bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing sustainability knowledge for undergraduate students in different academic programs and settings
Authors: Briens Elysa C.M. , Chiu Yiwen , Braun David , Verma Priya , Fiegel Gregg , Pompeii Brian , Singh Kylee 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
As sustainability teaching and learning rises in importance, an increasing number of higher education institutions (HEIs) are assessing the effectiveness of their approach to sustainability education. However, most assessments fall short in determining the impacts of curriculum plans on learning outcomes. Therefore, this study aims to assess the impact of curricula on undergraduate sustainability knowledge and assess opportunities for improving sustainability education in HEIs.

Design/methodology/approach
A campus-wide survey deployed at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, (Cal Poly) solicited data identifying students’ sustainability knowledge score (SKS). The survey collected responses from undergraduate student groups enrolled in different curriculum plans under different academic settings.

Findings
This study reveals that Cal Poly honors students enrolled in a structured sustainability curriculum have significantly higher SKS than general students (i.e. nonhonors students) enrolled in random sustainability courses. Further, taking at least three sustainability-related courses significantly distinguishes SKS for general students. The results also show that SKS does not significantly differ across colleges, suggesting that additional sustainability education can benefit all students.

Originality/value
Findings of this study provide statistical evidence to justify institutional efforts to integrate sustainability into existing courses, with the minimum requirement of three sustainability-related courses to make an impact on SKS for the general student population. Such efforts could represent the first steps toward developing sustainability education at a HEI and improving sustainability learning outcomes.
Middle-class people imagining democratic attitudes: the Pakistani experience
Authors: Shah Naimatullah , Soomro Bahadur Ali 
Published: June 2022

PurposeMeasuring and understanding the dynamics of democracy as well as democratic attitudes of people have become a big challenge for every democratic state. The study proposes the investigation of middle-class peoples’ attitudes towards democracy in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs a deductive approach based on cross-sectional data from Pakistan’s middle-class people. The researchers use a survey questionnaire through a convenience sampling technique. Finally, the study utilizes 1854 samples to conclude the findings.FindingsThe evidence confirms that trust in public institutions and political engagement positively and significantly impact peoples’ democratic attitudes. In addition, the investigation witnessed the preference for democracy also supports understanding middle-class peoples’ democratic attitudes.Practical implicationsThe study would provide an endorsement for politicians of Pakistan to perceive the inclination of middle-class people towards democracy. The study would guide the researchers and policymakers and intellectualize the middle-class peoples’ opinions and attitudes. Moreover the study would support reflecting the public confidence in decision making and ability to deliver. Finally the study findings would contribute to the literature of political science and democracy to understand democratic attitudes mainly focusing on middle-class populations.Originality/valueThis study empirically confirms the Pakistani middle-class peoples’ attitudes towards democracy.
Navigating uncharted paths to the American professoriate: experiences of immigrant black female faculty
Authors: Tetteh Lilian Naa Obiorkor , Zaier Amani , Maina Faith 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
This study aims to examine the challenges of immigrant black female faculty (IBFFs) from Africa who have joined the American professoriate and also explore the cognitive processing behind student and staff perception and expectations of immigrant professors of color. This category of scholars faces the intersectional “triple bind” of being females, immigrants and people of color; as a result, they may encounter peculiar challenges in their professional practice. Hence, throwing light on their experiences will help advance robust supportive systems that are essential to promoting all-inclusive staff productivity and the internationalization drive of post-secondary institutions.

Design/methodology/approach
Through the narrative analysis approach, the authors capitalized on the life histories, perspectives and experiences of eight IBFFs from Africa serving in US universities to offer new insights into this group’s roles, difficulties and triumphs. In-depth interviews that lasted for about 1–2 h per participant were transcribed and key themes were analyzed.

Findings
The authors found that IBBFs face a couple of challenges in their quest to transition and serve in the American professoriate. Some of the identified challenges include labor market discrimination, discounting of academic work and credentials, unfair evaluation, cultural taxation and lack of supportive work environment.

Originality/value
While previous studies focused on challenges that black female faculty (BFF) face in joining academia, little is known about the academic voyage of IBBFs pursuing careers in higher education. The objective of this study is to address this gap and, by extension, broaden the discourse on equity, diversity and inclusion within the academic landscape.
Lee Kuan Yew’s role in minimising corruption in Singapore
Authors: Quah Jon S.T. 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis paper analyses the role of Lee Kuan Yew, Singapore’s first prime minister from June 1959 to November 1990, in minimising corruption by implementing a zero-tolerance policy toward corruption in Singapore.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on the analysis of Lee’s beliefs and the policies he introduced to curb corruption in Singapore.FindingsLee’s disdain for corruption and his beliefs in meritocracy and the importance of good leadership shaped his commitment to a zero-tolerance policy against corruption, which was enforced impartially and sustained in Singapore for the past 62 years.Originality/valueThis analysis of how Lee transformed Singapore into one of the least corrupt countries in the world would be of interest to policy-makers, practitioners and scholars concerned with minimising corruption in their own countries.
Managing employees’ performance in Indian public sector undertakings during COVID-19 pandemic-induced blended working
Authors: Sameer Sanjeet Kumar 
Published: June 2022

PurposeAcknowledging the significance of perceived organizational support (POS) for employees’ performance, this study aims to examine the underlying mechanism of task performance in a COVID-19 pandemic-induced blended working (TPBW) environment and the role of perceived usefulness of digitalization (PUDBW) in the process.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data collected from 204 managers of Indian public sector undertakings pursuing blended working for the first time were analyzed using structural equation modelling. A qualitative study on 31 such managers was also performed.FindingsAlthough employees perceived an improvement in POS, PUDBW and TPBW (during the COVID pandemic) in comparison to the pre-COVID time when traditional work design was operational, yet the improvement in task performance was not directly influenced by POS. POS had a positive effect on PUDBW, which in turn positively affected TPBW. PUD acted as a mediator. A negative moderation effect of POS on the relationship between PUDBW and TPBW was found.Practical implicationsFindings of the study may help organizations and policymakers to focus on key enablers, such as organizational support and relevant digital initiatives, for ensuring better task performance by their employees during a blended working environment, even in difficult times as the COVID-19 pandemic.Originality/valueThis study, for the first time, examined the proposed relationships in a new work setting of blended working and explained the underlying mediation and moderation mechanisms in their relationships.
In the Forefront and on the Margins: Jews, Secularism and Women's Liberation in Ontario and British Columbia, 1960s–1980s
Authors: Marks Lynne , Little Margaret 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article examines Jewish feminists in the British Columbia and Ontario women's movements, particularly among radical and socialist feminists. Feminists within these movements saw organised religion as patriarchal, hostile to the interests of women and thus to be rejected. Using archival and oral history sources, we argue that looking more closely at Jewish feminists within second‐wave feminism can help us to more clearly understand the nature of secularism in the women's movement, its implicit contradictions and unspoken Christian bias. Jewish feminists noted, for example, that Christian holidays such as Christmas or Easter could be seen as secular celebrations, while any celebration of Jewish heritage, even if it emerged from a very secular Jewish socialist culture, was suspect within secular feminist circles, and indeed could be denounced as an acceptance of patriarchy. We analyse the distinctive experiences of Jewish feminists as a minority community within an ostensibly secular women's movement. We argue that Jewish activist women, because of their liminal position within the movement, as both secular feminists and ethnic/religious other, could challenge and reveal the Christian roots of feminist secularism.
Facilitating Tacit Collusion Through Voluntary Disclosure: Evidence from Common Ownership
Authors: PAWLICZEK ANDREA , SKINNER A. NICOLE , ZECHMAN SARAH L. C. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTWe examine whether voluntary disclosure is associated with incentives for firms to collude. Public disclosure can facilitate collusion by aiding with coordination and monitoring for defections. Using common ownership (investors holding stock in competing firms) to identify reduced incentives to compete, we find a positive association between public disclosure and these incentives. We also find that common ownership is positively associated with measures of disclosure that are likely to facilitate tacit collusion and that this association is stronger in industries where collusion is easier. Our study expands the literature on disclosure and competition among firms by showing that public disclosure is positively associated with incentives for tacit collusion. This finding is consistent with managers facilitating anticompetitive outcomes using voluntary disclosure.
Increasing temperatures affect multiyear life cycle of the outbreak bush‐cricket Barbitistes vicetinus (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae)
Authors: Ortis Giacomo , Marini Lorenzo , Cavaletto Giacomo , Mazzon Luca 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough outbreaks of rare species are unusual, several insect species have become emerging pests probably due to the ongoing environmental changes. Barbitistes vicetinus was first described in 1993 as an endemic bush‐cricket of north‐east Italy and was considered rare until 2008, when it became an established pest, causing severe damages to forests and crops. The possible role of temperature in changing its life cycle has still to be fully understood. Here, we explored the effect of summer temperature on egg diapause and the effect of winter temperature on egg survival. Field observations showed that the proportion of embryos that can complete development at the end of summer ranged from zero to nearly 90% depending on summer temperatures. A substantial shift in the rate of development from 20% to nearly 80% occurred in a thermal range of about 1 °C. On the contrary, overwinter egg survival was high and constant (90%) across a wide range of winter temperatures that go well beyond both the cold and warm thermal limits of the current species range. Overall, the results suggest a potential key role of summer temperature warming on the outbreak propensity of this species that is able to switch from a multiyear to an annual life cycle with just a 1–2 °C warming.
Impact of mitotype diversity on metabarcoding biodiversity estimations in Insecta and Arachnida using different sample preparation strategies
Authors: Li Tian‐Chu , Miao Yun‐Heng , Wang Tao , Zu Guo‐Hao , Huang Da‐Wei , Xiao Jin‐Hua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDNA barcoding and metabarcoding have been increasingly used in species delimitation and species diversity assessment, respectively, and the molecular markers used in animals are mainly derived from mitochondrial DNA. It is well known that the phenomenon of multiple mitochondrial haplotypes within the same specimen (hereafter referred to as “mitotype diversity”) may have a negative impact on the proper assessment of biodiversity by metabarcoding. However, few studies have focused on the incidence of this phenomenon and its effects on metabarcoding results using different sample preparation strategies, such as mock community construction using pooled high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) data, DNA‐pooling and Tissue‐pooling. In this study, we investigated mitotype diversity and its influence on metabarcoding based on 398 specimens from 66 species of Insecta and 82 specimens from 16 species of Arachnida by HTS of the mitochondrial cox1 gene fragment. The results revealed that mitotype diversity was common in the studied taxa and significantly increased the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) using the three sample preparation strategies. The results also showed that the bioinformatics pipeline based on authentic amplicon sequence variants was more reliable than the pipeline based on OTUs. Regarding the sample preparation strategies of DNA‐pooling and Tissue‐pooling commonly used in metabarcoding, our results revealed that their results of metabarcoding were quite similar, and the Tissue‐pooling strategy was therefore preferred because of its simplicity. Our study calls for additional attention to the interference of mitotype diversity on the results of DNA metabarcoding in biodiversity assessment.
Measuring understorey vegetation structure using a novel mixed‐reality device
Authors: Gorczynski Daniel , Beaudrot Lydia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Most ecological studies of vegetation structure have relied on manual field measurements that are labour‐intensive and time‐consuming. Many current alternatives to classical measurements are expensive or difficult to transport to field settings.

Here we evaluated a new method for measuring understorey vegetation with a novel mixed‐reality, remote sensing device, the Microsoft HoloLens. We developed a vegetation sensing application called VegSense that allows the HoloLens user to control the device's environmental scanners to measure understorey vegetation. Using VegSense, we tested the ability of the Microsoft HoloLens relative to classical field measurements to (a) detect trees and saplings, (b) measure diameter at breast height (DBH), (c) detect individual understorey vegetation structures and (d) estimate understorey vegetation complexity replicating the rod‐transect method.

We found that VegSense performed well in detecting and measuring trees with a DBH of 17 cm or more and estimating vegetation complexity and performed moderately at detecting understorey vegetation.

Our results indicate that the HoloLens is a suitable alternative for multiple classical field measurements of understorey vegetation. This method costs much less than typical terrestrial LiDAR systems, and can facilitate efficient, high‐quality environmental data collection. Further software development has the potential to reveal additional ways in which this device can be harnessed for applications to ecology and evolution.
Old‐growth structural attributes associated with the last giant subtropical conifers in South America
Authors: Scipioni Marcelo Callegari , Higuchi Pedro , Fockink Guilherme Diego , Allen Craig D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGiant Araucaria trees in Brazilian Atlantic forests today are rare but remain critically important for structuring these ecosystems, providing unique and rare habitat elements that can serve as points of reference for their management. Old‐growth Araucaria trees, with their complex crowns and big trunk cavities, supply more important ecological services than smaller trees with simple crowns. Forest ecology managers lack information on the old‐growth structures of Brazilian Araucaria forest, their ecological importance and their potential societal values and uses. In this study, we investigated old‐growth attributes of Araucaria angustifolia and relate their wide structural variability to ecological management goals. In this study, we used currently available data on the last large old Araucaria trees, as well as our own new records, from large trees of 1.6–3.2 m diameter in the Araucaria forests in southern Brazil. In order to quantify the structural attributes of these remnant trees, their main trunks, any reiterated canopy trunks and trunk cavities were measured for diameters, heights and volumes. These old‐growth trees had an average height of 38.4 m, and total tree volumes ranged from 21.5 to 106.6 m3. The biggest reiterated trunk was 1.1 m in diameter and 17 m long, which is larger than most adult Araucaria trees. Number of cavities and number of reiterated trunks were all significantly related to the diameters of these large remnant Araucaria trees; both features are absent in Araucaria <50 cm in diameter. The maximum diameter and average length of reiterated trunks were correlated with the number and size of trunk cavities. Commercial wood values and uses are limited for all trees with main trunk diameters exceeding 1.5 m due to large internal cavities—however, these rare, relictual old‐growth structures are of high ecological value for the local fauna and flora.
Reading the present from the past in Hopkins, Belize
Authors: MOBERG MARK 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTThe site of Douglas Taylor's landmark study of Garifuna language and culture, Hopkins, Belize, occupies a prominent place in the cultural anthropology of Central America. Over 70 years, this Afro‐Caribbean community has been visited by a series of ethnographers whose synchronic “snapshots” have proved short‐lived. In 1971 the first anthropologist to return described emerging livelihoods that defied Taylor's predictions. My late‐1980s fieldwork revealed stratification from unequal access to an expanding agricultural export market. Returning 30 years later, I found that tourism had privileged residents with cultural capital rather than those with ties to farming. Hopkins today is almost unrecognizable from its past portrayals, yet a close reading of earlier texts reveals hints of later changes. These clues were discounted under the paradigmatic assumptions guiding each episode of fieldwork. This reading of past ethnographic work demonstrates how shifting disciplinary fashions accord priority to some findings while neglecting others that later proved transformative. [restudies, fieldwork, knowledge production, tourism, Garifuna, Belize]
Tibial metaphyseal cones combined with short stems perform as well as long stems in revision total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Batinica Bruno , Bolam Scott M. , D'Arcy Matt , Zhu Mark , Monk A. Paul , Munro Jacob T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundsThere is uncertainty around optimal tibial stem length in revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) utilizing a tibial trabecular metal (TM) cone. The purpose of this study was to compare: (1) functional outcomes, (2) radiographic outcomes and (3) implant survivorship in rTKA utilizing TM cones combined with either short stems (SS) or long stems (LS) at minimum 2 years follow‐up.MethodsIn this retrospective, multi‐centre study, patients undergoing rTKA utilizing a TM cone between 2008 and 2019 were included. Patients were divided into: SS group (no diaphyseal engagement), and LS group (diaphyseal engagement). All relevant clinical charts and post‐operative radiographs were examined. Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and EuroQol‐5D (EQ‐5D‐5L) data were collected at most recent follow‐up.ResultsIn total, 44 patients were included: 18 in the SS group and 26 in the LS group. The mean time of follow‐up was 4.0 years. Failure free survival was 94.4% for the SS group and 92.3% for the LS group. All failures were for prosthetic joint infections managed with debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention. At most recent follow‐up, 3 patients demonstrated radiographic signs of lucency (1 SS 2 LS, P = 1) and the mean OKS were 37 ± 4 and 36 ± 6 (P = 0.73) in the SS and LS groups, respectively.ConclusionTibial SS combined with TM cones performed as well as LS in rTKA at minimum 2 years follow‐up. A tibial SS in combination with a TM cone is a reliable technique to achieve stable and durable fixation in rTKA.
Cooperative movement and widespread prosperity across Italian regions
Authors: Costa Michele , Delbono Flavio , Linguiti Francesco 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOur goal is to participate in the debate on regional well‐being. To this end, we explore the relationship between prosperity and the cooperative movement at the regional level in Italy between 2010 and 2019. We summarize prosperity through an index originally proposed by Amartya Sen and we apply it to classify Italian regions. We then perform panel analyses showing that there is a positive and significant association between such an index and the cooperative presence. We detect that, and explain why, the cooperative movement contributes to the regional prosperity more through its employment than in terms of the added value it generates.
Determinants of elementary‐school academic achievement: Component cognitive abilities and memory integration
Authors: Esposito Alena G. , Bauer Patricia J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChildren are on a quest for knowledge. To achieve it, children must integrate separate but related episodes of learning. The theoretical model of memory integration posits that the process is supported by component cognitive abilities. In turn, memory integration predicts accumulation of a knowledge base. We tested this model in two studies (data collected in 2016–2018) with second (8‐year‐olds; n = 391; 196 female; 36% Black, 27% Hispanic/Latinx, 29% White, and 8% multiracial) and third (9‐year‐olds; n = 282; 148 female; 36% Black, 31% Hispanic/Latinx, 27% White, and 5% multiracial) graders. The results support the theoretical model and the role of verbal comprehension in learning new information, and also indicate that verbal comprehension alone is not sufficient to build knowledge.
Consequences of economic sanctions on minority groups in the sanctioned states
Authors: Onder Mehmet 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study explores the effects of economic sanctions on vulnerable groups within target states. When a state uses economic sanctions to realize its foreign policy goals, the government in the sanctioned state usually pursues harsh domestic policies against its ethnic minority groups by employing rally around the flag effect policies. Resultant domestic policies work by casting members of minority groups as traitors and then scapegoating them as the cause underlying the sanctions. Many cases have resulted in the mistreatment and death of innocent people due to the target state governments' counter‐sanctions policies at the domestic level. In this paper, I analyze the negative effects of economic sanctions on minority groups with a focus on the economic, political, and social discrimination of minority groups within sanctioned states. I argue that comprehensive sanctions are more harmful than targeted sanctions on the minority groups in sanctioned states. By using panel data and logit regression models, I demonstrate that economic sanctions cause target states to enact policies that are discriminatory against members of minority groups. This study contributes to the literature by identifying the effects of comprehensive and targeted sanctions on minority groups in terms of political, economic, and societal dimensions.