bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dignity and the Provision of Care and Support in ‘Old Age Homes’ in Tamil Nadu, India: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Burholt Vanessa , Shoemark E. Zoe , Maruthakutti R , Chaudhary Aabha , Maddock Carol Ann 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: In 2016, Tamil Nadu was the first state in India to develop a set of Minimum Standards for old age homes. The Minimum Standards stipulate that that residents’ dignity and privacy should be respected. However, the concept of dignity is undefined in the Minimum Standards. To date, there has been very little research within aged care facilities exploring the dignity of residents. This study draws on the concepts of (i) status dignity and (ii) central human functional capabilities, to explore whether long term care facilities uphold the dignity of residents. Objectives: The study was designed to obtain insights into human rights issues and experiences of residents, and the article addresses the research question, “to what extent do old age homes in Tamil Nadu support the central human functional capabilities of life, bodily health, bodily integrity and play, and secure dignity for older residents?”Method: A cross-sectional qualitative exploratory study design was utilised. Between January and May 2018 face-to-face interviews were conducted using a semi-structured topic guide with 30 older residents and 11 staff from ten care homes located three southern districts in Tamil Nadu, India. Framework analysis of data was structured around four central human functional capabilities. Results. There was considerable variation in the extent to which the four central human functional capabilities life, bodily integrity, bodily health and play were met,. There was evidence that Articles 3, 13, 25 and 24 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights were contravened in both registered and unregistered facilities. Juxtaposing violations of human rights with good practice demonstrated that old age homes have the potential to protect the dignity of residents.Conclusion: The Government of India needs to strengthen care home policies to protect older residents. A new legislative framework is required to ensure that all old age homes are accountable to the State. Minimum Standards should include expectations for quality of care and dignity in care that meet the basic needs of residents and provide health care, personal support, and opportunities for leisure, and socializing. Standards should include staff-to-resident ratios and staff training requirements.
Incidental Findings of Brugada Syndrome Type-1 and Epsilon-Like Pattern in Otherwise Healthy Man: a Case Report
Authors: Mendel Brian , Dirjayanto Valerie , Prakoso Radityo , Siagian Sisca 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Brugada Syndrome (BrS) and arrhythmogenic right ventricle dysplasia (ARVD) are rare cardiomyopathies predisposing to sudden cardiac death (SCD). Comprehending the electrocardiographic features of these cardiomyopathies are crucial especially in emergency settings.Case presentation: A 25-year old medical student presented with no complaints, but had episodes of syncope, chest pain, and palpitations of unknown origin 10 years ago. The initial assessment showed stable hemodynamics. During examination, the ECG demonstrated incomplete right bundle branch block, Brugada-type 1 pattern, with signs of Epsilon wave. The following year, assessment of the ECG was repeated and findings were found suggestive of Brugada syndrome, although his echocardiography showed no structural abnormality. According to ESC guidelines, asymptomatic Brugada patients should undergo electrophysiology study.Conclusion: Careful follow-up with electrophysiology study is recommended for this patient in order to identify the likelihood of true Brugada and suitability for radiofrequency ablation or implantation of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD).
A Study on the Compliance, Risk Perception and Attitude of University of Khartoum Medical Students to Safety Measures against COVID-19 during the Period of Lockdown, a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ali Mustafa Mohamed Ibrahim , Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Omer Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla , Manhal Gaffar Alemam A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

COVID-19 is a novel respiratory infectious disease. Preventive measures against COVID-19 include facemask use, physical distancing and good sanitation and hygiene practices. Risk perception of COVID-19 is important in prevention. Lockdown was imposed in Sudan in early 2020.
The study aim to:

study the compliance, risk perception and attitude of University of Khartoum Medical Students to safety measures during the period of COVID-19 lockdown.
Methodology:

A University-based cross sectional study was conducted at the University of Khartoum, Faculty of Medicine in 435 students selected via proportionate stratified random sampling through a self-administered semi- structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Pearson and Mann Whitney U test were used to measure associations.
Result

Out of 435 participants, a mean adherence of 57.7%, mean risk perception of 73.6% was elicited. And 80.3% had a positive attitude towards lockdown. Adherence had significant association with gender and risk perception. Risk perception had no significant relation with gender.
Conclusion

In conclusion, adherence to preventive measures among medical students of the University of Khartoum was poor. Risk Perception was high. Attitude towards lockdown was positive.
The Double Gut Point: A Novel Sonographic Sign of Pneumoperitoneum
Authors: Chen Yale Tung , Villegas Tomas Villén , Pereira Elmo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Pneumoperitoneum is a life-threatening condition, caused by hollow organ perforation. The diagnosis is often difficult, and Point-of-care ultrasound can be useful to distinguish from different conditions, and early set the indication of urgent surgery. We report a critically ill patient presented to the Emergency Department with sudden increase in upper abdominal pain and distension with a diagnosis of small bowel obstruction on ultrasound using a curvilinear probe. After repeating the ultrasound using a linear probe, two dynamic points at mesogastrium very similar to the “double lung point” seen in thoracic ultrasound was detected. This “double gut point” due to bowel ischemia and perforation was confirmed on a computed tomography scan. In this case, the finding of an abdominal “double gut point” allowed us to diagnose pneumoperitoneum, being a novel sign not previously described, that could aid to diagnose small amounts of free air in the peritoneal cavity.
Epigenetic Signatures in Antidepressant Treatment Response: a Methylome-wide Association Study in the EMC Trial
Authors: Engelmann Jan , Zillich Lea , Frank Josef , Wagner Stefanie , Cetin Metin , Herzog David , Müller Marianne , Tadic André , Foo Jerome , Sirignano Lea , Braus Dieter , Dahmen Norbert , Sordon Sabrina , Riemenschneider Matthias , Spaniol Christian , Gasparoni Gilles , Rietschel Marcella , Witt Stephanie , Lieb Klaus , Streit Fabian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Although the currently available antidepressants are well established in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), there is strong variability in the response of individual patients. Reliable predictors to guide treatment decisions before or in an early stage of treatment are needed. DNA-methylation has been proven a useful biomarker in different clinical conditions, but its importance for mechanisms of antidepressant response has not yet been determined. 80 MDD patients were selected out of >500 participants from the Early Medication Change (EMC) cohort with available genetic material based on their antidepressant response after four weeks and stratified into clear responders and age- and sex-matched non-responders (N=40, each). Early improvement after two weeks was analyzed as a secondary outcome. DNA-methylation was determined using the Illumina EPIC BeadChip. Epigenome-wide association studies were performed and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) identified using the comb-p algorithm. Enrichment was tested for hallmark gene-sets and in genome-wide association studies of depression and antidepressant response. No epigenome-wide significant differentially methylated positions were found for treatment response or early improvement. Twenty DMRs were associated with response; the strongest in an enhancer region in SORBS2, which has been related to cardiovascular diseases and type II diabetes. Another DMR was located in CYP2C18, a gene previously linked to antidepressant response. Results pointed towards differential methylation in genes associated with cardiac function, neuroticism, and depression. Linking differential methylation to antidepressant treatment response is an emerging topic and represents a step towards personalized medicine, potentially facilitating the prediction of patients’ response before treatment.
Behavior analytic based virtual reality interventions to teach adaptive and functional skills for individuals diagnosed with autism: A systematic review
Authors: Carnett Amarie , Neely Leslie , Gardiner Siobhan , Kirpatrick Marie , Quarles John , Christopher Kameron 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Virtual reality technologies hold promise for the therapy based on the science of applied behavior analysis as they can replicate real life environments and allow the user to role-play in a simulated environments. This literature review synthesizes the research base evaluating the effects of behavior analytic interventions delivered via virtual reality (VR) technology to teach adaptive and functional skills for individuals with autism. Method: We conducted a systematic search in four databases followed by a reference search for those articles by the systematic database search. We also conducted a quality review using the Evaluative Method for Evaluating and Determining Evidence-Based Practices in Autism (Reichow, 2008). Results: We identified 24 studies with a majority of the studies (n = 18; 75%) utilizing group experimental or quasi-experiment research design, and the remaining (n = 6; 25%) utilizing single-case research design. Of those studies, ten targeted vocational related skills, seven targeted functional behaviors (e.g., problem behavior treatment, hypersensitivity, phobias), four targeted safety skills (e.g., driving, airplane travel, pedestrian safety), two studies targeted general functional skills, and one targeted exercise engagement. Of the 24 studies, 12 met the quality criteria to be classified as “strong” or “adequate” and can offer evidence on the integration of VR technology into the practice of behavior analysis for teaching adaptive or functional skills. Discussion: Taken as a whole, the three studies (Cox et al., 2017; Hu & Han, 2019; Wade et al., 2013) identified as “strong” quality studies were conducted by three different research teams, at three different locations, with 74 different participants and meet the qualifications to be considered a promising practice.
Inactivating NHLH2 Variants Cause Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism and Obesity in Humans
Authors: Topaloglu A. Kemal , Simsek Enver , Kocher Matthew A. , Mammadova Jamala , Bober Ece , Kotan Leman Damla , Turan Ihsan , Celiloglu Can , Gurbuz Fatih , Yuksel Bilgin , Good Deborah J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Metabolism has a role in determining the time of pubertal development and fertility. Nonetheless, molecular/cellular pathways linking metabolism/body weight to puberty/reproduction are unknown. The KNDy (Kisspeptin/Neurokinin B/Dynorphin) neurons in the arcuate (ARC) nucleus of the hypothalamus constitute the GnRH (Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone) pulse generator. We previously created a mouse model with a whole-body targeted deletion of nescient helix-loop-helix 2 (Nhlh2; N2KO), a class II member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors. As this mouse model features pubertal failure and late-onset obesity, we wanted to study whether NHLH2 represents a candidate molecule to link metabolism and puberty in the hypothalamus. Exome sequencing of a large Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (IHH) cohort revealed obese patients with rare sequence variants in NHLH2, which were characterized by in silico protein analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter assays. In vitro heterologous expression studies demonstrated that the variant p.R79C impairs Nhlh2 binding to the Mc4r promoter. Furthermore, p.R79C and other variants show impaired transactivation of the human KISS1 promoter. These are the first inactivating human variants that support NHLH2’s critical role in human puberty and body weight control. Failure to carry out this function results in the absence of pubertal development and late-onset obesity in humans.
Preliminary study on the role and mechanism of KIRREL3 in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)
Authors: Yang Bingbing , Zhang Xiane , Zhou Hao , Zhang Xiaoyan , Yang Wanjing , Lu Jing , Guo Zhiyu , Dong Ziming , Wu Qinghua , Tian Fang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract, which is very harmful to human health. The JAK-STAT signaling pathway is a recognized carcinogenic pathway that plays a role in the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of a variety of cancer cells. Some studies have shown that the activation status of STAT3 affects the expression of KIRREL3. However, the expression of KIRREL3 in ESCC and its relationship with KIRREL3 or the JAK-STAT signaling pathway is still unclear.Methods: In this study, we used immunohistochemistry and western blotting to analyze the protein expression levels of KIRREL3 in tumor tissues and ESCC cell lines. We applied proliferation assays, plate clone formation assays, Transwell assays, flow cytometry analysis, and CDX animal models to examine the role of KIRREL3 in ESCC.Results: The results indicate that KIRREL3 is highly expressed to varying degrees in ESCC tissues and cell lines. Knocking down KIRREL3 expression in ESCC cells could correspondingly inhibit cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion, and migration, and had some effects on cell cycle progression and apoptosis. In addition, overexpressing KIRREL3 in these cells had opposite effects. Tumor formation in nude mice experiments also confirmed that KIRREL3 is involved in the growth of ESCC cells in vivo.Conclusions: These data suggest that KIRREL3 plays a key role in the development of ESCC, and KIRREL3 is a potential new target for the early diagnosis and clinical treatment of this disease.
Die Mischung macht's
Authors: Riesmeyer Claudia , Wilhelm Claudia , Reifegerste Doreen 
Published: January 2022

Der Ausbruch der Corona-Pandemie stellte Eltern und Kinder weltweit vor Herausforderungen und löste Unsicherheiten aus. Eltern mussten neben dem Alltag Homeoffice, Betreuungsaufgaben und die Begleitung des Homeschoolings ihrer Kinder bewältigen. Insbesondere die Schliessung der Kindestagesstätten und Schulen sowie Ausgangsbeschränkungen veränderten die familiären Tagesabläufe, was mit einer erhöhten Mediennutzung von Heranwachsenden und Erwachsenen einherging. Der Aufsatz untersucht auf Basis der Parental-Mediation-Theorie, welche Mediationsstrategien der kindlichen Mediennutzung Eltern während des ersten Lockdowns generell und bezogen auf Informationen über das Corona-Virus einsetzten, inwiefern sie diese Strategien pandemiebedingt anpassten und welche Faktoren bestimmten, für welche Form der Medienregulation sich Eltern entschieden. Er basiert auf Leitfadeninterviews (n = 55) sowie einer Onlinebefragung von Eltern mit Kindern im Alter von drei bis 18 Jahren (n = 146). Die Befunde zeigen, dass Eltern erstens verschiedene Mediationsstrategien miteinander kombinierten, diese zweitens in der Pandemie situativ den kindlichen Bedürfnisse anpassten und drittens Kind-, Eltern- und Kontextfaktoren die Wahl der Mediationsstrategie bestimmten.
Application of Multi-component Reaction in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic [3.3.3]
Propellane Derivatives
Authors: Kheilkordi Zohreh , Ziarani Ghodsi Mahammadi , Mohajer Fatemeh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Propellanes and derivatives have attractive properties due to their unique structure.
Therefore, [3.3.3] propellanes, containing tricyclic structures with one of the carbon-carbon
bonds common in three rings, were used in natural products, pharmaceutical compounds, and
heterocyclic compounds, which were biologically important. The various multi-component
reactions were applied in the synthesis of propellanes, which are highlighted throughout this
review.
Contribution of Transcriptome to Elucidate the Biology of Plasmodium
spp
Authors: Parreira Kleber Simônio , Scarpelli Pedro , Rezende Lima Wânia , Garcia Celia R.S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
In the present review, we discuss some of the new technologies that have been applied to elucidate how Plasmodium spp escape from the immune system and subvert the host physiology to orchestrate the regulation of its biological pathways. Our manuscript describes how techniques such as microarray approaches, RNA-Seq and single-cell RNA sequencing have contributed to the discovery of transcripts and changed the concept of gene expression regulation in closely related malaria parasite species. Moreover, the text highlights the contributions of high-throughput RNA sequencing for the current knowledge of malaria parasite biology, physiology, vaccine target and the revelation of new players in parasite signaling.
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis: An Updated Review on KAS Inhibitors
Authors: Suvarna Vasanti , Shinde Rani 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Since the early twentieth century, with the isolation of penicillin and streptomycin in the
1940s, the modern era of anti-infective drug development has gained momentum. Due to the enormous
success of early drug discovery, many infectious diseases were successfully prevented and
eradicated. However, this initial hope was wrongheaded, and pathogens evolved as a significant
threat to human health. Drug resistance develops as a result of natural selection’s relentless pressure,
necessitating the identification of new drug targets and the creation of chemotherapeutics that
bypass existing drug resistance mechanisms. Fatty acid biosynthesis (FAS) is a crucial metabolic
mechanism for bacteria during their growth and development. Several crucial enzymes involved in
this biosynthetic pathway have been identified as potential targets for new antibacterial agents. In
Escherichia coli (E. coli), this pathway has been extensively investigated. The present review focuses
on progress in the development of Kas A, Kas B, and Fab H inhibitors as mono-therapeutic
antibiotics.
Magnetically Recyclable Silica-Coated Magnetite-Molybdate Nanocatalyst
and its Applications in N-Formylation Reactions Under Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Tandon Runjhun , Patil Shripad , Tandon Nitin , Kumar Pushpendra 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
A novel magnetite silica-coated nanoparticle-supported molybdate nanocatalyst has been
prepared successfully by a simple co-precipitation method. Prepared nanocatalyst has been characterized
by different techniques like Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray
diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), and Energy Dispersive
X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). Further, the catalytic activity of the nanocatalyst was explored for
N-formylation reactions under solvent-free conditions. Interestingly, the catalyst could be reused
for 10 cycles, and only 2 mol % of the catalyst was sufficient to catalyze the N-formylation reaction
at 700C under solvent-free conditions.
A Comprehensive Review on Synthetic Approaches and Biological Activities of 1,3,4-oxadiazole
Authors: Kumar Rajnish , Kumari Sunita , Mazumder Avijit , Salahuddin  , Saxena Shivani , Sharma Divya , Joshi Sagar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:Among the large variety of nitrogen and oxygen heterocycles, 1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffold has attracted considerable attention owing to its ability to perform an extensive range of pharmacological actions. Therefore, significant efforts of organic chemists have been directed towards the construction of new drug candidates containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole subunits connected to a known pharmaceutical or a potential pharmacophore. This paper highlights recent publications on the various synthesis techniques of 1,3,4-oxadiazole and related compounds over the previous ten years (2011–2021). The purpose of this review is to present several ways for synthesizing oxadiazole. These heterocyclics are formed mainly by the cyclization reactions of various reactants under diverse conditions. A high priority is given to these heterocyclics in literature investigations due to their pharmacological significance, such as their anticonvulsant, anticancer, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antidiabetic activities, etc.
Transdermal Nutraceuticals Delivery System for CNS Disease
Authors: Taleuzzaman Mohamad , Mirza Mohd. Aamir , Jahangir Mohammed Asadullah , Jain Pooja , Verma Rishabh , Ahsan Mohamed Jawed , Chettupalli Ananda Kumar , Muheem Abdul 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Herbal medicines are being used by humans since the oldest civilizations and have been
an integral part of traditional and alternative medicines. In recent times, pharmaceutical and
biomedical scientists are taking interest in developing nutraceutical-based medicines to overcome
the side effects and adverse drug reactions caused by allopathic medicines. Nutraceuticals have
started occupying the global market. Nutraceuticals have gained widespread acceptance due to
their efficacy in treating difficult to treat diseases, low toxicity, low cost, easy accessibility, etc.
Safety and efficacy are other important factors in the commercialization process of nutraceuticals.
Different novel advanced drug delivery systems have been constantly studied to improve the efficacy
and bioavailability of medicines obtained from herbal sources. The transdermal drug delivery
system provides a potent alternative to the conventional method of using nutraceuticals. The development
of transdermal system-based nutraceuticals could provide the advantage of enhanced bioavailability,
improved solubility, bypass of the first-pass metabolism, and targeted delivery of drugs
in brain-related disorders. It additionally provides the advantage of being non-invasive.
This article reviews the potential effects of various nutraceuticals in brain-related disorders as well
as trends in transdermal nano-systems to deliver such nutraceuticals. We have also focused on advantages,
applications as well as recent United States-based patents which emphasize emerging interest
towards transdermal nutraceuticals in brain disorders.