bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indocyanine Green to Visualize and Resect Pulmonary Sequestration in Adults
Authors: Ibrahim A. , Murtaja A. , Oberhuber A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPulmonary sequestration (PS) is a rare congenital pulmonary dysplasia which presents with recurrent chest infections and haemoptysis. Its diagnosis is difficult and suspected on contrast-enhanced chest CT. The definitive treatment of pulmonary sequestration is surgical resection or endoluminal occlusion of the abnormal feeding vessel. Here, we report an innovative technique in which per-operative indocyanine green guided excision of intra-lobar sequestrated lung parenchyma and ligation of abnormal feeding vessel. The first patient was a 44-year-old gentleman with recurrent bouts of cough for 2 years. Courses of antibiotics failed to resolve it. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy and routine blood tests did not show any abnormality. CECT chest showed multiloculated cystic solid and low density mass in the right lower lung. The area of the lesion received its blood supply from anomalous systemic artery originating from coeliac trunk. Intraoperative, indocyanine green was injected into the atypical vessel, and pulmonary sequestration turned green. A sequential atypical lung resection could be completely removed with parenchyma preservation. The second patient was a 53-year-old lady presenting with chest pain, cough and expectoration for 2 years not responding to general management and antibiotics. CECT showed a low-density mass in the right lower lung lobe, with a feeding arterial vessel arising from the abdominal aorta. This was diagnosed as PS and resected using per-operative indocyanine green with parenchymal preservation and ligation of feeding vessel. Both patients have been followed up for at least 1 year and are symptom free. The intraoperative use of indocyanine green could greatly facilitate the presentation of the extent of a lung sequestration and safe resection.
Is Being Funny a Useful Policy? How Local Governments’ Humorous Crisis Response Strategies and Crisis Responsibilities Influence Trust, Emotions, and Behavioral Intentions
Authors: Hämpke Janna , Röseler Stefan , Thielsch Meinald T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study is the first to investigate how a local government’s humorously framed response strategy on social media to a low-severity crisis influences people’s trust in the local government and their crisis-related behavioral intentions, specifically when considering the government’s responsibility for the crisis. Based on the situational crisis communication theory, we examined the mediating role of experienced positive or negative affect on people’s responses to a local government’s crisis communication strategy. Further, we exploratorily examined the predictive power and moderating role of demographics, sense of humor, disposition to trust, and the respective crisis scenarios. A total of 517 people participated in an online experiment in which they were confronted with three randomly presented fictive crisis scenarios where the local government’s crisis responsibility (high versus low) and the framing of their crisis response strategy (in form of humorous versus rational Twitter posts) were systematically varied between subjects. First, the results mostly corroborate earlier findings about the degree of crisis responsibility (that is, when a government’s crisis responsibility is high, people have less trust and behavioral intentions) and about the mediating role of experienced affect. Second, we found that humorously framed strategies negatively influence trust and positive affect (but not behavioral intentions). In contrast to earlier findings, the crisis responsibility × framing interaction was not significant. Altogether, the results advise against using humor in crisis communications on social media, even in low-severity crisis. Exploratory analyses indicate that further investigations should focus on specific crisis characteristics and potential moderators.
Can Common Elements Support a Public Health Approach to Child Maltreatment?
Authors: Polimeni Melinda , Tan Evelyn , Fang Cheryl Seah Kwee , Lewis Jane , McLeod Bryce D. , Bjorndal Arild 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Despite ongoing reforms to child protection systems and calls for a greater focus on prevention and early intervention, demand on statutory services continues to grow across developed countries. The reasons for this are multiple and complex and include: (1) barriers that exist within service systems themselves; (2) the entrenched and interwoven nature of the drivers of child maltreatment and (3) limited access to programs that can be implemented at scale. This means that empirically supported interventions that can address child maltreatment are not widely available to support a public health response. Several innovations to address the aforementioned challenges draw on ‘common elements’ approaches. Common elements are the discrete techniques commonly found in programs supported by evidence. Over the last 30 years, the evidence base regarding therapeutic techniques for child maltreatment has remained relatively stable, yet there has been a significant increase in the number of evidence-based programs or protocols available. Many of these protocols consist of different combinations of the same therapeutic elements. The Institute of Medicine in the USA has recently called for further research into common elements for psychosocial interventions as an approach to widening access to empirically supported techniques. This article will explore whether common elements may assist in overcoming some of the challenges we are facing in ‘realising’ a public health response to child maltreatment. The potential benefits and limitations of the approach will be outlined, as well as the existing evidence base, and future directions for research and evaluation.
What do climate impacts, health, and migration reveal about vulnerability and adaptation in the Marshall Islands?
Authors: Krzesni David , Brewington Laura 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClimate change is impacting public health in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI). Meanwhile, migration within the RMI and abroad is driven, in part, by access to better healthcare, and migration is also expected to be accelerated by climate change. Based on a survey of 199 RMI households, this study used logistic regression and hierarchical clustering to analyze the relationships between climate stressors, climate-related health impacts, and migration outcomes and identify vulnerable segments of the population. Climate stressors were experienced by all respondents but no significant correlations were found between stressors, health impacts, and expectation to migrate. When grouped according to the climate stressors they faced, however, one group was characterized by low stressors, high wealth, and a low expectation to migrate, whereas another experienced very high climate stressors, low wealth, and a high expectation to migrate. Only the first exhibited a statistically significant relationship between climate-related health impacts and migration; however, for the second, climate stressors were significantly related to proximate determinants of health, and there was no association with migration. To create equitable adaptation outcomes across diverse society, policies should expand economic and education prospects and reduce vulnerability to the direct and indirect health impacts of climate change.
Graphical Abstract
Households that were surveyed in the Marshall Islands have experienced many climate stressors and direct impacts to health, as well as the determinants of health, in recent years.
Audit and feedback as a tool to increase compliance with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) screening and decrease CPE transmission in the hospital
Authors: Ben Natan Orna , Stein Michal , Reisfeld Sharon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjective:To increase compliance with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) screening through real-time audit and feedback in our hospital and decrease CPE transmissions.Design:A before-and-after trial, using active enhanced surveillance of CPE carriers.Setting:A 500-bed, secondary, university-affiliated hospital that serves a population of 450,000 in a northern district in Israel.Methods:The study was conducted during 2016–2019 and included patients who were admitted to the hospital and fulfilled CPE screening criteria upon admission and during prolonged hospitalizations. On January 1, 2017, the infection control team implemented a new strategy of real-time feedback toward compliance with in-hospital screening guidelines. Other infection control measurements were performed without interventions. The primary outcome was compliance with appropriate CPE screening. Secondary outcomes included CPE acquisition and compliance with hand hygiene and contact precaution practices. Data were analyzed to calculate differences between compliance with CPE screening during the study period and to test the correlation between contact precautions and hand hygiene practices according to compliance with CPE screening.Results:During the study period, 3,131 patients were eligible for CPE screening. We detected a statistically significant increase in compliance to CPE screening from 74% during 2017 to 92% in 2018 and 95% in 2019 (P < .0001 for both comparisons). We detected a decrease in CPE transmission from 12% in 2017 to 2% in 2019 (P < .0001). We did not find any correlation between other infection control interventions and CPE screening and acquisition.Conclusion:Audit and feedback can improve appropriate CPE screening and may reduce CPE transmission in the hospital.
Patients‘ Attitudes Towards Medical Student Presence in Psychiatric Consultations
Authors: Kolshus E. M. , Akinmoluwa S. , Sloan D. , MacSuibhne S. , Kolshus E. H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectives:Studies on patient-student relationships have to date largely focused on student attitudes. This study explores attitudes of patients with psychiatric illness in Ireland, towards medical students. Patients’ experience of consent for student involvement is an area of concern in previous studies and is also quantified here.Methods:This was a mixed-methods cross-sectional survey of Irish adult psychiatric patients. Quantitative analysis was carried out using SPSS 22 (Statistical Product and Service Solutions, Version 22, IBM). Differences on Likert score between groups (male/female, hospital site, past experience with students/ no experience) were analysed using ordinal logistic regression with a p-value below 0.05 being significant. Qualitative data were analysed by thematic analysis using OpenCode 4.03Results:A total of 340 patients completed the survey. The mean age (sd) was 44.8 (16.3). 52.8% were female, 75.2% were outpatients. 24.3% had never met a medical student. Most patients were comfortable seeing students, but preferred students being passive observers. Patients with previous student experience had higher comfort levels and more positive attitudes. Although most patients (63.7%) strongly agreed they had been asked for consent, only 49.3% felt they had been given sufficient information. Qualitative data revealed preference for adequate information and notice of involvement. Patients felt pressured by student presence in certain circumstances.Conclusions:Psychiatric patients are comfortable with students but many feel inadequately informed. Patients recognise the benefits of interacting with students. More information is needed regarding circumstances in which patients give consent to involvement with students
Review of the parasitic nematodes of marine fishes from off the American continent
Authors: Pereira Felipe B. , González-Solís David 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe ichthyofauna of the Atlantic and Pacific coasts off the American continent is very rich. Consequently, a high biodiversity of nematodes parasitizing these vertebrates is also expected. Currently, data on nematode parasites of marine fish off the Americas are fragmented. A review of all adult nematode species reported parasitizing marine fish from off the American continent is herein presented, as well as comments on their patterns of diversity, life cycles and advances in the taxonomic and phylogenetic knowledge. A total of 209 valid species, 19species inquirendaeand 6 dubious records have been recorded, the majority from the fish taxa Eupercaria and Perciformes. The families Sciaenidae, Serranidae and Lutjanidae, as well as the tropical and temperate Atlantic waters, exhibited the highest records of parasitic nematodes. The Cucullanidae, Philometridae and Cystidicolidae were the most speciose families of nematodes, which may be related to technological advances and relatively recent efforts of taxonomists, resulting in description of new taxa and the resolution of taxonomic problems. Numerous taxonomic questions still need resolution and, even though genetic data have been important for this process, the database is very scarce. This is the first review on all currently known nematode species parasitizing marine fish off the Americas and may serve as an important basis of reference for future approaches on these organisms.
Unravelling the trophic interaction between a parasitic barnacle (Anelasma squalicola) and its host Southern lanternshark (Etmopterus granulosus) using stable isotopes
Authors: Sabadel A. J. M. , Cresson P. , Finucci B. , Bennett J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe parasitic barnacle, Anelasma squalicola, is a rare and evolutionary fascinating organism. Unlike most other filter-feeding barnacles, A. squalicola has evolved the capability to uptake nutrient from its host, exclusively parasitizing deepwater sharks of the families Etmopteridae and Pentanchidae. The physiological mechanisms involved in the uptake of nutrients from its host are not yet known. Using stable isotopes and elemental compositions, we followed the fate of nitrogen, carbon and sulphur through various tissues of A. squalicola and its host, the Southern lanternshark Etmopterus granulosus, to better understand the trophic relationship between parasite and host. Like most marine parasites, A. squalicola is lipid-rich and clear differences were found in the stable isotope ratios between barnacle organs. It is evident that the deployment of a system of ‘rootlets’, which merge with host tissues, allows A. squalicola to draw nutrients from its host. Through this system, proteins are then rerouted to the exterior structural tissues of A. squalicola while lipids are used for maintenance and egg synthesis. The nutrient requirement of A. squalicola was found to change from protein-rich to lipid-rich between its early development stage and its definitive size.
Systemic and Structural Injustice: Is There a Difference?
Authors: Haslanger Sally 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe terms ‘structural injustice’ and ‘systemic injustice’ are commonly used, but their meanings are elusive. In this paper, I sketch an ontology of social systems that embeds accounts of social structures, relations, and practices. On this view, structures may be intrinsically problematic, or they may be problematic only insofar as they interact with other structures in the system to produce injustice. Because social practices that constitute structures set the backdrop for agency and identity, socially fluent agents reproduce the systems, often unknowingly and unintentionally. The account aims to capture how agents both depend on and enact structures, and do so in ways that, as Ta-Nehisi Coates says, ‘land on the body’.
Treating postpartum insomnia: a three arm randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy and light dark therapy
Authors: Verma Sumedha , Quin Nina , Astbury Laura , Wellecke Cornelia , Wiley Joshua F. , Davey Margot , Rajaratnam Shantha M. W. , Bei Bei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundInsomnia symptoms are common during the postpartum period, yet interventions remain scarce. This trial aimed to simultaneously examine the efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and light dark therapy (LDT), targeting different mechanisms, against treatment-as-usual (TAU), in reducing maternal postpartum insomnia symptoms.MethodsThis three-arm randomised controlled trial recruited from the general community in Australia. Nulliparous females 4–12 months postpartum with self-reported insomnia symptoms [Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores >7] were included; severe medical/psychiatric conditions were excluded. Participants were randomised 1:1:1 to CBT, LDT, or TAU stratified by ISI (< or ⩾14) and infant age (< or ⩾8 months). Participants and principal investigators were unblinded. Six-week interventions were delivered via digital materials and telephone. The primary outcome was insomnia symptoms (ISI), assessed pre-, midpoint-, post- (primary endpoint), and one-month post-intervention. Analyses were intention-to-treat using latent growth models.Results114 participants (CBT = 39, LDT = 36, TAU = 39; Mage = 32.20 ± 4.62 years) were randomised. There were significantly greater reductions in ISI scores in CBT and LDT (effect sizes −2.01 and −1.52 respectively, p < 0.001) from baseline to post-intervention compared to TAU; improvements were maintained at follow-up. Similar effects were observed for self-reported sleep disturbance. There were greater reductions in fatigue in CBT (effect size = 0.85, p < 0.001) but not LDT (p = 0.11) compared to TAU. Changes in sleepiness, depression, and anxiety were non-significant compared to TAU (all p > 0.08). Four participants (11%) in the LDT group reported headaches, dizziness, or nausea; no others reported adverse events.ConclusionsTherapist-assisted CBT and LDT were feasible during the first postpartum year; data at post-intervention and 1-month follow-up support their safety and efficacy in reducing postpartum insomnia symptoms.
The incidence rate of planned and emergency physical health hospital admissions in people diagnosed with severe mental illness: a cohort study
Authors: Launders Naomi , Hayes Joseph F. , Price Gabriele , Marston Louise , Osborn David P. J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeople with severe mental illness (SMI) have more physical health conditions than the general population, resulting in higher rates of hospitalisations and mortality. In this study, we aimed to determine the rate of emergency and planned physical health hospitalisations in those with SMI, compared to matched comparators, and to investigate how these rates differ by SMI diagnosis.MethodsWe used Clinical Practice Research DataLink Gold and Aurum databases to identify 20,668 patients in England diagnosed with SMI between January 2000 and March 2016, with linked hospital records in Hospital Episode Statistics. Patients were matched with up to four patients without SMI. Primary outcomes were emergency and planned physical health admissions. Avoidable (ambulatory care sensitive) admissions and emergency admissions for accidents, injuries and substance misuse were secondary outcomes. We performed negative binomial regression, adjusted for clinical and demographic variables, stratified by SMI diagnosis.ResultsEmergency physical health (aIRR:2.33; 95% CI 2.22–2.46) and avoidable (aIRR:2.88; 95% CI 2.60–3.19) admissions were higher in patients with SMI than comparators. Emergency admission rates did not differ by SMI diagnosis. Planned physical health admissions were lower in schizophrenia (aIRR:0.80; 95% CI 0.72–0.90) and higher in bipolar disorder (aIRR:1.33; 95% CI 1.24–1.43). Accident, injury and substance misuse emergency admissions were particularly high in the year after SMI diagnosis (aIRR: 6.18; 95% CI 5.46–6.98).ConclusionWe found twice the incidence of emergency physical health admissions in patients with SMI compared to those without SMI. Avoidable admissions were particularly elevated, suggesting interventions in community settings could reduce hospitalisations. Importantly, we found underutilisation of planned inpatient care in patients with schizophrenia. Interventions are required to ensure appropriate healthcare use, and optimal diagnosis and treatment of physical health conditions in people with SMI, to reduce the mortality gap due to physical illness.
Bovine ICSI: limiting factors, strategies to improve its efficiency and alternative approaches
Authors: Fuentes Fernanda , Muñoz Erwin , Contreras María José , Arias María Elena , Felmer Ricardo 
Published: September 2022

SummaryIntracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an assisted reproductive technique mainly used to overcome severe infertility problems associated with the male factor, but in cattle its efficiency is far from optimal. Artificial activation treatments combining ionomycin (Io) with 6-dimethylaminopurine after piezo-ICSI or anisomycin after conventional ICSI have recently increased the blastocyst rate obtained. Compounds to capacitate bovine spermatozoa, such as heparin and methyl-β-cyclodextrin and compounds to destabilize sperm membranes such as NaOH, lysolecithin and Triton X-100, have been assessed, although they have failed to substantially improve post-ICSI embryonic development. Disulfide bond reducing agents, such as dithiothreitol (DTT), dithiobutylamine and reduced glutathione, have been assessed to decondense the hypercondensed head of bovine spermatozoa, the two latter being more efficient than DTT and less harmful. Although piezo-directed ICSI without external activation has generated high fertilization rates and modest rates of early embryo development, other studies have required exogenous activation to improve the results. This manuscript thoroughly reviews the different strategies used in bovine ICSI to improve its efficiency and proposes some alternative approaches, such as the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as ‘biological methods of oocyte activation’ or the incorporation of EVs in thein vitromaturation and/or culture medium as antioxidant defence agents to improve the competence of the ooplasm, as well as a preincubation of the spermatozoa in estrous oviductal fluid to induce physiological capacitation and acrosome reaction before ICSI, and the use of hyaluronate in the sperm immobilization medium.
Enhancing member engagement in a Tier 3 personality disorder service during COVID-19: evaluation of a virtual group programme
Authors: Smith Emma , Papastavrou Brooks Cat , Clifford Emma , Giles Emily , Dring Jessica , Startup Helen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground:Drop-out rates from evidence-based interventions for people with a diagnosis of personality disorder (PD) are high. The COVID-19 pandemic has likely exacerbated barriers to engagement with the introduction of virtual working. Virtual therapy has a good evidence-base for Axis I disorders, but limited research for Axis II disorders.Aims:To investigate facilitators and barriers to engagement in a Tier 3 PD service virtual group programme.Method:A virtual group programme was developed in collaboration with service members, and analysed members’ attendance rates over a 5-month period pre- and post-COVID-19. Thematic analysis of semi-structured telephone interviews with 38 members is reported, describing their experience of the virtual group programme.Results:Attendance rates were significantly higher pre-COVID (72%) than post-COVID (50%). Thematic analysis highlighted key barriers to attendance were: practical issues, low motivation, challenges of working in a group online and feeling triggered at home. Main promoters of engagement were: feeling valued, continued sense of connection and maintaining focus on recovery.Discussion:The results suggest that the pandemic has exacerbated relational and practical barriers to engagement in a Tier 3 PD service. Ways of enhancing engagement are discussed, as well as preliminary recommendation for services offering virtual therapy to people with a diagnosis of PD.