bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Close proximity to blast: No long-term or lasting effect on cognitive performance in service members with and without TBI during blast exposure
Authors: Lu L. H. , Reid M. W. , Troyanskaya M. , Scheibel R. S. , Muncy C. , Kennedy J. E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjective:Blast related characteristics may contribute to the diversity of findings on whether mild traumatic brain injury sustained during war zone deployment has lasting cognitive effects. This study aims to evaluate whether a history of blast exposure at close proximity, defined as exposure within 30 feet, has long-term or lasting influences on cognitive outcomes among current and former military personnel.Method:One hundred participants were assigned to one of three groups based on a self-report history of blast exposure during combat deployments: 47 close blast, 14 non-close blast, and 39 comparison participants without blast exposure. Working memory, processing speed, verbal learning/memory, and cognitive flexibility were evaluated using standard neuropsychological tests. In addition, assessment of combat exposure and current post-concussive, posttraumatic stress, and depressive symptoms, and headache was performed via self-report measures. Variables that differed between groups were controlled as covariates.Results:No group differences survived Bonferroni correction for family-wise error rate; the close blast group did not differ from non-close blast and comparison groups on measures of working memory, processing speed, verbal learning/memory, or cognitive flexibility. Controlling for covariates did not alter these results.Conclusion:No evidence emerged to suggest that a history of close blast exposure was associated with decreased cognitive performance when comparisons were made with the other groups. Limited characterization of blast contexts experienced, self-report of blast distance, and heterogeneity of injury severity within the groups are the main limitations of this study.
The 3‐Machines Energy Transition Model: Exploring the Energy Frontiers for Restoring a Habitable Climate
Authors: Desing Harald , Gerber Andreas , Hischier Roland , Wäger Patrick , Widmer Rolf 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo stabilize the climate, we need to urgently decarbonize our society and remove excess CO2 from the atmosphere. Ambitions for the transformation are ultimately limited by bio‐physical constraints, which cannot be transgressed even if all economic and societal obstacles could be overcome. Even though it is essential to know what transformation pathways are still feasible, there is a lack of studies and models exploring bio‐physical frontiers for climate action. In this paper, we take a first step to explore the energy frontier by introducing the “3‐machines energy transition model.” This simplified representation of the global energy system includes energy feedbacks and is constrained by the maximum renewable energy potential. Simulation experiments with the model show that with most ambitious actions global peak heating may exceed 1.5°C with a chance of 14%. Simultaneously, it is still energetically possible to return to 350 ppm this century, which is considered to be a safe level for atmospheric CO2 concentration. While these energy‐constrained transformation pathways show that the climate can still be stabilized with a fair chance, they also illustrate the urgency and far‐reaching change required in society.
Planning for Climate Migration in Great Lake Legacy Cities
Authors: Van Berkel Derek , Kalafatis Scott , Gibbons Beth , Naud Matthew , Lemos Maria Carmen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe possibility that climate change might make the Great Lakes region (GLR) a more attractive place for people to live has gained traction and attracted media attention. Compared with the dry Southwest, the storm‐ridden Gulf region and the sea‐level rise exposed East and West Coasts, the GLR may fare relatively favorably due to an abundance of natural resources and projected climate amenities. While the emergence and character of such migration is still uncertain, it is essential that GLR urban communities proactively prepare and plan for such a potential future. Understanding how these shifts might affect residents of GLR communities will be critical for a just and sustainable future and for avoiding exacerbating existing inequalities and climate vulnerabilities. Here we propose new scalable methodologies for inclusive engagement that enable wide‐reaching knowledge co‐creation (e.g., web‐based engagement) that can meet the emergent and diverse challenges communities will face. These methodologies have the potential to not only broaden participation and improve practitioners' understanding of different GLR communities' preferences, but also to anticipate emerging tensions and potential synergies associated with increased population pressures.
Cluster Analysis of Dense GNSS Velocity Field Reveals Characteristics Associated With Regional Tectonics in New Zealand
Authors: Takahashi Atsushi , Hashimoto Manabu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNew Zealand is located in the converging zone between the Australian and Pacific Plates. The Pacific Plate is descending beneath the Australian Plate in the north of New Zealand, while the Australian Plate is descending beneath the Pacific Plate in the south. The contrastive tectonics is connected by the Alpine Fault, the transform fault with NE‐SW strike along most of the length of New Zealand. Recently, previous studies showed that a cluster analysis of dense Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) velocity field objectively yields major velocity discontinuities, which may reflect an important tectonic boundary. We applied two different types of clustering algorithms: hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC) and Euler pole clustering (EPC), to the dense GNSS horizontal velocity data in New Zealand. Both methods agree that the primary kinematic boundary lies from the northern Wairarapa region to the southwestern end of the Alpine Fault. The HAC introduces a cluster boundary along the North Island Dextral Fault Belt whereas EPC emphasizes the importance of the Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ). Since EPC fits the data reasonably well, it indicates the TVZ is an important boundary. This result displays the limitation of the flat earth assumption. The Chatham Islands is identified as an independent cluster by the HAC, but not by the EPC. Further cluster splits illustrate that the relative motion between the two plates is accommodated by distributed deformation in the Marlborough Fault Zone in the South Island whereas the North Island is characterized by local block rotations.
Small‐Scale Spatial Variations of Air‐Sea Heat, Moisture, and Buoyancy Fluxes in the Tropical Trade Winds
Authors: Iyer Suneil , Drushka Kyla , Thompson Elizabeth J. , Thomson Jim 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObservations from two autonomous Wave Gliders and six Lagrangian Surface Wave Instrument Float with Tracking drifters in the northwestern tropical Atlantic during the January–February 2020 NOAA Atlantic Tradewind Ocean‐atmosphere Mesoscale Interaction Campaign (ATOMIC) are used to evaluate the spatial variability of bulk air‐sea heat, moisture, and buoyancy fluxes. Sea surface temperature (SST) gradients up to 0.7°C across 10–100 km frequently persisted for several days. SST gradients were a leading cause of systematic spatial air‐sea sensible heat flux gradients, as variations over 5 Wm−2 across under 20 km were observed. Wind speed gradients played no significant role and air temperature adjustments to SST gradients sometimes acted to reduce spatial flux gradients. Wind speed, air temperature, and air humidity caused high‐frequency spatial and temporal flux variations on both sides of SST gradients. A synthesis of observations demonstrated that fluxes were usually enhanced on the warm SST side of gradients compared to the cold SST side, with variations up to 10 Wm−2 in sensible heat and upward buoyancy fluxes and 50 Wm−2 in latent heat flux. Persistent SST gradients and high‐frequency air temperature variations each contributed up to 5 Wm−2 variability in sensible heat flux. Latent heat flux was instead mostly driven by air humidity variability. Atmospheric gradients may result from convective structures or high‐frequency turbulent fluctuations. Comparisons with 0.05°‐resolution daily satellite SST observations demonstrate that remote sensing observations or lower‐resolution models may not capture the small‐scale spatial ocean variability present in the Atlantic trade wind region.
Evaluation of CMIP6 GCMs Over the CONUS for Downscaling Studies
Authors: Ashfaq Moetasim , Rastogi Deeksha , Kitson Joy , Abid Muhammad Adnan , Kao Shih‐Chieh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite the necessity of Global Climate Models (GCMs) sub‐selection in downscaling studies, an objective approach for their selection is currently lacking. Building on the previously established concepts in GCMs evaluation frameworks, we develop a weighted averaging technique to remove the redundancy in the evaluation criteria and rank 37 GCMs from the sixth phase of the Coupled Models Intercomparison Project over the contiguous United States. GCMs are rated based on their average performance across 66 evaluation measures in the historical period (1981–2014) after each metric is weighted between zero and one, depending on its uniqueness. The robustness of the outcome is tested by repeating the process with the empirical orthogonal function analysis in which each GCM is ranked based on its sum of distances from the reference in the principal component space. The two methodologies work in contrasting ways to remove the metrics redundancy but eventually develop similar GCMs rankings. A disparity in GCMs' behavior related to their sensitivity to the size of the evaluation suite is observed, highlighting the need for comprehensive multi‐variable GCMs evaluation at varying timescales for determining their skillfulness over a region. The sub‐selection goal is to use a representative set of skillful models over the region of interest without substantial overlap in their future climate responses and modeling errors in representing historical climate. Additional analyses of GCMs' independence and spread in their future projections provide the necessary information to objectively select GCMs while keeping all aspects of necessity in view.
The Use of Satellite Data‐Based “Critical Relative Humidity” in Cloud Parameterization and Its Role in Modulating Cloud Feedback
Authors: Wang Xiaocong , Miao Hao , Liu Yimin , Bao Qing , He Bian , Li Jinxiao , Zhao Yaxin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe critical relative humidity (RHc), which approximately measures the subgrid‐scale variability of moisture, is important to cloud parameterization. Based on the diagnostics from CloudSat/CALIPSO satellite data, we propose an improved RHc formula that incorporates geographic dependence and allows for non‐monotonic variations in the vertical. With the parameterized RHc, a cloud macrophysics scheme is constructed in which fractional cloudiness and subgrid‐scale condensation are synergistically solved, with the latter being calculated using two different approaches. Results show the new scheme largely alleviates the underestimation of high‐ and mid‐level clouds in the default model. The performance is also superior to the simulations applying a globally uniform RHc as conventionally used in the literature. Varying RHc and the techniques for computing subgrid‐scale condensation leads to a marked diversity in cloud feedback, which nearly replicates the range of uncertainty found in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models. Using smaller RHc leads to larger spread than using larger ones. And the spread caused by different techniques for calculating subgrid‐scale condensation is larger than that caused by the choice of RHc. While many previous studies have emphasized the diversity of cloud feedback due to low clouds, varying RHc and its implementation leads to diversity of cloud feedback being mainly due to optically thick clouds. These results highlight the importance of RHc in inducing uncertainty of cloud feedback, as well as notes of caution to modelers when using RHc to tune models.
Single-cell view of deep-sea microbial activity and intracommunity heterogeneity
Authors: Arandia-Gorostidi N , Parada A E , Dekas A E 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Microbial activity in the deep sea is cumulatively important for global elemental cycling yet is difficult to quantify and characterize due to low cell density and slow growth. Here, we investigated microbial activity off the California coast, 50–4000 m water depth, using sensitive single-cell measurements of stable-isotope uptake and nucleic acid sequencing. We observed the highest yet reported proportion of active cells in the bathypelagic (up to 78%) and calculated that deep-sea cells (200–4000 m) are responsible for up to 34% of total microbial biomass synthesis in the water column. More cells assimilated nitrogen derived from amino acids than ammonium, and at higher rates. Nitrogen was assimilated preferentially to carbon from amino acids in surface waters, while the reverse was true at depth. We introduce and apply the Gini coefficient, an established equality metric in economics, to quantify intracommunity heterogeneity in microbial anabolic activity. We found that heterogeneity increased with water depth, suggesting a minority of cells contribute disproportionately to total activity in the deep sea. This observation was supported by higher RNA/DNA ratios for low abundance taxa at depth. Intracommunity activity heterogeneity is a fundamental and rarely measured ecosystem parameter and may have implications for community function and resilience.
Protein disulfide isomerase blocks the interaction of LC3II-PHB2 and promotes mTOR signaling to regulate autophagy and radio/chemo-sensitivity
Authors: Wang Ruru , Shang Yajing , Chen Bin , Xu Feng , Zhang Jie , Zhang Zhaoyang , Zhao Xipeng , Wan Xiangbo , Xu An , Wu Lijun , Zhao Guoping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractProtein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) enzyme that mediates the formation of disulfide bonds, and is also a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Our previous studies found that PDI mediates apoptotic signaling by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. Considering that mitochondrial dysfunction is a major contributor to autophagy, how PDI regulates autophagy remains unclear. Here, we provide evidence that high expression of PDI in colorectal cancer tumors significantly increases the risk of metastasis and poor prognosis of cancer patients. PDI inhibits radio/chemo-induced cell death by regulating autophagy signaling. Mechanistically, the combination of PDI and GRP78 was enhanced after ER stress, which inhibits the degradation of AKT by GRP78, and eventually activates the mTOR pathway to inhibit autophagy initiation. In parallel, PDI can directly interact with the mitophagy receptor PHB2 in mitochondrial, then competitively blocks the binding of LC3II and PHB2 and inhibits the mitophagy signaling. Collectively, our results identify that PDI can reduce radio/chemo-sensitivity by regulating autophagy, which could be served as a potential target for radio/chemo-therapy.
Dispersive transport dynamics in porous media emerge from local correlations
Authors: Meigel Felix J. , Darwent Thomas , Bastin Leonie , Goehring Lucas , Alim Karen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnderstanding and controlling transport through complex media is central for a plethora of processes ranging from technical to biological applications. Yet, the effect of micro-scale manipulations on macroscopic transport dynamics still poses conceptual conundrums. Here, we demonstrate the predictive power of a conceptual shift in describing complex media by local micro-scale correlations instead of an assembly of uncorrelated minimal units. Specifically, we show that the non-linear dependency between microscopic morphological properties and macroscopic transport characteristics in porous media is captured by transport statistics on the level of pore junctions instead of single pores. Probing experimentally and numerically transport through two-dimensional porous media while gradually increasing flow heterogeneity, we find a non-monotonic change in transport efficiency. Using analytic arguments, we built physical intuition on how this non-monotonic dependency emerges from junction statistics. The shift in paradigm presented here broadly affects our understanding of transport within the diversity of complex media.
The immune factors driving DNA methylation variation in human blood
Authors: Bergstedt Jacob , Azzou Sadoune Ait Kaci , Tsuo Kristin , Jaquaniello Anthony , Urrutia Alejandra , Rotival Maxime , Lin David T. S. , MacIsaac Julia L. , Kobor Michael S. , Albert Matthew L. , Duffy Darragh , Patin Etienne , Quintana-Murci Lluís ,   Milieu Intérieur Consortium, Abel Laurent , Alcover Andres , Aschard Hugues , Bousso Philippe , Bourke Nollaig , Brodin Petter , Bruhns Pierre , Cerf-Bensussan Nadine , Cumano Ana , d’Enfert Christophe , Deriano Ludovic , Dillies Marie-Agnès , Di Santo James , Dromer Françoise , Eberl Gérard , Enninga Jost , Fellay Jacques , Gomperts-Boneca Ivo , Hasan Milena , Hedestam Gunilla Karlsson , Hercberg Serge , Ingersoll Molly A. , Lantz Olivier , Kenny Rose Anne , Ménager Mickaël , Michel Frédérique , Mouquet Hugo , O’Farrelly Cliona , Pellegrini Sandra , Rausell Antonio , Rieux-Laucat Frédéric , Rogge Lars , Fontes Magnus , Sakuntabhai Anavaj , Schwartz Olivier , Schwikowski Benno , Shorte Spencer , Tangy Frédéric , Toubert Antoine , Touvier Mathilde , Ungeheuer Marie-Noëlle , Zimmer Christophe , Quintana-Murci Lluis 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEpigenetic changes are required for normal development, yet the nature and respective contribution of factors that drive epigenetic variation in humans remain to be fully characterized. Here, we assessed how the blood DNA methylome of 884 adults is affected by DNA sequence variation, age, sex and 139 factors relating to life habits and immunity. Furthermore, we investigated whether these effects are mediated or not by changes in cellular composition, measured by deep immunophenotyping. We show that DNA methylation differs substantially between naïve and memory T cells, supporting the need for adjustment on these cell-types. By doing so, we find that latent cytomegalovirus infection drives DNA methylation variation and provide further support that the increased dispersion of DNA methylation with aging is due to epigenetic drift. Finally, our results indicate that cellular composition and DNA sequence variation are the strongest predictors of DNA methylation, highlighting critical factors for medical epigenomics studies.
Predicting the structural basis of targeted protein degradation by integrating molecular dynamics simulations with structural mass spectrometry
Authors: Dixon Tom , MacPherson Derek , Mostofian Barmak , Dauzhenka Taras , Lotz Samuel , McGee Dwight , Shechter Sharon , Shrestha Utsab R. , Wiewiora Rafal , McDargh Zachary A. , Pei Fen , Pal Rajat , Ribeiro João V. , Wilkerson Tanner , Sachdeva Vipin , Gao Ning , Jain Shourya , Sparks Samuel , Li Yunxing , Vinitsky Alexander , Zhang Xin , Razavi Asghar M. , Kolossváry István , Imbriglio Jason , Evdokimov Artem , Bergeron Louise , Zhou Wenchang , Adhikari Jagat , Ruprecht Benjamin , Dickson Alex , Xu Huafeng , Sherman Woody , Izaguirre Jesus A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTargeted protein degradation (TPD) is a promising approach in drug discovery for degrading proteins implicated in diseases. A key step in this process is the formation of a ternary complex where a heterobifunctional molecule induces proximity of an E3 ligase to a protein of interest (POI), thus facilitating ubiquitin transfer to the POI. In this work, we characterize 3 steps in the TPD process. (1) We simulate the ternary complex formation of SMARCA2 bromodomain and VHL E3 ligase by combining hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry with weighted ensemble molecular dynamics (MD). (2) We characterize the conformational heterogeneity of the ternary complex using Hamiltonian replica exchange simulations and small-angle X-ray scattering. (3) We assess the ubiquitination of the POI in the context of the full Cullin-RING Ligase, confirming experimental ubiquitinomics results. Differences in degradation efficiency can be explained by the proximity of lysine residues on the POI relative to ubiquitin.
The Donnan potential revealed
Authors: Aydogan Gokturk Pinar , Sujanani Rahul , Qian Jin , Wang Ye , Katz Lynn E. , Freeman Benny D. , Crumlin Ethan J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSelective transport of solutes across a membrane is critical for many biological, water treatment and energy conversion and storage systems. When a charged membrane is equilibrated with an electrolyte, an unequal distribution of ions arises between phases, generating the so-called Donnan electrical potential at the solution/membrane interface. The Donnan potential results in the partial exclusion of co-ion, providing the basis of permselectivity. Although there are well-established ways to indirectly estimate the Donnan potential, it has been widely reported that it cannot be measured directly. Here we report the first direct measurement of the Donnan potential of an ion exchange membrane equilibrated with salt solutions. Our results highlight the dependence of the Donnan potential on external salt concentration and counter-ion valence, and show a reasonable agreement with current theoretical models of IEMs, which incorporate ion activity coefficients. By directly measuring the Donnan potential, we eliminate ambiguities that arise from limitations inherent in current models.
Involvement of striatal motoric subregions in familial frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism harboring the C9orf72 repeat expansions
Authors: Liu Li , Liu Shuying , Chu Min , Wang Jingjuan , Xie Kexin , Cui Yue , Ma Jinghong , Nan Haitian , Cui Chunlei , Qiao Hongwen , Rosa-Neto Pedro , Chan Piu , Wu Liyong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72) has been proposed as the causative gene of frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism (FTDP), but its pathophysiological mechanism of parkinsonism is poorly understood. To explore the roles of striatal motor subdivisions in the pathogenesis of parkinsonism resulting from C9ORF72 repeat expansions in the FTDP, two patients with FTDP from one pedigree and seventeen healthy controls were enrolled. The participants received clinical interviews, physical examinations, genetic testing, [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/MRI, and [18F]-dihydrotetrabenazine PET/CT. Voxel-wise and region of interest analysis were conducted with respect to gray matter volume, metabolism, and dopamine transport function between patients and controls, focusing on the motor part of the striatum according to the Oxford-GSK-Imanova Striatal Connectivity Atlas. Patient 1 presented with parkinsonism as the initial symptom, while patient 2 exhibited behavior disturbance as the first symptom, followed by parkinsonism within one year. Both patients had the hexanucleotide expansion detected in C9ORF72(>52 repeats). Gray matter volume atrophy, hypometabolism and dopamine dysfunction were observed in the motor areas of the striatum. Of the two patients, marked glucose hypometabolism within the striatal motor subregion was observed in patient 1, with corresponding gray matter atrophy. In addition, presynaptic dopaminergic integrity of patient 2 was deteriorated in the motor subregions which was consistent with gray matter atrophy. These findings imply that parkinsonism in FTDP may be associated with the degeneration and dopaminergic dysfunction of the striatal motor subregion, which might be attributed to C9orf72 repeat expansions.