bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shallow Faulting and Folding in the Epicentral Area of the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, Earthquake
Authors: Pratt Thomas L. , Shah Anjana K. , Counts Ronald C. , Horton J. Wright , Chapman Martin C. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The moment magnitude (Mw) ∼7 earthquake that struck Charleston, South Carolina, on 31 August 1886 is the largest historical earthquake in the United States east of the Appalachian Mountains. The fault(s) that ruptured during this earthquake has never been conclusively identified, and conflicting fault models have been proposed. Here we interpret reprocessed seismic reflection profiles, reprocessed legacy aeromagnetic data, and newly collected ground penetrating radar (GPR) profiles to delineate faults deforming the Cretaceous and younger Atlantic Coastal Plain (ACP) strata in the epicentral area of the 1886 earthquake. The data show evidence for faults folding or vertically displacing ACP strata, including apparent displacements of near-surface strata (upper ∼20 m). Aeromagnetic data show several northeast (NE)-trending lineaments, two of which correlate with faults and folds with vertical displacements as great as 55 m on the seismic reflection and radar profiles. ACP strata show only minor thickness changes across these structures, indicating that much of the displacement postdates the shallowest well-imaged ACP strata of Eocene age. Faults imaged on the seismic reflection profiles appear on GPR profiles to displace the erosional surface at the top of the upper Eocene to Oligocene Cooper Group, including where railroad tracks were bent during the 1886 earthquake. Some faults coincide with changes in river trends, bifurcations of river channels, and unusual river meanders that could be related to recent fault motion. In contrast to our interpreted NE fault trends, earthquake locations and some focal mechanisms in the modern seismic zone have been interpreted as defining a nearly north-striking, west-dipping zone of aftershocks from the 1886 earthquake. The relationship between the modern seismicity and the faults we image is therefore enigmatic. However, multiple faults in the area clearly have been active since the Eocene and deform strata in the upper 20 m, providing potential targets for field-based geologic investigations.
Ética y negociaciones para el acceso a vacunas: excepcionalismos metodológicos y éticos
Authors: Vidal Susana M. 
Published: May 2022

Propósito/Contexto. En este artículo se analizan los distintos factores que han afectado el acceso a las vacunas para la prevención de la infección por SARS-COV2 poniendo particular atención a los intereses que atraviesan las negociaciones. Se detalla un análisis de los procesos de investigación, producción, contratación, distribución y comercialización de vacunas, así como las normas éticas internacionales que orientan estas prácticas.
Metodología/Enfoque. De igual modo, se identifican un marco de excepciones científicas, metodológicas, éticas y legales para la investigación, producción y comercialización de las vacunas, al tiempo que se ha mantenido y profundizado, sin excepciones, las normas impuestas por el sistema global de mercado en lo referente a protección de propiedad intelectual (ADPIC), negociaciones y contratos, defensa de intereses privados y de las empresas. También se pone en evidencia el rol que han tenido los países más ricos, acumulando más dosis de las necesarias lo cual impactó seriamente en el acceso de los países de bajos ingresos.
Resultados/Hallazgos. Se analizan las normas éticas internacionales y los acuerdos realizados por los gobiernos que deberían limitar conductas como estas y evitarían sus consecuencias y que no han sido cumplidas.
Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. Se concluye con una propuesta concreta que podría aliviar la situación actual y se incluye una reflexión sobre el impacto en la vida y la salud de los países y grupos más vulnerables, si el orden internacional sigue regido por el sistema global de mercado en lugar de un nuevo pacto global más justo.
Development of the evaluative activities of teachers in the conditions of updated education
Authors: Tashbolatovna Massimova Khurshidam , Duisenbaevna Utepbergenova Zіnakul , Kaldyhanovna Kerimbayeva Rysty , Koyshibaevna Aizhanova Gulnara , Ulmeken Zhamirova , Gulzat Sembayeva 
Published: May 2022

The aim of this research is to reveal the opinions of teachers about the development of assessment activities in updated educational conditions. The study was conducted with the phenomenology pattern, one of the qualitative research designs. The study data were collected with semi-structured interview forms applied to primary, secondary and high school teachers. The participants of the study consisted of 20 primary school teachers, 20 secondary school teachers and 20 high school teachers who were working in various schools in Kazakhstan in the 2021–2022 academic year and agreed to participate voluntarily in the research. As a result of the research, among the answers given to the question about the advantages of online education – financial advantages, time advantages and transportation advantages – the majority of the participants answered the question as financial advantages. Among the answers given to the question about the disadvantages of online education – adaptation problems, problems in social relationships and connection problems – the majority of the participants answered the question as connection problems. Among the answers given to the question about the advantages of evaluation activities in online education – speed–time advantages, storage advantages and alternative methods’ advantages – the majority of the participants answered the question speed–time advantages. Among the answers given to the question about the disadvantages of assessment activities in online education – connection problems, cheating and distractions – most of the participants answered cheating. Among the answers given to the question regarding the development of assessment activities in online education – improving technology, establishing a counselling unit and preventing copying – majority of the participants answered the question as improving technology.
Keywords: online education training, assessment, development of assessment
Sequelae of COVID-19 at long-term follow-up after hospitalization
Authors: Pogosova N. V. , Paleev F. N. , Ausheva A. K. , Kuchiev D. T. , Gaman S. A. , Veselova T. N. , Belkind M. B. , Sokolova O. Yu. , Zhetisheva R. A. , Ternovoy S. K. , Boytsov S. A. 
Published: May 2022

Aim. To assess long-term sequelae of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients at 3 to 7 months after discharge.Material and Methods. The whole of 700 patients hospitalized to the temporary COVID-19 treatment center hosted by the FSBI “National Medical Research Center of Cardiology” of the Ministry of Health of Russia from April to June 2020 were invited to participate in a follow-up study. At 3-7 months after the index hospitalization, patients or their proxies were contacted via telephone in order to obtain information on their vital status, cardiovascular and other conditions or their complications, and new hospitalizations. In addition, patients were invited to an outpatient visit under the "COVID-19-follow-up" program, encompassing physical examination and a comprehensive battery of laboratory and instrumental tests, including spirometry, chest computed tomography (CT) and the six minute walk test (6MWT). Further, dyspnea was assessed using the mMRC (Modified Medical Research Council) Dyspnea Scale. Results: We were able to contact 87.4% (612/700) of patients or their proxies. At follow-up, 4.4% (27) patients died, of which 96.3% (26) had cardiovascular diseases (CVD). A total of 213 patients aged 19 to 94 years old (mean age 56.8±12.5, median 57 years [49.0; 64.0]; men, 55.4%) agreed come for an outpatient visit and to participate in the “COVID-19-follow-up” program. Since discharge, 8% (17) of patients required new hospitalizations, and more than a half of these patients (58.8%; 10/17) had CVD-related hospitalizations. A total of 8.4% (18) patients experienced worsening of hypertension, 9 (4.2%) patients had newly diagnosed hypertension, 2 (0.9%) – coronary artery disease patients experienced new/recurrent angina symptoms. 4 (1.9%) patients had newly diagnosed coronary artery disease, and one patient had an ischemic stroke. At the outpatient visit, 114 (53.5%) patients had some symptoms, most frequently, shortness of breath (33%), fatigue (27.4%), chest pain (11.3%), and abnormal heartbeats (8.5%). Based on the mMRC Scale, 59% of patients had dyspnea of varying severity. Most patients had a normal vital capacity (VC), which was moderately reduced in 3.3% and severely reduced in 0.5% of patients. Chest CT scans were obtained in 78 (36.6%) patients, whose worst lung damage scores during hospitalization were CT3 or CT4. One in ten patients (10.8%) with severe lung damage during acute infection had persisting ground glass opacities, 35.9% developed fibrotic changes, 79.6% of patients had linear or fine focal opacities. According to the 6MWT data, 12.3% of patients walked less than 70% of the predicted distance, 67% walked 71 to 99% of the predicted distance, and 20.7% of patients were able to walk 100% of their predicted distance.Conclusion. These data suggest long-term negative sequelae of COVID-19 in more than half of hospitalized patients.
The role of health facility level factors on unintended pregnancy: Evidence from a population- level data linkage study
Authors: Khan Md Nuruzzaman , Harris Melissa L. , Huda Md Nazmul , Loxton Deborah 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of health facility-level factors, including the availability of long-acting modern contraceptives (LAMC) at the nearest health facility and its distance from women’s homes, on the occurrence of unintended pregnancy that resulted in a live birth. Methods We analysed the 2017/18 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey data linked with the 2017 Bangladesh Health Facility Survey. The weighted sample comprised 5,051 women of reproductive age, who had at least one live birth within three years of the survey. The outcome variable was women’s intention to conceive at their most recent pregnancy that ended with a live birth. The explanatory variables were the health facility, individual, household, and community-level factors. A multi-level multinomial logistic regression model was used to assess the association of the outcome variable with explanatory variables. Results Nearly 21% of the total respondents reported that their most recent live birth was unintended at conception. Better health facility management systems and health facility infrastructure were found to be 14-30% protective of unintended pregnancy that resulted in a live birth. LAMC availability at the nearest health facility was associated with a 31% reduction (95% CI, 0.50-0.92) in the likelihood of an unwanted pregnancy that resulted in a live birth. Health facility readiness to provide LAMC was also associated with a 14-16% reduction in unintended pregnancy that ended with a birth. The likelihood of unintended pregnancy that resulted in a live birth increased around 20-22% with the increased distance of the nearest health facility providing LAMC from the women’s homes. Conclusion The availability of health facilities near women’s homes and access to LAMC can significantly reduce unintended pregnancy. Policies and programs to ensure access and affordability of LAMC across current health facilities and increasing the number of health facilities are recommended.
New Formulas for the Trigonometry of Isosceles Triangles
Authors: King Noah 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper discusses a new formula to solve for the angle of isosceles triangles given proportion of differentiated unequivalent edge length versus the always-equivalent edges. The equation is equal to the arcsine of (X/2) multiplied by two. This formula is to be called ‘isn^-1(x)’, short for inverse isosceles sine equivalent. Also discussed is the non-inverse ‘isn(x)’ which is the cyclic function which is determined to correspond as the equivalent of the classic sine formula to isosceles triangles. The formula set is clearly superior and powerful at calculating the angle and measure of any given obtuse or acute triangle of an unclassified type, as well as unifying a simplest-fit formula across all types of triangle. Also discussed are two transform approximation formulas.
Modeling and optimization of adsorption conditions using response surface methodology for tetracycline removal by MnFe2O4/MWCNTs
Authors: Zhao Weigao , Hao Chenjie , Guo Yiping , Guan Chunfeng , Zhang Hongwei , Tian Yimei , Zhao Peng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
It has previously been reported that MnFe2O4 magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) could successfully be employed for the adsorption of tetracycline (TC). In this study, the optimal conditions and effects of external factors on TC adsorption by MMWCNTs were established by a response surface methodology (RSM) for the first time. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated an increase in dosage and contact time effectively promoted the adsorption of TC, and maximum removal of 97.93%-99.13% was achieved at pH 3-7. The pseudo-second-order model and FT-IR spectra indicated that the mechanism of adsorption may be π-π electron interaction and cation-π electron bonding. Design Expert was utilized to develop a RSM for the analysis and optimization of TC adsorption by MMWCNTs. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) results showed that the optimization exhibited high significance and reliability. The main effect plots and Pareto chart indicated that pH exerted a significant individual effect on the regulation of adsorption, while 3D response surface plots and interaction effect plots exhibited a significant antagonistic interaction between pH and contact time. A maximum TC removal of 99.16 % was achieved under the optimal conditions of 12 mg adsorbent dosage at pH 5.43, with an adsorption time of 120 min. Mathematical and experimental results confirmed the accuracy of the established optimal conditions. These findings provide valuable reference for the industrial application of MMWCNTs for TC adsorption and exhibit an effective optimization method for the improvement of TC adsorption on MMWCNTs.
Ratchet based ion pumps for selective ion separations
Authors: Herman Alon , III Joel Ager , Ardo Shane , Segev Gideon 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The development of a selective, membrane-based ion separation technology may prove useful in a wide range of applications such as water treatment, battery recycling, ion specific chemical sensors, extraction of valuable metals from sea water, and bio-medical devices. In this work we show that a flashing ratchet mechanism can be used for high precision ion separation. The suggested ratchet-based ion pumps utilize a unique feature of ratchets, the frequency dependent current reversals, to drive ions with the same charge but different diffusion coefficients in opposite directions. We show that ions with a relative diffusion coefficient difference as small as 1% can be separated by driving them in opposite directions with a velocity difference as high as 1.2 mm/s. Since the pumping properties of the ratchet are determined by an electric input signal, the proposed ion pumps can pave the way for simple large-scale, fit-to-purpose selective ion separation systems.
A modular quantum computer based on a quantum state router.
Authors: Zhou Chao , Lu Pinlei , Praquin Matthieu , Chien Tzu-Chiao , Kaufman Ryan , Cao Xi , Xia Mingkang , Mong Roger , Pfaff Wolfgang , Pekker David , Hatridge M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A central challenge for realizing large-scale quantum processors is the design and realization of qubit-qubit connections: we must be able to perform efficient gates between qubits, yet prevent connections from spoiling qubit quality or prohibiting "debugging" the system. In this work, we present a microwave quantum state router that realizes all-to-all couplings among four independent and detachable quantum modules of superconducting qubits. Each module consists of a single transmon, readout mode, and communication mode coupled to the router. The router design centers on a parametrically driven, Josephson-junction based three-wave mixing element which generates photon exchange among the modules' communication modes. We first demonstrate coherent photon exchange among four communication modes, with an average full-iSWAP time of 760 ns and average inter-module gate fidelity of 0.97, limited by our modes' coherence times. We also demonstrate photon transfer and pairwise entanglement between the modules' qubits, and parallel operation of simultaneous iSWAP across the router. The gates demonstrated here can readily be extended to faster and higher-fidelity router operations, as well as scaled to support larger networks of quantum modules.
Grouping effects and cost influencing factors of DRG in orthopedic spine surgery cases
Authors: Luo Ming-wei , Luo Ming-yang , Xie Shi-wei , Pang Jie , Yan Jing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective: Analyzing the grouping effect of DRG in orthopedic spine surgery and influencing factors of hospitalization expenses, so as to provide the basis for DRG payment reform and control of medical expenses.Methods:The information of 248 cases of spinal surgery in sample hospitals was analyzed statistically, the grouping effect of DRG was evaluated by the coefficient of variation, and the influencing factors of hospitalization expenses were analyzed by single factor analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis.Results:Patients who underwent orthopedic spine surgery were divided into three DRG groups: IB19, IB21 and IB23, with CV values of 0.37, 0.47 and 0.44, respectively, all of which were less than 0.5. Univariate analysis showed that age, comorbidities, hospital stay, critical illness and anesthesia mode affected hospital expenses, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Payment method and gender did not affect the hospitalization expenses, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Stepwise regression analysis showed that comorbidities, hospitalization time, dying or seriously ill, anesthesia method and age were the main influencing factors of hospitalization expenses.Conclusion: The grouping of DRG in spine surgery cases can objectively reflect the level of medical resource consumption. Hospitals should use DRG payment reform as a breakthrough to promote clinical pathway management, standardize diagnosis and treatment procedures, shorten hospital stay, and control the unreasonable growth of medical expenses.
Redox-dependent Structural Origin of the Temperature Threshold and Sensitivity in the TRPV3 Bio-thermometer
Authors: Wang Guangyu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The DNA hairpin with a limited size is sensitive to temperature. However, it is unclear if thermosensitive TRP channels also use temperature-dependent hairpin sizes to govern their activation temperature thresholds and sensitivity. Here, graph theory was used as a novel method to test this hypothesis by analyzing the redox- and state-dependent cryo-electron microscopy structures of TRPV3 with or without the Y564A mutation at different temperatures. The results showed that the largest hairpin topological loop size and a change in total hairpin sizes along the channel gating pathway control the temperature threshold and sensitivity, respectively. This size-dependent hairpin thermodynamics may mediate the thermal stability and activity of biological macromolecules.
Glucose metabolic pattern in adult moyamoya disease with or without cognitive disorder: A 18F-FDG PET study
Authors: Weng Ruiyuan , Ren Shuhua , Su Jiabin , Ni Wei , Yang Chunlei , Gao Xinjie , Xiao Weiping , Zhang Xin , Jiang Hanqiang , Guan Yihui , Huang Qi , Gu Yuxiang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cognitive disorder (CD) is a critical issue in moyamoya disease (MMD). This study aimed to identify the metabolic signature of cognitive disorder in MMD using 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose PET (18F-FDG PET). One hundred fifty-four MMD patients who underwent brain 18F-FDG PET scans before surgery were enrolled and classified into a cognitively intact (CI, n = 54) group and a cognitive disorder (CD, n = 100) group according to neuropsychological testing. Using 18F-FDG PET, we found that the CD group showed hypometabolism mainly in the left basal ganglia compared to the CI group. In addition, CD patients exhibited extensive hypometabolism in the bilateral frontal and cingulate regions and hypermetabolism in the bilateral cerebellum, while CI patients showed hypermetabolism only in the cerebellum and slight hypometabolism in the frontal and temporal regions compared to HCs. The SR-based classifier algorithm distinguished between CD and CI patients with an accuracy of 82.4%. This study demonstrated a characteristic metabolic pattern progressing from CI to CD in a large cohort of patients with MMD. Since 18F-FDG PET provides us with an available method to estimate cerebral metabolic patterns, it might be helpful in the early diagnosis of possible cognitive disorder in MMD patients.
T817MA regulates mitochondrial dynamics via Sirt1 and Arc following subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Xu Ye-Ping , Zhang Jing , Mei Xue , Wu Yan , Wang Su-Qin , Jiao Wei , Wang Yu-Hai , Zhang Ai-Qin , Chen Tao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is an acute neurologic emergency with poor outcomes, and mitochondrial dysfunction is known as one of the key pathological mechanisms underlying the SAH-induced early brain injury (EBI). 1-{3-[2-(1-benzothiophen-5-yl)ethoxy]propyl} azetidin-3-ol maleate (T817MA) is a newly synthesized neurotrophic compound that has been demonstrated to exert protective effects against brain injury. Here, we investigated the effect of T817MA in neuronal injury following experimental SAH both in vitro and in vivo. Primary cultured cortical neurons were treated with oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) to mimic SAH in vitro, and T817MA at concentrations higher than 0.1 µM reduced OxyHb-induced neuronal injury. T817MA treatment significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation, reduced neuronal apoptosis and attenuated mitochondrial fragmentation. The results of western blot showed that T817MA markedly reduced the expression of mitochondrial fission proteins, fission protein 1 (Fis-1) and dynamin-related GTPase-1 (Drp-1), but prolonged the expression of the postsynaptic protein activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc). In addition, T817MA significantly increased the expression of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), which was accompanied by preserved enzymatic of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH2) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Knockdown of Sirt1 and Arc via small interfere RNA (siRNA) transfection partially prevented the T817MA-induced protection in cortical neurons. Furthermore, treatment with T817MA in vivo significantly reduced brain damage and preserved neurological function in rats. The decreased expression of Fis-1 and Drp-1, as well as the increased expression of Arc and Sirt1 were also observed in vivo. Taken together, these data indicate that the neuroprotective agent T817MA protects against SAH-induced brain injury via Sirt1- and Arc-mediated regulation of mitochondrial dynamics.