bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Development of Indonesia and Nigeria in the First Two Decades of Democracy: Divergence or Convergence?
Authors: Babagana Adamu Waziri 
Published: October 2022

Indonesia and Nigeria are considered suitable candidates for comparative analysis because of their similarities in natural endowments and geographical attributes, demography, economic structure, sociocultural diversity, and political history. Indonesia began to achieve rapid growth in the 1980s while Nigeria did not. During that period, economic policies in the two countries diverged, and this led to sustained economic growth in Indonesia and prolonged economic decline in Nigeria. However, as the countries transitioned to democratic rule in 1999 following the collapse of authoritarian regimes, some aspects of their political and economic trajectories revealed a trend towards convergence. Using the descriptive comparison of secondary data, the researcher analyzed those converging paths and the areas where the divergence continues. The study concludes that despite exhibiting more signs of convergence and dealing with similar challenges, the impact of initial conditions is likely to influence the developmental efforts in Indonesia and Nigeria.
Strengthening the Security of Operational Technology: Understanding Contemporary Bill of Materials
Authors: Arora Arushi , Wright Virginia , Garman Christina 
Published: October 2022

The evolution of cyber‐physical infrastructure has made its security more challenging. The last few years have witnessed a convergence of hardware and software segments in various domains, including operational technology (OT) which is responsible for carrying out critical tasks such as monitoring and controlling power grids, nuclear plants, transportation, and emergency services. Both hardware and software encapsulate numerous open source and proprietary subcomponents, making it crucial for end‐users to understand the composition of the products they are using. For example, wind turbines incorporate thousands of lines of code (software) used for the turbine's design, planning, operation, and analytics in addition to the numerous hardware subcomponents that construct it. Due to the highly complex nature of software and hardware, knowledge of the components and subcomponents is required to mitigate cyber vulnerabilities and to defend against cyberattacks.There has also been a transformation from a traditional linear supply chain into a global, dynamic, diverse, and interconnected system. The digitization of the supply chain makes it easier to find and exploit vulnerabilities. Critical infrastructures (e.g., power grids, oil, natural gas, water, and wastewater) rely on OT to function, and if the OT is compromised, equipment damage and potential interruption of services could result. A significant security measure to protect OT systems from disruption is to develop a supply chain bill of materials (BoM) corresponding to the software and hardware used in OT, along with attestations amongst vendors and asset owners. A supply chain BoM is a proactive way to understand the inherent vulnerabilities in the system and mitigate them in advance of being exploited. BoMs bolster the trust placed in the digital infrastructure and enhance software supply chain security by sustaining the management of component obsolescence and compliance, along with the seclusion of unsafe segments of a specific product.Adopting BoM tools is becoming increasingly important across various government sectors, as evidenced by the recent U.S. executive order on cybersecurity (NIST 2021). This paper aims to classify BoMs based on structure, functionality, component type, and architecture. The work also discusses case studies to further highlight the benefits of BoMs. In addition, it identifies missing pieces in existing BoM implementations so that future research may identify bounds on where it could expect to make improvements and directly enable researchers to identify promising areas for exploration. Further, the authors provide valuable recommendations to tool developers, researchers, and standardizing organizations (policymakers), additionally benefitting critical infrastructure owners and government executives. This aids in paving a path for future work, thereby, providing suggestions to determine a tool for consumers that best suit their needs.
Isolation, characterization, and antibacterial activity of lytic bacteriophage against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus causing bedsore and diabetic wounds
Authors: Rezaei Zeinab , Elikaei Ameneh , Shafiei Morvarid 
Published: October 2022

Background and Objectives: Phage therapy has gained interest as an alternative treatment for methicillin-resistant Staph- ylococcus aureus (MRSA)infections. The purpose of this study was to isolate and characterize an effective bacteriophage against isolates of MRSA.
Materials and Methods: Bacteriophage was isolated from hospital sewage. Lytic activity and the titers of phage lysates were measured using spot test anddouble-layer plaque assay. The phage characterization was determined through trans- mission electron microscopy. Adsorption rate, host range and stabilitytests were investigated. The latent period and burst size were estimated from a one-step growth curve. The effect of bacteriophage against MRSA biofilms wasdetermined and Real-time PCR was used to assess the effects of the bacteriophage on the expression of the biofilm-associated genes.
Results: TEM resultsshowed that the phage resembled the Cystoviridae family. Its latent period was 30 min, corresponding to about 71/43 phage particles per infected cell. Thephage had a broad host range and it was most stable at 37°C and pH 7. It was sensitive to NaCl concentrations. The expressions of the biofilm-associated genes were significantly reduced in the presence of the phage.
Conclusion: The isolated phage was effective against MRSA strains and it can be an optional strategy of controlling biofilm development.
Embodied cognition: looking inward
Authors: Nowakowski Przemysław R. 
Published: October 2022

The body is a highly complex, coordinated system engaged in coping with many environmental problems. It can be considered as some sort of opportunity or obstacle, with which internal processing must deal. Internal processing must take into account the possibilities and limitations of the particular body. In other words, even if the body is not involved in the realization of some cognitive explicit task, it is not a neutral factor of our understanding of why a system solves a task in one way or another. Therefore, when conducting research on embodiment and the body’s cognitive system we should not neglect internal, cognitive processing.
I appeal to Goldman’s research on embodied cognition to sketch the broader framework for internal processing in embodied cognition. I believe that even if we don’t accept Goldman’s approach as the viable proposal for embodied cognition in general, it’s a quite natural starting point for our analysis. Goldman (2012; 2014, and with de Vignemont 2009) argue for the essential role of the bodily formats or bodily codes (respectively: B-formats and B-codes) in embodied cognition. B-codes are here described as the processing of regions or sub-regions of the central nervous system. They are primarily employed for body control or monitoring, and reused for cognitive tasks. Beyond doubt, this conception provides an excellent starting point for analyzing the internal (mostly neural) processing in cases of embodied cognition.
At the end of this paper, I will argue that the embodiment of cognition needs a conceptual twist. Following Keijzer’s (2015) interest in the evolution of the nervous system, and the minimal forms of cognition, I argue that in investigating embodied cognition, we should investigate the role played by cognitive processing for specific kinds of organisms, meaning organisms with a body of a particular morphology (size, shape, kinds, and distribution of sensors and effectors). Doing that, I refer to some conceptual and empirical considerations. I will also try to show that research on embodied cognition is still not sufficiently anchored in evolutionary and comparative studies on cognition, nor on the nervous system and body morphology. Bigger reliance on these kinds of studies, will make it make possible to gain a deeper understanding of internal processing in embodied cognition.
Cultured sand sea cucumber growth with different water exchange systems
Authors: Liubana Debora , Joi Alfreddi Surbakt  , Claudya Zyta Tobu  
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Sand sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra) is a high economic value as a food source. Sea cucumbers contain beneficial bioactive compounds for health. This study determined the sea cucumber growth cultured in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) with different water exchange systems in Lifuleo waters from October to December, 2020. This study was performed in an experimental method with three different exchange system treatments and three replications, namely once every 2 days (tank A), every day (tank B), and water circulation every day (tank C). Briefly, sand sea cucumbers with 116.72 ± 117.91 g body weight and 11.06 ± 11.83 cm length were maintained for 45 days with different water exchange systems and fed with Eucheuma cottonii. The results showed that the best water exchange systems to increase sand sea cucumber production was tank A with 100% survival rate, 1.84 ± 0.06%/day specific growth rate, and 1714.96 ± 34.13 μm length growth rate. The water quality parameters were also optimal during the sand sea cucumber with the integrated system.
Keywords: Multi-trophic, growth, circulation, integrated system, sand sea cucumber

ABSTRAK
Teripang pasir (Holothuria scabra) mempunyai nilai ekonomis tinggi dan diperdagangkan sebagai bahan pangan. Selain itu teripang juga mengandung senyawa bioaktif yang bermanfaat untuk kesehatan. Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang pertumbuhan teripang yang dibudidayakan secara integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) dengan sistem pergantian air yang berbeda di perairan Lifuleo pada bulan Oktober sampai Desember 2020. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental dengan tiga perlakuan 3 ulangan dengan sistem pergantian air 2 hari sekali (bak A), pergantian air setiap hari (bak B) dan sirkulasi air dilakukan setiap hari (bak C). Secara singkat, teripang dengan bobot badan 116.72 ± 117.91 gr dan panjang 11.06 ± 11.83 cm dipelihara selama 45 hari dengan sistem pergantian air dan diberi makan dengan Eucheuma cottonii. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media perlakuan teripang dengan sistem pergantian air yang berbeda terbaik untuk meningkatkan produksi teripang adalah bak A dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup 100, laju pertumbuhan spesifik harian 1.84 ± 0.06%/hari dan laju pertumbuhan panjang 1714.96 ± 34.13 µm. Parameter kualitas air juga menunjukkan kualitas yang optimal pada budidaya teripang secara terintegrasi.
Kata kunci: Multitropic, pertumbuhan, sirkulasi, terintegrasi, teripang pasir
PENYULUHAN TENTANG TANDA AWAL DAN DETEKSI DINI TUMOR GANAS PAYUDARA PADA WARGA DI PUSKESMAS SEMEMI KECAMATAN BENOWO KOTA SURABAYA
Authors: Nila Kurniasari  , Gondo Mastutik  , Dyah Fauziah  , Etty Hary Kusumastuti  , Alphania Rahniayu  , Anny Setijo Rahaju  
Published: October 2022

Kanker payudara merupakan keganasan paling sering dan penyebab kematian tertinggi. Di Indonesia, kanker payudara juga merupakan kanker paling sering dan penyebab kematian kedua setelah kanker paru. Hal ini tejadi karena kanker payudara sering terdiagnosis pada stadium lanjut sehingga menyebabkan kegagalan pengobatan dan kematian. Kejadian kanker payudara stadium lanjut ini dapat dicegah dengan deteksi dini, namun masyarakat masih mempunyai pengetahuan yang rendah tentang tanda awal kanker payudara. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk memberikan penyuluhan tentang tanda awal dan deteksi dini tumor ganas di payudara. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada 11 November 2020, diikuti oleh 91 orang ibu PKK di wilayah kerja Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Puskesmas) Sememi, Kecamatan Benowo Kota Surabaya. Kegiatan diawali pre-test dan pengisian kuisioner faktor risiko, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pemberian penyuluhan melalui aplikasi zoom meeting dan diakhiri dengan post-test. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil pre-test dan post-test. Hasil
kuisioner menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan pemahaman tentang tanda awal dan deteksi dini kanker payudara sebesar 6,96%. Faktor risiko peserta menderita kanker payudara menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar peserta penyuluhan tidak berisiko menderita kanker payudara karena tidak merokok (100%), tidak mempunyai riwayat benjolan pada payudara (97,14%), menyusui lebih dari 6 bulan (88,57%), tidak terpapar radiasi sinar X (88,57%), mempunyai anak (85,71%), tidak mempunyai riwayat keluarga yang pernah menderita tumor atau kanker (71,43%), rutin berolah raga (60%), namun terdapat 97,14% yang berusia lebih dari 25 tahun sehingga masih mempunyai faktor risiko menderita kanker payudara. Kesimpulan. Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat sebesar 6.96% dan sebagain besar peserta penyuluhan tidak memiliki faktor risiko untuk terjadi kanker payudara.
DIET KANTONG PLASTIK SEBAGAI BENTUK KEPEDULIAN TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Tubagus Achmad Faqih  , Fatiatun  
Published: October 2022

Sampah plastik merupakan masalah yang sangat besar dan terjadi hampir di seluruh daerah Indonesia. Salah satu pencemaran lingkungan terjadi karena banyaknya sampah plastik yang sangat susah hingga memerlukan waktu sekitar 500-1000 tahun untuk bisa sacara sempurna terurai oleh mikroorganisme tanah. Di desa Bojongnangka sendiri penggunaan kantong plastik masih sangat sering dipakai dalam keseharian dan bagaimana cara yang baik dalam mengolah sampah masih sangat kurang, selain itu sampah-sampah rumah tangga masih banyak yang dibuang di sungai. Perancangan program “Diet Kantong Plastik” termasuk salah satu program sebagai bentuk kepedulian terhadap lingkungan dan menghimbau masyarakat untuk bijak dalam menggunakan kantong plastik. Tujuan program ini adalah untuk mengajak dan menghimbau masyarakat agar lebih bijak dalam menggunakan kantong plastik. Kata diet disini memiliki makna “bijak dalam mengkonsumsi”. Program ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi penggunaan kantong plastik yang berlebihan. Strategi yang digunakan adalah edukasi dan pengarahan. Metode kegiatan yang digunakan yaitu dengan memberikan edukasi yang dilakukan secara bertahap seperti sharing permasalahan lingkungan dengan masyarakat terutama ibu-ibu yang berjumlah sekitar 100 orang. Pemberian contoh alternatif dari penggantian penggunaan kantong plastik yaitu dengan tas jinjing, dan goodie bag. Pengarahan yang dilakukan adalah rutin pertemuan untuk sharing-sharing dari program tersebut serta memantau dan mengevaluasi bagaimana program ini berjalan. Kegiatan evaluasi dilakukan dengan mengadakan pertemuan dengan responden yaitu ibu-ibu pada pertemuan selanjutnya setelah diadakan pengarahan. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu penggunaan kantong plastik berkurang dan ibu-bu sudah banyak yang beralih menggunakan tas jiniing dan goodie bag.
PERAN KAMPUS MENGAJAR DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN LITERASI PADA SISWA SDN KLEPU 02, SEMARANG, JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Yusida Lusiana  , Wisnu Widjanarko  , Wahyu Candra Dewi  
Published: October 2022

Kampus Mengajar (KM-2) merupakan bagian dari program Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) yang diusung pemerintah guna membantu para tenaga pendidik SMP dan SD dalam proses pembelajaran. Kegiatan ini salah satunya dilangsungkan di SDN 02 Klepu, Semarang, Jawa Tengah yang diikuti oleh siswa kelas 2. Oleh karena target treatment adalah anak kelas rendah sehingga metode pembelajaran literasi yang digunakan yakni melalui sarana permainan yakni kartu huruf, permainan kata (word game), dan baca cepat. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi peran metode belajar sambil bermain terhadap peningkatan kemampuan literasi siswa kelas 2 SDN 02 Klepu. Sudut pandang yang digunakan yakni psikologi kognitif berdasarkan teori Gestalt. Data diperoleh melalui observasi dan studi literatur. Metode permainan tersebut berperan untuk membentuk persepsi awal pada anak dalam hal ini terkait huruf serta kata. Permainan yang diberikan kepada para siswa kelas 2 dilakukan secara bertahap. Hasilnya ditemukan bahwa cara tersebut cukup efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi siswa.
Petrology, Physical Properties, and Diagenetic Characteristics of Glutenite Reservoir: An Example from the Upper Urho Formation in Zhongguai Salient, Junggar Basin, China
Authors: Zhao Kang , Zhang Changming , Huang Liliang , He Wenjun , Feng Youlun , Shuang Qi , Pan Jin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Upper Urho Formation on the northwest margin of the Junggar Basin is a key formation for oil and gas exploration. Based on the core observation, combined with the analysis of cast thin section, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrum, X-ray diffraction, fluid inclusion, and porosity-permeability test, the petrological characteristics, physical properties, diagenesis types, and their effects on the physical properties of the glutenite reservoir of Upper Urho Formation were studied systematically. The results show that the lithology of reservoir of the Upper Urho Formation in Zhongguai Salient is mainly conglomerate with a small amount of sandstone. The permeability of conglomerate is generally higher than that of sandstone, and the physical properties of granule conglomerate and fine pebble conglomerate are relatively better. The reservoir experienced complicated diagenesis, mainly including compaction, cementation, and dissolution, also including filler shrink seam and metasomatism. At present, the reservoir of Upper Urho Formation in Zhongguai Salient is mainly at the middle diagenetic stage A period and partly at the middle diagenetic stage B period. The original porosity lost by compaction is the largest, which is the fundamental reason for low porosity and low permeability of reservoir. The influence of cementation on reservoir physical properties has two sides. On the one hand, the development of cementation is the main reason for low porosity and low permeability of reservoir. On the other hand, the early cementation resists compaction to a certain extent and provides a material basis for the later dissolution. The reservoir of Upper Urho Formation in Zhongguai Salient is deeply buried and has experienced strong compaction and cementation, and the reservoir properties are poor, but the secondary pore space formed by dissolution improves the reservoir properties to some extent. The study concluded that the dense glutenite reservoirs of the Upper Urho Formation can develop relatively high-quality reservoirs on a local scale, which is of guiding significance for the exploration of the Upper Urho Formation.
Tectono-Thermal History of the Neoarchean Balehonnur Shear Zone, Western Dharwar Craton (Southern India)
Authors: Tarun Kumar B. , Jayananda M. , Nasipuri P. , Guitreau Martin , Aadhiseshan K. R. , Rao S. V. Balaji Manasa , Thomas T. Tarun , Satyanarayanan M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A widely spaced Neoarchean shear zone network traverses the granite-greenstone terrains of the Western Dharwar craton (WDC). The NNW-SSE trending Balehonnur shear zone traverses the largest part of the preserved tilted Archean crustal ensemble in the Western Dharwar craton (WDC) from the amphibolite-granulite transition in the south to greenschist facies in the north and eventually concealed under Deccan lava flows. Published tectonic fabrics data and kinematic analysis, with our data reveal a sinistral sense of shearing that effectuate greenstone sequences, Tonalite-Trondhjemite-Granodiorite Gneisses (TTG), and Koppa granite as reflected in variable deformation and strain localization. A profound increase of strain towards the core of the shear zone in the ca. 2610 Ma Koppa granite is marked by a transition from weak foliation outside the shear zone through the development of C-S structures and C-prime fabrics, mylonite to ultramylonite. The mineral assemblages in the Koppa granite and adjoining greenstone indicate near peak P-T conditions of 1.2 Gpa, 775-800°C following a slow cooling path of 1.0 GPa and 650°C. Field-based tectonic fabrics data together with U-Pb zircon ages reveal that the Koppa granite emplaced along the contact zone of Shimoga-Bababudan basin ca. 2610 Ma, coinciding with the emplacement of ca. 2600 Ma Arsikere-Banavara, Pandavpura, and Chitradurga granites further east which mark the stabilization of WDC. Significant variation in major element oxide (SiO2 = 56-69 wt.%) together with high content of incompatible elements (REE, Nb, Zr, and Y) and high zircon crystallization temperatures (~1000°C) of Koppa granite suggests derivation by partial melting of composite sources involving enriched uppermost mantle and lower crust. The development of widely spaced shear zones is probably linked to the assembly of eastern and western blocks through westward convergence of hot oceanic lithosphere against already cratonized thick colder western block leading to the development of strain heterogeneities between greenstone and TTGs due to their different mineral assemblages leading to rheological contrast in the cratonic lithologies.
Deep Electrical Structure of the Qilian Orogenic Belt with Dynamic Implications for the Northeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau: Revealed by 3D Magnetotelluric Inversion Using Unstructured Tetrahedral Elements
Authors: Kang Jianqiang , Han Jiangtao , Gao Rui , Xin Zhonghua , Liu Lijia , Meng Fanwen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We present the results of a magnetotelluric (MT) array across the Qilian orogenic belt to elucidate the uplift mechanism of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (Qinghai-Tibet Plateau). The array extends from the Qaidam basin in the south to the southern edge of the Alxa block in the north. Using the three-dimensional (3D) inversion of MT data based on unstructured tetrahedral elements, the electrical structure 100 km below the orogenic belt is obtained. The results show that there are high-resistivity bodies in the lithospheric mantle of the North Qilian and Hexi Corridor, which may represent the trace of southward subduction of the Asian lithosphere. Besides, there are partially molten bodies with low resistivity in the middle and lower crust below the Qilian orogenic belt, which may be caused by tectonic heat. The melt fraction of low-resistivity bodies is 2-5%, which indicates that the crustal flow from the Qiangtang and Songpan-Ganzi blocks is unable to penetrate beneath the Qilian orogenic belt. The low-resistivity bodies beneath the Qilian orogenic belt decouples the upper crust from the middle-lower crust. Owing to the continuous compression, the decoupled middle-lower crust has subsequently driven the northward movement of the upper crust, resulting in the uplift of the Qilian orogenic belt.