bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the poor texture and technological properties of chicken wooden breast by enzymatic hydrolysis and low‐frequency ultrasound
Authors: Lima Juliana L. , Bezerra Taliana K. A. , Carvalho Leila M. , Galvão Mércia S. , Lucena Lorena , Rocha Thayse C. , Estevez Mario , Madruga Marta S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWooden breast (WB) is a recurrent myopathy in fast‐growing birds, which alters the appearance, functionality, and the texture of the breast muscle. The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the effect of a combined use of papain enzyme and ultrasound on the texture of WB chicken using response surface methodology and (ii) to assess the effect of marinating on the quality of WB chicken meat. Full factorial experimental design method was used to obtain the ideal conditions to soften the WB meat. The independent variables were the concentration of papain (0.1%–0.3%) and the time in ultrasonic bath (10–30 min); shear force (SF) was the dependent variable. The optimum results were obtained at a concentration of 0.2% papain and 20 min on ultrasound. Papain enzyme had a great influence on the texture of WB meat, reducing its hardness. However, the effect of the ultrasound time on the SF response was not observed. The marinated WB meat showed similar SF values and texture profile than those from normal (N) meat, with reduction in the parameters of protein and lipid oxidation. The use of papain without ultrasound bath proved to be an efficient means for improving the tenderness of WB breasts.Practical ApplicationThis study shows the efficiency of the application of two technological procedures (enzymatic treatment and ultrasound) to improve the texture profile and technological properties of chicken breasts affected by the wooden breast myopathy. The economic loss caused by the world‐wide occurrence of wooden breast is enormous, and the application of papain has been found to counteract the impaired properties of this abnormal chicken breasts. Since papain is already widely used in the food industry to tenderize meat, its application in improving the quality of WB meat is straightforward.
Plant defences for enhanced integrated pest management in tomato
Authors: Tortorici Simona , Biondi Antonio , Pérez‐Hedo Meritxell , Larbat Romain , Zappalà Lucia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPlants developed a series of defence mechanisms to counteract the attack of herbivores. These can impact on food‐webs at various trophic levels, in both natural and managed ecosystems, such as crops. The biochemical and ecological bases behind these processes are reviewed here by highlighting the differences in direct and indirect, constitutive and induced defences. In integrated pest management (IPM), several pest control tools are applied in an economically sound way in order to increase the crop resilience and reduce reliance on synthetic pesticides. Plant resistance is thus a crucial aspect of preventive pest control strategies in several agroecosystems, including tomato. In this context, we review the current literature dealing with the physiology and biochemistry of tomato plants in terms of metabolite pathways and multitrophic interactions. We also describe recent advances in plant defence‐based control tools obtained by studying the multitrophic interactions between pests and plants in the tomato system.
Modulation of interleukin‐36 based inflammatory feedback loop through the hepatocyte‐derived IL‐36R‐P2X7R axis improves steatosis in alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Shang Yue , Yang Hong‐Xu , Li Xia , Zhang Yu , Chen Nan , Jiang Xue‐Li , Zhang Zhi‐Hong , Zuo Rong‐Mei , Wang Hui , Lan Xiao‐Qi , Ren Jie , Wu Yan‐Ling , Cui Zhen‐Yu , Nan Ji‐Xing , Lian Li‐Hua 
Published: April 2022

Background and PurposeInterleukin‐36 is induced by proinflammatory cytokines and promotes inflammatory responses, creating an IL‐36‐based inflammation loop. Although hepatocytes, produce IL‐36 responses to drug‐induced liver injury, little is known about the mechanistic role of IL‐36 signalling during the progression of alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH). Regarding IL‐36/IL‐36R and P2X7R coregulating the inflammatory response, we elucidated that modulation of IL‐36R‐P2X7R‐TLR axis affected hepatocyte steatosis as well as the IL‐36‐based inflammatory feedback loop that accompanies the onset of ASH.Experimental ApproachC57BL/6J mice were subjected to either chronic‐plus‐binge ethanol feeding or acute gavage with multiple doses of ethanol to establish ASH, followed by pharmacological inhibition or genetic silencing of IL‐36R and P2X7R. AML12 cells or mouse primary hepatocytes were stimulated with alcohol, LPS plus ATP or Poly(I:C) plus ATP, followed by silencing of IL‐36γ, IL‐36R or P2X7R.Key ResultsP2X7R and IL‐36R deficiency blocked the inflammatory loop, specifically initiated by IL‐36 cytokines, in hepatocytes of mice suffering from ASH. Pharmacological inhibition to P2X7R or IL‐36R alleviated lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in ASH. IL‐36R was indispensable for P2X7R modulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in ASH, and IL‐36 led to a vicious cycle of P2X7R‐driven inflammation in alcohol‐treated hepatocytes. TLR ligands promoted IL‐36γ production in hepatocytes, based on synergism with P2X7R.Conclusions and ImplicationsBlockade of IL‐36 based inflammatory feedback loop, via IL‐36R‐P2X7R‐TLRs‐modulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation, circumvented steatosis and inflammation that accompanies the onset of ASH, suggesting that targeting IL‐36 can serve as a novel therapeutic approach to combat ASH.
Caregiver or care receiver: Adolescents' experience of caregiving to a parent with severe mental illness: A qualitative study
Authors: Rahmani Farnaz , Roshanghar Fariborz , Gholizadeh Leila , Dickens Geoffrey L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExploring the experiences of adolescent caregivers of mentally ill parents is essential to understand their challenges and identify their care needs. Using a qualitative research design, 18 caregiving adolescents shared their experiences of living with and providing care to a parent with a severe mental illness. The analysis of the interviews resulted in the emergence of three main categories: (1) emotional exhaustion with associated subthemes of ‘ongoing worries’, ‘fear of loneliness’, ‘feeling of shame and guilt’ and ‘fear of discrimination and stigma’; (2) being trapped in a difficult situation with subthemes of ‘living a compromised life’, ‘alienating from peers’ and ‘caregiver rather than care receiver; and (3) adapting to the situation with subthemes of developing new skills and growing accountability. The study findings suggest that adolescent caregivers of parents with severe mental illness experience significant challenges and psychological distress associated with their caregiving role. They need to be supported by health care providers to develop strategies to adjust to their situation and maintain health and well‐being.
Scaling up qualitative research to harness the capacity of lay people in invasive plant management
Authors: Gill Nicholas , Chisholm Laurie , Atchison Jennifer , Graham Sonia , Hawkes Gina , Head Lesley , McKiernan Shaun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSuccessful management of invasive plants (IPs) requires the active participation of diverse communities across land tenures. This can be challenging because communities do not always share the views of scientists and managers. They may directly disagree, have alternative views, or be unwilling to manage IPs. Reviews of IP social science identify opportunities to better understand the role of cultural processes and everyday practices to address these challenges. To scale up and leverage the insights of existing qualitative social science IP research, we used meta‐ethnography to unlock accounts and interpretations of lay perspectives. Meta‐ethnography is a form of qualitative research synthesis increasingly used beyond its origins in health and education to produce interpretive syntheses of an area of research. In the 7 phases of meta‐ethnography, we systematically identified and synthesized 19 qualitative articles pertinent to lay experience and knowledge of IPs in diverse settings. Action and meaning regarding IPs were influenced by 6 meta‐themes in personal and social life: dissonance, priorities, difference, agency, responsibility, and future orientations. Through descriptions and examples of each meta‐theme, we demonstrated how the meta‐themes are higher level structuring concepts across the qualitative research that we analyzed and we retained grounding in the in‐depth qualitative research. We characterized the meta‐themes as leverage points and tensions by which we reframed lay people in terms of capacity for reflective IP management rather than as obstacles. The meta‐ethnography synthesis shows how leverage points and tensions emerge from everyday life and can frame alternative and meaningful starting points for both research and public engagement and deliberation regarding IP management. These insights are not a panacea, but open up new space for reflective and mutual consideration of how to effectively navigate often complex IP problems and address conservation and social and livelihood issues in dynamic social and physical environments.
Anatomical distribution of mandibular fractures from severe bicycling accidents: A 12‐year experience from a Norwegian level 1 trauma center
Authors: Døving Mats , Næss Ingar , Galteland Pål , Ramm‐Pettersen Jon , Dalby Marius , Utheim Tor Paaske , Skaga Nils Oddvar , Helseth Eirik , Sehic Amer 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground/AimThe mandible makes up a substantial part of the lower face, and is susceptible to injury. Even in helmeted cyclists, accidents may lead to fractures of the mandible because conventional helmets provide little protection to the lower part of the face. In addition, some studies indicate that helmets may lead to an increased risk of mandibular fractures. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the anatomic distribution of mandibular fractures in injured cyclists and to assess if helmet use influenced the fracture locations.Material and MethodsData from a Norwegian Level 1 trauma center were collected in the Oslo University Hospital Trauma Registry over a 12‐year period. Of 1543 injured cyclists, the electronic patient charts of 62 cyclists with fractures of the mandible were retrospectively evaluated in detail. Demographic data, helmet use, and fracture type were assessed.ResultsSixty‐two patients (4%) had fractures of the mandible, and women had an increased risk (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.49–4.16, p < .001). The most common fracture site was the mandibular body, followed by the condyle. Isolated mandibular fractures occurred in 45% of the patients and 55% had other concomitant facial fractures. There were 42% of the patients with fractures in multiple sites of the mandible, and 42% had a concomitant dentoalveolar injury. Half of the cyclists were wearing a helmet at the time of the accident and 39% were not. There was no significant difference in fracture distribution between the helmeted and non‐helmeted groups.ConclusionsFracture of the mandibular body was the most prevalent mandibular fracture type following bicycle accidents. Women had an increased risk of mandibular fractures compared with men, whereas helmet wearing did not affect the anatomical fracture site.
Tau and neurofilament light‐chain as fluid biomarkers in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
Authors: Garcia‐Moreno Hector , Prudencio Mercedes , Thomas‐Black Gilbert , Solanky Nita , Jansen‐West Karen R. , Hanna AL‐Shaikh Rana , Heslegrave Amanda , Zetterberg Henrik , Santana Magda M. , Pereira de Almeida Luis , Vasconcelos‐Ferreira Ana , Januário Cristina , Infante Jon , Faber Jennifer , Klockgether Thomas , Reetz Kathrin , Raposo Mafalda , Ferreira Ana F. , Lima Manuela , Schöls Ludger , Synofzik Matthis , Hübener‐Schmid Jeannette , Puschmann Andreas , Gorcenco Sorina , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Petrucelli Leonard , Giunti Paola 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeClinical trials in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) will require biomarkers for use as outcome measures.MethodsTo evaluate total tau (t‐tau), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin carboxy‐terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) and neurofilament light‐chain (NfL) as fluid biomarkers in SCA3, ATXN3 mutation carriers (n = 143) and controls (n = 172) were clinically assessed, and the plasma concentrations of the four proteins were analysed on the Simoa HD‐1 platform. Eleven ATXN3 mutation carrier cerebrospinal fluid samples were analysed for t‐tau and phosphorylated tau (p‐tau181). A transgenic SCA3 mouse model (MJDTg) was used to measure cerebellar t‐tau levels.ResultsPlasma t‐tau levels were higher in mutation carriers below the age of 50 compared to controls, and the Inventory of Non‐Ataxia Signs was associated with t‐tau in ataxic patients (p = 0.004). Pre‐ataxic carriers showed higher cerebrospinal fluid t‐tau and p‐tau181 concentrations compared to ataxic patients (p = 0.025 and p = 0.014, respectively). Cerebellar t‐tau was elevated in MJDTg mice compared to wild‐type (p = 0.033) only in the early stages of the disease. GFAP and UCHL1 did not show higher levels in mutation carriers compared to controls. Plasma NfL concentrations were higher in mutation carriers compared to controls, and differences were greater for younger carriers. The Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia was the strongest predictor of NfL in ataxic patients (p < 0.001).ConclusionOur results suggest that tau might be a marker of early disease stages in SCA3. NfL can discriminate mutation carriers from controls and is associated with different clinical variables. Longitudinal studies are required to confirm their potential role as biomarkers in clinical trials.
Effect of chronic ethanol ingestion on dendritic cell population during oral mucosal repair: An experimental study
Authors: Rosin Flávia Cristina Perillo , Borges Giuliana , Pelissari Cibele , Buck Marina Gabriela Teixeira , dos Santos Anaeliza Figueiredo , Rodrigues Lucimar , Luz João Gualberto C. , Corrêa Luciana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze the effect of chronic ethanol ingestion on dendritic cell repopulation during the repair process of rat oral mucosa and in the rat spleen by analyzing the immunohistochemical expression of dendritic cell markers. Wistar rats ingested 20% ethanol solution for 28 days; a surgical wound was performed on the rat tongue after this period. The repair process and the number of CD1a+, CD11c+, and CD207+ cells in the regions adjacent to the wound were determined at day 1, 3, and 7 following the wound as well as in the rat spleen. The wound‐only group (no ethanol exposure) had complete reepithelization after 7 days, but this did not occur in the ethanol + wound group at this time point. The inflammatory infiltrate was significantly reduced in animals exposed to ethanol, which also showed significantly lower counts of CD1a+, CD11c+, and CD207+ cells than the wound‐only group at all experimental time points. In addition, ethanol exposure also resulted in lower densities of CD11c+ and CD207+ cells in the rat spleen. In conclusion, chronic ethanol intake had a negative impact on dendritic cell numbers, a fact that may contribute to delay in oral mucosa repair.
Changes in Thoroughbred speed and stride characteristics over successive race starts and their association with musculoskeletal injury
Authors: Wong Adelene S. M. , Morrice‐West Ashleigh V. , Whitton R. Chris , Hitchens Peta L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundCertain stride characteristics have been shown to affect changes in biomechanical factors that are associated with injuries in human athletes. Determining the relationship between stride characteristics and musculoskeletal injury (MSI) may be key in limiting injury occurrence in the racehorse.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine whether changes in race day speed and stride characteristics over career race starts are associated with an increased risk of MSI in racehorses.Study designCase–control study.MethodsSpeed, stride length, and stride frequency data were obtained from the final 200 m sectional of n = 5660 race starts by n = 584 horses (case n = 146, control n = 438). Multivariable joint models, combining longitudinal and survival (time to injury) analysis, were generated. Hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) are presented.ResultsThe risk of MSI increased by 1.18 (95% CI 1.09, 1.28; P < 0.001) for each 0.1 m/s decrease in speed and by 1.11 (95% CI 1.02, 1.21; P = 0.01) for each 10 cm decrease in stride length over time (career race starts). A more marked rate of decline in speed and stride length was observed approximately 6 races prior to injury. Risk of MSI was highest early in the horse's racing career.Main limitationsOnly final sectional stride characteristics were assessed in the model. The model did not account for time between race starts.ConclusionsDecreasing speed and stride length over multiple races is associated with MSI in racehorses. Monitoring stride characteristics over time may be beneficial for the early detection of MSI.
An agent‐based model of police corruption
Authors: Duru Haci , Cochran Joseph 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPolice corruption, especially in the form of bribery, is a severe social problem in many societies. However, neither the extent nor the factors contributing to police bribery are well understood because of data limitation issues. Understandably, it is incredibly challenging to observe and quantify such bribery, as it is usually considered illegal and/or unethical for police to accept and/or ask for bribes. Agent‐based modelling can solve such data limitation issues because it allows for the realistic modelling of hidden behaviours. This study uses an agent‐based modelling technique to investigate a threshold model of police corruption, more specifically, bribery. The authors assume that agents have a threshold regarding bribery, which may be conceptualised as either an honesty threshold or a risk threshold. The threshold value is a dynamic variable randomly assigned to each agent, and each interaction between citizens and officers possesses the potential to change the threshold of each agent.
The stability of dry‐cured ham‐derived peptides and its anti‐inflammatory effect in RAW264.7 macrophage cells
Authors: Xing Lujuan , Fu Lijuan , Toldrá Fidel , Teng Shuang , Yin Yantao , Zhang Wangang 
Published: April 2022

SummaryXuanwei ham is a kind of traditional meat product with unique flavour along with abundant of bioactive peptides. This study was to investigate the in vitro stability of bioactive peptide extract from dry‐cured Xuanwei hams and its anti‐inflammatory effect in RAW264.7 cells. Firstly, the Xuanwei ham peptides (XHPs) were extracted and then tested in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced macrophage cell model. Furthermore, the XHPs were exposed to different pretreatments including heating, acid‐base environment and simulated gastrointestinal digestion to evaluate their inflammatory regulation capacity. The heating temperature and pH did not show significant effects on the anti‐inflammatory capacity of XHPs, whereas the secretion of NO and TNF‐α was not suppressed after heating at 100 °C for 60 min. After digestion, the numbers of free amino acids and short peptides were enhanced significantly and the XHPs showed better inhibitory effect on LPS‐induced NO and TNF‐α secretion. Overall, the heating and pH treatment had no significant influence on the stability of XHPs but the anti‐inflammatory effect was enhanced after the simulated gastrointestinal digestion along with the releasing of novel bioactive peptides.
Sun and convective mild air curing impact on Persian shallot quality changes and sprouting during postharvest storage
Authors: Bahadorzade Heyam , Koushesh Saba Mahmoud , Darvishi Hosain 
Published: April 2022

SummaryPersian shallot is a valuable vegetable because of its nutritional value and medicinal attributes, but it has a short storage life. In the current study, the effects of curing treatments on Persian shallot postharvest decay, sprouting, colour and biochemical changes were evaluated. Treatments included: control, sun curing and convective mild air curing at 40 and 50 °C with 1 m s−1 air velocity. The results showed that samples of sun curing were lost after 1 month of storage. The lowest level of decay was observed in curing at 40 °C, while the highest was in control. The sprouting was first observed in control at 4 months of storage, while no sprouting was observed in curing at 50 °C even after 6 months of storage. The amount of pyruvic acid, total phenol and firmness of tissue were increased during storage in all samples. The colour changes in the curing at 50 °C were more than the other treatments. The energy consumption for convective treatments was obtained as 31.25 and 40.83 MJ kg−1 fresh shallot for 40 and 50 °C respectively. These findings showed that mild air curing has the potential to extend shallot storage life.
Ten easy steps to conducting transparent, reproducible meta‐analyses for infant researchers
Authors: Gasparini Loretta , Tsuji Sho , Bergmann Christina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMeta‐analyses provide researchers with an overview of the body of evidence in a topic, with quantified estimates of effect sizes and the role of moderators, and weighting studies according to their precision. We provide a guide for conducting a transparent and reproducible meta‐analysis in the field of developmental psychology within the framework of the MetaLab platform, in 10 steps: (1) Choose a topic for your meta‐analysis, (2) Formulate your research question and specify inclusion criteria, (3) Preregister and document all stages of your meta‐analysis, (4) Conduct the literature search, (5) Collect and screen records, (6) Extract data from eligible studies, (7) Read the data into analysis software and compute effect sizes, (8) Visualize your data, (9) Create meta‐analytic models to assess the strength of the effect and investigate possible moderators, (10) Write up and promote your meta‐analysis. Meta‐analyses can inform future studies, through power calculations, by identifying robust methods and exposing research gaps. By adding a new meta‐analysis to MetaLab, datasets across multiple topics of developmental psychology can be synthesized, and the dataset can be maintained as a living, community‐augmented meta‐analysis to which researchers add new data, allowing for a cumulative approach to evidence synthesis.
Hybrid nesting control strategy for passenger railway with one‐seat‐one‐ticket restriction
Authors: Luo Yongji , Zhang Shoushuai , Yan Haifeng , Xue Feng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNesting control is one of the most prevalent quantity‐based controls for the revenue management problem. A popular nesting control strategy for multi‐resource problem is the virtual nesting control, which sets nested booking limits on each resource. However, this control was originally developed for the airline and cannot be directly used in the passenger railway with one‐seat‐one‐ticket restriction. Therefore, this paper develops a new nesting control that is applicable to the railway. The proposed control can nest the capacity over different fare classes and origin‐destination pairs, which overcomes the shortcomings of existing railway booking‐limit controls. Numerical experiments are conducted in various scenarios to evaluate the performance. The results show that the hybrid nesting control outperforms the others in all situations. In addition, the revenue improvement increases with the randomness of demand and discount percentage.