bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Describing Callous Unemotional Traits and Stressful Life Event Trajectories: Differences on Risk Factors and Mental Health Outcomes from the Age of 3 to 10
Authors: Pueyo Natalia , Navarro José-Blas , De La Osa Núria , Penelo Eva , Ezpeleta Lourdes 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Callous Unemotional (CU) traits are associated with different environmental risk factors, such as negative stressful life events (SLE). The most common studied SLE associated with CU trait has been childhood maltreatment, but less is known about how other SLE impact the development of CU traits. Therefore, this work examines risk factors, personal factors (executive functioning), and mental health outcomes associated with the trajectories of Callous Unemotional (CU) traits and Stressful Life Events (SLE) in a community sample of children. A cohort of 377 preschoolers were followed up between ages 3 and 10. Several risk factors and outcomes for three trajectory groups (high CU/SLE; high CU/low SLE; and the reference group with low CU/SLE) were analyzed by using multiple post-hoc comparisons. We hypothesized that children with high CU/SLE would face more contextual risk factors, more executive functioning difficulties and more mental health problems than children with high CU/low SLE or the reference group. At the age of 3, children who showed high CU/SLE faced more early contextual adversity, including socioeconomic difficulties and maternal antisocial behavior than the other groups of children. At the age of 10, children with high CU/SLE presented more peer problems and higher psychopathology symptoms than the reference group, but no differences on mental health outcomes in comparison to the high CU/low SLE group. These results have potential implications for clinical practice and studies attempting to identify different CU subtypes in children.
Iron Limitation Drives the Globally Extreme Fluorescence/Chlorophyll Ratios of the Southern Ocean
Authors: Schallenberg Christina , Strzepek Robert F. , Bestley Sophie , Wojtasiewicz Bozena , Trull Thomas W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe ratio between fluorescence (F) and chlorophyll‐a (Chl)—where fluorescence is measured with a saturating fluorometer—is variable in the world's oceans, with the highest ratios and highest variability observed in the Southern Ocean. While species composition and Chl packaging per cell are strong drivers for the observed variability, additional factors, including iron limitation, have to this date not specifically been evaluated. Radiometers on biogeochemical (BGC)‐Argo floats allow for an independent estimate of Chl concentration that is based on the light attenuation coefficient, Kd. Making use of 4,000 radiometry profiles from BGC‐Argo floats in the Southern Ocean, we estimate Chl based on Kd and investigate the variability in F/Chl. Our analysis reveals a positive correlation between F/Chl and a proxy for iron limitation based on non‐photochemical quenching dynamics. The strong influence of iron limitation on F/Chl is further corroborated by data from Southern Ocean phytoplankton cultures.
Tides, Stratification, and Counter Rotation: The German Bight ROFI in Comparison to Other Regions of Freshwater Influence
Authors: Kopte Robert , Becker Marius , Holtermann Peter , Winter Christian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe characteristics of tidal velocity profiles and their relation to stratification are investigated based on high‐resolution field data collected at four locations in the German Bight Region of Freshwater Influence (ROFI) in the North Sea. The deployments each include two to three tidal cycles and were conducted during field campaigns in August 2016 and May 2018. The depth‐averaged semidiurnal tidal motion is dominated by a standing wave directed toward the coast, but modified by a smaller, coast‐parallel progressive wave contribution. The time series of the tidal velocity profiles consistently show tidal asymmetries with higher flood than ebb velocities near the surface and counter‐clockwise rotation of the velocity trajectories at depth. Near the surface, phase‐locked periodic changes in the sense of rotation within the tidal cycle are evident for three deployments, resulting in periodic counter‐rotation of the upper and lower layer. During these episodes, stratification of the water column is observed. Counter‐rotation is initiated after a sudden decoupling developing from the surface downward, with subsequent rapid development of stratification and velocity shear. The observed decoupling is most likely triggered by advection of the plume‐induced lateral surface density gradient by weakly sheared ebb currents toward the study site. Due to the dominance of the standing wave in the German Bight ROFI, the observed intra‐tidal variations of stratification are more similar to the Liverpool Bay and differ significantly from the Rhine ROFI, where the tidal dynamics are controlled by a progressive Kelvin wave.
Large‐Scale Troughs on Asteroid 4 Vesta Accommodate Opening‐Mode Displacement
Authors: Cheng Hiu Ching Jupiter , Klimczak Christian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAsteroid 4 Vesta hosts two sets of enormous troughs, Divalia Fossae that encircle two‐thirds of the equator and Saturnalia Fossae located in the northern hemisphere. These troughs were interpreted as grabens, thus invoking faulting. The trough sizes, their linear arrangement, and overall morphology leave no doubt that their origin is tectonic, but structures other than faults have not been considered. To test if they are fault‐related or formed by accommodating opening‐mode displacement (i.e., jointing) without subsequent shear, we investigate the map patterns, cross‐sectional geometries, and variations of relief and width along the trough lengths. Relief and width could relate to the vertical displacement of faults and aperture of joints, respectively, and they therefore reveal differences in fracturing behavior. We analyzed six major troughs on Vesta, four belonging to Divalia Fossae, and two to Saturnalia Fossae. No map patterns are diagnostic of faulting or jointing. For each pair of trough‐bounding scarps, the maximum relief does not lie at the trough center, and the two maxima occur at different positions along the trough. In contrast, troughs are widest near the centers of the troughs. These characteristics are inconsistent with graben formation but are consistent with jointing. Furthermore, rock‐mechanical calculations that account for Vesta's low gravitational acceleration and degree of fracturing reveal that faulting is not favored to be initiated at depths above at least ∼3 but as much as 55 km within Vesta's lithosphere. Therefore, jointing or mixed‐mode fracturing, both involving opening‐mode displacements, are more plausible fracturing mechanisms for the Divalia Fossae.
Vertical Shears of Horizontal Winds in the Lower Thermosphere Observed by ICON
Authors: England Scott L. , Englert Christoph R. , Harding Brian J. , Triplett Colin C. , Marr Kenneth , Harlander John M. , Swenson Gary R. , Maute Astrid , Immel Thomas J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVertical shears of horizontal winds play an important role in the dynamics of the upper atmosphere. Prior observations have indicated that these shears predominantly occur in the lower thermosphere. MIGHTI observations from the Ionospheric Connection Explorer indicate that strong wind shears are a common feature of the lower thermosphere between 100–130 km, varying greatly between orbits. This work focuses on these strong shears, and examines their occurrences, horizontal scales and underlying organization. The wind shears can persist for 1000s km horizontally. Over a large data set, no preferred direction for the strong wind shears is found. The shears that persist for a short horizontal extent are slightly larger in amplitude and more numerous than those that persist across large horizontal scales. The altitude at which the strongest shears occur, regardless of the horizontal extent, show a downward progression with local time, following the climatological winds and upward propagating tides.
Dilution of Boundary Layer Cloud Condensation Nucleus Concentrations by Free Tropospheric Entrainment During Marine Cold Air Outbreaks
Authors: Tornow F. , Ackerman A. S. , Fridlind A. M. , Cairns B. , Crosbie E. C. , Kirschler S. , Moore R. H. , Painemal D. , Robinson C. E. , Seethala C. , Shook M. A. , Voigt C. , Winstead E. L. , Ziemba L. D. , Zuidema P. , Sorooshian A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent aircraft measurements over the northwest Atlantic enable an investigation of how entrainment from the free troposphere (FT) impacts cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) concentrations in the marine boundary layer (MBL) during cold‐air outbreaks (CAOs), motivated by the role of CCN in mediating transitions from closed to open‐cell regimes. Observations compiled over eight flights indicate predominantly far lesser CCN concentrations in the FT than in the MBL. For one flight, a fetch‐dependent MBL‐mean CCN budget is compiled from estimates of sea‐surface fluxes, entrainment of FT air, and hydrometeor collision‐coalescence, based on in‐situ and remote‐sensing measurements. Results indicate a dominant role of FT entrainment in reducing MBL CCN concentrations, consistent with satellite‐observed trends in droplet number concentration upwind of CAO cloud‐regime transitions over the northwest Atlantic. Relatively scant CCN may widely be associated with FT dry intrusions, and should accelerate cloud‐regime transitions where underlying MBL air is CCN‐rich, thereby reducing regional albedo.
On the Asymmetry of the Tropical Pacific Thermocline Fluctuation Associated With ENSO Recharge and Discharge
Authors: Li Xiaofan , Hu Zeng‐Zhen , Zhao Sen , Ding Ruiqiang , Zhang Banglin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) plays a crucial role in a successful climate prediction at seasonal‐interannual time scales. One of the challenges of forecasting the ENSO is from the non‐cyclical feature, which is linked to the ocean heat discharge and recharge processes of the equatorial Pacific. We note that there are appreciable differences in both the intensities and spatial patterns associated with preceding thermocline fluctuation in the tropical Pacific between the recharge and discharge phases of ENSO. Preceding thermocline anomalies in the western and central deep tropical Pacific contribute to the recharge phase of ENSO, while preceding thermocline anomalies in the western (eastern) tropical Pacific have a positive (negative) contribution to the discharge phase of ENSO. The contrastive connections with the preceding thermocline fluctuation are mainly due to the asymmetric wind stress anomalies associated with El Niño and La Niña.
Flowrate Time Series Processing in Engineering Tools for Water Distribution Networks
Authors: Ferreira Bruno , Carriço Nelson , Barreira Raquel , Dias Tiago , Covas Dídia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe current paper presents a comprehensive methodology for processing unevenly (and evenly) spaced flowrate time series for subsequent use in engineering tools, such as the calibration of hydraulic models or the detection and location of leaks and bursts. The methodology is a four‐step procedure: (a) anomaly identification and removal, (b) short‐duration gap reconstruction, (c) time step normalization, and (d) long‐duration gap reconstruction. The time step normalization is carried out by a numerical procedure prior to the reconstruction process. This reconstruction process uses a pattern model coupled with regression techniques (i.e., autoregressive integrated moving average and exponential smoothing). The methodology is calibrated using Monte Carlo simulations applied to a water utility flowrate time series and validated with two additional time series from different water utilities. Obtained results demonstrate that the proposed methodology can process flowrate time series from water supply systems with different characteristics (e.g., consumption pattern, data acquisition system, transmission settings) both for normal operating conditions and during the occurrence of abnormal events (e.g., pipe bursts). This methodology is a very useful tool for the daily management of water utilities, preparing the time series to be used in different engineering tools, namely, hydraulic simulation, model calibration or online burst detection.
Experimental method for haplotype phasing across the entire length of chromosome 21 in trisomy 21 cells using a chromosome elimination technique
Authors: Wakita Sachiko , Hara Mari , Kitabatake Yasuji , Kawatani Keiji , Kurahashi Hiroki , Hashizume Ryotaro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractModern sequencing technologies produce a single consensus sequence without distinguishing between homologous chromosomes. Haplotype phasing solves this limitation by identifying alleles on the maternal and paternal chromosomes. This information is critical for understanding gene expression models in genetic disease research. Furthermore, the haplotype phasing of three homologous chromosomes in trisomy cells is more complicated than that in disomy cells. In this study, we attempted the accurate and complete haplotype phasing of chromosome 21 in trisomy 21 cells. To separate homologs, we established three corrected disomy cell lines (ΔPaternal chromosome, ΔMaternal chromosome 1, and ΔMaternal chromosome 2) from trisomy 21 induced pluripotent stem cells by eliminating one chromosome 21 utilizing the Cre-loxP system. These cells were then whole-genome sequenced by a next-generation sequencer. By simply comparing the base information of the whole-genome sequence data at the same position between each corrected disomy cell line, we determined the base on the eliminated chromosome and performed phasing. We phased 51,596 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 21, randomly selected seven SNPs spanning the entire length of the chromosome, and confirmed that there was no contradiction by direct sequencing.
Calreticulin enhances gastric cancer metastasis by dimethylating H3K9 in the E-cadherin promoter region mediating by G9a
Authors: Wang Lina , Chen Jun , Zuo Qianfei , Wu Chunmei , Yu Ting , Zheng Pengfei , Huang Hui , Deng Jun , Fang Lichao , Liu Huamin , Li Chenghong , Yu Peiwu , Zou Quanming , Zheng Junsong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe latest study shows that gastric cancer (GC) ranked the fifth most common cancer (5.6%) with over 1 million estimated new cases annually and the fourth most common cause of cancer death (7.7%) globally in 2020. Metastasis is the leading cause of GC treatment failure. Therefore, clarifying the regulatory mechanisms for GC metastatic process is necessary. In the current study, we discovered that calreticulin (CALR) was highly expressed in GC tissues and related to lymph node metastasis and patient’s terrible prognosis. The introduction of CALR dramatically promoted GC cell migration in vitro and in vivo, while the repression of CALR got the opposite effects. Cell migration is a functional consequence of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and is related to adhesion of cells. Additionally, we observed that CALR inhibition or overexpression regulated the expression of EMT markers (E-cadherin, ZO-1, Snail, N-cadherin, and ZEB1) and cellular adhesive moleculars (Fibronectin, integrin β1and MMP2). Mechanistically, our data indicated that CALR could mediate DNA methylation of E-cadherin promoter by interacting with G9a, a major euchromatin methyltransferase responsible for methylation of histone H3 on lysine 9(H3K9me2) and recruiting G9a to the E-cadherin promoter. Knockdown of G9a in CALR overexpressing models restored E-cadherin expression and blocked the stimulatory effects of CALR on GC cell migration. Taken together, these findings not only reveal critical roles of CALR medicated GC metastasis but also provide novel treatment strategies for GC.
The EXPANDER-1 trial: introduction of the novel Urocross™ Expander System for treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Authors: Woo Henry H. , Huang Chi-Ping , Huang William J. , Chang Yi-Huei , Lien Chi-Shun , Chkhotua Archil , Elterman Dean S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To demonstrate the safety and feasibility of the Urocross Expander System (formerly branded as XFLO Expander System), an implantable nitinol tissue expander to trea t patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Materials and methods
Men of 50 years or older were eligible to participate in the international, prospective, three-arm, open-label EXPANDER-1 trial if they had a prostate volume between 30 and 80 cc, prostatic urethra length between 20 and 60/80 mm, international prostate symptom score (IPSS) > 13, peak urinary flow (Qmax) < 12 mL/s, post-void residual (PVR) urine volume < 250 mL and quality of life (QoL) score ≥ 3. Patients had pre-assigned implant indwell times (1, 6, and 12 months for Arm-1, Arm-2 and Arm-3 respectively) with follow-up through 6 months (Arm-1) and 3 years (Arm-2 and Arm-3) post-retrieval.

Results
Outcome from treated subjects with their 6-month post-retrieval will be presented in this manuscript, as data collection from longer-term follow-up is ongoing. As of May 24, 2021, 39 and 22 men (mean age: 65), respectively, had implants successfully deployed and retrieved without any complications. No cases of implant encrustation were observed. Device- and procedure-related adverse events were predominantly mild to moderate in severity. Three SAEs were reported. Only one patient required catheterization post-implant for more than three days. Improvements in clinical parameters such as IPSS, QoL, PVR and Qmax as well as sexual function were observed.

Conclusions
Preliminary results demonstrate that the Urocross Expander System is a feasible and safe procedure for treating BPH/LUTS. A strong signal of efficacy justifies further evaluation of this PRostatic Urethral Expansion (PURE) procedure. Negative features of earlier generations of prostatic implants such as biocompatibility, migrations and encrustation have possibly been overcome.
The antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of cannabinoids in chronic unpredictable stress: a preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Reuveni Noa , Carlson Cole A. , Schwartz Sarah , Meter Diana , Barrett Tyson S. , Freeman Sara M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNeuroscience research presents contradictory evidence in support of both the protective and destructive effects of cannabinoids in depression. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes the existing preclinical literature on the effects of cannabinoid administration in the chronic unpredictable stress model of depression in order to evaluate the effects of cannabinoids and identify gaps in the literature. After protocol registration (PROSPERO #CRD42020219986), we systematically searched Scopus, Embase, Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection, APA PsychINFO, PubMed, CINAHL Complete, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global from the earliest record of the databases, February 1964, to November 2020 for articles that met inclusion criteria (e.g., rodent subjects and administration of a cannabinoid. A total of 26 articles were included representing a sample size estimate of 1132 rodents with the majority of articles administering daily intraperitoneal injections during chronic unpredictable stress. These articles were evaluated using a modified SYRCLE’s risk-of-bias tool. For each continuous behavioral measure, the standardized mean difference was calculated between cannabinoid and vehicle groups in rodents subjected to chronic unpredictable stress. The effects of cannabinoids on depressive-like behavior was evaluated using a multilevel mixed-effects model with effect size weights nested within control groups. Cannabinoid administration moderately improved the pooled negative effects of chronic unpredictable stress on anhedonia, learned helplessness, novelty suppressed feeding, time in the anxiogenic context, and entries into the anxiogenic context. Although the interpretations are limited, these findings suggest that with further investigation, cannabinoids may be a viable long-term treatment for stress-related psychopathologies such as depression.
Effectiveness, immunogenicity, and safety of COVID-19 vaccines for individuals with hematological malignancies: a systematic review
Authors: Piechotta Vanessa , Mellinghoff Sibylle C. , Hirsch Caroline , Brinkmann Alice , Iannizzi Claire , Kreuzberger Nina , Adams Anne , Monsef Ina , Stemler Jannik , Cornely Oliver A. , Bröckelmann Paul J. , Skoetz Nicole 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with hematological malignancies (HM) appears limited due to disease and treatment-associated immune impairment. We conducted a systematic review of prospective studies published from 10/12/2021 onwards in medical databases to assess clinical efficacy parameters, humoral and cellular immunogenicity and adverse events (AE) following two doses of COVID-19 approved vaccines. In 57 eligible studies reporting 7393 patients, clinical outcomes were rarely reported and rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection (range 0–11.9%), symptomatic disease (0–2.7%), hospital admission (0–2.8%), or death (0–0.5%) were low. Seroconversion rates ranged from 38.1–99.1% across studies with the highest response rate in myeloproliferative diseases and the lowest in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Patients with B-cell depleting treatment had lower seroconversion rates as compared to other targeted treatments or chemotherapy. The vaccine-induced T-cell response was rarely and heterogeneously reported (26.5–85.9%). Similarly, AEs were rarely reported (0–50.9% ≥1 AE, 0–7.5% ≥1 serious AE). In conclusion, HM patients present impaired humoral and cellular immune response to COVID-19 vaccination with disease and treatment specific response patterns. In light of the ongoing pandemic with the easing of mitigation strategies, new approaches to avert severe infection are urgently needed for this vulnerable patient population that responds poorly to current COVID-19 vaccine regimens.
Structural and biochemical mechanism for increased infectivity and immune evasion of Omicron BA.2 variant compared to BA.1 and their possible mouse origins
Authors: Xu Youwei , Wu Canrong , Cao Xiaodan , Gu Chunyin , Liu Heng , Jiang Mengting , Wang Xiaoxi , Yuan Qingning , Wu Kai , Liu Jia , Wang Deyi , He Xianqing , Wang Xueping , Deng Su-Jun , Xu H. Eric , Yin Wanchao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Omicron BA.2 variant has become a dominant infective strain worldwide. Receptor binding studies show that the Omicron BA.2 spike trimer exhibits 11-fold and 2-fold higher potency in binding to human ACE2 than the spike trimer from the wildtype (WT) and Omicron BA.1 strains. The structure of the BA.2 spike trimer complexed with human ACE2 reveals that all three receptor-binding domains (RBDs) in the spike trimer are in open conformation, ready for ACE2 binding, thus providing a basis for the increased infectivity of the BA.2 strain. JMB2002, a therapeutic antibody that was shown to efficiently inhibit Omicron BA.1, also shows potent neutralization activities against Omicron BA.2. In addition, both BA.1 and BA.2 spike trimers are able to bind to mouse ACE2 with high potency. In contrast, the WT spike trimer binds well to cat ACE2 but not to mouse ACE2. The structures of both BA.1 and BA.2 spike trimer bound to mouse ACE2 reveal the basis for their high affinity interactions. Together, these results suggest a possible evolution pathway for Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants via a human-cat-mouse-human circle, which could have important implications in establishing an effective strategy for combating SARS-CoV-2 viral infections.