bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in teachers' beliefs: A longitudinal study of science teachers engaging in storyline curriculum‐based professional development
Authors: Lowell Benjamin R. , McNeill Katherine L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractReforms such as the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) call for substantial change in teacher practice such as instruction that is more phenomenon‐based, three‐dimensional, supportive of student epistemic agency, and coherent from the student perspective. Such change requires ongoing support in the form of aligned curricular materials and professional development (PD), but little work has been done to understand how teachers respond to PD over time in the NGSS era. Therefore, this study investigated how teachers' beliefs about science instruction and self‐efficacy in implementing a reform science curriculum changed over time. Using survey data from the field test of the OpenSciEd middle school curriculum implementation, we tracked changes in teaching beliefs and self‐efficacy beliefs in 322 teachers over 2 years, which included four rounds of PD workshops and implementation of four new curricular units. Teachers' teaching beliefs and self‐efficacy beliefs changed initially and leveled out over time, but self‐efficacy took longer to change than teaching beliefs. This suggests that teachers may require more time, iteration, or enactment to increase their confidence in implementing new instruction as compared to their beliefs in the value of the new approach. Using hierarchical linear modeling, we identified teacher characteristics associated with differences in those changes. Teachers who had more experience and found the PD more valuable were less likely to hold traditional teaching beliefs and more likely to have higher self‐efficacy. Of these variables, teachers' value of the PD is particularly interesting because it can be designed for. Based on these results, we argue that PD should be designed to build trust and to provide a rationale for PD activities for participants to help understand the value of the experiences.
Probing the Sociocultural Relevance of TESOL in Three Stories of Becoming an English Teacher
Authors: Mirhosseini Seyyed‐Abdolhamid , Bayat Golgis 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough critical views of language education have redefined teacher roles, teachers' understanding of their own position within the ideological contestations surrounding language teaching is not widely investigated. This narrative study explores the perspectives of three Iranian English language teachers on the sociocultural roles and responsibilities that they may assume for themselves and examines how such perspectives are shaped. In extensive multi‐session narrative interviews, the participants shared their stories of becoming a teacher, starting from their retrospection on teacher roles during their language learning. Our narrative analysis depicts their different trajectories of shaping conceptions of language teachers' sociocultural roles in three stages: as a language learner, as a student teacher, and as a beginner teacher. On this basis, their narrative accounts of becoming English teachers appear to indicate that critical sociocultural views still play a marginal role in actual teacher preparation processes and the field needs to further embrace critical approaches to language teacher education aimed at raising English language teachers' awareness of their sociocultural responsibility. Moreover, our participants' narratives illustrate that understanding the genesis of language teachers' teaching philosophies requires a wide perspective of their long‐term background of learning (to teach) the language.
Effect of nanoparticle loading and magnetic field application on the thermodynamic, optical, and rheological behavior of thermoresponsive polymer solutions
Authors: Neal Christopher A. P. , Kresge Grace V. , Quan Michelle C. , León Valeria , Chibambo Nondumiso O. , Calabrese Michelle A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough processing via external stimuli is a promising technique to tune the structure and properties of polymeric materials, the impact of magnetic fields on phase transitions in thermoresponsive polymer solutions is not well‐understood. As nanoparticle (NP) addition is also known to impact these thermodynamic and optical properties, synergistic effects from combining magnetic fields with NP incorporation provide a novel route for tuning material properties. Here, the thermodynamic, optical, and rheological properties of aqueous poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) solutions are examined in the presence of hydrophilic silica NPs and magnetic fields, individually and jointly, via Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), magneto‐turbidimetry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and magneto‐rheology. While NPs and magnetic fields both reduce the phase separation energy barrier and lower optical transition temperatures by altering hydrogen bonding (H‐bonding), infrared spectra demonstrate that the mechanism by which these changes occur is distinct. Magnetic fields primarily alter solvent polarization while NPs provide PNIPAM–NP H‐bonding sites. Combining NP addition with field application uniquely alters the solution environment and results in field‐dependent rheological behavior that is unseen in polymer‐only solutions. These investigations provide fundamental understanding on the interplay of magnetic fields and NP addition on PNIPAM thermoresponsivity which can be harnessed for increasingly complex stimuli‐responsive materials.
Brownian dynamics simulations of biomolecular diffusional association processes
Authors: Muñiz‐Chicharro Abraham , Votapka Lane W. , Amaro Rommie E. , Wade Rebecca C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBrownian dynamics (BD) is a computational method to simulate molecular diffusion processes. Although the BD method has been developed over several decades and is well established, new methodological developments are improving its accuracy, widening its scope, and increasing its application. In biological applications, BD is used to investigate the diffusive behavior of molecules subject to forces due to intermolecular interactions or interactions with material surfaces. BD can be used to compute rate constants for diffusional association, generate structures of encounter complexes for molecular binding partners, and examine the transport properties of geometrically complex molecules. Often, a series of simulations is performed, for example, for different protein mutants or environmental conditions, so that the effects of the changes on diffusional properties can be estimated. While biomolecules are commonly described at atomic resolution and internal molecular motions are typically neglected, coarse‐graining and the treatment of conformational flexibility are increasingly employed. Software packages for BD simulations of biomolecules are growing in capabilities, with several new packages providing novel features that expand the range of questions that can be addressed. These advances, when used in concert with experiment or other simulation methods, such as molecular dynamics, open new opportunities for application to biochemical and biological systems. Here, we review some of the latest developments in the theory, methods, software, and applications of BD simulations to study biomolecular diffusional association processes and provide a perspective on their future use and application to outstanding challenges in biology, bioengineering, and biomedicine.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Dynamics and Monte‐Carlo Methods
Software > Simulation Methods
Optimizing surveys of fall‐staging geese using aerial imagery and automated counting
Authors: Weiser Emily L. , Flint Paul L. , Marks Dennis K. , Shults Brad S. , Wilson Heather M. , Thompson Sarah J. , Fischer Julian B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOcular aerial surveys allow efficient coverage of large areas and can be used to monitor abundance and distribution of wild populations. However, uncertainty around resulting population estimates can be large due to difficulty in visually identifying and counting animals from aircraft, as well as logistical challenges in estimating detection probabilities. Photographic aerial surveys can mitigate these challenges and can allow flight at higher altitudes to minimize disturbance of birds and improve safety for surveyors. We evaluated a photographic aerial survey that incorporated a systematic sampling design with automated photo capture and processing for fall‐staging geese at Izembek Lagoon, Alaska, in 2017–2019. Ocular aerial surveys have been completed at Izembek Lagoon for >40 years. For the new photo survey, we used a commercial system to automatically trigger cameras at preset points. We then applied a machine‐learning algorithm trained to automatically identify and count geese in our photos, manually corrected those counts, and quantified the algorithm's accuracy. We translated corrected counts into density and extrapolated mean density across the entire lagoon to estimate total population size for Pacific brant (Branta bernicla) and cackling geese (B. hutchinsii). The automated algorithm undercounted geese, but successfully identified the small subset of photos containing geese. Manual correction was therefore needed only for photos automatically identified as containing geese, allowing substantial reduction of workload. Manually‐corrected, photo‐based estimates of Pacific brant and cackling goose population sizes were larger and more precise than ocular estimates in all 3 years. To reduce costs with little penalty for variance around population estimates, the photographic survey design could be optimized by reducing the number of transects to ~67% of the current number while still manually correcting all photos in which the automated algorithm detected geese. Further years of both ocular and photo surveys would be needed to calibrate the photo estimates against the >40‐year timeseries of the ocular survey, after which the photo series could successfully guide management of Pacific brant. As technologies continue to advance, we expect photographic surveys with automated counting to be easily implemented and advantageous to many monitoring programs.
Testing the detection of large, secretive snakes using camera traps
Authors: Walkup Danielle K. , Ryberg Wade A. , Pierce Josh B. , Smith Emlyn , Childress James , East Forrest , Pierce Brian L. , Brown Price , Fielder Corey M. , Hibbitts Toby J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNovel technologies, such as camera traps, have expanded the opportunities for species detection, especially for rare species. Corresponding changes in data processing must occur to handle the large volume of data gathered from technology like camera traps. Automated image data processing, usually by running images through different types of computer algorithms, is an overarching goal to reduce the number of images that researchers must manually review. However, differences in camera trap setups and species characteristics can make automatic processing a challenge. Here, we evaluated the detection accuracy and efficiency of a time‐lapse triggered camera trapping technique combined with a pixel change detection algorithm as part of a monitoring program for a translocated population of the rare and federally threatened Louisiana Pinesnake (Pituophis ruthveni). We paired 5 cameras with automated pit tag readers to collect observations of P. ruthveni. We evaluated an image dataset of 1,500,187 images, collected over 7 months, both manually (i.e., researchers looking at each individual picture to determine snake presence) and automatically using a change detection algorithm. There were 18 P. ruthveni observations recorded by the tag readers, 7 of which occurred while a paired camera was not operational. Ten of the tag reader P. ruthveni observations were captured by the paired camera trap, with an additional P. ruthveni observation from a paired camera trap not recorded by the tag reader. There were 132 snake observations of 13 additional species and 18 observations of unknown snakes from the camera traps. The algorithm reduced the number of images reviewers evaluated by an average of 78.5% per camera (range = 37.3–98.7%) but had a 54.5% success rate at detecting observations of P. ruthveni (47.1% for individual images), and a slightly lower 48.9% success rate detecting other large snakes. Large snakes were 4 times more likely to be flagged by the algorithm than small snakes. Our time‐lapse triggered camera trapping technique performed well with respect to P. ruthveni detection accuracy, compared to the tag readers. However, further research is needed to improve quality assurances of camera trap image filtering and object recognition algorithms across different sites or environments.
Comparison between concentration and type of intracellular cryoprotectants and the presence of sucrose for cryobanks of somatic cells derived from captive Pumas
Authors: Rodrigues Luanna L. V. , Moura Yasmin B. F. , Viana João V. S. , Praxedes Érika A. , Oliveira Lhara R. M. , Silva Herlon V. R. , Pereira Alexsandra F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe loss of wild biodiversity has prompted the development of cryobanks, such as those of somatic cells. This is the reality of Pumas, wild felids of ecological importance that suffer from anthropogenic actions, population decline, and subsequent loss of genetic diversity. Somatic cell banks are a strategy for conserving population diversity. We compared different concentrations and types of intracellular cryoprotectants (dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO; ethylene glycol, EG) associated with 0.2 M of sucrose (SUC) in the cryopreservation of the somatic cells of captive Pumas. The cells were cryopreserved by slow freezing with different solutions containing Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with 10% fetal bovine serum and varying concentrations of DMSO and EG in the absence or presence of SUC. The cells were analyzed for morphological characteristics, viability, proliferative activity, metabolic activity, and apoptosis levels. Cells maintained similar fusiform morphology before and after cryopreservation. There was no difference in viability, regardless of the reduction in the concentration and type of intracellular cryoprotectants and sucrose. Similarly, proliferative activity, metabolic activity, and apoptosis levels were not altered by the composition of the cryoprotectants. In summary, we demonstrate that reducing the concentration of DMSO or EG ensures adequate cryopreservation of Puma somatic cells, regardless of the presence of SUC.
Neumann-Rosochatius system for rotating strings in AdS3 × S3 × S3 × S1 with flux
Authors: Chakraborty Adrita , Nayak Rashmi R. , Pandit Priyadarshini , Panigrahi Kamal L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We wish to construct an integrable Neumann-Rosochatius (NR) model of strings in AdS3 × S3 × S3 × S1 supported by pure NSNS flux. We observe that the forms of the Lagrangian and the Uhlenbeck integrals of motion of the considered system are NR-like with some suitable deformations, which eventually appear due to the presence of flux. We utilize the integrable framework of the deformed NR model to analyze rigidly rotating spiky strings moving only in S3 × S1. We further present a quantitative study on the rounding-off nature of the spike in the presence of non-zero angular momentum J in S1.
Linear power corrections to e+e– shape variables in the three-jet region
Authors: Caola Fabrizio , Ravasio Silvia Ferrario , Limatola Giovanni , Melnikov Kirill , Nason Paolo , Ozcelik Melih Arslan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We use an abelian model to study linear power corrections which arise from infrared renormalons and affect event shapes in e+e− annihilation into hadrons. While previous studies explored power corrections in the two-jet region, in this paper we focus on the three-jet region, which is the most relevant one for the determination of the strong coupling constant. We show that for a broad class of shape variables, linear power corrections can be written in a factorised form, that involves an analytically-calculable function, that characterises changes in the shape variable when a soft parton is emitted, and a constant universal factor. This universal factor is proportional to the so-called Milan factor, introduced in earlier literature to describe linear power corrections in the two-jet region. We find that the power corrections in the two-jet and in the three-jet regions are different, a result which is bound to have important consequences for the determination of the strong coupling constant from event shapes. As a further illustration of the power of the approach developed in this paper, we provide explicit analytic expressions for the leading power corrections to the C-parameter and the thrust distributions in the N -jet region for arbitrary N, albeit in the abelian model.
Chaos and multifold complexity for an inverted harmonic oscillator
Authors: Qu Le-Chen , Jiang Hong-Yue , Liu Yu-Xiao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We examine the multifold complexity and Loschmidt echo for an inverted harmonic oscillator. We give analytic expressions for any number of precursors, implementing multiple backward and forward time evolutions of the quantum state, at the leading order in the perturbation. We prove that complexity is dominated by the longest permutation of the given time combination in an alternating “zig-zag” order, the exact same result obtained with holography. We conjecture that the general structure for multifold complexity should hold true universally for generic quantum systems, in the limit of a large number of precursors.
[18F]RO948 tau positron emission tomography in genetic and sporadic frontotemporal dementia syndromes
Authors: Santillo Alexander F. , Leuzy Antoine , Honer Michael , Landqvist Waldö Maria , Tideman Pontus , Harper Luke , Ohlsson Tomas , Moes Svenja , Giannini Lucia , Jögi Jonas , Groot Colin , Ossenkoppele Rik , Strandberg Olof , van Swieten John , Smith Ruben , Hansson Oskar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To examine [18F]RO948 retention in FTD, sampling the underlying protein pathology heterogeneity.

Methods
A total of 61 individuals with FTD (n = 35), matched cases of AD (n = 13) and Aβ-negative cognitively unimpaired individuals (n = 13) underwent [18F]RO948PET and MRI. FTD included 21 behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) cases, 11 symptomatic C9orf72 mutation carriers, one patient with non-genetic bvFTD-ALS, one individual with bvFTD due to a GRN mutation, and one due to a MAPT mutation (R406W). Tracer retention was examined using a region-of-interest and voxel-wise approaches. Two individuals (bvFTD due to C9orf72) underwent postmortem neuropathological examination. Tracer binding was additionally assessed in vitro using [3H]RO948 autoradiography in six separate cases.

Results
[18F]RO948 retention across ROIs was clearly lower than in AD and comparable to that in Aβ-negative cognitively unimpaired individuals. Only minor loci of tracer retention were seen in bvFTD; these did not overlap with the observed cortical atrophy in the cases, the expected pattern of atrophy, nor the expected or verified protein pathology distribution. Autoradiography analyses showed no specific [3H]RO948 binding. The R406W MAPT mutation carriers were clear exceptions with AD-like retention levels and specific in-vitro binding.

Conclusion
[18F]RO948 uptake is not significantly increased in the majority of FTD patients, with a clear exception being specific MAPT mutations.
Genotype–phenotype characterisation of long survivors with motor neuron disease in Scotland
Authors: Leighton Danielle J. , Ansari Morad , Newton Judith , Parry David , Cleary Elaine , Colville Shuna , Stephenson Laura , Larraz Juan , Johnson Micheala , Beswick Emily , Wong Michael , Gregory Jenna , Carod Artal Javier , Davenport Richard , Duncan Callum , Morrison Ian , Smith Colin , Swingler Robert , Deary Ian J. , Porteous Mary , Aitman Timothy J. , Chandran Siddharthan , Gorrie George H. , Pal Suvankar ,   the Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, Harris Sarah , Prendergast James , Russ Tom , Taylor Adele , Deary Ian ,   and the CARE-MND Consortium, Bethell Andrew , Byrne Suzanne , Craig Gillian , Flett Moira , Haagendrud Hanne , Hafezi Katarzyna , Hatrick Janice , Hutchison Aidan , Lennox Helen , Marshall Laura , McAleer Dympna , McEleney Alison , Millar Kitty , Murrie Louise , Perry David , Saravanan Gowri , Starrs Martin , Stewart Susan , Storey Dorothy , Stott Gill , Thompson David , Thornton Carol , Van Der Westhuizen Tanya , Webber Carolyn 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
We investigated the phenotypes and genotypes of a cohort of ‘long-surviving’ individuals with motor neuron disease (MND) to identify potential targets for prognostication.

Methods
Patients were recruited via the Clinical Audit Research and Evaluation for MND (CARE-MND) platform, which hosts the Scottish MND Register. Long survival was defined as > 8 years from diagnosis. 11 phenotypic variables were analysed. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed and variants within 49 MND-associated genes examined. Each individual was screened for C9orf72 repeat expansions. Data from ancestry-matched Scottish populations (the Lothian Birth Cohorts) were used as controls.

Results
58 long survivors were identified. Median survival from diagnosis was 15.5 years. Long survivors were significantly younger at onset and diagnosis than incident patients and had a significantly longer diagnostic delay. 42% had the MND subtype of primary lateral sclerosis (PLS). WGS was performed in 46 individuals: 14 (30.4%) had a potentially pathogenic variant. 4 carried the known SOD1 p.(Ile114Thr) variant. Significant variants in FIG4, hnRNPA2B1, SETX, SQSTM1, TAF15, and VAPB were detected. 2 individuals had a variant in the SPAST gene suggesting phenotypic overlap with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). No long survivors had pathogenic C9orf72 repeat expansions.

Conclusions
Long survivors are characterised by younger age at onset, increased prevalence of PLS and longer diagnostic delay. Genetic analysis in this cohort has improved our understanding of the phenotypes associated with the SOD1 variant p.(Ile114Thr). Our findings confirm that pathogenic expansion of C9orf72 is likely a poor prognostic marker. Genetic screening using targeted MND and/or HSP panels should be considered in those with long survival, or early-onset slowly progressive disease, to improve diagnostic accuracy and aid prognostication.
Why motor imagery is not really motoric: towards a re-conceptualization in terms of effect-based action control
Authors: Bach Patric , Frank Cornelia , Kunde Wilfried 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOvert and imagined action seem inextricably linked. Both have similar timing, activate shared brain circuits, and motor imagery influences overt action and vice versa. Motor imagery is, therefore, often assumed to recruit the same motor processes that govern action execution, and which allow one to play through or simulate actions offline. Here, we advance a very different conceptualization. Accordingly, the links between imagery and overt action do not arise because action imagery is intrinsically motoric, but because action planning is intrinsically imaginistic and occurs in terms of the perceptual effects one want to achieve. Seen like this, the term ‘motor imagery’ is a misnomer of what is more appropriately portrayed as ‘effect imagery’. In this article, we review the long-standing arguments for effect-based accounts of action, which are often ignored in motor imagery research. We show that such views provide a straightforward account of motor imagery. We review the evidence for imagery-execution overlaps through this new lens and argue that they indeed emerge because every action we execute is planned, initiated and controlled through an imagery-like process. We highlight findings that this new view can now explain and point out open questions.