bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two missense variants of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene are associated with non small cell lung carcinoma in the Iraqi population
Authors: Lawi Zahraa K , Al-Shuhaib Mohammed Baqur S , Amara Ibtissem Ben , Alkhammas Ahmed H 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Lung carcinoma is a foremost cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Variable genetic factors are associated with the development of lung malignancy. This study was performed to evaluate the possible association between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene polymorphisms and non small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) in Iraqi population. Methods DNA samples were extracted from 100 patients and 100 controls. Four PCR fragments were designed to amplify four high-frequency variants within EGFR, namely rs1050171, rs2072454, rs2227984, and rs2227983. The PCR fragments were genotyped by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method, and each genotype was exposed to direct sequencing. Results Genotyping experiments confirmed the variability of three targeted variants, and logistic regression analysis showed that two of these variants (rs1050171 and rs2227983) exhibited a significant association with NSCLC. Individuals with rs1050171:GA genotype showed a significant association with the increased risk of NSCLC (P=0.0110; OD 5.2636; Cl95% 1.4630 to 18.9371). Individuals with rs2227983:GG genotype exhibited a highly significant association with NSCLC (P=0.0037; OD 5.2683; Cl95% 1.7141 to 16.1919). Linkage disequilibrium analysis showed that the effects of the investigated variants are independent of each other. Conclusions Our collective data indicated that EGFR-rs1050171G/A and EGFR-rs2227983G/G SNPs exerted significant and independent association with the increased risk of NSCLC. This study suggests employing both rs1050171 and rs2227983 SNPs as informative diagnostic markers for the early detection of NSCLC in the study population.
Adaptations of anatomical teaching during Covid 19 at the University Complutense of Madrid
Authors: ARRAEZ-AYBAR LUIS-A. , Garcia-de-Pereda-Notario CM , Maldonado-Bautista E. , Catón J , Martinez-Sanz E , Garcia-Gómez S , Murillo-González JA , Barrio-Asensio C , Virto-Ruiz L , García-Serradilla M , Mérida-Velasco JR 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To present the activities carried out in the Department of Anatomy and Embryology at the University Complutense of Madrid on the occasion of the experience accumulated due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the results of the students' evaluation about the material designed after the experience.Introduction: The restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic meant the transition to online procedures through the MOODLE platform, for the theoretical teaching, practical teaching and final evaluation of some of the subjects taught by our Department in several degrees; as Medicine, Occupational Therapy, Physiotherapy and Podiatry. In anticipation that the following academic year 2020-21 would be fully affected, a series of own teaching materials were developed, such as the elaboration of theory and practice scripts that incorporated images of anatomical models, prosections, radiological anatomy and ultrasound anatomy. The scopes of this innovation were evaluated by studentsMethods: An online survey was created through Google Forms. The students' perception about the usefulness of the innovated material was evaluated using a Likert-type scale with a maximum of ‘5 points’. Results and Discussion: Three hundred and forty six students participated in a variable number according to degrees. The highest average scores corresponded to Podiatry and Occupational Therapy, both presented significant differences with the other three students’ subgroups (p<.0001). The lowest average score corresponded to Medicine second-academic year which presented significance with the other four students’ subgroups (p<.0001). The shortcomings of the educational system at the University Complutense of Madrid revealed by the Covid19 pandemic were also analyzed.
Developing virtual fingerprint: identifying trustworthy interaction behaviors of web users
Authors: Li Jiajia , Yi Qian , Yi Shuping , Zhu Pengxing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Trustworthy interaction refers to the interaction process between human and network information systems that is believable and credible. In recent years, network security events frequently happened caused by human-web interaction lacking trustworthiness, which brings about some security risks such as private information leakage, resource abuse, property or reputation loss, etc. It is a significant network security concern threatening people. The problem is typically approached from the viewpoint of identifying the trustworthiness of the credentials submitted by interactors. There are little few studies that have addressed it in terms of the trustworthiness of the interaction behavior by interactors. We propose that the interaction behavior pattern of interactors on the website is a virtual fingerprint (VF) to discriminate the trustworthiness of the identity based on relevant psychological and behavioral theories. Using 481,838 weblog data from a travel service website, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed VF. First, the individual differences in interaction behavior of interactors on the website are characterized by numerical analysis and statistical inference. Then, 15 interaction behavior features are constructed from weblogs to create a VF, which can discriminate the trustworthiness of the identity by identifying the interaction behaviors of the interactors on the website. Of these, a machine learning algorithm (i.e., the eXtreme gradient boosting) is applied to build the identification model for interaction behaviors. The results show that the VF proposed in this study has better discrimination of trustworthiness compared to those approaches that use other kinds of behavior features. And, the eXtreme gradient boosting used performs more efficiently than the algorithm of Decision Tree and Random Forest. Specifically, the errors of discriminating both untrustworthy and trustworthy identities are as low as 0.19% and 3.30%, respectively. Also, the accuracy of identifying interaction behaviors is as good as 99.63%.
Observed and projected changes in urbanization and nature conservation in a typical fast growing city of Ethiopia, Jimma
Authors: Aticho Abebayehu , Beyene Abebe , Zelelew Shimelis Aynalem , Nigussie Abebe , Gutema Tariku Mekonnen , Bakkestuen Vegar , Chala Desalegn 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Urbanization threatens biodiversity mostly in developing nations where rural-urban migration is high and urban planning is poor to consider nature conservation. Lacks of adequate information on how to integrate urban expansion and nature conservaion is aggravating environmental problems and making mitigatory actions difficult. Here we quantified how Jimma city, a typical fast growing city in Ethiopia, expanded over the past 35 years, predicted change for the next 50 years and mapped priority areas for conservation. Landsat satellite images of 1985 and 2020 were used to map major land cover types and to quantify temporal changes during this period. We used Markov chain model to predict changes over the next 50 years and GIS-based multi-criteriato identify conservation priority areas. Our finding showed adverse effect of urban expansion on the natural habitats. Over the past three decades, built-up areas were expanded by sevenfold (721%; 2227 ha) while croplands were expanded by 34% (4155 ha). In contrast, a substantial shrinking noticed to the natural habitats: forest cover declined by 39% (5209 ha), grass land by 20% (655 ha) and wetland by 28% (638 ha). Our projection of the current trend to the next 50 years indicated the built-up areas may further increase by fourfold (436%; 13565 ha). However, open water, wetland, natural forest and cropland are predicted to decline by 81% (120 ha), 40% (660 ha), 42% (3455 ha) and 55% (8848 ha), respectively. Under current rate of population growth and rural-urban migrations, urban expansion is inevitable. Our study indicated the importance of delineating at least 9040 ha (28%) of the land within city administration which we categorized as high and very high priority areas for conservation of biodiversity. To build inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable cities, the urban administrations in developing nations are in need of sound policy, strategies, and planning that support the integration of urban development and nature conservation especially maintaining the existing key biodiversity areas.
COVID-19 vaccines breakthrough infection and adverse reactions in medical students: A nationwide survey in Iran
Authors: Allahgholipour Amirreza , Rosstami-Nejad Mohammad , Safavi-Naini Seyed Amir Ahmad , Rostami Hossein Nazary , Honarvar Mohamad Javad , Mohammadi Mohammad , Khalili Parnian , Ilaghi Mehran , Afshar Hossein , Baghbadorani Ali Amini , Moghimi Hamid Reza , Goorabi Alireza Chamani , Mehrparvar Amirreza , Safari Mehdi , Nakhli Ashraf Sadat , Mahmoudabadi Mohammad , Seifadini Adib , Shaikhansari Sobhan , Khojastehfar Sadaf , Mahdavi Parisa , Mohammadi Maede , Barzideh Siyamak Ashrafi , Akbarzadeh Nadia , Ahmadigol Adel , Zali Alireza , Moghadam Seyed Hosein Delavarpour , Barary Mohammad , Emamhadi MohammadAli 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the rate of COVID-19 breakthrough infection and adverse events in medical students.Methods: Iranian medical students receiving two doses of COVID-19 vaccines were included in this retrospective cohort study. The medical team gathered the demographic characteristics, comorbidities, type of vaccine, adverse events following vaccination, and history of COVID-19 infection data through a phone interview. The frequency of adverse events and breakthrough infection was stratified by vaccine type (ChAdOx1-S, Gam-COVID-Vac, and BIBP-CorV).Results: A total of 3591 medical students enrolled in this study, of which 57.02% were females, with a mean age of 23.31 + 4.87. A PCR-confirmed and suspicious-for-COVID-19 breakthrough infection rate of 4.51% and 7.02% was detected, respectively. There was no significant relation between breakthrough infection and gender, BMI, blood groups, and comorbidities. However, there was a significant difference in breakthrough infection rate among different types of vaccines (P=0.001) and history of COVID-19 infection (P=0.001). A total of 16 participants were hospitalized for COVID-19 infection, and no severe infection or death was observed in the studied population.Conclusion: Vaccination prevented severe COVID-19 infection, although a high breakthrough infection rate was evident among Iran medical students during the Delta variant’s peak. Vaccine effectiveness may be fragile during emerging new variants and in high-exposure settings. Moreover, adverse events are rare, and the benefits of vaccination outweigh the side effects. However, many limitations challenged this study, and the results should be cautious.
Polygenic risk scores associated with tumor immune infiltration in common cancers
Authors: Choi Jungyoon , Kim Jung Sun , Sung Hwa Jung , Chen Yu-Wei , Chen Zhishan , Wen Wanqing , Shu Xiao-ou , Zheng Wei , Guo Xingyi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
It is largely unknown whether genetic susceptibility contributes to tumor immune infiltration in common cancers. We systematically investigated the association between polygenic risk scores (PRS) and tumor immune infiltration in common cancers.
Methods
We constructed PRS for common cancers using the risk variants identified in previous genome-wide association studies. We analyzed 139 immune traits predicted by previous studies by examining gene expression data in tumor tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We applied multivariable regression analyses to evaluate the associations between PRS and immune traits for each cancer overall and stratified by intrinsic molecular subtypes for breast cancer and stage.
Results
We included 2,160 pathologically confirmed cases of breast, colorectal, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancers in the White population. At a nominal (P < 0.05) significance level, we identified 31 significant associations between PRS and immune traits in prostate cancer (14), colorectal cancer (5), breast cancer (4), lung squamous cell carcinoma (4), lung adenocarcinoma (2), ovarian cancer (1), and pancreatic cancer (1). In the analyses stratified by intrinsic molecular subtypes for breast cancer, we identified 35 significant associations, including 31 associations that were undetected by the overall analysis. In the analyses stratified by stage for breast, colorectal, lung adenocarcinoma, and lung squamous cell carcinoma, we identified 65 significant associations, including 56 associations that were undetected by the overall analysis.
Conclusions
This study shows the evidence of PRS affecting immune infiltration and provides novel insights into the role of genetic susceptibility in the immune responses underlying cancer development and prognosis.
Bartonella Neuroretinitis Following Dog Bite: an Uncommon Case of Non- Feline Related Cat Scratch Disease and Review of Literature
Authors: Rahim Fadzilah Hanim , Tajunisah Iqbal , Kamalden Tengku A , Lott Pooi Wah 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Neuroretinitis is the most common form of ocular Cat Scratch Disease (CSD), caused by bacterium Bartonella Henselae, commonly transmitted to human via cat’s scratch or bite. We describe a case of Bartonella neuroretinitis with occlusive vasculitis without history of feline exposure. Case Presentation: A healthy 28 year-old man presented with unilateral acute visual loss following a dog bite and diagnosed as bartonella neuroretinitis with occlusive vasculitis, with subsequent recurrence. Retinal imaging included colour fundal photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Patient improved upon commencement of oral azithromycin combined with prednisolone. Our literature review revealed 9 cases of serology confirmed Bartonella-associated neuroretinitis following direct contact with non-feline mammals (dog, guinea pig, ferret, hedgehog, raccoon), tick and bull ant.Conclusion: Due to its variable mode of transmission, the diagnosis of Cat Scratch Disease and Bartonella-associated neuroretinitis should be considered despite absence of feline exposure.
Statistical optimization of media composition and fermentation conditions for improved production of novel antimicrobial compound by Geotrichum candidum OMON-1
Authors: Omeike S. O. , Kareem S. O. , Bamigbade G. B. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Optimization of fermentation conditions is important for increased compound production and use of statistical designs could improve efficiency of the process. Optimization of nutritional and environmental requirements for increased GP-2B production by Geotrichum candidum OMON-1 in tryptose soy broth (TSB) at flask level using two-level factorial tool in Design Expert (DE) software was investigated. Using 1/8th factorial and design resolution IV, pre-determined low and high levels of tryptone, pH, peptone, sodium chloride, dextrose, agitation, fermenter volume and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate were considered in 16 randomized experimental runs. Antimicrobial activity (Response) of bioextract from each experimental run against Staphylococcus aureus was determined via agar well-diffusion. Fermentation proceeded in both DE-optimized and standard TSB medium and concentration (peak height) of HPLC-purified GP-2B compared. Highest antimicrobial activity (21 mm) was achieved at Run 13 (high tryptone (25 g/L), peptone (8 g/L), NaCl (25 g/L), agitation (150 rpm); low pH (5.5), dextrose (2 g/L), K2HPO4 (2 g/L), fermenter volume (40%)). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Half-normal plot described tryptone (48.04%), tryptone-agitation interaction (19.85%), dextrose (-1.75; 12.01%) and pH (8.82%) as significant contributors to fermentation, while tryptone (+ 3.5) and dextrose (-1.75) had best and most detrimental influence respectively. A curved 3D response surface plot was obtained, with concentration and activity against S. aureus of GP-2B from optimized conditions (3.143 x 108; 21 mm) higher than at normal conditions (2.869 x 108; 19.5 mm). The two factorial design successfully improved fermentation requirements for increased GP-2B production by G. candidum OMON-1.
MFVT: Multilevel Feature Fusion Vision Transformer and RAMix Data Augmentation for Fine-grained Visual Categorization
Authors: Lv Xinyao , Xia Hao , Li Na , Li Xudong , Bai Chengjie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The introduction and application of the Vision Transformer (ViT) has promoted the development of fine-grained visual categorization (FGVC). However, there are some problems with directly applying ViT to FGVC tasks. ViT only classifies using the class token in the last layer, ignoring the local and low-level features necessary for FGVC. We propose a ViT-based multilevel feature fusion transformer (MFVT) for FGVC tasks. In this framework, with reference to ViT, the backbone network adopts 12 layers of Transformer blocks, divides it into four stages, and adds multilevel feature fusion (MFF) between Transformer layers. We also design RAMix, a CutMix-based data augmentation strategy that uses the resize strategy for crop-paste images and label assignment based on attention. Experiments on the CUB-200-2011, Stanford Dogs, and iNaturalist 2017 datasets gave competitive results, especially on the challenging iNaturalist 2017, with an accuracy rate of 72.6%.
The Alzheimer risk factor CD2AP causes dysfunction of the brain vascular network
Authors: Vandal Milene , Institoris Adam , Korin Ben , Gunn Colin , Suzie Lee , Lee Jiyeon , Bourassa Philippe , Mishra Ramesh , Peringod Govind , Jiang Yulan , Hirai Sotaro , Belzil Camille , Reveret Louise , Tremblay Cyntia , Hashem Mada , Meilandt William , Foreman Oded , Rouse-Girma Meron , Nicola Wilten , Körbelin Jakob , Dunn Jeff F. , Braun Andrew , Bennett David , Gordon Grant , Calon Frédéric , Shaw Andrey , Nguyen Minh Dang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Genetic variations in CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) predispose to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we show that a cerebrovascular loss of CD2AP in AD is associated with cognitive decline and genetic downregulation of CD2AP in brain microvessels impairs memory function in two distinct mouse models. The memory deficits are linked to reduced cerebral blood flow during resting state and altered neurovascular coupling in pial vessels, arterioles and capillaries. In brain endothelial cells, CD2AP regulates the levels and signaling of ApoE receptor 2 (ApoER2). Activation of the CD2AP-ApoER2 pathway with Reelin glycoprotein mitigates the toxic effects of Aβ on capillary blood flow and on vasomotion of arterioles depleted of CD2AP. We propose that deregulation of CD2AP perturbs distinct segments of the brain vascular network, and harnessing the biology of specific brain vessel types may offer refined therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AD.
Breaking the bandwidth limit of a high-quality-factor ring modulator based on thin-film lithium niobate
Authors: Xue Yu , Gan Ranfeng , Chen Kaixuan , Chen Gengxin , Ruan Ziliang , Zhang Junwei , Liu Jie , Dai Daoxin , Guo Changjian , Liu Liu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Growing global data traffic requires high-performance modulators with a compact size, a large bandwidth, a low optical loss, and a small power consumption. A careful trade-off among these parameters usually has to be made when designing such a device. Here, we propose and demonstrate an electro-optic ring modulator on the thin-film lithium niobate platform without compromising between any performances. The device exhibits a low on-chip loss of about -0.15dB with a high intrinsic Q-factor of 7.7×105. Since a pure coupling modulation is employed, the photon life-time is no longer a limiting factor for the modulation speed. A large electro-optic bandwidth is obtained without any roll-off up to 67 GHz. The device, with a footprint of 3.4 mm×0.7 mm, also exhibits a low half-wave voltage of 1.75 V, corresponding to a half-wave voltage length product of 0.35 V∙cm considering the 2-mm long modulation section. Driverless data transmission up to 240 Gb/s is also demonstrated.
Green synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial activity, and in vitro antiproliferative effect of Ru/Ag/Pd nanocomposite
Authors: Hussein Shaimaa , Mahmoud Ayman M. , Elgebaly Hassan A. , Hendawy Omnia M. , Hassanein Emad H. M. , Moustafa Shaima M. N. , Alotaibi Nasser F. , Nassar Amr M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Green synthesis of nanocomposite ruthenium/silver/palladium (Ru/Ag/Pd)-Np was carried out using garlic leaves extract for the reduction of equal quantities of ruthenium nitrate, silver nitrate, and palladium acetate. Some physico-chemical approaches were used to characterize the Nps, including infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). XRD revealed that the crystal size of the nanocomposite was 15.67 nm. After removing all of the precursor's anionic portions, TGA revealed a straight line, confirming the creation of a composite metallic form. Due to metal-metal interactions and the absence of typical bands of acetate and nitrate groups, IR spectra revealed faint multiple bands in the far infrared range. The antimicrobial efficacy of the nanocomposite was examined against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillu niger, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus. The results showed a potent antimicrobial activity toward all tested microorganisms. UV irradiation greatly improved the antiproliferative efficacy of the nanocomposite against HepG2, Caco2, and K562 cancer cell types. After UV exposure, (Ru/Ag/Pd)-Np also caused Caco2 cells' cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and necrosis. In conclusion, Ru/Ag/Pd-Np exhibits potent antimicrobial activity and antiproliferative efficacy against different cancer cell lines. The antiproliferative potential of Ru/Ag/Pd-Np was significantly improved following UV irradiation.
Tasks Scheduling in Cloud environment using PSO-BATS
Authors: Shaheen Anwar R , kumar Sundar Santhosh 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cloud computing plays an important role in the IT industry to deliver scalable resources as a service. Cloud users can virtually access resources over the internet. One of the most important factor to increase the performance and efficiency of the cloud server by maximizing resource utilization as task scheduling. The performance of the cloud mainly depends on resource management and optimally job scheduling. Task scheduling is a technique that defines the choosing of most appropriate resources for the execution of tasks which means the distribution of tasks on available resources by taking some parameters. The main advantage of this scheduling is to maximize the performance and minimize the time loss. There are various researchers are examined numerous scheduling methods to achieve QoS (Quality of Service) and to reduce execution time. However, it had the disadvantages of low throughput and high response time. The main objective of the proposed system is to schedule the task efficiently and to eliminate the faults in scheduling the tasks to the VMs. This research proposed the novel PSO-BATS with MLRHE (Multi-Layered Regression Host Employment) to sort out the issues of task scheduling and ease the scheduling operation with balancing of the load. The proposed efficient scheduling provides benefits to both cloud users and servers. The performance evaluation was done in terms of Makespan, cost, and PIR and found that the proposed method surpassed the other taken methods. In a comparative analysis, the proposed method proved that the best performance compared to existing methods.