bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observance of the rights of suspects and accused during transportation in the context of modernization of special vehicles
Authors: Kashirskiy Dmitriy Yurievich , Baumtrog Viktor Etmontovich , Tumanov Danil Mikhailovich 
Published: April 2022

Abstract: The subject of the study is the specifics of the transportation of suspects and accused in the Russian Federation. The object of the study is the conditions of detention and transportation of citizens in specialized cars. The authors consider in detail such aspects of the topic as the features presented in international practice and in our country to the requirements for these cars. Particular attention is paid to what complaints are sent by suspects and accused about the conditions of their detention, as well as at the time of movement in specialized vehicles. The paper presents the basic requirements for special vehicles designed to transport suspects and accused. В The main conclusions of this study are the minimization of the violations indicated in the article, while improving Russian legislation, striving in this direction to the norms of international law. A special contribution of the authors of the research topic is a practical overview of the main violations of the rights of suspects or accused. The novelty of the research lies in the systematization of the basic requirements for detention in temporary detention facilities. This scientific work can be considered as a set of measures to improve the content of these persons. The main approaches in this work can be used for a set of measures to prevent such violations against the individual.
Analysis of search queries as a tool for comparative assessment of the need for psychotherapeutic help
Authors: Chernenko Anton Mironovich , Agarkov Vsevolod Aleksandrovich , Bronfman Svetlana Aronovna 
Published: April 2022

The subject of this study is the dependence of the frequency of search queries related to a certain medical and/or psychological problem on time and geographical location. In this study, two types of search queries were studied: "status" queries and "help" queries. To obtain data on the frequency characteristics of requests, the capabilities of the Googl Trends web application were used. Requests for "help" were investigated based on the results of an anonymous questionnaire of those who applied for psychological help to the Moscow Psychological Assistance Service for the Population. Seasonal variations of the query "depression" qualitatively repeat seasonal fluctuations, which are one of the main characteristics of this disease: spring-autumn peaks of circulation with summer-winter recessions. Attention is also drawn to the high severity of the autumn peak in the number of requests. At the same time, the graph of the frequency of requests for the word "alarm" does not have such a pronounced cyclicity and does not show an upward trend in the second half of the year. The analysis of the "help" requests found: (1) seasonal cyclicity, similar to the "depression" query вЂ” with spring and autumn peaks, and (2) a downward trend by the end of the year, unlike the "depression" query. В В В В The analysis of search queries presented in this article is an important research tool, since the statistical characteristics obtained in such a study are independent of traditional statistics based on the analysis of patients' appeals to medical or psychological institutions. Thus, we found that seasonal variations of the query "depression" qualitatively repeat seasonal fluctuations in the frequency of occurrence of the disease: spring-autumn peaks alternate with summer-winter declines, which may indicate the reliability of evaluating search queries as a tool for analyzing depressive and anxietyвЂ“depressive states. Variations of "help" requests also have a similar cyclicity.
Dry Fish Market Condition and Socio-economic Status of Dry Fish Retailer: A Survey Study in Noakhali, Bangladesh
Authors: Chandra Saha Rajan , Naher Rima Nazmun , Emdadul Haq Md , Sultana Tasnim 
Published: April 2022

Background: Fish drying is very common in the entire coastal areas of Bangladesh and these dried fishes have demand both in domestic and international market though the people involved early in the production chain (fishing and drying) add relatively more value and make little profit. Present investigation gives an idea about the scenario of the dried fish market and livelihood pattern of dry fish seller in the Noakhali region, an important coastal region in southern part of Bangladesh.
Methodology: Twenty five retails shops from 12 markets under five upazilla of Noakhali district were surveyed for the study.
Results: Nineteen species of dried fish and 7 types of semi-fermented and salted fish were found in the dried fish market of study area. Most demanded species of dried fish were Harpadon nehereus (Hamilton, 1822), Trichiurus lepturus, Coilia dussumieri,and Apocryptes bato. Peak marketing season of dried fish was rainy season. The market share of freshwater fishes was found 79% and marine water fishes 21%. Average 40% of the retailer completed only the primary level of education. Forty eight percent retailer earn 200-500BDT, 44% earn 500-1000BDT and 8% earn more than 1000BDT daily. Only 4 dried fish retailers have alternative sources of income and 21 have no alternative sources of income. Three types of marketing channels were found in the dried fish market of Noakhali.
Conclusion: Several constraints were found in the dried fish market of Noakhali such as rapid damage of dry fishes, high transaction costs, lack of marketing infrastructure, transportation and storage facilities, etc.
How Poliomyelitis Eradication Interventions Have Affected the Knowledge, Attitudes and Uptake of Polio Vaccines among Nigerian Women
Authors: Onoja Ali Johnson , Babarinde James Dele , Sanni Felix Olaniyi , Babarinde Modupe Tabitha , Onoja Sheila Iye 
Published: April 2022

Background: Immunization has been shown to be an effective technique for managing and eliminating life-threatening infectious diseases, averting about two million deaths per year. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and uptake of polio vaccines among Nigerian women.
Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive design that involved applying an interviewer-administered questionnaire.
Place of study: The impact assessment was conducted in the 11 National Stop Transmission of Poliomyelitis Program (NSTOP) intervention states in two geopolitical zones of Northern Nigeria, Northwest and Northeast.
Methodology: A total of 2592 caregivers/mothers were interviewed from 262 households in the states. Data collections were done at households in all the intervention states in the two geopolitical zones. The data were analyzed with IBM-SPSS version 25.0.
Results: Mothers/caregivers showed high awareness of poliomyelitis vaccines (>99%). A significantly higher proportion (58.4%) of mothers from intervention states said the recent routine immunization section was less than a month ago than 45.7% of women in non-intervention states (P<.05). Mothers/caregivers' attitude to immunization was excellent as 98.8% said all children be fully vaccinated at 12 months. A higher proportion (96.6%) of women from the intervention regions said the time spent on vaccination is worth it than 93.8% of those without the interventions (P=.05). More mothers (95.5%) from the intervention areas have immunized their children within the last years than 91.7% of non-intervention mothers (P<.05). A significantly higher proportion of mothers from intervention regions (96.1%) said their children were immunized as scheduled than 94.4% of those from non-intervention areas (P<.05).
Conclusion: Given its success thus far, it is recommended that the NSTOP program be sustained and, if possible, expanded geographically to cover the entire country when resources permit. This step will help keep polio permanently out of the country and reduce mortality among under-five children.
Evaluation of In vitro Activity of Antimicrobial Potential and Phytochemical Screening of Methanol Extract of Curcuma longa Linn against Some Clinical Isolates
Authors: Maduakor U. C. , Onuora C. L. , Okonkwo I. N. , Maduakor C. J. 
Published: April 2022

Since ancient times, plants have been used as a source of medicinal compounds. This study was carried out to assess the antimicrobial potential of the methanol extract of Curcuma longa rhizome against some clinical isolates. A total of seven clinical isolates including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, and Fusarium species were used. Different concentrations of the extracts were made. Agar well diffusion methods were used for bacterial and Candida albicans while agar dilution technique was used for the mold strains. Ciprofloxacin and Fluconazole were used as a standard positive control against the bacteria and fungi respectively. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a negative control. The result showed that methanol extract of Curcuma longa rhizome inhibited the growth of all tested organisms. The zone of inhibition of K. pneumoniae ranged from 9.33-13.33mm, S. aureus, 6.33-12.67mm, E. coli, 8- 11.67mm, P. aeruginosa, 7.67-10mm, and Candida albicans 8.33-13mm while the control drug Ciprofloxacin ranged from 25.33-41.33mm and fluconazole was 20mm. The percentage inhibition of diameter of growth of Fusarium spp ranged from 74.61-100% and that of A. flavus ranged from 32.44-100%. The positive control drug (Fluconazole) and 250mg/ml of the extract showed complete inhibition of the test organisms. Qualitative phytochemical studies of the extract of Curcuma longa in different solvents (N-hexane, water, methanol, and acetone) showed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins, glycosides, and flavonoids. This result is indicative of its broad-spectrum antimicrobial potential and could be employed in the management and treatment of infections. This study corroborates the plant's historic use and lays the groundwork for potential therapeutic development.
Cerebral Palsy among Children Seen in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital: Aetiologies and Comorbidities
Authors: Gabriel-Job N. , Frank-Briggs A. I. , Douglas S. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common neurologic disorder, particularly in the developing countries where the aetiological factors are preventable. The aim of this study is to determine the pattern of Cerebral palsy among children in Port Harcourt.
Methods: A one year retrospective descriptive study of patients seen in the Paediatrics Neurology clinic with a diagnosis of Cerebral palsy was done. Demographics, medical history, examination and investigation findings were obtained from the Patients’ medical records.
Results: A total of 111 children with CP were seen in the clinic from 2020 – 2021. There were 75 (67.6%) males and 36 (32.4%) females giving a male to female ratio of 2:1. Their ages ranged from 6 months to 12 years with a mean age of 3.4 ± 1.9 years at presentation. Birth asphyxia 56(50.1%), bilirubin encephalopathy 22(19.8%) and neonatal infections 8 (7.2%) were the leading cause of CP. The commonest subtype of CP was spastic quadriplegia in 68 (61.3%) of them. Microcephaly (26.7%), seizure disorder (24%) and speech impairment (16.0%) were the commonest observed comorbidities.
Conclusion: CP is still prevalent in Port Harcourt. Preventable causes remain the leading culprit. Modalities to prevent birth asphyxia and bilirubin encephalopathy in our community will reduce the incidence of CP.
Unconventional Spin Pumping and Magnetic Damping in an Insulating Compensated Ferrimagnet
Authors: Li Yan , Zheng Dongxing , Fang Bin , Liu Chen , Zhang Chenhui , Chen Aitian , Ma Yinchang , Shen Ka , Liu Haoliang , Manchon Aurélien , Zhang Xixiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecently, the interest in spin pumping (SP) has escalated from ferromagnets into antiferromagnetic systems, potentially enabling fundamental physics and magnonic applications. Compensated ferrimagnets are considered alternative platforms for bridging ferro‐ and antiferromagnets, but their SP and the associated magnetic damping have been largely overlooked so far despite their seminal importance for magnonics. Herein, an unconventional SP together with magnetic damping in an insulating compensated ferrimagnet Gd3Fe5O12 (GdIG) is reported. Remarkably, the divergence of the nonlocal effective magnetic damping induced by SP close to the compensation temperature in GdIG/Cu/Pt heterostructures is identified unambiguously. Furthermore, the coherent and incoherent spin currents, generated by SP and the spin Seebeck effect, respectively, undergo a distinct direction change with the variation of temperature. The physical mechanisms underlying these observations are self‐consistently clarified by the ferrimagnetic counterpart of SP and the handedness‐related spin‐wave spectra. The findings broaden the conventional paradigm of the ferromagnetic SP model and open new opportunities for exploring the ferrimagnetic magnonic devices.
Highly Stable Halide‐Electrolyte‐Based All‐Solid‐State Li–Se Batteries
Authors: Li Xiaona , Liang Jianwen , Kim Jung Tae , Fu Jiamin , Duan Hui , Chen Ning , Li Ruying , Zhao Shangqian , Wang Jiantao , Huang Huan , Sun Xueliang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSolid‐state Li–S and Li–Se batteries are promising devices that can address the safety and electrochemical stability issues that arise from liquid‐based systems. However, solid‐state Li–Se/S batteries usually present poor cycling stability due to the high resistance interfaces and decomposition of solid electrolytes caused by their narrow electrochemical stability windows. Here, an integrated solid‐state Li–Se battery based on a halide Li3HoCl6 solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity is presented. The intrinsic wide electrochemical stability window of the Li3HoCl6 and its stability toward Se and the lithiated species effectively inhibit degeneration of the electrolyte and the Se cathode by suppressing side reactions. The inherent thermodynamic mechanism of the lithiation/delithiation process of the Se cathode in solid is also revealed and confirmed by theoretical calculations. The battery achieves a reversible capacity of 402 mAh g−1 after 750 cycles. The electrochemical performance, thermodynamic lithiation/delithiation mechanism, and stability of metal‐halide‐based Li–Se batteries confer theoretical study and practical applicability that extends to other energy‐storage systems.
Strain Release in GaN Epitaxy on 4° Off‐Axis 4H‐SiC
Authors: Feng Sirui , Zheng Zheyang , Cheng Yan , Ng Yat Hon , Song Wenjie , Chen Tao , Zhang Li , Liu Kai , Cheng Kai , Chen Kevin J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA hybrid field‐effect transistor (HyFET), superior for power electronic applications, can be created by harnessing the merits of two representative wide‐bandgap semiconductors, gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon carbide (SiC). Yet, the incompactness in the epitaxy techniques hinders the development of the HyFET—GaN is usually grown on on‐axis foreign substrates including SiC, whereas SiC homoepitaxy prefers off‐axis substrates. This work presents a GaN‐based heterostructure epitaxially grown on a conventional 4° off‐axis 4H‐SiC substrate, which manifests its high quality and suitability for constructing GaN‐based high‐electron‐mobility transistors, thereby suggesting a practical approach to realizing HyFETs. In the meanwhile, a distinct two‐step biaxial strain‐relaxation process is proposed and studied with comprehensive characterizations.
Facile, Energy‐Efficient Microscale Fibrillation of Polyacrylamides under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Cruz Menandro V. , Shah Darshil U. , Warner Nina C. , McCune Jade A. , Scherman Oren A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInsight into fiber formation can provide new rationale for the design and preparation of fibers with programmed mechanical properties. While synthetic bioinspired fibers have shown impressive tensile properties, the fiber formation process remains poorly understood. Moreover, these systems are highly complex and their formation is environmentally and economically costly. Controlled fiber formation under ambient conditions from polyacrylamide solutions with properties comparable to natural fibers such as wool and coir is demonstrated. Photopolymerization and subsequent microscale fibrillation of different acrylamides in water/ethanol mixtures yield a simple and energy‐efficient route to fiber formation. This strategy reduces required processing energy by two‐to‐three orders of magnitude. Through extensive experimental elucidation, insight into precise fiber forming conditions of polymeric solutions is achieved. Ethanol is utilized as a chain transfer agent to control the molecular weight of the polyacrylamides, and the entanglement regimes of the solutions are determined through rheological characterization showing fiber formation above the entanglement concentration. Unique from previously reported hydrogel microfibers, it is shown that fibers with good mechanical properties can be obtained without the need for composites or crosslinkers. The reported approach offers a platform for fiber formation under ambient conditions with molecular‐level understanding of their assembly.
Pseudo‐Planar Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaics with Optimized Light Utilization for Printable Solar Windows
Authors: Liu Siqi , Li Haojie , Wu Xueting , Chen Dong , Zhang Lin , Meng Xiangchuan , Tan Licheng , Hu Xiaotian , Chen Yiwang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe existing conformation of the active layer is defective for employment of semitransparent organic solar cells (ST‐OSCs) in solar windows. Herein, scalable solar windows are successfully printed by introducing a pseudo‐planar heterojunction (PPHJ) structure. The PPHJ structure can effectively improve the average visible transmittance (AVT) value while boosting the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of semitransparent devices due to the reduced optical loss. The universality of the PPHJ structure in the preparation of ST‐OSCs is proved. Furthermore, an inset of a superhydrophobic patterned soft insertion layer (PSIL) in the encapsulated window improves the waterproof performance without losing transparency. Accordingly, the semitransparent devices based on the 2,2′‐((2Z,2′Z)‐((12,13‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3,9‐diundecyl‐12,13‐dihydro‐[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐e]thieno[2″,3″:4′,5′]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]pyrrolo[3,2‐g]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐b]indole‐2,10‐diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6‐difluoro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐2,1‐diylidene))dimalononitrile (Y6) system afford a maximal efficiency of 14.62%, with a considerable AVT of 20.42%, and the resultant solar windows achieve a stabilized efficiency of 13.34% with excellent waterproof performance. Moreover, the PCE of the unilateral broken solar windows retains 70.6% of the initial efficiency after being placed under simulated rainfall conditions for 1200 h at room temperature.
Effects of formalin preservation on egg size of small pelagic fish as major target species in ichthyoplankton surveys
Authors: Nyuji Mitsuo , Yoneda Michio , Nakamura Masahiro , Watai Mikio , Yasuda Tohya , Takasuka Akinori 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPreservation is critical for egg and larval samples from ichthyoplankton surveys. As growing interest is directed toward maternal effects on egg quality, historical collections of egg samples in formalin are potentially invaluable materials but concerns about the effects of formalin preservation need to be clarified. The present study examined effects of formalin preservation on egg size of Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus, chub mackerel Scomber japonicus and Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus over a long period (30–36 months). Overall, the egg sizes slightly decreased in a couple of months after preservation but then recovered to be at a similar level to the live eggs for diameters of spherical eggs of sardine and mackerel and short diameters of ellipsoidal eggs of anchovy, although a caveat lies in unstable and slightly increasing patterns in long diameters of anchovy eggs. No substantial differences were found between 5% and 10% formalin solutions. For practical purposes, we conclude that no correction factors are required for using the measurements of egg samples preserved in formalin over a long period. Assuming the applicability to congeneric species, the information presented here supports the validity of previous studies and will promote future studies on egg size variability in small pelagic fish based on historical collections of egg samples preserved in formalin in various regions of the world.
Facilitated propylene transport in mixed matrix membranes containing ZIF‐8@Agmim core‐shell hybrid material
Authors: Feng Xiaoquan , Peng Donglai , Shan Meixia , Niu Xinpu , Zhang Yatao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe ZIF‐8@Agmim core‐shell hybrid material was synthesized via a favorable post‐modification method of ion exchange (PMIE). This infrequent ZIF‐8@Agmim core‐shell structure maintains a well‐integrated pore size that is almost the same as ZIF‐8. The similar equilibrium isotherms with ZIF‐8 and better kinetic separation toward propylene/propane than ZIF‐8 render ZIF‐8@Agmim to be an interesting candidate for propylene/propane separation. The core‐shell hybrid nanomaterial was further used as nanofillers in the polymer of intrinsic microporosity matrix (PIM‐1) for propylene/propane separation. The resultant mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs) exhibited a simultaneous increase in C3H6 permeability and C3H6/C3H8 ideal selectivity compared to pure polymer membrane owing to a synergistic effect of molecular sieving from ZIF‐8 and π‐complexation of Ag+ with propylene. The separation performance of the prepared MMM surpasses the upper bound line of polymer membranes. Furthermore, the hybrid materials possess superb photochemical stability and the corresponding MMMs exhibit excellent anti‐aging property and long‐term stability.
Ion‐“distillation” for isolating lithium from lake brine
Authors: Jiang Chenxiao , Chen Binglun , Xu Ziang , Li Xingya , Wang Yaoming , Ge Liang , Xu Tongwen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLithium demands increase dramatically and make it highly attractive to develop advanced ion separation technology/material. However, high Mg2+/Li+ ratio impedes the extraction due to the difficulties in separation of the two ions. Here, we propose an ion‐“distillation” technology based on electro‐membrane stacking for the extraction of Li+ from lake brine (Mg2+/Li+ ratio: 31.58). This technology employs commercially available monovalent ion‐selective membranes, and ions are driven by electric. Using the four‐stage ion‐“distillation” technology, selectivity values of 26,177 and 27,000 are achieved between Li+ and Mg2+ and between Cl− and SO42−, respectively. The electro‐stripping mechanism when monovalent ion migrating across the membranes probably magnitude the Li+ selectivity, which is higher than the other reported values in the literature for membrane processes, and the purity of the final LiCl product is greater than battery grade (99.95%). The proposed process can potentially be applied in efficient ion fractionation and special separations.