bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of context and discrepancy when reading multiple documents
Authors: Schoor Cornelia , Rouet Jean-François , Britt M. Anne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOn a daily basis, most people read about issues of interest from a diversity of sources. Moreover, the information they encounter frequently encompass discrepancies, ranging from minor inconsistencies to straight contradictions. Readers may construct coherent representations from discrepant contents by linking contents to their respective sources and connecting the sources with agree-disagree or other types of connectives. Across research studies, however, college-level readers' attention to sources has been found to vary according to individual, text and task dimensions. The present study tested the assumption that readers' strategies depend both on the discrepancy of the information and on the context in which the task is framed. Moreover, beliefs about science were included as potential moderator of context effects. One hundred and sixty university students were tasked to read about a series of social-scientific issues. The task was framed in either a university context or a personal context scenario. For each topic, the participants read two short texts which provided either consistent or discrepant information, and then they wrote a short overview essay. The university context had a significant impact on indicators related to a documents model representation (e.g., text switches, number of adversative connectors in the essay) and standards for presentation (e.g., time on the essay/task page, formal features of the essay). The data support a context-dependent view of reading comprehension, whereby both reading behavior and outcomes are primarily a function of the standards and goals set by the reader.
The effects of a negative economic shock on male marriage in the West Bank
Authors: Ragab Amr , Saad Ayhab F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study examines how a large negative economic shock impacts marriage rates for young men in the West Bank. Utilizing data from before and after the sudden and abrupt closure of the Israeli labor market for Palestinian commuters from the West Bank in 2001, our empirical design employs a difference-in-difference strategy and uses the variations in localities’ exposure to the Israeli labor market before the shock. The closure reduced the employment and income of adult men asymmetrically across localities. Our findings show that the closure caused a reduction in marriage rates among young men aged 19 to 29 years, as post-shock changes in marriage rates. Our results suggest that the adverse effect of the economic shock on male marriage is mediated through a combination of rising youth unemployment and rigid expectations about marriage costs.
UWB MIMO antenna with 4-element, compact size, high isolation and single band rejection for high-speed wireless networks
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Abo Sree Mohamed Fathy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a miniaturized size UWB 4-element MIMO antenna with a band rejection feature is introduced. The four elements have a rectangular radiator with curved edges and a partial ground plane with an etched slot to enlarge the bandwidth of the suggested structure to operate from 3 up to 12 GHz with S11 ≤ − 10 dB. The high isolation between elements was achieved by forming the antennas orthogonally without adding decoupling elements to simplify the design. The suggested design has a size of 47 × 47 mm2 placed on low price FR4 substrate. A simple slot is etched into the radiator to achieve the desired band rejection. The simulated and tested outcomes achieved operated band extended from 3 up to 12 GHz with band rejection feature within 3.3 GHz up to 4.3 GHz to eliminate interference with WIMAX applications and high isolation of more than 22 dB between ports. Also, the antenna fulfills peak gain of 3.5 dBi, envelope correlation coefficient(ECC) < 0.005, diversity gain (DG) 9.98 dB and channel capacity loss (CCL) < 0.4 bit/s/Hz within the operating bands. The outcomes have good consistency which made the suggested antenna to be used in UWB MIMO systems.
A three-dimensional particle finite element model for simulating soil flow with elastoplasticity
Authors: Wang Liang , Zhang Xue , Lei Qinghua , Panayides Stelios , Tinti Stefano 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSoil flow is involved in many earth surface processes such as debris flows and landslides. It is a very challenging task to model this large deformational phenomenon because of the extreme change in material configurations and properties when soil flows. Most of the existing models require a two-dimensional (2D) simplification of actual systems, which are however three-dimensional (3D). To overcome this issue, we develop a novel 3D particle finite element method (PFEM) for direct simulation of complex soil flows in 3D space. Our PFEM model implemented in a fully implicit solution framework based on a generalised Hellinger–Reissner variational principle permits the use of a large time step without compromising the numerical stability. A mixed quadratic-linear element is used to avoid volumetric locking issues and ensure computational accuracy. The correctness and robustness of our 3D PFEM formulation for modelling large deformational soil flow problems are demonstrated by a series of benchmarks against analytical or independent numerical solutions. Our model can serve as an effective tool to support the assessment of catastrophic soil slope failures and subsequent runout behaviours.
What Country, University, or Research Institute, Performed the Best on Covid-19 During the First Wave of the Pandemic?
Authors: Radanliev Petar , De Roure David , Walton Rob , Van Kleek Max , Santos Omar , Maddox La’Treall 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this article, we conduct data mining and statistical analysis on the most effective countries, universities, and companies, based on their output (e.g., produced or collaborated) on COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic. Hence, the focus of this article is on the first wave of the pandemic. While in later stages of the pandemic, US and UK performed best in terms of vaccine production, the focus in this article is on the initial few months of the pandemic. The article presents findings from our analysing of all available records on COVID-19 from the Web of Science Core Collection. The results are compared with all available data records on pandemics and epidemics from 1900 to 2020. This has created interesting findings that are presented in the article with visualisation tools.
Skills-approximate occupations: using networks to guide jobs retraining
Authors: Waters Keith , Shutters Shade T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn issue often confronting economic development agencies is how to minimize unemployment due to disruptions like technological change, trade wars, recessions, or other economic shocks. Decision makers are left to craft policies that can absorb surplus labor with as little pain to workers as possible. The questions they face include how to re-employ displaced workers and how to fill labor shortages. To address such questions, we quantify the proximity of any two occupations based on the skills inherent in each. Taking labor skills as nodes, we model US labor as a weighted network of interdependent skills, deriving link values from geographical patterns of skill co-occurrence. We use this network to locate occupations, measure their proximity to each other, and identify which missing skills may inhibit workers from easily transitioning from one occupation to another. Thus, given that an occupation is a bundle of skills, we use our skills network to help policy makers identify which other occupations are most proximate a worker’s current occupation. Finally, we apply our method to assess various worker retraining pathways for metropolitan Washington, DC, USA, whose economy was simultaneously disrupted by both the COVID-19 pandemic and the arrival of a second headquarters for Amazon.
Selbsteingeschätzte Religiosität, Interkulturelle Persönlichkeit und Ausländerfeindlichkeit
Authors: Genkova Petia , Schreiber Henrik , Hegemann Joana 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Zusammenhänge zwischen ausländerfeindlichen Vorurteilen und Religiosität sind uneindeutig und widersprüchlich. Einerseits macht Religion Menschen durch den Anspruch an eine absolute Wahrheit empfänglicher für Vorurteile, andererseits propagieren die meisten großen Religionen prosoziales Verhalten. Bisherige empirische Arbeiten erklären die uneindeutigen Effekte von Religiosität durch unterschiedliche Formen von Frömmigkeit. Um einen Beitrag zum Verständnis des Zusammenhanges von Religiosität und Ausländerfeindlichkeit zu leisten und eine mögliche Moderatorvariable vorzustellen, untersucht diese Studie an Querschnittsdaten von Personen der deutschen Mehrheitsgesellschaft, inwiefern selbsteingeschätzte Religiosität Ausländerfeindlichkeit vorhersagt und ob dieser Zusammenhang von interkulturellen Persönlichkeitseigenschaften moderiert wird. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die selbsteingeschätzte Religiosität, die auch als religiöse Identität verstanden wird, einen zusätzlichen Erklärungsbeitrag zur Ausländerfeindlichkeit gegenüber der nationalen Identität leistet. Personen, die eine stark ausgeprägte interkulturelle Persönlichkeit haben, zeigen dabei keinen signifikanten Zusammenhang zwischen Religiosität und Ausländerfeindlichkeit, während bei Personen mit gering ausgeprägter interkultureller Persönlichkeit ein positiver Zusammenhang besteht. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass der Umgang mit der eigenen und fremden religiösen Identität dazu beitragen kann, ausländerfeindliche Vorurteile in Deutschland besser zu verstehen. Praktische und wissenschaftliche Implikationen werden diskutiert.
Methodological approaches for identifying competencies for the physiotherapy profession: a scoping review
Authors: Scodras Stephanie , Alsbury-Nealy Kyla , Colquhoun Heather , Yeung Euson , Jaglal Susan B. , Salbach Nancy M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPhysiotherapy competencies inform the education and regulation of the profession. Many different methods appear to be used to identify competencies and there is no consensus on optimal methods to identify competencies. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the methodological approaches used to identify competencies for the physiotherapy profession and summarize the nature of those competencies. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the grey literature from inception to June 2020. Two independent reviewers screened for empirical peer-reviewed articles that aimed to identify professional physiotherapy competencies. General study characteristics, competency characteristics (e.g., target practice area), and methodological characteristics (e.g., study population, data collection and analysis method for each methodological step) were extracted. Descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis were performed. Of the 9529 references screened, 38 articles describing 35 studies published between 1980 and 2020 were included. Orthopaedics (20.0%) was the most commonly targeted area of practice. Studies used one to eight methodological steps whose objective was to generate (16 studies), validate (18 studies), assign value (21 studies), refine (10 studies), or triangulate (3 studies) competencies, or to address multiple objectives (10 studies). The most commonly used methods were surveys to assign value (n = 20, 95%), and group techniques to refine competencies (n = 7, 70%). Physiotherapists with experience in the area of competence was the most commonly consulted stakeholder group (80% of studies). This review can provide methodological guidance to stakeholders such as educators and regulators that aim to identify professional competencies in the future.
Non-Deterministic Matrices: Theory and Applications to Algebraic Semantics
Authors: Golzio Ana Claudia de Jesus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe call multioperation any operation that return for even argument a set of values instead of a single value. Through multioperations we can define an algebraic structure equipped with at least one multioperation. This kind of structure is called multialgebra. The study of them began in 1934 with the publication of a paper of Marty. In the realm of Logic, multialgebras were considered by Avron and his collaborators under the name of non-deterministic matrices (or Nmatrices) and used as semantics tool for characterizing some logics which cannot be characterized by a single finite matrix. Carnielli and Coniglio introduced the semantics of swap structures for LFIs (Logics of Formal Inconsistency), which are Nmatrices defined over triples in a Boolean algebra, generalizing Avron’s semantics. In this thesis, we will introduce a new method of algebraization of logics based on multialgebras and swap structures that is similar to classical algebraization method of Lindenbaum-Tarski, but more extensive because it can be applied to systems such that some operators are non-congruential. In particular, this method will be applied to a family of non-normal modal logics and to some LFIs that are not algebraizable by the very general techniques introduced by Blok and Pigozzi. We also will obtain representation theorems for some LFIs and we will prove that, within out approach, the classes of swap structures for some axiomatic extensions of mbC are a subclass of the class of swap structures for the logic mbC.Abstract prepared by Ana Claudia de Jesus Golzio.E-mail: anaclaudiagolzio@yahoo.com.brURL: http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/322436
Unfinished indigenous geographies: The endurances and becomings of a Sámi tourism venture
Authors: Granås Brynhild , Mathisen Line 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor many years, and within the context of pre-pandemic tourism growth in the Norwegian Arctic, governmental institutions have had expectations that Sámi indigenous people of the north of Norway should engage more strongly in the tourism economy. What does it however imply for Sámi people to become agents in tourism and take ownership to tourism development? This paper attends to Sámi people who engage as entrepreneurs in tourism in Norwegian parts of Sápmi. We suggest ways to identify when and how indigeneity emerges as a topic and meaning dimension that makes a difference in the entrepreneurship process and discuss how Sáminess can mark the process in ambiguous ways. The current paper’s exploration is enabled by a qualitative co-creative study and detailed account of a Sámi tourism venture in a coastal town in Finnmark, Norway. The paper attends to the venture as part of the entrepreneurs’ life stories, everyday life, and material relational practices and explores the intrinsic geographies and histories to which their various relational practices connect the enterprise. Sámi entrepreneurships in tourism are considered in light of the unstable and changing ethnic qualities of places, through an approach that acknowledges the current transformative complexities of indigeneity. The analysis illuminates tourism entrepreneurs’ engagements in indigenously transgressive enactments of places and of Sámi culture and tells about vitalities and vulnerabilities involved in becoming indigenous agents in Arctic destinations.
Litter production in successional forests of southern Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Rocha Janaine Isabela da Silva , Magnago Luiz Fernando Silva , Piotto Daniel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLitter production plays an important role in the functioning of the ecosystem, providing several ecosystem services, such as nutrients cycling and carbon storage. We studied litter production patterns and its relationship with forest structure over a chronosequence of secondary forests in southern Bahia, Brazil. In the study area, 15 pairs of mature and secondary forest were used, in a chronological sequence, being 10, 25 and 40-year-old secondary forests and mature forests. Plots were created for the collection of aboveground biomass data, and within these plots, litter collectors were installed and monitored for 1 year. The results showed that litter production was lower in 10-year-old secondary forests when compared with older forests. On the other hand, in the 10-year-old forests, annual litter production represents 47.8% of the stored biomass, while in mature forests annual litter production represents only 4%. We found that structural variables (basal area, number of stems and canopy opening) influence significantly litter production, as well as litter as percentage of forest biomass. The study emphasizes the importance of biomass production through litterfall in regenerating tropical forests, and its importance for carbon storage and for the maintenance of ecosystem services.
Intelligent wearable system with accurate detection of abnormal gait and timely cueing for mobility enhancement of people with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Yang Bao , Li Ying , Wang Fei , Auyeung Stephanie , Leung Manyui , Mak Margaret , Tao Xiaoming 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Previously reported wearable systems for people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been focused on the detection of abnormal gait. They suffered from limited accuracy, large latency, poor durability, comfort, and convenience for daily use. Herewith we report an intelligent wearable system (IWS) that can accurately detect abnormal gait in real-time and provide timely cueing for PD patients. The system features novel sensitive, comfortable and durable plantar pressure sensing insoles with a highly compressed data set, an accurate and fast gait algorithm, and wirelessly controlled timely sensory cueing devices. A total of 29 PD patients participated in the first phase without cueing for developing processes of the algorithm, which achieved an accuracy of over 97% for off-line detection of freezing of gait (FoG). In the second phase with cueing, the evaluation of the whole system was conducted with 16 PD subjects via trial and a questionnaire survey. This system demonstrated an accuracy of 94% for real-time detection of FoG and a mean latency of 0.37 s between the onset of FoG and cueing activation. In questionnaire survey, 88% of the PD participants confirmed that this wearable system could effectively enhance walking, 81% thought that the system was comfortable and convenient, and 70% overcame the FoG. Therefore, the IWS makes it an effective, powerful, and convenient tool for enhancing the mobility of people with PD.
Evaluation of the ERA5‐Land Reanalysis Data Set for Process‐Based River Temperature Modeling Over Data Sparse and Topographically Complex Regions
Authors: Mihalevich Bryce A. , Neilson Bethany T. , Buahin Caleb A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractModels developed to capture underlying river processes over long historical periods and varying hydrologic conditions provide confidence for subsequent forecasting applications. However, many areas lack the weather data needed to develop process‐based models over these long periods. Climate reanalysis data sets (CRDs) are increasingly used as surrogates for historical meteorology, but their use in river temperature models is still relatively new and untested. Testing of temperature models using CRDs in rivers experiencing a range of instream flow, weather, and topographic conditions is needed to validate the application of these data sets. Focusing on the ERA5‐Land CRD, correction methods that relate weather variables and elevation were tested using weather stations surrounding and adjacent to the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. Our findings show that elevation corrections improved air temperature and relative humidity, but negatively impacted wind speed estimates. Two‐year river temperature model simulations in a 387‐km segment of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon and a 576‐km segment of the Green River showed that using elevation‐corrected ERA5‐Land inputs produced lower mean errors at downstream river locations when compared to predictions using elevation‐corrected ground‐based inputs. Better river temperature predictions when using ERA5‐Land are attributed to the ability to represent spatial variability in weather conditions over these large areas. These promising results persisted when spatially coarsened ERA5‐Land inputs were used. This study highlights the importance of having spatially varying weather information, even at relatively coarse resolutions, when modeling physical processes over large spatial scales and suggests confidence in using CRDs for obtaining this information.
Non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in colorectal cancer: a review of clinical studies
Authors: Zaman Farzana Y. , Orchard Suzanne G. , Haydon Andrew , Zalcberg John R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) chemoprevention is an area of interest. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are anti-inflammatory agents which have been identified as cancer chemoprevention agents given that inflammation is thought to contribute to tumorigenesis. Most studies have demonstrated that the NSAID, aspirin, plays a beneficial role in the prevention of CRC and colonic adenomas. Non-aspirin NSAIDs (NA-NSAIDs) have also been studied in CRC chemoprevention. There is increasing literature around their role in pre-cancerous polyp prevention and in decreasing CRC incidence and CRC-related outcomes in certain high-risk subgroups. However, the use of NA-NSAIDs may be accompanied by increased risks of toxicity. Further studies are required to establish the associations between concurrent aspirin and NA-NSAID use, and CRC-related outcomes.
Controlled masking and targeted release of redox-cycling ortho-quinones via a C–C bond-cleaving 1,6-elimination
Authors: Dunsmore Lavinia , Navo Claudio D. , Becher Julie , de Montes Enrique Gil , Guerreiro Ana , Hoyt Emily , Brown Libby , Zelenay Viviane , Mikutis Sigitas , Cooper Jonathan , Barbieri Isaia , Lawrinowitz Stefanie , Siouve Elise , Martin Esther , Ruivo Pedro R. , Rodrigues Tiago , da Cruz Filipa P. , Werz Oliver , Vassiliou George , Ravn Peter , Jiménez-Osés Gonzalo , Bernardes Gonçalo J. L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNatural products that contain ortho-quinones show great potential as anticancer agents but have been largely discarded from clinical development because their redox-cycling behaviour results in general systemic toxicity. Here we report conjugation of ortho-quinones to a carrier, which simultaneously masks their underlying redox activity. C-benzylation at a quinone carbonyl forms a redox-inactive benzyl ketol. Upon a specific enzymatic trigger, an acid-promoted, self-immolative C–C bond-cleaving 1,6-elimination mechanism releases the redox-active hydroquinone inside cells. By using a 5-lipoxygenase modulator, β-lapachone, we created cathepsin-B-cleavable quinone prodrugs. We applied the strategy for intracellular release of β-lapachone upon antibody-mediated delivery. Conjugation of protected β-lapachone to Gem-IgG1 antibodies, which contain the variable region of gemtuzumab, results in homogeneous, systemically non-toxic and conditionally stable CD33+-specific antibody–drug conjugates with in vivo efficacy against a xenograft murine model of acute myeloid leukaemia. This protection strategy could allow the use of previously overlooked natural products as anticancer agents, thus extending the range of drugs available for next-generation targeted therapeutics.