bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Analysis of Trypanosome Infections in Algerian Camels
Authors: Boushaki Djamila , Wallis Julie , Van den Broeck Frederik , Schnaufer Achim 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Surra is an economically important livestock disease in many low- and middle-income countries, including those of Northern Africa. The disease is caused by the biting fly-transmitted subspecies Trypanosoma brucei evansi, which is very closely related to the tsetse-transmitted subspecies T. b. brucei and the sexually transmitted subspecies T. b. equiperdum. At least two phylogenetically distinct groups of T. b. evansi can be distinguished, called type A and type B. These evolved from T. b. brucei independently. The close relationships between the T. brucei subspecies and the multiple evolutionary origins of T. b. evansi pose diagnostic challenges.

Methods
Here we use previously established and newly developed PCR assays based on nuclear and mitochondrial genetic markers to type the causative agent of recent trypanosome infections of camels in Southern Algeria.

Results/conclusion
We confirm that these infections have been caused by T. b. evansi type A. We also report a newly designed PCR assay specific for T. b. evansi type A that we expect will be of diagnostic use for the community.
Towards a Governance Framework for Brain Data
Authors: Ienca Marcello , Fins Joseph J. , Jox Ralf J. , Jotterand Fabrice , Voeneky Silja , Andorno Roberto , Ball Tonio , Castelluccia Claude , Chavarriaga Ricardo , Chneiweiss Hervé , Ferretti Agata , Friedrich Orsolya , Hurst Samia , Merkel Grischa , Molnár-Gábor Fruzsina , Rickli Jean-Marc , Scheibner James , Vayena Effy , Yuste Rafael , Kellmeyer Philipp 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe increasing availability of brain data within and outside the biomedical field, combined with the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to brain data analysis, poses a challenge for ethics and governance. We identify distinctive ethical implications of brain data acquisition and processing, and outline a multi-level governance framework. This framework is aimed at maximizing the benefits of facilitated brain data collection and further processing for science and medicine whilst minimizing risks and preventing harmful use. The framework consists of four primary areas of regulatory intervention: binding regulation, ethics and soft law, responsible innovation, and human rights.
Towards Culture-Aware Co-Speech Gestures for Social Robots
Authors: Gjaci Ariel , Recchiuto Carmine Tommaso , Sgorbissa Antonio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEmbedding social robots with the capability of accompanying their sentences with natural gestures may be the key to increasing their acceptability and their usage in real contexts. However, the definition of natural communicative gestures may not be trivial, since it strictly depends on the culture of the person interacting with the robot. The proposed work investigates the possibility of generating culture-dependent communicative gestures, by proposing an integrated approach based on a custom dataset composed exclusively of persons belonging to the same culture, an adversarial generation module based on speech audio features, a voice conversion module to manage the multi-person dataset, and a 2D-to-3D mapping module for generating three-dimensional gestures. The approach has eventually been implemented and tested with the humanoid robot Pepper. Preliminary results, obtained through a statistical analysis of the evaluations made by human participants identifying themselves as belonging to different cultures, are discussed.
Mechanical, Material and Morphological Adaptations of Healthy Lower Limb Tendons to Mechanical Loading: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lazarczuk Stephanie L. , Maniar Nirav , Opar David A. , Duhig Steven J. , Shield Anthony , Barrett Rod S. , Bourne Matthew N. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Exposure to increased mechanical loading during physical training can lead to increased tendon stiffness. However, the loading regimen that maximises tendon adaptation and the extent to which adaptation is driven by changes in tendon material properties or tendon geometry is not fully understood.

Objective
To determine (1) the effect of mechanical loading on tendon stiffness, modulus and cross-sectional area (CSA); (2) whether adaptations in stiffness are driven primarily by changes in CSA or modulus; (3) the effect of training type and associated loading parameters (relative intensity; localised strain, load duration, load volume and contraction mode) on stiffness, modulus or CSA; and (4) whether the magnitude of adaptation in tendon properties differs between age groups.

Methods
Five databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE) were searched for studies detailing load-induced adaptations in tendon morphological, material or mechanical properties. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and data were pooled using a random effects model to estimate variance. Meta regression was used to examine the moderating effects of changes in tendon CSA and modulus on tendon stiffness.

Results
Sixty-one articles met the inclusion criteria. The total number of participants in the included studies was 763. The Achilles tendon (33 studies) and the patella tendon (24 studies) were the most commonly studied regions. Resistance training was the main type of intervention (49 studies). Mechanical loading produced moderate increases in stiffness (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62–0.86), large increases in modulus (SMD 0.82; 95% CI 0.58–1.07), and small increases in CSA (SMD 0.22; 95% CI 0.12–0.33). Meta-regression revealed that the main moderator of increased stiffness was modulus. Resistance training interventions induced greater increases in modulus than other training types (SMD 0.90; 95% CI 0.65–1.15) and higher strain resistance training protocols induced greater increases in modulus (SMD 0.82; 95% CI 0.44–1.20; p = 0.009) and stiffness (SMD 1.04; 95% CI 0.65–1.43; p = 0.007) than low-strain protocols. The magnitude of stiffness and modulus differences were greater in adult participants.

Conclusions
Mechanical loading leads to positive adaptation in lower limb tendon stiffness, modulus and CSA. Studies to date indicate that the main mechanism of increased tendon stiffness due to physical training is increased tendon modulus, and that resistance training performed at high compared to low localised tendon strains is associated with the greatest positive tendon adaptation.
PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42019141299.
A Collection of Results Relating the Geometry of Plane Domains and the Exit Time of Planar Brownian Motion
Authors: Boudabra Maher , Buttigieg Andrew , Markowsky Greg 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe prove a number of results relating exit times of planar Brownian motion with the geometric properties of the domains in question. Included are proofs of the conformal invariance of moduli of rectangles and annuli using Brownian motion; similarly probabilistic proofs of some recent results of Karafyllia on harmonic measure on starlike domains; examples of domains and their complements which are simultaneously large when measured by the moments of exit time of Brownian motion, and examples of domains and their complements which are simultaneously small; and proofs of several identities involving the Cauchy distribution using the optional stopping theorem.
Chikungunya Encephalitis: an Inconsistently Reported Headache and Cause of Death in Patients with Pre-Existing Conditions
Authors: Hopkins Hannah K. , Traverse Elizabeth M. , Barr Kelli L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus of the family Togaviridae with outbreaks occurring across Africa, Asia, parts of Europe, and South and Central America. There are three main lineages of CHIKV, including the West African lineage, the East Central South African (ECSA) lineage, and the Asian lineage. While CHIKV infection usually results in a self-limited febrile illness, there have been reports of concerning neurological manifestations, including encephalitis. Herein we discuss findings of over 700 cases of CHIKV encephalitis and risk factors for death. Additionally, we examined the genotypes of CHIKV associated with encephalitis and found that both the Asian and ECSA lineages were responsible for encephalitis but not the West African lineage. Protein analysis of consensus sequences of CHIKV strains associated with encephalitis identified mutations in the nsP1, nsP2, and nsP3 proteins. Reports and manuscripts of CHIKV encephalitis were inconsistent in reporting viral, demographic, and clinical features which complicated the delineation of risk factors associated with the disease and viral evolution. As climate change contributes to the range expansion of natural vectors, it is important for researchers and clinicians to consistently report patient and viral data to facilitate research and countermeasures for the ecology and epidemiology of CHIKV due to the lack of a targeted treatment or vaccine.
Mapping Sensitive Vegetation Communities in Mining Eco-space using UAV-LiDAR
Authors: Banerjee Bikram Pratap , Raval Simit 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNear earth sensing from uncrewed aerial vehicles or UAVs has emerged as a potential approach for fine-scale environmental monitoring. These systems provide a cost-effective and repeatable means to acquire remotely sensed images in unprecedented spatial detail and a high signal-to-noise ratio. It is increasingly possible to obtain both physiochemical and structural insights into the environment using state-of-art light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors integrated onto UAVs. Monitoring sensitive environments, such as swamp vegetation in longwall mining areas, is essential yet challenging due to their inherent complexities. Current practices for monitoring these remote and challenging environments are primarily ground-based. This is partly due to an absent framework and challenges of using UAV-based sensor systems in monitoring such sensitive environments. This research addresses the related challenges in developing a LiDAR system, including a workflow for mapping and potentially monitoring highly heterogeneous and complex environments. This involves amalgamating several design components, including hardware integration, calibration of sensors, mission planning, and developing a processing chain to generate usable datasets. It also includes the creation of new methodologies and processing routines to establish a pipeline for efficient data retrieval and generation of usable products. The designed systems and methods were applied to a peat swamp environment to obtain an accurate geo-spatialised LiDAR point cloud. Performance of the LiDAR data was tested against ground-based measurements on various aspects, including visual assessment for generation LiDAR metrices maps, canopy height model, and fine-scale mapping.
Optimizing lifetime of a wireless sensor network covering moving targets
Authors: Dione Déthié , Mbainaissem Teubé Cyrille , Ndekou Paul Python 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this article, the problems studied are to optimize the life of the network of sensors covering mobile targets by minimizing the energy consumption of the network. Indeed, wireless sensor networks have received particular attention in recent years, as their applications are common today, such as vehicle tracking or battlefield monitoring. In a wireless sensor network, the sensor battery plays an important role. The function of the sensor depends on the battery life. Replacement of batteries becomes impossible once deployed in a remote or unattended location. A set of randomly placed sensors monitors targets moving in an area. Each sensor has a limited lifetime and two states: Active or Inactive. An active sensor can monitor targets in its monitoring sub-area at a necessary energy consumption cost. To model these problems, we use a mathematical model based on linear programming with mixed integer variables. AMPL is used to formulate the model and MINOS for its resolution and the numerical results allowed to obtain an adequate activation scheduling of the sensors by improving their lifetime.
Trait Intolerance of Uncertainty Is Associated with Decreased Reappraisal Capacity and Increased Suppression Tendency
Authors: Shu Jocelyn , Ochsner Kevin N. , Phelps Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has been a time of great uncertainty for the general population and highlights the need to understand how attitudes towards uncertainty may affect well-being. Intolerance of uncertainty is a trait associated with worry, anxiety, and mood disorders. As adaptive emotion regulation supports well-being and mental health, it is possible that intolerance of uncertainty is also associated with the ability and tendency to regulate emotions. However, the relationships between intolerance of uncertainty and widely studied cognitive emotion regulation strategies — such as reappraisal and suppression — have received little attention. In two studies that recruited participants online from the United States, we tested the hypotheses that higher trait intolerance of uncertainty would be associated with greater worry, decreased capacity and tendency to use reappraisal, and increased tendency to use suppression in daily life. Study 1 provided an initial test of our hypotheses. Study 2 was a confirmatory, preregistered study that replicated findings in a young adult sample, demonstrating that scores on the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS) were associated with greater COVID-related worry, decreased capacity to regulate negative emotions on a task that manipulated the use of reappraisal, and greater self-reported use of suppression in daily life. Together, these results indicate that intolerance of uncertainty is associated with the capacity and tendency to use emotion regulation strategies important for well-being.
Complication Rates in Patients Using Intracavernosal Injection Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction With or Without Concurrent Anticoagulant Use—A Single-Center, Retrospective Pilot Study
Authors: Blum Kyle A. , Mehr Justin P. , Green Travis , Conroy Lauren , Marino Vanessa , Kim Daniel , Panchapakesan Kailash , Murphy Liam , Panuganti Sravan , Wang Run 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Intracavernosal injection therapy (ICI) is an effective intervention used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED). It has been proposed that caution should be exercised when prescribing ICI to patients currently taking anticoagulants (AC) due to the theoretical increased risk of bleeding, however, there is limited literature describing complication rates of actively anticoagulated patients utilizing ICI.

Aim
We sought to determine whether there was a difference in bleeding and other complications in a cohort of patients using ICI therapy with or without concurrent AC use.

Methods
We reviewed our institutional electronic health record and identified 168 patients who were seen in our clinic from January to August 2020 who had either currently or previously utilized ICI therapy for ED treatment. These patients were surveyed regarding their ICI therapy as well as given the erectile dysfunction inventory for treatment satisfaction questionnaire. Data from 85 patients was obtained; 43 concurrently using AC during ICI therapy and 42 with no AC use. Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and a 2-tailed t-test were used with P &lt; .05 considered to be significant.

Outcome
Documented bleeding events (eg, bruising, hematoma), complications, and mean erectile dysfunction inventory for treatment satisfaction scores were compared between the 2 groups.

Results
There were more absolute bleeding complications in the AC group vs the no AC group, with 3 of 43 AC patients (7%, 95% confidence interval: 2.4–18.6) and 0/42 no AC patients (0%, 95% confidence interval: 0–8.4) experiencing some type of bleeding complication on ICI. However, there was no statistically significant difference found in overall or stratified documented bleeding events and complications between the 2 groups.

Clinical Implications
Patients with concurrent AC usage on ICI therapy reported a higher rate of absolute bleeding complications than our non-AC group.

Strengths and Limitations
The strength of this study is addressing question of safety of ICI therapy in patients with concurrent AC usage. Limitations include single-center retrospective study design and underpowered sample size limiting confidence with which conclusions from data should guide future patient counseling regarding ICI risks.

Conclusion
Findings from a single-center cohort of patients suggest that ICI therapy may be a safe and effective treatment modality for ED in patients with concurrent anticoagulant usage, however, given the higher rate of absolute bleeding events in our AC cohort, future assessment in a higher-powered study is warranted in determining a more accurate estimation of risk or propensity for bleeding complications in patients on AC using ICI therapy.
Academic medical center clinical research professional workforce: Part 2 – Issues in staff onboarding and professional development
Authors: Knapke Jacqueline M. , Jenkerson Michelle , Tsao Peg , Freel Stephanie , Fritter Jessica , Helm Shirley L. , Jester Penelope , Kolb H Robert , Mendell Angela , Petty Megan , Jones Carolynn T. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background:
Defining key barriers to the development of a well-trained clinical research professional (CRP) workforce is an essential first step in identifying solutions for successful CRP onboarding, training, and competency development, which will enhance quality across the clinical and translational research enterprise. This study aimed to summarize barriers and best practices at academic medical centers related to effective CRP onboarding, training, professional development, identify challenges with the assessment of and mentoring for CRP competency growth, and describe opportunities to improve training and professionalization for the CRP career pathway.

Materials/Methods:
Qualitative data from a series of Un-Meeting breakout sessions and open-text survey questions were analyzed to explore the complex issues involved when developing high-quality onboarding and continuing education opportunities for CRPs at academic medical centers.

Results:
Results suggest there are several barriers to training the CRP workforce, including balancing foundational onboarding with role-based training, managing logistical challenges and institutional contexts, identifying/enlisting institutional champions, assessing competency, and providing high-quality mentorship. Several of these themes are interrelated. Two universal threads present throughout all themes are the need for effective communication and the need to improve professionalization of the CRP career pathway.

Conclusion:
Few institutions have solved all the issues related to training a competent and adaptable CRP workforce, although some have addressed one or more. We applied a socio-technical lens to illustrate our findings and the need for NCATS-funded academic medical centers to work collaboratively within and across institutions to overcome training barriers and support a vital, well-qualified workforce and present several exemplars from the field to help attain this goal.
Validating measures of stigma against those with mental illness among a community sample in Kilifi Kenya
Authors: Bitta Mary A. , Baariu Judy , Fondo Elias , Kariuki Symon M. , Lennox Belinda , Newton Charles R. J. C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundStigma against persons with mental illness is a universal phenomenon, but culture influences the understanding of etiology of mental illness and utilization of health services.MethodsWe validated Kiswahili versions of three measures of stigma which were originally developed in the United Kingdom: Community Attitudes Toward the Mentally Ill Scale (CAMI), Reported and Intended Behaviors Scale (RIBS) and Mental Health Awareness Knowledge Schedule (MAKS) and evaluated their psychometric properties using a community sample (N= 616) in Kilifi, Kenya.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis confirmed the one-factor solution for RIBS [root mean-squared error of approximation (RMSEA) < 0.01, comparative fit index (CFI) = 1.00, Tucker–Lewis index (TLI) = 1.01] and two-factor solution for MAKS (RMSEA = 0.04, CFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.95). A 23-item, three-factor model provided the best indices of goodness of fit for CAMI (RMSEA = 0.04, CFI = 0.90, TLI = 0.89). MAKS converged with both CAMI and RIBS. Internal consistency was good for the RIBS and acceptable for CAMI and MAKS. Test–retest reliabilities were excellent for RIBS and poor for CAMI and MAKS, but kappa scores for inter-rater agreement were relatively low for these scales. Results support validity of the original MAKS and RIBS scale and a modified CAMI scale and suggest that stigma is not an enduring trait in this population. The low kappa scores are consistent with first kappa paradox which is due to adjustment for agreements by chance in case of marginal prevalence values.ConclusionsKiswahili versions of the MAKS, RIBS and a modified version of the CAMI are valid for use in the study population. Stigma against people with mental illness may not be an enduring trait in this population.
Does Industry Competition Influence Analyst Coverage Decisions and Career Outcomes?
Authors: Hsu Charles , Li Xi , Ma Zhiming , Phillips Gordon M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe analyze whether industry competition influences analyst coverage decisions and whether analysts benefit from covering product market competitors. We find that analysts are more likely to cover a firm when this firm competes with more firms already covered by the analyst. We also find that the intensity of competition among these competitors is additionally important to the coverage decision. Moreover, we find that analysts who cover product market competitors are more likely to obtain analyst star status. These results are consistent with the importance to analysts of industry competition and product market knowledge accumulated through covering product market competitors.
Financial Globalization and Bank Lending: The Limits of Domestic Monetary Policy
Authors: Cao Jin , Dinger Valeriya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExploring bank-level data from a small open economy, we present evidence that global funding conditions limit the effectiveness of domestic monetary policy in terms of shaping both the volume and the riskiness of bank lending. We show that more favorable global funding conditions associated with a local currency appreciation encourage banks to increase lending, leverage up, take more risks, and thus insulate themselves from lean-against-the-wind domestic monetary policy. These results support the existence of a risk-taking channel of currency appreciation at the bank level.