bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the region encompassing γ Cygni SNR and MAGIC J2019+408 with the GMRT at 325 and 610 MHz
Authors: Paredes J. M. , Benaglia P. , Ishwara-Chandra C. H. , Bosch-Ramon V. , Strzys M. 
Published: March 2022

Context. γ Cygni is a young supernova remnant located in the Cygnus region. MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov) telescopes detected TeV emission (MAGIC J2019+408) to the north-west of this remnant, ~5’ from its border.
Aims. We want to identify the radio sources within the region encompassing γ Cygni and MAGIC J2019+408 to shed light on their nature and investigate if these radio sources could be potential contributors to gamma-ray emission.
Methods. We carried out a detailed study of the data we obtained with a survey of the Cygnus region at 325 and 610 MHz with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope.
Results. We detected several radio sources in the region where the radio and the TeV emission overlap, as well as several areas of enhanced radio emission. In particular, two of these areas of diffuse enhanced emission may correspond to the supernova remnant interacting with a high density region, which seems to be the best candidate for the MAGIC source. Another two radio sources, which may or may not contribute to the gamma rays, are also spatially coincident with the emission peak of the MAGIC TeV source. One of them displays a rather peculiar extended morphology whose nature is completely unknown.
Conclusions. We have identified the radio sources overlapping γ Cygni and MAGIC J2019+408 and have shown that their potential gamma-ray contribution is likely not dominant. In addition, some of the studied sources show peculiar physical characteristics that deserve deeper multi-wavelength observations.
High D/H ratios in water and alkanes in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko measured with Rosetta/ROSINA DFMS
Authors: Müller D. R. , Altwegg K. , Berthelier J. J. , Combi M. , De Keyser J. , Fuselier S. A. , Hänni N. , Pestoni B. , Rubin M. , Schroeder I. R. H. G. , Wampfler S. F. 
Published: March 2022

Context. Isotopic abundances in comets are key to understanding and reconstructing the history and origin of material in the Solar System. Data for deuterium-to-hydrogen (D/H) ratios in water are available for several comets. However, no long-term studies of the D/H ratio in water of a comet during its passage around the Sun have been reported thus far. Linear alkanes are important organic molecules that have been found on several Solar System bodies, including comets. To date, the processes of their deuteration are still poorly understood, only the upper limits of isotopic ratios for D/H and 13C/12C in linear alkanes are currently available.
Aims. The aim of this work is to carry out a detailed analysis of the D/H ratio in water as a function of cometary activity and spacecraft location above the nucleus. In addition, a first determination of the D/H and 13C/12C ratios in the first four linear alkanes, namely, methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), and butane (C4H10) in the coma of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is provided.
Methods. We analysed in situ measurements from the Rosetta/ROSINA Double Focusing Mass Spectrometer (DFMS).
Results. The D/H ratio from HDO/H2O and the 16O/17O ratio from H216O/H217O did not change during 67P’s passage around the Sun between 2014 and 2016. All D/H ratio measurements were compatible within 1σ, with the mean value of 5.01 × 10−4 and its relative variation of 2.0%. This suggests that the D/H ratio in 67P’s coma is independent of heliocentric distance, level of cometary activity, or spacecraft location with respect to the nucleus. Additionally, the 16O/17O ratio could be determined with a higher accuracy than previously possible, yielding a value of 2347 with a relative variation of 2.3%. For the alkanes, the D/H ratio is between 4.1 and 4.8 times higher than in H2O, while the 13C/12C ratio is compatible, within the uncertainties, with the available data for other Solar System objects. The relatively high D/H ratio in alkanes is in line with results for other cometary organic molecules and it suggests that these organics may be inherited from the presolar molecular cloud from which the Solar System formed.
Periodic orbits in the 1:2:3 resonant chain and their impact on the orbital dynamics of the Kepler-51 planetary system
Authors: Antoniadou Kyriaki I. , Voyatzis George 
Published: March 2022

Aims. Space missions have discovered a large number of exoplanets evolving in (or close to) mean-motion resonances (MMRs) and resonant chains. Often, the published data exhibit very high uncertainties due to the observational limitations that introduce chaos into the evolution of the system on especially shorter or longer timescales. We propose a study of the dynamics of such systems by exploring particular regions in phase space.
Methods. We exemplify our method by studying the long-term orbital stability of the three-planet system Kepler-51 and either favor or constrain its data. It is a dual process which breaks down in two steps: the computation of the families of periodic orbits in the 1:2:3 resonant chain and the visualization of the phase space through maps of dynamical stability.
Results. We present novel results for the general four-body problem. Stable periodic orbits were found only in the low-eccentricity regime. We demonstrate three possible scenarios safeguarding Kepler-51, each followed by constraints. Firstly, there are the 2/1 and 3/2 two-body MMRs, in which eb < 0.02, such that these two-body MMRs last for extended time spans. Secondly, there is the 1:2:3 three-body Laplace-like resonance, in which ec < 0.016 and ed < 0.006 are necessary for such a chain to be viable. Thirdly, there is the combination comprising the 1/1 secondary resonance inside the 2/1 MMR for the inner pair of planets and an apsidal difference oscillation for the outer pair of planets in which the observational eccentricities, eb and ec, are favored as long as ed ≈ 0.
Conclusions. With the aim to obtain an optimum deduction of the orbital elements, this study showcases the need for dynamical analyses based on periodic orbits performed in parallel to the fitting processes.
Dipsacus fullonum L. – die Wilde Karde
Authors: Mundt Sabine 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Wilde Karde, Dipsacus fullonum L., ist eine bereits im Altertum zur
Behandlung von Hautirritationen, als Einreibung bei Schmerzen, zur
Verdauungsförderung und als schweiß- und harntreibendes Mittel
genutzte Heilpflanze. Neben ätherischem Öl, das vorwiegend aus
Fettsäuren und Phytol besteht, kommen in der Pflanze Iridoide,
Phenylacrylsäureester und Flavonoide vor. Aus In-vitro-Tests sind moderate
antimikrobielle Wirkungen gegen E. coli, St. aureus und Borrelia
burgdorferi sensu lato sowie einige pathogene Pilze bekannt.
Außerdem werden antioxidative, zytotoxische und enzymhemmende Wirkungen
beschrieben. Aufgrund der wenigen bisher publizierten wissenschaftlichen Daten ist
ohne weitere Untersuchungen zu Inhaltsstoffspektrum und Wirkungen eine
therapeutische Anwendung der Wilden Karde nicht zu empfehlen.
Neue europäische Herzinsuffizienz-Leitlinie 2021 – Paradigmenwechsel in der Therapie
Authors: Herrmann Ester , Huisl Philipp , Aßmus Birgit 
Published: March 2022

Was ist neu?
Neuer medikamentöser Therapie-Algorithmus für Herzinsuffizienz mit LVEF ≤ 40 % Für Herzinsuffizienz mit reduzierter Pumpfunktion ≤ 40 % (HFrEF) empfehlen die neuen Herzinsuffizienz-Leitlinien 2021 der ESC einen grundlegend neuen Behandlungsalgorithmus. Dieser sieht vor, dass alle 4 letalitätssenkenden Substanzen (ARNI oder ACE-Hemmer, Betablocker, MRA und SGLT-2-Inhibitoren) so früh wie möglich gegeben werden. Das konventionelle Stufenschema mit schrittweiser Erhöhung wird nicht mehr empfohlen.
Empfehlungen für HfpEF Vereinfacht wurde der Diagnose-Algorithmus für die HFpEF, der nun neben Symptomen und Zeichen einer Herzinsuffizienz, einer LVEF ≥ 50 % zusätzlich objektive Kriterien für eine strukturelle und/oder funktionelle Auffälligkeit mit diastolischer Dysfunktion und erhöhten Füllungsdrücken fordert sowie erhöhte natriuretische Peptide. Für die Behandlung der HFpEF gibt es keine Veränderungen im Vergleich zu 2016, jedoch ist hier eine kurzfristige Überarbeitung der Leitlinie zu erwarten.
Bedeutung ausgewählter Begleit-Erkrankungen Die primäre Empfehlung bei Vorhofflimmern ist die Antikoagulation mittels NOAK. Der Stellenwert der PVI ist aufgewertet worden. Die Entscheidung zur Transkatheter-Therapie einer sekundären Mitralklappen-Insuffizienz sollte bei Vorliegen entsprechender Kriterien im Heartteam getroffen werden.
Fortgeschrittene Herzinsuffizienz Für die Diagnose einer fortgeschrittenen Herzinsuffizienz wurden 4 Kriterien definiert. Diese umfassen schwere und persistierende Symptome NYHA III oder IV, den Nachweis einer schweren kardialen Dysfunktion, Episoden von Stauung, die mittels i. v. Diuretika und/oder Inotropika behandelt werden müssen, maligne Arrhythmien und eine schwere Einschränkung der Belastungskapazität. Für diese Patienten gibt es einen neuen Behandlungsalgorithmus, in welchem der Stellenwert der mechanischen Kreislaufunterstützung aufgewertet wurde.
Akute Herzinsuffizienz Für Patienten mit akuter Herzinsuffizienz wird nach der Entlassung aus der stationären Behandlung eine Einbindung in ein „Disease Management Program“ und in ein multimodales, multiprofessionelles Therapiekonzept empfohlen.
Hantavirus-Erkrankungen: Ein Update
Authors: Hofmann Jörg , Loyen Martin , Faber Mirko , Krüger Detlev H. 
Published: March 2022

Was ist neu?
Klinik und Therapie Neben den gut bekannten klinischen Symptomen der Hantavirus-Erkrankung (Fieber, Flanken- und abdominelle Schmerzen sowie Arthralgien) geraten zunehmend auch ungewöhnliche neurologische Veränderungen im Rahmen der Infektion in den Fokus. Das Spektrum reicht von passageren Myopien bis zu schweren Paresen im Rahmen eines Guillain-Barré-Syndroms. In Endemiegebieten sind Schnellteste auf IgM-Antikörper zur Ersteinschätzung eine differenzialdiagnostische Hilfe. Therapeutisch stehen weiterhin nur supportive Maßnahmen bis zur passageren Dialyse zur Verfügung.
Ausbruchsregionen in Deutschland und regionale Unterscheidung der Virusstämme Durch molekulargenetische Analyse und Vergleich von Hantavirus-Stämmen aus Patienten und Mäusen desselben geografischen Gebietes konnten Viren verschiedener Ausbruchsregionen charakterisiert werden. Inzwischen sind die Puumalaviren der Haupt-Ausbruchsregionen in Deutschland molekular so gut charakterisiert, dass anhand der Nukleotidsequenz des im Patienten nachgewiesenen Virusstammes Rückschlüsse auf die Gegend möglich sind, in der die Infektion des Patienten stattgefunden hat.
Nachweis weiterer pathogener Hantaviren in Deutschland Die bislang nachgewiesenen humanpathogenen Hantaviren in Deutschland sind das Puumalavirus (Reservoir: Rötelmaus) und das Dobrava-Belgrad-Virus, Genotyp Kurkino (Reservoir: Brandmaus). Kürzlich gelang der molekulare Nachweis von weiteren Hantaviren in Patienten mit entsprechender klinischer Symptomatik. Man kann davon ausgehen, dass auch das Seoulvirus (Reservoir: Ratten) und das Tulavirus (Reservoir: Feldmaus und verwandte Arten) in Deutschland vereinzelt Hantavirus-Erkrankungen auslösen.
Viruseintritt auch über den Darm? Neue Ergebnisse lassen es möglich erscheinen, dass die Infektion des Menschen nicht nur auf dem üblichen Weg der Einatmung virushaltiger Aerosole erfolgen kann, sondern auch durch Ingestion virushaltigen Materials.
Zur Frage der Mensch-zu-Mensch-Übertragung von Hantaviren Bei Patienten mit Hantavirus-Infektion bzw. -Erkrankung kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass diese für ihre Umwelt nicht infektiös sind. Ein neues systematisches Review konnte auch die zuvor in Einzelfällen für südamerikanische Hantaviren postulierte Mensch-zu-Mensch-Übertragung nicht bestätigen.
Neue Hantaviren in neuen Wirten Während alle bekannten humanpathogenen Hantaviren von Nagetieren übertragen werden, wurden in den letzten Jahren weitere Hantaviren in Spitzmäusen, Maulwürfen und Fledermäusen nachgewiesen. Die klinische Bedeutung dieser neuen Viren ist noch weitgehend unbekannt.
„Gut gekaut ist halb verdaut“
Authors: Zielinski Johanna 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungKauen spielt eine große, wenn auch kaum beachtete Rolle in unserem Alltag. Wir denken nicht darüber nach, es funktioniert nebenbei. Dass gründliches Kauen und langsames Essen zu einem gesunden Essverhalten gehört, ist eine längst bekannte und tradierte Weisheit. Inzwischen empfehlen mehr und mehr Experten, gründlich zu kauen und den Essvorgang zu entschleunigen – auch im Hinblick auf die Gewichtskontrolle.
One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Arylindole Derivatives under Transition-Metal-Free Conditions
Authors: Ngernmeesri Paiboon , Kraikruan Panitan , Rakchaya Intouch , Sang-aroon Pattarapon , Chuanopparat Nutthawat 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA new and simple method for preparing 2-arylindole derivatives under transition-metal-free conditions has been developed. When N-(2-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)acetamide was treated with 2-fluorobenzaldehydes in the presence of Cs2CO3 in DMF at 60 °C, the desired indoles were typically obtained in moderate to good yields (up to 83%). When other aniline substrates were employed, only a Knoevenagel condensation occurred, giving the corresponding diarylethenes in moderate to excellent yields.
Sekundärglaukome im Rahmen retinaler Erkrankungen
Authors: Greslechner Roman , Helbig Horst 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungEine Vielzahl retinaler Erkrankungen kann zur Entwicklung eines Glaukoms führen. Die häufigste Form dieser Sekundärglaukome sind die Neovaskularisationsglaukome, die den Hauptteil dieser
Übersicht bilden. Dabei handelt sich um ein schwerwiegendes Krankheitsbild, das in mehreren Stadien verläuft, wobei die Prognose mit zunehmendem Stadium ungünstiger und die Therapie
herausfordernder wird. Neben Pathogenese und Diagnostik wird daher ein Schwerpunkt auf die Früherkennung und eine an das jeweilige Krankheitsstadium angepasste Therapie gelegt. Auch
seltenere Sekundärglaukome im Rahmen intraokularer Tumoren sowie Glaukome assoziiert mit einer Netzhautablösung (Schwartz-Matsuo-Syndrom) und Glaukome, die im Spätverlauf nach
unkomplizierter Vitrektomie auftreten, werden in dieser Übersicht diskutiert.
One Year Prevalence of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in France: Patients' Characteristics, Time Trends, and Outcomes
Authors: Gabet Amélie , Grave Clémence , Tuppin Philippe , Olié Valérie , Emmerich Joseph 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) are at high risk of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).
Objectives The aims were to provide time trends in the 2020 nation-wide prevalence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients hospitalized with a COVID-19 diagnosis in France, and to describe in-hospital and up to 30-day postdischarge death.
Methods All patients hospitalized in France with a COVID-19 diagnosis in 2020 were selected. Crude and age-adjusted prevalence of VTE and PE was computed by 4-week intervals and for the overall study period using Poisson regression. Time trends in in-hospital and 30-day postdischarge case-fatality rates were evaluated by comparing each 4-week intervals to weeks 10 to 14 corresponding to the first part of the first lockdown using logistic regression models.
Results Among the 287,638 patients hospitalized with a COVID-19 diagnosis in 2020 in France, 14,985 (5.2%) had a concomitant VTE, with 10,453 (3.6%) having PE and 4,532 (1.6%) having DVT. In patients admitted to intensive care units, the crude prevalence of VTE and PE reached 16.1 and 11.0% respectively during the first lockdown. After adjustment, the prevalence of VTE and PE decreased during the year 2020 but a rebound was observed during the second lockdown. In-hospital case-fatality rates among hospitalized COVID-19 patients with PE globally decreased between the first and the second epidemic waves.
Conclusion Our study showed a decrease in the incidence of symptomatic VTE and PE in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and a decreased time trend of outcomes during the second wave compared with the first one.
A high-speed radiation imaging system based on liquid scintillator filled capillary arrays
Authors: Song Y. , Zhang M. , Duan B. J. , Yan W. P. , Sheng L. , Song G. Z. , Ma J. M. , Han C. C. , Yao Z. M. 
Published: March 2022

A high-speed radiation imaging system based on an image converter of liquid scintillator filled capillary arrays has been developed, which is sensitive to x rays, gamma rays, and neutrons. This imaging system has advantages of both high spatial resolution and high sensitivity because increasing the thickness of the image converter only leads to little deterioration on imaging resolution. The capillary arrays have dimensions of 150 mm diameter and 50 mm thickness, with 100 µm diameter of each capillary. The fluorescence decay time of the filled liquid scintillator based on the mixture of p-xylene and 2,5-diphenyloxazole has been evaluated to be ∼3 ns with the single photon method under the gamma ray excitation. The spatial resolution has been experimentally evaluated to be about 1.15 and 0.6 mm, under excitation of x rays and neutrons, respectively. The imaging system has been applied for diagnosing the dynamic x-ray spot generated by the rod pinch. Two frames in single shot with 15 ns temporal resolution and 20 ns inter-frame separation time have been obtained, which show the spatiotemporal distribution of the electrons bombarding the tungsten rod, indicating the ability of this imaging system in diagnosing dynamic radiation objects. In addition, the technique of capillary arrays provides a promising path for applications of advanced liquid scintillators in the field of radiation imaging.
Ameliorative effect of Halopteris filicina extracts on growth parameters and genomic DNA template stability of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under lead chloride stress
Authors: Unal Dilek , Sevim Gulcin , Varis Gokay , Tuney-Kizilkaya Inci , Turkyilmaz Unal Bengu , Ozturk Munir 
Published: March 2022

Lead is a toxic element that accumulates in agricultural soils through various anthropogenic sources. It inhibits the growth and development of plants and causes mutations in DNA. Macroalgae such as Halopteris filicina contain multifunctional components that may improve plant tolerance to lead stress. In this study, seeds of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were subjected to six treatments comprising two levels of lead exposure (60 or 120 μM PbCl2) with or without H. filicina extract (0.5% in distilled water), a distilled water control, and a positive control (H. filicina extract) for 7 days. Physiological responses were investigated. Seedlings that had been treated with 60 and 120 μM PbCl2 without H. filicina extract showed root growth reduction of 55% and 68.6%, respectively, relative to the control, whereas for 60 and 120 μM PbCl2-treated seedlings with H. filicina extract applied, the reductions in root growth were lower, at 27.44% and 50.51%. The seedling viability index was decreased by 68.14% at 120 μM PbCl2 application without H. filicina extract, whereas a 42.48% reduction was recorded for 120 μM PbCl2-treated seedlings with H. filicina extract applied. Moreover, PbCl2 accumulation resulted in a decrease in leaf pigment content. Leaf pigment content was high in plants receiving the H. filicina extract. The rate of lipid peroxidation caused by PbCl2 was reduced with application of H. filicina extract. Genomic template stability was determined by using the inter simple sequence repeat-PCR technique, which revealed a decrease in DNA stabilisation with an increase in lead accumulation. However, this was alleviated by application of H. filicina extract. Our findings indicate that H. filicina extract both stimulates plant growth and protects from toxic effects by reducing accumulation of metals in the cell.
Peripheral Aβ acts as a negative modulator of insulin secretion
Authors: Shigemori Keiko , Nomura Sachiko , Umeda Tomohiro , Takeda Shuko , Tomiyama Takami 
Published: March 2022

SignificanceThe cerebral accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While type 2 diabetes mellitus is known to be a risk factor for AD, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that plasma Aβ is produced from glucose- and insulin-susceptible peripheral tissues, such as the pancreas, adipose tissues, skeletal muscles, and liver, to inhibit insulin secretion from islet β-cells. Our findings suggest a physiological role of peripheral Aβ in glucose and insulin metabolism and a possible mechanism linking diabetes to AD. In addition, although plasma Aβ levels are currently used as a diagnostic biomarker of AD, our data suggest they should be used with caution.
Sub-optical-cycle electron pulse trains from metal nanotips
Authors: Eldar Maor , Abo-Toame Salma , Krüger Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The coherent modulation of swift electron beams with strong laser fields has enabled the generation of attosecond electron pulses, opening up new research avenues in ultrafast science. Here we study a comparatively simple alternative, the production of electron pulse trains directly at the source. In our theory work, we show that sub-optical-cycle electron bursts induced by tunneling photoemission from a metal nanotip can retain the temporal fingerprint of their emission dynamics in a typical low-energy point-projection microscope setup. We find that strong acceleration by a static field, a short propagation distance and a sufficiently large optical cycle duration mitigate temporal smearing due to matter-wave dispersion. Our approach enables studies of coherent interactions of slow electrons with matter on sub-femtosecond and nanometer scales, a regime which has hitherto remained inaccessible.
Mini band gap generation in magnetic beta-borophene: effects of optical phonon interaction
Authors: Akay Defne , Maiti Santanu K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this work we report for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the tunable electronic properties of beta-borophene (BB) on the polar substrate (

Zr

O

2

). We provide an analytical prescription for the calculation of ground state energy in the presence of the electron–phonon (e-ph) interaction, within the framework of the Lee-Low-Pines theory. In the theoretical investigation of the polaron formation in BB, we describe its effective masses, polaronic band-gap, mobility, and Fermi velocities, which are different in each coordinate due to the out-of-plane buckling structure. We also analyze how the average effective mass and Fermi velocities of the charge carriers in the buckling structure are affected by the external magnetic field. It is shown that the polaronic energy becomes more effective in presence of a magnetic field, which we confirm through an analytical prescription. The characteristics of the evolution of average effective mass and average effective Fermi velocity in the presence of a magnetic field are critically discussed. We find that the average effective Fermi velocity is less sensitive, while the mass is greatly influenced by the magnetic field.