bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competency oriented management for sustainable artisanal andsmall‐scalemining sector development in Ethiopia
Authors: Hassen Anwar Endris 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe continued decline of artisanal and small‐scale mining (ASM) sector gold supply through the legal scheme in Ethiopia reflects sector management framework failure. The current result‐based management framework tends to focus on monitoring and tracking mining activities with the main objective of collecting revenue, and it has been demonstrated to be a bad approach. Therefore, this study proposed a competency‐oriented sector management framework. The concept behind the proposed framework revolves around identifying sector elements that help define appropriate sector structure, institutions, processes, and organizational interlinks where a subtle balance between economic, social, and environmental aspects of the ASM sector is maintained. To identify the elements, the research follows two‐step analysis approaches. First, the study conducted a problem analysis in the ASM in Ethiopia and identified key sectorial challenges from literature and the perceptions, opinions, and beliefs of stakeholders through individual interviews and focused group discussion in a semi‐structured context. From collected resources, initial codes were generated, and then themes were identified from the codes. The identified ASM sector themes/elements are governance in ASM, community development, methodological advancement, technology transfer, and environmental conservation. The study discusses the scope and the source through which the elements have been defined. Established sector elements are employed to perform a gap analysis of the legal and organizational structures of the sector's institutional framework. And the assessment found there is a serious mismatch between sector elements and sector institutional formation, where the study found sector planning, monitoring, and evaluation lack to encompass social and environmental aspects of the sector. Therefore, the study recommends rewiring the current sector management where sector competencies gain representation in the ASM institutional formation. This will facilitate a clear sector evaluation and establish a sense of accountability in sector management.
Pan‐risk factor for a comprehensive cardiovascular health management
Authors: Zheng Ruizhi , Xu Yu , Li Mian , Lu Jieli , Xu Min , Wang Tiange , Zhao Zhiyun , Wang Shuangyuan , Lin Hong , Zhang Xiaoyun , Bi Yufang , Wang Weiqing , Ning Guang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become the leading cause of death in China. CVDs are mainly caused by multiple well‐known modifiable risk factors that are affected by socioeconomic and environmental determinants, lifestyle and behavioral choices, and familial and genetic predispositions. With more risk factors proved to be associated with CVD occurrence, the concept “pan‐risk factor” is proposed in this review to indicate all discovered and yet‐to‐be‐discovered CVD risk factors for comprehensive primary prevention of CVD. Recognizing more factors and their roles in CVD development and progression is the first step in reducing the ever‐increasing burden of CVD. This review is an overview of the pan‐risk factor whose associations with CVD outcomes have been established. Along with the accumulation of scientific evidence, an increasing number of risk factors will be discovered and included in the list of pan‐risk factors.
The innate immune stimulant Amplimune® is safe to administer to young feedlot cattle
Authors: Alexander AL , Doyle E , Ingham AB , Colditz I , McRae G , Alkemade S , Cervantes MP , Hine BC 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundInfectious disease has a significant impact on livestock production. Availability of alternatives to antibiotics to prevent and treat disease is required to reduce reliance on antibiotics while not impacting animal welfare. Innate immune stimulants, such as mycobacterium cell wall fractions (MCWF), are used as alternatives to antibiotics for the treatment and prevention of infectious disease in a number of species including cattle, horses and dogs. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of Amplimune®, an MCWF‐based immune stimulant, for weaner Angus cattle.MethodsOn day −1 and 0, sixty mixed‐sex Angus weaner cattle were transported for 6 h before being inducted and housed in a large single pen, simulating feedlot induction conditions. The cattle were assigned to one of six treatment groups (n = 10 per group): 2 mL Amplimune intramuscularly (2IM); 2 mL Amplimune subcutaneously (2SC); 5 mL Amplimune intramuscularly (5IM); 5 mL Amplimune subcutaneously (5SC); 5 mL saline intramuscularly (SalIM) and 5 mL saline subcutaneously (SalSC) on day 0 following transportation. Body temperature, body weight, concentrations of circulating pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐12) and haematology parameters were measured at various times up to 96 h post‐treatment.ResultsNo adverse effects from Amplimune treatment were observed. Amplimune induced an increase in circulating cytokine TNFα concentrations, total white blood cell count and lymphocyte counts indicative of activation of the innate immune system without causing an excessive inflammatory response.ConclusionsResults confirm that Amplimune can be safely administered to beef cattle at the dose rates and via the routes of administration investigated here.
The flooded habitat adaptation, niche differentiation, and evolution of Myristicaceae trees in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot in India
Authors: Shivaprakash K. Nagaraju , Rajanna Jagadish M. , Gunaga Srikanth V. , Ravikanth Gudasalamani , Vasudeva Ramesh , Shaanker Ramanan Uma , Dayanandan Selvadurai 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEnvironmental heterogeneity is considered as one of the main drivers of habitat specialization and niche evolution among tropical plant lineages, and local‐scale habitat specialization promotes niche differentiation among sister taxa. In this study, we examined the degree to which habitat specialization leads to niche differentiation across the distribution range of a given species using five species of the family Myristicaceae native to Western Ghats, India, as an example. In the Western Ghats, Myristicaceae species occur in two main habitat types, namely, freshwater swamps (flooded habitat) and terra firme forest (non‐flooded habitat), distributed across a seasonal flooding gradient. First, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of flooded habitat specialization among global and Western Ghats Myristicaceae by mapping flooded habitat association and traits conferring flood tolerance (e.g., aerial roots) on a dated phylogeny. Then, we investigated climatic niche differences among lineages occupying flooded and terra firme habitats using occurrence data and environmental variables. Our analysis revealed swampy habitat occurrence as the probable ancestral state with subsequent speciation events leading to adaptation to non‐swampy habitats. We also show that traits conferring flood tolerance have evolved independently several times during the evolution of Myristicaceae. Furthermore, phylogenetically distantly related Myristicaceae taxa occupying different habitats (flooded and terra firme habitat) in Western Ghats show significant niche divergence. Overall, the repeated gain of swampy habitat specialization and associated morphological traits and evidence for habitat‐associated climatic niche divergence among Myristicaceae taxa suggest that seasonal flooding may have been an important driver of ecological diversification in this primitive plant family.
‘Here, parents become nothing’: ‘Unparenting’ in Israel's policies toward Eritrean refugees
Authors: Birger Lior , Kedem Or , Nadan Yochay 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRefugees children and families cope with the complexities and opportunities of living in a new country. Based on in‐depth interviews with Eritrean parents in Israel and the social workers who serve them, this article explores the relationship between exclusionary state policies, the negative social construction of refugees and parenthood experiences. It presents two main types of unparenting, which can be defined as the interrelation between structural power and the intimate parent–child relationship: direct unparenting, reflecting the physical and psychological impact on parenting of family deportations and welfare interventions in at‐risk situations and more veiled unparenting, reflecting the accrual of a lack of legal status and rights and its impact – and that of racism – on the lack of parental resources such as time, income, education, emotional availability and, ultimately, the ability to ‘be parents’. Such precariousness further impairs parents' mental recovery, which in turn negatively impacts children's well‐being. Still, parents' resilience is demonstrated by their ability to manage work, family and community life. We conclude by noting a dearth in the research on the impact of socio‐political and legal contexts of the familial sphere, as well as the need to politicize social work practice with refugee children and families.
A hotspot of groundwater amphipod diversity on a crossroad of evolutionary radiations
Authors: Borko Špela , Altermatt Florian , Zagmajster Maja , Fišer Cene 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimGroundwater harbours an exceptional fauna and provides invaluable ecosystem services, yet is among the least explored and consequently least protected ecosystems. Successful protection of its biodiversity depends on complete species inventories, knowledge of species spatial distribution, and quantification of biodiversity patterns, as well as disentanglement of the processes that shaped biodiversity patterns. We studied the hyper‐speciose amphipod genusNiphargusas a model system within a global subterranean biodiversity hotspot. We linked the biodiversity patterns with possible underlying processes and discuss the needs to include information on different origins of biodiversity into conservation approaches.LocationEurope, Western Balkans.MethodsWe analysed biodiversity patterns ofNiphargususing two biodiversity metrics, species richness and phylogenetic diversity, on a grid‐based approach. To account for high cryptic diversity, we replaced nominal species with taxonomic units identified in unilocus delimitations (MOTUs). We built a time‐calibrated multilocus phylogeny of 512 NiphargusMOTUs from within and outside the study area, and calculated Faith's phylogenetic diversity, standardized effect sizes of phylogenetic diversity, and residual of phylogenetic diversity regressed onto species richness.ResultsWithin the study area, we recognized 245 MOTUs, belonging to differentNiphargusclades. Species richness is highest in a north‐western hotspot, although some species‐rich cells were detected also in the south‐east. High phylogenetic diversity coincides with high species richness in the north‐west, while in the south‐east it is lower than expected.Main conclusionsWe have shown that species richness does not predictably correlate with phylogenetic diversity. This difference suggests that different processes have led to the formation of species‐rich areas in the Western Balkans: through a combination of dispersal and speciation in the north‐west, and local radiation in the south‐east, respectively. This calls for caution in conservation strategies relying solely on number of species and may change the view on conservation priorities within this region.
Equality Street: Ideology and attitudes towards the purely relative definition of poverty
Authors: Dunn Andrew 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe (purely) relative definition of poverty remains influential as an evaluative yardstick for various government policies. Left‐wing social policy scholars and anti‐poverty campaigners' strong commitment to it contrasts sharply with public attitudes. Regression models using British Social Attitudes data found that ideological orientation was the most consistently powerful predictor of how people define poverty. Evidence suggests anti‐poverty organisations' campaign failures might be due to ideological opposition or to the conceptual weakness of purely relative poverty rather than (as campaigners have claimed) ineffective campaign tactics or the influence of the mass media. Conservative politicians have little to fear in opposing the Marxist concept.
A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study root canal fillings
Authors: De‐Deus Gustavo , Souza Erick Miranda , Silva Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal , Belladonna Felipe Gonçalves , Simões‐Carvalho Marco , Cavalcante Daniele Moreira , Versiani Marco Aurélio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCanal filling materials and techniques have been one of the most studied topics in Endodontics. A simple search using the mesh term “root canal filling” in PubMed revealed more than 11 000 articles, an impressive number that is much higher than “root canal disinfection” (5544 articles) or even the popular “root canal preparation” (8527 articles). The overriding importance attributed to root filling procedures is not merely intuitive. It derived from the appealing relevance given by the appearance of the white lines in common radiographs grounded on retrospective clinical data that had identified the quality of a root filling as one of the major causes of treatment failure (lack of healing). Since the publication of the Washington study, impressive efforts have been made for the release of new materials and techniques, as well as, for the development of a plethora of laboratory methods to assess the quality of root filling procedures. This narrative review aims to address and discuss the most relevant laboratory methods to assess the root canal filling. As filling quality improvements have not translated into higher success rates, as reported in longitudinal clinical studies, more than to deliver a simple methodology‐based review, this paper aims to present an in‐depth critical view on the assessment of laboratory methods used to study the filling materials and techniques. Recent data indicate that the long‐term dimensional stability/degradation over time of endodontic sealers plays a central role in the treatment outcome. In this context, laboratory methods should be developed focusing on predicting, at least to some degree, the long‐term clinical behaviour of root canal fillings, rather than simply ranking different materials or techniques.
Investigating Preschoolers’ Perception of Artists: Drawing an Artist
Authors: Çetin Zeynep , Yıldız Taşdemir Cansu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to examine preschoolers’ perceptions of the concept of artist. The participants are 10 preschoolers aged 5–6. This study is a phenomenological qualitative research study. First, a short conversation was held with the children about the concept of artist. Then, the children were asked to draw an artist and explain their drawings. Descriptive analysis was used to analyse and interpret children’s pictures and responses. The study revealed that the children mostly drew artists in the field of painting. It was also found that most of the children had a tendency to draw artists representing their own gender, and they mostly drew paints and palettes to depict the materials used by artists. It is recommended to introduce less‐known / well‐known artists, who are interested in art branches other than painting, from local and foreign cultures, considering the age and developmental characteristics of children, within the scope of art activities held in preschool education institutions. In order for children to understand that there are many other branches of art besides painting and that there are many different artists beside painters, teachers may plan different activities such as three‐dimensional modelling, photography and graphics within the scope of preschool art activities.
How do auditors respond to client firms’ technological peer pressure? Evidence from going‐concern opinions
Authors: Xu Xiaolu , Yang Leo L. , Zhang Joseph H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe examine whether auditors consider financially distressed clients’ technological peer pressure (TPP) in their going‐concern assessments. While auditing standards highlight the importance of understanding the competitive environment in risk assessments and going‐concern assessments, it is not clear whether and to what extent auditors assess different dimensions of industry competition in evaluating firms’ ability to continue as a going concern. We show that a client firm's TPP in the prior year increases the likelihood that it is issued a going‐concern opinion in the current year. This dimension of industry competition is more relevant in auditor evaluations than product market threats and supply chain competition. Further, we find that the positive association is more pronounced when a client firm's auditor audits more industry peers and when a client's peer firms have greater innovative originality. Finally, we find evidence that greater TPP results in more conservative going‐concern reporting.
Telmisartan anti‐cancer activities mechanism through targeting N‐cadherin by mimicking ADH‐1 function
Authors: Khorsand Marjan , Khajeh Sahar , Eslami Mahboobeh , Nezafat Navid , Ghasemi Younes , Razban Vahid , Mostafavi‐Pour Zohreh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate if Telmisartan as a novel N‐cadherin antagonist, can overcome cell migration of cancer cells. We investigated the mechanism and influence of Docetaxel and Telmisartan (as an analogous to ADH‐1, which is a well‐known N‐cadherin antagonist) on cancer cells. The effect of ADH‐1 and Telmisartan on cell attachment in PC3, DU145, MDA‐MB‐468 cell lines using recombinant human N‐cadherin was studied. Cell viability assay was performed to examine the anti‐proliferative effects of Telmisartan, ADH‐1 and Docetaxel. Migration was examined via wound healing assay, and apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. The expression of AKT‐1 as a downstream gene of N‐cadherin signalling pathway was assayed by real‐time PCR. Treatment of PC3, MDA‐MB‐468 and DU145 cells with Telmisartan (0.1 µM) and ADH‐1 (40 µM) resulted in 50%, 58% and approximately 20% reduction in cell attachment to N‐cadherin coated plate respectively. It shows reduction of cell attachment in PC3 and MDA‐MB‐468 cell lines appeared to be more sensitive than that of DU145 cells to the Telmisartan and ADH‐1 treatments. Telmisartan (0.1 µM) and Docetaxel (0.01 nM) significantly reduced cell migration in PC3 and MDA‐MB‐468 cell lines compared with the control group. Using Real‐time PCR, we found that Telmisartan, Docetaxel and ADH‐1 had significant influence on the AKT‐1 mRNA level. The results of the current study for the first time suggest that, Telmisartan, exerts anti‐proliferation and anti‐migration effects by targeting antagonistically N‐cadherin. Also, these data suggest that Telmisartan as a less expensive alternative to ADH‐1 could potentiate Docetaxel anticancer effects.
A new in vitro method to predict in vivo photoprotection of skin hyperpigmentation induced by visible light
Authors: Duteil L. , Cadars B. , Queille‐Roussel C. , Giraud I. , Drulhon F. , Graizeau C. , Guyoux A. , Passeron T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundUltraviolet radiation is the main cause of skin pigmentation, but more recently visible light has been shown to be an important contributor especially in melano‐competent subjects. Photoprotection from visible light can improve several hyperpigmentation disorders. Recently, a visible light photoprotection assessment method has been proposed based on in vivo pigmentation; the visible light photoprotection factor (VL‐PF) is determined by assessment of the change in colorimetry parameter ITA over several days measured using a chromameter. Although in vivo methods remain the most representative of real life, in vitro methods are more suited to screening sunscreen formulations.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between in vivo and in vitro methods in assessing protection against visible light induced pigmentation.MethodsWe first analysed the in vitro protective properties of the 10 commercially available sunscreens using transmission measurements in the visible spectrum. Then, we performed a monocentric, double‐blind, randomized controlled study with intra‐individual comparisons in 20 healthy subjects and measure the VL‐PF in vivo of those sunscreens. The correlation between the VL‐PF and the percentage of blocked light was evaluated using the coefficient of determination R2.ResultsA strong significant correlation was demonstrated between in vivo visible light protection factor and in vitro transmittance measurements, with the highest correlation factor at 420 nm and in the spectrum covering from 400 to 469 nm.ConclusionTransmittance measurements were found to be a good predictive tool to evaluate sunscreen visible light photoprotection efficacy and could be used to select formulations for final in vivo testing.
Needs of care partners of older Veterans with serious illness
Authors: Boucher Nathan A. , Shapiro Abigail , Van Houtven Courtney H. , Steinhauser Karen E. , Allen Kelli D. , Johnson Kimberly S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe quality of life of care partners and care recipients may be improved by programs that address unmet needs. The aim of this qualitative study was to identify care partners' social and practical needs as they care for Veterans (65 yo+) with serious illness.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews with Veterans with serious illness and care partners of Veterans with serious illness. Interview question domains examined through care partner and Veteran perspectives included: types of support/services currently used, still needed, and anticipated as well as barriers to obtaining those supports/services. Qualitative analyses used an inductive descriptive content approach.ResultsSeventeen care partners and 11 Veterans participated. Three main themes emerged from the data: (I) care partners' and Veterans' identified barriers to support (e.g., technology, rurality, awareness of services); (II) care partners' and Veterans' understanding of available supports and services (e.g., misunderstandings regarding VA role and services, heavy reliance on VA, identified sources of support); and (III) care partners' understanding of their caregiving roles (e.g., by tasks and self‐identification).ConclusionResults indicate that care partners experience barriers to supporting seriously ill Veterans including awareness, information, and access obstacles that can be addressed to improve access and utilization of available services and supports.