bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Settledness, Polarity and Mood in Spanish Complements
Authors: Mejías-Bikandi Errapel 
Published: December 2022

The paper discusses the effects of mood on the availability of an existential interpretation of negative words such as nadie "nobody" in the complement of emotive factive predicates in Spanish. In these contexts, the subjunctive mood allows nadie to be interpreted as a non-negated existential quantified expression, ∃x, equivalent to alguien. On the other hand, the indicative mood allows only for a negative universal interpretation of the expression, ∀x¬, or a negated existential interpretation, ¬∃x. An account of this phenomenon is proposed in terms of the notion of settledness. A proposition expressed by an indicative complement is asserted, which indicates the speaker's intention that it be settled in the context set. The proposition is grammatically settled. A proposition in the subjunctive mood is not asserted, the speaker is not indicating an intention that it be settled, it is in a grammatically unsettled state (p/¬p: a state in which p and ¬p are left undetermined). The word nadie is analyzed as denoting a quantity scale <∀, ∃>. Within an asserted complement, the interpretation of nadie is fixed at the highest, most informative, point in the scale, ∀. On the other hand, within the grammatically unsettled complement of an affective predicate, the interpretation of nadie is not fixed at the highest point in the scale. This indeterminacy allows it to assume a value at the lowest point, ∃. It is noted that this possibility provides an expressive tool which may be used to add an emphatic hue to an utterance.
Analysis of influencing factors of serum total protein and serum calcium content in plasma donors
Authors: Liu Bin , Dong Demei , Wang Zongkui , Gao Yang , Yu Ding , Ye Shengliang , Du Xi , Ma Li , Cao Haijun , Liu Fengjuan , Zhang Rong , Li Changqing 
Published: December 2022

Background and objectives
The adverse effects of plasma donation on the body has lowered the odds of donation. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of abnormal serum calcium and total serum protein related to plasma donation, identify the influencing factors, and come up with suggestions to make plasma donation safer.

Methods
Donors from 10 plasmapheresis centers in five provinces of China participated in this study. Serum samples were collected before donation. Serum calcium was measured by arsenazo III colorimetry, and the biuret method was used for total serum protein assay. An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to conduct serum calcium and total serum protein tests.

Results
The mean serum calcium was 2.3 ± 0.15 mmol/L and total serum protein was 67.75 ± 6.02 g/L. The proportions of plasma donors whose serum calcium and total serum protein were lower than normal were 20.55% (815/3,966) and 27.99% (1,111/3,969), respectively. There were significant differences in mean serum calcium and total serum protein of plasma donors with different plasma donation frequencies, gender, age, regions, and body mass index (BMI), (all p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that donation frequencies, age, BMI and regions were significantly associated with a higher risk of low serum calcium level, and donation frequencies, gender, age and regions were significant determinants factors of odds of abnormal total serum protein.

Conclusions
Donation frequencies, gender, age, regions, and BMI showed different effects on serum calcium and total serum protein. More attention should be paid to the age, donation frequency and region of plasma donors to reduce the probability of low serum calcium and low total serum protein.
Evaluation of the Acute Toxicity of Aqueous Extracts from Two Species of Corchorus Genus: Corchorus aestuans L. and Corchorus olitorius L. (Malvaceae)
Authors: Honoré Ta Bi Irié , Delphine Monyn Ebalah , Stéphane Doh Koffi , Koffi N'guessan 
Published: December 2022

Aims: Corchorus aestuans and Corchorus olitorius are two species of the genus commonly mentioned in Côte d'Ivoire as medicinal plants whose leaves decoctions are used to treat various diseases. To avoid cases of intoxication in traditional treatments, this study evaluates the acute toxicity of these plant species by having mice gorge on increasing doses of crude aqueous extract.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Pharmacognosy Laboratory of Félix HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNY University (Côte d'Ivoire), between march 2016 and september 2016.
Methodology: To assess the acute toxicity of the two extracts, we used 110 mice of SWISS breed. These animals aged four to six weeks were of both sexes (55 mice for each sex) and weighed between 13 and 26 g. Before the manipulations, the animals were fasted 12 hours before being divided into 11 batches of 10 mice receiving extract 1 (Corchorus aestuans) and extract 2 (Corchorus olitorius). We observed the effets of each phytomedecine on mice in different batches.
Results: Aqueous extracts of Corchorus aestuans and Corchorus olitorius (Malvaceae), administered orally, exert a dose-response effect. Concerning toxicity activities, Corchorus olitorius is not toxic. However, Corchorus aestuans is slightly toxic in the conditions of this study. The dose which kills half of the animals (LD 50 ) is 3999.93 mg/kg by oral voice (vo). This dose is the threshold of toxicity of the plant in the conditions of this study. Fortunately, this toxicity threshold is not accessible in therapy. The phytomedicine, in the conditions of use in traditional medicine in Côte d'Ivoire, is not toxic.
Conclusion: The two plant species thus offer an interesting margin of safety, which is reassuring as to the use of the decoction, for the treatment of various pathologies.
Clinical Changes in Eye due to Covid - 19 Pandemic: A Review
Authors: Kumari Ragni , Das Prasenjit , Afros Simi , Ali Jamshed , Akhtar Ramlah , Sharma Menka , Trivedi Rajeev , Gupta Sunil Kumar , Khan Tausif Raza 
Published: December 2022

COVID-19 is a coronavirus disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 subtype. Coronaviruses have attracted global attention due to the emergence of severe respiratory syndrome infections such as SARS and MERS in 2003. They were triggered by the introduction of the coronavirus in humans. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is a reminder of the evolution of organisms. For SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, the two viruses have the same angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The human-to-human transfer of SARS-CoCoV-2 occurs through respiratory droplets and contact with the mucous membranes. Eye protection is often required to prevent the spread of SARS-CoBV-2. Human-to-person transmission of SARS-coV-2 occurs through respiratory droplets and contact with the body's mucous membranes. Eyewitnesses have raised concerns that the disease could be transmitted through the ocular surface. Several patients with COVID-19 exhibited ocular abnormalities. Several studies have shown that patients with COVID-19 exhibited ocular anomalies. Further studies suggest that this infection may have a relationship with SARSCoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 is a respiratory illness that has caused thousands of fatalities globally. It has been named COVID-19 Cases of pneumonia were reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The infections were caused by the SARS virus.
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Autologous Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells in Treatment of Keloids
Authors: Fouda Aya Ashraf , EL-Naby Naeim Mohamed Abd , Saad Mohamed Atteya , Shoukr Tarek Gamal , Amin Tarek Al-Sayed 
Published: December 2022

Background: The formation of keloids is accompanied by undesirable aesthetic and psychological impacts. Different therapeutic techniques, including local injection, occlusive dressings, surgical excision, and lasers have been examined for keloids. This work objects to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of autologous adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in keloids treatment.
Methods: This prospective clinical research involved 15 subjects with keloids who were injected with autologous ADSCs three sessions at monthly intervals. Follow up was done for 3 months after treatment and evaluation was done for improvement in Vancouver scar score, patient's opinion and physician's opinion.
Results: In the studied patients, 8 patients (53.3%) showed good improvement (25 – 49%), 7 patients (46.7%) showed very good improvement (50 – 74%) and none of the patients (0%) showed excellent improvement. Side effects were mild and tolerable and included pain during injection and abdominal discomfort for few days after lipoaspiration.
Conclusions: Adipose-derived stem cells are effective, safe and are of more value in improving consistency and vascularity of keloids.
A Commentary on Consumers' Perspectives on IMBOOST Herbal Mixture in the Ghanaian Market
Authors: Obu Raphael Nyarkotey , Aggrey-Bluwey Lawrencia , Somanadhapai Sangeeth , Nugbemado Isaac Newton 
Published: December 2022

Objective: The herbal market in Ghana is flooded with many products approved by the Food and Drugs Authority (FDA). Most of these products appeared during the COVID-19 Pandemic and have gained public confidence and acceptance, marketed as immune boosters. One notable and highly marketed herbal mixture approved as an immune booster by the FDA is the well-known IMBOOST Herbal Mixture.
Aim: This paper examines anecdotal evidence of IMBOOST Herbal Mixture formulated as an immune booster in Ghana.
Methods: In this paper, as researchers, promoters, and advocates of traditional, Complementary, and Alternative Medicine in Africa, we chanced on much anecdotal evidence from the public on the effects of IMBOOST Herbal Mixture on their health.
Hence, we employed a qualitative hearsay case study. Twenty hearsay videos, audio, and Facebook post were assessed; however, 11 were used for the narratives. We were purposive in our data collection process. Inclusion criteria were hearsay evidence that explained medical conditions treated. Exclusion criteria were hearsay evidence that had no relation to medical conditions but only praised the manufacturer. The source of evidence was one distributor of the product who had the videos, audio, and Facebook post of the clients from 2020 to date.
Results: Our result is a shred of hearsay evidence. We believe that hearsay evidence, though, not a standard scientific method, cannot be overlooked in the field of Traditional, Complementary, and Alternative Medicine.
Conclusion: In this paper, we present a commentary on hearsay evidence of IMBOOST Herbal Mixture as an immune booster in Ghana.
Design and Development of a Petrol-Powered Hammer Mill Machine
Authors: Olowonubi J. A. , Adejugbe I. T. , Fatounde S. A. , Aigbovbiosa J. O. , Oyegunwa O. A. , Komolafe O. , Ogunkoya A. K. 
Published: December 2022

A conventional hammer mill is a device consisting of a rotating head with free- swinging hammers, which reduce rock, grains or similarly hard objects to a predetermined size through a perforated screen. Hammer mills can be used for grinding laterite sand in its not-so-fine form into a finer/smaller form for sand production for the building/housing sector. This project is focused on the design, development, and testing of a hammer mill that has a small scale production capability for usage by small and medium scale (SME’s). The grinding process is achieved by the use of a hammer in beating the material fed into fine particles; the fineness aimed depends on the detachable screen with aperture sizes ranging from 87µm to 2 mm. The conceptual design was based on the principle of design by analysis. The methodology adopted was to examine the most critical defects of conventional hammer mills and provide solutions. The major components of the new hammer mill are Inlet tray, Throat, Magnetic chamber, Rotor, Crushing chamber, Hammer mill body, Hammers/Beaters, Screen, Bearings, Discharge, Table or stand, Mechanical drive, Pulleys, The simple aim of this paper is to develop a hammer mill machine that will enhance the efficient grinding operation of laterite rock into a sandy profile to be used in the construction/housing sector. This paper presents the design of an efficient hammer mill machine that was developed with locally sourced materials with ease of maintenance amongst other advantages. The machine is driven by an electric motor of 7.5kW at a speed of 1440rpm and with the appropriate pulley ratio, the machine operated at a speed of 4320RPM with an operating rate of 250kg/hour. Several fabrication techniques such as welding, machining, etc. are adopted for the fabrication of the machine. Dry rocky laterite sample was tested with the machine for operational effectiveness and the result shows that the machine has a grinding capacity of 250kg/hr and grinding efficiency 0f 98.2%. The fabricated laterite grinding machine performed well with high sieving efficiency, reliability, durability with an estimated cost of 965,000.00 Nigerian Naira.
The study was carried out in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. A performance evaluation was carried out on the machine and the grinding efficiency of 94.4% was achieved.
Whole-Exome Sequencing Among Chinese Patients With Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer
Authors: Liu Ze-Xian , Zhang Xiao-Long , Zhao Qi , Chen Yungchang , Sheng Hui , He Cai-Yun , Sun Yu-Ting , Lai Ming-Yu , Wu Min-Qing , Zuo Zhi-Xiang , Wang Wei , Zhou Zhi-Wei , Wang Feng-Hua , Li Yu-Hong , Xu Rui-Hua , Qiu Miao-Zhen 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceThe E-cadherin gene, CDH1, and the α-E-catenin gene, CTNNA1, were previously identified as hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) susceptibility genes, explaining 25% to 50% of HDGC cases. The genetic basis underlying disease susceptibility in the remaining 50% to 75% of patients with HDGC is still unknown.ObjectiveTo assess the incidence rate of CDH1 germline alterations in HDGC, identify new susceptibility genes that can be used for screening of HDGC, and provide a genetic landscape for HDGC.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study conducted retrospective whole-exome and targeted sequencing of 284 leukocyte samples and 186 paired tumor samples from Chinese patients with HDGC over a long follow-up period (median, 21.7 [range, 0.6-185.9] months). Among 10 431 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer between January 1, 2002, and August 31, 2018, 284 patients who met the criteria for HDGC were included. Data were analyzed from August 1 to 30, 2020.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncidence rate of CDH1 germline alterations, identification of new HDGC susceptibility genes, and genetic landscape of HDGC.ResultsAmong 284 Chinese patients, 161 (56.7%) were female, and the median age was 35 (range, 20-75) years. The frequency of CDH1 germline alterations was 2.8%, whereas the frequency of CDH1 somatic alterations was 25.3%. The genes with the highest incidence (&amp;gt;10%) of private germline alterations (including insertions and deletions) in the HDGC cohort were MUC4, ABCA13, ZNF469, FCGBP, IGFN1, RNF213, and SSPO, whereas previously reported germline alterations of CTNNA1, BRCA2, STK11, PRSS1, ATM, MSR1, PALB2, BRCA1, and RAD51C were observed at low frequencies (median, 4 [range, 1-12] cases). Furthermore, enrichment of the somatic variant signature of exposure to aflatoxin suggested potential interaction between genetics and environment in HDGC. Double-hit events in genes such as CACNA1D were observed, which suggested that these events might serve as important mechanisms for HDGC tumorigenesis. In addition, germline variants of FSIP2, HSPG2, and NCKAP5 and somatic alterations of FGFR3, ASPSCR1, CIC, DGCR8, and LZTR1 were associated with poor overall survival among patients with HDGC.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study provided a genetic landscape for HDGC. The study’s findings challenged the previously reported high germline alteration rate of CDH1 in HDGC and identified new potential susceptibility genes. Analyses of variant signatures and double-hit events revealed potentially important mechanisms for HDGC tumorigenesis. Findings from the present study may provide helpful information for further investigations of HDGC.
Comparison of Mitochondrial Adenosine Triphosphate–Sensitive Potassium Channel High- vs Low-Affinity Sulfonylureas and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin
Authors: Wang Meng-Ting , Pan Hsueh-Yi , Huang Ya-Ling , Wu Li-Wei , Wang Pin-Chun , Hsu Yu-Juei , Lin Tzu-Chieh , Lin ChenWei , Lai Jyun-Heng , Lee Chien-Hsing 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceSulfonylureas are frequently used as add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes (T2D), and individual sulfonylurea agents carry different risks of cardiovascular disease. Sulfonylureas’ different affinities to cardiac mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate–sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channels have been speculated to account for the intraclass difference in cardiovascular risk from in vitro and ex vivo studies; however, this hypothesis has not been assessed in a general population with diabetes receiving sulfonylureas added to metformin.ObjectiveTo compare the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, or cardiovascular death in patients with T2D treated with mitoKATP channel high-affinity sulfonylureas and low-affinity sulfonylureas as add-on to metformin.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis is a new-user, active-comparator, and propensity score–matched cohort study with analysis of the Taiwanese Diabetes Mellitus Health Database from 2006, to 2017. Data analysis was performed from August 2020 to July 2021.ExposuresCardiac mitoKATP channel high-affinity (glyburide and glipizide) and low-affinity (gliclazide and glimepiride) sulfonylureas combined with metformin.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), a composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for either MI or ischemic stroke. Secondary outcomes included individual MACE components, heart failure, arrhythmia, all-cause mortality, and severe hypoglycemia. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs).ResultsEach sulfonylurea group comprised 53 714 patients (mean [SD] age, 54.7 [12.1] years; 31 962 men [59.5%]). MitoKATP channel high-affinity sulfonylureas vs low-affinity sulfonylureas when combined with metformin were associated with an increased risk of MACE (aHR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.03-1.34), MI (aHR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.04-1.73), all-cause mortality (aHR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.03-1.57), and severe hypoglycemia (aHR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.58-2.10), but not with increased risks of ischemic stroke, cardiovascular death, arrhythmia, and heart failure. The duration analyses revealed the highest MACE risk during 1 to 90 days after initiation of mitoKATP channel high-affinity sulfonylureas (aHR, 6.06; 95% CI, 4.86-7.55).Conclusions and RelevanceUse of mitoKATP channel high-affinity sulfonylureas vs low-affinity sulfonylureas was associated with an increased MACE risk in patients with T2D concomitantly receiving metformin, suggesting that high-affinity blockage of the mitoKATP channels could account for sulfonylurea-associated MACEs.
Nanoagonist‐Mediated GSDME‐Dependent Pyroptosis Remodels the Inflammatory Microenvironment for Tumor Photoimmunotherapy
Authors: Zheng Lulu , Fan Yan , Wang Xiang , Yang Zhijin , Zhang Yule , Liu Tingting , Chen Mengya , Kang Shifei , Guo Shiwei , Shi Zheng , Wang Yuwen , Zheng Kejie , Cai Shuqi , Dai Bo , Zhuang Songlin , Li Yuhao , Zhang Dawei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractImmunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibody immunotherapy, has revolutionized the treatment ways of cancers and provided remarkable clinical benefits for multiple cancers. However, the efficacy of immunotherapy in tumors with an immune‐excluded or immune‐suppressed phenotype is dismal due to the lack or paucity of immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. Herein, an emerging photoimmunotherapy based on remodeling the inflammatory microenvironment is reported, ascribed to nanoagonist‐mediated gasdermin E (GSDME)‐dependent pyroptosis and providing positive feedback to activate anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy. An iridium‐based photosensitizer (IrP) carrying methyltransferase inhibitor RG108 (R@IrP) lead to rapid cell pyroptosis via the caspase‐3/GSDME pathway under the light activation. Furthermore, light‐elicited pyroptosis synergized with anti‐PD‐1 to induce anti‐tumor photoimmunotherapy. The pro‐inflammatory factors released by pyroptotic cells remodel the inflammatory microenvironment and recruit immune cells to kill tumor cells, resulting in CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes activation, PD‐1 expression enhancement, and dendritic cell slightly maturation. Collectively, these findings present a synergistic strategy of photoimmunotherapy, that is, turning immunological cold tumors into hot tumors that can respond to anti‐PD‐1‐based immunotherapy via precise pathway regulation.
Geometric and Electronic Structure‐Matched Superoxide Dismutase‐Like and Catalase‐Like Sequential Single‐Atom Nanozymes for Osteoarthritis Recession
Authors: Zhong Jingping , Yang Xin , Gao Shangzhi , Luo Ji , Xiang Jianhui , Li Guanhua , Liang Yanling , Tang Lijuan , Qian Cheng , Zhou Jing , Zheng Li , Zhang Kun , Zhao Jinmin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHighly‐active single‐atom nanoenzymes (SAzymes) with biomimetic geometric and electronic coordination structures are highly highlighted to exhibit greatly‐increased catalysis activity. Despite various SAzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐like SAzymes for scavenging superoxide anions to treat osteoarthritis are still absent. In this report, a graphene‐supported ClCuN4‐centered SAzyme (CuN4ClG) is engineered that carries out SOD‐like reactions. Various synchrotron radiation‐based X‐ray valence/structural analyses reveal that the geometric and electronic structures of such ClCuN4 active centers are validated to atomically match natural SOD enzyme after precisely manipulating coordinated N and Cl atoms via the unprecedented pre‐coordination orientation and preservation of copper‐phthalocyanine structure. Cu‐N4ClG SAzymes are endowed with unparalleled catalytic activities and kinetics to degrade O2•¯ into H2O2 and O2, and further exhibit catalase (CAT)‐like activity to sequentially decompose H2O2 and •OH into H2O and O2, wherein the origin of sequential SOD‐like and CAT‐like catalysis routes is uncovered. Impressively, nitroxide radical scavenging and photothermally‐enhanced catalytic activity are reached, synergistically protecting chondrocytes from oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis and alleviating osteoarthritis via re‐programming or normalizing osteoarthritis microenvironments. Cu‐N4ClG SAzymes are competent for other reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐arised lesions, and their rationales provide guidance to design other SAzymes.