bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of measurements of central corneal thickness (CCT) by ultra-sonic pachymetry (USP) VS non-contact pachymetry (NCP)
Authors: Puri Sanjeev Kumar , Prasad B B Narendra , Ikram Syeda Sadiya 
Published: July 2022

This study aims to compare and measure the reliability, repeatability of USP and NCP (NIDEK NT530P) clinically.It was a hospital-based comparative study conducted in the outpatient department of Ophthalmology, CCT measurements were taken by NCP (NIDEK NT530P) and USP.This study done on 50 subjects, age group between 18-25 Years and it’s approved by IRB committee, subjects with emmetropia and low myopia only were included. Participants were subjected to comprehensive ophthalmic examination, Corneal thickness measurement taken with NCP(NIDEK NT530P) and USP. To eliminate the effect of diurnal variations on thickness all measurements were taken between 2 PM -6 PM.CCT measurements was first taken by NCP (Nidek NT530P) five readings were taken followed by USP. Eyes was anesthetized, and the probe placed perpendicularly on the cornea and the readings were observed in the display. The test was repeated five times and the mean values was calculated. The results were well inside the normal range and there are no significant measurements obtained by these devices.
Ptosis in long standing VKC in young adults
Authors: Wani Ourfa Ashraf , Sajjad Sheikh 
Published: July 2022

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is an unusually severe sight-threatening allergic eye disease, occurring mainly in children. Children with VKC present with severe ocular symptoms, that is, severe eye itching and irritation, constant tearing, red eye, eye discharge, and photophobia. Though medically treated, some complications of the disease like ptosis may require surgical intervention, thus identifying the association of ptosis with VKC is of utmost importance. This study was done to see the relation between long-standing VKC and acquired ptosis in young adults.This was a hospital based non-comparative, observational study, conducted in the department of Ophthalmology, SKIMS Medical College Hospital, and Srinagar from March 2020 to May 2022. 60 patients upto the age of 40 years with any form of VKC were included in the study. Ocular examination included visual acuity testing, slit lamp biomicroscopic examination to evaluate corneal and conjunctival involvement, proper history and evaluation of ptosis.Mean age of cases was 16.23± 6.97. Out of 60 patients maximum were in the age group of 10-15 years (31.66%), followed by the age group of 15-20 years (21.66%). Out of total 60 cases 46(76.66%) were male and 14(23.33%) were female. Palpebral form of the disease was seen to be in most of the cases 53.33%, followed by mixed form of the disease in 28.33% and bulbar disease in 18.33% of the cases. Presence of acquired ptosis as a complication due to VKC was seen in 9(15%) patients. Out of these 9 patients 7 patients presented with unilateral ptosis and 2 patients presented with bilateral ptosis. Average duration of symptoms in these patients was 5.0±1.8 years, indicating that ptosis is a complication of long standing VKC. All these patients had palpebral or mixed form of VKC, none had bulbar form of the disease.Our study revealed that prolonged severe VKC may induce a lower position of the upper eyelid and eventually lead to ptosis, which is a non-reversible complication of VKC and requires surgical correction. Thus better primary eye care for the management of VKC in children may prevent this complication.
Solitary infundibulocystic basal cell carcinoma of lid- A case report and review of literature
Authors: Reghunadhan Iodine , Kurian Abraham , Nair Unnikrishnan 
Published: July 2022

The infundibulocystic subtype of Basal cell Carcinoma (IBCC) is a rare entity. It was proposed as a new BCC variant and has been described as a sporadic lesion or as part of Multiple Hereditary Infundibulocysytic BCC(MHIBCC). IBCC in the lids associated with MHIBCC or basal cell naevus syndrome has been reported. However an isolated IBCC of lids has seldom been reported in ophthalmic literature. We report a rare case of solitary IBCC of lids.We report a rare histopathological variant of the commonest lid malignancy, ie BCC.Histopathology of excised lesion of a recuurent chalazion turned out to be IBCC, a rare variant to date reported only as part of MHIBCC. The solitary IBCC, though yet to be reported in lids in ophthalmic literature does exist and ophthalmologists as well as pathologists should be aware of this entity and its less aggressive course.
Penetrating corneal fish hook injury: A case report
Authors: Ravi Aparna , Chandra Silni , Prabhu Padma B , Kotancheri Ranjini 
Published: July 2022

Fishing is a popular recreational activity. Ocular penetrating fish hook injury is an unusual cause of ocular trauma and is often challenging in management. We are presenting a case report of a 29 year old male who came to our casualty with penetrating corneal injury due to a barbed fish hook while trying to catch fish. Fish hook was seen penetrating through the cornea and iris and the tip was not seen. We enlarged the wound and used foreign body forceps to separate the ocular tissues from the barb of the hook. Knowing the structure of fish hook and its relation to ocular tissues is important for successful removal of fish hook and for a good outcome. 1: The technique for removal of fish hook from eye depends on the relation of the hook to the ocular tissues; 2: Appropriate surgical intervention is necessary for a good outcome
Dobre, bo śmieszne… Aksjologiczne aspekty humoru w socjolekcie i komunikacji młodzieży
Authors: Wileczek Anna 
Published: July 2022

Artykuł podejmuje aspekty związane ze współczesnym przeobrażeniem kategorii humoru w socjolekcie i zwyczajach komunikacyjnych młodzieży. Materiał egzemplifikacyjny stanowią teksty zaczerpnięte z języka i dyskursu młodzieżowego prowadzonego w różnych „kanałach” i typach komunikacji zapośredniczonej cyfrowo (w tym bazy danych do Młodzieżowego Słowa Roku). W przemiany kategorii humoru jako pokłosia zjawisk kulturowych, np. popkulturowej ludyczności (kultura beki) i nowej karnawalizacji, filozofii xD, apoteozy trywialności i ekstremalności doświadczeń, wpisują się realizacje językowe jako warianty gry z normami języka ogólnego, powagą i wzorami uczestnictwa w kulturze.
„Als fromme und getrewe Bürger…” – projektowanie pożądanych zachowań społecznych w gdańskich ordynacjach ogniowych z XVI i XVII wieku
Authors: Janusz Alicja 
Published: July 2022

Ordynacje ogniowe, zwane też porządkami lub wilkierzami, są jednymi z najwcześniejszych instrukcji zachowania się w wypadku pożaru lub zagrożenia. Popularne zwłaszcza w obszarze niemieckojęzycznym, stanowią wciąż teksty słabo zbadane pod kątem językowym. W niniejszym artykule została przeanalizowana, pochodząca z trzech gdańskich dokumentów, leksyka dotycząca zachowań pozytywnych i negatywnych w obliczu zagrożenia, a także ta dotycząca ich konsekwencji, celem poznania wartościowania elementów rzeczywistości przez twórców poszczególnych porządków oraz ustalenia, co uznawali oni (karę czy nagrodę) za lepszą motywację do działań ku wspólnemu dobru.
Sukces w świadomości młodzieży studiującej
Authors: Karwatowska Małgorzata , Siwiec Adam 
Published: July 2022

Problematyka poruszana w artykule dotyczy sukcesu i związanego z nim języka, który stał się nieodłącznym elementem współczesnej kultury. Przedmiotem rozważań jest sukces jako konstrukt społeczny, identyfikowany z perspektywy indywidualnej, w powiązaniu tego pojęcia z systemem wartości jednostki w jej relacjach ze społeczeństwem. Jest to sukces opisywany na podstawie konceptualizacji i werbalizacji uzyskanych w badaniach ankietowych. Grupę respondentów stanowili studenci kierunków humanistycznych Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie. Ankieta miała na celu uzyskanie informacji na temat czynników (podmiotowych i przedmiotowych) warunkujących osiągnięcie sukcesu oraz jego oznak i wyznaczników, werbalizacji, które nasuwają się w związku z hasłem sukces, ponadto wiązała się ze skonstruowaniem przez ankietowanych własnej definicji tego słowa. Jak wynika z przeprowadzonych analiz, skojarzenia dotyczące sukcesu wpisują się w powszechny model powodzenia życiowego człowieka we współtworzących go wymiarach, poczynając od materialistycznego i stratyfikacyjno-prestiżowego, po emocjonalno-afiliacyjny (udane życie rodzinne, powodzenie w pracy, satysfakcjonujące kontakty towarzyskie) i samorealizacyjny. Sukces jest definiowany jako działanie, osiągnięcie, spełnienie, efekt i stan emocjonalny, uczucie. Młodzież studiująca postrzega zatem sukces przede wszystkim jako wynik pewnych działań związanych z wytężoną pracą, które prowadzą do osiągnięcia wyznaczonego sobie celu. Na uwagę zasługuje fakt, że żadna z definicji studenckich nie objaśniała sukcesu w kategoriach efektu szczęśliwych wydarzeń losowych, choć taka interpretacja znalazła się we wskazywanych asocjacjach.
CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE CLASSROOMS AT THE UNIVERSITY LEVEL
Authors: Shakil Anila Fatima , Karim Rabia Abdul , Niazi Salma , Aslam Mahnaz , Khan Shazia Chachar 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to critically analyze the effectiveness of critical thinking skills in teaching the English language at the university level to non-native speakers of English. The study further analyzed the performance measured by a test of two groups of English language learners that were independent and controlled groups.
Methodology: The study analyzed the performance measured by a test of two groups of English language learners that were independent and controlled groups. of BSII. For this purpose, an aptitude test was designed and served to sixty students grouped as group A and group B. Both groups have thirty students. According to the paradigm of the study, the independent samples t-test proved to be the most appropriate statistical test.
Main Findings: It was concluded that incorporating critical thinking skills would be able to improve English language learning among students at the tertiary level. It was recommended that teachers' training workshops should be arranged for English language teachers, so that they may enhance their knowledge about teaching critical thinking.
Applications of the study: Critical thinking skill is directly relevant to the instructional objectives and English language teaching. The purpose of this study was to critically analyze the effectiveness of critical thinking skills in teaching the English language at the university level.
Novelty/Originality of the study: Research in the field of English language learning in non-native English speakers’ countries is always rewarding.
Strategi Public Relation dalam Mengembangkan Citra Lembaga Madrasah di MAN 2 Ponorogo
Authors: Ririn Nuraini  , Sri Ambarwati Cahyaningrum  
Published: July 2022

Abstract

This study aims to explain Public Relations in developing the Image of Madrasah Institutions at MAN 2 Ponorogo. To explain the implementation of the Public Relations strategy in developing the image of Madrasah Institutions at MAN 2 Ponorogo. This research uses a qualitative approach and the type of research is a case study. The results of the analysis show: Public relations at MAN 2 Ponorogo include providing information services from an agency/educational institution to customers (the wider community) and prioritizing good communication. In MAN 2 Ponorogo, there are two types of communication commonly used, namely verbal communication and nonverbal communication. The pattern of public relations strategy at MAN 2 Ponorogo includes four main steps, namely planning by identifying problems and planning programs based on problem analysis, organizing by forming administrators and delegation of authority who will be involved in programs of public relations activities, implementation of program implementation and communication with strategy. and program reporting/evaluation. Implementation of public relations strategy through internal and external activities. By using school strategies, functional, operational. This public relations strategy has a great contribution to the image of the institution at MAN 2 Ponorogo.

Keywords: Public Relations Strategy; Image of Madrasah Institutions
What You Should Know About Offshore and Sour Gas CCS: High Cost, Leak Mitigation, and Transportation
Authors: Jacobs Trent 
Published: July 2022

Discovered in 2011 offshore the Malaysian state of Sarawak, the Kasawari sour gas field is today a symbol of Southeast Asia’s energy challenge.
Petronas is eyeing next year for first gas. By 2025 it hopes to see 900 MMscf/D flowing from the field to its sprawling Bintulu LNG export facility on the Sarawak coast.
But what makes the field a regional and industry bellwether is not its natural gas.
When peak output is reached, Petronas plans to stop venting and start capturing between 3.7 and 4 million mtpa of the CO2 that will be produced from the project’s wells over the next 2 decades.
That’s more than 8% of the greenhouse gas emissions Petronas reported for all of 2020. And in more upstream-friendly terms, the injection target at Kasawari is roughly equal to 77 Bcf of gas each year.
Keeping that huge volume of CO2 from ever seeing the light of day will require a dedicated platform that Petronas is in the midst of designing. It will also need a 138-km-long pipeline to send CO2 to a depleted field for permanent storage.
And of particular note, this second phase of Kasawari will not just be the Malaysian national oil company’s first such attempt at megascale carbon capture and storage (CCS).
With more than twice the planned injection rate of Norway’s Northern Lights CCS that is set to begin in 2024, Kasawari will become the world’s largest offshore CCS project just a year later.
The scale of Kasawari is a result of its ranking as one of the most CO2-laden gas fields planned for development globally. When wells are flowing, it’s expected that up to 40% of what will come out will be CO2.
But since Petronas has also signed on to become a net-zero emitter by 2050, venting the field’s waste gas won’t be a viable option for long.
The sheer scope of the project, and that it is a maiden voyage of sorts for Petronas, has drawn attention to the impact CCS will have on upstream project development costs in Southeast Asia.
New research from Rystad Energy suggests that the capital inputs required to add CCS to Kasawari will hike the project’s breakeven gas prices from roughly $3.50/Mcf to more than $5.00/Mcf.
The energy consultancy sees a similar case especially for other offshore sour gas projects where CCS will likely be needed to abate production-driven emissions.
“Most of these projects are certainly in the study phase still,” said Prateek Pandey, vice president of analysis at Rystad.
“But the bigger challenge—more than the technology—is likely to be the economics of these projects and how operators justify the additional development cost with the implementation of CCUS [carbon capture, utilization, and storage] and CCS.”
Coiled Tubing Program Succeeds in Harsh-Environment Tight Gas Wells
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: July 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 209032, “Successfully Adapting and Overcoming Challenges for Coiled Tubing Applications in High-Pressure Sour Environments and Horizontal Unconventional Tight Gas Wells in UAE,” by Ole Sorensen, Yang Wu, and Didier Caillon, SPE, TotalEnergies, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
During the completion phase of four unconventional wells in the United Arab Emirates, a detailed engineering approach overcame challenges presented by extreme conditions of pressure, temperature, and a sour environment across long horizontal sections to carry out cleanout activities successfully. This operation, the first of its kind in the country for the operator, yielded lessons for design considerations and the execution process and recommendations for coiled tubing (CT) intervention in similar working environments. It also confirmed that 110,000-psi-yield-strength quench-and-tempered (Q&T) CT strings can be deployed safely in a high-pressure sour environment by implementing proper risk-mitigation strategies.

Introduction
The unconventional gas play (referred to as “A” in the complete paper) featured a reservoir pressure of nearly 13,000 psi and a bottomhole temperature of approximately 325°F. The environment was sour, with 5 mol% of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and 5% carbon dioxide (CO2). The well’s architecture consisted of a 5½-in. monobore completion with cemented casing and horizontal sections ranging from 5,000 to 8,200 ft. The selected completion methodology was plug-and-perf, including up to 35 fracturing stages in a single well.

Overview of CT Intervention Challenges
The true vertical depth of the play was 12,600 ft on average, representing a maximum anticipated surface pressure (MASP) of 8,000 psi with the wellbore full of working fluid (8.34-lbm/gal slickwater) and a maximum potential wellhead pressure (MPWHP) of 11,300 psi with the wellbore full of gas. Also, partial pressures of H2S and CO2 exceeded 600 psi at bottomhole conditions, confirming that sour- and corrosive-service programs had to be implemented fully in this project.
Convergence of MASP above 7,500 psi, CT dynamic pressure of greater than 11,000 psi, lateral length of up to 8,200 ft, and the sour and corrosive environment required a highly engineered approach on the design and selection of the CT string and configuration of the surface equipment.
New String Deployment Concept Extends Operational Limits for Megareach Interventions
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: July 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper IPTC 22577, “Extending the Operational Limits To Target Megareach Interventions With Coiled Tubing: A Study of the First 40,000-ft-Long CT String Deployment Using Uniquely Engineered Energy Transportation Solutions,” by Karan Kaul, Nicolas Dupouy, and Jose Jimenez, Halliburton, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2022 International Petroleum Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.
An operator requiring an offshore coiled tubing (CT) intervention into 40,000-ft-deep wells from artificial islands of the United Arab Emirates encountered challenging crane and transportation limitations to lift a 2⅜-in. CT reel weighing approximately 200,000 lbm. This, combined with a desire to improve operational efficiency in moving from well to well and eliminating large mechanical lifts, led to the design of a custom-engineered transportation solution for the large-diameter, heavy CT spool.

Introduction
CT and its associated setups are in high demand for wellbore intervention to perform operations such as valve or sleeve shifting, pinpoint stimulation with custom chemistry, milling, fishing, wellbore diagnostics using fiber optics, and drilling with different downhole tools. These tasks become even more challenging when difficulties associated with extended-reach maximum-reservoir-contact reservoirs are considered. While the term “extended-reach” refers to wells for which the measured depth (MD) is greater than twice the true vertical depth (TVD), the term “megareach” refers to wells for which the MD is greater than three times the TVD.
A CT string is a continuous string of pipe manufactured from a specific grade of material determined by the downhole application for which it is intended. It is coiled over a drum (referred to in the paper as a spool) with more than 25 full layers around the bed wrap and has a high amount of energy stored in it because of the residual bending of the CT material. Although the string is secured at the end with an industry-specific clamp, close monitoring is required to avoid loosening from vibrations caused during transportation.
After storing the CT pipe on the spool, the spool usually is shipped and transported from the shore jetty to the artificial island jetty using a conventional vessel. It is then offloaded, lifted, and secured onto a CT drive reel using a regular crane ready for wellsite operations (Fig. 1).
Multilateral Jetting Technology Results in Increased Production in Offshore Field
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: July 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper IPTC 21959, “Multilateral Jetting Technology Results in a 150% Uplift in Production During a Second Offshore Application in Abu Dhabi Offshore Field,” by Salman Farhan Nofal, SPE, Fazeel Ahmad, SPE, and Ahmad Shmakhy, SPE, ADNOC, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2022 International Petroleum Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.
A well offshore Abu Dhabi was deemed a success despite deployment challenges during the lower completion phase. Opportunities to address these challenges existed for a succeeding well, and in the search for improvement to the productivity index (PI), multilateral acid-jetting technology was adopted as a more-effective approach than typical drainage methods. Following successful adoption of this technology, the well has been producing for 1 year at the time of writing with positive results.

Introduction
The subject reservoir consists of a carbonate multilayer formation with differing porosities and permeabilities. The conventional method to inject or produce from these layers is by drilling slanted or horizontal holes followed by acidizing using conventional 15 or 28% hydrochloric acid (HCl). These holes sometimes do not meet the target because of low productivity (high drawdown) caused by tight reservoirs with less surface contact even after acidizing because the acid tends to propagate more in the highly permeable streaks than in the low-permeability ones. The new approach aims at addressing this problem by increasing the surface contact in the low-permeability streaks and connecting different thin separated layers to improve productivity using expanding metal needles.

Challenges
This reservoir consists of multiple thin, low-permeability layers separated by dense layers. Completion of wells in all sublayers with slanted holes did not lead to efficient production, and high drawdown led to low bottomhole flowing pressure. Completion of wells in one or two sublayers using horizontal stepdown was considered, but some wells were still not able to produce against the sea line, leading to the conclusion that the reservoirs suffered from a low ratio of vertical to horizontal permeability (kV/kH).
Production-Technology Selection Optimizes Redevelopment Project in Austria
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: July 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 200290, “Production Technology Selection for an EOR Redevelopment Project: Lessons Learned From Polymer Pilots,” by Michaela Hoy, SPE, Timur Cimitoglu, and Philipp Knauhs, SPE, OMV, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
OMV operates 26 oil fields in Lower Austria. The majority were developed in the 1950s and ’60s and show an extended period of decline. The challenge of operating brownfields can be tackled by a major chemical-enhanced-oil-recovery field-redevelopment project. The scope of the polymer field rollout is to create and operate efficient horizontal polymer injection patterns in Lower Austria.

Introduction
The operator historically has executed several enhanced oil recovery trials, but during the past 10 years, polymerflooding has grown in importance in its development plans. For testing its efficacy in the Tortonian Horizons (TH) of the Matzen field, single vertical polymer patterns were created.
Because the vertical polymer patterns showed operational success and incremental-oil-production potential, horizontal flooding patterns were considered. In 2017, the first horizontal pilot pattern was drilled and completed.