bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical and thermo‐physical properties of Cascabela thevetia–Calotropis gigantean fiber reinforced epoxy based hybrid composites
Authors: Sahu Saipad Bhakta Bhagabati Prasanna J. , Nayak Subhakanta , Sahu Sibakanta , Roul Manmatha Kumar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present work reports the mechanical, thermo‐physical and water absorption properties of Cascabela thevetia (CT)–Calotropis gigantean (CG)/epoxy natural fiber hybrid composites. Using a standard hand lay‐up method the hybrid natural fiber composites was fabricated from CT and CG fibers with different fiber loading (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%) and with different weight ratio of CT and CG fibers (1:1, 1:3, and 3:1). Physical property (density), various mechanical properties (tensile, young's modulus, flexural and impact strength), thermal properties (thermogravimetric analysis, specific heat, thermal conductivity, and thermal diffusivity) and water absorption properties were evaluated. It was observed that composites with CT:CG = 3:1 fiber loading reveals highest mechanical properties as compared to 1:1 and 1:3 fiber loading ratio. Moreover, the highest properties were obtained at 20 wt% which includes 15 wt% of CT fiber and 5 wt% of CG fibers. The findings show that at all fiber loadings, the composite manufactured with CT and CG fiber in a weight ratio of 3:1 soaks less water, exhibits less thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity with highest mechanical properties. In order to decrease energy consumption, the manufactured hybrid composites were suited for use in construction materials and automobiles.
Establishing and Developing a Paediatric Psychodermatology Service and Our Experience of a New Paediatric Psychodermatology Clinic During the Covid 19 Pandemic
Authors: Sears Alison V. , Ali Rukshana , O’Connor Jane , Baron Susannah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Children and young people (CYP) with skin and hair conditions are at an increased risk of mental health problems and vice versa. Current child and adolescent mental health services are already stretched and in our experience, this unique combination of symptoms and signs requires a multi-disciplinary approach. We report our experience of establishing a paediatric psychodermatology clinic where, at each appointment, CYP are seen by a consultant dermatologist and a clinical psychologist initially jointly and then individually to ensure all viewpoints are heard and a collaborative treatment plan can be agreed. The clinic was established one month prior to the national lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic and the face-to-face model was converted to a virtual format. CYP are now seen either face to face or virtually according to CYP/parent/carer preference and this hybrid model increases accessibility and has reduced DNA rates. Referrals were received from primary, secondary and tertiary care settings. Thirty –six new patients were seen and followed-up over a 2 year period, age range 3–17 years old. The majority of patients presented with compulsive hair pulling (trichotillomania) and medically unexplained signs (dermatitis artefacta); other problems seen were eczema, skin picking and acne. Half of the patients required additional psychology sessions. Seventy-six percent of patients have been discharged, almost half back to the care of their general practitioner. We use pre- and post-clinic questionnaires and share these and feedback from CYP/families who have found this clinic model helpful and effective.
Oral Health in Patients with Severe Inflammatory Dermatologic and Rheumatologic Disease
Authors: Kiernan Yvonne , O’Connor Cathal , Ryan John , Murphy Michelle 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Poor oral health (OH) is a risk factor for systemic disease and lower quality of life (QoL). Patients with inflammatory dermatologic/rheumatologic diseases report more oral discomfort, dry mouth, and periodontal disease than controls. Medications used to treat these conditions can also adversely affect OH.

Objectives
The aim was to assess the OH of patients with chronic inflammatory dermatologic/rheumatologic diseases treated with systemic/biologic therapy, compared to controls.

Methods
Patients with chronic inflammatory dermatologic/rheumatologic diseases treated with systemic/biologic therapy were recruited from outpatient clinics across two university hospitals. All patients had a standardized World Health Organisation OH assessment performed consisting of an OH exam and questionnaire. Age- and sex-matched controls without chronic inflammatory disease were recruited from a pigmented lesion clinic. Charts of patients with chronic inflammatory dermatologic/rheumatologic diseases were reviewed to assess OH documentation.

Results
One hundred patients were examined (50 cases and 50 controls). Patients with inflammatory dermatologic/rheumatologic diseases (cases) had poorer periodontal status (mean loss of attachment 6.9 mm vs. 1.9 mm controls, p = 0.01), more missing teeth (mean 7.7 vs. 4.4 controls, p = 0.029), more dry mouth (82% vs. 20% controls, p = 0.001), and less frequent tooth brushing (60% vs. 80% controls, p = 0.037). Of 250 patient charts which were reviewed, 98.4% (n = 246) had no documentation of OH.

Conclusion
Patients with severe inflammatory dermatologic/rheumatologic conditions have poorer OH and OH-related QoL. Clinicians should appreciate the risk of poor OH in this cohort and have a low threshold for involving OH professionals in care pathways for severe inflammatory disease.
Chemical Energy‐Driven Lithiation Preparation of Defect‐Rich Transition Metal Nanostructures for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Han Di , Du Gaohui , Wang Yunting , Jia Lina , Zhao Wenqi , Su Qingmei , Ding Shukai , Zhang Miao , Xu Bingshe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTransition metal nanostructures are widely regarded as important catalysts to replace the precious metal Pt for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water splitting. However, it is difficult to obtain uniform‐sized and ultrafine metal nanograins through general high‐temperature reduction and sintering processes. Herein, a novel method of chemical energy‐driven lithiation is introduced to synthesize transition metal nanostructures. By taking advantage of the slow crystallization kinetics at room temperature, more surface and boundary defects can be generated and remained, which reduce the atomic coordination number and tune the electronic structure and adsorption free energy of the metals. The obtained Ni nanostructures therein exhibit excellent HER performance. In addition, the bimetal of Co and Ni shows better electrocatalytic kinetics than individual Ni and Co nanostructures, reaching 100 mA cm−2 at a low overpotential of 127 mV. The high HER performance originates from well‐formed synergistic effect between Ni and Co by tuning the electronic structures. Density functional theory simulations confirm that the bimetallic NiCo possesses a low Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption, which are conducive to enhance its intrinsic activity. This work provides a general strategy that enables simultaneous defect engineering and electronic modulation of transition metal catalysts to achieve an enhancement in HER performance.
How to Grasp an Abstraction: Mathematical Models and Their Vicissitudes Between 1850 and 1950. Introduction
Authors: Friedman Michael , Krauthausen Karin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhat is a model? Today, this question can only be answered either with a high degree of abstraction or generality, or with the most specific and precise contextualization, since the concept of the model and the practice of modeling are ubiquitous—in all the sciences and arts, in engineering and design.
The Dialectics Archetypes/Types (Universal Categorical Constructions/Concrete Models) in the Work of Alexander Grothendieck
Authors: Zalamea Fernando 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe present two basic directions that Grothendieck explores in the transit between archetypes (universal categorical constructions) and types (concrete models): (1) projecting archetypes to types in the 1950s (around the Tôhoku and Riemann-Roch), (2) embedding types into archetypes in the 1980s (around Pursuing Stacks and Dérivateurs). We also discuss (3) his general remarks about “models” in Récoltes et semailles.
Experimental Validation of a Semi-physical Modelling Approach of the Influence of Tyre Rotation on the Vertical Tyre Force Transmission and Tyre Kinematics
Authors: Schabauer Martin , Hackl Andreas , Scherndl Christoph , Hirschberg Wolfgang , Lex Cornelia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPerformance, development and validation of vehicle dynamics applications such as anti-lock braking systems (ABS) or indirect tyre pressure monitoring systems (iTPMS) rely on a sufficiently accurate consideration of tyre properties such as transient dynamics and tyre kinematics. Previous investigations showed that the tyre rotation has a distinct effect on the vertical tyre stiffness as well as on the three characteristic tyre radii, the unloaded, static and effective (dynamic) tyre radius. Based on the fundamentals of the TMeasy 5 handling tyre model, an enhanced semi-physical modelling approach was developed to consider rotational speed dependent tyre stiffness and tyre radii in an effective and numerically efficient manner. In the present study, a detailed experimental validation is conducted to verify, evaluate and validate the previously identified rotational speed induced effects and the developed enhanced modelling approach. Based on the results of an extensive tyre testing series, it is shown that the rotational speed induced tyre behaviour can be taken into account effectively by considering a linear dependence of the vertical tyre stiffness and a non-linear progressive one of the unloaded radius on the rotational speed. The resulting rotational speed induced behaviour of the static and effective tyre radius is approximated with sufficient accuracy by the enhanced model. With the presented semi-physical modelling approach and identified rotational speed induced tyre behaviour, applications such as ABS, iTPMS or driving simulators can be enhanced.
Two Higgs doublets, effective interactions and a strong first-order electroweak phase transition
Authors: Anisha  , Biermann Lisa , Englert Christoph , Mühlleitner Margarete 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
It is well-known that type II two Higgs doublet models (2HDMs) can struggle to facilitate a strong first-order electroweak phase transition in the early universe whilst remaining theoretically appealing scenarios for many reasons. We analyse this apparent shortfall from the perspective of additional new physics. Starting from a consistent dimension-6 effective field theory Higgs potential extension, we identify the Higgs potential extensions that provide the necessary additional contributions required to achieve a strong first-order electroweak phase transition and trace their phenomenological implications for the Large Hadron Collider. In passing, we critically assess the reliability of the dimension-6 approximation depending on the expected 2HDM phenomenology. In particular, we focus on the role of Higgs pair production (resonant and non-resonant) and interference effects expected in top final states, which are the prime candidates of 2HDM exotics discoveries.
The next-to-leading order Higgs impact factor in the infinite top-mass limit
Authors: Celiberto Francesco Giovanni , Fucilla Michael , Ivanov Dmitry Yu. , Mohammed Mohammed M. A. , Papa Alessandro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We calculate the next-to-leading order correction to the impact factor (vertex) for the production of a forward Higgs boson, obtained in the infinite top-mass limit. We present the result both in the momentum representation and as superposition of the eigenfunctions of the leading-order BFKL kernel. This impact factor is a necessary ingredient for the description of the inclusive hadroproduction of a forward Higgs in the limit of small Bjorken x, as well as for the study of inclusive forward emissions of a Higgs boson in association with a backward identified object.
On Type IIA AdS3 solutions and massive GK geometries
Authors: Couzens Christopher , Macpherson Niall T. , Passias Achilleas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We give necessary and sufficient conditions for warped AdS3 (and Mink3) solutions of Type II supergravities to preserve 𝒩 = (2, 0) supersymmetry, in terms of geometric conditions on their internal space M7. Such solutions possess a canonical ten-dimensional Killing vector that can be either time-like or null. In this work we classify the null case in massive Type IIA supergravity which necessitates that M7 decomposes as a circle fibration over a six-dimensional base with orthogonal SU(2)-structure containing a complex four-manifold. We narrow our focus to solutions for which M7 becomes 𝕋2 fibred over a foliation of a Kähler manifold over an interval. We find a class of solutions which are the massive Type IIA version of GK geometries and present an extremal problem which computes the central charge of the solution using just topology. Finally, we present geometric conditions for AdS3 solutions to preserve arbitrary extended chiral supersymmetry.
The Soundproof Model of an Acoustic–internal Waves System with Low Stratification
Authors: Bresch Didier , Klein Rupert , Liu Xin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis work is devoted to investigating a compressible fluid system with low stratification, which is driven by fast acoustic waves and internal waves. The approximation using a soundproof model is justified. More precisely, the soundproof model captures the dynamics of both the non-oscillating mean flows and the oscillating internal waves, while filters out the fast acoustic waves, of the compressible system with or without initial acoustic waves. Moreover, the fast-slow oscillation structure is investigated.
Integral comparisons of nonnegative positive definite functions on LCA groups
Authors: Gaál Marcell , Révész Szilárd Gy. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the following questions. Let $$\mu , \nu $$

μ
,
ν

be two regular Borel measures of finite total variation. When do we have a constant C satisfying $$\begin{aligned} \int f d\nu \le C \int f d\mu \end{aligned}$$

∫
f
d
ν
≤
C
∫
f
d
μ

whenever f is a continuous nonnegative positive definite function? How the admissible constants C can be characterized, and what is their optimal value? We first discuss the problem in locally compact abelian groups. Then we make further specializations when the Borel measures $$\mu , \nu $$

μ
,
ν

are both either purely atomic or absolutely continuous with respect to a reference Haar measure. In addition, we prove a duality conjecture posed in our former paper.
The genetic backbone of ankylosing spondylitis: how knowledge of genetic susceptibility informs our understanding and management of disease
Authors: Kenyon Marcus , Maguire Sinead , Rueda Pujol Anna , O’Shea Finbar , McManus Ross 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is a seronegative, chronic inflammatory arthritis with high genetic burden. A strong association with HLA-B27 has long been established, but to date its contribution to disease aetiology remains unresolved. Recent insights through genome wide studies reveal an increasing array of immunogenetic risk variants extraneous to the HLA complex in AS cohorts. These genetic traits build a complex profile of disease causality, highlighting several molecular pathways associated with the condition. This and other evidence strongly implicatesT-cell-driven pathology, revolving around theThelper 17 cell subset as an important contributor to disease. This prominence of theThelper 17 cell subset has presented the opportunity for therapeutic intervention through inhibition of interleukins 17 and 23 which driveThelper 17 activity. While targeting of interleukin 17 has proven effective, this success has not been replicated with interleukin 23 inhibition in AS patients. Evidence points to significant genetic diversity between AS patients which may, in part, explain the observed refractoriness among a proportion of patients. In this review we discuss the impact of genetics on our understanding of AS and its relationship with closely linked pathologies. We further explore how genetics can be used in the development of therapeutics and as a tool to assist in the diagnosis and management of patients. This evidence indicates that genetic profiling should play a role in the clinician’s choice of therapy as part of a precision medicine strategy towards disease management.
Flexible energy-saving strategies in female temperate-zone bats
Authors: Keicher Lara , Shipley J. Ryan , Komar Ewa , Ruczyński Ireneusz , Schaeffer Paul J. , Dechmann Dina K. N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTorpor is characterized by an extreme reduction in metabolism and a common energy-saving strategy of heterothermic animals. Torpor is often associated with cold temperatures, but in the last decades, more diverse and flexible forms of torpor have been described. For example, tropical bat species maintain a low metabolism and heart rate at high ambient and body temperatures. We investigated whether bats (Nyctalus noctula) from the cooler temperate European regions also show this form of torpor with metabolic inhibition at high body temperatures, and whether this would be as pronounced in reproductive as in non-reproductive bats. We simultaneously measured metabolic rate, heart rate, and skin temperature in non-reproductive and pregnant females at a range of ambient temperatures. We found that they can decouple metabolic rate and heart rate from body temperature: they maintained an extremely low metabolism and heart rate when exposed to ambient temperatures changing from 0 to 32.5 °C, irrespective of reproductive status. When we simulated natural temperature conditions, all non-reproductive bats used torpor throughout the experiment. Pregnant bats used variable strategies from torpor, to maintaining normothermy, or a combination of both. Even a short torpor bout during the day saved up to 33% of the bats' total energy expenditure. Especially at higher temperatures, heart rate was a much better predictor of metabolic rate than skin temperature. We suggest that the capability to flexibly save energy across a range of ambient temperatures within and between reproductive states may be an important ability of these bats and possibly other temperate-zone heterotherms.
An interface-enriched generalized finite element formulation for locking-free coupling of non-conforming discretizations and contact
Authors: Liu Dongyu , van den Boom Sanne J. , Simone Angelo , Aragón Alejandro M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe propose an enriched finite element formulation to address the computational modeling of contact problems and the coupling of non-conforming discretizations in the small deformation setting. The displacement field is augmented by enriched terms that are associated with generalized degrees of freedom collocated along non-conforming interfaces or contact surfaces. The enrichment strategy effectively produces an enriched node-to-node discretization that can be used with any constraint enforcement criterion; this is demonstrated with both multi-point constraints and Lagrange multipliers, the latter in a generalized Newton implementation where both primal and Lagrange multiplier fields are updated simultaneously. We show that the node-to-node enrichment ensures continuity of the displacement field—without locking—in mesh coupling problems, and that tractions are transferred accurately at contact interfaces without the need for stabilization. We also show the formulation is stable with respect to the condition number of the stiffness matrix by using a simple Jacobi-like diagonal preconditioner.
Continuous models combining slacks-based measures of efficiency and super-efficiency
Authors: Bolós Vicente J. , Benítez Rafael , Coll-Serrano Vicente 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the framework of data envelopment analysis (DEA), Tone (Eur J Oper Res 130(3):498–509, 2001) introduced the slacks-based measure (SBM) of efficiency, which is a nonradial model that incorporates all the slacks of the evaluated decision-making units (DMUs) into their efficiency scores, unlike classical radial efficiency models. Next, Tone (Eur J Oper Res 143(1):32–41, 2002) developed the SBM super-efficiency model in order to differentiate and rank efficient DMUs, whose SBM efficiency scores are always 1. However, as pointed out by Chen (Eur J Oper Res 226(2):258–267, 2013), some interpretation problems arise when the so-called super-efficiency projections are weakly efficient, leading to an overestimation of the SBM super-efficiency score. Moreover, this overestimation is closely related to discontinuity issues when implementing SBM super-efficiency in conjunction with SBM efficiency. Chen (Eur J Oper Res 226(2):258–267, 2013) and Chen et al. (Ann Oper Res 278(1):101–121, 2019) treated these problems, but they did not arrive to a fully satisfactory solution. In this paper, we review these papers and propose a new complementary score, called composite SBM, that actually fixes the discontinuity problems by counteracting the overestimation of the SBM super-efficiency score. Moreover, we extend the composite SBM model to different orientations and variable returns to scale, and propose additive versions. Finally, we give examples and state some open problems.
Genetic polymorphisms and decreased protein expression of ABCG2 urate transporters are associated with susceptibility to gout, disease severity and renal-overload hyperuricemia
Authors: Pálinkás Márton , Szabó Edit , Kulin Anna , Mózner Orsolya , Rásonyi Rita , Juhász Péter , Nagy Krisztina , Várady György , Vörös Dóra , Zámbó Boglárka , Sarkadi Balázs , Poór Gyula 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGout is a common crystal induced disease of high personal and social burden, characterised by severe arthritis and comorbidity if untreated. Impaired function of ABCG2 transporter is causative in gout and may be responsible for renal-overload type hyperuricemia. Despite its importance, there is limited information on how clinical parameters correlate with protein expression and that with genetic changes. Urate and clinical parameters of 78 gouty patients and healthy controls were measured among standardised circumstances from a Hungarian population. ABCG2 membrane expression of red blood cells was determined by flow cytometry-based method and SNPs of this protein were analysed by TaqMan-based qPCR. The prevalence of ABCG2 functional polymorphisms in gouty and control patients were 32.1 and 13.7%, respectively. Most common SNP was Q141K while one sample with R236X, R383C and the lately described M71V were found in the gouty population. These polymorphisms showed strong linkage with decreased protein expression while the latter was also associated with higher fractional urate excretion (FUE) and urinary urate excretion (UUE). This study firstly evaluated ABCG2 protein expression in a clinically defined gouty population while also proving its associations between ABCG2 genetic changes and renal-overload hyperuricemia. The paper also highlighted relations between ABCG2 SNPs, gout susceptibility and disease severity characterised by an early onset disease with frequent flares and tophi formation.