bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0079 Feasibility, appropriateness, and acceptability of a mobile wellness meditation intervention to improve sleep quality among a racially/ethnically diverse population
Authors: Johnson Leslie , Aiello Jacob , Jagtiani Ashna , Gujral Unjali , Johnson Dayna 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Although sleep is fundamental to health and wellness, it is largely ignored from lifestyle modification recommendations to improve health. Stress and anxiety are associated with poor sleep quality, thus intervening on these factors is needed. This study evaluated the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of using a mobile application-based wellness program to improve sleep quality among a diverse group of adults.

Methods
Individuals (n=18) enrolled in the Mindfulness Intervention to Improve Sleep and Reduce Diabetes Risk Among a Diverse Sample in Atlanta (MINDS) study completed modules focused on stress and anxiety reduction for 30-days via a mobile phone application. This explanatory qualitative study used online focus group discussions (N=4 with 17 individuals) to collect information about user experiences. A rapid analyses approach was used to descriptively compare motivators of app use, barriers and facilitators to app use, and perceived tailoring needs across participants.

Results
Participants on average were 30 years old, 88.2% female, and identified as Black/African American (52.9%), White (23.5%), Asian (11.8%), and Hispanic (11.8%). All participants felt the app was acceptable and appreciated the ability to customize meditation sessions in length. Individuals with 50 percent or greater app adherence (daily use for 30 days) reported being motivated to use the app as a stress relief tool throughout the day with barriers related to app functionality, versus the remainder of individuals who used the sessions when already relaxed and who faced external barriers to app use (e.g., lack of time). Only those participants who used the app exclusively in the evenings reported falling asleep faster and staying asleep. Suggestions for tailoring the app differed by race and age. Only Black or African American participants chose to try different instructors, preferring to use the Black instructor, and wanted to have additional sleep education components integrated into the app alongside further options to personalize app functions.

Conclusion
Using a mobile wellness meditation app to enhance sleep quality is acceptable and feasible. Timing of the app use in the evening had the greatest improvement on sleep. Culturally tailoring the app for Black and African American may improve uptake in this population.

Support (If Any)
This work was supported in part by grant P30DK111024 from the Georgia Center for Diabetes Translation Research funded by the NIDDK.
0086 Unobtrusive Sensing of Skin Temperature During Sleep Using a Mattress Sensor
Authors: Makaram Nikhil , Chernega Pavlo , Rao Megha Rajam , Ashrith Sai , Shcherbakov Yehor , Barr Shawn , Garcia-Molina Gary 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep is associated with temperature changes in the human body. At sleep onset, distal (hands and feet) and proximal (abdomen) temperatures increase by ~1°C and ~0.5°C, respectively, forming a distal-to-proximal gradient that increases throughout the first half of a night’s sleep. However, core temperature decreases during this period. Few devices can measure these temperatures unobtrusively. Our aim was to estimate distal skin temperature unobtrusively during sleep using a temperature sensor array on a mattress.

Methods
Three male volunteers participated in the study. Skin temperatures were measured using an array of 5 equally spaced thermistors distributed laterally across the mattress region aligning with the torso. Participants wore an Empatica smart watch to provide benchmark distal skin temperatures.Data from 249 sleep hours were used to build predictive models estimating distal skin temperature. The preprocessed data were grouped by participant and segmented into training and test sets (~60%/40%, respectively), with earlier sleep sessions selected for training and later sessions selected for testing. Using the Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) feature in Databricks, a model was developed that optimized R2. This model was applied to the test set and its performance evaluated by Bland-Altman analysis, using predicted and benchmark distal temperatures.

Results
The AutoML selected an XGBoost decision-tree model to predict distal skin temperature for each minute. The mean difference in temperature between predicted and benchmark readings was 0.13°C (R2=0.35), with lower and upper limits of agreement (LOA) of -1.59 and 1.84, respectively. Next, all minute-level data were averaged by sleep session, and model performance was re-evaluated across all sleep sessions. This approach resulted in smaller LOAs (-0.58, 0.91), with a mean difference in temperature of 0.16°C (R2=0.73).

Conclusion
Our results suggest that a temperature sensor array, coupled with an optimized decision-tree model, can predict mean distal skin temperature for each sleep session with reasonable accuracy. Our system enabled unobtrusive, ecologically valid collection of distal skin temperatures during sleep and may be useful for future studies of overnight temperature dynamics.

Support (If Any)
This study was funded by Sleep Number Corporation. Medical writing support, by Sandra J. Page, PhD, Oxford PharmaGenesis Inc., was funded by Sleep Number Corporation.
0110 Nap-Related Change in Memory Precision may be Related to Slow-Wave Sleep in Early Childhood
Authors: Holmes Jennifer , Lokhandwala Sanna , Canada Kelsey , Riggins Tracy , Spencer Rebecca 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
In early childhood (3-5 years), naps comprise part of children’s 24-hr sleep. Naps support some types of learning (declarative, emotional), enhancing children’s ability to correctly identify previously seen items. During this time, children’s ability to form precise memories also improves, likely due to ongoing hippocampal development and maturation of processes allowing for pattern separation. Whether naps support the ability to form precise memory representations, allowing children to discriminate between previously seen vs. similar but novel items, is unclear. Here, we used a mnemonic similarity task to examine whether daytime naps support children’s recall of specific images more so than a period of wake. Further, we tested whether this nap-related improvement persists across overnight sleep. We hypothesized that task improvement would be associated with slow-wave sleep (SWS), as this stage has been shown to support episodic memory in preschool-aged children.

Methods
Participants (N=7, 4 females, Mage=56.1 mos) encoded items in the morning, verbally categorizing each image as something they would find “inside” or “outside”. They recalled items at three time points: immediately following encoding, after their nap/wake period, and the following morning after overnight sleep. Recall involved being shown a single image and responding whether it had been previously seen or not. Recall items included targets, foils, and lures. PSG was recorded during the nap and overnight sleep bouts.

Results
When controlling for age, children forgot fewer target items following a nap than a comparable period of wake (p=.05). Following a nap and overnight sleep, children also exhibited marginally less forgetting of target items than following a period of wake and overnight sleep (p=.102). Lure discrimination index (LDI; false alarm lures minus false alarm foils) did not differ between nap and wake conditions. Change in target recall following the nap was associated with SWS% during the nap (r=.96, p=.01), but not nap duration (p=.27).

Conclusion
Napping supported children’s ability to recall target items, but not to correctly reject lures, suggesting naps’ benefit towards more generalized memory. Nap SWS% was associated with less forgetting of target items, supporting its role in hippocampal-dependent memory consolidation. Analyses of overnight sleep data and inclusion of more participants may help better elucidate the relationship between preschool children’s sleep and memory development.

Support (If Any)
NSF BCS 1749280 NIH R21 HD094758 NIH R01 HL111695
0122 Sleep Hygiene Education Intervention: Sleep Factors and Cognition in College Students
Authors: Anderson Noah , Horton Alexis , Gibson Matelyn , Mullins Kayla , Reynolds Alexandria 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
College students often struggle to adjust to the demanding nature of college life, which can translate to decreased overall health and poor sleep. Healthy sleep practices are important for obtaining good sleep quality and quantity, leading to optimal cognitive performance. Interventions, including educational approaches to improve sleep in college students, may lead to better concentration, memory retention, and subsequent academic performance. The focus of the current study was to examine habitual sleep habits in college students, provide a brief educational intervention, and investigate potential changes in sleep and cognition.

Methods
Participants included 14 undergraduate students (6 men, average age M=20.64 years, SD=2.13) who wore wrist actigraphs to measure their typical sleep habits. After one week, participants completed questionnaires about sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ESS), and fatigue (Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue Scale, MAF). Participants also completed cognitive tests (Stroop, Digit Span, and Simple Reaction Time). Subjects participated in a short lecture about healthy sleep hygiene habits and the importance of sleep and then repeated the one-week observational study.

Results
Paired sample t-tests revealed a significant increase from baseline average sleep duration (M=5.83 hours) to post-intervention sleep duration (6.64 hours; t(13)=-2.532, p=.013). Sleep efficiency (actigraphy) and quality (PSQI) did not improve significantly. ESS scores decreased significantly (t(13)=3.76, p=.002 (pre M=9.29; post M=5.43) and MAF scores decreased significantly (t(13)=2.19, p=.047 (pre M=20.48; post M=15.60). A difference in reaction times for Stroop incongruent prompts approached significance (p=.083, pre M=979.46; post M=884.70), but no differences were found for errors, Digit Span, or Simple Reaction Times.

Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that one educational lecture about sleep hygiene may be a start to improving sleep in college students. Even a 48-minute increase resulted in decreased sleepiness and fatigue. However, no improvements were found in sleep quality or efficiency. Although a slight improvement was found in reaction time, no other cognitive benefits were noted. More research should be conducted on how to improve sleep habits in college students beyond an educational approach.

Support (If Any)
None.
0129 Region-Specific Changes in Brain Peptidoglycan Following Sleep Deprivation
Authors: English Erika , Dykstra-Aiello Cheryl , Savenkova Marina , Karatsoreos Ilia , Krueger James 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan (PG) and muramyl peptides (MPs), isolated from mammalian brains and urine following sleep deprivation (SD), promote non-rapid eye movement sleep. These PG/MPs likely originate from the host microbiome and have been quantified in neonatal murine brain. PG/MP amounts and dynamics in healthy, adult murine brain remain unknown.

Methods
Wildtype mice acclimated to standard lab conditions were sacrificed at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 3 or ZT15 with (treatment, N=8), or without (control, N=8) 3h of SD prior to time points. Hypothalamic (HT), somatosensory cortex (Sctx) and brain stem (BS) areas were dissected, homogenized in phosphate buffered saline and centrifuged. PG/MP contents in resultant supernatants were determined using an ELISA (MyBioSource), interpolating sample PG from the standard curve, and expressed as ng peptidoglycan per mg tissue wet weight (ng/mg).

Results
At ZT3 and ZT15, BS PG values were significantly higher than HT or Sctx values, while HT and Sctx values did not differ from each other. At ZT3, mean PG values from control mice were: 3.6 in HT, 3.7 in Sctx, and 8.6 ng/mg in BS. After SD, corresponding values were: 3.0, 4.8 (statistically significant increase, p&lt;0.05), and 7.5 ng/mg. Further, within all 8 individual mice after SD prior to ZT3, PG levels in Sctx were higher than corresponding values in HT (p&lt;0.001).At ZT15, PG control values were: 4.6 in HT, 4.6 in Sctx, and 8.9 ng/mg in BS. After SD, PG level at ZT15 was not significantly changed in any brain area assayed. However, PG values after SD at ZT15 compared to ZT3 SD values were significantly higher for HT and BS (p&lt;0.0005 and p&lt;0.005, respectively). In an independent experiment (see Dykstra-Aiello et. al. this volume) we confirmed PG values at ZT15 in BS were significantly higher than Sctx values.

Conclusion
Results indicate unique PG regulation by brain area, sleep loss, and time-of-day suggesting physiological roles for brain PG guiding host behaviors such as sleep. Thus, mammalian sleep-wake regulation and its various associated cognitive states, are the product of millions of years of co-evolutionary symbioses between microbes and their hosts.

Support (If Any)
Supported by the W.M. Keck Foundation and NIH (NS025378).
0138 Exploring the influencing factors of sleep disturbance and work well-being among shift-work nurses in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Shu-Chen , Chen Shu-Yu , Yao Ting-Yu , Wang Mei-Ling , Tu Ming-Hsiang , Lee Shih-Yu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Job-related stress and sleep disturbances are common problems among registered nurses (RNs). At present, more than half of the nursing staff in Taiwan have the intention to leave, so this is a problem that cannot be ignored. This cross-sectional correlational research based on Job Demands-Resources Model aimed to explore the influencing factors of work well-being from sleep and job crafting perspective.

Methods
A total of 220 (13.3% was male) shift-work RNs (mean age= 30.6, SD= 6.5), were recruited from seven intensive care units of a teaching hospital in central Taiwan. All nurses completed a battery questionnaires measuring their job-related stress, sleep disturbances, fatigue severity, self-efficacy, job crafting, and work well-being. In addition, a 7-day sleep diary were collected to estimate their total sleep time (TST).

Results
Majority of the RNs reported poor sleep quality (61.5%), insufficient sleep quantity (62.8%), and poor daytime functioning (49.5%). According to the sleep diary, their average TST (464 minutes, SD= 91.7) was close to what they needed to feel refreshed (472 minutes, SD= 87.5); however, more than three-quarters of them experienced clinically significant fatigue before bedtime (92.3%) and after waking up (72.7%). Job-related stress was measured by the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II, the top three stressors were from value at work level, interpersonal relations and leadership, and work organization. Sleep disturbances was correlated with poor work well-being. After controlling for personal factors (age, gender, and years in nursing) and sleep disturbances, self-efficacy, job-related stress, and job crafting explained 49.8% of work well-being; work organization, value at work level, and job crafting are the significant predictors.

Conclusion
Most RNs in this study reported sleep disturbances and severe fatigue, which had a negative impact on their work well-being. Job-related stress contributed to sleep disturbances, and calls for further study on job-crafting and shift work coping.

Support (If Any)
Changhua Christian Hospital,Taichung, Taiwan
0162 Sleep in Pacific Ocean Populations: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gilles Allyson , Frakes Elizabeth , Aitaoto Nia , Hazelbaker Avery , Nonu Sitiveni , Tran Julianna , Baron Kelly 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep research focused on individuals categorized as Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander suggests that sleep deficiencies(short sleep, insomnia symptoms) are highly prevalent among adults. Given the large degree of diversity related to family origin of Pacific ocean populations and assimilation, a more robust understanding of unique risk factors related to sleep challenges for these heterogenous communities is warranted. We are conducting a scoping review of studies that examine associations of health, practice, sociodemographic, and influential mechanisms with sleep in Pacific ocean populations.

Methods
A literature search conducted in Medline, Embase, Psychinfo, and Cochrane encompassed three domains: sleep-related and sleep-disorder terms, oceanic island and ancestry names, and sub-population names inclusive of the geographic regions of Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia. The primary search retrieved 2364 articles. Studies were selected by abstract and full text analysis by one reviewer, followed by independent data extraction by four reviewers. Using a standardized form, synthesis of results and assessment of sample demographics, sampling strategy, sleep data source and findings, theoretical framework, and covariates was conducted per article. Inclusion criteria included articles with at least one quantitative sleep-related finding for a Pacific island population. We excluded non-primary research articles. Studies that categorically combined other racial/ethnic groups with Pacific ocean populations(Asian/Pacific Islander) or geographic regions(Asian-Pacific region) in reporting findings were excluded.

Results
Of the 99 articles included in the review, 18 included children/adolescents, 56 included adults, 13 included multiple age groups, and 12 reported no or only mean participant age. Seventy-two studies allowed participants to self-identify their major ethnic group as a single race(e.g., Tongan, Kirbati). Seventeen studies included objective methods(e.g., actigraphy). The most common sleep-related factors were issues of sleep patterns(n=51), physical health(n=43), mental health(n=28), socioeconomic deprivation(n=26), daytime sleepiness/fatigue(n=20), sleep disorders or symptoms (snoring)(n=17), sleep-supporting practices(n=9), and integration into main culture/born in US(n=3).

Conclusion
Preliminary results suggest that few studies have examined identifiable factors that may impact sleep within diverse Pacific ocean communities, with most studies focused on adults, self-reporting, and sleep pattern problems. Future studies should examine underlying mechanisms related to sleep deficiencies in both children and adults to better understand variability in risk across the lifespan.

Support (If Any)
0200 Does Sleep Predict Antibody Response and Maintenance to the COVID-19 Vaccine?
Authors: Prather Aric , Epel Elissa , Drury Stacy , Robinson James 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
There is growing evidence that insufficient sleep can negatively impact the immune system, including vaccination response. Prior laboratory studies have shown that acute sleep restriction can result in impaired antibody resposne to the hepatitis A and influenza vaccine. Similarly, prospective studies have shown that short sleep duration, measured by self-report and wrist actigraphy, is associated with muted antibody responses. These prior findings have critical implications for the COVID-19 pandemic and the efficacy and durability of the COVID-19 vaccines currently available. Whether sleep accounts for variability in response to the COVID-19 vaccination series has not been investigated.

Methods
We recruited 530 healthy participants (mean age= 52.4, SD=12.1, range: 18-88 years; 64.1% female) who were naive to the COVID-19 vaccination series. Participants completed self-report questionaires (e.g., Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and morning sleep diaries for 7-consecutive days surrounding COVID-19 vaccine administrations. Additionally, 198 participants wore a sleep tracking device (Oura ring) continuously for ~2 months beginning prior to vaccination, which provides behavioral sleep data on days prior to and following the COVID-19 vaccination series. Blood samples were collected prior to vaccination, +1 month after their final vaccine shot (peak response), and +6 months after their final vaccine shot (maintenance); neutralization assays using pseudotype virus will be carried out to quantify antibody titers.

Results
Data collection concludes December 2021, with antibody assays to be completed February 2022. Initial baseline data indicates that most participants reported poor overall global sleep quality (PSQI mean=6.3, SD=3.6; 52% PSQI&gt;5). Linear mixed models will be conducted to test associations between habitual sleep duration (averaged over the measurement time points), sleep efficiency, and subjective sleep quality with antibody responses over time. Additionally, we will report on the relevance of sleep timing (midpoint) and vaccination timing (receiving the vaccine in the morning vs afternoon vs evening), and the role of self-reported sleep disorders (e.g., obstructive sleep apnea) and shift worker status. Covariates in these analyses will include age, gender, race, body mass index, prior COVID infection, and vaccine type (Moderna, Pfizer, Johnson and Johnson).

Conclusion
These analyses will provide new knowledge about the role of sleep in mounting and maintaining antibody response to the COVID-19 vaccination series. These findings may provide novel insights into when and for whom improvements in sleep may result in better vaccine efficacy.

Support (If Any)
R24AG048024