bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative muscle ultrasound in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Comparing to magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Hu Jun , Jiang Li , Hong Siqi , Cheng Li , Wang Qiao , Peng Xuehua , Qin Jiaqiang , Zou Lin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThere is a need today for favorable biomarkers to follow up on the disease progression and therapeutic response in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). This study evaluates whether quantitative muscle ultrasound (QMUS) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more suitable for the assessment of DMD in China.MethodsThirty‐six boys with DMD, who were treated with prednisone from baseline to month 12, were enrolled in this longitudinal, observational cohort study. Muscle thickness and echo intensity on QMUS and T1‐weighted MRI grading were measured in the right rectus femoris.ResultsScores for muscle thickness and echo intensity in QMUS and T1‐weighted MRI grading showed significant correlations with the clinical characteristics of muscle strength, timed testing, and quality of life (p < 0.05). Scores for muscle thickness and echo intensity on QMUS also showed good correlations with T1‐weighted MRI grading (p < 0.05). However, 15 of 36 boys with DMD did not undergo MRI examinations for various reasons.ConclusionsQMUS and MRI can be used as biomarkers for tracking DMD to some extent. Both have strengths and weaknesses and the specific needs and goals of the clinical or research project are what make one preferable to the other.
P53 immunolabeling in EUS‐FNA biopsy can predict low resection rate and early recurrence in resectable or borderline resectable pancreatic cancer treated with neoadjuvant therapy
Authors: Oshima Minoru , Okano Keiichi , Kamada Hideki , Suto Hironobu , Ando Yasuhisa , Ibuki Emi , Ishikawa Ryo , Masaki Tsutomu , Haba Reiji , Suzuki Yasuyuki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeKRAS, P16, TP53, and SMAD4/DPC4 mutations are common in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The study aimed to evaluate the association between gene mutations in pre‐treatment endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) samples and clinical outcomes of patients with PDAC.MethodsThere were 43 patients with resectable (R) PDAC and 41 patients with borderline resectable (BR) PDAC. CDKN2A/p16, TP53, and SMAD4/DPC4 were evaluated through immunohistochemistry (IHC) of pretreatment EUS‐FNA (n = 84) and resected specimens (n = 71). All patients received neoadjuvant therapy.ResultsIHC of EUS‐FNA specimens revealed p16 loss in 61 (73%), abnormal p53 in 61 (73%), and Smad4 loss in 38 (45%) patients. Abnormal p53 was associated with a lower resection rate (p = .017). Abnormal p53 and Smad4 loss were associated with recurrence within 6 months post‐pancreatectomy (p = .03, p = .03, respectively). Univariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to reveal that abnormal p53 (p = .07), p16 loss and abnormal p53 (p = .04), and Smad4 and p16 loss (p = .03) were associated with poor prognosis.ConclusionsPre‐treatment abnormal labeling of p53 in EUS‐FNA specimen was associated with a lower resection rate and an early recurrence in R or BR PDAC cases.
Using participatory research to identify actionable facilitators and barriers to effective inpatient interdisciplinary communication
Authors: Jenkins Ashley M. , Weber Danielle E. , Arfaa Jennifer Jasmine E. , Arken Andrew , Clark Danielle L. , Dobbs Emily , Lahbabi Betina , Myers Kurt , Tu Jamie , Clarke‐Myers Katherine 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundCommunication failures occur often in the inpatient setting. Efforts to understand and improve communication often exclude patients or are siloed by discipline.ObjectiveWe aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to effective communication within interdisciplinary inpatient internal medicine (IM) teams using a participatory research approach.DesignWe conducted a single‐center participatory mixed methods study using group‐level assessment (GLA) and concept mapping to iteratively engage stakeholders. Stakeholder groups included patients/families, IM faculty, IM residents, nurses and ancillary staff, and care managers. Stakeholder‐specific GLA sessions were conducted. Participants responded to prompts addressing interdisciplinary communication then worked in small groups to synthesize the qualitative data into unique ideas. A subset of each stakeholder group then sorted ideas through a concept mapping exercise. Multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to generate a concept map of the data.ResultsParticipants generated 97 unique ideas that were then sorted. The research team chose an eight‐cluster concept map representing patient inclusion and engagement, processes and resources, team morale and inclusive dynamics, attitudes and behaviors, effective communication, barriers to communication, the culture of healthcare, and clear expectations. Three larger domains of patient inclusion and engagement, organizational conditions and role clarity, and team dynamics and behaviors were noted.ConclusionUse of a participatory research approach made it feasible to engage diverse stakeholders including patients. Our results highlight the need to identify context‐specific facilitators and barriers of interdisciplinary communication. The importance of clear expectations was identified as a prioritized area to target communication improvement efforts.
Investigating the effect of soil cracks on preferential flow using a dye tracing infiltration experiment in karst in Southwest China
Authors: Hou Fang , Cheng Jinhua , Guan Ning 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSoil cracks significantly affect the preferential flow, and various uncertainties are associated with the effect of soil cracks on preferential flow in karst areas in Southwest China. This study investigated soil crack properties (inclusions, width, and configuration) by applying ground‐penetrating RADAR (GPR) to pedons. Blue dye‐tracing experiments were designed based on the geophysical detection results to assess the influences of crack inclusions (sand grains and rock fragments), crack widths (1, 1.5, and 2 cm), and configurations (I‐shape, V‐shape, and Λ‐shape) on preferential flow. The following results were obtained: (1) the GPR envelope can describe the configuration of isolated soil cracks; (2) soil cracks can accelerate infiltration and increase the maximum dye‐penetration depth, cumulative infiltration, and wetting‐front depth by averages of at least 5.2%, 63.2% and 4.4%, respectively; and (3) the I‐ and Λ‐shaped soil crack configurations contributed to preferential flow, but the preferential flow was not observed along the V‐shaped‐configuration‐crack pore paths despite the retardation of brilliant blue FCF. The I‐shaped configurations, with a crack width of 1.5 cm, were filled with rock fragments and had higher preferential flow ratios (18.2%–52.3%) and length indices (4.0%–33.8%) compared to the other configurations. In summary, inclusions, crack width, and configuration significantly influence the preferential flow (p < 0.05), and the influence of these soil crack properties on preferential flow cannot be neglected during vegetation restoration and groundwater security operations in karst areas.
Facial nerve stimulation in adult cochlear implant recipients with far advanced otosclerosis
Authors: Tuset Maria‐Pia , Baptiste Amandine , Cyna Gorse Françoise , Sterkers Olivier , Nguyen Yann , Lahlou Ghizlène , Ferrary Evelyne , Mosnier Isabelle 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to predict occurrence of facial nerve stimulation (FNS) in cochlear implanted patients for far‐advanced otosclerosis (FAO) by correlating preoperative computed tomography (CT)‐scan data to FNS and to evaluate FNS impact on hearing outcomes.MethodsRetrospective analysis on 91 ears (76 patients) implanted for FAO. Electrodes were straight (50%) or perimodiolar (50%). Demographic data, extension of otosclerosis on preoperative CT scan, occurrence of FNS, and speech performance were analyzed.ResultsPrevalence of FNS was 21% (19 ears). FNS appeared during the first month (21%), 1–6 months (26%), 6–12 months (21%), and over 1 year (32%) postimplantation. Cumulative incidence of FNS at 15 years was 33% (95% CI = [14–47%]). Extension of otosclerotic lesions on preimplantation CT‐scan was more severe in FNS ears compared to No‐FNS (p < .05): for Stage III, 13/19 (68%) and 18/72 (25%) ears for FNS and No‐FNS groups, respectively (p < .05). Location of otosclerotic lesions relative to the facial nerve canal was similar whatever the presence or not of FNS. Electrode array had no impact on FNS occurrence. At 1 year post‐implantation, duration of profound hearing loss (≥5 years) and previous stapedotomy were negatively associated with speech performance. FNS did not impact hearing outcomes, despite a lower percentage of activated electrodes (p < .01) in the FNS group. Nevertheless, FNS were associated with a decrease of speech performance both in quiet (p < .001) and in noise (p < .05).ConclusionCochlear implanted patients for FAO are at greater risk of developing FNS affecting speech performance over time, probably due to a higher percentage of deactivated electrodes. High resolution CT‐scan is an essential tool allowing FNS prediction but not time of onset.Level of evidence2b, Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology, 2022.
Stereoselective Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization with Tungsten Sulfido Alkylidene N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes
Authors: Buchmeiser Michael R. , Probst Patrick , Wang Dongren , Hauser Philipp 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA series of cationic tungsten sulfido alkylidene N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes (W01 – W09) of the general formula [W(S)(CHCMe3)(X)(NHC)(CMe3CN)+B(ArF)4−] (NHC = 1,3‐dimesitylimidazol‐2‐ylidene, IMes; 1,3‐dimesityl‐4,5‐dichloroimidazol‐2‐ylidene, IMesCl2; 1,3‐bis(2,6‐xdiisopropyl)phenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene, IDipp; X = Cl, C6F5O, 2,6‐Ph2‐C6H3; B(ArF)4− = tetrakis(3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate) are used as initiators in the stereoselective ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of (+) 2,3‐endo, exo‐dicarbomethoxynorborn‐5‐ene ((+)DCMNBE, M1). Trans‐isospecifity up to 84% is achieved along with varying percentages of cis‐syndiospecifity. The different extent of trans‐isospecifity is compared to the one of related benchmark cationic molybdenum and tungsten imido and tungsten oxo alkylidene NHC complexes. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the syn‐isomer of a nitrile‐free initiator reacts with M1 presumably in an eneanti fashion to yield a syn‐first insertion product via turnstile rearrangement, which accounts for the predominant trans‐isospecifity of the polymerization. The cis‐syndiotactic sequences are proposed to stem from the competing enesyn addition of M1 to a nitrile‐containing syn‐isomer of the initiator.
Estimate of largest velocities for Vlasov–Poisson plasma with radiation damping
Authors: Hu Xianghong , Zhang Xianwen 
Published: November 2022

In this article, we study the asymptotic behavior of classical solutions to three‐dimensional Vlasov–Poisson system with radiation damping arising in plasma physics. For smooth solutions with compact support in phase space, the growth estimate of the largest velocity of plasma particles is improved to
. As a consequence, some better estimates of the charge density and electrostatic field are obtained.
Die älteste deutsche Chemiefabrik
Authors: Offermanns Heribert 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIm Fichtelgebirge entstand Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts in Form der Chemischen Fabrik Marktredwitz das erste Chemiewerk Deutschlands. Eine der Hauptchemikalien war Quecksilber, was Mitte der 1980er Jahre zu einem Umweltskandal führte.
Entzündungsauflösende Mediatoren: Signal oder Rauschen?
Authors: Osterath Brigitte 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLipoxine und Resolvine sind Verbindungen, die im Körper das Auflösen von Entzündungsprozessen stimulieren. Entdeckt und beschrieben haben Biochemiker diese Stoppsignalgeber bereits vor über drei Jahrzehnten; inzwischen gehören sie fast schon zum Lehrbuchwissen. Aber eine wachsende Gruppe von Forschenden warnt jetzt, dass die Wissenschaft sich hier auf einem Irrweg befinde.
Gegen chemische Kampfstoffe
Authors: Schmitz Karin J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSeit dem Überfall Russlands auf die Ukraine gibt es Befürchtungen, die Kriegsparteien könnten Chemiewaffen einsetzen. Als Chemikerinnen und Chemiker haben wir eine besondere Verantwortung, Herstellung und Verwendung chemischer Waffen zu verhindern. Die GDCh ist an verschiedenen Stellen aktiv, um das Bewusstsein dafür zu schärfen.
„Doing the right things right”
Authors: Neubauer Uta 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPaul Anastas of Yale University in New Haven is considered the father of green chemistry. He introduced the term over three decades ago and in 1998, together with his colleague and friend John Warner, published Twelve Principles for the sustainable design and production of chemicals. Last summer, the GDCh honoured the two US chemists with the August Wilhelm von Hofmann Memorial Medal. A conversation with Paul Anastas about the current world situation, the need to transform the chemical industry and his optimistic view into the future.
Splitting failure of a composite under longitudinal tension
Authors: Zhou Yi , Huang Zheng‐Ming , Wang Jian‐Xiu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSignificant variation can be found in measurements for the longitudinal tensile strength of the same unidirectional (UD) composite. A splitting failure is one of the main reasons. It is shown in this paper that the shear stress component resulted from a longitudinal tension and a fiber misalignment can cause the matrix to fail before fiber break. The misalignment angle consists of an initial off‐axial angle and a further fiber rotation during the loading. Based on the micromechanics Bridging Model and the matrix true stress theory established by the author, splitting failure has been analyzed and predicted rigorously in this paper, only using the fiber and matrix properties together with the fiber misalignment angle. The fiber initial misalignment angle of a unidirectional plate can be obtained from testing statistics, or deducing from measured longitudinal compression strength. Our research indicates that the longitudinal tensile strength and the relevant failure mode can be significantly affected by the fiber initial misalignment.
Mechanical properties of cellulose‐based multiscale composites: A review
Authors: Ganapathy Viswanath , Muthukumaran Gunasegeran , Sudhagar P. Edwin , Rashedi Ahmad , Norrrahim Mohd Nor Faiz , Ilyas Rushdan Ahmad , Goh Kheng Lim , Jawaid Mohammad , Naveen Jesuarockiam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNanocellulose, which is cellulose in the form of nanostructures, has emerged as one of the most significant green materials of our time in recent years because of their appealing and exceptional characteristics such as abundance, high aspect ratio, improved mechanical capabilities, renewability, and biocompatibility. The present review mainly covers the effect of different properties of nanocellulose on the mechanical properties of nanocellulose‐based multiscale composites. Our review article covers the classification of nanocellulose structures, extraction of Nanocellulose, and mechanical properties of cellulose‐based multiscale composites such as tensile, flexural and impact, followed by the applications of nanocellulose‐based multiscale fiber reinforced polymer composites. There is a demand in the industry for an efficient alternate material to man‐made synthetic materials with superior mechanical properties. Nano cellulose‐based multiscale composites can be an efficient alternative to meet sustainability goals without compromising performance.
Urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin: A novel biomarker for predicting chronic kidney disease in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Navadurong Huttakan , Prasoppokakorn Thaninee , Srisawat Nattachai , Chaiteerakij Roongruedee , Komolmit Piyawat , Tangkijvanich Pisit , Treeprasertsuk Sombat 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are common diseases worldwide. Reports of a high prevalence of CKD in NAFLD patients have been documented. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a reliable biomarker for renal dysfunction, and it is recommended for early detection of acute kidney injury (AKI) in cirrhotic patients. Currently, there is no evidence for using urine NGAL to predict CKD in NAFLD patients. We aim to determine the proportion of CKD and identify the predictive value of NGAL and other factors associated with CKD in these patients.MethodsA single‐center, cross‐sectional study was conducted between July 2018 and December 2019 in consecutive NAFLD patients diagnosed by transient elastography (TE) or liver biopsy at a tertiary care university hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. Advanced liver fibrosis is defined as fibrosis stages 3–4. The definition of CKD is estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml⋅min−1⋅1.73 m−2 based on the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guideline 2012. Urine NGAL level was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique.ResultsA total of 101 NAFLD patients were included with a mean age of 54 ± 16 years. Among these patients, 14 (13.9%), 13 (12.9%), and 32 (31.7%) had fibrosis stages 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Nine percent (9 of 101) of patients with NAFLD with a mean eGFR of 42.66 ± 17.42 ml⋅min−1⋅1.73 m−2. The statistically significant factors associated with CKD were a higher level of urine NGAL (55.1 [25.15–150.60] vs. 15.1 [9.67–25.15] ng/ml; p = 0.006), a higher level of TE (17.3 [6.85–46.20] vs. 7.7 [5.6–11.7] kPa; p = 0.038), and a presence of advanced fibrosis (77.8% vs. 40.7%; p = 0.041), compared to those without CKD. Urine NGAL was the only significant factor associated with CKD in NAFLD patients. The cutoff level of urine NGAL at 36.75 ng/ml showed odds ratio of 21.27 (95% CI: 3.97–113.82; p < 0.001) and 1.02 (95% CI: 1.00–1.04; p = 0.024) by univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively. The selected urine NGAL cutoff demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 77.8% and 85.9% for predicting CKD, respectively.ConclusionsThe proportion of CKD in NAFLD patients was 9% and the presence of advanced fibrosis was a significant risk factor associated with CKD. Additionally, urine NGAL was significantly associated with CKD in NAFLD patients using a cutoff level of 36.75 ng/ml for predicting CKD with acceptable sensitivity and specificity. A larger prospective cohort study is needed to validate our findings.
Vision Zero and Other Road Safety Targets
Authors: Edvardsson Björnberg Karin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEvery year, around 1.3 million people are killed on the road and another 20–50 million are severely injured. This makes road safety one of the most critical global public health issues. To address the negative trend, the international community has responded with the adoption of road safety targets. Sustainable Development Goals 3.6 and 11.2 are two examples. Also at the national level, goals and targets are increasingly used to steer work towards improved road safety. The frequent use of goals and targets in road safety policy makes it interesting to investigate under what conditions the adopted goals can be expected to be achieved. This chapter summarizes the main themes and conclusions of research that have been conducted on goal-setting in road safety policy and management to date. Drawing on previous research, it outlines and discusses a set of criteria that road safety goals should meet in order to be achievement-inducing, that is, have the capacity to guide and induce efforts towards the vision of zero fatalities and serious injuries on the road.
Vision Zero in Norway
Authors: Elvik Rune 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter describes the adoption of Vision Zero in Norway and some of the impacts on transport safety policy that can be traced to it. These impacts concern the following:

the demand for improved knowledge about the effects of road safety measures,

the creation of a new forum for developing road safety policy,

the adoption of quantified road safety targets and a system for management by objectives based on road safety indicators,

the identification of roads suitable for conversion to motorways or to 2+1 roads based on the Swedish model,

the revision of speed limit policy and

the revision of standards for the design and use of guardrails.

It is argued that the adoption of Vision Zero has had a major impact on road safety policy in Norway and may have contributed to speeding up the decline in the number of traffic fatalities and serious injuries after the year 2000.
Vision Zero in Lithuania
Authors: Žuraulis Vidas , Pumputis Vidmantas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter covers statistical data and initiatives related to the challenges and achievements of road safety in Lithuania. After providing an overview and an evaluation of previous programs to improve road safety in Lithuania, we discuss a selection of various improvements and assessment of safe traffic measures and their efficiency through relevant information from research and statistical data analysis. Priorities to achieve safer behavior of road users, safer streets and roads, safer vehicles, safer rail transport, and higher survival rates after accidents are discussed in more detail. The country-specific issues of pedestrian fatalities in dark hours, intensive land transportation due to geographical location, and accidents related to railway level crossings are also presented.
Vision Zero in EU Policy: An NGO Perspective
Authors: Townsend Ellen , Avenoso Antonio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter documents the roots of Vision Zero in EU road safety policymaking and is written from the perspective of the European Transport Safety Council, an NGO that has been deeply engaged in the topic for more than 25 years, from the very beginning of EU road safety policy in the mid-1980s to its first adoption in 2011 and on to the present day. The chapter shows that the Vision Zero approach is now integrated into the new EU road safety strategy. The presence of elements of Vision Zero during the different timeframes is presented. These include ethics, shared responsibility, the philosophy of building a system which allows for error and, finally, creating a mechanism for change. The current EU road safety strategy, which adopts these elements, is reviewed in more detail. More recent implementation is illustrated by references to Vision Zero within two recent, important pieces of road safety legislation, on infrastructure and vehicle safety.This chapter is written by ETSC and based on the organization’s interest and key role in the discussions. It refers to EU official documents going back to 1984, ETSC’s own reports and the institutional experience of ETSC and of the two authors. Despite every effort being made to be as objective as possible, the chapter is written from the perspectives of two active participants in the discussions and is therefore not a truly independent account. However, it is hoped that the material presented is useful nonetheless.