bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstructing the 3D genome organization of Neanderthals reveals that chromatin folding shaped phenotypic and sequence divergence
Authors: McArthur Evonne , Rinker David C. , Gilbertson Erin N. , Fudenberg Geoff , Pittman Maureen , Keough Kathleen , Pollard Katherine S. , Capra John A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChanges in gene regulation were a major driver of the divergence of archaic hominins (AHs)—Neanderthals and Denisovans—and modern humans (MHs). The three-dimensional (3D) folding of the genome is critical for regulating gene expression; however, its role in recent human evolution has not been explored because the degradation of ancient samples does not permit experimental determination of AH 3D genome folding. To fill this gap, we apply novel deep learning methods for inferring 3D genome organization from DNA sequence to Neanderthal, Denisovan, and diverse MH genomes. Using the resulting 3D contact maps across the genome, we identify 167 distinct regions with diverged 3D genome organization between AHs and MHs. We show that these 3D-diverged loci are enriched for genes related to the function and morphology of the eye, supra-orbital ridges, hair, lungs, immune response, and cognition. Despite these specific diverged loci, the 3D genome of AHs and MHs is more similar than expected based on sequence divergence, suggesting that the pressure to maintain 3D genome organization constrained hominin sequence evolution. We also find that 3D genome organization constrained the landscape of AH ancestry in MHs today: regions more tolerant of 3D variation are enriched for introgression in modern Eurasians. Finally, we identify loci where modern Eurasians have inherited novel 3D genome folding from AH ancestors, which provides a putative molecular mechanism for phenotypes associated with these introgressed haplotypes. In summary, our application of deep learning to predict archaic 3D genome organization illustrates the potential of inferring molecular phenotypes from ancient DNA to reveal previously unobservable biological differences.1HighlightsThe 3D genome organization of archaic hominins can be inferred from sequence to facilitate comparisons to modern humans.Loci with 3D genome folding divergence between humans and Neanderthals highlight functional differences in the eye, supra-orbital ridges, hair, lungs, immune response, and cognition.3D genome organization constrained recent human evolution.Tolerance to variation in 3D genome organization shaped the landscape of Neanderthal ancestry in modern humans.Neanderthal introgression contributed novel 3D genome folding patterns to Eurasians.
A quantification mechanism for assessing adherence to information security governance guidelines
Authors: Bongiovanni Ivano , Renaud Karen , Brydon Humphrey , Blignaut Renette , Cavallo Angelo 
Published: February 2022

PurposeBoards of Directors and other organisational leaders make decisions about the information security governance systems to implement in their companies. The increasing number of cyber-breaches targeting businesses makes this activity inescapable. Recently, researchers have published comprehensive lists of recommended cyber measures, specifically to inform organisational boards. However, the young cybersecurity industry has still to confirm and refine these guidelines. As a starting point, it would be helpful for organisational leaders to know what other organisations are doing in terms of using these guidelines. In an ideal world, bespoke surveys would be developed to gauge adherence to guidelines, but this is not always feasible. What we often do have is data from existing cybersecurity surveys. The authors argue that such data could be repurposed to quantify adherence to existing information security guidelines, and this paper aims to propose, and test, an original methodology to do so.Design/methodology/approachThe authors propose a quantification mechanism to measure the degree of adherence to a set of published information security governance recommendations and guidelines targeted at organisational leaders. The authors test their quantification mechanism using a data set collected in a survey of 156 Italian companies on information security and privacy.FindingsThe evaluation of the proposed mechanism appears to align with findings in the literature, indicating the validity of the present approach. An analysis of how different industries rank in terms of their adherence to the selected set of recommendations and guidelines confirms the usability of our repurposed data set to measure adherence.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, a quantification mechanism as the one proposed in this study has never been proposed, and tested, in the literature. It suggests a way to repurpose survey data to determine the extent to which companies are implementing measures recommended by published cybersecurity guidelines. This way, the proposed mechanism responds to increasing calls for the adoption of research practices that minimise waste of resources and enhance research sustainability.
Addressing modern slavery in supply chains: an awareness-motivation-capability perspective
Authors: Geng Ruoqi , Lam Hugo K.S. , Stevenson Mark 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThere is still significant variation in firms' efforts to address modern slavery issues in supply chains despite the importance of this grand challenge. This research adopts the awareness-motivation-capability (AMC) framework to investigate AMC-related factors that help to explain this variation.Design/methodology/approachThe authors hypothesize how AMC-related factors, including media coverage of modern slavery issues, slavery risks in supply chains and corporate sustainability performance, are related to firms' efforts to address modern slavery in supply chains. The proposed hypotheses are tested based on 201 UK firms' modern slavery statements and additional secondary data collected from Factiva, Factset Revere, The Global Slavery Index, Worldscope and Sustainalytics.FindingsConsistent with the AMC perspective, the test results show that firms put more effort into addressing supply chain modern slavery issues when there is greater media coverage of these issues, when firms source from countries with higher slavery risks, and when firms have better corporate sustainability performance. Additional analysis further suggests that firms' financial performance is not related to their efforts to address modern slavery issues.Originality/valueThis is the first study adopting the AMC framework to investigate firms' efforts to address modern slavery in supply chains. This investigation provides important implications for researchers studying firm behaviors related to modern slavery issues and for policymakers designing policies that enable firms to address these issues, in view of their awareness, motivation and capability.
The impact of family business professionalization on financial performance: a multidimensional approach
Authors: Polat Gülçin , Benligiray Serap 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThis study aims to broaden the multidimensional conceptualization of family business professionalization, and to investigate how professionalization influences the financial performance of family firms, in the context of private family firms.Design/methodology/approachTaking a quantitative research approach, the study empirically examines the effect of professionalization on family firm performance, using a sample of 111 privately held Turkish family firms. The hypotheses were tested using regression analysis and the independent samplest-test.FindingsThe results indicate that the professionalization of family businesses has a positive effect on their financial performance, and the professionalization of employees is the prominent dimension of professionalization in this effect.Research limitations/implicationsThis study advances the understanding of how professionalization influences family firm performance by providing additional empirical evidence regarding the positive influence of multifaceted family business professionalization on financial performance.Practical implicationsThe professionalization framework depicted in this study helps owners, managers, or consultants of family businesses assess the professionalization level of their firm and understand the performance effects of each of the family business professionalization dimensions on financial performance. It can also serve as a roadmap for family firms to professionalize and achieve better performance.Originality/valueUnlike previous studies, this study incorporates employees, organizational culture and work environment, often neglected in the family business literature, into the multidimensional family business professionalization construct, thus extending previous research. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between family businesses professionalization and firm performance.
The interplay of authentic leadership and social capital on team leader performance in public and private sector universities
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad Waheed , Aslam Muhammad Kashif , Huo Chunhui , Akbar Minhas , Afzal Muhammad Usman , Rafiq Muhammad Hasan 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the impact of authentic leaders on the performance of educational leaders in public and private universities in Pakistan. The study further examines the moderating role of social capital in this relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected data from 259 academic heads of public and private universities and tested hypotheses using macro PROCESS.FindingsThe findings demonstrate that authentic leaders have a significant positive effect on team leader performance in both public and private universities. In addition, the authors establish that the positive impact of authentic leaders on team leader performance is stronger among employees with high social capital.Originality/valueThe education literature lacks evidence of the process through which authentic leaders influence team leader performance. The study is unprecedented in assessing whether social capital moderates the direct influence of authentic leaders on team leader performance.
Childhood‐onset Takayasu arteritis presenting as pyoderma gangrenosum‐like vasculitic ulceration: Three case reports and a literature review
Authors: Shen Chunping , Zhao Shunying , Wang Bei , Shen Yuelin , Xiao Yuanyuan , Xu Zigang 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTWe report a small case series of childhood‐onset Takayasu arteritis (c‐TA) presenting as pyoderma gangrenosum (PG)‐like vasculitic ulceration. The cutaneous vasculitic ulcers in systemic vasculitis are rare and severe, sometimes leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. We summarised the clinical features and highlighted the warning signs of c‐TA associated with PG‐like vasculitic ulceration.
Promising resilience: Systems and survival after forestry's ends
Authors: Özden‐Schilling Tom 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEcologists, social scientists, and policymakers alike define “resilience” as the properties that allow complex systems to function in the wake of sudden shocks. While proponents treat these properties as empirical qualities that can be engineered into existence, critics have largely treated government‐organized attempts to do so as consistent with the dismantling of the welfare state. This article offers an ethnographic account of a conservation policy initiative in northwest British Columbia designed to generate consensus‐based quantitative indicators on salmon health. I examine how workshop organizers, emboldened by provocative metaphors of survival and systematicity, mobilize resilience discourse as a platform for social analysis, and urge other researchers to envision how their own work might allow them to transcend institutional attachments altogether. Resilience‐based initiatives have wrought profound changes in experts’ everyday lives, in part by encouraging precariously employed researchers to reimagine their relationships to shrinking government institutions. In addition to naming an emergent political logic for legitimating downsizing and other organizational responses to disasters, I argue that resilience discourse provides the experts entrusted with designing these responses with new grammars for imagining the future viability of their own expertise.
Impact of third‐generation left ventricular assist devices on quality of life: Scoping review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Monteagudo‐Vela María , Krasopoulos George , Athanasiou Thanos , Tsui Steven , Kourliouros Antonios 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesDevelopment in device technology and the scarcity of donor’s hearts have increased the number of patients with advanced heart failure receiving durable left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) as a bridge to transplantation and destination therapy, with improved prognosis compared with guideline‐directed medical therapy. We sought to examine the impact of modern durable LVADs on the quality of life (QoL) of the recipients.MethodsWe carried out a systematic review of articles on QoL following the implantation of third‐generation LVADs published between January 2010 and February 2021. Included studies were critically analyzed and evidence synthesis was carried out into a meta‐analysis.ResultsThe systematic search yielded 269 articles, 11 of which met the search predefined criteria. Three of them reported results of randomized trials and eight were retrospective and registry studies. Statistically significant QoL improvement from baseline was observed in all published reports. When using the EuroQol 5L questionnaire (scale 0–100) as a QoL tool 6 months post‐LVAD implantation, a meta‐analysis of four included studies demonstrated a mean difference increase of 28.9 points (95% confidence interval: 26.71–31.14).ConclusionsThird‐generation LVADs confer a significant improvement in QoL and their use can be supported not only for prognosis but also for symptom control. Although methodological limitations should be considered, the available QoL outcomes can be a useful tool in patient selection and the decision‐making process.
Children who stroke on VAD support: When is it safe to transplant and what are their outcomes?
Authors: Thangappan Karthik , Haney Li Cai , Riggs Kyle , Chen Sharon , Mehegan Mary , VanderPluym Christina , Woods Ronald , LaPar Damien , Lorts Angela , Zafar Farhan , Morales David L. S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveVentricular assist devices (VADs) increase waitlist survival, yet the risk of stroke remains notable. The purpose of this study was to analyze how strokes on VAD support impact post‐transplant (post‐Tx) outcomes in children.MethodsAbout 520 pediatric (<18 years) heart transplant candidates listed from January 2011 to April 2018 with a VAD implant date were matched between the United Network of Organ Sharing and Pediatric Health Information System databases. Patients were divided into pre‐Tx Stroke and No Stroke cohorts.ResultsAbout 81% of the 520 patients were transplanted; 28% (n = 146) had a pre‐Tx Stroke; and 59% (n = 89) of the Stroke patients were transplanted at a median of 57 (IQR 17–102) days from stroke. Significantly more No Stroke cohort (90%) were transplanted (p < 0.001). There was no difference in post‐Tx survival between the Stroke and No Stroke cohorts (p = 0.440). Time between stroke and transplant for patients who died within 1 year of transplant was 32.0 days (median) compared to 60.5 days for those alive >1 year (p = 0.18). Regarding patients in whom time from stroke to transplant was more than 60 days, one‐year survival of Stroke vs. No Stroke patients was 96% vs. 95% (p = 0.811), respectively.ConclusionPatients with stroke during VAD support, once transplanted, enjoy similar survival compared to No Stroke patients. We hypothesize that allowing Stroke patients more time to recover could improve post‐Tx outcomes. Unfortunately, the ideal duration of time between stroke and safe transplantation could not be determined and will require more detailed and larger studies in the future.
Measuring real consumption and consumer price index bias under lockdown conditions
Authors: Diewert W. Erwin , Fox Kevin J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMillions of goods and services are now unavailable in many countries due to the current coronavirus pandemic, dramatically impacting on the construction of key economic statistics used for informing policy. This situation is unprecedented; hence, methods to address it have not previously been developed. Current advice to national statistical offices from the International Monetary Fund, Eurostat and the United Nations is shown to result in downward bias in the consumer price index (CPI) and upward bias in real consumption. We conclude that, to produce a meaningful CPI within the lockdown period, it is necessary to establish a continuous consumer expenditure survey.
Comparative study on detectability of learning and memory disorder between two water maze tests commonly used in juvenile rat toxicity studies using isoflurane inhaled rat model
Authors: Mineshima Hiroshi , Kimoto Hiroki , Hitomi Masaya , Akizawa Fumika , Terayama Yui , Yoshikawa Tsuyoshi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEvaluation of learning and memory is crucial in juvenile animal toxicity studies (JAS) during the development of CNS active drugs, but there are no currently recommended test methods. We compared the ability of the Morris water maze (MWM) and the Biel water maze (BWM) to detect learning and memory disorder (LMD) using rats inhaled isoflurane (IFN). Rats were treated with 1% IFN using inhalation on postnatal day (PND) 7 for 6 h. All rats were subjected to the MWM on PND 33 and the BWM on PND 55/57 (Experiment 1), or the BWM on PND 32/33 and the MWM on PND 54/55 (Experiment 2). On PND 70, the brain was weighed and then neurohistopathology was conducted. There were no IFN‐related changes in clinical signs and body weight. In the tests beginning on PND 32/33, the MWM clearly detected IFN‐related LMD in both sexes whereas the BWM detected LMD only in males. With an additional benefit of a simpler procedure, the MWM was considered superior to the BMW for JAS. LMD was not detected in both mazes tested from PND 54/55/57, which was considered due to weak effect and/or recovery of brain function with growth. Single IFN inhalation on PND 7 was considered useful as positive control to induce LMD caused by postnatal exposure in rats, but stronger treatment regimens was recommended.
A Survey on Cross‐Virtuality Analytics
Authors: Fröhler B. , Anthes C. , Pointecker F. , Friedl J. , Schwajda D. , Riegler A. , Tripathi S. , Holzmann C. , Brunner M. , Jodlbauer H. , Jetter H.‐C. , Heinzl C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCross‐virtuality analytics (XVA) is a novel field of research within immersive analytics and visual analytics. A broad range of heterogeneous devices across the reality–virtuality continuum, along with respective visual metaphors and analysis techniques, are currently becoming available. The goal of XVA is to enable visual analytics that use transitional and collaborative interfaces to seamlessly integrate different devices and support multiple users. In this work, we take a closer look at XVA and analyse the existing body of work for an overview of its current state. We classify the related literature regarding ways of establishing cross‐virtuality by interconnecting different stages in the reality–virtuality continuum, as well as techniques for transitioning and collaborating between the different stages. We provide insights into visualization and interaction techniques employed in current XVA systems. We report on ways of evaluating such systems, and analyse the domains where such systems are becoming available. Finally, we discuss open challenges in XVA, giving directions for future research.
Ecumenism as Taught and Lived at the Institute for Advanced Ecumenical Studies in Paris
Authors: Naett Vidovic Julija 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article presents the structure and work of ecumenism as it is taught and lived at the Institute for Advanced Ecumenical Studies (Institut Supérieur d'Études Oecuméniques) in Paris. Special attention is given to the presence and active engagement of the Orthodox Church, which is represented by the St Sergius Institute of Orthodox Theology – a pan‐Orthodox institute based in Paris.
Adolescent problematic Internet use and parental involvement: The chain mediating effects of parenting stress and parental expectations across early, middle, and late adolescence
Authors: Liu Sihan , Wang Xinyi , Zou Shengqi , Wu Xinchun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractProblematic Internet use (PIU), a common phenomenon, has negative effects on adolescents, especially during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Adolescents with PIU pose great challenges to parenting. However, little is known about the mediating mechanisms underlying this relationship. The study examines the chain mediating roles of parenting stress and parental expectations between PIU and parental involvement across early, middle, and late adolescence. Families (N = 1206) that included fathers, mothers, and adolescents (48.9% females, Mage = 13.86 ± 2.48) participated in the study. Adolescents provided a rating of PIU, and fathers and mothers reported their own parenting stress, parental expectations, and parental involvement. The results showed that paternal parenting stress and then expectations mediated the association between PIU and paternal involvement, and maternal parenting stress and then expectations mediated the association between PIU and maternal involvement, indicating a spillover effect. By contrast, the crossover effect was established only in that maternal parenting stress was negatively related to paternal expectations in middle adolescents. Moreover, maternal expectations showed the strongest association with maternal involvement in middle adolescents, whereas paternal expectations were most associated with paternal involvement in late adolescents. These findings underline the necessity of understanding parenting by assessing adolescent developmental stages and paternal and maternal parenting separately. Furthermore, the mediators of parenting stress and parental expectations can be the focus on facilitating parental involvement; the effect of maternal parenting stress on paternal expectations may suggest that intervention programs for fathers should consider more contextual factors.
Validation of notch stress estimation schemes for low C–Mn steel
Authors: Jena Shreebanta Kumar , Arora Punit , Gupta Suneel K. , Chattopadhyay Jayanta 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe present study is aimed at validation of notch stress/strain estimation schemes such as classical Neuber, Hoffmann–Seeger, and recently developed Ince–Glinka method for nuclear piping material (low C–Mn steel). The study has considered different constraints, loading conditions, and various hole sizes to accommodate strain gradient variations and equivalent peak strains. The notch stress field evaluated using these schemes is compared with corresponding stress using elastic–plastic finite element (FE) analyses. The comparisons have brought out that the Hoffmann–Seeger scheme results in reasonably accurate assessment of stress localization nearly for all constraint geometries, loadings, and strain gradients. However, the classical Neuber scheme is more suitable for low constraint geometries and intermediate constraint geometries, whereas it results in underestimation of maximum principal stress for high constraint geometries, thereby leading to overprediction of fatigue life. Further, the suitability of energy equivalence equations of Ince–Glinka model for individual stress components has been reviewed.