bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strength and durability of concrete by partial replacement of sand by Copper Slag and cement by Egg Shell Powder: A Review
Authors: Naxine Dhiraj , Nag Anita 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
From some decades the production and use of concrete has been increased. The manufacturing process of concrete as well as the three main ingredients emits lots of harmful gas like CO2 which directly harm the environment. In this study, relevant study done on the fine aggregate and cement replacement with egg shell powder & copper slag were discussed. Also effect of cement and fine aggregate replacement on compressive strength and durability of concrete had been discussed. From study it has been observed that the egg shell powder and the copper slag can’t affect much the durability and strength parameters up to 6% and 40% replacement of cement and fine aggregate. Also observed that copper slag and egg shell powder reduced impact of concrete on environment but still need to improve the manufacturing process of copper slag.
Life Cycle Costing Methodology for Sustainable Construction
Authors: Sadliwala Mustafa S , Gogate Nivedita G 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
There has been a pressing need to consider lifelong building costs and spread awareness about the life cycle cost of a building in the construction sector. Before 1970s, most of the clients’, contractors’ and developers’ decisions were solely based on the initial capital cost with no consideration of the entire life cycle cost of the building. If the cost of a building is estimated considering its entire life, approximately 70% portion is required for operational aspects. This approach of focusing only on the initial cost has failed to give the best value for money to the client in the long term. In this research, questionnaire-survey method is utilized to understand the awareness level and importance of different tangible and intangible costs of the construction over its useful life amongst the construction community. List of critical factors affecting life cycle cost of a building was extracted through an extensive literature survey. The questionnaire survey was prepared by incorporating the most significant parameters and circulated amongst the stakeholders consisting of respondents working at various hierarchical positions in the construction industry. The factors were ranked based on weightages obtained through Relative Importance Index (RII) methodology. The data analysis showed that the top 5 costs which should definitely be considered in life cycle costing are construction cost, Land Acquisition and associated cost, Design team fees and associated cost, Operation & Maintenance Cost and Taxes. Respondents also agreed that the life cycle costing methodology would provide a better and comprehensive estimate of the building cost as a whole and would be crucial in decision making. Incorporating life cycle costing in the design and planning phase would significantly help engineers as well as contractors to focus on the most important cost parameters. Furthermore, the analysis indicated that a lower emphasis is still given to cost factors related to environment. It needs to be emphasized that a comprehensive cost estimate for a project can only be obtained by incorporating sustainability aspects. Thus, a LCC framework considering all important cost parameters would further improve the process of selection of the most cost-effective alternative, as well as significantly increase sustainability in construction projects.
Urban Organic Waste as a Source of Bioenergy for Electricity Generation in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Gupta Nirjhar , Patel Jitendra , Gupta Nitesh , Vishwakarma Amit 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) is essential as it impacts health, the environment, and aesthetic society if it is not managed correctly. Hence improving the quality and standard of living. There is an urgent requirement to neutralize the waste and the best possible solution for organic waste. It can be used to generate biofuels and utilized to generate electricity. The production of energy from waste depends on organic waste, so the energy potential of Bhopal city has been categorized into different sectors such as Urban Organic Solid Waste (UOSW), Pulp & Paper, Cattle, and Poultry, in which UOSW is 42% and, the Urban Organic Liquid Waste (UOLW) 25%, Cattle 23%, Poultry 2% and Pulp & Paper 8%. The UOSW has been analysed, and it has been categorized in Slaug (1%), Organic Solid waste (33%), Poultry (3%), and Cattle (63%), and the UOLW in Slaug (1%), UOLW (98.9%), and paper and pulp (0.10%). Total waste generated in Bhopal per day is 1123 TPD of which, 54.3% is organic waste that we can use to generate biofuel, i.e., 609 TPD, which can generate 165MW energy per day.
The Need for Legislation on Renewable Energy for Sustainable Development in India
Authors: Bhargava A , Kochhar K 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Energy is required for each and every activity since the beginning of this universe. With the advancement of human beings their activities have developed and have become more and more complex with time. As the world developed at a very high pace energy requirements also increased and this resulted in more utilization of conventional energy sources. Use of conventional energy sources (fossil fuels) has resulted in environmental degradation which has become a major problem worldwide.Development is indispensible but at the same time it should not be at the cost of environment so with this came up the concept of sustainable development. To achieve this we have to switch over to non conventional sources of energy. Considering the geographical conditions, India has huge potential regarding renewable energy. For systematic development of renewable energy sector we need a comprehensive legislation. If we look at international level there are many countries which have made separate and ancillary legislations regarding renewable energy and their growth is remarkable. Therefore, this study has focused to examine the need of separate renewable energy law for sustainable development.
Utilization of Silica Fume and Fly ash in Cement and Partial Substitution of Fine Aggregate Using Quarry Dust in Concrete
Authors: Kapgate Sudhir , Tomar Anjul 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Thecemententerprisebetheessentialhotspotintendedfornaturalcontamination because it admissions a tremendous measure of energy during the creationas well as deliveries a ton of CO2which adds to an unnatural weather change. Reducethese impacts, concrete is to some degree subbed among the blend of Silica Fume (SF) and Fly Ash (FA) and sand by Quarry Dust (QD) with addition of steel fibre. This paper is centered on theconduct of substantial blend of M30 grade with particular of mechanical properties. Various mixes of rate substitutions of concrete by SF (5%) and FA (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%) and quarry dust (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%) with addition of steel fibre (1 %) were embraced for the making of mixed substantial blend. Test results indicated to facilitate the accumulation of silica fume and fly ash in cement and quarry dust in sand improved the compressive strengths of concrete.
Biofuel Production through Algae Route using Solar Assisted Carbon Capture Plant
Authors: Samartha M , Pippal R K S , Sethi V K 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In present scenario when there is great hike in energy demand which results in increased prices of petroleum products and the big matter of concern is that the resources are diminishing so rapidly, these diminishing fuels should be replaced by biofuels. Other sources of biofuels are limited and difficult to cultivate therefore microalgae has comes out as an important source of renewable biofuel. Microalgae grow in the presence of sunlight and CO2, and those rich in lipids are excellent source of biofuels (biodiesel) after processing. The present study was aimed at production of biofuel through microalgae route using carbon capture pilot plant and exploring feasibility of scaling-up of bio-fuel production on a mega scale coal fired thermal power plant through analysis and selection of species that can grow in ash-pond area on mass scale.
Assessment of Fixed Rack and 1–Axis Tracking Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Array on Their Ideal Energy Performance
Authors: Duggal Prakhar , Tomar Ravinder Kumar , Vigneshwaran S , Varma Vegesna Rohith , Puro Vekhohu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An energy assessment is examined in ten different cities spread across India on a 50 kWp crystalline silicon photovoltaic system comparing the performance of Fixed Rack and 1–Axis Tracking Array. Simulation is done on the photovoltaic systems. The varying methods of installation used for this study are fixed positioning and sun tracking. The software used for simulating the radiation condition is NREL PV Watts. The data is gathered from available data using appropriate conditions for all the considered cities in this paper. The output results show the study of comparison between Fixed rack and 1–Axis Tracking array based on the monthly data and yearly data. The overall potential ability of simulated PV devices for every place taken in the study with unique configuration strategies is also compared and evaluated.
Framework for freight movement in Bangalore city, India
Authors: Srikanth Seelam , Ballari Syed Omar , Eswar Sala 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The movement of goods throughout the country ensures need and availability across the countries. The process and methodology of movement of goods are termed Freight. From the process of identification of the source, production, storage, and delivery of goods to respective customers there are logistics involved in the process, known as freight logistics. The market size of the logistics sector in India is estimated to be between USD 90-125 billion. Freight is also the major user of roads, rails, and other modes of transport. Despite holding promise the logistics sector in India remains mired in several complexities which have the potential of holding it back. As a solution to this Freight Logistics needs a framework and Directive policies, in this regard this documentation was carried out with the help of the Directorate of Urban Land Transport to review various Directive policies of freight around the world. The present study will map the types of goods, different stakeholders participating in freight, Infrastructures involved in freight, Logistics or Supply Chain processes, different types of Logistic Service Providers, etc. Finally in this paper, the draft framework for Freight Logistics Policies is worked out under mainly three sub-headings Institutional Landscape, Infrastructure, and Logistics or Supply Chain Process.
Energy, geopolitics and the dying arctic ice fields: an enviro-political perspective
Authors: Thangaraj A , Chowdhury A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In view of climate change’s effects across the world and the present global escalation of conflicts it is important to assess potential future conflict zones in order to pre-emptively place measures to avoid damage and loss of life. It is identified that Arctic can be a potential future conflict zone, given its geopolitical complexities and abundance of energy resources. One of the several precursors of conflict at present is the rapid militarization of the region. Recent geopolitical instability due to Russian invasion on Ukraine and resulting sanction on Russia can accelerate the energy extraction process at Arctic’s, if Russia wants to compensate its EU energy markets by connecting with hydrocarbon starved economies of East Asia. Arctic’s biodiversity and abiotic environment is deteriorating rapidly. The recommendations thus put forth advocate for stronger cooperation between Arctic states as well as pushing for the ratification of international law specific to the Arctic region.
Application of eco-friendly and smart materials in geotechnical engineering for subgrade stabilization: a review
Authors: Dhatrak A I , Kolhe P V 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The performance of road pavement mainly depends upon the properties of subgrade soil. The failures occur in case of road pavement is due to poor strength characteristics and high volume change behaviour of subgrade soil. Thus, considering the performance criteria, subgrade soil needs to be treated so as to make it suitable for the construction of road pavement. It was observed that, soil stabilization using various admixtures is more effective and commonly used practice for enhancing the properties of subgrade soil. The previous research shows that subgrade soil stabilization can be achieved with the application of various environmental friendly (Bio – Enzymes) and smart materials (Agricultural and Industrial waste) in required quantity to enhance the physical, strength and volume change characteristics of natural soil. It was also observed that, the combined use of such materials makes the subgrade soil more suitable for the construction of road pavement. From the experimental investigations of various available research works on subgrade stabilization, it was observed that strength and volume change properties such as California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and Swell Pressure of subgrade soil can be effectively changed with the help of use of such materials. It was also observed that use of conventional methods has negative impact on environment. Thus, subgrade can be stabilized with eco – friendly and cost effective materials to achieve both economic and serviceability criteria.
Delay models for Signalised Intersections with Vehicle Actuated Controlled system in Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions
Authors: Barhmaiah Borigarla , Chandrasekar A , Ramya Tanala , Moses Santhakumar S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Delay is a critical parameter used to assess the performance of signalised intersections. Non-deterministic arrival and departure rates of vehicles at intersectionseffect the determination of delay. Furthermore, driver behaviour, vehicle characteristics, and type of signal control system at intersectionwere also influencing parameters. Previous literature has offered analytical and empirical models to estimate the average delay using hourly traffic flow data and a fixed cycle time. In India, major signalised intersections on urban arterial roads are controlled with vehicle actuated controlled system. In the present study, Simpson’sone third rule was applied to estimate the overall delay by using arrival rate and departure rate of vehicles in everycycle. In addition, the current studydevelopedregression-based delay model and modified the Indo-HCM model by changing incremental delay term in themodels. Thisensuredaccurateestimation of the delays at signalised intersections in both the VAC and fixed signal control systems. The proposed modelswere statistically significant, with R2values of 0.89 and 0.51, respectively.
Trend Analysis and Forecasting of Long-Term Temperature Data to Anticipate Local Warming: A Case Study of Jawa Timur, Indonesia
Authors: Rohman Abdur , Wiyono Retno Utami Agung , Fitriani  
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Numerous studies have confirmed the significant rise in the mean land surface air temperature in recent decades at the global scale. However, studies on the land surface air temperature at local scales in Indonesia in recent decades are rare. Such studies are necessary to comprehend the imminence of the threat of climate change in regions with intensive agricultural industry, such as Jawa Timur, Indonesia. The first objective of this study is to analyse the trend of air temperature in six locations in Jawa Timur based on at least 30-year air temperature data retrieved from NOAA Global Summary of the Day data. After the significance or insignificance of the temperature trend is verified, the second objective is to compare the accuracies of two forecasting methods, namely Exponential Smoothing and ARIMA, on the long-term air temperature data in each location. The Mann-Kendall test along with sieve-bootstrapping is used in the air temperature trend analysis. Mean Absolute Error (MAE) metric is used to measure the accuracy of the methods. The trend analysis shows that statistically significant monotonic rises in air temperature are found in four locations, namely Bawean, Kalianget Madura, Surabaya Perak, and Banyuwangi. It is also found that ARIMA (3,1,3) is able to forecast the temperature data for 2021 with MAE < 1.30 degrees Celsius and it outperforms the Exponential Smoothing method.
Emission performance assessment of in-use diesel-driven cars
Authors: Pandey Abhinav , Mishra Rajeev Kumar , Pandey Govind 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The overall fleet of light-duty vehicles in most of the developing countries is characterized by various manufacturers of diesel-driven passenger cars. There is a need of a thorough assessment of the actual conformance levels of such cars towards in-use emission norms, particularly the diesel-driven ones, in consideration of their high proportion in the overall privately-owned passenger cars fleet. In this context, the study conducted on 400 number of light-duty diesel cars reported that the compliance levels for BS (Bharat Stage) III diesel cars are better than that for BS IV, although not varying significantly (90 % in case of former vs. 80 %). Based on the findings, there is a need to include vehicle-related parameters during emission certification, such as, age, mileage and maintenance records along with emission measurements while deciding upon phasing-out of vehicles rather only based upon age (10 years of allowable registration life for diesel cars in the state of Delhi). Based on the results, the inclusion of mass emission-based testing in the overall transport emission assessment and reduction policy of the developing countries is highly recommended.
Environmental Impact Assessment of Maize Production in Northern India
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Bhardwaj Arvind , Singh Lakhwinder Pal , Singh Gurraj 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Agricultural production has been recognized as a one of the major contributors to environmental degradation and a source of several forms of pollution that have far-reaching consequences for ecosystems, water supplies, soil quality, air quality, and human health. Maize cultivation has also placed a major environmental cost, particularly when considering resource utilization and the environmental impacts of fertilizer, insecticides, and electricity production. With the goal of measuring the impacts and identifying the major environment hotspot, a life cycle assessment was performed using the cradle-to-farm-gate approach to evaluate the environmental effects of maize cultivation. The environmental impact of the inputs and outputs studied by life cycle assessment was estimated using the Sima Pro version 9.0 and the CML 2 baseline 2000 technique. According to the findings, the fertilization phase had the most detrimental influence on the ecosystem, followed by the harvesting period. The current research makes a number of recommendations for agricultural practices to be used in conjunction with maize production, based on agri-environmental indicator scores and the correlations between them for eco-friendly maize production.
GIS Mapping for Distribution of Ground Water Quality in Udaipur
Authors: Choudhary Sangeeta , Jangeed Denis , Rankawat Prithvi Raj , Tank Sweety , Sen Nikhil 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ground water supplies drinking water and important component in many industrial processes and irrigation use. Groundwater resources have been exposed to excessive risk due to overexploitation and inadequate management, making groundwater quality assessment and suitability determination vitally important. The current study has been undertaken with an aim to analyse the ground water quality for drinking by utilizing GIS mapping and graphical presentation of various chemical constituents. Water sample values were taken from ‘Ground Water Year Book 2020-21’ of Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Jal Shakti. This study has been included 22 locations in Udaipur district with 8 water quality parameters which are Cl, SO4, NO3, Ca, Mg, F, TDS and Alkalinity. The GIS environment was used to create the Water Quality Indices maps. The findings suggest that the calcium, sulphate, and chloride hazards are not a problem. About 72.7% samples of calcium, 95.50% samples of sulphate and 86.40% samples of chlorine are within acceptable limit of BIS. In case of fluoride only 18.20% samples are within the permissible limit 1.0 – 1.5 mg/l, 68.20% are less than 1 mg/l and 13.6% are greater than 1.5 mg/l. In case of nitrate only 31.8% samples are within the permissible limit. The findings show that the ground water in the studied area requires special treatment before it can be used.
Psychological predictors of Sustainable Transportation Behaviour: Implications for Low Carbon Economy and Society
Authors: Arya B , Chaturvedi S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
There’s been a consistent increase in carbon emissions globally in the recent decades, primarily because of a consistent increase in personal transportation needs. Thus sustainable transportation behaviour has become a pertinent variable for investigation. The current study thus aimed to study the impact of environmental consciousness, green identity, values (biospheric, altruistic, egoistic), and consideration of future consequences on sustainable transportation behaviour such as usage of public transport and carpooling. The study employed a quantitative survey design with 351 participants in total and (M=67% F=33%) who were daily commuters to offices or universities. Results indicated that environmental consciousness, green identity and consideration of future consequences to be positively correlated with sustainable transportation behaviour. Biospheric and altruistic values were also found to have a positive correlation with sustainable transportation behaviour while egoistic values had a negative correlation with sustainable transportation behaviour. These findings have implications for a low carbon economy and society since they highlight important psychological variables that can promote sustainable transportation behaviour at an individual level and reduce overall carbon emissions.
Assessment and Identification of drought prone zone in a Low Laying Area by AHP and MIF method: A GIS based study
Authors: Singh Nameirakpam Momo , Devi Thiyam Tamphasana 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The study location, the Imphal West district of Manipur state, is known for its flood-prone character due to its low-lying topography in India’s north-eastern region. Unexpectedly, in the year 2019, a drought-like scenario with extremely limited available surface water arose, severely affecting agricultural activity in the region, which is primarily covered by agricultural land. Drought-prone zones for 2019 were discovered using GIS (Geographical Information System) tools and satellite data, employing both the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and MIF (Multi Influencing Factor) methods. Seven parameters (rainfall, temperature, slope, drainage density, soil, landuse/landcover, and groundwater yield) were taken as input parameters. Drought zones were simulated and classified as mild (22.82% according to AHP and 39.42% according to MIF), moderate (60.10% and 54.71%), severe (16.16% and 5.55%), and extreme (0.92% and 0.32%). Drought data (ground data) from the State Government Department (2019) shows that 43.71% of drought zones are mild, while 51.32% are moderate, indicating that the MIF approach can more accurately simulate the drought region than the AHP method.