bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
100 Million-year-old straight-jawed lacewing larvae with enormously inflated trunks represent the oldest cases of extreme physogastry in insects
Authors: Haug Joachim T. , Haug Carolin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPhysogastry is a phenomenon occurring in Euarthropoda and describes an extreme inflation of (parts of) the trunk. It is best known from ticks, termite queens, or honey-pot ants, but can also be found in several other representatives of Euarthropoda. Physogastry has so far rarely been seen in the fossil record. We describe here an example of physogastry in two lacewing larvae (Neuroptera) enclosed in a single piece of Kachin amber (ca. 100 Ma old). We measured head and trunk ratios of different physogastric and non-physogastric representatives of Euarthropoda. Plotting these ratios shows that the new larvae, which display quite extremely inflated trunks, are very similar to ticks or honey-pot ants, but also to certain lacewing larvae of the group Berothidae (beaded lacewings). Outline analysis of head capsule and mouthparts (stylets) further suggests a position within Berothidae. Physogastry is presumed to be linked with living in confined spaces such as wood galleries or soil. Indeed, at least some larvae of Berothidae are known to live inside termite nests for part of their larval life phase, a habit the new larvae may also have had. The new record represents the oldest case of extreme physogastry in insects known to date.
Ordering and topological defects in social wasps’ nests
Authors: Krishna Shivani , Gopinath Apoorva , Bhattacharjee Somendra M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSocial insects have evolved a variety of architectural formations. Bees and wasps are well known for their ability to achieve compact structures by building hexagonal cells.Polistes wattii, an open nesting paper wasp species, builds planar hexagonal structures. Here, using the pair correlation function approach, we show that their nests exhibit short-range hexagonal order (no long-range order) akin to amorphous materials. Hexagonal orientational order was well preserved globally. We also show the presence of topological defects such as dislocations (pentagon-heptagon disclination pairs) and Stone-Wales quadrupoles, and discuss how these defects were organised in the nest, thereby restoring order. Furthermore, we suggest the possible role of such defects in shaping nesting architectures of other social insect species.
Expression of antioxidant enzymes in lesions of multiple sclerosis and its models
Authors: Moezzi Dorsa , Dong Yifei , Jain Rajiv W. , Lozinski Brian M. , Ghorbani Samira , D’Mello Charlotte , Wee Yong V. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOxidative stress promotes tissue injury in the central nervous system in neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). To protect against this, antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), peroxiredoxin-5 (PRDX5) and glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4) may be upregulated. However, whether antioxidant enzyme elevation in mouse models of neurodegeneration corresponds to their expression in human diseases such as MS requires investigation. Here, we analyzed and compared the expression of SOD1, HO-1, PRDX5 and GPX4 in the murine spinal cord of three models of MS: focal lesions induced by (1) oxidized phosphatidylcholine or (2) lysophosphatidylcholine (lysolecithin), and (3) diffuse lesions of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Notably, CD68+ microglia/macrophages were the predominant cellular populations that expressed the highest levels of the detected antioxidant enzymes. Overall, the expression patterns of antioxidant enzymes across the models were similar. The increase of these antioxidant enzymes was corroborated in MS brain tissue using spatial RNA sequencing. Collectively, these results show that antioxidant capacity is relatively conserved between mouse models and MS lesions, and suggest a need to investigate whether the antioxidant elevation in microglia/macrophages is a protective response during oxidative injury, neurodegeneration, and MS.
Biocompatibility of novel albumin-aldehyde surgical adhesive
Authors: Szymanski Lukasz , Gołaszewska Kamila , Wiatrowska Anna , Dropik Monika , Krakowiak Patrycja , Małkowska Justyna , Matak Damian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMany medical procedures could benefit from the use of tissue sealants which allow for reduced surgery time, limited blood loss, easier tissue handling, and fewer postoperative complications. The safety and biocompatibility of surgical sealants are of paramount importance therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the biocompatibility of NE’X Glue Surgical Adhesive. Chemical characterization (VOC and elements), cytotoxicity (MEM elution), genotoxicity (AMES and MLA), endotoxin contamination, sensitization potential, intracutaneous reactivity, acute and subchronic systemic toxicity with implantation as well as pyrogenicity were evaluated to investigate the biocompatibility of the NE’X Glue Surgical Adhesive. Studies were conducted according to ISO 10993 standards. The biocompatibility requirements with accordance to ISO 10993-1 for NE'X Glue were met. In vitro studies showed that NE'X Glue surgical adhesive is non-cytotoxic and non-mutagenic. Also, in vivo studies demonstrated that NE'X Glue shows no signs of toxicity, has no pyrogenic potential, and is non-sensitizing and non-irritating. The chemical characterization showed that no compounds were identified above Analytical Evaluation Threshold (AET), and no elements with concentrations higher than element-specific PDE (µg/day) were detected. NE'X Glue Surgical Adhesive is a versatile and promising new surgical sealant with a wide range of potential applications and very good biocompatibility.
Cooperative phenotype predicts climate change belief and pro-environmental behaviour
Authors: Claessens Scott , Kelly Daniel , Sibley Chris G. , Chaudhuri Ananish , Atkinson Quentin D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the psychological causes of variation in climate change belief and pro-environmental behaviour remains an urgent challenge for the social sciences. The “cooperative phenotype” is a stable psychological preference for cooperating in social dilemmas that involve a tension between individual and collective interest. Since climate change poses a social dilemma on a global scale, this issue may evoke similar psychological processes as smaller social dilemmas. Here, we investigate the relationships between the cooperative phenotype and climate change belief and behaviour with a representative sample of New Zealanders (N = 897). By linking behaviour in a suite of economic games to self-reported climate attitudes, we show robust positive associations between the cooperative phenotype and both climate change belief and pro-environmental behaviour. Furthermore, our structural equation models support a motivated reasoning account in which the relationship between the cooperative phenotype and pro-environmental behaviour is mediated by climate change belief. These findings suggest that common psychological mechanisms underlie cooperation in both micro-scale social dilemmas and larger-scale social dilemmas like climate change.
Carrier dynamics in (Ga,In)(Sb,Bi)/GaSb quantum wells for laser applications in the mid-infrared spectral range
Authors: Rogowicz E. , Kopaczek J. , Polak M. P. , Delorme O. , Cerutti L. , Tournié E. , Rodriguez J.-B. , Kudrawiec R. , Syperek M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe present experimental studies on low-temperature ($$T={4.2}\hbox { K}$$

T
=

4.2

K

) carrier dynamics in (Ga,In)(Sb,Bi)/GaSb quantum wells (QWs) with the nominal In content of 3.7% and the Bi ranging from 6 to 8%. The photoreflectance experiment revealed the QW bandgap evolution with $$-{33}\pm {1}\hbox { meV}/\hbox {at}$$

-
33
±
1

meV
/
at

% Bi, which resulted in the bandgap tunability roughly between 629 and $${578}\hbox { meV}$$

578

meV

, setting up the photon emission wavelength between 1.97 and $${2.2}\,\upmu \hbox {m}$$

2.2

μ
m

. The photoluminescence experiment showed a relatively small 3–10$$\hbox { meV}$$

meV

Stokes shift regarding the fundamental QW absorption edge, indicating the exciton localisation beneath the QW mobility edge. The localised state’s distribution, being the origin of the PL, determined carrier dynamics in the QWs probed directly by the time-resolved photoluminescence and transient reflectivity. The intraband carrier relaxation time to the QW ground state, following the non-resonant excitation, occurred within 3–25$$\hbox { ps}$$

ps

and was nearly independent of the Bi content. However, the interband relaxation showed a strong time dispersion across the PL emission band and ranging nearly between 150 and $${950}\hbox { ps}$$

950

ps

, indicating the carrier transfer among the localised state’s distribution. Furthermore, the estimated linear dispersion variation parameter significantly decreased from $$\Delta \tau \approx {20}$$

Δ
τ
≈
20

to $${10}\hbox { ps}/\hbox {meV}$$

10

ps
/
meV

with increasing the Bi content, manifested the increasing role of the non-radiative recombination processes with Bi in the QWs.
Strong interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya induced in Co due to contact with NiO
Authors: Kowacz M. , Mazalski P. , Sveklo I. , Matczak M. , Anastaziak B. , Guzowska U. , Dhiman A. K. , Madej E. , Maziewski A. , Kuświk P. , Gieniusz R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe magnetic properties of NiO/Co/Pt as a function of Co layer thickness were investigated by polar magneto-optical Kerr effect (PMOKE) (magnetometry and microscopy) and Brillouin Light Scattering (BLS) spectroscopy. PMOKE measurements revealed strong surface anisotropy (1.8 mJ/m2) favoring perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and asymmetric domain wall propagation explained by anticlockwise chirality. BLS measurements show that this chirality is induced by strong interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (+ 2.0 pJ/m). This is one of the highest values reported so far for Co layers surrounded by different layers. The observed chirality is opposite to what has been found in Co/oxide interfaces. These results and data published earlier, indicate that the strength of interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction increases with the amount of stoichiometric NiO. Therefore, this work shows that NiO is the source of the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction.
The method of lines extension for the analysis of multilayered graphene-loaded structures in cylindrical coordinates
Authors: Mehrdadian Ali , Forooraghi Keyvan , Bideskan Mehri Ziaee 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper the extended method of lines (E-MoL) is proposed for the analysis of multilayer graphene-loaded three dimensional structures in cylindrical coordinates. Accordingly, the impedance and admittance matrices are defined as the ratios of the electric and magnetic fields at each plane of the stack. The impedance and admittance parameters are transformed from the input to the output of the structure through layers and interfaces, from which, the scattering parameters are extracted. It is assumed that there is an anisotropic graphene layer at the interface of two successive layers. The impedance and admittance transformations at the interfaces are extracted in the cylindrical coordinates. Then the impedance and admittance values at all planes of the stack and consequently, the scattering parameters of the whole structure are derived. To validate the presented method, two validation benchmarks are provided at the microwave frequency band. A circular waveguide and a coaxial cable loaded with graphene plates are analyzed and the results are compared with those of CST simulation software which show good accordance. It is observed that the E-MoL, as a semi-analytical semi-numerical method, is much more time-efficient than the CST software numerical procedure.
Synthesis of innovative triphenylamine-functionalized organic photosensitizers outperformed the benchmark dye N719 for high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Badawy Safa A. , Abdel-Latif Ehab , Fadda Ahmed A. , Elmorsy Mohamed R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHerein, we present a thorough photovoltaic investigation of four triphenylamine organic sensitizers with D–π–A configurations and compare their photovoltaic performances to the conventional ruthenium-based sensitizer N719. SFA-5–8 are synthesized and utilized as sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) applications. The effects of the donor unit (triphenylamine), π-conjugation bridge (thiophene ring), and various acceptors (phenylacetonitrile and 2-cyanoacetamide derivatives) were investigated. Moreover, this was asserted by profound calculations of HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) and LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) energy levels, the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), and natural bond orbital (NBO) that had been studied for the TPA-sensitizers. Theoretical density functional theory (DFT) was performed to study the distribution of electron density between donor and acceptor moieties. The sensitization by the absorption of sensitizers SFA-5–8 leads to an obvious enhancement in the visible light absorption (300–750 nm) as well as a higher photovoltaic efficiency in the range of (5.53–7.56%). Under optimized conditions, SFA-7 showed outstanding sensitization of nanocrystalline TiO2, resulting in enhancing the visible light absorption and upgrading the power conversion efficiency (PCE) to approximately 7.56% over that reported for the N719 (7.29%). Remarkably, SFA-7 outperformed N719 by 4% in the total conversion efficiency. Significantly, the superior performance of SFA-7 could be mainly ascribed to the higher short-circuit photocurrents (Jsc) in parallel with larger open-circuit voltages (Voc) and more importantly, the presence of different anchoring moieties that could enhance the ability to fill the gaps on the surface of the TiO2 semiconductor. That could be largely reflected in the overall enhancement in the device efficiency. Moreover, the theoretical electronic and photovoltaic properties of all studied sensitizers have been compared with experimental results. All the 2-cyanoacrylamide derivative sensitizers demonstrated robust photovoltaic performance.
Analytical solutions of PDEs by unique polynomials for peristaltic flow of heated Rabinowitsch fluid through an elliptic duct
Authors: Akhtar Salman , Shahzad Muhammad Hasnain , Nadeem Sohail , Awan Aziz Ullah , Almutairi Shahah , Ghazwani Hassan Ali , Sayed Mohamed Mahmoud 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this research, we have considered the convective heat transfer analysis on peristaltic flow of Rabinowitsch fluid through an elliptical cross section duct. The Pseudoplastic and Dilatant characteristics of non-Newtonian fluid flow are analyzed in detail. The Rabinowitsch fluid model shows Pseudoplastic fluid nature for $$\sigma > 0$$

σ
>
0

and Dilatant fluid behaviour for $$\sigma < 0.$$

σ
<
0
.

The governing equations are transformed to dimensionless form after substituting pertinent parameters and by applying the long wavelength approximation. The non-dimensional momentum and energy equations are solved analytically to obtain the exact velocity and exact temperature solutions of the flow. A novel polynomial of order six having ten constants is introduced first time in this study to solve the energy equation exactly for Rabinowitsch fluid flow through an elliptic domain. The analytically acquired solutions are studied graphically for the effective analysis of the flow. The flow is found to diminish quickly in the surrounding conduit boundary for Dilatant fluid as compared to the Pseudoplastic fluid. The temperature depicted the opposite nature for Pseudoplastic and Dilatant fluids. The flow is examined to plot the streamlines for both Pseudoplastic and Dilatant fluids by rising the flow rate.
High prevalence of mgrB-mediated colistin resistance among carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is associated with biofilm formation, and can be overcome by colistin-EDTA combination therapy
Authors: Shein Aye Mya Sithu , Wannigama Dhammika Leshan , Higgins Paul G. , Hurst Cameron , Abe Shuichi , Hongsing Parichart , Chantaravisoot Naphat , Saethang Thammakorn , Luk-in Sirirat , Liao Tingting , Nilgate Sumanee , Rirerm Ubolrat , Kueakulpattana Naris , Srisakul Sukrit , Aryukarn Apichaya , Laowansiri Matchima , Hao Lee Yin , Yonpiam Manta , Ragupathi Naveen Kumar Devanga , Techawiwattanaboon Teerasit , Ngamwongsatit Natharin , Amarasiri Mohan , Ounjai Puey , Kupwiwat Rosalyn , Phattharapornjaroen Phatthranit , Badavath Vishnu Nayak , Leelahavanichkul Asada , Kicic Anthony , Chatsuwan Tanittha 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe global prevalence of colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (ColRkp) facilitated by chromosomal and plasmid-mediated Ara4N or PEtN-remodeled LPS alterations has steadily increased with increased colistin usage for treating carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRkp). Our study demonstrated the rising trend of ColRkp showing extensively and pandrug-resistant characteristics among CRkp, with a prevalence of 28.5%, which was mediated by chromosomal mgrB, pmrB, or phoQ mutations (91.5%), and plasmid-mediated mcr-1.1, mcr-8.1, mcr-8.2 alone or in conjunction with R256G PmrB (8.5%). Several genetic alterations in mgrB (85.1%) with increased expressions of Ara4N-related phoPQ and pmrK were critical for establishing colistin resistance in our isolates. In this study, we discovered the significant associations between extensively drug-resistant bacteria (XDR) and pandrug-resistant bacteria (PDR) ColRkp in terms of moderate, weak or no biofilm-producing abilities, and altered expressions of virulence factors. These ColRkp would therefore be very challenging to treat, emphasizing for innovative therapy to combat these infections. Regardless of the underlying colistin-resistant mechanisms, colistin-EDTA combination therapy in this study produced potent synergistic effects in both in vitro and in vivo murine bacteremia, with no ColRkp regrowth and improved animal survival, implying the significance of colistin-EDTA combination therapy as systemic therapy for unlocking colistin resistance in ColRkp-associated bacteremia.
Prediction algorithm for ICU mortality and length of stay using machine learning
Authors: Iwase Shinya , Nakada Taka-aki , Shimada Tadanaga , Oami Takehiko , Shimazui Takashi , Takahashi Nozomi , Yamabe Jun , Yamao Yasuo , Kawakami Eiryo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMachine learning can predict outcomes and determine variables contributing to precise prediction, and can thus classify patients with different risk factors of outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the predictive accuracy for mortality and length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU) patients using machine learning, and to identify the variables contributing to the precise prediction or classification of patients. Patients (n = 12,747) admitted to the ICU at Chiba University Hospital were randomly assigned to the training and test cohorts. After learning using the variables on admission in the training cohort, the area under the curve (AUC) was analyzed in the test cohort to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the supervised machine learning classifiers, including random forest (RF) for outcomes (primary outcome, mortality; secondary outcome, length of ICU stay). The rank of the variables that contributed to the machine learning prediction was confirmed, and cluster analysis of the patients with risk factors of mortality was performed to identify the important variables associated with patient outcomes. Machine learning using RF revealed a high predictive value for mortality, with an AUC of 0.945 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.922–0.977). In addition, RF showed high predictive value for short and long ICU stays, with AUCs of 0.881 (95% CI 0.876–0.908) and 0.889 (95% CI 0.849–0.936), respectively. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was identified as a variable contributing to the precise prediction in machine learning for both mortality and length of ICU stay. LDH was also identified as a contributing variable to classify patients into sub-populations based on different risk factors of mortality. The machine learning algorithm could predict mortality and length of stay in ICU patients with high accuracy. LDH was identified as a contributing variable in mortality and length of ICU stay prediction and could be used to classify patients based on mortality risk.
Solid-state bonding behavior between surface-nanostructured Cu and Au: a molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Tatsumi Hiroaki , Kao C. R. , Nishikawa Hiroshi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn recent years, solid-state bonding has attracted attention for various electronic packaging applications as an alternative to conventional solders. Surface-nanostructured materials enable solid-state bonding without complex surface modifications and operate at a low bonding temperature and pressure. Therefore, in this study, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate the solid-state bonding behavior between surface-nanostructured Cu and Au, with a focus on diffusion phenomena. A periodic ligament-cavity nanostructured Cu (NS-Cu) model was prepared at the bonding interface between Cu and Au slabs. The simulation results indicated that the larger the specific surface area of NS-Cu, the faster the densification at the bonding interface. Atomic displacement analysis showed that rapid densification occurred via the displacement of Cu and Au atoms in the vicinity of NS-Cu. The preferential diffusion of atoms along NS-Cu cavities contributed to this phenomenon. At this stage of densification, the diffusion coefficients were higher than the surface diffusion coefficients estimated based on literature, which indicates that this behavior is specific to surface-nanostructured materials. The highly disordered atomic arrangement at the bonding interface enabled significant atomic diffusion. Therefore, this study confirmed that the use of surface-nanostructured materials would contribute to a promising bonding technology for application in electronics.
High-performance Mach–Zehnder modulator using tailored plasma dispersion effects in an ITO/graphene-based waveguide
Authors: Mohammadi-Pouyan Sohrab , Bahadori-Haghighi Shahram , Heidari Mohsen , Abbott Derek 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA high-performance electro-optic Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) with outstanding characteristics is proposed. The MZM is in a push-pull configuration that is constructed using an ITO/graphene-based silicon waveguide. A novel idea for engineering of the plasma dispersion effect in an ITO/graphene-based waveguide is proposed so that the modulation characteristics of the MZM are highly improved. Plasma dispersion effects of ITO and graphene layers are tailored in such a way that a large difference between real parts of guided mode effective index of the two arms is achieved while their corresponding imaginary parts are equal. As a result, a very low $${{\mathrm {V}}}_{\pi }L_{\pi }$$

V
π

L
π

of $$10 \, \hbox {V} \upmu \hbox {m}$$

10

V
μ
m

is achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the lowest $${{\mathrm {V}}}_{\pi }L_{\pi }$$

V
π

L
π

reported for an electro-optic modulator. In addition, the proposed modulator exhibits a very high extinction ratio of more than 30 dB, low insertion loss of 2.8 dB and energy consumption of as low as 10 fJ/bit, which are all promising for optical communication and processing systems.