bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of potential laser-induced degradation in remote standoff Raman spectroscopy for wall paintings
Authors: Li Yu , Suzuki Amelia , Cheung Chi Shing , Gu Yuda , Kogou Sotiria , Liang Haida 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA mobile remote standoff Raman spectroscopy system operational at typical distances of 10 m was developed specifically for research of historical sites and wall paintings recently. Here we present an upgrade to that system informed by a thorough experimental investigation of the relevant laser-induced degradation issues. Reflectance spectroscopy as a more sensitive technique than Raman spectroscopy was used for monitoring and a new phenomenon of reversible alterations was detected in many paint samples at very low laser intensities of less than 1 W/cm2 when Raman measurements detected no changes. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the intensity threshold for safe operation was found to decrease significantly for larger incident irradiation area in the case of a vermilion oil paint sample. Damage threshold in intensity for each material needs to be determined for different spot sizes, which can be orders of magnitude lower for 1 mm spot size compared with micro-Raman. Results from this study is also relevant to portable Raman systems which use similarly large spot sizes. However, the larger spot size still generates more Raman photons overall under safe operation than micro-Raman systems. Continuous-wave (CW) lasers are found to be best suited to efficient, that is more Raman signal detected over a given measurement time, and safe Raman operation than ns-pulse lasers at the same wavelength. While the damage threshold in intensity for ns-pulse lasers is much higher than that of CW lasers, the pulse energy allowed in one pulse for safe operation is still too low to allow detection of Raman signal, and the need for multiple pulses makes pulse laser inefficient owing to the low repetition rate necessary to ensure adequate heat dissipation between pulses. The safety of the upgraded system was evaluated and found that no permanent laser-induced degradation was detected within 60 s of laser irradiation for any of the paint samples.
Adab as a Way of Life: Towards an Ethical Turn in History
Authors: Gubara Dahlia , Wick Alexis 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Like ancient philosophy in Pierre Hadot’s conception, the polysemic notion of adab in the Arabic-Islamic tradition was a way of life, and not merely a scholarly discipline or cultural field. This essay explores this proposition in reference to the life and work of the Palestinian historian Ṭarīf al-Khālidī, where adab has been a central locus of reflection. Although steeped in present-day historical, literary, and philosophical discussions, we argue that al-Khālidī’s approach has an uncanny resemblance to classical conceptions of adab and thereby invites a re-examination of current scholarly practices, presaging an ethical turn in the study of history.
Al-Balādhurī’s Prophet’s Biography: Narrative in Service of Politics
Authors: Rihan Mohammad A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The monumental multi-volume work Ansāb al-ashrāf, authored by Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-Balādhurī, represents an intellectual edifice recognized by many scholars. However, this paper endeavors to discuss in depth the first volume of it, which al-Balādhurī dedicated to the life of the Prophet Muḥammad, and attempts to show that the underlying reasons for writing another biography of the Prophet—in an age where the Sīrah of the Prophet was well established—were mainly political and personal, linked in particular to the rule of the ʿAbbāsids. It aimed to legitimize ʿAbbāsid rule by systematically and subtly enhancing the role of ʿAbbāsid symbols and ancestry in the formation of early Islam, mainly by linking the eponym of the ʿAbbasid dynasty, al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, to a positive image of the Prophet.
Emotion Words in Spanish: Lexical Selection, Affective Dimensions, Sex and Age Differences
Authors: Díaz José-Luis , Barraza Georgina , Hernández-Fuentes Eduardo , Jiménez Said 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study proposes a method for selection and analysis of words that refer to emotions. A comparison of 380 synonyms corresponding to the six basic emotions in 15 Spanish thesauri resulted in 43 terms. Respondents of an online survey (n = 980) stated whether they recognized and used each word and how often they experienced the designated emotion, which resulted in 23 terms. The correlation matrix for the selected terms frequencies and a multivariate analysis of the data revealed three affective dimensions: anger, fear, and satisfaction. The frequency for the terms was higher for women, who reported more panic and irritation than men. In both, the frequency of the negative emotions of fear and sadness decrease with age, while pleasure, satisfaction, and indignation increase. The results suggest the existence of three affective dimensions (anger/repulsion, fear/sorrow, and satisfaction/admiration), which have been recognized in neurobiological, ecological, ethological, and evolutionary models.
Procedure for Identifying Metaphorical Scenes (pims): A Cognitive Linguistics Approach to Bridge Theory and Practice
Authors: Falck Marlene Johansson , Okonski Lacey 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Over the past decades, several procedures have been developed to identify metaphors at the lexical level. However, because language is complex, there may not be one superior metaphor identification procedure that applies to all data. Moreover, metaphor identification inevitably involves decisions on linguistic form that may not work equally well with all linguistic frameworks. We introduce a Procedure for Identifying Metaphorical Scenes (pims) reflected and evoked by linguistic expressions in discourse. The procedure is a prerequisite for the identification of metaphorical meaning that extends over phrases or longer stretches of text other than those defined as lexical units in current metaphor identification procedures and better reflects the Cognitive Linguistic (cl) view that linguistic meaning is equal to complex conceptualizations (Langacker, 2002, 2010), embodied (Gibbs, 2006b), and simulation-based (Bergen, 2012). It takes the scenes evoked by the context into account and focuses on the experiences that are coded by the linguistic constructions.
Multidisciplinary Difficult Airway Team Characteristics, Airway Securement Success, and Clinical Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pandian Vinciya , Ghazi Talha U. , He Marielle Qiaoshu , Isak Ergest , Saleem Abdulmalik , Semler Lindsay R. , Capellari Emily C. , Brenner Michael J. 
Published: October 2022

Objective: To investigate whether implementation of a multidisciplinary airway team was associated with improvement in (1) rate of successful airway securement at first attempt; (2) time to secure airway; and (3) overall complication rate in patients with a difficult airway, as compared with usual care. Data Sources: Ovid Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Central, and CINAHL databases. Review Methods: Systematic review of literature on inpatient multidisciplinary team management of difficult airways, including all studies performed in inpatient settings, excluding studies of ventilator weaning, flight/military medicine, EXIT procedures, and simulation or educational studies. DistillerSR was used for article screening and risk of a bias assessment to evaluate article quality. Data was extracted on study design, airway team composition, patient characteristics, and clinical outcomes including airway securement, complications, and mortality. Results: From 5323 studies screened, 19 studies met inclusion criteria with 4675 patients. Study designs included 12 quality improvement projects, 6 cohort studies, and 1 randomized controlled trial. Four studies evaluated effect of multidisciplinary difficult airway teams on airway securement; all reported higher first attempt success rate with team approach. Three studies reported time to secure the difficult airways, all reporting swifter airway securement with team approach. The most common difficult airway complications were hypoxia, esophageal intubation, hemodynamic instability, and aspiration. Team composition varied, including otolaryngologists, anesthesiologists, intensivists, nurses, and respiratory care practitioners. Conclusion: Multidisciplinary difficult airway teams are associated with improved clinical outcomes compared to unstructured emergency airway management; however, studies have significant heterogeneity in team composition, algorithms for airway securement, and outcomes reported. Further evidence is necessary to define the clinical efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and best practices relating to implementing difficult airway teams in inpatient settings.
Characterization of polyester composites reinforced with natural fibers from Luffa cylindrica
Authors: Paula Edgley AdeO , Melo Rafael Rodolfo de , Silva Manoel Qd , Paula Yara Ld , Pimenta Alexandre S , Souza Joana Alice Gd , Oliveira Ramona RAd , Paula Edjane AdO , Medeiros Neto Pedro Nd , Rodolfo Francisco 
Published: October 2022

Concerns about global warming, environmental preservation, overexploitation of raw materials, and the development of new technologies are increasing. This has been attracting increasing interest in composites reinforced with natural fibers, mainly to replace synthetic materials. In this context, the present research work aimed to demonstrate the technical feasibility of the production of polyester-polymeric-matrix composites reinforced with fibers of Luffa cylindrica and a hybrid with fiberglass. The composites' physical properties (density, moisture content, water absorption, and thickness swelling) and mechanical properties (tensile, bending strength, and Rockwell hardness (RH)) were assessed. The composites were produced through cold pressing in a closed mold. The experiment was performed according to an entirely randomized design with two replicates per treatment and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 95% probability. The results demonstrated that the reinforcement with the Luffa fibers promoted a decrease in the density of the composites, with a minimum value of 1.01 g cm−3. In the assays of tensile strength, the reinforced composite presented a value of 10.20 MPa for this property, while for the bending strength, the value was 18.04 MPa. When the Luffa fibers were employed in the hybrid composite, the bending strength reached 105.12 MPa. In general, the composites reinforced with the plant fibers and the hybrid had physical and mechanical properties permitting their employment for several end-uses, according to the characteristics of each one. The new composites are partially biodegradable, sustainable, and light.
Does Differential Maxillary Expansion Prior to Alveolar Cleft Bone Grafting Affect Nasal Width?
Authors: Green Mark A. , Zoida Joseph C. , Padwa Bonnie L. 
Published: October 2022

Objective Determine the effects of differential maxillary expansion on nasal width in patients with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus with or without cleft of the secondary palate (UCLA ± P). Design Retrospective radiographic study. Setting Institutional. Participants Forty patients with UCLA ± P who had alveolar bone grafting (ABG) between 2015 and 2020 and available preexpansion and postexpansion cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Twenty patients with UCLA ± P who underwent ABG without expansion were included as controls. Main Outcome Measure Percent change in width at the nasal pyriform, inferior turbinates, and alar base on cleft and noncleft sides. Results The study included 40 patients (24 males, mean age 9.6 years) and 20 controls (10 males, mean age 10.1 years). After maxillary expansion, there was an increase in width on the cleft and noncleft sides compared to nonexpanded controls at nasal pyriform (10.9% cleft side, P ≤ 0.001 and 4.3% noncleft side, P ≤ .001), inferior turbinate (8.7%, P ≤ .001 and 4.5%, P = .01), and alar base (6.7%, P = <.001 and 0.8% P = .54). The increase in width was greater on the cleft side than the noncleft side at the nasal pyriform (7.1%, P ≤ .001), inferior turbinate (4.3%, P ≤ .001), and alar base (7.0%, P ≤ 0.001) in the expansion group. There was good to excellent intra-rater and inter-rater agreement for measurements. Conclusion Patients with UCLA ± P who undergo differential maxillary expansion before ABG exhibit greater nasal widening on the cleft side.
Person-centered Maternity Care Among Mothers Who Gave Birth in South Wollo Zone Public Hospitals, Northeastern Ethiopia: A Mixed-method Study
Authors: Dagnaw Fentaw Teshome , Kehali Kiddus Yitbarek , Agago Tesfamichael Alaro , Hailemeskel Habtamu Shimels 
Published: October 2022

Background: Globally, less attention has been given to the abuse and disrespect observed during maternity care. Person-centered maternity care is providing care that is respectful and responsive to individual women’s preferences and needs and that their values guide all clinical decisions during childbirth. In Ethiopia, person-centered health care is one of the factors that increase client satisfaction and health service utilization. Therefore, we aimed to determine the level of person-centered maternity care among mothers who gave birth in health facilities of South Wollo Zone public hospitals, Northeastern, Ethiopia, 2019 using a mixed-method study. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted using both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. Three hundred sixty-nine study participants were selected for the quantitative study using simple random sampling. Twelve study participants were selected for the qualitative study using purposive sampling. The quantitative data was coded and entered into Epi data 4.4 version and the analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23. Descriptive statics was presented using tables and figures. Thematic analysis was used for qualitative data and presented with the quantitative result through triangulation. Result: The Percentage mean score of the person-centered maternity care scale of the respondents was 64% of the total expected score. Whereas, the percentage means score sub-scales were 81.9%, for dignity and respect, 56.4% for communication and autonomy and 61.6% for supportive care. Most mothers who participated in an in-depth interview reported that there is not enough bed, delivery coach and bedpan in government hospitals. Conclusion and recommendations: Person-centered maternity care in health facilities of South Wollo Zone public hospitals is low. Therefore, responsible health sectors should work to improve the quality of care through effective communication between clients and providers and a supportive environment is crucial to succeeding in increasing the uptake of high-quality facility-based births.
Preparation and physical properties of conductive silk fabrics used in wearable clothes and flexible supercapacitors
Authors: Khairy M , Kamal R , Mousa MA 
Published: October 2022

The present work was designed to study several functions of Silk coated with polyaniline (PANI), graphene oxide (GO), and a composite of PANI@GO. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, and thermal analysis. The investigated fabrics' resistivity, weight gain, tensile strength, elongation, and antimicrobial efficiency were monitored according to ASTM procedures. The FTIR spectra show the presence of the GO and PANI functional groups in the treated fabrics, and the SEM images show the formation of coating materials on the silk surface. The electrical conductivity of the coated silk with composite PANI@GO is 29 times higher than that of the uncoated one. The heat generation efficiency of the studied fabrics is in the order: of PANI@GO-SL > PANI-SL > GO-SL > SL. All coated silk samples have antimicrobial activity in the order: PANI@GO-SL > PANI-SL > GO-SL > SL. The results showed that the PANI@GO-SL sample exhibits the highest specific capacitance of all the coated silk electrodes with 450 Fg−1 at 10 mVs−1, which renders PANI@GO-SL fabric a promising electrode material for supercapacitors. The capacitance value of the symmetric capacitor of PANI@GO-SL/PVA/PANI@GO-SL using PVA-H3PO4 gel as an electrolyte is 71.2 Fg−1 at a current density of one Ag−1 and 87.4% retention at 5000 cycles. The Ragone plot of the symmetric cell showed the highest energy density is 25.31 Wh/kg and a power density of 8018 W/kg. The results suggest using coated silk (PANI@GO-SL) prepared via low-cost processing as smart textiles for different applications.
Risks of long-term use of proton pump inhibitor on ischemic vascular events: A distributed network analysis of 5 real-world observational Korean databases using a common data model
Authors: Kim Yerim , Seo Seung In , Lee Kyung Joo , Kim Jinseob , Yoo Jong Jin , Seo Won-Woo , Shin Woon Geon 
Published: October 2022

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are frequently prescribed drugs. However, it has been suggested that they are associated with an increased risk of ischemic vascular events (IVE) including stroke, although the data are inconsistent. Aims: We investigated the association between PPIs use and IVE in five observational Korean databases using a common data model (CDM). Methods: This study included patient-based retrospective, observational cohort data of subjects aged over 18 years between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2020, from five medical centers as part of the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) CDM. Subjects who were included in both cohorts or had a previous history of ischemic stroke were excluded. After propensity matching, 8007 propensity-matched pairs between the PPIs and H2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) users were included in this study. Results: In the 1:1 propensity score matching with 8007 in each group, long-term PPIs use (⩾365 days) was not associated with ischemic stroke (odds ratio (OR) = 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71–1.56; I2 = 57%), ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.71–1.48; I2 = 53%), and net adverse clinical events (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 0.83–1.40; I2 = 47%) compared with H2RAs users. Conclusions: Our analysis in a large dataset found no evidence that long-term use of PPIs was associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke.
Intraoperative hypotension during surgical treatment for Marfan syndrome scoliosis in children
Authors: Li Jiayi , Zhao Mengqi , Yao Ziming , Zhang Xuejun , Guo Dong , Zhao Xin , Zhang Weiping 
Published: October 2022

Purpose: To explore the occurrence and risk factors of intraoperative hypotension during children’s Marfan syndrome scoliosis surgery and summarize the associated hemodynamic features and handle measures. Methods: Twenty-two Marfan syndrome scoliosis patients who underwent spinal surgery at Beijing Children’s Hospital were retrospectively reviewed between January 2001 and January 2020. Intraoperative hypotension is defined as the minimum mean arterial pressure ≤ 60 mm Hg. The patients were divided into the hypotension group and the control group. Clinical, radiographic, and operative data were compared between the two groups. The risk factors, hemodynamic features, and handle measures for intraoperative hypotension in Marfan syndrome scoliosis surgery were analyzed and summarized. Results: Twenty-two patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 11.4 years at initial surgery. The follow-up period ranged from 24 to 152 months. Intraoperative hypotension occurred in 14 cases, with an incidence of 63.6%. The proportion of pulmonary dysfunction in the hypotension group was higher than in the control group (100.0% vs 50.0%, p < 0.05). The spinal flexibility was significantly lower in the hypotension group (28.3% ± 14.2% vs 46.5% ± 11.5%, p < 0.05). Fourteen patients with intraoperative hypotension had decreased intraoperative systolic blood pressure 21.0%–50.0% compared with baseline. One patient had a transient decrease in the muscle strength of the lower limbs. No complications were observed during the follow-up. Conclusion: The incidence of intraoperative hypotension in Marfan syndrome scoliosis children who underwent surgery was 63.6%. The risk factors included preoperative pulmonary dysfunction and poor spinal flexibility. Comprehensive preoperative evaluation and effective hemodynamic handling measures should be undertaken to prevent further complications in children with Marfan syndrome scoliosis.
Treatment of Insertional Achilles Tendinosis With Polyurethane Urea–Based Matrix Augmentation
Authors: Cuttica Daniel J. , Neufeld Steven K. , Baird Michael , Levy Jeffrey A. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction Surgical treatment for insertional Achilles tendinosis (IAT) sometimes requires tendon repair augmentation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of polycaprolactone-based polyurethane urea (PUUR) matrix augmentation in the treatment of IAT. Methods A retrospective review was performed in surgically treated IAT. Repairs were augmented with a PUUR matrix. Factors evaluated included date of full weightbearing, patient satisfaction, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain score, strength, and ankle motion. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare baseline and final follow-up VAS scores. Results A total of 18 cases were included in the study. The mean patient age was 54.61 ± 8.25 (40-75) years with a mean follow-up of 163.61 ± 57.81 (92-314) days. Patient satisfaction was obtained on 15 of 18 patients, with 14 patients satisfied with their outcome. Mean VAS for pain significantly decreased from 6.19 ± 1.97 (2.5-9) to 0.83 ± 1.54 (0-5) postoperatively, which was statistically significant (P < .01). Conclusion Achilles tendon augmentation with the PUUR matrix is a viable option in the treatment of IAT. Its use in this condition has minimal morbidity and can be an alternative to other forms of augmentation. Levels of Evidence: Level IV: Retrospective case series
Are News Effects Necessarily Asymmetric? Evidence from Bangladesh Stock Market
Authors: Bose Shekar , Rahman Hafizur 
Published: October 2022

The primary objective of this paper is to empirically examine the nature and statistical significance of the news effect on conditional volatility of unpredictable components of stock returns. Daily stock return data of 12 local and multinational companies on Dhaka Stock Exchange Ltd., Bangladesh, for the period 1990 to 2011 were used in this study. The likelihood of asymmetric effects of news on conditional volatility was tested using a set of diagnostics under the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) framework. The results fail to reject the null hypothesis of symmetric effects, thereby suggesting that the conditional volatility of unpredictable components of stock returns is affected equally by positive and negative news. The robustness of the results was further checked by using three widely used asymmetric models, namely exponential GARCH (EGARCH), Glosten, Jagannathan & Runkle (GJR)-GARCH, and a partially non-parametric Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (PNP-ARCH) models. Yet again, the results do not provide any evidence of significant asymmetric effects in the volatility process. In addition, the descriptive results confirm the stylized facts of unpredictable return series such as non-normal distribution, time variant conditional volatility, and persistence in return volatility. Collectively these findings, perhaps, indicate the adequacy of the GARCH (1,1) model in representing the data generating process. A number of regulatory and behavioral factors that are anticipated to be accountable for the absence of asymmetric news effects are underlined. Finally, some policy implications of the results and possible extensions of the present paper are also conveyed. JEL codes: G10, G12, G14