bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lobbying and emergency management in the United States: Issues, priorities and implications
Authors: Jamieson Thomas , Louis‐Charles Hans M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent scholarship has explored the impact of interest groups on policy in the United States. However, little remains known about lobbying efforts and their effects in emergency management. Through analysis of a large data set of declared political activities from 1999 to 2020, we describe lobbying efforts in disaster planning and emergencies. Our findings suggest that lobbying efforts and expenditure are positively associated with appropriations (but not disaster incidence or severity), that corporations and trade associations are the organizations most involved in lobbying and that many of these efforts appear to be aimed at impacting legislation and the procurement of public funds for recovery efforts. We also find that only a minuscule number of lobbying efforts are related to socially vulnerable populations or social equity concerns. Collectively, these insights raise important questions about this process, demonstrating the need for further research to better understand lobbying and emergency management in the United States across all phases of the disaster life cycle.
A new approach for crisis management analysis: Considering the anticipation/decision making pair as a continuum
Authors: November Valérie , Winter Thierry , Azémar Alice , Canovas Ingrid , Chevillot‐Miot Elie , Lecacheux Sophie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe polysemy of crisis anticipation and decision‐making in crisis situations, and the difficulties regularly encountered during these processes, have been highlighted in the literature. This paper illustrates the obstacles to accurately predicting crisis situations by demonstrating the fragmentation of the pair anticipation/decision‐making. It does so through two studies involving the Caribbean Irma–Jose–Maria hurricane sequence (2017), through the respective lenses of the French National Crisis Coordination Centre at the Interministerial level and of a government operator, the French Geological Survey, at the territorial level. Absence of shared vision within and between crisis management rooms regarding the nature, time horizon, and methodological framework of the anticipation function all hampered its effective implementation during the hurricane sequences. This was mainly due to the coexistence of different ministerial cultures regarding crisis anticipation and the siloed structure of the French Crisis Management System. Findings suggest that time is a critical structuring element for adaptive and shared anticipatory approaches. Therefore, the anticipation/decision‐making pair can be seen as a continuum integrating all temporalities from prevention to crisis management and reconstruction. This new paradigm should be applied through the plurality of administrative cultures, which are in great tension with each other in preventing and managing crisis situations.
Citizen conceptions of democracy and support for artificial intelligence in government and politics
Authors: KÖNIG PASCAL D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHow much do citizens support artificial intelligence (AI) in government and politics at different levels of decision‐making authority and to what extent is this AI support associated with citizens’ conceptions of democracy? Using original survey data from Germany, the analysis shows that people are overall sceptical toward using AI in the political realm. The findings suggest that how much citizens endorse democracy as liberal democracy as opposed to several of its disfigurations matters for AI support, but only in high‐level politics. While a stronger commitment to liberal democracy is linked to lower support for AI, the findings contradict the idea that a technocratic notion of democracy lies behind greater acceptance of political AI uses. Acceptance is higher only among those holding reductionist conceptions of democracy which embody the idea that whatever works to accommodate people's views and preferences is fine. Populists, in turn, appear to be against AI in political decision making.
The social vulnerability metric (SVM) as a new tool for public health
Authors: Saulsberry Loren , Bhargava Ankur , Zeng Sharon , Gibbons Jason B. , Brannan Cody , Lauderdale Diane S. , Gibbons Robert D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo derive and validate a new ecological measure of the social determinants of health (SDoH), calculable at the zip code or county level.Data Sources and Study SettingThe most recent releases of secondary, publicly available data were collected from national U.S. health agencies as well as state and city public health departments.Study DesignThe Social Vulnerability Metric (SVM) was constructed from U.S. zip‐code level measures (2018) from survey data using multidimensional Item Response Theory and validated using outcomes including all‐cause mortality (2016), COVID‐19 vaccination (2021), and emergency department visits for asthma (2018). The SVM was also compared with the existing Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) to determine convergent validity and differential predictive validity.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsThe data were collected directly from published files available to the public online from national U.S. health agencies as well as state and city public health departments.Principal FindingsThe correlation between SVM scores and national age‐adjusted county all‐cause mortality was r = 0.68. This correlation demonstrated the SVM's robust validity and outperformed the SVI with an almost four‐fold increase in explained variance (46% vs. 12%). The SVM was also highly correlated (r ≥ 0.60) to zip‐code level health outcomes for the state of California and city of Chicago.ConclusionsThe SVM offers a measurement tool improving upon the performance of existing SDoH composite measures and has broad applicability to public health that may help in directing future policies and interventions. The SVM provides a single measure of SDoH that better quantifies associations with health outcomes.
High‐doseTiger‐Gianformula protects the knee joint from surgically induced osteoarthritis in rats
Authors: Hou Pu‐Wei , Liu Shan‐Chi , Tsay Gregory J. , Chang Yuan‐Shiun , Huang Hui‐Chi , Tang Chih‐Hsin , Chang Hen‐Hong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimAlthough the Tiger‐Gian formula (TGF) has proven clinically effective at improving the symptoms of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), the pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms of TGF have not been examined in any animal model. This study assessed the effects of TGF in male Sprague‐Dawley rats with anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) ‐induced KOA.MethodsThirty rats underwent ACLT surgery and were assigned to either the control group, ACLT alone, ACLT + low‐dose TGF (1000 mg/kg), ACLT + high‐dose TGF (3000 mg/kg), or ACLT + celecoxib (30 mg/kg). All rats were subjected to micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT), weight‐bearing behavioral testing, and histological inspections of the knee joint for evidence of structural changes in articular bone, cartilage and synovium.ResultsAfter 6 weeks, force discrepancies in weight‐bearing distribution between the normal hind and postoperative limbs revealed superiority with high‐dose TGF (18.00 ± 5.93 g) and celecoxib (18.68 ± 5.29 g) versus both ACLT alone (41.29 ± 7.06 g) and low‐dose TGF (37.00 ± 7.40 g). Micro‐CT images revealed that high‐dose TGF and celecoxib similarly improved subchondral bone architecture, protected articular cartilage after ACLT, and downregulated proinflammatory cytokines interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α in the cartilage and synovial sections.ConclusionHigh‐dose TGF induced the smallest amount of KOA‐associated bone loss. Anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidative, and immunomodulatory effects of TGF were accompanied by reductions in proinflammatory cytokines and improvements in pain and function. TGF‐induced anti‐osteoporotic activity and inhibition of cartilage degradation were reflected by micro‐CT and histological analysis. The findings help to explain how TGF alleviates symptoms of KOA.
Evaluating the causal effect of tobacco smoking on white matter brain aging: a two‐sample Mendelian randomization analysis in UK Biobank
Authors: Mo Chen , Wang Jingtao , Ye Zhenyao , Ke Hongjie , Liu Song , Hatch Kathryn , Gao Si , Magidson Jessica , Chen Chixiang , Mitchell Braxton D. , Kochunov Peter , Hong L. Elliot , Ma Tianzhou , Chen Shuo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsTobacco smoking is a risk factor for impaired brain function, but its causal effect on white matter brain aging remains unclear. This study aimed to measure the causal effect of tobacco smoking on white matter brain aging.DesignMendelian randomization (MR) analysis using two non‐overlapping data sets (with and without neuroimaging data) from UK Biobank (UKB). The group exposed to smoking and control group consisted of current smokers and never smokers, respectively. Our main method was generalized weighted linear regression with other methods also included as sensitivity analysis.SettingUnited Kingdom.ParticipantsThe study cohort included 23 624 subjects [10 665 males and 12 959 females with a mean age of 54.18 years, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 54.08, 54.28].MeasurementsGenetic variants were selected as instrumental variables under the MR analysis assumptions: (1) associated with the exposure; (2) influenced outcome only via exposure; and (3) not associated with confounders. The exposure smoking status (current versus never smokers) was measured by questionnaires at the initial visit (2006–10). The other exposure, cigarettes per day (CPD), measured the average number of cigarettes smoked per day for current tobacco users over the life‐time. The outcome was the ‘brain age gap’ (BAG), the difference between predicted brain age and chronological age, computed by training machine learning model on a non‐overlapping set of never smokers.FindingsThe estimated BAG had a mean of 0.10 (95% CI = 0.06, 0.14) years. The MR analysis showed evidence of positive causal effect of smoking behaviors on BAG: the effect of smoking is 0.21 (in years, 95% CI = 6.5 × 10−3, 0.41; P‐value = 0.04), and the effect of CPD is 0.16 year/cigarette (UKB: 95% CI = 0.06, 0.26; P‐value = 1.3 × 10−3; GSCAN: 95% CI = 0.02, 0.31; P‐value = 0.03). The sensitivity analyses showed consistent results.ConclusionsThere appears to be a significant causal effect of smoking on the brain age gap, which suggests that smoking prevention can be an effective intervention for accelerated brain aging and the age‐related decline in cognitive function.
pH influences the volumetric change of calcium silicate‐ and epoxy resin‐based root canal sealers: An ex vivo micro‐CT study
Authors: Ferreira Cláudio Malizia Alves , de Lima Carolina Oliveira , Pinto Karem Paula , Barbosa Ana Flávia Almeida , Fidalgo Gabriel , Sena Gabriela , Colaço Marcos Vinicius , Barroso Regina Cely , Sassone Luciana Moura , Silva Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study assessed the influence of pH variation on the volumetric change of EndoSequence BC Sealer compared to AH Plus Jet. Eighteen single‐rooted teeth were uniformly prepared and filled with one of the sealers. After 24‐h storing, samples were scanned in a micro‐CT device. Then, roots were immersed in 20 ml phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) with pH of 5, 7 or 12 at 37°C for 7 and 30 days and rescanned. Statistical analysis was performed using Shapiro–Wilk's test, one‐way ANOVA and Tukey's or Student's t‐tests (p < 0.05). Differences between sealers were observed only at neutral pH and after 30 days of acidic pH exposure, with a higher loss of EndoSequence (p < 0.05). After 7 days, alkaline pH reduced and increased the volumetric loss of EndoSequence and AH Plus, respectively, compared to neutral pH (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that the pH directly influenced the volumetric change of both tested root canal sealers in different ways.
Influence of rotary and reciprocating kinematics on the accuracy of an integrated apex locator
Authors: de Almeida Gardelin Verônica , Vinholes Júlia Itzel Acosta Moreno , Grazziotin‐Soares Renata , Pappen Fernanda Geraldo , Barletta Fernando Branco 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe evaluated in vitro the influence of nickel‐titanium instruments kinematics on the accuracy and variation of root canal working length measurements, performed with an integrated apex locator, at glide path and at the end of shaping. Forty‐four mandibular incisors, included in an alginate model, were allocated at random to two groups: reciprocating and rotary. Working length was determined at glide path stage and at the end of shaping. Measurements given by the integrated apex locator were matched with visual measurements. The apex locator accuracy was based on inter‐group comparison. The variation in working length was based on intra‐group comparison. Kinematics influenced the accuracy of measurements only after shaping (p < 0.05), and not in the glide path (p > 0.05). Rotary had values closer to the visual measurements. Diminishing of measures occurred after shaping for reciprocating (p < 0.05); and at glide‐path stage for rotary (p > 0.05). The integrated apex locator was more accurate with rotary kinematics.
What is the narrative for practice? A review of recommendations on feedback and a guide to writing impactful practical implications
Authors: Dello Russo Silvia , Mirfakhar Atieh S. , Miraglia Mariella 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResearch on supervisory feedback has burgeoned over the past 20 years. We ask, what does it have to offer to management practitioners, and is this knowledge conveyed in a constructive way? To answer these questions, we conducted a systematic literature review of the practical implications contained in feedback studies. Based on our retained articles (N = 120) and using the W‐H questions as our guiding framework, we critically discuss: Why recommendations are offered, What recommendations are endorsed, When and Where the recommendations are presented as most applicable, to Whom those are addressed, and How they are framed by researchers. In so doing, we summarise the indications that scientific research has offered to practitioners; moreover, following the same framework and the insights collected via a follow‐up survey of academics (N = 61), we provide recommendations to researchers across the management and psychology disciplines on how to craft their practical implications sections in a way that may help bridge the gap between research and practice.
Intermittent hypoxic conditioning restores neurological dysfunction of mice induced by long‐term hypoxia
Authors: Li Gaifen , Guan Yuying , Gu Yakun , Guo Mengyuan , Ma Wei , Shao Qianqian , Liu Jia , Ji Xunming 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundCentral nervous system diseases are associated with hypoxia, which usually cause irreversible nerve damage, but the underlying mechanism is unclear and effective intervention strategies are lacking. This study was designed to explore the mechanism and treatment strategy of hypoxia‐induced nerve injury.MethodsIn this study, 13% O2 was used to treat mice for 0, 1, 3 7, and 14 days, Morris water maze and other animal behavior experiments were used to evaluate the neurological function of mice. TUNEL, BrdU, PCNA, DCX, and SOX2 staining were used to observe the apoptosis and proliferation of mouse neurons. RT‐PCR and Iba1 staining were used to evaluate the release of inflammatory factors IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α and the activation of microglia.ResultsShort‐term hypoxia promotes neurogenesis, while long‐term hypoxia inhibits neurogenesis. The changes in hypoxia‐induced neurogenesis were positively correlated with neurological functions, but negatively correlated with apoptosis. Moreover, intermittent hypoxic conditioning restored long‐term hypoxia‐induced neurological dysfunction by promoting neural stem cell generation and inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α and the activation of microglia.ConclusionHypoxia promoted neurogenesis in a time‐dependent manner, and intermittent hypoxic conditioning exerted a neuroprotective effect through promoting neural stem cell generation and suppressing inflammation induced by long‐term hypoxia stress, which provided a novel concept to develop a treatment for hypoxia‐related brain injury.
Role of the mechanosensitive piezo1 channel in intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Guo Sheng , Wang Chenglong , Xiao Changming , Gu Qinwen , Long Longhai , Wang Xiaoqiang , Xu Houping , Li Sen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a multifactorial skeletal disease involving mechanical, genetic, systemic, and biological factors, and it is characterized by apoptosis of the nucleus pulposus cells and breakdown of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which will impair the structure and function of the intervertebral disc (IVD), and cause low back pain. Recently, the piezo1 is recognized as a critical mechanically activated ion channel of IDD. Numerous studies have reported that the piezo1 ion channel was aberrantly activated in the degenerated disc tissues and deeply participated in the pathogenesis of IDD. Inactivating or interfering with the piezo1 channel could effectively prevent the progression of IDD under the experimental conditions. It may be a promising target for the prevention and treatment of the disabling disease. Therefore, we have to make a comprehensive investigation and understanding of the mechanisms and functions of the piezo1 in the biomechanics of the spine. This study mainly elucidates the role of the piezo1 channel in IDD, which may facilitate the development of therapeutic targets for this disease.
Acute muscular and cardiovascular responses to high load training with pre‐exercise blood flow restriction
Authors: Moreno Enrique N. , Hammert William B. , Martin Cole C. , Buckner Samuel L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the acute muscular and cardiovascular responses to applying blood flow restriction (BFR) before high‐load training.MethodsForty trained individuals visited the lab on three occasions. On Visit 1, participants completed paperwork and performed strength assessments. During Visits 2 and 3, participants completed four exercise conditions (one in each arm during each visit) as follows: (1) traditional resistance training (TRAD), (2) low load training with BFR (LLBFR), (3) low repetition high load training with pre‐exercise BFR (PreBFR), and (4) low repetition traditional training (LRTRAD). Blood pressure, muscle thickness (MT), and isometric strength (ISO) were measured before and after exercise.ResultsData are displayed as means (SD). Immediately following exercise, MT in TRAD was greater compared with PreBFR (mean difference = 0.18[0.30] cm, p < 0.001) and LRTRAD (mean difference = 0.28[0.30] cm, p < 0.001). In addition, LLBFR demonstrated greater MT compared with PreBFR (mean difference = 0.24[0.30] cm, p < 0.001]. Immediately following exercise, ISO was lower in TRAD compared with PreBFR (mean difference = 33.8[46.9]N, p < 0.001) and the LRTRAD condition (mean difference = 32.8[50.4]N, p < 0.001). In addition, ISO was lower in LLBFR compared with PreBFR (mean difference = 43.9 [47.4]N, p < 0.001) and LRTRAD (mean difference = 42.9 [43.8]N, p < 0.001). Immediately following exercise, systolic blood pressure was greater in TRAD compared with PreBFR and LRTRAD.ConclusionThe application of BFR before engaging in high‐load training does not seem to augment the muscular responses to exercise when compared with traditional high loads alone; however, it may pose less demand on the cardiovascular system.
Predator–prey co‐occurrence in harvest blocks: Implications for caribou and forestry
Authors: McKay Tracy L. , Finnegan Laura A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractForest harvesting alters habitat, impacts wildlife, and disrupts ecosystem function. Across the boreal forest of Canada, forest harvesting affects ungulate prey species and their predators, with cascading impacts on other species, including threatened woodland caribou. We used camera and vegetation data and occupancy modeling to investigate what characteristics in and around forestry harvest blocks influenced the occupancy and co‐occurrence of primary prey (elk, moose, mule deer, white‐tailed deer) and predators (black bear, cougar, grizzly bear, wolf) in harvest blocks. Occupancy was linked to forage, the surrounding habitat and anthropogenic disturbance, and silviculture practices. Black and grizzly bear occupancy was influenced by the presence of deer, and bear–deer co‐occurrence was influenced by site‐specific silviculture practices and surrounding anthropogenic disturbance. In the context of caribou recovery, our results indicate that forestry within caribou ranges could consider site‐specific silviculture practices and landscape‐level planning to reduce use of harvest blocks by primary prey. Future caribou recovery efforts may also consider the roles of deer and bears in caribou predation risk. Our study provides the first insights into the impacts of forestry and silviculture on boreal forest predator–prey co‐occurrence and provides practical management applications to mitigate the impacts of anthropogenic activities on the boreal forest ecosystem into the future.
Mitochondrial function, grip strength, and activity are related to recovery of mobility after a total knee arthroplasty
Authors: van Diemen Marcus P. J. , Ziagkos Dimitrios , Kruizinga Matthijs D. , Bénard Menno R. , Lambrechtse Philip , Jansen Joris A. J. , Snoeker Barbara A. M. , Gademan Maaike G. J. , Cohen Adam F. , Nelissen Rob G. H. H. , Groeneveld Geert Jan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLow muscle quality and a sedentary lifestyle are indicators for a slow recovery after a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Mitochondrial function is an important part of muscle quality and a key driver of sarcopenia. However, it is not known whether it relates to recovery. In this pilot study, we monitored activity after TKA using a wrist mounted activity tracker and assessed the relation of mitochondrial function on the rate of recovery after TKA. Additionally, we compared the increase in activity as a way to measure recovery to traditional outcome measures. Patients were studied 2 weeks before TKA and up to 6 months after. Activity was monitored continuously. Baseline mitochondrial function (citrate synthase and complex [CP] 1–5 abundance of the electron transport chain) was determined on muscle tissue taken during TKA. Traditional outcome measures (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [KOOS], timed up‐and‐go [TUG] completion time, grip, and quadriceps strength) were performed 2 weeks before, 6 weeks after, and 6 months after TKA. Using a multivariate regression model with various clinical baseline parameters, the following were significantly related to recovery: CP5 abundance, grip strength, and activity (regression weights 0.13, 0.02, and 2.89, respectively). During recovery, activity correlated to the KOOS‐activities of daily living (ADL) score (r = 0.55, p = 0.009) and TUG completion time (r = −0.61, p = 0.001). Mitochondrial function seems to be related to recovery, but so are activity and grip strength, all indicators of sarcopenia. Using activity trackers before and after TKA might give the surgeon valuable information on the expected recovery and the opportunity to intervene if recovery is low.