bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitigative effect of caffeine against diclofenac-induced hepato-renal damage and chromosomal aberrations in male albino rats
Authors: Anwar Mai M. , Laila Ibrahim M. Ibrahim 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Among the most commonly consumed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) is Diclofenac (Dic), especially in low-income countries due to its high efficiency and affordable price. However, the continuous administration of Diclofenac may induce toxic effects on various body organs including the liver and kidney. Caffeine (Caf) (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is a pharmacologically active alkaloid type with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.

Aim
The current study aims to evaluate the ameliorative effect of Caffeine against Dic-induced hepato-renal toxicity and damage.

Methods
Twenty-four male albino rats type were assigned randomly into four groups (n = 6): (Group 1): Control group, (Group 2): Six male rats were exposed to Dic 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally (I.P) for 28 days, (Group 3): Six male rats were exposed to Caf (15 mg/kg orally) for 28 days; (Groups 4): Six male rats were exposed to Dic (10 mg/kg, i.p) + Caf (15 mg/kg, orally) for 28 days. Histopathological study and various biological parameters were estimated among the four groups including hemoglobin (Hb%) red blood cells (RBCs), Hematocrit (HT%), total leucocyte count (WBCs), lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, creatinine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO).

Results
The administration of Diclofenac resulted in significant deteriorations in the histopathological findings and estimated biological parameters. Whereas, daily Caffeine administration ameliorated Diclofenac-induced toxicity in the kidney and liver by three mechanisms including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and DNA damage inhibition.

Conclusion
The current study demonstrated the promising ameliorative and protective effects of Caffeine against Diclofenac-induced hepatic and renal injury.
Assent, parental consent and reconsent for health research in Africa: thematic analysis of national guidelines and lessons from the SickleInAfrica registry
Authors: Munung Nchangwi Syntia , Nembaware Victoria , Osei-Tutu Lawrence , Treadwell Marsha , Chide Okocha Emmanuel , Bukini Daima , Tutuba Hilda ,   SickleInAfrica ELSI WG, Nkanyemka Malula , Anie Kofi , Royale Charmaine , Wonkam Ambroise 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe enrolment of children and adolescents in health research requires that attention to be paid to specific assent and consent requirements such as the age range for seeking assent; conditions for parental consent (and waivers); the age group required to provide written assent; content of assent forms; if separate assent and parental consent forms should be used, consent from emancipated young adults; reconsent at the age of adulthood when a waiver of assent requirements may be appropriate and the conditions for waiving assent requirements. There is however very little available information for researchers and ethics committees on how to navigate these different issues. To provide guidance to research initiatives, the SickleInAfrica consortium conducted a thematic analysis of a sample of research ethics guidelines and procedures in African countries, to identify guidance for assent requirements in health research. The thematic analysis revealed that 12 of 24 African countries specified the age group for which assent is required. The minimum age for written assent varied across the countries. Five countries, Algeria, Botswana, Cameroon, Nigeria and The Democratic Republic of Congo require consent from both parents/family council in certain circumstances. Botswana, Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda have specific assent/consent requirements for research with emancipated minors. South Africa and Algeria requires re-consent at onset of adulthood. Five countries (Botswana, Cameroon, Nigeria, South Africa and Tanzania) specified conditions for waiving assent requirements. The CIOMS and the ICH-GCP guidelines had the most comprehensive information on assent requirements compared to other international guidelines. An interactive map with assent requirements for different African countries is provided. The results show a major gap in national regulations for the inclusion of minors in health research. The SickleInAfrica experience in setting up a multi-country SCD registry in Africa highlights the need for developing and harmonising national and international guidelines on assent and consent requirements for research involving minors. Harmonisation of assent requirements will help facilitate collaborative research across countries.
Determine knowledge and belief of Somalian young women about breast cancer and breast self-examination with champion health belief model: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Altunkurek Şeyma Zehra , Hassan Mohamed Samira 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer (BC) is an important reason for mortality rates in Somalian women. In Somalia, many women are late in applying to the hospital for the diagnosis of BC. Breast self-examination (BSE) is considered an important early detection method for BC in encouraging women to learn to practice BSE, especially for women in developing countries. This study purposed to determine knowledge, and belief of BC and BSE and BSE practice among women in Mogadishu, Somalia using the champion health belief model (CHBM).

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 413 women who were between 18 and 49 years of age. The data were collected by using sociodemographic variables (age, marital status, education level, income status), Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS), and an introductory questionnaire with questions about BC and BSE and between October 2020 and January 2021 in Mogadishu, Somalia. Further descriptive statistics, the Mann–Whitney U test, and Kruskal–Wallis analysis test were used to assess data that were not normally distributed.

Results
Average age of participants was 22 ± 11.21 years. Only 35.4% of participants had information about BC, 37.8% had heard about BSE before, 25.2% knew BSE, and only 17.2% had done it. Income status, marital status, and age of first birth family were significantly associated with perceived sensitivity, health motivation, convenience, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy for BSE. Overall, the total scores of CHBMS were significantly higher among those who had heard and knowledge about BSE and practiced clinical breast examination (CBE). For the sub-dimensions of perceived sensitivity, health motivation, perceived benefits, barrier, and self-efficacy BSE with hearing about BSE, practicing BSE, knowing to practice BSE, knowing early detection methods of BC and practice CBE significant differences were observed (P < 0.005).

Conclusion
This study showed that BSE practice among Somalian women was very low, and they don’t have sufficient knowledge about BSE and BC. Furthermore, this study revealed that many CHBMS significantly related to BSE practice in Somalian women, suggesting that BSE health education programs with CHBMS.
Comparative epigenomics reveals the impact of ruminant-specific regulatory elements on complex traits
Authors: Chen Siqian , Liu Shuli , Shi Shaolei , Jiang Yifan , Cao Mingyue , Tang Yongjie , Li Wenlong , Liu Jianfeng , Fang Lingzhao , Yu Ying , Zhang Shengli 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundInsights into the genetic basis of complex traits and disease in both human and livestock species have been achieved over the past decade through detection of genetic variants in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). A majority of such variants were found located in noncoding genomic regions, and though the involvement of numerous regulatory elements (REs) has been predicted across multiple tissues in domesticated animals, their evolutionary conservation and effects on complex traits have not been fully elucidated, particularly in ruminants. Here, we systematically analyzed 137 epigenomic and transcriptomic datasets of six mammals, including cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, mice, and humans, and then integrated them with large-scale GWAS of complex traits.ResultsUsing 40 ChIP-seq datasets of H3K4me3 and H3K27ac, we detected 68,479, 58,562, 63,273, 97,244, 111,881, and 87,049 REs in the liver of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, humans and mice, respectively. We then systematically characterized the dynamic functional landscapes of these REs by integrating multi-omics datasets, including gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and DNA methylation. We identified a core set (n= 6359) of ruminant-specific REs that are involved in liver development, metabolism, and immune processes. Genes with more complex cis-REs exhibited higher gene expression levels and stronger conservation across species. Furthermore, we integrated expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and GWAS from 44 and 52 complex traits/diseases in cattle and humans, respectively. These results demonstrated that REs with different degrees of evolutionary conservation across species exhibited distinct enrichments for GWAS signals of complex traits.ConclusionsWe systematically annotated genome-wide functional REs in liver across six mammals and demonstrated the evolution of REs and their associations with transcriptional output and conservation. Detecting lineage-specific REs allows us to decipher the evolutionary and genetic basis of complex phenotypes in livestock and humans, which may benefit the discovery of potential biomedical models for functional variants and genes of specific human diseases.
The genomic basis of copper tolerance in Drosophila is shaped by a complex interplay of regulatory and environmental factors
Authors: Green Llewellyn , Coronado-Zamora Marta , Radío Santiago , Rech Gabriel E. , Salces-Ortiz Judit , González Josefa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundEscalation in industrialization and anthropogenic activity have resulted in an increase of pollutants released into the environment. Of these pollutants, heavy metals such as copper are particularly concerning due to their bio-accumulative nature. Due to its highly heterogeneous distribution and its dual nature as an essential micronutrient and toxic element, the genetic basis of copper tolerance is likely shaped by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors.ResultsIn this study, we utilized the natural variation present in multiple populations ofDrosophila melanogastercollected across Europe to screen for variation in copper tolerance. We found that latitude and the degree of urbanization at the collection sites, rather than any other combination of environmental factors, were linked to copper tolerance. While previously identified copper-related genes were not differentially expressed in tolerant vs. sensitive strains, genes involved in metabolism, reproduction, and protease induction contributed to the differential stress response. Additionally, the greatest transcriptomic and physiological responses to copper toxicity were seen in the midgut, where we found that preservation of gut acidity is strongly linked to greater tolerance. Finally, we identified transposable element insertions likely to play a role in copper stress response.ConclusionsOverall, by combining genome-wide approaches with environmental association analysis, and functional analysis of candidate genes, our study provides a unique perspective on the genetic and environmental factors that shape copper tolerance in naturalD. melanogasterpopulations and identifies new genes, transposable elements, and physiological traits involved in this complex phenotype.
BI-847325, a selective dual MEK and Aurora kinases inhibitor, reduces aggressive behavior of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma on an in vitro three-dimensional culture
Authors: Samimi Hilda , Tavakoli Rezvan , Fallah Parviz , Naderi Sohi Alireza , Amini Shirkouhi Maryam , Naderi Mahmood , Haghpanah Vahid 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most aggressive subtype of thyroid cancer. In this study, we used a three-dimensional in vitro system to evaluate the effect of a dual MEK/Aurora kinase inhibitor, BI-847325 anticancer drug, on several cellular and molecular processes involved in cancer progression.

Methods
Human ATC cell lines, C643 and SW1736, were grown in alginate hydrogel and treated with IC50 values of BI-847325. The effect of BI-847325 on inhibition of kinases function of MEK1/2 and Aurora kinase B (AURKB) was evaluated via Western blot analysis of phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-Histone H3 levels. Sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) and thyroglobulin (Tg), as two thyroid-specific differentiation markers, were measured by qRT-PCR as well as flow cytometry and immunoradiometric assay. Apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V/PI flow cytometry and BIM, NFκB1, and NFκB2 expressions. Cell cycle distribution and proliferation were determined via P16, AURKA, and AURKB expressions as well as PI and CFSE flow cytometry assays. Multidrug resistance was evaluated by examining the expression of MDR1 and MRP1. Angiogenesis and invasion were investigated by VEGF expression and F-actin labeling with Alexa Fluor 549 Phalloidin.

Results
Western blot results showed that BI-847325 inhibits MEK1/2 and AURKB functions by decreasing phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-Histone H3 levels. BI-847325 induced thyroid differentiation markers and apoptosis in ATC cell lines. Inversely, BI-847325 intervention decreased multidrug resistance, cell cycle progression, proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion at the molecular and/or cellular levels.

Conclusion
The results of the present study suggest that BI-857,325 might be an effective multi-targeted anticancer drug for ATC treatment.
Development and validation of a new nomogram to screen for MAFLD
Authors: Zou Haoxuan , Zhao Fanrong , Lv Xiuhe , Ma Xiaopu , Xie Yan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background and aim
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) poses significant health and economic burdens on all nations. Thus, identifying patients at risk early and managing them appropriately is essential. This study’s goal was to develop a new predictive model for MAFLD. Additionally, to improve the new model’s clinical utility, researchers limited the variables to readily available simple clinical and laboratory measures.

Methods
Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycle 2017–2020.3, the study was a retrospective cross-sectional study involving 7300 participants. By least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, significant indicators independently associated with MAFLD were identified, and a predictive model called the MAFLD prediction nomogram (MPN) was developed. The study then compared the MPN with six existing predictive models for MAFLD. The model was evaluated by measuring the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), net reclassification index (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) curve.

Results
In this study, researchers identified nine predictors from 33 variables, including age, race, arm circumference (AC), waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), alanine aminotransferase (ALT)-to-aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ratio, triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), hypertension, and diabetes. The diagnostic accuracy of the MPN for MAFLD was significantly better than that of the other six existing models in both the training and validation cohorts (AUC 0.868, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.858–0.877, and AUC 0.863, 95% CI 0.848–0.878, respectively). The MPN showed a higher net benefit than the other existing models.

Conclusions
This nonimaging-assisted nomogram based on demographics, laboratory factors, anthropometrics, and comorbidities better predicted MAFLD than the other six existing predictive models. Using this model, the general population with MAFLD can be assessed rapidly.
Genetically predicted testosterone and cancers risk in men: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chang Junke , Wu Yongming , Zhou Sicheng , Tian Ye , Wang Yan , Tian Jie , Song Wenpeng , Dong Yinxian , Li Jue , Zhao Ziyi , Che Guowei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective
In observational studies, testosterone has been reported to be associated with some types of cancers. However, the direction and magnitude of the causal association between testosterone and different types of cancer remain unclear. This Mendelian randomization study assessed the causal associations of total testosterone (TT) and bioavailable testosterone (BT) with cancer risk in men.

Methods
We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization using publicly available GWAS summary statistics to investigate the genetically causal association between testosterone and the risk of 22 kinds of cancers in men. Causal estimates were calculated by the inverse variance weighted method. We also performed additional sensitivity tests to evaluate the validity of the casualty.

Results
Genetically predicted BT level were significantly associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 1.17 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09–1.26, P = 2.51E−05] in the MR analysis with the IVW method. TT was found to be the suggestive protective factor against stomach cancer (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.48–0.93, P = 0.0116) as well as pancreatic cancer (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.36–0.96, P = 0.0346). A suggestive association was found between TT and the occurrence of small intestine cancer (OR = 1.0004, 95% CI: 1.0001–1.0007, P = 0.0116). However, testosterone had no significant association with other cancers.

Conclusion
This study investigated the role of testosterone in the development of prostate cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, and small intestine cancer but found no strong association with the other cancers in men.
Estimation of cotton canopy parameters based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) oblique photography
Authors: Wu Jinyong , Wen Sheng , Lan Yubin , Yin Xuanchun , Zhang Jiantao , Ge Yufeng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The technology of cotton defoliation is essential for mechanical cotton harvesting. Agricultural unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) spraying has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and no mechanical damage to cotton and has been favored and widely used by cotton planters in China. However, there are also some problems of low cotton defoliation rates and high impurity rates caused by unclear spraying amounts of cotton defoliants. The chemical rate recommendation and application should be based upon crop canopy volume rather than on land area. Plant height and leaf area index (LAI) is directly connected to plant canopy structure. Accurate dynamic monitoring of plant height and LAI provides important information for evaluating cotton growth and production. The traditional method to obtain plant height and LAI was s a time-consuming and labor-intensive task. It is very difficult and unrealistic to use the traditional measurement method to make the temporal and spatial variation map of plant height and LAI of large cotton fields. With the application of UAV in agriculture, remote sensing by UAV is currently regarded as an effective technology for monitoring and estimating plant height and LAI.

Results
In this paper, we used UAV RGB photos to build dense point clouds to estimate cotton plant height and LAI following cotton defoliant spraying. The results indicate that the proposed method was able to dynamically monitor the changes in the LAI of cotton at different times. At 3 days after defoliant spraying, the correlation between the plant height estimated based on the constructed dense point cloud and the measured plant height was strong, with $$R^2$$

R
2

and RMSE values of 0.962 and 0.913, respectively. At 10 days after defoliant spraying, the correlation became weaker over time, with $$R^2$$

R
2

and RMSE values of 0.018 and 0.027, respectively. Comparing the actual manually measured LAI with the estimated LAI based on the dense point cloud, the $$R^2$$

R
2

and RMSE were 0.872 and 0.814 and 0.132 and 0.173 at 3 and 10 days after defoliant spraying, respectively.

Conclusions
Dense point cloud construction based on UAV remote sensing is a potential alternative to plant height and LAI estimation. The accuracy of LAI estimation can be improved by considering both plant height and planting density.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Triplanar osteotomy combined with proximal tibial transverse transport to accelerate healing of recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Xu Jia , Li Shanyu , Sun Yunchu , Bao Bingbo , Zhu Tianhao , Kang Qinglin , Zheng Xianyou , Wen Gen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Management of recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers remains challenging. Tibial transverse transport (TTT) is an effective method for enhancing the healing of foot ulcers. This retrospective study reports a novel triplanar osteotomy in the tibia and assesses the clinical outcomes of TTT for diabetic foot ulcers.

Methods
Fifty-nine patients with recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers were divided into the TTT (32 patients) and control (27 patients) groups. In the TTT group, the patients underwent triplanar osteotomy of the proximal tibia, followed by 2 weeks of medial distraction and 2 weeks of lateral distraction. In the control group, the patients received conventional management, including debridement, revascularization, and reconstruction. Ulcer healing and healing time, amputation, recurrence, and complications were assessed at an 18-month follow-up visit. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) was used to evaluate vessel changes in the lower limbs of patients in the TTT group.

Results
The TTT group was superior to the control group in the healing rate (90.6% [29/32] vs. 66.7% [18/27]) and the healing time (4.6 ± 1.7 months vs. 7.4 ± 2.5 months), respectively. The proportions of amputation and recurrence in the TTT group were lower than that in the control group, without statistical difference. After triplanar osteotomy and transverse distraction, CTA demonstrated an increase in small vessels in the wound and ipsilateral limb. All patients achieved satisfactory union of the osteotomized bone fragment after removal of the external fixator.

Conclusions
Triplanar osteotomy combined with proximal tibial transverse distraction accelerates wound healing and limb salvage caused by severe and recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers. Triplanar osteotomy not only increases the bone contact area, which is beneficial for rapid bone reconstruction, but also preserves the vascularization of the bone fragment and substantially facilitates capillary angiogenesis during distraction. These results suggest that triplanar osteotomy followed by tibial transverse distraction is an effective method for treating diabetic foot ulcers.