bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study and safety analysis on the heating surfaces in the 660 MW supercritical CFB boiler under sudden electricity failure
Authors: Li Yinlong , Xie Beibei , Bi Lingfeng , Yang Haoyu , Nie Chao , Qing Hao , Yang Dong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe necessity of equipping with an emergency water supply system in a supercritical circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler has long been a controversial topic in the industry. In this study, the heating surface of a 660 MW supercritical CFB boiler at the Pingshuo Power Station of China Coal Group is taken as the research object. And a boiler electricity failure experiment was accomplished at the power plant, and the variations of thermal parameters during electricity failure were obtained from power plant distributed control system. By analyzing the physical process of the heating surfaces during electricity failure, a mathematical model of heat transfer to the heating surface was established and a calculation program in Fortran language was developed. In this study, the effect of different flow rates and operating times of the supply pumps on the safety of the heating surfaces were then investigated. The numerical simulation results show that an emergency supply pump with a flow rate of 250 t/h, activated within 120 s, ensures the safety of the heating surface. The results of this study have important implications for the selection of emergency supply pumps and the determination of flow rates and pressures for supercritical CFB boilers with external beds.
Crust occurrence on a Galatian rock‐cut dwelling in central Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Kazancı Nizamettin , Özgüneylioğlu Aysen , Öncel Salim M. , Erturaç Mehmet Korhan , Şahiner Eren 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMahkemağcin Underground City (MUC) is a four‐floored rock‐cut dwelling complex carved into ignimbrite tuffs of the Early‐Middle Miocene age in central Anatolia. The whole interior of the complex is covered by a 1–5 cm thick alteration crust that is not detected in any cave or outcrop in the region. This crust is investigated using microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray fluorescence analyses, and the results are discussed from the geomechanical point of view. The colour of the outer surface of the crust is black, which turns red inside and grades into pale yellow above the white parent rock. The compaction and solidity of the crust are relatively high, as much as double that of the parent rock. The crust seems to have prevented and/or significantly decreased the erosion of the surfaces of the room walls. Mineralogical and chemical analyses together with experimental studies on selected samples suggest that such a crust could have formed because of thermal alteration at high temperatures ca. 600–950°C. On examination of the heated samples, the main geochemical changes within heated rocks were (i) an increase in silica concentration by ca. 2%–3% and (ii) the disappearance of zeolites and sericites. Thermoluminescence dating of the crust revealed thermal resetting of quartz crystals within the ignimbrite tuff at 243 ± 260 CE. All the analytical methods applied to the site indicate that the crust was obtained intentionally, possibly by burning woods indoors, aiming to harden the wall surfaces, mainly by Galatian people of the early Medieval time.
A comprehensive intercomparison study between a lumped and a fully distributed hydrological model across a set of 50 catchments in the United Kingdom
Authors: Sinha Sumit , Hammond Anthony , Smith Helen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe choice of hydrological model, especially on the catchment scale, is never an easy one. This of course is dependent on the problem under consideration and the end user requirement. The continued development in data acquisition and its availability has taken us in the direction of more complex model development and application. Yet, it remains critical to identify a model that is not only parsimonious in parametric space but also provides good results. With the above motivation the purpose of this study is to compare the performance of a widely used lumped conceptual hydrological model (GR4J) and a well‐established fully distributed mesoscale hydrological model (mHM). Model performance is measured by four goodness of fit indicators (GOFIs) as well as five hydrological signatures that examine the capability of the models applied to reproduce different components of the flow. To undertake this comparison, the two models are applied to a set of fifty catchments that are part of the UK benchmark network (UKBN2), supplemented by additional catchments, not so pristine in nature, to incorporate a wider range of catchments. The results, quantified by the GOFIs and hydrological signatures, show that the lumped model performs as well as the fully distributed model and in multiple cases better than the more complex model. However, model results across the set of fifty catchments, examined here, are highly correlated. Model performance is also examined on seasonal basis and a slight deterioration in the model performance whilst simulating the summer flows is observed. Based on the comprehensive comparison undertaken here, we conclude that the applied lumped model might be the model of choice if the problem at hand is an investigation of rainfall‐runoff at the catchment outlet, without the need to consider the spatiotemporal variation of various hydrological states and fluxes.
Testing alternative conceptual models of river‐aquifer connectivity and their impacts on baseflow and river recharge processes
Authors: Mehmood Tayyab , Miller Gretchen R. , Knappett Peter S. K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study simulates the dynamics of exchange fluxes between Brazos River Alluvium Aquifer and the Brazos River, TX. Seven conceptual models for the connection between the river and the aquifer were simulated in HYDRUS 2D using small‐scale, high‐resolution transects across the river. These models assumed varying aquifer lithology and river incision depths and considered processes such as riverbed clogging and seepage face flows. Observed river stage values were used to specify a time‐variable head boundary, and the simulations were tested against observed hydraulic heads in two nearby monitoring wells. The nearly 1.5 years of sub‐hourly measurements spanned both flood and drought periods. The best‐fit conceptual model supported a hypothesized hydraulic disconnection between the subsurface near the river and the wider alluvial aquifer. In contrast to the assumptions of previous studies, these data were more consistent with the presence of a thin, low‐K structure (such as an abandoned paleochannel) rather than riverbed clogging. Across the range of models evaluated, the average net exchange between the river and the aquifer ranged from 0.016 to 12.4 m3/d/m. Most of the variability was attributed to baseflow across the riverbed, which ranged from 0.18 to 13.1 m3/d/m depending on the model. The ranges of exchange fluxes across the seepage face (0.004 to 2.37 m3/d/m) and recharge from the river to the aquifer (0.1 to 5.63 m3/d/m) were significant, but not as influential. Based on these values, the choice of conceptual model could have a profound impact on the accuracy of numerical models used for river management. Extrapolated across the entire reach, this uncertainty would amount to ±83 m3/s of discharge, equivalent to 34% of the river's discharge near its outlet.
Influences of overlapped riparian groundwater mounds on interaction between surface water and groundwater
Authors: Yuan Ruiqiang , Li Zhibin , Wang Meng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA losing river usually produces riparian groundwater mounds. Knowledge of influences of the mound on riparian hydrological processes is still limited. To fill the gap, we measured the annual regime of riparian groundwater at a cross‐section of a river channel in a semi‐arid valley where the water transfer is running. Results show that the hydrologic processes were totally controlled by the water transfer. The river runoff was dominated by the transferred water. Regulation of the water transfer caused river stage fluctuations that were companied by hydrochemical variations of the river water. The water transfer enhanced infiltration into the riparian zone. Consequently, the river water and the riparian groundwater kept connection during the one‐year observation. The annual recharge and the input of total dissolved solids (TDS) from the river to the riparian zone reached 195.8 m3 and 125.0 kg, respectively. Furthermore, the Pearson's r between the river stage and riparian groundwater level was 0.98 at 2 m, 0.94 at 20 m, and 0.93 at 40 m (α = 0.01) from the riverside, respectively. The curved river produces the convergence of hydraulic gradients, which drives the overlap of groundwater mounds. The overlap is evidenced by anomalies in water level, hydrochemistry, and temperature of the riparian groundwater at the cross‐section. When the river stage and adjacent groundwater level went down, the overlap locally reversed the hydraulic gradient to point to the river hindering the recharge from the river. Hence, the average daily recharge from the river decreased from 1.10 to 0.59 m3. The riparian groundwater discharged into the river after quick declines of the river stage. In total, 39.2 m3 of riparian groundwater discharged into the river accounting for 20% of the annual recharge from the river. The impact of the hydrochemical variation of the river water on the riparian groundwater was also blocked due to the overlap. Also 20% of the TDS input was returned to the river. The overlap reduced the impact of the water transfer on the local environment.
A signature‐based approach to quantify soil moisture dynamics under contrasting land‐uses
Authors: Araki Ryoko , Branger Flora , Wiekenkamp Inge , McMillan Hilary 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSoil moisture signatures provide a promising solution to overcome the difficulty of evaluating soil moisture dynamics in hydrologic models. Soil moisture signatures are metrics that quantify the dynamic aspects of soil moisture timeseries and enable process‐based model evaluations. To date, soil moisture signatures have been tested only under limited land‐use types. In this study, we explore soil moisture signatures' ability to discriminate different dynamics among contrasting land‐uses. We applied a set of nine soil moisture signatures to datasets from six in‐situ soil moisture networks worldwide. The dataset covered a range of land‐use types, including forested and deforested areas, shallow groundwater areas, wetlands, urban areas, grazed areas, and cropland areas. Our set of signatures characterized soil moisture dynamics at three temporal scales: event, season, and a complete timeseries. Statistical assessment of extracted signatures showed that (1) event‐based signatures can distinguish different dynamics for all the land‐uses, (2) season‐based signatures can distinguish different dynamics for some types of land‐uses (deforested vs. forested, urban vs. greenspace, and cropped vs. grazed vs. grassland contrasts), (3) timeseries‐based signatures can distinguish different dynamics for some types of land‐uses (deforested vs. forested, urban vs. greenspace, shallow vs. deep groundwater, wetland vs. non‐wetland, and cropped vs. grazed vs. grassland contrasts). Further, we compared signature‐based process interpretations against literature knowledge; event‐based and timeseries‐based signatures generally matched well with previous process understandings from literature, but season‐based signatures did not. This study will be a useful guideline for understanding how catchment‐scale soil moisture dynamics in various land‐uses can be described using a standardized set of hydrologically relevant metrics.
Genetic Deletion of Menin in Mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An Experimental and Computational Analysis
Authors: Abi‐Rafeh Jad , Asgari Meisam , Troka Ildi , Canaff Lucie , Moussa Ahmed , Pasini Damiano , Goltzman David 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTLoss‐of‐function mutations in the MEN1 tumor‐suppressor gene cause the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome. Menin, the MEN1 gene product, is expressed in many tissues, including bone, where its function remains elusive. We conditionally inactivated menin in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using paired‐related homeobox 1 (Prx1)‐Cre and compared resultant skeletal phenotypes of Prx1‐Cre;Men1f/f menin‐knockout mice (KO) and wild‐type controls using in vivo and in vitro experimental approaches and mechanics simulation. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry demonstrated significantly reduced bone mineral density, and 3‐dimensional micro‐CT imaging revealed a decrease in trabecular bone volume, altered trabecular structure, and an increase in trabecular separation in KO mice at 6 and 9 months of age. Numbers of osteoblasts were unaltered, and dynamic histomorphometry demonstrated unaltered bone formation; however, osteoclast number and activity and receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) mRNA profiles were increased, supporting increased osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. In vitro, proliferative capabilities of bone marrow stem cells and differentiation of osteoblasts and mineralization were unaltered; however, osteoclast generation was increased. Gross femur geometrical alterations observed included significant reductions in length and in mid‐metaphyseal cross‐sectional area. Atomic force microscopy demonstrated significant decreases in elasticity of both cortical and trabecular bone at the nanoscale, whereas three‐point bending tests demonstrated a 30% reduction in bone stiffness; finite element analysis showed morphological changes of the femur microgeometry and a significantly diminished femur flexural rigidity. The biomechanical results demonstrated the detrimental outcome of the accelerated osteoclastic bone resorption. Our studies have a twofold implication; first, MEN1 deletion from MSCs can negatively regulate bone mass and bone biomechanics, and second, the experimental and computational biomechanical analyses employed in the present study should be applicable for improved phenotypic characterization of murine bone. Furthermore, our findings of critical menin function in bone may underpin the more severe skeletal phenotype found in hyperparathyroidism associated with loss‐of‐function of the MEN1 gene. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Modest Changes in Sex Hormones During Early and Middle Adulthood Affect Bone Mass and Size in Healthy Men: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Banica Thiberiu , Verroken Charlotte , T'Sjoen Guy , Goemaere Stefan , Zmierczak Hans-Georg , Fiers Tom , Kaufman Jean-Marc , Lapauw Bruno 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Bone metabolism in men is in part determined by sex steroid exposure. This is especially clear during puberty and senescence but it remains to be established whether declines in sex steroid levels during young and middle adulthood are associated with changes in bone mass and size. This study investigated changes in bone mineral content (BMC), areal bone mineral density (aBMD), volumetric BMD (vBMD), and bone size in relation to sex steroid levels in 999 young adult men (age 24-46 years) of whom 676 were re-evaluated after a mean period of 12 years. Sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) levels were measured using immunoassay, testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and free fractions were calculated (cFT and cFE2, respectively). Areal bone parameters and BMC were measured at the hip and lumbar spine using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Radial and tibial vBMD and bone size were determined using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Linear mixed models were used for statistical analyses. With aging, we observed decreases in almost all bone mass and density indices, whereas changes in bone geometry resulted in larger bones with thinner cortices. These changes in bone mass and size appeared related to sex steroid levels. Specifically, decreases in cFT (but not total T) levels were associated with larger decreases in lumbar spine BMC and especially with geometric changes in cortical bone at the tibia. Similarly, decreases in total E2 and cFE2 were associated with larger decreases in bone mass (all sites) and also with some geometric changes. Also increases in SHBG were independently associated with aging-related changes in bone mass and size in these men. In summary, even small changes in T, E2, and SHBG levels during young and middle adulthood in healthy men are associated with changes in bone mass and size. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Harmonization of Osteoporosis Guidelines: Paving the Way for Disrupting the Status Quo in Osteoporosis Management in the Asia Pacific
Authors: Chandran Manju , Ebeling Peter R. , Mitchell Paul J , Nguyen Tuan V. ,   On behalf of the Executive Committee of the Asia Pacific Consortium on Osteoporosis (APCO)
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
In the Asia Pacific (AP) region, osteoporosis and its consequence of fragility fractures are not widely recognized as a major public health problem. Several challenges including underdiagnosis and undertreatment exist. The Asia Pacific Consortium on Osteoporosis (APCO) is a nonpartisan and apolitical organization comprising musculoskeletal experts and stakeholders from both private and public sectors who have united to develop tangible solutions for these substantive challenges. APCO's vision is to reduce the burden of osteoporosis and fragility fractures in the AP region. Heterogeneity in both scope and recommendations among the available clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) contribute to the large osteoporosis treatment gap in the Asia Pacific. APCO has therefore developed a pan Asia-Oceania harmonized set of standards of care (The Framework), for the screening, diagnosis, and management of osteoporosis. First, a structured analysis of the 18 extant AP CPGs was completed. Subsequently, a prioritization of themes and agreement on fundamental principles in osteoporosis management were made through a Delphi process of consensus building. This approach, ensuring the opinions of all participating members were equally considered, was especially useful for a geographically diverse group such as APCO. It is hoped that the Framework will serve as a platform upon which new AP national CPGs can be developed and existing ones be revised. APCO is currently embarking on country-specific engagement plans to embed the Framework in clinical practice in the AP region. This is through partnering with regulatory bodies and national guidelines development authorities, through peer-to-peer health care professional education and by conducting path finder audits to benchmark current osteoporosis services against the Framework standards. The principles underpinning the harmonization of guidelines in the AP region can also be utilized in other parts of the world that have similar socioeconomic diversity and heterogeneity of healthcare resources. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
FAT1 and MSH2 Are Predictive Prognostic Markers for Chinese Osteosarcoma Patients Following Chemotherapeutic Treatment
Authors: Zhou Chenliang , Sun Yong , Gong Ziying , Li Jieyi , Zhao Xiaokai , Yang Quanjun , Yu Hongjie , Ye Jianwei , Liang Jinrong , Jiang Linlan , Zhang Daoyun , Shen Zan , Zheng Shuier 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Osteosarcoma is characterized by diverse genetic mutations, including single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), which can complicate clinical outcomes of the treatment. This study identified key mutations or polymorphisms in genes that correlate with osteosarcoma prognoses. A total of 110 patients with osteosarcoma were assigned to “good” or “poor” cohorts depending on their 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) after surgery and chemotherapeutic treatment. We performed next-generation sequencing analysis of tumor tissues for prognosis-associated SNVs in 315 tumorigenesis-related genes, followed by modeling of clinical outcomes for these patients using random forest classification via a support vector machine (SVM). Data from the Chinese Millionome Database were used to compare SNV frequency in osteosarcoma patients and healthy people. SVM screening identified 17 nonsynonymous SNVs located in 15 genes, of which rs17224367 and rs3733406 (located in MSH2 and FAT1, respectively) were strongly correlated with osteosarcoma prognosis. These results were verified in a 26-patient validation cohort, confirming that these SNVs could be used to predict prognosis. These results demonstrated that two SNVs located in MSH2 and FAT1 are associated with prognosis of osteosarcoma patients. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Ameliorative role of naringenin against lead‐induced genetic damage and oxidative stress in cultured human lymphocytes
Authors: Yadav Bharti , Vishwakarma Veena , Kumar Sunil , Aggarwal Neeraj K. , Gupta Ranjan , Yadav Anita 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLead (Pb) is a ubiquitous toxic heavy metal that is known to induce damage to major macromolecules (lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) by enhancing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Naringenin, a predominant flavonoid primarily found in citrus fruits has attained increasing attention due to its various pharmacological properties. Thus, the present investigation aimed to explore the ameliorative role of naringenin against Pb‐induced toxicity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) under in vitro conditions. For this purpose, PBLs were exposed to Pb (350 µg/ml) alone as well in combination with naringenin (10 and 30 µg/ml). Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and alkaline comet assay were used as genotoxic indices to evaluate the genotoxic and antigenotoxic activity of Pb and naringenin, respectively. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) assays were used as oxidative damage markers. The results revealed that Pb induced a significant (p < 0.05) increase in genetic and oxidative damage as compared with the untreated sample whereas the treatment of cells along with naringenin (10 and 30 µg/ml) and Pb (350 µg/ml) caused a significant reduction in genetic damage and elevation in SOD, GPx, and CAT activities and GSH level, accompanied by a significant reduction in LPO level as compared with Pb alone treated sample. So, the present investigation revealed that naringenin might be used as a protective agent against Pb‐induced toxicity due to its antigenotoxic and antioxidative properties.