bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of the course training system of infectious disease specialist nurses’ core competence: a Delphi study
Authors: Wu Chao , Wu Ping , Cheng Feixia , Wu Jing , Du Lina , He Shizhe , Du Yanling , Jiang Donglei , Qu Huanmin , Lang Hongjuan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Aims
This study aimed to construct a set of course training system which was scientific, authentic and comprehensive to foster the infectious disease specialist nurses’ core competence.
Background
Nowadays, with the further spread of infectious diseases, it puts forward higher requirements for the improvement of the ability and quality of nurses, especially infectious disease specialist nurses. It is an urgent task to standardize and improve the core competence of infectious disease specialist nurses. There was no course training system of infectious disease specialist nurses’ core competence.
Design:
A two-round Delphi consultation survey were carried out to get feedback from experts on constructing the course training system of infectious disease specialist nurses’ core competence.
Methods
This study adopted a series of methods including group discussion, theoretical analysis and Delphi consultation to draft the course training system of infectious disease specialist nurses’ core competence. 21 Chinese experts from the fields of infectious disease health care, infectious disease nursing, and infectious disease nursing education were invited to participate in the Delphi consultation between November 2021 and December 2021.
Results
The experts were highly motivated in this study and they were regarded as leading authority on the subject. Besides, they reached a consensus on the results. The final course training system of infectious disease specialist nurses’ core competence focused on 5 competence modules and was composed of 12 course categories with 66 class contents and corresponding objectives.
Conclusions
The research methods were scientific and precise. The course system was comprehensive in content and reliable in result. It could be reference for course training of infectious disease specialist nurses.
Whole Structural Reconstruction and Quantification of Epidermal Innervation Through the Suction Blister Method and Skin-Clearing Technique
Authors: Kim Dai Hyun , Lee Se Jeong , Kim June Hoan , Park Sung Jin , Seo Soo Hong , Ahn Hyo Hyun , Sun Woong , Kim Byung-Jo , Rhyu Im Joo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3-D) analysis of intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENFs) is conducted to advance assessment methods for peripheral neuropathies and pruritic skin disorders. The skin-clearing technique was proven to be a reliable method for 3-D imaging of IENFs. Nonetheless, it still requires further improvement in the imaging process. The aim of this study was to standardize the 3-D evaluation method of IENFs and to suggest promising 3-D biomarkers for clinical application. A total of nine healthy individuals were prospectively enrolled. The newly adopted suction blister method was combined with the tissue-clearing technique. The detailed structure of the IENFs was reconstructed and quantified using the neuron tracing software. The suction blister method showed improved linear integrity of IENFs compared with those obtained from the previously used salt-split skin test. The 3-D parameters most significantly related to natural aging were the convex hull two-dimensional perimeter and the total length (both p =0.020). The meaningful correlations were followed by total volume (p =0.025), ends (p =0.026), convex hull 3-D surface, and complexity (both p =0.030). Thus, the 3-D parameters could be utilized as possible biomarkers to identify ambiguous pathologies of peripheral neuropathies and pruritic skin disorders.
Identification and characterization of GAP50 binders with the goal to identify novel antimalarials
Authors: Sahal Dinkar , Agrawal Prakhar , Kumari Surekha , Sharma Upendra 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Malaria continues to be a killer disease even in the modern world. Indeed, vaccines and drugs have a lot to learn from the malaria parasite before they can be successful. Here, using a filter for glideosomal anchor protein PfGAP50, we have explored a plethora of small molecules to shortlist eight GAP50 binders with promising antiplasmodial activity (IC50 < 3 µM) that are also highly selective. Of these, Hayatinine, Curine, MMV689758 (Bedaquiline), MMV1634402 (Brilacidin), and MMV688271 with PfINDO IC50 ≤ 1 µM were found to stall merozoite invasion by inhibiting IMC formation besides increasing oxidant levels in trophozoites. Bedaquiline pre-treated and washed healthy RBCs showed prophylactic ability to prevent intraerythrocytic development of malaria parasite. Synergistic activities with ΣFIC values as low as 0.22 (Curine and Artemisinin) or 0.37 (Bedaquiline and Artemisinin) augur well for the development of drug combinations to combat malaria effectively. Interestingly, orally delivered Bedaquiline (50 mg/Kg b. wt.) showed substantial suppression of parasitemia in a mouse model of malaria.
“They're Causing More Harm than Good.” A Qualitative Study Exploring Racism in Harm Reduction Through the Experiences of Racialized People Who use Drugs
Authors: Godkhindi Parnika , Nussey Lisa , O'Shea Tim 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Increased opioid-related morbidity and mortality in racialized communities has highlighted the intersectional nature of the drug policy crisis. Given the racist evolution of the war on drugs and the harm reduction (HR) movement, the aim of this study is to explore racism within harm reduction services through the perspectives of our participants. Methods: We conducted a qualitative descriptive study to explore the perspectives of racialized service users and providers on racism in the HR movement in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews that were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed thematically. Results: Five themes related to racism in HR were generated: (1) whiteness of harm reduction as a barrier to accessing services, (2) diversifying HR workers as a step toward overcoming distrust, (3) drop-in spaces specific to Black, Indigenous, and people of colour are facilitators to accessing harm reduction, (4) lack of representation in HR-related promotional and educational campaigns, and (5) HR as a frontier for policing. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that structural and institutional racism are prevalent in HR services within the GTHA, in the form of colour-blind policies and practices that fail to address the intersectional nature of the drug policy crisis. There is a need for HR organizations to critically reflect and act on their practices and policies, working with communites to become more equitable, inclusive, and accessible spaces for all people who use drugs.
Retention and Loss of PIT Tags and Implanted VHFs and Bio-Loggers in the Eurasian Beaver
Authors: Mayer Martin , Lian Marianne , Fuchs Boris , Robstad Christian A. , Evans Alina L. , Perrin Kathryn L. , Greunz Eva M. , Laske Timothy G. , Arnemo Jon M. , Rosell Frank 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background

Passive integrated transponder devices (PIT tags) are a valuable tool for individual identification of animals. Similarly, the surgical implantation of transmitters and bio-loggers can provide useful data on animal location, physiology and behavior. However, to avoid unnecessary recapture and related stress of study animals, PIT tags and bio-loggers should function reliably for long periods of time. Here, we evaluated the retention of PIT tags, and of very high frequency (VHF) transmitters and bio-loggers that were either implanted subcutaneously or into the peritoneal cavity of Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber).
Results

Over a 21-year period, we implanted PIT tags in 456 individuals and failed to detect a PIT tag in 30 cases, consisting of 26 individuals (6% of individuals). In all instances, we were still able to identify the individual due to the presence of unique ear tag numbers and tail scars. Moreover, we implanted 6 VHFs, 36 body temperature loggers and 21 heart rate loggers in 28 individuals, and experienced frequent loss of temperature loggers (at least 6 of 23 recaptured beavers) and heart rate loggers (10 of 18 recaptured beavers). No VHFs were lost in 2 recaptured beavers.
Conclusions

Possible causes for PIT tag loss (or non-detection) were incorrect implantation, migration of the tag within the body, a foreign body reaction leading to ejection, or malfunctioning of the tag. We speculate that logger loss was related to a foreign body reaction, and that loggers were either rejected through the incision wound or, in the case of temperature loggers, possibly adhered and encapsulated to intestines, and then engulfed by the gastro-intestinal tract and ejected. We discuss animal welfare implications and give recommendations for future studies implanting bio-loggers into wildlife.
Population Perceived Eye Strain Due to Digital Devices Usage During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Almalki Ashwaq M , Alblowi Mohammed , Aldosari Ayat M , Khandekar Rajiv , Al-Swailem Samar A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To assess the magnitude severity and determinants of eyestrain and the use of digital devices in a Saudi population during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Methods: This web-based survey was conducted in September 2020 and enrolled only Saudi nationals 15 years or older. Data were collected on demographics, eye strain related symptoms, severity, and the use of optical aids during the COVID-19 lockdown. The frequency and severity of eye strain were calculated. A Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) score was graded as none/ mild moderate and severe, based on the sum of 15-eye strain related signs and symptoms. Correlation analysis was performed for determinants of CVS.Results: The study sample was comprised of 2,009 individuals with median age of 20 years. Among those who used digital devices for more than 6 hours daily, the main reasons for use were, work and social purposes among 68.4%, and 61% of respondents respectively. The prevalence of knowledge on CVS and the ‘20-20 rule for using digital devices’ was 9.4% and 6.9 respectively. The most common symptoms of eye strain from digital device usage were, headache, burning, itching, tearing, and redness of eyes. Six hours of daily usage of digital devices was positively associated to the grade of eye strain severity during the COVID-19 lockdown (P<0.05)).Conclusion: The Saudi population experienced eye strain during COVID-19 lockdown due to excessive digital devices usage. Longer duration of digital device usage was associated to eye strain. Health care providers should educate the general population on measures to mitigate eye strain due to digital devices.
18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography-Guided Chest Radiotherapy Improves Survival in Patients with Extracranial Oligometastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Wang Tianlu , Liu Chengsen , Song Yingqiu , Wang Zheng , He Lei , Wang Chenyu , Wu Yu , Wang Ye , Zhang Xiaofang , Li Guang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background This retrospective study compared positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) and CT in the treatment of extracranial oligometastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and explored the impact of chest radiotherapy (CRT) on patient survival. Methods We reviewed the medical records of Chinese patients with stage IV extracranial oligometastatic NSCLC who underwent PET/CT or CT at two centers. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to control differences in patient characteristics between the maintenance chemotherapy alone and CRT plus maintenance chemotherapy groups. Results We analyzed 192 eligible patients. The median survival time was significantly longer in the CRT plus maintenance group than in the chemotherapy alone group (13 months vs. 8 months, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed no statistical difference in survival between both groups in patients who underwent CT examinations (n=98, 8 months vs. 5 months, p = 0.180). However, differences in survival between both groups were statistically significant in patients who underwent PET/CT examinations (n=94, 25 months vs. 11 months, p < 0.001). A multifactorial analysis revealed a more favorable prognosis in patients who underwent PET/CT evaluation (HR: 0.343, 95% CI: 0.250-0.471, p < 0.001) and CRT (HR: 0.624, 95% CI: 0.464-0.840, p = 0.002) than in those who did not. The conclusion obtained after PSM is consistent with the above mentioned results. Conclusions PET/CT-guided CRT is associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with stage IV extracranial oligometastatic NSCLC.
α-MoO3@SiO2 core-shell nanospheres: spatially confined synthesis and tribological properties
Authors: Wu Tong , Gao Yuan , Pan Zang , Zhao Shengliang , Wang Wei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is widely used in the field of lubrication due to its unique layered structure. But in a high temperature environment, MoS2 can be greatly deteriorated by severe oxidation, showing a higher friction coefficient and a shorter service life. The modified Stöber method was used to coat SiO2 on the surface of MoS2, so that MoS2 was converted into layered α-MoO3 in a confined space at high temperature. The morphology, size and composition of the prepared α-MoO3@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles were investigated using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The tribological properties of the prepared nanoparticles were investigated by ball-disk friction experiments. The results show that the prepared nanoparticles have uniform particle size, high shell coverage and excellent anti-wear properties. Based on the analysis of the wear scars and the existing elements on the friction surface, the lubrication mechanism of the core-shell structure in the friction experiment was discussed.
Comparison of the Microvascular Anastomosis Maturation in Continuous and Interrupted Suture Technique.
Authors: Dostal Jiri , Klein Pavel , Blassova Tereza , Priban Vladimir 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND
Use of interrupted sutures in microvascular anastomosis is widely accepted standard technique. Usage of continuous running suture (CRS) is less common due to the presumption that its mechanical firmness can negatively affect anastomosis maturation, but shorter surgical time can be an important factor in the prevention of tissue ischemia. Purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of CRS allows microvascular anastomosis maturation.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A rat common carotid artery (CCA) end-to-end microanastomosis model was used, with 19 Long-Evans rats in the interrupted suture group and 13 Long-Evans rats in the CRS group. An immediate blood flow of the operated and the contralateral intact CCA was compared to each other at the time of the anastomosis completion and after 14 days. Quantitative transit time flowmetry measurement and histological examination were used.
RESULTS
Initial blood flow in both intact CCAs was equal in all animals (p =.004). In the interrupted suture group, the median anastomosis blood flow was 88.9% of the contralateral CCA, median time needed for the suture was 46 minutes. The blood flow after two weeks increased to 96.1%. In the CRS group, the median anastomosis blood flow was 88.3% of the contralateral CCA, median time needed for the suture was 30 minutes. The blood flow after two weeks increased to 100.0%. Achieved suture time reduction was 34.8% (p <.001). Histological examination showed a mature scar.
CONCLUSIONS
In our study, CRS and interrupted suture microanastomosis maturation rate was comparable. Use of CRS allowed a significant surgical time reduction.
Noise Resilient Leaky Integrate-and-fire Neuron Based on Multi-domain Spintronic Devices
Authors: Wang Cheng , Lee Chankyu , Roy Kaushik 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The capability of emulating neural functionalities efficiently in hardware is crucial for building neuromorphic computing systems. While various types of neuro-mimetic devices have been investigated, it remains challenging to provide a compact device that can emulate spiking neurons. In this work, we propose a non-volatile spin-based device for efficiently emulating a leaky integrate-and-fire neuron. By incorporating an exchange-coupled composite free layer in spin-orbit torque magnetic tunnel junctions, multi-domain magnetization switching dynamics is exploited to realize gradual accumulation of membrane potential for a leaky integrate-and-fire neuron with compact footprints. The proposed device offers significantly improved scalability compared with previously proposed spin-based neuro-mimetic implementations while exhibiting high energy efficiency and good controllability. Moreover, the proposed neuron device exhibits a varying leak constant and a varying membrane resistance that are both dependent on the magnitude of the membrane potential. Interestingly, we demonstrate that such device-inspired dynamic behaviors can be incorporated to construct more robust spiking neural network models, and find improved resiliency against various types of noise injection scenarios. The proposed spintronic neuro-mimetic devices may potentially open up exciting opportunities for the development of efficient and robust neuro-inspired computational hardware.
InspirE5: A Participatory, Internationally Informed Framework for Health Humanities Curricula in Health Professions Education
Authors: Carr Sandra E. , Harris Anna , Scott Karen , Ani-Amponsah Mary , Phillips Brid , Hooker Claire , Noya Farah , Mavaddat Nahal , Vuillermin Daniel M. , Reid Steve , Brett-MacLean Pamela 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundIt is important for health professions educators to consider not just the potential benefits humanities education can contribute but the central learning outcomes health humanities education can achieve, how achievement of this learning can be meaningfully measured or assessed and the effectiveness of learning strategies evaluated. This research asked, what could an internationally informed curriculum and evaluation framework for the implementation of health humanities for health professions education look like?MethodsThe participatory action research (PAR) approach applied was based on three iterative phases 1. Perspective sharing and collaboration building. 2. Evidence gathering 3. Development of an internationally relevant curriculum and evaluation framework for health humanities. A series of online meetings, virtual workshops and follow up communications produced the curriculum framework documents.ResultsFollowing the perspective sharing and evidence gathering, the InspirE5 model of curriculum design and evaluation framework for health humanities in health professions education was developed through five principle foci: Environment: Learning and political environment surrounding the program. Expectations: Graduate capabilities that are clearly articulated for all, integrated into core curricula and relevant to graduate destinations and associated professional standards. Experience: Learning and teaching experience that supports learners’ achievement of the stated graduate capabilities. Evidence: Assessment of learning (formative and/or summative) with feedback for learners around the development of capabilities. Enhancement: Program evaluation of the students and teachers learning experiences and achievement. In all, 11 Graduate Capabilities for Health Humanities were suggested along with a summary of common core content as well as some guiding principles for assessment of learning.Discussion Our experience and recommendations for Health Humanities curricula and evaluation may be a catalyst for new design, research and teaching. Systematic approaches to assessment of learning are needed to support transformative, integrated health humanities teaching in health professions education, while remaining sensitive to and adaptive for local contexts. This curriculum and evaluation framework provides a foundation for our shared vision for person-centred collaborative action directed at humane healthcare of significant local, international and global health issues.
Muography for a dense tide monitoring network
Authors: Tanaka Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Sub-hourly to seasonal and interannual oceanographic phenomena can be better understood with high special resolution and high frequency tidal observations. However, while current tidal measurements can provide sufficiently high observational density in the time scale, the observational density in terms of space is low mainly due to the high expense of constructing tide gauge stations. In this work, we designed a novel tide monitoring technique with muography that could be operated in near-shore basements (or similar structures on land below sea level) and found that more practical, stable, robust and cost-effective high-spatiotemporal-density tide measurements are possible. Although the time resolution, sensitivity, and the distance between the detectors and the shorelines are tradeoffs, hourly and annual sensitivity (ability to detect the tide height variations) of less than 10 cm and 1 mm can be statistically attained, respectively. It is anticipated that the current muographic technique could be applied as an alternative, cost-effective and convenient dense tidal monitor network strategy in coastal areas worldwide.
Correlation Between Structure, Chromaticity, and Dielectric Properties of Calcium Copper Pyrophosphates, Ca2−xCuxP2O7
Authors: Baitahe Rattanai , Sron Chuchai , Thompho Somphob , Chaiseedad Kittichai , Boonchom Banjong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Discoveries of the correlation between the physical properties and structure of the materials are interesting in the field of the material science and chemical engineering. This work investigated the correlation between the structure, chromaticity, and dielectric properties of calcium copper pyrophosphates, Ca2−xCuxP2O7. The solid state thermal decomposition reaction was employed to synthesize the Ca2−xCuxP2O7 by varying the mole ratio between Ca and Cu. The structure and crystallography of the pyrophosphate compounds were identified and confirmed by using an X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The Rietveld refinement method and the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) least-squares fitting technique were also applied to refine the sample crystal structure. The bond angle and bond length of samples were also obtained from the refinement method. The X-ray absorption edge energies (E0) of the synthesized compounds were investigated and the obtained results confirmed the formation of the binary metal pyrophosphates (Ca2−xCuxP2O7). The image sensor result of the Cu2P2O7 sample (x = 2.00) illustrated a yellowish-green color, while other compounds (x = 0.50−1.50) presented color tones that changed from blue-green to bluish-green. The dielectric constant (εr) of the synthesized Ca2−xCuxP2O7 were calculated by using the Clausius-Mossotti relation, and the highest εr was observed for Ca2P2O7. The Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometers were employed to characterize and confirm the vibrational characteristics of the P2O74− group. The experimental results demonstrated that the changing in the crystal structure of Ca2−xCuxP2O7 (i.e., bond angle of P−O−P in P2O74− and distortion phenomena in M−O6 octahedral site) can cause the correlation between the dielectric and optical properties of the sample.