bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after durvalumab treatment for acute myeloid leukemia: A consequence of an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome?
Authors: Vinatier Emeline , Poli Caroline , Giltat Aurélien , Nunes‐Gomes Christopher , Orvain Corentin , Hunault‐Berger Mathilde , Jeannin Pascale , Thépot Sylvain 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a fatal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system resulting from the reactivation of the John Cunningham virus (JCV). PML occurs almost exclusively during profound immune suppression but it can also be observed in immunocompromised subjects as part of an inflammatory immune reconstitution syndrome (IRIS) in patients receiving antiviral therapy. We report a case of PML in a 61‐year‐old patient with acute myeloid leukemia who had developed after discontinuation of durvalumab (anti‐PD‐L1) therapy initiated after multiple treatments. Results suggest that PML may result from two nonexclusive mechanisms: (i) an inhibition of the protective response of JCV‐specific T cells as a consequence of the blockade of the PD1‐PDL1 pathway, associated with a lack of compensatory expression of other inhibitory receptors by T cells and (ii) a neuroinflammatory response (PML‐IRIS) that may have contributed to virus reactivation.
Analysis of transition metal dichalcogenides materials based gas sensor using non‐equilibrium green's function
Authors: Kumar Prateek , Gupta Maneesha , Singh Kunwar , Kumar Naveen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGas sensors play a crucial role in fields extending from environmental to medical sciences. Modern FET‐based gas sensors have their own set of problems, so, in this work, an ultra‐small and highly sensitive TMDC material‐based gas sensor is proposed. Investigated nanowire‐based gas sensor has a radius and length of 4 nm and 20 nm respectively. Catalytic materials Molybdenum and Palladium are used as gate electrodes. MoS2, MoTe2 and WS2 are used as channel materials for the detection of Ammonia and to sense Hydrogen, MoS2 is used. The work function of catalytic materials changes due to the physical adsorption/chemisorption of gases. To include the quantum effects and to enhance the accuracy of results, along with Schrodinger‐Poisson equations, non‐equilibrium Green's function is used as a principle simulation model. Variations in characteristics of the sensor are explained on basis of transmission probability, density of states at source and drain electrode. For the detection of Ammonia, WS2 resulted in the highest ION/IOFF sensitivity of 1523 and MoS2 can detect Hydrogen at ION/IOFF sensitivity of 1137. The device investigated can be used in the future for the detection of the aforementioned gases.
Thermal properties of polymethyl methacrylate vary depending on brand and type
Authors: Stoops Kyle , Brown Jeffrey Mark , Santoni Brandon , Groundland John 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is commonly used in orthopedic surgery and has several applications, most often for fixation of arthroplasty components. While its overall safety and tolerance are well described, less is known regarding the thermal properties of PMMA as it sets from a liquid to solid state, as well as the potential for osseous thermal necrosis. This study addresses potential variations in the setting time and maximum temperature of PMMA formulations in common use and explores the potential clinical implications of this variability. Seven commercially available formulations of PMMA that varied by brand and/or viscosity were obtained and prepared according to manufacturer's instructions. Peak temperature and duration were measured in controlled settings for each type and compared to previously described thresholds for thermal bone necrosis. Depuy SmartSet (HV), Zimmer Palacos R (HV), and Zimmer Palacos (LV) exceeded the 56°C threshold reported to potentially induce immediate osseous thermal necrosis. Additionally, Biomet Cobalt (MV) and Stryker Simplex P (MV) had lower peak temperatures but exceeded thermal necrosis thresholds due to curing duration. The lowest peak temperature was observed for Smith & Nephew Versabond (MV), which was significantly lower than all types except Depuy SmartSet (MV). Setting time was not significantly different among groups. There are significant differences in the thermal properties of PMMA formulations in current use. Selection of specific PMMA formulations represents an additional route of procedural optimization depending on the needs of the treating surgeon.
Combined laryngeal cleft injection laryngoplasty and salivary botulinum toxin for saliva aspiration
Authors: Nguyen Justin , Ongkasuwan Julina , Anand Grace , Lambert Elton M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesChildren with type I laryngeal clefts and sialorrhea can have posterior drooling, aspiration of oral secretions, and respiratory complications. Laryngeal cleft injection laryngoplasty (LCIL) and salivary botulinum injections (Sal‐Bot) have been used separately for short‐term treatment of type I laryngeal clefts and sialorrhea. Our goal was to evaluate combined LCIL and Sal‐Bot and create recommendations for further treatment based on response to initial treatment.MethodsRetrospective chart review of nine patients who underwent direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy with combined LCIL and Sal‐Bot from 2012 to 2019. Charts were reviewed for patient characteristics, response to treatment, and pre and post‐op hospitalizations. Subsequent procedures were performed depending on efficacy of initial treatments.ResultsNine patients were identified. All had pre‐existing neurologic conditions, gastrostomy tubes, and a history of coughing and choking on secretions. Only one patient was able to feed orally (purees). 1 U/kg of botulinum toxin per gland was injected into each parotid and submandibular gland. The average units of botulinum toxin injected was 67 U. The mean laryngeal cleft injection volume was 0.35 cc. Subsequent treatment was based on timing of symptomatic improvement and individual patient factors. Five patients had respiratory‐related hospitalizations in year preceding the procedures (median 1.5, range 1–10). Three (60%) had a reduction in respiratory‐related hospitalization 1 year post procedure (median 1, range 1–3). One patient died during the follow up period due to continued chronic respiratory failure.ConclusionsThis is the first study of combined laryngeal cleft injection laryngoplasty and botulinum toxin injections for patients with posterior laryngeal penetration and aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions. We highlight strategies for choosing subsequent procedures based on response to initial treatment.Level of Evidence4.
Financial burden in adults with chronic liver disease: A scoping review
Authors: Ufere Nneka N. , Satapathy Nishant , Philpotts Lisa , Lai Jennifer C. , Serper Marina 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The economic burden of chronic liver disease is rising; however, the financial impact of chronic liver disease on patients and families has been underexplored. We performed a scoping review to identify studies examining financial burden (patient/family health care expenditures), financial distress (material, behavioral, and psychological consequences of financial burden), and financial toxicity (adverse health outcomes of financial distress) experienced by patients with chronic liver disease and their families. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science online databases for articles published since the introduction of the Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score for liver transplantation allocation in February 2002 until July 2021. Final searches were conducted between June and July 2021. Studies were included if they examined the prevalence or impact of financial burden or distress among patients with chronic liver disease and/or their caregivers. A total of 19 observational studies met inclusion criteria involving 24,549 patients and 276 caregivers across 5 countries. High rates of financial burden and distress were reported within the study populations, particularly among patients with hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver transplantation recipients. Financial burden and distress were associated with increased pre‐ and posttransplantation health care utilization and poor health‐related quality of life as well as caregiver burden, depression, and anxiety. None of the included studies evaluated interventions to alleviate financial burden and distress. Observational evidence supports the finding that financial burden and distress are underrecognized but highly prevalent among patients with chronic liver disease and their caregivers and are associated with poor health outcomes. There is a critical need for interventions to mitigate financial burden and distress and reduce financial toxicity in chronic liver disease care.
PLGA Cage‐Like Structures Loaded with Sr/Mg‐Doped Hydroxyapatite for Repairing Osteoporotic Bone Defects
Authors: Yu Shangke , Sun Tong , Liu Wei , Yang Lu , Gong Hanwen , Chen Xingyu , Li Jianshu , Weng Jie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPoly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA)‐based porous structures have a widespread application in bone defects. To solve its flaws in the bone application, hydroxyapatite (HA) is often introduced into PLGA‐based systems, and ion doping endows HA with more biological activity. In osteoporotic bone defects, the decreased activity of osteoblasts and the hyperactive osteoclasts results in slow bone repair. Strontium (Sr) can promote bone regeneration and inhibit bone resorption and has been used in the treatment of osteoporosis. Magnesium (Mg) cannot only enhance the regeneration of bone tissue but also vessels. In this study,the aim is to fabricate a multifunctional porous structure that can promote osteogenesis, and angiogenesis and inhibit osteoclasts for repairing osteoporotic bone defects. PLGA cage‐like structures loaded with Sr‐ and Mg‐doped HA (Sr/Mg@HA/PLGA‐CAS) are prepared; they have large pores, suitable hydrophilicity, and can continuously release Mg2+ and Sr2+, which facilitate cell adhesion and growth. The results show that Sr/Mg@HA/PLGA‐CAS can motivate the osteogenic activity of osteoblast precursor cells and angiogenic ability of endothelial cells, and suppress osteoclast differentiation in vitro. This study indicates that Sr/Mg@HA/PLGA‐CAS can assist osteogenesis, and angiogenesis while restraining osteoclast differentiation, which may have a potential application value in osteoporotic bone defects.
Programmed death‐ligand 1 expression on CD22‐specific chimeric antigen receptor‐modified T cells weakens antitumor potential
Authors: Liu Jie , Zhang Fengjuan , Yu Jian , Zhao Qi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe molecules of programmed cell death protein‐1 (PD‐1) and ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) become new therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. Although tumor‐expressed PD‐L1 molecule is frequently dispensable for checkpoint blockade in some cancer patients, recent studies suggest that T cell‐expressed PD‐L1 molecule might play a crucial role in antitumor immunity. Here, to investigate CD22 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapy, we have generated the different CD22 CAR‐T constructs. We noticed that tumor cells induced PD‐L1 expression on the surface of CD22 CAR‐T cells. The induced PD‐L1 might limit immunogenic responses of CAR‐T cells. T cell‐expressed PD‐L1 leads to a suppressive signal by PD‐1/PD‐L1 engagement of CD22 CAR‐T cells. Meanwhile, PD‐L1 suppresses CD22 CAR‐T cell differentiation into memory T cells and negatively affected secretions of several essential cytokines, such as interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α. We further observed that anti‐PD‐L1 monoclonal antibodies rescued cytokine secretion of CD22 CAR‐T cells rather than anti‐PD‐1 monoclonal antibodies. Our current studies provide a potential mechanism to understand the functions and roles of T cell‐expressed PD‐L1 in tumor microenvironment. These results will encourage the physicians to re‐recognize the important roles of PD‐L1 in cancer immunotherapy studies and provide the helpful guidance for clinical operation of PD‐L1 inhibition drugs.
Analysis of tumor in the breast using UWB textile antenna
Authors: Bhavani S. , Shanmuganantham Thangavelu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCancer is the most frequent and deadly disease, with an increasing number of cancer patients and deaths. Breast cancer is becoming the most common type of cancer among women. This paper describes an octagonal‐shaped ultrawide band patch antenna with a denim substrate having a dielectric constant of 1.7. Various positions of the tumor inside the breast phantom are analyzed by the designed antenna using computer simulation technology (CST) Microwave Studio. Multiple tumors are traced by specific absorption rate analysis. The frequency range covered by the antenna is 2.4–10.1 GHz.
Compact Ku‐band CMOS ×3 frequency multiplier with improved harmonic suppression
Authors: Lim Jeong‐Taek , Choi Han‐Woong , Song Jae‐Hyeok , Park Changkun , Kim Choul‐Young 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study presents a Ku‐band ×3 frequency multiplier implemented using the 65 nm CMOS process. A frequency tripler core consisting of a single‐ended structure is employed to achieve a small size. A high‐pass filter and a notch filter are used in the output matching network to overcome the low harmonic suppression of the single‐ended structure. Furthermore, an input variable gain amplifier, a frequency tripler core, and an output variable gain amplifier are used in the ×3 frequency multiplier structure to achieve high conversion gain and harmonic suppression. The size of the ×3 frequency multiplier is 0.8 × 0.9 mm2. Measurement results show that the conversion gain for the 15.99–17.52 GHz range is 1.53–24.81 dB at input power values of –20, –25, and –30 dBm, and the harmonic suppression is greater than 24.29–34.71 dBc. In the operating frequency band, the input and output return losses are greater than 10 dB, and the power consumption is 15–18 mW.
Technical note: Low‐cost MR‐compatible pneumatic respiratory organ motion simulator for the development of MR‐guided thermal therapy
Authors: Kim Kisoo , Jones Peter , Diederich Chris , Ozhinsky Eugene 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn magnetic resonance (MR)‐guided thermal therapy, respiratory motion can cause a significant temperature error in MR thermometry and reduce the efficiency of the treatment. A respiratory motion simulator is necessary for the development of new MR imaging (MRI) and motion compensation techniques.PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop a low‐cost and simple MR‐compatible respiratory motion simulator to support proof‐of‐concept studies of MR monitoring approaches with respiratory‐induced abdominal organ motion.MethodsThe phantom motion system integrates pneumatic control via an actuator subsystem located outside the MRI and coupled via plastic tubing to a compressible bag for distention and retraction within the MRI safe motion subsystem and phantom positioned within the MRI scanner. Performance of the respiratory motion simulator was evaluated with a real‐time gradient echo MRI pulse sequence.ResultsThe motion simulator can produce respiratory rates in the range of 8–16 breaths/min. Our experiments showed the consistent periodic motion of the phantom during MRI acquisition in the range of 3.7–9 mm with 16 breaths/min. The operation of the simulator did not cause interference with MRI acquisition.ConclusionsIn this study, we have demonstrated the ability of the motion simulator to generate controlled respiratory motion of a phantom. The low‐cost MR‐compatible respiratory motion simulator can be easily constructed from off‐the‐shelf and 3D‐printed parts based on open‐source 3D models and instructions. This could lower the barriers to the development of new MRI techniques with motion compensation.
An enhancedJ‐integral for hydraulic fracture mechanics
Authors: Pezzulli Edoardo , Nejati Morteza , Salimzadeh Saeed , Matthäi Stephan K. , Driesner Thomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article revisits the formulation of theJ‐integral in the context of hydraulic fracture mechanics. We demonstrate that the use of the classicalJ‐integral in finite element models overestimates the length of hydraulic fractures in the viscosity‐dominated regime of propagation. A finite element analysis shows that the inaccurate numerical solution for fluid pressure is responsible for the loss in accuracy of theJ‐integral. With this understanding, two novel contributions are presented. The first contribution consists of two variations of theJ‐integral, termed the and ‐integral, that demonstrate an enhanced ability to predict viscosity‐dominated propagation. In particular, such ‐integrals accurately extract stress intensity factors in both viscosity and toughness‐dominated regimes of propagation. The second contribution consists of a methodology to extract the propagation velocity from the energy release rate applicable throughout the toughness‐viscous propagation regimes. Both techniques are combined to form an implicit front‐tracking ‐algorithm capable of quickly converging on the location of the fracture front independently to the toughness‐viscous regime of propagation. The ‐algorithm represents an energy‐based alternative to the aperture‐based methods frequently used with the Implicit Level Set Algorithm to simulate hydraulic fracturing. Simulations conducted at various resolutions of the fracture suggest that the new approach is suitable for hydro‐mechanical finite element simulations at the reservoir scale.
An implicit integration algorithm based on invariants for isotropic elasto‐plastic models of the Cosserat continuum
Authors: Panteghini Andrea , Lagioia Rocco 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA Finite Element (FE) procedure based on a fully implicit backward Euler predictor/corrector scheme for the Cosserat continuum is here presented. The integration algorithm is suitable for yield and plastic potential surfaces with general shape in the deviatoric plane. The key element of the integration scheme is the spectral decomposition of the stress tensor, which is achieved, despite the lack of symmetry, because of the mathematical structure of the yield function and the set of invariants chosen as independent variables. It is also shown that the choice of invariants enables considerable mathematical simplifications, which result in the reduction of the system of equations and unknowns of the elasto‐plastic problem from 19 to 1, and to rigorously handle the discontinuity at the apex of the surfaces. The algorithm has been implemented in a proprietary FE programme, and used for the constitutive model recently proposed by the same authors in this journal for the Cosserat continuum, which allows to set various classical failure criteria as yield and plastic potential surfaces. Numerical analyses have been conducted to simulate a biaxial compression test and a shallow strip footing resting on a Tresca, Mohr–Coulomb, Matsuoka–Nakai and Lade–Duncan soil. The benefits of the Cosserat continuum over the Cauchy/Maxwell medium are discussed considering mesh refinement, non‐associated flow and softening behaviour.
Supplementing a widely available weight loss program with gamified inhibitory control training: A randomized pilot study
Authors: Cáceres Nenette A. , Yu Qihan , Lauzon Marie , Diniz Marcio A. , Tuckerman Rebecca , Carrillo Audrey , Philipp Mark , Foster Gary D. , Seitz Aaron R. , Salvy Sarah‐Jeanne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing evidence suggests that targeting self‐regulatory processes may improve obesity treatment outcomes. Incorporating gamification principles in inhibitory control training may promote sustained training adherence and resulting benefits. This pilot study evaluated the preliminary efficacy of supplementing an evidence‐based weight management program (WW) with sustained gamified inhibitory control training (PolyRules!) on change in Body Mass Index (BMI) among adults with overweight/obesity.Methods30 adults with overweight/obesity (M age 49.9 ± 12.4, 86.7% female; 23.3% Hispanic, mean BMI 35.3 ± 6.3) were randomly assigned to receive WW with or without PolyRules! for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was change in BMI from baseline to post‐intervention across study arms. Implementation and process indicators were captured to inform larger trials.ResultsAverage change in BMI was −0.9 in the WW arm and −1.2 in the WW + PolyRules! arm (Cohen's d = 0.26). In the WW + PolyRules! arm, increased training was associated with greater decreases in BMI (r = −0.506, p = 0.0454). WW + PolyRules! participants completed an average of 60.4% sessions and reported positive experiences. There was no difference in frequency of food (d = −0.02) and weight tracking (d = −0.19) between arms.ConclusionsStudies in larger samples should evaluate training‐related effects on weight. Supplementing WW with gamified inhibitory training appears feasible, with no detrimental effect on engagement.
Recent Advances in Pathology: the 2022 Annual Review Issue of The Journal of Pathology
Authors: Herrington C Simon , Poulsom Richard , Pillay Nischalan , Bankhead Peter , Coates Philip J 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe 2022 Annual Review Issue of The Journal of Pathology, Recent Advances in Pathology, contains 15 invited reviews on research areas of growing importance in pathology. This year, the articles include those that focus on digital pathology, employing modern imaging techniques and software to enable improved diagnostic and research applications to study human diseases. This subject area includes the ability to identify specific genetic alterations through the morphological changes they induce, as well as integrating digital and computational pathology with ‘omics technologies. Other reviews in this issue include an updated evaluation of mutational patterns (mutation signatures) in cancer, the applications of lineage tracing in human tissues, and single cell sequencing technologies to uncover tumour evolution and tumour heterogeneity. The tissue microenvironment is covered in reviews specifically dealing with proteolytic control of epidermal differentiation, cancer‐associated fibroblasts, field cancerisation, and host factors that determine tumour immunity. All of the reviews contained in this issue are the work of invited experts selected to discuss the considerable recent progress in their respective fields and are freely available online (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10969896). © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.