bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POD-Galerkin reduced order models and physics-informed neural networks for solving inverse problems for the Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Hijazi Saddam N Y , Freitag Melina , Landwehr Niels 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present a Reduced Order Model (ROM) which exploits recent developments in Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) for solving inverse problems for the Navier–Stokes equations (NSE). In the proposed approach, the presence of simulated data for the fluid dynamics fields is assumed. A POD-Galerkin ROM is then constructed by applying POD on the snapshots matrices of the fluid fields and performing a Galerkin projection of the NSE (or the modified equations in case of turbulence modeling) onto the POD reduced basis. A POD-Galerkin PINN ROM is then derived by introducing deep neural networks which approximate the reduced outputs with the input being time and/or parameters of the model. The neural networks incorporate the physical equations (the POD-Galerkin reduced equations) into their structure as part of the loss function. Using this approach, the reduced model is able to approximate unknown parameters such as physical constants or the boundary conditions. A demonstration of the applicability of the proposed ROM is illustrated by three cases which are the steady flow around a backward step, the flow around a circular cylinder and the unsteady turbulent flow around a surface mounted cubic obstacle.
Vascular malperfusion and abruption are prevalent in placentas from pregnancies with congenital heart disease and not associated with cardiovascular risk
Authors: Altendahl Marie , Mok Thalia , Adinkpayah Ekene , Goldstein Jeffrey , Lin Jeannette , Afshar Yalda 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes, plausibly through mechanisms involving abnormal placental development and function. This retrospective study aims to elucidate how maternal CHD influences placental health and fetal growth. Demographic and clinical information were collected via electronic medical record review and placentas underwent histopathological evaluation. Fifty-three singleton pregnancies over the study period were included: 23 (43%) participants were classified as lower cardiovascular risk (modified World Health Organization (mWHO) I, II) and 30 (57%) were classified as higher cardiovascular risk (mWHO II-III, III, IV) using the modified WHO classification. 12 participants (23%) had a fetus with small for gestational age (SGA). Maternal vascular malperfusion (53%), placental abruption (11.6%), and evidence of infection (26%) were common in this cohort, with prevalence above baseline risk. Participants with mWHO I or II did not significantly differ in placental findings compared to those with mWHO II-III, III, or IV (p>0.05). In pregnancies with maternal CHD, SGA and histologic evidence of maternal vascular malperfusion, and placental abruption were common, though patients with higher cardiovascular risk (mWHO II-III, III, IV) did not show evidence of worsened placental health or fetal growth compared to those with lower risk (mWHO I, II).
Moderating effects of age on the relationship between physical functional decline and depressive mood postacute care in Japanese older hospitalized patients
Authors: Shinozaki Mio , Gondo Yasuyuki , Satake Shosuke , Tanimoto Masanori , Yamaoka Akiko , Takemura Marie , Kondo Izumi , Arahata Yutaka 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: There are no consistent findings on the relationship between physical health loss and mental health in highly frail older adults. This study aimed to clarify whether mental health is preserved in older patients with advanced frailty and whether aging is advantageous for psychological adjustment to physical health loss.Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from 590 hospitalized patients aged 65 years or older immediately after their transfer from an acute care ward to a community-based integrated care ward. Depressive mood, postacute care objective physical function, self-rated physical health, and cognitive function were assessed through established questionnaires and observation, whereas the preadmission objective physical function was assessed by family members. After conducting a one-way analysis of variance and correlation analysis by age groups for the main variables, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted with depressive mood as the dependent variable, health-related variables (objective physical function and self-rated physical health) as independent variables, age as a moderator variable, and cognitive function and preadmission objective physical function as control variables.Results: The mean score for depressive mood was 6.7 ± 3.8. Depressive mood showed a significant negative correlation with objective physical function in the younger age groups but no association was found between them in the older age groups. Moreover, there was a moderating effect of age on the relationship between health-related variables (objective physical function and self-rated physical health) and depressive mood. As physical function declined, depressive mood increased in younger patients, but no such association was found in older patients. Additionally, the higher self-rated physical health was associated with a lower depressive mood, but the association was stronger for older patients.Conclusions: The increasing depressive mood was inevitable in frail older patients after acute care. The finding, however, revealed that age has a moderating effect on the relationship between physical functional decline and depressive mood, indicating that aging is advantageous for their psychological adjustment to physical health loss in frail older adults.
Experimental research on new hole-making method assisted with asynchronous mixed frequency vibration in TiBw/TC4 composites
Authors: Zhou Haojie , Feng Yong , Xu Weiwei , Zhou Zhiyuan , Qin Yuyan , Jia Xiaolin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
With the gradual promotion and the application of difficult-to-machine materials such as titanium matrix composites in the aerospace field, high-quality hole-making technology has become a major demand in aviation manufacturing. In order to improve the hole-making quality of TiBw/TC4 composites, asynchronous mixed frequency vibration assisted hole-making (AMFVAHM) method is proposed. The process consists of two steps which are base hole drilling assisted with ultrasonic vibration (UVAD) and hole expansion by helical milling assisted with low-frequency torsional vibration (LFTVAHM). Based on this process, the cutting trajectory modeling is established, and the hole-making experiment on TiBw/TC4 composites is conducted. The experimental data shows that the maximum XY-plane average milling force decreases by 30.96 % and the maximum axial average milling force decreases by 24.49 % compared with conventional helical milling (HM) when the torsional vibration frequency and the milling frequency are the same in LFTVAHM. The hole-making experiment shows that AMFVAHM can reduce the chip size, tool wear and some other defects such as entrance/exit burrs, scratches and fractures of the hole wall. Comparing with HM and UVAD, the verticality of hole wall increases by 71.43 % and 86.21 %, the inlet damage decreases by 27.98 % and 31.60 %, the outlet damage decreases by 2.80 % and 14.47 %, the hole wall roughness (Ra) decreases by 36.29 % and 63.43 %, and the maximum white layer thickness decreases by 19.99 % and 67.66 %. Meanwhile, AMFVAHM process not only reduces the cutting force and cutting temperature, but also improves the hole-making quality due to the fretting friction effect of LFTVAHM in secondary hole expansion, which meets the need of high-quality hole-making of difficult-to-machine materials in practical engineering applications.
Molecular analyses of chorionic-type intermediate trophoblastic lesions: Atypical placental site nodules are closer to placental site nodules than epithelioid trophoblastic tumors
Authors: Jeremie Gaspard , Allias Fabienne , Trecourt Alexis , Gaillot-Durand Lucie , Bolze Pierre-Adrian , DESCOTES Françoise , TONDEUR Garance , Perrot Jimmy , Hajri Touria , YOU Benoit , GOLFIER François , Lopez Jonathan , Devouassoux-Shisheboran Mojgan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Gestational trophoblastic diseases derived from the chorionic-type intermediate trophoblast include benign placental site nodule (PSN) and malignant epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT). Among PSN, the WHO classification introduced a new entity named atypical placental site nodule (APSN), corresponding to an ETT precursor, for which the diagnostic criteria remain unclear, leading to a risk of over-diagnosis and difficulties in patient management. We retrospectively studied 8 PSN, 7 APSN and 8 ETT to better characterize this new entity. We performed an immunohistochemical analysis (p63, hPL, Cyclin E, and Ki67), a transcriptional analysis using the Nanostring method to quantify the expression of 760 genes involved in the main tumorigenesis pathways, and a RNA sequencing to identify fusion transcripts. The immunohistochemical analysis did not reveal any significant difference in Cyclin E expression between the three groups (p = 0.476), whereas the Ki67 index was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in ETT compared to APSN and PSN samples. None of the APSN samples harbored the LPCAT1-TERT fusion transcripts previously reported in ETT. The transcriptomic analysis allowed robust clustering of ETT distinct from the APSN/PSN group but failed to distinguish APSN from PSN. Indeed, only seven genes were differentially-expressed between PSN and APSN samples, CCL19 upregulation and EPCAM downregulation were the most discriminating features of APSN. In contrast, 80 genes discriminated ETT from APSN, establishing a molecular signature for ETT. Gene set analysis identified significant enrichments in the DNA damage repair, immortality and stemness, and cell cycle signaling pathways when comparing ETT and APSN. These results suggested that APSN might not represent a distinct entity but rather a variant of PSN or a transitional stage between PSN and ETT. RNA sequencing and the transcriptional signature of ETT described herein could serve as triage for APSN from curettage or biopsy material, enabling the identification of the cases that need further clinical investigations.
Efficacy of a Probiotic and Herbal Supplement in Models of Lung Inflammation
Authors: Wenger Nancy M. , Qiao Luhua , Nicola Teodora , Nizami Zoha , Xu Xin , Willis Kent A. , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Gaggar Amit , Lal Charitharth Vivek 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Gut microbiome dysbiosis is associated with lung disease through the gut-lung axis. Abundant proteobacteria increase MMP-9 and contribute to tissue proteolysis followed by neutrophil recruitment, lung tissue injury, and perpetuation of chronic lung disease. We sought to determine if a scientifically formulated probiotic and herbal supplement could attenuate neutrophilic inflammation and improve lung structure and function in models of lung inflammation.
Methods
For in vitro experiments, epithelial cells exposed to proteobacteria were treated with resB – a blend of three probiotic Lactobacillus strains and turmeric, holy basil, and vasaka herbal extracts. For in vivo experimentation, mice exposed to pulmonary proteobacteria-derived lipopolysaccharide were treated by gavage with resB.
Results
In vitro, the bacterial and herbal components of resB decreased activity of the MMP-9 pathway. Mice exposed to LPS and pre- and post-treated with resB had decreased neutrophil recruitment and inflammatory biomarkers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, serum, and lung tissue compared to untreated mice.
Conclusions
This study describes the mechanisms and efficacy of probiotic and herbal blend in pre-clinical models of lung injury and inflammation.
Characterizing the landscape of viral expression in cancer by deep learning
Authors: Elbasir Abdurrahman , Ye Ying , Schäffer Daniel , Hao Xue , Wickramasinghe Jayamanna , Lieberman Paul , Morris Quaid , Zhang Rugang , Schäffer Alejandro , Auslander Noam 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
About 15% of human cancer cases are attributed to viral infections. To date, virus expression in tumor tissues has been mostly studied by aligning tumor RNA sequencing reads to databases of known viruses. To allow identification of divergent viruses and rapid characterization of the tumor virome, we developed viRNAtrap, an alignment-free pipeline to identify viral reads and assemble viral contigs. We apply viRNAtrap, which is based on a deep learning model trained to discriminate viral RNAseq reads, to 14 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We find that expression of exogenous cancer viruses is associated with better overall survival. In contrast, expression of human endogenous viruses is associated with worse overall survival. Using viRNAtrap, we uncover expression of unexpected and divergent viruses that have not previously been implicated in cancer. The viRNAtrap pipeline provides a way forward to study viral infections associated with different clinical conditions.
LINC01798/miR-17-5p axis regulates ITGA8 and causes changes in tumor microenvironment and stemness in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Xuanguang , Zhu Guangsheng , Li Yongwen , Huang Hua , Wu Di , cao Peijun , Shi Ruifeng , Chen Chen , Su Lianchun , Zhang Ruihao , Liu Hongyu , Chen Jun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Integrins are closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. ITGA8 encodes the alpha 8 subunit of the heterodimeric integrin alpha8beta1 protein; very little literature on the mechanism of this gene in the occurrence and development of lung cancer is available. Through the public database, we found that the expression of ITGA8 in tumor tissue was significantly lower than that in normal tissue, especially in lung cancer, renal carcinoma, and prostate cancer. In lung adenocarcinoma, survival analysis revealed that patients with higher ITGA8 expression had a better prognosis. ITGA8 was positively related to immune checkpoints genes and immunomodulators genes, whereas B cell, CD4 + T cell, CD8 + T cell, neutrophil, macrophage, and dendritic cell infiltration had the same correlation. Moreover, ITGA8 was negatively related to cancer stemness. Through the online database, we predicted the miRNAs and lncRNAs that regulated ITGA8 and obtained the regulatory network of ITGA8 through the correlation analysis and the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses, it was verified that LINC01798 regulated the expression of ITGA8 through miR-17-5p. Therefore, the regulatory network of ITGA8 may serve as a new therapeutic target to improve the prognosis of patients with lung cancer.
The effective analysis of percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy in the treatment of L4/5 intervertebral disc herniation
Authors: Zhang Bobo , Yang Yimin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy in the treatment of L4/5 intervertebral disc herniation. This prospective study included 36 patients diagnosed with L4/5 intervertebral disc herniation between December 2018 and July 2020 who were scheduled to undergo minimally invasive surgery: group A underwent percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (PETD), and group B underwent percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy (PEID), after which we analyzed the effectiveness of PEID in the L4/5 segment. A total of 36 patients with an average age of 32.1±14.7 years (16 to 65 years), and an average course of disease of 24.6±10.3 months (6 to 60 months), were enrolled. There was no difference in operation time between group A and group B (P>0.05). However, the average fluoroscopy time of group B was shorter compared to group A (P<0.05). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores of patients with low back pain and lower limb pain did not significantly differ between the two groups preoperatively, and 24 hours, 72 hours, 3 months, and 1 year after the operation (P>0.05); however, they all significantly improved (P<0.05). Also, there was no significant difference in Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores between the two groups (P>0.05) preoperatively, and 3 months and 1 year after the operation; however, they all significantly improved (P<0.05). PEID is a safe and effective treatment method for L4/5 intervertebral disc herniation.
Urban flood mapping using Sentinel-1 and RADARSAT Constellation Mission image and Convolutional Siamese Network
Authors: Sorboni Nafiseh Ghasemian , Wang Jinfei , Najafi Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Urban floods can affect people's lives and properties, therefore, urban flood mapping is crucial for reliable risk assessment and the development of effective mitigation strategies. With the advent of high spatial and temporal resolution satellite images, remote sensing has become popular for urban flood mapping. Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) sensors can capture image data during a flood event because their emitted signal can penetrate through the clouds. However, they have some limitations, such as layover, shadowing, and speckle noise, that might challenge their usage, especially for urban flood mapping. Deep Learning (DL) algorithms have been widely used for automatic urban flood mapping using remote sensing data, but the flood mapping accuracy achieved using SAR and DL algorithms is still uncertain. This paper proposes a DL-based change detection framework, Convolutional Siamese Network (CSN), for flood mapping in three urban areas: parts of Ottawa, ON and Gatineau, QC, Abbotsford, BC, and Leverkusen, Germany. The dataset applied were Sentinel-1 and dual-polarized RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM) data. The applied data were captured in C-band, and their resolutions were 10m and 5m for Sentinel-1 and RCM, respectively. Comparison with other DL-based segmentation algorithms, including Unet, Unet++, DeepLabV3+, and Siamese-Unet, confirmed the reliability of the proposed CSN. It was inferred from the flood class accuracies that Sentinel-1 data medium resolution might hinder its application for urban flood mapping. Further, RCM data was also tested in both urban and and non urban areas, and a precision of 0.79 was achieved for the non urban case.
Study on the Painted Clay Sculptures of Ming Dynasty in Jingyin Temple of Taiyuan, China
Authors: Bai Xiaojian , Xia Huiying , Wang Rui , Fan Wenqi , Shi Meifeng , Liu Qi , Xie Yuxin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The painted clay statues of Ming Dynasty in Grand Hall of Jingyin Temple not only boast exquisite design, unique style and complicated craftsmanship, but also have very high historical, artistic, scientific, social and cultural values. Unfortunately, damages in different forms were found since recent years and it is getting worse with the passage of time.For the reason, the comprehensive survey and scientific analysis of the statues of Ming dynasty of Jingyin Temple were conducted. In the survey, the structural features, the painting process, and historical characteristics of these statues were recorded in detail. In addition, a comprehensive study was performed on the materials and craftsmanship of the three painted clay statues by employing multiple analytical techniques, including polarized light microscope (PLM), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDS), Raman spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), granulometry, etc. The result helps to reveal the moulding process of painted statues, and further provide novel information and a scientific basis for the mechanism research of cultural relic deterioration and the later restoration. It is hoped that this research can provide reliable basic information for studies in related fields.
The lymphatic system of the uterine cervix: towards a more precise definition of the drainage routes.
Authors: Weyl Ariane , Sanson Claire , Roumiguié Matthieu , Chaynes Patrick , Rimailho Jacques , Martinez Alejandra , Chantalat Elodie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
PURPOSE Lymph node involvement in cervical cancer is a major independent prognostic factor for overall survival. The aim of our study was to examine the lymphatic drainage regions of the different parts of the cervix by an anatomical and radio-anatomical study. METHODSAn anatomical study of fresh cadavers was conducted by injecting patent blue in the anterior or posterior cervical lip. Drainage regions were thereby compared according to the injection sites. In parallel, a retrospective radiological and pathological study was conducted on patients who were treated for early-stage cervical cancer with lymph node involvement. Radiological analysis of pre-therapeutic MRIs and/or pathological analysis of surgical specimens showed the precise location of the tumour. A correlation between the anatomy of the primary lesion site and its lymphatic drainage was established.RESULTS We administered 8 cadaveric injections in the anterior cervical margin and 7 in the posterior cervical margin. For 100% of the anterior lip injections, lymphatic drainage was bilateral ileo-obturator (n=8/8) combined with bilateral parametrial drainage. For the posterior injections, there was never any ileo-obturator drainage, and 6 of the 7 (75%) posterior injections drained in the posterior uterine serosa. Among the 21 patients included, the radiological and pathological examination showed a non-significant tendency towards bilateral lymph node involvement when the tumour was located on the anterior cervical margin.CONCLUSIONThrough our study we were able to realize that the drainage of the cervix is not the same depending on the anterior or posterior location. This could have a major clinical interest in cervical cancer surgery.
A composite score based on immune-related gene prognostic index and m6A risk score of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yang Yizhou , Lin Zhixiong , Cai Zeman , Huang Kaichun , Li Mei , Wang Xiao , Lin Yinbing , Chen Sijie , Yang Zhining 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground:Immunotherapy has been demonstrated favorable in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Studies indicated that immune-related gene prognostic index (IRGPI) was a robust signature, and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation had a significant impact on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and immunotherapy of HNSCC. Thus, combining IRGPI with m6A status should offer a better predictive power for immune responses.Methods:HNSCC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, n=498) and Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE65858, n = 270) were used in this study. Cox regression analysis was used to construct the IRGPI through immune-related hub genes which were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The m6A risk score was constructed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis. Principal component analysis was used to construct a composite score, and systematically correlate subgroups according to TIME cell-infiltrating characteristics.Results:A composite score was determined based on IRGPI and m6A risk score. HNSCC patients in the TCGA were divided into four subgroups：A (IRGPI-High&m6A-risk-High, n=127), B (IRGPI-High&m6A-risk-Low, n=99), C (IRGPI-Low&m6A-risk-High, n=99) and D (IRGPI-Low&m6A-risk-Low, n=128), and overall survival (OS) was significantly different between subgroups (P< 0.001). The characteristics of TIME cell infiltration in the four subgroups were significantly different in subgroups (P< 0.05). The ROC curves show the predictive value of composite score for OS was superior to any other scores.Conclusions:The composite score is a promising prognostic signature which might distinguish immune and molecular characteristics, predict prognosis, and guide more effective immunotherapeutic strategies for HNSCC.