bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metacognitive awareness in relation to university students’ learning profiles
Authors: Tuononen Tarja , Hyytinen Heidi , Räisänen Milla , Hailikari Telle , Parpala Anna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present study aims to deepen our understanding of the relationship between metacognitive awareness and approaches to learning in a multidisciplinary context of higher education using a person-oriented approach. The participants in the present study were 462 third year students of humanities, social sciences and theology. The students filled in a HowULearn questionnaire which included 18 items related to metacognitive awareness and 12 to approaches to learning. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to explore the factor structure of the instruments. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation, K-means cluster analysis and One-way ANOVA. The results showed that two dimensions of metacognitive awareness, namely knowledge about cognition and regulation of cognition, emerged from the data. Knowledge about cognition was evaluated higher than regulation of cognition. The results showed that both dimensions of metacognitive awareness were statistically significantly related to a deep approach to learning and organized studying and negatively to an unreflective approach. Furthermore, three learning profiles were identified and they differed in both of these dimensions of metacognitive awareness. More precisely, students representing organized students applying a deep approach had higher scores on knowledge about cognition as well as on regulation of cognition compared with the students representing unorganized studentsapplying a deep approach or those with a dissonant profile. In addition, students representing the dissonant profile had statistically significantly lower scores on knowledge about cognition than those students representing unorganized students applying a deep approach. The present study implies that students with different study profiles need different types of support for the metacognitive awareness of their own learning processes.
Constraints and incentives in the investment regime: How bargaining power shapes BIT reform
Authors: Huikuri Tuuli-Anna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStates have increasingly started to terminate and renegotiate their bilateral investment treaties (BITs). Dominant explanations have however overlooked the underlying bargaining dynamic of investment treaty negotiations. This paper argues that while states initially in a weaker negotiating position have the strongest incentives to change their existing BITs, their ability to do so is constrained by their bargaining power. Such states become more likely to demand renegotiation or exit dissatisfying BITs if they have experienced sufficient changes in their bargaining power in relation to the treaty partner. This paper identifies observable implications of the weaker states’ incentives and bargaining power constraints for adjusting their bilateral investment treaty commitments. Leveraging a panel dataset on 2,623 BITs ranging from 1962 to 2019, interaction effects between bargaining power and incentives stemming from rationalist and bounded rationality assumptions about states’ decision-making are analyzed in relation to the occurrence of renegotiations and terminations. The paper finds that change in bargaining power in relation to the treaty partner is an important factor underlying the weaker states’ ability to terminate or renegotiate BITs, contributing to the study of investment regime reform and exit from international institutions.
Scale up of reactors for carbon dioxide reduction
Authors: Nattestad Andrew , Wagner Klaudia , Wallace Gordon G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn recent times there has been a great deal of interest in the conversion of carbon dioxide into more useful chemical compounds. On the other hand, the translation of these developments in electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide from the laboratory bench to practical scale remains an underexplored topic. Here we examine some of the major challenges, demonstrating some promising strategies towards such scale-up, including increased electrode area and stacking of electrode pairs in different configurations. We observed that increasing the electrode area from 1 to 10 cm2 led to only a 4% drop in current density, with similarly small penalties realised when stacking sub-cells together.
Management of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Children and Young Adults
Authors: Ford Maegan , Mauro Michael , Aftandilian Catherine , Sakamoto Kathleen M. , Hijiya Nobuko 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Due to lack of pediatric-specific data, the management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in pediatric, adolescents, and young adults is guided by adult CML evidence-based recommendations. Pediatric CML presents differently than adult CML and is often a more aggressive disease with different biological and host factors, yet there is sparse literature on how to address those differences.

Recent Findings
Over the past two decades, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have changed the way CML is treated. There are currently three FDA-approved TKIs (imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib) for pediatric patients. When choosing which TKI to begin treatment with, there are many factors that should be considered on a case-to-case basis to obtain optimal outcomes. The safety profiles for long-term TKI use in pediatrics require further study. Unlike adults, children are still actively growing during TKI use, and the effect on development can be detrimental. TKI therapy is not recommended during pregnancy with variable but significant risk of fetal abnormalities and miscarriage, warranting counseling for young female patients prior to beginning TKIs. Attempts for treatment-free remission (TFR) by planned TKI cessation in eligible adult patients in deep and sustained molecular remission are now done as a standard of practice. However, data is sparse in the pediatric population. There is currently an ongoing Children’s Oncology Group (COG) study to determine the feasibility of TFR as a treatment goal.

Summary
Further research and additional pediatric trials are needed to characterize the unique aspects of CML in children and adolescents and optimize outcomes.
Early-onset diabetes involving three consecutive generations had different clinical features from age-matched type 2 diabetes without a family history in China
Authors: Wang Da-Wei , Yuan Jing , Yang Fang-yuan , Qiu Hai-Yan , Lu Jing , Yang Jin-Kui 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Early-onset, multigenerational diabetes is a heterogeneous disease, which is often simplistically classified as type 1 diabetes (T1D) or type 2 diabetes(T2D). However, its clinical and genetic characteristics have not been clearly elucidated. The aim of our study is to investigate the clinical features of early-onset diabetes involving three consecutive generations (eDia3) in a Chinese diabetes cohort.

Methods
Of 6470 type 2 diabetic patients, 105 were identified as eDia3 (1.6%). After a case–control match on age, we compared the clinical characteristics of 89 eDia3 patients with 89 early-onset T2D patients without a family history of diabetes (eDia0). WES was carried out in 89 patients with eDia3. We primarily focused on 14 known maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) genes. Variants were predicted by ten tools (SIFT, PolyPhen2_HDIV, PolyPhen2_HVAR, LRT, Mutation Assessor, Mutation Taster, FATHMM, GERP++, PhyloP, and PhastCons). All suspected variants were then validated by Sanger sequencing and further investigated in the proband families.

Results
Compared to age-matched eDia0, eDia3 patients had a younger age at diagnosis (26.5 ± 5.8 vs. 29.4 ± 5.3 years, P = 0.001), lower body mass index (25.5 ± 3.9 vs. 27.4 ± 4.6 kg/m2, P = 0.003), lower systolic blood pressure (120 ± 15 vs. 128 ± 18 mmHg, P = 0.003), and better metabolic profiles (including glucose and lipids). Of the 89 eDia3 patients, 10 (11.2%) carried likely pathogenic variants in genes (KLF11, GCK, ABCC8, PAX4, BLK and HNF1A) of MODY.

Conclusions
eDia3 patients had unique clinical features. Known MODY genes were not common causes in these patients.
Ghost edge detection based on HED network
Authors: Zhao Shengmei , Cui Yifang , He Xing , Wang Le 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present an edge detection scheme based on ghost imaging (GI) with a holistically-nested neural network. The so-called holistically-nested edge detection (HED) network is adopted to combine the fully convolutional neural network (CNN) with deep supervision to learn image edges effectively. Simulated data are used to train the HED network, and the unknown object’s edge information is reconstructed from the experimental data. The experiment results show that, when the compression ratio (CR) is 12.5%, this scheme can obtain a high-quality edge information with a sub-Nyquist sampling ratio and has a better performance than those using speckle-shifting GI (SSGI), compressed ghost edge imaging (CGEI) and subpixel-shifted GI (SPSGI). Indeed, the proposed scheme can have a good signal-to-noise ratio performance even if the sub-Nyquist sampling ratio is greater than 5.45%. Since the HED network is trained by numerical simulations before the experiment, this proposed method provides a promising way for achieving edge detection with small measurement times and low time cost.
Graphical Abstract
Breast Conservative Surgery for Breast Cancer: Indian Surgeon’s Preferences and Factors Influencing Them
Authors: Dutta Rohini , Mahajan Anshul , Patil Priti , Bhandoria Geetu , Sarang Bhakti , Virk Sargun , Khajanchi Monty , Jain Samarvir , Bains Lovenish , Bhandarkar Prashant , Chatterjee Shamita , Roy Nobhojit , Gadgil Anita 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
It is well established that disease-free survival and overall survival after breast conservation surgery (BCS) followed by radiotherapy are equivalent to that after mastectomy. However, in Asian countries, the rate of BCS continues to remain low. The cause may be multifactorial including the patient’s choice, availability and accessibility of infrastructure, and surgeon’s choice. We aimed to elucidate the Indian surgeons’ perspective while choosing between BCS and mastectomy, in women oncologically eligible for BCS.

Methods
We conducted a survey-based cross-sectional study in January–February 2021. Indian surgeons with general surgical or specialised oncosurgical training, who consented to participate were included in the study. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to assess the effect of study variables on offering mastectomy or BCS.

Results
A total of 347 responses were included. The mean age of the participants was 43 ± 11 years. Sixty-three of the surgeons were in the 25–44 years age group with the majority (80%) being males. 66.4% of surgeons ‘almost always’ offered BCS to oncologically eligible patients. Surgeons who had undergone specialised training in oncosurgery or breast conservation surgery were 35 times more likely to offer BCS (p < 0.01). Surgeons working in hospitals with in-house radiation oncology facilities were 9 times more likely to offer BCS (p < 0.05). Surgeons’ years of practice, age, sex and hospital setting did not influence the surgery offered.

Conclusion
Two-thirds of Indian surgeons preferred BCS over mastectomy. Lack of radiotherapy facilities and specialised surgical training were deterrents to offering BCS to eligible women.
Organizational Changes Needed in Disasters and Public Health Emergencies: A Qualitative Study among Managers at a Major Hospital
Authors: Wennman Ingela , Jacobson Catharina , Carlström Eric , Hyltander Anders , Khorram-Manesh Amir 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMost hospitals have a contingency plan, based on all-risks and all-hazards assessment principles. However, emerging threats and risks often necessitate a flexible approach to emergency management at several levels of a disaster response system, for example, in hospitals. Sweden, and possibly other countries, has limited possibilities of surge capacity in the management of large-scale disasters and emergencies, which necessitates a local/national partnership and a flexible local disaster and contingency plan. This study evaluates the opinions of a selected managerial group, both at operative and strategic levels, regarding possible changes in a major hospital’s contingency plan during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Semistructured interviews were conducted to explore the elements of surge capacity and an operational tool, consisting of command and control, safety, communication, assessment, triage, treatment, and transport. The results show a need to create feasible management methods that can be evaluated, establish clear leadership, put preparedness as a constant point on the highest managerial agenda, improve external monitoring, and create a regional coordinating center. Furthermore, the results emphasize the significant role played by the incident command system and qualified leadership to facilitate competent and crucial medical decision making, as well as to provide reliable communication, collaboration, and coordination in a multi-agency response system during dynamic and unexpected emergencies. These steps enable a constant connection between reactive contingency plans and the proactivity in continuous risk assessment and enhance the flexibility of the contingency plans.
Log-concavity of infinite product generating functions
Authors: Heim Bernhard , Neuhauser Markus 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the 1970s Nicolas proved that the coefficients$$p_d(n)$$pd(n)defined by the generating function$$\begin{aligned} \sum _{n=0}^{\infty } p_d(n) \, q^n = \prod _{n=1}^{\infty } \left( 1- q^n\right) ^{-n^{d-1}} \end{aligned}$$∑n=0∞pd(n)qn=∏n=1∞1-qn-nd-1are log-concave for$$d=1$$d=1. Recently, Ono, Pujahari, and Rolen have extended the result to$$d=2$$d=2. Note that$$p_1(n)=p(n)$$p1(n)=p(n)is the partition function and$$p_2(n)=\mathrm{pp}\left( n\right) $$p2(n)=ppnis the number of plane partitions. In this paper, we invest in properties for$$p_d(n)$$pd(n)for generald. Let$$n \ge 6$$n≥6. Then$$p_d(n)$$pd(n)is almost log-concave forndivisible by 3 and almost strictly log-convex otherwise.
More Detailed Disturbance Measurement and Active Disturbance Rejection Altitude Control for a Flapping Wing Robot Under Internal and External Disturbances
Authors: Mou Jiawang , Zhang Weiping , Zheng Kexin , Wang Yao , Wu Chaofeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith the goal of designing a biologically inspired robot that can hold a stable hover under internal and external disturbances. We designed a tailless Flapping-wing Micro Aerial Vehicle (FMAV) with onboard 3D velocity perception. In this way, the wind disturbance caused by the relative motion of the FMAV can be quantified in real time based on the established altitudinal dynamics model. For the rest of the total disturbance, an active disturbance rejection controller is proposed to estimate and suppress those disturbances. In comparison with the traditional PID controller, this proposed approach has been validated. The results show that, in the hovering flight with the internal unmodeled dynamics, the root-mean-square of height controlled is only 2.53 cm. Even with the different weights of loads mounting on the FMAV, the ascending trajectory of flights remains impressively consistent. In the forward flight with the external disturbance, the root-mean-square error of height controlled is 2.78 cm. When the FMAV flies over a ladder introducing an abrupt external disturbance, the maximum overshoot is only half of that controlled by the PID controller. To our best knowledge, this is the first demonstration of FMAVs with the capability of sensing motion-generated wind disturbance onboard and handling the internal and external disturbances in hover flight.
Is there a ‘bipolar iceberg’ in UK primary care psychological therapy services?
Authors: Strawbridge Rebecca , Alexander Laith , Richardson Thomas , Young Allan H. , Cleare Anthony J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundImproving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) is a primary care therapy service commissioned by England's National Health Service (NHS) for people with unipolar depression and anxiety-related disorders. Its scope does not extend to ‘severe mental illness’, including bipolar disorders (BD), but evidence suggests there is a high BD prevalence in ostensibly unipolar major depressive disorder (uMDD) samples. This study aimed to indicate the prevalence and characteristics of people with BD in a naturalistic cohort of IAPT patients.Methods371 participants were assessed before initiating therapy. Participants were categorised by indicated diagnoses: BD type-I (BD-I) or type-II (BD-II) as defined using a DSM diagnostic interview, bipolar spectrum (BSp, not meeting diagnostic criteria but exceeding BD screening thresholds), lifetime uMDD or other. Information about psychiatric history and co-morbidities was examined, along with symptoms before and after therapy.Results368 patients provided sufficient data to enable classification. 10% of participants were grouped as having BD-I, 20% BD-II, 40% BSp, 25% uMDD and 5% other. BD and uMDD participants had similar demographic characteristics, but patients meeting criteria for BD-I/BD-II had more complex psychiatric presentations. All three ‘bipolar’ groups had particularly high rates of anxiety disorders. IAPT therapy receipt was comparable between groups, as was therapy response (F9704 = 1.113, p = 0.351).ConclusionsNotwithstanding the possibility that bipolar diathesis was overestimated, findings illustrate a high prevalence of BD in groups of people notionally with uMDD or anxiety. As well as improving the detection of BD, further substantive investigation is required to establish whether individuals affected by BD should be eligible for primary care psychological intervention.
Wage Interdependence and Competitiveness
Authors: de la Croix David 
Published: August 2022

SummaryWe build a multi-sector model with wage bargaining and imperfect competition to analyse the links between wage interdependence and competitiveness. Quantity constraints together with union power, firm market power and wage externalities play a significant role in the determination of competitiveness and in the transmission of shocks among sectors. This is verified by an empirical study on Belgian data. We identify leading sectors in wage formation and evaluate the effect of sector-specific shocks on the competitiveness of the other sectors.
Efficient Bargaining and Accommodation Policies
Authors: Jensen Henrik 
Published: August 2022

Summary
We show that accommodation policies may render efficient bargaining in
the labour market unsustainable as a perfect Nash equilibrium of the
infinitely repeated game. In fact, in the eyes of the labour market
participants, efficient bargaining may be Pareto-dominated by the
monopoly-union solution when the government places sufficiently high weight
on employment targets.
Killing me softly: Creative and cognitive aspects of implicitness in abusive language online
Authors: Frenda Simona , Patti Viviana , Rosso Paolo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAbusive language is becoming a problematic issue for our society. The spread of messages that reinforce social and cultural intolerance could have dangerous effects in victims’ life. State-of-the-art technologies are often effective on detecting explicit forms of abuse, leaving unidentified the utterances with very weak offensive language but a strong hurtful effect. Scholars have advanced theoretical and qualitative observations on specific indirect forms of abusive language that make it hard to be recognized automatically. In this work, we propose a battery of statistical and computational analyses able to support these considerations, with a focus on creative and cognitive aspects of the implicitness, in texts coming from different sources such as social media and news. We experiment with transformers, multi-task learning technique, and a set of linguistic features to reveal the elements involved in the implicit and explicit manifestations of abuses, providing a solid basis for computational applications.
Assessment of symptom intensity and psychological well-being of patients with advanced cancer undergoing palliative care in a Brazilian public hospital: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Traldi Macedo Ligia , Gomes Bastos Fernandes Líllian , Palmeira Heloísa Maria , Souza Tanios Bruna , Gaspar Karla Cristina , Lima Carmen Silvia Passos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe characterization of clinical–emotional aspects of advanced cancer patients is essential for palliative care. To date, there is scarce information regarding the socio-demographic and clinical profiles, as well as the quality of care given to hospitalized patients under this condition, particularly in South American countries. The objectives of this study were to analyze the socio-demographic profile, symptoms (including psychological well-being), and the quality of life of advanced cancer patients admitted to the oncology ward of the General Hospital of the University of Campinas, Brazil.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, patients were invited to fill the selected questionnaires such as Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) and Palliative Care Outcome Scale (POS). Descriptive analyses were performed, regarding socio-demographic profile, symptoms, level of information over treatment aims, and quality-of-life scores.ResultsFifty-nine patients were included, of whom 29 were male and 30 female, with a mean age of 58 years. Overall, 31.9% presented pain at the time of the interview, 52.5% depression, and 76.3% anxiety. The median individual scores for ESAS and POS (and interquartile range) were, respectively, 27 (17–41) and 14 (9–19). Patients with previous knowledge of treatment objectives reported worse depression scores in the ESAS (median 2 vs. 0, p 0.02), even when correcting for possible confounders.Significance of resultsIn contrast to current literature, in which pain is a prevalent report, depression and anxiety were more evident in this specific population of hospitalized patients. This framework reflects the need for valuing not only physical but also emotional symptoms to achieve the integrality of care.
The Perks of Being Female: Gender Stereotypes and Voters’ Preferences in Brazil
Authors: Lucciola Natalia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDo voters rely on gendered stereotypes when evaluating candidates in Brazil? The literature shows that gendered stereotypes about politicians can result in women being consistently judged as unfit for office. This article investigates the influence of gendered stereotypes on voters’ preferences in a context that combines severe female underrepresentation and incentives for voters to rely on politicians’ personal attributes. In two survey experiments, I identify the gendered stereotypes of politicians in Brazil and estimate how they influence voters’ behavior toward hypothetical candidates who do or do not comply with those stereotypes. The findings suggest that voters hold positive stereotypes of women and a broad pro-female bias.