bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical relationship between the omohyoid muscle and the internal jugular vein on ultrasound guidance
Authors: Xiong Zhaodong , Yang Yun , Wang Xinqiang , Mao Weiliang , He Tongyun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Internal jugular vein catheterization is widely used in clinical practice, and there are many related studies on internal jugular vein catheterization. However, the omohyoid muscle, which is adjacent to the internal jugular vein, is a rarely mentioned muscle of the superficial subhyoid muscle group. The purpose of this study is to explore the anatomical relationship between the omohyoid muscle and the internal jugular vein on ultrasound guidance and provide a theoretical reference for jugular puncture and catheterization.Methods: The study included 30 volunteers who were placed in the supine position at head tilt angles of 30°, 45° and 60° angles measured from the top of the head to the left side of the bed. A high-frequency ultrasound probe (6-14 Hz) was used to examine the plane of the sternocleidomastoid triangle (PST), which is formed by the sternocleidomastoid bone and the clavicular head. The upper edge of the clavicle and plane of the lateral sternocleidomastoid margin (PSL) to the right omohyoid muscle (OM) and the right internal jugular vein (IJV) were observed and recorded for statistical analysis.Results: There were statistically significant differences in the number of overlapping cases of OM and IJV at each body angle between the PST and PSL groups. There were statistically significant differences between the OM and IJV centre point angles and the left horizontal position of the PST and PSL at different body angles.Conclusion: The traditional middle route puncture point is the apex of the sternocleidomastoid triangle, which can effectively avoid injury to the omohyoid muscle, to an extent.Trial registration: ChiCTR2000034233. Registered 29 /06/2020.
Biosynthesis of glutamic acid by immobilized Pseudochrobactrum saccharolyticum in a cowpea waste medium
Authors: Adegoke Olaposi O , Kareem Sarafadeen O , Balogun Saka A , Adeogun Abideen I 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
It was tested whether bacteria immobilized on maize cob and corn husk might produce glutamic acid from cowpea waste. Glutamic acid synthesis was tested in bacteria isolates. Organic materials (corn cob and husk) were used as immobilization matrix and then used to produce glutamic acid. The effects of bead size, weight, and reusability were investigated. Glutamic acid production was best with a 2 mm bead size and a 3 kg bead weight. For the surface morphological view of the materials, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used. The samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The validity of a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the analysis of amino acids was determined, as well as the quantities of amino acids present. Immobilized Pseudochrobactrum saccharolyticum produced the highest amount of glutamic acid (9.4 g/L). The bacteria cells that had been immobilized were reused over and over again with no noticeable loss of activity. Nineteen amino acids were found, and these amino acids were separated by HPLC analysis. The outcome of the FTIR study revealed a large number of peaks, revealing the glutamic acid's complicated structure. This research found that bacteria immobilized on corn cobs and husks may successfully use lignocellulolytic materials to generate glutamic acid.
Profile genome-wide DNA methylation of human granulosa cells in primary ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Wang Lina , Gu Baoxia , Zhao Yan , Lu Cuiling , Hu Yahui , Ma Rui , Yin Baoli , Zhang Cuilian , Gao Huafang , Zhen Xiumei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Premature ovarian failure which leads to loss of fertility and low level of estrogen have serlously affected women's physical and mental health, especially, women of child-bearing age. The etiology remains unclear. DNA methylation, as a key epigenetic modification might play an importan role in primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). We explore the whole DNA methylation of POI by whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), and find the pattern of DNA methylation in POI and analyze the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) genes related POI.
Methods
According to clinical and experimental standards, follicular fluid samples were collected from three women with POI and three women with normal ovarian reserve (NOR). Ovarian granulosa cells were purified from each follicular fluid sample. Whole genomic DNA methylation sequencing of the granulosa cells was performed by WGBS.
Results
We obtained whole-genome methylation maps of human granulosa cells. The average percentages of methylated cytosines in CG contexts exceeded 99%, in CHG and CHH contexts was less than 1%. The average methylation level in CG was about 80%, in CHG and CHH was less than 0.4%. there was no significant difference in CpG methylation level between NOR and POI. But there were DMRs between two groups. Distribution of DMRs was enriched in promoter and exon. Differentially methylated genes were used to perform Gene ontology(GO) analysis and enriched in GO items of cellular process, biological regulation, metabolic process, developmental process,binding and catalytic activities.
Conclusion
DNA methylation plays a critical role in POI and serve as resources for further investigation in the future.
Similar But Different: High Prevalence Of Synesthesia In Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR)
Authors: Poerio Giulia , Ueda Manami , Kondo Hirohito M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) is a complex sensory-emotional experience characterized by pleasant tingling sensations originating at the scalp. ASMR is triggered in some people (called ASMR-responders) by stimuli including whispering, personal attention, and crisp sounds (termed ASMR triggers). Since its inception, ASMR has been likened to synesthesia, but convincing empirical data directly linking ASMR with synesthesia is lacking. In this study, we examined whether the prevalence of synesthesia is indeed significantly higher in ASMR-responders than non-responders. A sample of working adults and students (N = 648) were surveyed about their experience with ASMR and common types of synesthesia. The proportion of synesthetes who were classified as ASMR-responders was 52%, whereas 22% of ASMR-responders were also synesthetes. These results suggest that: (1) over half of those identifying as synesthetes also experience ASMR, and (2) that synesthesia is up to four times as common among ASMR-responders as among non-responders (22% vs. 5%). Findings also suggest a prevalence rate for ASMR of approximately 20%. Overall, the co-occurrence of ASMR and synesthesia lends empirical support to the idea that ASMR may be driven by synesthetic mechanisms, but future research would benefit from examining how ASMR and synesthesia are different, as well as similar.
Study on the Network Pharmacological Mechanism of Huanglian Wendan decoction in the treatment of Depression
Authors: Pan Yujing , Wang Junpeng , Gao Jin , Li Haoyang , Chen Hao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
According to statistics, there are about 350 million patients with depression in the world, causing serious social and economic burden. Huanglian Wendan decoction has a certain clinical effect on depression. This study is based on network pharmacology and molecular docking to study the mechanism of Huanglian Wendan decoction in the treatment of depression.
Method
The active components and action targets of Huanglian Wendan decoction were obtained by searching the literature in database, and the related targets of depression were obtained. protein interaction network was constructed by STRING database, component-target network was constructed by Cytoscape3.9.0 software, enrichment analysis was carried out in KEGG database and R software package clusterprofiler, and molecular docking between active components and key antidepressant targets was carried out by AUTODOCK molecular docking software.
Result
We obtained 180 active components of Huanglian Wendan decoction and 171 targets related to depression, among which IL-6, JUN, TNF, TP53 and VEGFA may be the key targets of depression. Through the enrichment analysis of KEGG pathway, we obtained 58 signal pathways related to depression. Molecular docking showed that luteolin could form the best complex with IL-6 and TP53, beta-carotene could form the best complex with JUN and VEGFA, and kaempferol could form the best complex with TP53.
Conclusion
The antidepressant mechanism of Huanglian Wendan decoction may be related to its regulation of inflammatory factors and their activities, and has the potential to be called a complementary or alternative therapy for clinical depression.
Guillain-Barré syndrome and SARS-COV2 coronavirus. Vaccinate or get infected with COVID? What poses less risk?
Authors: Gallego María Dolores Calabria 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Among the neurological diseases possibly associated with COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) infection, Guillain-Barré syndrome has been postulated since the start of the pandemic, even more so when vaccination has also come into play.Objectives: A bibliographic review is carried out to assess the true risks of suffering Guillain-Barré syndrome secondary to vaccination against SARS-COV2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection and of developing it secondary to SARS-COV2 infection.Material and methods: A search for articles was carried out in the PubMed-MEDLINE database between June 2021 and July 2021.Results: The scarcity of studies that can provide solid evidence stands out, with most of the publications being clinical case reports or case series. Two epidemiological studies with contradictory results stand out.Conclusion: With the information currently available, it is not possible to conclude that there is an association between SARS-COV2 infection or secondary to vaccination with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Therefore, the recommendation to avoid vaccination for fear of a recurrence of Guillain-Barré syndrome does not seem to be normative at the present time.
Origin and significance of the human DNase repertoire
Authors: Mori Giulia , Delfino Danila , Pibiri Paola , Rivetti Claudio , Percudani Riccardo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The human genome contains four DNase1 and two DNase2 genes. The origin and functional specialization of this repertoire are not fully understood. Here we use genomics and transcriptomics data to infer the evolutionary history of DNases and investigate their biological significance. Both DNase1 and DNase2 families have expanded in vertebrates since ~650 million years ago before the divergence of jawless and jawed vertebrates. DNase1, DNase1L1, and DNase1L3 co-existed in jawless fish, whereas DNase1L2 originated in amniotes by tandem duplication of DNase1. Among the non-human DNases, DNase1L4 and newly identified DNase1L5 derived from early duplications that were lost in terrestrial vertebrates. The ancestral gene of the DNase2 family, DNase2b, has been conserved in synteny with the Uox gene across 700 million years of animal evolution,while DNase2 originated in jawless fish. DNase1L1 acquired a GPI-anchor for plasma membrane attachment in bony fishes, and DNase1L3 acquired a C-terminal basic peptide for the degradation of microparticle DNA in jawed vertebrates. The appearance of DNase1L2, with a distinct low pH optimum and skin localization, is among the amniote adaptations to life on land. The expansion of the DNase repertoire in vertebrates meets the diversified demand for DNA debris removal in complex multicellular organisms.
Characterization of microtubule associated protein tau isoforms and Alzheimer’s disease-like pathology in normal sheep (Ovis aries) - relevance to their potential as a model of Alzheimer’s disease.
Authors: Davies Emma S. , Morphew Russel M. , Cutress David , Morton A. Jennifer , McBride Sebastian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that accounts for up to 80% of all dementias. Characterised by deteriorations of memory and cognitive function, the key neuropathological features are accumulations of β-amyloid and hyperphosphorylated tau, as ‘plaques’ and ‘tangles’ respectively. Despite extensive study, however, the exact mechanism underlying aggregate formation in Alzheimer’s disease remains elusive, as does the contribution of these aggregates to disease progression. Importantly, a recent evaluation of current Alzheimer’s disease animal models suggested that rodent models are not able to fully recapitulate the pathological intricacies of the disease as it occurs in humans. Therefore, increasing attention is being paid to species that might make good alternatives to rodents for studying the molecular pathology of Alzheimer’s disease. The sheep (Ovis aries) is one such species, although to date there have been few molecular studies relating to Alzheimer’s disease in sheep. Here, we investigated the Alzheimer’s disease relevant histopathological characteristics of twenty-two sheep, using anti-β-amyloid (Abcam 12267 and mOC64) and phosphorylation specific anti-tau (AT8 and S396) antibodies. We identified numerous intraneuronal aggregates of both β-amyloid and tau that are consistent with early Alzheimer’s disease-like pathology. We confirmed the expression of two 3-repeat (1N3R, 2N3R) and two 4-repeat (1N4R, 2N4R) tau isoforms in the ovine brain, which result from the alternative splicing of two tau exons. Finally, we investigated the phosphorylation status of the serine396 residue in thirty sheep, and report that the phosphorylation of this residue begins in sheep aged as young as two years. Together, these data show that sheep exhibit naturally occurring β-amyloid and tau pathologies, that reflect those that occur in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease. This is an important step towards the validation of the sheep as a feasible large animal species in which to model Alzheimer’s disease.
Investigation of a very sensitive refractive index sensor based on waveguide TM mode resonance and design of a plasmonic sensor.
Authors: HamidAbbasi  
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study proposes a highly sensitive refractive index sensor based on the TM wavelength resonance excited in a structure of a plasmonic sensor. The results show that the resonance wavelength will shift significantly with increasing and changing the refractive index, which shows that this method can be used to understand the resonance wavelength and refractive index. Based on this approach, the sensing characteristics, including the sensitivity and the figure of merit (FOM) and the Q quality factor, have been investigated, where the sensor sensitivity has reached 1165 nm / RIU. Compared to plasmon surface resonance sensors, which are based on a similar structure, the proposed sensor can achieve a more flexible range of wavelengths and a wider range of refractive index. Therefore, this method has tremendous potential for use in various fields of measurement, such as biochemical analysis and medicine, and can find useful applications in measurement systems and integrated circuits. Also, all the diagrams obtained in this research have been drawn using MATLAB program.
Large Genomic Deletion Linked To Field-Evolved Resistance To Cry1F Corn In Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda) From Florida
Authors: Banerjee Rahul , De Bortoli Caroline Placidi , Huang Fangneng , Lamour Kurt , Meagher Robert , Buntin David , Ni Xinzhi , Reay-Jones Francis P. F. , Stewart Scott , Jurat-Fuentes Juan Luis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a highly polyphagous lepidopteran pest of relevant food and fiber staple crops. In the Americas, transgenic corn and cotton producing insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have controlled and reduced the damage caused by S. frugiperda. However, cases of field-evolved S. frugiperda resistance to Bt corn producing the Cry1F insecticidal protein have been documented in North and South America. When characterized, field resistance to Cry1F is linked to insertions and mutations resulting in a modified or truncated ABC transporter subfamily C2 (SfABCC2) protein that serves as Cry1F receptor in susceptible S. frugiperda. In this work, we present detection of a large genomic deletion (~8 kb) affecting the SfABCC2 and an ABC transporter gene subfamily 3 –like gene (SfABCC3) as linked to resistance to Cry1F corn in a S. frugiperda strain from Florida (FL39). Monitoring for this genomic deletion using a discriminatory PCR reaction in field-collected S. frugiperda moths detected individuals carrying this allele in Florida, but not in surrounding states. This is the first report of a large genomic deletion being involved in resistance to a Bt insecticidal protein.
The effect of mydriasis and filtration surgery on intraocular pressure in eyes with normal- tension glaucoma
Authors: Sakata Rei , Ueda Koji , Fujita Asahi , Nakajima Kosuke , Fujishiro Takashi , Honjo Megumi , Shirato Shiroaki , Aihara Makoto 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background:The effect of mydriasis on intraocular pressure (IOP) in normal tension glaucoma (NTG) eyes has not been investigated. In addition, although filtration surgery is a technique that can lower IOP under normal conditions and reduce IOP fluctuation, its effect on IOP after mydriasis is unknown. Against this background, we investigated the effect of mydriasis on IOP and of trabeculectomy on mydriasis-induced IOP fluctuations in the same patients with NTG.Methods:We identified data for NTG patients regularly monitored for more than 5 years before and after surgical periods. All patients were conservatively followed up as medical treatment and then underwent initial trabeculectomy with mitomycin C as the surgical treatment. The mean IOPs during episodes of mydriasis and non-mydriasis were calculated for each period. IOP fluctuation was defined as the IOP difference between the mydriatic and non-mydriatic states. For both periods, the mean IOP differences between the mydriatic and non-mydriatic eye were separately evaluated using the paired t-test or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.Results:We included 23 eyes of 23 patients with NTG (mean age, 62.4 years). The follow-up periods were 5.7 years for medical treatment and 6.1 years after surgical treatment. The mean IOP of 14.3 mmHg decreased to 9.0 mmHg after surgery (P < 0.01). During medical treatment, the mean (± standard deviation) non-mydriatic and mydriatic IOPs were 14.2 ± 1.8 and 14.5 ± 1.8 mmHg, respectively. The IOP increased significantly after mydriasis (by 0.30 ± 0.11 mmHg, P = 0.009). After surgery, the mean non-mydriatic and mydriatic IOPs were 9.0 ± 2.5 and 9.1 ± 2.4 mmHg; the difference was 0.18 ± 0.16 mmHg (P = 0.28). Conclusions:We demonstrated for the first time that pharmacological mydriasis significantly increased IOP, but trabeculectomy could suppress not only IOP but also mydriasis-induced IOP fluctuations in patients with NTG.
Finite element analysis of pitting pit on residual strength of magnesium alloy welded joint
Authors: Gong Xiaoyuan , Liu Jinming , Li Junqi , Xiao Fengqing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The stress field of pitting corrosion at different depths under tensile load was analyzed by ANSYS finite element method. It was found that the strength of stress field and strain field inside the corrosion pit was much higher than the average level of matrix. Therefore, the corrosion pit will fail first under the action of applied load. Based on the study of pitting corrosion, the mechanism of pitting corrosion crack propagation of magnesium alloy welded joints was described with a model, and the variation of residual strength was revealed.
The estrous cycle modulates early-life adversity effects on mouse avoidance behavior through progesterone signaling
Authors: Laham Blake , Murthy Sahana , Hanani Monica , Clappier Mona , Boyer Sydney , Vasquez Betsy , Gould Elizabeth 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Early-life adversity (ELA) predisposes individuals to develop neuropsychiatric conditions, which are more prevalent in women than men. Efforts to model this sex difference in rodents have produced mixed results, with some studies paradoxically showing stronger phenotypes in males than females. Since changes in reproductive hormone levels can increase the likelihood of anxiety disorders in women, we examined the effects of ELA on adult female mice across the estrous cycle. We found that during diestrus, when the ratio of progesterone to estrogen is relatively high, ELA mice exhibit increased avoidance behavior, altered activity levels in specific contexts, and increased theta oscillation power in the ventral hippocampus. Ovariectomy, which eliminates circulating estrogen but not progesterone, unexpectedly preserved some of the effects present in diestrus ELA mice. Progesterone receptor antagonism in diestrus normalized avoidance behavior in ELA mice, while treatment with a negative allosteric modulator of the progesterone metabolite allopregnanolone promoted avoidance behavior in control mice. These results suggest that altered progesterone and allopregnanolone signaling during diestrus increases avoidance behavior in ELA mice.
Sexual dimorphism of leptin and adiposity in children between 0 to 10 years: A Systematic Review and meta-analysis
Authors: Avila Jose Guillermo Ortega , Muñoz Harry García , Ordoñez Alejandro Segura , Contreras Blanca Cecilia Salazar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundIt has been described in adolescents and adults differences by sex in blood levels of leptin and adiposity, however, it is not yet clear if these differences arise from the prepubertal stage in subjects with a normal-weight. Therefore, we examine whether there are differences by sex in levels of blood leptin and body fat per cent (BFP) in children with a normal-weight between 0 to 10 years old. MethodsSearch strategy: Eligible studies were obtained from three electronic databases (Medline, Web of Science, and Embase) and contact with experts. Selection criteria: Healthy children under 10 years of age with normal-weight according to age.Data collection and analyses: Data were extracted by four independent reviewers using a predesigned data collection form. The statistical analysis was performed in the R program. ResultsOf initially identified 12363 publications, twenty-one studies were included (5516 girls and 5629 boys) in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The sex was associated with the overall effect on blood leptin (Pooled MD= 1.69 ng/mL, 95%CI: 1.21 to 2.17) and BFP (Pooled MD= 3.44%, 95%CI: 2.55 to 4.33), being both higher in girls. This finding was consistently in the majority of age groups studied (Newborns, 0,25 to 0.5 yrs, 3 to 5.9 yrs, 6 to 7.9 yrs, 8 to 10 yrs). Conclusion: The results of our meta-analyses support the sexual dimorphism in circulating blood leptin and BFP between girls and boys with normal-weight from birth to ten years of age.