bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Odem’ Grape
Authors: Spiegel-Roy P. , Asaph R. , Baron I. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In a breeding program for table grapes initiated in 1968 at Bet Dagan, one of the objectives has been to breed late-ripening cultivars of Vitis vinifera. A late-ripening plant selected from a cross of ‘Zeni’ and ‘Toufahi’, made in 1969, is being named ‘Odem’.
Ashs Publications Manual; Abbreviation For Metric Ton
Authors: Lougheed E. C. , Johnson Hunter 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
My congratulations to the authors of the ASHS Publications Manual. I expect the manual is the most complete and up-to-date reference of its kind available. It should be required reading of all authors submitting manuscripts to ASHS publications, could very well serve as a guide to writing theses, and would be helpful to anyone writing in English.
Legume Cover Crops for Improving Crop and Soil Management in the Southern United States
Authors: Hoyt Greg D. , Hargrove William L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Legumes were an important component of crop rotations in the southern United States before World War II. In the post-war years, however, inexpensive and abundant fertilizer N diminished the role of N-fixing plants in cropping systems. There has been little research since 1960 on winter legumes in terms of their contribution to soil and crop management. Recent escalated costs of fertilizer N manufacture and concern over soil erosion has renewed interest in legumes and their role in cropping systems. Winter legume cover crops may provide significant quantities of fixed N while conserving soil and water resources and sustaining or improving soil productivity. This review presents both old and new information on the role of legumes in improving soil and crop management, particularly in the southern United States.
Effect of Nitrogen and Pruning on Primocane Fruiting Red Raspberry ‘Amity’
Authors: DeGomez Thomas E. , Martin Lloyd W. , Breen Patrick J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nitrogen was applied to red raspberry (Rubus ideaus L. cv. Amity) in the spring (March, April, and May) at 67 and 135 kg·ha−1, and 3 pruning treatments were imposed: a) pruning of dormant floricanes at 0 cm (ground level); b) pruning of dormant floricanes at 0 cm plus cutting back primocanes to 40 cm in mid-May; and c) pruning dormant floricanes to 20 cm. Date of flowering, time interval from flowering to fruit maturity, and fruit size were unaffected. High N (135 kg·ha−1) increased yield late in the harvest season, increasing total yield by 14% (8.1 vs. 7.0 MT·ha−1). Pruning back the current season primocanes increased the number of branched canes but reduced yield per cane and did not increase total yield.
Weed Control in Field-grown Boxwood and Photinia
Authors: Wehtje G. , Gilliam C. , Whitwell T. , Pounders C. , Webster W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Oryzalin, simazine, and metolachlor alone and in combination were evaluated for weed control in field-grown Korean boxwood (Buxus microphylla Siebold & Zucc. ‘Koreana’) and Photinia (Photinia × fraseri) at Belle Mina, Ala., over a 3-year production period. Treatments were applied twice during each growing season. Greatest control of the annual grass and broadleaf weed species was with oryzalin tank-mixed simazine at rates of either 2.2 + 0.8 or 3.4 + 1.1 kg a.i. per ha−1, respectively. These treatments were not injurious to either species and consistently resulted in the highest growth indices. No injury was detected when additional liners of boxwood were planted in the treated plots at the termination of the experiment. Chemical names used: 4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide (oryzalin); 6-chloro-N,N’-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (simazine); and 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide (metolachlor).
Use of Reduced Atmospheric Pressure for Control of the Green Peach Aphid on Harvested Head Lettuce
Authors: Aharoni Yair , Apelbaum Akiva , Copel Azika 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The influence of reduced atmospheric pressure on the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) heads was determined. Exposing lettuce heads to a pressure of 2.66 kPa for 52 hr resulted n 100% aphid mortality, whereas the lettuce marketing quality was not affected. In view of the marked requirement for aphid-free lettuce heads, commercial use of the nonchemical reduced pressure method is suggested.
Low-ethylene CA Storage of ‘McIntosh’ Apples in a Semi-commercial Sized Room
Authors: Liu F. W. , Turk J. R. , Samelson D. , Kenyon D. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘McIntosh’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) sprayed with 1000 or 2000 mg·liter−1 daminozide in July 1982 were harvested in September and stored in a semicommercial sized, low-ethylene controlled atmosphere (CA) room at 2.2 to 3.3°C until May 1983. An ethylene scrubber containing 45 kg of potassium permanganate-alumina beads and a blower kept the ethylene concentration below 0.05 μl·liter−1 throughout the storage period. Fruit samples were taken out of storage periodically for quality and shelf life evaluations. Most of the apples taken out in Apr. 1983 were still preclimacteric. Apples stored in the low-ethylene CA until May lost only 3.5% of their original flesh firmness. Comparable apples lost 24.2% of firmness in a commercial CA storage without ethylene scrubbing. During a 6-day holding period in air at 20°, the rates of softening of apples from both low-ethylene and commercial CA storage were substantially faster than the rate of softening of freshly harvested apples. Chemical names used: butanediolic acid mono(2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide).
A Nursery Irrigation–Syringe System that Monitors Environmental Parameters
Authors: Rionda M. Cuello , Davies F. T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A digital automated irrigation-syringe system (DAIS) that monitors environmental conditions for efficient plant cooling and water usage is described. The device consists of a short-cycle syringe irrigation control (intermittent irrigation) for reducing heat load and a long time cycle control for applying larger volumes of water during predetermined irrigation cycles. The syringe (intermittent irrigation) control is operated by selecting threshold levels based on soil and air temperatures and soil moisture. The longer time cycle control is based on a 24-hr cycle that provides regular cyclic irrigation adjusted for daily irrigation number(s) and time length of each irrigation. The DAIS can be used in nursery container and greenhouse production and can be applied to modeling of growth at different water regimes to determine water requirements for optimum crop growth.
In Vitro Propagation of Florists’ Hydrangea
Authors: Bailey Douglas A. , Seckinger Gary R. , Hammer P. Allen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effects of repetitive subculturing, cytokinin species and concentration, basal medium, and gelatinizing constituent were studied to maximize shoot multiplication of Hydrangea macrophylla Thunb. ‘Rose Supreme’ shoot tip cultures. Cytokinin treatments of BA or 2iP at 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 μm were incorporated into woody plant medium (WPM) solidified with 6 g·liter−1 Sigma agar. Cultures grown on 8 μm BA produced the greatest number of useable shoots per 4-week subculture. No treatment stimulated shoot multiplication until the 2nd subculture, after which shoot multiplication remained constant within treatments through the 5th subculture. Results indicate no difference in number of shoots produced per subculture on modified Gamborg's B5, modified Murashige and Skoog basal medium, or WPM when incorporating 8 μm BA and 6 g·liter−1 Sigma agar. No difference in shoot multiplication was observed between 6 g·liter−1 Sigma agar and 2 g·liter−1 Gel-Rite when incorporated into WPM containing 8 μm BA. However, culture fresh weight and shoot length was greater for cultures on Gel-Rite than for cultures on agar. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-lH-purin-6-amine (BA) and N-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-lH-purin-6-amine (2iP).
SPS: A System for Priming Seeds Using Aerated Polyethylene Glycol or Salt Solutions
Authors: Akers Stuart W. , Holley Kevin E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Potential benefits of priming seeds were first indicated by Levitt and Hamm in 1943 (14), reported for vegetable seed in 1963 by Ells (7), and summarized in 1975 by Hey-decker et al. (11). Effective priming causes the treated seed to germinate earlier and with greater uniformity than untreated seed (11). To date, the technique of priming seeds has been used to solve problems concerning thermodormancy (9), cold soil temperatures (15), and to increase the rate and uniformity of crop emergence (7, 10, 11). However, the methodology of priming, especially for PEG solutions, has not been readily adaptable to handling the large amounts of seed that would be required for commercial use (4, 10). Although the successful use of the SPS to ‘bulk’ prime carrot (12) and pepper (3) seeds has been reported, the design of the SPS and the methodology of its use have not been adequately described. Therefore, this report describes the SPS and the methodology that makes it functional.
Early Scale Propagation Results in Forcible Bulbs of Easter Lily
Authors: Matsuo E. , Tuy J. M. van 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bulb scales from different anatomical positions of Easter lily (Lilium lon-giflorum Thunb.) were field-propagated after the parent bulb had been treated for 0, 5, 10, or 15 weeks at 0°, 10°, 20°, or 30°C. Increasing the duration of bulb storage prior to propagation decreased the harvest weight of newly generated bulbs. Outer or middle scales increased weights of bulbs and numbers of forcible commercial bulbs. The innermost scales resulted in low weights and few forcible commercial bulbs.
Extension Volunteer Weather Observers Improve Services to Horticulture
Authors: Johnson G. L. , Perry K. B. , Sanders D. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A volunteer weather observing network sponsored by the North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service has been a valuable asset to horticulturists, agricultural meteorologists, and weather forecasters. Real-time temperature and precipitation data are used to assess microclimates and to compute derived parameters such as chilling hours and growing degree days. The procedures used to establish the network plus an example of its usefulness during a critical frost night are described.
Two-dimensional Partitioning of Yield Variation
Authors: Eaton G. W. , Bowen P. A. , Jolliffe P. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Total variation in yield per plant of long English cucumbers is partitioned by regression procedures into increments of variation due to successive morphological components. Variation in these increments is partitioned further by conventional analysis of variance. The results of this 2-way partitioning describe how treatments produce differences in yield through their effects on yield component variation. The method (2dimensional partitioning, TDP) offers a simple way to account for growth and yield variation in crops.
A Seed-cleaning Sluice for Fleshy-fruited Vegetables from Small Plots
Authors: Steiner Jeffrey J. , Letizia Benjamin F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A major difficulty in conducting seed production research with fleshy-fruited vegetables [e.g., pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.), and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)] is recovering and cleaning the seeds. Once seeds have matured within the fruit, it is necessary to crush the fruit and extract the seeds from the pulp.
‘Supreme’, ‘Beta-White’, and ‘One-Up’ Cauliflower
Authors: Honma Shigemi , Cash J. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three cauliflower [Brassica oleraceae L. (Botrytis group)] cultivars, Supreme, Beta-White, and One-Up, from the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station have performed well in the northern United States and Canada during the summer and fall in a few Southern states during the fall, winter, and spring. These cultivars produce marketable heads at 28° to 35°C (82-95°F) growing temperatures. The plant provides limited curd protection, so the leaves must be tied on large heads. These cultivars freeze well and have good raw and cooked flavor.
‘Grazia’ and ‘Patrizia’ Bush Bean
Authors: Allavena A. , Fadda A. , Soressi G. P. , Salamini F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Grazia’ (MV44) and ‘Patrizia’ (MV60) are yellow-podded bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) developed by the Experimental Institute for Vegetable Crops, Montanaso, Italy. These new bean cultivars were the result of a breeding effort started in 1971, using ‘Meraviglia di Venezia’ to develop bush, yellow-podded cultivars resistant to bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) suitable for mechanical harvesting. ‘Meraviglia di Venezia’ traditionally grown in Italy for the fresh market, is a wax pole bean cultivar with yellow, flat, fleshy pods. It can be referred to as ‘Burpee Golden Pole’, selected by the Burpee Company from an unknown European cultivar.
Wisconsin 1983 Cucumber
Authors: Peterson C. E. , Staub J. E. , Williams P. H. , Palmer M. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Wisconsin 1983 cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was released in Feb. 1984 by the USDA and the Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison to provide breeders with a line having high fruit quality and multiple-disease resistance to produce hybrid cultivars and germplasm for breeding purposes. (Resistance identified in green house evaluation for anthracnose and downy mildew was confirmed in field tests conducted by E.V. Wann, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, ARS/USDA, Charleston, S.C.)
Tomato Mutants: Freaks, Anomalies, and Breeders' Resources
Authors: Rick Charles M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The ghost mutant illustrated on the cover is one of the myriad monogenic variants known in the tomato. Although determined by a single gene (gh) of known chromosomal location, the homozygote is remarkably variable. It emerges with normal or slightly bleached cotyledons; the first true leaf is a mosaic of totally white and normal green areas; the subsequently developed leaves may have mostly green tissue, but are generally entirely white or light yellow phase; and either white or yellow phase can revert to patches or longitudinal stripes of the green phase. All selfed progeny from any of these phases are solely of gh phenotype. Although this mutant has elicited great interest as a possible example of transposable element activity, such activity has not been proven.
Tropical Horticulture: A Challenge
Authors: Fernandez Carlos Enrique 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The ASHS Tropical Region was founded in 1951 by a group of enthusiastic horticulturists working in the Caribbean and Latin America. This group was greatly inspired by Wilson Popenoe, a visionary in tropical horticulture who was dedicated to actions supporting agricultural development and the conservation of resources in Central America.
Root Systems of Vegetable Crops: A Brief Introduction
Authors: Kahn Brian A. , Stoffella Peter J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Roots have several vital functions in crop plants, including providing anchorage, absorbing and conducting water and nutrients, providing a “sink” (and sometimes a storage location) for assimilates, and synthesizing certain phytohormones. Yet, the statement made by Weaver and Bruner in 1927 (5) remains true today: “The roots of plants are the least known, least understood, and least appreciated parts of the plant”. This lack of understanding can be attributed to the fact that roots are usually out of sight, and to the tedious and difficult nature of root studies in situ.
Root System Effects on Lodging of Vegetable Crops
Authors: Stoffella Peter J. , Kahn Brian A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Lodging may be defined as “the state of permanent displacement of stems from their upright position” (31). Diverse factors are known to bring about lodging. Plants may be inherently weak and susceptible to lodging due to such traits as a low stem lignin content (4, 49) or a small root system (31, 40, 45). Plants may be weakened due to damage by insects or pathogens (24, 31). Cultural practices can increase lodging through increased plant populations (13, 31, 54), high fertilization rates (31, 54), irrigation (31, 54), or damage from cultivation (18). Both stem lodging and root lodging may occur. In stem lodging, the plant bends over or breaks at any point along its stem. In root lodging, straight and intact stems lean over from the ground level due to a disturbed or an inherently weak root system (31).
Presprouting, Root Size, and Cutting Related to Plant Production by Bedded Sweet Potato Roots
Authors: Hall Melvin R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Presprouting of ‘Georgia Jet’ sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] seed roots accelerated emergence from the plant bed and enhanced early, midseason, and total plant production. Small presprouted roots produced as many or more early and midseason plants as were produced by large presprouted roots, but small presprouted roots produced lighter-weight plants. Cutting the sweet potato roots before bedding did not affect plant weight nor enhance early or midseason plant production. Late season plant production was increased from transverse halves, which was reflected as a trend toward an increased total number of plants from transverse halves. Whole roots deteriorated less when presprouted than when not presprouted. Roots cut into longitudinal halves or cut transversely at the proximal tip deteriorated more when they had been presprouted than when not presprouted. Presprouting did not affect deterioration of transverse halves. Both whole roots and transverse halves had more plant primordia remaining after 5 weeks of harvest when they had been presprouted. Transverse halves had more plant primordia than whole roots when either presprouted or not presprouted. This may indicate potential for increasing total plant production with combinations of presprouting and transverse cutting of either root size.
Efficacy of a Hydrophilic Gel as a Transplant Aid
Authors: Henderson Janet C. , Hensley David L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Studies were conducted to determine the effect of a hydrophilic gel used as a medium amendment or root dip on plant response to moisture deficits. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling roots were dipped in water or hydrophilic gel solution (7.4 g·liter−1) and planted in sand or a 1 sand : 1 very fine sandy loam mixture (v/v). Seedlings were also planted in the same medium amended with 3 kg·m−3 hydrophilic gel. Leaf water potentials and stomatal resistances were determined at various times after a final irrigation. Significantly greater leaf water potentials occurred in new transplants in sand amended with gel than in control or root-dipped plants. No effect on either leaf water potential or stomatal resistance was apparent for any treatment in finer textured soils. There were no treatment effects on plants exposed to the same gel treatment and allowed to establish for 2 weeks prior to withholding water.
In Vitro Propagation of Ferocactus acanthodes (Cactaceae)
Authors: Ault James R. , Blackmon William J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tissue culture propagation of Ferocactus acanthodes (Lemaire) Br. & Rose was achieved by culturing apical explants from seedlings germinated in vitro. Axillary shoot proliferation was accomplished by culture on Murashige and Skoog (MS) mineral salts supplemented with 9 g·liter−1 agar, 87.6 mm sucrose, 1.1 mm NaH2PO4·H2O, 0.9 mm inositol, 0.2 mm adenine, 46.5 μm kinetin, 5.4 μm NAA, 8.1 μm nicotinic acid, 4.9 μm pyridoxine·HCl, and 3.0 μm thiamine·HCl. Shoot proliferation competence did not diminish through five subcultures. Shoots were rooted on the shoot proliferation medium minus kinetin, NAA, and adenine. Rooted shoots were established successfully in soil under high humidity in the greenhouse. Chemical names used: 1-napthalene-acetic acid (NAA), N(2-furanylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (kinetin).
The Effect of Sucrose and Ancymidol on the in Vitro Rooting of Nodal Sections of Asparagus
Authors: Desjardins Yves , Tiessen H. , Harney P. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Increasing the concentration of sucrose in media containing 5 μm ancymidol increased rooting, with about 95% rooting of two asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) selections (Guelph-97, ‘Jersey Centennial’) obtained with 7% sucrose. In the absence of ancymidol, there was no evidence that increased sucrose concentration increased rooting. The increased rooting was not due to an osmotic effect, since the replacement of sucrose by an equimolar concentration of mannitol did not improve rooting. Chemical names used; 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), N-(2-furanylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (kinetin), and α-cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol (ancymidol).
An Evaluation of the Effect of Three Cytokinins on Plating Efficiency in Protoplast Populations of Potato
Authors: Langille Alan R. , Prouty Karen Lee 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Protoplasts were isolated from potato Solanum tuberosum L. leaves (‘Russet Burbank’) and plated in cell layers containing either BA, kinetin, or 2iP at concentrations of 0, 0.005, 0.05, or 5.0 mg·liter−1. After 17 days in culture, plating efficiencies were determined and BA at the 0.5 and 0.05 mg· liter−1 concentrations was associated with significantly higher plating efficiencies than the other two sources. The methodology for following development of individual protoplasts is discussed. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (BA); N-(2-furanylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (kinetin); and N-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (2iP).
Rubidium Uptake as an Indicator of Citrus Root Damage
Authors: Wutscher H. K. , Schroeder W. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) seedlings grown in pots in a greenhouse had 1.8 times as much rubidium in the leaves when larvae of Diaprepes abbreviatus L., the West Indian sugarcane rootstalk borer, were feeding on their roots than weevil-free control trees. Manually inflicted damage to the roots simulating weevil damage had a similar effect. Rubidium uptake could be used to detect root damage as a nondestructive substitute for visual inspection of the roots.
Collecting Pyrus Germplasm in Yugoslavia
Authors: van der Zwet T. , Stankovic D. , Ristevski B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
During the early 1900s, several plant exploration trips to the Orient were made to collect Pyrus species from Japan, China, Korea, and Manchuria to search for resistance to fire blight [Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winsl. et al.]. Following numerous inoculations in various tree tissues, Reimer (15) reported the four most important species, ranked in descending order of blight resistance, as follows: P. ussuriensis Maxim, P. calleryana Deche, P. betulaefolia Bunge, and P. pyrifolia (Burn.) f. Nak. Pyrus ussuriensis and P. pyrifolia were used in earlier breeding programs and are the parent species of many oriental cultivars. However, their textures and flavors have not been accepted by most Americans. P. calleryana also has been used in the USD A pear breeding program, and selections of the 3rd backcross generation appear useful only for resistance.