bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
100 important questions about Bitcoin’s energy use and ESG impacts
Authors: Rudd Murray A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBitcoin currently consumes about 0.4% of global electricity and some critics have argued that widespread Bitcoin production and adoption will exacerbate global warming. Bitcoin advocates, on the other hand, have been dismayed by critics’ apparent lack of willingness to scrutinize Bitcoin’s potential role in helping improve the economics of renewable energy investments, reduce net emissions from methane venting and flaring, increase electricity grid efficiency, and provide higher-order environmental, social, and governance (ESG) benefits. Given the disparate views, there is a pressing need to identify key knowledge needs regarding Bitcoin’s net energy use, carbon emissions, and direct and indirect ESG impacts. I used a variation on the ‘key questions’ horizon scanning approach to identify 100 questions that, if answered, could help provide credible evidence to support policy-makers’, investors’, and research funders’ decision-making on issues relating to the impact of Bitcoin production and adoption. The questions are distributed across 13 themes (Bitcoin energy use – the big picture; mitigating methane emissions; electricity grid transition; Bitcoin mining – site choices and costs; Bitcoin security; retail, institutional, and national Bitcoin adoption; governance; values and beliefs; inflation and discount rate; adaptive capacity; narratives; knowledge creation and communication; and social impacts). The breadth of knowledge required to answer key questions highlights the need to develop a prioritized research agenda, build research capacity, and encourage collaborative cross-sectoral and -disciplinary research. Defensible evidence for investors, regulators, and policy-makers needs to consider Bitcoin’s complex net impacts on energy use and ESG benefits.
Effects of astaxanthin and acute high-intensity exercise on liver oxidative stress in rats
Authors: Zhang Qin , Guo Ziyu , Wu Lijun , Wang Tong , Wang Jiayi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
our study aims to explore the mechanism of astaxanthin (ASTA) supplementation on liver oxidative damage in rats induced by acute high-intensity exercise. 32 male SD rats were randomly separated into 4 groups: the control, exercise, administration, and exercise + administration. Group M and EM were treated with oil-soluble astaxanthin (25 mg/kg, every day) while group C and E were given an equal amount of soybean oil instead. The final acute high-intensity treadmill exercise was performed in group E and EM. All rats were sacrificed immediately after exercise, levels of plasma liver function indexes such as ALT and AST were assessed, and contents of MDA, SOD, and GSH were measured to reflect oxidative stress of the mice. Additionally, the relative expressions of mRNA and protein of the AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in rats’ livers were also determined. According to the results of indicators assessment in our study, we found acute high-intensity exercise could induce liver damage, however, ASTA intervention will decrease ALT levels, reduce MDA concentration, as well as increase SOD activities and p-GSK-3β expression significantly to alleviate exercise-induced injuries in rats. Furthermore, ASTA also upregulates the expression of the AMPK/Nrf2 signal pathway by increasing AMPKα1 phosphorylation and activating the transcription factor Nrf2 to enhance the transcriptional translation of downstream HO-1 protein which could improve antioxidant capacity and repair exercise-induced oxidative damage. This research illustrated an unexplored effect of ASTA that it was useful in the therapy of exercise-induced liver injury through the regulation of the AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1-mediated antioxidant pathway but inhibited HO-1 expression in quiet rats.
Photobiomodulation therapy retarded axial length in children myopia with 12-month randomized controlled trial evidence
Authors: Zhou Lei , Tong Liyang , Li Ying , Qiu Kaikai 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose To test the hypothesis that photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy could retard ocular axial length (AL) in children with myopia.
Methods A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on two groups of 50 consecutive eligible children aged 8 to 12 years with ≤ - 0.75 Diopter (D) of spherical equivalent refraction（SER）. Participants were randomly assigned half to the intervention group (n = 25) treated with PBM therapy and half to the control group (n = 25) with single vision spectacles (SVS) only. At the 12-month follow-up, the changes of AL and cycloplegic SER from the baseline were both compared between the two groups. In addition, the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFChT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and central corneal refractive power (CCP) were analyzed at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-ups, respectively.
Results Among 50 children, 78% were included at final follow-up with the mean age of 9.7 ±1.5 years and mean SER of -2.56 ±1.70D. The mean difference between two groups at 12-month from baseline in AL elongation was 0.50mm (PBM vs Control, -0.016mm ± 0.11 versus 0.48mm ± 0.16, P < .001); And the mean difference between two groups at 12-month from baseline in cycloplegic SER was +1.25D (PBM vs Control, +0.28D ± 0.26 versus -0.97D ± 0.25, P < .001). None of other parameters（including SFChT, ACD, and CCP）at any timeline demonstrated statistically significant difference between two groups.
Conclusions Photobiomodulation therapy is an efficacy intervention with slightly shortened AL to control myopia in children.
Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registration Number: ChiCTR2100043619. Registered on 23/02/2021; prospectively registered. http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=121302
The efficacy of modified Ishiguro method in the treatment of mallet finger
Authors: Yang Kaiwen , Xiang Feifan , Ye Junwu , Yang Yunkang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the short- and medium-term clinical efficacy of the modified Ishiguro method and Ishiguromethod for the treatment of mallet finger.
Methods: A total of 65 patients with avulsion fracture of extensor tendon were selected from the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from September 2018 to March 2021. They were treated with the traditional Ishiguro method and the modified Ishiguro method of our hospital. There were 31 patients in the Ishiguro method group, 17 males and 14 females, 25.6 ± 4.3 years old. The operation time caused by injury was 3.1 ± 0.6 days. According to Wehbe and schneifer's classification, there were 9 cases of type II, 15 cases of type III and 7 cases of type IV; There were 34 patients in the modified group, including 21 males and 13 females, 27.5 ± 5.6 years old. The operation time caused by injury was 3.4 ± 0.5 days, including 12 patients of type II, 14 patients of type III and 8 patients of type IV. In both groups, the Kirschner wire was removed after X-ray reexamination 4-6 weeks after operation, and the curative effect was evaluated by Crawford standard and VAS score.
Results: All cases were followed up for 14.5 ± 2.1 months. There was a significant difference in VAS score of finger flexion between the two groups 1 month after operation (t=-4.349, P<0.001), and there was no significant difference in VAS score between the two groups 3 and 6 months after operation. The excellent and good rate of Crawford score in Shihei group was 19.4%, while that in improved group was 85.0% (Z=-4.349, P<0.001). At the last follow-up, the distal finger flexion was 64.28 ± 13.75 ° in the Ishigurogroup while 82.72 ± 8.59 ° in the modified group (t=-6.557, P<0.001). The follow-up of the improved group showed that the fractures healed well, the distal interphalangeal joint activities of the patients were good, and there were no nail deformities, needle infection, interphalangeal joint deformities,interphalan interphalangeal arthritis, interphalangeal joint stiffness and other complications. The follow-up X-ray examination showed that all patients were primary healed.
Conclusion: The application of the modified Ishiguro method for the treatment of distal interphalangeal joint extensor tendon avulsion fracture was satisfactory, with reliable fixation, good fracture healing, satisfactory extensor tendon stop reconstruction, and good functional recovery of the affected finger.
Groundwater quality in Zagora south-east of Morocco by using physico-chemical analysis and geospatial techniques
Authors: Boudellah Abderrazzaq , Moustaine Radouane El , Gharmali Abdelhay EL , Maliki Abdelmonaim , Moutaouakil Soumia , Bouriqui Abdelillah , abdellah khouz , Boulanouar Mohamed , Ibouh Hassan , Mohamed Ghamizi , Hachimi My Youssef El 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Groundwater in Morocco is restricted because of the semiarid to arid climatic conditions. In this area, the water resources, especially groundwater, are extremely significant. However, it is under threat from organic and inorganic pollution. Furthermore, it is considered the only source of potable water as well as having different usages in Zagora (the southeast of Morocco), making its quantitative and qualitative protection an urgent priority. The present study focused mainly on the anthropogenic impact on the natural resources and groundwater quality around Zagora city by using geospatial techniques and the Water Quality Index (WQI). This paper uses sampling data from 15 wells in the water table of Oasis Fezouata. 15 samples were collected from wells during rainy and dry seasons in two years 2020-2021 and the analysis of the groundwater quality of studied stations.
The suitability of the aquifer Fezouata was investigated using drinking and irrigation water quality indices like SSP, SAR, MHs, PI, and KR. The results showed that sulfate and chloride are the dominant anions in the groundwater samples. While the mean abundance of major cations is Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+, the sodium ion is dominant and K+ is the least abundant. The Water Quality Index suggests that 28.55% are good quality water, (23.90%–47.55%) are poor and very poor quality water, respectively, and 40.24% are unsuitable for drinking purposes in 2020. Furthermore, the WQI of the 2021 campaign showed that only 17.48% were considered good quality water and 38.94% (43.58%) were poor or very poor quality water, respectively. However, 33.21% are unsuitable for drinking water. Based on SAR, PI, SSP, KR, and HM values, the majority of groundwater samples can be used for agricultural purposes, notably those of the upstream part of the study area. These results represent an important contribution to the evaluation of groundwater quality and may be influenced mainly by local factors, especially the wastewater treatment stations and mine discharges, which are the primary sources of deteriorating water quality.
Genome-Wide Signature of Positive Selection in Ethiopian Indigenous and European Beef Cattle Breeds
Authors: Mengistie Dejenie , Edea Zewdu , Tesema Tesfaye Sisay , Dejene Genet , Dessie Tadelle , Jemal Jeilu , Asefa Ermias , Kim Kwan Suk , Samuel Behailu , Dadi Hailu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background: Despite the availability of genomic methods for determining the origin and divergence of domestic cattle in East Africa, particularly Ethiopia, knowledge regarding their genetic adaptability and divergence remain limited. To investigate signatures of selection Ethiopian cattle populations were genotyped with an 80K SNP array and European beef cattle breeds were also used for comparison purposes.
Results: Across Ethiopian cattle populations, the mean observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.403 and 0.400, respectively. Similarly, for European cattle, observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.25 and 0.26 respectively. PCA and NJ-tree revealed a separation of Ethiopian cattle breeds from European beef breeds. NJ-tree grouped the study cattle according to their breed group with close clustering of Ethiopian cattle populations. The top 1% FST values were considered to delimit genomic regions under positive selection. Some of the candidate genes are involved in biological processes and pathways linked to meat quality attributes determined. Furthermore, some of the candidate genes are associated with tropical adaptation to heat tolerance and resistance to disease.
Conclusion: The levels of genetic variation for SNPs on the Bovines GGP-80K assays obtained in this study indicate that these assays have utility for genetic studies in Ethiopian indigenous cattle breeds. The genetic distance of the indigenous Ethiopian breeds from European beef breeds coincides with existing knowledge, that European beef breeds considered under this study are artificially selected and are taurine, while Ethiopian indigenous breeds are naturally selected.
Inequality and heterogeneity of variables influencing parents' perceived worry before and during COVID-19 outbreak: evidence from a cross-sectional survey in Australia
Authors: Zougheibe Roula , Dewan Ashraf , Norman Richard , Gudes Ori 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Worry, in its general form, is an invisible disruptive force that, if ignored, may have adverse health outcomes. Understanding variables associated with worry among parents in abnormal events such as the recent COVID-19 outbreak and its variation compared to everyday life and across geography remained inadequately addressed.
Methods
Following an extensive literature review, we developed a conceptual framework outlining factors contributing to parents' worry. We undertook an anonymous online survey between (June – July 2020) involving parents (N = 332) and their primary school-aged children across Australia. Multilinear regressions, geographical weighted regression GWR and forest-based algorithms are used to identify significant variables, their spatial behaviour, and their importance in predicting parents' worry. The spatial association examines the geographical relationship between worried parents and children.
Results
There is a 13.8% increase in "very worried all the time" parents during the pandemic compared to before the outbreak. However, variables associated with parents' COVID-19-related worry were not directly related to physical health. Ethnic background (p < 0.05), neighbourhood safety (p < 0.05), parents with a history of distress symptoms (p < 0.05), excessive exposure to the news (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001), and income change (p < 0.05) were significant. Perceived neighbourhood safety was a paramount predictor of parents' worry before COVID-19, whereas the financial risk of income change was the leading variable in predicting parents' COVID-19-related worry. Spatial variations in the latter variable contributing to parents' worry is likely due to varying state policies and virus-reported cases rate. Worried children are found among distraught parents during COVID-19.
Conclusion
The analyses revealed inequality in the impact of the pandemic on parents' well-being and heterogeneity in variables contributing to modifying parents' worry across time and geography. The outcome has implications with international relevance in combating the invisible force of worry by advocating for parents-specific policies and ensuring access to appropriate mental health resources for those in need. There is also a need to forward research in geographical modelling for mental health to help devise much-needed location-targeted interventions that can aid in prioritising resources for high-risk areas.
Analysis of the dimensions of buccal and palatal bone wall in the maxillary anterior esthetic zone: a cone-beam computed tomography study
Authors: Wang Xuewei , Hu Xiaojing , Zhang Hongchuang , Zhang Hui , Song Zijian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to analyze the buccal and palatal alveolar thickness and morphologic features of relatively healthy maxillary anterior teeth using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Methods
Buccal and palatal bone thickness at central incisors, lateral incisors and canines was measured at four reference lines on CBCT scans of 1824 Chinese patients (152 males and 152 females). Alveolar bone thickness (ABT), sagittal root position (SRP), the angulation between the axis of the teeth and the alveolar process, and the inclination of the anterior teeth in the alveolar socket were measured using 3-dimensional imaging software.
Results
The thickness of buccal maxillary anterior alveolar bone thickness was 57.59% less than 1mm, and decreased with age. Bone thickness was greater in males than in females. The buccal and palatal ABT of the central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines were significantly different between males and females. The buccal ABT of females decreased with age. The SRP classification was significantly different in age distribution, regardless of gender. The SRP was significantly correlated with the buccal and palatal ABT in the apex. The angulation between the axis of the teeth and the alveolar process increased with age. The inclination of the anterior teeth in the male was significantly greater than that in the female.
Conclusions
Preoperative analysis using CBCT may be beneficial for establishing the treatment planning because the buccal and palatal alveolar bone thickness is associated with age and gender, as well as the position relationship between the tooth root and alveolar bone.
Modular Assembly of Metal Nanoparticles/Mesoporous Carbon Two-Dimensional Nanosheets
Authors: Li Wei , Qiu Pengpeng , Zhang Xingmiao , Ai Yan , Luo Wei , Zhao Dongyuan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The manipulation of polymeric micelles across extended length scales is a key challenge in the design of integrated mesoporous materials with well-defined geometry and advanced functions. Herein, we demonstrate a modular assembly strategy to construct metal nanoparticles functionalized mesoporous carbon two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets by organizing zero-dimensional (0D) spherical monomicelle modules on the 2D supporting blocks. The modular assembly process involves two key steps: the “modularization” step is used to synthesize highly uniform metal-catecholamine (MC) complex functionalized monomicelle “modules” that can be conveniently assembled on the 2D supporting blocks (graphene oxide (GO), WS2, and MXene) in the following “assembly” step. After an annealing process, the resultant composites possess a single-layered 2D nanosheet surrounded by two single-layered mesoporous carbon at both sides, and exhibit highly ordered mesostructures with large surface areas (~ 385 m2 g− 1), tunable pore sizes (16–25 nm) and highly dispersed metal-containing nanoparticles. Due to the modularity of this assembly process, a range of metal species (Co, Fe, Ni, V, Cu, Pd, FeCo, CoNi, and FeCoNi) can be in-situ incorporated into the 2D mesoporous frameworks, which are partially embedded in the pore walls with the remaining part exposed in the pore channels. Benefiting from the unique textual structures, the resultant GO derived functional mesoporous carbon nanosheets (Co as the functional species and being annealed at 850 ℃) exhibit an excellent electrocatalytic activity, long-term stability and superior methanol tolerance for oxygen reduction reaction, which holds a great potential as a catalyst for fuel cells.
Sodium Fluorescein in pediatric oncological neurosurgery: a pilot study on 50 children
Authors: de Laurentis Camilla , Bteich Fred , Beuriat Pierre Aurélien , Almeida Laryssa Crystinne Azevedo , Combet Sylvie , Mottolese Carmine , Vinchon Matthieu , Szathmari Alexandru , Rocco Federico Di 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background. Sodium fluorescein (SF) is currently considered a valid intraoperative adjunct in the resection of high-grade brain lesions in adults. Experiences in pediatric groups and in low-grade gliomas and other low-grade lesions are still limited in literature, and subjective evaluation of fluorescence is still a limitation.
Material and methods. This study retrospectively reviewed all patients with brain or spine lesions operated on from September 2021 to July 2022 in the Pediatric Neurosurgery Unit of Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Lyon, who had received 5 mg/kg of 10%. Surgery was performed using a YELLOW560 filter at crucial times. At the end of surgery, the first operator completed a questionnaire, including his opinion on whether SF had been useful in tumor resection, recorded as a binary variable. Post-hoc, surgical images were reviewed using ImageJ, an open-source Java image processing platform. In order to compare independent discrete variables, we applied the Student’s t test, and we applied the Chi-square or Fischer exact test for binary variables. A threshold of p < 0.05 was set for statistical significance.
Results. We included 50 pediatric patients (0.2 - 17.6 years old). 40/50 lesions showed SF uptake (80%). The differentiation between healthy and affected tissue, thanks to SF, subjectively evaluated by the surgeon, had as objective counterpart the statistically significant higher brightness of green in lesions, registered by the software (p < 0.001). SF overall allowed a good differentiation in 33/50 lesions, and overall utility of SF has been noted in 67% of them. When specifically considering gliomas, overall utility reached 75%.
Conclusion. SF is a feasible, safe and useful intraoperative adjunct in pediatric neurosurgery. In particular, it seems to have a promising role in some low-grade infiltrating glial tumors. The subjective evaluation of fluorescence seems to be reliable with respect to image analyses software.
Additive Manufacturing of Cu/Ni by Selective Electrochemical Deposition on Local Conductive Substrate
Authors: Wu Wenzheng , Wang Jing , Liu Tianyu , Guo Jinyu , Zhao Chenghan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Electrodeposition, a typical additive processing method combining electrochemical deposition and additive manufacturing, can realize the additive processing of metal. Herein, a novel additive manufacturing (AM) method was proposed based on electrochemical deposition. Specifically, realized three-dimensional forming of metal by local conductive samples (PLA-CNTs7wt%) as cathode through selectively electrochemical deposition. Moreover, the effect of the deposition time on the surface morphology and quality of the sample was explored. Besides, the method of preparing metal parts in array type solves the problem of slow electrochemical additive manufacturing (ECAM) and provides a new approach for AM to achieve mass production. Then, the prepared copper-nickel multilayer metal samples realized the ECAM of multi-metals. Finally, the 4D printing effect of copper-nickel bimetallic samples was preliminarily explored, and the feasibility of preparing energy storage elements by selective electrochemical deposition was further proved.