bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voltage Manipulation of Synthetic Antiferromagnetism in CoFeB/Ta/CoFeB Heterostructure for Spintronic Application
Authors: Peng Wanjun , Wang Lei , Li Yaojin , Du Yujing , He Zhexi , Wang Chenying , Zhao Yifan , Jiang Zhuangde , Zhou Ziyao , Liu Ming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe synthetic antiferromagnets (SAFs) with inserted heavy metal tantalum (Ta) are attracting an increasing interest due to the relatively large spin Hall angles, resulting in a much lower driven current for low‐power consumption, and the conduciveness to high magnetoresistance, showing more suitability for an application. Here, stable and reversible switching behavior is experimentally realized between antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling and ferromagnetic (FM) coupling in Co40Fe40B20/Ta/Co40Fe40B20/(011) Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 (PMN‐PT) multiferroic heterostructures after applying an external voltage, proved by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements. The indirect interaction shows no periodical oscillation with the layer thicknesses variation of FM layer or nonmagnetic (NM) layer experimentally, which is consistent with the previous reports in theoretical calculation. This work is instructive and guiding for a better understanding of SAFs and realizing the next generation of AFM spintronic devices.
Skin‐Mimicking, Stretchable Photodetector for Skin‐Customized Ultraviolet Dosimetry
Authors: Tan Xi‐Chao , Jian Jin‐Ming , Qiao Yan‐Cong , Hirtz Thomas , Dun Guan‐Hua , Guo Yi‐Zhe , Cui Tian‐Rui , Xu Jian‐Dong , Ji Shou‐Rui , Yang Yi , Ren Tian‐Ling 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite extensive research on photoelectric sensors that typically output signals to indicate the transient ultraviolet (UV) intensity, developing wearable, electrometric photodetectors that can reveal the cumulative UV exposure remains challenging. Here, an organic–inorganic hybrid bulk heterojunction (BHJ) is used to construct a skin‐mimicking, wearable photodetector, based on conductive polymer sensitized with semiconducting nanoparticles. Owing to the UV‐induced reduction reactions, the BHJ photodetectors (PDs) can long remember the UV radiation previously exposed. Moreover, based on the solution processability of bulk heterojunction blends and rich surface functional groups of polydopamine, BHJ PDs can fully inherit the ultraflexibility from electrospun fiber‐networked structure. Thus, this fiber‐configured photodetector is working well even at the strains of up to 60%. Without requiring any complicated analytical tool, its memory effect and simple‐to‐process output facilitate the working mechanism of power‐free UV monitor, while catering to the individual need of different skin types. This work combines the bottom materials design to the top device application, pointing out a new direction in wearable UV sensor technologies.
Bolaform Surfactant‐Induced Au Nanoparticle Assemblies for Reliable Solution‐Based Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection
Authors: García‐Lojo Daniel , Méndez‐Merino David , Pérez‐Juste Ignacio , Acuña Ángel , García‐Río Luís , Rodríguez‐Patón Alfonso , Pastoriza‐Santos Isabel , Pérez‐Juste Jorge 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSolution‐based surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection typically involves the aggregation of citrate‐stabilized Au nanoparticles into colloidal assemblies. Although this sensing methodology offers excellent prospects for sensitivity, portability, and speed, it is still challenging to control the assembly process by a salting‐out effect, which affects the reproducibility of the assemblies and, therefore, the reliability of the analysis. This work presents an alternative approach that uses a bolaform surfactant, B20, to induce the plasmonic assembly. The decrease of the surface charge and the bridging effect, both promoted by the adsorption of B20, are hypothesized as the key points governing the assembly. Furthermore, molecular dynamic simulations supported the bridging effect of the B20 by showing the preferential bridging of surfactant monomers between two adjacent Au(111) slabs. The colloidal assemblies showed excellent SERS capabilities towards the rapid, on‐site detection and quantification of beta‐blockers and analgesic drugs in the nanomolar regime, with a portable Raman device. Interestingly, the application of state‐of‐the‐art convolutional neural networks, such as ResNet, allows a 100% accuracy in classifying the concentration of different binary mixtures. Finally, the colloidal approach was successfully implemented in a millifluidic chip allowing the automation of the whole process, as well as improving the performance of the sensor in terms of speed, reliability, and reusability without affecting its sensitivity.
Tissue‐Like Sodium Alginate‐Coated 2D MXene‐Based Flexible Temperature Sensors for Full‐Range Temperature Monitoring
Authors: Zhao Lianjia , Fu Xiyao , Xu Hao , Zheng Yiqiang , Han Wei , Wang Lili 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTemperature is a basic physical quantity that is essential to life and productivity. However, continuously and efficiently monitoring a full range of temperatures remains a serious challenge. Herein, a full‐range (−20 to 100 °C) flexible temperature sensor is designed using Ti3C2Tx MXene as an active conductive skeleton and sodium alginate hydrogel as a heat‐sensitive coating layer. The sensor exhibits accurate and stable temperature response across the entire range, with a sensitivity of up to 3244% °C−1. Moreover, it not only dynamically detects liquid nitrogen, but also effectively senses gradually approaching objects within a certain range. Lastly, a temperature monitoring system based on the sensor realizes the perfect monitoring of a cold‐storage model. This work will inject new vitality into the development of temperature sensors.
Perspectives on Challenges and Achievements in Local Oxygen Transport of Low Pt Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Cheng Xiaojing , Shen Shuiyun , Wei Guanghua , Wang Chao , Luo Liuxuan , Zhang Junliang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe key to address the cost issue of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) lies on reducing Pt amount employed in cathode catalyst layers (CCLs). In past decades, researchers focus on developing series of alloy and core–shell electrocatalysts with high oxygen reduction reaction activity in order to alleviate the low Pt loading caused performance loss. However, it is noted that the concentration polarization loss resulting from the cathode oxygen transport plays a more important role as the Pt loading decreases, especially the local oxygen transport through the ultrathin ionomer film covering on Pt surface. This paper reviews the nanomorphology of the ultrathin perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomer film in CCLs, as well as the local oxygen transport mechanism and the corresponding effects on fuel cell performance in low Pt PEMFCs. In addition, both the detailed local oxygen transport properties in carbon black‐supported Pt membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) and high surface carbon‐supported MEAs are summarized. Subsequently, numerous innovative strategies and effective approaches of reducing the local oxygen transport resistance are introduced. The new insights proposed in this paper have important implications for enhancing local oxygen transport and designing high‐performance fuel cell electrodes.
Angular‐Encrypted Quad‐Fold Display of Nanoprinting and Meta‐Holography for Optical Information Storage
Authors: Wan Shuai , Tang Jiao , Wan Chengwei , Li Zhe , Li Zhongyang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe compactness and programmable versatility make metasurface a promising candidate for optical information encryption and storage. The typical strategy for storage capacity enhancement is essential to expand the metasurface multiplexing channels. Various controllable optical parameters are progressively realized for optical encryption and multiplexing, including wavelength, polarization, orbital angular momentum (OAM), forward/backward illumination, etc. However, as one of the most critical parameters, the incident wavevector (k) direction, namely, the illumination angle, has not been fully explored due to the lack of angular‐encoding capability. Herein, the angular‐encrypted freedom for both amplitude and phase manipulation is theoretically and experimentally achieved by strategically screening the architectural blocks to fulfill the complex‐amplitude requirement. Utilizing the angular‐induced alteration from surface plasmonic resonances (SPRs) and Fabry–Perot (FP) nanocavity resonances, a single angular‐encrypted metasurface has been successfully realized to simultaneously enable quad‐fold independent‐encoding channels, including dual‐holography and dual‐nanoprinting images. Compared to the spatial multiplexing scheme in many previous works, the angular‐encrypted strategy drastically boosts the information storage density and capacity. It is believed that the proposed angular‐encryption finds a new path to achieve multiplexing meta‐devices with fully controlled angular‐resolution and promisingly expands the information capacity for optical encryption with a brand‐new degree of freedom.
Highly Stable Lasing from Solution‐Epitaxially Grown Formamidinium‐Lead‐Bromide Micro‐Resonators
Authors: Afify Hany A. , Sytnyk Mykhailo , Rehm Viktor , Barabash Anastasiia , Mashkov Oleksandr , Osvet Andres , Volobuev Valentine V. , Korczak Jędrzej , Szczerbakow Andrzej , Story Tomasz , Götz Klaus , Unruh Tobias , Schüßlbauer Christoph , Thiel Dominik , Ullrich Tobias , Guldi Dirk M. , Brabec Christoph J. , Heiss Wolfgang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHigh‐quality epitaxial growth of oriented microcrystallites on a semiconductor substrate is demonstrated here for formamidinium lead bromide perovskite, by drop casting of precursor solutions in air. The microcrystallites exhibit green photoluminescence at room temperature, as well as lasing with low thresholds. Lasing is observed even though the substrate is fully opaque at the lasing wavelengths, and even though it has a higher refractive index as the perovskite active material. Moreover, the lasing is stable for more than 109 excitation pulses, which is more than what is previously achieved for devices kept in the air. Such highly stable lasing under pulsed excitation represents an important step towards continuous mode operation or even electrical excitation in future perovskite‐based devices.
The Contrasting Impacts of the Al2O3 and Y2O3 Insertion Layers on the Crystallization of ZrO2 Films for Dynamic Random Access Memory Capacitors
Authors: Seo Haengha , Yeu In Won , Kwon Dae Seon , Kim Dong Gun , Lim Junil , Kim Tae Kyun , Paik Heewon , Choi Jung‐Hae , Hwang Cheol Seong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study examines the influences of the Al2O3 and Y2O3 insertion layers (ILs) on the structural and electrical features of ZrO2 thin films for their application to dynamic random access memory capacitors. The ultra‐thin Al2O3 IL (0.1–0.2 nm) dissolves into the ZrO2 layers, which causes the top and bottom portions of the ZrO2 film to merge and have smaller lattice parameters. However, the thicker Al2O3 IL (>≈0.4 nm) forms a continuous layer and separates the top and bottom portions of the ZrO2 film. Interestingly, the diffusion of Al does not occur in this case. Overall, the dielectric constant (κ) of the ZrO2/Al2O3/ZrO2 film is lower than that of the undoped ZrO2 film due to the involvement of the low‐κ Al2O3 IL. In contrast, the Y2O3 IL does not interfere with the grain growth of ZrO2, rendering the continuous ZrO2 grain formation throughout the entire film thickness despite the presence of the continuous region with a higher Y‐concentration. The most crucial finding is that the Y‐doping significantly decreases the leakage current without sacrificing the dielectric constant. This leakage current decrease can be ascribed to the p‐type doping effect of Y ions in the n‐type ZrO2.
Multilevel surrogate modeling of an amine scrubbing process for CO2capture
Authors: Goldstein Dominik , Heyer Mathis , Jakobs Dion , Schultz Eduardo S. , Biegler Lorenz T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSurrogate models provide a powerful method for simplifying calculations within complex simulations. While surrogate models are broadly applied within chemical engineering, little research exists investigating the level of surrogacy's impact on a simplified process model. In this work, artificial neural networks (ANN) and Kriging models are used as surrogate models at the process, process unit, and thermodynamic levels for a CO2 amine scrubbing process. The surrogated models are evaluated against an Aspen Plus simulation for accuracy, convergence behavior, computational cost, and ability to extrapolate. The thermodynamic and process unit models can better handle discontinuous, non‐smooth behavior, and convergence issues in the surrogated truth model, but poor conditioning in the final system of equations results in a lower accuracy and convergence rate than the process level surrogate. Beyond model accuracy, availability of diverse data, intended re‐usability, and the desired outputs must be considered when selecting a level of abstraction.
Schertragverhalten in Arbeitsfugen: Stand der BAW‐Forschung und erste Anwendungsbeispiele
Authors: Malárics‐Pfaff Viktória , Höffgen Jan P. , Stephan Christoph 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWasserbauwerke erfahren hohe Beanspruchungen im Wesentlichen infolge Horizontallasten aus Erd‐ sowie Wasserdruck. Folglich kommt dem Nachweis gegenüber „Gleiten in der Arbeitsfuge“ gemäß DIN EN 1992‐1‐1:2011‐01 bei der Bewertung der Standsicherheit v. a. unbewehrter Beton‐ und Mauerwerkskonstruktionen eine besondere Rolle zu. In den gültigen Berechnungsformeln hierzu bleiben jedoch, insbesondere bei der Annahme der Reibungskoeffizienten, die speziellen Verhältnisse im Verkehrswasserbau unberücksichtigt. Daher befasst sich die Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau (BAW) seit einigen Jahren mit der Sicherstellung versuchstechnischer Grundlagen sowie der Festlegung erforderlicher Randbedingungen zur Bestimmung belastbarer, wasserbauspezifischer Reibungsbeiwerte zum Führen statischer Sicherheitsnachweise. Gleichzeitig fokussieren gezielte Forschungstätigkeiten auf die Herleitung geeigneter Modellmäßigkeiten zur Beschreibung des realitätsnahen Scherwiderstands unbewehrter Wasserbauwerke. Der Beitrag resümiert den aktuellen Erkenntnisstand zum Schertragverhalten in Betonier‐ bzw. Arbeitsfugen unbewehrter Beton‐ sowie in Mauerwerksbauten der Bundeswasserstraßen und gibt einen Ausblick auf anvisierte Untersuchungsaspekte. Sowohl Vorgehensweise als auch erarbeitete Auswertungsmethodik der Rahmenscherversuche lassen sich auf verkehrsträger‐ sowie fachbereichsübergreifende Anwendungen für Neu‐ und Bestandsbauten sowie für Instandsetzung von Bauwerken übertragen.
Development and optimization of Lysis gene E as a counter‐selection marker with high stringency
Authors: Chen Wei , Chen Ruyi , He Ling , Wu Xiaotong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeamless modification of bacterial chromosomes is widely performed in both theoretical and practical research. For this purpose, excellent counter‐selection marker genes with high stringency are needed.Main Methods and Major ResultsThe lysis gene E was first constructed under the control of the PL promoter and the cI857 repressor. At 42°C, it could effectively kill Escherichia coli and seamless modification in this bacterium using E as a counter‐selection marker was successfully conducted. It also works in another gram‐negative strain, Serratia marcescens, under the control of the Arac/PBAD regulatory system. By combining lysis gene E and kil, the counter‐selection frequencies of the PL‐kil‐sd‐E cassette in E. coli reached 4.9 × 10−8 and 3.2 × 10−8 at two test loci, which are very close to frequencies observed with the best counter‐selection systems reported, the inducible toxin systems. Under the control of the Arac/PBAD, the counter‐selection frequency of PBAD‐kil‐sd‐E in S. marcescens reached the level of 10−7 at four test loci. By expressing the araC gene from plasmid pKDsg‐ack, 5‐ to 17‐fold improvements in counter‐selection stringency were observed at these loci. A surprisingly low counter‐selection frequency of 4.9 × 10−9 was obtained at the marR‐1 locus, which reflects the highest stringency for a counter‐selection cassette reported thus far. Similarly, at the araB locus of E. coli, the counter‐selection frequency of PBAD‐kil‐sd‐E was 3 × 10−9 after introducing plasmid pKDsg‐ack.Conclusions and ImplicationsWe have developed and optimized a new universal counter‐selection marker based on lysis gene E. The best counter‐selection stringency of this new marker exceeds the inducible toxin system several fold. Our work can also provide inspiration for improving counter‐selection stringency based on existing markers.
Non‐invasive and time‐resolved measurement of the respiration activity of Chinese hamster ovary cells enables prediction of key culture parameters in shake flasks
Authors: Ihling Nina , Munkler Lara Pauline , Paul Richard , Berg Christoph , Reichenbächer Britta , Kadisch Marvin , Lang Dietmar , Büchs Jochen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundShake flasks are frequently used for mammalian cell suspension cultures. For process development and routine culture monitoring, information on culture behavior is needed early on.Main methods and major resultsHere, cell‐specific oxygen uptake rates (qO2) of two CHO cell lines were determined from shake flask experiments by simultaneous measurement of oxygen transfer rates (OTR) and viable cell concentrations (VCC). For cell line one, qO2 decreased from 2.38·10−10 to 1.02·10‐10 mmol cell−1 h−1 during batch growth. For cell line two, qO2 was constant (1.90·10−10 mmol h−1). Determined qO2 values were used to calculate the VCC from OTR data. Cumulated oxygen consumption and glucose consumption were correlated for both cell lines and enabled calculation of glucose concentrations from OTR data. IgG producing cell line one had an oxygen demand of ∼15 mmoloxygen gglucose−1, cell line two consumed ∼5 mmoloxygen gglucose−1. The established correlations for determination of VCC and glucose were successfully transferred to subsequent cultivations for both cell lines. Combined measurement of the OTR and the carbon dioxide transfer rate enabled quantitative determination of the lactate concentration (production and consumption) without sampling.Conclusions and implicationsTaken together, non‐invasive measurement of the respiration activity enabled time‐resolved determination of key culture parameters for increased process understanding in shake flasks.
Metabolomics study of the effect of Danggui Buxue Tang on rats with chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Miao Xiaoyao , Li Shuo , Xiao Bingkun , Yang Jianyun , Huang Rongqing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDanggui Buxue Tang (DBT), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for ‘invigorating qi and enriching blood’, has been reported to produce a good effect on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). However, the related mechanism remains largely undetermined. This study devised a metabolomics approach with GC–MS combined with pattern recognition to estimate the extent to which DBT alleviated CFS induced by food restriction and force swimming in rats. After 4 weeks of treatment, the endurance capability of rats was significantly better, and the motionless time was significantly shorter in the DBT group than in the CFS model group. Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase increased, whereas the levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha decreased in the DBT treatment group. Fifteen significantly changed metabolites were observed in the serum of rats with CFS, which was reversed markedly by DBT treatment. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that DBT could possibly alleviate CFS in rats by regulating the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan and the metabolism of glycine, serine, threonine, glycerolipid, glyoxylate, dicarboxylate, and tyrosine. It was observed that the metabolism of glycine, serine, and threonine was most closely related to the improvement in CFS by DBT treatment. This study showed that DBT could improve CFS effectively, and metabolomics was a powerful means to gain insights into the TCM formulas against CFS.
Presurgical cognitive status in patients with low‐grade glioma and epilepsy: Testing the effects of seizures, antiseizure medications, and tumor localization
Authors: Guarracino Ilaria , Pauletto Giada , Ius Tamara , Palese Francesca , Skrap Miran , Tomasino Barbara 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundLow‐grade gliomas (LGGs) are frequently associated with epilepsy. There are few studies addressing the impact of seizures, antiseizure medications (ASMs), and lesion localization on presurgery cognitive functioning.MethodsWe tested the relation between the above‐mentioned variables in a continuous series of 73 young patients (mean age 38.3 years ± 11.7) affected by LGGs and epilepsy. The anatomical areas, involved in this sample, were the left insula with surrounding cortical and subcortical areas, the right precentral gyrus/rolandic operculum, and the white matter and cortical regions beneath.ResultsPatients’ presurgery cognitive status was within the normal range, with borderline performance for some tasks. We tested whether lower scores were related with lesion or with epilepsy‐related factors. Multiple regression identified variables that predict test scores. The Token test score was predicted by a model (p = .0078) containing the DT2T1 MRI, corrected for seizure features. Object naming performance was predicted by a model (p = .0113) containing the localization, the DT2T1 MRI, corrected for sex, EEG, and onset. Verbal fluency score was predicted by a model (p = .0056) containing the localization and the DT2T1 MRI, corrected for AEDs and EEG. Working memory score was predicted by a model (p = .0117) containing Engel class, the DT2T1 MRI, corrected for sex. Clock drawing score was predicted by a model (p < .0001) containing the Engel class, AEDs, and EEG. TMT A score was predicted by a model (p = .0022) containing localization, corrected for EEG. TMT B‐A score was predicted by a model (p = .0373) containing localization. Voxel Lesion Symptom Mapping analyses carried out on patients’ lesion volumes confirmed that patients’ level of performance correlated with lesion‐related variables.ConclusionThis preliminary study indicates that the presurgical level of performance for language tasks and for cognitive flexibility and shifting is mainly predicted by lesion‐related variables, working memory by both lesion and epilepsy‐related variables. Epilepsy clinical and instrumental characteristics predicted performance for visuospatial planning.
Oncolytic effect of SARS‐CoV‐2 in a patient with mycosis fungoides: A case report
Authors: Ohadi Laya , Hosseinzadeh Fatemeh , Dadkhahfar Sahar , Nasiri Soheila 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe most common variant of cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (CTCL) is mycosis fungoides (MF). Patients with MF often experience a chronic course of disease. The spontaneous regression (SR) of MF is rare, and the factors that predict SR have not been recognized yet. Here, we are reporting a case of persistent MF who had prominent remission after COVID‐19. This case report supports the possible antineoplastic effect of SARS‐CoV‐2. Understanding the underlying etiology of such effect can result in development of new target therapies for MF.