bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FETAL BRAIN DAMAGE IN HUMAN FETUSES WITH CONGENITAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION: HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES AND VIRAL TROPISM
Authors: Gabrielli Liliana , Giulia Piccirilli , Liliana Gabrielli , Paola Bonasoni Maria , Angela Chiereghin , Gabriele Turello , Caterina Borgatti Eva , Giuliana Simonazzi , Silvia Felici , Marta Leone , Mario Salfi Nunzio Cosimo , Donatella Santini , Tiziana Lazzarotto 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes congenital neurological lifelong disabilities. To date, the neuropathogenesis of brain injury related to congenital HCMV (cCMV) infection is poorly understood. This study evaluates the characteristics and pathogenetic mechanisms of encephalic damage in cCMV infection. Ten HCMV-infected human fetuses at 21 weeks of gestation were examined. Specifically, tissues from different brain areas were analyzed by: i) immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect HCMV-infected cell distribution, ii) hematoxylin-eosin staining to evaluate histological damage and iii) real-time PCR to quantify tissue viral load (HCMV-DNA). The differentiation stage of HCMV-infected neural/neuronal cells was assessed by double IHC to detect simultaneously HCMV-antigens and neural/neuronal markers: nestin (expressed in early differentiation stage), doublecortin (DCX, identifying neural cells with determined lineage) and neuronal nuclei (NeuN, identifying mature neurons). HCMV-positive cells and viral DNA were found in the brain of 8/10 (80%) fetuses. For these cases, brain damage was classified as mild (n=4, 50%), moderate (n=3, 37.5%) and severe (n=1, 12.5%) based on presence and frequency of pathological findings (necrosis, microglial nodules, microglial activation, astrocytosis and vascular changes). The highest median HCMV-DNA level was found in the hippocampus (212 copies/5ng of humanDNA [hDNA], range: 10-7,505) as well as the highest mean HCMV-infected cell value (2.9 cells, range: 0-23), followed by that detected in subventricular zone (1.8 cells, range: 0-19). This suggested a preferential viral tropism for neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs), residing in these regions, confirmed by the expression of DCX and nestin in 94% and 63.3% of HCMV-positive cells, respectively. NeuN was not found among HCMV-positive cells and was nearly absent in the brain with severe damage, suggesting HCMV does not infect mature neurons and NSPCs do not differentiate into neurons. This could lead to known structural and functional brain defects from cCMV infection.
Detection of HBV DNA in ascitic fluid of decompensated cirrhotic patients to assess infectivity: A novel pilot study
Authors: Singh Shiv Pratap , Verma Sudhir Kumar , Patel M L , Atam Virendra , Jain Amita , Shukla Suruchi , Rungta Sumit , Gupta Harish , Chandra Abhijit , Patwa Ajay Kumar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background and aims: Body fluids such as saliva, tears and urine from patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are well known to be infectious. However, the infectivity of internal body fluids like ascitic fluid from patients with HBV infection has not been established. So, we conducted this study to know the infectivity of ascitic fluid for hepatitis B in decompensated cirrhosis by detecting HBV DNA in it.Methods: Patients with HBV related cirrhosis with ascites were enrolled. The levels of HBV DNA in the ascitic fluid from these patients were quantified by real-time PCR, and compared with HBV DNA levels in serum. Clinical and laboratory parameters to predict HBV DNA positivity in ascitic fluid were also assessed.Results : Twenty one patients (mean age 45.43±13 years) with HBV related cirrhosis with ascites were enrolled. HBV DNA in ascitic fluid was detected in 4/21 (19 %) patients. The ascitic fluid HBV DNA levels ranged from 4.8 to 6.4 log copies/mL (mean ± SD = 5.27 ± 0.55). High levels of serum HBV DNA was significantly associated with HBV DNA detectability in ascitic fluid (p=0.001). Patients with HBV DNA detected in ascitic fluid had significantly higher serum protein levels as compared to those having undetectable HBV DNA in ascitic fluid (6.83 ± 0.33 versus 5.70 ± 0.77 g/dl, p=0.011). Conclusions : HBV DNA is detectable in ascitic fluid in about one fifth of HBV related cirrhosis patients with ascites so it may not be considered an important source for HBV transmission. High serum HBV DNA and high serum protein levels were positively associated with HBV DNA detectability in ascitic fluid.
Application of CD and Eu3+ dual emission MOF colorimetric fluorescent probe based on neural network in Fe3+ detection
Authors: Zheng Yuewei , Wang Xuan , Guan Zhihao , Liu Xinghai , Li Houbin , Zhao Pingping 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A new highly fluorescent hybrid material (CD@Eu-MOF) was synthesized by encapsulating CD (Carbon Dots) prepared from citric acid and ethylenediamine on the basis of a metal-organic framework prepared from Eu3+ and 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid. The prepared composite not only maintains the excellent fluorescence properties of CD and Eu3+ respectively, but also forms a dual-emission fluorescence system, and the system has good stability in aqueous solution. It was further used as a novel fluorescent probe for the detection of Fe3+, which can effectively exclude the interference of other metal ions from the detection, and the intensity ratio of IEu/ICD of CD@Eu-MOF material has a good linear relationship with Fe3+ in the range of 1-200 μM. In this study, computer vision and BP (Back Propagation) neural network were used to train and fit the sample data, and it was verified that the actual fluorescence color of CD has a good linear relationship with Fe3+ concentration. In addition, the BP neural network also verified that the fluorescence spectrum data of CD@Eu-MOF also has a good linear relationship with Fe3+ concentration. This study provides a new method for the fabrication of ratio and colorimetric Fe3+ fluorescence sensors, and provides a feasible solution for the simple and visual detection of Fe3+ in the environment.
Risk Factors for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults: A 10-Year Cohort Study with Generalized Estimating Equation Models
Authors: de Araújo Natacha Christina , Silveira Erika Aparecida , Mota Brenda Godoi , Guimarães Rafael Alves , Modesto Ana Carolina Figueiredo , PAGOTTO VALERIA 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundMuch of the knowledge on the use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) in older adults is derived from cross-sectional studies, with little known about the risk factors over time. AimLongitudinal analysis was applied to estimate the occurrence and risk factors of PIM use among older adults in a 10-year follow-up.Methods Longitudinal study with 418 older adult residents of a capital city of Central-West Brazil. The PIM were classified according to the Beers criteria 2019. The usage rate was calculated at baseline (2008) and at the 10-year follow-up moment (2018). Analysis of predictors (sociodemographic, self-rated health, hospitalization, number of comorbidities, polypharmacy, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and nutritional status) was performed using Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models.ResultsMean age at baseline was 70.6 years (SD 7.1) and 76% were women; 221 older adults took part in the follow up. The rate of PIM use was 50.4% at baseline and 57.5% at the 10-year follow-up. Multiple analysis showed that PIM use in the cohort was statistically higher in the older adults with a history of hospitalization (RRadj: 1.20; 95%CI: 1.01-1.40), with three or more diseases (RRadj: 1.41; 95%CI: 1.14-1.74), with polypharmacy (RRadj: 1.81; 95%CI: 1.47-2.24) and with diabetes mellitus (RRadj: 1.24; 95%CI: 1.05-1.47).ConclusionA high level of potentially inappropriate medication use was observed, reaching 50% of the older adults, with a 7% increase in the prevalence over the 10-year follow-up period. Hospitalization, multimorbidities, polypharmacy and diabetes mellitus were associated with the use of these medications. Interventions for surveillance of the deprescribing process need to be encouraged to avoid potential harm caused by the use of medications.
Radiomics for Differentiation of the Posterior Fossa Pilocytic Astrocytoma Versus Hemangioblastomas in Adults. A Pilot Study
Authors: Sotoudeh Houman , Saadatpour Zahra , Rezaei Ali , Sotoudeh Mahsan , Wheeler Charles A , Singhal Aparna , Tanwar Manoj 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose:Both pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) and hemangioblastoma (HB) are common primary neoplasms of the posterior fossa with similar radiological manifestations. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of radiomics in differentiating these two conditions in adults. Materials and Methods:After a retrospective search of our institutional imaging archive, adult patients with a known diagnosis of PA or HB were included. We reviewed each patient’s most recent preoperative brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The solid enhancing nodule of each lesion on post-contrast T1 sequence was manually segmented. Multiple radiomic features were then extracted from each nodule using the Pyradiomic library. Subsequently, the most predictive features were identified by feature selection models. Following this, different machine learning (ML) models were constructed based on these selected features to classify lesions as PA or HB. Finally, we evaluated the performance of each model by leave-one-out cross-validation. Results:With inclusion and exclusion criteria, 34 enhancing PA nodules and 39 HB nodules were selected. A total of 115 features were extracted from each enhancing nodule. Twelve characteristics were detected as most predictive of histopathological diagnosis. Among various ML models, the neural network had the best performance in differentiating these two conditions with an AUC of 0.9 and an accuracy of 82%. Conclusions:In this retrospective study, radiomic MRI techniques demonstrated high performance in distinguishing adult posterior fossa PA from HB. Future development of radiomic models may advance presurgical diagnosis of these two conditions when added to routine clinical practice and thus improve patient management.
Characteristics of Tsunamis Observed in Japan due to the Air Wave from the 2022 Tonga Eruption
Authors: Tanioka Yuichiro , Yamanaka Yusuke , Nakagaki Tatsuya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A large eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Haʻapai volcano in Tonga on January 15, 2022 generated air-sea coupled tsunamis observed at the ocean-bottom pressure sensor network along the Japan Trench (S-net) in Japan. Initial tsunamis from the 2022 Tonga eruption, detected by 106 ocean bottom pressure sensors, were well modeled by an air-sea coupled tsunami simulation, with a simple atmospheric pressure pulse having a half-wavelength of 300 km and a peak amplitude of 2 hPa. A one-dimensional air-sea coupled tsunami simulation having a simple bathymetry shows that an input atmospheric pressure pulse with a short half-wavelength of 50 km, which is shorter than the length of the slopes, caused an amplitude increase via the Proudman resonance effect near the deep trench. The wavefront distortion due to the separation of the air-sea coupled wave (v=312 m/s) and sea wave (v= sqrt(gd)) is also significant near the shore. In contrast, these effects are not significant for the half-wavelength of the input atmospheric pressure pulse of 300 km. These results indicate that observing the wavelength of an atmospheric pressure pulse due to an eruption is important for forecasting the heights of air-sea coupled tsunamis.
Structure Based Virtual Screening of Rivastigmine Derivatives as Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Authors: Mandal Bhagirath , Niyogi Syamantak , Sarkar Kaushik , Das Rajesh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The interaction of large protein molecules with small drug molecules is studied through in silico studies. The molecular docking and other important pharmacokinetic (ADMET) properties of the compounds were carried out with rivastigmine and its derivatives against protein Bovine Serum Albumin (PDB: 4F5S) to describe their better protein-ligand interactions and binding affinities. Rivastigmine is a promising drug that is used to treat Alzheimer disease. But due to the increased drug resistance property, its use becomes less effective. Hence, better drugs with higher potency are needed against this Alzheimer disease. In order to design a more potent drug computationally, we have taken here 52 derivatives of Rivastigmine and were docked against protein Bovine Serum Albumin. Besides, quantum chemical parameters like HOMO-LUMO bandgap energy and other important pharmacological analysis like ADMET studies were also carried out to predict better drug candidature. Molecular dynamics simulation and MMPBSA binding free energy calculations were also validated. From this computational study, 14 designed compounds were found to have better potency against Alzheimer disease.
Facial Phenotype Changes and Its Impact in Quality of Life of Acromegaly Patients
Authors: Martínez-Momblan Maria-Antonia , Alonso Sergio , Marqués Montse , Salina Isabel , Vázquez Federico , Soldevila Berta , Ciriza Raquel , Puig-Domingo Manel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: to study the potential relationship between disfiguring facial modifications and psychosocial and Quality of Life (QoL) impact in a group of acromegaly patients. Methods: Thirty patients accepted to participate in this study (n=13) women and 56.6% (n=17) men; mean age was 61.1 ± 15.8 and 56.3 ± 12.4 years, respectively. Variables studied included: a) Anxiety level, measured through the State-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire (STAI); b) Quality of life evaluation by AcroQoL; c) Self-esteem status through the Rosemberg Self-Esteem Scale and d) Facial acromegaly phenotypic changes evaluated from face photographs and scored by 8 trained endocrinologists. Results: Gender differences were observed in Anxiety levels, with higher values in women than in men (trait: 6.1±2.2 and 5.0±2.0 (p=0.025); state: 8.2±1.1 and 3.1±2.1 (p=0.004), respectively. Also, there were differences in the global AcroQoL score, being 69.3 (SD±17.7) for males and 51.1 (SD±21.8) for females (p = 0.004) and it was reflected in all dimensions. Self-Steem was similar in both groups. There were lower values at the face appearance scoring in women at pre-diagnostic phase (3.4±1.3 vs. 4.75±1.5). A negative correlation was found between self-esteem and changes in facial scores at the pre-diagnostic and diagnostic periods (rs= -0.559, p=0.074), consistent with a high impact of facial changes in the psychologic status of the patients. Conclusion: acromegaly facial changes negatively impact the psychosocial condition of these patients with maximal deleterious effects observed at the time of diagnosis; these disturbances persist over time despite disease control or curation and are of higher intensity in women.
Determinant of Glass Material’s Parameters for Fiber Optic Application Durability
Authors: NIDZAM NAZIRUL NAZRIN SHAHROL , Lazim Nurul Najwa Farihah Mat , Hadi Az'lina Abdul , Kamari Halimah Mohamed , Khalid Nurul 'Izzah Ab , Nidzam Nazirul Nadzim Shahrol , Razali Nornadiah Mohd , Boukhris Imed , Kebaili Imen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the principle cause of variation in a measured glass durability using a melt-quenching method. Further goal for this study was to find the optimum level of the factor for producing the glass durability. For that purpose, One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed. From the analysis, it was found that all longitudinal modulus, shear modulus 2 and shear modulus 3 were the significant parameters that produced high quality of glass durability (p<0.05). The mean analysis revealed that the best condition that maximizes the average of Longitudinal Modulus 1, 2 and 3 would be when the erbium concentration was 0.05. It was found that the erbium concentration with 0.03 produced the optimum Longitudinal Modulus 4 and 5. The findings also pointed out that the average of Shear Modulus 2 and 3 was maximized when the erbium concentration was 0.03 and 0.05, respectively.
Multicolor Multifocal 3D Microscopy Using In-situ Optimization of A Spatial Light Modulator
Authors: Amin M. Junaid , Zhao Tian , Yang Haw , Shaevitz Joshua 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Multifocal microscopy enables high speed three-dimensional (3D) volume imaging by using a multifocal grating in the emission path. This grating is typically designed to afford a uniform illumination of multifocal subimages for a single emission wavelength. Using the same grating for multicolor imaging results in non-uniform subimage intensities in emission wavelengths for which the grating is not designed. This has restricted multifocal microscopy applications for samples having multicolored fluorophores. In this paper, we present a multicolor multifocal microscope implementation which uses the same grating optics to realize near-uniform multifocal subimage intensities across multiple wavelength emission bands. Using real-time control of an in-situ optimized spatial light modulator (SLM) implemented as a multifocal grating, we demonstrate multicolor multifocal 3D imaging over three emission bands by imaging multicolored particles as well as Escherichia coli (E. coli) interacting with human liver cancer cells, at ∼2.5 multicolor 3D volumes per second acquisition speed. Our multicolor multifocal method is adaptable across SLM hardware, emission wavelength band locations and number of emission bands, making it particularly suited for researchers investigating fast processes occurring across a volume where multiple species are involved.
The effect of addition of MWCNTs nanoparticles to CryoMQL conditions on tool wear patterns, tool life, roughness and temperature in turning of Ti-6Al-4V.
Authors: Wang Ben , Kong Xianjun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In recent years, advancements in the field of nanotechnology have actively been reflected in the manufacturing industry, particularly in the production of aviation components, ships, and medical devices. However, titanium alloys have low thermal conductivity, making them difficult to cut at high temperatures. The traditional processing method is not only inefficient, but can also cause serious harm to the environment and operators. In this paper, multi-walled carbon nanotubes were used as additives to disperse into degradable vegetable oil as a green cutting fluid. This green cutting fluid was cooled to analyze the processing of a titanium alloy (LN2 + Nano-MQL (0.6%)). Cutting experiments were carried out under dry, MQL, LN2, LN2 + MQL, and LN2 + Nano-MQL (0.6%) conditions. The temperature of the machining area, tool wear process, tool wear mechanism, surface roughness, and surface morphology were studied. The results show that the cutting-zone temperature is reduced by 65.1%, the tool life is prolonged by 30%, and the surface roughness is reduced by 48.1% under LN2 + Nano-MQL (0.6%) in comparison to the dry condition. The cutting environment supported by MQL is conducive to inhibiting the formation of craters. Element detection confirmed that the tool coating was well protected under the condition of LN2 + Nano-MQL (0.6%). In addition, the tool nose wear is small under the LN2 + MQL and LN2 + Nano-MQL (0.6%) conditions.
Relationships of seven N6-methyladenosine regulators with the tumor microenvironment and tumor immune infiltrating cells
Authors: Dong Ouyang , Limin Luo , Lifeng Li , Yu Zhao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification plays key roles in tumor cell proliferation, invasion and immune escape, but the function of m6A modification in the tumor immune microenvironment and immunotherapy remain poorly understood.Methods: We researched the expression of seven m6A regulators (METTL3, WTAP, FTO, ALKBH5, ZC3H13, YTHDF1, YTHDF2) and their associations with prognosis using The Cancer Genome Atlas pan-cancer dataset. Further, we explored the relationships between expression of these m6A regulators and tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), stemness score, drug sensitivity, and immune subtype. Additionally, the association of these m6A regulators with the tumor microenvironment, immune-related gene expression, and tumor immune cell infiltration characteristics were systematically analyzed in pan-gynecological cancer. Results: The evaluated m6A regulators exhibited striking prognostic heterogeneity in the pan-cancer dataset. Moreover, expression levels of the m6A regulators were correlated with stemness score, MSI, and TMB in various types of cancer. METTL3, ZC3H13, FTO, and YTHDF1 were highly expressed in immune subtype C5 (immunologically quiet). In pan-gynecological cancers, m6A regulator expression was clearly correlated with stromal score, immune score, immune gene expression, and tumor immune infiltrating cells. Further, ZC3H13 expression was strongly correlated with tumor immune cell infiltration, and positively correlated with selumetinib, trametinib, hypothemycin, vemurafenib, dabrafenib, and cobimetinib drug sensitivity.Conclusions: In gynecological cancers, there are striking relationships between m6A regulator expression and the tumor microenvironment, immune genes, and tumor immune cell infiltration. These findings provide prospects for further investigation of m6A regulators as potential cancer therapeutic targets.
A community-based survey on COVID-19 Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices and Vaccination Hesitance in Moshi, Kilimanjaro Region, Northern Tanzania
Authors: Chilongola Jaffu , Rwegoshola Kevin , Semvua Hadija , Kwigizile Edith 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The development of COVID-19 vaccinations has reignited optimism in many cultures devastated by the pandemic's tremendous loss of lives and livelihoods. Vaccination hesitancy (VH) is a critical and growing international problem in the global effort to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. To successfully handle VH concerns, it is necessary to understand the levels of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours on COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to collect data on COVID-19 knowledge, behaviours, and attitudes as an illness, as well as COVID-19 vaccine.Methods: In October 2021, a cross-sectional research with 232 participants was undertaken. A standardized interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The majority of respondents in the present survey heard about COVID-19 between January and March 2020. Social media, news media, and news papers are the most effective sources of information on COVID-19, reaching 34.48% of the population. Basic COVID-19 knowledge was reported to be moderate. Nearly half of the respondents (48.3%) thought SARSCOV-2 was man-made, while 36.21% were unsure. Good preventive behaviours were indicated by 49.14% of subjects. Overall, we find that around 65% of people are reluctant to get vaccinated against COVID-19. Male gender, low education, and occupation (teachers, health care workers, and students) were shown to be more hesitant about vaccination. In this study, healthcare workers (HCWs) were averse to get COVID-19 vaccine. The reasons for vaccination hesitation were "unknown safety" of the vaccines (17.4%) and "unknown long term consequences" of the vaccines (18.97%). Almost a third (27.59%) of those interviewed said they had no intention of being vaccinated.Conclusion: We report moderate knowledge on COVID-19, as well as effective preventive practices, but negative attitudes regarding COVID-19 vaccination, resulting in low vaccination rates of 6.9%. Misinformation regarding COVID-19 appears to play a key role in vaccination reluctance.