bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Einschätzung des Delirrisikos: ein Scoping Review zu den Gütekriterien der Skala Recognizing Acute Delirium As part of your Routine
Authors: Schumacher Petra , Schmied Marten , Schiller Michael , Voyer Philippe , Müller Gerhard 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Diagnose eines Delirs beruht primär auf der Erfassung der klinischen Symptomatik mit akutem Beginn und fluktuierendem Verlauf. In der Literatur werden 5 pflegerische Screeninginstrumente zur Delirrisikoeinschätzung beschrieben, eines davon ist die Skala Recognizing Acute Delirium As part of your Routine (RADAR). Bisher wurde noch keine Literaturübersichtsarbeit zu den Gütekriterien der Skala durchgeführt.ZielDie Literatur zu RADAR zu sichten, um einen Überblick über die testtheoretischen und anwendungsbezogenen Gütekriterien aufzuzeigen.MethodeDas Scoping Review wurde in MEDLINE via PubMed sowie CINAHL und Academic Search Elite via EBSCOhost in der Zeit vom Juni 2019 bis Juli 2019 u. a. mit den Suchbegriffendelir*, screening tool, psychometric propertiesdurchgeführt. Die Checkliste Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews mit ihren 9 Schritten wurde verwendet, um über die angewandte Methode dieses Scoping Review zu berichten.ErgebnisDie Interrater-Reliabilität der RADAR variiert zwischen 82 und 92 % (κ = 0,34–1). Die konvergente Validität mit der Confusion Assessment Method liegt zwischen 36 und 85 % (κ = 0,08–0,42). Die prädiktive Validität wird mit einer Sensitivität von 54,4–100 % und einer Spezifität von 72–85,5 % angegeben (PPV = 12,5–71 %,NPV = 94,2–100 %). Die RADAR ist einfach zu verstehen und kann in weniger als 6 min ausgefüllt werden. Die Akzeptanz wird als hoch angegeben.SchlussfolgerungDie RADAR-Skala scheint ein valides und akzeptiertes Instrument zur Delirrisikoeinschätzung zu sein. Für die deutschsprachige Version werden weitere Validierungsstudien empfohlen.
Design of ECM Functionalized Polycaprolactone Aligned Nanofibers for Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering
Authors: Nune Manasa , Bhat Mahima , Nagarajan Aishwarya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) and its regeneration continue to remain a significant medical burden worldwide. The current treatment strategies used to treat PNI are often associated with multiple complications and yet do not achieve complete motor and sensory functions. Recently, synthetic biodegradable nerve conduits have become one the most commonly used conduits to repair small gaps in nerve injury. But they have not shown better results than nerve grafts possibly because of the lack of biological microenvironment required for axonal growth. Schwann cells play a very crucial role in peripheral nerve regeneration where activated SCs produce multiple neurotrophic factors that help in remyelination and immune modulation during nerve repair. Studies have shown that nanofibrous scaffolds have better bioactivity and more closely mimic the native structure of the extracellular matrix. Therefore, the present study was focused on designing a nanofibrous scaffold that would cover the roles of both structural support for the cells that can provide a microenvironment with biological cues for nerve growth and regeneration.

Methods
Decellularized Schwann cell ECM were spin-coated on polycaprolactone random and aligned nanofibrous scaffolds and their compatibility was evaluated using Schwann cells.

Results
Schwann cells displayed growth in the direction of the aligned PCL nanofibers and ACM treated exhibited appropriate bipolar morphology indicating that these modified fibers could provide directional cues making them highly suitable for neuronal cell growth.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that the fabricated aligned SC-ACM treated PCL scaffolds would be a potential biomaterial to treat peripheral nerve injuries and promote regeneration.

Graphical Abstract
Protein–chromophore interactions controlling photoisomerization in red/green cyanobacteriochromes
Authors: Rockwell Nathan C. , Moreno Marcus V. , Martin Shelley S. , Lagarias J. Clark 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhotoreceptors in the phytochrome superfamily use 15,16-photoisomerization of a linear tetrapyrrole (bilin) chromophore to photoconvert between two states with distinct spectral and biochemical properties. Canonical phytochromes include master regulators of plant growth and development in which light signals trigger interconversion between a red-absorbing 15Z dark-adapted state and a metastable, far-red-absorbing 15E photoproduct state. Distantly related cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs) carry out a diverse range of photoregulatory functions in cyanobacteria and exhibit considerable spectral diversity. One widespread CBCR subfamily typically exhibits a red-absorbing 15Z dark-adapted state similar to that of phytochrome that gives rise to a distinct green-absorbing 15E photoproduct. This red/green CBCR subfamily also includes red-inactive examples that fail to undergo photoconversion, providing an opportunity to study protein–chromophore interactions that either promote photoisomerization or block it. In this work, we identified a conserved lineage of red-inactive CBCRs. This enabled us to identify three substitutions sufficient to block photoisomerization in photoactive red/green CBCRs. The resulting red-inactive variants faithfully replicated the fluorescence and circular dichroism properties of naturally occurring examples. Converse substitutions restored photoconversion in naturally red-inactive CBCRs. This work thus identifies protein–chromophore interactions that control the fate of the excited-state population in red/green cyanobacteriochromes.
Beyond consumption: a qualitative investigation of hospital clinician attitudes to receiving feedback on antimicrobial prescribing quality
Authors: Hughes Gerry , O’ Toole Eilis , Coleman Una , Talento Alida Fe , Doyle Keith , O’ Leary Aisling , Bergin Colm 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background:
Feedback on optimal antimicrobial prescribing to clinicians is an important strategy to ensure antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in the hospital setting.

Objective:
To explore the perceptions of antimicrobial prescribing feedback among clinicians in acute care.

Study design:
Prospective qualitative design.

Setting:
A large inner-city tertiary referral center in Dublin, Ireland.

Participants:
Clinicians were recruited from the hospital clinician population.

Methods:
A qualitative study was conducted with a purposive sample of multidisciplinary clinicians. Focus groups and semistructured interviews were used to collect data that were analyzed inductively to identify themes.

Results:
In total, 30 clinicians from medical, surgical, nursing and pharmacy professions participated in the study. We identified 5 themes: (1) antimicrobial consumption perceived as a proxy measure for prescribing quality; (2) lack of connection between antimicrobial prescribing and patient outcomes; (3) relevance and impact of antimicrobial prescribing feedback associated with professional role; (4) attitudes regarding feedback as an AMS strategy; and (5) knowledge regarding AMS, including antimicrobial prescribing quality measures.

Conclusions:
Focused feedback on antimicrobial prescribing, with clear goals for improvement, could serve as a useful AMS strategy among clinicians in the acute-care setting. The need for further education and training in AMS was also identified.
Is Teledentistry a Feasible Alternative for People Who Need Special Care?
Authors: Omezli Mehmet Melih , Torul Damla , Yilmaz Eyup Birkan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of this study is to explore the feasibility and acceptability of teledentistry as a vehicle that provides enhanced delivery of oral care for the people who need special care (PNSC).

Methods:
Between January 2018 and September 2020, PNSC who were admitted in the study were either waiting for a follow-up (F) appointment or on a waiting list. An examination via video call was carried out for initial examination (IE) and F purposes. The virtual examination was scored by the clinician who performed the examinations. The experience of the participants was evaluated with a satisfaction questionnaire.

Results:
Forty PNSC (26 females, 14 males) between ages 7 and 48 years (21.17 ± 10.62) participated in the study. According to the clinician ratings, the accuracy of the examination was rated as the lowest. The F group had higher scores when compared to the IE group regarding clinician rating. No significant differences were found in terms of the scoring of the clinician and patient/parent satisfaction regarding cooperation status and type of examination (P ≥ 0.05).

Conclusions:
Through adequate adaptation of the technology into clinical practice and overcoming the barriers for wider implementation, the teledentistry approach could be a reliable and feasible alternative in triaging, treatment planning, and F purposes for PNSC.
Landed Nation: Land Reform and Ethnic Diversity in the Interwar Polish Parliament
Authors: Marzec Wiktor 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the ethnic entanglements of the land reform debate in the first Polish Diet (1919–1922). Against the backdrop of global comparative studies, interwar Poland, haunted by land hunger, rural poverty, and high concentration of land ownership, is an odd case. Despite conditions conducive to far-reaching land reforms, that is, a high level of inter-elite conflict and semiautocratic order, the Polish reform was very moderate, if not disappointing. Unpacking the series of moves in the debate and the sequence of hairbreadth voting on its shape, I ask why, despite broad acceptance of the reform across the political spectrum, it could not attract enough support to be swiftly executed. The ethnic composition of the country triggered controversies concerning German farmers and peasants of the ethnically diversified eastern borderlands. Major political parties shared tacit Polish nationalism, but the history of political alignments made the nationalist politicians susceptible to the lobbying of the landed elite and estranged them from peasant parties. The land holdings of nobles were considered a bulwark of the nation, which effectively blocked the alternative idea of integrating the ethnic minorities via land ownership.
DHA turnover in pregnant women using the natural abundance variation of 13C: a pilot study
Authors: Simonato Manuela , Visentin Silvia , Verlato Giovanna , Cosmi Erich , Correani Alessio , Cogo Paola , Carnielli Virgilio Paolo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe importance of DHA to support fetal development and maternal health is well established. In this study, we applied the natural abundance approach to determine the contribution of 200 mg/d of DHA supplement to the plasma DHA pool in nineteen healthy pregnant women. Women received DHA, from week 20 until delivery, from an algal source (n 13, Algae group) or from fish oil (n 6, Fish group) with slightly different content of 13C. We measured plasma phospholipids DHA 13C:12C ratio (reported as δ13C) prior to supplementation (T0), after 10 (T1) and 90 days (T2) and prior to delivery (T3). The δ13C of DHA in algae and fish supplements were −15·8 (sd 0·2) mUr and −25·3 (sd 0·2) mUr (P < 0·001). DHA δ13C in the Algae group increased from −27·7 (sd 1·6) mUr (T0) to −21·9 (sd 2·2) mUr (T3) (P < 0·001), whereas there were not significant changes in the Fish group (–27·8 (sd 0·9) mUr at T0 and −27·3 (sd 1·1) mUr at T3, P = 0·09). In the Algae group, 200 mg/d of DHA contributed to the plasma phospholipid pool by a median value of 53 % (31–75 % minimum and maximum). This estimation was not possible in the Fish group. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of assessing the contribution of DHA from an algal source to the plasma DHA pool in pregnant women by the natural abundance approach. Plasma δ13C DHA did not change when consuming DHA of fish origin, with almost the same δ13C value of that of the pre-supplementation plasma δ13C DHA.
Prevalence and maternal determinants of early and late introduction of complementary foods: results from the Growing Up in New Zealand cohort study
Authors: Ferreira Sara Silva , Marchioni Dirce Maria Lobo , Wall Clare Rosemary , Gerritsen Sarah , Teixeira Juliana Araujo , Grant Cameron C. , Morton Susan M. B. , Gontijo de Castro Teresa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA nationally generalisable cohort (n 5770) was used to determine the prevalence of non-timely (early/late) introduction of complementary food and core food groups and associations with maternal sociodemographic and health behaviours in New Zealand (NZ). Variables describing maternal characteristics and infant food introduction were sourced, respectively, from interviews completed antenatally and during late infancy. The NZ Infant Feeding Guidelines were used to define early (≤ 4 months) and late (≥ 7 months) introduction. Associations were examined using multivariable multinomial regression, presented as adjusted relative risk ratios and 95 % confidence intervals (RRR; 95% CI). Complementary food introduction was early for 40·2 % and late for 3·2 %. The prevalence of early food group introduction were fruit/vegetables (23·8 %), breads/cereals (36·3 %), iron-rich foods (34·1 %) and of late were meat/meat alternatives (45·9 %), dairy products (46·2 %) and fruits/vegetables (9·9 %). Compared with infants with timely food introduction, risk of early food introduction was increased for infants: breastfed < 6months (2·52; 2·19–2·90), whose mothers were < 30 years old (1·69; 1·46–1·94), had a diploma/trade certificate v. tertiary education (1·39; 1·1–1·70), of Māori v. European ethnicity (1·40; 1·12–1·75) or smoked during pregnancy (1·88; 1·44–2·46). Risk of late food introduction decreased for infants breastfed < 6 months (0·47; 0.27–0·80) and increased for infants whose mothers had secondary v. tertiary education (2·04; 1·16–3·60) were of Asian v. European ethnicity (2·22; 1·35, 3·63) or did not attend childbirth preparation classes (2·23; 1·24–4·01). Non-timely food introduction, specifically early food introduction, is prevalent in NZ. Interventions to improve food introduction timeliness should be ethnic-specific and support longer breast-feeding.
Trust and Debt Contracting: Evidence From the Backdating Scandal
Authors: Fotak Veljko , Jiang Feng (Jack) , Lee Haekwon , Lie Erik 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe study the effect of trust on debt contracting. We find that, after the revelation of option backdating, borrowers that likely backdated their previous option grants pay higher interest rates on loans. This adverse effect is mitigated by CEO replacements. Results are similar for public debt, but only if a third party identified the backdaters. After the backdating revelation, firms that engaged in backdating increase their reliance on public debt, and those without access to the public debt market experience capital constraints.
Traumatic brain injury and risk of subsequent attempted suicide and violent crime
Authors: Ineson Katrine M. , Erlangsen Annette , Nordentoft Merete , Benros Michael E. , Madsen Trine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause long-lasting sequelae that may increase the risk of suicidal or criminal behaviour, but large-scale longitudinal studies are lacking on the link between TBI and events of suicide attempt and violent crime. This study examined the incidence of suicide attempt and violent crime following hospital contact for TBI in a nationwide cohort study.MethodsWe used nationwide register data covering all individuals aged 10+ living in Denmark during 1980–2016 (n = 7 783 951). Of these, 587 522 individuals had a hospital contact for TBI. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated by Poisson regression analyses while adjusted for relevant covariates including other fractures and psychiatric diagnoses.ResultsIndividuals with TBI had higher rates of suicide attempt (females IRR, 2.78; 95% CI 2.71–2.85; males IRR, 3.00; 95% CI 2.93–3.08) compared to individuals without TBI in adjusted analyses. Multiple TBI and temporal proximity to TBI were associated with higher rates of suicide attempt. Individuals with TBI had higher rates of violent crime (females IRR, 2.43; 95% CI 2.36–2.49; males IRR, 1.80, 95% CI 1.78–1.82) compared with individuals without TBI. Higher rates of violent crime were found after multiple TBI and temporal proximity to TBI.ConclusionsThis nationwide cohort study found higher rates of suicide attempt and violent crime among individuals with prior hospital diagnosed TBI, compared with individuals without TBI. This emphasises the need for preventive efforts immediately after TBI diagnosis, which might mitigate the risks of a trajectory toward suicidal or violent behaviours.
Use of vector formalism in the analysis of hydrophobic and electric driving forces in biological assemblies
Authors: Mozo-Villarías Angel , Cedano Juan A. , Querol Enrique 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Hydrophobic forces are known to have a crucial part not only in the conformation of the three-dimensional structure of proteins, but also in the build-up of DNA–protein complexes. Electric forces also play an important role both in the tertiary as well in the quaternary structure of macromolecular associations. Sometimes both hydrophobic and electric interactions add up their strengths to accomplish these structures but in most cases they act in opposite directions. This fact, together with being overall interactions with different ranges, provides a nuanced equilibrium also modulated by the need to comply with steric hindrances and geometric frustration effects. This review focuses on the utility of using the hydrophobic and electrical dipole moment vectors to describe the interactions that give rise to the structures of biological macromolecules. Although different definitions of both electric dipole and hydrophobic moments have been described in the literature, results obtained in biological assemblies demonstrate the principle of the biological membrane model. According to this model, postulated by our group, biological macromolecules tend to associate by aligning their hydrophobic moments in a similar manner to phospholipids in a membrane. Examples of both closed and open structures are used to assess the predictability of our model. We seek agreement between our results with those described in the current literature. The review ends with possible future projections using this formalism.
Public Reporting of Performance Indicators in Long-Term Care in Canada: Does it Make a Difference?
Authors: Poldrugovac Mircha , Amuah Joseph Emmanuel , Wei-Randall Helen , Sidhom Patricia , Morris Kathleen , Allin Sara , Klazinga Niek , Kringos Dionne 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEvidence of the impact of public reporting of health care performance on quality improvement is not yet sufficient for definitive conclusions to be drawn, despite the important policy implications. This study explored the association of public reporting of performance indicators of long-term care facilities in Canada with performance trends. We considered 16 performance indicators in long-term care in Canada, 8 of which are publicly reported at a facility level, whereas the other 8 are not publicly reported, between the fiscal years 2011–2012 and 2018–2019. Data from 1,087 long-term care facilities were included. Improving trends were observed among publicly reported indicators more often than among indicators that were not publicly reported. Our analysis also suggests that the association between publication of data and improvement is stronger among indicators for which there was no improvement prior to publication and among the worst performing facilities.
The Origin of Earth's Mantle Nitrogen: Primordial or Early Biogeochemical Cycling?
Authors: Kurokawa H. , Laneuville M. , Li Y. , Zhang N. , Fujii Y. , Sakuraba H. , Houser C. , Cleaves H. J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEarth's mantle nitrogen (N) content is comparable to that found in its N‐rich atmosphere. Mantle N has been proposed to be primordial or sourced by later subduction, yet its origin has not been elucidated. Here we model N partitioning during the magma ocean stage following planet formation and the subsequent cycling between the surface and mantle over Earth history using argon (Ar) and N isotopes as tracers. The partitioning model, constrained by Ar, shows that only about 10% of the total N content can be trapped in the solidified mantle due to N's low solubility in magma and low partitioning coefficients in minerals in oxidized conditions supported from geophysical and geochemical studies. A possible solution for the primordial origin is that Earth had about 10 times more N at the time of magma ocean solidification. We show that the excess N could be removed by impact erosion during late accretion. The cycling model, constrained by N isotopes, shows that mantle N can originate from efficient N subduction, if the sedimentary N burial rate on early Earth is comparable to that of modern Earth. Such a high N burial rate requires biotic processing. Finally, our model provides a methodology to distinguish the two possible origins with future analysis of the surface and mantle N isotope record.
Residence Time of Over‐Steepened Rock Masses in an Active Mountain Range
Authors: Li Gen K. , Moon Seulgi , Higa Justin T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn uplifting mountains, hillslopes steepen toward a threshold angle set by substrate material strength. Hillslopes beyond the threshold angle, referred to as excess topography, are mechanically unstable. The residence time scale of rock masses in excess topography (Tex) is critical for understanding time scales of surface processes and landscape evolution in steep mountains. However, Tex remains loosely constrained for varying slopes and lithologies. Here, we calculate Tex in the eastern Tibetan mountains by quantifying excess topography across lithologies, long‐term landslide erosion rates caused by seismicity and climate, and exhumation rates. Tex increases with local slope angles and is of the same order of magnitude across different lithologies but slightly longer for metamorphic rocks. Range‐scale Tex is estimated as ∼61–157 kyr, ∼3–9% of the relief‐rejuvenation timespan of threshold topography. Similar Tex regardless of lithologies and methods suggest steady‐state construction and erosion of excess topography over thousand to million years time scales in this orogen.