bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of ‘Aminogam Gel’ to fast the wound healing in dogs after the surgical curettage of injured penis
Authors: Cicirelli Vincenzo , Accogli Gianluca , Caira Michele , Lacalandra Giovani M , Aiudi Giulio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAminogam gel is used in human patients to accelerate the post‐surgical wound healing process of soft oral tissues (e.g. after teeth extraction or oral laser surgery). For this reason and because of the histological affinity between oral and genital mucosa, Aminogam Gel was applied on the dog's penile mucosa to evaluate wound healing after traumatic lesion.ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare conventional therapy (using only oral medications) to topic application of ‘Aminogam Gel’ in order to determine which is better to accelerate the healing process of canine penis injuries.MethodsFor this study, 12 male dogs with an injured penis and traumatic paraphimosis were selected. All patients had traumatic penis injuries due to unsuccessful mating attempts and consequent trauma (continuous licking). The dogs underwent surgical curettage of necrotic areas. The animals were randomly divided into two groups: a control group treated with routine therapy and a group treated with Aminogam Gel as an adjuvant for the scarring process. We assessed wound status and tracked healing using the Bates‐Jensen Wound Assessment Tool.ResultsDogs treated with Aminogam Gel therapy healed faster than dogs treated with traditional therapy alone.DiscussionAminogam Gel is a valid auxiliary drug to accelerate wound healing after penis surgery. This is especially important for breeding dogs, for whom rapid and complete healing of the penis is important for returning to normal reproductive activities.
Small Order Asymptotics of the Dirichlet Eigenvalue Problem for the Fractional Laplacian
Authors: Feulefack Pierre Aime , Jarohs Sven , Weth Tobias 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe study the asymptotics of Dirichlet eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the fractional Laplacian$$(-\Delta )^s$$(-Δ)sin bounded open Lipschitz sets in the small order limit$$s \rightarrow 0^+$$s→0+. While it is easy to see that all eigenvalues converge to 1 as$$s \rightarrow 0^+$$s→0+, we show that the first order correction in these asymptotics is given by the eigenvalues of the logarithmic Laplacian operator, i.e., the singular integral operator with Fourier symbol$$2\log |\xi |$$2log|ξ|. By this we generalize a result of Chen and the third author which was restricted to the principal eigenvalue. Moreover, we show that$$L^2$$L2-normalized Dirichlet eigenfunctions of$$(-\Delta )^s$$(-Δ)scorresponding to thek-th eigenvalue are uniformly bounded and converge to the set of$$L^2$$L2-normalized eigenfunctions of the logarithmic Laplacian. In order to derive these spectral asymptotics, we establish new uniform regularity and boundary decay estimates for Dirichlet eigenfunctions for the fractional Laplacian. As a byproduct, we also obtain corresponding regularity properties of eigenfunctions of the logarithmic Laplacian.
Optimal Control of Semilinear Parabolic Equations with Non-smooth Pointwise-Integral Control Constraints in Time-Space
Authors: Casas Eduardo , Kunisch Karl 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis work concentrates on a class of optimal control problems for semilinear parabolic equations subject to control constraint of the form $$\Vert u(t)\Vert _{L^1(\varOmega )} \le \gamma $$

‖
u

(
t
)

‖

L
1

(
Ω
)

≤
γ

for $$t \in (0,T)$$

t
∈
(
0
,
T
)

. This limits the total control that can be applied to the system at any instant of time. The $$L^1$$

L
1

-norm of the constraint leads to sparsity of the control in space, for the time instants when the constraint is active. Due to the non-smoothness of the constraint, the analysis of the control problem requires new techniques. Existence of a solution, first and second order optimality conditions, and regularity of the optimal control are proved. Further, stability of the optimal controls with respect to $$\gamma $$
γ
is investigated on the basis of different second order conditions.
Yttrium-90 radioembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: predictive modeling strategies to anticipate tumor response and improve patient selection
Authors: Lüdemann Willie , Kahn Johannes , Pustelnik Daniel , Hardt Juliane , Böning Georg , Jonczyk Martin , Amthauer Holger , Gebauer Bernhard , Hamm Bernd , Wieners Gero 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives
This study aims to better characterize potential responders of Y-90-radioembolization at baseline through analysis of clinical variables and contrast enhanced (CE) MRI tumor volumetry in order to adjust therapeutic regimens early on and to improve treatment outcomes.

Methods
Fifty-eight HCC patients who underwent Y-90-radioembolization at our center between 10/2008 and 02/2017 were retrospectively included. Pre- and post-treatment target lesion volumes were measured as total tumor volume (TTV) and enhancing tumor volume (ETV). Survival analysis was performed with Cox regression models to evaluate 65% ETV reduction as surrogate endpoint for treatment efficacy. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the combination of baseline clinical variables and tumor volumetry as predictors of ≥ 65% ETV reduction.

Results
Mean patients’ age was 66 (SD 8.7) years, and 12 were female (21%). Sixty-seven percent of patients suffered from liver cirrhosis. Median survival was 11 months. A threshold of ≥ 65% in ETV reduction allowed for a significant (p = 0.04) separation of the survival curves with a median survival of 11 months in non-responders and 17 months in responders. Administered activity per tumor volume did predict neither survival nor ETV reduction. A baseline ETV/TTV ratio greater than 50% was the most important predictor of arterial devascularization (odds ratio 6.3) in a statistically significant (p = 0.001) multivariable logistic regression model. The effect size was strong with a Cohen’s f of 0.89.

Conclusion
We present a novel approach to identify promising candidates for Y-90 radioembolization at pre-treatment baseline MRI using tumor volumetry and clinical baseline variables.

Key Points
• A decrease of 65% enhancing tumor volume (ETV) on follow-up imaging 2–3 months after Y-90 radioembolization of HCC enables the early prediction of significantly improved median overall survival (11 months vs. 17 months, p = 0.04).
• Said decrease in vascularization is predictable at baseline: an ETV greater than 50% is the most important variable in a multivariable logistic regression model that predicts responders at a high level of significance (p = 0.001) with an area under the curve of 87%.
The role of routine transpedicular biopsies during kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty for vertebral compression fractures in the detection of malignant diseases: a systematic review
Authors: Osterhoff Georg , Scheyerer Max J. , Spiegl Ulrich J. A. , Schnake Klaus J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Procedures like kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty have become an established treatment option for vertebral compression fractures (VCF). The transpedicular approach used during these procedures allows to take biopsies from the affected vertebral body. The aim of this study was to systematically summarize the existing knowledge on the value of routine transpedicular biopsies during kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty for vertebral compression fractures.

Methods
A systematic review of the literature using PubMed/Medline databases with the goal of finding all articles describing the value trans-pedicular biopsies for detecting primary bone tumors, metastases, bone diseases, or spondylitis in patients with vertebral compression fractures was performed. Search terms were (*biopsy/ OR biops*.ti,ab.) AND (vertebral compression fracture*.ti,ab.).

Results
Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria, among these were six prospective and ten retrospective case series. Publication dates ranged from 2005 to 2020. A total of 3083 patients with 3667 transpedicular biopsies performed were included. Most biopsies confirmed osteoporosis as the dominant underlying pathology of VCFs. Transpedicular biopsies revealed an unexpected malignant diagnosis in 0.4–6% of the cases.

Conclusion
Routine transpedicular biopsies during kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty detect unexpected malignant lesions in 0.4–6% of the patients, even though the definition of “unexpected” varies among the analyzed studies. The evidence to support a routine biopsy is inconsistent. Nevertheless, routine biopsies can be considered, especially when sufficient preoperatvie imaging is not available or radiological findings are unclear.
Realizing self-adaptive systems via online reinforcement learning and feature-model-guided exploration
Authors: Metzger Andreas , Quinton Clément , Mann Zoltán Ádám , Baresi Luciano , Pohl Klaus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA self-adaptive system can automatically maintain its quality requirements in the presence of dynamic environment changes. Developing a self-adaptive system may be difficult due to design time uncertainty; e.g., anticipating all potential environment changes at design time is in most cases infeasible. To realize self-adaptive systems in the presence of design time uncertainty, online machine learning, i.e., machine learning at runtime, is increasingly used. In particular, online reinforcement learning is proposed, which learns suitable adaptation actions through interactions with the environment at runtime. To learn about its environment, online reinforcement learning has to select actions that were not selected before, which is known as exploration. How exploration happens impacts the performance of the learning process. We focus on two problems related to how adaptation actions are explored. First, existing solutions randomly explore adaptation actions and thus may exhibit slow learning if there are many possible adaptation actions. Second, they are unaware of system evolution, and thus may explore new adaptation actions introduced during evolution rather late. We propose novel exploration strategies that use feature models (from software product line engineering) to guide exploration in the presence of many adaptation actions and system evolution. Experimental results for two realistic self-adaptive systems indicate an average speed-up of the learning process of 33.7% in the presence of many adaptation actions, and of 50.6% in the presence of evolution.
Intracranial pressure- and cerebral perfusion pressure threshold-insults in relation to cerebral energy metabolism in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Svedung Wettervik Teodor , Hånell Anders , Howells Timothy , Ronne-Engström Elisabeth , Lewén Anders , Enblad Per 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim was to investigate the association between intracranial pressure (ICP)- and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) threshold-insults in relation to cerebral energy metabolism and clinical outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).

Methods
In this retrospective study, 75 aSAH patients treated in the neurointensive care unit, Uppsala, Sweden, 2008–2018, with ICP and cerebral microdialysis (MD) monitoring were included. The first 10 days were divided into early (day 1–3), early vasospasm (day 4–6.5), and late vasospasm phase (day 6.5–10). The monitoring time (%) of ICP insults (> 20 mmHg and > 25 mmHg), CPP insults (< 60 mmHg, < 70 mmHg, < 80 mmHg, and < 90 mmHg), and autoregulatory CPP optimum (CPPopt) insults (∆CPPopt = CPP-CPPopt <  − 10 mmHg, ∆CPPopt > 10 mmHg, and within the optimal interval ∆CPPopt ± 10 mmHg) were calculated in each phase.

Results
Higher percent of ICP above the 20 mmHg and 25 mmHg thresholds correlated with lower MD-glucose and increased MD-lactate-pyruvate ratio (LPR), particularly in the vasospasm phases. Higher percentage of CPP below all four thresholds (60/70/80//90 mmHg) also correlated with a MD pattern of poor cerebral substrate supply (MD-LPR > 40 and MD-pyruvate < 120 µM) in the vasospasm phase and higher burden of CPP below 60 mmHg was independently associated with higher MD-LPR in the late vasospasm phase. Higher percentage of CPP deviation from CPPopt did not correlate with worse cerebral energy metabolism. Higher burden of CPP-insults below all fixed thresholds in both vasospasm phases were associated with worse clinical outcome. The percentage of ICP-insults and CPP close to CPPopt were not associated with clinical outcome.

Conclusions
Keeping ICP below 20 mmHg and CPP at least above 60 mmHg may improve cerebral energy metabolism and clinical outcome.
A Qualitative Study of How Adolescents’ Use of Coping Strategies and Support Varies in Line With Their Experiences of Adversity
Authors: Stapley Emily , Stock Sarah , Deighton Jessica , Demkowicz Ola 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdolescence is associated with a rise in the incidence of mental health issues. Thus, the factors, processes, and contexts that protect and promote positive mental health in adolescence are of key interest to policymakers.ObjectiveOur aim was twofold: First, to explore the coping strategies and sources of support that adolescents identify as protective (or not) in the face of difficulty over a three-year period; second, to examine how and why this may vary in line with the levels of adversity that they report experiencing in life.MethodsParticipants were attending schools in England implementing a mental health prevention programme called HeadStart. 93 semi-structured interviews were conducted with 31 adolescents (age 11–12 at the outset of the study; 58% female) once per year over three years. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsSix coping strategy themes (e.g., ‘Disengaging from problems’) and five support themes (e.g., ‘Parents as a source of comfort and advice’) were derived from the interviews. The types, quality, and consistency of reported coping strategies and support varied in line with whether adolescents were experiencing higher or lower levels of adversity in life over time, and according to the resources that they had available within their physical and social contexts.ConclusionsOur findings underscore the importance for mental health prevention programmes of bolstering both individual-level coping strategies and the resources available within adolescents’ environments to help them to manage adversity.
Healthy Learning Mind (HLM): Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial on A Mindfulness Intervention, Moderators and Association with Perceived Socioeconomic Status, and Comparison to Other National Data
Authors: Lassander Maarit , Saarinen Tapio , Simonsen-Rehn Nina , Suominen Sakari , Vahlberg Tero , Volanen Salla-Maarit 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
This paper presents the baseline characteristics and their moderators in the Healthy Learning Mind (HLM)– school-based cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Objectives
The paper evaluates the state of various measures of well-being, their moderators and how these results compare to national and global norms/population studies.

Methods
Data were collected from all participants prior to the intervention and further analyzed by gender, grade and perceived socioeconomic status, including standardized measures for resilience, depressive symptoms and socioemotional functioning; health-related quality of life, dispositional mindfulness, satisfaction with life, compassion/self-kindness, self-rated health and morning tiredness.

Results
Participating 2793 students (1425 girls, 1368 boys), ages 12 to 15 years, filled in the questionnaires. The outcomes were in line with previous research, demonstrating gender differentiation and lower wellbeing among older children and adolescents.

Conclusions
All outcomes were associated with perceived socioeconomic status, suggesting that perceived low socioeconomic status should be addressed as a serious risk factor and included as a moderator in similar trials.
Optimal Control and Directional Differentiability for Elliptic Quasi-Variational Inequalities
Authors: Alphonse Amal , Hintermüller Michael , Rautenberg Carlos N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe focus on elliptic quasi-variational inequalities (QVIs) of obstacle type and prove a number of results on the existence of solutions, directional differentiability and optimal control of such QVIs. We give three existence theorems based on an order approach, an iteration scheme and a sequential regularisation through partial differential equations. We show that the solution map taking the source term into the set of solutions of the QVI is directionally differentiable for general data and locally Hadamard differentiable obstacle mappings, thereby extending in particular the results of our previous work which provided the first differentiability result for QVIs in infinite dimensions. Optimal control problems with QVI constraints are also considered and we derive various forms of stationarity conditions for control problems, thus supplying among the first such results in this area.
Enzymatic Degradation of Cortical Perineuronal Nets Reverses GABAergic Interneuron Maturation
Authors: Willis Ashleigh , Pratt Judith A. , Morris Brian J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPerineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialised extracellular matrix structures which preferentially enwrap fast-spiking (FS) parvalbumin interneurons and have diverse roles in the cortex. PNN maturation coincides with closure of the critical period of cortical plasticity. We have previously demonstrated that BDNF accelerates interneuron development in a c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)–dependent manner, which may involve upstream thousand-and-one amino acid kinase 2 (TAOK2). Chondroitinase-ABC (ChABC) enzymatic digestion of PNNs reportedly reactivates ‘juvenile-like’ plasticity in the adult CNS. However, the mechanisms involved are unclear. We show that ChABC produces an immature molecular phenotype in cultured cortical neurons, corresponding to the phenotype prior to critical period closure. ChABC produced different patterns of PNN-related, GABAergic and immediate early (IE) gene expression than well-characterised modulators of mature plasticity and network activity (GABAA-R antagonist, bicuculline, and sodium-channel blocker, tetrodotoxin (TTX)). ChABC downregulated JNK activity, while this was upregulated by bicuculline. Bicuculline, but not ChABC, upregulated Bdnf expression and ERK activity. Furthermore, we found that BDNF upregulation of semaphorin-3A and IE genes was TAOK mediated. Our data suggest that ChABC heightens structural flexibility and network disinhibition, potentially contributing to ‘juvenile-like’ plasticity. The molecular phenotype appears to be distinct from heightened mature synaptic plasticity and could relate to JNK signalling. Finally, we highlight that BDNF regulation of plasticity and PNNs involves TAOK signalling.
Mental health among the general population and healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A meta-analysis of well-being and psychological distress prevalence
Authors: Blasco-Belled Ana , Tejada-Gallardo Claudia , Fatsini-Prats Mònica , Alsinet Carles 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has constituted a global health crisis that has threatened the mental health of individuals worldwide. The present paper sought to systematically review and meta-analyze studies reporting the prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic of well-being and psychological distress as defined by the dual-continua model, which includes (absence of) psychological distress and (presence of) well-being among the general population and healthcare workers. Systematic searches were conducted in various databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception until 6 December 2020. From a total of 158 studies (N = 880,352) included in the meta-analysis, only seven reported the prevalence of well-being. A random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence among the general population and healthcare workers on depression (25%; 31%), anxiety (27%; 31%), stress (35%; 32%), and well-being (52%; 45%), respectively. Sub-group analyses based on region, income, percentage of women, preparedness of country to respond to COVID-19, and economic vulnerabilities were conducted in order to examine sources of heterogeneity in psychological distress. Results revealed differences among the two groups and indicated that disparities in terms of preparedness to fight the pandemic can distinctly affect mental health in the general population and healthcare workers. Addressing mental health during and after a health crisis should be in the spotlight of the international and national public health agenda. Considering the protective role of well-being to minimize psychological symptoms, mental health policies during the COVID-19 should include strategies to combat the psychological consequences of the pandemic by promoting well-being practices.
Formability and surface quality of non-conventional material sheets for the manufacture of highly customized components
Authors: Formisano Antonio , Astarita Antonello , Boccarusso Luca , Garlasché Marco , Durante Massimo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this work, incremental forming of pure niobium planar isotropic sheets was studied; in particular, two different types of test were conducted by varying the tool/sheet contact conditions, in order to understand the complex phenomena interesting this hard-to-form non-conventional material and to focus the attention on its formability and the finishing of the worked surfaces. From the tests, the formability limits were determined, the forming forces were acquired and analysed, the quality of the worked surfaces was evaluated with measures of roughness and high-magnification visual inspection, as well as the failures of the sheets were observed and interpreted. The results highlight that a proper choice of the contact conditions can avoid the occurrence of galling while preserving an optimal carrying out of the process. In any case, very good surface finishing and workability of niobium sheets, despite their brittle nature, is found when incrementally formed. As a consequence, incremental sheet forming of this non-conventional material can be considered a faisible way of manufacturing highly customized components.