bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time to onset of cannabidiol treatment effect and resolution of adverse events in tuberous sclerosis complex: Post hoc analysis of randomized controlled phase 3 trial GWPCARE6
Authors: Wu Joyce Y. , Cock Hannah R. , Devinsky Orrin , Joshi Charuta , Miller Ian , Roberts Colin M. , Sanchez‐Carpintero Rocio , Checketts Daniel , Sahebkar Farhad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the timing of cannabidiol (CBD) treatment effect (seizure reduction and adverse events [AEs]) onset, we conducted a post hoc analysis of GWPCARE6 (NCT02544763), a randomized, placebo‐controlled, phase 3 trial in patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC).MethodsPatients received plant‐derived pharmaceutical formulation of highly purified CBD (Epidiolex; 100 mg/ml oral solution) at 25 mg/kg/day (CBD25) or 50 mg/kg/day (CBD50) or placebo for 16 weeks (4‐week titration, 12‐week maintenance). Treatment started at 5 mg/kg/day for all groups and reached 25 mg/kg/day on Day 9 and 50 mg/kg/day on Day 29. Percentage change from baseline in TSC‐associated seizure (countable focal or generalized) count was calculated by cumulative day (i.e., including all previous days). Time to onset and resolution of AEs were evaluated.ResultsOf 224 patients, 75 were randomized to CBD25, 73 to CBD50, and 76 to placebo. Median (range) age was 11.3 (1.1–56.8) years. Patients had discontinued a median (range) of 4 (0–15) antiseizure medications and were currently taking 3 (0–5). Difference in seizure reduction between CBD and placebo emerged on Day 6 (titrated dose, 15 mg/kg/day) and became nominally significant (p < .049) by Day 10. Separation between placebo and CBD in ≥50% responder rate also emerged by Day 10. Onset of AEs occurred during the first 2 weeks of the titration period in 61% of patients (CBD25, 61%; CBD50, 67%; placebo, 54%). In patients with an AE, resolution occurred within 4 weeks of onset in 42% of placebo and 27% of CBD patients and by end of trial in 78% of placebo and 51% of CBD patients.SignificanceOnset of treatment effect occurred within 6–10 days. AEs lasted longer for CBD than placebo, but the most common (diarrhea, decreased appetite, and somnolence) resolved during the 16‐week trial in most patients.
Automated detection of absence seizures using a wearable electroencephalographic device: a phase 3 validation study and feasibility of automated behavioral testing
Authors: Japaridze Giorgi , Loeckx Dirk , Buckinx Tim , Armand Larsen Sidsel , Proost Renée , Jansen Katrien , MacMullin Paul , Paiva Natalia , Kasradze Sofia , Rotenberg Alexander , Lagae Lieven , Beniczky Sándor 
Published: February 2022

SummaryObjectiveOur primary goal was to measure the accuracy of fully automated absence seizure detection, using a wearable electroencephalographic (EEG) device. As a secondary goal, we also tested the feasibility of automated behavioral testing triggered by the automated detection.MethodsWe conducted a phase 3 clinical trial (NCT04615442), with a prospective, multicenter, blinded study design. The input was the one‐channel EEG recorded with dry electrodes embedded into a wearable headband device connected to a smartphone. The seizure detection algorithm was developed using artificial intelligence (convolutional neural networks). During the study, the predefined algorithm, with predefined cutoff value, analyzed the EEG in real time. The gold standard was derived from expert evaluation of simultaneously recorded full‐array video‐EEGs. In addition, we evaluated the patients' responsiveness to the automated alarms on the smartphone, and we compared it with the behavioral changes observed in the clinical video‐EEGs.ResultsWe recorded 102 consecutive patients (57 female, median age = 10 years) on suspicion of absence seizures. We recorded 364 absence seizures in 39 patients. Device deficiency was 4.67%, with a total recording time of 309 h. Average sensitivity per patient was 78.83% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 69.56%–88.11%), and median sensitivity was 92.90% (interquartile range [IQR] = 66.7%–100%). The average false detection rate was .53/h (95% CI = .32–.74). Most patients (n = 66, 64.71%) did not have any false alarms. The median F1 score per patient was .823 (IQR = .57–1). For the total recording duration, F1 score was .74. We assessed the feasibility of automated behavioral testing in 36 seizures; it correctly documented nonresponsiveness in 30 absence seizures, and responsiveness in six electrographic seizures.SignificanceAutomated detection of absence seizures with a wearable device will improve seizure quantification and will promote assessment of patients in their home environment. Linking automated seizure detection to automated behavioral testing will provide valuable information from wearable devices.
Global assessment of shark strandings
Authors: Wosnick Natascha , Leite Renata D. , Giareta Eloísa P. , Morick Danny , Musyl Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMarine wildlife stranding is a global phenomenon, and for some taxonomic groups, these events are well monitored and documented. Although sharks are among the most threatened vertebrates, strandings have historically been neglected, with little information on this topic currently available. To address this knowledge gap, a systematic review on scientific publications from indexed databases, multimedia material and citizen science databases was performed. A total of 3150 reports were recovered, with strandings dating back to 1880 including 89 species of sharks from 22 families. Both single/small‐scale and mass stranding events were observed. Species ranged from coastal to oceanic, with reports for small‐, medium‐ and large‐sized sharks. Leopard (Triakis semifasciata, Triakidae), brown smooth‐hound (Mustelus henlei, Triakidae) and salmon sharks (Lamna ditropis, Laminidae) were the species with most records. Females stranded significantly more than males, but juveniles and adults were affected in the same proportion. Shark strandings were reported for 47 countries, and the United States was the most representative location, highlighting the states of California and Oregon. Survival rates were extremely low, indicating that stranded sharks are more vulnerable that other taxonomic groups. Potential and putative causes were identified, being similar to those suggested for marine mammal strandings. Our results indicate that although they occur to a lesser extent when compared to mammals, shark strandings are neglected, and urgent measurements are necessary to better understand, document and to properly respond to these events.
Predicting marital financial deception in a national sample: A person‐centered approach
Authors: Dew Jeffrey , Trujillo Sammi , Saxey Matthew 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveExamine whether latent classes of marital financial deception exist and what might predict class membership.BackgroundMany individuals have reported financially deceiving their spouse in descriptive studies; estimates range between 40% and 60% depending on the study. However, to date no study has examined the nature of marital financial deception in a multivariate context regarding type, frequency, and so on. Further, scholars have not yet studied predictors of marital financial deception in a multivariate context.MethodWe used national data and seven financial deception behaviors for the latent class analysis. We also used multinomial regression to predict latent class membership (N = 946 individuals).ResultsThree classes emerged. Spouses who almost never deceived their spouse, spouses who frequently engaged in most of the deception behaviors, and spouses who sometimes hid minor purchases from or lied generally about their financial behaviors to their spouse. The multinomial logistic regression revealed that perceived marital stability, marital duration, and trust in one's spouse was negatively associated with membership in the minor or major deception groups. Conversely, sexual and emotional infidelity was positively associated with being in the major and minor financial deception groups. Hispanic and Black non‐Hispanic participants were less likely than White non‐Hispanic participants to be in the minor and major financial deception groups.ConclusionAlthough individuals financially deceived their spouses, most were either generally truthful or only engaged in minor types infrequently. Aspects of marital commitment predicted group membership.ImplicationsThe frequency and severity of marital financial deception is associated with marital commitment.
Insularity promotes plant persistence strategies in edaphic island systems
Authors: Conti Luisa , Méndez‐Castro Francisco E. , Chytrý Milan , Götzenberger Lars , Hájek Michal , Horsák Michal , Jiménez‐Alfaro Borja , Klimešová Jitka , Zelený David , Ottaviani Gianluigi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTrait‐based approaches are being used increasingly in island biogeography, providing key insights into the eco‐evolutionary dynamics of insular systems. However, the determinants of persistence of plant species after they have arrived and established on an island remain largely unexplored. Here, we used three edaphic island systems (i.e., habitat patches distinguished from the landscape matrix by distinct soil conditions and specialized vegetation) to examine relationships between persistence strategies (those associated with clonality, bud bank, seed mass and life‐form) and insularity. We hypothesized that insularity promotes and selects strategies to persist locally, such that species occurring on small and/or isolated edaphic islands show trait values indicative of enhanced persistence and lower functional diversity.LocationThree European systems of edaphic islands in the Western Carpathians, Moravia and the Cantabrian Range.Time periodPresent.Major taxa studiedVascular plants.MethodsFor each system, we used linear models to explore persistence‐related plant trait patterns (mean trait values and functional diversity) in relationship to three insularity metrics (island size, isolation and target effect). We focused on patterns of edaphic island specialists because their presence is confined to the islands.ResultsWe found that insularity metrics largely explained the variation of the mean value and diversity of persistence‐related traits of edaphic island plant specialists. Specifically, insularity was positively related to traits supporting local persistence (e.g., more extensive lateral spread) and to a reduced variability in persistence traits. More insular systems showed stronger and more numerous trait–insularity links.Main conclusionsInsularity can affect plant species diversity, form and function in edaphic island systems, such as selecting for enhanced and less diverse persistence strategies. Plant species occurring in insular systems might therefore avoid or delay local extinction by promoting adaptive strategies to persist in situ.
Interacting institutional logics in policy implementation
Authors: Michel Cynthia L. , Meza Oliver D. , Cejudo Guillermo M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhen more actors—politicians, bureaucrats, or citizens—get involved in the process of policy implementation, they bring different understanding of their roles and objectives as participants in the policy. These understandings are the means–ends relationships shaping actors' behavior during the implementation process, analyzed in the literature as institutional logics. How do these institutional logics interact during the process of implementation? We argue that institutional logics do not only seamlessly coexist, but they interact in diverse ways: they may coincide, complement, clash or be unrelated. To make these interactions empirically observable, we put forward a working definition for each of them. Using an in‐depth case study of a participatory budget in Cananea, a municipality in northern Mexico, we show how the way these logics interact affects implementation: by performing their own role, actors advance their own purpose and contribute to the implementation process, even when they understand it differently. We find that the interaction among those logics do not impede effective implementation, as long as they do not clash.
Improved cycling stability of V2O5 modified spinel LiMn2O4 cathode at high cut‐off voltage for lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Radzi Zulhadi Iskandar , Kufian Mohd Zieauddin , Balakrishan Vengadaesvaran , Pandey Adarsh Kumar , Zainal Abidin Zul Hazrin , Sheikh Raihan Siti Rohani , Abd Rahim Nasrudin , Subramaniam Ramesh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSpinel lithium manganese oxide, LiMn2O4 coated with V2O5 layer (labeled as LMO‐VO) has been developed and its electrochemical performances as cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries has been evaluated at high cut‐off voltage (>4.5 V vs. Li/Li+) and compared with pristine LiMn2O4 (labeled as LMO). The crystal structure investigations show that LMO‐VO has longer Li–O bond length for fast Li‐ion diffusion kinetic process. The scanning electron microscopy results indicate that LMO‐VO has finer particles and the V2O5 layer has been successfully coated on the LMO surface uniformly. The highly conductive V2O5 coating layer enhances the ionic conductivity of the LMO cathode, as evidenced by the significant drop of Rct value from the Nyquist plot. Under high operating voltage, the cell employed with coated LMO shows exceptional cycling performance in capacity retention and potential difference. After 300 cycles, the capacity retention per cycle has been boosted from 99.90% to 99.94% by adopting the V2O5 coating layer. In addition, surface coating with V2O5 stabilizes the potential difference at very minimal change for a longer period. This convincingly proves that the V2O5 coating layer not only protects against hydrofluoric acid (HF) attack and greatly restrains the increase of cell polarization at high voltage.
Current treatment modalities in granulomatous cheilitis
Authors: Pathania Yashdeep Singh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundGranulomatous cheilitis (GC) is a poorly understood disorder of the labial mucosa, which is a subtype under an umbrella term “orofacial granulomatosis.” Several treatment modalities have been tried in the management of GC with suboptimal to optimal results.ObjectiveThe objective of this article is to discuss various treatment modalities, whether medical or surgical, that have been tried for the management of GC with success.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed to screen articles related to the successful treatment of GC. Articles published in journals indexed in PubMed were searched along with those in Google Scholar. There was no availability of systematic review or meta‐analysis on treatment of GC in the literature search. Recent data has been collected and consolidated from various case reports and case series to provide a concise overview of various treatments applied in GC.ResultsVarious treatment modalities have been used in GC including glucocorticoids, antibiotics, immunomodulatory, and biological agents, surgical debulking, and laser therapy. No treatment modality has provided a predictable success. Intralesional corticosteroid therapy has been used more frequently either alone or in combination with other modalities.
Performance of wild Saccharomyces and Non‐Saccharomyces yeasts as starter cultures in dough fermentation and bread making
Authors: Condessa Bárbara Marques Bianchini , da Silva Kamila Veloso , da Silva Juliana Fonseca Moreira , de Morais Paula Benevides , Leal Zimmer Fernanda M. A. , de Almeida Alex Fernando , Niculau Edenilson dos Santos , Nogueira Karolina Lima , Santos Claudia Cristina Auler do Amaral 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThe use of wild Saccharomyces and non‐Saccharomyces yeasts might result in bread with different and attractive sensory characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of Saccharomyces and non‐Saccharomyces yeasts as starter culture in dough fermentation to bread making and the physicochemical parameters and aromatic profile of bread. All 26 wild yeasts strains isolated from Brazilian Cerrado fruit and tree bark were osmotolerant, and 19.4% were able to ferment maltose. Candida tropicalis ART101.3 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae SC5952 had the best growth capacity under high concentrations of glucose and maltose. Also, they were resistant to lyophilisation. Kinetic parameters of bioreactor cultivations showed high cell growth and lower generation time with 10 g L−1 maltose. Bread produced with C. tropicalis ART101.3 and the control bread had similar physicochemical properties and acceptance of consumers. Bread with S. cerevisiae SC5951 had a lower specific volume and a different colour than control bread; however, the consumers found no significant difference. More than 70% of the consumers demonstrated purchase intention of bread produced with both wild yeasts. The present study shows the potential of native Cerrado yeasts to be used and exploited in industrial processes and contributes to the diversification of bread starter cultures.
Digestive protection of probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus in Ricotta cheese by monoglyceride structured emulsions
Authors: Melchior Sofia , Calligaris Sonia , Marino Marilena , D’Este Francesca , Honsell Giorgio , Nicoli Maria Cristina , Innocente Nadia 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThis research aimed at studying the potential use of monoglyceride (MG) structured emulsions (MSEs) as delivery and protective systems for probiotic bacteria in Ricotta cheese. To this purpose, a low‐fat commercial Ricotta cheese was added with MSEs formulated with milk, as water phase, and sunflower oil (MSE‐SO) or anhydrous milk fat (MSE‐AMF), as lipid phase. A commercial whole milk Ricotta cheese (W‐RC) was considered as reference. A probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus strain was inoculated as free cells in W‐RC or embedded into the MSEs and added to the low‐fat Ricotta at the same reference fat content. After physico‐chemical characterisation, L. rhamnosus viability and sample destructuring behaviour upon in vitro digestion were evaluated. At the end of in vitro digestion, both W‐RC and sample containing MSE‐SO were unable to protect cells. By contrast, sample with AMF ensured a sufficient probiotic viability, even after 14 days of storage at 4 °C. This result was attributed to system composition and structure. During the gastric phase, the presence of caseins and MG‐AMF mixed structures induced the formation of clots, entrapping and protecting cells against the acidic pH of the stomach, as confirmed by confocal micrographs and particle size. During the intestinal phase, cell viability was guaranteed by the formation of mixed micelles promoted by MG. It was demonstrated that microbial cells located near MG structures where they found protection.
Aim2 suppresses cigarette smoke‐induced neutrophil recruitment, neutrophil caspase‐1 activation and anti‐Ly6G‐mediated neutrophil depletion
Authors: Donovan Chantal , Kim Richard Y , Galvao Izabela , Jarnicki Andrew G , Brown Alexandra C , Jones‐Freeman Bernadette , Gomez Henry M , Wadhwa Ridhima , Hortle Elinor , Jayaraman Ranjith , Khan Haroon , Pickles Sophie , Sahu Priyanka , Chimankar Vrushali , Tu Xiaofan , Ali Md Khadem , Mayall Jemma R , Nguyen Duc H , Budden Kurtis F , Kumar Vinod , Schroder Kate , Robertson Avril AB , Cooper Matthew A , Wark Peter AB , Oliver Brian G , Horvat Jay C , Hansbro Philip M 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIncreased inflammasome responses are strongly implicated in inflammatory diseases; however, their specific roles are incompletely understood. Therefore, we sought to examine the roles of nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain–like receptor (NLR) family, pyrin domain–containing 3 (NLRP3) and absent in melanoma‐2 (AIM2) inflammasomes in cigarette smoke–induced inflammation in a model of experimental chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We targeted NLRP3 with the inhibitor MCC950 given prophylactically or therapeutically and examined Aim2−/− mice in cigarette smoke–induced experimental COPD. MCC950 treatment had minimal effects on disease development and/or progression. Aim2−/− mice had increased airway neutrophils with decreased caspase‐1 levels, independent of changes in lung neutrophil chemokines. Suppressing neutrophils with anti‐Ly6G in experimental COPD in wild‐type mice reduced neutrophils in bone marrow, blood and lung. By contrast, anti‐Ly6G treatment in Aim2−/− mice with experimental COPD had no effect on neutrophils in bone marrow, partially reduced neutrophils in the blood and had no effect on neutrophils or neutrophil caspase‐1 levels in the lungs. These findings identify that following cigarette smoke exposure, Aim2 is important for anti‐Ly6G–mediated depletion of neutrophils, suppression of neutrophil recruitment and mediates activation of caspase‐1 in neutrophils.
NR4A nuclear receptors in T and B lymphocytes: Gatekeepers of immune tolerance*
Authors: Hiwa Ryosuke , Brooks Jeremy F. , Mueller James L. , Nielsen Hailyn V. , Zikherman Julie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRandom VDJ recombination early in T and B cell development enables the adaptive immune system to recognize a vast array of evolving pathogens via antigen receptors. However, the potential of such randomly generated TCRs and BCRs to recognize and respond to self‐antigens requires layers of tolerance mechanisms to mitigate the risk of life‐threatening autoimmunity. Since they were originally cloned more than three decades ago, the NR4A family of nuclear hormone receptors have been implicated in many critical aspects of immune tolerance, including negative selection of thymocytes, peripheral T cell tolerance, regulatory T cells (Treg), and most recently in peripheral B cell tolerance. In this review, we discuss important insights from many laboratories as well as our own group into the function and mechanisms by which this small class of primary response genes promotes self‐tolerance and immune homeostasis to balance the need for host defense against the inherent risks posed by the adaptive immune system.
Influence of blueberry tissue type, wounding and cultivar on susceptibility to infection by Neofusicoccum species
Authors: Tennakoon K. M. Shanika , Ridgway Hayley J. , Jaspers Marlene V. , Jones E. Eirian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Aim
Botryosphaeriaceae causing stem blight and dieback of blueberry are important pathogens limiting economic production worldwide. This study investigated the pathogenicity and relative virulence of isolates from the Neofusicoccum species commonly associated with blueberries in New Zealand on different tissues and cultivars of blueberries.

Methods and Results
Both wounded and non-wounded fruit and flower buds and wounded attached soft green and hard green shoots were susceptible to infection by conidia of Neofusicoccum australe, Neofusicoccum parvum and Neofusicoccum ribis. N. ribis was generally most virulent, followed by N. parvum and then N. australe. Inoculation of potting mixture with N. australe or N. ribis conidia showed that potting mixtures were not a source of inoculum for infection of blueberry roots. Wounded and non-wounded leaf buds, fruit and wounded soft green shoots and hard green shoots of the different cultivars tested were susceptible to infection by N. parvum and N. ribis. Whilst the fruit of all cultivars were similarly infected, infection incidence in inoculated leaf buds was lowest in “Blue Bayou” and “Ocean Blue”. Cultivar susceptibility differed when tested on soft green shoots compared with hard green shoots, with shortest lesions developed on “Maru” on soft green shoots, and “Centra Blue” and “Ocean Blue” on hard green shoots.

Conclusions
All tested above-ground blueberry tissues, including non-wounded tissue, were susceptible to Neofusicoccum spp. All the cultivars assessed were susceptible to infection, although they varied in their relative susceptibility depending on the tissue assessed.

Significance and impact of the study
The potential for non-wounded tissue to become infected indicate that fungicides may need to be applied to protect all tissue, not just wounds.