bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperament, Perceived Ethnic Discrimination and Bullying Behavior of University Students
Authors: Hania Alishba , Azhar Abeera , Fayyaz Muhammad Umar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The social information processing model suggests that the overall conduct of a person is the product of situational cues and past experiences. Likewise, a student who is new to on-campus life perceives his surroundings and social interactions according to the previous positive or negative social experiences. This research aimed to examine the relationship of perceived ethnic discrimination, temperamental characteristics, and bullying behavior (verbal, non-verbal, or bullying perpetration) among university hostilities. A purposive sampling strategy was used to recruit 635 university hostilities who belonged to on-campus’s ethnic minority groups. Constructs were analyzed by the Adult Temperament Questionnaire (self-report), Illinois Bully Scale (Teacher’s Version), and Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire Community Version (Self-report). The results suggested that two dimensions of perceived discrimination (place discrimination and perceived exclusion) acted as mediators between temperamental characteristics (Effortful control, negative affect, and extraversion) and types of bullying (physical, non-physical, and bullying perpetration).
Habeas Corpus as a Remedy for Deprivation of the Right to Personal Liberty: Contemporary Developments in Lesotho
Authors: Okpaluba Chuks , Nwafor Anthony O. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Long before the inclusion of bills of rights in written constitutions, the common law had great regard for the personal liberty of the individual. This was realised through the writ of habeas corpus which was available to protect anyone unlawfully deprived of their liberty. This ancient writ has not only survived at common law; it also remains active in contemporary judicial pronouncements. The writ has received acceptance by modern constitutions in different countries as a fundamental right enforcement process. This article examines the judicial application of that process in Lesotho within the constitutional framework of the protection of the right to personal liberty; depicting the acceptable parameters as would make the reliance on that process by individuals and the courts a more effective tool in affording reliefs to persons who are deprived of their constitutionally protected personal freedom.
Estimating the Size of the Dutch-Speaking Slave Population of New York in the eighteenth Century
Authors: Douma Michael J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Historians of American slavery are well-aware that there were slaves in New Netherland before the Dutch colony’s surrender to the English in 1664. It is seldom recognized, however, that the Dutch-speaking slave population in New York grew during the next century. This article establishes for the first time a reasonable estimate of the total number of Dutch-speaking slaves who lived in New York during the eighteenth century. To estimate the cumulative size of a dynamic population over time, the author constructs a population growth model with data drawn from New York’s colonial censuses, slave import and export data, and birth and death rates based on comparable historical circumstances, along with assumptions of exogenous shocks to the population due to factors such as war and slave runaways. The model suggests the total number of slaves who lived in New York at any point in the eighteenth century probably reached around 76,000. The article argues further that from 22,800 to 30,000 (30 to 40%) of these slaves likely spoke some Dutch.
The Classocracy League of Canada
Authors: Molas Bàrbara 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article recounts the neglected story of a group of radical-right intellectuals based in Montreal, who mobilized during the 1930s for the establishment of a new Canadian state. Inspired by Ukrainian ultraconservative thought, the Italian School of Elitism, and fascist corporatism, this diverse group founded an interwar movement called the Classocracy League of Canada. Their vision framed Canadian identity in Christian and European supremacist terms, while its leading members were engaged with other Canadian and transnational fascistic organizations, such as the Christian National Social Party and the Friends of National Spain. Although the Classocracy League of Canada remained ultimately marginal, its vision of racially restricted pluralism represented a novel form of exclusionary politics at the basis of which was fascist ideology.
Map and Territory in Comparative Law and Economics
Authors: Vargas Weil Ernesto 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper argues that developing more reliable methodological foundations for Comparative Law requires us to acknowledge the virtues and limitations of well-designed simplification in successfully accounting for the complexity of legal reality. If the researcher is aware of its limitations, Law & Economics is well suited to providing analytical frameworks that increase our ability to compare real-life legal institutions by reducing the complexity of the law in action. Relying on some underexplored elements of New Institutional Economics and recent developments in Comparative Law and in Law & Economics, it presents a pathway to overcome the main methodological pitfall of a joint approach. For this purpose, it analyses the problems of the functional method, traces how Law & Economics was brought into Comparative Law, discusses the main methodological advantages and pitfalls of combining both disciplines and proposes concrete forms to make use of such advantages, while avoiding the pitfalls.
Hayashi Tadamasa in the United States (1887)
Authors: Emery Elizabeth 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article extends the conclusions of “A Japoniste Friendship in Translation: Hayashi Tadamasa and Philippe Burty (1878–1890)” (Journal of Japonisme, 6:1, 2021), an essay dedicated to the translation and analysis of a set of French letters documenting the friendship between Hayashi Tadamasa and Philippe Burty. The present article focuses on a second set of letters sent from Hayashi to Burty while on a trip to the United States in 1887 during which he sold fourteen French paintings for Burty. Hayashi’s descriptions of transatlantic voyages, the tastes and practices of American clients, and his personal reflections on travel, religion, and the tensions among French and American japonistes provide valuable insights into his character, the art market, and the social and aesthetic situation of Japonisme in 1887.
The Investment Game in Private Equity
Authors: Lehtimäki Mika J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Private equity investing and the relationship between the GP and the LPs are plagued with the risk of information asymmetries and agency costs, so the markets have developed several mechanisms to align the incentives of the funds and the investors, most importantly through disclosure and protections in limited partnership agreements. However, such agreements may not always deal with the most important asymmetries or agency conflicts, especially the hidden effort problem. From the fund’s perspective, there are also other relationships that affect its internal dynamics. They are the need for interest alignment between the fund (and the GP) and the managers of the portfolio companies, the risk of financial agency costs and the risk of strategic creditor actions. All of these relationships are regulated primarily by contracts. In this paper, I evaluate the game-theoretical framework, Investment Game, based on the analysis of the GP-LP investment-effort relationship supported by a brief analysis of the other relationships. I argue that, in most cases, the LPs are able to solve the GP effort maximisation problem making part of the fund regulation unnecessary. However, private ordering may not work in some cases. Despite these situations, the Investment Game enables, even when the LPs cannot affect the fund terms, an analysis of the GP effort level and the level of undisclosed private benefits. Therefore, the Investment Game also sets a framework for a data analysis of private equity investing.
Red Hot Hips and Undulating Dreadlocks: Urban Music Groups, Scenes and Cultures in Santiago de Cuba
Authors: Lavielle Ligia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper aims to present groups, cultures and scenes next to or emerged from the private creations handed by the urban music producers in the city of Santiago de Cuba. This is an ambitious objective, due to the several manifestations entailed to the polyhedral sphere of producers and consumers of urban music, for instance, the rap-reggae scene, the Rastafari culture or the “reggaetonera” music culture. Despite of the protagonists of these expressions are alike in the point that their practices are relatively independent of the state management, their different tastes, objectives and cultural capitals allow them to take distance of each other.
The Ðông Sơn Speech Community: Evidence for Vietic
Authors: Alves Mark J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article reviews multiple lines of data in an attempt to determine the ethnolinguistic situation of the Red River Delta in northern Vietnam in the Ðông Sơn period (c. 600 BCE–200 CE) prior to the establishment of a Chinese administration there circa 200 BCE. A variety of possible scenarios are considered in light of linguistic, ethnological, archaeological, archaeogenetic, and historical textual data. Some scenarios must be excluded as they lack supporting evidence, while the remaining few are weighed against each other and ranked. At this point, the scenario with the most support, consisting primarily of archaeological and historical linguistic data, is that a community of Austroasiatic speakers resided in the Red River Delta from about 4000 BP, but that by the time of the arrival of Chinese groups, Vietic (a later stage of the original Austroasiatic group there) and early Tai groups had a presence in that region. Furthermore, comparative linguistic evidence most strongly supports a dominant Vietic linguistic presence in that region at that time, the portion of Vietic that eventually split off to become the Việt-Mường sub-branch and finally, within that, Vietnamese.
Correlates of suicidality in young people with depressive disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Moller Carl I , Davey Christopher G , Badcock Paul B , Wrobel Anna L , Cao Alice , Murrihy Sean , Sharmin Sonia , Cotton Sue M 
Published: April 2022

Objective: Depression is one of the most prevalent and disabling mental health conditions among young people worldwide. The health and economic burdens associated with depressive illness are substantial. Suicide and depression are closely intertwined, yet a diagnosis of depression itself lacks predictive specificity for suicidal behaviour. To better inform suicide prevention and early intervention strategies for young people, improved identification of modifiable intervention targets is needed. The objective of this review was to identify clinical, psychosocial and biological correlates of suicidality in young people diagnosed with a broad range of unipolar and bipolar depressive disorders. Method: Systematic searches were conducted across MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO to identify studies of young people aged 15–25 years diagnosed with unipolar or bipolar depressive disorders. An assessment of suicidality was required for inclusion. Reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 and Synthesis Without Meta-analysis guidelines. Results: We integrated findings from 71 studies including approximately 24,670 young people with clinically diagnosed depression. We identified 26 clinical, psychosocial and biological correlates of suicidality. Depression characteristics (type and severity), psychiatric comorbidity (particularly anxiety and substance use disorders) and neurological characteristics emerged as having the most evidence for being associated with suicidal outcomes. Our ability to pool data and conduct meaningful quantitative synthesis was hampered by substantial heterogeneity across studies and incomplete reporting; thus, meta-analysis was not possible. Conclusion: Findings of this review reinforce the notion that suicidality is a complex phenomenon arising from the interplay of multiple contributing factors. Our findings question the utility of considering a diagnosis of depression as a specific risk factor for suicidality in young people. Suicidality itself is transdiagnostic; adoption of a transdiagnostic approach to investigating its aetiology and treatment is perhaps warranted. Future research investigating specific symptoms, or symptom networks, might help to further our understanding of suicidality among young people experiencing mental illness.
Telehealth use by mental health professionals during COVID-19
Authors: Farrer Louise M , Clough Bonnie , Bekker Marthinus J , Calear Alison L , Werner-Seidler Aliza , Newby Jill M , Knott Vikki , Gooding Piers , Reynolds Julia , Brennan Leah , Batterham Philip J 
Published: April 2022

Objective: To examine and describe telehealth use and attitudes among mental health professionals in Australia and New Zealand during the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Participants completed a brief online survey between May and July 2020. Participants were recruited via peak and professional organisations and through psychology-focused social media groups and networks. The survey examined frequency of telehealth use, reasons for non-use, telehealth modalities, prior use, attitudes towards use, plans for future use, and training, information or resource needs. Results: A total of 528 professionals (85.2% female) participated in the survey, of which 98.9% reported using telehealth and 32.2% reported using telehealth exclusively. Respondents were less likely to use telehealth if they worked with clients experiencing complex issues (e.g. trauma), had more hours of weekly client contact, had a choice about whether to use telehealth or felt less positive about using technology. Respondents were more likely to hold positive views towards telehealth if they were female, had used online programmes with clients previously, were frequent telehealth users and were comfortable using technology. Participants expressed mixed views on client safety and the impact of telehealth on therapeutic process and effectiveness. Conclusion: Telehealth has a clear and ongoing role within mental healthcare and there is a need for strong guidance for professionals on how to manage client risk, privacy, security and adapt therapy for delivery via telehealth. In particular, there is a need for individual-, organisational-, professional- and policy-level responses to ensure that telehealth remains a viable and effective healthcare medium into the future.
Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody screening in first-episode psychosis
Authors: Warren Nicola , Freier Karen , Siskind Dan , O’Gorman Cullen , Blum Stefan , Gillis David , Scott James G 
Published: April 2022

Objective: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists recommends screening for a range of antibodies in first-episode psychosis, including anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies. Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody–associated encephalitis occurs with high antibody titres and may cause cognitive dysfunction, seizures and psychiatric symptoms. However, glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies are more frequently found in lower titre in association with other autoimmune disorders (such as diabetes mellitus type 1) and in healthy individuals. The utility of testing unselected populations of consumers with psychosis is unclear. The psychiatric manifestations of this disorder are also poorly described. Methods: First, systematic review of cohort and case–control studies that tested for IgG glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies in psychiatric populations was conducted. Random-effects meta-analysis of odds ratio for antibody positivity in cases with psychosis and controls assessed prevalence. Second, literature review of all published cases and case series of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody–associated limbic encephalitis was assessed for frequency and description of psychotic symptoms. Results: There were 17 studies, in which 2754 individuals with psychotic disorders were tested for glutamic acid decarboxylase IgG antibodies. Thirty-one consumers with psychosis (0.7%) had positive glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies compared to 24 controls (1.0%), all at low titre and not fulfilling diagnostic criteria for autoimmune encephalitis. Meta-analysis found no significant difference in rates of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody positivity (odds ratio = 1.8, 95% confidence interval: [0.90, 3.63]). Literature review found 321 cases of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody–associated limbic encephalitis, with psychosis in 15 (4.3%) cases. Clinical screening would have identified all cases that presented to psychiatric services. Conclusion: Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies were uncommon in consumers with psychosis, with no significant difference in prevalence from controls and no cases of encephalitis identified. In cases with established glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody–associated limbic encephalitis, psychotic symptoms were uncommon and identifiable by clinical assessment. Targeted antibody testing guidelines should be further considered.
Olfactory Function and Depression: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kim Boo-Young , Bae Jung Ho 
Published: April 2022

Objectives We investigated the relationship between olfactory function and depression and suggested future research in this area from rhinology. Methods We independently searched 5 databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane database) for recent studies published from December 2019 to the present. From the obtained studies, we reviewed the findings on olfactory function and depression using a questionnaire to measure depression and olfactory tests. Results The olfactory function test score based on the UPSIT-40 (standardized mean difference = −.37 [−.66; −.08], P = .0123) was significantly lower in the depression group than in the control group. The olfactory function score based on the Sniffin’ sticks test for identification, discrimination, and threshold was lower in the depression group than in the control. A meta-analysis of the studies showed that depressed patients showed lower olfactory function than the control group. Conclusions and Significance The findings revealed that an understanding of the relationship between olfaction and depression can be determined using an analysis methodology and a standardized olfactory test. Olfactory functioning and processing are highly integrated with emotion and memory through projections from the olfactory bulb to the central areas.
Laryngeal Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma: A rare adult neoplasm
Authors: Hafiz Yusuf Farah , Shaikh Irfan , Hussain Muntazir , Arif Aabiya , Rahim Danish , Hafeez Siddiqui Atif , Farrukh Shuja , Saleem Tebha Sameer , Huma Zil e 
Published: April 2022

The embryonal subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma is the most frequent, commonly seen in children. However, it is uncommon to discover this subtype in adults, especially in the larynx. We presented a rare case of a 63 years old man who presented with worsening hoarseness, dysphagia for solids, and dyspnea and was later diagnosed with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the larynx.
Vibration of Tympanic Membrane Influenced by Middle Ear Fluid
Authors: Wang Lijian , Wang Jie , Zhang Lifang , Li Xia 
Published: April 2022

Hypothesis The amount and viscosity of middle ear fluid probably influences the vibration function of the tympanic membrane (TM). Background There has been much research into the mechanisms of hearing loss resulting from middle ear fluid in the previous study. However, further study is required to understand how the middle ear fluid affects the vibration function of the TM. Methods Tests on a TM in a fresh cadaveric human temporal bone specimen under different simulated conditions were carried out. Saline (1 cSt) and silicone oil (100 cSt, 1 000 cSt, 12 500 cSt) were used to simulate middle ear fluid. The fluid approximately contacted 50% or 100% of TM, which was proportional to the fluid amount. Induced by stimulus signal with frequency domain from 0.25 to 8 kHz, the vibration at 6 points of the TM was measured by laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV), respectively. Data acquisition and processing were accomplished by self-developed software. Results With the increase of the fluid amount, the magnitude of velocity transfer function reduced across all frequencies. The effect of fluid viscosity on the TM vibration varied and reduced in a complicated way when the fluid viscosity changed. Conclusion Increasing fluid amount will significantly reduce the TM movement. The effect of fluid viscosity on the TM vibration was nonlinear and related to the fluid amount. The vibration at each point on the TM is frequency-dependent.
Efficacy of medicinal cannabis for appetite-related symptoms in people with cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Razmovski-Naumovski Valentina , Luckett Tim , Amgarth-Duff Ingrid , Agar Meera R 
Published: April 2022

Background: Anorexia (loss of appetite) is a prevalent and distressing symptom in people with cancer, with limited effective interventions. Medicinal cannabis has shown promise in improving appetite-related symptoms in people with cancer. Aim: To assess the efficacy of medicinal cannabis for improving appetite-related symptoms in people with cancer, considering measures and outcomes, interventions and toxicity. Design: Systematic review with narrative approach to synthesis and meta-analysis. Data sources: Databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, CENTRAL), websites and trials registries were searched from inception to February 2021. Included studies were randomised controlled trials (RCT) in English peer-reviewed journals comparing medicinal cannabis with placebo and/or another intervention. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results: Five studies were included that compared medicinal cannabis interventions (dronabinol, nabilone and cannabis extract) either with placebo ( n = 4) or megestrol acetate ( n = 1). Measures and trial endpoints varied, but efficacy was demonstrated in one trial only, in which dronabinol significantly improved chemosensory perception and other secondary outcomes (taste of food, premeal appetite, proportion of calories consumed as protein) compared with placebo. Cannabis interventions were generally well tolerated across studies, regardless of the product or dose, although the comprehensive measurement of toxicities was limited. Conclusion: Evidence from RCTs that medicinal cannabis increases appetite in people with cancer is limited. Measures, outcomes and interventions were variable, and toxicities have not been comprehensively evaluated. Future research should carefully consider biological mechanisms to guide more nuanced selection of endpoints and interventions, including product, dose and administration.