bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How long do seeds float? The potential role of hydrochory in passive revegetation management
Authors: Fryirs Kirstie , Carthey Alexandra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite research into the dynamics of seed transport in fluvial systems, few consider how far seeds will travel, and how far from local or upstream seed sources passive regeneration can occur. We experimentally test the seed floating time of 60 plant species (50 native and 10 exotic) commonly found in riparian corridors of southeastern Australia. Around 50% of species had seeds that floated for 2 days or less, and for most species' (90%) all seeds had sunk within one week. Seeds of native species tended to sink more quickly than exotic, with 64% of native species' seeds floating for less than 2 days. In contrast, most exotic species (80%) floated for longer than 2 days, and 40% had seeds still floating after one week. This suggests that exotic species are good floaters and likely to travel long distances, making them excellent hydrochores. Finally, we applied the findings to a real case study, Wollombi Brook, NSW, Australia. We combined the findings from the seed floating experiment with low flow hydrology calculations to map the potential travel distance of seeds from known extant vegetation sources. We show that maximum seed travel distance per day could be up to 21 km. Thus, species that float for a week could potentially travel almost 150 km downstream before sinking or being deposited. We discuss how local versus upstream seed sources, and hydrochory, could be utilised in passive revegetation and weed management of riparian corridors.
Structurally ordered high‐entropy intermetallic nanoparticles with enhanced C–C bond cleavage for ethanol oxidation
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Chen Zhiwen , Wu Yujie , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Tao Li , Chen Jun , Dong Chung‐Li , Singh Chandra Veer , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEfficient ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) is challenging due to the multiple reaction steps required to accomplish full oxidation to CO2 in fuel cells. High‐entropy materials with the adjustable composition and unique chemical structure provide a large configurational space for designing high‐performance electrocatalysts. Herein, a new class of structurally ordered PtRhFeNiCu high‐entropy intermetallics (HEIs) is developed as electrocatalyst, which exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity and CO tolerance for EOR compared to high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) comprising of same elements. When the HEIs are used as anode catalysts to be assembled into a high‐temperature polybenzimidazole‐based direct ethanol fuel cell, the HEIs achieve a high power density of 47.50 mW/cm2, which is 2.97 times of Pt/C (16.0 mW/cm2). Online gas chromatography measurements show that the developed HEIs have a stronger C–C bond‐breaking ability than corresponding HEAs and Pt/C catalysts, which is further verified by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Moreover, DFT results indicate that HEIs possess higher stability and electrochemical activity for EOR than HEAs. These results demonstrate that the HEIs could provide a new platform to develop high‐performance electrocatalysts for broader applications.
Renewable energy consumption and its environmental impacts: A meta‐regression analysis
Authors: Tampubolon Frances Roi Seston , Yuwono Arief Sabdo , Tambunan Armansyah Halomoan , Achsani Noer Azam 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study involves a meta‐analytical review of several articles, using the closest assumptions for the independent variable (renewable energy consumption), to determine the relationship with its environmental impacts. Furthermore, Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) in 2015 pays attention to related problems in both developing and developed countries. The effects of carbon emissions, natural resources, renewable energy consumption, and non‐renewable energy on the environment are also reviewed. Following the separation of studies, the closest assumption was observed for the independent variable (energy source applications) of renewable energy. The meta‐analysis was obtained using OpenMEE and JASP, and the results show the observed outcome, which was expressed in percentage. Based on the analysis, the Renewable Energy model has a value of 0.15, with the largest forest plots of 0.73, 0.69, and 0.80, recorded for studies 13, 19, and 23, respectively, while the least forest plots were recorded for studies 6, 11, 12, 15, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26, and 28. Therefore, renewable energy consumption, specifically in the mining industry, has the capacity to influence global warming. The respective industry has a unique influence on the processes that require renewable energy, for instance, the coal mining industry produces a smaller forest plot value, compared to oil and gas, or other mineral industries.
Analysis of Complex Circadian Time Series Data Using Wavelets
Authors: Schmal Christoph , Mönke Gregor , Granada Adrián E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExperiments that compare rhythmic properties across different genetic alterations and entrainment conditions underlie some of the most important breakthroughs in circadian biology. A robust estimation of the rhythmic properties of the circadian signals goes hand in hand with these discoveries. Widely applied traditional signal analysis methods such as fitting cosine functions or Fourier transformations rely on the assumption that oscillation periods do not change over time. However, novel high-resolution recording techniques have shown that, most commonly, circadian signals exhibit time-dependent changes of periods and amplitudes which cannot be captured with the traditional approaches. In this chapter we introduce a method to determine time-dependent properties of oscillatory signals, using the novel open-source Python-based Biological Oscillations Analysis Toolkit (pyBOAT). We show with examples how to detect rhythms, compute and interpret high-resolution time-dependent spectral results, analyze the main oscillatory component, and to subsequently determine these main components’ time-dependent instantaneous period, amplitude, and phase. We introduce step-by-step how such an analysis can be done by means of the easy-to-use point-and-click graphical user interface (GUI) provided by pyBOAT or executed within a Python programming environment. Concepts are explained using simulated signals as well as experimentally obtained time series.
Classical codes and chiral CFTs at higher genus
Authors: Henriksson Johan , Kakkar Ashish , McPeak Brian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Higher genus modular invariance of two-dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs) is a largely unexplored area. In this paper, we derive explicit expressions for the higher genus partition functions of a specific class of CFTs: code CFTs, which are constructed using classical error-correcting codes. In this setting, the Sp(2g, ℤ) modular transformations of genus g Riemann surfaces can be recast as a simple set of linear maps acting on 2g polynomial variables, which comprise an object called the code enumerator polynomial. The CFT partition function is directly related to the enumerator polynomial, meaning that solutions of the linear constraints from modular invariance immediately give a set of seemingly consistent partition functions at a given genus. We then find that higher genus constraints, plus consistency under degeneration limits of the Riemann surface, greatly reduces the number of possible code CFTs. This work provides a step towards a full understanding of the constraints from higher genus modular invariance on 2d CFTs.
Temperature assessment study of ex vivo holmium laser enucleation of the prostate model
Authors: Yilmaz Mehmet , Heuring Cäcilia Elisabeth Maria , Dressler Franz Friedrich , Suarez-Ibarrola Rodrigo , Gratzke Christian , Miernik Arkadiusz , Hein Simon 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
There isscarce evidence to date on how temperature develops during holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). We aimed to determine the potential heat generation during HoLEP under ex vivo conditions.

Methods
We developed two experimental setups. Firstly, we simulated HoLEP ex vivo using narrow-neck laboratory bottles mimicking enucleation cavities and a prostate resection trainer. Seven temperature probes were placed at different locations in the experimental setup, and the heat generation was measured separately during laser application. Secondly, we simulated high-frequency current-based coagulation of the vessels using a roller probe.

Results
We observed that the larger the enucleated cavity, the higher the temperature rises, regardless of the irrigation flow rate. The highest temperature difference with an irrigation flow was approximately + 4.5 K for a cavity measuring 100ccm and a 300 ml/min irrigation flow rate. The higher flow rate generates faster removal of the generated heat, thus cooling down the artificial cavity. Furthermore, the temperature differences at different irrigation flow rates (except at 0 ml/min) were consistently below 5 K. Within the resection trainer, the temperature increase with and without irrigation flow was approximately 0.5 K and 3.0 K, respectively. The mean depth of necrosis (1084 ± 176 µm) achieved by the roller probe was significantly greater when using 144 W energy.

Conclusion
Carefully adjusted irrigation and monitoring during HoLEP are crucial when evacuating the thermal energy generated during the procedure. We believe this study of ours provides evidence with the potential to facilitate clinical studies on patient safety.
The average-of-awards rule for claims problems
Authors: Mirás Calvo Miguel Ángel , Quinteiro Sandomingo Carmen , Sánchez-Rodríguez Estela 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGiven a claims problem, the average-of-awards rule ($${\text {AA}}$$AA) selects the expected value of the uniform distribution over the set of awards vectors. The$${\text {AA}}$$AArule is the center of gravity of the core of the coalitional game associated with a claims problem, so it corresponds to the core-center. We show that this rule satisfies a good number of properties so as to be included in the inventory of division rules. We also provide several representations of the$${\text {AA}}$$AArule and a procedure to compute it in terms of the parameters that define the problem.
Variation on a technique for the intra-muscular insertion of nerve endings to minimise neuropathic and residual pain in lower limb amputees: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lu Victor , Zhou Andrew , Krkovic Matija 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
A major cause of morbidity in lower limb amputees is phantom limb pain (PLP) and residual limb pain (RLP). This study aimed to determine whether a variation of the surgical technique of inserting nerve endings into adjacent muscle bellies at the time of lower limb amputation can decrease the incidence and severity of PLP and RLP.

Methods
Data were retrospectively collected from January 2015 to January 2021, including eight patients that underwent nerve insertion (NI) and 36 that received standard treatment. Primary outcomes included the 11-point Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for pain severity, and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) pain intensity, behaviour, and interference. Secondary outcome included Neuro-QoL Lower Extremity Function assessing mobility. Cumulative scores were transformed to standardised t scores.

Results
Across all primary and secondary outcomes, NI patients had lower PLP and RLP. Mean ‘worst pain’ score was 3.5 out of 10 for PLP in the NI cohort, compared to 4.89 in the control cohort (p = 0.298), and 2.6 out of 10 for RLP in the NI cohort, compared to 4.44 in the control cohort (p = 0.035). Mean ‘best pain’ and ‘current pain’ scores were also superior in the NI cohort for PLP (p = 0.003, p = 0.022), and RLP (p = 0.018, p = 0.134).
Mean PROMIS t scores were lower for the NI cohort for RLP (40.1 vs 49.4 for pain intensity; p = 0.014, 44.4 vs 48.2 for pain interference; p = 0.085, 42.5 vs 49.9 for pain behaviour; p = 0.025). Mean PROMIS t scores were also lower for the NI cohort for PLP (42.5 vs 52.7 for pain intensity; p = 0.018); 45.0 vs 51.5 for pain interference; p = 0.015, 46.3 vs 51.1 for pain behaviour; p = 0.569). Mean Neuro-QoL t score was lower in NI cohort (45.4 vs 41.9; p = 0.03).

Conclusion
Surgical insertion of nerve endings into adjacent muscle bellies during lower limb amputation is a simple yet effective way of minimising PLP and RLP, improving patients’ subsequent quality of life. Additional comparisons with targeted muscle reinnervation should be performed to determine the optimal treatment option.
SAPV-Patienten in der COVID-19-Krise
Authors: Kaiser Ulrich , Vehling-Kaiser Ursula , Kalteis Martin , Hoffmann Ana , Schmidt Jörg , Kaiser Florian 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
COVID-19 betrifft im ambulanten Bereich vor allem auch Palliativpatienten, die im Rahmen der spezialisierten ambulanten Palliativversorgung (SAPV) versorgt werden. Zur Vermeidung von Infektionen wurde die Implementierung von neuen Sicherheitsvorkehrungen und telemedizinischen Kommunikationsmöglichkeiten in die an der Studie beteiligten SAPV erforderlich.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die Studie untersucht die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die persönlichen und sozialen Probleme von Palliativpatienten und ihre Erfahrungen mit der betreuenden SAPV.

Material und Methoden
20 SAPV-Patienten wurden in halbstrukturierten Telefoninterviews zu ihren Problemen im Zusammenhang mit der Pandemie und Erfahrungen mit der SAPV-Betreuung befragt.

Ergebnisse
Angst vor Einsamkeit und Infektion belasten Palliativpatienten sehr. Die meisten Patienten wollten Krankenhausaufenthalte wegen erhöhter Infektionsgefahr vermeiden. Schutzmaßnahmen der SAPV gaben ihnen ein Gefühl der Sicherheit und wurden trotz Einschränkung des persönlichen Kontakts akzeptiert. Moderne Kommunikationsformen waren nützlich, konnten aber den persönlichen Kontakt nicht ersetzen.

Diskussion
Die Pandemie führte zu Veränderungen in der SAPV und hatte Auswirkungen auf das soziale Umfeld von Palliativpatienten. Schutzmaßnahmen sind für das Sicherheitsgefühl der betreuten Palliativpatienten wichtig. Die Versorgungsqualität der an COVID-19 angepassten SAPV-Struktur wird von den Patienten meist nicht als verschlechtert wahrgenommen. Ängste vor sozialer Isolation nehmen bei den Palliativpatienten einen hohen Stellenwert ein und können durch die SAPV abgebaut werden. Der persönliche Kontakt zur SAPV kann durch moderne Kommunikationsmöglichkeiten nicht ersetzt werden, wobei die Patienten Telemedizin im Sinne einer „Notlösung“ durchaus akzeptieren.
Season does not influence the response of great tits (Parus major) to allopatric mobbing calls
Authors: Dutour Mylène 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMany species of birds emit mobbing calls to recruit prey to join mobbing events. This anti-predator strategy often involves several species and, therefore, implies heterospecific communication. Some species of tit exhibit a sensitivity to allopatric mobbing calls, suggesting that heterospecific recognition is based on an innate component. To date, however, we have no information on whether the perception of allopatric calls varies with season, despite seasonality playing an important role in the perception of heterospecific call in some species. In this study, I investigate the responses of European great tits (Parus major) to the calls of a North American bird species, the black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus), during two seasons: spring and in autumn (breeding and non-breeding seasons, respectively). Great tits approached the sound source during both seasons, with no significant difference in response between seasons. These findings indicate that season does not influence the response of birds to allopatric calls, and will help to shed light on the evolution of interspecific communication.
Heterogeneity in general multinomial choice models
Authors: Mauerer Ingrid , Tutz Gerhard 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDifferent voters behave differently at the polls, different students make different university choices, or different countries choose different health care systems. Many research questions important to social scientists concern choice behavior, which involves dealing with nominal dependent variables. Drawing on the principle of maximum random utility, we propose applying a flexible and general heterogeneous multinomial logit model to study differences in choice behavior. The model systematically accounts for heterogeneity that classical models do not capture, indicates the strength of heterogeneity, and permits examining which explanatory variables cause heterogeneity. As the proposed approach allows incorporating theoretical expectations about heterogeneity into the analysis of nominal dependent variables, it can be applied to a wide range of research problems. Our empirical example uses individual-level survey data to demonstrate the benefits of the model in studying heterogeneity in electoral decisions.
The association between dental caries and physical activity, physical fitness, and background factors among Finnish male conscripts
Authors: Huttunen Mika , Kämppi Antti , Soudunsaari Aapo , Päkkilä Jari , Tjäderhane Leo , Laitala Marja-Liisa , Anttonen Vuokko , Patinen Pertti , Tanner Tarja 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStudies on measured physical fitness and oral health are sparse. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between self-reported physical activity and measured physical fitness and oral health of young men. The study population consisted of 13,564 Finnish male conscripts who had mandatory clinical oral examinations and physical fitness tests at the beginning of military service in 2011. Finally, around 10,800 conscripts had physical fitness test outcomes available and a total of 8552 conscripts answered a computer-based questionnaire on background factors. Decayed Tooth (DT) and Decayed, Missing, or Filled Tooth (DMFT) indices, outcomes of surveys and fitness tests were used in analyses by cross-tabulation and multivariable logistic regression model (odds ratios [OR] with 95% confidence interval [CI]) were calculated. Regularly exercising conscripts had a reduced need for dental restorative treatment than those reporting no physical activity (p < 0.0001). The proportion of participants with sound dentition (DT = 0) increased steadily with increasing physical activity (39.0–59.4%). Good measured physical fitness was a protective factor against increased dental restorative treatment need. A low prevalence of smoking and low use of alcohol and energy drinks were associated with frequent exercise, whereas consumption of sport drinks and snuff use were common among those who exercised frequently. Good measured physical fitness and self-reported physical activity are associated with reduced caries burden. There is a need for information about the harms of tobacco products and the benefits of a healthy diet, even for the increased energy needs of the physically active.
Utilization of nonlinear vibrations of soft pipe conveying fluid for driving underwater bio-inspired robot
Authors: Dai Huliang , He Yixiang , Zhou Kun , Peng Zerui , Wang Lin , Hagedorn P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCreatures with longer bodies in nature like snakes and eels moving in water commonly generate a large swaying of their bodies or tails, with the purpose of producing significant frictions and collisions between body and fluid to provide the power of consecutive forward force. This swaying can be idealized by considering oscillations of a soft beam immersed in water when waves of vibration travel down at a constant speed. The present study employs a kind of large deformations induced by nonlinear vibrations of a soft pipe conveying fluid to design an underwater bio-inspired snake robot that consists of a rigid head and a soft tail. When the head is fixed, experiments show that a second mode vibration of the tail in water occurs as the internal flow velocity is beyond a critical value. Then the corresponding theoretical model based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) is established to describe nonlinear vibrations of the tail. As the head is free, the theoretical modeling is combined with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis to construct a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulation model. The swimming speed and swaying shape of the snake robot are obtained through the FSI simulation model. They are in good agreement with experimental results. Most importantly, it is demonstrated that the propulsion speed can be improved by 21% for the robot with vibrations of the tail compared with that without oscillations in the pure jet mode. This research provides a new thought to design driving devices by using nonlinear flow-induced vibrations.
Being Called “Elderly” Impacts Adult Development: A Critical Analysis of Enduring Ageism During COVID in NZ Online News Media
Authors: Amundsen Diana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article examines how “the elderly” is constructed in New Zealand online news media. By employing a critical framing analysis to challenge ageist practices, conceptually, the study adds to our knowledge of research methodologies in the field of adult development. Online news media articles were collected and analyzed to understand constructions of older adults as “elderly” over an 18-month period before, during, and since the COVID pandemic. Results demonstrated that the term “elderly” was framed powerlessly, in predominantly negative (74%) stereotypical messages about older adults. Positive stereotypes (26% of data) used human impact framing. Associations of “elderly” with being vulnerable, declining, and an individual or societal burden have serious implications, notably for the media in their role of both constructing and reflecting societal attitudes and actions towards older adults. Suggestions are offered to encourage reframing societal attitudes and promoting healthy adult development through age-equality messages that do away with the term “elderly.”
Associations between abdominal adiposity, body size and objectively measured physical activity in infants from Soweto, South Africa
Authors: Prioreschi Alessandra , Ong Ken K , Rolfe Emanuella De Lucia , Westgate Kate , Micklesfield Lisa K , Brage Soren 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectives:Considering the importance of the early life period, in conjunction with the increasing prevalence of adiposity and insufficient physical activity already evident in early childhood, this study aimed to determine associations between abdominal adiposity, body size, and objectively measured physical activity in infancy.Methods:Infants (n = 138, aged 3–24 months) from Soweto, South Africa were recruited to this cross-sectional study. Visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous abdominal fat (SAT) were measured using ultrasound. Physical activity was assessed using accelerometry and analysed at the hourly level. Multilevel linear regression analyses were run with body composition exposures adjusted for age, sex, and length; models with VAT and SAT were also adjusted for total abdominal fat.Results:Mean (SD) age was 11.8 (7.6) months; 86% were normal weight, 7% were underweight and 7% overweight. In linear models, no body composition variable was significantly associated with physical activity. Physical activity was higher with each increasing length tertile (ANOVA p < 0.01); with a mean(95%CI) 29(60–60)mg in the lowest tertile, 39(71–71)mg in the middle tertile, and 50(81–82)mg in the highest tertile. Infants with normal weight had higher mean(95%CI) physical activity (40(70–80)mg) than underweight (34(73–85)mg, p = 0.01) or overweight infants (31(63–78)mg, ANOVA p < 0.01). When also adjusting for total abdominal fat, infants in the lowest SAT tertile had higher physical activity than those in the middle or highest SAT tertiles (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThese findings lend support for higher physical activity as a marker of healthy growth in the first two years of life.