bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Point-of-care prediction model of loop gain in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: development and validation
Authors: Schmickl Christopher N. , Orr Jeremy E. , Kim Paul , Nokes Brandon , Sands Scott , Manoharan Sreeganesh , McGinnis Lana , Parra Gabriela , DeYoung Pamela , Owens Robert L. , Malhotra Atul 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
High loop gain (unstable ventilatory control) is an important—but difficult to measure—contributor to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) pathogenesis, predicting OSA sequelae and/or treatment response. Our objective was to develop and validate a clinical prediction tool of loop gain.

Methods
A retrospective cohort of consecutive adults with OSA (apnea–hypopnea index, AHI > 5/hour) based on in-laboratory polysomnography 01/2017–12/2018 was randomly split into a training and test-set (3:1-ratio). Using a customized algorithm (“reference standard”) loop gain was quantified from raw polysomnography signals on a continuous scale and additionally dichotomized (high > 0.7). Candidate predictors included general patient characteristics and routine polysomnography data. The model was developed (training-set) using linear regression with backward selection (tenfold cross-validated mean square errors); the predicted loop gain of the final linear regression model was used to predict loop gain class. More complex, alternative models including lasso regression or random forests were considered but did not meet pre-specified superiority-criteria. Final model performance was validated on the test-set.

Results
The total cohort included 1055 patients (33% high loop gain). Based on the final model, higher AHI (beta = 0.0016; P < .001) and lower hypopnea-percentage (beta = −0.0019; P < .001) predicted higher loop gain values. The predicted loop gain showed moderate-to-high correlation with the reference loop gain (r = 0.48; 95% CI 0.38–0.57) and moderate discrimination of patients with high versus low loop gain (area under the curve = 0.73; 95% CI 0.67–0.80).

Conclusion
To our knowledge this is the first prediction model of loop gain based on readily-available clinical data, which may facilitate retrospective analyses of existing datasets, better patient selection for clinical trials and eventually clinical practice.
Trans-cinnamaldehyde protects against phenylephrine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through the CaMKII/ERK pathway
Authors: Qian Dongdong , Tian Jing , Wang Sining , Shan Xiaoli , Zhao Pei , Chen Huihua , Xu Ming , Guo Wei , Zhang Chen , Lu Rong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCA) is one of the main pharmaceutical ingredients of Cinnamomum cassia Presl, which has been shown to have therapeutic effects on a variety of cardiovascular diseases. This study was carried out to characterize and reveal the underlying mechanisms of the protective effects of TCA against cardiac hypertrophy.

Methods
We used phenylephrine (PE) to induce cardiac hypertrophy and treated with TCA in vivo and in vitro. In neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs), RNA sequencing and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were carried out to identify potential pathways of TCA. Then, the phosphorylation and nuclear localization of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) were detected. In adult mouse cardiomyocytes (AMCMs), calcium transients, calcium sparks, sarcomere shortening and the phosphorylation of several key proteins for calcium handling were evaluated. For mouse in vivo experiments, cardiac hypertrophy was evaluated by assessing morphological changes, echocardiographic parameters, and the expression of hypertrophic genes and proteins.

Results
TCA suppressed PE-induced cardiac hypertrophy and the phosphorylation and nuclear localization of CaMKII and ERK in NRCMs. Our data also demonstrate that TCA blocked the hyperphosphorylation of ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2) and phospholamban (PLN) and restored Ca2+ handling and sarcomere shortening in AMCMs. Moreover, our data revealed that TCA alleviated PE-induced cardiac hypertrophy in adult mice and downregulated the phosphorylation of CaMKII and ERK.

Conclusion
TCA has a protective effect against PE-induced cardiac hypertrophy that may be associated with the inhibition of the CaMKII/ERK pathway.
SP70 is a potential biomarker to identify gastric fundic gland neoplasms
Authors: Luo Rongkui , Huang Wen , Chen Lingli , Liu Yalan , Xu Lei , Zhang Xiaolei , Xu Chen , Hou Yingyong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Gastric neoplasms with fundic gland differentiation include oxyntic gland adenomas (OGAs) and gastric adenocarcinomas of fundic gland type (GA-FGs). Due to their well-differentiated and similar morphology with normal fundic glands, it is usually challenging to identify these lesions in pathological diagnosis, especially in biopsy specimens. This study aims to explore and verify the potential role of a newly developed monoclonal antibody (McAb) NJ001 (SP70) in differentiating fundic neoplasms from non-neoplastic fundic gland lesions.

Methods
Twenty-three cases of histological confirmed gastric fundic gland neoplasms were obtained, including 12 cases of OGAs and 11 of GA-FGs. Fifty cases of fundic gland polyps (FGPs) were taken as the control group. Six cases of well-differentiated gastric neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) (easily misdiagnosed) were also obtained. Key clinicopathological information was collected. SP70 immunostaining was performed (with para-tumor normal fundic glands as internal control). The positive intensity and staining pattern of SP70 were analyzed and compared.

Results
In normal gastric mucosa, SP70 was strongly and diffusely stained on the cytoplasm in fundic glands, but not in the foveolar epithelium. Therefore, a zonal distribution of SP70 was observed in normal mucosa. FGPs (50/50, 100%) shared a similar expression pattern with normal fundic glands. In fundic gland neoplasms, a significant down-expression of SP70 was observed in both OGAs and GA-FGs. The positive rate of SP70 in fundic gland neoplasms (6/23, 26.1%) was significantly lower than that in FGPs (100%) (P<0.0001). There was no difference in SP70 expression between OGAs (3/12, 25.0%) and GA-FGs (3/11, 27.2%) group (P>0.05). In these 6 NET cases, SP70 was weak to moderate intensity in the majority of tumor cells (with a different expression pattern).

Conclusion
Down-expression of SP70 is a specific feature to fundic gland neoplasms including OGAs and GA-FGs. Therefore, SP70 can serve as a potential biomarker in the identification and differential diagnosis of fundic gland neoplasms.
What matters for the scalability of prejudice reduction programs and interventions? A Delphi study
Authors: Hsieh Wing , Wickes Rebecca , Faulkner Nicholas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
In many countries, policy makers and practitioners turn to prejudice reduction programs and interventions to tackle prejudice in the community. However, successfully addressing prejudice requires an effective intervention that can scale to match the broad span of the problem. The scalability assessment frameworks from health sciences have varying emphasis on four categories—intervention, delivery, costs, and context. For example, the high-level factors in the two Milat et al. scalability assessments are weighted towards details of the intervention (Milae et al. in Health Promot Int 28(3):285–981, 2013; Health Res Policy Syst 2:1–17, 2020). Investigation into scalability, specific to prejudice reduction, is necessary to understand how scalability frameworks apply in a different discipline.

Methods
Using a Delphi approach—a structured method to obtain consensus from experts (Milae et al. Health Promot Int 28(3):285–981, 2013; Linstone and Turoff in The Delphi method—techniques and applications, Addison-Wesley, 1975; de Meyrick in Health Educ 103(1):7–16, 2003)—to bring together 16 prejudice reduction experts from multiple sectors including NGOs, private, government and academia, we developed a scalability assessment framework of criteria that are important for the successful scaling of prejudice interventions. We then applied that framework to exemplars of prejudice reduction interventions published in the academic literature.

Results
For prejudice reduction interventions, contextual factors are key considerations for successful scaling. Commonly used prejudice reduction intervention approaches like contact, whether face-to-face or online, can have limited scalability.

Conclusions
To reduce prejudice there needs to be consideration of scalability. This paper presents a first-of-its-kind framework for assessing scalability for prejudice reduction interventions. Applying the empirically developed framework to actual interventions demonstrated that for interventions to be effective and scalable, a greater focus on approaches beyond face-to-face contact is required.
Detoxification approaches of mycotoxins: by microorganisms, biofilms and enzymes
Authors: Nahle Sahar , El Khoury André , Savvaidis Ioannis , Chokr Ali , Louka Nicolas , Atoui Ali 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMycotoxins are generally found in food, feed, dairy products, and beverages, subsequently presenting serious human and animal health problems. Not surprisingly, mycotoxin contamination has been a worldwide concern for many research studies. In this regard, many biological, chemical, and physical approaches were investigated to reduce and/or remove contamination from food and feed products. Biological detoxification processes seem to be the most promising approaches for mycotoxins removal from food. The current review details the newest progress in biological detoxification (adsorption and metabolization) through microorganisms, their biofilms, and enzymatic degradation, finally describing the detoxification mechanism of many mycotoxins by some microorganisms. This review also reports the possible usage of microorganisms as mycotoxins’ binders in various food commodities, which may help produce mycotoxins-free food and feed.
Effect of facilitated rocking movement in reducing vaccination-induced pain in young infants: a randomized control trial
Authors: Yadav Jayesh P. , Agrawal Alka , Sawant Vishal Dnyaneshwar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Injection for vaccinations is the most prevalent source of iatrogenic pain in infants. The facilitated rocking movement is a new technique which is to be evaluated to reduce vaccination-induced pain in newborns and young infants. Hence, the present study was designed to study the effect of facilitated rocking movement in reducing vaccination-induced pain in young infants.

Method
A total of 70 infants < 6 months attending vaccination clinic, full-term born babies with weight > 2.5 kg and clinically well infants were enrolled and randomized in two equal groups, i.e., facilitated rocking movement (treatment/group 1) and classical holding group (control/group 2).

Results
Both the groups were comparable and found no significant (p > 0.05) difference as regards education, occupation, socioeconomic status, type and number of deliveries, gestational age of mother as well as birth weight, gender and hemodynamic parameters of infants. The crying time was significantly (p = 0.0001) lower among children of group 1 (35.79 ± 5.12 s) than group 2 (59.71 ± 7.93 s). There was a significant difference (p = 0.0001) in NIPS score among the groups after baseline. At baseline, mild severity of pain was observed in the majority of children in both groups (92.9% in each), while at 1 min after prick mild severity of pain was more in group 1 (92.9%) than in group 2 (28.6%), (p = 0.0001).

Conclusion
The assisted rocking movement proved more helpful than the traditional holding position in alleviating pain caused by vaccinations in infants aged less than 6 months. As a result of its easy, cheap and noninvasive application, this position can be utilized in combination with pharmacological techniques during painful procedures. Further ascertainment by comparing other techniques such as the analgesic effects of sucrose, expressed breast milk and breast-feeding should be carried out.
Short-coupled ventricular ectopics leading to cardiac arrest in a young woman
Authors: Katis George , Wiles Benedict , Saba Magdi M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
This case report highlights the importance of recognizing that ventricular ectopy may be a cause for syncope and sudden cardiac death, through triggered disorganized arrhythmia. In the context of syncope, ventricular ectopy should be carefully assessed for coupling interval and morphology.

Case presentation
A 39-year-old woman, who had presented with recurrent syncope, had a cardiac arrest shortly after admission that required emergency defibrillation. Review of her cardiac monitoring revealed an episode of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia which had degenerated into ventricular fibrillation. The dysrhythmia had been initiated by a short-coupled (R-on-T) ventricular ectopic (VE) beat. Anti-arrhythmic therapy was initiated in the form of hydroquinidine, but the patient continued to have frequent VEs of right bundle branch block (RBBB) morphology with a relatively narrow QRS complex and a variation in frontal axis. A cardiac MRI revealed late gadolinium enhancement of the posterior papillary muscle (indicative of focal scarring). The patient underwent electrophysiological mapping and catheter ablation of her ectopy. The patient made a good recovery and was discharged from hospital with a secondary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) in situ.

Conclusions
Short-couped VEs that are superimposed onto the preceding T wave (R-on-T) are indicative of electrical instability of the heart and should prompt urgent investigation. By studying the morphologies and axes of the QRS complexes produced by VEs, we can identify their likely origins and ascertain their clinical significance.
A microRNA binding site polymorphism in the 3′ UTR region of VEGF-A gene modifies colorectal cancer risk based on ethnicity: a meta-analysis
Authors: Kontham Sai Sushmitha , Walter Charles Emmanuel Jebaraj , Shankaran Zioni Sangeetha , Ramanathan Arvind , Karuppasamy Nirmala , Johnson Thanka 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) plays an integral role in angiogenesis by contributing to growth, development, and metastasis of solid tumors. Recently, a single-nucleotide polymorphism +936C/T located in the VEGF-A 3′ untranslated region (UTR) facilitated the susceptibility of colorectal cancer. The association between VEGF-A gene polymorphism +936C/T and colorectal cancer risk has been widely studied in the last decade, but presently, the results furnished remain enigmatic. Hence, the study aimed to investigate the association between VEGF-A +936C/T miRNA binding site polymorphism and the risk of developing colorectal cancer.

Methods
This meta-analysis included 13 published case-control studies covering 3465 cases (colorectal cancer) and 3476 healthy controls. Publication bias was examined by means of Begg’s funnel plots and Egger’s regression tests. The quality of the studies included was evaluated using Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Subgroup analyses were performed in accordance to the various ethnicities of the study subjects and the study quality.

Results
From the data obtained, it is implied that VEGF-A +936C/T polymorphism did not correlate with elevated colorectal cancer risk in all genetic models. But the results acquired from the subgroup analysis in over dominant model (CT vs. CC + TT: OR = 1.5047, 95% CI = 1.19–1.90) suggest that VEGF-A +936C/T polymorphism leads to the raise in the risk of developing CRC among the East Asian population. No association was observed in Caucasian and South Asian population.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that VEGF-A +936C/T polymorphism is not a risk factor for developing CRC in Caucasian and South Asian population. However, the East Asian population was related to an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer due to the presence of the minor allele.
An interdisciplinary method for assessing IPM potential: case study in Scottish spring barley
Authors: Stetkiewicz Stacia , Bruce Ann , Burnett Fiona J. , Ennos Richard A. , Topp Cairistiona F. E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA method is proposed which considers Integrated Pest Management (IPM) through several lenses, in order to obtain a more holistic view of the potential for IPM, and is described using a case study of Scottish spring barley. Long-term experimental field trial databases are used to determine which management methods are best suited to the system at hand. Stakeholder engagement provides insight into which of these methods are most likely to be taken up by farmers. Finally, a database of commercial practice allows an estimate of the potential for improving management patterns, based on current levels of IPM uptake across a wider sample of Scottish farmers. Together, these diverse sources of information give a more complete view of a complex system than any individual source could and allow the identification of IPM methods which are robust, practical, and not already in widespread use in this system. Bringing together these sources of information may be of particular value for policy and other decision makers, who need information about strategies which are both practical and likely to have a large positive impact. In the case of Scottish spring barley, there is good potential to reduce the need for fungicide use through the increased use of highly resistant barley varieties.
The State Formation of Late Qing China within Global Geopolitical Dynamics
Authors: Ru Sung Hee 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article views the nineteenth-century Qing government's acceptance of modern state logics as a momentous occasion in the government-led modern state transition amid pressure from across the geopolitical landscape. In the process of this transition, the Qing government strove to adopt the rules of the interstate system, such as border demarcation and the system of international law, which were fine-tuned to the politico-economic expansion of the modern world-system. Perspective builds on theories of China's process of incorporation into the modern world-system; however, it is qualitatively different from previous approaches such as the impact-response approach or the colonial perspective in that it is based on an understanding of global geopolitics as a transnational entity and, as such, a unit of analysis. Global geopolitics first appeared in Western Europe, but as it expanded into non-European areas, its logics gradually became global logics that encompassed European and non-European practices alike. This paper makes two significant theoretical contributions. First, from a macroscopic perspective, it suggests that the global connected histories between Western Europe and China can be examined without excluding the distinctive dynamics of either Europe or China. Second, by using global geopolitics as a unit of analysis, it argues that the role of the Qing government is as important as the influence of Western colonial powers in the formation of the modern Chinese state. This approach challenges the Eurocentric perspective that considers European powers to be active and progressive and China to be passive and lethargic.
Validating markerless pose estimation with 3D X-ray radiography
Authors: Moore Dalton D. , Walker Jeffrey D. , MacLean Jason N. , Hatsopoulos Nicholas G. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTTo reveal the neurophysiological underpinnings of natural movement, neural recordings must be paired with accurate tracking of limbs and postures. Here, we evaluated the accuracy of DeepLabCut (DLC), a deep learning markerless motion capture approach, by comparing it with a 3D X-ray video radiography system that tracks markers placed under the skin (XROMM). We recorded behavioral data simultaneously with XROMM and RGB video as marmosets foraged and reconstructed 3D kinematics in a common coordinate system. We used the toolkit Anipose to filter and triangulate DLC trajectories of 11 markers on the forelimb and torso and found a low median error (0.228 cm) between the two modalities corresponding to 2.0% of the range of motion. For studies allowing this relatively small error, DLC and similar markerless pose estimation tools enable the study of increasingly naturalistic behaviors in many fields including non-human primate motor control.
Etiology and outcomes of new onset seizure in adult patients: A clinical experience from emergency department of a tertiary care center
Authors: Ali Noman , Dharamshi Hasnain Abbas , Mustahsan Syed , Noorani Suman 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: To identify the etiology and outcomes of new onset seizure in adult patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED), to improve knowledge among healthcare providers regarding diagnosis and hence improve the outcomes.
Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study conducted at the Emergency Department of Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Adult patients (18 years and above), presented to the ED from January 01, 2019 to June 30, 2020, with new onset seizure were included consecutively. Descriptive data on patient demographics, seizure types, investigations performed, final diagnosis and disposition were collected retrospectively from patient’s file and electronic record. Etiologies of seizure were classified as structural (metabolic, trauma, infection), genetic or idiopathic. The immediate outcomes were reported as hospitalization or discharge from the ED.
Results: In total 198 patients with new onset seizure were included. Majority of the patients were found in middle age group i.e., 35 to 65 years (44.4%). Gender distribution showed slightly higher percentage of females (55.1%). Generalized tonic clonic seizures were found to be the most common type of seizures (74.2%), followed by generalized tonic (12.1%) and focal onset aware seizures (7.5%). Out of total patients no cause was identified in eight patients (4%), whereas in total confirmed causes of new onset seizures, structural lesions of brain were found to be the most common cause (89.6%%), including neurological (23.6%), infectious (4.2%), systemic (13%), metabolic (7%) and toxicological (4%) causes respectively.
Conclusion: This study explores the various etiologies of new onset seizures in adult patients presenting to the ED. The study emphasizes the need for a local guideline for the investigation of new onset seizures in adult patients that would direct emergency physicians in respect of appropriate management, thus to ensure better quality of patient care and outcomes.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.4411
How to cite this:Ali N, Dharamshi HA, Mustahsan S, Noorani S. Etiology and outcomes of new onset seizure in adult patients: A clinical experience from emergency department of a tertiary care center. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.4411
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.