bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
cyp21a2 Knockout Tadpoles Survive Metamorphosis Despite Low Corticosterone
Authors: Paul Bidisha , Shewade Leena H , Buchholz Daniel R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Corticosteroids are so vital for organ maturation that reduced corticosteroid signaling during postembryonic development causes death in terrestrial vertebrates. Indeed, death occurs at metamorphosis in frogs lacking proopiomelanocortin (pomc) or the glucocorticoid receptor (GR; nr3c1). Some residual corticosteroids exist in pomc mutants to activate the wild-type (WT) GR and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), and the elevated corticosteroids in GR mutants may activate MR. Thus, we expected a more severe developmental phenotype in tadpoles with inactivation of 21-hydroxylase, which should eliminate all interrenal corticosteroid biosynthesis. Using CRISPR/Cas9 in Xenopus tropicalis, we produced an 11-base pair deletion in cyp21a2, the gene encoding 21-hydroxylase. Growth and development were delayed in cyp21a2 mutant tadpoles, but unlike the other frog models, they survived metamorphosis. Consistent with an absence of 21-hydroxylase, mutant tadpoles had a 95% reduction of aldosterone in tail tissue, but they retained some corticosterone (∼40% of WT siblings), an amount, however, too low for survival in pomc mutants. Decreased corticosteroid signaling was evidenced by reduced expression of corticosteroid-response gene, klf9, and by impaired negative feedback in the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis with higher messenger RNA expression levels of crh, pomc, star, and cyp11b2 and an approximately 30-fold increase in tail content of progesterone. In vitro tail-tip culture showed that progesterone can transactivate the frog GR. The inadequate activation of GR by corticosterone in cyp21a2 mutants was likely compensated for by sufficient corticosteroid signaling from other GR ligands to allow survival through the developmental transition from aquatic to terrestrial life.
Effects of Elevated Maternal Adiposity on Offspring Reproductive Health: A Perspective From Epidemiologic Studies
Authors: Cinzori Maria E , Strakovsky Rita S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
One in seven couples in developed countries suffers from infertility. Maternal overweight or obesity have detrimental and lasting effects on offspring cardiometabolic health, and although substantially more data are needed, hormonal imbalances in utero resulting from excessive maternal adiposity could also disrupt reproductive programming and affect the future reproductive health of offspring. Therefore, this mini-review evaluates the human epidemiologic evidence that maternal overweight/obesity could be associated with poor reproductive health outcomes in offspring. We searched PubMed for relevant studies using terms such as “maternal obesity” and “reproductive development.” While the human epidemiologic literature is limited, studies have thus far observed that maternal obesity is associated with disrupted external genital development and several other markers of reproductive health across the lifespan. Specifically, maternal obesity is associated with higher risks of hypospadias and cryptorchidism in males and disrupted anogenital distance both in males and females. Maternal obesity has also been linked to earlier age at menarche in daughters, and precocious puberty in both sons and daughters. Finally, daughters of women with overweight or obesity have higher risks of developing polycystic ovarian syndrome, which has implications for fertility. This body of research suggests that in utero exposure to maternal obesity could disrupt reproductive system development, but substantially more evidence is needed, as almost no human epidemiologic studies have evaluated the long-term consequences of maternal obesity with regard to offspring fertility/fecundity.
Gender differences in character strengths among Chinese pre-adolescents and adolescents: a multidimensional scaling profile analysis
Authors: Huo Yan , Ding Cody , Xie Jin , Kristjánsson Kristján 
Published: October 2022

Background: The present study explores gender differences through a characterological lens, inspired by the positive-psychological VIA-Youth measure. Existing research on gender differences in character development has established a certain stereotype of girls outperforming boys in western culture. Methods: Based on a sample of 695 students in elementary, middle, and high school students, we analyzed gender differences in character development in the Chinese cultural context using multidimensional scaling (MDS) profile analysis, providing a cultural account of gender differences via profile patterns. Results: Our study identified specific items where pre-adolescent and adolescent boys outperformed girls (while acknowledging there are also specific items where girls outperformed boys) based on data sourced from a Chinese context. We found gender differences in the same character strengths due to situational factors, such as intensive and sustained educational interventions and established gender traditions/expectations, which can shape the exhibition of particular character strengths differently among girls and boys. Conclusion: Findings can offer an antidote to a Western-dominated research perspective on character or moral education. It enriches the literature on moral education in a different cultural context and provides evidence of gender differences in character strengths.
Teachers perceived self-efficacy in multicultural classrooms
Authors: Mäe Karolin , Ümarik Meril 
Published: October 2022

Uuringu keskmes on õpetaja tajutud enesetõhusus mitmekultuurilises klassiruumis. Analüüs põhineb poolstruktureeritud intervjuudel Eesti põhikooli õpetajatega (N = 20), kellel on eelnev kogemus teisest kultuuriruumist pärit õpilaste õpetamisega. Temaatilise analüüsi tulemusena selgub, et kõrgema enesetõhususega õpetajad kasutavad kultuuritundliku õpetamise strateegiaid, näiteks avatusele suunatud klassikeskkonna kujundamine, eri vaatenurkade avamine klassiruumis, õpilase individuaalsusega arvestamine ning heade suhete loomine õppijatega. Uuringu tulemusena selgub, et enesetõhusust toetavad tegurid on eelnev kogemus mitmekesise õppijaskonnaga, koostöine koolikultuur, koolituste abil pädevuste suurendamine, võõrkeele oskus, avatud suhtumine ja välismaal elamise kogemus. Õpetajatele on suurimad katsumused ühise keele leidmine teisest kultuuriruumist pärit õppijatega, aja- või materjalide nappus, psühholoogia valdkonna pädevuste vajakajäämine ning läbipõlemine.
Summary
Academic achievement of immigrant children in Irish primary schools: the role of capitals and school context
Authors: McGinnity Fran , Murray Aisling , Darmody Merike 
Published: October 2022

Õppeedukus on üks peamistest näitajatest, mille põhjal ennustada edasist töist edu. Samas on varasemad uuringud näidanud, et paljudes riikides on rändetaustaga lastel keeruline saavutada emakeeles haridust omandavate eakaaslastega samaväärseid õpitulemusi. Hoolimata hariduspürgimustest võib rändetaustaga vanematel olla keeruline oma sotsiaalset ja kultuurilist kapitali konverteerida nii, et see toetaks nende laste saavutusi sihtriigis. Iirimaa on huvitav näide, sest selles riigis toimus mitmekesise taustaga sisserändajate (paljud neist eurooplased) laialdane ja kiire ühinemine koolisüsteemiga, kus õpivad valdavalt valged, iiri- ja ingliskeelsed katoliiklikest peredest pärit lapsed. Toetudes rändetaustaga laste ja noorte akadeemilist edukust käsitlevale ulatuslikule teaduskirjandusele, uuritakse siinses töös üheksa-aastaste rändetaustaga laste akadeemilist edukust uues sisseränderiigis vahetult pärast sisserände kõrghetke. Tulemused näitavad, et erinevalt paljudest vanadest sisserändajaid vastu võtvatest riikidest jäävad sisserändajate saavutused Iirimaal vaid veidi maha kohalike laste tasemest, kusjuures sotsiaalne ja kultuuriline kapital mõjutab oluliselt lugemisoskust inglise keeles, eriti Ida-Euroopa lastel, kelle puhul oli lõhe suurim. Hiljutiste rändetaustaga laste keelelise lõimumise mustrite adumine võib aidata meil mõista neid protsesse laste ja nende perekondade hilisema liikumise korral Euroopas.
Full text
Academic achievement of immigrant children in Irish primary schools: the role of capitals and school context
Authors: McGinnity Fran , Murray Aisling , Darmody Merike 
Published: October 2022

Educational achievement is one of the key indicators of labour market success, yet previous research shows that in many countries, children from immigrant backgrounds struggle to match their native peers in terms of achievement. Despite high educational aspirations, migrant parents may struggle to "convert" their social and cultural capital to support their children’s achievement in their country of destination. Ireland is an interesting case study as there was substantial and rapid immigration of a diverse group of migrants, many of whom were European, to a school system that was predominantly White, Catholic, Irish and English-speaking. Drawing on the extensive literature on academic achievement of immigrant children and youth, this paper explores the academic achievement of 9-year-old immigrant children in a ‘new immigration country’, just after the peak of inward migration. The results show that unlike in many ‘old’ immigrant-receiving countries, the immigrant "penalty" in achievement in Ireland is modest, with social and cultural capital playing a salient role in English reading achievement, particularly for East Europeans, for whom the gap is greatest. Understanding the patterns of linguistic integration for recent migrant children may help us understand these processes in the case of subsequent movements of children and their families in Europe.
Community-based language learning – an opportunity to increase the motivation for language learning
Authors: Klaas-Lang Birute 
Published: October 2022

Artikkel keskendub Eestis seni käsitlemata valdkonnale täiskasvanute eesti keele teise keelena õppes – kogukondlikule keeleõppele kui keeleõppe motivatsiooni kasvatavale tugisüsteemile. Kogukondlik keeleõpe on uus paradigma, mis ühendab teoreetilise ja osaoskuste õppe ning kunstlikult kujundatud situatsioonid klassiruumis tegeliku keeleeluga, sotsiaalse praktikaga. Esmalt analüüsin artiklis eesti keele teise keelena täiskasvanud õppijate sihtrühma erisusi Euroopa tavapraktikaga võrreldes ja teen kokkuvõtte senistest uuringutest, mis analüüsivad selle sihtrühma õppe tulemuslikkust, sealhulgas loomuliku keelekeskkonna tuge ja tähtsust selles protsessis kui ühte olulist motivaatorit õppija jaoks. Seejärel tutvustan kogukondliku keeleõppe teoreetilist raamistikku ja praktikat ning rahvusvahelist (aga ka Eesti) praktikat keeleõppe tugiisikute tegevuste kujundamisel. Analüüsin ka emakeelse kõneleja rolli uuskõneleja toetamisel. Kasutan mitmesugustes projektides kogutud kvalitatiivset materjali (õpetajad, uuskõnelejad), paigutades selle kogukondliku keeleõppe diskursusesse.
Summary
Identifying developmental language disorders in bilingual children: a pilot study for developing an Estonian sentence repetition task
Authors: Padrik Marika , Vihman Virve-Anneli , Fil Olga 
Published: October 2022

Keelepuude märkamine kakskeelsetel lastel on keeruline: lapse raskusi põhjendatakse kakskeelsusega või kakskeelsele lapsele omast arengut peetakse keelepuudeks. Vaja on objektiivseid hindamisvahendeid. Uuringu eesmärk on selgitada välja lausemallid ja laused laste keeletöötlusvõimet hindava lausete järelekordamistesti jaoks. Testis sisalduvad laused peavad olema jõukohased kakskeelsetele lastele ning arvestama keelepuudega lastel eesti keeles avalduvaid eripäraseid raskusi. Valimi moodustasid 76 last vanuses 5.0–6.11, kes jagunesid nelja rühma: eakohase arenguga ükskeelsed (29), vene-eesti kakskeelsed (20), keelepuudega ükskeelsed (20), keelepuudega kakskeelsed (7). Prooviuuringu tulemusel valiti testi loomise järgmisse etappi 14 mallist 10 (igas 3–4 lauset). Lisaks annab artikkel õpetajatele kasulikku teavet 5–6aastaste kakskeelsete laste süntaktiliste oskuste kohta.
Summary
Mitmekeelne erivajadusega õpilane koolis. Sissejuhatus käsiraamatusse
Authors: Hallap Merit , Padrik Marika 
Published: October 2022

Käsiraamatu sihtrühmaks on õpetajad, kelle klassis või rühmas õpib laps, kes omandab eesti keelt teise keelena, kuid vajab kaaslastega võrreldes suuremat tuge. Raamat aitab õpetajal paremini mõista keele omandamise raskuste põhjusi erinevat laadi erivajadustega õpilastel ja märgata keelepuuet mitmekeelsel lapsel. Autorid tutvustavad eripedagoogilisi võtteid selliste õpilaste toetamiseks praktiliste näidete ja juhtumite toel.
Türkiye ve Seçilmiş Avrupa Ülkelerinin Göçmen Entegrasyon Politikalarının Karşılaştırmalı Olarak İncelenmesi
Authors: USTABULUT Mete Yusuf , BOYLU Emrah , BAŞAR Umut 
Published: October 2022

2000’li yıllardan itibaren bölgesel krizler sebebiyle Orta Doğu’da en çok göç alan ülkelerden biri olan Türkiye’nin göçmen entegrasyon politikası da göç alan diğer ülkeler gibi “Göçmen Entegrasyon
Politikası Endeksi” (MIPEX) kapsamında değerlendirilmektedir. Söz konusu endeks ülkeleri; iş gücü piyasası hareketliliği, aile birleşimi, eğitim, sağlık, siyasi katılım, daimî ikamet, uyruğa erişim ve ayrımcılıkla mücadele olmak üzere sekiz ana başlıkta puanlandırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, söz konusu endeksin 2015 ve 2020 çıktıları doğrultusunda Türkiye’nin göçmen politikası puanlamasındaki değişimi, altı Avrupa ülkesiyle (Almanya, Belçika, Fransa, Norveç, Finlandiya, İsveç) karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. İncelemede, 2015 MIPEX raporunda Türkiye ile söz konusu Avrupa ülkeleri arasında endeks puanı açısından ciddi fark bulunmaktayken 2020 raporunda farkın azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. 2020 raporuna göre Türkiye, göçmen entegrasyon politika puanlarında ciddi artış (+17) yapmış ve bunun sonucunda “Biraz Olumsuz”’ olan politika göstergesi “Yarı Olumlu”ya yükselmiştir. Bu puan ve yükseliş, her ne kadar istenilen düzeyde olmasa da bir sonraki raporda Türkiye’nin entegrasyon politikalarında çok kapsamlı iyileşmelerin görüleceğine işaret olarak algılanabilir.
Radiological malunion after ankle fractures in older adults
Authors: Knight Ruth , Keene David J. , Dutton Susan J. , Handley Robert , Willett Keith 
Published: October 2022

Aims The rationale for exacting restoration of skeletal anatomy after unstable ankle fracture is to improve outcomes by reducing complications from malunion; however, current definitions of malunion lack confirmatory clinical evidence. Methods Radiological (absolute radiological measurements aided by computer software) and clinical (clinical interpretation of radiographs) definitions of malunion were compared within the Ankle Injury Management (AIM) trial cohort, including people aged ≥ 60 years with an unstable ankle fracture. Linear regressions were used to explore the relationship between radiological malunion (RM) at six months and changes in function at three years. Function was assessed with the Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS), with a minimal clinically important difference set as six points, as per the AIM trial. Piecewise linear models were used to investigate new radiological thresholds which better explain symptom impact on ankle function. Results Previously described measures of RM and surgeon opinion of clinically significant malunion (CSM) were shown to be related but with important differences. CSM was more strongly related to outcome (-13.9 points on the OMAS; 95% confidence interval (CI) -21.9 to -5.4) than RM (-5.5 points; 95% CI -9.8 to -1.2). Existing malunion thresholds for talar tilt and tibiofibular clear space were shown to be slightly conservative; new thresholds which better explain function were identified (talar tilt > 2.4°; tibiofibular clear space > 6 mm). Based on this new definition the presence of RM had an impact on function, which was statistically significant, but the clinical significance was uncertain (-9.1 points; 95% CI -13.8 to -4.4). In subsequent analysis, RM of a posterior malleolar fracture was shown to have a statistically significant impact on OMAS change scores, but the clinical significance was uncertain (-11.6 points; 95% CI -21.9 to -0.6). Conclusion These results provide clinical evidence which supports the previously accepted definitions. Further research to investigate more conservative clinical thresholds for malunion is indicated. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(10):841–849.
An analysis of the causes of exhaustion among physicians working in family physician teams during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania
Authors: Budrevičiūtė Aida , Raila Gediminas , Paukštaitienė Renata , Valius Leonas 
Published: October 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic had a severe impact on public life around the world, influencing medicine and health, the economy, employment, science, and education. Health care specialists are key workers who faced extreme challenges posed by the pandemic, including threats to their own lives due to the rapid spread of the virus, a huge increase in workload, and professional burnout syndrome. Analysis of the factors that physicians found most exhausting during the pandemic could lay the groundwork for the effective management of future crises.

Objective
To identify the factors that physicians working in family physician (family and internal medicine) teams found most exhausting during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania and assess their causes.

Methods
An anonymous survey of physicians (n = 191) working in family physician teams was carried out from 21 June 2021 to 17 September 2021. Physicians signed an informed consent form prior to completion of the questionnaire. Mixed data analysis was performed, consisting of statistical analysis using the SPSS 27 software and a qualitative causal analysis.

Results
During the pandemic, physicians were most exhausted by: chaotic vaccination priorities (44.5%); unsatisfied patients (52.4%); constantly changing legislation (71.7%); the large workload (75.9%); and the malfunctioning of online systems (81.2%).

Conclusions
Physicians in family physician teams indicated the following aspects that require improvement: service provision; effective work organization for physicians; and the satisfaction of patients with decisions made during the pandemic.
Attitudes of university hospital staff towards in-house assisted suicide
Authors: Gamondi Claudia , Gayet-Ageron Angèle , Borasio Gian Domenico , Hurst Samia , Jox Ralf J. , Ricou Bara 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate staff attitudes toward assisted suicide in the hospital setting in Switzerland.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTwo University Hospitals in French speaking regions of Switzerland.Participants13’834 health care professionals, including all personnel caring for patients, were invited to participate.Main outcome measures and other variablesAttitudes towards the participation of hospital health care professionals in assisted suicide were investigated with an online questionnaire.ResultsAmong all invited professionals, 5’127 responded by filling in the survey at least partially (response rate 37.0%), and 3’683 completed the entire survey (26.6%). 73.0% of participants approved that this practice should be authorized in their hospital and saw more positive than negative effects. 57.6% would consider assisted suicide for themselves. Non-medical professionals were 1.28 to 5.25 times more likely to approve assisted suicide than physicians (p<0.001). 70.7% of respondents indicated that each professional should have the choice of whether to assist in suicide.ConclusionsThis multiprofessional survey sheds light on hospital staff perceptions of assisted suicide happening within hospital walls, which may inform the development of rules considering their wishes but also their reluctances. Further research using a mixed-methods approach could help reach an in-depth understanding of staff’s attitudes and considerations towards assisted suicide practices.
Assessment of health staff’s proficiency and quality of key malaria indicators in rural district of Ghana
Authors: Okyere Boadu Richard , Karimeni Karimu Hor , Okyere Boadu Kwame Adu , Uwumbornyi Lasim Obed , Agyei Boatemaa Lady , Abotiba Atinbire Solomon , Kumasenu Mensah Nathan 
Published: October 2022

Background
Routine Health Information Systems (RHIS) are important for not just sure enough control of malaria, but its elimination as well. If these systems are working, they can extensively provide accurate data on reported malaria cases instead of presenting modelled approximations of malaria burden. Queries are raised on both the quality and use of generated malaria data. Some issues of concern include inaccurate reporting of malaria cases as well as treatment plans, wrongly categorizing malaria cases in registers used to collate data and misplacing data or registers for reporting. This study analyses data quality concerning health staff’s proficiency, timeliness, availability and data accuracy in the Sissala East Municipal Health Directorate (MHD).

Methods
A cross-sectional design was used to collect data from 15 facilities and 50 health staff members who offered clinical related care for malaria cases in the Sissala East MHD from 24th August 2020 to 17th September 2020. Fifteen health facilities were randomly selected from the 56 health facilities in the municipality that were implementing the malarial control programme, and they were included in the study.

Results
On the question of when did staff receive any training on malaria-related health information management in the past six months prior to the survey, as minimal as 13 out of 50(26%) claimed to have been trained, whereas the majority 37 out of 50 (74%) had no training. In terms of proficiency in malaria indicators (MI), the majority (68% - 82%) of the respondents could not demonstrate the correct calculations of the indicators. Nevertheless, the MHD recorded monthly average timeliness of the 5th day [range: 4.7–5.7] within the reporting year. However, the MHD had a worse average performance of 5.4th and 5.7th days in July and September respectively. Furthermore, results indicated that 14 out of 15(93.3%) facilities exceeded the target to accomplish report availability (> = 90%) and data completeness (> = 90%). However, the verification factor (VF) of the overall malaria indicator showed that the MHD neither over-reported nor under-reported actual cases, with the corresponding level of data quality as Good (+/-5%).

Conclusions
The Majority of staff had not received any training on malaria-related RHIS. Some staff members did not know the correct definitions of some of MI used in the malaria programme, while the majority of them could not demonstrate the correct calculations of MI. Timeliness of reporting was below the target, nevertheless, copies of data that were submitted were available and completed. There should be training, supervision and monitoring to enhance staff proficiency and improve the quality of MI.