bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which log variables significantly predict academic achievement? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Qin , Mousavi Amin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTechnologies and teaching practices can provide a rich log data, which enables learning analytics (LA) to bring new insights into the learning process for ultimately enhancing student success. This type of data has been used to discover student online learning patterns, relationships between online learning behaviors and assessment performance. Previous studies have provided empirical evidence that not all log variables were significantly associated with student academic achievement and the relationships varied across courses. Therefore, this study employs a systematic review with meta‐analysis method to provide a comprehensive review of the log variables that have an impact on student academic achievement. We searched six databases and reviewed 88 relevant empirical studies published from 2010 to 2021 for an in‐depth analysis. The results show different types of log variables and the learning contexts investigated in the reviewed studies. We also included four moderating factors to do moderator analyses. A further significance test was performed to test the difference of effect size among different types of log variables. Limitations and future research expectations are provided subsequently.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Significant relationship between active engagement in online courses and academic achievement was identified in a number of previous studies.
Researchers have reviewed the literature to examine different aspects of applying LA to gain insights for monitoring student learning in digital environments (eg, data sources, data analysis techniques).
What this paper adds

Presents a new perspective of the log variables, which provides a reliable quantitative conclusion of log variables in predicting student academic achievement.
Conducted subgroup analysis, examined four potential moderating variables and identified their moderating effect on several log variables such as regularity of study interval, number of online sessions, time‐on‐task, starting late and late submission.
Compared the effect of generic and course‐specific, basic and elaborated log variables, and found significant difference between the basic and elaborated.
Implications for practice and/or policy

A depth of understanding of these log variables may enable researchers to build robust prediction models.
It can guide the instructors to timely adjust teaching strategies according to their online learning behaviors.
The psychology of colonial ideologies: Decoupling pro‐egalitarian and neo‐colonial sources of support for Puerto Rico statehood
Authors: Rivera Pichardo Eduardo J. , Vargas Salfate Salvador , Knowles Eric D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAmong Puerto Ricans, support for U.S. statehood (i.e. the complete annexation of Puerto Rico as the 51st state of the United States) has been linked to an internalized sense of inferiority, colonial system justification and political conservatism. However, no research has explored this question from the perspective of U.S. Americans. We analyse the role that the dual colonial ideologies of historical negation (of colonial injustices) and symbolic exclusion (of the colonial subjects) have in explaining support for Puerto Rico's statehood and other political status options for Puerto Rico among U.S. Americans, applying a decolonial adaptation of the Dark Duo Model of Post‐Colonial Ideology (DDM). Confirmatory factor analyses validate the factor structure of our adaptation of the DDM scale in an MTurk sample (N = 435) and two student samples (N = 578; N = 381). Latent profile analyses uncover two distinct ideological groups that tend to support Puerto Rican statehood: a ‘pro‐egalitarian’ group committed to both cultural inclusion and material aid for Puerto Rico and a ‘neo‐colonial’ group equally open to cultural inclusion but opposed to material aid. We discuss how symbolic cultural politics, not an egalitarian commitment to material aid aimed at redressing colonial injustices, underlie support for the annexation of Puerto Rico among a significant group of U.S. Americans.
Development of social functioning in children with cerebral palsy: A longitudinal study
Authors: Burgess Andrea , Sakzewski Leanne , Whittingham Koa , Wotherspoon Jane , Chatfield Mark D. , Ware Robert S. , Boyd Roslyn N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo describe the development of social function in children with cerebral palsy (CP) classified in all levels of the Communication Function Classification System (CFCS).MethodThis prospective, longitudinal population‐based cohort study recruited children with CP born in Queensland, Australia. Social functioning was measured using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) social function domain at 2 years, 2 years 6 months, 3 years, 4 years, and 5 years, and the PEDI Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI‐CAT) social/cognitive domain at 8 to 12 years.ResultsSeventy‐four children provided 356 observations. PEDI‐CAT social/cognitive scaled scores at 8 to 12 years were (mean [SD] n) CFCS level I, 68.6 (2.7) 45; CFCS level II, 64.0 (3.4) 10; CFCS level III, 63.5 (3.7) 4; CFCS level IV, 56.8 (5.0) 9; CFCS level V, 47.2 (5.8) 6. Scores within expected range for age (not less than 2 SD below mean) at 8 to 12 years were achieved by 35 (78%) children in CFCS level I and four (14%) in CFCS levels II to V. Forty‐nine per cent of children scored at least two standard deviations below the population mean on a proxy measure of fluid intelligence. Intellectual impairment was associated with lower PEDI‐CAT social/cognitive scaled scores in univariable analysis (β = −8.3, 95% confidence interval − 10.91 to −5.63; p < 0.001) but had a smaller effect when modelled together with CFCS.InterpretationSocial function attained by 8 to 12 years of age was strongly related to level of communication function (CFCS). The small number of children classified in CFCS levels II to V necessitates caution when viewing these individual CFCS level trajectories.What this paper adds

There is a strong relation between social functioning and Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) levels.
At 8 to 12 years, 35 out of 45 children in CFCS level I met social functioning age expectations.
Twenty‐five out of 29 in CFCS levels II to V had social functioning below that expected for age.
CFCS and age were more strongly associated with development of social functioning than Gross Motor Function Classification System or Manual Ability Classification System and age.
Growth and mortality of sympatric Atlantic salmon and brown trout fry in fluctuating and stable flows
Authors: Addo Louis , Hajiesmaeili Mahboobeh , Piccolo John J. , Watz Johan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSub‐daily fluctuations in streamflow may have adverse effects on the biota downstream of dams in hydropeaking‐regulated rivers. Although the stranding of salmonid fry is one documented effect of hydropeaking, little is known about the species‐specific behavioural and subsequent growth effects of sub‐daily flow fluctuations. We investigated the effects of sub‐daily flow fluctuation on growth, mortality and behaviour of sympatric Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (S. trutta) fry (29–34 mm) in a laboratory experiment. The fluctuating flow treatment negatively affected growth and increased mortality for trout but not for salmon. The level of aggressive behaviour was similar in the fluctuating‐ and stable‐flow treatments. Within the fluctuating flow treatment, there was a trend that more fishes were visibly active above the substrate during low than high flow. These findings suggest that hydropeaking‐induced flow fluctuations may affect fry of different salmonid species in different ways and that brown trout fry may be more vulnerable to hydropeaking effects than Atlantic salmon fry. It can therefore be important to consider the possibility of divergent reactions by different fish species under hydropeaking situations and to incorporate species‐specific strategies to conserve culturally and economically relevant riverine fish species.
Emotion dysregulation and couple relationship satisfaction of clinical couples: An actor‐partner interdependence model
Authors: Xu Min , Johnson Lee N. , Anderson Shayne R. , Hunt Quintin , Bradford Angela B. , Banford Witting Alyssa , Bean Roy , Miller Rick B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite the pivotal role that emotion regulation is thought to occupy for individual and relational wellbeing, emotion regulation in couples has been surprisingly understudied. With a clinical sample consisting of 275 couples starting therapy from 2017 to 2022, this study sought to clarify the actor and partner effects of clinical couples' emotion dysregulation on relationship satisfaction. Our results showed that, for partners' emotion dysregulation dimensions, while impulse control difficulties, lack of emotional awareness, and limited emotion regulation strategies were negatively predictive of couple relationship satisfaction, nonacceptance of negative emotions had a positive association with relationship satisfaction. Further, compared with other dimensions of emotion dysregulation, female limited emotion regulation strategies were greater predictors of decreased female relationship satisfaction. We also found significant gender differences in partners' emotion dysregulation dimensions and relationship satisfaction. These results show the significance of addressing emotion dysregulation for both partners at intra‐ and inter‐personal levels simultaneously in couple therapy. Notably, the 275 couples in our sample did not report a clinically distressed relationship, though they attended at least one couple therapy session. Clinical implications and directions for future study are discussed.
The in‐service fatigue fracture mechanisms for the I‐stage low‐pressure compressor disk of the aircraft engine D30KU‐154
Authors: Shanyavskiy Andrey , Nikitin Ilia , Nikitin Alexander 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper contains the in‐service fatigue fracture analysis for the first stage low‐pressure compressor disk of the aircraft engines D30KU‐154. Based on the results of the fractographic investigation on collapsed compressor disks the fatigue crack initiation and propagation principles were established. It is shown that the crack initiation in the rim part of the compressor disk is due to a high frequency loading that leads to very high cycle fatigue fracture. The total fatigue lifetime of the compressor disk is determined by simultaneous action of low amplitude loading due to blades vibration, and high amplitude loading due to flight cycle (centrifugal forces). Study of in‐service fracture of the compressor disk was based on the evaluation of numerical simulations of the stress state in the damaged zone under corresponding loading conditions. The estimation of fatigue lifetime and crack path predictions were performed based on the multiregime fatigue fracture model developed by the authors.
Body stores of emergent aquatic insects are associated with body size, sex, swarming behaviour and dispersal strategies
Authors: Gerber Rémi , Cabon Lilian , Piscart Christophe , Roussel Jean‐Marc , Bergerot Benjamin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Dispersal is a determining step in the life cycle of insects and a key factor of their energy budget. If the body stores of terrestrial insects are relatively well‐documented, those of merolimnic insects (i.e., with aquatic larvae and terrestrial winged adults) remain poorly investigated.

We assayed the body stores (protein, carbohydrate and lipid contents) of 18 families of merolimnic insects, encompassing a wide diversity of biological and ecological traits.

We highlighted allometry between body stores and mass. The proportion of triglyceride and free carbohydrate relatively decreases with an increase in absolute insect mass, whereas protein and glycogen contents are proportional.

We found a significant effect of insect order, Diptera having relatively more proteins than Trichoptera. For swarming taxa, males have relatively more triglycerides than their conspecific female. Passive dispersers are characterised by higher protein and glycogen contents

Each body store was associated with specific life‐history traits, emphasising the importance of considering each body store independently to better understand the associated functions.

Dispersal strategies seem to be the main structuring factor underlying body store patterns of merolimnic insects, being significantly associated with the variation in adjusted triglycerides (30%), proteins (21%), glycogen (29%) and free carbohydrates (17%). However, our study estimated the role of flight only indirectly through the biological traits of insects. Future works should focus on identifying which substrates are used for flight, by comparing the proportion of body stores before and after flight, as well as protein identification to distinguish proteins associated with flight or reproduction. These further studies will help researchers in understanding the link between body stores of emerging merolimnic insects and the various facets of their ecology.
Vegetation clumping modulates global photosynthesis through adjusting canopy light environment
Authors: Li Fa , Hao Dalei , Zhu Qing , Yuan Kunxiaojia , Braghiere Renato K. , He Liming , Luo Xiangzhong , Wei Shanshan , Riley William J. , Zeng Yelu , Chen Min 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe spatial dispersion of photoelements within a vegetation canopy, quantified by the clumping index (CI), directly regulates the within‐canopy light environment and photosynthesis rate, but is not commonly implemented in terrestrial biosphere models to estimate the ecosystem carbon cycle. A few global CI products have been developed recently with remote sensing measurements, making it possible to examine the global impacts of CI. This study deployed CI in the radiative transfer scheme of the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) and used the revised CLM5 to quantitatively evaluate the extent to which CI can affect canopy absorbed radiation and gross primary production (GPP), and for the first time, considering the uncertainty and seasonal variation of CI with multiple remote sensing products. Compared to the results without considering the CI impact, the revised CLM5 estimated that sunlit canopy absorbed up to 9%–15% and 23%–34% less direct and diffuse radiation, respectively, while shaded canopy absorbed 3%–18% more diffuse radiation across different biome types. The CI impacts on canopy light conditions included changes in canopy light absorption, and sunlit–shaded leaf area fraction related to nitrogen distribution and thus the maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylase activity (Vcmax), which together decreased photosynthesis in sunlit canopy by 5.9–7.2 PgC year−1 while enhanced photosynthesis by 6.9–8.2 PgC year−1 in shaded canopy. With higher light use efficiency of shaded leaves, shaded canopy increased photosynthesis compensated and exceeded the lost photosynthesis in sunlit canopy, resulting in 1.0 ± 0.12 PgC year−1 net increase in GPP. The uncertainty of GPP due to the different input CI datasets was much larger than that caused by CI seasonal variations, and was up to 50% of the magnitude of GPP interannual variations in the tropical regions. This study highlights the necessity of considering the impacts of CI and its uncertainty in terrestrial biosphere models.
An analytical investigation of hydroxylated cinnamoyl polyamines as biomarkers of commercial bee pollen botanical origin
Authors: Nasti Rita , Orlandini Serena , Furlanetto Sandra , Casale Monica , Daci Armond , Hajdari Avni , Meneghetti Fiorella , Villa Stefania , Mori Matteo , Beretta Giangiacomo 
Published: October 2022

SummaryIn this study, the phytochemical profile of commercial pollen samples was investigated using different analytical approaches. The samples pollen composition was monitored by optical microscopy. The infrared spectrum of the ethanol extractable material form different pollen samples indicated the specific presence of an aromatic portion in samples dominated by pollens from arboreal species of sweet chestnut pollen grains (e.g. Castanea sativa Mill. and Prunus). In addition, the UPLC‐PDA analysis showed the ubiquitarian presence of an array of different derivatives confirmed as hydroxylated cinnamoyl derivatives of spermidine (major) and of spermine (minor). This profile appeared to be associated with the sample botanical origin. Samples dominated by chestnut honey pollen grains showed the highest content in total amount of these derivatives, with a peculiar profile dominated by the presence of N1, N5, N10‐tricaffeoyl spermidine. The results showed that their average chemical composition is quantitatively and qualitatively correlated to their botanical origin, suggesting the feasibility of this approach as a practical tool to monitor plant population using honeybee pollen as a bioindicator of the impact of natural and anthropic processes at the local and global level.
Protective effect of hierarchical emulsions stabilised by oil/water droplets in lutein delivery
Authors: Zhu Lijie , Zhao Guoxiu , Jiang Tianshu , Liu Jun , Huo Dafei , Wang Shengnan , Yang Lina , Liu He , Liu Xiuying 
Published: October 2022

SummaryIn this study, lutein was encapsulated in a hierarchical emulsion (HE) stabilised by oil/water (O/W) droplets. The particle size and ζ‐potential of the HE did not considerably change after thermal treatment, and the retention rate of lutein (76.56%) was higher than that of bulk oil after 21 days of storage. The addition of lutein was found to inhibit lipid oxidation under both light and dark conditions. The results of in‐vitro digestion suggested that the free fatty acid release and bioaccessibility (32.51%) of the HE were higher than those of bulk oil. This study indicated that the HE prepared from soyasaponin‐stabilised O/W droplets as emulsifiers has application potential in the encapsulation of hydrophobic food functional factors; furthermore, this study provides delivery strategies for supplements and drugs.
Development and validation of novel multimorbidity indices for older adults
Authors: Steinman Michael A. , Jing Bocheng , Shah Sachin J. , Rizzo Anael , Lee Sei J. , Covinsky Kenneth E. , Ritchie Christine S. , Boscardin W. John 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundMeasuring multimorbidity in claims data is used for risk adjustment and identifying populations at high risk for adverse events. Multimorbidity indices such as Charlson and Elixhauser scores have important limitations. We sought to create a better method of measuring multimorbidity using claims data by incorporating geriatric conditions, markers of disease severity, and disease‐disease interactions, and by tailoring measures to different outcomes.MethodsHealth conditions were assessed using Medicare inpatient and outpatient claims from subjects age 67 and older in the Health and Retirement Study. Separate indices were developed for ADL decline, IADL decline, hospitalization, and death, each over 2 years of follow‐up. We validated these indices using data from Medicare claims linked to the National Health and Aging Trends Study.ResultsThe development cohort included 5012 subjects with median age 76 years; 58% were female. Claims‐based markers of disease severity and disease‐disease interactions yielded minimal gains in predictive power and were not included in the final indices. In the validation cohort, after adjusting for age and sex, c‐statistics for the new multimorbidity indices were 0.72 for ADL decline, 0.69 for IADL decline, 0.72 for hospitalization, and 0.77 for death. These c‐statistics were 0.02–0.03 higher than c‐statistics from Charlson and Elixhauser indices for predicting ADL decline, IADL decline, and hospitalization, and <0.01 higher for death (p < 0.05 for each outcome except death), and were similar to those from the CMS‐HCC model. On decision curve analysis, the new indices provided minimal benefit compared with legacy approaches. C‐statistics for both new and legacy indices varied substantially across derivation and validation cohorts.ConclusionsA new series of claims‐based multimorbidity measures were modestly better at predicting hospitalization and functional decline than several legacy indices, and no better at predicting death. There may be limited opportunity in claims data to measure multimorbidity better than older methods.
A topology description function‐enhanced neural network for topology optimization
Authors: Qian Wenliang , Xu Yang , Li Hui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTopology optimization aims to find an economic and efficient structure with a lighter overall weight. Topology description functions (TDFs), which are an explicit level‐set approach for topology optimization, can obtain the explicit structure geometry function of the topology. However, due to the original hard thresholding in the conventional TDF, the TDF is a derivative‐free method that requires significant computational resources, which creates barriers to its widespread adoption among structural engineers. To fix this problem, a novel TDF‐enhanced neural network (TDF‐NN) is proposed, which introduces the sigmoid activation function as soft thresholding to allow the adoption of gradient‐based optimization approaches. Meanwhile, TDF‐NN uses a single‐layer neural network to model the TDF, and the weights of the TDF are converted to the weights of the TDF‐NN, which can be obtained directly by optimization instead of solving the linear equations. The performance of the proposed method is validated through the compliance minimization problems and the heat conduction problem, and it definitely can also be used for other topology optimization problems. The computational cost of the proposed method, the effect of the number of knots on TDF‐NN, diverse designs, and application to real‐life structures are also discussed. These results indicate that the proposed method is a universal topology optimization method. Numerical examples show that the proposed method has higher computational efficiency than the solid isotropic material with penalization method. It has a speedup factor of approximately two to 10 times. Moreover, multiple competitive solutions can be generated by changing the number of knots, which will allow architects to select a suitable structure for the design task.
Bayesian Multi-level Mixed-effects Model for Influenza Dynamics
Authors: Huang Hanwen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInfluenza A viruses (IAV) are the only influenza viruses known to cause flu pandemics. Understanding the evolution of different sub-types of IAV on their natural hosts is important for preventing and controlling the virus. We propose a mechanism-based Bayesian multi-level mixed-effects model for characterising influenza viral dynamics, described by a set of ordinary differential equations (ODE). Both strain-specific and subject-specific random effects are included for the ODE parameters. Our models can characterise the common features in the population while taking into account the variations among individuals. The random effects selection is conducted at strain level through re-parameterising the covariance parameters of the corresponding random effect distribution. Our method does not need to solve ODE directly. We demonstrate that the posterior computation can proceed via a simple and efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. The methods are illustrated using simulated data and a real data from a study relating virus load estimates from influenza infections in ducks.