bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cost of tsetse control using ‘Tiny Targets’ in the sleeping sickness endemic forest area of Bonon in Côte d’Ivoire: Implications for comparing costs across different settings
Authors: Courtin Fabrice , Kaba Dramane , Rayaisse Jean-Baptiste , Solano Philippe , Torr Steve J. , Shaw Alexandra P. M. 
Published: January 2022

Background
Work to control the gambiense form of human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT), or sleeping sickness, is now directed towards ending transmission of the parasite by 2030. In order to supplement gHAT case-finding and treatment, since 2011 tsetse control has been implemented using Tiny Targets in a number of gHAT foci. As this intervention is extended to new foci, it is vital to understand the costs involved. Costs have already been analysed for the foci of Arua in Uganda and Mandoul in Chad. This paper examines the costs of controlling Glossina palpalis palpalis in the focus of Bonon in Côte d’Ivoire from 2016 to 2017.

Methodology/Principal findings
Some 2000 targets were placed throughout the main gHAT transmission area of 130 km2 at a density of 14.9 per km2. The average annual cost was USD 0.5 per person protected, USD 31.6 per target deployed of which 12% was the cost of the target itself, or USD 471.2 per km2 protected. Broken down by activity, 54% was for deployment and maintenance of targets, 34% for tsetse surveys/monitoring and 12% for sensitising populations.

Conclusions/Significance
The cost of tsetse control per km2 of the gHAT focus protected in Bonon was more expensive than in Chad or Uganda, while the cost per km2 treated, that is the area where the targets were actually deployed, was cheaper. Per person protected, the Bonon cost fell between the two, with Uganda cheaper and Chad more expensive. In Bonon, targets were deployed throughout the protected area, because G. p. palpalis was present everywhere, whereas in Chad and Uganda G. fuscipes fuscipes was found only the riverine fringing vegetation. Thus, differences between gHAT foci, in terms of tsetse ecology and human geography, impact on the cost-effectiveness of tsetse control. It also demonstrates the need to take into account both the area treated and protected alongside other impact indicators, such as the cost per person protected.
Vitronectin-derived bioactive peptide prevents spondyloarthritis by modulating Th17/Treg imbalance in mice with curdlan-induced spondyloarthritis
Authors: Min Hong Ki , Choi JeongWon , Lee Seon-Yeong , Lee A. Ram , Min Byung-Moo , Cho Mi-La , Park Sung-Hwan 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a systemic inflammatory arthritis mediated mainly by interleukin (IL)-17. The vitronectin-derived bioactive peptide, VnP-16, exerts an anti-osteoporotic effect via β1 and αvβ3 integrin signaling. SpA is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis, and we investigated the effect of VnP-16 in mice with SpA.

Methods
SpA was induced by curdlan in SKG ZAP-70W163C mice, which were treated with vehicle, celecoxib, VnP-16, or VnP-16+celecoxib. The clinical score, arthritis score, spondylitis score, and proinflammatory cytokine expression of the spine were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Type 17 helper T cell (Th17) and regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation in the spleen was evaluated by flow cytometry and in the spine by confocal staining. Splenocyte expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 and pSTAT3 was evaluated by in vitro Western blotting.

Results
The clinical score was significantly reduced in the VnP16+celecoxib group. The arthritis and spondylitis scores were significantly lower in the VnP-16 and VnP16+celecoxib groups than the vehicle group. In the spine, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-17 expression were reduced and Th17/Treg imbalance was regulated in the VnP-16 alone and VnP-16+celecoxib groups. Flow cytometry of splenocytes showed increased polarization of Tregs in the VnP-16+celecoxib group. In vitro, VnP-16 suppressed pSTAT3.

Conclusions
VnP-16 plus celecoxib prevented SpA progression in a mouse model by regulating the Th17/Treg imbalance and suppressing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines.
Fragment based drug design
Authors: Sachdeo Rahul Ashok , Anthwal Tulika , Nain Sumitra 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Rational approaches towards drug development have emerged as one of the most promising ways among the tedious conventional procedures with the aim of redefining the drug discovery process. The need of current medical system is demanding a much precise, faster and reliable approaches in parallel to faster growing technology for development of drugs with more intrinsic action and fewer side effects. Systematic and well-defined diagnostic studies have revealed the specific causes of disease and related targets for drug development. Designing a drug as per the specific target, studying it in-silico prior to its development has been proved as an added benefit to the studies. Many approaches like structure based drug design, fragment based drug design and ligand based drug design are been in practice for the drug discovery and development with the similar fundamental theory. Fragment based drug design utilizes a library of fragments designed specifically for the concerned target and these fragments are studied further before screening with virtual methods as well as with biophysical methods. The process follows a well-defined pathway which moulds a fragment into a perfect drug candidate. In this chapter we have tried to cover all the basic aspects of fragment based drug design and related technologies.
Dilatancy Equation and Yield Function for Granular Materials Based on Energy Accumulation
Authors: Guo Wanli , Chen Ge , Wang Junjie , Jian Fuxian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The dilatancy equation and yield function are the two important components of the elastoplastic constitutive model for soils. Because the incremental energy equations of the Cam-Clay and Rowe models do not consider the particle breakage energy, the predicted dilatancy for the granular materials is not convincing. Accordingly, the total input energy during shearing, Es, is taken as the equivalent of the energy equation, and Es is found to be directly proportional to the shearing strain, εs. The slope, K, of the Es∼εs line is theoretically induced and experimentally demonstrated to be equal to the critical shear stress, qc. Thus, a new dilatancy equation and yield function are derived and preliminarily verified using different kinds of granular materials, e.g., calcareous sand, gravel, and rockfill. The shape of the proposed yield surface can be adjusted automatically from bullet-shaped to drop-shaped with an increasing Mc, which is better for expressing the yielding behavior of granular materials. Additionally, another significant advantage of the proposed dilatancy equation and yield function is that no additional fitting or nonphysical parameters except Mc (critical stress ratio) is included, whereas the predictions for the granular materials are still satisfactory.
ON HOP DOMINATION NUMBER OF SOME GENERALIZED GRAPH STRUCTURES
Authors: Shanmugavelan S. , Natarajan C. 
Published: January 2022

A subset \( H \subseteq V (G) \) of a graph \(G\) is a hop dominating set (HDS) if for every \({v\in (V\setminus H)}\) there is at least one vertex \(u\in H\) such that \(d(u,v)=2\). The minimum cardinality of a hop dominating set of \(G\) is called the hop domination number of \(G\) and is denoted by \(\gamma_{h}(G)\). In this paper, we compute the hop domination number for triangular and quadrilateral snakes. Also, we analyse the hop domination number of graph families such as generalized thorn path, generalized ciliates graphs, glued path graphs and generalized theta graphs.
E-assessment: Wash-Back Effects and Challenges (Examining Students’ and Teachers’ Attitudes Towards E-tests)
Authors: Binnahedh Ibtessam Abdulaziz 
Published: January 2022

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[7] Jiamin, X., Jinyan, L., & Tianyi, M. (2021). The wash-back effect of reformed CET 6 listening comprehension test. Asian Journal of Education and Training, 7(1), 70-73.
[8] Johnson, M.& Shaw, S.(2019). What is computer-based testing washback, how can it be evaluated and how can this support practitioner research?, Journal of Further and Higher Education, 43:9, 1255-1270, DOI: 10.1080/0309877X.2018.1471127
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[13] Wall, D. (1997). Impact and wash-back in language testing. In C. Clapham & D. Corson (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Language and Education (pp. 291-302). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers
Practice and Acceptability of Yoga Among Pregnant Women in India: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Shidhaye Rahul , Shukla Shambhavi , Madhivanan Purnima 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The practice of yoga is beneficial during pregnancy, but we do not know what proportion of pregnant women in India practice yoga. To address this research gap, we conducted a study to address following research questions: (1) What proportion of pregnant women in rural Maharashtra practice yoga? (2) Which sociodemographic factors are associated with the practice of yoga among these women? and (3) What is the perceived acceptability of integrating yoga-based intervention into routine antenatal care? A consecutive sample of pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of a tertiary care hospital, who could fluently communicate in Marathi and who did not have any serious physical illness or cognitive impairment, were included in this cross-sectional survey. A total of 228 subjects were included in our study. Yoga was practiced by 38 of them (16.7%, 95% confidence interval 12.1–22.1) during the current pregnancy. Older age, higher education, and being a professional (teacher, healthcare provider, or bank official) were associated with practice of yoga. More than half of the participants (53.9%) thought that yoga should be included as part of their antenatal care; this perceived acceptability of yoga was not associated with any of the sociodemographic factors except for the participants’ occupation. This study provides information about the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with the practice of yoga among pregnant women in a rural setting in India. It also explores the perceived acceptability of yoga-based interventions among this group. Findings from this study can inform design of future studies to evaluate the effect of yoga-based interventions during pregnancy.
A Detailed Earthquake Catalog for Banda Arc–Australian Plate Collision Zone Using Machine-Learning Phase Picker and an Automated Workflow
Authors: Jiang Chengxin , Zhang Ping , White Malcolm C. A. , Pickle Robert , Miller Meghan S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The tectonic setting of Timor–Leste and Eastern Indonesia comprises of a complex transition from oceanic lithosphere subduction to arc-continental collision. To better understand the deformation and convergent-zone structure of the region, we derive a new catalog of earthquake hypocenters and magnitudes from a temporary deployment of five years of continuous seismic data using an automated processing procedure. This includes a machine-learning phase picker, EQTransformer, and a sequential earthquake association and location workflow. We detect and locate ∼19,000 events during 2014–2018, which demonstrates that it is possible to characterize earthquake sequences from raw seismic data using a well-trained machine-learning picker for a complex convergent plate setting. This study provides the most complete catalog available for the region for the duration of the temporary deployment, which includes a complex pattern of crustal events across the collision zone and into the back-arc, as well as abundant deep slab seismicity.
The prevalence and burden of primary headache disorders among adults in rural villages of Bangalore District, South India: A community-based study
Authors: Mathew Thomas , Ajay Shweta , Goud B Ramakrishna , Shanbhag Deepthi Narayan , Pallan Charles J , D'mello Priya Genevieve , Colaço Ryan , Andrade Sneha Jaganathan , Varghese Nidhin , John Saji K 
Published: January 2022

The prevalence of primary headache disorders (PHDs) and their burden has been seldom studied in the rural community setting of a developing country. To study the prevalence of primary headache disorders and their burden in the rural community A door to door survey was done in seven rural villages under Mugalur sub centre area, Sarjapura Primary Health Centre and Anekal taluk, Bangalore district, Karnataka State, south India, for finding the prevalence and burden of PHDs. During the study period of three months, a total of 1255 people were screened in the seven villages. 13.1% (165/1255) of people suffered from PHDs. The population prevalence of migraine without aura was 8.84% (111/1255), tension type headache was 2.86% (36/1255) and chronic migraine was 1.43%(18/1255). The mean number of headache days for all the PHDs was 4.26 (±1.64) days. 66.1% of persons with headache reported minimal or infrequent impact of headache. Among various demographic variables, headache was significantly associated with the female gender and marital status. PHDs are prevalent in the rural communities of developing countries and need urgent attention of primary care physicians, community health departments, governmental agencies and policy makers.
Cardiac Manifestations in Iranian Patients with Behçet’s Disease
Authors: Shadmanfar Soraya , Masoumi Maryam , Davatchi Fereydoun , Akhlaghi Massoomeh , Faezi Seyedeh Tahereh , Kavosi Hoda , Balasi Javad , Deravi Niloofar , Montazeri Seyed Mohammad Hashem , Namazi Mansoor 
Published: January 2022

Background: Behcet’s disease (BD) is a vasculitis with multisystem and multiorgan involvement. Cardiac involvement in BD is a rare complication with a poor outcome that manifests itself in different forms. In this study, we aimed to investigate cardiac involvement in BD.
Methods: This is a retrospective study based on cardiac manifestations in BD according to the data of the Behçet’s Disease Unit, the Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, from registered patients from 1975 until June 2017. Cardiac manifestations consisted of pericarditis, myocardiopathy, myocardial infarction, stable ischemic heart disease, endomyocardial fibrosis, thrombosis, and valvular and coronary involvement. All the patients’ baseline and demographic data were recorded in a designed questionnaire. The laboratory workups, imaging, and pathological tests were also performed.
Results: We studied 7650 patients with BD, of whom 51% were male. In the entire study population, 47 patients manifested cardiac involvement: valvular involvement in 6.1%, myocardial infarction in 23.4%, stable ischemic heart disease in 20%, pericarditis in 21.3%, intracardiac thrombosis in 2.1%, coronary aneurysm in 2.1%, heart failure in 12.8%, and dilated cardiomyopathy in 4.3%.
Conclusion: The prevalence of cardiac involvement in our patients with BD was 0.6%. A multidisciplinary approach can reduce mortality and morbidity rates. Consequently, we suggest that echocardiography and other cardiac diagnostic tests be routinely considered for early diagnosis and subsequent treatment.
Very Early Discharge of Patients with ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Kianoosh , Naghshtabrizi Behshad , Emami Farzad , Yazdi Amirhossein , Naghshtabrizi Nima , Zebarjadi Sara 
Published: January 2022

Background: The discharge of uncomplicated patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) within 48 to 72 hours has been proven safe and feasible. The safety and feasibility of the very early discharge (≤48 h) of such patients, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic with limited bed availability and infection risk, have yet to be evaluated.
Methods: In this cohort study on 108 patients with STEMI who presented to Farshchian Heart Center between February and May 2020, 30 patients received fibrinolysis and 78 were scheduled for emergent coronary angiography. One patient had no coronary obstruction, 3 underwent emergent surgery, and 3 had high-risk features mandating a prolonged stay. The remaining patients were assigned to either Group A (≤48 h) or Group B (>48 h) regarding hospital discharge. Demographic, angiographic, procedural, and outcome data were compared between the 2 groups.
Results: Group A consisted of 51 patients, including 7 women (13.7%), at a mean age of 62.74±12.35 years, and Group B comprised 20 patients, including 4 women (20.0%), at a mean age of 65.20±12.82 years. The mean hospital length of stay was 38.02±9.15 hours in Group A and 88.20±23.31 hours in Group B (P<0.001). The mean stent diameter was smaller in Group B (3.19±0.34 mm vs 2.96±0.29 mm; P=0.008). Demographic, angiographic, procedural, and outcome data, including the rates of in-hospital, 1-week, and 1-month mortality, were similar between the 2 groups.
Conclusion: This study shows that a hospital discharge in less than 48 hours in low-risk patients with STEMI is safe and feasible. The potential advantages of this approach in the COVID-19 pandemic should be balanced against its risks.
Design and validation of a tool to assess the safety principles of working with nanomaterials in nanotechnology laboratories
Authors: Omari Shekaftik S , Mohammadi S , MA Zareipour , Haghighi Asl A , Soltani Gerdefaramarzi R , Ahmadi Kanrash F 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The unique properties of nanomaterials, in addition to their applications in science and technology, can be a threat to human health and the environment. Exposure to these materials may occur in workplaces or research laboratories. It can be said that about half of people with occupational exposure to nanomaterials work in academic environments and laboratories. So, the present study was conducted to design and validate a tool to investigate the principles of working safely with nanomaterials in research laboratories.
Materials & Methods: The tool was designed using reports, instructions and articles related to " Methods of working safely with nanomaterials". The validity of the tool was assessed using Lawshe method by calculating CVI and CVR. The reliability of the instrument was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and kappa coefficient.
Results: The tool was designed in 5 sections: "General Information", "Transportation and Storage of Nanomaterials", "Engineering Controls", "Administrative Controls" and "Personal Protection Equipment". After validation, 5 items did not get the necessary points to stay in the tool and were removed. The Cronbach's alpha value for each section of the tool was more than 0.80, indicating that the was "appropriate".
Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that the tool studied in this study is compatible for the designed purpose and is ready to be used as a questionnaire or checklist.
Investigation of Effort-Reward Imbalance Model as predictor of Counterproductive Work Behaviors
Authors: Moradi Tamadon T , Heydari B , Mortezapour soufiani A , Babamiri M 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Nowadays, counterproductive behaviors have become a common and costly position for many organizations, and Managers of organizations are always looking for a suitable and practical solution to reduce this type of behavior in their organization. Due to the importance of the subject, the present study aims to investigate the imbalance of effort and reward as a predictor of counterproductive behaviors.
Materials and Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study. The target population was all nurses working in hospitals in Hamadan, and according to the simple random sampling method, 320 people were selected as the research sample. The tools used in this study were the Imbalance of Effort-Reward questionnaire and the counterproductive questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation method using SPSS18.
Results: The results showed that the effort-reward imbalance model at a significance level of 0.05 is able to predict individual counterproductive behaviors in nurses (P = 0.036). Among the studied variables, the reward variable is able to predict individual counterproductive behaviors (β = -0.179 and P = 0.006) and organizational (β=-0.171 and P = 0.009) and the over-commitment variable is able to predict individual counterproductive behaviors. (β= 0.145 and P = 0.05). According to the results, the effort-reward imbalance model could not predict organizational counterproductive behaviors.
Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that job stress is an important factor in creating Counterproductive behaviors in personnel and the components of the model used in this study can be used to reduce the incidence of these behaviors among nurses.
Architect’s Role under the Real Estate Regulation and Development Act, 2016
Authors: Saini Anurag , Daddera Suraj Suresh , Mondal Devjanee , Sikka Rohin , Nagdeve Shruti S 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: In 2016 the Indian society was introduced with the regulation and development act for real eastate (RERA) to bring transparency in the dealing of real estate in terms of deals between developers and consumers taking into consideration the wellfare of the consumers. This research aims to identify and understand the extent of Arhitects role in the act focussing on punishments and arbitration for various offenses.
Methodology: An online survey was conducted with practicing architects to understand their perspective and viewpoints to identify what they feel are the biggest positives and negatives of the act.
Main Findings: The results show that 17% of the architects have faced disputes related to RERA and 60% of respondents were not satisfied with RERA's duration to resolve any of the cases, which were not resolved until the date. From the data gathered through the online survey, most of the respondents were unaware of their role they are required to perform as mentioned in the act.
Implications: To perform Architects' tasks correctly, awareness of the RERA, 2016 Act is necessary. The survey shows that many respondents thought that the act had nothing to do with architects and was solely for builders.