bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stopping Hospital Infections With Environmental Services (SHINE): A Cluster-randomized Trial of Intensive Monitoring Methods for Terminal Room Cleaning on Rates of Multidrug-resistant Organisms in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Ziegler Matthew J , Babcock Hilary H , Welbel Sharon F , Warren David K , Trick William E , Tolomeo Pam , Omorogbe Jacqueline , Garcia Diana , Habrock-Bach Tracy , Donceras Onofre , Gaynes Steven , Cressman Leigh , Burnham Jason P , Bilker Warren , Reddy Sujan C , Pegues David , Lautenbach Ebbing , Kelly Brendan J , Fuchs Barry , Martin Niels D , Han Jennifer H 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) frequently contaminate hospital environments. We performed a multicenter, cluster-randomized, crossover trial of 2 methods for monitoring of terminal cleaning effectiveness.

Methods
Six intensive care units (ICUs) at 3 medical centers received both interventions sequentially, in randomized order. Ten surfaces were surveyed each in 5 rooms weekly, after terminal cleaning, with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) monitoring or an ultraviolet fluorescent marker (UV/F). Results were delivered to environmental services staff in real time with failing surfaces recleaned. We measured monthly rates of MDRO infection or colonization, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridioides difficile, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, and MDR gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB) during a 12-month baseline period and sequential 6-month intervention periods, separated by a 2-month washout. Primary analysis compared only the randomized intervention periods, whereas secondary analysis included the baseline.

Results
The ATP method was associated with a reduction in incidence rate of MDRO infection or colonization compared with the UV/F period (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.876; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.807–0.951; P = .002). Including the baseline period, the ATP method was associated with reduced infection with MDROs (IRR 0.924; 95% CI, 0.855–0.998; P = .04), and MDR-GNB infection or colonization (IRR 0.856; 95% CI, 0.825–0.887; P &lt; .001). The UV/F intervention was not associated with a statistically significant impact on these outcomes. Room turnaround time increased by a median of 1 minute with the ATP intervention and 4.5 minutes with UV/F compared with baseline.

Conclusions
Intensive monitoring of ICU terminal room cleaning with an ATP modality is associated with a reduction of MDRO infection and colonization.
Prolonged Shedding of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at High Viral Loads Among Hospitalized Immunocompromised Persons Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), South Africa
Authors: Meiring Susan , Tempia Stefano , Bhiman Jinal N , Buys Amelia , Kleynhans Jackie , Makhasi Mvuyo , McMorrow Meredith , Moyes Jocelyn , Quan Vanessa , Walaza Sibongile , du Plessis Mignon , Wolter Nicole , von Gottberg Anne , Cohen Cheryl ,   COVID-19 shedding study group, Black John , Goedhals Dominique , Maloba Bonnie , Potgieter Samantha , Black Marianne , Chibabhai Vindana , Mbenenge Nonhlanhla , Nana Trusha , Stacey Sarah , Treurnicht Florette , Moncho Masego , Nchabeleng Maphoshane , Shikwambane-Ntlemo Grace , Chomba Rispah , Nel Jeremy , Hoosen Anwar , Said Mohamed , Bayat Junaid , Sookan Lisha , Sirkar Surendra , Dawood Halima , Haffejee Sumayya , Pillay Somasundram , Ramjathan Praksha , Mvelase Nomonde , Mulla Javid , Lekalakala-Mokaba Ruth , Madua Matamela , Ntuli Sindile , Crede Thomas , Reddy Kessendri , Taljaard Jantjie , Whitelaw Andrew 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
We assessed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA shedding duration and magnitude among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PLHIV).

Methods
From May through December 2020, we conducted a prospective cohort study at 20 hospitals in South Africa. Adults hospitalized with symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were enrolled and followed every 2 days with nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal (NP/OP) swabs until documentation of cessation of SARS-CoV-2 shedding (2 consecutive negative NP/OP swabs). Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing for SARS-CoV-2 was performed, and cycle-threshold (Ct) values &lt; 30 were considered a proxy for high SARS-CoV-2 viral load. Factors associated with prolonged shedding were assessed using accelerated time-failure Weibull regression models.

Results
Of 2175 COVID-19 patients screened, 300 were enrolled, and 257 individuals (155 HIV-uninfected and 102 PLHIV) had &gt; 1 swabbing visit (median 5 visits [range 2–21]). Median time to cessation of shedding was 13 days (interquartile range [IQR] 6–25) and did not differ significantly by HIV infection. Among a subset of 94 patients (41 PLHIV and 53 HIV-uninfected) with initial respiratory sample Ct-value &lt; 30, median time of shedding at high SARS-CoV-2 viral load was 8 days (IQR 4–17). This was significantly longer in PLHIV with CD4 count &lt; 200 cells/µL, compared to HIV-uninfected persons (median 27 days [IQR 8–43] vs 7 days [IQR 4–13]; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] .07–.28, P &lt; .001), as well as in unsuppressed-HIV versus HIV-uninfected persons.

Conclusions
Although SARS-CoV-2 shedding duration did not differ significantly by HIV infection, among a subset with high initial SARS-CoV-2 viral loads, immunocompromised PLHIV shed SARS-CoV-2 at high viral loads for longer than HIV-uninfected persons. Better HIV control may potentially decrease transmission time of SARS-CoV-2.
Dependent financialisation and its crisis: the case of Turkey
Authors: Akçay Ümit , Güngen Ali Rıza 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Although the financialisation research agenda has developed rapidly, especially since the Great Recession, there are still some gaps in the literature regarding Emerging Capitalist Countries’ (ECCs) financialisation experiences. We argue that the concept of dependent financialisation applies more appropriately to ECCs, in line with a recently burgeoning heterodox literature on ECC financialisation. More specifically, we suggest that a critical rethinking of the Dependency School’s arguments in the light of the current uneven and combined financialisation experiences of ECCs will generate a better structured theoretical framework. To support this, we take Turkey’s financialisation experience and its 2018–19 crisis as a case study. We suggest that dependent financialisation in Turkey can be grasped in terms of the emergence of an economic structure with two specific characteristics: (i) it has structurally higher interest rates and a high dollarisation rate due to Turkey’s mode of integration into the hierarchical global financial system; (ii) economic activity increasingly depends on capital inflows, which make the country’s economy vulnerable to the negative effects of the monetary policy decisions of major central banks. Finally, we argue that recurrent crises are the manifestations of the limits of dependent financialisation, which generates an unsustainable mode of integration to the global economy.
Not in a Class of One’s Own: Social Origin Differentials in Applying to Gender-(A)Typical Fields of Study across the Educational Hierarchy
Authors: Prix Irene , Kilpi-Jakonen Elina 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
How and why does social origin matter for gender-segregated field of study choices? Analyses of gender-(a)typical educational interests have framed social origin differentials primarily through the lens of socialization, resting on the idea that children from socioeconomically advantaged families develop less gender-stereotypical interests via more egalitarian notions of gender roles. The social stratification literature, on the other hand, has discussed social gradients in field of study choice mainly from a perspective of social mobility and life chance risks, while remaining fairly detached from questions of gender segregation. Our aim in this article is to shed new light on how social inequality may be of consequence for gender-(a)typical interests in fields of study. Comparing register-based application patterns of a complete Finnish birth cohort (1989–1991) across three levels in the educational hierarchy, our results show that the same social origin may either lower or increase the probability of applying to gender-(a)typical fields, depending both on the educational level targeted and applicants’ gender. This context-dependency calls into question a strongly culturally framed interpretation of social origin gradients in gender-(a)typical interests. We conclude that social mobility prospects may align in a more nuanced and pragmatic way with gendered interests than previously suggested.
Endothelial cell-derived tetrahydrobiopterin prevents aortic valve calcification
Authors: Liu Zongtao , Dong Nianguo , Hui Haipeng , Wang Yixuan , Liu Fayun , Xu Li , Liu Ming , Rao Zhenqi , Yuan Zhen , Shang Yuqiang , Feng Jun , Cai Zhejun , Li Fei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a critical determinant of the biological function of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. The present study was to investigate the role of valvular endothelial cell (VEC)-derived BH4 in aortic valve calcification.

Methods and results
Plasma and aortic valve BH4 concentrations and the BH4:BH2 ratio were significantly lower in calcific aortic valve disease patients than in controls. There was a significant decrease of the two key enzymes of BH4 biosynthesis, guanosine 5′-triphosphate cyclohydrolase I (GCH1) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), in calcified aortic valves compared with the normal ones. Endothelial cell-specific deficiency of Gch1 in Apoe −/− (Apoe −/− Gch1 fl/fl Tie2 Cre) mice showed a marked increase in transvalvular peak jet velocity, calcium deposition, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), dihydroethidium (DHE), and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels in aortic valve leaflets compared with Apoe −/− Gch1 fl/fl mice after a 24-week western diet (WD) challenge. Oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) induced osteoblastic differentiation of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) co-cultured with either si-GCH1- or si-DHFR-transfected VECs, while the effects could be abolished by BH4 supplementation. Deficiency of BH4 in VECs caused peroxynitrite formation increase and 3-NT protein increase under ox-LDL stimulation in VICs. SIN-1, the peroxynitrite generator, significantly up-regulated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Runx2 expression in VICs via tyrosine nitration of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) at Y628. Finally, folic acid (FA) significantly attenuated aortic valve calcification in WD-fed Apoe −/− mice through increasing DHFR and salvaging BH4 biosynthesis.

Conclusion
The reduction in endothelial-dependent BH4 levels promoted peroxynitrite formation, which subsequently resulted in DRP1 tyrosine nitration and osteoblastic differentiation of VICs, thereby leading to aortic valve calcification. Supplementation of FA in diet attenuated hypercholesterolaemia-induced aortic valve calcification by salvaging BH4 bioavailability.
Long-term clinical impact of permanent pacemaker implantation in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zito Andrea , Princi Giuseppe , Lombardi Marco , D’Amario Domenico , Vergallo Rocco , Aurigemma Cristina , Romagnoli Enrico , Pelargonio Gemma , Bruno Piergiorgio , Trani Carlo , Burzotta Francesco , Crea Filippo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
The aims of this study is to assess by an updated meta-analysis the clinical outcomes related to permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) at long-term (≥12 months) follow-up (LTF).

Methods and results
A comprehensive literature research was performed on PubMed and EMBASE. The primary endpoint was all-cause death. Secondary endpoints were rehospitalization for heart failure, stroke, and myocardial infarction. A subgroup analysis was performed according to the Society of Thoracic Surgeon—Predicted Risk of Mortality (STS-PROM) score. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021243301). A total of 51 069 patients undergoing TAVI from 31 observational studies were included. The mean duration of follow-up was 22 months. At LTF, PPI post-TAVI was associated with a higher risk of all-cause death [risk ratio (RR) 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.25; P &lt; 0.001] and rehospitalization for heart failure (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.13–1.52; P &lt; 0.001). In contrast, the risks of stroke and myocardial infarction were not affected. Among the 20 studies that reported procedural risk, the association between PPI and all-cause death risk at LTF was statistically significant only in studies enrolling patients with high STS-PROM score (RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.12–1.40), although there was a similar tendency of the results in those at medium and low risk.

Conclusion
Patients necessitating PPI after TAVI have a higher long-term risk of all-cause death and rehospitalization for heart failure as compared to those who do not receive PPI.
Budget impact analysis of a machine learning algorithm to predict high risk of atrial fibrillation among primary care patients
Authors: Szymanski Tomasz , Ashton Rachel , Sekelj Sara , Petrungaro Bruno , Pollock Kevin G , Sandler Belinda , Lister Steven , Hill Nathan R , Farooqui Usman 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
We investigated whether the use of an atrial fibrillation (AF) risk prediction algorithm could improve AF detection compared with opportunistic screening in primary care and assessed the associated budget impact.

Methods and results
Eligible patients were registered with a general practice in UK, aged 65 years or older in 2018/19, and had complete data for weight, height, body mass index, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure recorded within 1 year. Three screening scenarios were assessed: (i) opportunistic screening and diagnosis (standard care); (ii) standard care replaced by the use of the algorithm; and (iii) combined use of standard care and the algorithm. The analysis considered a 3-year time horizon, and the budget impact for the National Health Service (NHS) costs alone or with personal social services (PSS) costs. Scenario 1 would identify 79 410 new AF cases (detection gap reduced by 22%). Scenario 2 would identify 70 916 (gap reduced by 19%) and Scenario 3 would identify 99 267 new cases (gap reduction 27%). These rates translate into 2639 strokes being prevented in Scenario 1, 2357 in Scenario 2, and 3299 in Scenario 3. The 3-year NHS budget impact of Scenario 1 would be £45.3 million, £3.6 million (difference ‒92.0%) with Scenario 2, and £46.3 million (difference 2.2%) in Scenario 3, but for NHS plus PSS would be ‒£48.8 million, ‒£80.4 million (64.8%), and ‒£71.3 million (46.1%), respectively.

Conclusion
Implementation of an AF risk prediction algorithm alongside standard opportunistic screening could close the AF detection gap and prevent strokes while substantially reducing NHS and PSS combined care costs.
LED color gradient as a new screening tool for rapid phenotyping of plant responses to light quality
Authors: Lejeune Pierre , Fratamico Anthony , Bouché Frédéric , Huerga-Fernández Samuel , Tocquin Pierre , Périlleux Claire 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
The increasing demand for local food production is fueling high interest in the development of controlled environment agriculture. In particular, LED technology brings energy-saving advantages together with the possibility of manipulating plant phenotypes through light quality control. However, optimizing light quality is required for each cultivated plant and specific purpose.

Findings
This article shows that the combination of LED gradient set-ups with imaging-based non-destructive plant phenotyping constitutes an interesting new screening tool with the potential to improve speed, logistics, and information output. To validate this concept, an experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of a complete range of red:blue ratios on 7 plant species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brachypodium distachyon, Euphorbia peplus, Ocimum basilicum, Oryza sativa, Solanum lycopersicum, and Setaria viridis. Plants were exposed during 30 days to the light gradient and showed significant, but species-dependent, responses in terms of dimension, shape, and color. A time-series analysis of phenotypic descriptors highlighted growth changes but also transient responses of plant shapes to the red:blue ratio.

Conclusion
This approach, which generated a large reusable dataset, can be adapted for addressing specific needs in crop production or fundamental questions in photobiology.
Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction and an organizational health intervention on Dutch teachers’ mental health
Authors: Janssen Math , Heerkens Yvonne , Van der Heijden Beatrice , Korzilius Hubert , Peters Pascale , Engels Josephine 
Published: January 2022

Summary
This study aimed to test the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) combined with an organizational health intervention. A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in five Dutch secondary vocational schools. Teachers were assigned to Intervention Group 1 (IG1; MBSR) or 2 (IG2; MBSR and an organizational health intervention), or to the Waiting List Group. The primary outcome variable was mindfulness. Secondary outcomes included other mental health outcomes, work performance, personal competencies, and work-related perceptions. Data was collected before (T0), immediately after (T1), and three (T2) and nine months (T3) after the MBSR training and analyzed applying repeated measures between-subjects designs. As the additional intervention showed no effects, IG1 and IG2 were merged (IG). MBSR had positive short-term effects on the total mindfulness score, its dimensions ‘observing’ and ‘non-reactivity’, and the work engagement dimension ‘dedication’. Long-term effects were found for the total mindfulness score, its dimensions ‘observing’, ‘non-reactivity’, and ‘non-judging’, sleep quality complaints, negative emotions, and negative work–home interaction. IG displayed a larger short- and long-term decrease in organizational commitment. No significant differences were found for work performance, personal competencies, and work-related perceptions. Although teachers did not perceive a decrease in job demands after the training, they felt more mindful and lowered their organizational commitment. Their mental health improved and their dedication during work increased. These findings may suggest that enhanced mindfulness enabled them to mentally disengage from work during their leisure time, which allowed them to experience fewer symptoms of psychological strain. The trail is registered with the Dutch Trial Register (www.trialregister.nl): NL5581 (July 2016).
The prevalence, risk of premature births, mortality and causes of death of cleft lip with or without palate in South Korea: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Ryu Jeong Yeop , Park Tae Hyun , Cho Byung Chae , Choi Kang Young 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundVery few recent nationwide studies have assessed the epidemiology of cleft lip with or without palate (CL/P). The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence, risk of premature births, mortality and cause of death of CL/P.MethodsThis nationwide population-based cohort study evaluated all 5 747 830 live births in South Korea, including CL/P infants, from 2006 to 2018. The prevalence with trend analysis, risk of premature births, mortality and cause of death of CL/P with or without associated syndromes (non-syndromic, syndromic CL/P) and subgroups (cleft lip only, cleft palate only, cleft lip with palate) were evaluated.ResultsAmong 5 747 830 live births, 11 284 children were identified as having CL/P during the study period. The annual prevalence was 1.96 per 1000 births. The prevalence ratio, which shows the trend during the period, was 1.021. Both non-syndromic and syndromic CL/P children had higher risk of premature births compared with children without CL/P (odds ratio: non-syndromic 1.43, syndromic 5.29). The mortality rates per 1000 person-years were 0.39 for children without CL/P, 0.98 for non-syndromic CL/P children and 12.20 for syndromic CL/P children. The causes of deaths were not different for children without CL/P in non-syndromic CL/P, but the most common cause of deaths was cardiovascular anomalies in syndromic CL/P.ConclusionThe reported prevalence of 1.96 per 1000 births is one of the highest prevalences worldwide. CL/P children had high risks of premature births and risk of mortality. The most common cause of deaths was cardiovascular anomalies.
Inverse DEA-R models for merger analysis with negative data
Authors: Soltanifar Mehdi , Ghiyasi Mojtaba , Sharafi Hamid 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a mathematical programming technique for efficiency analysis. For dealing with the data in ratio form, the DEA model for ratio data known as DEA-R exists in the literature. However, some ratio data like financial risk may be negative naturally. In this paper, we contribute to the literature in two ways. In the first place, we deal with DEA-R models in the presence of negative ratio data by proposing an inverse DEA model for merger analysis. In the second place, we develop DEA-R models for merger analysis that can deal with negative data. We apply our models in a real-world application of efficiency and merger analysis of an Iranian bank with 66 branches. The proposed models maintain data confidentiality. This motivates managers to participate in the evaluation and merger process. Our models also provide a reasonable endogenous weight restriction framework without restricting weights exogenously.
Safety of the use of gold nanoparticles conjugated with proinsulin peptide and administered by hollow microneedles as an immunotherapy in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Tatovic D , McAteer M A , Barry J , Barrientos A , Rodríguez Terradillos K , Perera I , Kochba E , Levin Y , Dul M , Coulman S A , Birchall J C , von Ruhland C , Howell A , Stenson R , Alhadj Ali M , Luzio S D , Dunseath G , Cheung W Y , Holland G , May K , Ingram J R , Chowdhury M M U , Wong F S , Casas R , Dayan C , Ludvigsson J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Antigen-specific immunotherapy is an immunomodulatory strategy for autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, in which patients are treated with autoantigens to promote immune tolerance, stop autoimmune β-cell destruction and prevent permanent dependence on exogenous insulin. In this study, human proinsulin peptide C19-A3 (known for its positive safety profile) was conjugated to ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (GNPs), an attractive drug delivery platform due to the potential anti-inflammatory properties of gold. We hypothesised that microneedle intradermal delivery of C19-A3 GNP may improve peptide pharmacokinetics and induce tolerogenic immunomodulation and proceeded to evaluate its safety and feasibility in a first-in-human trial. Allowing for the limitation of the small number of participants, intradermal administration of C19-A3 GNP appears safe and well tolerated in participants with type 1 diabetes. The associated prolonged skin retention of C19-A3 GNP after intradermal administration offers a number of possibilities to enhance its tolerogenic potential, which should be explored in future studies