bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Seventh-Grade Students Experience the Complexity of Socioscientific Issues Through Decision Making on the Autonomous Vehicle Issue
Authors: Mun Jiyeong , Kim Mijung , Kim Sung-Won 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study investigates what perspectives younger students considered and how they experienced the complexity of multiple perspectives about autonomous vehicle issues. Over the course of 6 weeks, 28 seventh-grade Korean students participated in role-play and group discussion to understand different perspectives on the issue. We qualitatively analyzed students’ positions toward these issues before and after the class and their perspectives in group decision making. The results indicate that students showed anxiety toward artificial intelligence systems, thus opposing it. They also explained where their concerns about the new technology arose to justify their views and opposition. We also found different patterns when students experienced uneasiness and conflicts in a group decision-making process. The patterns can be classified as (1) exploring multiple perspectives for decision making and (2) experiencing conflicts in working toward group consensus. Implementations for incorporating diverse perspectives into teaching strategies are discussed.
AI-Integrated Science Teaching Through Facilitating Epistemic Discourse in the Classroom
Authors: Kim Won Jung 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We have entered the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which has brought widespread digital transformation with advanced and broadened technologies including artificial intelligence (AI). To help students prosper in a world full of AI applications, it is important for us to offer students sufficient AI-integrated learning opportunities across different subjects, including science. In this position paper, a pedagogical approach to AI-integrated science education through facilitating epistemic discourse is proposed. To establish a foundation for this integration, epistemic similarities and differences between how scientific knowledge is constructed and how AI agents learn are compared, referring to Chinn et al.’s (2014) epistemic cognition framework that attends to epistemic aims, ideals, and processes. Four bins of instructional strategies for facilitating epistemic discourse in AI-integrated science classrooms is suggested, which will help students more readily act as informed knowledge constructors, critics, and users of AI and science, who can pose questions that matter to their lives.
Exploring Indonesian Biology Teachers’ Perceptions and Attitudes Towards Socio-Scientific Issues-Based Instruction
Authors: Faisal  , Martin Sonya N. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Socio-scientific issues (SSIs)-based instruction is considered a potentially useful pedagogical approach for helping teachers to address the scientific literacy competencies outlined in the national curriculum. However, its effective implementation in the classroom requires teachers to have adequate pedagogical knowledge and skills. In this study, we engaged 45 pre- and in-service biology teachers in an 8-week SSIs teaching-oriented course. The course was designed to provide teachers with theoretical knowledge and practical SSIs teaching experience. Using data collected from the SSIs-based instruction questionnaire, interviews, and course assignments, we explored teachers’ perceptions and attitudes towards SSIs-based instruction. The results of quantitative and qualitative analysis indicated that teachers had a high awareness of some core aspects of SSIs-based instruction and perceived themselves as having sufficient knowledge about SSIs pedagogical aspects. Teachers also demonstrated positive attitudes and perceptions about SSIs-based instruction. However, teachers still recognized the challenges of the SSIs teaching implementation for biology teachers in Indonesian school contexts. Teachers considered factors such as curriculum requirements, teachers’ competency, and students’ characteristics as the SSIs teaching challenges. In addition, teachers expressed concerns about their capacity in managing the SSIs discussion activities.
A Strasbourg Story of Swords and Shields: National Courts’ Motives to Request an Advisory Opinion from the ECtHR Under Protocol 16
Authors: Glas Lize , Krommendijk Jasper 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article aims to answer the question: what motivates national courts (not) to make a request for an advisory opinion from the European Court of Human Rights under Protocol 16 (P16)? An initial answer is given based on literature on the echr and the EU preliminary ruling procedure. This article also conducts a case study on a most likely case for the use of P16 given the prominent role of the echr: the Netherlands. We conclude that the potential eagerness of national courts to use P16 is limited. The three identified different motives (legal, pragmatic, and politico-strategic) all point in the direction of timid courts foregoing a request based on P16. We therefore call on Strasbourg to sharpen the sword offered by P16 and discourage the inclination of national courts to arm themselves with sizeable shields to resist Strasbourg’s involvement.
Gauging Fidelity to an Implemented Teaching Model through the Lens of the Documentational Approach to Didactics
Authors: Ahl Linda Marie , Helenius Ola , Koljonen Tuula 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We examine the feasibility of combining elements from the framework of program theory with the Documentational Approach to Didactics to gauge the fidelity and character of teachers’ implementation of scripted teaching sequences for primary school. By analyzing two video-recorded lessons from two teachers’ implementation of the program Thinking, Reasoning, and Reckoning, we found that the teachers made adaptations to the prescribed organization of teaching. Both teachers attended to the intended organization of content, but their attendance to the intended classroom interaction patterns differed. Through the Documental Approach to Didactics, we could explain some of the differences between the teachers. The findings provide a background for a discussion of teachers’ adaptations to the new resource and the documental genesis process initiated by the implementation. The results will be used for revising the teacher guide used in the implementation.
The impact sheet to this article can be accessed at 10.6084/m9.figshare.19493891.
An Unpublished Illuminated Codex from Catalonia in the Vatican Library
Authors: Planas Josefina , Massolo Lola 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article presents an artistic analysis of BAV, Arch. Cap. S. Pietro. D. 184, containing pseudo-John Chrysostom’s Opus Imperfectum in Matthaeum. The manuscript contains a single portrait illustration on f. 1r, featuring St. John Chrysostom, author of homilies for Saint Mathew’s gospel, leaning on his desk writing his notes. This study, based solely on a philological approach, argues that this codex was illuminated by a Catalan miniaturist in the second quarter of the fifteenth century, as is clear from a comparison with other manuscripts illuminated in the Principality of Catalonia around the same time.
Global Assessment of the Capability of Satellite Precipitation Products to Retrieve Landslide-Triggering Extreme Rainfall Events
Authors: Marc Odin , Oliveira Romulo A. Jucá , Gosset Marielle , Emberson Robert , Malet Jean-Philippe 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Rainfall-induced landsliding is a global and systemic hazard that is likely to increase with the projections of increased frequency of extreme precipitation with current climate change. However, our ability to understand and mitigate landslide risk is strongly limited by the availability of relevant rainfall measurements in many landslide prone areas. In the last decade, global satellite multisensor precipitation products (SMPP) have been proposed as a solution, but very few studies have assessed their ability to adequately characterize rainfall events triggering landsliding. Here, we address this issue by testing the rainfall pattern retrieved by two SMPPs (IMERG and GSMaP) and one hybrid product [Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP)] against a large, global database of 20 comprehensive landslide inventories associated with well-identified storm events. We found that, after converting total rainfall amounts to an anomaly relative to the 10-yr return rainfall R*, the three products do retrieve the largest anomaly (of the last 20 years) during the major landslide event for many cases. However, the degree of spatial collocation of R* and landsliding varies from case to case and across products, and we often retrieved R* > 1 in years without reported landsliding. In addition, the few (four) landslide events caused by short and localized storms are most often undetected. We also show that, in at least five cases, the SMPP’s spatial pattern of rainfall anomaly matches landsliding less well than does ground-based radar rainfall pattern or lightning maps, underlining the limited accuracy of the SMPPs. We conclude on some potential avenues to improve SMPPs’ retrieval and their relation to landsliding.

Significance Statement
Rainfall-induced landsliding is a global hazard that is expected to increase as a result of anthropogenic climate change. Our ability to understand and mitigate this hazard is strongly limited by the lack of rainfall measurements in mountainous areas. Here, we perform the first global assessment of the potential of three high-resolution precipitation datasets, derived from satellite observations, to capture the rainfall characteristics of 20 storms that led to widespread landsliding. We find that, accounting for past extreme rainfall statistics (i.e., the rainfall returning every 10 years), most storms causing landslides are retrieved by the datasets. However, the shortest storms (i.e., ∼3 h) are often undetected, and the detailed spatial pattern of extreme rainfall often appears to be distorted. Our work opens new ways to study global landslide hazard but also warns against overinterpreting rainfall derived from satellites.
Extending the Heat Index
Authors: Lu Yi-Chuan , Romps David M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The heat index is a widely used measure of apparent temperature that accounts for the effects of humidity using Steadman’s model of human thermoregulation. Steadman’s model, however, gives unphysical results when the air is too hot and humid or too cold and dry, leading to an undefined heat index. For example, at a relative humidity of 80%, the heat index is only defined for temperatures in the range of 288–304 K (59°–88°F). Here, Steadman’s thermoregulation model is extended to define the heat index for all combinations of temperature and humidity, allowing for an assessment of Earth’s future habitability. The extended heat index can be mapped onto physiological responses of an idealized human, such as heat exhaustion, heat stroke, and even heat death, providing an indication of regional health outcomes for different degrees of global warming.

Significance Statement
The existing heat index is well-defined for most combinations of high temperature and humidity experienced on Earth in the preindustrial climate, but global warming is increasingly generating conditions for which the heat index is undefined. Therefore, an extension of the original heat index is needed. When extending the heat index, we use the same physiological model as in the original work of Steadman to ensure backward compatibility. Following Steadman, each value of the heat index is mapped onto a measurable physiological variable, which can be useful for assessing the health impacts of various combinations of temperature and humidity, especially for outdoor workers.
Effect of the Late-1990s Change in Tropical Forcing on Teleconnections to the Amundsen–Bellingshausen Seas Region during Austral Autumn
Authors: Guo Yuanyuan , Wen Zhiping , Zhu Yu , Chen Xiaodan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Tropical sea surface temperature (SST) and associated precipitation, acting as diabatic heat forcing, has far-reaching climatic impacts across the globe through exciting poleward-propagating Rossby waves. It is found that the leading mode of tropical Pacific forcing in austral autumn experiences a significant interdecadal shift from an eastern Pacific (EP) to a central Pacific (CP) type around the late 1990s. More specifically, the EP-type precipitation anomaly mode before 1998 drives a quadrupole-like teleconnection pathway emanating from the tropical Pacific to the Ross Sea and Amundsen–Bellingshausen Seas (ABS) region, whereas the CP-type mode after 1999 excites a Pacific–South American (PSA)-like teleconnection orienting along a great circle. Divergent flows induced by different precipitation anomaly modes primarily determine the generation of Rossby waves by means of the vortex stretching and vorticity advection processes. Furthermore, the synoptic high-frequency transient eddy activity along with its dynamic forcing effect differs greatly before and after 1998/99, contributing to different locations of the teleconnection lobes at mid- to high latitudes. In contrast, the subseasonal low-frequency transient eddy activity exerts a limited influence. Our findings also indicate that the EP-type (CP-type) tropical forcing mode could significantly modulate the zonal displacement (strength) of the Amundsen Sea low, which could lead to distinct climate responses of West Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula in austral autumn.
Patterns of Home and Community Based Service Use by Beneficiaries Enrolled in the Pennsylvania Medicaid Aging Waiver
Authors: Van Cleve Raymond , Degenholtz Howard B 
Published: May 2022

Background: This study examines multiple services are used across a population and the association between type and amount of services use with level of disability and living arrangement. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional analysis examining HCBS use among older Pennsylvanians from 2014 to 2016 enrolled in Pennsylvania’s 1915(c) waiver program. Data were derived from Medicaid claims. Logistic regression and OLS regression were used to examine the association between service use and level of disability, controlling for age, gender, race, and other covariates. Results: People with Alzheimer’s or a related dementia were more likely to use adult day care. People with higher ADL and IADL limitations were more likely to use higher amounts of PAS and less likely to have delivered meals. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate HCBS is a complex package of services that are allocated regarding the level of need and resources available to individual program participants.
Association between excessive alcohol consumption and hypertension control in hypertensive patients
Authors: Hwang Sinwoo , Choi Jae Woo 
Published: May 2022

Objectives The purposes of this study were to investigate the association between excessive alcohol consumption and control of hypertension and the associations stratified by sex, age, and duration of hypertension among Korean adults who were diagnosed with hypertension under medication. Methods This study was cross-sectional design with a secondary data analysis using national data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey (KNHANES) collected from 2013 to 2018, including 4278 participants who were diagnosed with hypertension under medication. A multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the associations between excessive alcohol consumption and hypertension control while controlling for potential confounding variables. Results The hypertensive patients who consumed excessive alcohol were more associated with uncontrolled hypertension (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.04–1.65) than those who do not consumed excessive alcohol. Specially, Excessive consumption of alcohol in men and young adults (<65 years) and short duration of hypertension (<5 years) were significantly more associated with uncontrolled hypertension compared to their counterparts. Discussion To improve blood pressure (BP) control in hypertensive patients, healthcare plan should be focused to modifiable risk factors and the intervention for unhealthy alcohol consumption should be part of comprehensive treatment for hypertension.
Perspectives of autistic adults on the strategies that help or hinder successful conversations
Authors: Silver Kate , Parsons Sarah 
Published: May 2022

Background & aims There is increasing recognition of the importance of challenging deficit-focused, medical model approaches to supporting autistic people in daily life, however there is a lack of inclusion of autistic perspectives to inform approaches that may empower autistic people in conversations. Methods This multiple case study used a participatory approach to explore the conversation experiences and exchange in dyads of five autistic and five non-autistic adults over four to 12 months. The study was grounded in the perspectives of autistic people through a series of semi-structured interviews, observations, reflective conversations, and diary records. Results The findings focus on autistic participants’ existing knowledge of conversations that they reported could be useful to them, including the communication environment, and type and structure of talk. The study also helped participants to identify and use previously unrecognised metacognitive abilities (what they already knew about conversations) within naturalistic interactive contexts. Conclusions These findings provide novel insights as to how the ‘interactional expertise’ of non-autistic people could be strengthened to enable the effective contribution of the voices of autistic people in everyday conversations. Implications The identification and use of successful conversation strategies identified by autistic adults gave them a greater sense of empowerment within the conversation based on their accounts of their experiences. Understanding these strategies has valuable implications for staff training, for working with families and for learning by autistic adults.
Frequency and types of clusters of major chronic diseases in 0.5 million adults in urban and rural China
Authors: Hariri Parisa , Clarke Robert , Bragg Fiona , Chen Yiping , Guo Yu , Yang Ling , Lv Jun , Yu Canqing , Li Liming , Chen Zhengming , Bennett Derrick A ,   on behalf of the China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group
Published: May 2022

Background Little is known about the frequency and types of disease clusters involving major chronic diseases that contribute to multimorbidity in China. We examined the frequency of disease clusters involving major chronic diseases and their relationship with age and socioeconomic status in 0.5 million Chinese adults. Methods Multimorbidity was defined as the presence of at least two or more of five major chronic diseases: stroke, ischaemic heart disease (IHD), diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cancer. Multimorbid disease clusters were estimated using both self-reported doctor-diagnosed diseases at enrolment and incident cases during 10-year follow-up. Frequency of multimorbidity was assessed overall and by age, sex, region, education and income. Association rule mining (ARM) and latent class analysis (LCA) were used to assess clusters of the five major diseases. Results Overall, 11% of Chinese adults had two or more major chronic diseases, and the frequency increased with age (11%, 24% and 33% at age 50–59, 60–69 and 70–79 years, respectively). Multimorbidity was more common in men than women (12% vs 11%) and in those living in urban than in rural areas (12% vs 10%), and was inversely related to levels of education. Stroke and IHD were the most frequent combinations, followed by diabetes and stroke. The patterns of self-reported disease clusters at baseline were similar to those that were recorded during the first 10 years of follow-up. Conclusions Cardiometabolic and cardiorespiratory diseases were most common disease clusters. Understanding the nature of such clusters could have implications for future prevention strategies.
Rotation Angle Control Strategy for Telescopic Flexible Manipulator Based on a Combination of Fuzzy Adjustment and RBF Neural Network
Authors: Shang Dongyang , Li Xiaopeng , Yin Meng , Li Fanjie , Wen Bangchun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe length of flexible manipulators with a telescopic arm alters during movement. The dynamic parameters of telescopic flexible manipulators exhibit significant time-varying characteristics owing to variations in length. With an increase in the manipulators’ length, the nonlinear terms caused by flexibility in the manipulators’ dynamic equations cannot be ignored. The time-varying characteristics and nonlinear terms of telescopic flexible manipulators cause fluctuations in rotation angles, which affect the operation accuracy of end-effectors. In this study, a control strategy based on a combination of fuzzy adjustment and an RBF neural network is utilized to improve the control accuracy of flexible telescopic manipulators. First, the dynamic equation of the manipulators is established using the assumed mode method and Lagrange’s principle, and the influence of nonlinear terms is analyzed. Subsequently, a combined control strategy is proposed to suppress the fluctuation of the rotation angle in telescopic flexible manipulators. The variation ranges of the feedforward PD controller parameters are determined by the pole placement strategy and length of the manipulators. Fuzzy rules are utilized to adjust the controller parameters in real-time. The RBF neural network is utilized to identify and compensate the uncertain part of the dynamic model of the flexible manipulators. The uncertain part comprises time-varying parameters and nonlinear terms. Finally, numerical simulations and prototype experiments prove the effectiveness of the combined control strategy. The results prove that the proposed control strategy has a smaller standard deviation of errors. Therefore, the combined control strategy is more suitable for telescopic flexible manipulators, which can effectively improve the control accuracy of rotation angles.