bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of total solar eclipse on spectral radiance characteristics of various objects and comparison of different vegetation indices
Authors: KASHYAPI A. , SHAHA S. K. , GULHANE P. M. 
Published: May 2022

The division of Agricultural Meteorology, Pune of I.M.D. conducted a study of anomalous radiation environment during the last total solar eclipse period at Principal Evapotranspiration Observatory (PET) Canning, W.B. The spectral radiance characteristics from various objects viz. bare soil, G.T.R. calibration plate (coated uniformly with BaSO4), rice crop at late vegetative stage and rice crop at panicle (flowering) stage were measured from 23-25 October 1995 to in blue (0.45-0.52m), green (0.52-0.59m), red (0.62-0.68m) and in the portion of near infrared (0.77-0.86m) wavelengths, by use of multi-band ground truth radiometer (G.T.R.) and different vegetation indices were computed. The minimum values of spectral radiance were observed from all the four objects between 0830 to 0930 hrs IST on the eclipse day. The proportion of drop was the maximum in the portion of near infrared (NIR) band during the eclipse period for both the rice crops. The rice crop at late vegetative stage showed sharp drop in both RVI (ratio vegetation index) and NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) values between 0830 to 0930 hrs IST, while the other rice crop at panicle (flowering) stage showed sharp fall (in both the values) at 0830 hr IST. Both the RVI and NDVI values for the bare soil showed fluctuations on the eclipse day between 0730 to 1000 hrs IST. The MGVI (modified green vegetation index) values indicated that on the eclipse day during the period of total eclipse, quantity of radiation reflected by different objects dropped in all the four bands.
Updated operational models for long-range forecasts of Indian summer monsoon rainfall
Authors: THAPLIYAL V. , RAJEEVAN M. 
Published: May 2022

Based on operational 16 parameter models, the India Meteorological Department, since 1989, has been issuing the long-range forecasts for monsoon rainfall (June-September) for the country as a whole. Qualitative forecasts of category of monsoon (deficient, normal and excess) proved accurate on all the 11 years (1989-99). However, the errors in the quantitative forecasts, particularly from 1996-99 were more than the model error of ± 4 %. Therefore the operational 16-parameter models (parametric and power regression) were updated by replacing four predictors whose relationship with monsoon rainfall has weakened in recent years. The new predictors introduced into the models are Arabian Sea SST, South Indian Ocean SST, Europe Pressure Gradient and Darwin Pressure Tendency. The model constants were recalculated with the data for the period 1971-95. The performance of the updated model was found to be far better especially during the recent years. The absolute mean error of the forecasts from the updated model for the period 1991-99 was 3.2 % as against 7.0 % of the operational forecasts. As these updated models showed promise, they were introduced in 2000 for issuing the operational long-range forecasts of Indian summer monsoon rainfall.
Structure of the convective boundary layer - A method to delineate the sub layers
Authors: MORWAL SAVITA  B. 
Published: May 2022

The paper introduces a different method to delineate the different sub layers in the Convective Boundary Layer over the north Indian Oceanic regions during the summer monsoon season. The all available data set (only aerological observations) from the MONSOON-77 experiment during the June-August 1977 over the Arabian Sea (Phase IA and IB), Equatorial Indian Ocean (Phase II) and Bay of Bengal (Phase III) regions have been considered to demonstrate the usefulness of the above method.

The vertical structure of the Convective Boundary Layer revealed the four layered structure viz. surface layer, sub cloud layer, cloud layer and capping stable layer. These layers could be separated from each other by utilizing the averaged vertical profiles of saturation pressure deficit (P*, hPa) and mixing parameter (b, dimensionless). The CBL top is marked by the minimum value of P*. The study revealed that, in general, the extent of surface and sub cloud layer over the north Indian Oceanic regions is up to 1000 hPa and 950 hPa respectively. Also, it is observed that the cloud layer depth varies during the phases IA, IB, II and III. The investigations revealed that the depth of the CBL is up to 650 hPa during all the three phases over the ships.
Pengembangan Modul Praktikum Bahan Bangunan Berbasis Problem Based Learning
Authors: Pakpahan Nurmi Frida Dorintan Bertua 
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kelayakan modul Praktikum Bahan Bangunan Berbasis Problem Based Instruction (PBI.) Kegiatan awal dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis karakteristik materi pembelajaran serta konsep pengajaran PBI sebagai proses konseptual dan sistematik yang digunakan acuan untuk merancang modul. Kegiatan berikutnya merupakan proses empiris untuk menguji kelayakan modul ditinjau oleh ahli dan kelayakan ditinjau dari kompetensi mahasiswa (ranah sikap, pengetahuan dan keterampilan). Metode penelitian yang dilakukan pada: (1) proses konseptual dan sistematik menggunakan Forum Group Discussion (FGD) melakukan diskusi kelompok dari tim dosen rumpun; Analisis karakteristik materi serta konsep pengajaran sebagai acuan untuk merancang modul yang dimulai dari menetapkan tujuan belajar, merancang kegiatan belajar mengajar berbasis PBI, merancang materi dan evaluasi terhadap kompetensi mahasiswa meliputi ranah sikap, pengetahuan dan keterampilan; (2) proses empiris dilakukan validasi terhadap kelayakan modul ditinjau oleh para ahli; (3) Proses empiris pada penelitian berikutnya adalah mengevaluasi kompetensi mahasiswa menggunakan modul Praktikum Bahan Bangunan Berbasis PBI dalam kegiatan belajarnya.
Evaluation of climgen model to generate weather parameters under different climatic situations in Punjab
Authors: S.K. BAL  , B. U. CHOUDHURY  , ANIL SOOD  , S.K. JALOTA  , H. SINGH  
Published: May 2022

In the present study, ClimGen (weather generator) generated data was compared to the observed weather data of Ballowal, Ludhiana and Bathinda weather stations representing different type of climatic situations in Punjab. Several years of daily data of solar radiation, maximum and minimum temperature, morning and evening relative humidity, rainfall and wind speed were used as input and five years data were used for validation purpose. Evaluation was done on the basis of coefficient of determination (R2), Residual Mean Square Error (RMSE), General Standard Deviation (GSD) and Wilmott’s index (d) of agreement between generated and observed data. The ClimGen generated data for maximum and minimum temperature showed good performance (GSD d” 0.10 and d e” 0.95) and the data generated for morning relative humidity was acceptable (GSD > 0.10 but d” 0.20 and d < 0.95 but e” 0.90) while evening relative humidity and wind speed were poor except for Ludhiana station. However, the generated rainfall data was poor for all the stations and hence, cannot be accepted. Overall, results indicated ClimGen a good performer as a weather generator for certain parameters.
Stochastic modelling of relative humidity at Banswara
Authors: S. R. BHAKAR  , RAJ VIR SINGH  , NEERAJ CHHAJED  , ANIL KUMAR BANSAL  
Published: May 2022

Study was conducted to develop stochastic model for monthly minimum and maximum relative humidity using 12 years (1992-2003) data of Banswara. The performed statistical test indicates that the series of monthly minimum and maximum relative humidity data are trend free. Their periodic components can be presented satisfactorily by the second harmonics. The stochastic components of both monthly minimum and maximum relative humidity follow second order Markov model. Validation of generated was made with measured series. A high correlation coefficient of 0.9980 and 0.9976 for mean monthly minimum and maximum relative humidity respectively was observed. The correlation was tested by ttest and found to be highly significant at 1 per cent level. The standard error is quite low. The regression equation was very close to 1:1 line. Therefore, the developed model could be used for future prediction of mean monthly minimum and maximum relative humidity, at Banswara.
A modified approach for determination of onset and withdrawal of monsoon
Authors: A. K. KOTHARI  , VIRENDRA KUMAR  , P. M. JAIN  , R.C. PUROHIT  
Published: May 2022

Onset of monsoon is an important rainfall characteristic for drought management and crop planning. Morris and Zandstra method for onset was compared with observed values for a period of 20 years, which revealed a mismatch in the Bhilwara region in 40 per cent of years. The criteria for rainfall accumulation for both onset and withdrawal was modified in such a way that the determined and observed onset of monsoon showed a significant match. For early and late onset of monsoon and intermittent low/nil rainfall weeks. Withdrawals were adjusted and length of growing period for Bhilwara region was determined.
Rainfall probability analysis using Markovchain model in Sabour region of Bihar
Authors: P. K. SINGH  , L. S. RATHORE  , K.K. SINGH  , A. K. GUPTA  , A. K. BAXLA  , B. ATHIYAMAN  
Published: May 2022

Rainfall during monsoon season and its variability govern the cropping system in the Sabour region. Long-term rainfall data is used to analyse the probability of occurrence of deficit /normal /excess rainfall for better crop planning in the region.
During the 30 years (1972-01) there were about 13 per-cent drought, 10 per-cent flood and 77 percent normal years. Among drought years southwest monsoon rainfall was the lowest (646 mm) in 1977. Seed sowing in paddy nursery in the Sabour region generally takes place immediately after onset of monsoon rains during 23-25 standard meteorological weeks and transplanting is carried out around 27th or 28th standard week. The tillering, 50 per-cent flowering and dough stage are observed during 32-33rd, 37-38th and 40-41st standard weeks respectively.
Sensitivity of wheat crop to projected climate change in non-traditional areas
Authors: GOPAL KUMAR  , R. S. KUROTHE  , D. R. SENA  , A. K. VISHWAKARMA  , M. MADHU  , B. K. RAO  , K. P. TRIPATHI  , ANURANJAN  
Published: May 2022

An attempt has been made to quantify the effect of projected climate change on wheat production in nontraditional wheat areas comprising states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan that contribute about 20 per cent of national wheat production. InfoCrop model was calibrated and validated using research farm data of Vasad, District Anand (Central Gujarat) and were used for climate change impact study using PRECIS downscaled, weather data of baseline period (1961-1990) and A2a scenario for projected period (2071-2100). Different crop management were tried for simulation in order to identifying adaptation options. Average annual maximum temperature for the projected period is likely to be higher than the base period by 3.96°C with maximum of 5.78°C for November and minimum 2.44°C for May. Similarly, the average minimum temperature is likely to rise by 4.36 °C with maximum increase of 5.94°C during December and minimum rise of 2.76°C during July. Average annual rainfall for central Gujarat region is likely to increase by 36 percent.
Under irrigated condition, each degree rise in average temperature over crop growing period will take toll of 3.02 q of wheat in already low yield area, similarly under restricted managements conditions one degree rise in temperature will reduce yield by about 2.0 q ha-1 under restricted irrigation management conditions. Further already short crop duration (100-105 days) is likely to further shorten by 15 to 20 days under projected climatic condition for A2a scenario. None of the management practices like shifting in sowing date, number of irrigation and amount of nitrogen tried for adaptation options was found beneficial and in all cases there was substantial yield loss.
Progress and severity of early blight of tomato in relation to weather variables in Jammu province
Authors: VISHAL GUPTA  , V.K. RAZDAN  , SATISH SHARMA  , KAUSAR FATIMA  
Published: May 2022

Early blight of tomato caused by Alternaria solani is an economically important disease in all the tomato growing areas worldwide. The effect of weather variables on the per cent disease intensity(PDI) index of early blight were analyzed during the early summer season of five consecutive years from 2013 to 2017. The disease invariably appeared in the 12thStandard Meteorological Week (SMW) and had steep progression throughout the cropping period. Maximum and minimum temperatures had significantly positive correlation, whereas, maximum and minimum relative humidity along with rainfall had significantly negative correlation with the PDI of early blight of tomato. The model developed by stepwise regression explained that 83per cent variation in the PDI of the disease was due to maximum temperature. The model developed based on the data collected during the studies can be used for predicting the appearance of early blight of tomato, thereby helping in the adoption of timely management measures.
My Green School Karya Loynpo Thakur S. Powdyel
Authors: Abadi Mansurni 
Published: May 2022

Bhutan dikenal sebagai negara yang cukup sukses melindungi ekosistem ekologisnya. Hal ini bukan saja ditopang oleh kebudayaan tapi juga pendidikan yang menekankan peserta didik untuk mencintai ekologisnya. Bahkan paradigma sosio-ekonomi negara yang terletak di antara India dan China ini adalah Indeks Kebahagiaan Nasional (GNH) yang menekankan pada keseimbangan antara pencapaian material dan spiritual. Ada 33 indikator kebahagiaan yang dibagi ke dalam 9 nilai aspek utama. Dari mulai psikologis, kesehatan, penggunaan waktu, pendidikan, kebudayaan, tata kelola pemerintahan, daya kreatif komunitas, kesadaran dan keberagaman ekologis, dan standar hidup. Dalam konteks Indonesia sangat sedikit kajian yang membahas seputar bagaimana Bhutan, menyeimbangkan pembangunan spiritual, ekologis, dan materialnya. Oleh karena itu kajian ini akan mengkaji Buku dari Loynpo Thakur S. Powdyel berjudul ‘My Green School’ (2021). Tujuan dari tinjauan buku ini adalah untuk menambah khazanah pengetahuan tentang wacana pembangunan alternatif yang berbasis ekologis terutama dari contoh negara Bhutan yang jarang kita bahas.
Pelayanan Kesehatan Umroh Provinsi Jawa Barat
Authors: Agustina Agustina 
Published: May 2022

Wisata religi saat ini merupakan segmen sangat penting pada pariwisata internasional dan selama 5 tahun terakhir. Umrah yang dikategorikan sebagai wisata religi belum memiliki payung hukum yang jelas sebagaimana ibadah haji di Indonesia, hanya ada Peraturan Menteri Agama Nomor 18 Tahun 2015 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perjalanan Ibadah Umrah (PPIU). Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan gambaran implementasi model pelayanan kesehatan umrah di Jawa Barat. Desain penelitian ini adalah riset tindak (action research) dengan pengambilan data secara cross sectional terhadap model pelayanan kesehatan umrah. Penelitian ini secara kolaboratif dan melibatkan 17 partisipan yang terlibat dalam penyelenggaraan pelayanan kesehatan umrah di Kota Bandung. Analisis data yang dilakukan secara kualitatif, yang menggunakan metode analisis kinerja dan pengalaman individual serta perilaku institusi yaitu melalui focus group discussion, interview dan kuesioner. Variabel penelitiannya adalah: responden, fasilitas kesehatan, dan sistem surveilans jemaah umrah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum, banyaknya permasalahan kesehatan dalam praktik penyelenggaraan umrah dapat dilihat dari aspek pembinaan kesehatan, pelayanan kesehatan dan perlindungan kesehatan. Pada pelayanan kesehatan umrah di Kota Bandung ini peran Posbindu PTM sangat besar dalam melakukan pelayanan dan pembinaan kesehatan pada jemaah umrah.
Pachygenium laurense (Orchidaceae, Spiranthinae), a new orchid species from Argentina—morphological evidence and phylogenetic reconstruction
Authors: M. Martin Claudia , Morales Adriana Marisel , Dudek Magdalena , L. Szlachetko Dariusz 
Published: May 2022

Background
Pachygenium embraces a group of terrestrial species formerly placed in Pelexia sensu lato. The genus currently comprises some 60 species, most of which are known from the southern parts of Brazil and Paraguay, with few species distributed in the Andean countries—only four species have been recorded from Argentina so far. In Jujuy Province, Argentina a new species of Pachygenium was found during our fieldwork. The aim of this article was to provide morphological and molecular evidence for its membership in this genus.

Methods
Materials from specimens were collected in the field and examined by classical taxonomic and molecular biological techniques, e.g., PCR and sequencing DNA. Phylogenetic reconstruction was performed by maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference.

Results
Pachygenium laurense from Argentina is described and illustrated based on morphological evidence and its taxonomic position was confirmed by phylogenetic analyses. A new combination for Pachygenium gutturosa is also proposed. A key for identification is provided for the Pachygenium species occurring in Argentina.

Conclusion
Pachygenium laurense is the fifth species of the genus recorded from Argentina.
Low Bandgap Polymers
Authors: Neshchadin Andriy , Yu Luping 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The field of low bandgap organic conjugated polymers has found broad applications with efforts over the past decade. This article gives a brief overview of the recent progress of their synthesis and several applications for polymer solar cells, photodetectors, and bioimaging materials. Synthetic methods cover ground from Stille and Suzuki polycondensations to direct arylation polymerization. Donor–acceptor or ‘push–pull’ structures are generally necessary to lower bandgap of conjugated polymers, and this design strategy provides a rational approach to tune polymer energy levels as HOMO is mostly determined by donor units and conjugation, while LUMOs are determined by acceptor moieties. Special attention is given to the extraction of principles for efficient design of materials with desired properties. For efficient device performance, it is important to match the energy levels of functional materials with other device components and chosen applications, while maintaining solubility and good processability.
Solid‐State
NMR
Spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Hao , Yan Zhiwei , Li Dongjia , Wang Xiaoliang , Zhang Rongchun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Solid‐state NMR spectroscopy is an indispensable tool for probing detailed structures and dynamics of polymers at an atomic level due to its capability to selectively manipulate various types of anisotropic spin interactions in solids and its nondestructive property. Herein, this article mainly describes the properties of those anisotropic spin interactions in solids, and how they are used to extract structural and dynamic information via sophisticated one‐ and multidimensional solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. We hope this article can be a good tutorial for the researchers interested in using solid‐state NMR to study polymers.
Are mindful people less aggressive? The role of emotion regulation in the relations between mindfulness and aggression
Authors: Kim El‐Lim , Gentile Douglas A. , Anderson Craig A. , Barlett Christopher P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInducing mindfulness has shown a promising effect on reducing aggression in both clinical and nonclinical populations, possibly because mindfulness can improve emotion regulation. The present study examined the association between mindfulness and aggression through potential mediating effects of several emotion regulation strategies. University and community samples of U.S. adults completed questionnaires on mindfulness, emotion regulation strategies, and trait aggression. Results indicate that mindfulness was associated with rumination and expressive suppression, which mediated the mindfulness‐aggression relationship. Most facets of mindfulness were unrelated to the use of reflection and cognitive reappraisal. The nonjudging of experience facet of mindfulness was negatively related to hostility through rumination and expressive suppression. In contrast, the observing mindfulness facet was positively related to verbal aggression and hostility; these relations were mediated by rumination and expressive suppression.
Factors predicting neuronal surface antibodies in the elderly with new‐onset and unknown seizures
Authors: Liu Xiao , Yu Tingting , Qi Jing , Lv Ruijuan , Wang Qun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate risk factors of neuronal surface antibodies (NSAbs) and develop a nomogram that could identify patients at the odds of NSAbs among the elderly (aged 60 years or older) with new‐onset seizures of unknown etiology.MethodsClinical data for aged ≥60 years diagnosed with new‐onset seizures of unknown etiology were retrospectively reviewed. A nomogram based on multivariable logistic regression was constructed. Model performance of nomogram was evaluated using area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve, decision curve analysis (DCA), and clinical impact curve (CIC). Meanwhile, it was internally validated by bootstrap validation in current cohort.ResultsOf 147 patients included in final analysis, 68 (46.3%) had NSAbs‐mediated encephalitis. Six factors were identified: duration of seizures less than 3 months (OR:14.259; 95% CI: 4.480–45.386), focal‐onset seizures (OR:12.457; 95% CI: 2.710–57.261), psychiatric deficits (OR:10.063; 95% CI: 3.231–31.343), sleep disorders (OR:3.091; 95% CI: 1.011–9.454), hyponatremia (OR:6.252; 95% CI: 1.445–27.043), and medial temporal lobe (MTL) lesions on MRI (OR:4.102; 95% CI: 1.382–12.169). The nomogram had a good discrimination with an AUC of 0.916 and with a corrected AUC of 0.881 after the bootstrapping validation, our model also exhibited a better predictive performance than scoring systems commonly used clinically. Additionally, the calibration curve showed that predicted NSAbs‐positive rates of nomogram were closely aligned with actual observed results. Moreover, the nomogram achieved well on clinical utility by using the DCA and CIC.InterpretationOur nomogram may provide a convenient and useful tool for identifying the elderly with new‐onset seizures of unknown etiology who are at risk of NSAbs‐mediated encephalitis, which would allow these patients receive earlier immunotherapy.
Ag Nanoparticles Anchored on Nanotubular Porous Porphyrin Networks for Carboxylative Cyclization of Propargyl Alcohols with CO2
Authors: Chen Yaju , Lei Lin , Ren Qinggang , Li Jiashan , Gao Jingkang , Lin Jie , Qiu Yongjian , Ji Hongbing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA nanotubular porous porphyrin‐based network (NT‐PPN) was prepared through Friedel–Crafts alkylation polyreaction of meso‐tetraphenylporphyrin iron chloride and subsequent demetalization reaction with concentrated hydrochloric acid. As a superior support, NT‐PPN was decorated with Ag nanoparticles to generate the desired catalyst (Ag@NT‐PPN). Ag@NT‐PPN had a high BET surface area with plentiful hierarchical porosity, considerable CO2 adsorption uptake, as well as high CO2/N2 adsorption selectivity. In the presence of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU), Ag@NT‐PPN exhibited excellent catalytic performance for the solvent‐free synthesis of α‐alkylidene cyclic carbonates from propargyl alcohols and CO2 at 30 °C. Ag@NT‐PPN also displayed robust constancy, excellent recyclability, and acceptable substrate expansibility for this reaction. Moreover, low concentration of CO2 derived from mixed gas (15% CO2+85% N2 in volume) was positively amenable to this catalytic protocol. This work might offer an opportunity to design metal NPs‐based heterogeneous catalysts and provide a promising candidate for application in the transformation of CO2 into valuable cyclic carbonates.