bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extrathyroidal extension of primary lesion influences thyroid cancer outcomes
Authors: Shi Wanying , Wang Miao , Dong Liyan , Li Fuxin , He Xianghui , Li Xue , Sun Danyang , Zheng Xiangqian , Jia Qiang , Tan Jian , Zheng Wei , Li Ning , Xu Ke , Meng Zhaowei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aims: Extrathyroidal extension (ETE) is a determined factor of T3 and T4 stage of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). We aimed to compare clinical outcomes between different extent of ETE according to tumor size.Methods: Patients diagnosed with DTC were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2004 to 2015. They were categorized into two groups by presence of lymph node metastases (LNM) or distant metastases (DM): group A: no presence of LNM and DM, group B: presence of LNM or DM. Each group was further divided into four groups according to tumor size: £1cm, 1-2cm, 2-4cm, >4cm. ETE was divided into three groups by the extent: no ETE, microscopic ETE, and macroscopic ETE. Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test were used to analyze cancer-specific survival (CSS).Results: 91975 patients were included. In group A and B, for tumor size £1cm, there was no significant difference in CSS between no ETE and microscopic ETE, while significant difference was observed between no ETE and macroscopic ETE. For tumor size >1cm, there were significant differences in CSS (both no ETE vs micro ETE and no ETE vs macro ETE).Conclusions: We suggests that when tumor size is more than 1cm, micro ETE is significantly associated with poorer outcome. T3 and T4 stage may take account into tumor size rather than merely based on the presence and extent of ETE. It may be prudent to revisit the omission of micro ETE in TNM staging
Reliability of Web-Based Version of OSDI-6 Questionnaire in a Chinese Adult Population
Authors: Qin Guanghao , Moutari Salissou , He Xingru , Yu Sile , Wu Yi , Zhang Qing , Bu Shaochong , Moore Jonathan E , He Wei , Pazo Emmanuel Eric , Xu Ling 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the Chinese translation version of OSDI-6 questionnaire for dry eye.
Methods
A total of 270 participants (136 males, 50.4% and 134 females, 49.6%) with a mean age of 28.22 ± 9.01 years were assessed, diagnosed under the criteria put forth by Dry eye workshop (DEWS) completed the Chinese translated version of the OSDI-12 questionnaire (C-OSDI-12). Validity and psychometric properties were analyzed using the study data on the selected items (a new approach called virtual validation). For implementation in the new, shorter C-OSDI-6 questionnaire, 6 items were extracted from the C-OSDI-12 as suggested by the authors of OSDI-6 and compared. Demographic characteristics, validity of total score were evaluated with Spearman rank correlation and Rasch analysis.
Results
The total scores of C-OSDI-12 and C-OSDI-6 were 30.27 ± 13.19 and 6.95 ± 3.53 respectively. Significant reliability was found between total C-OSDI-6 score and total C-OSDI-12 score (r = 0.865, p < 0.001). Infits and outfits of the C-OSDI-6 were between 1.26 and 0.78.
Conclusion
The C-OSDI-6 proved to be valid, and psychometrically responsive in Chinese adult dry eye participants. The findings of this virtual validation study need to be confirmed in a longitudinal validation study on the real-world use.
Thermal Modeling and Simulation on Single Flash Geothermal Power Plant Involving Non-Condensable Gas: Case Study Kamojang Geothermal Field in Garut, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sufyana Candra Mecca , Akbar Fiki Taufik , Srigut Wahyu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The presence of non-condensable gases (NCG) in a geothermal fluid disrupts the vacuum process in the condenser, reducing turbine efficiency, and decreasing the total power output of the geothermal power plant (GPP). Therefore, to optimize the thermodynamic efficiency of GPP, NCG should be removed with a gas removal system. The main objective of this research is to model and develop a software-based interface to simulate mass and energy balance in a single-flash GPP as well as examine the thermodynamic performance of the gas removal system, which is the most important step in the planning and designing phase of the GPP. This software was validated using outputs of Kamojang GPP Units 2, 3, and 4 located at Kamojang geothermal field, Garut, West Java, Indonesia. Units 2 and 3 use two ejectors which are installed in series and Unit 4 utilize a hybrid system which is mostly a combination of vacuum pumps and a steam jet ejector. The modeling results yield that Kamojang GPP Units 2 and 3 generate power of 55.295 MW with an absolute error of 0.53%, whereas Unit 4 generates a power of 60.218 MW with a 0.36% absolute error with respect to the field data. These results comply with the expected minimum error, so the model parameters are considered valid and can be used for simulation. It was shown from the simulation that the total saving of steam consumption for the hybrid system at Kamojang GPP Units 2 and 3 is 534 kW. The power requirement of the vacuum pumps is still less than the power generated by the motive steam required by the ejector to dispose the NCG at the same amount. This indicates that Kamojang GPP Units 2 and 3 will be more efficient when using a hybrid system.
Evaluation of Groundwater Vulnerability Using Soil and Hydrogeological Data in Parts of the Precambrian Oban Massif, Se Nigeria
Authors: EKWERE AZUBUIKE , Kudamnya Ebenezer , ADAMU CHRISTOPHER , Edet Aniekan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Research on the vulnerability assessment of groundwater in the crystalline basement of the Oban Massif was carried out using soil and hydrogeological data. The parameters employed as input data included static water level (SWL), organic matter content (OMC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), aquifer media character (AMC), recharge (R), and soil type (ST). Results show groundwaters west of the massif (65% areal cover) to be the most vulnerable, with a decrease in vulnerability towards the eastern arm of the massif. The correlation matrix indicates SWL, OMC, and CEC as being significant factors that influence vulnerability ratings. Under current conditions, contamination indicators Cl- and NO3- show no contamination in relation to vulnerability ratings. The methodological approach and findings support the assessment model being quick and cheap, and can possibly be replicated in other areas where input data is available for assessment.
Toxicity of the neonicotinoid insecticides thiamethoxam and imidacloprid on tadpoles of four species of South American amphibians and effects of thiamethoxam on the metamorphosis of Rhinella arenarum
Authors: Peña Shirley Vivian Daniela Fonseca , Natale Guillermo Sebastian , Brodeur Julie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The present study examined the acute and chronic toxicity of the neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in neotropical amphibian species from the Pampa region of Argentina. The median lethal concentration after 96h of exposure (96h-LC50) ranged between 11.28 and > 71.2 mg/L amongst all species and development stages tested; indicating that these pesticides are unlikely to cause acute toxicity in the wild. The subchronic toxicity was also low, with 21d-LC50 values ranging between 27.15 and > 71.2 mg/L. However, exposure of developing tadpoles of Rhinella arenarum to thiamethoxam from stage 27 until the completion of metamorphosis showed that treated animals present a significant reduction in metamorphic success together with a smaller size at metamorphosis and an asymmetry in the length of the left and right front arms. These effects, which are observed starting from the lowest concentration tested (9 mg/L), suggest an effect of thiamethoxam on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Given that the observed effects can clearly impair amphibian performance and survival in the wild, further studies employing the same experimental approach but looking at lower environmentally-relevant concentrations are needed.
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) writer METTL3 accelerates the apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells in high glucose
Authors: Li Zhenjin , Meng Xuying , Chen Yu , Xu Xiaona , Guo Jianchao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Recent studies have shown that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, one of the most prevalent epigenetic modifications, is involved in the diabetes mellitus. However, whether m6A plays roles in diabetic vascular endothelium injury is still elusive. Present research aimed to investigate the regulation and mechanism of m6A on vascular endothelium injury. Upregulation of METTL3 was observed in the high glucose (HG)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), followed by upregulation of m6A methylation level. Functionally, METTL3 silencing repressed the apoptosis and recovered the proliferation of HUVECs disposed by HG. Moreover, HG exposure upregulated the expression of suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3). Mechanistically, METTL3 targeted the m6A modified site on SOCS3 genomic, which positively regulated the mRNA stability of SOCS3 mRNA. In conclusion, METTL3 silencing attenuated the HG-induced vascular endothelium cell injury via promoting SOCS3 expression. Our research expands the understanding of m6A on vasculopathy in diabetes mellitus and provides a potential strategy for the protection of vascular endothelial injury.
WITHDRAWN: k-Means Clusterization and Machine Learning Prediction of European Most Cited Scientific Publications
Authors: Leogrande Angelo , Costantiello Alberto , Laureti Lucio 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

In this article we investigate the determinants of the European “Most Cited Publications”. We use data from the European Innovation Scoreboard-EIS of the European Commission for the period 2010-2019. Data are analyzed with Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects, WLS, and Pooled OLS. Results show that the level of “Most Cited Publications” is positively associated, among others, to “Innovation Index” and “Enterprise Birth” and negatively associated, among others, to “Government Procurement of Advanced Technology Products” and “Human Resources”. Furthermore, we perform a cluster analysis with the k-Means algorithm either with the Silhouette Coefficient and the Elbow Method. We find that the Elbow Method shows better results than the Silhouette Coefficient with a number of clusters equal to 3. In adjunct we perform a network analysis with the Manhattan distance, and we find the presence of 4 complex and 2 simplified network structures. Finally, we present a confrontation among 10 machine learning algorithms to predict the level of “Most Cited Publication” either with Original Data-OD either with Augmented Data-AD. Results show that the best machine learning algorithm to predict the level of “Most Cited Publication” with Original Data-OD is SGD, while Linear Regression is the best machine learning algorithm for the prediction of “Most Cited Publications” with Augmented Data-AD.
Generation and microevolution of Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium by complicated transpositions
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Gu Dan , Hong Yaming , Hu Yachen , Gu Jiaojie , Tang Yuanyue , Zhou Xiaohui , Zhang Yunzeng , Jiao Xinan , Li Qiuchun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- (Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:-) derived from S. Typhimurium has become the dominant serotype causing human salmonellosis. Replacement of the fljAB operon in S. Typhimurium by different resistance regions (RRs) can generate Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- without expressing the second-phase flagellar antigen. However, the generation and evolution of RRs in Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- across the world remain unknown. In the present study, except for the three reported RRs (RR1–RR3), five novel RRs (RR4–RR8) were identified in Chinese isolates from livestock and humans. The insertion of RR3 into the chromosomal hin-iroB site of S. Typhimurium produced RR3-S. Typhimurium as a primary intermediate strain. Following cis and/or trans intramolecular transpositions mediated by IS26 and/or IS1R elements, Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- was produced by replacing the fljAB operon and/or its flanking sequences with RRs; the generation process was confirmed by the subcultivation of RR3-S. Typhimurium in vitro and in vivo. In addition, animal experiments revealed that RR3-Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- displayed more efficient colonisation and survival abilities in mouse tissues than its parent strain, RR3-S. Typhimurium. The present study is the first to demonstrate the molecular mechanism underlying the origin and generation of Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- from S. Typhimurium through complicated transpositions.
Haemadsorption therapy for calcium channel blocker overdose
Authors: Omar Shahed , Gurke Chloe , Parris Pano 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A male patient in his twenties was admitted into the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), following an overdose with an unknown quantity of risperidone (atypical antipsychotic) and a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (amlodipine). Resuscitation and supportive care were administered, but hypotension did not resolve despite the administration of intravenous fluids, infusions of calcium, adrenaline, and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic therapy (HIE). Methylene blue was then administered to maintain the mean arterial pressures. However, the haemodynamic effect was short-lived and did not allow the weaning of the adrenaline. Drug clearance using hemoperfusion/haemadsorption with a styrene resin filter was attempted next. During the two hemoperfusion sessions, each of 6 hours duration, and 24 hours apart, the patient was successfully weaned off all supportive measures and later discharged home. Significant amlodipine concentrations were detected in blood aspirated from both haemadsorption filters at the end of each session.
Experimental investigation of bi-modular material coating to enhance damping
Authors: Shehzad Khurram , Nutakor Charles , Sopanen Jussi , Hussain Azhar , Fasih M. Saad 
Published: August 2022

Hard coatings can be used to increase damping when applied on the surface of the components of turbomachinery. This can be effective to reduce the resonant vibration level of components working in a high cycle fatigue environment due to the extremely high operational speed. This paper discusses the experimental investigation of a bi-modular material hard coating to enhance damping in structural steel elements. Firstly, a hard coating (Al2O3+MgO) is applied on AISI 304L stainless steel substrate by plasma spraying. After that, a layer of chrome is deposited by chrome plating. Dynamic responses of both coated and uncoated samples are measured. The damping ratio of the test specimen is extracted from the time response by the logarithmic decrement method. Improved damping capacity of the coated steel sample is observed and is mainly attributed to the thin coating of chrome on the steel structure. The natural frequency of coated specimen showed 8 to 10 % improvement, the forced response showed a 30 to 35 % decrement in displacement, the damping ratio showed a 200 % increment, and the time of decaying showed a 20 % decrement. The results of the present study provide new ideas for the development of high-damping structural elements.
Identification of Hub Genes Associated with Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells
and ECM Dynamics as the Potential Therapeutic Targets in Gastric Cancer
through an Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis and Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Cheng Zhong , Liu Jie 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Stomach cancer, also known as gastric adenocarcinoma, remains the most
common and deadly cancer worldwide. Its early diagnosis and prevention are effective to improve
the 5-year survival rate of the patients. Therefore, it is important to discover specific biomarkers for
early diagnosis and drug treatment. This study investigates the potential key genes and signaling
pathways involved in gastric cancer.

Methods:
The gene expression profiles, GSE63089, GSE33335, and GSE79973, were retrieved for
the identification of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) within a total of 80 gastric cancer samples
and 80 normal samples. A total of 1423 uP- and 1155 downregulated genes were screened for
overlapping DEGs visualized via Venn diagrams along with 58 upregulated and 43 downregulated
genes. These overlapping DEGs were evaluated with Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia
of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment, and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network
analysis. Using DAVID software, we identified several genes enriched in both GO and KEGG
analyses. PPI analysis was performed with STRING software, and 3 submodules were obtained with
Cytoscape software. Then, we used Cytohubba with 12 classification methods to select candidate
hub genes. The group 1 genes enriched in GO and KEGG pathway intersected with group 2 genes,
which were approved by nine algorithms, and group 3 genes clustered in three submodules. 9 hub
genes were intersected from group 1/2/3 genes and the prognostic values were estimated through
GEPIA. We found that the LUM and COL1A1 expression levels and survival outcomes displayed a
favorable prognostic value (P-value = 0.013 for LUM and P-value =0.042 for COL1A1).

Results:
Finally, 5 machine learning methods were employed for the validation of two hub genes
(COL1A1, LUM) to distinguish between the cancer samples and non-cancer samples. The accuracy
of XGBoost was estimated to be 0.9375, and the precision and specificity as 1.000. The highest
recalls of LR and MLP were 1.0000, and the AUC was 1.0000. In the test set GSE65801, the accuracy
of all models was greater than 80%, and the XGBoost model obtained the highest prediction
accuracy of 0.8906. The precision of 0.9301 and the specificity of 0.9375 were obtained. The highest
recall of MLP was 0.8750 and AUC was 0.9082. The correlation of prognostic indicators with
the tumor-infiltrating immune cell levels was analyzed using TIMER.

Conclusion:
The identified hub genes explored in this study would enhance the understanding of
the molecular mechanism of gastric cancer and may be regarded as a potential therapeutic target as
assessed by integrating bioinformatics and machine learning methods.
Nanoformulations - Insights Towards Characterization Techniques
Authors: Vijayaraghavalu Sivakumar , Krishnaswami Venkateshwaran , Sugumaran Abimanyu , Perumal Venkatesan , Manavalan Murugan , Kondeti Durga Prasad , Basha Shaik Kamil , Ahmed Mohammed Akmal , Kumar Munish 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Drug-loaded novel nanoformulations are gaining importance due to their versatile properties compared to conventional pharmaceutical formulations. Nanomaterials, apart from their multifactorial benefits, have a wider scope in the prevention, treatment, and diagnosis of cancer. Understanding the chemistry of drug-loaded nano-formulations to elicit its behaviour both at molecular and systemic levels is critical in the present scenario. Drug-loaded nanoformulations are controlled by their size, shape, surface chemistry, and release behavior. The major pharmaceutical drug loaded nanocarriers reported for anticancer drug delivery for the treatment of various forms of cancers such as lung cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, etc include nanoparticles, nanospheres, nanodispersions, nanocapsules, nanomicelles, cubosomes, nanoemulsions, liposomes and niosomes. The major objectives in designing anticancer drug-loaded nanoformulations are to manage the particle size/morphology correlating with the drug release to fulfil the specific objectives. Hence, nano characterizations are very critical both at in vitro and in vivo levels.

Objective:
The main objective of this review paper is to summarise the major characterization techniques used for the characterization of drug-loaded nanoformulations. Even though information on characterization techniques of various nano-formulations is available in the literature, it is scattered. The proposed review will provide a comprehensive understanding of nanocharacterization techniques.

Conclusion:
To conclude, the proposed review will provide insights towards the different nano characterization techniques along with their recent updates, such as particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, in vitro release studies (chromatographic HPLC, HPTLC, and LC-MS/MS analysis), EPR analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, thermal analysis, rheometric, morphological analysis etc. Additionally, the challenges encountered by the nano characterization techniques will also be discussed.
Quercetin against Emerging RNA Viral Diseases: Potential and Challenges for Translation
Authors: Subudhi Bharat Bhusan , Swain Ranjit Prasad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:Due to higher adaptability and mutability, there is always a possibility for RNA viral disease outbreaks. There are no approved antivirals for the majority of RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, CHIKV, DENV, JEV, ZIKV, and EBOV. To treat these infections and prepare for future epidemics, it is necessary to identify effective therapeutic strategies with broad-spectrum actions against RNA viruses. Unregulated inflammation is the major cause of the severity associated with these viral diseases. Quercetin is a privileged molecule that is known to interfere at different levels of inflammatory response. Besides, it modulates pathways responsible for viral translation as well as the immune response of the host. It has also been found to inhibit replication by targeting critical targets of some of these viruses. Due to its abilities to inhibit viral targets, modulate host factors or a combination of both, quercetin has been demonstrated to help recover from some of these viral diseases in preclinical /clinical studies. Thus, it can be a drug candidate for application against a broad range of viral diseases. However, its translational value is limited by the lack of large-scale clinical studies. A major hurdle for oral application is poor solubility. Thus, developing a suitable form of quercetin can enable adequate bioavailability, leading to its translational application.
Phytonutraceuticals in Cancer Prevention and Therapeutics
Authors: Amol Dombe Shailaja , Jaykumar Shirote Pramodkumar 
Published: August 2022

Background:Urbanization has led to numerous health tribulations globally, and cancer is the most devastating among them. Phytochemicals have been utilized as bioactive compounds/ nutrients prominently as antioxidants and revitalizing agents and found to have notable health benefits.Objectives:The nutritional constituents of plants have intensively been investigated to appraise their healthiness and effectiveness in cancer. Food supplements like nutraceuticals have an important role in health and provide essential molecules required for different metabolic processes, which regulate body functions and protect the body from diseases.Methods:Numerous attempts and substantial studies have been escalated by many researchers. These studies have explained that dietary patterns and restrictions are the most important cardinal stride and determinant of many dreadful diseases like cancer. This review article focuses on the exploration of the clinical significance of phytochemicals in cancer therapy.Results:The phytochemicals from various plant parts having the potential to prevent cancer as well as serve as effective anti-cancer agents have been summarized in terms of their components, such as carotenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, organosulphur compounds etc., along with the targets on which they act, sources from where they can be obtained, and their screening procedure. Significant interest has been received in nutraceuticals because of nutritional benefits, safety and preventive as well as therapeutic perspectives.Conclusions:Phytonutraceuticals, as current drug delivery for cancer, have been utilized as an option for modern medicines. Ultimately, they ensure health improvement, and this review focuses on an overview of current nutraceuticals and nano-based delivery systems, which may be helpful in focusing on further groundbreaking research plans in the new domain.