bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometric Entropy of Plant Leaves: A Measure of Morphological Complexity
Authors: M Vishnu , Rajan Sajeev C , R Jaishanker 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A boundary separates a physical object from its surroundings. It defines the object's shape and regulates energy flux to and from it. Visual perception of the shape (geometry) of physical objects is an abstraction. While the perceived geometry at an object's sharp interface (macro) creates a Euclidian illusion of actual shape, the notion of diffuse interfaces (micro) allows grasping the realistic form of objects. Here we formulate a dimensionless geometric entropy of plant leaves (SL) by a 2-D description of a phase-field function. SL is estimated from the leaf perimeter (P) and leaf area (A) and correlates positively with segmental fractal complexity (DΣS). Leaves with a higher P:A ratio has higher SL and morphological complexity. An increase in SL of plant leaves could be an evolutionary strategy. The results of morphological complexity presented in this paper will trigger discussion on the causal links between leaf adaptive stability/efficiency and complexity. We present SL as a derived plant trait to describe plant leaf complexity and adaptive stability. Integrating SL into other leaf physiological measures will help understand energy dynamics and information flow in ecological systems.
Physico-chemical study of sands in the coasts : El Jadida, El Haouzia, Lala Aicha El Bahria, Sidi Bounnayem, and Essouiria (region of Doukkala Morocco)
Authors: mghaiouini redouane , Harrati Achraf , Salah Mohammed , Monkade Mohamed , Bouari Abdeslam EL 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This work reports a deep physical and chemical study, about different types of sand of the coast in the region of Doukkala: El Jadida, El Haouzia, Lala Aicha El Bahria, Sidi Bounnayem, and Essouiria. Thus, we have using different analytical techniques such as particle size analysis by sieving, mineralogy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The outcomes of this study, revealed that the main component found for these sands is silicon dioxide (SiO2), with the presence of impurities (iron, clay and organic).
Monitoring and Dietary Exposure Assessment of Elements in Mediterranean Mussels in İstanbul, Türkiye
Authors: TÜRKOĞLU Semra , Kaya Gökçe , Yaman Mehmet 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, concentrations of elements were determined by an ICP-MS device in the edible tissues of Mytilus galloprovincialis. According to the results obtained in the study, As, Pb, Cd, Ni, and Zn in the digestive gland of M. galloprovincialis were above the maximum limits (mgkg-1), which were 0.67 for Cd, 6.9 for As, 0.79 for Pb, 2 for Ni and 42.6 for Zn. The results show that Cd and As mean concentrations in muscle of M. galloprovincialis and Cd and Ni mean concentrations in gills of M. galloprovincialis were above the maximum limits. Furthermore, it was observed that the highest value belonged to As in the digestive gland of mussels with 65.4% of Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake. In addition to, the lowest percentage belonged to Zn with 0.2% of PTWI in muscles and 0.3% of PTWI in gills of the mussels.
Analysis of pressure surges for water filling in deep stormwater storage tunnels with entrapped air-pocket using a VOF model
Authors: Wang Yiran , Yu Xiaodong , Qin HangXiao , Cheng Nan , Yu Chao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The pressure surges for water filling in deep stormwater storage tunnels (DSSTs) with entrapped air-pockets seriously threaten the safety of pipeline structures and even lead to the destruction of urban water infrastructure. Hence, this paper develops a volume of fluid (VOF) model to study pressure surges in a two shafts and one tunnel system. Research works under different initial air-pocket parameters are carried out, while the VOF model is verified by the empty tunnel water filling experiment in the same system. The results show that the maximum pressure increases with an initial length/diameter ratio decrease or air volume fraction increase. Also, the extreme pressure with entrapped air-pocket at a certain scale can reach 1.6 times the static pressure (30 m). With the increase of initial air volume fraction, the frequency of pressure surges slows down, while the maximum pressure gradually increases and approaches a specific value within a fixed air volume fraction range (0.2–5.0%). The maximum pressure of air-pocket at different initial positions shows a downward trend from the middle of the tunnel to two sides, while the pressure of the air-pocket near a higher shaft will be slightly higher. The proposed model can be extended to systems with multiple shafts or air-pockets, and the conclusions have reference significance for structure design and water filling control in the DSST.
Elevated water lead levels in schools using water from on-site wells
Authors: Latham Scott , Jennings Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Only 8% of US public schools operate their own community water systems, and thus are subject to the federal Lead and Copper Rule's regulation of water lead levels (WLLs). To date, the absence of parallel water testing data for all other schools has prevented the comparison of WLLs with schools that do not face federal regulation. This study compiled and analyzed newly available school-level WLL data that included water source (on-site well water or public utility) and pipe material data for public schools in New York State located outside of New York City. Despite direct federal regulation, schools that used water from on-site wells had a substantially higher percentage of water fixtures with elevated WLLs. Schools that used both on-site well water and iron pipes in their water distribution system had the highest percentage of elevated fixtures. Variation in water treatment practices was identified as a potential contributing mechanism, as schools that used on-site well water were less likely to implement corrosion control. The study concluded that information about water source and premise plumbing material may be useful to policymakers targeting schools for testing and remediation.
Tap water quality: in the eye of the beholder
Authors: Hopland Arnt O. , Kvamsdal Sturla F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The quality of tap water is important. We consider whether objective measures of water quality factor into satisfaction with tap water among a large sample of Norwegian citizens. Our data include over 40,000 observations from the last decade and constitute an unprecedented empirical basis for investigating the link between water quality and user satisfaction. Objective measures of water quality include tests on Escherichia coli, intestinal enterococci, pH, and color. Only color has a significant impact on citizens’ satisfaction with tap water. However, individual characteristics can to some degree predict tap water satisfaction. For example, the general level of satisfaction with public services and society, age, education, income, and gender are relevant characteristics. Our data are rich enough to allow for the use of fixed effects to control for unique municipal factors, such as geography and access to water sources, as well as time trends. Thus, we provide rather solid evidence that satisfaction with tap water is unrelated to several objective measures of quality, but that satisfaction is related to several individual characteristics.
A super-hydrophilic partially reduced graphene oxide membrane with improved stability and antibacterial properties
Authors: Li Qunxia , Huang Zhonghua , Lin Xiaolu , Zhu Yihang , Bai Xinhui 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In order to improve stability and antibacterial property, a novel super-hydrophilic partially reduced graphene oxide membrane was prepared by interfacial polymerization of piperazine and partially reduced graphene oxide as aqueous solution and trimesoyl chloride as organic solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and contact angle measurement were conducted to probe the morphology and properties of the membranes. The modified membrane possessed super-hydrophilicity, improved durability and swelling resistance. The optimized membrane had a molecular weight cut off of about 674 Da and possessed a pure water permeability of 49.86 L·m−2·h−1·MPa−1. The retention order of salts was Na2SO4 &gt; MgSO4 &gt; MgCl2 &gt; Na2CO3 &gt; CaCl2 &gt; NaCl, while the rejection for four kinds of pharmaceuticals followed the order of ibuprofen (92%) &gt; carbamazepine (87%) &gt; amlodipine (80%) &gt; atenolol (76%), indicating that the negatively charged membrane could improve the retention performance by the electrostatic repulsive effect. Moreover, the enhanced antibacterial performance of membrane attributed to the dual effects of the super-hydrophilicity and the tea polyphenols antibacterial material loading, which may alter the charge distribution on and within the membrane, leading to loss of cell viability.
Effect of the flow regime on the hydraulic features governing the operation of vortex drop shafts with spiral inlets
Authors: Hajiahmadi Amin , Crispino Gaetano , Ghaeini-Hessaroeyeh Mahnaz , Gisonni Corrado 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
If the operation of existing vortex drop shafts should be verified, then it is essential to know the hydraulic performance of these special structures under both subcritical and supercritical flow regimes. The purpose of the present research consisted of providing practical guidelines and recommendations for managing the hydraulic design and verification of subcritical and supercritical vortex drop shafts. The examination of various experimental results from physical model investigations allowed to show that the inlet channel and the spiral inlet behaved differently depending on the energy approach flow content. The main dissimilarity lay, however, in the functioning of the vertical shaft and the dissipation chamber. The rotation of the falling flow along the vertical shaft was more evident for approaching supercritical flows. Severe flow conditions in terms of water depths and bottom pressures could be observed in the dissipation chamber under a supercritical flow regime. The design of this special component must be carried with prudence compared with the subcritical flow regime because failure events as the chamber submergence and the crash of the bottom surface just under the shaft outlet may occur for approaching supercritical flows.
Influence of urban runoff pollutant first flush strength on bioretention pollutant removal performance
Authors: Zhang Wei , Tao Kexin , Sun Huichao , Che Wu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Bioretention is commonly used for runoff pollution control. The first flush strength of pollutants can affect bioretention performance. To examine the influence of the first flush strength on bioretention performance, bioretention columns filled with garden soil as the main media were established. Activated carbon and water treatment residuals (WTR) were added and compared for their ability to enhance phosphorus removal. Waste edible fungus culture medium (WEFCM) as a carbon source was also explored. When WEFCM was used as a carbon source instead of wood chips, total nitrogen (TN) removal increased from 60.83 ± 21.22 to 62.21 ± 16.43%, but chemical oxygen demand (COD) leaching was observed. WTR was better able than activated carbon to enhance phosphorus removal (87.97 ± 8.87 vs. 81.66 ± 9.27%) without impacting TN removal. NH4+-N removal increased with increasing first flush strength, but there was no trend for suspended solids (SS), COD, TN, or total phosphorus. First leaching phenomenon in bioretention outflow was proposed in this study. A low first leaching was observed in the outflow when the inflow had a uniform pollutant mass (i.e., no first flush) because of media leaching. A weak first leaching outflow was observed for SS and COD when they were present at strong first flush inflow.
The Comparison of Physical Activity, Cognitive Function, and Depression between Older and Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Thummasorn Savitree , Puntawong Peeragan , Suksaby Rattanakorn , Kanjanabat Krittayot , Chaiwong Pachpilai , Khamhom Thanrada 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Aging increased the risks of cognitive impairment and depression. Then, these conditions can lead to poor quality of life by reducing one’s ability to perform activities of daily living. Recently, it is established that physical activity can decrease the cognitive decline and the risk of depression in older adults. Moreover, regular physical activity can improve physical and mental functions in populations of all ages. However, level and speed of cognitive decline occurs varies greatly among individual especially the difference between middle-aged and older adults.

Objective:
This study aimed to focus on the comparison of physical activity, cognitive function and depression between older and middle-aged adults, which has never been done before. Moreover, the associations of physical activity with cognitive impairment and depression were also investigated in older and middle-aged adults. The information in this study will provide an understanding regarding the design of physical activity program for different age groups.

Methods:
All participants were divided into two groups of 50 middle-aged adults and 50 older adults. The assessments of physical activity, cognitive function, and level of depression were conducted for all participants.

Results:
The total level of physical activity and cognitive function in older adults was decreased when compared with middle-aged ones. Moreover, each work and transportation domain of physical activity in older adults also was decreased when compared with that in middle-aged ones. However, the leisure domain of physical activity in older adults was increased via a decreasing depression level. In addition, the level of physical activity associated with both cognitive function and depression and depression alone in middle-aged and older adults, respectively.

Conclusion:
We suggested that total level of physical activity in older adults can increase via stimulating work and transportation activities in physical activity program. Moreover, the level of physical activity associated with both cognitive function and depression and depression alone in middle-aged and older adults, respectively.
Assessing the Feasibility of Studying Awareness of a Digital Health Campaign on Facebook: Pilot Study Comparing Young Adult Subsamples
Authors: Tulsiani Shreya , Ichimiya Megumi , Gerard Raquel , Mills Sarah , Bingenheimer Jeffrey B , Hair Elizabeth C , Vallone Donna , Evans W Douglas 
Published: August 2022

Background
Mass media campaigns for preventive health messaging have been shown to be effective through years of research. However, few studies have assessed the effectiveness of campaigns on digital media, which is currently how youths and young adults are primarily consuming media. In particular, a platform that can accurately assess exposure to digital messaging in a real-life setting has yet to be developed.

Objective
This study examines the feasibility of a unique survey platform, Virtual Lab, to conduct a study on exposure to a media campaign within Facebook using a chatbot-style survey administration technique.

Methods
Virtual Lab is a survey platform that was used to recruit and survey participants within Facebook and Facebook Messenger, respectively. We created a Facebook business account with 2 Facebook pages: one for recruitment and disseminating the survey and the other one for serving the target advertisements. Pre- and postexposure surveys were administered via Facebook Messenger using a chatbot-style questionnaire 1 week apart. During this time, the target advertisements were shown to participants who completed the pre-exposure survey. The total time from recruitment to completion of the postexposure survey was 13 days, and incentive costs were US $10 per participant. Survey data were compared between those who completed both pre- and postexposure surveys and those who only completed the pre-exposure survey; that is, those who were lost to follow-up. The demographics of the complete cases were also compared to the US census data.

Results
A total of 375 Facebook users aged between 18 and 24 years met eligibility requirements and consented to the study, which consisted of complete cases (n=234) and participants lost to follow-up (n=141). A few differences between complete cases and participants lost to follow-up were observed. Regarding gender, complete cases comprised 40.2% males and 59.4% females, and among participants lost to follow-up, 44.0% were male and 50.4% were female (P=.003). Differences were also observed for e-cigarette use status, where a greater number of current users and fewer past and never users were lost to follow-up than complete cases (P=.01).

Conclusions
The use of Virtual Lab yielded a diverse sample quickly and cost-effectively. Demographic characteristics of participants who completed the study and those who were lost to follow-up were similar, indicating that no biases were caused by the platform during recruitment or testing. This study suggests the feasibility of the Virtual Lab survey platform for studies of media campaign exposure within Facebook. This platform can advance health campaign research by providing more accurate data to inform digital messaging.
Assessing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia to Improve Sleep Outcomes in Individuals With a Concussion: Protocol for a Delayed Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ludwig Rebecca , Rippee Michael , D’Silva Linda J , Radel Jeff , Eakman Aaron M , Morris Jill , Drerup Michelle , Siengsukon Catherine 
Published: August 2022

Background
Sleep disturbances post concussion have been associated with more frequent and severe concussion symptoms and may contribute to poorer recovery. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is an effective treatment for insomnia; however, it remains unclear if this treatment method is effective in improving sleep outcomes and reducing concomitant postconcussion symptoms.

Objective
The hypotheses for this study are that (1) CBT-I will improve sleep outcomes and (2) CBT-I will improve concomitant postconcussion symptoms.

Methods
In total, 40 individuals who are within ≥4 weeks of postconcussion injury and have insomnia symptoms will be enrolled in this randomized controlled trial. Participants will be randomized into either a group that starts a 6-week CBT-I program immediately after baseline or a waitlist control group that starts CBT-I following a 6-week waiting period. All participants will be reassessed 6, 12, and 18 weeks after baseline. Standardized assessments measuring sleep outcomes, postconcussion symptoms, and mood will be used. Linear regression and t tests will be used for statistical analyses.

Results
Enrollment of 40 participants was completed July 2022, data collection will be completed in November 2022, and publication of main findings is anticipated in May 2023. It is anticipated that participants experience reduced insomnia symptoms and postconcussion symptoms following CBT-I and these improvements will be retained for at least 12 weeks. Additionally, we expect to observe a positive correlation between sleep and postconcussion symptom improvement.

Conclusions
Successful completion of this pilot study will allow for a better understanding of the treatment of insomnia and postconcussion symptoms in individuals following a concussion.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04885205; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04885205

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/38608
Educação em saúde sobre higienização das mãos: relato de experiência
Authors: Lima Teixeira Jeisabelly Adrianne , Teixeira Barbosa Meire Nayane , Da Silva Sousa Luana Priscila , De Almeida Samara Soares , Santos Braz Arison Maikon 
Published: August 2022

A higienização das mãos é considerada uma medida de baixo custo e alta efetividade, por serem as mãos o principal veículo de contaminação cruzada. Teve-se como objetivo relatar a experiência dos acadêmicos do curso de enfermagem mediante a educação em saúde aos profissionais, pacientes e acompanhantes das instituições participantes nas ações relacionadas à promoção das práticas de higienização das mãos. As atividades foram realizadas durante todo o mês de novembro de 2021, através da execução do projeto de extensão “Mãos Limpas”. As ações e etapas do projeto foram realizadas com o objetivo de oferecer subsídios teóricos e práticos para cada participante constando de cartazes dos “Cinco momentos para higiene das mãos”, “Como fazer higienização das mãos com produto alcoólico” e “Como fazer higienização das mãos com água e sabonete líquido” e folder com “As nove recomendações-chave para a melhoria das práticas de higienização de mãos”. O projeto teve a participação de 312 pessoas, sendo elas pacientes, acompanhantes e profissionais da saúde. Ao longo do desenvolvimento do projeto foi possível observar o interesse e a participação de um grande número de pessoas durante o processo da prática da higienização das mãos, o que torna o mesmo, algo de grande relevância entre as pessoas, proporcionando portanto, efeitos benéficos para a saúde pública e individual, a promoção da saúde, prevenção de doenças e o bem estar coletivo.
Material Contract Redactions and Cybersecurity Breaches
Authors: Hughes Hilary , Smith Thomas J. , Walton Stephanie 
Published: August 2022

SYNOPSIS
Material contract redactions are designed to protect firms’ temporary proprietary information until contracts can come to fruition. Protecting confidential and proprietary information from potential public disclosure is important for a firm’s future. Redactions provide confidential treatment for up to ten years before the contract information must become public. However, the nondisclosure nature of redacting material contract information could nonetheless signal potential value to external stakeholders and attract cybersecurity breaches. In this study, we investigate whether redactions are associated with a greater likelihood of future breaches. We find that redactions are associated with greater probability of a breach in the three years immediately following a redaction. Further, the relationship appears driven by certain contracts and the actual act of redacting. Our results suggest that the act of redacting material contract information provides a signal about a firm’s disclosure behavior, increasing cybersecurity risks.
Balancing Emic-Etic Tensions in the Field-, Head-, and Text-Work of Ethnographic Management Accounting Research
Authors: Bamber Matthew , Tekathen Matthäus 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Ethnographers must balance the tensions between the emic and etic dimensions of research. For example, they must simultaneously become an emic insider of the group studied, while at the same time retain their analytical distance to remain an etic outsider. This article discusses how these tensions manifest in head-, field-, and text-work by reviewing 52 self-declared management accounting ethnographies published between 1997 and 2017. The review shows that there is an (over-)emphasis on a realist tale-telling approach, in which the author’s voice is almost always effaced as tale-tellers detach themselves from the tales being told. As alternatives, we highlight confessional and impressionist tale-telling approaches. Although all three approaches offer advantages for addressing the emic-etic balance, they also all involve sacrifices. Thus, we urge researchers to give deeper consideration to text-work choices in management accounting ethnographies.