bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Long Femoropopliteal Lesions With Self-Expanding Interwoven Nitinol Stent: 24 Month Outcomes of the STELLA-SUPERA Trial
Authors: Nasr Bahaa , Gouailler Flora , Marret Olivier , Guillou Marie , Chaillou Philippe , Guyomarc’h Béatrice , Maurel Blandine , Gouëffic Yann 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: The performance of self-expanding interwoven nitinol stent (Supera) in femoropopliteal interventions has been proven through trials with short lesions and with relatively low proportion of occlusions. There is limited evidence of Supera stent in long lesions. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical safety and efficiency of the Supera stent in the treatment of long femoropopliteal lesions (Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus [TASC] C/D) in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Methods: The STELLA SUPERA (STEnting Long de L’Artère fémorale superficielle par le stent métallique Supera) is a prospective, 2-center, single-arm study. Patients with symptomatic (Rutherford stages 2–6) de novo and TASC C/D lesions of the femoropopliteal segment were treated with Supera stent. The primary endpoint was the primary sustained clinical improvement at 12 months. Follow-up included clinical examination, duplex scan, and biplane X-ray up to 24 months. Results: Between December 2016 and October 2018, 48 symptomatic patients with 49 femoropopliteal lesions (TASC D = 32, 65%) were treated. The mean lesion length was 234 ± 123 mm, and 78% were total occlusion. The mean stented lesion length was 273 ± 127 mm. At 12 and 24 months, the primary sustained clinical improvement rate was 87.2% and 79.7%, respectively. The Rutherford category assessment was significantly improved at 24 months compared with baseline (p=0.02). At 24 months, the primary patency and freedom from target lesion revascularization (TLR) rates were 77.9% and 86.9%, respectively. The ankle-brachial pressure index increased from 0.62 ± 0.15 at baseline to 0.93 ± 0.15 at 24 months (p<0.0001). There were no stent fractures at 24 months. Conclusion: The use of Supera stent in long lesions (TASC C/D) is a safe and effective endovascular alternative. These results reinforce the need for randomized clinical trials to assess the value of interwoven stents for long femoropopliteal lesions.
Anatomical Modifications After Stent Implantation: A Comparative Analysis Between CGuard, Wallstent, and Roadsaver Carotid Stents
Authors: Ginanni Corradini Luca , Balocco Simone , Maresca Luciano , Vitale Silvio , Stefanini Matteo 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: Carotid revascularization can be associated with modifications of the vascular geometry, which may lead to complications. The changes on the vessel angulation before and after a carotid WallStent (WS) implantation are compared against 2 new dual-layer devices, CGuard (CG) and RoadSaver (RS). Materials and Methods: The study prospectively recruited 217 consecutive patients (112 GC, 73 WS, and 32 RS, respectively). Angiography projections were explored and the one having a higher arterial angle was selected as a basal view. After stent implantation, a stent control angiography was performed selecting the projection having the maximal angle. The same procedure is followed in all the 3 stent types to guarantee comparable conditions. The angulation changes on the stented segments were quantified from both angiographies. The statistical analysis quantitatively compared the pre-and post-angles for the 3 stent types. The results are qualitatively illustrated using boxplots. Finally, the relation between pre- and post-angles measurements is analyzed using linear regression. Results: For CG, no statistical difference in the axial vessel geometry between the basal and postprocedural angles was found. For WS and RS, statistical difference was found between pre- and post-angles. The regression analysis shows that CG induces lower changes from the original curvature with respect to WS and RS. Conclusion: Based on our results, CG determines minor changes over the basal morphology than WS and RS stents. Hence, CG respects better the native vessel anatomy than the other stents. Level of Evidence: Level 4, Case Series.
Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy as an Adjunctive Therapy for Frozen Shoulder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Ruihan , Wang Zhenyu , Liu Ruishu , Zhang Nan , Guo Jiaxun , Huang Yunxia 
Published: February 2022

Background: The best nonsurgical treatment for frozen shoulder is still unclear. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is an innovative adjunctive treatment for frozen shoulder, but its effect is still unclear. Purpose: To evaluate the published literature regarding the potential of ESWT as an adjunctive therapy for frozen shoulder. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: Searches were conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and VIP Information databases for relevant studies between inception and November 2020. Included were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for frozen shoulder that compared ESWT with routine treatments to controls. There were no restrictions on the treatment period, type of ESWT, or severity of symptoms. At least 1 of the following outcome indices was assessed: visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Constant-Murley score (CMS) for shoulder function assessment, or external rotation range of movement (ER ROM). RevMan 5.3 software was used to evaluate the bias and quality of the included studies. For continuous variables, the mean difference (MD) or standardized MD (SMD) with the 95% CI was extracted. For dichotomous data, event ratios and sample sizes were extracted. Results: Overall, 20 studies were included. The ESWT used as an adjunct to other interventions had better outcomes compared with control groups regarding immediate and short-term analgesic effects (immediate: MD, –1.10 [95% CI, –1.27 to –0.92], P < .00001; short-term: MD, –0.72 [95% CI, –0.94 to –0.50], P < .00001) as well as immediate function (SMD, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.19 to 1.89], P < .00001], I 2 = 0%). There was significant heterogeneity between studies for long-term analgesia (MD, –0.90 [95% CI, –1.40 to –0.41], P < .00001, I 2 = 89%) and ER ROM (MD, 10.31 [95% CI, 3.46 to 17.17], P < .003, I 2 = 93%). Conclusion: ESWT seems to be beneficial to patients with frozen shoulder by alleviating pain and improving function. ESWT could be used as an adjunct therapy to routine treatments, although the quality of the included RCTs was hampered by significant heterogeneity regarding long-term analgesia and joint ROM.
Effect of Patient Positioning on Measurement of the Anterior Center-Edge Angle on False-Profile Radiographs and Its 3-Dimensional Mapping to the Acetabular Rim
Authors: Mozingo Joseph D. , Schuring Lindsay L. , Mortensen Alexander J. , Anderson Andrew E. , Aoki Stephen K. 
Published: February 2022

Background: The anterior center-edge angle (ACEA) is used to quantify anterior coverage of the femoral head by the acetabulum. However, its measurement has not been evaluated in a manner consistent with routine use, and the precise 3-dimensional (3D) anatomic location where it measures coverage is not known. Purpose: To determine the effect of patient positioning on ACEA measurement reliability, magnitude, and 3D location. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Included were 18 adults; 7 participants had cam morphology and femoroacetabular impingement syndrome, and 11 participants had no radiographic evidence of hip abnormalities and no history of hip pain or injuries. Ultimately, 3D femur and pelvis models were generated from computed tomography images. Radiographs were generated with the models in different degrees of pelvic rotation, tilt, and obliquity relative to the standard false-profile view. The ACEA was measured by 2 raters by selecting the location of the bone edge on each radiograph. Selections were projected onto the pelvis model and expressed as a clockface location on the acetabular rim. The clockface was mirrored on left hips to allow a direct comparison of locations between hips. Interrater and intrarater reliability were quantified via the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The effect of position on ACEA measurements and clockface locations was determined via linear regression. Results: Intrarater and interrater reliability were excellent (ICC ≥0.97 for all). For every degree increase in rotation, tilt, and obliquity, the ACEA changed by +0.53°, +0.93°, and –0.04°, respectively. The mean clockface location (hour:minute:second) in the false-profile view was 2:09:32 ± 0:12:00 and changed by +0:02:08, –0:00:35, and –0:00:05 for every degree increase in rotation, tilt, and obliquity, respectively. Conclusion: ACEA measurements were reliable even with differences in patient positioning. Rotation and tilt were associated with notable changes in ACEA measurements. ACEA bone edge measurements mapped to the anterosuperior acetabular rim, typically in proximity to the anterior inferior iliac spine. Mapped location was most sensitive to rotation. Clinical Relevance: Pelvic rotation and tilt affected ACEA measurements, which could alter the clinical classification and treatment of borderline abnormalities. Rotation in particular must be well controlled during patient imaging to preserve measurement reliability and accuracy and to describe coverage from the intended 3D rim location.
Themes and Narratives of Gig Economy: An Indian HR Perspective
Authors: Pant Jyoti Joshi , Majumder Madhumita Guha 
Published: February 2022

Industry experts estimate that there could be over 15 million gig economy workers in India. Despite its massive potential, India’s gig economy is still at a very nascent stage. Due to the recent pandemic, many companies were forced to trim staff and hire gig workers due to uncertain market conditions. This has dispelled many reservations about the dependability and long-term viability of a gig workforce. India can emerge as one of the largest markets for flexible staffing globally. It is therefore apt that a research article traces the Indian gig economy and draws valid inferences for the human resource (HR) function. The objective of this article is to review and synthesise themes and narratives around gig economy from the perspective of people’s function. The study analyses the concepts in two phases. In phase I, we summarise the key concepts from academic research. We, further, extract the opinions of business professionals; in phase II, using text mining techniques in SPSS Modeler Text of qualitative data discussed in the Indian context is used to come up with the gig economy narrative in India. This inductive research draws inferences from secondary data available in newspapers, magazines, blogs, research journals and comments posted on social media like LinkedIn and Twitter. The findings of this article reveal how gig economy has shaped the employer–employee relationship. While doing so, we present the opportunities and challenges for the gig workers, the influence of the pandemic in fuelling the gig economy and perception of the organisations. There is more positive sentiment and optimism around the gig economy in India. The role of the managers will transform in this model, and functions like learning and development and performance management will undergo vital changes. Creating a sense of inclusion and belongingness among the gig workers will become a priority. Therefore, to become a stable employment model, there is a need to create a robust gig ecosystem where expectations of all the important stakeholders are understood and met. Implication: The union budget 2021–2022 for the first time acknowledged the gig economy and announced social security benefits for the gig workers. It is time for HR and policymakers to redesign policies and processes that will not just accommodate gig workers into the formal employment but also foster inclusion. The exhaustive review of literature provides a holistic picture of gig economy to scholars interested in the field of gig economy, psychological contract, and diversity and inclusion. Practitioners can use insights from this research study to manage, engage and retain their gig talent.
TAL Effectors with Avirulence Activity in African Strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Authors: Lachaux Marlène , Thomas Emilie , Bogdanove Adam J. , Szurek Boris , Hutin Mathilde 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes bacterial leaf blight, a devastating disease of rice. Among the type-3 effectors secreted by Xoo to support pathogen virulence, the Transcription Activator-Like Effector (TALE) family plays a critical role. Some TALEs are major virulence factors that activate susceptibility (S) genes, overexpression of which contributes to disease development. Host incompatibility can result from TALE-induced expression of so-called executor (E) genes leading to a strong and rapid resistance response that blocks disease development. In that context, the TALE functions as an avirulence (Avr) factor. To date no such avirulence factors have been identified in African strains of Xoo.

Results
With respect to the importance of TALEs in the Rice-Xoo pathosystem, we aimed at identifying those that may act as Avr factor within African Xoo. We screened 86 rice accessions, and identified 12 that were resistant to two African strains while being susceptible to a well-studied Asian strain. In a gain of function approach based on the introduction of each of the nine tal genes of the avirulent African strain MAI1 into the virulent Asian strain PXO99A, four were found to trigger resistance on specific rice accessions. Loss-of-function mutational analysis further demonstrated the avr activity of two of them, talD and talI, on the rice varieties IR64 and CT13432 respectively. Further analysis of TalI demonstrated the requirement of its activation domain for triggering resistance in CT13432. Resistance in 9 of the 12 rice accessions that were resistant against African Xoo specifically, including CT13432, could be suppressed or largely suppressed by trans-expression of the truncTALE tal2h, similarly to resistance conferred by the Xa1 gene which recognizes TALEs generally independently of their activation domain.

Conclusion
We identified and characterized TalD and TalI as two African Xoo TALEs with avirulence activity on IR64 and CT13432 respectively. Resistance of CT13432 against African Xoo results from the combination of two mechanisms, one relying on the TalI-mediated induction of an unknown executor gene and the other on an Xa1-like gene or allele.
Candida albicans Infections: a novel porcine wound model to evaluate treatment efficacy
Authors: Gil Joel , Solis Michael , Higa Alexander , Davis Stephen C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCandida albicans is a common cause of opportunistic mycoses worldwide and a major contributor in wound infections. The purpose of this study was to establish a fungal wound model and analyze the effects of a common antifungal agent against the proliferation of three C. albicans strains. Second degree burns were created, and then inoculated with one of three different C. albicans ATCC strains: 10261 reference strain, 64550 fluconazole resistant and 26310 fluconazole sensitive. After fungal inoculation, every wound was covered with dressings for 4 h to allow fungal colonization on every wound bed. After 4 h, the dressings were removed, and each wound was treated either once or twice daily with a topical terbinafine hydrochloride or left untreated. On days 2, 4 and 7 post inoculation, three wounds from each treatment group were scrub cultured and quantified. On day 2, wounds infected with the sensitive strains 26310 and 10261 and treated twice showed a significant reduction when compared against those infected wounds receiving once daily treatment. On day 4, wounds which were infected with C. albicans fluconazole sensitive (ATCC 26310) showed a significant reduction in fungal cell counts with treatment applied twice daily. A significant reduction in the colony counts was exhibited in all three strains at the seventh day with active as compared to the non-treated wounds. Twice daily treatment resulted in a lower fungal count than once daily treatment. Neither treatment was able to entirely eradicate C. albicans during the duration of this study. Establishing a reliable fungal wound model will help in the translational goal of identifying new antifungal that could be used clinically by wound care providers.
Profiling the cell walls of seagrasses from A (Amphibolis) to Z (Zostera)
Authors: Pfeifer Lukas , van Erven Gijs , Sinclair Elizabeth A. , Duarte Carlos M. , Kabel Mirjam A. , Classen Birgit 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The polyphyletic group of seagrasses shows an evolutionary history from early monocotyledonous land plants to the marine environment. Seagrasses form important coastal ecosystems worldwide and large amounts of seagrass detritus washed on beaches might also be valuable bioeconomical resources. Despite this importance and potential, little is known about adaptation of these angiosperms to the marine environment and their cell walls.

Results
We investigated polysaccharide composition of nine seagrass species from the Mediterranean, Red Sea and eastern Indian Ocean. Sequential extraction revealed a similar seagrass cell wall polysaccharide composition to terrestrial angiosperms: arabinogalactans, pectins and different hemicelluloses, especially xylans and/or xyloglucans. However, the pectic fractions were characterized by the monosaccharide apiose, suggesting unusual apiogalacturonans are a common feature of seagrass cell walls. Detailed analyses of four representative species identified differences between organs and species in their constituent monosaccharide composition and lignin content and structure. Rhizomes were richer in glucosyl units compared to leaves and roots. Enhalus had high apiosyl and arabinosyl abundance, while two Australian species of Amphibolis and Posidonia, were characterized by high amounts of xylosyl residues. Interestingly, the latter two species contained appreciable amounts of lignin, especially in roots and rhizomes whereas Zostera and Enhalus were lignin-free. Lignin structure in Amphibolis was characterized by a higher syringyl content compared to that of Posidonia.

Conclusions
Our investigations give a first comprehensive overview on cell wall composition across seagrass families, which will help understanding adaptation to a marine environment in the evolutionary context and evaluating the potential of seagrass in biorefinery incentives.
Long-segmental middle aortic coarctation: a rare case first diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography
Authors: Wang Jiwei , Yang Canying , Lai Bin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Middle aortic coarctation (MAC), also known as middle aortic syndrome, is an atypical aortic coarctation characterized by narrowing of the distal thoracic aorta and proximal abdominal aorta. MAC is a rare disease commonly diagnosed by computed tomography angiography (CTA). In this paper, we present a case of long-segmental MAC first diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and further evaluated by CTA.
Case presentation.
A 14-year-old girl, with dyspnea and fatigue on exertion for 2 months and refractory hypertension for 6 months, was referred by the local clinic to our hospital. Physical examination showed blood pressure up to 176/100 mmHg measured in the arms despite dual antihypertensives, a marked pressure gradient between her arms and legs, and weak pulses in both dorsal pedes arteries. TTE revealed a segmental narrowing in the descending thoracic aorta below the level of the atrioventricular sulcus, with a calcified plaque in the stenotic region. Abdominal vascular ultrasound revealed the segmental narrowing extending to the descending abdominal aorta (5.7 mm in diameter) above the level of the superior mesenteric artery. Subsequently, CTA verified a long-segment narrowing in the descending aorta from the level of T8 to L2 vertebra, with a calcified plaque in the stenotic aorta, right renal artery involvement, and a rich network of collateral vessels between the pre-and post-stenotic region. The patient was referred for cardiovascular surgery in which a successful ascending aorta-abdominal aorta bypass was performed.

Conclusions
Although MAC is usually diagnosed by CTA, it may also be first diagnosed by TTE in some patients whose longitudinal axis view of the thoracic descending aorta could be shown. Careful TTE scan can improve the diagnostic rate of MAC, especially for some hypertension patients whose marked pressure gradient between arms and legs was ignored by the physician.
A randomized controlled clinical trial of prolonged balloon inflation during stent deployment strategy in primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a pilot study
Authors: Ma Min , Wang Ling , Diao Kai-yue , Liang Shi-chu , Zhu Ye , Wang Hua , Wang Mian , Zhang Li , Yang Zhi-gang , He Yong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is the standard procedure for reperfusion for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but the occurrence of the no-reflow phenomenon remains common and is associated with adverse outcomes.

Aims
This study aimed to evaluate whether prolonged balloon inflation in stent deployment would lessen the occurrence of the no-reflow phenomenon in PPCI compared with conventional rapid inflation/deflation strategy.

Methods
Patients were randomly assigned to either the prolonged balloon inflation in stent deployment group (PBSG) or conventional deployment strategy group (CDSG) in a 1:1 ratio. A subset of patients was included in the cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) assessment.

Results
Thrombolysis in MI (TIMI) flow grade 3 was found in 96.7% and 63.3% of the patients of the PBSG and CDSG, respectively (P = 0.005). The results of the PBSG and CDSG are respectively shown as follows: 0% versus 30% no-reflow or slow flow (P = 0.002); 90% versus 66.7% ST-segment resolution ≥ 50% (P = 0.028); 35.6 ± 14.5 frames versus 49.18 ± 25.2 frames on corrected TIMI frame count (P = 0.014); and 60% versus 20% myocardial blush grade 3 (P = 0.001). At 1 month, the major cardiovascular adverse event (cardiovascular mortality) rate was 3.3% in both groups; at 1 year, the rate was 3.3% and 6.7% for the PBSG and CDSG, respectively (P = 1.00). In the CMR subset of cases, the presence of microvascular obstruction (MVO) was detected in 6.7% and 50% of the patients in the PBSG and CDSG, respectively (P = 0.023).

Conclusion
In our pilot trial, prolonged balloon inflation during stent deployment strategy in PPCI reduces the occurrence of the no-reflow phenomenon in patients with STEMI and improved the myocardial microcirculation perfusion (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT03199014; registered: 26/June/2017).