bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ion Compensation of Buried Interface Enables Highly Efficient and Stable Inverted MA‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Yu , shen Yang , Tang Weijian , Wu Yihui , Luo Weidong , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning , Zhang Shengli , Zhang Wen‐Hua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe development of inorganic hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) is one of the most reliable ways to improve the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the un‐optimal buried interfacial contacts and the defects located at the inorganic HTMs/perovskite interface restricted the device's performance. Herein, a phase‐pure CuScO2 has been synthesized and further employed as mesoporous HTM in inverted PSCs. Surprisingly, a facile pretreatment of the hole‐transport layer by a formamidine salt compensates the I− vacancy of the buried perovskite film, thus regulating the interfacial band energy alignment between the HTM and perovskite. This ion compensation strategy can not only in situ repair the ion loss and improve the built‐in electric field, but also decrease the charge injection barrier and suppress the non‐radiative interfacial recombination. Benefiting from these merits, the resulting methylammonium‐free (MA), Cs/FA‐based PSCs displays a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.42% along with excellent thermal and light stability. Moreover, the pre‐buried treatment strategy can be extended to MA‐containing CsFAMA triple‐cation perovskite film, and a champion inverted device delivers a PCE of 23.11%. This study offers a new avenue to the rational design of HTMs for highly efficient and stable PSCs.
Eliminating the Micropore Confinement Effect of Carbonaceous Electrodes for Promoting Zn‐Ion Storage Capability
Authors: Wang Li , Peng Mengke , Chen Jierui , Hu Ting , Yuan Kai , Chen Yiwang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractZinc‐ion capacitors (ZICs) are promising technology for large‐scale energy storage by integrating the attributes of supercapacitors and zinc‐ion batteries. Unfortunately, the insufficient Zn2+‐storage active sites of carbonaceous cathode materials and the mismatch of pore sizes with charge carriers lead to unsatisfactory Zn2+ storage capability. Herein, new insights for boosting Zn2+ storage capability of activated nitrogen‐doped hierarchical porous carbon materials (ANHPC‐x) are reported by effectively eliminating the micropore confinement effect and synchronously elevating the utilization of active sites. Therefore, the best‐performed ANHPC‐2 delivers impressive electrochemical properties for ZICs in terms of excellent capacity (199.1 mAh g−1), energy density (155.2 Wh kg−1), and durability (65 000 cycles). Systematic ex situ characterizations together with in situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and Raman spectra measurements reveal that the remarkable electrochemical performance is assigned to the synergism of the Zn2+, H+, and SO42− co‐adsorption mechanism and reversible chemical adsorption. Furthermore, the ANHPC‐2‐based quasi‐solid‐state ZIC demonstrates excellent electrochemical capability with an ultralong lifespan of up to 100 000 cycles. This work not only provides a promising strategy to improve the Zn2+ storage capability of carbonaceous materials but also sheds lights on charge‐storage mechanism and advanced electrode materials’ design for ZICs toward practical applications.
Reversible Phase Transition for Durable Formamidinium‐Dominated Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Liu Huifen , Li Nengxu , Chen Zehua , Tao Shuxia , Li Chunlei , Jiang Lang , Niu Xiuxiu , Chen Qi , Wang Feng , Zhang Yu , Huang Zijian , Song Tinglu , Zhou Huanping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhase instability is one of the major obstacles to the wide application of formamidinium (FA)‐dominated perovskite solar cells (PSCs). An in‐depth investigation on relevant phase transitions is urgently needed to explore more effective phase‐stabilization strategies. Herein, the reversible phase‐transition process of FA1−xCsxPbI3 perovskite between photoactive phase (α phase) and non‐photoactive phase (δ phase) under humidity, as well as the reversible healing of degraded devices, is monitored. Moreover, through in situ atomic force microscopy, the kinetic transition between α and δ phase is revealed to be the “nucleation–growth transition” process. Density functional theory calculation implies an enthalpy‐driven α‐to‐δ degradation process during humidity aging and an entropy‐driven δ‐to‐α healing process at high temperatures. The α phase of FA1−xCsxPbI3 can be stabilized at elevated temperature under high humidity due to the increased nucleation barrier, and the resulting non‐encapsulated PSCs retain >90% of their initial efficiency after >1000 h at 60 °C and 60% relative humidity. This finding provides a deepened understanding on the phase‐transition process of FA1−xCsxPbI3 from both thermodynamics and kinetics points of view, which also presents an effective means to stabilize the α phase of FA‐dominated perovskites and devices for practical applications.
Balanced Interfacial Ion Concentration and Migration Steric Hindrance Promoting High‐Efficiency Deposition/Dissolution Battery Chemistry
Authors: Liu Zhexuan , Li Lanyan , Qin Liping , Guo Shan , Fang Guozhao , Luo Zhigao , Liang Shuquan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe solid–liquid transition reaction lays the foundation of electrochemical energy storage systems with high capacity, but realizing high efficiency remains a challenge. Herein, in terms of thermodynamics and dynamics, this work demonstrates the significant role of both interfacial H+ concentration and Mn2+ migration steric hindrance for the high‐efficiency deposition/dissolution chemistry of zinc–manganese batteries. Specially, the introduction of formate anions can buffer the generated interfacial H+ to stabilize interfacial potential according to the Nernst equation, which stimulates high capacity. Compared with acetate and propionate anions, the formate anion also provides high adsorption density on the cathode surface to shield the electrostatic repulsion due to the small spatial hindrance. Particularly for the solvated Mn2+, the formate‐anion‐induced lower energy barrier of the rate‐determining step during the step‐by‐step desolvation process results in lower polarization and higher electrochemical reversibility. In situ tests and theoretical calculations verify that the electrolyte with formate anions achieve a good balance between ion concentration and ion‐migration steric hindrance. It exhibits both the high energy density of 531.26 W h kg‐1 and long cycle life of more than 300 cycles without obvious decay.
Revival of Ferroelectric Memories Based on Emerging Fluorite‐Structured Ferroelectrics
Authors: Park Ju Yong , Choe Duk‐Hyun , Lee Dong Hyun , Yu Geun Taek , Yang Kun , Kim Se Hyun , Park Geun Hyeong , Nam Seung‐Geol , Lee Hyun Jae , Jo Sanghyun , Kuh Bong Jin , Ha Daewon , Kim Yongsung , Heo Jinseong , Park Min Hyuk 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOver the last few decades, the research on ferroelectric memories has been limited due to their dimensional scalability and incompatibility with complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The discovery of ferroelectricity in fluorite‐structured oxides revived interest in the research on ferroelectric memories, by inducing nanoscale nonvolatility in state‐of‐the‐art gate insulators by minute doping and thermal treatment. The potential of this approach has been demonstrated by the fabrication of sub‐30 nm electronic devices. Nonetheless, to realize practical applications, various technical limitations, such as insufficient reliability including endurance, retention, and imprint, as well as large device‐to‐device‐variation, require urgent solutions. Furthermore, such limitations should be considered based on targeting devices as well as applications. Various types of ferroelectric memories including ferroelectric random‐access‐memory, ferroelectric field‐effect‐transistor, and ferroelectric tunnel junction should be considered for classical nonvolatile memories as well as emerging neuromorphic computing and processing‐in‐memory. Therefore, from the viewpoint of materials science, this review covers the recent research focusing on ferroelectric memories from the history of conventional approaches to future prospects.
Enhanced Rashba Splitting of Au(111) Surface States with Hydrogen‐Bonded Melamine‐Based Organic Framework
Authors: Moue Rena , Kokubo Yuta , Mukai Kozo , Mizushima Hirotaka , Fukushima Yuto , Kawaguchi Kaishu , Kondo Takeshi , Harasawa Ayumi , Yoshinobu Jun , Mase Kazuhiko , Shin Shik , Kanai Kaname 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMolecular adsorption on noble‐metal surfaces influences the Rashba effect in the Shockley surface state (SS), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Melamine is a simple molecule with a symmetric backbone consisting of a heterocyclic ring. It self‐assembles into a rosette‐like superstructures on Au(111) via double intermolecular hydrogen bonds. In this study, the growth process and structure of this hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF) using low‐energy electron diffraction and X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy is revealed. Above room temperature, it is impossible for melamine to be adsorbed on Au(111) as a monomer, but it is adsorbed collectively as a hydrogen‐bonding network. The melamine HOF has a characteristic hexagonal honeycomb structure (MHC), which significantly affects both the structure and electronic states of Au(111). A theoretical approach reveals that MHC induces a hexagonal periodic deformation in the structure of Au(111) and introduces a new periodic potential in the surface electronic system. Angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements of MHC/Au(111) indicate that the bulk sp band is strongly folded back, enhancing the Rashba splitting of the SS of Au(111). Furthermore, spin‐ and angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy reveals that the enhanced Rashba splitting of the SS by the MHC is the largest reported to date for the adsorption system on Au(111).
Genetically Engineered Hematopoietic Stem Cells Deliver TGF‐β Inhibitor to Enhance Bone Metastases Immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Beilei , Bai Jinyu , Tian Bo , Chen Hao , Yang Qianyu , Chen Yitong , Xu Jialu , Zhang Yue , Dai Huaxing , Ma Qingle , Fei Ziying , Wang Heng , Xu Fang , Zhou Xiaozhong , Wang Chao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOwing to the immune microenvironment of bones and low selectivity of the drug, patients with bone metastases often respond poorly to immunotherapy. In this study, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1)‐expressing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are genetically engineered for bone‐targeted delivery of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) small‐molecule inhibitor SB‐505124 (SB@HSCs‐PD‐1). Intriguingly, compared to anti‐PD‐L1 monoclonal antibodies, as “living drugs”, HSCs‐PD‐1 not only show great targeting ability to the bone marrow, but are also able to reduplicate themselves within the bone marrow niche and continuously express PD‐1 molecules. The SB released from HSCs‐PD‐1 competitively bound to TGF‐β receptors on CD4+ T cells and facilitate CD4+ T cell differentiation to helper T (TH)1 and TH2 cells, thereby reprogramming the local immunosuppressive milieu of the bone marrow. Additionally, HSCs‐PD‐1 can block programmed death‐ligand 1 on tumor and myeloid cells, resulting in reinvigorated anti‐tumor immunity of T cells. In conclusion, in the present study, an alternative cell engineering strategy is delineated for immune checkpoint blockade therapy, to target bone metastasis using HSCs as a platform, which shows great promise in the treatment of bone metastases.
Designing 3D Anode Based on Pore‐Size‐Dependent Li Deposition Behavior for Reversible Li‐Free All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Park Se Hwan , Jun Dayoung , Lee Gyu Hyeon , Lee Seong Gyu , Jung Ji Eun , Bae Ki Yoon , Son Samick , Lee Yun Jung 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLi‐free all‐solid‐state batteries can achieve high energy density and safety. However, separation of the current collector/solid electrolyte interface during Li deposition increases interfacial resistance, which deteriorates safety and reversibility. In this study, a reversible 3D porous anode is designed based on Li deposition behavior that depends on the pore size of the anode. More Li deposits are accommodated within the smaller pores of the Li hosting anode composed of Ni particles with a granular piling structure; this implies the Li movement into the anode is achieved via diffusional Coble creep. Surface modification of Ni with a carbon coating layer and Ag nanoparticles further increases the Li hosting capacity and enables Li deposition without anode/solid electrolyte interface separation. A Li‐free all‐solid‐state full cell with a LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode shows an areal capacity of 2 mAh cm−2 for retaining a Coulombic efficiency of 99.46% for 100 cycles at 30 °C.
Semi‐Synthetic Glycoconjugate Vaccine Lead Against Acinetobacter baumannii 17978
Authors: Sianturi Julinton , Priegue Patricia , Hu Jing , Yin Jian , Seeberger Peter H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAcinetobacter baumannii is a opportunistic bacterial pathogen responsible for serious nosocomial infections that is becoming increasingly resistant against antibiotics. Capsular polysaccharides (CPS) that cover A. baumannii are a major virulence factor that play an important role in pathogenesis, are used to assign serotypes and provide the basis for vaccine development. Synthetic oligosaccharides resembling the CPS of A. baumannii 17978 were printed onto microarray slides and used to screen sera from patients infected with A. baumannii as well as a monoclonal mouse antibody (mAb C8). A synthetic oligosaccharide emerged from glycan array screening as lead for the development of a vaccine against A. baumannii 17978. Tetrasaccharide 20 is a key epitope for recognition by an antibody and is a vaccine lead.
Photocatalytic Removal of the Greenhouse Gas Nitrous Oxide by Liposomal Microreactors
Authors: Piper Samuel E. H. , Casadevall Carla , Reisner Erwin , Clarke Thomas A. , Jeuken Lars J. C. , Gates Andrew J. , Butt Julea N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse and ozone‐reactive gas for which emissions are growing rapidly due to increasingly intensive agriculture. Synthetic catalysts for N2O decomposition typically contain precious metals and/or operate at elevated temperatures driving a desire for more sustainable alternatives. Here we demonstrate self‐assembly of liposomal microreactors enabling catalytic reduction of N2O to the climate neutral product N2. Photoexcitation of graphitic N‐doped carbon dots delivers electrons to encapsulated N2O Reductase enzymes via a lipid‐soluble biomolecular wire provided by the MtrCAB protein complex. Within the microreactor, electron transfer from MtrCAB to N2O Reductase is facilitated by the general redox mediator methyl viologen. The liposomal microreactors use only earth‐abundant elements to catalyze N2O removal in ambient, aqueous conditions.
The impact of firm size on environmental sustainability: The assessment based on the analysis of cost structure
Authors: Dzeraviaha Ihar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFirm size has an impact on different aspects of business and is regarded as one of the key factors that determine its competitiveness. Large companies have an advantage of economies of scale as well as a higher financial, human, technical potential, while small companies are usually more flexible and innovative. The growing attention to the environmental aspects of business implies the need to study the impact of firm size on environmental sustainability. Giving the multidimensional nature of the latter as well as the lack of necessary data, it is a major challenge to develop an effective measurement framework. The approach proposed in the study is based on the assessment of share of personnel costs in the value of production or turnover, which is associated with the value created without additional environmental pressure. The results of the analysis demonstrate that small firms are more sustainable in manufacturing, construction and related activities, while large companies are better for the environment in resource intensive activities based on the concentrated sources of energy and materials.
Exploring subject positions in Greek migrants' discourse on mobility decisions
Authors: Zisakou Anastasia , Figgou Lia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe current study explores the ways in which Greek migrants in their early adulthood position themselves in discourse on mobility decisions. For the purposes of the study, 17 virtual interviews with Greek migrants (aged between 25–40 years old) in European cities were conducted. Analysis, based on the principles of critical discursive social psychology, indicated that, in their accounts of migration decision‐making, participants positioned themselves in various ways: as career/job seekers, as adventurers, as well as (personal or institutional/economic) crisis‐ridden individuals. Multiple subject positions were constituted by an amalgam of rational/practical and affective repertoires which depicted migration as a multifaceted, dynamic and non‐linear project. Analysis also highlighted the multiple spatial (transnational, national and local) and dynamic temporal constructions mobilized by participants, in order to construct their motivations for migrating. Discussion of findings suggests that social psychology (a) can vitally contribute to migration literature, by considering ways in which social actors position themselves by the use of historically and culturally specific resources and by their orientation to local interactional concerns in the context of accounting for their mobility and (b) can be benefited by considering spatial and temporal aspects in the analysis of migration.
Unusual manifestation of COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis: A case report
Authors: Albaji Maryam , Fattahi Mohammad Reza , Iranmehr Arad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA young man, a recent coronavirus patient, was readmitted with hypoesthesia and dysarthria following a rapid deterioration of respiratory symptoms. The brain and lung CT scans revealed ischemia and cavitary lung lesions. Clinical suspicion for aspergillus leads to prompt treatment, confirmed by biopsy. Neurologic and pulmonary symptoms resolved ultimately.
Sensitivity of rice to low rates of glyphosate and glyphosate plus dicamba at multiple growth stages
Authors: France O. Wesley , Norsworthy Jason K. , Roberts Trent , Ross Jeremy , Barber Tom , Gbur Edward 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOff‐target movement of glyphosate can be severely injurious to rice (Oryza sativa L.). Glyphosate is routinely mixed with dicamba and applied to crops with resistance to both herbicides, such as glyphosate‐ and dicamba‐resistant corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars. This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of low rates of glyphosate and glyphosate plus dicamba on rice at multiple application timings. Separate field experiments were conducted and were repeated in 2018 and 2019 near Stuttgart, AR. The first experiment evaluated rice's response to glyphosate alone; a second experiment evaluated responses to glyphosate applied as a mixture with dicamba over several rice growth stages. The rates of glyphosate alone evaluated were 0.023, 0.047, 0.187, and 0.375 oz acid equivalent (ae) acre–1. Mixtures of glyphosate plus dicamba were evaluated at 0.050 plus 0.025, 0.2 plus 0.1, and 0.8 plus 0.4 oz ae acre–1, respectively. Visible injury to rice from glyphosate alone was never more than 3%, averaged over application timings. Unique symptomology and greater yield losses were observed for glyphosate mixed with dicamba. There was no reduction in rough rice grain yield after treatment with glyphosate alone. For the glyphosate plus dicamba experiment, no more than 13% injury occurred from any treatment. Rough rice grain yield was reduced by 21% relative to the nontreated control for the highest rate of glyphosate plus dicamba, averaged over application timings. Care should be taken to prevent off‐target movement of mixtures of glyphosate plus dicamba to neighboring rice.
Microscopic Reactivity of Phenylferrate Ions toward Organyl Halides
Authors: Lülf Stefan , Guo Luxuan , Parchomyk Tobias , Harvey Jeremy N. , Koszinowski Konrad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDespite its practical importance, organoiron chemistry remains poorly understood due to its mechanistic complexity. Here, we focus on the oxidative addition of organyl halides to phenylferrate anions in the gas phase. By mass‐selecting individual phenylferrate anions, we can determine the effect of the oxidation state, the ligation, and the nuclearity of the iron complex on its reactions with a series of organyl halides RX. We find that Ph2Fe(I)− and other low‐valent ferrates are more reactive than Ph3Fe(II)−; Ph4Fe(III)− is inert. The coordination of a PPh3 ligand or the presence of a second iron center lower the reactivity. Besides direct cross‐coupling reactions resulting in the formation of RPh, we also observe the abstraction of halogen atoms. This reaction channel shows the readiness of organoiron species to undergo radical‐type processes. Complementary DFT calculations afford further insight and rationalize the high reactivity of the Ph2Fe(I)− complex by the exothermicity of the oxidative addition and the low barriers associated with this reaction step. At the same time, they point to the importance of changes of the spin state in the reactions of Ph3Fe(II)−.
Multiple Heterohelicenes: Synthesis, Properties and Applications**
Authors: Yang Wen‐Wen , Shen Jun‐Jian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMultiple heterohelicenes are a unique class of helical nonplanar scaffolds that have attracted great attention due to their appealing shapes, optical and electronic properties, and potential applications in chiral materials. This review describes the recent advances and challenges in the design and synthesis of representative multiple heterohelicenes with intriguing chiral properties. And the corresponding applications are also covered.
Current challenges in hydrate‐based desalination: Kinetic and thermodynamic perspective
Authors: Khan Muhammad Naveed , Xu Hongfei , Peters Cornelis J. , Koh Carolyn Ann 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWater scarcity is becoming a severe problem worldwide due to inadequate freshwater resources and swift population growth. Seawater desalination is one of the vital approaches to meet the demand for freshwater. However, energy and associated costs with conventional seawater desalination techniques are incentivizing non‐conventional water desalination processes. Water desalination using gas hydrates formation is one of the emerging non‐conventional processes. In this perspective article, recent advances in hydrate‐based seawater desalination (HBSD) have been critically analyzed to outline a future path towards a clean and efficient hydrate‐based desalination process. It provides a detailed comparison of various processes developed over decades, and measured desalination efficiencies with their process details. Moreover, the current challenges, limitations, and future perspectives of hydrate‐based desalination are also discussed. The study also recapitulates the thermodynamics and kinetics aspects of the hydrate‐based desalination process. In addition, various factors controlling the desalination efficiencies, such as control of the separation of hydrate crystals, salt deposition on hydrate particles, and hydrate morphology, were thoroughly investigated with their proposed process designs. The kinetics of hydrate formation is also assessed, with the possibility of a zero‐induction regime and its consequent impact on hydrate morphology. The current capabilities of the thermodynamics models (Gibbs energy minimization + electrolyte equation of state) were discussed using various commercially available software. Additionally, the role of hydrate promotors is also discussed, which can reduce the higher cost associated with the hydrate‐based desalination process.