bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scapular force: Couple ratios in healthy shoulders – An observational study reflecting typical values
Authors: Briel Sonia , Olivier Benita , Mudzi Witness 
Published: August 2022

Background: Scapular stability is primarily maintained through the action of the scapular stabilisers and not through bony stability. The values of the force couple ratios of the scapular stabilisers remain largely unknown.Objectives: To determine typical scapular force couple strength ratios in the pain-free shoulders of healthy female and male participants.Methods: This was a quantitative cross-sectional study. The muscle strength of the serratus anterior upper and lower fibres, the upper, middle and lower trapezius and the rhomboids (in both shoulders) were determined in kilogram force (kgf) using a handheld dynamometer. The ratios of the force couples of the scapulae of both shoulders of the participants were calculated. Participants (both female and male) with healthy shoulders were recruited from the general public (a local university, schools, church groups and sport clubs). We mainly utilised descriptive analysis. Statistical significance was set at 5%.Results: Force couple ratios were as follows (means, with SD). Dominant arm in women: upper trapezius:lower trapezius 3.63 (0.97); serratus anterior lower fibres:lower trapezius = 1.97 (0.27); middle trapezius:serratus anterior upper fibres = 0.40 (0.10); serratus anterior lower fibres:rhomboids = 1.41 (0.21); lower trapezius:rhomboids = 0.74 (0.17). Dominant arm in men: upper trapezius:lower trapezius = 2.70 (0.72); serratus anterior lower fibres:lower trapezius = 2.15 (0.45); middle trapezius:serratus anterior upper fibres = 0.47 (0.12); serratus anterior lower fibres:rhomboids = 1.40 (0.31) and lower trapezius:rhomboids = 0.17 (0.6).Conclusion: Specific force couple strength ratios were determined, between and within the nondominant and the dominant arms of the shoulders of healthy women and men.Clinical implications: Scapular stability is mainly maintained through the optimal force couple balance of the scapular stabilisers.
Determining the management of pain in people with spinal cord injury by physiotherapists in South Africa
Authors: James Bernice , Mashola Mokgadi K. , Mothabeng Diphale J. 
Published: August 2022

Background: Pain after spinal cord injury (SCI) is common, and physiotherapy plays a pivotal role in alleviating pain for people with SCI.Objective: To determine the modalities that physiotherapists in South Africa use to treat SCI-related pain and the factors that guide the selection of treatment modalities.Method: A quantitative, cross-sectional design using a self-developed online survey was distributed to physiotherapists belonging to the South African Society of Physiotherapy and the Physiotherapy Association of South Africa. Data were analysed using SPSS v26, where descriptive data were analysed using frequency, percentages, means and standard deviations, and Fisher’s exact tests for inferential analyses. Open-ended questions underwent thematic analysis.Results: Forty-six responses were received. The most-used modalities were transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (29.8%), exercises (27.7%) and joint mobilisations (29.8%). Most physiotherapists used standardised measurements to objectively assess pain characteristics, with the visual analog scale being the most used (70.2%). Except for the cost of treatment, the factors that guided the selection of the modalities included the pain type, onset, duration, location and intensity, pain interference, duration of treatment, patient’s preferences, other treatments that the patient was receiving for pain and psychosocial factors (87.2%).Conclusions: Local physiotherapists use pain management modalities that are supported by the evidence to treat SCI-related pain.Clinical implications: This study highlights the common modalities used by physiotherapists to treat SCI-related pain, as well as the selection criteria for the modalities. Owing to the low response rate, we caution against generalising these findings across the SCI pain management field.
Targeted laser photocoagulation of larger capillary aneurysms with rim in diabetic macular edema
Authors: Sagar Pradeep , Biswal Suchitra , Shanmugam P Mahesh , Ravishankar H. N. , Pawar Rashmi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This is a retrospective series of five eyes of four cases with diabetic macular edema (DME) secondary to large capillary aneurysms. Larger capillary aneurysms were identified noninvasively based on the presence of white rim in color photograph. On optical coherence tomography (OCT), the larger capillary aneurysms were seen as vertically oval structures with heterogeneous lumen and hyperreflective margin. Two of the four eyes were treated with intravitreal therapy with poor response before considering laser photocoagulation. In one eye, laser photocoagulation was considered as primary therapy in view of the poor response to intravitreal therapy in the fellow eye. In one eye, intravitreal steroid with prompt laser was considered. In one eye, laser was considered as primary therapy. Complete obliteration of the capillary lumen was noted on OCT in all the five eyes after laser photocoagulation. Complete resolution of macular edema was noted in all the five eyes with no recurrence over a follow-up period of 4–18 months. DME secondary to larger capillary aneurysms responds well to targeted laser photocoagulation. These larger capillary aneurysms can be identified on clinical examination and color photograph by the presence of white rim and can be confirmed on OCT.
Extraction and Fractionation of the Seaweed Sargassum plagyophylum and Evaluation of Fractions on Depression Induced by Interferon Alpha in Mice
Authors: Mesripour Azadeh , Gholamzadeh Ehsan , Yegdaneh Afsaneh 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Marine organisms such as seaweeds, produce potent chemicals with characteristic biological features. Sargassum species have great potential to be used for neuronal protection as part of nutraceuticals. The aim was to investigate the effects of hexane and methanol extracts of Sargassum plagyophylum from the Persian Gulf on depression induced by interferon-α (IFNa) in mice.

Materials and Methods:

S. plagyophylum was extracted by maceration with methanol-ethyl acetate solvent (1:1). The extract was evaporated and partitioned by hexane and methanol solvents. Male mice were used, depression was induced by SC injecting IFNα (16 × 10 5
IU/kg) for 6 days. Animals were subject to the forced swimming test (FST) after the locomotor test, on day 7. The extracts were administered IP either one single dose (acute) before the test, or simultaneously with IFNα (sub-acute).

Results:
The locomotor activity was not different from control values. IFNa increased the immobility time during FST (140 ± 14 s vs. control group 95 ± 9 s, P < 0.05). Hexane extract acute (40 mg/kg) injection was not effective while its sub-acute (20 mg/kg) injection reduced immobility time (46 ± 8 s, P < 0.001 vs. IFNa alone). Methanol extract acute (20 mg/kg) and sub-acute (20 mg/kg) administration significantly reduced immobility during the FST (78 ± 20 s, and 72 ± 8 s respectively, P < 0.05 vs. IFNa alone).

Conclusion:

S. plagyophylum has antidepressant effects, the hexane extract could prevent depression while the methanol extract not only prevented but also treated depression induced by IFNa in mice. Since this species is abundant in the Persian Gulf further clinical studies on its psychological effects are warranted.
Correlation of Presence and Severity of Thrombocytopenia with Types and Severity of Malaria
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Kumar Ajay , Panwar Parshika , Kant Ravi 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Malaria is a major public health problem in India. Malaria is commonly associated with thrombocytopenia, but its significance is not well established. A prospective study was conducted to correlate the presence and severity of thrombocytopenia with types and severity of malaria.

Material and Methods:
This prospective observational study was performed in the Department of General Medicine at a tertiary care center of north India from January 2019 to June 2020. A total of 100 adult patients found positive for malaria parasites on peripheral smear examination were enrolled for the analysis.

Results:
The incidence of thrombocytopenia was seen in 80% of total malaria patients. There was a significant (P = 0.0001) association of severity of thrombocytopenia with symptoms and signs of malaria except for rigor. There was no significant (P > 0.05) association of severity of thrombocytopenia with age. There was a significant (P = 0.003) association of severity of thrombocytopenia with M antigen. The analysis of variance showed that there was a significant (P = 0.0001) difference in Lung Function Test (LFT) and Kidney Function Test (KFT) parameters with severity of thrombocytopenia; whereas in blood parameters, only red blood cell counts were associated significantly with the severity of thrombocytopenia.

Conclusion:
Thrombocytopenia is a frequent overall manifestation of both falciparum and vivax malaria. Severe thrombocytopenia is identified in all age groups, commonly in males, and increases the risk of death from falciparum or vivax malaria, particularly in those with concurrent severe anemia. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of malaria reduces the complications and adverse outcomes of the disease.
Influence of Insulation Stand-Off Membranes and Moisture Drainage on the Corrosion Under Insulation Behavior of Out-of-Service Carbon Steel Piping
Authors: Rana Ahmad Raza Khan , AlChaar Omar , Umer Jamal , Dromby Camille , Nader Marino , Brigham Graham , Jarjoura George 
Published: August 2022

Corrosion under insulation (CUI) is reported as being the driver behind the majority of failures in thermally insulated process piping and poses significant maintenance expenditures and service interruptions. Small-bore pipes are more prone to failure from CUI due to their lower wall thickness and lower surface area in comparison to larger diameter pipes. This research work simulates the CUI behavior of small-bore piping over a 12-month period in outdoor settings to mimic the out-of-service conditions in an industrial field setting. For this, two sets of assemblies were made which comprised fibrous stone wool insulations applied over the carbon steel coupons with and without stand-off membranes and low-point drain. Both assemblies were presoaked via submerging in water and tested in outdoor conditions for 12 months followed by insulation removal and detailed characterizations. Corrosion behaviors of steel coupons were studied using weight loss, pit depth measurement, surface profile topography, and scanning electron microscopy, whereas chemical compositions of the corrosion products were investigated using x-ray diffraction. Corrosion rates derived from mass loss data were compared with those calculated using the semi-quantitative risk-based inspection method. The kinetics behind the formation of various corrosion products are also discussed. The stand-off membranes and low-point drain resulted in the reduced time of wetness (i.e., moisture exposure time) that in turn resulted in the domination of lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) along with reduced uniform metal loss rate and reduced pit depth in comparison to conventional closed-contact insulation system.
Retrieving ice-nucleating particle concentration and ice multiplication factors using active remote sensing validated by in situ observations
Authors: Wieder Jörg , Ihn Nikola , Mignani Claudia , Haarig Moritz , Bühl Johannes , Seifert Patric , Engelmann Ronny , Ramelli Fabiola , Kanji Zamin A. , Lohmann Ulrike , Henneberger Jan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Understanding the evolution of the ice phase within mixed-phase clouds (MPCs) is necessary to reduce uncertainties related to the cloud radiative feedback in climate projections and precipitation initiation. Both primary ice formation via ice-nucleating particles (INPs) and secondary ice production (SIP) within MPCs are unconstrained, not least because of the lack of atmospheric observations. In the past decades, advanced remote sensing methods have emerged which provide high-resolution data of aerosol and cloud properties and could be key in understanding microphysical processes on a global scale. In this study, we retrieved INP concentrations and ice multiplication factors (IMFs) in wintertime orographic clouds using active remote sensing and in situ observations obtained during the RACLETS campaign in the Swiss Alps. INP concentrations in air masses dominated by Saharan dust and continental aerosol were retrieved from a polarization Raman lidar and validated with aerosol and INP in situ observations on a mountaintop. A calibration factor of 0.0204 for the global INP parameterization by DeMott et al. (2010) is derived by comparing in situ aerosol and INP measurements, improving the INP concentration retrieval for continental aerosols. Based on combined lidar and radar measurements, the ice crystal number concentration and ice water content were retrieved and validated with balloon-borne in situ observations, which agreed with the balloon-borne in situ observations within an order of magnitude. For seven cloud cases the ice multiplication factors (IMFs), defined as the quotient of the ice crystal number concentration to the INP concentration, were calculated. The median IMF was around 80, and SIP was active (defined as IMFs > 1) nearly 85 % of the time. SIP was found to be active at all observed temperatures (−30 to −5 ∘C), with the highest IMFs between −20 and −5 ∘C. The introduced methodology could be extended to larger datasets to better understand the impact of SIP not only over the Alps but also at other locations and for other cloud types.
Assessing flood hazard changes using climate model forcing
Authors: Callaghan David P. , Hughes Michael G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract. A modelling framework for using regional climate projections to assess
flooding hazard has been developed and applied to the Gwydir River
(catchment 26 600 km2 and floodplain 8100 km2), NSW, Australia.
The model framework uses NSW and ACT Regional Climate Modelling version 1.5
projections combined with computationally efficient hydrologic and hydraulic
models. Although it required model management and high-performance computing
resources, the modelling framework successfully processed 18 regional
climate projections into flood projections. Specifically, a six-member set
of climate model combinations simulating a historical period (1951–2005) and
a future period (2006–2100) under two global emission pathways (RCP4.5 and
RP8.5) were used to predict flood depth and speed. In total,
1470 continuous years were simulated at hourly time steps. These flood
(depth and speed) projections were analysed to assess the flood hazard
changes under future climate scenarios by estimating changes in the annual
probability of occurrence of a range of flood hazard classes. The six-member
ensemble indicates that the flood hazard in the Gwydir Valley will decrease in the
short, medium and long term. There are also cases within the ensemble, which
includes increases in all non-safe flood hazard classifications while
decreasing the safe flood hazard classification.
Tectonic evolution of the Indio Hills segment of the San Andreas fault in southern California, southwestern USA
Authors: Koehl Jean-Baptiste P. , Bergh Steffen G. , Sylvester Arthur G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Transpressional uplift domains of inverted Pliocene–Pleistocene basin fill
along the San Andreas fault zone in Coachella Valley, southern California
(USA), are characterized by fault linkage and segmentation and deformation
partitioning. The Indio Hills wedge-shaped uplift block is located in
between two boundary fault strands, the Indio Hills fault to the northeast
and the main San Andreas fault to the southwest, which merge to the
southeast. Uplift commenced about or later than 0.76 million years ago and
involved progressive fold and faulting stages caused by a change from
distributed strain to partly partitioned right-slip and reverse/thrust
displacement on the bounding faults when approaching the fault junction.
Major fold structures in the study area include oblique, right-stepping,
partly overturned en echelon macro-folds that tighten and bend into parallelism with
the Indio Hills fault to the east and become more open towards the main San
Andreas fault to the west, indicating an early and close relationship of the
macro-folds with the Indio Hills fault and a late initiation of the main San
Andreas fault. Sets of strike-slip to reverse step-over and right- and
left-lateral cross faults and conjugate kink bands affect the entire
uplifted area, and locally offset the en echelon macro-folds. Comparison with the
Mecca Hills and Durmid Hills uplifts farther southeast along strike in
Coachella Valley reveals notable similarities, but also differences in fault
architectures, spatial and temporal evolution, and deformation mechanisms.
The present work contributes to better understand the structure and tectonic
history of a major fault system along a transform plate boundary.
Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Anemia pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III di Puskesmas Latong Kecamatan Lubuk Barumun Kabupaten Padang Lawas
Authors: Rambe Kumala Sari 
Published: August 2022

Introduction : Anemia generally occurs throughout the world, especially in developing countries and in low socio-economic groups. Overall, anemia occurs in 45% of women in developing countries and 13% in developed countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with anemia in third trimester pregnant women Method : The design of this research is an analytic survey with a cross sectional approach. The population of this study amounted to 55 people and the sample in this study were all third trimester pregnant women. The data used is secondary data. Data analysis technique is univariate and bivariate with Chi-square test. Result : The results obtained from 55 respondents 27 anemic and 24 not anemic, based on the chi square test of adherence to consuming Fe tablets with anemia, p value = 0.021 < 0.05, parity relationship with anemia in third trimester pregnant women obtained p value = 0.006 < 0.05, the relationship between education and anemia in third trimester pregnant women obtained p value = 0.032 < 0.05 Conclusion : there is a relationship between adherence to consumption of Fe tablets, education, parity with anemia in third trimester pregnant women.
RETENÇÃO DE OBJETOS INTRACAVITÁRIOS EM PROCEDIMENTOS CIRÚRGICOS: MEDIDAS DE SEGURANÇA PROPOSTAS POR ENFERMEIROS ESPECIALISTAS
Authors: Treviso Patrícia , De Siqueira Mariana da Silva , Corso de Souza Andressa Zimmermann , Peralta Talitha , Pereira Marcia Cristina de Oliveira , Moriya Giovana Abrahão de Araújo 
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: descrever medidas propostas por enfermeiros especialistas em centro cirúrgico para reduzir o risco de retenção de objetos intracavitários em procedimentos cirúrgicos Método: estudo qualitativo. Dados oriundos de reunião científica realizada em 2019, acerca da retenção de objetos intracavitários. Participaram enfermeiros especialistas em CC, divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos. Indisponibilidade para participar da reunião na íntegra considerou-se critério de exclusão. Compuseram o corpus de dados: gravação da reunião e registros dos grupos. Procedeu-se análise temática. Seguiu-se Resolução nº 466/2012. Resultados: participaram 19 enfermeiros de seis estados brasileiros, maioria mulheres. Medidas propostas pelos participantes do estudo, visando diminuir a retenção de objetos intracavitários: promover educação permanente e multiprofissional; estabelecer e seguir boas práticas institucionais; seguir protocolo de cirurgia segura; atuar de forma integrada à equipe do serviço de esterilização; fazer uso de processos e tecnologias que contribuem para ampliar a segurança do paciente; realizar contagem de instrumental e material cirúrgico; fortalecer o trabalho interdisciplinar. Conclusão: medidas para reduzir a retenção de objetos intracavitários incluem educação permanente, trabalho interdisciplinar e multisetorial, seguimento de fluxos e protocolos que visem a segurança do paciente.
E-learning applications and their significance among students of the Department of Chemistry in the Faculty of Education for Pure Sciences – Ibn Al-Haytham
Authors: Al-Morshedi Ali Faleh Hani 
Published: August 2022

The objective of the current research is to identify: 1) Preparing a scale level for e-learning applications, 2) What is the relationship between the applications of e-learning and the students of the Department of Chemistry at the Faculty of Education for Pure Sciences/ Ibn Al-Haytham – University of Baghdad. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher used the descriptive approach because of its suitability to the nature of the study objectives. The researcher built a scale for e-learning applications that consists of (40) items on the five-point Likrat scale (I agree, strongly agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree). He also adopted the scale of scientific values, and it consists of (40) items on a five-point scale as well. The sample consisted of (200) male and female students from the Department of Chemistry at the Faculty of Education for Pure Sciences/ Ibn Al-Haytham - Phase Four – Morning Study. The psychometric properties of the instruments were verified from face and structure validity and Reliability in a manner of internal consistency, and the researcher used the following statistical means: (T-test of one sample, T-test of two independent samples, Chi-squared test, Pearson correlation coefficient, equation of Cronbach’s alpha).
PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays SACCHARATA STURT) VARIETAS PARAGON AKIBAT PERLAKUAN JARAK TANAM DAN JUMLAH BENIH
Authors: Kantikowati Endang , Karya  , Iqfini Husnul Khotimah  
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jarak tanam dan jumlah benih terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) Varietas Paragon. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Sukamulya, RT 01 RW 11, Desa Cikoneng, Kecamatan Ciparay, Kabupaten Bandung, Provinsi Jawa Barat. pada bulan Agustus sampai dengan bulan November 2021. Daerah ini terletak pada ketinggian ±700 meter diatas permukaan laut,dengan pH tanah 6,46. Curah hujan rata-rata adalah 2.598,4 mm/tahun ,termasuk curah hujan tipe B2 berdasarkan klasifikasi Oldeman. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola faktorial dengan tiga ulangan dan terdiri dari dua faktor perlakuan. Faktor pertama adalah jarak tanam (j1 = 75 x 20 cm, j2 = 75 x 40 cm, j3 = 50 x 25 x 100 cm) dan faktor kedua adalah jumlah benih (b1 = 1 benih, b2 = 2 benih, b3 = 3 benih). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terjadi interaksi antara jarak tanam dan jumlah benih terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis (Zea mays sacharata Sturt) varietas paragon. Perlakuan jarak tanam (j1) memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman dan perlakuan jumlah benih (b3) memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap bobot tanaman per petak.
Kata kunci: jagung manis, jarak tanam, jumlah benih,varietas paragon, hasil