bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Attitude of Addis Ababa University Undergraduate Pharmacy Student's toward Pharmaceutical Care and Perceived Barriers for the Provision of Pharmaceutical Care
Authors: Feroche Alemu Tadesse , Alemayehu Ermias , Erke Dagmait Awoke 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Pharmaceutical care plays a pivotal role starting from effective medication utilization to overall improvements in health-related quality of life of the patient by working closely with the patients and other health care providers.In many developed countries, the provision of PC is highly advocated but when we come to developing countries like Ethiopia even though students can acquire knowledge related to pharmaceutical care its applicability in practical settings is still in its infant age, hence it should be integrated with other health care system so that students can apply the knowledge they acquired during practical classes which in turn assists in enhancing pharmacotherapy and improving patients’ quality of life.Objective: To assess the attitude of undergraduate Addis Ababa University pharmacy students toward pharmaceutical care and perceived barriers for provision of pharmaceutical care.Methodology: An online descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from July 17 2021 to August 30, 2021 in the college of health sciences, TASH, among 4th and 5th-year undergraduate pharmacy students to assess their attitude toward pharmaceutical care and perceived toward its implementation using a 13-item- standard PC attitude survey (PCAS) questionnaire and 12-items PC barrier questionnaires.Result: Over a seven-week study period, among 105 students, 94 students completed the online survey; achieved overall response rate was 89.5%. Response rate was 85% for 4th year students and 94% for 5th year students.Conclusion: Addis Ababa University Undergraduate pharmacy students showed positive attitude toward pharmaceutical care. Inadequate training in pharmaceutical care, Poor image of pharmacist’s role in society, very limited workplace in government and private hospitals, Lack of access to the patient medical record in the pharmacy and Inadequate internship period (hospital and community pharmacy) were the top perceived barriers by students for provision of pharmaceutical care.
Experiment and Simulation of SiC Particle Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites Fabricated by Friction Stir Processing
Authors: Tang Jingming , Deng Qichao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
During the friction stir processing (FSP), the influence of the pre-implanted reinforced particles on the temperature field and the flow field of the processed zone directly determines the microstructure and properties of the aluminum matrix composites fabricated by FSP. However, the differences in the characteristics of processed materials, especially the effect of pre-implanted reinforced particles on the flow of plastic materials, have rarely been reported. In this study, the temperature field of the processed zone was obtained by experimental measurement and numerical simulation. The model of the effect of the SiC particles as reinforced particles on the temperature field and the flow field of the processed zone was established. The influence of the SiC particles on the flow of plastic materials during the FSP was further investigated. The refinement, particle size and distribution of the SiC particles in the processed zone of the FSPed multi-pass composites were also discussed in detail. The results showed that the temperature field at the contact interface between the SiC particles and the matrix in the processed zone was not continuously distributed. Due to the collision and hindrance of the reinforced SiC particles, the flow direction of plastic materials in the processed zone had been changed many times during the flow process. The particle size of the SiC particles has a significant effect on the flow path of the processed plastic material.
Mmp13 deletion in mesenchymal cells increases bone mass and attenuates the cortical bone loss caused by estrogen deficiency
Authors: Ponte Filipa , Kim Ha-Neui , Warren Aaron , Iyer Srividhya , Han Li , Mannen Erin , Gomez-Acevedo Horacio , Nookaew Intawat , Almeida Maria , Manolagas Stavros C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The protective effect of estrogens against cortical bone loss is mediated via direct actions on mesenchymal cells, but functional evidence for the mediators of these effects has only recently begun to emerge. We report that the matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) is the highest up-regulated gene in mesenchymal cells from mice lacking the estrogen receptor alpha (ERa). In sham-operated female mice with conditional Mmp13 deletion in Prrx1 expressing cells (Mmp13DPrrx1), the femur and tibia length was lower as compared to control littermates (Mmp13f/f). Additionally, in the sham-operated female Mmp13DPrrx1 mice cortical thickness and trabecular bone volume in the femur and tibia were higher and osteoclast number at the endocortical surfaces was lower, whereas bone formation rate was unaffected. Notably, the decrease of cortical thickness caused by ovariectomy (OVX) in the femur and tibia of Mmp13f/f mice was attenuated in the Mmp13DPrrx1 mice; but the decrease of trabecular bone caused by OVX was not affected. These results reveal that mesenchymal cell–derived MMP13 regulates osteoclast number, bone resorption, and bone mass. And increased production of mesenchymal cell-derived factors are important mediators of the adverse effect of estrogen deficiency on cortical, but not trabecular, bone.
Carbon Dioxide and Particulate Emissions from The 2013 Tasmanian Firestorm: Implications for Australian Carbon Accounting
Authors: Ndalila Mercy Nelima , Williamson Grant J. , Bowman David M. J. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundUncontrolled wildfires in Australian temperate Eucalyptus forests produce significant smoke emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2) and particulates. Emissions from fires in these ecosystems, however, have received less research attention than the fires in North American conifer forests or frequently burned Australian tropical savannas. Here, we use the 2013 Forcett–Dunalley fire, that caused the first recorded pyrocumulonimbus event in Tasmania, to understand CO2 and particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions from a severe Eucalyptus forest fire. We investigate the spatial patterns of the two emissions using a fine scale mapping of vegetation and fire severity (50 m resolution), and utilising available emission factors suitable for Australian vegetation types. We compare the results with coarse-scale (28 km resolution) emissions estimates from Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) to determine the reliability of the global model in emissions estimation. ResultsThe fine scale inventory yielded total CO2 emission of 1.125 ± 0.232 Tg and PM2.5 emission of 0.022 ± 0.006 Tg, representing a loss of 56 t CO2 ha -1 and 1 t PM2.5 ha -1. The CO2 emissions were comparable to GFED estimates, but GFED PM2.5 estimates were lower by a factor of three. This study highlights the reliability of GFED for CO2 but not PM2.5 for estimating emissions from Eucalyptus forest fires. Our fine scale and GFED estimates showed that the Forcett–Dunalley fire emitted 30% of 2013 fire emissions in Tasmania, and 26-36% of mean annual fire emissions for the State, representing a significant single source of emissions. Conclusions Our analyses highlight the need for improved PM2.5 emission factors specific to Australian vegetation, and better characterisation of fuel loads, particularly coarse fuel loads, to quantify wildfire particulate and greenhouse gas emissions more accurately. Current Australian carbon accountancy approach of excluding large wildfires from final GHG accounts likely exaggerates Tasmania’s claim to carbon neutrality; we therefore recommend that planned and unplanned emissions are included in the final national and state greenhouse gas accounting to international conventions. Advancing these issues is important given the trajectory of more frequent large fires driven by anthropogenic climate change.
High Levels Of Triglycerides And Apolipoprotein B Increase The Risk Of Colorectal Polyp Recurrence After Endoscopic Resection
Authors: Du Jia-yu , Huang Gui-ying , Xie Yong-chun , Li Nan-xi , Lin Zhi-wei , Zhang Li 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Rates of colorectal polyp incidence and recurrence are high, so this study investigated risk factors of colorectal polyp recurrence after endoscopic surgery.Methods: This retrospective study analyzed various blood lipid indices for 357 patients at our hospital who underwent intestinal polypectomy from January 1, 2018, to June 1, 2020, 161 of them recurred during a follow-up of about 1 year. Potential associations between blood indices and risk of recurrence were analyzed.Results: Levels of triglycerides and apolipoprotein B were significantly higher among patients who experienced recurrence than among those who did not. Binary logistic regression identified three independent risk factors for recurrence: triglycerides (odds ratio 1.763, 95% confidence interval 1.003-3.098, P = 0.049), apolipoprotein B (5.438, 1.411-20.961, P = 0.014) and the number of polyps (2.54, 1.649-3.911, P < 0.001).Conclusion: High levels of triglycerides and apolipoprotein B in the blood are independent risk factors for colorectal polyp recurrence.
Linkage to HIV care and early retention in care rates in the Universal Test-and-Treat era: a population-based prospective study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Nicol Edward , Basera Wisdom , Mukumbang Ferdinand C , Cheyip Mireille , Mthethwa Simangele , Lombard Carl , Jama Ngcwalisa , Pass Desiree , Laubscher Ria , Bradshaw Debbie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction: HIV care, linkage, and retention are key weaknesses in South Africa’s national antiretroviral therapy (ART) program, with the greatest loss of patients in the HIV treatment pathway occurring before ART initiation. Very few studies have investigated the proportion of people newly diagnosed with HIV linked-to and retained-in-care in the ‘Universal Test-and-Treat’ era. This study investigated linkage-to and early-retention-in-care (LTRIC) rates among adults newly diagnosed with HIV in a high-HIV prevalent rural district. Methods: We conducted an observational prospective cohort study from December 2017 to August 2019 to investigate LTRIC rates for adults with a new HIV diagnosis in uThukela district, South Africa. Patient-level survey and clinical data were collected using a one-stage-cluster design from 18 healthcare facilities and triangulated between HIV and laboratory databases and registered deaths from Department of Home Affairs. We used Chi-square tests to assess associations between categorical variables, and results were stratified by HIV status, sex, and age. Confidence intervals (CI) and p-value of £0.05 were reported to consider statistical significance. Results: Of the 5,637 participants recruited from December 2017 to June 2018, 21.2% [1,194/5,637; CI: 15.8-26.5] had confirmed HIV. Of the HIV-positive participants, 70.9% were women, and 46.5% were aged 25–34 years. Although 82.7% of participants (987/1,194) were linked-to-care within 3 months, only 46.1% (551/1,194; CI: 31.0-61.3) remained-in-care 12 months after initiating ART and 5.2% (62/1,194; CI: 4.0-6.6) were deceased. While a significantly higher proportion of men were linked-to-care at 3 months compared to women [85.1% (292/343); CI: 80.4-88.9 vs. 81.7 (695/851); CI: 75.0-86.9, p=0.03], a significantly proportion of women [49.5% (419/847); CI: 34.3-64.7] remained-in-care at 12 months than men [38.0% (132/347); CI: 24.6-53.6, p=0.01). Nearly half of the participants retained-in-care were aged 35–49 years (49.1%). Post-secondary education (p=0.05) and child support grants (p=0.03) were independently significantly associated with retention. Conclusion: We found high initial linkage-to-care rates, but less than 50% of participants remained-in-care at 12 months. Significant effort is required to retain PLHIV in care, especially during the first year after ART initiation. Our findings suggest that interventions could target women aged 18–34 years; more research is needed to understand barriers to LTRIC for men.
Crosstalk between mucosal microbiota, host gene expression, and sociomedical factors in the progression of colorectal cancer
Authors: Kim Namjoo , Gim Jeong-An , Lee Beom Jae , Choi Byung il , Yoon Hee Sook , Kim Seung Han , Joo Moon Kyung , Park Jong-Jae , Kim Chungyeul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Various omics-based biomarkers related to the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) have been identified. In this study, we attempted to identify gut microbiome-based biomarkers and detect their association with host gene expression in the initiation and progression of CRC by integrating analysis of the gut mucosal metagenome, RNA sequencing, and sociomedical factors. We performed metagenome and RNA sequencing on colonic mucosa samples from 13 patients with advanced CRC (ACRC), 10 patients with high-risk adenoma (HRA), and 7 normal control (NC) individuals. All participants completed a questionnaire on sociomedical factors. The interaction and correlation between changes in the microbiome and gene expression were assessed using bioinformatic analysis. When comparing HRA and NC samples, which can be considered to represent the process of tumor initiation, 28 genes and five microbiome species were analyzed with correlation plots. When comparing ACRC and HRA samples, which can be considered to represent the progression of CRC, seven bacterial species and 21 genes were analyzed. When comparing ACRC and NC samples, 16 genes and five bacterial species were analyzed, and four correlation plots were generated. A network visualizing the relationship between bacterial and host gene expression in the initiation and progression of CRC indicated that Clostridium spiroforme and Tyzzerella nexilis were hub bacteria in the development and progression of CRC. Our study revealed the interactions of and correlation between the colonic mucosal microbiome and host gene expression to identify potential roles of the microbiome in the initiation and progression of CRC. Our results provide gut microbiome-based biomarkers that may be potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in patients with CRC.
Community Surveillance of Omicron in Ontario: Wastewater-based Epidemiology Comes of Age.
Authors: Arts Eric , Brown Stephen , Bulir David , Charles Trevor , DeGroot Christopher , Delatolla Robert , Desaulniers Jean-Paul , Edwards Elizabeth , Fuzzen Meghan , Gilbride Kimberley , Gilchrist Jodi , Goodridge Lawrence , Graber Tyson , Jüni Peter , Kirkwood Andrea , Knockleby James , Kyle Christopher , Landgraff Chrystal , Mangat Chand , Manuel Douglas , McKay Mike , Mejia Edgard , Mloszewska Aleksandra , Ormeci Banu , Oswald Claire , Payne Sarah Jane , Peng Hui , Peterson Shelley , Poon Art , Servos Mark , Simmons Denina , Sun Jianxian , Yang Minqing , Ybazeta Gustavo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Wastewater-based surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been implemented at building, neighbourhood, and city levels throughout the world. Implementation strategies and analysis methods differ, but they all aim to provide rapid and reliable information about community COVID-19 health states. A viable and sustainable SARS-CoV-2 surveillance network must not only provide reliable and timely information about COVID-19 trends, but also provide for scalability as well as accurate detection of known or unknown emerging variants. Emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern Omicron in late Fall 2021 presented an excellent opportunity to benchmark individual and aggregated data outputs of the Ontario Wastewater Surveillance Initiative in Canada; this public health-integrated surveillance network monitors wastewaters from over 10 million people across major population centres of the province. We demonstrate that this coordinated approach provides excellent situational awareness, comparing favourably with traditional clinical surveillance measures. Thus, aggregated datasets compiled from multiple wastewater-based surveillance nodes can provide sufficient sensitivity (i.e., early indication of increasing and decreasing incidence of SARS-CoV-2) and specificity (i.e., allele frequency estimation of emerging variants) with which to make informed public health decisions at regional- and state-levels.
Job Satisfaction of Ready-Made Garments Workers of Bangladesh: A Study on Nassa Super Garments Limited
Authors: Fm.Asikullah  
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Job satisfaction has been an ordinary and important matter around the world. Job satisfaction is considered as one of the factors of employees’ productivity, as it enables workers to be more productive and concentrate on their work with unrelenting attention. In Bangladesh, ready-made garments (RMG) are the mainstay of economy. So, it is rational for RMG workers to be satisfied with their job in order to contribute more to our economy. But it is a matter of regret that most of the employees of RMG sector suffer unavailability of leaves and rest, lack of evaluation of personal interest, long working hours, unhygienic canteen and toilet facility, which lead to increase their workload and stress level and finally make them less productive. However, our study found that more than 50% workers of Nassa Super Garments Ltd are satisfied with their job, 35% are neutral and only 12% are dissatisfied with their job. Moreover, job security, working condition and decision-making process, unavailability of leaves and rest, pay and other financial incentives, lack of evaluation of personal interest, inefficient canteen facility and rewards and recognition are found statistically significant predictors of employees’ job satisfaction. Among the statistically significant variables unavailability of leaves and rest, lack of evaluation of personal interest and inefficient canteen facility have negative relation with job satisfaction because unstandardized coefficient (B) and standardized coefficient (Beta) are negative. Regression model expresses 90.1% of total variance in the dependent variable (Job satisfaction), whereas ANOVA table indicates that the model is fit and significant for analysis.
Inhibiting IRE-1 RNase signaling decreases HIV-1 Tat-induced inflammatory M1 state in microglial cells
Authors: Pinto Aguinaldo Roberto , Ferrary Monique , Terenzi Hernán , Silveira Douglas Bardini 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
HIV-1 transactivator (Tat) protein plays a critical role in neurological disorders resulting from viral infection, commonly known as HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Previous studies have shown that circulant Tat induces M1 microglial activation, one of the hallmark features of HAND, and this is coupled with ER stress and subsequent Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) deflagration. Here, we demonstrate that bystander stimuli of Tat in microglial cells result in the simultaneous overexpression of IRE1-related markers and production of M1-typed pro-inflammatory mediators. We also show that blocking IRE1/XBP-1 signaling using 4µ8C diminishes such inflammatory response. These findings reinforce a role for the IRE1/XBP-1 pathway in HIV-1 neuropathology and suggest that targeting IRE1 RNase activity using 4µ8C or analogue compounds may provide a therapeutic intervention to mitigate against neuroinflammation in HAND.
Head-on collision of dust-ion acoustic solitary waves in a plasma with a nonextensive electron
Authors: Pakzad H. R. , Javadzadeh R. , Nobahar D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper is devoted to the study of head-on collision between a couple of dust-ion acoustic solitary (DIAS) waves in an unmagnetized dusty plasma comprised of inertial ions, negatively charged stationary dust grains and nonextensive electrons. To this end, using the extended Poincaré–Lighthill–Kuo approach, two Kortwege–de Vries equations for solitary waves are derived and the analytical phase shifts after the head-on collision of two DIAS waves are obtained. In the following, based on the numerical calculations the effects of the relative density and nonextensivity on phase shifts are investigated. The results show that the presence of nonextensive electrons in dusty plasma has noticeable effect on the characteristics of DIAS waves' collision. We believe that these results can be of usable in getting more insight into the DIAS waves' collision in laboratory and astrophysical plasmas.
Magnetic graphene oxide/carboxymethyl-imidazolium-grafted chitosan Schiff base nanocomposite: a new PdNPs support for efficient catalytic reduction of hazardous nitroarenes
Authors: Yahya Rana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The relevance of aryl amines as raw materials for a variety of applications has prompted substantial research into developing highly efficient protocols for hazardous nitroarenes reduction. To that end, a new sustainable and heterogeneous palladium nanocatalyst was fabricated by immobilization of PdNPs on the new magntic support composed of carboxymethyl-imidazolium ionic liquid-grafted chitosan Schiff base and magnetic graphene oxide (CMICSB-MGO) nanocomposites. The spectral, thermal, and microscopic analyses results revealed the successful formation of the magnetic support and nanocatalyst. The activity of the new nanocatalyst (CMICSB-MGO-Pd) in the catalytic reduction of hazardous nitroarenes to convert them into valuable aminoarenes was studied. The findings demonstrated that the new nanocatalyst has excellent catalytic activity, superior recoverability, as well as outstanding reusability under very mild reaction conditions. Moreover, this nanocatalyst can be recycled up to 8 catalytic runs, without significant loss in its efficacy or Pd leaching. Thus, the new magnetic support and nanocatalyst are more eco-friendly and sustainable choices for large-scale use and could pave the way for developing other metal-based catalysts for versatile applications in the future.