bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trapezoid bioequivalence: A rational bioavailability evaluation approach on account of the pharmaceutical‐driven balance of population average and variability
Authors: Soufsaf Sara , Nekka Fahima , Li Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAmong the current approaches for the analysis of bioequivalence, the average bioequivalence (ABE) is limited only to the mean bioavailability, whereas the population bioequivalence (PBE) criterion aggregates both mean and variance in a general comparison formula. However, a rational bioequivalence criterion capable of judging specific drug considerations is always still preferred. As an alternative approach, we introduce an aggregate criterion, namely, the trapezoid bioequivalence (TBE), which includes the consideration of both mean and variance of the bioavailability and adapted weighting of a drug's therapeutic properties. We first applied our method to specific simulated scenarios to compare the strengths and weaknesses of current bioequivalence approaches and demonstrate the improvements brought by TBE. As well, the impact of sample size and variability on ABE, PBE, and TBE are assessed using a population pharmacokinetic model of methylphenidate. Our results indicate that TBE inherits the advantages of both ABE and PBE while greatly reducing their inadequacies. Through simulations with population pharmacokinetic models of specific scenarios, we confirm that (1) TBE does not encounter the overly permissiveness issue of PBE, (2) TBE respects the hierarchy to ABE (TBE => ABE), and (3) TBE assesses bioequivalence with a restriction on without an increase to type 2 errors. The clinically inspired simulations demonstrate TBE’s superiority in a realistic context and its potential usefulness in practice. Moreover, the parameter choice in TBE may be adapted according to the specific context of a drug's pharmacological and pharmacodynamic properties.
Universal Quantum Multi‐Qubit Entangling Gates with Auxiliary Spaces
Authors: Liu Wen‐Qiang , Wei Hai‐Rui , Kwek Leong‐Chuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUniversal quantum entangling gates are a crucial building block in the large‐scale quantum computation and quantum communication, and it is an important task to find simple ways to implement them. Here an effective quantum circuit for the implementation of a controlled‐NOT (CNOT) gate is constructed by introducing a non‐computational quantum state in the auxiliary space. Furthermore, the method is extended to the construction of a general n‐control‐qubit Toffoli gate with qubit–qudit gates and single‐qudit gates. Based on the presented quantum circuits, the polarization CNOT and Toffoli gates with linear optics are designed by operating on the spatial‐mode degree of freedom of photons. The proposed optical schemes can be achieved with a higher success probability and no extra auxiliary photons are needed.
Humanistic science education: Updating our collective consciousness and offering fresh consideration
Authors: Southerland Sherry A. , Settlage John 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe introduce a set of three essays devoted to Humanistic Science Education, an approach to science teaching and learning built around the premise that science is a human endeavor, with its own culture, values, knowledge, and practices. This portrayal of science emphasizes the need to contextualize science for students and to assist them in connecting science with other aspects of their lives. We describe how Humanistic Science Education is a promising approach given this particularly difficult juncture in our history and provide some timely examples of recent work that embodies this approach.
The barriers and drivers of environmental management accounting practices' adoption in developed and developing countries for sustainable development
Authors: van der Poll Huibrecht Margaretha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBarriers and drivers of environmental management accounting practices' (EMAPs) adoption were compared between developed and developing countries. This may assist to promote adoption of EMAPs by targeting and overcoming applicable barriers while promoting drivers that are specific to their circumstances, leading to sustainable development ultimately. Methodology: A qualitative, six‐step systematic literature review (SLR) using ATLAS.ti 8 were employed. Four interdependent theories (institutional, contingency, legitimacy, and stakeholder) framed the SLR. Findings: developed countries have strong institutions that exert institutional isomorphic pressure on organisations to adopt EMAPs while developing countries with weaker institutions are hindered by low isomorphic pressure. Moreover, mimetic, and normative forces and contingent factors played a greater role in the adoption of EMAPs in developed countries, less important for developing countries. The findings may inform management who would want to enhance the environmental performance and sustainable development of their organisations and furthermore assist policymakers in developed and developing countries as they pursue environmental sustainability which is key to attaining the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs) and Africa's Agenda 2063. Past studies investigated drivers and barriers in different countries however they did not distinguish between developed and developing countries. Since developed and developing countries have unique circumstances, this distinction exposes the different barriers and drivers.
Resonance Couplings in Si@MoS2 Core–Shell Architectures
Authors: Hinamoto Tatsuki , Lee Yea‐Shine , Dereshgi Sina Abedini , DiStefano Jennifer G. , dos Reis Roberto , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Aydin Koray , Fujii Minoru , Dravid Vinayak P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHeterostructures of transition metal dichalcogenides and optical cavities that can couple to each other are rising candidates for advanced quantum optics and electronics. This is due to their enhanced light–matter interactions in the visible to near‐infrared range. Core–shell structures are particularly valuable for their maximized interfacial area. Here, the chemical vapor deposition synthesis of Si@MoS2 core–shells and extensive structural characterization are presented. Compared with traditional plasmonic cores, the silicon dielectric Mie resonator core offers low Ohmic losses and a wider spectrum of optical modes. The magnetic dipole (MD) mode of the silicon core efficiently couples with MoS2 through its large tangential component at the core surface. Using transmission electron microscopy and correlative single‐particle scattering spectroscopy, MD mode splitting is experimentally demonstrated in this unique Si@MoS2 core–shell structure. This is evidence for resonance coupling, which is limited to theoretical proposals in this particular system. A coupling constant of 39 meV is achieved, which is ≈1.5‐fold higher than previous reports of particle‐on‐film geometries with a smaller interfacial area. Finally, higher‐order systems with the potential to tune properties are demonstrated through a dimer system of Si@MoS2, forming the basis for emerging architectures for optoelectronic and nanophotonic applications.
Study on Structural Changes of Starches with Different Amylose Content during Gelatinization Process
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Zhang Hongchao , Chen Fangfang , Tong Peijin , Cao Wenming , Jiang Yuanrong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA thorough understanding of structural changes during gelatinization is extremely important for precise control of starch functional properties for food processing and human nutrition. Here five starches with different amylose content between 1.06% and 63.08% are selected to reveal the relationship between the structural changes and amylose content during starch gelatinization by Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) in conjunction with a protocol using the rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA) to generate material for analysis. The results show that the high‐amylose starch has stronger resistance to gelatinization, and its long‐range order structure is more stable which is consistent with the conclusion that certain residual crystallinity remains after gelatinization. Meanwhile, the destruction of short‐range order structure is not significant compared with that in low‐amylose starch when the temperature reaches the pasting temperature. These phenomena are related to the fact that the high‐content amylose promotes the formation of the amylose‐lipid complex during the gelatinization by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The presence of the amylose‐lipid complex can restrain the swelling of starch granules and maintain their molecular structure during heating.
Reliability‐based recommendations for EN1992 carbonation cover design of concrete with coarse recycled concrete aggregates
Authors: Albuquerque António , Pacheco João , de Brito Jorge 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch argues in favor of using recycled aggregates in structural concrete. However, lack of specific clauses in standards for recycled aggregate concrete design hinders the use of recycled aggregate concrete by the industry. Recycled aggregate concrete‐specific design clauses are hindered because conventional research must be complemented with experiments directed towards stochastic modeling, so that reliability concepts may evaluate whether the probabilities of failure of design comply with the expectations of Society or whether specific design rules are needed. This article compares the within‐batch variability of carbonation under accelerated conditions of four natural aggregate concrete and four analogue recycled aggregate concrete mixes and analyses the reliability of Eurocode 2 cover design for carbonation exposure. In general, the incorporation of coarse recycled concrete aggregates worsened the mean durability behavior of concrete, including resistance to carbonation. However, the variability of carbonation depth was not meaningfully affected by the recycled aggregates used (coarse recycled aggregates produced from concrete waste) and the reliability of concrete cover design only decreased due to the effect of the recycled aggregates on the mean resistance to carbonation. A 5 mm increase of concrete cover was found to more than offset the detrimental influence of full incorporation of recycled aggregates on the reliability of concrete cover design.
Tanshinone IIA‐regulation of IL‐6 antagonizes PM2.5‐induced proliferation of human bronchial epithelial cells via a STAT3/miR‐21 reciprocal loop
Authors: Xie Wenjing , Ling Min , Xiao Tian , Fan Zi , Chen Dongya , Tang Meng , Bian Qian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractParticulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), a component of atmospheric particulate matter, leads to changes in gene expression and cellular functions. Epidemiological evidence confirms that PM2.5 has a positive correlation with lung injury. However, the molecular mechanisms involved remain poorly understood, and preventive methods are needed. In the present study, with human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells in culture, we showed that low concentrations of PM2.5 resulted in acceleration of the G1/S transition and cell proliferation. Consistent with these effects, expression of the pro‐inflammatory factor interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) was elevated in HBE cells exposed to PM2.5. Accordingly, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was activated, which down‐regulated expression of cyclin D1. In addition, PM2.5 exposure led to higher levels of miR‐21, and there was a reciprocal loop between miR‐21 and STAT3. For HBE cells, tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) reversed the PM2.5‐induced cell cycle alteration and cell proliferation, and reduced the expression of cytokines (IL‐6, STAT3, and miR‐21). These results show that, for HBE cells, Tan IIA attenuates the PM2.5‐induced G1/S alteration and cell proliferation, and indicate that it has potential clinical application for PM2.5‐induced respiratory injuries.
circ_0008797 attenuates non‐small cell lung cancer proliferation, metastasis, and aerobic glycolysis by sponging miR‐301a‐3p/SOCS2
Authors: Abuduwaili Kahaerjiang , Zhu Xiaodan , Shen Yanli , Lu Suqiong , Liu Chunling 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeThis paper firstly reported the exact function of circ_0008797 on non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression.MethodsNSCLC tissues/matched normal tissues were harvested from 88 NSCLC patients. RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization experiment was applied to detect circ_0008797 localization in NSCLC cells. circ_0008797 effect on NSCLC cells proliferation, migration, invasion, glucolysis, and apoptosis was researched by cell counting kit‐8 assay, 5‐ethynyl‐2'deoxyuridine assay, Transwell experiment, glycolysis assay, and TUNEL assay. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay, RNA pull‐down assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were used to verify the binding relationship between two genes. In vivo tumorigenesis and lung metastasis was performed using nude mice. Quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and western blot were applied for genes expression detection. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed on lung tissues.Resultscirc_0008797 was low expressed in NSCLC tissues and cell lines, associating with poor outcome (p <.05). circ_0008797 was mainly expressed in NSCLC cells cytoplasm. circ_0008797 inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, and glycolysis, but enhanced apoptosis of NSCLC cells (p <.05). circ_0008797 attenuated malignant phenotype of NSCLC cells by sponging miR‐301a‐3p. circ_0008797 facilitated SOCS2 expression by sponging miR‐301a‐3p. SOCS2 knockdown partially reversed the inhibitory effect of miR‐301a‐3p inhibition on NSCLC cells malignant phenotype (p <.05). circ_0008797 attenuated NSCLC prolifearion and metastasis in vivo (p <.05).Conclusioncirc_0008797 attenuates NSCLC proliferation, metastasis and aerobic glycolysis by sponging miR‐301a‐3p/SOCS2.
Hsp70 overexpression in Drosophila hemocytes attenuates benzene‐induced immune and developmental toxicity via regulating ROS/JNK signaling pathway
Authors: D'Souza Leonard Clinton , Dwivedi Shiwangi , Raihan Faiza , Yathisha Undiganalu Gangadharappa , Raghu Shamprasad Varija , Mamatha Bangera Sheshappa , Sharma Anurag 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBenzene, a ubiquitous environmental chemical, is known to cause immune dysfunction and developmental defects. This study aims to investigate the relation between benzene‐induced immune dysfunction and developmental toxicity in a genetically tractable animal model, Drosophila melanogaster. Further, the study explored the protective role of Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) against benzene‐induced immunotoxicity and subsequent developmental impact. Drosophila larvae exposed to benzene (1.0, 10.0, and 100.0 mM) were examined for total hemocyte (immune cells) count, phagocytic activity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and their developmental delay and reduction were analyzed. Benzene exposure for 48 h reduced the total hemocytes count and phagocytic activity, along with an increase in the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), and lipid peroxidation in the larval hemocytes. Subsequently, JNK‐dependent activation of the apoptosis (Caspase‐3 dependent) was also observed. During their development, benzene exposure to Drosophila larvae led to 3 days of delay in development, and ~40% reduced adult emergence. Hsp70‐overexpression in hemocytes was found to mitigate benzene‐induced oxidative stress and abrogated the JNK‐mediated apoptosis in hemocytes, thus restoring total hemocyte count and improving phagocytotic activity. Further, hsp70‐overexpression in hemocytes also lessened the benzene‐induced developmental delay (rescue of 2.5 days) and improved adult emergence (~20%) emergence, revealing a possible control of immune cells on the organism's development and survival. Overall, this study established that hsp70‐overexpression in the Drosophila hemocytes confers protection against benzene‐induced immune injury via regulating the ROS/JNK signaling pathway, which helps in the organism's survival and development.
Cover Image
Authors: Wang Shaoming , Feng Samuel F. , Bornstein Aaron M. 
Published: March 2022

The cover image is based on the Advanced Review Mixing memory and desire: How memory reactivation supports deliberative decision‐making by Shaoming Wang, Samuel F. Feng, and Aaron M. Bornstein., https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1581. Image credited to Stephanie F. Scholz
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Significance of bone morphology and quality on the primary stability of orthodontic mini-implants: in vitro comparison between human bone substitute and artificial bone
Authors: Chhatwani Sachin , Kouji-Diehl Ouafaa , Kniha Kristian , Modabber Ali , Hölzle Frank , Szalma Jozsef , Danesh Gholamreza , Möhlhenrich Stephan Christian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aim
This study evaluated artificial bone models against a human bone substitute to assess the primary stability of orthodontic mini-implants (OMIs) at varying implant sites with different morphologies and qualities.

Materials and methods
A total of 1200 OMI placements of four types were inserted into four artificial bone models of different density (D1, D2, D3, D4) and into a human bone substitute (HB). The implants varied in diameter (2.0 and 2.3 mm) and length (9 and 11 mm). Each specimen had four implant sites: no defect, one-wall defect, three-wall defect, and circular defect. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) values were measured using resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and insertion placement torque values (IPT) were assessed for primary stability. Correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the different models.

Results
The highest IPT value was registered for the 2.0 mm × 11 mm implant inserted into D1 with no defect (37.53 ± 3.02 Ncm). The lowest ISQ value was measured for the 2.3 mm × 9 mm OMI inserted into D3 with a circular defect (12.33 ± 5.88) and the highest for the 2.3 mm × 9 mm implant inserted into HB with no defect (63.23 ± 2.57). A strong correlation (r = 0.64) for IPT values and a very strong correlation (r = 0.8) for ISQ values was found between D2 and HB.

Conclusion
Bone defects and bone quality affected the primary stability of implants in terms of ISQ and IPT values. Results for bone model D2 correlated very well with the HB substitution material.
Interventioneller Mitralklappenersatz
Authors: Andreas Martin , Mach Markus , Bartunek Anna , Goliasch Georg , Kellermair Jörg , Grund Michael , Simon Paul , Damian Ilinca , Kerbel Tillmann , Zierer Andreas 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie interventionelle Therapie der Mitralklappe stellt im Gegensatz zur Aortenklappenintervention eine größere Herausforderung dar. Die Therapie mittels Mitra-Clip zur Rekonstruktion der Mitralklappe wurde erstmals im Jahr 2003 durchgeführt und ist seit dem Jahr 2008 in Europa zugelassen. Die erste Implantation der einzig zugelassenen interventionellen Mitralklappe erfolgte im Jahr 2014, die Zulassung in Europa erfolge im Jahr 2020. Es befinden sich zahlreiche andere Klappensysteme in klinischer Prüfung und werden das Portfolio wahrscheinlich erweitern. In diesem Artikel werden die Indikation für diese neue Therapieform, die technische Umsetzung sowie die spezifischen Herausforderungen für die perioperative Betreuung besprochen.
Real-time monitoring of immediate drug response and adaptation upon repeated treatment in a microfluidic chip system
Authors: Zuieva Anastasiia , Can Suzan , Boelke Franziska , Reuter Stefanie , Schattscheider Sebastian , Töpfer Elfi , Westphal Anika , Mrowka Ralf , Wölfl Stefan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMicrofluidic tissue culture and organ-on-a-chip models provide efficient tools for drug testing in vivo and are considered to become the basis of in vitro test systems to analyze drug response, drug interactions and toxicity to complement and reduce animal testing. A major limitation is the efficient recording of drug action. Here we present an efficient experimental setup that allows long-term cultivation of cells in a microfluidic system in combination with continuous recording of luciferase reporter gene expression. The system combines a sensitive cooled luminescence camera system in combination with a custom build miniaturized incubation chamber. The setup allows to monitor time-dependent activation, but also the end of drug response. Repeated activation and recovery as well as varying durations of drug treatment periods can be monitored, and different modes of drug activity can be visualized.
COVID-19 pandemic–related adaptations of medical education in clinical pharmacology — impact on students and lecturers at a German university
Authors: Hafner Susanne , Zolk Oliver , Barth Holger 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn medical studies, pharmacology is a subject with a high teaching and study load. The COVID-19 pandemic–related switch to distance learning implies challenges for students and teachers. To identify changes of behavior, attitudes, and needs among students and teachers in clinical pharmacology during the pandemic, regular surveys were conducted at Ulm University, Germany. Overall, 884 students and 5 teachers answered the survey. Over time, students’ usage of learning materials in print form and further literature (textbooks, guidelines) constantly decreased. In turn, most students used digital materials provided via a learning management system. Attitudes and opinions of students and teachers significantly differed regarding (i) the benefit of certain teaching formats and learning materials, (ii) open-mindedness towards e-learning, and (iii) future visions. Most students and lecturers stated that they spent more time on study or teaching-related activities, respectively, and had less contact with fellow students or colleagues in comparison to pre-pandemic times. Furthermore, the subjective teaching load for most lecturers (80%) increased during the pandemic. To identify determinants of learning success, the survey data were correlated with students’ gradings in the written exams of clinical pharmacology. In the first online semester (summer term 2020), the use of paper-based learning scripts was correlated with better exam grades. No correlation with grade was found for any other learning materials. Age was inversely correlated with exam grading. Striking a balance between the future visions and needs of students and teachers implies a particular challenge for the educational system of the next years.