bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of the Nickel-Catalysed Hydrogenolysis and Cross-Coupling of Aryl Ethers
Authors: Borys Andryj M. , Hevia Eva 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Ni-catalysed hydrogenolysis and cross-coupling of aryl ethers has emerged as a powerful synthetic tool to transform inert phenol-derived electrophiles into functionalised aromatic molecules. This has attracted significant interest due to its potential to convert the lignin fraction of biomass into chemical feedstocks, or to enable orthogonal reactivity and late-stage synthetic modification. Although the scope of nucleophiles employed, and hence the C–C and C–heteroatom bonds that can be forged, has expanded significantly since Wenkert’s seminal work in 1979, mechanistic understanding on how these reactions operate is still uncertain since the comparatively inert Caryl–O bond of aryl ethers challenge the involvement of classical mechanisms involving direct oxidative addition to Ni(0). In this review, we document the different mechanisms that have been proposed in the Ni-catalysed hydrogenolysis and cross-coupling of aryl ethers. These include: (i) direct oxidative addition; (ii) Lewis acid assisted C–O bond cleavage; (iii) anionic nickelates, and; (iv) Ni(I) intermediates. Experimental and theoretical investigations by numerous research groups have generated a pool of knowledge that will undoubtedly facilitate future discoveries in the development of novel Ni-catalysed transformations of aryl ethers.1	Introduction2	Direct Oxidative Addition3	Hydrogenolysis of Aryl Ethers4	Lewis Acid Assisted C–O Bond Cleavage5	Anionic Nickelates6	Ni(I) Intermediates7	The ‘Naphthalene Problem’8	Conclusions and Outlook
A molecular interpretation of the toughness of multiple network elastomers at high temperature
Authors: Slootman Juliette , Yeh C. Joshua , Millereau Pierre , Comtet Jean , Creton Costantino 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Soft materials can be toughened by creating dissipative mechanisms in stretchy matrixes. Yet using them over a wide range of temperatures requires dissipative mechanisms independent of stretch rate or temperature. We show that sacrificial covalent bonds in multiple network elastomers are most useful in toughening elastomers at high temperature and act synergistically with viscoelasticity at lower temperature. We do not attribute this toughening mechanism only to the scission of bonds during crack propagation but propose that the highly stretched network diluted in a stretchy matrix acts by simultaneously stiffening the elastomer and delaying the localization of bond scission and the propagation of a crack. Such a toughening mechanism has never been proposed for elastomers and should guide network design.
Demographic change and assimilation in the early 21st-century United States
Authors: Alba Richard , Maggio Christopher 
Published: March 2022

SignificanceThe contemporary intellectual landscape, dominated by theories about race and racism, has engendered the majority–minority conception of the American future, in which White people are outnumbered by Americans of color by midcentury. But assimilation, as a set of processes with societal ramifications, is still potent, driven by demographic dynamics that generate opportunities for minority mobility, and is linked to increasing family mixing between White and non-White people. The children of these families offer the best window into ongoing assimilation. The binary vision of the majority–minority society needs major modification because of the emergence and growing size of this bridging group. In addition, racism-focused theories need to be complemented by assimilation ideas to grasp the implications of demographic change.
On the sharp lower bound for duality of modulus
Authors: Eriksson-Bique Sylvester , Poggi-Corradini Pietro 
Published: March 2022

We establish a sharp reciprocity inequality for modulus in compact metric spaces

X
X

with finite Hausdorff measure. In particular, when

X
X

is also homeomorphic to a planar rectangle, our result answers a question of K. Rajala and M. Romney [Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn. Math. 44 (2019), pp. 681-692]. More specifically, we obtain a sharp inequality between the modulus of the family of curves connecting two disjoint continua

E
E

and

F
F

in

X
X

and the modulus of the family of surfaces of finite Hausdorff measure that separate

E
E

and

F
F

. The paper also develops approximation techniques, which may be of independent interest.
Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial of a Low-Touch Remotely-Delivered Values Intervention to Promote Adherence to Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy Among Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Arch Joanna J , Crespi Catherine M , Levin Michael E , Genung Sarah R , Nealis Madeline , Mitchell Jill L , Bright Emma E , Albright Karen , Magidson Jessica F , Stanton Annette L 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundOral anti-cancer treatments such as adjuvant endocrine therapies (AET) for breast cancer survivors are commonly used but adherence is a challenge. Few low-touch, scalable interventions exist to increase ET adherence.PurposeTo evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, and initial efficacy of a low-touch, remotely-delivered values plus AET education intervention (REACH) to promote AET adherence.MethodsA mixed-methods trial randomized 88 breast cancer survivors 1:1 to REACH or Education alone. Wisepill real-time electronic adherence monitoring tracked monthly AET adherence during a 1-month baseline through 6-month follow-up (FU) (primary outcome). Patient-reported outcomes were evaluated through 3- and 6-month FU (secondary). Multiple indices of intervention feasibility and acceptability were evaluated. Qualitative exit interviews (n = 38) further assessed participants’ perceptions of feasibility/acceptability and recommendations for intervention adaptation.ResultsThe trial showed strong feasibility and acceptability, with an eligible-to-enrolled rate of 85%, 100% completion of the main intervention sessions, and “good” intervention satisfaction ratings on average. For Wisepill-assessed AET adherence, REACH outperformed Education for Month 1 of FU (p = .027) and not thereafter. Participants in REACH maintained high adherence until Month 4 of FU, whereas in Education, adherence declined significantly in Month 1. Conditions did not differ in self-reported adherence, positive affective attitudes, future intentions, or necessity beliefs. REACH trended toward less negative AET attitudes than Education at 3-month FU (p = .057) reflecting improvement in REACH (p = .004) but not Education (p = .809). Exploratory moderator analyses showed that average to highly positive baseline AET affective attitudes and oncologist-patient communication each predicted higher adherence following REACH than Education; low levels did not. Participants identified recommendations to strengthen the interventions.ConclusionsREACH, a low-touch values intervention, showed good feasibility and acceptability, and initial promise in improving objectively-assessed AET adherence among breast cancer survivors (relative to education alone). Future research should target improving REACH’s tailoring and endurance.
Home infusion pharmacy quality improvement for central venous access devices using anti-reflux needleless connectors to reduce occlusions, emergency room visits, and alteplase costs
Authors: Buzas Bob , Smith Julie , Gilbert Gregory E , Moureau Nancy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Purpose
The study’s purpose was to measure the impact of anti-reflux needleless connector usage in prevention of intraluminal thrombotic occlusions among central venous catheters, as represented by alteplase usage, in a home infusion patient population.

Methods
An18-month before-and-after cohort study of a single home infusion intervention was conducted to compare occlusion outcomes with use of two types of needleless connectors—neutral and anti-reflux—in preventing catheter occlusions, which have been reported to occur in 28% of home infusion patients, resulting in treatment delays, increased nursing encounters and emergency room visits, and higher overall pharmacy costs for supplies and alteplase.

Results
A total of 552,707 patient therapy days were studied: 42.5% in the neutral needleless connector group (n = 235,004 therapy days) and 57.5% in the anti-reflux needleless connector group (n = 317,703 therapy days). The rate of alteplase usage with neutral versus anti-reflux needleless connectors was 4.4% versus 2.2% per 1,000 therapy days, with median alteplase use of 112 (95% CI, 89-169) units versus 82 (95% CI, 68-109) units (P &lt; 0.001). Implementation of anti-reflux connectors reduced occlusions and alteplase usage by 48%.

Conclusion
Statistical evidence demonstrated that use of anti-reflux needleless connectors with central venous access devices reduced the need for alteplase in the study population. Since 10% of patient occlusions were within 7 days after home infusion admission, future research may indicate that placement of anti-reflux needleless connectors at the time of in-hospital insertion can improve patient outcomes. This quality improvement measure reduced central catheter occlusions, alteplase costs, and the number of required nursing and emergency room visits.
EDGE COVID-19: a web platform to generate submission-ready genomes from SARS-CoV-2 sequencing efforts
Authors: Lo Chien-Chi , Shakya Migun , Connor Ryan , Davenport Karen , Flynn Mark , Gutiérrez Adán Myers y , Hu Bin , Li Po-E , Jackson Elais Player , Xu Yan , Chain Patrick S G 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Summary
Genomics has become an essential technology for surveilling emerging infectious disease outbreaks. A range of technologies and strategies for pathogen genome enrichment and sequencing are being used by laboratories worldwide, together with different and sometimes ad hoc, analytical procedures for generating genome sequences. A fully integrated analytical process for raw sequence to consensus genome determination, suited to outbreaks such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, is critical to provide a solid genomic basis for epidemiological analyses and well-informed decision making. We have developed a web-based platform and integrated bioinformatic workflows that help to provide consistent high-quality analysis of SARS-CoV-2 sequencing data generated with either the Illumina or Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT). Using an intuitive web-based interface, this workflow automates data quality control, SARS-CoV-2 reference-based genome variant and consensus calling, lineage determination and provides the ability to submit the consensus sequence and necessary metadata to GenBank, GISAID and INSDC raw data repositories. We tested workflow usability using real world data and validated the accuracy of variant and lineage analysis using several test datasets, and further performed detailed comparisons with results from the COVID-19 Galaxy Project workflow. Our analyses indicate that EC-19 workflows generate high-quality SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Finally, we share a perspective on patterns and impact observed with Illumina versus ONT technologies on workflow congruence and differences.

Availability and implementation
https://edge-covid19.edgebioinformatics.org, and https://github.com/LANL-Bioinformatics/EDGE/tree/SARS-CoV2.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Protective Jurisdiction Under the Hong Kong National Security Law: Legitimacy and Impact
Authors: Hing-chau Lam , Jing Qin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Hong Kong National Security Law is not only applicable in Hong Kong, it has global reach, applying to any breach of its provisions by anyone, regardless of nationality or location. Article 38 of that law expressly states that it is applicable worldwide for offences committed against Hong Kong “from outside the Region by a person who is not a permanent resident of the Region”. Its legal basis is protective jurisdiction, which permits a State to exercise jurisdiction over aliens who have committed an act abroad jeopardising the vital interests of that State. Protective jurisdiction is justified because a State has the right to defend and protect its vital interests. The protection of such interests cannot be left to other States that do not consider such interests to require the protection of criminal law. For these reasons, international law does not impose limits on a State to prescribe rules to assert such jurisdiction. Despite the justification, it is believed that the impact of Article 38 will be limited in practice. It would be difficult for Hong Kong to obtain international cooperation in enforcing this law, given that there are only 19 countries having extradition agreements with Hong Kong (with nine of them having now suspended their agreements) and that it may also require great effort to overcome the legal hurdles, i.e., the extradition refusal grounds, such as the double criminality requirement, non-extradition of nationals of the requested countries, and the political offence exception contained in these extradition agreements.
Acute Kidney Injury Interacts With Coma, Acidosis, and Impaired Perfusion to Significantly Increase Risk of Death in Children With Severe Malaria
Authors: Namazzi Ruth , Opoka Robert , Datta Dibyadyuti , Bangirana Paul , Batte Anthony , Berrens Zachary , Goings Michael J , Schwaderer Andrew L , Conroy Andrea L , John Chandy C 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Mortality in severe malaria remains high in children treated with intravenous artesunate. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of severe malaria, but the interactions between AKI and other complications on the risk of mortality in severe malaria are not well characterized.

Methods
Between 2014 and 2017, 600 children aged 6–48 months to 4 years hospitalized with severe malaria were enrolled in a prospective clinical cohort study evaluating clinical predictors of mortality in children with severe malaria.

Results
The mean age of children in this cohort was 2.1 years (standard deviation, 0.9 years) and 338 children (56.3%) were male. Mortality was 7.3%, and 52.3% of deaths occurred within 12 hours of admission. Coma, acidosis, impaired perfusion, AKI, elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and hyperkalemia were associated with increased mortality (all P &lt; .001). AKI interacted with each risk factor to increase mortality (P &lt; .001 for interaction). Children with clinical indications for dialysis (14.4% of all children) had an increased risk of death compared with those with no indications for dialysis (odds ratio, 6.56; 95% confidence interval, 3.41-12.59).

Conclusions
AKI interacts with coma, acidosis, or impaired perfusion to significantly increase the risk of death in severe malaria. Among children with AKI, those who have hyperkalemia or elevated BUN have a higher risk of death. A better understanding of the causes of these complications of severe malaria, and development and implementation of measures to prevent and treat them, such as dialysis, are needed to reduce mortality in severe malaria.
Equipping SBMs with RBMs: an interpretable approach for analysis of networks with covariates
Authors: Gupta Shubham , K Gururaj , Dukkipati Ambedkar , Castro Rui M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Networks with node covariates offer two advantages to community detection methods, namely, (i) exploit covariates to improve the quality of communities, and more importantly, (ii) interpret the discovered communities by identifying the relative importance of different covariates in them. Recent methods have almost exclusively focused on the first point above. However, the quantitative improvements offered by them are often due to complex black-box models like deep neural networks at the expense of interpretability. Approaches that focus on the second point are either domain specific or have poor performance in practice. This article proposes interpretable, domain-independent statistical models for networks with node covariates that additionally offer good quantitative performance. The proposed models equip Stochastic Block Models with Restricted Boltzmann Machines to provide interpretable insights about the communities and they support both pure and mixed community memberships. Besides providing interpretability, our approach’s main strength is that it does not explicitly assume a causal direction between community memberships and node covariates, making it applicable in diverse domains. We derive efficient inference procedures for our models, which can, in some cases, run in linear time in the number of nodes and edges. Experiments on several synthetic and real-world networks demonstrate that our models achieve close to state-of-the-art performance on community detection and link prediction tasks while also providing interpretations for the discovered communities.
The Many-Sided Franklin Ford and the History of a Post-Discipline
Authors: Trudel Dominique , De Maeyer Juliette 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBuilding on recent works emphasizing the “post-disciplinary” status of communication research, this article explores the implications of this thesis for the history of communication studies. While a portion of the existing historiography fits the disciplinary framework, the post-disciplinary thesis raises theoretical, methodological, and empirical challenges. In order to meet those challenges, we argue that historical research should also be directed toward intellectual and institutional projects that predated or transcended the institutionalization of communication as a discipline. To this end, we revisit the contribution of American journalist Franklin Ford (1849–1918) as an entry point into a historical moment when the study of communication was considered intellectually, socially, and institutionally relevant—for reasons that differ from the post-World War II institutionalization of communication as a discipline. Based on archival research, our approach emphasizes how Ford’s project diverges from the conventional disciplinary histories.
Light-chain cardiac amyloidosis: a case report of extraordinary sustained pathological response to cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone combined therapy
Authors: Porcari Aldostefano , Pagura Linda , Rossi Maddalena , Porrazzo Marika , Dore Franca , Bussani Rossana , Merlo Marco , Sinagra Gianfranco 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Heart involvement represents the most ominous prognostic factor in light-chain amyloidosis (AL), often foreclosing curative therapies such as high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Heart transplantation (HTx) may be considered before ASCT in rigorously selected cases of advanced AL cardiac amyloidosis (CA). In ASCT-ineligible patients, chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone combined (CyBorD) regimen, even at low-dose, is feasible and effective in obtaining hematological and organ response.

Case Summary
A previously healthy 50-year-old woman presented with severely symptomatic new-onset heart with preserved ejection fraction, significant cardiac hypertrophy, and an ‘apical sparing’ pattern. Bone marrow and abdominal fat biopsy revealed AL amyloidosis due to a smouldering micromolecular λ-type myeloma with severe cardiac involvement, and the patient was judged a good candidate to HTx followed by ASCT. Despite fragile conditions, she tolerated a full course of low-dose combination therapy with bortezomib and was withdrawn from HTx list because of unexpected persistent complete hematologic response and major cardiac improvement. Disease remission was achieved in the long term (&gt;3 years).

Discussion
We report a case of exceptional persistent hematologic and cardiac response after CyBorD therapy in a patient with advanced AL-CA who left the transplantation lists (both HTx and ASCT). In ASCT-ineligible patients, chemotherapy with CyBorD regimen, even at low-dose, can lead to durable remission of the disease with excellent cardiac response.
Sensitivity and specificity of 5 min cognitive screening tests in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Gallagher Robyn , Ouyang Meng-Lu , Tofler Geoffrey , Bauman Adrian , Zhao Emma , Weddell Joseph , Naismith Sharon L 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the Canadian Stroke Network (CSN) brief (5 min) screen composed of three items of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients during hospital admission, relative to the full MoCA and potential alternative combinations of other items.Methods and resultsParticipants were consecutively recruited during ACS admission and administered the MoCA before discharge. The three NINDS–CSN screen items were extracted, collated and compared to the full MoCA. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were created to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and appropriate cut-off scores of the screens. The mean age of the sample (n = 81) was 63.49 [standard deviation (SD) 10.85] years and 49.4% screened positive for cognitive impairment. The NINDS–CSN mean score was 9.22 (SD 2.09 of the potential range 0–12). Area under the ROC (AUC) indicated high accuracy levels for screening for cognitive impairment (AUC = 0.89, P &lt; 0.01, 95% confidence interval 0.82, 0.96) with none of the alternative combination screens performing better on both sensitivity and specificity. A cut-off score of ≤10 on the NINDS–CSN protocol provided 83% sensitivity and 80% specificity for classifying cognitive impairment.ConclusionThe NINDS–CSN protocol presents an accurate, feasible screen for cognitive impairment in patients following ACS for use at the bedside and potentially also for telephone screens. Diagnostic accuracy should be confirmed using a neurocognitive battery.
Successions of rare and abundant microbial subcommunities during fish carcass decomposition in a microcosm under the influence of variable factors
Authors: Hilal Mian G , Zhou Rui , Yu Qiaoling , Wang Yijie , Feng Tianshu , Li Xiangkai , Li Huan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAnimal carcasses are hotspots of ecological activity. The study of the role of microbes in carcass decomposition has been exclusively focused on microbes with higher abundance. The comparative study of abundant and rare subcommunities associated with decomposition needs in-depth exploration. The current experiment has been conducted on the decomposition of a fish carcass in a microcosm. We conducted 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the microbial communities. The correlation of the physicochemical properties of tap and Yellow river water with the microbial communities was evaluated. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were found to be the dominant phyla in both abundant and rare subcommunities. Among bacteria, the Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Cyanobacteria were found only in the rare subcommunity. In both subcommunities, the abundance of Proteobacteria was found to increase over time, and that of Firmicutes to decrease. The rare subcommunity shows higher alpha diversity than the abundant one. The variation in the abundant subcommunity was influenced by time and water type, and that in the rare subcommunity was influenced by pH and water type. These results have implications for future research on the ecological role of rare and abundant subcommunities in the decomposition of carcasses in the aquatic ecosystem.