bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ENERGIA SOLAR NO BRASIL: histórico e planejamento energético
Authors: Shimomaebara Lena Ayano , Peyerl Drielli 
Published: January 2022

Este estudo analisa como as leis e políticas públicas nacionais, no período de 1970 a 2019, influenciaram a inserção da energia solar no Brasil, junto a projeções baseadas no Plano Decenal de Expansão de Energia 2029 (PDE 2029). Utilizao método Policy Cycleparaavaliar os resultados das políticas públicas identificadas no período histórico. Verifica que ainda existem diversos gargalos a serem identificados e superados para a consolidação nacionalda energia solar. A principal limitação desta pesquisa concentra-se na impossibilidade de apresentar um cenário completo do sistema político, dada a metodologia adotada. Como resultado, para aproveitar o potencial de expansão da energia solar no Brasil, fomentado pelo PDE 2029, requer-se o aprimoramento constante das barreiras identificadase do planejamento energético nacional discutidos neste trabalho.SOLAR ENERGY IN BRAZIL: historical and energy planningAbstractThis study analyzes how national laws and public policies, in the period from 1970 to 2019, influenced the insertion of solar energy in Brazil, along with projections based on the Decennial Energy Expansion Plan 2029(PDE 2029). The Policy Cycle method was used to evaluate the results of public policies identified in the historical period. It was found that there are stillseveral bottlenecks to be identified and overcame for the national consolidation of solar energy. The main limitation of this research focuses on the impossibility of presenting a complete picture of the political system, given the methodology adopted. The results show that constant improvement of the identified barriers and national energy planning discussed in this study are required to take advantage of the potential for expanding solar energy in Brazil, fostered by the Decennial EnergyExpansion Plan 2029.Keywords: Solar energy; Public policies; Brazil.
Pengembangan Media MisBook dalam Pembelajaran Cerita Imajinasi bagi Siswa Kelas VII
Authors: Fahriyanti Alvira Jasmin Eka , Mulyaningtyas Rahmawati 
Published: January 2022

Imaginary story learning, that is taught for grade VII on one of the basic competencies 4.4, presents any ideas in the form of imaginary stories orally and literally with spesific attention to the structure, use of language, and oral aspects. Generally,the students often get difficulty in conveying their ideas, both in oral and written form. In addition, the students do not fully understand the material so that it has an impact on the low motivation of students in participating in learning. Therefore, there is a need for media innovation in learning imaginary stories to maximize the learning outcomes. Based on these problems, this article elaborates the development of the MisBook learning media (missions in the book) which is applied in learning imaginary stories. The method used in this research is research and development method. The objectives of this research include (1) developing MisBook media in learning imaginary stories for grade VII students; (2) describe the results of the properness test of the use of the MisBook learning media. The results shows that the MisBook learning media deserves to be applied in learning imaginary stories. The results of the small group trial consisting of 5 seventh grade students shows that the MissBook media is interesting and easy to use. Expert trials shows several things that must be improved from the MisBook media including clarifying the writing of the material to be conveyed; adding the media usage instructions; adding the examples according to theoretical concepts; etc.
Mini Special Issue on the Role of Quantitative Questionnaire Surveys on the “Build Back Better” Component of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015–2030): The Life Recovery Survey Five Years After the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Hayashi Haruo , Tamura Keiko , Kimura Reo 
Published: January 2022

This special issue focuses on “Build Back Better,” which is the key concept of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015–2030). The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction provides United Nations member states and economies concrete actions to protect their economic development achievements from disaster risk. However, how “Build Back Better” can be measured and linked to disaster risk reduction remain unclear.
Three papers here analyze the results of the “Life Recovery Survey Five Years After the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake,” which was conducted in June of 2016. The first Life Recovery Survey was conducted four years after the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake to document the extent to which the disaster victims had been able to rebuild their lives. Subsequently, the survey was conducted every two years until ten years after the earthquake. The survey was also conducted in the areas affected by the 2004 Niigata Chuetsu Earthquake and the 2007 Niigata Chuetsu-Oki Earthquake. Five years after the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011, the present authors conducted a survey to document the actual situation of the disaster victims in Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima prefectures, which were the hardest hit by the disaster.
In addition, we analyzed the history of Nankai Trough earthquakes with the goal of preparing for the next Nankai Trough earthquake, which is predicted to occur in the near future. These results make it possible to identify issues and make recommendations on the kinds of systems that should be implemented.
It is our hope that this special issue will provide basic data to elucidate these issues.
PRODUKSI KELAS PREKARIAT OLEH PERGURUAN TINGGI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Saktiyanti Jahja Rusfadia 
Published: January 2022

Studi ini menjelaskan praktik sosial produksi kelas prekariat yang dilakukan oleh perguruan tinggi di Indonesia. Berbeda dengan studi-studi terdahulu yang lebih melihat praktik diskriminasi sosial pada prekariat (Standing,2010; Yasih 2019). Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam dan analisis data sekunder terhadap kondisi pekerja kontrak di perkotaan. Studi ini lebih menjelaskan bagaimana perguruan tinggi sebagai institusi pendidikan turut berkontribusi melahirkan prekariat-prekariat baru. Hal ini kemudian dilegitimasi oleh berbagai peraturan ketenagakerjaan dan kurikulum pendidikan yang sangat berorientasi pada kebutuhan pasar tenaga kerja. Di sisi lain, perguruan tinggi dengan desain kurikulum kampus merdeka harus menyesuaikan diri dengan selera pasar, perkembangan teknologi dan globalisasi yang dibalut dengan keterbatasan infrastruktur.
A Healthy Indonesian Traditional Food Against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria (MRSA)
Authors: Masri Mashuri , Hafsan Hafsan , Ibrahim Ibrahim , Maretha Delima Engga , Tridesianti Siska 
Published: January 2022

<p class="Default"><em>Penjang Pangi merupakan makanan tradisional yang terdiri atas bawang putih (Allium sativum), sereh (Cymbopogon citratus), pangi (Pangium edule). Pada penelitian ini, Penjang pangi di ekstrak dengan pelarut n-heksan, etanol dan methanol, masing masing pada konsentrasi 5%, 10%, dan 15%. Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak Penjang Pangi di uji ke Bakteri Methicillin Resisten Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) dengan menggunakan metode difusi agar kertas cakram. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pelarut n-heksan dan etanol tidak memperlihatkan aktivitas antibakteri. Metanol 15% memperlihatkan aktivitas antibakteri dengan rata-rata zona hambat yang dibentuk 15 mm, 13.67 mm, dan 13 mm. Daya hambat yang dibentuk ekstrak Penjang Pangi tergolong sangat aktif, karena diatas &gt;8 mm.</em></p><p class="Default"><strong> </strong></p><p class="Default"><strong><em>Kata kunci</em></strong><em>: Aktivitas antibakteri, Penjang Pangi, Bakteri Methicillin Resisten Staphylococcus aureus.</em></p>
Sustainable Recovery: Post-Pandemic Transitioning
Authors: Ben-Naceur Kamel 
Published: January 2022

The world’s recovery from the pandemic is still fragile. Progress has been made in global vaccinations with 7.3 billion doses administrated by early November (51% of the world’s population having received at least one dose of vaccine). However, there is a huge disparity between countries such as the UAE, which is leading with more than 98% of its population vaccinated, compared to some African countries with less than 2% coverage.
We are also seeing the emergence of a fifth wave of COVID-19 cases in the Northern Hemisphere, possibly because of the loosening of protection requirements. On the positive side, people’s mobility patterns have nearly recovered for land transportation. The International Air Transport Association, which monitors airline activity, noted a surge in travel bookings for the second half of 2022. This is a welcome relief for the airline industry, which has seen its worst crisis in more than 60 years, and recovery could be occurring before the anticipated time frame of 2025.
The ability to travel safely is a critical requirement for SPE’s larger in-person events. The 2021 Annual Technology Conference and Exhibition (ATCE) held in Dubai a few weeks ago was excellent. ATCE sessions remain available on demand, so please check some very engaging discussions/presentations.
We held a handful of hybrid events in November, including a large ADIPEC in Abu Dhabi and the first SPE Eastern Europe Subsurface Conference in Kyiv, Ukraine. Congratulations to the new Kyiv section that opened last month—great work by the volunteers, the supporting organizations, and the SPE support staff. The number of events will be increasing over the coming months, in particular the in-person part of Offshore Europe in February 2022 (the virtual conference was held in September 2021).
We also held the SPE YP Congress in November (congratulations to the Young Member Engagement Committee and the volunteers). The event attracted many YPs and students from around the world to brainstorm via “ideathon” teams about innovative solutions to make the energy industry more sustainable.
I was invited to the COP26 in Glasgow last month and had the opportunity to discuss critical aspects of the energy transition. As demonstrated by the IPCC Assessment Report 6, WG1, published in August, there are very concerning trends about the evolution of mean surface temperatures. The COP21 meeting in Paris in 2015 raised the level of ambition for action to safeguard our planet, but the Accord left some undefined clauses such as Article 6, which “aims at promoting integrated, holistic, and balanced approaches that will assist governments in implementing their National Determined Contributions through voluntary international cooperation.” A properly designated cooperation mechanism would establish a policy foundation for a global emission trading system.
Gazprom Neft Courts Middle East NOCs With Digital Technologies as it Seeks Bigger Role in the Region
Authors: Jacobs Trent 
Published: January 2022

Far from the Siberian gas fields that it is best known for producing, Gazprom Neft—the oil-focused subsidiary of Gazprom—is taking steps toward a larger footprint in the Middle East. The Russian oil company said it wants to open doors in the region by opening up its portfolio of advanced technologies to national oil companies (NOCs) there.
To that end, Gazprom Neft chose this year’s SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition (ATCE) held in Dubai to showcase half a dozen proprietary developments, some of which remain in the R&D phase while others are being used companywide. They included an in-house-developed hydraulic fracturing simulator, drilling advisory and automation software, a new material for drill bits, and digital twins for its facilities.
Each represents a major investment of time and resources, but the majority state-owned Gazprom Neft said it doesn’t necessarily want cash from those who might use the fruits of its labor; it wants relationships.
“We are not a sales company, we are an oil and gas company,” said Roman Sokolov, the manager of international technology scouting and commercialization at Gazprom Neft. Speaking from the company’s booth at the industry conference, he explained that Gazprom Neft is looking to exchange experiences with other operators “rather than commercializing in the traditional sense.
“Essentially, we are open to partnerships and that’s why we are here—to show [what] we have in our portfolios and see what people are offering,” he added.
Unlike several of the largest US and European oil companies, Gazprom Neft’s Middle East exposure today is relatively modest. It operates a single development, the Sarqala field in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, where production is reported to be about 33,000 B/D.
In 2019, however, Gazprom Neft began its quest to enter the growing UAE market by inking a wide-ranging collaboration agreement with the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) spanning everything from joint assessments of concession blocks to sharing digital technologies.
At ATCE, the Gazprom Neft delegation made clear it wants to build stronger ties with other NOCs too, including Dubai’s Dragon Oil and Abu Dhabi’s Mubadala Petroleum.
Gazprom Neft’s new friendship campaign comes against the backdrop of economic sanctions that the US and members of the European Union imposed on Russia following its military actions against Ukraine in 2014. As a result, Russian energy companies have been forced to rely more on domestic innovation to keep pace with international rivals on things such as the digital revolution and shale production.
This is of course a position that is somewhat familiar to the Russian oil and gas story. As many remember, it was Russian engineers working inside the then Soviet Union who are credited with making key advances in horizontal drilling during the Cold War in the 1960s.
North Africa Builds Back With the Rise of Egypt and East Med Gas
Authors: Szymczak Pat Davis 
Published: January 2022

With Europe facing winter gas shortages, North Africa’s role as an energy supplier is in the spotlight, particularly as Algeria’s 1 November closure of the Maghreb–Europe Gas Pipeline to Spain via Morocco further tightens volumes of gas that Europe can import.
The International Energy Agency (IEA) projects a 40% drop in Europe’s domestic gas production by 2025 outside of Norway, with the Netherlands and the UK accounting for more than 80% of that decrease.
The Netherlands is closing its Groningen field, source of almost half the country’s production in 2019 but also a cause of earthquakes. Its output will be cut by more than 50% to 3.9 Bcm in the year through October 2022, which will be the last year of regular production, according to the Dutch government. The UK cannot seem to offset declining North Sea production despite Total’s 2018 Glendronach discovery in the West of the Shetland Island area and its 2019 Glengorm discovery in the central North Sea with China’s CNOOC.
Norwegian production remains flat, averaging 120 Bcm per year over the next 5 years, the IEA reports.
And despite the energy policy voiced from Brussels that focuses mostly on renewables, few in the know dispute that gas is and will remain a critical component of the energy transition moving forward for transport, power generation, and as a feedstock to produce hydrogen.
North Africa can provide gas—specifically from the Eastern Mediterranean where Egypt, Israel, Cyprus, and Greece are developing a world-class resource base while Cairo positions itself, buoyed by support from the EU and the US, as a regional hub for pipeline gas to Europe as well as LNG and electricity distribution between North Africa, the Middle East, and Europe.

North Africa’s Future Shifts From Sand to Deep Water
Eni is Egypt’s largest gas producer. The Italian major is active across the North African upstream, investing in new exploration in Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria, but its crown jewel is Egypt’s Zohr gas field in which it has a 50% operator interest and partners with Russia’s Rosneft (30%), BP (10%), and Abu Dhabi’s Mubadala Petroleum (10%).
The Zohr gas field is located in the Shorouk concession which Eni holds under a production-sharing agreement with Egypt. Situated 190 km north of Port Said, Zohr is Egypt’s largest-ever gas discovery and the largest-ever discovery in the Mediterranean Sea.
Eni brought Zohr’s gas on stream in record time, 2 years after the field’s initial discovery in 2015, according to the company’s website.
Production reached a targeted 2.7 Bcf/D in August 2019, nearly 5 months ahead of plan, due to the swift completion of eight land-based treatment units including those for sulfur removal, as well as the commissioning of three wells and a second 30-in., 216-km-long gas pipeline to join underwater production facilities to the land-based treatment plant, Eni reported.
Eni’s 2020 plan included drilling of two more production wells to boost gross capacity to 3,200 MMscf/D and the upgrading of subsea facilities and onshore treatment.
Benchmarking Study Finds Additional Potential of Ultimate Recovery Factor Across Kuwait
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: January 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 203422, “Benchmarking of Ultimate Recovery Factor Across Kuwait: Unlocking Additional Potential,” by Mohammad Al-Ghanemi, Prashant Dhote, SPE, and Anup Bora, Kuwait Oil Company, et al., prepared for the 2020 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, held virtually 9–12 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
A countrywide benchmarking of ultimate recovery factor (URF) for oil reservoirs in Kuwait is presented in the complete paper. The results of this study have been useful in supporting identification of long-term opportunities for the operator and have influenced the creation of conceptual development plans for newly discovered prospects. The study focused on the reservoir complexity index (RCI) method and global analogs to identify development opportunities and improvements to the URF in the brown and green fields of Kuwait.

Approach to Reservoir Benchmarking
The recovery factor of a reservoir is a function of reservoir characteristics such as structural compartmentalization, depositional continuity, reservoir net-to-gross, permeability, fluid type, pressure, and field-development choices such as recovery process, well-completion type, and well spacing. Therefore, to benchmark reservoir performance appropriately, it is important to consider those factors relevant to the reservoir being studied. Additionally, limited value exists in using an analog with the “correct” reservoir geology and fluid properties if the development scheme is not also considered.
The study provides an objective procedure to measure the uncertainty in reservoir complexity and characterization. It also identifies and documents appropriate analog data derived from internal company and commercial third-party databases.
Selection of Analog Reservoirs - The process for gathering appropriate analog reservoirs does not seek to identify a single perfect analog. Instead, it aims to analyze key reservoir characteristics and field-development methods to identify groups of analogs, which in aggregate can represent a reasonable comparison with a study reservoir. The philosophy is to select a range of analog reservoirs based on the key parameters that influence URF.
Study Examines Incremental Method vs. Split Conditions in Reserves Booking
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: January 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 206104, “Incremental Method vs. Split Conditions: Discussing the Similarities Between Reserves Evaluation and a Madoff Scheme,” by Dominique Salacz, SPE, and Farid Allam, SPE, ADNOC, and Imre Szilagyi, Eötvös Loránd University, et al., prepared for the 2021 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dubai, 21–23 September. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
After the oil-price crashes of 2014 and 2020, several merger and acquisition deals ended in litigation because operators canceled major projects or infills wells that were booked in “probable” reserves only. In the complete paper, the authors challenge the compatibility between the deterministic incremental reserve assessment method and the concept of split condition, which is not allowed for reserves booking under the Petroleum Resources Management System (PRMS). With some examples, the authors argue that the incremental method may mislead investors if used wrongly.

The Two Approaches
PRMS is a simple, fit-for-purpose system. However, it still allows for reporting volumes under slightly different methods that may lead to very different results based on the definition adopted for the “project” by the evaluator. The text of the PRMS is quoted extensively in the complete paper in defining these methods.
The authors write that the deterministic incremental method seems to be favored by evaluators educated under, or heavily exposed to, pre-2010 US Securities and Exchange Commission regulations, in which proved reserves were only disclosed. Under this approach, the term “proven” generally refers to recoverable volumes expected from the partition of the reservoir with a high degree of confidence related to the high level of geological knowledge.
The authors also write that the deterministic scenario method, on the other hand, evidently is favored by evaluators and engineers with less exposure to the pre-2010 guidelines. This method provides three estimates (low, best, and high) for every individual project.

Comparing the Two Methods
The study-case accumulation is defined by a simple structural trap controlled by a top seal and a fault on the western side of the asset (Fig. 2 of the complete paper). Oil has been discovered by Well W1, which hit the permeable top at 9,695 ft near the structure’s crest. For mechanical reasons, drilling operations were stopped and the lowest known hydrocarbon sets the oil down to (ODT) at 9,785 ft, providing a discovered oil column of 90 ft. Horizontal Well WH2 was drilled into the discovered reservoir partition. Today, Well WH2 is the only producing well of the accumulation. Well W1 will be reperforated during a workover to produce the attic oil of the reservoir.
Because the well did not reach the aquifer, a major uncertainty for further development is assigned to oil/water contact (OWC) position. At the current stage of resource maturation, up to 11 additional wells are considered.