bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silicon accumulation suppresses arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonisation in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon
Authors: Johnson Scott N. , Powell Jeff R. , Frew Adam , Cibils–Stewart Ximena 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Silicon (Si) accumulation by grasses alleviates diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. Despite this important functional role, we have limited understanding of how root microbial symbionts, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, affect Si uptake and even less about how Si supply and accumulation affect AM fungal colonisation. Our objective was to determine the nature of this two–way interaction in the model grass, Brachypodium distachyon.

Methods
We grew B. distachyon with five levels of Si supplementation using wild-type plants and a mutant (Bdlsi1-1) that has little capacity for Si uptake. Half of the plants were colonised by AM fungi; half were free of AM fungi. We measured Si accumulation, AM fungal colonisation, leaf carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations.

Results
AM fungi did not affect Si accumulation, although small increases occurred when root mass was included as a covariate. Si supplemented soil promoted plant growth and P uptake. Si accumulation suppressed colonisation by AM fungi and C concentrations in wild type but not in Bdlsi1-1 plants. Si concentrations were negatively correlated with C and N concentrations, with correlations being stronger in wild-type plants than Bdlsi1-1 plants.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that Si accumulation in the plant, rather than Si availability in the soil, underpinned reduced AMF colonisation. We propose that Si accumulation is unlikely to be impacted by AM fungi in plants with inherently high Si accumulation, but Si accumulation may suppress AM fungal colonisation in such plants.
Importance conditional sampling for Pitman–Yor mixtures
Authors: Canale Antonio , Corradin Riccardo , Nipoti Bernardo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNonparametric mixture models based on the Pitman–Yor process represent a flexible tool for density estimation and clustering. Natural generalization of the popular class of Dirichlet process mixture models, they allow for more robust inference on the number of components characterizing the distribution of the data. We propose a new sampling strategy for such models, named importance conditional sampling (ICS), which combines appealing properties of existing methods, including easy interpretability and a within-iteration parallelizable structure. An extensive simulation study highlights the efficiency of the proposed method which, unlike other conditional samplers, shows stable performances for different specifications of the parameters characterizing the Pitman–Yor process. We further show that the ICS approach can be naturally extended to other classes of computationally demanding models, such as nonparametric mixture models for partially exchangeable data.
Thromboembolic prevention and anticoagulant therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: updated clinical guidance from the anticoagulation forum
Authors: Barnes Geoffrey D , Burnett Allison , Allen Arthur , Ansell Jack , Blumenstein Marilyn , Clark Nathan P , Crowther Mark , Dager William E , Deitelzweig Steven B. , Ellsworth Stacy , Garcia David , Kaatz Scott , Raffini Leslie , Rajasekhar Anita , Beek Andrea Van , Minichiello Tracy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThromboembolism is a common and deadly consequence of COVID-19 infection for hospitalized patients. Based on clinical evidence pre-dating the COVID-19 pandemic and early observational reports, expert consensus and guidance documents have strongly encouraged the use of prophylactic anticoagulation for patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection. More recently, multiple clinical trials and larger observational studies have provided evidence for tailoring the approach to thromboprophylaxis for patients with COVID-19. This document provides updated guidance for the use of anticoagulant therapies in patients with COVID-19 from the Anticoagulation Forum, the leading North American organization of anticoagulation providers. We discuss ambulatory, in-hospital, and post-hospital thromboprophylaxis strategies as well as provide guidance for patients with thrombotic conditions who are considering COVID-19 vaccination.
Non-native plant species integrate well into plant-pollinator networks in a diverse man-made flowering plant community
Authors: Kovács-Hostyánszki Anikó , Piross Imre Sándor , Shebl Mohamed A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUrban green areas offer diverse flower resources for pollinators. Yet, the role of non-native plant species in local plant-pollinator networks is understudied. We explored the effects of plant origin, nationwide distribution, flower color and type on flower visitation by wild bees and honey bees as well as the structure of a plant-pollinator network in a botanical garden in Hungary. Honey bee preferred North American plants over Europeans; it had the highest degree and topological centrality value. The network had similar compactness with its simulated removal from the network model. The species richness and abundance of flower-visiting wild bees did not differ among the plants of different origins and flower color and type. Plant species of different origin, nationwide distribution, and flower color and type had the highest number of direct and indirect links. Our results suggest that non-native plant species can integrate well in diverse botanical gardens and wild bees can adopt these new foraging resources.
Promising Endophytic Alternaria alternata from Leaves of Ziziphus spina-christi: Phytochemical Analyses, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Elghaffar Rasha Y. Abd , Amin Basma H. , Hashem Amr H. , Sehim Amira E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFungal endophytes are considered one of the most important reservoirs of bioactive compounds which defeat resistant microbes. In our study, endophyticAlternaria alternatawas isolated fromZiziphus spina-christiand identified morphologically and genetically with accession number OM 331,682. Preliminary phytochemical screening of ethyl acetate (EA) crude extract ofA. alternatarevealed that this extract contains alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, and terpenoids. Moreover, the extract was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) which verified the presence of numerous bioactive compounds. Antimicrobial results illustrated that EA crude extract exhibited promising antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coliATCC 11229,Proteus vulgarisRCMB 004,Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 27853, andKlebsiella pneumoniaRCMB 003), Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilisRCMB 015,Staphylococcus aureusATCC 25923, andStaphylococcus epidermidisATCC 14990), and unicellular fungi (Candida albicansATCC 90028). Ultrastructure study of treatedK. pneumoniashowed remarkably elucidated destruction of the cell wall and cell membrane and leakage of cytoplasmic materials. Furthermore, the extract has potential antioxidant activity where IC50was 409 µg/mL. Moreover, this extract did not show any toxicity on Vero normal cell line. These findings confirmed that the endophyticA. alternatafromZ. spina-christiis a promising source of bioactive compounds which can be used in different biological applications.
Beauty: Synthesis of Intellect and Senses Commentary on the Biosemiotic Fundamentals of Aesthetics
Authors: Ireland Tim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn The Biosemiotic Fundamentals of Aesthetics: Beauty is the Perfect Semiotic Fitting Kull makes a foray into the concept of Beauty. His target article is a welcome contribution not only for providing a biosemiotic notion of beauty but also as a trigger for further enquiry into the matter. Additionally, Kull delivers a new concept: Semiotic Fitting, shining new light on the Umwelt theory. My commentary embraces the challenge Kull presents (that beauty is a semiotic problem). Offering an alternate view on beauty, as a matter, and product, of cognition, I suggest reflecting on the philosophy of Alexander von Baumgarten, who coined the term “aesthetics”, offers rich insight that could extend and enrich the definition of beauty Kull presents.
Global maize production, consumption and trade: trends and R&D implications
Authors: Erenstein Olaf , Jaleta Moti , Sonder Kai , Mottaleb Khondoker , Prasanna B.M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSince its domestication some 9,000 years ago, maize (Zea maysL.; corn) has played an increasing and diverse role in global agri-food systems. Global maize production has surged in the past few decades, propelled by rising demand and a combination of technological advances, yield increases and area expansion. Maize is already the leading cereal in terms of production volume and is set to become the most widely grown and traded crop in the coming decade. It is a versatile multi-purpose crop, primarily used as a feed globally, but also is important as a food crop, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, besides other non-food uses. This paper reviews maize production, consumption, and international trade to examine the changing trends in global supply and demand conditions over the past quarter century and the implications for research and development (R&D), particularly in the Global South. The inclusiveness and sustainability of the ongoing transformation of agri-food systems in the Global South merit particular attention. There is a need for further investments in R&D, particularly to enhance maize’s food and livelihood security roles and to sustainably intensify maize production while staying within the planetary boundaries.
Runtime bounds prediction for the Kemeny problem
Authors: Rico Noelia , Vela Camino R. , Díaz Irene 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe time required for solving the ranking aggregation problem using the Kemeny method increases factorially with the number of alternatives to be ranked, which prevents its use when this number is large. Exact algorithms use domain information to discard rankings as possible solution, thus saving runtime. The amount of rankings that can be discarded varies for each profile and cannot be known beforehand. For profiles of rankings with large number of alternatives, the amount of rankings discarded highly affects the feasibility of the computation of Kemeny ranking. How to identify the profiles that are more time-consuming when finding the Kemeny ranking is not trivial. In this work we propose the use of machine learning models to predict how difficult is to obtain the Kemeny ranking in terms of runtime. The results obtained are promising, with values of the area under the curve metric over 80%. Furthermore, it is possible to extract from the proposed models the characteristics of the profile of rankings that impact on the runtime.
Characterisation of Sweet potato collusive virus (SPCV) isolates from sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) in Australia
Authors: Sukal Amit C. , Dennien Sandra , Kidanemariam Dawit B. , Norkunas Karlah , Coleman Eric , Harding Robert M. , James Anthony P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSweet potato collusive virus (SPCV) is a member of the genus Cavemovirus, family Caulimoviridae, for which only one full-length genome sequence has been reported. SPCV was first detected in Australia in 2007 in two sweet potato accessions using the nitrocellulose membrane ELISA kit developed by the International Potato Centre (CIP). Infected plants were also shown to contain isometric virions of ~ 50 nm, typical of members of the genera Cavemovirus, Caulimovirus, Petuvirus and Soymovirus. We have now sequenced and characterised the complete genomes of the two SPCV isolates (designated SPCV-Aus1 and -Aus2) using a combination of next-generation sequencing and PCR/Sanger sequencing. The sequences of both isolates encode three major ORFs with a genome organisation typical of cavemoviruses. However, isolate SPCV-Aus2 possesses a considerably shorter genome length of 7275 bp compared to SPCV-Aus1 (7712 bp) and the only available full-length sequence from a Portuguese isolate (7723 bp; GenBank accession number NC_015328). Further, ORF 1 of SPCV-Aus2 is considerably shorter than the ORF 1 length of both SPCV-Aus1 and SPCV-Mad1. Phylogenetic and PASC analysis showed that SPCV-Aus1 is closely related to SPCV isolates from North and Central America, whereas SPCV-Aus2 clustered together with isolates from Portugal and Africa.
Evangelical Organizations’ Responses to Domestic Violence: How the Cultural Production of Religious Beliefs Challenges or Enshrines Patriarchy
Authors: Whitnah Meredith 
Published: May 2022

Background A significant body of research has established the central role of religion in creating and preserving cultural beliefs about gender. But existing studies have tended to focus more on the multiplicity and flexibility of religious beliefs about gender, and less on the ways in which the cultural production of varying religious beliefs about gender can involve active conflict. Attending to the institutional processes that shape the production of competing beliefs is important for considering how religion can challenge or enshrine patriarchy. Purpose This paper examines how religiously formed beliefs about gender are produced through organizational conflict to shape varying public responses to survivors of domestic violence. Methods The paper employs a qualitative, comparative research design to analyze the public discourse of two evangelical organizations that were founded to produce and promote two competing gender ideologies in the contemporary evangelical movement: complementarianism and egalitarianism. Analyzing the public discourse of the Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood and Christians for Biblical Equality from 1987 to 2018, I coded for the ways in which both their beliefs about creation, sin, and submission and their references to one another's ideologies shape their different attention to abused women's experiences. Results Christians for Biblical Equality both presents domestic violence as a distortion of God-ordained equality and critiques patriarchal theology for contributing to domestic violence. The Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood both presents domestic violence as a distortion of God-ordained male authority and defends their ideology against criticisms that it promotes abuse. This intersection of beliefs and organizational conflict results in either centering or pivoting away from abused women's experiences. Conclusions and Implications This study illustrates the importance of examining how the institutional processes that produce hegemonic and alternative religious belief systems about gender are marked by the negotiation of both organizational and gendered power. In making this argument, the paper contributes to our understanding of how religiously formed cultural belief systems can challenge or reinforce patriarchy.
Built and Social Environments, Environmental Justice, and Maternal Pregnancy Complications
Authors: Butler Brittney , Gripper Ashley , Linos Natalia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The Environmental Justice Movement centers on addressing inequitable distribution of environmental harms in marginalized communities. It has been commonly understood as the disproportionate concentration of environmental pollutants or hazards. As such, much of the work on environmental harms and maternal pregnancy complications have focused on environmental toxins. This scoping review surveyed the literature exploring the built and social environment factors and maternal pregnancy complications among racially marginalized women and highlights how an environmental justice framework can inform policy interventions for maternal health inequities caused by structural racism in built and social environments.

Recent Findings
The literature examining the association between neighborhood level built and social environment factors and maternal pregnancy complications in the last five years is sparse. When excluding environmental toxins, we identified 16 studies that fit our criteria of neighborhood-level environmental exposure, with the majority focused on built environment factors, specifically proximity to greenspace and food environment.

Summary
We identified a few important gaps and opportunities for future research in this area. First is a need to explore additional built environment elements. Secondly, extensive research is needed on the social environment. Third is a critical understanding to incorporate structural racism and cultural perspectives to better understand these relationships in minoritized populations and highlight the intersection between environmental hazards concentration and their structural causes. Finally, an environmental justice framework is critically needed in the interpretation and translation of this literature to inform policy solutions that can counteract the harms in racially marginalized communities and improve health.
One Health: areas in the living environment of people and animals and their effects on allergy and asthma
Authors: Zednik Katharina , Pali-Schöll Isabella 
Published: May 2022

SummaryBackgroundIn a world with rapidly increasing urbanization and loss of closeness to nature and biodiversity, the question arises to what extent our environment influences the health of people and animals. Moreover, in recent decades, the prevalence of respiratory diseases such as asthma and allergies has risen sharply. In this context, a direct link between the health of people and their environment seems plausible.ResultsRecent studies indicate that spending time in and being in contact with natural environments such as green spaces and associated soils is highly relevant to the health of people and companion animals. Green spaces in the environment of homes and schools of children and adults could contribute to the reduction of asthma and allergies. Especially the number and the structure of green spaces seems to be crucial. Home gardens and regular contact with animals can also reduce the risk of asthmatic and allergic diseases. In contrast, the increasing number of gray areas (roads, highways, construction sites, etc.) is likely to increase the risk of asthma and allergies. In the case of blue areas (rivers, lakes, sea), no correlation with atopic diseases has been found so far.ConclusionBiodiverse green spaces, especially forests and meadows, may offer some protection against asthma and allergies. Contact with soil and ground also seems important for the diverse skin microbiome, especially in childhood, and thus presumably beneficial for the immune system. Therefore, people and man’s best friend, the dog, should spend sufficient time in green, biodiverse environments, despite—or perhaps because—of rapid urbanization. People should also actively create such biodiverse surroundings in their closer living environment. On a broader level, in the spirit of the One Health concept, those responsible for city planning and transportation must take these connections into account.
Figuring out what is happening: the discovery of two electrophysiological phenomena
Authors: Bechtel William , Vagnino Richard 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearch devoted to characterizing phenomena is underappreciated in philosophical accounts of scientific inquiry. This paper develops a diachronic analysis of research over 100 years that led to the recognition of two related electrophysiological phenomena, the membrane potential and the action potential. A diachronic perspective allows for reconciliation of two threads in philosophical discussions of phenomena—Hacking’s treatment of phenomena as manifest in laboratory settings and Bogen and Woodward’s construal of phenomena as regularities in the world. The diachronic analysis also reveals the epistemic tasks that contribute to establishing phenomena, including the development of appropriate investigative techniques and concepts for characterizing them.
Efforts to curb the proliferation of small arms and light weapons: from persistent crisis to norm failure?
Authors: Wisotzki Simone 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMore than 20 years since its negotiation in 2001, the UN Program of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA) is failing to fulfill the expectations of states and civil society alike. Considering the absolute numbers of military and civilian possession, the aim of tackling the illicit proliferation of small arms and light weapons (SALW) in “all its aspects” is currently likely to fail. Studies show that civilian ownership has increased dramatically since 2006. The estimated stocks of SALW in sub-Saharan Africa are 11 million state-owned SALW and 40 million SALW in the hands of civilians. Legal arms exports between states remain another source. This article seeks to identify the different facets of the continuous crisis of SALW control by relying on a global governance perspective as well as on norm research in international relations. The sources of illicit SALW proliferation are manifold and often exceed the capabilities of arms control and disarmament. The present article focuses on the external and internal dimensions for the crisis of illicit SALW proliferation. However, when looking at the internal dimension of the SALW crisis, the UNPoA itself is also partly to blame for the inadequate and ineffective arms control and disarmament efforts. This gloomy picture is exacerbated by statistics indicating that the numbers of newly manufactured SALW are still growing more rapidly than worldwide disarmament efforts. It is more important than ever to ensure that prescriptive norms are translated into everyday practical political and social realities to meet the needs of people struggling with the dire consequences of illicit SALW proliferation.
Unpacking the function(s) of discourse markers in academic spoken English: a corpus-based study
Authors: Farahani Mehrdad Vasheghani , Ghane Zahra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDiscourse markers can have various functions depending on the context in which they are used. Taking this into consideration, in this corpus-based research, we analyzed and unveiled quantitatively and qualitatively the functions of four discourse markers in academic spoken English. To this purpose, four discourse markers, i.e., “I mean,” “I think,” “you see,” and “you know,” were selected for the study. The British Academic Spoken English (BASE) corpus was used as the data gathering source. To detect the discourse markers, concordance lines of the corpus were carefully read and analyzed. The quantitative analysis demonstrated that from among the four discourse markers, “you know” and “you see” were the most and the least frequent ones in the corpus, respectively. In line with the quantitative analysis, the qualitative analysis of the concordance lines demonstrated that there were various functions with regard to each of the four discourse markers. The findings of this study can have implications in fields such as corpus-based studies, genre analysis, and contrastive linguistics.