bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterophyllin B an Active Cyclopeptide Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium‐Induced Colitis by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Repairing Intestinal Mucosal Barrier via AMPK Activation
Authors: Chen Ce , Liang Han , Wang Jiaoyang , Ren Guoqing , Li Renshi , Cui Zheng‐Guo , Zhang Chaofeng 
Published: July 2022

ScopeAdvances in pathology broaden the perception of the intimate interaction between gut microbiota dysbiosis and the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC), but the potential modulating roles remain to be elucidated.Methods and resultsDSS‐induced colitis is used to investigate the effect of Heterophyllin B (HB), a typical active cyclopeptide extracted from Pseudostellaria heterophylla, on colitis and gut microbiota. Administration of HB substantially mitigates the symptoms of UC as evidenced by increasing body weight and colon length, as well as decreased macrophages infiltration in the colon. Meanwhile, HB significantly alleviates intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction by reducing the production of inflammatory cytokines, while all the mentioned beneficial effects are significantly eliminated by co‐treatment with compound C, a selective AMPK inhibitor. In addition, 16S rDNA gene analyses and fecal microbiota transplantation also reveal that HB dramatically prevents against UC by reshaping intestinal dysbiosis, especially elevates the relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila.ConclusionThese findings illustrate that HB prominently improves intestinal epithelial homeostasis via activating AMPK and ameliorates the colonic inflammation in a gut microbiota‐dependent manner, which provide evidence for microbial contribution to UC pathogenesis and suggesting a novel approach for colitis prevention.
Improving MR cell size imaging by inclusion of transcytolemmal water exchange
Authors: Jiang Xiaoyu , Devan Sean P. , Xie Jingping , Gore John C. , Xu Junzhong 
Published: July 2022

The goal of the current study is to include transcytolemmal water exchange in MR cell size imaging using the IMPULSED model for more accurate characterization of tissue cellular properties (e.g., apparent volume fraction of intracellular space
) and quantification of indicators of transcytolemmal water exchange. We propose a heuristic model that incorporates transcytolemmal water exchange into a multicompartment diffusion‐based method (IMPULSED) that was developed previously to extract microstructural parameters (e.g., mean cell size
and apparent volume fraction of intracellular space
) assuming no water exchange. For
≤ 5 ms, the water exchange can be ignored, and the signal model is the same as the IMPULSED model. For
≥ 30 ms, we incorporated the modified Kärger model that includes both restricted diffusion and exchange between compartments. Using simulations and previously published in vitro cell data, we evaluated the accuracy and precision of model‐derived parameters and determined how they are dependent on SNR and imaging parameters. The joint model provides more accurate
values for cell sizes ranging from 10 to 12 microns when water exchange is fast (e.g., intracellular water pre‐exchange lifetime
≤ 100 ms) than IMPULSED, and reduces the bias of IMPULSED‐derived estimates of
, especially when water exchange is relatively slow (e.g.,
> 200 ms). Indicators of transcytolemmal water exchange derived from the proposed joint model are linearly correlated with ground truth
values and can detect changes in cell membrane permeability induced by saponin treatment in murine erythroleukemia cancer cells. Our results suggest this joint model not only improves the accuracy of IMPULSED‐derived microstructural parameters, but also provides indicators of water exchange that are usually ignored in diffusion models of tissues.
Net‐based thermal‐fluid model and hybrid optimization of cooling channels
Authors: Liu Jun , Li Renfu , Wang Kun , Zheng Jianguo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study aims to propose a hybrid optimization method for cooling channels based on the improved net‐based thermal‐fluid model. The channel topology was optimized through the genetic algorithm (GA), whereas the channel diameter and node position were optimized using the moving asymptote method (MMA). The linear combination of the average temperature and pressure drop was defined as the objective function. Three‐dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed to verify the physical fields of the optimized results. The optimized results indicated that, as the weighting factor (w) for the average temperature increased, the flow distribution was more reasonable and uniform, effectively decreasing the average temperature at the cost of higher pressure drops. In comparison with the optimization entirely based on GA, the hybrid optimization could yield a similar and efficient cooling performance with lower time‐consuming. Moreover, the optimized results obtained under the suitable objective could achieve the better thermal performance at a lower pressure drop in comparison with the conventional serpentine‐shaped channel layout. Finally, the hybrid optimization method used in this article was compared with the conventional density approach, and the former could obtain the clear and complex channel distribution with greatly reduced computational time.
Postchemotherapy immune status in infants with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the JPLSG MLL‐10 trial
Authors: Arakawa Yuki , Hasegawa Daisuke , Miyamura Takako , Ohshima Junjiro , Kimura Shunsuke , Imamura Toshihiko , Koga Yuhki , Yamamoto Shohei , Ogawa Atsushi , Shinoda Kunihiro , Eguchi Mariko , Hosoi Hajime , Imai Kohsuke , Koh Katsuyoshi , Tomizawa Daisuke 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe MLL‐10 trial (UMIN000004801) modified a Children's Oncology Group (COG) AALL0631 therapy for infants with KMT2A‐rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In 2016, one registered case developed secondary immunodeficiency during maintenance therapy and eventually died due to cytomegalovirus infection. Around the same time, fatal secondary immunodeficiencies were reported in five infants with ALL in North America who had received COG‐based chemotherapy between 1996 and 2015. Given these cases, we decided to conduct a retrospective study on the postchemotherapy immune status of infants with ALL. A questionnaire collected data on posttreatment immune function, frequency of infections, and supportive care for the 34 infants in the MLL‐10 trial. Patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in first remission were excluded. Responses to the survey were obtained in 28 cases (85%). Most patients were immunocompetent after the completion of chemotherapy (median follow‐up duration from the day of chemotherapy completion was 431 days), except for the aforementioned case. There were seven patients with nonsevere viral infection, all of whom recovered. In conclusion, severe chemotherapy‐induced immunodeficiency in infants with ALL appears to be rare, but prospective data collection of immune function is necessary to clarify this finding.
Implementing the WHO Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer in Morocco: Survival study for the six indexed childhood cancers
Authors: Mechita Nada Bennani , Cherkaoui Siham , Abousselham Loubna , Benmiloud Sarra , Kili Amina , Kababri Maria El , Maani Khadija , Houdzi Jamila El , Benajiba Noufissa , Madani Abdellah , Bennani Maria , Belakhel Latefa , Bouffet Eric , Patte Catherine , Harif Mhamed , Youbi Mohammed , Hessissen Laila 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer (GICC). The goal is to achieve a global survival rate of at least 60% for all children with cancer by 2030. Morocco was designated as a pilot country for this initiative.ProcedureThis retrospective study included a cohort of children aged 0–15 years, with one of the six indexed cancers (acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ALL], Burkitt lymphoma [BL], Hodgkin lymphoma, retinoblastoma [RB], Wilms tumor or nephroblastoma, low‐grade glioma), diagnosed between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019 at the six Moroccan Pediatric Hematology and Oncology units. Patients were followed‐up until August 31, 2020. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate survival rates, the log‐rank test for comparing survival curves, and the Cox model for identifying prognostic factors.ResultsData on 878 patients were included in the study. The most frequently reported cancer type was ALL (n = 383, 43.6%), followed by Wilms tumor (n = 139, 15.8%) and BL (n = 133, 15%). Most patients were less than 5 years of age (n = 446, 50.9%) and the male/female ratio was 1.46. The 1, 2, and 3‐year overall survival rates were 80.1%, 73.6%, and 68.2%, respectively. In a multivariable Cox regression model, care center, cancer type, age group, and distance to the care center were statistically significantly associated to survival. Patients aged 10 years and older and patients living more than 100 km from the care center were more likely to die (respectively, HR = 1.39, p = .045 and HR = 1.44, p = .010).ConclusionThe reported results represent the baseline for measuring the impact of GICC implementation in Morocco.
Heat‐shock protein 70—a hub gene—underwent adaptive evolution involved in whitefly‐wild tomato interaction
Authors: Tian Jiahui , Dewer Youssef , Qu Cheng , Li Fengqi , Luo Chen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe whitefly Bemisia tabaci causes severe damage to cultivated tomato plants, but actively avoids the wild tomato Solanum habrochaites. Moreover, the mortality of whitefly increases significantly after feeding with the wild tomato. However, additional experiments are warranted to more carefully elucidate the specific molecular elements underlying the interaction between whitefly and wild tomato.RESULTSOur results showed that S. habrochaites significantly increases the mortality of whitefly adults and decreases both their fertility and fecundity. In addition, the expression of stress‐response genes in whitefly after exposure to S. habrochaites was analyzed using RNA sequencing. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis was conducted to identify the hub genes to determine their potential associations with the mortality of whitefly. These results suggested that the expression of heat‐shock protein (HSP), multicopper oxidase, and 2‐Oxo‐4‐hydroxy‐4‐carboxy‐5‐ureidoimidazoline (OHCU) decarboxylase genes were induced in whitefly. To validate the gene associations with whitefly mortality, a high‐throughput in vivo model system and RNAi‐based gene silencing were used. The results revealed that the RNAi‐mediated depletion of the HSP gene, which belongs to the HSP70 subfamily, increased the mortality of whitefly. Furthermore, the selection pressure analysis showed that a total of five amino acid sites of positive selection were identified, three of which were located in the nucleotide‐binding domain and the other two in the substrate‐binding domain.CONCLUSIONSThis is the first report on the potential implication of HSPs in whitefly–wild plant interactions. This study could more precisely identify the molecular mechanisms of whitefly in response to wild tomatoes. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Cancer metabolism control by natural products: Pyruvate kinase M2 targeting therapeutics
Authors: El‐Far Ali H. , Al Jaouni Soad K. , Li Xiaotao , Fu Junjiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGlycolysis is the primary source of energy for cancer growth and metastasis. The shift in metabolism from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis is called the Warburg effect. Cancer progression due to aerobic glycolysis is often associated with the activation of oncogenes or the loss of tumor suppressors. Therefore, inhibition of glycolysis is one of the effective strategies in cancer control. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a key glycolytic enzyme overexpressed in breast, prostate, lung, colorectal, and liver cancers. Here, we discuss published studies regarding PKM2 inhibitors from natural products that are promising drug candidates for cancer therapy. We have highlighted the potential of natural PKM2 inhibitors for various cancer types. Moreover, we encourage researchers to evaluate the combinational effects between natural and synthetic PKM2 inhibitors. Also, further high‐quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of natural products.
Bryodulcosigenin attenuates bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis via inhibiting AMPK‐mediated mesenchymal epithelial transition and oxidative stress
Authors: Ding Yue , Wang Lei , Liu Bei , Ren Guoqing , Okubo Ryosuke , Yu Jing , Zhang Chaofeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFibrosis is a pathological result of a dysfunctional repair response to tissue injury and occurs in several organs, including the lungs. Bryodulcosigenin (BDG) is a cucurbitane‐type triterpene isolated from Siratia grosvenori and has clear‐cut anti‐inflammatory effects, yet its benefit of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of BDG (10 mg/kg/day, for 14 days) against TGF‐β1‐stimulated mouse alveolar epithelial MLE‐12 cells and bleomycin (BLM)‐induced PF mice. In vitro experiments showed that BDG could inhibit epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and oxidative stress. In vivo experiments indicated that BDG could ameliorate BLM‐induced PF in mice as evidenced by characteristic structural changes in histopathology, increased collagen deposition and reduced survival and weight of mice. The abnormal increased expressions of TGF‐β1, p‐Smad2/3, α‐SMA, COL‐I, and NOX4 and decreased expressions for Sirt1 and p‐AMPK were improved in BDG treatment. But these beneficial effects could be eliminated by co‐treatment with Compound C (CC, a selective AMPK inhibitor). Molecular docking technology also revealed the potential of BDG to activate AMPK. In summary, AMPK activation modulated by BDG not only ameliorated TGF‐β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathways but also partially mediated the suppression effects on EMT and oxidative stress, thus mediating the anti‐fibrotic effects.
A Markovian analytical approach to a repairable system under the mixed redundancy strategy with a repairman
Authors: Juybari Mohammad N. , Zeinal Hamadani Ali , Liu Baoliang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe mixed redundancy strategy is one of the most powerful techniques for improving system performance. This novel strategy has, however, been mostly studied in non‐repairable redundant systems, while the present study aims to study, for the first time, its application to a repairable system with a repairman in availability and maintainability perspectives. In this system, a repairman is responsible for providing the repair services. The intended system simultaneously benefits from the repairman's vacation concept following different policies, namely: vacation interruption and multiple vacations. Moreover, the system consists of two types of repairs, specifically: regular and working vacation repair. Also, successive vacation times are governed by the Markovian arrival process. Accordingly, the system is analyzed by modeling a vector‐valued Markov process and several performance measures are derived in both transient and stationary regimes following the matrix‐analytic procedure. Finally, the performance of the proposed approach is verified using numerical examples that involve a system with three repairable non‐identical components under the mixed strategy as well as a micro‐grid system with three parallel subsystems as a real‐life case study.
Ni‐Decorated Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Electro‐Oxidation of Tri(ammonium) Phosphate as New Hydrogen Source Material
Authors: Barakat Nasser A. M. , Ahmed Enas , Farghali Ahmed Ali , Nassar Mamdouh M. , Tolba Gehan M. K. , Zaki Ayman H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHydrogen is considered the lifesaver against the highly expected depletion of the fossil fuels. Among the various hydrogen production processes, electro‐oxidation of hydrogen‐rich compounds (e. g. alcohols) is a promising technology due to simplicity and low cost. The cheap non‐precious materials can be exploited for hydrogen generation from alcohols electrolysis with small biases. However, the alcohols are either toxic and/or relatively expensive. Recently, hydrogen could be extracted from tri(ammonium) phosphate using Ni/C hetero‐catalytic reaction.[1,2] In the present study, electro‐oxidation of tri(ammonium) phosphate using Ni‐decorated carbon nanotubes is investigated. The utilized catalyst has been prepared by a simple one‐pot synthesis procedure; calcination of well mixed nickel acetate/carbon nanotubes composite under inert atmosphere at 850 °C. The results indicated that the prepared Ni‐decorated carbon nanotubes composite is an effective electro‐catalyst for tri(ammonium) phosphate oxidation when the nickel content is optimized; 1 wt% metal is the best composition. Moreover, chronoamperometry analysis results indicated that the electro‐oxidation reactions is independent on the nickel (oxy)hydroxide active layer, this creates a distinct advantage over alcohols. Workability of the inactive electrode is attributed to the reactivity of both of Ni(OH)2 and Ni(OOH) species toward tri(ammonium) phosphate electro‐oxidation process.
Multimodal Imaging Contrast Property of Nano Hybrid Fe3O4@Ag Fabricated by Seed‐Growth for Medicinal Diagnosis
Authors: Le The Tam , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Linh , Nguyen Hoa Du , Phan Thi Hong Tuyet , Pham Hong Nam , Le Duc Giang , Hoang Thanh Phong , Nguyen Thi Quynh Hoa , Le Trong Lu , Tran Lam Dai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMultimodal imaging, which integrates different imaging modalities, is emerging as a promising strategy to improve both preclinical and subclinical imaging. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are among the imaging techniques widely used in clinical practice. These imaging modalities are used to diagnose and screen disease, each providing additional and different information about the patient and pathosis. In this research, we present the development of a model that combines a hybrid nanostructure, consisting of an iron oxide core and a silver‐shell nanoparticle for dual MRI/CT imaging. Fe3O4@Ag HNPs with core‐shell structure were fabricated by reducing Ag+ on the surface of Fe3O4 (NPs) nanoparticles by seed‐growth route in the thermal decomposition method. TEM images show that the synthesized nanoparticles have a uniform spherical shape and size, with an average diameter of 15.6 nm. The hybrid nanoparticles after functionalizing the surface with polyacrylic acid (PAA) became hydrophilic and dispersed well in water. The fluid of Fe3O4@Ag@PAA HNPs has high stability in water media with NaCl salt concentrations above 200 mM and a wide pH range from 4 to 11. The fluid Fe3O4@Ag@PAA has selective cytotoxicity with IC50 value 8.42 ug/ml for Hep‐G2 cell lines, and 40.3 ug/ml for normal Vero cell lines. The results of in‐vitro MRI/CT imaging showed that the value of transverse relaxation rate r2 was 138.6 mM−1s−1 and had good X‐ray attenuation ability. With these outstanding properties, the core‐shell structured nano hybrid fluid presented in this research has the potential as a candidate for multimodal bioimaging techniques in practical applications.
Geometrical influence on Hg determination in wet sediment using K‐shell fluorescence analysis
Authors: An Siwen , Krapohl David , González Charlotte , Rydblom Stefani , Norlin Börje , Thungström Göran 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo quickly identify maritime sites polluted by heavy metal contaminants, reductions in the size of instrumentation have made it possible to bring an X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer into the field and in direct contact with various samples. The choice of source‐sample‐detector geometry plays an important role in minimizing the Compton scattering noise and achieving a better signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in XRF measurement conditions, especially for analysis of wet sediments. This paper presents the influence of geometrical factors on a prototype, designed for in situ XRF analysis of mercury (Hg) in wet sediments using a 57Co excitation source and an X‐ray spectrometer. The unique XRF penetrometer prototype has been constructed and tested for maritime wet sediment. The influence on detection efficiency and SNR of various geometrical arrangements have been investigated using the combination of Monte Carlo simulations and laboratory experiments. Instrument calibration was performed for Hg analysis by means of prepared wet sediments with the XRF prototype. The presented results show that it is possible to detect Hg by K‐shell emission, thus enabling XRF analysis for underwater sediments. Consequently, the XRF prototype has the potential to be applied as an environmental screening tool for analysis of polluted sediments with relatively high concentrations (e.g., >2880 ppm for Hg), which would benefit in situ monitoring of maritime pollution caused by heavy metals.
The Palearctic blackfly Simulium equinum (Diptera: Simuliidae) as a biting pest of captive nyala antelopes (Tragelaphus angasii)
Authors: Ebmer David , Balfanz Folko , Voracek Thomas , Hering‐Hagenbeck Stephan , Pichler‐Scheder Christian , Walochnik Julia , Kniha Edwin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBlackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) are cosmopolitan nuisance pests of great economic importance as well as vectors of many pathogens. After reports of massive blackfly biting of captive nyala antelopes in the Vienna Zoo, Austria, this study aimed to identify the species causing multiple skin lesions on the antelope hosts. The Palearctic species Simulium equinum, belonging to the medically and veterinary important Wilhelmia subgenus, was identified as the most likely causative agent. Barcoding and maximum likelihood analysis supported morphological species identification and highlighted the complex phylogeny of the subgenus Wilhelmia. Our study gives first evidence of the multi‐host feeding blackfly S. equinum in the Vienna Zoo, thereby raising the question whether other hosts could also be bitten on a regular basis. The preliminary results urge for further analysis of blackfly breeding sites as well as the clarification of the host spectrum to assess the medical and veterinary importance of blackflies in the Zoo.
A Comparative Perspective on Ribosome Biogenesis: Unity and Diversity Across the Tree of Life
Authors: Jüttner Michael , Ferreira-Cerca Sébastien 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRibosomes are universally conserved ribonucleoprotein complexes involved in the decoding of the genetic information contained in messenger RNAs into proteins. Accordingly, ribosome biogenesis is a fundamental cellular process required for functional ribosome homeostasis and to preserve satisfactory gene expression capability.Although the ribosome is universally conserved, its biogenesis shows an intriguing degree of variability across the tree of life. These differences also raise yet unresolved questions. Among them are (a) what are, if existing, the remaining ancestral common principles of ribosome biogenesis; (b) what are the molecular impacts of the evolution history and how did they contribute to (re)shape the ribosome biogenesis pathway across the tree of life; (c) what is the extent of functional divergence and/or convergence (functional mimicry), and in the latter case (if existing) what is the molecular basis; (d) considering the universal ribosome conservation, what is the capability of functional plasticity and cellular adaptation of the ribosome biogenesis pathway?In this review, we provide a brief overview of ribosome biogenesis across the tree of life and try to illustrate some potential and/or emerging answers to these unresolved questions.