bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On‐farm comparison in grain quality between main and ratoon crops of ratoon rice in Hubei Province, Central China
Authors: Yuan Shen , Yang Chen , Yu Xing , Zheng Chang , Xiao Sen , Xu Le , Cui Kehui , Huang Jianliang , Peng Shaobing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDWhile ratoon rice has been increasingly practiced by farmers recently in China, on‐farm performance in grain quality of main and ratoon crops in the mechanized rice ratooning system is less studied and remains poorly understood. Therefore, a multi‐location on‐farm survey was conducted to collect rice grain samples from farmers’ fields to determine grain quality of main and ratoon crops of ratoon rice at 12 locations across Hubei Province, central China, in 2016.RESULTSOn average, milled and head rice percentage in the ratoon crop was 70.2% and 65.7%, which was significantly higher than in the main crop, whereas chalky grain percentage and grain chalkiness in ratoon crop (10.1% and 2.8%, respectively) were significantly lower than those in the main crop (36.6% and 14.2%, respectively). The differences in these quality traits between the two crops were consistent at all locations. Averaged across 12 locations, scores of translucency and gel consistency were significantly lower but amylose content and alkali spreading value were significantly higher in the ratoon crop than in the main crop, with the difference between the two crops varying in gel consistency by location.CONCLUSIONOverall, grain quality, especially milling and appearance of the ratoon crop, was superior to the main crop in the mechanized rice ratooning system. As a result, this study emphasizes the potential role of the rice ratooning system in other regions with a similar biophysical background producing high‐quality rice. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Biochar affects greenhouse gas emissions in various environments: A critical review
Authors: Lyu Honghong , Zhang Hui , Chu Mengwei , Zhang Chengfang , Tang Jingchun , Chang Scott X. , Mašek Ondřej , Ok Yong Sik 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBiochar application to the soil is a novel approach to carbon sequestration. Biochar application affects the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as CO2, CH4, and N2O, from different environments (e.g., upland soils, rice paddies and wetlands, and composting environments). In this review, the effect of biochar on GHGs emissions from the above three typical environments are critically evaluated based on a literature analysis. First, the properties of biochar and engineered biochar related to GHGs emissions was reviewed, targeting its relationship with climate change mitigation. Then, a meta‐analysis was conducted to assess the effect of biochar on the emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O in different environments, and the relevant mechanisms. Several parameters were identified as the main influencing factors in the meta‐analysis, including the pH of the biochar, feedstock type, pyrolysis temperature, biochar application rate, C/N ratio of the biochar, and experimental scale. An overall suppression effect among different environments was found, in the following order for different greenhouse gases: N2O > CH4 > CO2. We conclude that biochar can change the physicochemical properties of soil and compost in different environments, which further shapes the microbial community in a specific environment. Biochar addition affects CO2 emissions by influencing oligotrophic and copiotrophic bacteria; CH4 emissions by regulating the abundance of functional genes, such as mcrA (a methanogen) and pmoA (a methanotroph); and N2O emissions by controlling N‐cycling functional genes, including amoA, nirS, nirK, nosZ. Finally, future research directions for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions through biochar application are suggested.
Low‐dose aspirin confers protection against acute cellular allograft rejection after primary liver transplantation
Authors: Oberkofler Christian E. , Raptis Dimitri A. , Müller Philip C. , Sousa da Silva Richard X. , Lehmann Kuno , Ito Takahiro , Owen Timothy , Pollok Joerg‐Matthias , Parente Alessandro , Schlegel Andrea , Peralta Peregrina , Winter Erin , Selzner Markus , Fodor Margot , Maglione Manuel , Jaklitsch Manuel , Marques Hugo P. , Chavez‐Villa Mariana , Contreras Alan , Kron Philipp , Lodge Peter , Alford Scott , Rana Abbas , Magistri Paolo , Di Benedetto Fabrizio , Johnson Bethany , Kirchner Varvara , Bauldrick Francis , Halazun Karim J. , Ghamarnedjad Omid , Mehrabi Arianeb , Basto Samanta Teixeira , Fernandes Eduardo S. M. , Paladini Jose , de Santibañes Martin , Florman Sander , Tabrizian Parissa , Dutkowski Philipp , Clavien Pierre‐Alain , Busuttil Ronald W. , Kaldas Fady M. , Petrowsky Henrik 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of low‐dose aspirin in primary adult liver transplantation (LT) on acute cellular rejection (ACR) as well as arterial patency rates. The use of low‐dose aspirin after LT is practiced by many transplant centers to minimize the risk of hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT), although solid recommendations do not exist. However, aspirin also possesses potent anti‐inflammatory properties and might mitigate inflammatory processes after LT, such as rejection. Therefore, we hypothesized that the use of aspirin after LT has a protective effect against ACR. This is an international, multicenter cohort study of primary adult deceased donor LT. The study included 17 high‐volume LT centers and covered the 3‐year period from 2013 to 2015 to allow a minimum 5‐year follow‐up. In this cohort of 2365 patients, prophylactic antiplatelet therapy with low‐dose aspirin was administered in 1436 recipients (61%). The 1‐year rejection‐free survival rate was 89% in the aspirin group versus 82% in the no‐aspirin group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63–0.94; p = 0.01). The 1‐year primary arterial patency rates were 99% in the aspirin group and 96% in the no‐aspirin group with an HR of 0.23 (95% CI, 0.13–0.40; p < 0.001). Low‐dose aspirin was associated with a lower risk of ACR and HAT after LT, especially in the first vulnerable year after transplantation. Therefore, low‐dose aspirin use after primary LT should be evaluated to protect the liver graft from ACR and to maintain arterial patency.
Sperm‐derived RNAs improve the efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) through promoting R‐loop formation
Authors: Liu Zidong , Chen Qiang , You Xueni , Wu Xiaodong , Liu Ruifang , Li Tao , Gao Leilei , Chen Xiaoxu , Lei Anmin , Zeng Wenxian , Zheng Yi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMammalian sperm and oocytes are haploid cells that carry parental genetic and epigenetic information for their progeny. The cytoplasm of oocytes is also capable of reprograming somatic cells to establish totipotency through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). However, epigenetic barriers seriously counteract SCNT reprogramming. Here, we found that sperm‐derived RNAs elevated chromatin accessibility of nuclear donor cells concurrent with the appearance of increased RNA amount and decreased cell proliferation, instead of activating DNA damage response. Additionally, tri‐methylation of lysine 9 on histone H3 (H3K9me3) and the H3K9 methyltransferase SUV39H2 were significantly downregulated by the sperm‐derived RNA treatment. Our findings thus raise a fascinating possibility that sperm RNA‐induced R‐loops may activate gene expression and chromatin structure, thereby promoting SCNT reprogramming.
Determining the earliest directly dated cremation tombs in Neolithic China via multidisciplinary approaches: A case study at Laohudun site
Authors: Yan Yuqian , Ge Wei , Wang Yile , Xu Changqing , Wu Yuanfei , Cui Tao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe practice of cremation has been commonly documented in Chinese archaeological reports, although related scientific evidence and specific analysis are uncommon. In this study, 10 possibly burned human bone fragments recovered from the Laohudun archaeological site in Jing'an County, Jiangxi Province, were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to provide solid evidence for determining the nature of the ancient bones, with one modern unheated pig bone as a control sample. The level of heating was estimated using calculated indicators of SF, C/P, index of (961 + 1022 + 1061), and SEM morphological alterations. Nine of the Neolithic bone samples had experienced high temperatures, whereas the Han Dynasty sample is unheated. One of the burned bones was directly dated to 4800–4400 BP via radiocarbon AMS. The thermal history of the bone remains at Laohudun is clarified in this study, supporting the interpretation the Neolithic tombs are cremated. This study not only chronicles the use of cremation tombs in China back to the Neolithic period but also establishes a scientific foundation for future research into related funeral customs.
Adolescent and parent perspectives on genomic sequencing to inform cancer care
Authors: Sedig Laura K. , Jacobs Michelle F. , Mody Rajen J. , Le Lan Q. , Bartnik Natalie J. , Gornick Michele C. , Anderson Bailey , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Roberts J. Scott 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNext‐generation sequencing offers opportunities for targeted cancer therapies and may identify pathogenic germline variants. Adolescents’ perception of testing is not well understood. We surveyed 16 adolescents and 59 parents regarding motivations, attitudes, and knowledge related to paired tumor/germline sequencing. Participants generally had a good objective understanding of germline genetics and cancer risk, with parents scoring higher than adolescents. Nearly all participants were motivated by a desire to help other patients and to treat their child/themselves. Most adolescents reported involvement in the decision to enroll in the study. Study findings suggest important similarities and differences between parent and adolescent views.
High‐frequency temperature monitoring at home using a wearable device: A case series of early fever detection and antibiotic administration for febrile neutropenia with bacteremia
Authors: Nessle Charles Nathaniel , Flora Christopher , Sandford Erin , Choi Sung Won , Tewari Muneesh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe present a case series of three febrile episodes in neutropenic pediatric cancer patients who wore a Food and Drug Administration approved high‐frequency temperature monitoring (HFTM) wearable device (WD) at home. The WD detected fever events when temperature monitoring by thermometer did not detect fever or was not feasible to perform. Two of the episodes were associated with bloodstream infections and the WD detected fevers 5 and 12 h prior to fevers detected by thermometer, triggering earlier medical evaluation and more prompt administration of antibiotics. These observations provide a basis for future investigation of home‐based HFTM to improve infection‐related outcomes in pediatric oncology.
A case presenting with a major depressive episode with palilalia and difficulty opening eyes as prodromal symptoms of progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Matsuzawa Koji , Yokoyama Yuichi , Watanabe Yuichiro , Wakasugi Takahiro , Someya Toshiyuki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disease and patients with PSP frequently experience depression. However, there have been few reports of patients with major depressive disorder as an antecedent diagnosis of PSP. Here, we report a case who presented with a major depressive episode with palilalia and difficulty in opening his eyes as prodromal symptoms of PSP.Case PresentationA Japanese man developed his first major depressive episode at the age of 75 years. At 76 years old, the patient developed palilalia and difficulty in opening his eyes, which worsened with anxiety and agitation. His depression symptoms were not alleviated following treatment with several antidepressants. He gradually became less depressed but more apathetic. Subsequently, he experienced falls and developed nuchal and axial rigidity. Magnetic resonance imaging and 123I‐ioflupane single‐photon emission tomography showed predominant midbrain atrophy and postsynaptic striatal dopaminergic degeneration, respectively. He was diagnosed as having symptoms suggestive of PSP at the age of 80 years. The combination of sertraline and aripiprazole reduced his anxiety and agitation. Botulinum toxin treatment provided partial relief for his difficulty in eye opening.ConclusionSome patients, such as the current case, develop a major depressive episode at the onset of PSP and present to a psychiatrist. Psychiatrists should therefore be aware of the possibility of a major depressive episode with non‐specific symptoms preceding the onset of the core clinical features of PSP.
Synthesis and property of EPEG‐based polycarboxylate ether superplasticizers via RAFT polymerization
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Tang Xinde , Zhang Cuizhen , Lu Xiao , Guo Haichao , Li Xuefan , Pang Laixue , Yang Yong , Dong Fuying 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPolycarboxylate ether superplasticizers (PCEs) with comb‐shaped molecular structures have attracted considerable attention in the area of admixtures for construction engineering. However, there are some contradictions in studying the relationship between the molecular structure and property of PCE due to its random structure based on traditional free radical polymerization, which is confused for designing and developing novel PCEs. In this article, a series of reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization‐based polycarboxylate ether superplasticizers (RPCs) were prepared by the copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and ethylene‐glycol monovinyl polyethylene glycol (EPEG). The chemical structure and composition of RPCs were characterized and their adsorption behavior and dispersion properties were conducted. The results demonstrate that the molecular weights of RPCs do not vary significantly with prolonging reaction time, and the actual monomer ratio in RPCs displays a significant change to the feed one due to the monomer reactivity and conversion at higher reaction temperature, which is different from conventional free radical polymerization. The dispersion and adsorption properties of RPCs to cement were evaluated by slurry fluidity tests and total organic carbon (TOC) experiments. The effect of polymerization temperature and time on the dispersion ability has been systematically studied. The results indicate that the dispersion ability and adsorption capacity of RPCs are closely related to their molecular structures. The dispersion ability of RPCs were enhanced with increasing carboxyl group density in a certain range of monomer molar ratios (≤6:1). This study will provide a new platform for designing and developing high‐performance and rational cost‐effective superplasticizers with well‐defined structure and controlled molecular weight.
Portal hypertension in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Challenges and perspectives
Authors: Miao Lei , Targher Giovanni , Byrne Christopher D. , Valenti Luca , Qi Xiaolong , Zheng Ming‐Hua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD‐related cirrhosis is often complicated by portal hypertension (PHT). Recent evidence showed that portal venous pressure (PVP) starts to rise in the early stages of NAFLD, even in absence of advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. However, the precise pathological mechanisms of this process are still poorly understood. Lipid accumulation, hepatocellular ballooning, sinusoidal endothelial cell dysfunction, capillarization, microthrombosis, increased angiogenesis, and pericellular fibrosis may all be involved in the early development of increased PVP in NAFLD. Direct measurement of PHT is invasive and impractical in noncirrhotic NAFLD individuals and may also underestimate its severity. Thus, the development and validation of noninvasive and more accurate measurements, including new serum biomarkers, scoring models, and imaging techniques (such as ultrasonography, elastography, and magnetic resonance imaging), are urgently needed. Owing to the increasing morbidity, challenges in the prevention and management of PHT in NAFLD are unprecedented. This review article aims to briefly discuss these challenges and summarizes the mechanisms, diagnosis, and emerging therapies for PHT in people with NAFLD.
Cider and dessert apples: What is the difference?
Authors: Soomro Tayab , Watts Sophie , Migicovsky Zoë , Myles Sean 
Published: June 2022

Societal Impact StatementApples are among the most widely consumed fruits in the world, with a third of all apples being pressed into apple juice or fermented into cider. Cider has grown in popularity in Canada and the United States, and North American cider makers are increasingly interested in using traditional European ‘cider apples’ rather than using commonly grown ‘dessert apples’ that are grown primarily for fresh consumption. While we find that commonly grown dessert apples do differ from European cider apples for a small number of cider making characteristics, our results show that dessert apples are most often indistinguishable from cider apples across 10 traits. Our work provides a first step towards quantifying the differences between these two apple types.
Pharmacokinetics of extrafine beclometasone dipropionate/formoterol fumarate/glycopyrronium bromide in adolescent and adult patients with asthma
Authors: Kuna Piotr , Jerzynska Joanna , Martini Matteo , Vele Andrea , Barneschi Irene , Mariotti Fabrizia , Georges George , Ciurlia Giorgia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe single‐inhaler extrafine formulation triple combination beclometasone dipropionate (BDP), formoterol fumarate (FF) plus glycopyrronium bromide (GB) is available for asthma management in adults. Its use in adolescents has not yet been evaluated. This study investigated the pharmacokinetic profile of BDP/FF/GB in adults and adolescents, with the aim of ruling out higher plasma exposure in adolescents compared to adults. In this open‐label, non‐randomized study, patients with asthma aged 12–17 (adolescents) and 18–64 years (adults) self‐administered a single dose of BDP/FF/GB 400/24/50 μg via pressurized metered‐dose inhaler (pMDI). The primary objective was to rule out higher systemic exposure to beclometasone 17‐monopropionate (B17MP; active metabolite of BDP), formoterol, and GB in terms of the area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from 0 to the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0–t) in adolescents versus adults. A total of 40 adolescents and 40 adults entered the study (mean age of 14.8 and 43.6 years, respectively). The primary objective (AUC0–t) was met, with the upper 90% confidence interval of the geometric mean ratio between adolescents and adults <125% for B17MP (point estimate 79.28 [90% CI 71.19; 88.29]), formoterol (88.68 [77.71; 101.20]) and GB (85.49 [72.96; 100.16]). All secondary pharmacokinetic endpoints supported the primary, with pharmacodynamic (safety) and tolerability results similar in the two populations. In conclusion, systemic exposure to extrafine BDP/FF/GB pMDI in adolescents was not higher than that in adults. Furthermore, there were no safety or tolerability signals to warrant a reduction in the dose of BDP/FF/GB for adolescents with asthma.
An experimental laboratory reactor for quantitative kinetic studies of disinfection byproduct formation using membrane inlet mass spectrometry
Authors: Larsen Freja Troj , McPherson James Neill , McKenzie Christine Joy , Lauritsen Frants Roager 
Published: June 2022

RationaleThe type and quantity of environmentally problematic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) produced during chlorination of water depend on the natural organic matter and organic contaminants that raw water contains, and on the operational conditions of the drinking water treatment process. There is a need for a fast and quantitative method that determines which DBPs are produced and monitors the chemical dynamics during a drinking water treatment.MethodsA small experimental chemical reactor (50 mL) was mounted directly onto the membrane inlet interface of a membrane inlet mass spectrometer (MIMS). In this setup, the membrane was the only separation between the reaction mixture in the chemical reactor and the open ion source of the mass spectrometer 2 cm away. Water samples to be chlorinated were placed in the reactor and the chlorination reaction was initiated by injection of hypochlorite. The formation of intermediates and products was monitored using either full‐scan mass spectra or selected ion monitoring of relevant ions.ResultsAn algorithm for analyte quantification was successfully developed for analysis of the complex mixtures of phenol (a model for waterborne organic compounds), chlorinated intermediates and trihalomethane products which simultaneously pass the membrane into the mass spectrometer. The algorithm is based upon the combined use of standard addition and an internal standard, and all analytes could be quantified at nanomolar concentrations corresponding to realistic water treatment conditions. Experiments carried out in the temperature range 15–60°C showed that the reaction dynamics change with operational parameters, for example in tap versus deionized water.ConclusionsWe have successfully shown that an experimental laboratory reactor directly interfaced with a MIMS can be used for quantitative monitoring of the chemical dynamics during a water treatment. This technique could provide rapid assistance in the optimization of operating parameters for minimizing DBP production.
A balancing act between economic growth and sustainable development: Historical trajectory through the lens of development indicators
Authors: Hirai Tadashi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe evolution of the development discourse is profoundly political. Despite a range of innovations the situation remains much the same, and has led over time to the dominance of the economic growth model. Whilst academic/ideological vigour, policy relevance and institutional support, together with intellectual independence, are essential; too radical an alternative approach would be dismissed by mainstream opinion, either by design or neglect. To survive and to remain influential, any alternative requires the mainstream to engage with it for political feasibility. The development discourse has thus evolved through a delicate balancing act, acknowledging a need for a cautiously optimistic outlook. By tracing changes in two approaches to development (basic needs and human development) and in two global development goals (millennium development goals and sustainable development goals) through their selection and use of indicators, this article explores both the explicit and the implicit power of the mainstream in the past and present alternatives.