bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The features of sports commentary as copyright protected work
Authors: Doroshenko Dmytro 
Published: November 2022

Keywords: sports commentary, sport broadcast, broadcast, speech, creative activity
The article analyses a sports commentary legal nature as a result of creative activityof sportscaster, and, correspondingly, the possibility of legal protection provisionfor such a commentary.Based on the analysis of multiple researches, devoted to sports commentary, and establishedpractice, the author determines that sports commentary can be seen as creativework that demands a significant level of knowledge from a sportscaster whose aimis to attract an audience to sports broadcast. Thereby, a high number of sports commentariesfeatured by unique author’s style and originality contains the signs of artistic workthat could be protected by copyright according to Berne Convention provisions. In general, such result of creative activity corresponds to speech as copyright protected work,since sports commentary combines an applying of material prepared and analysed in advanceand impromptu generating due to unpredictability of sports competition actions.At the same time, the author emphasizes the difference of legal approaches to settlementof disputes concerning sports commentary within legal frameworks in the USA, theEU, and Ukraine. In particular, the Supreme Court of Sweden denies to acknowledge thelevel of sports commentary originality enough for copyright protection. However, such aposition can hardly be considered as common regarding sports commentary, since it doesnot characterize the work of a sports commentator as in general due to the variety of approachescan be applied in this genre of sports journalism. Simultaneously, judiciary ofUkraine and US indirectly recognize a sportscaster work as a creative activity. Thus,even though sports commentary is not protected by copyright within existing legalframeworks, several judgements provides the way to solution of that discuss. Bearing inmind that for today a broadcast of sports events still has pretty inappropriate level oflegal protection to secure it from pirate activities, the protection of sports commentarycould prove another legal instrument aimed to strengthen sports broadcasting legal positionsand personal rights of sportscaster.
Protection of technical means of protection and information on rights management in the European Union
Authors: Drobiazko Volodymyr 
Published: November 2022

Keywords: copyright, work, performance, phonogram, technical means of protection,information on rights management, digital networks
The article is devoted to the studyof such aspects as protection of technical means of protection and information on themanagement of rights in the European Union. These protections are provided for thefirst time in Articles 11 and 12 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT) and Articles 18 and19 of the WIPO Performance and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT). Each of the WIPOtreaties contains almost identical provisions obliging Member States to prevent circumventionof technical measures used to protect works, performances, and phonograms andinformation on rights management.The implementation of the above provisions of the WCT and the WPPT is devoted toChapter III «Protection of technological measures and information on rights management» (Articles 6, 7) of Directive 2001/29/EC of 22 May 2001 on the harmonization of certainaspects of copyright and related rights in the information society. Article 6 of the Directiveobliges EU Member States to provide adequate legal protection against the circumventionof any effective technical measure by a person who knows or should be aware for obvious reasons that he is pursuing such a goal. According to Article 7 of theDirective, the EU Member States are obliged to provide adequate legal protectionagainst all persons who knowingly commit unlawful acts regarding rights managementinformation.The provisions of Articles 7 and 8 of the Directive are incorporated into the domesticlaw of the EU Member States. The article analyses the relevant legal provisions of Germany,Austria, Greece, and Denmark. Thus, the German Law of September 10, 2003 onthe Regulation of Copyright and Related Rights in the Information Society introducedinto the Law on Copyright and Related Rights the regime of legal protection of technicalmeans of protection and information on rights management (paragraphs 95a–95d) andremedies rights (p.108b–111a), which prohibits the circumvention of mechanisms designedto protect works and other protected objects from unauthorized control.In Ukraine, the protection of technical means of protection and information on rightsmanagement is provided by the Law on Copyright and Related Rights, Article 1 of whichdefines the terms «information on rights management» and «technical means of protection», and Article 50 lists illegal acts protection and information on rights managementare classified as infringements of copyright and related rights. The subject of copyright orrelated rights may sue the person who infringes the right to technical remedies and informationon rights management.
Problems of patenting inventions created using artificial intelligence: doctrine and practice
Authors: Androshchuk Hennadii 
Published: November 2022

Keywords: intellectual property, artificial intelligence, inventor, software, examination,patent, digital transformation
The dynamics of development of the worldmarket of artificial intelligence (AI), patent activity in this field, problematic issuesarising in connection with the patenting of inventions created using AI are studied.Aspects of doctrine formation and policy development in the field of intellectual property(IP) and AI are considered. Features of examination of patentability of inventionscreated with the use of AI in different jurisdictions (EPO, USA, Germany, China), foreignlegislation, doctrinal positions and case law in this field are analysed. Accordingto the analysis of the Artificial Inventor project, DABUS applications indicating theAI system as the inventor, submitted in 17 jurisdictions, were mostly rejected at thelevel of intellectual property offices and as a result of court appeals. In general, theapplicant failed to persuade the IP courts and agencies with his arguments, despitedifferences in national law and patent systems.
The main provisions of the draft law «On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine» OnProtection of Rights to Inventions and Utility Models «on the regulation of relationsarising in relation to inventions and utility models created using artificial intelligence» are considered. It is concluded that the Law on the Protection of Rights to Inventionsand Utility Models excludes computer programs from patented objects. Theirminority is stated in the total number of filed applications and issued patents. Between1980 and 2018, only 740 such applications were published (1.26% of the total).The rules for compiling, submitting and reviewing an application for an invention(utility model) in Ukraine are outdated and do not reflect aspects of AI. Only a comprehensiveapproach (changes in legislation and improvement of expertise) will solvethis problem.
Phytochemical profiling, in vitro biological activity, docking studies, and cytotoxicity assessments of Rondeletia odorata Jacquin: An unexplored plant of the coffee family
Authors: Khursheed Anjum , Ahmad Saeed , Saleem Muhammad , Khan Kashif-ur-Rehman , Khan Jallat , Orhan Ilkay Erdogan , Abaci Nurten , Imran Muhammad , Tauseef Saba , Uddin Reaz , Yawer Mirza Arfan , Tousif Muhammad Imran , Ojha Suvash Chandra , Khurshid Umair 
Published: November 2022

Rondeletia odorataJacquin is a flowering plant that belongs to the coffee family. As a rich source of polyphenols with significant antioxidant potential,R. odoratamay have health benefits. Therefore, in the current work, ethanolic extract of aerial parts and its n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol soluble fractions were analyzed for their antioxidant potential and various enzyme inhibition properties. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the crude ethanol extract (ROE) and its n-hexane (ROH), ethyl acetate (ROEA), and n-butanol (ROB) fractions were determined spectrophotometrically, while metabolic profiling was established through UHPLC-MS analysis, which revealed the presence of 58 phytochemicals. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of ROE extract were measured as 51.92 mg GA.Eq./g of dry extract and 52.35 mg Qu.Eq./g of the dry extract, respectively. In the DPPH radical scavenging activity assay, ROE and ROEA showed the highest potential with values of 62.13 ± 0.62 and 76.31% ± 1.86%, respectively, comparable to quercetin (80.89% ± 0.54%). Similarly, in the FRAP assay, the same pattern of the activity was observed with ROE and ROEA, which displayed absorbance values of 1.32 ± 0.01 and 0.80 ± 0.02 at 700 nm, respectively, which are comparable (1.76 ± 0.02) with the reference compound quercetin, whereas the ROH showed maximum metal-chelating capacity (62.61% ± 1.01%) among all extracts and fractions. Antibacterial activity assay indicated that the ROEA fraction was the most active againstSerratia marcescens,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,Bacillus subtilis,Klebsiella pneumonia, andStaphylococcus aureus, while the rest of the fractions showed good to moderate activity. Enzyme inhibition assays showed that ROEA fraction exhibited the highest activity with IC50values of 2.78 ± 0.42 and 3.95 ± 0.13 mg/mL against urease and carbonic anhydrase (CA), respectively. Furthermore, the docking studies of some of the major compounds identified in the extract revealed a strong correlation with their inhibitory activity. All extracts and fractions were also tested for their thrombolytic activity, and the ROB fraction showed a notable potential. Antiviral assay led to remarkable outcomes. Thus, it can be inferred that aerial parts ofR. odorataare potential sources of bioactive components with several significant pharmacological activities.
Adverse association of epicardial adipose tissue accumulation with cardiac function and atrioventricular coupling in postmenopausal women assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Huang Shan , Shi Ke , Jiang Li , Ren Yan , Wang Jin , Yan Wei-Feng , Qian Wen-Lei , Li Yuan , Yang Zhi-Gang 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThis study aims to investigate the association of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) accumulation with cardiac function and atrioventricular coupling in a cohort of postmenopausal women assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR).Materials and methodsOverall, 283 postmenopausal women (mean age 61.5 ± 9.1 years) who underwent CMR examination were enrolled. Participants were classified into four groups by the quartile of EAT volume. EAT volume was quantified on short-axis cine stacks covering the entire epicardium. CMR-derived cardiac structure and function, including left atrial (LA)- volume, emptying fraction, deformation, and left ventricular (LV)- mass, volume, ejection fraction, and deformation, were compared among the four groups of graded EAT volume.ResultsLeft ventricular mass (LVM) and LV remodeling index were both increased in the group with the highest EAT volume, compared to those in the lowest quartile (p = 0.016 and p = 0.003). The LV global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS), circumferential strain (LV-GCS), and LA- reservoir strain (LA-RS), conduit strain (LA-CS), and booster strain (LA-BS), were all progressively decreased from the lowest quartile of EAT volume to the highest (all p &lt; 0.05). Multivariable linear regression analyses showed that EAT was independently associated with LV-GLS, LA-RS, LA-CS, and LA-BS after adjusting for body mass index and other clinical factors.ConclusionEpicardial adipose tissue accumulation is independently associated with subclinical LV and LA function in postmenopausal women. These associations support the role of EAT in mediating deleterious effects on cardiac structure and function.
Characterization of chemokine and cytokine expression pattern in tuberculous lymphadenitis patient
Authors: Novita Bernadette Dian , Tjahjono Yudy , Wijaya Sumi , Theodora Imelda , Erwin Ferdinand , Halim Stefan Wilson , Hendrawan Bobby , Jaya David Karunia , Tahalele Paul L. 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionC-C chemokine receptor-2 (CCR-2) and C-C chemokine ligand-5 (CCL-5) play an important role in the migration of monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and activated T cells againstMycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tb). Meanwhile, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT-3) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS-3), activated by interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 in tuberculosis (TB) infection, play an important role in phagocytosis, inflammation, and granulomatous-forming processes that may lead to TB treatment success or failure. However, there are no data about the expression of those markers in tuberculous lymphadenitis. The characterization of those markers is very critical to put a fundamental basis to understand the homing mechanism of tuberculous lymphadenitis.Aim of studyThe specific objective of this study is to characterize the expression pattern of CCR-2-CCL-5, IL-6, IL-10, STAT-3, and SOCS-3 in tuberculous lymphadenitis.MethodsThe study was performed on 27 cases of tuberculous lymphadenitis node biopsies. The diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis was based on the clinical criteria and the presence of the histological feature characteristic of TB granulomas. Afterward, immunohistochemistry was stained with CCR-2, CCL-5, IL-6, IL-10, STAT-3, and SOCS-3. A semiquantitative analysis of IHC images was performed to examine protein expression in stained preparations. The expression was also manually counted.ResultsCompared with the normal area, both lymphocytes and macrophages expressed strongly CCR-2-, CCL-5, and IL-6, while IL-10, STAT-3-, and SOCS-3- were expressed lowly. There was a strong positive correlation between CCR-2 with IL-6 (p = 0,83) and IL-10 (p = 0,83).ConclusionThe chronic infection process of tuberculous lymphadenitis was characterized by the expression of IL-10low, STAT-3low, SOCS-3low, CCR-2high, CCL-5high, and IL-6high.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT05202548.
Hospital admission and vaccination as predictive factors of long COVID-19 symptoms
Authors: Romero-Rodríguez Esperanza , Pérula-de Torres Luis Ángel , Castro-Jiménez Rafael , González-Lama Jesús , Jiménez-García Celia , González-Bernal Jerónimo J. , González-Santos Josefa , Vélez-Santamaría Rodrigo , Sánchez-González Esteban , Santamaría-Peláez Mirian 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundSince the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, a great variability of symptoms that affect all organs and systems of the body has been identified in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection; this symptomatology can sometimes persist over time, giving rise to the so-called long COVID or post-COVID. The aim of this study is to delve into the clinical characterization of these patients, as well as to take into account the influence of factors such as hospitalization, admission to ICU, history of pneumonia, or vaccination status on the persistence of symptoms.Material and methodsAn observational, descriptive, multicenter, and retrospective study was designed with a series of cases of people who presented long COVID, which includes univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. Data were obtained from an online ad hoc questionnaire, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Software Version 25 (IBM-Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).ResultsHospitalization, ICU admission, history of pneumonia, and vaccination were predictive factors (positive or negative) for the following long-COVID symptoms: headache, menstrual disorders, joint pain, cough, chills, nasal congestion, back pain, abdominal pain, weight loss, eye discomfort, facial erythema, itching, tremors, dizziness, seizures, sleeping difficulty, dry eyes, palpitations, fatigue, paresthesia, dyspnea, aphonia, chest pain, high blood pressure, vomiting, memory loss, brain fog, hypothermia, low blood pressure, sputum or phlegm, lack of concentration, hair loss, and erectile dysfunction.ConclusionThis study provides evidence on the clinical characterization of patients suffering from long COVID in order to offer them the most appropriate treatments.
Effect of blood lipids and lipid-lowering therapies on osteoarthritis risk: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Zhaolun , Liu Mengyuan , Zhou Yixin , Shao Hongyi , Yang Dejin , Huang Yong , Deng Wang 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundWe aimed to investigate the effects of blood lipids and lipid-lowering agents on osteoarthritis (OA) risk.Materials and methodsWe performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to estimate the causal effect of blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) levels on knee and hip OA. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected from large genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of individuals of European ancestry as genetic instruments for blood lipid levels. The associations of selected genetic instruments with knee and hip OA were estimated in a recent GWAS of the UK Biobank and arcOGEN datasets. Univariate and multivariate MR analyses were performed to detect and adjust for potential pleiotropy. Furthermore, genetic instruments in HMGCR, NPC1L1, and PCSK9 regions were used to mimic LDL-C-lowering effects of statin, ezetimibe, and evolocumab, respectively.ResultsGenetically determined LDL-C increments led to reduced risks of both knee OA (OR = 0.91 per 1-SD increment, 95% CI: 0.86–0.95, P = 6.3 × 10−5) and hip OA (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85–0.99, P = 0.027). Multivariate MR analysis proved that the effect was independent of HDL-C, TG, and body mass index. TG increment was associated with reduced risks of hip OA in the univariate MR analysis; however, this was not supported by the multivariate MR analysis. Genetically proxied LDL-C-lowering effects of statins are related to increased risks of knee OA but not hip OA.ConclusionsThe findings suggested that LDL-C increments have independent protective effects on both knee and hip OA. LDL-C-lowering effects of statins may increase the risk of knee OA.
The impact of Traditional Chinese Medicine on mouse gut microbiota abundances and interactions based on Granger causality and pathway analysis
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhang Dahan , Bai Xiaogang , Chen Yang , Qiu Qinwei , Shang Xiaoxiao , Deng Yusheng , Yang Hongyan , Fang Xiaodong , Yang Zhimin , Han Lijuan 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesThe intestinal microbiota is essential in absorbing nutrients and defending against pathogens and is associated with various diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. As an alternative medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has long been used in disease treatment and healthcare, partly because it may mediate gut microbiota. However, the specific effects of TCM on the abundance and interactions of microbiota remain unknown. Moreover, using TCM ingredients and data detailing changes in the abundance of gut microorganisms, we developed bioinformatic methods that decipher the impact of TCM on microorganism interactions.MethodsThe dynamics of gut microorganisms affected by TCM treatments is explored using a mouse model, which provided the abundance of 70 microorganisms over time. The Granger causality analysis was used to measure microorganism interactions. Novel “serial connection” and “diverging connection” models were used to identify molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of TCM on gut microorganism interactions, based on microorganism proteins, TCM chemical ingredients, and KEGG reaction equations.ResultsCodonopsis pilosula (Dangshen), Cassia twig (Gui Zhi), Radices saussureae (Mu Xiang), and Sijunzi Decoction did not cause an increase in the abundance of harmful microorganisms. Most TCMs decreased the abundance of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, suggesting a Bifidobacterium pseudolongum supplement should be used during TCM treatment. The Granger causality analysis indicated that TCM treatment changes more than half the interactions between the 70 microorganisms, and “serial connection” and “diverging connection” models suggested that changes in interactions may be related to the reaction number connecting species proteins and TCM ingredients. From a species diversity perspective, a TCM decoction is better than a single herb for healthcare. The Sijunzi Decoction only significantly increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum and did not cause a decrease in the abundance of other species but was found to improve the alpha diversity with the lowest replacement rate.ConclusionsBecause most of the nine TCMs are medicinal and edible plants, we expect the methods and results presented can be used to optimize and integrate microbiota and TCMs into healthcare processes. Moreover, as a control study, these results can be combined with future disease mouse models to link variations in species abundance with particular diseases.
Global trends and hotspots in research of robotic surgery in oncology: A bibliometric and visual analysis from 2002 to 2021
Authors: Lu Hua , Han Tingliang , Li Fangcun , Yang Jiali , Hou Zhaomeng 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundWith the development of robotic surgery in the field of oncology, an increasing number of relevant research papers have been published. In order to explore the research hotspots and trends in this field, a bibliometric and visual analysis was performed for the first time.MethodsThe literature records related to oncology robotic surgery were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database and imported into the software VOSviewer 1.6.18, CiteSpace 6.1.R3, and the Bibliometric Online Analysis Platform for analysis.ResultsA total of 6,964 publications, including 5,635 articles and 1,329 reviews, were included in this study. Over the past 20 years, annual publications and citations have experienced rapid growth, particularly in the last two years. The United States was the country with the most publications, while Yonsei University in South Korea was the most productive institution. The Journal of Robotic Surgery and the Journal of Urology were the journals with the most publications and citations, respectively. Mottrie A from Belgium and Ficarra V from Italy were the authors with the highest number of publications and citations, respectively. The keywords “robotic surgical procedure”, “laparoscopic surgery”, “prostate cancer”, “colorectal cancer”, “gastric cancer”, “resection”, “complications classification”, “open surgery”, “transoral robotic surgery”, “pathological outcomes”, and “robot-assisted surgery” reflect the research hotspots and trends of oncology robotic surgery.ConclusionThe therapeutic advantages of robotic surgery in oncology are not yet prominent, and further randomized controlled trials with multicenter and large samples are needed to evaluate the advantages of robotic surgery compared with laparoscopic surgery and open surgery in the treatment of tumors from multiple outcome indicators.