bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID-19 on outcomes of childhood severe malaria: A comparative of study pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods
Authors: Ibrahim Olayinka Rasheed , Alao Michael Abel , Suleiman Bello Mohammed , Mokuolu Olugbenga Ayodeji 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The collateral damages from measures adopted to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic have been projected to impact negatively on malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Herein, we compared the prevalence and outcomes of childhood severe malaria during pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods at a tertiary health facility in Nigeria.
Methods
This was a retrospective review of cases of severe malaria admitted from 1st January to 31st December 2019 (pre-COVID-19 period) and 1st January to 31st December 2020 (COVID-19 period). We extracted relevant information including demographics, duration of symptoms before presentation, forms of severe malaria, and outcomes of hospitalization (discharged or death).
Results
In the pre-Covid period, there were a total of 2312 admissions to the EPU and 1685 in the covid period representing a decline of 27%. In contrast, there were 263 and 292 severe malaria admissions in the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods, respectively, representing an 11% increase in the absolute number of cases. The prevalence rates were 11.4% in the pre-COVID-19 period and 17.3% in the COVID-19 period representing an increase of 52% in the percentage differences. The mortality rate in COVID-19 period was higher than the pre-COVID-19 period ([10.3%;30/292 vs 2.3% 6/263], p < 0.001). The death rate increased by 350.0% during the COVID-19 period. A child is five times more likely to die from severe malaria in the COVID-19 era than in pre-COVID time (4.9, 95% CI 2.008, 11.982). In the COVID-19 era, presentation at a health facility was also delayed (p = 0.029), as were the odds of multiple features of severe malaria manifestations (p = 0.020).
Conclusion.
This study shows that the prevalence of severe childhood malaria increased by as high as11.0%, with a disproportionate increase in mortality compared to the pre-pandemic level. Most children with severe malaria presented late with multiple features of severe malaria probably contributing to the poor hospitalization outcomes (death) observed in this study.
First complete genome sequence of lumpy skin disease virus directly from a clinical sample in South India
Authors: Putty Kalyani , Rao Pachineella Lakshmana , Ganji Vishweshwar Kumar , Dutta Devasmita , Mondal Subhajit , Hegde Nagendra R. , Srivast Anand , Subbiah Madhuri 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Lumpy skin disease (LSD), a notifiable disease listed by the World Organization for Animal Health and a fast fast-moving transboundary viral disease infecting cattle and buffaloes, was reported in India in 2019 and has since rapidly spread across the country. This study reports the first complete genome sequence and analysis of a pathogenic LSD virus (LSDV) from India (LSDV/208/PVNRTVU/2020) obtained by direct sequencing of a suspected clinical sample using Illumina and Nanopore sequencing technologies. The complete genome sequence of LSDV/208/PVNRTVU/2020 is 150445 bp long, codes for 156 putative genes and carries identical 2254 bp inverted terminal repeats at either ends. The unique features reported in the LSDV isolates from the recent outbreaks in Asia, namely, the insertions of 12 nucleotides in the viral G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) and 27 nucleotides leading to duplication of 9 aminoacids in the extracellular enveloped virus-specific (EEV) genes were also conserved in LSDV/208/PVNRTVU/2020. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome sequence of LSDV/208/PVNRTVU/2020 revealed its close relation with Kenyan strains and clustered away from vaccine strains. Further analysis showed evidence of strong purifying selection without any recombination events. The data presented in this study could be useful for designing effective strategies such as developing rapid diagnostics and vaccines to control LSD.
Crystal anisotropy implications on the intrinsic magnetic and optical properties in van der Waals FePS3
Authors: Geraffy Ellenor , Zuri Shahar , Rybak Milosz , Horani Faris , Budniak Adam , Amouyal Yaron , Birowska Magdalena , Lifshitz Efrat 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Antiferromagnetic (AFM) FePS3 has gained significant interest recently for its potential applications in spin-related devices. This study exposes, for the first time, the strong impact of lateral crystal distortion on the magnetic arrangement and optical properties of FePS3. X-ray diffraction measurements uncovered a local anisotropy along the a/b crystallographic plane, inducing a breakage in FePS3 inversion symmetry, which greatly impacts it’s electronic and optical transitions. This includes an unexpected band-edge circularly polarized recombination emission, exposing a splitting of states in degenerate symmetric points (K+/K-). Secondly, implementation of crystal anisotropy in spin-exchange interactions among Fe atom’s nearest neighbors revealed stabilized a zigzag-AFM arrangement tilted away from the a-axis. Also, temperature-dependent PL measurements reflect arrangement at low temperatures and the coexistence of zigzag or Neél at mid temperatures. Highlighting the importance of the inclusion of a crystallographic anisotropy parameter for the simulation of the experimental observations.
Rucaparib, a PARP inhibitor, enhances β-lapachone-induced pyroptosis in pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Hengce , Guo Yueting , Chen Xiaoyang , Huang Zihan , Wang Shiyi , Liu Yingchun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
β-lapachone (β-lap) is FDA-approved to be used in a clinical trial. Efficacy of β-lap associates with cancer cell death and alterations in the tumor immune microenvironment. However, the links are poorly understood. We show that β-lap treatment triggered caspase 1 activity, promoted cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD), and released IL-1β and IL-18, markers of pyroptotic cell death. To expand the therapeutic utility of β-lap, we here demonstrate the combination of β-lap with Rucaparib, a PARP inhibitor in NQO1+ pancreatic cancer cells. Rucaparib enhances β-lap lethality and activates gasdermin E/caspase 3- mediated pyroptosis. These data implicate β-lap-induced pyroptosis in anti-tumor immune responses and highlight new therapeutic strategies for resistant PDA.
Neurofilament-light chain quantification by SimoaTM and EllaTM in plasma from patients with dementia: a comparative study
Authors: Truffi Marta , Garofalo Maria , Ricciardi Alessandra , Ramusino Matteo Cotta , Perini Giulia , Scaranzin Silvia , Gastaldi Matteo , Albasini Sara , Costa Alfredo , Chiavetta Viola , Corsi Fabio , Morasso Carlo , Gagliardi Stella 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Neurofilament light chains (NfL) are neuron-specific cytoskeletal proteins whose plasmatic concentrations have been explored as a clinically useful marker in several types of dementia. Plasma concentrations of NfL are extremely low, and just two assays are commercially available for their study: one based on the SiMoA™ technology and one based on Ella™. We thus studied plasma levels of NfL with both platforms to check the correlation between them and to assess their potential in the diagnosis of dementia. Plasma NfL levels were measured on 50 subjects: 18 healthy controls, 20 Alzheimer’s disease, and 12 frontotemporal dementia patients. Ella™ returned plasmatic NfL levels significantly higher than SiMoA™, however the results were strongly correlated (r = 0.94), and a proportional coefficient of 0.58 between the two assays was calculated. Both assays detected higher plasma NfL levels in patients with dementia than in the control group (p < 0.0001) and allowed their discrimination with excellent diagnostic performance (AUC > 0.95). No difference was found between Alzheimer’s and Frontotemporal dementia either using SiMoA™ or Ella™. In conclusion, both the analytical platform resulted effective in analysing plasma levels of NfL. However, the correct interpretation of results requires the precise knowledge of the assay used.
Women’s knowledge of perceived severity of illness predicting healthcare seeking behaviour for antenatal, postnatal care, and institutional delivery services. Findings from a National Survey in Afghanistan
Authors: Tawfiq Essa , Azimi Mohammad Daud , Feroz Aeraj , Hadad Ahmad Shakir , Soroush Mohammad Samim , Jafari Massoma , Yaftali Marzia Salam , Saeedzai Sayed Ataullah 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The importance of healthcare seeking for women’s health is well documented. However, less is known how women’s knowledge of perceived severity of illness affects healthcare seeking behaviour. This study examined the associations of women’s knowledge of perceived severity of illness with healthcare seeking behaviour for maternal health services.
Methods
Data were used from the Afghanistan Health Survey 2018. Women’s knowledge in terms of knowing danger signs or symptoms related to maternal health was assessed. The signs or symptoms a woman was expected to name were bleeding, swelling of the body, headache, fever, or any other danger sign or symptom (e.g., high blood pressure). A categorical variable on knowledge was created. The outcome variables were defined as ≥ 4 ANC vs. 0–3 ANC; ≥ 4 PNC vs. 0–3 PNC visits; institutional vs. non-institutional deliveries. A multivariate regression model was applied.
Results
Data were used from 9,190 ever-married women, aged 13–49 years, who gave birth in the past two years. It was found that only 22% and 2% of women sought healthcare for ≥ 4 ANC, ≥ 4 PNC visits, respectively. Fifty six percent of women had institutional deliveries. Multivariate analysis showed that the odds ratios (ORs) for ANC visits were 1.76(95%CI;1.53–2.04), 2.25(95%CI;1.97–2.58), and 2.81 (95%CI:2.35–3.35) in women who knew 1, 2, and 3–5 signs or symptoms, respectively, compared to women who knew none. The ORs for PNC visits were 1.81(95%CI:1.12–2.93), 2.22(95%CI:1.42–3.48), and 3.37(95%CI:2.02–5.62) in women who knew 1, 2, and 3–5 signs or symptoms, respectively, compared to women who knew none. The ORs for institutional deliveries were 1.38(95%CI:1.22–1.56), 1.80(95%CI:1.59–2.04), and 1.97(95%CI:1.64–2.37) in women who knew 1, 2, and 3–5 signs or symptoms, respectively, compared to women who knew none. It was found that in women who did not use at least 4 ANC, 4 PNC visits, or institutional deliveries, 27%, 33%, and 23% of them, respectively, said that it was unnecessary to seek healthcare. Main perceived barriers mentioned, were distance to clinics, financial constraints, and lack of female staff.
Conclusion
Health interventions are needed to promote women’s knowledge of perceived severity of illness, and to address perceived barriers in accessing maternal health services.
Metropolitan and Non-Metropolitan Cancer Survivors’ Health Behaviour Change Barriers and Desired Supports
Authors: Maxwell-Smith Chloe , Cohen Paul , Platell Cameron , Saunders Christobel , Tan Jason , Makin Gregory , Nightingale Sophie , Lynch Craig , Sardelic Frank , McCormick Jacob , Hardcastle Sarah 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose.
Cancer survivors are at risk of comorbidities, with those in non-metropolitan areas being particularly susceptible. Survivors identify unique barriers and supports to facilitate change, which may differ across survivors’ geographical classification.
Methods.
Survivors from metropolitan (n = 103) and non-metropolitan (n = 80) areas in Australia described barriers and suggested supports for physical activity and dietary change via open-ended survey items. Responses underwent thematic analysis.
Results.
Survivors’ barriers were primarily motivational and social. Survivors suggested change supports that corresponded with barriers, encompassing accountability, information from health professionals, and supportive social environments. Non-metropolitan survivors expressed logistical barriers and desired health professionals’ support.
Conclusion.
Novel insights have revealed the importance of social influences in supporting behavioural change. As poor motivation was a primary barrier across health behaviours and locations, programs may focus on strengthening commitment for change and harnessing the value of local support networks.
New geologic paleoseismological observations along the Acipayam−Serinhisar Fault zone, SW Anatolia
Authors: Hançer Mete , Kenanoglu Nebil , Akyol Erdal 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

An earthquake of M = 5.6 occurred on the 20 March 2019 in Acipayam, Denizli has caused extensive damages of infrastructures, located in a seismically active area at the southwest Anatolian fault system, in Türkiye. The causative fault (Acipayam-Serinhisar fault zone) has not shown on the active fault map of Türkiye and it has been discovered first time by this study. Identification of active faults is vital for understanding the tectonic setting of the region, and to develop the safe urban planning. The earthquake occurred on the Acipayam segment of this fault zone, which is divided into two separate segments. Three trenches were excavated for paleoseismological studies on this segment. The charcoal samples collected from the trenched exposures were dated by radiocarbon method. The data proposed three seismic events, which caused a surface rupture, at BC 235 − 95, AD 1227 − 1263 and AD 1471 − 1738. Considering the last two seismic events, this fault segment produced two surface rupture earthquakes of magnitude 6.0 and 6.5, 350 years apart.
A dynamical system with fixed-time convergence for solving the split feasibility problem
Authors: Liu Kaiping , Che Haitao , Li Meixia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this article, we first transform the split feasibility problem into the fixed point problem, and focus on a novel dynamical system to solve the fixed point problem. The existence and uniqueness of the solution of the dynamical system is revealed. Under mild conditions, we derive that the solution of proposed method globally converges to the solution of the split feasibility problem. Furthermore, the convergence time of the dynamical system can be upper bounded which is independent of any initial state. Finally, numerical experiments on signal processing and image restoration are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and competitiveness of proposed method.
Molecular characterization suggests kinetic modulation of expression of accessory viral protein, W, in Newcastle disease virus infected DF1 cells
Authors: Nayak B Nagaraj , Rajagopal Kalaimagal , Shunmugasundaram Revathi , Rao Pachineella Lakshmana , Vaidyanathan Saraswathy , Subbiah Madhuri 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Viruses adopt strategies to efficiently utilize their compact genome. Members of the family Paramyxoviridae, exhibit a cotranscriptional RNA editing mechanism wherein polymerase stuttering generates accessory proteins from Phosphoprotein (P) gene. Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, expresses two accessory proteins, V and W, by RNA editing. While P and V proteins are well studied, very little is known about W protein. Recent studies confirmed W protein expression in NDV and the unique subcellular localization of W proteins of virulent and avirulent NDV. We characterized the W protein of NDV strain Komarov, a moderately virulent vaccine strain. W mRNA expression ranged between 7 and 9% of total P gene transcripts similar to virulent NDV. However, W protein expression, detectable by 6 hours, peaked at 24 hours and dropped by 48 hours post infection in DF1 cells indicating a kinetically regulated expression by the virus. The W protein localized in the nucleus and by mutations, a strong nuclear localization signal was identified in the C-terminal region of W protein. The viral growth kinetics study suggested neither supplementation of W protein nor subcellular localization pattern of the supplemented W protein influenced viral replication in vitro similar to that noticed in avirulent NDV. A cytoplasmic mutant of W protein localized in cytoplasm unlike specific mitochondrial colocalization as recorded in velogenic NDV strain SG10 indicating a possible role of W protein in determining the viral pathogenicity. This study describes for the first time, the distinct features of W protein of moderately virulent NDV.
Age-dependent effects on palate volume and morphology during orthodontic RME treatment
Authors: Kinzinger Gero Stefan Michael , Lisson Jörg Alexander , Buschhoff Charlotte , Hourfar Jan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives

Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) shows different age-dependent effects: It has been shown that RME leads to a parallel expansion prior to the age of 10, while later and especially from the age of 12, a V-shaped expansion happens (transverse: anterior > posterior, horizontal: inferior > superior). However, it is not clear to what extent these effects influence palatal volume and morphology, and eventually maxillary functional space. The aim of the present study was to examine possible age-related effects of treatment with a dental anchored RME appliance upon volume and width/height ratio of the anterior and posterior palate.

Materials and Methods

60 children and adolescents with documented treatment histories after RME were divided into three equal groups according to age at treatment begin (PG 1: < 10 yrs, n = 20; PG 2: 10 ≤ 12 yrs, n = 20; PG 3: > 12 yrs, n = 20). Maxillary dental casts before and after therapy were digitized. Changes in palatal volume were determined using 3D analyses.

Results

In all patients, the palatal volume increases significantly after RME. Older patients experienced smaller increases in total and posterior volume in absolute and percentage terms. The anterior palate volume increases are almost equal in all patients. Since palatal width increases more markedly than palatal height, the width/height-ratio always increases. Except for the posterior region in PG 3, its increase is significant in all groups, both anteriorly and posteriorly. After successful RME, the palatal morphology appears normal anteriorly in PG 1, PG 2 and PG 3, and rather steep posteriorly in PG 3.

Conclusions

RME treatment with identical force application causes different, age-dependent effects upon palate volume and morphology. Width changes have a greater influence on palate volume than height changes.

Clinical Relevance

It is preferable to use an RME prior to the age of 10 if homogeneous changes of the anterior and posterior palate regarding maxillary symmetry and functional space are desired.
Magnitude and predictor factors of opportunistic infections among adult treatment users at universty of Gondar, 2019
Authors: Agezew Tsegaw , Tadesse Abilo , Derseh Lemma , Yimer  , Fetene Getnet 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Opportunistic diseases cause morbidity and mortality among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected persons. There is evidence of death on the predictors of opportunistic infections among people living with HIV in the study areas.
Objective: This study was conducted to determine the magnitude and predictors of opportunistic diseases among adults enrolled in the University of Gondar specialized Hospital HIV/AIDS care and Treatment services centre.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was implemented. Simple random sampling methods were employed to select follow-up chart of the patients. A total of 315 medical records were reviewed from University of Gondar specialized referral hospital. Socio-demographic and clinical data including diagnosis of opportunistic diseases were collected from the medical records. Period prevalence of opportunistic diseases over five years of period was determined. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine predictors of opportunistic infections.
Results: A total of 315 study participant medical records were reviewed from their follow-up charts. The majority of 186 (59%) were female. The median age was 35 years with an interquartile (IQR) of (30–40) and the median duration of antiretroviral treatment were 42 months with IQR of (32-56). The overall prevalence of opportunistic infections was estimated 21.9% with (95% confidence interval (CI, 17.5-26.3). Isoniazid preventive therapy coverage was 76.8%.Using logistic regression multivariate analysis with SPSS Cotrimoxazol prophylaxis (AOR=0.24,95% CI = 0.07-0.86)and base line CLINICAL stage(AOR=2.9,95%CI=1.58-5.34),were independent predictors of opportunistic infection.
Conclusions and recommendations
Opportunistic diseases were found to be high among HIV infected adults in Gondar specialized referral hospital. Proactive identification, management, and prevention of opportunistic diseases needs strengthen, especially among females, ambulatory or bed-ridden, and patients with low CD4 cell count.
Low-cost and fusion compressive sensing multiclass-image encryption for batch image processing
Authors: Sha Yuwen , Mou Jun , banerjee santo , Jahanshahi Hadi , Cao Yinghong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a low-cost multi-image cryptography system is investigated for Internet of Multimedia Things (MoIT) to acquire and transmit multiclass-image signals, such as grayscale, color and 3D images (Stereolithography format). Compression sensing (CS) is first introduced to solve the limitation of computing and storage resources faced by detectors when sampling data from different scenarios. The batch data after sampling are fused into 3D cubes, and the confusion-diffusion framework is used to encrypt them in 3D space to ensure the privacy of information during transmission. For confusion procedure, a novel technique, like 3D jigsaw puzzles, is designed to improve the efficiency of scrambling. Furthermore, a new nonlinear primitive is proposed based on Three-input majority gate (TIMG), and the nonsequential diffusion path generated by DepthFirst-Search (DSF) is used for diffusion operation. Experimental results and extensive security analysis show that the proposed encryption technique combined with the implementation of 3D space significantly improves the security and efficiency of batch image processing.