bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case of Ruminative Hypomania Induced by High Dose Venlafaxine
Authors: Yıldızhan E. , Ünlü Çilesiz M. , Ekici E. , Tomruk N. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionObsessive phenomena, when present, are usually seen in the depressive phase of bipolar disorder.ObjectivesThe peculiar case with aggravation in ruminative and obsessive thinking with simultaneous hypomania may widen our understanding of the phenomenology of antidepressant induced hypomanic symptoms.MethodsWe present a case of ruminative hypomania induced by high dose venlafaxine. Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) were used for symptom ratings.ResultsThe patient was 30 years old and she had treatment history of depression for 3 months. She had two consecutive suicide attempts with drugs in the week before she was hospitalized for suicidal risk. She was using venlafaxine 300 mg/day and olanzapin 2,5 mg/day; continuous ruminative thinking about the past and imaginary sexual affairs with former friends were apparent with an unremitting pattern, leading to intense psychomotor agitation and suicide attempts. Irritable mood, and increased energy was observed with continuous ruminations. She was diagnosed with bipolar-II-disorder, with mixed features and anxious distress (YMRS:17, HAM-D:22, YBOCS:34). After discontinuing venlafaxine and starting anti-manic treatment with haloperidol 10 mg/day in the first week, both affective symptoms and ruminations were improved (YMRS:2, HAM-D:4, YBOCS:8). Aripiprazol 20 mg/day and quetiapine 100 mg/day which were given for continuation treatment were also effective for preserving full remission.ConclusionsWhen prescribing high dose venlafaxine for treatment resistant depression, it should be remembered that this may induce hypomanic symptoms and prominent ruminative thinking which can be ameliorated with anti-manic treatment.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Retinal Thickness as a biomarker of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder
Authors: García-Corres E. , Alberich S. , Rementeria L. , Pérez-Landaluce I. , González-Pinto A.M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionOcular Coherence Tomography (OCT) to measure retinal thickness is the current method to observe neurological impairment in neurodegenerative diseases [1] and in mental disorders [2] due to the composition of the retina itself as an anatomic extension of the brain.There can be found some factors to improve the resilience like the years of study.Objectives
Our aim is to evaluate cognitive and clinical impairment in Bipolar Disorder and see the correlation to the retinal thinning.MethodsTwenty-seven patients diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder were assessed in the context of the FINEXT programme (3). Selective attention, executive functions and verbal memory were measured among other variables. Using the OCT technique, we measured the thickness of the ppRNFL, the RFNL, GCL and IPL layers in the macula in both eyes through several radial segments. Partial correlations were performed with Bonferroni correction (p≤0.006) adjusted for age and academic status except for the variable years of study which was adjusted for age.ResultsSignificant direct correlations were observed between:

- The study-years and the thickness of the retina in the NO and RFNL. -Selective attention and GCL and RFNL layers. -Executive function and the GCL and IPL.ConclusionsWe can observe some preliminar results showing a significant correlation between some layers of the retina, upper segments more frequently, and the outcomes of the neurocognitive assessment. We can see a relationship as well between years of study and the thickness of the Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer in the retina and optic nerve head, the axons of the neurons in the eye.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Impact of sunlight exposure on the age of onset of bipolar disorder
Authors: Arfaoui N. , Hamdoun J. , Bougacha D. , Ben Ammar H. , El Hechmi Z. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionBipolar disorder is a multifactorial disorder influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors.There is limited understanding of how non-genetic factors may impact the age of onset of bipolar disorderObjectivesTo study the age of onset of bipolar disease in Tunisia (where the average duration of sunshine is 8 hours/day) and compare it to the age of onset in countries with a lower duration of sunshine (Germany 0.17h/day; Norway 1.40h/day).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of 100 patients with bipolar disorder type I followed at the psychiatric department Aziza Othmana at Razi hospital.The data collection was done using a pre-established paper form exploring sociodemographic and clinical data.The duration of sunshine was estimated according to the average number of hours of sunshine per day in each country collected through meteorological sites.Results

Our population was predominantly male (60%) with a mean age of 48.7 years.The first episode was manic in 76% of cases. The mean age of onset in our sample was 25.86 years, with extremes ranging from 13 to 49 years.An early onset (threshold age=21 years) was found in 36% of the Tunisian population. The age of onset was earlier in patients with a family history of bipolar disorder: 22.76 years vs 28.23 years. A late onset (threshold age=37 years) was found in 13% of the Tunisian population.ConclusionsThe study confirmed that there is an inverse relationship between the degree of sunlight and the age of onset of the disease, especially in the presence of a family history of mood disordersDisclosureNo significant relationships.
Evaluation of empathy among euthymic bipolar patients
Authors: Mhiri E. , Ben Thabet J. , Smaoui N. , Gassara I. , Feki R. , Zouari L. , Omri S. , Charfi N. , Maalej M. , Maalej M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionBipolar disorder (BD) is a mental illness marked by extreme swings in the mood, energy, and thinking. Although it’s not an official symptom of the disease, some research suggests that it also may affect the empathy.ObjectivesTo investigate empathic responding in patients with BD in euthymic state of illness and to determine associated factors.MethodsA cross-sectional and descriptive study of 78 patients followed for bipolar disorder, during euthymia, at the psychiatric outpatient clinic at CHU Hédi Chaker in Sfax. We used a socio-demographic and clinical data sheet and the Questionnaire of Cognitive And Affective Empathy (QCAE) to assess empathy with its two dimensions : “Affective empathy” and “Cognitive empathy”.ResultsThe average age was 36.27 years, the sex ratio was 5.5. Bipolar I disorder was diagnosed in 88.5% of patients. The mean age of onset was 27.73 years, and the mean duration of illness was 8.4 years. 78.2% of patients had a good adherence to treatment. 60.3% of them had residual depressive symptoms during eutymia. QCAE total score was 72.49. (Maximum possible score 124) Cognitive empathy score was 43.21. (Maximum possible score 76) Affective empathy score was 29.36. (Maximum possible score 48) Affective empathy was associated with female gender (p=0), good adherence to treatment (p=0.01) and residual depressive symptoms (p=0.001).ConclusionsOur study shows that bipolar patients have fairly good levels of empathy. However, in order to better substantiate empathy in BD, comparative studies seem necessary.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Use of Electro-Convulsive Therapy as a Bipolar Disorder Treatment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Miranda Ruiz E. , Marimón Muñoz E. , Stoppa Montserrat A. , Fernandez I. , Arroyo M.I. , Borras N. , Ferreiro S. , Ramirez J. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionElectro-convulsive Therapy (ECT) has been considered a useful for the treatment of depression and other affective disorders, however it is considered as a last resort given the risks and possible adverse effects.ObjectivesThe objective of this review is to assess the use of ECT (in terms of efficacy and tolerability) for patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder and how it can be compared with other treatments more commonly used to treat this disorder.MethodsA search was carried out in Medline and in the Virtual Health Library as well as in the Trripdatabase with the search terms “Bipolar disorder”, “Bipolar Depression”, “ECT”, “ECT treatment” and “Mania” in English and narrowing the search to the last 5 years. 8 articles were included for the review after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria.ResultsA favorable and well tolerated response was observed when applied ECT on patients with Bipolar disorder, especially the elderly populations. It was observed that the administration of unilateral and bilateral ECT are both equally effective. A better response was detected to ECT compared to newer treatments like ketamine, as well as lower suicide rate when ECT was used compared to other treatments.ConclusionsECT is considered an effective and safe treatment for Bipolar Disorder and should be taken into account not only as a last resort. Even so, given the limitations observed, it is necessary to carry out further investigation on the matter.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Bipolar Disorder Comorbid with Arnold-Chiari Malformation: Case Report
Authors: Yalçın Z. , Sahmelikoglu Onur O. , Karamustafalioglu N. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionArnold Chiari malformation (ACM), a condition in which a portion of the brain pushes through the opening at the base of the skull, can cause headaches, dizziness, difficulty swallowing, muscle weakness and balance problems. The prevalence in the general population has been estimated at slightly less than 1/1000. The majority of these cases are asymptomatic. Chiari malformations are often detected coincidently among patients who have undergone diagnostic imaging for unrelated reasons. Several cases of psychiatric illness comorbid with ACM type 1 (ACM1) are reported in the literature.ObjectivesHere we reported a patient with bipolar affective disorder, manic episode with a history of depressive episodes for 2 years comorbid with ACM1.MethodsA 39 year-old-woman,with the history of panic disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder comorbid with depression have been using sertraline 50 mg/day for a year, admitted for decreased need of sleep, grandiosity, increased libido,risky behaviours, rapid speech and agitation. The patient met DSM 5 criteria for a manic episode and was hospitalized. She had a positive history of depression in her family. Her lab work up was unremarkable; including negative urine toxicology. MRI scans, for exclusion of organicity, demonstrated ACM1. Her treatment was started with a regimen of haloperidol 20 mg/day, biperiden 10 mg/day. The treatment was switched to olanzapine 20mg/day upon detection of rigidity. Lithium was added as 900mg/day. Neurosurgery, outpatient control was recommended by neurosurgery.ResultsThe patient’s symptoms gradually improved within one week with attainment of euthymic mood.ConclusionsThis case might show that ACM1 could cause abnormal functioning of brain circuits promoting psychiatric symptoms.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder : Clinical description of 101 children
Authors: Bourgou S. , Nourchene K. , Rezgui H. , Belhaj A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPost traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that’s triggered by a psychotraumatic event .ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to investigate the clinical manifestations of PTSD in the pediatric population.MethodsThis is a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out on children over the age of 7 and victims of a traumatic event that had occurred at least one month before. They were recruited from August 2020 to April 2021, in child psychiatry department. The clinical manifestations were evaluated using the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale Child and Adolescent version for DSM 5 (CAPS CA5) in Tunisian dialect. The statistical processing of these data was carried out using SPSS 26 software.ResultsWe recruited 101 children who had experienced a traumatic event which was in 35.6% physical assault, 47.5% sexual assault and in 16.8 % exposure to death. The mean age was 10.7 years at the onset of traumatic event and 11.74 years at the interview. We noted in our patients a female predominance at 64.4%. Diagnosis of PTSD according to the diagnostic criteria of the DSM5 was retained in 54.5% of cases. Intrusive symptoms were present in 81.2%, with 66.3% of involuntary, intrusive memories. Persistent avoidance of stimuli was noted in 80.2%. 71.3% of cases suffered from negative cognition and mood. We found in 66.3% marked alterations in trauma-related arousal and reactivity. Resulting in clinicialy significant distress in71.3%.ConclusionsRecognizing PTSD symptoms is essential for diagnosis to initiate specialized care and reduce impairment at this critical age.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Psycho-socio-emotional characteristics in high intellectual potential child regarding IQ profile (Homogenous/Heterogenous)
Authors: Hamdioui S. , Vaivre-Douret L. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionFew studies have analyzed the psychometric profile (Homogenous/Heterogenous), established by the Wechsler scale in high intellectual potential children (HIP, IQ>130), regarding the psycho-socio-emotional characteristics.ObjectivesWe aimed to look at the links between the IQ-profile and the psycho-socio-emotional characteristics in HIP.MethodsAnamnestic questionnaire and Wechsler-Intelligence-Scale for children (WISC-V) were conducted and analyzed in 58 healthy children with HIP, aged 7-to-13 years-old (mean 10y; SD 1.8). It was possible to distinguished 27 Homogenousvs 30 Heterogenous IQ-profile.Results

No significant difference between homogenous/heterogonous groups, FIQ was positively significantly correlated with “Reacting very little emotionally”, “Tendency to isolation”. Visual-Spatial-Index (VSI) with “Ability to adapt to new people” (r=-0.4, p=0.02), “few interests” (r=0.5, p=0.008). Verbal-Comprehension-Index (VCI) with “Reacting strongly to frustration”, “Difficulties to understand limits”, “Separation anxiety”. A significant difference between homogenous/heterogonous groups was shown regarding “few interests” with high rate in the heterogonous group (t= -2.34, p=0.023).ConclusionsHIP seems to cover specific psycho-socio-emotional characteristics linked to IQ index distribution. Thus, it appears interesting to assess more the emotional and socio-cognitive field to understand these characteristics in HIP children.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Antipsychotics for irritability in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Muñoz Martinez V. , Beato-Fernández L. , Segura-Escobar E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAutism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by qualitative impairments in social interaction, communication, and restricted and repetitive behaviors [1]. Despite of these symptoms, some patients present different manifestations of irritability. These can be expressed in different kinds of disruptive behaviors. Recent studies shown that, at least 20% of children with autism present irritability symptoms, which cause severe social and familiar disturbances [2].ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate short-term efficacy of aripiprazole in children in comparison with other antipsychotic. We include behaviors related to irritability as all kinds of aggressions, tantrums and self-injuries.Methods90 patients were recruited. 45 of the patients received aripiprazole and 45 received other antipsychotic. The initial doses of aripiprazole was 2,5 mg/day. Doses were increase related to symptoms. The range of the doses were from 2,5 to 15 mg/day.ResultsFrom these 45 patients 12 had a relapse (26,6%) during the next two years. From the second group, 20 (44.4%) of the patients had a relapse during the next two years. Five of the aripiprazole group (11,1%) abandon treatment. From the second group twelve patients (26.6%) also abandon treatment. Prolactin rates with aripiprazole were 28.2 ng/ml for males and 14.1 ng/ml for women.Conclusions
In general, the result of our research indicated that Aripiprazole was effective and generally safe and well tolerated in the treatment of irritability associated with ASD. One of the limitations was that we do not use scales in order to measure the changes.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Stimulant induced Dermatological and Vascular Complications in patients with ADHD: A literature review
Authors: Arain F. , Jawad M. , Azeem A. , Arain H. , Williams A. , Zeshan M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionMethylphenidate and amphetamine are the two most widely used stimulants in managing Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)1. Reynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is a reversible distal vasoconstriction presenting with various dermatological symptoms. RP can secondarily develop after certain medications as well2.ObjectivesThe review was undertaken to synthesize the incidence of RP within ADHD population treated with stimulants, and any causal relation of RP and stimulant-use.MethodsPubMed, Psych-Info and Google Scholar were searched using these keywords: skin change, Raynaud, stimulants and methylphenidate. All relevant study types were included. Results were synthesized narratively.ResultsInitial search yielded 240 articles with 5 articles fulfilling our inclusion criteria. One was retrospective case-controlled study while remaining 4 were case reports. Six cases were identified with an age of 12-19 years, who presented with RP after being treated with methylphenidate-or-dextroamphetamine. In one case, multiple clinical signs of RP were seen with cold distal fingers, transient color changes and even frank ulceration3–6. In two cases, it was seen that RP was dose-dependent with stimulant use and got resolved after decreasing the dosage respectively. In case-control study, 32 cases with RP and 32 controls were enrolled. The results showed a statistically significant association (χ2 =5, p=0.01) between RP and past-or-current stimulant usage.7ConclusionsThe literature review suggests weak evidence of the association between RP and stimulant use but no evidence of any causal link. Further studies are needed to identify characters that can predict this adverse effect in vulnerable ADHD individuals.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Mental health and academic performance in a cohort of first year primary school children in Chile
Authors: Rivas M. , Gómez G. , Giaconi V. , Burrone M.S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPsychiatric disorders are common in children, and academic attainment is lower in children with psychiatric disorders. There are few data about the occurrence of mental health problems and the academic attainment among children in Chile.ObjectivesTo determine the occurrence of mental health problems and its association with academic attainment in first-year students of elementary schools in ChileMethods

The study was conducted in 39 urban and rural public elementary schools in Chile in 2019. The academic performance was measured using the Woodcock Muñoz IV Battery and the Corsi Bock-Tapping test. Mental health was assessed using the self-report Dominique Interactive and Strengths in children and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) instruments in their parents and teachers. A triangulation of information was conducted between different informants.Results

Overall 610 children were included in the analysis (mean age 7.10 years (SD=0.58), 51% women, 36% from rural area). A higher score in mathematics and reading was negatively correlated to a higher score in emotional symptoms, hyperactivity and peer relationship difficulties, separately, based on both teacher- and parent-reported SDQ. The correlation coefficient between reading scores with Dominique Interactive and Strengths externalizing symptoms was -0.22 (p<0,05). A higher maternal education level was associated with higher education attainment in their children (p <0,05). There was no association between rurality and children’s mental health symptoms.ConclusionsThe current results can inform local stakeholders in Chile about the importance of mental health at a very early age.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Psychological Impact of parental cancer on children
Authors: Falfel D. , Korbi S. , Berrazaga Y. , Mejri N. , Homri W. , Boussen H. , Labbane R. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionCancer is often a diagnosis that generates instability in many Tunisian families. Children of parents with cancer may respond differently to the treatment. Communication about cancer in Tunisian families needs sometimes professional intervention mainly with children.ObjectivesWe aimed to assess psychological impact of cancer parents on their children.MethodsWe interviewed 103 parents of children aged 6-18 years between July and December 2020. Children were not interviewed as they were not allowed into the chemotherapy treatment rooms. The questionnaire included items about emotional and behavioral impact on children.ResultsPatients’ characteristics are are shown in Table 1. In our study, 85 patients (82.5%) told their children they were « sick ». Among the children who were not aware of their parent’s condition, there were significantly more preschoolers, p=0.001. The reasons given by the parents in these cases were the young age of their children (60%) and the fear of generating emotional and behavioral trauma and threatening their psychosocial equilibrium (40%). In our participants 88.3% reported communication disorders with their children when referring to the parental illness.ConclusionsParental cancer may have unexpected consequences on children’s behavior which should be handled by a specialist , hence efforts should be made for early detection and better understanding of these disorders.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Health Services Use and Costs in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Germany: Results from a Survey in ASD Outpatient Clinics
Authors: Höfer J. , Hoffmann F. , Dörks M. , Kamp-Becker I. , Küpper C. , Poustka L. , Roepke S. , Roessner V. , Stroth S. , Wolff N. , Bachmann C. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with high services use, but European data on costs are scarce.ObjectivesUtilisation and annual costs of 385 individuals with ASD (aged 4-67 years; 18.2% females; 37.4% IQ < 85) from German outpatient clinics were assessed.MethodsClient Service Receipt InventoryResultsAverage annual costs per person were 3287 EUR, with psychiatric inpatient care (19.8%), pharmacotherapy (11.1%), and occupational therapy (11.1%) being the largest cost components. Females incurred higher costs than males (4864 EUR vs. 2936 EUR). In a regression model, female sex (Cost Ratio: 1.65), lower IQ (1.90), and Asperger syndrome (1.54) were associated with higher costs.ConclusionsIn conclusion, ASD-related health costs are comparable to those of schizophrenia, thus underlining its public health relevance. Higher costs in females demand further research.DisclosureNo significant relationships.