bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal trends of hepatitis C virus transmission in internally displaced people who inject drugs in Odessa, Ukraine
Authors: Yakovleva Anna , Kovalenko Ganna , Redlinger Matthew , Smyrnov Pavlo , Tymets Olga , Korobchuk Ania , Kotlyk Lyudmyla , Kolodyazeva Ganna , Podolina Ganna , Chernyavskaya Svetlana , Strathdee Steffanie A. , Friedman Samuel R , Goodfellow Ian , Wertheim Joel O. , Bortz Eric , Meredith Luke , Vasylyeva Tetyana I 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDue to practical challenges associated with genetic sequencing in low resource environments, the burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in forcibly displaced people is understudied. We examined the use of field-applicable HCV sequencing methods and phylogenetic analysis to determine HCV transmission dynamics in internally displaced people who inject drugs (IDPWID) due to war in eastern Ukraine.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we used modified respondent-driven sampling to recruit IDPWID who have settled in Odessa, Ukraine. We generated partial and near full length genome (NFLG) HCV sequences using Oxford Nanopore MinION in a simulated field environment. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods were used to establish phylodynamic relationships.FindingsBetween June and September 2020, we collected epidemiological data and whole blood samples from 164 IDPWID. Rapid testing identified an HIV, anti-HCV, and HIV/HCV co-infection prevalence of 39%, 67.7%, and 31.1%, respectively. We generated 57 partial or NFLG HCV sequences and identified eight transmission clusters, of which at least two originated within a year and a half post-migration. Unstable housing post-migration was associated with more reports of injection drug use in the past 30 days (p=0.048).InterpretationLocal generation of viral sequencing data and phylogenetic analysis in rapidly changing low-resource environments, such as those faced by forcibly displaced people, can inform timely adaptation of prevention and treatment.FundingOxford University John Fell Fund, ISS Wellcome Trust, Branco Weiss Fellowship.
Human red blood cells express the RNA sensor TLR7 and bind viral RNA
Authors: Lam LK Metthew , Clements Rebecca L. , Eckart Kaitlyn A. , Weisman Ariel R. , Vaughan Andy E. , Yehya Nadir , Meyer Nuala J. , Jurado Kellie A. , Mangalmurti Nilam S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRed blood cells (RBCs) express the nucleic acid-sensing toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and bind CpG-containing DNA. However, whether human RBCs express other nucleic acid-sensing TLRs and bind RNA is unknown. Here we show that human RBCs express the RNA sensor, TLR7. TLR7 is present on the red cell membrane and associates with the RBC membrane protein Band 3. RBCs bind synthetic single-stranded RNA and RNA from pathogenic single-stranded RNA viruses. RNA acquisition by RBCs is attenuated by recombinant TLR7 and inhibitory oligonucleotides. Thus, RBCs may represent a previously unrecognized reservoir for RNA, although how RNA-binding by RBCs modulates the immune response has yet to be elucidated. These findings add to the growing list of non-gas exchanging RBC immune functions.SignificanceRed blood cells interact with pathogens, cytokines, and CpG-containing DNA; however, their immune functions remain largely unexplored. Here, we report that RBCs can bind synthetic or viral RNA and express TLR7. TLR7 interacts with the RBC membrane protein Band 3 and this interaction is increased during acute infection with SARS-CoV-2. Our study suggests that RBCs may have immune functions mediated by viral RNA, and RNA-carrying RBCs can potentially be a reservoir for RNA-based diagnostics.
AwMelWolbachiavariant inAedes aegyptifrom field-collectedDrosophila melanogasterwith increased phenotypic stability under heat stress
Authors: Gu Xinyue , Ross Perran A. , Rodriguez-Andres Julio , Robinson Katie L. , Yang Qiong , Lau Meng-Jia , Hoffmann Ary A. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryMosquito-borne diseases such as dengue, Zika and chikungunya remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality across tropical regions. Population replacement strategies involving thewMel strain ofWolbachiaare being used widely to control mosquito-borne diseases transmitted byAedes aegypti. However, these strategies may be influenced by environmental temperature becausewMel is vulnerable to heat stress.wMel infections in their native hostDrosophila melanogasterare genetically diverse, but few transinfections ofwMel variants have been generated inAe. aegyptimosquitoes. Here we successfully transferred awMel variant (termedwMelM) originating from a field-collectedD. melanogasterpopulation from Victoria, Australia intoAe. aegypti. The newwMelM variant (clade I) is genetically distinct from the originalwMel transinfection (clade III) generated over ten years ago, and there are no genomic differences betweenwMelM in its original and transinfected host. We comparedwMelM withwMel in its effects on host fitness, temperature tolerance,Wolbachiadensity, vector competence, cytoplasmic incompatibility and maternal transmission under heat stress in a controlled background.wMelM showed a higher heat tolerance thanwMel, with stronger cytoplasmic incompatibility and maternal transmission when eggs were exposed to heat stress, likely due to higher overall densities within the mosquito. BothwMel variants had minimal host fitness costs, complete cytoplasmic incompatibility and maternal transmission, and dengue virus blocking under standard laboratory conditions. Our results highlight phenotypic differences between closely relatedWolbachiavariants.wMelM shows potential as an alternative strain towMel in dengue control programs in areas with strong seasonal temperature fluctuations.
Single-cell RNA-Seq analysis reveals dual sensing of HIV-1 in blood Axl+ dendritic cells
Authors: Brouiller Flavien , Nadalin Francesca , Mohamed Ouardia Aït , Bonté Pierre-Emmanuel , Delaugerre Constance , Lelièvre Jean-Daniel , Ginhoux Florent , Ruffin Nicolas , Benaroch Philippe 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSensing of incoming viruses represents one of the pivotal tasks of dendritic cells (DC). Human primary blood DC encompass various subsets that are diverse in their susceptibility and response to HIV-1. The recent identification of Axl+DC, a new blood DC subset, endowed with unique capacities to bind, replicate, and transmit HIV-1 prompted us to evaluate its anti-viral response. We show that HIV-1 induced two main broad and intense transcriptional programs in different Axl+DC potentially induced by different sensors; a NF-κB-mediated program that led to DC maturation and efficient antigen-specific CD4+T cell activation, and a program mediated by STAT1/2 that activated type I IFN and an ISG response. These responses were absent from cDC2 exposed to HIV-1 except when viral replication occurred. Finally, Axl+DC actively replicating HIV-1 identified by quantification of viral transcripts exhibited a mixed NF-κB/ISG innate response. Our results suggest that the route of HIV-1 entry may dictate different innate sensing pathway by DC.
Dynamic evolution of small signaling peptide compensation in plant stem cell control
Authors: Kwon Choon-Tak , Tang Lingli , Wang Xingang , Gentile Iacopo , Hendelman Anat , Robitaille Gina , Van Eck Joyce , Xu Cao , Lippman Zachary B. 
Published: January 2022

SUMMARYGene duplications are a hallmark of plant genome evolution and a foundation for genetic interactions that shape phenotypic diversity1–5. Compensation is a major form of paralog interaction6–8, but how compensation relationships change as allelic variation accumulates is unknown. Here, we leveraged genomics and genome editing across the Solanaceae family to capture the evolution of compensating paralogs. Mutations in the stem cell regulator CLV3 cause floral organs to overproliferate in many plants9–11. In tomato, this phenotype is partially suppressed by transcriptional upregulation of a closely related paralog12. Tobacco lost this paralog, resulting in no compensation and extreme clv3 phenotypes. Strikingly, the paralogs of petunia and groundcherry nearly completely suppress clv3, indicating a potent ancestral state of compensation. Cross-species transgenic complementation analyses show this potent compensation partially degenerated in tomato due to a single amino acid change in the paralog and cis-regulatory variation that limits its transcriptional upregulation. Our findings show how genetic interactions are remodeled following duplications, and suggest that dynamic paralog evolution is widespread over short time scales and impacts phenotypic variation from natural and engineered mutations.
Government domestic debt arrears and private investment in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kulu Evans , Brafu-Insaidoo William Gabriel , Peprah James Atta , Bondzie Eric Amoo 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThis study investigates the effect of government domestic payment arrears on private investment. The authors argue that an increase in government domestic arrears can reduce private sector investment owing to the competition for credit.Design/methodology/approachThe prediction is empirically tested using data for 33 Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries for the period 2007–2018 using a panel general methods of moment estimation technique. This is also complemented with impulse responses derived from the standard vector autoregressive model.FindingsThe results show that an increase in government domestic arrears adversely affects private investment in SSA and most subregional communities within SSA. It also revealed that private investment negatively responds to shocks in government domestic arrears.Originality/valueThis is the first study that attempts to investigate the effect of government domestic borrowing arrears on private investment. It seeks to serve as a guide to governments in their domestic borrowing decisions to ensure timely servicing.
CAPTCHA for crowdsourced image annotation: directions and efficiency analysis
Authors: Moradi Mohammad , Keyvanpour Mohammad Reza 
Published: January 2022

Purpose Image annotation plays an important role in image retrieval process, especially when it comes to content-based image retrieval. In order to compensate the intrinsic weakness of machines in performing cognitive task of (human-like) image annotation, leveraging humans’ knowledge and abilities in the form of crowdsourcing-based annotation have gained momentum. Among various approaches for this purpose, an innovative one is integrating the annotation process into the CAPTCHA workflow. In this paper, the current state of the research works in the field and experimental efficiency analysis of this approach are investigated.Design/methodology/approach At first, and with the aim of presenting a current state report of research studies in the field, a comprehensive literature review is provided. Then, several experiments and statistical analyses are conducted to investigate how CAPTCHA-based image annotation is reliable, accurate and efficient.Findings In addition to study of current trends and best practices for CAPTCHA-based image annotation, the experimental results demonstrated that despite some intrinsic limitations on leveraging the CAPTCHA as a crowdsourcing platform, when the challenge, i.e. annotation task, is selected and designed appropriately, the efficiency of CAPTCHA-based image annotation can outperform traditional approaches. Nonetheless, there are several design considerations that should be taken into account when the CAPTCHA is used as an image annotation platform.Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to analyze different aspects of the titular topic through exploration of the literature and experimental investigation. Therefore, it is anticipated that the outcomes of this study can draw a roadmap for not only CAPTCHA-based image annotation but also CAPTCHA-mediated crowdsourcing and even image annotation.
EMDR therapy with people who have intellectual disabilities: process, adaptations and outcomes
Authors: Porter Joanne L.B. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
Emerging evidence indicates that adapted eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) can be useful for people with intellectual disabilities in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the required adaptations are not described in enough detail across the literature, making it difficult for therapists to easily adapt EMDR for people with intellectual disabilities. This paper aims to address this by describing 14 clinical cases, along with outcome data for six people, and the views of five people with intellectual disabilities about EMDR.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 14 people with mild or moderate intellectual disabilities and varied experiences of trauma were offered EMDR by one clinical psychologist in a UK NHS setting; nine people completed EMDR therapy, six people provided outcome data with pre-post measures and five people were asked two questions about EMDR therapy.

Findings
Adaptations are described. The outcome data indicate reductions in symptoms of PTSD following EMDR intervention. EMDR was liked and perceived as useful.

Originality/value
This paper provides details about adaptations that can be made to the standard EMDR protocol, reports the views of service users about EMDR and adds evidence that EMDR reduces symptoms of PTSD in people who have intellectual disabilities.
Encroachment in a three-echelon supply chain: manufacturer encroachment or distributor encroachment
Authors: Wang Tian , Liang Yangyang , Zheng Zhong 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate manufacturer encroachment and distributor encroachment in a three-echelon supply chain consisting of an upside manufacturer, an intermediate distributor and a downside retailer.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors use the optimization theory to mathematize the proposed question and build a model. First, the authors consider sequential quantity decisions, where the encroacher decides on the direct selling quantity after determining the retailer's order quantity. Second, the authors relax this sequential decision process assumption by reconsidering a circumstance in which quantity decisions are decided simultaneously.FindingsIn contrast to previous studies, this study shows that in three-echelon supply chains, the upside firm is more likely to encroach compared with the downside firm. The “bright side” of encroachment exists for all players only when the encroachment cost is at a moderate level. However, in manufacturer encroachment under simultaneous quantity decisions, the “bright side” skips the distributor but benefits the retailer directly as the encroachment cost increases from zero to a certain level. The main reason lies in that the distributor loses its pricing power because the end-market has been disturbed by the simultaneous quantity decisions. A comparison of the results of sequential and simultaneous quantity decisions reveals the merit of simultaneous quantity decisions. The authors find that the intermediate role (the distributor in our model) in three-echelon supply chains may benefit more from simultaneous quantity decisions. That is, the distributor may achieve a better profit even in a market with intensified competition.Originality/valueThe findings of this paper contribute to the marketing science literature on encroachment. The majority of existing literature has focused on manufacturer encroachment in two-echelon supply chains. This paper innovatively investigates and compares manufacturer encroachment and distributor encroachment in a three-echelon supply chain.
A study on diesel engine crankshaft bearing failure analysis with consideration of bearing lubrication
Authors: Liu Qi , Huo Baiqi , Liu Yunsheng , Zhu Junchao 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
The edge of diesel engine crankshaft main bearing is more likely to fail in its real working condition. This paper aims to study the bearing failure mechanism by finding the relationship between bearing lubrication characteristics and its working condition.

Design/methodology/approach
This work builds the mixed lubrication model of crankshaft bearing to analyze the cause of bearing abnormal wear, and the finite difference method was used to solving the average Reynolds equation. During the analysis, journal misaligned angle, external load and roughness are considered.

Findings
The result shows that the wear of the diesel engine crankshaft bearing happens in engine startup phase and the bottom of the bearing are more prone to be excessively worn. Under the influence of journal misalignment, bearing asperity contact load and speed range of mixed lubrication will increase markedly. The edge of the bearing will be excessively worn. The effect of misalignment on bearing lubrication performance varies under different shaft rotation speed.

Originality/value
The former research studies on crankshaft bearing either just focused on its lubrication characteristics or interested in its failure types (wear, adhere, cavitation). This paper studies the relationship between bearing failure mechanism and lubrication performance.
Prediction and test of stable transmission time of spiral bevel gear during a loss-of-lubrication event in helicopter transmission system
Authors: Wang Yanzhong , Yang Kai , Tang Wen 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to establish a prediction model of stable transmission time of spiral bevel gear during a loss-of-lubrication event in helicopter transmission system.

Design/methodology/approach
To observe the temperature change of spiral bevel gear during working condition, a test rig of spiral bevel gear was developed according to the requirements of experiments and carried out verification experiments.

Findings
The prediction is verified by the test of detecting the temperature of oil pool. The main damage form of helicopter spiral bevel gears under starved lubrication is tooth surface burn. The stable running time under oil-free lubrication is mainly determined by the degree of tooth surface burn control.

Originality/value
The experimental data of the spiral bevel gear oil-free lubrication process are basically consistent with the simulation prediction results. The results lay a foundation for the working life design of spiral bevel gear in helicopter transmission system under starved lubrication.
Structural indicators of suicide: an exploration of state-level risk factors among Black and White people in the United States, 2015–2019
Authors: Robertson Ryan A. , Standley Corbin J. , Gunn III John F. , Opara Ijeoma 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
Death by suicide among Black people in the USA have increased by 35.6% within the past decade. Among youth under the age of 24 years old, death by suicide among Black youth have risen substantially. Researchers have found that structural inequities (e.g. educational attainment) and state-specific variables (e.g. minimum wage, incarceration rates) may increase risk for suicide among Black people compared to White people in the USA. Given the limited understanding of how such factors systematically affect Black and White communities differently, this paper aims to examine these relationships across US states using publicly available data from 2015 to 2019.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were aggregated from various national sources including the National Center for Education Statistics, the Department of Labor, the FBI’s Crime in the US Reports and the Census Bureau. Four generalized estimating equations (GEE) models were used to examine the impact of state-level variables on suicide rates: Black adults suicide rate, Black youth (24 years and younger) suicide rate, White adult suicide rate and White youth suicide rate. Each model includes state-level hate group rates, minimum wage, violent crime rates, gross vacancy rates, and race-specific state-level poverty rates, incarceration rates and graduation rates.

Findings
Across all GEE models, suicide rates rose between 2015–2019 (ß = 1.11 – 2.78; ß = 0.91 – 1.82; ß = 0.52 – 3.09; ß = 0.16 – 1.53). For the Black adult suicide rate, state rates increased as the proportion of Black incarceration rose (ß = 1.14) but fell as the gross housing vacancy rates increased (ß = −1.52). Among Black youth, state suicide rates rose as Black incarcerations increased (ß = 0.93). For the adult White suicide rate, state rates increased as White incarceration (ß = 1.05) and percent uninsured increased (ß = 1.83), but fell as White graduation rates increased (ß = −2.36). Finally, among White youth, state suicide rates increased as the White incarceration rate rose (ß = 0.55) and as the violent crime rate rose (ß = 0.55) but decreased as state minimum wages (ß = −0.61), White poverty rates (ß = −0.40) and graduation rates increased (ß = −0.97).

Originality/value
This work underscores how structural factors are associated with suicide rates, and how such factors differentially impact White and Black communities.
Dynamic capability, ambidexterity and social network—empirical evidence from SMEs in China
Authors: He Xin , Wu Xia , Croasdell David , Zhao Yanhai 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThe investigation of organization's ambidextrous innovation is a challenge in the research studies of management sciences. As existent literature showed a positive relation between dynamic capability (DC) and innovation, few empirical studies are conducted to explain how DC impacts on the balanced and combined dimension of ambidexterity and still less on how social network moderates this relation. As a result, this paper aims to investigate and provide empirical evidence on DC’s influence on ambidexterity in the context of China.Design/methodology/approachBy a relational model of DC, ambidextrous innovation and social network, this study has conducted multiple regression analysis on the data collected from 350 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in mainland China.FindingsThe results show that, DC has positive influence on both the combined and balanced dimension of ambidexterity; and both the relational network and structural network play an inverted U moderating role, where the moderation of relational network is stronger than that of structural network.Originality/valueThis study provides empirical support on DC's influence on ambidexterity together with the moderation of social network.