bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between reported work in cold environments and stroke occurrence in the CONSTANCES cohort: a prospective study
Authors: Fadel Marc , Sembajwe Grace , Tripodi Dominique , Bonneterre Vincent , Leclerc Annette , Roquelaure Yves , Petit Audrey , Descatha Alexis 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveCold environments are a potential risk factor for stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between performing work tasks in cold environments and the occurrence of a first stroke event.MethodsFrom the French population-based cohort CONSTANCES (‘Cohorte des consultants des Centres d'examens de santé’ in French), we collected data from baseline questionnaires along with medical interviews on cardiovascular risk factors and reported exposure to cold temperatures (<10°C) at work. Exposures were categorised as rare (<2 hours/day), often (≥2 and <4 hours/day) and almost always (≥4 hours/day). Incidence of stroke was retrieved from the French National Health database. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between working in cold environments and the incidence of stroke. Stratified analyses on stroke types were also conducted.ResultsThere were 160 782 participants and 224 strokes (168 ischaemic and 76 haemorrhagic) included in our study. No significant increase in stroke was found for working in cold environments; the adjusted OR for often or almost always exposed was 1.14 (95% CI 0.46 to 2.84).ConclusionsThis study did not reveal a significant excess risk of stroke for occupational exposures to low temperatures. Further studies are needed to better assess the effect of preventive measures and very low temperature on occurrence of cardiovascular diseases.
Development and validation of the age-associated dementia policy (AgeD-Pol) computer simulation model in the USA and Europe
Authors: Hyle Emily P , Foote Julia H A , Shebl Fatma M , Qian Yiqi , Reddy Krishna P , Mukerji Shibani S , Wattananimitgul Nattanicha , Viswanathan Anand , Schwamm Lee H , Pandya Ankur , Freedberg Kenneth A 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo develop and validate a novel, microsimulation model that accounts for the prevalence and incidence of age-associated dementias (AAD), disease progression and associated mortality.Design, data sources and outcome measuresWe developed the AAD policy (AgeD-Pol) model, a microsimulation model to simulate the natural history, morbidity and mortality associated with AAD. We populated the model with age-stratified and sex-stratified data on AAD prevalence, AAD incidence and mortality among people with AAD. We first performed internal validation using data from the Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) cohort study. We then performed external validation of the model using data from the Framingham Heart Study, the Rotterdam Study and Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC). We compared model-projected AAD cumulative incidence and mortality with published cohort data using mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root-mean-square error (RMSE).ResultsIn internal validation, the AgeD-Pol model provided a good fit to the ACT cohort for cumulative AAD incidence, 10.4% (MAPE, 0.2%) and survival, 66.5% (MAPE, 8.8%), after 16 years of follow-up among those initially aged 65–69 years. In the external validations, the model-projected lifetime cumulative incidence of AAD was 30.5%–32.4% (females) and 16.7%–23.0% (males), using data from the Framingham and Rotterdam cohorts, and AAD cumulative incidence was 21.5% over 14 years using KPNC data. Model projections demonstrated a good fit to all three cohorts (MAPE, 0.9%–9.0%). Similarly, model-projected survival provided good fit to the Rotterdam (RMSE, 1.9–3.6 among those with and without AAD) and KPNC cohorts (RMSE, 7.6–18.0 among those with AAD).ConclusionsThe AgeD-Pol model performed well when validated to published data for AAD cumulative incidence and mortality and provides a useful tool to project the AAD disease burden for health systems planning in the USA.
Correlates of late initiation and underutilisation of the recommended eight or more antenatal care visits among women of reproductive age: insights from the 2019 Ghana Malaria Indicator Survey
Authors: Anaba Emmanuel Anongeba , Afaya Agani 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThis study assessed the correlates of late initiation and underutilisation of the WHO’s recommended eight or more antenatal care visits among women in Ghana.DesignWe analysed secondary data from 2163 women in the 2019 Ghana Malaria Indicator Survey, which collected data on malaria and antenatal care indicators among women of reproductive age across the previous 10 regions of Ghana.Setting and participantsWomen of reproductive age across the 10 regions of Ghana.Main outcome measuresLate initiation and underutilisation of the recommended eight or more antenatal care visits among women of reproductive age.ResultsAbout half (49%) of the participants were between the ages of 25 and 34 years; mean (±SD)=30 (±7.10). The majority (57%) of the participants obtained less than eight antenatal care visits, while 32% initiated antenatal care visits after the first trimester. The significant factors associated with the late initiation of antenatal care visits were age, region and parity (p<0.05). Factors associated with underutilisation of the recommended eight or more antenatal care visits were marital status, wealth index, parity, region and place of residence (p<0.05).ConclusionA majority of the women underused antenatal care services. A significant minority of the women started antenatal care visits late. Socio-demographic factors, parity and socioeconomic factors were identified as the significant factors associated with the late initiation and underutilisation of antenatal care services. Maternal health interventions should prioritise young, multiparous and poor women.
Resurgence of blackwater fever among children in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Paasi George , Ndila Carolyne , Alaroker Florence , Abeso Julian , Asiimwe Glorias , Okello Francis , Olupot-Olupot Peter 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionBlackwater fever (BWF), a complication of malaria, has in the past been considered as a rare complication of malaria in children living in high transmission settings. More recently, however, a growing number of paediatric clusters of BWF cases have been reported predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The aim of this study is to map evidence on BWF among children in SSA from 1 January 1960 to 31 December 2021.Methods and analysisThis review will be guided by Arksey and O’ Malley’s methodological framework for scoping reviews with methodological refinements by Levac et al and will comply with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews’ guidelines. Five electronic databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and PsycINFO) will be systematically searched using predefined keywords. In addition, reference lists of included articles will be searched. Our multidisciplinary team has formulated search strategies and two reviewers will independently complete study eligibility screening, final selection and data extraction. A third reviewer will adjudicate the final decision on disputed articles. Bibliographic data and abstract content will be collected and analysed using a data-charting tool developed iteratively by the research team.Ethics and disseminationThis scoping review being a secondary analysis does not require ethics approval. We anticipate results of this review will broaden understanding of paediatric BWF in SSA and identify its research gaps in SSA. We will be disseminating results through journals and conferences targeting primary care providers.
Association of outpatient use of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockers on outcomes of acute respiratory illness during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cohort study
Authors: Jeffery Molly Moore , Oliveira J e Silva Lucas , Bellolio Fernanda , Garovic Vesna D , Dempsey Timothy M , Limper Andrew , Cummins Nathan W 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesEvaluate the associations between patients taking ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and their clinical outcomes after an acute viral respiratory illness (AVRI) due to COVID-19.DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingThe USA; 2017–2018 influenza season, 2018–2019 influenza season, and 2019–2020 influenza/COVID-19 season.ParticipantsPeople with hypertension (HTN) taking an ACEi, ARB or other HTN medications, and experiencing AVRI.Main outcome measuresChange in hospital admission, intensive care unit (ICU) or coronary care unit (CCU), acute respiratory distress (ARD), ARD syndrome (ARDS) and all-cause mortality, comparing COVID-19 to pre-COVID-19 influenza seasons.ResultsThe cohort included 1 059 474 episodes of AVRI (653 797 filled an ACEi or ARB, and 405 677 other HTN medications). 58.6% were women and 72.9% with age ≥65. The ACEi/ARB cohort saw a larger increase in risk in the COVID-19 influenza season than the other HTN medication cohort for four out of five outcomes, with an additional 1.5 percentage point (pp) increase in risk of an inpatient stay (95% CI 1.2 to 1.9 pp) and of ICU/CCU use (95% CI 0.3 to 2.7 pp) as well as a 0.7 pp (0.1 to 1.2 pp) additional increase in risk of ARD and 0.9 pp (0.4 to 1.3 pp) additional increase in risk of ARDS. There was no statistically significant difference in the absolute risk of death (−0.2 pp, 95% CI −0.4 to 0.1 pp). However, the relative risk of death in 2019/2020 versus 2017/2018 for the ACEi/ARB group was larger (1.40 (1.36 to 1.44)) than for the other HTN medication cohort (1.24 (1.21 to 1.28)).ConclusionsPeople with AVRI using ACEi/ARBs for HTN had a greater increase in poor outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic than those using other medications to treat HTN. The small absolute magnitude of the differences likely does not support changes in clinical practice.
Improving referrals to community mental health services in the liaison setting
Authors: Loveday William Harry , Panagiotopoulou Lida , Dineva Darena , Pita Amelia Andrade , Eltuhamy Yousef , Sabir Aryan 
Published: July 2022

The East London Foundation Trust (ELFT) psychiatric liaison team (PLT) at Newham University Hospital (NUH) is responsible for referring adult patients they have reviewed, on to community mental health services on discharge where appropriate, and also to notify their existing team for follow-up on discharge when already under the care of a community service. This should then lead to appropriate ongoing management of the patient’s mental health needs in terms of continued support and assessment of risk, further assessment of mental state, titration of medications and prevention of further admissions.Following an ELFT incident review where it was noted that a patient was not referred to community services on discharge, a retrospective case note review was undertaken over an 11-month period to define the baseline efficacy of current referrals. Quality improvement (QI) methods were used to understand the issue, create a more robust process and measure the improvements made. We set up regular QI Project meetings and we used driver diagram, process mapping, PDSA cycles and run charts. The change ideas included moving from a white board based system to using Microsoft Excel, CRS millennium patient lists, Microsoft TEAMS and additional admin support. We studied the results for the following 14 months.The percentage of patients being appropriately referred in terms of timeliness and correct documentation increased from a run chart baseline of 35% to 88% during the project period, and the number of patients with some evidence of referral having been completed increased from 83% to 100%.The previous system used was ineffective in managing onward referrals for mental health patients from PLT. QI methods have allowed sustainable improvement in both the percentage of patients referred and those correctly documented, improving follow up and care for mental health patients who are admitted to NUH.
Period prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections and willingness to vaccinate in Swiss elite athletes
Authors: Schmid Michael Johannes , Örencik Merlin , Gojanovic Boris , Schmid Jürg , Conzelmann Achim 
Published: July 2022

Objectives(1) To assess the period prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections and willingness to vaccinate in Swiss elite athletes and (2) to evaluate whether sociodemographic and sport-related characteristics were associated with infection of SARS-CoV-2 in athletes.MethodsA total of 1037 elite athletes (Mage=27.09) were surveyed in this cross-sectional study. They were asked whether they had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 and whether they would like to be vaccinated. Characteristics of a possible COVID-19 illness were also recorded.ResultsDuring the first year of the pandemic, 14.6% of all Swiss elite athletes were found to be infected with SARS-CoV-2, and 5.4% suspected that they had been infected. Male athletes, young athletes and team sports athletes had an increased likelihood of being infected with SARS-CoV-2. There was considerable heterogeneity in the duration and severity of a COVID-19 illness in athletes. Overall, 68% of respondents indicated a willingness to be vaccinated if they were offered an opportunity to do so.ConclusionIn the first year of the pandemic, Swiss elite athletes were tested more often positive for SARS-CoV-2 than the general Swiss population. Because COVID-19 illness can impair health for a relatively long time, sports federations are advised to motivate athletes to be vaccinated.
Cognitive and neuropsychiatric effects of noradrenergic treatment in Alzheimer’s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: David Michael C B , Del Giovane Martina , Liu Kathy Y , Gostick Benjamin , Rowe James Benedict , Oboh Imafidon , Howard Robert , Malhotra Paresh A 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundDysfunction of the locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system occurs early in Alzheimer’s disease, contributing to cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms in some patients. This system offers a potential therapeutic target, although noradrenergic treatments are not currently used in clinical practice.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of drugs with principally noradrenergic action in improving cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease.MethodsThe MEDLINE, Embase and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched from 1980 to December 2021. We generated pooled estimates using random effects meta-analyses.ResultsWe included 19 randomised controlled trials (1811 patients), of which six were judged as ‘good’ quality, seven as ‘fair’ and six ‘poor’. Meta-analysis of 10 of these studies (1300 patients) showed a significant small positive effect of noradrenergic drugs on global cognition, measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination or Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale—Cognitive Subscale (standardised mean difference (SMD): 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.25, p=0.01; I2=0%). No significant effect was seen on measures of attention (SMD: 0.01, 95% CI: −0.17 to 0.19, p=0.91; I2=0). The apathy meta-analysis included eight trials (425 patients) and detected a large positive effect of noradrenergic drugs (SMD: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.73, p=0.002; I2=58%). This positive effect was still present following removal of outliers to account for heterogeneity across studies.DiscussionRepurposing of established noradrenergic drugs is most likely to offer effective treatment in Alzheimer’s disease for general cognition and apathy. However, several factors should be considered before designing future clinical trials. These include targeting of appropriate patient subgroups and understanding the dose effects of individual drugs and their interactions with other treatments to minimise risks and maximise therapeutic effects.PROSPERO registeration numberCRD42021277500.
Practical application of a mixed active and passive heat acclimation protocol in elite male Olympic team sport athletes
Authors: Fenemor S.P. , Driller M.W. , Gill N.D. , Mills B. , Casadio J.R. , Beaven C.M. 
Published: July 2022

To investigate effectiveness and retention of heat acclimation (HA) integrated within an elite rugby sevens team training program, 12 elite male rugby sevens athletes undertook 10 days of mixed active/passive HA across 2 weeks of normal training. Physiological and performance variables were assessed using a sport-specific, repeated high-intensity heat-response test pre-HA; after 5 days (mid-HA) and 10 days (post-HA); and 16 days post-HA (decay). Resting, submaximal, and end-exercise core temperatures were lower at mid-HA (≤−0.26 °C; d ≥ −0.47), post-HA (≤−0.30 °C; d ≥ −0.72), and decay (≤−0.29 °C; d ≥ −0.56), compared to pre-HA. Sweat rate was greater at post-HA compared to pre-HA (0.3 ± 0.3 L·h−1; d = 0.63). Submaximal heart rate (HR) was lower at mid- (−9 ± 4 bpm; d = −0.68) and post-HA (−11 ± 4 bpm; d = −0.90) compared to pre-HA. Mean and peak 6 s power output improved at mid-HA (83 ± 52 W; 112 ± 67 W; d ≥ 0.47) and post-HA (125 ± 62 W; 172 ± 85 W; d ≥ 0.72) compared to pre-HA. Improvements in HR and performance persisted at decay ( d ≥ 0.66). The initial 5 days of mixed-methods HA elicited many typical HA adaptations, with an additional 5 days eliciting further thermoregulatory, sudomotor, and performance improvements. Adaptations were well retained after 16 days of normal training, without any further heat stimulus. The trial was retrospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12622000732785).
Multiloop flow equations for single-boson exchange fRG
Authors: Gievers Marcel , Walter Elias , Ge Anxiang , Delft Jan von , Kugler Fabian B. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The recently introduced single-boson exchange (SBE) decomposition of the four-point vertex of interacting fermionic many-body systems is a conceptually and computationally appealing parametrization of the vertex. It relies on the notion of reducibility of vertex diagrams with respect to the bare interaction U, instead of a classification based on two-particle reducibility within the widely used parquet decomposition. Here, we re-derive the SBE decomposition in a generalized framework (suitable for extensions to, e.g., inhomogeneous systems or real-frequency treatments) following from the parquet equations. We then derive multiloop functional renormalization group (mfRG) flow equations for the ingredients of this SBE decomposition, both in the parquet approximation, where the fully two-particle irreducible vertex is treated as an input, and in the more restrictive SBE approximation, where this role is taken by the fully U-irreducible vertex. Moreover, we give mfRG flow equations for the popular parametrization of the vertex in terms of asymptotic classes of the two-particle reducible vertices. Since the parquet and SBE decompositions are closely related, their mfRG flow equations are very similar in structure.

Graphic abstract
Bi-local fields interacting with a constant electric field and related problems including the Schwinger effect
Authors: Aouda Kenichi , Kanda Naohiro , Naka Shigefumi , Toyoda Haruki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe bi-local fields are the quantum fields of two-particle systems, the bi-local systems, bounded by relativistic potentials. Since those form constrained dynamical systems, it is limited to introduce the interactions of the bi-local fields with other fields. In this paper, the interaction between the bi-local fields and a constant electric field E is studied with consideration for the consistency of constraints. Then, we evaluate the Schwinger effect for the bi-local systems, which gives the pair production probability of the bound states as a function of the charges of respective particles and the coupling constant in the binding potential. Through this analysis, we also discuss the possibility for the dissociation of bi-local systems due to the electric field.
Inferring $$S_8(z)$$ and $$\gamma (z)$$ with cosmic growth rate measurements using machine learning
Authors: Avila Felipe , Bernui Armando , Bonilla Alexander , Nunes Rafael C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMeasurements of the cosmological parameter $$S_8$$

S
8

provided by cosmic microwave background and large scale structure data reveal some tension between them, suggesting that the clustering features of matter in these early and late cosmological tracers could be different. In this work, we use a supervised learning method designed to solve Bayesian approach to regression, known as Gaussian Processes regression, to quantify the cosmic evolution of $$S_8$$

S
8

up to $$z \sim 1.5$$

z
∼
1.5

. For this, we propose a novel approach to find firstly the evolution of the function $$\sigma _8(z)$$

σ
8

(
z
)

, then we find the function $$S_8(z)$$

S
8

(
z
)

. As a sub-product we obtain a minimal cosmological model-dependent $$\sigma _8(z=0)$$

σ
8

(
z
=
0
)

and $$S_8(z=0)$$

S
8

(
z
=
0
)

estimates. We select independent data measurements of the growth rate f(z) and of $$[f\sigma _8](z)$$

[
f

σ
8

]

(
z
)

according to criteria of non-correlated data, then we perform the Gaussian reconstruction of these data sets to obtain the cosmic evolution of $$\sigma _8(z)$$

σ
8

(
z
)

, $$S_8(z)$$

S
8

(
z
)

, and the growth index $$\gamma (z)$$

γ
(
z
)

. Our statistical analyses show that $$S_8(z)$$

S
8

(
z
)

is compatible with Planck $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM cosmology; when evaluated at the present time we find $$\sigma _8(z=0) = 0.766 \pm 0.116$$

σ
8

(
z
=
0
)

=
0.766
±
0.116

and $$S_8(z=0) = 0.732 \pm 0.115$$

S
8

(
z
=
0
)

=
0.732
±
0.115

. Applying our methodology to the growth index, we find $$\gamma (z=0) = 0.465 \pm 0.140$$

γ
(
z
=
0
)
=
0.465
±
0.140

. Moreover, we compare our results with others recently obtained in the literature. In none of these functions, i.e. $$\sigma _8(z)$$

σ
8

(
z
)

, $$S_8(z)$$

S
8

(
z
)

, and $$\gamma (z)$$

γ
(
z
)

, do we find significant deviations from the standard cosmology predictions.
Just-In-Time Compilation on ARM—A Closer Look at Call-Site Code Consistency
Authors: Hartley Tim , Zakkak Foivos S. , Nisbet Andy , Kotselidis Christos , Luján Mikel 
Published: July 2022

The increase in computational capability of low-power Arm architectures has seen them diversify from their more traditional domain of portable battery powered devices into data center servers, personal computers, and even Supercomputers. Thus, managed languages (Java, Javascript, etc.) that require a managed runtime environment (MRE) need to be ported to the Arm architecture, requiring an understanding of different design tradeoffs.
This article studies how the lack of strong hardware support for Self Modifying Code (SMC) in low-power architectures (e.g., absence of cache coherence between instruction cache and data caches), affects Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation and runtime behavior in MREs. Specifically, we focus on the implementation and treatment of call-sites, that must maintain code consistency in the face of concurrent execution and modification to redirect control (patching) by the MRE. The lack of coherence, is compounded with the maximum distance (reach of) a call-site can jump to as the reach is more constrained (smaller distance) in Arm when compared with Intel/AMD. We present four different robust implementations for call-sites and discuss their advantages and disadvantages in the absence of strong hardware support for SMC. Finally, we evaluate each approach using a microbenchmark, further evaluating the best three techniques using three JVM benchmark suites and the open source MaxineVM showcasing performance differences up to 12%. Based on these observations, we propose extending code-cache partitioning strategies for JIT compiled code to encourage more efficient local branching for architectures with limited direct branch ranges.