bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccine in Prevention of Mortality Among Moderate-Severe Cases
Authors: Yadav Arun Kumar , Vashisht Kundan , Ghosh Subhodeep , Bobdey Saurabh 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
The present study was conducted for vaccine effectiveness in the prevention of mortality among moderate to severe COVID-19 cases.

Methods:
The study was conducted in a dedicated COVID-19 hospital in Northern India from April 2021 to June 2021. Only moderate and severe COVID-19 cases were admitted to the hospital. All patients with the outcome (recovery or mortality) till 30 June 2021 constitute the study population for the study. The study is designed as a case-control study. The outcome was mortality due to COVID-19. The control group was cases who have recovered. The exposure was vaccination status. The data about the age, sex, and vaccination status including the type of vaccine was collected from the case sheets.

Results:
A total of 735 participants were recruited, out of which 409 patients survived and 326 patients died due to COVID-19 in the hospital. The mean age was 52.80 years (SD = 14.1 years) in the cases group and 60.92 years (SD = 14.97 years) in control group (P = 0.001). 137 (33.50%) were female and 272 (66.50%) were male in the control group while in cases 134 (41.10%) were female and 192 (58.90%) were male (P = 0.03). A total of 473 (64.35%) patients were unvaccinated, 199 (27.07%) were partially vaccinated, and 63 (8.57%) were fully vaccinated. Among the patients who survived, 101 (24.69%) were partially vaccinated and 28 (6.85%) were fully vaccinated; in the cases group, 98 (30.06%) people were partially vaccinated and 35 (10.74%) were fully vaccinated. On multiple regression analysis, there was no association between vaccination status and mortality among moderate and severe cases.

Conclusion:
The present study brought out that there is no association between vaccination and mortality among moderate to severe COVID-19 cases admitted to the makeshift hospital in Delhi.
Presence of SARS-CoV-2 in Human Tears Detected by Quantitative Real Time PCR (qRT-PCR)
Authors: Mishra Neeta , Raut Chandrashekhar , Prasad Neelam , Bhawalkar J. S. , Farooqui Safia , Mirza Shahzad , Madan Veshal V. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
COVID-19 has caused a pandemic since the end of the year 2019. Controversy regarding the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 in tears and conjunctival sac has created suspense throughout. Moderate to severe dry eye has been observed in the patients infected with COVID-19.

Material and Method:
We conducted a descriptive, prospective observational study. We enrolled 16 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria for our study. Patients affected with acute COVID-19 from 28-9-2020 to 9-10-2020 registered at our hospital and willing to participate were included. Tears and conjunctival swabs were taken at the interval of 24 h; consecutively three samples were taken from one COVID-19 infected patient. In total, 48 samples were analyzed by qRT-PCR.

Result:
We had 16 participants, 47% were females and 53% were males; 2/16 [12.5%] patients showed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in tears and conjunctival swabs. Both the infected patients were females, and they did not have any obvious abnormal ocular conditions. Schirmer strip reading, however, showed a severe dry eye in both the patients.

Conclusion:
We identified dry eye ranging from mild to moderate to severe [Schirmer 1 reading ranged from 2 to 8 mm] in all our patients admitted to the COVID-19 ward. The SARS-CoV-2 gene seems to be mutating. More work needs to be done to find the viral load in the tears and any abnormalities in the eyes accordingly.
A Cadaveric Study of Deep Branch of Radial Nerve at Arcade of Frohse
Authors: Sivachidambaram R. , Dilipkumar T. H. , Stellamary A. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The arcade of Frohse (AF) is the most common site for compression of the deep branch of the radial nerve (DBRN). During the surgical fixation of proximal radial shaft fracture, there is a chance of accidental injury to DBRN near the arcade. The objective of the study was to describe the nature of AF, to provide the superficial surgical landmark for DBRN at AF, and to indicate the appropriate position of the forearm for the surgical approach in fracture proximal radial shaft surgery.

Methodology:
The present study was done on 50 upper extremities preserved in 10% formalin. The studied parameters were morphology of AF, forearm length, the distance between the lateral epicondyle and the DBRN at AF, arcade ratio and the distance of DBRN at AF to the biceps tendon in pronated and supinated forearm.

Results:
In 50 upper extremities, the AF was tendinous in 27 limbs (54%), musculotendinous in 19 limbs (38%), and membranous in 4 limbs (8%). The mean forearm length was 234.43 mm. The mean distance from the DBRN to the lateral epicondyle was 48.98 mm. The mean arcade ratio was 0.208 mm. At AF, the mean distance from DBRN to the biceps tendon in pronation and supination was 12.72 mm and 18.98 mm, respectively.

Conclusion:
The most common type of AF is tendinous type. The mean arcade ratio derived from our study was 0.208. It is suggested that the terminal supination of the forearm is the appropriate position for surgical reduction and fixation of proximal radial shaft fracture through the ventral (Henry's) approach.
Predictive Study of the Factors and Challenges Affecting the Usability of E-Learning Platforms in the Light of COVID-19
Authors: El-aasar Said Abdelmawgoud , Farghali Gomaa 
Published: May 2022

In the light of the accelerating trends in recent years towards the adoption of e-learning and its delivery platforms, e-learning has become a strategic solution to face many challenges, especially those imposed by the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). The findings of previous studies revealed the effectiveness of e-learning in reducing negative effects resulting from COVID-19. However, those studies emphasized the need for more research on the factors that enhance the effectiveness of e-learning, especially those factors related to instructional design, attractiveness, availability, and usability. Therefore, the study explored the factors that affect the usability of e-learning platforms by developing a predictive model to reveal student satisfaction with the use of e-learning platforms. The model consisted of four predictive factors (learnability, efficiency, effectiveness, and the instructional design of electronic content). In order to achieve the objective of the study, a scale was designed. It included five variables and 36 items. The results concluded that the factors in the scale (learnability, efficiency, effectiveness, and the instructional design of electronic content) contribute to the explanation of 62% of the variance value in the dependent variable (student satisfaction). Also, the factors of the instructional design of electronic content, and the effectiveness of using e-learning platforms showed a high ability to predict usability through the indicator of student satisfaction with the use of e-learning platforms. In addition, the results unveiled that the factors of learnability and efficiency did not show a significant effect in predicting usability. Finally, the prediction model had a moderate degree in predicting the changes that could affect the dependent variable (usability through the indicator of student satisfaction).
School Environment and School Heads’ Managerial Skills: Looking into their Relationships to School’s Performance
Authors: Gamala Javen J. , Marpa Eliseo P. 
Published: May 2022

This study examined the degree of the influence of school environment and school heads managerial skills on school’s performances. Using a correlational method of research, a total of 115 school heads, 1044 teachers, 115 pupils, and 115 parents of public elementary schools in the 6th Congressional District of Negros Occidental, Philippines was chosen as study participants. An expert-validated and standardized questionnaire was used for data collection. Results show that school environment was moderately favorable while the school heads’ managerial skills and schools’ performances were very high. Results further revealed that school heads’ managerial skills and school environment relates to school performance, however, the relationship is not significant. Although results hold that school heads exhibited managerial skills in a favorable school environment, but this does not mean that it has influence on schools performance as reflected in this study. In this regard, the study suggests examining other factors that might influence school performance.
Accuracy of X-Ray Exposure Parameters in some Radio-diagnostic Centres in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Ishiekwen Abeab Christopher , Aliyu Abubakar Sadiq 
Published: May 2022

Background: Dose levels in radio-diagnostic settings depend largely on equipment status and examination techniques. It is essential to carry out quality control (QC) on the x-ray systems to ensure proper optimization and the maintenance of quality for better diagnostic outcome, and to avoid the risk of injury.
Objective: To carryout QC for the assessment of the accuracy of exposure parameters for the purpose of optimization of radiation protection.
Methodology: Quality control measurements including tube output, kVp, mA and timer accuracy, linearity and reproducibility were carried out using a multi-function quality control kit, RMI, 181B and measuring tape.
Results: The results of these measurements indicate that the tube output of the machines within the kVp range of 60 to 120 falls between 13.52 x 10-3 and 161.26 x 10-3 with a linear relationship between the kVp and tube output in all the hospitals. It also showed exposure parameters’ operation to be within tolerance limits except in a single hospital with aspects of out-of-range performance.
Conclusion: All equipment under study functioned within safe limits but further investigation and corrective action is required in one of the centres.
Habit Formation Intervention to Reduce Frailty Risk Factors: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Fritz Heather , Hu Yi-Ling 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Importance: Frailty is common, detrimental, and costly in later life. Interventions can reduce the risk for frailty.
Objective: To assess the feasibility of a frailty prevention intervention.
Design: A two-arm, prospective randomized controlled trial with blinded participant allocation and data collection at baseline and 1 wk postintervention by data collectors blinded to participant assignment.
Setting: Community.
Participants: Thirty community-dwelling, English-speaking, older African-Americans who were classified as prefrail were randomly recruited from a university research subject registry.
Intervention: The habit formation treatment was delivered face to face during 12 weekly home-based sessions approximately 45 min in length.
Outcomes and Measures: We assessed feasibility as reflected in participant recruitment, retention, session attendance, and program satisfaction. Clinical outcomes included sedentary time and dietary quality (primary) as well as frailty status, physical activity, physical function, depression, quality of life, and anthropometry (secondary). Habit formation (mechanism of change) was assessed in the treatment group only.
Results: Twenty women (M age = 73.5 yr) completed the study. The recruitment rate was 69.8%, and we retained 95.2% of participants through the end of the study, with session attendance rates of 98.1% and 88.6% for the treatment and control groups, respectively, and mean acceptability scores of 30.3 and 28.0 for the treatment and control groups, respectively. Changes in primary and secondary clinical outcomes were largely in the expected direction.
Conclusions and Relevance: The intervention was feasible to deliver. Although future efficacy studies are needed, our preliminary data suggest the potential of an occupational therapy intervention to reduce frailty risk.
What This Article Adds: Although it may be possible to slow or prevent the progression to frailty by modifying existing habits and occupations, few occupational therapy interventions address frailty. Our data provide new and much-needed insights about the potential feasibility of an occupational therapy intervention to reduce frailty risk.
A review of the characteristics and outcomes of 900 COVID-19 patients hospitalized at a Tertiary Care Medical Center in New Jersey, USA
Authors: Samuel Anish , Mechineni Ashesha , Aronow Wilbert , Ismail Mourad , Manickam Rajapriya 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionThere is a paucity of literature surrounding the in-hospital mortality and associated risk factors among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected patient populations in our geographical area, northern New Jersey.Material and methodsA retrospective observational cohort study was performed in a tertiary care academic medical center with two locations in Paterson and Wayne serving Passaic County in northern New Jersey. The study included all 900 patients with a positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) nasopharyngeal swab sample for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) viral test. We determined the in-hospital 75-day mortality of patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) compared to the medical-surgical floor unit.ResultsOverall in-hospital 75-day mortality was 40.7% (n = 367). The ICU group had a 77.1% (n = 237) mortality and the floor group a 21.9% (n = 130) mortality. The ICU group of patients had a higher incidence of cardiac injury, acute renal injury, liver failure, vasopressor use and the elevation of serum markers: ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, interleukin 6 (IL-6), D-dimer, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein compared to the floor group. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that age > 65 years, elevated IL6, acute renal injury, cardiac injury, and invasive mechanical ventilation were risk factors associated with mortality.ConclusionsAge > 65 years, elevated IL6, acute renal injury, cardiac injury, and invasive mechanical ventilation were risk factors associated with mortality in our COVID-19 patients.
Out of the Ordinary: outcomes and processes in a community writing project
Authors: Mary Hutchison Annie Bolitho, 
Published: May 2022

As writers our interest is in the particular, perhaps unorthodox, method of developing writing in a public context with people who do not identify themselves as authors, and in finding a production shape that holds and highlights people’s contributions. In this, our intentions are quite orthodox - to create an outcome which is ‘true’ to the interests and meanings it is made from, and which encourages the imaginative engagement of an audience. In our book, Out of the Ordinary, we discuss our writing activities at the hospital and in other locations, with the intention of providing a practical resource for those interested in creative writing in public and community settings. In this paper, using the hospital example, we look at some of the issues involved in working with, and representing, many voices in a public setting dedicated to non-arts activities.
Communalism in African Cultures and the Naming System among the Luo of Kenya
Authors: Ochieng’-Odhiambo F. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The essay has two parts. The first part outlines one cardinal aspect that runs through traditional African societies: the communal spirit. It is argued that it is this aspect of traditional African societies that sets them apart from the individualistic Western societies. The notions of ontology, ethics, and marriage are used to characterize the communal spirit. The second part, which is the core of the essay, focuses on the naming system among the Luo ethnic group of Kenya (“Joluo”). Three categories are identified in their naming system and it is maintained that all the categories reflect the prevalent communal principle and is the reason why Joluo treat names with reverence. For them a name is more than what one responds to when called out; it is a reflection that an individual is part and parcel of the community .
Los desafíos de la pobreza para la educación primaria en las zonas rurales de Venezuela
Authors: Fernández Solórzano Adriana , Illas Ramírez Wilfredo 
Published: May 2022

El artículo ofrece un análisis crítico de los retos que enfrenta la Educación Primaria en las zonas rurales de Venezuela, en el marco del proceso de empobrecimiento que ha afectado al país sobre todo desde 2014. Con base en diversas fuentes documentales, se describen los impactos del proceso de empobrecimiento sobre la población y el sistema educativo. Asimismo, se examina panorámicamente la concepción de la Educación Rural adoptada por la legislación venezolana desde la Reforma Agraria de 1960 hasta el presente, así como las posibilidades de contextualización del Currículo Nacional Bolivariano para atender las necesidades propias de las zonas rurales. Finalmente, se plantean algunas líneas de acción en materia de política educativa para contribuir a mitigar el problema de la pobreza desde las instituciones de Educación Primaria.
Environmental Pollution Originated by the Excessive Use of Agrochemicals in the Production of Granadilla (Passiflora ligularis) Oxapampa District, Pasco, Perú
Authors: Buendía Quispe Benito , Erazo Erazo Raymundo 
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the environmental pollution originated by the excessive use of agrochemicals in the production of granadilla (Passiflora ligularis) in the Oxapampa district, Pasco – Peru. The crops of this fruit were chosen in the sectors named: Abra (Ab), Chacos (Ch), Quillazú (Qll), Acuzazú (Ac), Cañera (Ca), San Alberto (SA), Alto Río Pisco (ARP), and Paradise (Pa), where applying the nonexperimental and comparative design, the soil, water, and fruit samples were taken, which were analyzed in the specialized laboratory of the Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM). A survey was also carried out by the farmers to form groups (ABC), and the results obtained were statistically analyzed by means of the comparative difference of concentration of heavy metals in three groups selected according to intensity of use of agrochemicals, which were between 0.26 and 0.36 mg of Cu/kg of fruit, between 0.001 and 0.003 mg of Cd and Pb/kg of fruit, between 0.0012 and 0.0006 mg As and Hg/kg of fruit, between 19 and 25 mg of Cu/kg of soil, between 0.02 and 0.08 mg of Cd and Pb/kg of soil, between 0.05 and 0.08 mg of As and Hg/kg of soil; between 1 and 1.12 mg of Cu/l of water, between 0.002 and 0.003 mg of Cd and Pb/l of water, between 0.002 and 0.005 mg of As and Hg/l of water; being observed high averages in some heavy metals and whose comparisons were not significant for As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu in fruits, soil, and water, and significant only the Cd in fruits and Hg in soils, concluding that there is a potential risk of toxicity due to ingestion of granadilla (P. ligularis).
Application of hydrophilic polymers for the preparation of tadalafil solid dispersions: micromeritics properties, release and erectile dysfunction studies in male rats
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed Muqtader , Anwer Md Khalid , Soliman Gamal A. , Aldawsari Mohammed F. , Mohammed Abdul Aleem , Alshehri Sultan , Ghoneim Mohammed M. , Alali Amer S. , Alshetaili Abdullah , Alalaiwe Ahmed , Bukhari Sarah I. , Zafar Ameeduzzafar 
Published: May 2022

The objective of the present study was to improve the dissolution rate and aphrodisiac activity of tadalafil by using hydrophilic polymers. Solid dispersions were prepared by solvent evaporation-Rota evaporator using Koliphore 188, Kollidon® VA64, and Kollidon® 30 polymers in a 1:1 ratio. Prepared tadalafil-solid dispersions (SDs) evaluated for yield, drug content, micromeritics properties, physicochemical characterizations, and aphrodisiac activity assessment. The optimized SDs TK188 showed size (2.175 ± 0.24 µm), percentage of content (98.89 ± 1.23%), yield (87.27 ± 3.13%), bulk density (0.496 ± 0.005 g/cm3), true density (0.646 ± 0.003 g/cm3), Carr’s index (23.25 ± 0.81), Hausner ratio (1.303 ± 0.003) and angle of repose (<25°). FTIR spectrums revealed tadalafil doesn’t chemically interact with used polymers. XRD and DSC analysis represents TK188 SDs were in the amorphous state. Drug release was 97.17 ± 2.43% for TK188, whereas it was 32.76 ± 2.65% for pure drug at the end of 2 h with 2.96-fold increase in dissolution and followed release kinetics of Korsmeyer Peppa’s model. MDT and DE were noted to be 17.48 minutes and 84.53%, respectively. Furthermore, TK188 SDs showed relative improvement in the sexual behavior of the male rats. Thus the developed SDs TK188 could be potential tadalafil carriers for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
Healthcare applications of single camera markerless motion capture: a scoping review
Authors: Scott Bradley , Seyres Martin , Philp Fraser , Chadwick Edward K. , Blana Dimitra 
Published: May 2022

Background
Single camera markerless motion capture has the potential to facilitate at home movement assessment due to the ease of setup, portability, and affordable cost of the technology. However, it is not clear what the current healthcare applications of single camera markerless motion capture are and what information is being collected that may be used to inform clinical decision making. This review aims to map the available literature to highlight potential use cases and identify the limitations of the technology for clinicians and researchers interested in the collection of movement data.

Survey Methodology
Studies were collected up to 14 January 2022 using Pubmed, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus using a systematic search. Data recorded included the description of the markerless system, clinical outcome measures, and biomechanical data mapped to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Framework (ICF). Studies were grouped by patient population.

Results
A total of 50 studies were included for data collection. Use cases for single camera markerless motion capture technology were identified for Neurological Injury in Children and Adults; Hereditary/Genetic Neuromuscular Disorders; Frailty; and Orthopaedic or Musculoskeletal groups. Single camera markerless systems were found to perform well in studies involving single plane measurements, such as in the analysis of infant general movements or spatiotemporal parameters of gait, when evaluated against 3D marker-based systems and a variety of clinical outcome measures. However, they were less capable than marker-based systems in studies requiring the tracking of detailed 3D kinematics or fine movements such as finger tracking.

Conclusions
Single camera markerless motion capture offers great potential for extending the scope of movement analysis outside of laboratory settings in a practical way, but currently suffers from a lack of accuracy where detailed 3D kinematics are required for clinical decision making. Future work should therefore focus on improving tracking accuracy of movements that are out of plane relative to the camera orientation or affected by occlusion, such as supination and pronation of the forearm.