bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sn‐, Sb‐ and Bi‐Based Anodes for Potassium Ion Battery
Authors: Gu Yan , Ru Pei Ya , Zhao Ming , Cheng Yang Chun , Jiang Qing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOwing to the abundant resources of potassium resources, potassium ion batteries (PIBs) hold great potential in various energy storage devices. However, the poor lifespan of PIBs anodes limit their merchant applications. The exploitation of anode materials with high performance is one of the critical factors to the development of PIBs. Metallic Sn‐, Sb‐, and Bi‐based materials, show promising future thanks to their high theoretical capacities and safe working voltage. However, the rapid capacity decay caused by the large K+ is still a pivotal challenge. In this review, recent progresses on alloying anodes were summarized. Schemes, such as ultra‐small nanoparticles, hetero‐element doping, and electrolyte optimization are effective strategies to improve their electrochemical properties. This review provides an outlook on the nanostructures and their synthesis methods for the alloying‐type materials, and will stimulate their intensive study for practical application in the near future.
Gravitational waves from an inflation triggered first-order phase transition
Authors: An Haipeng , Lyu Kun-Feng , Wang Lian-Tao , Zhou Siyi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Large excursion of the inflaton field can trigger interesting dynamics. One important example is a first-order phase transition in a spectator sector which couples to the inflaton. Gravitational waves (GWs) from such a first-order phase transition during inflation, an example of an instantaneous source, have an oscillatory feature. In this work, we show that this feature is generic for a source in an era of accelerated expansion. We also demonstrate that the shape of the GW signal contains information about the evolution of the early universe following the phase transition. In particular, the slope of the infrared part of the GW spectrum is sensitive to the evolution of the Hubble parameter when the GW modes reenter the horizon after inflation. The slope of the profile of the intermediate oscillatory part and the ultraviolet part of the GW spectrum depend on the evolution of the Hubble parameter when the modes exit horizon during the inflation and when they reenter the horizon during the reheating. The ultraviolet spectrum also depends on the details of the dynamics of the phase transition. We consider the GW signal in several models of evolution during and after inflation, and compare them with the minimal scenario of quasi- de Sitter inflation followed by radiation domination after a fast reheating, and demonstrate that the shape of the GW can be used to distinguish them. In this way, the GW signal considered in this paper offers a powerful probe to the dynamics of the early universe which is otherwise difficult to explore directly through CMB, large scale structure, big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), and other well-studied cosmological observables.
Type IIA embeddings of D = 5 minimal gauged supergravity via non-Abelian T-duality
Authors: Cheung K. C. Matthew , Leung Rahim 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we construct explicit Type IIA uplifts of D = 5 minimal gauged supergravity by T-dualising known Type IIB uplifts on N5 = S5, T1,1 and Yp,q along their SU(2) isometries. When the D = 5 gauge field is set to zero, our uplifts recover precisely the known non-Abelian T-duals of the AdS5× N5 solutions. As an application, we obtain new supersymmetric AdS3× Σ × M5 solutions in Type IIA, where $$ \Sigma ={\mathbbm{WCP}}_{\left[{n}_{-},{n}_{+}\right]}^1 $$
Σ
=

WCP

n
−

n
+

1

is a weighted projective space. Existing holographic results of T-dualised AdS solutions suggest that our solutions capture features of d = 2 SCFTs with $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 2) supersymmetry.
The INDICATE Knee expectations survey detects general patient treatment goals for total knee arthroplasty and the influence of demographic factors on patients expectations
Authors: Wunderlich Felix , Eckhard Lukas , Büttner Matthias , Lange Toni , Konradi Jürgen , Betz Ulrich , Drees Philipp , Lützner Jörg 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Post-operative outcome after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the treatment of end-stage osteoarthritis correlates strongly with pre-operative impairment-driven patient treatment goals. However, a clinical tool for measuring patient treatment goals in correlation to impairments is still missing, which impedes patient-oriented indication in TKA.

Methods
Patients scheduled for TKA were recruited in four German hospitals. All patients were handed the INDICATE Knee Score pre-operatively. The score contains 31 treatment goals with respective impairments, subdivided into seven categories. They were asked to rank all treatment goals and impairments on a 3-point scale. Treatment goals and impairments were then checked for frequency of occurrence. Correlation of goal and impairment was tested. Analysis for associations of treatment goals and different cohort characteristics (age, sex, BMI) was conducted.

Results
1.298 patients were included in the study. Seven treatment goals were categorised as “main goal” from more than 90% of all patients (“knee pain”, “range of motion”, “walking distance”, “overall physical function”, “climbing stairs”, “quality of life”, “implant survival”). Comparing age groups, there were significant associations towards higher expectations regarding working, physical and sports related treatment goals in younger patients (< 65y) (“ability to work” (P ≤ .001), “sports activities” (P ≤ .001), “sex life” (P ≤ .001), “dependence on help of others” (P = .015), “preventing secondary impairment” (P = .03), “dependence on walking aids” (P = .005)). Higher BMI resulted in increasing relevance of “weight reduction” (P ≤ .001), “climbing stairs” (P = .039) “global health status” (P = .015) and “long standing” (P = .007) as a “main goal”. Analysis for differences in treatment goals regarding sex showed women choosing more treatment goals as “main goals” than men.

Conclusion
Seven treatment goals which were expected by > 90% in our collective can be classified as general treatment goals for TKA. Demographic factors (age, sex, BMI) were significantly associated with patients’ expectations for TKA. We conclude physicians should clearly assess their patients’ demands prior to TKA to maximise post-operative outcome.

Level of evidence
Prognostic Level III.
Nanosecond laser ablation threshold of liquid tin microdroplets
Authors: Meijer R. A. , Kurilovich D. , Liu B. , Mazzotta Z. , Hernandez-Rueda J. , Versolato O. O. , Witte S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe laser ablation threshold is an important parameter that governs the response of materials to intense laser irradiation. Here we study the ablation threshold of liquid tin, by irradiating tin microdroplets with nanosecond laser pulses having finely controlled temporal shape and duration. We use the time-dependent reflection from the droplet as the main observable, which exhibits a sharp decrease in magnitude at a given time instance that depends on the laser intensity. This moment marks the generation of a plasma that strongly absorbs the following incident laser light, rapidly expands, and thereby sets in motion the remainder of the liquid droplet. We find an inverse-square dependence of this plasma-onset time on laser intensity and attribute this scaling to the presence of one-dimensional heat diffusion during irradiation. This scaling and its one-dimensional thermal origin is strongly established in literature and follows from a square-root scaling of the thermal diffusion depth with time. Our experiment unambiguously shows that this scaling law holds for our specific case of nanosecond laser impact on tin microdroplets. The results presented in this work are of particular interest to target preparation and metrology in extreme-ultraviolet sources utilizing tin microdroplet targets.
Boreal winter stratospheric climatology in EC-EARTH: CMIP6 version
Authors: Palmeiro Froila M , García-Serrano Javier , Rodrigo Mario , Abalos Marta , Christiansen Bo , Yang Shuting 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe performance of the European Consortium Earth-system model (EC-EARTH) in the boreal winter stratosphere is comprehensively assessed for the first time, in particular its version 3.3 that contributes to CMIP6. A 100-year long simulation with prescribed climatological boundary conditions and fixed radiative forcing, representative of present-day climate, is used to evaluate the simulation of the climatological stratospheric circulation and to identify model biases. Results show that EC-EARTH has a large issue with the vertical distribution of stratospheric temperature from the tropics to mid-latitudes, seemingly linked to radiative processes of ozone, leading to a biased warm middle-upper stratosphere. Associated with this model bias, EC-EARTH simulates a stronger polar vortex at upper-stratospheric levels while the Brewer-Dobson circulation at middle/lower levels is weaker than reanalysis. The amplitude of the climatological planetary waves is overall underestimated, but the magnitude of the background wave injection from the troposphere into the stratosphere is overestimated, related to a weaker polar vortex at lower-stratospheric levels and, thus, a less effective wave filtering. This bias in the westerly flow could have a contribution from parameterized waves. The overestimation of background wave driving is maximum in early-winter, and may explain the overestimated frequency of sudden stratospheric warmings at this time, as compared to reanalysis. The spatial distribution of wave injection climatology has revealed a distinctive role of the climatological planetary waves: while large-scale waves (wavenumbers 1–2) dominate the eddy heat flux over the North Pacific, small-scale waves (wavenumbers 3–4) are responsible for the doubled-lobe structure of the eddy heat flux over Eurasia. EC-EARTH properly simulates this climatological feature, although overestimates its amplitude over central Eurasia.
Linear and nonlinear shear rheology of nearly unentangled H-polymer melts and solutions
Authors: Ianniello Vincenzo , Costanzo Salvatore 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe investigate the linear and nonlinear shear rheology of a marginally entangled H-polymer melt and two solutions made by diluting high molecular weight H-polymers in linear oligomer. In order to approach a nearly unentangled state, dilution is conducted at volume fractions such that the two solutions attain a similar number of entanglements of the melt. Start-up shear experiments demonstrate that the nonlinear behavior of the H-polymer melt is analogous to that of a linear melt with comparable span chain length. Concerning solutions, the increase of chain elasticity in fast flows, coupled with a lesser role of monomeric friction reduction, allows to attain strong stretch in start-up shear tests. As a result, transient strain hardening occurs. Furthermore, a failure of the Cox-Merz rule is observed for the solutions, which indicates that they better conform to a FENE-Rouse chain behavior compared to melts.
Comparison of the efficacy of cochlear implantation and stapes surgery in far advanced otosclerosis: a meta-analysis study
Authors: Teaima Ahmed Abdelmoneim , Elnashar Abdelhamid Abdelhamid , Hakim Ehab Kamal , Hadaey Hanaa Sabry 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study is to compare the hearing outcomes and complications of stapes surgery and cochlear implantation (CI) in patients with far-advanced otosclerosis (FAO).

Data sources
A comprehensive electronic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of science and Cochrane Library was conducted in June 2021 for articles in the literature till this year.

Study selection
Studies are published in English language, conducted on human subjects, concerned with comparison of CI and stapes surgery in the management of FAO, not Laboratory study and not Opinion study. The current review followed the guidelines of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis statement 2009 (PRISMA).

Data extraction
Twenty-six studies were included with 334 patients in CI group and 241 patients in stapes surgery group. Comparison between both groups was done in terms of postoperative complications, audiological outcomes, rete of revision surgery and patients’ satisfaction rate.

Results
Postoperative complications rate was significantly lower in CI (13.6%) than stapes surgery (18.6%). CI had a significantly lower rate of revision surgery (8.1%) than stapes surgery (16.4%). CI had a better mean for pure tone average (29.1 dB) than stapedectomy (52.3 dB) while stapes surgery had a higher mean for recognition of monosyllables and disyllables than CI. CI had significantly higher satisfaction rate than stapes surgery.

Conclusion
Both Stapes surgery and CI are reliable treatment options for FAO with close success rates. Statistics of CI are greater than stapes surgery and CI has a consistent improvement in audiometric outcomes in comparison to stapes surgery.
Spectrum and resistance in bacterial infections of the ocular surface in a German tertiary referral center 2009–2019
Authors: Roth Mathias , Goerke Paul , Holtmann Christoph , Frings Andreas , MacKenzie Colin R. , Geerling Gerd 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Aim of this study was to evaluate the frequencies, trends, and antibiotic resistance of bacteria collected from ocular surface or contact lens material in a German tertiary referral center from 2009 to 2019.

Methods
Microbiological data from 2009 to 2019 was analyzed. Culture-dependent microbial identification and analysis of antibiotic sensitivity was completed by the Institute of Microbiology. Statistical analysis of age- and sex-specific differences as well as changes in the microbial spectrum and resistance over the study period was performed with GraphPad Prism 9.0 applying nonparametric tests (level of significance: p ≦ 0.05).

Results
A total of 6361 specimens were analyzed. Positivity rate was 18.6%. Sixty-three percent (n = 680) of the bacterial isolates were derived from ocular surface and 37% (n = 399) from contact lens material. The ratio of gram-negative bacteria was significantly higher in contact lens material. Multiresistant bacteria showed a significant increase with patient age (p < 0.0001). An overall increase in resistance to levofloxacin (p = 0.0239) was detected. Only 2.4% and 3.1% isolates were resistant to a combination of moxifloxacin and gentamicin, respectively, levofloxacin and gentamicin.

Conclusions
The reported bacterial spectrum is similar to comparable centers. Our data show that it should not be assumed that the newest classes of antibiotics have the best efficacy or lowest resistance levels. In suspected bacterial conjunctivitis, we propose using gentamicin as first-line therapy. In therapy refractive cases and in involvement of the cornea, we recommend a combination of gentamicin and ofloxacin or moxifloxacin. Overall, the evaluated organisms showed good sensitivity to the regularly used antibiotics.
AMPK facilitates the hypoxic ventilatory response through non-adrenergic mechanisms at the brainstem
Authors: MacMillan Sandy , Evans A. Mark 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe recently demonstrated that the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) is facilitated by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in catecholaminergic neural networks that likely lie downstream of the carotid bodies within the caudal brainstem. Here, we further subcategorise the neurons involved, by cross-comparison of mice in which the genes encoding the AMPK-α1 (Prkaa1) and AMPK-α2 (Prkaa2) catalytic subunits were deleted in catecholaminergic (TH-Cre) or adrenergic (PNMT-Cre) neurons. As expected, the HVR was markedly attenuated in mice with AMPK-α1/α2 deletion in catecholaminergic neurons, but surprisingly was modestly augmented in mice with AMPK-α1/α2 deletion in adrenergic neurons when compared against a variety of controls (TH-Cre, PNMT-Cre, AMPK-α1/α2 floxed). Moreover, AMPK-α1/α2 deletion in catecholaminergic neurons precipitated marked hypoventilation and apnoea during poikilocapnic hypoxia, relative to controls, while mice with AMPK-α1/α2 deletion in adrenergic neurons entered relative hyperventilation with reduced apnoea frequency and duration. We conclude, therefore, that AMPK-dependent modulation of non-adrenergic networks may facilitate increases in ventilatory drive that shape the classical HVR, whereas AMPK-dependent modulation of adrenergic networks may provide some form of negative feedback or inhibitory input to moderate HVR, which could, for example, protect against hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia and respiratory alkalosis.
Die Etablierung eines neuen Forschungskonzepts an einem universitären Standort
Authors: Gratl Alexandra , Lobenwein Daniela , Gummerer Maria , Wipper Sabine 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungNeben der klinischen Tätigkeit haben an einem universitären Standort Forschung und Lehre einen großen Stellenwert. Durch die Etablierung eines neuen Forschungslabors an der Universitätsklinik für Gefäßchirurgie der Medizinischen Universität Innsbruck wurden die infrastrukturellen Voraussetzungen zur Gestaltung eines neuen Forschungsschwerpunkts geschaffen. Die Kooperation mit nationalen und internationalen Partnern war für diesen Prozess essenziell. Nicht nur in der Planung und Ausstattung der Räumlichkeiten, sondern auch in der Entwicklung von Studienprotokollen und zur kritischen Diskussion von Ergebnissen ist der Aufbau eines Netzwerkes von großer Bedeutung. Durch die Etablierung der experimentellen Gefäßchirurgie Innsbruck ist nun die Realisierung von Projekten der Grundlagenforschung und der translationalen Forschung an diesem universitären Standort möglich. Zudem spielt die Lehrforschung eine immer größere Rolle, insbesondere um die Ausbildungsstruktur möglichst praxisnah zu gestalten, Nachwuchs anzuwerben und die immer komplexer werdenden Techniken auch praxisnah zu vermitteln.
EQ-5D-5L: a value set for Romania
Authors: Olariu Elena , Mohammed Wael , Oluboyede Yemi , Caplescu Raluca , Niculescu-Aron Ileana Gabriela , Paveliu Marian Sorin , Vale Luke 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
We aimed to develop an EQ-5D-5L value set for Romania.

Methods
In line with the EuroQoL standardized valuation protocol, computer-assisted interviews were conducted face-to-face in a representative sample in Romania (November 2018–November 2019).
Valuation methods included composite time trade-off and discrete choice experiment tasks. Several models were tested, including models that accounted for data censoring, panel structure of the data, heteroscedasticity, conditional logit, and hybrid models. The final model was selected based on logical consistency, theoretical considerations, and use of all available data. We compared our value set with other value sets from Central and Eastern Europe region.

Results
Data from 1493 respondents was used to estimate the value set. A censored hybrid model corrected for heteroscedasticity was selected to represent the value set. The highest decrements in utility were observed for the pain/discomfort dimension (0.375), followed by the mobility dimension (0.293). Health utilities ranged from 1.000 to − 0.323 and 1.3% of the values were negative. The model was corrected with survey weights to better reflect the representativeness of the sample, but the first two coefficients of the self-care dimension stopped being logically consistent. Differences were found between the Romanian, Hungarian and Polish EQ-5D-5L value sets. Good agreement was noted with the Romanian EQ-5D-3L value set, with a swap between pain/discomfort and mobility in ranking of dimensions.

Conclusion
A value set for EQ-5D-5L is now available for Romania. This will push one-step further the development of health technology assessment and encourage more health-related quality-of-life research to be conducted locally.
Dairy Cattle Density and Temporal Patterns of Human Campylobacteriosis and Cryptosporidiosis in New Zealand
Authors: Grout Leah , Marshall Jonathan , Hales Simon , Baker Michael G. , French Nigel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPublic health risks associated with the intensification of dairy farming are an emerging concern. Dairy cattle are a reservoir for a number of pathogens that can cause human illness. This study examined the spatial distribution of dairy cattle density and explored temporal patterns of human campylobacteriosis and cryptosporidiosis notifications in New Zealand from 1997 to 2015. Maps of dairy cattle density were produced, and temporal patterns of disease rates were assessed for urban versus rural areas and for areas with different dairy cattle densities using descriptive temporal analyses. Campylobacteriosis and cryptosporidiosis rates displayed strong seasonal patterns, with highest rates in spring in rural areas and, for campylobacteriosis, summer in urban areas. Increases in rural cases often preceded increases in urban cases. Furthermore, disease rates in areas with higher dairy cattle densities tended to peak before areas with low densities or no dairy cattle. Infected dairy calves may be a direct or indirect source of campylobacteriosis or cryptosporidiosis infection in humans through environmental or occupational exposure routes, including contact with animals or feces, recreational contact with contaminated waterways, and consumption of untreated drinking water. These results have public health implications for populations living, working, or recreating in proximity to dairy farms.
Awareness, Understanding and HIV Stigma in Response to Undetectable = Untransmittable Messages: Findings from a Nationally Representative Sample in the United Kingdom
Authors: Coyne Rory , Walsh Jane C. , Noone Chris 
Published: June 2022

Abstract‘Undetectable = Untransmittable’, or ‘U = U’, is a message which communicates the scientific consensus that people living with HIV who maintain an undetectable viral load cannot sexually transmit HIV to others. This research aimed to empirically test whether a protection-framed U = U message is more effective at decreasing HIV stigma and increasing perceived accuracy of U = U than a risk-framed message. A nationally representative UK sample (N = 707) completed an online experiment. Participants viewed one of two U = U messages (protection-framed or risk-framed) and completed an online questionnaire. No evidence of a difference in HIV stigma at post-test or in perceived accuracy of U = U was found between the two message frame conditions. A minority of participants were aware of U = U prior to participation. Post-intervention, the majority of participants rated U = U as at least somewhat accurate. Higher understanding of U = U was associated with lower post-test stigma following a protection-framed message. Following a brief intervention, among a sample predominantly unaware of U = U previously, there was an overall favourable rating of U = U. No evidence was found for an effect of message framing on HIV stigma or perceived accuracy of U = U, but participants who completed a pre-test measure of stigma rated U = U as less accurate.