bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anxiety during the COVID‐19 pandemic in prisoners who had high risks to suffer from mood disorders: A longitudinal study before and during the COVID‐19
Authors: Zhang Shuqi , He Jin , Yang Qingzhen , Du Yizhi , Xiao Weixia , Gao Jindi , Li Hengfen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe compared the anxiety levels in prisoners before and after the COVID‐19 outbreak and analyzed the causes of the changes in anxiety. The first survey was conducted in October 2019 (T0), and the second was conducted in March 2020 (T1). Generalized anxiety disorder‐7 (GAD‐7), Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, and Insomnia Severity Index scales were selected to assess the quality of emotion and sleep among prisoners (N = 803). Three subjective questions were asked to evaluate prisoners' personal feelings on the COVID‐19. Paired Samples T‐test, Binary, and Multivariate Logistic Stepwise Regression were used to analyze the data. GAD‐7 scores decreased at T1 (p < 0.001). For the prisoners without anxiety at T0 (n = 480), GAD‐7's mean value at T1 raised (p < 0.001), whereas the mean value decreased (p < 0.001) for the prisoners with anxiety at T0 (n = 323). For the prisoners without anxiety, shorter years of education (OR = 0.843), COVID‐19 (OR = 4.936), severer depression at T1 (OR = 1.683), and severer insomnia at T1 (OR = 1.134) were associated with the new onset of anxiety. For the prisoners with anxiety, anxiety was alleviated in 71.2% and exacerbated in 10.5% at T1. For the alleviators, severer depression at T1 (OR = 0.667) and COVID‐19 (OR = 0.258) were associated with anxiety unrelief; severer anxiety at T0 (OR = 1.343) was associated with anxiety alleviation. For the exacerbators, severer anxiety at T0 (OR = 0.517) was associated with anxiety unaggravation; severer depression at T1 (OR = 1.196), COVID‐19 (OR = 22.882), and severer depression at T0 (OR = 1.181) were associated with anxiety exacerbation. At the outbreak of COVID‐19, prisoners' anxiety was reduced. The main factor was the baseline anxiety levels. That may be related to prison management and the Downward Social Comparison.
New Xanthene Dyes with NIR‐II Emission Beyond 1200 nm for Efficient Tumor Angiography and Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Zhang Chuangli , Wu Jiasheng , Liu Weimin , Zhang Wenjun , Lee Chun‐Sing , Wang Pengfei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFluorescence (FL) bioimaging in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) provides improved imaging quality and high resolution for diagnosis of deep‐seated tumors. However, integrating FL bioimaging and photothermal therapy (PTT) in a single photoactive molecule exhibits a great challenge because a dramatic increase of PTT in the NIR‐II window benefitting from the nonradiative decay will sacrifice the fluorescence brightness that is unfavorable for FL bioimaging. Therefore, balancing the radiative decay and nonradiative decay is an effective and rational design strategy. Herein, four NIR‐II xanthene dyes (CL1–CL4) are synthesized with maximal emission beyond 1200 nm under 1064 nm excitation. CL4 exhibits the largest fluorescence quantum yield and a significant fluorescence enhancement after complexation with fetal bovine serum (FBS). As‐prepared CL4/FBS has a maximal emission of 1235 nm and a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 36% under 1064 nm excitation. Bright and refined tumor vessels with a fine resolution of 0.23 mm can be clearly distinguished by CL4/FBS. In vivo studies show that a balanced utilization of fluorescence and photothermy in the NIR‐II window is successfully achieved with superior biocompatibility. This efficient strategy provides promising avenue for precise theranostics of deep tumors.
Neue Bemessungsregeln für geschraubte Verbindungen aus nichtrostendem Stahl
Authors: Stranghöner Natalie , Abraham Christoph 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDas Zug‐/Abschertragverhalten von Schrauben aus nichtrostendem Stahl wird wesentlich durch ihre spezifischen Materialeigenschaften (Nichtlinearität, Kaltverfestigung) beeinflusst. In der Bemessung wird dies allerdings derzeit nur bedingt berücksichtigt. Im Wesentlichen erfolgt die Bemessung nach DIN EN 1993‐1‐4 auf Basis von Regelungen der DIN EN 1993‐1‐8, die für Schrauben aus Kohlenstoffstahl hergeleitet wurden. Auf nationaler Ebene wurden bereits die Abschertragfähigkeiten von nichtrostenden austenitischen Schrauben basierend auf wenigen Untersuchungen abweichend bemessen. Für nichtrostende Duplex‐Schrauben gab es bisher gar keine spezifischen Regelungen. Im Rahmen des IGF‐Forschungsvorhabens Nr. 20651 N „Entwicklung normativer Grundlagen zum Tragverhalten von zugbeanspruchten Scher‐/Lochleibungsverbindungen aus nichtrostendem austenitischen und austenitischen‐ferritischen (Duplex‐)Stahl M12 bis M36“ wurden erstmalig systematisch experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen sowie statistische Bewertungen nach DIN EN 1990 zur Zug‐, Abscher‐ und kombinierten Zug‐/Abschertragfähigkeit von Schrauben aus nichtrostendem Stahl durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse sind aktuell in die Revision der EN 1993‐1‐4 eingeflossen. Zusätzlich wurde das Lochleibungstragverhalten von Blechen aus nichtrostendem Stahl untersucht. Letztendlich führen die neuen Regelungen zu einer wirtschaftlicheren Bemessung geschraubter Verbindungen aus nichtrostendem Stahl.
Long non‐coding RNATDRG1 aggravates colorectal cancer stemness by binding with miR‐873‐5p to upregulate PRKAR2
Authors: Hong Qingqi , Mai Peishan , Wu Bin , Wang Haibin , Xiao Mingzhe , You Jun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe effects of long non‐coding RNA TDRG1 have been established in several tumors; however, its roles in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression are never been found. Here, we found that TDRG1 level was upregulated in CRC cells compared to that in normal colon epithelial cells. Additionally, TDRG1 level was remarkably upregulated in 3D non‐adherent spheres derived from the parental CRC cells. Further in vitro and in vivo revealed that TDRG1 knockdown suppressed the stemness of CRC cells. What's more, combined with bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter and RNA pull down experiments showed that TDRG1 could bind to miR‐873‐5p, downregulated its level and thus increase the expression of PRKAR2. Finally, it was shown that TDRG1 functioned through the miR‐873‐5p/PRKAR2 axis. This study demonstrated a novel TDRG1/miR‐873‐5p/PRKAR2 signaling in CRC progression.
Gender analysis of the top classic papers in otolaryngology head and neck surgery
Authors: Go Beatrice , Suresh Neeraj , Go Cammille , Chorath Kevin , Mirza Natasha , Thaler Erica , Moreira Alvaro , Rajasekaran Karthik 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify and analyze the gender breakdown of first authorship contributing to the most‐cited papers in the field of otolaryngology, with a goal of identifying trends in gender representation in publishing.MethodsThe top 150 most‐cited papers were identified using the Science Citation Index of the Institute for Scientific Information. Among the first authors, gender, h‐index, percentage of first, last, and corresponding authorship positions, total publications, and citations were analyzed.ResultsThe majority of papers were in the English language, from the United States, of clinical nature, and on otologic topics. Eighty‐one percent of papers (n = 122) had men who were first authors, although there was no difference in h‐index score, authorship position, number of publications, citations, and average citations/year between men and women first authors. Upon subgroup analysis by decade (1950s–2010s), there was no difference in the number of articles by women first authors (P = 0.11); however, there was a statistically significant increase in the percentage of women authors (P = 0.001) in papers published later compared to those published earlier.ConclusionsWhile a promising number of women otolaryngologists are publishing high‐powered articles, future initiatives to promote academic inclusivity of women should be considered.
Combined effects of Coriolis force and nanoparticle properties on the dynamics of gold–water nanofluid across nonuniform surface
Authors: Oke Abayomi Samuel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInvention of nanofluid has proved revolutionary in the enhancement of fluid thermal and electrical conductivity. Industrial applications of gold–water nanofluids over rotating surface include, but not limited to, heat transfer fluids, as a solar absorber, in medieval medicine for the diagnosis of syphilis, and so forth. Gold–water nanofluid is useful in colorant of glass and silk, nonlinear optics, and molecular recognition. Studies have been carried out mostly across stationary or stretching flat surfaces. This paper studies the flow of gold–water nanofluids over the rotating upper horizontal surface of a paraboloid of revolution. The relevant body forces are added to the Navier–Stokes equations to formulate appropriate equations for the flow of gold–water nanofluids over a surface with nonuniform thickness under the action of Coriolis force. Appropriate Blasius similarity transformation is used to nondimensionalize the governing equations and thereby reducing the nonlinear partial differential equations to nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The numerical method used is the Runge–Kutta–Gills method with shooting technique and the three‐stage Lobatto IIIa collocation method, and the results are illustrated graphically. Coriolis force is found to have reduced the coefficient of skin friction in the x‐direction but enhances the coefficient of skin friction in the z‐direction. The haphazard motion of the nanoparticles and the nanoparticle volume fraction are found to enhance the skin friction coefficient in the x‐ and y‐directions.
Intersectionality and Minority Entrepreneurship: At the Crossroad of Vulnerability and Power
Authors: Vorobeva Ekaterina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntersectionality has been introduced into research on minority entrepreneurship relatively recently but has already managed to make a significant contribution into better understanding of the phenomenon. The analytical framework helps to describe in more detail a complex structure of opportunities and constraints that a minority entrepreneur is embedded into. However, extreme diversity in topics and focuses among relevant studies poses a challenge to identification of general tendencies within intersectional minority entrepreneurship. The current chapter intends to take on this challenge and to contribute to better understanding of the role intersectionality plays in minority entrepreneurship. The current overview of literature points at the factors that appear to unite all minority businesspersons across various axes of difference; intersectional identities of minority entrepreneurs lead to limited legitimacy in the business market. This limited legitimacy, on the one hand, constitutes an impediment to numerous lucrative industries dominated by mainstream entrepreneurs but, on the other hand, may become a source of competitive advantage in a few gendered, ethnicized, or other niche markets. To ensure that minority businesspersons are not restricted to low-income, labour-intensive sectors with limited potential for growth, deconstruction of the archetype of an entrepreneur through tailored support and diversity initiatives may present the first steps on the way to creation of a more inclusive business environment.
Crime and Safety in Rural Areas
Authors: Ceccato Vania , Abraham Jonatan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter defines the scope and structure of this book. The aim of this book is to demonstrate the importance of crime and safety in areas on the rural-urban continuum. This aim is achieved by first outlining 20 reasons as to why crime and safety matter, which also serve to delineate the field of research and illustrate its complexity, from its interdisciplinary ramifications to international examples (including from the Global South) and links to the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. This chapter also introduces some of the most common terms and presents a chapter synopsis.
Crime, Offenders, and Victims
Authors: Ceccato Vania , Abraham Jonatan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we discuss examples of crime trends in areas on rural-urban continuum in several countries, illustrating the difficulties and possible dangers of comparing between types of statistics and across countries. The types of offenders found in rural areas as well as the types of victimization that most affect those living in these areas are also discussed in this chapter, based on examples from the international literature. Victimization in rural areas includes a wide array of offenses from farm crime and environmental and wildlife offenses, to violence against women, harassment, and discrimination against minority groups, to drug and organized crime, just to name a few.
Emergent Topics in Research in Rural Areas
Authors: Ceccato Vania , Abraham Jonatan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite an overall increase in the research, most aspects of crime and safety perceptions in rural contexts have been overlooked until recently. There exist several avenues of research that remain open for further investigation in general, and from a sustainability perspective in particular. In this chapter, we propose a research agenda based on some of these most pressing research questions.
Implications for Practice
Authors: Ceccato Vania , Abraham Jonatan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe draw from previous chapters to propose recommendations on how to respond to issues of crime and safety in areas on the rural-urban continuum. We offer suggestions for professionals to better delineate crime prevention measures and/or safety interventions. These suggestions can also be suitable for students. Decades of research have shown that areas of the rural-urban continuum are special from a criminological perspective and deserve more attention. These suggestions are more ‘a guide for reflection’ than a normative list of ‘what to do’, therefore before interventions are put into place. The recommendations are based on the assumption that there is no silver bullet that can solve all types of crime and safety problems. In an increasingly globalized world, the existence of national guidelines to tackle problems of crime and safety can be helpful for actors at regional and local levels.
2nd Order Automation Engineering
Authors: Swan Jerry , Nivel Eric , Kant Neel , Hedges Jules , Atkinson Timothy , Steunebrink Bas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, semantic closure meets system engineering: we describe how SCL systems can be constructed and controlled in practice, casting a developmental perspective on automation which we call ‘2nd order automation engineering’. Let us first give context to our objective, starting with a quote from Bundy and McNeil [40], who described in 2006 what they considered to be ‘a major goal of artificial intelligence research over the next 50 years’.
Background
Authors: Swan Jerry , Nivel Eric , Kant Neel , Hedges Jules , Atkinson Timothy , Steunebrink Bas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecent years have seen an explosion in academic, industrial, and popular interest in AI, as exemplified by machine learning and primarily driven by the widely-reported successes of deep- and reinforcement learning (e.g. [314, 315, 351]). Deep learning is essentially predicated on the notion that, with a sufficiently large training set, the statistical correlations captured by training will actually be causal [310]. However, in the absence of convergence theorems to support this, it remains a hypothesis. Indeed, insofar as there is evidence, it increasingly indicates to the contrary, since the application of enormous volumes of computational effort has still failed to deliver models with the generalization capability of an infant. There is accordingly increasing discussion about what further conceptual or practical insights might be required [57]. At the time of writing, the very definition of deep learning is in flux, with one Turing Award laureate defining it as “a way to try to make machines intelligent by allowing computers to learn from examples” and another as “differentiable programming”. We argue in the following that deep learning is highly unlikely to yield intelligence, at the very least while it equates intelligence with “solving a regression problem”.
Architecture
Authors: Swan Jerry , Nivel Eric , Kant Neel , Hedges Jules , Atkinson Timothy , Steunebrink Bas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMachine learning excels at inducing mappings from data, but struggles to induce causal hierarchies. In contrast, symbolic reasoning (in particular, when considered as an expression language) can represent any form of domain knowledge and can index into code or data via pattern matching.
QFT with stubs
Authors: Chiaffrino Christoph , Sachs Ivo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The BV-Laplacian ∆ in quantum field theory is singular, by construction, but can be regularized by deforming the classical BV-action. Taking inspiration from string theory we describe a non-local deformation of the latter by adding stubs to the interaction vertices while keeping classical BV-invariance manifest. This is achieved using a version of homotopy transfer resulting in a non-polynomial action for which the quantum master equation is now well defined and will be satisfied by adding additional vertices at loop level. The latter can be defined with the help of standard regularization schemes and is independent of the definition of ∆. In particular, the determination of anomalies reduces to the standard text-book calculation. Finally, we describe how the deformed (quantum) action can be obtained as a canonical transformation. As an example, we illustrate this procedure for quantum electrodynamics.
New Oscillation Criteria of Nonlinear Second Order Delay Difference Equations
Authors: Grace Said R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the paper, we study some new criteria for the oscillation of the nonlinear second-order delay difference equations of the form$$\varDelta (r\left( t \right) ({\varDelta x\left( t \right) )}^{\alpha })+q\left( t \right) x^{\beta }\left( t-m+1 \right) =0$$Δ(rt(Δxt)α)+qtxβt-m+1=0, via comparison with a second-order linear difference equation or a first-order linear delay difference equation whose oscillatory behavior is discussed intensively in the literature. The presented results essentially improve existing ones.
Temperature Variation in a Homogeneous Sphere Induced by the Tide-Generating Force
Authors: Zhou Jiangcun , Pan Ernian , Sun Heping , Xu Jianqiao , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present a semi-coupled theory to compute the temperature variation due to the tide-generating force. The tidal volume strain is first derived in a pure elastic homogeneous sphere, in terms of the classic Love’s solution. Then the temperature variation is obtained by solving the inhomogeneous heat conduction equation by considering both the isothermal and adiabatic conditions on the surface. The results show that the magnitude of the tidal temperature variation can be more than 1 mK, which is detectable by the current precision thermometer.
Global higher integrability for a doubly nonlinear parabolic system
Authors: Herán Andreas , Rainer Rudolf 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper we establish a higher integrability result up to the boundary of weak solutions to doubly nonlinear parabolic systems. We show that the spatial gradient of a weak solution with vanishing lateral boundary values is integrable to a larger power than the natural power p, where the statement holds for parameters in the subquadratic case $$ \max \lbrace \frac{2n}{n+2}, 1 \rbrace < p \le 2$$

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Antiplatelet therapy contributes to a higher risk of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage compared to anticoagulation therapy in ground-level falls: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Vedin Tomas , Lundager Forberg Jakob , Anefjäll Ebba , Lehtinen Riikka , Faisal Mohammed , Edelhamre Marcus 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common injury and constitutes up to 3% of emergency department (ED) visits. Current studies show that TBI is most commonly inflicted in older patients after ground-level falls. These patients often take medications affecting coagulation such as anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs. Guidelines for ED TBI-management assume that anticoagulation therapy (ACT) confers a higher risk of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (TICH) than antiplatelet therapy (APT). However, recent studies have challenged this. This study aimed to evaluate if oral anticoagulation and platelet inhibitors affected rate of TICH in head-trauma patients with ground-level falls.

Methods
This was a retrospective review of medical records during January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017 and January 1 2020 to December 31, 2020 of all patients seeking ED care because of head-trauma. Patients ≥ 18 years with ground-level falls were included.

Results
The study included 1938 head-trauma patients with ground-level falls. Median age of patients with TICH was 81 years. The RR for TICH in APT-patients compared to patients without medication affecting coagulation was 1.72 (p = 0.01) (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.13–2.60) and 1.08 (p = 0.73), (95% CI 0.70–1.67) in ACT-patients. APT was independently associated with TICH in regression analysis (OR 1.59 (95% CI 1.02–2.49), p = 0.041).

Conclusion
This study adds to the growing evidence that APT-patients with ground-level falls might have as high or higher risk of TICH than ACT-patients. This is not addressed in the current guidelines which may need to be updated. We therefore recommend broad prospective studies.
Diagnostic accuracy of coronary computed tomography angiography-derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) in patients before liver transplantation using CT-FFR machine learning algorithm
Authors: Schuessler Maximilian , Saner Fuat , Al-Rashid Fadi , Schlosser Thomas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Liver transplantation (LT) is associated with high stress on the cardiovascular system. Ruling out coronary artery disease (CAD) is an important part of evaluation for LT. The aim of our study was to assess whether CT-derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) allows for differentiation of hemodynamically significant and non-significant coronary stenosis in patients evaluated for LT.

Methods
In total, 201 patients undergoing LT evaluation were included in the study. The patients received coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) to rule out CAD and invasive coronary angiography (ICA) to further evaluate coronary lesions found in CCTA if a significant (≥ 50 % on CCTA) stenosis was suspected. CT-FFR was computed from CCTA datasets using a machine learning–based algorithm and compared to ICA as a standard of reference. Coronary lesions with CT-FFR ≤ 0.80 were defined as hemodynamically significant.

Results
In 127 of 201 patients (63%), an obstructive CAD was ruled out by CCTA. In the remaining 74 patients (37%), at least one significant stenosis was suspected in CCTA. Compared to ICA, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of the CT-FFR measurements were 71% (49–92%), 90% (82–98%), 67% (45–88%), and 91% (84–99%), respectively. The diagnostic accuracy was 85% (85–86%). In 69% of cases (52 of 75 lesions), additional analysis by CT-FFR correctly excluded the hemodynamic significance of the stenosis.

Conclusions
Machine learning–based CT-FFR seems to be a very promising noninvasive approach for exclusion of hemodynamic significant coronary stenoses in patients undergoing evaluation for LT and could help to reduce the rate of invasive coronary angiography in this high-risk population.

Key Points
• Machine learning–based computed tomography-derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) seems to be a very promising noninvasive approach for exclusion of hemodynamic significance of coronary stenoses in patients undergoing evaluation for liver transplantation and could help to reduce the rate of invasive coronary angiography in this high-risk population.