bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of a possible local extinction in the north of Chile? The case of the tenebrionid Praocis (Orthogonoderes) insularis Kulzer, 1958 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Pizarro-Araya Jaime , Alfaro Fermín M. , Flores Gustavo E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
There are numerous causes of the extinction of insects, including the loss, degradation, and fragmentation of habitats, phenomena that have increased during the Anthropocene. Here we examine the current status of Praocis (Orthogonoderes) insularis Kulzer, 1958 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), an endemic element of the Chilean coastal desert described in 1958. This species has been recorded only on Guacolda Island (Atacama Region, Chile), whose insular ecosystem has been drastically modified by coastal mining interventions. This article includes a redescription of the species, a habitus picture of the species, a map of the sites where we have searched for Praocis (Orthogonoderes) insularis in the past 15 years, and current photos of its habitat on Guacolda Island.Implications for insect conservation We provide evidence regarding the local extinction of this species in an environment that has been greatly modified in the past 60 years. We also discuss the modifications to its habitat and the causes of a possible first local extinction of an insect in Chile.
In-silico design of a multi-epitope recombinant vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 targeting the receptor-binding domain
Authors: Pande Harshawardhan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has posed several challenges in the development of efficacious epitope-based vaccines. While multiple bioinformatic studies have attempted to predict epitopes, they have focused on the whole spike protein without considering antibody-mediated enhancement or Th-2 immunopathology, and some have missed some important but less antigenic epitopes in the receptor binding domain. Therefore, this study used in-silico methods to design and evaluate a potential multiepitope vaccine that specifically targets the receptor-binding domain due to its critical function in viral entry. Immunoinformatic tools were used to specifically examine the receptor-binding domain of the surface glycoprotein for suitable T cell and B cell epitopes. The selected 5 B cell and 8 T cell epitopes were then constructed into a subunit vaccine and appropriate adjuvants along with the universal immunogenic PADRE sequence were added to boost efficacy. The structure of the vaccine construct was predicted through a de-novo approach and molecular docking simulations were performed which demonstrated high-affinity binding to TLR 5 receptor and appropriate HLA proteins. Finally, the vaccine candidate was cloned into an expression vector for use as a recombinant vaccine. Similarities to some recent epitope mapping studies suggest a high potential for eliciting neutralizing antibodies and generating a favorable overall immune response.
Dissecting mortalities and injuries: Spatio-temporal hotspots detection of traffic accidents casualties in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alghafees Mohammad A. , Alwatban Saud , Rizk Ahmed 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Traffic accidents (TA) are one of the leading causes of mortality in Saudi Arabia. Despite the state efforts to combat this issue, a dearth of knowledge on TA's spatial and temporal patterns in Saudi Arabia is present.This study aims to detect significant Spatio-temporal TA casualties' hotspots to increase the understanding of moralities and injuries' trends.Methods: We used machine-learning models to detect the significant temporal anomalies in casualties. Afterwards, we performed spatial analysis (Local Moran's I, Getis-Ord Gi*) to detect Spatio-temporal hotspot in casualties.Results: TA casualties are steadily declining. However, annual spikes in the month of Ramadan are present. Spatial analysis suggests that TA casualties are associated with population count and location. Urban centers have higher casualties due to high population count. Aggregating TA casualties per capita shows that these regions have in reality the lowest rates of casualties, and rural regions in the north are more impacted by TA.
Effect on Heart Rate Variability due to Mobile usage and mitigation with Envirochip
Authors: Rana Sunita , Chandra Praveen , chhabra Abhinav , Chopra Saurabh , Chauhan Nagendra , Sardana Kanika 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Widespread use of Mobile phones and digital technology has warranted the research on the possible side effects of the excessive use of the technology. At the same time, it is imperative to find out ways to minimize the damage caused by excessive exposure. Many studies have reported various health problems due to the excessive use of Mobile Phones and Wi-Fi devices. These problems may range from headache, dizziness, lack of sleep, heart diseases, memory loss, and concentration issues to cancer in extreme cases. In this study, we have analyzed the effect of Mobile and Wi-Fi radiations on HRV and the efficacy of Envirochip which claims to neutralize the harmful impact of Mobile Phone and Wi-Fi Radiations. The study was done on 77 participants and the data was taken under three conditions (normal reading, reading with Mobile Phone and the reading with Envirochip fixed on the Mobile Phone). The study revealed that there was a reduction in the average HRV of the participants when they were talking on the Mobile Phone and an increase in the average HRV of the participants was seen when Envirochip was fixed on the Mobile Phones and the nearby Wi-Fi devices. However, a study on larger sample size is required to validate the finding of this pilot study.
Identification of key genes and signaling pathways in regulatory T cells with the knockout of IL23R
Authors: Wang Mengshan , Chung Andrew 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
IL-23R has been found to contribute to susceptibility to cancer such as leukemia. However, the mechanism of IL23R in Regulatory T cells (Tregs) of cancers is still unknown. Here, our objective is to identify the key molecules, biological processes, and signaling pathways by analyzing the RNA-seq data. The GSE197287 was created by the Illumina HiSeq 4000 (Mus musculus). The gene enrichment analyses showed that autophagy and yersinia infection are the main signaling pathways in the Tregs with the knockout of IL23R. In addition, we identified the top ten interactive molecules including CDK1, POLR2A, FN1, MAPK8, CUL3, BARD1, TPX2, TRAF6, DTL, and MCM5. This study may benefit the clinical work of the treatment of leukemia.
Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions in nine fields of activity to decrease SARS-CoV-2 transmission (Spain, September 2020 - May 2021)
Authors: Barbeito Inés , Precioso Daniel , Sierra María José , Vegas-Azcárate Susana , Balbuena Sonia Fernández , Vitoriano Begoña , Goméz-Ullate David , Cao Ricardo , Monge Susana , Spain Study Group for Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions in 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
We estimated the association between the level of restriction in nine different fields of activity and SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility in Spain, from 15 September 2020 to 9 May 2021.
Methods
A stringency index (0 to 1) was created for mobility, social distancing, commerce, indoor and outdoor bars and restaurants, culture and leisure, worship and ceremonies, indoor and outdoor sports, for each Spanish province (n = 50) daily. The logarithmic return (LR) of the weekly percentage variation of the 7-days COVID-19 cumulative incidence was used to measure COVID-19 transmission, lagged 12 days behind the stringency index. A hierarchical multiplicative model was fitted, and the median of coefficients across provinces (with 95% bootstrap confidence intervals) was used to quantify the effect of increasing one standard deviation (1SD) in the stringency index in each field.
Results
Highest levels of restriction were seen in mobility, sports and restaurants, particularly indoors. The increase in restrictions overall reduced SARS-CoV-2 transmission by 22% (RR = 0.78; one-sided 95%CI: 0,0.82) in one week, with highest effects for culture and leisure 14% (0.86; 0,0.98), social distancing 13% (0.87; 0,0.95), indoor restaurants 10% (0.90; 0,0.95) and indoor sports 6% (0.94; 0,0.98). In a reduced model with seven fields, culture and leisure no longer had a significant effect while ceremonies decreased transmission by 5% (0.95; 0,0.96). Models R2 was around 70%.
Conclusion
Increased restrictions decreased COVID-19 transmission. Limitations include remaining collinearity between fields, and somewhat artificial quantification of qualitative restrictions, so the exact attribution of the effect to specific areas must be done with caution.
The effect of machine learning tools for evidence synthesis on resource use and time-to-completion: protocol for a retrospective pilot study
Authors: Muller Ashley Elizabeth , Berg Rigmor C , Meneses-Echavez Jose Francisco , Ames Heather M. R. , Borge Tiril C. , Jardim Patricia Sofia Jacobsen , Cooper Chris , Rose Christopher James 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Machine learning (ML) tools exist that can reduce or replace human activities in repetitive or complex tasks. Yet ML is underutilized within evidence synthesis, despite the steadily growing rate of primary study publication and need to periodically update reviews to reflect new evidence. Underutilization may be partially explained by a paucity of evidence on how ML tools can reduce resource use and time-to-completion of reviews.Study design and setting: This protocol describes how we will answer two research questions using a retrospective study design: Is there a difference in resources used to produce reviews using recommended ML versus not using ML, and is there a difference in time-to-completion? We will also compare recommended ML use to non-recommended ML use that merely adds ML use to existing procedures. We will retrospectively include all reviews conducted at our institute from 1 August 2020, corresponding to the commission of the first review in our institute that used ML. We will use the results from this study to design a rigorous, multi-institutional, prospective study that will additionally explore review quality.Conclusion: We invite other evidence synthesis groups to adopt and adapt this protocol and to collaborate with us.
COVID-19 unanticipated benefits to hand washing coverage and practices in Health Care Facilities in central Uganda
Authors: Nassolo Noe , Walekhwa Abel Wilson , Kizza Frank Gramsen , Osuret Jimmy 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Over 50% of Healthcare-Associated Infections happen due to the hand of healthcare providers. The majority of health care workers end up not washing their hands because of different reasons. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the proportion of handwashing coverage and the associated factors among health care workers in public and private health care facilities in Ndejje division, Makindye Ssabagabo municipality, Wakiso district. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted employing both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. A total of 350 health care workers were interviewed using a self-administered structured open-ended paper questionnaire. Focus Group Discussions (FGD) guide and an observation paper checklist were also employed for data collection process. The quantitative data was entered in Epidata and exported to SPSS for descriptive univariate analysis. The qualitative data was analyzed manually by thematic analysis to generate codes, subthemes, and key themes. Our results showed that female health care workers constituted the majority of the respondents 205 (58.6%). The majority 324 (92.6%) of health care workers were from private health facilities. We found out that the proportion of handwashing facilities coverage was 97.7%. Removal of germs 317 (95.5%) was reported as the major reason for washing hands. Health care workers reported that handwashing with soap and water was at times being substituted with the use of a hand sanitizer due to its convenience. The proportion of handwashing was good coupled with positive attitude towards handwashing. Being a nurse was highly associated with washing hands in both private and public health facilities. High hand washing proportion was attributed to the COVID-19 guidelines which sparked adherence to the standard operating procedures. Different stakeholders should sustain this current handwashing which will curb Water, Sanitation and Hygiene related diseases.
The role of plasmonic metal-oxides core-shell nanoparticles on the optical absorption of Perovskite solar cells
Authors: Ullah Ihsan , Saghaei Hamed , Khan Jahangeer , Shah Said Karim 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Among all the different methods to enhance the optical absorption of photovoltaic devices. The plasmonic effect is one the most prominent and effective ways to capture more incident light and also provide good carrier dynamic management. Here, we systematically introduce spherical gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with different radii in the absorber layer of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The overall enhanced optical absorption of around 14.20% and 20.02% is achieved for incorporated monolayer and bilayer Au NPs, respectively, in the active layer compared to the pure perovskite layer. Moreover, we employ the metal (Au)-dielectric (TiO2 and SiO2) nanoparticles in the absorber layer. The optical absorption increases as the core-shell size decreases. The optical absorption elevates in both Au@TiO2 core-shell and Au@SiO2 core-shell 17.5% and 3.5%, respectively. These results support superior separation and transfer of charge in the existence of plasmonic NPs. In addition, this study presents a very sophisticated approach in the optical enhancement of PSCs and thus helps to boost the overall photovoltaic device performance.
Super-resolution stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy
Authors: Shi Lingyan , Jang Hongje , Li Yajuan , Fung Anthony , Skowronska-Krawczyk Dorota , Bagheri Pegah , Hoang Khang , Wu Jane , Bintu Bogdan , Cheng xiaoping 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Unlike traditionally-mapped Raman imaging, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging achieved the capability of imaging metabolic dynamics and a greatly improved signal-noise-ratio. However, its spatial resolution is still limited by the numerical aperture or scattering cross-section. To achieve super-resolved SRS imaging, we developed a new deconvolution algorithm – Adam optimization-based Pointillism Deconvolution (A-PoD) – for SRS imaging, and demonstrated a spatial resolution of 52 nm on polystyrene beads. By applying A-PoD to spatially correlated multi-photon fluorescence (MPF) imaging and deuterium oxide (D2O)-probed SRS (DO-SRS) imaging data from diverse samples, we compared nanoscopic distributions of proteins and lipids in cells and subcellular organelles. We successfully differentiated newly synthesized lipids in lipid droplets using A-PoD coupled with DO-SRS. The A-PoD-enhanced DO-SRS imaging method was also applied to reveal the metabolic change in brain samples from Drosophila on different diets. This new approach allows us to quantitatively measure the nanoscopic co-localization of biomolecules and metabolic dynamics in organelles. We expect that the A-PoD algorithm will have a wide range of applications, from nano-scale measurements of biomolecules to processing astronomical images.
Removal of sediment through hydro-suction revisited: An extensive review of the hydro-suctioning method, widely used for sediment removal from the water bodies
Authors: Jaiswal Akash , Ahmad Z. , Mishra S. K. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Hydro-suctioning is used to remove the deposited sediment from water bodies. A suction pipe is placed on/above/below the sediment bed, and deposited sediment is removed using suction. The sediment movement during hydro-suction, flow pattern, temporal sediment concentration, and scour profile are reviewed extensively and summarized in this paper. It is seen that the sediment removal initiates due to lift forces and continues further due to a change in flow field that creates sediment resuspension. The sediment removal ceases if the suction inlet reaches a distance, i.e., critical suction inlet depth. Within this critical zone, when the hydro-suction initiates, sediment just below the suction pipe is first removed, leading to the maximum scour depth, i.e., below the sediment bed level. In this process, sediment from sides of the scour hole is hydrodynamically dragged towards the center, where it gets deposited, and a hump is formed at the center. At equilibrium, the sediment removal ceases. This paper discusses the equations predicting scour profile and critical inlet depth. It is seen that the research work dealing with the standardization of hydro-suction for fixation of suction pipe diameter, suction inlet depth, discharge, etc. is in quite a primitive stage and needs urgent attention.
Reciprocating subsurface-flow constructed wetlands: a microcosm treatability study
Authors: Behrends Leslie , Houke Laura , Bailey Earl , Jansen Pat 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Two batch-loaded microcosm treatability studies of eight days' duration (192 hours) were conducted concurrently from July 26 through August 3 in an environmentally controlled greenhouse at the Tennessee Valley Authority's (TVA) Constructed Wetlands Research Facility in Muscle Shoals, Alabama, USA. These, the first of five treatability studies, were conducted in batch-loaded wetland microcosms, with and without reciprocation. Reciprocation refers to the process of filling and draining paired wetland cells on a recurrent and timed basis to facilitate passive aeration of fixed microbial biofilms during the drain phase and oxygen depletion during the fill phase. The study was designed to simultaneously evaluate the influence of three treatment parameters with respect to removal dynamics of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total ammonia-nitrogen (TAN), nitrate-nitrogen, and orthophosphorus. The treatment parameters evaluated included four COD concentrations, two reciprocation cycle times, and the presence or absence of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), a plant with an anoxic rootzone. Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, redox potential, and evapotranspiration were also monitored. Results showed that treatments with reciprocation vs. no reciprocation provided significantly enhanced aerobic and anoxic treatment of wastewater and improved removal of COD and ammonium, irrespective of initial COD concentrations or planted vs. not planted with P. arundinacea. Treatments with P. arundinacea had less accumulation of nitrate nitrogen; less than 0.4 mg/L., while reciprocating treatments without P. arundinacea accumulated from 15–26 mg/L nitrate nitrogen over the 192-hour treatment period.
A Comprehensive Computational Perspective in Drug Discovery for
Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Selvaraj Manikandan , Sadasivam Karthik , Jothimani Muralidharan , Muthusamy Karthikeyan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), the most common and major disability issue in our society,
has a substantial economic impact. Despite substantial advances in aetiology, diagnosis, and therapy,
the fundamental causes of the disease remain unknown, accurate biomarkers are not well characterized,
and current pharmaceutical medications are not cost-effective. Effective care for Alzheimer's
disease and other types of dementia is crucial for patients' long-term health. Pathogenesis advances
have aroused the scientific community's interest in the creation of new pharmacological
treatments that target recognized disease targets throughout the previous two decades. Pharmacological
therapy has recently been assigned 10 - 20% of the direct costs of AD. Less than 20% of Alzheimer's
patients respond somewhat to standard medicines with questionable cost-effectiveness
(donepezil, galantamine, memantine and rivastigmine). Therefore, currently known treatment approaches
address the condition indirectly, as acetyl cholinesterase related inhibitors and the Nmethyl
d-aspartate as receptor and antagonists have little effect on the sickness. Novel targets and
specific small molecules must also be found in order to be useful in the therapy of AD. This chapter
examines a wide spectrum of Alzheimer's disease targets as well as contemporary progress in the
discovery of disease inhibitors. In addition, brief in-silico investigations were highlighted and provided
to understand how the theoretical lead in AD treatment development is attainable.
Apolipoprotein A1 Inhibits Adipogenesis Progression of Human
Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Su Xin , Wang Bin , Lai Min , Peng Hua , Song Jingjin , Huang Huaibin , Chen Xiang , Cheng Ye 
Published: June 2022

Background:
According to the reports, the most vital characteristic of obesity
is an aberrant accumulation of triglycerides (TG) in the adipocyte. On the other hand,
circulating concentrations of apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) have been demonstrated to be
strongly correlated with the prevalence and the pathological development of obesity.
Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms whereby apoA1 modulates the pathogenesis
of obesity is still not fully elucidated.

Methods:
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs, isolated from the
hospitalized patients were combined with 15 μg/ml recombined human apoA1 protein.
The effects of apoA1 on modulating the intracellular levels of TG and the expression
contents of adipogenic related cytokines were also analyzed. Furthermore, whether
apoA1 modulated the adipogenesis progression via sortilin was also explored in the
current research.

Results:
During the adipogenesis progression, apoA1 could significantly lower the
quantity of intracellular lipid droplets (LDs). Meanwhile, apoA1 could decrease the
intracellular levels of TG and down-regulate the expression contents of several vital
adipogenic related cytokines, such as CCAAT enhancer-binding proteins α/β
(C/EBPα/β), fatty acid synthetase (FAS), and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4).
Moreover, the inhibitory effect of apoA1 was further verified to be induced through upregulating
the SORT1 gene expression which subsequently increased sortilin protein.
Consistent with these findings, silencing the SORT1 gene expression could induce the
loss-of-function (LOF) of apoA1 in modulating the adipogenesis progression of AMSCs.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, apoA1 could suppress the adipogenesis progression of
human AMSCs through, at least partly, up-regulating the SORT1 gene expression which
subsequently increases the sortilin protein content. Thereby, the present research sheds
light on a novel pathogenic mechanism by which apoA1 regulates adipogenesis
progression and proposes that apoA1 embraces the function to treat obesity in clinical
practice.