bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SER NEGRA(O) E ASPIRANTE A ETNÓLOGA(O):
Authors: Almeida Fernanda Lima , Rodrigues Jardel Jesus Santos 
Published: April 2022

O presente artigo emergiu da profícua interlocução entre os autores, ao longo da graduação em Ciências Sociais e do trabalho de campo realizado junto ao povo Kiriri, no decorrer dos quais enfrentamos diversos dilemas enquanto jovens pobres e negros advindos do interior, que ingressaram na universidade e iniciaram uma interlocução com os Kiriri. A partir da etnografia que temos produzido e, em certa medida, da nossa autoetnografia, buscamos evidenciar como os marcadores sociais da diferença — gênero, raça, classe, corpo e etc — atravessam nossos corpos e influenciam a produção etnológica por nós elaborada. Tecer uma discussão a partir de corpos subalternos implica, sem dúvida, em questionar a maneira pela qual o conhecimento e as escritas etnográficas são construídas. Enfatizamos a importância das intelectuais, majoritariamente negras, para as análises feitas ao longo do texto, sobretudo defendendo a necessidade dos ditos subalternos serem vistos como produtores de conhecimento e não mais como objetos.
POVOS INDÍGENAS E PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: Santiago Fernanda Santos , Barros Paulo Marcos de Assis 
Published: April 2022

Esta entrevista foi pensada a partir da necessidade urgente e contemporânea de pensar os impactos da pandemia do novo coronavírus junto aos povos indígenas no Brasil. Para isso, foi convidado o professor José Augusto Laranjeiras Sampaio, mais conhecido como Guga, professor da Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB) que vem atuando acadêmica e politicamente em defesa dos direitos dos povos indígenas. Foi solicitado que ele apresentasse suas observações e perspectivas sobre o tema POVOS INDÍGENAS E PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 conforme pode ser identificado nas questões propostas e respostas obtidas.
No evidence that instructions to ignore nonverbal cues improve deception detection accuracy
Authors: Bogaard Glynis , Meijer Ewout H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResearch has consistently shown people predominantly rely on undiagnostic nonverbal cues when detecting deceit, whereas verbal cues are more accurate. In three experiments, we investigated whether the simple instruction not to focus on nonverbal cues would make people focus more on diagnostic verbal cues and hence more accurate in detecting lies. Participants judged the veracity of true and deceptive statements and either received (1) no instruction, (2) the instruction to ignore nonverbal cues, or (3) to ignore nonverbal cues and focus on verbal cues instead. In the second and third experiments, condition 3 was changed to an audio condition in which visual cues were inaccessible. Results showed no effect of instruction on lie detection performance. Overall, we found no evidence that the simple instruction not to focus on nonverbal cues while judging veracity is an effective strategy to make people focus more on verbal cues or to improve lie detection.
A Multitasking Flexible Sensor via Reservoir Computing
Authors: Wakabayashi Seiji , Arie Takayuki , Akita Seiji , Nakajima Kohei , Takei Kuniharu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNatural disasters are reported globally, and one source of severe damage to cities is flooding caused by locally heavy rain. Sharing of local weather information can save lives. However, it is difficult to collect local weather information in real‐time because such data collection requires bulky, expensive sensors. For local, real‐time monitoring of heavy rain and wind, a sensor system should be simple and low‐cost so that it can be attached to a variety of surfaces, including roofs, vehicles, and umbrellas. To develop simple, low‐cost multitasking sensors located on nonplanar surfaces, a flexible rain sensor to monitor waterdrop volume and wind velocity is devised. To monitor both simultaneously, a laser‐induced graphene‐based superhydrophobic conductive film is introduced. Using the superhydrophobic surface, water dynamics are measured when waterdrops collide with the sensor surface, and obtained time‐series data are processed using “reservoir computing” to extract the volume and velocity from a single sensor as multitasking electronics. As a proof‐of‐concept, it is shown that the sensor measures continuous, long‐term volume and wind‐change dynamics. The results demonstrate feasibility of multitasking electronics with reservoir computing to reduce sensor integration complexity with low power consumption for both sensor and signal processing.
Effective Passivation with Self‐Organized Molecules for Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Luo Xinhui , Shen Zhichao , Shen Yangzi , Su Zhenhuang , Gao Xingyu , Wang Yanbo , Han Qifeng , Han Liyuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) exceeding 25% over the past decade and effective passivation for the interface with high trap density plays a significant role in this process. Here, two organic molecules are studied as passivators, and it is demonstrated that an advantageous molecular geometry and intermolecular ordering, aside from the functional moieties, are of great significance for effective and extensive passivation. Besides, the passivation molecules spontaneously form a uniform passivation network adjacent to the bottom surface of perovskite films during a top‐down crystallization via liquid medium annealing, which greatly reduces defect‐assisted recombination throughout the whole perovskite/SnO2 interface. The champion device yields an in‐lab PCE of 25.05% (certified 24.39%). The investigation provides a more comprehensive understanding of passivation and a new avenue to achieve effective bottom‐interface engineering for perovskite photovoltaics.
Conversions from Normal to Abnormal Current‐Dependent ISC and from Abnormal to Normal Current‐Dependent RISC Processes in Exciplex‐Based OLEDs
Authors: Zhao Xi , Chen Jing , Tang Xiantong , Wu Fengjiao , Ning Yaru , Chen Xiaoli , Xiong Zuhong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntersystem crossing (ISC) and reverse ISC (RISC) are important spin‐mixing processes for obtaining high quantum efficiency in exciplex‐based organic light‐emitting diodes (EB‐OLEDs) and often show normal current (I) dependencies which weaken with increasing I. Surprisingly, herein, using magneto‐conductance (MC) as a fingerprint probing tool, an unreported conversion from normal to abnormal I‐dependent ISC processes is observed at 300 K from relatively‐unbalanced EB‐OLEDs with the low electron‐injection barrier and the high hole mobility. More amazingly, after improving carrier injection balance through replacing the hole‐injection layer, a conversion from abnormal to normal I‐dependent RISC processes with increasing I is observed from the relatively‐balanced EB‐OLEDs for the first time. These two conversions are reasonably analyzed by fitting and decomposing MC traces of the devices. Furthermore, transition I of the conversion from abnormal to normal I‐dependent RISC processes decreases from 50 to 5 μA as the temperature reduces from 300 to 150 K, and only the normal I‐dependent RISC process is observed at 100 and 20 K due to high driving voltages. Obviously, this work deepens the full understandings of I‐dependent ISC and RISC processes in EB‐OLEDs and has the potential applications for the achievement of high‐performance devices.
Promotion and tenure letters: A guide for faculty
Authors: Gottlieb Michael , Chan Teresa M. , Yarris Lalena M. , Linden Judith A. , Coates Wendy C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPromotion and tenure (P&T) letters are a key component of the academic advancement portfolio. Despite their importance, many faculty are not trained to write these letters and there is limited literature describing the approach and key components. This paper reviews the role of P&T letters and provides general guidelines for writers. We present a step‐by‐step guide, which includes how to respond to requests, the role of institutional guidelines, providing context to the letter, evaluating candidates, and delivering an overall recommendation. Finally, we discuss current controversies in P&T letters. This paper is intended to help novice and more experienced writers to enhance their P&T letters, while also helping applicants for promotion understand what is being asked of their letter writers.
Gas–liquid flows through porous media in microgravity: Packed Bed Reactor Experiment‐2
Authors: Taghavi Mahsa , Motil Brian J. , Nahra Henry , Balakotaiah Vemuri 
Published: April 2022

AbstractModifications were made to the Packed Bed Reactor Experiment (PBRE) and flown on the International Space Station as PBRE‐2 to eliminate external pressure oscillations at higher liquid flow rates and the packing diameter was reduced to increase the pressure gradient for lower flows. It is found that gas hold‐up is a function of bed history at low liquid and gas flow rates whereas higher gas hold‐up and pressure gradients are observed for the test conditions following a liquid only pre‐flow compared to the test conditions following a gas only pre‐flow period. Over the range of flow rates tested, the capillary force is the dominant contributor to the pressure gradient, which is found to be linear with the superficial liquid velocity but is a much weaker function of the superficial gas velocity and varies inversely with the particle diameter.
Efficient lamellar two‐dimensional proton channels derived from dipole interactions in a polyelectrolyte membrane
Authors: Yu Weisheng , Zhang Kaiyu , Zhang Jianjun , Liang Xian , Ge Xiaolin , Ge Zijuan , Wei Chengpeng , Song Wanjie , Xu Tongwen , Wu Liang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrecise control over the micromorphology of polyelectrolytes is the primary step toward understanding the structure–morphology–property relationships, ultimately determining the mass transfer characteristics. We report a novel polyolefin‐scaffolded proton‐exchange membrane (PEM) with the sectional installation of dipole–dipole interactions for this task. Experimental and theoretical investigations demonstrate that such noncovalent interactions drive the desired aggregation of ionic chains to form the hydrated two‐dimensional (2D) ionic nanochannels. Micromorphology studies visualize the resultant lamellar topological morphology consisting of orderly arranged hydrophilic ionic and nonionic nanophases. The resulting membrane exhibits excellent proton conductivity (176–273 mS cm−1 at the temperature ranges from 30°C to 80°C) and H2/O2 fuel cell performance (especially at the lower relative humidity, the maximum power density is doubled that of commercial Nafion 212 at 40% relative humidity). Overall, we developed a promising design of the polyelectrolyte microstructure precise regulation for efficient ion conduction.
Computational studies, antimicrobial activity, inhibition of biofilm production, and safety profile of the cadmium complex of 1,10‐phenanthroline and cyanoguanidine
Authors: Falkievich Dana B. , Martínez Medina Juan J. , Alegre Walter S. , López Tévez Libertad L. , Franca Carlos A. , Ferrer Evelina G. , Williams Patricia A. M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe have previously determined the crystal structure of the metal complex [Cd(1,10‐phenanthroline)2(SO4)H2O]cyanoguanidine•5H2O that was characterized by spectroscopic measurements. The antibacterial activity was also determined by the agar diffusion test (zones of inhibition). In the present work, calculations based on density functional theory were performed to determine the contributions of the two different tautomers of cyanoguanidine to the vibrational IR and Raman experimental spectra. Moreover, the antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) activity of the complex and cadmium ion was assessed and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. The complexation increased the antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 27853 and inhibited the biofilm production of this pathogen. Antimicrobial studies were coupled with the evaluation of safety, using the Artemia salinaand Ames test. At the concentrations tested, the cadmium complex behaved as a non‐mutagenic and non‐toxic compound. Therefore, the interaction of cadmium (II) with N and O‐containing ligands may provide a promising strategy for the development of novel and safe drugs with antimicrobial activity.
Insights into the preparation and performance of SiO2@graphene oxide/epoxidized solution‐polymerized styrene butadiene rubber composites through experiments and molecular simulations
Authors: Chen Jialiang , Li Chichao , Chen Xi , Zhang Xuming , Jia Hongbing , Luo Zhenyang , Luo Yanlong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEpoxidized solution‐polymerized styrene butadiene rubber (ESSBR) with different epoxidation degrees was prepared using formic acid as a catalyst. Experimental methods and density function theory calculation confirms that peroxyformic acid preferentially attacks trans‐1,4‐butadiene, and then cis‐1,4‐butadiene, and 1, 2‐butadiene is not epoxidated due to high energy barrier. Two SiO2/graphene oxide hybrids covalently linked with bis‐[3‐(triethoxysilyl)propyl]‐tetrasulfide or 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) were prepared and named SiO2@TESPT@GO and SiO2@KH550@GO, respectively. The results for ESSBR composites filled by hybrid fillers indicate that the increase of epoxy degree can greatly improve the wet skid resistance while maintaining rolling resistance. Besides, in the case of the same epoxy degree, the rolling resistance of composites using hybrid fillers is lower than that of using SiO2 only. Notably, the SiO2@TESPT@GO/ESSBR composite with high epoxy degree (10.09%) has a good balance between wet skid resistance and low rolling resistance. Molecular dynamics simulation was further employed to perform fixed and cyclic stretching to give the mechanism for mechanical properties. Binding energy and mean square distance illustrate that that as the epoxy degree increases, on the one hand, the strong filler‐matrix interactions will make the movement of ESSBR chains keep up with the strain. On the other hand, the strong filler‐matrix and inter‐chain interactions provide more friction. These two factors lead to an increase in hysteresis loss. Besides, only moderate filler‐matrix interaction is conducive to the improvement of wet skid resistance, and too strong or too weak interaction is unfavorable.
Environmentally friendly plant‐based waterborne polyurethane for hydrophobic and heat‐resistant films
Authors: Wang Dayang , Huang Zhixiong , Shi Shaojun , Ren Jingyu , Dong Xiangbin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWaterborne polyurethane (WPU) is an environmentally friendly material using water as dispersion medium. However, it is significantly restricted that most of the soft segments in WPUs come from oil. In this work, environmentally friendly and low‐cost castor oil is used as the soft segment of polyurethane, and KH550 modification could improve the thermal stability and flexibility of CWPU. The results show that the particle size of the modified CWPU nano‐emulsion gradually increased to 60.48 nm. Through FTIR and XPS analysis, KH550 is successfully introduced into the castor oil‐based waterborne polyurethane system. After the CWPU‐3% film is treated with NaCl, NaOH, HCl solution and high temperature, the groups in the system remain unchanged which shows CWPU‐3% film having good chemical resistance and high temperature resistance. When the addition amount of KH550 is 3%, the maximum contact angle of the CWPU film was 92.39° which reveals good hydrophobic property. The tensile strength of the films increased from 10.2 MPa to 12.8 MPa, and the elongation at break decreased from 841.3% to 658.9%. The thermal stability of the CWPU films modified by KH550 were also improved. The modified CWPU film has excellent hydrophobicity, chemical resistance and temperature resistance.
The influence of flame retardant filler on the mechanical, thermal, rheological and flame retardancy properties of silane crosslinked linear low density polyethylene/low density polyethylene blend nanocomposite
Authors: Yussuf Abdirahman A. , Al‐Saleh Mohammad A. , Al‐Enezi Salah T. , Samuel Jacob , Al‐Banna Aseel , Kadhmi Roaya , Abraham Gils 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLinear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) blend at 70/30 wt% ratio respectively was grafted and crosslinked with aluminum hydroxide (ATH) with and without the presence of montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay using twin screw extruder. The effect of flame retardant ATH loading (5, 10, 15, 20 wt%), with and without the addition of MMT nanoclay, on the mechanical, thermal, rheological, flame retardancy and morphological properties has been studied and reported. The incorporation of ATH filler into crosslinked LLDPE/LDPE blend enhanced all the aforementioned properties; and it was found that increasing ATH content from zero to 20 wt% has improved tensile strength of the virgin LLDPE/LDPE blend by about 16 MPa. However, the addition of MMT nanoclay into the crosslinked LLDPE/LDPE blend with ATH filler, particularly at higher ATH loading (20 wt%), has not significantly increased the tensile strength. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results have shown significant thermal stability improvement for virgin LLDPE/LDPE blend due to crosslinking, increased ATH filler loading, and subsequent addition of MMT nanoclay. However, at onset temperature, lower degradation rate was observed for samples containing higher ATH loading (15 and 20 wt%). At lower frequency region, it was found that the incorporation of higher ATH filler content and MMT nanoclay into crosslinked LLDPE/LDPE blend have increased the complex viscosity, storage modulus and loss modulus for virgin LLDPE/LDPE. The FTIR results have confirmed that silane crosslinking reaction of the virgin LLDPE/LDPE blend has occurred. The results obtained from flammability test, UL‐94 tests, showed that the flame retardancy of virgin LLDPE/LDPE blend has improved significantly due to the higher ATH filler loading, with and without the presence of MMT nanoclay filler. It was found that the higher ATH filler loading (20 wt%), addition of MMT nanoclay and subsequent crosslinking in the virgin LLDPE/LDPE blend have exhibited and achieved the best flame retardancy result for virgin LLDPE/LDPE blend. Furthermore, SEM results have also shown that improved flame retardancy for crosslinked LLDPE/LDPE blend samples containing a higher ATH loading and MMT nanoclay compared to virgin LLDPE/LDPE blend due to the formation of protective char layer on the surface, which finally enhanced flame retardancy properties of virgin LLDPE/LDPE blend.
Cellulose and lignin as carbon black replacement in natural rubber
Authors: Kazemi Hossein , Parot Maxime , Stevanovic Tatjana , Mighri Frej , Rodrigue Denis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLignocellulosic fillers have gained attention as biofillers due to their low cost, availability, and eco‐friendly nature. Various lignocellulosic fillers from different sources having different chemical compositions have been used in natural rubber (NR) without sufficient comparison. So the objective of this study is to investigate the effect of two well defined industrial fillers (lignin and cellulose) along with black spruce cellulosic pulps obtained from an organosolv process on the properties of NR. To this end, a range (0/100–100/0) of lignin/cellulose (L/C) ratios is prepared. The biobased materials are chemically extracted from black spruce sawdust to partially replace carbon black (CB) in NR composites. The results show that higher L/C ratios provide higher tensile strength and elongation break, while lower ratios produce higher tensile modulus and hardness. These results indicate that a balance between different mechanical properties can be achieved by controlling the L/C ratio. A discussion on the total replacement of CB by lignin or cellulose is also presented to produce a more biobased compound.
Growth variation in the endangered fish Zingel asper: Contribution of substrate quality, hydraulics, prey abundance, and water temperature
Authors: Monnet Gauthier , Corse Emmanuel , Archambaud‐Suard Gaït , Grenier Rémi , Chappaz Rémi , Dubut Vincent 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Intraspecific variation in life histories and its environmental correlates can indicate the degree of vulnerability to extinction of endangered taxa and guide conservation actions.
Zingel asper (Percidae) is an endangered fish endemic to the Rhône catchment (France and Switzerland), where five populations subsist in separate river systems (Loue, Beaume, Durance, Verdon, and Doubs). Two populations of Z. asper differ in growth and longevity, but the existence of broader intraspecific differentiation in life histories and the environmental origins of this variation (if any) remain unknown. The age structure and growth profile of four populations of Z. asper (Loue, Beaume, Durance, and Verdon) and nine additional sub‐populations within the Durance system were determined by scale‐reading analysis, before evaluating the contribution of measured variation in substrate quality, hydraulics, prey availability, and water temperature to growth differentiation among and within populations.
A trade‐off between early growth and longevity largely differentiated the populations of Z. asper along a slow (i.e. slower growth, smaller adult size, longevity of >5 years) to fast (i.e. faster growth, larger adult size, longevity of <4 years) continuum of life histories. This continuum differentiated populations from different river catchments along a south (Durance, Verdon) to north (Beaume, Loue) latitudinal gradient, and mapped onto an upstream–downstream gradient of sub‐populations within the Durance system. Differences in prey availability, hydraulics, and water temperature explained most of the growth variation among populations from different catchments, whereas local variation in prey availability, substrate quality, and water temperature mostly contributed to within‐river growth differentiation.
These results indicate that short life cycles strongly expose all populations of Z. asper to extirpation and should motivate additional conservation actions. This study illustrates how quantifying intraspecific variation in life histories and its sensitivity to ecological context can reliably assess extinction risk and guide conservation actions by identifying endangered populations requiring priority management.
Recent Progress on Sb‐ and Bi‐based Chalcogenide Anodes for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chang Che‐Bin , Tuan Hsing‐Yu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPotassium ion batteries (PIBs) are potential alternative energy storage systems to lithium ion batteries (LIBs), due to elemental abundance of potassium, low cost and similar working principle to LIBs. Recently, metal chalcogenides (MCs) have gained enormous interests, especially antimony (Sb)‐, bismuth (Bi)‐based chalcogenides because they were able to undergo alloying/conversion dual mechanism, which can provide higher specific capacity and energy density (K3Sb∼660 mA h g−1, K3Bi∼385 mA h g−1). However, several challenges hinder the development of Sb‐, Bi‐based chalcogenide anode materials for PIBs, such as huge volume expansion during potassiation, unstable solid‐electrolyte interface (SEI), slow reaction kinetics, and polychalcogenide‐induced shuttle effect. In this review, the current state‐of‐the‐art Sb‐, Bi‐based chalcogenides are comprehensively summarized, including the reaction mechanism, electrochemical performance, ingenious nanostructures, electrolyte systems, and prospects for future development. This review contributes to understanding the K+ storage mechanism and the interaction between active materials and electrolytes, providing guidance and foundation for the design of next‐generation high‐performance PIBs.