bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progressive damage behavior of composite L‐stiffened structures with initial delamination defects under uniaxial compression: Experimental and numerical investigations
Authors: Hu Chunxing , Bai Yujiao , Xu Zhonghai , Qiu Jiezheng , Wang Rongguo , He Xiaodong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractL‐shaped stiffened composite panels inevitably produce delamination defects during manufacturing and service, which seriously affect the load‐bearing performance of the structure. In the present work, a combination of experimental and numerical simulations was used to investigate the effect of initial delamination defects with three different shapes (lossless, elliptical, and circular) in the skin on the axial compression properties of carbon fiber L‐shaped stiffened composite panels. Furthermore, to predict the damage initiation and evolution process of carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) L‐stiffened plates under compression loading, a progressive damage model (PDM) that combines the Hashin failure criterion and the cohesive zone model (CZM) is proposed. Also, a user‐defined field variable (USDFLD) subroutine based on the Hashin failure criteria is developed in Abaqus software to study the initiation and progression of intra‐laminar damages L‐stiffened panels. Damage initiation and evolution process of skin delamination defects are predicted based on CZM. Finally, the finite element simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental measurements, which confirms the reliability of the finite element models (FEMs).
Development and characterization of composites produced from recycled polyethylene terephthalate and waste marble dust
Authors: Lendvai László , Ronkay Ferenc , Wang Guangming , Zhang Sicong , Guo Shaofeng , Ahlawat Vishal , Singh Tej 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe current paper presents the results of a study on the processing and characterization of waste marble powder‐reinforced recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) composites. Samples with up to 20 wt% marble dust (MD) content were produced with twin‐screw extrusion followed by injection molding. Subsequently, the morphological and mechanical features and the wear resistance of the developed composites were studied. In terms of mechanical properties, the incorporation of MD steadily improved both the tensile and flexural modulus of rPET, while the strength values showed an optimum at 2.5–5.0 wt%, depending on the mode of loading. Above the optimal MD concentration, the strength values deteriorated, however, even at maximum (20 wt%) marble content they were still similar to that of neat rPET, which proves the potential of utilizing waste MD in this specific polymer as filler material. The surface hardness of the fabricated samples also gradually improved with higher marble content, yet it came at the cost of impact toughness. The analysis of wear performance revealed an increasing resistance against wear up to 5.0 wt% filler loading, above which the dust particles got easily peeled off from the matrix, decreasing its efficiency.
Cold atmospheric plasma for addressing the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Chen Zhitong , Bai Fan , Jonas Steven J. , Wirz Richard E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has greatly stressed the global community, exposing vulnerabilities in the supply chains for disinfection materials, personal protective equipment, and medical resources worldwide. Disinfection methods based on cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) technologies offer an intriguing solution to many of these challenges because they are easily deployable and do not require resource‐constrained consumables or reagents needed for conventional decontamination practices. CAP technologies have shown great promise for a wide range of medical applications from wound healing and cancer treatment to sterilization methods to mitigate airborne and fomite transfer of viruses. This review engages the broader community of scientists and engineers that wish to help the medical community with the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic by establishing methods to utilize broadly applicable CAP technologies.
A novel EPSPS Pro‐106‐His mutation confers the first case of glyphosate resistance in Digitaria sanguinalis
Authors: Yanniccari Marcos , Vázquez‐García José Guadalupe , Gigón Ramón , Palma‐Bautista Candelario , Vila‐Aiub Martin , De Prado Rafael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDDigitaria sanguinalis has been identified as a species at high risk of evolving herbicide resistance, but thus far, there are no records of resistance to glyphosate. This weed is one of the most common weeds of summer crops in extensive cropping areas in Argentina. It shows an extended period of seedling emergence with several overlapping cohorts during spring and summer, and is commonly controlled with glyphosate. However, a D. sanguinalis population was implicated as a putative glyphosate‐resistant biotype based on poor control at recommended glyphosate doses.RESULTSThe field‐collected D. sanguinalis population (Dgs R) from the Rolling Pampas has evolved glyphosate resistance. Differences in plant survival and shikimate levels after field‐recommended and higher glyphosate doses were evident between Dgs R and the known susceptible (Dgs S) population; the resistance index was 5.1. No evidence of differential glyphosate absorption, translocation, metabolism or basal EPSPS activity was found between Dgs S and Dgs R populations; however, a novel EPSPS Pro‐106‐His point substitution is probably the primary glyphosate resistance‐endowing mechanism. EPSPS in vitro enzymatic activity demonstrated that an 80‐fold higher concentration of glyphosate is required in Dgs R to achieve similar EPSPS activity inhibition to that in the Dgs S population.CONCLUSIONThis study reports the first global case of glyphosate resistance in D. sanguinalis. This unlikely yet novel transversion at the second position of the EPSPS 106 codon demonstrates the intensity of glyphosate pressure in selecting unexpected glyphosate resistance alleles if they retain EPSPS functionality. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Adaptive CUSUM chart with cautious parameter learning
Authors: Li Jun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe classic CUSUM chart assumes that the in‐control (IC) mean and variance are known. In practice, these parameters are usually estimated from an IC Phase I sample. Recently, Capizzi and Masarotto proposed a cautious parameter learning scheme to incorporate Phase II IC observations in the estimation of the IC mean and variance to reduce the variation of conditional average run lengths (ARLs). In this paper, we develop a new cautious parameter learning scheme that can distinguish IC observations from out‐of‐control (OC) observations in the Phase II sample more effectively than Capizzi and Masarotto's scheme. As a result, our cautious parameter learning scheme can provide better estimation of the IC mean and variance. Combining the new cautious parameter learning scheme with an adaptive CUSUM chart, our proposed monitoring procedure is easy to implement, and is shown to have less variability in conditional ARLs and better overall performance for detecting different mean shifts than existing methods.
Instructional Psychology and Teaching Reading: An analysis of the evidence underpinning government policy and practice
Authors: Solity Jonathan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere have been few areas in England over the last 50 years where government has drawn more heavily on research to inform policy and practice than in the area of teaching reading. The focus of this article is an analysis of the research and evidence on early reading, in particular the role of phonics, on which government policy in England and the practice it promotes, are based. The article has three parts. The first examines the major policy initiatives in teaching reading from the Plowden Report in 1967 to the present day and provides an overview of their implications for practice. It highlights the tensions between opposing sides in the ‘reading wars’ between those prioritising phonics first, fast and only, versus those promoting a whole language approach to teaching reading. The second examines the evidence on which the government has drawn and the way in which teaching reading has become increasingly politicised in England to promote specific practices, some of which, but not all, are underpinned by research. Part 3 introduces instructional psychology that provides an alternative perspective on teaching phonics, whole language and the reading wars. The approaches to teaching reading generated by instructional psychology will be summarised and research presented to demonstrate how, despite the rhetoric surrounding the positive impact of current government policy on teaching reading, it is potentially a major cause of reading difficulties. Part 3 ends by highlighting the implications of instructional psychology for future policy and practice.
Nanoampere‐Level Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Performance of Lithography‐Free Centimeter‐Scale MoS2 Monolayer Film Generators
Authors: Jung Ye Seul , Choi Hong Je , Park Sung Hyun , Kim Daeyeon , Park Seung‐Han , Cho Yong Soo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract2D transition‐metal dichalcogenides have been reported to possess piezoelectricity due to their lack of inversion symmetry; thus, they are potentially applicable as electromechanical energy harvesters. Herein, the authors propose a lithography‐free piezoelectric energy harvester composed of centimeter‐scale MoS2 monolayer films with an interdigitated electrode pattern that is enabled only by the large scale of the film. High‐quality large‐scale synthesis of the monolayer films is conducted by low‐pressure chemical vapor deposition with the assistance of an unprecedented Na2S promoter. The extra sulfur supplied by Na2S critically passivates the sulfur vacancies. The energy harvester having a large active area of ≈18.3 mm2 demonstrates an unexpectedly high piezoelectric energy harvesting performance of ≈400.4 mV and ≈40.7 nA under a bending strain of 0.57%, with the careful adjustment of side electrodes along the zigzag atomic arrays in the two dominant domain structure. Nanoampere‐level harvesting has not yet been reported with any 2D material‐based harvester.
Building 2D/2D CdS/MOLs Heterojunctions for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Yang Wei , Xu Meng , Tao Ke‐Ying , Zhang Ji‐Hong , Zhong Di‐Chang , Lu Tong‐Bu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract2D lamellar materials can offer high surface area and abundant reactive sites, thus showing an appealing prospect in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. However, it is still difficult to build cost‐efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution systems based on 2D materials. Herein, an in situ growth method is employed to build 2D/2D heterojunctions, with which 2D Ni‐based metal–organic layers (Ni‐MOLs) are closely grown on 2D porous CdS (P‐CdS) nanosheets, affording traditional P‐CdS/Ni‐MOL heterojunction materials. Impressively, the optimized P‐CdS/Ni‐MOL catalyst exhibits superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance, with an H2 yield of 29.81 mmol g−1 h−1. This value is 7 and 2981 times higher than that of P‐CdS and Ni‐MOLs, respectively, and comparable to those of reported state of the art catalysts. Photocatalytic mechanism studies reveal that the enhanced photocatalytic performance can be attributed to the 2D/2D intimate interface between P‐CdS and Ni‐MOLs, which facilitates the fast charge carriers’ separation and transfer. This work provides a strategy to develop 2D MOL‐based photocatalysts for sustainable energy conversion.
“I was right there”: Explicating the relationship between trauma, history, and the body
Authors: Okello Wilson Kwamogi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIf trauma is always “right there” for Black people, educators and practitioners must wrestle with the compounding nature of history, the body, and trauma that manifests in students’ nuanced and analogous experiences. In the wake of increasing access to public acts of terror and violence, this article explicates the trauma‐body‐history relationship in relation to anti‐Blackness and offers some implications in the service of Black student's healing and survival.
Assisting and Mediating Interaction during Synchronous Online Language Lessons: Teachers' Professional Practices
Authors: Moorhouse Benjamin Luke , Walsh Steve , Li Yanna , Wong Lillian L. C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSynchronous online language lessons (SOLLs) are distinctly different from in‐person lessons. Although digital tools, specifically, videoconferencing software, make doing SOLLs possible, these tools have specific affordances and constraints pertaining to how we engage, interact, and relate – creating new literacy practices. This study reports on a project which explored how five Hong Kong university English language teachers engaged in teaching SOLLs over a 13‐week semester. The aim of the project was to understand and conceptualize the professional practices of synchronous online language teachers; specifically, our goal was to explore the relationship between identified practices and the competences needed to use digital tools during SOLLs to facilitate classroom interaction and therefore create appropriate conditions for language learning. The study expands our understanding of the professional practices teachers are engaged in when doing SOLLs. Furthermore, our data exemplify the context‐specific teaching strategies and related competences needed to assist and mediate interaction in SOLLs. We propose that by improving synchronous online language teachers' interactional competence, they will be well‐placed to help language learners achieve their learning goals. The findings have implications for the preparation and professional learning of online English language teachers.
Ultrasound process‐enhanced removal of the toxic disinfection by‐product bromate from water by aluminum: A comparative study
Authors: Chen Hsing‐Hua , Park Young‐Kwon , Kwon Eilhann , Thanh Bui Xuan , Tuan Duong Dinh , Lisak Grzegorz , Khiem Ta Cong , Huang Chih‐Feng , Lin Kun‐Yi Andrew 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs bromate removal and reduction can be also achieved using metals, aluminum (Al) appears as the most promising one for reduction of bromate because Al is abundant element and exhibits a high reduction power. Reactions between bromate and Al shall be even enhanced through ultrasound (US) process because US can facilitate mass transfer on liquid/solid interfaces and clean surfaces via generating microscale turbulence to facilitate reactions. Therefore, the aim of this study is for the first time to investigate the effect of US on bromate removal by Al metal. Specifically, Al particle would be treated by HCl to afford HCl‐treated Al (HCTAL), which is capable of removing bromate and even reducing it to bromide. Such a mechanism is also validated by density function theory calculation through determining adsorption energy as −152.8 kJ/mole, and oxygen atoms of bromate would be extracted and reacted with Al atoms, releasing bromide ion. US not only facilitated bromate removal by further increasing removal capacity under the acidic condition but also suppressed the inhibitive effect from basicity at relatively high pH. The spent HCTAL could still remove bromate and convert it to bromide after regeneration. These features indicate that US considerably enhances bromate removal by Al.Practitioner points

Bromate removed by Al is elucidated by DFT calculation with Eabsorption = −152.8 kJ/mole.
Oxygen atoms of bromate are extracted and reacted with Al atoms, releasing bromide ion.
A higher power of ultrasound would substantially enhance bromate removal efficiency.
Ultrasound also suppresses the inhibitive effect from basicity at relatively high pH.
With ultrasound, the interference of co‐existing anions on bromate removal is lessened.
The relationship between state Medicaid and CHIP options and child health outcomes
Authors: Reinbold Gary W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMedicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) both combine federal mandates to cover certain services and groups with state options in providing that coverage and in covering other services and groups. Using state‐level panel data, we investigated the relationships of 83 state Medicaid and CHIP options with six child health outcomes from 2001 to 2018 using structural equation modeling, controlling for 10 possible demographic and economic variables, state fixed effects, and a quadratic year count variable. Our results suggest that reducing copayments and providing express eligibility may be especially important in improving child health outcomes; eliminating or reducing waiting periods, eliminating face‐to‐face interview requirements, and eliminating documentation requirements may also be helpful. Other state options that have been found to be important in improving child insurance outcomes, such as eliminating asset tests and providing continuous eligibility, were not as helpful for improving child health outcomes in our results.
Remotely triggered door and real‐time monitoring for bear cage traps
Authors: Seward August T. , Facchini Jesse , Reynolds‐Hogland Melissa J. , Vieira Mark , Ramsey Alan B. , Franczyk Nicholas , Muench Carly , Mchugh Daniel , Ramsey Philip W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe modified the bear cage trap with a low‐cost remotely triggered trap door and fitted the trap with a motion activated camera that relayed bear captures to researchers in real time. We built 4 modified bear cage traps and used them to capture free‐ranging American black bears (Ursus americanus) during summer 2020 on MPG Ranch in western Montana, USA. Lacking data on bear confinement time in traps from previous studies, we compared the amount of time that bears were confined in our modified traps with estimated confinement time had the same bears in our study been captured in traditional traps that were physically checked once daily at 0900, once daily at 1200, or twice daily at 0900 and 1600. We captured bears 30 times during 195 trap nights. The camera system relayed photos of all captures in real time and the remotely triggered door release was 100% successful. When we evaluated all bear captures and recaptures (n = 30), mean bear confinement time in our modified traps (4.92 hrs) was significantly lower than estimated mean confinement time had the same bears been captured in traditional traps that were checked once daily at 0900 (14.95 hrs), once daily at 1200 (10.73 hrs), or twice daily at 0900 and 1600 (7.01 hrs). For bears that were recaptured during regular trap monitoring hours (0700–1800) and remotely released without immobilization (n = 12), mean confinement time in our modified traps was <1 hr. By remotely monitoring traps, we saved an estimated US $6,580 or $13,624 in gas and staff hours during 3 months of trapping, had we physically checked traps once or twice daily, respectively. Our modified traps minimized animal confinement time, eliminated unnecessary animal immobilizations, and helped us maximize time and resource efficiencies. Our findings are relevant to bear research and management, and the technology we used can be adapted for trapping other wildlife species.
The Natural History of Caterpillar-Ant Associations
Authors: Pierce Naomi E. , Dankowicz Even 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe caterpillars of many Lepidoptera are neither attacked nor tended by ants but nevertheless appear to be obligately ant-associated and benefit from the enemy-free space created by ants. Obligate myrmecophiles that do not attract ants through stridulatory or chemical signaling are limited to habitats where ants are reliably present for other reasons, either among ant-attended hemipterans, on ant-plants, or around ant nests. Particularly in the tropics, obligate ant associates that passively coexist with ants are more diverse than previously recognized, including, for example, hundreds of African species in the lycaenid subfamily Poritiinae. Mutualists and parasites of ants have been reported in eleven families: Tineidae, Tortricidae, Cyclotornidae, Coleophoridae, Crambidae, Erebidae, Notodontidae, Hesperiidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, and Riodinidae. Altogether, myrmecophily has originated at least 30 times in Lepidoptera, and many groups may remain undiscovered. The butterfly families Lycaenidae and Riodinidae contain the vast majority of ant-associated species: larvae of at least 3841 (71%) of the ~5390 described Lycaenidae and 308 (20%) of the ~1562 described Riodinidae are known or inferred to be ant-associated, and both families possess specialized, convergently developed exocrine glands and stridulatory devices to communicate with ants. Many caterpillar-ant relationships previously characterized as mutualisms may actually be parasitic, as caterpillars can manipulate ants and ultimately exert a fitness cost. In the family Lycaenidae, highly specialized and obligate ant associations are found largely in the Old World tropics, Australia, and Southern Africa, where the stoichiometry of soil micronutrients, particularly sodium and phosphorus, climate, host plants, and geography may all selectively shape caterpillar-ant associations.
EnKF with the Lorenz Equations
Authors: Evensen Geir , Vossepoel Femke C. , van Leeuwen Peter Jan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe chaotic Lorenz’63 model is a much-used testbed used to examine the capabilities of data-assimilation methods to handle nonlinear, unstable, and chaotic dynamics. This chapter will repeat some experiments that demonstrate the strengths of ensemble methods for highly nonlinear dynamics.
Fully Nonlinear Data Assimilation
Authors: Evensen Geir , Vossepoel Femke C. , van Leeuwen Peter Jan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter provides an introduction to methods that, in theory, samples precisely the posterior pdf. Commonly-used ensemble data-assimilation methods, like the EnKF and EnRML, only sample the posterior pdf correctly in the Gauss-linear case and typically fail in cases with strong nonlinearity.