bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved thermal–hydraulic performance of a microchannel with hierarchical honeycomb porous ribs
Authors: Wang Man , Zhang Wenqiang , Xin Gongming , Li Fei , Pu Jin Huan , Du Mu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMicrochannel cooling technology has been proven to be extraordinarily efficient for the removal of heat flux in electronic devices. Here, we numerically investigate the thermal and hydraulic characteristics of microchannels with different shapes of ribs, namely, circular ribs, square ribs, regular ribs, and hierarchical honeycomb ribs. Those ribs are composed of solid and porous media. Results indicate that heat transfer can be promoted by adding different shapes of ribs. Especially, microchannels with hierarchical honeycomb ribs possess the greatest heat transfer capability. Pressure drop (Δp) and friction factor (f) display the largest values when microchannel ribs are hierarchical honeycomb and solid, whereas Δp of the microchannel with hierarchical honeycomb porous ribs dramatically decreases, which achieves an 81.1%–81.7% reduction. Results of j/f show that the microchannel with hierarchical honeycomb porous ribs presents the best comprehensive performance, which is ascribed to the superior heat transfer capability and the low Δp induced by the ultra‐hydrophobic effect.
Cross‐hierarchical plasticity of corticofugal projections to dLGN after neonatal monocular enucleation
Authors: Giasafaki Chrysoula , Grant Eleanor , Hoerder‐Suabedissen Anna , Hayashi Shuichi , Lee Sheena , Molnár Zoltán 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPerception is the result of interactions between the sensory periphery, thalamus, and cerebral cortex. Inputs from the retina project to the first‐order dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), which projects to the primary visual cortex (V1). In return, the cortex innervates the thalamus. While layer 6 projections innervate all thalamic nuclei, cortical layer 5 neurons selectively project to the higher order lateral posterior nucleus (LP) and not to dLGN. It has been demonstrated that a subpopulation of layer 5 (Rbp4‐Cre+) projections rewires to dLGN after monocular or binocular enucleation in young postnatal mice. However, the exact cortical regional origin of these projections was not fully determined, and it remained unclear whether these changes persisted into adulthood. In this study, we report gene expression changes observed in the dLGN after monocular enucleation at birth using microarray, qPCR at P6, and in situ hybridization at P8. We report that genes that are normally enriched in dLGN, but not LP during development are preferentially downregulated in dLGN following monocular enucleation. Comparisons with developmental gene expression patters in dLGN suggest more immature and delayed gene expression in enucleated dLGN. Combined tracing and immuno‐histochemical analysis revealed that the induced layer 5 fibers that innervate enucleated dLGN originate from putative primary visual cortex and they retain increased VGluT1+ synapse formation into adulthood. Our results indicate a new form of plasticity when layer 5 driver input takes over the innervation of an originally first‐order thalamic nucleus after early sensory deficit.
Atypical “accelerated” chronic lymphocytic leukemia with abnormal lymphocyte chromatin clumping, bone involvement, and exceptional response to Imbruvica
Authors: Yavorkovsky Leonid L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe “accelerated” chronic lymphocytic leukemia (aCLL) is a relatively rare form of CLL progression. The expanded proliferation centers in aCLL have been associated with adverse prognostic features and propensity to more aggressive behavior with shorter survival.CaseAn atypical case of aCLL with distinct features is described. A 66‐year‐old female presented with a marrow replacing process associated with multiple osseous metastases and trivial lymphadenopathy. Bone biopsy revealed an unspecified low‐grade B cell lymphoproliferative disorder that demonstrated a suboptimal response to standard chemotherapy. Subsequent lymph node biopsy demonstrated findings consisted with aCLL. The distinguishing features of the case were, in addition to bone involvement, the lagging peripheral lymphocytosis and a striking pattern of the chromatin clumping with a prominent “shattered” appearance reminiscent of Pelger‐Huet‐like dysplastic anomaly. A targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS) assay detected pathogenic mutations in TP53 and SF3B1. In contrast to chemotherapy, the case demonstrated an excellent response to imbruvica.ConclusionThe noted peculiarities could potentially distinguish this case as a novel, rare variant of aCLL.
RNA Extraction from Plant Tissue with Homemade Acid Guanidinium Thiocyanate Phenol Chloroform (AGPC)
Authors: Zepeda Baltasar , Verdonk Julian C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGene expression studies are a powerful technique to study biological processes, and isolating RNA that is pure, intact, and in sufficient amounts for downstream applications is key. Over the years, the field has moved to the use of commercial kits and ready‐made extraction buffers for RNA isolation. This became particularly problematic during the COVID‐19 crisis when supply chains were affected and when RNA extraction and analysis reagents were suddenly scarce at a time when they were particularly required. Acid guanidinium thiocyanate‐phenol‐chloroform (AGPC) is one of the oldest RNA extraction solutions, in use since 1987. It is known as a ready‐made solution, sold under different brand names, and is typically the most expensive reagent in the RNA extraction process. In this article, we describe how to prepare a low‐cost homemade AGPC solution and provide tips on how to use it for obtaining high‐quality RNA, as well as describe possible modifications for different conditions. The protocol is based on a phase separation, where RNA is maintained in the aqueous phase and DNA and proteins remain in the interphase and organic phase. After cleaning, precipitation, and resuspension steps, the RNA is ready to be quantified and used for downstream applications. By following this protocol, good yields of high‐quality RNA can be obtained from a wide variety of tissues and organisms, and we exemplify the approach here using plant tissues. Some plant tissues contain extra interferents (such as sugars), and for high‐quality RNA isolation from those tissues, an alternate protocol is provided. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: RNA isolation with homemade acid guanidinium thiocyanate‐phenol‐chloroform (AGPC)Alternate Protocol: RNA isolation from high carbohydrate‒containing tissues using an NTES‐AGPC combination
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation in Chloroplasts
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Cheng Lingling , Sun Qianwen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChromatin is the genetic material assembled by nucleic acids (including DNA and RNA) and proteins. The biological functions of chromatin are highly dependent on the interaction between DNA (and/or RNA) and proteins that bind to it. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a powerful technique for evaluating these interactions and has been widely used to characterize the functions of nuclear proteins. However, its application in identifying plant organellar chromatin‐binding proteins is lagging. This article describes the method for analyzing the association of chloroplast‐localized proteins with the chloroplast genome. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Chloroplast isolationBasic Protocol 2: Crosslinking of DNA–Protein complexesBasic Protocol 3: Chromatin isolation and preparationSupport Protocol: Bead‐antibody complex preparationBasic Protocol 4: Immunoprecipitation and washesBasic Protocol 5: DNA preparationBasic Protocol 6: Analysis of results
EU financial regulations and social impact measurement practices: A comprehensive framework on finance for sustainable development
Authors: Bengo Irene , Boni Leonardo , Sancino Alessandro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSustainability is becoming the main character of the financial industry in Europe, especially after the Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR) 2019/2088, which came into force on March 10th, 2021. However, despite the top‐down indications for disclosing and reporting sustainability practices provided by this new policy, financial actors still lack a comprehensive framework on how to track and measure their social and environmental contributions within the perimeter of this novel institutional context. This paper discusses the implications for financial actors brought by the SDFR and builds a conceptual link with social impact measurement practices. In particular, the article provides a comprehensive framework that identifies strategic approaches and measurement tools for financial actors for building a more sustainable finance, that is a finance focused on the purest dimension of blended value and more attentive to sustainable development.
Synthesizing Mechanism of the Mn4Ca Cluster Mimicking the Oxygen‐Evolving Center in Photosynthesis
Authors: Chen Changhui , Xu Boran , Yao Ruoqing , Chen Yang , Zhang Chunxi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe photosynthetic oxygen‐evolving center (OEC) is a unique Mn4CaO5 cluster that serves as a blueprint to develop superior water‐splitting catalysts for the generation of solar fuels in artificial photosynthesis. It is a great challenge and long‐standing issue to reveal the synthesizing mechanism of this Mn4CaO5 cluster in both natural and artificial photosynthesis. Herein, efforts were made to reveal the synthesizing mechanism of an artificial Mn4CaO4 cluster, a close mimic of the OEC. Four key intermediates were successfully isolated and structurally characterized for the first time. It was demonstrated that the Mn4CaO4 cluster could be formed through a reaction between a thermodynamically stable Mn3CaO4 cluster and an unusual four‐coordinated MnIII ion, followed by stabilization process through binding an organic base (e.g., pyridine) on the “dangling” Mn ion. These findings shed new light on the synthesizing mechanism of the OEC and rational design of new artificial water‐splitting catalysts.
Novel hair snare and genetic methods for non‐invasive bobcat detection
Authors: Rounsville Thomas F. , Rogers Richard E. , Welsh Amy B. , Ryan Christopher W. , Anderson James T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOver the past 20 years, the use of non‐invasive hair snare surveys in wildlife research and management has become more prevalent. While these tools have been used to answer important research questions, these techniques often fail to gather information on elusive carnivores, such as bobcats (Lynx rufus). Due to the limited success of previous bobcat studies using hair snares which required active rubbing, this technique has largely fallen out of use, in favor of camera trapping. The goal of our study was to construct a novel, passive bobcat hair snare that could be deployed regardless of terrain or vegetation features, which would be effective for use in capture–recapture population estimation at a large spatial scale. This new hair snare was deployed in 1500 10‐km2 cells across West Virginia (USA) between two sampling seasons (2015–2016). Collected hair samples were analyzed with newly developed mitochondrial DNA primers specifically for felids and qPCR to determine species of origin, with enough sensitivity to identify samples as small as two bobcat hairs. Over the two years of the study, a total of 378 bobcat detections were recorded from 42,000 trap nights of sampling, for an overall rate of 0.9 detections/100 trap nights—nearly 2–6 times greater than any previous bobcat hair snare study. While the overall number of recaptured animals was low (n = 9), continued development of this platform should increase its usefulness in capture–recapture studies.
Effects of climate change and pollen supplementation on the reproductive success of two grassland plant species
Authors: Andrzejak Martin , Korell Lotte , Auge Harald , Knight Tiffany M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractClimate change has the potential to alter plant reproductive success directly and indirectly through disruptions in animal pollination. Climate models project altered seasonal precipitation patterns, and thus, the effects of climate change on available resources and pollination services will depend on the season. Plants have evolved reproductive strategies to so they are not limited by either pollen or water availability in their reproductive success, and therefore, we expect that the disruption of climate change might cause plants to be more pollen limited in seasons that become wetter than they were historically. In this study, we conducted a pollen supplementation experiment within the Global Change Experiment Facility (GCEF) in Central Germany. The GCEF experimentally manipulates future climate based on a realistic scenario of climate change for the region (drier summers and wetter springs and falls) in a native grassland ecosystem. We quantified seed production of two perennial species Dianthus carthusianorum and Scabiosa ochroleuca in response to pollination treatments (control, supplement), climate treatments (ambient and future) and season (summer and fall). Dianthus carthusianorum produced more seeds in future climate conditions independent of the season, but only when given supplemental pollen. Both species showed an increased reproduction in summer compared with the fall. We did not find evidence for our specific expectation of higher pollen limitation in the future climate and fall season (i.e., no three‐way interaction pollination × season × climate), which might be explained by the high‐drought tolerance and generalized pollination of our focal plant species. We conclude that plant reproductive success has the potential to change with changing climates and that this change will depend on how pollinator services change in the future. We offer many suggestions for future studies that are necessary to understand the context dependence and underlying mechanisms of plant reproductive responses to climate.
Comparing genome scans among species of the stickleback order reveals three different patterns of genetic diversity
Authors: Reeve James , Li Qiushi , Lindtke Dorothea , Yeaman Samuel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractComparing genome scans among species is a powerful approach for investigating the patterns left by evolutionary processes. In particular, this offers a way to detect candidate genes that drive convergent evolution. We compared genome scan results to investigate if patterns of genetic diversity and divergence are shared among divergent species within the stickleback order (Gasterosteiformes): the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitus), and tubesnout (Aulorhynchus flavidus). Populations were sampled from the southern and northern edges of each species’ range, to identify patterns associated with latitudinal changes in genetic diversity. Weak correlations in genetic diversity (FSTand expected heterozygosity) and three different patterns in the genomic landscape were found among these species. Additionally, no candidate genes for convergent evolution were detected. This is a counterexample to the growing number of studies that have shown overlapping genetic patterns, demonstrating that genome scan comparisons can be noisy due to the effects of several interacting evolutionary forces.
Intergrading reef communities across discrete seaweed habitats in a temperate–tropical transition zone: Lessons for species reshuffling in a warming ocean
Authors: Mulders Yannick , Filbee‐Dexter Karen , Bell Sahira , Bosch Nestor E. , Pessarrodona Albert , Sahin Defne , Vranken Sofie , Zarco‐Perello Salvador , Wernberg Thomas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTemperate reefs are increasingly affected by the direct and indirect effects of climate change. At many of their warm range edges, cool‐water kelps are decreasing, while seaweeds with warm‐water affinities are increasing. These habitat‐forming species provide different ecological functions, and shifts to warm‐affinity seaweeds are expected to modify the structure of associated communities. Predicting the nature of such shifts at the ecosystem level is, however, challenging, as they often occur gradually over large geographical areas. Here, we take advantage of a climatic transition zone, where cool‐affinity (kelp) and warm‐affinity (Sargassum) seaweed forests occur adjacently under similar environmental conditions, to test whether these seaweed habitats support different associated seaweed, invertebrate, coral, and fish assemblages. We found clear differences in associated seaweed assemblages between habitats characterized by kelp and Sargassum abundance, with kelp having higher biomass and seaweed diversity and more cool‐affinity species than Sargassum habitats. The multivariate invertebrate and fish assemblages were not different between habitats, despite a higher diversity of fish species in the Sargassum habitat. No pattern in temperature affinity of the invertebrate or fish assemblages in each habitat was found, and few fish species were exclusive to one habitat or the other. These findings suggest that, as ocean warming continues to replace kelps with Sargassum, the abundance and diversity of associated seaweeds could decrease, whereas fish could increase. Nevertheless, the more tropicalized seaweed habitats may provide a degree of functional redundancy to associated fauna in temperate seaweed habitats.
Tumor hijacks macrophages and microbiota through extracellular vesicles
Authors: Jiang Jipeng , Mei Jie , Ma Yongfu , Jiang Shasha , Zhang Jian , Yi Shaoqiong , Feng Changjiang , Liu Yang , Liu Ying 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment (TME) is a biological system with sophisticated constituents. In addition to tumor cells, tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) and microbiota are also dominant components. The phenotypic and functional changes of TAMs are widely considered to be related to most tumor progressions. The chronic colonization of pathogenic microbes and opportunistic pathogens accounts for the generation and development of tumors. As messengers of cell‐to‐cell communication, tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles (TDEVs) can transfer various malignant factors, regulating physiological and pathological changes in the recipients and affecting TAMs and microbes in the TME. Despite the new insights into tumorigenesis and progress brought by the above factors, the crosstalk among tumor cells, macrophages, and microbiota remain elusive, and few studies have focused on how TDEVs act as an intermediary. We reviewed how tumor cells recruit and domesticate macrophages and microbes through extracellular vehicles and how hijacked macrophages and microbiota interact with tumor‐promoting feedback, achieving a reciprocal coexistence under the TME and working together to facilitate tumor progression. It is significant to seek evidence to clarify those specific interactions and reveal therapeutic targets to curb tumor progression and improve prognosis.
Engineered cancer cell membranes: An emerging agent for efficient cancer theranostics
Authors: Guo Yunqi , Wang Zhiqiang , Shi Xiangyang , Shen Mingwu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFor efficient cancer theranostics, surface modification of nanomaterials plays an important role in improving targeting ability and reducing the non‐specific interactions with normal tissues. Recently, the biomimetic technology represented by coating of cancer cell membranes (CCMs) has been regarded as a promising method to strengthen the biocompatibility and targeting specificity of nanomaterials. Furthermore, the engineered CCMs (ECCMs) integrated with the natural biological properties of CCMs and specific functions from other cells or proteins have offered more possibilities in the field of cancer theranostics. Herein, the recent progresses in the design and preparation of ECCMs are summarized, and the applications of ECCMs in targeting delivery, activation of immunity, and detection of circulating tumor cells are reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives with regard to the development of ECCMs are briefly discussed.
Onion (Allium cepa L.) bioactives: Chemistry, pharmacotherapeutic functions, and industrial applications
Authors: Sagar Narashans Alok , Pareek Sunil , Benkeblia Noureddine , Xiao Jianbo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBioactive compounds possess different health benefits. Onion contains various bioactive compounds, such as organosulfur compounds, flavonols, ascorbic acids, and carbohydrate prebiotics, and its by‐products have more content of flavonoids than the bulb. Diallyl monosulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, and diallyl tetrasulfide are the major organosulfur compounds, whereas quercetin, kaempferol, anthocyanin, and luteolin are considered as main flavonoids. Ascorbic acid and fructooligosaccharides are also regarded as bioactive compounds. Onion bioactive compounds have the strong antioxidant potential for neutralizing oxidative stress of the cells. These bioactive components are beneficial as anticarcinogenic, antibiotic, anti‐inflammatory, antiplatelet, antidiabetic, and cardioprotective agents along with other nutritional benefits. However, various postharvest practices have an impact on these bioactive compounds, for example, curing mostly enhances the bioactive level and processing temperature generally decreases the concentration of many of them, whereas storage studies suggest an increase of others under optimized conditions. Additionally, conventional extraction techniques showed a negative impact on bioactive compounds of onion, whereas innovative methods yielded a higher amount of bioactive components. There is a need for innovative and integrated procedures in the postharvest sector to maintain or enhance the level of bioactive compounds without compromising the quality of onions. The present review comprehensively describes different bioactive compounds of onion, their chemistry, and their pharmacotherapeutic roles. Moreover, it also explores the effects of various postharvest factors, such as temperature, storage duration, and extraction conditions on the level of the bioactive components. It also suggests industrial applications of onion waste and its bioactive compounds in the food sector.