bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complexity and the departure from spheroidicity
Authors: Govender Megan , Govender Wesley , Govender Gabriel , Duffy Kevin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this work we investigate the effect of spheroidicity on complexity in self-gravitating, static systems. Utilizing the anisotropic generalisation of the Vaidya–Tikekar superdense stellar model, we employ the complexity factor to connect the spheroidal parameter to the pressure anisotropy and density inhomogeneity. Our findings indicate that deviation from spherical symmetry lead to a higher degree of complexity within the stellar body. We further show the equation of state of parameter is inherently linked to the complexity factor thus demonstrating that the nature of matter in self-gravitating bounded systems plays an important role in the effect of pressure anisotropy and density inhomogeneities.
Shadow and quasinormal modes of the Kerr–Newman–Kiselev–Letelier black hole
Authors: Atamurotov Farruh , Hussain Ibrar , Mustafa G. , Jusufi Kimet 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe investigate the null geodesics and the shadow cast by the Kerr–Newman–Kiselev–Letelier (KNKL) black hole for the equation of state parameter $$\omega _q=-2/3$$

ω
q

=
-
2
/
3

and for different values of the spacetime parameters, including the quintessence parameter $$\gamma $$
γ
, the cloud of string (CS) parameter b, the spin parameter a and the charge Q of the black hole. We notice that for the increasing values of the parameters $$\gamma $$
γ
and b the size of the shadow of the KNKL black hole increases and consequently the strength of the gravitational field of the black hole increases. On the other hand with increase in the charge Q of the black hole the size of the shadow of the black hole decreases. Further with the increase in the values of the spin parameter a of the KNKL black hole, we see that the distortion of the shadow of the black hole becomes more prominent. Moreover we use the data released by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration, to restrict the parameters b and $$\gamma $$
γ
for the KNKL black hole, using the shadow cast by the KNKL black hole. To this end, we also explore the relation between the typical shadow radius and the equatorial and polar quasinormal mods (QNMs) for the KNKL black hole and extend this correspondence to non-asymptotically flat spacetimes. We also study the emission energy rate from the KNKL black hole for the various spacetime parameters, and observe that it increases for the increasing values of both the parameters $$\gamma $$
γ
and b for fixed charge-to-mass and spin-to-mass ratios of the KNKL black hole. Finally, we investigate the effects of plasma on the photon motion, size and shape of the shadow cast by the KNKL black hole. While keeping the spacetime parameters fixed, we notice that with increase in the strength of the plasma medium the size of the shadow of the KNKL black hole decreases and therefore the intensity of the gravitational field of the KNKL black hole decreases in the presence of plasma.
Preclinical Characterization and Phase I Study of an Anti–HER2-TLR7 Immune-Stimulator Antibody Conjugate in Patients with HER2+ Malignancies
Authors: Janku Filip , Han Sae-Won , Doi Toshihiko , Amatu Alessio , Ajani Jaffer A. , Kuboki Yasutoshi , Cortez Alex , Cellitti Susan E. , Mahling Ping C. , Subramanian Kulandayan , Schoenfeld Heidi A. , Choi Sarah M. , Iaconis Lori A. , Lee Lang Ho , Pelletier Marc R. , Dranoff Glenn , Askoxylakis Vasileios , Siena Salvatore 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Immune-stimulator antibody conjugates (ISAC) combining tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies with immunostimulatory agents allow targeted delivery of immune activators into tumors. NJH395 is a novel, first-in-class ISAC comprising a Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist conjugated to an anti-HER2 antibody via a noncleavable linker payload. Preclinical characterization showed ISAC-mediated activation of myeloid cells in the presence of antigen-expressing cancer cells, with antigen targeting and TLR7 agonism contributing to antitumor activity. Safety, efficacy, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics were investigated in a phase I, multicenter, open-label study in patients with HER2+ non-breast advanced malignancies (NCT03696771). Data from 18 patients enrolled in single ascending dose escalation demonstrated delivery of the TLR7-agonist payload in HER2+ tumor cells and induction of type I IFN responses, which correlated with immune modulation in the tumor microenvironment. Cytokine release syndrome was a common, but manageable, drug-related adverse event. Antidrug antibodies and neuroinflammation at high doses represented significant clinical challenges. Data provide proof-of-mechanism and critical insights for novel immunotherapies.
Underwater localization and node mobility estimation
Authors: Mudhafar Saif Khalid , Abdelkareem Ammar Ebdelmelik 
Published: September 2022

<p><span lang="EN-US">In this paper, localizing a moving node in the context of underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) is considered. Most existing algorithms have had designed to work with a static node in the networks. However, in practical case, the node is dynamic due to relative motion between the transmitter and receiver. The main idea is to record the time of arrival message (ToA) stamp and estimating the drift in the sampling frequency accordingly. It should be emphasized that, the channel conditions such as multipath and delay spread, and ambient noise is considered to make the system pragmatic. A joint prediction of the node mobility and speed are estimated based on the sampling frequency offset estimation. This sampling frequency offset drift is detected based on correlating an anticipated window in the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) of the received packet. The range and the distance of the mobile node is predicted from estimating the speed at the received packet and reused in the position estimation algorithm. The underwater acoustic channel is considered in this paper with 8 paths and maximum delay spread of 48 ms to simulate a pragmatic case. The performance is evaluated by adopting different nodes speeds in the simulation in two scenarios of expansion and compression. The results show that the proposed algorithm has a stable profile in the presence of severe channel conditions. Also, the result shows that the maximum speed that can be adopted in this algorithm is 9 km/h and the expansion case profile is more stable than the compression scenario. In addition, a comparison with a dynamic triangular algorithm (DTN) is presented in order to evaluate the proposed system.</span></p>
Synthesized carbon material with semi-organic and aqueous electrolyte for supercapacitor application
Authors: P. Moholkar Avinash , S. Bankar Deepak , B. Karandikar Parshuram 
Published: September 2022

<p>The supercapacitor is an evolving technology that has a potential to play a vital role in the today’s electrical energy storage systems. Supercapacitors are dominated by unique properties that can accompany other energy storage strategies due to its functional characteristics - such as quick charge/discharge ability, higher power density, very long cycle life. It results in to improved system efficiency of hybrid electric energy systems with reduced environmental pollution levels. In this paper, efforts are made to fabricate a low cost prototype of supercapacitor using synthesised carbon material obtained from the pyrolyzed scrap tyre by using both aqueous and Aloe vera gel as semi-aqueous/semi-organic electrolyte. The test results are obtained in the laboratory to ascertain the characteristics of developed supercapacitor in terms of capacitance, internal resistance and peak current. The obtained results are superior as compare to Vulcan XC-72R with trade-off between peak discharge current and other parameters. New carbon material obtained from scrap tyres is cost effective when used along with Aloe vera gel as an electrolyte. Use of scrap tyre carbon as electrode material and Aloe vera gel as naturally available material for electrolyte is an innovation of the presented work. <strong><em></em></strong></p>
Comprehensive Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance‐Derived Myocardial Strain Analysis Provides Independent Prognostic Value in Acute Myocarditis
Authors: Vos Jacqueline L. , Raafs Anne G. , van der Velde Nikki , Germans Tjeerd , Biesbroek Paul Stefan , Roes Kit , Hirsch Alexander , Heymans Stephane R. B. , Nijveldt Robin 
Published: September 2022

Background
Late gadolinium enhancement and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction on cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) are prognostic markers, but their predictive value for incident heart failure or life‐threatening arrhythmias in acute myocarditis patients is limited. CMR‐derived feature tracking provides a more sensitive analysis of myocardial function and may improve risk stratification in myocarditis. In this study, the prognostic value of LV, right ventricular, and left atrial strain in acute myocarditis patients is evaluated.

Methods and Results

In this multicenter retrospective study, patients with CMR‐proven acute myocarditis were included. The primary end point was occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events: all‐cause mortality, heart transplantation, heart failure hospitalizations, and life threatening arrhythmias. LV global longitudinal strain, global circumferential strain and global radial strain, right ventricular‐global longitudinal strain and left atrial strain were measured. Unadjusted and adjusted cox proportional hazard regression analysis were performed. In total, 162 CMR‐proven myocarditis patients were included (41 ± 17 years, 75% men). Mean LV ejection fraction was 51 ± 12%, and 144 (89%) patients had presence of late gadolinium enhancement. Major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 29 (18%) patients during a follow‐up of 5.5 (2.2–8.3) years. All LV strain parameters were independent predictors of outcome beyond clinical features, LV ejection fraction and late gadolinium enhancement (LV‐global longitudinal strain: hazard ratio [HR] 1.07,
P
=0.02; LV‐global circumferential strain: HR 1.15,
P
=0.02; LV‐global radial strain: HR 0.98,
P
=0.03), but right ventricular or left atrial strain did not predict outcome.

Conclusions
CMR‐derived LV strain analysis provides independent prognostic value on top of clinical parameters, LV ejection fraction and late gadolinium enhancement in acute myocarditis patients, while left atrial and right ventricular strain seem to be of less importance.
Feasibility of Quantitative Flow Ratio Virtual Stenting for Guidance of Serial Coronary Lesions Intervention
Authors: Guan Shaofeng , Gan Qian , Han Wenzheng , Zhai Xinrong , Wang Ming , Chen Yang , Zhang Liang , Li Tianqi , Chang Xifeng , Liu Hongyuan , Hong Weilin , Li Zehang , Tu Shengxian , Qu Xinkai 
Published: September 2022

Background
Coronary physiology measurement in serial coronary lesions with multiple stenoses is challenging. Therefore, we evaluated the feasibility of Murray fractal law‐based quantitative flow ratio (μQFR) virtual stenting for guidance of serial coronary lesions intervention.

Methods and Results

Patients who underwent elective coronary angiography and had 2 serial de novo coronary lesions of 30% to 90% diameter stenosis by visual estimation were prospectively enrolled. μQFR and fractional flow reserve (FFR) were assessed after coronary angiography. In vessels with an FFR ≤0.80, the lesion with the larger pressure gradient was considered to be the primary lesion and treated firstly, followed by FFR measurement. The second lesion was stented when FFR ≤0.80. All μQFR and predicted μQFR after stenting were calculated from diagnostic coronary angiography before interventions, with the analysts masked to the FFR data. A total of 54 patients with 61 target vessels were interrogated. Percutaneous coronary intervention was performed in 44 vessels with FFR ≤0.80. After stenting the primary lesions, 14 nonprimary lesions had FFR ≤0.80 and a second drug‐eluting stent was implanted. There was excellent correlation (
r
=0.97,
P
<0.001) and good agreement (mean difference: 0.00±0.03) between baseline μQFR and FFR in identifying flow‐limiting lesions. Per‐vessel diagnostic accuracy of μQFR on de novo lesions was 96.7% (95% CI, 88.7%–99.6%). μQFR and FFR are highly consistent (93.2%) in identifying the primary lesion requiring revascularization. After stenting the primary lesions, per‐vessel diagnostic accuracy of predicted μQFR for identifying the significance of the nonprimary lesion was 90.9%. Predicted residual μQFR with virtual stenting was higher than final FFR (mean difference: 0.05±0.06).

Conclusions
In vessels with serial coronary lesions, virtual stenting by μQFR can identify the primary flow‐limiting lesion for revascularization.
Safety in coils: predation rates of ambush hunting rattlesnakes are extremely low
Authors: Maag Dylan , Clark Rulon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rattlesnakes are widespread mesopredators that are themselves killed and eaten by a host of other predators, including birds of prey and carnivorous mammals. Although anecdotal accounts of rattlesnake depredation are common, there are few quantitative data on encounter rates between rattlesnakes and their predators. Here we review a large database of encounters between rattlesnakes and their predators recorded from field videography of snakes in the sit-and-wait phase of their ambush hunting strategy. We found that, across 8300 hours of observation, adult rattlesnakes of six species and multiple populations exhibit low encounter rates with predators; furthermore, when predators were encountered, we never observed them to attack or kill coiled snakes. Thus, we propose that rattlesnakes are preyed upon while performing other, riskier behaviors associated with moving through the landscape. We also discuss why rattlesnakes are at low risk of predation while hunting on the surface.
Practical guidelines for quantitative wood anatomy on Ginkgo biloba L.
Authors: Huang Weiwei , Li Yueyi 
Published: September 2022

Summary
Ginkgo biloba L., a long-lived relict species, has high ecological, cultural and economic value. Studying the quantitative wood anatomy of G. biloba is important to understand the relationships between their tree-growth and climate change, which could help in the protection of old G. biloba trees. Preparing high-quality wood thin sections is the premise of quantitative wood anatomy analysis. In addition, manual correction of image analysis is a time-consuming process. We therefore present a protocol on how to make G. biloba high-quality xylem thin sections, from sample preparation, sample embedding, blade selection to thickness selection. We also present a method to determine the necessary sample width and number of cores to establish reliable wood anatomical time series that both can capture climate signals and reduce the time used for image analysis. For microsection preparation, it is optimal to cut 20–30-μm-thick sections using Leica DB80 blades after applying the cornstarch solution on top of the sample surface. For image analysis, the reliable wood anatomical time series can be established when measuring six cores (trees) or above, and the environmental signals are captured when analyzing a 1.2-mm-wide radial strip along the increment core (deviation <2%) for the parameters cell density, mean lumen area, potential hydraulic conductivity and percentage of the conductive area. This paper provides practical guidance to successfully use quantitative wood anatomy methods on G. biloba. We hope our study will be helpful for future research on the quantitative wood anatomy of G. biloba and similar tree species.
Explaining and Predicting Earth System Change: A World Climate Research Programme Call to Action
Authors: Findell Kirsten L. , Sutton Rowan , Caltabiano Nico , Brookshaw Anca , Heimbach Patrick , Kimoto Masahide , Osprey Scott , Smith Doug , Risbey James S. , Wang Zhuo , Cheng Lijing , Diaz Leandro B. , Donat Markus G. , Ek Michael , Lee June-Yi , Minobe Shoshiro , Rusticucci Matilde , Vitart Frederic , Wang Lin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) envisions a world “that uses sound, relevant, and timely climate science to ensure a more resilient present and sustainable future for humankind.” This bold vision requires the climate science community to provide actionable scientific information that meets the evolving needs of societies all over the world. To realize its vision, WCRP has created five Lighthouse Activities to generate international commitment and support to tackle some of the most pressing challenges in climate science today. The overarching goal of the Lighthouse Activity on Explaining and Predicting Earth System Change is to develop an integrated capability to understand, attribute, and predict annual to decadal changes in the Earth system, including capabilities for early warning of potential high impact changes and events. This article provides an overview of both the scientific challenges that must be addressed, and the research and other activities required to achieve this goal. The work is organized in three thematic areas: (i) monitoring and modeling Earth system change; (ii) integrated attribution, prediction, and projection; and (iii) assessment of current and future hazards. Also discussed are the benefits that the new capability will deliver. These include improved capabilities for early warning of impactful changes in the Earth system, more reliable assessments of meteorological hazard risks, and quantitative attribution statements to support the Global Annual to Decadal Climate Update and State of the Climate reports issued by the World Meteorological Organization.
Addressing the Microburst Threat to Aviation: Research-to-Operations Success Story
Authors: McCarthy John , Serafin Robert , Wilson James , Evans James , Kessinger Cathy , Mahoney William P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Microburst wind shear has caused or contributed to a significant number of aviation accidents. Since 1943, wind shear accidents have been responsible for more than 1,400 fatalities worldwide, including over 400 deaths in the United States between 1973 and 1985. In this paper, we describe one of the more successful and societally impactful research-to-operations (R2O) programs in atmospheric science history. The remarkable R2O journey included the discovery of microburst wind shear in the late 1970s and early 1980s, the scientific efforts to understand this phenomenon and its impact on aircraft operations, the development of a wind shear training program for pilots, and the rapid development, testing, and implementation of wind shear detection systems that successfully saved lives and property. The article includes a chronological description of the wind shear research and development program, key milestones toward implementation, and the research-to-operations best practices employed for successful technology transfer.
Systematic Evaluation of a High-Resolution CLM5 Simulation over Continental China for 1979–2018
Authors: Ma Xin , Wang Aihui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The land surface model is extensively used to simulate turbulence fluxes and hydrological and momentum variables at the land–atmosphere interface. In this study, the Community Land Model, version 5 (CLM5), driven by the 0.1° × 0.1° Chinese Meteorological Forcing Dataset (CMFD) and the field-surveyed soil parameters, is used to simulate land surface processes during 1979–2018. Various high-quality land surface datasets are adopted to assess the model simulations. In general, the CLM5 well captures the monthly variations of 0–10-cm soil moisture in subregions, particularly in the Tibetan Plateau, with an anomaly correlation coefficient between 0.56 and 0.88. However, the simulated soil moisture shows overall wet biases in the whole country, resulting from several reasons. The model simulation is skillful in replicating both the magnitude and spatial pattern when they are compared with the MODIS snow cover dataset. Compared with in situ measured soil temperature in multiple soil layers within 320-cm soil depth from 1980 to 2018, the simulations accurately capture spatial patterns, vertical profiles, and long-term warming trends. For land surface energy components, the simulations have a highly temporal correlation with the observation of Chinese Flux Observation and Research Network (ChinaFLUX) cropland and grassland sites, except for four forest sites, where biases exist in both atmospheric forcing variables and surface vegetation phenology in the model default input dataset. In summary, this study reveals the overall capability of CLM5 in reproducing land surface energy fluxes and hydrological variables over conterminous China, and the validation results may also provide some references for future model improvement and application.

Significance Statement
The offline Community Land Model, version 5 (CLM5), driven by a 0.1° × 0.1° (∼10 km) horizontal resolution atmospheric forcing dataset and a set of field-surveyed soil parameters, are used to simulate the land surface hydrological and heat fluxes in continental China for 1980–2018. The simulated hydrological variables and energy fluxes are validated with various sources of high-quality observation-based datasets. From our systematic evaluations, the current CLM5 high–resolution simulation accurately captures the spatial patterns and temporal variations in most of the water and energy balance components, although biases exist in some simulated variables. Overall, this study reveals the capability of the offline CLM5 simulation in conterminous China and provides the reference for future model improvement and application.
Potential and Limitations of a Commercial Broadband Echo Sounder for Remote Observations of Turbulent Mixing
Authors: Muchowski Julia , Umlauf Lars , Arneborg Lars , Holtermann Peter , Weidner Elizabeth , Humborg Christoph , Stranne Christian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Stratified oceanic turbulence is strongly intermittent in time and space, and therefore generally underresolved by currently available in situ observational approaches. A promising tool to at least partly overcome this constraint are broadband acoustic observations of turbulent microstructure that have the potential to provide mixing parameters at orders of magnitude higher resolution compared to conventional approaches. Here, we discuss the applicability, limitations, and measurement uncertainties of this approach for some prototypical turbulent flows (stratified shear layers, turbulent flow across a sill), based on a comparison of broadband acoustic observations and data from a free-falling turbulence microstructure profiler. We find that broadband acoustics are able to provide a quantitative description of turbulence energy dissipation in stratified shear layers (correlation coefficient r = 0.84) if the stratification parameters required by the method are carefully preprocessed. Essential components of our suggested preprocessing algorithm are 1) a vertical low-pass filtering of temperature and salinity profiles at a scale slightly larger than the Ozmidov length scale of turbulence and 2) an automated elimination of weakly stratified layers according to a gradient threshold criterion. We also show that in weakly stratified conditions, the acoustic approach may yield acceptable results if representative averaged vertical temperature and salinity gradients rather than local gradients are used. Our findings provide a step toward routine turbulence measurements in the upper ocean from moving vessels by combining broadband acoustics with in situ CTD profiles.