bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-scale dynamo model for accretion disks
Authors: Peralta C. , Sraibman L. , Minotti F. 
Published: August 2022

Context. Magnetic fields in accretion disks play an important role in the rich dynamics of these systems. A dynamo theory describing the generation of these magnetic field is in general very complex and requires many assumptions in order to be of practical use. In this respect, a theory with as few assumptions as possible is desirable.
Aims. To investigate the generation of magnetic fields in accretion disks around magnetized central objects, a large-scale dynamo model is employed that includes feedback effects on the mass motion due to the Lorentz force. The dynamo model was developed from the fundamental magnetohydrodynamics equations with a minimum of hypothesis, and was tested in the case of the Sun and other stars. It is applied to accretion disks for the first time.
Methods. The magnetic field in the disk, generated by the mentioned dynamo theory, was matched to that of the central object, considered dipolar, and to that of a magnetosphere described with the Grad–Shafranov equation. The relation between axial current and magnetic flux required in the Grad–Shafranov equation was not imposed, but was self-consistently determined along with the full solution.
Results. The model is able to reproduce the patterns of magnetic field lines obtained in several works, such as closed magnetic lines near the central object and open lines for larger radii. The maximum value of the field is located near the internal radius of the accretion disk, where the currents in the disk force the concentration of field lines of the central object in the magnetosphere around this region. By varying the values of stellar mass, stellar magnetic field, mass accretion rate, and internal radius of the disk, it is found that the stellar magnetic field is the most important parameter in the determination of the disk magnetic field. The stellar mass is of secondary importance. It affects the azimuthal component of the disk magnetic field. The internal radius of the disk affects the disk zonal magnetic field and is likewise less important.
Clinical Experience with the New EASY (Endoscopic Approach to the Symphysis) Preparation Technique for Injuries of the Anterior Pelvic Ring
Authors: Küper Markus Alexander , Stöckle Ulrich , Stuby Fabian , Trulson Alexander 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background High-energy injuries of the anterior pelvic ring and especially disruptions of the pubic symphysis usually require surgical stabilization. There is a conflict between
biomechanical stability and size in the surgical approach. We have previously presented a minimally invasive approach for symphyseal plating.
Methods Our current endoscopic surgical technique is presented step-by-step and is illustrated in a video. The results and courses of the first seven patients treated with the EASY
preparation are presented.
Results In all seven patients, the EASY preparation was successful. In four of the seven patients with an anterior pelvic ring injury, we performed a complete endoscopic plate
osteosynthesis of the pubic symphysis. One patient gave consent only for endoscopic preparation, in one patient, we converted to open plate due to ventilation problems, and in one patient,
the superior pubic rami fracture was stable. There were no surgical complications.
Conclusion The EASY is a feasible minimally invasive preparation technique to stabilize anterior pelvic ring injuries in the most biomechanically stable manner by performing plate
osteosynthesis. However, further scientific monitoring is necessary to improve the technique and validate our data.
Explosion dynamics of thin flat foils at high current density
Authors: Shelkovenko T. A. , Tilikin I. N. , Pikuz S. A. , Mingaleev A. R. , Romanova V. M. , Atoyan L. , Hammer D. A. 
Published: August 2022

This paper presents characteristic features of the explosion of thin flat foils for currents and pulse risetimes ranging from 8 kA at 350 ns to 1000 kA at ∼100 ns. Foils made of aluminum, copper, nickel, and titanium with thicknesses of 1–100 µm are tested. Various diagnostics in the optical, UV, and x-ray spectral ranges are used to image the exploding foils from initial breakdown to complete destruction or pinching. It is shown that foil explosion is a complex process that depends on many factors, but features common to all foils are found that do not depend on the parameters of the generators or, accordingly, on the energy deposited in the foil: for example, the breakdown of flat foils under different conditions occurs at the edges of the foil. For the first time, the formation of a precursor over the central part of the foil is shown, which significantly changes the dynamics of the foil explosion.
Intellectual property rights and access to agbiotech by developing countries
Authors: Mayer Jorge E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This review addresses the issue of whether global intellectual property protection regimes are hindering access to agricultural biotechnologies by developing countries. It is assumed that harmonization of worldwide legislation and regulations on intellectual property rights will continue. As such, emphasis is placed on the ways in which developing countries are or should be dealing with these issues. Opportunities arising from an increased availability of information and from little obstruction by patents in the developing world most often do not compensate for the lack of capacity and infrastructure to absorb the technologies. Capacity building is needed in the scientific as much as in the legal aspects of agbiotech in order to take advantage of those opportunities.
Suppression of ruminal methanogenesis by decreasing the substrates available to methanogenic bacteria.
Authors: Hino T. , Asanuma N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Methanogenesis in the rumen is one way of disposing of reducing equivalents and facilitating the oxidation of energy substrates. Direct inhibition of methanogenic bacteria often depresses overall ruminal fermentation and fibre digestion. When low-fibre diets are fed, ruminal methanogenesis generally decreases. Yet, it is desirable to utilize fibre maximally for improved ruminant production. Addition of polyether ionophores, such as monensin, to feed reduces methanogenesis, but ionophores also depress fibre digestion and protozoal growth. The beneficial effects of ionophores are of short duration. Thus, careful use of these ionophores is recommended. Fatty acids, especially unsaturated fatty acids, reduce methanogenesis, but also depress fibre digestion and protozoal growth. Therefore, limited amounts of fats and oils should be used as feed additives. It is more desirable to reduce methanogenesis by decreasing the substrates for methanogenesis, mainly H
2
. Theoretically, ruminal H
2
can be decreased by decreasing H
2
production or increasing H
2
utilization by way of increasing electron-accepting reactions in the rumen. The fermentation pathways leading to propionate production include electron-accepting reactions. Hence, it follows that the augmentation of propionate production results in a decrease in H
2
. In fact, addition of fumarate to cattle feed increased ruminal propionate production and decreased methanogenesis. Propionate production could also be augmented by altering the fermentation pathway in specific bacteria. Another important electron-accepting reaction is nitrate reduction to ammonia. In this series of reactions, nitrite reduction is the limiting step. Therefore, stimulation of nitrite reduction is one potential avenue for directing reducing equivalents away from methanogenesis. Reductive acetogenesis also involves H
2
-utilizing reactions, but acetogenic bacteria are present in lower numbers in the rumen and have a lower affinity for H
2
than methanogenic bacteria. Further research into methods for reducing methane production efficiently is needed, in view of the problems involved. A combination of various methods may be the approach to suppress methanogenesis with the least adverse effect. Control of bacterial fermentation and metabolism, as well as the use of specific bacteria as probiotics, will be important goals in future research.
Mechanisms involved in the regulation of intestinal iron absorption.
Authors: Sharp P. A. , Qureshi M. A. , Qureshi M. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Iron is one of the most abundant metals in the human body. However, it is only recently that many of the molecular mechanisms involved in the absorption and metabolism of this essential trace element have been elucidated. Dietary non-haem iron is absorbed via the divalent metal transporter (DMT1) following conversion from Fe(III) to Fe(II) by both dietary reducing agents and the endogenous ferric reductase Dcytb. Efflux of iron into the plasma is achieved by the IREG1 protein working in concert with a ferrioxidase, hephaestin to allow Fe(III) to be loaded onto transferrin for onward transport in the plasma. Current consensus suggests that the regulation of intestinal iron absorption relies on signals generated in the main sites of iron storage (the liver) and utilization (the bone marrow) to indicate body iron status, which together co-ordinate intestinal uptake with body requirement. This information, conveyed by factors such as transferrin saturation and serum levels of hepcidin, is integrated by the duodenal crypt cells, which act as iron sensors and pre-programme the level of expression of the iron transport proteins relative to body iron status. Recent data suggest that mature enterocytes also possess significant plasticity and can respond rapidly (within minutes to a few hours) to local changes in dietary iron levels, fine-tuning absorption to efficiently match the body's metabolic requirements. DMT1 expression is also down-regulated by other heavy metals thought to be substrates for this transporter. This may be an adaptive mechanism to avoid toxic build up of these metals in the body.
Canola in pig nutrition: a South African perspective.
Authors: Brand T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article reviews the chemical composition, amino acid profiles, fatty acid profiles, and mineral content of full-fat canola, solvent-extracted and expeller-extracted canola meal. The relatively high fibre content as well as the presence of non-starch polysaccharides is discussed. The importance of the presence of anti-nutritional factors like glucosinolates, sinapine, phytic acid, tannins and erucic acid is also discussed. Results of studies with pigs on the palatability of full-fat, expeller-extracted and solvent-extracted canola and production of pigs given diets with different levels of full-fat canola and canola oilcake are presented and compared with studies performed in other countries. Maximum recommended inclusion levels are given and the relative value of these feed sources calculated. Certain recommendations when including full-fat canola and canola oilcake in pig diets are also given.
High-energy diets for reproductive rabbit does: effect of energy source.
Authors: Pascual J. J. , Cervera C. , Blas E. , Fernández-Carmona J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The main energy diets developed and evaluated in recent decades for reproductive rabbit does are reviewed, with the emphasis on the effect of the energy source (animal fat, vegetable oil, and cereal starch) used. During gestation, energy supplementation of diets usually produces a decrease in feed intake due to energy intake regulation, but in some cases females are unable to regulate their feed intake with high-starch diets, leading to excessive energy intake. This overfeeding can cause fattening of does, sometimes related to greater pup mortality at birth. During lactation, reproductive rabbit does clearly increase their energy intake when fed with fat-enriched diets. This energy supplement is mainly utilized to increase their milk energy production (higher milk yield with a higher energy content), and higher litter growth and survival is consequently observed with fat-enriched diets. However, higher milk yield of these does is usually related to a greater negative energy balance and lower fertility values. In lactating does given cereal starch-enriched diets, primiparous rabbit does, whose voluntary intake is physically limited, usually show a higher energy intake, whereas multiparous does even decrease their energy intake. In any case, milk yield and composition of does given starch-enriched diets are not improved and may even worsen, negatively affecting litter performance and survival. However, does fed high-starch diets frequently present better energy balance during lactation as a consequence of their lower milk yield (lower lactation strain). Therefore, the addition of animal fat to the diet seems to improve the utilization of ingested energy for milk production, whereas the inclusion of higher dietary starch content can decrease the negative energy balance that reproductive rabbit does usually experience. The results obtained with vegetable oil-added diets are between those observed for animal fat- and starch-supplemented diets, showing similar milk production and litter performance but with lower body reserve depletion.
Grapevine genetic engineering: tool for genome analysis or plant breeding method? Which future for transgenic vines?
Authors: Bouquet A. , Torregrosa L. , Chatelet P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Though the production of transgenic grapevines for commercial release is not conceivable for another ten or fifteen years, the current interest focused on public hostility against food products from genetically modified plants has led to a slowdown in research on grapevine transformation, at least in European grape-growing countries. The usefulness of transgenic grapevine cultivars is questioned, in spite of the benefits for health and environment that could be derived through the reduced use of chemical sprays to protect grapevines genetically modified for higher resistance to or tolerance of pathogens. However, grapevine transformation is a valuable tool to understand the genetics and mechanisms of plant growth, development and metabolism. Thus, the availability of improved and efficient techniques of transformation is needed to sustain the current development of grapevine genomics.
Food systems during the COVID-19 pandemic: vulnerabilities, adaptations, and resilience
Authors: Hobbs Jill E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper reviews the emerging literature on food systems and food supply chains during the COVID-19 pandemic. Four themes are explored: consumer demand and retail market effects; supply-side shocks; food system and supply chain resilience; and developing countries and food insecurity. The effect of demand-side shocks is explored, including the sudden shift in expenditures from food service to food retail. Longer-run structural changes in the food retailing landscape include the expansion of online food delivery. The effect of supply-side shocks is examined extensively in the literature, including short-run adaptations as supply chains pivoted from the food service sector to food retail, along with supply-side disruptions due to labour force outbreaks of COVID-19. Resilience is a common theme in the literature, at both food system and food supply chain levels. While a variety of perspectives are offered, most assessments point to a surprising degree of resilience and adaptability, while identifying the points of vulnerability. The pandemic increased food insecurity through the effect on household incomes from reduced labour mobility, lockdowns, and a contraction in economic activity. These effects were particularly prominent among vulnerable populations in developing countries. Significant attention has been paid to the short- and medium-run effects of the pandemic on food systems, with further research needed to understand any longer-term structural changes that may arise. The COVID-19 pandemic offers lessons for the robustness of food systems and the importance of timely, well-informed policy responses in preparation for future global shocks.
Systematic study of the SU(3)
c
⊗SU(3)
L
⊗ U(1)
X
local gauge symmetry
Authors: Benavides Richard H , Giraldo Yithsbey , Muñoz Luis , Ponce William A , Rojas Eduardo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We review in a systematic way how anomaly free SU(3)
c
⊗ SU(3)
L
⊗ U(1)
x
models without exotic electric charges can be constructed, using as basis closed sets of fermions which includes each one the particles and antiparticles of all the electrically charged fields. Our analysis reproduces not only the known models in the literature, but also shows the existence of several more independent models for one and three families not considered so far. A phenomenological analysis of the new models is done, where the lowest limits at a 95% CL on the gauge boson masses are presented.
Spatial and spectral filtering strategies for surface phosphor thermometry measurements
Authors: Petit Sylvain , Xavier Pradip , Grisch Frédéric 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Intensity-ratio based phosphor thermometry is a well-established technique to obtain surface temperature measurements, which however suffers from important pixel-to-pixel noise, mainly due to the signal-dependent photon shot noise. In order to enhance signal-to-noise ratio levels, spatial filtering is recognized as a common post-processing routine, with the implication of strongly alleviating the spatial resolution (SR) of measurements. In this study, a dataset of phosphorescence images using Mg4FGeO6:Mn4+ thermographic particles and an ICCD camera is constituted. Various spatial filtering strategies are applied to these images, such as software pixel binning, moving average and Gaussian filters, in order to estimate their relative performances in terms of SR and temperature uncertainty. In addition, a Fourier space low-pass Butterworth filter is benchmarked against these common filters. Results show that the pixel binning strategy provides a limited improvement in the temperature uncertainty when compared to the loss in SR. Conversely, the Gaussian and moving average filters are found to effectively enhance the temperature uncertainty, though the 5th-order Butterworth filter is more selective, by providing an excellent mitigation of high-frequency noise with a minor attenuation of low-frequency information. Eventually, a joint spatial-spectral filtering strategy is investigated, which however does not present significant advantages compared to a sole filtering strategy.
Magnetic field computer interface based on Cartesian robot for practical demonstration of Ampere’s law in precollege courses
Authors: Calles-Arriaga Carlos A , López-Hernández Juan , Hernández-Ordoñez Martín , Nuño-Maganda Marco A , Ortiz-Moctezuma Manuel B , Rocha-Rangel Enrique 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Basic science courses, such as physics, are fundamental to precollege studies. For instance, in different engineering applications, electricity and magnetism require comprehending subjects such as electrical circuits and power electronics. However, abstract concepts such as electric or magnetic fields are often difficult to explain without visual tools. Computer programs designed for learning physics fundamentals are useful in this area because they allow the visualization, interaction and reinforcement of main concepts in a better way than using only blackboard. In this work, an interactive MATLAB based program to visualize a magnetic field in 3D was presented. The measurements were sampled by a computer-controlled Cartesian robot with a Hall effect sensor. The magnetic field was generated by an energized electromagnet to show the relationship between electricity and magnetism. The designed graphical user interface aims to stimulate interest in electromagnetism in precollege students.
Toward semi-automatic biologically effective dose treatment plan optimisation for Gamma Knife radiosurgery
Authors: Klinge Thomas , Talbot Hugues , Paddick Ian , Ourselin Sébastien , McClelland Jamie R , Modat Marc 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective. Dose-rate effects in Gamma Knife radiosurgery treatments can lead to varying biologically effective dose (BED) levels for the same physical dose. The non-convex BED model depends on the delivery sequence and creates a non-trivial treatment planning problem. We investigate the feasibility of employing inverse planning methods to generate treatment plans exhibiting desirable BED characteristics using the per iso-centre beam-on times and delivery sequence. Approach. We implement two dedicated optimisation algorithms. One approach relies on mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) using a purposely developed convex underestimator for the BED to mitigate local minima issues at the cost of computational complexity. The second approach (local optimisation) is faster and potentially usable in a clinical setting but more prone to local minima issues. It sequentially executes the beam-on time (quasi-Newton method) and sequence optimisation (local search algorithm). We investigate the trade-off between time to convergence and solution quality by evaluating the resulting treatment plans’ objective function values and clinical parameters. We also study the treatment time dependence of the initial and optimised plans using BED95 (BED delivered to 95% of the target volume) values. Main results. When optimising the beam-on times and delivery sequence, the local optimisation approach converges several orders of magnitude faster than the MILP approach (minutes versus hours–days) while typically reaching within 1.2% (0.02–2.08%) of the final objective function value. The quality parameters of the resulting treatment plans show no meaningful difference between the local and MILP optimisation approaches. The presented optimisation approaches remove the treatment time dependence observed in the original treatment plans, and the chosen objectives successfully promote more conformal treatments. Significance. We demonstrate the feasibility of using an inverse planning approach within a reasonable time frame to ensure BED-based objectives are achieved across varying treatment times and highlight the prospect of further improvements in treatment plan quality.
A joint image compression and encryption algorithm based on compression sensing and bit-plane embedding
Authors: Pan Tao , Tong Xiaojun , Zhang Miao , Wang Zhu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In medical, financial and other fields, the direct transmission of digital images in public channels is vulnerable to attacks and information leakage. In order to solve such problems, this paper proposes a new one-dimensional chaotic map. The information hiding visual security algorithm is based on the chaotic sequence diffusion image and bit plane decomposition technology, which greatly improves the visual security of the embedded image, and its structure and vision maintain a high degree of similarity with the carrier image. Firstly, a new one-dimensional chaotic map is proposed. The generated key stream can improve the randomness of the algorithm. Secondly, we optimize the measurement matrix to reduce the minimum coherence between the matrices and improve the reconstruction performance. Then we obtain the intermediate state cipher image through compression and encryption, and then embed the intermediate state cipher image by decomposing the carrier image bit plane, and finally obtain a visual security image. The experimental results show that, compared with the existing related literature, the algorithm has better reconstruction performance, security performance and operational efficiency.