bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep‐water delivery model of Ruppia seeds to a nearshore/terrestrial setting and its chronological implications for Late Pleistocene footprints, Tularosa Basin, New Mexico
Authors: Rachal David M. , Mead Jim I. , Dello‐Russo Robert , Cuba Mathew T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRuppia cirrhosa (Ruppia) seed layers have been used to constrain the age of footprints along the eastern shoreline of Paleolake Otero in southern New Mexico to around 21,000–23,000 calibrated years before the present. However, there remain two unresolved questions that can affect the reliability of the age(s) of the footprints. First, what is the nature of the geological context of the seed layers? Second, did the hard‐water effect impact the accuracy of the radiocarbon dates? It has been argued that the dated Ruppia plants grew in situ in a very shallow, freshwater‐infused system that minimized the hard‐water effect. Many of these Ruppia seed layers contain ball‐like aggregations made of Ruppia plant materials. We provide new evidence that these balls and seed layers were introduced to the discovery site by high wind seiche events during Late Pleistocene thunderstorms. In our proposed site formation model, the Ruppia plants and seeds originated in deeper water settings outside the site, thus it is very likely that the hard‐water effect has impacted the accuracy of the radiocarbon dates. As such, the radiocarbon assays of Ruppia seeds previously used to date the prehistoric footprints along Paleolake Otero could be thousands of years too old.
The floating astronomical time scale for the terrestrial Early Permian Fengcheng Formation from the Junggar Basin and its stratigraphic and palaeoclimate implications
Authors: Tang Yong , Zheng Menglin , Wang Xiatian , Wang Tao , Cheng Hu , Hei Chenlu 
Published: September 2022

The Permian Fengcheng Formation of the Mahu Sag in the Jungar Basin is one of the most important hydrocarbon source rocks in Xinjiang oil field. The preservation of the geological records of Milankovitch cycles can be studied to understand the history of the Earth's evolution and sedimentary processes, and high‐resolution astronomical time scales (ATS) can be obtained by analysing (quasi) periodic sedimentary signals in geological records. In this study, the natural gamma ray (GR) and density (DEN) logging data are used to carry out a detailed spectrum analysis, including 2π‐Multi‐taper Method (MTM), Evolutive Harmonic Analysis (EHA), Correlation coefficient method (COCO) and DYNOT simulation. GR and DEN data analysis results show sedimentary cycles of 39.3, 9.1 m, 3.6–2.7 m and 2.1–1.7 m, 37.5, 9.7, 3.7 m and 2.4–1.9 m in MY‐1 well; MH‐15 well recorded the significant peaks at 81, 20, 8.6 m and 3.6–3.4 m and 66, 17.6, 6.8 m and 3.3–2.7 m; FN‐14 well revealed high‐confidence level frequencies with wavelength of 97, 23, 8.8 and 3.9 m and 88, 22, 8.5 m and 4–3.4 m respectively. The average sediment accumulation rates (SAR) are estimated at 9–9.7 cm/kyr for MY‐1, 14.5–19 cm/kyr for MH‐15, 13.5–14.5 cm/kyr for FN‐14 by using the COCO. In addition, we construct a continuous time scale for Fengcheng Formation, yielding a deposition duration of about 3.5 ± 0.2 Myr for these three drilling cores. Finally, we used the DYNOT sea‐level change model to analyse the GR and DEN logging series of three wells, for reconstructing the lake‐level changes of the Fengcheng Formation in the Junggar Basin.
Sex‐specific analysis of microRNA profiles in HBV‐associated cirrhosis by small RNA‐sequencing
Authors: Chan Kristy Kwan‐Shuen , Au Kwan‐Yung , Fung Wai‐Ching , Wong Cheuk‐Yan , Chan Albert Chi‐Yan , Lo Regina Cheuk‐Lam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Liver cirrhosis represents an advanced stage of chronic liver disease and is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and risk of cancer development. While sex disparity of liver diseases has been observed, understanding at a genetic level awaits more thorough investigation. In this study, we performed a sex‐specific analysis of the microRNA (miR) profiles in hepatitis B virus (HBV)–associated cirrhosis by small RNA‐sequencing using clinical tissue samples. Potential associated signaling pathways, downstream gene targets, and upstream regulators were highlighted by computational prediction analyses based on the differentially expressed miRs (DEmiRs). From our results, deregulation of miRs in cirrhosis showed a marked difference between males and females by the degree and pattern. Sixty‐five (64 up‐regulated, 1 down‐regulated) and 12 (6 up‐regulated, 6 down‐regulated) DEmiRs were found in males and females, respectively, when compared with their respective control group. A number of DEmiRs were only observed in one sex but not the other. In addition, 26 DEmiRs were identified between cirrhosis female and cirrhosis male groups. Fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, extracellular matrix–receptor interaction, p53 signaling, Hippo signaling, tumor necrosis factor signaling, the forkhead box O signaling, as well as gene targets ribosomal protein S27 like, methyl CpG binding protein 2, and estrogen receptor 1, may contribute to the pathogenesis and biological behavior of cirrhosis in a sex‐specific manner. Analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas data set suggested a role of sex‐specific DEmiRs in multistep hepatocarcinogenesis. Conclusion: Our findings illustrate that miR profiles in HBV‐associated cirrhosis are distinct between the males and females and suggest a potential role of sex‐specific biomarkers and molecular mechanisms in disease development and progression.
Numerical analysis of the longitudinal size of the partition on natural convection heat transfer and fluid flow within a differentially heated porous enclosure
Authors: Chordiya Jayesh , Sharma Ram Vinoy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe article deals with the effect of longitudinal size and shape partition embedded within a differentially heated porous enclosure. The objective is to curtail the heat transfer rate across such porous enclosures by means of partitions embedded within. The partition shapes under consideration are straight vertical left‐inclined, right‐inclined, L‐shaped, wavy, corrugated, and square‐wave. It is sought to find the most effective combination of partition length and shape that could serve the required objective. Also, many times, due to the constructional constraints of the porous enclosure or cavity, using full‐length partitions may not be feasible. In this regard, it is also sought to find the partition length that is to be maintained for achieving a significant reduction in heat transfer without much compromise. The results of the current study are useful for thermal design engineers particularly in the field of thermal insulation, solar heating application, and packed bed energy storage systems where the major challenge is to reduce the heat transfer across the system. The parameters under consideration are the longitudinal length L and Rayleigh number Ra. All the partitions under study are evaluated for bottom‐wall and top‐wall attached conditions. Some of the notable findings are that for smaller‐sized partitions (B < 0.5), L‐shaped partitions are most effective in controlling the convection heat transfer rate across the enclosure while for larger‐sized partitions (L > 0.5), square‐wave‐shaped partitions should be preferred for effective reduction in the rate of convection heat transfer.
Quantifying sediment and particulate phosphorus accumulation in restored floodplain wetlands using beryllium‐7 as a tracer
Authors: Blake William H. , Hoffmann Carl Christian , Poulsen Jane Rosenstand , Taylor Alex , Kronvang Brian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFloodplain wetlands in agricultural river basins provide critical ecosystem services such as nutrient retention, flood mitigation, carbon sequestration and ecological habitats and are a key component of a nature‐based solution approach to restoration. In the context of the global challenge to reducing impact increasingly intensive food production on downstream ecosystems, restoration of wetlands in river floodplains offers a practical means for downstream retention and mitigation of P flux from upstream agricultural land. Data on short term, flood event related, accretion rates are, however, difficult to acquire via conventional monitoring yet such information is essential for restoration planning and scenario testing. Here, we evaluate a promising approach that applies naturally‐occurring short‐lived fallout radionuclide (FRN) 7Be as a tracer to quantify sediment and, by association, particulate phosphorus retention rates in restored floodplain wetlands. Following a series of major inundation events, a restored floodplain unit was sampled to determine 7Be inventories of the floodplain relative to an undisturbed reference site. This was undertaken in conjunction with direct measurement of sedimentation as an independent check of FRN results. Accretion rates up to 27 kg m−2 were recorded using 7Be for recent deposition events compared to a longer term annual average rate of ca. 6 kg m−2 derived from 137Cs measurements. While accretion rates varied spatially and temporally, there was excellent coherence between FRN‐based measurements and direct measurements once rigorous correction for particle size effects on tracer properties had been undertaken. The study demonstrates the important contribution that FRN technology can make to support wetland management and restoration initiatives and the essential need for a systems thinking approach across the soil‐sediment continuum. Such decision support tools will become increasingly important in the 21st century with growing anthropogenic pressure on aquatic ecosystems related to upstream food production, and implementation of more nature‐based solutions such as restored wetlands to counteract these pressures.
Nonlinear relationships of runoff and sediment yield with natural and anthropogenic factors at event scale
Authors: Huang Xuan , She Dongli 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how natural and anthropogenic factors affects the watershed runoff and sediment yield at event scale can provide useful insights into watershed hydrological processes to guide watershed management. This article investigates the nonlinear relationships between natural and anthropogenic factors and event runoff and sediment yield with a boosted regression tree (BRT) model for 38 watersheds within the Loess Plateau in China during 2006 to 2016. The BRT model captures the relative importance of each natural and anthropogenic factors to the variability in runoff and sediment yield. The results show that these relationships are complex and highly nonlinear. The event runoff was most related to NDVI in the grass land (NDVI_g), with a 21.3% contribution, followed by 3‐day antecedent precipitation index (AP3), 10‐day antecedent precipitation index (AP10), precipitation (P), and 7‐day antecedent precipitation index (AP7). For event sediment yield, the strongest factor is AP3, with contribution of 33.3%, followed by P, NDVI in the forest land (NDVI_f), AP7, and NDVI in the crop land (NDVI_c). The marginal effect curves produced by the BRT are often characterized by thresholds. For instance, NDVI_f has the greatest effect on event sediment yield reduction when NDVI_f = 0.42, suggesting that a very intense green coverage is not necessary to achieve maximal soil erosion control. Vegetation coverage and meteorological factors can explain 54.7% of event runoff variation and 55.6% of event sediment yield variation. Our study identify the nonlinear relationships between runoff and sediment yield with vegetation cover and meteorological factors and provide scientific support for the planning of subsequent reforestation projects in the Loess Plateau.
Cell division cycle 42 positively correlates with T helper 2 cytokine, effusion viscosity, and hearing loss degree in otitis media with effusion patients
Authors: Wu Dan , Yang Yang , Duan Chuanxin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveCell division cycle 42 (CDC42) participates in the pathogenesis of some T‐cell‐mediated inflammatory diseases via regulating CD4+ T‐cell differentiation and inflammation response. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of CDC42 and T helper (Th)1/Th2 cytokines with disease risk, effusion viscosity, and hearing loss degree of otitis media with effusion (OME).MethodsCDC42, interleukin (IL)‐4, and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) in effusion and serum of 78 OME patients were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Besides, the effusion (irrigating fluid) and serum samples of 30 controls (adenoid hypertrophy patients without OME) were also obtained for CDC42, IL‐4, and IFN‐γ determination.ResultsEffusion CDC42 and IL‐4 were elevated in OME patients compared with controls (both p < 0.001). Effusion CDC42 was positively correlated with effusion IL‐4 in OME patients (p = 0.004) and controls (p = 0.012) but was not related to effusion IFN‐γ (both p > 0.050). Additionally, effusion CDC42 (p = 0.025) and IL‐4 (p = 0.023) were increased in OME patients with mucoid effusion compared to patients with serous effusion, while effusion IFN‐γ was of no difference between those patients (p = 0.215). Meanwhile, elevated effusion CDC42 (p = 0.012) and IL‐4 (p = 0.033) were linked with increased hearing loss degrees, whereas effusion IFN‐γ was not related to hearing loss degrees (p = 0.057). Moreover, the findings of serum CDC42, IL‐4, and IFN‐γ showed similar trends as effusion ones; nonetheless, their correlation with disease features was generally weaker.ConclusionOME patients present with elevated CDC42 and IL‐4 levels; the latter factors are intercorrelated and positively associate with effusion viscosity and hearing loss degree.
Differential identification of urine crystals with morphologic characteristics and solubility test
Authors: Lee A‐Jin , Yoo Eun‐Hyung , Bae Young‐Cheol , Jung Sang Bong , Jeon Chang‐Ho 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundUrinary crystals are the most diverse forms of urine sediments. Reference images for typical urinary crystals are common, however, but images for interpreting atypical urinary crystals are very rare. The authors reviewed various forms and solubility tests of urine crystals to interpret atypical crystals found in clinical specimens.MethodsWe reviewed textbooks on urinary crystals and articles published in PubMed. Some atypical crystals were confirmed using a solubility test.ResultsThe classification, shape, chemical structure, and solubility of the crystals were summarized. In the solubility test, some crystals showed different results; therefore, a new solubility test was proposed based on the literature review. We presented various types of calcium oxalates.ConclusionsThese review articles will be helpful in the examination of atypical crystals found in clinical specimens. The solubility test requires additional studies to discriminate the inconsistent results between the authors.
Metformin protects against vascular calcification through the selective degradation of Runx2 by the p62 autophagy receptor
Authors: Phadwal Kanchan , Koo Eve , Jones Ross A. , Forsythe Rachael O. , Tang Keyi , Tang Qiyu , Corcoran Brendan M. , Caporali Andrea , MacRae Vicky E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVascular calcification is associated with aging, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis, and increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is an active, highly regulated process that resembles physiological bone formation. It has previously been established that pharmacological doses of metformin alleviate arterial calcification through adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)‐activated autophagy, however the specific pathway remains elusive. In the present study we hypothesized that metformin protects against arterial calcification through the direct autophagic degradation of runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). Calcification was blunted in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by metformin in a dose‐dependent manner (0.5−1.5 mM) compared to control cells (p < 0.01). VSMCs cultured under high‐phosphate (Pi) conditions in the presence of metformin (1 mM) showed a significant increase in LC3 puncta following bafilomycin‐A1 (Baf‐A; 5 nM) treatment compared to control cells (p < 0.001). Furthermore, reduced expression of Runx2 was observed in the nuclei of metformin‐treated calcifying VSMCs (p < 0.0001). Evaluation of the functional role of autophagy through Atg3 knockdown in VSMCs showed aggravated Pi‐induced calcification (p < 0.0001), failure to induce autophagy (punctate LC3) (p < 0.001) and increased nuclear Runx2 expression (p < 0.0001) in VSMCs cultured under high Pi conditions in the presence of metformin (1 mM). Mechanistic studies employing three‐way coimmunoprecipitation with Runx2, p62, and LC3 revealed that p62 binds to both LC3 and Runx2 upon metformin treatment in VSMCs. Furthermore, immunoblotting with LC3 revealed that Runx2 specifically binds with p62 and LC3‐II in metformin‐treated calcified VSMCs. Lastly, we investigated the importance of the autophagy pathway in vascular calcification in a clinical setting. Ex vivo clinical analyses of calcified diabetic lower limb artery tissues highlighted a negative association between Runx2 and LC3 in the vascular calcification process. These studies suggest that exploitation of metformin and its analogues may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for clinical intervention through the induction of AMPK/Autophagy Related 3 (Atg3)‐dependent autophagy and the subsequent p62‐mediated autophagic degradation of Runx2.
Faculty diversity, equity, and inclusion in academic dentistry: Has dental education missed the call of #MeToo?
Authors: Zarkowski Pamela , Brady Michelle , Saeed Sophia G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFaculty, students, and staff experience sexual harassment in the workplace and educational environment. Frequently, the victim takes no action either due to a lack of understanding of their rights or concern about retaliation or adverse outcomes if an incident is reported. The #MeToo movement has enhanced awareness of sexual harassment and its impact on victims. However, dental institutions vary in their approach to creating an environment free from harassment and supportive of individuals subject to inappropriate or illegal behaviors. In this article, four vignettes provide examples of harassment, mistreatment, or bias. Common themes and critical issues within the vignettes are then identified, discussing the potentially illegal, unethical, inappropriate, and unprofessional behaviors and comments. Strategies to address the issues identified are described. Recommendations are also provided to assist dental institutions and educators in evaluating their current practices and policies and implementing change.
Minimum degree and the graph removal lemma
Authors: Fox Jacob , Wigderson Yuval 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe clique removal lemma says that for every and , there exists some so that every ‐vertex graph with fewer than copies of can be made ‐free by removing at most edges. The dependence of on in this result is notoriously difficult to determine: it is known that must be at least super‐polynomial in , and that it is at most of tower type in . We prove that if one imposes an appropriate minimum degree condition on , then one can actually take to be a linear function of in the clique removal lemma. Moreover, we determine the threshold for such a minimum degree requirement, showing that above this threshold we have linear bounds, whereas below the threshold the bounds are once again super‐polynomial, as in the unrestricted removal lemma. We also investigate this question for other graphs besides cliques, and prove some general results about how minimum degree conditions affect the bounds in the graph removal lemma.
Hydrogen sulfide inhibits human T‐cell leukemia virus type‐1 (HTLV‐1) protein expression via regulation of ATG4B
Authors: Liu Huandi , Sun Jiaxiang , Cheng Xuhong , Duan Liangwei , Guo Shuaifeng , Zhang Zhongxin , Wan Jia , Wang Chunduo , Zhi Xiaoying , Yuan Linghui , Wang Hui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a redox gasotransmitter. It has been shown that H2S has a key role in host antiviral defense by inhibiting interleukin production and S‐sulfhydrating Keap1 lead to Nrf2/ARE pathway activation. However, it is yet unclear whether H2S can play an antiviral role by regulating autophagy. In this study, we found that exogenous H2S decreased the expression of human T‐cell leukemia virus type‐1 (HTLV‐1) protein and HTLV‐1 induced autophagosomes accumulation. Transmission electron microscope assays indicated that autophagosomes accumulation decreased after H2S administration. HTLV‐1‐transformed T‐cell lines had a high level of CSE (H2S endogenous enzyme) which could be induced in Hela by HTLV‐1 infection. Immunoblot demonstrated that overexpression of CSE inhibited HTLV‐1 protein expression and autophagy. And we got the opposite after CSE knockdown. Meanwhile, H2S could not restrain the autophagy when ATG4B had a mutant at its site of 89. In a word, these results suggested that H2S modulated HTLV‐1 protein expression via ATG4B. Therefore, our findings suggested a new mechanism by which H2S defended against virus infection.
How do biochar size fractions and organic fertilizers interactively influence nitrous oxide emission from a tropical vertisol?
Authors: Kollah Bharati , Ahirwar Usha , Parmar Rakesh , Devi Mayanglambam Homeshwari , Atoliya Nagvanti , Shinoji K. C. , Patra Ashok , Singh Amar Bahadur , Dubey Garima , Mohanty Santosh Ranjan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundNitrous oxide (N2O) emission from agriculture is increasing alarmingly due to intensive application of inorganic and organic fertilizers. Recently, biochar has been identified as a promising additive to improve agriculture by enhancing soil function and mitigate greenhouse gas emission. However, it is unclear how biochar of different size fractions influences N2O emission from agricultural soil.AimsThe current experiment aims to understand how the size of biochar (BC) and organic fertilizers interactively influence N2O emission from a tropical vertisol.MethodsBC was prepared using pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) stalks and further processed to obtain two size fractions (<0.25 mm or 0.25–2.00 mm). Organic fertilizers (vermicompost [VC], poultry manure [PM], or farmyard manure [FYM]) and BC were added to soil to evaluate N2O emission potential. BC was added to soil at 10% (w/w), whereas the organic fertilizers were added at 80 kg N ha–1. Emission of CO2 and the abundance of 16S rRNA and amoA gene copies were estimated after incubation period. The interactive effect of BC size fractions and organic fertilizers were statistically evaluated.ResultsBoth BC and organic fertilizers stimulated N2O emission in soil. BC of larger size stimulated N2O emission (µg N2O produced g–1 soil day–1) more than smaller size. Of the three organic fertilizers, PM resulted highest N2O (0.380) emission followed by FYM (0.240) and VC (0.210). BC (0.25 mm) + PM produced least N2O. Abundance of heterotrophic bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies and ammonia‐oxidizing bacterial (AOB) amoA gene copies were highest in PM + BC and lowest in control. Significant relation (p < 0.0001) existed among N2O emission, CO2 emission, and microbial abundance.ConclusionsBC of small size fraction along with organic fertilizers can be an effective strategy to mitigate N2O emission from tropical vertisol.