bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative cardiovascular effectiveness of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists versus sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Dong Yaa‐Hui , Chang Chia‐Hsuin , Lin Jou‐Wei , Yang Wei‐Shun , Wu Li‐Chiu , Toh Sengwee 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsTo examine the comparative effectiveness of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) and sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for select cardiovascular outcomes and to examine whether the relative risks varied across different patient subgroups in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a nationwide cohort study of patients with type 2 diabetes who initiated GLP‐1RAs or SGLT2 inhibitors between 2012 and 2018 in Taiwan. The study outcomes included myocardial infarction and total stroke, further classified into ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke. We estimated the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each outcome, comparing GLP‐1RAs with SGLT2 inhibitors using Cox proportional hazards models after 1:1 propensity‐score (PS) matching. We also examined if there was effect modification by age, underlying chronic kidney disease, or coexisting cardiovascular disease in prespecified subgroup analyses.ResultsAmong 26 032 PS‐matched patients, GLP‐1RA initiators and SGLT2 inhibitor initiators showed similar risks of myocardial infarction (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.65‐1.52), total stroke (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.69‐1.17), ischaemic stroke (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.65‐1.14) and haemorrhagic stroke (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.63‐1.25). However, GLP‐1RA treatment was associated with an increased risk of total stroke (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.06‐2.94) and ischaemic stroke (HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.09‐3.23) among patients with chronic kidney disease, but not among patients without chronic kidney disease. GLP‐1RA therapy seemed to have a lower risk of haemorrhagic stroke among patients with cardiovascular disease (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.43‐0.97), but not in patients without cardiovascular disease.ConclusionsGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors appeared to have comparable effectiveness with regard to several cardiovascular outcomes overall, but their comparative effectiveness may vary in certain patient subgroups.
Working from within Government to Support the Design Industry in Jalisco, Mexico
Authors: Vera Kassim , Delsordo Sofía 
Published: May 2022

…introducing design and working from/within government in Mexico has been an interesting endeavor due to its initial maturity level and by how we approach design at our local government level…Civic designers are putting their unique stamp on public projects that not only enhance the State but are also expanding the role of design throughout Mexico.
Recalibration of existing pedotransfer functions to estimate soil bulk density at a regional scale
Authors: Khodaverdiloo Habib , Bahrami Amir , Rahmati Mehdi , Vereecken Harry , Miryaghoubzadeh Mirhassan , Thompson Sally 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSoil bulk density (ρb) is an important indicator of soil quality, productivity, compaction and porosity. Despite its importance, ρb is often omitted from global datasets due to the costs of making many direct ρb measurements and the difficulty of direct measurement on rocky, sandy, very dry, or very wet soils. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are deployed to address these limitations. Using readily available soil properties, PTFs employ estimator equations to fit existing datasets to estimate properties like ρb. However, PTF performance often declines when applied to soils outside those in the training dataset. Potentially, recalibrating existing PTFs using new observations would leverage the power of large datasets used in the original PTF derivation, while updating information based on new soil observations. Here, we evaluate such a recalibration approach for ρb estimation, benchmarking its performance against two alternatives: the original, uncalibrated PTFs, and novel, local PTFs derived solely from new soil observations. Using a ρb dataset of N = 360 total observations obtained in West Azerbaijan, Iran, we varied the local dataset size (with N = 15, 30, 60, and 360) and recalibrated four existing PTFs with these data. Local PTFs were generated based on stepwise multiple linear regression for the same datasets. The same PTFs (original, recalibrated, and local) were also applied to the study area, and the resulting ρb estimates were compared with the global SoilGrids dataset. Recalibration of PTFs reduced errors relative to the original uncalibrated PTFs; for instance, the NSE increased from −22.07 to 0.30 (uncalibrated) to 0.20–0.41 (recalibrated), and RMSE decreased from 0.12 to 0.60 Mg m−3 (uncalibrated) to 0.10–0.13 Mg m−3 (recalibrated). The recalibrated PTFs performance was comparable to or better than local PTFs applied to the same data. Recalibration of existing PTFs with local/regional uses provides a viable alternative to the use of global datasets or the development of local PTFs in data‐scarce regions.Highlights
Existing global PTFs were calibrated and tested using a small dataset for local utilisation.
Several new local PTFs were also developed using the same datasets.
Recalibration of existing global PTFs is comparable to or more accurate than developing new PTFs.
Reduction in hemodialysis catheter‐related bloodstream infections after implementation of a novel care program
Authors: Lee Kai‐Ni , Chen Chien‐An , Wu Chia‐Hui , Yang Li‐Yu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCatheter‐related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) due to dialysis is the major factor causing morbidity and mortality factor for patients undergoing hemodialysis and is associated with additional costs for these patients. This study investigated the effect of a novel care program in terms of reducing CRBSIs for hemodialysis patients with nontunneled (temporary) catheters inserted in their femoral veins.MethodsThis study included dialysis patients (inpatients and outpatients) from July 2018 to September 2019, covering two periods, pre‐intervention (baseline period) and intervention with a novel care program (novel care period). The novel care program was initiated on December 1, 2018. The CRBSI rates (/1000 catheter‐days) for the baseline and novel care periods were compared, and the characteristics of the pathogens were determined.FindingsOf a total of 72 patients, 33 were from the baseline period and 39 were from the novel care period. Patients in the baseline and novel care periods had the catheter inserted in their femoral veins for a median of 20 and 29 days, respectively. The CRBSI rate decreased by 82.63%, from 8.52/1000 catheter‐days in the baseline period to 1.48/1000 catheter‐days in the novel care period (p = 0.036). The most common organisms involved in CRBSIs were coagulase‐negative staphylococcus and Burkholderia cepacia (26% for both).DiscussionThe novel care program reduced the incidence of CRBSIs in patients with temporary catheters inserted in their femoral veins.
Subsegmental pulmonary embolism and anticoagulant therapy: the impact of clinical context
Authors: Dahan Ariel , Farina Sergio , Holmes Natasha E. , Kachel Stefan , McDonald Christine F. , Lewis Jane E. , Marhoon Nada , Yanase Fumitaka , Yang Natalie , Bellomo Rinaldo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnticoagulation for subsegmental pulmonary embolism (SSPE) is controversial.AimTo assess the impact of clinical context on anticoagulation and outcomes of SSPE.MethodsWe electronically searched computed tomography pulmonary angiogram reports to identify SSPE. We extracted demographic, risk factor, investigations and outcome data from the electronic medical record. We stratified patients according to anticoagulation and no anticoagulation.ResultsFrom 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019, we identified 166 patients with SSPE in 5827 pulmonary angiogram reports. Of these, 123 (74%) received anticoagulation. Compared with non‐anticoagulated patients, such patients had a different clinical context: higher rates of previous venous thromboembolism (11% vs 0%; P = 0.019), more recent surgery (26% vs 9%; P = 0.015), more elevated serum D‐dimer (22% vs 5%; P = 0.004), more lung parenchymal abnormalities (76% vs 61%; P = 0.037) and were almost twice as likely to require inpatient care (76% vs 42%; P < 0.001). Such patients also had twice the all‐cause mortality at 1 year (32% vs 16%).ConclusionsSSPE is diagnosed in almost 3% of pulmonary angiograms and is associated with high mortality, regardless of anticoagulation, due to coexistent disease processes rather than SSPE. Anticoagulation appears dominant but markedly affected by the clinical context of risk factors, alternative indications and illness severity. Thus, the controversy is partly artificial because anticoagulation after SSPE is clinically contextual with SSPE as only one of several factors.
Associations between fruit consumption and home blood pressure in a randomly selected sample of the general Swedish population
Authors: Ström Edvin , Östgren Carl Johan , Nystrom Fredrik H. , Wijkman Magnus O. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFrequent fruit consumption has been associated with lower office blood pressure. Less is known about associations between fruit consumption and home blood pressure. Our aim was to study the correlation between consumption of specific fruits and home blood pressure in a large randomly selected study population. The main outcome was systolic home blood pressure. Home blood pressure measurements were performed with calibrated oscillometric meters during seven consecutive days. Means for all available measurements were used. Validated food frequency questionnaires were used for estimating frequency of fruit consumption. The specified fruits were bananas, apples/pears and oranges/citrus fruit. Complete case analysis regarding fruit consumption, office‐ and home blood pressure measurements and other relevant variables was performed in 2283 study participants out of 2603 available. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed. There were statistically significant associations between consumption of all fruit types and lower systolic home blood pressure unadjusted (p for trend; bananas, apples/pears and oranges/citrus fruit p < .001). The numerical differences between most and least frequent consumption of fruit were for bananas ‐2.7 mm Hg, apples/pears ‐3.9 mm Hg and for oranges/citrus fruit ‐3.4 mm Hg. When adjusted for covariates, both consumption of apples/pears and oranges/citrus fruit had an independent statistically significant association with lower blood pressure (p = .048 resp. p = .009). Future controlled interventional studies are needed to evaluate the effect of specific fruit on home blood pressure.
Engineering, biochemical, and cooking characteristics of seven eminent cultivars of brown rice: Implication on development of food processing equipment
Authors: Bhati Dolly , Singh Baljit , Singh Arashdeep , Sharma Savita , Pandiselvam Ravi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe objective of the present investigation was to substantiate the versatility of brown rice obtained from distinguished Indian varieties with a viable hyphenation with the cultivar influences. Brown rice from seven eminent cultivars, that is, PR‐114, PR‐121, PR‐122, PR‐123, PR‐124, PR‐126, and PR‐127, was in depth characterized by a broad spectrum of properties. Primarily, to comprehend the suggestive milling behavior of paddy and brown rice, their dimensional and physical properties were compared. Secondly, to validate the physicofunctional and cooking prominence of the grain, properties such as amylose and amylopectin content, alkali spreading value (ASV), temperature, and behavior of gelatinization were scrutinized. The assessment of specific nutritional components viz., mineral, vitamins, and fatty acid composition together with textural profile analysis of the cooked grain further validated the primacy of the Indian cultivars. The result presented that the physical and dimensional characteristics of paddy and brown rice varied significantly. In terms of physicochemical and cooking properties, the cultivars PR‐122 and PR‐124 demonstrated considerable pre‐eminence. Furthermore, the ASV, temperature, and gelatinization behavior were principally associated with the starch constituents, that is, amylose and amylopectin. With reference to the mineral, vitamins, and fatty acid composition of the cultivars, PR‐122, PR‐122, and PR‐124 were nutritionally and functionally viable and diverse.Practical applicationsBrown rice is a nutritionally and biofunctionally eminent cereal grain. A viable hyphenation between the anticipated properties demonstrated by these improved and high‐yielding brown rice varieties grown in India would further endorse the cultivation of these cultivars at a larger scale as well as invigorated the farmers to fast‐track their cultivation estate. The physical, physicochemical, gelatinization, cooking, and textural properties of the Indian brown rice cultivars could play a vital role in deciphering and substantiating its processing, nutritional and bio‐viable eminences, which would further confirm their superior demands in the context of regional and national food markets along with food processing industries operating at variable scales.
Possible explanation for limited reduction of pathogens on radish microgreens after spray application of chlorinated water during growth with disperse contamination spread of abiotic surrogate on leaves
Authors: Işık Sefa , Aytemiş Zeynep , Çetin Bülent , Topalcengiz Zeynal 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of spray application of chlorinated water before harvest on the population of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on radish microgreens. The transfer of abiotic surrogate to radish microgreens was also evaluated to track possible pathogen contamination spread by inoculating seed and growth media. During growth, microgreens inoculated with strains of pathogens were sprayed with chlorinated water at three different concentrations (0.50, 1.00, and 2.00 ± 0.05 ppm free chlorine). Spray application of chlorinated water was performed on microgreens once (day 9), twice (day 8 and 9), three (day 7, 8, and 9), and four times (day 6, 7, 8, and 9). Microgreens were harvested 12 hr after the last application of chlorinated water. Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 populations were reduced with the increase in chlorine concentration. Chlorinated water reduced Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 populations up to 1.1 log CFU/g (p < .05) and 0.9 log CFU/g (p > .05), respectively. Images taken under UV illumination provided the visualization of abiotic surrogate spread on cotyledon and upper hypocotyl (all edible parts) of radish microgreen plants regardless of seed or growth media inoculation. Scanning Electron Microscopy showed the presence of abiotic surrogate and generic E. coli on microgreen leaves. Spray application of chlorinated water during microgreen growth may help to reduce microbial load but cannot be used as the only control measure.
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, sleep behaviors, and incident type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zhang Haojie , Wang Yuying , Chen Chi , Wang Bin , Chen Jie , Tan Xiao , Xia Fangzhen , Zhang Jihui , Lu Yingli , Wang Ningjian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with incident type 2 diabetes; however, the extent to which NAFLD may confer its risk remains uncertain, especially in Europeans. Emerging evidence suggests that sleep behaviors are linked to NAFLD and diabetes. We aimed to measure whether sleep behaviors modified the association between NAFLD and incident type 2 diabetes.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 365 339 participants without type 2 diabetes at baseline in UK Biobank data. Five sleep behaviors, including sleep duration, insomnia, snoring, chronotype, and daytime sleepiness, were collected from the questionnaire. Overall sleep patterns were created by summing the five scores. Liver steatosis was based on the fatty liver index.ResultsDuring a median follow up of 11.0 years, we documented 8774 patients with incident type 2 diabetes. NAFLD was significantly associated with increased diabetes risk. Sleeping 7–8 h/day, no insomnia, no self‐reported snoring, and no frequent daytime sleepiness were independently associated with incident type 2 diabetes, with a 20%, 18%, 16%, and 31% lower risk, respectively. About 33.8% and 33.5% of type 2 diabetes events in this cohort could be attributed to NAFLD and poor sleep pattern, respectively. Participants with NAFLD and poor sleep pattern showed the highest risk of type 2 diabetes (relative risk 3.17, 95% confidence interval 2.80, 3.59). Sleep pattern (healthy, intermediate, and poor) did not significantly modify the association between NAFLD and type 2 diabetes. However, when studying separately, we found a significant interaction between NAFLD and insomnia on the risk of incident type 2 diabetes (P for interaction = 0.003).ConclusionIn this large prospective study, both NAFLD and some sleep behaviors were risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Although overall sleep pattern did not modify the association between NAFLD and type 2 diabetes, certain sleep behavior, especially insomnia, showed the modification effect.
Association between cognitive impairment and oral anticancer agent use in older patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Pritchard Jessica E. , Wilson Lauren E. , Miller Samuel M. , Greiner Melissa A. , Cohen Harvey Jay , Kaye Deborah R. , Zhang Tian , Dinan Michaela A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundKidney cancer is the fastest‐growing cancer diagnosis in the developed world. About 16% of new cases are stage IV, which has a low five‐year survival rate. Many patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) are older and may have mild cognitive impairment or dementia (MCI/D). Given prior reports of patients with dementia initiating less cancer therapy and the importance of oral anticancer agents (OAAs) in mRCC treatment, we investigated the prevalence of preexisting MCI/D in patients with mRCC and their OAA use.MethodsSEER‐Medicare patients were analyzed who were ≥65 years, diagnosed with mRCC between 2007 and 2015, and had Medicare part D coverage. Patterns and predictors of (a) OAA utilization within the 12 months following mRCC diagnosis and (b) adherence (percent of days covered [PDC] ≥ 80%) during the first 90 days following treatment initiation were assessed.ResultsOf the 2792 eligible patients, 268 had preexisting MCI/D, and 907 initiated OAA treatment within 12 months of mRCC diagnosis. Patients with preexisting MCI/D were less likely to begin an OAA than those without MCI/D (fully‐adjusted HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.38–0.76). Among OAA initiators, a preexisting MCI/D diagnosis did not alter the likelihood that a person would be adherent (adjusted RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.55–1.28).ConclusionsPatients with preexisting MCI/D were half as likely to start an OAA during the year following mRCC diagnosis than patients without comorbid MCI/D. The 90‐day adherence of OAA initiators was not significantly different between those with and without preexisting MCI/D. In light of this, clinicians should assess mRCC patients for cognitive impairment and take steps to optimize OAA utilization by those with MCI/D.
Differentially expressed EREG and SPP1 are independent prognostic markers in cervical squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Leilei , Nan Fangfang , Yang Lijuan , Dong Yanjun , Tian Yongjie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsCervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most frequent malignancies of the female reproductive system. The malignant mechanism of SCC has not been totally clarified. We aimed to discover a list of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to identify the malignant mechanism of cervical SCC.MethodThree expression chips (GSE7803, GSE9750, and GSE64217) were downloaded from gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets. After standardization, 50 cervical SCC tumor tissues and 33 normal cervical tissues (NCTs) were included for DEGs and clustering analysis. RobustRankAggreg (RRA) algorithm was used to extract the overlapping DEGs. Gene function and signaling pathway analysis was implemented based on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway databases. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis and prognostic analysis were also carried out to identify the DEGs as prognostic markers for cervical SCC.ResultsTotally 100 DEGs were obtained from GSE7803, 319 DEGs from GSE9750, and 1639 DEGs from GSE64217. RRA analysis uncovered 17 upregulated DEGs and 25 downregulated DEGs. GO and KEGG analysis showed DEGs were involved in the mediation of extracellular functions, cell–cell interactions, and cell metabolism. PPI network showed a close interaction among the integrated DEGs. Prognostic analysis showed gene secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) and epiregulin (EREG) genes were independent prognostic predictors of cervical SCC.ConclusionThe gene expression profile was changed in cervical SCC tumor tissues compared to NCTs. SPP1 and EREG were postulated as prognostic markers for cervical SCC, which might be potential targets for clinical therapy of cervical SCC.
Hepatitis C virus eradication ameliorates the prognosis of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib
Authors: Kuwano Akifumi , Yada Masayoshi , Nagasawa Shigehiro , Tanaka Kosuke , Morita Yusuke , Masumoto Akihide , Motomura Kenta 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence following hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication has been previously reported, but the impact of HCV eradication on advanced HCC patient survival remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of HCV eradication on the survival outcome of patients with advanced HCC treated with sorafenib. One hundred and three HCV‐related advanced HCC patients who were treated with sorafenib were enrolled in this study. Of these, 43 patients were administered antiviral therapy before sorafenib treatment (HCV eradication group), while 60 patients remained HCV‐infected (HCV non‐eradication group). We analysed the impact of HCV eradication on survival in advanced HCC treated with sorafenib. Median overall survival (OS) was significantly longer in the HCV eradication group than in the HCV non‐eradication group (24.0 months vs. 14.1 months; p = 0.001). Although there was no significant difference in the albumin‐bilirubin (ALBI) score at the start of treatment between the HCV eradication group and the non‐eradication group (p = 0.065), the ALBI score at 2 months after initiation of sorafenib treatment was significantly decreased in the HCV non‐eradication group (p < 0.001), but not in the HCV eradication group (p = 0.121). Multivariate logistic analysis revealed HCV eradication (hazard ratio [HR], 0.5; p = 0.006) and ALBI score at the start of treatment (HR, 2.47; p = 0.002) as factors that may contribute to OS. HCV eradication may serve an important role in the survival outcome of advanced HCC patients treated with sorafenib.