bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal analysis of health care costs in patients with childhood onset inherited retinal dystrophies compared to healthy controls
Authors: Kessel Line , Kjellberg Jakob , Ibsen Rikke , Rasmussen Annette , Nissen Kamilla Rothe , la Cour Morten 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
We evaluated health care costs in patients with childhood onset visual impairment caused by inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD).

Methods
The IRD cohort, identified from the Danish Registry of Blind and Partially Sighted Children, was compared to age- and sex-matched controls from the national, Danish population registry. Information on health care expenditures for somatic and psychiatric in- and outpatient services, purchase of prescription medications and paid assistance at home were obtained from national registries for the years 2002–2017.

Results
We included 412 in the IRD cohort (6,290 person years) and 1656 (25,088 person years) in the control cohort. Average, annual health care expenditures from age 0–48 years of age were €1,488 (SD 4,711) in the IRD cohort and €1,030 (4,639) in the control cohort. The largest difference was for out-patient eye care (13.26 times greater, 95% confidence interval 12.90–13.64). Psychiatric in-patient expenditures were 1.71 times greater (95% CI 1.66–1.76) in the IRD cohort but psychiatric out-patient health care costs were comparable between groups.

Conclusions
Health care costs were approximately 40% greater in the IRD cohort compared to an age- and sex-matched sample from the general Danish population. This is relevant in the current situation with a number of trials aimed at treating IRDs using genetically based therapies. Although eye care expenditures were many times greater, they made up < 10% of the total health care expenditures even in the IRD cohort. The reduced costs related to injuries in the visually impaired cohort was a surprising finding but may reflect a reduced propensity to seek medical care rather than a reduced risk of injuries.
A cohort study of intrapartum group B streptococcus prophylaxis on atopic dermatitis in 2-year-old children
Authors: Hong Zhang , Jing Ren , Hui Li , Kang Xu , Chunmei Zhang , Yang Wang , Baojian Zhou , Xin Ding , Xiaoping Yin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective
To understand the occurrence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children aged 2 years on exposure to maternal group B streptococcus (GBS) antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP).

Design
Retrospective cohort study of 2909 mother–child pairs.

Setting
Taixing People’s Hospital in Eastern China.

Participants
Term infants born 2018–2019, followed longitudinally from birth to 2 years.

Exposures
The GBS-IAP was defined as therapy with intravenous penicillin G or ampicillin or cefazolin ≥ 4 h prior to delivery to the mother. Reference infants were defined as born without or with other intrapartum antibiotic exposure.

Outcomes
The logistic regression models were employed to analyze the effect of intrapartum GBS prophylaxis on AD in 2-year-old children during delivery. Analysis was a priori stratified according to the mode of delivery and adjusted for relevant covariates.

Results
The cohorts showed that preventive GBS-IAP was potentially associated with increased incidence of AD in children delivered vaginally according to logistic regression models before and after covariate-adjusted treatment (OR: 6.719,95% CI: 4.730–9.544,P < 0.001;aOR: 6.562,95% CI: 4.302–10.008, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Prophylactic treatment of intrapartum GBS may raise the risk of AD in vaginally delivered children. These findings highlight the need to better understand the risk between childhood AD and current GBS-IAP intervention strategies.
School-based peer education interventions to improve health: a global systematic review of effectiveness
Authors: Dodd Steven , Widnall Emily , Russell Abigail Emma , Curtin Esther Louise , Simmonds Ruth , Limmer Mark , Kidger Judi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Peer education, whereby peers (‘peer educators’) teach their other peers (‘peer learners’) about aspects of health is an approach growing in popularity across school contexts, possibly due to adolescents preferring to seek help for health-related concerns from their peers rather than adults or professionals. Peer education interventions cover a wide range of health areas but their overall effectiveness remains unclear. This review aims to summarise the effectiveness of existing peer-led health interventions implemented in schools worldwide.

Methods
Five electronic databases were searched for eligible studies in October 2020. To be included, studies must have evaluated a school-based peer education intervention designed to address the health of students aged 11–18-years-old and include quantitative outcome data to examine effectiveness. The number of interventions were summarised and the impact on improved health knowledge and reductions in health problems or risk-taking behaviours were investigated for each health area separately, the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess quality.

Results
A total of 2125 studies were identified after the initial search and 73 articles were included in the review. The majority of papers evaluated interventions focused on sex education/HIV prevention (n = 23), promoting healthy lifestyles (n = 17) and alcohol, smoking and substance use (n = 16). Papers mainly reported peer learner outcomes (67/73, 91.8%), with only six papers (8.2%) focussing solely on peer educator outcomes and five papers (6.8%) examining both peer learner and peer educator outcomes. Of the 67 papers reporting peer learner outcomes, 35/67 (52.2%) showed evidence of effectiveness, 8/67 (11.9%) showed mixed findings and 24/67 (35.8%) found limited or no evidence of effectiveness. Of the 11 papers reporting peer educator outcomes, 4/11 (36.4%) showed evidence of effectiveness, 2/11 (18.2%) showed mixed findings and 5/11 (45.5%) showed limited or no evidence of effectiveness. Study quality varied greatly with many studies rated as poor quality, mainly due to unrepresentative samples and incomplete data.

Discussion
School-based peer education interventions are implemented worldwide and span a wide range of health areas. A number of interventions appear to demonstrate evidence for effectiveness, suggesting peer education may be a promising strategy for health improvement in schools. Improvement in health-related knowledge was most common with less evidence for positive health behaviour change. In order to quantitatively synthesise the evidence and make more confident conclusions, there is a need for more robust, high-quality evaluations of peer-led interventions using standardised health knowledge and behaviour measures.
Behavioural determinants of malaria risk, prevention, and care-seeking behaviours among forest-goers in Cambodia
Authors: Phok Sochea , Tesfazghi Kemi , Tompsett Andy , Thavrine Boukheng , Ly Po , Hassan Saad El-Din , Avrakotos Avery , Malster Jim , Felker-Kantor Erica 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Cambodia has made significant progress towards achieving malaria elimination by 2025. Cases continue to decrease and are primarily concentrated in forested areas. Forest-goers are most at risk of malaria due to their proximity to the forest, poor sleeping conditions, frequent mobility, and distance from health services. Consistent use of long-lasting insecticidal nets or hammock nets (LLINs/LLIHNs), early diagnosis and treatment of cases are central to reducing disease burden. The aim of this study was to understand forest-goers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to malaria prevention and care-seeking, and to identify key behavioural determinants of LLIN/LLIHN use and prompt care-seeking within 24 h of developing a fever.

Methods
A mixed-methods study design consisting of a cross-sectional survey and qualitative in-depth interviews was implemented in two Cambodian provinces. Survey participants (N = 654) were recruited using respondent driven sampling. Interview participants (N = 28) were selected using purposive sampling. Findings from the survey were analysed using univariate and bivariate analysis and multivariate weighted logistic regression. Interviews were coded and analysed using thematic content analysis.

Results
All study participants had heard of malaria and 98% knew that malaria was transmitted by mosquitoes. LLIN/LLIHN ownership was high (94%). Although 99% of participants perceived LLIN/LLIHN use as an important malaria prevention measure, only 76% reported using one during their last visit to the forest. Only 39% of survey participants who reported seeking care did so within the recommended 24 h from fever onset during their last febrile illness. Among all study participants, 43% did not seek any healthcare during their last febrile episode. In controlled regression models, perceived community social norms were significantly associated with LLIN/LLIHN use (OR: 2.7, 96% CI 1.99–2.64) and care-seeking within 24 h of fever onset (OR: 1.7, 95% CI 1.00–2.88). Social support from other forest-goers was also significantly associated with LLIN/LLIHN use (OR: 4.9, 95% CI 1.32–18.12).

Conclusions
Study findings are consistent with other studies on LLIN/LLIHN use and care-seeking behaviours. While rates of LLIN/LLIHN ownership were high among the study population, rates of use were not as high. More concerning were the delayed care-seeking behaviours. Social behaviour change activities should incorporate social norms and social support as mechanisms for behaviour change given the identified positive correlations with LLIN/LLIHN use and prompt care-seeking.
Can shelter dog observers score behavioural expressions consistently over time?
Authors: Stubsjøen Solveig Marie , Moe Randi Oppermann , Johannessen Cicilie , Larsen Maiken , Madsen Henriette , Muri Karianne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA substantial number of dogs live in animal shelters worldwide. Stressors within the shelter environment can compromise their welfare, and scientific evaluations of feasible welfare assessment methods are therefore needed. Qualitative Behaviour Assessment (QBA) is a “whole-animal” approach used to assess welfare by observing animals’ expressive behaviour. To investigate whether observers can score dogs’ behavioural expressions consistently over time, this study replicated and extended previous research, by evaluating intra- and inter-observer reliability of QBA based on video recordings of shelter dogs. In Part I, nine veterinary nurse students received theoretical and practical training, and then scored 12 2 min video recordings of shelter dogs using a fixed list of behavioural descriptors. Three of the students undertook further practice and calibration using direct observations of dog behaviour in a local shelter. In Part II, the videos from Part I were scored by these three observers a second time, 15 months later. QBA data were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA), and reliability was assessed using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (W). In Part I, the inter-observer reliability was high for both components (0.78 for PC1 and 0.85 for PC2). In Part II, the inter-observer reliability was very high and moderate for PC1 and PC2, respectively (0.90 for PC1 and 0.65 for PC2). The intra-observer reliability was high for both components (W ≥ 0.86). Our results indicate that the fixed list of behavioural descriptors for shelter dogs can be used reliably when assessing videos, and that observers can score dogs’ behavioural expressions consistently after a break of 15 months following the initial assessment. Nevertheless, the reduction in inter-observer-reliability of PC2 in Part II can indicate that some retraining and calibration may be required to avoid observer drift.
Effects of vildagliptin on wound healing and markers of inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetic foot ulcer: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center study
Authors: Vangaveti Venkat N. , Jhamb Shaurya , Hayes Oliver , Goodall Julie , Bulbrook Jacqueline , Robertson Kelvin , Biros Erik , Sangla Kunwarjit S. , Malabu Usman H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionDiabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are one of the leading long-term complications experienced by patients with diabetes. Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4is) are a class of antihyperglycemic medications prescribed to patients with diabetes to manage glycaemic control. DPP4is may also have a beneficial effect on DFU healing. This study aimed to determine vildagliptin's effect on inflammatory markers and wound healing.Trial designProspective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center study.MethodsEqual number of participants were randomized into the treatment and placebo groups. The treatment was for 12 weeks, during which the participants had regular visits to the podiatrist, who monitored their DFU sizes using 3D camera, and blood samples were taken at baseline, six weeks, and 12 weeks during the study for measurement of inflammatory markers. In addition, demographic characteristics, co-morbidities, DFU risk factors, and DFU wound parameters were recorded.Results50 participants were recruited for the study, with 25 assigned to placebo and 25 to treatment group. Vildagliptin treatment resulted in a statistically significant reduction of HBA1c (p < 0.02) and hematocrit (p < 0.04), total cholesterol (p < 0.02), LDL cholesterol (p < 0.04), and total/HDL cholesterol ratio (P < 0.03) compared to the placebo group. Also, vildagliptin had a protective effect on DFU wound healing, evidenced by the odds ratio (OR) favoring the intervention of 11.2 (95% CI 1.1–113.5; p < 0.04) and the average treatment effect on the treated (ATET) for vildagliptin treatment group showed increased healing by 35% (95%CI; 10–60, p = 0.01) compared to placebo with the model adjusted for microvascular complications, smoking, amputation, dyslipidemia, peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and duration of diabetes.ConclusionsVildagliptin treatment was effective in healing DFU in addition to controlling the diabetes. Our findings support the use of DPP4is as a preferred option for treating ulcers in patients with diabetes. Further studies on a larger population are warranted to confirm our findings and understand how DPP4is could affect inflammation and DFU healing.
Chemoinformatics and artificial intelligence colloquium: progress and challenges in developing bioactive compounds
Authors: Bajorath Jürgen , Chávez-Hernández Ana L. , Duran-Frigola Miquel , Fernández-de Gortari Eli , Gasteiger Johann , López-López Edgar , Maggiora Gerald M. , Medina-Franco José L. , Méndez-Lucio Oscar , Mestres Jordi , Miranda-Quintana Ramón Alain , Oprea Tudor I. , Plisson Fabien , Prieto-Martínez Fernando D. , Rodríguez-Pérez Raquel , Rondón-Villarreal Paola , Saldívar-Gonzalez Fernanda I. , Sánchez-Cruz Norberto , Valli Marilia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe report the main conclusions of the first Chemoinformatics and Artificial Intelligence Colloquium, Mexico City, June 15–17, 2022. Fifteen lectures were presented during a virtual public event with speakers from industry, academia, and non-for-profit organizations. Twelve hundred and ninety students and academics from more than 60 countries. During the meeting, applications, challenges, and opportunities in drug discovery, de novo drug design, ADME-Tox (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) property predictions, organic chemistry, peptides, and antibiotic resistance were discussed. The program along with the recordings of all sessions are freely available at https://www.difacquim.com/english/events/2022-colloquium/.
Chicken telomerase reverse transcriptase promotes the tumorigenicity of avian leukosis virus subgroup J by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Xiang Yong , Liang Canxin , Li Qingbo , Chen Qinxi , Zhou Yang , Zheng Xiaoxue , Zhou Di , Wang Zepeng , Wang Guyao , Cao Weisheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis research aimed to analyze the regulatory effect of chicken telomerase reverse transcriptase (chTERT) on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and its effect on the tumorigenicity of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) through in vivo experiments. The chTERT eukaryotic expression plasmid and its recombinant lentivirus particles were constructed for in vivo transfection of chTERT to analyze the effect of chTERT continuously overexpressed in chickens on the tumorigenicity of ALV-J. During 156 days of the artificial ALV-J tumor-inducing process, 7 solid tumors developed in 3 chickens in the chTERT-overexpression group (n = 26*2) and no tumors developed in the control group (n = 26*2). Another 18 tumors induced by ALV-J were confirmed and collected from breeding poultry farms. And we confirmed that chTERT was significantly highly expressed in ALV-J tumors. The ELISA data suggested that the protein levels of β-catenin and c-Myc in the chicken plasma of the chTERT-overexpressing group with ALV-J infected were consistently and significantly higher than those of the control group. Compared with that of the tumor-adjacent tissues, the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and expression of the c-Myc was significantly increased in ALV-J tumors. And the percentage of apoptosis in ALV-J tumors significantly lower than that in tumor-adjacent tissues. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot and RT-qPCR suggested that the replication level of ALV-J in tumors was significantly higher than that in tumor-adjacent tissues. This study suggests that chTERT plays a critical role in the tumorigenicity of ALV-J by enhancing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which will contribute to further elucidating the tumor-inducing mechanism of ALV-J.
Compensation of overall physical activity in (pre)adolescent girls – the CReActivity project
Authors: Beck Franziska , Dettweiler Ulrich , Sturm David Joseph , Demetriou Yolanda , Reimers Anne Kerstin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
According to the ActivityStat hypothesis more physical activity (PA) in one timespan is compensated by increased sedentary time (ST) in the following timespan and vice versa to maintain an overall stable PA level. Until now, existing literature revealed inconsistent results regarding compensatory behaviour across children and adolescents. Thus, the aim of the present study is (1) to investigate whether ST in the morning is compensated by active behaviour in the afternoon and (2) whether ST during the week is compensated by active behaviour during the weekend in (pre)adolescent girls. Additionally, we aimed to differentiate between positive and negative compensatory behaviour and examine whether it is moderated by socioeconomic status (SES), age or weight status.

Methods
The participants were 370 sixth grade school girls (mean age 11.6 years) from Munich that participated in the CReActivity study, a school based intervention study aiming to identify the mechanisms of behavioural changes in PA among girls. ST and PA were measured over seven consecutive days using accelerometery. Descriptive determination of compensatory behaviour, as well as Bayesian multivariate multilevel analysis were conducted with data clustered on the individual (ID), class and school level.

Results
Descriptive analysis revealed rather constant compensatory behaviour of about 60% for after-school days and weekends over all observation points. However, regarding all girls, compensation was predominantly negative. Differentiated analysis indicated that all girls with low ST levels in the morning or on weekdays, compensated for this behaviour with lower PA levels in the afternoon or on weekends. Multilevel covariate analysis indicated great variability between the participants. Furthermore, differences in compensatory behaviour can also be seen on class and school levels. Interestingly, PA compensatory behaviour is not associated with age, weight status or SES.

Conclusion
Our findings could neither confirm nor reject the ActivityStat Hypothesis. Overall, due to the great variability across the girls, it seems that compensation depends on individual factors. In the future, to prevent negative compensation, school-based interventions that have the potential to provide opportunities to be physically active, should not neglect (pre)adolescents’ leisure time behaviour.

Trial Registration
DRKS00015723 (date of registration: 2018/10/22 retrospectively registered).
The impact of rainfall variability and crop production on vertisols in the central highlands of Ethiopia
Authors: Bedane Hailu Regassa , Beketie Kassahun Ture , Fantahun Eyasu Elias , Feyisa Gudina Legese , Anose Fikre Abiko 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Understanding the yearly, seasonal, monthly, and weekly rainfall variability is crucial for improved agricultural practice in Ethiopia, where agriculture depends on rainfall. In particular, knowledge of rainfall onset, withdrawal, amount, distribution, and the length of the crop growing period would protect farmers from crop damage due to climatic anomalies. This study collected and described 39 years of rainfall data using the Markov chain model. Based on the rainfall probability levels at different threshold values, the length of the dry and wet spells and the length of the growing period were determined.

Results
The study shows dependable rainfall at a 75% probability level commences in June. The chance of receiving greater than 10 mm at a 50% probability level starts in week 10 (5 March–11 March), with much discontinuity up to week 21st (21 May–27 May). The dependable weekly rainfall begins the week of 22 May (28th May–3rd June) with a probability of greater than 20 mm. The study revealed that the short rainy season rainfall (February to May) is unreliable for growing crops at Ghinchi as opposed to other highland areas of Ethiopia. The major crop growing season is therefore confined to periods of the long rainy season (weeks 22nd to 39th, or 28th May–30th September). The water balance for the study area indicates that the moisture availability index is greater than 0.5, and potential evapotranspiration is lower than precipitation during these months.

Conclusions
Climate change and rainfall variability is creating a problem with crop production constraints in the rain-fed agricultural production system in the highlands of Ethiopia. Physical properties of the soil coupled with the unfavorable soil-rainfall relationship limit increased crop production on vertisols. Improving the drainage system and capturing rainfall variability in agronomic-relevant terms is essential. Improving the physical limitations of the soil, adapting to rainfall variability, and practicing improved agronomic practices may help farmers overcome the production problem. This study provides critical information on rainfall variability concerning vertisol management and crop production. However, to overcome the problem, technological support is needed from researchers and policymakers.