bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
M-Theory and F-Theory over Theoretical Analysis on Cosmic Strings and Calabi-Yau Manifolds Subject to Conifold Singularity with Randall-Sundrum Model
Authors: Bhattacharjee Deep 
Published: July 2022

String theory always comes with heavy mathematical rigor as it questions the most significant and impossible attempt to make a scale-invariant phenomenology between general relativity and quantum theory. Thus, steps have been taken to simplify the theory a bit thereby making it accessible to general yet enthusiastic readers of physics. However, as there is numerous mathematics involved in the modeling of this theory, thus, any chance to make a purely non-mathematical approach towards strings would prove vacuous and intimidating making the pathway of this marvelous theory chocked with unnecessary assumptions resulting in false analogies (or hopes) relating to this theory. Thus, where it’s almost impossible to proceed without any equations, we have given a few just to wipe out some logical confusion arising to the first readers of strings. Few necessary diagrams are included along with intense theory and least mathematics for making this significant approach of theoretical physicists accessible to general learners or readers.
Topics: Bosonic string theory, supersymmetric string theory, M – theory, F – theory, dualities and interconnectedness, viability, Randall – Sundrum model for tackling the hierarchy problem of particle physics, conifold singularities, Branes, Bulks, Extremal black holes, Ekpyrotic cosmology, topological aspects of Calabi – Yau (CY) manifolds, A and B models, Mirror Symmetries; AdS/CFT, cosmic strings, all in a way accessible to every reader.
Methods: Theoretical analogies, deductions, principles behind the origin, development along with the probable conclusion of this theory, the roots of its origin, the necessary difficulty for detecting those strings, and approaches done by theorists to work out the pathway of achieving Einstein’s dream of unification irrespective of several hindrances.
Results: String theory itself is not a complete theory. Rather it’s in the process of further development through the increment of time resulting in more applications of mathematics by developing or incorporating them in due needs. Thus, without stating any concrete results, the theory has been tackled in this paper with a viable hypothesis based on the current understanding, and previous attempts are stated to have been made for its success.
Workplace Bullying against Certified Registered Anaesthetists in the Tamale Metropolis in the Northern Region of Ghana
Authors: Ati Owen Akowan Jnr , Abubakari Abdulai 
Published: July 2022

Background: Workplace bullying is a major occupational hazard globally with negative consequences on employee health and organizational performance. Workplace bullying has significant implications for quality care delivery and care outcomes.
Aim: We sought to investigate the nature and occurrence of workplace bullying and its effects on the health and job performance of Certified Registered Anaesthetists (CRAs) in the Tamale Metropolitan area of the Northern Region of Ghana. The characteristics of workplace bullying against CRAs included assigning unpleasant and menial tasks, spontaneous anger, hostilities, intimidation, unmanageable workload and threats of physical violence or actual abuse.
Methodology: The study was conducted at Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH), the largest referral hospital in northern Ghana. Data was collected from Certified Registered Anaesthetists, doctors, nurses, and hospital administrators, using interviews, questionnaires, and observations.
Results: Prevalence of workplace bullying was 56.5% by quantitative inventory and 74.2% by subjective inventory. Also 40.3% of participants had witnessed bullying against a CRA often and 75.3% had suffered physical and psychological effects from bullying, 16.1% were off-duty between 1-20 days within the last 6 months as a result of bullying.
Conclusion: The study concluded there is a high prevalence of workplace bullying against CRAs in the Tamale Metropolis with psychological and physical consequences on the victims that could affect quality patient care, care outcomes and loss of man-hours at work. It is recommended that workplace policy and worker education be undertaken by the metropolitan health directorate to urgently address the issue of workplace bullying.
Frequency of Symptoms of COVID-19 Disease among the People of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Tanvir , Khaleduzzaman H. M. , Ferdos Jannatul 
Published: July 2022

Aims: To find out the differences of symptoms of COVID-19 diseases among vaccinated and unvaccinated individual.
Study Design: This was a cross section type observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Out door of cost guard Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh from July 2021 to January 2022.
Methodology: Here all persons who were found positive RT-PCR for COVID-19 from July 2021 to January 2022 were included in this study. This study was carried out among people who were serving under Cost guard Bangladesh. Here we had included all persons who became infected with COVID-19 irrespective of sex, ethnicity and vaccination status against COVID-19. Sampling was done by purposive random sampling method. Sample size was 104. Data analysis was done by using SPSS-26.
Results: In this study most of the participants (72.2%) were among 20-39 years age group and 97% were male. There was no specific symptom of COVID-19 rather its presentation mimics many other diseases. Fever (90.4%) and cough (85.6%) were found most common presentation. Other symptoms were sore throat (65.4%), loss of taste sensation (64.4%), headache (54.8%), loss of smell (40.4%), fatigue (36.5%) and loose motion (09.6%). In this study most of the participants (89%) were not vaccinated against COVID-19 before they have been infected with SARS COV-2. In this study we found that most prominent symptoms were fever and cough, of them 13% were vaccinated whereas 87% participants were not vaccinated against COVID-19 infection.
Conclusion: COVID-19 disease affects many part of the body and it’s presentation varies depending its effects on organs. Vaccine is an important invention to combat against COVID-19 though it cannot prevent a person from being infected. Vaccination cannot immune a person from being infected but it significantly reduced symptoms of infection. So vaccinations have beneficial effects.
Antimicrobial Resistance: Unexplained Failure to Antibiotic Therapy in a Case at Maluti Adventist Hospital Berea Lesotho
Authors: Nyenye Lineo , Nwako Azubuike Benjamin 
Published: July 2022

Aim: The aim of the present study was to highlight the presence and problem of antimicrobial resistance in our setting.
Case Presentation: We present a 17-year old female with yellow offensive vaginal discharge, itchiness and lower abdominal pain of about two-weeks duration. She was treated with antibiotics based on laboratory results of urine and high vaginal swabs. However, the symptoms persisted despite the treatment and high adherence to the medications.
Discussion: Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) presents a painful risk to human health and life around the globe. The efficacy and effectiveness of antimicrobial agents are now under massive threat from increasing resistance of disease pathogens to antimicrobial agents. The unexplained failure of antibiotic therapy occurred despite the prescription being based on sensitivity results from swab culture on two separate occasions.
Conclusion: There is need for high index of suspicion of antimicrobial resistance by health workers. There is also need for rational prescription, dispensing and use of antimicrobial agents. Patients need increased access to high quality antimicrobial medicines and more awareness of the development, spread and prevention of antimicrobial resistance.
Modelling habitat suitability for a potential flagship species, the hooded capuchin, of the Paraguayan Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest
Authors: Smith Rebecca L. , Lusseau David 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

The hooded capuchin (Sapajus cay) is an adaptable, generalist primate species found throughout eastern Paraguay with preferences for the Paraguayan Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest (BAAPA). BAAPA is one of the world's most critically endangered terrestrial habitats with more than 90% of its original cover lost to industrial agriculture. Given its charismatic characteristics, the capuchin species is a candidate flagship species for this ecoregion; however, its habitat preferences in BAAPA degraded fragments are unknown.

We develop a species distribution model using MAXENT to determine the remotely sensed microhabitat features associated with habitat suitability in forests that had experienced different levels of degradation. The model was fitted to presence‐only observations at two sites, Rancho Laguna Blanca and Nueva Gambach, to determine how hooded capuchin distribution is associated with remotely sensed habitat features in BAAPA fragments.

Wetness (mean and standard deviation), a measure of soil moisture and canopy closure, was found to be the most important driver at both sites. The capuchins showed a preference for more mature forest, bamboo dominated forest and flooded forest (that has experienced little selective logging in the past).

The capuchin was a forest obligate species and avoided crop fields. The monkeys were less likely to be found in degraded areas, even though they were still forested. As Paraguayan deforestation involves the creation of large crop fields separating BAAPA fragments, the probability that the hooded capuchin can move between those fragments is low.

The hooded capuchin is a candidate flagship species for an agroforestry reforestation programme to reconnect BAAPA fragments. We propose that combining native tree corridors with shade grown yerba mate and slash pine plantations would create habitat for the capuchin and other wildlife while helping to alleviate poverty in the area and the pressure that this causes on the forests’ natural resources.
NIR‐II Photo‐Amplified Sonodynamic Therapy Using Sodium Molybdenum Bronze Nanoplatform against Subcutaneous Staphylococcus Aureus Infection
Authors: He Xiaojun , Hou Ji‐Ting , Sun Xiaoshuai , Jangili Paramesh , An Jusung , Qian Yuna , Kim Jong Seung , Shen Jianliang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUltrasound (US)‐mediated sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has the advantages of non‐invasiveness and deep tissue penetration. Nanosystems are prominently used in sonosensitization; however, most nano‐sonosensitizers have a low reactive oxygen species (ROS) yield, thus restraining the application of SDT. Sodium molybdenum bronze nanoparticles (SMB NPs) with rich oxygen vacancies are developed and interlayer gaps of molybdenum trioxide nanobelts are expanded. Owing to the increased oxygen vacancy density and wide interlayer gap‐induced narrower band gap of SMB NPs, the electrons (e–) and holes (h+) generated by US are separated more rapidly, and oxygen vacancies prevent electrons–holes recombination under US irradiation. SMB NPs exhibit a second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) photothermal effect to promote the generation of ROS by the sonosensitizer. The SMB NPs system is successfully realized to eliminate Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and dissipate biofilm. Therefore, multimodal therapy using SMB NPs serves as an effective and promising regimen for deep‐seated bacterial infections. The newly developed Mo‐based sonosensitizer is presented for the first time to demonstrate excellent antimicrobial activity through hyperthermia‐promoting SDT therapeutics. This work proposes a novel strategy in the field of NIR‐II photo‐amplified SDT with Mo‐based materials for bacterial eradication and other important biomedical applications.
Fabrication and Surface Modification of Niobium Metal–Organic Framework Membrane and its Gas Sensing Application
Authors: Nizamidin Patima , Yang Qin , Guo Caiping , Wufuer Anaerguli , Yimit Abliz , Muhammad Turghun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe niobium metal–organic framework (Nb‐MOF = [Nb2(bdc)2(NDI)]n) membrane, constructed from terephthalic acid(bdc) and 1,8,4,5‐naphthalenetetracarboxdiimide (NDI), is in this work grown on the surface of lithium niobate (LiNbO3) film composite optical waveguide (COWG) substrate using UV‐light illumination method. After growing for 20 min, the Nb‐MOF membrane forms as a graphene‐like structure with 50 nm pore size and 96 nm thickness. At room temperature (25 °C), in terms of COWG sensors, Nb‐MOF exhibits the greatest response to H2S and SO2, followed by ethylenediamine (EDA) and NO2, coexistence with 15 kinds of benzenes, amines, and acidic gases. In order to improve its response selectivity, the spirooxazine (SP) is embedded into the Nb‐MOF frame, and a SP@Nb‐MOF membrane COWG with smooth‐snowflake imprinted surface is obtained. In gas sensing performance, the obtained COWG shows the greatest response to H2S, while the response of SO2, NO2, and other gases are obviously diminished. When the SP@Nb‐MOF membrane exposes to H2S gas, proton‐transfer and morphology modulation are induced. The presented sensor also shows a wide detection range (1 × 104–0.1 ppb), fast response (4 s), and long‐term stability of 120 d to H2S at room temperature (25 °C) and 25% relative humidity.
Substrate Modification for High‐Performance Thermoelectric Materials and Generators Based on Polymer and Carbon Nanotube Composite
Authors: Huang Hongfeng , Chen Zhanhua , Chen Xiaomin , Jin Jiaoying , Huang Si , Wang Dagang , Wang Lei , Liu Danqing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPolymer and carbon nanotube composites have aroused extensive attention for thermoelectric materials owing to the combination of low thermal conductivity of polymer and high electrical conductivity of carbon nanotubes. Surface properties of the substrate are of great importance for the charge transport behaviors of semiconducting thin films, which are less explored in thermoelectric applications. Herein, self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are used to modify the substrate for thermoelectric polymer composites. The trifluoromethyl (CF3)‐terminated SAM is beneficial for an improved electrical conductivity; while the SAM with amino group is found to improve their Seebeck coefficient and decrease the electrical conductivity. As a result, polymer composites on CF3‐SAM‐modified substrate show a high room‐temperature power factor of 285 µW m−1 K−2 and a large output power of 2.36 µW for thermoelectric generator at a temperature gradient of 50 K. This work demonstrates that surface modification by SAMs is a promising strategy for improving performance of thermoelectric materials and devices.
The E3 Ligase TRIM4 Facilitates SET Ubiquitin‐Mediated Degradation to Enhance ER‐α Action in Breast Cancer
Authors: Han Dianwen , Wang Lijuan , Long Li , Su Peng , Luo Dan , Zhang Hanwen , Li Zheng , Chen Bing , Zhao Wenjing , Zhang Ning , Wang Xiaolong , Liang Yiran , Li Yaming , Hu Guohong , Yang Qifeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEstrogen receptor alpha (ER‐α) action is critical for hormone‐dependent breast cancer, and ER‐α dysregulation can lead to the emergence of resistance to endocrine therapy. Here, it is found that TRIM4 is downregulated in tamoxifen (TAM)‐resistant breast cancer cells, while the loss of TRIM4 is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirm that TRIM4 increased ER‐α expression and the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to TAM. Mechanistically, TRIM4 is found to target SET, and TRIM4‐SET interactions are mediated by the RING and B‐box domains of TRIM4 and the carboxyl terminus of SET. Moreover, it is determined that TRIM4 catalyzed the K48‐linked polyubiquitination of SET (K150 and K172), promoting its proteasomal degradation and disassociation from p53 and PP2A. Once released, p53 and PP2A are able to further promote ESR1 gene transcription and enhance mRNA stability. Moreover, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses confirm that TRIM4 expression is an independent predictor of overall survival and recurrence‐free survival outcomes in patients with ER‐α positive breast cancer. Taken together, the data highlights a previously undiscovered mechanism and suggest that TRIM4 is a valuable biomarker that can be analyzed to predict response to endocrine therapy in breast cancer patients.
Inverter and Ternary Content‐Addressable Memory Based on Carbon Nanotube Transistors Using Chemical Doping Strategy
Authors: He Nian , Yuan Qi , Wang Yufei , Sun Yanmei , Wen Dianzhong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted much attention in transistors because of their unique structure and electrical properties. However, the implementation of transistor polarity control and complementary logic functions remains a key challenge. In this work, the polarity of carbon nanotube transistors using chemical doping strategy is modulated. By triethyl oxonium hexachloro antimonate doping and polyethylene imine doping with chemically modified, p‐type CNTs and n‐type CNTs as the transistor channel of the bottom gate structure field effect transistors are prepared. An inverter is constructed by connecting p‐type transistor and n‐type transistor in series. The inverter has a voltage hysteresis window and gain over 20.5. A Schmitt trigger with operating frequency over 2 MHz is built based on high‐low conversion of inverter output voltage during dual‐scan has different threshold voltage characteristics. Two inverters are used to construct a ternary content‐addressable memory cell with four transistors, which has an on/off ratio up to 104, a data retention characteristic of 104 s, and a good stability of more than 1000 cycles, indicating the great potential of practical application in future computing‐in memory.
Emerging Organic Surface Chemistry for Si Anodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Advances, Prospects, and Beyond
Authors: Chen Zidong , Soltani Askar , Chen Yungui , Zhang Qiaobao , Davoodi Ali , Hosseinpour Saman , Peukert Wolfgang , Liu Wei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDue to its uniquely high specific capacity and natural abundance, silicon (Si) anode for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) has reaped intensive research from both academic and industrial sectors. This review discusses the ongoing efforts in tailoring Si particle surfaces to minimize the cycle‐induced changes to the integral structure of particles or electrodes. As an upgrade or alternative to conventional coatings (e.g., carbons), the emerging organic moieties on Si offer new avenues toward tuning the interactions with various battery components that are key to electrochemical performances. The recent progress on understanding Si surfaces is reviewed with an emphasis on newly emerged diagnostic tools, which increasingly points to the critical role of organic components in stabilizing Si. The detailed analysis on the chemistry–structure–performance relationships in Si surface are discussed and the successful cases demonstrating the functions of the organic layers are provided, that is, via tailored interactions toward electrolyte or binder or conductive agents, are recapped. Various synthetic strategies for designing the surface organic layers are discussed and compared, highlighting the versatility and tunability of surface organic chemistry. The holistic considerations and promising research directions are summarized, shedding light on in‐depth understanding and engineering Si surface chemistry toward practical LIBs application.
Anatomy applied to image diagnosis of the hind limb in the black‐striped capuchin (Sapajus libidinosus Spix, 1823)
Authors: de La Salles Ana Y. F. , de Andrade Jéssica K. , de Souza Joyce G. , Freitas Kelvis de B. , Carreiro Artur da N. , Veloso Edson V. L. , Rocha Ediane F. , Klem Marcius A. P. , Mendonça Fábio T. M. , de Menezes Danilo J. A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe knowledge of anatomy and imaging exams emerges as an important tool in the study of evolutionary processes of a species, in the elaboration of diagnosis, and the successful choice of the appropriate clinical and surgical procedures. Therefore, this study aims to describe the osteology of the hind limb of Sapajus libidinosus by means of gross, radiographic, and tomographic images. Four cadavers were used in the macroscopic analysis and five animals for the imaging exams, of which four were eventually euthanized and added to the macroscopic study. For imaging exams, they were kept anesthetized. All bones of the hind limb were documented, their structures were described, and compared with data in the literature from human and nonhuman primates. We have performed Student's t test for independent samples. There was no statistical difference between the sexes regarding the length of the hind limb bones. The coxal bone was largely well described using imaging methods. A small penile bone was present at the tip of the penis and it could be identified by all analysis methods. The femur, as well as the tibia and fibula, were not well portrayed in their proximal and distal epiphyses by radiography (Rx). However, they were well identified on tomography. No third trochanter was observed in the femur and the patella had a triangular shape. All the structures described by gross anatomy of the tarsus and metatarsus could be identified by Rx and tomography. More subtle structures, such as the popliteal notch on the tibia, and the gluteal tuberosity pectineal line and facies aspera on the coxal bone, were not identified by medical imaging. S. libidinosus presented anatomical characteristics that were similar to those of larger New World and Old World monkeys, including man. This suggests it's value as an experimental model for studies in recent primates.
Hydrogen Spillover and Its Relation to Hydrogenation: Observations on Structurally Defined Single‐Atom Sites**
Authors: Hülsey Max J. , Fung Victor , Hou Xudong , Wu Jishan , Yan Ning 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHydrogen spillover, involving the transfer of H atoms from metal sites onto the catalyst support, is ubiquitous in chemical processes such as catalytic hydrogenation and hydrogen storage. Atomic level information concerning the kinetics of this process, the structural evolution of catalysts during hydrogen spillover, as well as the nature of participation of the spilled over H in catalysis, remain vastly lacking. Here, we provide insights to those questions with a solubilized polyoxometalate‐supported single‐atom catalyst which allows for the use of characterization techniques generally inaccessible to the study of heterogeneous catalysts. Hydrogenation kinetics together with poisoning studies further reveal that hydrogen spillover can be either detrimental or beneficial for catalysis, the direction and magnitude of which depends mostly on the nature of the reducible functional group. Similar trends were observed on one of the most prototypical hydrogen spillover catalysts—Pt/WO3.
Temperature Dependent Properties of the Aqueous Electron**
Authors: Lan Jinggang , Rybkin Vladimir V. , Pasquarello Alfredo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe temperature‐dependent properties of the aqueous electron have been extensively studied using mixed quantum‐classical simulations in a wide range of thermodynamic conditions based on one‐electron pseudopotentials. While the cavity model appears to explain most of the physical properties of the aqueous electron, only a non‐cavity model has so far been successful in accounting for the temperature dependence of the absorption spectrum. Here, we present an accurate and efficient description of the aqueous electron under various thermodynamic conditions by combining hybrid functional‐based molecular dynamics, machine learning techniques, and multiple time‐step methods. Our advanced simulations accurately describe the temperature dependence of the absorption maximum in the presence of cavity formation. Specifically, our work reveals that the red shift of the absorption maximum results from an increasing gyration radius with temperature, rather than from global density variations as previously suggested.