bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Assessment of Debris Flows in Small Watersheds on the Northeast Margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau—A Case Study of Zhujiagou Watershed
Authors: Qiu Zhanlin , Yang Weimin , Wu Jihuan , Wan Feipeng , Zha Xuan , Liu Chenyang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, fractures and fault zones have developed in this area, where earthquakes and extreme rainfall frequently induce debris flow disasters, which seriously threaten the safety of the people and properties. In this study, Zhujiagou, Minxian County, Gansu Province in China, has a typical debris flow channel in a small watershed on the northeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which has been used as the case study for risk assessment. A debris flow-risk assessment method has been developed in this study. The fusion algorithm of entropy weight and coefficient of variation has been used to evaluate the susceptibility of debris flow in each tributary channel in the watershed. Further, numerical simulation of the debris flow events at the main channel and at the high-prone debris flow tributary channel has been carried out. The “7.18” Zhujiagou debris flow event has been used to verify that the accuracy of the numerical simulation is higher than 74.12%. This method has been applied to design the Zhujiagou debris flow-risk zoning under extreme rainfall conditions, aimed at forming a set of debris flow-risk evaluation system suitable for this type of small watershed. The results show that the peak single-width clear water flow at the mouth of the channel, the length of the channel, and the shallow surface rock formation are the main factors influencing the susceptibility of debris flow. The main tributaries of the watershed are Hagu channel, Zhuling channel, Songshu channel, and Langjia channel which are all high-prone debris flow channels. The Zhujiagou debris flow accumulation fan under the designed 1% rainfall frequency will block the Taohe, which will threaten the safety of the residents and properties near the channel, at the mouth of the channel and in the urban area on the opposite bank of the Taohe. Compared with Hagugou, Zhulinggou, and Songshugou, the low-risk area is Langjiagou. The research results of this study can be used for evaluation methods and as a basis for preventing debris flow disasters on the northeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Multifrequency Inversion of Complex Electrical Conductivity Measurements for Simultaneous Assessment of Wettability, Porosity, and Water Saturation
Authors: Posenato Garcia Artur , Heidari Zoya , Torres-Verdin Carlos 
Published: February 2022

SummaryMultifrequency complex electric measurements are influenced by the joint effects of mineralogy, spatial distribution of fluids and solids, properties of fluids and minerals, and interfacial polarization mechanisms. The interpretation of multifrequency electrical conductivity and dielectric permittivity dispersion can yield information about the dominant dielectric polarization mechanisms. The dielectric polarization mechanisms detected in sedimentary rocks are linked to grain size, shape, and orientation relative to the externally applied electric field, electrochemical adsorption/desorption complexation reactions, wettability, porosity, and fluid saturations. In this work, we introduce a new workflow for multifrequency interpretation of complex permittivity measurements. The introduced workflow enables simultaneous assessment of dominant wettability, porosity, and hydrocarbon reserves. These properties are estimated by minimizing a cost function using a combination of downhill gradient-descent and an evolutionary algorithm. The cost function quantifies the difference between measured and numerically calculated multifrequency complex dielectric permittivity through a recently introduced rock-physics model. We successfully applied the new interpretation workflow to multifrequency electrical resistivity/permittivity measurements obtained from two water-wet and two hydrocarbon-wet sandstone core samples. Simultaneous estimates of wettability, water saturation, and porosity obtained by applying the new interpretation workflow were in agreement with experimental measurements. Assessment of hydrocarbon reserves, porosity, and dominant wettability solely from the interpretation of multifrequency complex-valued electrical measurements is a unique contribution of the introduced workflow. Additionally, the new workflow honors rock fabric and, thus, it minimizes the necessity of extensive calibration efforts. All the parameters needed as inputs to the new interpretation workflow are associated with physical mechanisms at microscopic- and pore-scale domains or realistic and quantitative pore geometry features of the rock.
Determining Severity of Lateral and Torsional Downhole Vibrations While Drilling Surface Holes Using Three Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Alsaihati Ahmed , Alotaibi Bader 
Published: February 2022

Summary
Downhole vibrations while drilling surface holes could pose significant operational risks, such as premature failure of drillstring components. Using expensive downhole sensors is the most accurate and reliable technique to monitor downhole vibrations in real time. The high cost, however, hinders the operator to use such sensors in each well.
This research aims to build different machine learning (ML) models, namely, K-nearest neighbors (K-NN), logistic regression (LR), and random forests (RF), to determine the severity of downhole vibrations (i.e., lateral and torsional while drilling surface holes). Actual field data of 10 wells, where the operator used downhole sensors to monitor downhole vibrations, were used to build predictive models. The input variables included drilling surface parameters and daily operational drilling reports, while the output variables were the severity of the downhole vibrations. One-hot encoding was applied to all categorical variables to convert them to a suitable format for ML modeling. During the model’s development, a new approach that considers the previous actual and predicted vibrations was applied to enable the ML models to learn from the past to classify the severity of vibrations in the future. The developed models were optimized by tuning specific hyperparameters for each technique to reach the optimum models’ performance. Well 11 was used to validate the developed models.
The analysis showed that the data set of Well 11 is not balanced in terms of the severity of vibrations. Therefore, the performance of the models was evaluated using macroaveraging and microaveraging methods to depict the actual performance of the models in all classes of the severity of vibrations. The results showed that the LR model outperformed the other models in predicting the severity of downhole lateral and torsional vibrations in Well 11. This indicates that there is a stronger relationship between the input variables and the output variables in our data set in the case of the LR model compared with other models.
The approach described in this paper shows potential for continuous monitoring of downhole vibrations in the subsequent offset wells without the need for installing downhole sensors, hence reducing the overall cost of the well.
Acetylation reprograms MITF target selectivity
Authors: Goding Colin , Louphrasitthiphol Pakavarin , Loffreda Alessia , Pogenberg Vivian , Picaud Sarah , Schepsky Alex , Friedrichsen Hans , Zeng Zhiqiang , Thomas Benjamin , Patton E , Wilmanns Matthias , Filippakopoulos Panagis , Steingrimsson Eirikur , Mazza Davide 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The ability of transcription factors to discriminate between different classes of binding sites associated with specific biological functions underpins effective gene regulation in development and homeostasis. How this is achieved is poorly understood. The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor MITF is a lineage-survival oncogene that plays a crucial role in melanocyte development and melanoma. MITF suppresses invasion, reprograms metabolism and promotes both proliferation and differentiation. How MITF distinguishes between differentiation and proliferation-associated targets is unknown. Here we show that compared to many transcription factors MITF exhibits a very long (>100s) residence time which is reduced by p300/CBP-mediated MITF acetylation at K206. While K206 acetylation also decreases genome-wide MITF DNA-binding affinity, it preferentially directs DNA binding away from differentiation-associated CATGTG motifs toward CACGTG elements. The results reveal an acetylation-mediated switch that suppresses differentiation and provides a mechanistic explanation of why a human K206Q MITF mutation is associated with Waardenburg syndrome.
Quantum Fisher Information of N-Qubit W And GHZ Superposition State Under Nonlocal Operation
Authors: Li Yan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
From the perspective of nonlocal operation, we investigate the Quantum Fisher information of N-qubit W and GHZ superposition state. Taking advantage of the general Ising model and Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model, we analytically present the QFI of N-qubit superposition state. Evidently the traditional fixed QFI is changed and largely increased. As an paradigm, we numerically study the QFI of 3-qubit superposition state with respect to ratio α and interaction strength ε, and find the trends of QFI in both models are similar. There always exists a turning point for QFI and the α is around 0.7. Interestingly, for the interaction strength ε = 1 in Ising model, the well-known Heisenberg limit is almost achieved for all α. Moreover, under the same interaction strength, we compare the QFI of N-qubit superposition state in both models. With the increasing qubits involved, the α for maximal QFI in Ising model is changed from close to 1 to the middle region, while it is different in Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model and the α is close to 1.
Sampling Size Determination: Application In Geochemical Sampling For Environmental Impact Assessment
Authors: Zhou Meng , Chihobve Elizabeth , Zhao Baojin , Song Zhen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Quantification of the uncertainties associated with environmental geochemical prediction as a function of sample size is always a concern when performing specifically an Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA). While the study of determination of sample size in geochemical field is limited, there is a definite need for the development of a methodology together with a protocol which addresses geochemical sampling (sample sizing and representative) analyses in geochemical predictions. Based on Central Limited Theory, this article proposed a statistical methodology for determining sample size and applied this methodology using the Vaal River and West Wits tailing dams in South African as a case study. It also discussed the factors such as confidence interval, acceptable sampling error etc. that could influence sample size estimation and recommended a tradeoff strategy to reduce the sample size for economic reason.
Evaluating Seismic Hazard Map for Specified Seismic Source Fault Using GIS-based 3D Deterministic Model: a Case Study of Low Seismicity Region in Egypt
Authors: DJAMALUDDIN Ibrahim , Indrayani Poppy , Meneisy Ahmed M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Although Egypt may be considered as an area of low seismicity, it has experienced the recurring destructive effects of earthquakes throughout its history. The damage distribution is significantly affected by fault geometry and the local site effects. Thus, an appropriate assessment of seismic hazard became a major challenge for efficient mitigation of the seismic risk. This study develops the Geographical Information System (GIS) based three-dimensional (3D) deterministic model to evaluate the seismic hazard map for specified seismic source fault for Egypt. The geometry of a fault plane is generated by a fault-modeling algorithm in which multiple 3D plane sets are interpreted by fault trace, geology, and topography. For estimating the local site effects, the study area is modeled by a 3D grid-mesh system and the ground motion propagation is estimated at each grid by considering the spatial analysis of average shear-wave velocity and a soil susceptibility map. The developed model is applied to simulate the seismic hazard maps in particular the October 12, 1992, Dahshour earthquake that caused huge disasters. The simulated seismic hazard maps of the October 12, 1992, Dahshour earthquake are validated at the observation of an isoseismal map and the evidence of the locations that caused serious damages. Furthermore, an evaluation of the expected Dahshour earthquake with magnitude 6.5 and October 11, 1999, Beni Suef earthquake is conducted for seismic risk mitigation study. By utilizing the developed model, our results encourage the GIS approach for seismic hazard analysis where 3D models can lead to a more accurate assessment.
The Natural History of the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia Illucens: Insights From Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequences
Authors: Guilliet Joseph , Baudouin Guillaume , Nicolas Pollet , Jonathan Filee 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens is a cosmopolitan fly heavily used by industrial companies to reduce biowaste and produce protein and fat for poultry and aquaculture feed. However, the natural history and the genetic diversity of the BSF are poorly known. ResultsIn this study, we analyzed 677 CO1 sequences derived from samples found all over the five continents, leading us to discover 52 haplotypes, including ten major haplotypes. We refined the definition of these haplotypes by sequencing 59 mitochondrial genomes. We could derive an estimate of the separation events of the different haplotypes at more than two million years for the oldest branches. This worldwide cryptic genetic and genomic diversity is mirrored at a local scale in France, in which we found five major haplotypes sometimes in sympatry.ConclusionsOur data resolve the phylogenetic relationships between the major lineages and give insights into the dispersal and the numbers of BSF neo-introduction at global and local scales. Our results indicate that commercial BSF stock's genetic and genomic diversity is very low. In addition, this broodstock participates in disseminating the BSF in the wild. Taken together, these results call for a better understanding of the genomic diversity of the BSF to unravel possible specific adaptations of the different lineages for industrial needs and to initiate the selection process.
Anamorphic Chaetosphaeriaceous Fungi from China
Authors: Wu Wenping , Diao Yongzhao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Chaetosphaeriaceae is one of the largest families in Sordariomycetes that commonly found on decaying leaf, fruit, branch, bark and wood in both terrestrial and submerged environment in nature. This paper reports our research result of diversity, taxonomy and phylogeny of anamorphic Chaetosphaeriaceae in China, which is based on a systematic study with an integrated approach of morphological observation and phylogenetic analysis for a large collection (>1300 herbarium specimens and 1177 living strains). The family Chaetosphaeriaceae is further expanded to accomendate 89 accepted genera, including 22 new genera and 10 newly assigned genera. Most of these genera (except for Chaetosphaeria and several other relatively large genera) are delimitated as monophyletic genera with well-defined diagnostic characters in morphology. The phylogenetic connection of non-phialidic Sporidesmium -like fungi with the family is further confirmed and expanded to 10 different genera. The polyphyletic Codinaea / Dictyochaeta/Tainosphaeria complex is further resolved with a taxonomic framework of 28 monophyletic genera by redelimitation of Codinaea and Dictyochaeta with narrow concept, acceptance of the 16 established genera, and finally introduction of 10 new genera. Chloridium is phylogenetically redefined as monophyletic genus with narrow concept as typified by the type species, a systematic review in both generic and species level is still needed. For biodiversity of chaetosphaeriaceous fungi, a total of 372 species in 76 genera, including 126 new species, 48 new combinations, and 1 new name, are documented. The identification keys are provided for most genera, especially the large genera such as Codinaea , Codinaeella , Stilbochaeta , Cryptophiale , Thozetella , Dinemasporium and Pseudolachnella . In addition, ten known species were excluded from the family and reclassified. One of the future research area for this family should be the systematic revision of several relatively large polyphyletic genera, including Bahusutrabeeja , Ellisembia , Stanjehughesia , Cacumisporium , Chaetosphaeria , Chloridium , Craspedodidymum , Cryptophiale, Cryptophialoidea , Dictyochaetopsis , Minimidochium , and many published species of Codinaea and Dictyochaeta .
Can Cooperation Stimulate Firms’ Eco-Innovation? Firm-level Evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Sanfeng , Xu Xinyue , Wang Feng , Zhang Jian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Firms’ collaborative activities have created increasing opportunities for eco-innovation in modern society. Based on unbalanced panel data from the Chinese National Innovation Survey between 2011 and 2015, this paper explored the influences of different modes of cooperation, i.e., vertical cooperation, horizontal cooperation, and mixed cooperation, on the eco-innovation of Chinese manufacturing firms. Results indicated that three types of cooperation all had positive and statistically significant effects on the firms’ eco-innovation, and mixed cooperation had promoted eco-innovation more dramatically. The extent of such impacts may vary depending on the heterogeneity of the characteristic of enterprises. We also verified that knowledge spillovers from cooperative partners have played a mediating role between cooperation and eco-innovation. Our results suggest the potential benefits of diversified collaborative activities and appropriate intellectual property protection for firms’ eco-innovation in China.
Determination of essential biomarkers in lung cancer: a real-world data study in Spain.
Authors: Provencio Mariano , Cobo Manuel , Rodriguez-Abreu Delvys , Calvo Virginia , Carcereny Enric , Cantero Alejandra , Bernabé Reyes , Benitez Gretel , Castro Rafael López , Massutí Bartomeu , Barco Edel , Campelo Rosario Garcia , Guirado Maria , Camps Carlos , Ortega Ana Laura , Larriba Jose Luís González , Sánchez Alfredo , Casal Joaquín , Sala M. Angeles , Juan-Vidal Oscar , Bosch-Barrera Joaquim , Oramas Juana , Dómine Manuel , Trigo Jose Manuel , Blanco Remei , Calzas Julia , Morilla Idoia , Padilla Airam , Torrente Maria 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The survival of patients with lung cancer has substantially increased in the last decade by about 15%. This increase is, basically, due to targeted therapies available for advanced stages and the emergence of immunotherapy itself. This work aims to study the situation of biomarker testing in Spain.Patients and Methods: The Thoracic Tumours Registry (TTR) is an observational, prospective, registry-based study that included patients diagnosed with lung cancer and other thoracic tumours, from September 2016 to 2020. This TTR study was sponsored by the Spanish Lung Cancer Group (GECP) Foundation, an independent, scientific, multidisciplinary oncology society that coordinates more than 550 experts and 182 hospitals across the Spanish territory.Results: 9,239 patients diagnosed with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between 2106 and 2020 were analysed. 7,467 (80.8%) were non-squamous and 1,772 (19.2%) were squamous. Tumour marker testing was performed in 85.0% of patients with non-squamous tumours vs 56.3% in those with squamous tumours (p-value <0.001). The global testing of EGFR, ALK, and ROS1 was 78.9%, 64.7%, 35.6% respectively, in non-squamous histology. PDL1 was determined globally in the same period (46.9%), although if we focus on the last 3 years it exceeds 85%. There has been a significant increase in the last few years of all determinations and there are even close to 10% of molecular determinations that do not yet have targeted drug approval but will have it in the near future. 4,115 cases had a positive result (44.5%) for either EGFR, ALK, KRAS, BRAF, ROS1, or high PDL1. Conclusions: Despite the lack of a national project and standard protocol in Spain that regulates the determination of biomarkers, the situation is similar to other European countries. Given the growing number of different determinations and their high positivity, national strategies are urgently needed to implement next-generation sequencing (NGS) in an integrated and cost-effective way in lung cancer.
Photodynamic therapy is beneficial for long-standing Central Serous Chorioretinopathy but the chronic damage may impair visual outcomes
Authors: Katz Gabriel , Gur Efrat , Moisseiev Joseph , Leshno Ari 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) patients are often referred to Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) with very long-term disease because of concerns about the potential negative effects of PDT on the retina and on the visual acuity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of PDT in CSCR eyes with long standing disease.Methods: The medical records of the patients that underwent PDT for CSCR between 2009 and 2019 were reviewed. Cases were divided into two groups based on the duration of disease before PDT treatment: early treatment (3 to 6 months), delayed treatment (longer than 6 months). The treatment was defined as successful when the subfoveal fluid was absorbed during follow up.Results: The PDT treatment was successful in 76% and 77% of eyes in the early and delayed treatment groups respectively. Both groups showed significant improvement in central retina measurements at the 3-months follow up which persisted to the last follow-up visit. The visual acuity (VA) at baseline was significantly worse in the delayed treatment group (0.5±0.26 vs 0.3±0.24, P=0.042) and improved in both groups but remained low in the delayed treatment group during the study.Conclusion: PDT is not associated with loss of vision in eyes with chronic CSCR, and can be safely used in eyes with relatively good VA. We suggest that if CSCR is not spontaneously improving over 3 months the patient should be offered PDT, to prevent VA loss from the long-term presence of subretinal fluid in the macula.