bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic changes in brain structure in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accident: A voxel-based morphometry-based follow-up study
Authors: Yang Luodong , Li Haohao , Meng Yao , Shi Yan , Ge Anxin , Zhang Guiqing , Liu Chaomeng 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the dynamic changes of emotional and memory-related brain regions in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients and trauma-exposed subjects, who experienced motor vehicle accident (MVA).Materials and methodsFunctional Magnetic Resonance imaging (fMRI) and general data were collected from trauma victims who had experienced MVA within 2 days, and their social support and coping style were evaluated. The PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (PCL-5) is used for screening and diagnosis. Subsequently, 17 PTSD patients and 23 car accident trauma-exposed individuals completed a second fMRI scan at 2 months. Data were analyzed by using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to examine the volume changes of relevant brain regions. Correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between the regions of interest (ROIs) and the total scores on the clinical scales. Subsequently, the relationship between the total PCL-5 scores and the individual dimensions of the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) and the Social Support Rate Scale (SSRS) was studied.ResultsIn comparison with the control group, the results showed a reduction in right SFG volume in the PTSD group at 2 months. Similarly, a comparison within the PTSD group revealed a reduction in the left STG volume at 2 months. Compared with the control group, PTSD patients showed a more negative coping style and worse performance in objective and subjective support. In addition, the total PCL-5 scores were negatively associated with positive coping, objective support, and subjective support.ConclusionThe occurrence of PTSD may be related to reduced volume of the right SFG and left STG, and that patients with PTSD receive less social support and tend to cope in a negative manner in the face of stressful events. These results suggest that within 2 months of the MVA, changes in gray matter volume have occurred in some brain regions of those suffering from PTSD. We believe the results of our study will provide useful insights into the neuropsychological mechanisms underlying PTSD.
Relationships between negative life events and suicidal ideation among youth in China: The direct and moderating effects of offline and online social support from gender perspective
Authors: Xin Moye , Petrovic Julia , Zhang Lijin , Yang Xueyan 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundSuicidal ideation was proved to be a critical precondition leading to the occurrence of subsequent suicidal behavior. Studies have confirmed that negative life events and forms of social support that youth are experiencing in the current socio-cultural context might have unique impacts on their suicidal ideation. However, the specific mechanism is relatively underexplored.ObjectiveWe sought to investigate the impacts of offline and online social supports on Chinese students’ suicidal ideation under the pressure of various negative life events, as well as potential gender differences in these relationships.MethodsParticipants were 2,018 middle – high school and university students from Northwestern China, who completed a demographics questionnaire and self-report measures of negative life events, social support, and suicidal ideation.ResultsOffline social support had a significant direct effect on suicidal ideation across genders. Among male youth, offline social support only had a moderating effect on the relationship between punitive negative life events and suicidal ideation. Among female youth, offline social support had a significant moderating effect on suicidal ideation under the pressure of all types of negative life events; Online social support only had a significant direct effect on female youth’s suicidal ideation, although it did significantly moderate the relationship between all types of negative life events and suicidal ideation, across genders.ConclusionOur findings revealed direct and moderating effects of offline and online social support on suicidal ideation among youth under the pressure of different types of negative life events, as well as gender-specific patterns in these relationships.
Validation of the generalized anxiety disorder scales (GAD-7 and GAD-2) in primary care settings in Latvia
Authors: Vrublevska Jelena , Renemane Lubova , Kivite-Urtane Anda , Rancans Elmars 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundAnxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental disorders in the world and have an important impact on the global burden of disease. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is the most prevalent anxiety disorder encountered in primary care. There are no available validated anxiety screening tools in primary care in Latvia. We aimed to validate both a seven-item and a two-item generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7 and GAD-2) in the Latvian and Russian languages, to detect generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in primary care settings in Latvia.MethodsDuring a 1-week period, all patients aged 18 years or older visiting their GP (general practitioners) with any health concern at 24 primary care settings throughout Latvia were invited to complete the GAD-7 in their native language (Latvian or Russian). Criterion validity was assessed against the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI).ResultsThe study sample included 1,459 participants who completed the GAD-7 and the MINI. The GAD-7 items showed good internal reliability [Cronbach's alpha 0.87 for Latvian version and 0.85 for Russian version (for Latvia) of the GAD-7]. A cut-off score for detecting GAD of 5 or above was estimated for Latvian version of the GAD-7 (sensitivity 75.4%, specificity 68.9%, respectively) and 7 or above for Russian version of the GAD-7 (sensitivity 73.3%, specificity 84.1%, respectively). The internal reliability of the GAD-2 was lower for both languages (Cronbach's alpha 0.75 for Latvian version and 0.68 for Russian version of the GAD-2). A cut-off score of 2 or above was established for both the Latvian, and Russian versions of the GAD-2 (sensitivity 78.9 and 83.3%; specificity 63.7 and 69.1% for the Latvian and Russian versions of the GAD-2, accordingly) for detecting GAD.ConclusionsThis is the first study to report criterion validity of the Latvian and Russian (for Latvia) versions of the GAD-7 and GAD-2, assessed in a nationwide study conducted at the primary care level.
Theory of mind and facial emotion recognition in adults with temporal lobe epilepsy: A meta-analysis
Authors: Qi Liang , Zhao Jing , Zhao PanWen , Zhang Hui , Zhong JianGuo , Pan PingLei , Wang GenDi , Yi ZhongQuan , Xie LiLi 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundMounting studies have investigated impairments in social cognitive domains (including theory of mind [ToM] and facial emotion recognition [FER] in adult patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, to date, inconsistent findings remain.MethodsA search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases was conducted until December 2021. Hedgesgeffect sizes were computed with a random-effects model. Meta-regressions were used to assess the potential confounding factors of between-study variability in effect sizes.ResultsThe meta-analysis included 41 studies, with a combined sample of 1,749 adult patients with TLE and 1,324 healthy controls (HCs). Relative to HCs, adult patients with TLE showed large impairments in ToM (g= −0.92) and cognitive ToM (g= −0.92), followed by medium impairments in affective ToM (g= −0.79) and FER (g= −0.77). Besides, no (statistically) significant differences were observed between the magnitude of social cognition impairment in adult with TLE who underwent and those who did not undergo epilepsy surgery. Meta-regressions exhibited that greater severity of executive functioning was associated with more severe ToM defects, and older age was associated with more severe FER defects.ConclusionsResults of this meta-analysis suggest that adult patients with TLE show differential impairments in the core aspects of social cognitive domains (including ToM and FER), which may help in planning individualized treatment with appropriate cognitive and behavioral interventions.
The relationship between perceived social support with anxiety, depression, and insomnia among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating role of self-control
Authors: Zhao Guojun , Xie Fusen , Li Shuangchen , Ding Yuee , Li Xu , Liu Haijian 
Published: October 2022

ObjectWe aimed to investigate the associations between perceived social support and anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance via self-control among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and methodsThe Perceived Social Support Scale, Self-control Scale, Self-rating Anxiety Scale, Self-rating Depression Scale, and Insomnia Severity Index Scale were used to survey 1,997 college students during the COVID-19 pandemic, who submitted valid questionnaires (Mage = 19.93, SDage = 1.47, Range = 18–24 years, 62% female).ResultsThe perceived social support and self-control were significantly positively correlated, and they were significantly and negatively associated with anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Further analysis found that self-control partially mediated the relationships between perceived social support with anxiety, depression, and insomnia.ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese college students’ self-control played a partial mediating effect in the relationships between perceived social support and anxiety, depression, and insomnia. This study provides new insights and inspiration for improving college students’ mental health in the context of the pandemic.
The joint association of physical activity and sedentary behavior with health-related quality of life among children and adolescents in Mainland China
Authors: Shi Jun , Wang Xiaorong , Wu Qiong , Qin Zhenzhen , Wang Na , Qiao Huifen , Xu Fei 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate the joint association of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among children in Mainland China.MethodsChildren were randomly recruited from primary, junior, and senior high schools (graders 4–12) in Nanjing municipality of China in this cross-sectional survey in 2018. The outcome variable, HRQoL, was assessed using the validated Chinese version of Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D-CHN) instrument. PA and SB were measured using a validated Physical Activity Scale and Food Frequency Questionnaire for Chinese school-aged children. The associations of PA and SB with HRQoL were assessed using mixed-effects linear regression models and reported as mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsTotally, 4,388 participants completed the survey (response rate = 97.6%). After adjustment for potential confounders and class-level clustering effects, relative to those with insufficient PA and prolonged SB, students with insufficient PA and shortened SB (MD = 0.054, 95%CI = 0.018, 0.089), or children with sufficient PA and prolonged SB (MD = 0.034, 95%CI = −0.030, 0.098), or students with sufficient PA and shortened SB (MD = 0.083, 95%CI = 0.045, 0.120), respectively, reported increased HRQoL scores.ConclusionPA was positively associated with HRQoL, and SB was in negative relation to HRQoL. Furthermore, sufficient PA and shortened SB might exert additive influence on HRQoL among children and adolescents in China. This study has public health implications that PA promotion and SB reduction are encouraged to be considered simultaneously for the purpose to maximally improve HRQoL in population-based behavior intervention campaigns among children and adolescents.
Virtual reality technology enhances the cognitive and social communication of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Zhao Junqiang , Zhang Xinxin , Lu Yi , Wu Xingyang , Zhou Fujun , Yang Shichang , Wang Luping , Wu Xiaoyan , Fei Fangrong 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the impact of using virtual reality technology to intervene in and encourage the developmental behavior areas of cognition, imitation, and social interaction in children with autism spectrum disorder.MethodsForty-four children with autism spectrum disorder were divided randomly into an intervention group and a control group, with each group consisting of 22 participants. Incorporating conventional rehabilitation strategies, virtual reality technology was used with the intervention group to conduct rehabilitation training in areas including cognition, imitation, and social interaction. The control group was provided conventional/routine clinical rehabilitation training. The children's cognitive development was evaluated before and 3 months after intervention.ResultsAfter intervention, the developmental abilities of both groups of children in the areas of cognition, imitation, and social interaction were improved over their abilities measured before the intervention (P &lt; 0.05). However, post-intervention score differences between the two groups demonstrated that the intervention group levels were better than the control group levels only in the areas of cognition and social interaction (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionCombining virtual reality with conventional rehabilitation training improved the cognitive and social development of children with autism spectrum disorder and supported the goal of improving the rehabilitation effect.
Factors associated with access to healthcare services for older adults with limited activities of daily living
Authors: Mai Shumin , Cai Jingjing , Li Lu 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundLimited studies focused on the situation and related factors of access to healthcare services for older adults with limited activities of daily living (ADL) in China. This study explores factors associated with access to healthcare services of them based on Andersen's healthcare utilization model (namely, need, predisposing, and enabling dimensions).MethodsA total of 3,980 participants aged 65 years and older adults with limited ADL from the latest wave (2018) of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) were included. Binary logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors.ResultsFactors in enabling dimension were associated with access to healthcare services for older adults with limited ADL. Those who lived with better economic status (fair vs poor, OR = 2.98, P &lt; 0.01; rich vs poor, OR = 7.23, P = 0.01), could afford daily life (yes vs no, OR = 2.33, P = 0.03), and lived in the eastern or central region of China (eastern vs western, OR = 2.91, P &lt; 0.01; central vs western, OR = 2.40, P = 0.02) could access to healthcare services more easily. However, factors in predisposing dimension and need dimension showed no statistical significance. Meanwhile, inconvenience in the movement was the major barrier reported by some participants for not going to the hospital when they got sick.ConclusionAccess to healthcare services for older adults with ADL limitation was mainly related to the factors of economic status, affordability for daily life, and living regions in enabling dimension. Strategies focused on health insurance, healthcare system, barrier-free facilities, and social support were proposed to increase the access to healthcare services for participants, which could benefit their health.
Lower fitness levels, higher fat-to-lean mass ratios, and lower cardiorespiratory endurance are more likely to affect the body mass index of Saudi children and adolescents
Authors: Said Mohamed Ahmed , Alhumaid Majed M. , Atta Ibrahim I. , Al-Sababha Khairi Mahmoud , Abdelrahman Mohamed Abdelmoneim , Alibrahim Mohammed Shaab 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundSeveral studies suggest that health-related physical fitness may play a prominent role in preventing obesity in children and adolescents.ObjectivesThe present study examined fitness levels using five components of health-related fitness in Saudi students aged 10–17 years (fat-to-lean mass ratio, cardiorespiratory endurance, upper body strength and endurance, abdominal muscle strength and endurance, and flexibility). Subsequently, the association between BMI and a health-related fitness index (HR-PFI) based on the five fitness components was investigated.MethodsThe study was conducted on 1,291 students with a mean age of 12.95 ± 1.72 years. Participants included 1,030 boys aged 12.80 ± 1.79 years, with 479 young boys (11.24 ± 0.81b years), and 551 adolescents (14.16 ± 1.21 years). Moreover, the study examined 261 girls averaging 13.54 ± 1.2 years old, with 66 young girls (11.92 ± 0.27 years), and 195 teenage girls (14.09 ± 0.85 years). Each participant's health-related fitness level was assessed by the following tests: Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer (BIA) for body composition, one-mile run/walk test for cardiorespiratory endurance, curl-up test for abdominal muscle strength and endurance (AMSE), push-up test for upper body strength and endurance (UBSE), and back-saver sit-and-reach test for flexibility.ResultsThe overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 10.4 and 24.7% in boys and 10 and 8.4% in girls, respectively. The mean Z-scores of performances decreased from the underweight to the obese groups. BMI was positively associated with the ratio of fat mass to lean mass and negatively associated with cardiorespiratory endurance in the overall group of participants as well as in the subgroups by sex and age categories. BMI was also negatively associated with flexibility and HR-PFI in the total group, UBSE, AMSE, and HR-PFI in prepubertal boys, and UBSE in prepubertal girls. The coefficient of determination values was 0.65 in the total group, 0.72 in prepubertal boys, 0.863 in adolescent boys, 0.956 in prepubertal girls, and 0.818 in adolescent girls.ConclusionsOverall health-related physical fitness, fat-to-lean mass ratio, and cardiorespiratory endurance are the factors that most affect BMI in Saudi students aged 10 to 17.
Epidemiological investigation and prevention and control strategies of rubella in Anhui province, China, from 2012 to 2021
Authors: Zhang Ning , Cheng Xiaodong , Zhou Shujie , Wang Binbing , Luo Xianwei , Chai Yu , Tang Jihai , Su Bin , Liu Zhirong 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundRubella is a highly contagious viral infection with mild manifestations that occurs most often in children and young adults. Infection during pregnancy, especially during the first trimester, can result in an infant born with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). The purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of rubella epidemics in Anhui province from 2012 to 2021 and explore the prevention and control strategies of rubella.MethodsA descriptive epidemiological approach was used to examine the epidemiological characteristics of rubella in Anhui Province between 2012 and 2021.ResultsFrom 2012 to 2021, a total of 4,987 cases of rubella were reported in Anhui province, with an average annual incidence of 8.11 per million, demonstrating an overall downward trend (χ2 trend =3141.06, P &lt; 0.01). The average yearly incidence of rubella in southern Anhui, central Anhui, and northern Anhui were 9.99 per million, 11.47 per million, and 4.50 per million, respectively, with statistically significant differences (χ2 =792.50, P &lt; 0.01). The male to female incidence ratio was 1.67:1, and the male incidence rate was higher than the female incidence rate. Most cases occurred among students, accounting for 56.59% of all cases, and the 10–34 age group accounted for ~73.71% of all cases. Regarding immunization history, 3.57% of cases had two doses or more, 6.62% had one dose, 16.40% had none, and the remainder were uncertain.ConclusionThe incidence of rubella in Anhui province from 2012 to 2021 continued to decline, with regional variations observed. The 10–34-year-old population without a history of rubella vaccination is at high risk for the disease. It is suggested to carry out rubella vaccination and congenital rubella syndrome monitoring according to the actual situation.
Key demographics and psychological skills associated with adjustment to progressive Multiple Sclerosis early in the diagnosis
Authors: Bogosian Angeliki , Day Fern , Norton Sam , Silber Eli , Sakel Mohamed , Sharrack Basil , Moss-Morris Rona 
Published: October 2022

Background/purposeBeing diagnosed with a progressive type of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been associated with worse psychological outcomes compared to relapsing-remitting type. Previous studies of adjustment to MS have primarily focused on relapsing-remitting type MS. The present study aims to examine psychological adjustment for people newly diagnosed with progressive multiple sclerosis.MethodsThis was a multicenter cross-sectional survey of 189 people newly diagnosed with progressive MS. A composite measure of psychological adjustment was created from questionnaires measuring psychological distress, positive affect, perceived-stress, life satisfaction and self-concept. Predictor variables included coping strategies, social support, relationship with partner, psychological vulnerability, MS-related beliefs, and responses to symptoms. Data were analysed using a regularised regression model to indicate which group of all variables are associated with adjustment.ResultsPeople who were older (b = 0.17(0.07), p = 0.02), in employment (b = 0.40 (0.17), p = 0.01), and with lower illness severity (b = −0.24 (0.08), p = 0.001) showed better adjustment. Based on a Lasso regression, the most important psychological and demographic variables associated with lower adjustment (out-of-sample cross-validation R2 = 62.6%) were lower MS self-efficacy and higher avoidance, cognitive vulnerability, embarrassment avoidance, conflict, helplessness, and secondary progressive MS type.Conclusions and implicationsHelping newly diagnosed people to find ways to tolerate anxiety-causing situations by encouraging acceptance may help people adjust to progressive MS by lowering their avoidance. Further, building confidence in managing the illness and addressing relationship issues are key focus areas in psychological interventions for people with progressive multiple sclerosis.