bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of facial and blink reflex abnormalities in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with short disease duration: a clue to subclinical cranial neuropathy
Authors: Tawfik Gihan Abd El Fattah , Sultan Hussein El Moghazy , Younis Gihan Abd El Lattif , El Emairy Wafaa Samir 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Cranial neuropathies occur in 3 to 14% of diabetic patients. Motor conduction study of the facial nerve and blink reflex study are electrophysiologic techniques used to assess the facio-trigeminal pathway in diabetic patients. The patterns of facial and blink reflex abnormalities are inconsistent among studies. This study aimed to assess the subclinical facial nerve and blink reflex abnormalities patterns in short-duration type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. This cross-sectional study included 30 type 2 diabetic patients with disease duration ≤ 5 years. We included only patients with the Toronto clinical neuropathy score ≤ 5. We enrolled 30 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects as a control group. We performed facial nerve motor conduction and blink reflex studies. Patients with prior history of cranial nerve lesions, stroke, or any other disease-causing polyneuropathy or drug-induced neuropathy were excluded from the study.

Results
Thirty diabetic patients were included, 20 females (66.7%) and ten males (33.3%). Their mean age was 52.63 ± 8.94 years. None of the patients had clinical evidence of neuropathy. There were significant differences between patients and controls in the distal latencies and amplitudes of facial nerve compound muscle action potentials and contralateral R2 late response latencies of the blink reflex. We detected subclinical cranial abnormalities in 6 diabetic patients (20%). One of them (3.3%) had facial nerve conduction abnormalities, four of them (13.4%) had blink reflex abnormalities, and one of them (3.3%) had both facial nerve and blink reflex abnormalities.

Conclusion
Subclinical cranial neuropathy can occur in short-duration type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. We detected different blink reflex patterns and facial conduction study abnormalities. We recommend blink reflex and facial nerve conduction studies as simple tests for the early evaluation of neurological subclinical affection in patients with short disease duration of T2DM as they may appear in the absence of peripheral neuropathy.
Neuroimaging oxytocin modulation of social reward learning in schizophrenia
Authors: Mouchlianitis Elias D. , Tracy Derek K. , Wigton Rebekah , Vanes Lucy D. , Fett Anne-Kathrin , Shergill Sukhi S. 
Published: September 2022

Background
Conventional pharmacological approaches have limited effectiveness for schizophrenia. There is interest in the application of oxytocin, which is involved in social cognition. Clinical trials have yielded mixed results, with a gap in understanding neural mechanisms.

Aims
To evaluate the behavioural impact of oxytocin administration on a social learning task in individuals with schizophrenia, and elucidate any differential neural activity produced.

Method
We recruited 20 clinically stable right-handed men diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. In a double-blind cross-over randomised controlled study, 40 IU of oxytocin or placebo were administered before functional magnetic resonance imaging of participants playing a multi-round economic exchange game of trust. Participants had the role of investors (investment trials) receiving repayment on their investments (repayment trials), playing one session against a computer and a second against a player believed to be human.

Results
During investment trials, oxytocin increased neural signalling in the right lateral parietal cortex for both human and computer player trials, and attenuated signalling in the right insula for human player trials. For repayment trials, oxytocin elicited signal increases in left insula and left ventral caudate, and a signal decrease in right amygdala during the human player trials; conversely it resulted in right dorsal caudate activation during the computer player trials. We did not find a significant change in behavioural performance associated with oxytocin administration, or any associations with symptoms.

Conclusions
During a social learning task oxytocin modulates cortical and limbic substrates of the reward-processing network. These perturbations can be putatively linked to the pathoaetiology of schizophrenia.
Adjuvant Therapy of Nivolumab Combined With Ipilimumab Versus Nivolumab Alone in Patients With Resected Stage IIIB-D or Stage IV Melanoma (CheckMate 915)
Authors: Weber Jeffrey S. , Schadendorf Dirk , Del Vecchio Michele , Larkin James , Atkinson Victoria , Schenker Michael , Pigozzo Jacopo , Gogas Helen , Dalle Stéphane , Meyer Nicolas , Ascierto Paolo A. , Sandhu Shahneen , Eigentler Thomas , Gutzmer Ralf , Hassel Jessica C. , Robert Caroline , Carlino Matteo S. , Di Giacomo Anna Maria , Butler Marcus O. , Muñoz-Couselo Eva , Brown Michael P. , Rutkowski Piotr , Haydon Andrew , Grob Jean-Jacques , Schachter Jacob , Queirolo Paola , de la Cruz-Merino Luis , van der Westhuizen Andre , Menzies Alexander M. , Re Sandra , Bas Tuba , de Pril Veerle , Braverman Julia , Tenney Daniel J. , Tang Hao , Long Georgina V. 
Published: September 2022

PURPOSE Ipilimumab and nivolumab have each shown treatment benefit for high-risk resected melanoma. The phase III CheckMate 915 trial evaluated adjuvant nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus nivolumab alone in patients with resected stage IIIB-D or IV melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, phase III trial, 1,833 patients received nivolumab 240 mg once every 2 weeks plus ipilimumab 1 mg/kg once every 6 weeks (916 patients) or nivolumab 480 mg once every 4 weeks (917 patients) for ≤ 1 year. After random assignment, patients were stratified by tumor programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and stage. Dual primary end points were recurrence-free survival (RFS) in randomly assigned patients and in the tumor PD-L1 expression-level < 1% subgroup. RESULTS At a minimum follow-up of approximately 23.7 months, there was no significant difference between treatment groups for RFS in the all-randomly assigned patient population (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.77 to 1.09; P = .269) or in patients with PD-L1 expression < 1% (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.14). In all patients, 24-month RFS rates were 64.6% (combination) and 63.2% (nivolumab). Treatment-related grade 3 or 4 adverse events were reported in 32.6% of patients in the combination group and 12.8% in the nivolumab group. Treatment-related deaths were reported in 0.4% of patients in the combination group and in no nivolumab-treated patients. CONCLUSION Nivolumab 240 mg once every 2 weeks plus ipilimumab 1 mg/kg once every 6 weeks did not improve RFS versus nivolumab 480 mg once every 4 weeks in patients with stage IIIB-D or stage IV melanoma. Nivolumab showed efficacy consistent with previous adjuvant studies in a population resembling current practice using American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition, reaffirming nivolumab as a standard of care for melanoma adjuvant treatment.
False Gospels of Efficiency
Authors: Vail David D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article examines the conflicts over knowledge, expertise, spiritual promises, and agroecological realities that collided in the construction of an early-1900s rural water conservation district in Cache Valley, Utah. Out of these tensions emerged a field-based view of conservation that oscillated between hydrologists' teachings of rational management through irrigation and local dry farming practices that seemed to acknowledge the valley's limitations—all in a futile effort to make the land faithful to an agri-spiritual aesthetic that persuaded scientists and farmers alike to rebuild District No. 1 over and over again. From debates about whose expertise to follow to economic devastation from illicit dealings of dubious financiers and unruly environmental conditions, the saga of Cache County Water Conservation District No. 1 reveals an irrigated rural western landscape that was as unpredictable as it was inescapable.
From Bread to Cake
Authors: Morris Craig , Bolingbroke David 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article deepens our understanding of Cold War–era agricultural history by examining the relationship between Pacific Northwest soft white wheat and Japanese importers and consumers. Recent historiography of wheat during the Cold War has focused on telling how the United States turned to wheat exports in the “developing world” as a tool and weapon to achieve US hegemony and negate the influence of the Soviet Union. This article argues that the Pacific Northwest wheat industry's relationship with wheat consumers and importers in Japan shifts the Cold War wheat narrative away from staples like bread to confectionary products made with soft white flour. Japanese buyers and consumers purchased soft white wheat not to feed the hungry but instead to serve a growing market for cakes and other confectionary products. This relationship helps understand the current wheat market in the Pacific Northwest, where soft white wheat exports dominate.
Maximising impactful and locally relevant mental health research: ethical considerations
Authors: Calia Clara , Chakrabarti Amit , Sarabwe Emmanuel , Chiumento Anna 
Published: September 2022

Background:Achieving ethical and meaningful mental health research in diverse global settings requires approaches to research design, conduct, and dissemination that prioritise a contextualised approach to impact and local relevance.Method:Through three case studies presented at the 2021 Global Forum on Bioethics in Research meeting on the ethical issues arising in research with people with mental health conditions, we consider the nuances to achieving ethical and meaningful mental health research in three diverse settings. The case studies include research with refugees Rwanda and Uganda; a neurodevelopmental cohort study in a low resource setting in India, and research with Syrian refugees displaced across the Middle East.Results:Key considerations highlighted across the case studies include how mental health is understood and experienced in diverse contexts to ensure respectful engagement with communities, and to inform the selection of contextually-appropriate and feasible research methods and tools to achieve meaningful data collection. Related to this is a need to consider how communities understand and engage with research to avoid therapeutic misconception, exacerbating stigma, or creating undue inducement for research participation, whilst also ensuring meaningful benefit for research participation. Central to achieving these is the meaningful integration of the views and perspectives of local stakeholders to inform research design, conduct, and legacy. The case studies foreground the potential tensions between meeting local community needs through the implementation of an intervention, and attaining standards of scientific rigor in research design and methods; and between adherence to procedural ethical requirements such as ethical review and documenting informed consent, and ethical practice through attention to the needs of the local research team.Conclusions:We conclude that engagement with how to achieve local relevance and social, practice, and academic impact offer productive ways for researchers to promote ethical research that prioritises values of solidarity, inclusion, and mutual respect.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN REGIONS: ASSESSMENT, ANALYSIS
Authors: Vakulenko Olesya S. , Grachev Sergey A. 
Published: September 2022

Relevance. The depletion of natural resources, the problems of poverty, malnutrition and inequality are some examples from the endless list of problems of humanity. They actualized the issue of sustainable development.
Problem. Despite the relevance, there is a lack of a standardized methodological approach to assessing the parameters of sustainable development, which is a research problem.
Goal. Formation of a standardized methodical approach for assessing the parameters of sustainable development and identification of donor regions.
Methods. In the course of the study, methods of analysis and synthesis were used to form the estimated parameters, comparison to evaluate the results obtained, formalization to standardize the approach.
Results. The combination of methods made it possible to form and test an approach based on the author’s sustainable development index, taking into account the risk of changes in development, in 66 regions of the Russian Federation over a 20-year period. The result was the identification of the region most prepared for donation in the economic sphere – the Krasnodar Territory.
ORFEU DA CONCEIÇÃO: UMA TRAGÉDIA NÃO NEGRA
Authors: Costa Ronald Augusto da 
Published: September 2022

O que pretendemos com esse artigo é analisar dois aspectos da peça Orfeu da Conceição, de Vinicius de Moraes. Em primeiro lugar demonstraremos que em termos de modelo compositivo, o autor escreveu a obra a partir de uma dialética da apropriação-expropriação de signos da tradição ocidental. Isto é, Vinicius, como um típico modernista tardio, serve-se de dados do passado estético-literário tendo em vista sua transfiguração ou atualização para o presente. O segundo aspecto que abordaremos diz respeito às tensões e às vacilações semânticas que informam a peça desde o pano de fundo racial. Essas tensões indicam em sua estrutura discursiva o alinhamento acrítico do autor com a estereotipia e o preconceito relativamente à representação de personagens negros e ao tratamento do legado cultural e religioso afro-brasileiros. Se no primeiro aspecto é possível afirmar que o poeta logrou êxito, já no segundo aspecto concluímos que Vinícius fracassou, porque não conseguiu conferir aos seres de ficção negros uma dimensão mais profunda e complexa.
Um outro Modernismo
Authors: Lopes Denilson 
Published: September 2022

Há uma recorrência bibliográfica de um suposto isolamento intelectual de Mário Peixoto e de Limite (1931) na história do cinema, talvez mesmo na história cultural brasileira. Gostaria de problematizar essas duas afirmativas para argumentar em favor de uma aproximação de Limite diferente da realizada pelo seu pertencimento a uma tradição experimental bem como de um mapeamento de uma rede intelectual a afetiva a que Mário Peixoto pertencia a partir de uma leitura dos diários de Mário Peixoto e setenta depoimentos de parentes, amigos, colegas e contemporâneos de Mário depositados no Arquivo Mário Peixoto, no Rio de Janeiro. Os depoimentos somam algo em torno de pelo menos mil e quinhentas páginas. Creio que esse material inédito pode contribuir para ampliar o conhecimento não só de Mário Peixoto e de sua obra, mas da história cultural e do cenário intelectual do Rio de Janeiro, em especial, nos anos 30. Para tanto minha terceira hipótese é a de supor um outro Modernismo, no qual o extrativismo, em especial, associado a “longa decadência” do ouro em Minas Gerais e, sobretudo, à decadência do café no Vale do Paraíba é central e gera uma sensibilidade histórica aristocrática, sem deixar de ser crítica.
Os jovens e as afetivas alegrias: acontecimentos de leitura e escrita em aula de EJA.
Authors: Falabelo Raimundo Nonato Oliveira 
Published: September 2022

O trabalho trata da relação Afetividade, Leitura e Escrita numa classe de Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Tem como objetivo analisar acontecimentos vividos em aulas que, ao privilegiar as relações intersubjetivas, registra evidências de disposições emocionais e afetivas mobilizadoras de interesses e atenção a determinados objetos simbólicos, que podem se reverter em possibilidades didáticas de ação à vontade de ler e escrever. Paulo Freire e Lev S. Vigotski são inspiração teórica e metodológica à pesquisa, pela aproximação a uma perspectiva humanística em suas reflexões e a centralidade da cultura, em seu papel formador e de desenvolvimento social, intelectual de sujeitos críticos. Os resultados revelam o movimento da leitura e da escrita enquanto instrumentos de comunicação, de prazer e de desenvolvimento intelectual, em seu caráter de exercício escolar e de compartilhamento de experiências e aprendizagem.
Topological inverse design of fabrication-constrained nanophotonic devices via an adaptive projection method
Authors: Liang Hao , Wang Qi , Yuan Xueguang , Liu Hao , Xu Jiyu , Zhang Yangan , Liu Kai , Huang Yongqing , Ren Xiaomin 
Published: September 2022

Topology optimization has been widely adopted in the inverse design of nanophotonic devices due to low computation cost, which unfortunately produces intermediate relative permittivity values that fail to meet fabrication constraints. Additionally, the postprocessing required inevitably increases the complexity of the inverse design. In this Letter, we propose an adaptive projection method for topology optimization, in which a two-level hierarchical hyperbolic tangent projection function with linear increment and differentiation is constructed and applied to eliminate inherent defects of conventional topology optimization. Two binarized nanophotonic devices have been designed by our adaptive projection method, among which one ultra-compact dual 90°-bend waveguide reduces the average insertion loss to 20.3% of its similar counterpart and shows an 8.1% reduction for the average crosstalk in the O band, the other ultralow-loss waveguide crossing features an average insertion loss as low as 0.09 dB. With the significant advantages of excellent performance guarantee and fabrication-friendly geometry control fully demonstrated, our inverse design solution shows potential to contribute to nanophotonic devices and integrated chips.
Mennyire nyitottak az egyetemisták megosztani a tudásukat egymással?
Authors: Juhász Tímea , Csongrádi Gyöngyi , Tóth Arnold 
Published: September 2022

A TANULMÁNY CÉLJA
Ma már nem kérdés, hogy a tudás az egyik legfontosabb humán érték, amelynek megszerzése, fejlesztése, és megőrzése sokak számára nélkülözhetetlen. A tudás menedzselése alatt olyan tevékenységeket értünk, melyek célja az összegyűjtött ismeretek, a tapasztalatok, a szakértelem dokumentálása, rendszerezése, megosztása, továbbfejlesztése illetve hatékony felhasználása. Nem véletlen, hogy az egyénileg megszerzett, fejlesztett tudásvagyont a legtöbben szeretnék megőrizni. Kérdés azonban, hogy hajlandóak-e a hallgatók a tudásukat másokkal is megosztani. A cikk szerzői ebben a felmérésben egyetemisták körében vizsgálták meg, hogy mennyire nyitottak az ismereteik átadására egymás között.
ALKALMAZOTT MÓDSZERTAN
A szerzők a felsőoktatási intézményben tanulók tudásátadási hajlandóságát 2021-ben zajlott kutatás keretében vizsgálták. A válaszadóknak egy, az interneten közzétett kérdőívet kellett kitölteniük, anonim és önkéntes módon.
LEGFONTOSABB EREDMÉNYEK
A vizsgálati eredmények azt igazolták, hogy közepesen hajlandóak a hallgatók a diáktársaiknak átadni az információkat, és ezért nem elsősorban materiális kompenzációt várnak el egymástól. A diákok közötti tudástranszfer ösztönzése része kell legyen az egyetemi oktatásnak és javasolt olyan lehetőségeket teremteni, hogy minél több helyzetben tudják a tanulók megosztani egymás között az információkat, mellyel nem csak a tanulás hatékonyságát tudják növelni, hanem később, az üzleti életben is hasznosítható tapasztalatokat szerezhetnek.
Endometriosis among African women
Authors: Mecha Ezekiel O , Njagi Joseph N , Makunja Roselydiah N , Omwandho Charles O A , Saunders Philippa T K , Horne Andrew W 
Published: September 2022

Endometriosis has long been wrongly perceived to be rare among women of African descent. The misconception about the prevalence of endometriosis among African women has significantly contributed to long diagnostic delays, limited access to diagnosis and care, and a scarcity of research on the condition among African women. In this commentary, we highlight the prevalence of endometriosis among African women, the state of endometriosis care in Africa, and the gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed. Based on the available data, the prevalence of endometriosis in Africa is likely higher than previously thought, with varying subtypes. There is a long diagnostic delay of endometriosis among African women. Additionally, endometriosis care in Africa from the general population and health practitioners is poor; this can be attributed to the high diagnostic cost, scarcity of trained specialists, as well as patients’ inability to express their symptoms due to societal taboos surrounding menstrual health. Public sensitization on endometriosis may help improve endometriosis diagnosis and care in Africa.

Lay summary
Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue like the uterine lining is found outside the uterus, causing women to experience pain especially before, during, or after menstruation. Although endometriosis affects an estimated 176 million women worldwide, it has been wrongly reported that endometriosis is a rare condition among African women, mainly due to lack of awareness among healthcare providers and historical bias. In the current commentary, we discuss the prevalence of endometriosis, the diagnostic delays, and the care of endometriosis among black African women living in the African continent. Much of the literature has demonstrated (falsely) that endometriosis is rare in Black women compared to White ethnicity. African women experience a long diagnostic delay and do not receive appropriate care. Public awareness of endometriosis may help improve diagnosis delay and endometriosis care in Africa.
Hemicrania continua and Temporomandibular Disorders Co-Presentation. Case Report
Authors: Cervantes-Chavarría Andrés , Rojas-Guzmán Rebeca 
Published: September 2022

Hemicrania continua is an uncommon headache disorder that requires complete response to indomethacin for its diagnosis, that becomes on most of the cases chronic pain resilient to treatment. On the other hand, temporomandibular pain is very common on the general population and happens to be undiagnosed most of the time when headache or migraines are happening at the same time. In this case we aim to highlight the importance of treating all concomitant diagnosis for a better long-term prognosis. In this paper, a case of a 51-year-old male with chronic resilient facial pain is presented. The patient described right sided facial pain with six years of evolution that started with no triggers. The pain was described as constant bilateral pressure being worse on the right side, located on the temples, masseteric and preauricular areas; with an intensity of 6 on a scale of 0 to 10. It is accompanied by episodes of paroxysmal pulsating hemifacial pain with autonomic symptoms (rhinorrhea, conjunctival injections and lacrimation). The pain during exacerbations was located on the right periorbital and hemifacial area and with an intensity of 10 on a scale of 0 to 10, lasting a few minutes to more than 2 hours. After the clinical examination and pain history, the patient was given the diagnosis of hemicrania continua and masticatory myofascial pain. He was started on Indomethacin 25mg twice a day and started on temporomandibular therapy (self-care, jaw exercises, motivation and advice for stress management). Three months after the first evaluation the patient reported total resolution of his symptoms. The main goal of this article is to highlight that the presence of temporomandibular disorders is common in patients with headaches, for which it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive approach for both entities, which include the therapies for treating axis I diagnosis and behavioral management for axis II, this including most of the time a multidisciplinary human centered approach.