bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bionic Artificial Self-Recovery Enables Autonomous Health of Machine
Authors: Jinji Gao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper explores Engineering self-recoveries theory, which emerged from the research of Bionics to meet the great demand of modern high-risk process manufacturing and the development of aerospace vehicles. Bionics opens a new era in which artefact s learn from natural objects. With the rapid development of the industrial Internet and Artificial intelligence technology, we have gained a deep understanding of the law of fault generation and development, which provides an opportunity for the emergence of Engineering self-recoveries theory. Engineering self-recoveries expands the research field of Cybernetics and Engineering cybernetics, endows machines with the self-recovery mechanism, which is unique to humans and animals, and enables machines to store, supplement and activate self-recovery power to maintain body health. Bionics research on Artificial intelligence has greatly enhanced the function of imitating the human brain, but has ignored the important system and function of humans and animals to maintain their own health—the self-recovery system and self-recovery function. Artificial intelligence imitates the conscious thinking control behaviour of the human brain to realize automation and intellectualization, making machines smarter. Artificial self-recovery can imitate the self-recovery mechanism of human unconscious thinking, and prevent and suppress faults in operation to realize self-recovery, possibly making machines healthier. Artificial self-recovery technology includes self-repair, compensation, self-protection and self-recovery regulation. Engineering self-recoveries is the basis of the autonomous health of machines and even artificial systems, and a new research field of Bionics. This has broad application prospects in engineering.
Diagnostic Tests for Hypofibrinogenemia Resulting from Green Pit Viper (Trimeresurus albolabris) Envenomation: A Simulated In Vitro Study
Authors: Tiyawat Gawin , Lohajaroensub Sirin , Othong Rittirak 
Published: October 2022

Introduction The green pit viper (GPV) Trimeresurus albolabris is found in Southeast Asia. Its venom has a thrombin-like activity that can cause hypofibrinogenemia. Fibrinogen measurement is not always available. We aimed to establish a more available diagnostic tool indicating hypofibrinogenemia caused by GPV envenomation. Methods This was an in vitro study, in which healthy subjects aged 20 to 45 y were enrolled. There were 2 experiments. In Experiment 1, blood samples from 1 subject had varying amounts of T albolabris venom added to determine its effect on the fibrinogen level (FL). In Experiment 2, 3 sets of blood samples were obtained from another 25 subjects. The 2 venom doses established in Experiment 1 were used on 2 sets of the samples to simulate severe (FL <1.0 g·L−1) and mild hypofibrinogenemia (FL 1.0–1.7 g·L−1). The third set of samples was venom-free. All samples were used for platelet counts, prothrombin time (PT)/international normalized ratio (INR)/activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and 2 bedside clotting tests. Diagnostic parameters were calculated against the target FL of <1.0 g·L−1 and <1.7 g·L−1. Results Twenty-five subjects were enrolled in Experiment 2. On referencing normal cutoff values (platelet count >150,000 cells/mm3, venous clotting time <15 min, normal 20-min whole blood clotting time, INR <1.2, aPTT <30), we found abnormalities of 5, 0, 0, 3, and 22%, respectively. The highest correlation with hypofibrinogenemia was provided by PT/INR. For an FL of <1.0 g·L−1, PT and INR revealed the highest areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.76 (95% CI, 0.55–0.97) and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.57–0.97), respectively. The highest accuracy and the highest sensitivity were provided by PT/INR. Conclusions PT/INR could be used as a diagnostic test for severe hypofibrinogenemia in GPV envenomation because of its high accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.
Cold Compaction and Macro‐Porosity Removal in Rubble‐Pile Asteroids: 1. Theory
Authors: Zhang Zhongtian , Bercovici David , Elkins‐Tanton Linda 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMany asteroids are likely to be have been shattered by collisions into fragments and reaccumulated as gravitationally‐bound rubble piles. These bodies may contain large porosities, although this picture may be complicated by compaction inside the asteroid body. Estimates of asteroid mass and volume imply a negative correlation between size and porosity for stony asteroids. Asteroids that are suspected to be metallic appear to contain larger porosities than stony asteroids of similar sizes. To understand these observations, we develop models for cold compaction of fragments of different materials. The initial boulder size distributions are assumed to be narrow. We focus on macro‐porosity between the boulders and do not consider micro‐porosity inside the boulders. In our model of silicate/chondritic boulders, compaction is assumed to occur through cataclastic fracturing, which creates small pieces that fill the pores between residual large boulders, leading to fractal‐like distributions. This fracturing occurs when compression leads to stresses exceeding the tensile strength of the boulders. Combining this model with data on meteorite strength, we suggest that the compaction of chondritic boulders can be significant at pressures of several megapascals. In our model of metal boulders, we consider cold welding and boulder deformation (through ductile yielding or brittle‐like fracturing, depending on the stress and intrinsic crack size). Given the properties of iron meteorites, we infer that compaction in metallic rubble piles, caused by ductile or brittle deformation, is small, and that cold welding may lead to large (≳50%) porosities if the boulders are of ∼1 m sizes.
Characterizing Seasonal and Residual Ices at the South Pole of Mars Using a Universal Set of CRISM Spectral Endmembers
Authors: Cartwright S. F. A. , Calvin W. M. , Seelos K. D. , Seelos F. P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCurrent maps of compositional variation across south polar ice exposures on Mars do not resolve the meter‐scales at which erosional processes are most active, ultimately limiting our understanding of how the deposits form and evolve and how they can be used to interpret long‐term climate records. In this study, we use k‐means clustering and random forest classification to identify and map a set of universal spectral endmembers across 167 high‐resolution observations acquired during southern summer by the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars. The 21 endmembers show distinct combinations and strengths of key infrared absorption features reflecting diverse mixtures of CO2 ice, H2O ice, and dust. The resulting compositional framework can be used to characterize the nature of both seasonal CO2 frost and the residual ices it overlies across a variety of terrains. Following the large dust event of Mars Year 28, the residual CO2‐ice deposits (RCD) were covered by an unusually thick or long‐lived deposit of seasonal frost. Within the RCD, low‐albedo material around erosional features display H2O ice absorptions consistent with exposures around the outer margins of the RCD. These peripheral water‐ice deposits show unexpected variation in CO2 ice and dust content. Most notably, regions within several km of the edge of the RCD display spectral contributions from CO2 ice even after seasonal frost has been removed. These results can inform investigations focused on the dynamics of seasonal CO2 deposition, the development of erosional morphologies, and the creation of climate records in south polar stratigraphy.
Uncovering Basal Friction in Northwest Greenland Using an Ice Flow Model and Observations of the Past Decade
Authors: Choi Youngmin , Seroussi Helene , Gardner Alex , Schlegel Nicole‐Jeanne 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGlaciers move under the pull of gravity due to a combination of internal deformation (creep) and basal sliding. Basal sliding dominates ice motion in fast flowing areas, and an accurate description of sliding in ice flow models is therefore critical to adequately capture ice dynamics and its temporal evolution. However, there is currently no consensus on the exact form of basal friction law, as direct observations of basal properties remain limited. Using an ice flow model and observations of the past decade, we evaluate a variety of friction laws and determine their ability to reproduce the observed acceleration and mass loss of marine‐terminating glaciers in northwest Greenland. We find that friction laws that include an explicit dependence on the effective pressure better reproduce the observed acceleration and mass loss overall, with semi‐plastic basal laws describing some glaciers well. Our glacier‐scale model evaluation suggests heterogeneous bed conditions under northwest Greenland, which cannot be detected from the results of regional changes. Accounting for heterogeneous bed conditions, this region might contribute 15 mm to sea level rise by 2100, twice as much as predicted from models based on commonly used uniform bed conditions.
Influences of Mesoscale Ocean Eddies on Flow Vertical Structure in a Resolution‐Based Model Hierarchy
Authors: Yankovsky Elizabeth , Zanna Laure , Smith K. Shafer 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe understanding and representation of energetic transfers associated with ocean mesoscale eddies is fundamental to the development of parameterizations for climate models. We investigate the influence of eddies on flow vertical structure as a function of underlying dynamical regime and grid resolution. We employ the GFDL‐MOM6 in an idealized configuration and systematically consider four horizontal resolutions: 1/4°, 1/8°, 1/16°, and 1/32°. We analyze the distributions of potential and kinetic energy, decomposed into barotropic and baroclinic, and eddy and mean parts. As resolution increases and baroclinically unstable modes are better captured, kinetic energy increases and potential energy decreases. The dominant trend in vertical structure is an increasing fraction of kinetic energy going into the barotropic mode, particularly its eddy component, as eddies are increasingly resolved. We attribute the increased baroclinicity at low resolutions to inaccurate representation of vertical energy fluxes, leading to suppressed barotropization and energy trapping in high vertical modes. We also explore how the underlying dynamical regime influences energetic pathways. In cases where large‐scale flow is dominantly barotropic, resolving the deformation radius is less crucial to accurately capturing the flow's vertical structure. We find the barotropic kinetic energy fraction to be a useful metric in assessing vertical structure. In the highest‐resolution case, the barotropic kinetic energy fraction correlates with the scale separation between the deformation scale and the energy‐containing scale, that is, the extent of the eddy‐driven inverse cascade. This work suggests that mesoscale eddy parameterizations should incorporate the energetic effects of eddies on vertical structure in a scale‐aware, physically informed manner.
Inhibition of p38 MAPK or immunoproteasome overcomes resistance of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells to Bcl-2 antagonist venetoclax
Authors: Avsec Damjan , Škrlj Miklavčič Marja , Burnik Tilen , Kandušer Maša , Bizjak Maruša , Podgornik Helena , Mlinarič-Raščan Irena 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a hematological neoplasm of CD19-positive mature-appearing B lymphocytes. Despite the clinical success of targeted therapies in CLL, the development of resistance diminishes their therapeutic activity. This is also true for the Bcl-2 antagonist venetoclax. We investigated the molecular mechanisms that drive venetoclax resistance in CLL, with a clear focus to provide new strategies to successfully combat it. Activation of CLL cells with IFNγ, PMA/ionomycin, and sCD40L diminished the cytotoxicity of venetoclax. We demonstrated that the metabolic activity of cells treated with 1 nM venetoclax alone was 48% of untreated cells, and was higher for cells co-treated with IFNγ (110%), PMA/ionomycin (78%), and sCD40L (62%). As of molecular mechanism, we showed that PMA/ionomycin and sCD40L triggered translocation of NFκB in primary CLL cells, while IFNγ activated p38 MAPK, suppressed spontaneous and venetoclax-induced apoptosis and induced formation of the immunoproteasome. Inhibition of immunoproteasome with ONX-0914 suppressed activity of immunoproteasome and synergized with venetoclax against primary CLL cells. On the other hand, inhibition of p38 MAPK abolished cytoprotective effects of IFNγ. We demonstrated that venetoclax-resistant (MEC-1 VER) cells overexpressed p38 MAPK and p-Bcl-2 (Ser70), and underexpressed Mcl-1, Bax, and Bak. Inhibition of p38 MAPK or immunoproteasome triggered apoptosis in CLL cells and overcame the resistance to venetoclax of MEC-1 VER cells and venetoclax-insensitive primary CLL cells. In conclusion, the p38 MAPK pathway and immunoproteasome represent novel targets to combat venetoclax resistance in CLL.
Variation in the fruit development gene POINTED TIP regulates protuberance of tomato fruit tip
Authors: Song Jianwen , Shang Lele , Li Changxing , Wang Wenqian , Wang Xin , Zhang Chunli , Ai Guo , Ye Jie , Yang Changxian , Li Hanxia , Hong Zonglie , Larkin Robert M. , Ye Zhibiao , Zhang Junhong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe domestication of tomato has led to striking variations in fruit morphology. Here, we show a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to understand the development of the fruit tip and describe aPOINTED TIP(PT) gene that encodes a C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factor. A single nucleotide polymorphism is found to change a histidine (H) to an arginine (R) in the C2H2 domain of PT and the two alleles are referred to asPTHandPTR. Knocking outPTHleads to development of pointed tip fruit.PTHfunctions to suppress pointed tip formation by downregulating the transcription ofFRUTFULL 2(FUL2), which alters the auxin transport. Our evolutionary analysis and previous studies by others suggest that thePTRallele likely hitch-hiked along with other selected loci during the domestication process. This study uncovers variation inPTand molecular mechanism underlying fruit tip development in tomato.
Selective control of conductance modes in multi-terminal Josephson junctions
Authors: Graziano Gino V. , Gupta Mohit , Pendharkar Mihir , Dong Jason T. , Dempsey Connor P. , Palmstrøm Chris , Pribiag Vlad S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Andreev bound state spectra of multi-terminal Josephson junctions form an artificial band structure, which is predicted to host tunable topological phases under certain conditions. However, the number of conductance modes between the terminals of a multi-terminal Josephson junction must be few in order for this spectrum to be experimentally accessible. In this work, we employ a quantum point contact geometry in three-terminal Josephson devices to demonstrate independent control of conductance modes between each pair of terminals and access to the single-mode regime coexistent with the presence of superconducting coupling. These results establish a full platform on which to realize tunable Andreev bound state spectra in multi-terminal Josephson junctions.
Realizing high-ranged thermoelectric performance in PbSnS2 crystals
Authors: Zhan Shaoping , Hong Tao , Qin Bingchao , Zhu Yingcai , Feng Xiang , Su Lizhong , Shi Haonan , Liang Hao , Zhang Qianfan , Gao Xiang , Ge Zhen-Hua , Zheng Lei , Wang Dongyang , Zhao Li-Dong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGreat progress has been achieved in p-type SnS thermoelectric compound recently, while the stagnation of the n-type counterpart hinders the construction of thermoelectric devices. Herein, n-type sulfide PbSnS2with isostructural to SnS is obtained through Pb alloying and achieves a maximumZTof ~1.2 and an averageZTof ~0.75 within 300–773 K, which originates from enhanced power factor and intrinsically ultralow thermal conductivity. Combining the optimized carrier concentration by Cl doping and enlarged Seebeck coefficient through activating multiple conduction bands evolutions with temperature, favorable power factors are maintained. Besides, the electron doping stabilizes the phase of PbSnS2and the complex-crystal-structure induced strong anharmonicity results in ultralow lattice thermal conductivity. Moreover, a maximum power generation efficiency of ~2.7% can be acquired in a single-leg device. Our study develops a n-type sulfide PbSnS2with high performance, which is a potential candidate to match the excellent p-type SnS.
Integrative analysis of KRAS wildtype metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma reveals mutation and expression-based similarities to cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Topham James T. , Tsang Erica S. , Karasinska Joanna M. , Metcalfe Andrew , Ali Hassan , Kalloger Steve E. , Csizmok Veronika , Williamson Laura M. , Titmuss Emma , Nielsen Karina , Negri Gian Luca , Spencer Miko Sandra E. , Jang Gun Ho , Denroche Robert E. , Wong Hui-li , O’Kane Grainne M. , Moore Richard A. , Mungall Andrew J. , Loree Jonathan M. , Notta Faiyaz , Wilson Julie M. , Bathe Oliver F. , Tang Patricia A. , Goodwin Rachel , Morin Gregg B. , Knox Jennifer J. , Gallinger Steven , Laskin Janessa , Marra Marco A. , Jones Steven J. M. , Schaeffer David F. , Renouf Daniel J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOncogenic KRAS mutations are absent in approximately 10% of patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC) and may represent a subgroup of mPDAC with therapeutic options beyond standard-of-care cytotoxic chemotherapy. While distinct gene fusions have been implicated in KRAS wildtype mPDAC, information regarding other types of mutations remain limited, and gene expression patterns associated with KRAS wildtype mPDAC have not been reported. Here, we leverage sequencing data from the PanGen trial to perform comprehensive characterization of the molecular landscape of KRAS wildtype mPDAC and reveal increased frequency of chr1q amplification encompassing transcription factors PROX1 and NR5A2. By leveraging data from colorectal adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma samples, we highlight similarities between cholangiocarcinoma and KRAS wildtype mPDAC involving both mutation and expression-based signatures and validate these findings using an independent dataset. These data further establish KRAS wildtype mPDAC as a unique molecular entity, with therapeutic opportunities extending beyond gene fusion events.
Nigrostriatal dopamine pathway regulates auditory discrimination behavior
Authors: Chen Allen P. F. , Malgady Jeffrey M. , Chen Lu , Shi Kaiyo W. , Cheng Eileen , Plotkin Joshua L. , Ge Shaoyu , Xiong Qiaojie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe auditory striatum, the tail portion of dorsal striatum in basal ganglia, is implicated in perceptual decision-making, transforming auditory stimuli to action outcomes. Despite its known connections to diverse neurological conditions, the dopaminergic modulation of sensory striatal neuronal activity and its behavioral influences remain unknown. We demonstrated that the optogenetic inhibition of dopaminergic projections from the substantia nigra pars compacta to the auditory striatum specifically impairs mouse choice performance but not movement in an auditory frequency discrimination task. In vivo dopamine and calcium imaging in freely behaving mice revealed that this dopaminergic projection modulates striatal tone representations, and tone-evoked striatal dopamine release inversely correlated with the evidence strength of tones. Optogenetic inhibition of D1-receptor expressing neurons and pharmacological inhibition of D1 receptors in the auditory striatum dampened choice performance accuracy. Our study uncovers a phasic mechanism within the nigrostriatal system that regulates auditory decisions by modulating ongoing auditory perception.
A supraparticle-based biomimetic cascade catalyst for continuous flow reaction
Authors: Guo Xiaomiao , Xue Nan , Zhang Ming , Ettelaie Rammile , Yang Hengquan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRobust millimeter-sized spherical particles with controlled compositions and microstructures hold promises of important practical applications especially in relation to continuous flow cascade catalysis. However, the efficient fabrication methods for producing such particles remain scare. Here, we demonstrate a liquid marble approach to fabricate robust mm-sized porous supraparticles (SPs) through the bottom-up assembly of silica nanoparticles in the presence of strength additive or surface interactions, without the need for the specific liquid-repellent surfaces used by the existing methods. As the proof of the concept, our method was exemplified by fabricating biomimetic cascade catalysts through assembly of two types of well-defined catalytically active nanoparticles. The obtained SP-based cascade catalysts work well in industrially preferred fixed-bed reactors, exhibiting excellent catalysis efficiency, controlled reaction kinetics, high enantioselectivity (99% ee) and outstanding stability (200~500 h) in the cascades of ketone hydrogenation-kinetic resolution and amine racemization-kinetic resolution. The excellent catalytic performances are attributed to the structural features, reconciling close proximity of different catalytic sites and their sufficient spatial isolation.
The hallmarks of dietary intervention-resilient gut microbiome
Authors: Klimenko Natalia S. , Odintsova Vera E. , Revel-Muroz Anastasia , Tyakht Alexander V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMaintaining equilibrium of the gut microbiome is crucial for human health. Diet represents an important and generally accessible natural channel of controlling the nutrients supply to the intestinal microorganisms. Although many studies showed that dietary interventions can specifically modulate gut microbiome composition, further progress of the approach is complicated by interindividual variability of the microbial community response. The reported causes of this variability include the baseline microbiome composition features, but it is unclear whether any of them are intervention-specific. Here, we applied a unified computational framework to investigate the variability of microbiome response measured as beta diversity in eight various dietary interventions using previously published 16S rRNA sequencing datasets. We revealed a number of baseline microbiome features which determine the microbiome response in an intervention-independent manner. One of the most stable associations, reproducible for different interventions and enterotypes, was a negative dependence of the response on the average number of genes per microorganism in the community—an indicator of the community functional redundancy. Meanwhile, many revealed microbiome response determinants were enterotype-specific. In Bact1 and Rum enterotypes, the response was negatively correlated with the baseline abundance of their main drivers. Additionally, we proposed a method for preliminary assessment of the microbiome response. Our study delineats the universal features determining microbiome response to diverse interventions. The proposed approach is promising for understanding the mechanisms of gut microbiome stability and improving the efficacy of personalised microbiome-tailored interventions.