bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural variation in root exudation of GABA and DIMBOA impacts the maize root endosphere and rhizosphere microbiomes
Authors: Wang Peng , Lopes Lucas Dantas , Lopez-Guerrero Martha G , van Dijk Karin , Alvarez Sophie , Riethoven Jean-Jack , Schachtman Daniel P 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Root exudates are important for shaping root-associated microbiomes. However, studies on a wider range of metabolites in exudates are required for a comprehensive understanding about their influence on microbial communities. We identified maize inbred lines that differ in exudate concentrations of 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) using a semi-hydroponic system. These lines were grown in the field to determine the changes in microbial diversity and gene expression due to varying concentrations of DIMBOA and GABA in exudates using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and metatranscriptomics. Results showed individual and interaction effects of DIMBOA and GABA on the rhizosphere and root endosphere β-diversity, most strongly at the V10 growth stage. The main bacterial families affected by both compounds were Ktedonobacteraceae and Xanthomonadaceae. Higher concentrations of DIMBOA in exudates affected the rhizosphere metatranscriptome, enriching for metabolic pathways associated with plant disease. This study validated the use of natural variation within plant species as a powerful approach for understanding the role of root exudates on microbiome selection. We also showed that a semi-hydroponic system can be used to identify maize genotypes that differ in GABA and DIMBOA exudate concentrations under field conditions. The impact of GABA exudation on root-associated microbiomes is shown for the first time.
The Right to Adequate Child Support in Jordan: The Implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
Authors: Hilal Ghofran , Al-Zu’bi Hadeel , Hilal Thawab 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Child support is an internationally recognized child’s right. It should be viewed as a basic human right and therefore treated accordingly by lawmakers and legal practitioners. In Jordan, child support is mainly regulated by the Jordanian Personal Status Law (JPSL), which is directly derived from Islamic law. However, Jordan is also a signatory state of the United Nation Convention on the Rights of the Child of 1989 (CRC). Thus, it is crucial to understand what the JPSL is currently pertaining to child support while presenting and comparing its provisions with the obligations under the International Human Rights Law. The article outlines ways in which the domestic judiciary system could utilize the CRC to provide an effective implementation of a child’s right to adequate financial support in line with the main principles of the CRC.
The 3D recording of the so-called Spreti sarcophagus in the Basilica of San Vitale (Ravenna, Italy)
Authors: Ugolotti Greta , Collina Federica , Zambruno Simone , Cornaglia Marco , Iannucci Alessandro , Urcia Alberto 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article presents our experience in digitizing a Late Antique sarcophagus using and combining two different recording methods: Structure from Motion (SfM) and Structured Light Scanning. Due to preservation purposes, it was necessary to obtain a reliable 3D digital reproduction of the artifact to perform observations, measurements, and produce graphic layouts for possible forthcoming restorations. The employment of two recording techniques (hardware + software) was necessary to overcome some loss of data that were registered during the acquisition phase. Each method showed some failure in detecting or processing portions of the object surface, mainly due to the mechanical properties of the material (marble) on which the sarcophagus is made.
WIYN open cluster study: The old open cluster, NGC 188, and a re-evaluation of Lithium-richness among red giants
Authors: Sun Qinghui , Deliyannis Constantine P , Twarog Bruce A , Anthony-Twarog Barbara J , Cummings Jeffrey D , Steinhauer Aaron 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
We present WIYN1/Hydra spectra of 34 red giant candidate members of NGC 188, which, together with WOCS2 and Gaia data yield 23 single members, 6 binary members, 4 single non-members, and 1 binary non-member. We report [Fe/H] for 29 members and derive [Fe/H]NGC188 = +0.064 ± 0.018 dex (σμ) (sky spectra yield A(Fe)⊙ = 7.520 ± 0.015 dex (σμ)). We discuss effects on the derived parameters of varying Yale-Yonsei isochrones to fit the turnoff. We take advantage of the coolest, lowest gravity giants to refine the line list near Li 6707.8 Å. Using synthesis we derive detections of A(Li)3 = 1.17, 1.65, 2.04, and 0.60 dex for stars 4346, 4705, 5027, and 6353, respectively, and 3σ upper limits for the other members. Whereas only two of the detections meet the traditional criterion for ‘Li-richness’ of A(Li) &gt; 1.5 dex, we argue that since the cluster A(Li) vanish as subgiants evolve to the base of the RGB, all four stars are Li-rich in this cluster’s context. An incidence of even a few Li-rich stars in a sample of 29 stars is far higher than what recent large surveys have found in the field. All four stars lie either slightly or substantially away from the cluster fiducial sequence, possibly providing clues about their Li-richness. We discuss a number of possibilities for the origin for the Li in each star, and suggest potentially discriminating future observations.
Sizing from the smallest scales: the mass of the Milky Way
Authors: Rodriguez Wimberly M K , Cooper M C , Baxter D C , Boylan-Kolchin M , Bullock J S , Fillingham S P , Ji A P , Sales L V , Simon J D 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
As the Milky Way and its satellite system become more entrenched in near field cosmology efforts, the need for an accurate mass estimate of the Milky Way’s dark matter halo is increasingly critical. With the second and early third data releases of stellar proper motions from Gaia, several groups calculated full 6D phase-space information for the population of Milky Way satellite galaxies. Utilizing these data in comparison to subhalo properties drawn from the Phat ELVIS simulations, we constrain the Milky Way dark matter halo mass to be ∼1–1.2 × 1012 M⊙. We find that the kinematics of subhaloes drawn from more- or less-massive hosts (i.e. &gt;1.2 × 1012 M⊙ or &lt;1012 M⊙) are inconsistent, at the 3σ confidence level, with the observed velocities of the Milky Way satellites. The preferred host halo mass for the Milky Way is largely insensitive to the exclusion of systems associated with the Large Magellanic Cloud, changes in galaxy formation thresholds, and variations in observational completeness. As more Milky Way satellites are discovered, their velocities (radial, tangential, and total) plus Galactocentric distances will provide further insight into the mass of the Milky Way dark matter halo.
On the physical size of the Milky Way globular cluster NGC 7089 (M2)
Authors: Piatti Andrés E 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
We study the outer regions of the Milky Way globular cluster NGC 7089 based on new Dark Energy Camera observations. The resulting background-cleaned stellar density profile reveals the existence of an extended envelope. We confirm previous results that cluster stars are found out up to ∼1° from the cluster’s centre, which is nearly three times the value of the most robust tidal radii estimations. We also used results from direct N-body simulations in order to compare with the observations. We found a fairly good agreement between the observed and numerically generated stellar density profiles. Because of the existence of gaps and substructures along globular cluster tidal tails, we closely examined the structure of the outer cluster region beyond the Jacobi radius. We extended the analysis to a sample of 35 globular clusters, 20 of them with observed tidal tails. We found that if the stellar density profile follows a power law ∝ r−α, the α slope correlates with the globular cluster present mass, in the sense that, the more massive the globular cluster, the smaller the α value. This trend is not found in globular clusters without observed tidal tails. The origin of such a phenomenon could be related, among other reasons, to the proposed so-called potential escapers or to the formation of globular clusters within dark matter minihaloes.
Magnetic field structure in the vicinity of a supermassive black hole in low-luminosity galaxies: the case of Sgr A*
Authors: Nathanail Antonios , Dhang Prasun , Fromm Christian M 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Observations of $\rm Sgr A^{*}$ have provided a lot of insight on low-luminosity accretion, with a handful of bright flares accompanied with orbital motion close to the horizon. It has been proposed that gas supply comes from stellar winds in the neighborhood of the supermassive black hole. We here argue that the flow at the vicinity of the black hole has a low magnetization and a structure of alternating polarity, totally dictated by the well-studied and long-ago proposed MRI turbulent process. This can be the case, provided that in larger distances from the black hole magnetic diffusivity is dominant, and thus, the magnetic field will never reach equipartition values. For $\rm Sgr A^{*}$, we show the immediate consequences of this specific magnetic field geometry, which are: (i) an intermittent flow that passes from quiescent states to flaring activity, (ii) no quasi-steady-state jet, (iii) no possibility of a magnetically arrested configuration. Moreover, a further distinctive feature of this geometry is the intense magnetic reconnection events, occurring as layers of opposite magnetic polarity, accreted in the vicinity of the black hole. Finally, we argue that the absence of a jet structure in such case will be a smoking gun in 43 and 86 GHz observations.
A photon-controlled diode with a new signal-processing behavior
Authors: Feng Shun , Han Ruyue , Zhang Lili , Liu Chi , Li Bo , Zhu Honglei , Zhu Qianbing , Chen Wei , Cheng Hui-Ming , Sun Dong-Ming 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The photodetector is a key component in optoelectronic integrated circuits. Although there are various device structures and mechanisms, the output current changes either from rectified to fully-on or from fully-off to fully-on after illumination. A device that changes the output current from fully-off to rectified should be possible. We report the first photon-controlled diode based on a n/n− molybdenum disulfide junction. Schottky junctions formed at the cathode and anode either prevent or allow the device to be rectifying, so that the output current of the device changes from fully-off to rectified. By increasing the thickness of the photogating layer, the behavior of the device changes from a photodetector to a multifunctional photomemory with the highest non-volatile responsivity of 4.8 × 107 A/W and the longest retention time of 6.5 × 106 s reported so far. Furthermore, a 3 × 3 photomemory array without selectors shows no crosstalk between adjacent devices and has optical signal-processing functions including wavelength and power-density selectivity.
Postural balance in frequent lucid dreamers: a replication attempt
Authors: Picard-Deland Claudia , Allaire Max-Antoine , Nielsen Tore 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
Early research suggests that the vestibular system is implicated in lucid dreaming, e.g. frequent lucid dreamers outperform others on static balance tasks. Furthermore, gravity-themed dreams, such as flying dreams, frequently accompany lucid dreaming. Nonetheless, studies are scarce.

Methods
We attempted to: (1) replicate previous findings using more sensitive static balance measures and (2) extend these findings by examining relationships with dreamed gravity imagery more generally. 131 participants (80 F; Mage=24.1 ± 4.1 yrs) estimated lucid dreaming frequency then completed a 5-day home log with ratings for dream lucidity awareness, control, and gravity sensations (flying, falling). They then performed balance tasks on a sensitive force plate, i.e. standing on one or both feet, with eyes open or closed. Center of pressure (CoP) Displacement and CoP Velocity on each trial measured postural stability.

Results
Findings partially support the claim of a vestibular contribution to lucid dreaming. Frequent lucid dreamers displayed better balance (lower CoP Velocity) than did other participants on some trials and lucid dreaming frequency was globally correlated with better balance (lower CoP Velocity). Lower CoP Velocity was related to flying sensations in men’s dreams and with more dream control in women’s dreams. However, body height—possibly due to its relationship to sex—and levels of sleepiness confound some of these effects.

Conclusion
While findings only provide a partial replication of previous work, they nonetheless support an emerging view that the vestibular system underlies basic attributes of bodily self-consciousness, such as feelings of self-agency and self-location, whether such consciousness occurs during wakefulness or dreaming.
Sleep disorders, daytime symptoms, and quality of life in veterans with multiple sclerosis: preliminary findings
Authors: Aljundi Nawar A , Kelly Monica , Zeineddine Salam , Salloum Anan , Pandya Nishtha , Shamim-Uzzaman Q Afifa , Badr Amira N , Mitchell Michael N , Sankari Abdulghani , Badr M Safwan , Martin Jennifer L 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease impacting the central nervous system. A hallmark symptom of MS is fatigue, which impairs daytime function and quality of life (QOL). Sleep disorders and disturbances are common in persons with MS and exacerbate fatigue. We evaluated relationships between sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), insomnia symptoms, sleep quality, and daytime functioning in veterans with MS participating in a larger study.MethodsTwenty-five veterans with clinically diagnosed MS were included (average age = 57 ± 11, 80% male). One had a co-occurring thoracic spinal cord injury. Twenty-four participants completed in-laboratory polysomnography (PSG) to measure apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and sleep efficiency (PSG-SE). Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to measure sleep subjectively. The Flinders Fatigue Scale (FFS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), PHQ-9 depression scale, and GAD-7 anxiety scale assessed daytime symptoms. The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) was used to assess quality of life. Relationships between sleep (AHI, PSG-SE, ISI, PSQI), daytime symptoms (ESS, FFS, PHQ-9, and GAD-7), and quality of life (WHOQOL) were evaluated with bivariate correlations.ResultsHigher ISI (r = 0.78, 95% CI = [0.54, 0.90], p &lt; .001), higher PSQI (r = 0.51, 95% CI = [0.10, 0.77], p = .017), and lower PSG-SE (r = −0.45, 95% CI = [−0.74, −0.02], p = .041) were associated with worse fatigue (FFS). Higher ISI was also associated with worse WHOQOL (Physical Domain; r = −0.64, 95% CI = [−0.82, −0.32], p = .001). There were no other significant relationships.ConclusionIn veterans with MS, more severe insomnia and worse sleep quality may be associated with more fatigue and lower quality of life. Recognition and management of insomnia should be considered in future studies of sleep in MS.
Relationships Between Cognitive Screening Composite Scores and Pain Intensity and Pain Disability in Adults With/At Risk for Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Crowley Sam , Mickle Angela M. , Wiggins Margaret E. , Cardoso Josue , Lai Song , Tanner Jared J. , Staud Roland , Fillingim Roger B. , Price Catherine C. , Sibille Kimberly T. 
Published: May 2022

Objectives:
Chronic pain, cognitive deficits, and pain-related disability are interrelated. The prevalence of chronic pain and undiagnosed cognitive difficulties in middle age and older adults is increasing. Of the cognitive systems, executive function and episodic memory are most relevant to chronic pain. We examined the hypothesis that cognitive screening composite scores for executive function and memory would negatively associate with pain intensity and pain disability in a group of middle-aged and older adults with knee pain with or at risk for osteoarthritis.

Methods:
A total of 120 adults (44 men/76 women), an average age of 59 years, participated in the study. Demographic, health history, clinical pain, and cognitive measures were completed. Relationships between pain intensity, pain disability, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) total and composite scores were examined with relevant covariates in the model.

Results:
MoCA raw scores ranged from 13 to 30 with a mean score of 23.9. Pain intensity was negatively associated with overall MoCA total and executive function and memory composite scores. Pain disability over the previous 6 months was negatively associated with executive function, while pain disability over the past 48 hours was not associated with executive function.

Conclusion:
The results of the current study demonstrates associations between pain metrics and cognitive domain scores within a common cognitive screening tool.
Recurrence of Primary and Secondary Keloids in a Select African American and Afro-Caribbean Population
Authors: Margiotta Elysa , Ramras Sean , Shteynberg Aleksandr 
Published: May 2022

Background
Keloid formation occurs with increased incidence in African Americans and Afro-Caribbeans when compared with other ethnic populations. Although surgical management and nonsurgical management of keloids are mainstays of treatment, there are significant variations within studies comparing the efficacy of intraoperative steroid injection, postoperative radiotherapy, or a combination of both modalities. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the efficacy of different treatment modalities used for treatment of keloids and to determine their recurrence in a select Afro-Caribbean population.

Methods
A retrospective review of the plastic surgery case list from January 2015 to October 2019 was conducted, with identification of 46 Afro-Caribbean and African American patients with 56 keloids. Each patient was contacted to determine whether they had experienced recurrence of their keloid(s). Eighteen patients were lost to follow-up, resulting in 28 patients with 35 keloids included in our study. The treatment protocol involved surgical excision for all keloids, with selective additional triamcinolone 40 mg/mL injection intraoperatively, immediate postoperative radiotherapy, or intraoperative triamcinolone injection with postoperative radiotherapy. Recurrence rates between the different treatment groups were calculated, and statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, with a value of P < 0.05 deeming statistical significance.

Results
Our study demonstrates that postoperative recurrence rates of primary and secondary keloids were 43% and 58%, respectively. Results of recurrence rate varied by specific treatment modality; keloid excision yielded a rate of only 54%, keloid excision with postoperative radiation yielded a rate of 83%, keloid excision with intraoperative triamcinolone injection yielded a rate of 33%, and keloid excision with a combination of intraoperative triamcinolone injection and postoperative radiation yielded a rate of 33%.

Conclusion
Patients of Afro-Caribbean and African American ethnicity are more heavily affected by the formation of keloids compared with other population groups. Results of varying modalities for keloid management demonstrate that patients who received a combination of excision with intraoperative triamcinolone injection, with or without postoperative radiation, had the lowest recurrence rates compared with other treatment protocols including excision alone and excision with postoperative radiation only.
Off-the-Shelf Nipple Engineering
Authors: Vernice Nicholas A. , Caughey Sarah , Berri Nabih , Harris Jason , Matavosian Alicia , Dong Xue , Bender Ryan J. , Bonassar Lawrence , Spector Jason A. 
Published: May 2022

Background
Nipple reconstruction is widely regarded as the final step in postmastectomy breast reconstruction. While grafts, local flaps, or combination approaches have been used in nipple reconstruction, none has been able to achieve reliable long-term projection preservation. In response, we have sought to bioengineer neonipples in situ via the implantation of processed, decellularized cartilage xenografts placed within 3-dimensional–printed polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds.

Materials and Methods
External nipple scaffolds were designed in-house and 3-dimensional–printed with PLA filament. Decellularized ovine xenograft infill was prepared and processed by mincing or zesting. All nipple scaffolds were placed subcutaneously on the dorsa of Sprague-Dawley rats and explanted after 1, 3, and 6 months for analysis.

Results
Explanted nipple scaffolds demonstrated gross maintenance of scaffold shape, diameter, and projection with accompanying increases in tissue volume. Histologic analyses revealed preservation of native cartilage architecture after 6 months without evidence of degradation. Analysis of formed tissue within the scaffolds revealed a progressive invasion of fibrovascular tissue with identifiable vascular channels and adipose tissue after 6 months in vivo. Confined compression testing revealed equilibrium moduli of both minced and zested samples that were within the expected range of previously reported human nipple tissue, while these data revealed no differences in the mechanical properties of the neotissue between time points or processing techniques.

Conclusions
These preliminary data support potential use of decellularized allograft to foster healthy tissue ingrowth within a PLA scaffold, thereby offering a novel solution to current limitations in nipple reconstruction.
Extensive patient-to-patient single nuclei transcriptome heterogeneity in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas
Authors: Brazda Peter , Ruiz-Moreno Cristian , Megchelenbrink Wout , Timmers Henri J L M , Stunnenberg Hendrik G. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTPheochromocytomas (PC) and paragangliomas (PG) are rare neuroendocrine tumors of varied genetic makeup, associated with high cardiovascular morbidity and a variable risk of malignancy. The source of the transcriptional heterogeneity of the disease and the underlying biological processes determining the outcome in PCPG remains largely unclear. We focused on PCPG tumors with germline SDHB and RET mutations, representing distinct prognostic groups with worse or better prognoses, respectively. We applied single-nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) on tissue samples from 11 patients and found high patient-to-patient transcriptome heterogeneity of the neuroendocrine tumor cells. The tumor microenvironment also showed heterogeneous profiles mainly contributed by macrophages of the immune cell clusters and Schwann cells of the stroma. Performing non-negative matrix factorization we identified common transcriptional programs active in RET and SDHB as well as distinct modules? including neuronal development, hormone synthesis and secretion, and DNA replication. Comparison of the SDHB and RET transcriptomes with that of developmental stages of adrenal gland formation suggests different developmental stages at which PC and PG tumors appear to be arrested.