bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steroidogenic Factor 1 Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis of Adult Female Mice
Authors: Smith Olivia E , Roussel Vickie , Morin Fanny , Ongaro Luisina , Zhou Xiang , Bertucci Micka C , Bernard Daniel J , Murphy Bruce D 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe orphan nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1 or NR5A1) is an indispensable regulator of adrenal and gonadal formation, playing roles in sex determination, hypothalamic development, and pituitary function. This study aimed to identify the roles of SF-1 in postnatal female reproductive function. Using a progesterone receptor–driven Cre recombinase, we developed a novel murine model, characterized by conditional depletion of SF-1 [PR-Cre;Nr5a1f/f; conditional knockout (cKO)] in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Mature female cKO were infertile due to the absence of ovulation. Reduced gonadotropin concentrations in the pituitary gland that were nevertheless sufficient to maintain regular estrous cycles were observed in mature cKO females. The cKO ovaries showed abnormal lipid accumulation in the stroma, associated with an irregular expression of cholesterol homeostatic genes such as Star, Scp2, and Acat1. The depletion of SF-1 in granulosa cells prevented appropriate cumulus oöphorus expansion, characterized by reduced expression of Areg, Ereg, and Ptgs2. Exogenous delivery of gonadotropins to cKO females to induce ovulation did not restore fertility and was associated with impaired formation and function of corpora lutea accompanied by reduced expression of the steroidogenic genes Cyp11a1 and Cyp19a1 and attenuated progesterone production. Surgical transplantation of cKO ovaries to ovariectomized control animals (Nr5a1f/f) resulted in 2 separate phenotypes, either sterility or apparently normal fertility. The deletion of SF-1 in the pituitary and in granulosa cells near the moment of ovulation demonstrated that this nuclear receptor functions across the pituitary-gonadal axis and plays essential roles in gonadotropin synthesis, cumulus expansion, and luteinization.
The Frequency and Risk Factors for Acute Kidney Injury in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Anees Muhammad , Farooq Omair` , Raza Muhammad , Mumtaz Asim 
Published: March 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and its underlying risk factors in patients with Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of patients admitted in Covid-19 Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Farooq Hospital, West Wood Branch, Lahore during the period from 1st April, 2020 to 30th June, 2020. COVID-19 was diagnosed on basis of Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) through nasal swab. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected at the time of admission in the hospital. AKI was diagnosed on basis of ≥ 0.3 mg/dl increase in serum Creatinine (sCr) from baseline during the hospital stay. The outcome of study was AKI.
Results: One hundred and seventy-six patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited of which most were males (78.4%). The mean age was 51.26 ± 15.20 years and the frequency of AKI was 51.1%. The risk factors for AKI were increasing age (OR=2.10, p=0.017); presence of COVID-19 symptoms (OR=6.62, p=0.004); prolonged hospital stay (OR=2.26, p=0.011); Diabetes Mellitus (OR=1.81, p=0.057); hypoxemia (OR=5.98, p=0.000); leukocytosis (OR=2.91, p=0.002); lymphopenia (OR=5.77, p=0.000); hypoalbuminemia (OR=4.94, p=0.000); elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR=6.20, p=0.000) and raised D-diamers (OR=3.16, p=0.000).
Conclusions: AKI was present in half of the COVID-19 patients. The most significant risk factors for AKI were increasing age, prolonged hospital stay, hypoxemia, hypoalbuminemia, DM and raised inflammatory markers.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.4980
How to cite this:Anees M, Farooq O, Raza M, Mumtaz A. Frequency and Risk Factors for Acute Kidney Injury in patients with COVID-19. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.4980
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Vitamin B12 in Pregnancy and its Relationship with Maternal BMI and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kanwal Aasia , Bashir Aisha 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To determine the levels of vitamin B12 in pregnant women and to explore the relationship of vitamin B12 with maternal BMI and gestational diabetes mellitus.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Physiology, UHS, Lahore from February 2019 to March 2020. Ninety pregnant women in early third trimester of pregnancy were selected. Forty-five women had gestational diabetes and forty-five were healthy pregnant women. Serum vitamin B12 and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were determined by ELISA and glucose oxidase method respectively. 1st trimester BMI was also recorded. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data.
Results: Serum vitamin B12 was significantly lower in GDM group (149.41±13.66) as compared to non-GDM group (357.49±42.07). BMI was significantly higher in GDM group (32.94±2.10) as compared to non-GDM group (23.52±1.83). Significant negative correlation (-0.78**) was observed between 1st trimester BMI and vitamin B12 in late pregnancy. Regression analysis revealed that high BMI was associated with decrease in vitamin B12 and increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (3.26***). Moreover, vitamin B12 was partially mediating the relationship between BMI and FBG.
Conclusion: Low vitamin B12 levels have an association with maternal BMI and gestational diabetes mellitus.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5120
How to cite this:Kanwal A, Bashir A. Vitamin B12 in Pregnancy and its Relationship with Maternal BMI and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5120
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Ex-vivo experimental strategies for assessing unconstrained shoulder biomechanics: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Genter Jeremy , Croci Eleonora , Ewald Hannah , Müller Andreas M. , Mündermann Annegret , Baumgartner Daniel 
Published: March 2022

Background: Shoulder biomechanics cannot be measured directly in living persons. While different glenohumeral joint simulators have been developed to investigate the role of the glenohumeral muscles in shoulder biomechanics, a standard for these simulators has not been defined. With this scoping review we want to describe available ex-vivo experimental strategies for assessing unconstrained shoulder biomechanics. Objective: The scoping review aims at identifying methodological and/or experimental studies describing or involving ex-vivo simulators that assess unconstrained shoulder biomechanics and synthesizing their strengths and limitations. Inclusion criteria: All unconstrained glenohumeral joint simulators published in connection with ex-vivo or mechanical simulation experiments will be included. Studies on glenohumeral simulators with active components to mimic the muscles will be included. We will exclude studies where the experiment is static or the motion is induced through an external guide, e.g., a robotic device. Methods: We will perform database searching in PubMed, Embase via Elsevier and Web of Science. Two reviewers will independently assess full texts of selected abstracts. Direct backward and forward citation tracking on included articles will be conducted. We will narratively synthesize the results and derive recommendations for designing ex-vivo simulators for assessing unconstrained shoulder biomechanics.
The improvement of inflammatory markers and disease progression among moderate, severe, and critical COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study from two second referral hospitals in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Romadhon Pradana Zaky , Bintoro Siprianus Ugroseno Yudho , Suryantoro Satriyo Dwi , Asmarawati Tri Pudy , Nur Rosyid Alfian , Savitri Merlyna , Amrita Putu Niken Ayu , Diansyah Muhammad Noor , Prayoga Ami Ashariati , Windradi Choirina , Mahdi Bagus Aulia , Widiyastuti Krisnina Nurul , Novendrianto Dwiki , Agustin Esthiningrum Dewi , Alkaff Firas Farisi , Prahasanti Kartika , Dewanto Didi Darmahadi 
Published: March 2022

Background: To date, coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) has no definitive treatment. Thrombosis and hypercoagulation may occur in the advanced stage. Further study on how to use anticoagulants is still required to promote the best prognosis. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 110 moderate, 140 severe, and 81 critical patients receiving unfractioned heparin (UFH), low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), and fondaparinux was conducted. Data were collected from March 15th to August 31st 2020 at Universitas Airlangga and Husada Utama Hospital. A comparative study of white blood cell (WBC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), c-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), D-dimer, all-cause mortality rate, length of stay, and days of death among three severities of COVID-19 was done. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to determine the correlation between inflammatory state after anti-coagulant with patients’ mortality. Results: Two deaths occurred in moderate cases, 36 deaths in severe cases, and 70 deaths in critical cases on ventilators. On day 13, moderate and severe groups showed decreased WBC, neutrophils, NLR, CRP, and D-dimer (p < 0.05). NLR, CRP, and D-dimer (p<0.05) in critically ill and ventilated patients decreased. Day-13 evaluation revealed 32.73% decrease of inflammatory markers in moderate group; 32.86% in severe patients; and 16.05% in critically ill, ventilated patients. A significant correlation between day 13 inflammatory status with mortality was seen in moderate and critical cases with a ventilator (r=0.337; p< 0.05 and r=0.25; p 0.05). Inflammatory profile on day 6 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.36; p < 0.05) and day 13 ([aOR] = 4.15; p < 0.05) was associated with patients’ mortality. Conclusions: Anticoagulants in COVID-19 patients lower inflammation markers. Evaluating inflammatory status is essential to predict the mortality. Inflammatory markers on day 13, based on the severity of COVID-19 and comorbidities, were associated with mortality in moderate and critical cases.
História e seu ensino no Espírito Santo: entre rupturas, permanências e resistências
Authors: Frechiani Bitte Regina Celi , Dos Santos Sonia Maria 
Published: March 2022

O presente artigo tem por objeto de análise a história do ensino de história com recorte temporal entre os anos de 1970 a 1990 no estado do Espírito Santo (ES) e objetiva identificar e compreender as rupturas e permanências neste ensino nas Propostas Curriculares do estado. Assim, buscamos entabular um diálogo com autores que abordam o ensino de História no Brasil como Bittencourt (2004, 2010) e Fonseca (2012), bem como com teses e dissertações da Biblioteca da UFES e do IFES de Vitória, no ES. O estudo aponta nuanças nas Propostas Curriculares do ES em consonância com a conjuntura maior no Brasil. Sinaliza, também, a resistência dos professores frente aos documentos normatizadores produzidos na noosfera.
Neonatal sepsis due to Coxsackievirus B3 complicated by liver failure and pulmonary hemorrhage
Authors: Thach Rasmey , Gitto Lorenzo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a single-stranded RNA included in the “Human Enterovirus B” category associated with multiple, even severe, health issues in humans. Newborns are at risk of life-threatening conditions due to enteroviral infections. In newborns, the infection can be transmitted vertically, intrapartum or postpartum, and potentially through breast milk. Neonatal sepsis may result in severe complications, such as liver failure and pulmonary hemorrhage, with subsequent death.

Case presentation
A male newborn was admitted to the emergency department with fever, generalized hypotonia, hypo-reactivity to external stimuli, multiple episodes of apnea and desaturation, and metabolic acidosis. Laboratory studies revealed disseminated intravascular coagulation, and evidence of progressive multiorgan failure. Polymerase chain reaction performed on specimens collected at the time of admission returned positive for Enterovirus, specifically Coxsackievirus B3 VP1 gene. The patient eventually succumbed after several days due to severe sepsis, despite aggressive treatment with immunoglobulins and Pleconaril. An autopsy revealed hemorrhage in the lung, liver, heart, and gastric mucosa.

Conclusions
Enteroviral neonatal infections should be included in the differential diagnosis of a newborn presenting with fever, failure to thrive, and hyporeactivity, especially if symptoms arise during the classic CVB3 season. Maternal medical history should be reviewed for any possible febrile symptoms associated with a recent enterovirus infection. Aggressive treatment with immunoglobulins and, if available, Pleconaril could effectively treat the infection.
Modification of PVC/CPE Blends with Coupling Agent and its Mechanism
Authors: Song C. , Li K. , Li S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this thesis, the modification of PVC/CPE blends was investigated. Addition of aromatic diamines into PVC/CPE blends as a coupling agent, greatly increases the impact strength of the blends. At the same time, other mechanical properties such as the tensile and bending strength can be improved as well.
With the aid of solvent etching, the multiphase microstructure of the blends has been studied using a scanning electron microscope. The relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties of the blends has been discussed.
It was shown that there were coupling and crosslinking reactions in the blends with coupling agents. The concentration of the reacted coupling agent was related to the mechanical properties of the blends quantitatively.
Using probability methods, the concentration of the coupled molecules formed in the blends can be calculated. The influence of the ratio of PVC to CPE on the coupling effectiveness can be predicted.
Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Material Synthesis by on Line Coupling Twin Screw Extruder with a Microwave Oven
Authors: Jiguet S. , Bounor-Legaré V. , Melis F. , Michel A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A new process for elaborating continuously organic-inorganic hybrid materials by reactive extrusion is presented. This synthesis consists in formulating a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA)/tetrapropoxysilane (TPOS or Si(OC3H7)4)/catalyst blend by a corotating twin screw extruder followed by two successive reaction steps: on line microwave crosslinking reaction and hydrolysis-condensation reactions leading to a silica network cografted onto the organic matrix.
Extrusion feed rate (Q), temperature, microwave oven power (P), and microwave curing time (tmw) were studied. Crosslinking density was evaluated before and after hydrolysis-condensation reactions and compared with the previous results obtained in static conditions. These materials tailored by an on line process present a permanent elasticity at high temperature (up to 200 °C) and a certain optical transparency. This new approach offers the possibility to synthesize massive samples based on organic-inorganic hybrid material.
Water Penetration Stability in Water Assisted Injection Molded Symmetric Ribs
Authors: Liu S.-J. , Wu Y.-C. , Lai P.-C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWater assisted injection molding technology has received extensive attention in recent years, due to its light weight, relatively lower resin cost per part, faster cycle time, and its flexibility in the design and manufacture of plastic parts. However, there are still some unsolved problems that confound the overall success of this technology. Unstable water penetration in molded symmetric channels is one of them. This report was to study the water penetration behavior in the water assisted injection molded symmetric cavity. Experiments were carried out on an 80-ton injection-molding machine equipped with a water injection unit. A plate cavity with symmetric water channels was used. The materials used were amorphous polystyrene and semi-crystalline polypropylene. Various processing variables were studied in terms of their influence on the water penetration behavior inside the symmetric parts: melt temperature, mold temperature, melt fill speed and fill pressure, short-shot size, water temperature and water pressure, and water injection delay time and water hold time. The effect of channel layout was also investigated. Tapered channels were found to mold parts with better penetration stability than flat channels. In addition, the penetration behaviors of water and gas in molded symmetric parts were also compared. The experimental results suggested that water penetration stability is more stable than that of gas in molded symmetric parts.
Simultaneous Biaxial Stretching of Polypropylene Resins of Varying Tacticity
Authors: Capt L. , Rettenberger S. , Münstedt H. , Kamal M. R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe simultaneous biaxial stretching behavior of three Ziegler-Natta-based isotactic polypropylene resins of varying isotacticity was studied using a laboratory film stretcher that simulates closely stretching conditions encountered in the commercial process. The effect of isotacticity on the final morphology and end film properties was associated with the effect of isotacticity on the thermal properties of the resin. The results showed that the degree of undermelting, △Tum= Tm–T, determines the phase composition of the polymer before stretching and the morphology and orientation of the stretched films. The size and orientation of the crystallites in the stretching plane is mostly determined by the degree of undermelting. The elongation at break was correlated with the residual crystallinity of the film before stretching, and the elastic modulus was correlated with the final degree of crystallinity and the density of tie chains.
Ökumenischer Lagebericht 2021 Orthodoxie
Authors: Heller Dagmar 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Artikel versucht, einen Überblick über die derzeitige Situation der Orthodoxie (sowohl byzantinisch-orthodoxe als auch orientalische Kirchen) zu geben. In der byzantinischen Orthodoxie besteht seit 2019 ein einseitiges Schisma, das sich auch auf die ökumenischen – vor allem bilateralen – Beziehungen auswirkt. Gleichzeitig gibt es aber auch ökumenische Aufbrüche in der Diaspora. Von den 6 orientalisch-orthodoxen Kirchen sind vier von kriegerischen Konflikten in ihren Mutterländern betroffen. Exemplarisch stellt der Artikel die Situation der Armenisch-Orthodoxen Kirche mit dem Konflikt um Berg-Karabach dar sowie die Äthiopisch-Orthodoxe Tewahedo Kirche.
Fretting fatigue of carbon steels in the high cycle fatigue regime
Authors: Neuner Frank Christian , Nützel Ralf , Höppel Heinz-Werner 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fretting fatigue can be a serious problem for many engineering applications. Relative motions between components in contact can generate surface and subsurface damage, which leads to failure of the component. Hence, it is very reason that the microstructural condition strongly influences the so-called fretting fatigue behaviour. Nevertheless, the microstructural influence on the fretting fatigue behaviour has not been very well investigated up to now. To investigate systematically the influence of specific microstructural parameters on the fretting fatigue behaviour, a broad variety of different iron-base materials were selected for this study. Based on a variation of the grain size and of the ferrite /pearlite morphologies, a detailed understanding of microstructural, effects on the fretting fatigue behaviour can be derived. In general, a reduction of the fatigue life compared to uniaxial fatigue tests by up to 50 %, depending on the respective microstructure, normal load and strain amplitude, was observed.
Ausbreitungsverhalten kurzer Risse in Magnesiumwerkstoffen
Authors: Biallas Gerhard , Maier Hans Jürgen , Essert Mark , Gall Kenneth A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In der Magnesiumdruckgusslegierung AM60B sind kurze Risse bei Spannungsintensitäten unterhalb des Schwellenwertes für lange Risse und teilweise sogar unterhalb des effektiven Schwellenwertes ausbreitungsfähig. Wechselwirkungen zwischen Mikrostruktur und Ausbreitungsverhalten wurden auch noch bei Rissen einer Größe von mehr als 0,4 mm beobachtet. Im Bereich der Dendritengrenzen, die aus aluminiumreicherer α-Phase und der β-Phase Al12Mg17 bestehen, und in der Umgebung intermetallischer Phasen vom Typ AlMnSi wurde auch das Wachstum von Rissen dieser Größenordnung noch verlangsamt und teilweise sogar gestoppt. Bei vergleichbaren Rissgrößen und Spannungsintensitäten waren die mittleren Wachstumsraten deutlich größer als in Aluminiumdruckguss.
Zerstörungsfreie Messmethoden am Hahn-Meitner-Institut
Authors: Manke Ingo , Kardjilov Nikolay , Schneider Rainer , Haibel Astrid , Denker Andrea , Rack Alexander , Hilger André , García-Moreno Francisco , Banhart John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Die Eigenspannungen im Inneren eines mechanischen Bauteils sichtbar zu machen oder die verborgene innere Struktur eines Objekts auf den Mikrometer genau zu studieren, sind nur zwei Beispiele für den Einsatz zerstörungsfreier Messmethoden am Hahn-Meitner-Institut (HMI) in Berlin. An dieser Stelle sollen einige der wichtigsten davon sowie ihre Anwendungsfelder vorgestellt werden.
On the effects of rough ground and atmospheric absorption on aircraft noise
Authors: Campos Luiz Manuel Braga da Costa , dos Santos Silva Manuel José , de Sousa Oliveira João Manuel Gonçalves 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The noise received from an aircraft is modified by atmospheric attenuation and reflections from the ground. The interference of direct and reflected waves is simplest for a flat ground, whereas multiple reflections can occur for rough ground or mountainous surroundings. The ground characteristics, like reflection and absorption factors or impedance, also affect the received sound. All these effects have to be considered with respect to the path of the aircraft. Most of the literature about ground effects on aircraft noise considers a point source over a flat ground, using the method of images, that does not extend readily to rough ground. The effect of rough ground on aircraft noise can be modelled by: (i) identification of reflection points (there may be several points); (ii) use of a complex reflection coefficient (with amplitude and phase changes) at each reflection point; (iii) adding all reflected waves within line-of-sight of the receiver, that is not blocked by terrain (there is no blockage for a flat ground).
Measurement of Deformed Aluminum Layer of Bond Pads in Cu-Wire Bonded Integrated Circuit Devices Using a Etching Approach
Authors: Premkumar Jeromerajan , Srikanth Narasimalu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the copper ball bond process, aluminum squeezes out under the ball deformation process since it is softer than copper. The final thickness of the copper ball decides the overall strength of the bond and hence knowledge of its final thickness helps to optimize the ball bond force during the bonding process. An etching method is developed for the analysis of the squeezed aluminum beneath the copper wire ball bond. The aluminum remnant obtained from the etching method is compared with that from the conventional cross-section method. It was found that the results are comparable and the present developed etched method is simple and elegant.