bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of ABCB1 DNA methylation in donors on tacrolimus blood concentrations in recipients following liver transplantation
Authors: Shi Chengcheng , Yan Liang , Gao Jie , Chen Shitong , Zhang Lirong 
Published: April 2022

AimsTo investigate the effects of ABCB1 DNA methylation in donors on individual differences in tacrolimus blood concentrations following liver transplantation.MethodsTwenty‐three donor liver samples carrying the CYP3A5*3/*3 genotype were classified into 2 groups based on their initial tacrolimus blood concentrations (C0 >10 μg/L or <5 μg/L) following liver transplantation. ABCB1 mRNA levels in liver tissues and HepG2 cells were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. DNA methylation status in liver tissues and HepG2 cells was determined using Illumina 850 methylation chip sequencing technology and pyrosequencing. 5‐Aza‐2dC was used to reverse methylation in HepG2 cells. Intracellular tacrolimus concentrations were determined by liquid mass spectrometry.ResultsGenome‐wide methylation sequencing and pyrosequencing analyses showed that the methylation levels of 3 ABCB1 CpG sites (cg12501229, cg00634941 and cg05496710) were significantly different between groups with different tacrolimus concentration/dose (C0/D) ratios. ABCB1 mRNA expression in donor livers was found to be positively correlated with tacrolimus C0/D ratio (R = .458, P < .05). After treatment with 5‐Aza‐2‐Dc, the methylation levels of the ABCB1 CpG sites in HepG2 cells significantly decreased, and this was confirmed by pyrosequencing; there was also a significant increase in ABCB1 transcription, which induced a decrease in intracellular tacrolimus concentrations.ConclusionABCB1 CpG site methylation affects tacrolimus metabolism in humans by regulating ABCB1 expression. Therefore, ABCB1 DNA methylation in donor livers might be an important epigenetic factor that affects tacrolimus blood concentrations following liver transplantation.
LEARN: a multicentre, cross‐sectional evaluation of Urology teaching in UK medical schools
Authors: Ng Alexander , V Wai‐Shun Chan , Asif Aqua , Light Alexander , Lam Chon Meng , Jayaraajan Keerthanaa , Cambridge William A. , Matthews Melissa Gillian , Kulkarni Meghana , S Zhi Yang Ooi , Nathan Arjun , Ahmed Najma , Gadhia Shivali , Morka Naomi , Hinchcliffe Zoe , Chen Wentin , Yoon Won Young , Das Kieran , Kufuor Risata A. , Patel Kenal , Ayres Ben , Dacre Jane , Harding Chris , Page Toby , Pearce Ian , Bhatt Nikita R. , Khadhouri Sinan , Kasivisvanathan Veeru ,   LEARN Study Group Collaborators
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the status of UK undergraduate urology teaching against the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) Undergraduate Syllabus for Urology. Secondary objectives included evaluating the type and quantity of teaching provided, the reported performance rate of General Medical Council (GMC)‐mandated urological procedures, and the proportion of undergraduates considering urology as a career.Subjects and MethodsThe uroLogical tEAching in bRitish medical schools Nationally (LEARN) study was a national multicentre cross‐sectional evaluation. Year 2 to Year 5 medical students and Foundation Year (FY) 1 doctors were invited to complete a survey between 3 October and 20 December 2020, retrospectively assessing the urology teaching received to date. Results are reported according to the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E‐Surveys (CHERRIES).ResultsIn all, 7063/8346 (84.6%) responses from all 39 UK medical schools were included; 1127/7063 (16.0%) were from FY1 doctors who reported that the most frequently taught topics in undergraduate training were on urinary tract infection (96.5%), acute kidney injury (95.9%) and haematuria (94.4%). The most infrequently taught topics were male urinary incontinence (59.4%), male infertility (52.4%) and erectile dysfunction (43.8%). Male and female catheterisation on patients as undergraduates was performed by 92.1% and 73.0% of FY1 doctors respectively, and 16.9% had considered a career in urology. Theory‐based teaching was mainly prevalent in the early years of medical school, with clinical skills teaching, and clinical placements in the later years of medical school. In all, 20.1% of FY1 doctors reported no undergraduate clinical attachment in urology.ConclusionThe LEARN Study is the largest ever evaluation of undergraduate urology teaching. In the UK, teaching seemed satisfactory as evaluated against the BAUS undergraduate syllabus. However, many students report having no clinical attachments in Urology and some newly qualified doctors report never having inserted a catheter, which is a GMC mandated requirement. We recommend a greater emphasis on undergraduate clinical exposure to urology and stricter adherence to GMC mandated procedures.
Using Andersen's behavioural model to examine individual and contextual factors associated with dental service utilization in Brazil
Authors: Galvão Maria Helena Rodrigues , Medeiros Arthur de Almeida , Roncalli Angelo Giuseppe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe study aimed to examine individual and contextual factors associated with the frequency of dental service utilization among adolescents, adults and older adults Brazilians.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used secondary data from the Brazilian 2019 National Health Survey (94 114 individuals). The outcome ‘when was your last dental appointment?’ was categorized into three groups: up to 1 year, more than 1 year and never had a dental appointment. Andersen's behavioural model was used to select contextual and individual variables. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsThe following variables showed increased probability to the outcome had the last dental appointment more than 1 year ago: older adult, illiterate or incomplete primary school, and without private dental insurance. The outcome never had a dental appointment was significantly associated with illiterate (OR 26.65; 95% CI 17.63–40.29), male (OR 2.38; 95% CI 2.17–2.61), without private dental insurance (OR 5.20; 95% CI 3.48–7.76), self‐rated oral health as bad or very bad (OR 2.67; 95% CI 2.31–3.09), household not enrolled in primary care teams (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.11–1.49), household in a rural area (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.69–2.05), high household crowding (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.04–1.14) and low household income per capita (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.99–0.99).ConclusionsThis study showed that contextual and individual factors induce inequity in dental appointments. Moreover, Andersen's behavioural model demonstrated inequitable access for dental services in Brazil, in which social structure and enabling characteristics, rather than the need for the service, determine who receives health care. Living in a household enrolled in primary care teams favoured regular dental appointments. Thus, these findings may help policymakers improve health access by expanding coverage of dental services in primary health care.
Double Prevention, Causal Judgments, and Counterfactuals
Authors: Henne Paul , O'Neill Kevin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMike accidentally knocked against a bottle. Seeing that the bottle was about to fall, Jack was just about to catch it when Peter accidentally knocked against him, making Jack unable to catch it. Jack did not grab the bottle, and it fell to the ground and spilled. In double‐prevention cases like these, philosophers and nonphilosophers alike tend to judge that Mike knocking into the bottle caused the beer to spill and that Peter knocking into Jack did not cause the beer to spill. This difference in causal judgment is a difficult puzzle for counterfactual theories of causal judgment; if each event had not happened, the outcome would not have, yet there is a difference in people's causal judgments. In four experiments and three supplemental experiments, we confirm this difference in causal judgments. We also show that differences in people's counterfactual thinking can explain this difference in their causal judgments and that recent counterfactual models of causal judgment can account for these patterns. We discuss these results in relation to work on counterfactual thinking and causal modeling.
Pain trajectories and well‐being in children and young people with cerebral palsy: A cohort study
Authors: Shearer Heather M. , Côté Pierre , Hogg‐Johnson Sheilah , Mckeever Patricia , Fehlings Darcy L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo identify 5‐week pain intensity trajectories and their association with physical and psychological well‐being in children/young people with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodA cohort study was conducted with 101 Canadian children/young people with CP, of whom 49 were female, with an overall mean age of 12 years 11 months (SD 3 years 1 month), range of 8 to 18 years, and classified in any Gross Motor Function Classification System level. Self‐reported pain intensity (Faces Pain Scale – Revised) was collected weekly for 5 weeks and physical and psychological well‐being (KIDSCREEN‐27) at baseline and 5 weeks. Statistical analyses included latent class growth and general linear models.ResultsAll Gross Motor Function Classification System levels were represented (I = 40.6%; II = 15.8%; III = 20.8%; IV = 13.9%; V = 8.9%). Five pain intensity trajectories were identified. Three trajectories had very low (35.4%), low (32.4%), or high (4.9%) mean stable pain. Two trajectories had moderate changing pain (16.8%) and high pain decreasing to moderate levels (10.5%) respectively. Trajectory participants with stable high pain had the lowest physical well‐being (adjusted β = −10.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −19.37 to −0.66). Those in the three trajectories with the highest mean baseline pain intensity (>3 out of 10) had the lowest psychological well‐being (adjusted β = −8.27, 95% CI = −14.84 to −1.70; β = −6.74, 95% CI = −12.43 to −1.05; β = −5.82, 95% CI = −15.34 to 3.71).InterpretationAlmost one‐third of participants had moderate‐to‐high pain intensity trajectories. Membership in the higher pain intensity trajectories was associated with lower physical and psychological well‐being.What this paper adds

Five distinct 5‐week pain intensity trajectories were identified in children/young people with cerebral palsy.
Thirty‐two per cent of participants had moderate‐to‐high pain intensity trajectories.
Participants in the trajectories with higher pain intensity reported lower physical and psychological well‐being.
Objective evaluation for analgesia of the distal interphalangeal joint, the navicular bursa and perineural analgesia in horses with naturally occurring forelimb lameness localised to the foot
Authors: Katrinaki Vasiliki , Estrada Roberto J. , Mählmann Kathrin , Kolokythas Panagiotis , Lischer Christophorus J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe outcome and interpretation of intra‐synovial diagnostic analgesia of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) and the navicular bursa (NB) remain in dispute, and no objective studies have been carried out to establish the percentage of improvement over time from these two analgesia techniques.ObjectivesTo investigate the qualitative and time‐dependent outcome of DIPJ‐A and NB‐A in naturally occurring forelimb lameness.Study designCase series.MethodsTwenty‐three clinical cases with forelimb lameness were evaluated objectively using a body mounted inertial sensor system (BMIS). Lameness was localised to the foot with a palmar digital nerve block and/or an abaxial sesamoidean nerve block on day 1, and analgesia of the DIPJ (DIPJ‐A) and NB (NB‐A) were performed on days 2 and 3. Improvement following perineural analgesia was measured after 10 min and intra‐synovial blocks after 2‐, 5‐ and 10‐min. Horses with at least 70% improvement measured objectively after diagnostic analgesia were included in the study.ResultsThere was no significant association between improvement following perineural analgesia and the DIPJ‐A and NB‐A. The mean improvement in the lameness differed between DIPJ‐A and NB‐A at 2 min (p < 0.001) and at 5 min (p = 0.04), and it was no longer observed after 10 min (p = 0.06). A positive NB‐A produced a high degree of improvement that remained stable, whereas the DIPJ‐A improved over time.Main limitationsPerineural and intra‐synovial analgesia were performed without contrast medium to assess the diffusion of mepivacaine.ConclusionsOur results suggest that perineural analgesia is not reliable enough to differentiate pain originating from DIPJ and NB. Early evaluation of the DIPJ‐A and NB‐A can determine the origin of the pain. An improvement following NB‐A was constant over time, but an improvement following DIPJ‐A varied by up to 10 min.
Verapamil downregulates iron uptake and upregulates divalent metal transporter 1 expression in H9C2 cardiomyocytes
Authors: Jiang Li‐Rong , Shen Meng‐Qi , Bao Yu‐Xin , Qian Zhong‐Ming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBelgrade rats have a defect in divalent metal transport 1 (DMT1) with a reduced heart iron, indicating that DMT1 plays a physiological role in non‐transferrin‐bound iron (NTBI) uptake by cardiomyocytes. However, L‐type voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channel (LVDCC) blockers were recently demonstrated to significantly reduce NTBI uptake by cardiomyocytes, implying that LVDCC plays a dominant role in NTBI uptake by cardiomyocytes under iron‐overloaded conditions. These findings led us to hypothesize that the LVDCC blocker‐induced reduction in NTBI uptake might result not only from the inhibition of LVDCC‐mediated NTBI uptake but also from the suppression of DMT1‐mediated NTBI uptake. We therefore investigated the effects of the LVDCC blocker verapamil on NTBI uptake as well as DMT1 expression in H9C2 cells by the measurement of radio‐labeled 55Fe(II), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and western blot analysis. We demonstrated that verapamil induced a significant reduction in NTBI uptake by H9C2 cells but also unexpectedly a remarkable increase rather than decrease in the expression of DMT1 mRNA and protein in H9C2 cells. Our findings imply that the verapamil‐induced reduction in NTBI uptake by H9C2 cells is not associated with DMT1 and also indicate that verapamil stimulates rather than inhibits DMT1 expression and DMT1‐mediated iron uptake by heart cells.
Three‐dimensional distribution of mesoplankton assemblages in the Central Atlantic
Authors: Vedenin Andrey , Musaeva Eteri , Vereshchaka Alexander 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimMesoplankton distribution depends on many factors including depth, hydrological parameters, trophic conditions, etc. Recent studies show a link between mesoplankton biomass and trophic factors in the deep sea, whereas relationships between deep‐sea mesoplankton structure/composition and trophic factors remain unknown.LocationCentral Atlantic, between 32°S and 42°N, 14°W and 46°W.Time periodSeptember–November 2012, 2013, 2016.Major taxa studiedAll mesoplankton taxa.MethodsWe linked composition of mesoplankton assemblages to trophic conditions: surface chlorophyll a (Chl) concentration and particulate organic carbon (POC) flux at different depths—the epipelagic (0–200 m), mesopelagic (200–800/1000 m), upper (800/1000–1500 m), and lower (1500–3000 m) bathypelagic. We collected 146 samples at 40 stations from corresponding depths with Bogorov–Rass plankton net (opening 1.0 m2, mesh 500 µm). The effect of trophic conditions on mesoplankton composition was analysed in horizontal and vertical dimensions using linear mixed‐effects models and canonical correspondence analyses (CCAs). Non‐transformed and transformed data matrices were processed using the Bray–Curtis similarity index, permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), similarity profiles permutation (SIMPROF) and Kruskal–Wallis tests, and Dunn’s post‐hoc comparisons. Diversity was estimated using the Shannon–Wiener and Hurlbert rarefaction indices.ResultsWe identified 118 zooplankton taxa including 90 copepods. The depth effect (vertical dimension of the trophic factor) was greater than the horizontal effect of Chl and POC distribution. The epi‐, meso‐, upper, and lower bathypelagic mesoplankton were further analysed separately. Five assemblages linked to Chl and POC were identified; two of them (an oligotrophic one in the Southern or Northern Gyre and a mesotrophic one in the Equatorial Atlantic) were recorded at all depths.Main conclusionsWe found a link between structure/composition of mesoplankton assemblages and trophic factors enabling projections of mesoplankton taxonomic structure throughout the water column using Chl and POC maps, respectively. These results will contribute to the development of ecological research methodology and to better understanding of carbon transport in the deep sea.
Luciferase‐based quantification of membrane fusion induced by SARS‐CoV‐2 S protein
Authors: Haga Kei , Takai‐Todaka Reiko , Sawada Akihito , Katayama Kazuhiko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic is caused by SARS‐CoV‐2. Although several effective vaccines that target the Spike protein on the viral surface have been deployed, additional therapeutic agents are urgently needed. Here, we developed a system to measure the Spike protein function by quantifying cellular membrane fusion induced by the Spike protein. The system enables the evaluation of the effects of drugs and neutralizing antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 without using live viruses. Furthermore, the system characterizes membrane fusion activity of the Spike protein of each variant to reveal that Delta variant has more potent than Wuhan and Omicron. Our system could lead to develop high‐throughput screening for drug candidates and neutralization antibodies that target virus entry and characterize Spike proteins from variants.
Health economic evaluation of endodontic therapies
Authors: Schwendicke Falk , Herbst Sascha Rudolf 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHealthcare is an expensive endeavour, and it is likely that costs for endodontic treatment will grow over the next decade. The assessment of costs and, in most cases, health outcomes, and the comparison of the cost‐health ratio of interventions, is at the heart of health economics. The present review aims to introduce the main concepts of health economic analysis, to systematically review the existing economic endodontic literature, and to deduce further action for the community. Overall, the identified body of evidence on the health economics of endodontic therapies is heterogenous and has several limitations: Not all studies identified robust data to inform their analyses and many relied on a wide range of assumptions, which were only explored for their impact in a limited way. However, a number of themes were identified from the review: (1) Maintaining pulpal vitality is preferable over root canal treatment if possible when it comes to cost‐effectiveness. (2) Retaining teeth is usually more cost‐effective than removing and replacing them. (3) Endodontic retreatment may be clinically indicated, but not always cost‐effective, and should hence be considered carefully. In conclusion, the general sparsity of economic analyses is a concern, as decision makers such as commissioners or those funding dental care increasingly rely on them. The endodontic community is called to action to improve the competency of both researchers to conduct such analyses and consider them when planning research, but also clinicians who should factor in health economics when assigning interventions. Health economics should become an accepted pillar of endodontic research.
Effects of various medical expense characteristics on the occurrence of household debt burden
Authors: Choi Hongcheol , Yoo Jaeeon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMedical expenses can aggravate the debt burden of households and in severe cases also lead to household bankruptcy. Using longitudinal data, this study identified various characteristics of medical expenses that could lead to household debt burden. In particular, we investigated whether household debt burden varied according to the beneficiary of medical expenses based on mental accounting. Data of 5007 households (number of observations = 34,071) from 2010 (13th wave) to 2018 (21st wave) surveys of the Korean Labor Panel were analysed using descriptive statistics and a random effect logistic regression model. Descriptive statistics showed that 8.3% of households began to feel debt burden during the survey period. The results of the random effects model revealed that the size of medical expense and debt impacted the probability of debt burden. Although medical expense support for parents or children living separately did not affect the household debt burden significantly, medical expense support for the spouse's parents increased the debt burden probability. The results showed that the household conducted mental accounting and it was driven by the subject with whom the household had a relationship. These results imply the necessity of expanding the medical insurance coverage to reduce the burden of medical expenses, and policies to supplement the gap or decrease in income caused by the occurrence of a medical event.
A new theoretical framework of shopping motives and channel preference behaviour in the digital era
Authors: Agrawal Durgesh Kumar , Gupta Sachin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe unprecedented dissemination of digital technology has changed people's psychology including their shopping behaviour in the last two decades. Smartphone led digital applications and advancements have disrupted consumers' shopping processes, purchase decisions, and priorities as well as increased their exposure, aspirations and expectations inevitably. Therefore, it is imperative to examine the relevance of various elements of shopping motives holistically. Therefore, the present study aims to develop a new theoretical framework based on significant elements of shopping motives for physical products in the digital technology era. For this purpose, an exploratory study, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modelling (SEM) were used. EFA generated five latent factors by grouping 18 independent variables. CFA validated latent factor construct and measured model fit. SEM visualized the path analysis and portrayed the pattern of relations between latent factors into a single factor structural model (consumer shopping motives framework). Results show that consumers' shopping priorities are changing as 3 conventional variables (‘role‐playing’, ‘status and authority’, and ‘pleasure of bargaining’) became obsolete and 3 new (‘anywhere and any‐time shopping’, ‘safe and secure digital transaction’, and ‘unbiased reviews and ratings”) came into existence prominently. The format and perspective of ‘fun, entertainment and recreation’ ‘social interaction and communication’, and ‘exposure to new and latest trends' have been changing. Consumers are becoming more technology‐dependent in their shopping processes and purchase decisions. The validation of the framework on channel preference behaviour revealed that consumers largely prefer offline channels for the fulfilment of risk‐free and social sub‐motives, and online channels for convenience sub‐motive. Therefore, broad structural change and clarity, specification of priorities, a shift in the format and perspective of few elements of shopping motives, intrinsic passion for the use of digital technology and web service in the shopping journey, and simplification of antecedents for growing popularity of multi‐channel shopping paradigm are the key novelty of this study.