bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new reduced switch double boost five-level inverter with Self-Balancing of Capacitor Voltage
Authors: Kishore P S V , Jayaram Nakka , Jakkula Swamy , Rajesh Jami , Halder Sukanta 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a new five-level double boost inverter based on switched capacitor technique. The proposed topology has fewer number of components and has the ability of balancing the voltage across the capacitor. The structure of the proposed topology is very simple and can be easily extended to higher number of voltage levels. The proposed generalised topology for higher gain is presented. This proposed 5-level inverter is compared with the state-of-art topologies to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed topology. The proposed topology is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink by using the simplified control logic. Further, the power losses are calculated to find the efficiency of the proposed topology. Finally, this topology is tested in laboratory for the performance verification and the results are included.
A structure preserving front tracking finite element method for the Mullins–Sekerka problem
Authors: Nürnberg Robert 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We introduce and analyse a fully discrete approximation for a mathematical model for the solidification and liquidation of materials of negligible specific heat. The model is a two-sided Mullins–Sekerka problem. The discretization uses finite elements in space and an independent parameterization of the moving free boundary. We prove unconditional stability and exact volume conservation for the introduced scheme. Several numerical simulations, including for nearly crystalline surface energies, demonstrate the practicality and accuracy of the presented numerical method.
The role of season and climate in the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in Kerman province, Southeastern Iran
Authors: Khanjani Narges , Ahmadzadeh Ahmad , Bakhtiari Bahram , Madadizadeh Farzan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background:
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a common endocrine disease and an important cause of mental retardation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the probable role of season and climatic factors in the incidence of CH in Kerman province, Iran.

Methods:
Incidence data were collected from the CH screening program files from 2005 to 2011 in Kerman province, a number of 288,437 infants were included in the study. Climate data were collected from the Meteorological Office. The relations were tested by χ2-test, Pearson correlation, and negative binomial regression.

Results:
The overall incidence of CH in Kerman province was 2.68 per 1000 births. There was a significant difference in both the monthly and seasonal incidence of CH (p<0.05). There were a few significant, but weak correlation between some climatic factors and the incidence of CH in some regions, but the results were inconsistent.

Conclusions:
It seems like there is no clear relation between CH incidence and climate factors, in Kerman Province. However, CH incidence was highest in October (Autumn) and lowest in June (Summer).
Modals and conditionals in instrumental practical reasoning: the case of Polish
Authors: Sztencel Magdalena , Duffy Sarah E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the relation between conditionals and modals in Polish. In particular, it looks into whether modalized indirect reports of conditionals – specifically, reports which involve the use of root modality verbs – reflect the number of alternative antecedents foregrounded in the context of the reported conditional utterance. It finds that the root possibility modal mogę is preferred when many alternative antecedents are foregrounded (i.e. when p is interpreted as a sufficient but not necessary condition for q), whereas the root necessity modal muszę is preferred in contexts where there are no alternative antecedents (i.e. when p is interpreted as a necessary condition for q). The results are comparable to those obtained for English (see Sztencel and Duffy 2018), thus providing initial support for their cross-linguistic generalizability. Furthermore, a parallel is drawn between the basic structure of instrumental practical reasoning (e.g. Walton 2007) and modalized indirect reports of conditionals. This parallel offers a rationale for the method of investigating instrumental practical reasoning by the proxy of indirect speech reports.
Militärische Jugenderziehung vor dem und im Ersten Weltkrieg
Authors: Raasch Markus 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Aufsatz wird die militärische Jugenderziehung vor dem und im Ersten Weltkrieg untersucht. Die dabei eingenommene institutionenhistorische Perspektive misst Ideen und Strukturfragen dieselbe Bedeutung bei wie Wahrnehmungsweisen und internationalen Zusammenhängen. Im Blickpunkt stehen die Verhältnisse in Deutschland und der österreichischen Reichshälfte der Habsburgermonarchie. Anhand von zeitgenössischem Schrifttum, einschlägigem Liedgut, administrativem Aktenmaterial und Selbstzeugnissen kann sodann deutlich gemacht werden, dass eine forcierte militärische Jugenderziehung – einschließlich ihrer Schwierigkeiten und Gegner – ein internationales Phänomen des frühen 20. Jahrhunderts bildete. Nach 1914 versuchten Deutsche und Österreicher, ein spezielles Modell von Jugendkompagnien (Jugendwehren) zu installieren, das auf umfassenden Anspruch, Freiwilligkeit und staatliche Organisation setzte. Ihre Erfolge hatten klare Grenzen, fielen aber beachtlicher aus, als die gängige Literatur meint.
Chaos und Kohärenz
Authors: Kröncke Merten 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
In der historischen Schlachtenforschung können kulturgeschichtliche Ansätze, die sich der medialen und symbolischen Repräsentation und Erinnerung des Kampfgeschehens zuwenden, mittlerweile als fest etabliert gelten. Am häufigsten werden Schlachtrepräsentationen dabei – zumindest wenn es sich um deutsche Schlachtrepräsentationen des Ersten Weltkrieges handelt – in Hinblick auf ihren jeweiligen normativ-politischen Gehalt untersucht. Demgegenüber wird dieser Aufsatz für eine andere, ergänzende Forschungsperspektive werben, die eine für Schlachtrepräsentationen fundamentale, indes bislang noch kaum untersuchte Spannung in den Mittelpunkt rückt: die Spannung von Chaos und Kohärenz. Vorgeschlagen wird ein interdisziplinärer Zugang, der sowohl das Dargestellte als auch die Darstellungsweise zu analysieren vermag und der Geschichts- und Literaturwissenschaften miteinander verknüpft. Dass der vertretene Ansatz fruchtbar ist, soll eine Untersuchung von textuellen Repräsentationen des Einsatzes der 3., 4. und 5. bayerischen Infanteriedivisionen in der Schlacht an der Somme 1916 demonstrieren. Die aus der Analyse resultierende These lautet: Alle untersuchten Textsorten kennzeichnen das dargestellte Schlachtgeschehen im Mittelwert als chaotisch, doch zumindest den deutlich nach den Kampfereignissen verfassten Texten gelingt es, das Chaos der Schlacht zu kompensieren, indem sie Kohärenz auf der Ebene der Darstellungsweise herstellen.
Affectivity in Media-Based Public Discussions: A Critical Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Kekki Minna-Kerttu Maarja 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Affectivity has become an operative concept for a variety of analyses of our everyday media-based public communications. However, it often remains unclear what affectivity is and how it can be used for analysing media-based public discussions. To clarify the role of affectivity in such analyses, I take a look back to the classical phenomenological analyses of affectivity provided by Edmund Husserl. I argue that based on Husserl’s analyses, affectivity is essentially a relation between the object and the affected subject evoking (sometimes emotional) responses in the subject. Accordingly, the role of affectivity in the opinion formation and other similar processes in media-based public discussions can be analysed as contingent sedimentations of the object’s such relations to the subject. As my analysis demonstrates, analyses of affectivity in the context of media-based communications do not capture their research object—affectivity—if affectivity is conceived as a feature of the media contents and not as a modality of experience.
Heterogeneous spectrum of CFTR gene mutations in Chinese patients with CAVD and the dilemma of genetic blocking strategy
Authors: Feng Jiarong , Zhang Yanan , Yang Xiaojian , Zhang Yan 
Published: July 2022

In brief
The genetic heterogeneity of CFTR gene mutations in Chinese patients with congenital absence of the vas deferens (CAVD) differs from the hotspot mutation pattern in Caucasians. This paper reviews and suggests a more suitable screening strategy for the Chinese considering the dilemma of CFTR genetic blocking.

Abstract
Congenital absence of the vas deferens (CAVD) is a major cause of obstructive azoospermia and male infertility, with CFTR gene mutation as the main pathogenesis. Other genes such as ADGRG2, SLC9A3, and PANK2 have been discovered and proven to be associated with CAVD in recent studies. Multiple CFTR hotspot mutations have been found in Caucasians in several foreign countries, and relevant genetic counseling and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) have been conducted for decades. However, when we examined research on Chinese CAVD, we discovered that CFTR mutations show heterogeneity in the Chinese Han population, and there is currently no well-established screening strategy. Therefore, we have reviewed the literature, combining domestic and international research as well as our own, aiming to review research progress on the CFTR gene in China and discuss the appropriate scope for CFTR gene detection, the detection efficiency of other CAVD-related genes, and the screening strategy applicable to the Chinese Han population. This study provides more valuable information for genetic counseling and a theoretical basis for PGD and treatment for couples with CAVD when seeking reproductive assistance.
Features of human monocytic ehrlichiosis laboratory diagnostics
Authors: Teterin V. Yu. , Korenberg E. I. , Nefedova V. V. , Vorobyova N. N. , Sumlivaya O. N. , Okishev M. A. , Semerikov V. V. 
Published: July 2022

Objective. Using the data obtained in Perm Region as an example, to identify the effectiveness of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (HME) at different periods from the onset of the disease, and to determine the role of HME in the structure of infections transmitted by ixodic ticks using PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Materials and methods. A thorough clinical and epidemiological examination of 583 patients with acute febrile diseases developed after the suction of ticks was carried out. To detect E. muris DNA, 1586 whole blood samples were examined by PCR at different periods from the onset of the disease. For the purpose of serological verification of HME, all patients were examined with ELISA for the presence of immunoglobulins M and G against E. chaffeensis.
Results. In total, using the PCR method, ehrlichial DNA was detected in 76 (4.8 %) blood samples from 53 patients. Based on two research methods (ELISA and PCR) HME was diagnosed in 58 (9.9 %) persons, while in 50 (86.2 %) of them, the diagnosis was confirmed only by PCR. The timing of E. muris genomic material detection in the blood of patients varied from 1 to 58 days from the moment of the disease. The greatest effectiveness of PCR (up to 69.4 % of positive samples) was noted by us from the 1st to the 7th day of illness. HME was found in the form of monoinfection in 9 (15.5 %), mixed infection in 49 (84.5 %) persons. The following was revealed: HME+Ixodid tick-borne borreliosis (ITBB) in 35 (60.3 %), HME+ITBB+Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) in 6 (10.3 %), HME+ITBB+HGA+Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in 4 (6.9 %), HME+TBE in 2 (3.5 %), HME+TBE+ITBB in 2 (3.5 %).
Conclusions. In the diagnosis of HME, PCR significantly increased the number (up to 86.2 %) of confirmed cases, and most often in the acute period of the disease (up to 69.4 15.3 % of positive samples in the first week of the disease). For laboratory verification of HME, it is advisable to combine ELISA with the PCR method, especially in case of negative results of serological studies.
Assessment of the General Public’s Understanding of Rapidly Produced Earthquake Information Products ShakeMap and PAGER
Authors: Karjack Sabrina , Brudzinski Michael R. , Shipley Thomas F. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Public engagement through outreach is a key mechanism for learning about science and to communicate societal impacts of government-funded science. However, outreach effectiveness could be limited if approaches are not evidenced based. Partnerships with cognitive scientists who study fundamental learning processes suggest helping people learn how earthquakes happen would improve understanding of hazards and motivation for preparedness. We used a seismology–cognitive science partnership to evaluate understanding by nongeoscientists of widely viewed U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) ShakeMap and Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) products originally developed for technical use. After discussions with USGS staff, we constructed 13 free response questions probing understanding of these products, including the graph literacy scale (GLS) for comparison. Through Zoom interviews of 101 participants, we found poor performance (28% correct) on the PAGER and ShakeMap questions despite good performance (76% correct) on the GLS. When coding free responses, we identified an average of 12.4 misconceptions per participant, approximately 1 per question. Five misconceptions were observed in over half the participants, including how the reports are constructed and used in real time, treating reports using modeling or simulations as containing only direct observations, and difficulty interpreting probabilities. The performance and misconceptions led us to develop a revised PAGER with scatter plots to visualize fatality and damage probabilities among other simplifications. We used a multiple-choice survey to assess understanding using the original and new visualizations with another 100 participants. We found significant improvement: 49% correct when seeing the revised visualization first, compared with 36% when seeing the original visualization first. Finally, we surveyed 147 participants on whether they could distinguish expert-defined shaking and damage descriptors for three macroseismic terms (moderate, strong, and severe). Participants struggled, choosing greater consequences than intended for lower intensity terms. Overall, our findings suggest that the key aspects of these earthquake information products are poorly understood by nongeoscientists in aseismic regions, but adjustments can improve effectiveness.
Distinguishing Unique Earthquakes with Overlapping Signals in Oklahoma
Authors: Ogwari Paul , Walter Jacob I. , Chen Xiaowei , Thiel Andrew , Ferrer Fernando , Woelfel Isaac 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDuring routine operations monitoring Oklahoma earthquakes, we found that certain earthquakes occurred closely both in space and time and had overlapping phases at the recording stations. Through further scrutiny and analysis, we determined that rather than being distinctly different earthquakes, some of the earthquakes exhibited multiphase arrivals and longer than expected coda due to unique ray paths that encounter impedance contrasts such as at the sedimentary rock-basement. Of course, some of these events truly were distinct events, which we term overlapping earthquakes, for which perceived coda duration overlaps and obscures the phase arrivals of the second event due to the source proximity in both time and space. We detail our classification scheme to separate the local earthquakes in Oklahoma as single, overlapping earthquakes, or those associated with multiphase arrivals. We forward model seismic wave propagation in a 2D crustal model and develop a methodology that utilizes waveform correlation to distinguish phases from overlapping earthquakes to those from crustal reverberations. Duration analysis shows a more elongated duration, qualitatively similar to the duration produced by overlapping earthquakes, at the sites where multiphase arrivals are observed.
Federal guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of chronic bronchitis
Authors: Avdeev S. N. , Demko I. V. , Zaytsev A. A. , Ignatova G. L. , Kravchenko N. Yu. , Leshchenko I. V. , Ovcharenko S. I. , Sinopal’nikov A. I. , Frantsuzevich L. Ya. 
Published: July 2022

The presented clinical guidelines cover current information about the etiology and pathogenesis, classification, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of chronic bronchitis.Methodology.The target audience of these clinical guidelines are therapists, general practitioners, and pulmonologists. Each thesis-recommendation about diagnostic and therapeutic procedures has been graded according to the scales of classes of recommendations from 1 to 5 and the A, B, C scale for the levels of evidence. The clinical guidelines also contain comments and explanations to these theses together with an algorithm for management of patients with confirmed chronic bronchitis.Conclusion. The presented clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic bronchitis were approved by the Scientific and Practical Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in 2021.
A self-report on oral hygiene awareness among allied health students of Chennai – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ebenraj Jones , Jayakumar Kotteeswari , Elairajan Sujatha 
Published: July 2022

Oral cavity is the mirror of general health. Good oral hygiene plays important role in the prevention of oral diseases. Hence, constant monitoring and evaluation of oral hygiene become promising leads for a general health checkup.To evaluate the awareness for oral hygiene among Paramedical students of the south Indian population.The study is a cross-sectional study involving 1003 students belonging to Allied health sciences studying in Dr. MGR Educational & Research Institute, Chennai, having mean Age of 18 -20 years. The study was conducted for a period of one month (14 August 2021- 10 September 2021). The subjects were asked to fill out a self-explanatory Questionnaire about their daily oral hygiene activities. The observations are tabulated and analyzed using SPSS software. Mean, frequency distribution and chi-square test were used as test of significance.The college students who filled the self-report were aged 18-19 years (88.7%) of which female students gave maximum responses (65.70%) in filling the questionnaires. The tested population brushed twice per day was on higher side (56%) with females having more brushing frequency (39.48%) as compared to males (16.3%). The respondents who noticed bad breadth and bleeding gums was 26.22% and 32.20% respectively. The values of bad breadth have p values with high significance (0.0005%) in comparison to gender. However, Gender comparison with dental floss usage (p = 0.1695) and dental visit observation (P= 0.4293) had no significant statistical P values.Among the Allied Health students, the general knowledge of oral health practices was moderate and dental visits were their choice only during emergency procedures. Inadequate knowledge of routine dental procedures and signs of oral health were seen. Female students have better knowledge upon oral health, oral hygiene practices and maintenance as compared to males.
Interactive Effect of Phosphorus and Boron on Their Temporal Soil Availability under Black Gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] Cultivation and Nodulation in Acid Inceptisol
Authors: Satya Muddana Sri Sai Charan , . Sanjay-Swami 
Published: July 2022

Background: Meghalaya soils are highly acidic and phosphorus and boron are poor in supply leading to poor crop productivity. Low availability of phosphorus in these soils is due to fixation of phosphorus by Fe and Al oxides. Deficiency of boron in acidic soils of Meghalaya is due to coarse texture and leaching. The current study was conducted to find out the interactive effect of phosphorus and boron on their temporal soil availability, number of nodules in black gram and their dry weight. Methods: A field experiment comprising of four levels of phosphorus i.e. 0, 25, 50 and 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 and four levels of boron i.e. 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 kg B ha-1 was conducted during 2019 taking black gram cv. PU-31 as test crop. The treatments were laid out in split plot design with main plot as phosphorus and sub plot as boron with 16 different treatment combinations and replicated three times in humid sub tropical climate of Meghalaya with acid Inceptisol having pH 4.99, available phosphorus 13.68 kg ha-1 and available boron 0.054 ppm. Result: The result revealed that temporal soil availability of phosphorus and boron increased with increase in phosphorus and boron doses, whereas it declined with progressive time intervals. Further, number of nodules in black gram and their dry weight show decrease with increase in time. Both these parameters increased significantly with increasing phosphorus and boron doses up to highest level. The optimum levels were recorded with combined application of 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 1.0 kg B ha-1 for number of nodules and 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 0.5 kg B ha-1 for dry weight of nodules.
Penggunaan Aplikasi Logger Pro untuk Menentukan Nilai Viskositas Air
Authors: 2020 Senafis 
Published: July 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan menentukan nilai faktor redaman osilasi bandul sederhana dan nilai viskositas air menggunakan tiga variasi massa dan jari-jari bandul serta dua variasi diameter wadah. Seiring perkembangan teknologi yang sangat pesat, pemanfaatan aplikasi seperti Logger Pro dapat membantu siswa maupun pendidik untuk mendukung pembelajaran eksperimen Fisika pada meteri osilasi bandul sederhana. Metode eksperimen osilasi bandul sederhana dengan variasi bandul diletakkan pada wadah yang berisi air. Air merupakan sumber daya alam yang sangat dibutuhkan oleh makhluk hidup. Osilasi bandul sederhana pada wadah yang berisi air direkam menggunakan kamera DSLR dalam bentuk video kemudian dianalisis menggunakan aplikasi Logger Pro untuk memperoleh nilai faktor redaman osilasi bandul sederhana sehingga dapat dicari nilai viskositas air. Hasil yang diperoleh nilai faktor redaman osilasi bandul sederhana pada kedua wadah yaitu wadah A diperoleh γ ̅_A= 0,0475 ± 0,0003 s-1 ; γ ̅_B= 0,0392 ± 0,0005 s-1 ; γ ̅_C= 0,0369 ± 0,0004 s-1, sedangkan pada wadah B diperoleh γ ̅_A= 0,0520 ± 0,0004 s-1 ; γ ̅_B= 0,0414 ± 0,0006 s-1 ; γ ̅_C= 0,0384 ± 0,0004 s-1. Nilai viskositas air wadah A diperoleh η_A= 0,023 ± 0,005 kg/m.s2 ; η_B= 0,033 ± 0,007 kg/m.s2 ; η_C= 0,041 ± 0,009 kg/m.s2 , sedangkan pada wadah B diperoleh η_A= 0,025 ± 0,001 kg/m.s2 ; η_B= 0,034 ± 0,002 kg/m.s2 ; η_C= 0,043 ± 0,002 kg/m.s2. Nilai viskositas air menggunakan hukum Stokes pada penelitian lebih besar dari teori, hal ini dipengaruhi oleh wadah yang digunakan tidak jauh lebih besar dari jari-jari bandul.