bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and imaging features of nonmotor onset seizure in poststroke epilepsy
Authors: Fukuma Kazuki , Ikeda Shuhei , Tanaka Tomotaka , Kamogawa Naruhiko , Ishiyama Hiroyuki , Abe Soichiro , Tojima Maya , Kobayashi Katsuya , Shimotake Akihiro , Nakaoku Yuriko , Nishimura Kunihiro , Koga Masatoshi , Toyoda Kazunori , Matsumoto Riki , Ikeda Akio , Ihara Masafumi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveMotivated by the challenges raised by diagnosing poststroke epilepsy (PSE), especially in nonmotor onset seizure (non‐MOS), we aimed to investigate the features of non‐MOS, including seizure sequences, patient characteristics, and electrophysiological and imaging findings in PSE.MethodsThis observational cohort study enrolled patients with PSE whose seizure onset was witnessed. According to the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) 2017 seizure classification, we classified seizure‐onset symptoms into the non‐MOS and MOS groups. We compared the different clinical characteristics between the two groups.ResultsBetween 2011 and 2018, we enrolled 225 patients with PSE (median age, 75 years), consisting of 97 (43%) with non‐MOS and 128 (57%) with MOS. Overall, 65 (67%) of the patients without MOS had no subsequent convulsions. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed significant associations of non‐MOS with absence of poststroke hemiparesis (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–3.42), frontal stroke lobe lesions (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.14–3.91), and putaminal stroke lesions (OR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.22–5.18) as negative indicators. Postictal single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) detected prolonged hyperperfusion in the temporal lobe more frequently in the non‐MOS than in the MOS group (48% vs 31%; p = .02). The detection rate was higher than spikes/sharp waves in scalp electroencephalography, both in the non‐MOS group (72% vs 33%; p < .001) and the MOS group (68% vs 29%; p < .001).SignificanceThis study provides the clinical features of non‐MOS in patients with PSE. Compared with the patients with MOS, patients with non‐MOS showed less likely subsequent convulsive seizures, highlighting the clinical challenges. Postictal perfusion imaging and negative indicators of the non‐MOS type may help diagnose and stratify PSE.
Research on temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of passenger flow of Daxing airport line based on automatic fare collection data
Authors: Jie Zhao , Shuainan Ding , Bengang Guo , Zhenchao Ma , Jiamin Jin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe airport line plays an important role in the airport landside traffic connection, which greatly relieves the urban road pressure. Studying the characteristics and laws of the time and space distribution of the airport line passenger flow will provide basic support for the airport line's capacity configuration, passenger flow control, and air‐track coordinated operation, and will also provide quantitative basis for the layout of urban terminal buildings. This paper proposes a method to analyse the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of airport line passenger flow based on AFC card swiping data. By mining and extracting the travel behaviour data of subway airport line air passengers, the distribution characteristics of airport line passenger flow are analysed and visualized from two aspects of passenger travel time and space. Finally, a case study is carried out based on the actual data of Daxing airport express. The results show that: (1) the travel time of departure and return passengers is concentrated in 60–90 min; (2) The departure and arrival points of passengers are concentrated within the Fourth Ring Road, and a large number of air passenger flows are gathered and evacuated at hubs such as Beijing South Railway Station and Beijing West Railway Station.
Realistic rates of nitrogen addition increase carbon flux rates but do not change soil carbon stocks in a temperate grassland
Authors: Wilcots Megan E. , Schroeder Katie M. , DeLancey Lang C. , Kjaer Savannah J. , Hobbie Sarah E. , Seabloom Eric W. , Borer Elizabeth T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChanges in the biosphere carbon (C) sink are of utmost importance given rising atmospheric CO2 levels. Concurrent global changes, such as increasing nitrogen (N) deposition, are affecting how much C can be stored in terrestrial ecosystems. Understanding the extent of these impacts will help in predicting the fate of the biosphere C sink. However, most N addition experiments add N in rates that greatly exceed ambient rates of N deposition, making inference from current knowledge difficult. Here, we leveraged data from a 13‐year N addition gradient experiment with addition rates spanning realistic rates of N deposition (0, 1, 5, and 10 g N m−2 year−1) to assess the rates of N addition at which C uptake and storage were stimulated in a temperate grassland. Very low rates of N addition stimulated gross primary productivity and plant biomass, but also stimulated ecosystem respiration such that there was no net change in C uptake or storage. Furthermore, we found consistent, nonlinear relationships between N addition rate and plant responses such that intermediate rates of N addition induced the greatest ecosystem responses. Soil pH and microbial biomass and respiration all declined with increasing N addition indicating that negative consequences of N addition have direct effects on belowground processes, which could then affect whole ecosystem C uptake and storage. Our work demonstrates that experiments that add large amounts of N may be underestimating the effect of low to intermediate rates of N deposition on grassland C cycling. Furthermore, we show that plant biomass does not reliably indicate rates of C uptake or soil C storage, and that measuring rates of C loss (i.e., ecosystem and soil respiration) in conjunction with rates of C uptake and C pools are crucial for accurately understanding grassland C storage.
The impact of pre‐morbid headaches on headache features and long‐term health outcomes following traumatic brain injury: Insights from the American Registry for Migraine Research
Authors: Leibovit‐Reiben Zachary , Ishii Ryotaro , Dodick David W. , Dumkrieger Gina , Cortez Melissa M. , Brennan Kevin C. , Digre Kathleen , Schwedt Todd J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the impact of having headaches prior to traumatic brain injury (TBI) on headache features and long‐term patient health outcomes.Background and MethodsThis was an exploratory analysis of patients with TBI who were enrolled in the American Registry for Migraine Research (ARMR), a multicenter, prospective, longitudinal patient registry composed of patients with International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD‐3)–defined headache diagnoses. The ARMR study enrolled 2,707 patients between February 1, 2016 and May 6, 2020, 565 of whom qualified for this analysis. Those with headaches prior to their TBI were compared to those without headaches prior to their TBI for ICHD‐3 diagnoses, headache frequency and intensity, headache‐related disability (Migraine Disability Assessment score), symptoms of anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder [GAD‐7]), depression (two items from Patient Health Questionnaire‐9), post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), cutaneous allodynia (12‐item Allodynia Symptom Checklist [ASC‐12]), cognitive dysfunction (Migraine Attacks Subjective Cognitive Impairments Scale [Mig‐SCog]), pain interference (Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System‐Pain Interference), and work productivity (Work Productivity and Activity Impairment).ResultsAmong 565 participants with TBI, 350 had headaches prior to their TBI. Those with pre‐TBI headaches were less likely to receive a diagnosis of post‐traumatic headache (PTH; 14/350 [4.0%] vs. 21/215 [9.8%], p = 0.006), even though 25.7% reported new or worsening headaches within 7 days of their TBI. Those with pre‐TBI headaches had higher ASC‐12 scores (2.4 ± 3.5 vs. 1.8 ± 3.4, p = 0.030), Mig‐SCog scores (9.3 ± 4.7 vs. 8 ± 4.9, p = 0.004), and GAD‐7 scores (6.9 ± 5.1 vs. 6.2 ± 5.4, p = 0.039), and were more likely to have a migraine diagnosis (335/350 [95.7%] vs. 192/215 [89.3%], p = 0.003).ConclusionsThose with headaches prior to TBI are less likely to receive a diagnosis of PTH. They have more severe symptoms of cutaneous allodynia, cognitive impairment, and generalized anxiety. This analysis suggests that pre‐TBI headaches might impact post‐TBI headache diagnoses and associated features.
Long‐term efficacy and safety of erenumab in patients with chronic migraine in whom prior preventive treatments had failed: A subgroup analysis
Authors: Ashina Messoud , Tepper Stewart J. , Brandes Jan Lewis , Reuter Uwe , Boudreau Guy P. , Weatherall Mark , Gantenbein Andreas R. , Doležil David , Klatt Jan , Wang Andrea , Karanam Ananda Krishna , Cheng Sunfa , Mikol Daniel D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the long‐term efficacy and safety of erenumab in the subgroup of patients with chronic migraine (CM) in whom prior preventive treatments had failed (TF) (≥1, ≥2, and ≥3 TF medication categories) and never failed (preventive naïve or prior preventive treatments had not failed), using the data from a 52‐week, open‐label treatment period (OLTP) of the parent study.BackgroundErenumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to and inhibits the canonical calcitonin gene‐related peptide receptor. There are limited long‐term data evaluating the efficacy and safety of erenumab in patients with CM in whom prior preventive treatments had failed.MethodsPatients who had completed the 12‐week double‐blind treatment period (DBTP) in the parent study were eligible to participate in the 52‐week OLTP, during which they received erenumab every 4 weeks. The TF subgroups (≥1, ≥2, and ≥3 TF medication categories) were not mutually exclusive; patients in whom prior preventive treatments from ≥3 medication categories had failed were also counted in the ≥2 and ≥1 medication categories. Endpoints included monthly migraine days (MMD), monthly acute migraine‐specific medication days (MSMD), achievement of ≥50%, ≥75%, and 100% reduction from baseline in MMD, and exposure‐adjusted patient incidence rates of adverse events (AEs; per 100 patient‐years).ResultsErenumab treatment provided sustained mean reductions in MMD and MSMD relative to the parent study baseline throughout the 52 weeks of the OLTP across all TF subgroups. At Week 52, the mean MMD change was −8.6 (SD 6.6) (baseline: 18.4 [SD 4.5] days) in the ≥1 TF subgroup. A post hoc completer analysis (52 weeks [OLTP] erenumab) showed that compared with erenumab 70 mg, the 140 mg dose was associated with numerically greater reductions in the mean MMD (Week 40: −8.6 and −7.2 days; Week 52: −9.7 and −7.9 days [≥1 TF subgroup]) and a higher proportion of patients achieved ≥50%, ≥75%, and 100% response thresholds across all subgroups at Weeks 40 and 52. Overall the exposure‐adjusted patient incidence rates of AEs did not increase during the OLTP versus the DBTP (≥1 TF subgroup: 141.9/100 versus 317.9/100 patient‐years), and no new safety signals occurred.ConclusionThe long‐term treatment with erenumab was well tolerated and showed sustained efficacy in patients with CM in whom prior preventive treatments had failed, with numerically greater treatment effects for 140 mg versus 70 mg.
Impact of antiviral therapy for disease progression and non‐invasive liver fibrosis index in patients with chronic hepatitis C: Markov chain model analysis
Authors: Kaneko Shun , Kurosaki Masayuki , Kurisu Akemi , Akita Tomoyuki , Tanaka Junko , Kanto Tatsuya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground/aimAntiviral therapy advancements resulted in an era in which eradication of hepatitis C has become a goal, however, there are few reports on the long‐term course of liver disease progression with antiviral therapy. The aim of this study was to use the Markov model to analyze disease progression and non‐invasive liver fibrosis index in hepatitis C Patients.MethodsPatients with chronic hepatitis C (n = 1432) were diagnosed between January 2012 and May 2021 in the Musashino Red Cross Hospital. Patients with other hepatitis virus co‐infection, chronic liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at the beginning of the study were excluded. A total of 618 patients with a 1‐year or longer observation period were studied. The liver disease state was defined as chronic hepatitis (CH), compensated liver cirrhosis (CLC), decompensated liver cirrhosis (DLC), and HCC.ResultsCirrhosis and high FIB‐4 index (≥3.61) were 42 cases (6.8%) and 208 cases (33.6%), respectively at the start of the study. The 40 years estimated transition analysis of 40‐year‐old CH low FIB‐4 level (<3.61) revealed that the proportion of CH low/high, CLC low/high, DLC low/high, and HCC were 10.83%/10.86%, 0.35%/2.64%, 0%/3.21% 72.11% in untreated unit and 47.83%/9.21%, 6.69%/1.32%, 0.70%/0.99%, 33.27% in treated unit, respectively. Antiviral therapy suppressed liver fibrosis, disease progression, and HCC development significantly.ConclusionMarkov model analysis of hepatitis C virus patients showed the impact of antiviral therapy on the suppression of disease progression in the order of CH, CLC, and DLC.
Clinician knowledge and attitudes of mental health advance statements in Victoria, Australia
Authors: James Russell , Maude Phil , Searby Adam 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEmbedded into Victoria's mental health legislation as part of the 2014 Mental Health Act suite of reforms, advance statements are designed to convey an individuals' preferences for treatment during times when the ability to communicate or make decisions may be impaired. This study investigated Victorian mental health clinicians' knowledge and attitudes of advance statements as well as their experience with training and implementation. We used an online Qualtrics survey of Victorian mental health clinicians (n = 190) to achieve this aim. Instrument validity was determined using the Content Validity Index (CVI) with field experts rating each item for relevance. A value of 80% or higher was sought and computed for each individual item on the scale, as well as for the overall scale. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was conducted to determine internal consistency reliability with a value of α = 0.721 for the survey, suggesting that the scale had acceptable internal consistency and reliability. Despite widespread support and positive attitudes towards advance statements existing among mental health clinician participants, the level of knowledge and perception of barriers continues to significantly affect the wide‐spread uptake of advance statements. The quality and extent of training in legal and clinical aspects of advance statement varied widely among the study participants, with the quality and benefits of the training affecting participant reported confidence level as well as their practical experience with advance statements. Three recommendations can be made: that advance statements are embed into routine mental health practice to identify individuals who have existing advance statements and support those who do not to prepare one; that regular co‐produced and facilitated training be provided to increase understanding, promotion, and overall use and uptake of advance statements; and finally, for local mental health service to develop a culture for positive engagement and promotion of autonomy through inclusive practices around decision‐making.
DC‐driven ultrafast transient liquid phase bonding of 3YSZ and GH3128 superalloy using Ni interlayer
Authors: Li Lin , Shen Ping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA direct current (DC)‐driven transient liquid phase bonding strategy was proposed for joining 3 mol% Y2O3‐stabilized ZrO2 (3YSZ) and GH3128 superalloy with a Ni interlayer. The DC application triggered the rapid formation and diffusion of metallic Zr in 3YSZ and chemical reactions at the 3YSZ/Ni interface. The formed Ni–Zr eutectic liquid well wetted 3YSZ and hence completely filled the bonding gap in seconds. Eutectic structures in the joints were eventually transformed into Ni–Zr intermetallic compounds or a Ni‐based solid solution. The remaining Ni interlayer effectively alleviated residual stress through plastic deformation during cooling stage, and thereby contributed substantially to the high joint strength. Under the joining conditions of a current density of 30 mA/mm2, an energization time of 30 s, and a joining temperature of 1100°C, the obtained joints exhibited a maximum shear strength of 188 ± 8 MPa. This paper proposes an economical and reliable method for the rapid preparation of YSZ/metal joints for high‐temperature applications.
ScoMorphoFISH: A deep learning enabled toolbox for single‐cell single‐mRNA quantification and correlative (ultra‐)morphometry
Authors: Siegerist Florian , Hay Eleonora , Dikou Juan Saydou , Pollheimer Marion , Büscher Anja , Oh Jun , Ribback Silvia , Zimmermann Uwe , Bräsen Jan Hinrich , Lenoir Olivia , Drenic Vedran , Eller Kathrin , Tharaux Pierre‐Louis , Endlich Nicole 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIncreasing the information depth of single kidney biopsies can improve diagnostic precision, personalized medicine and accelerate basic kidney research. Until now, information on mRNA abundance and morphologic analysis has been obtained from different samples, missing out on the spatial context and single‐cell correlation of findings. Herein, we present scoMorphoFISH, a modular toolbox to obtain spatial single‐cell single‐mRNA expression data from routinely generated kidney biopsies. Deep learning was used to virtually dissect tissue sections in tissue compartments and cell types to which single‐cell expression data were assigned. Furthermore, we show correlative and spatial single‐cell expression quantification with super‐resolved podocyte foot process morphometry. In contrast to bulk analysis methods, this approach will help to identify local transcription changes even in less frequent kidney cell types on a spatial single‐cell level with single‐mRNA resolution. Using this method, we demonstrate that ACE2 can be locally upregulated in podocytes upon injury. In a patient suffering from COVID‐19‐associated collapsing FSGS, ACE2 expression levels were correlated with intracellular SARS‐CoV‐2 abundance. As this method performs well with standard formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded samples and we provide pretrained deep learning networks embedded in a comprehensive image analysis workflow, this method can be applied immediately in a variety of settings.
N‐acetylcysteine improves diabetic associated erectile dysfunction in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice by inhibiting oxidative stress
Authors: Ma Zhen , Wang Wenzhen , Pan Chao , Fan Cuiqin , Li Ye , Wang Wenjing , Lan Tian , Gong Fangxin , Zhao Changbo , Zhao Zichao , Yu Shuyan , Yuan Mingzhen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOxidative stress appears to play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction (DMED). This study aimed to investigate the effect of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) on DMED in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice and to explore potential mechanisms. In the present study, we show that an erectile dysfunction is present in the streptozotocin‐induced mouse model of diabetes as indicated by decreases in intracavernous pressure responses to electro‐stimulation as well as from results of the apomorphine test of erectile function. After treatment of NAC, the intracavernous pressure was increased. In these DMED mice, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses were significantly reduced within the cavernous microenvironment, while activity of antioxidant enzymes in this cavernous tissue was enhanced after NAC treatment. These changes protected mitochondrial stress damage and a significant decreased in apoptosis within the cavernous tissue of DMED mice. This appears to involve activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2‐like‐2 (Nrf2) signalling pathway, as well as suppression of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38/ NF‐κB pathway within cavernous tissue. In conclusion, NAC can improve erectile function through inhibiting oxidative stress via activating Nrf2 pathways and reducing apoptosis in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice. NAC might provide a promising therapeutic strategy for individuals with DMED.
The Commission's Approach to Rule of Law Backsliding: Managing Instead of Enforcing Democratic Values?
Authors: Priebus Sonja 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn response to noncompliance with the EU's fundamental values such as democracy and the rule of law in Hungary and Poland, the EU Commission has established the Justice Scoreboard, the Rule of Law Framework and the Rule of Law Mechanism. Moreover, the Commission has proposed linking the disbursement of funds to respect for the rule of law (Rule of Law conditionality). However, the deployment of these measures has not restored compliance. Drawing on the two dominant approaches in compliance studies, the management approach and the enforcement approach, this paper argues that with the exception of Rule of Law conditionality, the Commission's tools are characterized by a mismatch between the causes of the problems identified and the solutions chosen. Instead of sanctioning voluntary noncompliance, they rely on soft measures, which are recommended in cases of involuntary noncompliance, but which are not suitable in cases of deliberate noncompliance.
Field margins and botanical insecticides enhance Lablab purpureus yield by reducing aphid pests and supporting natural enemies
Authors: Ochieng Lawrence O. , Ogendo Joshua O. , Bett Philip K. , Nyaanga Jane G. , Cheruiyot Erick K. , Mulwa Richard M. S. , Arnold Sarah E. J. , Belmain Steven R. , Stevenson Philip C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBotanical insecticides offer an environmentally benign insect pest management option for field crops with reduced impacts on natural enemies of pests and pollinators while botanically rich field margins can augment their abundance. Here, we evaluated the non‐target effects on natural enemies and pest control efficacy on bean aphids in Lablab of three neem‐ and pyrethrum‐based botanical insecticides (Pyerin75EC®, Nimbecidine® and Pyeneem 20EC®) and determine the influence of florally rich field margin vegetation on the recovery of beneficial insects after treatment. The botanical insecticides were applied at the early and late vegetative growth stages. Data were collected on aphids (abundance, damage severity and percent incidence) and natural enemy (abundance) both at pre‐spraying and post‐spraying alongside Lablab bean yield. The efficacy of botanical insecticides was similar to a synthetic pesticide control and reduced aphid abundance by 88% compared with the untreated control. However, the number of natural enemies was 34% higher in botanical insecticide‐treated plots than in plots treated with synthetic insecticide indicating that plant‐based treatments were less harmful to beneficial insects. The presence of field margin vegetation increased further the number of parasitic wasps and tachinid flies by 16% and 20%, respectively. This indicated that non‐crop habitats can enhance recovery in beneficial insect populations and that botanical insecticides integrate effectively with conservation biological control strategies. Higher grain yields of 2.55–3.04 and 2.95–3.23 t/ha were recorded for both botanical insecticide and synthetic insecticide in the presence of florally enhanced field margins in consecutive cropping seasons. Overall, these data demonstrated that commercial botanical insecticides together with florally rich field margins offer an integrated, environmentally benign and sustainable alternative to synthetic insecticides for insect pest management and increased productivity of the orphan crop legume, Lablab.