bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Key Sequences based on Cyclic Elliptic Curves over GF(28) with Logistic Map for Cryptographic Applications
Authors: Siddaramanna Sheela , Sarapady Venkatramanayya Sathyanarayana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe chaotic functions and cyclic elliptic curves (CEC) has attracted many researchers, especially cryptographers, since decades. As CEC and chaotic functions meet the requirements of the cryptography, they are widely used either in key sequence generation or encryption/decryption process. Since in symmetric key encryption, stream ciphers need a large key sequence to encrypt/decrypt the information, authors propose a hybrid model to generate pseudo random sequence using CEC and logistic map. The hybrid model is developed using CEC points over and an one‐dimensional logistic map. In the proposed system, binary chaotic sequence and CEC points are given to AES S‐box to get two random sequences separately. Byte wise parity is computed for both the sequences. Based on the parity of both the bytes, one of the byte is left shifted and the other is right shifted by two positions in a circular manner. Later, both the bytes are combined using the XOR operation to get the random binary sequence. The generated sequences are analysed for randomness using various test suites like NIST, Correlation, FIPS, and TestU01. It has been observed that all the sequences pass the randomness tests. Using additive stream cipher, image encryption is implemented by considering the generated sequence as key sequence. The performance evaluation and security analysis of the encryption process is conducted. The results obtained for the proposed system indicate that the system is robust to withstand many cryptanalytic attacks.
Structures and Spectra of Halide Hydrate Clusters in the Solid State: A Link between the Gas Phase and Solution State
Authors: Curnow Owen J. , Crittenden Deborah L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis Review describes and assesses known solid‐state examples of halide hydrates that are discrete in nature. Most of these are chloride hydrates, and most discrete clusters are dihalides, with very few mono‐ or multi‐halide species found in the solid state. Polymeric chloride hydrates, on the other hand, are mostly 2D layered structures. We also observe that there is a gap in the chloride:water ratio between 8–20 waters per chloride. Isolated clusters can be found with 1–3 waters per chloride, 2D layers with 2–8 waters, and 3D semiclathrates with 20–38 waters. However, 1D chains comprise only 1–2 waters per chloride. [Cl(H2O)]− is the only species found in both the solid state and gas phase and is also the only halide hydrate with a free OH group. Infrared spectra in the ν(OH) region are distinctive and useful for identification. Agreement between computed (gas phase) and experimentally‐observed solid state structures and their vibrational spectra gives us confidence that discrete halide hydrate species observed in the solid state provide a useful link between gas phase species and structural motifs of halide hydrates in solution, especially microsolvated ion‐pairs.
Joint user association and energy efficiency maximization in beyond 5G heterogeneous networks
Authors: Shahzad Faisal , Ali Mudassar , Zubair Khan Humayun , Naeem Muhammad , Masud Usman , Qamar Farhan 
Published: February 2022

SummaryHeterogeneous networks (HetNets) seem to be the future of data networks supported by macrocells, small cells, relays, and D2D communication. The main purpose of HetNets is to facilitate maximum users while keeping energy efficiency (EE) to its peak. In this research work, we have formulated joint users association and EE maximization problem for HetNets, where our main goal is to increase the number of users associated with HetNets while keeping EE to its maximum. Formulated problem is a concave fractional problem in nature. We have used Charnes–Cooper Transformation to convert it to the concave optimization problem. We have used the (MADS) algorithm to solve the formulated optimization problem. Results have been analyzed after extensive simulations. Performance of MADS algorithm have been shown with respect to different system parameters, that is, the number of users associated, the minimum required data rate, and joint maximization of users associated and EE.
Primary epithelioid angiosarcoma of the mediastinum, cytomorphologic features of a rare entity—A case report and literature review
Authors: Vats Karan , Al‐Nourhji Omar , Wang Hui , Wang Chunjie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEpithelioid angiosarcoma (EA) is a highly aggressive vascular neoplasm. Primary mediastinal EA is extremely rare with only few cases reported in the English literature. We herein present a case of a 78‐year‐old patient, who was found to have a right superior mediastinal mass associated with mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy. Endobronchial ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology of a station 4R lymph node revealed a cellular, discohesive malignant neoplasm displaying primarily epithelioid morphology with occasional spindled, plasmacytoid, and tumor giant cells. The tumor cells had ample eosinophilic cytoplasm with pleomorphic nuclei and prominent nucleoli. Vasoformative features were noted, exemplified by widespread cytoplasmic vacuoles containing neutrophils and rare red blood cells (hemophagocytosis) and vascular channels identified solely in the cell block. By immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells stained strongly positive for vimentin, positive for ERG, CD‐31, FLI‐1, and focally positive for pan‐cytokeratin. The cytomorphological features and immunostaining patterns were diagnostic of EA. No history of malignancy was reported, and no other lesions were identified on imaging. The diagnosis of primary mediastinal EA on cytology and small biopsy specimens may be challenging due to the rarity of this tumor, limited diagnostic material, and overlapping morphologic features with other entities in the differential diagnosis. A high index of suspicion, especially in cases with vasoformative features, and utilization of ancillary studies can help establish the diagnosis.
Investigation of the μ‐ and κ‐opioid receptor activation by eight new synthetic opioids using the [35S]‐GTPγS assay: U‐47700, isopropyl U‐47700, U‐49900, U‐47931E, N‐methyl U‐47931E, U‐51754, U‐48520, and U‐48800
Authors: Otte Lorina , Wilde Maurice , Auwärter Volker , Grafinger Katharina Elisabeth 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn 2009, new synthetic opioids appeared on the new psychoactive substances market. This class of new psychoactive substances generally poses a health risk due to the high affinity and potency of most of these compounds for the opioid receptors. It is known that overdoses can lead to respiratory depression and result in death. However, for many new synthetic opioids, data on toxicological and toxicokinetic properties are scarce. In the present study, eight U‐opioids were investigated for their structure activity relationships at the μ‐ and κ‐opioid receptors using a [35S]‐GTPγS assay. The potencies of the investigated U‐opioids were lower than those of the reference compounds (μ‐opioid receptor: hydromorphone, fentanyl; κ‐opioid receptor: U‐69593, U‐50488). At the μ‐opioid receptor, U‐47700 showed the highest potency with an EC50 value of 111 nM, and at the κ‐opioid receptor, U‐51754 was found to be the most potent compound with an EC50 value of 120 nM. The following structural features were advantageous for activating the μ‐opioid receptor: two chlorine substituents in 3,4‐position at the aromatic ring, the absence of the methylene group between the amide group and the aromatic ring, a methyl group at the amide nitrogen, and/or a dimethylamine residue at the amine nitrogen of the cyclohexane ring. Further, the following structural features were beneficial for κ‐opioid receptor activation: a methylene group between the amide group and the aromatic ring, a pyrrolidine residue at the amine nitrogen of the cyclohexane ring, a methyl group at the amide nitrogen, and/or a chlorine substitution at the 3,4‐position of the aromatic ring.
Inferred seasonal alternation in the anatomical structures determining maximum transpiration rate in upland boreal stand types
Authors: Studens John A. , Wang Xianli , Candau Jean‐Noel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the boreal forest the water‐absorbing fraction of the root network undergoes an annual cycle of growth and dieback that is positively correlated with soil temperature. This study is a modelling exercise that uses duff temperature as a proxy for root uptake capacity to gain insight into its potential influence on the seasonal dynamics of maximum transpiration rate. Atmospheric and soil variables were measured hourly over six growing seasons in four boreal stand types. Empirical drying models predicting the relative contribution of evaporation and transpiration to the hourly change in duff moisture content were developed for periods when precipitation was not adding water and bulk flow was not removing it. The transpiration model was effective at predicting duff moisture loss in the springtime and late autumn but underestimated it in the intervening period. This divergence could be corrected by replacing the model's duff‐temperature input variable with a calibrated fixed value between 15°C and 24°C. These findings suggest that root uptake capacity is the dynamic limiting factor to maximum transpiration rate in the spring and late autumn while outflow potential through the fixed number of stomata in the canopy assumes the role during the summer and early autumn once functional equilibrium with root uptake capacity has been established. Deterioration in this three‐phase pattern in later iterations of the study was associated with drought‐induced reductions in transpiration at the same sites in the preceding year and hints at shortfalls in the production of starch needed to initiate fine‐root growth in the spring.
Review on Occurrence, Sources of Contamination, and Mitigation Strategies of Phthalates in Vegetable Oils
Authors: Wang Su Yin , Wang Man Qiu , Yang En Qi , Chen Xian Mao , Pan Feng Guang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPhthalates (PAEs) are fat‐soluble pollutants with a molecular structure similar to hormones. Long‐term intake of PAEs exceeding the safe dose can lead to poisoning of the liver, kidney, lung, heart, and multiple tissue systems causing harm to the human body. Edible vegetable oil is one of the sources of human exposure to PAEs. Therefore, information on PAE levels in edible vegetable oils is very important for human exposure assessment. This paper reviews the sources of PAEs in edible vegetable oil, the causes of pollution in the process of production, processing, storage, and transportation, relevant control strategies and existing removal methods.Practical applications: This article reviews the sources, content, and removal methods of PAEs in edible vegetable oils. It aims to assess the global pollution status of PAEs in edible vegetable oil, provide information and reference for the control of PAEs in edible vegetable oil, and provide future reference for PAEs in edible vegetable oil.
Deep generative model for probabilistic wind speed and wind power estimation at a wind farm
Authors: Salazar Andrés A. , Zheng Jiafeng , Che Yuzhang , Xiao Feng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis work introduces a novel method to generate probabilistic hub‐height wind speed forecasts aimed at power output prediction. We employ state‐of‐the‐art convolutional variational autoencoders (CVAEs) trained with historical wind speed observations, multivariable outputs (wind speed, direction, temperature, pressure, and humidity) from a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model and spatio‐temporal encodings. After training, we exploit the CVAE data generating capabilities to produce probabilistic forecasts from the same deterministic dynamical NWP model. The resulting probabilistic forecast provides an insight into the uncertainty of the original deterministic input that compensate for errors due to numerical discretization, inaccuracies in initial/boundary conditions and parameterizations and, most importantly wind speed fluctuations due to complex terrain features. To show the performance of the proposed model, we validate the approach with forecasted and observed data for fifteen sites in a wind farm in Awaji Island, Japan, in a challenging zone with complex topography and highly fluctuating wind patterns. We show that the proposed method provides improved wind speed forecasts from both deterministic (reduced root mean square error) and probabilistic (reduced continuous ranked probability score) standpoints. We also use ensemble forecast validation methods to assess the statistical properties of the CVAE and conclude that in zones with rapidly changing wind speed dynamics, the CVAE ensemble performs in a superior way when compared to the analog ensemble method. Finally, we also provide an insight on how the results can be used to obtain reliable wind power estimations.
Wind flow dynamics and sand deposition behind excavated foredune notches on developed coasts
Authors: Nguyen Duc , Hilton Michael , Wakes Sarah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study examines wind flow dynamics and downwind sand deposition behind engineered notches in a foredune system on a developed coast. Recent studies have examined the morphodynamics downwind of such notches, however, wind flow dynamics and sand deposition in the lee of such notches is not well understood, particularly in relation to artificial foredunes on developed coasts. Wind flow dynamics behind an excavated notch at St Kilda beach, Dunedin, New Zealand is measured using vertical arrays of ultrasonic anemometers. Field data is used to validate computational fluid dynamic flow simulations to examine flow dynamics behind a foredune section with multiple notches. Sand deposition behind the notches is measured using sand pot traps.Wind direction across the depositional lobe aligns with notch orientation and the normalized wind speed increases when the incident wind direction is >10° to the shoreline in a notch that orientates 67° to the shoreline. Wind speed in the swale downwind a notch decreases when the incident wind direction shifts from alongshore to onshore normal. Flow reversal occurs when the incident wind direction approaches onshore normal (>72° to the shoreline). Helicoidal flow appears to occur in the lee of the higher foredune section when the incident wind direction is 74° to the shoreline, while alongshore flow dominates in the lower section. Most sand deposition occurs within 5 m of the depositional lobe of the notch. The orientation of excavated notches should be less than 74° relative to the shoreline to prevent the occurrence of flow reversal in the swale, which might reduce the distance that sand can be transported inland from the notches when the incident wind direction is parallel to the notch axis.
Earthworm (Metaphire guillelmi) activities increase the risk of soil erosion – a simulation experiment
Authors: Chen Mingyu , Shao Ming'an , Wei Xiaorong , Li Tongchuan , Zhang Qingyin , Sun Shuchen , Yang Xi , Gan Miao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEarthworms exert a great impact on soil physical and chemical properties through feeding, burrowing, and casting activities. These activities can further affect soil erosion processes. However, we have insufficient knowledge on the effects of earthworm activities on soil erosion. In this study, we quantified the effects of earthworm activities on soil water distribution, runoff rate, and soil erosion rate under three slope gradients (5°, 10°, and 15°) through a laboratory‐simulated rainfall experiment. The uniform rainfall intensity (80 mm h−1) was set, and the rainfall duration after runoff generation was set to 60 min. Results showed that earthworm increased soil water infiltration and soil water storage (SWS). The increments in SWS were 41.2, 24.0, and 34.9 mm, respectively, in the tanks with earthworms at the slope gradients of 5°, 10°, and 15°, which were 93%, 51%, and 70% higher than the values of the control plots (21.3, 15.9, and 20.5 mm). Compared with the control plots, earthworm activities reduced the runoff rate at slope gradients of 5°, 10°, and 15° by 70%, 13%, and 39%, respectively; and increased soil erosion rate at slope gradients of 10° and 15° by 42% and 46%, respectively. Through their feeding, burrowing, and casting activities, earthworm increased soil water infiltration, reduced surface runoff, and increased soil erosion. This study provides insights into the effects of soil animals on soil erosion processes, and these data could then be incorporated into existing soil erosion simulation models or provide a basis for new models.
Phagocytic astrocytes: Emerging from the shadows of microglia
Authors: Konishi Hiroyuki , Koizumi Schuichi , Kiyama Hiroshi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractElimination of dead or live cells take place in both a healthy and diseased central nervous system (CNS). Dying or dead cells are quickly cleared by phagocytosis for the maintenance of a healthy CNS or for recovery after injury. Live cells or parts thereof, such as the synapses and myelin, are appropriately eliminated by phagocytosis to maintain or refine neural networks during development and adulthood. Microglia, the specific population of resident macrophages in the CNS, are classically considered as primary phagocytes; however, astrocytes have also been highlighted as phagocytes in the last decade. Phagocytic targets and receptors are reported to be mostly common between astrocytes and microglia, which raises the question of how astrocytic phagocytosis differs from microglial phagocytosis, and how these two phagocytic systems cooperate. In this review, we address the consequences of astrocytic phagocytosis, particularly focusing on these elusive points.
“We have nothing left to bury.”
Authors: Brummett Abram , Thornton Andrea , Salter Erica K. , Deters Samuel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAfter miscarrying in the hospital at eleven weeks, a patient gratefully accepts the hospital’s offer to take advantage of a program for low‐income patients that provides burial for fetal remains and a memorial plaque for the gravesite. However, a hospital employee accidentally incinerates the remains, and the error is not discovered until after the ashes are discarded. Two commentaries offer opposing arguments in response to the question whether, to avoid adding to the patient’s grief, it is ethically permissible for the clinicians not to disclose the error to her and to proceed with having the name put on a plaque at the burial ground.
Long‐term outcomes and central nervous system relapse in extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Miyazaki Kana , Suzuki Ritsuro , Oguchi Masahiko , Taguchi Senzo , Amaki Jun , Maeda Takeshi , Kubota Nobuko , Maruyama Dai , Terui Yasuhito , Sekiguchi Nodoka , Takizawa Jun , Tsukamoto Hiroyuki , Murayama Tohru , Ando Toshihiko , Matsuoka Hiroshi , Hasegawa Masatoshi , Wada Hideho , Sakai Rika , Kameoka Yoshihiro , Tsukamoto Norifumi , Choi Ilseung , Masaki Yasufumi , Shimada Kazuyuki , Fukuhara Noriko , Utsumi Takahiko , Uoshima Nobuhiko , Kagami Yoshitoyo , Asano Naoko , Ejima Yasuo , Katayama Naoyuki , Yamaguchi Motoko 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo elucidate the long‐term outcomes of non‐anthracycline‐containing therapies and central nervous system (CNS) events in patients with extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL), the clinical data of 313 patients with ENKTL diagnosed between 2000 and 2013 in a nationwide retrospective study in Japan were updated and analyzed. At a median follow‐up of 8.4 years, the 5‐year overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were 71% and 64%, respectively, in 140 localized ENKTL patients who received radiotherapy‐dexamethasone, etoposide, ifosfamide, and carboplatin (RT‐DeVIC) in clinical practice. Nine (6.4%) patients experienced second malignancies. In 155 localized ENKTL patients treated with RT‐DeVIC, 10 (6.5%) experienced CNS relapse (median, 12.8 months after diagnosis). In five of them, the events were confined to the CNS. Nine of the 10 patients who experienced CNS relapse died within 1 year after CNS relapse. Multivariate analysis identified gingival (hazard ratio [HR], 54.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.60–343.35) and paranasal involvement (HR, 7.42; 95% CI, 1.78–30.89) as independent risk factors for CNS relapse. In 80 advanced ENKTL patients, 18 received steroid (dexamethasone), methotrexate, ifosfamide, L‐asparaginase, and etoposide (SMILE) chemotherapy as first‐line treatment. Patients who received SMILE as their first‐line treatment tended to have better OS than those who did not (p = 0.071). Six (7.5%) advanced ENKTL patients experienced isolated CNS relapse (median, 2.6 months after diagnosis) and died within 4 months of relapse. No second malignancies were documented in advanced ENKTL patients. In the entire cohort, the median OS after first relapse or progression was 4.6 months. 12 patients who survived 5 years after PFS events were disease‐free at the last follow‐up. Of those, 11 (92%) underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Our 8‐year follow‐up revealed the long‐term efficacy and safety of RT‐DeVIC and SMILE. The risk of CNS relapse is an important consideration in advanced ENKTL.
Validation of parental stress scale in a Greek sample of mothers with infants from 0 to 12 months
Authors: Ekizoglou Chrysoula , Vousoura Eleni , Anagnostopoulos Dimitrios , Papageorgiou Charalampos , Zervas Ioannis M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractParenting an offspring is a rewarding, albeit challenging task, often accompanied by high levels of stress. It is important to accurately assess the stress associated with parenting, as severe forms of stress may affect the parent‐child dyad and lead to poor child outcomes. The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Parental Stress Scale (PSS) in the Greek population. We implemented forward and back translation and conducted a pilot test. A total of 735 mothers (Mage = 34.6) with infants aged 0–12 months completed the PSS, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The Greek PSS‐18 showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .83) and adequate convergent validity. Results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis revealed two underlying factors: positive aspects of parenting and negative aspects of parenting. Our data confirm the validity of the Greek version of the PSS‐18 in mothers with infants aged 0–12 months. The Greek version of the PSS‐18 could be a useful tool for professionals and researchers who are interested in perinatal period and the aspects of parenthood.