bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical utility of tumour mutational burden on efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in malignant solid tumours: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xiang Xuemei , Li Yunming , Yang Xiaoguang , Guo Wang , Zhou Pengfei 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionA major development in solid malignancy treatment is the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which have produced durable responses and increased survival rates. However, the therapeutic effect of ICIs has great heterogeneity in patients with cancer. We propose a systematic review to evaluate the predictive value of tumour mutation burden (TMB) on efficacy of ICIs.Methods and analysisA systematic literature search will be conducted in the PubMed, OVID, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Library databases up to 31 May 2022. We will compare the efficacy of ICIs between TMB high group and TMB low group in terms of the HRs of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), and the OR of the objective response rate/overall response rate (ORR). The HRs of PFS and OS, and the OR of ORR, will be measured by an inverse variance weighted fixed effects model (I2≤50%) or a DerSimonian-Laird random effects model (I2>50%). In addition, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, heterogeneity analysis and publication bias will be conducted. We plan to conduct a subgroup analysis on age, sex, area, number of patients (high/low TMB), cancer type, tumour size, stage, line of therapy, TMB sequencing method, type of immunotherapy and follow-up period.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval and informed consent are not needed, as the study will be a literature review and will not involve direct contact with patients or alterations to patient care. This systematic review is anticipated to be finished in December 2023, and the results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021262480.
Clinicopathological characteristics, genetics and prognosis of patients with myeloid sarcoma: a single-center study
Authors: Demir Derya , Hekimgil Mine , Karaca Emin , Ulusoy Yusuf , Özdemir Hamiyet Hekimci , Saydam Güray , Durmaz Burak , Akın Haluk , Çetingül Nazan , Tombuloğlu Murat , Özsan Nazan 
Published: August 2022

AimMyeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare tumour comprising myeloid blasts occurring at an anatomical site other than the bone marrow. We sought to investigate both paediatric and adult patients with MS diagnosed at our institution and determine possible correlations among their clinicopathological, phenotypic, molecular and prognostic features.MethodsThis study retrospectively evaluated the data of 45 patients diagnosed with MS at Ege University Faculty of Medicine Hospital, Turkey, over a 17-year period.ResultsThe male-to-female ratio was 1.5:1, and the median age was 39.12 years. The most commonly involved sites were the skin, lymph nodes, soft tissues and bone. Immunohistochemically, CD68-KP1 was the most commonly expressed marker, followed by CD33, myeloperoxidase, CD117, lysozyme, CD68-PGM1 and CD34. Of the patients, 26 (57.7%) presented with de novo MS, 7 (15.5%) had simultaneous acute myeloid leukaemia and 12 (26.8%) had a previous history of haematological disorders. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the 2-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 46.4% and 39.8%, respectively; the median OS duration was 11 months. Increasing age had a negative prognostic relationship with survival (p = 0.04). Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in approximately 6/10 (60%) of paediatric patients and 6/9 (66.7%) of adult patients. t(8;21)(q22;q22) translocation was identified in 20% of paediatric patients.ConclusionsMS diagnosis is usually challenging; an expanded immunohistochemical panel should be used for an accurate diagnosis. Although MS generally has a poor prognosis, increasing age appears to be associated with a worse outcome.
Proportionality, wrongs and equipoise for natural immunity exemptions: response to commentators
Authors: Pugh Jonathan , Savulescu Julian , Brown Rebecca CH , Wilkinson Dominic 
Published: August 2022

We would like to thank each of the commentators on our feature article for their thoughtful engagement with our arguments. All the commentaries raise important questions about our proposed justification for natural immunity exemptions to COVID-19 vaccine mandates. Thankfully, for some of the points raised, we can simply signal our agreement. For instance, Reiss is correct to highlight that our article did not address the important US-centric considerations she helpfully raises and fruitfully discusses. We also agree with Williams about the need to provide a clear rationale for mandates, and to obtain different kinds of data in support of possible policies.Unfortunately, we lack the space to engage with every one of the more critical comments raised in this rich set of commentaries; as such, in this response, we shall focus on a discussion of hybrid immunity, which underlies a number of different arguments evident in the commentaries, before concluding with some reflections responding to Lipsitch’s concern about the appropriate standard of proof in this context.
Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome: Clinical and Molecular Analysis of 50 Individuals
Authors: Aubert-Mucca Marion , Huber Céline , Baujat Genevieve , Michot Caroline , Zarhrate Mohammed , Bras Marc , Boutaud Lucile , Malan Valérie , Attie-Bitach Tania ,   Clinical Contributors, Cormier-Daire Valerie 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundEllis-Van Creveld (EVC) syndrome is one of the entities belonging to the skeletal ciliopathies short rib–polydactyly subgroup. Major signs are ectodermal dysplasia, chondrodysplasia, polydactyly and congenital cardiopathy, with a high degree of variability in phenotypes ranging from lethal to mild clinical presentations. TheEVCandEVC2genes are the major genes causative of EVC syndrome. However, an increased number of genes involved in the ciliopathy complex have been identified in EVC syndrome, leading to a better understanding of its physiopathology, namely,WDR35,GLI1,DYNC2LI1,PRKACA,PRKACBandSMO. They all code for proteins located in the primary cilia, playing a key role in signal transduction of the Hedgehog pathways.MethodsThe aim of this study was the analysis of 50 clinically identified EVC cases from 45 families to further define the phenotype and molecular bases of EVC.ResultsOur detection rate in the cohort of 45 families was of 91.11%, with variants identified inEVC/EVC2(77.8%),DYNC2H1(6.7%),DYNC2LI1(2.2%),SMO(2.2%) orPRKACB(2.2%). No distinctive feature was remarkable of a specific genotype–phenotype correlation. Interestingly, we identified a high proportion of heterozygous deletions inEVC/EVC2of variable sizes (26.92%), mostly inherited from the mother, and probably resulting from recombinations involving Alu sequences.ConclusionWe confirmed thatEVCandEVC2are the major genes involved in the EVC phenotype and highlighted the high prevalence of previously unreported CNVs (Copy Number Variation).
Novel triple barrier potential for axial gravitational perturbations of a family of Lorentzian wormholes
Authors: Dutta Roy Poulami 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe study the behavior of a specific Lorentzian wormhole family under gravitational perturbations. In earlier work (EPJC 80:850, 2020), we have proved the stability of a test scalar field in the background of the wormhole family, where the effective potential was that of a double barrier. Continuing with the stability analysis, here we focus on the more physically relevant scenario, that of axial gravitational perturbations. Interestingly, we find that the effective potential is a triple barrier for lower angular momentum modes. This raises important questions on the ringdown of the corresponding wormhole geometry as well as the gravitational wave echo profile that we try to answer through our work. We study in detail how the geometry of each member wormhole affects the quasinormal modes, the time evolution of the signal as well as echoes which are, in general, very feeble in comparison to the main signal. Different ‘cleaning’ techniques have been used to obtain the echo profile in the time evolution of the signal. Lastly, we dwell on the possibility of our wormhole family as a candidate black hole mimicker, as long as its stability is proven under all kinds of perturbations. We briefly present a comparison of the ringdown characteristics of these wormholes with that of a black hole, in support of this speculation.
Effects of the quark anomalous magnetic moment in the chiral symmetry restoration: magnetic catalysis and inverse magnetic catalysis
Authors: Farias Ricardo L. S. , Tavares William R. , Nunes Rodrigo M. , Avancini Sidney S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this work, we consider the effect of a constant anomalous magnetic moment (AMM) of quarks in the SU(2) Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model in the mean field approximation. To this end, we use the Schwinger ansatz, which represents a linear magnetic field term in the Lagrangian. A regularization method inspired in the vacuum magnetic regularization (VMR) is adopted to avoid ultraviolet divergences. Our results indicate a smooth decrease of the pseudocritical temperature and quark condensates for magnetic fields $$B \le 0.1$$

B
≤
0.1

GeV$$^2$$

2

when a sizable AMM is considered. We found only a small window for Inverse Magnetic Catalysis (IMC), in contradiction with NJL predictions made in the literature. For a low value of AMM, we observe for all ranges of magnetic fields considered that the pseudocritical temperature increases with the magnetic field, indicating only Magnetic Catalysis (MC). In our approach, for nonvanishing quark AMM, the chiral symmetry restoration happens always as a smooth crossover and never turns into a first order phase transition.
QCD corrections in $$tq\gamma $$ production at hadron colliders
Authors: Kidonakis Nikolaos , Yamanaka Nodoka 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe study QCD corrections for the associated production of a single top quark and a photon ($$tq\gamma $$

t
q
γ

production) at hadron colliders. We calculate the NLO cross section at LHC and future collider energies for a variety of kinematical cuts, and we estimate uncertainties from scale dependence and from parton distributions. We also calculate differential distributions in top-quark transverse-momentum and rapidity as well as photon energy. Finally, we study higher-order corrections from soft-gluon emission for this process, and we provide approximate NNLO (aNNLO) results for the cross section and top-quark differential distributions. We also compare our calculations with recent measurements from CMS and ATLAS at the LHC and find that the aNNLO corrections improve the comparison between the data and the Standard Model predictions.
An introduction to Quaternary geoarchaeology of India
Authors: Tiwari Nupur , Singh Vivek , Mehra Shashi B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The present introduction to
Quaternary Geoarchaeology of India
discusses the historical background of the research carried out in India in the field of the Quaternary Period. It talks about the specific contributions made by scholars on the subject of geoarchaeology in the recent past. This special volume consists of 19 chapters contributed by various scholars working in earth sciences and geoarchaeology fields. It is divided into three sections: (1) landscape geoarchaeology, (2) applications in geoarchaeology and (3) reviews. The volume aims to represent the recent advances in the field of Quaternary geoarchaeology in India, which is generally under-represented and is usually restricted from reaching a global scholarly audience.
Analysis of Clinical Manifestations and Prognostic Factors Affecting Osteosarcoma
Authors: Wei Jianghua , Liang Zhizhong , Xu Gang 
Published: August 2022

Objective. This study is aimed at exploring the clinical manifestations and prognostic factors of osteosarcoma. Methods. The clinical data of patients with osteosarcoma who were treated in our hospital from January 2018 to March 2020 were selected for retrospective analysis. The general information of the patients, including age, gender, tumor diameter, tumor location, tumor type, surgical method, and Enneking stage, distant disease metastasis, KPS score, and the number of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, were grouped by prognosis for statistical analysis. The clinical characteristics, morbidity and mortality, and prognostic factors of patients were statistically analyzed. Results. Among the 83 patients in this group, there were 52 males and 31 females,

59

tumors
>
10

cm

in diameter and

24

tumors
<
10

cm

in diameter, 16 tumors in the upper limbs and 67 tumors in the lower limbs, 25 tumors in osteoblastoma, 16 tumors in chondroblastoma, 42 tumors in fibroblastoma, 62 tumors in stage II, and 21 tumors in stage III of Enneking stage, 10 tumors in distant metastasis, and 10 tumors in distant metastasis. The death rate of this group was 19.28% (16/83). Multifactor regression analysis confirmed that the Enneking stage III, distant metastasis,

KPS

score
<
70

, and the number of

postoperative

adjuvant

chemotherapy
<
6

were important factors influencing the death of osteosarcoma (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Enneking stage III, distant metastasis,

KPS

score
<
70

, and the number of

postoperative

adjuvant

chemotherapy
<
6

are important influencing factors of osteosarcoma death. Clinical practice can take corresponding preventive and control measures according to the existence of these factors to ensure a good prognosis.
Detection of Bow Echoes in Kilometer-Scale Forecasts Using a Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Mounier Arnaud , Raynaud Laure , Rottner Lucie , Plu Matthieu , Arbogast Philippe , Kreitz Michaël , Mignan Léo , Touzé Benoît 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Bow echoes (BEs) are bow-shaped lines of convective cells that are often associated with swaths of damaging straight-line winds and small tornadoes. This paper describes a convolutional neural network (CNN) able to detect BEs directly from French kilometer-scale model outputs in order to facilitate and accelerate the operational forecasting of BEs. The detections are only based on the maximum pseudoreflectivity field predictor (“pseudo” because it is expressed in mm h−1 and not in dBZ). A preprocessing of the training database is carried out in order to reduce imbalance issues between the two classes (inside or outside bow echoes). A CNN sensitivity analysis against a set of hyperparameters is done. The selected CNN configuration has a hit rate of 86% and a false alarm rate of 39%. The strengths and weaknesses of this CNN are then emphasized with an object-oriented evaluation. The BE largest pseudoreflectivities are correctly detected by the CNN, which tends to underestimate the size of BEs. Detected BE objects have wind gusts similar to the hand-labeled BE. Most of the time, false alarm objects and missed objects are rather small (e.g., <1500 km2). Based on a cooperation with forecasters, synthesis plots are proposed that summarize the BE detections in French kilometer-scale models. A subjective evaluation of the CNN performances is also reported. The overall positive feedback from forecasters is in good agreement with the object-oriented evaluation. Forecasters perceive these products as relevant and potentially useful to handle the large amount of available data from numerical weather prediction models.
The Demise of the Knowledge–Action Gap in Climate Change Education
Authors: Mooney Margaret E. , Middlecamp Cathy , Martin Jonathan , Ackerman Steve A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Advances in science literacy documented in an undergraduate course on Climate and Climate Change at the University of Wisconsin–Madison (UW) in 2020 raised the question: Does the new climate knowledge translate into behavior change? Traditionally a “knowledge–action gap” has undermined educators’ efforts to galvanize actions toward mitigating climate change. Through a survey focused on carbon footprint and civic engagement and testimonials gleaned from students’ capstone elevator speeches, this study presents an encouraging update on young adults’ response to the climate crisis. By comparing responses to a similar survey distributed to UW students in another undergraduate course in 2021, we show that the course focused on ­Climate and Climate Change motivated behavior modifications that lighten the carbon footprint to a greater degree than a traditional introductory meteorology course.
Improving the Forecast Performance of the DSAEF_LTP Model by Incorporating TC Translation Speed Similarity
Authors: Jia Li , Ren Fumin , Ding Chenchen , Wang Mingyang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Dynamical–Statistical–Analog Ensemble Forecast model for Landfalling Typhoon Precipitation (DSAEF_LTP) was developed as a supplementary method to numerical weather prediction (NWP). A successful strategy for improving the forecasting skill of the DSAEF_LTP model is to include as many relevant variables as possible in the generalized initial value (GIV) of this model. In this study, a new variable, TC translation speed, is incorporated into the DSAEF_LTP model, producing a new version of this model named DSAEF_LTP-4. Then, the best scheme of the model for South China is obtained by applying this model to the forecast of the accumulated rainfall of 13 landfalling tropical cyclones (LTCs) that occurred over South China during 2012–14. In addition, the forecast performance of the best scheme is estimated by forecast experiments with eight LTCs in 2015–16 over South China, and then compared to that of the other versions of the DSAEF_LTP model and three NWP models (i.e., ECMWF, GFS, and T639). Results show further the improved performance of the DSAEF_LTP-4 model in simulating precipitation of ≥250 and ≥100 mm. However, the forecast performance of DSAEF_LTP-4 is less satisfactory than DSAEF_LTP-2. This is mainly because of a large proportion of TCs with anomalous tracks and more sensitivity to the characteristics of experiment samples of DSAEF_LTP-4. Of significance is that the DSAEF_LTP model performs better than three NWP models for LTCs with typical tracks.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study is to improve the performance of the Dynamical–Statistical–Analog Ensemble Forecast model for Landfalling Typhoon Precipitation (DSAEF_LTP) model by incorporating typhoon translation speed similarity. Compared with the dynamical models, which are more prone to misses, the DSAEF_LTP model is more prone to false alarms. The superiority of the DSAEF_LTP model shows especially in predicting the precipitation of TCs with typical tracks.
Historical Review and Modern Case of Spontaneous Laryngeal Abscess
Authors: Rohlfing Matthew L , Kan Krystal , Tierney William S , Plocienniczak Michal J , Edwards Heather A , Tracy Lauren F 
Published: August 2022

Objective: Laryngeal abscesses are rare in the modern antibiotic era. Historically, they were associated with systemic infections including typhoid fever, measles, gonorrhea, syphilis, and tuberculosis. More recent authors have described cases resulting from iatrogenic injury and immunosuppression. This report presents a novel case of laryngeal abscess in the setting of uncontrolled diabetes and a detailed review of modern, reported cases of spontaneous laryngeal abscess. Methods: Report of a single case. Also, PubMed was queried for cases of laryngeal abscess since 1985. Case report: A 58-year-old male with poorly controlled diabetes presented with odynophagia, dysphagia, and dyspnea. He had biphasic stridor, and flexible laryngoscopy showed reduced mobility of bilateral vocal folds and narrowed glottic airway. He was taken urgently for awake tracheostomy and microdirect laryngoscopy. Laryngoscopy demonstrated fullness and fluctuance of the right hemilarynx. The abscess cavity was entered endoscopically via paraglottic incision extending into the subglottis. The patient was treated with an 8-week course of ampicillin-sulbactam with resolution of infection. Results: Seven additional cases of spontaneous laryngeal abscesses published after 1985 were identified. In total, 6 of 8 had some form of immunodeficiency (75%). The most common presenting symptoms were dysphonia (8/8, 100%), odynophagia (5/8, 62.5%), and dyspnea/stridor (4/8, 50%). All cases were treated with surgical incision and drainage. Conclusions: Laryngeal abscesses are rare in the era of modern antibiotics. This review confirms that the majority of recent episodes occurred in the setting of immunodeficiency and are caused by non-tubercular bacteria. These infections are commonly associated with impaired vocal fold mobility which may contribute to dyspnea, stridor, and airway compromise. Surgical intervention is necessary for treatment and culture-directed antimicrobial therapy. Poorly controlled diabetes is a newly described context for development of spontaneous laryngeal abscess.
Predicting strength outcomes for upper limb nerve transfer surgery in tetraplegia
Authors: Stanley Edward A. , Hill Bridget , McKenzie Dean P. , Chapuis Pierre , Galea Mary P. , van Zyl Natasha 
Published: August 2022

We report a retrospective study of 112 nerve transfers in 39 participants to investigate predictors of strength outcomes after nerve transfer surgery for upper limb reanimation in tetraplegia. We measured clinical and pre- and intraoperative neurophysiological assessment variables and compared them with strength outcomes 2 years after nerve transfer surgery. We found statistically significant improvement in Medical Research Council strength grades after nerve transfer surgery with lower cervical spine injuries (between one and two grades), lower donor nerve stimulation thresholds (half of a grade), greater motor evoked potential activity in recipient nerves (half of a grade) and greater muscle responses to intraoperative stimulation of donor (half of a grade) and recipient nerves (half of a grade). Level of evidence: III
Fruit Availability Influences Forest Elephant Habitat Use in a Human Dominated Landscape, Campo-Ma’an, Southern Cameroon
Authors: Djoko Isaac B. , Weladji Robert B. , Granados Alys , Paré Patrick , Body Guillaume 
Published: August 2022

Background and Research Aim African forest elephants ( Loxodonta cyclotis) are critically endangered yet research on factors influencing their resource use is limited in Central Africa. We assessed the influence of fruit availability, land use types, and anthropogenic activity on forest elephant presence and relative abundance in the southwest part of the Campo-Ma’an Technical Operational Unit (CMTOU) to better understand elephant habitat use in human dominated systems and inform elephant management strategies. Methods We used 17 camera trap stations and surveyed 17 line transects to monitor forest elephant presence and relative abundance as a function of fruit availability, tree species richness, and land use types. Our study area spanned a gradient of human disturbance and included a National Park (NP), Forest Management Unit (FMU), and Community Land (CL). Results Forest elephants were more likely to occur in areas with increased fruit availability and tree species richness. Also, the likelihood of their presence was higher in CL than in FMU and NP. Elephant relative abundance was negatively affected by human activities such as hunting and logging. The relationship between elephant relative abundance and fruit availability was stronger in CL and NP as compared to the FMU. Elephant relative abundance was higher during the rainy season. Conclusion Forest elephant habitat use was positively affected by fruit availability across land use types, and negatively affected by human activities in the southwest part of the CMTOU. Implications for Conservation Continued monitoring of elephant responses to food availability in CMTOU is warranted to track changes in elephant habitat use. Knowledge of the distribution of fruiting trees consumed by forest elephants may allow managers to predict hotspots of habitat use, and to therefore develop effective management strategies.