bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ins and outs of the flavin mononucleotide cofactor of respiratory complex I
Authors: Curtabbi Andrea , Enríquez José Antonio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe flavin mononucleotide (FMN) cofactor of respiratory complex I occupies a key position in the electron transport chain. Here, the electrons coming from NADH start the sequence of oxidoreduction reactions, which drives the generation of the proton‐motive force necessary for ATP synthesis. The overall architecture and the general catalytic proprieties of the FMN site are mostly well established. However, several aspects regarding the complex I flavin cofactor are still unknown. For example, the flavin binding to the N‐module, the NADH‐oxidizing portion of complex I, lacks a molecular description. The dissociation of FMN from the enzyme is beginning to emerge as an important regulatory mechanism of complex I activity and ROS production. Finally, how mitochondria import and metabolize FMN is still uncertain. This review summarizes the current knowledge on complex I flavin cofactor and discusses the open questions for future research.
Bacillus subtilis chassis in biomanufacturing 4.0
Authors: Zhang Wenbo , Zhu Xinshu , Wang Yan , Li Tao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSynthetic biology, an emerging research field, can promote biomanufacturing 4.0 by offering various efficient chassis. Engineering Bacillus subtilis, a prominent workhorse in industrial biotechnology, through synthetic biology approaches may be a disruptive innovation. Diverse chassis forms are envisaged to deal with challenges in metabolic complexity, metabolic burden, and systems robustness. Thus, advancements in chassis engineering, a synthetic biology strategy for genome‐reduced cell factories, cell‐free systems, and synthetic microbial consortia would be a driving force facilitating microbial production. In this review article, we summarized chassis engineering categories and applications for B. subtilis. Prospects and challenges for chassis engineering in B. subtilis were also discussed. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Three leading coupled modes of summer rainfall with atmospheric circulations over northern East Asia
Authors: Lin Zhongda , Yang Qin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNorthern East Asia (NEA) is characterized by wet monsoon region in the east and mid‐latitude westerly‐controlled dry inland in the west in summer, where ecosystem and environment are vulnerable to rainfall variability. Previous studies found close relationship between summer rainfall in NEA and local large‐scale atmospheric circulation systems including East Asian upper‐tropospheric westerly jet (EAJ) and middle‐tropospheric trough (EAT), and lower‐tropospheric low over NEA (NEAL). However, major features of rainfall–circulation coupling over NEA are still not fully understood. This study addresses this issue using multivariate empirical orthogonal functions method based on the ERA‐Interim reanalysis dataset and the GPCP precipitation data for 1979–2018. Three leading coupled modes are identified, together accounting for 30–50% of summer rainfall year‐to‐year variance in most of NEA. The first mode features consistent decrease of rainfall in NEA related to the decelerated EAJ, southward shifted EAT, and weakened NEAL, with a significant interdecadal change in late 1990s. The second mode exhibits a meridional dipole rainfall pattern, with less rainfall along the East Asian subtropical rainy belt and more rainfall in southern Russian Far East, coupled with the northward shifted EAJ, weakened EAT, and intensified NEAL. The third mode presents a zonal dipole rainfall pattern, with suppressed rainfall in southern Russia east of northeast China and enhanced rainfall around the Lake Baikal related to the decelerated EAJ, and westward shifted EAT and NEAL. Further investigation shows that the first mode is remotely modulated by summer rainfall anomalies in the Sahel region and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) on the interdecadal timescales, and by the Polar/Eurasia teleconnection on the interannual timescales. The second and third modes are, respectively, modulated by summer rainfall in the western North Pacific and north central‐eastern India through the East Asia‐Pacific and circumglobal teleconnection patterns.
The Cognitive–Creative Profiles of Insightful Problem Solvers: A Person‐Centered Insight Study
Authors: Salmon‐Mordekovich Nirit , Leikin Mark 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to portray insightful problem solvers. Participants solved classic insight problems and rebuses and completed cognitive and creativity tasks. Grouping the participants based on their success in solving insight problems of different modalities revealed that 95% of the spatial problem solvers succeeded in solving verbal ones (spatial verbal solvers) but not vice versa. Verbal problem solvers were not necessarily able to solve spatial ones. A latent class analysis (LCA) based on relationships among the cognitive and creativity variables confirmed these two types of insightful solvers. It portrayed two compatible classes of experts and successful solvers alongside two classes of low‐level solvers. The former classes excelled in solving rebuses and verbal problems, yet the experts outperformed the others in spatial problems. Both classes scored higher in spatial divergent thinking measures than the low‐level solvers. However, the experts benefited additionally from verbal divergent thinking and associative combination ability. Seemingly, should retrieval of diverse ideas be insufficient to solve the problem, the experts combine ideas by a novel association, thereby generating an insight. Moreover, individual differences in working memory indicated that experts favor associative–automatic strategy, whereas successful solvers utilize analytic strategy. These profiles illuminate “insight” in terms of cognitive and creative styles.
Composing in the scanner: A functional magnetic resonance imaging single case study on visual and auditory imagery
Authors: Izadifar Morteza , Yang Taoxi , Paolini Marco , Formuli Arusu , Bao Yan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract“Seeing with the mind's eye” and “hearing with the mind's ear” are two common indicators of musical imagery, and they can be referred to as “visual” and “auditory” musical imagery. However, a question remains open, that is, whether visual and auditory imagery of the same musical composition share the same neural mechanisms. Moreover, how can neural mechanisms guarantee the temporal flow of “musical imagery”? To answer these questions, we report here a preliminary single case study using functional magnetic resonance imaging with an eminent composer who imagined one of his compositions in two states of mind as compared to his resting‐state activity. In the visual imagery condition, he imagined visually the score of his composition in a continuous way. In the auditory imagery condition, he imagined auditorily the same musical composition with pauses. In spite of the modality and temporal differences, the two types of mental imagery showed similar temporal durations for the same musical composition. However, different patterns of neural activation were observed for visual and auditory imagery with one important exception, that is, a common activation pattern was observed in the left medial temporal gyrus in both visual and auditory imagery. We speculate that the left medial temporal gyrus may play an important role in the creation of apparent temporal continuity in musical imagery and perhaps even in conscious information processing in general.
Prenatal hydronephrosis: Bridging pre‐ and postnatal management
Authors: Rickard Mandy , Dos Santos Joana , Keunen Johannes , Lorenzo Armando J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUrinary tract dilation (UTD), including hydronephrosis (HN) is the most common prenatally detected anomaly and affects up to 1%–2% of pregnancies. Postnatally, it resolves without surgical intervention in approximately 75%–80% of children, however this may take several years to occur, necessitating repeated clinic visits and additional invasive testing for many. For the remainder, a surgical intervention will be offered to relieve obstruction or to correct vesicoureteral reflux. During the monitoring period, many of these infants will be offered continuous antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of urinary tract infections, however this remains a controversial topic among pediatric urologists and nephrologists. Herein, we present an up‐to‐date review of the early management of prenatally detected UTD including timing of postnatal imaging, the use of antibiotics, when circumcision may be beneficial and long term outcomes of the most common HN etiologies. We also propose a decision making tool to help guide the care of infants with UTD.
The cost of caring: How advanced cancer patients affect Caregiver's employment in Singapore
Authors: Su Jasmine , Malhotra Chetna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundWith ageing populations and rising cancer incidence, more people are becoming informal caregivers. Informal caregivers are less likely to work than non‐caregivers, yet little is known about how their employment changes over time. This study aimed to examine the association between decline in cancer patient's health (termed health shock) and caregiver's employment. A secondary aim was to assess characteristics of caregivers who stayed employed despite the health shock and the burden of caring for advanced stage cancer patients.MethodThis study used data from 270 dyads of advanced cancer patients and their caregivers who participated in the Cost of Medical Care of Patients with Advanced Serious Illness in Singapore study. The dyads were interviewed every 3 months for 2 years. Fixed‐effects regression was used to analyse the association between patient health shock and two caregiver employment outcomes (i.e., employment status and work disruptions).ResultsNinety‐seven% of caregivers whose patient experienced a health shock reported work disruptions. About 13% of caregivers whose patient experienced at least one health shock left employment, compared to 5% of those whose patient did not experience any health shock. Following a patient health shock, caregivers were significantly less likely to be employed (β: −0.03; 95% CI, −0.05 to −0.001) and more likely to experience work disruptions (β: 0.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.01 to 0.12). Caregivers who were young, educated, unmarried, not spousal caregivers, and not living with their patients were more likely to stay employed despite patient health shock (p < 0.01 for all).ConclusionFindings show that caregivers' employment is affected by their patients' health through the caregiving trajectory. Continuous support for caregivers catered to specific vulnerable subgroups may be important to keeping caregivers in the workforce.
Development of a novel castration‐resistant orthotopic prostate cancer model in New Zealand White rabbit
Authors: Wang Yu , Abenojar Eric C. , Wang Jing , de Leon Al C. , Tavri Sidhartha , Wang Xinning , Gopalakrishnan Ramamurthy , Walker Ethan , MacLennan Gregory T. , Giles Anoja , Czarnota Gregory J. , Basilion James P. , Exner Agata A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) models in mice and rats are limited by their size and lack of a clearly delineated or easily accessible prostate gland. The canine PCa model is currently the only large animal model which can be used to test new preclinical interventions but is costly and availability is sparse. As an alternative, we developed an orthotopic human prostate tumor model in an immunosuppressed New Zealand White rabbit. Rabbits are phylogenetically closer to humans, their prostate gland is anatomically similar, and its size allows for clinically‐relevant testing of interventions.MethodsRabbits were immunosuppressed via injection of cyclosporine. Human PC3pipGFP PCa cells were injected into the prostate via either (a) laparotomy or (b) transabdominal ultrasound (US) guided injection. Tumor growth was monitored using US and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging using nanobubbles and Lumason microbubbles was also performed to examine imaging features and determine the optimal contrast dose required for enhanced visualization of the tumor. Ex vivo fluorescence imaging, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry analyses of the collected tissues were performed to validate tumor morphology and prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression.ResultsImmunosuppression and tumor growth were, in general, well‐tolerated by the rabbits. Fourteen out of 20 rabbits, with an average age of 8 months, successfully grew detectable tumors from Day 14 onwards after cell injection. The tumor growth rate was 39 ± 25 mm2 per week. CEUS and MRI of tumors appear hypoechoic and T2 hypointense, respectively, relative to normal prostate tissue. Minimally invasive US‐guided tumor cell injection proved to be a better method compared to laparotomy due to the shorter recovery time required for the rabbits following injection. Among the rabbits that grew tumors, seven had tumors both inside and outside the prostate, three had tumors only inside the prostate, and four had tumors exclusively outside of the prostate. All tumors expressed the PSMA receptor.ConclusionsWe have established, for the first time, an orthotopic PCa rabbit model via percutaneous US‐guided tumor cell inoculation. This animal model is an attractive, clinically relevant intermediate step to assess preclinical diagnostic and therapeutic compounds.
Model‐informed drug development supporting the approval of the avelumab flat‐dose regimen in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Masters Joanna C. , Khandelwal Akash , di Pietro Alessandra , Dai Haiqing , Brar Satjit 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAvelumab is an anti–PD‐L1 monoclonal antibody approved as monotherapy for Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and urothelial carcinoma (UC), and in combination with axitinib for advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC). Although initially approved with weight‐based dosing (10 mg/kg intravenously [IV] every 2 weeks [Q2W]), avelumab was subsequently approved for flat dosing (800 mg IV Q2W) based on population pharmacokinetic (PopPK), exposure‐efficacy, and exposure‐safety modeling in MCC and UC. Here, through modeling and simulation, we provide justification for a flat‐dose regimen of avelumab plus axitinib in aRCC. Simulated exposure metrics from the previous monotherapy PopPK model (1827 patients) for both weight‐based and flat‐dose regimens were compared with exposure metrics from treatment‐naive patients with aRCC who received avelumab plus axitinib (488 patients). The aRCC population exposures were derived from a fit‐for‐purpose PopPK model developed using data from monotherapy and combination studies and the existing base structural PopPK model. Exposure‐response relationships for safety were analyzed, including grade ≥3 treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs), any‐grade infusion‐related reactions, and TEAE any‐grade immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). Weight‐based dosing of avelumab in the aRCC population yielded similar PK exposures to the flat‐dose regimen reference exposures in the monotherapy population. Increased avelumab exposure was not associated with increased probabilities of grade ≥3 TEAEs or any‐grade IRRs, although there was a weak association with an increased probability of any‐grade irAEs. Overall, models in aRCC suggest that the avelumab 800‐mg Q2W flat‐dose regimen would provide similar benefits compared with weight‐based dosing with no meaningful change in the probability of AEs.
The COVID‐19 vaccine: Attitudes and vaccination in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases
Authors: Chen Jiali , Cai Wenxin , Liu Tian , Zhou Yunshan , Jin Yuebo , Yang Yue , Chen Shi , Tang Kun , Li Chun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe examined attitudes toward the COVID‐19 vaccine, potential factors underlying these attitudes, and ways to increase vaccination willingness in autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD) patients.MethodsA multicenter, web‐based, observational survey using an online questionnaire was conducted among AIIRD patients aged ≥18 years from May 24, 2021, to June 3, 2021. Participants were 3104 AIIRD patients (2921 unvaccinated and 183 vaccinated).ResultsOf the unvaccinated patients, 32.9% were willing to receive the COVID‐19 vaccine, 45.0% were uncertain, and 14.8% were unwilling. When vaccination was recommended by physicians, patients' willingness increased to 93.8%. Participants' main concerns were that the vaccine may aggravate AIIRD disease (63.0%) and may cause vaccine‐related adverse events (19.9%). Female patients were less likely to be vaccinated. However, patients who had children aged ≤18 years were more willing to be vaccinated. In addition, vaccination willingness was higher in patients with trust in the safety and efficacy of the COVID‐19 vaccine. Notably, 183 (5.9%) patients were vaccinated. The major vaccination side effects were injection reaction, myalgia, and fatigue. At a median follow‐up of 88 (38, 131) days, patients' disease activities were stable.ConclusionsThe findings show that AIIRD patients were unwilling to receive the COVID‐19 vaccine because of fears of potential disease exacerbation and additional adverse events. Sociodemographic characteristics and concerns about COVID‐19 disease and vaccines had a significant effect on vaccination willingness.
Cystic lung disease as a complication of post‐tuberculosis infection in young patients: A rare manifestation of a common disease
Authors: Johari Bushra , Khor Boon Hock , Musa Aisya Natasya , Abdul Kadir Roqiah Fatmawati 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is a common disease which is still endemic in many countries including Malaysia. Acquired cystic lung disease is a rare complication of post‐TB infection. We aim to describe two cases of young patients who developed cystic lung disease during treatment for TB, which were further complicated with recurrent pneumothorax. We reiterate the need to consider TB in the differential diagnoses of cystic lung disease in the appropriate clinical context.
Retention of viability by fragmented invasive Crassula helmsii, Elodea canadensis and Lagarosiphon major
Authors: Coughlan Neil E. , Armstrong Fearghail , Baker‐Arney Connie , Crane Kate , Cuthbert Ross N. , Jansen Marcel A. K. , Kregting Louise , Vong Gina Y. W. , Dick Jaimie T. A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInvasive aquatic macrophytes tend to reproduce and spread through vegetative means, often via fragmentary propagules. Dispersal among aquatic sites may occur overland via attachment to various vectors, or within river systems by directional water currents. However, for many species the relationship between fragment size and resumption of growth is unknown. Here, we assessed resumption of growth of apical and mid‐stem fragments of invasive Crassula helmsii, Elodea canadensis and Lagarosiphon major. Proportionally, apical fragments tended to more readily resume growth than mid‐stem sections, especially for E. canadensis and L. major (80–100%). However, viability did not scale linearly with increasing fragment size, which suggests that fragment size is not a singular determinant of propagule fitness. Nevertheless, longer fragments generally produced greater numbers of shoots and roots, but root production significantly differed among species and was determined through an interaction between plant section, species and fragment length. Overall, all species produced new shoots and roots from fragments as small as 10 mm. C. helmsii mid‐stem fragments standardised by node counts did not display new growth (up to 10 nodes), while E. canadensis tended to show greater shoot and root production with increasing node counts. It is evident that a medium to high proportion of small fragmentary propagules of these invasive macrophytes can retain viability. These data have clear implications for understanding the dispersal of these invasive species and their management. Specifically, cutting and dredging may increase rather than decrease infestations, especially in downstream directions. Thus, in the absence of adequate fragment containment, current short‐term control strategies may in fact be counterproductive.
Dynamic response evaluation on TMD and main tower of Shanghai Tower subjected to Typhoon In‐Fa
Authors: Zhang Qilin , Luo Xiaoqun , Ding Jiemin , Xie Bo , Gao Xianzhan 
Published: February 2022

SummaryTyphoon In‐Fa was the strongest tropical cyclone that impacted the Shanghai Tower (ST) since the completion of the Tower, which is the tallest building in China with a height of 632 m. Wind characteristics of the Typhoon In‐Fa were described based on measured data including average wind and fluctuating wind. Structural behaviors of the main tower and the tuned mass damper (TMD) during In‐Fa were measured and analyzed based on monitoring data from the structural health monitoring (SHM) system of the ST. The peak values and root mean squares (RMS) of accelerations and displacements of the TMD and main tower were evaluated and compared with numerical results. The correlations of accelerations and displacements between the TMD and the main tower were investigated, and linear relations would be given in a certain extent. Model parameters including fundamental frequencies and damping ratios were identified by the peak picking method, and strong linear correlations were obtained between the TMD and main tower. The results showed that the actual working behavior of the TMD meets the analyzed results, and the effectiveness of the vibration control of the TMD can be verified under strong winds near a 10‐year return period.
Regulation and outcomes of localized RNA translation
Authors: Gasparski Alexander N. , Mason Devon E. , Moissoglu Konstadinos , Mili Stavroula 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSpatial segregation of mRNAs in the cytoplasm of cells is a well‐known biological phenomenon that is widely observed in diverse species spanning different kingdoms of life. In mammalian cells, localization of mRNAs has been documented and studied quite extensively in highly polarized cells, most notably in neurons, where localized mRNAs function to direct protein production at sites that are quite distant from the soma. Recent studies have strikingly revealed that a large proportion of the cellular transcriptome exhibits polarized distributions even in cells that lack an obvious need for long‐range transport, such as fibroblasts or epithelial cells. This review focuses on emerging concepts regarding the functional outcomes of mRNA targeting in the cytoplasm of such cells. We also discuss regulatory mechanisms controlling these events, with an emphasis on the role of cell mechanics and the organization of the cytoskeleton.This article is categorized under:
Translation > Regulation
RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization
Researching Values in Organisations and Leadership
Authors: Espedal Gry , Løvaas Beate Jelstad , Sirris Stephen , Wæraas Arild 
Published: February 2022

AbstractValues are essential to understand but difficult to define. As any set of acts in everyday work is value-driven (Askeland et al., 2020), values can be understood as ‘that which is worth having, doing, and being (i.e., normative goods or “ends”)’ (Selznick, 1992, p. 60). However, if you ask organisational members to define their values or elaborate on their organisation’s values, they often have problems answering. If you ask them to define the values that are important to them on a personal level, their answers will most likely be quite divergent and not necessarily reflect their employer’s official core values.