bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of the principles of territorial integrity of states and self-determination of peoples in international law
Authors: Klymenko K. 
Published: April 2022

The article presents a comparative analysis of the principles of territorial integrity of states and self-determination of peoples in terms of international law. The principle of equality and self-determination of peoples, as well as the territorial integrity and inviolability of state borders, are among the basic principles of international law.
At first glance, there is a certain contradiction between the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination and the principle of territorial integrity of states, which provides that the territory of the state cannot be changed without its consent. The inability of the parties to find a peaceful solution to such a conflict leads to an increase in national conflicts, which often escalate into a military confrontation.
From the content of the provisions of international law, it becomes clear that the principle of territorial integrity is aimed solely at protecting the state from external aggression. It does not apply only to those states that do not ensure the equality of the peoples living in them and do not allow free self-determination of such peoples. Conversely, if the state adheres to this principle in its activities, it is impossible to dismember it and violate its territorial integrity, "hiding" under this principle, because this state has already given peoples the right to express themselves within its borders.
The right of the people to self-determination means that each nation is free to determine, without outside interference, its political status and to pursue its economic, social, and cultural development.
In turn, the UN Millennium Declaration in fact spoke in favor of an only anti-colonial and anti-occupation interpretation of the principle of self-determination of peoples.
Thus, the principle of the right to equality and self-determination of peoples does not encourage separatism and secession as a mandatory form of self-determination; on the contrary, the right to secession is directly limited to special cases, such as decolonization, the struggle against occupation and the racist regime.
The same is confirmed in the practice of constitutional courts of states.
International agreements in the system of sources of legal regulation consular activities
Authors: Purtova A. 
Published: April 2022

Consular offices and their employees in the performance of consular functions are guided by the legislation of Ukraine, the legislation of the host country, international treaties of Ukraine and international customs, which are a system of sources of legal regulation of consular activities. International multilateral and bilateral treaties play an important role in the regulation of consular activities, as they form the basis of consular law as a branch of public international law.
Modern consular law is a convention law. Its important sources include the Caracas Convention on Consular Functions of 1911, the Havana Convention on Consular Officials of 1928, the European Convention on Consular Functions of 1967, and the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations of April 24, 1963, which entered into force on March 18, 1967. and has a universal character, as well as bilateral consular conventions (and other types of agreements in this area).
Based on the analysis of the practice of concluding international agreements in the field of consular activities in Ukraine, the article identifies the types of such agreements and the standard structure and content of the consular convention.
It is concluded that international treaties are an important international legal instrument in the field of initiating and implementing consular relations between states, play a systemic role in the system of sources of legal regulation of consular activities. Based on international customs, they, in turn, determine the content of national legislation of Ukraine and host countries in the field of consular relations.
The concluded international bilateral agreements of Ukraine need to be streamlined and systematized. A systematic and unified approach also requires further conclusion of such agreements with countries with which consular relations have not yet been established (not regulated).
System and organizational structure of public administration in the field of land management, geodesy, cartography and land cadastre
Authors: Shpak O.V. 
Published: April 2022

Issues related to land relations occupy an important place in the activities of the state. The implementation of state land policy involves the implementation of public authorities activities in the field of land relations, aimed at rational use and protection of land, ensuring food security of the country and creating environmentally friendly conditions for economic activity and residence of citizens. The quality of state land policy is determined taking into account the criteria (requirements) of proper state management of land resources contained in the recommendations of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
The results of the analysis of the real situation in Ukraine allow us to state that today these measures have not been fully implemented. The state land policy can be considered as being in the process of formation and not fully meeting European and world criteria and requirements for proper land management. Today in Ukraine there is no approved at the legislative level of the general strategy for the development of land resources and land relations [1].
Among a wide range of public administration entities in the field of land relations, organizational activities of public administration in the field of land management, geodesy, cartography and land cadastre, has a separate system of entities designed in accordance with regulations to ensure implementation of state policy in the field of national infrastructure of geospatial data, topographic, geodetic and cartographic activities, land relations, land management, in the field of state land cadastre, state supervision (control) in the agro-industrial complex in terms of compliance with land legislation, use and protection of lands of all categories and forms of ownership, soil fertility.
On the basis of the analysis of normative-legal regulation the article defines the range of subjects of public administration of general, special and subject competence in the field of land management, geodesy, cartography and land cadastre.
Legal support of health transformation in the light of medical reform in consideration of European integration processes
Authors: Shlapko T. V. , Starynskyi M.V. , Myrhorod-Karpova V.V. , Vysotskyi А.І. , Shein D.S. 
Published: April 2022

The authors considered the main legal issues of updating the medical system of Ukraine and the directions of its digitalization in the context of reform. The essence and features of the implementation of digitalization in the European Union are clarified. The electronic health care systems of some European countries are considered, and, accordingly, attention is paid to the experience of their implementation and use.
The current state of legal support for the transformation of the electronic medical system is studied, taking into account the experience of foreign countries. The conclusion is made about the need for a slow transition to digitalization, taking into account the interests and capabilities of certain groups in society.
Since the Ministry of Health of Ukraine is currently abandoning paper reports and documents in the field of health care in order to reduce the risk of corruption and facilitate the process of treatment and communication for patients, doctors, and health care structures, the last few years are marked by the rapid integration of digital computer technology into health care.
Based on the electronic health care system, user-friendly online services have been developed for patients and other participants in the field of health care, with which you can choose a doctor and make a declaration with him, write and obtain an electronic prescription, make an appointment doctor, enter into an agreement with the National Health Service of Ukraine, the procedure for reporting on medical services provided. It is noted that the idea of creating these services is borrowed from the EU, which is why the article analyzes the analysis between European and domestic medical electronic systems.
The analysis of digital technologies in medical systems of European countries is carried out. The further vector and direction of development of the national health care system in the context of digitalization are determined. Important aspects and measures of optimization and modernization are highlighted, which should be taken into account in further reforming and creating new digital resources for a more comfortable transition and use of the latest digital technologies in Ukraine in health care.
Emphasis is placed on promising areas of state regulation in the field of health care reform in Ukraine in the light of European experience.
Practice of application of punishment for trafficking in human beings
Authors: Andrushko A.V. 
Published: April 2022

The article established the peculiarities of the application of punishment for trafficking in human beings based on the analysis of 300 convictions passed for the period from 2010 to 2019, which came into force. To this end, it summarizes data on 430 convicts for this crime.
The article clarifies the peculiarities of the consideration of the guilty person by courts, elaborates on the circumstances that mitigate and aggravate the punishment and draws attention to the main mistakes that occur during this process.
It establishes that 98,8% of persons convicted of trafficking in human beings were sentenced to imprisonment. Exercising the right to impose a milder punishment than provided by law, courts sentenced 1,2% of convicts to others, alternative to imprisonment, punishments: restraint of liberty (one person) and a fine (four persons).
The article finds that the range of sentences imposed by courts for trafficking in human beings is extremely wide – from 1 to 10 years in prison. At the same time, in a significant number (21%) of cases, the courts imposed this sentence for a lower term than the one defined as the minimum in Part 1 of Art. 149 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (three years). It also draws attention to the fact that the courts have never (!) sentenced convicts to more than 10 years of imprisonment, although the sanction of Part 3 of Art. 149 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine provides for this act up to 15 years in prison. In addition, it was noted that only 14,6% of convicted traffickers were sentenced to more than 5 years in prison.
The article concludes that there are no grounds for reviewing the existing sanctions under Art. 149 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, as the penalties provided for in them generally correspond to the real public danger of this encroachment and to the foreign experience in penalizing trafficking in human beings that was considered in the article.
The article also shows data illustrating the practice of sentencing convicts depending on the purpose of exploitation, which they pursued by committing this act.
It was found that the courts sentenced 29,5% of convicts for trafficking in human beings to less severe punishment than provided by law.
The article establishes that 41,4% of persons who committed human trafficking were sentenced to the actual serving of punishment, while 58,6% of persons were released from punishment and serving it. Among these persons, 96,4% were released from serving a probation sentence, 2,4% were pregnant women and women with children under the age of seven released from serving a probation sentence (Article 79 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), 1,2% – released from punishment in connection with the expiration of the statute of limitations (Part 5 of Article 74 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine).
Some legal aspects of identification of unidentified corpses
Authors: Prypkhan I.I. , Bdaytsieva H.M. 
Published: April 2022

Some problematic aspects of fingerprinting of unidentified corpses are outlined. It is noted that in the practice of law enforcement agencies there is often a situation related to the discovery of corpses, so there may be questions about the identity of the deceased and search for his relatives, as often at the time of death there are no documents proving his identity. Under such conditions, the use of fingerprinting with the use of the person, finding out the causes and death, crime detection, etc.
Today in the country as a whole there is a problem of unsatisfactory normative definition of dactyloscopy of corpses, including with significant posthumous changes, namely there is no procedure at the level of the algorithm that would ensure the mandatory and clear sequence of such a procedure.
In particular, it has not been determined which procedural documents the investigator sends to operatives, specialists of the Expert Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination. There is an acute lack of both departmental and interdepartmental regulations (including with units of forensic medical examination), which would functionally consolidate the relevant study. The recommendations available in the literature, on the one hand, are methodologically imperfect, and on the other hand, are not mandatory for forensic workers or law enforcement officers.
The problem can be solved by appointing a comprehensive expert study with the involvement of specialists in both fields, on the basis of the forensic bureau. However, first of all, it is necessary to carry out detailed legal regulation of this type of research by departmental regulations and it is necessary to develop a clear step-by-step algorithm for such a comprehensive study.
Comparative aspect of organizational and legal principles of animal protection in Ukraine and the states of the EU
Authors: Kobzeva T. A. , Shein D. S. 
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to in-depth and comprehensive coverage of the formation of a conceptual attitude to the organization, development, compliance and formalization of animal protection based on traditional methods of comparative studies through extra polar comparison of the domestic state of development of the legal plane and principles in the above field. Member States of the European Union (hereinafter — the EU).
The issue of the position of animal rights and their protection in terms of legal systems is consistently reflected in numerous studies. Issues that affect the aporia of humane treatment of animals, their welfare at the state level, prevention of all possible forms of discrimination and objectively cruel treatment are intended to establish or rethink previously underestimated socio-legal and organizational-legal aspects of regulation and enforcement. Animal welfare and comprehensive prevention of ethically abnormal behavior.
The main attention and research interest was primarily focused on the specifics of the legal regulation of animal protection in general and the content of current legal mechanisms on this issue in the EU. An equally important segment of the work is focused on detailing and analyzing the current regulation of organizational and legal principles of animal protection within the EU and a comprehensive demonstration of the cluster of Ukrainian legislation containing legal guarantees and key elements of animal protection in Ukraine. The presence of doctrinal and practical diversity in the environment of the chosen topic leads to the emergence of obvious contradictions or gaps, and foreign experience (which in this case should be understood as the interpretation and implementation of provisions and postulates applicable in EU countries) is an effective tool for overcoming miscalculations and reconciling in the ways that will be most rational and acceptable in today&#39;s conditions.
Committee on Human Rights, Deoccupation and Reintegration of the Temporarily Occupied Territories in Donetsk, Luhansk Oblasts and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Sevastopol, National Minorities and International Relations as a domestic institution for
Authors: Stavichny P. I. 
Published: April 2022

Civil law by its legal nature are precisely those rights, the protection of which must be constantly guaranteed and ensured at all levels of activity of any domestic institution.
The degree of civil rights is the main criterion for determining the level of the rule of law in a state.
Such protection should also take place when the committees of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine perform their functions within the framework of parliamentary control and carry out the main activities of such committees through subcommittees established from among their members.
It should be understood that underestimating the functions of the Ukrainian parliament, in particular the control function of the profile committee and the activities of its subcommittees, loses the importance of civil rights in the parliamentary control exercised by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.
We believe that the activities of the profile committee - the Committee on Human Rights, Deoccupation and Reintegration of the Temporarily Occupied Territories in Donetsk, Luhansk Oblasts and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the City of Sevastopol, National Minorities and International Relations - should focus on citizens right. Such concentration should be reflected, in particular, in the development of draft laws, preliminary consideration and preparation of conclusions and proposals on draft laws submitted by the subjects of the legislative initiative to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Immediate measures should also be taken to send materials for appropriate response within the limits established by law, bodies of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, state bodies, and their officials in order to protect civil rights. It is necessary to carefully analyze the practice of application of legislative acts in the activities of state bodies, their officials on issues related to the subjects of this profile committee, preparation and submission of relevant conclusions and recommendations to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.
Strengthening the role of the drafting and control functions of the profile committee will help prevent violations of civil rights and strengthen the mechanism for their protection.
Interaction of the profile committee of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine with the Commissioner for Human Rights of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, as one of the manifestations of the control function, plays an important role in the field of protection of civil rights.
The evolution of the formation of the right to enjoy another's land for agricultural purposes (emphyteusis) as a legal institution in independent Ukraine
Authors: Dolynska М.S. 
Published: April 2022

The legal institution of property law to enjoy another's land for agricultural purposes (emphyteusis) has a long history. Emphyteusis by its legal nature is a real right to enjoy another's land, which allows the emphyteuta (land user) to own and dispose of agricultural land.
In Ukraine, the right to enjoy another's land for agricultural purposes is a new legal institution. The author analyzes the evolution of the legislative regulation of the right to enjoy the land for agricultural purposes (emphyteusis) in modern Ukraine.
Particular attention is paid to the features of the norms of the Civil and Land Codes of Ukraine on the regulation of the right to enjoy another's land for agricultural purposes (emphyteusis).
The main periods of the formation of the legal regulation of the use of another’s land plot for agricultural needs (emphyteusis) in independent Ukraine are studied. It is stated that the legal regulation of the right to enjoy another's land for agricultural purposes (emphyteusis) has gone through four main stages of its development. The main legislative acts that regulate each of the periods of the formation of the legal regulation of the right to enjoy another's land for agricultural purposes (emphyteusis) in independent Ukraine are analyzed.
Attention is drawn to the problem of a certain inconsistency of the norms on the legal regulation of the enjoyment of another's land for agricultural purposes (emphyteusis) in the Land and Civil Codes of Ukraine. It is proved that in general the legal regulation of emphyteusis needs further changes, in particular in terms of coordination and compliance with the Civil and Land Codes of Ukraine.
On the Nonlocal Interaction Range for Stability of Nanobeams with Nonlinear Distribution of Material Properties
Authors: Jankowski Piotr 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The present study analyses the range of nonlocal parameters’ interaction on the buckling behaviour of nanobeam. The intelligent nonhomogeneous nanobeam is modelled as a symmetric functionally graded (FG) core with porosity cause nonlinear distribution of material parameters. The orthotropic face-sheets are made of piezoelectric materials. These kinds of structures are widely used in nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). The nanostructure model satisfies the assumptions of Reddy third-order beam theory and higher-order nonlocal elasticity and strain gradient theory. This approach allows to predict appropriate mechanical response of the nanobeam regardless of thin or thick structure, in addition to including nano-sized effects as hardening and softening. The analysis provided in the present study focuses on differences in results for nanobeam stability obtained based on classical and nonlocal theories. The study includes the effect of diverse size-dependent parameters, nanobeams’ length-to-thickness ratio and distributions of porosity and material properties through the core thickness as well as external electro-mechanical loading. The results show a dependence of nonlocal interaction range on geometrical and material parameters of nanobeam. The investigation undertaken in the present study provides an interpretation for this phenomenon, and thus aids in increasing awareness of nanoscale structures’ mechanical behaviour.
A Further Generalization of
limn→∞n!/nn=1/e
{\lim _{n \to \infty }}\root n \of {n!/n} = 1/e
Authors: Farhadian Reza , Jakimczuk Rafael 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
It is well-known, as follows from the Stirling’s approximation

n
!
∼

2
π
n

(

n
/
e

)

n

n! \sim \sqrt {2\pi n{{\left( {n/e} \right)}^n}}

, that

n
!
/
n
→
1
/
e

n

\root n \of {n!/n \to 1/e}

. A generalization of this limit is (11
s

· 22
s

· · · nns

)1

/ns

+1
· n−

1

/

(

s

+1)
→ e−

1

/

(

s

+1)2 which was established by N. Schaumberger in 1989 (see [8]). The aim of this work is to establish a new generalization that is in fact an improvement of Schaumberger’s formula for a general sequence An
of positive real numbers. All of the results are applied to some well-known sequences in mathematics, for example, for the prime numbers sequence and the sequence of perfect powers.
An Extension of the Abel–Liouville Identity
Authors: Páles Zsolt , Zakaria Amr 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this note, we present an extension of the celebrated Abel– Liouville identity in terms of noncommutative complete Bell polynomials for generalized Wronskians. We also characterize the range equivalence of n-dimensional vector-valued functions in the subclass of n-times differentiable functions with a nonvanishing Wronskian.