bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Sensory Processing and Autism Spectrum Disorder-Like Behaviors in Prader-Willi Syndrome
Authors: Saima Sohei , Ihara Hiroshi , Ogata Hiroyuki , Gito Masao , Murakami Nobuyuki , Oto Yuji , Ishii Atsushi , Takahashi Asami , Nagai Toshiro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The relationship between sensory processing and ASD-like and associated behaviors in patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) remains relatively unexplored. Examining this relationship, 51 adults with PWS were administered the Pervasive Developmental Disorders Autism Society Japan Rating Scale (PARS), Short Sensory Profile (SSP-J), Food-Related Problem Questionnaire (FRPQ), and Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC-J). Based on SSP-J z-scores, participants were classified into three severity groups. Analysis of variance was performed to compare the behavioral scores of these three groups. Statistically significant group differences were observed in PARS (p = .006, ηp2 = .194) and ABC-J (p = .006, ηp2 = .193) scores. Our findings suggest that the level of sensory processing may predict ASD-like and aberrant behaviors in adults with PWS, implying the importance of a proper assessment for early intervention.
Identifying the changing age distribution of opioid-related mortality with high-frequency data
Authors: Paul Lauren A. , Li Ye , Leece Pamela , Gomes Tara , Bayoumi Ahmed M. , Herring Jeremy , Murray Regan , Brown Patrick 
Published: April 2022

Background
Opioid-related mortality continues to rise across North America, and mortality rates have been further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study sought to provide an updated picture of trends of opioid-related mortality for Ontario, Canada between January 2003 and December 2020, in relation to age and sex.

Methods
Using mortality data from the Office of the Chief Coroner for Ontario, we applied Bayesian Poisson regression to model age/sex mortality per 100,000 person-years, including random walks to flexibly capture age and time effects. Models were also used to explore how trends might continue into 2022, considering both pre- and post-COVID-19 courses.

Results
From 2003 to 2020, there were 11,633 opioid-related deaths in Ontario. A shift in the age distribution of mortality was observed, with the greatest mortality rates now among younger individuals. In 2003, mortality rates reached maximums at 5.5 deaths per 100,000 person-years (95% credible interval: 4.0–7.6) for males around age 44 and 2.2 deaths per 100,000 person-years (95% CI: 1.5–3.2) for females around age 51. As of 2020, rates have reached maximums at 67.2 deaths per 100,000 person-years (95% CI: 55.3–81.5) for males around age 35 and 16.8 deaths per 100,000 person-years (95% CI: 12.8–22.0) for females around age 37. Our models estimate that opioid-related mortality among the younger population will continue to grow, and that current conditions could lead to male mortality rates that are more than quadruple those of pre-pandemic estimations.

Conclusions
This analysis may inform a refocusing of public health strategy for reducing rising rates of opioid-related mortality, including effectively reaching both older and younger males, as well as young females, with health and social supports such as treatment and harm reduction measures.
Factors associated with preterm birth among mothers who gave birth at public Hospitals in Sidama regional state, Southeast Ethiopia: Unmatched case-control study
Authors: Fetene Gossa , Tesfaye Tamirat , Negesse Yilkal , Dulla Dubale 
Published: April 2022

Background
Preterm birth remains the commonest cause of neonatal mortality, and morbidity representing one of the principal targets of neonatal health care. Ethiopia is one of the countries which shoulder the highest burden of preterm birth. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess factors associated with preterm birth at public hospitals in Sidama regional state.

Methods
Facility-based case-control study was conducted at public hospitals in Sidama regional state, from 1st June to 1st September/2020. In this study, a total of 135 cases and 270 controls have participated. To recruit cases and controls consecutive sampling methods and simple random sampling techniques were used respectively. Data were collected using pretested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, and checklist via chart review. Data were entered using EpiData version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Independent variables with P-value < 0.25 in the bivariate logistic regression were candidates for multivariable logistic regression analysis. Finally, statistical significance was declared at P-value < 0.05.

Results
The response rate was 100%. Rural resident (AOR = 2.034; 95%CI: 1.242, 3.331), no antenatal care service utilization (AOR = 2.516; 95%CI: 1.406, 4.503), pregnancy-induced hypertension (AOR = 2.870; 95%CI: 1.519, 5.424), chronic medical problem during pregnancy (AOR = 2.507; 95%CI: 1.345, 4.676), urinary tract infections (AOR = 3.023; 95%CI: 1.657, 5.513), birth space less than 2 years (AOR = 3.029; 95%CI: 1.484, 6.179), and physical intimate violence (AOR = 2.876; 95%CI: 1.534, 5.393) were significantly associated with preterm birth.

Conclusion
Most of the risk factors of preterm birth were found to be modifiable. Community mobilization on physical violence during pregnancy and antenatal care follow-up are the ground for the prevention of preterm birth because attentive and critical antenatal care screening practice could early identify risk factors. Besides, information communication education about preterm birth prevention was recommended.
Outreach screening to address demographic and economic barriers to diabetic retinopathy care in rural China
Authors: Xiao Baixiang , Mercer Gareth D. , Jin Ling , Lee Han Lin , Chen Tingting , Wang Yanfang , Liu Yuanping , Denniston Alastair K. , Egan Catherine A. , Li Jia , Lu Qing , Xu Ping , Congdon Nathan 
Published: April 2022

Importance
Poor access to existing care for diabetic retinopathy (DR) limits effectiveness of proven treatments.

Objectives
We examined whether outreach screening in rural China improves equity of access.

Design, setting and participants
We compared prevalence of female sex, age > = 65 years, primary education or below, and requiring referral care for DR between three cohorts with diabetes examined for DR in neighboring areas of Guangdong, China: passive case detection at secondary-level hospitals (n = 193); persons screened during primary-level DR outreach (n = 182); and individuals with newly- or previously-diagnosed diabetes in a population survey (n = 579). The latter reflected the “ideal” reach of a screening program.

Results
Compared to the population cohort, passive case detection reached fewer women (50·8% vs. 62·3%, p = 0·006), older adults (37·8% vs. 51·3%, p < 0·001), and less-educated persons (39·9% vs. 89·6%, p < 0·001). Outreach screening, compared to passive case detection, improved representation of the elderly (49·5% vs. 37·8%, p = 0·03) and less-educated (70·3% vs. 39·9%, p<0·001). The proportion of women (59.8% vs 62.3%, P>0.300) and persons aged > = 65 years (49.5% vs 51.3%, p = 0.723) in the outreach screening and population cohorts did not differ significantly. Prevalence of requiring referral care for DR was significantly higher in the outreach screening cohort (28·0%) than the population (14·0%) and passive case detection cohorts (7·3%, p<0·001 for both).

Conclusions and relevance
Primary-level outreach screening improves access for the poorly-educated and elderly, and removes gender inequity in access to DR care in this setting, while also identifying more severely-affected patients than case finding in hospital.
The prevalence of alcohol-involved crashes across high and low complexity road environments: Does knowing where drinking drivers crash help explain why they crash?
Authors: Johnson Mark B. 
Published: April 2022

Objective
Alcohol use has been linked to impairment of cognitive and psychomotor driving skills, yet the extent to which skill impairment contributes to actual crashes is unknown. A reasonable assumption is that some driving situations have higher skill demands than others. We contend that intersections, the presence of other vehicles or moving objects, and work zones are examples of common situations with higher skill demands. Accordingly, if skill deficits are largely responsible for alcohol-involved crashes, crashes involving a drinking driver (versus only sober drivers) should be overrepresented in these driving situations.

Method
Publicly available FARS data from 2010 to 2017 were collected. Fatal crashes were coded as alcohol-involved (1+ driver with a blood alcohol concentration [BAC] ≥ .05 g/dl) or having no impaired driver (BACs = .000). Drug-positive crashes were excluded. Crashes were also coded as involving moving versus stationary objects, occurring at versus away from intersections, being multivehicle versus single vehicle, occurring at or away from work zones.

Results
Across multiple models, controlling for time of day and type of road, alcohol-involved crashes were significantly underrepresented in crashes at intersections, with moving objects, and other vehicles. Most strikingly, alcohol-involved crashes were 24 percentage points more likely to be with a stationary object than a moving object.

Conclusions
No evidence supported the idea that skill reductions are a primary contributor to alcohol-involved crashes. Alternative explanations and limitations are discussed.
Real-world cost-effectiveness analysis of NOACs versus VKA for stroke prevention in Spain
Authors: Escobar Cervantes Carlos , Martí-Almor Julio , Cabeza Alejandro Isidoro Pérez , Bowrin Kevin , Llorac Moix Aleix , Genís Gironès Mar , Gasche David , Millier Aurélie , Tardu Jean , Toumi Mondher , Briere Jean-Baptiste 
Published: April 2022

Aims
A Markov model was adapted to assess the real-world cost-effectiveness of rivaroxaban, dabigatran and apixaban. Each of these non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants was compared with vitamin K antagonist for stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation in Spain.

Methods
All inputs were derived from real-world studies: baseline patient characteristics, clinical event rates, as well as persistence rates for the vitamin K antagonist treatment option. A meta-analysis of real-world studies provided treatment effect and persistence data for rivaroxaban, dabigatran and apixaban, each compared with vitamin K antagonist therapy. The model considered 3-month cycles over a lifetime horizon. The model outcomes included different costs, quality-adjusted life years and life-years gained. Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the model.

Results
When compared with vitamin K antagonist, rivaroxaban incurred incremental costs of €77 and resulted in incremental quality-adjusted life years of 0.08. The incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year was €952. For the same comparison, the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year for dabigatran was €4,612. Finally, compared with vitamin K antagonist, the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year for apixaban was €32,015. The sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the base case results. The probabilities to be cost-effective versus vitamin K antagonist were 94%, 86% and 35%, respectively, for rivaroxaban, dabigatran and apixaban, considering a willingness-to-pay threshold of €22,000 per quality-adjusted life year gained, based on a cost-effectiveness study of the Spanish National Health System.

Conclusion
These results suggest that rivaroxaban and dabigatran are cost-effective versus vitamin K antagonist for stroke prevention in non-valvular atrial fibrillation, from the Spanish National Health System perspective.
Bacterial DNA load in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is significantly higher in intravascular infections
Authors: Nieman An-Emmie , Rozemeijer Wouter , Savelkoul Paul H. M. , Schade Rogier P. 
Published: April 2022

Objectives
Determination of pathogen-specific bacterial DNA load (BDL) in blood has been shown to be directly correlated with severity of infection in patients with bacteremia. In the diagnostic work-up of patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB), determination of the primary focus is imperative, because of implications for treatment duration, and ultimately prognosis. Here we investigate whether measurement of BDL in patients with SAB can distinguish between intravascular and extravascular foci of infection.

Methods
In a consecutive cohort of 43 patients with positive blood cultures with Staphylococcus aureus, we performed a quantitative PCR on whole blood to detect the bacterial DNA load. Infections were classified into 3 categories: i) soft tissue infections and phlebitis, ii) deep-seated infections and iii) endocarditis and other intravascular infections. Bacterial DNA loads and inflammatory parameters in the three categories were analyzed and compared.

Results
Median BDL in patients with endocarditis and other intravascular infections was 1015 cfu/ml, significantly higher than BDL in the other two categories (28 and 31 cfu/ml respectively). In contrast, CRP and leukocytes were not significantly different between the three patient categories. BDL could be detected in all patients with intravascular causes and levels were generally 10–30 times higher than in the other infection categories. Median BDL in non-survivors was 85 cfu/ml, which was higher than in survivors with a median BDL of 29 cfu/ml, although not significant.

Conclusions
In Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia pathogen-specific BDL is distinctly higher in patients with intravascular infections compared to extravascular origins. As measurement of BDL by PCR can easily be implemented in routine diagnostics, it can improve the diagnostic work-up of SAB by rapidly identifying the subset of patients who need higher dosages of antibiotics and additional measures to improve outcome.
Increased functional connectivity between limbic brain areas in healthy individuals with high versus low sensitivity to cold pain: A resting state fMRI study
Authors: Grouper Hadas , Löffler Martin , Flor Herta , Eisenberg Elon , Pud Dorit 
Published: April 2022

Background
The representation of variability in sensitivity to pain by differences in neural connectivity patterns and its association with psychological factors needs further investigation. This study assessed differences in resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and its association to cognitive-affective aspects of pain in two groups of healthy subjects with low versus high sensitivity to pain (LSP vs. HSP). We hypothesized that HSP will show stronger connectivity in brain regions involved in the affective-motivational processing of pain and that this higher connectivity would be related to negative affective and cognitive evaluations of pain.

Methods
Forty-eight healthy subjects were allocated to two groups according to their tolerability to cold stimulation (cold pressor test, CPT, 1°C). Group LSP (N = 24) reached the cut-off time of 180±0 sec and group HSP tolerated the CPT for an average of 13±4.8 sec. Heat, cold and mechanical evoked pain were measured, as well as pain-catastrophizing (PCS), depression, anxiety and stress (DASS-21). All subjects underwent resting state fMRI. ROI-to-ROI analysis was performed.

Results
In comparison to the LSP, the HSP had stronger interhemispheric connectivity of the amygdala (p = 0.01) and between the amygdala and nucleus accumbens (NAc) (p = 0.01). Amygdala connectivity was associated with higher pain catastrophizing in the HSP only (p<0.01).

Conclusions
These findings suggest that high sensitivity to pain may be reflected by neural circuits involved in affective and motivational aspects of pain. To what extent this connectivity within limbic brain structures relates to higher alertness and more profound withdrawal behavior to aversive events needs to be further investigated.
Comparing the cost-effectiveness of the Otago Exercise Programme among older women and men: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Davis Jennifer C. , Hsu Chun Liang , Barha Cindy , Jehu Deborah A. , Chan Patrick , Ghag Cheyenne , Jacova Patrizio , Adjetey Cassandra , Dian Larry , Parmar Naaz , Madden Kenneth , Liu-Ambrose Teresa 
Published: April 2022

Objective
Using stratified analyses, we examined the cost-effectiveness of the Otago Exercise Programme (OEP), from a health care system perspective, among older women and men who have previously fallen.

Methods
This study was a secondary stratified analysis (by women and men), of a 12-month prospective economic evaluation of a randomized clinical trial (OEP compared with usual care). Three hundred and forty four community-dwelling older adults (≥70; 172 OEP (110 women; 62 men), 172 usual care (119 women; 53 men)) who sustained a fall in the past 12 months and received a baseline assessment at the Vancouver Falls Prevention Clinic, Canada were included. A gender by OEP/usual care interaction was examined for the falls incidence rate ratio (IRR). Outcome measures stratified by gender included: falls IRR, incremental cost-per fall prevented (ICER), incremental cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY, ICUR) gained, and mean total health care resource utilization costs.

Results
Men were frailer than women at baseline. Men incurred higher mean total healthcare costs $6794 (SD: $11906)). There was no significant gender by OEP/usual care interaction on falls IRR. The efficacy of the OEP did not vary by gender. The adjusted IRR for the OEP group demonstrated a 39% (IRR: 0.61, CI: 0.40–0.93) significant reduction in falls among men but not women (32% reduction (IRR: 0.69, CI: 0.47–1.02)). The ICER showed the OEP was effective in preventing falls and less costly for men, while it was costlier for women by $42. The ICUR showed the OEP did not impact quality of life.

Conclusion
Future studies should explore gender factors (i.e., health seeking behaviours, gender related frailty) that may explain observed variation in the cost-effectiveness of the OEP as a secondary falls prevention strategy.

Trial registrations
ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration System
Identifier: NCT01029171; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01029171
Identifier: NCT00323596; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00323596
Adult Perspectives on Children and Music in Early Childhood, Aleksandra Acker and Berenice Nyland (2020)
Authors: Calì Claudia , Minerva Diana 
Published: April 2022

Review of: Adult Perspectives on Children and Music in Early Childhood, Aleksandra Acker and Berenice Nyland (2020)
Cham: Springer Nature, 163 pp.,
ISBN 978-3-03057-698-1, e-book, USD 89.00
Resuscitation of very preterm infants with 30% vs. 50% oxygen: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kaban Risma Karina , Aminullah Asril , Rohsiswatmo Rinawati , Hegar Badriul , Sukadi Abdurahman , Davis Peter Graham 
Published: April 2022

Background Preterm infants are susceptible to the damaging effects of hyperoxia which may lead to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and intestinal damage. Hyperoxia also affects intestinal microbiota. The optimal initial FiO2 for the resuscitation of premature infants is unknown.
Objective To determine the effect of different initial oxygen concentrations on BPD, oxidative stress markers, damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa, and the intestinal microbiome.
Methods We conducted an unblinded, randomized controlled clinical trial in premature infants requiring supplemental oxygen in the first minutes of life. Infants started at an FiO2 of either 30% (low) or 50% (moderate), which was adjusted to achieve target oxygen saturations (SpO2) of 88-92% by 10 minutes of life using pulse oximetry. The primary outcome was incidence of BPD. Secondary outcomes included markers of oxidative stress [oxidized glutathione (GSH)/reduced glutathione (GSSG) ratio and malondialdehyde (MDA)], intestinal integrity indicated by fecal alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), and intestinal microbiota on fecal examination.
Results Eighty-four infants were recruited. There was no significant difference in rates of BPD between the 30% FiO2 and 50% FiO2 groups (42.8% vs. 40.5%, respectively). Nor were there significant differences in GSH/GSSG ratios, MDA concentrations, fecal AAT levels, or changes in facultative anaerobic and anaerobic microbiota between groups.
Conclusion In premature infants resuscitated using low vs. moderate initial FiO2 levels, we find no significant differences in BPD incidence, markers of oxidative stress, intestinal mucosa integrity, or intestinal microbiota.
Exhaled carbon monoxide in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis
Authors: Wardani Yulia Fatma , Triasih Rina , Setyati Amalia 
Published: April 2022

Background Exhaled carbon monoxide has been related to the degree of inflammation. An easy, inexpensive, and non-invasive test to measure exhaled CO levels (eCO) may help in supporting the diagnosis of asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) in children.
Objective To compare the eCO levels in children with asthma, AR, or both asthma and AR, to children without asthma or AR.
Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 450 children aged 13-14 years in Yogyakarta. Asthma and AR were determined according to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) study criteria, while eCO level was examined using a Smokerlyzer®. The levels of eCO between groups were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.
Results Of 450 children, 48 (10.67%) had asthma only, 91 (20.22%) had AR only, 67 (14.89%) had both asthma and AR, and 244 (54.22%) had neither asthma nor AR. The eCO levels of children with asthma or AR were not significantly different compared to those without asthma and AR (P=0.33 and P=0.19, respectively). However, children with both asthma and AR had significantly higher eCO level compared to children without asthma and AR (P< 0.001).
Conclusion The levels of eCO in children with asthma only or AR only are similar to those without both diseases. Children with both asthma and AR have significant higher eCO compared to healthy children.
Reduction swelling mechanism of hematite fluxed briquettes
Authors: Ping Wang , Hao Wu , Tie-jun Chun , Song Zhou , Tian-bao Zhou 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The reduction swelling behaviors of the fluxed briquettes with basicity (CaO/SiO2) in the range of 0.33–1.33 were determined by adding analytical-grade CaO. Results showed that with the increase of basicity, the diameter, volume, and porosity of briquettes increased gradually, whereas the diameter, volume, and porosity of briquettes decreased when the basicity was greater than 0.83. The volume and porosity of briquettes decreased gradually with the increase in firing temperature. The reduction swelling index (RSI) reached the maximum at the basicity of 0.83. The RSI of fluxed briquettes was fired at 1,230°C, and that at the basicity of 0.83 was 20.12% after 60 min of reduction. The RSI of the fluxed briquettes was 3.16% when the basicity of briquettes was 0 upon firing at 1,300°C. The reducibility and swelling were positively correlated with internal porosity. The higher the swelling of briquettes, the denser was the distribution of iron whiskers. The lower the swelling of briquettes, the more closely the iron particles connected.