence a large proportion of the study cohort to uptake the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Seventy-eight per cent reported the intent to continue engaging in virus-protecting behaviours (mask wearing, social distancing, etc) postvaccine.ConclusionsMost Australians are likely to receive a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Key influencing factors identified (eg, knowing vaccine is safe and effective, and doctor’s recommendation to get vaccinated) can inform public health messaging to enhance vaccination rates.
Antibiotic prescribing rate after optimal near-patient C-reactive protein testing in acutely ill children presenting to ambulatory care (ARON project): protocol for a cluster-randomized pragmatic trial
Authors: Verbakel Jan Yvan Jos , De Burghgraeve Tine , Van den Bruel Ann , Coenen Samuel , Anthierens Sibyl , Joly Louise , Laenen Annouschka , Luyten Jeroen , De Sutter An 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionChildren become ill quite often, mainly because of infections, most of which can be managed in the community. Many children are prescribed antibiotics which contributes to antimicrobial resistance and reinforces health-seeking behaviour. Point-of-care C reactive protein (POC CRP) testing, prescription guidance and safety-netting advice can help safely reduce antibiotic prescribing to acutely ill children in ambulatory care as well as save costs at a systems level.Methods and analysisThe ARON (Antibiotic prescribing Rate after Optimal Near-patient testing in acutely ill children in ambulatory care) trial is a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled superiority trial with a nested process evaluation and will assess the clinical and cost effectiveness of a diagnostic algorithm, which includes a standardised clinical assessment, a POC CRP test, and safety-netting advice, in acutely ill children aged 6 months to 12 years presenting to ambulatory care. The primary outcome is antibiotic prescribing at the index consultation; secondary outcomes include clinical recovery, reconsultation, referral/admission to hospital, additional testing, mortality and patient satisfaction. We aim to recruit a total sample size of 6111 patients. All outcomes will be analysed according to the intent-to-treat approach. We will use a mixed-effect logistic regression analysis to account for the clustering at practice level.Ethics and disseminationThe study will be conducted in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (current version), the principles of Good Clinical Practice and in accordance with all applicable regulatory requirements. Ethics approval for this study was obtained on 10 November 2020 from the Ethics Committee Research of University Hospitals Leuven under reference S62005. We will ensure that the findings of the study will be disseminated to relevant stakeholders other than the scientific world including the public, healthcare providers and policy-makers. The process evaluation that is part of this trial may provide a basis for an implementation strategy. If our intervention proves to be clinically and cost-effective, it will be essential to educate physicians about introducing the diagnostic algorithm including POC CRP testing and safety-netting advice in their daily practice.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04470518. Protocol V.2.0 date 2 October 2020. (Pre-results)