bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chloroplast gene expression level is negatively correlated with evolutionary rates and selective pressure while positively with codon usage bias in Ophioglossum vulgatum L
Authors: Hao Jing , Liang Yingyi , Ping Jingyao , Li Jinye , Shi Wanxin , Su Yingjuan , Wang Ting 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Characterization of the key factors determining gene expression level has been of significant interest. Previous studies on the relationship among evolutionary rates, codon usage bias, and expression level mostly focused on either nuclear genes or unicellular/multicellular organisms but few in chloroplast (cp) genes. Ophioglossum vulgatum is a unique fern and has important scientific and medicinal values. In this study, we sequenced its cp genome and transcriptome to estimate the evolutionary rates (dN and dS), selective pressure (dN/dS), gene expression level, codon usage bias, and their correlations.

Results
The correlation coefficients between dN, dS, and dN/dS, and Transcripts Per Million (TPM) average values were -0.278 (P = 0.027 < 0.05), -0.331 (P = 0.008 < 0.05), and -0.311 (P = 0.013 < 0.05), respectively. The codon adaptation index (CAI) and tRNA adaptation index (tAI) were significantly positively correlated with TPM average values (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Our results indicated that when the gene expression level was higher, the evolutionary rates and selective pressure were lower, but the codon usage bias was stronger. We provided evidence from cp gene data which supported the E-R (E stands for gene expression level and R stands for evolutionary rate) anti-correlation.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of peach multiple organellar RNA editing factors reveals the roles of RNA editing in plant immunity
Authors: Zhang Aidi , Xiong Yuhong , Fang Jing , Liu Kangchen , Peng Huixiang , Zhang Xiujun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Multiple organellar RNA editing factor (MORF) genes play key roles in chloroplast developmental processes by mediating RNA editing of Cytosine-to-Uracil conversion. However, the function of MORF genes in peach (Prunus persica), a perennial horticultural crop species of Rosaceae, is still not well known, particularly the resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses that threaten peach yield seriously.

Results
In this study, to reveal the regulatory roles of RNA editing in plant immunity, we implemented genome-wide analysis of peach MORF (PpMORF) genes in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. The chromosomal and subcellular location analysis showed that the identified seven PpMORF genes distributed on three peach chromosomes were mainly localized in the mitochondria and chloroplast. All the PpMORF genes were classified into six groups and one pair of PpMORF genes was tandemly duplicated. Based on the meta-analysis of two types of public RNA-seq data under different treatments (biotic and abiotic stresses), we observed down-regulated expression of PpMORF genes and reduced chloroplast RNA editing, especially the different response of PpMORF2 and PpMORF9 to pathogens infection between resistant and susceptible peach varieties, indicating the roles of MORF genes in stress response by modulating the RNA editing extent in plant immunity. Three upstream transcription factors (MYB3R-1, ZAT10, HSFB3) were identified under both stresses, they may regulate resistance adaption by modulating the PpMORF gene expression.

Conclusion
These results provided the foundation for further analyses of the functions of MORF genes, in particular the roles of RNA editing in plant immunity. In addition, our findings will be conducive to clarifying the resistance mechanisms in peaches and open up avenues for breeding new cultivars with high resistance.
Inferences for current chronic graft-versus-host-disease free and relapse free survival
Authors: Zhang Xu , Solomon Scott R. , Sizemore Connie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper provides the methodologies of a new summary curve that measures the dynamic outcome following allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation. This new summary curve computes the probabilities that a patient is alive in remission and free of severe-to-moderate chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) over time. The probability is called Current chronic GVHD-free, Relapse-Free Survival (CGRFS). Based on a multistate model depicting the possible states that a patient may experience after transplant, CGRFS can be formulated as a linear combination of five survival functions. This method is known as the model-free approach. In this paper we provide the inferences of the model-free approach, including estimation of CGRFS, precision evaluation and comparison of CGRFS between two independent samples.
Association between community environment and dependency among the elderly people from a service provision perspective
Authors: Pan YiYang , Chen Yuan , Cui PingYu , Waili Nuremaguli , Li Ying 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The incidence of dependency is high among the elderly people worldwide and increases with increasing life expectancy. The purpose of this study was to establish from the perspective of resource demand the association between community environmental resources and dependency among the elderly people.

Methods
This study is a cross-sectional design based on community from 22 locations in China. A multistage sampling method was used to select the study objects. The questionnaires were used to collect the survey data by face-to-face interviews. A total of 950 individuals completed the survey, and 913 individuals were available for this analysis. Dependency and community environment were measured using the standard instruments. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the community environment factors associated with dependency. Cluster analysis was used and demonstrated that dependency was mainly associated with community primary preventive care service resources.

Results
In the group aged under 70 years, the utilization of electronic health records and the need for health assessments, and rehabilitation equipment rentals were significantly associated with the levels of dependency scores: the OR was 2.81, 2.25 and 2.13 (P < 0.05), respectively. In the group aged 70 years and over, a short-term care home was strongly associated with levels of dependency: the OR was 4.01 (P = 0.002). The daycare and nursing service, transportation service, and regular lectures on health knowledge were associated with levels of dependency: the OR was 2.41, 1.86 and 1.93 (P < 0.05). In the group with low social support, an emergency call or monitoring system, transportation services, the need for health assessment, and regular lectures on health knowledge were significantly associated with levels of dependency: the OR was 2.42, 2.19, 1.89 and 1.98 (P < 0.05), respectively.

Conclusions
Community environment resources were significantly associated with dependency. These results suggest that the dependent on local environment resources may consider as the resource needs among elderly people.
HIV infection disclosure, treatment self-efficacy and quality of life in HIV-infected MSM receiving antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Jia Wenwen , Jiao Kedi , Ma Jing , Liao Meizhen , Wang Chunmei , Kang Dianmin , Lin Yuxi , Yan Yu , Li Yijun , Cheng Chunxiao , Meng Jing , Wang Lina , Yang Xuan , Cao Yanwen , Zhao Zhonghui , Wang Xinting , Ma Wei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Research on the relationship between disclosure of HIV status to male sexual partners (HIV disclosure) and quality of life (QOL) revealed complex and even contradictory results. The impact of HIV disclosure on various domains of QOL and the mediation effect between them are unclear. The purposes of this study were to explore the impact of HIV disclosure on QOL among men who have sex with men (MSM), and whether HIV treatment self-efficacy mediated these relationships.

Methods
The data came from a baseline survey on the design of a randomized control trial conducted in Shandong, China. A total of 579 MSM patients were included. SPSS 24.0 was used to conduct independent samples t test, one-way analysis of variance and nonparametric tests and the PROCESS macro was used to conduct mediation analysis.

Results
Among 579 participants, 16.06% disclosed their HIV infection status to their male sexual partners. The effect of HIV disclosure on QOL was mediated by treatment self-efficacy. Self-efficacy played partial mediating role in social relationships, meaning that HIV disclosure had both direct and indirect effects on this factor. In the overall QOL and domains of physical, psychological, independence, and environment, HIV disclosure had an indirect effect only through self-efficacy and no significant effect on the spirituality domain.

Conclusions
The results emphasize the importance of HIV disclosure and self-efficacy on the QOL of MSM patients and suggest that health care providers should assist MSM patients in deciding whether to disclose their HIV status during daily medical services.
A rare case of acute liver failure with intrahepatic cholestasis due to dengue hemorrhagic fever: CytoSorb® and plasma exchange aided in the recovery: case report
Authors: Gunasekera Arosha Minori , Eranthaka Udeshan , Priyankara Dilshan , Kalupahana Ranjith 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Dengue haemorrhagic fever is a severe form of acute dengue infection characterized by leakage of plasma through capillaries into body spaces resulting in circulatory insufficiency leading to shock. Despite varying degrees of liver involvement occurring in acute dengue infection, intrahepatic cholestasis is very rare in the literature with only two cases reported so far. We report a challenging case of a middle-aged woman with DHF complicated by acute liver failure, coagulopathy, acute renal failure and prolonged intrahepatic cholestasis. She was successfully managed in the intensive care unit with supportive therapy, Cytosorb® and therapeutic plasma exchange.

Case presentation
A 54-year-old Sri Lankan obese woman with multiple comorbidities presented with fever, headache, vomiting and generalized malaise for 3 days and was diagnosed with dengue haemorrhagic fever. Despite the standard dengue management, she clinically deteriorated due to development of complications such as, acute liver injury, intrahepatic cholestasis and acute renal injury. Acute liver failure was evidenced by transaminitis, lactic acidosis, coagulopathy with pervaginal bleeding and severe encephalopathy necessitating elective intubation and mechanical ventilation. She was immediately transferred to intensive care facilities where she underwent supportive management for liver failure, continuous renal replacement therapy coupled with cytosorb and therapeutic plasma exchange with which she made a remarkable recovery.

Conclusion
Acute liver failure with a prolonged phase of intrahepatic cholestasis is a very rare complication of acute dengue illness which is sparsely documented in medical literature so far. This patient was managed successfully with supportive therapy, aided by cytoSorb hemo-adsorption and therapeutic plasma exchange.
Exploring the acceptability and experience of receiving diabetes and pregnancy care via telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study
Authors: Kozica-Olenski S. L. , Soldatos G. , Marlow L. , Cooray S. D. , Boyle J. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the delivery of diabetes in pregnancy care and general maternity care. This study aimed to explore the experiences and acceptability of telehealth use in diabetes in pregnancy care during the COVID-19 pandemic, from the perspectives of pregnant women and their clinicians. The secondary aim was to explore the experiences of pregnant women receiving general maternity care via telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
In-depth qualitative semi-structured interviews were undertaken and analysed via thematic inductive approaches. The Nonadoption, Abandonment, and Challenges to the Scale-Up, Spread, and Sustainability of Health and Care Technologies Framework (NASSS) was applied.

Results
Eigthteen interviews were conducted with culturally and linguistically diverse pregnant women and 4 clinicians (endocrinologists and dietitians). All interviewees were satisfied with telehealth as a positive alternative to face-to-face consultations for diabetes care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Numerous benefits of delivering diabetes care via telehealth were discussed and themes centred around greater access to care, economic benefits and improved safety. Most barriers concerned the adopters (clinicians), yet, feasible and realistic suggestions to overcome barriers were voiced. The scope for technology adaptation and ongoing embedment into routine diabetes care was described. Overall, a hybrid flexible delivery model, predominantly consisting of telephone consultations, with some face-to-face consultations for initial diabetes appointments was recommended for future care. The use of telehealth in replacement of face-to-face appointments for general maternity care was perceived as reducing care quality.

Conclusion
In this study, telehealth was viewed as acceptable to women and clinicians for diabetes in pregnancy care, supporting the ongoing delivery of a hybrid service model of telehealth and face-to-face care. These findings provide valuable information to improve diabetes in pregnancy services to meet the needs of women during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
Epidemiology and survival outcomes of patients with primary intraocular lymphoma: a population-based analysis
Authors: He Lin-feng , Zhang Jin-di , Chen Xin-xin , Wei Rui-li 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL) is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis, but its optimal therapy remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to analyze the epidemiology and survival outcomes of PIOL patients based on a population-based cancer registry in the United States.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with PIOL between 1992 and 2018 were identified from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results program. The patients were divided into two groups: those aged < 60 years and ≥ 60 years. We used the chi-squared test to analyze the differences between the two groups. Descriptive analyses were performed to analyze epidemiological characteristics and treatment. The likely prognostic factors were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models.

Results
The overall incidence of PIOL was 0.23/1,000,000, which was steadily increasing from 1992 to 2018, with an annual percentage change of 2.35. In total, 326 patients (mean age, 66.1 years) with PIOL were included in this study, 72.1% were aged ≥ 60 years, 84.4% were White, and 60.4% were female. The most common pathological type was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), but in patients aged < 60 years, extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue was the most common. The disease-specific survival rates were 74.2% and 61.5% 5 and 10 years after diagnosis, respectively. Survival analysis found that surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy did not lead to better prognosis.

Conclusions
PIOL is a rare disease with poor prognosis, and its incidence has been increasing for nearly 30 years. It usually affects people aged ≥ 60 years, and DLBCL is the most common pathological type of PIOL. Patients aged < 60 years and with non-DLBCL type have improved survival. Survival of PIOL has improved in recent years.
Association of daytime napping frequency and schizophrenia: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Ma Jun , Jin Chen , Yang Yan , Li Haoqi , Wang Yi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The bidirectional causal association between daytime napping frequency and schizophrenia is unclear.

Methods
A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted with summary statistics of top genetic variants associated with daytime napping frequency and schizophrenia from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) data of daytime napping frequency GWAS came from the UK Biobank (n = 452,633) and 23andMe study cohort (n = 541,333), while the schizophrenia GWAS came from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC, 36,989 cases and 113,075 controls). The inverse variance weighted (IVW) analysis was the primary method, with the weighted median, MR-Robust Adjusted Profile Score (RAPS), Radial MR and MR-Pleiotropy Residual Sum Outlier (PRESSO) as sensitivity analysis.

Results
The MR analysis showed a bidirectional causal relationship between more frequent daytime napping and the occurrence of schizophrenia, with the odds ratio (OR) for one-unit increase in napping category (never, sometimes, usually) on schizophrenia was 3.38 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.02–5.65, P = 3.58 × 10–6), and the beta for the occurrence of schizophrenia on daytime napping frequency was 0.0112 (95%CI: 0.0060–0.0163, P = 2.04 × 10–5). The sensitivity analysis obtained the same conclusions.

Conclusion
Our findings support the bidirectional causal association between more daytime napping frequency and schizophrenia, implying that daytime napping frequency is a potential intervention for the progression and treatment of schizophrenia.
Violations of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes: a multi-country analysis
Authors: Lutter C. K. , Hernández-Cordero S. , Grummer-Strawn L. , Lara-Mejía V. , Lozada-Tequeanes A. L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe marketing of formula milk as a substitute for breast milk continues to be ubiquitous and multifaceted despite passage by the World Health Assembly of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (the Code) in 1981. In this paper, we summarized reports of the Code violations from eight studies using the WHO/UNICEF NetCode protocol. Among 3,124 pregnant women and mothers with young children, in eight countries, 64% reported exposure to promotion of products covered under the Code in the previous 6 months, primarily from advertisements seen outside of health facilities (62%). Nearly 20% of mothers with an infant < 6 months reported that a health care provider had advised them to feed their child food or drink other than breast milk, and 21% of providers reported contact with a representative of a formula company in the previous 6 months to distribute promotional materials, samples, or free supplies (range 2%–53%). Of the 389 retail stores and pharmacies surveyed, promotions were observed in 63% (range 0–100%), and of 1,206 labels and inserts of products reviewed, nearly half included health and/or nutrition claims (range 0–100%). A strong, though non-significant, linear relationship between the composite violations score and quality of Code legislation was found; countries with the lowest percentage of violations had the strongest Code legislation. In Latin America, over 50% of health care providers reported no knowledge of the Code, and 50% reported no knowledge of national legislation. Our study highlights three key facts: 1) the marketing of BMS is ubiquitous and multifaceted, 2) the high variability of promotion across countries generally reflects the comprehensiveness of Code legislation, and 3) health care providers have poor knowledge of the Code and national legislation.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiology fellow echocardiography education at a large academic center
Authors: Varghese Merilyn S. , Strom Jordan B. , Kannam Joseph P. , Fostello Sarah E. , Riley Marilyn F. , Manning Warren J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
In response to COVID-19 pandemic state restrictions, our institution deferred elective procedures from 3/15/2020 to 6/13/2020, and removed cardiology fellows from the echocardiography rotation to staff clinical services. We assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fellow education and echocardiography volumes.

Methods
Our institutional database was used to examine volumes of transthoracic (TTE), stress (SE), and transesophageal echocardiograms (TEE) from 7/1/2018 to 10/10/2020. Study volumes were compared in three intervals: pre-pandemic (7/1/2018- 3/14/2020), pandemic (3/15/2020–6/13/2020), and pandemic recovery (6/14/2020–10/10/2020). We examined weekly number of TTEs performed or interpreted by cardiology fellows during the study period, and compared these to the two previous academic years.

Results
Weekly TTE volume declined by 54% during the pandemic, and increased by 99% during pandemic recovery, (p < 0.05). SE and TEE revealed similar trends. A strong correlation between weekly TTE volume and inpatient admissions was observed during the study period (rs=0.67, p < 0.05). Weekly fellow TTE scans declined by 78% during the pandemic, with a 380% increase during pandemic recovery (p < 0.05). Weekly fellow TTE interpretations declined by 56% during the pandemic, with a 76% increase during pandemic recovery (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
COVID restrictions between 3/15/2020- 6/14/2020 coincided with a marked decline in TTE, SE, and TEE volumes, with an increase similar to near pre-pandemic volumes during the pandemic recovery period. A similar decline with the onset of COVID restrictions, and increase to pre-restriction volumes thereafter was observed with fellow scans and interpretations, but total academic year fellow training volumes remained depressed. With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and rise of multiple variants, training programs may need to adjust fellows’ clinical responsibilities so as to support achievement of echocardiography training certification.