bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Various Local Anesthetics During Conversion of Epidural Analgesia in Childbirth to Anesthesia During Cesarean Section
Authors: Aleksandrovich Yu. S. , Karabaev D. I. , Ryazanova O. V. , Nezabudkin S. N. , Barakaeva F. R. 
Published: August 2022

The objective: to estimate efficiency of local anesthetics in the conversion of epidural analgesia during physiological childbirth into anesthesia for emergency surgery for delivery.Subjects and Methods: A randomized prospective study was conducted. The patients were divided into three groups depending on the local anesthetic being used. In the first group (n = 49), 2% solution of lidocaine was administered in combination with 0.1 mg of adrenaline, in the second group (n = 48) – 0.5% bupivacaine, in the third group (n = 46) ‒ 0.75% ropivacaine. The study evaluated the onset rate, level, duration of the sensorimotor block, the severity of the pain syndrome, and revealed the frequency of unsuccessful conversion.Results: In the 1st group, the conversion was not success in 16.3% of women, in the 2nd group ‒ in 14.6%, and in the 3rd ‒ 10.9% of cases, due to that general anesthesia was used. When assessing the pain syndrome, the minimum score on the VAS scale 3 hours after surgery was observed with ropivacaine use. The fastest sensory block developed when using 2% lidocaine solution in combination with adrenaline. The motor block preserved for the longest time after administration of bupivacaine, in this regard, patients from the 2nd group began to activate later.Conclusions. The use of 0.5% bupivacaine solution as a local anesthetic during the conversion of epidural analgesia into anesthesia provides a sufficient level of anesthesia that allows surgical intervention. However it is accompanied by a more pronounced motor block, and it has a negative effect on the early activation of maternity patients in the postoperative period. The use of 0.75% solution of ropivacaine hydrochloride provides the most favorable conditions for operative delivery which is confirmed by low estimates of the intensity of pain on the VAS scale, both immediately before surgery and three hours after surgery, the minimum time from the moment of induction to the incision of the skin, ensuring adequate sensory block, the absence of pronounced motor block, and early activation of maternity patients.
Living-Related Liver Retransplantation in a Child: When it Seems Impossible (A Clinical Case)
Authors: Novikov D. I. , Zaitsev A. Yu. , Filin A. V. , Charchyan E. R. , Metelin A. V. 
Published: August 2022

The objective: to show the possibility of anesthesia during liver retransplantation in a child in the absence of adequate vascular access.A clinical case of liver retransplantation in a 10-year-old patient with liver transplant dysfunction and acquired thrombophilia is considered. In 2011, the child underwent Kasai portoenterostomy, and in 2012, living-related transplantation of the left lateral liver bisegment from a related donor was performed due to liver cirrhosis as an outcome of biliary atresia. Also, the child had multiple surgical interventions due to perforations of the small intestine with underlying segmental venous mesenteric thrombosis. In the long term after the transplantation, irreversible transplant dysfunction developed with manifestations and worsening of hepatocellular insufficiency, encephalopathy, as well as recurrent bleeding from varicose veins of the esophagus and cardiac orifice. The clinical situation was complicated by the lack of adequate vascular access due to total thrombosis of the venous system, thrombosis of the superior and inferior vena cava. The only possible option for ensuring adequate venous access was the implantation of a tunneled catheter into the right atrium of the right atrium for prolonged standing in conditions of single-lung ventilation through right-sided thoracotomy.
Identification of PSMB9 and CXCL13 as Immune-related Diagnostic Markers for
Rheumatoid Arthritis by Machine Learning
Authors: Li Zhuo , Chen Yue , Zulipikaer Maimaiti , Xu Chi , Fu Jun , Deng Tao , Hao Li-Bo , Chen Ji-Ying 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes significant
physical and psychological damage. Although researchers have gained a better understanding of the mechanisms
of RA, there are still difficulties in diagnosing and treating RA. We applied a data mining approach based
on machine learning algorithms to explore new RA biomarkers and local immune cell status.

Methods:
We extracted six RA synovial microarray datasets from the GEO database and used bioinformatics to
obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and associated functional enrichment pathways. In addition, we
identified potential RA diagnostic markers by machine learning strategies and validated their diagnostic ability
for early RA and established RA, respectively. Next, CIBERSORT and ssGSEA analyses explored alterations
in synovium-infiltrating immune cell subpopulations and immune cell functions in the RA synovium. Moreover,
we examined the correlation between biomarkers and immune cells to understand their immune-related
molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of RA.

Results:
We obtained 373 DEGs (232 upregulated and 141 downregulated genes) between RA and healthy controls.
Enrichment analysis revealed a robust correlation between RA and immune response. Comprehensive
analysis indicated PSMB9, CXCL13, and LRRC15 were possible potential markers. PSMB9 (AUC: 0.908,
95% CI: 0.853-0.954) and CXCL13 (AUC: 0.890, 95% CI: 0.836-0.937) also showed great diagnostic ability in
validation dataset. Infiltrations of 16 kinds of the immune cell were changed, with macrophages being the
predominant infiltrating cell type. Most proinflammatory pathways in immune cell function were activated in
RA. The correlation analysis found the strongest positive correlation between CXCL13 and plasma cells,
PSMB9, and macrophage M1.

Conclusions:
There is a robust correlation between RA and local immune response. The immune-related
CXCL13 and PSMB9 were identified as potential diagnostic markers for RA based on a machine learning approach.
Further in-depth exploration of the target genes and associated immune cells can deepen the understanding
of RA pathophysiological processes and provide new insights into diagnosing and treating RA.
The Mechanisms Underlying the Pharmacological Effects of GuiPi
Decoction on Major Depressive Disorder based on Network Pharmacology
and Molecular Docking
Authors: Chen Liyuan , Ye Tianyuan , Wang Xiaolong , Han Lu , Wang Tongxing , Qi Dongmei , Cheng Xiaorui 
Published: August 2022

Background and Aim:
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a common affective disorder.
GuiPi decoction (GPD) is used to treat depression in China, Japan, and Korea. However, its
effective ingredients and antidepressant mechanisms remain unclear. We attempted to reveal the
potential mechanisms of GPD in the treatment of MDD by network pharmacology and molecular
docking. In addition, we conducted an enzymatic activity assay to validate the results of molecular
docking.

Methods:
GPD-related compounds and targets, and MDD-related targets were retrieved from databases
and literature. The herb-compound-target network was constructed by Cytoscape. The protein-
protein interaction network was built using the STRING database to find key targets of GPD on
MDD. Enrichment analysis of shared targets was analyzed by MetaCore database to obtain the potential
pathway and biological process of GPD on MDD. The main active compounds treating MDD
were screened by molecular docking. The PDE4s inhibitors were screened and verified by an enzyme
activity assay.

Results:
GPD contained 1222 ingredients and 190 potential targets for anti-MDD. Possible biological
processes regulated by GPD were neurophysiological processes, blood vessel morphogenesis,
Camp Responsive Element Modulator (CREM) pathway, and Androgen Receptor (AR) signaling
crosstalk in MDD. Potential pathways in MDD associated with GPD include neurotransmission, cell
differentiation, androgen signaling, and estrogen signaling. Fumarine, m-cresol, quercetin, betasitosterol,
fumarine, taraxasterol, and lupeol in GPD may be the targets of SLC6A4, monoamine
oxidase A (MAOA), DRD2, OPRM1, HTR3A, Albumin (ALB), and NTRK1, respectively. The IC50
values of trifolin targeting Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4A and girinimbine targeting PDE4B1 were
73.79 μM and 31.86 μM, respectively. The IC50 values of girinimbine and benzo[a]carbazole on
PDE4B2 were 51.62 μM and 94.61 μM, respectively.

Conclusion:
Different compounds in GPD may target the same protein, and the same component in
GPD can target multiple targets. These results suggest that the effects of GPD on MDD are holistic
and systematic, unlike the pattern of one drug-one target.
A Review on Aptamers Selection and Application in Heart Diseases
Diagnosis
Authors: Rhouati Amina , Rhouati Adel , Marty Jean Louis 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Biomarkers detection and quantification in biological fluids play a key role in the screen-ing, diagnosing and treating several diseases. Recently, a large number of aptamers have been selected and applied for the sensing of different biomarkers. Combined with different transducers, aptamers provide simple and rapid tools that allow highly sensitive and selective detection. Cardiol-ogy requires an accurate assessment of cardiac biomarkers for a complete diagnosis of cardiovascu-lar diseases. The analysis is generally performed by immunoassays using antibodies as biorecogni-tion elements. This review paper focuses on using aptamers as a promising alternative for antibodies in cardiac biomarkers biosensing. First, the different aptamers specific to the most important cardiac biomarkers are Troponin I, the peptide of B-type natriuretic peptide and myoglobin. Then, in the second part, we overview the electrochemical aptasensors principle and characteristics reported in the literature in the last five years.
Short Oligo(dA) and Oligo(dC) Mediated Synthesis of Anisotropic Silver
Nanoparticles under Blue LED Light Activation
Authors: Sritong Navaporn , Chumsook Siwat , Chumpol Jiraporn , Krubphachaya Pongrit , Siri Sineenat 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Synthesis of spherical silver nanoparticles is mostly reported, but the use of
DNA, especially short oligonucleotides, to mediate the production of anisotropic AgNPs is still questioned.

Objective:
This work aims to use 30-mer oligo(dA) and oligo(dC) (or A30 and C30) to assist the
formation of anisotropic AgNPs under blue LED irradiation.

Method:
We reported a simple synthesis reaction containing AgNO3, A30 (or C30), and sodium
borohydride, which were exposed to 460 nm LED light for 24 h. The obtained AgNPs were characterized
and assayed for antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

Results:
With exposure to 460 nm LED light, A30 and C30 could mediate the transition from spherical
to hexagonal shapes of AgNPs with average sizes of 16 − 18 nm. Analyses of X-ray diffraction
and selected area electron diffraction indicated the face-centered cubic crystal structure of AgNPs.
A30- and C30-AgNPs exhibited similar antioxidant activities; IC50 of 78.68 ± 0.83 and 73.91 ± 0.46
μg mL−1, respectively. They also possessed antibacterial activities against Gram-negative Escherichia
coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Scanning electron micrographs revealed surface
pores and rupture of bacterial cells in response to AgNPs.

Conclusion:
Oligonucleotides of only 30 residues are shown to assist the generation of anisotropic
AgNPs under activation of blue LED irradiation, in which the synthesized AgNPs still exhibited
antioxidant and antibacterial activities, suggesting a simple method to synthesize non-spherical
AgNPs using short-length DNA.
The Molecular and Functional Changes of Neural Stem Cells in Alzheimer’s
Disease: Can They be Reinvigorated to Conduct Neurogenesis
Authors: Abu-El-Rub Ejlal , Khasawneh Ramada R. , Almahasneh Fatimah A. , Aloud Basma Milad , Zegallai Hana M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is considered one of the most complicated neurodegenerative disorders,
and it is associated with progressive memory loss and remarkable neurocognitive dysfunction that
negatively impacts the ability to perform daily living activities. AD accounts for an estimated 60-80% of
dementia cases. AD's previously known pathological basis is the deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) aggregates
and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles by tau hyperphosphorylation in the cell bodies of neurons that
are located in the hippocampus, neocortex, and certain other regions of the cerebral hemispheres and limbic
system. The lack of neurotransmitter acetylcholine and the activation of oxidative stress cascade may
also contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. These pathological events can lead to irreversible loss of neuronal
networks and the emergence of memory impairment and cognitive dysfunction that can engender an
abnormal change in the personality. AD cannot be cured, and to some extent, the prescribed medications
can only manage the symptoms associated with this disease. Several studies have reported that the regenerative
abilities of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) remarkably decline in AD, which disturbs the
balancing power to control its progression. Exogenous infusion or endogenous activation of NSCs may be
the ultimate solution to restore the neuronal networks in the brain of AD patients and regenerate the damaged
areas responsible for memory and cognition. In this mini-review, we will touch upon the fate of
NSCs in AD and the utilization of neurogenesis using modified NSCs to restore cognitive functions in
AD.
Molecular Mechanisms of Sanguinarine in Cancer Prevention and Treatment
Authors: Ullah Asmat , Aziz Tariq , Ullah Najeeb , Nawaz Touseef 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Historically, natural plant-derived drugs received a great impact of consideration in the treatment of several
human-associated disorders. Cancer is a devastating disease and the second most cause of mortality. Sanguinarine
(SANG), a naturally isolated plant alkaloidal agent, possesses chemo-preventive effects. Several studies have revealed
that SANG impedes tumor metastasis and development by disrupting a wide range of cell signaling pathways and its
molecular targets, such as BCL-2, MAPKs, Akt, NF-κB, ROS, and microRNAs (miRNAs). However, its low chemical
stability and poor oral bioavailability remain key issues in its use as a medicinal molecule. A novel method (e.g., liposomes,
nanoparticles, and micelles) and alternative analogs provide an exciting approach to alleviate these problems
and broaden its pharmacokinetic profile. Cancer-specific miRNA expression is synchronized by SANG, which has also
been uncertain. In this critical study, we review the utilization of SANG mimics and nano-technologies to improve its
support in cancer. We focus on recently disclosed studies on SANG anti-cancer properties.
Effect of Applying a Real-Time Medical Record Input Assistance System With Voice Artificial Intelligence on Triage Task Performance in the Emergency Department: Prospective Interventional Study
Authors: Cho Ara , Min In Kyung , Hong Seungkyun , Chung Hyun Soo , Lee Hyun Sim , Kim Ji Hoon 
Published: August 2022

Background
Natural language processing has been established as an important tool when using unstructured text data; however, most studies in the medical field have been limited to a retrospective analysis of text entered manually by humans. Little research has focused on applying natural language processing to the conversion of raw voice data generated in the clinical field into text using speech-to-text algorithms.

Objective
In this study, we investigated the promptness and reliability of a real-time medical record input assistance system with voice artificial intelligence (RMIS-AI) and compared it to the manual method for triage tasks in the emergency department.

Methods
From June 4, 2021, to September 12, 2021, RMIS-AI, using a machine learning engine trained with 1717 triage cases over 6 months, was prospectively applied in clinical practice in a triage unit. We analyzed a total of 1063 triage tasks performed by 19 triage nurses who agreed to participate. The primary outcome was the time for participants to perform the triage task.

Results
The median time for participants to perform the triage task was 204 (IQR 155, 277) seconds by RMIS-AI and 231 (IQR 180, 313) seconds using manual method; this difference was statistically significant (P<.001). Most variables required for entry in the triage note showed a higher record completion rate by the manual method, but in the recording of additional chief concerns and past medical history, RMIS-AI showed a higher record completion rate than the manual method. Categorical variables entered by RMIS-AI showed less accuracy compared with continuous variables, such as vital signs.

Conclusions
RMIS-AI improves the promptness in performing triage tasks as compared to using the manual input method. However, to make it a reliable alternative to the conventional method, technical supplementation and additional research should be pursued.
Using Normative Language When Describing Scientific Findings: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial of Effects on Trust and Credibility
Authors: Agley Jon , Xiao Yunyu , Thompson Esi E , Golzarri-Arroyo Lilian 
Published: August 2022

Background
Trust in science and scientists has received renewed attention because of the “infodemic” occurring alongside COVID-19. A robust evidence basis shows that such trust is associated with belief in misinformation and willingness to engage in public and personal health behaviors. At the same time, trust and the associated construct of credibility are complex meta-cognitive concepts that often are oversimplified in quantitative research. The discussion of research often includes both normative language (what one ought to do based on a study’s findings) and cognitive language (what a study found), but these types of claims are very different, since normative claims make assumptions about people’s interests. Thus, this paper presents a protocol for a large randomized controlled trial to experimentally test whether some of the variability in trust in science and scientists and perceived message credibility is attributable to the use of normative language when sharing study findings in contrast to the use of cognitive language alone.

Objective
The objective of this trial will be to examine if reading normative and cognitive claims about a scientific study, compared to cognitive claims alone, results in lower trust in science and scientists as well as lower perceived credibility of the scientist who conducted the study, perceived credibility of the research, trust in the scientific information on the post, and trust in scientific information coming from the author of the post.

Methods
We will conduct a randomized controlled trial consisting of 2 parallel groups and a 1:1 allocation ratio. A sample of 1500 adults aged ≥18 years who represent the overall US population distribution by gender, race/ethnicity, and age will randomly be assigned to either an “intervention” arm (normative and cognitive claims) or a control arm (cognitive claims alone). In each arm, participants will view and verify their understanding of an ecologically valid claim or set of claims (ie, from a highly cited, published research study) designed to look like a social media post. Outcomes will be trust in science and scientists, the perceived credibility of the scientist who conducted the study, the perceived credibility of the research, trust in the scientific information on the post, and trust in scientific information coming from the author of the post. Analyses will incorporate 9 covariates.

Results
This study will be conducted without using any external funding mechanisms.

Conclusions
If there is a measurable effect attributable to the inclusion of normative language when writing about scientific findings, it should generate discussion about how such findings are presented and disseminated.

Trial Registration
Open Science Framework n7yfc; https://osf.io/n7yfc

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/41747
Quinta arremetida de COVID-19 y el uso de mascarillas en espacios abiertos y cerrados
Authors: Fuertes-Bucheli José Fernando , Peláez-Martínez Juan David , Martínez-Niño María del Mar , Aguilar-Gonzalez Ana María , Dorris Madeline , Ferro Beatriz E. , Pacheco Robinson 
Published: August 2022

Introducción: La pandemia COVID-19 demanda permanentes adaptaciones en la gestión según la situación epidemiológica. Objetivo: Analizar el comportamiento epidemiológico de COVID-19 en Cali (Colombia) post levantamiento de obligatoriedad de usar mascarillas en ambientes abiertos y cerrados, entre marzo 1 y julio 11 de 2022. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo de casos de COVID-19 e incidencia acumulada (IA) para 7 días, con dos hitos temporales: desistimiento del uso mandatorio de mascarillas en ambientes abiertos y cerrados, usando datos publicados por el Instituto Nacional de Salud. Se evaluó la tendencia temporal con la prueba no paramétrica Mann-Kendall. Resultados: Se demostraron diferencias entre el primer y segundo hito: 922 casos en 75 días versus 12.037 en 59 días; Tau=-0,22 versus 0,57, S=-608 versus 968, Var(S)=47.574,66 versus 233.280,66; pendiente de Sen=-0,10 (IC95%: -0,18 y -0,03) versus 7,39 (IC95%: 5,23 y 8,88). Luego del segundo hito, la IA aumentó con tendencia positiva (S=23, p=0,006). Conclusiones: El aumento significativo de casos de COVID-19 y de IA coincidió con el levantamiento de la medida de usar mascarillas en espacios cerrados. Por tanto, se apoya el regresar al uso de mascarillas en espacios cerrados, reforzar la gestión infodémica, promover la vacunación y acrecentar la ventilación natural.
Bird species at risk in the cloud forest of five IBASIBAs of the Sierra Madre Oriental, Mexico
Authors: Caballero-Cruz Pablo , Vargas-Noguez Guillermo , Ortiz-Pulido Raúl 
Published: August 2022

The presence of 125 species of birds at risk or endemic to Mexico’s montane mesophyll forest has been suggested. These birds need to be conserved. At a time of global defaunation and reduction of these forests, it is important to determine which bird species still inhabit this ecosystem. For the mesophyll forest located in the Sierra Madre Oriental of Mexico, no recent field data have been published to indicate their presence. In this analysis we report the records of bird species at risk made in 2016 in five Important Bird Areas with mountain mesophyll forest (Sierra Gorda, Tlanchinol, Huayacocotla, Cuetzalan and Metlac River) located in four states of Mexico (Querétaro, Hidalgo, Veracruz and Puebla). In total we recorded 60 bird species (48%) of the 125, 29 are considered nationally threatened and 34 have some type of endangerment. Six of the species are globally protected (Dendrortyx barbatus, Ara militaris, Contopus cooperi, Ridgwayia pinicola, Setophaga chrysoparia and Passerina ciris). This information can serve as a basis for their preservation and to establish monitoring, studies and conservation actions aimed at species in mesophyll forest areas.