bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical Character Recognition of Indian Language Manuscripts using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Dr. Harikrishna B. Jethva Bhavesh Kataria, 
Published: January 2022

India's constitution has 22 languages written in 17 different scripts. These materials have a limited lifespan, and as generations pass, these materials deteriorate, and the vital knowledge is lost. This work uses digital texts to convey information to future generations. Optical Character Recognition (OCR) helps extract information from scanned manuscripts (printed text). This paper proposes a simple and effective solution of optical character recognition (OCR) Sanskrit Character from text document images using long short-term memory (LSTM) and neural networks of Sanskrit Characters. Existing methods focuses only upon the single touching characters. But our main focus is to design a robust method using Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BLSTM) architecture for overlapping lines, touching characters in middle and upper zone and half character which would increase the accuracy of the present OCR system for recognition of poorly maintained Sanskrit literature.
A comparative study between endoscopic and microscopic type 1 tympanoplasty
Authors: Faruq Shaik Abdul Subhan , Sri Divya Bhadri , Uppala Srinivasa Rao 
Published: January 2022

<p><strong>Background:</strong> The current study aims to compare type 1 microscopic tympanoplasty and endoscopic tympanoplasty and draws an evidence-based conclusion regarding the outcome.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This randomized controlled clinical study consists of 60 patients, in which 30 cases allocated as group 1 underwent endoscopic myringoplasty, and 30 cases allocated as group 2 underwent conventional myringoplasty. Tympanic membrane (TM), pure tone audiometry (PTA) evaluated preoperatively and at 3 months postoperative follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Demographic distribution between the groups does not show a significant difference (χ2=6.67, p=0.16). There was no significant difference observed between TM perforation size between the groups (χ2=2.32, p=0.51). For the preoperative AB gap in group 1, the mean ABG was 28.20±2.67 and in group 2 was 28.20±0.80. The postoperative AB gap in group 1, the mean ABG was 17.40±3.01, and in group 2, the mean ABG was 19.67±2.93. The mean difference is 9.13, and it shows a statistically significant difference (p=0.001). The mean duration of surgery in group 1 was 130.83±34.84 and in group 2 was 168.33±16.88 min (p=0.001). In both groups, 90% have intact graft, and in 10% of patients’ residual perforation is present. The mean duration of hospitalization in group1 is 4.10±0.09 days and in group 2 is 4.97±0.18 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> By using the endoscopic addition, minimal invasive tympanoplasty can made possible the similar graft success rate with minimal pain. Endoscopic tympanoplasty uses very less operative time than microscopic surgery.</p><p> </p>
UEPS no ensino de frações nos anos iniciais: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Souza Huf Viviane Barbosa de , Huf Samuel Francisco , Pinheiro Nilcéia Aparecida Maciel 
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão sistemática a respeito da adoção de Unidades de Ensino Potencialmente Significativas (UEPS) no ensino de frações nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Diante disso, investiga-se, o que artigos científicos mostram quanto ao ensino de frações nos Anos Iniciai e se as UEPS são adotadas nesse contexto. A fim de atender ao objetivo e responder a problemática realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura, tendo como base a Methodi Ordinatio, que permite ordenar as publicações por relevância. As buscas dos artigos foram realizadas nas bases de dados, Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, Web of Science, Scielo e Scopus, da qual foram considerados para análise os dez artigos mais relevantes. Os resultados apontam carência de trabalhos científicos que discutam o ensino de frações nos Anos Iniciais e a inexistência de trabalhos que adotam as UEPS nesse contexto a partir dos resultados das bases consultadas.
James Watson e Francis Crick: investigando concepções prévias com alunos concluintes do ensino médio a respeito desses cientistas
Authors: Goldschmidt Andréa Inês , Breunig Eduarda Tais , Santos Alexia Amaral 
Published: January 2022

A pesquisa buscou investigar as concepções de setenta e oito alunos de terceiro ano do ensino médio a respeito da imagem e do nome dos cientistas James Watson e Francis Crick, através de questionários aplicados aos estudantes em três escolas públicas do município XXX. O instrumento, composto por duas partes investigou o reconhecimento de cientistas através de imagens sem nomeação e outras imagens nominadas, tendo sido recolhido e analisado. Os resultados mostram que o uso de imagens ainda é bastante restrito em sala de aula; não tendo sido reconhecidos de forma significativa nenhum dos dois cientistas apresentados. Apresentar de forma adequada e humanizada as construções a respeito da Ciência pode contribuir para um ensino de ciências, mais interessante, facilitando a aprendizagem, e demonstrando que a ciência não é imutável, e consiste em um processo lento, aonde diversos cientistas estão envolvidos, sendo impossível “descobrir” algo tão rápido como num piscar de olhos.
Physiological Characters and Alimentary Needs of Both Divergent Lines of the Barbary Partridge (Alectoris barbara, Bonnaterre, 1792) in Algeria
Authors: Mezerdi Farid , Farhi Kamilia 
Published: January 2022

Background: The Barbary partridge (Alectoris barbara) is a wild endemic species of North-Africa. The lack of information about this species, allows putting research focus in the hunting center of Zeralda, on the selection of a line for an improvement on the zootechnical characteristics of this population. Methods: Over 13 weeks of follow-up, we have performed weekly measurements on 3 successive generations F12-F14 with daily measurements of food intake. We are interested at the fundamental level of the biological characterization of both divergent lines. The analysis of the effects of selection pressures on the growth to estimate the metabolizable energy of each line. Result: During 273 days of study period, we noticed that the metabolizable energy has an average divergence between the fast line and the slow one with 0.328 Kcal/day since birth and an average divergence of 8.899 Kcal/day towards the 13th week in favour of the fast line. Significance noticed between males and females with a favour of the males which are more important. In addition to that, the values of weight-based consumption index imply higher indices for the slow line compared to the values of the fast line. Our results highlight the efficiency of the selection scheme. This progress will allow developing the restoration methods and/or the natural restocking populations on scientific bases.
Study on Effects of Medroxyprogesterone Acetate on Serological Parameters, Ultrasonographic and Histopathological Profile of Uterine Endometrial Morphology in Female Rabbits
Authors: Tahir H.A. , Durrani U.F. , Mahmood A.K. , Matloob K. , Imran M. , Hussain R. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Rabbits are small mammals from the family Leporidae. Rapid multiplication profile of the rabbits often necessitates contraceptive controls in which ovario-hysterectomy is the only recommended method worldwide but still rabbit owners avoid surgical manipulation and opt for the contraceptive injections but contraceptive injections are also known to cause undesired effects in different animal species. The present study was conducted to evaluate effects of Medroxyprogesterone acetate on liver enzymes, lipid profile, blood glucose and uterine endometrial morphology. Methods: The study was conducted on 20 breeding female rabbits at Pet Centre, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan. The study animals were divided into two groups, A and B having 10 rabbits each. Group A was treated with single dose of Medroxyprogesterone acetate (10 mg/kg IM). While group B was kept as control and was given a single dose of 0.9% normal saline placebo injection. Pre and post treatment serum sampling was performed on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and histopathological evaluation of reproductive tract (mainly uterus) was conducted at the end of study. Result: Serological parameters i.e. liver profile, lipid profile and blood glucose level (random) were significantly increased after treatment along with congestion, engorgement of blood vessels, degeneration, hyperplasia of uterine epithelium and uterine glands in Treatment group in contrast to control group. On the basis of this study it was concluded that Medroxyprogesterone acetate poses undesirable effect on the uterine endometrium and different serological parameters of body like liver enzymes (total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase), blood glucose, lipid profile (cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, triglyceride).
The effectiveness of preventive-behavioural therapy and cognitive anxiety group and student’s attention .
Authors: Mirzaei Zahra , Ferdosipour Atefeh 
Published: January 2022

This study was performed with the purpose of determining the effectiveness of preventive- behavioural therapy and cognitive anxiety group and student’s attention. The population and sample of the study were 35 students of Azad University, East Tehran, which were selected randomly. The data collection method was the researcher-made field method. The research tools were the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the video test. Through SPSS 23 software and using the Pearson correlation method, it was concluded that there was a direct relationship between therapy and training. Research tools were observed in the BAI. Based on the results of pre-test tests, none of the SBT and REDT methods led to a significant relationship between the level of anxiety and the attention of the respondents. The paper recommends that more comprehensive measurement tools are used in future research of a larger sample size.
Keywords: Attention; Cognitive Behaviour; Effectiveness; Group Therapy; Students.
Current and predicted temperatures impair reproduction in the Australian sheep flock
Authors: Wettere William van , Culley Sam , Swinbourne Alyce , Leu Stephan , Lee Stephen , Weaver Alice , Kelly Jennifer , Walker Simon , Kleemann David , Thomas Dane , Hayman Peter , Gatford Kathryn , Kind Karen , Westra Seth 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Climate change threatens global livestock production1,2. We modelled the impact of recent temperatures and a 1°C and 3°C temperature increase over the historical baseline on risks of heat stress at key periods of the reproductive cycle and consequences for reproduction across the entire Australian sheep flock. We estimate that 2.1 million potential lambs are currently lost annually due to heat stress, increasing to 2.5 and 3.3 million as temperatures rise.
Influencing Factors of Intention and Behavior of Patient Delay in Elderly Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: a Descriptive Qualitative Study
Authors: Zou Hao , Jiang Dong-xu , Zhao Wan-yue , Jia Hong-hong , Li Ying-li , Yang Jin-hong , Zhang Lin-lin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Most elderly patients with BPH have experienced patient delay. Based on the TPB, the aim of this study was to describe the influencing factors of BPH patients' intention and behavior of patient delay and to provide a reference for the development of a patient delay intention scale and personalized intervention.Methods: This descriptive qualitative study was carried out 4 months in 2021 in China. The participants were 20 patients with BPH ages 60 to 82 years old who experienced patient delay and were selected through purposive sampling method. The study was performed in a large general hospital and a community hospital. The data were collected via face-to-face semi-structured interviews.Results: The following themes were relevant to BPH patients with intention and behavior of patient delay: “Insufficient cognition of symptoms (low symptom alertness, symptom benign attribution)”, “Experience coping instead of going to a doctor”, “Negative attitude toward seeking medical care (Underestimation of the consequences of delayed medical treatment, Negative evaluation of early medical treatment)”, “The influence of others on decision-making for seeking medical care(People who approve or disapprove of going to a doctor, Do or do not follow the opinions of others)”, “Obstacles to seeking medical care(Factors from the patient, Factors from medical institutions)”Conclusion: The delay was longer in rural areas than in urban areas. BPH patients' intention and behavior of patient delay are the result of a combination of many factors. Therefore, it is recommended to develop a scale to evaluate the patient delay intention for BPH, and provide personalized interventions based on the scale to improve patient delay in elderly BPH patients
Feasibility of using a General Health Promotion Approach to Helping Smokers with Non- Communicable Diseases Quit Smoking: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: LI William Ho Cheung , HO Laurie Long Kwan , CHEUNG Ankie Tan , WONG Man Ping , CHEUNG Derek Yee Tak , LUO Yuan-hui , XIA Wei , LAM Tai Hing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and ascertain the feasibility of a general health promotion approach that uses instant messaging to deliver brief motivational interviewing to help smokers with non-communicable diseases quit smoking. A total of 60 participants who had medical follow-up in a special out-patient clinic were randomized into two groups, 30 in the intervention group received brief motivational interviewing to assist them with their chosen behavioral changes, and 30 in the control group received only a smoking cessation booklet. The primary outcome, by intention-to-treat, was biochemically validated abstinence at 12 months. The intervention group had a higher biochemically validated abstinence rate than the control group at 12 months (16.7% vs 6.7% P=.23) although the difference was not statistically significant (Adjusted OR 2.4, 95% CI 0.43–13.75; P=.32). In addition, the intervention group had a significantly higher self-reported reduction of at least 50% in daily cigarette consumption than the control group at 6 months (Adjusted OR 7.2, 95% CI 1.22–42.44; P=.03).This study demonstrated the potential efficacy and feasibility of a general health promotion approach that uses instant messaging to deliver brief motivational interviewing to help smokers with non-communicable diseases quit smoking.
Coverage and Determinants of Infant Postnatal Care in Nigeria: a Population-based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Egbewale Bolaji E. , Oyedeji Olusola A. , Bump Jesse , Sudfeld Christopher 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: In 2019, Nigeria had the most under-5 child deaths globally, many of which occurred within the neonatal period, especially in the first week after birth. Despite the effectiveness of infant postnatal care (PNC) attendance recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), this problem persists. Therefore, the study examined coverage and determinants of infant PNC attendance in Nigeria. Methods: Nigeria Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2018 data were used to evaluate infant PNC coverage and determinants. Infant PNC was defined as receipt of care within two days of birth. Children delivered up to two years before the 2018 NDHS were included. We examined predictors of infant PNC with Poisson regression models to estimate relative risks (RR).Results: The national coverage of infant PNC was 37.3% (95% CI: 35.8%–38.7%). Significant heterogeneity in PNC attendance exists at state and regional levels. Facility delivery was strongly associated with uptake of PNC (RR: 6.07; 95% CI: 5.60–6.58). Greater maternal education, maternal employment, urban residence, female head of household, and greater wealth were also associated with increased likelihood of PNC visits. Conclusions: Uptake of infant PNC in Nigeria is low. Interventions are urgently needed to promote equity in access and increase demand.
Electrical Stimulation Attenuates Disuse Muscular Atrophy by Modulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-induced Parkin-dependent Mitophagy
Authors: Zhang Quan-Bing , Liu A-Ying , Fang Qiao-Zhou , Zhang Hai-Yang , Wang Feng , Huang Peng-Peng , Xu Qi-Yu , Wang Hua , Zhou Yun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of electrical stimulation on disuse muscular atrophy in a rabbit model of knee joint contracture and explore the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced Parkin-dependent mitophagy in this process.Methods: Two sub-experiments were carried out successively in our study. In the first sub-experiment, 24 rabbits were divided into four groups on average based on the immobilization time: Ctrl 1, I-2, I-4, and I-6 groups. In the second sub-experiment, 24 rabbits were also divided into four groups on average in accordance with the process mode: Ctrl2, ES, NR, and EST groups. To test the time-dependent changes of the rectus femoris muscles after immobilization in rabbits, and to evaluate the effect of electrical stimulation on the atrophic rectus femoris muscles, the wet weights of rectus femoris muscles were assessed in this study, along with the protein levels of atrogin-1, p-PERK, Parkin and COXIV.Results: The wet weights of rectus femoris muscles, the protein levels of atrogin-1, p-PERK and Parkin increased after immobilization. It was also revealed that the protein levels of COXIV decreased after immobilization. Electrical stimulation was effective against muscle atrophy, the elevated expression of atrogin-1, p-PERK, Parkin, and the decreased expression of COXIV.Conclusions: Immobilization of unilateral lower limb could induce rectus femoris muscle atrophy, endoplasmic reticulum stress and Parkin mediated mitophagy. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced Parkin-dependent mitophagy may be one of the mechanisms by which electrical stimulation can play a significant role.
Gottfriedia Endophyticus sp. nov., a Novel Indole-Acetic Acid Producing Bacterium Isolated From The Roots of Rice Plant
Authors: Chhetri Geeta , Kim Inhyup , Seo Taegun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated RG28T, was isolated from the roots of rice plant collected from paddy fields in Goyang, South Korea. Cells of the strain were oxidase-negative but catalase-positive. Strain RG28T was found to grow at 10–50°C (optimum, 25–30°C), pH 5.0–10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in 1.0–5.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0%). The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinones were MK-7 and MK-6.The predominant cellular fatty acids were C16:0, iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. The major polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, four unidentified aminophosphoglycolipids, four unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified aminoglycolipid and four unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 33.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain was closely related to Gottfriedia acidiceleris CBD 119T (98.6%), Gottfriedia solisilvae LMG 18422T (98.5 %) and Gottfriedia luciferensis LMG 18422T (98.4 %). The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization (isDDH) values between strain RG28T and type strains of Gottfriedia species were lower than the cut-offs (≥95–96 % for ANI and ≥70 % for isDDH) required to define a bacterial species. Meanwhile, the strain has the ability to produce indole-acetic acid (40.5 µg/mL). Phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data suggested that strain RG28T represented a novel species of the genus Gottfriedia, for which the name Gottfriedia endophyticus sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain RG28T (=KCTC 43327T=TBRC 15151T).Repositories: The draft genome and 16S rRNA gene sequences of strain RG28T have been deposited in GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ under accession numbers JAGIYQ000000000 and MW386408 respectively.
TRF-Val-CAC-016 Modulates the Transduction of CACNA1d-Mediated MAPK Signaling Pathways to Suppress the Proliferation of Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Xu Weiguo , Zheng Junyu , Wang Xiao , Zhou Bin , Chen Huanqiu , Li Gang , Yan Feng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: As a new kind of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), tRNA derivatives play an important role in gastric carcinoma (GC). Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism tRNA derivatives were involved in was rarely illustrated. Methods: We screened out the tRNA derivative, tRF-Val-CAC-016, based on the tsRNA sequencing and demonstrated the effect tRF-Val-CAC-016 exerted on GC proliferation in vitro and in vivo. We applied Dual-luciferase reporter assay, RIP assay, and bioinformatic analysis to discover the downstream target of tRF-Val-CAC-016. Then CACNA1d was selected, and the oncogenic characteristics were verified. Subsequently, we detected the possible regulation of the canonical MAPK signaling pathway to further explore the downstream mechanism of tRF-Val-CAC-016. Results: As a result, we found that tRF-Val-CAC-016 was low-expressed in GC, and upregulation of tRF-Val-CAC-016 could significantly suppress the proliferation of GC cell lines. Meanwhile, tRF-Val-CAC-016 regulated the canonical MAPK signaling pathway by targeting CACNA1d. Conclusions: tRF-Val-CAC-016 modulates the transduction of CACNA1d-mediated MAPK signaling pathways to suppress the proliferation of gastric carcinoma. This study discussed the function and mechanism of tRF-Val-CAC-016 in GC for the first time. The pioneering work has contributed to our present understanding of tRNA derivative, which might provide an alternative mean for the targeted therapy of GC.
Designing and Modeling of a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant With GPS-X
Authors: Sakib Fahim Shahriar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Wastewater treatment is the process used to remove contaminants from wastewater to produce an effluent suitable for discharge to the environment. Several kinds of wastewater are treated based on the concentration of various parameters. Domestic Wastewater/Municipal Wastewater is treated in Sewage Treatment Plants (STP), which involve various types of processes like physical, chemical and biological to treat the wastewater better. The treatment plant involves five steps of the process – preliminary treatment, primary treatment, secondary treatment, tertiary treatment and sludge treatment to meet the safe disposal guidelines of the department of the environment. In this paper, a municipal wastewater treatment plant for Uttara City is designed and modeled with GPS-X. GPS-X is a wastewater treatment plant modeling software package that is used for verify the treatment process. The design calculation of all unit operations is shown with a specification table. The Process Flow Diagram (PFD), Process Block Diagram (PBD) and mass balance of the process are expressed in the article. The design calculation of the STP is performed with a steady-state process. After each unit operation, the concentration of various parameters – TSS, BOD, VSS, TN is analyzed and the removal efficiency for different equipment is calculated. The STP is designed to maintain the guidelines of the Department of Environment, Bangladesh. At the end of the paper, the designing and modeling steps of a sewage treatment plant will be pursued. Finally, some recommendations are done in the conclusion section.