bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid and Quantitative Analysis of Aflatoxin M1 From Milk Using Atmospheric Pressure—Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (AP-MALDI)-Triple Quadrupole Selected Reaction Monitoring
Authors: Mahale Vishal , Gupta Madhuri , Dhanshetty Manisha , Chawan Subodh , Moskovets Eugene , Banerjee Kaushik , Bhattacharya Nivedita , Panchagnula Venkateswarlu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a carcinogenic hydroxylated metabolite commonly found in milk. It is relatively stable toward decontamination procedures posing a major health risk, and it requires an international regulatory mandate of detection at trace levels.

Objective
To develop a high-throughput, reliable, and compliant method for the identification of AFM1 in milk samples using atmospheric pressure—matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (AP-MALDI) selected reaction monitoring (SRM) quantitation.

Method
The milk sample was diluted in water and cleaned with immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC), followed by analysis using AP-MALDI hyphenated with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer for SRM.

Results
A fast and reliable AP-MALDI SRM quantitative method was developed for the determination of AFM1 with analysis time of 1 min per sample. The diagnostic product ions of AFM1 at 273.1 u and 229.2 u were monitored during the SRM. The calibration curves yielded excellent linearity (R2 = 0.99) with good recoveries for quality control samples (97–106%). The ion ratios of the qualifier to quantifier displayed excellent RSD (1–7.8%) for n = 3.

Conclusions
The developed method provided rapid quantification for AFM1. The fast AP-MALDI SRM method can allow analysis of AFM1 in a large number of milk samples. Given the time required for analysis, cost-effectiveness, and superior analytical performance, this method can be adopted in commercial food testing laboratories.

Highlights
Aflatoxins (AF) are a major health risk. Speedy analysis of large sample sizes from food is a risk mitigation strategy but remains an unmet need. Quantitative, chromatography-free, and internal standard-free AP-MALDI SRM based analysis of AF is a high-throughput and cost-efficient alternative. Satisfactory performance was achieved for quantitative AP-MALDI SRM analysis of AFM1 in milk subsequent to a simple sample clean-up step.
Effectiveness of Steinernema rarum PAM 25 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) Against Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: dos Santos José Junior , de Brida Andressa Lima , Jean-Baptiste Maguintontz Cedney , Bernardi Daniel , Wilcken Silvia Renata Siciliano , Leite Luís Garrigós , Garcia Flavio Roberto Mello 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura 1931) represents one of the main pests of small fruits. The use of biological agents is very promising for insect control. In the present study, the nematode Steinernema rarum PAM 25 was evaluated for the control of D. suzukii pupae, this species has not been evaluated previously. First, we evaluated the pathogenicity of S. rarum PAM 25 at the concentration of 1,000 infective juveniles (IJs) inoculated into D. suzukii pupae. In the second bioassay, we evaluated the influence of 1,500; 2,000; 2,500; 3,000; 4,000 IJs/ml nematode concentration and temperature on D. suzukii mortality. In the third bioassay, we evaluated the influence of the isolate S. rarum PAM 25 on D. suzukii adult lifespan following pupal infection, using the concentrations with the highest mortality rate of pupae at each temperature as determined in the second experiment. The S. rarum PAM 25 isolate is pathogenic to D. suzukii. The most effective temperature for S. rarum PAM 25 activity was 14°C at a concentration of 4,000 IJs/ml. Adults infected with S. rarum PAM 25 showed a significant reduction in longevity. The results confirmed the potential of S. rarum PAM 25 for the control of D. suzukii.
Likelihood of Extreme Early Flight of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Across the UK
Authors: Hemming Deborah , Bell James , Collier Rosemary , Dunbar Tyrone , Dunstone Nick , Everatt Matthew , Eyre Dominic , Kaye Neil , Korycinska Anastasia , Pickup Jon , Scaife Adam A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Myzus persicae (Sulzer, Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a major global crop pest; it is the primary aphid vector for many damaging viruses and has developed resistance to most insecticides. In temperate regions, the risk of widespread crop infection and yield loss is heightened following warm winters, which encourage rapid population growth and early flight. Estimates of the frequency and magnitude of warm winters are, therefore, helpful for understanding and managing this risk. However, it is difficult to quantify the statistical distribution of climate events, particularly extremes, because climate observations represent just a small sample of the possible climate variations in a region. The purpose of this study was to establish a large-scale relationship between temperature and M. persicae observations across the UK and apply this to a very large ensemble of climate model simulations, which better sample the variability in climate, to quantify the current likelihood of extreme early M. persicae flight across the UK. The timing of M. persicae flight was shown to be significantly related to January-February mean temperature, where a 1°C warmer/cooler temperature relates to about 12 d earlier/later flight. Climate model simulations predict 40% likelihood of experiencing a year with unprecedented early M. persicae flight during the next decade in the UK. Results from this method can help crop managers assess the long-term viability of crops and management practices across the UK and provide early warning information for targeting pest surveillance activities on the locations and timings at highest risk of early M. persicae flight.
Optimizing Spinosyn Insecticide Applications for Allium Leafminer (Diptera: Agromyzidae) Management in Allium Crops
Authors: Nault Brian A , Sandhi Ramandeep K , Harding Riley S , Grundberg Ethan A , Rusinek Teresa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAllium leafminer, Phytomyza gymnostoma Loew (Diptera: Agromyzidae), is an invasive pest of allium crops in North America. Spinosyn insecticides, spinetoram and spinosad, have been effective choices for managing P. gymnostoma infestations in allium crops, but their use should be optimized for economical and resistance management purposes. In New York from 2018 through 2020, performance of each spinosyn insecticide was evaluated by making two applications spaced either 1 or 2 wk apart beginning at various intervals after P. gymnostoma was first detected in the field; a weekly spray program also was included. Results indicated that weekly applications of each spinosyn insecticide provided ≥98% reduction of P. gymnostoma densities in scallions and leeks relative to the untreated control. Spinetoram applied twice, regardless of initial timing and duration between sprays, provided an acceptable level of P. gynostoma control (71 to 98% reduction in densities relative to the untreated control). Spinosad also was effective when applied twice (85 to 95% reduction in densities relative to the untreated control), but not when sprays were made consecutively beginning when P. gymnostoma was first detected and not when the P. gymnostoma infestation was extremely high (i.e., 38 insects per plant in the untreated control). Management of P. gymnostoma with spinosyns can be successful with only two applications, but control tended to be best when first applied 2 to 3 wk after initial detection. Optimizing applications of spinetoram and spinosad will save growers time, reduce insecticide costs, and mitigate resistance development without significantly increasing the risk of yield reduction.
A History of Health Economics and Healthcare Delivery Research at the National Cancer Institute
Authors: Doria-Rose V Paul , Breen Nancy , Brown Martin L , Feuer Eric J , Geiger Ann M , Kessler Larry , Lipscomb Joseph , Warren Joan L , Yabroff K Robin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
With increased attention to the financing and structure of healthcare, dramatic increases in the cost of diagnosing and treating cancer, and corresponding disparities in access, the study of healthcare economics and delivery has become increasingly important. The Healthcare Delivery Research Program (HDRP) in the Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) was formed in 2015 to provide a hub for cancer-related healthcare delivery and economics research. However, the roots of this program trace back much farther, at least to the formation of the NCI Division of Cancer Prevention and Control in 1983. The creation of a division focused on understanding and explaining trends in cancer morbidity and mortality was instrumental in setting the direction of cancer-related healthcare delivery and health economics research over the subsequent decades. In this commentary, we provide a brief history of health economics and healthcare delivery research at NCI, describing the organizational structure and highlighting key initiatives developed by the division, and also briefly discuss future directions. HDRP and its predecessors have supported the growth and evolution of these fields through the funding of grants and contracts; the development of data, tools, and other research resources; and thought leadership including stimulation of research on previously understudied topics. As the availability of new data, methods, and computing capacity to evaluate cancer-related healthcare delivery and economics expand, HDRP aims to continue to support this growth and evolution.
Nitrogen addition overrides the effects ofStellera chamaejasmelitter on the growth ofLeymus chinensisand its associated mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Guo Qiang , Zhang Ruo-Hui , Li Xue-Li , Liu Xiao-Wei , Li Ya-Nan , Xing Fu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRapid spread and growth of plants that are poisonous to animals produce large amounts of plant litter in degraded grasslands. Nitrogen (N) input may promote the growth of these poisonous plants and alter the rhizosphere microbes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in particular. However, it is unclear how poisonous plant litter affects the growth of palatable plants and their associated AMF in the rhizosphere and whether and how N deposition may mediate these effects. A greenhouse experiment was performed to test the combined effects of litter addition of a poisonous plant, Stellera chamaejasme, and N addition on the growth of a dominant grass, Leymus chinensis, AMF characteristics and soil properties. Litter addition significantly increased the ramet number and aboveground biomass of L. chinensis and soil available phosphorus (AP) concentration and decreased the spore density of AMF. However, the interaction of both treatments had no significant effects on traits of L. chinensis and AMF properties. Stellera chamaejasme litter positively affected L. chinensis by increasing AP and negatively affected AMF by combining balanced changes in soil nutrients and litter-induced allelopathic compositions. High N addition may alleviate soil N limitation and inhibit litter decomposition, thus overriding the litter’s effects on L. chinensis and AMF. These findings imply that it is necessary to objectively and comprehensively evaluate the ecological functions of poisonous plants beyond their harmful effects on livestock. Simultaneously, N deposition should be an indispensable factor in predicting the relationships between poisonous plants and edible plants in degraded grasslands.
Evaluation of general practice pharmacists’ role by key stakeholders in England and Australia
Authors: Akhtar Noshad , Hasan Syed Shahzad , Babar Zaheer-Ud-Din 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to measure expectations and perceptions about the general practice pharmacists’ (GPPs) roles in England and Australia.

Methods
The study is based on the interviews conducted with key stakeholders from England and Australia, including general practitioners, nurses, GPPs, organizational lead and academics. There were a total of 14 participants, 7 each from England and Australia. The participants were involved in a semi-structured, audio-recorded interview, which was later transcribed verbatim, coded and underwent a thematic analysis to extract the general themes, raised by participants’ views and experiences about GPPs’ role.

Key findings
From the transcribed data, the main themes extracted were initial expectations and reservations by key stakeholders, barriers and facilitators, working collaboration, GPPs’ skillset, views on key performance indicators (KPIs), patients’ feedback and the stakeholders’ views on the future of GPPs in England and Australia. The participants from both England and Australia did acknowledge the growing role of GPPs. Few concerns were raised by some participants about aspects like role description, training pathways, prescribing protocols and funding. Despite these concerns, all participants strongly believed that by taking steps to overcome main barriers like funding in Australia and training pathways in England, GPPs could be an ideal professional to bridge the gaps in the general practice framework.

Conclusions
GPPs could be an ideal professional to bridge the gaps in the general practice framework, but steps need to be taken to overcome barriers. Based on the comparative data, recommendations were made on funding structure, role description, prescribing qualification, training pathways and KPIs. These recommendations can be used as guidance for both England and Australia while implementing relative policies in these countries.
A rare case of advanced sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma with intracranial and intradural extension
Authors: Rassam Joseph , Sood Tarun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer of the head and neck that primarily occurs in the salivary glands. Sino-nasal ACC (SNACC) is a much rarer entity; this paper presents an exceedingly rare case of SNACC with both intracranial and intradural extension which was ultimately treated with palliative radiotherapy due to its extensive invasion. In addition to this, a review of the literature has been performed to delineate specific learning points for the management of intracranial SNACC.
Iron in leaves: chemical forms, signalling, and in-cell distribution
Authors: Sági-Kazár Máté , Solymosi Katalin , Solti Ádám 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential transition metal. Based on its redox-active nature under biological conditions, various Fe compounds serve as cofactors in redox enzymes. In plants, the photosynthetic machinery has the highest demand for Fe. In consequence, the delivery and incorporation of Fe into cofactors of the photosynthetic apparatus is the focus of Fe metabolism in leaves. Disturbance of foliar Fe homeostasis leads to impaired biosynthesis of chlorophylls and composition of the photosynthetic machinery. Nevertheless, mitochondrial function also has a significant demand for Fe. The proper incorporation of Fe into proteins and cofactors as well as a balanced intracellular Fe status in leaf cells require the ability to sense Fe, but may also rely on indirect signals that report on the physiological processes connected to Fe homeostasis. Although multiple pieces of information have been gained on Fe signalling in roots, the regulation of Fe status in leaves has not yet been clarified in detail. In this review, we give an overview on current knowledge of foliar Fe homeostasis, from the chemical forms to the allocation and sensing of Fe in leaves.
Five young δ Scuti stars in the Pleiades seen with Kepler/K2
Authors: Murphy Simon J , Bedding Timothy R , White Timothy R , Li(李亚光) Yaguang , Hey Daniel , Reese Daniel , Joyce Meridith 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
We perform mode identification for five δ Scuti stars in the Pleiades star cluster, using custom light curves from K2 photometry. By creating échelle diagrams, we identify radial and dipole mode ridges, comprising a total of 28 radial and 16 dipole modes across the five stars. We also suggest possible identities for those modes that lie offset from the radial and dipole ridges. We calculate non-rotating stellar pulsation models to verify our mode identifications, finding good agreement within the age and metallicity constraints of the cluster. We also find that for all stars, the least dense models are preferred, reflecting the lower density of these oblate, rotating stars. Three of the five stars show rotationally split multiplets. We conclude that the sample shows promise for asteroseismic rotation rates, masses, and ages with rotating models in the future. Our preliminary modelling also indicates some sensitivity to the helium abundance.
Starquakes in millisecond pulsars and gravitational waves emission
Authors: Giliberti E , Cambiotti G 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
So far, only transient gravitational waves (GWs) produced by catastrophic events of extra-galactic origin have been detected. However, it is generally believed that there should be also continuous sources of GWs within our Galaxy, such as accreting neutron stars (NSs), that could in principle be detected in the next near future. In fact, in these objects, centrifugal forces can be so strong to break the NS crust (causing a starquake), thus producing a quadrupole moment responsible for the continuous emission of GWs. At equilibrium, the angular momentum gained by accretion and the one lost via GWs emission should balance each other, stopping the stellar spin-up. We hereinafter investigate the above physical picture within the framework of a Newtonian model describing compressible, non-magnetized, and self-gravitating NSs. In particular, we calculate the rotational frequency need to break the stellar crust of an accreting pulsar and we estimate the upper limit for the ellipticity due to this event. We find that the maximum starquake-induced ellipticity ranges from 10−9 to 10−5, depending on the stellar mass and its equation of state. The corresponding equilibrium frequency that we calculate is in good agreement with observations and, for all the scenarios, it is below the higher NS frequency observed of 716.36 Hz. Finally, we also discuss possible observational constraints on the ellipticity upper limit of accreting pulsars.
The present-day globular cluster kinematics of lenticular galaxies from the E-MOSAICS simulations and their relation to the galaxy assembly histories
Authors: Dolfi Arianna , Pfeffer Joel , Forbes Duncan A , Couch Warrick J , Bekki Kenji , Brodie Jean P , Romanowsky Aaron J , Kruijssen J M Diederik 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
We study the present-day rotational velocity (Vrot) and velocity dispersion (σ) profiles of the globular cluster (GC) systems in a sample of 50 lenticular (S0) galaxies from the E-MOSAICS galaxy formation simulations. We find that $82{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the galaxies have GCs that are rotating along the photometric major axis of the galaxy (aligned), while the remaining $18{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the galaxies do not (misaligned). This is generally consistent with the observations from the SLUGGS survey. For the aligned galaxies, classified as peaked and outwardly decreasing ($49{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$), flat ($24{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$), and increasing ($27{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) based on the Vrot/σ profiles out to large radii, we do not find any clear correlation between these present-day Vrot/σ profiles of the GCs and the past merger histories of the S0 galaxies, unlike in previous simulations of galaxy stars. For just over half of the misaligned galaxies, we find that the GC misalignment is the result of a major merger within the last $10\, \mathrm{Gyr}$ so that the ex-situ GCs are misaligned by an angle between 0° (co-rotation) and 180° (counter-rotation), with respect to the in situ GCs, depending on the orbital configuration of the merging galaxies. For the remaining misaligned galaxies, we suggest that the in situ metal-poor GCs, formed at early times, have undergone more frequent kinematic perturbations than the in situ metal-rich GCs. We also find that the GCs accreted early and the in situ GCs are predominantly located within 0.2 virial radii (R200) from the centre of galaxies in 3D phase-space diagrams.
A2B-COVID: A Tool for Rapidly Evaluating Potential SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Events
Authors: Illingworth Christopher J R , Hamilton William L , Jackson Christopher , Warne Ben , Popay Ashley , Meredith Luke , Hosmillo Myra , Jahun Aminu , Fieldman Tom , Routledge Matthew , Houldcroft Charlotte J , Caller Laura , Caddy Sarah , Yakovleva Anna , Hall Grant , Khokhar Fahad A , Feltwell Theresa , Pinckert Malte L , Georgana Iliana , Chaudhry Yasmin , Curran Martin , Parmar Surendra , Sparkes Dominic , Rivett Lucy , Jones Nick K , Sridhar Sushmita , Forrest Sally , Dymond Tom , Grainger Kayleigh , Workman Chris , Gkrania-Klotsas Effrossyni , Brown Nicholas M , Weekes Michael P , Baker Stephen , Peacock Sharon J , Gouliouris Theodore , Goodfellow Ian , Angelis Daniela De , Török M Estée 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIdentifying linked cases of infection is a critical component of the public health response to viral infectious diseases. In a clinical context, there is a need to make rapid assessments of whether cases of infection have arrived independently onto a ward, or are potentially linked via direct transmission. Viral genome sequence data are of great value in making these assessments, but are often not the only form of data available. Here, we describe A2B-COVID, a method for the rapid identification of potentially linked cases of COVID-19 infection designed for clinical settings. Our method combines knowledge about infection dynamics, data describing the movements of individuals, and evolutionary analysis of genome sequences to assess whether data collected from cases of infection are consistent or inconsistent with linkage via direct transmission. A retrospective analysis of data from two wards at Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust during the first wave of the pandemic showed qualitatively different patterns of linkage between cases on designated COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 wards. The subsequent real-time application of our method to data from the second epidemic wave highlights its value for monitoring cases of infection in a clinical context.
Endogenous retroviruses co-opted as divergently transcribed regulatory elements shape the regulatory landscape of embryonic stem cells
Authors: Bakoulis Stylianos , Krautz Robert , Alcaraz Nicolas , Salvatore Marco , Andersson Robin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Transposable elements are an abundant source of transcription factor binding sites, and favorable genomic integration may lead to their recruitment by the host genome for gene regulatory functions. However, it is unclear how frequent co-option of transposable elements as regulatory elements is, to which regulatory programs they contribute and how they compare to regulatory elements devoid of transposable elements. Here, we report a transcription initiation-centric, in-depth characterization of the transposon-derived regulatory landscape of mouse embryonic stem cells. We demonstrate that a substantial number of transposable element insertions, in particular endogenous retroviral elements, are associated with open chromatin regions that are divergently transcribed into unstable RNAs in a cell-type specific manner, and that these elements contribute to a sizable proportion of active enhancers and gene promoters. We further show that transposon subfamilies contribute differently and distinctly to the pluripotency regulatory program through their repertoires of transcription factor binding site sequences, shedding light on the formation of regulatory programs and the origins of regulatory elements.