bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oh, the places you will grow: Intraspecific latitudinal clines in butterfly size suggest a phylogenetic signal
Authors: Merwin Andrew C. , Hilliard Justin , Larsen Ashley , Lasken Andrew G. , Johnson Icesstrená 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWithin an animal species, the body sizes of individuals at higher latitudes are often different from individuals at lower latitudes. For homeothermic species that maintain a relatively constant body temperature, such as mammals and birds, individuals at higher latitudes tend to be larger. For ectothermic species, such as insects, that do not retain their own body heat and which often do not maintain a relatively constant body temperature, patterns of body size with latitude are highly variable. This has led some authors to contend that patterns in even closely related species cannot be expected to be similar. Indeed, to our knowledge, no studies of invertebrates have found that more closely related species have more similar relationships between body size and latitude. Further, no studies have investigated the potential influence of diet quality on interspecific differences in these clines. We measured wing lengths of specimens (N = 1753) in eight lycaenid butterfly species and one species of the sister family, Riodinidae to determine if more closely related species have similar latitudinal trends. We also estimated the mean nitrogen content of caterpillars’ hosts to investigate whether this often‐limiting nutrient influences the strength and direction of latitudinal clines in body size. We found that four species are significantly smaller at higher latitudes, an additional species is marginally smaller at higher latitudes (p < .06), and four species had no significant relationship with latitude. We also found a strong phylogenetic signal for latitudinal clines in body size among our species, which indicates that some closely related species may have similar clines. However, the strength and direction of these clines did not depend on the estimated nitrogen content of caterpillars’ hosts. Our results indicate that mean nitrogen content of hosts may not be an important driver in latitudinal clines but that phylogenetic relationships among species should be accounted for when exploring other potential drivers of body‐size clines in invertebrate species.
Complexes of NOTA‐Monoamides with CuII Ions: Structural, Equilibrium, and Kinetic Study
Authors: Kubinec Jan , Širůčková Viktorie , Havlíčková Jana , Kotek Jan , Kubíček Vojtěch , Lubal Přemysl , Hermann Petr 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNOTA monoamides are commonly and widely used chelators for the complexation of copper radioisotopes applied in molecular imaging and targeted nuclear therapy. However, information about their coordination behavior remains scarce. In this study, two NOTA‐monoamides, N‐ethyl (H2L1) and N,N‐diethyl (H2L2), were synthesized as model ligands and tested to probe differences in their coordination behavior between the secondary and tertiary amide pendant arms for potential applications as copper radioisotope carriers. Our results demonstrated that the solid [Cu(L1)] and [Cu(L2)] complex have a distorted octahedral arrangement, similar to structure of the [Cu(Hnota)] complex. As shown by equilibrium data, the ligands have a slightly lower basicity, and thus complexes with divalent metal ions and LiI have slightly lower stability constants than those of the parent ligand, H3nota. The dissociation constants of the CuII, ZnII and NiII complexes with H2L1 also indicate deprotonation and N‐coordination of the secondary amide group at pH>9. Complexation of CuII ions with the title ligands is slower than that with H3nota but still very fast (quantitative binding in <1 s, pH 2, millimolar concentrations), and CuII complexes of both monoamide ligands are more resistant to acid‐assisted decomplexation than the CuII‐H3nota complex. Therefore, our coordination data highlight that NOTA‐monoamides are suitable chelators for molecular imaging and nuclear medicine.
Investigation of slaughterhouse waste anaerobic digestion in a pilot‐scale mesophilic reactor
Authors: Khitous Mohamed , Saber Meryem , Tirichine Nassima , Aiouaz Fatma 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSlaughterhouses generate highly polluted effluents, and if not treated before discharge can cause major adverse environmental and public health impacts. Treatment of this waste by anaerobic digestion can reduce those impacts while producing a potentially valuable source of energy. The purpose of this study was to investigate this process efficiency under pilot operating conditions for a more accurate scaling up. Blood waste from a slaughterhouse was treated in a pilot‐scale digester of 30 dm3 total volume under mesophilic temperature conditions. Operating parameters such as pH, alkalinity, organic loading, volatile fatty acids, biogas composition, total and volatile solids were monitored in order to study the behavior of the fermentation process. The results show that no significant inhibition were caused by the accumulation of volatile fatty acids, due to the high buffering capacity of treated sludge. An efficient reduction of organic matter was obtained with a COD decrease of about 67% within 40 days of fermentation. The biogas produced was of a good quality with high CH4 yields (above 70%) and low CO2 yields, corresponding to a biomethane potential of 225.9 dm3 CH4/kg TVS. Logistic model described accurately the methane production kinetic and enables an easy process scaling up for industrial applications.
Experimental and analytical study on ground motion characteristics under structure cluster disturbance
Authors: Du Zhenyu , Guo Tong , Wang Jishuai , Yu Shuqi , Liu Jie , Liu Xianglei , Shen Chongyang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSoil‐structure cluster dynamic interaction (SSCI) has a significant effect on structural responses as well as ground motions for soft soil, while investigations on the latter remain limited. In this paper, four test models, including the free field model, soil‐single structure model, soil‐equal height structure cluster model, and soil‐multiple height structure cluster model, were manufactured and investigated through large scale shaking table tests. The effect of structure numbers, layouts, structural dynamic characteristics and seismic spectrum characteristics on the ground motions was discussed. On this basis, finite element analysis and wavelet packet decomposition were employed to further investigate the evolution rule of cluster effect. The results manifested that, due to the structure cluster, the predominant period of the original free field could be elongated notably and earthquake response spectrum in the long period domain was amplified, especially under the excitation of seismic waves with abundant low‐frequency components. The influence of SSCI on ground motions is chiefly reflected in the variation of site predominant period and the soil damping during the vibration. In addition, the cluster effect on ground motion presents a monotonous degressive trend with the increase of the structural spacing, and its attenuation rate is negatively correlated with structural height, while the difference in ground motion due to different structure numbers becomes insignificant with the increase of structural spacing.
Factors affecting the seismic collapse performance of realistic low‐rise braced frame buildings, including soil structure interaction and foundation flexibility
Authors: Wichman Sarah , Berman Jeffrey W. , Lehman Dawn E. , Star Lisa , Moresco Justin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrevious computational studies of short‐period buildings have shown increasing collapse probabilities with decreasing building period; a trend that has not been observed in past earthquakes. In this study, collapse performances of twelve short‐period steel special concentrically braced frame (SCBF) building archetypes were examined using dynamic analysis and the methods described in FEMA P‐695 to investigate this gap between analytically predicted and historically observed collapse rates. The archetypes varied key design and modeling parameters that could influence the behavior. These parameters included number of stories, level of design seismicity, redundancy, the inclusion of soil‐structure interaction (SSI) and foundation flexibility, and the removal of reserve moment frame resistance in modeling. Practicing engineers designed the archetypes resulting in realistic designs, including overstrength values representative of this building type. The calculated overstrength values were much higher than those found in previous studies, largely a result of the archetype building layouts, brace width‐to‐thickness ratio limitations, and the large differences between tension and compressive brace strength that occur when design demands are low. The higher overstrength values found in this study resulted in lower probabilities of collapse, relative to previous collapse studies and showed that probabilities of collapse decreased with decreasing period. Additionally, the probability of collapse increased significantly for the nonredundant archetype, but changed insignificantly for the archetype without reserve moment frame capacity. Inclusion of SSI and foundation flexibility resulted in a complete change in behavior where braces remained elastic and the braced frames rocked on their foundations, resulting in decreased collapse probabilities.
Underappreciated pioneers
Authors: Carline Kristin , Kunitz Suzanne , Wood Bernard 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis contribution focuses on a 1928 multiauthor paper reporting the discovery of a child's skull at Devil's Tower cave on the Rock of Gibraltar. It was ground‐breaking. Two of the lead authors, Dorothy Garrod and Dorothea Bate, were women, and it was one of the earliest reports of a fossil hominin to incorporate and integrate detailed information about its stratigraphic and environmental context.
Multi‐step air quality index forecasting via data preprocessing, sequence reconstruction, and improved multi‐objective optimization algorithm
Authors: Wang Ying , Wang Jianzhou , Li Hongmin , Yang Hufang , Li Zhiwu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis research presents a hybrid model for multi‐step, interval forecasting of air quality indices. An efficient preprocessing module is applied to split the raw data into various sub‐series, and the optimal mode of data input is determined through feature selection. A multi‐objective optimization algorithm is proposed to tune the parameters of kernel extreme learning machine to achieve high accuracy and stability. An evaluation with several error criteria, benchmark models, and critique is conducted using three daily air quality index datasets from three cities of China. Empirical results indicate that the developed model achieves superior predictions of air quality indices, which may be useful in policies for mitigating air pollution.
Multi‐scale characterization of granular media by in situ laboratory X‐ray computed tomography
Authors: Ruf Matthias , Taghizadeh Kianoosh , Steeb Holger 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInvestigations of biphasic monodisperse soft (rubber) and stiff (glass) particle mixtures under hydrostatic conditions show an interesting behavior with regard to the effective stiffness. P‐wave modulus measured by acoustic wave propagation at ultrasonic frequencies showed a significant decline while more soft particles are added, that is, higher rubber volume fractions, due to a change in the microstructure of the granular medium. However, for small volume fractions of soft particles, it could be observed that the P‐wave modulus is increasing. This result cannot be explained by classical mixture rules or effective medium theories. For the understanding of those effects, a detailed insight into the microstructure of the granular medium is necessary. To gain this information and link it later back to the measured effective mechanical properties, high‐resolution micro X‐ray computed tomography (XRCT) imaging is a well‐established tool. With XRCT imaging, the granular microstructure can be visualized in 3D and characterized subsequently. Combining classical effective characterization methods with XRCT imaging can help to solve a variety of multi‐scale problems. Performing the characterization step in situ, meaning inside the laboratory‐based XRCT scanner, has the advantage that exactly the same samples are mechanically characterized and visualized. To address the mentioned observation above, we designed a low X‐ray absorbing oedometer cell with integrated broadband piezoelectric P‐wave transducers which enables this kind of investigation inside a laboratory‐based XRCT scanner. The focus of this contribution is on the general experimental methodology which can be transferred to other multi‐scale problems. It starts with a description of the image acquisition and ends with the post‐processing of the in situ acquired image data. To demonstrate this, cylindrical samples consisting of the same monodisperse rubber and glass particle mixtures that were studied before under hydrostatic stress conditions are considered. Selected results are presented to explain the single steps.
Tyrosine kinase‐altered spindle cell neoplasms with EGFR internal tandem duplications
Authors: Kao Erica , Pinto Navin , Trobaugh‐Lotrario Angela , Deutsch Gail H. , Wu Yu , Wang Wenjing , Rudzinski Erin R. , Liu Yajuan J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, we present two extra‐renal pediatric spindle cell neoplasms with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) internal tandem duplications (ITD). Histologically, these tumors demonstrated the same histologic features seen in other tyrosine kinase‐altered spindle cell neoplasms, with one case showing abundant adipose tissue with cellular fibrous septae resembling lipofibromatosis and the other case showing fascicles of spindled cells resembling infantile fibrosarcoma. There was variable expression of CD34, S100, and SMA, and all cases were negative for panTRK. This case series adds to our molecular understanding of the spectrum of tyrosine kinase‐altered spindle cell neoplasms and represents the first reported examples of EGFR ITDs in extra‐renal tumors. The presence of EGFR alterations in the absence of gene fusions represents a potential therapeutic target and necessitates a broader testing panel for this group of tumors.
In‐scanner head motion and structural covariance networks
Authors: Pardoe Heath R. , Martin Samantha P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn‐scanner head motion systematically reduces estimated regional gray matter volumes obtained from structural brain MRI. Here, we investigate how head motion affects structural covariance networks that are derived from regional gray matter volumetric estimates. We acquired motion‐affected and low‐motion whole brain T1‐weighted MRI in 29 healthy adult subjects and estimated relative regional gray matter volumes using a voxel‐based morphometry approach. Structural covariance network analyses were undertaken while systematically increasing the number of included motion‐affected scans. We demonstrate that the standard deviation in regional gray matter estimates increases as the number of motion‐affected scans increases. This increases pairwise correlations between regions, a key determinant for construction of structural covariance networks. We further demonstrate that head motion systematically alters graph theoretic metrics derived from these networks. Finally, we present evidence that weighting correlations using image quality metrics can mitigate the effects of head motion. Our findings suggest that in‐scanner head motion is a source of error that violates the assumption that structural covariance networks reflect neuroanatomical connectivity between brain regions. Results of structural covariance studies should be interpreted with caution, particularly when subject groups are likely to move their heads in the scanner.
Prophylactic effect of tenofovir on viral reactivation in immunocompromised pregnant women living with hepatitis B virus
Authors: Zhang Le , Yang Shaoying , Yu Yongfu , Wang Suli , Yu Yuetian , Jin Yi , Zhao Aimin , Mao Yimin , Lu Liangjing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The appropriate prophylaxis for hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBVr) during gestation for immunocompromised pregnant women has yet to be determined. The prophylactic efficacy and safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)–positive patients and the HBVr risk in hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb)–positive patients during gestation were investigated. Eligible pregnant women were diagnosed with rheumatic diseases and were administered prednisone (≤10 mg daily) with permitted immunosuppressants at screening. HBsAg‐positive participants were instructed to take TDF; those unwilling to take TDF were followed up as the control group. Propensity score matching was applied to control for differences in confounding factors between the HBcAb‐positive and uninfected groups. Hepatopathy, maternal, pregnancy, and safety outcomes were documented as endpoints. A cohort of 1292 women was recruited from 2017 to 2020, including 58 HBsAg‐positive patients (29 in each group). A total of 120 pairs in the HBcAb‐positive and noninfection groups were analyzed. Among HBsAg‐positive patients, 6 (20.7%) cases of hepatitis flare (hazard ratio [HR]: 7.44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50–36.89; p = 0.014) and 12 (41.4%) cases of HBVr (HR: 8.71; 95% CI: 2.80–27.17; p < 0.001) occurred in the control group, while 0 occurred in the TDF prophylaxis group. The HBV level at delivery was the lowest (1.6 log10 IU/ml) for those who received TDF during the pregestation period with a good safety profile. More adverse maternal outcomes were observed in the control group (odds ratio: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05–0.77, p = 0.021), including one death from fulminant hepatitis and two cases of vertical transmission. No HBVr was recorded in HBcAb‐positive participants. Among immunocompromised pregnant women, prophylactic TDF during pregestation was necessary for HBsAg‐positive women, whereas regular monitoring was recommended for HBcAb‐positive women.
Simulation‐based optimisation approach to improve emergency department resource planning: A case study of Tunisian hospital
Authors: Daldoul Dorsaf , Nouaouri Issam , Bouchriha Hanen , Allaoui Hamid 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe emergency department (ED) is a gateway to hospitals and is in the centre of hospital management efforts. It is often saturated by a continuous flow of patients, which causes excessive patient waiting time.AimsThis study integrates simulations with optimisation to design planning decision support for an ED. We considered all the processes of the ED, from triage to bed assignment. This study's main objective was to determine the optimal number of doctors, nurses, and beds required to schedule patients with different acuity levels to minimise both the total patient waiting time and the patient average length of stay and balance the resource utilisation rates. The problem is also characterised by multiple uncertainties, such as the patient arrival rate and service times in each stage of the process.MethodWe first propose a stochastic mixed‐integer programing model that is solved using the sample average approximation approach. The resulting resource sizing is then evaluated using a discrete‐event simulation model by comparing different patient scheduling rules.ResultsNumerical experiments highlight the performance of the proposed approach using data from a Tunisian ED hospital.
A general White–Box strategy for designing thermoelectric cooling system
Authors: Zhu Kang , Deng Biao , Qian Xin , Wang Yupeng , Li Huan , Jiang Peng , Yang Ronggui , Liu Weishu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThermoelectric cooling (TEC) is critically important in thermal management of laser modules or chips and potentially for personalized thermoregulation. The formulae for efficiency in standard textbooks can only describe the performance of a TEC module with ideal thermal conditions, that is, fixed terminal temperatures, but are unable to deal with a real TEC system where heat transfer at its interfaces with the heat source and sink are finite and with thermal resistances. Here, we define the TEC system‐level performance indices, that is, the maximum cooling power, temperature difference, and coefficient of performance, by introducing a set of explicit formulae. The external heat transfer conditions are taken into account as dimensionless thermal resistance parameters. With these formulae, the TEC system performances are evaluated elegantly with errors well within ±5% over broad operating conditions. We further optimize the cooling power and the coefficient of performance in practical scenarios and establish a general White–Box design procedure for TEC systems, which enables a transparent design process and straightforward analysis of performance bottlenecks. A set of cooling experiments are performed to validate the analytical model and to illustrate the dependence of system design on realistic thermal conditions. By choosing the suitable TEC module parameter under given external heat transfer conditions, the cooling power can be improved by more than 100%. This work sheds some light on the integral design of TEC systems for broad applications to take full advantage of the advanced thermoelectric materials in the cooling field.image
Activating ruthenium dioxide via compressive strain achieving efficient multifunctional electrocatalysis for Zn‐air batteries and overall water splitting
Authors: Qiu Yu , Rao Yifei , Zheng Yinan , Hu Hao , Zhang Wenhua , Guo Xiaohui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSurface strain engineering is a promising strategy to design various electrocatalysts for sustainable energy storage and conversion. However, achieving the multifunctional activity of the catalyst via the adjustment of strain engineering remains a major challenge. Herein, an excellent trifunctional electrocatalyst (Ru/RuO2@NCS) is prepared by anchoring lattice mismatch strained core/shell Ru/RuO2nanocrystals on nitrogen‐doped carbon nanosheets. Core/shell Ru/RuO2nanocrystals with ~5 atomic layers of RuO2shells eliminate the ligand effect and produce ~2% of the surface compressive strain, which can boost the trifunctional activity (oxygen evolution reaction [OER], oxygen reduction reaction [ORR], and hydrogen evolution reaction [HER]) of the catalyst. When equipped in rechargeable Zn‐air batteries, the Ru/RuO2@NCS endows them with high power (137.1 mW cm−2) and energy (714.9 Wh kgZn−1) density and excellent cycle stability. Moreover, the as‐fabricated Zn‐air batteries can drive a water splitting electrolyzer assembled with Ru/RuO2@NCS and achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2only requires a low potential ~1.51 V. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the compressive strained RuO2could reduce the reaction barrier and improve the binding of rate‐determining intermediates (*OH, *O, *OOH, and *H), leading to the enhanced catalytic activity and stability. This work can provide a novel avenue for the rational design of multifunctional catalysts in future clean energy fields.image