bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crotalaria spectabilis Roth como cobertura en café (Coffea arabica L) para el manejo de malezas
Authors: Gómez Gómez Robin , Cháves Sánchez Eric , González Lutz María Isabel 
Published: August 2022

Introducción. El establecimiento de cultivos de cobertura como Crotalaria spectabilis es una práctica agroecológica con múltiples beneficios agronómicos y ambientales. Objetivos. Evaluar el efecto de 3 métodos de siembra de C. spectabilis en café en el control de malezas, acúmulo de nitrógeno y fijación de carbono. Además, determinar el periodo de espera entre el control de malezas y la siembra de C. spectabilis, y la tolerancia de C. spectabilis a herbicidas post emergentes. Materiales y métodos. El primer experimento se realizó en Orosi, Costa Rica, en el 2017. C. spectabilis fue sembrada mediante 3 métodos en medio de las hileras de siembra del café. El segundo experimento se realizó en un invernadero en Alajuela, en el 2018. Se aplicó glifosato, glufosinato de amonio y diquat sobre potes llenos con suelo. Luego de 0, 4 y 8 días se sembró C. spectabilis con y sin cobertura de suelo. En el tercer experimento se sembraron en potes semillas de C. spectabilis; cuando las plantas tenían 2, 3 y 4 hojas verdaderas se aplicó fluazifop-p-butil, cletodim y bentazona, asimismo las mezclas fluazifop-p-butil + bentazona y cletodim + bentazona. Resultados. En Orosi, todos los tratamientos lograron una reducción de cobertura de malezas menor al 26%, en comparación con el testigo. La tasa de crecimiento relativo de C. spectabilis fue baja y similar en las 3 metodologías de siembra. La acumulación de nitrógeno y la absorción de CO2 fue mayor en el tratamiento de hileras tapadas (81,46 kg.ha-1 N y 6,20 t.ha-1 CO2, respectivamente). En invernadero, no se observó un efecto negativo de ningún herbicida sobre la germinación ni el crecimiento de C. spectabilis. Conclusión. Debido a la competencia con las malezas, no fue posible establecer C. spectabilis como cobertura en café, sin embargo el uso de los herbicidas evaluados en invernadero permitieron controlar las malezas.
Editorial for the Special Issue “Spatial and regional aspects of health”
Authors: Renner Anna-Theresa , Santos Rita , Pongiglione Benedetta , Hoffmann Roman 
Published: August 2022

The health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic highlights, more than ever, the necessity of scientific research to inform policy action. During such a crisis it is vital that any measures taken by policy makers mitigate the consequences of risks without causing long-lasting social and economic harm. Spatial aspects play an important role here: knowledge about the spread of a disease through space and social networks, the effectiveness of different policy responses, and the economic and social implications for the population are of particular relevance. As any policy action is embedded in its institutional and social environment, not every measure is effective in all contexts. Moreover, infectious diseases can spread at different speed in different places, requiring tailored interventions. Careful evaluation and comparison of different settings, including the organization of the healthcare systems and the geographic and demographic characteristics of a region or country, is therefore essential. The COVID-19 pandemic has made manifest the importance of the spatial and geographical dimension of health, however, the relevance of this interlinkage is not limited to the spread of contagious diseases. Differences in accessibility of services between urban and rural regions, the varying costs of access to healthcare for different (socioeconomic) groups of the population, the impact of these on healthcare utilization, and environmental shocks on population health are just a few examples illustrating the close link between space, socioeconomic factors and health.
This special issue of REGION is presented in two parts. In the first part, papers explore the spread and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health and economy. In the second part, papers investigate regional and spatial aspects of the healthcare sector with a focus on health disparities.
Pengembangan Digital B-OK Bentuk Muka Bumi Malang Raya sebagai Sumber Belajar IPS SMP Kelas VII
Authors: Nadhianty Ardhina , Purnomo Agus 
Published: August 2022

Social Studies is one of the subjects that has a variety of learning material, one of which is the natural environment. The natural environment as a learning material has several limitations so that media is needed that functions as a container in the process of conveying messages to students. The media that can be used to address these problems is digital books. This study aims to describe the prototype development design of Digital BOK with the material of the Earth Form of Malang Raya. The results of research and development are in the form of a digital book that contains material on the shape of the Earth of Malang Raya in PDF format accompanied by a QR Code that can be accessed by users to view videos of the topography of Malang Raya which is expected to be able to provide alternative learning material and supplement books, as well as a form of implementing environmental digitization. around students. Product development in this study uses an RD (Research and Development) approach with ADDIE design. The results of product validation show the percentage score of 85% for validation of learning content, 80% for language validation, and 97.5% for learning media validation. Meanwhile, the results of trials on prospective users or validation by social studies teachers at SMP obtained an average percentage of 84.7%. Based on these percentages, it can be concluded that the Digital B-OK Bentuk Muka Bumi Malang Raya can be categorized as "very feasible" for further use in learning activities.
Analysis of the Potential Attraction of Eco-Karst Tourism of Maron River, Dersono Village, Pringkuku District Pacitan Regency
Authors: Wijayanti Pipit , Zamani Muhammad Zaki 
Published: August 2022

<p><em>Tourism is one of the ways for residents at the village to gain income and aslo a contributor to the national economy. The tourism that is found in every village nowadays favors the potential of the surrounding nature. Pacitan Regency is known to have tourism potential related to the advantages of its karst landscape. Pacitan also got the nickname "1000 Goa" because there are many karst caves found there. Villages in Pacitan Regency have developed a lot of eco-karst tourism. Dersono Village is a village located in Pringkuku District, Pacitan Regency. There is one leading eco-karst tourism in the village that is currently being managed, namely the Maron River. Although it has similarities with other tourism in Pacitan Regency, which is the same theme of eco-karst, however Maron River certainly has its own attraction which made tourists who come to Pacitan Regency decided to visit the Maron River</em> <em>This study aims to analyze the potential for tourism attraction of Maron River based on the 4A </em>tourism components<em>. The method used in this study is descriptive research with data collection through observation and interviews. Based on the results of the study, the study found that the tourism attraction of Maron River based on 4A has met the parameters. However, it still needs to be developed so that the number of tourist visits continues to increase and can be expanded with new eco-karst attractions.</em><strong></strong></p><p> </p>
Simultaneous transformation of ginsenoside Rb1 into rare ginsenoside F2 and Compound K by the extracellular enzyme from Aspergillus Niger Wu-16
Authors: Yang Fan , Wu Zhansheng , Cao Shanshan , Tao Zhidong , Fan Daidi , Liu Xiaochen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ginsenoside Compound K (CK) has high pharmacological activity for being widely used in the treatment and prevention of diseases. However, the content of CK in ginseng is very low or almost non-existent. In the present study, ginsenoside Rb1 was converted into ginsenoside F2 and CK by using the extracellular protein isolated from Aspergillus niger Wu-16. The results show that the crude enzymes produced by Wu-16 can catalyze the conversion of the substrate Rb1 to ginsenoside F2 and CK. The reaction time, pH, temperature, and ratio of enzyme to substrate for preparing ginsenoside F2 and CK were used as optimization factors. A reaction time of 48 h, pH=3, temperature of 55°C, and enzyme-to-substrate ratio of 0.8 were obtained. Furthermore, response surface optimization experiment was carried out to further obtain the maximum conversion rates of ginsenoside F2 and CK with 50.11% and 33.50% for 48 h, respectively. On this basis, the effect of metal ions on the enzymatic reaction showed that the conversion rate of ginsenoside Rb1 was increased remarkably by Co2+ with concentrations of 0.5 mM, and the highest conversion rate into rare ginsenoside CK reached 56.10%. Therefore, the advantage of enzymes catalysis from A. Niger Wu-16 could be a simple, convenient, and rapid method to produce rare saponin F2 and CK, this method provides a certain reference value for the production of rare ginsenosides.
Design and Analysis of 4x2 Optical Encoder using Waveguides and Defects Mechanism in Two Dimensional Photonic Crystals
Authors: Gogga Sanjeev , Gowre Sanjaykumar C , Sonth Mahesh V , Miyan Hameed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The proposed encoder in two dimensional photonic crystals is analyzed interms of flow of light inside waveguides. Waveguides have been created by removing silicon rods in the structure and defects with smaller radii have been created to achieve the proper couplers operations. The photonic band gap of the proposed encoder is determined and their performance is evaluated using finite difference time domain method. The proposed design has an optical output power threshold range between 76-94% for ON state and threshold level of OFF state is below 20%. The proposed encoder is operated in the wavelength of 1550 nm. Hence, it is applicable for high speed optical integrated circuit. The response time and contrast ratio calculated from the proposed encoder are 0.24 ps and 8.59 dB which are comparatively better than the literature reported with compare to footprint area of the proposed encoder.
Mycorrhizal fungi reduce the photosystem damage caused by drought stress on Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis
Authors: Huang Can , He Xiahong , Shi Rui , Zi Shuhui , Xi Congfang , Li Xiaoxian , Liu Tao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Drought stress (DS) is one of the important abiotic stresses facing cash crops today. Drought can reduce plant growth and development, inhibit photosynthesis, and thus reduce plant yield. In this experiment, we investigated the protective mechanism of AMF on plant photosynthetic system by inoculating Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis with a clumping mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) under drought conditions. The drought environment was maintained by weighing AM plants and non-AM plants. The relative water content (RWC) of plant leaves was measured to determine its drought effect. DS decreased the RWC of plants, but AMF was able to increase the RWC of plants. chlorophyll a fluorescence curve measurements revealed that DS increased the OKJIP curve of plants, but AMF was able to reduce this trend, indicating that AMF increased the light absorption capacity of plants. dS also caused a decrease in plant Y(I) and Y(II). ETRI and ETRII, and increased Y(NO) and Y(NA) in plants, indicating that DS caused photosystem damage in plants. For the same host, different AMFs did not help to the same extent , but all AMFs were able to help plants reduce this damage and contribute to the increase of plant photosynthesis under normal water conditions.This work was supported by the Key R & D program of Yunnan Province, China (grant no. 202103AC100003；202101AS070228)；Major special projects of the Ministry of science and technology (2021YFD1000202)；the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31860075)
Bcl-2 associated transcription factor 1 promotes proliferation but inhibits self-renewal of embryonic spinal cord neural stem/progenitor cells through enhancing the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling
Authors: He Xu , Li Pian , Kang Zhengwen , Tian He , Miao Ping , Zhang Qiusheng , Lin Wenping 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Spinal cord neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) have great potential to reconstitute damaged spinal neural circuitry. However, the mechanisms regulating their activities have not been thoroughly understood. In this study, we revealed the expression and function of Bcl-2-associated transcription factor 1 (BCLAF1) in mouse NSPCs.
Methods
Mouse embryonic spinal cord NSPCs were cultured in vitro. Lentivirus-mediated Bclaf1 knockdown was conducted. After Bclaf1 knockdown, NSPC apoptosis and proliferation were measured by Annexin V staining and Ki67 staining, respectively. NSPC self-renewal was analyzed by the serial passage assay. NSPC multipotentcy was evaluated by the NSPC differentiation assay. The expression of molecules key to NSPC proliferation and differentiation was measured by real-time RT-PCR and Immunoblotting. Respectively.
Results
BCLAF1 knockdown inhibited NSPC proliferation but enhanced NSPC self-renewal. BCLAF1 knockdown significantly down-regulated the protein levels of Cyclin D1 and Cyclin E1 in NSPCs. Furthermore, BCLAF1 knockdown abrogated the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) via decreasing the transcript levels of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and regulatory-associated protein of mammalian target of rapamycin (Raptor). The mTOR activator MHY1485 partially restored NSPC proliferation. However, BCLAF1 seemed not to affect NSPC differentiation into neurons and astroglia.
Conclusions
BCLAF1 promotes spinal cord NSPC proliferation but inhibits spinal cord NSPC self-renewal through enhancing the mTORC1 signaling.
Investigation of Tribological Behaviour of AA-6063 Cast Using In-Situ Microwave Process By Taguchi Method &amp; ANFIS Model
Authors: Gangwar Vaibhav , Kumar Sudhir , Singh Hari 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Tribological behaviour of AA-6063 casted by microwave casting process was investigated. In this present work, sliding wear analysis has done on in-situ cast developed through the novel technique. The in-situ cast of AA-6063 was developed using microwave irradiation. Sliding wear variables like normal load, sliding velocity and sliding distance are optimized through Taguchi technique. L9 orthogonal array and signal-to-noise analysis is used to obtain the optimum process parameter for wear rate (WR) as the selected response. After development, validation tests were performed using variance analysis (ANOVA). The addition of this electron scanning (SEM) microscope, scattering X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) images and the friction characteristics was done to study the wear rate. The adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference device (ANFIS) model changed into evolved the use of test information and re-evaluated the use of an aging level for wear rate.
Societal movement restrictions and adverse mental health outcomes
Authors: Chan Ho Fai , Cheng Zhiming , Mendolia Silvia , Paloyo Alfredo , Tani Massimiliano , Proulx Damon , Savage David , Torgler Benno 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, governments struggled to find the right balance between re-strictive measures to contain the spread of the virus, and the effects of these measures on people’s psychological wellbeing. This paper investigates the relationship between limitations to mobility and mental health for the UK population during the COVID-19 pandemic, using a unique combination of high-frequency mobility data from Google and longitudinal monthly survey data collected during the pandemic. We find a strong and robust correlation between high-frequency mobility data and established low-frequency mental health survey data. We show that increased residential stationarity predicts a mental wellbeing deterioration even when we control for regional COVID-19 prevalence and lockdown stringency. We uncover heterogeneity in this relationship. Particularly high levels of distress are seen in young, healthy people living alone with an active working life. Women also suffer more from mobility restrictions than men, especially if they have young children.
On n-quasi-(m, q)-isometric operators on a Banach space
Authors: Gherairi Khadija 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the class of n-quasi-m-isometric operators on a Banach space. Such a class seems to be a natural generalization of m-isometric operators on Banach spaces and of n-quasi-m-isometric operators on Hilbert spaces. We start by giving some of their elementary properties, studying the products and the power of such operators. Next, we will explain the relation between C0-semigroups, n-quasi-(m, q)-isometric operators and (m, q)-isometric operators. Finally, we focus on the dynamic of an n-quasi-m-isometry. More precisely, we prove a result characterizing the supercyclicity of such a class.
Roles of salicylic acid in selenium-enhanced salt tolerance in tomato plants
Authors: Guo Jia , Wu Hong , Fan Shuya , Gong Haijun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aims
Selenium (Se) has been reported to mitigate the harmful effect of salt stress on plants, however the internal mechanisms are still unknown. Here, the effects of Se supplementation on tomato under salt stress were investigated.
Methods
The biomass, relative electrical conductivity (REC), relative water content (RWC), malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar and proline content, and the regulation of plant hormones of Se application in tomato were investigated after exposure to Se and salt stress treatments.
Results
Exogenous Se application improved photosynthesis and the water use efficiency (WUE) of tomato plants under salt stress, thereby promoting the growth of tomato plants under salt stress. Se supplementation also reduced the REC and MDA, decreased the content of H2O2 and O2•−, and mitigated the oxidative damage caused by salt stress. Exogenous Se increased the salicylic acid (SA) content in tomato leaves and roots via up-regulating the PAL or ICS pathways of SA biosynthesis. After pretreatment with the SA inhibitor (ABT), the photosynthetic efficiency of tomato plants decreased, the growth was weakened, and the relative electrical conductivity was increased, indicating that the alleviating role of Se on salt stress was abolished.
Conclusions
Our results clarified the roles of Se and its regulation mechanisms in plant salt stress tolerance, as well as the critical involvement of SA in this process. The study of Se in plant abiotic stress tolerance will give more theoretical foundation for the usage of exogenous Se in agricultural production to enhance the crop growth and yield under adversity stresses.
Preoperative simulation using 3D-CT angiography in splenic flexure colon cancer: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Kawashima Jun , Yamagishi Shigeru , Mori Koichi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the extent of lymph node dissection (LND) determined using preoperative Three-dimensional computed tomography angiography (3D-CTA), in the management of splenic flexure colon cancer (SFC).Methods: In this retrospective observational study, sixty patients who underwent preoperative 3D-CTA and laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision for SFC between September 2012 and December 2021 were identified at a tertiary care center in Japan. Preoperative 3D-CTA was used to confirm the feeding arteries, following which the extent of LND was determined. Left hemicolectomy (LHC) was performed in cases requiring LND in the domains of the middle colic artery and left colic artery. In other cases, a partial colectomy (PC) that was defined as a segmental resection of the splenic flexure with LND in the domains of the feeding arterie(s) was performed. Surgical and oncological outcomes were compared between PC and LHC.Results: Preoperative 3D-CTA enabled the evaluation of the feeding artery in all patients. PC was performed in 51 patients (85.0%). Patients who underwent PC had a shorter operating time (P=0.04) and lesser blood loss (P=0.02). There was no difference in complications between the two groups. The number of harvested lymph nodes was lower in the PC group (P=0.008); however, the number of metastatic lymph nodes was comparable. There was no significant difference in the 3-year overall survival, as well as the 3-year disease free survival.Conclusions: Preoperative simulation using 3D-CTA has the potential to be useful in the identification of feeding arteries and determination of optimal extent of LND.Trial registration: The trial was registered with the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, number UMIN000047600.
P2X4 receptor signaling enhances MrgprB2-mediated mast cell activation and pseudoallergic reactions in mice
Authors: Yoshida Kazuki , Tanihara Shota , Miyashita Yuki , Obayashi Kosuke , Ito Masa-aki , Yamamoto Kimiko , Imai Toshiyashu , Matsuoka Isao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Pseudoallergies caused by drugs make disease treatment difficult. Mas-relate G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), which is specifically expressed in mast cells (MCs), has been implicated in pseudoallergies. High concentrations of therapeutic agents are typically required to stimulate MRGPRX2. Although regulatory mechanisms may enhance this response, the factors involved in this regulation are not well-understood. In this study, the effects of extracellular ATP on MC activation induced by MrgprB2, the mouse ortholog of human MRGPRX2, were examined in mouse peritoneal MCs (PMCs). ATP alone induced minimal PMC degranulation but markedly enhanced degranulation induced by the MrgprB2 agonist compound 48/80 (CP48/80), substance P, PAMP-12, and vancomycin. ATP promoted CP48/80-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ in PMCs. This enhancement effect of ATP was absent in PMCs prepared from P2X4 receptor (P2X4R)-deficient mice and inhibited by the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin. In addition, P2X4R deficiency reduced the skin-specific and systemic anaphylactic responses to CP48/80 in vivo. In MC-deficient KitW-sh/W-sh mice, reconstitution with MCs obtained from wild-type mice led to a more severe anaphylactic response to CP48/80 compared to that in P2X4R-deficient mice. P2X4R signaling may be involved in MrgprB2-mediated MC activation and is a potential target for alleviating pseudoallergic reactions.