bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Falls among older patients with total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Masarwa Rawan , Yonai Yaniv , Paz Inbar , Steinfeld Yaniv , Natan Merav Ben , Berkovich Yaron 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Few studies have attempted to identify the prevalence of falls after TKA and their risk factors in older patients. The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of falls in patients with TKA as well as sociodemographic and medical factors that increase the risk of falling in older patients.

Methods:
One-hundred-eighty-seven older patients aged 65 and older, who had undergone TKA, were retrospectively interviewed within a year from hospitalization.

Results:
Of the 187 patients who underwent TKA in the last year, 26.7% sustained a fall. The mean time after TKA was eight months. This study reveals that older patients with a higher number of comorbidities, a higher number of medications, and suffering from depression, are at a higher risk of falls following TKA.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of falls was 26.7% following TKA. Older patients with a higher number of comorbidities, who take a higher number of medications, and suffer from depression, are at a higher risk of falling following TKA.

Level of evidence:
IV, retrospective cohort study.

Highlights
Leidenfrost flows: instabilities and symmetry breakings
Authors: Yim E. , Bouillant A. , Quéré D. , Gallaire F. 
Published: July 2022

Leidenfrost drops were recently found to host strong dynamics. In the present study, we investigate both experimentally and theoretically the flow structures and stability inside a Leidenfrost water drop as it evaporates, starting with a large puddle. As revealed by infrared mapping, the drop base is warmer than its apex by typically 10

$^{\circ }$

C, which is likely to trigger bulk thermobuoyant flows and Marangoni surface flows. Tracer particles unveil complex and strong flows that undergo successive symmetry breakings as the drop evaporates. We investigate the linear stability of the base flows in a non-deformable, quasi-static, levitating drop induced by thermobuoyancy and the effective thermocapillary surface stress, using only one adjustable parameter. The stability analysis of nominally axisymmetric thermoconvective flows, parametrized by the drop radius

$R$

, yields the most unstable, thus, dominant, azimuthal modes (of wavenumber

$m$

). Our theory predicts well the radii

$R$

for the mode transitions and cascade with decreasing wavenumber from

$m=3,\, m=2$

, down to

$m=1$

(the eventual rolling mode that entails propulsion) as the drop shrinks in size. The effect of the escaping vapour is not taken into account here, which may further destabilize the inner flow and couple to the liquid/vapour interface to give rise to motion (Bouillant et al. Nat. Phys., vol. 14 (12), 2018, pp. 1188–1192; Brandão & Schnitzer Physical Review Fluids, vol. 5 (9), 2020, 091601).
Skew brownian motion and complexity of the alps algorithm
Authors: Roberts Gareth O. , Rosenthal Jeffrey S. , Tawn Nicholas G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSimulated tempering is a popular method of allowing Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms to move between modes of a multimodal target density
$\pi$
. Tawn, Moores and Roberts (2021) introduces the Annealed Leap-Point Sampler (ALPS) to allow for rapid movement between modes. In this paper we prove that, under appropriate assumptions, a suitably scaled version of the ALPS algorithm converges weakly to skew Brownian motion. Our results show that, under appropriate assumptions, the ALPS algorithm mixes in time
$O(d [\log d]^2)$
or O(d), depending on which version is used.
Discontinuation of antipsychotics in individuals with first-episode schizophrenia and its association to functional outcomes, hospitalization and death: a register-based nationwide follow-up study
Authors: Stürup Anne Emilie , Nordentoft Merete , Jimenez-Solem Espen , Osler Merete , Davy Josefine Winther , Christensen Thomas Nordahl , Speyer Helene , Albert Nikolai , Hjorthøj Carsten 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiscontinuation of antipsychotic medication may be linked to high risk of relapse, hospitalization and mortality. This study investigated the use and discontinuation of antipsychotics in individuals with first-episode schizophrenia in relation to cohabitation, living with children, employment, hospital admission and death.MethodsDanish registers were used to establish a nationwide cohort of individuals ⩾18 years with schizophrenia included at the time of diagnosis in1995–2013. Exposure was antipsychotic medication calculated using defined daily dose and redeemed prescriptions year 2–5. Outcomes year 5–6 were analysed using binary logistic, negative binomial and Cox proportional hazard regression.ResultsAmong 21 351, 9.3% took antipsychotics continuously year 2–5, 38.6% took no antipsychotics, 3.4% sustained discontinuation and 48.7% discontinued and resumed treatment. At follow-up year 6, living with children or employment was significantly higher in individuals with sustained discontinuation (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.53–2.56 and OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.91–3.54), non-sustained discontinuation (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.05–1.48 and 2.04, 95% CI 1.64–2.53) and no antipsychotics (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.69–2.38 and 5.64, 95% CI 4.56–6.97) compared to continuous users. Individuals with non-sustained discontinuation had more psychiatric hospital admissions (IRR 1.27, 95% CI 1.10–1.47) and longer admissions (IRR 1.68, 95% CI 1.30–2.16) year 5–6 compared to continuous users. Mortality during year 5–6 did not differ between groups.ConclusionMost individuals with first-episode schizophrenia discontinued or took no antipsychotics the first years after diagnosis and had better functional outcomes. Non-sustained discontinuers had more, and longer admissions compared to continuous users. However, associations found could be either cause or effect.
Research in foreign language teaching and learning in China (2012–2021)
Authors: Lei Lei , Qin Jie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article reviews selected research on foreign language teaching and learning published in local, high-impact journals in China over the past ten years (2012–2021). A bibliometric analysis was conducted to elicit the most frequently researched topics in the field, which were grouped into four categories, that is, language learning and use, language pedagogy, language learners and teachers, and Teaching English as a Foreign Language approaches/theories, and a number of sub-categories. This was then followed by an in-depth and critical review of 71 studies corresponding to those categories and sub-categories. The review concluded with a discussion of inadequacies and recommendations for future research. It is hoped that a review on the experience of Chinese practitioners and researchers’ efforts to promote foreign language education may contribute to language teaching research and development in the international field.
COVID-19 vaccination rollout in the World Health Organization African region: status at end June 2022 and way forward
Authors: Impouma Benido , Mboussou Franck , Farham Bridget , Makubalo Lindiwe , Mwinga Kasonde , Onyango Adelheid , Sthreshley Lisa , Akpaka Kalu , Balde Thierno , Atuhebwe Phionah , Gueye Abdou Salam , Zawaira Felicitas , Rees Helen , Cabore Joseph , Moeti Matshidiso 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In October 2021, the WHO published an ambitious strategy to ensure that all countries had vaccinated 40% of their population by the end of 2021 and 70% by mid-2022. The end of June 2022 marks 18 months of implementation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in the African region and provides an opportunity to look back and think ahead about COVID-19 vaccine set targets, demand and delivery strategies. As of 26 June 2022 two countries in the WHO African region have achieved this target (Mauritius and Seychelles) and seven are on track, having vaccinated between 40% and 69% of their population. By the 26 June 2022, seven among the 20 countries that had less than 10% of people fully vaccinated at the end of January 2022, have surpassed 15% of people fully vaccinated at the end of June 2022. This includes five targeted countries, which are being supported by the WHO Regional Office for Africa through the Multi-Partners' Country Support Team Initiative. As we enter the second semester of 2022, a window of opportunity has opened to provide new impetus to COVID-19 vaccination rollout in the African region guided by the four principles: Scale-up, Transition, Consolidation and Communication. Member States need to build on progress made to ensure that this impetus is not lost and that the African region does not remain the least vaccinated global region, as economies open up and world priorities change.
External non-linguistic cues influence language selection during a forced choice task
Authors: Vaughan-Evans Awel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of external non-linguistic cues on language selection in bilinguals. Participants viewed photographs and stated in which language they would speak to the individuals in those photographs via a button press. These images were manipulated such that external cues (the ‘speak Welsh’ logo, presented in the form of a poster or a lanyard) were present or absent. Participants responded faster and selected Welsh as their language of choice more often in trials that contained a language cue than in trials in which a language cue was absent. Furthermore, trials containing a lanyard had a greater effect on participant performance than trials containing a poster. These results suggest that external cues can influence language selection in bilinguals, and that the perceived reliability of the cue can modulate this effect. These findings have implications for the language selection literature and could inform the development of future language use interventions.
Examining public stigma and expectations of grief following medical aid and dying in the US: A vignette-based experiment
Authors: Singer Jonathan , Breen Lauren J. , Loggers Elizabeth T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesFamilies bereaved following Medical Aid in Dying (MAID)-related death express concerns about public stigma. As access to MAID expands, research examining MAID is needed, including understanding stigma toward family members. This study examines if stigmatization exists toward bereaved individuals whose family member utilized MAID at differing ages and assess if expectations of grief differ between bereaved individuals whose family member utilized MAID compared to bereaved individuals whose family member died of an illness.MethodsThis study utilized a randomized, between-groups, vignette-based experiment to test the effects of cause of death (MAID vs. illness-related death) and age (28, 38, 70, and 80 years) of the deceased on indicators of public stigma. Participants (N = 428) were recruited from mTURK (Mage = 42.54; SDage = 16.50).ResultsAnalyses showed a statistically significant interaction between age and the mode of death (F(7, 400), p = 0.001, $\eta _{\rm p}^2$ = 0.06) and the main effect for age (F(5, 401), p = 0.004, $\eta _{\rm p}^2$ = 0.04) on expectations of grief, whereas emotional reactions and wanting social distance were not significant (p > 0.05). Participants expected more maladaptive grief among family members of 28- and 70-year-olds who died of illness compared to 28- or 38-year-olds who utilized MAID [28-year-old (M = 44.12, SD = 12.03) or 70-year-old (M = 44.32, SD = 10.29) illness-related death vs. 28-year-old (M = 39.3, SD = 11.56; p = 0.01) or 38-year-old (M = 38.71, SD = 11.56; p = 0.007) MAID-related death].Significance of resultsFindings suggest that direct stigma does not exist toward family members of individuals engaging in MAID. The American public may expect that family members of young individuals who utilize MAID are accepting of the death and expect them to experience fewer maladaptive grief symptoms. Future research should investigate differences in bereavement outcomes based on age of bereaved caregivers of individuals engaging in MAID.
An adaptive approach for the detection of contrast targets for the through-wall imaging
Authors: Bivalkar Mandar K. , Pandey Sashwat , Singh Dharmendra 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThrough-wall imaging is capable of detecting various living and non-living things behind the wall. The characteristics of the wall under the investigation, amount of clutter and noise govern the quality and reliability of the image as well as the detection ability of the targets using through the wall imaging system. The characteristics of the wall are not known prior, in the literature only the intensity profile is investigated for the unknown wall characteristics using a single dielectric target and the effect of the wall characteristics on the contrast imaging and impact on time or frequency domain features are not investigated. The target with less dielectric is having less reflectivity; hence its detection in the presence of a high reflective target and a noisy environment becomes difficult. In this paper, to enhance the detection ability of the imaging system attenuation constant (α) of the wall is estimated with the proposed wall parameter estimation methods and used as a normalizing factor. To achieve effective beamforming different weighting strategies are developed and the obtained images are compared with the traditional beamforming. Furthermore, a novel approach to finding the effective rank in the low-rank estimation using a statistical model and multi-objective genetic algorithm is proposed for de-noising.
High Stress Deformation and Short‐Term Thermal Pulse Preserved in Pyroxene Microstructures From Exhumed Lower Crustal Seismogenic Faults (Lofoten, Norway)
Authors: Campbell L. R. , Menegon L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEarthquake rupture in strong, anhydrous lower continental crust requires high brittle failure stresses unless high pore fluid pressures are present. Several mechanisms proposed to generate high stresses at depth imply transient loading driven by a spectrum of stress changes, ranging from highly localized stress amplifications to crustal‐scale stress transfers. High transient stresses up to GPa magnitude are proposed by field and modeling studies, but the evidence for transient prerupture loading is often difficult to extract from the geological record due to overprinting by coseismic damage and slip. However, the local preservation of deformation microstructures indicative of crystal‐plastic and brittle deformation associated with the seismic cycle in the lower crust offers the opportunity to constrain the progression of deformation before, during and after rupture, including stress and temperature evolution. Here, detailed study of pyroxene microstructures characterizes the short‐term evolution of high‐stress deformation and temperature changes experienced before and during lower crustal earthquake rupture. Pyroxenes are sampled from pseudotachylyte‐bearing faults and damage zones of lower crustal earthquakes recorded in the exhumed granulite facies terrane of Lofoten, northern Norway. The progressive sequence of microstructures indicates localized high‐stress (at the GPa level) prerupture loading accommodated by low‐temperature plasticity, followed by coseismic pulverization‐style fragmentation and subsequent grain growth triggered by the short‐term heat pulse associated with frictional sliding. Thus, up to GPa‐level transient high stress (both differential and shear) leading to earthquake nucleation in the dry lower crust can occur in nature, and be preserved in the fault rock microstructure.
Sea Level Rise and the Great Barrier Reef: The Future Implications on Reef Tidal Dynamics
Authors: Mawson Eleanor E. , Lee Katherine C. , Hill Jon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPredicted sea‐level rise (SLR) is anticipated to alter tidal dynamics in the future and this will in turn alter coastal ecosystems, flood risk, and geomorphology. Coral reefs are bathymetrically complex environments where tides play a crucial role in larval and nutrient dispersal. This complexity makes coral reef environments challenging to simulate numerically as a large area needs to be simulated but also with high resolution to capture the complexity. To investigate the influence of SLR on tidal dynamics in coral reef systems we use an unstructured mesh numerical model, with spatially varying resolution, of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). The present‐day conditions and a total of three future SLR scenarios are considered based on the RCP scenarios. The results focus on the major tidal constituents and tidal range. The M2 constituent generally decreases across gauge locations as sea‐level rises but S2 generally increases. O1 and K1 display small variations or no change. The tidal range experiences ±10% variation depending on the gauge location, meaning it is spatially varying and alters SLR by up to 10%. Overall, SLR will influence tidal dynamics across the GBR altering coastal flooding risk with a spatially varying impact. Management schemes should consider tidal range changes in addition to increases in extreme weather conditions to provide adequate preservation of the coastline, coastal cities and infrastructure in the future. Moreover, changes in tidal patterns and dynamics may alter the distributions of reef spores and larvae and should be included in future plans of reef management.
Hydrology as a Driver of Floating River Plastic Transport
Authors: van Emmerik T. , de Lange S. , Frings R. , Schreyers L. , Aalderink H. , Leusink J. , Begemann F. , Hamers E. , Hauk R. , Janssens N. , Jansson P. , Joosse N. , Kelder D. , van der Kuijl T. , Lotcheris R. , Löhr A. , Mellink Y. , Pinto R. , Tasseron P. , Vos V. , Vriend P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPlastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems is a growing threat to ecosystem health and human livelihood. Recent studies show that the majority of environmental plastics accumulate within river systems for years, decades and potentially even longer. Long‐term and system‐scale observations are key to improve the understanding of transport and retention dynamics, to identify sources and sinks, and to assess potential risks. The goal of this study was to quantify and explain the variation in floating plastic transport in the Rhine‐Meuse delta, using a novel 1‐year observational data set. We found a strong positive correlations between floating plastic transport and discharge. During peak discharge events, plastic transport was found up to six times higher than under normal conditions. Plastic transport varied up to a factor four along the Rhine and Meuse rivers, which is hypothesized to be related to the complex river network, locations of urban areas, and tidal dynamics. Altogether, our findings demonstrate the important role of hydrology as driving force of plastic transport dynamics. Our study emphasizes the need for exploring other factors that may explain the spatiotemporal variation in floating plastic transport. The world's most polluted rivers are connected to the ocean through complex deltas. Providing reliable observations and data‐driven insights in the transport and dynamics are key to optimize plastic pollution prevention and reduction strategies. With our paper we aim to contribute to both advancing the fundamental understanding of plastic transport dynamics, and the establishment of long‐term and harmonized data collection at the river basin scale.
Molecular genetics of Parkinson’s disease: Contributions and global trends
Authors: Funayama Manabu , Nishioka Kenya , Li Yuanzhe , Hattori Nobutaka 
Published: July 2022

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by motor dysfunction. Aging is the greatest risk factor for developing PD. Recent molecular genetic studies have revealed that genetic factors, in addition to aging and environmental factors, play an important role in the development of the disorder. Studies of familial PD have identified approximately 20 different causative genes. PRKN is the most frequently detected causative gene in Japan. The PRKN gene is located at a common fragile site, and both copy number variants as well as single nucleotide variants are frequently detected. The location and variety of variant types makes an accurate genetic diagnosis difficult with conventional genetic testing. In sporadic PD, genome-wide association studies have revealed more than 200 genes that are potential drivers for the development of PD. Many of these studies have been conducted in Caucasian populations alone, which has limited the identification of all genetic risk factors for sporadic PD, particularly as genetic backgrounds vary widely by race. The Global Parkinson’s Genetics Program is a global undertaking meant to address the issue of regional differences in genetic studies of PD.
Light People: Professor Xianfeng Chen spoke about integrated photonics
Authors: Guo Chenzi 
Published: July 2022

EditorialIn 1969, Stewart E. Miller published “Integrated optics: an introduction”, which outlined a proposal for a miniature form of laser beam circuitry, marking the first research paper about what is now known as integrated photonics. Now half a century has passed, integrated photonics grew robustly from integrating a limited number of devices and functions towards versatile and industrialized photonic integrated circuits. In this interview, Light: Science & Applications invited Prof. Xianfeng Chen [see the “Short Bio” section] to share his insight about the past, present and future of integrated photonics.
Novel roles of LSECtin in gastric cancer cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and lymphatic metastasis
Authors: Zhang Yinan , Feng Zhen , Xu Yue , Jiang Sufen , Zhang Qianshi , Zhang Zhenyu , Wang Keyong , Li Xiaomeng , Xu Lijie , Yuan Menglang , Chen Zihao , Cui Jingyi , Wu Han , Gao Yina , Wei Wei , Wang Bo , Zuo Yunfei , Ren Shuangyi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLiver and lymph node sinusoidal endothelial cell C-type lectin (LSECtin) plays an important regulatory role in a variety of diseases, including tumors. However, the underlying mechanism of LSECtin in gastric cancer (GC) remains largely unknown. In our research, LSECtin promoted the adhesion and invasion of GC cells, and was involved in lymphatic metastasis of GC cells. Mechanistically, LSECtin promoted the adhesion, proliferation and migration of GC cells by downregulating STAT1 expression. The circular RNA circFBXL4, which is regulated by LSECtin, sponges the microRNA miR-146a-5p to regulate STAT1 expression. The promotion of GC cell proliferation, migration and invasion mediated by LSECtin was largely inhibited by circFBXL4 overexpression or miR-146a-5p silencing. Moreover, in its role as a transcription factor, STAT1 modulated the expression of FN1 and CHD4. In conclusion, LSECtin might be involved in the lymphatic metastasis of GC by upregulating the expression of FN1 and CHD4 via the circFBXL4/miR-146a-5p/STAT1 axis, possibly indicating a newly discovered pathogenic mechanism.