bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Replication study for ADOS‐2 cut‐offs to assist evaluation of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Hong Ji Su , Singh Vini , Kalb Luke , Reetzke Rachel , Ludwig Natasha N. , Pfeiffer Danika , Holingue Calliope , Menon Deepa , Lu Qing , Ashkar Ahlam , Landa Rebecca 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS‐2) has been widely used for ASD assessment. While prior studies investigated sensitivity and specificity of ADOS‐2 Modules 1–3, there has been limited research addressing algorithm cut‐off scores to optimize ADOS‐2 classification. The goal of this study was to assess algorithm cut‐off scores for diagnosing ASD with Modules 1–3, and to evaluate alignment of the ADOS‐2 classification with the best estimate clinical diagnosis. Participants included 3144 children aged 31 months or older who received ADOS‐2 Modules 1–3, as well as the best estimate clinical diagnosis. Five classification statistics were reported for each module: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy (i.e., Receiver Operator Classification Statistic), and these statistics were calculated for the optimal cut‐off score. Frequency tables were used to compare ADOS‐2 classification and the best estimate clinical diagnosis. Half of the sample received Module 3, 21% received Module 2, and 29% received Module 1. The overall prevalence of ASD was 60%; the male‐to‐female ratio was 4:1, and half of the sample was non‐White. Across all modules, the autism spectrum cut‐off score from the ADOS‐2 manual resulted in high sensitivity (95%+) and low specificity (63%–73%). The autism cut‐off score resulted in better specificity (76%–86%) with favorable sensitivity (81%–94%). The optimal cut‐off scores for all modules based on the current sample were within the autism spectrum classification range except Module 2 Algorithm 2. In the No ASD group, 29% had false positives (ADOS‐2 autism spectrum classification or autism classification). The ADOS‐2 autism spectrum classification did not indicate directionality for diagnostic outcome (ASD 56% vs. No ASD 44%). While cut‐off scores of ADOS‐2 Modules 1–3 in the manual yielded good clinical utility in ASD assessment, false positives and low predictability of the autism spectrum classification remain challenging for clinicians.
The buried gems of disease tolerance in animals: Evolutionary and interspecies comparative approaches
Authors: Hawash Mohamed B. F. , El‐deeb Mohamed A. , Gaber Rahma , Morsy Kareem S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHost defense mechanisms are categorized into different strategies, namely, avoidance, resistance and tolerance. Resistance encompasses mechanisms that directly kill the pathogen while tolerance is mainly concerned with alleviating the harsh consequences of the infection regardless of the pathogen burden. Resistance is well‐known strategy in immunology while tolerance is relatively new. Studies addressed tolerance mainly using mouse models revealing a wide range of interesting tolerance mechanisms. Herein, we aim to emphasize on the interspecies comparative approaches to explore potential new mechanisms of disease tolerance. We will discuss mechanisms of tolerance with focus on those that were revealed using comparative study designs of mammals followed by summarizing the reasons for adopting comparative approaches on disease tolerance studies. Disease tolerance is a relatively new concept in immunology, we believe combining comparative studies with model organism study designs will enhance our understanding to tolerance and unveil new mechanisms of tolerance.
From genetics to biotechnology: Synthetic biology as a flexible course‐embedded research experience
Authors: Johnson Kristen C. , Sabel Jaime L. , Cole Judith , Pruett Christin L. , Plymale Ruth , Reyna Nathan S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe need for changing how science is taught and the expansion of undergraduate research experiences is essential to foster critical thinking in the Natural Sciences. Most faculty research programs only involve a small number of upper‐level undergraduate students each semester. The course‐based undergraduate research experience (CURE) model enables more students to take ownership over an independent project and experience authentic research. Further, by creating projects that fit into a curriculum's learning goals and student‐oriented outcomes, departments help strengthen critical thinking skills in the classroom. Here, we report on the incorporation of a synthetic biology CURE into a mid‐level cellular biology course and two advanced level genetics/molecular biology courses. Synthetic biology involves systematic engineering of novel organisms, such as bacteria and plants, to work as functional devices to solve problems in medicine, agriculture, and manufacturing. The value of synthetic biology and its ultimate utility as a teaching tool relies on reusable, standard genetic parts that can be interchanged using common genetic engineering principles. This Synthetic biology CURE effectively achieves five essential goals: (1) a sense of project ownership; (2) self‐efficacy: mastery of a manageable number of techniques; (3) increased tolerance for obstacles through challenging research; (4) increased communication skills; and (5) a sense of belonging in a larger scientific community. Based upon our student assessment data, we demonstrate that this course‐based synthetic biology laboratory engages students directly in an authentic research experience and models important elements of collaboration, discovery, iteration, and critical thinking.
Retrograde approach for rewiring a jailed side branch during double kissing crush stenting
Authors: Chami Tarek , Mahowald Madeline K. , Brilakis Emmanouil 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDouble kissing crush (DK crush) is one of the preferred strategies for bifurcation stenting due to the lower risk of target vessel failure but can be difficult to perform. Difficulty in wiring the jailed side branch after stenting the main vessel is not uncommon. The retrograde crossing can provide a solution in selected cases when antegrade rewiring of a jailed side branch fails during DK crush (or other bifurcation stenting techniques).
Semi‐quantification of binary saline solutions by Raman spectroscopy: Implications for Europa
Authors: Manrique Jose Antonio , Veneranda Marco , Merino‐Lomas Yaiza , Rull Fernando , Charro Elena , Gonzalez Manuel A. , Lopez Jose Manuel , Gutiez Eduardo Rodríguez , Sanz‐Arranz Jose Aurelio , Maurice Sylvestre , Lopez‐Reyes Guillermo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Europa lander is a concept for a potential future planetary exploration mission which purpose is to characterize the icy shell of Europa and to search for organics. To achieve this objective, the current concept of the lander includes a Raman spectrometer, such as RLS instrument, that could be able to analyze (sub) surface targets in their solid and liquid form. Knowing that ice and brines of Europa are potentially enriched by sulfate and chlorides, this work seeks to evaluate if Raman spectroscopy could be used to semi quantify the saline content of water solutions using space‐like instrumentation. To do so, MgSO4 and MgCl2 were used to prepare three sets of water solutions. Raman analyses were then performed by the laboratory simulator of the ExoMars Raman Laser Spectrometer (RLS), which has been defined as the threshold system for the Europa Lander. After data analysis, two different semi‐quantification approaches were tested, and their results compared. Although univariate calibration curves proved to successfully quantify the content of SO42− and Cl− anions dissolved in mono‐analyte water solutions, this strategy provided very poor results when applied to binary saline mixtures. Overcoming this issue, the non‐linearity prediction ability of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in combination with bandfitting allows to successfully resolve the complexity of the vibrational perturbation suffered by the OH region, which is caused by the cross interaction of H2O molecules with different anions.
Swiss knife covariates selection: A unified algorithm for covariates selection in single block, multiblock, multiway, multiway multiblock cases including multiple responses
Authors: Mishra Puneet , Liland Kristian Hovde , Indahl Ulf Geir 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA novel unified covariates selection algorithm called Swiss knife covariates selection (SKCovSel) is presented. It is suitable for selecting covariates in a wide range of data scenarios such as a single two‐way data block, two‐way multiblock, multiway, multiway multiblock, selection of covariates along different modes for multiway data blocks and for selecting covariates for all mentioned cases in multiple response scenarios. In the multiblock case, the method can be scale and data block order‐independent depending on the preference of the user. For multiway scenarios, the method can be multiway mode order independent, depending on the preference of the user. The proposed SKCovSel algorithm generalises the recent speed improvements from faster CovSel to all mentioned data block cases. It also reformulates the multiway case to do proper deflation and rank one slab selections. Particularly, for modelling of multiblock data sets, the SKCovSel follows the “winner takes all” strategy of the stepwise response‐oriented sequential alternation modelling. In the case of multiway data, the SKCovSel strategy considers multiway loading weights after decomposition of a high‐dimensional squared covariance matrix to select features across different modes. The algorithmic steps of the methods are presented, and cases of modelling different data types such as single block, multiblock, multiway multiblock, modes selection for multiway data and multiple responses modelling are shown. The method incorporates all popular covariates selection algorithms existing in the chemometric literature.
Conventional and transgenic herbicide‐resistant soybean cultivars yielded similarly across five site‐years in Nebraska
Authors: Mobli Ahmadreza , Arneson Nicholas J. , Spicka Steve , Glewen Keith , Proctor Christopher A. , Werle Rodrigo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Moench.] yield is determined by interactions amongst soybean cultivars’ genetic potential, agronomic practices, and environmental conditions. Despite the high adoption of herbicide‐resistant soybean cultivars across Nebraska and the United States, the comparative yield potential of non‐herbicide‐resistant (“conventional”) cultivars in not well understood. A field experiment was conducted at five locations across Nebraska in 2017 and 2018 to determine the effect of row spacing (15 and 30 in), cultivar maturity group (2.2–2.4 and 3.2), and herbicide resistance traits (conventional, glyphosate‐resistant, and glyphosate‐ and dicamba‐resistant) on soybean yield. Narrow row spacing increased the soybean yield in three of five research locations. The soybean yield in Auburn in 2017, Albion in 2018, and Cedar Bluffs in 2018 increased by 11.9, 10.2, and 11.4% in narrow compared with wide rows, respectively. Cultivar maturity group and herbicide resistance traits did not affect soybean yield under weed‐free experimental conditions. These results suggest that growers could benefit from earlier maturity groups, as they provide an opportunity for earlier harvest, allowing growers to better spread their field activities in the fall. The grain yield potential was similar between conventional and transgenic herbicide‐resistant cultivars. Therefore, conventional soybean cultivars can be a viable option when adequate weed management can be achieved through conventional weed management strategies.
Fast Treatment of Food Waste Utilizing a Smart Food Recycle Bin (S‐FRB)
Authors: Oktiawan Wiharyanto , Hadiwidodo Mochtar , Bagus Priyambada Ika , Purwono Purwono 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFood waste treatment technology should be simple to maintain, quick, economical, environmentally friendly, and socially acceptable. This research aims to accelerate food waste treatment and produce high‐quality fertilizer using a smart food recycling bin (S‐FRB). S‐FRB is a portable household‐appropriate technology, consisting of a semiautomatic chopper, stirrer, and drying unit. In this smart bin, a highest matrix temperature of 57 °C can be achieved. To start compost production, addition of a combination including a bioactivator (16 g) + dolomite lime (1 g) + bulking agent to the food waste in a ratio of 70:30, v/v is needed. During utilization, the water content decreases from 78.94% to 30% in 7 days, and the pH matrix turns from initially 7.5 to 8.0. Compost produced from food waste using the S‐FRB has matured within 7 days and meets quality standards of SNI 19‐7030‐2004. The produced compost has 18.41% C‐organic, 1.23–1.63% total N, smells like soil, and is black. The used combination of bulking agent/bioactivator/lime is effective for processing food waste into compost. The S‐FRB system is a practical way to solve the problem of recycling food waste into compost without having to be taken to a final processing plant.
A design‐oriented approach for managing colored light sources in lighting design software
Authors: Rossi Maurizio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the last decade, the extensive introduction of LED lighting sources has brought elements of innovation to interior lighting design in terms of color. Besides the new tunable white LED source, lighting is no longer exclusively white; indeed, colored lighting has entered the design practice thanks to the positive effects on people's health and mood. Unfortunately, this element of lighting innovation, color, cannot be computed correctly in commercial lighting design software. These computations are based on the assumption that light is only white or defined in terms of RGB triplets in the relative digital color space of computer graphics, which does not have a physically correct relationship with the actual spectral power distribution (SPD) of luminaires. In this paper, attention is focused on a practical design‐oriented approach for describing luminaires in lighting design software that also considers the real SPD and the luminous intensity distribution. The focus is on information available to lighting designers who do not have a laboratory to measure light sources and luminaires. This information could be available in online datasheets or as a Cartesian graph from luminaires and light sources manufacturers. Following this approach, a set of functions is proposed that can be easily implemented in lighting design software to improve light sources' color management and allow lighting designers to add SPD data to luminaires.
Towards a sustainability management tool for food manufacturing small and medium‐sized enterprises—Insights from a Delphi study
Authors: Küchler Rebekka , Nicolai Birte Maja , Herzig Christian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSmall and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) are crucial for a sustainable development of the food sector. Common tools to manage and improve business sustainability are not applied widely amongst food manufacturing SMEs yet. Therefore, this paper derives important aspects to consider for an SME‐suitable tool, based on an extract from a Delphi study. By conducting qualitative analysis of expert opinions, light is shed on needed initial requirements of a sustainability management tool for SMEs to use it. Furthermore, important conditions to create credibility are elaborated on, which can increase the application value of a sustainability management tool for SMEs. The different aspects hint at a sustainability management tool integrating not only sustainability assessment but also reporting and certification. With regard to content, the present paper recommends application of sustainability management tools for food manufacturing SMEs that take a holistic view on sustainability, including not solely the environmental but also social, economic and governance dimensions. The aspects explored through the present research lay a foundation for the development of a sustainability management tool for food manufacturing SMEs and can assist practitioners and researchers.
GLP‐1 receptor agonist use during hospitalisation: Better glycaemic control compared to premixed insulin
Authors: Jervis Morgan , Mitchell Antonine Pineau , Islam Nafseen , Mustafa Omar G. , Kelly Philip A. , Whyte Martin B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionGlycaemic control associates with better outcomes for hospitalised patients. Whether GLP‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RA) are suitable and effective drugs for inpatients is unclear.MethodsA retrospective, single centre, observational study using data from the electronic health record. Patients admitted using GLP‐1 RA as outpatients, from 2016 to 2019, were identified. Outcomes were compared to those admitted using twice‐daily (BD) mixed insulin. Capillary glucose, medication use, creatinine, and demographic data were collected. As drugs may be discontinued/not administered in hospital, days when GLP‐1 RA was administered were ‘GLP‐1 RA active’ and, for insulin, ‘insulin active’. The primary comparison was rate of hypoglycaemia (<4 mmol/L) and severe hypoglycaemia (<3 mmol/L). A logistic regression model examined variables for hypoglycaemia.ResultsGLP‐1 RA comprised n = 262 admissions and BD insulin n = 166. The ‘insulin active’ cohort (n = 957 patient days) had higher risk of hypoglycaemia than ‘GLP‐1 RA active’ (n = 806 days); occurring on 14.7% of days; 95% confidence interval [CI] 12.6–17.1 versus 9.9% days; 95% CI 8.0–12.2; p = 0.002, and severe hypoglycaemia 4.0% of days (95% CI 2.8–5.4) versus 2.0% (95% CI 1.1%–3.2%; p = 0.005). Daily glucose (mean ± standard deviation) was 10.8 ± 5.2 mmol/L in insulin active versus 9.6 ± 4.7 mmol/L in GLP‐1 RA active; p < 0.001. Insulin use, age, and acute admissions predicted hypoglycaemia. The odds ratio for hypoglycaemia was 2.15 times greater (95% CI, 1.14–4.08; p = 0.019) with insulin than with GLP‐1 RA.ConclusionsGLP‐1 RA provided better glycaemic control than BD mixed insulin and should be continued during hospitalisation unless there is a clear indication for cessation.
An all‐at‐once algebraic multigrid method for finite element discretizations of Stokes problem
Authors: Bacq Pierre‐Loïc , Gounand Stéphane , Napov Artem , Notay Yvan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe consider numerical solution of finite element discretizations of the Stokes problem. We focus on the transform‐then‐solve approach, which amounts to first apply a specific algebraic transformation to the linear system of equations arising from the discretization, and then solve the transformed system with an algebraic multigrid method. The approach has recently been applied to finite difference discretizations of the Stokes problem with constant viscosity, and has recommended itself as a robust and competitive solution method. In this work, we examine the extension of the approach to standard finite element discretizations of the Stokes problem, including problems with variable viscosity. The extension relies, on one hand, on the use of the successive over‐relaxation method as a multigrid smoother for some finite element schemes. On the other hand, we present strategies that allow us to limit the complexity increase induced by the transformation. Numerical experiments show that for stationary problems our method is competitive compared to a reference solver based on a block diagonal preconditioner and MINRES, and suggest that the transform‐then‐solve approach is also more robust. In particular, for problems with variable viscosity, the transform‐then‐solve approach demonstrates significant speed‐up with respect to the block diagonal preconditioner. The method is also particularly robust for time‐dependent problems whatever the time step size.
Functional brain connectivity during exposure to the scale and color of interior built environments
Authors: Bower Isabella S. , Hill Aron T. , Enticott Peter G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnderstanding brain activity linked to built environment exposure is important, as it may affect underlying cognitive, perceptual, and emotional processes, which have a critical influence in our daily life. As our time spent inside buildings is rising, and mental health problems have become more prevalent, it is important we investigate how design characteristics of the built environment impact brain function. In this study, we utilized electroencephalography to understand whether the design elements of scale and color of interior built environments modulate functional brain connectivity (i.e., brain network communication). Using a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment, while controlling indoor environmental quality responsible for physiological comfort, healthy adult participants aged 18–55 years (66 for scale, subset of 18 for color), were exposed to context‐neutral indoor room scenes presented for two‐minutes each. Our results show that both enlarging and reducing scale enhanced theta connectivity across the left temporoparietal region and right frontal region. We also found when reducing the built environment scale, there was a network exhibiting greater high‐gamma connectivity, over the right frontoparietal region. For color, the condition (blue) contrasted to our achromatic control (white) increased theta connectivity in the frontal hemispheres. These findings identify a link between theta and gamma oscillations during exposure to the scale and color of the built environment, showing that design characteristics of the built environment could affect our cognitive processes and mental health. This suggests that, through the design of buildings, we may be able to mediate performance and health outcomes, which could lead to major health and economic benefits for society.
Multi‐institutional review of sinonasal and skull base chondrosarcoma: 20‐year experience
Authors: Eide Jacob G. , Kshirsagar Rijul S. , Harris Jacob C. , Civantos Alyssa , Brody Robert M. , Lee John Y. K. , Alonso‐Basanta Michelle , Lazor Jillian W. , Nabavizadeh Ali , Wang Beverly Y. , Kuan Edward C. , Palmer James N. , Adappa Nithin D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundChondrosarcomas of the sinonasal cavity and skull base are uncommon malignancies. We sought to provide long‐term outcomes at two tertiary care centers.MethodsPatients with chondrosarcoma treated between 2000 and 2021 were included. The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS).ResultsThirty‐eight patients met inclusion criteria. Fourteen patients had sinonasal (36.8%), 7 petroclival (18.4%), and 17 other primary skull base lesions (44.7%). Twenty‐eight patients (73.7%) underwent radiation with an average dose of 67.3 ± 15.1 Gy. Eighteen patients (47.4%) required revision surgery for recurrence. 1, 5, and 10‐year OS were 97.3%, 93.1%, and 74.7%. DSS at 5‐ and 10‐year survival was 95.7%. Adjuvant radiation was associated with improved OS (HR: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.02–0.75, p = 0.023).ConclusionWe present our experience over the last 20 years treating chondrosarcomas. Favorable survival outcomes can be achieved but recurrence requiring repeat resection is common.