bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the internationalisation of China's agri‐food standards affect export quality upgrading?—Evidence from firm‐product‐level data
Authors: Wang Xuejun , Zhou Huiying , Su Dongmei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChina attaches importance to the development of standards in agri‐food sectors, especially the harmonisation of national standards with international standards. Our study matches agri‐food product standards and firm‐product customs data for the period from 2000 to 2015. We perform an empirical analysis using the ‘distance to the frontier’ model to identify the effects of the internationalisation of China's agri‐food product standards on the quality upgrading of firms' exported products. The results suggest that when Chinese standards are harmonised with international measures, there is a significant positive impact on quality upgrading. In addition, this international standards–quality relationship is nonmonotonic; that is, firm‐level products that are far from the quality frontier are more likely to upgrade quality in response to an increase in standards. Conversely, national standards have not demonstrated good trade performance and have no significant quality‐promoting effect on firms' export products. These results are robust to various checks. Moreover, the heterogeneous effects further suggest that the positive correlation between international standards and quality upgrading is even stronger for modified versions of international standards, in smaller‐sized firms and foreign‐invested firms. Finally, the quality upgrading effects of international standards induce an increase in both the extensive and the intensive margins of firms' exports.
Can mean platelet volume predicts renal outcome in acute on chronic kidney disease?
Authors: Tunca Onur , Kazan Sinan , Kazan Elif Dizen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the role of mean platelet volume (MPV) in predicting renal outcome in acute kidney injury (AKI) developing on pre‐existing chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsThe patients whose first hemodialysis program was initiated in our center were divided into two groups as those who were taken to the scheduled dialysis program after discharge and those who were not dialysis‐dependent. Groups were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, and laboratory parameters including MPV.ResultsA total of 288 patients were included in the study (scheduled dialysis = 162 patients, nondialysis dependent = 126 patients). High MPV was found to be an independent risk factor for scheduled dialysis programs in multivariable analyses (OR [95% CI]: 90.9 [6.3–1313.6], p: 0.001).ConclusionCKD patients with high MPV were more likely to be included in scheduled dialysis programs after an AKI attack. MPV is found to be an independent risk factor and a reliable predictor for a scheduled dialysis program.
Testosterone recovery therapy targeting dysfunctional Leydig cells
Authors: Garza Samuel , Papadopoulos Vassilios 
Published: September 2022

AbstractReduced serum testosterone affects millions of men across the world and has been linked to several comorbidities, metabolic dysfunctions, and quality of life changes. The standard treatment for testosterone deficiency remains testosterone replacement therapy. However, limitations on its use and the risk of significant adverse effects make alternative therapeutics desirable. Studies on the mechanisms regulating and synthesizing testosterone formation in testicular Leydig cells demonstrate numerous endogenous targets that could increase testosterone biosynthesis, which could alleviate reduced testosterone effects. Testosterone biosynthesis is facilitated by a conglomerate of cytosolic and mitochondrial proteins that facilitate cholesterol translocation into the mitochondria, the rate‐limiting step in steroidogenesis. An effective therapeutic approach would be required to increase endogenous testosterone formation by enhancing steroidogenesis in Leydig cells. Numerous ligands for steroidogenic proteins have been developed, which increase steroid hormone formation. However, off‐target effects on neurosteroid and adrenal steroid formation may limit their clinical use. First‐in‐class biologics, such as voltage‐dependent anion channel peptides and transplantation of induced human Leydig‐like cells offer advances in the development of specific strategies that could be used to enhance endogenous steroid formation in hormone deficient patients.
Monogamy as protection against COVID‐19?: Non‐monogamy stigma and risk (Mis)perception
Authors: Conley Terri D. , Piemonte Jennifer L. , Shukla Ishita , Mangla Ananya , Mateti Nainika , Tariq Soha 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCOVID‐19 public health messages largely communicated that Americans were “safer at home.” Implicit in this advice are messages about protections ostensibly also offered by monogamy–that having more relationships is always more dangerous than having fewer relationships and that closer relationships are always safer–from a disease transmission perspective–than unfamiliar relationships. These heuristics may have led people to discount other COVID‐19 dangers (such as spending more time with others of unknown infection status) and to ignore COVID‐specific safety measures (such as mask‐wearing, and ventilation). We conducted three studies in which we used experimental vignettes to assess people's perceptions of COVID‐risky targets in monogamous relationships with a close, committed partner versus targets who were described as non‐monogamous with casual partners but relatively COVID‐safe. Participants perceived monogamous‐but‐COVID‐riskier targets as more responsible and safer from COVID‐19. Non‐monogamy stigma seems to extend analogously to COVID‐19 risk. Public health messages that fail to attend to the specifics and nuances of close relationships risk contributing to this stigma and ultimately undermining the goals of reducing the spread of infectious disease.
Bottom‐associated phytoplankton bloom and its expansion in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Shiozaki Takuhei , Fujiwara Amane , Sugie Koji , Nishino Shigeto , Makabe Akiko , Harada Naomi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhytoplankton production in the Arctic Ocean is increasing due to global warming‐induced sea ice loss, which is generally assessed through satellite observations of surface chlorophyll. Here we show that a diatom bloom can occur near the seafloor rather than at the surface in the open Arctic Ocean. Light can reach the seafloor underlying nutrient‐rich bottom water after the spring bloom because the surface water becomes oligotrophic and increases transparency in the region of shallow Arctic shelf. Our microcosm experiment demonstrated that diatoms formed a bloom when sediments on the shelf region, which contained abundant viable diatom cells, were exposed to even weak light reaching the seafloor (~1% of the surface irradiance). Repeated shipboard observations in the shelf region suggested that such bottom‐associated blooms occurred occasionally and the primary production was significantly underestimated by satellite observations. The average bottom irradiance (2003–2017) in the Arctic Ocean is particularly promoted in summer in the eastern East Siberian Sea and the Foxe Basin, which were ice‐covered throughout the year until the 1990s. Our results imply that hidden bottom‐associated blooms are now widespread across the shallow Arctic shelf region.
The crisis of the postcolonial nation‐state and the emergence of alternative forms of statehood in the Horn of Africa
Authors: Matshanda Namhla Thando 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article contextualises the crisis of the nation‐state in Africa. It does so by foregrounding the ongoing crises of the state in the Horn of Africa as evidence of the broader challenges of statehood on the continent. The Horn of Africa is viewed as a region of conflict and instability. Yet, the dominant analyses have not considered that the region is at the forefront of alternative imaginations of political community. This article proposes that rather than labelling the Horn of Africa as a zone of violent conflict, it might be more useful to think of it as a region that offers empirical alternatives to the postcolonial African nation‐state model. African statehood has been the subject of inquiry since African countries gained independence from colonial rule. However, analyses have been characterised by misdiagnoses of the problems facing African states. Deviations from what is viewed as the ‘model’ construct of the nation‐state are seen as aberrations and are viewed in pathological terms. These normative assessments of African statehood have misdiagnosed the situation and have been limited in their ability to pronounce on what lies beyond what we see as a crisis in modern African state formation. More than any other region on the continent, the Horn of Africa is actively redefining the meaning of statehood in the current African political milieu.
Effect of heating temperature and time on the formation of volatile organic compounds during reactions between linoleic acid and free amino acids or myofibrillar proteins
Authors: Zhou Tianming , Gao Haotian , Xing Baofang , Bassey Anthony , Yang Linwei , Li Chao , Li Chunbao 
Published: September 2022

SummaryLinoleic acid has been shown as a very important precursor for meat flavour and heating parameters may affect the reaction of linoleic acid with free amino acids (FAAs) or myofibrillar proteins (MPs) and the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study was aimed to identify the VOCs during heating of linoleic acid only or with FAAs and MPs for different times by gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry (GC‐IMS). Reaction systems were set up to simulate meat, and the transformation pathway of VOCs was tracked by GC‐IMS. Finally, sixty‐two VOCs were identified, of which the content of aldehydes, which had the greatest impact on the aroma of meat, reached the peak (15.94%) when heated to 60 min and then decreased. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the effect of heating temperature on the flavour of the system was much greater than that of heating time, and heating at 90 °C for 60 min might be considered to obtain the best flavour. The results showed that FAAs played a critical role in the formation of VOCs that were derived from the oxidation and thermal degradation of linoleic acid, controlling the composition of FAAs may further optimise the flavour of processed meat products.
Effects of hydrogen‐rich water on the nutritional properties, volatile profile and texture of germinated brown rice
Authors: Zhu Chuang , Yang Li , Nie Pan , Zhong Lingyue , Wu Yan , Sun Xiangjun , Song Lihua 
Published: September 2022

SummaryIn the present study, we investigated the effects of hydrogen‐rich water (HRW) on the germination efficiency, chemical composition, biofunctional and volatile compounds, and texture of germinated brown rice (GBR). Our results showed that HRW (1.5 mg L−1) treatment significantly increased the germination efficiency of GBR by changing the migration of water during soaking. A chemical composition analysis showed that HRW treatment changed the contents of some biofunctional compounds and volatile components; increased the contents of soluble dietary fibre, thiamine, niacin, γ‐aminobutyric acid, some amino acids and K, P, Mn and Fe; and decreased the contents of starch and Na of GBR compared with those of GBR treated with regular pure water. Moreover, HRW treatment also improved the texture of GBR due to the changes in the ultrastructure of the bran layer and the decrease in insoluble dietary fibre. In summary, HRW is suggested to be applied in the processing of GBR since it can increase germination efficiency and improve the nutritional and eating qualities of GBR.
Probiotic cells support alginate‐based edible film properties: study of optical, water barrier and antifungal characteristics
Authors: Wardana Ata Aditya , Wigati Laras Putri , Tanaka Fumina , Tanaka Fumihiko , Surono Ingrid S. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThere is growing interest towards the functional properties and health benefits of both probiotics and paraprobiotics. In this investigation, probiotic bacterial cells (viable and non‐viable Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IS‐10506) were incorporated into alginate‐(Alg) based edible films. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to confirm the presence of probiotic bacteria in the Alg matrix. The addition of probiotic cells (1 × 109 cells/mL) was found to improve the performance of Alg film such as light transmission by 67.04% and antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea by 49.54%. Although the addition of paraprobiotic cells can improve Alg film performance, particularly in terms of the water barrier property, which was confirmed with a series of assays (water vapour permeability (0.24 g.m/m2.h.Pa.109), hydrophobicity (67.08°) and atomic force microscopy (Ra = 5.94 nm, RMS = 7.22 nm)). Alg offered a compatible matrix for edible film containing probiotic bacteria. Alg‐L film may have potential applications for protecting food products from light, and fungal decay, and Alg‐D was suitable for the prevention of water loss from food.
Excitation expansion in the high‐energy UV region for Dy3+‐doped medium‐temperature molten silicate glass phosphors
Authors: Tian Chengyi , Li Miaomiao , Li Desheng , Chao Yaojie , Pun Edwin Yue Bun , Lin Hai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMedium‐temperature molten Dy3+‐doped silicate (LNKBAS) glass phosphors can be excited efficiently in the low‐energy ultraviolet region (UVA). To this end, the addition of sensitizers Sb3+ and Ce3+ expands the validly excitable wavelength of Dy3+ from 348 to 248 nm. Fluorescence spectra demonstrate the superposition effect of the sensitization in the high‐energy ultraviolet region (UVC), and the multiplicative effect of sensitization in the UVA and medium‐energy ultraviolet region (UVB) for Sb3+–Ce3+–Dy3+ tri‐doped LNKBAS glass phosphors. The chromaticity coordinate of LNKBASCe0.04Sb0.1Dy1.0 is (0.2725, 0.3031) at 248 nm excitation, and the sensitization coefficient of LNKBASCe0.04Sb0.2Dy1.0 reaches at 19.85 under 309 nm excitation. Static fluorescence photographs and dynamic fluorescence video reveal the excitation expansion and the multiplicative effect of sensitization to Dy3+ by adding sensitizers at a macroscopic level. In general, the ideal rare‐earth energy conversion in medium‐temperature molten silicate glass phosphors offers promising prospects for saving energy and manufacturing high‐quality optoelectronic devices.
Evolution of the facial skin microbiome during puberty in normal and acne skin
Authors: Schneider Andrea M. , Nolan Zachary T. , Banerjee Kalins , Paine Allison R. , Cong Zhaoyuan , Gettle Samantha L. , Longenecker Amy L. , Zhan Xiang , Agak George W. , Nelson Amanda M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe composition of the skin microbiome varies from infancy to adulthood and becomes most stable in adulthood. Adult acne patients harbour an ‘acne microbiome’ dominated by specific strains ofCutibacterium acnes.However, the precise timing of skin microbiome evolution, the development of the acne microbiome, and the shift to virulentC. acnesstrain composition during puberty is unknown.ObjectivesWe performed a cross‐sectional pilot study in a paediatric population to understand how and when the skin microbiome composition transitions during puberty and whether a distinct ‘acne microbiome’ emerges in paediatric subjects.MethodsForty‐eight volunteers including males and females, ages 7–17 years, with and without acne were enrolled and evaluated for pubertal development using the Tanner staging criteria. Sebum levels were measured, and skin microbiota were collected by sterile swab on the subject's forehead. DNA was sequenced by whole genome shotgun sequencing.ResultsA significant shift in microbial diversity emerged between early (T1‐T2) and late (T3‐T5) stages of puberty, coinciding with increased sebum production on the face. The overall relative abundance ofC. acnesin both normal and acne skin increased during puberty and individualC. acnesstrains were uniquely affected by pubertal stage and the presence of acne. Further, an acne microbiome signature associated with uniqueC. acnesstrain composition and metabolic activity emerges in late puberty in those with acne. This uniqueC. acnesstrain composition is predicted to have increased porphyrin production, which may contribute to skin inflammation.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the stage of pubertal development influences skin microbiome composition. As children mature, a distinct acne microbiome composition emerges in those with acne. Understanding how both puberty and acne influence the microbiome may support novel therapeutic strategies to combat acne in the paediatric population.
Effects of Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) oil and extrusion process conditions on physicochemical properties of fortified omega‐3 fibrous high moisture meat analogs
Authors: Prasert Waraporn , Pantoa Thidarat , Chitisankul Wanida T. , Pengpinij Worapol 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHigh‐moisture meat analogs (HMMA) fortified with omega‐3 from Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) oil were developed using Box–Behnken design and response surface methodology (RSM), with oil content (X1) 5–9%, screw speed (X2) 320–380 rpm, and feed moisture content (X3) 55–75%. Results showed that adding oil reduced the pasting properties and water absorption index of the ingredients. On tearing, HMMA showed a parabolic fibrous pattern. Increasing screw speed at low moisture content resulted in a darker product, while increased oil and feed moisture content gave a softer texture, with screw speed at lowest feed moisture content producing the opposite result. HMMA produced at high screw speed presented numerous micro‐porous structures. Increased oil content significantly decreased cooking yield, while oil added at up to 9% produced 1.33 g omega‐3/100 g HMMA.Novelty impact statement

Balancing oil addition and extrusion process conditions produced the desired HMMA fortified with omega‐3.

Increased oil and feed moisture content caused soft HMMA, while screw speed at different feed moisture levels impacted microstructural alignment.

Sacha inchi oil added at up to 9% gave 1.33 g omega‐3/100 g HMMA.
Familial autoimmunity in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Che Weng Ian , Westerlind Helga , Lundberg Ingrid E. , Hellgren Karin , Kuja‐Halkola Ralf , Holmqvist Marie E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundFamilial associations can be indicators of shared genetic susceptibility between two diseases. Previous data on familial autoimmunity in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are scarce and inconsistent.ObjectivesTo investigate which autoimmune diseases (ADs) may share genetic susceptibility with IIM, we examined the familial associations between IIM and different ADs.MethodsIn this Swedish population‐based family study, we assembled 7615 first‐degree relatives (FDRs) of 1620 patients with IIM and 37,309 relatives of 7797 matched individuals without IIM. Via register linkages, we ascertained rheumatoid arthritis, other rheumatic inflammatory diseases (RIDs), multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), coeliac disease (CeD) and myasthenia gravis among the FDRs. We estimated the familial association between IIM and each AD using conditional logistic regression and performed subgroup analyses by kinship.ResultsPatients with IIM had significantly higher odds of having ≥1 FDR affected by other RIDs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–1.78) and greater odds of having ≥2 FDRs affected by CeD (aOR = 3.57, 95% CI 1.28–9.92) compared to the individuals without IIM. In the analyses of any FDR pairs, we observed familial associations for other RIDs (aOR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.14–1.56), IBD (aOR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.02–1.41), AITD (aOR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.02–1.19) and CeD (aOR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.08–1.74) while associations for other ADs were not statistically significant.ConclusionThe observed familial associations may suggest that IIM shares genetic susceptibility with various ADs, information that may be useful for clinical counselling and guiding future genetic studies of IIM.
Scientific, poetic, and philosophical clarity
Authors: McGuiggan James Camien 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhat is it to be clear? And will that question have the same answer in science, poetry, and philosophy? This paper offers a taxonomy of clarity, before focusing on two notions that are pertinent to the notions of clarity in science, poetry, and, in particular, philosophy. It argues that “scientific clarity,” which is marked by its reliance on technical terms, is, though often appropriate, not the only way in which something can be clear. In particular, poetry entirely eschews technical terms—but can nonetheless be crystal clear. Poetry achieves this clarity by sensitivity to the richness of language: rhythm, ambiguity, and so on. The paper argues that some philosophy uses language in this same way to achieve its philosophical ends. Accordingly, we should allow that this is a legitimate philosophical method and should not judge the clarity of such philosophy by the standards of scientific clarity.
Signals triggering prophage induction in the gut microbiota
Authors: Henrot Caroline , Petit Marie‐Agnès 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCompared to bacteria of the gut microbiota, bacteriophages are still poorly characterised, and their physiological importance is far less known. Temperate phages are probably a major actor in the gut, as it is estimated that 80% of intestinal bacteria are lysogens, meaning that they are carrying prophages. In addition, prophage induction rates are higher in the gut than in vitro. However, studies on the signals leading to prophage induction have essentially focused on genotoxic agents with poor relevance for this environment. In this review, we sum up recent findings about signals able to trigger prophage induction in the gut. Three categories of signals are at play: those originating from interactions between intestinal microbes, those from the human or animal host physiology and those from external intakes. These recent results highlight the diversity of factors influencing prophage induction in the gut, and start to unveil ways by which microbiota composition may be modulated.
Imperial nationalism as the driver behind Russia's invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Kuzio Taras 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe roots of Russia's invasion of Ukraine are to be found in two areas. The first is the revival of Tsarist imperial nationalist and White Russian émigré nationalist denials of the existence of Ukraine and Ukrainians. Russian imperial nationalists believe the eastern Slavs constitute a pan Russian nation of Great Russians, Little Russians and White Russian branches of one Russian nation. The second is the cult of the Great Patriotic War and Joseph Stalin and the revival of Soviet era discourse on Ukrainian Nazis (i.e., nationalists). A Ukrainian nationalist in the Soviet Union and Vladimir Putin's Russia is any Ukrainian who seeks a future for his/her country outside the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and Russian World and who upholds an ethnic Ukrainian (rather than a Little Russian) identity. The Russian World is the new core of the Eurasian Economic Union, Russian President Vladimir Putin's alternative to the EU's Eastern Partnership. In the contemporary domain, Ukrainian nationalists are Nazi's irrespective of their language preference or political beliefs and if they do not accept they are Little Russians. Putin's invasion goal of denazification is a genocidal goal to eradicate the ‘anti‐Russia’ that has allegedly been nurtured by Ukrainian nationalists and the West.