bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving oral health‐related quality of life for a child with Hunter's syndrome: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Elkhatib Amira Abdelhafeez 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionHunter's syndrome (HS) is a severe metabolic disorder with heterogeneous multisystemic manifestations including orodental features. The heterogeneity of manifestations of HS, complicate the provision of proper dental care.Case reportA 12 years old male was diagnosed with HS and referred for a comprehensive oral rehabilitation after he failed to receive proper dental care. He was complaining of fractured infected central incisors due to trauma, multiple caries, and poor oral hygiene. Despite his negative behaviour and poor dental history, dental treatment was provided under local anesthesia, using basic behaviour guidance techniques. The treatment outcomes had a positive impact on his behavior toward dental treatment and his oral health. During the first year follow up, there was a significant improve in his oral health‐related quality of life assessed by Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) questionnaire.ConclusionThis report highlighted the importance of proper referral and treatment of the necessary dental needs for patients with HS. Pediatric dentists need to work together with pediatricians to promote oral health, and formulate educational programs to eliminate barriers to necessary dental care suitable for each patient's need.
Physical activity, diet quality and all-cause cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality: a prospective study of 346 627 UK Biobank participants
Authors: Ding Ding , Van Buskirk Joe , Nguyen Binh , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Elbarbary Mona , Veronese Nicola , Clare Philip J , Lee I-Min , Ekelund Ulf , Fontana Luigi 
Published: July 2022

Objectives
To examine independent and interactive associations of physical activity and diet with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and physical activity, diet and adiposity-related (PDAR) cancer mortality.

Methods
This population-based prospective cohort study (n=346 627) is based on the UK Biobank data with linkage to the National Health Service death records to 30 April 2020. A left-truncated Cox proportional hazards model was fitted to examine the associations between exposures (self-reported total moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA) and a diet quality index (score ranged 0–3)) and outcomes (all-cause, CVD and PDAR cancer mortality).

Results
During a median follow-up of 11.2 years, 13 869 participants died from all causes, 2650 from CVD and 4522 from PDAR cancers. Compared with quartile 1 (Q1, 0–210 min/week), Q2–Q4 of MVPA were associated with lower risks of all-cause (HR ranged from 0.87 (95% CI: 0.83 to 0.91) to 0.91 (95% CI: 0.87 to 0.96)), CVD (HR ranged from 0.85 (95% CI: 0.76 to 0.95) to 0.90 (95% CI: 0.81 to 1.00)) and PDAR cancer mortality (HR ranged from 0.86 (95% CI: 0.79 to 0.93) to 0.94 (95% CI: 0.86 to 1.02)). Compared with no VPA, any VPA was associated with lower risk for all-cause and CVD mortality (HR ranged from 0.85 (95% CI: 0.80 to 0.89) to 0.88 (95% CI: 0.84 to 0.93) and from 0.75 (95% CI: 0.68 to 0.83) to 0.90 (95% CI: 0.80 to 1.02), respectively). Although not reaching statistical significance for all-cause and CVD mortality, being in the best dietary category (diet quality index=2–3) was associated with a reduction in PDAR cancer mortality (HR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.78 to 0.93). No additive or multiplicative interactions between physical activity categories and dietary quality was found. When comparing across physical activity and diet combinations, the lowest risk combinations consistently included the higher levels of physical activity and the highest diet quality score.

Conclusions
Adhering to both quality diet and sufficient physical activity is important for optimally reducing the risk of mortality from all causes, CVD and PDAR cancers.
Electronic nudge tool technology used in the critical care and peri-anaesthetic setting: a scoping review protocol
Authors: McIlmurray Lisa , Blackwood Bronagh , Dempster Martin , Kee Frank , Gillan Charles , Hagan Rachael , Lohfeld Lynne , Shyamsundar Murali 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionElectronic clinical decision support (eCDS) tools are used to assist clinical decision making. Using computer-generated algorithms with evidence-based rule sets, they alert clinicians to events that require attention. eCDS tools generating alerts using nudge principles present clinicians with evidence-based clinical treatment options to guide clinician behaviour without restricting freedom of choice. Although eCDS tools have shown beneficial outcomes, challenges exist with regard to their acceptability most likely related to implementation. Furthermore, the pace of progress in this field has allowed little time to effectively evaluate the experience of the intended user. This scoping review aims to examine the development and implementation strategies, and the impact on the end user of eCDS tools that generate alerts using nudge principles, specifically in the critical care and peri-anaesthetic setting.Methods and analysisThis review will follow the Arksey and O’Malley framework. A search will be conducted of literature published in the last 15 years in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Web of Science and SAGE databases. Citation screening and data extraction will be performed by two independent reviewers. Extracted data will include context, e-nudge tool type and design features, development, implementation strategies and associated impact on end users.Ethics and disseminationThis scoping review will synthesise published literature therefore ethical approval is not required. Review findings will be published in topic relevant peer-reviewed journals and associated conferences.
Extrapolating evidence for molecularly targeted therapies from common to rare cancers: a scoping review of methodological guidance
Authors: Cho Doah , Cheyne Saskia , Lord Sarah J , Simes John , Lee Chee Khoon 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesCancer is increasingly classified according to biomarkers that drive tumour growth and therapies developed to target them. In rare biomarker-defined cancers, randomised controlled trials to adequately assess targeted therapies may be infeasible. Extrapolating existing evidence of targeted therapy from common cancers to rare cancers sharing the same biomarker may reduce evidence requirements for regulatory approval in rare cancers. It is unclear whether guidelines exist for extrapolation. We sought to identify methodological guidance for extrapolating evidence from targeted therapies used for common cancers to rare biomarker-defined cancers.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesWebsites of health technology assessment agencies, regulatory bodies, research groups, scientific societies and industry. EBM Reviews—Cochrane Methodology Register and Health Technology Assessment, Embase and MEDLINE databases (1946 to 11 May 2022).Eligibility criteriaPapers proposing a framework or recommendations for extrapolating evidence for rare cancers, small populations and biomarker-defined cancers.Data extraction and synthesisWe extracted framework details where available and guidance for components of extrapolation. We used these components to structure and summarise recommendations.ResultsWe identified 23 papers. One paper provided an extrapolation framework but was not cancer specific. Extrapolation recommendations addressed six distinct components: strategies for grouping cancers as the same biomarker-defined disease; analytical validation requirements of a biomarker test to use across cancer types; strategies to generate control data when a randomised concurrent control arm is infeasible; sources to inform biomarker clinical utility assessment in the absence of prospective clinical evidence; requirements for surrogate endpoints chosen for the rare cancer; and assessing and augmenting safety data in the rare cancer.ConclusionsIn the absence of an established framework, our recommendations for components of extrapolation can be used to guide discussions about interpreting evidence to support extrapolation. The review can inform the development of an extrapolation framework for biomarker-targeted therapies in rare cancers.
Comparison of fracture risk calculators in elderly fallers: a hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Todorov Georgi , Brook Susan , Quah Qin Xian Nicole , Von Widekind Sophia , Freudenthal Bernard , Comninos Alexander N 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveElderly patients presenting with falls are known to carry an extremely high risk of future fragility fractures. Current osteoporosis guidelines recommend using fracture risk calculators such as FRAX, QFracture or Garvan to guide management. However, they differ considerably in their inputs and may therefore provide contrasting risk estimations in certain individuals. In this study, we compare these risk calculators in a high-risk cohort of elderly patients admitted to hospital with falls.DesignHospital-based cross-sectional study.SettingSecondary care, London, UK.ParticipantsData from 120 consecutive elderly patients who had falls presenting to a single hospital over 4 months were collected. 10-year major and hip fracture risks were calculated using FRAX, QFracture and Garvan. 1-year major and hip fracture risks from QFracture were assessed against prospective incidence of fracture.ResultsMedian 10-year major fracture risk was: FRAX 19.5%, QFracture 26.0%, Garvan 32.5%. Median 10-year hip fracture risk was: FRAX 9.6%, QFracture 21.1%, Garvan 6.5%. Correlation between FRAX and QFracture was r=0.672 for major, r=0.676 for hip fracture (both p<0.0001); FRAX and Garvan r=0.778 (p<0.0001) for major, r=0.128 (p=0.206) for hip fracture; QFracture and Garvan r=0.658 (p<0.0001) for major, r=0.318 (p<0.001) for hip fracture. QFracture 1-year predicted major and hip fracture rates were 1.8% and 1.2%, respectively, compared with actual rates of 2.1% and 0%, respectively.ConclusionsAlthough strong correlations between calculators were observed in the study cohort, there were differences of up to 13% between estimated risks. QFracture captured several elderly-specific inputs not considered by other calculators and so projected higher fracture risk than the other calculators. QFracture provided 1-year fracture risks that were comparable with the prospective observed fracture incidence in the cohort. This study has important clinical implications for the use of fracture risk calculators to guide treatment decisions, particularly in the high-risk cohort of elderly patients admitted to hospital following falls.
Effect of HEAT therapy in patiEnts with type 2 Diabetes mellitus (HEATED): protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sebők Judit , Édel Zsófia , Dembrovszky Fanni , Farkas Nelli , Török Zsolt , Balogh Gábor , Péter Mária , Papp Ildiko , Balogi Zsolt , Nusser Nóra , Péter Iván , Hooper Philip , Geiger Paige , Erőss Bálint , Wittmann István , Váncsa Szilárd , Vigh László , Hegyi Péter 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionThe burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide. Heat therapy has been found effective in improving glycaemic control. However, to date, there is a lack of randomised controlled studies investigating the efficacy of heat therapy in T2DM. Therefore, we aim to investigate whether heat therapy with natural thermal mineral water can improve glycaemic control in patients with T2DM.Methods and analysisThe HEAT therapy in patiEnts with type 2 Diabetes mellitus (HEATED) Study is a single-centre, two-arm randomised controlled trial being conducted at Harkány Thermal Rehabilitation Centre in Hungary. Patients with T2DM will be randomly assigned to group A (bath sessions in 38°C natural thermal mineral water) and group B (baths in thermoneutral water (30°C–32°C)). Both groups will complete a maximum of 5 weekly visits, averaging 50–60 visits over the 12-week study. Each session will last 30 min, with a physical check-up before the bath. At baseline, patients’ T2DM status will be investigated thoroughly. Possible microvascular and macrovascular complications of T2DM will be assessed with physical and laboratory examinations. The short form-36 questionnaire will assess the quality of life. Patients will also be evaluated at weeks 4, 8 and 12. The primary endpoint will be the change of glycated haemoglobin from baseline to week 12. An estimated 65 patients will be enrolled per group, with a sample size re-estimation at the enrolment of 50% of the calculated sample size.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Scientific and Research Ethics Committee of the Hungarian Medical Research Council (818-2/2022/EÜIG). Written informed consent is required from all participants. We will disseminate our results to the medical community and will publish our results in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05237219.
Constraining the $${\mathcal {C}}{\mathcal {P}}$$ structure of Higgs-fermion couplings with a global LHC fit, the electron EDM and baryogenesis
Authors: Bahl Henning , Fuchs Elina , Heinemeyer Sven , Katzy Judith , Menen Marco , Peters Krisztian , Saimpert Matthias , Weiglein Georg 
Published: July 2022

Abstract$${\mathcal {C}}{\mathcal {P}}$$

C
P

violation in the Higgs couplings to fermions is an intriguing, but not yet extensively explored possibility. We use inclusive and differential LHC Higgs boson measurements to fit the $${\mathcal {C}}{\mathcal {P}}$$

C
P

structure of the Higgs Yukawa couplings. Starting with simple effective models featuring $${\mathcal {C}}{\mathcal {P}}$$

C
P

violation in a single Higgs–fermion coupling, we probe well-motivated models with up to nine free parameters. We also investigate the complementarity of LHC constraints with the electron electric dipole moment bound, taking into account the possibility of a modified electron Yukawa coupling, and assess to which extent $${\mathcal {C}}{\mathcal {P}}$$

C
P

violation in the Higgs–fermion couplings can contribute to the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe. Even after including the recent analysis of angular correlations in $$H\rightarrow \tau ^+\tau ^-$$

H
→

τ
+

τ
-

decays, we find that a complex tau Yukawa coupling alone may be able to account for the observed baryon asymmetry, but with large uncertainties in the baryogenesis calculation. A combination of complex top and bottom quark Yukawa couplings yields a result four times larger than the sum of their separate contributions, but remains insufficient to account for the observed baryon asymmetry.
MULTIVARIATE DYNAMIC CASH SUB-ADDITIVE RISK MEASURES FOR PROCESSES
Authors: SUN FEI , LUO KUI , FENG YU 
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we study a new class of dynamic risk measures for processes. These new risk measures are derived for the portfolio vectors and adapted to a given filtration. By introducing the notion of discount factor, we deeply analyze the property of cash sub-additivity for these risk measures. Furthermore, by expanding the risk position space, we derive the relationship between these new risk measures and the dynamic convex risk measures introduced by Wei & Hu [(2014) Coherent and convex risk measures for portfolios with applications, Statistics & Probability Letters 90, 114–120]. At last, we establish the representation results for them by making full use of the relationship.
AACR Project GENIE: 100,000 Cases and Beyond
Authors: Pugh Trevor J. , Bell Jonathan L. , Bruce Jeff P. , Doherty Gary J. , Galvin Matthew , Green Michelle F. , Hunter-Zinck Haley , Kumari Priti , Lenoue-Newton Michele L. , Li Marilyn M. , Lindsay James , Mazor Tali , Ovalle Andrea , Sammut Stephen-John , Schultz Nikolaus , Yu Thomas V. , Sweeney Shawn M. , Bernard Brady ,   for the AACR Project GENIE Consortium, Genomics and Analysis Working Group
Published: July 2022

Abstract

The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Project Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange (GENIE) is an international pan-cancer registry with the goal to inform cancer research and clinical care worldwide. Founded in late 2015, the milestone GENIE 9.1-public release contains data from &gt;110,000 tumors from &gt;100,000 people treated at 19 cancer centers from the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands, and Spain. Here, we demonstrate the use of these real-world data, harmonized through a centralized data resource, to accurately predict enrollment on genome-guided trials, discover driver alterations in rare tumors, and identify cancer types without actionable mutations that could benefit from comprehensive genomic analysis. The extensible data infrastructure and governance framework support additional deep patient phenotyping through biopharmaceutical collaborations and expansion to include new data types such as cell-free DNA sequencing. AACR Project GENIE continues to serve a global precision medicine knowledge base of increasing impact to inform clinical decision-making and bring together cancer researchers internationally.

Significance:
AACR Project GENIE has now accrued data from &gt;110,000 tumors, placing it among the largest repository of publicly available, clinically annotated genomic data in the world. GENIE has emerged as a powerful resource to evaluate genome-guided clinical trial design, uncover drivers of cancer subtypes, and inform real-world use of genomic data.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2007
Canopy bridges are an economical mitigation reducing the road barrier effect for three of four species of monkeys in Diani, Kenya
Authors: Cunneyworth Pamela M.K. , Donaldson Andrea , Onyancha Fredrick 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
For primates, canopy bridges can reduce the road barrier effect. Yet little information exists to predict species bridge use. We examined bridge use across a 9 km suburban road in Diani, Kenya, in three survey years (Nbridges: 21 = 2004, 27 = 2011, 29 = 2020) by four sympatric species of monkeys. The asphalt road is 6 m wide with a 50 km/h speed limit. Roadside observers recorded ground () and bridge () crossings, crossing direction, and traffic volume. Colobus (Colobus angolensis palliatus), Sykes’ monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis albogularis), and vervets (Chlorocebus pygerythrus hilgerti) used the bridges while baboons (Papio cynocephalus cynocephalus) rarely did. Crossing rates (Sykes’>vervet>colobus>baboon) did not fit our predictions based on species’ attributes of stratum preference (arboreal>terrestrial) or body mass (small>large), while the interaction between these attributes was more informative. Crossings were bidirectional. Colobus crossed bridges during higher traffic volumes than on the ground, whereas we found the opposite for vervets. Sykes’ monkeys crossed at similar traffic volumes on the ground and bridges. The mean annual bridge cost was USD 157, deriving a cost per crossing as < USD 0.10, though it undervalues the savings in ecosystem services, tourism benefits, and contributions to protecting colobus, a vulnerable species. While we consider this highly economical, funders and road engineers will ultimately determine if it is so.
Between Sale and Worship: Consistent Inconsistencies in Classical Ḥanafī and Mālikī Rulings on Marital Annulments
Authors: Coetsee M. , al-Marakeby M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This essay compares patterns in Ḥanafī and Mālikī rulings about marital annulments and shows how they are connected to differences in how these two schools treated the relationships between marriage, sales, and worship law. Drawing on a variety of jurisprudential texts from the 5th/11th to the 9th/15th centuries, including Ibn Rushd’s (d. 595/1198) Bidāyat al-Mujtahid and Burhān al-Dīn al-Farghānī al-Marghīnānī’s (d. 593/1197) al-Hidāyah, we first show that Ḥanafī and Mālikī rulings on annulments were consistently inconsistent: when they differed, Mālikīs consistently ruled to permit annulments that Ḥanafīs prohibited. Focusing then on annulments based on defects in dower and maintenance, we show how Mālikī rulings manifest a comparatively stronger emphasis on the analogy between marriage and sale, while Ḥanafī rulings manifest a comparatively stronger emphasis on the analogy between marriage and worship. Finally, we discuss how these differences in emphases may help explain the schools’ other divergent rulings on annulments.
Citizen science reveals broad-scale variation of calling activity of the Mediterranean tree frog (Hyla meridionalis) in its westernmost range
Authors: Paracuellos Mariano , Rodríguez-Caballero Emilio , Villanueva Enrique , Santa Mauricio , Alcalde Fernando , Dionisio Miguel Á. , Fernández Cardenete Juan R. , García M. Pilar , Hernández Julio , Tapia Manuel , Yubero Saúl , Cuines Arturo , Larios José , Lorenzo Antonio , Pozo Inmaculada , Avilés Jesús M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Population monitoring is essential to determine different aspects of the ecology and conservation of the species. In anurans, recording the acoustic activity of choruses allows surveying populations. Therefore, knowing the timing of male calls is fundamental to achieve this goal. Here we monitored calling activity of the Mediterranean tree frog (Hyla meridionalis) at eight localities in southern Iberian Peninsula and western North Africa in the frame of a citizen science program. Subsequently, after summarizing call activity with Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling, we aimed to identify the geographic and environmental variables that associate with the calling activity of frogs. The results of the 258-hour census showed that male tree frogs called mainly from December to July, although the duration and intensity of choruses varied, depending on the elevation and seasonality of the water bodies. Males sang earlier and had more durable call activities at lower elevation sites, which are sites with higher and more stable ambient temperatures. Also, calling activity was lower in sites where water fluctuates more over the annual cycle. Our results provide a first overview of the calling activity of the Mediterranean tree frog over a relatively large set of populations encompassing a wide variety of environmental conditions in its westernmost range of distribution. However, further studies relying on more intensive sampling, likely using automatic recorders, would be desirable to achieve a full understanding of the calling activity of tree frogs in the region.
Spatial pattern and shelter distribution of the ocellated lizard (Timon lepidus) in two distinct Mediterranean habitats
Authors: Renet Julien , Dokhelar Théo , Thirion Félix , Tatin Laurent , Pernollet Claire Agnès , Bourgault Laure 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The knowledge of a species’ spatial ecology is essential for its conservation as it helps to implement targeted protection measures to suitable habitats. In 2011 and 2013, two French populations of ocellated lizards Timon lepidus were monitored through very high frequency (VHF) radio telemetry in two distinct Mediterranean habitats: a 77 ha scrubland (n = 8) and a 1590 ha semi-arid steppe (n = 11) corresponding to a heterogeneous and homogeneous habitat respectively. The variability in spatial estimates for the seasonal habitat use of the ocellated lizard was compared within the two sites using the Autocorrelated Kernel Density Estimation (AKDE). Recursive movement patterns and spatial repartition of shelters were further assessed to study the habitat influence on the species’ space use. No significant differences between sexes or sites were identified in the computed AKDE ranges. This inter-site approach demonstrated higher shelter revisits in core-areas than in the rest of estimated home ranges for both sites. A higher shelter density was observed in the core areas of the lizards than in the rest of their home-ranges for the Mediterranean scrubland but not for the semi-arid steppe. Such findings might attest to the species’ adaptive capabilities within two distinct Mediterranean ecosystems.