bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Definitions of Health Apps and Medical Apps From the Perspective of Public Health and Law: Qualitative Analysis of an Interdisciplinary Literature Overview
Authors: Maaß Laura , Freye Merle , Pan Chen-Chia , Dassow Hans-Henrik , Niess Jasmin , Jahnel Tina 
Published: July 2022

Background
The terms health app and medical app are often used interchangeably but do not necessarily mean the same thing. To better understand these terms and better regulate such technologies, we need distinct definitions of health and medical apps.

Objective
This study aimed to provide an overview of the definitions of health and medical apps from an interdisciplinary perspective. We summarized the core elements of the identified definitions for their holistic understanding in the context of digital public health.

Methods
The legal frameworks for medical device regulation in the United States, the European Union, and Germany formed the basis of this study. We then searched 6 databases for articles defining health or medical apps from an interdisciplinary perspective. The narrative literature review was supported by a forward and backward snowball search for more original definitions of health and medical apps. A qualitative analysis was conducted on the identified relevant aspects and core elements of each definition. On the basis of these findings, we developed a holistic definition of health and medical apps and created a decision flowchart to highlight the differences between the 2 types.

Results
The legal framework showed that medical apps could be regulated as mobile medical devices, whereas there is no legal term for health apps. Our narrative literature review identified 204 peer-reviewed publications that offered a definition of health and medical apps. After screening for original definitions and applying the snowball method, 11.8% (24/204) of the publications were included in the qualitative analysis. Of these 24 publications, 22 (88%) provided an original definition of health apps and 11 (44%) described medical apps. The literature suggests that medical apps are a part of health apps. To describe health or medical apps, most definitions used the user group, a description of health, the device, the legal regulation, collected data, or technological functions. However, the regulation should not be a distinction criterion as it requires legal knowledge, which is neither suitable nor practical. An app’s intended medical or health use enables a clear differentiation between health and medical apps. Ultimately, the health aim of an app and its main target group are the only distinction criteria.

Conclusions
Health apps are software programs on mobile devices that process health-related data on or for their users. They can be used by every health-conscious person to maintain, improve, or manage the health of an individual or the community. As an umbrella term, health apps include medical apps. Medical apps share the same technological functions and devices. Health professionals, patients, and family caregivers are the main user groups. Medical apps are intended for clinical and medical purposes and can be legally regulated as mobile medical devices.
The Effects of Particle Mesh and Temperature on Pyrolysis Spirulina platensis Residue (SPR): Pyrolysis Yield and Bio-Oil Properties
Authors: Jamilatun Siti , Budiman Arief , Mufandi Ilham , Aktawan Agus , Fauzi Nabila , Denanti Defiani Putri 
Published: July 2022

Microalgae is the third generation of biomass as renewable energy, a future energy source for making bio-oil. The purpose of this research is to examine the biomass from microalgae Spirulina platensis residue (SPR) using the pyrolysis process, to investigate the effect of particle mesh and temperature on the pyrolysis process, to determine the bio-oil properties, including density, pH, color, flame power, and conversion. Fixed bed reactor used for SPR pyrolysis with dimensions of 4.4 cm outside diameter, 4.0 cm inside diameter, and 60.0 cm reactor height. The temperature controls have been fitted from 300-600 °C combined with a 14-16 °C/minute heating rate. Spirulina platensis residue of 50 grams with various particle mesh (80 and 140 mesh) was fed to the reactor. From the experiment results, the particle mesh and temperature process are influenced by bio-oil yield, water phase, gas yield, biochar yield, conversion, and bio-oil properties, including density, pH, flame power, and color. One hundred forty mesh particles at a temperature of 500 °C showed the highest bio-oil yield with a yield of 22.92%, then the water, charcoal, and gas phases were 27.98, 18.84, and 30.26%, with a conversion of 81.16%. At the same time, 80 mesh particles at 500 °C yielded bio-oil, water, charcoal, and gas phases of 19.66, respectively; 23.10, 27.90, and 29.34%, with a conversion of 72.10%. In addition, density, pH, color, and flame power are described in this study.
Kinetics and Adsorption Equilibrium Study of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) from Crude Palm Oil (CPO) on Anionic Resin
Authors: Wirawan Sang Kompiang , Timotius Daniel , Nugraha Ivone Marselina , Restana Asdi , Anggara Afrizal Luthfi , Hidayatullah Sayoga 
Published: July 2022

Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is obtained from palm fruit extraction. Free Fatty Acid (FFA) level is one of the most important parameters to determine the CPO quality. The standard FFA level in the industry is less than 5%. In the palm oil processing industry, FFA levels in CPO have been minimized through vacuum distillation processes. However, due to the emulsified water in oil and long departure waiting time in port, FFA levels in CPO raise to above 5% resulting in lower quality and selling price. This study has developed a novel approach to mitigate this problem by using anionic resin as an adsorbent to decrease the FFA level. We investigated the kinetics and equilibrium behavior of FFA adsorption in CPO on the anionic resin. The adsorption was conducted in several resin dose (17.5%; 25%; 33.33%; 43%). The kinetic study shows that the FFA adsorption kinetics on anionic resin follows the Pseudo-second-order rate model with the value of k2 vary between 2.1034×10-4 – 1.7375×10-3 and the qe value is in the range of 103.627 - 163.880 (mg/g). The equilibrium study shows that the Freundlich isotherm model is the fittest. The Kf values are obtained between 4.16-15.02, and the n values are in the range of 1.62-2.05. The thermodynamic observation was also involved in this study. The value of and are 28.59 kJ/mol and 91.25 J/mol/K respectively. The results show that the reaction is endothermic, spontaneous, and feasible.
Resultados en la siembra del ají (Capsicum annuum) bajo sistemas biointensivo y convencional en Barranca, La Vega, República Dominicana (2022): en busca de una opción sustentable
Authors: Vásquez Irene , De la Cruz Edwin , Cruz Solís Rafael Emili , Santos Juan 
Published: July 2022

En la búsqueda de alternativas de producción del cultivo de ajíes que contribuyan con la mitigación de los efectos del cambio climático, se llevó a cabo un estudio titulado Resultados en la siembra del ají (Capsicum annuum), bajo dos sistemas (Biointensivo vs. el Convencional), Barranca, La Vega, República Dominicana, 2022: en busca de una opción sustentable. La hipótesis a probar es que “los resultados obtenidos en la siembra de ajíes utilizando dos sistemas presentan diferencias estadísticas significativas”. Para esto se llevó a cabo un ensayo que consistió en un experimento con dos tratamientos y seis repeticiones, lo que permitió disponer de 12 unidades experimentales, donde cada unidad tenía 16 plantas, para un total de 192 muestras. La especie sembrada fue ají cubanela, variedad Golden f1, con un área de siembra de 171.36 m2. La muestra general fue de cuatro (4) plantas por unidad experimental, para un total de 48. Los resultados evidencian la no existencia de diferencias estadísticas significativas en las distintas variables relacionadas con el rendimiento promedio (cantidad y peso de los frutos), en tanto que las variables relacionadas con el desarrollo (longitud de los ajíes, longitud de las raíces y longitud de las plantas) no muestran diferencias estadísticas significativas, excepto en el caso del diámetro de los ajíes, con un 25 % a favor del biointensivo. Se registraron diferencias tanto en los costos como en los ingresos, a favor del método biointensivo.
PEMANFAATAN TUMBUHAN SEBAGAI OBAT TRADISIONAL OLEH ETNIS TO BALAESANG DI DESA RANO, KABUPATEN DONGGALA, SULAWESI TENGAH
Authors: Pitopang Ramadanil , Prayoga Dandy , BANILAI PUTI ANDALUSIA , Iqbal Mohammad 
Published: July 2022

This paper discusses the result of the study on "traditional plant use as medicine by the Balaesang tribal community in Rano village, Balaesang, Donggala district, Central Sulawesi", Indonesia. The research was conducted from December 2020 to March 2021. The basic data of traditional plant used by local ethnic were collected through an in-depth interview initiated by an informed consent using a questionnaire containing open-ended questions. A snowball technique was used to obtain appropriate respondents including the village leader and traditional healers. The results showed that there were 42 plants species (consist of 26 families) that are used as traditional medicine by the Balaesang tribe. Some of plants were utilized for beauty purpose, chronic diseases, skin, hypertension, gastrovascular and other diseases. The preparation method is boiled, ground, consumed directly, squeezed, smeared, and chewed
Clinical utility of cardiovascular risk scores for identification of people with type 2 diabetes more likely to benefit from either GLP-1 receptor agonist or SGLT2 inhibitor therapy
Authors: Sacre Julian W. , Magliano Dianna J. , Shaw Jonathan E. 
Published: July 2022

<p> </p>
<p><strong>Objective. </strong>Differentiation of risk for major atherosclerotic cardiovascular events (MACE) from heart failure hospitalization (HHF)/kidney disease is important when selecting glucose-lowering therapy. We investigated the ability of separate MACE and HHF risk scores to: 1) differentiate MACE from HHF risk; and 2) identify individuals more likely to benefit from glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) vs. sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). </p>
<p><strong>Research Design and Methods.</strong> We identified three trials in type 2 diabetes that reported cardiovascular outcomes stratified by Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction Risk Scores for MACE (TRS-2°P) and HHF (TRS-HFDM). Pooled placebo-arm rates of HHF, MACE, and their ratio – and estimated GLP-1RA- and SGLT2i-mediated reductions in events (MACE+HHF combined) – were compared across cardiovascular risk strata in the trial populations. </p>
<p><strong>Results</strong>. HHF was less frequent than MACE at all risk levels, but rose from 18% of the MACE rate at low-intermediate HHF risk to 61% at highest HHF risk. Similarly, with increasing MACE risk, the incidence of HHF rose from 19% of the MACE incidence in those at low MACE risk to 51% in those with the highest MACE risk. GLP-1RA- and SGLT2i-mediated reductions in cardiovascular events were similar in those at low-intermediate MACE or HHF risk, but tended to favor SGLT2is at higher risk levels of both scores. </p>
<p><strong>Conclusions</strong>. A greater rise in HHF relative to MACE was observed with progressively higher cardiovascular risk, regardless of the risk score applied. Consequently, SGLT2is may offer greater overall cardiovascular protection in those at highest MACE risk, not just those at highest HHF risk.<br>
</p>
The cost of control: Cost-effectiveness analysis of hybrid closed-loop therapy in youth
Authors: Pease Anthony , Callander Emily , Zomer Ella , Abraham Mary B , Davis Elizabeth A , Jones Timothy W , Liew Danny , Zoungas Sophia 
Published: July 2022

<p> </p>
<p><strong>Objective:</strong> Hybrid closed-loop (HCL) therapy is an efficacious management strategy for young people with type 1 diabetes. However, high costs prevent equitable access. We thus sought to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of HCL therapy in comparison to current care among young people with type 1 diabetes in Australia. </p>
<p><strong>Methods: </strong>A patient-level Markov model was constructed to simulate disease progression for young people with type 1 diabetes using HCL therapy versus current care, with follow-up from 12 until 25 years of age. Downstream health and economic consequences were compared via decision analysis. Treatment-effects and proportions using different technologies to define ‘current care’ were based primarily on data from an Australian pediatric randomized controlled trial. Transition probabilities and utilities for health states were sourced from published studies. Costs were considered from the Australian healthcare system’s perspective. An annual discount rate of 5% was applied to future costs and outcomes. Uncertainty was evaluated with probabilistic and deterministic sensitivity analyses.</p>
<p><strong>Results: </strong>Use of HCL therapy resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of Australian Dollars (AUD) $32,789 per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained. The majority of simulations (93.3%) were below the commonly accepted willingness-to-pay threshold of AUD $50,000 per QALY gained in Australia. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the base-case results were robust. </p>
<p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this first cost-effectiveness analysis of HCL technologies for the management of young people with type 1 diabetes, HCL therapy was found to be cost-effective when compared to current care in Australia.</p>
LongitudinalIn VitroEffects of Silver Diamine Fluoride on Early Enamel Caries Lesions
Authors: Alcorn AAT , Al Dehailan L , Cook NB , Tang Q , Lippert F 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYThis laboratory study evaluated the longitudinal surface microhardness changes in early, incipient, noncavitated, white-spot, enamel caries lesions treated with silver diamine fluoride (SDF). Five intervention groups (SDF, AgNO3, KF, 5% sodium fluoride varnish (FV), deionized water (DI)) × two-time intervals after intervention (immediate & delayed pH-cycling) resulted in 10 groups (n=18). Silver nitrate (AgNO3) and potassium fluoride (KF) groups served as controls to assist in evaluating if remineralization effects were due to the silver or fluoride component in SDF. Early, incipient, noncavitated, white-spot, enamel caries lesions were created in bovine enamel, the extent of demineralization was determined using Vickers surface microhardness (VHNlesion). Intervention treatments were applied. Half the specimens from each group underwent immediate 5-day pH-cycling, and half were stored in an incubator with artificial saliva for 2 weeks before undergoing 5-day pH-cycling. After pH-cycling, lesion hardness was evaluated using VHNpost. Specimens were then exposed to a second demineralization challenge, and lesion softening was evaluated (VHNsecdem). Hardness variables were calculated: ΔVHN = VHNpost - VHNlesion; ΔVHNsecdem = VHNsecdem - VHNpost. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA (α=0.05). Immediately cycled, SDF had significantly (p&lt;0.0001) greater remineralization than DI, AgNO3, and FV. All delayed cycling groups had significantly greater remineralization than FV (p&lt;0.0001). Significantly greater remineralization was noted in delayed AgNO3 (p≤0.0001), DI (p=0.0003), and FV (p=0.0006) compared to immediately cycled. After the second demineralization challenge, FV had significantly less surface softening than AgNO3 (p=0.0002), DI (p=0.0003), KF (p=0.0225), and SDF (p=0.0388) intervention groups. No significant difference was found between the pH-cycle timings (p=0.2710). Based the present findings, FV may be better suited than SDF to treat early, incipient, noncavitated, white-spot, enamel caries lesions.
Spin in the Abstracts of Randomized Controlled Trials in Operative Dentistry: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Fang X , Wu X , Levey C , Chen Z , Hua F , Zhang L 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARY

Objective
To assess the presence and characteristics of spin in recently published RCT abstracts in operative dentistry and to investigate potential factors associated with the presence of spin.

Methods and Materials
The PubMed database was searched to identify parallel-group RCTs published between 2015 and 2019 in the field of operative dentistry, which compared two or more groups and had nonsignificant results for the primary outcome. Two authors evaluated independently the presence and characteristics of spin among these abstracts. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with the presence of spin in the Results and the Conclusions sections, respectively.

Results
A total of 77 RCT abstracts were included, among which 58 (75.3%) showed at least one type of spin. Spin was identified in the Results and Conclusions sections of 32 (41.6%) and 45 (58.4%) abstracts, respectively. 19 RCTs (24.7%) presented spin in both the Results and the Conclusions section of abstracts. The presence of spin in the Results section of abstracts was significantly associated with source of funding (OR=8.10; p=0.025) and number of treatment arms was associated with the presence of spin in the Conclusions section of abstracts (OR=5.66; p=0.005).

Conclusion
The occurrence rate of spin in the sample of operative dentistry RCTs abstracts is high.
Edição 20 (2) abril/junho 2022
Authors: Chizzotti Antonio , Ponce Branca Jurema , Costa Thaís Almeida 
Published: July 2022

A Revista e-Curriculum vem acompanhando as tensões geradas pela proximidade do processo eleitoral, que está se dando no Brasil e em vários países da América Latina, crivado por desinformações, por fake news, por hostilidades crescentes, mas também por vitórias da Democracia. As condições especiais deste ano têm exigido atenção e esforço permanente de autores, de avaliadores, de equipe técnica e de responsáveis pela Revista para garantir a edição oportuna deste número.
O conjunto de trabalhos publicados nesta edição, todos advindos da demanda contínua, revela a efervescência crítica do campo do currículo, ao possibilitar debates a partir de estudos nacionais e internacionais, que reafirmam o compromisso deste periódico com a dialogicidade necessária para a produção científica em educação. Nesse sentido, apresentamos aos autores e às autoras e aos leitores e às leitoras uma edição que contempla 19 artigos originados em instituições das mais diversas regiões do Brasil e um produzido em Portugal, na Universidade do Minho, todos sucintamente descritos a seguir.
Diálogos (im) possíveis
Authors: Velanga Carmen Tereza , Bosquê Junior Carlos Alberto , Moreira Melissa Velanga 
Published: July 2022

O objetivo é refletir sobre a função do professor de artes no Ensino Médio e a nova Base Curricular Comum Nacional na prática docente. A pesquisa possui abordagem qualitativa descritiva, os sujeitos são professores de artes, alunos e membros da comunidade. Foram utilizadas autonarrativas, entrevistas e registros documentais, no período de 2019-2020, em um Instituto Federal na fronteira Brasil-Bolívia. As contribuições teóricas estão nos estudos de Currículo, Colonialidade do Poder e Ensino de Arte. A narrativa traz os preconceitos sofridos e as penalidades à produção artística livre na instituição. Resultados indicam o crescimento da censura e da intolerância à liberdade de expressão e do magistério; um currículo acrítico vinculado à obrigação de reproduzir conhecimentos padronizados; discursos e documentos oficiais pressupondo o contrário.
Neoplastic Effects of Endogenous Alcohol in Carcinogenesis Process of Hepatocarcinoma
Authors: Udristioiu Aurelian , Martin Adina , Martin Liviu , Giubelan Alexandru , Udristioiu Daniela , Malaescu Dan , Daniela Papurica Maria , Nica-Badea Delia , Ungureanu Dan 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Based on the grim statistics, the mortality of alcoholic liver disease was in last years the high in the undeveloped countries but and in developed countries in the statistic compared with last years.
Aim: Scope of this work was to discover the patients diagnosed with alcoholic cirrhosis which in time was transformed in Hepatocellular Carcinoma, (HCT) by continue abuse alcohol and which presented, at a previous medical control, with the diagnosis of steatohepatitis after the chronic abuse of alcohol.
Methodology: The retrospective study consisted of 180 patients, adult men (mean age 55 years) and females (mean age = 48) hospitalized and investigated for alcoholic liver diseases. From total cases investigated, 54 cases (30% from of cases admitted in hospital, meaning 27 men and 17 women), which were diagnosed with alcoholic liver cirrhosis in last 5-7 years but in next medical controls were discovered liver cancers in the 6.1% percent.
Results: The majority of patients with uncompensated liver cirrhosis, (70%), have had elevated AST in average 66 U/L value, (N= 5-38U/L). Also, they have had an AST/ALT ratio 1.36, (N = 1.33) and ratio TGP/TGO = 0.95. In the liver carcinogenesis process the report AST/ALT increased in 2.64 value and ratio TGP/TGO decreased in 0.67 value.
Conclusions: The active and rational lifestyle is an essential element in preventing the process of carcinogenesis. Liver disease it's not just how much you drink, but how and when you drink. The treatment of severe alcoholic hepatitis will be necessary in all alcoholic liver diseases centers to prevent hepatic cancer disease.
Effect of Sinovac or Biontech Vaccination on Mortality in COVID-19 Patients in The Intensive Care Unit
Authors: İnce Ülkü , Duran Harun Tolga , Yıldırım Yusuf 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: COVID-19 infection has spread with the development of the pandemic and is transmitted by respiratory droplets. The level of protection of vaccines administered together with the COVID-19 vaccine is the subject of research. We aimed to examine intensive care patients with Sinovac and Biontech vaccines.
Material and Method: After the approval of the ethics committee, 45 patient data were included in our study. Vaccination status in intensive care units was examined and patients were grouped into Sinovac and Biontech. Age, sex, comorbid conditions, and mortality rates were compared statistically. With this comparison, the effects on mortality and clinical features were evaluated.
Results: Forty-five patients between March 31 and December 31, 2021 were included in the study. In these patients, patients who received 2 doses of vaccine in the period before hospitalization according to the intensive care evaluation criteria were examined. Mortality rates were higher in patients who received 2 doses of Sinovac vaccine in patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit compared to those who received 2 doses of Biontech vaccine.
Conclusion: It was observed that the vaccination status of patients who were vaccinated with COVID-19 and taken to the intensive care unit affected mortality. Studies with larger numbers of patients are needed.
Competence for Agribusiness Degrees to Support Competence Based Education
Authors: Magumba David 
Published: July 2022

A competent graduate is innovative and successful at getting and retaining a job in today’s workplace. Agribusiness industries and organizations are demanding competent graduates mostly youth whose years of experience are close to none and their perfection at industrial production and work floor to some were a mere two-month internship. Universities and other tertiary institutions prepare their students for three to four years by working closely with lecturers and employers. Fruitful collaborations are the only ways how to train competent graduates. Universities can longer work as towers of knowledge offering theoretical lectures away from industries. Competence Based Education (CBE) has gained traction in universities and is the future of education. A review of job descriptions reveals that relevant training programs need to have skills, knowledge, and strategies for attitude change embedded in curricula designed toward delivering a competent graduate.