bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnic and Racial Inequities in Cancer Screening During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a multi-site observational study in the United States
Authors: Idossa Dame , Borno Hala T. , Wang Katarina , Pletcher Mark , Gresham Gillian , Canchola Alison J , Bell Douglas S , Matheny Michael , Schilling Lisa , Perkins Amy M , Zheng Kai , Ohno-Machado Lucila , Kim Jihoon , Soohoo Spencer L , Meeker Daniella , Gomez Scarlett 
Published: August 2022

Introduction The total impact of the current COVID-19 pandemic on cancer screenings and diagnostic procedures by race and ethnicity has not yet been fully characterized. Methods In this study, we compared the ethnic and racial differences in cancer screening for breast, colon, and prostate cancer and compared them to population-level SARS-CoV2 infection rates in the United States between January 2019 and January 2021. Results A significant reduction in all screening activities was observed between March and May of 2020, with the largest relative decline in April during the initial SARS-CoV2 surge. In that month, screening mammography declined by 80% overall, with the relative largest decline among Black individuals (90%). A higher proportion of Black individuals received diagnostic mammography in April 2020. However, between June 2020 and January 2021, there was a relative increase in diagnostic mammograms observed across all groups. There was also a relative reduction in colon cancer screening, with the largest decline in April 2020 among Black individuals (75%). The largest relative reduction in PSA screening was in Hispanic individuals (66%). During the examined study period, surgical resections for breast, colon, and prostate resections were reduced and remained lower than baseline through 2020. The reduction in breast, colon, and prostate cancer screening coincided with the first surge of the SARS-CoV2 infections, but not with the second. There was a small reduction in breast and colon cancer screening with the third surge. Conclusions Differential inequities in cancer screening and diagnoses were observed by race and ethnicity and corresponded primarily to the initial surge of SARS-CoV2.
HUBUNGAN ASUPAN ZAT BESI (FE), RIWAYAT MPASI DENGAN STATUS GIZI BB/U PADA BALITA USIA 12-59 BULAN
Authors: Aida Mudrika Syaugi  , Isti Istianah  
Published: August 2022

Terjadinya kekurangan status gizi pada awal kehidupan akan berdampak terhadap kehidupan selanjutnya seperti pertumbuhan terhambat, bblr, daya tahan tubuh rendah dan resiko meninggal dunia. Salah satu faktornya adalah kekurangan zat besi, yang dapat mengganggu pertumbuhan yang menyebabkan anak menjadi gizi kurang dan meningkatkan risiko diare dan infeksi saluran nafas. MPASI dini maupun terlambat akan menyebabkan bayi rentan mengalami penyakit infeksi, alergi, kekurangan gizi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan antara asupan zat besi dan riwayat MPASI dengan status gizi BB/U pada balita. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 122 balita dan respondennya adalah ibu yang memiliki balita berusia 12-59 bulan. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat (menggunakan uji chi square p: 0,05). Balita yang mengalami gizi kurang sebanyak 25 balita (20,5%) dan balita dengan status gizi normal sebanyak 97 (79,5%). Kesimpulan dari data ini adalah adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara riwayat MPASI dengan status gizi BB/U pada balita usia 12-59 bulan di Puskesmas Jatiluhur Bekasi.
HUBUNGAN STATUS GRAVIDA TERHADAP TINGKAT KEPARAHAN MUAL DAN MUNTAH PADA IBU HAMIL
Authors: Qonita Fauziah  , Puji Astuti Wiratmo  , Aan Sutandi  
Published: August 2022

Mual dan muntah saat kehamilan merupakan hal wajar pada kehamilan usia muda. Salah satu factor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya mual dan muntah saat kehamilan adalah status gravida. Sekitar 60 - 80% mual dan muntah terjadi pada primigravida dan 40-60% pada multigravida.. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan status gravida terhadap tingkat keparahan mual dan muntah pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Kecamatan Ciracas Jakarta Timur dengan menggunakan desain deskriptif korelasi sederhana. Analisa data menggunakan metode Spearman Rank dengan responden 56 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara status gravida terhadap tingkat keparahan mual muntah pada kehamilan dengan nilai korelasi (r = 0,469) dan p-value sebesar 0,000 (p-value <0,05). Status gravida dapat menjadi salah satu faktor tingkat keparahan mual dan muntah. Pada primigravida, merupakan adaptasi baru dengan adanya perubahan fisiologis dan perubahan hormon kehamilan. Sedangkan ibu multigravida telah mengalami pengalaman perubahan kondisi hormonal sehingga mempunyai pengalaman mengatasi tingkat keparahan mual dan muntah terkait kehamilan.
A Study on Digital Marketing and Its Types: A Deep Review of Pros and Cons
Authors: R. Angel Rosario  , Roshini R.  , Vidhya Pillai  
Published: August 2022

Digital marketing is one of the new trendy terms that is used in recent days. Digital marketing can be defined as marketing products or services to a group of targeted consumers to improve the market share of the business with the help of electronic devices. Digital marketing was used in 1970 and it developed in 2000, it was the period when there was a shift from traditional marketing to digital marketing. The study was done with the help of secondary data. Various literature and web sources were used to do a deep study on digital marketing and its types. Reports, case studies, research papers, articles, newspaper articles, and websites have been used. The reason behind this research paper is to have a complete understanding of digital marketing types and its pros and cons.
Evaluation of Cafeteria Diet in Experimental Animal with Plant Extract of Calotropis procera for Obesity Parameter
Authors: Richard Owusu Nyarko  , Chinaza Godswill Awuchi  , Roshan Kumar  , Edward Boateng  , Ivan Kahwa  , Paul Owusu Boateng  , Christian Asum  , Purabi Saha  
Published: August 2022

The function of obesity in an insulin-resistant syndrome associated with hyper insulinemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerotic diseased illness is vital. Hunger, body weight and lipid profile investigations thus assess Calotropis procera extract in animal models.
Adult Wister rats (180-240g) 8 were used in each experimental group. The impact of Cactus Kalahari on hunger, body weight and profile of lipids. (A) Control in weight, (B) obesity and CP+ obesity. Control obesity caused by material of cafeteria cuisine (CD). (CP was induced at (100 mg/kg/day po. for 50 days). Every 10 days, the food give, animal body weight, blood glucose, serum lipids level examined—serum and term tests for Liver Function and Renal Function Tests were checked.
Our research has demonstrated that following obesity induction CP pretreatment and administration at 100mg/kg/day p<0.05) have resulted in substantial reductions in food consumption, increased body weight and improved lipid profile, liver enzyme and kidney function tests. Cafeteria food rats also showed considerable growth in body weight gain, famine, lipid profile, hepatic enzymes, and kidney function tests.
When administered with a protein-rich food at the same time, the Kalahari extract prevented and reduced body weight gain and profile of lipid alterations in experimental induced obesity(fats) in rats.
The Effect of Financial Distress on Performance of Nepalese Commercial Banks
Authors: Sah Puja 
Published: August 2022

The research looks at how financial crisis affects the performance of Nepalese commercial banks. The dependent variables are return on assets and Z-score. Liquidity ratio, leverage ratio, capital adequacy ratio, spread rate, credit risk, credit to deposit ratio,and loan loss provision are the independent variables chosen. The study is based on secondary data from 27 commercial banks, totaling 216 observations from 2012/13 to 2019/20.The information was gathered from the Nepal Rastra Bank’s Banking and Financial Statistics, the Ministry of Finance’s (MoF) publications and webpages, and the annual reports of the selected commercial banks. To examine the relevance and importance of financial hardship on the performance of Nepalese commercial banks, correlation coefficients and regression models are estimated. According to the findings, spread rate has a beneficial influence on return on assets and Z-score. It implies that an increase in the spread rate leads to an increase in the return on assets and the Z-score. Furthermore, the study found that loan loss provision had a negative influence on return on assets and the Z-score. It follows that the bigger the loan loss provision, the lower the return on assets and Z-score. Credit risk, on the other hand, has a negative influence on return on assets and Z-score. This indicates that the bigger the credit risk, the lower the return on assets and Z-score. Similarly, the leverage ratio has a negative influence on the return on assets and the Z-score. It follows that the larger the leverage ratio, the worse the return on assets and Z-score. Furthermore, the liquidity ratio influences the return on assetsand the Z-score. It denotes that the higher the liquidity ratio, the better the return on assets and Z-score. Similarly, capital adequacy ratio influences return on assets and Z-score. It denotes that the greater the capital adequacy ratio, the higher the return on assets and Z-score. Similarly, the credit to deposit ratio influences return on assets and Z-score.
Sperm quality of artificially matured shortfinned eel is not affected by human chorionic gonadotropin dose and route of administration
Authors: Divers Sean L. , Johnson Sheri L. , Lokman P. Mark 
Published: August 2022

Background
Acquisition of high quality sperm is key to the artificial propagation of eels in captivity, but fertility drugs are expensive and repeated handling is stressful to the fish. An interrupted treatment regime (an initial hormone injection to stimulate spermatogenesis, followed several weeks later by weekly booster injections to induce sperm maturation) for acquisition of sperm in captive male eels has promise for high sperm quality on the one hand, and animal welfare benefits on the other. To further develop this approach for shortfinned eel, Anguilla australis, we evaluated the efficacy of (i) different initial doses of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and (ii) route of administration.

Methods
Male eels were artificially induced to mature with a single injection of 0, 250, 500 or 1,000 IU/fish of hCG, administered either intramuscularly (IM) or intraperitoneally (IP). Sperm maturation was induced with 150 IU hCG/fish from week 5 onwards and sperm collected for evaluation of quality by computer-assisted sperm analysis.

Results
Control males did not mature and hence, sperm could not be retrieved and analysed, but all other treatments were effective in inducing testicular maturation. Milt volume tended to be higher for fish injected IM compared to those injected IP, whereas hCG dose had no effect. Conversely, the concentration of spermatozoa tended to be higher for several sperm collection time points in IP-injected than in IM-injected fish. Sperm quality, represented by percent motility, percent progressive motility and curvilinear velocity, was equal in fish given an initial dose of 250 IU hCG to those given higher initial doses of hCG.

Conclusions
We recommend that an initial dose of 250 IU hCG/fish be administered to induce spermatogenesis in male A. australis, and, after a period of 4–5 weeks, weekly booster injections of ∼150 IU hCG/fish be administered in the day prior to sperm collection; both routes of administration (IM or IP) are equally effective. We contend that an interrupted treatment regime has notable benefits for induced maturation in male anguillids, as it reduces fish handling and manipulation and reduces the resources required to produce high quality sperm.
The Effect of Audit Quality, Financial Reporting Aggressiveness and Tax Aggressiveness on the Cost of Debt in Southeast Asia
Authors: Kurniati Fitriana , Septiyanti Ratna , Oktavia Reni , Lindrianasari . , Prasetyo Tri Joko 
Published: August 2022

This study aims to analyze the effect of audit quality, financial reporting aggressiveness and tax aggressiveness on the cost of debt (study on Southeast Asian pharmaceutical companies). This research is interesting to study where different with other research of this research uses a sample of pharmaceutical companies in Southeast Asia and the period is before and after covid where pharmaceutical companies are an industrial sector that have a lot of profits when other industrial sectors have loss profit. The population in this study is a pharmaceutical company in 2018 - 2021. Determination of the research sample uses the purposive sampling method. Which sample there are 101 (There are 22 firm form Indonesia, 12 firm form Philippines, 23 firm form Malaysia, 21 firm form Singapore, 10 firm from Thailand and 13 firm form Vietnam). The results of this study The results indicate that the significance value of the Audit Quality variable is below 0.05 and the beta value is negative. The results that the significance value of the aggressiveness of financial reporting variable shows that the significant value is less than 0.05 with a positive beta value. The results show that the value of tax aggressiveness shows that the value of sig. below 0.05 with a positive Beta value. It can be concluded that tax aggressiveness has a significant effect on the cost of debt (study of Southeast Asian pharmaceutical companies). Conclution is the financial reporting aggressiveness variable has a significant effect on the cost of debt, the greater the earnings management policy is carried out, the greater the company's debt costs so need the special focus from government to management cuase it relate with tax.
Fraud Detection of Financial Statements through the Fraud Hexagon Approach in Indonesian SOEs
Authors: Citra Ade , Lindrianasari . , Syaipudin Usep , Dharma Fitra , Metalia Mega 
Published: August 2022

Aims: This study aims to detect fraudulent financial statements through the Fraud Hexagon approach in Indonesian SOEs period 2011-2019
Study Design: This study applied the quantiative descriptive method.
Place and Duration of Study: Financial Services Authority, Period 2011-2019
Methodology: This data used in this research is secondary data based on the companies’ financial statement. The population used are SOEs companies in Indonesian during the year 2011 – 2019 and the sampe are 4 banks. Thetechnique of data analysis applied is regession data panel.
Results: According to the results shows that external pressure, nature of industry, effective monitoring, financial target, capability, personal financial need, rationalization, ego, and also collusion give no influence toward the fraud of financial statement. The variable financial stability gives negative influence toward the fraud of financial statements.
Conclusion: Of the 10 hypotheses and 2 control variables (Size and Firm Age) proposed, it was found that there was 1 variable that had a negative effect on report fraud. financial statements and others have no influence toward the financial statements.
A Retrospective Study to Examine Nutrition Based Risk and Protective Factors in Relation to Diarrhoea Incidence in Children Aged Less Than Two Years in Tanzania
Authors: Swai Aleswa Z. , Mukasa Oscar R. , Mzimbiri Rehema Idris , Mkopi Ruth Kumidi , Kamwe Mlemba Abbas , Levira Francis 
Published: August 2022

Background: Diarrhea disorders account for a significant portion of the morbidity and mortality burden among children in resource-constrained settings, and they are economically significant to both families and health systems. In real sense, any intervention that has shown the potential to reduce diarrhea-related mortality and morbidity is valuable in terms of the global child health agenda.
Objective: To explore the role of nutrition based risk and protective factors on diarrhea morbidity among children aged less than two years in Tanzania.
Methods: We analyzed household-based data on risks and preventive interventions including exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, water, sanitation hygiene, and vitamin A supplementation. Data from the Tanzania Demographic Health Survey (TDHS) of 2015/2016 were used to describe odds of diarrhoea morbidity in children aged 0-5 months and 6-23 months. Multivariate logic regression models were developed to identify risk factors.
Results: Children aged less than 5 months, who were exclusively breastfed experienced a reduction in the odds of having diarrhoea by 72% (P-value <0.001), compared to those who were not exclusively breastfed. Children aged between 6 months and less than 23 months, from families with detergent at hand washing facility, experienced a reduction in the odds of having diarrhoea by 37% (P-value <0.01), compared to their peers in the other group. Diarrhoea odds were predicted to be higher in higher wealth quintile as compared to lowest group by 1.39 (P-value =0.028), 1.53 (P-value <0.01), 1.74 (P-value <0.01) and 1.78 (P-value =0.01) for second, middle, fourth to highest groups respectively.
Conclusions: The data has demonstrated the important role of exclusive breastfeeding and sanitation on diarrhoea occurrence amongst children aged less than 23 months in Tanzania. Yet there are areas for which it remains inconclusive and requires further work to improve insights and strength of available evidence so far.
Characteristics of Medicinal Plants used in Traditional Medicine for Oral Diseases Treatment in Southern Benin
Authors: Abdoulaye Adam , P. Noumavo Agossou , M. Glodjinon Nicéphore , Adjanohoun Adolphe , Baba-Moussa Lamine , Baba-Moussa Farid 
Published: August 2022

Background of the Study: In the oral health field, dental caries and periodontal diseases are the most frequent pathologies that affect all population to different degrees. In Benin, oral diseases constitute a serious public health problem. Care, whether curative or preventive, requires an investment that many cannot afford in developing countries like Benin. Because of oral diseases extent, appropriate solutions must be found to improve oral health in Benin. Place and Duration of Study: Data were collected through ethnobotanical surveys in the districts of Allada, Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou and Porto-Novo from May to August 2021.
Aim: This study aims to identify the medicinal plants used in traditional medicine to treat oral diseases.
Methodology: Prior to the ethnobotanical study itself, we proceeded to locate the markets where medicinal plants are sold in the study area. Then, in order to ensure a high objectivity degree of the data obtained during our study, the survey is carried out used a preestabilished questionnaires. The questionnaire focused on the following main points: (1) Profile of the respondent (surname, first name, age, gender, education level and experience in the field), (2) informations on the recipe (oral uses, vernacular and scientific names, parts used, preparation method, route and mode of administration, contraindications and side effects). The medicinal plants vendors were selected based their availability displays size and frequency level of displays.
Results: One hundred and three (103) medicinal plants species were identified, divided into forty-four (44) families and ninety-one (91) genera. The most used plants are Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (11.72%), Ocimum americanum (4.88%), Ocimum gratissimum (4.39%), Lantana camara (2.93%), Bridelia ferruginea (2.93%), Moringa oleifera (2.44%), Lippia multiflora (2.44%), Mangifera indica (2.44%), Dialium guineense (2.44%), Pseudocedrela kotschyi (1.95%), Justicia flava (1.95%), Uvaria chamae (1.95%) and Xylopia aethiopica (1.95%). The most commonly plant parts used were leaves and roots. The decoction of these parts in mouthwash or gargle is most used for oral diseases treatment.
Conclusion: The flora of Benin contains a rich diversity of plants. Many of which are used in traditional Beninese medicine and have the potential to provide pharmacologically active natural products. In order to know the different plants used to treat oral diseases, an ethnobotanical survey was conducted in southern Benin (district of Allada, Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou and Porto-novo).
Prevalence and Distribution of Staphylococcus aureus Virulence Enzymes Isolated from Clinical and Environmental Sources
Authors: Hameed Amna Yarub , Essa Muhsin Ayoub 
Published: August 2022

The goal of this study was to isolate and identify Staphylococcus aureus from clinical and environmental sources. This study also looked at the prevalence and distribution of different virulence enzymes among its isolates. For this objective, 65 samples were collected and dispersed among 50 distinct clinical samples and 15 environmental (soil, water, and air) samples. The results revealed that 20 bacterial isolates were S. aureus. The isolation rate was 30.76% from all samples, with 13 isolates 20% from a clinical source and 7 isolates 10.76% from an environmental source. The phenotypic detection of virulence enzymes revealed that all isolates, including environmental isolates, produced virulence enzymes (between two and six enzymes), indicating the clinical importance. The isolates produced virulence enzymes at different rates. The results revealed a clear rise in the rate of production of the enzymes: lecithinase and lipase producing at a rate of 95%, protease at 90%, urease at 80%, hemolysin at 60%, and beta-lactamase at 55%.
Addition of a clinical pharmacist practitioner to an inpatient addiction triage team and related medication outcomes
Authors: Ehrhard Kim , Colvard Michelle , Brabson Jennifer 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Introduction
At a Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), a clinical pharmacist practitioner (CPP) was added to an inpatient addiction triage team in August 2019 to provide education and recommendations regarding medications for alcohol use disorder (MAUD) and opioid use disorder (MOUD). Before the addition of the CPP, missed opportunities for MAUD and MOUD education and prescribing prior to discharge on non-psychiatric units were observed.

Methods
This was a single-center, single-site, retrospective, observational cohort study with a primary objective to compare initiation rates of MAUD/MOUD 12 months before and after the addition of the CPP to the addiction triage team. Secondary end points included 90-day medication possession ratio, 1- and 3-month emergency department visit rates, 1- and 3-month hospital readmission rates, and opioid education and naloxone distribution interventions for eligible patients with a diagnosis of opioid use disorder.

Results
Both statistically and clinically significant improvements in MAUD/MOUD initiation rates were found in the CPP intervention group compared with the historical control group (26.3% vs 4%, P &lt; .0001). Although secondary end points within this review were not found to be statistically significant, improvements were seen in the CPP intervention group compared with the historical control group related to medication possession ratio, and emergency department and hospital readmission rates.

Discussion
This study highlights the potential utility of a CPP to an inpatient addiction triage team to improve MAUD/MOUD prescribing rates in appropriate patients prior to discharge. Overall, the introduction of a CPP to an inpatient addiction triage team was feasible, well received by interprofessional team members, and required limited additional resources.