bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSXI-16 Effects of Transportation to Tibet on Serum Biochemical Characteristics of Sanhe Heifers
Authors: Xinyu Zhang , Li Shengli 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this experiment was to study the impact of transportation to Tibet on the biochemical characteristics of Sanhe heifers serum. (Method) Among the 60 Sanhe heifers transported to Tibet, 12 animals, 12-14 months of age and similar weights were randomly selected. According to the location of the transportation route, they were divided into three groups: the transportation starting point Inner Mongolia group (Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region), the Qinghai group during transportation (Xining City, Qinghai Province) and the transportation destination Tibet Group (Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region). Blood samples of Sanhe heifers were collected by tail root blood collection method, serum was separated, and serum antioxidant indexes, immunoglobulins, cytokines, serum enzymes, serum hormones and other serum biochemical indexes were detected. The results showed that: 1) Sanhe heifers serum superoxide dismutase in Inner Mongolia and Tibet groups was significantly less than that in Qinghai group (P &lt; 0.05); Catalase in Inner Mongolia and Qinghai groups was significantly less than that in Tibet group (P &lt; 0.05) ); 2) The three groups of Sanhe heifers serum IgA, IgG, IgM, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 concentrations were not significantly different (P &gt; 0.05); 3) The Sanhe heifers serum insulin in Qinghai group and Tibet group was significantly less In the Inner Mongolia group (P &lt; 0.05), the Sanhe heifers serum cortisol in the Tibet group was significantly less than that in the Inner Mongolia group (P &lt; 0.05), and the Sanhe heifers serum thyroid hormone in the Inner Mongolia and Qinghai groups was significantly greater than that in the Tibet group (P &lt; 0.05). In summary, in the process of transportation in this experiment, the significant changes of Sanhe heifers serum antioxidant indexes, enzymes, hormones and other serum biochemical indexes may be the response of the body to the stress state during transportation and arrival.
PSXIV-15 Synergistic Inhibition of Staphylococcal Growth by Select Nitrocompounds and Sodium Chlorate
Authors: Ruiz-Barrera Oscar , Anderson Robin C , Hume Michael E , Nisbet David J , Arzola-Alvarez Claudio , Castillo-Castillo Yamicela , Salinas-Chavira Jaime , Ontiveros-Magadan Marina , Angulo-Montoya Claudio , Felix-Portillo Monserrath , Castillo-Rangel Francisco 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Staphylococci are important mastitic-pathogens of humans and livestock. Chlorate is reported to be a potent inhibitor against staphylococci but adaptation by the microbes can occur. Presently, we cultured multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain ATCC 12600 anaerobically at 39oC in nitrate-supplemented (5 mM) Tryptic Soy broth. The broth was treated without (control) or alone with 5 mM sodium chlorate (ClO3) or 9 mM of either 2-nitro-1-propanol (NPOH), ethyl nitroacetate (ENA) or ethyl 2-nitropropionate (E2NPA) or with combinations of CLO3 and respective nitrocompound. Control and treated cultures were incubated in triplicate and growth was measured via absorbance (600 nm) at during 9 h. An analysis of variance revealed an inhibitory effect of treatments (P &lt; 0.05; SEM = 0.078) on mean specific growth rates of S. aureus, with rates during logarithmic growth being most rapid in controls and cultures treated with ENA or EN2PA (1.45, 1.23 and 1.21 h-1, respectively) and more than 92% slower in NPOH and NPOH+CLO3-treated cultures (0.09 and 0.03 h-1, respectively). Growth rates of cultures treated solely with CLO3 (0.66 h-1) were more than 50% slower than controls and were decreased further in cultures treated with combinations of CLO3 plus E2NPA or ENA (0.39 and 0.45 h-1). After 9 h of growth, maximum optical densities (maxOD) were highest for controls and cultures treated with ENA or EN2PA (0.52, 0.52 and 0.50 maxOD, respectively), intermediate in cultures treated with CLO3 alone (0.21 maxOD) and lower yet in cultures treated with CLO3 plus ENA, E2NPA or NPOH (0.15, 0.11 and 0.02 maxOD, respectively). The maxOD for cultures treated with NPOH alone was 0.02 and did not differ from cultures treated with the combination of CLO3+NPOH. Results demonstrate marked synergistic and prolonging effects of combing ENA and E2NPA with CLO3 but no additional effect of the potent anti-staphylococcal activity of NPOH.
PSXIV-8 Gender Differences and Reference Intervals of Concentrations of Chemical Elements in Hair from the Mane of the Bashkir Horses in the South Ural Biogeochemical Province
Authors: Adamovich Mihajlo , Mironova Irina , Galiyeva Zulfiya , Khabibullin Ruzel , Chernyshenko Yulia , Gubaidullin Nail , Vasilyeva Irina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The main purpose of the study was to establish gender differences and reference intervals for the concentration of chemical elements in hair from the mane of horses bred in a biogeochemical province, the South Urals of Russia. The studies were carried out on physiologically healthy stallions and mares of the Bashkir breed (n=120; age 3-7 years). Hair samples were taken from the manes of horses. The elemental composition of samples was estimated from 13 chemical elements (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, I, Mn, Pb, Se, Sr, Zn, Si) by ICP AES and ICP MS. Reference intervals for the content of chemical elements in animal hair were calculated in accordance with the recommendations of Poulsen et al. (1997; 2.5-97.5 percentile). It was found that the concentrations of Al, Co, Fe and Pb in the hair of stallions significantly (Р≤0.05) exceeded those of mares. The content of Zn, on the contrary, was greater in stallions than in mares. Due to the fact that the elemental composition of the hair of stallions and mares was significantly different, the reference intervals were calculated for each gender group separately. For mares, these values were (mg/kg): Al (41.14-186); CD (0.0049-0.0189); Co (0.039-0.138); Cr (0.389-1.97); Cu (4.66-6.61); Fe(70.99-263); I (0.161-0.333); Mn (2.7-7.66); Pb (0.078-0.265); Se (0.129-0.292); Si (7.88-16.93); Sr (1.53-4.5); Zn(118-156); for stallions: Al (121-226); CD (0.0053-0.0125); Co (0.073-0.187); Cr (0.362-0.887); Cu (5.18-7.01); Fe (210-338); I (0.128-0.502); Mn (2.43-9.15); Pb (0.234-0.928); Se (0.168-0.356); Si (5.25-13.13); Sr (2.44-3.8); Zn (147-193). It is proposed to use the obtained values as physiological standards for assessing the elemental status of the Bashkir horses bred in the South Ural biogeochemical province.
PSXIV-9 Identification of Differential Methylation Regions as Candidate Discriminant Markers of Bovine Subclinical Mastitis Caused by Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Wang Mengqi , Laterrière Mario , Dudemaine Pier-Luc , Bissonnette Nathalie , Gagné David , Roy Jean-Philippe , Peters Sunday O , Sirard Marc-André A , Ibeagha-Awemu Eveline M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most prevalent pathogens of bovine subclinical mastitis and a challenging pathogen in dairy production. DNA methylation involvement in regulating mammary gland inflammatory defense has been documented. This study adopted whole genome bisulfite sequencing and RNA-sequencing technologies to profile the genome-wide DNA methylation and transcriptome landscapes, respectively, of milk somatic cells (MSCs) from 15 cows with S. aureus-induced subclinical mastitis (SACs) and 13 healthy cows (HCs). Bioinformatics processing of data with standard tools indicated that the global DNA methylation patterns of MSCs demonstrated inverse correlations between gene expression and DNA methylation levels at promoter, first exon and first intron regions, suggesting potential regulatory roles of DNA methylation in transcriptional activities. Totally, 26,289 differential methylation regions (DMRs) were identified between SACs and HCs (1,000 bp window, 1,000 bp step, q-value &lt; 0.05, &gt;20% methylation difference and ≥3 differentially methylated cytosines). A total of 887, 334 and 3,414 DMRs were overlapped with promoter, first exon, and first intron regions, respectively, including 363 DMRs harboring transcription start sites. Among them, the methylation levels of 956 DMRs were strongly correlated with the expression levels of their overlapped genes (|Spearman’s correlation coefficient| &gt;0.5, adjusted-p-value&lt; 0.05). Functional annotation of the overlapped genes indicated significant (adjusted-p-value &lt; 0.05) enrichment in 18 GO terms and 1 KEGG pathway related to cellular activities, notably in cell migration, epithelial cell differentiation and tight junction, among others (Figure 1). These results suggest the involvement of DNA methylation in mammary gland defense against S. aureus-invasion. Applying DIABLO method to integrate correlated DMRs and genes, a total of 20 DMR and 10 gene candidate markers were found to discriminate SACs from HCs. The identified candidate markers could serve as reference for enhancing breeding for mastitis resistance and for developing new mastitis management strategies.
PSXIV-13 Reference Intervals for the Concentrations of Main Essential and Toxic Elements in the Hair from the Mane of the Yakut Horses Bred in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Tepavcevich Jela , Machakhtyrov Grigory , Machakhtyrova Varvara , Shadrina Yana , Sleptsova Vasilena 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Imbalances of trace elements pose a serious threat to health and productive qualities of farm animals and poultry. In this regard, the next stage in the development of the science of feeding will be the control and optimization of the intake of mineral substances, including the determination of the elemental composition in biosubstrates. One of these biosubstrates can be hair. An analysis of literature data showed that the amount of available information on the content of trace elements in horsehair is limited, it makes it difficult to interpret laboratory data. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to establish reference intervals for the concentrations of main chemical elements in the hair of horses of the Yakut breed bred in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Hair samples were taken from the area of the mane from the first cervical vertebra in physiologically healthy mares of the Yakut breed (n=120; age 3-5 years) bred in livestock enterprises of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) of Russia. The elemental composition of the samples was estimated according to 25 chemical elements (Al, As, B, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, I, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Se, Si, Sn, Hg, Sr, V, Zn) by ICP AES and ICP MS. Reference intervals of chemical elements in animal hair were calculated using the recommendations of the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology Quality Assurance and Laboratory Standard Guidelines (Poulsen et al., 1997; 2.5-97.5 percentile). As a result of the research, the following values of the limits of the intervals (mg/kg) were established: Al(10.59-29.01); As(0.018-0.041); B(0.198-1.09); Ca(702-1117); CD(0.004-0.052); Co(0.011-0.042); Cr(0.253-0.504); Cu(5.03-7.99); Fe(26.12-47.43); Hg(0.002-0.011); I(0.083-0.166); K(211-1009); Li(0.019-0.092); Mg(196-400); Mn(0.825-3.81); Na(75.95-495.0); Ni(0.127-0.407); P(345-454); Pb(0.089-0.305); Se(0.013-0.185); Si(22.58-44.55); Sn(0.123-0.444); Sr(2.69-4.02); V(0.019-0.095); Zn(99-162). The reference intervals obtained in our study can be used to assess the elemental status of mares bred in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
PSXIV-14 Selenium and Copper Deficiency Associated Decline in Reproductive Performance in Summer Bred, Rotationally Grazed, Forage fed Beef Cattle
Authors: Rawson Jaedyn K , Baptiste Quinn , Harned Robert , Knights Marlon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This case study reports on selenium and copper deficiency associated decline in reproductive performance in summer bred, rotationally grazed, forage fed beef cattle at the Berea College Educational Farm over a 6-year period (2016 to 2021). The Angus-Hereford crossbred breeding herd (N=45/year) received a significantly lower selenium and copper free fed mineral supplement between 2014 and early 2021 compared with what was provided beginning in mid-2021, in response to veterinary diagnosed selenium and copper deficiency. Supplement was also provided intramuscularly January 20, 2022. Cattle liver biopsies (n=5) and postmortem necropsies (n=3) were performed to determine a mineral panel. Annually, ultrasound guided pregnancy diagnosis and BCS were conducted each fall after a 60-day summer breeding season. Moderate BCS (avg=5.4) were maintained during the first 4 years, including 2021 (5.8) where visibly noticeable weight loss was evident in primiparous heifers during summer. Declining annual pregnancy rates from 2016 (y = -0.0153x + 0.08731) also declined (9.32%) to 73.68% (Fig. 1) in 2021. Manual palpation (n=12) during the Fall 2021 pregnancy examinations and dissection (n=2) of the reproductive tracts of nulliparous heifers 104 days later determined abnormal morphology. In Fig. 2, a cystic corpus hemorrhagicum (1.7 x 1.4 cm) and bilateral oviduct aplasia was discovered in one heifer. In the other heifer, a cystic corpus luteum (0.7 x 0.6 cm), initially detected at the pregnancy examination was discovered (Fig. 3), which resulted in a 53% weight difference between the right and left ovary (6.1, 4.0 g). Mineral panels taken at the end of 2021 confirmed a selenium and copper deficiency with the liver biopsy averaging 2.38 ppm Cu (Table 1). Hence, annual declines in reproductive performance of summer bred, rotationally grazed, forage finished beef cattle at Berea College Educational Farm was associated with selenium and copper deficiency.
PSXIV-10 Influence of Breeds on the Quality of Chilled Goat Semen Collected by Artificial Vagina
Authors: Moawad Adel R , Reese Tiffany , Schauston Miller , Singh Mahipal , Kouakou Brou 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Goats are important livestock for meat and milk production. Artificial insemination (AI) is an important technique used to propagate genetic gain through spreading of selected male traits. Inadequate fertility rates in goats after AI is mainly related to the semen quality, which is influenced, by breeds, cooling, and freezing procedures. Here, we investigated the effect of goat breeds (Saanen versus Alpine) on the quality of chilled goat semen. Semen collected from Saanen and Alpine bucks by artificial vagina (AV) was evaluated for its color, consistency, volume and concentrations. Semen was then diluted and stored at 4 °C for 48 hrs. Sperm motility, viability, abnormalities, and membrane integrity were assessed at 0, 24, and 48 h post-cooling. At least three ejaculates were collected from each breed and data were analyzed by student t-test. Results showed that colors of the samples collected from the two breeds were white to yellow and the consistency ranged from watery to creamy. Average volume of the ejaculates and sperm cell concentration were greater (P≤ 0.05) for Alpine than Saanen bucks. Although, sperm motility, viability, and membrane integrity decreased in a time dependent manner for both breeds during chilling, these variables were greater (P≤ 0.05) for Alpine than Saanen bucks at all-time point. Sperm abnormalities were less( P≤ 0.05) in Alpine than Saanen semen. In conclusion, Alpine semen had better quality than Saanen one after chilling. These results indicate that goat breed affect the viability of chilled semen.
PSI-3 Balance between Productivity and Environmental Impacts of Grazed and hay Fields
Authors: Miquilini Marina , Ribeiro Ricardo , Chiavegato Marilia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Animal production has been associated with environmental impacts, but meat and dairy demand continuously increases. Grazed and hayfields have been responsible for enteric methane emissions, but also identified as great C stocks. Sustainable intensification, or balance between sustainability and productivity, is sought and we need to better understand the trade-offs to design appropriate management strategies. This study evaluated effects of grazed pastures and hayfields on carbon (C) stocks; and on soil GHG emissions (methane, CH4; nitrous oxide, N2O; and carbon dioxide, CO2), and forage dry matter and quality during four sampling periods (spring, early summer, late summer, and fall) of 2021. Forage samples were cut at stubble height, soil GHG emissions were monitored using static chamber methodology, and soil samples were collected from 0-100 cm. During the growing season, hayfields presented higher forage quality and lower forage production than grazed pastures. In addition, grazed pastures presented higher soil C stocks than hayfields. Hayfields presented lower CO2 emissions from soil in comparison to grazed pastures, suggesting slower decomposition of organic matter, which could be associated to lower C stocks. On the other hand, hayfields presented lower GHG emissions in comparison to grazed pastures, when considering CH4 and N2O emissions. Overall, a clear trade-off between the two types of fields is observed. Grazed pastures seem to be adding more C stocks over time, but also emitting more GHG emissions. Forage quality was also reduced. Hayfields had lower GHG emissions, but also lower C stocks. Forage quality was greater. In terms of long-term ecosystems' resilience and climate change mitigation, C addition from grazed pastures is more beneficial. In an eventual C market development, where C credits could be used or sold, grazing systems would be in advantage, again due to greater C stocks even if emitting slightly higher GHG emissions.
PSI-13 Effect of Targeted Metaphylaxis Using Blood Leukocyte Status on Health, Performance, and Economic Outcomes of Auction-Derived Feedlot Heifers
Authors: Johnson Chris , Bate Norah , Sweiger Shaun , Richeson John T 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The study objective was to evaluate health, performance, and antimicrobial costs of heifers where targeted metaphylaxis was guided by a commercial blood leukocyte analyzer compared to a traditional metaphylaxis regimen. Using a randomized complete block design, heifers (n=1,271; initial body weight (BW) = 233.3±1.08 kg) were randomly allocated to treatment pens (n=20; 10 blocks). Treatments were: 1) cattle administered metaphylactic treatment with gamithromycin at arrival (META), and 2) cattle administered metaphylaxis with gamithromycin according to the blood leukocyte analyzer outcome (TARGETED). The blood leukocyte analyzer indicated immune status of individual animals according to the number and proportion of different leukocytes in the blood; red signified “abnormal” and green signified “normal” status. Only cattle with a red outcome were administered antimicrobial in the TARGETED treatment. Of all cattle enrolled in the study, 73% were deemed normal and 27% were deemed abnormal by the chute side blood analyzer. Treatment groups had an equal distribution of normal (META = 73% TARGETED = 74%) and abnormal (META = 28% TARGETED = 26%) cattle enrolled in the study. Cattle were fed a common starter ration for the duration of the 62-d study. Pen riders were blinded to treatment pen status. Data was analyzed using PROC MIXED and GLIMMIX in SAS. Final BW, ADG, and feed conversion were less for TARGETED (P≤0.02). However, the arrival processing antimicrobial cost (META = 11.77 and TARGETED = $3.27/heifer) and total antimicrobial cost (META = 17.77 and TARGETED = $9.12/heifer) was reduced (P&lt; 0.01) for TARGETED. TARGETED had an arrival processing antimicrobial cost savings of $8.50/heifer and an overall drug input cost savings of $8.65/heifer. The BRD morbidity rate for normal status heifers was 18.85% and more than abnormal (26.49%; P&lt; 0.01). Normal status heifers had a mortality rate of 3.17 vs. 5.80% for abnormal (P=0.03). In conclusion, drug costs were reduced but performance of TARGETED was also less.
PSIII-5 Evaluation of Gnrh Administration day in the 7 & 7 Synch Protocol for Fixed-Timed Artificial Insemination in Multiparous Beef Cows
Authors: Weber W E , Powell J G , Littlejohn B P P , Krumpelman B W , Moss N T , Gadberry M S , Looney C R R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The objective was to determine the effects of a decreased interval of progesterone on the ovulatory follicle prior to fixed-timed artificial insemination (FTAI) in a 7 & 7 Synch estrous synchronization protocol using estrus expression (EE), FTAI pregnancy rates (AIPR) on 37±2d, and overall pregnancy rates (OPR) after a 60d bull exposure 90±2d determined via ultrasound. Using conventional Angus semen, multiparous Angus-cross cows (n=201) from two locations were randomized by age and days post-partum into two treatments. Both treatments used a controlled internal drug releasing device (Eazi-breedTM CIDR; 1.38g progesterone) inserted intravaginally –14d of the protocol simultaneous to administration of prostaglandin F2α (PGF; 500µg cloprostenol sodium; Estrumate®). In the first treatment (7&7), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 86µg gonadorelin; Fertagyl®) was administered on –7d. In the second treatment (8&6), GnRH was administered on –6d. Both treatments were then administered PGF simultaneous to CIDR removal on 0d, 66±2h prior to FTAI and administration of GnRH. EE was determined at the time of artificial insemination using an EstrotectTM patch (Rockway Inc., Spring Valley, WI). EE was signified as a patch with 50% or more of the color rubbed off or missing. Subsequently, a patch with less than 50% of the color rubbed off, was not. AIPR, OPR and EE were analyzed by treatment using the GLIMMIX procedure on SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.). There was a significant effect on EE (P=0.01), a tendency on PR (P=0.08), and no effect on OPR (P=0.53) by treatment. EE, AIPR, and OPR for 7&7 were 95±2.1%, 82±3.7% and 96.7±1.7% and for 8&6 were 86±4.0%, 91±3.1% and 98±1.5%, respectively. In conclusion, the altered timeframe of GnRH administration affected EE and tended to affect PR in multiparous beef cows, suggesting that GnRH administration may improve PR when administered 6d, instead of 7d, prior to CIDR removal.