bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal global transcriptomic profiling of preclinical systemic sclerosis reveals molecular changes associated with disease progression
Authors: Bellocchi Chiara , Beretta Lorenzo , Wang Xuan , Lyons Marka A , Marchini Maurizio , Lorini Maurizio , Carbonelli Vincenzo , Montano Nicola , Assassi Shervin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate peripheral blood cell (PBCs) global gene expression profile of SSc at its preclinical stage (PreSSc) and to characterize the molecular changes associated with progression to a definite disease over time.Material and methodsClinical data and PBCs of 33 participants with PreSSc and 16 healthy controls (HCs) were collected at baseline and follow-up (mean 4.2 years). Global gene expression profiling was conducted by RNA sequencing and a modular analysis was performed.ResultsComparison of baseline PreSSc to HCs revealed 2889 differentially expressed genes. Interferon signalling was the only activated pathway among top over-represented pathways. Moreover, 10 modules were significantly decreased in PreSSc samples (related to lymphoid lineage, cytotoxic/NK cell, and erythropoiesis) in comparison to HCs. At follow-up, 14 subjects (42.4%) presented signs of progression (evolving PreSSc) and 19 remained in stable preclinical stage (stable PreSSc). Progression was not associated with baseline clinical features or baseline PBC transcript modules. At follow-up stable PreSSc normalized their down-regulated cytotoxic/NK cell and protein synthesis modules while evolving PreSSc kept a down-regulation of cytotoxic/NK cell and protein synthesis modules. Transcript level changes of follow-up vs baseline in stable PreSSc vs evolving PreSSc showed 549 differentially expressed transcripts (336 up and 213 down) with upregulation of the EIF2 Signalling pathway.ConclusionsParticipants with PreSSc had a distinct gene expression profile indicating that molecular differences at a transcriptomic level are already present in the preclinical stages of SSc. Furthermore, a reduced NK signature in PBCs was related to SSc progression over time.
From Secrecy to Public Containment: The Role of Hybrid Spaces in the Governance of Nuclear Crises in France
Authors: Arnhold Valerie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHow do some large-scale adverse events receive major media coverage and become crises for public actors while others are treated as routine events? This article reinvestigates this question based on a case study of the media treatment in France of the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents. Drawing on an original set of media data and an ethnographic study, the article shows how both accidents were subject to forms of opacity that limit their effects on nuclear institutions: Chernobyl has been treated through secrecy that leads to contestation of nuclear institutions, whereas Fukushima has been characterized by “public containment,” relying on extensive publication but low-priority and uncontroversial narratives that do not reflect the stakes of a given policy field. This paper explains the role of Fukushima in France through institutional transformations that public actors engaged in following Chernobyl to reestablish the credibility of public information sources and to monitor public debates over nuclear accidents by developing “hybrid” spaces, located at the interface of organizational frontstages and backstages. This case shows how responding to transparency demands may sometimes create new forms of opacity by reducing the epistemic quality of public debates while containing political crises.
Prostate cancer screening: Continued controversies and novel biomarker advancements
Authors: Tidd-Johnson Atiyah , Sebastian Sneha Annie , Co Edzel Lorraine , Afaq Munaza , Kochhar Hansini , Sheikh Mona , Mago Arpit , Poudel Sujan , Fernandez John A. , Rodriguez Ivan D. , Razdan Sanjay 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) screening remains one of the most controversial topics in clinical and public health. Despite being the second most common cancer in men worldwide, recommendations for screening using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are unclear. Early detection and the resulting postscreening treatment lead to overdiagnosis and overtreatment of otherwise indolent cases. In addition, several unwanted harms are associated with PCa screening process. This literature review focuses on the limitations of PSA-specific PCa screening, reasons behind the screening controversy, and the novel biomarkers and advanced innovative methodologies that improve the limitations of traditional screening using PSA. With the verdict of whether or not to screen not yet unanimous, we hope to aid in resolution of the long-standing debate.
Giftedness and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kontakou Afroditi , Dimitriou Georgia , Panagouli Eleni , Thomaidis Loretta , Psaltopoulou Theodora , Sergentanis Theodoros N. , Tsitsika Artemis 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Throughout the years, several myths have arisen suggesting that children diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders possess unusually high abilities in specific domains, depending on the disorder. On the other hand, special skills and talents in children with neurodevelopmental disorders are most commonly overshadowed by their difficulties and overlooked. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the association between giftedness and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Methods:
The related articles published in PubMed, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, and Embase up to December 31, 2020, as well as their reference lists, were reviewed systematically.

Results:
A total of 6069 studies were scanned, and 32 of them (9904 subjects) were deemed eligible for this systematic review. Studies have supported associations between autism spectrum disorders and music ability. Contradictory results have been published regarding associations between giftedness, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and specific learning disorders. Diagnostic methods seemed to modify associations between giftedness and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Conclusion:
The dearth of the available evidence is prominent. More research is needed to investigate the field of dual exceptionality. Longitudinal studies are needed, addressing methodological challenges pertaining to variability in the definition of giftedness.
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and the Quality of Maternal-Child Interactions in Mothers of Preterm Infants
Authors: Elansary Mei , Zuckerman Barry , Patts Gregory , Antonio Jocelyn , Mayes Linda C. , Silverstein Michael 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to examine associations between maternal trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and directly observed maternal-child interactions among a diverse cohort of mother-preterm infant dyads at 12-month corrected age.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study. Maternal trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress symptoms were measured using the Modified Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale at baseline and 6 and 12 months. The primary outcome was directly observed maternal-child interactions at 12-month corrected age using the Coding Interactive Behavior Manual. We used linear regression models to estimate the associations between trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress symptoms (and symptom clusters), and observer-rated maternal-child interactions.

Results:
Among the 236 participants, 89 (37.7%) self-reported as Black and 98 (41.5%) as Latina; mean gestational age of the infants was 31.6 weeks (SD 2.6). Mothers with posttraumatic stress symptoms demonstrated greater maternal sensitivity (β = 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06–0.58; standardized effect size = 0.39) and greater dyadic reciprocity (β = 0.39; 95% CI, 0.04–0.73; standardized effect size = 0.36) compared with those not exposed to trauma; however, we did not observe significant differences between trauma-exposed but asymptomatic women and those not exposed to trauma. Across symptom clusters, differences in maternal sensitivity and dyadic reciprocity were most pronounced for mothers with avoidance and re-experiencing symptoms, but not hyperarousal symptoms.

Conclusion:
Maternal posttraumatic stress symptoms seem to be associated with the quality of maternal-child interactions at age 1 year among a cohort of urban, mother-preterm infant dyads. These findings have implications for strength-based intervention development.
Consideration of Social Determinants Risks in Substance Use Disorder Assessment and Treatment Plan Formulation
Authors: Mulhern John Paul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Substance use disorders continue to trend as an increasingly pervasive public health problem in the United States. Substance use disorders are recognized as a global health problem by the World Health Organization. It is imperative to explore all opportunities to improve outcomes of substance use disorder treatment. Consideration of social determinant risks in assessment, treatment planning, and treatment implementation is one such opportunity. Social determinant conditions can be conceptualized along a continuum of primary categories. Developing methods to help clinicians understand and incorporate social determinants into assessment and treatment plan formulation processes may help improve outcomes for those who are experiencing one or more substance use disorders. This column includes a proposal for a framework of primary categories of social determinants and offers a definition for each. The categories are identified as basic needs insecurity, past trauma, historical oppression, current/ongoing severe distress and layered/compounded risks. These categories and definitions are developed in the context of practical application for clinical assessment and treatment plan formulation.
The anti-inflammatory effects of a Mediterranean diet: a review
Authors: Itsiopoulos Catherine , Mayr Hannah L. , Thomas Colleen J. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
Chronic noncommunicable diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and the majority are preventable with a healthy diet and lifestyle, but controversy remains as to the best approach. Greater adherence to a traditional Mediterranean diet has consistently been associated with lower morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease, diabetes and many cancers, and lower all-cause mortality. Despite the well known benefits on chronic disease risk there remains some scepticism as to the effects of this dietary pattern across populations outside the Mediterranean and the mechanisms of action of this traditional plant-based dietary pattern.
This narrative review aims to summarize the latest evidence on the health protective effects of a traditional Mediterranean diet on chronic noncommunicable diseases, specifically focussing on the anti-inflammatory effects of this highly published dietary pattern.

Recent findings
Recent high-quality evidence now supports a Mediterranean diet in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease with impacts on atherosclerosis progression, likely through reduction of systemic inflammation and irrespective of changes in cholesterol or weight. The Mediterranean diet has a low Dietary Inflammatory Index illustrating its anti-inflammatory potential. This dietary pattern beneficially modulates the gut microbiota and immune system, including emerging evidence for efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (coronavirus disease 2019). Emerging evidence shows clinicians are not routinely recommending a Mediterranean diet despite well known evidence due to barriers such as lack of training, patient materials and concerns about potential patient adherence.

Summary
The physiological mechanisms of action of this healthy diet pattern are becoming better understood to be multisystem and involving the gut. Larger controlled trials investigating mechanistic effects in broader non-Mediterranean populations are warranted. Although reflected in therapeutic guidelines for chronic disease management worldwide there are individual, clinical practice and health system barriers to its implementation that need a multisectoral approach to address.
Edoxaban: front-line treatment for brachiocephalic vein thrombosis in primitive mediastinal seminoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Fioretti Agnese Maria , Leopizzi Tiziana , Puzzovivo Agata , Giotta Francesco , Lorusso Vito , Luzzi Giovanni , Oliva Stefano 
Published: August 2022

Rationale:
Venous thromboembolism is a feared frequent complication of cancer with a 2-way relationship. Low molecular weight heparin is the mainstay of treatment. The use of direct oral anticoagulants is supported by established evidence for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis also in active cancer and they are prioritized over low molecular weight heparin for cancer-associated thrombosis according to current guidelines. However, upper limb deep vein thrombosis is poorly studied with scant data on the use of direct oral anticoagulants in noncatheter-related deep vein thrombosis. We report the case of a patient with noncatheter-related deep vein thrombosis and a rare tumor site effectively and safely treated with a direct oral anticoagulant, edoxaban, after lack of efficacy with low molecular weight heparin.

Patient concerns:
A 35-year-old man with primitive mediastinal seminoma presented at our Cardio-Oncology Unit for prechemotherapy assessment.

Diagnosis:
Persistent brachiocephalic deep vein thrombosis, despite full-dose enoxaparin, was detected at ultrasonography.

Intervention:
We decided to switch the anticoagulant treatment from enoxaparin to edoxaban.

Outcome:
The 3-month ultrasonography showed almost total regression of the deep vein thrombosis without any adverse effects and a good patient compliance.

Lessons:
We conducted a literature review on upper limb deep vein thrombosis, since its management is challenging due to inconsistency of evidence. This report highlights the benefits of direct oral anticoagulants compared to low molecular weight heparins in cancer-associated thrombosis therapy in terms of efficacy, safety and ease of use.
Pulse wave velocity demonstrates increased aortic stiffness in newly diagnosed, antiretroviral naïve HIV infected adults: A case-control study
Authors: Robbertse Pieter-Paul S. , Doubell Anton F. , Innes Steve , Lombard Carl J. , Herbst Philip G. 
Published: August 2022

Increased aortic stiffness is an important predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). It remains controversial whether HIV infected persons have increased aortic stiffness at the time of HIV diagnosis. An explorative, case-control study was performed using carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) in a newly diagnosed, antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naïve cohort with modest baseline cardiovascular risk.
We recruited 85 newly diagnosed adults without known CVD from health care facilities in South Africa (43 female; mean age 33). Median CD4 count was 285, IQR 156–393 cells/µL. Twenty two HIV uninfected controls were recruited from the same facilities (8 female; mean age 33). PWV was measured using the Vicorder module (Skidmore Medical, United Kingdom) using a corrective factor of 0.8.
The HIV infected group’s mean PWV measured 11% higher than controls (5.88 vs 5.28 m/s; P = .02). Median aortic distensibility in HIV infected persons was 18% lower than controls (0.37 vs 0.45 mm Hg−1; P = .009). Multivariate analysis revealed that the difference in PWV between groups remained significant when corrected for age, sex, mean blood pressure and kidney function (mean difference 0.52 m/s; P = .01). Mean blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, HIV infection per se, age and male sex were important associations with increased PWV.
Our study provides evidence for increased aortic stiffness in ART naïve adults already demonstrable at the time of HIV diagnosis. The cohort’s young age and recent HIV diagnosis makes atherosclerosis a less likely explanation for the difference. Alternative, potentially reversible, explanations that require further research include vasomotor tone abnormalities and endothelial dysfunction.
MAIT cells predict long-term prognosis in liver failure patients
Authors: Cheng Tiao-Chun , Xue Hong , Li Han , Liu Yi-Cun , Tian Li-Jun , Bian Zhao-Lian , Chen Feng-Song 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Liver failure (LF) is a life-threatening clinical syndrome characterized by intense systemic inflammation and organ failure(s), leading to a high mortality rate. The pathogenesis of LF is multifactorial, immune response, and gut bacterial translocation are thought to be major contributing factors. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells play a critical role in immune response and gut bacterial translocation. We aimed to investigate changes of the MAIT cell ratio in patients with LF and to explore the predictive value for long-term prognosis in patients with LF.

Material and Method:
We recruited 75 patients with LF from Nantong Third People’s Hospital, isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and detected the proportion of circulating MAIT cells by flow cytometry. Statistical analyses were performed using the GraphPad Prism software.

Results:
Our data showed that the proportion of MAIT cells alterations was independent of the cause of viral infection in patients with LF. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that LF patients with low level of MAIT cells had poor long-term prognosis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the MAIT cell proportion was larger than that of the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. More importantly, the combination of MAIT cell proportion and MELD score had a better effect in predicting long-term prognosis of LF patients than any single index (AUC = 0.91, 95% CI:0.84–0.97), and multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the circulating MAIT cell proportion was an independent risk factor for LF.

Conclusion:
The proportion of MAIT cells in PBMC is an outstanding predictor for the long-term prognosis in patients with LF.
National patterns of cessation of prescription opioids among Medicare beneficiaries, 2013–2018
Authors: Westra Jordan , Raji Mukaila , Kuo Yong-fang 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
To understand the changes in opioid cessation surrounding the release of CDC guidelines and changes in state Medicaid coverage at the individual patient level.

Methods:
This study used a 20% national sample of Medicare beneficiaries between 2013 and 2018 with at least 90 days of consecutive opioid use in the first year of either of 2 study periods (2013–2015 or 2016–2018). Cessation of opioid use was assessed in year 3 of each period by generalized linear mixed models.

Results:
Opioid cessation rates were higher in period 2 (11.2%) compared to period 1 (10.1%). Adjusted for beneficiary characteristics, those in period 2 had 1.07 times the odds of cessation (95% CI: 1.05–1.09) compared to those in period 1. Additionally, the increase in opioid cessation over time was larger in states with Medicaid expansion compared to those without.

Conclusion:
The increase in opioid cessation after 2016 suggests the potential effects of the CDC guidelines on opioid prescribing and underscores the need for further research on the relationship between opioid cessation and subsequent change in pain control, quality of life, and opioid toxicity.
Novel predictor of pulmonary arterial hypertension: Monocyte to HDL cholesterol ratio
Authors: Bilik Mehmet Zihni , Oylumlu Muhammed , Oylumlu Mustafa , Acun Baris , Arik Baran , Arslan Bayram , Acet Halit , Polat Nihat , Akil Mehmet Ata 
Published: August 2022

Monocyte to HDL cholesterol ratio (MHR), lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR), and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have been proposed as novel systemic inflammatory markers. The aim of this study was to explore the association between MHR, LMR and NLR with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The study is a single-center, retrospective Cross-sectional study. The study group consisted of 73 patients with PAH and the control group 77 participants without cardiac pathology as determined by echocardiography. On admission, blood sampling to calculate MHR, LMR, NLR, and detailed clinical data were obtained. According to the Pearson test, systolic pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) value Higher MHR, NLR and lower LMR that indicates an enhanced inflammation were significantly increased in patients with PAH when compared with controls. Compared to many other inflammatory markers, these markers are widely available.
positively correlated with the MHR and NLR (r:.35, P < .001 and r:.33, P < .001, respectively), but negatively correlated with LMR (r: −.26, P = .001). After multivariate logistic regression analysis, MHR, LMR, and NLR remained as significant predictors of PAH (OR: 2.651, 95% CI: 1.227–5.755, P = .007; OR: 0.647, 95% CI:0.450–0.931, P = .005; OR: 1.350, 95% CI: 1.054–1.650 P = .030, respectively).
Robot-assisted anatrophic nephrolithotomy for complete staghorn stone
Authors: Fang Jen-Kai , Hsiao Po-Jen , Chiu Hung-Chieh , Huang Chi-Ping 
Published: August 2022

To assess the efficacy and safety of robot-assisted anatrophic nephrolithotomy (RANL) as a choice of minimally invasive treatment for patients with complete staghorn stone.
In a single-tertiary referral center retrospective study, 10 consecutive patients underwent RANL for complete staghorn stone. After dissection to the renal hilum and clamping of the renal vessels, an incision was made along the Brodel line and exposed the collecting system to extract the stone. Then, the collecting system and parenchyma were closed in layers. The outcomes included reduction of the stone burden, short- and long-term postoperative kidney function, and pain score.
The average age of patients was 54.6 years and body mass index was 27.58 kg/m2. Mean warm ischemia time was 28.40 minutes, mean robotic console time was 137 minutes, and mean estimated blood loss was 83 mL. The mean length of stay was 5.4 days and there were no severe perioperative complications. Eight of 10 patients had >90% reduction in stone burden and 5 (50%) patients were completely stone-free. There was no significant decrease in postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate compared with preoperative values after 1 month and 1 year.
Our experience with RANL demonstrated efficacy and safety in the minimally invasive treatment of complete staghorn stone in short- and long-term follow-up periods.