bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of Dynamic Changes and Clonal Evolution in Circulating Tumor DNA From Patients With IDH-Mutated Cholangiocarcinoma Treated With Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors
Authors: Lapin Morten , Huang Helen J. , Chagani Sharmeen , Javle Milind , Shroff Rachna T. , Pant Shubham , Gouda Mohamed A. , Raina Anjali , Madwani Kiran , Holley Veronica R. , Call S. Greg , Dustin Derek J. , Lanman Richard B. , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Raymond Victoria M. , Kwong Lawrence N. , Janku Filip 
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE IDH mutations occur in about 30% of patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Analysis of mutations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can be performed by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). The analysis of ctDNA is a feasible approach to detect IDH mutations. METHODS We isolated ctDNA from the blood of patients with IDH-mutated advanced cholangiocarcinoma collected at baseline, on therapy, and at progression to isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) inhibitors. RESULTS Of 31 patients with IDH1R132 (n = 26) or IDH2R172 mutations (n = 5) in the tumor, IDH mutations were detected in 84% of ctDNA samples analyzed by ddPCR and in 83% of ctDNA samples analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Patients with a low variant allele frequency of ctDNA detected by NGS at baseline had a longer median time to treatment failure compared to patients with high variant allele frequency of ctDNA (3.6 v 1.5 months; P = .008). Patients with a decrease in IDH-mutated ctDNA on therapy by ddPCR compared with no change/increase had a trend to a longer median survival ( P = .07). Most frequent emergent alterations in ctDNA by NGS at progression were ARID1A (n = 3) and TP53 mutations (n = 3). CONCLUSION Detection of IDH mutations in ctDNA in patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma is feasible, and dynamic changes in ctDNA can correspond with the clinical course and clonal evolution.
Development of Nonaqueous Electrolytes for High-Voltage K-Ion Batteries
Authors: Hosaka Tomooki , Komaba Shinichi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
K-ion batteries (KIBs) are a widely attractive alternative to Li-ion batteries. While avoiding scarce/toxic elements in their construction, the low standard electrode potential of K+/K allows a low cut-off potential of the negative electrode and high operation voltages that are competitive with those observed in LIBs. Because of the wide operating potential range, developing improved non-aqueous electrolytes with higher oxidation stability and the ability to passivate low-potential negative electrodes is one of the major challenges of high-voltage KIB production. This account primarily covers our recent studies on non-aqueous electrolytes design based on potassium salt and solvent properties. We also discuss remaining/emerging challenges and provide our perspective on non-aqueous electrolytes for high-voltage KIBs.
Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in paediatric dentistry
Authors: Campbell Faith , Timms Laura , Deery Chris , Drage Nicholas 
Published: February 2022

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is becoming increasingly available since its introduction in the late 1990s. The technique provides low-dose high-resolution images of the teeth and jaws. This article discusses the clinical applications of CBCT in children. CBCT is most commonly used in children for localization of teeth and the assessment of root resorption. CBCT can offer an advantage over conventional imaging in selected cases. The decision to image using CBCT should be judged for each individual, and should impact on management and outcome. CPD/Clinical Relevance: CBCT affords low-dose, high-resolution imaging that can be used in appropriately selected paediatric cases.
Multilayer protection-at-lightpath for reliable slicing with isolation in optical metro-aggregation networks
Authors: Marotta A. , Cassioli D. , Tornatore M. , Hirota Y. , Awaji Y. , Mukherjee B. 
Published: February 2022

The high reliability required by many future-generation network services can be enforced by proper resource assignments by means of logical partitions, i.e., network slices, applied in optical metro-aggregation networks. Different strategies can be applied to deploy the virtual network functions (VNFs) composing the slices over physical nodes, while providing different levels of resource isolation (among slices) and protection against failures, based on several available techniques. Considering that, in optical metro-aggregation networks, protection can be ensured at different layers, and the slice protection with traffic grooming calls for evolved multilayer protection approaches. In this paper, we investigate the problem of reliable slicing with protection at the lightpath layer for different levels of slice isolation and different VNF deployment strategies. We model the problem through an integer linear program (ILP), and we devise a heuristic for joint optimization of VNF placement and ligthpath selection. The heuristic maps nodes and links over the physical network in a coordinated manner and provides an effective placement of radio access network functions and the routing and wavelength assignment for the optical layer. The effectiveness of the proposed heuristic is validated by comparison with the optimal solution provided by the ILP. Our illustrative numerical results compare the impact of different levels of isolation, showing that higher levels of network and VNF isolation are characterized by higher costs in terms of optical and computation resources.
Tick borne relapsing fever - a systematic review and analysis of the literature
Authors: Jakab Ákos , Kahlig Pascal , Kuenzli Esther , Neumayr Andreas 
Published: February 2022

Tick borne relapsing fever (TBRF) is a zoonosis caused by various Borrelia species transmitted to humans by both soft-bodied and (more recently recognized) hard-bodied ticks. In recent years, molecular diagnostic techniques have allowed to extend our knowledge on the global epidemiological picture of this neglected disease. Nevertheless, due to the patchy occurrence of the disease and the lack of large clinical studies, the knowledge on several clinical aspects of the disease remains limited. In order to shed light on some of these aspects, we have systematically reviewed the literature on TBRF and summarized the existing data on epidemiology and clinical aspects of the disease. Publications were identified by using a predefined search strategy on electronic databases and a subsequent review of the reference lists of the obtained publications. All publications reporting patients with a confirmed diagnosis of TBRF published in English, French, Italian, German, and Hungarian were included. Maps showing the epidemiogeographic mosaic of the different TBRF Borrelia species were compiled and data on clinical aspects of TBRF were analysed.
The epidemiogeographic mosaic of TBRF is complex and still continues to evolve. Ticks harbouring TBRF Borrelia have been reported worldwide, with the exception of Antarctica and Australia. Although only molecular diagnostic methods allow for species identification, microscopy remains the diagnostic gold standard in most clinical settings. The most suggestive symptom in TBRF is the eponymous relapsing fever (present in 100% of the cases). Thrombocytopenia is the most suggestive laboratory finding in TBRF. Neurological complications are frequent in TBRF. Treatment is with beta-lactams, tetracyclines or macrolids. The risk of Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR) appears to be lower in TBRF (19.3%) compared to louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) (55.8%). The overall case fatality rate of TBRF (6.5%) and LBRF (4–10.2%) appears to not differ. Unlike LBRF, where perinatal fatalities are primarily attributable to abortion, TBRF-related perinatal fatalities appear to primarily affect newborns.
Association between indigenous status and Body Mass Index (BMI) in Australian adults: Does sleep duration affect the relationship?
Authors: Deacon-Crouch Melissa , Skinner Isabelle , Tucci Joseph , Begg Steve , Wallace Ruth , Skinner Timothy 
Published: February 2022

Background
Overweight/obesity is a well-defined risk factor for a variety of chronic cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Sleep duration has been associated with overweight/obesity and other cardio metabolic and neurocognitive problems. Notably, overweight/obesity and many of the associated comorbidities are prevalent in Indigenous Australians. Generally, sleep duration has been associated with BMI for Australian adults but information about Australian Indigenous adults’ sleep is scant. A recent report established that sleep is a weak predictor of obesity for Indigenous Australian adults.

Aim
To determine whether sleep remains a predictor of obesity when physical activity, diet and smoking status are accounted for; and to determine whether sleep duration plays a mediating role in the relationship between Indigenous status and BMI.

Methods
Statistical analyses of 5,886 Australian adults: 5236 non-Indigenous and 650 Indigenous people aged over 18 years who participated in the Australian Health Survey 2011–2013. Demographic and lifestyle characteristics were described by χ2 and t-tests. ANOVA was used to determine the variables that significantly predicted BMI and sleep duration. Stepwise regression analyses were performed to determine the strongest significant predictors of BMI. Sleep duration was self-reported; BMI was calculated from measurement.

Results
The study revealed two main findings: (i) short sleep duration was an independent predictor of obesity (adjusted-R2 = 0.056, p <0.0001); and (ii) controlling for sleep duration and other possible confounders, Indigenous status was a significant predictor of BMI overweight/obesity. Sleep duration played a weak, partial mediator role in this relationship. Increased BMI was associated with lower socioeconomic status and level of disadvantage of household locality for non-remote Indigenous and non-Indigenous people.

Conclusion
Indigenous status strongly predicted increased BMI. The effect was not mediated by the socioeconomic indicators but was partially mediated by sleep duration.
Ethics in healthcare: Knowledge, attitude and practices of nurses in the Cape Coast Metropolis of Ghana
Authors: Asare Patience , Ansah Edward W. , Sambah Francis 
Published: February 2022

Background
Nursing is a profession that care for personal and private aspects of people’s lives. Therefore, nurses need to know the basic ethical aspects of nursing which is integral in nursing practices. The purpose of the study was to describe the ethical knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses in the Cape Coast Metropolis of Ghana.

Method
A cross-section design was used to collect data from 264 nurses in three selected healthcare facilities in the Metropolis. A structured questionnaire was administered to all the categories of these nurses in the selected facilities. Frequency counts and multiple regression statistics were used to analyze the data.

Results
The results show 78% of nurses possess good ethical knowledge, 84% had a positive attitude, while 98% had good ethical practices. The results further show that nurses’ professional rank [F (1, 259), 2.35, p = .02] and academic qualification [F (1, 259), 2.67, p = .008] were significant predictors of their ethical knowledge and attitude, respectively.

Conclusion
Inadequate resources, poor set up of working areas and understaffing are the major barriers limiting the practice of good ethical standards among the nurses. The Regional Health Directorate, the Ministry of Health and the Managers in charge of the health facilities need to work together to eliminate these barriers as they have the potential to negatively impact quality healthcare delivery in the Metropolis.
Quality of life of COVID 19 patients after discharge: Systematic review
Authors: Nandasena H. M. R. K. G. , Pathirathna M. L. , Atapattu A. M. M. P. , Prasanga P. T. S. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundUnderstanding the impact of COVID 19 on patients’ quality of life (QOL) following discharge or recovery is essential for planning necessary interventions in advance. As such, this systematic review aimed to provide an overview of the QOL, and the factors associated with it in COVID-19 patients following discharge or recovery.MethodsThe Databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct were searched. The review included studies that (1) assessed the QOL of COVID 19 patients following discharge or recovery, (2) were written in English, (3) used a validated instrument to assess the quality of life and (4) used an observational or cohort study design. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. Following the initial search, 2866 articles were identified as being related. A total of 1089 articles were identified as duplicates. 1694 studies were excluded during the title and abstract screening stage, and 83 studies were screened at the full-text screening stage. Finally, 21 studies were included in this systematic review.ResultsThis systematic review included 4408 patients who tested positive for COVID 19. Of them 50.2% (n = 2212) were males. Regardless of the time since discharge or recovery, COVID 19 patients’ QOL has been significantly impacted. Female sex, older age, co-morbidities, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, prolonged ICU stay, and being mechanically ventilated were the most frequently reported factors associated with the low level of QOL.ConclusionThe QOL of the post COVID19 patients was significantly impacted, regardless of the time elapses since discharge or recovery. Thus, when implementing programs to improve the QOL of post COVID19 patients, the most affected domains of QOL and associated factors should be considered.
Outcomes of amoebic, fungal, and bacterial keratitis: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Moe Caitlin A. , Lalitha Prajna , Prajna N. Venkatesh , Mascarenhas Jeena , Srinivasan Muthiah , Das Manoranhan , Panigrahi Arun , Rajaraman Revathi , Seitzman Gerami D. , Oldenburg Catherine E. , Lietman Thomas M. , Keenan Jeremy D. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Acanthamoeba keratitis is challenging to treat and thought to result in poor outcomes, but very few comparative studies exist to assess whether ulcers caused by Acanthamoeba are worse than those caused by bacteria or fungus.

Methods
In a retrospective cohort study, all cases of smear- or culture-proven Acanthamoeba keratitis diagnosed from January 2006 to June 2011 at an eye hospital in South India were identified from the microbiology database. Random samples of the same number of cases of bacterial and fungal keratitis, matched by year, were identified from the same database in order to compare outcomes between the three types of organism. The main outcomes were the time until the following events: re-epithelialization, discontinuation of antimicrobials, perforation/keratoplasty, elevated intraocular pressure, and new cataract.

Results
The median time until re-epithelialization was 113 days for Acanthamoeba keratitis, 30 days for fungal keratitis, and 25 days for bacterial keratitis, and the median time until discontinuation of antimicrobial therapy was 100 days for Acanthamoeba keratitis, 49 days for fungal keratitis, and 40 days for bacterial keratitis. Compared to the other two organisms, Acanthamoeba ulcers took significantly longer to re-epithelialize (adjusted HR 0.4, 95% CI 0.3 to 0.6 relative to bacterial ulcers and HR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2 to 0.5 relative to fungal ulcers; overall p<0.001) and had significantly longer courses of antimicrobials (adjusted HR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2 to 0.6 relative to bacterial ulcers and HR 0.5, 95%CI 0.3 to 0.8 relative to fungal ulcers; overall p<0.001). No statistically significant difference was observed between the three organisms for the other time-to-event outcomes.

Conclusions
Acanthamoeba keratitis was more difficult to treat and had worse clinical outcomes than bacterial or fungal ulcers, highlighting the lack of adequate treatment regimens for this infection.
Aggregate Costs of a Gender Gap in the Access to Business Resources
Authors: Gonzalez Javier , Parro Francisco 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We quantify the aggregate costs of a discriminatory restriction against women in the access to business resources. To do so, we develop a general equilibrium model with an endogenous size distribution of production units, which are run by either female or male entrepreneurs. In this setting, we introduce a distortion that limits the amount of capital that women can use to run their businesses. We calibrate the model to match data from benchmark economies that exhibit relatively egalitarian labor market results between women and men, except in entrepreneurship. Our counterfactual analyses show that a gender-specific capital constraint causes an output loss between 14% and 28% and a fall in aggregate productivity between 12% and 20%. Furthermore, we show that most of the output loss is accounted for by a fall in total factor productivity. Lastly, we show that the aggregate cost of the distortion is mainly triggered by preventing the most skilled women from running bigger businesses, and not the exit of women from entrepreneurship.
LINC00665 regulates hepatocellular carcinoma by modulating mRNA via the m6A enzyme
Authors: Lei Ming , Du Xinghua , Li Xiaokai , Wang Fuke , Gu Ling , Guo Feng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to reveal the mechanism by which long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) modulate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by regulating mRNA via the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) enzyme. The expression and clinical data of 365 HCC patients and 50 healthy control samples were downloaded from the the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) screened using limma packages from the R. m6A2Target database were used to predict the relationship between m6A enzyme-lncRNA and m6A enzyme-mRNA. The mRNAs in the lncRNA-m6A enzyme-mRNA network were subjected to enrichment analysis. Cox regression analysis was used to screen for RNAs significantly related to HCC prognosis. The expression of differentially expressed RNAs (DERs) was verified using the TCGA dataset and GSE55092. Eighty-five DElncRNAs and 747 DEmRNAs were identified. The mRNAs in the lncRNA-m6A enzyme-mRNA network were primarily involved in mitotic cell division, the p53 signaling pathway, and the cell cycle. Three lncRNAs and 14 mRNAs were significantly associated with HCC prognosis. Furthermore, the expression of 12 DERs differed significantly between patients in the early and advanced stages. LINC00665 was predicted to regulate 11 mRNAs by modulating IGF2BP1, IGF2BP2, and YTHDF1. Thus, this study provides new insights into the roles of lncRNA and m6A enzymes in HCC.
Monocyte distribution width (MDW) as a screening tool for early detecting sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Agnello Luisa , Vidali Matteo , Lo Sasso Bruna , Giglio Rosaria Vincenza , Gambino Caterina Maria , Scazzone Concetta , Ciaccio Anna Maria , Bivona Giulia , Ciaccio Marcello 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Monocyte distribution has recently emerged as a promising biomarker of sepsis, especially in acute setting, such as Emergency Department and Intensive Care Unit. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of monocyte distribution width (MDW) for early detecting patients with sepsis by performing a systemic review and meta-analysis of published studies.

Methods
Relevant publications were identified by a systematic literature search on PubMed and Google Scholar from inception to September 07, 2021. Studies were divided into two groups based on the sepsis criteria applied, namely sepsis-2 or sepsis-3.

Results
Ten studies including 9,475 individuals, of whom 1,370 with sepsis (742 according Sepsis-2 and 628 according to Sepsis-3), met the inclusion criteria for our meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.789 and 0.777 for Sepsis-2 criteria, 0.838 and 0.704 for Sepsis-3 criteria.

Conclusions
MDW represents a reliable biomarker for sepsis screening.
Isomorphisms among quantum Grothendieck rings and propagation of positivity
Authors: Fujita Ryo , Hernandez David , Oh Se-jin , Oya Hironori 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Let (

𝔤
,
𝗀
)

{\mathfrak{g},\mathsf{g})}

be a pair of complex finite-dimensional simple Lie algebras whose
Dynkin diagrams are related by (un)folding, with

𝗀

{\mathsf{g}}

being of simply-laced type.
We construct a collection of ring isomorphisms
between the quantum Grothendieck rings
of monoidal categories

𝒞
𝔤

{\mathscr{C}_{\mathfrak{g}}}

and

𝒞
𝗀

{\mathscr{C}_{\mathsf{g}}}

of
finite-dimensional representations over the quantum loop algebras of

𝔤

{\mathfrak{g}}

and

𝗀

{\mathsf{g}}

, respectively.
As a consequence, we solve long-standing problems: the positivity of the analogs of Kazhdan–Lusztig polynomials
and the positivity of the structure constants of the quantum Grothendieck rings for any non-simply-laced

𝔤

{\mathfrak{g}}

. In addition, comparing our isomorphisms with the categorical relations
arising from the generalized quantum affine Schur–Weyl dualities, we prove the analog of Kazhdan–Lusztig conjecture
(formulated in [D. Hernandez, Algebraic approach to

q
,
t

q,t

-characters,
Adv. Math. 187 2004, 1, 1–52])
for simple modules in remarkable monoidal subcategories of

𝒞
𝔤

{\mathscr{C}_{\mathfrak{g}}}

for any non-simply-laced

𝔤

{\mathfrak{g}}

, and for
any simple finite-dimensional modules in

𝒞
𝔤

{\mathscr{C}_{\mathfrak{g}}}

for

𝔤

{\mathfrak{g}}

of type

B
n

{\mathrm{B}_{n}}

.
In the course of the proof we obtain and combine several new ingredients. In particular, we establish a quantum analog of T-systems,
and also we generalize the isomorphisms of [D. Hernandez and B. Leclerc,
Quantum Grothendieck rings and derived Hall algebras,
J. reine angew. Math. 701 2015, 77–126, D. Hernandez and H. Oya,
Quantum Grothendieck ring isomorphisms, cluster algebras and Kazhdan–Lusztig algorithm,
Adv. Math. 347 2019, 192–272] to all

𝔤

{\mathfrak{g}}

in a unified way, that is, isomorphisms between subalgebras of the quantum group of

𝗀

{\mathsf{g}}

and subalgebras of the quantum Grothendieck ring of

𝒞
𝔤

{\mathscr{C}_{\mathfrak{g}}}

.
Crossing in linguistic communication
Authors: Lu Deping 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Although “crossing” as a new concept comes from Rampton’s seminal work, this article argues that crossing defines linguistic communication in a perspective of process, act, and especially change. As a controlling principle for linguistic communication, it might be in a different way complementary to Husserl’s shared sense, Habermas’s reaching understanding, and Searle’s shared intentionality. Crossing denotes changes in phase, sphere, and universe, characterizing the process of communication and having a meaningful value for continuing interpersonal relationship and reinforcing communicative competence. Crossing is also constitutive of communicative order both in monolingual contexts and in superdiversity multilingual settings. Against the backdrop of globalization, a new communicative order is being shaped in the reality of mobility and diversity. This new order of linguistic communication is characterized by dramatic code-switching, rhetorical mirror effect, and focus on linguistic medium. The mobility of human resources requires crossing to take creative strategies to achieve what monolingual crossing could not.