bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Profile and Effects of Ductal Size on Anthropometry of Children with Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
Authors: M. Chinawa Josephat , O. Duru Chika , . Chinawa Awoere T , F. Chukwu Bartholomew , C. Ayuk Adaeze 
Published: March 2022

Background
It is not known at which size a congenital Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in children becomes associated with a resultant severe malnutrition in children. Furthermore, the effect of ductal size on anthropometry of children with PDA is yet to be determined.
Objectives
This study was aimed to asses if the ductal size had any effect on anthropometry of children with PDA and at which size evidence of severe malnutrition ensues
Methods
This was a five-year observational cross-sectional study of children who presented at three tertiary institutions with PDA.
Results
There was a negative non-significant correlation between the size of PDA and the weight of patients, (Pearson correlation coefficient = -0.1, p = 0.7). There was also a negative non-significant correlation between the size of PDA and patient’s height/length, (correlation coefficient = -0.1, p = 0.5).
The association between the size of PDA and the severity of malnutrition revealed greater proportion of 35.3% (6/17) for wasting and stunting in patients who had large PDA sizes of >7mm, when compared with fewer proportions in those with PDA sizes of 3- 6mm (26.1% (6/23) and those with tiny PDA of <3mm (33.3% (10/30); (χ2 = 10.21, p = 0.8).
There was a positive correlation between ductal size and nutritional status of patients, and severe malnutrition ensued from ductal size of 3.2mm; with ETA square of 0.072.
The majority of children with PDA presented with severe forms of malnutrition (wasting and stunting).
Conclusion: Severe malnutrition ensues when ductal size is 3.2mm. The size of PDA has no effect on weight and height of children with PDA.
Computed Tomography Assessment of Nasal, Orbital Indices and Volume among Igbo, Calabari and Ogoni Residents of Portharcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Nebuwa Obikili Emmanuel , Nwaelom Ezeofor Salome , Emeka  Anyanwu Godson , Nzei Eugene Clement 
Published: March 2022

Background: Understanding the morphology of the orbital and nasal cavities is essential for human identification, reconstructive surgeries and forensic medicine.
Objectives: To evaluate the orbital and nasal dimensions and their relationship with gender in the Igbo-, Calabari- and the Ogoni ethnic groups living in Port-harcourt Nigeria using computed tomography (CT).
Methods: Four hundred and sixty-six head CT images were analyzed. 43.8% were Igbos’, 28.8% Calabaris’ and 27.5% Ogonis’ of 20-80 years of age with a mean age of 51.19±15.67. Males and females were 55.8% and 44.2% respectively. Parameters measured were orbital height (OH), orbital width (OW), orbital depth (OD), nasal height (NH) and nasal width (NW) using the ImageJ software. Data analysis was by SPSS version 20. Differences between groups were obtained using the one-way ANOVA. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Mean orbital volume for the Igbos’, Calabaris’ and Ogonis’ are 48.57±7.38, 48.97±5.63 and 46.27±5.59 for the right and 48.56±7.31, 48.96±5.62 and 46.32±5.56 for the left respectively P<0.05. Mean OD is highest in the Igbos’ 4.70±0.32 while mean OH is highest in the Calabaris 2.94±0.18 (P< 0.05). Igbos have the highest mean NI of 89.71. Males have higher NI P<0.05 in all ethinic groups. Mean OI shows no sexual dimorphism or unilaterality P>0.05
Conclusion: Differences in the measured parameters and sexual dimorphism in the nasal indices only among the ethnic groups is demonstrated. Microseme and platyrrhine categories of orbital and nasal cavities respectively is similar to all. These findings will aid facial reconstructive surgeries and forensics.
Laparoscopic Assessment of the Tubo Ovarian Relationship in Unexplained Infertility
Authors: Gawad Hadwa Islam Mohammed Abdel , Raof Farahat Manal Abdel , Saeed Dawood Abd Elghaffar , Al Ahwal Lamiaa Mohammed 
Published: March 2022

Background: Unexplained infertility is usually a diagnosis of exclusion. Thus, there must be an absence of an identifiable cause of infertility despite thorough testing and medical investigation demonstrating tubal patency, normal semen parameters, regular ovulation, normal ovarian reserve, and a normal endometrial cavity.
Aim: This study aims to assess the prevalence of abnormal tubo-ovarian relationship in women with unexplained infertility by using laparoscopy.
Methodology: This was a prospective study which was conducted on 30 couples with unexplained infertility. Evaluation of the tubo ovarian relation with laparoscopy for patient with unexplained infertility who desire spontaneous pregnancy. The main object of the corrective procedure is to get free mobile fallopian tube along with satisfactory tubo-ovaian relation.
Results: There were 53.3% of cases had disturbed tubo-ovarian relation, many corrective measures done by laparoscopy, such as adhesiolysis for 30% of cases, excision of cysts for 6.7% of cases, MSH for 16.6% of cases and cauterization of endometriotic patches for 16.6% of cases. In the present study a pregnancy rate of 53,3% (9/16) was seen in cases that showed disturbed tubo ovarian relation and required operative intervention higher than other cases with no detected pathology (4/14) 47.7%. We were able to achieve a higher conception rate among cases owing to operative procedure.
Conclusions: The ovum pick up by the fimbrial end of the tube is an essential determining factor for female infertility. The present study confirmed that laparoscopy provided a precise diagnosis of tubo ovarian factor and may switch the initial treatment of unexplained infertility.
Cedecea lapagei an Extremely Rare Uropathogen: A Case Report
Authors: Mohamud Hussein Ali , Mohamud Rahma Yusuf Haji 
Published: March 2022

Background: Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Laboratories discovered Cedecea lapagei in 1977, and the first case of Cedecea lapagei in humans was reported in 2006. A literature search revealed only one case report of prior isolation of Cedecea lapagei from urine culture, and this is the second case of Cedecea lapagei as an uropathogen reported in the world.
Case presentation: A 55 years old man with chronic renal failure, poorly controlled Diabetes mellitus, and Hypertension presented with acute exacerbations of renal failure and irritative voiding symptoms. After stabilization and empirical antibiotic therapy with Ceftriaxone, the patient’s condition was not improved and deteriorated progressively. After the request of urine culture, the culture was isolated, an extremely rare uropathogen; the Cedecea lapagei. Cedecea lapagei identification has been done using Eosin Methylene Blue agar (EMB). Gram-negative lipase positive bacteria with bacillus in shape, motile in nature that is non-spore-forming, and non-encapsulated Enterobacteria with the final result of >100,000 colony-forming units per ml of Cedecea lapagei were isolated. Mueller-Hinton agar had been used to perform antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance. The pathogen revealed antimicrobial resistance against Ceftriaxone, Cephazolin, Ceftazidime, Cefixime, Ampicillin, and Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid while Carbapenems, Fluoroquinolones, Aminoglycosides, and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole showed a higher sensitivity rate.
Conclusion: This is the second case of Cedecea lapagei as an uropathogen reported in the world. Cedecea lapagei is a rare bacterial infection in humans and has an emerging antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial treatment should be aligned with the culture findings once available.
Porous Silicon on Insulator Technology
Authors: Abdulzahra Narjis Zamil 
Published: March 2022

In this research, the structure, optical, and electrical properties of porous silicon prepared by electrochemical etching at current density 50 mA /cm2 with etching time 10 min, before and after rapid thermal oxidation process (RTO) at different oxidation temperature from (500-700) Ċ and constant oxidation time 60 s. Under optimum conditions, the pore size decreased after RTO leads to decrease porosity, the refractive index decreased for porous silicon (PS) and increased after oxidation. Electrical properties were showed an increase in rectification ratio after oxidation, where it varied from (3.93 to 158.8), the ideality factor which describes an approach the device from ideality characteristics founded decrease with increasing oxidation temperature where it varied from (9 to 5.4), the barrier height increased from (0.561 to 0.698 eV). The oxidation process improves electrical conductivity for electronic device by decreasing saturation current density that initiated from minority carriers, where (OPS/PS/Si) work as anti-reflected coating that benefit to eliminate swings effect and standing waves in photoresist.
Low‐Valence Metal Single Atoms on Graphdiyne Promotes Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction via M‐to‐N2 π‐Backdonation
Authors: Zou Haiyuan , Arachchige Lakshitha Jasin , Rong Weifeng , Tang Chao , Wang Ranhao , Tan Sha , Chen Hong , He Dongsheng , Hu Junhui , Hu Enyuan , Sun Chenghua , Duan Lele 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe M‐to‐N2 π‐backdonation weakens the triple bond of N2 and shall promote the sluggish electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR). By using weak σ‐ and π‐donating graphdiyne (GDY) as a supporting material, herein, a versatile approach is described to stabilize low‐valence metal single atoms (SA) on GDY (M SA/GDY; M = Cr, Mo, W, Mn, and Re). Under the rigorous ENRR protocol, an activity trend of Re SA/GDY > Mo SA/GDY > Cr SA/GDY > W SA/GDY >> Mn SA/GDY (no activity) is delivered. Theoretical calculations reveal that the strong M‐to‐N2 π‐backdonation of Re SA/GDY renders a low energy requirement of +0.39 eV for the reductive hydrogenation of *N2 to *NNH, which is considered as the bottleneck of ENRR. A novel NH3 desorption mechanism through N2 or H2O aided ligand exchange mechanism is proposed to facilitate the NH3 desorption from Re SA/GDY with a low energy input of +0.83 eV for the distal and mix pathways. This study expands the scope of low‐valance SA with boosted π‐backdonation capacity and offers new mechanistic insights for ENRR.
Confined Growth of Silver–Copper Janus Nanostructures with {100} Facets for Highly Selective Tandem Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Ma Yangbo , Yu Jinli , Sun Mingzi , Chen Bo , Zhou Xichen , Ye Chenliang , Guan Zhiqiang , Guo Weihua , Wang Gang , Lu Shiyao , Xia Dongsheng , Wang Yunhao , He Zhen , Zheng Long , Yun Qinbai , Wang Liqiang , Zhou Jingwen , Lu Pengyi , Yin Jinwen , Zhao Yifei , Luo Zhongbin , Zhai Li , Liao Lingwen , Zhu Zonglong , Ye Ruquan , Chen Ye , Lu Yang , Xi Shibo , Huang Bolong , Lee Chun‐Sing , Fan Zhanxi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractElectrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) holds significant potential to promote carbon neutrality. However, the selectivity toward multicarbon products in CO2RR is still too low to meet practical applications. Here the authors report the delicate synthesis of three kinds of Ag–Cu Janus nanostructures with {100} facets (JNS‐100) for highly selective tandem electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to multicarbon products. By controlling the surfactant and reduction kinetics of Cu precursor, the confined growth of Cu with {100} facets on one of the six equal faces of Ag nanocubes is realized. Compared with Cu nanocubes, Ag65–Cu35 JNS‐100 demonstrates much superior selectivity for both ethylene and multicarbon products in CO2RR at less negative potentials. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the compensating electronic structure and carbon monoxide spillover in Ag65–Cu35 JNS‐100 contribute to the enhanced CO2RR performance. This study provides an effective strategy to design advanced tandem catalysts toward the extensive application of CO2RR.
Regulation of Surface Defect Chemistry toward Stable Ni‐Rich Cathodes
Authors: Wang Liguang , Lei Xincheng , Liu Tongchao , Dai Alvin , Su Dong , Amine Khalil , Lu Jun , Wu Tianpin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSurface reconstruction of Ni‐rich layered oxides (NLO) degrades the cycling stability and safety of high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), which challenges typical surface‐modification approaches to build a robust interface with electrochemical activity. Here, a strategy of leveraging the low‐strain analogues of Li‐ and Mn‐rich layered oxides (LMR) to reconstruct a stable surface on the Ni‐rich layered cathodes is proposed. The new surface structure not only consists of a gradient chemical composition but also contains a defect‐rich structure regarding the formation of oxygen vacancies and cationic ordering, which can simultaneously facilitate lithium diffusion and stabilize the crystal structure during the (de)lithiation. These features in the NLO lead to a dramatic improvement in electrochemical properties, especially the cyclability under high voltage cycling, exhibiting the 30% increase in capacity retention after 200 cycles at the current density of 1 C (3.0–4.6 V). The findings offer a facile and effective way to regulate defect chemistry and surface structure in parallel on Ni‐rich layered structure cathodes to achieve high‐energy density LIBs.
A Vehicle‐Free Antimicrobial Polymer Hybrid Gold Nanoparticle as Synergistically Therapeutic Platforms for Staphylococcus aureus Infected Wound Healing
Authors: He Xiaojun , Dai Lixiong , Ye Lisong , Sun Xiaoshuai , Enoch Obeng , Hu Rongdang , Zan Xingjie , Lin Feng , Shen Jianliang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPathogenic bacteria infection is a serious threat to human public health due to the high morbidity and mortality rates. Nano delivery system for delivering antibiotics provides an alternative option to improve the efficiency compared to conventional therapeutic agents. In addition to the drug loading capacity of nanocarriers, which is typically around 10%, further lowers the drug dose that pathological bacteria are exposed to. Moreover, nanocarriers that are not eliminated from the body may cause side effects. These limitations have motivated the development of self‐delivery systems that are formed by the self‐assembly of different therapeutic agents. In this study, a vehicle‐free antimicrobial polymer polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB, with bactericidal and anti‐biofilm functions) hybrid gold nanoparticle (Au NPs, with photothermal therapy (PTT)) platform (PHMB@Au NPs) is developed. This platform exhibits an excellent synergistic effect to enhance the photothermal bactericidal effect for Staphylococcus aureus under near‐infrared irradiation. Furthermore, the results showed that PHMB@Au NPs inhibit the formation of biofilms, quickly remove bacteria to promote wound healing through PTT in infection model in vivo, and even mediate the transition of macrophages from M1 to M2 type, and accelerate tissue angiogenesis. PHMB@Au NPs will have promising value as highly effective antimicrobial agents for patient management.
Multifunctional Hard Yet Flexible Coatings Fabricated Using a Universal Step‐by‐Step Strategy
Authors: Zhang Yunsheng , Chen Zixin , Zheng Hao , Chen Runze , Ma Chunfeng , Zhang Guangzhao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHard yet flexible coatings with multi‐functionalities are useful for foldable displays and marine industries but rare. In this study, a highly cross‐linked multifunctional hybrid coating with ceramic‐like hardness and polymer‐like flexibility is reported. The coating is prepared via a step‐by‐step strategy, where two types of epoxy‐oligosiloxane nanoclusters are first synthesized by sol‐gel chemistry, and amine‐terminated curing agents are used to cross‐link them at room temperature. The coating is highly transparent (>92% transmittance), hard (6‐7H), and flexible (10 mm bending diameter) because of the unique combination of siloxane nanoclusters and polymer networks. Meanwhile, since the coating contains fouling‐resistant telomer and low‐surface‐tension liquid lubricant polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), it exhibits excellent anti‐biofouling and self‐cleaning properties. The results indicate that the mechanical and antifouling properties of the coating can be easily tuned and prove that the step‐by‐step strategy is a promising and universal method. The novel coatings can meet the needs of applications in foldable displays, marine industries, and other fields.
A new missense variant in RAB3GAP2 in a family with muscular dystrophy–short stature and defective autophagy: An expansion of the micro/Martsolf spectrum or a new phenotype?
Authors: Mora‐Roldan German A. , Galaviz‐Hernandez Carlos , Hiebert‐Froese Jose , Hernandez Arturo , Montes Luis , Duran‐Pasten Maria L. , Gazarian Karlen , Zenteno Juan C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe describe a sibling pair of Mennonite origin born from consanguineous parentage with a likely new phenotype of limb–girdle muscular dystrophy, short stature, ptosis, and tracheomalacia. Exome sequencing in the affected subjects identified a novel homozygous RAB3GAP2 missense variant as the potential causal variant. As RAB3GAP2 has been recently shown to be involved in the autophagy process, we analyzed patient‐derived fibroblasts by fluorescence microscopy and demonstrated defective autophagic flux under rapamycin and serum starvation conditions when compared with wild‐type cells. The phenotype in the siblings described here is distinct from Martsolf and Warburg's micro syndromes, the currently known diseases arising from RAB3GAP2 pathogenic variants. Thus, this work describes a potentially novel recessive phenotype associated with a RAB3GAP2 defect and manifesting as a muscular dystrophy–short stature disorder with no ocular anomalies. Functional analyses indicated defective autophagy in patient‐derived fibroblasts, supporting the involvement of RAB3GAP2 in the etiology of this disorder. Our results contribute to a better characterization of the Martsolf/micro spectrum phenotype.
Tuning the Elasticity of Nanogels Improves Their Circulation Time by Evading Immune Cells
Authors: Desai Prachi , Rimal Rahul , Florea Alexandru , Gumerov Rustam A. , Santi Marta , Sorokina Anastasia S. , Sahnoun Sabri E. M. , Fischer Thorsten , Mottaghy Felix M. , Morgenroth Agnieszka , Mourran Ahmed , Potemkin Igor I. , Möller Martin , Singh Smriti 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPeptide receptor radionuclide therapy is used to treat solid tumors by locally delivering radiation. However, due to nephro‐ and hepato‐toxicity, it is limited by its dosage. To amplify radiation damage to tumor cells, radiolabeled nanogels can be used. We show that by tuning the mechanical properties of nanogels significant enhancement in circulation half‐life of the gel could be achieved. We demonstrate why and how small changes in the mechanical properties of the nanogels influence its cellular fate. Nanogels with a storage modulus of 37 kPa were minimally phagocytosed by monocytes and macrophages compared to nanogels with 93 kPa modulus. Using PET/CT a significant difference in the blood circulation time of the nanogels was shown. Computer simulations affirmed the results and predicted the mechanism of cellular uptake of the nanogels. Altogether, this work emphasizes the important role of elasticity even for particles that are inherently soft such as nano‐ or microgels.
Asymmetric Defluoroallylation of 4‐Trifluoromethylpyridines Enabled by Umpolung C−F Bond Activation**
Authors: Zhou Fei‐Yu , Jiao Lei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCarbon–fluorine bond activation of the trifluoromethyl group represents an important approach to fluorine‐containing molecules. While selective defluorinative functionalization reactions of CF3‐containing substrates have been achieved by invoking difluorocarbocation, difluorocarboradical, or difluoroorganometallic species as the key intermediates, the transformations via fluorocarbanion mechanism only achieved limited success. Furthermore, the enantioselective defluorinative transformation of the CF3group remained a formidable challenge. Here we report a defluorinative functionalization reaction of 4‐trifluoromethylpyridines involving difluoro(pyrid‐4‐yl)methyl anion as the key intermediate, which was developed based upon our previous studies on theN‐boryl pyridyl anion chemistry. In particular, asymmetric defluoroallylation of 4‐trifluoromethylpyridines and ‐pyrimidines could be achieved by using Ir‐catalysis to forge a difluoroalkyl‐substituted chiral center.
Dual In Situ Laser Techniques Underpin the Role of Cations in Impacting Electrocatalysts
Authors: Hou Shujin , Xu Lili , Ding Xing , Kluge Regina M. , Sarpey Theophilus Kobina , Haid Richard W. , Garlyyev Batyr , Mukherjee Soumya , Warnan Julien , Koch Max , Zhang Shengli , Li Weijin , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S. , Fischer Roland A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the electrode/electrolyte interface is crucial for optimizing electrocatalytic performances. Here, we demonstrate that the nature of alkali metal cations can profoundly impact the oxygen evolution activity of surface‐mounted metal–organic framework (SURMOF) derived electrocatalysts, which are based on NiFe(OOH). In situ Raman spectroscopy results show that Raman shifts of the Ni−O bending vibration are inversely proportional to the mass activities from Cs+ to Li+. Particularly, a laser‐induced current transient technique was introduced to study the cation‐dependent electric double layer properties and their effects on the activity. The catalytic trend appeared to be closely related to the potential of maximum entropy of the system, suggesting a strong cation impact on the interfacial water layer structure. Our results highlight how the electrolyte composition can be used to maximize the performance of SURMOF derivatives toward electrochemical water splitting.
Laguerre‐based parametric order reduction for parametric systems by multi‐order Arnoldi
Authors: Yuan Jia‐Wei , Jiang Yao‐Lin , Qi Zhen‐Zhong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a parametric model order reduction approach based on scaled Laguerre expansion series is investigated in frequency domain for large‐scale parametric systems. The proposed approach is implemented by two algorithms: the one‐sided algorithm and the two‐sided algorithm. Based on modified multi‐Arnoldi process for construction of projection matrices, reduced parametric systems with high fidelity are achieved in the full range of parametric domain. The reduced parametric systems obtained by the proposed algorithms preserve not only the parametric dependence of the original parametric system but also the first several Laguerre coefficients. The proposed algorithms are verified by two benchmarks (a synthetic parametric system and a microthruster unit). Comparisons of the results of original and reduced systems show that the obtained reduced systems have high fidelity.