bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluoride in Keeping Solutions Injures Cut Red Roses
Authors: Lohr Virginia I. , Pearson-Mims Caroline H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Many inorganic chemicals that commonly occur in drinking water are known to reduce the life of certain cut flowers (Hitchcock and Zimmerman, 1929). One ion that is very toxic to many cut flowers is fluoride (Spierings, 1969; Tjia et al., 1987; Waters, 1968). Fluoride occurs naturally in some water sources and is often added to drinking water to reduce tooth decay in humans. According to the National Revised Primary Drinking Water Regulation, which went into effect on 2 Oct. 1987, the maximum contaminant level for F- was raised from 2.4 to 4 mg liter-1 (U.S. Government, 1986). More cases of F- injury to plants may be seen in localized regions with this regulation change.
Treatments to Prevent Flower Abscission in Geraldton Wax
Authors: Joyce Daryl C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Flower abscission from the pedicel is a problem in postharvest handling of Geraldton wax (Chamelaucium uncinatum Schau., Myrtaceae). 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) dips or sprays (1) and silver thiosulfate pulsing (STS) (2) have been recommended to prevent flower abscission in Geraldton wax. NAA (40 μg·liter-1) dips are commonly used in Western Australia. This work was undertaken to determine whether NAA or STS is the more effective treatment for preventing ethylene-induced flower abscission in Geraldton wax.
‘Flordaglo’ Peach
Authors: Sherman W. B. , Lyrene P. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Flordaglo’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] is an attractive, high-quality, white-flesh peach released by the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station (Fig. 1). ‘Flordaglo’ is expected to replace the white-flesh ‘Flordared’ peach because it bears more attractive, firmer, and larger fruit. ‘Flordaglo’ is expected to be successful in home gardens and it should have commercial potential in areas where white-flesh peaches are acceptable in markets.
Belneb Rust Resistant-1 and -2 Great Northern Dry Bean Germplasm
Authors: Stavely J. R. , Steadman J. R. , Coyne D. P. , Lindgren D. T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Belneb Rust Resistant-1 and -2 (Belneb RR-1 and -2), are two medium-large, white-seeded, viney, Great Northern (GN) dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm lines and are the first dry bean lines homozygous for resistance to 33 races of the bean rust pathogen [Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.) Ungar var. appendiculatus] [= U. phaseoli (Reben) Wint.] recently identified (6, 7) from the United States and the Caribbean. These lines were approved for joint release by ARS/USDA, and the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station in Apr. 1988. Although nearly 200 races of U. appendiculatus have been identified worldwide (7), the 33 used here (races 38-70) are the only races virulent for several of the most broadly rust-resistant bean germplasm (6, 7).
Australian Floriculture–A Blooming
Authors: Joyce Daryl C. , Burton Neville W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The cut-flower and potted plant industries in Australia have traditionally been based on exotic species. However, native Australian plants have gradually assumed greater importance—particularly in the expanding export trade, but also on local markets. Floriculture is practiced in all Australian states, with the major production areas for exotic cut-flowers (e.g., roses, carnations) and potted plants being close to the state capital cities. The cultivation of native Australian flowers and of South African Proteaceae tends to be somewhat more decentralized.
Inconsistencies in the Use of Statistics in Horticultural Research
Authors: Padaki Padmanabh M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Despite the fact several papers have been published concerning the use and misuse of multiple comparison methods (MCM), one can still find examples of their misuses in recent issues of HortScience and the Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Three topics discussed below are: regression, multiple comparisons and contrasts, and factorial experiments.
Reply to Viewpoint
Authors: Allen Hammer P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The problem of statistics in horticultural research as reported in HortScience and the Journal is not unique to ASHS. Other societies are fighting the same battle. And certainly no one can disagree with Padaki’s comments. However, the question of inconsistencies in the use of statistics is a great deal more complex than he has stated. If all experiments could be easily analyzed as regression, multiple comparison and contrasts, and factorial experiments, the statistical issue would be greatly simplified. However, add to that list sampling, time (years), nonhomogeneity of variance, outliers, percent, transformation, subsamples, split-plots, interactions, unequal observations, dead plants, poorly designed experiments, lack of statistical consultants, poor access to statistical packages, etc. There is “no cookbook” to follow for every experiment nor do statisticians always agree on a single “correct” procedure. The problem is not easily solved.
Collecting Pyrus Germplasm in Romania, Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia
Authors: van der Zwet Tom , Cociu Vasile , Czarnecki Boleslaw , Nyeki Joseph , Blazek Jan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three plant exploration trips were made to Eastern Europe between 1976 and 1980 in search of domestic Pyrus germplasm in five countries between the Baltic and Adriatic Seas. This collection of pear (Pyrus spp.) germplasm in Romania, Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia was preceded by 279 accessions from Yugoslavia (16). Descriptions of Pyrus spp., method of budwood collection and shipment, and the care and maintenance of the plant material at the U.S. Plant Introduction Station, Glenn Dale, Md. were covered in ref. 16. Trees were exposed to natural infection by fire blight [Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winsl. et al.], Fabraea leaf spot (Entomosporium maculatum Lev.), and pear psylla (Cocopsylla pyricola Foerst.). In addition, evaluation of fruit size and a preliminary assessment of quality are being carried out. The most interesting accessions are being indexed for virus disorders before release.
Involving Alumni in Curriculum Evaluation
Authors: Trinklein David H. , Wells Judith A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A horticulture curriculum requires regular evaluation because of changing student needs. Traditionally, faculty have reviewed the curriculum and have made changes depending on their own observations. In recent years, an attempt has been made to improve this process by consulting others. For example, task forces in horticulture have been formed at the national level to assess groups representing education, government, business, and industry to determine student needs and establish curricular priorities (2).
Policy Issues Regarding Property Rights in Biological Inventions
Authors: Centner Terence J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Advances in biotechnology have led to the development of biological innovations that have been difficult to categorize and regulate under existing institutions. Considerable attention has been given to environmental issues regarding the release of organisms or materials into the environment, but more subtle issues concerning ownership and use of inventions pose additional challenges. Existing property-rights legislation is not completely amenable to recent inventions. Proposed and expected changes may lead to adjustments in breeding programs and market structure. Changed legislation also may present plant breeders and nurseries with opportunities for increased profits or may cause existing operations to become unprofitable. Scientists, breeders, and growers have varied but significant reasons for participating in the structuring of new property-rights legislation.
International Registrations of Cultivar Names for Unassigned Woody Genera
Authors: Huttleston Donald G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
During 1988, 37 cultivar names in unassigned woody genera were registered. During the year, registration of members of the genus Acer was assigned to Thomas W. Antonio, Chicago Botanic Garden, P.O. Box 400, Glencoe, Illinois 60022, USA. Beginning in 1989, he will register maple cultivar names. Anyone who is involved in the origination or introduction of new cultivars of ornamental plants is urged to see that they are registered with a view toward nomenclatural stabilization. A list of International Registration Authorities is available from the American Assn. of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta (AABGA), P.O. Box 206, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081, USA.
Lilac Registration 1988
Authors: Vrugtman Freek 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
All correspondence concerned with additional information or plant or propagation material of newly registered cultivars should be directed to the various registrants listed below, not to the Royal Botanical Gardens. Previous registration lists of Syringa appeared in AABGA Bul. 13(4):105-110; 14(3):95; 15(3):71-72; 16(4):131-132; 17(3):67-69; 18(3):87; and HortScience 23(3):458.
Corrigenda Lilac Registration 1986-87
Authors: Vrugtman Freek 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Errors appeared in the Lilac Registration 1986-87. The entire registrations are printed below correctly. All correspondence concerned with additional information or plant and propagation material of newly registered cultivars should be directed to the various originators, describers, or introducers specified in the descriptions below, not to the Royal Botanical Gardens. Previous registration lists of Syringa appeared in AABGA Bul. 13(4):105-110; 14(3):95; 15(3):71-72; 16(4):131-132; 17(3)67-69; and 18(3):87.
Kalmia Registration 1988
Authors: Jaynes Richard A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
All correspondence concerned with additional information or plant or propagation material of newly registered cultivars should be directed to the registrants listed below. For the most recent and complete listing and description of Kalmia cultivar names, see Kalmia, the Laurel Book II, by Richard A. Jaynes, Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.
Thinning Stage Influences Fruit Size and Yield of Kiwifruit
Authors: Lahav E. , Korkin A. , Adar G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An experiment in thinning kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa Planch.) vines at the bud swell stage vs. at fruit set stage was conducted in the Western Galilee to a) determine the optimal physiological stage of thinning, b) optimize fruit weight and yield, and c) determine the relationship between fruit number per vine and alternate bearing. A negative relationship was found between the number of fruits per vine and fruit weight or alternate bearing. Vines thinned at the bud swell stage always carried larger fruits than those thinned after fruit setting. As the fruit load on the vine decreased, smaller differences were observed between the two thinning dates. Assuming that individual fruit weight should not be < 70 g, thinning at the bud swell stage allows a yield of 1700 fruits per vine, and that at the fruit-set stage only 1400 fruits per vine. Vines not sprayed with Alzodef (H2CN2, cyanamide) to break dormancy yielded less than half the number of fruits as the sprayed vines.
Evaluating Fresh-market Peaches for Once-over Mechanical Harvesting
Authors: Peterson Donald L. , Scorza Ralph , Miller Stephen S. , Michael Glenn D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Six cultivars and three advanced breeding selections of fresh-market peaches (Prunus persica Batsch.) were evaluated for once-over mechanical harvesting. Factors evaluated were uniformity of maturity, fruit size, and incidence of damage in firm-ripe fruit. Harvest date was determined by estimating visually when equal amounts of green and over-ripe fruits were on the tree. In practice this criterion was difficult to achieve. Only on two occasions during the 2-year test did the proportion of firm-ripe fruit exceed 80% of total harvested fruit. Mean incidence of damage due to mechanical harvesting ranged between ≍2% and 12%. Nonuniformity of maturity of fruit on a given tree is a major hindrance to once-over harvesting of peaches.
Supplementary Lighting and CO2 Mist Influence Rooting of Camellia japonica
Authors: French Christopher J. , Alsbury James 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Supplementary irradiance from high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS) at 75 μmol·s-1·m-2 stimulated rooting of difficult-to-root Camellia japonica ‘Lady Clare’ when applied from sunrise to sunset in a heavily shaded greenhouse (20% light transmission). There was no effect of HPS on the easy-to-root cultivar Blood of China. Irradiance from HPS either at 45 μmol·s-1·m-2 for 16 hr/day or at 75μmol·s-1·m-2 from sunrise to sunset had little effect on rooting in a 35% transmission greenhouse. CO2 mist inhibited rooting of both cultivars when applied in fall propagation. In spring, CO2 mist during the day stimulated root number of ‘Lady Clare’ when combined with a night-break treatment from incandescent lamps (INC). Carbon dioxide mist had little effect under a natural photoperiod. With ‘Blood of China’, plants under CO2 mist had more roots only under a natural photoperiod, and CO2 mist was ineffective when INC were used. The effects of supplementary CO2, irradiance, and increased photoperiod on rooting varied with season and cultivar.
Predicting Nut Maturity of the Pecan from Heat Units
Authors: Sparks Darrell 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nut maturity of pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] was predicted with high precision (r2 = 0.9547, SE = ± 0.9 day) from heat units (base 65F, 18.5C) accumulated in March plus April based on an equation developed from 11 years of data encompassing various cultivars and orchards over a three-county area. The temperature effect appears to be due to altering the time of budbreak and subsequent rate of shoot elongation that affects the time of stigma receptivity.
Grass Control in Container-grown Ornamentals with Pre- and Postemergence Herbicide Combinations
Authors: Wilcut John W. , Gilliam Charles H. , Wehtje Glenn R. , Fare Donna C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Control of large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] and goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.] was evaluated with the preemergence herbicides oryzalin (Surflan), oxyfluorfen (Goal), and metolachlor (Dual) and the postemergence herbicides quizalofop (Assure), fenoxaprop-ethyl (Whip), haloxyfop (Verdict), poppenate-methyl (Trophy), fluazifop-P (Fusilade 2000), and sethoxydim (Poast) when applied alone or in combination. Oryzalin combinations provided maximum preemergence control compared to oxyfluorfen or metolachlor combinations. Greatest preemergence and post-emergence control was obtained with oryzalin or metolachlor applied with poppenate-methyl. Antagonism of preemergence or postemergence control occurred with several combinations of preemergence and postemergence herbicides. In some instances, control was enhanced by using other herbicide combinations. Chemical names used: 4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide (oryzalin); 2-chIoro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-ni-trophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (oxyfluorfen); 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide (metolachlor); ½(±)-2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-quinoxyalinyl)oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid¼ (quizalofop); (±)-ethyl 2-[4-[(6-chIoro-2-benzoxazolyl) oxy] phenoxy] propanoate (fenoxaprop-ethyl); 2-[4-[[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid (haloxyfop); methyl 3-hydroxy-4-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]-pentanoate (poppenate-methyl); (R)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid (fluazifop-P); and 2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio) propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one (sethoxydim).
Fertilization Practice and Foliar-bract Calcium Sprays Reduce Incidence of Marginal Bract Necrosis of Poinsettia
Authors: Harbaugh Brent K. , Woltz S. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Foliar-bract calcium (Ca) sprays and fertilization practices that altered Ca availability and supply were evaluated for their effect on marginal bract necrosis incidences of ‘Gutbier V-14 Glory’ poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.). About 90% fewer marginal necrotic lesions were observed on plants receiving an 81% NO3-N and 903-ppm Ca soluble fertilizer with 10% of the total nutrients foliar-applied than on plants grown with medium-applied Osmocote 19N-2.6P-10K (47% NO3-N) or with medium-applied liquid fertilizer containing 30% or 65% NO3-N and 0 ppm Ca. Addition of 354 ppm Ca in a 53% NO3-N, or 964 ppm Ca in a 75% NO3-N medium-applied fertilizer did not significantly reduce the number of lesions compared to the same fertilizer with 0 ppm Ca or the equivalent rate of a 53% NO3-N Osmocote 14N-6.1P-11.6K. Weekly foliar-bract sprays of 432 ppm Ca from Ca(NO3)2·4H2O reduced numbers of lesions by 94% (<1.5 lesions per plant), regardless of fertilization practice. Thus, soil applications of Ca were not effective in preventing marginal bract necrosis, whereas foliar applications of Ca were highly efficacious.
Storage of ‘Spartan’ and ‘Delicious’ Apples in a Low-ethylene, 1.5% O2 plus 1.5% CO2 Atmosphere
Authors: Lau O. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In a 3-year study, commercially produced ‘Spartan’ and ‘Delicious’ (Malus domestica Borkh.) apples held at 1.5C in a 1.5% O2 + 1.5% CO2 controlled atmosphere (CA) with a high level of C2H4 (0 μl·liter-1 initially and gradually increased to 1173 μl·liter-1) retained a satisfactory level of flesh firmness for 9 to 10 months. Maintaining a low level of C2H4 (<1.0 μl·liter-1 during the first 3 months of storage and rising to 6.3 μl·liter-1) in the 1.5% O2 + 1.5% CO2 storage atmosphere did not improve the retention of flesh firmness in these two cultivars and, on many occasions, led to a small decrease in flesh firmness in ‘Spartan’ apples. Low-C2H4 storage augmented the effect of diphenylamine in reducing scald in ‘Delicious’ apples in 1 year during shelf-life test, but also increased the incidence of coreflush in ‘Spartan’ apples in 1 year during poststorage holding in air at 0C and during subsequent shelf-life test.
Potato Growth in Response to Relative Humidity
Authors: Wheeler R. M. , Tibbitts T. W. , Fitzpatrick A. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. cvs. Russet Burbank, Norland, and Denali) were grown for 56 days in controlled-environment rooms under continuous light at 20C and 50% or 85% RH. No significant differences in total plant dry weight were measured between the humidity treatments, but plants grown under 85% RH produced higher tuber yields. Leaf areas were greater under 50% RH and leaves tended to be larger and darker green than at 85% RH.
Rapid Method for Determining Amylose Using a Microplate Reader
Authors: Cobb B. G. , Schoelles D. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The microplate reader is becoming a common research laboratory instrument that can be adapted to accelerate many colorimetric assays. A colorimetric method has been modified to allow the use of a microplate reader for determining amylose levels in starch from potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). The time needed for measuring the absorbance of many amylose samples was significantly reduced over the spectro-photometric method. The method has been shown to be accurate and reproducible.
Fruit Anthocyanins in Three Sections of Prunus (Rosaceae)
Authors: Werner D. J. , Maness E. P. , Ballinger W. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fruit anthocyanins (ACY) of eight Prunus spp. representing two subgenera (subg.) and three sections (sect.) were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Fruit of P. angustifolia Marsh., P. hortulana Bailey, and P. maritima Marsh. all North American members of subg. Prunus sect. Prunocerasus, were qualitatively identical in ACY composition, containing cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside. Fruit of P. cerasifera Ehrh. and P. spinosa L., both Eurasian members of subg. Prunus sect. Prunus, contained small amounts of peonidin-3-gIuco-side and peonidin-3-rutinoside, in addition to the 3-glucoside and 3-rutinoside of cyanidin. Fruit of P. besseyi Bailey and P. pumila L. (subg. Lithocerasus sect. Microcerasus) contained cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside. Fruit of P. pumila also contained trace amounts of peonidin-3-rutinoside. Fruit of P. japonica Thunb., a Chinese member of subg. Lithocerasus sect. Microcerasus, showed a complex ACY profile distinct from P. besseyi and P. pumila.
Inheritance of Floral Necrosis in Dendrobium Induced by Cymbidium Mosaic Virus
Authors: Kobayashi Ruth S. , Kamemoto H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cymbidium mosaic virus (CyMV) is a serious disease of Dendrobium orchids in Hawaii. Symptoms of the disease include foliar pitting or streaking and floral necrosis. Some plants do not express floral necrosis even though they are infected with the virus. These necrosis-free plants were defined as resistant for this study. Crosses were made between resistant and susceptible plants, and seedlings were inoculated with the virus. Susceptible × susceptible crosses produced susceptible offspring, resistant × resistant crosses produced resistant offspring, and susceptible × resistant crosses produced susceptible offspring, with the exception of one cross that segregated for susceptible and resistant. Expression of floral necrosis is genetically controlled and expression of necrosis is dominant to nonexpression.
Shoot Proliferation of Euphorbia fulgens in Vitro Affected by Medium Components
Authors: Zhang Baolin , Stoltz L. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Effects of trans-zeatin, sucrose, myo-inositol, and medium pH on shoot proliferation of Euphorbia fulgens Karw. ex Klostch were studied in vitro. Maximum shoot production occurred on media supplemented with 5 μΜ zeatin, but maximum shoot length with 5 to 15 μΜ. Shoot production increased with sucrose concentration, and was maximal at 131.5 mM. myo-lnositol concentration up to 0.6 mM did not have a significant effect on shoot production, but >1.1 mM reduced it. The optimal medium pH was 5.3 for shoot proliferation, but lower pH values stimulated shoot growth. Chemical names used: trans-2-methyl-4-(1H-purin-6-ylamino)-2-buten-l-ol (trans-zea-tin), α-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-fructofuranoside (sucrose).
Grapevine Micropropagation Through Shoot Tips and Minicuttings from in Vitro Cultured One-node Cuttings
Authors: Martinez Eduardo A. , Tizio Ricardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In vitro shoot-tip culture of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) was used first to eliminate some viruses (6) and, more recently, for rapid micropropagation (2-4). In vitro culture was successful when the shoot tips were taken from plants grown in glasshouse or shaded conditions. Shoot tips from field grown plants died within 2 days of culture (5).