bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Between first language influence, exonormative orientation and migration
Authors: Meierkord Christiane , Isingoma Bebwa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Like other Englishes, Ugandan English is not a homogeneous variety. Being a second language to the vast majority
of its multilingual speakers, it is, inevitably, influenced by their first languages. However, first language influence is just
one factor that continues to shape Ugandan English. This paper reports on how influence from exonormative teaching models and the
effects of migration, which constantly results in frequent and regular contact between second language speakers of various first
languages, contribute to its architecture. It does so by focusing on and carefully investigating future time expressions in a
corpus of authentic spoken interactions across Ugandans, the face-to-face conversations of the Uganda component of the
International Corpus of English.
Shift of switching threshold in low-dimensional semiconductor-based complementary inverters via inkjet printing
Authors: Jung Seoyeon , Lee Jihyun , Park Juhee , Pak Sangyeon , Lim Jungmoon , Cha SeungNam , Kim Bongjun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
MoS2 crystals grown by chemical vapor deposition are suited for realization of practical 2D semiconductor-based electronics. In order to construct complementary circuits with n-type MoS2, another p-type semiconductor, whose performance can be adjusted corresponding to that of MoS2 in the limited chip area, has to be sought. Herein, we present a method for tuning switching threshold voltages of complementary inverters simply via inkjet printing without changing their channel dimensions. Random networks of inkjet printed single-walled carbon nanotubes are formed as p-channels beside MoS2, and their density and thickness are controlled by varying the number of printed layers. As a result, p-type transistor characteristics as well as inverter characteristics are facilely tuned only by varying the number of printed layers.
Recent progress on the low and high temperature performance of nanoscale engineered Li-ion battery cathode materials
Authors: Jayasree Silpasree S , Murali Aswathy S , Nair Shantikumar , Santhanagopalan Dhamodaran 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Lithium ion batteries (LIB) are the domain power house that gratifies the growing energy needs of the modern society. Statistical records highlight the future demand of LIB for transportation and other high energy applications. Cathodes play a significant role in enhancement of electrochemical performance of a battery, especially in terms of energy density. Therefore, numerous innovative studies have been reported for the development of new cathode materials as well as improving the performance of existing ones. Literature designate stable cathode-electrolyte interface (CEI) is vital for safe and prolonged high performance of LIBs at different cycling conditions. Considering the context, many groups shed light on stabilizing the CEI with different strategies like surface coating, surface doping and electrolyte modulation. Local temperature variation across the globe is another major factor that influences the application and deployment of LIB chemistries. In this review, we discuss the importance of nano-scale engineering strategies on different class of cathode materials for their improved CEI and hence their low and high temperature performances. Based on the literature reviewed, the best nano-scale engineering strategies investigated for each cathode material have been identified and described. Finally, we discuss the advantages, limitations and future directions for enabling high performance cathode materials for a wide range of applications.
Optimized scintillation strip design for the DANSS upgrade
Authors: Alekseev I. , Belov V. , Bystryakov A. , Danilov M. , Ershova A. , Filosofov D. , Fomina M. , Kazartsev S. , Kobyakin A. , Kozlenko N. , Kuznetsov A. , Machikhiliyan I. , Mamedov F. , Medvedev D. , Nesterov V. , Novinsky D. , Perminov K. , Rozova I. , Rumyantseva N. , Rusinov V. , Salamatin A. , Samigullin E. , Shevchik Ye. , Shirchenko M. , Shitov Yu. , Skrobova N. , Starostin A. , Štekl I. , Svirida D. , Tarkovsky E. , Yakovleva A. , Yakushev E. , Zhitnikov I. , Zinatulina D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
DANSS is a one cubic meter plastic scintillator detector
with a primary goal of sterile neutrino searches at a commercial
nuclear reactor. Due to its highly advantageous location, fine
segmentation and ability to change the distance to the neutrino
production origin, DANSS is ahead of many similar experiments around
the world in terms of the counting rate, signal to background ratio
and sterile neutrino exclusion regions. Yet a moderate energy
resolution of the detector prevents further progress in the physics
program. The main challenge of the planned upgrade is to achieve an
energy resolution of 12% at 1 MeV. The new design of the main
sensitive element — the plastic scintillation strip — is the
most important step forward. The strip prototypes were manufactured
and tested at the pion beam of the PNPI synchrocyclotron. More than
twice higher light output together with fairly flat detector
response uniformity, longitudinal timing information and other
optimizations will help to reach the upgrade goal. This paper
discusses the drawbacks of the current strip version, outlines the
new features of the proposed upgrade, describes the beam test
procedure and presents the test results reflecting the advantages of
the new strip design in comparison with the current version.
Effect of constant current and pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding process on microstructure and mechanical properties of superalloy 59 joints
Authors: N Sivakumar , Gandhi B Sanjay , Kumar K Senthil , Arulmurugan B 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This research paper investigates the microstructure, microsegregation and mechanical behaviour of Ni-based superalloy 59 which is an important candidate in the pollution control application. The weld joints were produced with continuous current gas tungsten arc welding (CCGTAW) and pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding (PCGTAW) by applying both autogenous mode and filler wire ERNiCrMo-13. Weld flaws and weld aspect ratio of weld joints were identified using a macro analysis. An optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to examine the microstructure of the welded joints. PCGTA weldments exposed refined grain structure, reduced heat-affected zone and narrow weld bead compared to CCGTAW. Microsegregation of the alloying elements at the weld center (WC) and weld interface (WI) was examined using Energy Dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The findings of the metallurgical characterisation proved that the PCGTA weldments offer minimal microsegregation at the interdendritic region in comparison to CCGTA weldments. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) examination reveals that there is a 16.7% enhancement in grain refinement in the autogenous mode and a 17.4% improvement in the filler wire ERNiCrMo-13 when switching from CCGTA to PCGTA welding. Tensile, Charpy impact and microhardness tests were used to assess the strength, toughness and hardness of the weld joints. Weld joints fabricated by PCGTAW offers higher tensile strength (∼1.4 to 1.6%), higher toughness (∼4.4 to 5.4%), and higher hardness (∼4.8 to 7.7%) than CCGTAW weld joints.
Resonance modes of a metal-semiconductor-metal multilayer mediated by electric charge
Authors: Isobe Kazuma , Hanamura Katsunori 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Electromagnetic fields around metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) multilayers with square island top layers were numerically simulated to elucidate the difference in physics between the circuit resonance and Fabry–Pérot interference mediated by the surface plasmon polaritons (SPP). In the current study, the top and bottom metal layers were made of gold, and the intermediate semiconductor layer was a gallium antimony (GaSb). The lumped-element and Fabry–Pérot interference models showed less accuracy when the island width of the MSM multilayer was comparatively smaller. Since the capacitor and SPP could not be supported between the top and bottom gold layers, the anti-reflection mode of the gold–GaSb bilayer mainly affected the absorptance. However, when the width of the island was sufficiently large, the time-lapse development of the electromagnetic fields at resonant wavelengths showed strong electric and magnetic responses relating to the circuit resonance. Simultaneously, the electric fields depicted the movement of the electric charge, which coupled to the short-range surface plasmon polariton (SRSP) existing at the thin GaSb layer sandwiched by two gold layers. The wavelength of the SRSP approximately corresponded to that of the Fabry–Pérot interference. It was revealed that the lumped-element and Fabry–Pérot interference models indicated the same resonant mode from two different perspectives in physics.
Sexual Dimorphism in Body Size and Wing Loading for Three Cicada Species
Authors: Shi Peijian , Jiao Yabing , Niklas Karl J , Li Yirong , Guo Xuchen , Yu Kexin , Chen Long , Hurd Lawrence E 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Sexual dimorphism in body size has been observed for many insect species. However, whether dimorphism influences the flight performance for closely related insects or between the genders of conspecifics has seldom been examined. Wing loading (i.e., body mass/total wing area, WL = M/A) is an important indicator of flight efficiency and maneuverability. We examined the potential for sexual dimorphism and interspecific differences in wing loading for three cicada species (Cryptotympana atrata, Meimuna mongolica, and Platypleura kaempferi) and tested the hypothesis that females have higher WLs than males possibly because they must carry the extra weight of eggs. There were significant dimorphic differences in body mass and WL for each of the three species. However, there were no significant dimorphic differences in total wing area for C. atrata and M. mongolica, whereas P. kaempferi females had larger mean total wing area than males. Among the three cicada species, males had lower WLs (and by inference, greater maneuverability) than females. In addition, the M vs. A scaling exponent (i.e., α) was numerically significantly greater than unity (i.e., α &gt; 1). Thus, WL should scale with respect to M with α &gt; 1, which accounts for why females have a larger WL than males. We interpret these results to indicate that gender dimorphism in body size and flight performance likely reflect selection on traits affecting reproductive success that, in turn, likely depend on flight maneuverability.
Art and Ethico-Political Value
Authors: Clavel-Vázquez Adriana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWork in feminist and critical race aesthetics brings out a complex interaction between aesthetic, ethical, and political value. The interest in ethico-political considerations is also found in recent literature around art and ethics, such as debates about the work of immoral artists, cultural appropriation and heritage, and art in public spaces. These discussions are characterized by a social structural approach to the ethico-political value of art that focuses on relations between artworks, other artefacts, and individuals in specific sociohistorical contexts and as they emerge from specific social organizations. In this paper I present the main features and assumptions behind these social structural approaches to the values of art. I examine accounts that take ethico-political value to depend on artworks’ contributions to public discourse and on their role in constituting social structures.
Parliamentary Primaries After Democratic Transitions: Explaining Reforms To Candidate Selection In Ghana
Authors: Dodsworth Susan , Alidu Seidu M , Bauer Gretchen , Alidu Bukari Gbensuglo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Candidate selection procedures play a crucial role in shaping parliaments and influencing the quality of democracy. Yet, our understanding of what motivates parties to reform candidate selection mechanisms at specific points in time is limited. To address this gap, we examine the experience of Ghana’s National Democratic Congress (NDC), which reformed its selection procedures in 2015 allowing all party members to vote in primary elections for parliamentary candidates. We ask what triggered these reforms and identify four motivations—the confluence of which explains why the reforms were adopted in 2015. These motivations were: making the party more democratic by expanding participation, reducing the cost of the primary process, building the party’s organizational capacity, and keeping up with the party’s main competitor. Together, these led NDC leaders to believe that reforms would benefit the party. However, a divergence between actual and intended effects meant some of these benefits were not realized, so the NDC reversed its reforms. This case suggests that the current shift towards more inclusive candidate selection mechanisms across parts of Africa will not be linear: party leaders will adopt such reforms when they believe it is in their party’s interest.
COVID-19 risk factors amongst 14,786 care home residents: an observational longitudinal analysis including daily community positive test rates of COVID-19, hospital stays and vaccination status in Wales (UK) between 1 September 2020 and 1 May 2021
Authors: Hollinghurst Joe , Hollinghurst Robyn , North Laura , Mizen Amy , Akbari Ashley , Long Sara , Lyons Ronan A , Fry Rich 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
COVID-19 vaccinations have been prioritised for high risk individuals.

Aim
Determine individual-level risk factors for care home residents testing positive for SARS-CoV-2.

Study design
Longitudinal observational cohort study using individual-level linked data from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) databank.

Setting
Fourteen thousand seven hundred and eighty-six older care home residents (aged 65+) living in Wales between 1 September 2020 and 1 May 2021. Our dataset consisted of 2,613,341 individual-level daily observations within 697 care homes.

Methods
We estimated odds ratios (ORs [95% confidence interval]) using multilevel logistic regression models. Our outcome of interest was a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. We included time-dependent covariates for the estimated community positive test rate of COVID-19, hospital inpatient status, vaccination status and frailty. Additional covariates were included for age, sex and specialist care home services.

Results
The multivariable regression model indicated an increase in age (OR 1.01 [1.00,1.01] per year), community positive test rate (OR 1.13 [1.12,1.13] per percent increase), hospital inpatients (OR 7.40 [6.54,8.36]), and residents in care homes with non-specialist dementia care (OR 1.42 [1.01,1.99]) had an increased odds of a positive test. Having a positive test prior to the observation period (OR 0.58 [0.49,0.68]) and either one or two doses of a vaccine (0.21 [0.17,0.25] and 0.05 [0.02,0.09], respectively) were associated with a decreased odds.

Conclusions
Care providers need to remain vigilant despite the vaccination rollout, and extra precautions should be taken when caring for the most vulnerable. Minimising potential COVID-19 infection for care home residents when admitted to hospital should be prioritised.
Patterns of lifestyle behaviours from mid- through later-life in relation to exceptional episodic memory performance in older women: the Nurses’ Health Study
Authors: Wagner Maude , Grodstein Francine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesto model and compare patterns from mid- to late-life of body mass index (BMI), alternate Mediterranean diet (A-MeDi) and physical activity, between women with exceptional episodic memory over age 80 and cognitively average controls. Our goal was to examine if lifestyle risk factors in early adulthood may be identified which promote exceptional memory status later in life.Methodsa case–control sample nested within the Nurses’ Health Study (initiated in 1976), including 7,557 cognitively healthy participants who survived to age 80 and had a cognitive assessment at 80–87 years. We defined women with exceptional memory (n = 455) as those with a composite score of episodic memory ≥1.5 standard deviation above the mean. Then, we selected 2,275 cognitively average controls with a score within 1 standard deviation of the mean, matched by age and education. Patterns of BMI, A-MeDi and physical activity at 52–62 through age 82 years were estimated between groups using latent process mixed models.ResultsIn midlife, women with exceptional episodic memory had similar BMI (mean difference [MD] = −0.07 kg/m2 [95% confidence intervals {CI}:−0.41; 0.26]) but better adherence to A-MeDi (MD = +0.25 points [0.08; 0.43]) and more physical activity (MD = +3.50 metabolic-equivalent h/week [1.97; 5.09]) than controls. However, with ageing, both groups had similar patterns; both initially gained and later lost weight, had less activity and declining diet quality (all group-by-time interactions P &gt; 0.07).Conclusionsour findings suggest that lifestyle factors differ primarily at earlier ages for those with exceptional versus average episodic memory, thus lifestyle may be most important in earlier life to preserve high levels of memory.
Dermatopathology Laboratory Green Initiatives
Authors: Chisholm Cary , Hayford Kelvin , Stewart Megan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Climate change and the accumulation of greenhouse gases pose challenges for humanity. The laboratory can reduce the environmental impact of routine operations.

Methods
Our laboratory implemented several recycling initiatives in 2021, including shredding plastic and recycling 10% formalin, xylene, and reagent alcohols. Additional insulation has reduced electricity costs, and we have plans to derive 100% of our electricity from solar in 2022.

Results
Recycling leads to decreases in reagent purchase by several hundred gallons. Our lab reduced its carbon footprint by a minimum of 68.52 tons, with an anticipated $43,000 savings in purchases and waste disposal during 2022.

Conclusions
Regardless of an individual’s environmental consciousness, green initiatives have several tangible benefits. Recycling helps mitigate climate change and decrease the laboratory’s carbon footprint. These measures also insulate the laboratory from supply shortages and lead to significant, tangible monetary savings.
Coping Style Moderates the Effect of Pain on Depression Symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Bradson Megan L , Cadden Margaret H , Guty Erin T , Riegler Kaitlin E , Thomas Garrett A , Graham-Engeland Jennifer E , Arnett Peter A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
The present study examined coping style as a possible moderator in the relationship between pain and depression in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).

Methods
Fifty-four PwMS completed a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery and psychosocial questionnaires that assessed physical, cognitive, and emotional functioning. Using four pain indices (i.e., average pain, current pain, pain intensity, and pain interference) from the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), an overall pain index was created to capture a more comprehensive index of individuals’ overall pain intensity and interference. The COPE questionnaire was used to derive three coping indices: active coping, avoidant coping, and a composite cope index that accounts for the relative contributions of both active and avoidant coping. The Beck Depression Inventory-Fast Screen (BDI-FS) was used to measure depressive symptomatology. A series of hierarchical linear regressions were conducted with depressive symptoms as the outcome variable.

Results
Regression analyses revealed that the interactions between overall pain and each conceptualization of coping were significant (p = .001–.003). Simple effects tests revealed that overall pain only predicted depressive symptoms in PwMS with low active coping (p &lt; .001), high avoidant coping (p &lt; .001), and less adaptive coping via the composite coping index (p &lt; .001).

Conclusion
We found that pain predicted depressive symptoms in PwMS who utilized more avoidant and less active coping strategies. Interventions aimed to improve coping style may be effective in enhancing the ability to manage pain and, subsequently, improve depression outcomes in MS.
Detecting sparse microbial association signals adaptively from longitudinal microbiome data based on generalized estimating equations
Authors: Sun Han , Huang Xiaoyun , Huo Ban , Tan Yuting , He Tingting , Jiang Xingpeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe association between the compositions of microbial communities and various host phenotypes is an important research topic. Microbiome association research addresses multiple domains, such as human disease and diet. Statistical methods for testing microbiome–phenotype associations have been studied recently to determine their ability to assess longitudinal microbiome data. However, existing methods fail to detect sparse association signals in longitudinal microbiome data. In this paper, we developed a novel method, namely aGEEMIHC, which is a data-driven adaptive microbiome higher criticism analysis based on generalized estimating equations to detect sparse microbial association signals from longitudinal microbiome data. aGEEMiHC adopts generalized estimating equations framework that fully considers the correlation among different observations from the same subject in longitudinal data. To be robust to diverse correlation structures for longitudinal data, aGEEMiHC integrates multiple microbiome higher criticism analyses based on generalized estimating equations with different working correlation structures. Extensive simulation experiments demonstrate that aGEEMiHC can control the type I error correctly and achieve superior performance according to a statistical power comparison. We also applied it to longitudinal microbiome data with various types of host phenotypes to demonstrate the stability of our method. aGEEMiHC is also utilized for real longitudinal microbiome data, and we found a significant association between the gut microbiome and Crohn’s disease. In addition, our method ranks the significant factors associated with the host phenotype to provide potential biomarkers.
Semi-deconvolution of bulk and single-cell RNA-seq data with application to metastatic progression in breast cancer
Authors: Lei Haoyun , Guo Xiaoyan A , Tao Yifeng , Ding Kai , Fu Xuecong , Oesterreich Steffi , Lee Adrian V , Schwartz Russell 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMotivationIdentifying cell types and their abundances and how these evolve during tumor progression is critical to understanding the mechanisms of metastasis and identifying predictors of metastatic potential that can guide the development of new diagnostics or therapeutics. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been especially promising in resolving heterogeneity of expression programs at the single-cell level, but is not always feasible, e.g. for large cohort studies or longitudinal analysis of archived samples. In such cases, clonal subpopulations may still be inferred via genomic deconvolution, but deconvolution methods have limited ability to resolve fine clonal structure and may require reference cell type profiles that are missing or imprecise. Prior methods can eliminate the need for reference profiles but show unstable performance when few bulk samples are available.ResultsIn this work, we develop a new method using reference scRNA-seq to interpret sample collections for which only bulk RNA-seq is available for some samples, e.g. clonally resolving archived primary tissues using scRNA-seq from metastases. By integrating such information in a Quadratic Programming framework, our method can recover more accurate cell types and corresponding cell type abundances in bulk samples. Application to a breast tumor bone metastases dataset confirms the power of scRNA-seq data to improve cell type inference and quantification in same-patient bulk samples.Availability and implementationSource code is available on Github at https://github.com/CMUSchwartzLab/RADs.