bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glutathione deficiency decreases lipid droplet stores and increases reactive oxygen species in mouse oocytes
Authors: Malott Kelli F , Reshel Samantha , Ortiz Laura , Luderer Ulrike 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide thiol antioxidant that has been shown to be important to overall reproductive health. Glutamate cysteine ligase, the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis consists of a catalytic and a modifier (GCLM) subunit. We previously showed that oxidative stress in the ovary and oocytes of Gclm−/− mice is associated with accelerated age-related decline in ovarian follicles and decreased female fertility due to preimplantation embryonic mortality. Mammalian preimplantation development is a highly regulated and energy-intensive process that primarily relies on coordination between lipid droplets (LDs) and mitochondria to maintain cellular homeostasis. In this study, we hypothesized that GSH deficiency in oocytes increases oxidative stress, leading to increased mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased LD consumption, thereby decreasing oocyte developmental competence. We observed that Gclm−/− oocytes have increased oxidative stress, primarily in the form of mitochondrial superoxide and decreased subcortical mitochondrial clusters. Further, Gclm−/− oocytes have decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) compared with Gclm+/+. We surmise this is likely due to the decreased availability of LDs, as we observed a significant decrease in LD content in Gclm−/− oocytes compared with Gclm+/+. The decreased oocyte LD content is likely related to an altered serum lipidome, with Gclm−/− serum having relatively lower unsaturated fatty acids and triglycerides than that of Gclm+/+ and Gclm+/− females. Altogether these data support that decreased LDs and increased oxidative stress are primary drivers of decreased oocyte developmental competence in GSH-deficient oocytes.
Challenges and innovations in treating chronic and acute wound infections: from basic science to clinical practice
Authors: Ding Xiaotong , Tang Qinghan , Xu Zeyu , Xu Ye , Zhang Hao , Zheng Dongfeng , Wang Shuqin , Tan Qian , Maitz Joanneke , Maitz Peter K , Yin Shaoping , Wang Yiwei , Chen Jun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Acute and chronic wound infection has become a major worldwide healthcare burden leading to significantly high morbidity and mortality. The underlying mechanism of infections has been widely investigated by scientist, while standard wound management is routinely been used in general practice. However, strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of wound infections remain a great challenge due to the occurrence of biofilm colonization, delayed healing and drug resistance. In the present review, we summarize the common microorganisms found in acute and chronic wound infections and discuss the challenges from the aspects of clinical diagnosis, non-surgical methods and surgical methods. Moreover, we highlight emerging innovations in the development of antimicrobial peptides, phages, controlled drug delivery, wound dressing materials and herbal medicine, and find that sensitive diagnostics, combined treatment and skin microbiome regulation could be future directions in the treatment of wound infection.
Investigation of the Surface Properties of Hexagonal Boron Nitride and Boron Phosphate by Inverse Gas Chromatography at Infinite Dilution
Authors: Isik Birol , Ugraskan Volkan , Cakar Fatih , Yazici Ozlem 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The boron-based ceramics namely hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and boron phosphate (BPO4) were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The surface properties of h-BN and BPO4 were examined by inverse gas chromatography method. The dispersive surface energy and the acidic-basic character of h-BN, and BPO4 surfaces were estimated by the retention time with probes such as n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, n-decane, acetone, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, chloroform and tetrahydrofuran at infinite dilution region. The dispersive surface free energies calculated using both Schultz and Dorris–Gray methods, decreased linearly with increasing temperature. The specific adsorption free energy and the specific adsorption enthalpy corresponding to acid–base surface interactions were determined. By correlating with the donor and acceptor numbers of the probes, the acidic and the basic parameters of the h-BN and BPO4 were calculated. The values obtained for and parameters indicated that h-BN has a basic character, whereas BPO4 has an acidic character.
Real-World Incidence of Breakthrough Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hospitalization After Vaccination vs Natural Infection in a Large, Local, Empaneled Primary Care Population Using Time-to-Event Analysis
Authors: Pollock Benjamin D , Storlie Curtis B , Tande Aaron J , Sampathkumar Priya 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We followed 106 349 primary care patients for 22 385 3099 person-days across 21 calendar months and documented 69 breakthrough coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalizations: 65/102,613 (0.06%) among those fully vaccinated, 3/11 047 (0.03%) among those previously infected, and 1/7,313 (0.01%) among those with both statuses. These data give providers real-world context regarding breakthrough COVID-19 hospitalization risk.
Cystatin C–based estimated GFR performs best in identifying individuals with poorer survival in an unselected Chinese population: results from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)
Authors: Zhu Cheng , Zhang Han , Shen Ziyan , Chen Jing , Gu Yulu , Lv Shiqi , Li Yang , Zhu Bowen , Ding Xiaoqiang , Zhang Xiaoyan 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
The decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) has been reported as a risk factor for mortality. However, it remains unclear which eGFR equation is most useful in predicting death in the general Chinese population.

Methods
The association was examined between eGFR and all-cause mortality using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Participants with complete data in 2011 and survival follow-up in 2013, 2015 and 2018 were included and analyzed in three separate cohorts, which included 8160, 8154 and 8020 participants, respectively. Logistic regression analyses, receiver operating characteristic curve, continuous net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were computed to compare the discriminative power of eGFR derived by abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), Chinese coefficient–modified MDRD (MDRD-CN), Japanese coefficient–modified MDRD (MDRD-JPN), CKD-EPIcr, Japanese coefficient–modified CKD-EPIcr (CKD-EPIcr-JPN), CKD-EPIcys, CKD-EPIcr-cys, CKD-EPIcr fit without race and CKD-EPIcr-cys fit without race.

Results
A decreased eGFR (&lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m2) was significantly associated with increased mortality at 2 years no matter which eGFR equation was used (odds ratio ranged between 2.02 and 4.94, all P &lt; 0.001). The association remained significant after adjusting multiple covariates when MDRD-CN, CKD-EPIcys or CKD-EPIcr-cys fit without race was used. CKD-EPIcys showed the highest discriminative power for mortality (area under the curve 0.744 ± 0.40) and outperformed other equations (all P &lt; 0.001) except for CKD-EPIcr-cys. The overall risk classification was also improved when the CKD-EPIcys equation was adopted as indicated by continuous NRI and IDI. Similar results were observed at 4 and 7 years.

Conclusions
A decline in eGFR by all equations could predict poorer survival, among which the CKD-EPIcys equation showed the best discriminative power.
Impact of melatonin on periodontal ligament fibroblasts during mechanical strain
Authors: Schröder Agnes , Alefeld Annika , Forneck Anne , Spanier Gerrit , Deschner James , Proff Peter , Kirschneck Christian 
Published: March 2022

SummaryBackgroundThe endogenous hormone melatonin regulates the circadian rhythm and impacts on bone metabolism. As patient compliance to wear removable orthodontic appliances is generally higher at night, when melatonin release is increased, a boosting effect on tooth movement would be favourable for therapy, whereas an inhibiting effect would indicate daytime wear to be more therapy-effective. We hypothesize that melatonin has either a stimulating or impeding effect on the expression profile of periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) during simulated orthodontic compressive and tensile strain, which would suggest either an accelerating or inhibiting impact on orthodontic tooth movement in vivo.MethodsPDLF were preincubated with melatonin for 24 h and then subjected to tensile or compressive strain to mimic tension and pressure sides in PDL. In addition, the selective melatonin MTNR1B-receptor antagonist 4P-PDOT was used. We investigated melatonin effects on collagen synthesis, expression of inflammatory and bone-remodelling genes/proteins by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and total collagen assays. PDLF-induced osteoclastogenesis was analysed in a coculture model by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatise (TRAP) staining.ResultsExpression of melatonin receptors in PDLF was not affected by compressive strain. Melatonin increased expression of inflammatory factors and elevated collagen synthesis during mechanical strain. Melatonin showed no effects on OPG or RANKL expression without mechanical strain, but increased RANKL gene expression during compression.ConclusionsExpression of melatonin receptors by PDLF enable them to detect fluctuating melatonin concentrations in the periodontal ligament. Melatonin increased collagen synthesis and expression of inflammatory mediators, but had no effect on genes involved in bone remodelling. Therefore, we suggest that melatonin has no accelerating effect on PDLF-induced osteoclastogenesis.
Less revascularization in young women but impaired long-term outcomes in young men after myocardial infarction
Authors: Kerola Anne M , Palomäki Antti , Rautava Päivi , Kytö Ville 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
Female sex has previously been associated with poorer outcomes after myocardial infarction (MI), although evidence is scarce among young patients. We studied sex differences in cardiovascular outcomes after MI in young patients &lt;55 years old.

Methods and results
Consecutive young (18–54 years) all-comer patients with out-of-hospital MI admitted to 20 Finnish hospitals (n = 8934, 17.3% women) in 2004–2014 were studied by synergizing national registries. Differences between the sexes were balanced by inverse probability weighting. The median follow-up period was 9.1 years (max 14.8 years). Young women with MI had more comorbidities at baseline, were revascularized less frequently, and received fewer evidence-based secondary prevention medications (P2Y12 inhibitors, renin–angiotensin signalling pathway inhibitors, statins, and lower statin dosages) after MI than young men. Long-term mortality or the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; recurrent MI, stroke, or cardiovascular death) did not differ between the sexes in the unadjusted analysis. However, after baseline feature and treatment-difference adjustment, men had poorer outcomes after MI. Adjusted long-term mortality was 21.3% in men vs. 17.2% in women [hazard ratio (HR) 1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.53; P = 0.002]. Cumulative MACE rate was 33.9% in men vs. 27.9% in women during follow-up (HR 1.23; 95% CI 1.09–1.39; P = 0.001). Recurrent MI and cardiovascular death occurrences were more frequent among men. Stroke occurrence did not differ between the sexes.

Conclusions
Young women were found to receive less active treatment after MI than young men. Nevertheless, male sex was associated with poorer long-term cardiovascular outcomes after MI in young patients after baseline feature adjustment.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Older Women in the Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: VoPham Trang , Harris Holly R , Tinker Lesley F , Manson JoAnn E , Meliker Jaymie R , Wassertheil-Smoller Sylvia , Shadyab Aladdin H , Saquib Nazmus , Anderson Garnet L , Shumaker Sally A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a health crisis of which older adults are a high-risk group for severe illness and mortality. The objectives of this article are to describe the methods and responses to a COVID-19 survey administered by the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) to assess the impact of the pandemic on older women.

Methods
WHI is an ongoing prospective cohort study that recruited 161 808 postmenopausal women from 1993 to 1998. From June 2020 to October 2020, participants in active follow-up were surveyed by mail, phone, or online to assess health and well-being, living situations, lifestyle, health care, and self-reported COVID-19 testing, treatment, and preventive behaviors.

Results
Of 64 061 eligible participants, 49 695 (average age 83.6 years ± 5.6) completed the COVID-19 survey (response rate 77.6%). Many participants reported very good or good well-being (75.6%). Respondents reported being very concerned about the pandemic (51.1%; more common in urban compared to rural areas), with 6.9% reporting disruptions in living arrangements and 9.7% reporting changes in medication access. Participants (54.4%) reported physical activity levels were much less or somewhat less compared to levels before the pandemic, and this was more pronounced in urban areas versus rural areas (55.3% vs 44.4%). Participants engaged in preventive behaviors including wearing a face mask (93.2%). A total of 18.9% reported testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), among whom 3.5% (n = 311) reported testing positive.

Conclusions
In this nationwide survey of older U.S. women, the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with impacts on health and well-being, living situations, lifestyle, health care access, and SARS-CoV-2 testing and preventive behaviors.
Mobility of Phosphine-Susceptible and -Resistant Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) After Exposure to Controlled Release Materials With Existing and Novel Active Ingredients
Authors: Ranabhat Sabita , Zhu Kun Yan , Bingham Georgina V , Morrison William R 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
There is interest in developing controlled release materials (CRMs) with novel modes of action to improve resistance management. Long-lasting insecticide-incorporated netting (LLIN) with deltamethrin has been effectively used against stored-product pests. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of different CRMs (LLIN or packaging) with each of four active ingredients (AI) (deltamethrin, permethrin, indoxacarb, and dinotefuran) and compared them to control CRMs in reducing movement and increasing mortality of phosphine-susceptible and -resistant Rhyzopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum. Adults were exposed for 0.5, 2, or 60 min, and movement was assessed immediately or after 24, or 168 h using video-tracking and Ethovision software. We recorded total distance and velocity traveled by adults. Finally, we tested higher rates of each AI on surrogate netting material (e.g., standardized-sized cheesecloth) and varied exposure time to obtain median lethal time (LT50) for each compound and susceptibility. Exposure to LLIN with deltamethrin significantly reduced the movement of both species compared to the other CRMs regardless of their susceptibility to phosphine. Deltamethrin was the most effective AI for both species, while dinotefuran and indoxacarb were the least effective for R. dominica and T. castaneum adults, respectively. Most AIs resulted in appreciable and approximately equivalent mortality at higher concentrations among phosphine-susceptible and -resistant strains. Our results demonstrate that CRMs can be an additional approach to combat phosphine-resistant populations of stored product insects around food facilities. Other compounds such as permethrin, dinotefuran, and indoxacarb are also effective against phosphine-resistant populations of these key stored product insects except indoxacarb for T. castaneum.
Inhibiting miR-466b-5p Attenuates Neonatal White Matter Injury by Targeting Lpar1
Authors: Xiao Dongqiong , Su Xiaojuan , Gou Xiaoyun , Huang Lingyi , Ying Junjie , Li Shiping , Zhao Fengyan , Mu Dezhi , Qu Yi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
miR-466b-5p is aberrantly upregulated in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) after white matter injury (WMI). However, its roles in neonatal WMI pathogenesis are unknown. In this study, P3 rats were subjected to hypoxia-ischemia to establish a neonatal WMI model. A bioinformatic analysis was conducted to predict the possible target of miR-466b-5p as Lpar1. RT-PCR was performed to validate the expression of miR-466b-5p and Lpar1 mRNA. The miR-466b-5p antagomir was intracerebroventricularly administrated to inhibit miR-466b-5p; OPC differentiation, apoptosis, proliferation, and myelination were analyzed using immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, and electron microscopy. In addition, the behavioral performance of the rats was measured with the Morris water maze test. Sox10 expression and PLP trafficking were examined to elucidate the mechanism by which miR-466b-5p regulates WMI pathogenesis. We found that after inhibiting miR-466b-5p, the Edg2 protein was increased, OPC differentiation and myelinated axon formation were enhanced, and the rats’ behavioral performance was improved, whereas OPC proliferation and apoptosis were not affected. Furthermore, the expression of Sox10 was promoted while PLP trafficking was attenuated after miR-466b-5p inhibition. We conclude that miR-466b-5p is involved in the regulation of WMI pathogenesis, partly through the Lpar1/Edg2/Sox10 and Lpar1/Edg2/PLP signaling pathways.
Spatial patterns of a savanna palm treeBorassus aethiopumand its temporal variability
Authors: Traoré Amara Sidiki , Kouassi Kouadio Ignace , Koné Moussa , Gignoux Jacques , Barot Sébastien 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe spatial distributions and associations of plant species in a stand can provide essential information about their dynamics. However, since tree spatial distribution and association depend on factors that operate at different scales, disentangling the effects of environmental heterogeneity and plant–plant interactions requires the choice of a suitable null model for spatial analysis. We analyzed the spatial distributions of the same savanna palm tree populations that were studied, the underlying hypothesis being that these distributions have changed in 20 years. To remove the effect of large-scale environmental heterogeneity, the inhomogeneous L-function under the heterogeneous Poisson null model was used. We showed: (i) unlike 20 years ago, adults had a regular distribution instead of an aggregated distribution in the grass savanna; (ii) although the spatial distribution of seedlings and juveniles was always aggregated, we observed a decrease in the size of the aggregates (intensities); (iii) except for juveniles, no other stages were associated with nutrient-rich patches, which was also different 20 years ago; (iv) we did not observe any particular difference in structure between two study sites, only that female palm trees were spatially associated with entire-leafed seedlings in the reserve while they were spatially independent in the rural area. Our study supports the hypothesis that the spatial distributions have partially changed, and that the management of spatial heterogeneity has improved and given more precision in the results.
Divergent effects of grazing versus mowing on plant nutrients in typical steppe grasslands of Inner Mongolia
Authors: Liu Jiayue , Li Lu , Ji Lei , Li Yanlong , Liu Jiaojiao , Li Frank Yonghong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Grazing and mowing are two major land use types in natural grasslands, which have intensive effects on nutrient cycling of grassland ecosystems by deposition of fecaluria nutrient versus removal of hay nutrient. Plant nutrients sensitively respond to the changes in nutrient cycling, while the information on the effects of diverse grazing versus mowing regimes on plant nutrients at different organs or levels are incomplete. A field experiment was conducted to compare the effects of continuous versus rotational grazing, and low versus high mowing frequencies on grassland ecosystems in a semiarid steppe of Inner Mongolia. Plant community characteristics and C, N and P concentrations of dominant species were determined across different managements. We found (i) plant community height and standing biomass significantly decreased with grazing intensity under both continuous and rotational grazing and under annual mowing. (ii) Plant shoot C concentration decreased, whereas N and P concentrations increased with grazing intensity in the two grazing regimes, while these concentrations showed no significant changes in response to the two mowing regimes. (iii) Plant community aboveground C, N and P pools significantly decreased with grazing intensity of both grazing regimes, but did not decrease with mowing frequency in the two mowing regimes. (iv) Plant root C, N and P concentrations showed little significant response to different grazing or mowing regimes, indicating a relatively bigger stability or slower response in plant root nutrients. Our study provides insights into the nutrient cycling in grazing and mowing grassland ecosystems from multiple perspectives.
The Role of C-Reactive Protein as a Triage Tool for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children
Authors: Jaganath Devan , Reza Tania F , Wambi Peter , Nakafeero Jascent , Kiconco Emma , Nanyonga Gertrude , Oumo Ernest A , Nsereko Moses C , Sekadde Moorine P , Nabukenya-Mudiope Mary G , Kato-Maeda Midori , Andama Alfred , Yoon Christina , Mohanty Swomitra , Wobudeya Eric , Cattamanchi Adithya 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
C-reactive protein (CRP) has shown promise as a triage tool for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in adults living with the human immunodeficiency virus. We performed the first assessment of CRP for TB triage in children.

Methods
Symptomatic children less than 15 years old were prospectively enrolled in Kampala, Uganda. We completed a standard TB evaluation and measured CRP using a point-of-care assay. We determined the sensitivity and specificity of CRP to identify pulmonary TB in children using 10 mg/L and 5 mg/L cut-off points and generated a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to determine alternative cut-offs that could approach the target accuracy for a triage test (≥90% sensitivity and ≥70% specificity).

Results
We included 332 children (median age 3 years old, interquartile range [IQR]: 1–6). The median CRP level was low at 3.0 mg/L (IQR: 2.5–26.6) but was higher in children with Confirmed TB than in children with Unlikely TB (9.5 mg/L vs. 2.9 mg/L, P-value = .03). At a 10 mg/L cut-off, CRP sensitivity was 50.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 37.0–63.0) among Confirmed TB cases and specificity was 63.3% (95% CI, 54.7–71.3) among children with Unlikely TB. Sensitivity increased to 56.5% (95% CI, 43.3–69.0) at the 5 mg/L cut-off, but specificity decreased to 54.0% (95% CI, 45.3–62.4). The area under the ROC curve was 0.59 (95% CI, 0.51–0.67), and the highest sensitivity achieved was 66.1% at a specificity of 46.8%.

Conclusions
CRP levels were low in children with pulmonary TB, and CRP was unable to achieve the accuracy targets for a TB triage test.