bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Rural Poverty and Quality of Life in Inhabitants of Two Districts in Peru
Authors: Saavedra-Coronel Jorge Luis 
Published: November 2022

Poverty is a social problem that has affected millions of societies on the planet. Quality of life standards is as diverse as each person's perception of them. The objective of this research was to describe to what extent and how rural poverty affects the quality of life of the inhabitants in the districts of Ongón and Urpay-Pataz, 2022. The research methodology was applied, with a quantitative approach, and a non-experimental design with causal and cross-sectional correlational scope. The variables considered were rural poverty and quality of life. The population was made up of 1250 inhabitants of the district of Ongón and 2048 inhabitants of the district of Urpay-Pataz, 2022, and simple random sampling. The sample was was 340 inhabitants of both districts. The survey technique was used and the questionnaire as an instrument. There was a significant influence of rural poverty on the quality of life of the inhabitants in the districts of Ongón and Urpay-Pataz, which suggested a decrease in rural poverty contingent on an improvement in the quality of life of the population. Rural poverty among the inhabitants was at a good to a regular level associated with aspects of family farming, social protection, sustainable management, rural non-agricultural employment and integrated infrastructure packages in the districts, and access to health, food, and sanitation services. The quality of life of the inhabitants was located at a good level to regulate linked to physical, psychological, social, and environmental aspects, access to electricity services. The influence of rural poverty and the quality of life due to its physical, social, and environmental dimensions in the inhabitants of the district of Ongón and Urpay, Pataz, were evident.
Laboratory Predictors for Morbidity and Mortality after Thermal Burns in Pediatrics
Authors: Matar Mohamed Ebrahim , Elsharkawy Ahmed Elsayed , Mahmoud Wael Hussein , Elheniedy Mohamed A. 
Published: November 2022

Background: The utility of laboratory values to predict complications in pediatric burn patients is poorly understood. This study assessed the laboratory investigations’ role in morbidities and mortalities prediction after moderate and severe thermal burn in pediatrics.
Methods: This prospective cohort study was carried out on 40 children with moderate and major thermal burn. All patients were subjected to clinical evaluation and laboratory investigations such as CBC, c-reactive protein (CRP), serum albumin, serum creatinine and urea.
Results: Patients were subdivided into two groups: uncomplicated group (n=25) and complicated group (n=15). CRP, serum albumin, platelet count, serum creatinine and urea can significantly predict sepsis incidence with AUC of 0.922, 0.912, 0.911, 0.807, 0.810, at cut off >12, ≤2, ≤194, >0.7, >23, with sensitivity of 100%, 90.91%, 100 %,100 %, 85.71%, specificity of 86.21 %, 86.21%, 79.31%, 24.24%, 39.39%, PPV of 73.3 %, 71.4%, 64.7%, 21.9% , 23.1% and NPV of 100 %, 96.2 %, 100 %, 100 % , 92.9% respectively. Serum creatinine and urea can significantly predict incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) with AUC of 0.807, 0.810 At cut off >0.7, >23, with sensitivity of 100.00 %, 85.71%, specificity of 24.24%, 39.39%, PPV of 21.9%, 23.1% and NPV of 100.0%, 92.9% respectively. Percent of burn, total ABSI, CRP, platelet, inhalation injury, albumin, creatinine and urea were dependent predictors for mortality. Sex, inhalation injury, percent of burn, total ABSI, hemoglobin, CRP, platelet, albumin, and creatinine were dependent predictors for sepsis. Sex, inhalation injury, percent of burn, total ABSI, CRP, hemoglobin, platelet, albumin and creatinine were dependent predictors for complication of acute kidney disease.
Conclusions: CRP, serum albumin, platelet count, serum creatinine and urea are good predictors of sepsis, AKI and mortalities after moderate to severe burn in pediatrics.
Leveraged Real Estate Investments by Tax-Exempt and Taxable Investors
Authors: Menna Gilbert G. 
Published: July 2002

This article evaluates real estate investments by entities that include tax- exempt and taxable investors where the investor leverages its acquisitions. The advantages and disadvantages of four investment vehicles-partnerships, REITs, special-purpose trusts, and a multiple-entity structure that combines a partnership with a REIT-are discussed. The author concludes that the most flexible investment vehicle is the multiple-entity partnership/ REIT structure.
The Journal of Real Estate Taxation, Vol. 17, No. 3 (Spring 1990), pp. 231- 249. (Reprinted with permission of Warren, Gorham & Lamont, Inc. All rights reserved.)
Cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 microsatellite polymorphism is associated with multiple myeloma
Authors: Zheng Chengyun , Huang DeRen , Liu Li , Björkholm Magnus , Holm Göran , Yi Qing , Sundblad Anne 
Published: July 2002

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B‐lineage malignancy with unknown aetiology. It has been considered that predisposing genetic factors might be implicated in the disease. In this study, the microsatellite polymorphism in the exon 3 of the cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4) gene was analysed in patients with MM and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), together with ethnically matched healthy controls. The results showed that frequencies of the genotype 86/86 and of the allele 86 were significantly decreased in MM and MGUS compared with matched healthy controls, indicating that the CTLA‐4 microsatellite polymorphism might represent a susceptibility locus for MM and MGUS.
The relationship between bone age, chronological age and dental age in children with isolated growth hormone deficiency
Authors: Vallejo‐Bolaños E. , España‐López A.J. , Muñoz‐Hoyos A. , Fernandez‐Garcia J.M. 
Published: July 2002

Aim. To relate dental age and bone age to chronological age in a group of children with isolated growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Design. A group of 25 children between the ages of 6 and 18 years, diagnosed as having GHD were studied. Of these, 16 were male and nine were female, undergoing replacement therapy with growth hormone (GH) over 2·5 years. Dental age (DA) was estimated from orthopantograms (Haavicko Methods) and compared to bone age (BA) by Greulich and Pyle Standards, and chronological age (CA). Results. CA versus BA – there was a statistically significant difference of 1·52 years between the average chronological age and bone age (t = 5·61, P < 0·001). CA versus DA – there was a statistically significant difference of 0·92 years between the average chronological age and dental age (t = 3·93, P < 0·001). BA versus DA – statistically nonsignificant differences were found between the average bone age and dental age (t = –0·60, P = 0·10). Conclusion. After 2·5 years of therapy with growth hormone both DA and BA showed a significant delay compared to CA. Despite the fact that some catch‐up occurs in speed of growth there is no evidence from the children in our study that might support the occurrence of a similar speed‐up in dental age.
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o calculations on the positive ions of the alkaline-earth oxides, fluorides, and hydroxides
Authors: Partridge Harry , Langhoff Stephen R. , Bauschlicher Charles W. 
Published: July 2002

Theoretical spectroscopic parameters are presented at the self-consistent-field and singles-plus-doubles configuration-interaction (SDCI) levels for the ground states of the positive ions of the alkaline-earth fluorides, oxides, and hydroxides. The alkaline-earth fluoride and hydroxide ions are found to have X 1Σ+ ground states corresponding to a M+2X−1 structure. The alkaline-earth oxide positive ions, on the other hand, undergo a change in ground state symmetry between CaO+(X 2Π) and SrO+(X 2Σ+), whereas the analogous alkali oxides undergo the change one row higher between NaO and KO. The greater stability of the 2Π states for the alkaline-earth oxide positive ions is due to the increased electrostatic
field created by the larger metal ion charge and reduced bond lengths. Calculations on the 3Π states of BeF+, MgF+, BeOH+, and MgOH+ indicate that these states, corresponding to the M+1X structure, lie much higher in energy. The bond distances of the positive ions are uniformly 0.07±0.02 Å shorter than the analogous electronic states of the neutral. By correcting for the relatively small errors in the theoretical bond distances for the neutrals, bond distances accurate to about 0.005 Å are obtained for the ions where experimental values are available for the neutral species. Since extensive one-particle basis sets are employed and differential correlation effects are minimized by dissociating directly to ions, theoretical dissociation energies and ionization potentials (I.P.) accurate to about 0.15 eV can be obtained. The dissociation energies (D0) in eV for the ground states at the SDCI level are found to be: BeO+(4.04), MgO+(2.31), CaO+(3.29), SrO+(3.28), BeF+(6.25), MgF+(4.46), CaF+(5.67), SrF+(5.71), BeOH+(6.00), MgOH+(3.62), CaOH+(4.73), and SrOH+(4.67). For all of the systems studied, the bonding is dominated by electrostatic interactions. However, the molecules containing Be show some covalent character owing to the large I.P. of Be+. We have found that the constrained space orbital variation analysis, which decomposes the bonding into intrafragment polarization and interfragment donations, is an excellent method for delineating the degree of ionic bonding in a molecular system.
Coriolis-assisted vibrational energy transfer in D2CO/D2CO and HDCO/HDCO collisions: Experiment and theory
Authors: Haub J. G. , Orr B. J. 
Published: July 2002

The technique of time-resolved infrared–ultraviolet double resonance is used to characterize the rates and propensity rules for mode-to-mode vibrational (V–V) energy transfer in D2CO/D2CO and HDCO/HDCO collisions. Such processes are found to be exceptionally efficient when collision-induced transfer is between the ν6 and ν4 modes of D2CO or between the ν5 and ν6 modes of HDCO: in the case of D2CO prepared in a specific ν6 rovibrational state by the 10R32 line of a CO2 laser, the rate of V–V transfer to specific states of the ν4 rovibrational manifold is approximately three times greater than the hard-sphere gas-kinetic collisional rate. This efficiency is much higher than for typical V–V transfer processes and approaches that of pure rotational relaxation, with the result that rotationally specific V–V transfer channels can be identified. The essential mechanism depends on the strong Coriolis coupling between the modes of D2CO or HDCO involved, as demonstrated by a semiclassical theoretical treatment which
considers only the electric dipole/dipole portion of the intermolecular potential. The combined effect of Coriolis and asymmetric-rotor perturbations causes mixing of rovibrational basis states and induces nonvanishing matrix elements of the permanent electric dipole moment between the vibrational modes of interest. These effects are most pronounced at moderate values of the rotational quantum number Ka (∼4), because quantum-mechanical interferences tend to annihilate the transition moment induced by Coriolis coupling alone at higher values of Ka. The theory also assumes that particularly efficient V–V transfer channels arise from very small energy differences between initial and final states of the state-selected molecule, owing to the abundance of collision-partner molecules then available to yield a zero overall energy defect for the pair of colliding molecules. The predictions of the simple long-range theory adopted yield order-of-magnitude agreement with the experimental results; possible deficiencies of the theory are discussed. Also discussed are the wider implications of the results, with regard to collision-induced V–V transfer between discrete rovibrational levels of small polyatomic molecules in general, to intramolecular vibrational redistribution in congested rovibrational and rovibronic manifolds, and to mechanisms of infrared multiple-photon excitation.
Two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation spectroscopy of molecular solids
Authors: Schleicher Andreas , Müller Klaus , Kothe Gerd 
Published: July 2002

Molecular motions in solids cover a broad dynamic range, extending from the fast rotational to the ultraslow motional regime. Two dimensional (2D) NMR relaxation spectroscopy is designed to follow these motions and to differentiate the various motional modes. The method employs the pronounced anisotropy of the nuclear spin relaxation times, observed for polycrystalline or multidomain samples. Generally, 2D NMR relaxation spectra are obtained by recording the time signals S(t2) after the last pulse as a function of successive incremented time intervals t1, corresponding to the relaxation period of the particular sequence. A Fourier transformation in both time domains transforms S(t1,t2) into a 2D representation S(ω1,ω2) of the relevant relaxation experiment.
The normalized contour plot then displays the change of the corresponding relaxation rate 1/Ti along the frequency spectrum. It turns out that this variation is very dependent upon the character of the molecular motion. Model calculations for deuterons, involved in planar motions, demonstrate the potential of 2D NMR relaxation techniques. Generally, the type of motion can reliably be deduced from the shape of the contour plots. A model independent analysis provides the geometrical parameters of the dynamic process, including the jump angle ΔψK and the orientation ϑK of the rotation axis in the magnetic frame. In addition, from the separation of the contour lines the motional correlation times can be determined. The techniques are employed in the dynamical characterization of L-alanine, specifically deuteriated at the methyl group. From an analysis of 2D quadrupole echo spectra geometrical parameters of ΔψK=(120±1)° and ϑK=(70.5±1)° have been determined. Apparently, methyl group reorientation in L-alanine occurs via three-site jumps about a rotation axis, tilted by an angle of ϑK=70.5° relative to the C–2H bond direction. Computer simulations of 2D quadrupole echo and inversion recovery experiments provide the correlation times for this motion. The values range from τJ=5×10−10 s at T=353 K to τJ=3×10−5 s at T=140 K. An Arrhenius plot for these correlation times is linear over the entire dynamic range. From the slope of the straight line an activation of Ea=20 kJ/mol has been determined.
Stationary solutions of the master equation for single and multi-intermediate autocatalytic chemical systems
Authors: Zheng Qiang , Ross John , Hunt Katharine L. C. , Hunt Paul M. 
Published: July 2002

In this work, we test a hypothesized form for the stationary solution Ps(X,Y) of the stochastic master equation for a reacting chemical system with two reactive intermediates X and Y, and multiple steady states. Thermodynamic analyses and the exact results for nonautocatalytic or equilibrating systems suggest an approximation of the form Pas(X,Y)=𝒩 exp(−φ/kT), where the function φ is a line integral of a differential ‘‘excess’’ work Fφ, which depends on species-specific affinities. The differential Fφ is inexact. In a preceding paper, we have given an analytic argument for the use of the deterministic kinetic trajectory, connecting (X,Y) to the steady state (Xs,Ys) as the path of integration for Fφ. Here, we show that use of the deterministic trajectories leads to a potential φdet which is continuous across the separatrix between the domains of attraction of the two stable steady states in the model studied.
We compare the approximate form of Ps(X,Y) thus generated with numerical solutions of the time-dependent master equation in the limit of attainment of a stationary distribution. Because the time required for convergence to the stationary distribution scales as eN with the particle number N in cases with two stable steady states, the numerical work is limited to systems with 𝒪(10–100) X and Y particles. System size affects the accuracy of the approximation. To isolate system-size effects, we compare numerical solutions and the corresponding approximations to Ps(X) for two single-intermediate master equations, since the approximation becomes exact in the limit of large particle number for such equations. Based on these comparisons, for the systems with two intermediates, the agreement between the approximation and the numerical solutions is reasonable. The agreement improves as the number of particles increases in those test cases where it has thus far been possible to vary the system size over an order of magnitude. The results obtained by integrating along deterministic trajectories are better than those from straight-line or line-segment paths. The numerical work on small, single-variable systems with two stable steady states leads to two new observations: (i) the relative heights of the steady state peaks in the exact stationary distribution may invert as the system size increases and (ii) an approximation used commonly for particle counting may give results inconsistent with the exact stationary distribution when the particle number is small, while an alternative approximation improves the agreement.
The effects of local stiffness disparity on the surface segregation from binary polymer blends
Authors: Kumar Sanat K. , Yethiraj Arun , Schweizer Kenneth S. , Leermakers Frans A. M. 
Published: July 2002

The surface segregation from free space polymer blends based on purely entropic effects is investigated using computer simulation and integral equation theory. Computer simulations are performed for tangent-hard-sphere chains of length ranging from short 10 bead chains to experimentally realistic 500 bead chains. The chain segments of one species experience a bending potential which is introduced between any two consecutive bonds and this serves to make this component stiffer than the other blend component. Computer simulations and numerical wall polymer reference interaction site model (wall-PRISM) integral equation calculations for finite hard core athermal chains demonstrate that at liquidlike densities the segments of the stiffer polymer always partition to a neutral surface, apparently independent of the length of the polymer chains in question. Although the primary factor affecting this segregation is the better local packing of the stiff chains at the surface, lattice mean-field calculations suggest that local conformational changes in the molecules also favor the stiff chains at the surface under these conditions. Further, nonlocal effects appear to be irrelevant in this context. Recently, field theoretic based models have suggested in the context of an incompressible approximation that stiffness disparity is the underlying cause for the experimentally observed surface segregation of branched molecules from blends of linear and branched hydrocarbon polymers (the branched molecules were considered more ‘‘flexible’’ or ‘‘conformationally smaller’’).
The segregation observed in the simulations, however, is both much smaller in magnitude and of the opposite sign to that seen in the field theoretic calculations. Coupled with results of independent work on the bulk behavior of these athermal mixtures, which do not capture the experimentally observed phase separation, we suggest that hydrocarbon blends, at least over the chain lengths examined, cannot be modeled in terms of purely entropic effects, but rather through the incorporation of energetics. Analytic wall-PRISM results for a thread like model of the polymer molecules are also presented, and show that the various approximations made in deriving analytical theories critically affect the magnitude and the sign of the predicted athermal segregation. The connections of our analytical work to recent field theoretic analyses is also discussed.
Spin–orbit configuration interaction study of potential energy curves and transition probabilities of the mercury hydride molecule and tests of relativistic effective core potentials for Hg, Hg+, and Hg2+
Authors: Alekseyev Aleksey B. , Liebermann Heinz-Peter , Buenker Robert J. , Hirsch Gerhard 
Published: July 2002

Ab initio CI calculations have been carried out for the low-energy states of the mercury hydride molecule HgH and its isotopomers. A relativistic effective core potential (RECP) given by Ross et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 93, 6654 (1990)] is employed to describe all but the Hg 5d and 6s valence electrons. Tests for a series of low-lying states of Hg, Hg+, and Hg2+ demonstrate that 0.1 eV accuracy is obtained at the SCF level with a high-quality basis set for this RECP in comparison with all-electron Dirac–Fock results up to 32 eV excitation energy. The DF values are themselves in error by 1–3 eV on the average compared to experiment, but the present CI calculations based on this RECP lead to considerably higher accuracy because of the importance of correlation effects in such determinations. Energy differences (12 cases) between states with the same number of electrons are computed to an accuracy of 0.1–0.2 eV in all cases after the spin–orbit interaction is included. These results compare favorably with those obtained by Häussermann et al. [Mol. Phys. 78, 1211 (1993)] with a ... 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 RECP and a corresponding larger AO basis to describe the more tightly bound electrons. Good agreement is found for the spectroscopic constants of the HgH molecule in its lowest four electronic states: X 2Σ+1/2, A1 2Π1/2, A2 2Π3/2, and B 2Σ+1/2 (maximal errors of 1000 cm−1 for Te, 0.03 Å for re and 150 cm−1 for ωe).
An RKR curve reported for the A1 state is shown to be in error beyond r=4.0 a0 because of its failure to describe a key avoided crossing with the B state. Radiative lifetimes computed for the A 2Π multiplets are both found to agree with values deduced from experiment to within 40%. The calculations find no difference in the HgH and HgD radiative lifetimes for either the A1 or the A2 states, whereas a large distinction in the measured A1 lifetimes of the two isotopomers is observed, thereby supporting the previous experimental conclusion that strong predissociation occurs in the HgH A1 state. Numerous higher-lying electronic states are also studied, with Te values up to 60 000 cm−1, and on this basis it is argued that earlier assignments for the HgH C–X and D–X transitions are incorrect, as previously concluded by Nedelec et al. [Chem. Phys. 134, 137 (1989)].