bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why do acute healthcare staff engage in unprofessional behaviours towards each other and how can these behaviours be reduced? A realist review protocol
Authors: Maben Jill , Aunger Justin Avery , Abrams Ruth , Pearson Mark , Wright Judy M , Westbrook Johanna , Mannion Russell , Jones Aled 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionUnprofessional behaviours encompass many behaviours including bullying, harassment and microaggressions. These behaviours between healthcare staff are problematic; they affect people’s ability to work, to feel psychologically safe at work and speak up and to deliver safe care to patients. Almost a fifth of UK National Health Service staff experience unprofessional behaviours in the workplace, with higher incidence in acute care settings and for staff from minority backgrounds. Existing analyses have investigated the effectiveness of strategies to reduce these behaviours. We seek to go beyond these, to understand the range and causes of such behaviours, their negative effects and how mitigation strategies may work, in which contexts and for whom.Methods and analysisThis study uses a realist review methodology with stakeholder input comprising a number of iterative steps: (1) formulating initial programme theories drawing on informal literature searches and literature already known to the study team, (2) performing systematic and purposive searches for grey and peer-reviewed literature on Embase, CINAHL and MEDLINE databases as well as Google and Google Scholar, (3) selecting appropriate documents while considering rigour and relevance, (4) extracting data, (5) and synthesising and (6) refining the programme theories by testing the theories against the newly identified literature.Ethics and disseminationEthical review is not required as this study is a secondary research. An impact strategy has been developed which includes working closely with key stakeholders throughout the project. Step 7 of our project will develop pragmatic resources for managers and professionals, tailoring contextually-sensitive strategies to reduce unprofessional behaviours, identifying what works for which groups. We will be guided by the ‘Evidence Integration Triangle’ to implement the best strategies to reduce unprofessional behaviours in given contexts. Dissemination will occur through presentation at conferences, innovative methods (cartoons, videos, animations and/or interactive performances) and peer-reviewed journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021255490.
Decursin ameliorates carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis by facilitating ferroptosis of hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Que Renye , Cao Mengxing , Dai Yancheng , Zhou Yi , Chen Yirong , Lin Liubing 
Published: July 2022

Decursin possesses the potential to alleviate transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation. However, the mechanisms by which decursin alleviates hepatic fibrosis remain not fully understood. Our aim is to explore the function of decursin on regulating HSCs’ activation and hepatic fibrosis. The anti-fibrotic effect of decursin was evaluated by Masson and Sirius red staining, and immunohistochemical (IHC) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses for alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type I (Col1α1) expression. Ferroptosis was assessed by measuring iron concentration, glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2) expression, glutathione (GSH) level, lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. We found that decursin treatment decreased carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis. The primary HSCs isolated from decursin-treated group showed an increased Fe2+, lipid ROS level, and decreased Gpx4 and GSH levels compared with HSCs from the model group. Moreover, decursin promoted ferroptosis in activated HSCs in vitro, as evidenced by declined Gpx4 and GSH levels, increased Fe2+, ROS, and Ptgs2 levels compared with control. More important, ferroptosis inhibitor destroyed the anti-fibrosis effect of decursin on HSCs. In summary, these data suggest that decursin has potential to treat hepatic fibrosis.
Comprehensive theoretical investigation of electronic, structural, optical, elastic, and thermodynamic properties of orthorhombic SrTa2O6 compound
Authors: Erzen Mehmet , Aycibin Murat , Akkus Harun 
Published: July 2022

The structural, optical, dynamic, elastic, and thermodynamical properties of orthorhombic SrTa2O6 were computed using density functional theory via two computation codes, namely Wien2k and ABINIT. The findings reveal that SrTa2O6 is a wide bandgap semiconductor with 4.6 eV using the TB-mBJ approximation. The results of bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, anisotropy factors, and Debye's temperature were obtained and discussed in detail. Moreover, The ductile behavior and structural stability mechanism were also explained.
Non-Abelian T-duality of $$AdS_{d\le 3}$$ families by Poisson-Lie T-duality
Authors: Eghbali Ali , Naderi Reza , Rezaei-Aghdam Adel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe proceed to investigate the non-Abelian T-duality of $$AdS_{2}$$

A
d

S
2

, $$AdS_{2}\times S^1$$

A
d

S
2

×

S
1

and $$AdS_{3}$$

A
d

S
3

physical backgrounds, as well as the metric of the analytic continuation of $$AdS_{2}$$

A
d

S
2

from the point of view of Poisson-Lie (PL) T-duality. To this end, we reconstruct these metrics of the AdS families as backgrounds of non-linear $$\sigma $$
σ
-models on two- and three-dimensional Lie groups. By considering the Killing vectors of these metrics and by taking into account the fact that the subgroups of isometry Lie group of the metrics can be taken as one of the subgroups of the Drinfeld double (with Abelian duals) we look up the PL T-duality. To construct the dualizable metrics by the PL T-duality we find all subalgebras of Killing vectors that generate subgroup of isometries which acts freely and transitively on the manifolds defined by aforementioned AdS families. We then obtain the dual backgrounds for these families of AdS in such a way that we apply the usual rules of PL T-duality without further corrections. We have also investigated the conformal invariance conditions of the original backgrounds (AdS families) and their dual counterparts. Finally, by using the T-duality rules proposed by Kaloper and Meissner (KM) we calculate the Abelian T-duals of BTZ black hole up to two-loop by dualizing on the coordinates $$ \varphi $$
φ
and t. When the dualizing is implemented by the shift of direction $$\varphi $$
φ
, we show that the horizons and singularity of the dual spacetime are the same as in charged black string derived by Horne and Horowitz without $$\alpha '$$

α
′

-corrections, whereas in dualizing on the coordinate t we find a new three-dimensional black string whose structure and asymptotic nature are clearly determined. For this case, we show that the T-duality transformation changes the asymptotic behavior from $$AdS_3$$

A
d

S
3

to flat.
Modification of the mean free path of very high-energy photons due to a relativistic deformed kinematics
Authors: Carmona J. M. , Cortés J. L. , Relancio J. J. , Reyes M. A. , Vincueria A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUltra-high-energy physics is about to enter a new era thanks to the impressive results of experiments such as the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory, detecting photons of up to $$1.4\times 10^{15}$$

1.4
×

10
15

eV (PeV scale). These new results could be used to test deviations with respect to special relativity. While this has been already explored within the approach of Lorentz Invariance Violation theories, in this work we consider, for the first time, modifications due to a relativistic deformed kinematics (which appear in Doubly Special Relativity, or DSR, theories). In particular, we study the mean free path of very high-energy photons due to electron-positron pair creation when interacting with low-energy photons of the cosmic microwave background. Depending on the energy scale of the relativistic deformed kinematics, present (or near future) experiments can be sensitive enough to be able to identify deviations from special relativity.
A Scalable Systolic Accelerator for Estimation of the Spectral Correlation Density Function and Its FPGA Implementation
Authors: Li Xiangwei , Maskell Douglas L. , Li Carol Jingyi , Leong Philip H. W. , Boland David 
Published: July 2022

The spectral correlation density (SCD) function is the time-averaged correlation of two spectral components used for analyzing periodic signals with time-varying spectral content. Although the analysis is extremely powerful, it has not been widely adopted in real-time applications due to its high computational complexity. In this article, we present an efficient FPGA implementation of the FFT accumulation method (FAM) for estimating the SCD function and its alpha profile. The implementation uses a linear systolic array with a bi-directional datapath consisting of DSP-based processing elements (PEs) with a dedicated instruction schedule, achieving a PE utilization of 88.2%.
The 128-PE implementation achieves a clock frequency in excess of 530 MHz and consumes 151K LUTs, 151K FFs, 264 BRAMs, 4 URAMs, and 1,054 DSPs, which is less than 36% of the logic fabric on a Zynq UltraScale+ XCZU28DR-2FFVG1517E RFSoC device. It has a modest 12.5W power consumption and an energy efficiency of 4,832 MOPS/W, which is 20.6× better than the published state-of-the-art GPU implementation. In terms of throughput, it achieves 15,340 windows/s (15,340 windows/s × 2,048 samples/window = 31.4 MS/s), which is a 4.65× improvement compared to the above-mentioned GPU implementation and 807× compared to an existing hybrid FPGA-GPU implementation.
Instability Mode and Control Technology of Surrounding Rock in Composite Roof Coal Roadway under Multiple Dynamic Pressure Disturbances
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhang Nong , Kan Jiaguang , Xu Xingliang , Cui Guangzhen 
Published: July 2022

In view of the problems of composite roof coal roadway under multiple dynamic pressure disturbances such as strong stratification, large deformation of the roadway surrounding rock, and poor safety and reliability, this paper analyzed the deformation and instability characteristics of composite roof coal roadway under different influencing factors using numerical simulation and expounded the stress distribution pattern of composite roof coal roadway under multiple dynamic pressure disturbances. The geological conditions of gas control roadway in the 22301 working face of Tunlan coal mine are taken as examples, and this study is carried out based on the analysis of roof instability conditions of composite roof coal roadway. The progressive crack development characteristics in composite roof coal roadway and the instability failure mode of surrounding rock under multiple dynamic pressure disturbances were revealed, and the control mechanism and support scheme were put forward. According to the result, it is difficult to form a stable bearing rock beam due to the occurrence characteristics of the weak interlayer of the composite roof. The deflection of the roadway roof and the extent of the plastic zone are negatively correlated with the distance from the soft rock layer to the roadway but positively correlated with the thickness of the soft rock layer. As the lateral pressure coefficient

λ

increases, the plastic zone of the roadway surrounding rock first decreases and then increases. With the increasing influence of dynamic pressure, the coal roadway with composite roof suffers from greater damage under the superposition of high ground stress, lateral abutment pressure, and advance abutment pressure, which is characterized by significant zonal failure of the roof and asymmetric failure of surrounding rock. The control method of high-strength thick

anchorage
+
differential

support

can construct the thick layer stable rock beam of the roof and equivalent support of the side, realizing continuous stress transfer and geometrically coordinated deformation. The support scheme was finally applied to the on-site industrial test, and the mine pressure monitoring results showed that the deformation of the roadway surrounding rock was effectively controlled under the new support scheme.
Trends in the Use of Face Coverings in Publicly Accessible Spaces During the COVID-19 Pandemic, King County, Washington, November 2020–May 2021
Authors: Tolentino Lorenzo , Guthrie Brandon , Baker Marissa G. , Beck Nicola K. , Chan Nadine , Duchin Jeffrey S. , Gomez Anthony , Simckes Maayan , Wasserman Cathy , Cohen Martin A. , Wasserheit Judith N. 
Published: July 2022

Objectives: Appropriate face covering use at public venues can help mitigate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the absence of widespread vaccination and provide protection when viral variants become more infectious. The objective of this study was to evaluate compliance with a statewide face mask mandate by examining trends in face covering use in publicly accessible spaces in King County, Washington. Methods: From November 27, 2020, through May 11, 2021, we conducted a repeated cross-sectional observational study of face covering use across publicly accessible venues (eg, grocery and convenience stores, airport, transit center, post office). Trained observers recorded perceived sex, estimated age group, and face covering use. We calculated estimates of overall face covering use and prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% CIs. Results: We observed 9865 people in 53 unique venues during 229 observation intervals during 6 observation periods. Correct face covering use was 87.2% overall and lowest at semi-outdoor venues such as transit hubs (78.1%) and the pick-up curb of Seattle–Tacoma International Airport (69.0%). Correct face covering use was lowest among men (PR = 1.42; 95% CI, 1.27-1.58) and among people aged 2-11 years (PR = 2.74; 95% CI, 2.37-3.17) and 12-17 years (PR = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.07-1.72). Compliance declined among adults aged ≥60 years and among younger age groups before vaccine eligibility. Conclusions: Overall compliance with the statewide face mask mandate in King County was high. Layered mitigation strategies, including but not limited to the use of face coverings, and methods to assess adherence to them are crucial to preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Is digitalisation of public health and social welfare services reinforcing social exclusion? The case of Russian-speaking older migrants in Finland
Authors: Buchert Ulla , Kemppainen Laura , Olakivi Antero , Wrede Sirpa , Kouvonen Anne 
Published: July 2022

Governments are rapidly digitalising public services to increase cost-effectiveness of the public sector. This study examines older migrants’ use of digital public health and social welfare services from the perspective of social exclusion. The study uses a mixed methods approach, drawing on representative survey data of Russian-speaking migrants in Finland and qualitative interviews with third-sector representatives who assist Russian-speaking migrants with digital service use. Our quantitative results show that a sizeable proportion of Russian-speaking older adults are excluded from digital services. In particular, those with lower socio-economic status, poor local language skills and without Finnish education are at higher risk of exclusion. Our qualitative results describe the multiple ways the exclusion from digital services intersects with other disadvantages in the everyday lives of Russian-speaking older adults. We argue that digitalisation of these services may foster social exclusion and endanger the realisation of these people's social rights.
Prevalence of left iliac vein compression in an asymptomatic population and patients with left iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis: A multicenter cross-sectional study in southern China
Authors: Zhu Qiaohua , Yang Lun , Zhu Huiyan , Kong Wei , Feng Ruizhi , Luo Jun , Chen Minming , Wu Dehua , Yu Qirong , Zhang Ruyan , Luo Meihua 
Published: July 2022

Objective Population-based epidemiological data on left common iliac vein (LCIV) compression is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of LCIV compression in an asymptomatic population and patients with left iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (IF-DVT). Materials and Methods Nonprobability sampling method was used in this multicenter cross-sectional study. The minimum diameter of LCIV and right common iliac vein minimum were measured. The percentage of LCIV compression (LCIV-CP) was calculated. Compression severity (CS) was classified as mild (CP ≤ 50%), moderate (50% < CP ≤ 70%), and severe (CP > 70%). Results In all, 896 subjects constituted the asymptomatic population and 93 patients constituted the IF-DVT population. In the asymptomatic population, LCIV-CP ranged from 1.1% to 89.9% (mean 44.0%), and people with mild, moderate, and severe CS accounted for 62.3%, 28.2%, and 9.5%, respectively. In the IF-DVT population, the mean LCIV-CP was 71.1% (range 42.2%–95.2%), and patients with severe CS accounted for 75.3%. Gender and age differences in LCIV-CP and CS distribution were observed in the asymptomatic population. Females, the young- and middle-aged group had higher LCIV-CPs. In the population with moderate-severe CS, the middle-aged group accounted for a larger proportion. Middle-aged females comprised the highest percentage of patients with moderate or severe CS. Sex and age affected the LCIV-CP and CS distribution. No gender and age differences were observed in the IF-DVT population. Conclusions LCIV compression is common in population. Middle-aged females are the predominant population with moderate-severe compression. Overlapping of LCIV-CP in the asymptomatic and IF-DVT population is significant and other risk factors should be integrated into the consideration when assessing the risk of IF-DVT secondary to LCIV compression.
Poststroke activity engagement in community dwellers: Association with illness perceptions and perceived environment
Authors: Shi Yun , Howe Tsu-Hsin , Halpin Peter F , Wu Bei 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate whether individuals’ poststroke activity engagement is associated with their perceptions of stroke, as well as their perceptions of physical and social environment.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingParticipants were recruited from eight rehabilitation settings in Beijing, China.ParticipantsA total of 202 dyads of community dwellers with stroke and their primary caregivers.Main MeasuresActivity engagement measured by the Assessment of Life Habits; stroke individuals’ and caregivers’ illness perceptions measured by the Stroke-Specific Illness Perceptions Questionnaire – Revised; and stroke individuals’ perceived social and physical environment measured by the Social Support Survey and abbreviated Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale.ResultsA total of 202 dyads of individuals with stroke and their caregivers participated in the study with mean ages of 61.3 (8.3) and 52.6 (11.6), respectively. On average, stroke individuals scored 7.61 (1.42) on the daily activities subscale, indicating that they completed personal level activities without assistance but with some difficulty. They scored 6.21 (2.21) on the social roles subscale, suggesting that individuals completed societal level activities with assistive devices and with some difficulty. Illness perceptions correlated significantly with personal level activity engagement (change in R-squared = 0.029; p = 0.049), and perceived accessibility and heterogeneity correlated significantly with societal level activity engagement (change in R-squared = 0.025; p = 0.011).ConclusionsPoststroke activity engagement is associated not only with stroke individuals’ performance skills but also with their perceptions of stroke, and how they perceive their physical environment. The findings may assist clinicians’ decision making when developing comprehensive, targeted interventions for improving activity engagement and maximizing recovery after stroke.
Is Screen Addiction a Problem Among Rural School-Going Adolescents? A Cross-Sectional Study in South Karnataka
Authors: Johnson Avita Rose , Sridhar Pooja R. , Joseph Merlyn 
Published: July 2022

Background: Media, including mobile phones, computers, and social media, is a dominant force in the lives of adolescents, and has now penetrated the rural areas. Screen addiction (SA) is a pathological compulsive use of screen-based devices. Objectives: To estimate SA and its associated factors among school-going adolescents residing in a rural area in South Karnataka. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents (10-19 years) in 4 schools of Solur Hobli, Ramanagara district, using a structured questionnaire including physical activity, family, and academic stressors. SA was assessed using Tao’s Diagnostic Criteria for Internet Addiction. Depression was screened using Physical Health Questionnaire-9. Chi-square test and logistic regression were done for factors associated with SA. Results: Of the 335 adolescents, 20% felt preoccupied with screens, 8% felt restless, moody, and irritable when not using them, 26% used screen devices as a way of escaping problems or relieving irritable mood, 12% had depression, and 3.9% had SA. SA was significantly higher among depressed subjects (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.18 [1.48-18.13], P = .010), males (AOR = 12.54 [1.46-109.9], P = .021), adolescents who felt that their parents fought frequently (AOR = 4.21 (1.17-15.09), P = 0.027), and adolescents who did not participate in sports (AOR = 3.82 (confidence interval: 1.04-14.06], P = 0.044). Conclusion: While proportion of rural students with SA is still low, we need to prevent this from developing into a public health issue by recognizing SA and depression among students and develop targeted interventions to manage the same, including increasing awareness among teachers and students about SA and its link with depression.
The Esthetic Perception of Morphological Severity in Scaphocephalic Patients is Correlated With Specific Head Geometrical Features
Authors: Borghi Alessandro , Heutinck P. , Rodriguez-Florez N. , Koudstaal M. , Ruggiero F. , Ajami S. , Schievano S. , Jeelani N.U.O. , Dunaway D. 
Published: July 2022

Objective To investigate the relationship between perception of craniofacial deformity, geometric head features, and 3D head shape analyzed by statistical shape modeling (SSM). Patients A total of 18 unoperated patients with scaphocephaly (age  =  5.2  ±  1.1m)—6 were followed-up after spring-assisted cranioplasty (SAC) (age  =  9.6  ±  1.5m)—and 6 controls (age  =  6.7  ±  2.5m). Main Outcome Measures 3D head shapes were retrieved from 3D scans or computed tomography (CTs). Various geometrical features were measured: anterior and posterior prominence, take-off angle, average anterior and posterior lateral and horizontal curvatures, cranial index (CI) (cranial width over length), and turricephaly index (TI) (cranial height over length). SSM and principal component analysis (PCA) described shape variability. All models were 3D printed; the perception of deformity was blindly scored by 9 surgeons and 1 radiologist in terms of frontal bossing (FB), occipital bulleting (OB), biparietal narrowing (BN), low posterior vertex (LPV), and overall head shape (OHS). Results A moderate correlation was found between FB and anterior prominence (r  =  0.56, P < .01) and take-off angle (r  =  − 0.57, P < .01). OB correlated with average posterior lateral curvature (r  =  0.43, P < 0.01) similarly to BPN (r  =  0.55, P < .01) and LPV (r  =  0.43, P < .01). OHS showed strong correlation with CI (r  =   − 0.68, P < .01) and TI (r  =  0.63, P< .01). SSM Mode 1 correlated with OHS (r  =  0.66, p < .01) while Mode 3 correlated with FB (r  =   − 0.58, P < .01). Conclusions Esthetic cranial appearance in craniofacial patients is correlated to specific geometric parameters and could be estimated using automated methods such as SSM.