bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of robotized knee-ankle-foot orthosis-assisted gait training on genu recurvatum during gait: a safety and feasibility study in healthy participants and patients with chronic stroke
Authors: Kawakami Michiyuki , Takahashi Yoko , Okada Kohsuke , Noda Tomoyuki , Teramae Tatsuya , Nakamura Takuya , Haruyama Koshiro , Okuyama Kohei , Tsujimoto Kengo , Mizuno Katsuhiro , Morimoto Jun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Genu recurvatum is a common problem after a stroke. To facilitate improvement, it is important to promote the coordination between knee and ankle movements during gait. However, no device is yet available to achieve multi-joint assistance. Our group is developing a new rehabilitation system using an exoskeleton robot that simultaneously assists the knee and ankle joints. Therefore, in this study we aimed 1) to investigate the feasibility of robot-assisted gait training in healthy participants and patients with stroke and 2) to investigate the effect of our robot on genu recurvatum in a patient with stroke.Methods: Six healthy participants (mean age: 31.8 years) and two patients with chronic stroke (age: 50 and 21 years) participated in the feasibility study (Experiment 1). One patient with chronic stroke (age: 47 years) participated in Experiment 2, a single case study, to investigate the effects of robot-assisted gait training on genu recurvatum. Patients with stroke had moderate paralysis in lower extremity, and genu recurvatum during gait. The robot consisted of a knee-ankle-foot orthosis (KAFO) and an attached actuator of pneumatic artificial muscles (PAM). The assistance parameters were adjusted to prevent genu recurvatum during the stance phase. In Experiment 1, all participants received robot-assisted gait training for 20 min, and the safety of training was assessed. In Experiment 2, another patient received robot-assisted gait training for 30 min/day for 10 days. We evaluated the angle of the knee joint during overground gait, Fugl-Meyer Assessment of lower extremity (FMA-LE), modified Ashworth scale (MAS), Gait Assessment and Intervention Tool (G.A.I.T.), 10 m gait speed test, and 6-minute walking test (6MWT) before and after the intervention without the robot.Results: All participants completed the training in Experiments 1 and 2 safely. In Experiment 2, genu recurvatum during the stance phase, FMA-LE, MAS, G.A.I.T., and 6MWT were improved after robotized KAFO-assisted gait training for 10 days.Conclusions: An exoskeleton robot that can assist the knee and ankle joints simultaneously may be an effective device for genu recurvatum in patients with stroke.
First report of Cucumber mosaic virus subgroup IB isolates infecting cucumber and cowpea in Iraq
Authors: Ali Ahmed K. , Ahmed Ibrahim A. , Al-Kuawiti Nawres 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Two Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) isolates were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction from cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) plants in Iraq. Analysis of nucleotide sequences of the capsid protein gene place these isolates in the subgroup IB, sharing the highest nucleotide identity (99%) with isolates reported from Iran. This is the first report of CMV subgroup IB in Iraq.
Effect of Non-aspirated Gastric Residual Content on Preterm Infants' Health Status
Authors: Ramadan Osama , Rashad Hanan , Darwish Merite , Dabash Sohier 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of non-gastric residual aspiration on preterm infant health statusMethods: The study utilized a quasi-experimental (control and intervention) design. Sixty premature infants were cared for at El Manial University Hospital and Elmonira Pediatric Hospital NICUS. Four tools were utilized: (I) Neonatal personal data; (II) gastric residual observational checklist; (III) the Fenton Growth Weight Chart; and (IV) Modified Bell's Staging Criteria for Necrotizing EnterocolitisResults: The mean gastric amount in the intervention group was 1.45 ± 0.35, while the control group was 2.53 ± 0.49, with a p-value <0.05. The mean days to full enteral intake of 120 ml kg per day of the intervention group was 7.21±0.66, while the control group was 9.72±0.85, with a slightly significant difference at p-value <0.05. The minority of the intervention group suffered from sepsis, while about one-quarter at the control group. According to NEC, the minority of the intervention group suffered definite.Conclusion: Eliminating routine prefeed gastric aspirate monitoring decreases late-onset sepsis, permits preterm infants to receive complete enteral feeds sooner, and allows them to leave the hospital sooner. It also did not affect the likelihood of mortality or NEC.
Microbiome analysis of landfill leachate samples sourced from Powerstown landfill Co. Carlow
Authors: HE HUILI , Morris Sinead , Garcia-Cabellos Guiomar , Enright Anne-Marie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Little is known about the microbial ecology of closed landfill, or how the diversity of these communities changes over time. This study focuses on the bacterial community diversity analysis of landfill leachate (LFL) sourced from Powerstown landfill Co. Carlow, Ireland. The LFL samples used in this study came from both closed and active landfill, and represent different phases of the landfill. HiSeq sequencing systems based 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was used to investigate the bacterial communities of a total of six LFL samples; four samples from landfill cells (two from closed landfill cells and two from active landfill cells), and two samples sourced from a leachate tank (LT) collected over an interval of 2.5 years. Members of the phylum Proteobacteria (Pseudomonadota) were dominant in all landfill samples investigated (56 to 71%), followed by Bacteroidetes (Bacteroidota) (7 to 21%). The operating status of landfills (i.e. active / closed) and the age of landfill were found to affect the bacterial composition of LFL. Members of the class Epsilonproteobacteria and genus Sulfurimonas were dominant in LFL from active landfill, while the class Betaproteobacteria and genus Pusillimonas were dominant in closed landfill. Furthermore, it was observed that the composition of the microbial community in active landfill showed fluctuation by the progressing landfill age, while the bacterial composition of closed landfill tends to be stable as the year the landfill is closed.
Waterbody loss due to urban expansion of large Chinese cities in last three decades
Authors: xiao wu , Chen Wenqi , Yue Wenze , Mu Jingxuan , Xu Suchen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Urban waterbodies are one of the most pertinent issues involved in multiple aspects of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, waterbodies in large Chinese cities are highly vulnerable to urban-land expansion, which is mostly due to economic development, population growth, and rural-urban migration. In this work, we select 159 Chinese cities of over one million in population to investigate the encroachment on waterbodies due to rapid urbanization from 1990 to 2018. Overall, 20.6% of natural waterbody area was lost during this period to urban expansion, and this fraction varies from city to city and is related to waterbody abundance. With the acceleration of urbanization, waterbody occupation is becoming more serious (p < 0.01). However, in all cities, this encroachment has eased since 2010, which justifies the effective implementation of national-scale policies to conserve urban waterbodies. In the future, ecological resources, including waterbody, should be considered in urban planning to provide reasonable protection to waterbodies in the quest for urban sustainability.
Thin foil body-shield resuscitation barrier device to protect from blood – an experimental study
Authors: Hermann Martin , Isser Markus , Bilgeri Valentin , Klinger Andreas , Lederer Wolfgang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In times of collective concern about pandemics, body-shield resuscitation barrier devices are more and more considered to protect against transmission of different pathogens between rescuers and patients. The objective of this experimental study was to investigate the characteristics of blood drops dispersed on the surface of four different foils suitable for blanketing patients during resuscitation. We analyzed runoff characteristics of blood stains depending on surface properties of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate and aluminum-coated polyethylene terephthalate. Confocal fluorescence microscopy revealed less cellular density and lack of fibrin networks in blood stains on the four foil surfaces than on paper towel. Delayed clotting went along with larger areas of contamination indicating a greater likelihood of coming into contact with potential germs but a smaller chance of contracting an infection. Space blankets as obligatory components of first aid kits are readily available for rescuers and serve as a mechanical barrier between rescuers and patients during resuscitation.
Cellular Respiration in Thymic Fragments from Mice
Authors: Shamsi Mariam Al , Hassane Maya , Almarzooqi Farida , Souid Abdul-Kader 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background. This report aims to detail the use of phosphorescence oxygen analyzer for in vitro investigation of thymic response to pharmaceutical agents, in particular immunosuppressants and immunomodulators. Sirolimus (a highly specific inhibitor of the ‘molecular target of rapamycin’, mTOR) and ozanimod (an agonist of the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor, a recently approved drug for treatment of multiple sclerosis and ulcerative colitis) are used for this purpose. Methods. Thymic fragments from mice were placed in vials containing phosphate-buffered saline, bovine albumin, and Pd(II) meso-tetra (sulfophenyl) tetrabenzoporphyrin. The vials were sealed from air, and the cellular oxygen consumption was monitored as function of time. Results. The decline of dissolved oxygen concentration with time (d[O2]/dt) was linear; thus, its rate (thymocyte respiration) was expressed as µM O2 min-1. Cyanide inhibited respiration, confirming the oxygen consumption was in cytochrome oxidase. In age-matched mice, the rate of thymocyte respiration (mean ± SD, in µM O2 min-1 mg-1) was 0.046 ± 0.011 (median = 0.043, range = 0.028 to 0.062, n = 10). In thymic fragments from littermates, this rate was inhibited in the presence of sirolimus (16% lower) or ozanimod (29% lower). Conclusions. Thymocyte respiration can serve as a surrogate biomarker for studying the mode-of-action and the cytotoxicity of immunotoxins and immunosuppressants.
Acute pulmonary embolism right after caesarean section despite left ventricle dilatation: A case report and literature review
Authors: Song Bin , Sun Yue , Liu Dan-dan , Li Guang-gang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary embolism is a lethal complication during pregnancy and puerperium. Compared to vaginal delivery, caesarean section has almost twice the pulmonary risk. The diagnosing of pulmonary embolism can be challenging because of the overlapping symptoms and signs in maternity, and also the clinician should balance the benefits and risks of radioactive examinations.
Case presentation:
A 31-year-old nulliparous female underwent caesarean section for a separated symphysis pubis. Right after the operation, the patient developed abrupt dyspnea and dull pain whitin the left back region, and her cardiopulmonary function deteriorated rapidly. Venous ultrasound confirmed left common iliac vein occlusion, and transthoracic echocardiogram revealed a relatively normal right heart and dilated left ventricle with patent foramen ovale. Pulmonary angiography confirmed the diagnosing of acute embolism. Then, catheter-directed thrombus fragmentation and thrombolysis were performed. The patient recovered quickly, and the echocardiogram results were normal a month later.
Conclusions
Dilated left ventricular echocardiography cannot rule out postpartum acute pulmonary embolism. In some extreme emergency scenarios, when acute PE is the most likely diagnosis (a life-threatening condition), catheter-directed angiography can be performed instead of other radioscopies.
Data-driven patient stratification and drug target discovery by using medical information and serum proteome data of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients
Authors: Natsume-Kitatani Yayoi , Itoh Mari N , Takeda Yoshito , Kuroda Masataka , Hirata Haruhiko , Miyake Kohtaro , Shiroyama Takayuki , Shirai Yuya , Noda Yoshimi , Adachi Yuichi , Enomoto Takatoshi , Amiya Saori , Adachi Jun , Narumi Ryohei , Muraoka Satoshi , Tomonaga Takeshi , Kurohashi Sadao , Cheng Fei , Tanaka Ribeka , Yada Shuntaro , Aramaki Eiji , Wakamiya Shoko , Chen Yi-An , Higuchi Chihiro , Nojima Yosui , Fujiwara Takeshi , Nagao Chioko , Takeda Toshihiro , Matsumura Yasushi , Mizuguchi Kenji , Kumanogoh Atsushi , Ueda Naonori 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Medical information is valuable information obtained from humans regarding the phenotype of diseases. Omics data is informative to understand diseases at biomolecular level. We aimed to detect patient stratification patterns in a data-driven manner and identify candidate drug targets by investigating biomolecules that are linked to phenotype-level characteristics of a targeted disease. Such data integration is challenging because the data types of them are different, and these data contain many items that are not directly related to the disease. Hence, we developed an algorithm, subset binding, to find inter-related attributes in heterogeneous data. To search for potential drug targets for intractable IPF (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis), we collected medical information and proteome data of serum extracellular vesicles from patients with interstitial pneumonia including IPF. Our approach detected 20 proteins linked with IPF characteristics, whose expression intensities were confirmed to be high in fibrotic areas of human lung tissues. Furthermore, ponatinib, which inhibits these proteins, suppressed EMT (epithelial mesenchymal transition) in vitro. This workflow paves the way for data-driven drug target discovery even for intractable diseases whose mechanisms of pathogenesis are not fully understood.
Utilization of Radiation Therapy and Predictors of Noncompliance among Syrian Refugees in Turkey
Authors: Sayan Mutlay , Eren Mehmet Fuat , Kilic Sarah Sabrine , Kotek Ayse , Kaplan Sedenay Oskeroglu , Duran Ozge , Cukurcayır Funda , Babalıoglu Ibrahim , Or Ozlem Derinalp , Ozturk Gul Aysen , Eroglu Celalettin , Teke Fatma , Kurtul Neslihan , Kutuk Tugce , Bicakci Beyhan Ceylaner , Senyurek Sukran , Aktan Meryem , Mamidanna Swati , Ohri Nisha , Haffty Bruce , Atalar Banu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundAccess to cancer care is a problem that continues to plague refugees displaced from their home countries. The turbulent political crisis in Syria, which has led to millions of refugees seeking asylum in Turkey, merits further attention. We aimed to study the rate of utilization of radiation therapy among Syrian refugees with cancer living in Turkey in an attempt to identify the contributing factors predictive of non-compliance with prescribed RT.MethodsIn this retrospective review of 14 institutional databases, Syrian refugee patients in Turkey with a cancer diagnosis from January 2015 to December 2019 who were treated with RT were identified. The demographic data, treatment compliance rates, and toxicity outcomes in these patients were surveyed. Variable predictors of noncompliance such as age, gender, diagnosis, , treatment length, and toxicity were studied. The association between these variables and patient noncompliance was determined.ResultsWe identified 10,537 patients who were diagnosed with cancer during the study period, of whom 1010 (9.6%) patients were treated with RT. Breast cancer (30%) and lung cancer (14%) were the most common diagnoses with up to 68% of patients diagnosed at an advanced stage (Stage III, IV). 20% of the patients were deemed noncompliant. Treatment with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.06 – 2.46, p = 0.023) and living in a refugee camp (OR 3.62, 95% CI 2.43 – 5.19, p < 0.001) were associated with noncompliance. Age, gender and treatment length were not significantly associated with noncompliance.ConclusionsNoncompliance with radiotherapy among Syrian refugees in Turkey remains an area of concern with a multitude of factors contributing to these alarming numbers. Further studies to better ascertain the finer nuances of this intricately complex problem and a global combination of efforts can pave the way to providing a solution.
Clinical characteristics of choledochal cysts with intrahepatic bile duct dilatations
Authors: Zhang Shuhao , Cai Duote , Zhang Yuebin , Chen Ken , Jin Yi , Luo Wenjuan , Huang Zongwei , Hu Di , Gao Zhigang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Whether the dilated intrahepatic bile duct (IHBD) has any effect on prognosis of choledochal cyst (CC) remains controversy. This study aimed to summarize the clinical characteristics and prognosis of CC patients with IHBD dilatation.Methods: A total of 192 children diagnosed with CC were identified, including 127 without IHBD dilatation (group A) and 65 with IHBD dilatation (group B). A retrospective analysis was performed based on clinical indices, symptoms, and complications of CC patients.Results: Compared with group A, incidences of jaundice and fever were higher in group B (p=0.01 and 0.033, respectively). Preoperative total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and indirect bilirubin were also increased in group B than in group A (p=0.0052, 0.0005, and 0.0136, respectively), as were preoperative alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, glutamyl transpeptidase, and total bile acid (p=0.0057, 0.0250, 0.0002, and 0.0242, respectively). The risk of liver fibrosis or cirrhosis and postoperative pancreatitis was significantly increased for group B compared with group A (p=0.012 and 0.003, respectively) and also occurred earlier in group B (p<0.001), among them, dilated IHBDs recovered to normal in 89.23% (7/65) of patients.Conclusion: CC with IHBD dilatation was associated with increased preoperative bilirubin levels, abnormal liver function, and higher incidence of liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. Proactive treatment is recommended for patients with IHBD dilatation.
Analisis Karakteristik Aplikasi Kamus Arab-Indonesia Karya Tim Ristek Muslim
Authors: Fadhilah Maulida Almas 
Published: April 2022

This study is driven by the fact that Arabic is often seen as a complex language to master in many Indonesian schools and madrasas. This educational issue has resulted in various efforts to facilitate learning using meaningful innovations. The researchers created online and offline programs, including an Arabic-Indonesian dictionary built for Android. The current research tries to ascertain the applicability of the Arabic-Indonesian dictionary. This study is a literature review study using a descriptive qualitative approach. The developers (Surabaya Muslim Research and Technology Team) created the application in 2012 and used a variety of secondary sources, including articles, journals, and pertinent documents. The Arabic-Indonesian Dictionary is an Android-based Arabic-Indonesian dictionary application capable of translating Indonesian to Arabic and vice versa. This application database has 154,644 Arabic vocabularies. The dictionaries contained in this application include the Arabic-Indonesian Dictionary, Munawwir Dictionary, Muʿjam al-ʿArab, Muʿjam al-Muʿāṣirāh, Lisān al-ʿArabic, Muʿjam al-Ghanī, and the Al-Qur'an Dictionary. This dictionary can be used as an Arabic learning media.
Assessing mutual accountability to strengthen national WASH systems and achieve the SDG targets for water and sanitation
Authors: Dickin Sarah , Syed Abu , Qowamuna Nishrin , Njoroge George , Liera Carla , Al'Afghani Mohamad Mova , Chowdhury Sidratun , Sanchez Zoraida , Salad Abdulwahab Moalin , Winterford Keren , Uijtewaal Erma , Roaf Virginia , Butterworth John , Willetts Juliet 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Multi-stakeholder engagement is critical for making progress towards Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 ‘Ensure access to water and sanitation for all’, which is currently off track to be achieved by 2030. The aim of this paper was to investigate mutual accountability and multi-stakeholder platforms in the WASH sector in a diverse range of countries. Data were collected by Sanitation and Water for All (SWA) Research and Learning Constituency partners and collaborators in five SWA member countries: Bangladesh, Indonesia, Kenya, Peru and Somalia. Data collection involved document review, key informant interviews and workshops, and an online questionnaire. Across all the case study countries, there were no clear examples of mutual accountability mechanisms being widely used in the WASH sector. However, the findings indicate that some of the case study countries have active WASH multi-stakeholder platforms involving a range of actors from government, civil society and the private sector; however, these typically function as coordination and communication platforms rather than supporting mutual accountability. Other case study countries did not have multi-stakeholder platforms involving a diverse range of actors, and instead had platforms established for single stakeholder groups such as the private sector or civil society, leaving certain groups out of activities. Overall, the study highlights the importance of establishing strong multi-stakeholder processes and platforms that bring together a range of actors including government, civil society, private sector, research actors, and WASH external support organizations. Such platforms could provide a foundation to enable mutual accountability between these actors by providing a space to set commitments and monitor progress and have potential to strengthen WASH systems both nationally and globally.
E-learning for WASH systems strengthening: lessons from a capacity-building platform
Authors: Leal A. , Saleh A. , Verhoeven J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Research was undertaken to evaluate the performance of the Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Systems Academy, a free e-learning platform. The course, ‘WASH systems strengthening: The basics’, was assessed in three different learning arrangements: Case 1: MOOC (Massive Open Online Course, self-paced and self-guided), Case 2: MOOC with structured support, and Case 3: MOOC with blended learning. In each of these cases, the extent to which e-learning can contribute to improved understanding and application of WASH systems strengthening was investigated. The research was conducted between October 2020 and July 2021 using a modified Kirkpatrick model supplemented by the Outcome Harvesting methodology to assess which MOOC format was successful in performance and application. The study analysed data from the e-learning platform, user surveys, and interviews with water and sanitation e-learning experts and selected users. A comparison of the cases demonstrated that overall, the three learning arrangements were effective based on the reactions of the users, with completion rates of 21, 65, and 100% for MOOC, MOOC with structured support, and MOOC with blended learning, respectively. The MOOC with a blended learning approach was the most effective in terms of performance. This approach allowed participants to have a better understanding of the content with extra face-to-face support while completing the course.