bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19‐associated acute invasive fungal sinusitis: Clinical and imaging findings
Authors: Elmokadem Ali H. , Bayoumi Dalia , Mansour Manar , Ghonim Mahitab , Saad Eman A. , Khedr Doaa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe purpose is to provide a comprehensive report describing the clinical and imaging features of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐related acute invasive fungal sinusitis (AIFS) and associated comorbidities.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on 25 patients (12 males and 13 females, mean age of 53.9±9.1 years). All patients had positive polymerase chain reaction test for COVID‐19 and histopathological proof of AIFS. Patients underwent computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance examinations to assess sinonasal, orbital, and cranial spread.ResultsThe most prevalent comorbidity among the study cohort was diabetes mellitus (DM). Twenty‐one patients (84%) were diagnosed in the post‐COVID‐19 period after hospital discharge, with a mean interval of 19.1±9.2 days. Steroid treatment was given to 19 patients (76%). Orbital manifestations were the presenting symptoms in all patients, followed by facial edema, nasal discharge, and neurological symptoms. Sinonasal involvement ranged from mucosal thickening to complete sinus opacification by a predominant isodensity on CT, low T1, and high T2 signal intensity with variable enhancement patterns. Twenty‐four patients had a unilateral orbital extension, and 12 patients showed signs of intracranial extension. Bone involvement was detected in 16 patients (64%). Follow‐up scans in 18 patients (72%) showed rapid progression of the disease. Eight patients (32%) died, six from neurological complications and two from severe respiratory failure.ConclusionSteroids, DM, and severe COVID‐19 are the major risk factors of AIFS in the post‐COVID‐19 era. Imaging scans in all patients revealed different sinonasal, facial, orbital features, and intracranial involvement with rapid progression of the findings on follow‐up scans.
Dynamic causal modeling of sensorimotor networks elicited by saltatory pneumotactile velocity in the glabrous hand
Authors: Wang Yingying , Oh Hyuntaek , Barlow Steven M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe effective connectivity of neuronal networks during passive saltatory pneumotactile velocity stimulation to the glabrous hand with different velocities is still unknown. The present study investigated the effectivity connectivity elicited by saltatory pneumotactile velocity arrays placed on the glabrous hand at three velocities (5, 25, and 65 cm/second).MethodsDynamic causal modeling (DCM) was used on functional MRI data sampled from 20 neurotypical adults. Five brain regions, including the left primary somatosensory (SI) and motor (M1) cortices, bilateral secondary somatosensory (SII) cortices, and right cerebellar lobule VI, were used to build model space.ResultsThree velocities (5, 25, and 65 cm/second) of saltatory pneumotactile stimuli were processed in both serial and parallel modes within the sensorimotor networks. The medium velocity of 25 cm/second modulated forward interhemispheric connection from the contralateral SII to the ipsilateral SII. Pneumotactile stimulation at the medium velocity of 25 cm/second also influenced contralateral M1 through contralateral SI. Finally, the right cerebellar lobule VI was involved in the sensorimotor networks.ConclusionsOur DCM results suggest the coexistence of both serial and parallel processing for saltatory pneumotactile velocity stimulation. Significant contralateral M1 modulation promotes the prospect that the passive saltatory pneumotactile velocity arrays can be used to design sensorimotor rehabilitation protocols to activate M1. The effective connectivity from the right cerebellar lobule VI to other cortical regions demonstrates the cerebellum's role in the sensorimotor networks through feedforward and feedback neuronal pathways.
The Validity of the Salivary Cortisol Analysis Method Using the Cube Reader in Japanese University Students
Authors: Mitsuishi Hisashi , Okamura Hisayoshi , Moriguchi Yusuke , Aoki Yoshiko 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe assessment of salivary cortisol is considered a noninvasive method for measuring stress. The validity of the SOMA Cube Reader method to measure salivary cortisol was evaluated by comparing the results with those of the long‐used enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method (ELISA) in 18 healthy Japanese university students (including non‐athletes). We measured diurnal salivary cortisol levels (immediately post‐awakening, 30 min post‐awakening, and at 11:00, 14:00, and 17:00). Measurements obtained by both methods were compared using analyses of variance. No significant main effects or interactions were demonstrated. Significant positive correlations were noted between the ELISA and Cube Reader measurements across all five testing points, the cortisol awakening response, the daily output, and the diurnal cortisol slope (rs = .50–.75). Moreover, the limits of agreement between the Cube Reader and the ELISA results were assessed via a Bland–Altman graph, showing good agreement with no bias. The results obtained with the Cube Reader method correlated with values obtained using the ELISA method, confirming the potential to use the Cube Reader for measuring diurnal salivary cortisol levels in healthy Japanese university students, including non‐athletes.
Establishment and characterization of a cell line from ictalurid catfish
Authors: Aarattuthodi Suja , Dharan Vandana , Khoo Lester , Bosworth Brian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe catfish industry is integral to the economy of the southern United States contributing >70% of the total U. S. finfish production. Intensive catfish production systems are more vulnerable to infectious disease outbreaks resulting in significant economic losses. Viruses are a major concern especially in the hatchery and nursery phases of catfish rearing. These infectious agents require host cell machineries to replicate. The ability to propagate fish viruses in vitro using cell cultures is imperative in advancing virus research and facilitating disease management strategies. Several viruses show host‐ or even tissue‐specificity. Scarcity of host‐specific fish cell lines forces researchers to rely on general cell lines that might not be conducive for the replication of some viruses, thus hindering their isolation, identification, and characterization. The ictalurid cell line (channel catfish ovary [CCO‐ATCC® CRL‐2772]) previously available from cell repository (ATCC) has recently been reported as cross‐contaminated by brown bullhead (BB) cells. Lack of host‐specific cell cultures and contamination issues necessitated initiation of cell cultures from the fin tissues of hybrid catfish (♀ channel catfish × ♂ blue catfish). A combination approach involving tissue explantation and enzymatic digestion methods were used to develop catfish fin cell cultures. These cultures were passaged over 100 times and transitioned into an established cell line. The hybrid catfish fin (HCF) cell line was characterized, growth conditions optimized, species of origin molecularly authenticated, and the susceptibility to fish viruses evaluated. This catfish cell line could serve as an efficient tool for virus studies, antiviral agent screening, and vaccine development benefitting catfish aquaculture.
TypeIIIsecretion byYersinia pseudotuberculosisis reliant upon an authentic N‐terminalYscXsecretor domain
Authors: Gurung Jyoti M. , Amer Ayad A. A. , Chen Shiyun , Diepold Andreas , Francis Matthew S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractYscX was discovered as an essential part of theYersiniatype III secretion system about 20 years ago. It is required for substrate secretion and is exported itself. Despite this central role, its precise function and mode of action remain unknown. In order to address this knowledge gap, this present study refocused attention on YscX to build on the recent advances in the understanding of YscX function. Our experiments identified an N‐terminal secretion domain in YscX promoting its secretion, with the first five codons constituting a minimal signal capable of promoting secretion of the signal less β‐lactamase reporter. Replacing the extreme YscX N‐terminus with known secretion signals of other Ysc‐Yop substrates revealed that the YscX N‐terminal segment contains non‐redundant information needed for YscX function. Further, bothin cisdeletion of the YscX N‐terminus in the virulence plasmid and ectopic expression of epitope‐tagged YscX variants again lead to stable YscX production but not type III secretion of Yop effector proteins. Mislocalisation of the needle components, SctI and SctF, accompanied this general defect in Yops secretion. Hence, a coupling exists between YscX secretion permissiveness and the assembly of an operational secretion system.
Extending beyond Gondwana: Cretaceous Cunoniaceae from western North America
Authors: Tang Keana K. , Smith Selena Y. , Atkinson Brian A. 
Published: January 2022

Summary

Cunoniaceae are important elements of rainforests across the Southern Hemisphere. Many of these flowering plants are considered Paleo‐Antarctic Rainforest Lineages that had a Gondwanan distribution since the Paleocene. Fossils of several modern genera within the family, such as Ceratopetalum, have indicated biogeographical connections between South America and Australia in the Cenozoic.

Here, we report a dramatic geographical range extension for Ceratopetalum, and Cunoniaceae as a whole, based on two exceptionally preserved fossil winged fruits from Campanian (c. 82–80 Ma old) deposits on Sucia Island, Washington, USA. The fossils were studied using physical sectioning, light microscopy, micro‐computed tomography scanning and multiple phylogenetic analyses.

The fossil fruits share diagnostic characters with Ceratopetalum such as the presence of four to five persistent calyx lobes, a prominent nectary disk, persistent stamens, a semi‐inferior ovary and two persistent styles. Based on morphological comparisons with fruits of extant species and support from phylogenetic analyses, the fossils are assigned to a new species Ceratopetalum suciensis.

These fossils are the first unequivocal evidence of crown Cunoniaceae from the Cretaceous of North America, indicating a more complicated biogeographical history for this important Gondwanan family.
Multimodal correlative imaging and modelling of phosphorus uptake from soil by hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Keyes Sam , van Veelen Arjen , McKay Fletcher Dan , Scotson Callum , Koebernick Nico , Petroselli Chiara , Williams Katherine , Ruiz Siul , Cooper Laura , Mayon Robbie , Duncan Simon , Dumont Marc , Jakobsen Iver , Oldroyd Giles , Tkacz Andrzej , Poole Philip , Mosselmans Fred , Borca Camelia , Huthwelker Thomas , Jones David L. , Roose Tiina 
Published: January 2022

Summary

Phosphorus (P) is essential for plant growth. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) aid its uptake by acquiring P from sources distant from roots in return for carbon. Little is known about how AMF colonise soil pore‐space, and models of AMF‐enhanced P‐uptake are poorly validated.

We used synchrotron X‐ray computed tomography to visualize mycorrhizas in soil and synchrotron X‐ray fluorescence/X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XRF/XANES) elemental mapping for P, sulphur (S) and aluminium (Al) in combination with modelling.

We found that AMF inoculation had a suppressive effect on colonisation by other soil fungi and identified differences in structure and growth rate between hyphae of AMF and nonmycorrhizal fungi. Our results showed that AMF co‐locate with areas of high P and low Al, and preferentially associate with organic‐type P species over Al‐rich inorganic P.

We discovered that AMF avoid Al‐rich areas as a source of P. Sulphur‐rich regions were found to be correlated with higher hyphal density and an increased organic‐associated P‐pool, whilst oxidized S‐species were found close to AMF hyphae. Increased S oxidation close to AMF suggested the observed changes were microbiome‐related. Our experimentally‐validated model led to an estimate of P‐uptake by AMF hyphae that is an order of magnitude lower than rates previously estimated – a result with significant implications for the modelling of plant–soil–AMF interactions.
Chronic wounds in persons living with dementia: An integrative review
Authors: Sefcik Justine S. , McLaurin Elease J. , Bass Ellen J. , DiMaria‐Ghalili Rose Ann 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPersons living with dementia (PLWD) are at risk for chronic wounds; however, they are rarely included in research.ObjectivesTo inform practice and research directions, the aim of this integrative review was to identify and synthesise previous knowledge about the characteristics of chronic wounds in PLWD, in terms of chronic wound types, prevalence, setting and interventions.DesignA literature search was conducted for publications in English using PubMed, Web of Science and CINAHL. The minimum information required for inclusion was how many PLWD enrolled in the study had wounds.MethodsThis integrative review followed the Whittemore and Knafl methodology. Data extraction and synthesis were guided by a directed content analysis, with a coding structure based on an initial review of the literature.ResultsThirty‐six articles met the inclusion criteria. The majority were missing characteristics of PLWD including severity of dementia and race/ethnicity/nationality, and none mentioned skin tone. Most focused on pressure injuries in the nursing home and acute care setting. Few included information on interventions. Only one discussed challenges of wound care for a PLWD exhibiting aggression.ConclusionThere is a gap in the literature regarding PLWD and chronic wounds other than pressure injuries that are common in older adults (e.g. diabetic foot ulcers, venous leg ulcers). Research is warranted among those PLWD who live alone and those who receive wound care from family caregivers to understand experiences. Knowledge can inform the development of future novel interventions for wound healing. Future research is needed regarding chronic wounds in those who exhibit behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia.Relevance to Clinical PracticeNurses that care for chronic wounds in PLWD can contribute their knowledge to include information in guidelines on best care practices and contribute their perspective to research teams for future research.
Expression of oxytocin receptors and oxytocin assisted electroejaculation in the domestic cat (Felis catus)
Authors: Tiptanavattana Narong , Pakdeesanaeha Thitida , Thongsima Thitiporn , Techarungchaikul Sirichai , Tharasanit Theerawat 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOxytocin is a peptide hormone that mainly functions to control the contractility of smooth muscles and sex‐related steroidogenesis in male reproductive tracts. However, specific information concerning this hormone in controlling the reproductive organs of cats is limited. This study aimed to investigate the expression of oxytocin receptors (OTRs) and their signal mediator via prostacyclin synthase (PTGIS) in reproductive structures following oxytocin assisted electroejaculation. In Experiment 1, the testis, cauda epididymis and vas deferens from five cats were examined by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction in order to study the responses of OTR and PTGIS mRNA to oxytocin injection. Experiment 2 examined the effect of oxytocin administration prior to electroejaculation on ejaculate characteristics and sperm quality in terms of motility, viability and fertilizing ability. Immunohistochemistry revealed the expression of OTRs in Leydig's, peritubular myoid cells and some spermatogenic cells. The expression was found in the epithelium and smooth muscle of the epididymis and vas deferens. After oxytocin administration, the OTR mRNA was upregulated in the epididymis (p > .05) and vas deferens (p = .01). The expression level of PTGIS mRNA increased in the response to oxytocin treatment only for the vas deferens (p > .05). Oxytocin treatment before electroejaculation resulted in an approximately twofold increase in sperm concentration and total sperm output/ejaculate, while this intervention did not significantly affect ejaculate volume, sperm quality or fertilizing ability. This study concluded that the oxytocin cascade is locally present in the reproductive structures and plays a role in promoting sperm delivery during electroejaculation in cats.
Ceci n'est pas un État: The Order of Malta and the Holy See as precedents for deterritorialized statehood?
Authors: Allen Emma , Prost Mario 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSinking island States have become allegories of the Anthropocene and a symbol of the radical violence of climate change. Various theories have been advanced supporting the continued existence of sunken islands as deterritorialized States. A common view among advocates of the deterritorialized statehood thesis is that, while at odds with the dominant concept of States as territorial entities, it is supported by precedent. In this article, we engage critically with this strand of argument and argue that the appeal to precedent raises important paradoxes for the continuation thesis. We seek to make clear that a landless State in the full sense of the term is a proposition for which there is, in actual fact, no precedent in international law and that some of the precedents that are cited in support of deterritorialised statehood—such as the Order of Malta and the Holy See—are precedents of non‐State sovereign entities. Pursuing deterritorialized existence on the basis of those precedents would therefore involve a downgrade from State to non‐State status, an outcome we show to be normatively undesirable.
Quantitative comparison of dose–effect and time–course of fluticasone furoate and fluticasone propionate in adult and adolescent patients with persistent asthma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhong Ying , Li Lujin , Chen Rui , Zheng Qingshan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to quantitatively compare the efficacy of fluticasone furoate (FF) and fluticasone propionate (FP) in adolescents and adults with asthma. We searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases for placebo‐controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria. Pharmacodynamic models were established to describe the time–course of the primary outcome (trough forced expiratory volume in the first second [FEV1]). Secondary outcomes (asthma symptoms, quality of life and exacerbations) were also compared via a meta‐analysis. A total of 14 articles were included in the analysis, involving 6640 subjects. The efficacy plateau of the two drugs could be reached in 2 weeks. The changes from the baseline in trough FEV1 (95% CI) at week 2 of FF at 200 and 100 μg/day were 0.168 L (0.064–0.199) and 0.127 L (0.048–0.163), respectively. The changes from the baseline in trough FEV1 (95% CI) at week 2 of FP at 1000, 500, 250 and 100 μg/day were 0.133 L (0.049–0.171), 0.127 L (0.043–0.163), 0.117 L (0.039–0.150) and 0.093 L (0.032–0.129), respectively. The efficacy of FP had reached a plateau at the maximum evaluated dose (1000 μg/day), while a plateau effect was not seen at the maximum evaluated dose of FF (200 μg/day). In terms of secondary outcomes, the relative effects of the two drugs relative to the placebo were similar and did not show obvious dose–effect relationships. In this study, the time–course and dose–effect characteristics of FP, FF and placebo were quantitatively evaluated, providing necessary quantitative information for asthma‐related guidelines.
Is routine blood typing and screening necessary before primary total hip or knee arthroplasty in the 21st century?
Authors: Nuñez Jorge H. , Mora Lidia , Carbonell Carla , Barro Víctor , Casaccia Marcelo , Pérez Marta , Minguell Joan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundBlood loss warranting transfusion is a relatively rare complication of major‐joint arthroplasty procedures like total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA). Despite this rarity, pre‐transfusion testing (blood typing, screening, and cross‐matching) has become routine. We sought to determine if such routine testing is necessary for patients who undergo a primary TKA or THA by (1) measuring the current rate of intraoperative transfusions in primary TKA and THA patients, (2) identifying risk factors for transfusions, and (3) calculating the costs of such blood typing and screening.Study MethodsWe retrospectively examined the records of 992 patients who underwent primary TKA, THA, or unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) to identify patients requiring intra‐operative or in‐hospital postoperative transfusions. Demographic and baseline clinical and laboratory data also were collected and analyzed to identify predictors of transfusion. Cost analysis was performed.ResultsThe rate of intraoperative transfusion was 1.7% (17/992 patients), with rates of 2.1%, 1.6%, and 0% for TKA, THA, and UKA respectively. The in‐hospital transfusion rate was 10.3%, with corresponding postoperative transfusion rates of 9.1%, 12.9%, and 2%. The only baseline variable significantly linked to transfusions on multivariable analysis was preoperative hemoglobin level, with preoperative Hgb <12 g/dl predictive of transfusions in both TKA (p = .02) and THA (p = .024) patients.DiscussionOur study suggests that pre‐transfusion testing for all patients undergoing primary UKA, TKA or THA is unnecessary. We recommend reserving routine pre‐transfusion testing for patients with preoperative hemoglobin levels below 12 g/dl.
Profit‐raising entry under oligopolistic trade with endogenous input prices
Authors: Naylor Robin , Soegaard Christian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFirms which face the threat of import competition from foreign rivals are conventionally seen as favouring import protection. We show that this is not necessarily the case when domestic firms’ input prices are determined endogenously. In a framework where the input price is determined through contracting with an upstream agent, which could be an input supplier or a labour union, the relationship between a domestic downstream firm's profits and the number of foreign competitors depends on trade costs and the curvature of the demand function. If trade costs are sufficiently high, an increase in the number of foreign entrants can raise the profits of a downstream firm in a home market characterised by Cournot competition. For any concave and linear demand function and for any demand function which is not ‘too convex’, this occurs due to the upstream agent moderating its input price allowing downstream firms to increase profits. For sufficiently convex demand functions, on the other hand, profit‐raising entry still occurs, albeit through a substantively different mechanism, and depending upon the extent to which an increase in the input price is passed on to the final consumer.