bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palliative care of older glioblastoma patients in neurosurgery
Authors: Berthold Daniel , Carrasco Anna Pedrosa , Uhl Eberhard , Müller Heidi , Dumitrascu Rio , Sibelius Ulf , Hauch Holger 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The care of older neurosurgical patients at the end life is a particularly demanding challenge. Especially, the specific needs of very old patients with glioblastoma at the end of life are at risk of being deprived of adequate care.

Methods
Based on a narrative literature review, this article aims to explore key issues of the thematic intersection of geriatric glioblastoma patients, palliative care and neurosurgery.

Results and discussion
Four key issues were identified: patient-centeredness (need orientation and decision making), early palliative care, advance care planning, and multi-professionalism. Possible benefits and barriers are highlighted with regard to integrating these concepts into neurosurgery.

Conclusions
Palliative care complements neurosurgical care of geriatric glioblastoma multiforme patients to optimise care for this highly vulnerable category of patients.
Enhancing plant N uptake with biochar-based fertilizers: limitation of sorption and prospects
Authors: Rasse Daniel P. , Weldon Simon , Joner Erik J. , Joseph Stephen , Kammann Claudia I. , Liu Xiaoyu , O’Toole Adam , Pan Genxing , Kocatürk-Schumacher N. Pelin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Biochar-based fertilizer products (BCF) have been reported to increase both crop yield and N-use efficiency. Such positive effects are often assumed to result from the slow-release of N adsorbed on BCF structures. However, a careful review of the literature suggests that actual mechanisms remain uncertain, which hampers the development of efficient BCF products.

Scope
Here, we aim at reviewing BCF mechanisms responsible for enhanced N uptake by plants, and evaluate the potential for further improvement. We review the capacity of biochar structures to adsorb and release N forms, the biochar properties supporting this effect, and the methods that have been proposed to enhance this effect.

Conclusions
Current biochar products show insufficient sorption capacity for the retention of N forms to support the production of slow-release BCFs of high enough N concentration. Substantial slow-release effects appear to require conventional coating technology. Sorption capacity can be improved through activation and additives, but currently not to the extent needed for concentrated BCFs. Positive effects of commercial BCFs containing small amount of biochar appear to result from pyrolysis-derived biostimulants. Our review highlights three prospects for improving N retention: 1) sorption of NH3 gas on specifically activated biochar, 2) synergies between biochar and clay porosities, which might provide economical sorption enhancement, and 3) physical loading of solid N forms within biochar. Beyond proof of concept, quantitative nutrient studies are needed to ascertain that potential future BCFs deliver expected effects on both slow-release and N use efficiency.
Radiomics-based prediction of two-year clinical outcome in locally advanced cervical cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Autorino Rosa , Gui Benedetta , Panza Giulia , Boldrini Luca , Cusumano Davide , Russo Luca , Nardangeli Alessia , Persiani Salvatore , Campitelli Maura , Ferrandina Gabriella , Macchia Gabriella , Valentini Vincenzo , Gambacorta Maria Antonietta , Manfredi Riccardo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study is to determine if radiomics features extracted from staging magnetic resonance (MR) images could predict 2-year long-term clinical outcome in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT).

Materials and methods
We retrospectively enrolled patients with LACC diagnosis who underwent NACRT followed by radical surgery in two different institutions.
Radiomics features were extracted from pre-treatment 1.5 T T2w MR images.
The predictive performance of each feature was quantified in terms of Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test. Among the significant features, Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) was calculated to quantify the correlation among the different predictors. A logistic regression model was calculated considering the two most significant features at the univariate analysis showing the lowest PCC value.
The predictive performance of the model created was quantified out using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results
A total of 175 patients were retrospectively enrolled (142 for the training cohort and 33 for the validation one).
1896 radiomic feature were extracted, 91 of which showed significance (p < 0.05) at the univariate analysis. The radiomic model showing the highest predictive value combined the features calculated starting from the gray level co-occurrence-based features. This model achieved an AUC of 0.73 in the training set and 0.91 in the validation set.

Conclusions
The proposed radiomic model showed promising performances in predicting 2-year overall survival before NACRT. Nevertheless, the observed results should be tested in larger studies with consistent external validation cohorts, to confirm their potential clinical use.
Estimation of Cadmium in Muscles of Five Freshwater Fish Species from Manzalah Lake, and Possible Human Risk Assessment of Fish Consumption (Egypt)
Authors: Abdel-Kader Heba H. , Mourad Mohamed H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Egyptian government devised a plan in 2016 to improve the unique ecological significance of northern lakes, which mentioned Manzalah Lake in the Egypt Vision 2030. In this regard, this study investigated cadmium (Cd) content in five freshwater fish species collected from Manzalah Lake in Egypt at 2018 by local fishermen. According to the findings, Clarias gariepinus recorded the highest concentration of Cd (1.40 ± 0.2 μg/g) and the lowest concentration was recorded in O. aureus (1.19 ± 0.2 μg/g). Cadmium contents of all species were largely above the permissible level of the Food Agricultural Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) and Commission Regulation (EC). The estimated daily intake (EDI), the estimated weekly intake (EWI), and the percentages of provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI %) values for Cd in the C. gariepinus > Sarotherodon galilaeus > Tilapia zillii > Oreochromis niloticus > Oreochromis aureus which consumed by children, teenagers, and adults were much higher than the PTWI values established by FAO/WHO. In addition, C. gariepinus consumed by children showed the highest value of the target hazard quotient (THQ) (5.83 a day or 40.81 a week) while O. aureus that ingested by adults showed the lowest level (1.06 a day or 7.42a week). The target carcinogenic risk (TCR) of C. gariepinus in children had the greatest level (2.21 × 10−3 a day or 1.55 × 10−2 a week), whereas O. aureus in adults had the lowest level of TCR (4 × 10−4 a day or 2.81 × 10−3 a week). THQs values of Cd in the five studied species were found higher than one. Moreover, TCRs values of Cd in the five species were exceeded the US Environmental Protection Agency guideline USEPA permissible limits suggesting that a daily or weekly consumption of these species could lead to a high risk non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic for humans.
Evaluation and selection of green suppliers for papermaking enterprises using the interval basic probability assignment-based intuitionistic fuzzy set
Authors: Kang Xin , Xu Xiangjun , Yang Zaoli 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith the vigorous development of the global economy, modern enterprises have agreed to implement green supply chain management. The evaluation and selection of green suppliers plays a vital role in successful green supply chain management. As a multi-attribute group decision-making green supplier selection problem, it is difficult to fully describe the evaluation factors using precise numerical values and classical fuzzy sets, so it cannot assist enterprise managers in making completely reasonable decisions. Therefore, this paper proposes a green supplier evaluation and selection method based on interval BPA-based intuitionistic fuzzy sets. First, build a green supplier evaluation index system based on the characteristics of the papermaking enterprise's suppliers. Then, the intuitionistic fuzzy number is used to express the indicators of the evaluator for each supplier, and the intuitionistic fuzzy information is integrated through the organic combination of the IIFWA integration operator and the structural entropy weight to obtain the comprehensive evaluation value of the evaluator. Finally, the interval BPA-based intuitionistic fuzzy set method ranks the candidate suppliers and determines the best green supplier. Applying this method to the field of green supplier evaluation and selection can provide an effective method for enterprises to select suppliers scientifically and reasonably, which has practical reference value and practical significance.
Using postal change-of-address data to predict second waves in infections near pandemic epicentres
Authors: Schulman Adam , Bhanot Gyan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We propose that postal Change-of-Address (CoA) data can be used to monitor/predict likely second wave caseloads in viral infections around urban epicentres. To illustrate the idea, we focus on the tri-state area consisting of New York City (NYC) and surrounding counties in New York, New Jersey and Connecticut States. NYC was an early epicentre of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, with a first peak in daily cases in early April 2020, followed by the second peak in May/June 2020. Using CoA data from the US Postal Service (USPS), we show that, despite a quarantine mandate, there was a large net movement of households from NYC to surrounding counties in the period April–June 2020. This net outward migration of households was strongly correlated with both the timing and the number of cases in the second peaks in Covid-19 cases in the surrounding counties. The timing of the second peak was also correlated with the distance of the county from NYC, suggesting that this was a directed flow and not random diffusion. Our analysis shows that CoA data is a useful method in tracking the spread of an infectious pandemic agent from urban epicentres.
Locating the Dark Triad in a Multidimensional Personality Space
Authors: Naor-Ziv Revital , Glicksohn Joseph , Aluja Anton 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Dark Triad traits of Psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and Narcissism should be clearly recognizable within a multidimensional personality space. Two such personality spaces were investigated in this study: HEXACO (Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience); and the Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire (ZKA-PQ) space (Extraversion, Neuroticism, Activity, Sensation Seeking, and Aggressiveness). Our sample comprised 289 participants (137 males, 145 females, 7 unspecified) who completed these three questionnaires: HEXACO–60, ZKA-PQ/SF, and the SD3, assessing the Dark Triad. We reduced the dimensionality of each space to that of a 2D representation using Smallest Space Analysis (SSA). Three research questions guided the data analysis: (a) Do the HEXACO and ZKA-PQ SSA spaces conform to the structure of a radex? (b) Will these spaces remain invariant following the entry of the Dark Triad traits into the analyses? (c) Where will the Dark Triad traits be located in each SSA space? For ZKA-PQ space, the structure was clearly indicative of a radex, both prior to entering the Dark Triad traits into the analysis, and subsequent to this. Psychopathy and Machiavellianism were in close proximity in the Aggressiveness region; Narcissism was positioned at the common origin. In contrast, HEXACO space did not conform to a radex; furthermore, the presence of the Dark Triad traits distorts this 2D SSA space.
Importance of Hematite Self‐Reversal in Al‐Rich Soils Magnetostratigraphy: Revisiting the Damei Red Soil Sequence in the Bose Basin, Southern China
Authors: Liu Caicai , Qin Huafeng , Ferré Eric C. , Wang Wei , He Kuang , Deng Chenglong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the acquisition of chemical remagnetization that commonly takes place in sedimentary red beds is crucial not only to assess the stability of primary chemical remanent magnetization (CRM) but also to evaluate the impact of diagenesis on the paleomagnetic record. The inconsistency between the magnetostratigraphy and the 0.803 Ma age of tektites within the upper vermiculated unit of a red soil sequence (Damei) in southern China strongly suggests pervasive remagnetization. This remagnetization has previously been interpreted as a CRM lock‐in. However, our recent study suggests that the upper soil units of this section above the tektite‐bearing layer have experienced milder weathering than the underlying layer. It seems that CRM lock‐in has not completely overprinted the primary remanence of this section. To investigate the exact remagnetization mechanism, the magnetostratigraphy of the Damei sequence was revisited and the oriented samples were subjected to progressive thermal demagnetization up to 680°C (instead of 585°C in our previous study) by using a newly designed oven with ultralow magnetic field noise. The new demagnetization results for vermiculated and red clay samples document a high‐temperature (HT) remanence component above 630°C with some above 525°C, and a self‐reversal medium temperature (MT) component between 300 and 585°C. The magnetic polarities of most HT components are consistent with the tektite age. The self‐reversal MT component is carried by Al‐substituted hematite transformed from Al‐substituted maghemite. Self‐reversal likely occurred during the maghemite to hematite transformation process. Additional attention should be paid when using magnetostratigraphy to date highly weathered aluminum‐rich red sediments.
High‐Precision Vertical Movement and Three‐Dimensional Deformation Pattern of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wu Yanqiang , Zheng Zhijiang , Nie Jianliang , Chang Liu , Su Guangli , Yin Haiquan , Liang Hongbao , Pang Yajin , Chen Changyun , Jiang Zaisen , Bo Wanju 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau is characterized by high elevation and complex fault systems. High‐precision vertical movement data can provide important constraints for understanding the growth and expansion of the Tibetan Plateau. We collected approximately 116,000 km of leveling data, 21 continuous GNSS data sets, and their connecting surveying data; we jointly processed these data using a Helmert joint adjustment method to acquire the high‐precision vertical velocity field of the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas. The primary results are as follows: (a) Vertical uplift is dominant on the southern, northeastern, and southeastern margins of the plateau, with uplift rate ranges of 2.0–3.0, 1.0–3.8, and 1.0–2.0 mm/yr, respectively; (b) Conspicuous subsidence is located along the southern portion of the Ganzi fault, with vertical rates ranging from −3.3 to −0.5 mm/yr; (c) Velocity profiles show that vertical deformation varies in different parts of the Tibetan Plateau, which is mostly accommodated by large strike‐slip and thrust faults, such as the Kunlun, Ganzi, and Longmenshan faults. Most of the surface uplift is accommodated by crustal shortening in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau; abrupt changes in vertical rates in eastern Tibet and the widely distributed surface subsidence of southeastern Tibet are consequences of crustal flow and gravitational collapse. Overall, the Tibetan Plateau is characterized by continuous deformation, with large spatial variations accommodated by complicated tectonic processes.
Structure of the Western Jaz Murian Forearc Basin, Southeast Iran, Revealed by Autocorrelation and Polarization Analysis of Teleseismic P and S Waves
Authors: Lan Haiqiang , Chen Ling , Chevrot Sebastien , Talebian Morteza , Wang Xu , Gao Yifan , Zhang Jianyong , Wu Zimu , Shokati Mehdi , Jiang Mingming , Ai Yinshuang , Hou Guangbing , Mao Mulin , Phạm Thanh‐Son , Xiao Wenjiao , Zhu Rixiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Jaz Murian Basin in Southeast Iran is a forearc basin that sits on top of the western Makran subduction zone. A recent seismic deployment inside the western Jaz Murian Basin documents extremely strong reverberations between the free surface and the top of the basement. These strong multiples, which hamper studies of deeper structures, carry precious information on the structure of the basin. Here we combine three independent measurements, including teleseismic P/S‐wave coda autocorrelations, P‐wave polarization analysis and receiver functions, to image the architecture of the western Jaz Murian Basin. The S‐wave velocity structure beneath each station is constrained by teleseismic P‐wave polarization analysis and a simple grid search method. In addition, both P‐ and S‐wave reflections are extracted to measure the Poisson's ratio and the thickness of sediments, in addition to P‐ and/or S‐wave velocities. We find that the sedimentary cover has an average thickness of ∼3 km with very low S‐wave velocities around 1.2 km/s. The estimated Vp/Vs ratios are relatively high between 2.23 and 2.52, suggesting that the western Jaz Murian Basin contains unconsolidated recently deposited sediments.
Perturbation of Boundary Conditions to Create Appropriate Ensembles for Regional Data Assimilation in Coastal Estuary Modeling
Authors: Matsuzaki Yoshitaka , Inoue Tetsunori 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRegional data assimilation is conducted for a coastal estuary using the ensemble Kalman filter, real observation data from Ise Bay, Japan, and a simulation model called the Ise Bay Simulator. The applicability and robustness of the method are then examined. We also analyze the relationship between the boundary conditions, which add perturbations and the data assimilation results of water temperature and salinity. A method of creating an ensemble by perturbing three boundary conditions (atmospheric forcing, lateral boundary conditions [open boundary conditions], and river discharge forcing) is then proposed. In situ water temperature and salinity profiles observed at fixed points are assimilated daily. The proposed assimilation method provides stable data assimilation without unnatural values for water temperature and salinity throughout the year. Further, applying a perturbation to the three boundary conditions does not lead to filter divergence, thus indicating good applicability and robustness, that is, applying a perturbation to the three boundary conditions does not degenerate the ensemble spread. According to a sensitivity experiment, perturbing the atmospheric boundary conditions of both air temperature and wind speed increases the ensemble spread of water temperature, especially near the surface layer. Wind speed has the greatest influence on the magnitude of the salinity ensemble spread, and its dominance depends on location. Perturbation of lateral boundary conditions increases the ensemble spread of water temperature and salinity at all water depths near the bay mouth, and the observations are effectively assimilated. Perturbation of river discharge forcing successfully assimilates water temperature and salinity near the estuary.
Development of Foreland Intracratonic Plateaus (Ozark Plateau and Appalachian Plateaus): A Consequence of Topographic Inversion Due To Erosion of Adjacent Fold‐Thrust Belts
Authors: Anders Alison M. , Lai Jingtao , Marshak Stephen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnlike well‐known plateaus associated with Cenozoic orogens, the Appalachian and Ozark Plateaus of the eastern United States fringe the foreland side of a long inactive and deeply eroded orogen. These foreland intracratonic plateaus (FIPs), which are underlain by sub‐horizontal cratonic‐platform strata and, in places, foreland‐basin strata, now lie 0.5–1.2 km above sea level, notably higher than adjacent fold‐thrust belts. An escarpment lies at or near the boundary between the FIPs and the fold‐thrust belts. Why did the topographic inversion leading to the development of the FIPs take place? To address this question, we built a numerical model, using Landlab, to simulate how topography evolves as foreland lithosphere flexes upward when post‐tectonic erosion causes unloading. In this model, flat‐lying cap‐rock strata (sandstone and limestone) of the foreland have greater resistance to erosion than do the deformed, tilted, cleaved, and fractured strata of the fold‐thrust belt, especially where the fold‐thrust belt contains argillaceous facies. We tested the model by characterizing the development of the Ozark Plateau in the foreland of the Ouachita fold‐thrust belt. Results demonstrate that regional isostatic uplift due to erosion, given reasonable differences in resistance to erosion between the fold‐thrust belt and the foreland, can generate the observed topographic inversion and a distinct escarpment, yielding a plateau. This model may help explain the post‐Paleozoic evolution of the Catskill Mountains, the Deep Valleys Province, and the Cumberland Plateau, highlands which border the Appalachian fold‐thrust belt.
Topographically Scattered Infrasound Waves Observed on Microbarometer Arrays in the Lower Stratosphere
Authors: Bird E. J. , Lees J. M. , Kero J. , Bowman D. C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhen an acoustic wave strikes a topographic feature, some of its energy is scattered. Sensors on the ground cannot capture these scattered signals when they propagate at high angles. We report observations of upwardly‐scattered acoustic waves prior to refraction back to the ground, intercepting them with a set of balloon‐borne infrasound microbarometers in the lower stratosphere over northern Sweden. We show that these scattered waves generate a coda whose presence can be related to topography beneath balloons and low‐altitude acoustic ducts. The inclination of the coda signals changes systematically with time, as expected from waves arriving from scatterers successively closer to receivers. The codas are present when a temperature inversion channels infrasound from a set of ground chemical explosions along the ground, but are absent following the inversion's dissipation. Since scattering partitions energy away from the main arrival, these observations imply a mechanism of amplitude loss that had previously been inaccessible to measurement. As such, these data and results allow for a better comprehension of interactions between atmospheric infrasound propagation and the solid earth.
Ethnic markers and the emergence of group-specific norms: an experiment
Authors: Ozaita Juan , Baronchelli Andrea , Sánchez Angel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVisible markers are an important factor in social interactions. Some researchers have argued that one of their roles is to promote cooperation, but models designed to address this issue have yielded contradictory results. Here we present an experimental study of the effect of visible markers on the emergence of social norms where human subjects play a binary coordination game. Our results do not show different, marker-dependent behaviors. Instead, in practically all sessions participants achieved a global equilibrium disregarding the markers. Our findings suggest that simple markers may have a limited role in promoting the emergence of group-dependent social norms and call for further research investigating the role of markers in more sophisticated social settings.