bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ear Reconstruction: Empirical Data of 406 Cases of Carving the Convex Structures of the Framework
Authors: Li Datao , Zhang Ruhong , Xu Zhicheng , Zhang Qun , Xu Feng , Li Yiyuan , Chen Xia , Hou Rui 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveIn auricular reconstruction, the convex structures of the framework determine the esthetics, and young doctors often need sufficient training to determine the best carving techniques. This study aimed to recommend optimal carving methods and provide measured data of convex structures of the carved costal cartilage framework to prevent complications, improve esthetics, and reduce the learning curve.MethodsFrom 2018 to 2021, 406 patients with microtia who underwent costal cartilage carving were enrolled. The helix is formed by the eighth costal cartilage. The complex of the antihelix was fabricated from part of the eighth costal cartilage or the ninth costal cartilage. The tragus was constructed using residual cartilage pieces from the base frame. These components were measured, and those from the new ear graded “excellent” were used for data analysis. The statistical analysis was principally processed using Excel software.ResultsA total of 112 ears were graded “excellent”. The following are the mean and standard deviation of each group of data: antihelix thickness, 0.31 ± 0.06 cm; antihelix width, 0.40 ± 0.06 cm; superior crus thickness, 0.18 ± 0.04 cm; superior crus width, 0.38 ± 0.09 cm; inferior crus width, 0.22 ± 0.04 cm; inferior crus thickness, 0.28 ± 0.05 cm; helix thickness, 0.31 ± 0.04 cm; the four‐point height of the helix, 0.52 ± 0.08 cm/0.51 ± 0.07 cm/0.46 ± 0.06 cm/0.41 ± 0.06 cm; and tragus height, 0.98 ± 0.15 cm.ConclusionThese data may help beginners in reducing the learning curve of ear reconstruction. Framework fabrication based on these data allows attaining a harmonious ear framework and satisfactory three‐dimensional auricle outline, yielding acceptable results and few complications.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:569–575, 2023
A novel CLCNKB variant in a Chinese family with classic Bartter syndrome and prenatal genetic diagnosis
Authors: Zhao Qianying , Xiang Qinqin , Tan Yu , Xiao Xiao , Xie Hanbing , Wang He , Yang Mei , Liu Shanling 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundType III Bartter syndrome (BS), often known as classic Bartter syndrome is caused by variants in CLCNKB gene, which encoding the basolateral chloride channel protein ClC‐Kb, and is characterized by renal salt wasting, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, increased renin, and aldosterone levels.MethodsA 2‐year‐old boy presented severe malnutrition, severe metabolic alkalosis and severe hypokalemia and was clinically diagnosed with BS. The trio exome sequencing (ES) was performed to discover the genetic cause of this patient, followed by validation using Sanger sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction subsequently.ResultsThe genetic analysis indicated that this patient with a compound heterozygous variants of CLCNKB gene including a novel nonsense variant c.876 T > A and a whole‐gene deletion. The two variants were inherited from his parents, respectively. Subsequently, target sequencing of CLCNKB gene was performed for next pregnancy, and prenatal genetic diagnosis was provided for the family.ConclusionsThe results of current study identified the compound heterozygous variants in a patient with classic BS. The novel variant expands the spectrum of CLCNKB variants in BS. Our study also indicates that ES is an alternative tool to simultaneously detect single‐nucleotide variants and copy‐number variants.
Surface deployment of DAS systems: Coupling strategies and comparisons to geophone data
Authors: Harmon Nicholas , Rychert Catherine A. , Davis John , Brambilla Gilberto , Buffet William , Chichester Ben , Dai Yuhang , Bogiatzis Petros , Snook James , van Putten Lieke , Masoudi Ali 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDistributed acoustic sensing (DAS) systems are a recent technological development for seismic observations over a broad range of frequencies with a wide variety of applications. Typically, fibre‐optic cables are buried underground or cemented into well casings where the cables are well‐coupled to the ground. Quick and temporary surface deployment of cables has great potential utility in areas where rapid surveying and minimal disturbance of the subsurface are desired. However, proper mechanical coupling between the fibre and the ground is still a challenge for temporary surface deployments. Here we test four different coupling strategies for a DAS system deployed in a grassy field, including uncoupled, pinned under tension to the ground, weighted down by carpeting, and weighted down by a sandbag. We compare the DAS data to vertical component geophone data and estimated horizontal geophone data to assess the fidelity of DAS ground motion recordings. We find a completely uncoupled fibre is capable of recording seismic energy up to ∼10 m away from the source, while the pinned and weighted fibre record signals over several tens of metres. The DAS recordings compare favourably with the estimated horizontal displacement records from the multi‐channel seismic system. There is a good agreement between the phase of the signals acquired by the DAS system with that of the geophones, but there is a mismatch of up to a factor of two in the absolute amplitude at some frequencies. We perform several standard analysis techniques, including refraction and multi‐channel analysis of surface waves, on the coupled DAS data. Finally, the instrument response of the coupled DAS data to ground motions is determined using the estimated horizontal component from the multi‐channel seismic system. Surface deployments of DAS systems provide a complementary set of observations to standard vertical geophone deployments, for instance, if multi‐component geophones are not available. Also, there are some advantages in speed and ease of deployment of DAS in comparison to geophones depending on the coupling strategy used.
Adding corrective exercises along with bracing for postural hyperkyphosis among adolescents: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gheitasi Mehdi , Bayattork Mohammad , Kolur Masoud Khorsandi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough most attention has been paid to the effectiveness of corrective exercises and bracing to improve thoracic hyperkyphosis, no study, to the best of our knowledge, has compared the effects of exercises plus bracing to bracing alone.ObjectiveTo compare the effect of corrective exercises and bracing and bracing alone on the Cobb angle of thoracic kyphosis.DesignA parallel‐group, blinded, randomized, controlled trial.ParticipantsThe participants included 180 adolescents with thoracic hyperkyphosis who were randomized into corrective exercises plus bracing (N = 60), only bracing (N = 60), and a waitlist control group (N = 60).InterventionIntervention groups received their programs for 24 weeks, whereas the control group was placed on a waitlist for 6 months before receiving a delayed intervention.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe primary outcome was change from baseline to 6 months in Cobb angle measured from standing lateral spine radiographs.ResultsSignificant differences were observed in the Cobb angle of thoracic kyphosis between all groups at the posttest (p <.001). In post hoc analyses, we found significant differences between the corrective exercise plus bracing group (15.5° decline) and the bracing only group (8.8° decline), p <.001; both groups had bigger improvements than the control group, which increased by 1.2° (p <.001).ConclusionThe combination of corrective exercises and bracing demonstrated better overall outcomes in Cobb angle compared to only bracing, as well as waitlist control in adolescents with thoracic hyperkyphosis.
Density functional theory model of Li–S electrochemical system with explicit solvation of lithium polysulfides by sulfolane
Authors: Ovchinnikov Mikhail Yur'evich , Kuzmina Elena Vladimirovna , Karaseva Elena Vladimirovna , Khursan Sergey Leonidovich , Kolosnitsyn Vladimir Sergeevich 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe structure of lithium polysulfides has been studied using density functional theory. The thermodynamic characteristics of their most probable transformations in sulfolane (Sl) have been evaluated. Various models of lithium oxidation and reduction of sulfur are studied by the PBE1PBE/6–311 + G(d,p) approximation, considering the influence of the solvation environment by the IEF‐PCM. The most probable mechanism of sulfur reduction in the Li–S system is considered (Voltage vs. Li/Li+): (I) S8 + 2Li → Li2S8 (2.6 V), (II) Li2S8 + 2Li → 2Li2S4 (2.3 V), (III) Li2S4 + 2Li → 2Li2S2 (1.6 V), (IV) Li2S2 + 2Li → 2Li2S (1.3 V). It was shown that the potential of the reduction of sulfur compounds is substantially determined by the composition of the solvate complexes of lithium polysulfides. The solvate complex Li2S8·2Sl is the most stable in the form of a «broken crown». The preference of the fragmentation of Li2S8 into LiS4− and LiS4 upon electron transfer is shown using FMO theory.
Disseminated cryptococcosis in a renal transplant recipient
Authors: Ozawa Seira , Hanada Shigeo , Uruga Hironori , Ito Hiroyo , Nakahama Hiroshi , Ishikawa Narishige , Moriguchi Shuhei , Murase Kyoko , Miyamoto Atsushi , Hayashi Nobukazu , Takai Daiya 
Published: August 2022

Key messageSkin cryptococcosis often manifests as an umbilicated papule, and chest computed tomography findings of multiple nodules and cavities are also characteristic. The combination of characteristic cutaneous manifestations and radiological findings can help clinicians make an “at‐a‐glance” diagnosis of disseminated cryptococcosis.
A simple approach to estimate unmatched disturbances for nonlinear nonautonomous systems
Authors: Nguyen Phuoc Doan , Nguyen Nam Hoai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this work, an unmatched disturbance estimator using the time receding optimization principle is proposed for a class of multi‐input multi‐output nonlinear nonautonomous systems with unmatched disturbance in both continuous‐time and discrete‐time domains. Numerical simulations and comparison with existing method are performed to support the proposed method. The simulation results show that all the estimated disturbances converge to the unknown unmatched disturbances with a given estimation error.
Structural and Molecular Packing study of Three New Amidophosphoric Acid Esters and Assessment of Their Inhibiting Activity Against SARS‐CoV‐2 by Molecular Docking
Authors: Heidari Nafiseh , Tarahhomi Atekeh , van der Lee Arie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThree new compounds of amidophosphoric acid esters with a [OCH2C(CH3)2CH2O]P(O)[X] segment (where X=cyclopentylamido (1), 2‐aminopyridinyl (2) and pyrrolidinyl (3)) were synthesized and studied using FT‐IR and 31P/13C/1H NMR spectroscopies and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The compounds crystallize in the triclinic space groups P
for 1 and 3 and in the orthorhombic space group Pca21 for 2, where the asymmetric unit consists of three symmetrically‐independent molecules for 1 and one molecule for 2 and 3. The intermolecular interactions and supramolecular assemblies are assessed by Hirshfeld surface analysis and enrichment ratios. The results reveal that the substituent effect plays an important role in directing the supramolecular structures. The presence of the aromatic substituent aminopyridine in 2 providing the C−H…π interactions leads to a larger variety in interactions including H…H, H…O/O…H, H…C/C…H and H…N/N…H contacts, whereas the packings of the compounds 1 and 3 bearing aliphatic substituents only include H…H and H…O/O…H contacts. The enrichment ratios affirm the importance of O…H/H…O contacts reflecting the hydrogen bond N−H…O interactions to be the enriched contacts. Compounds 1–3 were also investigated along with five similar reported structures with a [OCH2C(CH3)2CH2O]P(O) segment for their inhibitory behavior against SARS‐CoV‐2. The molecular docking results illustrate that the presence of the aromatic amido substituent versus the aliphatic type provides a more favorable condition for their biological activities.
Development of Synthetic Approaches Towards HIV Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTIs)
Authors: Sawant Ashwini Amol , Jadav Surender Singh , Nayani Kiranmai , Mainkar Prathama S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA clear and precise report on synthetic methods for INSTIs and their intermediates are provided in the present work. HIV Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), a class of antiretroviral agents employed to treat HIV infected patients are placed as the second option of treatment after nucleosides. As INSTIs are employed as first line therapy to newly infected HIV positive individuals, thus synthetic routes must be easily accessible to the medicinal chemists towards lead optimization or process development. The current perspective elaborates synthetic routes of first to next generation INSTIs investigated in two decades of research and their development efforts. Further, drug resistance occurred by mutations against usage of INSTI drugs with respect to their generation also discussed. Later, discussion about synthetic development and investigation of next generation INSTIs against drug resistance HIV infections also covers to fill the gap between first/second generation INSTIs. The current perspective will draw attention of medicinal chemists and multi‐disciplinary researchers in HIV drug discovery.
Advances in Electrochemical Aptamer Biosensors for the Detection of Food‐borne Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Zhang Wensi , Cui Chuanjin , Chen Hongshuo , Liu Haibin , Bin Shao , Wang Dengling , Wang Yitao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe detection of harmful components in food is of paramount importance in the light of recent food safety incidents caused by foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Aptamer electrochemical biosensors are novel biosensors that use electrode modifications to immobilise aptamers, the biological recognition elements, and then use electrochemical techniques to detect the generated electrical signals. Compared with traditional detection methods, electrochemical aptamer sensors have the advantages of high specificity, high sensitivity, and low cost and have been widely used to detect hazardous components in food. This review summarises these sensors′ current research status and problems in detecting common foodborne pathogenic bacteria and provides an outlook on their development trends.
Catalyst‐Free Site‐Selective Diverse Functionalization of Inherent C–H Bonds in 1‐Aryl‐β‐carbolines, Norharmane and Harmine
Authors: Soni Jay Prakash , Kumawat Akshay , Sathish Manda , Yadav Sachin , Jadhav Nayan Arvind , Shankaraiah Nagula 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA catalyst‐free, site‐selective diverse functionalization of latent C−H bonds in 1‐aryl‐β‐carbolines and natural norharmane and harmine has been accomplished. This method enables the functionalization of 1‐aryl‐β‐carbolines as C6‐chlorination, C6‐bromination, and C4‐nitration employing cost‐effective, eco‐friendly reagents such as trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA), N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) and tert‐butyl nitrite (TBN), respectively. Pleasingly, these catalyst‐/additive‐free strategies were suitable with a broad range of substrate functionalities of different electronic nature, providing moderate to good yields of functionalized 1‐aryl‐β‐carbolines. The critical/sensitive functionalities such as ‐CF3, ‐NO2, ‐CN, and 1‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐β‐carboline were successfully employed, offering corresponding C6‐halogenated or C4‐nitrated products without strain. Furthermore, site‐selective chlorination and bromination of two natural alkaloids such as harmine, norharmane were realized, resulting in corresponding halogenated products, including natural product eudistomin‐N. In addition, we also employed these products in further diversification through ‐NO2 reduction and Suzuki (C−C) coupling of brominated compounds to deliver a C6‐arylated product.
Synthesis, Characterization, Isoconversional Analysis and Degradation Kinetics of Novel Acetate Coated Hydroxyethyl Starch: A New Candidate as a Drug Carrier
Authors: Abbas Muhammad Azhar , Abbas Azhar , Rizwan Muhammad , Bashir Faheem , Kressler Joerg 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe hydroxethyl starch (HES) is very trending biopolymer in biomedical field. In recent research we have successfully synthesized a novel ester of HES, i.e., HES‐acetate by acetylation of HES followed by investigation of its thermal behavior. The successful acetylation of HES was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Proton‐Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopic techniques. Thermal stability and thermal degradation kinetics of HES‐acetate were investigated by thermo‐gravimetric analysis. Flynn–Waal–Ozawa model was fitted to the thermal data to find the values of thermodynamic triplet (ΔS, ΔG and ΔE). Energy of activation (Ea) values of the major thermal degradation steps were found to be 242.85 and 287.17 kJ mol–1 for HES and HES‐acetate, respectively. The order of degradation, integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT) and index of intrinsic thermal stability (ITS) were also taken into account. The results of the thermal analysis reveal that the HES‐acetate gained significant thermal stability as compared to that of HES. This benign polysaccharide‐based material was investigated for its potential in drug release studies by taking caffeine as a model drug. HES‐acetate‐based matrix tablets showed sustained release behavior of the drug indicating its potential for the development of oral delivery systems for sustained drug release.
The joint action of unfolded protein response, circZc3h4, and circRNA Scar in procymidone‐induced testicular injury in adolescent mice
Authors: Xin Bingyan , Yu Haiming , Li Rui , Wang Qing , Fu Hu , Yan Zhengli , Zhu Yongfei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProcymidone (PCM) is a low toxicity fungicide, and an endocrine‐disrupting chemical (EDC) that particularly damages the reproductive system of male vertebrates. In present study, adolescent mice in control, low‐, medium‐, and high‐dose groups were orally administered 0 (equal volume of soybean oil), 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day PCM, respectively, for 21 days. Additionally, a three‐dimensional culture of mouse testes was performed in vitro, and the control, low dose (0.33 × 10−5 M), medium dose (1 × 10−5 M), and high dose (3 × 10−5 M) PCM groups were established. We have found that, under both in vivo and in vitro conditions, all doses of PCM caused damage to mouse testes. Moreover, the levels of circZc3h4 RNA and Zc3h4 decreased while miR‐212 increased in all treatment groups, with a corresponding rise in circRNA Scar and fall in Atp5b, compared to those in the control group, and all the changes showed a dose–response relationship. Besides, we have identified that low doses of PCM could activate the Ire1‐Xbp1 pathway, whereas the medium and high doses activated the Perk‐Elf2α‐Atf4, Ire1‐Xbp1, and Atf6 pathways. And it is, therefore, speculated that the unfolded protein response (UPR), circZc3h4 and circRNA Scar may have taken joint action in testicular injury in adolescent mice induced by PCM at the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL, 100 mg/kg/day) and below NOAEL doses.
CRISPR applications for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: From animal models to potential therapies
Authors: Chey Yu C. J. , Arudkumar Jayshen , Aartsma‐Rus Annemieke , Adikusuma Fatwa , Thomas Paul Q. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCRISPR gene‐editing technology creates precise and permanent modifications to DNA. It has significantly advanced our ability to generate animal disease models for use in biomedical research and also has potential to revolutionize the treatment of genetic disorders. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a monogenic muscle‐wasting disease that could potentially benefit from the development of CRISPR therapy. It is commonly associated with mutations that disrupt the reading frame of the DMD gene that encodes dystrophin, an essential scaffolding protein that stabilizes striated muscles and protects them from contractile‐induced damage. CRISPR enables the rapid generation of various animal models harboring mutations that closely simulates the wide variety of mutations observed in DMD patients. These models provide a platform for the testing of sequence‐specific interventions like CRISPR therapy that aim to reframe or skip DMD mutations to restore functional dystrophin expression.This article is categorized under:
Congenital Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics
Ground Joinability and Connectedness in the Superposition Calculus
Authors: Duarte André , Korovin Konstantin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProblems in many theories axiomatised by unit equalities (UEQ), such as groups, loops, lattices, and other algebraic structures, are notoriously difficult for automated theorem provers to solve. Consequently, there has been considerable effort over decades in developing techniques to handle these theories, notably in the context of Knuth-Bendix completion and derivatives. The superposition calculus is a generalisation of completion to full first-order logic; however it does not carry over all the refinements that were developed for it, and is therefore not a strict generalisation. This means that (i) as of today, even state of the art provers for first-order logic based on the superposition calculus, while more general, are outperformed in UEQ by provers based on completion, and (ii) the sophisticated techniques developed for completion are not available in any problem which is not in UEQ. In particular, this includes key simplifications such as ground joinability, which have been known for more than 30 years. In fact, all previous completeness proofs for ground joinability rely on proof orderings and proof reductions, which are not easily extensible to general clauses together with redundancy elimination. In this paper we address this limitation and extend superposition with ground joinability, and show that under an adapted notion of redundancy, simplifications based on ground joinability preserve completeness. Another recently explored simplification in completion is connectedness. We extend this notion to “ground connectedness” and show superposition is complete with both connectedness and ground connectedness. We implemented ground joinability and connectedness in a theorem prover, iProver, the former using a novel algorithm which we also present in this paper, and evaluated over the TPTP library with encouraging results.
Connection-Minimal Abduction in $$\mathcal {EL}$$ via Translation to FOL
Authors: Haifani Fajar , Koopmann Patrick , Tourret Sophie , Weidenbach Christoph 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAbduction in description logics finds extensions of a knowledge base to make it entail an observation. As such, it can be used to explain why the observation does not follow, to repair incomplete knowledge bases, and to provide possible explanations for unexpected observations. We consider TBox abduction in the lightweight description logic $$\mathcal {EL}$$
EL
, where the observation is a concept inclusion and the background knowledge is a TBox, i.e., a set of concept inclusions. To avoid useless answers, such problems usually come with further restrictions on the solution space and/or minimality criteria that help sort the chaff from the grain. We argue that existing minimality notions are insufficient, and introduce connection minimality. This criterion follows Occam’s razor by rejecting hypotheses that use concept inclusions unrelated to the problem at hand. We show how to compute a special class of connection-minimal hypotheses in a sound and complete way. Our technique is based on a translation to first-order logic, and constructs hypotheses based on prime implicates. We evaluate a prototype implementation of our approach on ontologies from the medical domain.