bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions and experiences of the subjective well-being of people with glioblastoma: a longitudinal phenomenological study
Authors: Sutton Katie , Moore Jaqualyn , Armes Jo , Briggs Emma 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating form of brain cancer, with a short life expectancy. In addition to this poor prognosis, people with GBM often experience symptoms that may have a profound impact on their subjective well-being (SWB). The aim of this study was to investigate the lived experiences and perceptions of people with GBM regarding their SWB.

Methods
The study adopted a longitudinal, hermeneutical phenomenological approach. Twenty-seven interviews were conducted with 15 patients over a period of two years. Most participants were interviewed twice on a face-to-face basis (during combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and again during adjuvant chemotherapy). The hermeneutic circle was used to guide data analysis.

Results
Data analysis identified four key themes that depicted the lived experiences and perceptions of SWB of people with GBM. “Experience of the disease” focuses on the impact of diagnosis, symptoms and side effects. “Daily life” relates to daily activities, family roles, work and social lives. “Coping” includes the importance of normality and goal-setting. “Experiences of care” focuses on the impact of the treatment schedule, experiences of care and impressions of the monitoring of QoL.

Conclusion
SWB is affected by a variety of factors throughout the GBM disease and treatment journey. The findings of this study suggest that healthcare professionals can enhance the SWB of people with GBM by providing personalized care that supports people to set themselves goals for the future and retain a degree of normality wherever possible.
Patient-individual tapering of DMARDs in rheumatoid arthritis patients in a real-world setting
Authors: Birkner Benjamin , Rech Jürgen , Edelmann Edmund , Verheyen Frank , Schett Georg , Stargardt Tom 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe aim to provide real-world evidence on the effectiveness of patient-individual tapering of DMARDs for patients with RA in daily clinical practice using medical records and claims data.MethodsWe utilize data obtained through a controlled prospective cohort study in Germany conducted from July 2018 to March 2021. Participants consist of RA patients in sustained remission (&gt;6 months) who were eligible for tapering at enrolment. Patients treated with individual tapering based on shared decision making (n = 200) are compared with patients without any dose reduction (n = 237). The risk of loss of remission and the risk of flare is assessed with risk-adjusted Kaplan–Meier estimators and Cox regressions. We evaluate differences in costs 1 year before and after baseline based on claims data for the subgroup of patients insured at one major sickness fund in Germany (n = 76).ResultsThe risk of flare (hazard ratio 0.88, 95% CI 0.59, 1.30) or loss of remission (hazard ratio 1.04, 95% CI 0.73, 1.49) was not statistically different between the individual tapering group and the continuation group. Minor increases of disease activity and decreases of quality of life were observed 12 months after baseline, again with no statistically significant difference. Drug costs decreased by 1017€ in the individual tapering group while they increased by 1151€ in the continuation group (P &lt; 0.01).ConclusionIndividual tapering of DMARDs does not increase the average risk of experiencing flares or loss of remission. Encouraging rheumatologists and patients to apply tapering in shared decision making may be a feasible approach to allow individualization of treatment in RA.
Predicting Long Pendant Edges in Model Phylogenies, with Applications to Biodiversity and Tree Inference
Authors: Bocharov Sergey , Harris Simon , Kominek Emma , Mooers Arne Ø , Steel Mike 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the simplest phylogenetic diversification model (the pure-birth Yule process), lineages split independently at a constant rate $\lambda$ for time $t$. The length of a randomly chosen edge (either interior or pendant) in the resulting tree has an expected value that rapidly converges to $\frac{1}{2\lambda}$ as $t$ grows and thus is essentially independent of $t$. However, the behavior of the length $L$ of the longest pendant edge reveals remarkably different behavior: $L$ converges to $t/2$ as the expected number of leaves grows. Extending this model to allow an extinction rate $\mu$ (where $\mu&lt;\lambda$), we also establish a similar result for birth–death trees, except that $t/2$ is replaced by $t/2 \cdot (1-\mu/\lambda)$. This “complete” tree may contain subtrees that have died out before time $t$; for the “reduced tree” that just involves the leaves present at time $t$ and their direct ancestors, the longest pendant edge length $L$ again converges to $t/2$. Thus, there is likely to be at least one extant species whose associated pendant branch attaches to the tree approximately half-way back in time to the origin of the entire clade. We also briefly consider the length of the shortest edges. Our results are relevant to phylogenetic diversity indices in biodiversity conservation, and to quantifying the length of aligned sequences required to correctly infer a tree. We compare our theoretical results with simulations and with the branch lengths from a recent phylogenetic tree of all mammals. [Birth–death process; phylogenetic diversification models; phylogenetic diversity.]
Forearm Compartment Pressure Change in Children Operated for Supracondylar Humerus Fracture
Authors: Toğaç Soner , Eken Gökay , Ermutlu Cenk , Sarisözen Bartu 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The aim of this study is to examine the preoperative and postoperative forearm compartment pressures in patients treated operatively for Gartland type III extension type supracondyler humerus fractures and understand the course of these values over postoperative period.

Methods:
Deep volar compartment pressure of 31 patients were measured in the proximal one third of the forearm preoperatively, and measurements were continued every 4 hours for the first 24 hours after the operation with a catheter. Type of the reduction technique (open reduction vs. closed reduction), duration of surgery, the time from the injury to surgery were all evaluated.

Results:
In the measurements made immediately after the operation (0 h), a sudden increase in the compartment pressure was detected in all patients (15.0±5.9 to 27.9±7.5 mm Hg) independent of the reduction technique and gradually decreased over time. The mean compartment pressure at the 12th hour postoperatively was higher in the open reduction group than in the CR group (24.5±3.4, 20.7±6.7 mm Hg, respectively) (P=0.044). The mean preoperative compartment pressure was 17.7±5.8 mm Hg in patients with a time from injury to surgery longer than 12 hours, and 12.4±4.8 mm Hg in patients with 12 hours or less (P=0.006). The postoperative 0-, 12-, and 20-hour pressure values were higher in the >1 hour operation time group than in the ≤1 hour group and the differences were statistically significant (P=0.046, 0.016, and 0.032, respectively).

Conclusions:
In pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures, those who underwent open reduction had higher preoperative and postoperative compartment pressures. The reduction attempt was found to be a factor that increased the compartment pressure and after the operation, the compartment pressure values decrease gradually. Prolonged operative time (>1 h) and increased time from injury to operative fixation (>12 h) were associated with higher compartment pressures.

Level of Evidence:
Level II—prospective study.
Real-world Medicare Healthcare Costs of Patients with Dupuytren’s Contracture Treated with Collagenase or Fasciectomy
Authors: Zah Vladimir , Stanicic Filip , Ruby Jane , Vukicevic Djurdja , Hurley David 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Our study aimed to compare real-world healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and healthcare cost (HC) of Medicare-insured patients (≥65 years old) with Dupuytren’s contracture (DC) treated with Clostridium histolyticum (collagenase) or fasciectomy.

Methods:
DC patients treated with collagenase or fasciectomy between July 2011 and June 2017 were identified using the IBM MarketScan Medicare Supplemental Database. The index date was the date of the first procedure. Demographic characteristics were captured on the index date, and comorbidities were assessed during the 24-month preindex period. HRU and HC were analyzed throughout the 12-month postindex period. Patients were matched using propensity score weights. Gamma log-linked generalized linear models were used to evaluate HC drivers.

Results:
Out of 37,374 DC patients, 2911 received collagenase, while 6258 underwent fasciectomy. Postmatching, the total average annual HC was similar between collagenase and fasciectomy ($7271 versus $6220, P = 0.357). When HCs were stratified by the service provider, outpatient facility and physician office costs were lower in the collagenase cohort ($850 versus $1284, P = 0.047 and $546 versus $1001, P < 0.001). The costs of professional services were significantly higher than in the fasciectomy cohort due to the cost of collagenase injection ($1682 versus $629, P < 0.001). The HRU was similar between cohorts, except for more frequent outpatient facility visits in fasciectomy patients (12.3 versus 22.9, P < 0.001). Generalized linear model revealed Charlson comorbidity index, plan type, patients’ residence region, sleep disorder, and hyperlipidemia as significant predictors of total HC.

Conclusion:
This study found comparable total annual HC and HRU between collagenase- and fasciectomy-treated Medicare patients.
An Analysis of Racial Diversity in the Breast Reconstruction and Aesthetic Surgery Literature
Authors: Chawla Sahil , Shihadeh Hanaa , Patel Ashit 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Racial disparities in the visual representation of patients in the plastic surgery literature can contribute to health inequities. This study evaluates racial diversity in photographs published in the aesthetic and breast reconstruction literature.

Methods:
A photogrammetric analysis of plastic surgery journals from the USA, Canada, and Europe was performed. Color photographs depicting human skin, pertaining to breast reconstruction and aesthetic surgery in 2000, 2010, and 2020, were categorized as White (1–3) or non-White (4–6) based on the Fitzpatrick scale.

Results:
All journals demonstrated significantly more White skin images than non-White for all procedures (P < 0.05) except blepharoplasty and rhinoplasty. Blepharoplasty was the only procedure with more non-White images (P = 0.02). When examining USA journals, significant differences were not found in blepharoplasty, rhinoplasty, and male chest surgery. European journals published a greater proportion of non-White images than USA journals (P < 0.0001). There was a decreasing rate of change in diversity with 15.5% of images being non-White in 2000, 32.7% in 2010, and 40.7% in 2020 (P < 0.01). Percentage of non-White images varied by geographical region and ranged from 3.6% in Oceania to 93.5% in Asia (P < 0.01).

Conclusions:
Diversity of patient populations depicted in plastic surgery literature has increased over the past two decades. Despite this improvement, the racial diversity seen in photographs published in the literature does not adequately reflect this demographic for aesthetic and breast procedures. Equitable visual representation may promote cultural competency and improve care for the populations we serve.
Post-cataract surgery optic neuropathy: a chronological narrative review of the literature and speculation on pathogenesis
Authors: Bhatti M. Tariq , Miller Neil R. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
To appraise the literature on the incidence of an acute anterior optic neuropathy resembling spontaneous nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) following uncomplicated cataract surgery and to explore the proposed pathogenesis of both immediate and delayed onset post-cataract surgery optic neuropathy (PCSON).

Recent findings
A number of case reports, case series, and retrospective case-controlled, big data, and population-based studies have identified an apparent association between cataract surgery and the occurrence of an acute anterior optic neuropathy that can either be immediate or delayed in onset. However, a recent study found no link between modern day cataract surgery and an increased risk of an acute anterior optic neuropathy.

Summary
Immediate PCSON appears to be related to negative perfusion pressure at the level of the optic disc due to increased intraocular pressure. The pathogenesis of delayed PCSON is unknown but probably multifactorial. Patients who have experienced spontaneous NAION or PCSON in one eye may be at risk of PCSON in the fellow eye.
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Prevalence in Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gallo Afflitto Gabriele , Aiello Francesco , Cesareo Massimo , Nucci Carlo 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of POAG in Europe.

Methods:
Two authors independently conducted a systematic literature search on PubMed/MedLine, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify papers analyzing the prevalence of POAG in European countries. After removal of duplicates, title and abstract screening, and full-text analysis, data from selected articles were entered in an Excel spreadsheet. We performed risk of bias assessment using the Joanna Briggs Institute Prevalence Critical Appraisal Tool and conducted a meta-analysis using the R software (version 1.4.1106).

Results:
We retrieved 9348 eligible papers from the initial electronic search and included 10 of them in the qualitative and quantitative analyses. A total of 26,993 patients were included in this meta-analysis (11,927 male and 14,556 female). We identified 755 POAG cases (397 male and 348 female), with a pooled prevalence estimate in Europe of 2.60% (95% confidence interval: 1.90%–3.56%). Increasing odds for POAG were related to increasing age and some geographic differences in the disease distribution in the continent were identified. Statistically significant sex-related differences in the prevalence rate of POAG were not observed in this cohort.

Conclusion:
POAG is a neurodegenerative disease that affects a large proportion of the older European population. In the future, the prevalence of POAG is expected to grow in Europe because of the progressive aging populations of Western countries. Future high-quality epidemiological studies for the evaluation of POAG prevalence rates are warranted.
Novel Bleb Classification Following Ab Interno Implantation of Gel-Stent Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Hasan Somar M. , Theilig Theresa , Tarhan Melih , Papadimitriou Menelaos , Unterlauft Jan Darius , Meller Daniel 
Published: August 2022

Précis:
A novel qualitative tomographical classification for bleb after implantation of XEN-Gel-Stent using ab interno approach is presented. Association of anatomic patterns to intraocular pressure (IOP) and success rates (SR) illustrates that anterior segment optical coherence tomography can be useful tool in clinical guidance.

Purpose:
To present a novel classification of bleb resulting from ab interno implantation of XEN-Gel-Stent and report association of tomographical patterns with IOP and SR.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional 1-armed study of patients receiving XEN-Gel-Stent. Tomographical changes in the bleb area were studied using swept-source optical coherence tomography in an early (d 29–90 postsurgery) and late (starting from d 91 postsurgery) phase. Frequency of patterns and their association with IOP and SR (defined as IOP<18 mmHg without medications) were studied.

Results:
One hundred eleven examinations of 49 blebs (49 patients) were included. Three tomographical patterns at conjunctival, 4 at tenons capsule, and 2 at episcleral level were characterized. Most frequent conjunctival pattern was subconjunctival spaces (56.3% and 53.2% in the early and late phase, respectively) and associated with lower IOP (13.0±6.0 mmHg) and higher SR (89%) but only in the early phase compared with other conjunctival patterns (P<0.05). At tenons capsule level, the hyporeflective pattern was most frequent (50% and 51.9% in early and late phase) followed by the cavernous pattern. Both patterns associated with lower IOP and higher SR compared with hyper-reflective or loss of tenon changes (P<0.005). Most blebs showed no episcleral lake (87.5% and 89.9% in early and late phase). No difference of IOP and SR was noted compared with those showing an episcleral lake.

Conclusion:
A practical and clinically relevant novel classification system is proposed to tomographically describe and classify blebs after implantation of XEN-Gel-Stent. Certain patterns were associated with lower IOP and higher SR.
The Effect of Latanoprost on Choroidal Vascularity Index in Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension
Authors: Cakir Ihsan , Pehlivanoglu Seren , Yalcinkaya Gulay , Altan Cigdem 
Published: August 2022

Précis:
The choroidal vascularity index (CVI) is a new marker for the choroid. The decrease in CVI following latanoprost use can provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the posterior segment side effects of latanoprost such as cystoid macular edema and central serous choroidopathy.

Purpose:
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the changes in the CVI, total choroidal area (TCA), stromal area (SA), luminal area (LA), and choroidal thickness (CT) following latanoprost therapy in patients with primary open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Materials and Methods:
Patients with newly diagnosed primary open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension who had never received antiglaucoma therapy were included. Each patient received latanoprost 0.005% once daily. Enhanced depth imaging mode of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography scans was taken before the start of latanoprost therapy and in the first and third months. Subfoveal CT, CVI, TCA, LA, and SA for the submacular area, and 4 quadrants of the peripapillary area were calculated from the scans.

Results:
A total of 36 eyes of 18 patients were analyzed. Subfoveal CT increased significantly (P=0.007). Mean TCA (P=0.008) and SA (P<0.001) in the first and third months were higher than baseline in the submacular regions. Mean CVI was lower in the first and third months (P<0.001). There was an increase in the mean TCA and SA in the peripapillary temporal (P=0.001 and 0.028) and inferior (P=0.002 and <0.001) quadrants and a decrease in mean CVI in the temporal (P=0.027) and inferior (P=0.003) peripapillary quadrants. A negative correlation was found between the rate of decrease in intraocular pressure and the macular region CVI.

Conclusions:
Following latanoprost use for several months, the CVI was significantly decreased in newly treated patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension, among other changes to the choroid. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the effects of prostaglandins on the posterior segment of the eye.
Frequency of Optical Coherence Tomography Testing to Detect Progression in Glaucoma
Authors: Melchior Bruna , De Moraes Carlos G. , Paula Jayter S. , Cioffi George A. , Girkin Christopher A. , Fazio Massimo A. , Weinreb Robert N. , Zangwill Linda M. , Liebmann Jeffrey M. 
Published: August 2022

Précis:
With high specificity and less variability than perimetry, more frequent testing resulted in shorter time to detect progression, though a 6-month testing interval provides a reasonable trade-off for following glaucoma patients using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Purpose:
To investigate the time to detect progression in glaucomatous eyes using different OCT test intervals.

Materials and Methods:
Participants with manifest glaucoma from the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES), a multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study, were included. A total of 2699 OCT tests from 171 glaucomatous and 149 normal eyes of 182 participants, with at least 5 tests and 2 years of follow-up, were analyzed. Computer simulations (n=10,000 eyes) were performed to estimate time to detect progression of global circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFL) measured with OCT tests. Simulations were based on different testing paradigms (every 4, 6, 12, and 24 mo) and different rates of change (µm/year). Time to detect significant progression (P<0.05) at 80% and 90% power were calculated for each paradigm and rate of cpRNFL change.

Results:
As expected, more frequent testing resulted in shorter time to detect progression. Although there was clear disadvantage for testing at intervals of 24 versus 12 months (~22.4% time [25 mo] increase in time to progression detection) and when testing 12 versus 6 months (~22.1% time [20 mo] increase), the improved time to detect progression was less pronounced when comparing 6 versus 4 months (~11.5% time [10 mo] reduction).

Conclusion:
With high specificity and less variability than perimetry, a 6-month testing interval provides a reasonable trade-off for following glaucoma patients using OCT.
Binocular Summation of Visual Acuity at High and Low Contrast in Early Glaucoma
Authors: Issashar Leibovitzh Galia , Trope Graham E. , Buys Yvonne M. , Tarita-Nistor Luminita 
Published: August 2022

Précis:
This study examined the integrity of binocular summation function in patients with mild glaucoma. We found that binocular summation of visual acuity is preserved in these patients, despite their reduced monocular inputs.

Purpose:
Binocular summation represents superiority of binocular to monocular performance. In this study we examined the integrity of binocular summation function in patients with early glaucoma who had structural glaucomatous changes but otherwise had no significant interocular acuity asymmetry or other functional deficit detected with standard clinical measures.

Materials and Methods:
Participants included 48 patients with early glaucoma according to Hodapp, Anderson, and Parrish 2 (HAP2) criteria (age 65±12 y) and 42 healthy controls (age 60±12 y), matched for stereoacuity. Visual acuity was assessed binocularly and monocularly at high (95%) and low (25%) contrast using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) charts at 6 m. Binocular acuity summation was evaluated utilizing a binocular ratio (BR).

Results:
Overall, binocular and monocular visual acuity of the control group was better than that of the glaucoma group for both contrast levels, P=0.001. For the glaucoma group, there was a significant difference between BRs at high and low contrast, 0.01±0.05 and 0.04±0.06 (P=0.003), respectively. For the control group, the difference between BR at high and low contrast was not statistically significant, 0.00±0.07 and 0.02±0.06 (P=0.25), respectively.

Conclusion:
For patients with early glaucoma, binocular summation function for visual acuity was preserved at both contrast levels. This suggests an adaptation of the visual system in early stages of glaucoma that allows for normal binocular summation in the presence of reduced monocular visual input.