bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An interpretable RL framework for pre-deployment modeling in ICU hypotension management
Authors: Zhang Kristine , Wang Henry , Du Jianzhun , Chu Brian , Arévalo Aldo Robles , Kindle Ryan , Celi Leo Anthony , Doshi-Velez Finale 
Published: November 2022

AbstractComputational methods from reinforcement learning have shown promise in inferring treatment strategies for hypotension management and other clinical decision-making challenges. Unfortunately, the resulting models are often difficult for clinicians to interpret, making clinical inspection and validation of these computationally derived strategies challenging in advance of deployment. In this work, we develop a general framework for identifying succinct sets of clinical contexts in which clinicians make very different treatment choices, tracing the effects of those choices, and inferring a set of recommendations for those specific contexts. By focusing on these few key decision points, our framework produces succinct, interpretable treatment strategies that can each be easily visualized and verified by clinical experts. This interrogation process allows clinicians to leverage the model’s use of historical data in tandem with their own expertise to determine which recommendations are worth investigating further e.g. at the bedside. We demonstrate the value of this approach via application to hypotension management in the ICU, an area with critical implications for patient outcomes that lacks data-driven individualized treatment strategies; that said, our framework has broad implications on how to use computational methods to assist with decision-making challenges on a wide range of clinical domains.
Improving the repeatability of deep learning models with Monte Carlo dropout
Authors: Lemay Andreanne , Hoebel Katharina , Bridge Christopher P. , Befano Brian , De Sanjosé Silvia , Egemen Didem , Rodriguez Ana Cecilia , Schiffman Mark , Campbell John Peter , Kalpathy-Cramer Jayashree 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe integration of artificial intelligence into clinical workflows requires reliable and robust models. Repeatability is a key attribute of model robustness. Ideal repeatable models output predictions without variation during independent tests carried out under similar conditions. However, slight variations, though not ideal, may be unavoidable and acceptable in practice. During model development and evaluation, much attention is given to classification performance while model repeatability is rarely assessed, leading to the development of models that are unusable in clinical practice. In this work, we evaluate the repeatability of four model types (binary classification, multi-class classification, ordinal classification, and regression) on images that were acquired from the same patient during the same visit. We study the each model’s performance on four medical image classification tasks from public and private datasets: knee osteoarthritis, cervical cancer screening, breast density estimation, and retinopathy of prematurity. Repeatability is measured and compared on ResNet and DenseNet architectures. Moreover, we assess the impact of sampling Monte Carlo dropout predictions at test time on classification performance and repeatability. Leveraging Monte Carlo predictions significantly increases repeatability, in particular at the class boundaries, for all tasks on the binary, multi-class, and ordinal models leading to an average reduction of the 95% limits of agreement by 16% points and of the class disagreement rate by 7% points. The classification accuracy improves in most settings along with the repeatability. Our results suggest that beyond about 20 Monte Carlo iterations, there is no further gain in repeatability. In addition to the higher test-retest agreement, Monte Carlo predictions are better calibrated which leads to output probabilities reflecting more accurately the true likelihood of being correctly classified.
UnMICST: Deep learning with real augmentation for robust segmentation of highly multiplexed images of human tissues
Authors: Yapp Clarence , Novikov Edward , Jang Won-Dong , Vallius Tuulia , Chen Yu-An , Cicconet Marcelo , Maliga Zoltan , Jacobson Connor A. , Wei Donglai , Santagata Sandro , Pfister Hanspeter , Sorger Peter K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUpcoming technologies enable routine collection of highly multiplexed (20–60 channel), subcellular resolution images of mammalian tissues for research and diagnosis. Extracting single cell data from such images requires accurate image segmentation, a challenging problem commonly tackled with deep learning. In this paper, we report two findings that substantially improve image segmentation of tissues using a range of machine learning architectures. First, we unexpectedly find that the inclusion of intentionally defocused and saturated images in training data substantially improves subsequent image segmentation. Such real augmentation outperforms computational augmentation (Gaussian blurring). In addition, we find that it is practical to image the nuclear envelope in multiple tissues using an antibody cocktail thereby better identifying nuclear outlines and improving segmentation. The two approaches cumulatively and substantially improve segmentation on a wide range of tissue types. We speculate that the use of real augmentations will have applications in image processing outside of microscopy.
Stem cell homeostasis regulated by hierarchy and neutral competition
Authors: Nakamuta Asahi , Yoshido Kana , Naoki Honda 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTissue stem cells maintain themselves through self-renewal while constantly supplying differentiating cells. Two distinct models have been proposed as mechanisms of stem cell homeostasis. According to the classical model, there is hierarchy among stem cells, and master stem cells produce stem cells by asymmetric division; whereas, according to the recent model, stem cells are equipotent and neutrally compete. However, the mechanism remains controversial in several tissues and species. Here, we developed a mathematical model linking the two models, named the hierarchical neutral competition (hNC) model. Our theoretical analysis showed that the combination of the hierarchy and neutral competition exhibited bursts in clonal expansion, which was consistent with experimental data of rhesus macaque hematopoiesis. Furthermore, the scaling law in clone size distribution, considered a unique characteristic of the recent model, was satisfied even in the hNC model. Based on the findings above, we proposed the criterion for distinguishing the three models based on experiments.
Temperature-dependent broadening of coherent current peaks in InAs double quantum dots
Authors: Dani Olfa , Hussein Robert , Bayer Johannes C. , Kohler Sigmund , Haug Rolf J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractQuantum systems as used for quantum computation or quantum sensing are nowadays often realized in solid state devices as e.g. complex Josephson circuits or coupled quantum-dot systems. Condensed matter as an environment influences heavily the quantum coherence of such systems. Here, we investigate electron transport through asymmetrically coupled InAs double quantum dots and observe an extremely strong temperature dependence of the coherent current peaks of single-electron tunneling. We analyze experimentally and theoretically the broadening of such coherent current peaks up to temperatures of 20K and we are able to model it with quantum dissipation being due to two different bosonic baths. These bosonic baths mainly originate from substrate phonons. Application of a magnetic field helps us to identify the different quantum dot states through their temperature dependence.
Brown adipose tissue-derived Nrg4 alleviates endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis in male mice
Authors: Shi Lingfeng , Li Yixiang , Xu Xiaoli , Cheng Yangyang , Meng Biying , Xu Jinling , Xiang Lin , Zhang Jiajia , He Kaiyue , Tong Jiayue , Zhang Junxia , Xiang Lingwei , Xiang Guangda 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBrown adipose tissue (BAT) activity contributes to cardiovascular health by its energy-dissipating capacity but how BAT modulates vascular function and atherosclerosis through endocrine mechanisms remains poorly understood. Here we show that BAT-derived neuregulin-4 (Nrg4) ameliorates atherosclerosis in mice. BAT-specific Nrg4 deficiency accelerates vascular inflammation and adhesion responses, endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis and atherosclerosis in male mice. BAT-specific Nrg4 restoration alleviates vascular inflammation and adhesion responses, attenuates leukocyte homing and reduces endothelial injury and atherosclerosis in male mice. In endothelial cells, Nrg4 decreases apoptosis, inflammation and adhesion responses induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Mechanistically, protein kinase B (Akt)–nuclear factor-κB signaling is involved in the beneficial effects of Nrg4 on the endothelium. Taken together, the results reveal Nrg4 as a potential cross-talk factor between BAT and arteries that may serve as a target for atherosclerosis.
Towards net-zero phosphorus cities
Authors: Metson Geneviève S. , Brownlie Will J. , Spears Bryan M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCities are central to improving natural resource management globally. Instead of reinventing the wheel for each interlinked sustainability priority, we suggest synergising with, and learning from existing net-zero carbon initiatives to explicitly tackle another vital element: phosphorus. To achieve net-zero phosphorus actors must work together to (1) minimise loss flows out of the city, (2) maximise recycling flows from the city to agricultural lands, and (3) minimise the need for phosphorus in food production.
A chemical threshold controls nanocrystallization and degassing behaviour in basalt magmas
Authors: Scarani Alex , Zandonà Alessio , Di Fiore Fabrizio , Valdivia Pedro , Putra Rizaldi , Miyajima Nobuyoshi , Bornhöft Hansjörg , Vona Alessandro , Deubener Joachim , Romano Claudia , Di Genova Danilo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn increasing number of studies are being presented demonstrating that volcanic glasses can be heterogeneous at the nanoscale. These nano-heterogeneities can develop both during viscosity measurements in the laboratory and during magma eruptions. Our multifaceted study identifies here total transition metal oxide content as a crucial compositional factor governing the tendency of basalt melts and glasses towards nanolitization: at both anhydrous and hydrous conditions, an undercooled trachybasalt melt from Mt. Etna readily develops nanocrystals whose formation also hampers viscosity measurements, while a similar but FeO- and TiO2-poorer basalt melt from Stromboli proves far more stable at similar conditions. We therefore outline a procedure to reliably derive pure liquid viscosity without the effect of nanocrystals, additionally discussing how subtle compositional differences may contribute to the different eruptive styles of Mt. Etna and Stromboli.
A Cross-Sectional Investigation of the Impact of Stuttering on Swedish Females and Males in Childhood, Adolescence, and Young Adulthood
Authors: Samson Ineke , Schalling Ellika , Herlitz Agneta , Lindström Elisabeth , Sand Anders 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:
We aimed to cross-sectionally describe the impact of stuttering on persons who stutter (PWS): children, adolescents, and young adults. Based on previous research on PWS and psychosocial health in the general population, we hypothesized that (a) the adverse impact of stuttering in PWS would be larger among adolescents than children and young adults and that (b) females, especially adolescent females, would report being more adversely impacted by their stuttering than males.

Method:
We pooled samples of Swedish PWS, obtaining 162 individuals (75 females and 87 males), aged 7–30 years. We measured the impact of stuttering using age-relevant versions of the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering (OASES). The relationship between OASES score, age, and sex was described using a polynomial model with an interaction term between age and sex to allow for potential differences between females and males' age-related curves.

Results:
The average trends were that (a) the impact of stuttering was greater for the adolescents than for the children and young adults, and (b) females, especially adolescent females, were on average more impacted by their stuttering than males. Taking self-reported speech fluency into account did not change this pattern.

Conclusions:
In line with findings on psychosocial health, communication attitude, and self-esteem in the general population, the impact of stuttering seems to be particularly adverse among adolescents, especially female adolescents. Thus, clinicians need to be aware of the risk that young girls who stutter may develop a negative attitude to speech and communication, and this should also be communicated to caregivers and teachers.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21554877
Functional Role of Temporal Patterning of Articulation in Speech Production: A Novel Perspective Toward Global Timing–Based Motor Speech Assessment and Rehabilitation
Authors: Rong Panying , Heidrick Lindsey 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:This study aimed to (a) relate temporal patterning of articulation to functional speech outcomes in neurologically healthy and impaired speakers, (b) identify changes in temporal patterning of articulation in neurologically impaired speakers, and (c) evaluate how these changes can be modulated by speaking rate manipulation.Method:Thirteen individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 10 neurologically healthy controls read a sentence 3 times, first at their habitual rate and then at a voluntarily slowed rate. Temporal patterning of articulation was assessed by 24 features characterizing the modulation patterns within (intra) and between (inter) four articulators (tongue tip, tongue body, lower lip, and jaw) at three linguistically relevant, hierarchically nested timescales corresponding to stress, syllable, and onset–rime/phoneme. For Aim 1, the features for the habitual rate condition were factorized and correlated with two functional speech outcomes—speech intelligibility and intelligible speaking rate. For Aims 2 and 3, the features were compared between groups and rate conditions, respectiely.Results:For Aim 1, the modulation features combined were moderately to strongly correlated with intelligibility (R2= .51–.53) and intelligible speaking rate (R2= .63–.73). For Aim 2, intra-articulator modulation was impaired in ALS, manifested by moderate-to-large decreases in modulation depth at all timescales and cross-timescale phase synchronization. Interarticulator modulation was relatively unaffected. For Aim 3, voluntary rate reduction improved several intra-articulator modulation features identified as being susceptible to the disease effect in individuals with ALS.Conclusions:Disrupted temporal patterning of articulation, presumably reflecting impaired articulatory entrainment to linguistic rhythms, may contribute to functional speech declines in ALS. These impairments tend to be improved through voluntary rate reduction, possibly by reshaping the temporal template of motor plans to better accommodate the disease-related neuromechanical constraints in the articulatory system. These findings shed light on a novel perspective toward global timing–based motor speech assessment and rehabilitation.
Joint mission planning and spectrum resources optimization for multi‐UAV reconnaissance
Authors: Liao Naiwen , He Panfeng , Du Yihang , Zhang Yu , Chen Yong , Liang Tao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the problem of mission planning and spectrum resource allocation for cooperative reconnaissance of ground targets with multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is studied. A joint mission planning and spectrum resource optimization algorithm for multi‐UAVs is proposed to improve the information transmission rate by reusing the spectrum of existing users. The joint optimization problem is formulated as mixed‐integer non‐linear programming. The block coordinate descent (BCD) method is further applied to achieve the optimal strategies of mission planning, channel allocation, and power control. Specifically, an improved genetic algorithm (GA) combined with the successive convex approximation (SCA) is used to solve the sub‐problem of mission planning. For the channel allocation sub‐problem, an iterative convergence channel allocation algorithm is proposed. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a higher UAV transmission rate and better robustness than existing algorithms.
Exogen bedingte Retinopathien
Authors: Kellner Ulrich , Kellner Simone , Weinitz Silke , Farmand Ghazaleh 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungExogen bedingte Retinopathien werden am häufigsten durch externe Stimulanzien, seltener durch unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen systemisch oder intravitreal eingesetzter Medikamente und
noch seltener durch Impfungen oder die Einwirkung von Lichtstrahlung verursacht. Die Kenntnis exogener Ursachen und ihre mögliche Symptomatik ist zur Prophylaxe oder zur Früherkennung
schädigender Wirkungen und zur adäquaten Beratung der Patienten wichtig.
Mitochondrial Transplantation Therapy against Ifosfamide Induced Toxicity on Rat Renal Proximal Tubular Cells
Authors: Arjmand Abdollah , Mashhadi Melika , Kaveh Armin , Kamranfar Farzaneh , Seydi Enayatollah , Pourahmad Jalal 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction is a basic mechanism leading to drug nephrotoxicity. Replacement of defective mitochondria with freshly isolated mitochondria is potentially a comprehensive tool to inhibit cytotoxicity induced by ifosfamide on renal proximal tubular cells (RPTCs). We hypothesize that the direct exposure of freshly isolated mitochondria into RPTCs affected by ifosfamide might restore mitochondrial function and reduce cytotoxicity. So, the aim of this study was to assess the protective effect of freshly isolated mitochondrial transplantation against ifosfamide-induced cytotoxicity in RPTCs. Therefore, the suspension of rat RPTCs (106 cells/ml) in Earle’s solution with the pH of 7.4 at 37°C was incubated for 2 h after ifosfamide (4 mM) addition. Fresh mitochondria were isolated from the rat kidney and diluted to the needed concentrations at 4°C. The media containing suspended RPTCs was replaced with mitochondrial-supplemented media, which was exposed to cells for 4 hours in flasks-rotating in a water bath at 37°C. Statistical analysis demonstrated that mitochondrial administration reduced cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation (LPO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, lysosomal membrane damage, extracellular oxidized glutathione (GSSG) level, and caspase-3 activity induced by ifosfamide in rat RPTCs. Moreover, mitochondrial transplantation increased the intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) level in RPTCs affected by ifosfamide. According to the current study, mitochondrial transplantation is a promising therapeutic method in xenobiotic-caused nephrotoxicity pending successful complementary in vivo and clinical studies.
Pachychoroidale Erkrankungen
Authors: Faatz Henrik , Lommatzsch Albrecht 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungPachychoroidale Erkrankungen umfassen eine Gruppe von Erkrankungen, die charakteristische choroidale Merkmale zeigen. Diese können heutzutage durch multimodale Bildgebung immer
differenzierter beschrieben werden und umfassen fokale oder diffuse Aderhautverdickungen mit erweiterten und hyperpermeablen choroidalen Gefäßen. Die richtige Diagnose und Abgrenzung von
anderen exsudativen Erkrankungen ist für eine mögliche Therapie von großer Bedeutung.
Robust and Scalable Reductive Amination Protocol for Electron-Poor Heterocyclic Amines Using Et3SiH/TFA as Reducing Agent
Authors: Schäfer Gabriel , Reber Stefan , Ahmetovic Muhamed , Fleischer Tony , Leuenberger Daniel , Blumer Nicole , Udry Megan , Abele Stefan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA facile reductive amination procedure for electron-poor heterocyclic amines with aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes has been developed. The key to success was the use of triethylsilane (Et3SiH) as reducing agent, in combination with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in refluxing CH2Cl2. The reductive aminations are fast and clean, and allow for the isolation of the alkylated amines in high yields and purity after crystallization or chromatographic purification. The robustness and scalability of the process has been demonstrated for one substrate combination on 750 g scale, leading to the isolation of the corresponding product in 93% yield.
An Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Picrotoxinin through a Mizoroki–Heck Reaction
Authors: Nakazaki Atsuo , Matsumura Taishi , Nishikawa Toshio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn asymmetric total synthesis of picrotoxinin was performed by using a Mizoroki–Heck reaction of an enantioenriched tricyclic lactone with isopropenyl bromide as a key transformation, permitting the highly diastereoselective introduction of the requisite C4-isopropenyl group. After functional-group manipulations, including carbonylation, bromoetherification, epoxidation, and dihydroxylation, picrotoxinin was obtained in a moderate to good yield.
Primary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Sabayan Behnam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIschemic stroke is by far the most common type of cerebrovascular event and remains a major cause of death and disability globally. Despite advancements in acute stroke care, primary prevention is still the most cost-effective approach in reducing the burden of ischemic stroke. The two main strategies for primary stroke prevention include population-wide versus high-risk group interventions. Interventions such as increasing access to primary care, regulation of salt and sugar contents in processed foods, public education, and campaigns to control cerebrovascular risk factors are examples of population-wide interventions. High-risk group interventions, on the other hand, focus on recognition of individuals at risk and aim to modify risk factors in a timely and multifaceted manner. This article provides an overview on conventional modifiable risk factors for ischemic stroke and highlights the emerging risk factors and approaches for high-risk group identification and treatment.