bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards Reforming the Education System in India
Authors: Radhakrishna R 
Published: April 2022

Issue: Nov-Dec 2020
Education is a major determinant of human resource development which enables people to get better insights into the complex world they inhabit, enabling them to harness and experience their potential capabilities. This paper scrutinises the performance of the entire gamut of the education sector of India. To weigh this performance with some yardstick, the study makes a comparison of India’s performance with that of other BRICS countries. The study focuses on governance structure, quality of educational standards, and inequality issues, and addresses the issues relating to increasing prominence of privatization at all levels of education and its consequences on efficiency and equity in educational facilities. Overall, the study stresses the importance of “more and better education” including high levels of technical knowledge and skill formation. It highlights the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the education sector in India. Finally, it identifies the emerging challenges in higher education and suggests reforms for achieving efficiency with equity which is the sine qua non for building a better and advanced society.
A COVID-19 Vaccine Deployment Strategy for India
Authors: Naik Shambhavi , Paleja Ameya , Mahajan Mihir , Ramachandran Narayan , Dixit Sunila , Matthan Rahul , Pai Nitin , Kotasthane Pranay 
Published: April 2022

Issue: Nov-Dec 2020
Deploying COVID-19 vaccines once they are available is going to be an unprecedented administrative and logistical challenge. This paper proposes a plan to vaccinate 80% of India’s population by December 2021. We envision this process to be divided into four main stages viz., estimating the need, securing vaccine supply, distributing the vaccines, and post-market surveillance. Broadly, we suggest that essential workers be prioritised for vaccination in the first phase followed by everyone else. We recommend that the government issue a model contract to build manufacturer trust and incentivise ramping up manufacturing capacity. Vaccines can be priced as per market rates with the government subsidising the cost to necessary recipients to ensure equitable access. Along with public private partnerships and open markets, the government must leverage administrative capacities of Election Commission of India to roll out a nationwide vaccination drive for maximising vaccine coverage. Finally, we recommend post-market vaccine surveillance strategies to obtain data on adverse events and tweak vaccine deployments, when necessary.
A Gentle Book by a Gentleman
Authors: Ramachandran Narayan 
Published: April 2022

Issue: Mar-Apr 2021
This book is a useful read, despite its moderation, because, so few books have been written about India’s contemporary political economy. Montek’s book Backstage offers a clearer picture of an important time and fills in the gaps on some of the characters involved. Montek’s penchant for comprehensive rather than piece-meal reform is a good takeaway for a younger generation of economic policy makers.
Hydropower Development in China: A Leapfrog Development Secured by Technological Progress of Dam Construction
Authors: Shang Yizi , Li Xiaofei , Shang Ling 
Published: April 2022

It has been over 110 years since China’s first hydropower station, Shilongba Hydropower Station, was built in 1910. With the support of advanced dam construction technology, the Chinese installed capacity keeps rising rapid growth, hitting around 356 GW nationwide by the end of 2019, and the annual electricity production exceeds 10,000 TWh. At present, China contributes to 25% of global installed hydropower capacity, ranking first in the world for 20 consecutive years since 2001 and surpassing the combined of the 4 countries ranking second to fifth. This paper reviews China’s progress in the context of global hydropower development and examines the role of technological advance in supporting China’s hydropower projects, especially dam construction technology. China is currently actively promoting the “integration of wind, solar, hydro, and coal power generation and energy storage” and building a smart grid of multi-energy complementary power generation. New technologies and new concepts are expected to continue to lead the world’s hydropower development trends.
Escravos japoneses, chineses e coreanos nas redes mercantis portuguesas (séculos XVI e XVII)
Authors: Faria Patricia Souza de 
Published: April 2022

Resenha de:
SOUSA, Lúcio de. The Portuguese Slave Trade in Early Modern Japan: Merchants, Jesuits, and Japanese, Chinese, and Korean Slaves. Leiden: Brill, 2019. 594 p.
Workplace bullying and tiredness at work: A cross-lagged prospective study of causal directions and the moderating effects of a conflict management climate
Authors: Rosander Michael , Nielsen Morten Birkeland 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To prospectively investigate the reciprocal associations between tiredness at work (TAW) and exposure to bullying behaviors and to determine the role of conflict management climate (CMC) as a moderator of these associations.

Methods
A two-wave national probability sample of employees in Sweden (18 months between waves, 921 participated at both waves) measuring TAW, workplace bullying, and CMC. Structural equation modelling was used to test four hypotheses about the longitudinal associations between feeling tired at work and bullying, and CMC as a moderator for the two directions.

Results
In the analyses of cross-lagged effects, tiredness was significantly associated with an increase in subsequent bullying (β = 0.08, P = .01). Exposure to bullying was not associated with changes in tiredness. CMC moderated the association between tiredness and subsequent bullying (β = −0.13, 95% CI [−0.19, −0.08]), showing an increased risk of exposure to bullying behaviors following tiredness when CMC was low and decreased risk when CMC was high.

Conclusions
TAW is a risk factor for subsequent bullying. Finding ways to help employees to reduce tiredness not only will help them perform better at work but also reduce the risk of them becoming targets of bullying. A strong CMC can act as a buffer if a tired person provoke aggression from co-workers.
Low back pain and telecommuting in Japan: Influence of work environment quality
Authors:   CORoNaWork Project, Matsugaki Ryutaro , Ishimaru Tomohiro , Hino Ayako , Muramatsu Keiji , Nagata Tomohisa , Ikegami Kazunori , Tateishi Seiichiro , Tsuji Mayumi , Matsuda Shinya , Fujino Yoshihisa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study examined the relationship between frequency of working from home and low back pain (LBP), considering the quality of work environment.

Methods
The study was based on a cross-sectional internet-based survey. Of 33 302 respondents, data from 12 774 desk workers were retained for analysis. We used a 0–10 numerical rating scale to assess LBP. Work environment was assessed using five subjective questions. Mixed-effects logistic regression nested by city level was used to analyze the relationship between frequency of working from home and LBP, stratified by work environment condition.

Results
The prevalence of LBP was 21.0%. Among those reporting a poor work environment, as opposed to almost never working from home, the multivariate odds ratio (OR) of LBP were as follows: working from home less than 1 day per week: OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 0.89–1.76, p = .190; 2–3 days per week: OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.16–2.16, p = .004; and 4 or more days per week: OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.38–2.40, p &lt; .001. By contrast, among those reporting a good work environment, the OR of LBP did not increase as the frequency of working from home increased.

Conclusions
The relationship between LBP and frequency of working from home was found to vary with the quality of the work environment; more specifically, LBP was associated with frequency of teleworking in a poor work environment. This study suggests that employers should give more support to their employees in promoting a good work environment to prevent LBP. (Words: 240/250).
A meta‐analysis of the effects of habitat aridity, evolutionary history of grazing and grazing intensity on bee and butterfly communities worldwide
Authors: Thapa‐Magar Khum Bahadur , Davis Thomas Seth , Fernández‐Giménez María E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A variety of habitat‐associated factors moderate effects of grazing on insect biodiversity. Here, we examine how aridity, evolutionary history of grazing and grazing intensity individually and interactively mediate the effect of livestock grazing on pollinator biodiversity (native bees and butterflies).
Using a meta‐analysis of 59 studies published in the primary literature, we characterized the response of pollinator communities to grazing across several continents.
In very humid habitats, high grazing intensities generally had negative impacts on pollinator abundance and richness, but these effects were not found in semi‐arid habitats, where livestock grazing intensity did not interact with aridity to impact pollinator abundance or richness. However, within semi‐arid habitats livestock grazing was associated with reduced pollinator richness in areas with short evolutionary histories grazing.
Pollinator life history mediated effects of livestock grazing on pollinator communities: livestock grazing had negative impacts on richness of social bees and butterflies but not solitary bees, though abundances of all three pollinator categories were consistently reduced under livestock grazing.
Our synthesis suggests that effects of cattle on pollinators may be driven by impacts on nesting habitats (e.g. soil compaction), rather than consumption or alteration of forb cover. Our collective findings have importance for coordinating grazing management and pollinator conservation efforts and help to distinguish how grazing practices could impact pollinator biodiversity across ecoclimatic regions.
Creative AI: Augmenting Design Potency
Authors: Bolojan Daniel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAssistant Professor at Florida Atlantic University School of Architecture, founder of Nonstandardstudio and a PhD student in Vienna, Daniel Bolojan researches AI‐augmented systems that have the potential to liberate architects’ and designers’ creativity. This is not to say that human imagination and machine learning should be equated; they are very different in the way they function and respond to the world, but when combined they offer new creative opportunities.
Strange, But Familiar Enough: The Design Ecology of Neural Architecture
Authors: del Campo Matias , Manninger Sandra 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCo‐founders and principals of architecture firm SPAN and architectural academics based at the University of Michigan, Matias del Campo and Sandra Manninger describe how they became aware of AI technology, setting out some key collaborations, familiarising us with the concept of ‘defamiliarisation’ and introducing us to some of SPAN's explorations in AI and architecture.
Synthesising Artificial Intelligence and Physical Performance
Authors: Menges Achim , Wortmann Thomas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAt the Institute for Computational Design and Construction (ICD) at the University of Stuttgart, its founding director Achim Menges, who also directs the Cluster for Excellence for Integrative Computational Design and Construction for Architecture (IntCDC), and tenure‐track professor Thomas Wortmann illustrate some of their group's research into the exploration of material performance and structures utilising AI and robotics.
Lasing from Laminated Quasi‐2D/3D Perovskite Planar Heterostructures
Authors: Li Yang , Roger Julie , Allegro Isabel , Fischer Jan C. , Jin Qihao , Lemmer Uli , Howard Ian A. , Paetzold Ulrich W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPlanar heterostructures are widely used in commercial III–V semiconductor lasers, but not yet explored for perovskite gain media. This study investigates the gain performance of a CsPbBr3(BABr)x/CsPbBr3 (quasi‐2D/3D) perovskite planar heterostructure fabricated by lamination. The resulting heterostructure is designed to enhance the photon and excited‐state density in a non‐quantum‐confined thin 3D layer (30 nm) by simultaneously 1) confining the optical mode and 2) supporting excited‐state transfer from the wider‐bandgap quasi‐2D perovskite to the lower‐bandgap 3D perovskite. This allows the low amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) threshold of 150 (±20) µJ cm−2 and lasing threshold of 46 (±15) µJ cm−2 to be realized in such a heterostructure under nanosecond pumping. Further modeling reveals that the ASE performance can be significantly improved via maximizing the excited‐state transfer efficiency (only 14% for current prototypes) and highlights the potential of perovskite planar heterostructures as high‐performance gain media.
Crowning Lithium Ions in Hole‐Transport Layer toward Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Shen Ying , Deng Kaimo , Chen Qinghua , Gao Gui , Li Liang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractState‐of‐the‐art perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit comparable power conversion efficiency (PCE) to that of silicon photovoltaic devices. However, the device stability remains a major obstacle that restricts widespread application. Doping‐induced hygroscopicity, ion diffusion, and use of polar solvents in the hole‐transport layer are detrimental factors for performance degradation of PSCs. Here, phase‐transfer‐catalyzed LiTFSI doping in Spiro‐OMeTAD is developed to address these negative impacts. 12‐Crown‐4 as an efficient phase‐transfer catalyst promotes the dissolution of LiTFSI without requiring acetonitrile. A combined experimental and theoretical study demonstrates the host–guest interaction between Li+ ions and 12‐crown‐4. Crowning Li+ ions by forming more stable and less diffusive crown‐ether–Li+ complexes retards the generation of hygroscopic lithium oxides and mitigates Li+‐ion migration. Optimized PSCs deliver enhanced PCE and significantly improved stability under humid and thermal conditions compared with a control device. This method can also be applied to dope π‐conjugated polymer. The findings provide a facile avenue to improve the long‐term stability of PSCs.
Highly Efficient and Stable Near‐Infrared Broadband Garnet Phosphor for Multifunctional Phosphor‐Converted Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Ye , Wang Zhijun , Wei Guohui , Yang Yuanbo , He Shaoxuan , Li Jiehong , Shi Yawei , Li Rui , Zhang Jiawei , Li Panlai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBroadband near‐infrared (NIR) phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LED) are ideal light sources to meet the next generation of NIR spectroscopy. However, NIR phosphors have numerous problems such as low quantum yields (QY) and low thermal stability. In this work, a series of Gd3YxInxGa5‐2xO12:Cr3+ NIR broadband phosphors with high internal quantum yields (IQYs) and high thermal stability are discovered by uniquely replacing GaO6 in Gd3Ga5O12 with Y3+ and In3+ in a co‐doped manner through cation modulation. Under 449 nm excitation, Gd3Y0.5In0.5Ga4O12 (GYIG):yCr3+ depicts emission from 650 to 1050 nm with a full‐width at half maximum (FWHM) of 134 nm. The emission intensity reaches its optimum value at y = 6%, while the IQY reaches an impressive 81.8% and, at 375 K, the emission intensity remains at room temperature of 94.1%. Excitingly, the obtained phosphors are made into pc‐LEDs. At 0.28 W output power and 0.1 A output current, NIR pc‐LED has a NIR photoelectricity conversion efficiency of 15%; more promising is that when the output power is increased to 2.247 W, the pc‐LED photoelectric conversion efficiency can still maintain at 8.5%, which can be applied in different fields such as plant lighting, night vision, biological tissue penetration, and object detection.
Diastereospecific Enantiodivergent Allylation of Pyrazolones as an Entry to β‐Aminoamides
Authors: Wannenmacher Nick , Heberle Martin , Yu Xin , Demircan Aysegül , Wanner Daniel M. , Pfeffer Camilla , Peters René 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA diastereospecific enantiodivergent allylation of pyrazolones is reported which is catalyzed by a planar chiral pentaphenylferrocene based palladacycle. With the same catalyst batch both product enantiomers were selectively available. The method is applicable to structurally diverse substrates and gave products with enantiomeric excesses between 85 and 94%. In addition, we could show that pyrazolones are transformable into β‐aminoamides.magnified image
In Tandem Contact‐Transfer Printing for High‐Performance Transient Electronics
Authors: Dahiya Abhishek Singh , Christou Adamos , Neto João , Zumeit Ayoub , Shakthivel Dhayalan , Dahiya Ravinder 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHigh‐performance flexible electronics developed with resource efficient printing route will transform the way future electronics is manufactured and used to advance applications such as healthcare, Internet of Things, wearables, consumer electronics, etc. Herein, an innovative approach is presented that involves, for the first time, the in‐tandem use of contact and transfer printing methods to realize high‐quality electronic layers at selected locations on rigid (Si/SiO2), flexible (polyimide), and biodegradable (magnesium (Mg) foils). Superior grade quality of printed electronic layers is demonstrated by realizing transistors and printed UV photodetectors (PDs) employing high‐resolution electrohydrodynamic printing. The all‐printed PDs show extremely high performance for UV detection, with extraordinary high responsivity (>107 A W−1) and specific detectivity (≈1017 Jones) values at low UV intensity of 0.1 µW cm−2. Finally, the fabricated PDs on Mg foil are dissolved in deionized water at room temperature. Thus, in‐tandem contact and transfer printing has potential for ecofriendly development of transient electronics. Further, the approach allows printing of wide range of nanomaterials and heterostructures or complex superlattice structures, which can open exciting new possibilities for high‐performance electronics.
Four‐Electron Transfer Reaction Endows High Capacity for Aqueous Cu–Se Battery
Authors: Zhang Junwei , Zhang Xikun , Xu Chiwei , Yan Huihui , Liu Yiwen , Xu Jiaxi , Yu Haoxiang , Zhang Liyuan , Shu Jie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSelenium as a potential alternative cathode material for storing metal ions exhibits a series of advantages such as favorable electronic conductivity, attractive volumetric specific capacity, and mass density. However, due to the shortage of feasible redox couples for conversion reactions, the development of Se‐based batteries has been seriously impeded. Herein, based on the quantitative analysis of chemical thermodynamic properties, a novel conversion‐type Cu–Se battery is constructed with Cu2+ as the variable‐valence charge carrier. Benefitting from the synergism between the variable‐valence charge carrier and the chemical stability of copper selenides, the Cu–Se battery delivers a high initial reversible capacity of 1045.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, exceptional long‐span cycling stability with 89.7% capacity retention over 1500 cycles at 2 A g−1, and outstanding rate performance. Under a joint theoretical and experimental study from density functional theory calculations, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, it is demonstrated that the energy storage mechanism is a stepwise four‐electron conversion process of Se↔CuIISe↔CuI2Se. Thus, this work establishes an available aqueous Cu–Se battery with excellent performance and paves the way for exploring more promising metal–Se batteries by screening thermodynamic parameters.
Design Rules for Polymer Blends with High Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Zapata‐Arteaga Osnat , Marina Sara , Zuo Guangzheng , Xu Kai , Dörling Bernhard , Pérez Luis Alberto , Reparaz Juan Sebastián , Martín Jaime , Kemerink Martijn , Campoy‐Quiles Mariano 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA combinatorial study of the effect of in‐mixing of various guests on the thermoelectric properties of the host workhorse polymer poly[2,5‐bis(3‐tetradecylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene] (PBTTT) is presented. Specifically, the composition and thickness for doped films of PBTTT blended with different polymers are varied. Some blends at guest weight fractions around 10–15% exhibit up to a fivefold increase in power factor compared to the reference material, leading to zT values around 0.1. Spectroscopic analysis of the charge‐transfer species, structural characterization using grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, Raman, and atomic force microscopy, and Monte Carlo simulations are employed to determine that the key to improved performance is for the guest to promote long‐range electrical connectivity and low disorder, together with similar highest occupied molecular orbital levels for both materials in order to ensure electronic connectivity are combined.
Plasmonic Local Heating Induced Strain Modulation for Enhanced Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Fengzhu , Lo Tsz Wing , Deng Xiang , Li Siqi , Fan Yulong , Lin Francis R. , Cheng Yuanhang , Zhu Zonglong , Lei Dangyuan , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe residual strain induced during the growth of perovskite film is an intrinsic issue that significantly affects the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Inspired by the flipped annealing method to release strain in perovskite thin films, SiO2‐coated gold nanorods (GNR@SiO2) are introduced into perovskite film and advantage of the plasmonic local heating effect is taken for in situ strain relaxation. The GNR@SiO2‐incorporated inverted PVSCs exhibit a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 23%, which is the highest PCE in plasmonic‐incorporated PVSCs. Moreover, the intrinsic stability of the resulting PVSCs is greatly improved for the nonencapsulated device and retains 84% of its initial PCE after 2800 h aging under continuous illumination at 65 ± 5 °C in an N2 glove box and nearly 90% after 1000 h repetitive 12 h light on–off cycles. This work provides an efficient yet easy‐to‐implement plasmonic heating strategy for simultaneously enhancing the efficiency and stability of PVSCs.