bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial and economic modeling of the operation of a primary oil refinery unit of an oil refinery
Authors: Лейберт Т.Б. , Халикова Э.А. , Волкова В.Н. 
Published: February 2022

Авторами статьи разработана авторская финансово-экономическая модель функционирования установки атмосферно-вакуумной трубчатки годовой производительной мощности 2 млн. тонн. Финансово-экономическая модель включает калькуляционный расчет себестоимости продуктов первичной переработки нефти методом предельной полезности и основные финансовые формы отчетности – бюджет доходов и расходов и бюджет движения денежных средств от выпуска нефтепродуктов, на базе которых производится оценка приведенного денежного потока компании. Также разработана финансово-экономическая модель функционирования установки с применением Excel, учитывающая влияние технологических особенностей процесса получения продуктов первичной переработки нефти, а также макроэкономических параметров и налогового окружения на моделирование финансово-экономических индикаторов эффективности производства.
The article examines the features of the influence of intellectual potential on the innovative development of resource regions. It is determined that the intellectual potential is the basis of innovation and is a combination of intellectual resources and achieved intellectual results, including innovations.The approaches to assessing the intellectual potential at the regional level are considered. The structure of the intellectual potential of the region, obtained by transforming the resource intellectual potential into intellectual products of regional organizations, and the results of the activities of the leadership of the region are presented.The innovative development of the region is directly dependent on the level of its intellectual potential and the possibilities of its subsequent use. The article provides an overview of scientific works devoted to the analysis and assessment of the innovative potential of the regions.The article analyzes the rating of innovative development of the Republic of Bashkortostan for 2010-2020, based on the system of quantitative and qualitative indicators for the blocks "Socio-economic conditions of innovative activity" of the regions, "Scientific and technical potential", "Innovation activity", "Export activity and "The quality of innovation policy."
ON THE SELECTION OF PRIORITY PROJECTS AS PART OF STATE PROGRAMS
Authors: Брагинский О.Б. 
Published: February 2022

Предложен подход к использованию экономико-математи­ческого моделирования и компьютерного экспериментирования для обоснования долгосрочных инвестиционных программ развития крупных промышленных отраслей в условиях ограниченных финансовых ресурсов. Подход дополнен методом экспертных оценок для выбора первоочередных (приоритетных) проектов.
An approach to the use of economic and mathematical modeling and computer experimentation to justify long-term investment programs for the development of large industrial sectors in conditions of limited financial resources is proposed. The approach is supplemented by the method of expert assessments for the selection of priority projects.
Effect of Magnetic Field Dissipation on Primordial Li Abundance
Authors: Lu Yini , Kusakabe Motohiko 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The dissipation effects of primordial magnetic fields on the primordial elemental abundances were investigated. When a magnetic field reconnects, its energy is converted to the kinetic energy of charged particles, as observed for solar energetic particles arriving on Earth. This accelerates the cosmic background nuclei and energetic nuclei induce nonthermal reactions. A constraint on the dissipation is derived from a theoretical calculation of the nonthermal reactions during Big Bang nucleosynthesis. We found that observations of the Li and D abundances can be explained if 0.01%–0.1% of the cosmic energy density was utilized for nuclear acceleration after the electron–positron annihilation epoch. Reconnections of such amplitudes of magnetic fields generate outgoing jets, the bulk velocity of which evolves to values appropriate for cosmic-ray (CR) nuclear energies of 0.1–1 MeV necessary for successful CR nucleosynthesis. Therefore, acceleration of cosmic background nuclei during the dissipation of primordial magnetic fields is a possible generation mechanism of soft CRs that has been suggested as a solution to the cosmic Li problem. Among the solutions suggested without exotic physics, only the dissipating magnetic field model suggested here explains observations of both low Li and high D abundances. Our results demonstrate that signatures of strong magnetic fields in the early universe have been observed in primordial elemental abundances.
Multiband Electrostatic Waves below and above the Electron Cyclotron Frequency in the Near-Sun Solar Wind
Authors: Shi Chen , Zhao Jinsong , Malaspina David M. , Bale Stuart D. , Dong Xiangcheng , Wang Tieyan , Wu Dejin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Using the Parker Solar Probe measurements, this Letter reports two new types of multiband electrostatic waves in and near the heliospheric current sheet. They are classified into the f < f
ce and f > f
ce multiband electrostatic waves, in which most (or all) of the bands in the former type are lower than f
ce, and all of the bands in the latter type are higher than f
ce, where f and f
ce denotes the wave frequency and the electron cyclotron frequency, respectively. This Letter also exhibits observational evidence of the existence of nonlinear wave–wave interactions of both types of electrostatic waves. In particular, the f > f
ce multiband electrostatic waves are found to be modulated in the presence of low-frequency oblique ion-scale waves. According to the observed frequency distribution, this Letter proposes that the mode nature of the f < f
ce multiband electrostatic waves could be the oblique ion acoustic wave or the lower-hybrid wave, and the f > f
ce multiband electrostatic waves are the electron Bernstein mode wave. These findings provide a challenge to understand the complex electron and ion dynamical processes in and near the heliospheric current sheet.
A Distinct Plasma Microbiome But Not Gut Microbiome in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Compared to Healthy Individuals
Authors: James Warren A. , Ogunrinde Elizabeth , Wan Zhuang , Kamen Diane L. , Oates Jim , Gilkeson Gary S. , Jiang Wei 
Published: February 2022

Objective.Blood microbiome has been analyzed in cancer patients using machine learning. We aimed to study whether the plasma microbiome represents the microbial community in the gut among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and healthy controls (HCs).Methods.Paired plasma and stool samples from female patients with SLE and female HCs were assessed for microbiome composition by microbial 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing.Results.Decreased microbial alpha diversity in stool compared to plasma and distinct plasma and gut beta diversity were found in both HCs and patients with SLE. No difference in gut microbial diversity was found; however, plasma alpha diversity was decreased in patients with SLE compared to HCs. The predominant bacteria differed between plasma and stool in both groups. Although the predominant plasma and stool genus bacteria were similar in patients with SLE and HCs, some were clearly different.Conclusion.Compared to the gut, the plasma microbiome contained distinct community and greater heterogeneity, indicating that the predominant circulating microbiome may originate from sites (eg, oral or skin) other than the gastrointestinal tract. The decreased plasma but not gut alpha diversity in patients with SLE compared to HCs implies an altered plasma microbiome in SLE, which may be important for systemic immune perturbations and SLE disease pathogenesis.
Perifollicular Hypopigmentation in Systemic Sclerosis: Associations With Clinical Features and Internal Organ Involvement
Authors: Chung Melody P. , Mecoli Christopher A. , Perin Jamie , Richardson Carrie , McMahan Zsuzsanna H. 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo determine whether perifollicular hypopigmentation in systemic sclerosis (SSc) is associated with demographics, distinct clinical features, and autoantibody profiles.MethodsPatients with SSc were prospectively enrolled, with a standardized data form used to collect anatomic distribution of perifollicular hypopigmentation. Associations between hypopigmentation and features of SSc were assessed.ResultsOf 179 adult patients with SSc, 36 (20%) patients had perifollicular hypopigmentation. Of these 36 patients, 94% (n = 34) were female and 33% (n = 12) had limited cutaneous SSc. In univariable logistic regression, Black race (odds ratio [OR] 15.63, 95% CI 6.6–37.20,P< 0.001), diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc; OR 4.62, 95% CI 2.11–10.09,P< 0.001), higher maximum modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS; OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02–1.08,P= 0.003), myopathy (OR 3.92, 95% CI 1.80–8.57,P< 0.001), pulmonary fibrosis (OR 2.69, 95% CI 1.20-6.02,P= 0.02), lower minimum forced vital capacity % predicted (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94–0.99,P= 0.001), and lower minimum diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide % predicted (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–0.99,P= 0.009) were associated with hypopigmentation. Anticentromere antibodies inversely associated with hypopigmentation (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.07–0.86,P= 0.03). After adjusting for age, race, and disease duration, dcSSc (OR 4.28, 95% CI 1.46-12.53,P= 0.008) and increased mRSS (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02–1.12,P= 0.009) were significantly associated with hypopigmentation.ConclusionPerifollicular hypopigmentation is observed in a subset of patients with SSc and associated with diffuse subtype. Larger prospective studies determining whether perifollicular hypopigmentation precedes end-organ involvement and whether specific patterns associate with internal organ involvement are needed.
Neonatal Sepsis – Microbiological Spectrum, Antimicrobial Sensitivity, and Risk Factors for Mortality in Newborn Unit of Rural Teaching Hospital
Authors: Poyekar Subhash Shankar 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Neonatal sepsis (NS) is one of the leading cause of neonatal mortality. In order to decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with neonatal sepsis, treating pediatrician/neonatologist should have a keen knowledge of the existing microbiological flora and their drug-susceptibility pattern. Hence, the present study was conducted with the objective to investigate the etiological agents, pattern of antimicribial sensitivity, and risk factors for mortality in neonates with culture-proven neonatal sepsis.

Methods:
A retrospective/cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 24 months in teaching Rural Hospital, Maharashtra, India. Demographic data, type of isolates, and its sensitivity pattern were recorded.

Results:
Of the 343 blood samples sent during the study period from neonatal intensive care unit, 84 (24.5%) samples grew organisms. Early-onset sepsis (EOS) occurred in 58.1% of cases. Of the 74 bacterial isolates, 55.4% were Gram-positive organisms and 44.6% were Gram-negative pathogen. Candida species were identified in 11.9% neonates. Staphylococcus aureus (21.6%) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CONS) (21.6%) were predominant Gram-positive pathogen. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the main Gram-negative pathogen (29.7%) followed by pseudomonas (6.76%). Gram-positive organisms (Staphylococcus and CONS) showed maximum sensitivity to vancomycin and linezolid. Survival rate among neonates with culture-positive sepsis was 78.6%.

Conclusions:
This study highlights growing resistance to commonly used antibiotics/antifungal agents posing a great threat to neonatal survival and thereby warrants the modification of existing empirical therapy. Implementation of effective preventive strategies to combat the emergence of antibiotic resistance is urgently needed.
Effect of home-based structured functional training on functional capacity and quality of life in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Patil Ekta N. , Jiandani Mariya Prakash , Nabar Ashish 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:
Heart failure (HF) is associated with increased hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an important approach to improve quality of life (QOL); however, postdischarge enrolment becomes difficult for supervised exercise programs because of related barriers of travel resulting in poor long-term adherence and participation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of home-based structured functional training program on the functional capacity and QOL in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction.

METHODOLOGY:
A prospective blinded randomized clinical trial enrolling 27 patients with HF planned for discharge from hospital. They were randomly allocated using lottery table to either control group (usual care) or interventional group (home-based structured functional training). Both groups received patient education on self-care for HF and Phase I CR as standard of care. Functional capacity using six-minute walk distance (6MWD) and QOL using WHOQOL BREF were evaluated post 6 weeks of intervention.

RESULTS:
Functional capacity improved by 25.91 ± 12.04 m in control and 70.79 ± 17.69 m in interventional group, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in 6MWD between the groups following 6 weeks of HBsFT. The pre-post comparison of QOL in both the groups was found to be statistically significant for physical health (P < 0.05) and psychological health domain (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Home-based structured functional training program (HBsFT) improves functional capacity and QOL in HF patients with reduced ejection fraction.
Gender differences in pain perception during experimentally induced pain
Authors: Joy Anoop , Rashid Muhammed , Baby Ludhiya , Mathew Jerin 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:There are multiple biopsychosocial mechanisms which influence the pain responses between genders. Even though there are enough literature that describe the perception of pain, no consensus has made which gender is more sensitive or tolerance to pain. The study evaluates the difference in pain threshold (PThr), pain tolerance (PTol), and intensity of pain between individuals of both genders and to find which gender is more sensitive to pain.METHODOLOGY:The study was conducted on 106 participants (53 males and 53 females) with age 18–25 years. The participants had undergone cold-induced test (CIT) and tourniquet pressure test (TPT). The PThr, PTol, and pain intensity were recorded and the data were analyzed by Mann–Whitney test.RESULTS:The results also found a significant difference in PThr between both genders (P= 0.001). However, males have taken longer time to perceive PThr in both TPT and CIT as compared to females. In the case of PTol, females had a less tolerable level of both TP and CIT as compared to males.CONCLUSION:The differences in the pain perception between genders can vary greatly because of different factors, thus we can say that males have higher PThr and PTol than females.
Sagittal plane gait analysis in children with cerebral palsy spastic diplegia with crouch gait
Authors: Saravanakumar Sneha , Kumaravelan Anitha , Ravindran R. 
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to understand the pathomechanics of crouch gait by analyzing sagittal plane kinematics and kinetics of gait in children with spastic diplegia.

RELEVANCE:
This study would be instrumental in planning treatment strategy considering kinematics and kinetics.

PARTICIPANTS:
Twenty-six children with cerebral palsy spastic diplegia (Gross motor function classification system [GMFCS] level 2) with crouch had undergone gait analysis during the period January 2015–December 2016, of which 14 children were included in the study after excluding 12 children due to noncompliance of inclusion/exclusion criteria and missing technical data. The mean age of the population was 12.29 ± 1.94 years.

METHODOLOGY:
This study being a retrospective study, waiver of consent was obtained from the ethics committee. Sagittal plane kinematic and kinetic data of bilateral hip, knee, and ankle were extracted from the gait laboratory. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for cadence, stance, and swing period percentage of the gait cycle of each limb. Graphical representation of mean was done to describe the phases of the gait cycle. A normative gait cycle graph was used as a reference, and deviations were analyzed.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:
Ankle, knee, and hip remained in excessive flexion throughout the gait cycle. Excursion at all joints was reduced, especially at the knee joint throughout the gait cycle. Extension moment and abnormal power generation and absorption were observed at all joints throughout the stance phase to prevent collapse and sustain erect posture. Hence, the functional objectives of limb stability in the sagittal plane were fulfilled. This further helped in accomplishing the task of weight acceptance and single stance in the stance phase. In the swing phase, all joints were in excessive flexion, however, the task of limb advancement was accomplished
Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf Extracts and Fractions of Ficus vogelii and Ficus mucuso on Urinary Tract Isolates
Authors: Cokera M.E. , Adeniyi-Aogo T.E. 
Published: February 2022

Background: The increase in the worldwide prevalence and resistance of organisms causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) to the conventional antibiotics used in treatment has led to sub-therapeutic outcome, hence, the need to discover novel antibiotics from natural products. Ficus mucuso Welw. and Ficus vogelii Miq. have been used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of diseases of microbial origin.
Objective: To investigate the antimicrobial activity of Ficus vogelii and Ficus mucuso leaf extracts and fractions against UTI clinical isolates.
Materials and Method: The pulverized leaves of plants were screened for secondary metabolites. Crude extracts were obtained by maceration with methanol and partitioned into methanol, ethyl acetate and n- Hexane. Antibiogram profile of clinical isolates; Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella Typhi , Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Providencia stuartii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus was determined using disc diffusion method. Antimicrobial activities of the leaf extracts and fractions of both plants were screened by agar-well diffusion. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined by micro-dilution broth assay.
Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of terpenoids, steroids, anthraquinones, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponin. The antibiogram profile showed that 87.5% of the isolates were multidrug resistant. Extracts and fractions showed appreciable inhibitory zones on most of the test organisms. MIC ranged from 6.25 -25 mg/mL while MBC ranged from 50 - >100 mg/mL with ethyl acetate fraction of Ficus mucuso having the highest bactericidal activity against the isolates.
Conclusions: Extracts of Ficus mucuso and Ficus vogelii possess antimicrobial constituents which could be useful in the treatment of UTIs.
Glyphaea brevis (Spreng) Monachino (Tiliaceae) leaf fractions protect against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsion in mice
Authors: Njoku Ugochi O. , Ogugofor Martins O. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To investigate the anticonvulsant effect of Glyphaea brevis leaf fractions using a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure model in mice.
Methods: Glyphaea brevis leaf methanol extract was partitioned using n-hexane and hydro-methanol (8:2). Seizure was assessed in terms of onset of myoclonic and tonic-clonic seizure, duration of seizure and frequency of seizure. The concentrations of glutathione of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in the brain of the mice were also determined.
Results: The administration of the different fractions of Glyphaea brevis leaf prior to induction of seizure with PTZ prolonged the latency of convulsion in mice as well as a significant (p < 0.05) decline in the intensity of convulsion was observed. In relation to the untreated mice, there was a rise in the levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the brain, but a decrease in malondialdehyde levels.
Conclusion: The study results show that the fractions of Glyphaea brevis leaf have anticonvulsive properties, proving that the plant’s use in folklore medicine for treating convulsion.
Identification of the anti-COVID-19 mechanism of action of Han-Shi Blocking Lung using network pharmacology-integrated molecular docking
Authors: Yuan Chong , Wang Fei , Chen Peng-Yu , Hong Zong-Chao , Yang Yan-Fang , Wu He-Zhen 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To investigate the bio-active components and the potential mechanism of the prescription remedy, Han-Shi blocking lung, with network pharmacology with a view to expanding its application.
Methods: Chemical components were first collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). Pharmmapper database and GeneCards were used to predict the targets related to active components and COVID-19. Using DAVIDE and KOBAS 3.0 databases, Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were enriched. A “components-targets-pathways” (C-T-P) network was conducted by Cytoscape 3.7.1 software. With the aid of Discovery Studio 2016 software, bio-active components were selected to dock with SARS-COV-2 3CL and ACE2.
Results: From the prescription, 47 bio-active components, 83 targets and 103 signaling pathways were obtained in total (p < 0.05). 126 GO entries (p < 0.05) were screened by GO enrichment analysis. Molecular docking results showed that procyanidin B1 eriodictyol, (4E, 6E)-1, 7-bis(4- hydroxyphenyl)hepta-4, 6-dien-3-one, and quercetin had higher docking scores with SARS-COV-2 3CL and ACE2.
Conclusion: With network pharmacology and molecular docking, the bio-active components and targets of this prescription, Han-Shi blocking lung, against COVID-19 were identified. Taken together, this study provided a basis for the treatment of COVID-19 and further promotion of this prescription.
Dysfunctional oxidative stress response in first-episode of schizophrenia
Authors: Zhai Xiaohui , Kang Yulin , Yuan Xiuxia , Wang Yaping , Lu Sifen , Lu Zuhong 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To investigate the probable effect of oxidative stress on cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
Methods: A total of 149 first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients and 65 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Psychiatric symptoms were evaluated using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, while cognitive function was assessed using MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery. Oxidative parameters, including glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin (TRX), nitric oxide (NO), homocysteine (Hcy) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)]; hypersensitive C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP, an inflammation marker); lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and CD4+T cell sub-sets (Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells) were measured in all subjects, while PANSS was evaluated in FES patients only.
Results: Levels of the oxidants, NO, Hcy and inflammatory parameters (Hs-CRP, LPS, Th1, Th2 and Th17) were higher in FES patients than in controls (p < 0.05). In contrast, levels of antioxidants (GSH and SOD) in FES patents were lower than those in controls (p < 0.05). Moreover, TRX was higher in schizophrenia patients than in controls (p < 0.05). The changes in levels of these biomarker indicated oxidative stress responses. There were statistically significant differences in hemogram and T cell subtype between FES and control (p < 0.05). Results from fMRI analysis revealed schizophrenia- induced lesions in the encephalic region associated with cognition function.
Conclusion: Oxidative stress (OS) induces immune response which eventually leads to impairment of cognition.