bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haemodynamic performance of 16–20-mm extracardiac Goretex conduits in adolescent Fontan patients at rest and during simulated exercise
Authors: Rijnberg Friso M , van ‘t Hul Luca C , Hazekamp Mark G , van den Boogaard Pieter J , Juffermans Joe F , Lamb Hildo J , Terol Espinosa de Los Monteros Covadonga , Kroft Lucia J M , Kenjeres Sasa , le Cessie Saskia , Jongbloed Monique R M , Westenberg Jos J M , Roest Arno A W , Wentzel Jolanda J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To date, it is not known if 16–20-mm extracardiac conduits are outgrown during somatic growth from childhood to adolescence. This study aims to determine total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) haemodynamics in adolescent Fontan patients at rest and during simulated exercise and to assess the relationship between conduit size and haemodynamics.

METHODS
Patient-specific, magnetic resonance imaging-based computational fluid dynamic models of the TCPC were performed in 51 extracardiac Fontan patients with 16–20-mm conduits. Power loss, pressure gradient and normalized resistance were quantified in rest and during simulated exercise. The cross-sectional area (CSA) (mean and minimum) of the vessels of the TCPC was determined and normalized for flow rate (mm2/l/min). Peak (predicted) oxygen uptake was assessed.

RESULTS
The median age was 16.2 years (Q1–Q3 14.0–18.2). The normalized mean conduit CSA was 35–73% smaller compared to the inferior and superior vena cava, hepatic veins and left/right pulmonary artery (all P &lt; 0.001). The median TCPC pressure gradient was 0.7 mmHg (Q1–Q3 0.5–0.8) and 2.0 (Q1–Q3 1.4–2.6) during rest and simulated exercise, respectively. A moderate–strong inverse non-linear relationship was present between normalized mean conduit CSA and TCPC haemodynamics in rest and exercise. TCPC pressure gradients of ≥1.0 at rest and ≥3.0 mmHg during simulated exercise were observed in patients with a conduit CSA ≤ 45 mm2/l/min and favourable haemodynamics (&lt;1 mmHg during both rest and exercise) in conduits ≥125 mm2/l/min. Normalized TCPC resistance correlated with (predicted) peak oxygen uptake.

CONCLUSIONS
Extracardiac conduits of 16–20 mm have become relatively undersized in most adolescent Fontan patients leading to suboptimal haemodynamics.
Masked by the mean: immigrants in school and differential effects on student achievements
Authors: Borgen Solveig T 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Immigrant inflows to Europe have changed student compositions in and across schools. Despite the strong intuition that peers matter for student outcomes, a comprehensive literature finds nil or moderate effects of immigrant peers. This study explores three reasons for this mismatch. First, it uses quantile regressions to reveal whether estimates on the average of the outcome mask differential effects across the outcome distribution. Second, it estimates the effect of attending schools with different immigrant shares, which is a composite of peer effects and the effects of school traits. Third, it compares the effects on teacher-assigned grades and objective standardized tests to explore whether the effects of immigrant share are influenced by teachers’ grading practices. The results show that high achievers in schools with higher immigrant shares get better grades from their teachers, likely because they are assessed relative to peers with lower academic and socioeconomic levels. However, they show no sign of improved test scores. In contrast, low achievers obtain better test scores when having immigrant peers and this academic improvement is not explained by the general academic and socioeconomic level among peers. The findings demonstrate that effects on the mean outcome mask differential effects across outcome distributions.
Linked generations: child’s transition into unemployment and parents’ mental well-being
Authors: Albertini Marco , Piccitto Giorgio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnemployment has a negative effect on the mental well-being of individuals who experience it. The well-being of the partners and children of these individuals is also negatively affected by this transition. Little is known, however, on the effect of the transition into unemployment on the mental well-being of the parents of unemployed people. This article analyses the association between child’s transition into unemployment and parents’ minor psychiatric morbidity, using the General Health Questionnaire score as a proxy. The effects of the length of the unemployment spell and the specific pathway into unemployment are investigated. Eventually, the moderating role of the national level of unemployment is also explored. Data from the British Household Panel Survey and Understanding Society are used. The results of the analyses indicate that child’s transition into unemployment has a small, statistically significant, negative effect on mothers’ mental well-being, whereas the effect on fathers’ distress is negligible. The association between mother’s mental well-being and child’s unemployment does not vary by the duration of the unemployment spell, or by the specific path into unemployment (from employment, studentship, or other inactive status). Differently, the negative effect of child’s unemployment on mother’s well-being is larger at higher levels of unemployment at the country level.
U-shaped relationship between apolipoprotein A1 levels and mortality risk in men and women
Authors: Faaborg-Andersen Christian C , Liu Chang , Subramaniyam Veerappan , Desai Shivang R , Sun Yan V , Wilson Peter W F , Sperling Laurence S , Quyyumi Arshed A 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundApolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) is the principal protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Although low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are known to be associated with greater cardiovascular risk, recent studies have also shown heightened mortality risk at very high HDL-C levels.AimsTo investigate the sex-specific association between elevated ApoA1 levels and adverse outcomes, and their genetic basis.MethodsA prospective cohort study of United Kingdom Biobank participants without coronary artery disease at enrollment was performed. The primary exposure was serum ApoA1 levels. The primary and secondary outcome measures were cardiovascular and all-cause death, respectively.ResultsIn 402 783 participants followed for a median of 12.1 years, there was a U-shaped relationship between ApoA1 levels and both cardiovascular as well as all-cause mortality, after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Individuals in the highest decile of ApoA1 levels (1.91–2.50 g/L) demonstrated higher cardiovascular (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.07–1.37, P &lt; 0.0022) and all-cause mortality (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07–1.21, P &lt; 0.0001) compared with those within the lowest risk eighth decile (1.67–1.75 g/L). The U-shaped relationship was present in both sexes, though more pronounced in men. Sensitivity analyses showed that cardiovascular mortality rates were higher in those with greater alcohol intake (P &lt; 0.004). Adjustment for polygenic variation associated with higher ApoA1 levels did not attenuate the effect of very high ApoA1 levels on mortality. In the sub-group with very elevated HDL-C levels (&gt; 80 mg/dL in men, &gt; 100 mg/dL in women), there was no association between ApoA1 levels and mortality.ConclusionBoth very low and very elevated ApoA1 levels are associated with higher cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.
Period effects in the risk of labour market marginalization among refugees in Sweden: a register-based cohort study
Authors: Kirchner Stefanie , Amin Ridwanul , Niederkrotenthaler Thomas , Cullen Alexis E , Gémes Katalin , Helgesson Magnus , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Changes in Swedish national insurance policies over time and/or migration-related health inequalities may influence the risk for labour market marginalization (LMM) in refugees as compared to the Swedish-born host population. This study aimed to investigate potential period effects in the association between refugee status and the risk of LMM and explore any differences by country of birth, age and duration of residence.

Methods
Using national registers, three cohorts including all Swedish residents during 1999, 2004 and 2009 were followed for 4 years (cohort 2000, 2005 and 2010). Cox regression models were used to examine associations between refugee status and LMM defined as long-term unemployment (&gt;180 days annually) and disability pension. The analyses were adjusted for socio-demographic factors, morbidities and labour market-related factors. Stratified analyses were run for age, country of birth and duration of residence.

Results
Across the cohorts, hazard ratios (HRs) were higher for long-term unemployment [2000: HR = 1.98; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.96–2.01; 2005: HR = 2.30; 95% CI: 2.27–2.33; 2010: HR = 2.78; 95% CI: 2.75–2.81] for refugees compared to Swedish-born but not for disability pension. HRs for long-term unemployment were highest among refugees aged 25–34 and 35–44 years, from Somalia, Afghanistan and Iraq and refugees with a shorter duration of residence.

Conclusions
The risk of long-term unemployment appears to have increased for refugees over time. Particularly some refugee subgroups experienced more difficulties. These findings highlight ongoing disparities for refugees and implicate on a broader scale that changes in policies such as stricter regulations in the insurance or healthcare system might adversely affect them.
The Polo kinase Cdc5 is regulated at multiple levels in the adaptation response to telomere dysfunction
Authors: Coutelier Héloïse , Ilioaia Oana , Le Peillet Jeanne , Hamon Marion , D’Amours Damien , Teixeira Maria Teresa , Xu Zhou 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Telomere dysfunction activates the DNA damage checkpoint to induce a cell cycle arrest. After an extended period of time, however, cells can bypass the arrest and undergo cell division despite the persistence of the initial damage, a process called adaptation to DNA damage. The Polo kinase Cdc5 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is essential for adaptation and for many other cell cycle processes. How the regulation of Cdc5 in response to telomere dysfunction relates to adaptation is not clear. Here, we report that Cdc5 protein level decreases after telomere dysfunction in a Mec1-, Rad53- and Ndd1-dependent manner. This regulation of Cdc5 is important to maintain long-term cell cycle arrest but not for the initial checkpoint arrest. We find that both Cdc5 and the adaptation-deficient mutant protein Cdc5-ad are heavily phosphorylated and several phosphorylation sites modulate adaptation efficiency. The PP2A phosphatases are involved in Cdc5-ad phosphorylation status and contribute to adaptation mechanisms. We finally propose that Cdc5 orchestrates multiple cell cycle pathways to promote adaptation.
A novel de novo FEM1C variant is linked to neurodevelopmental disorder with absent speech, pyramidal signs and limb ataxia
Authors: Dubey Abhishek Anil , Krygier Magdalena , Szulc Natalia A , Rutkowska Karolina , Kosińska Joanna , Pollak Agnieszka , Rydzanicz Małgorzata , Kmieć Tomasz , Mazurkiewicz-Bełdzińska Maria , Pokrzywa Wojciech , Płoski Rafał 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The principal component of the protein homeostasis network is the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Ubiquitination is mediated by an enzymatic cascade involving, i.e. E3 ubiquitin ligases, many of which belong to the cullin-RING ligases family. Genetic defects in the ubiquitin-proteasome system components, including cullin-RING ligases, are known causes of neurodevelopmental disorders. Using exome sequencing to diagnose a pediatric patient with developmental delay, pyramidal signs and limb ataxia, we identified a de novo missense variant c.376G&gt;C; p.(Asp126His) in the FEM1C gene encoding a cullin-RING ligase substrate receptor. This variant alters a conserved amino acid located within a highly constrained coding region and is predicted as pathogenic by most in silico tools. In addition, a de novo FEM1C mutation of the same residue p.(Asp126Val) was associated with an undiagnosed developmental disorder, and the relevant variant (FEM1CAsp126Ala) was found to be functionally compromised in vitro. Our computational analysis showed that FEM1CAsp126His hampers protein substrate binding. To further assess its pathogenicity, we used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that the FEM-1Asp133His animals (expressing variant homologous to the FEM1C p.(Asp126His)) had normal muscle architecture yet impaired mobility. Mutant worms were sensitive to the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor aldicarb but not levamisole (acetylcholine receptor agonist), showing that their disabled locomotion is caused by synaptic abnormalities and not muscle dysfunction. In conclusion, we provide the first evidence from an animal model suggesting that a mutation in the evolutionarily conserved FEM1C Asp126 position causes a neurodevelopmental disorder in humans.
Multi-decadal changes in the at-sea distribution and abundance of black-browed and light-mantled sooty albatrosses in the southwest Pacific Ocean
Authors: Sojitra Milan , Woehler Eric J , Lea Mary-Anne , Wotherspoon Simon 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Many long-term studies have reported changes in seabird abundance and distribution in response to climate change and various anthropogenic activities. However, a greater understanding of how species are responding to change over large spatial and temporal scales are required—particularly at high latitudes such as the Southern Ocean. We examined black-browed Thalassarche melanophris (BBAL) and light-mantled sooty Phoebetria palpebrata albatross (LMSA) observations spanning over 50 years. Both species have a wide-ranging distribution in a rapidly changing Southern Ocean. We used generalized additive models (GAMs) to investigate environmental drivers of their abundance and occurrence. Our results show that climate indices, sea surface temperature and sea surface height are the main drivers influencing the distribution and abundance of both species. The abundance of BBAL southeast of Australia was observed to be decreased substantially whereas no significant change was observed in the abundance of LMSA. Both species demonstrated contrasting distributions along their latitudinal gradient with BBAL showing early stages of a southward range shift. Our analyses suggest that responses to climate change are species-specific. These rare, long-term data have provided an understanding of species’ responses to past changes in the marine environment and can provide critical information for future conservation and management.
Midterm performance of decellularized equine pericardium in congenital heart surgery
Authors: Weixler Viktoria H M , Kuschnerus Kira , Romanchenko Olga , Ovroutski Stanislav , Cho Mi-Young , Berger Felix , Sigler Matthias , Sinzobahamvya Nicodème , Photiadis Joachim , Murin Peter 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective
The goal was to report the midterm performance of decellularized equine pericardium used for repair of various congenital heart defects in the paediatric population.

Methods
A retrospective review of all patients undergoing patch implants between 2016 and 2020 was performed. Patch quality, surgical handling, haemostasis and early patch-related complications were studied in all patients. Midterm performance was observed in patients with ≥12 months follow-up and an intact patch at discharge (without reoperation/stent implant).

Results
A total of 201 patients with a median age of 2.5 years [interquartile range: 0.6-6.5] underwent 207 procedures at 314 implant locations. The patch was used in the following numbers/locations: 171 for pulmonary artery (PA) augmentation, 36 for aortic repair, 35 for septal defect closure, 22 for valvular repair and 50 at other locations. Early/30-day mortality was 6.5%. Early patch-related reoperations/stent implants occurred in 28 locations (8.9%). No patch-related complications were noted except for bleeding in 3 locations (1%). Follow-up for ≥ 12 months was available for 132 patients/200 locations. During a median follow-up of 29.7 months [interquartile range: 20.7-38.3], 53 patch-related reoperations/catheter reinterventions occurred (26.5%), with the majority in the PA position (88.7%, 47/53). Overall 12- and 24-months freedom from patch-related reoperation/catheter reintervention per location was 91.5% (95% confidence interval: 86.7%-94.6%) and 85.2% (95% confidence interval: 78.9%-89.6%), respectively.

Conclusion
Decellularized equine pericardium used for repair of various congenital heart defects showed acceptable midterm performance. The range of reoperation/reintervention rates was similar to those observed with other xenogeneic materials in previously reported articles, occurring most frequently after PA augmentation.
Degeneration of Log Calabi–Yau Pairs via Log Canonical Places
Authors: Chen Guodu , Zhou Chuyu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Let $(X,\Delta )$ be a projective log canonical Calabi–Yau pair and $L$ an ample ${\mathbb {Q}}$-line bundle on $X$, we show that there is a correspondence between lc places of $(X,\Delta )$ and weakly special test configurations of $(X,\Delta ; L)$.
Rebel Child Soldiering and Conflict-Related Sexual Violence
Authors: Faulkner Christopher M , Welsh Blair 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhy do some rebel groups perpetrate sexual violence in armed conflict while others do not? A growing literature explores factors impacting the occurrence of conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV). We contribute to this literature, arguing that the composition of rebel groups can provide insight into patterns of sexual violence. We contend rebel groups that use child soldiers, and especially those that rely heavily on coercive child recruitment practices, are more prone to engage in wartime sexual violence than groups who do not recruit minors. While children are rarely the ideal soldier, they have become a crucial resource for many rebel groups. Yet, their recruitment can impact internal group dynamics. Sexual violence can serve as a tool for conditioning children to violence, intragroup cohesion-building, and an instrument for combatting defection. We test this argument with data on 245 rebel groups active in armed conflicts between 1989 and 2011. We supplement the quantitative analyses with an illustrative case study on the Revolutionary United Front in Sierra Leone. Our results suggest groups that recruit child soldiers are more likely to inflict CRSV. This effect is magnified when children are recruited forcibly.
Like, share, and remember: Facebook memorial Pages as social capital resources
Authors: Navon Sarit , Noy Chaim 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study focuses on users’ practices involved in creating and maintaining Facebook memorial Pages by adapting the theoretical perspective of the social capital approach. It examines 18 Pages in Israel, which are dedicated to ordinary people who died in nonordinary circumstances. We employ qualitative analysis based on a digital ethnography conducted between 2018 and 2021. Our findings show how memorial Pages serve as social capital resources for admin users. Admins negotiate Facebook affordances when creating, designing, and maintaining such Pages. They discursively position the deceased as a respectable public figure worth remembering and their followers, who are otherwise strangers, as vital partners in this process. The resources followers provide range from economic capital and practical support to solidarity and emotional support. Finally, we point at the perceived connection users make between visible/measurable online engagement (Like, Share, Follow), and cognitive or emotive implications—public memory, recognition, and esteem.
Postmortem 7T MRI for guided histopathology and evaluation of cerebrovascular disease
Authors: Lahna David , Roese Natalie , Woltjer Randy , Boespflug Erin L , Schwartz Daniel , Grinstead John , Dodge Hiroko H , Wall Rachel , Kaye Jeffrey A , Rooney William D , Silbert Lisa C 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Postmortem (PM) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can serve as a bridge between in vivo imaging and histology by connecting MRI observed macrostructural findings to histological staining and microstructural changes. Data were acquired from 20 formalin-fixed brains including T2, T1, PD, and T2*-weighted images of left hemispheres and 6-mm-thick coronal slices. Tissue slices were bisected, aligned to MR images and used to guide histological sampling. Markers of myelin and oligodendroglia alterations were semiquantitatively rated and compared within white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and normal-appearing white matter. Tissue priors were created from 3T in vivo data and used to guide segmentation of WMH. PM WMH and hemisphere volumes were compared to volumes derived from in vivo data. PM T2 WMH and T1 hemisphere volumes were correlated with in vivo 3T FLAIR WMH and T1 hemisphere volumes. WMH showed significant myelin loss, decreased GFAP expression and increased vimentin expression. MR-visible perivascular spaces and cortical microvascular lesions were successfully captured on histopathological sections. PM MRI can quantify cerebrovascular disease burden and guide tissue sampling, allowing for more comprehensive characterization of cerebrovascular disease that may be used to study etiologies of age-related cognitive change.
Stroh formalism for various types of materials and deformations
Authors: Hwu Chyanbin , Becker Wilfried 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Stroh formalism is a complex variable formulation developed originally for solving the problems of two-dimensional linear anisotropic elasticity. By separation of the third variable for the linear variation of displacements along the thickness direction, it was proved to be applicable for the problems with coupled stretching-bending deformation. By the Radon transform which maps a three-dimensional solid to a two-dimensional plane, it can be applied to the three-dimensional deformation. By the elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle, it is also valid for the viscoelastic materials in the Laplace domain. By expansion of the matrix dimension, it can be generalized to the coupled-field materials such as piezoelectric, piezomagnetic and magneto-electro-elastic materials. By introducing a small perturbation on the material constants, it can also be applied to the degenerate materials such as isotropic materials. Thus, in this paper, the Stroh formalism for several different types of materials (anisotropic elastic, piezoelectric, piezomagnetic, magneto-electro-elastic, viscoelastic) and deformations (two-dimensional, coupled stretching-bending, three-dimensional) are organized together and presented in the same mathematical form.