bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language questions: Translation, modanizumu, and modernist studies in Japan
Authors: Shin Kunio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe recent rise of global modernist studies, while in itself exciting, may prove a rather mixed blessing if it fails to be accompanied with an awareness that translation is the ‘necessary precondition’ of global modernism, a process itself conditioned by the ‘uneven politics of language’. From this perspective, this article suggests that delving deeper into the ways modernist studies in Japan originated through the interaction between modernism and translation might give us some useful hints as to how we might confront the factual inequality of languages in the global space in the present. The article in particular focuses on two figures of Japanese modanizumu in interwar Japan, Itō Sei (1905–69) and Sagawa Chika (1911–36), to examine how they negotiated with the anxiety of cultural homelessness through the creative use they made of their own translations of Anglophone modernists such as Joyce and Woolf. Their examples help us envision a practice of translation that resists the dominance of English monolingualism while also breaking through what Walter Benjamin once called ‘decayed barriers’ of one's own national language.
Hospital Paperworlds: Medical (Mis)Reporting and Maternal Health in Northern Pakistan
Authors: Varley Emma 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGlobal health metrics come into being in complex circumstances. Through ethnography that focuses closely on the forces driving uneven obstetric case reporting in a government hospital in northern Pakistan, this article challenges the integrity of the health care system documentation on which the state and non‐state interventions and evaluations rely. Incomplete and skipped case records not only resulted from the time constraints posed by work on a busy maternity ward. They also helped vulnerable frontline providers disguise and avoid accountability for the aftermaths of the medical mismanagement and maltreatment made more likely by infrastructural scarcity and disarray. Yet the provider‐side protections these tactics afforded came at patients’ expense because they rendered error, wrongdoing, and iatrogenesis as invisible and unactionable. The sum of these reporting practices was “hospital paperworlds”: defensively authored and aspirational datasets that conveyed desired rather than achieved outcomes, decontextualized risks and harms, and were too‐rarely triangulated for their correlational significances or deficiencies. [hospital ethnography, obstetrics, case reporting, metrics, Pakistan]
Mechanical insufflation‐exsufflation for invasively ventilated critically ill patients—A focus group study
Authors: Stilma Willemke , Verweij Lotte , Spek Bea , Scholte op Reimer Wilhelmina Johanna Maria , Schultz Marcus Josephus , Paulus Frederique , Rose Louise 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionMechanical Insufflation‐Exsufflation (MI‐E) is used as an airway clearance intervention in primary care (home ventilation), long‐term care (prolonged rehabilitation after intensive care, neuromuscular diseases, and spinal cord injury), and increasingly in acute care in intensive care units (ICU).AimWe sought to develop in‐depth understanding of factors influencing decision‐making processes of health care professionals regarding initiation, escalation, de‐escalation, and discontinuation of MI‐E for invasively ventilated patients including perceived barriers and facilitators to use.MethodsWe conducted focus groups (3 in the Netherlands; 1 with participants from four European countries) with clinicians representing the ICU interprofessional team and with variable experience of MI‐E. The semi‐structured interview guide was informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Two researchers independently coded data for directed content analysis using codes developed from the TDF.ResultsA purposive sample of 35 health care professionals participated. Experience varied from infrequent to several years of frequent MI‐E use in different patient populations. We identified four main themes: (1) knowledge; (2) beliefs; (3) clinical decision‐making; and (4) future adoption.ConclusionInterprofessional knowledge and expertise of MI‐E in invasively ventilated patients is limited due to minimal available evidence and adoption. Participants believed MI‐E a potentially useful intervention for airway clearance and inclusion in weaning protocols when more evidence is available.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis focus group study provides an overview of current practice, knowledge and expertise, and barriers and facilitators to using MI‐E in mechanically ventilated patients. From these data, it is evident there is a need to develop further clinical expertise and evidence of efficacy to further understand the role of MI‐E as an airway clearance technique for ventilated patients.
Interpretive description in applied mixed methods research: Exploring issues of fit, purpose, process, context, and design
Authors: Dolan Sara , Nowell Lorelli , Moules Nancy J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs mixed methods research approaches become increasingly more common, it is imperative they are conducted in a thoughtful and rigorous manner to yield useful results. While researchers have begun to explore the use of various qualitative research methodologies in mixed methods research, there is a gap in literature discussing the philosophical congruence of using interpretive description in mixed method studies, and how to ensure rigor while integrating interpretive description results. Our purpose in writing this article is to discuss the issues of fit, purpose, process, context, and design when using interpretive description in mixed methods research approaches by drawing on examples from the literature. Further, we explore the contributions that interpretive description can make in a mixed methods inquiry. This article offers a first step in using a purposeful approach to mixed methods interpretive description studies to increase transparency and rigor in this relatively new methodology.
Nicotine addiction and overweight affect intrinsic neural activity and neurotransmitter activity: A fMRI study of interaction effects
Authors: Gao Xinyu , Zhang Mengzhe , Yang Zhengui , Niu Xiaoyu , Zhou Bingqian , Chen Jingli , Wang Weijian , Wei Yarui , Han Shaoqiang , Cheng Jingliang , Zhang Yong 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundNicotine addiction and overweight often co‐exist, but the neurobiological mechanism of their co‐morbidity remains to be clarified. In this study, we explore how nicotine addiction and overweight affect intrinsic neural activity and neurotransmitter activity.MethodsThis study included 54 overweight people and 54 age‐, sex‐, and handedness‐matched normal‐weight individuals, who were further divided into four groups based on nicotine addiction. We used a two‐way factorial design to compare intrinsic neural activity (calculated by the fALFF method) in four groups based on resting‐state functional magnetic resonance images (rs‐fMRI). Furthermore, the correlation between fALFF values and PET‐ and SPECT‐derived maps to examine specific neurotransmitter system changes underlying nicotine addiction and overweight.ResultsNicotine addiction and overweight affect intrinsic neural activity by themselves. In combination, they showed antagonistic effects in the interactive brain regions (left insula and right precuneus). Cross‐modal correlations displayed that intrinsic neural activity changes in the interactive brain regions were related to the noradrenaline system (NAT).ConclusionDue to the existence of interaction, nicotine partially restored the changes of spontaneous activity in the interactive brain regions of overweight people. Therefore, when studying one factor alone, the other should be used as a control variable. Besides, this work links the noradrenaline system with intrinsic neural activity in overweight nicotine addicts. By examining the interactions between nicotine addiction and overweight from neuroimaging and molecular perspectives, this study provides some ideas for the treatment of both co‐morbidities.
Cultural and other beliefs as barriers to pediatric solid organ transplantation
Authors: Wray Jo , Kim Ji Soo , Marks Stephen D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOrgan shortage for transplantation is a global problem for both adult and pediatric recipients and this is particularly apparent in certain areas of the world and within specific communities. Cultural and religious beliefs can influence both a decision by a potential donor and/or their family to donate as well as a potential recipient's or their family's decision to accept the need for transplantation, agree to be listed and accept an organ. Globally, there are cultural and religious diversities that can present significant challenges for the transplant professional, particularly those whose practice is based in multicultural communities. In the pediatric population, in particular, barriers to organ transplantation related to culture and religion have not been well‐described, with resulting implications for how they should or could be effectively addressed. Therefore, this review was undertaken to elucidate cultural and religious barriers to pediatric organ transplantation and, where feasible, to identify facilitators and strategies for overcoming these barriers.
The peritrophic matrix delays Nosema ceranae infection in the honey bee Apis mellifera midgut
Authors: de Oliveira André Henrique , Souza Amanda Martins da Cruz , de Resende Matheus Tudor Cândido Santos , Carneiro Lenise Silva , de Oliveira Jacineumo Falcão , Serra Raissa Santana , Serrão José Eduardo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe midgut of bees plays a significant role in digestion and absorption and is a gateway for pathogens. As a protection for the organism, the midgut lumen is lined by a peritrophic matrix rich in chitin fibrils, associated with proteins that form multiple resistant layers with gelatinous consistency, with several functions, including the mechanical barrier against infection by pathogens. The obligate intracellular microsporid Nosema ceranae is an important pathogen that decreases honey production, increases pesticide susceptibility, and may cause mortality in the honey bee Apis mellifera. This study evaluated whether the peritrophic matrix has a protective function against infection by N. ceranae in A. mellifera adult workers. The peritrophic matrix integrity was changed by feeding the bees with calcofluor white (CFW), followed by an artificial infection with N. ceranae spores. Results shown that 0.5% CFW affect the integrity of the peritrophic matrix with areas of interruption of this envelope. This disorganization of the peritrophic matrix reduces the life cycle period of N. ceranae from eight to four days, after inoculation, and increases the concentration of new spores released in the midgut lumen. This is the first report on the importance of the peritrophic matrix as a protective barrier against N. ceranae infection in A. mellifera.
Performance of PRAME immunohistochemistry compared with that of c‐Kit, c‐Myc, or cyclin D1 for the diagnosis of acral melanocytic tumors
Authors: Jung Joon Min , Lee Mi Young , Won Chong Hyun , Chang Sung Eun , Lee Mi Woo , Lee Woo Jin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe diagnostic role of preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) immunohistochemistry has not been thoroughly evaluated for acral melanocytic tumors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of this modality for the diagnosis of acral melanocytic tumors compared with other potential markers. Melanocytic tumors were classified as either acral nevi, challenging melanocytic tumors (superficial atypical melanocytic proliferation of uncertain significance (SAMPUS)‐favor benign (SAMPUS‐FB), SAMPUS‐favor malignant (SAMPUS‐FM)) or acral melanomas. A total of 106 acral melanocytic tumors including acral nevi (n = 32), SAMPUS‐FB (n = 17), SAMPUS‐FM (n = 20), and acral melanomas (n = 37) were included. Diagnostic power, assessed using an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for distinguishing acral melanomas and acral nevi, was highest for PRAME (AUC = 0.997), followed by c‐Myc (AUC = 0.755), cyclin D1 (AUC = 0.652), and c‐Kit (AUC = 0.573). At a PRAME expression level ≥30% as a positive test for acral melanoma, the sensitivity and specificity of this marker for discriminating acral melanoma from acral nevus were 100% and 96.9%, respectively. PRAME immunohistochemistry also discriminated SAMPUS‐FM from SAMPUS‐FB with a sensitivity and specificity of 90.0% and 76.5%, respectively. In conclusion, PRAME immunohistochemistry can be used effectively to distinguish between various spectra of acral melanocytic neoplasms.
How value addition by utilization of tilapia processing by‐products can improve human nutrition and livelihood
Authors: Peñarubia Omar , Toppe Jogeir , Ahern Molly , Ward Ansen , Griffin Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAquatic foods, particularly fish, are recognized as a unique source of essential fatty acids, micronutrients and protein many diets lack, especially in poor and vulnerable communities. Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) fillets typically represent 30%–33% of the fish, leaving around 70% of the fish unused for human consumption. These nutrient‐rich by‐products can be converted into food and other products with medical, pharmaceutical and packaging applications. Heads and backbones of processed tilapias, and undersized tilapia can be used in the development or fortification of food products such as fish cakes, sausages and bread. Tilapia skin can be processed into leather for clothing and leather artefacts. Gelatin from fish skin can be developed into edible films and coating while collagen from fish scales and bones has good application in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical fields. The viscera can be converted into biodiesel or silage and hydrolysates, which are good sources of peptides and enzymes. To ensure 100% utilization, any remaining parts of the fish not used for food, can be transformed into products for animal consumption or for fertilizer. Thus, the conversion of by‐products from tilapia processing into value‐added products can contribute to improve human nutrition and better livelihood opportunities. However, adopting new technologies in value addition will require additional operational costs for acquiring new equipment and skills, a proven market demand for the products and an enabling policy environment.
Island refuges for surviving nuclear winter and other abrupt sunlight‐reducing catastrophes
Authors: Boyd Matt , Wilson Nick 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSome island nations in the Southern Hemisphere might survive a severe sun‐reducing catastrophe such as nuclear winter and be well placed to help reboot‐collapsed human civilization. Such islands must be resilient to the cascading effects abrupt sunlight reduction scenarios (ASRS) would impose beyond the impacts on agricultural systems. We aimed to identify island nations whose societies are most likely to survive nuclear winter or other ASRS. We also aimed to conduct a case study of one island nation to consider how it might enhance its resilience and therefore its chance of aiding a global reboot of complex technological society. We performed a threshold analysis on food self‐sufficiency under severe nuclear winter conditions to identify islands. We then profiled each island across global macroindices representing resilience factors reported in the literature. We undertook a case study of the island nation of New Zealand. The island nations of Australia, New Zealand, Iceland, the Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu appear most resilient to ASRS. However, our case‐study island nation of New Zealand is threatened in scenarios of no/low trade, has precarious aspects of its energy supply, and shortcomings in manufacturing of essential components. Therefore, inadequate preparations and critical failures in these systems could see rapid societal breakdown. Despite some islands’ favorable baseline conditions and apparent food security even in a severe ASRS, cascading impacts through other socioecological systems threaten complex functioning. We identified specific resilience measures, many with cobenefits, which may protect island nodes of sustained complexity in ASRS.
Special care in dental curriculum: A transversal axis for integrating oral health with systemic health
Authors: Bezinelli Letícia Mello , Eduardo Fernanda de Paula , Palacio Danielle da Costa , Heller Débora , Ramos Danielle Viana Ribeiro , Cavalcante Denise de Fátima Barros , Vasques Mayra Torres , Cesar Paulo Francisco , Monte Julio Cesar Martins , Campos Alexandre Holthausen , Corrêa Luciana 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsDistance between dentistry and medicine is a traditional and historical obstacle that affects multiple levels of the health system, especially the health policies to improve health service quality. Changes in dental education, especially involving the adoption of integrative health models in professional development, are considered essential for reducing this gap. We aimed to show a dental curriculum focused on special care as a tool for medicine‐dentistry integration.MethodsIn this study, we present a new proposal for an undergraduate dental curriculum in which topics related to special care are addressed transversally and are the core for interdisciplinary integration of oral health with systemic health. We also describe how themes related to dental home care and hospital dentistry were included in this course as basic professional competencies.Results and ConclusionThis initiative is aligned with the global trend to adopt educational systems that contribute to the reduction of health care inequalities and improve health service quality.
Mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase VA and VB: properties and roles in health and disease
Authors: Aspatwar Ashok , Supuran Claudiu T. , Waheed Abdul , Sly William S. , Parkkila Seppo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCarbonic anhydrase V (CA V), a mitochondrial enzyme, was first isolated from guinea‐pig liver and subsequently identified in mice and humans. Later, studies revealed that the mouse genome contains two mitochondrial CA sequences, named Car5A and Car5B. The CA VA enzyme is most highly expressed in the liver, whereas CA VB shows a broad tissue distribution. Car5A knockout mice demonstrated a predominant role for CA VA in ammonia detoxification, whereas the roles of CA VB in ureagenesis and gluconeogenesis were evident only in the absence of CA VA. Previous studies have suggested that CA VA is mainly involved in the provision of HCO3− for biosynthetic processes. In children, mutations in the CA5A gene led to reduced CA activity, and the enzyme was sensitive to increased temperature. The metabolic profiles of these children showed a reduced supply of HCO3− to the enzymes that take part in intermediary metabolism: carbamoylphosphate synthetase, pyruvate carboxylase, propionyl‐CoA carboxylase and 3‐methylcrotonyl‐CoA carboxylase. Although the role of CA VB is still poorly understood, a recent study reported that it plays an essential role in human Sertoli cells, which sustain spermatogenesis. Metabolic disease associated with CA VA appears to be more common than other inborn errors of metabolism and responds well to treatment with N‐carbamyl‐l‐glutamate. Therefore, early identification of hyperammonaemia will allow specific treatment with N‐carbamyl‐l‐glutamate and prevent neurological sequelae. Carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency should therefore be considered a treatable condition in the differential diagnosis of hyperammonaemia in neonates and young children.
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Patient outcomes in public sector hepatitis C treatment programmes: a retrospective cohort analysis across five low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Boeke Caroline E , Adesigbin Clement , Adisa Olayinka , Agwuocha Chukwuemeka , Akanmu Muhammad-Mujtaba , Anartati Atiek , Aung Khin Sanda , Azania Amy , Bello Nabe Ruth , Budiman Arief , Chan Yuhui , Chawla Umesh , Fatchanuraliyah  , Fernandes Oriel , Grover Gagandeep Singh , Naing Thandar Su , Ngo Dang , Ramers Christian B , Regan Sean , Sindhwani Siddharth , Tandy Gertrudis , Tint Khin , Nguyen Kinh Van , Witschi Magdalena , McClure Craig 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesGiven limited data on factors associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment discontinuation and failure in low- and middle-income countries, we aimed to describe patient populations treated for HCV in five countries and identify patient groups that may need additional support.DesignRetrospective cohort analysis using routinely collected data.SettingPublic sector HCV treatment programmes in India (Punjab), Indonesia, Myanmar, Nigeria (Nasarawa) and Vietnam.Participants104 957 patients who initiated treatment in 2016–2022 (89% from Punjab).Primary outcomesTreatment completion and cure.ResultsPatient characteristics and factors associated with outcomes varied across countries and facilities. Across all patients, median age was 40 years (IQR: 29–52), 30.6% were female, 7.0% reported a history of injecting drugs, 18.2% were cirrhotic and 4.9% were coinfected with HIV. 79.8% were prescribed sofosbuvir+daclastasvir. Of patients with adequate follow-up, 90.6% (89,551) completed treatment. 77.5% (69,426) of those who completed treatment also completed sustained virological testing at 12 weeks (SVR12), and of those, 92.6% (64 305) were cured. In multivariable-adjusted models, in most countries, significantly lower treatment completion was observed among patients on 24-week regimens (vs 12-week regimens) and those initiated in later years of the programme. In several countries, males, younger patients <20 years and certain groups of cirrhotic patients were less likely to complete treatment or be cured. In Punjab, treatment completion was also lower in those with a family history of HCV and people who inject drugs (PWID); in other countries, outcomes were comparable for PWID.ConclusionHigh proportions of patients completed treatment and were cured across patient groups and countries. SVR12 follow-up could be strengthened. Males, younger people and those with decompensated cirrhosis on longer regimens may require additional support to complete treatment and achieve cure. Adequate programme financing, minimal user fees and implementation of evidence-based policies will be critical to close gaps.