bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phishing website detection: How effective are deep learning‐based models and hyperparameter optimization?
Authors: Almousa May , Zhang Tianyang , Sarrafzadeh Abdolhossein , Anwar Mohd 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhishing websites are fraudulent websites that appear legitimate and trick unsuspecting users into interacting with them, stealing their valuable information. Because phishing attacks are a leading cause of data breach, different anti‐phishing solutions have been explored for cybersecurity management including machine learning‐based technical approaches. However, there is a gap in understanding how robust deep learning‐based models together with hyperparameter optimization are for phishing website detection. In this vein, this study pursues the tasks of developing parsimonious deep learning models and hyperparameter optimization to achieve high accuracy and reproducible results for phishing website detection. This paper demonstrates a systematic process of building detection models based on three deep learning algorithm architectures (Long Short‐Term Memory‐based detection models, Fully Connected Deep Neural Network‐based detection models, and convolutional neural network‐based detection models) that are built and evaluated using four publicly available phishing website datasets, achieving the best accuracy of 97.37%. We also compared two different optimization algorithms for hyperparameter optimization: Grid Search and Genetic Algorithm, which contributed to 0.1%–1% increase in accuracy.
The Defect in René Ouvrard’s Harmonic Proportions
Authors: Taraldsen Simen Dalen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn 1679, René Ouvrard published a pamphlet about the relationship between musical harmonies and architectural proportions called Architecture Harmonique, ou Application de la Doctrine des Proportions de la Musique à l’Architecture. The pamphlet presents a normative system of correlations between musical harmonies and architectural proportions, based on an analogous understanding of hearing and vision. Ouvrard claims that the system is infallible. In this paper, evidence regarding problems associated with Ouvrard’s normative system based on the correlations between musical harmonies and architectural proportions presented in Architecture Harmonique is showcased, implying that the system to a certain extent is fallible. Based on the argument, the problems are made possible by Ouvrard’s philosophical framework.
The effect of contact conditions on the performance of flexural seismic metasurfaces
Authors: Alzaidi Ahmed S. M. , Kaplunov Julius , Prikazchikova Ludmila , Wootton Peter , Nikonov Anatolij 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPlane-strain motion of a flexural seismic metasurface in the form of a regular array of thin Kirchhoff plates attached to the surface of an elastic half-space is analysed. Two types of contact conditions, including simply supported plates and plates moving along horizontal rails are studied. Dispersion of time harmonic waves is investigated both asymptotically and numerically. A major effect of the contact conditions on metasurface behaviour is discovered. In particular, it is shown that frequency band gaps are not the feature of the array composed of simply supported plates. It is also demonstrated that the scaling laws, expressed through geometric and material problem parameters, drastically differ from each other for two considered setups.
Coral and Seawater Metagenomes Reveal Key Microbial Functions to Coral Health and Ecosystem Functioning Shaped at Reef Scale
Authors: Lima Laís F. O. , Alker Amanda T. , Papudeshi Bhavya , Morris Megan M. , Edwards Robert A. , de Putron Samantha J. , Dinsdale Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe coral holobiont is comprised of a highly diverse microbial community that provides key services to corals such as protection against pathogens and nutrient cycling. The coral surface mucus layer (SML) microbiome is very sensitive to external changes, as it constitutes the direct interface between the coral host and the environment. Here, we investigate whether the bacterial taxonomic and functional profiles in the coral SML are shaped by the local reef zone and explore their role in coral health and ecosystem functioning. The analysis was conducted using metagenomes and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) associated with the coral Pseudodiploria strigosa and the water column from two naturally distinct reef environments in Bermuda: inner patch reefs exposed to a fluctuating thermal regime and the more stable outer reefs. The microbial community structure in the coral SML varied according to the local environment, both at taxonomic and functional levels. The coral SML microbiome from inner reefs provides more gene functions that are involved in nutrient cycling (e.g., photosynthesis, phosphorus metabolism, sulfur assimilation) and those that are related to higher levels of microbial activity, competition, and stress response. In contrast, the coral SML microbiome from outer reefs contained genes indicative of a carbohydrate-rich mucus composition found in corals exposed to less stressful temperatures and showed high proportions of microbial gene functions that play a potential role in coral disease, such as degradation of lignin-derived compounds and sulfur oxidation. The fluctuating environment in the inner patch reefs of Bermuda could be driving a more beneficial coral SML microbiome, potentially increasing holobiont resilience to environmental changes and disease.
Die Zerstörung der Agilität
Authors: Wiesmann Dirk 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Begriffagilwird in der IT und speziell in der Softwaretechnik häufig genutzt. Diese breite Verwendung ist verwunderlich, da der Begriffagilin der Softwaretechnik gar nicht ausreichend definiert ist.Die Beliebigkeit des Begriffsagilbirgt die Gefahr von unbegründeten Entscheidungen und ideologischen Diskussionen. Beides bremst den weiteren Erkenntnisgewinn in der Softwaretechnik aus. Der Begriffagilsollte daher im professionellen und wissenschaftlichen Umfeld nicht weiter verwendet werden.In diesem Artikel wird der Begriffagilkritisch beleuchtet und es wird herausgearbeitet, welcher Begriff den Kerngedanken der Agilität besser ausdrückt.
Age-related changes of the periocular morphology: a two- and three-dimensional anthropometry study in Caucasians
Authors: Liu Jinhua , Rokohl Alexander C. , Liu Honglei , Fan Wanlin , Li Senmao , Hou Xiaoyi , Ju Sitong , Guo Yongwei , Heindl Ludwig M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To determine age-and sex-related changes in periocular morphology in Caucasians using a standardized protocol.

Methods
Healthy Caucasian volunteers aged 18–35 and 60–90 years old were recruited from the Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Cologne, between October 2018 and May 2020. Volunteers with facial asymmetry, facial deformities, history of facial trauma, facial surgery, botox injection, eyelid ptosis, strabismus, or nystagmus, were excluded. Standardized three-dimensional facial photos of 68 young volunteers and 73 old volunteers were taken in this clinical practice. Position changes of endocanthion, pupil center, and exocanthion were analyzed in different age and gender groups, including palpebral fissure width (PFW): distance between endocanthions (En-En), pupil centers (Pu–Pu), exocanthions (Ex-Ex), endocanthion and nasion (En-Na), pupil center and nasion (Pu-Na), exocanthion and nasion (Ex-Na), endocanthion and pupil center (Pu-En), exocanthion and pupil center (Pu-Ex), and palpebral fissure inclination (PFI); angle of endocanthions to nasion (En-Na-En), pupils to nasion (Pu-Na-Pu), exocanthions to nasion (Ex-Na-Ex); endocanthion inclination (EnI), and exocanthion inclination (ExI).

Results
PFW, En-En, Ex-Na, Pu-Ex, PFI, ExI, and Ex-Na-Ex were significantly different between the young and old groups (p ≤ 0.004). There were sex-related differences in PFW, Ex-Ex, En-Na, Pu-Na, Ex-Na, Pu-En, PFI, and EnI between both groups (p ≤ 0.041).

Conclusion
The position change of the pupil is minimal relative to age; it is preferred to establish the reference plane to describe periocular changes. The endocanthion tends to move temporally and inferiorly, while the exocanthion tends to shift nasally and inferiorly with age.
Body size in Batesian mimicry
Authors: Taylor Christopher H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA variety of traits is available for predators to distinguish unpalatable prey from palatable Batesian mimics. Among them, body size has received little attention as a possible mimetic trait. Size should influence predator behaviour if it shows variation between models and mimics, is detectable by the predator in question, and is not overshadowed by other traits more salient to the predator. Simple predictions within mimetic populations are that perfect mimics receive the lowest predation rate. However, prey body size is typically tightly linked to the nutritional yield and handling time for a successful predator, as well as likely being correlated with a model’s levels of defence. In certain circumstances, these confounding factors might mean that (a) selection pressures on a mimic’s size either side of the model’s phenotype are not symmetrical, (b) the optimal body size for a mimic is not necessarily equal to that of the model, and/or (c) for predators, attacking better mimics of a model’s body size more readily is adaptive. I discuss promising avenues for improving our understanding of body size as a mimetic trait, including the importance of treatments that range in both directions from the model’s size. Further work is required to understand how body size ranks in saliency against other mimetic traits such as pattern. Comparative studies could investigate whether mimics are limited to resembling only models that are already similar in size.
The “open family firm”: openness as boundary work in family enterprises
Authors: Lambrechts Frank , Huybrechts Jolien , De Massis Alfredo , Lehmann Erik E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract “Openness” has become an established norm in the contemporary business environment. However, despite the crucial importance of boundaries and boundary work in organization and management theory, openness—as opening up boundaries of family firms and entrepreneurial families in collaborating with external actors—has received only nascent attention in the family business domain. We introduce the notion of openness in the family business field. Drawing on the organizational boundary and family business literatures, we develop a conceptual framework of family firm openness as boundary work and examine and discuss the drivers, mechanisms, and consequences of openness in family enterprises. Then, drawing on this framework, we set out an agenda for future research that will contribute to a better understanding of openness, boundaries, and boundary work in family firms and entrepreneurial families. We conclude by discussing some contemporary examples of research on the “open family firm.”
Space allowance: a tool for improving behavior, milk and meat production, and reproduction performance of buffalo in different housing systems—a review
Authors: El Sabry Mohamed I. , Almasri Obaida 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBuffalo population has dramatically increased during the last two decades, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Although buffalo are important milk and meat-producing animal, still practices of buffalo farming and welfare aspects are not well established. Housing system and stocking density are significant factors that affect the welfare and production of animals; however, no space allowance standards have been demonstrated for buffalo at different ages. This review article presents the following: (1) an overview of buffalo subtypes and the geographical distribution of buffalo populations and their production; (2) the effect of housing systems and space allowance on the social behavior and welfare indices; (3) the effects of space allowance on milk production and growth performance of buffalo; and (4) the relationship between space allowance and reproductive performance. Although the limited data in this area of research, it can be driven that a larger space allowance with access to a pool, especially during the hot season, maintains buffalo production at optimal levels. Moreover, optimal floor space improves the welfare and social indices of buffalo; however, there are discrepancies in aggressive and agonistic behavior results. Surprisingly, the reproductive performance of buffalo was not affected by space allowance. Therefore, further research is needed to identify the impact of the housing aspects, including space allowance and enrichment tools, on the productive performance, and welfare indices of buffalo. This would assist in implementing welfare-economic standards for buffalo production and reveal the potentiality of this eco-friendly animal.
Water Transfer Redistributes Sediment in Small Mountain Reservoirs
Authors: Li Tingyu , Pasternack Gregory B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractReservoir sedimentation management has become an important topic for large dams in the United States due to their historical design, current age, and increased environmental regulation. Less attention has been paid to small dams (hydraulic size < 0.01) in remote mountains with urgent sedimentation problems. In drier climates, such reservoirs may be frequently drained and trans-catchment flows routed over their sediment deposits heading from one mountain tunnel to another. This study asked an unexplored scientific question focusing on this special setting: how do different amounts of water transfers interact with different reservoir stages to affect sediment erosion and its redistribution in the backwater zone? Mindful timing and magnitude adjustment of water transfer, involving water diverted across watersheds by tunnels, through a reservoir were hypothesized to strategically redistribute sediment erosion for sites with water transfer/diversion facilities in the main channel. For a study site in the north-central Sierra Mountains of California, 2D hydrodynamic modeling revealed that sediment erosion within the backwater zone increased by > 100% when water transfer was maximized, involving a flow 12 times higher than mean annual discharge. With reservoir stage drawdown, the increment of sediment erosion was further increased by > 50% compared with water-transfer-only scenarios. The natural upstream inflow with daily flow occurrence of 5–25% was the optimal water transfer to avoid disturbing sediment. These results indicated that water transfer and stage drawdown optimization is a promising strategy to promote or abate redistribution of deposited sediment through a smaller reservoir.
Gas Flow and Pressure Drop in Charge Material in Silicon Production
Authors: Ringdalen Eli , Einarsrud Kristian E. , Nordhus Astrid 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGassing, outbursts of high-rate gas flows through the taphole, is a phenomenon that sometimes occurs during tapping of silicon furnaces. In addition to being an HSE challenge, this might also affect the tapping, while the warm gas might harm the equipment in the tapping area. The pressure above the metal bath, influencing the gassing, is affected by permeability, and the gas flow through the charge materials in the furnace. Pressure drop and permeability have been measured for different gas velocities through particle beds of different charge mixtures, with the raw materials and particle sizes used in industrial silicon production. The experimental results have been upscaled to conditions in industrial furnaces through modeling flow in a packed bed. The findings are compared with results from measurements of pressure drop in industrial furnaces.
Competency in trauma surgery: a national survey of trainees and consultants
Authors: Flanagan Michael , Ryan Jessica , Bass Gary , Barry Kevin , Traynor Oscar , McMonagle Morgan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
The current sparsity of surgical trainees’ exposure to training in operative trauma surgery is multifactorial. This concern has been addressed in the revised Intercollegiate Surgical Curriculum Programme (ISCP) for general and vascular surgery (2021). In the lead up to its implementation, we aimed to assess both trainee and consultant confidence levels as a surrogate reflection in the core competency operative skills in general emergency trauma surgery, identify individual experience in commonly performed trauma procedures and gauge interest in a career in trauma surgery.

Method
An online survey was circulated to general surgery and vascular surgery trainees and consultants. Self-reported competencies were assessed using a 1–10 confidence rating scale. Most questions were based on competencies in emergency trauma surgery as set out by the ISCP.

Results
Out of 251 surgical trainees and consultants, 119 responded to our survey (47.4% response rate). Less than half (44.1%; n = 52) of respondents had experienced a trauma thoracotomy. Respondents scored ‘somewhat’ or ‘not at all’ competent in the majority of competencies assessed.

Conclusion
Self-reported competencies in operative trauma skills across all subgroups were sub-standard with incremental levels of perceived competence proportional to years of surgical training. Our data supports the necessity of the new curriculum, in addition to modern training pathways with direct exposure to operative trauma surgery involving dedicated trauma centres and networks, and responsibility of training pathways in the provision of training trauma surgery.
A novel anomaly detection scheme for high dimensional systems using Kantorovich distance statistic
Authors: Madakyaru Muddu , Kini K. Ramakrishna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe partial least squares (PLS) is a commonly applied multi-variate method in anomaly detection problems. The PLS strategy has been amalgamated with $$T^{2}$$

T
2

and squared prediction error (SPE) based statistical indicators to detect anomalies in process. These traditional indicators have few setbacks that has made them ineffective in monitoring applications. Hence, a statistical indicator based on Kantorovich distance (KD) is proposed for detecting sensor anomalies in this study. The proposed strategy integrates anomaly indicator based on KD metric with PLS based multi-variate method. The KD metric computes difference between the residuals of anomaly-free data and the data with anomaly and uses this distance as an indicator of anomaly. The proposed strategy’s critical feature is that a single anomaly indicator is sufficient to be integrated with PLS modeling framework. The Tennessee Eastman process benchmark and experimental distillation column processes data are used for assessing the performance of the proposed strategy. Further, comparisons have been provided between KD, $$T^{2}$$

T
2

, SPE and Generalized Likelihood Ratio indicators. The results demonstrate the superiority of the KD statistical indicator in detecting sensor anomalies in comparison to the traditional indicators of PLS based strategy. The KD indicator integrated with PLS framework also enhances the detection of small magnitude anomalies.
Decline and substitution of Spanish future subjunctive in northwest and southwest Colombia from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries
Authors: López-Barrios Wílmar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe use of future subjunctive (FS) has suffered a steady decline in written Spanish from the fourteenth century. It is not clear whether it disappeared similarly in each clause, and whether its use was determined by regional distinctions to be considered as a dialectal feature. Granda (1986) suggested that the Hispanic Caribbean countries in the Americas were more conservative in the use of FS in contrast to other regions in a southerly direction. Ramírez-Luengo (2008), however, argued that FS decline occurred uniformly in the Americas, with the eighteenth century being the critical time for the substitution. In a sample of 45 legal documents (60,852 words) from the sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries, issued in northwest and southwest Colombia, the proportions of FS and other alternating forms were equally likely in both regions. FS tabulations were less likely to occur in the nineteenth century within relative clauses, while they were equally likely to occur in conditional protases. This suggests that FS in written Spanish does not show dialectal differences and that its decline might have occurred earlier in relative clauses than conditional protases, probably due to a stylistic motivation.
Characterization of random variables with stationary digits
Authors: Cornean Horia D. , Herbst Ira W. , Møller Jesper , Sørensen Kasper S. , Støttrup Benjamin B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLet
$q\ge2$
be an integer,
$\{X_n\}_{n\geq 1}$
a stochastic process with state space
$\{0,\ldots,q-1\}$
, and F the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of
$\sum_{n=1}^\infty X_n q^{-n}$
. We show that stationarity of
$\{X_n\}_{n\geq 1}$
is equivalent to a functional equation obeyed by F, and use this to characterize the characteristic function of X and the structure of F in terms of its Lebesgue decomposition. More precisely, while the absolutely continuous component of F can only be the uniform distribution on the unit interval, its discrete component can only be a countable convex combination of certain explicitly computable CDFs for probability distributions with finite support. We also show that
$\mathrm{d} F$
is a Rajchman measure if and only if F is the uniform CDF on [0, 1].
Microbial degradation of Pleistocene permafrost-sealed fossil mammal remains
Authors: Calábková Gabriela , Chlachula Jiří , Ivanov Martin , Hložková Michaela , Czerniawska Jolanta , Vašinová-Galiová Michaela , Prokeš Lubomír , Gadas Petr 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPaleontological remains retrieved from permafrost represent the most informative records of Pleistocene ecosystems. Different levels of past microbial activity affecting fossil material preservation are presented for two selected bone samples—an almost intactBisonsp. metacarpus (45.0 ± 5.014C ka BP) and a weatheredEquussp. metacarpus (37.8 ± 1.714C ka BP) from the recently exposed cryogenic geo-contexts in the Yana River basin, NE Yakutia. Diagenetic changes in bone porosity and chemical composition as a result of the past microbial activity were investigated by multiple analytical methods. In the bison bone, which was permafrost-sealed shortly after death of the animal and conserved for ca. 45 ka in a frozen state in a cryolithic formation, only superficial microbial degradation processes were detected. Progressive microbial attacks characterize the horse bone, which was exposed to MIS 3 sub-aerial biogenic decay and modern surficial weathering. This is evidenced by extensive bacterial micro-boring with the typical focal destructions, an increase in microbial porosity, and de-mineralized osseous zones due to waterlogged and poorly oxygenated past depositional conditions. New information contributes to better understanding of the diagenesis particularities and the associated chemical and biological agents of the fossil osteological assemblages with respect to their taphonomic and paleoenvironmental implications.