bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study protocol for assessing knowledge, attitudes and belief towards HPV vaccination of parents with children aged 9–14 years in rural communities of North West Cameroon: a qualitative study
Authors: Elit Lorraine , Ngalla Calvin , Afugchwi Glen Mbah , Tum Eric , Fokom-Domgue Joël , Nouvet Elysée 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionDespite human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine being incorporated in the National Immunisation Programme in Cameroon in 2019, HPV vaccine uptake among eligible girls has been poor (5%). The barriers to HPV vaccination in this high-burden setting have not been previously studied, especially in rural areas. We propose to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of parents of girls aged 9–14 years regarding HPV vaccine.Methods and analysisStudy design: a qualitative descriptive study will be conducted using one-on-one semi-structured interviews with parents of girls aged 9–14 years from 3 health districts in Cameroon (Mbingo, Njinikom and Fundong) who can converse in English or Pidgin English. Enrolment will occur until thematic saturation—approximately 40 participants. Analysis: quantitative methods will be used to describe the interviewees. All interviews will be audio recorded, transcribed and loaded into a tool to facilitate analysis (ATLAS.ti). Transcripts will be coded and thematic analysis will be conducted. Analysis will occur concurrent with interviews.Ethics and disseminationEthics: institutional review board approval will be obtained from the Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Board (CBCHB), Cameroon and McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. Dissemination: study findings will be presented via a report and webinar to the Ministry of Health, the funders, the CBCHB and in person to healthcare providers and interested members of the general population in the study region. Plans are to share findings internationally through peer-reviewed publication(s) and presentation(s).Trial registration numberNCT05325138.
Folic acid and methotrexate use and their association with COVID-19 diagnosis and mortality: a case–control analysis from the UK Biobank
Authors: Topless Ruth , Green Ralph , Morgan Sarah L , Robinson Philip , Merriman Tony , Gaffo Angelo L 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo determine if methotrexate or folic acid prescription was associated with differential risk for COVID-19 diagnosis or mortality.DesignCase–control analysis.SettingThe population-based UK Biobank (UKBB) cohort.ParticipantsData from 380 380 UKBB participants with general practice prescription data for 2019–2021. Updated medical information was retrieved on 13 December 2021.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe outcomes of COVID-19 diagnosis and COVID-19-related mortality were analysed by multivariable logistic regression. Exposures evaluated were prescription of folic acid and/or methotrexate. Criteria for COVID-19 diagnosis were (1) a positive SARS-CoV-2 test or (2) ICD-10 code for confirmed COVID-19 (U07.1) or probable COVID-19 (U07.2) in hospital records, or death records. By these criteria, 26 003 individuals were identified with COVID-19 of whom 820 were known to have died from COVID-19. Logistic regression statistical models were adjusted for age sex, ethnicity, Townsend deprivation index, body mass index, smoking status, presence of rheumatoid arthritis, sickle cell disease, use of anticonvulsants, statins and iron supplements.ResultsCompared with people prescribed neither folic acid nor methotrexate, people prescribed folic acid supplementation had increased risk of diagnosis of COVID-19 (OR 1.51 (1.42–1.61)). The prescription of methotrexate with or without folic acid was not associated with COVID-19 diagnosis (p≥0.18). People prescribed folic acid supplementation had positive association with death after a diagnosis of COVID-19 (OR 2.64 (2.15–3.24)) in a fully adjusted model. The prescription of methotrexate in combination with folic acid was not associated with an increased risk for COVID-19-related death (1.07 (0.57–1.98)).ConclusionsWe report an association of increased risk for COVID-19 diagnosis and COVID-19-related death in people prescribed folic acid supplementation. Our results also suggest that methotrexate might attenuate these associations.
Impact of the macro-environment on the reporting of occupational injuries and illnesses by low-income workers compared to middle-income workers in South Africa: a mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Mudenha Wellington Farai , Naicker Nisha , Singh Tanusha 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionConstruction workers, mineworkers and manufacturing employees in South Africa must report occupational injuries and illnesses to their employer as stipulated in section 14 of the Occupational Health and Safety Act and section 22 of the Mine Health and Safety Act. However, under-reporting of workplace injuries and illnesses is common globally.This protocol seeks to ascertain if macro-environment factors impact reporting of workplace injuries and illnesses and compare reporting between low-income and middle-income workers.Methods and analysisTo achieve the objectives of the study, a sequential mixed-methods research design will be adopted. A questionnaire will be distributed among low-income and middle-income workers from nine companies in Gauteng from the construction, mining and manufacturing sectors to establish macro-environment factors that impact their reporting. In addition, a data extraction sheet will be submitted to compensation fund administrators who receive and process workers’ compensation claims to determine reporting patterns by low-income and middle-income workers. In-depth interviews will be conducted with occupational health and safety subject matter experts in South Africa to ascertain their opinion regarding factors that impact reporting. Data will be analysed using SPSS V.27.Ethics and disseminationPrior to the commencement of the study, ethical approval and permission will be obtained from the University of Johannesburg Faculty of Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee. The researcher intends to publish the results of the study in peer-reviewed journals and present research papers at scientific conferences and provide feedback to employers and employees across all three industries. The study shall determine associations in reporting between the manufacturing, mining and construction sectors and establish interventions employers can implement for workers to report injuries and illnesses.
Pessary or progesterone to prevent preterm birth in women with short cervical length: protocol of the 4–6 year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial (Quadruple-P)
Authors: van Limburg Stirum Emilie V J , van der Windt Larissa I , van Dijk Charlotte E , van Baar Anneloes L , Leemhuis Aleid G , van Wely Madelon , de Boer Marjon A , van 't Hooft Janneke , Oudijk Martijn A , Pajkrt Eva 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionVaginal progesterone and a cervical pessary are both interventions that are investigated for the prevention of preterm birth (PTB). Thus far, beneficial or harmful effects of these interventions on long-term child health and development are described, but evidence is not robust enough to draw firm conclusions. With this follow-up study, we intent to investigate if progesterone or a pessary is superior for the prevention of PTB considering the child’s health at 4–6 years of corrected age.Methods and analysisThis study is a follow-up study of the Quadruple-P trial; a multicentre, randomised clinical trial (NL42926.018.13, Eudractnumber 2013-002884-24) which randomises women with an asymptomatic midtrimester short cervix to daily progesterone or a pessary for the prevention of PTB. All children born to mothers who participated in the Quadruple-P study (n=628 singletons and n=332 multiples) will be eligible for follow-up at 4–6 years of corrected age. Children will be assessed using parental questionnaires. Main outcomes are child (neuro)development and behaviour. Other outcomes include child mortality, growth and general health. A composite of adverse child outcomes will be compared between the progesterone and pessary groups reporting OR and the corresponding 95% CI. Analyses will be performed separately for singletons and multiples and using the intention-to-treat approach.Ethics and disseminationThe Medical Research Ethics Committee from Amsterdam UMC confirmed that de Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act (WMO) did not apply to our study (W20_481 #20.531). Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and shared with stakeholders and participants. This protocol is published before analysis of the results.Trial registration numberDutch Trial Register (NL9646).
Comment on: “Aharonov–Bohm effect for bound states in relativistic scalar particle systems in a spacetime with spacelike dislocation”
Authors: Fernández Francisco M. 
Published: August 2022

Here, we argue that the results shown in [L. L. Vitória and K. Bakke, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 27 (2018) 1850005] are not correct. The truncation of the Frobenius method only yields some particular bound states from which one cannot derive any sound physical conclusion. The existence of allowed model parameters is an artifact of such procedure. Besides, the authors failed to obtain most of the solutions given by the truncation of the Frobenius series as well as their connection with the actual eigenvalues of the problem.
Proteogenomic Markers of Chemotherapy Resistance and Response in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Anurag Meenakshi , Jaehnig Eric J. , Krug Karsten , Lei Jonathan T. , Bergstrom Erik J. , Kim Beom-Jun , Vashist Tanmayi D. , Huynh Anh Minh Tran , Dou Yongchao , Gou Xuxu , Huang Chen , Shi Zhiao , Wen Bo , Korchina Viktoriya , Gibbs Richard A. , Muzny Donna M. , Doddapaneni Harshavardhan , Dobrolecki Lacey E. , Rodriguez Henry , Robles Ana I. , Hiltke Tara , Lewis Michael T. , Nangia Julie R. , Nemati Shafaee Maryam , Li Shunqiang , Hagemann Ian S. , Hoog Jeremy , Lim Bora , Osborne C. Kent , Mani D.R. , Gillette Michael A. , Zhang Bing , Echeverria Gloria V. , Miles George , Rimawi Mothaffar F. , Carr Steven A. , Ademuyiwa Foluso O. , Satpathy Shankha , Ellis Matthew J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Microscaled proteogenomics was deployed to probe the molecular basis for differential response to neoadjuvant carboplatin and docetaxel combination chemotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Proteomic analyses of pretreatment patient biopsies uniquely revealed metabolic pathways, including oxidative phosphorylation, adipogenesis, and fatty acid metabolism, that were associated with resistance. Both proteomics and transcriptomics revealed that sensitivity was marked by elevation of DNA repair, E2F targets, G2–M checkpoint, interferon-gamma signaling, and immune-checkpoint components. Proteogenomic analyses of somatic copy-number aberrations identified a resistance-associated 19q13.31–33 deletion where LIG1, POLD1, and XRCC1 are located. In orthogonal datasets, LIG1 (DNA ligase I) gene deletion and/or low mRNA expression levels were associated with lack of pathologic complete response, higher chromosomal instability index (CIN), and poor prognosis in TNBC, as well as carboplatin-selective resistance in TNBC preclinical models. Hemizygous loss of LIG1 was also associated with higher CIN and poor prognosis in other cancer types, demonstrating broader clinical implications.

Significance:
Proteogenomic analysis of triple-negative breast tumors revealed a complex landscape of chemotherapy response associations, including a 19q13.31–33 somatic deletion encoding genes serving lagging-strand DNA synthesis (LIG1, POLD1, and XRCC1), that correlate with lack of pathologic response, carboplatin-selective resistance, and, in pan-cancer studies, poor prognosis and CIN.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2483
Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: The ARIC Study
Authors: John Jenine E. , Claggett Brian , Skali Hicham , Solomon Scott D. , Cunningham Jonathan W. , Matsushita Kunihiro , Konety Suma H. , Kitzman Dalane W. , Mosley Thomas H. , Clark Donald , Chang Patricia P. , Shah Amil M. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Whether coronary artery disease (CAD) is a significant risk factor for heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is unclear.

Methods and Results

Among 9902 participants in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study, we assessed the association of incident CAD with subsequent incident HFpEF (left ventricular ejection fraction [≥50%]) and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF; left ventricular ejection fraction <50%) using survival models with time‐updated variables. We also assessed the extent to which echocardiographic correlates of prevalent CAD account for the relationship between CAD and incident HFpEF. Over 13‐year follow‐up, incident CAD developed in 892 participants and 178 subsequently developed HF (86 HFrEF, 71 HFpEF). Incident HFrEF and HFpEF risk were both greatest early after the CAD event. At >1 year post‐CAD event, adjusted incidence of HFrEF and HFpEF were similar (7.2 [95% CI, 5.2–10.0] and 6.7 [4.8–9.2] per 1000 person‐years, respectively) and CAD remained predictive of both (HFrEF: hazard ratio, 2.76 [95% CI, 1.99–3.84]; HFpEF: 1.85 [1.35–2.54]) after adjusting for demographics and common comorbidities. Among 4779 HF‐free participants at Visit 5 (2011–2013), the 490 with prevalent CAD had lower left ventricular ejection fraction and higher left ventricular mass index, E/e’, and left atrial volume index (all
P
<0.01). The association of prevalent CAD with incident HFpEF post‐Visit 5 was not significant after adjusting for echocardiographic measures, with the greatest attenuation observed for left ventricular diastolic function.

Conclusions
CAD is a significant risk factor for incident HFpEF after adjustment for demographics and common comorbidities. This relationship is partially accounted for by echocardiographic alterations, particularly left ventricular diastolic function.
Role of Renin‐Angiotensin‐Aldosterone System Inhibition in Patients Undergoing Carotid Revascularization
Authors: Elsayed Nadin , Unkart Jonathan , Abdelgawwad Mohammad , Naazie Isaac , Lawrence Peter F. , Malas Mahmoud B. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Previous data suggest that using renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASIs) improves survival in patients with cardiovascular diseases. We sought to investigate the association of different patterns of use of RAASIs on perioperative and 1‐year outcomes following carotid revascularization.

Methods and Results

We investigated patients undergoing carotid revascularization, either with carotid endarterectomy or transfemoral carotid artery stenting, in the VQI (Vascular Quality Initiative) VISION (Vascular Implant Surveillance and Interventional Outcomes Network) data set between 2003 and 2018. We divided our cohort into 3 groups: (1) no history of RAASI intake, (2) preoperative intake only, and (3) continuous pre‐ and postoperative intake. The final cohort included 73 174 patients; 44.4% had no intake, 50% had continuous intake, and 5.6% had only preoperative intake. Compared with continuous intake, preoperative and no intake were associated with higher odds of postoperative stroke (odds ratio [OR], 1.7 [95% CI, 1.5–1.9];
P
<0.001; OR, 1.1 [95% CI, 1.03–1.2];
P
=0.010); death (OR, 4.8 [95% CI, 3.8–6.1];
P
<0.001; OR, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.6–2.2];
P
<0.001); and stroke/death (OR, 2.05 [95% CI, 1.8–2.3];
P
<0.001; OR, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.1–1.3];
P
<0.001), respectively. At 1 year, preoperative and no intake were associated with higher odds of stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 1.4 [95% CI, 1.3–1.6];
P
<0.001; HR, 1.15, [95% CI, 1.08–1.2];
P
<0.001); death (HR, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.5–1.9];
P
<0.001; HR, 1.3 [95% CI, 1.2–1.4];
P
<0.001); and stroke/death (HR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.4–1.7];
P
<0.001; HR, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.17–1.3];
P
<0.001), respectively.

Conclusions
Compared with subjects discontinuing or never starting RAASIs, use of RAASIs before and after carotid revascularization was associated with a short‐term stroke and mortality benefit. Future clinical trials examining prescribing patterns of RAASIs should aim to clarify the timing and potential to maximize the protective effects of RAASIs in high‐risk vascular patients.
Impact of Low Baseline Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol on Long‐Term Postdischarge Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Cho Kyung Hoon , Kim Min Chul , Choo Eun Ho , Choi Ik Jun , Lee Su Nam , Park Mahn‐Won , Park Chul Soo , Kim Hee‐Yeol , Kim Chan Joon , Sim Doo Sun , Kim Ju Han , Hong Young Joon , Jeong Myung Ho , Chang Kiyuk , Ahn Youngkeun 
Published: August 2022

Background
Real‐world data on low baseline low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels and long‐term postdischarge cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome are limited.

Methods and Results

Of the 10 719 patients enrolled in the Korean registry of acute myocardial infarction between January 2004 and August 2014, we identified 5532 patients who were event free from death, recurrent myocardial infarction, or stroke during the in‐hospital period after successful percutaneous coronary intervention. The co–primary outcomes were 3‐point major adverse cardiovascular events (a composite of nonfatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death) and cardiovascular death at 5 years. Of 5532 patients with acute myocardial infarction (mean age, 62.1±12.8 years; 75.0% men), 446 cardiovascular deaths (8.1%) and 695 three‐point major adverse cardiovascular events (12.6%) occurred at 5 years. In the continuous analysis of LDL‐C, the risk of cardiovascular events increased steeply as LDL‐C levels decreased from 100 mg/dL. For categorical analysis of LDL‐C (<70, 70–99, and ≥100 mg/dL), as LDL‐C levels decreased, clinical outcomes worsened (237/3759 [6.3%] in LDL‐C ≥100 mg/dL versus 123/1291 [9.5%] in LDL‐C 70–99 mg/dL versus 86/482 [17.8%] in LDL‐C <70 mg/dL for cardiovascular death;
P
‐trend<0.001; and 417/3759 [11.1%] in LDL‐C ≥100 mg/dL versus 172/1291 [13.3%] in LDL‐C 70–99 mg/dL versus 106/482 [22.2%] in LDL‐C <70 mg/dL for 3‐point major adverse cardiovascular event;
P
‐trend<0.001). In a Cox time‐to‐event multivariable model with LDL‐C levels ≥100 mg/dL as the reference, the baseline LDL‐C level <70 mg/dL was independently associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular death (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.30–2.17]) and 3‐point major adverse cardiovascular event (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.10–1.71]).

Conclusions
In this Korean acute myocardial infarction registry, the baseline LDL‐C level <70 mg/dL was significantly associated with an increased incidence of long‐term cardiovascular events after discharge. (COREA [Cardiovascular Risk and Identification of Potential High‐Risk Population]‐Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry; NCT02806102).

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/
; Unique identifier: NCT02806102.
Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Dementia
Authors: Saber Hamidreza , Hinman Jason , Mun Katherine , Kaneko Naoki , Szeder Viktor , Tateshima Satoshi , Nour May , Raychev Radoslav , Ooi Yinn Cher , Jahan Reza , Duckwiler Gary P. , Saver Jeffrey L. , Liebeskind David S. 
Published: August 2022

Background
To compare stroke severity, as well as usage and outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients with and without dementia.

Methods
Study of the US hospitalizations with AIS and documented National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores from October 1, 2016, to December 31, 2017. AIS hospitalizations with documented dementia were compared with AIS hospitalizations without dementia for stroke severity at onset, use of MT, and outcomes at discharge. Outcomes included favorable discharge disposition (home without assistance), in‐hospital mortality, and radiographic intracranial hemorrhage.

Results

Among 179 665 AIS admissions with recorded National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score during the 15‐month study period, 18 255 (10.2%) had preexisting dementia (62.5% women). The median age at stroke was 84 (interquartile range, 78–89) versus 69 (interquartile range, 59–79) years; and median presenting National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 7 (interquartile range, 3–15) versus 4 (interquartile range, 2–10) in hospitalizations with versus without dementia. There was a stepwise association between increasing severity of the index stroke and the prevalence of dementia. In multivariable analysis, dementia was associated with significantly lower (odds ratio [OR], 0.43 [95% CI, 0.35–0.53];
P
<0.001) odds of receiving MT, but not with the use of intravenous thrombolysis (OR, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.86–1.06];
P
=0.4). In‐hospital mortality occurred in 21.3% versus 11.2% following MT in hospitalizations with versus without dementia (
P
<0.001). However, after adjustment for stroke severity, no associations were found between dementia and in‐hospital mortality (OR, 1.48 [95% CI, 0.90–2.43];
P
=0.15) or favorable discharge outcome (OR, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.33–1.32];
P
=0.12) following MT. Dementia was associated with increased likelihood of intracranial hemorrhage after MT (OR, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.03–2.40];
P
=0.04).

Conclusion
One in 10 among all, and 1 in 4 among those aged ≥80 years had preexisting dementia at stroke onset. While patients with dementia were more likely to present with more severe deficits, MT was less frequently used in this population. Dementia was not independently associated with in‐hospital mortality beyond stroke severity at onset, but increased the risk of intracranial hemorrhage following MT.
Consequentialism – Deontology Theorising, Armed Humanitarian Intervention, and the 2012-2013 Central African Republic Crisis
Authors: Erameh Nicholas Idris , Ojakorotu Victor 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Despite the challenges that have greeted Responsibility to Protect (R2P) interventions in Africa, the need to authorise R2P remains compelling. Drawing from secondary sources, this study interrogates the R2P intervention in the Central African Republic (car) from within the frame of the ‘consequentialism’ and ‘deontology’ debate, contending issues, and the extent to which such interventions enhance or inhibit further institutionalisation of the doctrine. Though the existing peacekeeping mission – which was further amplified by the mobilisation of R2P via UN Security Council Resolution 2127 – reflects the deontological position of halting attacks against the civilian population, the emerging issues and relapse into deadly conflicts in the post-intervention era amplifies consequentialism’s main criticisms. The study concludes that the R2P experience in car highlights the value of both theoretical positions. However, it is imperative for the consequentialist position to strengthen its arguments for civilian protection by considering the moral argument of the deontologist. This is key to improving armed intervention through the phases of planning, implementation, and post-intervention for the purposes of achieving sustainable peace.
Venise et ses sujets grecs aux XVIe-XVIIe siècles : une relecture
Authors: Grenet Mathieu , Grivaud Gilles 
Published: August 2022

Résumé
Prenant à rebours l’historiographie traditionnelle, Cristina Setti livre une pensée complexe sur les relations entre Venise et les communautés insulaires grecques entre 1573 et 1645 ; elle examine l’évolution institutionnelle de la magistrature des syndics-inquisiteurs, qui met en scène le pouvoir de la métropole dans le Stato da Mar à travers des rituels administratifs et civiques. L’étude des conditions précises de plusieurs missions révèle que les magistrats veillent à prévenir l’instabilité politique et sociale des communautés qu’ils visitent en pratiquant des réformes adaptées aux revendications des différents groupes sociaux. Cette adaptation aux réalités locales mène à reconsidérer la question de la centralisation dans l’État colonial vénitien et à restituer aux sociétés grecques une capacité d’intervention politique.