bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oncostatin M is overexpressed in NASH‐related hepatocellular carcinoma and promotes cancer cell invasiveness and angiogenesis
Authors: Di Maira Giovanni , Foglia Beatrice , Napione Lucia , Turato Cristian , Maggiora Marina , Sutti Salvatore , Novo Erica , Alvaro Maria , Autelli Riccardo , Colombatto Sebastiano , Bussolino Federico , Carucci Patrizia , Gaia Silvia , Rosso Chiara , Biasiolo Alessandra , Pontisso Patrizia , Bugianesi Elisabetta , Albano Emanuele , Marra Fabio , Parola Maurizio , Cannito Stefania 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOncostatin M (OSM) is a pleiotropic cytokine of the interleukin (IL)‐6 family that contributes to the progression of chronic liver disease. Here we investigated the role of OSM in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The role of OSM was investigated in (1) selected cohorts of NAFLD/NASH HCC patients, (2) liver cancer cells exposed to human recombinant OSM or stably transfected to overexpress human OSM, (3) murine HCC xenografts, and (4) a murine NASH‐related model of hepatic carcinogenesis. OSM was found to be selectively overexpressed in HCC cells of NAFLD/NASH patients, depending on tumor grade. OSM serum levels, barely detectable in patients with simple steatosis or NASH, were increased in patients with cirrhosis and more evident in those carrying HCC. In this latter group, OSM serum levels were significantly higher in the subjects with intermediate/advanced HCCs and correlated with poor survival. Cell culture experiments indicated that OSM upregulation in hepatic cancer cells contributes to HCC progression by inducing epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and increased invasiveness of cancer cells as well as by inducing angiogenesis, which is of critical relevance. In murine xenografts, OSM overexpression was associated with slower tumor growth but an increased rate of lung metastases. Overexpression of OSM and its positive correlation with the angiogenic switch were also confirmed in a murine model of NAFLD/NASH‐related hepatocarcinogenesis. Consistent with this, analysis of liver specimens from human NASH‐related HCCs with vascular invasion showed that OSM was expressed by liver cancer cells invading hepatic vessels. In conclusion, OSM upregulation appears to be a specific feature of HCC arising on a NAFLD/NASH background, and it correlates with clinical parameters and disease outcome. Our data highlight a novel pro‐carcinogenic contribution for OSM in NAFLD/NASH, suggesting a role of this factor as a prognostic marker and a putative potential target for therapy. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Recently introducedWolbachiareduces bacterial species richness and reshapes bacterial community structure inNilaparvata lugens
Authors: Li Tong‐Pu , Zhou Chun‐Ying , Gong Jun‐Tao , Xi Zhiyong , Hong Xiao‐Yue 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDWolbachiahas been developed as an effective tool to suppress insect pests and arbovirus transmission. Recently, the brown planthopperNilaparvata lugens, a serious agricultural pest, has been successfully transinfected withWolbachia wStri strain fromLaodelphax striatellus. However, before conducting the field experiments, the impacts ofwStri on the bacterial microbiota inN. lugensand how it differs from nativeWolbachia wLug strain have not been clarified.RESULTSHere, we found thatwStri reduced bacterial diversity and shaped bacterial community structure more thanwLug in both developmental stage and different adult tissues. Overall, the relative abundance ofWolbachiawas negatively correlated with bacterial diversity, but the bacterial diversity gradually decreased only when the relative abundance ofWolbachiawas higher than 60%. Further analysis found thatwStri reduced species richness of other bacteria but not their evenness.wStri infection also affected many bacterial functions (e.g., amino acid metabolism & signaling and cellular processes) in the developmental stages, with a stronger effect thanwLug in nymphs. Moreover, althoughWolbachiaoccupied a high relative abundance in infected individuals,Acinetobacterwas consistently a core part of microbiome.CONCLUSIONThese results showed the significant impacts of recently introducedwStri on bacterial microbiota inN. lugens, with the effects differing from nativewLug. This study will aid in understanding the relationship betweenWolbachia, its host and the host’s microbiota, and provide a reference for future field experiments.
A workflow for the joint modeling of longitudinal and event data in the development of therapeutics: Tools, statistical methods, and diagnostics
Authors: Zhudenkov Kirill , Gavrilov Sergey , Sofronova Alina , Stepanov Oleg , Kudryashova Nataliya , Helmlinger Gabriel , Peskov Kirill 
Published: January 2022

AbstractClinical trials investigate treatment endpoints that usually include measurements of pharmacodynamic and efficacy biomarkers in early‐phase studies and patient‐reported outcomes as well as event risks or rates in late‐phase studies. In recent years, a systematic trend in clinical trial data analytics and modeling has been observed, where retrospective data are integrated into a quantitative framework to prospectively support analyses of interim data and design of ongoing and future studies of novel therapeutics. Joint modeling is an advanced statistical methodology that allows for the investigation of clinical trial outcomes by quantifying the association between baseline and/or longitudinal biomarkers and event risk. Using an exemplar data set from non‐small cell lung cancer studies, we propose and test a workflow for joint modeling. It allows a modeling scientist to comprehensively explore the data, build survival models, investigate goodness‐of‐fit, and subsequently perform outcome predictions using interim biomarker data from an ongoing study. The workflow illustrates a full process, from data exploration to predictive simulations, for selected multivariate linear and nonlinear mixed‐effects models and software tools in an integrative and exhaustive manner.
Hollow Cobalt Oxide/Carbon Hybrids Aid Metabolic Encoding for Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus during Pregnancy
Authors: Wang You , Shu Weikang , Lin Sihan , Wu Jiayue , Jiang Meng , Li Shumin , Liu Chao , Li Rongxin , Pei Congcong , Ding Yajie , Wan Jingjing , Di Wen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA noninvasive, easy operation, and accurate diagnostic protocol is highly demanded to assess systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) activity during pregnancy, promising real‐time activity monitoring during the whole gestational period to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes. Here, machine learning of serum metabolic fingerprints (SMFs) is developed to assess the SLE activity for pregnant women. The SMFs are directly extracted through a hollow‐cobalt oxide/carbon (Co3O4/C)‐composite‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometer (LDI MS) platform. The Co3O4/C composite owns enhanced light absorption, size‐selective trapping, and better charge–hole separation, enabling improved ionization efficiency and selectivity for LDI MS detection toward small molecules. Metabolic fingerprints are collected from ≈0.1 µL serum within 1 s without enrichment and encoded by the optimized elastic net algorithm. The averaged area under the curve (AUC) value in the differentiation of active SLE from inactive SLE and healthy controls reaches 0.985 and 0.990, respectively. Further, a simplified panel based on four identified metabolites is built to distinguish SLE flares in pregnant women with the highest AUC value of 0.875 for the blind test. This work sets an accurate and practical protocol for SLE activity assessment during pregnancy, promoting precision diagnosis of disease status transitions in clinics.
Tuning d‐Band Center of Pt by PtCo‐PtSn Heterostructure for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction Performance
Authors: Chen Jinli , Qian Guangfu , Chu Bingxian , Jiang Zexing , Tan Kexin , Luo Lin , Li Bin , Yin Shibin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe development of efficient and stable Pt‐based catalysts is significant but challenging for fuel cells. Herein, Sn and Co elements are introduced into Pt to form PtCo‐PtSn/C heterostructure for enhancing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Electrochemical results indicate that it has remarkable ORR intrinsic activity with a high mass activity (1,158 mA mg–1 Pt) at 0.9 V in HClO4 solution, which is 2.18‐, 6.81‐, and 9.98‐fold higher than that of PtCo/C, PtSn/C, and Pt/C. More importantly, the catalytic activity attenuation for PtCo‐PtSn/C is only 27.4% after 30 000 potential cycles, showing high stability. Furthermore, theoretical calculations reveal that the enhancement is attributed to charge transfer and the unique structure of PtCo‐PtSn/C heterostructure, which regulate the d‐band center of Pt and prevent non‐noble metals from further dissolution. This work thus opens a way to design and prepare highly efficient Pt‐based alloy catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
Facile construction of flame‐retardant, heat‐insulating agar/polyvinyl alcohol composite aerogels via in situ formation of magnesium hydroxide and palygorskite‐assisted strategy
Authors: Guo Xin , Qiang Xiaohu , Chen Guoli , Su Hongxi , Ouyang Chengwei , Chen Sijie , Huang Dajian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNatural polymer aerogel is a candidate material with broad application prospects in the field of building insulation because of its lightweight, low thermal conductivity, and biodegradability. However, poor mechanical properties and easy combustion greatly limit its development. In this work, magnesium hydroxide (MH) was synthesized in situ in the agar (AG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composites using magnesium oxide as raw material. Furthermore, the one‐dimensional rod‐like nanoclay palygorskite (Pal) was introduced into the composites. A series of composite aerogels with different ratios of MH and Pal were prepared by a simple freeze‐drying process, and their microstructure, mechanical properties, water resistance, thermal stability, thermal insulation, and flame‐retardant properties were investigated. Cone calorimeter tests showed that MH/Pal synergistic flame retardant had excellent performance in reducing heat release rate and suppressing smoke. The AG/PVA/MH/Pal composite samples had a limiting oxygen index of 37.5% and achieved V‐0 rating in the UL‐94 test. In addition, the introduction of MH and Pal has enabled the AG/PVA composite aerogels to exhibit superior mechanical, thermal insulation, and water stability properties.
Survey of Salmonellae occurrence in meat‐producing rabbitries in Switzerland
Authors: Schädler Julia , Schwarz Julia , Peter‐Egli Judith , Schüpbach‐Regula Gertraud , Wiederkehr Danja , Albini Sarah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn outbreak of salmonellosis due to Salmonella Typhimurium was detected coincidentally in a Swiss meat rabbitry, given that surveillance of Salmonella in rabbits is not mandatory in Switzerland.MethodsTo assess the extent of potentially subclinical Salmonella carriage in meat rabbits, faecal pool samples of 50 farms (90% of Swiss commercial rabbitries) with ground covering litter and group housing were bacteriologically tested. Additionally, 236 rabbits showing clinical signs compatible with intestinal diseases, such as salmonellosis, were examined postmortem and analysed bacteriologically. Salmonella isolates were serotyped and analysed by whole genome sequencing (WGS).ResultsSalmonella Typhimurium was detected in three commercial farms (6.0% of all tested farms). The affected farms were directly linked to the animal trade and Salmonella isolates were shown to be identical by WGS.ConclusionThere is no increased hazard for Salmonella carriage in the animal welfare‐friendly Swiss husbandry systems in general, despite risk factors such as ground covering litter.
Homo Amans in the Economy: A Utopia?
Authors: Opdebeeck Hendrik 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA Homo amans oriented transition economy is not a utopia. In essence, the transitional economy we so urgently need today concretely involves assigning an inter-cultural and inter-religious interpretation to responsibility within the economy. This means providing a response (transition) to social-economic questions based on a form of trust (transcendence). Effectively, this means responding to a form of trust or admiration that has been received. It involves concrete attitudes emerging from reasonable rationality within the economy. An economy in which the Homo amans takes the Homo economicus by the hand, becomes, step by step, a responsible economy. In its turn, a responsible economy corresponds to the ethics of virtue, which connects the rational to the reasonable. As a virtue, responsibility is that positive characteristic of trust that focuses on providing the proper response to the social-economic questions that we encounter. In this chapter we therefore call for concrete, here-and-now economic changes throughout the world. Instead of a u-topia or a dys-topia we can witness today the emergence of what we refer to as a ‘u-globia’. It therefore does not involve a polarization between Homo economicus and Homo amans, or between the economy and ethics.
Personal Leadership: How to Change What Cannot Be Changed: A Response to Wesley Wildman’s Out with the Old, In with the New?
Authors: van Saane Joke 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn agreement with Wildman’s statement about the structural failures in human functioning caused by individualism and cognitive errors, a new concept is introduced. This is needed because of the risk of generalizing with easy solutions, in so doing neglecting the basic human drives of self-enhancement, connectedness, and mastery. It is better that we acknowledge our individualism and failing cognitions, because this acknowledgment creates room for change. Here, the concept of personal leadership is introduced. Change can start with ourselves as the real game changers. The opportunities for personal leadership are based upon spirituality and spiritual concepts: self-knowledge, self-confidence, norms and values, openness, learning, and imagination.
Natural Goodness
Authors: Krebs Dennis L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough the theory of evolution might seem to imply that all animals must be selfish by nature, this is not the case because social animals can propagate their selfish genes in psychologically unselfish ways. To understand the moral aspect of human nature, we must understand the adaptive functions that moral traits served in early human environments. I argue that the central function of morality is to uphold adaptive systems of cooperation. Even though some cooperative strategies are susceptible to exploitation by selfish strategies, there are several ways in which the kind of cooperative behavioral strategies that people consider moral can evolve. Primitive psychological sources of moral behavior, such as moral emotions, and advanced sources, such as perspective-taking and moral reasoning, evolve and develop throughout the life span in a Russian Doll manner. Although the original function of perspective-taking and moral reasoning may have been to help early humans advance their interests in strategic social interactions, these processes may now motivate people to behave in moral ways. We are evolved to be as good as our early ancestors had to be to reap the benefits of sociality and cooperation.
What Is the Nature of Christian Love? Homo Amans and Revolutionary Altruism
Authors: Klein Rebekka A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe attempt to explore human beings transdisciplinarily as beings of love can contribute to a more realistic anthropology, with an increased practical relevance for science and research. On the other hand, with its holistic orientation towards the whole person, it leads to an improper standardization of scientific research results. In order to avoid the problems associated with the holistic study of man asHomo amans, this article therefore reverses the perspective. Fundamentally, the nature of love is not discussed anthropologically on the basis of an examination of human nature and its altruism or egoism, but on the basis of the phenomenon of love in its ambivalence. Following Kierkegaard’s phenomenology of love, the article shows that love cannot be clearly distinguished from selfish acts without the reference of interpersonal relationships with a “third party.” In the Christian perspective, God is such a “third party,” who makes our fellow human beings recognizable to us as neighbors of God and enables us to behave in the spirit of love. Christian love of neighbor is therefore an example of the revolutionary, socially transformative dynamics of love.
Trust, Faith, and Social Imaginary: Prolegomena to an Anthropology of Personhood
Authors: Di Somma Emilio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAmidst the many problem that our societies are facing today, there is acknowledgment of the fact that the current economic system is unable to create and foster a just and stable society. This becomes increasingly true the more we continue to rely on the paradigm of theHomo economicus, which reveals itself as a fragile basis for a just and functioning society.The paradigm of theHomo economicusdoes not allow us to build a workable society; but then, the first question remains, what is the fundamental feature of theHomo, what does it mean to be human? And how can we build a just and functioning society?The theme of this work focuses on finding an answer through the paradigm of theHomo amans,that is, a paradigm in which we take into account not only human self-interest but also of those other features that are strongly linked with human life: the need for a meaning in our life, our relationship with our future and our relationship with other human beings. However, to change an anthropological paradigm, there is a necessary step that has to be addressed. To say that the paradigm ofHomo economicushas been the dominant one so far, means that we have had a society that was imbued within a specific framework of customs, values, and traditions. Our society has been developed on a set of assumptions about human behavior, and on these assumptions have been developed institutions and procedures in which wetrust.The attitude of trust is the main topic of this essay. To develop a society on the paradigm ofHomo amansand to further develop the debate, one should ask what kind of expectation we should encourage in people, and what should the foundations for such expectations be. What, then, is the foundation of this sensible assurance? Why do we trust people and institutions? This chapter aims to analyze this fundamental requirement for the development of any kind of society: the need for trust between persons and communities.
Technological development for the reduction of out-of-plane deformation of metallic meander structures in thermoformed electronics
Authors: Madadnia Behnam , Bossuyt Frederick , Vanfleteren Jan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a novel approach for removing out-of-plane deformation in stretched metal interconnects by adding a fractal structure to the original meander shape and using an optimized fabrication stack. In thermoformed electronics, in cases where copper is used as conductor, the twisting of meander-shaped structures caused by excessive mechanical stress can cause a non-uniform surface, delamination of the metal interconnect from the substrate, and in some cases, a short circuit to the adjacent tracks. Typically, designers of stretchable electronics use various shapes and widths of the copper interconnect to tackle this issue. Using conventional meander shapes such as horseshoes and U-shapes is not universally practical, especially when stretching is higher than 30 percent leading to significant out-of-plane buckling. Limiting this out-of-plane buckling by reducing the track width is not always applicable, as a minimum width is needed from a technology and conductivity perspective. The presented approach is inspired by computational and experimental studies of multiple meander shapes and fabrication methods. A geometry- and fabrication-based approach is presented, reducing the mechanical stress of almost all possible meander shapes by increasing the meander's path length to accommodate the metal track's produced torque during stretching. An analytical approach is provided for calculating the optimal meander parameters and the optimal fabrication stack is achieved based on simulation results. Experiments and finite element modeling for a case study show the improvement in the stress distribution and reduction of out-of-plane buckling.
Teaching Trauma in Resource‐Limited Settings: A Scoping Review of Pediatric Trauma Courses
Authors: Pinkham Laura , Botelho Fabio , Khan Minahil , Guadagno Elena , Poenaru Dan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeInjury remains an important cause of death and disability globally, with 95% of all childhood injury deaths occurring in low‐ and lower‐middle‐income countries (LMICs). Pediatric trauma training, tailored to the resources in LMICs, represents an opportunity to improve such outcomes. We explored the nature of course offerings in pediatric trauma in resource‐limited settings.MethodsSeven databases were interrogated up to June 12, 2020, to retrieve articles examining pediatric trauma training in LMICs, as defined by the World Bank, without language restrictions. Independent authors reviewed and selected abstracts based on set criteria. Data from included studies was extracted and analyzed. An adapted Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist designed for cohort studies was used to assess the risk of bias.ResultsAfter screening 3960 articles for eligibility, 16 were included for final analysis. Course delivery methods included didactic modules, simulations, clinical mentorship, small group discussion, audits, assessments, and feedback. Knowledge acquisition was primarily assessed through pre/post‐tests, clinical skills assessments, and self‐assessment questionnaires. Twelve studies detailed course content, nine of which were based on the WHO Emergency Triage, Assessment and Treatment model, which is not specific to trauma. The other three studies involved locally developed pediatric trauma‐focused training courses, including airway management, head trauma and cervical spine management, thoracic and abdominal trauma, orthopedic trauma, burn and wound management, and shock.ConclusionDespite being essential to decreasing pediatric trauma morbidity and mortality worldwide, educational programs in pediatric trauma are not a widespread reality in low‐and‐middle‐income countries. The development of accessible and efficient pediatric trauma education programs is critical for improving pediatric trauma quality of care.
Research progress on exosomal proteins as diagnostic markers of gastric cancer (review article)
Authors: Su Hang , Ren Weihong , Zhang Dai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common types of tumors and the most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The diagnosis of GC is critical to its prevention and treatment. Available tumor markers are the crucial step for GC diagnosis. Recent studies have shown that proteins in exosomes are potential diagnostic and prognostic markers for GC. Exosomes, secreted by cells, are cup-shaped with a diameter of 30–150 nm under the electron microscope. They are also surrounded by lipid bilayers and are widely found in various body fluids. Exosomes contain proteins, lipids and nucleic acid. The examination of exosomal proteins has the advantages of quickness, easy sampling, and low pain and cost, as compared with the routine inspection method of GC, which may lead to marked developments in GC diagnosis. This article summarized the exosomal proteins with a diagnostic and prognostic potential in GC, as well as exosomal proteins involved in GC progression.