bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual exam for Parkinson’s disease enables frequent and reliable remote measurements of motor function
Authors: Burq Maximilien , Rainaldi Erin , Ho King Chung , Chen Chen , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Evers Luc J. W. , Helmich Rick C. , Myers Lance , Marks William J. , Kapur Ritu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSensor-based remote monitoring could help better track Parkinson’s disease (PD) progression, and measure patients’ response to putative disease-modifying therapeutic interventions. To be useful, the remotely-collected measurements should be valid, reliable, and sensitive to change, and people with PD must engage with the technology. We developed a smartwatch-based active assessment that enables unsupervised measurement of motor signs of PD. Participants with early-stage PD (N = 388, 64% men, average age 63) wore a smartwatch for a median of 390 days. Participants performed unsupervised motor tasks both in-clinic (once) and remotely (twice weekly for one year). Dropout rate was 5.4%. Median wear-time was 21.1 h/day, and 59% of per-protocol remote assessments were completed. Analytical validation was established for in-clinic measurements, which showed moderate-to-strong correlations with consensus MDS-UPDRS Part III ratings for rest tremor (⍴ = 0.70), bradykinesia (⍴ = −0.62), and gait (⍴ = −0.46). Test-retest reliability of remote measurements, aggregated monthly, was good-to-excellent (ICC = 0.75–0.96). Remote measurements were sensitive to the known effects of dopaminergic medication (on vs off Cohen’s d = 0.19–0.54). Of note, in-clinic assessments often did not reflect the patients’ typical status at home. This demonstrates the feasibility of smartwatch-based unsupervised active tests, and establishes the analytical validity of associated digital measurements. Weekly measurements provide a real-life distribution of disease severity, as it fluctuates longitudinally. Sensitivity to medication-induced change and improved reliability imply that these methods could help reduce sample sizes needed to demonstrate a response to therapeutic interventions or disease progression.
Opening opportunities for Kd determination and screening of MHC peptide complexes
Authors: Kopicki Janine-Denise , Saikia Ankur , Niebling Stephan , Günther Christian , Anjanappa Raghavendra , Garcia-Alai Maria , Springer Sebastian , Uetrecht Charlotte 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn essential element of adaptive immunity is selective binding of peptide antigens by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins and their presentation to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Using native mass spectrometry, we analyze the binding of peptides to an empty disulfide-stabilized HLA-A*02:01 molecule and, due to its unique stability, we determine binding affinities of complexes loaded with truncated or charge-reduced peptides. We find that the two anchor positions can be stabilized independently, and we further analyze the contribution of additional amino acid positions to the binding strength. As a complement to computational prediction tools, our method estimates binding strength of even low-affinity peptides to MHC class I complexes quickly and efficiently. It has huge potential to eliminate binding affinity biases and thus accelerate drug discovery in infectious diseases, autoimmunity, vaccine design, and cancer immunotherapy.
Particle nanosizing and coating with an ionic liquid: two routes to improve the transport properties of Na3V2(PO4)2FO2
Authors: Olchowka Jacob , Fang Runhe , Bianchini Nuernberg Rafael , Pablos Chloé , Carlier Dany , Cassaignon Sophie , Croguennec Laurence 
Published: May 2022

Electrical conductivity and rate capability of Na3V2(PO4)2FO2 positive electrode material have been optimized by both playing on particle size and applying an ionic liquid coating on particles surface.
Synthesis of high‐purity mesoporous nanosilica microspheres from retired composite insulators based on orthogonal experiment
Authors: Chen Rongxin , Cheng Li , Liu Yunfan , Yu Liang , Liao Ruijin , Wang Tingting 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSilicone rubber is an indispensable insulation material for power equipment and is difficult to degrade naturally, posing a serious threat to the environment. It remains challenging to dispose this alarming amount of waste. In our previous research, a green pyrolysis recycling method was proposed for waste composite insulators. In this article, the experimental device was further improved, and the recycling process was optimised by orthogonal experiments to obtain nanosilica microspheres (NSMs) with higher purity and controllable particle size for the state‐of‐the‐art engineering applications. Firstly, the effect of three factors (calcination temperature, constant‐temperature duration, and heating rate) on the particle size of NSMs were investigated by single‐factor analysis. ANOVA and response analyses were then used to examine the goodness of fit of the multi‐parameter fitting equation and the interaction impact of multiple factors on the particle size. Finally, homogeneous mesoporous NSMs with higher purity (increased from 97% to 99%) and smaller particle size (decreased from 160 to 103 nm were prepared under the guidance of model. The SiO2‐recovery rate of this method was 74.7%, revealing superior economic value.
Precursors of fatty alcohols in the ISM: Discovery of n-propanol
Authors: Jiménez-Serra Izaskun , Rodríguez-Almeida Lucas F. , Martín-Pintado Jesús , Rivilla Víctor M. , Melosso Mattia , Zeng Shaoshan , Colzi Laura , Kawashima Yoshiyuki , Hirota Eizi , Puzzarini Cristina , Tercero Belén , de Vicente Pablo , Rico-Villas Fernando , Requena-Torres Miguel A. , Martín Sergio 
Published: May 2022

Context. Theories of the origins of life propose that early cell membranes were synthesised from amphiphilic molecules simpler than phospholipids, such as fatty alcohols. The discovery in the interstellar medium (ISM) of ethanolamine, the simplest phospholipid head group, raises the question whether simple amphiphilic molecules are also synthesised in space.
Aims. We investigate whether precursors of fatty alcohols are present in the ISM.
Methods. To do this, we have carried out a spectral survey at 7, 3, 2 and 1 mm towards the Giant Molecular Cloud G+0.693-0.027 located in the Galactic centre using the IRAM 30 m and Yebes 40 m telescopes.
Results. Here, we report the detection in the ISM of the primary alcohol n-propanol (in both conformers Ga-n-C3H7OH and Aa-n-C3H7OH), a precursor of fatty alcohols. The derived column densities of n-propanol are (5.5 ± 0.4) × 1013 cm−2 for the Ga conformer and (3.4 ± 0.3) × 1013 cm−2 for the Aa conformer, which imply molecular abundances of (4.1 ± 0.3) × 10−10 for Ga-n-C3H7OH and of (2.5 ± 0.2) × 10−10 for Aa-n-C3H7OH. We also searched for the AGa conformer of n-butanol [AGa-n-C4H9OH] without success, yielding an upper limit to its abundance of ≤4.1 × 10−11. The inferred CH3OH:C2H5OH:C3H7OH:C4H9OH abundance ratios are 1:0.04:0.006:≤0.0004 towards G+0.693-0.027, that is, they decrease roughly by one order of magnitude for increasing complexity. We also report the detection of both syn and anti conformers of vinyl alcohol, with column densities of (1.11 ± 0.08) × 1014 cm−2 and (1.3 ± 0.4) × 1013 cm−2, and abundances of (8.2 ± 0.6) × 10−10 and (9.6 ± 3.0) × 10−11, respectively.
Conclusions. The detection of n-propanol, together with the recent discovery of ethanolamine in the ISM, opens the possibility that precursors of lipids according to theories of the origin of life, could have been brought to Earth from outer space.
Redescription, complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic relationships of Hexostoma thynni (Delaroche, 1811) Rafinesque, 1815 (Monogenea, Hexostomatidae)
Authors: Ayadi Zouhour El Mouna , Tazerouti Fadila , Gastineau Romain , Justine Jean-Lou 
Published: May 2022

Specimens of Hexostoma thynni (Delaroche, 1811) Rafinesque, 1815 were collected from their type-host, the bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus, caught off Algeria, i.e. close to the type-locality, off Mallorca, which is also in the Mediterranean. The species is briefly redescribed and compared to previous descriptions, under the same name or as its synonym Plagiopeltis duplicata Diesing, 1858, to ascertain identity of specimens. The three genera within the Hexostomatidae (Hexostoma Rafinesque, 1815, Neohexostoma Price, 1961 and Homostoma Unnithan, 1965) are briefly discussed, with comments on the fragility of characters used to distinguish them. Using next-generation sequencing, the complete mitogenome and the cluster of ribosomal genes (SSU, LSU, ITS1, ITS2, 5.8S) were obtained. The mitogenome is 14,649 bp long and codes for 12 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 22 transfer RNA genes; its size is similar to other mitogenomes obtained from polyopisthocotylean monogeneans. A phylogeny based on concatenated mitogenome protein-coding genes from nine species of polyopisthocotylean monogeneans produced a tree in which the Hexostomatidae H. thynni was associated with other Mazocraeidea, such as Chauhaneidae and Diclidophoridae. This invalidates the hypothesis of Boeger & Kritsky (1993) of Hexostomatidae as sister-group to the Mazocraeidea and suggests the demise of the suborder Hexostomatinea Boeger & Kritsky, 1993. We insist on the usefulness of depositing parts of specimens used for molecular analyses, prepared on permanent slides, in a curated collection.
Ergebnisse und Lebensqualität nach Implantation aktiver Mittelohrimplantate
Authors: Lailach Susen , Zahnert Thomas 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Versorgung mit implantierbaren Hörgeräten stellt einen Bereich mit hohem Entwicklungs- und Innovationspotenzial dar. Der vorliegende Übersichtsartikel gibt einerseits einen Überblick über derzeitige Indikationskriterien für die Versorgung mit aktiven Mittelohrimplantaten. Andererseits werden Zielparameter sowie Ergebnisse nach der Versorgung mit aktiven Mittelohrimplantaten beleuchtet. Hierbei liegt der Fokus auf audiologischen Ergebnissen sowie dem vom Patienten bewerteten Gesundheitszustand. Sogenannte „Patient Reported Outcome Measures“ (PROMs) nehmen mittlerweile auch in der Hörimplantatversorgung einen festen Stellenwert in der Evaluierung des Versorgungserfolges ein. Bisher ist die Studienlage sowohl hinsichtlich audiologischer als auch subjektiver Erfolgsparameter gemessen an den Evidenz-Level-Kriterien nicht befriedigend. Ein bislang fehlender internationaler Konsens über akzeptierte Outcomeparameter erschwert eine metaanalytische Aufarbeitung der Ergebnisse immens. In den bislang publizierten Untersuchungen konnte sowohl für Patienten mit einer Schallempfindungsschwerhörigkeit als auch für Patienten mit einer Schallleitungs- oder kombinierten Schwerhörigkeit ein besseres Sprachverstehen mit dem aktiven Mittelohrimplantat im Vergleich zur konventionellen Hörsystemversorgung ermittelt werden. Aktuelle Analysen zeigen eine signifikante Verbesserung der allgemeinen sowie der hörspezifischen Lebensqualität nach Versorgung mit einem aktiven Mittelohrimplantat. Zur Beurteilung des Versorgungserfolges bei Kindern existieren bislang keine validierten, hörspezifischen Lebensqualitätsmessinstrumente. Insbesondere bei Kindern mit komplexen Fehlbildungen des äußeren Ohres sowie des Mittelohres zeigen sich audiologisch zufriedenstellende Ergebnisse, welche zukünftig jedoch durch Lebensqualitätsmessungen untermauert werden müssen.
Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion: vernetzte, lernfähige
Maschinen in der Medizin
Authors: Sadeghian Hamid , Naceri Abdeldjallil , Haddadin Sami 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Einsatz intelligenter Roboter und anderer KI-Technologien im Gesundheitswesen
hat in den letzten Jahren stark zugenommen. Die Fortschritte im Bereich
Leichtbauroboter und taktile Roboter bieten eine große Chance
für eine breite Palette von Anwendungen, von der medizinischen
Untersuchung, Diagnose und therapeutischen Verfahren bis hin zur Rehabilitation
und Assistenzrobotern. Indem sie die komplementären Stärken von
Menschen und computerbasierten Technologien nutzen, sind die derzeitig
verfügbaren Verfahren sogar potenziell überlegen. Ziel des
Artikels ist es, die Bedeutung der Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion in diesen
Kontexten herauszuarbeiten und dabei die technologischen Anforderungen und
Herausforderungen bei der Entwicklung von menschenzentrierten Roboterplattformen
für medizinische Anwendungen zu berücksichtigen.
Innovative Technologien für optimiertes künstliches Sehen
Authors: Walter Peter 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungTrotz deutlicher Fortschritte in der Therapie schwerer Augenerkrankungen können bestimmte Formen der Erblindung bis heute nicht geheilt oder gebessert werden. Dazu gehört beispielsweise die Retinitis pigmentosa, eine erbliche Degeneration der Photorezeptoren. Technologieansätze mit implantierbaren Sehprothesen, deren Prinzip in einer elektrischen Stimulation verbleibender Nervenzellen in der Retina oder im Cortex, wurden bereits bei einer Reihe von Patienten mit begrenzten Ergebnissen erprobt. Neue Befunde in der Biologie der Erkrankungen aber auch neue technologische Entwicklungen machen hier Hoffnung auf bessere Ergebnisse in der Zukunft.
‘That Time of the Month’ – Investigating the Influence of the Menstrual Cycle and Oral Contraceptives on the Brain Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Schuster Verena , Jansen Andreas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe stereotypic and oversimplified relationship between female sex hormones and undesirable behavior dates to the earliest days of human society, as already the ancient Greek word for the uterus, “hystera” indicated an aversive connection. Remaining and evolving throughout the centuries, transcending across cultures and various aspects of everyday life, its perception was only recently reframed. Contemporarily, the complex interaction of hormonal phases (i. e., the menstrual cycle), hormonal medication (i. e., oral contraceptives), women’s psychological well-being, and behavior is the subject of multifaceted and more reflected discussions. A driving force of this ongoing paradigm shift was the introduction of this highly interesting and important topic into the realm of scientific research. This refers to neuroscientific research as it enables a multimodal approach combining aspects of physiology, medicine, and psychology. Here a growing body of literature points towards significant alterations of both brain function, such as lateralization of cognitive functions, and structure, such as gray matter concentrations, due to fluctuations and changes in hormonal levels. This especially concerns female sex hormones. However, the more research is conducted within this field, the less reliable these observations and derived insights appear. This may be due to two particular factors: measurement inconsistencies and diverse hormonal phases accompanied by interindividual differences. The first factor refers to the prominent unreliability of one of the primarily utilized neuroscientific research instruments: functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This unreliability is seemingly present in paradigms and analyses, and their interplay, and is additionally affected by the second factor. In more detail, hormonal phases and levels further influence neuroscientific results obtained through fMRI as outcomes vary drastically across different cycle phases and medication. This resulting vast uncertainty thus tremendously hinders the further advancement of our understanding of how female sex hormones might alter brain structure and function and, ultimately, behavior.This review summarizes parts of the current state of research and outlines the essential requirements to further investigate and understand the female brain’s underlying physiological and anatomical features.
Abszesstonsillektomie: Uni- oder bilateral?
Authors: Fauck Vanessa , Schinz Katharina , Alexiou Christoph , Mantsopoulos Konstantinos , Iro Heinrich , Mueller Sarina K. 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Zusätzlich zu einer empirischen Antibiotikagabe kommt als Therapie eines Peritonsillarabszesses (PTA) neben der Drainage von Pus auch die Abszesstonsillektomie (ABTE) infrage. Die Nachblutung nach ABTE ist eine gefürchtete Komplikation und kann in seltenen Fällen bis zum Tod des Patienten führen. Ziel dieser Studie war der Vergleich von ABTEs mit und ohne kontralaterale Tonsillektomie (TE) bezüglich Blutungskomplikationen. Zusätzlich wurde das Auftreten von metachronen PTAs auf der Gegenseite untersucht.
Material und Methoden Retrospektive Studie von n=655 Patient*innen, die im Zeitraum von 2004 bis 2019 eine ABTE mit oder ohne kontralaterale TE erhielten. Die operationspflichtigen Nachblutungen wurden in Abhängigkeit von demografischen und chirurgischen Parametern untersucht. Des Weiteren wurde evaluiert, wie häufig es nach unilateraler ABTE zu einem PTA mit Notwendigkeit einer ABTE der kontralateralen Seite kommt.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt kam es bei 10/655 (1,5%) zu einer operationsbedürftigen Nachblutung. Bei 404/655 wurde eine ABTE mit kontralateraler TE durchgeführt. Hier zeigte sich bei 8/404 (1,98%) die Blutung kontra- oder bilateral. Nur 2 Patient*innen (2/251, 0,7%) mit unilateraler ABTE bluteten nach. Die Nachblutungsrate nach unilateraler ABTE war signifikant niedriger als bei ABTE mit kontralateraler TE (0,7% vs. 1,98%; p=0,001). Bei 0,8% der Patient*innen erfolgte bei metachronem PTA eine ABTE der Gegenseite.
Schlussfolgerungen Insgesamt zeigte sich die Nachblutungsrate nach ABTE mit 1,5% gering. Die Nachblutungsrate nach unilateraler ABTE war signifikant geringer als nach ABTE mit kontralateraler TE. Daher sollte die Indikation zur kontralateralen TE bei unilateralem PTA streng gestellt werden.
Adenoma detection rate is enough to assess endoscopist performance: a population-based observational study of FIT-positive colonoscopies
Authors: Denis Bernard , Gendre Isabelle , Tuzin Nicolas , Murris Juliette , Guignard Anne , Perrin Philippe , Rahmi Gabriel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Neoplasia-related indicators, such as adenoma detection rate (ADR), are a priority in the quality improvement process for colonoscopy. Our aim was to assess and compare different detection and characterization indicators in fecal immunochemical test (FIT)-positive colonoscopies, to determine associated factors, and to propose benchmarks.
Patients and methods Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from all colonoscopies performed between 2015 and 2019 after a positive quantitative FIT in the population-based colorectal cancer screening program conducted in Alsace, part of the French national program. Detection indicators included ADR, mean number of adenomas per colonoscopy, and proximal serrated lesion (SL) detection rate. Characterization indicators included rate of non-neoplastic polyp (NNP) detection.
Results Overall, 13,067 FIT-positive colonoscopies were evaluated, performed by 80 community gastroenterologists. The overall ADR was 57.6 %, and a 10 µg/g increase in fecal hemoglobin concentration was significantly associated with higher ADR (odds ratio [95 % confidence interval] = 1.02 [1.02–1.03]). Endoscopists whose ADR was ≥ 55 % were high detectors for all neoplasia, including proximal SLs and number of adenomas. The rate of detection of NNPs was 39.5 % in highest detectors (ADR > 70 %), significantly higher than in lower detectors (21.4 %) (P < 0.001). There was a strong correlation between detection and characterization indicators, e. g. between rates of detection of proximal SLs and NNPs (Pearson = 0.73; P < 0.01).
Conclusions A single indicator, ADR, is enough to assess endoscopist performance for both detection and characterization in routine practice provided the minimum target standard is raised and a maximum standard is added: 55 % and 70 % for FIT-positive colonoscopies, respectively.
Stereoselective Conjugate Addition-Enamination of α-Linear N-tert-Butanesulfinyl Ketimines with Nitroolefins
Authors: Lu Chong-Dao , Yisimayili Nuermaimaiti , Chu Li-Feng , Feng Jie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
N-Sulfinyl metalloenamines, generated by deprotonating α-linear N-tert-butanesulfinyl ketimines, reacted with nitroalkenes via stereoselective conjugate addition to give Michael adducts with opposite stereochemistry to that obtained using α-branched sulfinylketimines. In the presence of excess base (2.5 equiv t-BuOK), the adducts derived from α-linear ketimines were further stereoselectively deprotonated to afford the corresponding kinetically favorable N-sulfinyl (Z)-enamine derivatives in good yields with good stereoselectivities. A reaction model was proposed to rationalize the observed stereochemistry.
The Influence of Knee Osteoarthritis on Spinopelvic Alignment and Global Sagittal Balance
Authors: Katsumi Ryota , Mannen Erin M. , Bajaj Gitanjali , Smith Jacob R. , Mears Simon C. , Stambough Jeffrey B. , Barnes C. Lowry 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is thought to lead to a loss of lumbar lordosis (LL) as a compensation for knee flexion contracture. Changes in sagittal alignment are not limited to the lumbar spine and involve a complex interplay of alignment of the hip, pelvis, and spine. While spine–hip interactions have been previously explored, the influence of knee OA sagittal alignment parameters on spinopelvic alignment and global sagittal balance remains unexplored. Standing radiological examination using EOS biplanar radiography was examined in 108 patients with knee OA. Whole-body sagittal alignment parameters (thoracic kyphosis, LL, pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt [PT], femoropelvic angle [FPA], femoral tilt angle [FTA], tibial tilt angle, and knee flexion angle [KFA]) and global balance parameters (sagittal vertical axis [SVA] and odontoid hip axis [OD-HA] angle) were measured three dimensionally (3D). The correlation coefficients among all parameters were assessed. A multiple stepwise linear regression model was built to investigate the direct association between SVA or OD-HA angle (dependent variables) and sagittal alignment parameters and demographic data (independent variables). Significant correlations between KFA, FPA, FTA, SVA, and OD-HA angle were found. FTA was correlated with LL and FPA. The FTA was the most influential predictor of both global sagittal balance parameters (p < 0.001). Knee OA leads to changes in global sagittal balance with effects at the hip, knee, pelvis, and spine. FTA (forward flexion of the femur vs. the vertical plane) is the largest driver of global sagittal plane balance in patients with knee OA.
Osmotic second virial coefficients for hydrophobic interactions as a function of solute size
Authors: Naito Hidefumi , Okamoto Ryuichi , Sumi Tomonari , Koga Kenichiro 
Published: May 2022

To gain quantitative insight into how the overall strength of the hydrophobic interaction varies with the molecular size, we calculate osmotic second virial coefficients B for hydrophobic spherical molecules of different diameters σ in water based on molecular simulation with corrections to the finite-size and finite-concentration effects. It is shown that B (&lt;0) changes by two orders of magnitude greater as σ increases twofold and its solute-size dependence is best fit by a power law B ∝ σα with the exponent α ≃ 6, which contrasts with the cubic power law that the second virial coefficients of gases obey. It is also found that values of B for the solutes in a nonpolar solvent are positive but they obey the same power law as in water. A thermodynamic identity for B derived earlier [K. Koga, V. Holten, and B. Widom, J. Phys. Chem. B 119, 13391 (2015)] indicates that if B is asymptotically proportional to a power of σ, the exponent α must be equal to or greater than 6.