bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ differences in nitrogen cycling related to presence of submerged aquatic vegetation in a Gulf of Mexico estuary
Authors: Fulford R. S. , Houghton K. , James J. , Russell M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEstuaries provide a suite of ecosystem services to people but are also under heavy stress from human development including excess nutrient loading and alterations in benthic habitat that affect nutrient cycling. Here we examine the interaction of two important and common ecosystem management priorities in estuaries: limiting eutrophication and restoration of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). Rates of benthic nitrogen processing can vary by habitat type and there is need for more complete data on the contribution of SAV to overall nitrogen cycling in estuaries, as well as a need to examine nitrogen cycling in situ to better characterize the role of SAV areal coverage in mediating estuarine eutrophication. We compare nitrogen cycling between two common and adjacent habitat types (SAV and adjacent bare sediment [BS]) in an index coastal estuary using an in situ chamber‐based approach to better capture realized habitat differences. We also examined genomic community structure of sediment bacteria and archaea to identify biological indicators of nitrogen exchange. Both mean sediment–water exchange of dissolved N2 and microbial functional community structure differed between SAV and BS. Habitat differences were more consistent with lower variability at locations with low salinity and when sediment organic content was highest, which aligns with findings in other studies. Habitat types differed significantly in microbial composition, including functional groups and genes, like nifH, that may contribute to observed differences in nitrogen cycling. Overall, habitat type appeared most important to nitrogen cycling near the river mouth where sediment nitrogen was higher, and this information has implications for integrated management of habitat restoration/conservation and nutrient loading.
Behavioral cues enable native fishes to exit a California floodplain while leaving non‐native fishes behind
Authors: Ogaz Mollie H. , Rypel Andrew L. , Lusardi Robert A. , Moyle Peter B. , Jeffres Carson A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFloodplains are highly productive environments that provide critical rearing habitat and increased growth for diverse native fishes, including juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Yet, stranding during the flood recession is a potential negative outcome in restored ecosystems where environmental cues are not always present as they were under historical conditions. Outmigration cues of native and non‐native fishes from a restored floodplain were evaluated along the Cosumnes River, CA, USA. This river is the only remaining major unregulated river in the Sierra Nevada that flows into the Central Valley. It remains unclear how native and non‐native fishes utilize spatiotemporally heterogeneous habitats in the Cosumnes River; however, a better understanding of these dynamics could yield insight into how degraded river ecosystems in the region could be rehabilitated to benefit native fishes. In 2018 and 2019, daily fyke net surveys of fish assemblages were conducted within the floodplain and in outmigration corridors, along with the collection of environmental data to identify possible cues. Bayesian modeling showed that temperature increases, along with the rate of floodplain drawdown and the average flow over a rolling seven‐day period, were important triggers for cuing native fishes to exit the floodplain. We conclude that the numerous benefits to the aquatic food web and growth of native fishes justify the risk of stranding that floodplain restoration poses, particularly when supplemented with outmigration cues.
Identifying individual and spatial drivers of heterogeneous transmission and virulence of malaria in Caribbean anoles
Authors: Toohey John M. , Otero Luisa , Flores Siaca Ian G. , Acevedo Miguel A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHeterogeneous distributions are a fundamental principle of ecology, manifesting as natural variability within ecological levels of organization from individuals to ecosystems. In disease ecology, variability in biotic and abiotic factors can result in heterogeneous patterns of transmission and virulence—broadly defined here as the negative consequences of infection. Still, our classic theoretical understanding of disease dynamics comes from models that assume homogeneous transmission and virulence. Here, we test this assumption by assessing the contribution of various sources of individual and spatial heterogeneity to patterns of transmission and sublethal measurements of virulence in two lizard–malaria systems: a three‐parasite assemblage (Plasmodium floridense,Plasmodium leukocytica, andPlasmodium azurophilum) infecting the lizardAnolis gundlachiin the rainforest of Puerto Rico and a single‐parasite system (P. floridense–Anolis sagrei) in Florida. Using a Bayesian model selection framework, we evaluated whether individual host differences (i.e., body size and sex) or spatial variability (i.e., habitat type and local‐scale host spatial structure) drive heterogeneity in the probability of infection or its associated health costs (i.e., body condition, blood chemistry). We found that the probability of infection increases with increasing lizard body size in both systems. However, in Florida, we found the relationship to be subdued in deforested habitats compared to the adjacent urban hydric forests. Furthermore, infection was spatially clustered within sampling sites, with “hot” and “cold” spots across the landscape. Nevertheless, we found no clear evidence of costs of infection on lizard health in any of the measures assessed and hence no grounds for inference regarding heterogeneous virulence. Ultimately, the consistency of our results across systems suggests prominent roles of individual and spatial heterogeneities as driving factors of transmission of vector‐borne diseases.
β‐diversity in temperate grasslands is driven by stronger environmental filtering of plant species with large genomes
Authors: Zhang Hai‐Yang , Lü Xiao‐Tao , Wei Cun‐Zheng , Powell Jeff R. , Wang Xiao‐Bo , Xing Ding‐Liang , Xu Zhu‐Wen , Li Huan‐Long , Han Xing‐Guo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractElucidating mechanisms underlying community assembly and biodiversity patterns is central to ecology and evolution. Genome size (GS) has long been hypothesized to potentially affect species' capacity to tolerate environmental stress and might therefore help drive community assembly. However, its role in driving β‐diversity (i.e., spatial variability in species composition) remains unclear. We measured GS for 161 plant species and community composition across 52 sites spanning a 3200‐km transect in the temperate grasslands of China. By correlating the turnover of species composition with environmental dissimilarity, we found that resource filtering (i.e., environmental dissimilarity that includes precipitation, and soil nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations) affected β‐diversity patterns of large‐GS species more than small‐GS species. By contrast, geographical distance explained more variation of β‐diversity for small‐GS than for large‐GS species. In a 10‐year experiment manipulating levels of water, nitrogen, and phosphorus, adding resources increased plant biomass in species with large GS, suggesting that large‐GS species are more sensitive to the changes in resource availability. These findings highlight the role of GS in driving community assembly and predicting species responses to global change.
A Biomass‐Ligand‐Based Ru(III) Complex as a Catalyst for Cycloaddition of CO2 and Epoxides to Cyclic Carbonates and a Study of the Mechanism
Authors: Mao Haifang , Guo Manli , Fu Hongqing , Yin Kun , Jin Miaomiao , Wang Chaoyang , Zhao Yun , Dong Zhenbiao , Liu Jibo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAiming highly efficient conversion of greenhouse gas CO2 to cyclic carbonates, a biomass Ru(III) Schiff base complex catalyst (SalRu) was constructed by employing a derivative of Lignin degradation (5‐aldehyde vanillin). The SalRu catalyst had a remarkable conversion for epoxides into corresponding cyclic carbonates even at atmospheric pressure of CO2 without the presence of co‐catalyst. As the condition at 120 °C and 2 MPa CO2 the conversion reached to 94 % with selectivity at 99 % after 8 h. 32 % cyclic carbonate production was obtained even under 0.2 MPa CO2 pressure. The epoxide activation and ring opening, CO2 insertion and cyclic carbonate formation were illuminated explicitly through the of characteristic absorption peaks changing, which further providing direct and visual evidence for the mechanism proposing. This study has important theoretical significance for the comprehensive utilization of environmental pollutants and energy.
Methods for large‐scale single mediator hypothesis testing: Possible choices and comparisons
Authors: Du Jiacong , Zhou Xiang , Clark‐Boucher Dylan , Hao Wei , Liu Yongmei , Smith Jennifer A. , Mukherjee Bhramar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMediation hypothesis testing for a large number of mediators is challenging due to the composite structure of the null hypothesis, (: effect of the exposure on the mediator after adjusting for confounders; : effect of the mediator on the outcome after adjusting for exposure and confounders). In this paper, we reviewed three classes of methods for large‐scale one at a time mediation hypothesis testing. These methods are commonly used for continuous outcomes and continuous mediators assuming there is no exposure‐mediator interaction so that the product has a causal interpretation as the indirect effect. The first class of methods ignores the impact of different structures under the composite null hypothesis, namely, (1) ; (2) ; and (3) . The second class of methods weights the reference distribution under each case of the null to form a mixture reference distribution. The third class constructs a composite test statistic using the three p values obtained under each case of the null so that the reference distribution of the composite statistic is approximately . In addition to these existing methods, we developed the Sobel‐comp method belonging to the second class, which uses a corrected mixture reference distribution for Sobel's test statistic. We performed extensive simulation studies to compare all six methods belonging to these three classes in terms of the false positive rates (FPRs) under the null hypothesis and the true positive rates under the alternative hypothesis. We found that the second class of methods which uses a mixture reference distribution could best maintain the FPRs at the nominal level under the null hypothesis and had the greatest true positive rates under the alternative hypothesis. We applied all methods to study the mediation mechanism of DNA methylation sites in the pathway from adult socioeconomic status to glycated hemoglobin level using data from the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). We provide guidelines for choosing the optimal mediation hypothesis testing method in practice and develop an R package medScan available on the CRAN for implementing all the six methods.
Early fate bias in neuroepithelial progenitors of hippocampal neurogenesis
Authors: von Berlin Leonie , Westholm Jakub Orzechowski , Ratz Michael , Frisén Jonas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHippocampal adult neural stem cells emerge from progeny of the neuroepithelial lineage during murine brain development. Hippocampus development is increasingly well understood. However, the clonal relationships between early neuroepithelial stem cells and postnatal neurogenic cells remain unclear, especially at the single‐cell level. Here we report fate bias and gene expression programs in thousands of clonally related cells in the juvenile hippocampus based on single‐cell RNA‐seq of barcoded clones. We find evidence for early fate restriction of neuroepithelial stem cells to either neurogenic progenitor cells of the dentate gyrus region or oligodendrogenic, non‐neurogenic fate supplying cells for other hippocampal regions including gray matter areas and the Cornu ammonis region 1/3. Our study provides new insights into the phenomenon of early fate restriction guiding the development of postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis.
The indirect solar dryers with innovative solar air heaters designs: A review article
Authors: Jobair Hussein K. , Nima Mohammed A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe drying process is considered an effective technique for preserving foods and agricultural products from spoilage. Moreover, the drying process lessens the products' weight, volume, and packaging, which prompts a reduction in the products' transportation costs. The drying technique with solar energy represents an ancient method, still alluring due to solar energy abundance and cost‐effectiveness. In this article, the previous manuscripts concerned with studying and analyzing indirect solar dryer systems that utilize innovative solar air heaters (SAHs) are reviewed. The results and conclusions are discussed intensively to clarify the significance of utilizing this type of drying technique. The effect of many parameters on the thermal performance and efficiency of the dryer systems has been investigated. The investigated parameters included the incident solar radiation, air flow rates, outlet solar air heater temperature, absorber plate material, moisture content of the agricultural products, and the shape and configuration of the SAH. Moreover, the manuscript outlines the drying rate mathematical models that were used to validate the experimental findings. Based on the review, it is found that solar dryer systems with modified SAHs designs rather than flat plate SAH have considerable effects on enhancing thermal performance and efficiency.
Thermal conductivity and conductance of protein in aqueous solution: Effects of geometrical shape
Authors: Kurisaki Ikuo , Tanaka Seiya , Mori Ichiro , Umegaki Toshihito , Mori Yoshiharu , Tanaka Shigenori 
Published: December 2022

AbstractConsidering the importance of elucidating the heat transfer in living cells, we evaluated the thermal conductivity κ and conductance G of hydrated protein through all‐atom non‐equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation. Extending the computational scheme developed in earlier studies for spherical protein to cylindrical one under the periodic boundary condition, we enabled the theoretical analysis of anisotropic thermal conduction and also discussed the effects of protein size correction on the calculated results. While the present results for myoglobin and green fluorescent protein (GFP) by the spherical model were in fair agreement with previous computational and experimental results, we found that the evaluations for κ and G by the cylindrical model, in particular, those for the longitudinal direction of GFP, were enhanced substantially, but still keeping a consistency with experimental data. We also studied the influence by salt addition of physiological concentration, finding insignificant alteration of thermal conduction of protein in the present case.
Echocardiographic features and outcome of restrictive foramen ovale in fetuses with and without cardiac malformations: Literature review
Authors: Vena Flaminia , Bartolone Martina , D'Alberti Elena , Vasta Adele , Mazza Alessandra , D'Ambrosio Valentina , Di Mascio Daniele , Sulce Blerta , Pajno Cristina , Brunelli Roberto , Pizzuti Antonio , Giancotti Antonella 
Published: December 2022

AbstractForamen ovale is a small communication between the left and the right atrium and its restriction is a rare congenital heart anomaly. There is no consensus on diagnosis and management of fetal restrictive foramen ovale (RFO). In our paper we included 11 studies about fetuses affected by isolated RFO, RFO with D‐Transposition of the Great Arteries (dTGA) and RFO with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). While fetuses affected from HLHS and dTGA with RFO have a poor prognosis, premature RFO in an otherwise structurally normal heart, if found in later gestation, have an overall good outcome.
Biosynthetic neoantigen displayed on bacteria derived vesicles elicit systemic antitumour immunity
Authors: Meng Fanqiang , Li Liyan , Zhang Zhirang , Lin Zhongda , Zhang Jinxie , Song Xiao , Xue Tianyuan , Xing Chenyang , Liang Xin , Zhang Xudong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNeoantigens derived from mutant proteins in tumour cells could elicit potent personalized anti‐tumour immunity. Nevertheless, the layout of vaccine vehicle and synthesis of neoantigen are pivotal for stimulating robust response. The power of synthetic biology enables genetic programming bacteria to produce therapeutic agents under contol of the gene circuits. Herein, we genetically engineered bacteria to synthesize fusion neoantigens, and prepared bacteria derived vesicles (BDVs) presenting the neoantigens (BDVs‐Neo) as personalized therapeutic vaccine to drive systemic antitumour response. BDVs‐Neo and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) were inoculated subcutaneously within hydrogel (Gel), whereas sustaining release of BDVs‐Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and GM‐CSF recruited the dendritic cells (DCs). Virtually, Gel‐BDVs‐Neo combined with the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) antibody intensively enhanced proliferation and activation of tumour‐infiltrated T cells, as well as memory T cell clone expansion. Consequently, BDVs‐Neo combining with checkpoint blockade therapy effectively prevented tumour relapse and metastasis.
The “new” oligometastatic disease state and associated therapies in non‐small cell lung cancer: A narrative review
Authors: Na Kwon J. , Kim Young T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPatients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at stage IV have typically been considered incurable. Nonetheless, there is growing evidence that certain patient groups with fewer metastases, or so‐called oligometastatic disease, which may have a more indolent biological nature than widespread metastatic diseases, may survive longer if definitive local treatment is administered to all metastatic sites. According to several retrospective investigations, this subgroup had a better prognosis than other stage IV patients, and the eighth edition of TNM staging was revised to reflect these findings. As a result of rapidly emerging systemic therapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and a growing number of targeted therapies, more patients with this uncommon clinical opportunity have been identified and have received greater clinical attention. Currently, there is no established protocol for the management of oligometastatic disease, and the majority of therapeutic decisions are made through multidisciplinary discussion. In addition to systemic treatment, the two primary local therapeutic options for oligometastatic diseases are surgery and radiotherapy. A few phase 2 trials suggest that aggressive local ablative therapy may significantly improve the prognosis of patients with oligometastatic NSCLC. This review summarizes the most recent data on the management of oligometastatic NSCLC, with a focus on the prognostic significance of local ablative therapy in these patients.
Does environmental regulation affect firms' ESG performance? Evidence from China
Authors: Lu Shiyu , Cheng Bo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTaking the advantage of the revise “Environmental Protection Law” implemented in China as an exogenous shock event, we evaluate the impact of environmental regulation on firms' ESG performance by the difference‐in‐difference approach. We find that this policy improves state‐owned firms' ESG performance. Additionally, our results demonstrate that better ESG performance encourages firms' stock liquidity, and the stock liquidity of state‐owned firms with high ESG performance is stronger than that of private firms after the policy. These findings highlight the importance of environmental regulation, which provide significant meanings for encouraging firms' social responsibility, formulating ESG related policies, and promoting sustainable development.
A rare case of dysferlinopathy with paternal isodisomy for chromosome 2 determined by exome sequencing
Authors: Li Huan , Wang Liang , Zhang Cheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDysferlinopathies are autosomal recessive muscular dystrophies resulting from defects in DYSF (MIM: 603009), which is located on chromosome 2p13 and encodes the dysferlin protein.MethodsWe performed exome sequencing and subsequent trio‐based analysis in a family with dysferlinopathy.ResultsWe report a young patient presenting with hyperCKemia and mild muscle weakness of the lower limbs. Exome sequencing of the proband revealed a homozygous frameshift mutation, NM_001130987.2:c.1471dupA(p.M491Nfs*15), in DYSF. The father was heterozygous for the mutation and the mother did not carry the mutation, as determined by genetic analyses, exome sequencing of parental samples, and a trio‐based analysis. Further analysis revealed that the DYSF gene was not deleted; instead, the entire chromosome 2 of the proband was inherited from the father. Thus, the child had paternal uniparental isodisomy for chromosome 2 (uniparental disomy [UPD]2 pat).ConclusionWe report the first case of dysferlinopathy caused by paternal isodisomy for chromosome 2. Furthermore, our findings highlight the importance of exome sequencing of the proband and parents and trio analyses in clinical settings, particularly when Mendelian inheritance cannot be confirmed, to identify the presence of UPD and to rule out large pathogenic deletions.
Perforator‐based chimeric anterolateral thigh flap U‐shaped insetting for total pharyngoesophageal reconstruction: Surgical technique and functional outcomes
Authors: Salzillo Rosa , Boriani Filippo , Carta Filippo , Tatti Melania , Atzeni Matteo , Persichetti Paolo , Haywood Richard M. , Puxeddu Roberto , Figus Andrea 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPharyngoesophageal reconstruction with the tubed anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is burdened by possible strictures and pharyngocutaneous fistulae (PCF). We present our experience with the U‐shaped insetting of perforator‐based chimeric ALT flap focusing on surgical technique, complications and functional outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively included 10 patients with a total circumferential defect of the hypopharynx undergoing reconstruction with ALT flap. A perforator‐based chimeric ALT flap with two independent skin paddles was harvested: the trapezoid paddle with the greater base cranially and the height oriented vertically was used for pharyngoesophageal reconstruction while the second paddle was exteriorized and used for flap monitoring and reducing tension on skin closure.Mean age was 56.4 years. Eight patients were affected by squamous cell carcinoma. Modified barium swallow radiogram and fiberoptic laryngoscopy were performed to assess strictures and PCFs. Swallowing and speech outcomes were evaluated through the Deglutition Handicap Index (DHI), M.D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) and Voice Handicap Index (VHI) questionnaires.ResultsMean flap dimension was 7.9 × 6 × 9.2 cm. Mean ischemia time was 58.2 min (range 42–80). No flap loss nor flap‐related complications were reported. Two PCFs were observed. Fiberoptic laryngoscopy documented a complete integration of the flap with no strictures or stenosis. Mean follow‐up was 13.6 months (range 1–45 months). Mean DHI score was 33.8, mean MDADI score was 62.5, mean VHI score was 32.2.ConclusionsThe ALT flap U‐shaped insetting is a reliable option for pharyngoesophageal reconstruction yielding a high success rate, low number of strictures and fistulae and good swallowing and voice outcomes.