bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should older people ever be discharged from hospital at night?
Authors: Hyslop Brent 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe discharge of older people from hospital at night is a topical and emotive issue that has recently gained media attention in New Zealand and the United Kingdom, including calls to prevent it occurring. With growing pressures on hospital capacity and ageing populations, normative aspects of hospital discharge are increasingly relevant. This paper therefore addresses the question: Should older people (say, over eighty years old) ever be discharged home from hospital during the night? Or given safety concerns, should regulation against the night-time discharge of older people be put in place? Employing a principlist lens to bioethics, this paper considers key principles or values involved, including discharge safety concerns, personal preference and consent, the risk of remaining in hospital, and broader considerations around discharge policy. These points act as a possible framework for further research and discussion of normative aspects of hospital discharge. Overall, this paper argues that while discharge safety concerns must be properly acknowledged and addressed, it can still sometimes be appropriate for an older person to leave hospital at night. The option of night-time discharge should therefore remain open to people of all ages.
Evaluation of Rare Earth Element-Associated Hormetic Effects in Candidate Fertilizers and Livestock Feed Additives
Authors: Tommasi Franca , Thomas Philippe J. , Lyons Daniel M. , Pagano Giovanni , Oral Rahime , Siciliano Antonietta , Toscanesi Maria , Guida Marco , Trifuoggi Marco 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRare earth elements (REEs) are recognized as emerging contaminants with implications in human and environmental health. Apart from their adverse effects, REEs have been reported as having positive effects when amended to fertilizers and livestock feed additives, thus suggesting a hormetic trend, implying a concentration-related shift from stimulation to inhibition and toxicity, with analogous trends that have been assessed for a number of xenobiotics. In view of optimizing the success of REE mixtures in stimulating crop yield and/or livestock growth or egg production, one should foresee the comparative concentration-related effects of individual REEs (e.g., Ce and La) vs. their mixtures, which may display distinct trends. The results might prompt further explorations on the use of REE mixtures vs. single REEs aimed at optimizing the preparation of fertilizers and feed additives, in view of the potential recognition of their use in agronomy and zootechny.
Little Evidence for Conservative Toe Walking Interventions in Autism Spectrum Disorders: a Systematic Review
Authors: Valagussa Giulio , Piscitelli Daniele , Baruffini Silvia , Panzeri Valentina , Perin Cecilia , Mazzucchelli Miryam , Cornaggia Cesare Maria , Pellicciari Leonardo , Grossi Enzo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis systematic review summarizes the evidence about toe walking (TW) interventions in persons with autism. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, The Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Opengrey was performed. Nine articles (all case reports or case series) were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Mayo Evidence-Based Practice Centre tool. The included studies considered 17 subjects (16 males; age range: 4–15 years). All studies reported a reduction of TW frequency, but the follow-up was lacking in seven studies. There is a lack of high-quality studies with a sufficiently large and well-characterized sample to assess the effectiveness of TW interventions in autistic persons. These findings strongly support the need for further research in this area.
Referring to Speech Acts in Communication: Exploring Meta-Illocutionary Expressions in ICE-Ireland
Authors: Schneider Klaus P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an exploratory study of meta-illocutionary expressions, i.e. of everyday vocabulary such as request, promise and insult, used to explicitly refer to speech acts and to label, discuss and negotiate them in communication. Taking the example of expressions referring to acts of apologising in Irish English, the question is addressed in which contexts, forms and functions these meta-illocutionary expressions are used. Evidence from ICE-Ireland and SPICE-Ireland is employed to demonstrate how this question can be answered empirically, thus providing a model for a corpus-based analysis of such metapragmatic folk terms and how they are used in spoken and written discourse, across genres and illocutionary types. This paper thus offers a blueprint for investigating the meta-illocutionary lexicon of ordinary language users and their first-order conceptualizations of communicative action.
Getting To Implementation (GTI)-Teach: A seven-step approach for teaching the fundamentals of implementation science
Authors: Rogal Shari S. , Jonassaint Charles , Ashcraft LauraEllen , Freburger Janet , Yakovchenko Vera , Kislovskiy Yasaswi , Phares Angela , Hershberger Gretchen , Goodrich David E. , Chinman Matthew 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Implementation Science (IS) is a complex and rapidly evolving discipline, posing challenges for educators. We developed, implemented, and evaluated a novel, pragmatic approach to teach IS.

Methods:
Getting To Implementation (GTI)-Teach was developed as a seven-step educational model to guide students through the process of developing, conducting, and sustaining an IS research project. During the four-week online course, students applied the steps to self-selected implementation problems. Students were invited to complete two online post-course surveys to assess course satisfaction and self-reported changes in IS knowledge and relevance of GTI-Teach Steps to their work. Results were summarized using descriptive statistics; self-reported post-course changes in IS knowledge were compared using paired t-tests.

Results:
GTI-Teach was developed to include seven Steps: 1. Define the implementation problem; 2. Conceptualize the problem; 3. Prioritize implementation barriers and facilitators; 4. Select and tailor implementation strategies; 5. Design an implementation study; 6. Evaluate implementation; 7. Sustain implementation. Thirteen students, ranging in experience from medical students to full professors, enrolled in and completed the first GTI-Teach course. Of the seven students (54%) completing an end-of course survey, six (86%) were very satisfied with the course. Ten students (77%) responded to the tailored, 6-month post-course follow-up survey. They retrospectively reported a significant increase in their knowledge across all steps of GTI-Teach (1.3–1.8 points on a 5-point Likert scale) and rated each of the Steps as highly relevant to their work.

Conclusions:
GTI-Teach is a seven-step model for teaching IS fundamentals that students reported increased their knowledge and was relevant to their work.
Hybrid warfare: The continuation of ambiguity by other means
Authors: Mumford Andrew , Carlucci Pascal 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article presents the study of ambiguity as the essence of hybrid warfare to reconcile it with the international political context. It addresses the gaps in the literature in an effort to elucidate the essence of hybrid warfare not as a separate concept, but rather as the symptom of a changing political environment. The analysis of the literature is reinforced by two case studies: the war in eastern Ukraine of 2014 and the South China Sea dispute. Both these case studies express ambiguity in the combination of kinetic and non-kinetic means used to achieve political objectives. The article rests on three pillars that constitute the architecture of the central argument. The first pillar will address the gap in the current literature on hybrid warfare and how the current debate is too concerned with conflict dynamics rather than its political nature. The second pillar will delineate the essence, characteristics, and value of ambiguity in hybrid warfare. The third pillar will address the practice of hybrid warfare as the conduct of war by great powers.
Cabinet Reshuffles in Latin America: A Function of Presidential Reputation
Authors: Inácio Magna , Llanos Mariana , Pinheiro Bruno 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this article we propose an innovative comparative analysis of cabinet reshuffles in Latin American presidential systems, focusing on personal incentives as drivers of ministerial turnover. We analyse when and why risks of reputational damage to a president drive cabinet changes. These risks are contingent and dependent upon the interaction between a president's reputational assets, on the one hand, and the high ‘walk-away value’ of the minister, on the other. We argue that ministerial turnover is a function of presidents' political and reputational resources as well as of exogenous factors. However, who is fired from the cabinet depends on the ministers' walk-away values and how threatened the president feels by them. We analyse cabinet changes in single-party and multiparty presidential governments in Latin America. Our results confirm the explanatory power of personal incentives to better understand the mechanisms that drive cabinet reshuffles.
Online musicking for humanity: the role of imagined listening and the moral economies of music sharing on social media
Authors: Campos Valverde Raquel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMusic sharing on social media increasingly involves ‘imagined listening’, a form of sociality based on how we think that others listen to music (as well as on our own imagining of sounds) and typically mediated by the exchange of visual prompts, such as the thumbnail images associated with a particular streaming link or recording. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted online and offline with Spanish migrants in London, I show how practices of music sharing based on imagined listening articulate specific moral economies. In these economies, users imbue the sharing of music with positive value, as something that contributes to human flourishing and balances the negative aspects of social media and the world. I also consider how users reckon with the algorithmic manipulations of social media platforms and the fleeting forms of user engagement characteristic of an online world in which there is more music than could ever be heard.
Weaving gender in open collaborative innovation, traditional cultural expressions, and intellectual property: The case of the Tonga baskets of Zambia
Authors: Musiza Charlene 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article considers the intersection of gender, traditional cultural expressions, collaborative innovation, and intellectual property in the Tonga Indigenous community of Zambia. Based on a study of the Tonga rural women basket makers who are organized around craft clubs, the study investigated the collaborative environment that fosters the preservation of the cultural tradition of basket weaving, the impact it has had on empowering the women, and the legal protection options available for the Tonga baskets. The study found that Zambia’s 2016 Protection of Traditional Knowledge, Genetic Resources and Expressions of Folklore Act no. 16 (Traditional Knowledge Act) gives automatic protection to traditional cultural expressions and the option for the protection of traditional cultural expressions under the existing intellectual property laws. Though intellectual property protection may not be practical for the Tonga baskets, the Traditional Knowledge Act is a significant step in recognizing the customary values and governance principles in protecting traditional cultural expressions. Registration, in terms of the Traditional Knowledge Act, could enhance the recognition of the baskets, preserve and promote the cultural heritage, and empower the Tonga women.
Fighting Fake News: Using Peer Discussion Groups to Build News Media Literacy
Authors: Siena Susan , Roman Tiffany 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTThis article examines the effectiveness of guided peer discussion in building news media literacy. Our longitudinal study finds that this instructional approach increased students’ interest in news headlines, particularly among those with initially low interest. Furthermore, qualitative results show students’ increased awareness of the quality and potential bias of news sources. We conclude that guided peer discussion is an effective means of promoting news media literacy.
Assessing the factorial validity and the internal reliability of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ); PTSD and complex PTSD among survivors of sexual violence in Ireland
Authors: Frost R. , Vang M. Lousion , Hyland P. , Shevlin M. , McCarthy A. , Murphy J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Aims
To assess the factorial validity and internal reliability of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) among a treatment-seeking sample of survivors of sexual violence in Ireland. In addition, to assess the diagnostic rate of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) among the samples.

Methods
Participants were adult survivors of sexual violence (N = 114) in receipt of therapeutic support at the Dublin Rape Crisis Centre. The ITQ was utilised to measure PTSD and CPTSD symptoms and confirmatory factor analysis was employed to assess the factorial validity of the ITQ. Composite reliability was employed to assess the internal reliability of the ITQ scale scores.

Results
The confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that a six-factor correlated model and a two-factor higher model were good representations of the latent structure of the ITQ, both models are consistent with the conceptualisation of CPTSD. All ITQ subscales possessed satisfactory internal reliability except for the affective dysregulation subscale. Of the sample, 56.1% met the criteria for CPTSD and 20.2% met the criteria for PTSD.

Conclusions
The ITQ captured a distinction between PTSD and CPTSD symptoms and produced reliable scores within the sample, but replication with a larger sample size is required. In addition, the study findings demonstrated that CPTSD was relatively common among those seeking psychological support following sexual violence.
Impacts of drought intensity and weed competition on drought-tolerant corn performance
Authors: Smith Allyson M. , Burns Erin E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWater stress and weed competition are critical stressors during corn (Zea mays L.) development. Genetic improvements in corn have resulted in hybrids with greater tolerance to abiotic and biotic stressors; however, drought stress remains problematic. Therefore, in light of the anticipated change in precipitation throughout the Great Lakes Region, greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate water stress and weed competition on drought-tolerant corn performance. The study followed a completely randomized block design with four replications. Factorial treatment combinations consisted of drought-tolerant corn competition (presence or absence), water stress (100% or 50% volumetric water content [VWC]), and nine corn:common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L., CHEAL) densities. Corn and C. album growth parameters were measured at 14 and 21 d after water-stress initiation. To explore the impact of reduced soil moisture and weed competition on corn and C. album growth parameters, photosynthetic response, and biomass, linear mixed-effects and nonlinear regression models were constructed in R. Chenopodium album biomass was reduced by 46% and 50% under corn competition at 2 and 4 weeds pot−1 (P = 0.0003, 0.0004). However, introducing crop competition under 6 and 9 weeds pot−1 did not reduce C. album biomass (P = 0.90, 1.00). Averaged across weed pressures, corn biomass was 22% less when grown under 50% compared with 100% VWC (P = 0.0003). However, averaged across VWC values, increasing weed competition from 0 to 2 (P = 0.04), 4 (P = <0.0001), 6 (P = 0.0002), or 9 (P = 0.0002) weeds pot−1 reduced biomass by 22%, 38%, 35%, and 36%. Overall, water stress and C. album competition negatively affected the parameters measured in this study; however, the magnitude of reduction is stronger under drought stress than increasing weed competition when water is not limiting. Therefore, field crop growers must modify current integrated weed management programs to maintain yield under future climate stress.
Neural Decision Tree: A New Tool for Building Forecast Models for Plasmasphere Dynamics
Authors: Lu Yu L. , Zhelavskaya Irina S. , Wang Chunming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Neural Decision Tree (NDT) is a hybrid supervised machine‐learning algorithm that combines the self‐limiting property of a decision tree (Classification and Regression Tree [CART]) algorithm with the artificial neural network. We demonstrate the use of NDT for a regression problem of building a prediction model for the plasmasphere electron density with solar and geomagnetic measurements as inputs. Our work replicates the work by Zhelavskaya et al. reported in their 2017 article (I. S. Zhelavskaya et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA024406) to show that NDT makes available sophisticated network layout for building a predictive model, thus taking advantage of deep‐learning potential of the neural network. We also demonstrate that with the ability to automatically select an appropriate network layout, as well as, effective initialization, the NDT algorithm allows research scientists in space weather to focus more of their attention on physically and statistically relevant aspects of using machine‐learning techniques. In fact, our example highlights the fact that the basic assumptions of standard supervise machine‐learning problems are often unsatisfied in real‐world space weather applications. Greater attention to these fundamental issues may create significantly different solutions to space weather forecast problems.
Timing and Order of Extreme Drought and Wetness Determine Bioclimatic Sensitivity of Tree Growth
Authors: Wu Xiuchen , Liu Hongyan , Hartmann Henrik , Ciais Philippe , Kimball John S. , Schwalm Christopher R. , Camarero Jesús Julio , Chen Anping , Gentine Pierre , Yang Yuting , Zhang Shulei , Li Xiaoyan , Xu Chongyang , Zhang Wen , Li Zongshan , Chen Deliang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTree resistance to extreme droughts and post‐drought recovery are sensitive to the drought timing. However, how the bioclimatic sensitivity of tree growth may vary with the timing and order of extreme droughts and wetness is still poorly understood. Here, we quantified the bioclimatic sensitivity of tree growth in the period of 1951–2013 under different seasonal extreme drought/wetness regimes over the extra‐tropical Northern Hemisphere, using 1,032 tree ring chronologies from 121 gymnosperm and angiosperm species. We found a negative asymmetry in tree growth under regimes with seasonal extreme droughts. With extreme drought, tree growth in arid and temperate dry regions is more negatively impacted by pre‐growing‐season (PGS) extreme droughts. Clade‐wise, angiosperms are more sensitive to PGS water availability, and gymnosperms to legacy effects of the preceding tree growth conditions in temperate dry and humid regions. Our finding of divergent bioclimatic legacy effects underscores contrasting trends in forest responses to drought across different ecoregions and functional groups in a more extreme climate.
Domain Adaptation in Automatic Picking of Phase Velocity Dispersions Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Song Weibin , Feng Xuping , Zhang Gongheng , Gao Lina , Yan Binpeng , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAmbient seismic noise tomography has been applied to probe the Earth's structure. To accurately map geological structures, a considerable amount of time is required to pick fundamental and higher modes of dispersion curves. We used frequency‐Bessel (F‐J) transform to calculate phase velocity‐frequency diagrams to obtain more higher modes of dispersion curves from the cross‐correlation function. Several studies have recently focused on picking dispersions automatically using deep learning to reduce time consumption. However, the generalization of neural networks has a degradation for untrained diagrams to some degree. Here, based on domain adaptation in computer vision, we used gamma transform to change the image contrast of the phase velocity‐frequency diagrams, rendering the test data closer to the training data. Introducing domain adaptation into the dispersion region extraction effectively improves the generalization of the neural network. Here, the dispersion regions are the regions in the phase velocity‐frequency diagram located around the dispersion curves where the energy is above a given threshold. We validated our method by using phase velocity‐frequency diagrams from different areas. We used one synthetic phase velocity‐frequency diagram and three phase velocity‐frequency diagrams of different areas to test domain adaptation. In particular, we tested one phase velocity‐frequency diagram that belongs to the same area for the training diagram, except for the processing steps. The results showed that our domain adaptation method successfully enhanced the generalization of the neural network. After domain adaptation, our trained network could effectively extract more higher modes of dispersion regions than before. Our dispersion curves picking method combined with domain adaptation can pick sufficient dispersion information for numerous phase velocity‐frequency diagrams. Furthermore, our method can facilitate the study of ambient noise tomography and illumination of the Earth's interiors. Our research provides a strategy for enhancing the generalization of neural networks for other deep learning‐based geophysical image segmentation tasks.
Quantifying the Role of Atmospheric and Surface Albedo on Polar Amplification Using Satellite Observations and CMIP6 Model Output
Authors: Södergren A. H. , McDonald A. J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding polar amplification (PA) and its underlying processes is key to accurately predicting the climate system's response to increasing anthropogenic forcings. We examine the amplified warming in the Arctic and Antarctic in 17 global climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) against satellite data. Large hemispheric differences in PA strength was found in the CMIP6 models. Changes in surface temperature and strength of PA is closely coupled to changes in albedo. The planetary albedo of Earth (αp) is partitioned into a component associated with surface albedo (defined as surface contribution to planetary albedo, ), and a component associated with atmospheric albedo (atmospheric contribution to planetary albedo, ). To assess the hemispheric differences in PA strengths, the relative importance of and were investigated. The surface reflection looks different as seen at the surface (defined as surface albedo, αsurf) compared to (as seen at the top of the atmosphere). We find a stronger correlation between surface temperature and αsurf in the Arctic than in the Antarctic, with correlation coefficients of −0.94 and −0.88, respectively. Interestingly, the correlation for surface temperature and is stronger in the Antarctic than in the Arctic with correlation coefficients of −0.93 and −0.90, respectively. In the southern high latitudes, albedo changes at the surface are more important than changes in the atmosphere, while the opposite applies in the northern high latitudes. Surface temperature changes in the low‐ and mid‐latitudes are strongly associated with changes in , dominated by changes in cloud properties.