bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Evaluation of the Measurement of Interleukin-1β as Salivary Biomarker in Periodontitis Patients with and without Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Dharshini A. Divya , Jeevitha M. , Jayaraman Selvaraj 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Periodontitis is characterized by inflammatory destruction of connective tissue, loss of periodontal attachment, and resorption of the alveolar bone. Because of its activity as an inflammatory mediator as well as a modulator of the extracellular matrix and bone, the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β.
Aim: The study aimed to evaluate Interleukin-1β as a salivary biomarker in periodontitis patients with and without diabetes mellitus.
Materials and methods: The study included 30 patients, 15 males and 15 females, ranging in age from 30 to 60 years old. Group A: Clinically healthy, Group B: Periodontitis with diabetes mellitus, and Group C: Periodontitis without diabetes mellitus were the three groups of patients under this investigation. Expectoration into sterile bulbs was used to collect whole unstimulated saliva from all patients. Following that, collected samples are sent to the laboratory, where the amount of IL-1β, as a periodontal disease marker was determined using the ELISA sandwich technique. The data were statistically analysed using One-Way ANOVA. The Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test was used to test the significance at the levels of p<0.05.
Results: IL-1β level was found to be significantly higher (p<0.05) in periodontitis with diabetes mellitus (75 ±7 pg/L) when compared with patients with periodontitis only (45.06±7 pg/L) compared with healthy controls (36.37±5.6 pg/L).
Conclusion: From the study, it was concluded that IL-1β level was significantly increased with periodontitis patients, and patients with periodontitis and diabetes mellitus, when compared to patients with clinically healthy group. In summary, diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases are closely associated with each other. Salivary IL-1β level can be used as a biomarker in early diagnosis of chronic periodontitis in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Comparative Evaluation of Anti-diabetic Potential of Aqueous Seed Extracts of Momordica charantia, Seed Kernel Extract of Mangifera indica and Its Herbal Formulation – an in vitro Study
Authors: Reddy Chevuru Sai Shreya , Gayathri R. , Priya V. Vishnu , Selvaraj J. , Kavitha S. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: A condition in which the body’s ability gets impaired to process blood glucose level is called diabetes, otherwise known as blood sugar. It ranked sixteenth among leading causes of death around the globe. There are estimated 72.96 million cases diagnosed with diabetes in the adult population of India. Momordica charantia possess anti-diabetic, anti hyperglycemic and anti inflammatory properties. Mangifera indica is traditionally used to treat diarrhoea, cancer, diabetes and tooth aches.
Aim: Aim of this study is to analyse comparative evaluation of anti-diabetic potential of aqueous seed extracts of Momordica charantia, seed kernel extract of Mangifera indica through in vitro analysis.
Methods: Momordica charantia and Mangifera indica were collected from local farms, and the extracts were analysed for its phytochemicals. Antioxidant and Anti-diabetic potential of the seed extract were evaluated along with standards. The data were analysed statistically by a one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test was used to see the statistical significance among the groups. The results with the p<0.05 level were considered to be statistically significant.
Results: Momordica charantia and Mangifera indica and its herbal formulation showed significant antioxidant and anti-diabetic potential.
Conclusion: The results showed both the seed and seed kernel extracts of Momordica charantia and Mangifera indica possessed anti-diabetic activity but the herbal formulation possessed much more significant anti-diabetic activity than the individual extract.
Reconstruction of Interdental Papilla in Esthetic Zone using Hyaluronic Acid Gel: A Clinical Prospective Study
Authors: Kapoor Shalini , Bhardwaj Amit 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Interdental papilla deficiency or black triangles are considered to be one of the most challenging dilemmas in esthetic dentistry. Various invasive techniques with less success have been introduced for interdental papilla regeneration. So, to overcome the limitations a non-invasive technique with greater predictability and patient comfort has been introduced using Hyaluronic acid gel (HA). In the present study, the efficacy of 2% Hyaluronic acid gel on interdental papilla enhancement was evaluated clinically along with photographic analysis (Image J Software) and its effect on gingival fibroblast cell culture lines was observed.
Aim: To evaluate the changes in buccal triangle dimensions i.e. buccal triangle area (BTA), buccal triangle width (BTW), buccal triangle height (BTH) at baseline and 6 months using commercially available 2% HA gel and to check the effect of HA on proliferative abilities of gingival fibroblast cell culture lines.
Materials and Methods: 60 sites in 15 patients were selected and were randomly divided into test and control group. The Test Group received commercially available 2% HA gel and the control group received saline as a placebo. All the clinical measurements, photographs were taken at 3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months and comparisons among test and control groups were done both for clinical measurements and Image J analysis of photographs for interdental papilla enhancement. MTT assay and XTTT assay was done to check the effect of 2% HA gel on proliferative abilities of gingival fibroblast in cell culture lines.
Results: HA treated sites showed gradual and constant improvement in interdental papilla enhancement while the control sites did not show any improvement. Complete interdental papilla reconstruction was seen in 63.3% of test sites at 6 months and 365 of test sites showed partial interdental papilla reconstruction. HA gel has a positive effect on the proliferative and migratory abilities of gingival fibroblast.
Conclusion: HA is a noninvasive voluminizing alternative treatment modality for interdental papilla deficiency. It is biocompatible as it does not cause an adverse reaction. HA gel has a strong effect on the migratory and proliferative abilities of gingival fibroblasts.
Oral Manifestations of COVID-19 in Adult Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Astudillo Jackeline Beatriz Pedrosa , Monrroy Catherine Andrea Vallejo , López Miriam Fernanda Ortega , Fernández Celia María Pulgarin , Pico José Luis Do , Montiel Ronald Roossevelt Ramos 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: It is currently considered that patients with COVID-19 may present certain common oral lesions of the oral cavity; However, in medically compromised patients, such as diabetics, hypertensive individuals, those suffering from obesity or heart disease there is an increased risk of developing ulcers, recurrent blisters on the palatal mucosa, burning sensation, dry mouth (xerostomia) and reduced saliva production, due to alteration of the mucosal barrier in the respiratory tract, thus presenting a broad differential diagnosis in the evolution of the disease.
Objective: The objective was to identify the oral manifestations of COVID-19 in adult patients.
Data: A database registry of n = 1956 was established, of which 100 studies were selected for this review, distributed: 36% from Europe, 26% from Asia, 26% from South America and 12% from North America.
Sources: Extensive electronic research was carried out in the databases: PubMed, Scopus, Epistemonikos, Web of Science, Springer, Lilacs, Latindex, Redalyc, Bireme, Scielo.org and the reports of the World Health Organization and the Pan-American Health Organization.
Study Selection: The research strategy was based on Medical Subject Heading terms, along with Health Sciences Descriptors. Certain descriptors were amplified for the Elsevier COVID-19 oral disease database and resources.
Conclusion: Dysgeusia would be one of the initial oral manifestations of the COVID-19. Health workers would have a new resource for the early diagnosis of asymptomatic patients or those in initial stages of COVID-19, through the effective collaboration between the team from the Critical Care Unit and the Dentistry Service.
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Baby Shampoo
Authors: Kumar N. Rajesh , Dineshkumar T. , Hariharan K. , Krishnan A. V.  Navaneetha , Pavitharani C. , Subash S. , Manikandan P. , Kumar M. Surendra 
Published: February 2022

Shampoos are most probably used as cosmetics. In general, hair care products are used for cleaning scalp and also used for beautifying agents. It contains suitable additives preservatives and active ingredients. The purpose of using shampoo is to remove dirt that is build up on the hair without stripping out much of this bum. The herbal shampoo popularized due to formulated from herbal sources which is safer with milder effect. In this study, herbal shampoo was formulated containing suitable ingredient such as Lawsonia inermis (L) Henna), Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Neem), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L (Hibiscus), Ficus benghalensis L. (Banyan), Phyllanthus emblica L. (Amla), Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. (Ritha), Senegalia rugata (Lam.) Britton & Rose. (Shikakai) and Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. (Aloe vera) different proportions to formulate and evaluate its physicochemical properties. Marketed crude products of the above-mentioned herbal drugs were used in the formulation of herbal shampoo. Ritha and Shikakai when shaken with water create rich foam impact. Amla fruit and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. flowers are used to promote hair growth, anti-dandruff agent, strengthen hairs, and prevent hair fall. Dried roots of Ficus benghalensis (Banyan) produce Lustrous effects on hairs. H. rosa-sinensis flower and Aloe vera (L) used as a conditioning agent and also moisturizing agent. The formulated herbal shampoo was evaluated for its physical and chemical stability.
Estimation of Salivary pH, Salivary Amylase in Patients with Oral cancer, Pre and Postoperatively -A Comparative Study
Authors: Shah Sherin Salim , Sequeira Joyce P. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Saliva has been studied for so long and it almost stands hand in hand with other diagnostic tests which could possibly replace blood in disease diagnosis and monitoring. Salivary pH and salivary amylase levels are an excellent predictor of the oral environment and salivary gland health, hence, estimating these characteristics is a reasonable method of assessing a patient’s risk of disease onset, severity, and prognosis.
Aims: The aim of the study was to compare salivary pH, salivary amylase, pre and postoperatively in oral cancer patients.
Study Design: The study is a comparative study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yenepoya Dental College, Mangalore between October 2020 and October 2021.
Methodology: We included 24 patients (20 men, 4 women; age range 40-70 years) who were histopathologically confirmed oral cancer patients. For every patient saliva was collected preoperatively on the day of surgery and postoperatively 5 days after the surgery. Salivary pH was measured using pH meter and salivary amylase was measured using color spectrophotometry.
Results: A significant increase in salivary pH was observed post operatively (7.07) as compared to the preoperative values (6.63). A significant decrease in salivary amylase value was observed post operatively (147.13) as compared to preoperative values(147.88) both salivary pH and salivary amylase values were statistically significant.
Conclusion: There was an increase in salivary pH postoperatively and decrease in salivary amylase levels in postoperatively. However, an increase in sample size with further research should be carried out to further authenticate the study.
Effects of Fasting and Administration of Octreotide Acetate and Ulinastatin on Clinical Outcomes of Pancreatic Fistula After Pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Abe Kyohei , Futagawa Yasuro , Shiba Hiroaki , Furukawa Kenei , Onda Shinji , Kanehira Masaru , Sakamoto Taro , Uwagawa Tadashi , Ishida Yuichi , Yanaga Katsuhiko 
Published: February 2022

Objective
Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) following pancreaticoduodenectomy is the most serious complication of these surgical procedures; therefore, we examined the effectiveness of fasting, and administration of octreotide acetate and ulinastatin as a method of prevention.

Summary of Background Data
Although various drug therapies and surgical techniques have been used for the treatment of POPF, no decisive treatment for POPF exists.

Methods
The clinical course of 30 patients who developed POPF was retrospectively evaluated and compared among no dietary intake (n = 18), octreotide acetate (n = 8), and ulinastatin (n = 8) using an overlapping design. Patients were allocated to either the dietary intake or fasting (no dietary intake) group, and those in the no dietary intake group were further divided into the octreotide acetate or ulinastatin group.

Results
Length of hospitalization was longer for the no dietary intake group than for the dietary intake group (P = 0.002). When considering only grade B or C POPF cases, the no dietary intake group had a longer length of hospitalization and a higher white blood cell count on day 7 after the diagnosis of POPF than the dietary intake group (P &lt; 0.05). The white blood cell count was also higher in the octreotide acetate group than in the ulinastatin group (P = 0.021). The length of hospitalization was shorter in the ulinastatin group than in the octreotide acetate group (P = 0.025).

Conclusions
The use of no dietary intake, octreotide acetate, and ulinastatin does not seem to contribute to the clinical course of patients with POPF after pancreatoduodenectomy.
Development of Whole Genome‐Scale Base Editing Toolbox to Promote Efficiency of Extracellular Electron Transfer in Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1
Authors: Chen Yaru , Fang Lixia , Ying Xiang , Cheng Meijie , Wang Lin , Sun Panxing , Zhang Zhaoyu , Shi Liang , Cao Yingxiu , Song Hao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractShewanella oneidensis MR‐1, as a model electroactive microorganism (EAM) for extracellular electron transfer (EET) study, plays a key role in advancing practical applications of bio‐electrochemical systems (BES). Efficient genome‐level manipulation tools are vital to promote EET efficiency; thus, a powerful and rapid base editing toolbox in S. oneidensis MR‐1 is developed. Firstly a CRISPR/dCas9‐AID base editor that shows a relatively narrow editing window restricted to the “−20 to −16” range upstream of the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) is constructed. Cas9 is also confined by its native PAM requirement, NGG. Then to expand the editable scope, the sgRNA and the Cas‐protein to broaden the editing window to “−22 to −9” upstream of the PAM are engineered, and the PAM field to NNN is opened up. Consequently, the coverage of the editable gene is expanded from 89% to nearly 100% in S. oneidensis MR‐1. This whole genome‐scale cytidine deaminase‐based base editing toolbox (WGcBE) is applied to regulate the cell length and the biofilm morphology, which enhances the EET efficiency by 6.7‐fold. WGcBE enables an efficient deactivation of genes with full genome coverage, which would contribute to the in‐depth and multi‐faceted EET study in Shewanella.
From Chain Growth to Step Growth Polymerization of Photoreactive Poly‐ε‐Caprolactone: The Network Topology of Bioresorbable Networks as Tool in Tissue Engineering
Authors: Thijssen Quinten , Parmentier Laurens , Augustyniak Edyta , Mouthuy Pierre‐Alexis , Van Vlierberghe Sandra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractControl of the network topology by selection of an appropriate cross‐linking chemistry is introduced as a new strategy to improve the elasticity and toughness of bioresorbable networks. The development of novel photocross‐linkable and bioresorbable oligomers is essential for the application of light‐based 3D‐printing techniques in the context of tissue engineering. Although light‐based 3D‐printing techniques are characterized by an increased resolution and manufacturing speed as compared to extrusion‐based 3D‐printing, their application remains limited. Via chemical modification, poly‐ε‐caprolactone (PCL) is functionalized with photoreactive end groups such as acrylates, alkenes, and alkynes. Based on these precursors, networks with different topologies are designed via chain growth polymerization, step growth polymerization, or a combination thereof. The influence of the network topology and the concomitant cross‐linking chemistry on the thermal, mechanical, and biological properties are elucidated together with their applicability in digital light processing (DLP). Photocross‐linkable PCL with an elongation at break of 736.3 ± 47% and an ultimate strength of 21.3 ± 0.8 MPa is realized, which is approximately tenfold higher compared to the current state‐of‐the‐art. Finally, extremely elastic DLP‐printed dog bones are developed which can fully retrieve their initial length upon stress relieve at an elongation of 1000%.
High‐Frequency Surface Dynamics at an Electroactive Polymer Producing Underwater Soundwaves
Authors: Visschers Fabian L. L. , Massaad Jack , van Neer Paul L. M. J. , Verweij Martin D. , Liu Danqing , Broer Dirk J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCoatings with dynamic surface structures are appealing to many applications like haptics and soft robotics. Restrictively, the speed of the surface dynamics in these coatings is often limited to frequencies below 1 kHz, which makes them unsuitable for applications like acoustics and communication optics. This work describes a method to create high‐frequency surface dynamics controlled by alternating electric fields on a substrate‐contact‐modulated coating that consists of an elastic poly(dimethyl siloxane) network supported by SU‐8 microstructures. The principle is based on the global application of Maxwell stress that is locally resisted by the supporting SU‐8 microstructures. In‐between the microstructures the elastic material is stretched, causing a large deformation of the surface topography, which is supported by the authors’ finite element method models. By applying a high‐frequency alternating field, they discovered resonance effects at frequencies up to 230 kHz, where the surface of the coating vibrates at high speeds and large amplitudes. At these high frequencies, the coatings can produce and detect ultrasound waves underwater, indicating their potential for ultrasound transducers in the future.
Electronic Structures of Group III–V Element Haeckelite Compounds: A Novel Family of Semiconductors, Dirac Semimetals, and Topological Insulators
Authors: Khazaei Mohammad , Ranjbar Ahmad , Kang Yoon‐Gu , Liang Yunye , Khaledialidusti Rasoul , Bae Soungmin , Raebiger Hannes , Wang Vei , Han Myung Joon , Mizoguchi Hiroshi , Bahramy Mohammad S. , Kühne Thomas D. , Belosludov Rodion V. , Ohno Kaoru , Hosono Hideo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe family of III–V element compounds (i.e., XY compounds; X = B, Al, Ga, In, or Tl; Y = N, P, As, or Sb) have been intensively investigated for several decades because of their enormous applications for many optoelectronic devices. Here, by employing first‐principles calculations, the electronic structures of bulk XY haeckelite compounds are examined. It is identified that InSb (TlN and TlP) is Dirac semimetal (are strong topological insulators). The other fifteen XY compounds are semiconducting. The effect of biaxial and uniaxial tensile and compressive strains on the electronic structures are studied. These materials offer diverse topological orders. The semiconducting band gaps are mainly found between the bonding and antibonding states of the mixed X(p)–Y(p) orbitals at the top of the valence band and the bottom of the conduction bands, respectively. The topological insulating nature of the XY compounds is explained based on the degenerate px + py orbitals and their orbital energies relative to the pz orbitals near the Fermi energy. The nontrivial band topologies of TlN and TlP are confirmed by calculating the Z2 (1;000) index, surface states, and Wilson loop calculations. The bands split into two branches by including spin‐orbit interaction. The results demonstrate that haeckelite compounds are fascinating materials with broad potential applications in optoelectronics and possessing the possibility of hosting emergent physical phenomena.
Quinone‐Amine Polymer Nanoparticles Prepared through Facile Precipitation Polymerization as Ultrafast and Ultralong Cycle Life Cathode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Shi Yeqing , Yang Junkai , Yang Jixing , Wang Zhuanping , Chen Zifeng , Xu Yunhua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPolymer electrode materials are often poorly soluble in liquid organic electrolytes of lithium‐ion batteries, yet they suffer from issues of severe agglomeration and complicated synthesis processes, which hinder their practical applications. Herein, spherical cross‐linked quinone‐amine polymer nanoparticles (denoted as PQANPs) are synthesized through a facile precipitation polymerization, which can effectively address the agglomeration problems of polymer electrode materials. The cross‐linking degrees of polymers and diameters of PQANPs can be facilely tuned by adjusting the feed ratios of p‐benzoquinone to 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine. The optimized PQANP demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance with an ultrafast rate capability of 25 A g−1 and an ultralong cycle life of 20 000 cycles, which exceed all benzoquinone‐based polymer electrode materials reported in the literature. The findings offer an efficient and convenient strategy for high‐performance nanostructured polymer electrode materials.
Ultrahigh Pt‐Mass‐Activity Hydrogen Evolution Catalyst Electrodeposited from Bulk Pt
Authors: Liu Luan , Wang Yan , Zhao Yongzhi , Wang Yong , Zhang Zili , Wu Tong , Qin Wanjun , Liu Sijia , Jia Baorui , Wu Haoyang , Zhang Deyin , Qu Xuanhui , Chhowalla Manish , Qin Mingli 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMaximizing the Pt utilization is important for the widescale implementation of Pt‐based hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts, owing to the scarcity of Pt. Here, three‐component heterostructured HER catalysts with ultrahigh Pt mass activity in which hollow PtCu alloy nanospheres are supported on an array of WO3 on Cu foam, are reported. It has been pointed out that the use of Pt counter electrode in a three‐electrode configuration in evaluating catalysts’ HER performances in acidic media carries the risk of contaminating the working electrode in previous reports. Here, the authors rationally utilize this “contaminating” to “activate” low‐HER‐activity materials, maximizing the Pt utilization. As a result, ultrahigh Pt mass activity is achieved, that is 1.35 and 10.86 A mg−1Pt at overpotentials of 20 and 100 mV, respectively, 27 and 13 times higher than those of commercial Pt/C catalysts, outperforming some state‐of‐the‐art Pt‐single‐atom catalysts. The hollow sphere structure and PtCu alloying increase the number and reactivity of active sites. Density function calculations and electrochemical experiments reveal that the synergy between WO3 and Pt is also responsible for the high HER activity where the hydrogen spillover effect triggers the Volmer–Heyrovsky mechanism and promotes the rapid removal of H* from Pt to re‐expose the active sites.