bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Observational Evidence for the Role of Polar Vortex Strength in Modulating the Activity of Planetary Waves in the MLT Region
Authors: Ma Zheng , Gong Yun , Zhang Shaodong , Zhou Qihou , Huang Chunming , Huang Kaiming , Li Guozhu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBased on the meteor winds measured at Mohe (MH; 53.5°N, 122.3°E) and the reanalysis data, we investigate the variations of planetary waves in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region during the 2019/2020 Arctic winter. Four stratospheric polar warmings, including two sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs), are observed from November 2019 to March 2020. Quasi‐10‐day waves (Q10DWs) are found to be enhanced following three of these warmings in the zonal winds in the MLT region over MH, but unusually weak after the SSW in February 2020. The trigger mechanisms of the enhanced Q10DWs are investigated and the reason for the unusually weak Q10DWs in February is revealed. Upward propagations and in situ generations of Q10DWs are both limited during the February SSW. Our analysis indicates that Q10DWs in the MLT region in February 2020 are largely inhibited by the extremely strong polar vortex and a lack of mesospheric instability.
The Terrestrial Biosphere Model Farm
Authors: Fisher Joshua B. , Sikka Munish , Block Gary L. , Schwalm Christopher R. , Parazoo Nicholas C. , Kolus Hannah R. , Sok Malen , Wang Audrey , Gagne‐Landmann Anna , Lawal Shakirudeen , Guillaume Alexandre , Poletti Alyssa , Schaefer Kevin M. , El Masri Bassil , Levy Peter E. , Wei Yaxing , Dietze Michael C. , Huntzinger Deborah N. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractModel Intercomparison Projects (MIPs) are fundamental to our understanding of how the land surface responds to changes in climate. However, MIPs are challenging to conduct, requiring the organization of multiple, decentralized modeling teams throughout the world running common protocols. We explored centralizing these models on a single supercomputing system. We ran nine offline terrestrial biosphere models through the Terrestrial Biosphere Model Farm: CABLE, CENTURY, HyLand, ISAM, JULES, LPJ‐GUESS, ORCHIDEE, SiB‐3, and SiB‐CASA. All models were wrapped in a software framework driven with common forcing data, spin‐up, and run protocols specified by the Multi‐scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP) for years 1901–2100. We ran more than a dozen model experiments. We identify three major benefits and three major challenges. The benefits include: (a) processing multiple models through a MIP is relatively straightforward, (b) MIP protocols are run consistently across models, which may reduce some model output variability, and (c) unique multimodel experiments can provide novel output for analysis. The challenges are: (a) technological demand is large, particularly for data and output storage and transfer; (b) model versions lag those from the core model development teams; and (c) there is still a need for intellectual input from the core model development teams for insight into model results. A merger with the open‐source, cloud‐based Predictive Ecosystem Analyzer (PEcAn) ecoinformatics system may be a path forward to overcoming these challenges.
Parameter Distributions for the Drag‐Based Modeling of CME Propagation
Authors: Napoletano Gianluca , Foldes Raffaello , Camporeale Enrico , de Gasperis Giancarlo , Giovannelli Luca , Paouris Evangelos , Pietropaolo Ermanno , Teunissen Jannis , Tiwari Ajay Kumar , Del Moro Dario 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn recent years, ensemble modeling has been widely employed in space weather to estimate uncertainties in forecasts. We here focus on the ensemble modeling of Coronal Mass Ejections (CME) arrival times and arrival velocities using a drag‐based model, which is well‐suited for this purpose due to its simplicity and low computational cost. Although ensemble techniques have previously been applied to the drag‐based model, it is still not clear how to best determine distributions for its input parameters, namely the drag parameter and the solar wind speed. The aim of this work is to evaluate statistical distributions for these model parameters starting from a list of past CME‐ICME events. We employ LASCO coronagraph observations to measure initial CME position and speed, and in situ data to associate them with an arrival date and arrival speed. For each event we ran a statistical procedure to invert the model equations, producing parameters distributions as output. Our results indicate that the distributions employed in previous works were appropriately selected, even though they were based on restricted samples and heuristic considerations. On the other hand, possible refinements to the current method are also identified, such as the dependence of the drag parameter distribution on the CME being accelerated or decelerated by the solar wind, which deserve further investigation.
Efficacy of sacubitril/valsartan versus olmesartan in Japanese patients with essential hypertension: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study
Authors: Rakugi Hiromi , Kario Kazuomi , Yamaguchi Masako , Sasajima Takayoshi , Gotou Hiromi , Zhang Jack 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis phase III study assessed the efficacy and safety of sacubitril/valsartan compared with those of olmesartan in Japanese patients with essential hypertension. Patients (n = 1161, aged ≥20 years) with mild to moderate hypertension (mean sitting systolic blood pressure [msSBP] ≥150 to <180 mmHg) were randomized to receive sacubitril/valsartan 200 mg (n = 387), sacubitril/valsartan 400 mg (n = 385), or olmesartan 20 mg (n = 389) once daily for 8 weeks. The primary assessment was a reduction in msSBP from baseline with sacubitril/valsartan 200 mg vs. olmesartan 20 mg at Week 8. Secondary assessments included msSBP reduction with sacubitril/valsartan 400 mg vs. olmesartan at Week 8 and reductions in mean sitting diastolic blood pressure (msDBP), mean sitting pulse pressure (msPP), and overall blood pressure (BP) control rate for all treatment groups at Week 8. Sacubitril/valsartan 200 mg provided a significantly greater reduction in msSBP from baseline than olmesartan at Week 8 (between-treatment difference: −5.01 mmHg [95% confidence interval: −6.95 to −3.06 mmHg,P < 0.001 for noninferiority and superiority]). Greater reductions in msSBP with sacubitril/valsartan 400 mg vs. olmesartan, as well as in msDBP and msPP with both doses of sacubitril/valsartanvs. olmesartan (P < 0.05 for all), were also observed. Patients treated with sacubitril/valsartan achieved an overall higher BP control rate. The safety and tolerability profiles of sacubitril/valsartan were generally comparable to those of olmesartan. The adverse event rate with sacubitril/valsartan was not dose-dependent. Treatment with sacubitril/valsartan was effective and provided superior BP reduction, with a higher proportion of patients achieving target BP goals than treatment with olmesartan in Japanese patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.
Personality, density and habitat drive the dispersal of invasive crayfish
Authors: Galib Shams M. , Sun Jingrui , Twiss Sean D. , Lucas Martyn C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that personality traits may drive dispersal patterns of animals, including invasive species. We investigated, using the widespread signal crayfishPacifastacus leniusculusas a model invasive species, whether effects of personality traits on dispersal were independent of, or affected by, other factors including population density, habitat, crayfish size, sex and limb loss, along an invasion gradient. Behavioural traits (boldness, activity, exploration, willingness to climb) of 310 individually marked signal crayfish were measured at fully-established, newly-established and invasion front sites of two upland streams. After a period at liberty, recaptured crayfish were reassessed for behavioural traits (newly-established, invasion front). Dispersal distance and direction of crayfish movement, local population density, fine-scale habitat characteristics and crayfish size, sex and limb loss were also measured. Individual crayfish exhibited consistency in behavioural traits over time which formed a behavioural syndrome. Dispersal was both positively and negatively affected by personality traits, positively by local population density and negatively by refuge availability. No effect of size, sex and limb loss was recorded. Personality played a role in promoting dispersal but population density and local habitat complexity were also important determinants. Predicting biological invasion in animals is likely to require better integration of these processes.
A topology optimization algorithm for magnetic structures based on a hybrid FEM–BEM method utilizing the adjoint approach
Authors: Wautischer Gregor , Abert Claas , Bruckner Florian , Slanovc Florian , Suess Dieter 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA method to optimize the topology of hard as well as soft magnetic structures is implemented using the density approach for topology optimization. The stray field computation is performed by a hybrid finite element–boundary element method. Utilizing the adjoint approach the gradients necessary to perform the optimization can be calculated very efficiently. We derive the gradients using a “first optimize then discretize” scheme. Within this scheme, the stray field operator is self-adjoint allowing to solve the adjoint equation by the same means as the stray field calculation. The capabilities of the method are showcased by optimizing the topology of hard as well as soft magnetic thin film structures and the results are verified by comparison with an analytical solution.
Effect of ligninolytic axenic and coculture white-rot fungi on rice straw chemical composition and in vitro fermentation characteristics
Authors: Datsomor Osmond , Gou-qi Zhao , Miao Lin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe study sought to investigate the potentials of axenic cultures of Pleurotus ostreatus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and their coculture (P. chrysosporium and P. ostreatus) to break down lignin and to enhance the rumen fermentability of rice straw. Rice straw was fermented by two lignin-degrading fungi, namely, P. ostreatus, P. chrysosporium and its coculture (P. ostreatus and P. chrysosporium) with uninoculated straw as control under solid-state fermentation employing a completely randomized research design. The coculture exhibited a mutual intermingling plus inhibition interaction. The fungi treatment increased the crude protein from (5.1%) in the control to (6.5%, 6.6%, and 6.7%) in the P. ostreatus, P. chrysosporium and coculture respectively. The coculture treated straw had a lower lignin content (5.3%) compared to the P. chrysosporium (6.2%) with the P. ostreatus recording the least (3.3%) lignin fraction. Treatment of rice straw with coculture improved the in vitro dry matter digestibility (68.1%), total volatile fatty acids (35.3 mM), and total gas (57.4 ml/200 mg) compared to P. chrysosporium (45.1%, 32.2 mM, 44.4 ml/200 mg) but was second to P. ostreatus (75.3%, 38.3 mM, 65.6 ml/200 mg). Instead of an anticipated synergistic effect from the coculture, a competitive antagonistic effect was rather observed at the end of the study, a condition that can be attributed to the coculture behavior.
A detection method for HVDC commutation failure based on the variation rate of commutation inductance energy
Authors: Ma Jing , Liu Chen , Cheng Peng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConcerning the insufficient accuracy of the criterion for identifying commutation failure in HVDC transmission systems, a new detection method for commutation failure based on the variation rate of commutation inductance energy is proposed. First, the conducting states of the converter valves in both normal commutation and commutation failure conditions are analysed, and the correlation between the differential of valve‐side line current and the conducting state of the converter in different commutation scenarios is established. On this basis, combining the topologies of D/Y‐bridge converters, a model to calculate the variation rate of commutation inductance energy is built. Then, considering the fault characteristics of DC current, DC voltage and valve currents, it is found that the calculated value of the variation rate of commutation inductance energy is consistent with the actual value under normal commutation conditions but inconsistent under commutation failure conditions. This allows for the construction of a criterion for identifying the commutation failure. Finally, the simulation results obtained with the RT‐LAB platform verify that, the proposed method can detect the occurrence of commutation failure quickly without measuring the valve currents, and it remains accurate when dealing with commutation failure near the threshold.
Dielectric rod loaded tunable substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna
Authors: De Sriparna , Koul Shiban K. , Samanta Kamal K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a novel passive tuning technique to mechanically tune the resonant frequency of a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) slot antenna, by using cylindrical rods of different dielectric materials in the air holes. A full‐wave 3‐dimensional Electromagnetic simulator software is used to estimate tunability in the resonant frequency of the SIW slot antenna, which is then analysed using its equivalent circuit, and then verified experimentally. Tunability is obtained by changing relative permittivity of dielectric rods. Measurements show good frequency tunability even with a limited number of dielectric rods and gains over 5 dBi. The similarity in the radiation patterns with tuning, demonstrates a good characteristic for tunable antennas. The technique is simple but effective and does not require external direct current bias circuitry, which removes parasitic effects and less power consumption. The low field perturbation of dielectric rods provides better loss performance and a higher Q‐factor over a wider bandwidth. The initial design demonstrates a cost‐effective tuning technique achieving return loss (>10 dB) in the X‐band. This technique is also suitable for practically overcoming the performance deviation due to fabrication inaccuracies and temperature variation.
Insight into the Reactivity Profile of Solid-State Aryl Bromides in Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions Using Ball Milling
Authors: Kubota Koji , Ito Hajime , Kondo Keisuke , Seo Tamae 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite recent advances in solid-state organic synthesis using ball milling, insight into the unique reactivity of solid-state substrates, which is often different from that in solution, has been poorly explored. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the reactivity and melting points of aryl halides in solid-state Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions and the effect of reaction temperature on these processes. We found that aryl halides with high melting points showed significantly low reactivity in the solid-state cross-coupling near room temperature, but the reactions were notably accelerated by increasing the reaction temperature. Given that the reaction temperature is much lower than the melting points of these substrates, the acceleration effect is most likely ascribed to the weakening of the intermolecular interactions between the substrate molecules in the solid state. The present study provides important perspectives for the rational design of efficient solid-state organic transformations using ball milling.
Determinants in Tailoring Antidiabetic Therapies: A Personalized Approach
Authors: Rizvi Aliya A. , Abbas Mohammad , Verma Sushma , Verma Shrikant , Khan Almas , Raza Syed T. , Mahdi Farzana 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDiabetes has become a pandemic as the number of diabetic people continues to rise globally. Being a heterogeneous disease, it has different manifestations and associated complications in different individuals like diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and others. With the advent of science and technology, this era desperately requires increasing the pace of embracing precision medicine and tailoring of drug treatment based on the genetic composition of individuals. It has been previously established that response to antidiabetic drugs, like biguanides, sulfonylureas, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists, and others, depending on variations in their transporter genes, metabolizing genes, genes involved in their action, etc. Responsiveness of these drugs also relies on epigenetic factors, including histone modifications, miRNAs, and DNA methylation, as well as environmental factors and the lifestyle of an individual. For precision medicine to make its way into clinical procedures and come into execution, all these factors must be reckoned with. This review provides an insight into several factors oscillating around the idea of precision medicine in type-2 diabetes mellitus.
Optimal recovery in weighted spaces with homogeneous weights
Authors: Osipenko K. Yu. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The paper concerns problems of the recovery of operators from noisy information in weighted

-spaces with homogeneous weights. A number of general theorems are proved and applied to problems of the recovery of differential operators from a noisy Fourier transform. In particular, optimal methods are obtained for the recovery of powers of the Laplace operator from a noisy Fourier transform in the

-metric.
Bibliography: 30 titles.
Lyapunov instability of stationary flows of a polymeric fluid in a channel with perforated walls
Authors: Blokhin A. M. , Tkachev D. L. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The rheological Pokrovskii-Vinogradov model for flows of solutions or melts of an incompressible viscoelastic polymeric medium is studied in the case of flows in an infinite planar channel with perforated walls. The linear Lyapunov instability is proved for the base solution with constant flow rate in the class of perturbations periodic in the variable varying along the channel wall.
Bibliography: 14 titles.
Extremal functional

-interpolation on an arbitrary mesh on the real axis
Authors: Subbotin Yu. N. , Shevaldin V. T. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Golomb-de Boor problem of extremal interpolation of infinite real sequences with smallest

-norm of the

th derivative of the interpolant,

, on an arbitrary mesh on the real axis is studied under constraints on the norms of the corresponding divided differences. For this smallest norm, lower estimates are obtained for any

in terms of

-splines. For the second derivative, this quantity is estimated from below and above by constants depending on the parameter

.
Bibliography: 13 titles.
TRITHORAX-dependent arginine methylation of HSP68 mediates circadian repression by PERIOD in the monarch butterfly
Authors: Zhang Ying , Iiams Samantha E. , Menet Jerome S. , Hardin Paul E. , Merlin Christine 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Circadian repression drives the transcriptional feedback loops that keep circadian (∼24-h) time and synchronize an animal’s physiology and behavior to the daily environmental changes. Although PERIOD (PER) is known to initiate transcriptional repression by displacing the transcription activator CLOCK:BMAL1 from DNA, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Using the monarch butterfly as a model harboring a simplified version of the mammalian circadian clock, we demonstrate that the binding of heat shock protein 68 (HSP68) to a region homologous to CLOCK mouse exon 19 is essential for CLK–PER interaction and PER repression. We further show that CLK–PER interaction and PER repression are promoted by the methylation of a single arginine methylation site (R45) on HSP68 via TRITHORAX catalytic activity.
XP-524 is a dual-BET/EP300 inhibitor that represses oncogenic KRAS and potentiates immune checkpoint inhibition in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Principe Daniel R. , Xiong Rui , Li Yangfeng , Pham Thao N. D. , Kamath Suneel D. , Dubrovskyi Oleksii , Ratia Kiira , Huang Fei , Zhao Jiong , Shen Zhengnan , Thummuri Dinesh , Daohong Zhou , Underwood Patrick W. , Trevino Jose , Munshi Hidayatullah G. , Thatcher Gregory R. J. , Rana Ajay 
Published: January 2022

SignificanceThere are currently no effective treatments for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which displays widespread resistance to chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. Here, we demonstrate that the multispecificity BET/EP300 inhibitor XP-524 has pronounced single-agent efficacy in vitro, in vivo, and in ex vivo human PDAC slice cultures, functioning in part by attenuating oncogenic KRAS signaling. In vivo XP-524 led to extensive reprogramming of the pancreatic tumor microenvironment, sensitizing murine carcinoma to immune checkpoint inhibition and further extending survival. Given the urgent need for therapeutic approaches in PDAC, the combination of XP-524 and immune checkpoint inhibition warrants additional exploration.
Temperature sensing using junctions between mobile ions and mobile electrons
Authors: Wang Yecheng , Jia Kun , Zhang Shuwen , Kim Hyeong Jun , Bai Yang , Hayward Ryan C. , Suo Zhigang 
Published: January 2022

Significance
We develop temperature sensors on the basis of charges accumulated at the electrolyte/dielectric interface and dielectric/electrode interface. The accumulated charges make the temperature sensors self-powered, which simplifies circuit design and enables portable sensing. The sensors are stretchable, but deformation does not affect temperature sensing. The sensors have high sensitivity and fast response. They can be made small and transparent. Such temperature sensors open new possibilities to create human–machine interfaces and soft robots in healthcare and engineering.
Never just contact
Authors: Neocleous Nicolaos , Sitaridou Ioanna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the diachronic developments that gave rise to final auxiliaries – a hallmark of head-final syntax – in Asia Minor Greek, a cluster of Greek varieties originally spoken in the area historically known as Asia Minor (present-day Anatolia, Turkey) within the recent developments of the generative framework, i.e., the minimalist program. We propose that the original source for the final auxiliaries in Asia Minor Greek is to be found in Hellenistic Greek conditionals, whereas it can be traced back to Medieval Greek pluperfects. The role of contact with Anatolian Turkish is limited to rendering the available – albeit pragmatically marked – Verb-Auxiliary as the only available order. Importantly, this bottom-up change did not switch Asia Minor Greek from harmonic head-initial to harmonic head-final, but, rather, made it a mixed-directionality language. In minimalist terms, we propose that attrition, one of the ways that language contact manifests itself, targets SEM-uninterpretable features; from this point onwards contact may or may not ensue depending on the feature (mis)match between the two languages.