bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional MXene: Improve electromagnetic interference shielding of PPy/PDA/Ti3C2Tx composites in X‐ and Ku‐band
Authors: Wu Datong , Cheng Xue , Zhang Tianze , Gao Hong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith the development of technology, life is full of electromagnetic pollution; therefore we need to shield the electromagnetic signals that are undesirable and harmful to us. In this work, polypyrrole (PPy)/polydopamine (PDA)/Ti3C2Tx composites were successfully prepared for electromagnetic interference shielding applications by a simple polymerization method and mixing process. We investigated the electrical conductivity, thermal properties, electromagnetic interference shielding effect (EMI SE), and its EMI attenuation mechanism of PPy/PDA/Ti3C2Tx composites. By adjusting the content of Ti3C2Tx in the PPy/PDA/Ti3C2Tx composites (from 0 to 12 vol%), the conductivity of the composites increased considerably from 34.6 to 884.1 S m−1, and the maximum EMI SE of the composites in Ku‐band varied accordingly from 4.30 to 21.82 dB. Additionally, the thermal stability of the PPy/PDA/Ti3C2Tx (12 vol%) composite was improved due to the addition of Ti3C2Tx and PDA, with a change in mass loss from 59.25% to 29.34% at 900°C. These results highlight that the investigated PPy/PDA/Ti3C2Tx composites are promising materials for EMI shielding.
“It's embarrassing to come here”: Welfare‐to‐work, emotion rules, and emotional capital
Authors: Turgeon Brianna , Root Kaitlyn , Ray Kasey , Taylor Tiffany 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNeoliberal discourse about achievement impacts our cultural expectations for how people on welfare “should” feel regarding work, motivation, and shame. In this paper, we build on the literature on emotions, work, and inequality by examining the embeddedness of feeling rules in welfare‐to‐work programs. We analyze interviews with Ohio Works First cash assistance program managers in Ohio counties (n = 69) to understand how managers emphasize emotional displays that make clients more desirable to employers. We argue that welfare‐to‐work county managers value emotional capital based in the neoliberal and paternal ideologies of the State. We find that welfare managers use emotion rules to (1) emphasize pride and the role of emotional capital in workplace success and (2) invoke shame to discourage workplace failure. By emphasizing emotional capital as a pathway to success, Ohio Works First managers underplay structural factors contributing to poverty and social mobility.
Digital H∞ filter design for a low frequency multiple‐input multiple‐output system with multirate measurements
Authors: Yang Hongjiu , Wang Shuaiying , Li Peng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this article, a digital filter is designed for a low frequency multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) system with multirate measurements from multiple samplers. A delay compensation is introduced to reduce estimation errors from the multiple samplers and a zero‐order holder. A single‐rate error system is obtained by converting the low frequency MIMO system using a discrete‐time lifting technique. A digital filter is proposed based on a delay‐partitioning method to guarantee asymptotic stability and performance for the single‐rate error system. A numerical example is provided to show effectiveness and superiority of the digital filter in low frequency domain.
Nanocarriers Made of Proteins: Intracellular Visualization of a Smart Biodegradable Drug Delivery System
Authors: Frey Marie‐Luise , Han Shen , Halim Henry , Kaltbeitzel Anke , Riedinger Andreas , Landfester Katharina , Lieberwirth Ingo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis work analyzes the intracellular fate of protein‐based nanocarriers along their endolysosomal pathway by means of correlative light and electron microscopy methods. To unambiguously identify the nanocarriers and their degradation remnants in the cellular environment, they are labeled with fluorescent, inorganic nanoplatelets. This allows tracking the nanocarriers on their intracellular pathway by means of electron microscopy imaging. From the present data, it is possible to identify different cell compartments in which the nanocarriers are processed. Finally, three different terminal routes for the intracellular destiny of the nanocarriers are presented. These findings are important to reveal the degradation process of protein nanocapsules and contribute to the understanding of the therapeutic success of an encapsulated drug.
Defect‐Rich, Highly Porous PtAg Nanoflowers with Superior Anti‐Poisoning Ability for Efficient Methanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Qiao Meng , Wu Hao , Meng Fan‐Yi , Zhuang Zhongbin , Wang Jie‐Xin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe design of efficient and sustainable Pt‐based catalysts is the key to the development of direct methanol fuel cells. However, most Pt‐based catalysts still exhibit disadvantages including unsatisfied catalytic activity and serious CO poisoning in the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). Herein, highly porous PtAg nanoflowers (NFs) with rich defects are synthesized by using liquid reduction combining chemical etching. It is demonstrated that the proportion of precursors determines the inhomogeneity of alloy elements, and the strong corrosiveness of nitric acid to silver leads to the eventual porous flower‐like structure. Impressively, the optimal etched Pt1Ag2 NFs have the mixed defects of surface steps, dislocations, and bulk holes, and their mass activity (1136 mA mgPt−1) is 2.6 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C catalysts, while the ratio of forward and backward peak current density (If/Ib) can reach 3.2, exhibiting an excellent anti‐poisoning ability. Density functional theory calculations further verify their high anti‐poison properties from both an adsorption and an oxidation perspective of CO intermediate. The introduction of Ag makes it easier for CO to be oxidized and removed. This study provides a facile approach to prepare rich defects and porous alloy with excellent MOR performance and superior anti‐poisoning ability.
Carrier Free O2‐Economizer for Photodynamic Therapy Against Hypoxic Tumor by Inhibiting Cell Respiration
Authors: Huang Jia‐Qi , Zhao Lin‐Ping , Zhou Xiang , Liu Ling‐Shan , Zheng Rong‐Rong , Deng Fu‐An , Liu Yi‐Bin , Yu Xi‐Yong , Li Shi‐Ying , Cheng Hong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAbnormal tumor metabolism causes the hypoxic microenvironment, which greatly limits the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this work, a strategy of metabolic reprogramming is proposed to economize O2 for enhanced PDT against hypoxic tumors. The carrier‐free O2‐economizer (designated as LonCe) is prepared based on the metabolic antitumor drug of Lonidamine (Lon) and the photosensitizer of chlorin e6 (Ce6). By virtue of intermolecular interactions, Lon and Ce6 self‐assemble into nanosized LonCe with favorable stability and high drug contents. Compared with Ce6, LonCe exhibits an improved cellular uptake and photodynamic property for tumor treatment. Moreover, LonCe is capable of inhibiting cell metabolism and mitochondrial respiration to remit the tumor hypoxia, which would promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and elevate the PDT efficacy on tumor suppression. In vivo experiments indicate that intravenously injected LonCe prefers to accumulate at the tumor site for highly efficient PDT regardless of the hypoxic environment. Besides, the self‐delivery LonCe is fabricated without any carriers, which avoids the excipients induced system toxicity and immunogenicity in vivo. This carrier‐free nanomedicine with cell respiratory inhibition mechanism would expedite the development and clinical translation of photodynamic nanoplatforms in tumor treatment.
Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs)‐Based Mixed Matrix Membranes (MMMs) for Gas Separation: A Review on Advanced Materials in Harsh Environmental Applications
Authors: Goh Shu Hua , Lau Hui Shen , Yong Wai Fen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe booming of global environmental awareness has driven the scientific community to search for alternative sustainable approaches. This is accentuated in the 13th sustainable development goal (SDG13), climate action, where urgent efforts are salient in combating the drastic effects of climate change. Membrane separation is one of the indispensable gas purification technologies that effectively reduces the carbon footprint and is energy‐efficient for large‐scale integration. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are recognized as promising fillers embedded in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) to enhance gas separation performance. Tremendous research studies on MOFs‐based MMMs have been conducted. Herein, this review offers a critical summary of the MOFs‐based MMMs developed in the past 3 years. The basic models to estimate gas transport, preparation methods, and challenges in developing MMMs are discussed. Subsequently, the application and separation performance of a variety of MOFs‐based MMMs including those of advanced MOFs materials are summarized. To accommodate industrial needs and resolve commercialization hurdles, the latest exploration of MOF materials for a harsh operating condition is emphasized. Along with the contemplation on the outlook, future perspective, and opportunities of MMMs, it is anticipated that this review will serve as a stepping stone for the coming MMMs research on sustainable and benign environmental application.
Interventions for adapting health care providers to new situations in the workplace during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A scoping review for developing a policy brief
Authors: Babaei Nasib , Avazeh Marziyeh , Doshmangir Leila 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe rapid change in the conditions of health care centers following the sudden onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic led to work challenges and role changes and the transfer of staff to new and unfamiliar workplaces. This study aimed to develop policy interventions to adapt health care providers to the new situation in the workplace during the COVID‐19 pandemic. A systematic literature review was carried out using international databases to identify English‐language studies to identify policy interventions. The viewpoints resulting from the observations of the research team and seven health system experts were used to categorize the interventions. Three main policy interventions were identified: creating a flexible and efficient system through modifying personnel roles, adequate training of health care personnel about work conditions when treating COVID‐19 patients, and creating a supportive and motivating work environment.
The Difficulty of Integrating Religious Diversity into Intercultural Approaches to Education
Authors: Akkari Abdeljalil , Radhouane Myriam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIt is difficult to consider religious diversity within the general framework of intercultural approaches in education. On the one hand, the school cannot ignore the permeability of the school precincts to the pupils’ religious beliefs. On the other, religion, as one of the dimensions of culture, can tend to adopt a hegemonic attitude not very reassuring for cultural relativism. In fact, taking religion seriously within the school means not underestimating its private and personal nature, which is likely to conflict with the public character of the educational institution.
Race, Racism and Anti-racism
Authors: Akkari Abdeljalil , Radhouane Myriam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInter- and multicultural approaches in education activate concepts such as race, racism, ethnicity or discrimination. These concepts are often associated with historical events, which have given them added significance and make their appropriation more complicated. Added to which, they can have different meanings according to the social or cultural group employing them, and according to their geographical or even their historical setting. For all these reasons, it is necessary to learn how to interpret these concepts, to understand the issues connected with their use and to discuss the ways they can be employed in education.
Ernst Denert Software Engineering Award 2020
Authors: Felderer Michael , Hasselbring Wilhelm , Koziolek Heiko , Matthes Florian , Prechelt Lutz , Reussner Ralf , Rumpe Bernhard , Schaefer Ina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis is the introductory chapter of the book on the Ernst Denert Software Engineering Award 2020. It provides an overview of the 11 nominated PhD theses, the work of the award winner, and the structure of the book.
Ever Change a Running System: Structured Software Reengineering Using Automatically Proven-Correct Transformation Rules
Authors: Steinhöfel Dominic 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLegacy systems are business-critical software systems whose failure can have a significant impact on the business. Yet, their maintenance and adaption to changed requirements consume a considerable amount of the total software development costs. Frequently, domain experts and developers involved in the original development are not available anymore, making it difficult to adapt a legacy system without introducing bugs or unwanted behavior. This results in a dilemma: businesses are reluctant to change a working system, while at the same time struggling with its high maintenance costs. We propose the concept of Structured Software Reengineering replacing the ad hoc forward engineering part of a reengineering process with the application of behavior-preserving, proven-correct transformations improving nonfunctional program properties. Such transformations preserve valuable business logic while improving properties such as maintainability, performance, or portability to new platforms. Manually encoding and proving such transformations for industrial programming languages, for example, in interactive proof assistants, is a major challenge requiring deep expert knowledge. Existing frameworks for automatically proving transformation rules have limited expressiveness and are restricted to particular target applications such as compilation or peep-hole optimizations. We present Abstract Execution, a specification and verification framework for statement-based program transformation rules on JAVA programs building on symbolic execution. Abstract Execution supports universal quantification over statements or expressions and addresses properties about the (big-step) behavior of programs. Since this class of properties is useful for a plethora of applications, Abstract Execution bridges the gap between expressiveness and automation. In many cases, fully automatic proofs are in possible. We explain REFINITY, a workbench for modeling and proving statement-level JAVA transformation rules, and discuss our applications of Abstract Execution to code refactoring, cost analysis of program transformations, and transformations reshaping programs for the application of parallel design patterns.
Improving the Model-Based Systems Engineering Process
Authors: Wenckstern Michael von 
Published: February 2022

AbstractModern embedded software systems are becoming more and more complex. Engineering embedded systems raise specific challenges that are rarely present in other software engineering disciplines due to the systems’ steady interactions with their environment. Research and industry often describe embedded systems as component and connector models (C&C). C&C models describe the logical architecture by focusing on software features and their logical communications. In C&C models, hierarchical decomposed components encapsulate features, and connectors model the data flow between components via typed ports. As extra-functional properties, for example, safety and security, are also key features of embedded systems, C&C models are mostly enriched with them. However, the process to develop, understand, validate, and maintain large C&C models for complex embedded software is onerous, time consuming, and cost intensive. Hence, the aim of this chapter is to support the automotive software engineer with: (i) automatic consistency checks of large C&C models, (ii) automatic verification of C&C models against design decisions, (iii) tracing and navigating between design and implementation models, (iv) finding structural inconsistencies during model evolution, (v) presenting a flexible approach to define different extra-functional properties for C&C models, and (vi) providing a framework to formalize constraints on C&C models for extra-functional properties for automatic consistency checks.
Understanding How Pair Programming Actually Works in Industry: Mechanisms, Patterns, and Dynamics
Authors: Zieris Franz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDuring pair programming (PP), two software developers work closely together on a technical task on one computer. Practitioners expect a number of benefits, such as faster progress, higher quality, and knowledge transfer. Much of prior research focused on directly measurable effects from laboratory settings, but could not explain the large variations observed. My research follows the Grounded Theory Methodology and is aimed at understanding how PP actually works by uncovering the underlying mechanisms to ultimately formulate practical advice for developers. The main findings from my qualitative analysis of recordings of 27 industrial PP sessions are: Task-specific knowledge about the software system is crucial for pair programming. Pairs first make sure they have a shared understanding of the relevant parts before they acquire lacking knowledge together. The transfer of general software development knowledge plays a rather small role and only occurs after the pair dealt with its need for system knowledge. Pairs who maintain a shared understanding may have short, but highly-productive Focus Phases; if their Togetherness gets too low, however, a Breakdown of the pair process may occur.
What You See Is What You Get: Practical Effect Handlers in Capability-Passing Style
Authors: Brachthäuser Jonathan Immanuel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStructuring control flow is an essential task almost every programmer faces on a daily basis. At the same time, the control flow of software applications is becoming increasingly complicated, motivating languages to include more and more features like asynchronous programming and generators. Effect handlers are a promising alternative since they can express many of these features as libraries. To bring effect handlers closer to the software engineering practice, we present capability passing as an implementation technique for effect handlers. Capability passing provides the basis for the integration of effect handlers into mainstream object-oriented programming languages and thereby unlocks novel modularization strategies. It also enables programmers to apply lexical reasoning about effects and gives rise to a new form of effect polymorphism. Finally, it paves the path for efficient compilation strategies of control effects.
Open Source Software Governance: Distilling and Applying Industry Best Practices
Authors: Harutyunyan Nikolay 
Published: February 2022

AbstractModern software architectures are becoming increasingly complex and interdependent. The days of exclusive in-house software development by companies are over. A key force contributing to this shift is the abundant use of open source frameworks, components, and libraries in software development. Over 90% of all software products include open source components. Being efficient, robust, and affordable, they often cover the non-differentiating product requirements companies have. However, the uncontrolled use of open source software in products comes with legal, engineering, and business risks stemming from incorrect software licensing, copyright issues, and supply chain vulnerabilities. While recognized by a handful of companies, this topic remains largely ignored by the industry and little studied by the academia. To address this relevant and novel topic, we undertook a 3-year research project into open source governance in companies, which resulted in a doctoral dissertation. The key results of our work include a theory of industry best practices, where we captured how more than 20 experts from 15 companies worldwide govern their corporate use of open source software. Acknowledging the broad industry relevance of our topic, we developed a handbook for open source governance that enabled practitioners from various domains to apply our findings in their companies. We conducted three evaluation case studies, where more than 40 employees at three Germany-based multinational companies applied our proposed best practices. This chapter presents the highlights of building and implementing the open source governance handbook.
Crossing Disciplinary Borders to Improve Requirements Communication
Authors: Hess Anne 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSoftware requirements specifications (SRS) serve as an important source of information for a variety of roles involved in software engineering (SE) projects. This situation poses a challenge to requirements engineers: Different information needs have to be addressed, which are strongly dependent on the particular role(s) that SRS stakeholders have within a project. This chapter summarizes the contributions of a thesis that aimed to address and reduce role-specific defects in SRS that negatively influence the efficient usage and acceptance of these documents. To achieve this goal, we collected empirical data about role-specific information needs in a series of empirical studies that served as a baseline for a secondary analysis toward the definition of role-specific views. Moreover, we realized a proof-of-concept implementation that is capable of generating role-specific views on SRS. The results of a case study revealed that role-specific views have the potential to efficiently support SRS consumers during the analysis of a given SRS. Besides conducting further empirical studies in industry, future work aims to foster cross-disciplinary collaboration and requirements communication, especially in agile teams. Thereby, we are exploring synergy potential with best practices from non-SE disciplines.
DevOpsUse: A Community-Oriented Methodology for Societal Software Engineering
Authors: Koren István 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe demanded fast innovation cycles of the ongoing digital transformation create an unstable environment in which the demands of heterogeneous professional communities need to be addressed. Moreover, the information systems infrastructure of these professional communities has a strong influence on their practices. However, the evolution of the web as infrastructure is shaped by an interplay of new technologies and innovative applications. It is characterized by contrasts, such as centralized versus peer-to-peer architectures and a large number of end users versus a small number of developers. Therefore, our aim is to stabilize these dichotomies apparent in the web by means of an agile information systems development methodology. The DevOps approach promotes stronger cooperation between development and operations teams. Our DevOpsUse methodology additionally fosters a stronger involvement of end-user communities in software development by including them in the process of infrastructuring, that is, the appropriation of infrastructure during its usage. The developed DevOpsUse methodology and support tools have been successfully validated by the transitions between three generations of technologies: near real-time peer-to-peer web architectures, edge computing, and the Internet of Things. In particular, we were able to demonstrate our methodology’s capabilities through longitudinal studies in several large-scale international digitalization projects. Beyond web information systems, the framework and its open-source tools are applicable in further areas like Industry 4.0. Its broad adaptability testifies that DevOpsUse has the potential to unlock capabilities for sustainable innovation.