bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capturing Obscenity: The Trials and Tribulations of Saadat Hasan Manto
Authors: Siddique Osama 
Published: December 2022

There is something extraordinarily evocative about great fiction or literary narratives by great writers of fiction on the theme of coercive authority. The celebrated South Asian Urdu essayist and short story writer Saadat Hasan Manto (1912-1955) belongs to a long tradition of highly gifted authors who had the occasion of personally encountering and confronting the cumbersome machinations and the at times mindless and oppressive logic of authority. Like other eminent writers of his ilk, his reflections on his experiences – Manto underwent several criminal trials for allegedly obscene writing – have left posterity with much more than the irate chronicles of someone confounded by an exhausting personal ordeal. We are bequeathed instead with a wealth of deep, astute, and compelling observations of a keen-eyed, sensitive, and articulate man – observations that continue to hold great relevance and wide appeal so many decades later. This article endeavours to capture Manto’s unique critique of imposed legal frameworks for ‘acceptable’ creative expression, as well as his memorable picturization of the spectacle of the legal trial in colonial and post-colonial contexts.
Women Lawyers on TV – the British Experience
Authors: Robson Peter 
Published: December 2022

This paper examines the portrayal on British television of women as protagonists in TV dramas and how this has altered in the past half century. It focuses particularly on two series which follow the fortunes of two Junior barristers and their career paths, each over two separate series. Harriet Peterson and Martha Costello are both women lawyers who appear on behalf of clients in the courts. The barrister branch of the legal profession in England and Wales has always been regarded as the more prestigious branch of the profession from which, traditionally, judges have been selected. The characters are experienced and successful. They have reached that crucial time when they are hoping to be selected as Queen’s Counsel. This step into the top echelon of the elite branch of the split British legal profession is a major marker in a lawyer’s career. It is from the ranks of Q.C.s that the senior judiciary are chosen and where possible fame lies. This paper looks at their contrasting experiences - the context of women lawyers , the style and nature of the work they are shown as undertaking, the characterisation of the legal profession and in particular the principal protagonists. It also provides the crucial context in which these series were produced. It takes note of the ways in which their male counterparts are portrayed in comparable series The major thing which separates the struggles of Peterson and Costello is the passage of time of some 40 years. The paper explores what changes are found in the way the first and second women lawyer major protagonist appear and the context for these changes. In amongst an extensive roster of drama series centred on lawyers, it should be noted that the series Justice with Harriet Peterson ran between 1971 and 1974 and that of Silk with Martha Costello between 2011 and 2014.1 This is a long gap which requires to be looked at in some depth.
Surface Patterns – Surface Law
Authors: Petersen Hanne 
Published: December 2022

On my almost daily bicycle rides in the mornings of the spring and early summer 2013 I began noticing the presence of several women wearing trousers with large printed patterns. I wondered whether this might indicate a certain shift from the dominant modern mono-chromatic norm regarding Nordic / Danish women’s urban (summer) dress. To what extent are fashion norms influencing and interacting with other social and societal norms including, what has in the Western world long been called legal norms – most often understood as state produced norms.
Legal and Musical Interpretation – On the historical and systematic elements in the interpretation of law and music
Authors: Xiong Qi , Fan Jie 
Published: December 2022

Law and music have inner links in their logical structure and both of them need “interpretation” owing to the “gap” between symbolic system and performance as well as between past and present. In the realms of both Western law and Western music, there are different attitudes towards “loyalty” to historical “authenticity”. On comparing the historical elements in law and music, it becomes clear that subjective historical interpretation is not useless in law and objective interpretation can be acceptable in music under some circumstances as in law. The wisdom from music can also be helpful for legal interpretation in the sense that, if an interpretation seems at first glance “superfluous” in the legal system, this does not necessarily mean it is redundant and must be avoided. On the contrary, it might be a hint that it is an “attentional” provision, which has its own value in the legal system, just like attentional symbols in music, which can be important reminders to performers. Finally, between Chinese traditional music and legal practice, there is an “inner link”, although the formality and completeness of the symbolic systems are no longer common features of the two disciplines.
Hans Christian Andersen and the Blue Light
Authors: Mortensen Bent Ole Gram 
Published: December 2022

This article examines the development of energy law illustrated through the authorship of Hans Christian Andersen (1802-1875). The focus is on the implementing of city gas, which happened in the lifetime of H.C. Andersen. Based on the literary observations of H.C. Andersen the changes in the legal framework in energy law and other regulatory areas are analysed. H.C. Andersen’s references to gas lighting provides an emotional experience to change and an approach towards the empathetic understanding to make changing life recognizably human. With this reference I have availed of the opportunity to briefly describe the historical development of energy and laws which were introduced and developed into the modern legislation we now have. – Through his literary greatness H.C Andersen not only generates an attitude of respect toward energy but also widens horizons for lawyers when we look at the energy challenges on the global level.
Correlation between Fructose Consumption Habits and Insulin Resistance with TyG Index Biomarkers Manifesting Metabolic Syndrome at the Elderly Monjok Integrated Services Post (Posyandu)
Authors: Nabila Callista Qonita Putri , Mudjihartini Ninik 
Published: December 2022

Aims: This study aims to prove the relationship between the habit of consuming food and/or drinks containing fructose and the occurrence of insulin resistance which manifests as metabolic syndrome in subjects at the Elderly Monjok Integrated Service Post (Posyandu), Mataram City, Indonesia.
Study Design: Observational study with a cross-sectional design.
Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Elderly Monjok Integrated Service Post (Posyandu), Mataram City, Indonesia from May to July 2022.
Methodology: The study subjects were 48 people (10 men, 38 women, age range 45-90 years old). Fructose intake was collected using the 24 hours food recall method and assessed using the nutrisurvey software. Insulin Resistance is determined by the TyG Index method. Metabolic Syndrome is determined based on the parameter of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III).
Results: The study results showed that 52.1% of the subjects at the Elderly Monjok Integrated Service Post (Posyandu) Mataram city had insulin resistance and 62.5% had metabolic syndrome. The Chi-Square test showed that there was a significant relationship between fructose consumption habits and the occurrence of insulin resistance (ˆP=0.000) and metabolic syndrome (P=0.001).
Conclusion: This study proves that there is a significant relationship between fructose consumption habits and the occurrence of insulin resistance which manifests as metabolic syndrome, on the subjects at the Elderly Monjok Integrated Service Post (Posyandu), Mataram City, Indonesia.
Cultural Characteristics and Molecular Confirmation of Ustilaginoidea virens the Incitant of False Smut of Rice
Authors: Nithila G. , Gopalakrishnan C. , Nakkeeran S. , Saraswathi R. , Sivakumar U. 
Published: December 2022

Aims: Ustilaginoidea virens, which causes false smut of rice (synonyms: green smut or pseudo smut), is an emerging grain disease around the world. The main aim of the study is to find out suitable culturable medium, carbon sources and pH for the growth of false smut pathogen and molecular confirmation of U. virens isolates.
Place and Duration of Study: The in vitro studies were conducted in the Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, between December 2020 to April 2021.
Methodology: To study the growth pattern of U.virens, five different carbon sources and mediums were used. Standardization of pH was done using a PSA medium amended with different pH levels. DNA extraction of all 13 isolates were done using the CTAB method. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 12 software.
Results: It is a slow-growing pathogen and grew well in the potato sucrose agar medium with a mycelial growth of about (54.00 mm) after 30 days and sucrose was found to be a good carbon source. The pH of 5 was found to be optimum. PCR reaction was carried out to further validate 13 isolates using three sets of primer pairs ITS 1/ITS 4, US1-5/US3-3, and US 2-5/US 4-3 with amplified products of 560 bp, 380 bp and 260 bp. Accession numbers were obtained for all the isolates.
CD73/NT5E is a Potential Biomarker for Cancer Prognosis and Immunotherapy for Multiple Types of Cancers
Authors: Li Huisheng , Xie Peng , Li Ping , Du Yuheng , Zhu Jiajia , Yuan Yudong , Wu Chao , Shi Yantao , Huang Zhiyong , Wang Xudong , Liu Dongying , Liu Weishuai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCluster of Differentiations 73 (CD73)/ecto‐5'‐nucleotidase (NT5E) is a novel type of immune molecular marker expressed on many tumor cells and involved in regulating the essential immune functions and affecting the prognosis of cancer patients. However, it is not clear how the NT5E is linked to the infiltration levels of the immune cells in pan‐cancer patients and their final prognosis. This study explores the role of NT5E in 33 tumor types using GEPIA, TIMER, Oncomine, BioGPS databases, and several bioinformatic tools. The findings reveal that the NT5E is abnormally expressed in a majority of the types of cancers and can be used for determining the prognosis prediction ability of different cancers. Moreover, NT5E is significantly related to the infiltration status of numerous immune cells, immune‐activated pathways, and immunoregulator expressions. Last, specific inhibitor molecules, like NORNICOTINE, AS‐703026, and FOSTAMATINIB, which inhibit the expression of NT5E in various types of cancers, are screened with the CMap. Thus, it is proposed that NT5E can be utilized as a potential biomarker for predicting the prognosis of cancer patients and determining the infiltration of various immune cells in different types of cancers.
Holy Water: Photo‐Brightening in Quasi‐2D Perovskite Films under Ambient Enables Highly Performing Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Duan Yanyan , Oropeza Freddy E. , Jin Xueze , Amargós‐Reyes Olivia , Atoini Youssef , Cavinato Luca M. , Nagy Gergely Norbert , Kahaly Mousumi Upadhyay , de la Peña O'Shea Víctor A. , Wang De‐Yi , Costa Rubén D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractQuasi‐2D perovskites provide new opportunities for lighting and display applications due to their high radiative recombination and excellent stability. However, seldom attention has been placed on their self‐stability/working operation under ambient storage. Herein, quasi‐2D perovskites/Polyethylene oxide (PEO) films are studied, showing an unforeseen photo‐brightening effect under ambient storage (i.e., an increase of the photoluminescence quantum yield from 55% to 74% after 100 days). In stark contrast, those stored under a dark/inert atmosphere show a significant decrease down to 38%. This counterintuitive phenomenon responds to the increasing radiative recombination rate caused by the passivation of the surface Br vacancies in the presence of physically adsorbed water molecules, as corroborated by in situ/ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. Capitalizing on this surprising effect, stable light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) using quasi‐2D perovskites/PEO color filters are fabricated, realizing high stabilities of ≈400 h@10 mA under operating ambient conditions, representing a 20‐fold enhancement compared to LEDs with 3D counter partners. Hence, this study reveals a unique insight into the impact of water passivation on the optical/structural properties of quasi‐2D perovskite films, broadening their applications under operating ambient conditions.
Adjusting peanut plant density and potassium fertilization for different production environments
Authors: Cordeiro Carlos Felipe dos Santos , Pilon Cristiane , Echer Fábio Rafael , Albas Renato , Tubbs R. Scott , Harris Glendon H. , Rosolem Ciro Antonio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPeanut pod yield and its response to fertilizer‐K can be affected by the environment × plant density interaction. Research was conducted with the objective of determining peanut growth and yield response to planting density and fertilizer‐K application under rainfed conditions in Brazil and irrigation in the United States. The effects of plant planting density and K fertilization were more frequent in rainfed areas, compared to irrigated environments. Peanut leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter accumulation (DM) increased with increasing plant density (mainly at 30 days after plant emergence—average increments of 70% and 80% for LAI and DM, respectively), whereas the stomatal conductance was decreased, mainly in rainfed fields. In low‐K soil, the application of 50 kg ha−1 of K increased leaf K concentration (12% [Brazil], first‐year area and 28% crop rotation area) and stomatal conductance in rainfed fields, resulting in greater yield (23% [1340 kg ha−1; Brazil], first‐year area) at low plant density. In the irrigated fields, yield increased with plant densities up to 19 plants m−2. For rainfed crops, plant density exceeding 11 plants m−2 resulted in lower yield in the area of adequate K content in the soil. Therefore, in rainfed fields, plant density must be low to assure peanuts response to K. In irrigated environments, high plant density is less detrimental to peanut yield, but no increase is observed with plant density greater than 19 plants m−2. Additionally, there was no yield increase with the application of 50 kg ha−1 of K, in irrigated environments.
Target sequence data shed new light on the infrafamilial classification of Araceae
Authors: Haigh Anna L. , Gibernau Marc , Maurin Olivier , Bailey Paul , Carlsen Mónica M. , Hay Alistair , Leempoel Kevin , McGinnie Catherine , Mayo Simon , Morris Sarah , Pérez‐Escobar Oscar Alejandro , Yeng Wong Sin , Zuluaga Alejandro , Zuntini Alexandre R. , Baker William J. , Forest Félix 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPremiseRecent phylogenetic studies of the Araceae have confirmed the position of the duckweeds nested within the aroids, and the monophyly of a clade containing all the unisexual flowered aroids plus the bisexual‐floweredCalla palustris. The main objective of the present study was to better resolve the deep phylogenetic relationships among the main lineages within the family, particularly the relationships between the eight currently recognized subfamilies. We also aimed to confirm the phylogenetic position of the enigmatic genusCallain relation to the long‐debated evolutionary transition between bisexual and unisexual flowers in the family.MethodsNuclear DNA sequence data were generated for 128 species across 111 genera (78%) of Araceae using target sequence capture and the Angiosperms 353 universal probe set.ResultsThe phylogenomic data confirmed the monophyly of the eight Araceae subfamilies, but the phylogenetic position of subfamily Lasioideae remains uncertain. The genusCallais included in subfamily Aroideae, which has also been expanded to include Zamioculcadoideae. The tribe Aglaonemateae is newly defined to include the generaAglaonemaandBoycea.ConclusionsOur results strongly suggest that new research on African genera (Callopsis,Nephthytis, andAnubias) andCallawill be important for understanding the early evolution of the Aroideae. Also of particular interest are the phylogenetic positions of the isolated generaMontrichardia,Zantedeschia, andAnchomanes, which remain only moderately supported here.
Tooth chipping patterns in Archaeolemur provide insight into diet and behavior
Authors: Towle Ian , Constantino Paul J. , Borths Matthew R. , Loch Carolina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesArchaeolemur is a recently extinct genus of lemur that is often compared to some Cercopithecidae, especially baboons. This is due in part to their derived dentition, with large anterior teeth and reduced bilophodont molars. Research involving comparative morphology, analysis of coprolites, isotopes, and enamel structure, have suggested Archaeolemur had an omnivorous diet involving mechanically challenging items. Yet, microwear analysis of posterior teeth does not necessarily support this conclusion.Materials and MethodsIn this macroscopic study, dental chipping was recorded on permanent teeth of Archaeolemur from different localities (53 individuals; 447 permanent teeth; including both A. edwardsi and A. majori specimens). This study aimed to compare chipping patterns across the dentition of Archaeolemur with chipping in other primates.ResultsThe results show enamel chipping was prevalent on the anterior teeth of Archaeolemur (38.9% of anterior teeth showed at least one fracture) yet rare in posterior teeth (9%). There was a decrease in chipping frequency across the dentition, moving distally from incisors (50%; 20/40), through caniniform teeth (30%; 15/50), premolars (9.5%; 16/169), and molars (8.5%; 16/188).DiscussionThe results support previous research suggesting Archaeolemur had a varied omnivorous diet in which the anterior dentition was used for extensive food processing. This likely included mechanically challenging items such as tough/hard large fruits, small vertebrates, and crustaceans. Such a high rate of chipping in the anterior dentition is uncommon in other primates, with exception of hominins.
Highly Selective Transmembrane Transport of Exogenous Lithium Ions through Rationally Designed Supramolecular Channels
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Chenyang , Dong Xin , Dong Zeyuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLithium ions have been applied in the clinic in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. In this work, we report artificial supramolecular lithium channels composed of pore‐containing small aromatic molecules. By adjusting the lumen size and coordination numbers, we found that one of the supramolecular channels developed shows unprecedented transmembrane transport of exogenous lithium ions with a Li+/Na+ selectivity ratio of 23.0, which is in the same level of that of natural Na+ channels. Furthermore, four coordination sites inside channels are found to be the basic requirement for ion transport function. Importantly, this artificial lithium channel displays very low transport of physiological Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ ions. This highly selective Li+ channel may become an important tool for studying the physiological role of intracellular lithium ions, especially in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
Cascade filter system tests for airborne nano‐ and microplastic particle analytics in a laboratory dust chamber
Authors: Miclea Paul‐Tiberiu , Khan Muhammad Zahid , Richter Susanne , Hagendorf Christian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMeasuring nano‐ and microplastic particle (NMP) loads in air requires suitable analytical filter systems that allow a size‐selective separation of airborne nano‐ and microplastic (NMP) fractions. Previously, various filter materials and setups including nano/micro cascade filtration stacks have been presented (P.‐T. Miclea, 2022). To evaluate these novel filter systems, implementing reliable sampling procedures and instrumentation, as well as sample handling, well‐defined test setups, NMP reference materials, and procedures are of major interest. In this study, a novel triple‐stage silicon (Si) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) cascade filter system for airborne NMP particles is tested in a laboratory environment. Special focus is put on its ability for size‐selective analytical filtration of airborne NMP particles based on a well‐defined mixture of poly‐ and monodisperse NMP reference materials. For this purpose, a laboratory dust test chamber has been adapted for the dispersion of NMP particles in air as well as the vacuum air extraction through the cascade filter system. A defined NMP test material was fabricated from polydisperse polyethylene (PE) and PE terephthalate, and monodisperse polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, spanning a size region from 130 nm to >22 µm. Dispersion and filtration experiments are performed by vacuum extraction under defined temperature, pressure, and humidity conditions on single and triple filtration stages. NMP particle analytics are performed with polydisperse PE particles on a single‐stage filter system with subsequent optical microscopy. Here, the aim is to detect the filtration cutoff for retained particles and transmitted particles referring to initial distribution. A second experiment is run on a triple filtration cascade with mixed poly‐ and monodisperse NMP test material. The different filter stages are equipped with analytical Si and Al2O3 filters with pore sizes of 10 µm, 1 µm, and 100 nm, to test the size selectivity and sealing of the complete cascade setup. The NMP particle size distribution on the individual analytical filter substrates is analyzed by optical and scanning electron microscopy to assess size selectivity performance of the triple‐stage setup. The obtained results in our laboratory NMP dust‐dispersion test chamber demonstrate requirements and limitation of size‐selective NMP cascade filter systems and the involved analytical procedures. Future applications in real indoor and outdoor environments will be discussed.
Effect of biomass liquefaction on glucose and xylose prices predicted by National Renewable Energy Laboratory biochemical sugar model
Authors: Patil Akash , Engelberth Abigail S. , Ladisch Michael R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) published a model in 2017 that enables the minimum selling price of lignocellulosic sugar to be calculated. The model can be modified to suit any biomass feedstock and operational design. In the present case, the model is used to understand the economics of a process configuration that incorporates liquefaction as a preprocessing step in corn‐stover‐fed biorefinery. This study demonstrates a quantitative approach utilizing an existing biorefinery setup to simulate the biomass liquefaction technique while estimating the price of the resulting sugar product. The objective is to understand whether the addition of liquefaction methodology – and the substitution of acid pretreatment – can reduce the cost of lignocellulosic sugars. The reason for setting up a liquefaction unit at the start is to reduce the yield stress of biomass slurry so that the flow remains unrestricted downstream. The liquefaction process is also unique because it uses no chemicals and saves the cost of pretreatment. The pretreatment step is bypassed because the output of liquefaction can be fed into enzyme hydrolysis just after simple cooking. The liquefaction process can be performed in three modes: enzyme, enzyme mimetic, and a combination of enzyme and enzyme mimetic. The results from the BC1707 model indicate the minimum cost for the enzyme liquefaction route. © 2022 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.