bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superficial (nodular) thrombophlebitis as a heterogeneous entity with distinctive clinico‐pathological aspects: Correlation with the underlying conditions
Authors: Gales Lynn , Cribier Bernard , Lipsker Dan , Lenormand Cédric 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSuperficial (nodular) thrombophlebitis, referring to a thrombo‐inflammatory disorder of dermal‐subcutaneous veins, encompass a spectrum of nodular lesions often associated with inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic or thrombophilic diseases.ObjectiveWe postulate that distinct clinico‐pathological features may correlate with the underlying conditions.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective monocentric study of all patients seen in our dermatology department for a superficial thrombophlebitis, completed with a literature review. Clinical and pathological data were extracted from the patient files and articles.ResultsA total of 108 cases of superficial thrombophlebitis was analysed. Forty‐five percent manifested as elongated nodules clearly evoking vascular involvement, while the other 55% were presenting as nodules or plaques. The elongated phenotype was strongly associated with malignancy or thrombophilia if a pure thrombosis was demonstrated histopathologically, while tuberculosis was the main underlying condition if a granulomatous vasculitis was present. Panniculitis‐like lesions were mainly corresponding to erythema‐nodosum‐like lesions of Behçet's disease, characterized by the distinctive feature of thrombotic veins with an associated leukocytoclastic vasculitis.LimitationsRetrospective design and risk of publication bias.ConclusionSuperficial (nodular) thrombophlebitis is a heterogeneous entity with a distinct clinico‐pathological presentation that strongly points to the nature of the underlying medical condition, thus guiding the medical workup.
Chemical and physical characterization of spray dried fish oil with different combination ratios of wall component
Authors: Özyurt Gülsün , Sakarya Yetkin , Durmuş Mustafa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe combination of wall materials used in the spray drying process can be recommended to increase the stability of functional oils and to ensure the best preservation of the nutraceutical compounds. For this purpose, maltodextrin (MD) and sodium caseinate (SC) combinations were studied for the spray drying of fish oil in this study. Microencapsulation efficiency (ME) ratio was similar in all groups. However, according to SEM images, group in formulated at 1SC:2MD ratio met all necessary conditions well such as no agglomeration, homogeneous distribution and spherical shape. There was no significant difference in terms of EPA and DHA contents of the groups. The lowest peroxide value (5.46 ± 1.00 mEq/kg) and TBA value (0.27 ± 0.02 mg MA/kg) was detected in the 1SC:2MD group. It was found that 1SC:2MD ratio for wall combination was more effective than 2SC:1MD and 1SC:1MD for encapsulation and maintaining the oxidative quality of fish oil. The results obtained in this study contribute to the optimization of spray drying of fish oil, which allows for more widespread use in the food industry.Novelty Impact StatementIn this study, it was determined the right coating material combination in the spray drying process of fish oil and recommended as an effective combination for industrial‐scale production. Spray‐drying with MD and SC was at the desired form physically and chemically and 1SC:2MD combination showed better oxidative stability. In addition, morphology and color properties of 1SC:2MD were better than the other groups.
The Piks allele of the NLR immune receptor Pik breaks the recognition of AvrPik effectors of rice blast fungus
Authors: Xiao Gui , Wang Wenjuan , Liu Muxing , Li Ya , Liu Jianbin , Franceschetti Marina , Yi Zhaofeng , Zhu Xiaoyuan , Zhang Zhengguang , Lu Guodong , Banfield Mark J. , Wu Jun , Zhou Bo 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTArms race co‐evolution of plant–pathogen interactions evolved sophisticated recognition mechanisms between host immune receptors and pathogen effectors. Different allelic haplotypes of an immune receptor in the host mount distinct recognition against sequence or non‐sequence related effectors in pathogens. We report the molecular characterization of the Piks allele of the rice immune receptor Pik against rice blast pathogen, which requires two head‐to‐head arrayed nucleotide‐binding sites and leucine‐rich repeat proteins. Like other Pik alleles, both Piks‐1 and Piks‐2 are necessary and sufficient for mediating resistance. However, unlike other Pik alleles, Piks does not recognize any known AvrPik variants of Magnaporthe oryzae. Sequence analysis of the genome of an avirulent isolate V86010 further revealed that its cognate avirulence (Avr) gene most likely has no significant sequence similarity to known AvrPik variants. Piks‐1 and Pikm‐1 have only two amino acid differences within the integrated heavy metal‐associated (HMA) domain. Pikm‐HMA interacts with AvrPik‐A, ‐D, and ‐E in vitro and in vivo, whereas Piks‐HMA does not bind any AvrPik variants. Characterization of two amino acid residues differing Piks‐1 from Pikm‐1 reveal that Piks‐E229Q derived from the exchange of Glu229 to Gln229 in Piks‐1 gains recognition specificity against AvrPik‐D but not AvrPik‐A or ‐E, indicating that Piks‐E229Q partially restores the Pikm spectrum. By contrast, Piks‐A261V derived from the exchange of Ala261 to Val261 in Piks‐1 retains Piks recognition specificity. We conclude that Glu229 in Piks‐1 is critical for Piks breaking the canonical Pik/AvrPik recognition pattern. Intriguingly, binding activity and ectopic cell death induction is maintained between Piks‐A261V and AvrPik‐D, implying that positive outcomes from ectopic assays might be insufficient to deduce its immune activity against the relevant effectors in rice and rice blast interaction.
Melatonin ultrastructural localization in mitochondria of human salivary glands
Authors: Isola Raffaella , Lai Ylenia , Noli Roberta , Masala Carla , Isola Michela , Loy Francesco 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe hormone melatonin was initially believed to be synthesized exclusively by the pineal gland and the enterochromaffin cells, but nowadays its production and distribution were observed in several other tissues and organs. Among others, the ultrastructural localization of melatonin and its receptors has been reported in human salivary glands. In these glands, the fine localization of melatonin in intracellular organelles, above all in mitochondria, remains to be explored comprehensively. Bioptic samples of parotid and submandibular glands were treated to search for melatonin using the immunogold staining method by transmission electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis was applied to micrographs. The results indicated that, both in parotid and submandibular glands mitochondria, a certain melatonin positivity was present. Within glandular cells, melatonin was less retrieved in mitochondria than in secretory granules; however, its presence in this organelle was clearly evident. Inside striated duct cells, melatonin staining in mitochondria was more prominent than in glandular cells. Our data provide an ultrastructural report on the presence of melatonin in mitochondria of human major salivary glands and represent a fundamental prerequisite for a better understanding of the melatonin role in this organelle.
The effect of sodium tartrate and sodium citrate on quality changes of squid (Dosidicus gigas) surimi gel
Authors: Lv Guancheng , Chu Yanjiao , Chen Zhi , Cheng Chen , Zhang Ziyuan , Mao Chunyan , Deng Shanggui , Gao Yuanpei , Jia Ru 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe yield of squid has grown gradually; however, the lack of intensive processing has led to the slow development of the squid industry. In a previous study, some organic salts were found to improve the quality of squid surimi gel. Therefore, this research focused on the effects of sodium citrate (SC) and sodium tartrate (ST) on the quality of squid surimi gel. Physical measurements, such as gel texture, water‐holding capacity, and color of squid surimi gel, were conducted. The addition of 2.5% SC and ST significantly improved the gel strength by 40.7, 57.0, 22.9, and 58.1%, respectively, of gel strength compared with the addition of: 1.5 SC, 3.5 SC, 1.5 ST, and 3.5% ST alone. Rheological measurements revealed that the addition of 2.5% SC or ST shortened the gel degradation temperature range (i.e., 2.5% SC or ST: 40–53°C; other treatments: 40–60°C) of the squid paste during heating. Results of chemical force analysis showed that the addition of a high quantity of salt accelerated protein aggregation and reduced hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bond formation. Finally, an increase in the number of β‐sheets and a decrease in the bulk water content demonstrated that the addition of 2.5% organic salt could form squid gel with a better network structure. The findings provide a scientific basis for the development of high‐quality squid surimi gel.
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways between male and female mature gonads of Hemibarbus maculatus
Authors: Zhong Yong , Lian Qingping , Chen Yuange , Duan Yuanliang , He PeiMin , Wu Meiqin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHemibarbus maculatus is a globally important species for its value in fisheries and aquaculture. There is relatively little information available about this species' sexual development genes. Therefore, in this study, we used the technology of high‐throughput RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq), to investigate if the ovary and testis' differently expressed genes (DEGs) during sex differentiation in H. maculatus. Our results revealed a total of 43,468,248 and 39,241,362 qualified reads were generated in the female and male libraries, and 32,127 unigenes were assembled via the annotation analysis. Moreover, 17,808 unigenes were found to be DEGs between males and females, with 12,726 up‐ and 5082 downregulated genes in the ovaries and testes, respectively. The transcriptome analysis revealed there are 23 DEGs between ovary and testes of H. maculatus, which may be involved in sex determination. The expression patterns of these genes were validated by quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR). The results of qPCR were generally consistent with the RNA‐seq results. This work was the first to annotate genes linked with gonadal development and reproduction in H. maculatus using gonadal transcriptome analysis, which provides useful molecular data for a better understanding of sexual development, as well as functional genomics and population genetics studies of H. maculatus.
Genomic insights into inter‐ and intraspecific mating system shifts in Primulina
Authors: Yi Huiqin , Wang Jieyu , Wang Jing , Rausher Mark , Kang Ming 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe mating system shift from outcrossing to selfing is one of the most frequent evolutionary trends in flowering plants. However, the genomic consequences of this shift remain poorly understood. Specifically, the relative importance of the demographic and genetic processes causing changes in genetic variation and selection efficacy associated with the evolution of selfing is unclear. Here we sequenced the genomes of two Primulina species with contrasting mating systems: P. eburnea (outcrossing) versus P. tabacum (outcrossing, mixed‐mating and selfing populations). Whole‐genome resequencing data were used to investigate the genomic consequences of mating system shifts within and between species. We found that highly selfing populations of P. tabacum display loss of genetic diversity, increased deleterious mutations, higher genomic burden and fewer adaptive substitutions. However, compared with outcrossing populations, mixed‐mating populations did not display loss of genetic diversity and accumulation of genetic load. We find no evidence of population bottlenecks associated with the shift to selfing, which suggests that the genetic effects of selfing on Ne and possibly linked selection, rather than demographic history, are the primary drivers of diversity reduction in highly selfing populations. Our results highlight the importance of distinguishing the relative contribution of mating system and demography on the genomic consequences associated with mating system evolution in plants.
Resisting algorithmic control: Understanding the rise and variety of platform worker mobilisations
Authors: Cini Lorenzo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlgorithms are seen as effective for managing workers. Literature focuses mainly on the functioning and impact of algorithmic control on workers' experiences and conditions. The ways in which platform workers have organised collectively to regain control have received far less scholarly attention. This paper addresses this gap by making sense of the mobilisation dynamics of two platform‐work categories: crowdwork (Amazon Mechanical Turk) and work on‐demand (food‐delivery couriers). These are salient mobilisation cases, as these workers have resisted algorithmic control by adopting specific organising modes, action repertoires and collective solidarities. By analysing a combination of extant literature and policy reports concerning each category of mobilisation forms at a global level over 5 years, the study elucidates why and how these workers were able to act without the involvement of traditional trade unions by showing that specific supportive communities and political activism traditions were crucial in the rise and variety of mobilisation.
Clinical Study of Wrist Arthroscopy Combined with Oblique Ulnar Shortening Osteotomy in the Treatment of Ulnar Impaction Syndrome
Authors: Lu Chengyin , Wang Pengtao , Zhang Laifu , Dong Jiahe , Zhang Hailong , Yang Lei , Wang Xiaohui , Xiong Hui 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical effects of wrist arthroscopy combined with oblique ulnar shortening osteotomy in the treatment of ulnar impaction syndrome.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 60 patients with ulnar impaction syndrome who were admitted to our department from January 2016 to December 2019. According to different surgical methods, they were divided into an observation group and a control group, with 30 cases in each group. The control group was treated with oblique ulnar shortening osteotomy, and the observation group used wrist arthroscopy based on the control group. The two groups of patients were compared in terms of wrist function before and 12 months after surgery. We compared the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Score (DASH Score), Patient‐Rated Wrist Evaluation Score (PRWE Score), Visual Analog Score (VAS), and ulnar variation between the two groups at 12 months after surgery. The excellent and good rates by Mayo wrist score were compared between the two groups at the last follow‐up.ResultsAll patients were followed up for 12–36 months, with an average of 14.5 months. Bone union was achieved at the oblique osteotomy of the ulna, with an average healing time of 13.6 weeks. The observation group was examined by wrist arthroscopy, and the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) Palmer classification was confirmed in three cases of type IIA, seven cases of type IIB, 14 cases of type IIC, and six cases of type IID. Compared with before surgery, the grip strength, flexion‐extension, ulnar radial deflection, and forearm rotation of the two groups of patients were significantly improved at 12 months after surgery. The DASH score, PRWE score, and VAS score of the observation group were better than those of the control group, and the difference in ulnar shortening length was not statistically significant between the two groups. The excellent and good rates of the observation group (93.3%) were better than those of the control group (87.5%) at the last follow‐up, and the difference was statistically significant.ConclusionCompared with oblique ulnar shortening osteotomy alone, combined wrist arthroscopy can better reduce the pain of patients with ulnar impaction syndrome, restore wrist function, and improve the excellent and good rates. Therefore, it is clinically worthy of promotion.
Transcriptome‐based analysis of resistance mechanisms to Bipolaris sorokiniana, a common wheat root‐rot disease
Authors: Qalavand F. , Nasr‐Esfahani M. , Vatandoost J. , Azarm D. A. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

In common root and crown rot (CRR), Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sace.) is one of the important in wheat, causing considerable yield losses globally. Sources of resistance can provide a feasible and effective method of control for plant disease management. However, knowledge on mechanisms of resistance is scarce.

We screened 33 wheat genotypes against B. sorokiniana under greenhouse and field conditions. In addition, real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis using ten novel candidate gene markers, Cre3, EDS1, LTP5, PGIP, PR‐1, PIEP1, TLP, UGT, Stb6 and PFT, was conducted on leaves and roots, along with changes in activity of antioxidant enzymes, peroxidase, catalase, β‐1,3‐glucanase, and phenolic content for their involvement in disease impact mechanisms.

Lowest disease severity was in ‘Alvand’, followed by ‘Baharan’ and ‘Bam’ as resistant genotypes. Quantitative gene expression showed that, although the candidate defence genes were upregulated 1.24‐ to 3.5‐fold in wheat roots and leaves inoculated with B. sorokiniana, they were highly regulated in resistant varieties ‘Alvand’, ‘Mehregan’ and ‘Bam’. Cre3, a resistance gene to cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi, was regulated in cultivars resistant to B. sorokiniana. Similar results were obtained for Stb6, a gene resistant to Septoria tritici blotch, EDS1 resistant to powdery mildew, Blumeria graminis, and the genes PR‐1 and UGT resistant to leaf rust, Puccinia triticina. Antioxidant enzyme activity also showed the highest increases in resistant genotypes.

In conclusion, the T. aestivum–B. sorokiniana interaction in resistant wheat cultivars uses defence‐related genes and enzymes that protect wheat towards sustainable development. Further such studies will shed light on simultaneous resistance to other diseases in wheat cultivars.
Analysis of PPP1R11 expression in granulosa cells during developmental follicles of yak and its effects on cell function
Authors: Min Xingyu , Zhu Yanjin , Hu Yulei , Yang Manzhen , Yu Hailing , Xiong Yan , Fu Wei , Li Jian , Matsuda Fuko , Xiong Xianrong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe aims of this study were to analyse the protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 11 (PPP1R11) expression and cellular localization in yak follicles and investigate its effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis and oestrogen secretion in granulosa cells (GCs). Ten healthy and non‐pregnant female yaks (4‐year‐old) were used as experimental animals. The mRNA relative expression level of PPP1R11 in GCs from small (<3.0 mm), medium (3.0–5.9 mm) and large (6.0–9.0 mm) follicles was detected by RT‐qPCR, and the cellular localization of PPP1R11 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry staining (IHC). After isolation, culture and identification of yak GCs in vitro, si‐PPP1R11 and si‐NC (negative control) were transfected into GCs. RT‐qPCR and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the interference efficiency, and ELISA was performed to detect oestrogen concentration. Then, EdU staining and TUNEL staining were conducted to analyse cell proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, the oestrogen synthesis, proliferation‐ and apoptosis‐related genes were detected by RT‐qPCR after knockdown PPP1R11. The results showed that PPP1R11 is mainly located in ovarian GCs, and the expression levels of PPP1R11 in GCs from large follicles were significantly higher than that from medium and small follicles. Transfection of si‐PPP1R11 into GCs could significantly inhibit the expression of PPP1R11. Interestingly, the oestrogen secretion ability and the expression level of oestrogen pathway‐related genes (STAR, CYP11A1, CYP19A1 and HSD17B1) were also significantly downregulated. Moreover, the proportion of positive cells was decreased, and cellular proliferation‐related genes (PCNA, CCNB1 and CDC25A) were significantly downregulated after knockdown PPP1R11. However, the proportion of apoptotic cells was increased, and apoptosis‐related genes (BAX, CASP3 and P53) were significantly upregulated. Taken together, this study was the first revealed the expression and cellular localization of PPP1R11 in yak follicles. Interference PPP1R11 could reduce oestrogen secretion, inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis in GCs, which provided a basis for further studies on the regulatory mechanism of PPP1R11 in follicle development.
The long‐term impact of trade protection
Authors: Liebman Benjamin , Tomlin Kasaundra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA sunset review policy requires that antidumping orders be removed after 5 years unless petitioners could prove that removing protection would likely lead to the resumption of dumping. Initial sunset victories are greeted favourably by the shareholders of petitioning firms, while subsequent five‐year reviews are viewed less optimistically. Securing long‐run protection through affirmative sunset reviews appears to increase CEO compensation. Overall, we find no evidence that obtaining long‐run protection actually reduces the likelihood of exit; however, steel firms that secured trade protection for 10 years+ actually observed a higher probability of exiting, indicating that long‐run trade protection failed to save these firms. Finally, we find that more innovative firms tend to survive at a higher rate with long‐run trade protection.
Numerical and Experimental Investigations of the Effect of Distance Between Two Elbows in Series in Gas-Solid Flows on Solid Particle Erosion
Authors: Othayq Mazen M. , Bilal Faris S. , Sedrez Thiana A. , Shirazi Siamack A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Elbows are important fitting components used to change the flow direction, and they are widely used in pipeline and transport systems. In this work, an experimentally validated Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) approach is used to investigate the erosion prediction in gas-solid flows in 3-inch (76.2 mm) standard elbows (r/D = 1.5). The length between the two elbows varies from 2 to 50 times the pipe diameter. First, a mesh independence study was performed to minimize the uncertainty related to the mesh size on erosion predictions in elbows. Second, different erosion models that are available in the literature are utilized for erosion calculations. The presented CFD results are compared with experimental data collected for 76.2 mm elbows. In addition, CFD investigations were performed for gas-solid flow in a high-pressure condition to study the effect of distance between the two elbows in series. The CFD results showed that, for gas-solid flows in low-pressure conditions, the erosion in the first elbow is always higher than the second elbow in a wide range of distances between the two elbows in series with 31 m/s of gas velocity and 300 μm particle size. The CFD results are compared to the experimental data with 2 and 12D distance between the two elbows with 300 μm particle size. The results of high-pressure conditions showed that erosion in the second elbow is higher than the first elbow with a 2D distance between the two elbows, and the magnitude of the maximum erosion ratio in the second elbow decreases with increasing the distance between the two elbows.