bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative study exploring the feasibility, usability and acceptability of neonatal continuous monitoring technologies at a public tertiary hospital in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Kinshella Mai-Lei Woo , Naanyu Violet , Chomba Dorothy , Waiyego Mary , Rigg Jessica , Coleman Jesse , Hwang Bella , Ansermino J Mark , Macharia William M , Ginsburg Amy Sarah 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility, usability and acceptability of two non-invasive, multiparameter, continuous physiological monitoring (MCPM) technologies for use in neonates within a resource-constrained healthcare setting in sub-Saharan Africa.DesignA qualitative study using in-depth interviews and direct observations to describe healthcare professional and caregiver perspectives and experiences with investigational MCPM technologies from EarlySense and Sibel compared with selected reference technologies.SettingPumwani Maternity Hospital is a public, high-volume, tertiary hospital in Nairobi, Kenya.ParticipantsIn-depth interviews were conducted with five healthcare administrators, 12 healthcare providers and 10 caregivers. Direct observations were made of healthcare providers using the technologies on 12 neonates overall.ResultsDesign factors like non-invasiveness, portability, ease-of-use and ability to measure multiple vital signs concurrently emerged as key themes supporting the usability and acceptability of the investigational technologies. However, respondents also reported feasibility challenges to implementation, including overcrowding in the neonatal unit, lack of reliable access to electricity and computers, and concerns about cost and maintenance needs. To improve acceptability, respondents highlighted the need for adequate staffing to appropriately engage caregivers and dispel misconceptions about the technologies.ConclusionStudy participants were positive about the usefulness of the investigational technologies to strengthen clinical care quality and identification of at-risk neonates for better access to timely interventions. These technologies have the potential to improve equity of access to appropriate healthcare services and neonatal outcomes in sub-Saharan African healthcare facilities. However, health system strengthening is also critical to support sustainable uptake of technologies into routine care.Trial registration numberNCT03920761.
Health conditions of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers on search and rescue vessels on the central Mediterranean Sea, 2016–2019: a retrospective analysis
Authors: van Boetzelaer Elburg , Fotso Adolphe , Angelova Ilina , Huisman Geke , Thorson Trygve , Hadj-Sahraoui Hassiba , Kremer Ronald , Kuehne Anna 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesThis study will contribute to the systematic epidemiological description of morbidities among migrants, refugees and asylum seekers when crossing the Mediterranean Sea.SettingSince 2015, Médecins sans Frontières (MSF) has conducted search and rescue activities on the Mediterranean Sea to save lives, provide medical services, to witness and to speak out.ParticipantsBetween November 2016 and December 2019, MSF rescued 22 966 migrants, refugees and asylum seekers.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe conducted retrospective data analysis of data collected between January 2016 and December 2019 as part of routine monitoring of the MSF’s healthcare services for migrants, refugees and asylum seekers on two search and rescue vessels.ResultsMSF conducted 12 438 outpatient consultations and 853 sexual and reproductive health consultations (24.9% of female population, 853/3420) and documented 287 consultations for sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). The most frequently diagnosed health conditions among children aged 5 years or older and adults were skin conditions (30.6%, 5475/17 869), motion sickness (28.6%, 5116/17 869), headache (15.4%, 2 748/17 869) and acute injuries (5.7%, 1013/17 869). Of acute injuries, 44.7% were non-violence-related injuries (453/1013), 30.1% were fuel burns (297/1013) and 25.4% were violence-related injuries (257/1013).ConclusionThe limited testing and diagnostics capacity of the outpatient department, space limitations, stigma and the generally short length of stay of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers on the ships have likely led to an underestimation of morbidities, including mental health conditions and SGBV. The main diagnoses on board were directly related to journey on land and sea and stay in Libya. We conclude that this population may be relatively young and healthy but displays significant journey-related illnesses and includes migrants, refugees and asylum seekers who have suffered significant violence during their transit and need urgent access to essential services and protection in a place of safety on land.
Impairment of gut microbial biotin metabolism and host biotin status in severe obesity: effect of biotin and prebiotic supplementation on improved metabolism
Authors: Belda Eugeni , Voland Lise , Tremaroli Valentina , Falony Gwen , Adriouch Solia , Assmann Karen E , Prifti Edi , Aron-Wisnewsky Judith , Debédat Jean , Le Roy Tiphaine , Nielsen Trine , Amouyal Chloé , André Sébastien , Andreelli Fabrizio , Blüher Matthias , Chakaroun Rima , Chilloux Julien , Coelho Luis Pedro , Dao Maria Carlota , Das Promi , Fellahi Soraya , Forslund Sofia , Galleron Nathalie , Hansen Tue H , Holmes Bridget , Ji Boyang , Krogh Pedersen Helle , Le Phuong , Le Chatelier Emmanuelle , Lewinter Christian , Mannerås-Holm Louise , Marquet Florian , Myridakis Antonis , Pelloux Veronique , Pons Nicolas , Quinquis Benoit , Rouault Christine , Roume Hugo , Salem Joe-Elie , Sokolovska Nataliya , Søndertoft Nadja B , Touch Sothea , Vieira-Silva Sara ,   The MetaCardis Consortium, Galan Pilar , Holst Jens , Gøtze Jens Peter , Køber Lars , Vestergaard Henrik , Hansen Torben , Hercberg Serge , Oppert Jean-Michel , Nielsen Jens , Letunic Ivica , Dumas Marc-Emmanuel , Stumvoll Michael , Pedersen Oluf Borbye , Bork Peer , Ehrlich Stanislav Dusko , Zucker Jean-Daniel , Bäckhed Fredrik , Raes Jeroen , Clément Karine 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesGut microbiota is a key component in obesity and type 2 diabetes, yet mechanisms and metabolites central to this interaction remain unclear. We examined the human gut microbiome’s functional composition in healthy metabolic state and the most severe states of obesity and type 2 diabetes within the MetaCardis cohort. We focused on the role of B vitamins and B7/B8 biotin for regulation of host metabolic state, as these vitamins influence both microbial function and host metabolism and inflammation.DesignWe performed metagenomic analyses in 1545 subjects from the MetaCardis cohorts and different murine experiments, including germ-free and antibiotic treated animals, faecal microbiota transfer, bariatric surgery and supplementation with biotin and prebiotics in mice.ResultsSevere obesity is associated with an absolute deficiency in bacterial biotin producers and transporters, whose abundances correlate with host metabolic and inflammatory phenotypes. We found suboptimal circulating biotin levels in severe obesity and altered expression of biotin-associated genes in human adipose tissue. In mice, the absence or depletion of gut microbiota by antibiotics confirmed the microbial contribution to host biotin levels. Bariatric surgery, which improves metabolism and inflammation, associates with increased bacterial biotin producers and improved host systemic biotin in humans and mice. Finally, supplementing high-fat diet-fed mice with fructo-oligosaccharides and biotin improves not only the microbiome diversity, but also the potential of bacterial production of biotin and B vitamins, while limiting weight gain and glycaemic deterioration.ConclusionStrategies combining biotin and prebiotic supplementation could help prevent the deterioration of metabolic states in severe obesity.Trial registration numberNCT02059538.
Mapping the human gut mycobiome in middle-aged and elderly adults: multiomics insights and implications for host metabolic health
Authors: Shuai Menglei , Fu Yuanqing , Zhong Hai-li , Gou Wanglong , Jiang Zengliang , Liang Yuhui , Miao Zelei , Xu Jin-Jian , Huynh Tien , Wahlqvist Mark L , Chen Yu-ming , Zheng Ju-Sheng 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveThe human gut fungal community, known as the mycobiome, plays a fundamental role in the gut ecosystem and health. Here we aimed to investigate the determinants and long-term stability of gut mycobiome among middle-aged and elderly adults. We further explored the interplay between gut fungi and bacteria on metabolic health.DesignThe present study included 1244 participants from the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study. We characterised the long-term stability and determinants of the human gut mycobiome, especially long-term habitual dietary consumption. The comprehensive multiomics analyses were performed to investigate the ecological links between gut bacteria, fungi and faecal metabolome. Finally, we examined whether the interaction between gut bacteria and fungi could modulate the metabolic risk.ResultsThe gut fungal composition was temporally stable and mainly determined by age, long-term habitual diet and host physiological states. Specifically, compared with middle-aged individuals, Blastobotrys and Agaricomycetes spp were depleted, while Malassezia was enriched in the elderly. Dairy consumption was positively associated with Saccharomyces but inversely associated with Candida. Notably, Saccharomycetales spp interacted with gut bacterial diversity to influence insulin resistance. Bidirectional mediation analyses indicated that bacterial function or faecal histidine might causally mediate an impact of Pichia on blood cholesterol.ConclusionWe depict the sociodemographic and dietary determinants of human gut mycobiome in middle-aged and elderly individuals, and further reveal that the gut mycobiome may be closely associated with the host metabolic health through regulating gut bacterial functions and metabolites.
Secondhand nicotine vaping at home and respiratory symptoms in young adults
Authors: Islam Talat , Braymiller Jessica , Eckel Sandrah P , Liu Feifei , Tackett Alayna P , Rebuli Meghan E , Barrington-Trimis Jessica , McConnell Rob 
Published: January 2022

RationaleDespite high prevalence of e-cigarette use (vaping), little is currently known regarding the health effects of secondhand nicotine vape exposure.ObjectiveTo investigate whether exposure to secondhand nicotine vape exposure is associated with adverse respiratory health symptoms among young adults.MethodWe investigated the effect of secondhand nicotine vape exposure on annually reported wheeze, bronchitic symptoms and shortness of breath in the prospective Southern California Children Health Study cohort. Data were collected from study participants (n=2097) with repeated annual surveys from 2014 (average age: 17.3 years) to 2019 (average age: 21.9). We used mixed effect logistic regression to evaluate the association between secondhand nicotine vape and respiratory symptoms after controlling for relevant confounders.ResultsPrevalence of secondhand nicotine vape increased from 11.7% to 15.6% during the study period in this population. Prevalence of wheeze, bronchitic symptoms and shortness of breath ranged from 12.3% to 14.9%, 19.4% to 26.0% and 16.5% to 18.1%, respectively, during the study period. Associations of secondhand nicotine vape exposure with bronchitic symptoms (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.84) and shortness of breath (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.21) were observed after controlling for vaping, active and passive exposure to tobacco or cannabis, and demographic characteristics (age, gender, race/ethnicity and parental education). Stronger associations were observed when analysis was restricted to participants who were neither smokers nor vapers. There were no associations with wheezing after adjustment for confounders.ConclusionSecondhand nicotine vape exposure was associated with increased risk of bronchitic symptoms and shortness of breath among young adults.
Bacterial biofilms predominate in both acute and chronic human lung infections
Authors: Kolpen Mette , Kragh Kasper Nørskov , Enciso Juan Barraza , Faurholt-Jepsen Daniel , Lindegaard Birgitte , Egelund Gertrud Baunbæk , Jensen Andreas Vestergaard , Ravn Pernille , Mathiesen Inger Hee Mabuza , Gheorge Alexandra Gabriella , Hertz Frederik Boëtius , Qvist Tavs , Whiteley Marvin , Jensen Peter Østrup , Bjarnsholt Thomas 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundA basic paradigm of human infection is that acute bacterial disease is caused by fast growing planktonic bacteria while chronic infections are caused by slow-growing, aggregated bacteria, a phenomenon known as a biofilm. For lung infections, this paradigm has been thought to be supported by observations of how bacteria proliferate in well-established growth media in the laboratory—the gold standard of microbiology.ObjectiveTo investigate the bacterial architecture in sputum from patients with acute and chronic lung infections.MethodsAdvanced imaging technology was used for quantification and direct comparison of infection types on fresh sputum samples, thereby directly testing the acute versus chronic paradigm.ResultsIn this study, we compared the bacterial lifestyle (planktonic or biofilm), growth rate and inflammatory response of bacteria in freshly collected sputum (n=43) from patient groups presenting with acute or chronic lung infections. We found that both acute and chronic lung infections are dominated by biofilms (aggregates of bacteria within an extracellular matrix), although planktonic cells were observed in both sample types. Bacteria grew faster in sputum from acute infections, but these fast-growing bacteria were enriched in biofilms similar to the architecture thought to be reserved for chronic infections. Cellular inflammation in the lungs was also similar across patient groups, but systemic inflammatory markers were only elevated in acute infections.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the current paradigm of equating planktonic with acute and biofilm with chronic infection needs to be revisited as the difference lies primarily in metabolic rates, not bacterial architecture.
Flavour spectrum of the Puff family of disposable e-cigarettes
Authors: Ramamurthi Divya , Chau Cindy , Berke Hannah Y , Tolba Afnan M , Yuan Lu , Kanchan Vedika , Santos Giulia , Jackler Robert K 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundIn January 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration prohibited the sale of flavours (except for menthol and tobacco) in prefilled pod devices such as JUUL to decrease youth vaping. Excluded from the prohibition were disposable devices.ObjectivesTo determine the scope and scale of flavours marketed by Puff Bar, a leading disposable brand, and related products.MethodsDisposable e-cigarette flavours were identified via online searches encompassing vendor websites, wholesale distributors, manufacturers (eg, made-in-china.com), and social media channel, Instagram, between June and August 2020.ResultsThe ‘Puff’ brand name and iconic cloud logo appear on a variety of products of differing sizes and nicotine e-liquid volumes. Among Puff Bar and its copycats (Puff-a-Likes), 139 flavours were identified. Fruit flavours predominated comprising 82.2% of the flavour varieties (fruit 50%, fruit and menthol/mint 23.6%, and fruity drinks 8.6%). A prevalent new flavour category which combines fruit with menthol/mint (Ice) was offered in 33 varieties such as Lychee Ice, Lush Ice and Banana Ice. Disposable e-cigarette brands are undertaking measures to escape tobacco regulation (eg, non-tobacco-sourced nicotine) and flavour limitations via post-market flavour additions to unflavoured nicotine e-liquid.ConclusionsThe proliferation of flavoured disposable e-cigarette products, many of which are designed to emulate popular pod devices, illustrates that narrowly limited flavour regulations covering only a single category are destined to fail. To be effective in youth protection, flavour regulations need to apply to all recreational nicotine-containing products and need to include measures to counter post-market flavour addition.
Mellin–Barnes integrals and the method of brackets
Authors: Gonzalez Ivan , Kondrashuk Igor , Moll Victor H. , Recabarren Luis M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe method of brackets is a method for the evaluation of definite integrals based on a small number of rules. This is employed here for the evaluation of Mellin–Barnes integral. The fundamental idea is to transform these integral representations into a bracket series to obtain their values. The expansion of the gamma function in such a series constitute the main part of this new application. The power and flexibility of this procedure is illustrated with a variety of examples.
Effect of Laparoscopic Total Extraperitoneal Umbilical Hernia Repair on Incision Infection, Complication Rate, and Recurrence Rate in Patients with Umbilical Hernia
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Li Li , Liu Bo , Wang Fengen , Wang Wenli , Liu Xian , Ju Yanmei 
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study is to clarify the influence of laparoscopic total extraperitoneal umbilical hernia repair on incision infection, complication rate, and recurrence rate in patients with an umbilical hernia (UH). Sixty-seven UH patients referred to our hospital from June 2017 to June 2019 were selected as the research participants. Thirty-six patients in the research group (RG) were treated with laparoscopic total extraperitoneal umbilical hernia repair, and the other 31 cases in the control group (CG) were treated with traditional umbilical hernia repair. The two cohorts of patients were compared with respect to the curative effect after treatment; intraoperative blood loss, operation time, postoperative pain time, ambulation time, and hospital stay; incidence of complications; pain severity (VAS) before and after operation; sleep quality (PSQI) before and after operation; patient satisfaction after treatment; and recurrence half a year after discharge. The RG presented a higher effective treatment rate (

P

< 0.05), less intraoperative blood loss, operation time, postoperative pain time, ambulation time, and hospital stay, as well as lower incidence of complications than the CG (

P

< 0.05). VAS and PSQI scores differed insignificantly between the two cohorts of patients before treatment (

P

> 0.05) but reduced after treatment, with lower VAS and PSQI scores in the RG than in the CG (

P

< 0.05). The number of people who were highly satisfied, as investigated by the satisfaction survey, was higher in the RG than in the CG, while the recurrence rate of prognosis was lower than that in the CG (

P

< 0.05). Laparoscopic total extraperitoneal umbilical hernia repair is effective for UH patients and can validly reduce the incidence of complications and recurrence rate, which has huge clinical application value.
Abstract IA-37: Addressing cancer health disparities among Indigenous communities
Authors: Caron Nadine R. , Garvey Gail , Scott Nina , Clarmont Warren , Linn Kevin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Many Indigenous Peoples around the world continue to experience substantial inequities in health as a result of the enduring legacy of colonisation, marginalization and disempowerment. While there are many thousands of miles that separate our presenters by distance, we are united in our conviction to work collaboratively to improve the health and wellbeing of Indigenous peoples and to honor the cultural diversity and strengths within our communities with whom we are fortunate to work alongside. Providing global, national and regional perspectives from New Zealand, Australia and Canada, this presentation will capture both the common strengths and shared challenges faced by Indigenous Peoples within the realm of health, wellness, and cancer. Harnessing learnings and reflections from previous World Indigenous Cancer Conferences (WICCs), and the presenters research activities, they will discuss the challenges and solutions to improve cancer surveillance, strengthening our ability to develop and monitor cancer control plans with a focus on improving equity in cancer outcomes. This session directly responds to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) and Indigenous People's rights to self-determination.
Citation Format: Nadine R. Caron, Gail Garvey, Nina Scott, Warren Clarmont, Kevin Linn. Addressing cancer health disparities among Indigenous communities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA-37.
Abstract PO-004: Hot spot analysis of cervical cancer among racial and ethnic minorities in Los Angeles County
Authors: Martinez Bibiana M. , Thompson Laura , Cockburn Myles , Tsui Jennifer 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Geospatial analysis of cervical cancer cases traditionally combines all racial and ethnic subgroups when examining patterns of disease distribution. Given the diverse populations of Los Angeles County (LAC), there are likely distinct barriers as well as linguistic needs of cancer preventive care unique to high risk populations. We compared the distribution of clusters of cervical cancer disease for Latinas, African Americans, and Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders (AAPI), the three largest racial/ethnic minority groups in LAC. Methods: We included data for all stages of cervical cancer (only malignant tumors) diagnosed from 2000 to 2018 in LAC separately for Latinas, African Americans, and AAPI from the Los Angeles County Cancer Surveillance Program. Hot spot analyses were performed using the Getis-Ord GI*statistic in ArcGIS to compare the distribution of statistically significant clusters of cervical cancer cases in LAC using a fixed band. Hot and cold spots with less than 11 cases were suppressed to protect patient confidentiality. Results: Results show that the pattern of cervical cancer clustering across racial/ethnic categories varies substantially across LAC. Among Latinas (N=4303), data show hot spots in Central and Eastern Los Angeles as well as the San Fernando Valley; hot spots exist in Hollywood, Mid-City, the South Bay, the San Gabriel foothills, and the Eastern suburbs of Los Angeles for Asians/Pacific Islanders (N=1332); and hot spots emerged in Central and South Los Angeles, Long Beach and Alhambra for African Americans (N=770). Cervical cancer hot spots do not fully coincide with the residential distribution of racial/ethnic groups in LAC based on data from the 5-year American Community Survey (2014-2018), particularly among Latinas. Discussion: Given the marked differences in cervical cancer disease clustering across racial and ethnic populations in LAC, hot spot analyses of these groups should be performed separately. Using appropriate methodologies for modeling the geospatial distribution of cervical cancer has important implications for the effective planning, location, and delivery of culturally and linguistically appropriate vaccination and screening interventions to address the diverse cervical cancer prevention needs of different communities in LAC.
Citation Format: Bibiana M. Martinez, Laura Thompson, Myles Cockburn, Jennifer Tsui. Hot spot analysis of cervical cancer among racial and ethnic minorities in Los Angeles County [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-004.