bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiomics based on RESOLVE ADC in differentiating benign and malignant lymph nodes in rectal cancer
Authors: Wang Ke-xin , Dai Jie , Bai Xiao-han , Wang Chen , Zhang Jiu-lou , Li Yang , Yu Jing , Xu Qing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The preoperative prediction of lymph node (LN) metastasis (LNM) in rectal cancer assumes a pivotal role in risk stratification and therapeutic decision-making. This study aimed to construct and validate a clinical-radiomics nomogram in non-invasively predicting LNM based on readout segmentation of long variable echo-trains (RESOLVE) apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).
Methods
This retrospective study included preoperative images of 206 rectal cancer patients, containing 261 pathologically confirmed LNs, at our hospital between August 2018 and February 2022. There were 144 patients (55 in the LNM group and 89 in the non-LNM group) with 182 LNs (76 metastatic LNs and 106 benign LNs) in the training cohort and 62 patients (25 in the LNM group and 37 in the non-LNM group) with 79 LNs (31 metastatic LNs and 48 benign LNs) in the validation cohort. Image segmentation was performed by manually delineating the whole tumor and the maximum cross-section of each LN. The maximum-relevance and minimum-redundancy (mRMR) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) methods were used to construct radiomics signature. Logistic regression modeling was employed to construct models based on clinical factors and LN morphologic criteria (model 1), tumor radiomics features combined with LN radiomics features (model 2), and model 2 combined with model 1 (model 3). Then model 3 was converted as a form of clinical-radiomics nomogram. Diagnostic performance was assessed by the area under the curve (AUC). The DeLong test was conducted to compare AUCs between models. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to assess the clinical usefulness of three models.
Results
Both model 2 and model 3 showed higher AUCs in the training (model 2 0.930, model 3 0.948) and validation cohorts (model 2 0.864, model 3 0.887) than model 1(training 0.742; validation 0.745). Model 3 showed improved diagnostic performance over model 2 (P = 0.049) and model 1(P < 0.001) in the training cohort. The DCA indicated that model 3 was regarded as the candidate model to identify LN status.
Conclusions
The clinical-radiomics nomogram, incorporating RESOLVE ADC based-radiomic features from tumors and LNs with clinical factors and LN morphologic criteria was promising for predicting LNM in rectal cancer.
Fire Simulation and Emergency Evacuation in University Office Buildings
Authors: XIAO Mufeng , ZHOU Xihua , HAN Yanchun , PAN Xinxin , FU Qiang , GAO Jialu , HAN Baoxin , LIN Tao , WANG Yongjian , WANG Jue 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
University office buildings are crowded places with significant fire safety risks due to various electrical and experimental equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to study the emergency evacuation of office staff in a university office building under fire conditions. This paper employs the BIM technology to establish 1:1 modeling based on the actual size and volume of a university office building. It utilizes the Pyrosim software to simulate the smoke in the fire situation to analyze the change rules of smoke temperature, concentration, and visibility in the evacuation staircase position of university office buildings. Pathfinder software is utilized to simulate the emergency evacuation of personnel in office buildings, and analyze the influences of the number of loads, the number of exits, and the position of stairs on evacuation efficiency. The results indicate that the change in smoke temperature and visibility significantly influence the emergency evacuation of office staff in office buildings. Since the original opening number of exits and entrances of university office buildings cannot meet the safe evacuation requirements, the layout of exits should be re-planned. Appropriately increasing the number of exits can effectively improve evacuation efficiency. Measures should be considered to confine the number of personnel in university office buildings. The research results provide theoretical and data support for emergency evacuation management of the university office building in the fire.
Comparison of Long-Term Anatomical and Visual Outcomes of Diabetic Tractional Retinal Detachment Surgery with or without ILM Peeling
Authors: Pehlivanoğlu Seren , Bektasoglu Damla , Özçalışkan Şehnaz , Alagoz Cengiz , Erdogan Gurkan , Artunay Ozgur 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundTo analyze the anatomical and functional outcomes of ILM peeling and to compare those with patients who did not perform ILM peeling in tractional retinal detachment with diabetic retinopathy.MethodsThe study was designed retrospectively. It was planned to include all consecutive eyes with TRD that had macular involvement and successful repair using 23-gauge(G) pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) between 2019 and 2021 and were followed in the retina for at least 12 months. A total of 163 eyes were evaluated. Forty-seven eyes with TRD (24 without ILM peeling and the rest with ILM peeling applied) were eligible to be part of the study.ResultsIn the first month of the postoperative period, the mean BCVA(LogMAR) of eyes with ILM peeling (1.08±0.63) were significantly better than eyes with ILM non-peeling (1.69±0.75, p=0.003). Similarly, there was a statistically significant result at 9- and 12-months p=0.012 p=0.047, respectively. The mean preoperative CMT was 494.96±90.67 while 362± 85.77 in postoperative 1 month and 300.74± 86.23 in 12 months in study group.(for each, p=0.000) Although the mean CMT was thinner in the ILM peeling group than in the ILM non-peeling group during the follow-up, this difference was not statistically significant(p>0.05).ConclusionsEpiretinal membrane formation and macular edema were observed less frequently in the ILM peeling group during the 30-month follow-up. In addition, rapid improvement was achieved in terms of visual acuity in the eyes with ILM peeling.
Stressors related to the Covid-19 pandemic, climate change, and the Ukraine crisis, and their impact on stress symptoms in Germany: analysis of cross-sectional survey data
Authors: Weierstall-Pust Roland , Schnell Thomas , Heßmann Philipp , Feld Michael , Höfer Max , Plate Anna , Müller Matthias J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Climate change, the Covid-19 pandemic, and the Ukraine crisis are considered unprecedented global stressors, potentially associated with serious health consequences. However, simultaneous effects of these stressors are not yet understood, making it difficult to evaluate their relative contribution to the population burden and potential future manifestations in clinically significant psychiatric disorders. This study aimed at disentangling the relative contribution of the three stressor groups on current sub-clinical stress symptoms.Methods: A cross-sectional, representative survey study was conducted two months after the outbreak of the Ukraine war in Germany. Proportional quota sampling was applied for age, gender, income, and regional characteristics. Data were recruited by means of an online survey. 3094 data sets (1560 females) were included. Age ranged from 18-89 (M: 50.4 years; SD: 17.2). The Subclinical Stress Questionnaire (SSQ-25) served as main outcome measure. In collaboration with a professional media agency, 20 items were generated to capture salient population stressors. A three-factor exploratory structural equation model confirmed the appropriateness of this scale.Results: (1) Older and male individuals report less and/or less severe stress symptoms, although effect sizes were small (range: η2 .11 - .21). (2) Differences in subjective rankings revealed that stressors related to the Ukraine crisis were rated as most worrying, followed by climate change, and the Covid-19 pandemic (Generalized-Linear-Model: Epsilon=.97; F(1.94, 6001.14)=1026.12, p < .001; ηp2=.25). (3) In a linear regression model (R2=.39), Covid-19 pandemic stressors were the only meaningful predictors for current ill-health (standardized β = .48). Ukraine crisis did not predict stress symptom profiles in the present sample. (4) Older and male individuals report less and/or less severe stress symptoms. An older age also reduced the impact of Covid-19 stressors.Conclusions: Researchers from the health sciences must consider overlapping effects from population stressors. Although the Ukraine crisis and climate change mark salient stressors, including economic threats, the Covid-19 pandemic still has a profound effect on ill-health and must be considered as a relevant factor in future manifestations of psychiatric and associated health consequences.Trial Registration: n.a.
Correlation of 6-minute-walking test with echocardiographic pulmonary arterial stiffness in patients with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Bigdelu Leila , Alimi Hedie , Fazlinezhad Afsoon , Ghaderi Fereshteh , Poorzand Hoorak , Vakilian Farveh , Keihanian Faeze , Shaye Zahra Abbasi , Afshar Sara 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction:
Pulmonary arterial stiffness (PAS) has been shown to be related to pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) in patients with pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between functional capacity and echocardiographic indices of PAS in patients with PAH.
Materials and methods
This cross sectional study was performed on patients with PAH were confirmed by right heart catheterization who referred to Imam Reza PAH clinic for routine follow up between November 2019 and January 2020. All patients underwent echocardiography and the maximum Doppler frequency shift, pulmonary acceleration time, peak velocity of the pulmonary flow and velocity time integral, as well as PAS were measured. All patients performed 6-minute walk test.
Results
Fifty patients with the mean age of 41.90 ± 14.73 years old participated in this study. Majority of the patients were female (74%). The most common cause of PAH was idiopathic (74%). There was a significant correlation between PAS and PASP (r = 0.302, P = 0.041), V2 (r=-0.461, P = 0.003), T2/V1 (r=-0.311, P = 0.037) and Z3 ratio (r=-0.346, P = 0.023). There was no significant correlation between PAS and 6MWT, PVR and TAPSE (P > 0.05). There was a significant correlation between V2 and PVR (r = 0.359, P = 0.049).
Conclusions
PAS and V1 are simple, non-invasive, available tools for evaluation of pulmonary vascular bed and early diagnosis of pre-symptomatic clinical status in patients with PAH.
Intracranial Stenting as a Bail-out Option for Posthemorrhagic Cerebral Vasospasm: A Single-Center Experience with Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Khanafer Ali , Cimpoca Alexandru , Bhogal Pervinder , Bäzner Hansjörg , Ganslandt Oliver , Henkes Hans 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Cerebral vasospasm is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Endovascular treatment, including intraarterial infusion of drugs with vasodilation effects, and balloon- and stentriever angioplasty, are helpful but can achieve only short-term effects in some patients. A need remains for long-lasting treatment of refractory recurrent vasospasm. We report our experience in stent implantation as a treatment for recurrent severe post-SAH vasospasm.Methods: A retrospective analysis of our institutional database of 883 patients with SAH, managed between January 2010 and December 2021, was performed. Six patients were identified as having received intracranial stenting in the context of post-SAH cerebral vasospasm. All patients were initially treated with intra-arterial infusion of nimodipine and/or milrinone. Self-expanding intracranial stents were implanted during endovascular aneurysm treatment to enable access despite impaired perfusion or as a bail-out strategy after failed intraarterial drug infusion or mechanical treatment. All stented patients received dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT).Results: Nine vessels in six patients with severe post-SAH vasospasm were stented. The stents were deployed in 16 vessel segments. All attempted implantations were technically successful. All patients demonstrated radiographic and clinical improvement of the vessel narrowing. No recurrent vasospasm or thromboembolic occlusion of the stented vessels was encountered. In long-term angiographic follow-up, neither in-stent stenosis nor stent occlusion was found.Conclusions: Endovascular implantation of self-expanding stents is a potential ultima ratio strategy for patients with severe refractory post-SAH cerebral vasospasm. Stents with reduced thrombogenicity (avoiding DAPT) and bioabsorbable self-expanding stents would further advance this concept.
Changes in Soil Organic C Fractions and C Pool Stability are Mediated by C-degrading Enzymes in Litter Decomposition of Robinia pseudoacacia Plantations
Authors: Xu Miaoping , Zhi Ruochen , Jian Junnan , Feng Yongzhong , Han Xinhui , Zhang Wei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Litter decomposition is the main source of soil organic carbon (SOC) pool, regarding as an important part of terrestrial ecosystem C dynamics. The turnover of SOC is mainly regulated by extracellular enzymes secreted by microorganisms. However, the response mechanism of soil C-degrading enzymes and SOC in litter decomposition remains unclear. To clarify how SOC fraction dynamics respond to C-degrading enzymes in litter decomposition, we used field experiments to collect leaf litter and SOC fractions from the underlying layer in Robinia pseudoacacia plantations on the Loess Plateau. Our results showed that soil SOC, easily oxidizable organic C, soluble organic C and microbial biomass C increased significantly during the decomposition process. Litter decomposition significantly decreased soil hydrolase activity, but slightly increased oxidase activity. Correlation analysis results showed that SOC fractions were significantly positively correlated with the litter mass, lignin, soil moisture, and oxidase activity, but significantly negatively correlated with cellulose content and soil pH. Partial least squares path models revealed that the most direct factors affecting the SOC fractions of topsoil during litter decomposition were litter lignin and cellulose degradation, soil pH, and C-degrading enzymes. Furthermore, regression analysis showed that the decrease of SOC stability in litter decomposition was closely related to the decrease of soil hydrolase: oxidase ratio. These results highlighted that litter degradation-induced changes in C-degrading enzyme activity significantly affected SOC fractions. Furthermore, the distribution of soil hydrolase and oxidase modulated the stability of SOC during litter decomposition. These findings provided a theoretical framework for a more comprehensive understanding of C turnover and stabilization mechanisms between plant and soil.
Stroop-Task Investigation into Chinese Two-Character Word Processing
Authors: Huang Meina , Zhang Shuhao , Ma Wenlling , Wang Xiaoyun , Li Degao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Is it possible that a Chinese two-character word (2C word) is processed purely according to the constituent characters? Three experiments were conducted in a modified version of the Stroop task on 2C words ending with the color character “红” (red) or “白” (white). In Experiments 1, 2, and 3, only the first character, only the second character, and both the constituent characters of the target were presented in red or white color in a trial. Each experiment consisted of three sub-experiments. In Experiments 1A, 1B, and 1C, for example, the target which was related or unrelated to red or white color in meaning (MEANING) was shown for 57 ms, 157 ms, and 314 ms, respectively. The participants decided whether one of the constituent characters was presented in red or white color after the target disappearance. The expected Stroop interference effect (SIE) was observed, and the interaction between MEANING and SIE was of different patterns across the experiments. In conclusion, skilled readers do seem to process 2C words purely according to the constituent characters in a duration of 157 ms. There is an interaction between the semantic processing at the word and character levels in a duration of 57 ms, but the semantic processing appears to happen in parallel at these two levels in a duration of 314 ms.
Clinico-demographic profile of orbital exenteration in a tertiary eye care centre – a 20 years’ experience
Authors: meel rachna , Pushker Neelam , Kashyap Seema , Chaurasia Shweta , RATHOD AISHWARYA , Bajaj Mandeep , sen seema , Agrawal Sahil 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to determine the clinical indications for orbital exenteration, demographic profile of these patients and clinicopathological correlations in current times, and to compare these results with previous published data.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted of exenterations performed at a tertiary eye care centre over a period of 20 years(January 2001 to June 2020). Patient records were reviewed to obtain demographic data, presenting symptoms and their duration, laterality, and clinical and histopathological diagnosis.
Results
A total of 352 cases(males: females, 222:130) were identified who underwent exenteration. Patients ranged in age from 11months to 87 years(mean: 43.86 years, median: 50 years). The most common indication for exenteration was found to be eyelid malignancy in 54.36% followed by retinoblastoma in 18.75% and primary orbital tumors in 14.49%. Squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)(60.26%) was most common histologic subtype of eyelid malignancy requiring exenteration, followed by sebaceous gland carcinoma(25.64%), and basal cell carcinoma(12.82%). The most common primary orbital tumors requiring exenteration were adenocystic carcinoma of lacrimal gland in adults and rhabdomyosarcoma in paediatric age group. Benign conditions requiring exenteration included fulminant fungal orbital infections and lymphangioma amongst others.
Conclusion
The number of exenterations performed have significantly increased in terms of absolute numbers. However, the ratio of exenteration to other tumor related surgeries, mainly excision biopsy, has reduced as compared to that reported from previous study. The most common indication in our study remains eyelid malignancy followed by intraocular malignancy. However, SCC has emerged as the most common tumor histologic subtype requiring exenterations.
Circular economy for food industry waste: Development and characterization of spray-dried acid whey encapsulated in millet matrix
Authors: Nani Mercy , Krishnaswamy Kiruba 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Acid whey (AW) has become a significant challenge for the dairy industry because of the large quantity being produced and the difficulty in handling and disposing of it. Upcycling AW and reintroducing it into the food supply chain are innovative and sustainable ways to deal with the problem. This study investigated the feasibility of spray drying AW using millet flour as encapsulating wall material and examined the effect of different millet concentrations on the physio functional properties of the acid whey millet (AWM) powders. Higher yields and whiter-colored powders were obtained for AWM powders prepared with 10% and 25% millet flours. The moisture content and water activity ranged from 3.78% to 5.53 % and 0.29 to 0.25, respectively, indicating microbial stability of the powders. All powder formulations exhibited good flow properties. AWM powders exhibited higher solubility and dispersibility values than AW powders. Larger particles were observed in the powders prepared with an AWM matrix. The addition of millet flour increased the glass transition temperature resulting in reduced stickiness of the powders. The reduced stickiness was attributed to the neutralization and microencapsulating effect the millet flour had on AW, which aided the spray drying of AW and reduced stickiness in the powders. AWM powders had a high concentration of phenolic compounds and exhibited high antioxidant activity. Overall, the results of this study indicate that millet flour can be used as a wall material for spray drying of AWM powders, thereby creating a functional and value-added food ingredient.
Assessment of differential urbanization using spatial entropy model for Tiruchirappalli urban and tier towns, India
Authors: Prakash K , Jegankumar R , Libina RS 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The urban fringe is the most volatile area in an urban environ affected by the unrestricted developmental activities. Urban sprawl is associated with many urban centres across the world; many times, the impacts are found to be negative on the non-living and living organisms. Quantification of urban has been a valuable field of study to understand its various factors like dispersion, density, diversity, dimension, and many others. Urbanization is, arguably, found to be one of the ancient processes by mankind. The cultural and functional aspects determined the settlement pattern of the cities. To be resilient and sustainable, many of these cities need to be physically restructured, which is quite an impossible task, especially in developing countries like India; Although, instead of restructuring established urban centres, plans can be developed to focus on the growth of the surrounding tier urban centres. The objectives of the present study are, 1) assess the changes in the urban growth and built-up density; 2) assess the urban diversity of the Tiruchirappalli Municipal Corporation and the tier urban centres on a temporal scale for the years 1996, 2008 and 2020. The study has been carried out with the use of Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images. Hierarchical unsupervised image classifier technique is used to classify the image and the study area has been split into eight zones in which, Batty’s spatial entropy method was used to assess the diversity index. The study results are comparable to understand the relative spatial growth and patterns among the select urban centres across the zones. Like many Class–II cities, Tiruchirappalli Municipality Corporation has mostly recorded inward developments during the periods from 1996 to 2008; while from 2008 to 2020 they have recorded outward fringe developments leading to expansion of the city.