bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of overlapping but distinct cAMP and cGMP interaction sites with cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 3A by site‐directed mutagenesis and molecular modeling based on crystalline PDE4B
Authors: Zhang Wei , Ke Hengming , Tretiakova Anna P. , Jameson Bradford , Colman Robert W. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractCyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) hydrolyzes cAMP to AMP, but is competitively inhibited by cGMP due to a low kcat despite a tight Km. Cyclic AMP elevation is known to inhibit all pathways of platelet activation, and thus regulation of PDE3 activity is significant. Although cGMP elevation will inhibit platelet function, the major action of cGMP in platelets is to elevate cAMP by inhibiting PDE3A. To investigate the molecular details of how cGMP, a similar but not identical molecule to cAMP, behaves as an inhibitor of PDE3A, we constructed a molecular model of the catalytic domain of PDE3A based on homology to the recently determined X‐ray crystal structure of PDE4B. Based on the excellent fit of this model structure, we mutated nine amino acids in the putative catalytic cleft of PDE3A to alanine using site‐directed mutagenesis. Six of the nine mutants (Y751A, H840A, D950A, F972A, Q975A, and F1004A) significantly decreased catalytic efficiency, and had kcat/Km less than 10% of the wild‐type PDE3A using cAMP as substrate. Mutants N845A, F972A, and F1004A showed a 3‐ to 12‐fold increase of Km for cAMP. Four mutants (Y751A, H840A, D950A, and F1004A) had a 9‐ to 200‐fold increase of Ki for cGMP in comparison to the wild‐type PDE3A. Studies of these mutants and our previous study identified two groups of amino acids: E866 and F1004 contribute commonly to both cAMP and cGMP interactions while N845, E971, and F972 residues are unique for cAMP and the residues Y751, H836, H840, and D950 interact with cGMP. Therefore, our results provide biochemical evidence that cGMP interacts with the active site residues differently from cAMP.
Observer‐based adaptive neural network dynamic surface bipartite containment control for switched fractional order multi‐agent systems
Authors: Yuan Jiaxin , Chen Tao 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThis article studies the bipartite containment control problem for a class of fractional order nonlinear multi‐agent systems in the presence of arbitrary switchings and unmeasured states. Under the framework of Lyapunov function theory, this article proposes an adaptive neural network dynamic surface controller, in which dynamic surface control technology can avoid “explosion of complexity” and obtain fractional derivatives for virtual control functions continuously. Radial basis function neural networks are used to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions and an observer is designed to obtain the unmeasured states. The proposed distributed protocol can ensure all the signals remain semi‐global uniformly ultimately bounded in the closed‐loop system and all followers can converge to the convex hull containing each leader's trajectory as well as its opposite trajectory different in sign. Example and simulation results confirm the feasibility of the proposed control method.
Spanning Network Gels from Nanoparticles and Graph Theoretical Analysis of Their Structure and Properties
Authors: Vecchio Drew A. , Hammig Mark D. , Xiao Xiongye , Saha Anwesha , Bogdan Paul , Kotov Nicholas A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGels self‐assembled from colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) translate the size‐dependent properties of nanostructures to materials with macroscale volumes. Large spanning networks of NP chains provide high interconnectivity within the material necessary for a wide range of properties from conductivity to viscoelasticity. However, a great challenge for nanoscale engineering of such gels lies in being able to accurately and quantitatively describe their complex non‐crystalline structure that combines order and disorder. The quantitative relationships between the mesoscale structural and material properties of nanostructured gels are currently unknown. Here, it is shown that lead telluride NPs spontaneously self‐assemble into a spanning network hydrogel. By applying graph theory (GT), a method for quantifying the complex structure of the NP gels is established using a topological descriptor of average nodal connectivity that is found to correlate with the gel's mechanical and charge transport properties. GT descriptions make possible the design of non‐crystalline porous materials from a variety of nanoscale components for photonics, catalysis, adsorption, and thermoelectrics.
Photoenergy Harvesting by Photoacid Solution
Authors: Bae Jaehyeong , Lim Haeseong , Ahn Jaewan , Kim Yoon Hwa , Kim Min Soo , Kim Il‐Doo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSolar energy has seen 180 years of development since the discovery of the photovoltaic effect, having achieved the most successful commercialization in the energy‐harvesting fields. Despite its long history, even the most state‐of‐the‐art photovoltaics remain confined to solid‐state devices, limiting spatial and light utilization efficiencies. Herein, a liquid‐state photoenergy harvester based on a photoacid (PA), a chemical that releases protons upon light irradiation and recombines with them in the dark through a fully reversible reaction, is demonstrated. Asymmetric light exposure on a PA solution contained in a transparent tube generates a pH gradient (ΔpH = 2) along the exposed and dark regions, which charges the Nernst potential up to 0.7 V across the two electrodes embedded at each end, as if a capacitor. Owing to the reversibility of PAs, a PA‐driven liquid‐state photoenergy harvester (PLPH) generates capacitive currents up to 0.72 mA m−2 on an irradiation. Notably, the transparent nature of the PLPH enables vertical stacking up to 25 units, which multiplies the light‐harvesting efficiencies by over 1000%. This unique approach provides a new route to harness solar energy with a form‐factor‐free design that maximizes spatial and light‐use efficiencies.
Broadband Visible−Near Infrared Two‐Dimensional WSe2/In2Se3 Photodetector for Underwater Optical Communications
Authors: Zou Jihua , Ke Yizhen , Zhou Xiangyu , Huang Yixuan , Du Wen , Lin Lin , Wei Shunyong , Luo Lingzhi , Liu Hezhuang , Li Chuanlin , Shen Kai , Ren Aobo , Wu Jiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractP–n junctions based on 2D materials can be achieved using a selective doping technique, while such a method is challenged by the complex fabrication process. Here, a facile van der Waals (vdWs) structured p–n heterojunction is demonstrated by simply transferring an n‐type multilayer α‐In2Se3 (direct bandgap) on a p‐type ultra‐thin WSe2 nanosheet. The vdWs stacked photodetector with an improved type‐II band alignment not only realizes a broadband spectral response from visible to near infrared (405–905 nm), but also operates well with a diode‐like behavior. This behavior is further confirmed by the high‐resolution scanning photocurrent mapping. As a result, the as‐fabricated device exhibits a short response time (<120 µs) and a high responsivity of 1.84 A W−1 under 520 nm laser illumination. Accordingly, an underwater optical communication system based on the WSe2/α‐In2Se3 p‐n heterojunction photodetector is demonstrated, which is promising for next‐generation high‐performance and low‐power detection applications.
Immobilized Molecular Catalysts for CO2Photoreduction
Authors: Reguero Mar , Claver Carmen , Carrilho Rui Miguel Barroso , Masdeu‐Bultó Anna Maria 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCatalytic carbon dioxide transformation to low valence carbon molecules such as carbon monoxide, formic acid, methanol and methane is a sustainable way to produce fuels and chemicals. Molecular catalysts can be designed to selectively transform CO2at mild conditions, but a solvent medium is required. Instead, the molecular catalysts can be immobilized on solid supports to facilitate the continuous flow procedure and the separation of the products to recycle the catalytic systems for a more sustainable process. Photosensitive supports may also favor the light‐absorbing steps and electron transfer processes. In this article, the recent results obtained in the photocatalytic CO2‐reduction using catalytic systems formed by molecular compounds anchored on solids are reviewed.
A Comparative Techno‐Economic and Lifecycle Analysis of Biomass‐Derived Anode Materials for Lithium‐ and Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Trotta Federico , Wang George Jing , Guo Zhenyu , Xu Zhen , Crespo Ribadeneyra Maria , Au Heather , Edge Jacqueline Sophie , Titirici Maria Magdalena , Lander Laura 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe transition towards renewable energy and electric transportation depends on the development of efficient energy storage technologies. Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have gained increasing popularity despite rising prices and uncertainty around sourcing the component materials. This has recently prompted the development of alternative alkali batteries, such as sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, despite academic efforts focused on optimizing technical performance, few have studied the underlying economic and environmental impacts of alkali batteries. Therefore, this research examines the techno‐economic and environmental performance of SIBs, using a “cradle‐to‐gate” life cycle assessment of cell manufacturing, comparing sodium‐ion half cells (coin cells) with their lithium counterparts. An optimal charge capacity of 312.4 mAh g−1 for sodium‐ion half‐cells has been achieved using glucose‐derived hard‐carbons, a 45% charge capacity increase compared to lithium. Sodium half‐cells are shown to be 18% cheaper compared to lithium. From the life cycle analysis, it is found that sodium‐ion half‐cells show the lowest environmental footprint across all impact categories compared to lithium. It can be concluded that sodium is a credible alternative to LIBs with a preference for SIBs when environmental factors are jointly considered with techno‐economics.
A Versatile, Incubator‐Compatible, Monolithic GaN Photonic Chipscope for Label‐Free Monitoring of Live Cell Activities
Authors: Hou Yong , Jing Jixiang , Luo Yumeng , Xu Feng , Xie Wenyan , Ma Linjie , Xia Xingyu , Wei Qiang , Lin Yuan , Li Kwai Hei , Chu Zhiqin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe ability to quantitatively monitor various cellular activities is critical for understanding their biological functions and the therapeutic response of cells to drugs. Unfortunately, existing approaches such as fluorescent staining and impedance‐based methods are often hindered by their multiple time‐consuming preparation steps, sophisticated labeling procedures, and complicated apparatus. The cost‐effective, monolithic gallium nitride (GaN) photonic chip has been demonstrated as an ultrasensitive and ultracompact optical refractometer in a previous work, but it has never been applied to cell studies. Here, for the first time, the so‐called GaN chipscope is proposed to quantitatively monitor the progression of different intracellular processes in a label‐free manner. Specifically, the GaN‐based monolithic chip enables not only a photoelectric readout of cellular/subcellular refractive index changes but also the direct imaging of cellular/subcellular ultrastructural features using a customized differential interference contrast (DIC) microscope. The miniaturized chipscope adopts an ultracompact design, which can be readily mounted with conventional cell culture dishes and placed inside standard cell incubators for real‐time observation of cell activities. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, its applications are explored in 1) cell adhesion dynamics monitoring, 2) drug screening, and 3) cell differentiation studies, highlighting its potential in broad fundamental cell biology studies as well as in clinical applications.
Measuring firms' dynamic inefficiency accounting for corporate social responsibility in the U.S. food and beverage manufacturing industry
Authors: Kapelko Magdalena , Oude Lansink Alfons 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article proposes an innovative approach to evaluate firms' inefficiency accounting for corporate social responsibility. In the first step, we estimate dynamic inefficiency for each factor of production using data envelopment analysis. Next, we explore differences in inefficiencies between groups of firms of which participation is determined using latent class analysis. The empirical application focuses on the United States food and beverage manufacturing firms over the period 2004–2018. The results distinguish three classes of firms that differ in terms of their inefficiency, their association with external covariates as well as in their input–output profiles.
Overlap between suitable nursery grounds for Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) and Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) larvae
Authors: Nishikawa Haruka , Itoh Sachihiko , Yasuda Ichiro , Komatsu Kosei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSome areas of the spawning and nursery grounds of Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) and Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) overlap both spatially and temporally. The sardine's spawning ground overlap ratio is greater than that of the anchovy. Many sardine larvae inevitably share their habitat with anchovy larvae. However, the interspecific interaction is found only from sardine to anchovy. The focus was on overlapping suitable nursery grounds to explain this unidirectional interspecific interaction. Suitable nursery grounds are defined as the areas where larvae grow faster. If an area with both anchovy and sardine has a specific environmental condition suitable only for sardine growth, sardine will survive there more easily than the anchovy. Suitable conditions based on growth rates were obtained from a combination of otolith analyses and backward particle tracking experiments were estimated. The sizes of suitable areas for each species and both species were estimated considering the ideal conditions for both species. The overlap ratio for suitable anchovy nursery grounds was higher than for sardine during the overlapping spawning period. Based on these results, the following hypotheses were proposed. Although anchovy and sardine larvae occur in the same area, the area is often suitable only for sardine larvae growth. Rapid growth works advantageously regarding interspecific competition as long as food resources are limited. This hypothesis can explain the one‐way interspecific interaction from sardine to anchovy.
An AIEgen/graphene oxide nanocomposite (AIEgen@GO)‐based two‐stage “turn‐on” nucleic acid biosensor for rapid detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 viral sequence
Authors: Zhang Qin , Yin Bohan , Hao Jianhua , Ma Linjie , Huang Yingying , Shao Xueying , Li Chuanqi , Chu Zhiqin , Yi Changqing , Wong Siu Hong Dexter , Yang Mo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe ongoing outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic has posed significant challenges in early viral diagnosis. Hence, it is urgently desirable to develop a rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive method to aid point‐of‐care SARS‐CoV‐2 detection. In this work, we report a highly sequence‐specific biosensor based on nanocomposites with aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgen)‐labeled oligonucleotide probes on graphene oxide nanosheets (AIEgen@GO) for one step‐detection of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific nucleic acid sequences (Orf1ab or N genes). A dual “turn‐on” mechanism based on AIEgen@GO was established for viral nucleic acids detection. Here, the first‐stage fluorescence recovery was due to dissociation of the AIEgen from GO surface in the presence of target viral nucleic acid, and the second‐stage enhancement of AIE‐based fluorescent signal was due to the formation of a nucleic acid duplex to restrict the intramolecular rotation of the AIEgen. Furthermore, the feasibility of our platform for diagnostic application was demonstrated by detecting SARS‐CoV‐2 virus plasmids containing both Orf1ab and N genes with rapid detection around 1 h and good sensitivity at pM level without amplification. Our platform shows great promise in assisting the initial rapid detection of the SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid sequence before utilizing quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction for second confirmation.
Numerical simulation analysis of the induced thrust on a char particle in reaction process
Authors: Zhou Shengyu , Shen Zhongjie , Liang Qinfeng , Xu Jianliang , Dai Zhenghua , Liu Haifeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe force exerted on particles is of great significance to the flow and reaction characteristics of particles in gasifier. In this study, the unbalanced thrust, especially its magnitude, of a single char particle induced by chemical reactions during combustion process is investigated numerically, based on the random distribution of active sites. It is revealed that the nonuniform distribution of active sites directly leads to the nonuniform absorption of reactants and release of products, which accounts for the net induced thrust on particles. The effects of active site ratio, ambient gas temperature and particle diameter on the induced thrust of reacting particles were investigated. The results show that the induced thrust on particles could be equal to the magnitude of particle gravity. The induced thrust is determined by the nonuniformity of carbon distribution on char surface. The net thrust is enhanced with the increase of specific carbon consumption rate.
Photoinduced α‐C−H Amination of Cyclic Amine Scaffolds Enabled by Polar‐Radical Relay
Authors: Lee Wongyu , Kim Dongwook , Seo Sangwon , Chang Sukbok 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHerein, we report a polar‐radical relay strategy for α‐C−H amination of cyclic amines with N‐chloro‐N‐sodio‐carbamates. The relay is initiated by in situ generation of cyclic iminium intermediate using N‐iodosuccinimide (NIS) oxidant as an initiator, which then operates through a series of polar (addition and elimination) and radical (homolysis, hydrogen‐ and halogen atom transfer) reactions to enable the challenging C−N bond formation in a controlled manner. A broad range of α‐amino cyclic amines were readily accessed with excellent regioselectivity, and the superb applicability was further demonstrated by functionalization of biologically relevant compounds.
Oxidative stability, structural, and textural properties of margarine enriched with Moringa oleifera leaves extract
Authors: Ouahrani Sara , Tzompa‐Sosa Daylan Amelia , Dewettinck Koen , Zaidi Farid 
Published: April 2022

AbstractConsumer's demand for clean label food ingredients has driven the development of alternative food additives. This study falls within this challenge through valorization of Moringa oleifera leaves grown in Algeria as a natural antioxidant. A methanolic M. oleifera leaves extract (MOLE) was prepared and included in margarine at various levels (400, 600, and 800 ppm) and was compared to vitamin E and a margarine without antioxidants. The effect of addition of MOLE on margarine quality was studied by means of its oxidative stability, structural, textural properties, color, and aroma fingerprint. It was shown that addition of MOLE to margarine increased resistance towards oxidation, showing a higher antioxidant capacity as compared to margarine with vitamin E or without antioxidants. Moreover, addition of MOLE decreased water droplet size, which is desirable from a microbiological viewpoint since it could extend margarine's shelf life. Furthermore, addition of MOLE leads to the formation of smaller fat crystals, resulting in different fat network formation, which could be the cause of the increase in hardness seen in these margarines. Regarding sensorial effects, MOLE addition led to a significant darkening of the margarine and increase yellowness. Moreover, the aroma fingerprint showed that addition of MOLE modified the aroma fingerprint of this product.
An experimental assessment of competitive interactions between sexual and apomictic fern gametophytes using Easy Leaf Area
Authors: Hornych Ondřej , Černochová Lucie , Lisner Aleš , Ekrt Libor 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPremiseFew studies have explored competition in fern gametophyte populations. One limiting factor is the tedious measurement of gametophyte size as a proxy for biomass in these small plants. Here, an alternative approach of estimating the number of green pixels from photos was employed to measure the competitive interactions among apomictic and sexual Dryopteris gametophytes.MethodsWe cultivated the gametophytes of two apomictic (diploid and triploid) and one sexual (tetraploid) Dryopteris species in monocultures and in two‐species mixtures in the ratios 1 : 1 and 1 : 3. The total gametophyte cover of each population originating from 20 spores was assessed using Easy Leaf Area. Assessments were performed weekly between weeks 4 and 10 of cultivation. Additionally, during week 5, the cover of each species in each mixture was estimated separately.ResultsWe identified a positive correlation between gametophyte size and ploidy level as well as sexual reproduction. The performance of the tested species in mixtures was dependent on the competitor species identity, indicating the importance of competition between gametophytes.DiscussionThe methods outlined can be used for a rapid assessment of fern gametophyte cover in large gametophyte populations. Ploidy level and reproduction type seem to play a major role in the competitive abilities of fern gametophytes, but more research is needed on this topic.
Scaling patterns of cerebellar petrosal lobules in Euarchontoglires: Impacts of ecology and phylogeny
Authors: Lang Madlen M. , Bertrand Ornella C. , San Martin‐Flores Gabriela , Law Chris J. , Abdul‐Sater Jade , Spakowski Shayda , Silcox Mary T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe petrosal lobules (in whole or part homologous with the paraflocculi) of the cerebellum regulate functions associated with vision including smooth pursuit and velocity control of eye movements, suggesting a possible relationship between the petrosal lobules and behavioral adaptation. Previous studies have produced diverging conclusions regarding the lobules' ecological signal. The current study examines lobule scaling within an ecologically diverse but phylogenetically constrained sample of extant mammals to determine whether ecology influences relative petrosal lobule size. Using the endocasts of 140 Euarchontoglires (Primates, Scandentia, Dermoptera, Lagomorpha, Rodentia), petrosal lobule size was evaluated relative to endocranium and body size, accounting for phylogenetic relationships and ecology (locomotor behavior, diet, activity pattern). Results show a strong positive relationship between lobule size and both endocranial volume and body mass. Phylogeny is a major factor in the scaling of the petrosal lobules, with significant differences in relative size identified between orders and suborders. Concerning ecology, fossorial taxa were found to have significantly smaller petrosal lobules relative to body mass compared to other locomotor groups across Euarchontoglires. The small lobules possessed by this group may reflect an adaptation related to reduced visual reliance. In contrast to previous research, no relationship was identified between relative lobule size and any other ecological variables. While variation in relative lobule size may be adaptively significant in some groups (i.e., fossorial species), it is critical to study the evolution of petrosal lobule size within a narrow phylogenetic scope, with inclusion of fossil material to inform our understanding of evolutionary trajectories.