bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ginsenoside Rg3 Alleviates Cisplatin Resistance of Gastric Cancer Cells Through Inhibiting SOX2 and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Axis by Up-Regulating miR-429
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , He Rui , Geng Li , Yuan Jing , Fan Huijie 
Published: March 2022

Platinum-based cytotoxic chemotherapy is considered the standard treatment for advanced gastric cancer (GC). However, cisplatin chemoresistance often occurs with the mechanisms being not well clarified, which results in the cancer recurrence and poor survival. Ginsenoside Rg3, isolated from the Chinese Herb Panax Ginseng, is recognized as an anti-cancer agent. Herein, we aimed to reveal whether Ginsenoside Rg3 alleviates cisplatin resistance and sensitizes GC cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis, and draw out the underlying molecular mechanism in cisplatin-resistant GC cells. The lower expression of miR-429 was found in AGSR-CDDP cells; it was also in association with cisplatin-resistance in GC cells and expression of which was restored following Ginsenoside Rg3 treatment. We also demonstrated that miR-429 made a contribution toward chemosensitivity in GC cells partly through SOX2 regulation. SOX2 was found to contribute to developing platinum resistance and was an authentic target for miR-429 in AGSR-CDDP cells. Importantly, enforced expression of SOX2 with a pcDNA3-SOX2 construct lacking the 3′-UTR miRNA binding site diminished the cytotoxic effects of miR-429 in AGSR-CDDP cells. We demonstrated that Ginsenoside Rg3 enhanced chemosensitivity in AGSR-CDDP GC cells, at least in part, through up-regulating miR-429, thereby targeting SOX2 and modulating downstream PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Ginsenoside Rg3 was also found to regulate apoptosis-related genes via miR-429 in cisplatin-resistant GC cells. Ginsenoside Rg3 treatment significantly suppressed the migration rate of AGSR-CDDP GC cells, while following transfection with anti-miR-429, the anti-migratory effects of Ginsenoside Rg3 was partially abolished. This data suggested that Ginsenoside Rg3 may impede the chemoresistance and migration of GC cells mainly mediated through miR-429. We concluded that miR-429-regulated SOX2 expression was one of the main mechanisms by which Ginsenoside Rg3 dramatically promoted its anticancer effects on cisplatin-resistant GC cells. We also underscored a supporting model in which miR-429 adjusted PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling by regulating SOX2 in cisplatin-resistant GC cells.
Long Non-Coding RNAs H19 and HOTAIR Implicated in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Wang Zhun , Zhang Jingwei , Zheng Wei , He Yongjin 
Published: March 2022

Objective: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the major cause of low back pain. We aimed to identify the key genes for IDD pathogenesis.Methods: An integrated analysis of microarray datasets of IDD archived in public Gene Expression Omnibus was performed. Bioinformatics analyses including identification of differentially expressed mRNAs/microRNAs/long non-coding RNAs (DEMs/DEMis/DELs), pathway enrichment, and competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network construction were performed to give insights into the potential functions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs, including DEMs, DEMis, and DELs). The diagnostic value of DEMis in distinguishing IDD from normal controls was evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results: DEGs were identified in IDD, including H19 and HOTAIR. In the DEMis–DEMs network of IDD, miR-1291, miR-4270, and miR-320b had high connectivity with targeted DEMs. Cell death biological processes and the JAK–STAT pathway were significantly enriched from targeted DEMs. The area under the curve (AUC) of 10 DEMs including miR-1273e, miR-623, miR-518b, and miR-1291 in ROC analysis was more than 0.8, which indicated that those 10 DEMs had diagnostic value in distinguishing IDD from normal individuals.Conclusions: DELs H19 and HOTAIR were related to IDD pathogenesis. Cell death biological processes and the JAK–STAT pathway might play key roles in IDD development.
Population Structure, Genetic Diversity and Differentiation of Triplophysa tenuis in Xinjiang Tarim River
Authors: Huo Bin , Liu Xuan , Chen Shengao , Liu Jieya , Zhou Qiong , Shen Jianzhong , Li Dapeng , Tang Rong , Chen Jing , Zhou Xiaoyun 
Published: March 2022

Triplophysa tenuis is an important indigenous fish in the Xinjiang Tarim River. In this study, we collected 120 T. tenuis individuals from 8 T. tenuis populations in the Tarim River. Through genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), a total of 582,678,756 clean reads were generated for all the genotypes, and after quality filtering, 595,379 SNPs were obtained for the population genetic analyses. Multiple genetic parameters showed that the 8 T. tenuis populations had high genetic diversity. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that all T. tenuis individuals were divided into five branches, the individuals from the north of Tarim River were grouped into cluster 1 (SF and WS) and cluster 3 (DWQ, TKX, and KZE), while the AETS, WLWT and LF individuals from the south of Tarim River were clustered into cluster 2. The result was consistent with the admixture analysis, which supported that the 8 T. tenuis populations were clustered into three subgroups. Furthermore, the pairwise FST values and genetic distance indicated that there was a large genetic differentiation between WS and other T. tenuis populations. Collectively, this study provides valuable genome-wide data for the conservation of natural T. tenuis populations in the Tarim River.
Combination Image Analysis of Tongue Color and Sublingual Vein Improves the Diagnostic Accuracy of Oketsu (Blood Stasis) in Kampo Medicine
Authors: Morita Akira , Murakami Aya , Noguchi Keigo , Watanabe Yuki , Nakaguchi Toshiya , Ochi Sadayuki , Okudaira Kazuho , Hirasaki Yoshiro , Namiki Takao 
Published: March 2022

AimIn tongue diagnosis, a dark purple tongue and enlarged sublingual vein are important findings of Oketsu (blood stasis). However, the association between the tongue color and the sublingual vein has not been reported. This study investigated the association between the tongue color values and the sublingual vein width using tongue image analyzing system (TIAS) for the objective assessment of blood stasis.MethodsA total of 38 patients (age 68.7 ± 11.3 years, 14 men and 24 women) who visited the Department of Kampo Medicine at Chiba University Hospital were included. Physical findings, blood test results, blood stasis score from medical records, and tongue images obtained with TIAS were analyzed. The patients were classified into two groups: patients with a sublingual vein width of ≤2.5 mm (20 patients) and those with a width of &gt;2.5 mm (18 patients). The physical findings and the blood test results of the two groups were analyzed by Wilcoxon's rank-sum test or χ2-test, whereas logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between the tongue color values and sublingual vein width. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to differentiate blood stasis.ResultsThe color values significantly related to the sublingual vein width (mm) were the P1-L* and P4-L* (darkness of the tongue edge and tongue apex) and the P1-b* and P2-b* (blueness of the tongue edge and tongue posterior). The area under the curve was greater for the combination of the tongue color values and the sublingual vein width than that for either of them.ConclusionThis study demonstrated an objective evaluation of blood stasis in the tongue of patients with dark-blue discoloration and an enlarged sublingual vein. In addition, the combination of the tongue color and the sublingual vein is expected to facilitate a more reliable diagnosis of blood stasis.
Development of a Core Outcome Set in the Clinical Trials of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Stroke: A Study Protocol
Authors: Zhang Ting , Li Xuechao , Zhao Liang , Zhang Jiaoyan , Tian Jinhui , Zhang Junhua 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionStroke, an acute cerebrovascular disease, is mainly caused by the sudden rupture or occlusion of blood vessels, and is subdivided into ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. It has become the second leading cause of death worldwide. In Chinese clinical practice, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)/Integrative Medicine has been widely used for the treatment of stroke. Numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TCM/Integrative Medicine for stroke have been conducted to improve the efficacy and safety outcomes. However, their conclusions should be treated with caution because of the methodological quality defects in the clinical research. Pervasive inconsistencies are present in the outcomes collected and reported across these studies, which may lead to the pooling of discrepant data and preclude meta-analysis. The issue could be addressed by developing a core outcome set (COS).AimThe aim of this study is to develop a COS in the clinical trials of TCM/Integrative Medicine in the treatment of stroke.Method and AnalysisA steering group will be set up to organize and guide the development of the COS. The study contains three phases: (I) development of an initial outcome list covering all relevant outcomes, via two steps: (i) systematic reviews of outcomes for clinical trials of TCM/ Integrative Medicine for stroke; (ii) semi-structured interviews with patients suffering from stroke; (II) conduction of three round of Delphi surveys with different stakeholder groups to prioritize important outcomes; (III) integration of outcomes into a core outcome set by a consensus meeting.Ethics and DisseminationThis study has been granted by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TJUTCM-EC20210003). When the COS is completed, we will publish it in an appropriate journal to promote further widespread use.RegistrationThis study has been registered at the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials initiative, COMET database (Registration #1678).
Ultrasound-Guided Transvaginal Aspiration and Sclerotherapy for Uterine Cystic Adenomyosis: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zhao Xinxin , Yang Ye 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundUterine cystic adenomyosis is a very rare type of adenomyosis which can be easily misdiagnosed in clinical practice. In the past, cases have been mostly treated with surgical resection of the uterine lesion.Case PresentationWe report the case of a 25-year-old woman who presented with severe dysmenorrhea for more than 1 year. Physical examination showed that the uterus was enlarged. The transvaginal ultrasound showed a cystic mass of about 5.0 × 3.6 × 3.6 cm in the posterior myometrium, with dense echo spots and no blood flow signal in the cystic part. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated hemorrhages within the cystic mass, suggesting the possibility of uterine cystic adenomyosis. The lower abdominal pain and severe dysmenorrhea were not alleviated after a 6-month trial of oral contraceptives. Subsequently, she underwent ultrasound-guided transvaginal aspiration and sclerotherapy for uterine cystic adenomyosis. Approximately 90 mL of chocolate-colored fluid was aspirated from the mass and 20 mL of lauromacrogol was injected in the cyst. The reduction rates of the mass 3 and 12 months after the procedure were 92.01 and 99.10%, respectively. Her dysmenorrhea completely resolved. One and half year after the operation, she had a successful pregnancy and gave birth to a healthy baby through vagina.ConclusionThe rare entity of uterine cystic adenomyosis can be treated safely and effectively by ultrasound-guided transvaginal aspiration and sclerotherapy.
Epidemic Trends in High Tuberculosis Burden Countries During the Last Three Decades and Feasibility of Achieving the Global Targets at the Country Level
Authors: Ding Cheng , Hu Ming , Shangguan Yanwan , Guo Wanru , Wang Shuting , Feng Xuewen , Zhang Zunjing , Zhang Ying , Xu Kaijin 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo estimate the epidemic trends of tuberculosis (TB) in 30 high burden countries (HBCs) over the past 30 years, which is crucial for tracking the status of disease control, especially at the country level.MethodsAnnual data on incidence and mortality of TB in these 30 HBCs were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease database. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was used to evaluate the trends of incidence and mortality. The trajectory analysis was used to identify different trends among the subgroup countries. The predicted incidence and mortality rates in 2025, 2030, and 2035 were also calculated.ResultsThe incidence and mortality decreased in most of the HBCs. The AAPCs of incidence ranged between −4.0 (Indonesia) and −0.2% (DR Congo) (all p &lt; 0.05). The incidence trends in Lesotho (AAPC: 0%, 95% CI: −0.4, 0.3, p = 0.8) and South Africa (AAPC: −0.2%, 95% CI: −0.5, 0, p = 0.1) were stable, and increased in Kenya with AAPC of 0.1% (95% CI: 0.1, 0.2, p &lt; 0.05). The AAPCs for mortality ranged between −5.8 (Ethiopia) and −0.6% (Central African Republic) (all p &lt; 0.05). The mortality trends in DPR Korea (AAPC: 0.1%, 95% CI: −0.3, 0.4, p = 0.6) and Russian Federation (AAPC: −0.5%, 95% CI: −1.9, 0.9, p = 0.5) were stable, and increased in Lesotho and Zimbabwe with AAPC of 1.3% (95% CI: 1.1, 1.4, p &lt; 0.05) and 1.6% (95% CI: 1.0, 2.2, p &lt; 0.05), respectively. Trajectory analysis showed that the Central African Republic, Lesotho, Cambodia, Namibia, and South Africa had higher incidences, and the Central African Republic had higher mortality. Brazil and China had relatively lower rates of incidence and mortality. Predictions showed that reduction rates of incidence and mortality could hardly be reached compared with those set for the global targets for the majority HBCs.ConclusionsThe disease burden of TB has been reduced among the majority HBCs over the last three decades. According to the current control levels, achieving the ambitious global targets at the country level for these 30 HBCs is challenging.
Tracheal Extubation Under Deep Anesthesia Using Transnasal Humidified Rapid Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange vs. Awake Extubation: An Open-Labeled Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Qiu Jin , Xie Mian , Chen Jie , Chen Bing , Chen Yuanjing , Zhu Xiwen , Lin Hui , Zhu Tao , Duan Guangyou , Huang He 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundTracheal extubation can be associated with several complications, including desaturation, agitation, hypertension, and tachycardia. We hypothesize that the use of transnasal humidified rapid insufflation ventilator exchange (THRIVE) immediately after extubation under deep anesthesia reduces the incidence of these adverse events.MethodsOne hundred patients who underwent elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to undergo tracheal extubation under deep anesthesia employing THRIVE (THRIVE group) or awake extubation (CONTROL group). The primary outcome was the incidence of experiencing desaturation (SpO2 &lt; 90%) at any time during emergence from anesthesia. Secondary outcomes included variations in heart rate and blood pressure, comfort level, bucking, and agitation.ResultsThe THRIVE group showed a lower incidence of desaturation than the CONTROL group (12 vs. 54%, OR = 0.22 [95% CI, 0.10–0.49], P &lt; 0.001). Less patients in the THRIVE group experienced a 20% (or more) increase in mean arterial pressure (4 vs. 26%, OR = 0.15 [95% CI, 0.04–0.65], P = 0.002). THRIVE patients did not suffer from agitation or bucking, while in the CONTROL group agitation and bucking occurred in 22 and 58% of the patients, respectively. Additionally, the THRIVE group showed a lower incidence of uncomfortable experience than the CONTROL group (8 vs. 36%, OR = 0.22 [95% CI, 0.08–0.61], P = 0.001).ConclusionTracheal extubation under deep anesthesia using THRIVE decreases the incidence of desaturation and adverse haemodynamic events and increases patient satisfaction. Extubation under deep anesthesia using THRIVE might be an alternative strategy in selected patient populations.
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Urinary Bladder: An 11-Year Retrospective Study From a Single Center
Authors: Chen Can , Huang Mengjun , He Haiqing , Wu Shuiqing , Liu Mingke , He Jun , Zang Hongjing , Xu Ran 
Published: March 2022

PurposeTo share our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the urinary bladder (IMTUB).Materials and MethodsA database searches in the pathology archives by using the term “inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor” and” bladder” in our hospital department of pathology from 2010 to 2021. Patient characteristics, clinical features, histopathological results, immunohistochemical staining results, and treatment outcomes were reviewed.ResultsFourteen cases of IMTUB were retrieved. The mean age was 44.7 ± 18.9 years (range 12–74). Nine (64.3%) of the patients presented with hematuria, followed by seven (50%) with odynuria, five (35.7%) with urgent urination, and one (7.1%) with dysuria. Ten (71.4%) of the patients were treated with partial cystectomy (PC), three (21.4%) with transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), and one (7.1%) with radical cystectomy (RC). Histopathologically, eight (57.1%) had a compact spindle cell pattern. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) staining was positive in six (75%) of 8 cases. During a mean follow-up period of 43.9 ± 38 months (range 3–117), a patient had recurrence within half a month. Then, the patient was treated with further TURBT surgery and had no recurrence within 6 months. Thirteen of the patients had no local recurrence or distant metastasis.ConclusionInflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the urinary bladder (IMTUB) is clinically rare and has a good prognosis. The disease is mainly treated with surgery to remove the tumor completely. It can easily be misdiagnosed as bladder urothelial carcinoma, leiomyosarcoma, or rhabdomyosarcoma, which may result in overtreatment and poor quality of life of patients.
The Power of Microbiome Studies: Some Considerations on Which Alpha and Beta Metrics to Use and How to Report Results
Authors: Kers Jannigje Gerdien , Saccenti Edoardo 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundSince sequencing techniques have become less expensive, larger sample sizes are applicable for microbiota studies. The aim of this study is to show how, and to what extent, different diversity metrics and different compositions of the microbiota influence the needed sample size to observe dissimilar groups. Empirical 16S rRNA amplicon sequence data obtained from animal experiments, observational human data, and simulated data were used to perform retrospective power calculations. A wide variation of alpha diversity and beta diversity metrics were used to compare the different microbiota datasets and the effect on the sample size.ResultsOur data showed that beta diversity metrics are the most sensitive to observe differences as compared with alpha diversity metrics. The structure of the data influenced which alpha metrics are the most sensitive. Regarding beta diversity, the Bray–Curtis metric is in general the most sensitive to observe differences between groups, resulting in lower sample size and potential publication bias.ConclusionWe recommend performing power calculations and to use multiple diversity metrics as an outcome measure. To improve microbiota studies, awareness needs to be raised on the sensitivity and bias for microbiota research outcomes created by the used metrics rather than biological differences. We have seen that different alpha and beta diversity metrics lead to different study power: because of this, one could be naturally tempted to try all possible metrics until one or more are found that give a statistically significant test result, i.e., p-value &lt; α. This way of proceeding is one of the many forms of the so-called p-value hacking. To this end, in our opinion, the only way to protect ourselves from (the temptation of) p-hacking would be to publish a statistical plan before experiments are initiated, describing the outcomes of interest and the corresponding statistical analyses to be performed.
Dietary Patterns in the Argentinian Population and Their Association With Sociodemographic Characteristics: Results From the ELANS Study (2014–2015)
Authors: Mendez Ignacio , Fasano Maria Victoria , Guajardo Viviana , Zonis Luciana , Kovalskys Irina 
Published: March 2022

AimTo describe dietary patterns in the Argentinian population and their association with sociodemographic characteristics.MethodsCross-sectional analysis of Argentina's food consumption and sociodemographic data of 1,266 men and women between 15 and 65 years from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health carried out between March 2014 and December 2015. Dietary patterns were identified by using factor analysis and median factor scores were calculated for gender, age, region, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic, education, and physical activity categories.ResultsFive dietary patterns were identified. Western, Local Western, and Rural were generally characterized by high consumptions of animal fats, sugar-sweetened beverages, meats or processed meats, pizza and empanadas, sweets, pastries, and low consumption of fruits and vegetables. Traditional pattern was mainly characterized by consumption of oils, starchy vegetables, and red meat and Sweet Prudent by milk and yogurt, vegetables, fruit, artificially sweetened beverages, sweets, and cookies. Higher adherence to the Sweet Prudent pattern was observed in women, in people who meet physical activity guidelines and higher socioeconomic and educational levels. Higher adherence to traditional pattern was only observed for men. Higher adherence to the rest of the patterns was observed mostly by men, young, leaner, lower socioeconomic, and educational levels, not meeting physical activity guidelines, from the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires or northern regions.ConclusionFood consumption in Argentina is expressed in a diversity of dietary patterns. Men, younger, and sedentary individuals, with lower socioeconomic and educational level, from the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires and northern regions, seem to have higher adherence to least healthy dietary patterns.
Anesthesia With Propofol Sedation Reduces Locoregional Recurrence in Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving Total Mastectomy Compared With Non-Propofol Anesthesia
Authors: Zhang Jiaqiang , Chang Chia-Lun , Lu Chang-Yun , Chen Ho-Min , Wu Szu-Yuan 
Published: March 2022

PurposeWe examined locoregional recurrence (LRR) in patients with breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) receiving total mastectomy (TM) under propofol-based paravertebral block-regional anesthesia (PB-RA) versus sevoflurane-based inhalational general anesthesia (INHA-GA) without propofol. All-cause death and distant metastasis were secondary endpoints.Patients and MethodsPatients with breast IDC receiving TM were recruited through propensity score matching and categorized into INHA-GA with sevoflurane and PB-RA with propofol groups. Cox regression analysis was performed to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsIn the multivariate Cox regression analysis, the adjusted HR (aHR; 95% CI) of LRR for the PB-RA with propofol group was 0.52 (0.28–0.96) compared with the INHA-GA with sevoflurane group. The aHRs of LRR for differentiation grade II, grade III, the American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical stage II, stage III, pathological tumor (pT) stage 2, pT stage 3–4, pathological nodal (pN) stage 1, and pN stage 2–3 were 1.16 (1.04–2.08), 1.28 (1.07–2.12), 3.71 (1.82–7.59), 4.67 (1.65–13.18), 1.09 (1.02–1.21), 1.17 (1.03–2.16), 1.10 (1.03–1.33), and 1.22 (1.06–2.41), respectively, compared with differentiation grade I, clinical stage I, pT1, and pN0. The aHR of LRR for adjuvant RT was 0.88 (0.64–0.94) compared with that for no adjuvant RT.ConclusionPB-RA with propofol might be beneficial for reducing LRR in women with breast IDC receiving TM compared with INHA-GA without propofol.