bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ESCAPING FROM SELF” AND REBUILDING IDENTITY
Authors: GAVRILUŢĂ NICU 
Published: January 2022

This article proposes an understanding of the issue of personal / social identity as the result of binary choices such as yes or no. They make up a fractal complex of our own lives. Depending on these choices, each of us builds and rebuilds our life, but also our own identity. Some of the hypostases of our identity are quantifiable and captured by empirical sociological analyzes. I illustrated the idea with the results of field sociological research on European identity from 2015-1017. This classic identity - focused on social representations of country, language, religion, family and national culture - is reconfigured as a result of „self-escape” (David Le Breton) and the magic of new technologies. The escape into the white space of the virtual world is often accompanied by the reconfiguration of otherness by identifying with social otherness in the guise of radical religious movements or classical religious denominations. To all these challenges and problems that appeared as a result of the recomposition of the identity, we also proposed a series of solutions.
REONTOLOGIZATION OF RELIGIOUS IDENTITY IN THE LIQUID AND GLOBAL WORLD
Authors: DURA IOAN 
Published: January 2022

In this article, I intend to highlight the fact that the realities that are being recorded at the morphological level of contemporary societies (the phenomenon of migration, wars, the dynamics of mobility and communication, the economic pace, the health crisis generated by Covid-19) are bringing to the fore the redefinition of religious identity. What is undeniably clear is that Western societies have become an ethnic and religious mosaic, a diversity that requires specific regulations in terms of norms in order to avoid conflict. However, this ethno-religious diversity also calls for an interpretation of the relationship between identities. The aim of my analysis is to argue as to whether or not religious identity is an inflexible, immobile reality, static in its representativeness towards and in relation to other identities representing different religious cultures. In this respect, I will insist on the role that migration plays in the construction of religious identity. Is religious identity decomposing in the context of the liquid flow of global society? Are the boundaries of such an identity, as structures of individual, social, cultural validation, desubstantiated in the daily experience of religious diversity and in the dynamics of current societal transformations?
IDENTITIES AND CRISES. THE SOCIAL WORKER, A PROFESSIONAL OF SOCIAL INTERVENTION
Authors: PALAGHIA CARMEN 
Published: January 2022

The global crisis caused by the spread of COVID-19 disease is a difficult period for humanity, apart from other catastrophes, such as floods, fires, the refugees' conditions etc. The social effects are immediate, such as: major changes in people's relationships, lifestyle and the quality of their lives. Prolonged isolation becomes extremely stressful to people and it can reach serious mental illnesses .The mass media points out that in a pandemic, many parents turn to counselling sessions because their children have became neurotic. The online courses have a major effect on pupils' psyche, with the risk of emotional disturbances that may occur due to overexposure to the screen, isolation, repressed emotions and not discussing with parents or friends. This article reveals effective interventions of the school social worker in order to get out of the crisis.
Origins of formation of the concept quasi law enforcement bodies
Authors: Грунин А.Г. , Муравлева А.Ю. 
Published: January 2022

Настоящая статья обусловлена теоретической и практической значимостью вопросов, связанных с верным восприятием понятийного ряда в отношении современных правоохранительных органов. В ней рассмотрены понятие «квазиправоохранительные органы» с точки зрения генезиса его происхождения и некоторых иных моментов, отражающих данное явление. Кроме того, исследовано влияние псевдосиловых формирований на механизм исполнительной власти в Российской Федерации, инструменты совершенствования и оптимизации, с учетом современного развития права, а также непосредственно самих правоохранительных структур.
This article is driven by theoretical and the practical significance of issues related to the correct perception of the conceptual series in relation to modern law enforcement agencies. It examines the concept of "quasi-law enforcement agencies" from the point of view of the genesis of its origin and some other points that reflect this phenomenon. In addition, the influence of pseudo-force formations on the mechanism of executive power in the Russian Federation, tools for improvement and optimization, taking into account the modern development of law, as well as directly the law enforcement structures themselves, has been investigated.
President as a special fourth branch of government in Russia Anastasia
Authors: Алексеева А.А. , Волобуева О.А. , Попова А.В. 
Published: January 2022

Данная статья посвящена особому пути России в формировании государственной власти, отличию её от классической концепции Дж. Локка и Ш. Монтескье. Как и любой другой организм, каждое государство уникально и имеет свои особенности. Авторы на основе сравнительно правового анализа нормативных правовых актов XVIII–XXI вв., а также научных трудов мыслителей исследуемых исторических этапов развития государственности, приходят к выводу об эволюционном развитии статуса президента и становлении его на современном этапе в качестве особой четвертой ветви государственной власти.
This article is devoted to the special path of Russia in the formation of state power, its difference from the classical concept of J. Locke and C. Montesquieu. Like any other organism, each state is unique and has its own characteristics. Based on a comparative legal analysis of normative legal acts of the 18th – 21st centuries, as well as scientific works of thinkers of the studied historical stages of statehood development, the authors come to the conclusion about the evolutionary development of the status of the president and its formation at the present stage as a special fourth branch of state power.
Ronald Dworkin's Theory of Principles – "Third way" in the theory of law?
Authors: Прокофьев К.Г. , Иванов Д.В. , Комаров С.А. 
Published: January 2022

Развитие Р. Дворкиным традиционной для англосаксонской теоретико-правовой науки «модели правовых принципов», которую он в модифицированном им варианте противопоставляет модели «правовых правил» аналитической юриспруденции, позволяет ставить вопрос о «третьем пути» в теории права относительно учений естественного права и правового позитивизма. Однако такой вывод при всех возможных аргументах в его пользу выглядит преждевременным с учетом исторической многовариативности естественно-правовых моделей.
The development by R. Dworkin of the "model of legal principles" traditional for Anglo-Saxon theoretical and legal science, which he, in a modified version, opposes the model of "legal rules" of analytical jurisprudence, allows us to raise the question of the "third way" in the theory of law regarding the teachings of natural law and legal positivism ... However, such a conclusion, with all possible arguments in its favor, looks premature given the historical multivariance of natural law models.
Four years of global carbon cycle observed from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) version 9 and in situ data and comparison to OCO-2 version 7
Authors: Peiro Hélène , Crowell Sean , Schuh Andrew , Baker David F. , O'Dell Chris , Jacobson Andrew R. , Chevallier Frédéric , Liu Junjie , Eldering Annmarie , Crisp David , Deng Feng , Weir Brad , Basu Sourish , Johnson Matthew S. , Philip Sajeev , Baker Ian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) satellite has been providing information to estimate carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes at global and regional scales since 2014 through the combination of CO2 retrievals with top–down atmospheric inversion methods. Column average CO2 dry-air mole fraction retrievals have been constantly improved. A bias correction has been applied in the OCO-2 version 9 retrievals compared to the previous OCO-2 version 7r improving data accuracy and coverage. We study an ensemble of 10 atmospheric inversions all characterized by different transport models, data assimilation algorithms, and prior fluxes using first OCO-2 v7 in 2015–2016 and then OCO-2 version 9 land observations for the longer period 2015–2018. Inversions assimilating in situ (IS) measurements have also been used to provide a baseline against which the satellite-driven results are compared. The time series at different scales (going from global to regional scales) of the models emissions are analyzed and compared to each experiment using either OCO-2 or IS data. We then evaluate the inversion ensemble based on the dataset from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON), aircraft, and in situ observations, all independent from assimilated data. While we find a similar constraint of global total carbon emissions between the ensemble spread using IS and both OCO-2 retrievals, differences between the two retrieval versions appear over regional scales and particularly in tropical Africa. A difference in the carbon budget between v7 and v9 is found over this region, which seems to show the impact of corrections applied in retrievals. However, the lack of data in the tropics limits our conclusions, and the estimation of carbon emissions over tropical Africa require further analysis.
Subgrid-scale horizontal and vertical variation of cloud water in stratocumulus clouds: a case study based on LES and comparisons with in situ observations
Authors: Covert Justin A. , Mechem David B. , Zhang Zhibo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Stratocumulus clouds in the marine boundary layer cover a large fraction of ocean surface and play an important role in the radiative energy balance of the Earth system. Simulating these clouds in Earth system models (ESMs) has proven to be extremely challenging, in part because cloud microphysical processes such as the autoconversion of cloud water into precipitation occur at scales much smaller than typical ESM grid sizes. An accurate autoconversion parameterization needs to account for not only the local microphysical process (e.g., the dependence on cloud water content qc and cloud droplet number concentration Nc) but also the subgrid-scale variability of the cloud properties that determine the process rate. Accounting for subgrid-scale variability is often achieved by the introduction of a so-called enhancement factor E. Previous studies of E for autoconversion have focused more on its dependence on cloud regime and ESM grid size, but they have largely overlooked the vertical dependence of E within the cloud. In this study, we use a large-eddy simulation (LES) model, initialized and constrained with in situ and surface-based measurements from a recent airborne field campaign, to characterize the vertical dependence of the horizontal variation of qc in stratocumulus clouds and the implications for E. Similar to our recent observational study (Zhang et al., 2021), we found that the inverse relative variance of qc, an index of horizontal homogeneity, generally increases from cloud base upward through the lower two-thirds of the cloud and then decreases in the uppermost one-third of the cloud. As a result, E decreases from cloud base upward and then increases towards the cloud top. We apply a decomposition analysis to the LES cloud water field to understand the relative roles of the mean and variances of qc in determining the vertical dependence of E. Our analysis reveals that the vertical dependence of the horizontal qc variability and enhancement factor E is a combined result of condensational growth throughout the lower portion of the cloud and entrainment mixing at cloud top. The findings of this study indicate that a vertically dependent E should be used in ESM autoconversion parameterizations.
Moderate spectral resolution solar irradiance measurements, aerosol optical depth, and solar transmission, from 360 to 1070 nm, using the refurbished rotating shadow band spectroradiometer (RSS)
Authors: Michalsky Joseph J. , Kiedron Peter W. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract. This paper reports on a third-generation rotating shadow band spectroradiometer (RSS) used to measure global and diffuse horizontal plus direct normal irradiances and transmissions at 1002 wavelengths between 360 and 1070 nm. The prism-dispersed spectral data are from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains site in north-central Oklahoma (36.605∘ N, 97.486∘ W) and cover dates between August 2009 and February 2014. The refurbished RSS isolates the detector in a vacuum chamber with pressures near 10−7 torr. This prevents the deposition of outgassed vapors from the interior of the spectrometer shell on the cooled detector that affected the operation of the first commercial RSS. Methods for (1) ensuring the correct wavelength registration of the data and (2) deriving extraterrestrial responses over the entire spectrum, including
throughout strong water vapor and oxygen bands, are described. The resulting data produced are archived as ARM data records and include
cloud-screened aerosol optical depths, spectral irradiances and direct normal solar transmission, as well as normalized diffuse and global
irradiances.
Using artificial neural networks to predict riming from Doppler cloud radar observations
Authors: Vogl Teresa , Maahn Maximilian , Kneifel Stefan , Schimmel Willi , Moisseev Dmitri , Kalesse-Los Heike 
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Riming, i.e., the accretion and freezing of supercooled liquid water (SLW) on ice particles in mixed-phase clouds, is an important pathway for precipitation formation. Detecting and quantifying riming using ground-based cloud radar observations is of great interest; however, approaches based on measurements of the mean Doppler velocity (MDV) are unfeasible in convective and orographically influenced cloud systems. Here, we show how artificial neural networks (ANNs) can be used to predict riming using ground-based, zenith-pointing cloud radar variables as input features. ANNs are a versatile means to extract relations from labeled data sets, which contain input features along with the expected target values. Training data are extracted from a data set acquired during winter 2014 in Finland, containing both Ka- and W-band cloud radar and in situ observations of snowfall by a Precipitation Imaging Package from which the rime mass fraction (FRPIP) is retrieved. ANNs are trained separately either on the Ka-band radar or the W-band radar data set to predict the rime fraction FRANN. We focus on two configurations of input variables. ANN 1 uses the equivalent radar reflectivity factor (Ze), MDV, the width from left to right edge of the spectrum above the noise floor (spectrum edge width – SEW), and the skewness as input features. ANN 2 only uses Ze, SEW, and skewness. The application of these two ANN configurations to case studies from different data sets demonstrates that both are able to predict strong riming (FRANN > 0.7) and yield low values (FRANN ≤ 0.4) for unrimed snow. In general, the predictions of ANN 1 and 2 are very similar, advocating the capability of predicting riming without the use of MDV. The predictions of both ANNs for a wintertime convective cloud fit with coinciding in situ observations extremely well, suggesting the possibility to predict riming even within convective systems. Application of ANN 2 to an orographic case yields high FRANN values coinciding with observations of solid graupel particles at the ground.
An inventory of supraglacial lakes and channels across the West Antarctic Ice Sheet
Authors: Corr Diarmuid , Leeson Amber , McMillan Malcolm , Zhang Ce , Barnes Thomas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Quantifying the extent and distribution of supraglacial hydrology, i.e. lakes
and streams, is important for understanding the mass balance of the Antarctic
ice sheet and its consequent contribution to global sea-level rise. The
existence of meltwater on the ice surface has the potential to affect ice
shelf stability and grounded ice flow through hydrofracturing and the
associated delivery of meltwater to the bed. In this study, we systematically
map all observable supraglacial lakes and streams in West Antarctica by
applying a semi-automated Dual-NDWI (normalised difference water index)
approach to >2000 images acquired by the Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8
satellites during January 2017. We use a K-means clustering method to
partition water into lakes and streams, which is important for understanding
the dynamics and inter-connectivity of the hydrological system. When compared
to a manually delineated reference dataset on three Antarctic test sites, our
approach achieves average values for sensitivity (85.3 % and
77.6 %), specificity (99.1 % and 99.7 %) and
accuracy (98.7 % and 98.3 %) for Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8
acquisitions, respectively. We identified 10 478 supraglacial features
(10 223 lakes and 255 channels) on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) and
Antarctic Peninsula (AP), with a combined area of 119.4 km2
(114.7 km2 lakes, 4.7 km2 channels). We found
27.3 % of feature area on grounded ice and 54.9 % on
floating ice shelves. In total, 17.8 % of feature area crossed the
grounding line. A recent expansion in satellite data provision made new
continental-scale inventories such as these, the first produced for WAIS and
AP, possible. The inventories provide a baseline for future studies and a
benchmark to monitor the development of Antarctica's surface hydrology in a
warming world and thus enhance our capability to predict the collapse of ice
shelves in the future. The dataset is available at
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642755 (Corr et al., 2021).
Diagnostic evaluation of river discharge into the Arctic Ocean and its impact on oceanic volume transports
Authors: Winkelbauer Susanna , Mayer Michael , Seitner Vanessa , Zsoter Ervin , Zuo Hao , Haimberger Leopold 
Published: January 2022

Abstract. This study analyses river discharge into the Arctic Ocean using state-of-the-art reanalyses such as the fifth-generation European Reanalysis (ERA5) and the reanalysis component from the Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS). GloFAS, in its operational version 2.1, combines the land surface model (Hydrology Tiled European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts – ECMWF – Scheme for Surface Exchanges over Land, HTESSEL) from ECMWF’s ERA5 with a hydrological and channel routing model (LISFLOOD). Furthermore, we analyse GloFAS' most recent version 3.1, which is not coupled to HTESSEL but uses the full configuration of LISFLOOD. Seasonal cycles as well as annual runoff trends are analysed for the major Arctic watersheds – Yenisei, Ob, Lena, and Mackenzie – where reanalysis-based runoff can be compared to available observed river discharge records. Furthermore, we calculate river discharge over the whole pan-Arctic region and, by combination with atmospheric inputs, storage changes from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and oceanic volume transports from ocean reanalyses, we assess closure of the non-steric water volume budget. Finally, we provide best estimates for every budget equation term using a variational adjustment scheme. Runoff from ERA5 and GloFAS v2.1 features pronounced declining trends induced by two temporal inhomogeneities in ERA5's data assimilation system, and seasonal river discharge peaks are underestimated by up to 50 % compared to observations. The new GloFAS v3.1 product exhibits distinct improvements and performs best in terms of seasonality and long-term means; however, in contrast to gauge observations, it also features declining runoff trends. Calculating runoff indirectly through the divergence of moisture flux is the only reanalysis-based estimate that is able to reproduce the river discharge increases measured by gauge observations (pan-Arctic increase of 2 % per decade). In addition, we examine Greenlandic discharge, which contributes about 10 % of the total pan-Arctic discharge and features strong increases mainly due to glacial melting. The variational adjustment yields reliable estimates of the volume budget terms on an annual scale, requiring only moderate adjustments of less than 3 % for each individual term. Approximately 6583±84 km3 of freshwater leaves the Arctic Ocean per year through its boundaries. About two-thirds of this is contributed by runoff from the surrounding land areas to the Arctic Ocean (4379±25 km3 yr−1), and about one-third is supplied by the atmosphere. However, on a seasonal scale budget residuals of some calendar months were too large to be eliminated within the a priori spreads of the individual terms. This suggests that systematical errors are present in the reanalyses and ocean reanalysis data sets, which are not considered in our uncertainty estimation.
Hydrology without dimensions
Authors: Porporato Amilcare 
Published: January 2022

Abstract. By rigorously accounting for dimensional homogeneity in physical laws, the Π theorem and the related self-similarity hypotheses allow us to achieve a dimensionless reformulation of scientific hypotheses in a lower-dimensional context. This paper presents applications of these concepts to the partitioning of water and soil on terrestrial landscapes. For such processes, their complexity and lack of first principle formulation make dimensional analysis an excellent tool to formulate theories that are amenable to empirical testing and analytical developments. The resulting scaling laws help reveal the dominant environmental controls for these partitionings. In particular, we discuss how the dryness index and the storage index affect the long-term rainfall partitioning, the key nonlinear control of the dryness index in global datasets of weathering rates, and the existence of new macroscopic relations among average variables in landscape evolution statistics. The scaling laws for the partitioning of sediments, the elevation profile, and the spectral scaling of self-similar topographies also unveil tantalizing analogies with turbulent flows.
AKIBAT HUKUM DARI PERKAWINAN DI BAWAH TANGAN (STUDI KASUS PUTUSAN NOMOR 40/PDT.P/2018/PA.WSB
Authors: Huda Misbahul 
Published: January 2022

Marriage is one of the sacred covenants of a man with a woman to form a happy family. Marriage is a sacred thing because marriage is the beginning of building a household. In Indonesia, marriage has been regulated in Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. prove that marriage is important in society. Everyone who wants to get married must meet the requirements that have been determined by law such as age limit the marriage must be of the same religion and the marriage is recorded. The goal is that every marriage does not violate applicable norms and is also administratively orderly. The formulation of the problem: 1). What are the legal consequences of underhanded marriage? And what is the basis for the consideration of the Panel of Judges in deciding case number 40/Pdt.P/2018/PA.Wsb? The research method of this thesis is normative juridical, meaning that the issues raised, discussed and described in this research is focused on applying the rules or norms in positive law. In this study, the legal consequences of underhanded marriages, even though they are considered valid in religion or belief, are marriages conducted outside the knowledge and supervision of the marriage registrar, and do not have permanent legal force and are considered invalid in the eyes of state law. The legal consequences of marriage, one of which results when children enter school age when registered, every educational institution always requires the registrant (children's parents) one of which is a birth certificate. The requirement to make a child's birth certificate is a marriage book and the person who has a marriage book is the person who when holding the marriage contract registers his marriage.