bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Sedative Medication Administration and Delirium Development in a Medical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Franz Nicholas D. , Alaniz Cesar , Miller James T. , Farina Nicholas 
Published: April 2022

Background: Delirium develops frequently in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Societal guidelines have suggested that benzodiazepines may cause delirium. This study investigates if a change in sedation administration use over time is associated with changes in delirium incidence. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted over a 4 year time period in a medical ICU. All data was abstracted from a local data warehouse. The primary outcome of the study was the association between annual cumulative benzodiazepine use and incidence of delirium during the study period. Data was analyzed using descriptive characteristics and Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Additionally, multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors for delirium development. Results: From 2015 to 2018, annual total benzodiazepine administration decreased from 62,215 mg to 18,105 mg lorazepam equivalents (p = <.01). The cumulative dose of dexmedetomidine increased, with 657,262 mcg administered in 2015 and 1,476,951 mcg in 2018 (p < .01). No differences in annual delirium incidence were found. Risk factors that were significantly correlated with delirium following multivariate logistic regression included acute respiratory distress syndrome, renal failure, hepatic failure, septic shock, severe alcohol withdrawal, vasopressor use, corticosteroid use, benzodiazepine use, antipsychotic use, opiate use, and propofol use. Conclusions: A profound change in sedation medication paradigm did not influence delirium rates in a medical ICU.
Nursing Home Residents’ Positive Behavioral Responses to Individualized Music Predict Improvements in Sundowning Symptoms After Music Listening
Authors: Lineweaver Tara T. , Bergeson Tonya R. , Ward Marissa J. , Hagen Nicole A. , Ladd Kendall , Johnson Heather , Braid Donald , Ott Monica , Hay Donald P. , Plewes John , Hinds Mary , LaPradd Michelle L. , Bolander Hannah , Vitelli Sarah , Lain Mikala , Brimmer Tim 
Published: April 2022

Objective: The goal of this exploratory study was to predict which long-term care residents with dementia would experience improvements in their sundowning symptoms after listening to personalized music playlists. Methods: We studied 101 residents with moderate to severe dementia from 15 long-term care facilities across 8 months. We observed residents’ behavioral responses to individualized music while they listened and recorded sundowning symptoms both before and after each listening session. Results: As hypothesized, residents who exhibited a greater number of positive reactive behaviors while listening to music also evidenced more improvements in their confusion, disengagement, unresponsiveness, and restlessness after their music-listening session. Discussion: Our results reveal that observing behavioral responses during music listening is an effective way to determine when nursing home residents are benefiting from personalized music playlists. These findings inform music programs in long-term care settings by identifying residents whose sundowning symptoms are most amenable to music intervention.
Strategic planning in turbulent times: Still useful?
Authors: Johnsen Åge 
Published: April 2022

A common criticism of strategic planning is that it is of little use when the environment is turbulent and the future is unpredictable. The last decade has witnessed great environmental turbulence and uncertainty in many conditions that are important for public policy and administration. This study analyses survey data from 144 public sector organisations in Norway in 2020 on how strategic planning has been designed and used over the past 4 years and how managers perceived the usefulness of the strategic planning. Most of the central as well as local government organizations prepared strategic plans in addition to mandatory plans and the managers perceived the net benefit of the strategic planning as positive, even under the turbulent environments of the recent years. A multivariate regression analysis showed that a prospector adaptation, stakeholder participation, use of management tools and ease of use of the strategic planning process had the greatest positive correlation with the perceived usefulness of strategic planning.
An investigation into the influence of wheel–rail contact relationships on the carbody hunting stability of an electric locomotive
Authors: Li Wei , Guan Qinghua , Chi Maoru , Wen Zefeng , Sun Jianfeng 
Published: April 2022

Carbody hunting stability has attracted more and more attention due to its great influence on the dynamic performance of a railway vehicle. To fully understand the correlation between the wheel–rail contact relationship and the carbody hunting stability of an electric locomotive, the wheel–rail contact geometry analysis and the multi-body dynamics simulation are carried out in this work. The focus is on the influences of track parameters (including rail profile, rail cant and track gauge) on wheel–rail contact relationships and carbody hunting stability. A group of rail profiles are obtained by interpolating between the standard CHN60 profile and the worn rail profiles. The nominal equivalent conicity, the effective equivalent conicity and the wheel–rail contact bandwidth for a wheelset lateral displacement of ±6 mm are used to evaluate the wheel–rail contact relationship, while the lateral continuous comfort index is used to evaluate the carbody hunting stability. The simulation results show that keeping the rail cant at about 1/40 and reducing the track gauge and the wear depth at the gauge corner of rail can improve the carbody hunting stability of the electric locomotive. Furthermore, the effective equivalent conicity is a good choice to establish the relationship between the wheel–rail contact geometry and the carbody hunting stability.
Maintaining access to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in a pandemic: A service evaluation of telephone-based pre-exposure prophylaxis provision
Authors: Henderson Lindsay , Gibbs Jo , Quinn Jacqueline , Ramasami Sharmini , Estcourt Claudia 
Published: April 2022

Objectives The objective was to perform a survey-based service evaluation of our telephone PrEP clinic (Tele-PrEP), which was instituted during the COVID-19 pandemic, to inform future service delivery. Methods We administered parallel, web-based, anonymous surveys to PrEP-users who had a Tele-PrEP appointment between 13.11.2020 and 17.12.2020 and all healthcare professionals (HCPs) conducting Tele-PrEP clinics. We used descriptive statistics to summarise demographic and qualitative data, and thematically categorised free text responses using the Framework for a Systems Approach to Healthcare Delivery. Results 62/117 (53%) PrEP-users and 8/9 (89%) HCPs completed the surveys. Tele-PrEP was rated ‘excellent’ or ‘good’ by 61/62 (98%) PrEP-users. All HCPs felt that Tele-PrEP allowed them to assess patients safely and confidently. 10/62 (16%) PrEP-users and 1 (11%) HCP expressed a preference for face-to-face care. Using the Framework for a Systems Approach to Healthcare Delivery we identified key areas important to respondents who highlighted the rapid changes as a result of COVID-19, which required an increase in dedicated resources. HCPs valued teamwork, support/supervision and convenience in achieving quality care for the patient, who in turn, valued convenient, holistic and individualised management to meet their sexual healthcare needs. Conclusion Tele-PrEP is feasible and acceptable. While most respondents rated the service highly, others identified a need/preference for face-to-face appointments.
Discrimination of centre composition in panned chocolate goods using near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Johnson Joel B 
Published: April 2022

Non-destructively identifying the centre composition of panned chocolate goods may be useful in quality assurance settings. However, no studies to date have investigated this topic. In this study, near infrared spectra (1000–2500 nm) were collected from chocolate-coated peanuts and chocolate-coated sultanas ( n = 170 of each) in order to investigate the prospect of non-invasively detecting the composition of the centre. Principal component analysis confirmed that the spectra of these samples were distinct from one another. The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model showed a high level of separation between chocolate-coated peanuts and sultanas in the training set (R2 = 0.95; RPD = 4.4). Discrimination between peanut and sultana samples from an independent test set was also possible, although with slightly less distinct separation between the sample types. A soft independent modelling by class analogy model was also able to differentiate between the two sample types, albeit with higher levels of misclassification compared to PLS-DA. Incorporating samples from different manufacturers may be useful for improving the broader applicability of the model.
Preparation of osteoinductive – Antimicrobial nanocomposite scaffolds based on poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) modified with copper – Doped bioactive glass nanoparticles
Authors: Covarrubias Cristian , Bejarano Julián , Maureira Miguel , Tapia Cecilia , Díaz Mario , Rodríguez Juan P , Palza Humberto , Lund Fernando , Von Marttens Alfredo , Caviedes Pablo , Yazdani-Pedram Mehrdad 
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to explore the preparation of porous nanocomposite scaffolds with simultaneous osteogenic – antibacterial properties by incorporating copper – doped bioactive glass nanoparticles into Poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) lactide:glycolide. Bioactive glass nanoparticles were synthesized by using sol–gel technique from the SiO2 – P2O5 – CaO – Na2O – CuO system. Poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) lactide:glycolide nanocomposite scaffolds with different nanoparticle contents were prepared by combined lyophilization/salt leaching. The in vitro bioactivity of the scaffolds was assessed in simulated body fluid, and cell viability and osteogenic differentiation assays were performed with stem cells. Antibacterial activity of the materials was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus. Copper – dopped bioactive glass nanoparticles particles with ∼70 nm in size and relatively crystalline structure were synthesized. Porous nanocomposite scaffolds prepared with the copper – doped nanoparticles are cytocompatible, promoted the mineralization of bone-like apatite in simulated body fluid, and stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells as judged by an increased activity the enzyme alkaline phosphatase. The antibacterial activity exhibited by the nanocomposite scaffolds was not statistically superior to that of the neat polymer scaffold. Development of greater antibacterial activity in these nanocomposites would requires further research primarily related to the synthesis of more amorphous and soluble copper – dopped bioactive glass nanoparticles.
Sources of Total Factor Productivity in South Asia
Authors: Saha Sanjoy Kumar 
Published: April 2022

Using World Development data for the period of 1991–2020, this article examines the total factor productivity (TFP) measured by Malmquist productivity index (MPI) and its components’ technological progress and technical efficiency change (TEC) for five South Asian countries, namely India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. TFP growth is calculated using the MPI along with panel data of those countries. This article adds onto the existing literature by estimating the technological progress and TEC for these five South Asian countries. Further, the article also emphasises differences in the TFP growth among these countries. The study finds that TFP of all the South Asian countries are cyclical in nature, highly volatile and full of ups and downs during the whole study period. TFP is growing in standard technology-based economy (India), which is the consequence of technological progress. On the other hand, among labour-intensive economies, Sri Lanka is performing better as TFP in Sri Lanka is improving at a good rate, while Pakistan’s TFP is also growing steadily. Here, both the countries’ TFP growth is driven by positive technological change. Bangladesh is observing TFP decline as Bangladesh is the worst performer among five nations in South Asia despite the fact that technological change is still progressing. Nepal’s TFP is improving as well, but at a slower pace. Except Bangladesh, efficiency change shows progressive trend in the remaining countries. JEL Classification: D24, F02, F62, O14
Virtual Support and Intimate Partner Violence Services: A Scoping Review
Authors: Baird Stephanie L. , Tarshis Sarah , Messenger Catherine , Falla Michaeline 
Published: April 2022

Purpose This article reports on a scoping review that maps the empirical research on virtual intimate partner violence (IPV) interventions. Method Following the Joanna Briggs Institute’s nine-step scoping review methodology, 25 studies were selected. Results The majority of the studies (72%) were published in the United States, and included quantitative (56%), mixed methods (24%), and qualitative study designs (20%). The most frequent focus of the virtual interventions to support survivors of IPV included safety (52%), with other interventions focusing mainly on treatment (36%), and education and prevention (12%). Forms of interventions included interactive, internet-based (72%), smartphone apps (16%), live videoconferencing (8%), and an asynchronous chatroom (4%). Barriers and strengths of virtual IPV interventions are identified. Discussion From this analysis, emerging models in virtual IPV intervention are identified, as well as next steps necessary in virtual IPV practice and research. The article concludes with implications for social work practice and research.
A Longitudinal Study of Relationships Between Vocational Graduates’ Career Adaptability, Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy, Vocational Identity Clarity, and Life Satisfaction
Authors: Kvasková Lucia , Hlado Petr , Palíšek Petr , Šašinka Václav , Hirschi Andreas , Ježek Stanislav , Macek Petr 
Published: April 2022

Career construction theory proposes that high career adaptability leads to positive adaptation outcomes during career transition. However, the specific pathways of how this happens remain underexplored. Drawing on the career construction model of adaptation, we hypothesized that career decision-making self-efficacy mediates the link of career adaptability with vocational identity clarity and life satisfaction as two measures of adaptation outcomes. We conducted a three-wave survey with an initial sample of 3126 Czech upper-secondary vocational graduates transitioning from vocational school to the labor market. Structural equation modeling revealed that career decision-making self-efficacy fully mediated the relationship between career adaptability before graduation and vocational identity clarity 20 months later. In contrast, the mediation effect of career decision-making self-efficacy on the relationship between career adaptability and life satisfaction was not supported. Additionally, in contrast to the previous literature, career adaptability was not directly related to vocational identity clarity and life satisfaction. Nevertheless, our findings demonstrated a positive long-term association of career adaptability with adaptation outcomes within the working life domain. Practical implications and future directions are discussed.
Effect of Local Versus General Anesthesia in Breast-Conserving Surgery on Cancer Recurrence and Cost
Authors: Gu Chongshan , Wang Lize , He Yingjian , Ouyang Tao , Li Jinfeng , Wang Tianfeng , Fan Tie , Li Mi , Fan Zhaoqing 
Published: April 2022

Background The association between the type of anesthesia used and the recurrence of cancer remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the effects of local vs general anesthesia on recurrence-free survival and cost after breast-conserving surgery. Materials and Methods We reviewed the data of 2778 patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery followed by radiation at our center between 1999 and 2014. We analyzed the data of 994 patients with hormone receptor-positive and Her2-negative tumors who underwent breast-conserving surgery without axillary lymph node dissection under local or general anesthesia. Patients were grouped according to whether local or general anesthesia was used for the surgery. Results Of the 994 patients enrolled in this study, 367 received local anesthesia and 627 patients received general anesthesia. The median follow-up duration for all patients was 93 months. The Kaplan–Meier survival curves did not reveal significant differences between the recurrence-free survival of the two groups, with 5-year recurrence-free survival rates of 96.3% (95% CI, 94.3–98.3%) in the local anesthesia group and 97.3% (95% CI, 95.9–98.7%) in the general anesthesia group. The total cost of hospitalization in the local anesthesia group was significantly lower than that in the general anesthesia group ( P <.001). The difference in the cost between the two groups remained significant, irrespective of the type of hospitalization, after excluding 165 patients receiving chemotherapy during their hospitalization. Conclusions Our analysis indicated no association between the type of anesthesia used during breast-conserving surgery and the long-term prognosis of breast cancer. However, breast-conserving surgery under local anesthesia may be a less expensive option than that under general anesthesia.
Vibration reduction control by a cable actuation system for reflector antenna
Authors: Liang Wei , Geng Yide , Huang Jin , Zhang Jie 
Published: April 2022

Vibration deformation of a reflector antenna under a moving load will reduce pointing performance. Current vibration suppression technology for reflector antennas, such as the application of mesh reflector antennas, the construction of large radomes, the use of antennas with high stiffness, and the improvement of the shaft servo systems, can reduce the impact of vibrations. However, the disadvantages of high-frequency transmission, high cost, increased weight, and servo bandwidth limitations, are unavoidable. A cable actuation system is proposed as a method for reducing the vibration of reflector antennas while having little influence on the original structure. In this method, the acceleration of the reflector is measured, and an unbiased minimum variance estimator of the system state is introduced to observe the vibration state of the reflector. Then using the LQR approach, drivers on the slide rail pull the cables to suppress the vibration of the reflector. Moreover, the position of the drivers on the slide rail can be adjusted depending on the moving load condition. Finally, the experimental results show that the vibration time of the reflector without control was approximately 7 s, while the vibration time of the reflector with control was reduced to approximately 1 s when the pendulum fell from the same height to excite the reflector.
Feasibility of Hair Cortisol as a Biomarker of Chronic Stress in People With Dementia
Authors: Kim Eunsaem , Bolkan Cory , Crespi Erica , Madigan Jennifer 
Published: April 2022

Hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) are an innovative way to measure chronic stress relying on a small sample of hair. To date, there are no studies that have studied HCC as a biomarker of chronic stress in individuals with dementia. Given the vulnerability to chronic stress in people with dementia, using HCC as an objective measure of physiological stress in those with dementia has potential to enhance our understanding of this population. The goal of this exploratory, multidisciplinary, pilot study was to establish feasibility of HCC testing in people with dementia as a biomarker of chronic stress. HCC was examined over a 6-month period to assess physiological stress response during a transition to memory care. Newly admitted memory care residents ( n = 13, mean age = 82) were followed over 6 months. Residents’ hair samples and health information were collected at 3-month intervals. HCC levels significantly changed during the transition to memory care, which may reflect chronic physiological stress. Participants with frequent behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) had significantly lower HCC at baseline and exhibited a blunted cortisol reactivity at follow-up. Based on detected changes in HCC, participants likely experienced stress reactions during the transition to memory care, providing preliminary evidence that HCC may be a useful, non-invasive measure of physiological stress in this population. This approach may also be applied to understanding the significance of person-centered care environments on minimizing chronic stress for people with dementia.
A 24-year single-centre experience with Collum Femoris Preserving stem: clinical and radiological results in young and elderly population
Authors: Formica Matteo , Mosconi Lorenzo , Cavagnaro Luca , Chiarlone Francesco , Quarto Emanuele , Lontaro-Baracchini Maddalena , Zanirato Andrea 
Published: April 2022

Objective: The primary aim was to evaluate the long-term follow-up of Collum Femoris Preserving (CFP) stem, specifically focusing on stem survivorship, complications, as well as on clinical and radiological results. The secondary study objective is an age-based sub-analysis (<65 years vs. ⩾65 years) of long-term results. Materials and methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent CFP implantation between 1997 and 2009. A total of 311 patients (342 hips) were included with a mean follow-up of 15.8 ± 2.2 (range 11–24) years. 2 age groups were analysed: Group-Y (age <65) and Group-E (age ⩾65). Group-Y included 182 hips (mean follow-up 16.3 ± 4.2 years), whereas Group-E included 160 hips (mean follow-up 15.5 ± 3.7 years). Clinical (HHS, OHS and VAS) and radiological data were obtained at final follow-up. Any complications, reoperations, prosthetic components revisions and stem revisions were analysed. Results: According to HSS score, 95% of patients reported excellent/good results (95.6% Group-Y vs. 94.4% Group-E) with an overall stem survival rate of 93.3% (94% Group-Y vs. 92.5% Group-E; p = 0.37). Overall, 87% of stem revisions were performed with primary stems. The rate of prosthetic components revision was 9.9 % (9.9% in Group-Y vs. 10% in Group-E; p = 1). The reoperation rate was 10.8% (11.5% in Group-Y vs. 10.0% in Group-E; p = 0.73). Conclusions: The CFP stem provides good clinical and radiological long-term results with low rate of complications in both young and elderly patients. No significant difference in stem revision and reoperation rates was observed between the 2 groups. Both in elderly and young patients, CFP stem allows revisions to be performed with primary stems.