bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GPR15 expressed in T lymphocytes from RA patients is involved in leukocyte chemotaxis to the synovium
Authors: Fernández-Ruiz Julio Cesar , Ochoa-González Fátima de Lourdes , Zapata-Zúñiga Martín , Mondragon-Marín Eduardo , Lara-Ramírez Edgar E , Ruíz-Carrillo Jose Luis , DelaCruz-Flores Paola Amayrani , Layseca-Espinosa Esther , Enciso-Moreno José Antonio , Castañeda-Delgado Julio Enrique 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) inflammatory process occurs in the joints where immune cells are attracted into the synovium to promote remodeling and tissue damage. GPR15 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) located on chromosome 3 and has similarity in its sequence with chemokine receptors. Recent evidence indicates that GPR15 may be associated with modulation of the chronic inflammatory response. We evaluated the expression of GPR15 and GPR15L in blood and synovial tissue samples from RA patients, as well as to perform a functional migration assay in response to GPR15L. The expression of GPR15 and c10orf99/gpr15l mRNA was analyzed by RT-qPCR. Samples of synovial fluid and peripheral blood were analyzed for CD45+CD3+CD4+GPR15+ and CD45+CD3+CD8+GPR15+ T cell frequency comparing RA patients versus control subjects by flow cytometry. Migration assays were performed using PBMCs isolated from these individuals in response to the synthetic GPR15 ligand. Statistical analysis included Kruskal–Wallis test, T-test, or Mann–Whitney U test, according to data distribution. A higher expression in the mRNA for GPR15 was identified in early RA subjects. The frequencies of CD4+/CD8+ GPR15+ T lymphocytes are higher in RA patients comparing with healthy subjects. Also, the frequency CD4+/CD8+ GPR15+ T lymphocytes are higher in synovial fluid of established RA patients comparing with OA patients. GPR15 and GPR15L are present in the synovial tissue of RA patients and GPR15L promotes migration of PBMCs from RA patients and healthy subjects. Our results suggest that GPR15/GPR15L have a pathogenic role in RA and their antagonizing could be a therapeutic approach in RA.
Preoperative MRI‐Based Radiomics of Brain Metastasis to Assess T790M Resistance Mutation After EGFR‐TKI Treatment in NSCLC
Authors: Fan Ying , He Lingzi , Yang Huazhe , Wang Yan , Su Juan , Hou Shaoping , Luo Yahong , Jiang Xiran 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundPreoperative assessment of the acquired resistance T790M mutation in patients with metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on brain metastasis (BM) is important for early treatment decisions.PurposeTo investigate preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based radiomics for assessing T790M resistance mutation after epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment in NSCLC patients with BM.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationOne hundred and ten primary NSCLC patients with pathologically confirmed BM and T790M mutation status assessment from two centers divided into primary training (N = 53), internal validation (N = 27), and external validation (N = 30) sets.Field Strength/SequenceContrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted (T1CE) and T2‐weighted (T2W) fast spin echo sequences at 3.0 T.AssessmentForty‐five (40.9%) patients were T790M‐positive and 65 (59.1%) patients were T790M‐negative. The tumor active area (TAA) and peritumoral edema area (POA) of BM were delineated on pre‐treatment T1CE and T2W images. Radiomics signatures were built based on features selected from TAA (RS‐TAA), POA (RS‐POA), and their combination (RS‐Com) to assess the T790M resistance mutation after EGFR‐TKI treatment.Statistical TestsReceiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the capabilities of the developed RSs. The area under the ROC curves (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity were generated as comparison metrics.ResultsWe identified two features (from TAA) and three features (from POA) that are highly associated with the T790M mutation status. The developed RS‐TAA, RS‐POA, and RS‐Com showed good performance, with AUCs of 0.807, 0.807, and 0.864 in the internal validation, and 0.783, 0.814, and 0.860 in the external validation sets, respectively.Data ConclusionPretreatment brain MRI of NSCLC patients with BM might effectively detect the T790M resistance mutation, with both TAA and POA having important values. The multi‐region combined radiomics signature may have potential to be a new biomarker for assessing T790M mutation.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Mechanism and management of atrial fibrillation in the patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Iwasaki Yu‐ki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disorder in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Although there has been an increase in the incidence of AF due to the aging population, it has been reported that OSA is still underdiagnosed because many patients remain asymptomatic or unaware of the symptoms associated with OSA, such as daytime sleepiness. Untreated OSA reduces the effectiveness of AF treatment, regardless of pharmacological or non‐pharmacological modes of therapy, such as catheter ablation. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that OSA pathophysiology is multifactorial, comprising of hypoxemia, hypercapnia, autonomic dysfunction, negative intrathoracic pressure changes, and arousals of OSA, and lead to AF. Both the acute and long‐term effects of obstructive apnea episodes are involved in the development of an arrhythmogenic substrate of AF. Undiagnosed OSA causes underutilized opportunities for more effective AF management. Therefore, it is important to screen for OSA in all patients being considered for rhythm control therapy. However, regardless of the growing evidence of the negative prognostic impact of OSA, there is a lack of awareness regarding this connection not only among patients but also among cardiologists and arrhythmia specialists. There is a barrier to performing a systemic screening for OSA in clinical practice. Therefore, it is important to establish a comprehensive OSA care team for the efficient diagnosis and treatment of OSA. This review provides the current understanding of OSA and its relationship to AF and the importance of the diagnosis and management of OSA in AF.
Microwave‐assisted low‐cost synthesis of sucrose‐soya ester from vegetable oil refinery by‐product and its application in toothpaste formulation for oral hygiene
Authors: Rajput Yogeshsing N. , Girase Chetan D. , Kedar Rahul P. , Deshpande Priya S. , Kulkarni Ravindra D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe major drawbacks of the sucrose ester (SE), in spite of being a green nonionic surfactant, are the difficulty of synthesis and higher cost. Distilled soya acid oil (DSAO) obtained as by‐product from a vegetable oil refinery was used for the synthesis of fatty acid methyl ester (SAFAME). Microwave‐assisted method (680 watts system), which is greener and more efficient was used for the synthesis of SAFAME at 99.3% conversion using 2 wt% sulfuric acid catalyst within 30 min as well as for the synthesis of SE at 82.5% conversion using 5 wt% K2CO3 catalyst within 45 min. Both synthesis steps were monitored and characterized by using thin‐layer chromatography, gas chromatography, 1H NMR, and FT‐IR. The surface tension of 1% aq. solution of SE was 29.58 mN m−1, while the interfacial tension of n‐heptane‐1% aq. solution was observed to be 3.29 mN m−1. The critical micelle concentration was 74.24 mg L−1. Foaming properties, emulsion stability, and wetting power were determined by using standard techniques. The SE was used for the development of desensitizing anticavity toothpaste formulation and the various properties were evaluated in comparison with the commercial toothpaste formulation available in the market. The results show that the partially renewable surfactants like sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) can be replaced partially or fully with the biobased renewable SE surfactants in the various personal care formulations including toothpaste.
Development and Validation of a Point‐of‐Care‐Ultrasound Image Quality Assessment Tool
Authors: Dessie Almaz S. , Calhoun Aaron W. , Kanjanauptom Panida , Gilbert Gregory E. , Ekpenyong Atim , Lewiss Resa E. , Rabiner Joni E. , Tsze Daniel S. , Kessler David O. 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesWe aimed to develop a standardized scoring tool to measure point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) image quality and to determine validity evidence for its use to assess lung ultrasound image quality.MethodsThe POCUS Image Quality (POCUS IQ) scale was developed by POCUS‐trained physicians to assess sonographers' image acquisition skills by evaluating image quality for any POCUS application. The scale was piloted using lung images of healthy standardized patients acquired by three expert sonographers compared to three novices before and after training. All images (experts, novices pre‐training, novices post‐training) were scored on the POCUS IQ scale by three blinded POCUS‐trained physicians. Reliability was assessed with fully‐crossed generalizability and decision studies. Validity was assessed using Messick's framework.ResultsContent validity was supported by the tool's development process of literature review, expert consensus, and pilot testing. Response process was supported by reviewer training and the blinded scoring process. Relation to other variables was supported by scores relating to sonographer experience: median expert score = 10.5/14 (IQR: 4), median novice pre‐training score = 6/14 (IQR: 2.25), and novices' improvement after training (median post‐training score = 12/14, IQR: 3.25). Internal structure was supported by internal consistency data (coefficient alpha = 0.84, omega coefficient = 0.91) and the generalizability study showing the main contributor to score variability was the sonographer (51%). The G‐coefficient was 0.89, suggesting very good internal structure, however, Gwet's AC2 was 0.5, indicating moderate interrater reliability. The D study projected a minimum of 1 reviewer and 2 patients are needed for good psychometric reliability.ConclusionsThe POCUS scale has good preliminary validity evidence as an assessment tool for lung POCUS image acquisition skills. Further studies are needed to demonstrate its utility for other POCUS applications and as a feedback tool for POCUS learners.
Brain Atrophy Is Substantially Accelerated in Neurological Wilson's Disease: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Smolinski Lukasz , Ziemssen Tjalf , Akgun Katja , Antos Agnieszka , Skowrońska Marta , Kurkowska‐Jastrzębska Iwona , Członkowska Anna , Litwin Tomasz 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlthough brain atrophy is common in neurological Wilson's disease, longitudinal studies are lacking.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to measure longitudinal brain atrophy rate and to relate it to the change in neurological impairment in Wilson's disease.MethodsWe included patients with brain imaging done at diagnosis and at least 12 months later. The atrophy rate was measured as percentage change in ventricular volume, whereas the change in neurological impairment was scored on the Unified Wilson's Disease Rating Scale.ResultsOf 57 patients, 36 had neurological presentation, 17 had hepatic presentation, and 4 were presymptomatic. The annualized atrophy rate was significantly greater in patients with the neurological presentation than in other patients (P = 0.001). In the neurological presentation, the atrophy rate correlated with the change in impairment (rho = 0.39, P = 0.018) and was significantly greater in those with worsening after diagnosis than in those without worsening (P < 0.001).ConclusionsBrain atrophy rate appears as a promising marker of neurodegeneration in Wilson's disease. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Identification of a novel CACNA1F mutation in a Chinese family with CORDX3
Authors: Du Meng , Li Yang , Zheng Panpan , Zhong Liang , Zhao Weili , Zhang Yuxin , Gu Haiyan , Li Xue , Liu Zanchao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundX‐linked cone‐rod dystrophy (CORDX) is one form of inherited retinal disorders (IRDs) characterized by progressive dysfunction of photoreceptor. Three types of CORDX were reported and CACNA1F gene defect can cause CORDX3. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenic variant in a Chinese family with IRD.MethodsThe two affected subjects including the proband and his elder sister underwent ophthalmic examinations. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in the proband at first, then co‐segregation analysis was performed in the family by Sanger sequencing. Minigene approach was used to verify the effect of the mutation on the splicing of CACNA1F. X‐chromosomal inactivation assay was performed to evaluate the inactivation patterns of the female carriers.ResultsThe ophthalmic examination results of the proband fit the clinical description of CORDX3, and the female patient presented with only mild symptoms due to mildly skewed X‐chromosomal inactivation (ratio 67: 33). Molecular genetic testing identified a novel splice‐site mutation c.3847‐2A > G in CACNA1F (NM_005183.4) gene in the patients, which inherited from their asymptomatic mother. Minigene approach confirmed that c.3847‐2A > G could affect the splicing of CACNA1F.ConclusionOur study identified a novel splice‐site mutation in the CACNA1F gene, which expanded the mutational spectrum of CACNA1F‐releated diseases and demonstrated the importance of combining clinical and genetic testing in the diagnosis of IRDs.
Over the rainbow: Sexual minorities' bonding and bridging social capital and civic engagement
Authors: Lee Young‐joo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study examines sexual minorities' participation in civic engagement using the theory of social capital. The analysis of the data from a US national survey shows that sexual minorities' bonding capital within the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community is positively associated with their civic engagement on LGBT issues, while it is negatively associated with their participation in activities addressing other social issues. Sexual minorities' bridging social capital as generalized trust is positively associated with their civic engagement for non‐LGBT issues, but it has no statistically significant relationship with their civic engagement on LGBT issues. Overall, the findings reveal that sexual minorities' civic engagement beyond LGBT activism is closely related to their generalized trust and reciprocity in society. These findings suggest that an organizational culture of non‐discrimination and equity will help create more diverse and inclusive philanthropy.
Nanoparticles positioning effect on properties of (PS‐PANI/NiNPs) nanocomposite films
Authors: Ahmad Mais Jamil A. , Telfah Ahmad , Al‐Bataineh Qais M. , Tavares Carlos J. , Hergenröder Roland 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis work presents the effect of driven nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) towards the surface of (PS‐PANI)/NiNPs nanocomposite upon the application of a uniform magnetic field. The purpose is to obtain distinguishable optoelectronic and electrical properties. This process increases the surface roughness and its reactivity, and enables the tuning of the optical and electrical properties. Based on the results from X‐ray photoelectron and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopies, the magnetically‐driven NiNPs to the surface are oxidized, forming NiONPs and NiOHNPs. This oxidation effect transforms the surface from a hydrophilic to a hydrophobic state. In addition, the optical bandgap energy decreases from 4.04 to 3.77 eV, and the electrical conductivity increases from 12.77 μS/cm to 57.80 μS/cm and 77.52 μS/cm, for 50 and 100 mT magnetic fields, respectively, which is attributed to the well‐dispersed magnetic nanoparticles in the PS‐PANI polymer matrix, resulting in a high homogeneous nanocomposite film.
Complementarity of mental content and logistic algorithms in a taxonomy of cognitive functions
Authors: Zhao Chen , Enriquez Paloma , Izadifar Morteza , Pöppel Ernst , Bao Yan , Zabotkina Vera 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIt is maintained that a classification or taxonomy of functions is required to reflect cognitive functions. On the basis of the epistemological position of a pragmatic monism, it can be stated that cognitive functions are evolutionary products, and furthermore that their availability is dependent on the structural and operational integrity of neural modules and networks. Loss of functions as a consequence of local injuries or the disruption of neural networks can be used to develop a catalog of functions. The logic is as follows: the loss of a function is a proof of its existence. On a general level, two complementary domains of functions are distinguished in this taxonomy. The first domain consists of those functions that represent the content of subjective phenomena, such as percepts in different modalities, memories, emotions, volitions, intentions, or speech acts (the “what”). The second consists of those functions that make conscious content possible as a necessary condition, such as activation (being modulated for instance by the circadian rhythm), the temporal control of functions (on different time‐scales using distinct neural algorithms), or attentional mechanisms (for instance spatial attention under endogenous or exogenous control), and we refer to these functions as logistic functions (the “how”). Complementarity as a generative principle is a prime characteristic of this taxonomy with both content and logistic functions.
Controlled‐release alginate‐bentonite polymer gel granules of emamectin benzoate and control efficacy against Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Zhu Feng , Zhang Haiyan , Chen Caijun , Long Yujun , Liao Guohui , Chen Minggui , Qin Lixin , Chen Xiangyan , He Yongfu , Chen Zhuo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is known to cause large agricultural production losses. Emamectin benzoate is one of the most effective insecticides to control this pest; however, its effective time is not sufficiently long to control FAW. Therefore, it is important that new controlled insecticide formulations with new application methods are developed.ResultsA series of emamectin benzoate polymer gel granules were prepared with sizes ranging from 0.95 to 1.5 mm. As the bentonite content increased, the release rate decreased. The cumulative release process of emamectin benzoate mainly depends on the cracks in the surface of the granules, and the release rate can be described by non‐Fickian and Fickian diffusion, which are closely related to the water content. By spreading the developed polymer gel granules into maize leaf whorls, the control effect reached 83% after 21 days in field trials.ConclusionA novel polymer gel granule was developed that can effectively regulate emamectin benzoate release. By broadcasting polymer gel granules into maize leaf whorls, significant control efficacy against FAW can be obtained, and this could potentially be used for the effective control of FAW. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Green and Scalable Template‐Free Strategy to Fabricate Honeycomb‐Like Interconnected Porous Micro‐Sized Layered Sb for High‐Performance Potassium Storage
Authors: Liu Xi , Zhu Junlu , Yue Liguo , Wang Xinying , Wang Wei , Zheng Tongjun , Li Yunyong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe tremendous volume change and severe pulverization of micro‐sized Sb anode generate no stable capacity in potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). The honeycomb‐like porous structure provides free spaces to accommodate its volume expansion and offers efficient ion transport, yet complex synthesis and low yield limits its large‐scale application. Here, a green, scalable template‐free method for designing a 3D honeycomb‐like interconnected porous micro‐sized Sb (porous‐Sb) is proposed. Its honeycomb‐like porous formation mechanism is also verified. Under hydrothermal conditions, Sb reacts with water and dissolved oxygen in water, undergoing non‐homogeneous and continuous corrosion at grain boundaries, and producing soluble H2Sb2O6 (H2O), which regulates the porous structure of Sb by controlling reaction time. Benefiting from its porous structure and micron size, porous‐Sb anode displays large gravimetric and volumetric capacities with 655.5 mAh g−1 and 2,001.9 mAh cm−3 at 0.05 A g−1 and superior rate performance of 441.9 mAh g−1 at 2.0 A g−1 in PIBs. Furthermore, ex situ characterization and kinetic analysis uncover the small volume expansion and fast K+ reaction kinetics of porous Sb during potassiation/depotassiation, originating from its large electrolyte contact area and internal expansion mechanism. It verifies a green, scalable template‐free strategy to construct honeycomb‐like porous metals for energy storage and conversion.
Postlesson affordance‐based reflective discussion in ELT classes
Authors: Nguyen Quang Nhat 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article points out the need for postlesson affordance‐based reflective discussions as the traditional outcome‐based approach does not allow high levels of reflection to take place. After introducing the iceberg of reflection, it proposes a theoretical ground for discussions on the premise of learning affordances. Identifying the learning opportunities and factors of inhibition, teachers can holistically assess their teaching practices and orient the direction of future lessons. The article also suggests that postlesson affordance‐based discussions should channel more diverse stakeholders with teacher–student discussions, peer discussions, and self‐discussions based on the four lenses of critical reflection. Teachers can also invite different stakeholders in a joint discussion so that different voices can triangulate and complement each other. Acknowledging the importance of differential learning and teaching, the author recommends how teachers can hold discussions in different classroom contexts to foster language emergence and empower learners.
Maximizing Small‐Group Reading Instruction
Authors: Conradi Smith Kristin , Amendum Steven J. , Williams Tamara W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this article, the authors revisit the common practice of small‐group reading instruction. They challenge the idea of grouping readers based on text levels and instead review supplemental intervention group research that suggests targeted skill practice as a more optimal use of time in small groups. They then present the ABCs—a focus on assessment, basics & books, and clarity in communication—as the central principles that should guide how we instruct reading in small groups.
Entropy variations and light ray operators from replica defects
Authors: Balakrishnan Srivatsan , Chandrasekaran Venkatesa , Faulkner Thomas , Levine Adam , Shahbazi-Moghaddam Arvin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We study the defect operator product expansion (OPE) of displacement operators in free and interacting conformal field theories using replica methods. We show that as n approaches 1 a contact term can emerge when the OPE contains defect operators of twist d − 2. For interacting theories and general states we give evidence that the only possibility is from the defect operator that becomes the stress tensor in the n → 1 limit. This implies that the quantum null energy condition (QNEC) is always saturated for CFTs with a twist gap. As a check, we show independently that in a large class of near vacuum states, the second variation of the entanglement entropy is given by a simple correlation function of averaged null energy operators as studied by Hofman and Maldacena. This suggests that sub-leading terms in the defect OPE are controlled by a defect version of the spin-3 non-local light ray operator and we speculate about the possible origin of such a defect operator. For free theories this contribution condenses to a contact term that leads to violations of QNEC saturation.