bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two‐stage local attention network for salient object detection in remote sensing images
Authors: Lin Qihui , Xia Lurui , Li Sen , Chen Wanfeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWith the development of earth observation satellites, it is very meaningful to study methods for intelligently processing remote sensing images (RSIs). As an important pretreatment technique, salient object detection (SOD) can produce accurate saliency predictions in natural scenes. However, due to the complex object types, high noise levels, and different imaging angles in RSIs, it is still difficult to generate accurate saliency predictions in such images. This paper proposes a SOD method for RSIs, namely, the two‐stage local attention network (TLANet). It uses two‐stage attention (TSA) to capture the relationships between the pixels of features at different scales and uses an adjacent semantic refinement (ASR) module to enhance the flow of information across scales. In addition, a cascade structure is introduced to the decoder so that more semantic features can guide the feature decoding process. Moreover, a new loss function is proposed to improve the prediction effects obtained for salient edges. Through comprehensive experiments conducted on two RSIs datasets, it is demonstrated that the TLANet is superior to the state‐of‐the‐art methods in both qualitative and quantitative comparisons.
Fast and robust star detection algorithm based on the dyadic wavelet transform
Authors: Chen Zhanglei , Zheng Yong , Li Chonghui , Zhan Yinhu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStar detection is an important part of the spacecraft attitude determination performed by star trackers. The current advanced star detection algorithms can effectively extract star points in complex backgrounds. However, there are still two problems: first, the parameters of the star detection algorithm are not adaptive, which limits its reliability and robustness; second, the high performance and low computational time of algorithms usually cannot be achieved simultaneously. In this work, a rapid star detection algorithm utilizing dyadic wavelet transform (SDDWT) was developed based on the à Trous algorithm. The authors constructed a suitable dyadic wavelet basis and applied the dyadic wavelet transform to the star image. The maximum wavelet coefficients at a certain scale were binarized according to a threshold value to separate stars from the background. The threshold was adaptively determined according to the white Gaussian noise (WGN) power. Finally, a method for separating individual stars was developed. Experiments indicated that the proposed algorithm was able to ensure a low false alarm rate and high detection rate by adaptively threshold value. Moreover, for a star image of 1024×1024, the computational time of the SDDWT algorithm was stable within 0.3 s, which was smaller than other algorithms.
Design of a low‐profile, dual‐mode, dual‐port and single‐band antenna with very high isolation for wireless body area network applications
Authors: Mirhadi Salma , Poorjalili Zeinab , Komjani Nader 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, a simple and compact antenna structure with dual‐port and dual‐mode operating in a single‐band is proposed for wireless body area network. This antenna is composed of a rectangular ring patch antenna, which is shorted in the outer edge to generate an omni‐azimuthal radiation pattern. This pattern is desired for the on‐body communication level. A substrate integrated waveguide cavity‐backed slot antenna is also located at the centre of the structure and provides the broadside radiation pattern desired for the off‐body communication level. The proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones. The measured mutual coupling between two ports is less than −40 dB which is about 13.5 dB better than that of previous works.
Imaging individual active regions on the Sun’s far side with improved helioseismic holography
Authors: Yang Dan , Gizon Laurent , Barucq Hélène 
Published: November 2022

Context.Helioseismic holography is a useful method for detecting active regions on the Sun’s far side and improving space weather forecasts.Aims.We aim to improve helioseismic holography using a clear formulation of the problem, an accurate forward solver in the frequency domain, and a better understanding of the noise properties.Methods.Building on the work of Lindsey et al. we define the forward- and backward-propagated wave fields (ingression and egression) in terms of a Green’s function. This Green’s function is computed using an accurate forward solver in the frequency domain. We analyse overlapping segments of 31 h of SDO/HMI dopplergrams, with a cadence of 24 h. Phase shifts between the ingression and the egression are measured and averaged to detect active regions on the far side.Results.The phase maps are compared with direct extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) intensity maps from STEREO/EUVI. We confirm that medium-sized active regions can be detected on the far side with high confidence. Their evolution (and possible emergence) can be monitored on a daily time scale. Seismic maps averaged over 3 days provide an active-region detection rate as high as 75% and a false-discovery rate as low as 7% for active regions with areas above one thousandth of a hemisphere. For a large part, these improvements can be attributed to the use of a complete Green’s function (all skips) and the use of all available observations on the front side (full pupil).Conclusions.Improved helioseismic holography enables the study of the evolution of medium-sized active regions on the Sun’s far side.
Doubly Switchable Diastereodivergent Strategy Mediated by a Chiral Sulfoxide to Access Disubstituted Tetrahydrocyclopenta­pyranone and Hexahydrocyclopentapyranol Scaffolds via Nazarov Cyclization
Authors: Salom-Roig Xavier J. , Grenet Erwann , van der Lee Arie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractActivated dienones bearing a chiral sulfoxide were transformed diastereodivergently into the corresponding disubstituted 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]pyran-7(2H)-ones. The torquoselectivity of the reaction could be switched by changing the Lewis acid used as promoter. From the four possible stereoisomers, only the two trans were observed. In a second switchable diastereodivergent step, both corresponding diastereomeric 2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyran-7-ols were obtained via the diastereoselective reduction of the ketone by changing the reducing agent. The Lewis acids as well as the reducing agents employed in both diastereodivergent steps were achiral, the diastereoselectivities being dictated by the sulfinyl auxiliary.
EUS-guided cyanoacrylate injection into the perforating vein versus direct endoscopic injection in the treatment of gastric varices
Authors: Sabry Fady , Seif Seham , Eldesoky Ayman , Hakim Hazem , Altonbary Ahmed Youssef 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic injection of gastric varices (GVs) using cyanoacrylate (CYA) is associated with significant adverse events (AEs). We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided CYA injection into the perforating vein versus direct endoscopic injection (DEI) of CYA in treatment of high-risk GVs.
Patients and methods This was a randomized controlled trial that included 52 patients with high-risk GVs. Group A underwent EUS-guided injection into the perforator vein and Group B underwent DEI of 1 mL CYA. Endoscopic examination and Doppler EUS were repeated after 3 months to confirm eradication. Obliteration by Doppler EUS was considered by absence of Doppler flow within the varix. Repeated injection was performed in the absence of obliteration. Doppler EUS examination was repeated at 3 and 6 months after each injection.
Results Forty-three patients including 27 males and 16 females with mean age 57 years completed the study. Variceal obliteration was achieved during the index session after 3 months in eight of 21 (38.1 %) in group B compared to 17 of 22 (77.2 %) in group A (P = 0.014). There was a significant difference in the amount of CYA needed to achieve obliteration in group B compared to group A (2 vs.1 mL, P = 0.027). There was no statistically significant difference in the overall AE rate between group A and group B (4.5 % vs. 14.3 %, P = 0.345).
Conclusions EUS-guided CYA injection into the perforating veins achieved less amount of CYA, fewer number of sessions to obliteration, and similar overall AE rates in the treatment of high-risk GVs compared to DEI.
Thoracolumbar Spinal Stabilization with Three Dimensional-Printed Drill Guides and Pre-Contoured Polyaxial Bone Plates
Authors: Gilman Oliver , Escauriaza Leticia , Ogden Dan , Vandenberghe Helene , Roper Darren , Oxley Bill , Granger Nicolas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to report new preoperative and intraoperative techniques performed for canine thoracic or lumbar spine kyphosis stabilization using three-dimensional-printed patient-specific drill guides, polyaxial titanium bone plates and drill stops, and to determine the accuracy of screw placement using these techniques.
Study Design Retrospective study, five client-owned dogs.
Results Three-dimensional-printed patient-specific drill guides and drill stops allowed safe drilling and screw placement in all of the cases, with (i) 84% of the screws graded as I (ideal placement) and 16% as IIa, IIIa or IIIb according to the modified Zdichavsky classification (partial penetration of medial pedicle wall, partial penetration of lateral pedicle wall and full penetration of lateral pedicle wall respectively), (ii) mean mediolateral deviation of ± 4.06 degrees (standard deviation: 8.21 degrees) compared to planned trajectories and (iii) variation in screw depth of ± 2.29mm (standard deviation: 3.07mm) compared to planned depth.
Conclusion We believe that the techniques presented here for thoracic spinal stabilization in dogs show promise; they allowed safe placement of screws along planned trajectories and depth; they also removed the need to use polymethylmethacrylate, while the use of titanium offers the possibility to repeat magnetic resonance imaging in these cases with chronic spinal conditions.
Variability in Clinician Awareness of Intravenous Fluid Administration in Critical Illness: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Gorga Stephen M. , Sliwicki Alexander L. , Sturza Julie , Carlton Erin F. , Barbaro Ryan P. , Basu Rajit K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntravenous (IV) fluids are commonly administered to critically ill children, but clinicians lack effective guidance for the correct dose and duration of therapy resulting in variation of prescribing habits which harm children. It is unknown if clinicians recognize the amount of IV fluid that patients receive. We aimed to determine clinician's accuracy in the identification of the volume of IV fluids patients will receive over the next 24 hours. Prospective cohort study enrolled all patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) from May to August 2021 at the University of Michigan's C.S. Mott Children's Hospital PICU. For each patient, clinicians estimated the volume of IV fluid that patients will receive in the next 24 hours. The primary outcome was accuracy of the estimation defined as predicted volume of IV fluids versus actual volume administered within 10 mL/kg or 500 mL depending on patient's weight. We tested for differences in accuracy by clinician type using chi-square tests. There were 259 patients for whom 2,295 surveys were completed by 177 clinicians. Clinicians' estimates were accurate 48.8% of the time with a median difference of 10 (1–26) mL/kg. We found that accuracy varied between clinician type: bedside nurses were most accurate at 64.3%, and attendings were least accurate at 30.5%. PICU clinicians have poor recognition of the amount of IV fluids their patients will receive in the subsequent 24-hour period. Estimate accuracy varied by clinician's role and improved over time, which may suggest opportunities for improvement.
Wilms Tumor in India: A Systematic Review
Authors: Srinivasan Shyam , Ramanathan Subramaniam , Prasad Maya 
Published: November 2022

Background Cure rates of childhood malignancies are inferior in India compared with upper-middle-income countries. There is paucity of quality data addressing outcome of childhood Wilms tumor (WT) from India. This systematic review was conducted to assess the disease trends, treatment strategies, and outcome indicators in WT across India.
Materials and Methods We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS database, and additionally screened International Society of Pediatric Oncology conference abstracts. Data concerning WT or nephroblastoma published from India were extracted.
Results A total of 17 studies containing 1,170 patients were included in this review. Ninety-four percent of the studies were published after the year 2010. Advanced stage (III and IV) disease was seen in 46% of included patients. In seven studies, patients underwent a pretreatment biopsy before commencement of therapy. A hybrid approach consisting of “surgery first” in a selected subset and “neo-adjuvant chemotherapy” in all others was the most common treatment strategy adopted in half of the studies. The overall survival ranged between 48 and 89%. Key prognostic factors influencing survival across studies included increased tumor volume, metastatic disease, and unfavorable histology. Nonrelapse mortality (2.7–8.5%) was noted to be high.
Conclusion Substantial proportion of children with WT from India present with advanced stages of the disease. Despite several limitations, the current systematic review showed a modest survival among Indian children with WT. Adopting strategies through collaboration to ensure early access to expert care along with involvement of social support team to improve compliance may further improve survival of WT in India.
Great Toe Transplantation
Authors: Forte Antonio J. , Maita Karla C. , Torres-Guzman Ricardo A. , Avila Francisco R. , Safa Bauback , Buncke Gregory , Buntic Rudolph , Watt Andrew 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite being relatively uncommon in the general population, thumb amputations cause severe disability. More than 3,300 thumb amputations occurred in the United States. The thumb makes up around 40% of the function of the hand. Therefore, losing it would result in significant medical, hospital, and societal costs. Thumb reconstruction surgery's primary goal is to restore grip strength, including the range of motion, fine and tripod pinch, power grasp, strength, and sensibility, while secondary goals include restoring hand aesthetics. In cases of thumb replantation, like-for-like replacement is possible; however, when thumb replantation is not possible, great toe-to-hand transplantation is the best available reconstruction. When compared with other reconstructive options such as osteoplastic thumb reconstruction, pollicization, second toe transplantation, and the use of a thumb prosthesis, great toe transplantation provides superior function and aesthetics. For restoring pinch, sensitivity, strength, and aesthetics of the hand with well-tolerated donor site morbidity, toe to thumb transplantation is regarded as the gold standard.
Tvær blækur labba inn á bar
Authors: Markússon Jón Símon 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article examines the limited productivity of a minimally schematic Icelandic microclass, originally containing bók ‘book’, bót ‘patch’, brók ‘trousers’, nót ‘fishing net’, and rót ‘root’ only. Productivity is betrayed by the addition of feminine blók ‘nonentity’ and forms of neuter kók ‘Coke™’. While plural nominative/accusative blækur and kækur speak to the productivity of the microclass specifically, doublet forms in both paradigms follow multiple inflection classes. Some are of the opinion that plural kækur belies real language use, as it is only used for humorous effect. The current paper applies a usage-based cognitive analysis to the relevant data with two objectives. First, to account for graded membership in the microclass as a function of limited productivity. Secondly, to demonstrate that innovative kækur and blækur are deduced by identical means. It is concluded that productivity is a property of language use, which is posited as a function of analogy.
Unraveling the roles of single transition metal atom anchored on equivalent stoichiometry graphitic carbon nitride (gC6N6) for carbon dioxide reduction: a density functional theory study
Authors: Er Chen-Chen , Putri Lutfi K , Medhekar Nikhil V , Chai Siang-Piao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
CO2 photoreduction into hydrocarbon fuels is a promising strategy in closing the carbon cycle to realize a sustainable energy economy. Among the many photocatalysts that have been developed thus far, porous graphitic carbon nitride (gC6N6) has emerged as a potential photocatalyst candidate in view of its unique optoelectronic properties, metal-free nature and two-dimensional versatile structure that can be easily modified. In this work, the enhancement of equivalent stoichiometry carbon nitride (gC6N6) through single transition metal atom modification was systematically studied from first principles density functional theory calculations. The formation energy calculations revealed that incorporating single Co, Cu, Ni or Pd atom into gC6N6 is energetically favorable, with the exception of Pt. The computed density of states plot indicates that a greater degree of hybridization of the transition metal atom d-orbitals with the p-orbitals of O atom from CO2 will lead to stronger adsorption interaction. The optical absorption spectra show that Cu, Pd, and Pt promotes greater light absorption by extending the optical absorption to the NIR region. The presence of additional dopant states near the Fermi surface was found to have affected the optical absorption. The band structures of the Co,Cu,Pd,Pt@gC6N6 show bandgap narrowing due to the shifting of conduction band edge closer to the Fermi level. Contrastingly, Ni@gC6N6 exhibits bandgap narrowing through the shifting of the valence band edge to the Fermi level. The band edge positions suggest that anchoring gC6N6 with single Co, Cu, Ni, Pd and Pt atom dopants possesses the capability to reduce CO2 into C1 products. Among all the transition metals studied, Pd@gC6N6 and Cu@gC6N6 are identified as the most promising single-atom photocatalysts for CO2 reduction due to their energetically favorable formation energy, stable CO2 adsorption configuration, narrow bandgap, low charge carrier recombination, extended light absorption range and suitable band edge positions.
Effect of loading orientation on plasticity in nano-laminated CoNiCrFeMn dual-phase high-entropy alloy: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Shuang Siyao , Liang Yanxiang , Yu Chao , Kan Qianhua , Kang Guozheng , Zhang Xu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Dual-phase high-entropy alloys (DP-HEAs) have been proved to be a kind of promising materials that exhibit a combination of excellent strength and ductility. Previous studies have emphasized the effect of interface and phase volume fraction on mechanical performance in DP-HEAs. However, the deformation mechanisms such as interplays between dislocations and the constituent phases have not been fully understood. Particularly, the research concerning plastic anisotropy in DP-HEAs is still lacking. Here, molecular dynamics simulations are performed to probe the effect of loading orientation on plasticity in the nano-laminated face-centered cubic (FCC)/hexagonal close-packed (HCP) CoNiCrFeMn DP-HEA. Results reveal that a switch from strengthening to softening and back to strengthening is closely related to the activation of different slip systems when tailoring the inclination angles of the nanolaminates with respect to the tensile direction from 0° to 90°. Slip transfer across phase boundaries, phase transformation and the nucleation of shear bands dominate the plasticity in the samples with low, medium and high inclination angles, respectively. Furthermore, the evolution of microstructures, such as dislocations, stacking faults, and FCC/HCP phase are analyzed to study the underlying deformation mechanisms. These results can help understand the plastic anisotropy of DP-HEAs and design alloys with excellent mechanical properties for engineering applications.
Corrigendum: Target patterns in a 2D array of oscillators with nonlocal coupling (2018 Nonlinearity

31 4162)
Authors: Jaramillo Gabriela , Venkataramani Shankar C 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We correct the statement of lemma 3.5 in [Jaramillo et al (2018 Nonlinearity
31 4162)]. The lemma establishes Fredholm properties for a specific radial operator, which in the original paper is incorrectly defined. The error does not alter our main theorem, but does affect the proof of a subsequent result, lemma 4.11, which we fix in this corrigendum.
Characterization of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet producing the auroral transition O(1S) to O(1D)
Authors: Jaiswal S , Aguirre E M , van der Gaag T 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We present a detailed characterization of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet that produces the metastable oxygen states O(1S) and O

(

1

D) with emission of the ‘auroral’ green line. The device used 99.999

%

pure argon as a working gas for the plasma generation. Optical emission spectroscopy was used to understand the active species present in the plasma jet and to infer the mechanism of O(1S) creation and destruction. The continuum spectrum was used in conjunction with a method based on machine learning for determining the arbitrary electron probability distribution function. Discharge and plasma properties were estimated from Lissajous plots and using calculations with the BOLSIG+ software. The metastable oxygen forms for all operating parameters of the plasma jet system in a linear electrode configuration. The camera images provided information of the overall plasma jet behavior as parameters were altered. While the metastable oxygen was produced for every iteration, the plasma jet behavior changed considerably when the powered and grounded electrodes are switched. Small admixtures of oxygen and nitrogen were introduced in the plasma jet to understand the kinetic processes of metastable oxygen destruction and the 557.7 nm auroral line. This behavior has implications for plasma reactive chemistry in fundamental areas such as auroral physics as well as technological applications of plasmas.