bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assembly of high‐quality genomes of the locoweed Oxytropis ochrocephala and its endophyte Alternaria oxytropis provides new evidence for their symbiotic relationship and swainsonine biosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Li , Wu Ruolin , Mur Luis A. J. , Guo Chenchen , Zhao Xuan , Meng Huizhen , Yan Di , Zhang Xiuhong , Guan Huirui , Han Guodong , Guo Bin , Yue Fangzheng , Wei Yahui , Zhao Peng , He Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLocoweeds are perennial forbs poisonous to livestock and cause extreme losses to animal husbandry. Locoweed toxicity is attributed to the symbiotic endophytes in Alternaria sect. Undifilum, which produce a mycotoxin swainsonine (SW). We performed a de novo whole genome sequencing of the most common locoweed in China, Oxytropis ochrocephala (2n = 16), and assembled a high‐quality, chromosome‐level reference genome. Its genome size is 958.83 Mb with 930.94 Mb (97.09%) anchored and oriented onto eight chromosomes, and 31,700 protein‐coding genes were annotated. Phylogenetic and collinearity analysis showed it is closely related to Medicago truncatula with a pair of large interchromosomal rearrangements, and both species underwent a whole‐genome duplication event. We also derived the genome of A. oxytropis at 74.48 Mb with a contig N50 of 8.87 Mb and 10,657 protein‐coding genes, and refined the genes of SW biosynthesis. Multiple Alternaria species containing the swnK gene were grouped into a single clade, but in other genera, swnK's homologues are diverse. Resequencing of 41 A. oxytropis strains revealed one SNP in the SWN cluster causing changes in SW concentration. Comparing the transcriptomes of symbiotic and nonsymbiotic interactions identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) linked to defence and secondary metabolism in the host. Within the endophyte DEGs were linked to cell wall degradation, fatty acids and nitrogen metabolism. Symbiosis induced the upregulation of most of the SW biosynthetic genes. These two genomes and relevant sequencing data should provide valuable genetic resources for the study of the evolution, interaction, and SW biosynthesis in the symbiont.
A GLMM approach for combining multiple relative abundance surfaces
Authors: Conn Paul B. , Ver Hoef Jay M. , McClintock Brett T. , Johnson Devin S. , Brost Brian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Spatio‐temporal maps of organismal density or relative abundance are fundamental to many applications in conservation and ecology. There are often a number of data sources to inform species maps, including citizen science monitoring programs, remote sensing, geolocation data from satellite‐tagged animals and formal scientific surveys. In these cases, it may be desirable to come up with a single map integrating all data sources.

We introduce a novel two‐step method for combining inference about relative abundance maps using multiple data sources. Log‐scale relative abundance surfaces are first estimated from individual data sets, and resultant surfaces are then treated as ‘data’ within a generalized linear mixed model framework with a spatially autocorrelated mean process. We also introduce generalizations allowing data misalignment and predictive processes to decrease computational burden.

Using simulation, we show that our approach frequently outperfoms other approaches, including basing inference on a single surface, or taking a simple arithmetic mean (although the arithmetic mean performs well when there are few surfaces). We then demonstrate our method using citizen science and satellite‐tracking data of Steller sea lions in Alaska. In this case, relative abundance surfaces consisted of an effort‐adjusted map developed from platform‐of‐opportunity sightings and a utilization distribution developed from geolocation records. The resulting combined surface represented a compromise between single‐data source predictions.

Our approach should be useful for ecologists seeking to reconcile alternative species distribution maps, particularly when individual surfaces are prone to bias, when there is no obvious common currency (e.g. point process), or when computational demands preclude a fully integrated analysis.
Oral melatonin did not reduce anxiety before elective hernia repair: A randomised, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Holm Mikkel Andreas , Gram‐Hanssen Anders , Madsen Bennedikte Kollerup , Zetner Dennis Bregner , Rosenberg Jacob 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative anxiety is a common issue in surgery. Preoperative anxiety may lead to increased mortality, pain and dissatisfaction with surgery. Melatonin is a drug with only mild adverse effects and has previously been shown to reduce anxiety and pain in the perioperative setting. The aim of study was to investigate the anxiolytic effect of melatonin in the preoperative setting.MethodsThis study was a randomised, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled clinical trial. Included patients were allocated in the ratio 1:1 to either the placebo group or the melatonin group. Patients received 10 mg melatonin or placebo the evening before surgery, 2 h before surgery, immediately after surgery and the evening after surgery. Preoperative anxiety was examined 1 h before surgery, using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire, along with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of anxiety. Furthermore, participants filled out a sleep log each morning, where we examined sleep quality, comfort and drowsiness.ResultsSixteen patients received placebo treatment and 17 patients received melatonin. Median state anxiety on the STAI scale at baseline was 27 (interquartile range [IQR] 22–34) for the melatonin group and 27 (IQR 23–31) for the placebo group. In the primary outcome of preoperative anxiety 1 h before surgery, the median state anxiety on the STAI scale was 27 (IQR 24–34) for the melatonin group and 28 (24–33) for the placebo group, p = .814. VAS anxiety was median 7 (0–28) for the melatonin group and median 7 (1–13) for the placebo group, p = .813. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the secondary outcomes of sleep quality and consumption of analgesics.ConclusionMelatonin did not reduce preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing hernia repair. Preoperative anxiety levels were low, which limits the generalisability of our findings.
Plasma proteome profiling of healthy individuals across the life span in a Sicilian cohort with long‐lived individuals
Authors: Siino Valentina , Ali Ashfaq , Accardi Giulia , Aiello Anna , Ligotti Mattia E. , Mosquim Junior Sergio , Candore Giuseppina , Caruso Calogero , Levander Fredrik , Vasto Sonya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe study of healthy human aging is important for shedding light on the molecular mechanisms behind aging to promote well‐being and to possibly predict and/or avoid the development of age‐related disorders such as atherosclerosis and diabetes. Herein, we have employed an untargeted mass spectrometry‐based approach to study age‐related protein changes in a healthy Sicilian plasma cohort including long‐lived individuals. This approach confirmed some of the previously known proteins correlated with age including fibulin‐1, dystroglycan, and gamma‐glutamyl hydrolase. Furthermore, our findings include novel proteins that correlate with age and/or with location and uric acid, which could represent a unique signature for healthy aging.
Removal of separated instruments from unfavourable locations: Case reports using the HBW ultrasonic ring or a surgical approach
Authors: Coaguila‐Llerena Hernán , Lazo‐Quezada Geraldine , Teves Abel , Zevallos‐Chávez Marco , Faria Gisele 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTwo patients were admitted to the dental clinic to evaluate two right mandibular first molars (both FDI no. 46). In Case 1, there was an accidental instrument separation, which was thought to have been bypassed; however, the instrument was located beyond the apical foramen, in the alveolar bone. The 1‐week follow‐up revealed that the fragment was close to the inferior alveolar nerve, thus allowing surgical removal to be performed. In Case 2, two separated instruments located in the apical third of the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals were removed using the HBW ultrasonic ring coupled to ISO 10 and 15 hand instruments. The 3‐month and 1‐year follow‐ups (Case 1), and the 2‐year and 3‐year follow‐ups (Case 2) showed a favourable evolution in both cases. It can be concluded that both the surgical approach and the HBW ultrasonic ring are viable options for the removal of separated instruments in unfavourable locations.
Intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter, milk production, and composition of cows fed with diets containing oilseed cakes: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Santos Girlene Cordeiro de Lima , Gonzaga Neto Severino , Bezerra Leilson Rocha , de Medeiros Ariosvaldo Nunes , de Carvalho Francisco Fernando Ramos , de Oliveira Juliana Silva 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOilseed cakes can partially replace corn or soy used in the diet without losing animal performance. The objective was to carry out a meta‐analysis and principal component analysis to evaluate the effects of cakes on the intake and apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter (DM) and milk production and composition in lactating dairy cows. The data set used in the meta‐analysis came from 51 studies published between 2009 and 2019, which resulted in 119 studies with 18 types of cakes evaluated in 1350 cows. Cows fed with cakes increased dry matter intake (DMI) by 0.366 kg d−1 (P < 0.001) and DMI as a function of the animal's body weight by 0.103% (P < 0.0001) compared with the diet without cake. The milk protein content decreased by 0.050% (P < 0.010). The contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (26%–%) and ether extract (EE) (3%–7%) of the cake diets did not affect ADCDM. Cakes with contents between 10% and 30% can replace corn or soy in the diet without affecting milk production, components (fat, protein, and lactose), and contents (fat and lactose), but it can reduce the milk protein content of milk.
Integrating effects of neighbor interactions for pollination and abiotic resources on coffee yield in a multi‐strata agroforest
Authors: Fitch Gordon , Gonzalez John , Oana Anna M. , Oliver Maggie , Vandermeer John 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnimal‐pollinated plants interact with neighbors for both abiotic resources and pollination, with consequences for reproduction and yield. Yet few studies have compared the relative magnitude of these effects, particularly in agroecosystems. In vertically stratified communities, such as agroforests, neighbor effects may be stratum‐dependent. Understanding the net effects of neighbors on crop yield is important for managing multifunctional agroecosystems to simultaneously support production and biodiversity. This study evaluated the effects of neighboring plants on pollen deposition, fertilization, and yield in Coffea arabica in a shaded organic coffee farm with high non‐crop plant abundance and diversity in Chiapas, Mexico. We assessed the impact of (1) floral resources at three vertical strata (herbs, coffee bushes, and canopy trees) on stigma pollen load (a measure of interaction for pollination), and (2) floral density and canopy cover (proxies for competition for abiotic resources) on yield (final fruit set and per‐fruit weight), using structural equation modeling to evaluate the relative effect of each interaction type. Coffee competed for pollination with neighbors (conspecifics and heterospecifics) across strata. Pollen load influenced final fruit set, but the effect of neighbor competition for pollination was weaker than effects mediated by interactions for abiotic resources. Effects of interactions for abiotic resources were heterogeneous across strata, with negligible effects of herb‐layer or coffee flower density but net positive effects of canopy trees on final fruit set. Overall effects of neighbors on coffee yield were weak, suggesting that coffee agroecosystems can be managed to maintain high plant density and diversity without sacrificing yield.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Treatment with FRAX486 rescues neurobehavioral and metabolic alterations in a female mouse model of CDKL5 deficiency disorder
Authors: Fuchs Claudia , Cosentino Livia , Urbinati Chiara , Talamo Maria Cristina , Medici Giorgio , Quattrini Maria Cristina , Mottolese Nicola , Pietraforte Donatella , Fuso Andrea , Ciani Elisabetta , De Filippis Bianca 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionCDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is a rare neurodevelopmental condition, primarily affecting girls for which no cure currently exists. Neuronal morphogenesis and plasticity impairments as well as metabolic dysfunctions occur in CDD patients. The present study explored the potential therapeutic value for CDD of FRAX486, a brain‐penetrant molecule that was reported to selectively inhibit group I p21‐activated kinases (PAKs), serine/threonine kinases critically involved in the regulation of neuronal morphology and glucose homeostasis.MethodsThe effects of treatment with FRAX486 on CDD‐related alterations were assessed in vitro (100 nM for 48 h) on primary hippocampal cultures from Cdkl5‐knockout male mice (Cdkl5‐KO) and in vivo (20 mg/Kg, s.c. for 5 days) on Cdkl5‐KO heterozygous females (Cdkl5‐Het).ResultsThe in vitro treatment with FRAX486 completely rescued the abnormal neuronal maturation and the number of PSD95‐positive puncta in Cdkl5‐KO mouse neurons. In vivo, FRAX486 normalized the general health status, the hyperactive profile and the fear learning defects of fully symptomatic Cdkl5‐Het mice. Systemically, FRAX486 treatment normalized the levels of reactive oxidizing species in the whole blood and the fasting‐induced hypoglycemia displayed by Cdkl5‐Het mice. In the hippocampus of Cdkl5‐Het mice, treatment with FRAX486 rescued spine maturation and PSD95 expression and restored the abnormal PAKs phosphorylation at sites which are critical for their activation (P‐PAK‐Ser144/141/139) or for the control cytoskeleton remodeling (P‐PAK1‐Thr212).ConclusionsPresent results provide evidence that PAKs may represent innovative therapeutic targets for CDD.
Using scenarios‐based interviews to predict changes in wild meat hunting and consumption in response to different alternatives projects
Authors: Brittain Stephanie , Kamogne Tagne Cedric Thibaut , Booker Francesca , Maddison Neil , Mfone Nteroupe Salihou , Mouamfon Mama , Ngomna Tsabong Soreya Djibrila , Roe Dilys , Wilson‐Holt Olivia , Milner‐Gulland EJ 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWild meat alternatives projects addressing unsustainable hunting by providing alternative foods to wild meat are commonplace across many parts of the Global South. However, understanding their possible conservation and social outcomes prior to implementation is vital, to ensure that they are well designed, that scarce funds are correctly directed, and that the intended outcomes of the project are achievable. We used scenario‐based interviews to explore the potential effects of six hypothetical wild meat alternatives projects in Cameroon on household rates of hunting and consumption over five years. We conducted 171 interviews across four rural villages around the Dja Faunal Reserve in Cameroon, and investigated how the alternative food offered, the addition of income‐generating opportunities, and the scale at which the project was implemented would affect people's willingness and ability to participate. Predicted household rates of hunting and consumption reduced the most under wild meat alternatives projects that offered both food and income‐generating activities. However, this depends on the project being offered at the household, rather than the community, level. Community‐level wild meat alternatives projects only resulted in marginal reductions in hunting and consumption compared to the current baseline and, as such, in this study area community‐level projects are unlikely to achieve their intended conservation goals. These results illustrate the importance of effective dialogue with communities to explore not only their preferences, but also the characteristics of preferred and successful wild meat alternatives projects, before the project design is finalized and implemented. Our findings provide an understanding of the characteristics of wild meat alternatives projects preferred by communities around the Dja Faunal Reserve, using a generalisable approach. We identify factors that may undermine the success of wild meat alternatives projects in rural areas, and provide guidance to conservation practitioners seeking to develop similar projects in future.
Connectivity modelling informs metapopulation structure and conservation priorities for a reef‐building species
Authors: David Carmen L. , Marzloff Martin P. , Knights Antony M. , Cugier Phillipe , Nunes Flávia L. D. , Cordier Celine , Firth Louise B. , Dubois Stanislas F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimIn coastal marine systems, biogenic reef‐building species have great importance for conservation as they provide habitat for a wide range of species, promoting biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and services. Biogenic reef persistence and recovery from perturbations depend on recolonization by new recruits. Characterizing larval dispersal among distant reefs is key to understanding how connectivity shapes metapopulation structure and determines network coherence; all of which are of critical importance for effective conservation.LocationNortheast Atlantic coast and western English Channel, France.MethodsWe used a biophysical transport model to simulate larval dispersal of the reef‐building polychaete Sabellaria alveolata. We combined dispersal modelling and network analysis into a framework aiming to identify key reef areas and critical dispersal pathways, whose presence in the network is vital to its overall coherence. We evaluated changes in dispersal pathways constrained by different connectivity thresholds, i.e., minimum dispersal rate for the presence of a connection. We tested scenarios of sequential loss of reefs: randomly, by habitat quality (a score for reef status and occupancy in an area) or by betweenness centrality metric (BC; quantifying the proportion of shortest paths connecting all areas that are passing through any given area).ResultsWe found that the network of S. alveolata reefs forms two main regional clusters, the Atlantic coast and the English Channel, which are connected only through weak sporadic dispersal events. Within each cluster, the network is characterized by relatively high connectivity among neighbouring areas with reefs, maintained even under higher connectivity thresholds. Simulating scenarios of sequential loss of reefs further identified high centrality reefs, those with highest BC values, key to network coherence.Main conclusionsEffective conservation of this important reef habitat requires a network of protected areas designed to sustain a combination of locally important source reefs, and those that act as stepping stones connecting distant reefs.
An integrated substance use treatment model for young adults with first‐episode psychosis: A naturalistic pilot evaluation
Authors: Herman Yarissa , Norouzian Nikoo , MacKenzie Lynn E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimApproximately 50% of individuals with first‐episode psychosis meet criteria for a substance use disorder and these concurrent disorders are associated with worse long‐term outcomes. Psychosocial interventions, including motivational interviewing as well as cognitive and behavioural therapies, have shown some evidence for effective treatment in substance use disorders; however, there is a paucity of existing studies that have successfully examined these interventions in first‐episode psychosis.MethodsParticipants (n = 64) received the concurrent disorders intervention, which included individual support alongside participation in at least one of two groups: a 4‐week Motivational Engagement group utilizing motivational interviewing (n = 59) and an 8‐week Relapse Prevention Training group emphasizing skill acquisition, which some participants entered directly (n = 5) and some participants entered following completion of the Motivational Engagement group (n = 16).ResultsParticipants who completed the Motivational Engagement group (n = 59) demonstrated significantly increased motivation to change substance use (d = −.0.58; t = −3.02, p < .01) and significantly decreased substance use frequency (d = 0.65; t = 3.26, p < .01). For participants who completed the Relapse Prevention Training group (n = 21), substance use frequency significantly decreased (d = 0.92; t = 3.46, p < .01) and self‐efficacy in one's ability to maintain substance use changes significantly increased (d = −0.85; t = −3.59, p < .01).ConclusionsThis pilot evaluation suggests that motivational interviewing and relapse prevention skills training are acceptable and feasible interventions in the treatment of substance use disorders in young adults with first‐episode psychosis.
Significant improvements in SEIzure interVAL (time between seizure clusters) across time in patients treated with diazepam nasal spray as intermittent rescue therapy for seizure clusters
Authors: Misra Sunita N. , Sperling Michael R. , Rao Vikram R. , Peters Jurriaan M. , Davis Charles , Carrazana Enrique , Rabinowicz Adrian L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveIntermittent rescue therapy may be used for seizure clusters, which are clinical emergencies that may persist ≥24 h and increase risk of status epilepticus, emergency room visits, and reduced quality of life for patients with epilepsy. Beyond effectiveness for aborting seizure clusters, no data exist on how intermittent rescue therapy may impact the long‐term natural course of seizure clusters. This novel analysis explores SEIzure interVAL (SEIVAL; time between seizure clusters) in patients from a long‐term safety study of diazepam nasal spray (Valtoco) to assess SEIVAL changes with intermittent rescue therapy across time.MethodsPatients were aged 6–65 years. Age‐ and weight‐based doses of diazepam nasal spray were administered during a 12‐month treatment period with an optional follow‐up period. SEIVAL was evaluated in patients receiving two or more doses of diazepam nasal spray using 90‐day periods.ResultsOf 163 treated patients, 151 had one or more SEIVALs. One hundred twenty had SEIVALs in Period 1 and one or more other periods. An increase in SEIVAL was noted from Period 1 compared with all subsequent periods (p ≤ .001). A consistent cohort (n = 76) had one or more SEIVALs in each of Periods 1–4 (360 days); mean SEIVALs increased significantly (p < .01) from 12.2 days (Period 1) to 25.7 days (Period 4). Similar SEIVAL patterns occurred when repeat doses within a seizure cluster were eliminated and irrespective of age group, treatment duration, and change to concomitant medications. In adults, Quality of Life in Epilepsy scores were maintained with increased SEIVALs.SignificanceAcross 12 months, increases in SEIVAL were demonstrated in patients using diazepam nasal spray for seizure cluster treatment in a phase 3 safety study. Increased time between seizure clusters may reflect a previously unrecognized beneficial effect of intermittent rescue therapy. These results generate a range of biological and behavioral hypotheses and warrant exploration of the impact of intermittent rescue therapy.