bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preference for shared decision-making among Arabic-speaking people with chronic diseases: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alzubaidi Hamzah , Samorinha Catarina , Saidawi Ward , Hussein Amal , Saddik Basema , Scholl Isabelle 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesTo assess Arabic-speaking patients’ preference for involvement in decision-making in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and characterise people who preferred involvement in decision-making.DesignCross-sectional quantitative study. The conduct and reporting of this research complied with Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines for cross-sectional studies.SettingParticipants were recruited from outpatient clinics of 10 major hospitals in four cities in the UAE: Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah and Umm al Quwain.ParticipantsAdult patients with at least one chronic disease completed a cross-sectional survey consisting of 37 items in six sections measuring variables that may influence preferred involvement in decision-making. These included health literacy, health status, unanswered questions about care and satisfaction with treatment decisions. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the predictors of patients’ preferred involvement in decision-making.ResultsA total of 516 participants completed the survey. One-in-four participants preferred shared decision-making. Preferred involvement in decision-making was more frequent among women, not married, unemployed, people who rarely/never had unanswered questions and participants with anxiety/depression symptoms. After adjustment, not being married (OR=1.634; 95% CI 1.049 to 2.544) remained as a predictor of preferred involvement in decision-making, while having unanswered questions (OR=0.612; 95% CI 0.393 to 0.954) and problems in self-care were predictors of a preference for paternalistic decision-making (OR=0.423; 95% CI 0.181 to 0.993).ConclusionsContrary to the results from Western countries, this study showed that a majority of Arabic-speaking patients with chronic diseases preferred a paternalistic decision-making model. At the same time, some subgroups of Arabic-speaking people (eg, women, unemployed patients) had a higher preference for participation in decision-making. Physicians’ support and changes in healthcare systems are required to foster Arabic-speaking patients’ involvement in treatment decision-making process.
Non-erythropoiesis-stimulating agent, non-iron therapies for the management of anaemia: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Devlin Paula , Davies Amelia , Dugan Cory , Richards Toby , Miles Lachlan F 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionPreoperative anaemia is associated with poor postoperative outcomes and is the strongest predictor of allogenic blood transfusion, which contributes further to patient morbidity. Emphasis has been placed on correcting anaemia prior to surgery to mitigate these outcomes. Conflicting evidence exists regarding the benefit of currently recommended interventions. With greater understanding of iron haemostasis and erythropoiesis, novel therapies have been identified. These are at varying stages of development with some demonstrating promising results in patients with chronic kidney disease. It is not known how these agents have been studied outside this population, particularly in the perioperative context. To address this, we will conduct a scoping review of the published literature to chart the evidence.Methods and analysisThe scoping review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews framework. The electronic database search will include Scopus, MEDLINE (Ovid) and Excerpta Medica database (Ovid), with no language restrictions, and will include all publications since 1 January 2010. This review will have three objectives: (1) to describe the mechanisms of action for novel agents, (2) to describe the level of evidence and stage of development of novel agents in a perioperative setting, and (3) to determine the potential agents suitable for prospective controlled trials in a preoperative or postoperative patient cohort and aiming to improve patient-centred outcomes. The review process will involve two reviewers with a third reviewer resolving disagreements. Data will be extracted and organised with subsequent analysis.Ethics and disseminationThis scoping review does not require research ethics approval. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and inform the development of future prospective trials based on established evidence from potential therapeutic agents.Trial registration numberThis protocol has been registered prospectively on the Open Science Framework registry (DOI:10.17605/OSF.IO/SM3UH,https://osf.io/sm3uh/?view_only=39876ccf7a4348dfbd566535b957a7db).Cite Now
Restoration of cardiac metabolic flexibility by acetate in high-fat diet-induced obesity is independent of ANP/BNP modulation
Authors: Olaniyi K.S. , Atuma C.L. , Sabinari I.W. , Hadiza M. , Saidi A.O. , Akintayo C.O. , Ajadi I.O. , Olatunji L.A. 
Published: April 2022

The present study hypothesized that cardiac metabolic inflexibility is dependent on cardiac atrial natriuretic peptide/brain natriuretic peptide (ANP/BNP) alteration and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. We further sought to investigate the therapeutic potential of short-chain amino acid (SCFA) acetate in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rat model. Adult male Wistar rats were assigned into groups ( n = 6 per group): Control, Obese, and Sodium acetate (NaAc)-treated and Obese + NaAc-treated groups received distilled water once daily (oral gavage), 40% HFD ad libitum, 200 mg/kg NaAc once daily (oral gavage), and 40% HFD + NaAc, respectively. The treatments lasted for 12 weeks. HFD resulted in increased food intake, body weight, and cardiac mass. It also caused insulin resistance and enhanced β-cell function, increased fasting insulin, lactate, plasma and cardiac triglyceride, total cholesterol, lipid peroxidation, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, HDAC, and cardiac troponin T and γ-glutamyl transferase, and decreased plasma and cardiac glutathione with unaltered cardiac ANP and BNP. However, these alterations were averted when treated with acetate. Taken together, these results indicate that obesity induces defective cardiac metabolic flexibility, which is accompanied by an elevated level of HDAC and not ANP/BNP alteration. The results also suggest that acetate ameliorates obesity-induced cardiac metabolic inflexibility by suppression of HDAC and independent of ANP/BNP modulation.
Particle detection and tracking with DNA
Authors: O’Hare Ciaran A. J. , Matsos Vassili G. , Newton Joseph , Smith Karl , Hochstetter Joel , Jaiswar Ravi , Kyaw Wunna , McNamara Aimee , Kuncic Zdenka , Grellscheid Sushma Nagaraja , Bœhm Céline 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present the first proof-of-concept simulations of detectors using biomaterials to detect particle interactions. The essential idea behind a “DNA detector” involves the attachment of a forest of precisely-sequenced single or double-stranded nucleic acids from a thin holding layer made of a high-density material. Incoming particles break a series of strands along a roughly co-linear chain of interaction sites and the severed segments then fall to a collection area. Since the sequences of base pairs in nucleic acid molecules can be precisely amplified and measured using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the original spatial position of each broken strand inside the detector can be reconstructed with nm precision. Motivated by the potential use as a low-energy directional particle tracker, we perform the first Monte Carlo simulations of particle interactions inside a DNA detector. We compare the track topology as a function of incoming direction, energy, and particle type for a range of ionising particles. While particle identification and energy reconstruction might be challenging without a significant scale-up, the excellent potential angular and spatial resolution ($$\lesssim 25^\circ $$

≲

25
∘

axial resolution for keV-scale particles and nm-scale track segments) are clear advantages of this concept. We conclude that a DNA detector could be a cost-effective, portable, and powerful new particle detection technology. We outline the outstanding experimental challenges, and suggest directions for future laboratory tests.
Routing Games in the Wild: Efficiency, Equilibration, Regret, and a Price of Anarchy Bound via Long Division
Authors: Monnot Barnabé , Benita Francisco , Piliouras Georgios 
Published: April 2022

Routing games are amongst the most well studied domains of game theory. How relevant are these pen-and-paper calculations to understanding the reality of everyday traffic routing? We focus on a semantically rich dataset that captures detailed information about the daily behavior of thousands of Singaporean commuters and examine the following basic questions:

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Does the traffic stabilize?

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Is the system behavior consistent with latency-minimizing agents?

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Is the resulting system efficient?

In order to capture the efficiency of the traffic network in a way that agrees with our everyday intuition we introduce a new metric, the
Free-flow Index (FFI)
, which reflects the inefficiency resulting from system congestion. Along the way, we provide the first model-free computation of an upper bound to the price of anarchy utilizing only real world measurements of traffic data.
OpenVSLAM
Authors: Sumikura Shinya , Shibuya Mikiya , Sakurada Ken 
Published: April 2022

Visual simultaneous localization and mapping (VSLAM) systems are essential for augmented reality devices, autonomous control of robots and drones, etc. However, conventional open-source visual SLAM frameworks are not designed to be called as libraries from third-party programs. To overcome this situation, we have developed OpenVSLAM [1-3], a novel visual SLAM framework, and released it as open-source software under the 2-clause BSD license.
OpenVSLAM was presented and won first place in ACM Multimedia 2019 Open Source Software Competition.
In this article, we show examples of using OpenVSLAM and hope that this encourages and enables further use of OpenVSLAM in research and development.
Tumor-Derived Lactic Acid Modulates Activation and Metabolic Status of Draining Lymph Node Stroma
Authors: Riedel Angela , Helal Moutaz , Pedro Luisa , Swietlik Jonathan J. , Shorthouse David , Schmitz Werner , Haas Lisa , Young Timothy , da Costa Ana S.H. , Davidson Sarah , Bhandare Pranjali , Wolf Elmar , Hall Benjamin A. , Frezza Christian , Oskarsson Thordur , Shields Jacqueline D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Communication between tumors and the stroma of tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN) exists before metastasis arises, altering the structure and function of the TDLN niche. Transcriptional profiling of fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC), the dominant stromal population of lymph nodes, has revealed that FRCs in TDLNs are reprogrammed. However, the tumor-derived factors driving the changes in FRCs remain to be identified. Taking an unbiased approach, we have shown herein that lactic acid (LA), a metabolite released by cancer cells, was not only secreted by B16.F10 and 4T1 tumors in high amounts, but also that it was enriched in TDLNs. LA supported an upregulation of Podoplanin (Pdpn) and Thy1 and downregulation of IL7 in FRCs of TDLNs, making them akin to activated fibroblasts found at the primary tumor site. Furthermore, we found that tumor-derived LA altered mitochondrial function of FRCs in TDLNs. Thus, our results demonstrate a mechanism by which a tumor-derived metabolite connected with a low pH environment modulates the function of fibroblasts in TDLNs. How lymph node function is perturbed to support cancer metastases remains unclear. The authors show that tumor-derived LA drains to lymph nodes where it modulates the function of lymph node stromal cells, prior to metastatic colonization.
Political and Social Aspects of Godparenthood in Early Modern Venice: Spiritual Kinship and Patrician Society
Authors: Vidali Andrew 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In late medieval and early modern Europe, baptism was the object of confrontation between civil society and the Church. This article will outline the involvement of the Venetian government from the early sixteenth century. This legislation, aimed to shape the practice of godparenthood among Venetian patricians in both Venice and its empire, will be examined until the mid-seventeenth century. In particular, the article will highlight the transformations in the networks established by Venetian nobles throughout the sixteenth century. At the same time, it will focus on the political use of spiritual kinship in the electoral and governorship contexts, and explain how it was a useful way to improve diplomatic relations between states.
The Object-Based and Process-Based Regulation of Genome Editing
Authors: Koščík Michal , Vladíková Eliška 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The article explores whether the broader regulatory framework applicable to the member states of the EU contains suitable tools to react to the rapid advances in science, especially as to the question of germline editing technologies. From the perspective of EU member states, the regulatory framework is fragmented between norms of international law, secondary EU law and national legislation. The rules and their interpretation are strongly influenced by the concept of precaution, which reflects the concern that there is not enough knowledge to assess the impact of genome editing technology on individuals, society and future populations. However, the argument of precaution loses its strength with every new scientific discovery. The expanding knowledge in the field creates the need to replace regulation, which is based on the lack of knowledge (such as precautionary moratoriums) by the regulation that is based on the actual knowledge. The article reaches a conclusion that the EU framework for advanced treatments and medicinal products is in a state where it can, in principle, address the questions associated with the safety and efficacy of germline editing technologies. The EU framework is, however, not suitable to assess the moral and societal impacts of new technology, which should be left for member states.
Genome Editing: Learning from Its Past and Envisioning Its Future
Authors: Sandor Judit 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
With the technical possibility of genome editing, we have reached a new phase of transforming human beings and even altering our genetic legacy. Genome editing constitutes new responsibilities in many fields. Science and society have never been as dependent on each other as they are today. We must also learn from the past episodes of eugenics and we need to investigate fraudulent practices and cases of failure in scientific research that have often occurred due to merciless scientific competition, profit-seeking commercial interests, or individual pride. Genome editing raises numerous legal questions, such as: Would it be possible to make a legal difference between specific versions of gene editing? Who decides on what is considered a disease or an anomaly, a condition, or a variation? Which diseases are worth being corrected or treated and which ones are not? What kinds of social implications will gene editing bring about when it becomes widely available? Some normative distinctions have already been made in the case of gene therapy: separating somatic from germline interventions. But this distinction has not yet been analyzed in the light of the most recent editing practices. Genome editing also realigns the structure of ethical debates. It makes us rethink the concept of discrimination and scrutinize its cases in the field of assisted reproductive procedures. It revolutionizes the concept of medical treatment. It may increase or reduce inequalities based on health conditions. It may lead to numerous new rights in the field of genetics. Good genome editing practice can only be achieved through the close cooperation between the natural and social sciences. The present paper will endeavor to examine this new form of dialogue.
The Nexus between International Law and Science
Authors: Orangias Joseph 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Limited legal analysis exists of how scientific expert bodies participate in multilateral treaty-making. This impedes effective collaboration between treaty-making and scientific expert bodies. This article analyses how scientific expert bodies (1) participate in multilateral treaty-making and (2) how they interface with treaty-making bodies. Based on an updated conceptual framework of the general multilateral treaty-making process, the makings of two treaties are studied: the Paris Agreement and the International Legally Binding Instrument on marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction. In these case studies, scientific expert bodies had three integral roles: preparing evidence for treaty-making bodies, scientifically advising these bodies and directly exchanging with them. When scientific bodies directly exchanged with treaty-making bodies, they interfaced through intergovernmental body sessions or dialogical events. In conclusion, this study provides evidence of the nexus between international law and science for improved multilateral treaty-making.
Google’s Tech Philanthropy: Capitalism and Humanitarianism in the Digital Age
Authors: Henriksen Sofie Elbæk , Richey Lisa Ann 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Transnational tech companies have become important actors in global philanthropy. Led by tech giants such as Google, this tech philanthropy consists not just of donating funds to expert organizations and ngo s but also, importantly, in using the companies’ own expertise and products to create social impact. This philanthropy is celebrated as innovative and criticized as exploitative for its novel ways of combining capitalism with global helping. But in what way is tech philanthropy novel and to what extent does it continue the well-worn historical trajectory of humanitarianism and capitalism? In this paper, we analyze the philanthropic practices of Google focusing on the company’s current attempt to link philanthropy to the big business of artificial intelligence (ai). Based on ethnographic data collected at the “Google ai Impact Challenge Summit” in San Francisco and interviews with tech and humanitarian stakeholders, we highlight the entanglements of capitalism and humanitarianism in tech philanthropy.
Tropical Cyclone Size Is Strongly Limited by the Rhines Scale: Experiments with a Barotropic Model
Authors: Lu Kuan-Yu , Chavas Daniel R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Recent work found evidence using aquaplanet experiments that tropical cyclone (TC) size on Earth is limited by the Rhines scale, which depends on the planetary vorticity gradient β. This study aims to examine how the Rhines scale limits the size of an individual TC. The traditional Rhines scale is first reexpressed as a Rhines speed to characterize how the effect of β varies with radius in a vortex whose wind profile is known. The framework is used to define the vortex Rhines scale, which is the transition radius that divides the vortex into a vortex-dominant region at smaller radii, where the axisymmetric circulation is steady, and a wave-dominant region at larger radii, where the circulation stimulates planetary Rossby waves and dissipates. Experiments are performed using a simple barotropic model on a β plane initialized with a TC-like axisymmetric vortex defined using a recently developed theoretical TC wind profile model. The gradient β and initial vortex size are each systematically varied to investigate the detailed responses of the TC-like vortex to β. Results show that the vortex shrinks toward an equilibrium size that closely follows the vortex Rhines scale. A larger initial vortex relative to its vortex Rhines scale will shrink faster. The shrinking time scale is well described by the vortex Rhines time scale, which is defined as the overturning time scale of the circulation at the vortex Rhines scale and is shown to be directly related to the Rossby wave group velocity. The relationship between our idealized results and the real Earth is discussed. Results may generalize to other eddy circulations, such as the extratropical cyclone.

Significance Statement
Tropical cyclones vary in size significantly on Earth, but how large a tropical cyclone could potentially be is still not understood. The variation of the Coriolis parameter with latitude is known to limit the size of turbulent circulations, but its effect on tropical cyclones has not been studied. This study derives a new parameter related to this concept called the “vortex Rhines scale” and shows in a simple model how and why storms will tend to shrink toward this size. These results help explain why tropical cyclone size tends to increase slowly with latitude on Earth and can help us understand what sets the size of tropical cyclones on Earth in general.
Utilizing the High-Resolution Ensemble Forecast System to Produce Calibrated Probabilistic Thunderstorm Guidance
Authors: Harrison David R. , Elliott Matthew S. , Jirak Israel L. , Marsh Patrick T. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The High-Resolution Ensemble Forecast system (HREF) calibrated thunder guidance is a suite of probabilistic forecast products designed to predict the likelihood of at least one cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flash within 20 km (12 miles) of a point during a given 1-, 4-, and 24-h time interval. This guidance takes advantage of a combination of storm attribute and environmental fields produced by the convection-allowing HREF to objectively improve upon lightning forecasts generated by the non-convection-allowing Short-Range Ensemble Forecast system (SREF). This study provides an overview of how the HREF calibrated thunder guidance was developed and calibrated to be statistically reliable against observed CG lightning flashes recorded by the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN). Performance metrics for the 1-, 4-, and 24-h guidance are provided and compared to the respective SREF calibrated probabilistic lightning forecasts. The HREF calibrated thunder guidance has been implemented operationally within the National Weather Service and is now available to the public.

Significance Statement
The NOAA Storm Prediction Center has created a suite of new calibrated probabilistic thunderstorm guidance products from a convection-allowing model ensemble, the HREF. The new guidance is a notable improvement over the long-running SREF calibrated thunder guidance and is now operational across the National Weather Service.
Direct and indirect effects of maternal and sibling intimacy on adolescents’ volunteering via social responsibility values: A longitudinal study
Authors: Maiya Sahitya , Whiteman Shawn D. , Dayley Jenna C. , Serang Sarfaraz , Wray-Lake Laura , Kelly Brian C. , Maggs Jennifer L. , Mustillo Sarah A. 
Published: April 2022

This study investigates the direct and indirect effects of maternal and sibling relational intimacy on adolescents’ volunteering behaviors via their social responsibility values. Participants included two adolescents (50% female; M age = 1 year) and one parent (85% female; M age = 45 years) from 682 families ( N = 2046) from an ongoing longitudinal study. Adolescents self-reported their intimacy with mothers and siblings (Time 1), social responsibility values (Time 1), and volunteering (Times 1 and 2); parents reported on sociodemographic characteristics (i.e., gender, birth order, and family income). Results from a structural equation model indicated that after accounting for adolescents’ earlier volunteering, both maternal and sibling intimacy were indirectly related to greater volunteering via social responsibility values. There were no significant direct effects from maternal or sibling intimacy to adolescents’ volunteering. Results indicate that both mothers and siblings are important in socializing prosocial and civic values and behaviors during adolescence.