bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial and total defoliation during the filling period affected grain industrial and nutraceutical quality in soybean
Authors: Carrera Constanza S , Rosas María B , Gontijo Mandarino José M , Leite Rodrigo Santos , Raspa Francisco , Fava Fernando , Dardanelli Julio , Andrade Fernando 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDLittle is known about soybean grain chemical composition response to defoliation. The objectives of our study were: (i) to quantify the impact of different levels and timing of defoliation during the filling period on soybean grain yield and grain chemical content and composition, including protein, oil, fatty acids, and isoflavones; and (ii) to establish associations between them and the level and timing of defoliation.RESULTSYield and grain chemical components were reduced by defoliation treatments, these effects being more pronounced as defoliation increased. Mild defoliation (33%) caused small or non‐significant changes in yield, its components, protein, oil, and isoflavone contents and concentrations. However, it affected oil composition, increasing the degree of unsaturation, which became more accentuated as defoliation increased. Moderate defoliation (66%) produced similar relative reductions in protein and oil contents, with small effects in isoflavone content, resulting in a generally greater isoflavone concentration in defatted flour and a greater isoflavone/protein ratio in grain. Total defoliation (100%) produced greater relative reductions in oil and isoflavone contents than in protein content. These resulted in higher protein/oil ratio and protein concentration and lower isoflavone/protein ratio and isoflavone concentration. Analyzed variables were associated with cumulative solar radiation during grain filling; indeed, this parameter successfully captured the effects of defoliation intensity and timing.CONCLUSIONBy exploring different levels and timings of defoliation during the filling period, our study provides novel and important information regarding the impact of light interception decreases on grain chemical components, with special emphasis on nutraceuticals. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Investigating particle‐size‐induced changes in composition, physical, rheological, and bioactive properties of black tea powder
Authors: Zhu Hongkai , Chu Feiyang , Liu Jingyuan , Chen Lin , Ye Yang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDPeople brew tea to drink an infusion that only contains 25% water‐soluble constituents, leading to most of the insoluble materials being wasted. Tea powder could be drunk directly by mixing with water without producing any waste. Tea powder can also be used as a natural additive to improve the flavour and taste in beverages and foods. Much detailed information on the particle properties of tea powder is required with its increasing consumption. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of particle size ranging from median diameter D50 = 4.32 to 26.59 μm on the composition, physical, rheological, and bioactive properties of black tea powder.RESULTSThe results indicate that large powder sizes had high bulk density and flowability, whereas small powder sizes possessed good swelling ability and wettability. The contents of water extract, total polyphenols, crude fibre, catechins, and thearubigins reduced with a decrease in particle size. To change the particle size and concentration could adjust the elastic modulus and the viscous modulus of the black tea powder suspension. Moreover, black tea powder with small particle size could regulate blood lipids in a hyperlipidaemic rat model by lowering triacylglycerols and elevating high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, whereas large particles presented an advantage in reducing body weight.CONCLUSIONOur investigation extended the knowledge of commercial black tea powder in composition, physical, rheological, and bioactive properties. These results lay the foundation for future exploration of the use of tea powder in the food industry. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry
Tuneable N‐Substituted Polyamides with High Biomass Content via Ugi 4 Component Polymerization
Authors: MacKinnon Daniel , Zhao Tieshuai , Becer C. Remzi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUgi 4‐component reaction (Ugi 4CR) is an efficient tool which benefits from high atom efficiency, compatibility with green solvents such as methanol, simple purification, and a water side‐product. By using two bifunctional starting materials for Ugi 4CR, N‐substituted polyamides can be prepared via a step‐growth process. As polyamides play important roles in applications including films, and adhesives, the preparation of N‐substituted functional polyamides from largely sustainable monomers is investigated. Herein, the combination of renewable diamine, diacid, and aldehydes with commercially available isocyanides yield polyamides with tuneable side chain functionalities and ≈80% biomass content. Relatively high yields (up to 96%) are recorded for polymers of moderate molecular weights (Mw up to 8100 g mol−1). The prepared polyamides possess backbones which exhibit excellent thermal stability (Tdeg = 440 ± 10 °C), while functional side chains result in additional lower‐temperature degradations (215–285 °C). Side‐group variation enables shifting of the glass transition temperature (Tg) between 9 and 38 °C and causes variation in hydrophobicity resulting in water contact angles ranging from 47 o to 105 o. This work presents a reliable approach to prepare sustainable polymers with diverse side chain functionalities in a short reaction time and without need for catalysts or complicated purifications.
Parkinson's Disease Medication Prescribing and Administration During Unplanned Hospital Admissions
Authors: Richard Georgia , Redmond Aine , Penugonda Maitreyi , Bradley David 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease with a lifetime risk of 1% to 3%. Treatment includes supplementation of central dopaminergic neurotransmission with levodopa preparations and dopamine agonists. Misprescribing and delayed administration of these medications on admission to hospital can result in increased morbidity and mortality.ObjectiveWe aimed to assess the accuracy of time‐critical PD medication prescribing and administration during unplanned hospital admissions.MethodsPatients admitted during a 15‐month period with PD on time‐critical PD medications were included. Their electronic patient records were compared with the pharmacist medication reconciliation to assess accuracy of admission prescribing. Accuracy of administration was assessed by comparing the time medications were administered to the time they were due. Statistical Package for Social Sciences software was used to perform statistical analysis in this study.ResultsA total of 102 admissions of 70 patients (67% men) were included for analysis. These patients were on 1.6 ± 0.8 time‐critical PD medications before admission, accounting for 4.1 ± 1.8 administrations per day. Time‐critical medications were prescribed correctly on admission in 50% of admissions, with errors in medication timing most common (31.6%). Of all doses, 51.7% were administered >30 minutes late, and 29.7% of doses were administered >1 hour late. Female sex, a higher number of medications, and more frequent administrations were significantly associated with the rate of medication error.ConclusionThis study demonstrates high rates of inaccurate prescribing and inaccurate administration of time‐sensitive medication in a cohort of patients with PD admitted acutely to hospitals.
Custom Next‐Generation Sequencing Identifies Novel Mutations Expanding the Molecular and clinical spectrum of isolated Hearing Impairment or along with defects of the retina, the thyroid, and the kidneys
Authors: Said Mariem Ben , Ayed Ikhlas Ben , Elloumi Ines , Hasnaoui Mehdi , Souissi Amal , Idriss Nabil , Aloulou Hajer , Chabchoub Imen , Maâlej Bayen , Driss Dorra , Masmoudi Saber 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn the Tunisian population, the molecular analysis of hearing impairment remains based on conventional approaches, which makes the task laborious and enormously expensive. Exploration of the etiology of Hearing Impairment and the early diagnosis of causal mutations by next‐generation sequencing help significantly alleviate social and economic problems.MethodsWe elaborated a custom SureSelectQXT panel for next‐generation sequencing of the coding sequences of 42 genes involved in isolated hearing impairment or along with defects of the retina, the thyroid, and the kidneys.ResultsWe report eight pathogenic variants, four of which are novel in patients with isolated hearing impairment, hearing impairment, and renal tubular acidosis, Usher syndrome and Pendred syndrome. Functional studies using molecular modeling showed the severe impact of the novel missense mutations on the concerned proteins. Basically, we identified mutations in nuclear as well as mitochondrial genes in a Tunisian family with isolated hearing impairment, which explains definitely the phenotype detected since 2006.ConclusionOur results expanded the mutation spectrum and genotype‒phenotype correlation of isolated and syndromic hearing loss and also emphasized the importance of combining both targeted next‐generation sequencing and detailed clinical evaluation to elaborate a more accurate diagnosis for hearing impairment and related phenotypes especially in North African populations.
A vehicle‐mounted high power LPDA design for 8‐22 MHz applications
Authors: Zhu Wenjun , Guo Lixin , He Shaolin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe design of high‐power vehicle‐mounted log periodic dipole antenna for 8‐22 MHz use was discussed. It is shown that the antenna has a power endurance of 150 kW. With the application of the coefficients variation method, the total size of the proposal was shrunk to 12 × 18 m so that it can be mounted on a vehicle of 10 m long by an elevation tower. The voltage standing wave ratio over the entire frequency band is lower than 2.0 without utilizing any match network.
Registration of ‘White Pearl’ great northern common bean cultivar with upright plant architecture and high yield
Authors: Urrea Carlos A. , Pastor‐Corrales Marcial A. , Valentini Giseli , Xavier Larissa F.S. , Sanchez‐Betancourt Erika 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGreat northern common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar ‘White Pearl’ (Reg. no. CV‐343, PI 698189) was developed by the dry bean breeding program at the University of Nebraska and released in 2018. It was bred specifically for adaptation to western Nebraska growing conditions and for upright plant architecture, high yield, and enhanced resistance to bean rust, common bacterial blight (CBB), and Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV). Seed yield of White Pearl was comparable and slightly higher than other great northern cultivars in on‐station trials conducted in Nebraska and did not differ significantly in yield from ‘Aries’ and ‘Matterhorn’ in regional trials. Seed size (100‐seed weight) of White Pearl was larger than ‘Marquis’, ‘Orion’, ‘Gemini’, ‘Beryl‐R’, and Aries in trials grown in Nebraska. White Pearl carries the sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker SAP6 linked to a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for resistance to CBB. White Pearl had a CBB disease rating of 6.0 (intermediate) under field conditions at the Scottsbluff and Mitchell Ag Labs in 2020. White Pearl also has the Ur‐3 gene for resistance to bean rust and carries the SS68 Kompetitive Allele Specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) and SK14 SCAR markers linked to the Ur‐3 locus. It also contains the single dominant hypersensitive I gene that confers resistance to all non‐necrotic strains of BCMV and the SW13 SCAR marker linked to the I gene. White Pearl has bright white seed, blooms 46 d after planting, and is a midseason bean, maturing 89 d after planting.
Proteomic analysis suggests that monoterpenes in lemongrass disrupt Ca2+ homeostasis in Haemaphysalis longicornis leading to mitochondrial depolarization and cytotoxicity
Authors: Agwunobi Desmond O. , Li Mengxue , Wang Ningmei , Chang Guomin , Zhang Xiaojing , Xue Xiaomin , Yu Zhijun , Wang Hui , Liu Jingze 
Published: January 2022

AbstractComplex mixtures of bioactive ingredients in plant essential oils present complex chemistries which involve different modes of action. An increasing body of scientific reports has recently focused on the acaricidal activities of plant essential oils attributed to their monoterpene components, but information about their underlying molecular mechanism of action is scarce. Here, after the chemical analysis of lemongrass oil, a proteomic analysis of the ovary, salivary gland, and midgut of Haemaphysalis longicornis exposed to Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) essential oil was performed via data‐independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA‐MS) technology to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved. Pathway analysis reveals the activation of metabolic pathways mediated by oxidoreductases and transferases. Furthermore, the upregulation of various calcium‐associated proteins and the upregulation of cytochrome c1, cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide IV, and programmed cell death protein 6‐like isoform X1 suggest a cytotoxic mode of action via the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, mitochondrial uncoupling, and depolarization, and ATP depletion leading to either apoptotic or necrotic death. Morphological alterations observed after the RNAi of a major detoxification enzyme (glutathione S‐transferase) merit further investigation. Hence, the cytotoxic mode of action exhibited by C. citratus oil could be vital for the development of eco‐friendly acaricide.
Coarse‐grained approach to amorphous and anisotropic materials in kinetic Monte Carlo thin‐film growth simulations: A case study of TiO2and ZnO by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Budagosky Jorge , García‐Casas Xabier , Sánchez‐Valencia Juan R. , Barranco Ángel , Borrás Ana 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe growth of TiO2and ZnO thin films is studied by means of coarse‐grained kinetic Monte Carlo simulations under conditions typically encountered in plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition experiments. The basis of our approach is known to work well to simulate the growth of amorphous materials using cubic grids and is extended here to reproduce not only the morphological characteristics and scaling properties of amorphous TiO2but also the growth of polycrystalline ZnO with a good approximation, including the evolution of the film texture during growth and its dependence on experimental conditions. The results of the simulations have been compared with available experimental data obtained by X‐ray diffraction, analysis of the texture coefficients, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy.
Attitudes towards influenza and pneumococcal vaccines in parents of asthmatic children during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Özer Murat , Başkaya Nevzat , Bostancı İlknur 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the differences in attitudes and views towards influenza and pneumococcal vaccines in parents of children with asthma during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Materials and MethodsAsthmatic children in the 6–18 age group who were admitted to the pediatric allergy clinic of our hospital between October 1, 2020 and February 31, 2021 were included in the study. The parents were given a questionnaire asking about their demographics and medical history. Their attitudes and thoughts towards these two vaccines, both before and during the pandemic, and their COVID‐19 stories were questioned.ResultsA total of 78 patients diagnosed with asthma were included in this study. While the rate of influenza vaccination before the pandemic was 29.5%, the rate of those who received or wanted to receive influenza vaccine during the pandemic was 71.8% (p = 0.001). It was observed that the rate of influenza vaccination during the pandemic increased with the regular use of asthma medication, the presence of atopy, and a history of COVID‐19 infection in the family/close environment. In total, 69.2% of the parents stated that their child's pneumococcal vaccination was incomplete or they were unaware of their child's vaccination status.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that there was an increase in the rate and willingness of parents of asthmatic children to have their children vaccinated against influenza during the COVID‐19 pandemic. As for the pneumococcal vaccine, the majority of the parents did not have enough information or they were unaware of the vaccination status of their children.
Structural investigation on SPI‐6–associated Salmonella typhimuriumVirG‐like stress protein that promotes pathogen survival in macrophages
Authors: Ray Shilpa , Pandey Nishant Kumar , Kushwaha Gajraj Singh , Das Susmita , Ganguly Akshay Kumar , Vashi Nimi , Kumar Dhiraj , Suar Mrutyunjay , Bhavesh Neel Sarovar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEnteric microbial pathogenesis, remarkably a complex process, is achieved by virulence factors encoded by genes located within regions of the bacterial genome termed pathogenicity islands. Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPI) encodes proteins, that are essential virulence determinants for pathogen colonization and virulence. In addition to the well‐characterized SPI‐1 and SPI‐2 proteins, which are required for bacterial invasion and intracellular replication, respectively, SPI‐6 (formerly known as Salmonella enterica centisome 7 island [SCI]) encoding proteins are also known to play pivotal role in Salmonella pathogenesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of these proteins remained elusive. To gain molecular insights into SPI‐6–associated proteins, in this study, a SPI‐6 Salmonella typhimurium VirG‐like protein (STV) is characterized using interdisciplinary experimental approaches including X‐ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and infection assays. The high‐resolution crystal structure, determined by the single‐wavelength anomalous dispersion (SAD) method, reveals that STV belongs to the LTxxQ motif family. Solution‐state NMR spectroscopy studies reveal that STV form a dimer involving interconnected helices. Interestingly, functional studies show that STV influence pathogen persistence inside macrophages in vitro at later stages of infection. Altogether, our findings suggest that STV, a member of the LTxxQ stress protein family, modulates bacterial survival mechanism in macrophages through SPI‐1 and SPI‐2 genes, respectively.
A new hybrid copula‐based nonparametric Bayesian model for risk assessments of water inrush
Authors: Sun Jinglai , Wang Fan , Li Zequan , Ren Darui , Yu Mingyuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBayesian networks (BNs) can be automatically constructed with field data when the data can sufficiently support the objectivity of the model. However, in most risk assessments, field data cannot effectively support learning with BNs. In this paper, a new hybrid method is proposed to construct BNs and estimate the corresponding parameters considering the objectivity of field data and the accessibility of expert knowledge. This method is combined with the ISM‐K2 (interpretive structural model) algorithm, copula theory, and the nonparametric method. First, the ISM is used to identify the relationships among the directly and indirectly related variables (i.e., obtain the parent variable set). Second, based on the parent variable set, the K2 algorithm is used to construct BNs with the search volume reduced from an exponential to a quadratic form. Third, copula theory is introduced to consider several marginal distributions of variables, and a copula parameter is used to replace the multivariate joint cumulative distribution. The Gumbel copula function is first introduced to replace the often‐used normal copula function. Fourth, four types of distributions are utilized to fit the characteristics of the variables as the marginal distribution by using a nonparametric method. Finally, the proposed method was used to construct BNs for water inrush and estimate the risk of water inrush for a tunnel.
Monitoring logistic profiles in phase I using robust cluster‐based method
Authors: Saremian Davood , Noorossana Rassoul , Raissi Sadigh , Soleimani Paria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn order to monitor some qualitative characteristics, it is necessary to examine the relationship between a binary response variable and one or more descriptive variables. This relationship is referred to as a logistic profile in the literature of statistical process control. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is a commonly used method to estimate the parameters of logistic regression profiles. If there are outliers in a data set, this estimation method will not perform well in estimating parameters accurately. In this paper, we propose a robust cluster‐based method for monitoring logistic regression profiles in Phase I. We evaluate the performance of the proposed method versus the non‐cluster‐based methods using numerical simulation. The results show that the cluster‐based method improves the performance of control charts for monitoring logistic regression profiles and works well in detecting step shifts and outliers. This method is entirely superior to the non‐cluster‐based methods in estimating the parameters in the presence of outliers; and for medium to large shifts, it shows acceptable performance compared to the robust methods.
Effect of rotavirus genetic diversity on vaccine impact
Authors: Sadiq Asma , Bostan Nazish , Jadoon Khan  , Aziz Aamir 
Published: January 2022

SummaryGroup A rotaviruses (RVAs) are the leading cause of gastroenteritis, causing 0.2 million deaths and several million hospitalisations globally each year. Four rotavirus vaccines (RotarixTM, RotaTeqTM, Rotavac® and ROTASIIL®) have been pre‐qualified by the World Health Organization (WHO), but the two newly pre‐qualified vaccines (Rotavac® and ROTASIIL®) are currently only in use in Palestine and India, respectively. In 2009, WHO strongly proposed that rotavirus vaccines be included in the routine vaccination schedule of all countries around the world. By the end of 2019, a total of 108 countries had administered rotavirus vaccines, and 10 countries have currently been approved by Gavi for the introduction of rotavirus vaccine in the near future. With 39% of global coverage, rotavirus vaccines have had a substantial effect on diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in different geographical areas, although efficacy appears to be higher in high income settings. Due to the segmented RNA genome, the pattern of RVA genotypes in the human population is evolving through interspecies transmission and/or reassortment events for which the vaccine might be less effective in the future. However, despite the relative increase in some particular genotypes after rotavirus vaccine use, the overall efficacy of rotavirus mass vaccination worldwide has not been affected. Some of the challenges to improve the effect of current rotavirus vaccines can be solved in the future by new rotavirus vaccines and by vaccines currently in progress.