bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alpha-band EEG suppression as a neural marker of sustained attentional engagement to conditioned threat stimuli
Authors: Bacigalupo Felix , Luck Steven J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Attention helps us to be aware of the external world, and this may be especially important when a threat stimulus predicts an aversive outcome. Electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha-band suppression has long been considered as a neural signature of attentional engagement. The present study was designed to test whether attentional engagement, as indexed by alpha-band suppression, is increased in a sustained manner following a conditioned stimulus (CS) that is paired with an aversive (CS+) vs neutral (CS−) outcome. We tested 70 healthy young adults in aversive conditioning and extinction paradigms. One of three colored circles served as the CS+, which was paired in 50% of the trials with a noise burst (unconditioned stimulus, US). The other colored circles (CS−) were never paired with the US. For conditioning, we found greater alpha-band suppression for the CS+ compared to the CS−; this suppression was sustained through the time of the predicted US. This effect was significantly reduced for extinction. These results indicate that conditioned threat stimuli trigger an increase in attentional engagement as subjects monitor the environment for the predicted aversive stimulus. Moreover, this alpha-band suppression effect may be valuable for future studies examining normal or pathological increases in attentional monitoring following threat stimuli.
Probiotics Plus Dietary Fiber Supplements Attenuate Olanzapine-Induced Weight Gain in Drug-Naïve First-Episode Schizophrenia Patients: Two Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Huang Jing , Kang Dongyu , Zhang Fengyu , Yang Ye , Liu Chenchen , Xiao Jingmei , Long Yujun , Lang Bing , Peng Xingjie , Wang Weiyan , Wang Xiaoyi , Liu Fangkun , Davis John M , Zhao Jingping , Wu Renrong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Antipsychotic-induced weight gain is associated with alterations to the composition of the gut microbiota. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of probiotics plus dietary fiber on antipsychotic-induced weight gain.

Study Design
Two sequential, randomized clinical trials were conducted. In Study 1, 90 drug-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia patients were randomized to receive either olanzapine plus probiotics or olanzapine monotherapy for 12 weeks. In Study 2, 60 drug-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia patients were randomly assigned to receive either olanzapine plus probiotics and dietary fiber or olanzapine monotherapy for 12 weeks.

Study Results
In Study 1, no significant differences in weight gain were observed between the two groups. The insulin resistance index (IRI) was lower in the olanzapine plus probiotics group compared with the olanzapine monotherapy group at week 12 (estimated mean difference, −0.65, [95% confidence interval (CI), −1.10 to −0.20]; p = .005). In Study 2, weight gain was lower in the probiotics plus dietary fiber group than in the olanzapine monotherapy group at week 12 (estimated mean difference −3.45 kg, [95% CI, −5.91 to −1.00]; p = .007). At week 12, IRI increased significantly in the olanzapine monotherapy group (mean, 1.74; standard deviation (SD) = 1.11, p &lt; .001), but not in the olanzapine plus probiotics and dietary fiber group (mean 0.47, SD = 2.16, p = .35) with an estimated mean difference of −0.95 between the two groups [95% CI, −1.77 to −0.14]; p = .022).

Conclusions
These results provide support for the efficacy and safety of probiotics plus dietary fiber in attenuating antipsychotic-induced weight gain in drug-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia patients.
Embedded Distress: Social Integration, Gender, and Adolescent Depression
Authors: Copeland Molly 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In adolescence, teens manage close friendships while simultaneously evaluating their social position in the larger peer context. Conceptualizing distinct local and global network structures clarifies how social integration relates to mental wellbeing. Examining local cohesion and global embeddedness in the context of key factors related to mental health, such as gender and friends’ depression, can further distinguish when the structure and content of social integration relate to higher and lower depressive levels. Analyses using survey data from PROSPER (n = 27,091, grades 9–12) indicate global embeddedness is generally protective, but for girls, greater global embeddedness when friends are more depressive is associated with increased depressive symptoms. For girls, greater local cohesion reduces associations between more depressive friends and increased depressive levels, while for boys, both local cohesion and friends’ depression are largely irrelevant. Results indicate the importance of considering both local and global network integration in tandem with gender and friends’ depression to understand how social integration relates to mental health.
Objective and subjective sleep and caregiving feelings in mothers of infants: a longitudinal daily diary study
Authors: Ran-Peled Dar , Bar-Shachar Yael , Horwitz Avel , Finkelstein Omer , Bar-Kalifa Eran , Meiri Gal , Tikotzky Liat 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesThis study explored the links between mothers’ objective and subjective sleep and their caregiving feelings toward their infant (i.e. patience for the infant, desire to be with the infant, and anger toward the infant), using a diary study design. We were particularly interested in examining whether nights of lower sleep quality within individual mothers predict more negative maternal caregiving feelings the following day.MethodsThe sample included 151 women, who were recruited during pregnancy. Data were collected at 4 and 8 months after delivery. Maternal sleep was monitored at home for seven nights using actigraphy and sleep diaries. Mothers rated their caregiving feelings each evening.ResultsMultilevel modeling (controlling for depressive symptoms, feeding method, and background variables) revealed that actigraphic and subjective sleep variables were associated with maternal caregiving feeling, both at the between- and within-person levels. For example, lower sleep percent predicted reduced levels of maternal patience for the infant at 4 and 8 months (between-person effect). Moreover, when a mother had a lower sleep percent on a given night (compared to her average), she reported lower levels of patience for her infant the following day (within-person prospective effect).ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate, for the first time, that maternal nightly variations in objective and subjective sleep quality predict daily changes in maternal feelings toward her infant at two different assessment points. Improving maternal sleep quality might be an important target for future interventions which may help mothers to feel more positively toward their infants.
Usefulness of the maintenance of wakefulness test in central disorders of hypersomnolence: a scoping review
Authors: Bijlenga Denise , Overeem Sebastiaan , Fronczek Rolf , Lammers Gert Jan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
To review the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT) as assessment of daytime sleepiness in the evaluation of treatment effects and driving fitness in central disorders of hypersomnolence (CDH).

Methods
We performed a scoping review of studies using the MWT in patients with CDH (i.e. narcolepsy types 1 and 2, and idiopathic hypersomnia). N = 20 articles were included, comprising 683 patients and 129 controls. MWT effect sizes were compared to the Clinical Global Impression (GCI) scale and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). MWT sleep latency was correlated to objective driving performances. The role of motivation was evaluated by comparing MWTs of treatment studies (low motivation) to driving fitness studies (high motivation to stay awake). Healthy controls were compared to norm values.

Results
MWT and CGI were both impacted by the same treatment; however, the MWT has higher effect sizes and was more sensitive to measure these effects. The MWT correlated fairly to moderately (ρ = −0.26 to −0.56; p ≤ .05) to objective driving performance. Motivation played a major role on MWT sleep latencies (d = 0.76 to 1.43; p ≤ .001). Current norm values may not be valid, as sleep latency may be impacted by age.

Conclusions
The MWTs applicability to measure treatment effects in CDH was confirmed, but age-adjusted norm values are needed. For a more complete evaluation of EDS it should be combined with subjective measures. Its reliability for driving fitness evaluation is insufficient, and motivation plays a major role. To predict or monitor driving performance in CDH, valid and easy methods should be developed.
Motivating cascade testing for familial hypercholesterolemia: applying the extended parallel process model for clinician communication
Authors: Campbell-Salome Gemme , Walters Nicole L , Ladd Ilene G , Sheldon Amanda , Ahmed Catherine Davis , Brangan Andrew , McMinn Megan N , Rahm Alanna K , Schwartz Marci L B , Tricou Eric , Fisher Carla L , Sturm Amy C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Motivating at-risk relatives to undergo cascade testing for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is critical for diagnosis and lifesaving treatment. As credible sources of information, clinicians can assist in family communication about FH and motivate cascade testing uptake. However, there are no guidelines regarding how clinicians should effectively communicate with probands (the first person diagnosed in the family) and at-risk relatives. Individuals and families with FH can inform our understanding of the most effective communications to promote cascade testing. Guided by the extended parallel process model (EPPM), we analyzed the perspectives of individuals and families with FH for effective messaging clinicians can use to promote cascade testing uptake. We analyzed narrative data from interviews and surveys collected as part of a larger mixed-methods study. The EPPM was used to identify message features recommended by individuals and families with FH that focus on four key constructs (severity, susceptibility, response efficacy, self-efficacy) to promote cascade testing. Participants included 22 individuals from 11 dyadic interviews and 98 survey respondents. Participants described prioritizing multiple messages that address each EPPM construct to alert relatives about their risk. They illustrated strategies clinicians could use within each EPPM construct to communicate to at-risk relatives about the importance of pursuing diagnosis via cascade testing and subsequent treatment for high cholesterol due to FH. Findings provide guidance on effective messaging to motivate cascade testing uptake for FH and demonstrates how the EPPM may guide communication with at-risk relatives about genetic risk and motivate cascade testing broadly.
The Sociologist and the Subject: Two Historiographies of Post-war Social Science
Authors: Dubler Roslyn 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
There is not one historiography of post-war social science but two: one focused on the sociologists, the other on the people the sociologists studied. This second historiography peels back the abstractions of social scientists to reconstruct the everyday lives and the ‘vernacular’ speech of those studied. John Goldthorpe’s paper in this roundtable provides an opportunity to reflect on the historical concerns, methods, and future of the new literature on post-war sociology and social transcripts.
Seroprevalence and mutations in the major hydrophilic region of hepatitis B virus among pregnant women in Huzhou, China
Authors: Li Haiyan , Qian Fuchu , Zou Weihua , Jin Fang , Li Dongli , Zhang Yaqin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the main cause of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in China. However, there is a paucity of information on seroprevalence and mutations in HBV surface genes among pregnant women in Huzhou, China.

Methods
In this retrospective cross-sectional study, serum markers of 31 681 pregnant women were collected and analysed. The surface genes were amplified and directly sequenced. Mutations in the major hydrophilic region (MHR) were analysed in 171 randomly selected subjects.

Results
The seroprevalence of HBV infection was 3.32% (1053/31 681). The predominant HBV genotypes were B (57.4%) and C (42.6%). Pregnant women ≥30 y of age exhibited a higher hepatitis B surface antigen–positive rate than those &lt;30 y of age. MHR mutations were found in 42.6% (72/169) of the subjects, several of which were escape mutations. The mutational frequencies in the a-determinant and first loop (AA124-137) were higher in genotype C than genotype B. Pregnant women with MHR mutations showed increased alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels and decreased HBV loads.

Conclusions
The HBV seroprevalence among pregnant women in Huzhou was intermediate. MHR mutations occur and the risk of MTCT still persists. Therefore, early screening, intervention and care for HBV-infected pregnant women should be strengthened to minimize or prevent MTCT of HBV.
Dose-response modelling of endemic coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2: human challenge trials reveal the individual variation in susceptibility
Authors: Miura Fuminari , Klinkenberg Don , Wallinga Jacco 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe propose a mathematical framework to analyze and interpret the outcomes of human challenge trials. We present plausible infection risks with HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2 over a wide range of infectious dose, and suggest ways to improve the design of future trials and to translate its outcomes to the general population.One sentence summaryWe rephrase dose-response models in terms of heterogeneity in susceptibility in order to present the possible range of infection risks for endemic coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2
Allelic expression imbalance in articular cartilage and subchondral bone refined genome-wide association signals in osteoarthritis
Authors: Coutinho de Almeida Rodrigo , Tuerlings Margo , Ramos Yolande , Den Hollander Wouter , Suchiman Eka , Lakenberg Nico , Nelissen Rob (RGHH) , Mei Hailiang , Meulenbelt Ingrid 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related joint disease with a strong and complex genetic component. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) discovered a large number of genomic regions associated with OA. Nevertheless, to link associated genetic variants affecting the expression of OA-risk genes in relevant tissues remains a challenge. Here, we showed an unbiased approach to identify transcript single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of OA risk loci by allelic expression imbalance (AEI). We used RNA sequencing of articular cartilage (N = 65) and subchondral bone (N= 24) from OA patients. AEI was determined for all genes present in the 100 regions reported by GWAS catalog. The count fraction of the alternative allele (φ) was calculated for each heterozygous individual with the risk-SNP or with the SNP in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with it. Furthermore, a meta-analysis was performed to generate a meta-φ (null hypothesis median φ=0.49) and P-value for each SNP. We identified 30 transcript SNPs subject to AEI (28 in cartilage and 2 in subchondral bone). Notably, 10 transcript SNPs were located in genes not previously reported in the GWAS catalogue, including two long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs), MALAT1 (meta-φ=0.54, FDR=1.7×10−4) and ILF3-DT (meta-φ=0.6, FDR=1.75×10-5). Moreover, 14 drugs were interacting with 7 genes displaying AEI, of which 7 drugs has been already approved. By prioritizing proxy transcript SNPs that mark AEI in cartilage and/or subchondral bone at loci harboring GWAS signals, we present an unbiased approach to identify the most likely functional OA risk-SNP and gene. We identified 10 new potential OA risk genes ready for further, translation towards underlying biological mechanisms.
Monogenetic rare diseases in biomedical databases and text mining
Authors: Nesterova Anastasia , Klimov Eugene , Sozin Sergey , Sobolev Vladimir , Linsley Peter , Golovatenko-Abramov Pavel 
Published: April 2022

1AbstractThe testing of pharmacological hypotheses becomes faster and more accurate, but at the same time more difficult than even two decades ago. It takes more time to collect and analyse disease mechanisms and experimental facts in various specialized resources. We discuss a new approach to aggregating individual pieces of information about a single disease using Elsevier’s automated text mining technology. Developed algorithm allows for the collection of published facts in a unified format starting only with the name of the disease. The special template, which combines research and clinical descriptions of diseases was developed. The approach was tested, and information was collected for 55 rare monogenic diseases. Clinical, molecular, and pharmacological characteristics of diseases with supporting references from the literature are available in the form of tables and files. Manually curated templates for 10 rare diseases, including top ranked Cystic Fibrosis and Huntington’s disease, were published to demonstrate the results of the described approach.
Predictors of Developmental Defects of Enamel in the Primary Maxillary Central Incisors using Bayesian Model Selection
Authors: Reed Susan G. , Fan Sijian , Wagner Carol L. , Lawson Andrew B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLocalized non-inheritable developmental defects of tooth enamel (DDE) are classified as enamel hypoplasia (EH), opacity (OP) and post-eruptive breakdown (PEB) using the Enamel Defects Index. To better understand the etiology of DDE, and in particular possibly modifiable variables, we assessed the linkages amongst exposome variables during the specific time duration of the development of the DDE. In general, the human primary central maxillary incisor teeth develop between 13-14 weeksin uteroand 3-4 weeks’ postpartum of a full-term delivery, followed by tooth eruption at about 1 year of age. We utilized existing datasets of mother and child dyad data that encompassed 12 weeks’ gestation through birth and early infancy, and child DDE outcomes from digital images of the erupted primary maxillary central incisor teeth. We applied a Bayesian modeling paradigm to assess the important predictors of EH, OP, and PEB. The results of Gibbs variable selection showed a key set of predictors: mother’s pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI); maternal serum levels of calcium and phosphorus at gestational week 28; child’s gestational age; and both mother’s and child’s functional vitamin D deficiency (FVDD). In this sample of healthy mothers and children, significant predictors for OP included the child having a gestational period > 36 weeks and FVDD at birth, and for PEB included a mother’s pre-pregnancy BMI < 21.5 and higher serum phosphorus level at week 28.
Disentangling the rhythms of human activity in the built environment for airborne transmission risk: an analysis of large-scale mobility data
Authors: Susswein Zachary , Rest Eva C. , Bansal Shweta 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSince the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic, substantial public attention has focused on the role of seasonality in impacting transmission. Misconceptions have relied on seasonal mediation of respiratory diseases driven solely by environmental variables. However, seasonality is expected to be driven by host social behavior, particularly in highly susceptible populations. A key gap in understanding the role of social behavior in respiratory disease seasonality is our incomplete understanding of the seasonality of indoor human activity.MethodsWe leverage a novel data stream on human mobility to characterize activity in indoor versus outdoor environments in the United States. We use an observational mobile app-based location dataset encompassing over 5 million locations nationally. We classify locations as primarily indoor (e.g. stores, offices) or outdoor (e.g. playgrounds, farmers markets), disentangling location-specific visits into indoor and outdoor, to arrive at a fine-scale measure of indoor to outdoor human activity across time and space.ResultsWe find the proportion of indoor to outdoor activity during a baseline year is seasonal, peaking in winter months. The measure displays a latitudinal gradient with stronger seasonality at northern latitudes and an additional summer peak in southern latitudes. We statistically fit this baseline indoor-outdoor activity measure to inform the incorporation of this complex empirical pattern into infectious disease dynamic models. However, we find that the disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic caused these patterns to shift significantly from baseline, and the empirical patterns are necessary to predict spatiotemporal heterogeneity in disease dynamics.ConclusionsOur work empirically characterizes, for the first time, the seasonality of human social behavior at a large scale with high spatiotemporal resolution, and provides a parsimonious parameterization of seasonal behavior that can be included in infectious disease dynamics models. We provide critical evidence and methods necessary to inform the public health of seasonal and pandemic respiratory pathogens and improve our understanding of the relationship between the physical environment and infection risk in the context of global change.FundingResearch reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under award number R01GM123007.
Addition of formaldehyde releaser imidazolidinyl urea and MOPS buffer to urine samples enables delayed processing for flow cytometric analysis of urinary cells
Authors: Freund Paul , Skopnik Christopher M. , Metzke Diana , Goerlich Nina , Klocke Jan , Grothgar Emil , Prskalo Luka , Hiepe Falk , Enghard Philipp 
Published: April 2022

AbstractKidney diseases are a major health concern worldwide. Currently there is a large unmet need for novel biomarkers to non-invasively diagnose and monitor kidney diseases. Urinary cells are promising biomarkers and their analysis by flow cytometry has demonstrated its utility in diverse clinical settings. However, up to date this methodology depends on fresh samples, as cellular event counts and the signal-to-noise-ratio deter over time.Here we developed an easy-to-use two-step preservation method for conservation of urine samples for subsequent flow cytometry. The protocol utilizes a combination of the formaldehyde releasing agent imidazolidinyl urea (IU) and MOPS buffer, leading to gentle fixation of urinary cells. The preservation method increases acceptable storing time of urine samples from several hours to up to 6 days. Cellular event counts and staining properties of cells remain comparable to fresh untreated samples.The hereby presented preservation method facilitates future investigations on flow cytometry of urinary cells as potential biomarkers and may enable broad implementation in clinical practice.