bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The GeneCards Suite
Authors: Safran Marilyn , Rosen Naomi , Twik Michal , BarShir Ruth , Stein Tsippi Iny , Dahary Dvir , Fishilevich Simon , Lancet Doron 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe GeneCards®database of human genes was launched in 1997 and has expanded since then to encompass gene-centric, disease-centric, and pathway-centric entities and relationships within the GeneCards Suite, effectively navigating the universe of human biological data—genes, proteins, cells, regulatory elements, biological pathways, and diseases—and the connections among them. The knowledgebase amalgamates information from >150 selected sources related to genes, proteins, ncRNAs, regulatory elements, chemical compounds, drugs, splice variants, SNPs, signaling molecules, differentiation protocols, biological pathways, stem cells, genetic tests, clinical trials, diseases, publications, and more and empowers the suite’s Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), gene set, shared descriptors, and batch query analysis tools.
Chaos and pole-skipping in rotating black holes
Authors: Blake Mike , Davison Richard A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study the connection between many-body quantum chaos and energy dynamics for the holographic theory dual to the Kerr-AdS black hole. In particular, we determine a partial differential equation governing the angular profile of gravitational shock waves that are relevant for the computation of out-of-time ordered correlation functions (OTOCs). Further we show that this shock wave profile is directly related to the behaviour of energy fluctuations in the boundary theory. In particular, we demonstrate using the Teukolsky formalism that at complex frequency ω∗ = i2πT there exists an extra ingoing solution to the linearised Einstein equations whenever the angular profile of metric perturbations near the horizon satisfies this shock wave equation. As a result, for metric perturbations with such temporal and angular profiles we find that the energy density response of the boundary theory exhibit the signatures of “pole-skipping” — namely, it is undefined, but exhibits a collective mode upon a parametrically small deformation of the profile. Additionally, we provide an explicit computation of the OTOC in the equatorial plane for slowly rotating large black holes, and show that its form can be used to obtain constraints on the dispersion relations of collective modes in the dual CFT.
Insuffizienzfraktur der Klavikula nach Implantation einer inversen Schulterendoprothese
Authors: Streck Laura Elisa , Seefried Lothar , Genest Franca , Reichel Thomas , Rudert Maximilian , Rueckl Kilian 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungWir stellen den seltenen Fall einer Insuffizienzfraktur der Klavikula nach Implantation einer inversen Schulterendoprothese (RSA) vor. Als Ursache solcher Frakturen wird eine vermehrte Zugbelastung durch den Musculus deltoideus nach RSA diskutiert. In den wenigen verfügbaren Fallberichten zeigten die betroffenen Patienten deutliche Funktionseinschränkungen. Die Versorgung erfolgte im vorliegenden Fall mit Plattenosteosynthese. Trotz intraoperativ gutem Korrekturergebnis kam es im Verlauf ohne Trauma zum Osteosyntheseversagen mit weiterer Dislokation der Fraktur.
Discrete adjoint methodology for general multiphysics problems
Authors: Burghardt Ole , Gomes Pedro , Kattmann Tobias , Economon Thomas D. , Gauger Nicolas R. , Palacios Rafael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article presents a methodology whereby adjoint solutions for partitioned multiphysics problems can be computed efficiently, in a way that is completely independent of the underlying physical sub-problems, the associated numerical solution methods, and the number and type of couplings between them. By applying the reverse mode of algorithmic differentiation to each discipline, and by using a specialized recording strategy, diagonal and cross terms can be evaluated individually, thereby allowing different solution methods for the generic coupled problem (for example block-Jacobi or block-Gauss-Seidel). Based on an implementation in the open-source multiphysics simulation and design software SU2, we demonstrate how the same algorithm can be applied for shape sensitivity analysis on a heat exchanger (conjugate heat transfer), a deforming wing (fluid–structure interaction), and a cooled turbine blade where both effects are simultaneously taken into account.
Proton motive force underpins respiration-mediated potentiation of aminoglycoside lethality in pathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Webster Calum M. , Woody Ayrianna M. , Fusseini Safura , Holmes Louis G. , Robinson Gary K. , Shepherd Mark 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt is well known that loss of aerobic respiration in Gram-negative bacteria can diminish the efficacy of a variety of bactericidal antibiotics, which has lead to subsequent demonstrations that the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the proton motive force (PMF) can both play a role in antibiotic toxicity. The susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteria to aminoglycoside antibiotics, particularly gentamicin, has previously been linked to both the production of ROS and the rate of antibiotic uptake that is mediated by the PMF, although the relative contributions of ROS and PMF to aminoglycoside toxicity has remained poorly understood. Herein, gentamicin was shown to elicit a very modest increase in ROS levels in an aerobically grown Escherichia coli clinical isolate. The well-characterised uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) was used to disrupt the PMF, which resulted in a significant decrease in gentamicin lethality towards E. coli. DNP did not significantly alter respiratory oxygen consumption, supporting the hypothesis that this uncoupler does not increase ROS production via elevated respiratory oxidase activity. These observations support the hypothesis that maintenance of PMF rather than induction of ROS production underpins the mechanism for how the respiratory chain potentiates the toxicity of aminoglycosides. This was further supported by the demonstration that the uncoupler DNP elicits a dramatic decrease in gentamicin lethality under anaerobic conditions. Together, these data strongly suggest that maintenance of the PMF is the dominant mechanism for the respiratory chain in potentiating the toxic effects of aminoglycosides.
Methanol-induced optic neuropathy: a still-present problem
Authors: Liberski Sławomir , Kaluzny Bartlomiej J. , Kocięcki Jarosław 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMethanol-induced optic neuropathy (Me-ION) is a serious condition that may result in long-term or irreversible visual impairment or even blindness secondary to damage and loss of function of the optic nerve and retina. Me-ION shows a tendency to occur as mass poisonings around the world with a clear predilection for poor societies in developing countries. The main mechanism underlying the molecular basis of Me-ION is the inhibition of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation process through the binding of the toxic metabolite of methanol—formic acid—with the key enzyme of this process—cytochrome c oxidase. However, other mechanisms, including damage to the eye tissues by oxidative stress causing the intensification of the oxidative peroxidation process with the formation of cytotoxic compounds, as well as an increase in the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines and influence on the expression of key proteins responsible for maintaining cell homeostasis, also play an important role in the pathogenesis of Me-ION. Histopathological changes in the eye tissues are mainly manifested as the degeneration of axons and glial cells of the optic nerve, often with accompanying damage of the retina that may involve all its layers. Despite the development of therapeutic approaches, persistent visual sequelae are seen in 30–40% of survivors. Thus, Me-ION continues to be an important problem for healthcare systems worldwide.
Valuative stability of polarised varieties
Authors: Dervan Ruadhaí , Legendre Eveline 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFujita and Li have given a characterisation of K-stability of a Fano variety in terms of quantities associated to valuations, which has been essential to all recent progress in the area. We introduce a notion of valuative stability for arbitrary polarised varieties, and show that it is equivalent to K-stability with respect to test configurations with integral central fibre. The numerical invariant governing valuative stability is modelled on Fujita’s$$\beta $$β-invariant, but includes a term involving the derivative of the volume. We give several examples of valuatively stable and unstable varieties, including the toric case. We also discuss the role that the$$\delta $$δ-invariant plays in the study of valuative stability and K-stability of polarised varieties.
Direct Transfer to a Tertiary Care Hospital After Traumatic Injury is Associated with a Survival Benefit in a Resource‐Limited Setting
Authors: Yohann Avital , Kayange Linda , Purcell Laura N. , Gallaher Jared , Charles Anthony 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionTrauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and patients in low‐ and middle‐income countries are disproportionately affected. Organized trauma systems, including appropriate transfer to a higher level of care, improve trauma outcomes. We sought to evaluate the relationship between transfer status and trauma mortality in Malawi.
MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of trauma patients admitted to Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH), a trauma center in Lilongwe, Malawi, between January 1, 2013, and May 30, 2018. Transfer status was categorized as direct if a patient arrives at KCH from the injury scene and indirect if a patient comes to KCH from another health care facility. We used logistic regression modeling to evaluate the relationship between transfer status and in‐hospital mortality.ResultsA total of 8369 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 34.6 years (SD 15.8), and 81% of patients were male. The most common mechanism of injury was motor vehicle collision. Injury severity did not significantly differ between the two groups. Crude mortality was 4.8% for indirect and 2.6% for direct transfers. After adjusting for relevant covariates, odds ratio of mortality was 2.12 (1.49–3.02, p < 0.001) for indirect versus direct transfers.ConclusionTrauma patients indirectly transferred to a trauma center have nearly double the risk of mortality compared to direct transfers. Trauma outcome improvement efforts must focus on strengthening prehospital care, improving district hospital capacity, and developing protocols for early assessment, treatment, and transfer of trauma patients to a trauma center.
Emergency to Elective Surgery Ratio as a Disparities Sensitive Surgical Access Metric, A Study of Low Socioeconomic Status in Australia
Authors: de Jager Elzerie , Gunnarsson Ronny , Ho Yik‐Hong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe emergency to elective surgery ratio is a proposed indicator for global access to surgical care. There is a well‐established link between low socioeconomic status and increased morbidity and mortality. This study examined the emergency to elective surgery ratios for low socioeconomic patients utilising both self‐reported unemployment and the neighbourhood Index of Economic Resources (IER).MethodsA retrospective study was conducted at a regional tertiary care centre in Australia, including data over a ten‐year period (2008–2018). Multivariable logistic regression adjusting for year, age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, rurality, and if surgeries were due to trauma or injuries, was performed.Results84,014 patients underwent a surgical procedure in the period examined; 29.0% underwent emergency surgery, 5.31% were unemployed, and 26.6% lived in neighbourhoods with the lowest IER. Following multivariable testing, the rate of emergency surgery was higher for unemployed patients (OR 1.42 [1.32–1.52], p < 0.001), and for those from the lowest IER (OR 1.13 [1.08–1.19], p < 0.001). For unemployed patients, this disparity increased during the study period (OR 1.32 [2008–2012], OR 1.48 [2013–2018]). When stratified by specialty, most (7/11) had significant disparities for unemployed patients: Cardiac/Cardiothoracic, Otolaryngology, Maxillofacial/Dental, Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Orthopaedics, Plastics, and Vascular surgery.ConclusionsUnemployed Australians and those residing in the most disadvantaged IER neighbourhoods had higher emergency to elective surgery rates. The disparity in emergency to elective surgery rates for unemployed patients was found in most surgical specialties and increased over the period examined. This suggests a widespread and potentially increasing disparity in access to surgical care for patients of socioeconomic disadvantage, specifically for those who are unemployed.
Geriatrische Dermatologie
Authors: Joura Marie Isolde , Koszorú Kamilla , Czintner Dóra , Sárdy Miklós 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Bevölkerung erreicht ein höheres Lebensalter. Begleitend steigt die Inzidenz der Hauterkrankungen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Dargestellt werden die wichtigsten Hauterkrankungen geriatrischer Patienten.

Material und Methoden
Es erfolgten sowohl eine Literaturrecherche in der Datenbank von PubMed als auch aus dermatologischen Standardlehrbüchern.

Ergebnisse
Die Haut geriatrischer Patienten reagiert empfindlicher auf Umwelteinflüsse und kann im Rahmen von internistischen Grunderkrankungen mitbetroffen sein. Aufgrund von verzögerter Diagnostik werden maligne Hauterkrankungen bei alten Patienten erst in höheren Stadien diagnostiziert.

Diskussion
Physiologische Hautveränderungen im Alter sind durch entsprechende Pflegemaßnahmen zu behandeln. Bei unklaren Hautveränderungen ist eine rasche dermatologische Abklärung anzustreben.
Implantation of a VDD implantable cardioverter-defibrillator lead via a persistent left superior vena cava
Authors: Vamos Mate , Saghy Laszlo , Bencsik Gabor 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA persistent left superior vena cava (LSVC) represents a challenging congenital abnormality for transvenous cardiac device implantation. In the current case a secondary prophylactic VDD implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation was planned in a 75-year-old woman presenting with ischemic cardiomyopathy and elevated stroke risk. Since no venous communication to the right side was identified intraoperatively, the lead was placed via the persistent LSVC. The far-field signal on the floating atrial dipole could be successfully blanked out, and appropriate device function with high and stable atrial sensing was demonstrated at follow-up.
Linear-Time Algorithms for Maximum-Weight Induced Matchings and Minimum Chain Covers in Convex Bipartite Graphs
Authors: Klemz Boris , Rote Günter 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA bipartite graph $$G=(U,V,E)$$

G
=
(
U
,
V
,
E
)

is convex if the vertices in V can be linearly ordered such that for each vertex $$u\in U$$

u
∈
U

, the neighbors of u are consecutive in the ordering of V. An induced matchingH of G is a matching for which no edge of E connects endpoints of two different edges of H. We show that in a convex bipartite graph with n vertices and mweighted edges, an induced matching of maximum total weight can be computed in $$O(n+m)$$

O
(
n
+
m
)

time. An unweighted convex bipartite graph has a representation of size O(n) that records for each vertex $$u\in U$$

u
∈
U

the first and last neighbor in the ordering of V. Given such a compact representation, we compute an induced matching of maximum cardinality in O(n) time. In convex bipartite graphs, maximum-cardinality induced matchings are dual to minimum chain covers. A chain cover is a covering of the edge set by chain subgraphs, that is, subgraphs that do not contain induced matchings of more than one edge. Given a compact representation, we compute a representation of a minimum chain cover in O(n) time. If no compact representation is given, the cover can be computed in $$O(n+m)$$

O
(
n
+
m
)

time. All of our algorithms achieve optimal linear running time for the respective problem and model, and they improve and generalize the previous results in several ways: The best algorithms for the unweighted problem versions had a running time of $$O(n^2)$$

O
(

n
2

)

(Brandstädt et al. in Theor. Comput. Sci. 381(1–3):260–265, 2007. 10.1016/j.tcs.2007.04.006). The weighted case has not been considered before.
Linear-Time Recognition of Double-Threshold Graphs
Authors: Kobayashi Yusuke , Okamoto Yoshio , Otachi Yota , Uno Yushi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA graph $$G = (V,E)$$

G
=
(
V
,
E
)

is a double-threshold graph if there exist a vertex-weight function $$w :V \rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

w
:
V
→
R

and two real numbers $$\mathtt {lb}, \mathtt {ub}\in \mathbb {R}$$

lb
,
ub
∈
R

such that $$uv \in E$$

u
v
∈
E

if and only if $$\mathtt {lb}\le \mathtt {w}(u) + \mathtt {w}(v) \le \mathtt {ub}$$

lb
≤
w
(
u
)
+
w
(
v
)
≤
ub

. In the literature, those graphs are studied also as the pairwise compatibility graphs that have stars as their underlying trees. We give a new characterization of double-threshold graphs that relates them to bipartite permutation graphs. Using the new characterization, we present a linear-time algorithm for recognizing double-threshold graphs. Prior to our work, the fastest known algorithm by Xiao and Nagamochi [Algorithmica 2020] ran in $$O(n^{3} m)$$

O
(

n
3

m
)

time, where n and m are the numbers of vertices and edges, respectively.
Weak population spatial genetic structure and low infraspecific specificity for fungal partners in the rare mycoheterotrophic orchid Epipogium aphyllum
Authors: Minasiewicz Julita , Krawczyk Emilia , Znaniecka Joanna , Vincenot Lucie , Zheleznaya Ekaterina , Korybut-Orlowska Joanna , Kull Tiiu , Selosse Marc-André 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSome plants abandoned photosynthesis and developed full dependency on fungi for nutrition. Most of the so-called mycoheterotrophic plants exhibit high specificity towards their fungal partners. We tested whether natural rarity of mycoheterotrophic plants and usual small and fluctuating population size make their populations more prone to genetic differentiation caused by restricted gene flow and/or genetic drift. We also tested whether these genetic characteristics might in turn shape divergent fungal preferences. We studied the mycoheterotrophic orchid Epipogium aphyllum, addressing the joint issues of genetic structure of its populations over Europe and possible consequences for mycorrhizal specificity within the associated fungal taxa. Out of 27 sampled E. aphyllum populations, nine were included for genetic diversity assessment using nine nuclear microsatellites and plastid DNA. Population genetic structure was inferred based on the total number of populations. Individuals from 17 locations were included into analysis of genetic identity of mycorrhizal fungi of E. aphyllum based on barcoding by nuclear ribosomal DNA. Epipogium aphyllum populations revealed high genetic diversity (uHe = 0.562) and low genetic differentiation over vast distances (FST = 0.106 for nuclear microsatellites and FST = 0.156 for plastid DNA). Bayesian clustering analyses identified only two genetic clusters, with a high degree of admixture. Epipogium aphyllum genets arise from panmixia and display locally variable, but relatively high production of ramets, as shown by a low value of rarefied genotypic richness (Rr = 0.265). Epipogium aphyllum genotype control over partner selection was negligible as (1) we found ramets from a single genetic individual associated with up to 68% of the known Inocybe spp. associating with the plant species, (2) and partner identity did not show any geographic structure. The absence of mosaicism in the mycorrhizal specificity over Europe may be linked to preferential allogamous habit of E. aphyllum and significant gene flow, which tend to promote host generalism.
“Wearables on vogue”: a scoping review on wearables on physical activity and sedentary behavior during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Panicker Rohit Muralidhar , Chandrasekaran Baskaran 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Wearables are intriguing way to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior in populations with and without chronic diseases. However, the contemporary evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of wearables on physical health during the COVID-19 pandemic has yet to be explored.

Aim
The present review aims to provide the readers with a broader knowledge of the impact of wearables on physical health during the pandemic.

Methods
Five electronic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, Ovid Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Embase) were searched. The eligibility criteria of the studies to be included were based on PICOT criteria: population (adults, children and elderly), intervention (wearable, smartphones), comparison (any behavioral intervention), outcome (physical activity or sedentary behavior levels) and time frame (between December 1st, 2019 and November 19th, 2021). The present scoping review was framed as per the guidelines of the Arksey and O’Malley framework.

Results
Of 469 citations initially screened, 17 articles were deemed eligible for inclusion and potential scoping was done. Smartphone-based applications with inbuilt accelerometers were commonly used, while a few studies employed smart bands, smartwatches for physical health monitoring. Most of the studies observed the increased use of wearables in healthy adults followed by elderly, children and pregnant women. Considerable reduction (almost—50%) in physical activity during the pandemic: daily step count (− 2812 steps/min), standing (− 32.7%) and walking (− 52.2%) time was found.

Conclusion
Wearables appears to be impending means of improving physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Length of stay as quality indicator in emergency departments: analysis of determinants in the German Emergency Department Data Registry (AKTIN registry)
Authors: Otto Ronny , Blaschke Sabine , Schirrmeister Wiebke , Drynda Susanne , Walcher Felix , Greiner Felix 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSeveral indicators reflect the quality of care within emergency departments (ED). The length of stay (LOS) of emergency patients represents one of the most important performance measures. Determinants of LOS have not yet been evaluated in large cohorts in Germany. This study analyzed the fixed and influenceable determinants of LOS by evaluating data from the German Emergency Department Data Registry (AKTIN registry). We performed a retrospective evaluation of all adult (age ≥ 18 years) ED patients enrolled in the AKTIN registry for the year 2019. Primary outcome was LOS for the whole cohort; secondary outcomes included LOS stratified by (1) patient-related, (2) organizational-related and (3) structure-related factors. Overall, 304,606 patients from 12 EDs were included. Average LOS for all patients was 3 h 28 min (95% CI 3 h 27 min–3 h 29 min). Regardless of other variables, patients admitted to hospital stayed 64 min longer than non-admitted patients. LOS increased with patients’ age, was shorter for walk-in patients compared to medical referral, and longer for non-trauma presenting complaints. Relevant differences were also found for acuity level, day of the week, and emergency care levels. We identified different factors influencing the duration of LOS in the ED. Total LOS was dependent on patient-related factors (age), disease-related factors (presentation complaint and triage level), and organizational factors (weekday and admitted/non-admitted status). These findings are important for the development of management strategies to optimize patient flow through the ED and thus to prevent overcrowding.