bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirical formulation for debris flow impact and energy release
Authors: Di Perna Angela , Cuomo Sabatino , Martinelli Mario 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFull understanding the interaction mechanisms between flow-like landslides and the impacted protection structures is an open issue. While several approaches, from experimental to numerical, have been used so far, it is clear that the adequate assessment of the hydromechanical behaviour of the landslide body requires both a multiphase and large deformation approach. This paper refers to a specific type of protection structure, namely a rigid barrier, fixed to the base ground. Firstly, a framework for the Landslide-Structure-Interaction (LSI) is outlined with special reference to the potential barrier overtopping (nil, moderate, large) depending on the features of both the flow and the barrier. Then, a novel empirical method is casted to estimate the impact force on the barrier and the time evolution of the flow kinetic energy. The new method is calibrated by using an advanced hydro-mechanical numerical model based on the Material Point Method. The validation of the empirical formulation is pursued referring to a large dataset of field evidence for the peak impact pressure. Both numerical and empirical methods can appropriately simulate the physical phenomena. The performance of the newly proposed empirical method is compared to the literature methods and its advantages are outlined.
Teasing apart the host-related, nutrient-related and temperature-related effects shaping the phenology and microbiome of the tropical seagrass Halophila stipulacea
Authors: Szitenberg Amir , Beca-Carretero Pedro , Azcárate-García Tomás , Yergaliyev Timur , Alexander-Shani Rivka , Winters Gidon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundHalophila stipulaceaseagrass meadows are an ecologically important and threatened component of the ecosystem in the Gulf of Aqaba. Recent studies have demonstrated correlated geographic patterns for leaf epiphytic community composition and leaf morphology, also coinciding with different levels of water turbidity and nutrient concentrations. Based on these observations, workers have suggested an environmental microbial fingerprint, which may reflect various environmental stress factors seagrasses have experienced, and may add a holobiont level of plasticity to seagrasses, assisting their acclimation to changing environments and through range expansion. However, it is difficult to tease apart environmental effects from host-diversity dependent effects, which have covaried in field studies, although this is required in order to establish that differences in microbial community compositions among sites are driven by environmental conditions rather than by features governed by the host.ResultsIn this study we carried out a mesocosm experiment, in which we studied the effects of warming and nutrient stress on the composition of epiphytic bacterial communities and on some phenological traits. We studiedH. stipulaceacollected from two different meadows in the Gulf of Aqaba, representing differences in the host and the environment alike. We found that the source site from which seagrasses were collected was the major factor governing seagrass phenology, although heat increased shoot mortality and nutrient loading delayed new shoot emergence. Bacterial diversity, however, mostly depended on the environmental conditions. The most prominent pattern was the increase in Rhodobacteraceae under nutrient stress without heat stress, along with an increase in Microtrichaceae. Together, the two taxa have the potential to maintain nitrate reduction followed by an anammox process, which can together buffer the increase in nutrient concentrations across the leaf surface.ConclusionsOur results thus corroborate the existence of environmental microbial fingerprints, which are independent from the host diversity, and support the notion of a holobiont level plasticity, both important to understand and monitorH. stipulaceaecology under the changing climate.
Incidence and Clinical Relevance of COVID-19 in a Population of Young Competitive and Elite Football Players: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Colangelo Lidia , Volpe Alessandra , Toso Elisabetta , Magnano Massimo , Matta Mario , Vignati Chiara , Marchini Andrea , Semperboni Luca , Stefanini Luca , Gaita Fiorenzo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically changed lifestyle worldwide, including sport. A comprehensive evaluation of the prevalence of cardiac involvement in COVID-19 is essential to finalize a safe protocol for resuming elite sport. The aim of this study is to evaluate incidence of cardiac involvement and COVID-19 impact on athletic performance.

Materials and methods
This retrospective observational study analysed the data collected from consecutive competitive athletes who performed medical-sports examinations at the J Medical Center from March 2020 to March 2021. All athletes periodically performed a molecular test using a nasopharyngeal swab to detect COVID-19 infection. Positive athletes performed laboratory (cardiac troponin T—cTnT) and instrumental (echocardiography, stress test, Holter ECG) investigations following recovery to identify any cardiac involvement. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in case of abnormal findings at first-level evaluation.

Results
Among 238 athletes (median age 20 years), 77 contracted COVID-19, mainly males (79%) with a median age of 16 years. Fifty-one athletes (66%) presented mild symptoms, and none required hospitalization. Evaluation for resuming sport was performed after a median of 30 days from the first positive test. Abnormal findings were obtained in 13 cases (5 athletes [6%] with elevated cTnT values; 13 athletes [17%] with arrhythmias on Holter ECG and/or during stress test; 2 athletes [3%] anomalies at echocardiography). Cardiac MRI discovered abnormalities in 9 cases, but none of these was clearly related to COVID-19 and none fulfilled acute myocarditis criteria. No negative impact on athletic performance was observed, and none of the athletes developed persistent COVID-related symptoms.

Conclusions
Our registry confirms the predominantly self-limiting illness in young athlete population. The incidence of clear COVID-19-related structural myocardial injury was very low, but transient exertional ventricular arrhythmias or pericardial effusion was observed without significant impact on athletic performance. Implemented screening for return to activity is likely reasonable only in moderate-to-severe symptomatic athletes.
Quantitative effects of head rotation angle on apnea hypopnea index in positional obstructive sleep apnea – a preliminary case series
Authors: Lyons Christopher , Flanagan Kelly , Lyons Ellen , Lawee Michael , Aghassi Payam 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Quantify the effects of head rotation and head incline on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity.

Design
Single-arm, intervention study.

Setting
Pulmonary specialty clinic.

Case presentation
Ten adults diagnosed with positional OSA ranging from 32 to 64 years of age 6 females, 4 males reporting persistent daytime sleepiness and health issues with consistent use of CPAP.

Intervention
Standard polysomnography with a head angle sensor attached to the forehead and coaching to fall asleep with head at various rotation and incline angles and torso in supine and non-supine positions.

Measurements
OSA severity was scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines. Apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and peripheral capillary oxygen (SpO2) saturation were measured during each sleep epoch of unique head rotation, head incline, and torso position.

Results
Two participants (1 with no apneas and 1 with central sleep apnea) were excluded. Among the remaining 8 participants, average reduction in peak AHI was 66% (range 18–88%) with head rotation ≤ 20° above the horizon compared with > 20° above the horizon. The average of peak AHI values with head rotation ≤ 20° was significantly lower than with head rotation > 20° (20.0 vs 45.3, P = 0.002). Minimum SpO2 was significantly higher for head rotation ≤ 20° compared with > 20° (mean: 90.6% vs 84.3%, P = 0.03). In the torso supine position, average peak AHI was significantly lower with head rotation ≤ 20° compared with > 20° (7.1 vs 52.1, P < 0.001). In the torso non-supine position, lower average peak AHI with head rotation ≤ 20° was not statistically significant (22.3 vs 38.4, P = 0.09).

Conclusion
These results support further exploration of maintaining head position ≤ 20° above the horizon to minimize AHI and oxygen desaturation in OSA patients.

Trial registration
Apnea Hypopnea Index Severity Versus Head Position During Sleep.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04086407 September 11, 2019 Registered retrospectively.
Does weight loss affect the center of pressure of children with obesity: a follow-up study
Authors: Zhang Linshan , Yan Shiyang , Li Ruoyi , Dan Weihua , Yang Luming 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Children with obesity were found to show the greater postural instability compared to the normal-weighted children. However, it’s still unclear if their altered postural control ability would recover towards normal pattern after weight loss. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of weight loss on the center of pressure (COP) for obese children.

Method
Totally 147 children were conducted a follow-up study in three years. A total number of 22 participants aged 7–13 years were recruited for their remission of obesity problem after 36 months. Their dynamic plantar pressure data were collected by Footscan pressure plate. The normalized time of four sub-phases, displacements and velocities of COP in anterior–posterior (AP) and medial–lateral (ML) directions were calculated to perform the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and paired sample t test for statistical analyses.

Results
After weight loss, children’s normalized time of forefoot contact phase (FFCP) increased significantly, and their duration of flat foot phase (FFP) decreased significantly. They also exhibited the more medial and posterior orientated COP path after weight loss. In ML-direction, the COP displacement during FFP and FFPOP increased, and the COP velocity during FFPOP increased. In AP-direction, COP velocity during FFP and FFPOP increased.

Conclusions
The findings indicated that weight loss would have effects on the COP characteristics and postural stability for obese children. COP trajectory can provide essential information for evaluating foot function. The findings may be useful for obese children, medical staff, and healthcare physician.

Graphical Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of poly (styrene-co-acrylamide)-graft-polyanilines as new sorbents for mercuric present in aqueous hydrocarbon liquids
Authors: Fares Hossam M. M. , Azzam Eid. M. S. , Abd El-Salam H. M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The unprocessing hydrocarbon oil often contains high concentrations of mercury, which damages the metallic processing components and have health risk on workers and environment. Mercuric removal unit associated with natural gas processing plant is failed to complete mercury removal and then mercury distributed in most places of removal unit. Most of unremoved mercury are found in polar solutions.

Results
Styrene-co-acrylamide-graft-polyanilines were synthesized and characterized. The copolymer formed by free radical emulsion copolymerization of styrene-acrylamide (14:1) using ammonium persulphate (APS) at 60 °C. In addition, the grafting process was also achieved by oxidation chemical polymerization of the above copolymer with both aniline and 2-chloroaniline using APS. The synthetic polymeric samples were characterized using infrared (IR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scan electron microscope (SEM), transition electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) to confirm the polymerization process and investigate the polymeric samples as new sorbents for Hg (II). Both adsorption kinetics and isotherm models were checked.

Conclusions
In most cases Hg (II) was adsorbed as multi-layer on the obtained mesopores materials. The grafting process enhances the copolymer activity towards Hg (II) removal. The complete removal of mercury from water solution portion of mercuric removal unit was achieved by introduction of synthetic polymeric mesopores material based on styrene-co-acrylamide-graft-polyanilines. The removal efficiency closed to 100% in case of grafting with poly (2-chloroaniline).
Physical Therapy Utilization Among Hospitalized Patients With Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Rodwin Rozalyn L. , Ma Xiaomei , Ness Kirsten K. , Kadan-Lottick Nina S. , Wang Rong 
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE: Patients with pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at risk for impaired physical function from treatment. Early physical therapy (PT) may improve physical function and health in children with ALL, yet little is known about PT utilization in this population. METHODS: Leveraging the Premier Healthcare Database, we conducted a cohort study including participants hospitalized with ALL at age 0-21 years from January 1, 2010, through March 31, 2017. A generalized mixed linear model assessed sociodemographic and clinical variables associated with receiving PT within 1 year of first hospitalization. RESULTS: Among 5,488 pediatric ALL patients from 330 hospitals (median age 7 years, interquartile range = 4-14 years), only 27.2% overall and 58.9% with neuromuscular conditions received PT within a year of first ALL admission. In multivariable analysis, patients more likely to receive PT were age 10-14 years (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.76) or 15-21 years (OR = 1.66; 95% CI, 1.36 to 2.02) versus 0-4 years and Hispanic (OR = 1.27; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.56) versus White. Patients less likely to receive PT were treated by a nonhematology/oncology pediatric (OR = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.70) or adult (OR = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.65) specialist versus a pediatric hematologist/oncologist and treated at a nonteaching hospital (OR = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.79) versus a teaching hospital. CONCLUSION: Only 27.2% of pediatric ALL patients overall and 58.9% with neuromuscular conditions receive inpatient PT within a year of first ALL admission. Interventions to increase inpatient PT services to pediatric ALL patients and address disparities in PT utilization may improve the physical function and long-term health of survivors.
Identification of Foramen Ovale With H-Figure Fluoroscopic Landmark Improves Treatment Outcomes in Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: He Liang-Liang , Zhao Wen-Xing , Paul Su Po-Yi , Sun Qin-Ran , Guo Gui-Li , Yue Jian-Ning , Ni Jia-Xiang , Yang Li-Qiang , Guan Zhonghui 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:
Because it is traditionally difficult and time-consuming to identify the foramen ovale (FO) with fluoroscopy, we recently developed the H-figure method to acquire fluoroscopic view of FO with shorter procedure time and less radiation. However, the impact of such an H-figure approach on the clinical outcomes of trigeminal ganglion radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) in treating idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (ITN) remains unclear.

METHODS:
In a 12-month follow-up retrospective cohort study, patients with ITN had fluoroscopy-guided RFT of trigeminal ganglion via either classic approach (n = 100) or H-figure approach (n = 136) to identify FO. Data of continuous variables were analyzed with a Shapiro-Wilk test for normality and subsequently with a Mann-Whitney test, and the binary data were analyzed with a χ2 test. The primary outcome was the facial pain measured by a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) 1 year after the treatment. The secondary outcomes included the quality of the fluoroscopic FO views, the threshold voltage to provoke paresthesia, the procedure time, the number of fluoroscopic images, and the facial numbness VAS.

RESULTS:
Compared with the classic approach group, the H-figure approach group was associated with better long-term pain relief after the procedure, with significantly fewer patients had pain 3 months (6.6% vs 17.0%, P = .012) and 12 months (21.3% vs 38.0%, P = .005) after the procedure, and among patients who had pain after the procedure, patients in the H-figure group had significantly less pain 6 months after the procedure (VAS median [interquartile range (IQR)]: 3 [2–6] vs 6 [4–7], P < .001). Moreover, compared to the classic approach, the H-figure approach provided better fluoroscopic view of FO, lower threshold voltage to elicit paresthesia (median [IQR]: 0.2 [0.2–0.3] vs 0.4 [0.4–0.5] V, P < .0001), with shorter procedure time (median [IQR]: 7.5 [6.0–9.0] vs 14.0 [10.0–18.0] min, P < .0001), and required fewer fluoroscopic images (median [IQR]: 4.0 [3.0–5.0] vs 8.0 [6.0–10.0], P < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
RFT of the trigeminal ganglion using the H-figure approach is associated with superior longer term clinical pain relief than the classic approach in treating ITN.
Advantages and Limitations of Intraoperative Ultrasound Strain Elastography Applied in Brain Tumor Surgery: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Cepeda Santiago , García-García Sergio , Arrese Ignacio , Velasco-Casares María , Sarabia Rosario 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:
Strain elastography is an intraoperative ultrasound (ioUS) modality currently under development with various potential applications in neurosurgery.

OBJECTIVE:
To describe the main technical aspects, usefulness, and limitations of ioUS strain elastography applied in a large case series of brain tumors.

METHODS:
We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent craniotomy for a brain tumor between March 2018 and March 2021. Cases with an ioUS strain elastography study were included. The elastograms were processed semiquantitatively, and the mean tissue elasticity (MTE) values were calculated from the histogram of intensities. An analysis was performed to correlate the histopathological groups and the tumor and peritumoral MTE values using the Kruskal–Wallis test and a decision tree classifier. Furthermore, elastogram quality was assessed to discuss possible artifacts and weaknesses of the ultrasound technique.

RESULTS:
One hundred two patients with the following histopathological diagnoses were analyzed: 43 high-grade gliomas, 11 low-grade gliomas, 28 meningiomas, and 20 metastases. The tumor MTE values were significantly different between the histopathological groups (P < .001). The decision tree classifier showed an area under the curve of 0.73 and a classification accuracy of 72%. The main technical limitations found in our series were the presence of artifacts after dural opening, the variability of the frequency and amplitude of the mechanical pulsations, and the challenge in evaluating deep lesions.

CONCLUSION:
Tumor stiffness revealed by ioUS strain elastography has a plausible histopathological correlation. Thus, this fast and versatile technique has enormous potential to be exploited in the coming years.
Third-order harmonic mode-locked and Q-switched Er-doped fiber laser based on a Cr2Ge2Te6 saturable absorber
Authors: Liu Xueyao , Xu Nannan , Shang Xinxin , Zhao Lin , Dong Xueyuan , Liu Chao , Zhang Huanian , Li Dengwang 
Published: April 2022

This paper reports the generation of fundamental solitons and third-order solitons in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) by a

C

r

2

G

e

2

T

e

6

-polyvinyl alcohol (CGT-PVA) saturable absorber (SA). Stable fundamental solitons at 1559.09 nm at a repetition frequency of 5.1 MHz were detected, and third-order solitons with a maximum output power of 6.807 mW and narrowest monopulse duration of 615.2 fs were obtained under a repetition frequency of 15.3 MHz by changing pump power. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to achieve a

Q

-switched pulse with a minimum pulse duration of 2.2 µs and maximum single pulse energy of 12.11 nJ in EDFL based on CGT-PVA SA after reducing the cavity length. Its repetition rate monotonically increased from 18.8 kHz to 61.8 kHz with a tuning range of about 43 kHz. The experimental results sufficiently demonstrate that CGT has enormous potential as an ultrafast photonics device.
Colorless, partially directionless, and contentionless architecture for high-degree ROADMs
Authors: Li Yongcheng , Lin Jieming , Zong Liangjia , Bose Sanjay K. , Mukherjee Biswanath , Shen Gangxiang 
Published: April 2022

With the rapid growth of Internet traffic, there can be multiple pairs of bi-directional fibers on a network link. This leads to the need for high-degree reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers (ROADMs) in an optical network. However, this high-degree requirement poses new challenges to ROADMs since it is challenging and expensive for a wavelength selective switch (WSS), a key switching component in a ROADM, to expand its size. Therefore, a common strategy is to use small-size WSSs to build a high-degree ROADM. In this paper, we design a novel colorless, partially directionless, and contentionless (CpDC) ROADM architecture, in which the sizes of WSSs can be significantly reduced by partially sacrificing the directionless feature of a ROADM. The partially directionless feature may degrade the switching performance of a ROADM. Thus, to tackle this issue, we also propose an interconnection pattern for the ROADM backplane to effectively connect fiber links and add/drop modules. An analytical model is developed to evaluate the lightpath blocking performance of a single CpDC ROADM. Efficient routing, fiber, wavelength, and add/drop port assignment (RFWPA) algorithms (i.e., the shortest-path-based and waveplane-based algorithms) are also developed for lightpath establishment in an optical network made up of CpDC ROADMs, in which two wavelength selection strategies [i.e., non-interconnection aware (NIA) and interconnection aware (IA)] are further proposed. Simulation studies show that, while these achieve almost the same lightpath blocking performance as conventional CDC ROADMs, CpDC ROADMs are more effective from considerations of cost, insertion loss, and node volume. The waveplane-based RFWPA algorithm with the IA strategy is also found to be the most effective for lightpath provisioning in an optical network made up of CpDC ROADMs.
Silicon microring synapses enable photonic deep learning beyond 9-bit precision
Authors: Zhang Weipeng , Huang Chaoran , Peng Hsuan-Tung , Bilodeau Simon , Jha Aashu , Blow Eric , de Lima Thomas Ferreira , Shastri Bhavin J. , Prucnal Paul 
Published: April 2022

Deep neural networks (DNNs) consist of layers of neurons interconnected by synaptic weights. A high bit-precision in weights is generally required to guarantee high accuracy in many applications. Minimizing error accumulation between layers is also essential when building large-scale networks. Recent demonstrations of photonic neural networks are limited in bit-precision due to cross talk and the high sensitivity of optical components (e.g., resonators). Here, we experimentally demonstrate a record-high precision of 9 bits with a dithering control scheme for photonic synapses. We then numerically simulated the impact with increased synaptic precision on a wireless signal classification application. This work could help realize the potential of photonic neural networks for many practical, real-world tasks.