bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macroporous Silica Foams Fabricated via Soft Colloid Templating
Authors: Bergman Maxime J. , García‐Astrain Clara , Fuchs Nathan , Manne Kalpana , Yazhgur Pavel , Froufe‐Pérez Luis S. , Liz‐Marzán Luis M. , Scheffold Frank 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMacroporous materials with controlled pore sizes are of high scientific and technological interest, due to their low specific weight, as well as unique acoustic, thermal, or optical properties. Solid foams made of titania, silica, or silicon, as representative materials, have been previously obtained with several hundred nanometer pore sizes, by using sacrificial templates such as spherical emulsion droplets or colloidal particles. Macroporous structures in particular are excellent candidates as photonic materials with applications in structural coloration and photonic bandgap devices. However, whereas using spherical building blocks as templates may provide tight control over pore shape and size, it results in materials with an often unfavorable local topology. Templating dry‐foam or compressed‐emulsion structures appear as attractive alternatives, but have not been demonstrated so far for submicron pore sizes. Herein, the use of soft, flexible microgel colloids decorated with silica nanoparticles as templates of macroporous foams is reported. These purposely synthesized core–shell colloids are assembled at ultra‐high effective volume fractions by centrifuging and thermal swelling, thereby resulting in uniform disordered materials with facetted pores, mimicking dry foams. After removal of the polymer component via calcination, lightweight pure silica structures are obtained with a well‐defined cellular or network topology.
Cross: A generic framework for system integration and its adaption in hospitals
Authors: Sun Wen‐Lin , Huang Yu‐Lun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAdvances in healthcare systems require faster data transmission between medical instruments and hospital information systems (HISs) and cloud migration for better computing capability and scalability. Old medical instruments should be integrated with modern HISs to provide real‐time examination service to patients. Still, such integration carries some problems, especially when novel services are involved, such as real‐time fall detection and mobile healthcare. Some hospitals have formulated standard operating procedures (SOPs) in response, requiring the electronic health record generated by an old instrument to be manually converted and uploaded to the HIS by medical personnel. However, such SOPs may compromise the real‐time performance and increase medical personnel workload and complexity. Thus, this article proposes a framework named Cross, which comprises an embedded bridging module, CrossBridger, and a server‐side software program, CrossServer, to integrate old instruments into a modern HIS using an edge computing paradigm. With Cross, users can solve system integration problems and deploy more protective strategies in existing HISs to fulfill the demands of novel services relatively cheaply. Based on the proposed framework, we implement a solution that can automate most existing SOPs and lighten the workload of medical personnel so that they can provide better care and service to patients. We summarize the practical experience of the implementation based on the solution. As a case study, we deploy the implementation to a real‐world hospital to demonstrate the feasibility of Cross. Furthermore, we evaluate Cross's efficacy under various network statuses in three experiments.
The risks brought by blockchain applications to the safe operation of power grids
Authors: Cai Baorui , Zhang Bin , He Jinding , Zhang Rongkui , Yan Wenlin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe continuous progress of science and technology has promoted the rapid development of information technology and Internet technology. In this context, the blockchain came into being and became an important part of information technology, representing that the information age has entered a new stage of development. This article aims to study the risk analysis of the application of blockchain to the safe operation of the power grid. This paper studies the general situation of the development of blockchain technology and the development of China's power grid. In the method part, it also introduces the improvement of the analytic hierarchy process, historical vulnerability measurement (HVM) and HVM to analyze the security of the power grid. Finally, the risks brought by the application of blockchain to the safe operation of the power grid are introduced, and effective suggestions are given to ensure the safe operation of the power grid. We also conducted a satisfaction survey on the blockchain. From the results of the survey, it can be concluded that everyone's satisfaction with the intelligentization of the blockchain reached 91%.
Generic reversed‐phase ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography methodology developed by using computer‐assisted modeling for streamlined performance evaluation of a wide range of stationary phase columns
Authors: Ahmad Imad A. Haidar , Losacco Gioacchino Luca , Figus Margaret , Korani Deepa , Gunsch Matthew J. , Lhotka Hayley R. , Hullen Kari , Hartman Robert , Lohani Sachin , Hamilton Simon , Mangion Ian , Regalado Erik L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSelection of column and mobile phase eluent/buffer is a crucial step in chromatographic method development. The introduction of new column technologies requires a continuous performance evaluation enabling the deployment of improved chromatographic screening workflows. Consequently, the development of a universal method that could be used across different column chemistries and mobile phase pH ranges would be highlighted as advantageous. Herein, we introduce a single generic probe developed via software‐based modeling that delivers excellent results for the separation of a standard multicomponent mixture across a wide range of stationary phases under different pH and temperature conditions. This approach has been applied to interrogate the performance and stability of multiple columns (C18, Cyano, Phenyl Hexyl, PFP, Polar‐embeded, and other stationary phases) using an automated ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography screening system illustrating its practicality and effectiveness.
Development of a validated liquid chromatography–diode array detection method for simultaneous determination of olanzapine and fluoxetine in their combined formulation: Application to greenness assessment
Authors: Panda Sagar Suman , Behera Aswini Kumar , Bera Ravi Kumar Venkata Varaha , Jammula Sruti 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOlanzapine and fluoxetine hydrochloride are two promising drugs recommended for use in combination to treat bipolar psychotic disorders. In the present study, a green liquid chromatographic method is reported for simultaneous quantification of the said combination by employing analytical eco‐scale principles. The penalty point scoring process revealed an excellent greener nature of the current method than the reported methods. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C‐18 column employing methanol and phosphate buffer of pH 3.5 as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and detected at 227 nm. Both the analytes were separated with resolution > 2.0. Method validation revealed apt linearity (r2 = 0.999), accuracy (> 99%), and precision (overall % relative standard deviation < 1%) for quantification of the analytes. The limits of detection and quantitation were compliant as per study intent. Further, a systematized chemometrics approach using risk assessment and design of experiments revealed the influence of critical method variables on the method's robustness. Optimum system suitability and assay results confirmed selectivity and revealed the specific nature of the method. Overall, a robust and greener analytical method is established for the routine simultaneous quantification of the two antipsychotics in their combined tablet dosage form.
Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Saliva Digestion of Enzymatically Modified Octenylsuccinate Starch‐Methol Inclusion Complex
Authors: Chen Xingyu , Hu Zhongshan , Wang Kai , Chen Da , Feng Tao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMenthol is a well‐known antibacterial, anticancer, and cooling agent, but its low water solubility, poor stability, and high volatility have limited its applications. In the present study, octenyl succinate starches (OSAS) are hydrolyzed using pullulanase to acquire glucans with different molecular weights and substitution degrees. They are used to encapsulate menthol by formation of inclusion complexes (Enzymatically hydrolyzed OSA Starch complex with Menthol [E‐OSAS‐MEN]). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows the inclusion complexes have higher thermal stability than those of glucans. The smaller the particle size and polydispersity index of the menthol inclusion complexes, the larger the absolute value of the zeta potential. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry shows that E40‐OSAS‐MEN possesses the highest encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of all inclusion complexes. The inclusion complex is stable against pH and temperature (4°C–100°C), and the released menthol in inclusion complexes ranges from 5% to 25%. The inclusion complex is released faster in simulated saliva containing α‐amylase, and menthol is completely released 5 h after enzymolysis. In contrast, only 18% of menthol is released in the absence of α‐amylase in simulated saliva. The present study provides valuable information as a guidance to develop chewing gums for controlled release of menthols.
Feasibility Study of Starch‐Based Biomass Incorporated 3D Printed Beef
Authors: Liu Peng , Dang Xugang , Woo Meng Wai , Chattha Sadaqat Ali , An Jingxian , Shan Zhihua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFood additives are one of the essential components in 3D food printing, which can be used to improve the processability performance of printed foods. In this study, five types of soluble starch‐based additives (Soluble starch (Ss), gelatinized soluble starch, gelatinized starch powder, oxidized starch powder (OSp), oxidized starch‐gelatin powder (OS‐Gp)) are added to ground beef in order to enhance its flowability during the extrusion process and improve the quality of 3D printed products. Beef products are made with 1% formulation for each starch‐based additives and are compared with control (no additives) samples. All additives enhance the cooking yield of samples significantly. Among all treatments, diameter reduction is not significant compared to the control except for the addition of gelatinized Ss and OS‐GP. The addition of starch‐based additives results in significant changes in the texture of the samples, with most of the hardness, chewiness, and viscosity decreasing. Treatment of starch‐based additives brings a lighter color to the samples except for the addition of OSp, and all the additives reduce the redness and yellowness value significantly.
Evaluating the strength of grade 10.9 bolts subject to multiaxial loading using the micromechanical failure index: MCEPS
Authors: Xin Haohui , Li Jie , Veljkovic Milan , Liu Yuqing , Sun Qing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBolted joints in steel structures are generally subject to combined actions. The research on ultimate capacity of bolted joints under combined tension and shear actions, twin shear actions, and combined tension‐twin shear actions is relatively limited. The aim of this paper is to calibrate the fracture locus of grade 10.9 bolts using the mesoscale critical equivalent plastic strain (MCEPS). We use ductile fracture simulation to numerically evaluate the ultimate resistance of bolts subject to multiaxial loading and compare the results with the current design standards. The results show that predictions for grade 10.9 bolts subject to multiaxial loading in Chinese code GB 50017 and American code AISC‐360 are not on the safe side, while predictions in European code EN1993‐1‐8:2005 are slightly on the conservative side. We propose two modification factors to improve prediction of bolt strength subject to multiaxial loading; namely the multiaxial loading factor for shear resistance ξv and the multiaxial loading factor for tensile resistance ξt.
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants: 72
Authors: Applequist Wendy L. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThe following five generic names are recommended for conservation: Bulbostylis against Nemum, Lorinseria C. Presl against Lorinsera Opiz, Pirea Vavrdová against Pirea T. Durand, Selaginella against Didiclis, and Senega against Senegaria, Anthallogea, Corymbula, Leptrochia, Pylostachya, and Sexilia. The following two generic names are not recommended for conservation because the proposed action is considered to be unnecessary: Hoodia against “Monothylaceum” and Chiropetalum against Desfontaena. The subgeneric name Littorella subg. Xamotris is recommended for rejection. The following 16 species names are recommended for conservation: Allium rotundum with conserved type, Arctotis calendula against A. tristis, Cereus eriophorus with conserved type, Commelina erecta with conserved type, Costus globosus against C. roxburghii, Grewia asiatica with conserved type, Grewia tiliifolia against G. damine, Hedyotis pentandra Schumach. against H. pentandra (Retz.) Forsyth f., Lycopodium intermedium against L. atroviride, Polypodium parasiticum with conserved type, Scabiosa caucasica with conserved type and against S. caucasea, Senecio peregrinus with conserved type, Senecio saluenensis with conserved type, Thymus glabrescens with conserved type and against T. odoratissimus, Veronica capitata Royle ex Benth. against V. capitata Fisch. ex Colla, and Veronica minuta C.A. Mey. against V. minuta Krock. The following four species names are not recommended for conservation: Citrosma schottiana against C. umbellata, Neuracanthus sphaerostachyus against N. lawii (because action is considered to be unnecessary), Ophioglossum parvifolium with conserved type, and Salix wallichiana against S. disperma. The following 11 species names are recommended for rejection: Arctotis ludwigii, Carex wazmanni, Limonium oleifolium, Littorella flexuosa, Littorella spicata, Poa amabilis, Poa virginica, Salsola caroliniana, Selaginella flagellifera, Solanum frutescens, and Tradescantia decora. The species name Potamogeton nerviger is not recommended for rejection. It is recommended that Scilla L. and Squilla Steinh. not be treated as homonyms. The Committee recommends against making a binding decision on whether Kalanchoe rosea and K. rosei, or Oxalis kuhlmannii and O. kollmannii, should be treated as homonyms, considering them not confusable. The Committee also recommends that Desfontainia Ruiz & Pav. and Desfontaena Vell. and Lorinsera Opiz and Lorinseria C. Presl be treated as homonyms.
The effectiveness of an integratedSTEMcurriculum unit on middle school students' life science learning
Authors: Anwar Saira , Menekse Muhsin , Guzey Selcen , Bryan Lynn A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecent calls for reform in K‐12 science education and the National Academy of Engineering's Grand Challenges for Engineering in the 21st Century emphasize improving science teaching, students' engagement, and learning. In this study, we designed and implemented a curriculum unit for sixth‐grade students (i = 1305). The curriculum unit integrated science and engineering content and practices to teach ecology, water pollution, and engineering design. We investigated the designed integrated STEM unit's effectiveness in students' science learning outcomes on pre‐, post‐, and delayed post‐assessments. We collected pre‐and post‐assessment data of students' science learning outcomes for both the baseline group (taught via existing district‐adopted curriculum) and an intervention group (taught with integrated life science and engineering curriculum). We used a quasi‐experimental research design and examined differences between baseline and intervention groups. We used ANCOVA to explore differences in students' learning in baseline and intervention groups. Furthermore, for students in the intervention group, we conducted repeated‐measures ANOVA to investigate knowledge retention. Our analyses also accounted for students' gender and People of Color (POC) status. We conducted multiple regression analyses to explore the relationship between students' gender, POC status, and their learning outcomes. The results indicated that the intervention group students performed significantly better than the students in the baseline group. The repeated measures ANOVA showed that students in the intervention group retained science knowledge after 8 weeks of instruction. Finally, the regression analysis for the baseline group showed that gender and POC status were not significant predictors of their post‐assessment scores. However, POC status was a significant predictor of post‐assessment scores and knowledge retention for the intervention group. Overall, this study provides valuable findings on how an integrated STEM curriculum designed with engineering design and practices improves students' science learning outcomes.
Phytase expressed from Saccharomyces pombe ameliorates footpad lesions in cage‐reared broiler chicks
Authors: Dang De Xin , Chun Seong Guk , Kim In Ho 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground/aimThe condition of footpad is an important aspect of poultry welfare. This is a problem that plagues the poultry industry because it occurs whether birds are reared in the cage or on the floor. It is reported that feeding phytase to floor‐reared broiler chicks could ameliorate footpad lesions, which is related to the reduction of litter moisture. However, some studies reported that phytase supplementation could ameliorate footpad lesions, but did not affect litter quality. Therefore, phytase supplementation may have other potential mechanisms to improve the footpad lesions. Cage‐reared broiler chicks were used in this study because they had no access to litter.Material and methodsA total of 234 1‐day‐old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to three groups based on the initial body weight (42.22 ± 0.18 g) with six replicate cages and 13 birds (mixed sex) per cage. The experimental period was 45 days. Dietary treatments were based on a corn–soybean meal‐basal diet and supplemented with 500 and 750 FTU/kg Saccharomyces pombe expressed phytase. The unit of phytase (FTU) was defined as the amount of enzyme that catalyzes the release of one micromole phosphate from phytate per minute at 37°C and pH 5.5.Result and conclusionWe found that dietary supplementation of S. pombe expressed phytase could improve calcium and phosphorus digestibility and subsequent improvement in toe ash, thus ameliorating footpad lesions in broiler chicks with no access to litter.
Epidemiology and molecular detection ofAnaplasmaspp. in goats from Chattogram district, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Mizanur , Faruque Md. Rayhan , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Chowdhury Mohammed Yousuf Elahi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesAnaplasmosis is an economically important disease affecting cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat etc. The study was conducted to determine the prevalence, potential risk factors and molecular identification of circulatingAnaplasmaspp. in goats in Chattogram district, Bangladesh.Material and methodsFour hundred blood samples were collected from goats of different ages, breeds, sex, coat color and body condition. These goats were selected based on some inclusion criteria through the period of July 2017 to June 2018. Samples were examined microscopically (Giemsa staining method) followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing to identify ofAnaplasmaspp.ResultsThe overall prevalences were estimated 5.75% (23/400) and 15.75% (63/400) by microscopy and PCR, respectively.Anaplasma ovis (A. ovis) andAnaplasma marginale(A. marginale) were identified with the prevalence of 14.75% (59/400) and 1.0% (4/400), respectively through PCR. Among different risk factors, jamnapari breed (p= 0.027), no use of acaricide (p= 0.025) and presence of tick (p< 0.01) were found to be significantly associated with anaplasmosis. Sequence analysis of msp4 gene revealed that,Anaplasmaspp. detected in the present study were highly similar with those of China, Venezuela, Mongolia, Spain, Tunisia, Cyprus, Italy, Brazil, Argentina, Australia, Japan and Columbia.ConclusionsIn conclusion, strategic use of acaricide can control tick that ultimately will control the anaplasmosis in goats. Besides, rearing local goats in compare to cross and exotic breed are also recommended for the farmer to prevent the disease.
Tree level integrability in 2d quantum field theories and affine Toda models
Authors: Dorey Patrick , Polvara Davide 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We investigate the perturbative integrability of massive (1+1)-dimensional bosonic quantum field theories, focusing on the conditions for them to have a purely elastic S-matrix, with no particle production and diagonal scattering, at tree level. For theories satisfying what we call ‘simply-laced scattering conditions’, by which we mean that poles in inelastic 2 to 2 processes cancel in pairs, and poles in allowed processes are only due to one on-shell propagating particle at a time, the requirement that all inelastic amplitudes must vanish is shown to imply the so-called area rule, connecting the 3-point couplings $$ {C}_{abc}^{(3)} $$

C
abc

3

to the masses ma, mb, mc of the coupled particles in a universal way. We prove that the constraints we find are universally satisfied by all affine Toda theories, connecting pole cancellations in amplitudes to properties of the underlying root systems, and develop a number of tools that we expect will be relevant for the study of loop amplitudes.
Subleading Weingartens
Authors: Stanford Douglas , Yang Zhenbin , Yao Shunyu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Haar integrals over the unitary group contain subleading terms that are needed for unitarity. We study analogous effects in the time evolution operators of JT gravity and Brownian SYK. In JT gravity with bulk matter we find an explanation for the first sub-leading terms, and in Brownian SYK we find configurations that can explain the full series. An important role is played by slightly off-shell modes that are exponentially amplified by chaos.