bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfusion Triggers in Cardiac Surgery Patients – A Retrospective Review
Authors: Sureshkumar I. , Hariharan A. , Hemamalini N. V. , Panicker Vinod Kumar 
Published: February 2022

Aim: To determine the transfusion trigger for cardiac surgery patients and to determine the transfusion pattern in these patients.
Study Design: A retrospective cross sectional observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Department of Transfusion Medicine, SMCH, Chennai, between the periods of 2017-2020.
Methodology: This study was done by reviewing the blood bank records for patients undergoing cardiac surgery from 2017 to 2020. Patients with other comorbid conditions like cirrhosis, malignancy, those who underwent emergency surgeries and death during the surgery were excluded from the study. Patient data like age, diagnosis, number of components transfused, preoperative hemoglobin, and details of surgery done on the respective patients were reviewed from the blood bank records.
Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study. Mean age of the patients was 53.3 ± 13.6 years. In our sample population 73% of patients underwent CABG procedure and they received packed red blood cell transfusions. Among the PRBC transfusions 93% of patients received liberal transfusions and 7% of patients received restrictive transfusions. Majority of patients in our study population about 58% belong to 45-64 years of age group.
Conclusion: We found that most of the transfusions done in cardiac surgery patients were done on liberal transfusion strategy. Thus, we conclude in our study most of the transfusions done on cardiac surgery patients followed liberal transfusion strategy, which would be less harmful to the patients.
Prevalence of Oral Carcinoma among Younger Individuals - A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Kumar N. Bharath , Premavathy Dinesh 
Published: February 2022

Aim: To study the prevalence of oral cancer among younger individuals in India.
Introduction: It helps us to study the prevalence, management, causative agents, signs and symptoms of oral cancer. Oral cancer is defined as an uncontrolled growth of tumour cells in the oral cavity. Cancer can occur in the tongue, lips, hard palate, and soft palate, floor of mouth, cheeks and mucosal layer. There is a wide range of variations in prevalence of oral cancer in different regions from minorities or sub-population.
Materials and Methods: The survey was carried out with Google forms and recorded 104 responses for 10 self prepared questionnaires. Responses collected were analyzed using SPSS software. The analysis shows that there was a significant awareness of oral cancer.
Results: There was a significant level of awareness of oral cancer among younger individuals. The present observation shows statistically significant (0.032) between gender and awareness of prevalence by screening oral mucosa, by using Pearson Chi Square test with confidence level 95% with the value of 0.05.
Conclusion: The important message is that early detection of asymptomatic early stages of cancer translates in general terms to satisfactory clinical outcome and cures in most cases.
To Assess Prevalance of Various Feeding Techniques Used for Children with Cleft Lip/Palate Prevalent in Southern India and to Assess Their Effectiveness in Improving Energy Intake and Growth of Children with Cleft Lip/Palate
Authors: Santhya G. , Mahipathy Surya Rao Venkata , Natarajan Praveen Ganesh , Sundaramurthy Narayanamurthy , Easwar Ananth , Raja Alagar 
Published: February 2022

Aim: To assess various feeding techniques used for children with cleft lip/cleft palate.
Introduction: Cleft lip/palate is a condition wherein there is an opening or slit in the upper lip/palate. Maintaining optimum nutrition in children with cleft lip/palate is a challenge owing to the feeding and swallowing difficulties these children face. This article aims to discuss various feeding techniques used in southern India and to analyse their effectiveness in helping the infant with weight gain and overall development.
Materials and Methods: Cross sectional study done in south India using structured questionnaire. It consisted of 100 children <2 years of age visiting the cleft clinic in Saveetha Medical College and Hospital. Data was analysed statistically and evaluated using chi square test.
Results: This study concluded that paalada (65%) was the most commonly used technique to feed children with cleft lip/palate in southern India. The study also concludes that formula feed was the most widely used feed to effectively increasing weight of the child with cleft lip/palate. Education about feeding practices is vital in helping the mother understand the importance of healthy weight gain, growth and development.
Conclusion: Though the majority of parents visiting a cleft clinic are educated on the do's and don'ts of feeding a child with cleft lip/cleft palate, the data is inconclusive of the exact situation in India, so more research on the subject is needed to improve the feeding experience of children with cleft lip/cleft palate.
Diabetes and its Prevalence in the Indian Population
Authors: Srushti Sawane , Sahastrabudhhe A. , Jha Roshan Kumar 
Published: February 2022

Background: India is one of the world's epicenters of the diabetes pandemic. The increased sensitivity of Indians has resulted in a massive increase in diabetes mellitus prevalence in India. Diabetes mellitus type 2 is significantly more frequent than diabetes mellitus type 1. In India, most of those affected are affluent and educated urbanites rather than uneducated or underprivileged rural dwellers. The change in lifestyle choices, urbanization, and various other factors have led to this.
Conclusion: The mushrooming weight of diabetes is an actual threat in India. The health system has conventionally been designed to cater to acute illness and maternal and child health apprehensions in India. This emphasizes the need for a multi-protracted strategy to minimalize the burden of diabetes and its complications. Main gaps exist in laborers to comprehend the load nationally and globally, specifically in developing nations, due to an absence of accurate data for monitoring and observation.
Survey on Problems Faced by Dental Patients having Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Britina . , Premavathy Dinesh 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The objective of this study is to investigate that patients having diabetes mellitus face more problems in a dental clinic or hospital. Oral care provided by dentists in these patients play an important role.
Materials and Methods: The survey was conducted through an online platform, results were evaluated using SPSS software. Responses of these questionnaires were analysed using SPSS statistics. Crosstabs with Monte Carlo and confidence level 95% was used. Statistical significance was then analysed.
Results: Results and data after analysis showed that many problems are faced by dental patients with diabetes mellitus.
The main reason for this survey is to know whether people are aware about the problems faced by dental patients having diabetes mellitus and to make people aware about that.
Conclusion: The present study thus concluded that patients who are having diabetes mellitus must follow the clinicians suggestions to control the blood sugar level and cooperate with the practitioners for the safest procedures.
Comparison of Conventional and Microwave Bone Decalcification Methods by Using 10% Nitric Acid: A Research Protocol
Authors: Vodithala Sahitya , Tiwade Yugeshwari R. , Vagha Sunita 
Published: February 2022

Background: In bony specimens, elimination of calcium is obtained by a method known as “Decalcification”. It is completed through the means of chemical agents such as acids, chelators etc that combine with ions of calcium. Decalcifying agent is used in regular conventional method where the hard tissue is placed at a room temperature (20-25°C) with modifications of the solution at orderly intervals until the final cutoff point is obtained. Usage of microwave oven for the process of decalcification is a new and fast method in contrast to the routine conventional method of decalcification. In this study, an attempt has been made to regulate and compare the conventional procedure of decalcification with decalcification done by microwave oven of hard tissue specimens by using nitric acid of 10% concentration with regards to decalcification speed, conservation of tissue architecture as well as productiveness of staining.
Objectives: The study will made a comparison of Conventional and Microwave Bone Decalcification Methods by using 10% Nitric Acid.
Methodology: This prospective analytical study, will include decalcification of 30 hard tissue specimens by microwave method and conventional method. The results will be compared in terms of decalcification speed, conservation of tissue architecture and staining productiveness. Necessary tests will be applied to analyze the data.
Expected Results: Significant advantages of microwave method are expected over conventional method of decalcification.
Conclusion: The conclusion will be drawn based on careful analysis of the results.
Delta Fixation for High-Grade Spondylolisthesis: Technique, Indications and an Adult Case Report
Authors: Gupta Sarthak , Khan Sohael M. , Dasari Venkatesh , Jain Shashank , Singh Pradeep K. , Gupta Suvarn 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Spondylisthesis is a condition with 4% prevalence, with high-grade spondylolisthesis (HGS) being 1/5th of total. Majority of HGS cases are reported in children, and uncommonly in adults. High-grade spondylolisthesis is resistant to conservative management and requires surgical fixation. There are multiple options in surgery such as anterior fusion, anterior-posterior fusion, posterolateral bone-only fusion, posterior lumbar interbody fusion, transvertebral pedicle screw fixation, and posterior trans sacral interbody fusion. The main challenge in these surgeries is to achieve adequate decompression, stabilization, and fusion. During these procedures, specially in the reduction of long-standing listhesis, the reduction maneuvers used may lead to neural damage. No reduction needed if sagittal balance balance is present.
Methods: We report a case of a 62 yr old female, presenting with chronic low backache for 18 yrs with radiation to bilateral lower limb. Patient had bilaterally positive SLR and hypoesthesia on the left L5 dermatome, with no motor deficit. Xray and MRI showed grade III spondylolisthesis at L4 over L5 with elongated pars interarticularis. The case was treated by Transdiscal fixation and posterior decompression.
Conclusion: On follow-up, for 6 months the patient is asymptomatic with no pain on SLR though paresthesia persisted. The Delta fixation with transdiscal pedicle screws is a good option for adult long-standing high-grade spondylolisthesis with good sagittal balance.
Prevalence and Antibiogram of Multidrug Resistant Klebsiella Species
Authors: Sultana Ulfat , Sultana Tajwar , Zaidi Syeda Amber , Qureshi Faiza , Bocha Yameen , Kazmi Tayyaba 
Published: February 2022

Aim: To find out the prevalence and susceptibility of MDR klebsiella isolates in Karachi.
Study Design: Pre-clinical in-vitro study.
Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at the microbiology lab of the tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan during May to October 2021.
Methodology: About 550 samples of blood, urine and wound swab were inoculated on blood agar and MacConkey agar and incubated at 37° Celsius for 24 hours. The antibiotic susceptibility was identified by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Antibiotic disc of amoxicillin-clavulanate 20 µg, Fosfomycin 200 µg, Ciprofloxacin 5 μg, Moxifloxacin µg, Gentamicin 10 μg and Ceftolozane/tazobactam (30/10 μg) were placed on agar plate and then incubated at 35°C for 16-24 hours. Data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.
Results: Out of total 550 strains of Klebsiella 35% were multidrug resistant while 64% were not. Sensitivity and resistance pattern of multiple antibiotics against Klebsiella showed that majority of antibiotics were resistant to Klebsiella. The highest resistance was noted with amoxicillin that was 90%, followed by amoxiclave, nitrofurantoin, doxycycline, ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin with frequency of 86%, 75%, 64% 56% and 54% respectively. On the other hand, combination of Ceftolozane and tazobactam were highly sensitive against klebsiella followed by fosfomycin, Imipenem and combination of piperacillin and tazobactam with frequency of 95%, 89%, 88% and 68% respectively.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that klebsiella species have developed high resistance against a number of antibiotics resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Currently combination of Ceftolozane and tazobactam is highly sensitive so it should be preserved as a future lifesaving drug. Beside this, fosfomycin, Imipenem and combination of piperacillin and tazobactam also reported high sensitivity.
Pharmacy Health Coaching Intervention Improve Medication Adherence among Drug Addiction Patients at Sambang Lihum Mental Hospital, Indonesia
Authors: Alexxander . , Puspitasari Ika , Kristina Susi Ari , Kristanto Cecep Sugeng , Susanto Yugo 
Published: February 2022

Aims: To prove the effect of pharmacy health coaching (PHC) on medication adherence among drug addicts at the Sambang Lihum Mental Hospital, South Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Study Design: A quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design
Place and Duration of Study: Sambang Lihum Mental Hospital, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Between February to April 2020.
Methodology: The pharmacy health coaching intervention was conducted six weeks using a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. The study was conducted during February – April 2020. The population referred to the drug addiction outpatients using consecutive sampling methods that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected by filling out the Adherence to Refills and Medication Scale (ARMS) questionnaire and filling sheets about patient characteristics data and the drug use history of the patients. Data were then analyzed using SPSS 16.0 with the Wilcoxon mean difference test.
Results: The results showed that the pharmacy health coaching intervention could improve medication adherence of the patients with drug addiction, where the pre-measurement adherence was only 16.00 ± 1.086. At the same time, the post-measurement increased to 18.25 ± 4.109 (P = 1.00). Based on the study results, it can be concluded that the pharmacy health coaching intervention improved patient adherence, but the increase was not statistically significant (P > .05).
Conclusion: The pharmacy health coaching intervention improved patient adherence, but the increase statistically was not significant. A large number of samples was needed.
Effect of Physiotherapy on Hand Rehabilitation in Acute Ischemic Stroke Survivor: A Case Report
Authors: Ankar Prajyot , Samal Snehal , Vikrant . , Kovela Rakesh Krishna , Dagal Ragini , Thimoty Rebecca 
Published: February 2022

Background: Ischemic injury to the brain caused by a sudden drop in blood supply causes over 80% of strokes. Large artery blockage occurs in about 25-35 percent of strokes, and patients in this category often have severe neurological impairments. The prognosis is bleak if treatment is not started right away. Imaging of the brain after a stroke is crucial for determining the extent of tissue damage and guiding treatment.
Aim: To determine the effect of early hand rehabilitation post ischemic stroke.
Presentation of Case: A 35-year-old woman with a history of hypertension acquired aphasia, left hemiplegia, and hemisensory loss all at the same time. She was sent to the hospital's emergency room. On CT the blockage of the right middle cerebral artery revealed an acute ischemic stroke. The Motor Assessment Scale is taken in which there is a hand function domain also to assess it.
Discussion: There are many studies on hand rehabilitation, but usually we stated hand rehabilitation late. Our primary focus during rehabilitation is upper limb and lower limb, hand is a little neglected part.
So, in this case study we will be focusing on early had rehabilitation.
Conclusion: The case data confirms a diagnosis and appropriately planned physical rehabilitation care that resulted in a progressive improvement on STREAM Score, Motor Assessment Scale Score, Barthal index score and WHO-QOL score.
Efficacy of Physiotherapy Rehabilitation for Hemiparesis following Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Sharma Vaishnavi , Samal Snehal , Morgade Shwetambari , Kovela Rakesh Krishna , Dagal Ragini , Thimoty Rebecca 
Published: February 2022

Background: In Cerebral Vascular Disease when one or more arteries are thrombosed it results in Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (CVST) and affects in all ages. This condition is very challenging as it is not diagnosed early due to diverse signs and symptoms and involvement of extensive collateral circulation. Superior sagittal sinus is a large sinus which is commonly affected. Usually, patient comes with clinical presentation of headache with papilledema, to focal deficit, seizures and coma.
Aim: To investigate the efficacy of Physiotherapy Rehabilitation for Hemiparesis following Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis.
Presentation of Case: A 18-year-old male patient presented with a history of severe headache, weakness in his right arm and leg, dizziness upon rising from bed, and a unilateral headache. On investigation CT scan and MRI brain was done. The physiotherapy has started from 2 days after admission in AVBRH.
Discussion: In the cases of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis the management of hemiparesis is shown to enhance the ADL and quality of life of patients.
Conclusion: The rehabilitation protocol planned will help in improving the range of motion and ADL of patient when started as early as possible.
A Cross-sectional Study to Investigate the Association of Depression among COPD Patients at a Secondary Care Hospital in Nilgiris
Authors: Gowda M. B. Aishwarya , Deo Shefali , Nair Sayoojya Rajeev , Sagadevan Shonitha , Moudgil Khayati 
Published: February 2022

Aim: Depression is highly affected comorbid condition with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients remaining unrecognized and under-diagnosed. Co-morbid depression affects the prognosis of the disease leading to an increase in the mortality rate.
Objective: The main objective of the study was to assess and evaluate the association of depression among COPD patients by using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D).
Study Design, Place and Duration: A cross-sectional study conducted at Government headquarters hospital, Ooty, consisting of 82 COPD patients, who were assessed for depression.
Results: Among 82 COPD patients, 17% (n=14) of the patients found without depression, 17% (n=14) of the patients suffered from mild depression, followed by 35.3% (n=29) of the patients from moderate depression, 25.6% (n=21) of the patients suffered from severe depression and 4.8% (n=4) patients diagnosed with very severe depression. Thus, the prevalence of depression in our study population was 82.9%. Depression was found to be significantly associated with age (p =0.000), alcoholism (p =0.012) and duration of disease (p= 0.000). A positive correlation was obtained between depression and age, duration of disease.
Conclusion: The study revealed that the severity of depression is strongly associated with age, consumption of alcohol, and duration of COPD.
Psychological Impact of the COVID 19 Pandemic among College Students: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Pradeepkumar Bhupalam , Madhubala E. , Venkat N. Sai , Kumar Y. Kiran , Goruntla Narayana , Haranath C. , Reddy K. Soma Sekhar , Ahad Abdul , Sudheer A. 
Published: February 2022

The novel coronavirus (COVID-2019) has spread very rapidly all over the globe, causing an outbreak of acute infectious pneumonia. This pandemic brought not only the risk of death but also psychological pressure on people and remarkably on college students. To assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 on college students. A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted on college students studying diploma, graduation, and post-graduation irrespective of their gender was included in the study. The data was collected through online mode by providing links to fill google form. The survey tool was disseminated in various messenger groups and social media networks. The survey tool comprises demographics, COVID-19 stressors, generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD 7), and patient health questionnaire (PHQ 9) scale. Chi-square was used to find the association between demographic characters with anxiety and depression. 443 students participated in this web-based survey. Among all participants, 44.25% were normal range, 31.38% are mild anxiety, 18.97% were moderate anxiety, and 5.42% were severe anxiety. Results also indicated that there were 37.25% participants were in normal range, about 27% were mild depression, 22.13% moderate depression, 7.45% moderately severe depression and 6.1% severe depression. All the variables other than gender, place of residence, and steady family income were significantly associated with anxiety, whereas gender and place of residence variables were not significantly associated with depression. To conclude, the mental health of college students was significantly affected by the pandemic. More help and support from society, families and colleges would be supportive to them. It is suggested that the government and colleges should collaborate to resolve this problem by providing high-quality, timely crisis oriented psychological services to college students.
Dispersion characteristics of oral microbial communities in a built environment
Authors: Yanagi U , Kato Shinsuke , Nagano Hideaki , Ito Kazuhide , Yamanaka Toshio , Momoi Yoshihisa , Kobayashi Hikaru , Hayama Hirofumi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAdvances in next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technologies since 2005 have revolutionized biological science. One particular application of NGS technologies is to elucidate microbiomes in built environments. We are currently conducting a series of studies on the elucidation and control of mass infection mechanisms based on dynamic measurement of environment microbiomes. The objective of this study is to clarify the dispersion characteristics of oral bacteria in the built environment. Bacterial communities from occupants’ hands and oral cavities, doorknobs, desk and keyboard surfaces, and air in laboratories were investigated in seven Japanese universities. The median relative abundances of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria were 41%, 31%, 12%, 7%, and 3%, respectively. Moreover, the main genera detected were Streptococcus (27.6%), Haemophilus (7.0%), Staphylococcus (5.6%), Neisseria (5.6%), Corynebacterium (4.7%), Rothia (3.2%), Prevotella (3.0%), Fusobacterium (2.6%), Veillonella (1.7%), Leptotrichia (1.7%), Enhydrobacter (1.7%), Lactobacillus (1.3%), Acinetobacter (1.3%), and Actinomyces (1.1%). The oral bacteria Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Fusobacterium, Haemophilus, Leptotrichia, Neisseria, Prevotella, Rothia, and Streptococcus were observed in indoor air and on surfaces as well as in oral cavities. Furthermore, Prevotella melaninogenica and Rothia mucilaginosa were observed in all samples, including those from hands and oral cavities, doorknobs, desk and PC keyboard surfaces, and air in laboratories, in all seven universities.