bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods for the detection of tumor-specific single nucleotide somatic mutations in plasma cDNA samples
Authors: Dyakov L. M. , Krivtsova O. M. , Khesina P. A. , Kustova I. F. , Dyakova N. A. , Muge N. S. , Kudashkin N. E. , Patyutko Yu. I. , Lazarevich N. L. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction. Liquid biopsy is considered as a minimally invasive method of molecular genetic analysis that can be used for early diagnosis, prognosis of disease development, monitoring of residual disease or treatment outcomes, and selection of optimal drug therapy schemes for a patient. Along with the development of tests based on the study of panels of oncologically significant genes or their regions, for various forms of genetically heterogeneous tumors a promising approach could be the use as an object of liquid biopsy of an individual spectrum of somatic mutations of a particular patient that can be detected on the basis of high-throughput sequencing of tumor tissue.Aim. To determine the applicability of different methods for detecting single-nucleotide somatic mutations detected in tumor tissue of a particular patient in cDNA preparations from blood plasma obtained before surgical removal of the tumor and to evaluate the possibility of quantifying the proportion of the alternative variant in the total pool of cDNA. Materials and methods. We used normal and tumor tissue, as well as blood plasma samples from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and various methods for detecting single-nucleotide somatic mutations: real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with intercalating dye or with TaqMan probes, droplet digital PCR and high-throughput sequencing of target amplicons.Results. Using the example of a somatic mutation in the TLN1 gene detected in tumor tissue of a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma, methods were developed and tested, each of which allows specific detection of the mutant variant in small amounts (2 ng) of cDNA from the blood plasma of the same patient. The use of droplet PCR and target amplicon sequencing methods allowed us to quantify the proportion of the mutant variant in the total cDNA pool, which was 19.7 and 23.5 %, respectively.Conclusion. Among the methods investigated, droplet digital PCR and targeted amplicon sequencing allow not only reliable detection of mutant variants in small amounts of cDNA, but also adequate quantification, which is particularly important for the development of ways to monitor tumor growth during treatment. The close values of the proportion of mutant variants in cDNA detected by these methods indicate the accuracy of quantitative analysis and the possibility of their use for cross-validation of the results obtained.
Significance of tumor-associated macrophages in bladder cancer development
Authors: Pavlov V. N. , Urmantsev M. F. , Korelov Yu. A. , Bakeev M. R. 
Published: October 2022

Bladder cancer is the 2nd most common urological oncological disease in the worlds. Tumors can be muscle invasive and non-muscle invasive. Recently, tumor microenvironment (TME) became a focus of investigation in malignant tumors of the bladder. According to the currently available data, TME is a specific environment crating optimal conditions for carcinogenesis in the neoplastic lesion. The main parts of TME are extracellular matrix and stroma including vasculature, stromal, and immune cells. Additionally, TME includes cytokines, chemokines, and other compounds activating signal pathways necessary for tumor cells. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are being extensively studied as representatives of TME in solid tumors of varying locations. These macrophages can be classified into 2 phenotypes: M1 (pro-inflammatory and antitumor) and M2 (anti-inflammatory and protumor). The phenotypes perform different roles, and M2 macrophages regulate the most important processes of oncogenesis (invasion, proliferation, neoangiogenesis, etc.). In the context of bladder cancer, M2 macrophages are the most significant as they are the most numerous TAMs in TME.Aim. To study the role of tumor-associated macrophages in development of bladder tumors, as well as prognostic value of these macrophages.
Novel Method of Butterfly Optimization Algorithm for Load Balancing in Cloud Computing
Authors: Yadav Priya , Kumar Sunil , J Saini Dilip Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Cloud computing is frequently alluded to as a model that furnishes boundless information handling conveniences with compensation for each utilization framework. Present-day cloud foundations resources as virtual machines (VMs) to actual machines utilizing virtualization innovation. All VMs works their involved structure and exhaust resources from their actual machine which behaves like a host. For load adjusting, Cloud moves VMs from exceptionally troubled real machines to low troubled actual machines. The delay of this calculation expansions in the organization as virtual machines are relocated. This work puts forward a new algorithm, namely o for VM migration. The proposed optimization algorithm has been implemented in MATLAB software. A comparative analysis is performed between the outcomes of the preceding and the new algorithm. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated over three performance parameters including delay, bandwidth used and space used.
Hubungan Dukungan Sosial Orang Tua dengan Kejenuhan Belajar Selama Pembelajaran Daring di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri
Authors: Aini Ivvatul Ihda Qurrotul , Santoso Djoko Budi , Indreswari Henny 
Published: October 2022

Abstract: This study aims to determine: (1) the level of parental social support at SMP Negeri 1 Jabung, (2) the level of student learning saturation during online learning at SMP Negeri 1 Jabung, (3) the relationship between parental social support and student learning saturation during online learning at SMP Negeri 1 Jabung. This study uses a quantitative approach with the type of descriptive correlational research. The population in this study were all eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Jabung. Sampling using proportional stratified ramdom sampling technique with a total sample of 139 people. The data were obtained using the parental social support scale and the learning saturation scale. The scale has met the validity and reliability tests. The data collected were analyzed with the help of the IBM SPSS Version 26 program. The results showed that: (1) the level of social support from parents of students was in the moderate category with a percentage of 66.9 percent, (2) the level of student learning saturation was in the medium category with the percentage of 82.0 percent, and (3) there is a significant negative relationship between parental social support and student learning saturation, during online learning at SMP Negeri 1 Jabung, with a significance value of 0.000 which means that the significant value is less than 0 0.05 (0.000 less than 0.05) and a correlation value of -0.563.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) tingkat dukungan sosial orang tua di SMP Negeri 1 Jabung, (2) tingkat kejenuhan belajar siswa selama pembelajaran daring di SMP Negeri 1 Jabung, (3) hubungan antara dukungan sosial orang tua dengan kejenuhan belajar siswa selama pembelajaran daring di SMP Negeri 1 Jabung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif korelasional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII siswa SMP Negeri 1 Jabung. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik proportional stratified ramdom sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 139 orang. Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan skala dukungan sosial orang tua dan skala kejenuhan belajar. Skala tersebut sudah memenuhi uji validitas dan uji reabilitas. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan bantuan program IBM SPSS Versi 26. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) tingkat dukungan sosial orang tua siswa berada pada kategori sedang dengan persentase sebesar 66,9 persen, (2) tingkat kejenuhan belajar siswa berada pada kategori sedang dengan persentase sebesar 82,0 persen, dan (3) terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara dukungan sosial orang tua dengan kejenuhan belajar siswa, selama pembelajaran daring di SMP Negeri 1 Jabung, dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 yang dapat diartikan bahwa nilai signifikan lebih kecil dari 0,05 (0,000 kurang dari 0,05) dan nilai kolerasi sebesar -0,563.
Evaluation of preliminary anti-microbial efficacy of curcumin and chitosan nanoparticles with and without photoactivation against – An invitro study
Authors: Kubasad Sheetal , Tamase Aishwarya S. , Kadam Kritika K 
Published: October 2022

: The success of endodontic treatment lies in adequate debridement of the root canal. There are various microorganisms responsible for the failure of root canal treatment, one among them is . Sodium hypochlorite is considered as the gold standard. Since it has various disadvantages newer irrigants like Curcumin and Chitosan nanoparticles have been tried.: The aim of this study was to evaluate the preliminary anti-microbial efficacy of Curcumin and Chitosan nanoparticles with and without photoactivation against : The antimicrobial activity of Curcumin, Chitosan nanoparticles with and without Photoactivation, Saline and Sodium hypochlorite was assessed. MIC was done with serial dilution method, incubated for 48-72 hours and observed for turbidity.MBC was done from the MIC dilutions tubes, first 3 tubes were plated, incubated for 24 hrs and the colony was counted.  For Time kill assay broth with the compound was mixed, plated and inoculated at 1hr, 2hrs and 4hrsinterval and colony count was noted. Results were tabulated and statistical analysis was done using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey multiple comparison test.Photoactivated Curcumin has shown the best antimicrobial results as compared to Curcumin, Chitosan nanoparticles (photoactivated and nonphotoactivated) and 3% Sodium hypochlorite.: Curcumin with and without photo activation and Chitosan nanoparticles can be considered as an alternate endodontic irrigants against sodium hypochlorite.
A study to evaluate the change in management plan of chronic otitis media (mucosal) after cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Rajguru Renu , Nitin Shantha , Raghawan Dilip 
Published: October 2022

: Imaging of temporal bone helps the Otologists in preoperative surgical planning in ear surgery. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) has much higher spatial resolution and clarity as compared to conventional X-Ray and much lower radiation exposure as compared to HRCT Temporal Bones.: To evaluate the change in management plan of Chronic Otitis Media (Mucosal) after CBCT. Also to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the CBCT findings by comparing with intra operative findings in the study participants. We conducted an observational descriptive study in the ENT Department of an academic Tertiary care hospital from October 2017 to October 2019. We included 95 patients whose management plan before CBCT was compared with the plan after CBCT and the percentage of cases undergoing a change in the management after CBCT was determined. The correlation of CBCT findings and intra operative findings in terms of specificity and sensitivity was also statistically calculated. : Subsequent to imaging, the management plan was changed in only 4 patients which was statistically non-significant. CBCT showed a 100% sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value to detect pneumatisation of the Mastoid, high jugular bulb and low-lying dura. The sensitivity to detect ossicular erosion was 98.9%. : Thorough clinical examination is the most important factor in decision making in patients with Chronic Otitis Media (Mucosal) and management plan remains unchanged after imaging. Though thorough clinical examination remains the gold standard in making a management plan of patients with Chronic Otitis Media (Mucosal), CBCT with its available details and minimal radiation helped to minimise intraoperative inadvertent injuries which might result due to normal anatomic variations like low lying dura, forward lying sinus, contracted mastoid cavity etc.
Computer-Aided Planning and 3D-Printed Surgical Guide in Patients with Extreme Cubitus Varus Deformity
Authors: Marinelli Alessandro , Guerra Enrico , Rotini Roberto , Mortellaro Marco , Minopoli Paolo , Pietroluongo Livia Renata , Russo Raffaele 
Published: October 2022

Case:
We describe 2 patients with extreme triplanar cubitus varus deformity, treated with step-cut corrective virtually planned osteotomies and performed with custom-made surgical guides. The surgery was simulated on the patients’ bone 3D-printed model to verify the effectiveness of the surgical plans. At a medium 21-month follow-up after surgery, in both patients, clinical and radiological results were fully satisfactory, and no complications have been reported.

Conclusion:
The precision of computer-aided surgical planning and custom-made surgical guides allow to perform reproducible and relatively safe surgeries even in extreme deformities where the surgical complexity could discourage attempts at surgical correction.
An Ontology-based approach for Modelling and Querying Alzheimer’s Disease Data
Authors: TAGLINO FRANCESCO , Cumbo Fabio , Antognoli Giulia , Arisi Ivan , D’Onofrio Mara , Perazzoni Federico , Voyat Roger , Fiscon Giulia , Conte Federica , Canevelli Marco , Bruno Giuseppe , Mecocci Patrizia , Bertolazzi Paola 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: The recent advances in biotechnology and computer science have led to an ever-increasing availability of public biomedical data distributed in large databases worldwide. However, these data collections are far from being “big” enough and “standardized” so to be integrated, making impossible to fully exploit latest machine learning technologies for the analysis of data themselves. Hence, facing this huge flow of biomedical data is a challenging task for researchers and clinicians due to their complexity and high heterogeneity. An effective strategy to address this issue could be the building of a formal conceptual model, which in general allows the design of semantic tools to collect and explore data for a given pathology. This is the case of neurodegenerative diseases and the Alzheimer Disease (AD), in particular. The last years have witnessed the creation of specialized data collections such as the one maintained by the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), which contains the largest number of biomedical concepts in the field of AD. For this class of diseases Big Data and Deep Learning give hope for the discovery of new biomarkers for early diagnosis. Hence, a new way must be undertaken of collecting and managing biomedical data.
Results: We developed a detailed ontology for clinical multidimensional datasets from the ADNI repository in order to simplify the data access, to obtain new diagnostic knowledge about Alzheimer’s disease and ease the task of harmonization.
Conclusions: The semantic data base, populated by ADNI data will suggest new queries allowing machine learning techniques to be applied to any possible combination of data set. The conceptual model could be adopted by any center, so giving rise to new databases that, if made public available, will simplify data integration and multi center data collection projects.
Cinematographic imaging and analysis of the electron beam-induced formation of an endohedral metalloporphyrin-fullerene hybrid
Authors: Hölzel Helen , Lee Sol , Amsharov Konstantin , Jux Norbert , Harano Koji , Nakamura Eiichi , Lungerich Dominik 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The bottom-up synthesis of strained hollow cage structures, such as fullerenes, using traditional thermal or photochemical methods remains one of the most challenging tasks in organic chemistry. Here, we demonstrate the synthetic use of an electron beam by in-depth single-molecule atomic resolution time-resolved transmission electron microscopy studies to induce the formation of an elusive doubly-holed fullerene-porphyrin cage structure from a well-defined benzoporphyrin precursor deposited on graphene. Through real-time imaging, we analyze the hybrid's peculiar ability to host up to two Pb atoms and subsequently gain insights into the dynamics of the Pb–Pb binding motif in this exotic metallo-organic cage structure. Through density functional theory calculations and image simulations, we conclude that the much slower secondary electrons, which accumulate in the irradiated area's periphery, can also initiate chemical reactions. Consequently, designing advanced carbon nanostructures by e-beam lithography will depend on the understanding and limitations of molecular radiation chemistry.
Effectiveness of Aligners Versus Rapid Palatal Expander on Palatal Volume in Mixed Dentition Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bruni Alessandro , Gallo Vittorio , Parrini Simone , Ferrillo Martina , Garino Francesco , Deregibus Andrea , Castroflorio Tommaso 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Aim.
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects on the palatal volume and surface area measurements, as well as on the inter-dental linear measurements, produced by CAT compared with RPE in mixed dentition patients.

Methods.
In this open two-arm parallel groups multi-center equal-randomized (1:1) interventional prospective trial 39 patients were assigned to one of two expansion methods (arm A: Invisalign®
First clear aligners, arm B: tooth-borne Hyrax-type maxillary expander) according to a computer-generated randomization list immediately before the start of treatment. Inclusion criteria were (1) indications for maxillary expansion treatment, (2) mixed dentition, (3) cervical vertebral maturation stage (CVMS) not exceeding 4, (4) erupted first moalrs, (5) transverse discrepancy ≤5mm, (6) upper second premolar cusps position apical to half pulp chamber (HPC) line of the ipsilateral upper first permanent molars on pre-treatment panoramic radiographs, (7) good standards of oral hygiene. Digital models were obtained before and after treatment using intraoral scanner (iTero® Element, AlignTechnology, San Jose, CA, USA). Palatal volume and surface area were measured with Geomagic Control X (3D Systems Inc., Rock Hill, SC, USA) as the primary endpoint. Linear measures of upper arch (inter-canine width at cusp and gingival level; inter-molar width at cusp and gingival level) were measured as the secondary endpoint. Due to the nature of the intervention blinding was not possible. Potential statistical differences between the two intervention groups were evaluated.

Results.
A significant increment in palatal volume (p<0.05) was observed in aligner group aligners (243,95±473,24 mm 3 mean increase) and in RPE group (532,01±540,52 mm 3 mean increase). Also surface area has increased in aligner group (64,51±64,25 mm 2 mean increase) and RPE group (81,34±71,05 mm 2 mean increase). A significant increase was experienced in both groups for linear measurements too. No differences (p<0.05) were detected in terms of variation from T0 to T1 between aligners and RPE group for all the outcomes assessed, except for inter-molar width at gingival level (tab.3).

Conclusions.
A significant increase in palatal volume, so as in the other parameters, has been proved for both treatments.
Strong HONO Emissions from Fertilized Soil in the North China Plain Driven by Nitrification and Water Evaporation
Authors: Xue Chaoyang , Ye Can , Liu Pengfei , Zhang Chenglong , Su Hang , Bao Fengxia , Cheng Yafang , Catoire Valéry , Ma Zhuobiao , Zhao Xiaoxi , Lu Keding , Liu Yuhan , McGillen Max , Mellouki Abdelwahid , Mu Yujing 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Soil was proposed as an important nitrous acid (HONO) source but has not so far been demonstrated by field flux measurements and its atmospheric impacts are highly uncertain. Through field flux measurements we found strong soil HONO emission flux (FHONO) enhanced by nitrogen fertilizer use for agricultural fields. FHONO showed distinct diurnal variations with noontime peaks up to hundreds of ng-N m-2 s-1. With soil samples where field measurements took place, our laboratory experiments subsequently found that the release of soil nitrification-originated nitrite as HONO was largely accelerated by surface water exchange. This process was parameterized by a modified Arrhenius equation that reproduced field flux observations well. With the consideration of FHONO, the box model could well reproduce the observed ambient HONO and found that FHONO could significantly accelerate ozone production, highlighting the amplified role of nitrogen fertilizer in exacerbating regional ozone pollution. Moreover, we found that nitrification inhibitors could reduce HONO emissions by ~90%, indicating their great potential to mitigate air pollution. Furthermore, we estimated yearly HONO emission of 0.25 Tg-N from global fertilizer use for agriculture, representing a considerable reactive nitrogen source and significantly affecting atmospheric oxidizing capacity and air quality on a global scale.
A protocol pre-specified interim overall survival analysis of the randomised phase III GEMSTONE-302 trial: sugemalimab or placebo plus platinum-based chemotherapy for first-line metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhou Caicun , Wang Ziping , Yang Jason 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

In the primary analysis of the GEMSTONE-302 trial, sugemalimab plus platinum-based chemotherapy conferred significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) versus placebo in patients with previously untreated metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with no known driver oncogene alterations. Here we report data from a protocol pre-specified interim overall survival (OS) analysis of that trial. In this randomised, double-blind, phase III trial (NCT03789604), adult patients with systemic-treatment-naïve stage IV NSCLC and no known driver oncogene alterations were randomised 2:1 to receive sugemalimab (1200 mg, intravenously) or placebo plus platinum-based chemotherapy every 3 weeks for up to four cycles, followed by maintenance therapy with intravenous sugemalimab or placebo plus pemetrexed (non-squamous NSCLC) or sugemalimab or placebo (squamous NSCLC). Placebo-treated patients could cross over to receive sugemalimab monotherapy upon disease progression. As of 22 November 2021 [median follow-up, 25.4 months (sugemalimab) vs 24.9 months (placebo)], median OS was 25.4 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 20.1-not reached] and 16.9 months (95% CI 12.8–20.7) for the sugemalimab and placebo groups, respectively [hazard ratio (HR) 0.65, 95% CI 0.50–0.84;P = 0.0008]. Median investigator-assessed PFS was 9.0 months (95% CI 7.4–10.9) and 4.9 months (95% CI 4.8–5.2), respectively (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.40–0.61;P < 0.0001). The OS and PFS benefit with sugemalimab was maintained regardless of histology types and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Sugemalimab-treated patients had a significantly higher objective response rate (ORR) versus placebo (63.4% versus 40.3%;P < 0.0001) with a longer median duration of response [9.9 months (95% CI 8.6–13.2) versus 4.4 months (95% CI 3.5–6.1)]. There were no new safety signals. Sugemalimab plus chemotherapy conferred a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in OS and PFS regardless of PD-L1 expression and histology types, supporting sugemalimab as a new first-line treatment option for metastatic NSCLC.