bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigations on the microstructure of drawn arc stud welds on structural steels by quantitative metallography
Authors: Brätz Oliver , Henkel Knuth-Michael 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The drawn arc stud welding is widely applied in steel construction, and its welding procedure can be qualified according to different standards by visual examinations and practical destructive tests of the resulting joint. An evaluation of the material properties is usually not requested particularly considering the locally limited weld region. Nevertheless, there is a need of knowledge regarding the complex press welding process metallurgy and resulting heterogeneous material properties in the welded zone, especially when welding on base materials with specified strength and toughness behavior that might be significantly diminished. In this study, the metallurgy of standardized large low alloyed Ø20 mm steel studs welded on plates of different generic structural steel grades is comprehensively analyzed by quantitative metallography. Structural steels with a moderate nominal yield strength of 355 MPa in non-alloyed normalized and micro-alloyed thermomechanically rolled delivery condition as well as a quenched and tempered structural steel with a high nominal yield strength of 690 MPa were investigated comparatively. Despite the different base plate compositions, very similar microstructures were found in the weld metal, whereas a typical quenching microstructure that strongly depends on the steel grade occurs in the heat-affected zone. A basic suitability of all steel grades regarding the DASW metallurgy was found.
Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (S-WSSQ) in a sample of participants with obesity seeking weight loss treatment
Authors: Magallares Alejandro , de Valle Pilar Benito , Irles José Antonio , Recio Patricia , Jáuregui-Lobera Ignacio 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Weight self-stigma may be defined as a self-devaluation due to one’s identification with the group of people with obesity. The Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ) is an instrument specifically designed to measure weight self-stigma in populations with overweight or obesity. The objective of this study was to adapt the WSSQ to the Spanish population (S-WSSQ) following the guidelines for cross-cultural adaptations.

Methods
The sample comprised 165 participants with obesity seeking weight loss treatment (65% women) at the “Hospital de Valme” (Seville, Spain). Scales to measure life satisfaction, self-esteem, positive and negative affect, and antifat attitudes were used to analyze the convergent and divergent validity of the S-WSSQ.

Results
A confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate values of the goodness of fit indexes of a two-factor model (χ2/df = 2.01 CFI = 0.92, IFI = 0.92, SRMR = 0.08, RMSEA = 0.078), replicating the structure found by the original authors. Cronbach’s alphas of the two factors were 0.76 (self-devaluation) and 0.77 (fear of enacted stigma). Composite Reliability values were 0.72 (self-devaluation) and 0.76 (fear of enacted stigma). Self-devaluation and fear of enacted stigma were negatively related to self-esteem, and positive affect, and positively related to negative affect and antifat attitudes. Finally, life satisfaction was negatively correlated to fear of enacted stigma.

Conclusions
Based on these results, it is concluded that the S-WSSQ has good psychometric properties and might be used by the Spanish-speaking scientific community to measure weight self-stigma.

Level of evidence
Level V, descriptive study.
Application of long-reach directional drilling boreholes for gas drainage of adjacent seams in coal mines with severe geological conditions
Authors: Leśniak Grzegorz , Brunner Daniel J. , Topór Tomasz , Słota-Valim Małgorzata , Cicha-Szot Renata , Jura Bartłomiej , Skiba Jacek , Przystolik Arnold , Lyddall Ben , Plonka Grzegorz 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to demonstrate the application of Long Reach Directionally Drilled Boreholes (LRDD) for gas drainage of adjacent seams before and during the longwall face operations of low permeability-high gas content coals Staszic-Wujek Hard Coal Mine in the Upper Silesia Coal Basin (Poland). Five LRDD Boreholes (TM1a-TM5) with a length of 300 and 400 m were located over coal seam 501 in the fractured zone and monitored over six months of longwall face operations. LRDD Boreholes were combined with Cross-Measured Boreholes. Reservoir characterization and geological modeling supported the results obtained from gas drainage. The drainage efficiency of LRDD Boreholes was the approximately 70% level, while conventional Cross-Measured Boreholes were only 30%. The highest goaf gas quality (94% methane concentration) was reported for TM4, placed at an average elevation of 41 m above coal seam 501. The highest goaf gas production (average 6.2 m3/min) was reported for LRDD Borehole TM3. This borehole was placed within the fracture zone (average elevation of 24.4 m) and drilled through the sandstone lithotype with the best reservoir properties, enhancing drainage performance. LRDD Boreholes TM2 and TM4 achieved similar performance. These three LRDD Boreholes were drilled close to the maximum principal horizontal stress direction, providing borehole stability during under-mining. The lowest goaf gas production was reported for LRDD Boreholes TM1a and TM5. Both Boreholes were placed in the rubble zone.
The Prevalence of High-Risk Behavior Among Adolescents in Aftercare Services and Transitioning from Out-of-home Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Petäjä Ulla-Kaarina , Terkamo-Moisio Anja , Karki Suyen , Häggman-Laitila Arja 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAdolescents in aftercare services who are transitioning from out-of-home care, also called care leavers, face more challenges in their lives, and engage in more risk behaviors, than their peers. However, no previous reviews have comprehensively addressed this issue to identify future research needs. The aim of this systematic review was to gather, assess, and synthesize previous studies concerning care leavers’ high-risk behavior. The search was conducted in six databases, with sixteen articles included in the final review. The selected research highlighted five forms of high-risk behavior: substance abuse, delinquency, sexual behavior, irresponsible use of money, and self-destructive behavior. The incidence of high-risk behavior among care leavers varied noticeably between the studies. Some of the studies reported significant connections between high-risk behavior and gender, race, reason(s) for placement, and the form and number of placements. The synthesized findings revealed a fragmented, limited view of care leavers’ high-risk behavior that highlighted substance abuse and delinquency. The development of adolescents, particularly care leavers, includes multiple factors that have either a conducive or protecting effect for high-risk behavior. Comprehensive research regarding care leavers’ high-risk behavior, including the associated factors, is needed to better support healthy development and success in transitioning to independent living.
Glass up-casting: a review on the current challenges in glass recycling and a novel approach for recycling “as-is” glass waste into volumetric glass components
Authors: Bristogianni Telesilla , Oikonomopoulou Faidra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper presents the casting of volumetric glass components from glass waste as an alternative glass-recycling approach. The approach is characterized by its flexibility to accommodate a variety of compositions and ability to yield volumetric (solid or thick-walled) glass products that can tolerate higher contamination rates without a significant compromise to their properties. The novelty of the proposed glass-to-glass recycling method lies in the “as-received” recycling of glass waste, using relatively low forming temperatures (750–1200 °C). This reduces both the need for expensive, labour-intensive and logistically complex purifying, segregation and treatment (e.g. removal of coatings) techniques, and the required energy and CO2emissions for product forming. Aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the potential but also of the technical and supply-chain challenges and limitations that still need to be tackled, in order to introduce this recycling approach to the market. Addressing the supply-chain barriers of glass recycling, the principal challenges linked to the collection and separation of glass waste and the established quality standards for the prevailing glass production technologies are identified, in order to argue upon the potential of this new recycling approach. In continuation, addressing the technical challenges that are mainly linked to contamination, an overview is provided of the main experimental findings on the influence of cullet contaminants and casting parameters on the generation of defects, and how these affect the mechanical properties. The experiments study a broad variety of glass compositions, including soda-lime, borosilicate, aluminosilicate and lead/barium glasses, and different levels of cullet contamination, of embedded (e.g. frit, wire) or external (e.g. stones, glass ceramics) character. Based on the cullet characteristics and imposed firing schedules, different glass quality grades arise and critical defects are highlighted. Thereafter, the most promising glass waste sources that can be recycled via this novel recycling approach are distinguished and directions for future research are highlighted.
Reinvigorating Country as teacher in Australian schooling: beginning with school teacher’s direct experiences, ‘relating with Country’
Authors: Spillman David , Wilson Ben , Nixon Monty , McKinnon Katharine 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Country as Teacher research project was a formative exploration of how Indigenous pedagogies might be taken-up as part of mainstream schooling for all Australian students. This paper reports on the first phase where participant teachers were guided and supported, through professional learning, to initiate their own ‘relating with Country’ practice. A Country as teacher pedagogy is enacted through cultivating the practice of reciprocal ‘relating with Country’, resulting in gratitude and learning about, from and how to care for the places we live. Enacting Country as Teacher in school-based curriculum operates as a ‘critical pedagogy of place’, contesting Eurocentric epistemic power in Australian curriculum, to provide a balanced ‘both ways’ education for all. We argue that for teachers to be able to appropriately facilitate Country as teacher pedagogies with students, they must first cultivate their own practice of ‘relating with Country’. In this paper, we examine the stories of 26 teachers in Canberra public schools as they develop their practice of relating with Country. These stories highlight the process, and participant’s challenges and successes. This paper contributes to foundational knowledge and experience for the uptake of Country as teacher pedagogies in Australian schools. Our emerging findings suggest that the practice of ‘relating with Country’ is within the reach of all teachers.
Historical development of the coaxial contra-rotating propeller
Authors: Filippone A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe review the development of the contra-rotating propellers from the origins to the present. Initially, these systems were proposed to increase speed, then to increase propulsive efficiency, and thus reduce fuel burn. Ultimately, they hit another environmental limit: too much noise. Acoustics has been in fact the main focus of the development in the past 30 years. Pioneering work done across countries demonstrated several unique features of this propulsor. Various embodiments are available, namely contra-rotating, counter-rotating, co-axial, tandem, open rotor and prop-fans, collectively named contra-rotating propellers. This review only considers concepts that have been applied to real aircraft, prototypes that are known to have been flight tested (about 70 vehicles), or representative laboratory models. Five classifications are proposed: pioneers (before 1940), golden years (1940–1950), Western airplanes (1950s onwards), Soviet-Russian airplanes (1950s onwards) and modern developments (1980s onwards). Selected experimental aircraft and laboratory concepts are mentioned, where these appear to advance the state-of-the-art. Power plants evolved from internal combustion engines to the modern gas turbine engines requiring new solutions. Engine layouts and propulsion configurations are analysed where appropriate. It is concluded that propulsive efficiency can only be achieved at a cost of multiple engineering problems, some of which remain unsolved.
Use of a Community Engagement and Research Core model to enhance primary care provider recruitment: A case example
Authors: Rishel Brakey Heidi , Martinez Julia M. , Sussman Andrew L. , McWethy Magdalena M. , Martinez Justin , Cordova Carla N. , Salvador Julie G. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Persistent barriers exist to engage rural providers in research and training. Provider shortages exacerbate these challenges, leading to a scarcity of time and limiting motivation to participate in research. We present application of an innovative engagement model to increase rural primary care provider participation in research. Using our Community Engagement and Research Core, we demonstrate that fundamental principles of training and expertise, attention to efficiency and multitasking, and commitment to community are important for addressing provider recruitment barriers. We encourage other Clinical and Translational Science Centers to provide similar services to their local investigators to enhance provider engagement in research.
Is compulsory voting a solution to low and declining turnout? Cross-national evidence since 1945
Authors: Kostelka Filip , Singh Shane P. , Blais André 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite the substantial body of research on compulsory voting's (CV) relationship with turnout, much remains unknown about the role of different types of CV rules, their enforcement, and their ability to prevent the secular turnout decline observed around the world. Moreover, existing studies that leverage changes to CV laws are limited to a single country. We assemble rich new data on voter turnout and electoral legislation that, we believe, include the most accurate and extensive cross-national measure of CV to date. We test three theoretically derived hypotheses: that CV enforcement matters for participation; that enforcement's effect is conditioned by state capacity; and that, only when CV is enforced, will it mitigate voter turnout's post-1970 tendency to decline. We find support for each. We also find that the nature of sanctions for non-voting is irrelevant for participation.
Extraterritorial, Universal, or Transnational Human Rights Law?
Authors: Palombo Dalia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTraditionally, international human rights adjudication relied on the paradigm of extraterritoriality on the rare occasions when it was confronted with cross-border cases. This paradigm recognises only limited circumstances in which states bear extraterritorial human rights obligations. However, with globalisation, transboundary human rights cases have multiplied. This emerging litigation increasingly reveals that the paradigm of extraterritoriality is no longer fit to address global crises. Extraterritoriality demands effective control over a territory, or authority and control over a person, for a state to exercise jurisdiction outside its territory. Thus, several cases of cross-border human rights abuses are inevitably barred on jurisdictional grounds. This is particularly true for obligations of a global character, which are, by their very nature, completely unrelated to the control that states exercise over territories or people. It is therefore necessary to look beyond extraterritoriality. This article analyses the competing paradigms of universality and transnationality as they have been adopted by domestic courts. It argues that international human rights adjudication should reconceptualise extraterritoriality against the background of universality and transnationality to address global crises.
Effects of genotypes and sowing methods on growth, phenology and yield of fonio (Digitaria exilis) in Benin
Authors: Kanlindogbè Cyrille , Sekloka Emmanuel , Séïdou Moudjaïdou , Kora Ayouba Tikin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFonio is an identity and orphan cereal of Africa whose production system has remained traditional. This work assessed the responses of selected genotypes of fonio to different sowing methods in Benin from 2018 to 2019. Split plot design with three replicates was used. Four genotypes from mass selection and two control varieties were randomly arranged in four planting modalities (ordinary broadcast sowing, continuous row sowing at inter-rows 20 cm (SLC20) and 25 cm (SLC25) and in seed hole sowing (SP25 × 20)). Agro-morphological data were collected and subjected to variance and multivariate analyses. On all traits, interaction (variety × sowing × year) was not significant. Other interactions (variety × sowing, variety × year, sowing × year) were significant on some morpho-phenological traits. Genotypes AS19-1-1, AS1 and ‘Yoro’ were the earliest, especially AS19-1-1 presenting sowing–heading cycle less of 65 days. Improved genotypes were the most grain yielding mainly AS15-1-1 (1056.5 kg/ha) showing an excess of 405.9 kg/ha compared to control ‘Yoro’ (650.9 kg/ha), the least performing. However, control ‘Iporawan’ was the most yielding in dry matter (>8000 kg/ha). Based on sowing methods, plant density was negatively correlated with tiller number. The best growth and grain yield performances were obtained in broadcast sowing and especially in SLC25 (911.4 kg/ha). Cropping systems in which the new genotypes (AS1, AS13-1, AS15-1-1, 19-6-1-1) sown in continuous rows at 20–25 cm apart, or by broadcasting, were better in terms of grain yield (971.7 kg/ha). These systems constitute cultivation innovation which will enable to optimize fonio production and bring added value.
The musical lives of young children in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Evans Rebecca Jane , Dean Bronya , Byett Fergus 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite a global interest in the musical experiences of young children, the everyday musical lives of young New Zealanders remain unexamined. Using data collected through the Growing Up in New Zealand longitudinal study, we explore the early musical experiences of approximately 6,800 infants and toddlers. Data collected from the primary caregivers and their partners pre-birth, when the children were 9 months old, and 2 years old are used to explore five areas: parental singing; active musical play; music listening; involvement in music groups; and participation in wider cultural events. Musical engagement is analysed with respect to various child, parental and family characteristics, including parental education, socio-economic status, and parental knowledge of and appreciation for the arts. The results provide a holistic description of the musical environments of young children in Aotearoa New Zealand.
Upregulation of miR-184 and miR-19a-3p induces endothelial dysfunction by targeting AGO2 in Kawasaki disease
Authors: Liao Jinwen , Guo Xin , Fan Xue , Zhang Xiangtong , Xu Mingguo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground:Endothelial dysfunction is a marked feature of Kawasaki disease during convalescence, but its pathogenesis is currently unclear. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with the progression of Kawasaki disease. However, the role and mechanism of circulating miRNAs in endothelial dysfunction are largely unknown. Kawasaki disease patients were found to have a unique circulating miRNA profile, including upregulation of miRNA-210-3p, miR-184 and miR-19a-3p, compared to non-Kawasaki disease febrile controls. This study aimed to investigate the effects of these three miRNAs on endothelial function.Methods:Overexpression of miRNAs in human umbilical vein endothelial cells was done by transfection of miRNA mimics. The tube formation assay was used to evaluate the function of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The potential binding sites of miRNAs on 3’untranslated regions were predicted by using TargetScan database and validated by dual luciferase reporter assay. The protein expression of AGO2, PTEN and VEGF in human umbilical vein endothelial cells was detected by Western blot. Overexpression of AGO2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells was done by transfection of AGO2 expression plasmids.Results:Overexpression of miRNA-184 and miRNA-19a-3p, but not miR-210-3p, impaired the function of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mechanistically, miR-184 and miR-19a-3p could target the 3’untranslated regions of AGO2 mRNA to downregulate its expression and subsequently impede the AGO2/PTEN/VEGF axis. To be noted, the rescue of the expression of AGO2 remarkably recovered the function that was impaired by overexpression of miRNA-184 and miRNA-19a-3p.Conclusions:This study suggested that miR-184 and miR-19a-3p could target AGO2/PTEN/VEGF axis to induce endothelial dysfunction in Kawasaki disease.
What factors empower general practitioners for early cancer diagnosis? A 20-country European Delphi Study
Authors: Tzanis George , Harris Michael , Brekke Mette , Marzo-Castillejo Mercè , Cifcili Saliha Serap , Wawrzynek Wojciech , Flamm Maria , Buono Nicola , Márkus Bernadett , Zacay Galia , Skuja Ilze , Adzic Zlata Ozvacic , Iacob Mihai , Asenova Radost , Petek Davorina , Buczkowski Krzysztof , Curtis Pamela , Pilv-Toom Liina , Hoffman Robert , Smyrnakis Emmanouil 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background:
Some symptoms are recognised as red flags for cancer, causing the General Practitioner (GP) to refer the patient for investigation without delay. However, many early symptoms of cancer are vague and unspecific, and in these cases, a delay in referral risks a diagnosis of cancer that is too late. Empowering GPs in their management of patients that may have cancer is likely to lead to more timely cancer diagnoses.

Aim:
To identify the factors that affect European GPs’ empowerment in making an early diagnosis of cancer.

Methods:
This was a Delphi study involving GPs in 20 European countries. We presented GPs with 52 statements representing factors that could empower GPs to increase the number of early cancer diagnoses. Over three Delphi rounds, we asked GPs to indicate the clinical relevance of each statement on a Likert scale.
The final list of statements indicated those that were considered by consensus to be the most relevant.

Results:
In total, 53 GPs from 20 European countries completed the Delphi process, out of the 68 GPs who completed round one. Twelve statements satisfied the pre-defined criteria for relevance. Five of the statements related to screening and four to the primary/secondary care interface. The other selected statements concerned information technology (IT) and GPs’ working conditions. Statements relating to training, skills and working efficiency were not considered priority areas.

Conclusion:
GPs consider that system factors relating to screening, the primary-secondary care interface, IT and their working conditions are key to enhancing their empowerment in patients that could have cancer. These findings provide the basis for seeking actions and policies that will support GPs in their efforts to achieve timely cancer diagnosis.