bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trace and Rare Earth Element Compositions of Lawsonite as a Chemical Tracer of Metamorphic Processes in Subduction Zones
Authors: Kang Patricia , Whitney Donna L , Martin Laure A J , Fornash Katherine F 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLawsonite is a major host mineral of trace elements (TEs; e.g. REE, Sr, Pb, U, Th) and H2O in various rock types (metabasite, metasediment, metasomatite) over a wide range of depths in subduction zones. Consequently, the composition of lawsonite is a useful archive to track chemical exchanges that occurred during subduction and/or exhumation, as recorded in high-pressure/low-temperature (HP/LT) terranes. This study provides an extensive dataset of major element and TE compositions of lawsonite in HP/LT rocks from two mélanges (Franciscan/USA; Rio San Juan/Dominican Republic), two structurally coherent terranes (Tavşanlı/Turkey; Alpine Corsica/France), and the eclogite blocks of the Pinchi Lake/Canada complex. Bulk major and TE compositions were also determined for lawsonite-bearing host rocks to understand petrogenesis and assess compositional evolution. Most analyzed mélange and coherent-terrane metabasalts have normal mid-ocean ridge/back-arc basin basalt signatures and they preserve compositional evidence supporting interactions with (meta)sediment ± metagabbro/serpentinite (e.g. LILE/LREE enrichments; Ni/Cr enrichments). Most lawsonite grains analyzed are compositionally zoned in transition-metal elements (Fe, Ti, Cr), other TEs (e.g. Sr, Pb), and/or REE, with some grains showing compositional variations that correlate with zoning patterns (e.g. Ti-sector zoning, core-to-rim zoning in Fe, Cr-oscillatory zoning). Our results suggest that compositional variations in lawsonite formed in response to crystallographic control (in Ti-sector zoning), fluid–host rock interactions, modal changes in minerals, and/or element fractionation with coexisting minerals that compete for TEs (e.g. epidote, titanite). The Cr/V and Sr/Pb ratios of lawsonite are useful to track the compositional influence of serpentinite/metagabbro (high Cr/V) and quartz-rich (meta)sediment (low Sr/Pb). Therefore, lawsonite trace and rare earth element compositions effectively record element redistribution driven by metamorphic reactions and fluid–rock interactions that occurred in subduction systems.
Adenosine monophosphate deaminase modulates BIN2 activity through hydrogen peroxide-induced oligomerization
Authors: Lu Qing , Houbaert Anaxi , Ma Qian , Huang Jingjing , Sterck Lieven , Zhang Cheng , Benjamins René , Coppens Frederik , Van Breusegem Frank , Russinova Eugenia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana GSK3-like kinase, BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2) is a key negative regulator of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling and a hub for crosstalk with other signaling pathways. However, the mechanisms controlling BIN2 activity are not well understood. Here we performed a forward genetic screen for resistance to the plant-specific GSK3 inhibitor bikinin and discovered that a mutation in the ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE DEAMINASE (AMPD)/EMBRYONIC FACTOR1 (FAC1) gene reduces the sensitivity of Arabidopsis seedlings to both bikinin and BRs. Further analyses revealed that AMPD modulates BIN2 activity by regulating its oligomerization in a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-dependent manner. Exogenous H2O2 induced the formation of BIN2 oligomers with a decreased kinase activity and an increased sensitivity to bikinin. By contrast, AMPD activity inhibition reduced the cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the amount of BIN2 oligomers, correlating with the decreased sensitivity of Arabidopsis plants to bikinin and BRs. Furthermore, we showed that BIN2 phosphorylates AMPD to possibly alter its function. Our results uncover the existence of an H2O2 homeostasis-mediated regulation loop between AMPD and BIN2 that fine-tunes the BIN2 kinase activity to control plant growth and development.
GlutathioneS-transferase interactions enhance wheat resistance to powdery mildew but not wheat stripe rust
Authors: Wang Qiao , Guo Jia , Jin Pengfei , Guo Mengying , Guo Jun , Cheng Peng , Li Qiang , Wang Baotong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWheat stripe rust and powdery mildew are important worldwide diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum). The wheat cultivar Xingmin318 (XM318) is resistant to both wheat stripe rust and powdery mildew, which are caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) and Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), respectively. To explore the difference between wheat defense response against Pst and Bgt, quantitative proteomic analyses of XM318 inoculated with either Pst or Bgt were performed using tandem mass tags technology. A total of 741 proteins were identified as differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs). Bioinformatics analyses indicated that some functional categories, including antioxidant activity and immune system process, exhibited obvious differences between Pst and Bgt infections. Intriguingly, only 42 DAPs responded to both Pst and Bgt infections. Twelve DAPs were randomly selected for reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis, and the mRNA expression levels of 11 were consistent with their protein expression. Furthermore, gene silencing using the virus-induced gene silencing system indicated that glutathione S-transferase (TaGSTU6) has an important role in resistance to Bgt but not to Pst. TaGSTU6 interacted with the cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) domain-containing protein (TaCBSX3) in both Pst and Bgt infections. Knockdown of TaCBSX3 expression only reduced wheat resistance to Bgt infection. Overexpression of TaGSTU6 and TaCBSX3 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) promoted plant resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato DC3000. Our results indicate that TaGSTU6 interaction with TaCBSX3 only confers wheat resistance to Bgt, suggesting that wheat has different response mechanisms to Pst and Bgt stress.
Altered properties and structures of root exudate polysaccharides in a root hairless mutant of barley
Authors: Galloway Andrew F , Akhtar Jumana , Burak Emma , Marcus Susan E , Field Katie J , Dodd Ian C , Knox Paul 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Root exudates and rhizosheaths of attached soil are important features of growing roots. To elucidate factors involved in rhizosheath formation, wild-type (WT) barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Pallas) and a root hairless mutant, bald root barley (brb), were investigated with a combination of physiological, biochemical, and immunochemical assays. When grown in soil, WT barley roots bound ∼5-fold more soil than brb per unit root length. High molecular weight (HMW) polysaccharide exudates of brb roots had less soil-binding capacity than those of WT root exudates. Carbohydrate and glycan monoclonal antibody analyses of HMW polysaccharide exudates indicated differing glycan profiles. Relative to WT plants, root exudates of brb had reduced signals for arabinogalactan-protein (AGP), extensin, and heteroxylan epitopes. In contrast, the root exudate of 2-week-old brb plants contained ∼25-fold more detectable xyloglucan epitope relative to WT. Root system immunoprints confirmed the higher levels of release of the xyloglucan epitope from brb root apices and root axes relative to WT. Epitope detection with anion-exchange chromatography indicated that the increased detection of xyloglucan in brb exudates was due to enhanced abundance of a neutral polymer. Conversely, brb root exudates contained decreased amounts of an acidic polymer, with soil-binding properties, containing the xyloglucan epitope and glycoprotein and heteroxylan epitopes relative to WT. We, therefore, propose that, in addition to physically structuring soil particles, root hairs facilitate rhizosheath formation by releasing a soil-binding polysaccharide complex.
Nowcasting Net Asset Values: The Case of Private Equity
Authors: Brown Gregory W , Ghysels Eric , Gredil Oleg R 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe estimate unsmoothed private equity net asset values (NAVs) at weekly frequency for individual funds. Using simulations and large samples of buyout and venture funds, we show that our method yields superior estimates of NAVs relative to simple approaches based on extrapolation of reported NAVs. The market beta of an average buyout (venture) fund is around 1.0 (1.4), and the total risk is 33$\%$ (40$\%$) per year. The risk-return profile of the funds varies significantly over time and across funds. Risk-taking and reporting quality appear to persist by manager.Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Post-INSURE Administration of Heated Humidified High-Flow Therapy Versus Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Preterm Infants More Than 28 Weeks Gestation with Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Randomized Non-Inferiority Trial
Authors: Singh Srijan , Ananthan Anitha , Nanavati Ruchi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is usually provided using nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) or non-invasive mechanical ventilation after surfactant administration by INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation (INSURE) method. Heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) is a mode of NIV with advantages of ease of application, less grades of nasal injury and easy handling. This study was done to compare the effectiveness of HHHFNC therapy administration as post-INSURE respiratory support in preterm infants as compared to NCPAP. The primary outcome was to compare the rate of treatment failure within 7 days of randomization to HHHFNC or NCPAP as a post-INSURE ventilatory modality. It was a pilot trial wherein all preterm infants more than 1 kg and more than 28 weeks gestational age with RDS who required surfactant were randomized to receive NCPAP or HHHFNC. Infants with an urgent need for intubation and mechanical ventilation were considered to have treatment failure. Thirty babies were enrolled—15 in each group. Baseline demographic characteristics were comparable. There was no significant difference in the primary outcome of early failure rate, i.e. mechanical ventilation rate within 7 days of starting treatment. There were no significant differences in other outcomes except nasal injury which was significantly lesser in the HHHFNC group. In conclusion, HHHFNC appears to be non-inferior to NCPAP when used in preterm infants more than 28 weeks gestation with RDS as a post-INSURE ventilatory modality.
CHEST
Authors: El Hussein Mohamed Toufic , Habib Jenna 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
Acute pulmonary embolism is a challenging and potentially fatal disease that requires prompt assessment and precise management. Due to the lack of specific symptoms, NPs need to know how to identify a pulmonary embolism to manage it safely. This article discusses risk factors, initial approach, and diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism using pretest probability and risk stratification tools. A mnemonic is proposed to guide medical management.
Atomised intranasal dexmedetomidine versus oral melatonin in prevention of emergence delirium in children undergoing ophthalmic surgery with sevoflurane
Authors: Jangra Savita , Ashok Vighnesh , Sethi Sameer , Ram Jagat 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND
Melatonin and dexmedetomidine have both been used as a premedication to decrease emergence delirium in children. The effectiveness of oral melatonin, compared with atomised intranasal dexmedetomidine, in this role is not well studied.

OBJECTIVE
To study the efficacy of pre-operative atomised intranasal dexmedetomidine versus oral melatonin in children scheduled for ophthalmic surgery under sevoflurane.

DESIGN
A prospective, randomised, double-blind trial.

SETTING
Ophthalmic surgery in a university teaching hospital, April 2021 to October 2021.

PATIENTS
A total of 120 children undergoing ophthalmic surgery with sevoflurane anaesthesia.

INTERVENTION
Children were randomised to receive pre-operative intranasal dexmedetomidine 2 μ kg−1 via an atomiser device (dexmedetomidine group) or oral melatonin 0.5 mg kg−1 (melatonin group), 45 min before surgery.

OUTCOMES MEASURED
The primary outcome was the incidence of emergence delirium assessed by the Paediatric Anaesthesia Emergence Delirium scale. Secondary outcomes included pre-operative sedation, quality of inhalational induction, postoperative sedation and pain.

RESULTS
The incidence of emergence delirium was lower in the dexmedetomidine group than in the melatonin group (17 versus 37%, relative risk 0.45, 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.88; P = 0.01). Children in the dexmedetomidine group were more sedated following premedication and in the postanaesthesia care unit (P < 0.05). Postoperative pain scores were lower in the dexmedetomidine group than in the melatonin group: 0 [0 to 3] versus 2.5 [0–4], (P = 0.01). The requirement for and dose of rescue fentanyl analgesia postoperatively was comparable between the two groups.

CONCLUSION
Atomised intranasal dexmedetomidine significantly reduced emergence delirium in paediatric opthalmic procedures under sevoflurane anaesthesia compared to oral melatonin.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinical Trials Registry of India CTRI/2021/03/032388 (www.ctri.nic.in)
Assessing individual patients’ knowledge of benign versus malignant skin lesions in the dermatology clinic population
Authors: Lee Kristin , Nguyen Ngoc , Fuzzell Meghan , Tung-Hahn Eleanor , Reserva Jeave , Balasubramanian Neelam , Tung Rebecca , Alam Murad , Stasko Thomas 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Skin cancer education targeted to patients’ needs is a goal of practicing dermatologists. Data regarding dermatology patients’ baseline knowledge regarding skin cancer could aid clinicians in tailoring education efforts.

Objective:
To help quantify existing patients’ existing visual recognition of skin cancer and common benign lesions, with the goal of helping to provide more targeted and meaningful education to patients.

Methods:
Two hundred forty-four adult patients from the dermatology clinics at University of Oklahoma and Loyola University Chicago were surveyed using digital images and questions regarding personal and family history of skin cancer, sun protection practices and sun protection knowledge.

Results:
Of the 244 subjects, 43% percent had a positive personal history of skin cancer, 40% had a positive family history. Scores differed minimally by personal history of skin cancer (p = .37) but differed more markedly by family history of skin cancer (p = .02).

Limitations:
Lack of generalizability to the general public, age range of subjects.

Conclusions:
There are knowledge gaps within the dermatology patient population regarding common benign and malignant skin lesions.
Vitamin D Supplementation for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hong Xinyuan , Christ-Franco Marina , Moher David , Tse Darren , Lelli Daniel A. , Schramm David , Caulley Lisa , Kontorinis Georgios 
Published: July 2022

Objective
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is commonly attributed to displaced otoconia. These have been shown to have biomineralization close to that of bone, and vitamin D deficiency has been associated with BPPV. We aim to systematically review the available literature on vitamin D supplementation and BPPV intensity and recurrence in adults.

Databases Reviewed
PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Current Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov.

Methods
We systematically reviewed the available literature from 1947 to April 2020. The study protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (trial registration: CRD42020183195).

Results
A total of 179 abstracts were identified and screened by two independent reviewers. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, six studies were selected and subjected to a quality assessment. In one randomized clinical trial (RCT), vitamin D supplementation was found to reduce annual recurrence rate of vertigo in patient with BPPV and subnormal serum vitamin D levels compared with placebo (odds ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.54–0.90). Non-RCTs demonstrated the possibility of a null effect in the random effects model (odds ratio, 0.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.00–1.56). The RCT considered as low risk of bias. All of the nonrandomized studies were assessed as serious risk of bias.

Conclusions
The intervention studies identified consistently demonstrated a decrease in BPPV recurrence with supplementation of vitamin D in patients with subnormal vitamin D levels. Although there is a paucity of high-quality studies, the present literature does highlight a role for optimization of vitamin D levels in patients with BPPV.
“Post bariatric Abdominal Contouring; Technical approach and Quality of Life.”
Authors: El-Gharbawi Ahmed H. , El-Sabbagh Ahmed H. , Shouman Omar O. , El-Hadidy Mohamed R. , EL FAHAR Mohammed H. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Abdominal contouring is a very ubiquitous procedure after bariatric surgery that insufficient studies have measured grossly the outcome after it. In this study we aim to measure the surgical and functional outcomes after abdominal contouring in post-bariatric patients and their impact on life quality.

Methods:
Thirty post-bariatric patients, both males and females, of different age groups had undergone abdominal contouring through three procedures; traditional abdominoplasty, Fleur-de-lis abdominoplasty and belt lipectomy. The technical approach was decided according to each patient presentation regarding the amount and extent of skin redundancy. All patients were given a questionnaire booklet; a simplified question forms that assess different life quality and appearance scales, to fill out both before and 6 months after the procedure. Data were collected face to face at outpatient clinic during follow up, by e-mail or by messaging.

Results:
In this study, we have had conducted three different procedures; traditional abdominoplasty (7 cases), Fleur-de-lis abdominoplasty (8 cases) and belt lipectomy (15 cases). We found that the surgical outcomes (operative time, resection weight, blood transfusion, postoperative hemoglobin, postoperative albumin, hospital stay, drain period and complications) were influenced significantly by the procedure type (p ≤ 0.01). On the other hand, we found that the health-related QoL and appearance scales have changed significantly from the precontouring stage to the postcontouring stage, but this significant change in the functional outcome was not correlated to the technical approach.

Conclusion:
Abdominal contouring surgery improves the quality of life of post-bariatric patients irrespective of the procedure type and this gives evidence that those patients should have access to treatments.
A 20-year population-based study of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among people with concurrent HIV and psychotic disorders
Authors: Yazdani Kiana , Salters Kate , Shen Tian , Dolguikh Katerina , Trigg Jason , White Randall F. , Closson Kalysha , Nanditha Ni Gusti Ayu , Honer William G. , Vila-Rodriguez Fidel , Lima Viviane Dias , Montaner Julio S.G. , Barrios Rolando 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
We aimed to characterize mortality among people with HIV (PWH) and psychotic disorders (PWH/psychosis+) vs. PWH alone (PWH/psychosis−).

Method:
A population-based analysis of mortality in PWH (age ≥19) in British Columbia (BC) from April 1996 to March 2017 was conducted using data from the Seek and Treat for Optimal Prevention of HIV/AIDS (STOP HIV/AIDS) study. Deaths were identified from the Vital Statistics Data (classified as HIV vs. non-HIV causes). Mortality trends across all fiscal years were examined. Cox models assessed the hazard of psychotic disorders on mortality; possible differences between schizophrenia and nonschizophrenia types of psychotic disorders were also evaluated.

Results:
Among 13 410 PWH included in the analysis, 1572 (11.7%) met the case definition for at least one psychotic disorder. Over the study period, 3274 deaths (PWH/psychosis−: n = 2785, PWH/psychosis+: n = 489) occurred. A decline over time in all-cause mortality and HIV-related mortality was observed in both PWH/psychosis+ and PWH/psychosis− (P value <0.0001). A decline in non-HIV mortality was observed among PWH/psychosis− (P value = 0.003), but not PWH/psychosis+ (P value = 0.3). Nonschizophrenia psychotic disorders were associated with increased risk of mortality; adjusted hazard ratios with (95% confidence intervals): all-cause 1.75 (1.46–2.09), HIV-related 2.08 (1.60–2.69), non-HIV-related 1.45 (1.11–1.90). Similar associations between schizophrenia and mortality were not observed.

Conclusion:
People with co-occurring HIV and nonschizophrenia psychotic disorders experienced a significantly higher risk of mortality vs. PWH without any psychotic disorder. Implementing care according to syndemic models considering interactions between HIV and particularly episodic psychotic disorders could help manage mortality risk more effectively among PWH/psychosis+.
Diet in a global cohort of adults with HIV at low-to-moderate traditional cardiovascular disease risk
Authors: Fitch Kathleen V. , McCallum Sara A. , Erlandson Kristine M. , Overton Edgar Turner , Zanni Markella V. , Fichtenbaum Carl , Aberg Judith A. , Fulda Evelynne S. , Kileel Emma M. , Moran Laura E. , Bloomfield Gerald S. , Novak Richard M. , Pérez-Frontera Sigrid , Abrams-Downey Alexandra , Pierone Gerald , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Ruxrungtham Kiat , Mngqibisa Rosie , Douglas Pamela S. , Ribaudo Heather J. , Grinspoon Steven K. 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
To characterize diet quality across a global cohort of people with HIV (PWH).

Design:
Cross-sectional analysis.

Methods:
Leveraging REPRIEVE data from baseline across five Global Burden of Disease (GBD) regions, we analyzed participant responses to the Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants questionnaire. An overall diet quality score and scores for specific diet components were generated. Higher scores indicate better diet quality.

Results:
Among 7736 participants (median age 50 years, 30% women, median BMI 25.8 kg/m2) overall diet quality score (max score 30) was optimal in 13% of participants and good, suboptimal or poor in 45%, 38%, and 4% of participants, respectively; saturated fat score (max score 18) was good, suboptimal, or poor in 38%, 40%, or 7% of participants, respectively. Diet quality scores differed across GBD region with the highest scores reported in the South Asia region [median 23 (21–25)] and lowest in the sub-Saharan Africa region [median 15 (12–18)]; 61% of participants in the South Asia region reported optimal diet quality compared with only 6% in the sub-Saharan Africa region. Higher atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk scores were seen with worsening diet quality.

Conclusion:
Among PWH eligible for primary CVD prevention, diet quality was suboptimal or poor for almost half of participants, and there were substantial variations in diet quality reported by GBD region.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:
NCT02344290