bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between clinical phenotype and electromyographic parameters in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Colombo Eleonora , Doretti Alberto , Scheveger Francesco , Maranzano Alessio , Pata Giulia , Gagliardi Delia , Meneri Megi , Messina Stefano , Verde Federico , Morelli Claudia , Corti Stefania , Maderna Luca , Silani Vincenzo , Ticozzi Nicola 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionEven if electromyography (EMG) is routinely used to confirm the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), few studies have analysed the correlation between electrophysiological parameters and clinical characteristics of ALS. We assessed if the quantification of active denervation (AD) and chronic denervation (CD) provides clinicians with information about phenotype, disease progression and survival in ALS patients.MethodsWe studied a cohort of 689 ALS patients recording the following parameters: age and site of onset, survival, MRC scale for muscle strength evaluation, burden of upper and lower motor signs as measured with specific scales (PUMNS and LMNS, respectively), ALSFRS-R, progression rate (ΔFS), MITOS and King’s Staging systems (KSS). We performed EMG on 11 muscles, and calculated semiquantitative AD and CD scores for each limb, as well as for the bulbar and spinal regions.ResultsWe found a positive correlation between AD and CD scores with LMNS (respectivelyp = 4.4 × 10–37andp = 2.8 × 10–45) and a negative correlation with MRC (respectivelyp = 4.5 × 10–35andp = 3.0 × 10–35). Furthermore, patients with higher spinal AD and CD scores had significantly lower ALSFRS-R scores, and higher KSS and MITOS stages. Conversely, only AD was associated to higher ΔFS (p = 1.0 × 10–6) and shorter survival (p = 1.1 × 10–5).ConclusionOur results confirmed that EMG examination represents not only a diagnostic instrument, but also a prognostic tool. In this context, AD seems to be a reliable predictor of disease’s progression and survival while CD better describes functional disability.
More Precise Runtime Analyses of Non-elitist Evolutionary Algorithms in Uncertain Environments
Authors: Lehre Per Kristian , Qin Xiaoyu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReal-world applications often involve “uncertain” objectives, i.e., where optimisation algorithms observe objective values as a random variables with positive variance. In the past decade, several rigorous analysis results for evolutionary algorithms (EAs) on discrete problems show that EAs can cope with low-level uncertainties, i.e. when the variance of the uncertain objective value is small, and sometimes even benefit from uncertainty. Previous work showed that a large population combined with a non-elitist selection mechanism is a promising approach to handle high levels of uncertainty. However, the population size and the mutation rate can dramatically impact the performance of non-elitist EAs, and the optimal choices of these parameters depend on the level of uncertainty in the objective function. The performance and the required parameter settings for non-elitist EAs in some common objective-uncertainty scenarios are still unknown. We analyse the runtime of non-elitist EAs on two classical benchmark problems OneMax and LeadingOnes in in the one-bit, the bitwise, the Gaussian, and the symmetric noise models, and the dynamic binary value problem (DynBV). Our analyses are more extensive and precise than previous analyses of non-elitist EAs. In several settings, we prove that the non-elitist EAs outperform the current state-of-the-art results. Furthermore, we provide more precise guidance on how to choose the mutation rate, the selective pressure, and the population size as a function of the level of uncertainty.
Ordovician tectonics of the South European Variscan Realm: new insights from Sardinia
Authors: Cocco Fabrizio , Loi Alfredo , Funedda Antonio , Casini Leonardo , Ghienne Jean-François , Pillola Gian Luigi , Vidal Muriel , Meloni Mattia Alessio , Oggiano Giacomo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough much is known about the Ordovician tectonics of the South European Variscides, aspects of their geodynamic evolution and palaeogeographic reconstruction remain uncertain. In Sardinia, Variscan tectonic units include significant vestiges of Ordovician evolution, such as a fold system that affected only the Cambrian–Lower Ordovician successions, and are cut by a regional angular unconformity. A comparison of the stratigraphy and tectonic structures of the successions below and above the Lower Ordovician unconformity and a reinterpretation of biostratigraphic data allow us to identify significant differences between the stacked tectonic units. The unconformity is sealed as follows: (i) in the Sulcis–Iglesiente Unit (Variscan External Zone, SW Sardinia) by Middle–Upper Ordovician continental and tidal deposits; and (ii) in the Sarrabus and Gerrei units (part of the Variscan Nappe Zone, SE Sardinia) by Middle–Upper Ordovician calc–alkaline volcanic rocks. Therefore, at the same time, one tectonic unit was situated close to a rifting setting and the others were involved in a convergent margin. Of note are the different durations associated with the unconformities in the tectonic units (17 Myr in the Sulcis–Iglesiente Unit, 6 Myr in the Sarrabus and Gerrei units) and the occurrence (or absence) of glacio-marine deposits indicating that the units were located at different palaeo-latitudes during the Ordovician. These results suggest that the SW and SE Sardinia blocks did not share the same geodynamic setting during the Ordovician, implying that they were situated in different palaeogeographic positions at this time and subsequently amalgamated during the Variscan Orogeny. Furthermore, stratigraphic and tectonic correlations with neighbouring areas, such as the eastern Pyrenees, imply alternative palaeogeographic reconstructions to those proposed previously for some peri-Mediterranean Variscan terranes.
On the applicability of Southwell’s method to the determination of the critical force of elastic columns of variable cross sections
Authors: Marcinowski Jakub , Sadowski Mirosław , Sakharov Volodymyr 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBrilliant in its simplicity, Southwell’s method of experimentally determining the critical force on the basis of the so-called Southwell diagram has been of interest to structural stability specialists since its presentation in 1932. In its original version, the correctness of the Southwell method was proved for compressed bars with a constant cross section and showing the loss of stability only within the elastic range while maintaining the constant value of Young's modulus. In numerous works on the method, proposals for its modification have emerged ensuring the extension of the scope of applications with problems other than the classic buckling of a compressed bar. There has also been an attempt to justify the correctness of Southwell’s method in the case of a bar with a variable cross section. This paper presents a strict solution of the differential equation of bar stability with a parabolic variable moment of inertia of the cross section and a parabolic form of initial geometric imperfections. The solution arrived at with the use of the Mathematica™ system was the basis for constructing the Southwell diagram and justifying the correctness of the method for this particular case of a bar. To confirm the correctness of Southwell’s method also the numerical approach exploiting FEM was adopted. Two different cases of column’s shape variabilities and different boundary conditions were considered.
Partial-order reduction for parity games and parameterised Boolean equation systems
Authors: Neele Thomas , Willemse Tim A. C. , Wesselink Wieger , Valmari Antti 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn model checking, reduction techniques can be helpful tools to fight the state-space explosion problem. Partial-order reduction (POR) is a well-known example, and many POR variants have been developed over the years. However, none of these can be used in the context of model checking stutter-sensitive temporal properties. We propose POR techniques for parity games, a well-established formalism for solving a variety of decision problems, including model checking. As a result, we obtain the first POR method that is sound for the full modal $$\upmu $$
μ
-calculus. We show how our technique can be applied to the fixed point logic called parameterised Boolean equation systems, which provides a high-level representation of parity games. Experiments with our implementation indicate that substantial reductions can be achieved.
The Effects of a Cyberbullying Intervention Programme Among Primary School Students
Authors: Lukács J. Ágnes , Takács Johanna , Soósné Kiss Zsuzsanna , Kapitány-Fövény Máté , Falus András , Feith Helga Judit 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
With the increase of cyberbullying, several intervention programmes have been created that aim at reducing cyber-victimisation and perpetration.

Objective
Our study presents the effects of the STAnD anti-cyberbullying programme with peer-education both on the short and the long run among lower and upper primary school students, with a focus on the participants’ cyberbullying roles.

Method
The sample comprised of 536 students who participated in the intervention programme, involving 36% lower and 64% upper primary school students. Participants were measured by a self-reported questionnaire before and right after the programme, then six months later.

Results
The main effect of the STAnD programme was a positive change in the participants’ willingness to engage in help-seeking and their active-defending reaction, although this effect decreased after six months. The changes were larger among lower primary school students compared to upper primary school participants.

Conclusion
Our results imply that long-lasting and intensive health promotion programmes are necessary to reach a long-term intervention effect. Anti-cyberbullying programmes should take into consideration participants’ involvement and roles in cyberbullying. As our study was a non-randomised uncontrolled study design, thus interpretation of the effectiveness of the programme is limited.
Personalised meta-path generation for heterogeneous graph neural networks
Authors: Zhong Zhiqiang , Li Cheng-Te , Pang Jun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecently, increasing attention has been paid to heterogeneous graph representation learning (HGRL), which aims to embed rich structural and semantic information in heterogeneous information networks (HINs) into low-dimensional node representations. To date, most HGRL models rely on hand-crafted meta-paths. However, the dependency on manually-defined meta-paths requires domain knowledge, which is difficult to obtain for complex HINs. More importantly, the pre-defined or generated meta-paths of all existing HGRL methods attached to each node type or node pair cannot be personalised to each individual node. To fully unleash the power of HGRL, we present a novel framework, Personalised Meta-path based Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks (PM-HGNN), to jointly generate meta-paths that are personalised for each individual node in a HIN and learn node representations for the target downstream task like node classification. Precisely, PM-HGNN treats the meta-path generation as a Markov Decision Process and utilises a policy network to adaptively generate a meta-path for each individual node and simultaneously learn effective node representations. The policy network is trained with deep reinforcement learning by exploiting the performance improvement on a downstream task. We further propose an extension, PM-HGNN++, to better encode relational structure and accelerate the training during the meta-path generation. Experimental results reveal that both PM-HGNN and PM-HGNN++ can significantly and consistently outperform 16 competing baselines and state-of-the-art methods in various settings of node classification. Qualitative analysis also shows that PM-HGNN++ can identify meaningful meta-paths overlooked by human knowledge.
Constructions of new matroids and designs over $${\mathbb {F}}_q$$
Authors: Byrne Eimear , Ceria Michela , Ionica Sorina , Jurrius Relinde , Saçıkara Elif 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA perfect matroid design (PMD) is a matroid whose flats of the same rank all have the same size. In this paper we introduce the q-analogue of a PMD and its properties. In order to do so, we first establish a new cryptomorphic definition for q-matroids. We show that q-Steiner systems are examples of q-PMD’s and we use this q-matroid structure to construct subspace designs from q-Steiner systems. We apply this construction to the only known q-Steiner system, which has parameters S(2, 3, 13; 2), and hence establish the existence of a new subspace design with parameters 2-(13, 4, 5115; 2).
The effect of random shocks on reciprocal behavior in dynamic principal-agent settings
Authors: Kerschbamer Rudolf , Oexl Regine 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrevious work has shown that unobservable random shocks on output have a detrimental effect on efficiency in short-term (‘static’) employment relationships. Given the prevalence of long-term (‘dynamic’) relationships in firms, we investigate whether the impact of shocks is similarly pronounced in gift-exchange relationships where the same principal-agent pair interacts repeatedly. In dynamic relationships, shocks have a significantly less pronounced negative effect on efficiency than in static relationships. In an attempt to identify the drivers for our results we find that the combination of a repeated-game effect (current misbehavior can be punished in future periods) and a noise-canceling effect (part of the noise cancels out in the long run) is required to avoid the detrimental effects of unobservable random shocks on efficiency.
Tiered prediction models for port vessel emissions inventories
Authors: Cammin Philip , Yu Jingjing , Voß Stefan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlbeit its importance, a large number of port authorities do not provide continuous or publicly available air emissions inventories (EIs) and thereby obscure the emissions contribution of ports. This is caused by, e.g., the economic effort generated by obtaining data. Therefore, the performance of abatement measures is not monitored and projected, which is specifically disadvantageous concerning top contributors such as container ships. To mitigate this issue, in this paper we propose port vessel EI prediction models by exploring the combination of different machine-learning algorithms, data from the one-off application of an activity-based bottom-up methodology and vessel-characteristics data. The results for this specific case show that prediction models enable acceptable trade-offs between the prediction performance and data requirements, promoting the creation of EIs.
Association between laser flare photometry and symptom duration in primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors: Menghesha Leonie , Schoeneberger Verena , Gerlach Stefanie , Lemke Julia , Krohne Tim U. , Feltgen Nicolas , Schaub Friederike 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate preoperative blood-ocular barrier disruption via laser flare photometry (LFP) in patients diagnosed with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), and to analyse possible associations with symptom duration and anatomical parameters.

Methods
We retrospectively analysed consecutive patients presenting with RRD at a single centre between January 2016 and March 2020. LFP was performed in both eyes after pupillary dilatation prior to RRD surgery. Symptom duration, extent of retinal detachment, and lens status were assessed. For statistical analysis, we carried out the unequal variances t test and Welch’s analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results
We included 373 eyes of 373 patients (mean age 63.96 years ± 10.29; female:male ratio 1:1.8). LFP values quantified in photon count per millisecond (pc/ms) increased with longer symptom duration when comparing patients with a symptom duration of 0–3 days (n = 158; 9.25 ± 6.21 pc/ms) and ≥ 4 days (n = 215; 11.97 ± 11.58 pc/ms; p = 0.004). LFP values also rose with the number of retinal quadrants affected by RRD (1 quadrant, 6.82 ± 4.08 pc/ms; 2 quadrants, 10.08 ± 7.28 pc/ms; 3 quadrants, 12.79 ± 7.9 pc/ms; 4 quadrants, 31.57 ± 21.27 pc/ms; p < 0.001), macula off status (macula on, 8.89 ± 6.75 pc/ms; macula off, 12.65 ± 11.66 pc/ms; p < 0.001), and pseudophakic lens status (pseudophakia, 12.86 ± 9.52 pc/ms; phakia: 9.31 ± 9.67 pc/ms; p < 0.001).

Conclusion
In RRD patients, blood-ocular barrier disruption quantified by LFP is associated with the duration of symptoms and the disease’s anatomical extent. These results warrant further investigation of the potential clinical use of LFP in RRD.
How Can We Cope with Self-Control Demands and Enhance Proactive Vitality Management? The Role of Leisure Crafting and Supervisor Recreational Sports Support
Authors: Ni Ying-Lien , Kuo Che-Chun , Wu Chia-Huei , Chang Wen Hsin , Chen Lung Hung 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStudies have reported negative effects of self-control demands on the service-oriented physical and mental well-being of employees. Based on the stressor-detachment model and conservation of resources theory, the present study examined how and when the interplay between leisure crafting and perceived supervisor recreational sports support can lead self-control demands employees to exhibit proactive vitality management. A total of 212 employees completed surveys at three time points over six months. The results indicated that leisure crafting mediated the relationship between employees’ self-control demands and proactive vitality management. Perceived supervisor recreational sports support was shown to strengthen the relationship between leisure crafting and proactive vitality management. Furthermore, we demonstrated a moderated mediation model in which self-control demands, under employees’ perceived supervisor recreational sports support, did not motivate employees to engage in additional leisure crafting; rather, these demands enhanced employees’ leisure resources, which in turn promoted their proactive vitality management.
Principles of presupposition in development
Authors: Aravind Athulya , Fox Danny , Hackl Martin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper brings a developmental perspective to the discussion of a longstanding issue surrounding the proper characterization of presuppositions. On an influential view (Stalnaker in Synthese 22(1–2):272–289, 1970; Stalnaker, in Milton, Unger (eds) Semantics and philosophy, New York University Press, New York, 1974; Karttunen in Theor Linguist 1:181–194, 1974), formal presuppositions reflect admittance conditions: an utterance of a sentence which presupposes p is admitted by a conversational context c only if p is common ground in c. The theory distinguishes two modes of satisfying this formal requirement: (i) presuppositions may have common ground status prior to utterance, or (ii) they may achieve common ground status post hoc, via accommodation, an adjustment of the common ground by cooperative listeners so as to meet the requirements of an uttered sentence. While intuitive and general, the theory has been criticized (among other things) on methodological grounds (see e.g. Gazdar in Pragmatics: implicature, presupposition and logical form, Academic Press, New York, 1979): the availability of accommodation makes it difficult to empirically examine the notion of presupposition as admittance conditions because a central tenet—pragmatic infelicity results whenever c does not entail p—may be masked due to the pragmatic sophistication of language users. In this paper, we argue that child language presents an opportunity to avoid this intrinsic difficulty. In a series of behavioral experiments, we show that young children generate a default expectation that the presuppositions of an asserted sentence have common ground status prior to utterance. Furthermore and more tellingly, we also find that even when accommodation is the preferred option for adults, children fail to accommodate presuppositions in an adult-like manner. This pattern of behavior, we argue, is expected under the admittance theory: in a population where the interference from accommodation is reduced, the impact of failing to satisfy the formal admittance conditions becomes directly observable.
Structures of the (Imidazole)nH+ ... Ar (n=1,2,3) complexes determined from IR spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations
Authors: Tikhonov Denis S. , Scutelnic Valeriu , Sharapa Dmitry I. , Krotova Alina A. , Dmitrieva Alena V. , Obenchain Daniel A. , Schnell Melanie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHere, we present new cryogenic infrared spectra of the (Imidazole)$$_{n}\mathrm{H}^{+}$$

n

H

+

(n=1,2,3) ions. The data was obtained using helium tagging infrared predissociation spectroscopy. The new results were compared with the data obtained by Gerardi et al. (Chem. Phys. Lett. 501:172–178, 2011) using the same technique but with argon as a tag. Comparison of the two experiments, assisted by theoretical calculations, allowed us to evaluate the preferable attachment positions of argon to the (Imidazole)$$_{n}\mathrm{H}^{+}$$

n

H

+

frame. Argon attaches to nitrogen-bonded hydrogen in the case of the (Imidazole)H$$^+$$

+

ion, while in (Imidazole)$$_{2}\mathrm{H}^{+}$$

2

H

+

and (Imidazole)$$_{3}\mathrm{H}^{+}$$

3

H

+

the preferred docking sites for the argon are in the center of the complex. This conclusion is supported by analyzing the spectral features attributed to the N–H stretching vibrations. Symmetry adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) analysis of the non-covalent forces between argon and the (Imidazole)$$_{n}\mathrm{H}^{+}$$

n

H

+

(n=1,2,3) frame revealed that this switch of docking preference with increasing complex size is caused by an interplay between induction and dispersion interactions.
No free theory choice from machine learning
Authors: Rushing Bruce 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRavit Dotan argues that a No Free Lunch theorem (NFL) from machine learning shows epistemic values are insufficient for deciding the truth of scientific hypotheses. She argues that NFL shows that the best case accuracy of scientific hypotheses is no more than chance. Since accuracy underpins every epistemic value, non-epistemic values are needed to assess the truth of scientific hypotheses. However, NFL cannot be coherently applied to the problem of theory choice. The NFL theorem Dotan’s argument relies upon is a member of a family of theorems in search, optimization, and machine learning. They all claim to show that if no assumptions are made about a search or optimization problem or learning situation, then the best case performance of an algorithm is that of random search or random guessing. A closer inspection shows that these theorems all rely upon assigning uniform probabilities over problems or learning situations, which is just the Principle of Indifference. A counterexample can be crafted that shows that NFL cannot be coherently applied across different descriptions of the same learning situation. To avoid this counterexample, Dotan needs to privilege some description of the learning situation faced by scientists. However, this means that NFL cannot be applied since an important assumption about the problem is being made. So Dotan faces a dilemma: either NFL leads to incoherent best-case partial beliefs or it is inapplicable to the problem of theory choice. This negative result has implications for the larger debate over theory choice.