bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bergapten mediated inflammatory and apoptosis through AMPK/eNOS/AKT signaling pathway of isoproterenol‐induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats
Authors: Yang Yanni , Han Juanping , Lilly Renju G. , Yang Qin , Guo Yanjie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBergapten (BeG) is explored for its anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Myocardial infarction (MI) is reported to be one of the leading cardiovascular diseases characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. The main purpose of this study is to assess the cardiopreventive effects of BeG (50 mg/kg) in isoproterenol (ISO)‐induced MI in Wistar rats. The increased infarct size after ISO induction was reduced simultaneously on treatment with BeG. Similarly, augmented levels of cardiac biomarkers, namely cardiac troponin T, creatine kinase (CK), cardiac troponin I, and CK‐MB were also suppressed by BeG. The increased rate of lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances owing to the oxidative stress caused by free radical generation in ISO‐induced rats were also inhibited by BeG. Antioxidants reduce oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals. ISO induction reduces these antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione, and levels causing oxidative cardiac damage to the heart tissue. BeG supplementation improved these enzymes synthesis preventing potential damage to the myocardium. Inflammation caused by ISO pretreatment increased the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in ISO‐induced rats. Pretreatment with BeG suppressed these inflammatory cytokines to a normal level in ISO + BeG‐treated rats. The histopathological examination of the morphological characteristics showed that the intensity of cardiac damage caused by ISO induction was less in BeG pretreated rats with less inflammatory cells and no necrosis. BeG also showed promising results in the molecular alteration of AMP‐activated protein kinase/endothelial nitric oxide synthase/protein kinase B signaling molecules. These observations emphasize the cardioprotective effects of BeG and its potential use as a drug in the near future.
Enantioselective Michael addition using 4(3H)‐pyrimidinone
Authors: Chen Yong‐Sin , Huang Ming‐Hsuan , Cheng Yan‐Peng , Hou Duen‐Ren 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe framework of 4‐pyrimidinones is prevalent in biologically and medicinally important molecules. Here we report that chiral N‐substituted 4‐pyrimidinones were prepared by an enantioselective, organocatalytic aza‐Michael addition of 4(3H)‐pyrimidinone (4‐hydroxypyrimidine) to α,β‐unsaturated 1,4‐dicarbonyl compounds for the first time. The reactions were optimized by the choice of solvents, screening Cinchona alkaloid‐based bifunctional catalysts, and Michael acceptors to achieve good yields and enantioselectivities.
Long non‐coding RNA SNHG1 activates glycolysis to promote hepatocellular cancer progression through the miR‐326/PKM2 axis
Authors: Wang Yue , Yang Fan , Peng Qi , Mei Ke , He Haitao , Yang Qing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular cancer (HCC) is a lethal malignancy with extremely poor prognosis. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of SNHG1 in HCC progression.MethodsCombined with bioinformatics and experimental validation, we explored the clinical significance of SNHG1 in HCC. A Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay, cell colony formation assay, and subcutaneous tumorigenesis experiments of nude mice were conducted to evaluate the pro‐proliferative capacity of SNHG1. Glucose consumption and lactate production were measured to explore the regulatory role of SNHG1 in glycolysis. Nuclear‐cytoplasmic separation, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of SNHG1 in HCC.ResultsSNHG1 expression was dramatically increased in HCC and positively correlated with poor prognosis. E2F1 bound to the SNHG1 promoter region to activate SNHG1 transcription. Furthermore, SNHG1 served as a molecular sponge for miR‐326 to sequester the interaction of miR‐326 and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), facilitating the expression of PKM2. Activating PKM2 expression was revealed to be one of mechanisms of SNHG1 with respect to promoting glycolysis and the proliferation of HCC cells.ConclusionsE2F1‐activated SNHG1 modulates the miR‐326/PKM2 axis to facilitate glycolysis and the proliferation of HCC cells. Targeting SNHG1 could be a promising therapeutic option for HCC.
Clinical spectrum of early onset “Mediterranean” (homozygous p.P131L mutation) mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy
Authors: Kalkan Uçar Sema , Yazıcı Havva , Canda Ebru , Er Esra , Bulut Fatma Derya , Eraslan Cenk , Onay Hüseyin , Bax Bridget Elizabeth , Çoker Mahmut 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) is an autosomal recessive mitochondrial disorder characterized by cumulative and progressive gastrointestinal and neurological findings. This retrospective observational study, aimed to explore the time of presentation, diagnosis and clinical follow‐up of 13 patients with a confirmed MNGIE disease of Mediterranean origin. The mean age of symptom onset was 7 years (6 months−21 years) and the average diagnosis age was 15.4 years ±8.4. Four of 13 patients (30%) died before 30 years at the mean age of 19.7 years ±6.8. Cachexia and gastrointestinal symptoms were observed in all patients (100%). The mean body mass index standard deviation score at diagnosis was 4.8 ± 2.8. At least three subocclusive episodes were presented in patients who died in last year of their life. The main neurological symptom found in most patients was peripheral neuropathy (92%). Ten patients (77%) had leukoencephalopathy and the remaining three patients without were under 10 years of age. The new homozygous “Mediterranean” TYMP mutation, p.P131L (c.392 C > T) was associated with an early presentation and poor prognosis in nine patients (69%) from five separates families. Based on the observations from this Mediterranean MNGIE cohort, we propose that the unexplained abdominal pain combined with cachexia is an indicator of MNGIE. High‐platelet counts and nerve conduction studies may be supportive laboratory findings and the frequent subocclusive episodes could be a negative prognostic factor for mortality. Finally, the homozygous p.P131L (c.392 C > T) mutation could be associated with rapid progressive disease with poor prognosis.
Breast Amide Proton Transfer Imaging at 3 T: Diagnostic Performance and Association With Pathologic Characteristics
Authors: Liu Zhou , Wen Jie , Wang Meng , Ren Ya , Yang Qian , Qian Long , Luo Honghong , Feng Sha , He Cuiju , Liu Xin , Wu Yin , Luo Dehong 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundAmide proton transfer (APT) imaging has been increasingly applied in tumor characterization. However, its value in evaluating breast cancer remains undetermined.PurposeTo assess the diagnostic performance of APT imaging in breast cancer and its association with prognostic histopathologic characteristics.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsEighty‐four patients with breast lesions.Field Strength/SequenceA 3.0 T/single‐shot fast spin echo APT imaging.AssessmentAPTw signal in breast lesion was quantified. Lesion malignancy, T stage, grades, Ki‐67 index, molecular biomarkers (estrogen receptor [ER] expression, progesterone receptor [PR] expression, human epidermal growth factor receptor [HER‐2] expression), molecular subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, triple negative, and HER‐2 enriched) were determined.Statistical TestsStudent t‐test, one‐way analysis of variance, receiver operating characteristic analysis, and Pearson's correlation with P < 0.05 as statistical significance.ResultsAPTw signal was significantly higher in malignant lesions (1.55% ± 1.24%) than in benign lesions (0.54% ± 1.13%), and in grade III lesions than in grade II lesions (1.65% ± 0.84% vs. 0.96% ± 0.96%), and in T2‐ (1.57% ± 0.64%) and T3‐stage lesions (1.54% ± 0.63%) than in T1‐stage lesions (0.81% ± 0.64%) for invasive breast carcinoma of no special type. APTw signal significantly correlated with Ki‐67 index (r = 0.364) but showed no significant difference in groups of ER (P = 0.069), PR (P = 0.069), HER‐2 (P = 0.961), and among molecular subtypes (P = 0.073).Data ConclusionAPT imaging shows potential in differentiating breast lesion malignancy and associates with prognosis‐related tumor grade, T stage, and proliferative activity.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 2
Coherent changes in wood charcoals, site occupation and lithic technology across the MIS 4/3 transition at Klein Kliphuis rock shelter, South Africa
Authors: Mackay Alex , Cartwright Caroline R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe explore the correspondence between changing palaeoenvironments, patterns of site use, and lithic technology at the rock shelter site Klein Kliphuis (South Africa) across the interval 65–55 000 years before present. This period coincides with the termination of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 4, and the disappearance of an iconic late Pleistocene archaeological unit known as the Howiesons Poort. Wood charcoals indicate sufficient soil moisture around Klein Kliphuis throughout the Howiesons Poort to support diverse tree species at a time when site occupation was relatively intense. At least some fuelwood‐gathering in this period may have been undertaken to support heat treatment of silcrete, which was the dominant lithology in tool production. A coherent set of changes occurs across the MIS 4/3 transition: occupational intensity declines, tracked by declining diversity of fuelwood species, an increase in the proportion of charcoals from shrubs and small flowering plants, lower prevalence of silcrete, and less heat treatment. While declining soil moisture is implied, there appears to be a significant change in behaviour relating to site usage, whereby foraging for dense fuelwoods was replaced by the construction of ‘fast fires’ that may reflect briefer visits and increased forager mobility in early MIS 3.
Dilation, Steroid Injection, and Cough Exercise for Correction of Posterior Glottic Stenosis
Authors: Shoffel‐Havakuk Hagit , Lahav Yonatan , Shopen Yoni , Reuven Yonatan , Bachar Gideon , Hamzany Yaniv 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo describe the DISCO protocol (Dilation, Steroid injection, and post‐operative Cough Exercise); a novel treatment for posterior glottic stenosis (PGS). Restoring glottic mobility in PGS is a major challenge. In orthopedic and plastic surgery, post‐operative physical therapy is associated with improved motion range and flexibility; yet, this principle was never applied to laryngeal surgery.MethodsA retrospective cohort of PGS adult patients, treated by the DISCO protocol during 2018–2020. DISCO involves the following: scar release, glottic dilation, and steroid injection, followed by post‐operative cough as glottic physical therapy. Maximal glottic opening angle (MGOA), relative glottic opening area (RGOA), and relative glottic insufficiency area (RGIA) were calculated before and post‐operatively.ResultsSeventeen patients were included; PGS etiology was post‐intubation (n = 10), post‐irradiation (n = 3), both (n = 1) and joint sclerosis (n = 3). Six patients also had additional airway disorders. Sixteen patients were tracheostomy‐dependent. 2 (12%), 8 (47%) and 7 (41%) patients had type II, III and IV stenosis, respectively. Surgery included scar release, dilation and steroid injection alone in 7 patients; and additional unilateral sub‐mucosal arytenoidectomy in 10. The mean follow‐up was 17.5 months. There were no major complications. Successful outcomes (e.g., decannulation or permanent capping) were achieved in 14 (82%) patients with some restoration of joint movement. None had a persistent voice or swallowing complaints. Both MGOA and RGOA increased in all patients (p < 0.001). RGIA remained unchanged (p = 0.878).ConclusionsThe DISCO protocol is a novel, effective and safe approach for PGS correction that can be easily applied. It can restore vocal fold mobility and may expand the glottic airway without causing glottic insufficiency.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:883–889, 2023
Life on the edge: Hawaiian model for coral evolution
Authors: Bhattacharya Debashish , Stephens Timothy G. , Tinoco Amanda I. , Richmond Robert H. , Cleves Phillip A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDegradation and loss of coral reefs due to climate change and other anthropogenic stressors has fueled genomics, proteomics, and genetics research to investigate coral stress response pathways and to identify resilient species, genotypes, and populations to restore these biodiverse ecosystems. Much of the research and conservation effort has understandably focused on the most taxonomically rich regions, such as the Great Barrier Reef in Australia and the Coral Triangle in the western Pacific. These ecosystems are analogous to tropical rainforests that also house enormous biodiversity and complex biotic interactions among different trophic levels. An alternative model ecosystem for studying coral reef biology is the relatively species poor but abundant coral reefs in the Hawaiian Archipelago that exist at the northern edge of the Indo‐Pacific coral distribution. The Hawaiian Islands are the world's most isolated archipelago, geographically isolated from other Pacific reef systems. This region houses about 80 species of scleractinian corals in three dominant genera (Porites, Montipora, and Pocillopora). Here we briefly review knowledge about the Hawaiian coral fauna with a focus on our model species, the rice coral Montipora capitata. We suggest that this simpler, relatively isolated reef system provides an ideal platform for advancing coral biology and conservation using multi‐omics and genetic tools.
Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) Thin Films after Dip‐ and Spin‐Coating
Authors: Apelt Sabine , Höhne Susanne , Mehner Erik , Böhm Carolin , Malanin Mikhail , Eichhorn Klaus‐Jochen , Jehnichen Dieter , Uhlmann Petra , Bergmann Ute 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe ferro‐, pyro‐ and piezoelectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) P(VDF‐TrFE) have created interest with regard to its application in aqueous and ambient surroundings for sensors, functional coatings, and in the field of life sciences. P(VDF‐TrFE) thin films are usually applied via spin‐coating, but dip‐coating will be advantageous especially for irregularly shaped substrates. The morphology of dip‐ and spin‐coated semi‐crystalline thin films is studied as a function of both the film thickness and the annealing temperature. The characterization of the films is carried out by grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS), X‐ray reflectometry (XRR), and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). Atomic force microscopy measurements (AFM) are used to examine the resulting topography. It is found that both spin‐ and dip‐coated thin films crystallize in the desired edge‐on orientation, but the overall crystallinity after dip‐coating is decreased compared to the spin‐coated films of comparable thickness and the resulting roughness is increased. The higher roughness is most probably caused by the slower evaporation of the solvents and a secondary crystallization process at the air‐polymer interface.
Ten‐year follow‐up of Nicolaides–Baraitser syndrome with a de novo mutation and analysis of 58 gene loci of SMARCA2‐associated NCBRS
Authors: Zhang Xilian , Chen Hanjiang , Song Ying , Chen Zhaoyuan , Liu Xuan , Rong Ping , Ma Rong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs a clinical subtype of SWI/SNF‐related intellectual disability syndromes, Nicolaides–Baraitser syndrome (NCBRS, OMIM601358) has a unique genotype–phenotype. Due to the scarcity of the number of cases reported and the limitations of diagnosis methods, so far only more than 80 cases have been reported worldwide. In this article, a new patient with a de novo mutation was followed up for 10 years; it includes the epilepsy treatment process, the characteristics of NBCRS with seizures, typical faces, sparse hair, prominent interphalangeal joints, and intellectual disability, and we also summarized the genotype–phenotype of the 80 reported cases for comparison. Due to insufficient studies and lack of attention paid to the syndrome, it is believed that the actual number of cases should be far more than the reported number. The syndrome is phased and progressive. The genotype–phenotype correlation of the disease is related to the location of the gene locus, especially closely related to the SNF2 ATPase domain.ConclusionsThe understanding of NCBRS is lagging, we need to strengthen the screening process of the phenotypic disease with intellectual disability, and perfecting multiple types of diagnostic techniques will help the discovery of the disease; its clinical features are staged and are slowly progressive, and long‐term prognosis must be taken precautious with long‐term follow‐up required.
One‐stage reconstruction of the complex defects of the Achilles tendon and the adjoining calcaneus using the chimeric superolateral thigh flap: A case report
Authors: Imaizumi Atsushi , Toyota Yoshie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractReconstruction of the composite defects of the Achilles tendon and the overlying skin is a great challenge. Should the tendon insertion and adjoining calcaneal defects coexist, such reconstruction becomes far more complicated. A chimeric superolateral thigh flap based on the ascending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery provides all the components for this complex defect. We aim to illustrate a case underwent one‐stage reconstruction of such defects with this chimeric flap. A 55‐year‐old man presented with composite defects of Achilles tendon (11 cm), adjoining calcaneus (2 × 2 × 3 cm), and the overlying skin (15 × 3.5 cm) due to unsuccessful repair for his right chronic Achilles tendon rupture, which was complicated by infection. This complex defect was reconstructed using a chimeric superolateral thigh flap consisting of the superolateral thigh skin (8.5 × 17.5 cm), full‐thickness iliac bone (4 × 3 cm), and the intervening iliotibial tract preserving the fascia‐bone junction, which substituted for the lost insertion of the Achilles tendon. Bone union and full weight bearing were achieved by 11 and 24 weeks, respectively, after surgery. Two debulking procedures were performed. Isometric plantar flexion muscle strength was comparable to the healthy side, but isotonic strength was somewhat reduced at 18 months after reconstruction. This chimeric flap provided all the possible components necessary for the complex Achilles tendon defect, and led functional outcomes.
Recent developments in lignin modification and its application in lignin‐based green composites: A review
Authors: Agustiany Erika Ayu , Rasyidur Ridho Muhammad , Rahmi D. N. Muslimatul , Madyaratri Elvara Windra , Falah Faizatul , Lubis Muhammad Adly Rahandi , Solihat Nissa Nurfajrin , Syamani Firda A. , Karungamye Petro , Sohail Asma , Nawawi Deded Sarip , Prianto Arief Heru , Iswanto Apri Heri , Ghozali Muhammad , Restu Witta Kartika , Juliana Ika , Antov Petar , Kristak Lubos , Fatriasari Widya , Fudholi Ahmad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLignins are the most important aromatic renewable natural resource today, serving as a sustainable, environmentally acceptable alternative feedstock to fossil‐derived chemicals and polymers in a vast scope of value‐added applications. Lignin is a biopolymeric molecule that, together with cellulose, is a fundamental component of higher vascular plants structural cell walls. It can be extracted from by‐products of the pulp and paper industries, agricultural waste and residues, and biorefinery products. Lignin properties may vary depending on source and extraction method with carbon and aromatic as the main compositions in lignin structure. These rich compositions make lignin more valuable, allowing for the creation of high‐value‐added green composites. However, the complex structure of lignin creates low reactivity to interact with crosslinker, and hence chemical modification is substantial to overcome this problem. This review aimed to present and discuss lignin structure, variation of lignin chemical properties regarding its source and extraction process, recent advances in chemical modification of lignin to enhance its reactivity, and potential applications of modified lignin for manufacturing value‐added biocomposites with enhanced properties and lower environmental impact, such as food handling/packaging, seed coating, automotive devices, 3D printing, rubber industry, and wood adhesives.
Multi‐walled carbon nanotube grafted 3D spacer multi‐scale composites for electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Yıldırım Ferhat , Kabakçı Elif , Şaş Hatice S. , Eskizeybek Volkan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe development of structural fiber reinforced polymer composites with various additional functionalities is becoming a hot research area to achieve the application of multi‐functional composites in the aerospace and automotive industries. An innovative material solution is 3D spacer composites with distinctive anisotropic structural characteristics. Herein, we report the manufacturing of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) grafted of 3D spacer glass/epoxy multi‐scale composites and their electromagnetic interference shielding efficiencies (EMSE). To manufacture multi‐scale composites, we utilized dip coating, vacuum filtering, and vacuum infusion methods to introduce MWCNTs of the woven fabric, while we also modified the epoxy resin with MWCNTs to increase electrical conductivity of intrinsic insulator epoxy resin. Owing to the rectangular‐shaped channel structure, which is beneficial for multiple reflection and scattering between top and bottom face sheets, the resultant 3D spacer multi‐scale composite represented a good EMSE performance of −18.3 dB in the frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz with an increase of 107% comparing the corresponding neat composite counterpart. Moreover, we measured the in‐plane conductivity as 1.89E‐2 S/m after MWCNTs grafting, while the out‐of‐plane conductivity remained three times lower than the in‐plane conductivity. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that the storage modulus increased almost three times with the MWCNTs grafting, while glass transition temperature shifted to higher temperatures (from 77.5 to 89.7°C). Therefore, we anticipate that our study will expand the use of 3D spacer composites in the aviation and automotive industries.