bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Education and Opportunity during the First World War. Post-compulsory Study at the Harris Institute, Preston, 1914–18
Authors: Vernon Keith , Wilkinson Oliver 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Education during the First World War is generally overlooked. Schooling was seriously undermined by the demands of war, and the principal educational measure to emerge from the war offered little recompense. Similarly, studies of education and opportunity in the early twentieth century pass quickly over the war years and the 1918 Education Act to focus on the inter-war period. This article argues that an important sector of education, that of part-time, post-compulsory vocational education, has not received due recognition as a factor during the war, and in studies of social mobility more broadly. Through a close analysis of student cohorts who attended the Harris Institute in Preston, we show that there were significant new opportunities arising during the war. Different kinds of students, notably younger people, women, and from poorer backgrounds, took advantage of the expanding opportunities. Combining details of students’ courses of study with evidence of their family and occupational backgrounds, gives insights into the aspirations of these working people to advance their careers, move into new sectors of work, or broaden their cultural horizons.
Persistent Cancer-Related Fatigue After Breast Cancer Treatment Predicts Postural Sway and Postexertional Changes in Sit-to-Stand Strategy
Authors: Wechsler Stephen , Kneiss Janet , Adams Benjamin , Wood Magee Lisa J. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is considered a primary mechanism of imbalance among women diagnosed with breast cancer. Recent evidence, however, suggests that cancer-related fatigue (CRF) may also influence balance.

Purpose:
Examine the contributions of CRF and CIPN to static and dynamic balance before and after a period of fatiguing exercise.

Methods:
This is a secondary analysis of data examining functional differences between women with breast cancer with and with no persistent CRF. Postural sway was measured during static standing and the rising phase of an instrumented sit-to-stand before and after exercise. Regression analyses were performed to determine how CRF and severity of CIPN predicted sway and how much variance was attributable to each.

Results:
Greater CRF predicted increased pre-, P = .04, and postexertional, P = .02, static sway in the anterior-posterior plane. Cancer-related fatigue accounted for 10.5% and 9.5% of the variance in pre- and postexertional sway (respectively) compared with the 0.9% and 1.4% accounted for by CIPN severity, which was not a significant predictor. After exercise, greater CRF predicted smaller, more conservative, anterior weight shifting during the instrumented sit-to-stand, P = .01, and accounted for 6.6% of the variance in sway compared with 3% attributed to CIPN, which was not a significant predictor.

Limitations:
This analysis is limited by its small and demographically homogenous sample.

Conclusions:
These results suggest that CRF may influence balance independent of CIPN symptoms. While CIPN remains a risk factor for imbalance in this population, CRF warrants consideration in clinical practice and research as a mechanism of postural instability.
Modern preoperative evaluation in ambulatory surgery – who, where and how?
Authors: Filipovic Mark G. , Schwenter Aline , Luedi Markus M. , Urman Richard D. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
Ambulatory surgery is increasingly performed in medically complex patients. This dynamic environment requires new approaches to ensure cost-effective, efficient, and ultimately safe preoperative evaluation of the patient. This review investigates recent advances in the assessment of ambulatory patients, with a special focus on patient screening, digital communication, and multidisciplinary team evaluation.

Recent findings
Identifying suitable candidates for ambulatory surgery relies on a variety of medical, surgical, and institutional factors. Identification of high-risk patients and optimization of their treatment can be achieved through multidisciplinary protocols specific to the local institution and in line with current guidelines. Virtual assessment may be sufficient for most patients and provide an efficient evaluation strategy and high patient satisfaction. Prescreening can be supported by preoperative nursing teams.

Summary
The increasing complexity of treatment provided in day surgery offers a unique opportunity to highlight the importance of anesthesiology staff as perioperative caregivers. Preoperative evaluation serves as a central junction to integrate a variety of surgical, medical, and institutional factors to provide safe, satisfactory, and efficient care for patients. Implementing technological innovation to streamline and facilitate this process is paramount.
Application of user-centered co-design principles to address barriers in therapeutic drug monitoring
Authors: Wong Sherilyn , Davis Aaron , Selby Philip R. , Khoo Richie , Gwilt Ian , Stocker Sophie L. , Ward Michael B. , Reuter Stephanie E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Different software applications have been developed to support healthcare professionals in individualized drug dosing. However, their translation into clinical practice is limited, partly because of poor usability and integration into workflow, which can be attributed to the limited involvement of healthcare professionals in the development and implementation of drug dosing software. This study applied co-design principles to inform the design of a drug dosing software to address barriers in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) using vancomycin as an example.

Methods:
Three workshops (face-to-face and online) were conducted by design researchers with pharmacists and prescribers. User journey storyboards, user personas, and prototyping tools were used to explore existing barriers to practice and opportunities for innovation through drug dosing software design. A prototype of the software interface was developed for further evaluation.

Results:
Healthcare professionals (11 hospital pharmacists and 6 prescribers) with ≥2 years of clinical experience were recruited. Confidence and software usability emerged as the main themes. Participants identified a lack of confidence in vancomycin dosing and pharmacokinetic understanding and difficulty in accessing practice guidelines as key barriers that could be addressed through software implementation. Accessibility to information (e.g., guidelines and pharmacokinetic resources) and information presentation (e.g., graphical) within the dosing software were dependent on the needs and experience of the user. A software prototype with a speedometer-dial visual to convey optimal doses was well received by participants.

Conclusion:
The perspectives of healthcare professionals highlight the need for drug dosing software to be user-centred and adaptable to the needs and workflow of end users. Continuous engagement with stakeholders on tool usability, training, and education is needed to promote the implementation in practice.
Indian physicians' attitudes and practice regarding menopause and its management: a focus group discussion
Authors: Lathia Tejal , Selvan Chitra , Namjoshi Shraddha , Chawak Shweta , Kelada Lauren , Chittem Mahati 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To explore Indian physicians' attitudes and practice toward menopause and its management. To contribute to the larger project aimed at developing communication skills and decision aids for Indian physicians and women.

Methods
Using a cross-sectional design, purposive sampling, and a qualitative methodology, 10 Indian physicians (female, 6; male, 4; mean age, 51.5 years) who were practicing either endocrinology or gynecology were recruited to participate in a virtual focus group discussion. Questions explored physicians' attitudes toward menopause and their approach toward addressing menopause and related concerns with their patients. The focus group was analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results
Three main themes emerged: (1) “The only way to get over it is to accept it”: Attitudes toward menopause, (2) “More than menopausal hormone therapy, it is empathy that's required”: Physiological and psychological symptom management and (3) Matching the empathic intent with skills: A need for training in the management of menopause.

Conclusions
The study findings underscore the need to introduce Indian physicians to empathic communication skills training, involve, and educate physicians about the international and national clinical guidelines regarding menopausal hormone therapy and alternative therapies, and techniques for distress screening and early referrals.

Video Summary

http://links.lww.com/MENO/B17.
Menstrual cycle phase, menopausal transition stage, self-reports of premenstrual syndrome and symptom severity: observations from the Seattle Midlife Women's Health Study
Authors: Mitchell Ellen Sullivan , Woods Nancy Fugate 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of menstrual cycle phases (postmenses and premenses), self-report of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), late reproductive stages (LRS1 and LRS2), and early menopausal transition (EMT) stage (Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop [STRAW]) on severity of five symptom groups.

Methods
A subset of Seattle Midlife Women's Health Study participants (n = 290) in either LRS1 or LRS2 or EMT (STRAW+10 criteria) provided daily symptom data for at least one full menstrual cycle during the first year of the study and reported current PMS. Symptom severity was rated (1-4, least to most severe) in the daily diary for five symptom groups (dysphoric mood, neuromuscular, somatic, vasomotor, and insomnia) identified earlier with the same sample (Maturitas 1996;25:1-10). A three-way analysis of variance was used to test for within- and between-participants effects on symptom severity.

Results
Stage had no effect on severity for any of the five symptom groups. Dysphoric mood and neuromuscular and somatic symptom severity (but not vasomotor or insomnia severity) differed significantly across menstrual cycle phases, increasing from postmenses to premenses. Current PMS and premenses cycle phase had significant interactive effects on dysphoric mood and neuromuscular symptoms, but there were no significant interaction effects on somatic, vasomotor, or insomnia symptom severity.

Conclusions
Dysphoric mood, neuromuscular, and somatic symptoms exhibit cyclicity and are influenced by current PMS. Late reproductive stages and EMT stage do not have significant effects on the five symptom groups. Vasomotor or insomnia symptoms do not exhibit significant cyclicity from postmenses to premenses and are not affected by current PMS. Future studies of symptom cyclicity and reproductive aging including daily symptom data across an entire menstrual cycle in samples including women in late menopausal transition stage are essential to capture the effects of both cyclicity and self-reported PMS to capture symptom severity reports at their peak.
Vibrio Septicemia Diagnosed With Next-Generation Sequencing: A Case Report
Authors: Chen Zutao , Liu Xiao , Wang Yajuan , Yao Yunhai 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus are marine Gram-negative bacilli that can cause septicemia and gastrointestinal and wound infections. Early suspicion, diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy for those infections are essential as delay can adversely affect the outcome. Here, we report a patient who developed a V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus infection after contact with a fishing net. The cause of infection was finally diagnosed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing. The patient required an emergency amputation of the upper- and middle-third of the right upper limb.
Title: Cataract Surgery in Patients with Underlying Keratoconus: A Focused Review
Authors: Gonzalez-Salinas Roberto , Franco Jovany Jeomar , Reyes-Luis José Luis , Sánchez-Huerta Valeria , de Wit-Carter Guillermo , Hernández-Quintela Everardo , Pineda Roberto 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An underlying diagnosis of keratoconus (KCN) can complicate cataract surgery. Herein, the results of a focused review of the literature pertaining to cataract surgery in patients with KCN are detailed. Topics essential for the appropriate management of this patient population are discussed. First, the individual and shared epidemiology and pathophysiology of cataract and KCN are reviewed. Then, the theory and approach to intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation are discussed, highlighting particularities and pitfalls of this exercise when performed in patients with KCN. Finally, several special—although not uncommon—management scenarios and questions are addressed, such as surgical planning in cases where corneal stabilization or tissue replacement interventions are also necessitated.
Optimizing outcomes for men with severe infertility
Authors: Marinaro Jessica A. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
To evaluate recent evidence related to optimizing outcomes for men with severe infertility, including effect of ejaculatory abstinence interval on semen parameters and assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes, and impact of cryopreservation on surgically retrieved testicular sperm obtained from men with nonobstructive azoospermia (also referred to as azoospermia due to spermatogenic dysfunction).

Recent findings
Recent evidence strongly suggests that a short abstinence interval improves sperm motility and ART outcomes. Similarly, recent studies have concluded that using fresh vs. frozen testicular sperm results in higher live birth rates.

Summary
Although the World Health Organization currently recommends a 2- to 7-day ejaculatory abstinence period, this interval is based more on the need to standardize semen parameters than clinical outcomes. In fact, recent evidence suggests that shorter abstinence consistently improves sperm motility and ART outcomes for infertile men. Similarly, recent studies have reported an improvement in live birth rates with fresh (vs. frozen) testicular sperm, though their retrospective design and lack of intention to treat analyses makes it difficult to draw strong conclusions. Although additional, well designed studies are needed, providers may be able to leverage these techniques in their practice to improve outcomes for some infertile men.
Serum Neurofilament Light in Neurosyphilis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Marra Christina M. , Sahi Sharon K. , Tantalo Lauren C. , Zetterberg Henrik 
Published: October 2022

Background
Lumbar puncture is recommended for individuals with syphilis who have neurological symptoms; however, symptoms have poor sensitivity for predicting symptomatic neurosyphilis. Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a marker for neuroaxonal injury; cerebrospinal fluid concentrations are higher in symptomatic neurosyphilis than in uncomplicated syphilis or asymptomatic neurosyphilis.

Methods
Serum NfL was quantified in 20 individuals with uncomplicated syphilis, 10 with asymptomatic neurosyphilis and 10 with symptomatic neurosyphilis using an ultrasensitive single-molecule array assay; it was repeated a median of 12.5 months after neurosyphilis therapy. Serum NfL concentration was age-adjusted using a published formula.

Results
Age-adjusted serum NfL concentration was significantly higher in symptomatic neurosyphilis compared with each of the other 2 groups. It was above the highest value in uncomplicated syphilis in 1 of 10 participants with asymptomatic neurosyphilis and 3 of 10 with symptomatic neurosyphilis. Serum NfL concentration increased in 1 participant with asymptomatic neurosyphilis with possible treatment failure.

Conclusions
If confirmed in a larger study, serum NfL may be a useful adjunct for identifying central nervous system infection by Treponema pallidum.
International Smuggling of Illicit Drugs by Body Concealment at a Tertiary Hospital in Istanbul
Authors: Kaplan Onur , Sogut Ozgur 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Smuggling of illicit substances by internal concealment has recently become a preferred method of international drug trade. The drug carriers are known as body packers. This study aimed to assess the demographic features and outcomes of body packers admitted to a referral center in Istanbul. Data were retrospectively evaluated from January 2017 to December 2019 from suspected body packers who were referred to the emergency department of a tertiary-care university by Istanbul Airport narcotics police due to suspected concealment of illicit drugs. Eighty-one cases were identified and included in this study. Of these, 71 subjects were confirmed to be body packers by radiological methods. The 15 women and 56 men had a mean age of 35 years. The most common nationality of the body packers was Nigerian, followed by Turkish and South African. Cocaine was the most commonly smuggled packet, followed by hashish, and heroin. All body packers were conservatively managed using laxatives or watchful waiting. No cases required surgical retrieval of packets. Abdominal radiography and computed tomography are useful tools for the evaluation of suspected body packers. The use of improved packaging material by smugglers and complications due to surgery and endoscopy make the conservative approach preferred.
The Massachusetts Department of Public Health Post Overdose Support Team Initiative: A Public Health–Centered Co-Response Model for Post–Overdose Outreach
Authors: Formica Scott W. , Reilly Brittni , Duska MaryKate , Ruiz Sarah C. , Lagasse Peter , Wheeler Mary , Delaney Amy , Walley Alexander Y. 
Published: October 2022

Context:
Post–overdose outreach programs have emerged in response to surging overdose deaths amid fentanyl contamination of the illicit opioid supply. Predominantly centered in police departments in collaboration with public health providers, these programs conduct home-based outreach with survivors and their social networks following an overdose.

Approach:
We describe implementation of the Post Overdose Support Team (POST) initiative, an ongoing public health funded and centered approach. Post Overdose Support Team is a person-centered model led by harm reductionists in health and human services agencies in collaboration with municipal first responders. The goal of POST is to engage overdose survivors and their social network to improve general health, connect people to services (including access to treatment, if desired), and reduce risk of subsequent overdose.

Implementation:
Nine agencies in Massachusetts that are part of the state's overdose education and naloxone distribution network implemented POST programs, covering 28 municipalities. The POST teams conduct home-based outreach with individuals who experienced an opioid-related overdose to provide a menu of services, including naloxone rescue kits, overdose response and risk reduction planning, referral to treatment for substance use disorders, including medication for opioid use disorder, and referral to recovery and family supports.

Evaluation:
From October 2017 to October 2021, the POST teams attempted to reach 5634 overdose survivors via 10 536 outreach visits. Teams successfully engaged 3014 survivors, either directly or through contact with their social network (53.5% success rate). Using data from a real-time encounter-level database, monthly peer-sharing calls with program sites, and annual site visits, we describe the implementation of the POST initiative and provide practice-based recommendations and lessons learned.

Discussion:
Early evidence suggests that the POST initiative is meeting its goal to engage overdose survivors, improve general health, and reduce subsequent overdose risk. Future evaluations should examine long-term outcomes among participants, including service linkages and incremental behavior change.
Validation and Improvement of a Machine Learning Model to Predict Interruptions in Antiretroviral Treatment in South Africa
Authors: Esra Rachel , Carstens Jacques , Le Roux Sue , Mabuto Tonderai , Eisenstein Michael , Keiser Olivia , Orel Erol , Merzouki Aziza , De Voux Lucien , Maskew Mhari , Sharpey-Schafer Kieran 
Published: October 2022

Introduction:
Machine learning algorithms are increasingly being used to inform HIV prevention and detection strategies. We validated and extended a previously developed machine learning model for patient retention on antiretroviral therapy in a new geographic catchment area in South Africa.

Methods:
We compared the ability of an adaptive boosting algorithm to predict interruption in treatment (IIT) in 2 South African cohorts from the Free State and Mpumalanga and Gauteng and North West (GA/NW) provinces. We developed a novel set of predictive features for the GA/NW cohort using a categorical boosting model. We evaluated the ability of the model to predict IIT over all visits and across different periods within a patient's treatment trajectory.

Results:
When predicting IIT, the GA/NW and Free State and Mpumalanga models demonstrated a sensitivity of 60% and 61%, respectively, able to correctly predict nearly two-thirds of all missed visits with a positive predictive value of 18% and 19%. Using predictive features generated from the GA/NW cohort, the categorical boosting model correctly predicted 22,119 of a total of 35,985 missed next visits, yielding a sensitivity of 62%, specificity of 67%, and positive predictive value of 20%. Model performance was highest when tested on visits within the first 6 months.

Conclusions:
Machine learning algorithms may be useful in informing tools to increase antiretroviral therapy patient retention and efficiency of HIV care interventions. This is particularly relevant in developing countries where health data systems are being strengthened to collect data on a scale that is large enough to apply novel analytical methods.
Radiomics-Based Machine Learning to Predict Recurrence in Glioma Patients Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Hu Guanjie , Hu Xinhua , Yang Kun , Yu Yun , Jiang Zijuan , Liu Yong , Liu Dongming , Hu Xiao , Xiao Hong , Zou Yuanjie , You Yongping , Liu Hongyi , Chen Jiu 
Published: October 2022

Objective
Recurrence is a major factor in the poor prognosis of patients with glioma. The aim of this study was to predict glioma recurrence using machine learning based on radiomic features.

Methods
We recruited 77 glioma patients, consisting of 57 newly diagnosed patients and 20 patients with recurrence. After extracting the radiomic features from T2-weighted images, the data set was randomly divided into training (58 patients) and testing (19 patients) cohorts. An automated machine learning method (the Tree-based Pipeline Optimization Tool) was applied to generate 10 independent recurrence prediction models. The final model was determined based on the area under the curve (AUC) and average specificity. Moreover, an independent validation set of 20 patients with glioma was used to verify the model performance.

Results
Recurrence in glioma patients was successfully predicting by machine learning using radiomic features. Among the 10 recurrence prediction models, the best model achieved an accuracy of 0.81, an AUC value of 0.85, and a specificity of 0.69 in the testing cohort, but an accuracy of 0.75 and an AUC value of 0.87 in the independent validation set.

Conclusions
Our algorithm that is generated by machine learning exhibits promising power and may predict recurrence noninvasively, thereby offering potential value for the early development of interventions to delay or prevent recurrence in glioma patients.