bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting titanium mesh cage subsidence in single-level anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament
Authors: Tang Yifan , Geng Xiangwu , Li Fengning , Sun Yanqing , Jia Lianshun , Zhou Shengyuan , Chen Xiongsheng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To analyze risk factors of titanium mesh cage (TMC) subsidence in single-level anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) for cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). Methods: TMC subsidence is defined as the reduction of the adjacent vertebral bodies by ≥ 2mm. Patients with cervical OPLL who were treated with single-level ACCF between January 2019 to May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed in two groups: patients with TMC subsidence as Group S, and patients with no TMC subsidence as Group N during the one-year follow-up period. The degree of distraction of surgical segment and correction of the cervical curvature was measured to analyze their relationship with TMC subsidence. Results: There was no significant difference in patient demographics and complications between the two groups. The degree of distraction in Group S was significantly higher than that in Group N. The change of C2 to C7 Cobb angle (α) in Group S was significantly greater than that in Group N, and the interspinous process distance (SPD) in Group S was also significantly greater than that in Group N. The JOA score and JOA recovery rate were not statistically different between the two groups.Conclusions: Intraoperative selection of overlength TMC in single-level ACCF for OPLL, over-distraction, and excessive correction of the cervical curvature may cause TMC subsidence after surgery. No significant impact of TMC subsidence on the surgical outcome was observed during the 1-year follow-up period.
Site effects assessment and soil-structure resonance in the old center of Algiers
Authors: Ait-Meziane Yamina , SOUICI Rania , Guessoum Nabila , Bouziane Djilali , Aourari Sahra 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
During earthquakes affecting urban areas, we often deplore damages to buildings. The pattern of these damages depends on the characteristics of the event, the site response, and the vulnerability of exposed structures. Algeria is among the countries having the highest seismic hazard in the Mediterranean basin. The old urban center of Algiers the capital of Algeria, is a densely populated district. Preserving human lives is therefore of primary importance. Soil-structure interaction is an important factor in site-wide risk assessment. When the ground and supported buildings have similar frequencies, this interaction induces a phenomenon called resonance. In this study, the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and the Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) of microtremors techniques were applied in order to evaluate the fundamental frequencies of the ground; as well as the fundamental, longitudinal, and transverse frequencies of each selected building. This investigation aimed to detect the existence of the resonance phenomenon. If we assume that the sample of buildings tested is representative of the urban district of the area studied, we can conclude that buildings in the old center of Algiers, are not exposed to a resonance phenomenon. The same conclusion was observed from the analysis of the results of the post-seismic investigations obtained from two major past earthquakes, El Asnamon 10/10/1980 and Boumerdeson 21/05/2003. The first one is considered as a distant event from Algiers, while the second one is at a nearby location.
Germline mutations directions are different between introns of the same gene: case study of the gene coding for amyloid-beta precursor protein
Authors: Khrustalev Vladislav Victorovich , Khrustaleva Tatyana Aleksandrovna , Popinako Anna Vladimirovna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) is highly conserved in mammals. This feature allowed us to compare nucleotide usage biases in 4-fold degenerated sites along the length of its coding region for 146 species of mammals and birds in search of fragments with significant deviations. Even though cytosine usage has the highest value in 4-fold degenerated sites in APP coding region from all tested placental mammals, in contrast to marsupial mammals with the bias toward thymine usage, the most frequent germline and somatic mutations in Human APP coding region are C to T and G to A transitions. The same mutational AT-pressure is characteristic for germline mutations in introns of Human APP gene. However, surprisingly, there are several exceptional introns with deviations in germline mutations rates. The most of those introns surround exons with exceptional biases in nucleotide usage in 4-fold degenerated sites. Existence of such fragments in exons 4 and 5, as well as in exon 14, can be connected with the presence of lncRNA genes in complementary strand of DNA. Exceptional nucleotide usage bias in exons 16 and 17 that contain a sequence encoding amyloid-beta peptides can be explained either by the presence of yet unmapped lncRNA(s), or by the autonomous expression of a short mRNA that encodes just C-terminal part of the APP providing an alternative source of amyloid-beta peptides. This hypothesis is supported by the increased rate of T to C transitions in introns 16–17 and 17–18 of Human APP gene relatively to other introns.
Integrated Global and Local Feature Extraction and Classification from Computerized Tomography (CT) Images for Lung Cancer Classification
Authors: M SureshKumar , Dahiya Deepak , P Shanmugapriya , R ReneRobin C 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Despite being the second most often diagnosed form of cancer, lung cancers are rarely found in the general population. It is proposed in this study to use CT scan images to extract a global as well as local feature extraction methodology for the identification of lung cancer. Data gathering, globalised and localised training as well as testing the model are all part of this structure. This study makes use of 800 CT scan images. An image is pre-processed by warping and cropping in advance of the global testing step. Each image is represented by a feature vector employing eight distinct types of image characteristics, which are taken from the images. After creating feature vectors, three machine learning methods are employed to create detection models. Every medical image has been partitioned over series of simple divisions throughout the training and testing process locally. To describe each block, feature vectors are derived from the image features that worked effectively in the general phase of the experiment. Similar extracted features are then used to build detection systems for all of the picture blocks using the learning strategies that were effective in the global stage. SVM using Haar Wavelet characteristics had an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 89%, 90%, and 89%, respectively. One might get 90% accurate results with SVM and 91% sensitive and 91% specific results using SVM plus HOG features. Finally, utilising SVM having the Gabor Filter characteristics got the greatest correctness, specificity, and sensitivity values as 87 percent, 86 percent, and 87 percent.
Enhanced RSA Algorithm for Data Security in the Internet of Things
Authors: Ullah Bashart , Mateen Abdul , Khalid Adia , Ullah Saeed , Adnan Rubina , Iqbal Javed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Various devices are linked together through a variety of networks in order to exchange data in the Internet of Things (IoT). Life has changed dramatically as a result of the IoT's quickly developing applications, making it more fanciful and akin to living in a virtual environment. IoT security may be a major concern because it allows access to anything from anywhere at any time. Different mechanisms are used, including encryption, to safeguard the data transmitted by various IoT devices. A straightforward piece of content can be transformed into an intangible one via encryption. Two frequently used methods of encryption are symmetric key and asymmetric key cryptography. Asymmetric cryptography uses two separate keys for encoding and unscrambling messages as opposed to symmetric key cryptography, which uses just one key for both encoding and decoding. To protect IoT data, several public key cryptography techniques are utilized. However, numerous studies have demonstrated that it is incredibly challenging to safeguard data while utilizing the fewest resources from hackers and other cybercriminals. This study presents a concise overview of many existing encryption techniques and highlights their shortcomings. Conjointly presents an improved Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) algorithm to dodge the limits of diverse factorization assaults by upgrading complications of the factorization handle by utilizing five prime numbers and a fake open key instead of the original key and imposter modulus in its place of the product of five prime numbers. The proposed algorithm generates keys a little more slowly than the other two RSA algorithms (Rivest et al., 1978) and (Ivy et al., 2012) due to the usage of additional prime numbers and the difficulty of factorization preparation. For encryption and unscrambling, the suggested calculation takes less time than RSA (Ivy et al., 2012), but it costs more than RSA (Rivest et al., 1978). Since the suggested calculation employs five prime numbers instead of RSA's two prime numbers, it takes longer to encrypt data and decrypt it than RSA (Rivest et al., 1978). But since security comes first, the longer encryption and decryption time is acceptable.
A low-return-period rainfall intensity formula for estimating the design return period of the combined interceptor sewers
Authors: Liu Xingpo , Ouyang Chenmeng , Zhou Yuwen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The design rainfall intensity and its return period of the combined interceptor sewer is an important factor affecting CSO occurrence. However, we often use the interceptor ratio (or interceptor multiple, n0) to design the interceptor sewer, and its equivalent design return period is often ignored. In this study, a low return period rainfall formula modeling method was proposed to estimate this return period. First, a new rainfall event separation approach was especially developed, and the minimum interevent time (MIET) was set to time of concentration of the tributary area corresponding to the most downstream interceptor well. Second, a new rainfall intensity sampling algorithm, annual multi - event - maxima (AMEM) sampling algorithm, was put forward. For this sampling algorithm, several maxima of rainfall intensity should be sampled annually, and only one maximum is sampled for each rainfall event. In addition, the empirical frequency values of the above sampled rainfall intensities can be obtained according to the mathematical expectation formula (Weibull formula). After comparison, the lognormal distribution was selected for the theoretical probability density function. Finally, parameters of the low return period rainfall intensity formula were estimated using three-parameter Horner formula and MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo) algorithm. A case study was conducted to demonstrate the proposed method based on the recorded rainfall data from a meteorological station in southwestern China. Results revealed that: (a) A MIET determination method was proposed according to the independence of CSO events. (b) An annual multi-event-maxima (AMEM) sampling was proposed for collecting samples of the low return period rainfall intensity. (3) For the case study, the best-fit distribution for the low return period rainfall intensity was the lognormal distribution. (4) The resulted low return period rainfall intensity formula in this study can be presented as i = 28.2852(1+0.882lgP) / t+28.662)0.921.
Sex Differences in Activation of Forebrain Orexin Targets During Hedonic Eating
Authors: Parsons William , Greiner Eliza , Buczek Laura , Migliaccio Jennifer , Corbett Erin , Madden Amanda , Petrovich Gorica D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Palatable foods can stimulate appetite without hunger, and unconstrained overeating underlies obesity and binge eating disorder. Women are more prone to obesity and binge eating than men but the neural causes of individual differences are unknown. In an animal model of hedonic eating, a prior study found that females were more susceptible than males to eat palatable food when sated and that the neuropeptide orexin/hypocretisn (ORX) was crucial in both sexes. The current study examined potential forebrain targets of ORX signaling during hedonic eating. We measured Fos induction in the cortical, thalamic, striatal, and amygdalar areas that receive substantial ORX inputs and contain their receptors in hungry and sated male and female rats during consumption of a palatable (high-sucrose) food. During the test, hungry rats of both sexes ate substantial amounts, and while sated males ate much less than hungry rats, sated females ate as much as hungry rats. The Fos induction analysis identified sex differences in recruitment of specific areas of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT), nucleus accumbens (ACB), and central nucleus of the amygdala (CEA), and similar patterns across sexes in the insular cortex and areas of the ACB and CEA. There was a striking activation of the mPFC in sated males, who consumed the least amount food and unique correlations between the PVT and the CEA in females and the PVT and ACB in males. The study identified key functional circuits that may drive hedonic eating in a sex specific manner.
Molecular level hybridized hydrophobic ceramics for corrosion protection
Authors: Ruan Shengqian , Chen Shikun , Zhang Yajun , Yan Dongming , Liu Yi , Liu Xiaofeng , Hosono Hideo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hydrophobic ceramics with low surface energies have a broad range of applications in both industry and domestic fields. However, the common surface-treatment-based hydrophobic ceramics are usually vulnerable and easy to lose functions due to surficial mechanical damages. To address this challenge, here we propose a new strategy to produce intrinsically hybrid hydrophobic ceramics by leveraging alkylated-geopolymerization. As proof-of-concept, we designed and synthesized an alkylated-geopolymer (AGP) based ceramic with excellent waterproof performance and damage tolerance. Microstructure characterizations reveal that this organic-inorganic hybrid ceramic contains hybridized inorganic aluminosilicate networks and the alkylated-silicate units at the molecular scale, offering benefits of high hydrophobicity and functional robustness. The geopolymerization-mediated synthetic route demonstrate here enables a facile access to robust hybrid coating materials for enduring protection of metallic surfaces from corrosion in thermal environments (< 350°C) with high humidity. Furthermore, our work also opens new avenues for designing of new functional ceramics from the molecular scale by a clean and low-cost procedure.
Hydroxyapatite Based Composites for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Mostafa Sahar , Ismail Marwa S. , Mohammed Hagag A. , Osman Manal F. , Elwassefy Noha A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aim of study:
Preparation and characterization of the new nanocomposite, magneto-hydroxyapatite-alendronate (mag-HA-Ald np), for bone tissue scaffolds formation.
Material and methods
Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 np) were added to aqueous solutions of Ca(NO3)2.4H2O and (NH4)2HPO4 for obtaining mag-HA np. The target nanocomposites, mag-HA-Ald np, were synthesized by using aqueous solution of alendronate (Ald), with different ratios. The structure of the prepared nanocomposites were investigated based on spectral (FTIR, XRD, SEM) and EDX analysis. The cytotoxicity of the nanocomposites were performed using MTT assay, to detect the effect of magnetic field application on the cell viability; two culture methods were applied (with and without magnetic field exposure).
Results
The spectral, FTIR, XRD, SEM as well as EDX measurements confirmed the synthesis of nanocomposite, magneto-hydroxyapatite-alendronate (mag-HA-Ald np) with different ratios. MTT assay results suggested the positive correlation between Ald and iron oxide content with cell viability. In addition, Magnetic field application significantly decreases the cell viability in all groups in comparison to non- magnetic field application.
The Geometry of Inextensible Flows of Timelike Curves according to Quasi Frame in Minkowski space $\mathbb{R}^{2,1}$
Authors: Gaber Samah , Sorour Adel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we study the geometry of the motion of timelike curves by quasi-frame according to the velocity and acceleration fields in Minkowski space $\mathbb{R}^{2,1}$. We study the timelike curves and get sufficient conditions to be inextensible. Also, we obtain the explicit form of the evolution equations for quasi orthonormal vectors (tangent, quasi-normal, and quasi binormal) of the quasi-timelike curve and the evolution equations of the quasi curvatures as a system of partial differential equations. We give new applications to the motion of quasi-timelike curves according to quasi-frame by velocity fields and acceleration fields.Mathematics subject classification 2020: 53A04;53A05; 53E10; 53Z05.
Health-related quality of life decreases in young people with asthma during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood: a birth cohort study
Authors: Ödling Maria , Andersson Niklas , Janson Christer , Melén Erik , Bergström Anna , Kull Inger 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: During the transition from paediatric to adult healthcare there is a gap between asthma guidelines and actual management with decreased healthcare consultations and dispensations of asthma medications after the transition to adult healthcare among young people with asthma. How health-related quality of life (HRQoL) develops during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood is unclear. Our aim was therefore to investigate HRQoL among young people with asthma during the transition to adulthood. Further, to assess if level of asthma control and physical activity influence any potential association between asthma and HRQoL.Methods: The study population consisted of 2,268 participants from the ongoing Swedish population-based prospective birth cohort BAMSE (Barn/Child, Allergy, Milieu, Stockholm, Epidemiology). HRQoL was measured using the instrument EQ-5D-3L and three general questions. The EQ-5D-3L consists of the EQ-5D descriptive system and the EQ visual analogue scale (EQ VAS). The EQ-5D-3L instrument and questions on general health, symptoms and treatment of asthma, and lifestyle factors were based on data from follow-ups at 16 and 24 years. Group-wise comparisons were made.Results: At the 24-year follow-up, the adjusted median values of EQ VAS were lower compared with at the 16-year follow-up; among both participants with asthma (80 vs. 85, p < 0.01) and those without asthma (80 vs. 87, p < 0.01).At the 24-year follow-up, participants with uncontrolled asthma had a lower adjusted median EQ VAS score than peers with controlled/partly controlled asthma (75 vs. 80, p = 0.03). Further, young adults with asthma who did not fulfil the WHO recommendations on physical activity had lower EQ VAS scores than peers who did (70 vs. 80, p < 0.01).Conclusions: HRQoL is lower in young adulthood than in adolescence. Young adults with asthma having uncontrolled disease or who are physically inactive appear to be particularly vulnerable.
Nocardiopsis akebiae sp. nov., a novel endophytic actinomycete isolated from fruits of Akebia trifoliate
Authors: Mo Ping , Zhou Jinhua , Zhou Fumin , He Jiang , Zou Wansheng , Gao Jian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A novel actinobacterium, designated strain HDS12T, was isolated from fruits collected from Changde city located in the northwest of Hunan Province, China and characterized using a polyphasic approach. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain HDS12T belonged to the genus Nocardiopsis, and had highest similarities to N. dassonvillei subsp. dassonvillei CGMCC 4.1231T (99.79%), N. deserti H13T (99.73%), N. alborubida NBRC 13392T (99.66%), N. dassonvillei subsp. crassaminis D1T (99.64%), N. synnemataformans DSM 44143T (99.45%), N. lucentensis DSM 44048T (99.04%), N. aegyptia DSM 44442T (98.90%), N. flavescens CGMCC 4.5723T (98.76%), N. alba DSM 43377T (98.69%) and N. halotolerans DSM 44410T (98.63%), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain HDS12T formed an independent subclade, suggesting that strain HDS12T could belong to a potential novel species. Phylogenomic analysis demonstrated that strain HDS12T was closely related to N. dassonvillei subsp. dassonvillei CGMCC 4.1231T and N. dassonvillei subsp. crassaminis D1T. However, the average nucleotide identity value and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization value between them were well below 95–96% and 70% cut-off point recommended for delineating species. Based on its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain HDS12T (=MCCC 1K06173T = JCM 34708T) represents the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Nocardiopsis akebiae sp. nov. is proposed.
Prevalence of suicidality, depression, and anxiety among Hong Kong veterinarians
Authors: Chan Camille K.Y. , Wong Paul W.C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The suicidality and poor mental health conditions of the veterinary profession have drawn increasing attention; however, little is known about the mental health status of veterinarians in Hong Kong. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of suicidality and symptoms of depression and anxiety among Hong Kong veterinarians
Methods
All veterinarians were registered and practising in Hong Kong at the time of recruitment to the e-survey study.
Results
Data from 56 participants were included in the analysis. Among them, 22.0% self-reported as at risk of suicide, 19.6% had current suicidal ideation, and 29.4% and 23.5% had depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Our findings were comparable to or higher than those reported in Anglophone and European countries.
Conclusion
Contextual factors affecting the mental health of veterinarians practising in Hong Kong are worth further investigation. It is important to enhance mental health awareness by improving the profession’s mental health literacy as a suicide prevention strategy.
Changes in tube feet skeletons during growth in Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus
Authors: Kawasaki Shinichiro , Yamanaka Akira , Kitazawa Chisato 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A feature of the Echinodermata is the presence of a water vascular system; the tube feet are the terminal structure of this system and are an organ used for movement, attachment to a substance, and feeding. The tube foot possesses calcite skeletons in the sucker (disk skeleton consisting of rosettes and frames) and basal connective tissue (spicules); however, details of the skeletal elements have not yet been studied. We analyzed the relationship between morphology and the amount of skeleton in the tube feet and other regions by investigating growth in Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus (family Strongylocentrotidae). The tube foot disk skeleton consisted of three or four rosettes with some distal projections. Approximately 98% of tube feet spicules showed a ‘C’ shape, while the remainder exhibited an ‘S’, ‘bow’ or ‘triradiate’ shape (n = 24 sea urchins). The tube feet in the oral region possessed bigger distal skeletons and approximately twice the number of spicules than those of the lateral and aboral regions. With growth, the diameter of the distal skeleton increased to four rosettes. The number of spicules in the tube feet increased significantly with a test diameter up to 20–30 mm, and thereafter decreased, but beyond a test diameter of 35 mm the number of spicules again increased. These results suggest that test growth may cause the observed fluctuation in the number of tube feet spicules, and that sea urchins accumulate calcium carbonate as the tube feet skeleton for test growth.