bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UK pharmacists’ experiences and perceptions of conflict between personal ethical commitments and professional obligations, as set out in professional guidance
Authors: Fovargue Sara , Neal Mary 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn 2017, the General Pharmaceutical Council (UK) issued new Standards for Pharmacy Professionals and supporting guidance, Guidance on Religion, Personal Values and Beliefs, to help pharmacists when their religion, personal values or beliefs might impact on their provision of services.ObjectiveTo understand how pharmacists in the UK experience and perceive conflicts between their personal ethical commitments (matters of conscience) and professional obligations in guidance from their regulator.MethodsTwenty-four registered pharmacists were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.Key findingsParticipants were generally aware of the Council’s consultations and responded if they had something to say, or it was their role to respond. Age and stage, confidence, and workload impacted on whether participants responded to Council consultations, and, therefore, on the range of views heard. The professional obligation to provide person-centred care (PCC) was central to participants’ practice, and personal ethical commitments were important to some. Conflicts between such commitments and professional obligations were rare, and it was generally believed that the former should be accommodated, as far as possible, but not imposed on others. Personal ethical commitments could affect PCC, and some suggested that the Council’s Guidance was not clear on pharmacists’ responsibilities in this regard.ConclusionsClarification on the role of personal ethical commitments in professional practice, particularly in relation to providing PCC, would be useful. Clearer guidance on how pharmacists should manage perceived conflicts between their personal ethical commitments and their professional obligations would also be welcomed.
Chikungunya Virus Vaccine Candidate Incorporating Synergistic Mutations Is Attenuated and Protects Against Virulent Virus Challenge
Authors: Lentscher Anthony J , McAllister Nicole , Griswold Kira A , Martin James L , Welsh Olivia L , Sutherland Danica M , Silva Laurie A , Dermody Terence S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arbovirus that periodically emerges to cause large epidemics of arthritic disease. Although the robust immunity elicited by live-attenuated virus (LAV) vaccine candidates makes them attractive, CHIKV vaccine development has been hampered by a high threshold for acceptable adverse events.

Methods
We evaluated the vaccine potential of a recently described LAV, skeletal muscle-restricted virus (SKE), that exhibits diminished replication in skeletal muscle due to insertion of target sequences for skeletal muscle-specific miR-206. We also evaluated whether these target sequences could augment safety of an LAV encoding a known attenuating mutation, E2 G82R. Attenuation of viruses containing these mutations was compared with a double mutant, SKE G82R.

Results
SKE was attenuated in both immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice and induced a robust neutralizing antibody response, indicating its vaccine potential. However, only SKE G82R elicited diminished swelling in immunocompetent mice at early time points postinoculation, indicating that these mutations synergistically enhance safety of the vaccine candidate.

Conclusions
These data suggest that restriction of LAV replication in skeletal muscle enhances tolerability of reactogenic vaccine candidates and may improve the rational design of CHIKV vaccines.
In silico analyses and experimental validation of the MHC class-I restricted epitopes of Ebolavirus GP
Authors: Liu Yang , Sun Baozeng , Wang Jiawei , Sun Hao , Lu Zhenhua , Chen Longyu , Lan Mingfu , Xu Jiahao , Pan Jingyu , Shi Jingqi , Sun Yuanjie , Zhang Xiyang , Wang Jing , Jiang Dongbo , Yang Kun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ebolavirus (EBOV) causes an extremely high mortality and prevalence disease called Ebola virus disease (EVD). There is only one glycoprotein (GP) on the virus particle surface, which mediates entry into the host cell. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I restricted cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8+) T cell responses are important antiviral immune responses. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand EBOV GP-specific MHC class-I restricted epitopes within immunogenicity. In this study, computational approaches were employed to predict the dominant MHC class-I molecule epitopes of EBOV GP for mouse H2 and major alleles of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class-I supertypes. Our results yielded 42 dominant epitopes in H2 haplotypes and 301 dominant epitopes in HLA class-I haplotypes. After validation by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay, in-depth analyses to ascertain their nature of conservation, immunogenicity, and docking with the corresponding MHC class-I molecules were undertaken. Our study predicted MHC class-I restricted epitopes that may aid the advancement of anti-EBOV immune responses. An integrated strategy of epitope prediction, validation and comparative analyses was postulated, which is promising for epitope-based immunotherapy development and application to viral epidemics.
Identification and biochemical characterization of a heteromeric cis-prenyltransferase from the thermophilic archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus
Authors: Sompiyachoke Kitty , Nagasaka Arisa , Ito Tomokazu , Hemmi Hisashi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
cis-Prenyltransferases (cPTs) form linear polyprenyl pyrophosphates, the precursors of polyprenyl or dolichyl phosphates that are essential for cell function in all living organisms. Polyprenyl phosphate serves as a sugar carrier for peptidoglycan cell wall synthesis in bacteria, a role that dolichyl phosphate performs analogously for protein glycosylation in eukaryotes and archaea. Bacterial cPTs are characterized by their homodimeric structure, while cPTs from eukaryotes usually require two distantly homologous subunits for enzymatic activity. This study identifies the subunits of heteromeric cPT, Af1219 and Af0707, from a thermophilic sulphur-reducing archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus. Both subunits are indispensable for cPT activity, and their protein–protein interactions were demonstrated by a pulldown assay. Gel filtration chromatography and chemical cross-linking experiments suggest that Af1219 and Af0707 likely form a heterotetramer complex. Although this expected subunit composition agrees with a reported heterotetrameric structure of human hCIT/NgBR cPT complex, the similarity of the quaternary structures is likely a result of convergent evolution.
Cosmology behind the mask: constraining the parameters of ΛCDM with the unmasked galaxy density field from VIPERS
Authors: Estrada N , Granett B R , Guzzo L 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Galaxy redshift surveys are designed to map cosmic structures in three dimensions for large-scale structure studies. Nevertheless, limitations due to sampling and the survey window are unavoidable and degrade the cosmological constraints. We present an analysis of the VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS) over the redshift range 0.6 &lt; z &lt; 1 that is optimized to extract the cosmological parameters while fully accounting for the complex survey geometry. We employ the Gibbs sampling algorithm to iteratively draw samples of the galaxy density field in redshift space, the galaxy bias, the matter density, baryon fraction, and growth-rate parameter fσ8 based on a multivariate Gaussian likelihood and prior on the density field. Despite the high number of degrees of freedom, the samples converge to the joint posterior distribution and give self-consistent constraints on the model parameters. We validate the approach using VIPERS mock galaxy catalogues. Although the uncertainty is underestimated by the Gaussian likelihood on the scales that we consider by 50 per cent, the dispersion of the results from the mock catalogues gives a robust error estimate. We find that the precision of the results matches those of the traditional analyses applied to the VIPERS data that use more constrained models. By relaxing the model assumptions, we confirm that the data deliver consistent constraints on the ΛCDM model. This work provides a case-study for the application of maximum-likelihood analyses for the next generation of galaxy redshift surveys.
Leverage on small-scale primordial non-Gaussianity through cross-correlations between CMB E-mode and μ-distortion anisotropies
Authors: Remazeilles Mathieu , Ravenni Andrea , Chluba Jens 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Multifield inflation models and non-Bunch–Davies vacuum initial conditions both predict sizeable non-Gaussian primordial perturbations and anisotropic μ-type spectral distortions of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) blackbody. While CMB anisotropies allow us to probe non-Gaussianity at wavenumbers $k\simeq 0.05\, {\rm Mpc^{-1}}$, μ-distortion anisotropies are related to non-Gaussianity of primordial perturbation modes with much larger wavenumbers, $k\simeq 740\, {\rm Mpc^{-1}}$. Through cross-correlations between CMB and μ-distortion anisotropies, one can therefore shed light on the aforementioned inflation models. We investigate the ability of a future CMB satellite imager like LiteBIRD to measure μT and μE cross-power spectra between anisotropic μ-distortions and CMB temperature and E-mode polarization anisotropies in the presence of foregrounds, and derive LiteBIRD forecasts on ${f_{\rm NL}^\mu (k\simeq 740\, {\rm Mpc^{-1}})}$. We show that μE cross-correlations with CMB polarization provide more constraining power on $f_{\rm NL}^\mu$ than μT cross-correlations in the presence of foregrounds, and the joint combination of μT and μE observables adds further leverage to the detection of small-scale primordial non-Gaussianity. For multifield inflation, we find that LiteBIRD would detect ${f_{\rm NL}^\mu }=4500$ at 5σ significance after foreground removal, and achieve a minimum error of ${\sigma (f_{\rm NL}^\mu =0) \simeq 800}$ at 68 per cent CL by combining CMB temperature and polarization. Due to the huge dynamic range of wavenumbers between CMB and μ-distortion anisotropies, such large $f^\mu _{\rm NL}$ values would still be consistent with current CMB constraints in the case of very mild scale dependence of primordial non-Gaussianity. Anisotropic spectral distortions thus provide a new path, complementary to CMB B-modes, to probe inflation with LiteBIRD.
Full-scale Randomized Trial Comparing Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Telephone-Delivered Coaching With Standard Telephone-Delivered Coaching Among Medicare/Uninsured Quitline Callers
Authors: Bricker Jonathan B , Sullivan Brianna M , Mull Kristin E , Torres Alula J , Carpenter Kelly M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The aim of this study was to compare Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) telephone-delivered coaching with standard quitline (QL) telephone-delivered coaching.

Methods
Medicare/uninsured adults (analyzable sample N = 1170) who smoked at least 10 cigarettes per day were recruited from Optum, a major US provider of QL services, in a two-arm stratified double-blind randomized trial with main outcome of self-reported missing = smoking 30-day point prevalence abstinence (PPA) at the 12-month follow-up. Participants were mean (SD) age 47.4 (12.7), 61% female, and 72% white race. Five sessions of telephone-delivered ACT or QL interventions were offered. Both arms included combined nicotine patch (4 weeks) and gum or lozenge (2 weeks).

Results
The 12-month follow-up data retention rate was 67.8%. ACT participants reported their treatment was more useful for quitting smoking (92.0% for ACT vs. 82.3% for QL; odds ratio [OR] = 2.48; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.53 to 4.00). Both arms had similar 12-month cessation outcomes (missing = smoking 30-day PPA: 24.6% for ACT vs. 28.8% for QL; OR =.81; 95% CI: 0.62 to 1.05) and the ACT arm trended toward greater reductions in number cigarettes smoked per day (−5.6 for ACT vs. −1.7 QL, among smokers; p = .075).

Conclusions
ACT telephone-delivered coaching was more satisfying, engaging, and was as effective as standard QL telephone-delivered coaching. ACT may help those who fail to quit after standard coaching or who choose not to use nicotine replacement therapy.

Implications
In a sample of Medicare and uninsured QL callers, a large randomized trial with long-term follow-up showed that ACT) telephone-delivered coaching was more satisfying, engaging, and was as effective as standard QL telephone-delivered coaching—which has followed the same behavior change approach since the 1990s. This newer model of coaching might be a welcome addition to QL services.
Rubisco regulation in response to altered carbon status in the cyanobacteriumSynechococcus elongatusPCC 7942
Authors: Singh Amit K , Santos-Merino María , Sakkos Jonathan K , Walker Berkley J , Ducat Daniel C 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPhotosynthetic organisms possess a variety of mechanisms to achieve balance between absorbed light (source) and the capacity to metabolically utilize or dissipate this energy (sink). While regulatory processes that detect changes in metabolic status/balance are relatively well studied in plants, analogous pathways remain poorly characterized in photosynthetic microbes. Here, we explored systemic changes that result from alterations in carbon availability in the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 by taking advantage of an engineered strain where influx/efflux of a central carbon metabolite, sucrose, can be regulated experimentally. We observed that induction of a high-flux sucrose export pathway leads to depletion of internal carbon storage pools (glycogen) and concurrent increases in estimates of photosynthetic activity. Further, a proteome-wide analysis and fluorescence reporter-based analysis revealed that upregulated factors following the activation of the metabolic sink are concentrated on ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco) and auxiliary modules involved in Rubisco maturation. Carboxysome number and Rubisco activity also increased following engagement of sucrose secretion. Conversely, reversing the flux of sucrose by feeding exogenous sucrose through the heterologous transporter resulted in increased glycogen pools, decreased Rubisco abundance, and carboxysome reorganization. Our data suggest that Rubisco activity and organization are key variables connected to regulatory pathways involved in metabolic balancing in cyanobacteria.
Correction to black hole radiation due to pair annihilation
Authors: Shafiee Moslem 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We consider the emission of charged scalar particles from a Schwarzschild black hole. It is shown that these particles can interact with each other through pair annihilation and, as a result, produce photons. These photons make a correction to the spectrum of photons that are directly emitted from the black hole. By solving the field equations using the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation, the pair annihilation rate is taken into account for the most probable case, i.e. the first order, and therefore the correction will be of the order of e2. Considering this scenario, we show that most interactions take place near the event horizon of the black hole, yet the number of interactions is not large enough to make a noticeable modification in the radiation spectrum of particles.
Non-rapid eye movement sleep instability in adults with epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cyclic alternating pattern
Authors: Yeh Wei-Chih , Lin Huan-Jan , Li Ying-Sheng , Chien Ching-Fang , Wu Meng-Ni , Liou Li-Min , Hsieh Cheng-Fang , Hsu Chung-Yao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
Epilepsy is characterized by disrupted sleep architecture. Studies on sleep macro- and microstructure revealed that patients with epilepsy experience disturbed rapid eye movement (REM) sleep; however, no consensus has been reached on non-REM (NREM) sleep changes. Cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) is a marker of sleep instability that occurs only during NREM sleep. This meta-analysis investigated CAP differences between patients with epilepsy and healthy controls.

Methods
This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines in searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central database for studies comparing polysomnographic sleep microstructures between patients with epilepsy and healthy controls. A meta-analysis using a random-effects model was performed. We compared CAP rates, percentages of phase A1, A2, A3 subtypes, and phase B durations between patients with epilepsy and healthy controls.

Results
A total of 11 studies, including 209 patients with epilepsy and 197 healthy controls, fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Compared with healthy controls, patients with epilepsy had significantly increased CAP rates and decreased A1 subtype percentages, and patients with sleep-related epilepsy had increased A3 subtype percentages. Subgroup analyses revealed that antiseizure medications (ASMs) decreased CAP rates and increased phase B durations but did not affect the microstates of phase A in patients with sleep-related epilepsy.

Conclusions
This meta-analysis detected statistically significant differences in CAP parameters between patients with epilepsy and healthy controls. Our findings suggest patients with epilepsy experience NREM sleep instability. ASMs treatment may decrease NREM instability but did not alter the microstates of phase A.
Systems-level audit and feedback interventions to improve oncology care: a scoping review
Authors: Hobden Breanne , Turon Heidi , Fakes Kristy , Cameron Emilie , Sanson-Fisher Rob 
Published: February 2022

Lay Summary
Auditing clinical practice and providing performance feedback is commonly used as a method of monitoring and attempting to improve the quality of healthcare. The scope of the research evidence on audit and feedback strategies to improve patient care across an oncology treatment centers is currently unclear. A scoping review of the literature was conducted to explore the research in this area. After assessing included studies for scientific rigor, only four intervention studies were considered to use a sound research design. The low number of studies make it difficult to draw clear conclusions about the effectiveness of systems-level audit and feedback. This area represents an important field for future research.
How COVID-19 impacted child and family health and healthcare: a mixed-methods study incorporating family voices
Authors: Heerman William J , Gross Rachel , Lampkin Jacarra , Nmoh Ashley , Eatwell Sagen , Delamater Alan M , Sanders Lee , Rothman Russell L , Yin H Shonna , Perrin Eliana M , Flower Kori B 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
To describe how social disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic impacted child access to healthcare and child health behaviors in 2020. We used mixed-methods to conduct surveys and in-depth interviews with English- and Spanish-speaking parents of young children from five geographic regions in the USA. Participants completed the COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Survey (CEFIS). Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted between August and October 2020. Of the 72 parents interviewed, 45.8% of participants were Hispanic, 20.8% Black (non-Hispanic), and 19.4% White (non-Hispanic). On the CEFIS, the average (SD) number of social/family disruptions reported was 10.5 (3.8) out of 25. Qualitative analysis revealed multiple levels of themes that influenced accessing healthcare during the pandemic, including two broad contextual themes: (a) lack of trustworthiness of medical system/governmental organizations, and (b) uncertainty due to lack of consistency across multiple sources of information. This context influenced two themes that shaped the social and emotional environments in which participants accessed healthcare: (a) fear and anxiety and (b) social isolation. However, the pandemic also had some positive impacts on families: over 80% indicated that the pandemic made it “a lot” or “a little” better to care for their new infants. Social and family disruptions due to COVID-19 were common. These disruptions contributed to social isolation and fear, and adversely impacted multiple aspects of child and family health and access to healthcare. Some parents of infants reported improvements in specific health domains such as parenting, possibly due to spending more time together.
A delayed diagnosis of high-grade spondylolisthesis
Authors: Kolenko Ana Maria G. , Bauer Jennifer M. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Spondylolysis, or pars defect, occurs in nearly half of children with back pain. Despite the marked prevalence, diagnosis of spondylolysis with spondylolisthesis often is delayed or missed secondary to referred pain and uncharacteristic presentation. This article describes an 8-year-old patient with 15 months of right heel pain who was initially treated by her primary care provider for presumed Sever disease before being referred to orthopedics. After orthopedic consultation, she was diagnosed with a high-grade spondylolisthesis with L5 nerve root compression. Although spondylolysis is an infrequent diagnosis, particularly in a patient this young, missing the diagnosis can significantly reduce a patient's quality of life.
Clinical suspicion of sarcopenic obesity and probable sarcopenic obesity in Colombian women with a history of surgical menopause: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Monterrosa-Castro Álvaro , Prada-Tobar María , Monterrosa-Blanco Angélica , Pérez-Romero Diana , Salas-Becerra Cindy , Redondo-Mendoza Velia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives:
To identify the frequency of clinical suspicion of sarcopenic obesity (CSSO) and probable sarcopenic obesity (PSO) and to estimate the association between them and surgical menopause.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study carried out in women residing in Colombia, ages 60 to 75 years. Body mass index, the SARC-F scale, SARC-CalF < 31, and SARC-CalF <33 versions adding the calf circumference measurement in the last two were used to identify CSSO. Muscle strength measurement was added to the above measures to establish PSO. Surgical menopause was defined in women who underwent bilateral oophorectomy simultaneously with hysterectomy before natural menopause. Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression were performed between CSSO or PSO with surgical menopause, bilateral oophorectomy after natural menopause, and abdominal hysterectomy with ovarian preservation. All participants provided informed consent. P < 0.05 was statistically significant.

Results:
Seven hundred women 67.0 ± 4.8 years old were included; 23.7% were obese, 68.1% had reduced muscle strength, and 4.2% had surgical menopause. CSSO was found in 3.0% with SARC-F and with SARC-CalF < 31; whereas 2.0% were found with SARC-CalF <33. PSO was found in 2.4%, 1.5%, and 2.2% with SARC-F, SARC-CalF <31, and SARC-CalF <33, respectively. Surgical menopause was associated with PSO but was not associated with CSSO. Bilateral oophorectomy after menopause and hysterectomy with ovarian preservation were not associated with CSSO or PSO.

Conclusions:
In a group of older adult women, the frequency of CSSO was up to 3.0% and PSO up to 2.4%. Surgical menopause was statistically significantly associated with PSO. On the contrary, CSSO was not associated.