bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Squeezed MHD tangent hyperbolic fluid flow across a sensor surface
Authors: Sagheer M. , Atif S. M. , Hussain S. , Rehman H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the present numerical study, the combined effect of temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity, linear thermal radiation, and magnetic effect on shear‐thinning tangent hyperbolic fluid past a sensor surface has been studied. After converting the modelled partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation, the system of equations is tackled with the aid of the shooting method. The influence of important parameters on the fluid motion and energy distribution is displayed graphically and analyzed in detail. The presented simulations depict that a significant rise in fluid velocity is noticed for an enhancement in the magnetic parameter while an opposite trend is observed for the temperature distribution. Moreover, the skin friction coefficient decreases as the squeezed flow index is increased.
Target Values and Daytime Variation of Bone Turnover Markers in Monitoring Osteoporosis Treatment After Fractures
Authors: Borgen Tove T , Solberg Lene B , Lauritzen Trine , Apalset Ellen M , Bjørnerem Åshild , Eriksen Erik F 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThe serum bone turnover markers (BTM) procollagen type 1 N‐terminal propeptide (P1NP) and C‐terminal cross‐linking telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) are recommended for monitoring adherence and response of antiresorptive drugs (ARD). BTM are elevated about 1 year after fracture and therefore BTM target values are most convenient in ARD treatment follow‐up of fracture patients. In this prospective cohort study, we explored the cut‐off values of P1NP and CTX showing the best discriminating ability with respect to adherence and treatment effects, reflected in bone mineral density (BMD) changes. Furthermore, we explored the ability of BTM to predict subsequent fractures and BTM variation during daytime in patients using ARD or not. After a fragility fracture, 228 consenting patients (82.2% women) were evaluated for ARD indication and followed for a mean of 4.6 years (SD 0.5 years). BMD was measured at baseline and after 2 years. Serum BTM were measured after 1 or 2 years. The largest area under the curve (AUC) for discrimination of patients taking ARD or not was shown for P1NP <30 μg/L and CTX <0.25 μg/L. AUC for discrimination of patients with >2% gain in BMD (lumbar spine and total hip) was largest at cut‐off values for P1NP <30 μg/L and CTX <0.25 μg/L. Higher P1NP was associated with increased fracture risk in patients using ARD (hazard ratio [HR]logP1NP = 15.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.7–83.3), p = 0.002. P1NP and CTX were stable during daytime, except in those patients not taking ARD, where CTX decreased by 21% per hour during daytime. In conclusion, P1NP <30 μg/L and CTX <0.25 μg/L yield the best discrimination between patients taking and not taking ARD and the best prediction of BMD gains after 2 years. Furthermore, higher P1NP is associated with increased fracture risk in patients on ARD. BTM can be measured at any time during the day in patients on ARD. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Comparison of ultrasound and dorsal tangential view for dorsal cortex screw penetration in volar plating of the distal radius
Authors: Yang Jui‐Ming , Wang Chien‐Kuo , Lin Wei‐Chin , Li Chung‐Yi , Su Fong‐Chin , Jou I‐Ming , Wu Po‐Ting 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe compared the accuracy of the fluoroscopic dorsal tangential view (DTV) and an ultrasound (US) examination in detecting dorsal screw penetration during volar distal radius plating. In six fresh cadaveric distal radii, seven periarticular locking screws in two rows for each plate were inserted according to the measured length using a depth gauge and then replaced with another that was 1 and 2 mm longer, respectively. The actual protruded length of each screw was determined using computed tomography (CT) images. The accuracy of US and DTV measurements was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), as both measurements were compared with CT measurements. The ICC of US and DTV was 0.96 and 0.75, respectively, for all screws. After excluding the data for proximal‐row screws, the ICC of US remained unchanged at 0.96, and that of DTV improved to 0.86. The ICC of US was significantly higher than that of DTV (p < 0.01). US had a 100% detection rate for screw protrusion of more than 1.0 mm. US examination showed excellent consistency with CT measurements and its accuracy was not affected by screw location. US might thus be a practical tool for detecting dorsal cortex screw penetration during volar distal radius plating.
A Novel Co‐existence of Spinocerebellar Ataxia 1 and Spinocerebellar Ataxia 2 Mutations in Indian Patients
Authors: Sharma Pooja , Sonakar Akhilesh K. , Goel Vinay , Garg Ajay , Srivastava Achal K. , Faruq Mohammed 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundSpinocerebellar ataxia 1 (SCA1) and SCA2 are dominantly inherited ataxias caused due to CAG expansion mutation in ATXN1 (CAG≥39) and ATXN2 (CAG≥32) genes located at 6p22.3 and 12q24.12 loci, respectively, with key manifestations of progressive limb and gait ataxia and with or without brain stem and pyramidal tract involvement. Both SCA1 and SCA2 are quite prevalent subtypes among the SCAs. There are very few reports that describe a combinatorial SCA subtype mutation in a single patient.CasesHere, we report a novel co‐occurrence of SCA1 and SCA2 mutations in two unrelated patients. Case‐1 was observed to carry ATXN1‐CAG (30/40) and ATXN2‐CAG (23/45), while case‐2 harbored ATXN1‐CAG (29/42) and ATXN2‐CAG (23/41). Overall, the clinical outcome was complex with probable early onset than expected in Case‐1 and in Case‐2, we observed a significant delayed onset of the disease than expected.ConclusionThese cases highlight the probabilistic interactive outcome of two unrelated genetic events towards a converging phenotype.
Seismic delineation of the gold‐bearing structures in the South Rand goldfield (South Africa): A comparison of pre‐stack time and depth migration approaches on legacy seismic data
Authors: Sihoyiya Mpofana , Manzi Musa S.D. , James Ian , Rapetsoa Moyagabo K. , Westgate Michael , Nwaila Glen , Linzer Lindsay , Durrheim Raymond J. , Staley Philip 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTTo better image complex geological structures and explore for the gold‐bearing quartz pebble conglomerate (locally termed Kimberley Reef) near Burnstone mine in the South Rand goldfield (South Africa), we reprocessed legacy 2D reflection seismic data using up‐to‐date seismic processing algorithms. The mining region is dominated by steeply dipping normal and reverse faults, as well as dolerite intrusions that crosscut the tabular gold mineralization and complicate the extraction of the ore. The legacy seismic data were acquired in 1993 in the South Rand goldfield as part of the gold exploration programme by the Gold Division of Anglo‐American Corporation. The pre‐stack data quality was improved by cautiously removing noise and applying static corrections to enhance the continuity of the reflection events. Improved structural imaging was then achieved using pre‐stack time migration and pre‐stack depth migration through careful velocity analysis. In particular, pre‐stack depth migration provided better imaging of near‐surface stratigraphic units and deep‐seated complex structures, relative to older post‐stack migrated images produced in 1993. Other reprocessing improvements included accurate imaging of key seismic reflective interfaces that can be used as proxies to 2D map the gold deposit, its dip variations, and geological structures (faults/dykes) crosscutting it. Synthetic shot gathers data computed using a 2D finite‐difference algorithm provided some insight into the source of seismic reflectivity observed on the reprocessed seismic data. The new structural information from reprocessing is essential for enhancing ore resource evaluation and guiding future exploration projects in the region.
Diagnosis, monitoring, and management of pyruvate kinase deficiency in children
Authors: Johnson Shaniqua , Grace Rachael F. , Despotovic Jenny M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency is a rare, congenital red blood cell disorder caused by a single gene defect. The spectrum of genotypes, variants, and phenotypes are broad, commonly requiring a multimodal approach including enzyme and genetic testing for accurate and reliable diagnosis. Similarly, management of primary and secondary sequelae of PK deficiency varies, mainly including supportive care with transfusions and surgical interventions to improve symptoms and quality of life. Given the risk of acute and long‐term complications of PK deficiency and its treatment, regular monitoring and management of iron burden and organ dysfunction is critical. Therefore, all children and adolescents with PK deficiency should receive regular hematology care with visits at least every 6 months regardless of transfusion status. We continue to learn more about the spectrum of symptoms and complications of PK deficiency and best practice for monitoring and management through registry efforts (NCT03481738). The treatment of PK deficiency has made strides over the last few years with newer disease‐modifying therapies being developed and studied, with the potential to change the course of disease in childhood and beyond.
Self‐healable electromagnetic interference shielding composite films with temperature and strain dual responsiveness
Authors: Yang Wen , Tong Qingdong , Li Yuqing , Li Qianqian , Zheng Qiannan , Hao Wentao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResponsive films have attracted much attention in recent years for their great potentials in actuators, smart devices, robots, communication and anti‐counterfeit, and so on. In this work, multifunctional films combining self‐healing, responsiveness, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding ability are successfully fabricated via incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), which is dynamically crosslinked by boric acid (BA). The HTPB‐BA substrate shows excellent self‐healing ability at room temperature, which facilitates the autonomous recovery of electric conductivity and mechanical strength of the composite films. Dual responsiveness to temperature and strain are found for these composite films that the electric resistance actively changes in responding to variation of temperature and strain. More encouragingly, the composite films have excellent EMI shielding ability that the effectiveness is beyond 28 dB, satisfying the commercial application. The EMI shielding efficiency is responsive to temperatures too. These responsive, EMI shielding, and self‐healable composite films may offer promising and broad prospects in the field of flexible electronics and protection of sensitive instruments.
Differentiating pulmonary hypertension associated with protein kinase inhibitors
Authors: Jacobs Joshua A. , Jahangir Eiman , Ryan John J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProtein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) have been implicated in pulmonary vascular toxicities including risk factors for at least three of the five World Health Organization groups of pulmonary hypertension (PH). These toxicities include direct drug‐induced pulmonary arterial hypertension, an increase in cardiomyopathies, and an increase in interstitial lung disease. On‐ and off‐target toxicities are common within multitargeted PKIs leading to cardiopulmonary toxicities. This review highlights the incidence, possible mechanisms, and management strategies for each group of possible PKI‐induced PH. Future identification and clarification of protein kinase pathways for both mechanisms of toxicity and pathophysiology for PH could lead to improvements in patient care in oncology and pulmonary vascular diseases.
Pacific subsurface temperature as a long‐range indicator of El Niño, regional precipitation, and fire
Authors: Tsui Enoch Yan Lok , Toumi Ralf 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe SubNiño4 index based on the subsurface potential temperature around the thermocline beneath the west Pacific warm pool, the Niño 4 region, is examined as a long‐range indicator of the surface El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and ENSO‐driven atmospheric response. The SubNiño4 index captures the evolution of subsurface ocean heat content between the El Niño and La Niña phases of the ENSO cycle, allowing it to serve as a long‐range indicator of surface ENSO and hence also many ENSO‐driven atmospheric anomalies. The SubNiño4 index has more temporally stable correlations with Niño 3.4 than the widely used western equatorial Pacific warm‐water volume indicator. For a lead time of the order of 12 months, Niño 3.4 correlations afforded by the lead observed SubNiño4 index become similar to and can exceed those produced by typical dynamical ENSO predictions. The value and viability of the SubNiño4 index as a simple statistical long‐range indicator of ENSO‐driven atmospheric response is shown for regional precipitation anomalies throughout the Tropics and fires in Continental and Maritime Southeast Asia.
Advanced atypical lung carcinoid tumour successfully treated with carboplatin, etoposide and atezolizumab: A case report
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihiro , Ijichi Kayo , Koike Ai , Nakamura Satoshi , Takahata Yuriko , Okamatsu Yuki , Fujita Akitaka , Kawakami Satoru , Harada Taishi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAtypical carcinoid tumours are relatively rare among lung cancers. Surgery is regarded as standard treatment for localized cases, but there is little established evidence on treatment strategies for advanced cases. Moreover, the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced carcinoid tumours is unclear. Here, we report a case of a patient with an atypical carcinoid tumour in whom successful disease control was achieved with the use of combined cytotoxic chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
Fatigue behaviour of composite girders with composite dowels assuming randomly distributed input parameters
Authors: Wolters Kevin , Nonn Jonas , Rittich Nils 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNominated for Eurosteel 2021 Best Paper AwardThe fatigue design of shear connectors for composite girders is based on fatigue strength curves (with 95% survival probability) derived from tests with one or just a few connectors. According to the Eurocodes, the lifetime of a girder can then be limited by failure of the shear connector with the highest fatigue utilization. The failure probability of a component is thus determined by the failure probability of one shear stud or composite dowel, although a composite girder is an internally highly statically indeterminate system with the capability of redistributing forces in the composite joint. This paper outlines how considering crack propagation, the residual capacity of shear connectors with cracks and the redistribution of forces towards less stressed and damaged connectors can have positive effects on the lifetime of a girder. The failure probability of a girder is determined by several Monte Carlo simulations using a simplified FE lamella model with incremental calculation of the degradation of the connectors. The input parameters with the greatest influence on the fatigue behaviour of the girder are evaluated. Furthermore, the results show the economic potential of a future global safety concept for composite girders, especially those with composite dowels.
Additive manufacturing of a bridge in situ
Authors: Feucht Thilo , Waldschmitt Benedikt , Lange Jörg , Erven Maren 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNominated for Eurosteel 2021 Best Paper AwardAdditive manufacturing (AM) is playing an increasing role in the production of complex steel structures. Robot‐ or machine‐guided gas‐shielded metal arc welding (GMAW), known as wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), is suitable for this purpose. A small footbridge was designed in shell form at TU Darmstadt. It was completely additively manufactured over a stream on site using a welding robot. The work called for cantilevered manufacturing without support structures, which poses special challenges in manufacturing. This paper describes selected aspects of this project: the preliminary strength studies, the manufacturing strategy to ensure homogeneous manufacturing and the findings from on‐site manufacturing. In addition, investigations were carried out which led to a notable increase in the deposition rate with the right choice of gas and wire.
High pressure torsion, a large‐scale manufacturing tool for high ZT skutterudite thermoelectrics
Authors: Rogl Gerda , Rogl Peter F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor mass production of thermoelectric generators, a cheap/sustainable method is required to fabricate leg material with a high figure of merit, ZT. Severe plastic deformation, SPD, increases the defect density, and in parallel decreases the grains to nano‐size. SPD via high‐pressure torsion, HPT, was used to process hot pressed discs, whereby the Seebeck coefficient remained unchanged and the enhanced electrical resistivity was overcompensated by a low thermal conductivity, resulting in a raise of ZT. Secondly, cold pressed commercial p‐ and n‐type skutterudite‐powder was deformed via HPT, exhibiting higher ZT values than the hot‐pressed reference samples. This method was upscaled to samples of 30 mm diameter (heights: 1 mm, 8 mm). These large samples, enabled to study the influence of shear strain with all its impact on micro‐structural, physical and mechanical properties, revealing for the thin samples record high ZTs. Both thick samples showed homogeneous properties and ZTs∼1.3.
The alkali metal copper(II) oxidotellurates(IV) Li2Cu2Te3O9, Li2Cu3Te4O12, Rb2Cu3Te6O16 and Cs2Cu3Te6O16 – four new structure types
Authors: Eder Felix , Weil Matthias 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFour new MI/CuII/TeIV/O phases were obtained under hydrothermal conditions or with water as a mineralizer, and their crystal structures determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Li2Cu2Te3O9 comprises trigonal‐pyramidal [TeO3], distorted tetrahedral [LiO4] and distorted square‐pyramidal [CuO5] units, forming a framework penetrated by channels into which the electron lone pairs of the TeIV atoms are directed. Li2Cu3Te4O12 contains isolated trigonal‐pyramidal [TeO3] units, tetrahedral [LiO4] groups forming [Li2O6] dimers by sharing an edge, as well as square‐planar [CuO4] and square‐pyramidal [CuO5] units, forming
[Cu3O10] chains oriented parallel to [100]. These units also form a framework structure with channels where the electron lone pairs reside. Rb2Cu3Te6O16 and Cs2Cu3Te6O16 have isopointal crystal structures containing isolated [TeO3] groups and
[Te4O10] chains oriented parallel to [010]. While in Rb2Cu3Te6O16 both Cu sites are 4‐coordinate in form of nearly square‐planar [CuO4] units, in Cs2Cu3Te6O16 one Cu site has a fifth oxygen contact resulting in a distorted square‐pyramidal [CuO5] polyhedron. Both crystal structures are made up from two alternating layer types stacked along [100]. The differences between Rb2Cu3Te6O16 and Cs2Cu3Te6O16 originate almost exclusively from the layer type consisting of the 5‐coordinate Cu site in Cs2Cu3Te6O16, while the other layer type shows almost no difference. A quantitative comparison between the two crystal structures is given.
A Kalman Filter with the Roessler Model
Authors: Evensen Geir , Vossepoel Femke C. , van Leeuwen Peter Jan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we discuss an application of the Kalman filter on simple systems to study its behavior in linear and nonlinear situations. We will use the Roessler model, which we can configure both as a linear and nonlinear system. We start with the linear system, for which the Kalman filter provides an exact and optimal solution, and then study the extended Kalman filter’s performance in the nonlinear system.
Representer Method with an Ekman-Flow Model
Authors: Evensen Geir , Vossepoel Femke C. , van Leeuwen Peter Jan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEknes and Evensen
(1997) solved the weak-constraint variational problem for a linear Ekman-flow model using the representer method. They computed the weak constraint solution for a long time series of velocity measurements. Additionally, they considered a parameter-estimation problem which rendered the problem nonlinear.
Self-dual U(1) lattice field theory with a θ-term
Authors: Anosova Mariia , Gattringer Christof , Sulejmanpasic Tin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We study U(1) gauge theories with a modified Villain action. Such theories can naturally be coupled to electric and magnetic matter, and display exact electric-magnetic duality. In their simplest formulation without a θ-term, such theories are ultra-local. We extend the discussion to U(1) gauge theories with θ-terms, such that θ periodicity is exact for a free theory, and show that imposing electric-magnetic duality results in a local, but not ultra-local lattice action, which is reminiscent of the Lüscher construction of axial- symmetry preserving fermions in 4d. We discuss the coupling to electric and magnetic matter as well as to dyons. For dyonic matter the electric-magnetic duality and shifts of the θ-angle by 2π together generate an SL(2, ℤ) duality group of transformations, just like in the continuum. We finally illustrate how the SL(2, ℤ) duality may be used to explore theories at finite θ without a sign problem.
Light-cone cuts and hole-ography: explicit reconstruction of bulk metrics
Authors: Takeda Daichi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the two reconstruction methods, light-cone cuts method and hole-ography, are combined to provide complete bulk metrics of locally AdS3 static spacetimes. As examples, our method is applied to the geometries of pure AdS3, AdS3 soliton, and BTZ black hole, and we see them successfully reconstructed. The light-cone cuts method is known to have difficulty in obtaining conformal factors, while the hole-ography in describing temporal components. Combining the two methods, we overcome the disadvantages and give complete metrics for a class of holographic theories such that entanglement wedge and causal wedge coincide. Light-cone cuts are identified by entanglement entropy in our method. We expect our study to lead to the discovery of a universal relation between the two methods, by which the combination would be applied to more generic cases.
ON ALPERIN’S LOWER BOUND FOR THE NUMBER OF BRAUER CHARACTERS
Authors: MALLE GUNTER , NAVARRO GABRIEL , TIEP PHAM HUU 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe prove that the number of conjugacy classes of a finite group G consisting of elements of odd order, is larger than or equal to that number for the normaliser of a Sylow 2-subgroup of G. This is predicted by the Alperin Weight Conjecture.