bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing the Dual Faces of International–Civil Militarized Conflict (I-CMC): The Interstate Dimension
Authors: Diehl Paul F , Owsiak Andrew P , Goertz Gary 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study examines how different conflict-management attempts over a broad time period affect the dynamics of one dimension of international–civil militarized conflict (I-CMC): the hostility–peace levels of relationships between states involved in those conflicts as well as the frequency and severity of their interactions. Using new data compilations on these conflicts and the management efforts embedded in them, we assess how effective each of the approaches and various contextual influences are in moderating state–state hostilities as well as the relative effectiveness (e.g., mediation versus military intervention). Our empirical analysis confirms that conflict-management efforts generally, and with respect to different management types, do not alter the overall hostile–peaceful relationships between states involved in I-CMCs. The empirical results on micro effects of conflict management produced clearer impacts from conflict-management approaches and contextual factors. In terms of mitigating conflict frequency, negotiation, military intervention, and peace operations had some negative effects on the time density of future militarized disputes. All approaches (the above three and mediation) were able to delay the onset of new disputes. Various contextual factors enhanced or mitigated the effects of conflict-management approaches.
Integrase resistance emergence with dolutegravir/lamivudine with prior HIV-1 suppression
Authors: Revollo Boris , Viñuela Laura , de la Mora Lorena , García Federico , Noguera-Julián Marc , Parera Mariona , Paredes Roger , Llibre Josep M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Integrase resistance has not been reported with co-formulated dolutegravir/lamivudine in clinical trials or real-life cohorts. We aim to report, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of selection of the key integrase mutation R263K in a subject treated with this regimen started as a switch strategy with undetectable plasma HIV-1 viraemia.

Methods
Clinical case report.

Results
A patient with long-term suppressed HIV-1 viraemia (&lt;50 copies/mL) with no known risk factors for virological failure and never exposed previously to an integrase inhibitor developed virological failure (consecutive plasma HIV-1 RNA 149 and 272 copies/mL) with 322 CD4 cells/mm3 despite good treatment adherence. He was receiving the anticonvulsant clobazam, considered to have a potential weak interaction with dolutegravir, unlikely to require a dose adjustment. Plasma HIV-1 genotypic deep sequencing (Vela System) revealed the emergence of R263K (79.6%) and S230N (99.4%) mutations in the integrase region (intermediate resistance to dolutegravir, score = 30 Stanford HIVDB 9.0). The reverse transcriptase and protease regions could not be amplified due to low viral loads. PBMC DNA deep sequencing performed some months later revealed mutations M184I (14.29%) and M230I (6.25%) in the reverse transcriptase and G163R (9.77%) and S230N (98.8%) in the integrase. R263K was only found at extremely low levels (0.07%).

Conclusions
This case illustrates that integrase resistance can emerge in patients treated with co-formulated dolutegravir/lamivudine and raises awareness of the need to carefully consider and monitor drug–drug interactions, even when regarded as having a low potential, in subjects treated with dolutegravir/lamivudine.
Incorporation of a histone mutant with H3K56 site substitution perturbs the replication machinery in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Kang Xuan , Yang Xiaomei , Guo Xiaobo , Li Yabin , Yang Chenxin , Wei Huimin , Chang Jianfeng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sense mutations in several conserved modifiable sites of histone H3 have been found to be strongly correlated with multiple tissue-specific clinical cancers. These clinical site mutants acquire a distinctively new epigenetic role and mediate cancer evolution. In this study, we mimicked histone H3 at the 56th lysine (H3K56) mutant incorporation in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) by lentivirus-mediated ectopic expression and analyzed the effects on replication and epigenetic regulation. The data show that two types of H3K56 mutants, namely H3 lysine 56-to-methionine (H3K56M) and H3 lysine 56-to-alanine (H3K56A), promote replication by recruiting more minichromosome maintenance complex component 3 and checkpoint kinase 1 onto chromatin compared with wild-type histone H3 and other site substitution mutants. Under this condition, the frequency of genomic copy number gain in H3K56M and H3K56A cells globally increases, especially in the Mycl1 region, a known molecular marker frequently occurring in multiple malignant cancers. Additionally, we found the disruption of H3K56 acetylation distribution in the copy-gain regions, which indicates a probable epigenetic mechanism of H3K56M and H3K56A. We then identified that H3K56M and H3K56A can trigger a potential adaptation to transcription; genes involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway are partially upregulated, whereas genes associated with intrinsic apoptotic function show obvious downregulation. The final outcome of ectopic H3K56M and H3K56A incorporation in mESCs is an enhanced ability to form carcinomas. This work indicates that H3K56 site conservation and proper modification play important roles in harmonizing the function of the replication machinery in mESCs.
Single-molecule observation of self-propagating amyloid fibrils
Authors: Watanabe-Nakayama Takahiro , Ono Kenjiro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The assembly of misfolded proteins into amyloid fibrils is associated with amyloidosis, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and prion diseases. The self-propagation of amyloid fibrils is widely observed in the aggregation pathways of numerous amyloidogenic proteins. This propensity with plasticity in primary nucleation allows amyloid fibril polymorphism, which is correlated with the pathology/phenotypes of patients. Because the interference with the nucleation and replication processes of amyloid fibrils can alter the amyloid structure and the outcome of the disease, these processes can be a target for developing clinical drugs. Single-molecule observations of amyloid fibril replication can be an experimental system to provide the kinetic parameters for simulation studies and confirm the effect of clinical drugs. Here, we review the single-molecule observation of the amyloid fibril replication process using fluorescence microscopy and time-lapse atomic force microscopy, including high-speed atomic force microscopy. We discussed the amyloid fibril replication process and combined single-molecule observation results with molecular dynamics simulations.
Measuring PROMIS® Social Relationships in Early Childhood
Authors: Blackwell Courtney K , Lai Jin-Shei , Kallen Michael , Bevans Katherine B , Davis Matthew M , Wakschlag Lauren S , Cella David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
Apply the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) mixed-methods approach to develop and validate new parent-report measures of young children’s (1–5 years) family and peer relationships that conceptually align to those for 5–17 year olds.

Methods
Expert input, parent interviews, and reviews of theoretical and empirical literature were used to develop draft item pools, which were administered in two waves of panel surveys (N = 1,750). Psychometric evaluation was conducted using item response theory-based methods. Scores were normed to the general U.S. population. Initial validation analyses were conducted using Pearson’s correlations and analysis of variance to examine known-group differences between children with various health conditions.

Results
Experts and parents confirmed the content validity of existing PROMIS family and peer relationships domain frameworks and suggested adding child–caregiver interactions and empathic behaviors, respectively. Bi-factor model analysis supported sufficient unidimensionality where family and peer relationships were modeled as distinct subdomains of a broader concept, Social Relationships. The new measure was robust in discriminating young children with poor social relationships. Correlational and known-group analyses revealed positive associations with general health and well-being and negative associations with emotional and physical distress.

Conclusions
The PROMIS Early Childhood Parent-Report Social Relationships item bank enables clinicians and researchers a brief, efficient, and precise way to evaluate early relational health. Subdomain short forms also offer the ability to assess specific components (i.e., child–caregiver, family, and peer) for more targeted interventions and analyses.
Case report of mesenteric solitary fibrous tumour and review of the literature: ‘once in a blue moon’
Authors: Nicotera Antonella , Canova Gualtiero , Bono Dario , Gattoni Luca , Zago Marcello , Bonomo Luca Domenico 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is a rare mesenchymal tumour, usually originating from the serous surfaces, typically of the pleura and pericardium. However, it can also have localizations in soft tissues and visceral organs. We report the case of a 79-year-old woman affected by mesenteric SFT, localized in the sigmoid colon. We performed open excision of the abovementioned mass en-bloc with the sigmoid colon and left adnexal tissues. Pathological examination of surgical specimen revealed a diagnosis of SFT CD34+, high-risk of metastases. Mesenteric SFTs are even rarer forms of SFT and may be asymptomatic or cause intestinal occlusion. There is no consensus on the management of this tumour. Radical surgical excision is the only curative treatment, while adjuvant therapies are indicated in case of advanced disease. Due to the high metastatic risk of malignant forms, a long follow-up is mandatory in these cases.
All-purpose, all-sky photometric redshifts for the Legacy Imaging Surveys Data Release 8
Authors: Duncan Kenneth J 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we present photometric redshift (photo-z) estimates for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Legacy Imaging Surveys, currently the most sensitive optical survey covering the majority of the extragalactic sky. Our photo-z methodology is based on a machine-learning approach, using sparse Gaussian processes augmented with Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) that allow regions of parameter space to be identified and trained separately in a purely data-driven way. The same GMMs are also used to calculate cost-sensitive learning weights that mitigate biases in the spectroscopic training sample. By design, this approach aims to produce reliable and unbiased predictions for all parts of the parameter space present in wide area surveys. Compared to previous literature estimates using the same underlying photometry, our photo-zs are significantly less biased and more accurate at z &gt; 1, with negligible loss in precision or reliability for resolved galaxies at z &lt; 1. Our photo-z estimates offer accurate predictions for rare high-value populations within the parent sample, including optically selected quasars at the highest redshifts (z &gt; 6), as well as X-ray or radio continuum selected populations across a broad range of flux (densities) and redshift. Deriving photo-z estimates for the full Legacy Imaging Surveys Data Release 8, the catalogues provided in this work offer photo-z estimates predicted to be of high quality for ≳9 × 108 galaxies over ${\sim}19\, 400\, \text{deg}^{2}$ and spanning 0 &lt; z ≲ 7, offering one of the most extensive samples of redshift estimates ever produced.
AlgoSCR: an algorithm for solar contamination removal from radio interferometric data
Authors: Phan Anh , Das Santanu , Stebbins Albert , Timbie Peter , Ansari Reza , Zuo Shifan , Li Jixia , Oxholm Trevor , Wu Fengquan , Chen Xuelei , Sun Shijie , Wang Yougang , Zhang Jiao 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Hydrogen intensity mapping is a new field in astronomy that promises to make three-dimensional maps of the matter distribution of the Universe using the redshifted $21\, \textrm {cm}$ line of neutral hydrogen gas (HI). Several ongoing and upcoming radio interferometers, such as Tianlai, CHIME, HERA, HIRAX, etc., are using this technique. These instruments are designed to map large swaths of the sky by drift scanning over periods of many months. One of the challenges of the observations is that the daytime data are contaminated by strong radio signals from the Sun. In the case of Tianlai, this results in almost half of the measured data being unusable. We try to address this issue by developing an algorithm for solar contamination removal (AlgoSCR) from the radio data. The algorithm is based on an eigenvalue analysis of the visibility matrix and hence is applicable only to interferometers. We apply AlgoSCR to simulated visibilities, as well as real daytime data from the Tianlai dish array. The algorithm can reduce strong solar contamination by about 95 per cent without seriously affecting other weaker sky signals and thus makes the data usable for certain applications.
Dust mass loss during the recent outburst of comet C/2014 UN271 Bernardinelli–Bernstein
Authors: Wesołowski Marcin 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The paper presents the results of numerical simulations of the mass ejected during the outburst of comet C/2014 UN271 Bernardinelli–Bernstein in large heliocentric distances. Determining the value of the mass ejected is one of the key factors determining the amplitude of the cometary outburst. It was assumed in the considerations that the scattering of the incident sunlight takes place on dust aggregates and dust agglomerates. In both of these cases, the key parameter in the context of determining the value of the mass ejected is the fraction of the nucleus surface that was active during quiet sublimation and the outburst. It was determined that the value of the mass ejected that caused the outburst fluctuated in the range from 107 to 108 kg. Moreover, the outburst itself, by exposing a fragment of the nucleus, rejuvenates the surface, at least on the local scale. The calculations performed refer to the outburst of comet C/2014 UN271 Bernardinelli–Bernstein on September 9, 2021.
Smart Matching Platforms and Heterogeneous Beliefs in Centralized School Choice
Authors: Arteaga Felipe , Kapor Adam J , Neilson Christopher A , Zimmerman Seth D 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Many school districts with centralized school choice adopt strategy-proof assignment mechanisms to relieve applicants from needing to strategize based on beliefs about their own admissions chances. This article shows that beliefs about admissions chances shape choice outcomes even when the assignment mechanism is strategy-proof by influencing how applicants search for schools and that “smart matching platforms” that provide live feedback on admissions chances help applicants search more effectively. Motivated by a model in which applicants engage in costly search for schools and overoptimism can lead to undersearch, we use data from a large-scale survey of choice participants in Chile to show that learning about schools is hard, beliefs about admissions chances guide the decision to stop searching, and applicants systematically underestimate nonplacement risk. We use RCT and RD research designs to evaluate scaled live feedback policies in the Chilean and New Haven choice systems. Twenty-two percent of applicants submitting applications where risks of nonplacement are high respond to warnings by adding schools to their lists, reducing nonplacement risk by 58% and increasing test score value added at the schools where they enroll by 0.10 standard deviations. Reducing the burden of school choice requires not just strategy-proofness inside the centralized system but also choice supports for the strategic decisions that inevitably remain outside of it.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation May Not Stop Glutamate Release in the Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Fushimi Miki , Takeda Yoshimasa , Mizoue Ryoichi , Sato Sachiko , Kawase Hirokazu , Takasugi Yuji , Murai Satoshi , Morimatsu Hiroshi 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may not be sufficient to halt the progression of brain damage. Using extracellular glutamate concentration as a marker for neuronal damage, we quantitatively evaluated the degree of brain damage during resuscitation without return of spontaneous circulation.

Materials and Methods:
Extracellular cerebral glutamate concentration was measured with a microdialysis probe every 2 minutes for 40 minutes after electrical stimulation-induced cardiac arrest without return of spontaneous circulation in Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were divided into 3 groups (7 per group) according to the treatment received during the 40 minutes observation period: mechanical ventilation without chest compression (group V); mechanical ventilation and chest compression (group VC) and; ventilation, chest compression and brain hypothermia (group VCH). Chest compression (20 min) and hypothermia (40 min) were initiated 6 minutes after the onset of cardiac arrest.

Results:
Glutamate concentration increased in all groups after cardiac arrest. Although after the onset of chest compression, glutamate concentration showed a significant difference at 2 min and reached the maximum at 6 min (VC group; 284±48 μmol/L vs. V group 398±126 μmol/L, P=0.003), there was no difference toward the end of chest compression (513±61 μmol/L vs. 588±103 μmol/L, P=0.051). In the VCH group, the initial increase in glutamate concentration was suddenly suppressed 2 minutes after the onset of brain hypothermia.

Conclusions:
CPR alone reduced the progression of brain damage for a limited period but CPR in combination with brain cooling strongly suppressed increases in glutamate levels.
Duration of Postpartum Magnesium Sulphate for the Prevention of Eclampsia
Authors: Okonkwo Maureen , Nash Christopher M. 
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE:
To estimate the optimal duration of postpartum magnesium sulphate to prevent eclampsia.

DATA SOURCES:
MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched from inception until January 2020 and limited to English-language human randomized controlled trials. Search strategy included the key works “eclampsia,” “magnesium sulphate,” and “postpartum.”

METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:
Title, abstract, and full-text review was performed using Covidence data-management software. Of the 3,629 articles screened, 10 studies were included in the final review. Studies were included if they compared two different time points of magnesium sulphate postpartum in women with either preeclampsia or eclampsia.

TABULATION, INTEGRATION AND RESULTS:
Two authors reviewed studies independently. RevMan software was used to calculate risk difference (RD) for categorical outcomes and mean difference for continuous outcomes. Shorter duration of magnesium sulphate (12 hours or less) was not associated with increased risk of eclampsia compared with 24-hour postpartum regimens (RD −0.01, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.01, I2 70%). Studies randomizing women with preeclampsia did not show increased risk of eclampsia with shorter regimens (RD 0, 95% CI −0.01 to 0.01, I2 0%), nor did trials randomizing those with eclampsia (RD −0.04, 95% CI −0.14 to 0.07, I2 87%). Secondary outcomes, including flushing, duration of Foley catheter insertion, time to ambulation, and duration of hospital stay, were all reduced with shorter-duration magnesium sulphate.

CONCLUSION:
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that a shorter duration of postpartum magnesium sulphate does not increase the risk for eclamptic seizure; however, data remain underpowered to render firm conclusions.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION:
PROSPERO, CRD42020182432.
Digital Therapeutic Device for Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Weinstein Milena M. , Dunivan Gena , Guaderrama Noelani M. , Richter Holly E. 
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate whether pelvic floor muscle training using a motion-based digital intravaginal device is more effective than home pelvic floor muscle training for treatment of stress or stress-predominant mixed urinary incontinence (UI).

METHODS:
In a remote, virtually executed 8-week prospective randomized controlled superiority trial, women with stress or stress-predominant mixed UI were randomized to pelvic floor muscle training using a motion-based digital therapeutic device or a home training program using written and narrated instructions. Primary outcomes were change in UDI-6 (Urogenital Distress Inventory, Short Form) score and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) episodes on a 3-day bladder diary. A sample size of 139 per group (n=278) was planned to meet the power analysis requirements for the UDI-6 score (n=278) and the bladder diary (n=78). Prespecified secondary outcomes included quality-of-life surveys and adherence reporting.

RESULTS:
From September 2020 to March 2021, 5,353 participants were screened, and 363 were randomized: 182 in the intervention and 181 in the control group. There were no baseline clinicodemographic differences between groups. The mean change in UDI-6 score was significantly greater for the intervention group compared with the control group (18.8 vs 14.7, P=.01). The median (interquartile range) number of SUI episodes on the 3-day bladder diary was significantly reduced from 5 (3–8) and 5 (3–8) episodes to 1 (0–3) and 2 (1–4) (P=.005) in the intervention group compared with control group, respectively. A significantly greater number of participants in the intervention group than in the control group reported they were “much improved” or “very much improved” on the PGI-I (Patient Global Impression of Improvement) (63/143 [44.1% vs 45/156 [28.8%], odds ratio 1.94, 95% CI 1.21–3.15). There were no device-related severe adverse events.

CONCLUSION:
In this all-remote, virtually conducted trial, pelvic floor muscle training guided by a motion-based digital therapeutic device resulted in significantly improved UI symptoms and reduction of UI episodes compared with a home training program.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04508153.

FUNDING SOURCE:
Renovia Inc.