bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redox‐Induced Structural Change in Artificial Heterometallic‐Oxide Cluster Mimicking the Photosynthetic Oxygen‐Evolving Center
Authors: Xu Boran , Chen Yang , Yao Ruoqing , Chen Changhui , Zhang Chunxi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe oxygen‐evolving center (OEC) in photosynthesis is a unique Mn4CaO5‐cluster that catalyzes the water‐splitting reaction in nature. Understanding its catalytic mechanism for the O=O bond formation is of great challenge and long‐standing issue, which is severely restricted by the lack of precise structure and mechanism mimics of this heterometallic‐oxide cluster. Herein, we report two synthetic (Mn3XO4)2O‐clusters (X=Sr2+, La3+) that closely mimic the heterometallic‐oxide Mn3XO4 cubane and three different types of μ‐oxide bridges (μ2‐O2−, μ3‐O2−, and μ4‐O2−) simultaneously as seen in the OEC. By resolving the crystal structures of both oxidized and reduced forms of the cluster, we have identified significant redox‐induced structural changes that take place on the μ2‐oxide bridge, rather than the μ4‐oxide or μ3‐oxide bridges. Our results provide chemical insights into understanding the reactivity of three different types of oxide bridges in the biological Mn4CaO5‐cluster in PSII.
Tracking down false arguments – the teaching concept feil
Authors: van den Boom Marius , Marohn Annette 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDer Artikel stellt das Unterrichtskonzept „feil: Fehlschlüsse identifizieren lernen“ vor. In diesem werden Lernende für einen kritischen Umgang mit Argumenten sensibilisiert: Sie erarbeiten ausgewählte Fehlschluss‐Typen und nutzen das Gelernte, um Argumente in naturwissenschaftlichen Kontroversen und in der Werbung zu prüfen. Sie lernen außerdem, Fehlschlüsse in der eigenen Argumentation zu identifizieren. Aufgrund des Baukastensystems bietet das Unterrichtskonzept Lehrkräften die Möglichkeit, eigene Schwerpunkte zu setzen und den Umfang der Einheit selbst festzulegen. Das Konzept kann im naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht der Sekundarstufe I eingesetzt werden. Der letzte Abschnitt des Artikels gibt einen kurzen Überblick über Ergebnisse empirischer Erhebungen.
Citizen_Labs – conception and evaluation of a course on plastic waste and microplastic in adult education
Authors: Kreienhop Nils J. , Beeken Marco 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDie Thematik Plastikmüll und Mikroplastik hat in den letzten Jahren zunehmend an Aufmerksamkeit in Berichterstattungen und den sozialen Medien gewonnen. Im Rahmen der Fridays‐for‐Future‐Bewegung gehen regelmäßig Jugendliche auf die Straße, um für eine nachhaltigere Zukunft einzustehen. In den zahlreichen Debatten rund um die Themenfelder wird allerdings oftmals der Anschein erweckt, dass ein absoluter Verzicht auf Kunststoffe notwendig sein müsste, der jedoch nicht immer möglich und nur bedingt nachhaltiger ist. Um diese Diskussionen zu versachlichen, wird in diesem Artikel ein Projekt im Kontext der Bildung für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung vorgestellt, welches das bereits beforschte Schülerlabor GreenLab_OS in die Erwachsenenbildung transferiert. Der rund 3‐stündige Kurs besteht aus 6 Kontexten inklusive einfacher Hands‐on‐Experimente. Neben der Konzeption und Durchführung wird zudem empirisch beforscht, welche geeigneten Kriterien sich für eine erfolgreiche Transformation festlegen lassen und inwiefern die Teilnahme Auswirkungen auf das Fachwissen zur Problematik sowie Umweltbewusstsein der Teilnehmenden hat.
Artificial photosynthesis in a bottle – hydrogen gas with light
Authors: Kremer Richard , Tausch Michael W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIm Beitrag wird der Experimentalvortrag der Online‐Fachtagung der Fachgruppe Chemieunterricht der GDCh aus dem September 2021 in verkürzter und digital unterstützter Form wiedergegeben. Dabei wird vornehmlich auf arbeitstechnische Details bei dem Hauptexperiment, der photokatalytischen Herstellung von Wassersstoff unter Schulbedingungen, eingegangen. Anhand der beschriebenen Schritte lässt sich prototypisch die Entwicklung eines „schulgeeigneten“ Experiments nachvollziehen.
The First Structure of Human MTHFD2L and Its Implications for the Development of Isoform‐Selective Inhibitors
Authors: Scaletti Emma R. , Gustafsson Westergren Robert , Andersson Yasmin , Wiita Elisee , Henriksson Martin , Homan Evert J. , Jemth Ann‐Sofie , Helleday Thomas , Stenmark Pål 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMethylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) is a mitochondrial 1‐carbon metabolism enzyme, which is an attractive anticancer drug target as it is highly upregulated in cancer but is not expressed in healthy adult cells. Selective MTHFD2 inhibitors could therefore offer reduced side‐effects during treatment, which are common with antifolate drugs that target other 1C‐metabolism enzymes. This task is challenging however, as MTHFD2 shares high sequence identity with the constitutively expressed isozymes cytosolic MTHFD1 and mitochondrial MTHFD2L. In fact, one of the most potent MTHFD2 inhibitors reported to date, TH7299, is actually more active against MTHFD1 and MTHFD2L. While structures of MTHFD2 and MTHFD1 exist, no MTHFD2L structures are available. We determined the first structure of MTHFD2L and its complex with TH7299, which reveals the structural basis for its highly potent MTHFD2L inhibition. Detailed analysis of the MTHFD2L structure presented here clearly highlights the challenges associated with developing truly isoform‐selective MTHFD2 inhibitors.
A formula embedding approach for semantic similarity and relatedness between formulas
Authors: Dadure Pankaj , Pakray Partha , Bandyopadhyay Sivaji 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThe mathematical formula is one of the most vital components in a scientific document, which can explicitly describe various complex concepts and ideas. In addition to numerical calculations, they are also used to clarify definitions and disambiguate explanations transcribed in natural language. Nevertheless, the formulas have a noteworthy impact in the scientific documents, the existing information retrieval systems have limited access to scientific documents based on formulas‐based queries. To accomplish this, in this research, we have studied and implemented the formula embedding approach, which encodes the formula into the embedded vector. For encoding the formula, we have used pretrained sentence bidirectional encoder representations from transformers model. The proposed embedding model takes the latex formula as input and generates an upshot as a fixed dimensional embedding representation. In addition to this, the Siamese network is used to reform the semantic meaning of the formulas. Furthermore, the embedding of the formulas and the queried formula are compared, and cosine similarity is estimated. The performance of the suggested methodology is verified using a math stack exchange corpus of ARQMath 2020, and obtained results have shown a remarkable contribution in the task of formula retrieval.
Two‐Layer Silicene on the SiC Substrate: Lithiation Investigation in the Molecular Dynamics Experiment
Authors: Galashev Alexander Y. , Rakhmanova Oksana R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe functioning of the lithium‐ion battery anode composed of silicene/SiC composite is studied by molecular dynamics. In this composite, silicene has multiple vacancy defects. Approximately the same degree of lithium filling in such an anode is considered for both horizontal and vertical intercalations. During the horizontal intercalation lithium atoms not only fill the channel and deposit on its walls, but also penetrate into the substrate. In both cases, the self‐diffusion coefficients of lithium atoms have similar values. However, the process of filling the system with lithium occurs with a smoother total energy change when the intercalation is performed vertically. A detailed study of the lithium atoms packing via the construction of Voronoi polyhedra for each of the systems under consideration shows the better uniformity of the Li atoms distribution over the volume of the system during the vertical intercalation.
Automated fluorescence gating and size determination reduce variation in measured concentration of extracellular vesicles by flow cytometry
Authors: Gankema Angela Adriana Francisca , Li Bo , Nieuwland Rienk , Pol Edwin van der 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are an upcoming biomarker for disease. However, the measured concentrations of EVs by flow cytometry are incomparable due to analytical variables. This study aimed to investigate how the choice of fluorophore, and thereby brightness, affects the measured concentration of EVs. Four commonly used fluorophores allophycocyanin, Brilliant Violet‐421, fluorescein isothiocyanate, and phycoerythrin, all conjugated to CD61 antibodies, were used to label platelet‐derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) in human plasma. PEVs were measured by flow cytometry. The concentration of EVs was obtained by manually set fluorescence gates, automatically determined fluorescence gates, and automatically determined fluorescence gates combined with specific size gates. Manually set fluorescence gates by five independent experts resulted in a variation coefficient (CV) of 41% between the measured PEV concentrations labeled with the four different fluorophores. A new algorithm for automatic determination of fluorescence gates was applied to reduce inter‐operator variability. Applying this algorithm resulted in a CV of 58%. However, when the algorithm was combined with a size gate to correct for differences in brightness between fluorophores, the CV reduced to 25%. In this study, we showed that different fluorophores can detect similar concentrations of EVs by (1) determining fluorescence gates automatically, and (2) by adding a size gate to correct for differences in brightness between fluorophores. Therefore, our research contributes to further standardization of EV concentration measurements by flow cytometry.
Influence of weather on gobbling activity of male wild turkeys
Authors: Wightman Patrick H. , Martin James A. , Kilgo John C. , Rushton Emily , Collier Bret A. , Chamberlain Michael J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGobbling activity of Eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris; hereafter, turkeys) has been widely studied, focusing on drivers of daily variation. Weather variables are widely believed to influence gobbling activity, but results across studies are contradictory and often equivocal, leading to uncertainty in the relative contribution of weather variables to daily fluctuations in gobbling activity. Previous works relied on road‐based auditory surveys to collect gobbling data, which limits data consistency, duration, and quantity due to logistical difficulties associated with human observers and restricted sampling frames. Development of new methods using autonomous recording units (ARUs) allows researchers to collect continuous data in more locations for longer periods of time, providing the opportunity to delve into factors influencing daily gobbling activity. We used ARUs from 1 March to 31 May to detail gobbling activity across multiple study sites in the southeastern United States during 2014–2018. We used state‐space modeling to investigate the effects of weather variables on daily gobbling activity. Our findings suggest rainfall, greater wind speeds, and greater temperatures negatively affected gobbling activity, whereas increasing barometric pressure positively affected gobbling activity. Therefore, when using daily gobbling activity to make inferences relative to gobbling chronology, reproductive phenology, and hunting season frameworks, stakeholders should recognize and consider the potential influences of extended periods of inclement weather.
The lateral electric force on an off‐axis sphere in a circular cylinder
Authors: Sherwood John D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe electrophoretic velocity of a sphere within a liquid‐filled circular cylinder in a direction parallel to the cylinder axis has been studied by Yariv and Brenner (Phys. Fluids 2002, 14, 3354–3357; SIAM J. Appl. Math. 2003, 64, 423–441). We use their analyses of the electric field in order to determine the electrical force on the sphere along the cylinder radius (i.e., perpendicular to its axis) when either the radius of the sphere is small compared to that of the cylinder, or when the radius of the sphere is only slightly smaller than that of the cylinder. In both cases the force acts towards the centreline of the cylinder, and hence this force tends to stabilize electrophoresis of the sphere along the cylinder axis.
Analysis and design of a single layer double square slot frequency selective surface with single stopband between double passbands
Authors: Pae Ji‐Song , Im Song‐Jin , Han Yong‐Ha , Song Kil‐Song 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSquare loop and square slot are the simplest and commonly used elements of frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) providing bandstop and bandpass responses, respectively. Despite it is already known that employment of a double square slot structure presents a tunable stopband between two passbands, it is not clear which parameters of the structure are crucial for tuning the inbetween stopband. We propose an analysis of a double square slot FSS considering its element as a parallel connection of square slot and square loop predicting two geometrical parameters of the constituent square loop are crucial for tuning the inbetween stopband. The stopband is tunable by changing geometrical parameters of the constituent square loop and does not depend on geometries of the constituent square slot. The validity of this analytical prediction is verified by full wave EM simulation results.
Late Holocene rupture history of the Ash Hill fault, Eastern California Shear Zone, and the potential for seismogenic strain transfer between nearby faults
Authors: Regalla Christine , Kirby Eric , Mahan Shannon , McDonald Eric , Pangrcic Hannah , Binkley Amanda , Schottenfels Emily , LaPlante Aubrey , Sethanant Israporn , Lynch Emerson M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how fault systems interact and transfer strain over seismogenic timescales (seconds to ka) requires temporal records of past ruptures along adjacent and intersecting fault networks. Here we document the record of Late Holocene ruptures as recorded in the geomorphology of alluvial deposits along the Ash Hill fault, in the Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ). We leverage a multi‐faceted approach to evaluate the relative timing of Ash Hill fault ruptures to those of nearby faults in the ECSZ. We determine the number and timing of Late Holocene earthquakes on the Ash Hill fault using high‐resolution tectono‐geomorphic mapping, a locally calibrated alluvial fan stratigraphy, feldspar luminescence dating, and fault offset analysis from field observations, LiDAR, and drone‐based digital surface elevation models. We find evidence for three surface‐rupturing earthquakes that have occurred since ~4 ka, each with ~1.0 ± 0.2 m of oblique slip per event (Mw ~ 6.9–7.0), and we constrain the timing of these earthquakes by dating deposits that bracket each event. The timing of these three ruptures is similar to the paleoseismic record along the adjacent range‐bounding fault in southern Panamint Valley. Specifically, the two adjacent faults exhibit similar numbers of earthquakes during the Late Holocene, with similar recurrence intervals and rupture timing. These data suggest that it is possible that these two faults have ruptured in the same or closely temporally related events throughout the Late Holocene. Similar spatio‐temporal clustered earthquakes have been recognized in both historic and paleoseismic records in the region, and such behaviour may be common in complexly interlinked fault networks, like those that exist in the ECSZ.
Learning to love at the violent periphery of Philippine society
Authors: Jensen Sif Lehman 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article seeks to contribute to a scholarly conversation about love beyond dominant assumptions of romance, desire, and attraction by exploring what love comes to mean as situated in and governed by violence and marginalization in the shadows of political conflict. Based on ethnographic fieldwork among Muslim women in Palawan, the Philippines, I unpack the empirical notion of learning to love as it occurred in their stories of marriage. The article argues that learning to love reflects the women's struggles to survive socially, emotionally, and materially, and to make a life and selves. In this way, love is rooted in patriarchal relationality, the cultivation of moral and religious ideals of womanhood as well as in the social and material dependency in the family revealing love as familial togetherness, attachment, and support. On this basis, the process of learning love captures the women's work of learning to live, reclaiming sociality and social worth within the violent and confining conditions that structure their lives.
Effectiveness of case scenario‐based teaching to transition international Master of Public Health students specialising in health promotion from memorization to critical thinking
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Hassan , Ratan Zubair Ahmed , Shnaigat Mahmmoud , Edwards Joseph , Verma Iksheta , Niknami Marzieh , Dadich Ann 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIssue addressedCritical thinking is essential to health promotion to overcome increasingly complex health issues. International students from Middle East and Asia are however disadvantaged when required to demonstrate critical thinking mainly because of their previous training in memorisation. This study addresses this need by evaluating the effect of case scenario‐based teaching on transition from memorisation to critical thinking among international students in an Australia university.MethodsThis was a pre and post intervention study and data were collected from a convenience sample of 79 international Master of Public Health students specialising in health promotion in 2019 at the University of Wollongong.ResultsMost of the participants were female (73.4%) and aged 25 years or older (64.6%), predominantly from India (40.5%), Nepal (31.6%) and Saudi Arabia (11.4%). A paired t‐test analysis showed that the intervention – case scenario‐based teaching – significantly improved the mean post‐intervention critical thinking skills (P < 0.001). Case studies improved critical thinking among international students, irrespective of demographic attributes. Multiple regression analyses indicated that critical thinking predicted 78.6 of the total marks, after controlling for demographic attributes. In terms of assessment marks, improved multiple solutions skills yielded better marks for tutorial participations; while improved problem identification skills improved marks for report assessments and exams. Improved communication skills led to better marks for essay assessments.ConclusionsCase studies improved critical thinking and was a reliable predictor of student performance among the participants.So what?This study makes a strong case for case scenario‐based teaching to improve critical thinking among international students. However, given the limitations of this study, including the small, non‐representative sample, further testing is required.
The value of QRS onset of the outflow tract PVC in V1 and V2 leads recorded in fourth, third, and second intercostal spaces to differentiate main origins of premature ventricular contraction—A prospective cohort study
Authors: Jorat Mohammad V. , Vaziri Farzaneh , Hassanzadeh Mani , Jorat Parsa , Mehdipour Namdar Zahra , Ataei Rooyani Lobat , Aslani Amir , Izadpanah Peyman 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundElectrocardiography (ECG) is now proposed as a simple and cost‐effective tool to determine the location of arrhythmias before ablation. We aimed to examine the value of the QRS onset of outflow tract PVC in V1 and V2 leads recorded in fourth, third, and second intercostal spaces to differentiate two main origins for premature ventricular contraction (PVC) including right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT).MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, a total of 58 patients were studied, from whom a surface ECG was obtained using V1 and V2 leads in the fourth, third, and second intercostal spaces. ECG and Electrophysiology studie (EPS) data were then recorded and compared to determine the sensitivity and specificity of QRS onset in locating arrhythmias. The reciever operating characterictic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to test diagnostic performance.ResultsBased on the time of PVC initiation in each of the V1 and V2 leads in the fourth intercostal space, if PVC is recorded earlier in the V1 lead, its source in 95.8% of the patients is RVOT and if PVC preceded the V2 lead, 70.59% of the patients had PVC from LVOT. Comparing of QRS onset in V1 and V2 leadsrecorded from third% and and second intercostal spaces had considerable sensitivity and specificity to determine the origin of the outflow tract PVC (81.82 and 94.12%, respectively)ConclusionSimultaneous recording of outflow tract PVCs from second third and fourth intercostal spaces and comparing their onset can determine the left and right outflow tract PVCs with high sensitivity and specificity.
Special issue “The advance of solid tumor research in China”: Presurgical therapy in the management of local retroperitoneal recurrence of renal cell carcinoma after radical nephrectomy
Authors: Wang Yueming , Huang Jiwei , Zhang Cuijian , Hu Xiaoyi , Wang Ping , Shi Guohai , Zhang Jin , Kong Wen , Chen Yonghui , Huang Yiran , Ye Dingwei , Xia Dan , Guo Jianming , He Zhisong , Xue Wei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLocal retroperitoneal recurrence (RPR) after radical nephrectomy (RN) is rare in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC); however, it is associated with poor prognosis and lacks standard treatment. Our study aimed to assess oncological outcomes and prognostic factors of patients that underwent targeted therapy for RPR after RN, and to evaluate the role of presurgical targeted therapy in this context. This was a retrospective multicenter study of 85 patients with RPR treated with targeted therapy for RPR after RN (July 2008‐October 2020). Clinical and pathological characteristics were reported using descriptive statistics. Cancer‐specific survival (CSS) was examined using the Cox proportional hazards model. The median follow‐up time was 50 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 33.3‐66.7) after the RPR diagnosis. The median CSS was 96 months in the presurgical targeted therapy followed by surgical resection group and 42 months (95% CI: 28.8‐55.2) in the targeted therapy alone group (P = .0011). In multivariate analysis, International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium classification intermediate/poor risk, number of recurrence lesions and surgical resection were independent predictors of CSS. Presurgical targeted therapy may increase the feasibility of tumor resection for RPR after RN. Patients who underwent surgical resection following presurgical targeted therapy had better CSS than those treated with targeted therapy alone.
Methyl benzoate derivatives: in vitro Paraoxonase 1 inhibition and in silico studies
Authors: Korkmaz Işıl Nihan , Türkeş Cüneyt , Demir Yeliz , Özdemir Hasan , Beydemir Şükrü 
Published: June 2022

AbstractParaoxonase 1 (PON1) can metabolize some compounds such as aromatic carboxylic acid and unsaturated aliphatic esters, arylesters, cyclic carbonate, plucuronide drugs, some carbamate insecticide classes, nerve gases, and lactone compounds. Methyl benzoate has recently been shown to display potent toxicity against several insect species. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of the methyl benzoate compounds (1–17) on PON1 activity. Methyl benzoate compounds inhibited PON1 with KI values ranging from 25.10 ± 4.73 to 502.10 ± 64.72 μM. Compound 10 (methyl 4‐amino‐2‐bromo benzoate) showed the best inhibition (KI = 25.10 ± 4.73 μM). Furthermore, using the ADME‐Tox, Glide XP, and MM‐GBSA tools of the Schrödinger Suite 2021‐4, a complete ligand–receptor interaction prediction was performed to characterize the methyl benzoates (1–17), probable binding modalities versus the PON1.