bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Six-month contingency management effects on smoking cessation in individuals with substance use disorders
Authors: Aonso-Diego G. , Krotter A. , García-Pérez Á. , Secades-Villa R. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPersons with substance use disorders (SUD) smoke at strikingly high rates and tobacco use cessation rates are notably low in this population. Contingency Management (CM) is effective to promote substance abstinence, including tobacco, in a large range of populations. CM is scarcely implemented in clinical settings mainly due to barriers at the therapist and organizational levels.ObjectivesThe study sought to examine the additive effectiveness of CM on Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) over long-term smoking abstinence in persons undergoing SUD treatment.MethodsA total of 54 smokers (75.9% males, Mage=46.19, SD=9.21) were randomly assigned to CBT (n=30) or to CBT+CM (n=24). Interventions consisted of eight weeks of group-based therapy. Participants were instructed to gradually reduce their nicotine intake by 20% weekly. The CM arm was voucher-based, and the primary outcome was biochemically verified tobacco abstinence (CO≤4ppm, and urine cotinine≤80ng/ml).ResultsA total of 42/54 (77.78%) participants completed the treatment (73.33% in CBT and 83.33% in CBT+CM; p=.380). At the end of treatment, participants in CBT+CM showed higher 24-hour smoking abstinence (50% vs. 20%, p=.032); however, both treatment conditions show equal abstinence rates in the remaining follow-ups (CBT1month= 13.33% vs. CBT+CM1month= 25%; CBT2months= 10% vs. CBT+CM2months= 16.66%; CBT3months= 10% vs. CBT+CM3months= 16.66%; CBT6months= 10% vs. CBT+CM6months= 8.33%; all p-values ≥ .244).ConclusionsCM facilitates early abstinence outcomes in smokers with SUD more than CBT only does. However, no additive effects of CM were observed at long-term, suggesting the convenience to intensify CM schedules or using technology platforms for incentives delivery.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Electronic cigarettes use among teenagers in Tunisia
Authors: Maalej R. , Zgueb Y. , Aissa A. , Ouali U. , Nacef F. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionElectronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are battery-powered devices developed with the goal of mimicking the action of smoking. Their use has increased over the past years.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the use of e-cigarettes among teenagers in high school and to examine the predictor factors.MethodsA survey was conducted with a sample of 234 students in Mohamed Ali high school in Sfax, a town in the south of Tunisia, in February 2020. We estimated e-cigarette prevalence among adolescents and the predictor factors of vaping.ResultsAmong high school students aged 15 to 20, 58,8% have ever used e-cigarette, 38,3% had done so within the previous 30 days and 20,5 % were regular users of vapes. The mean age of e-cigarette users was 16,59 +/- 0,908 years old, 83,3% of e-cigarettes users were males. Male gender, high socio-economic level, practicing leisure activities, smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol were associated with regular use of e-cigarettes. Overall, 51, 6% of never smoking students reported ever use of e-cigarettes. The main reason for initiating e-cigarettes use was curiosity (65%).ConclusionsOur findings showed the significant use of e-cigarettes among high school students thus it would be interesting to provide adolescents with information about the use of e-cigarettes and other tobacco products.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
In-treatment behaviors in a multicomponent intervention to promote smoking cessation and prevent weight gain among smokers with obesity: A pilot study
Authors: Aonso-Diego G. , Krotter A. , García-Pérez Á. , De Robles L. , Weidberg S. , Secades-Villa R. , García-Fernández G. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSmoking rates are quite high among overweight and obese individuals. Many smokers with excess weight are at increased risk for health complications and report that concern about post-cessation weight gain is a barrier to quitting. It is necessary to perform studies to assess the efficacy of interventions for smoking cessation among individuals with excess weight.ObjectivesTo describe in-treatment behaviors, in terms of smoking and weight, in an integrated intervention for smoking cessation and weight gain management.MethodsA total of 16 smokers (37.5% females, Mage=52.31, SD=9.58) were randomly assigned to one of the two following 8-week smoking cessation conditions: 1) Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment (CBT) for gradual smoking cessation + a Weight Gain Prevention (WGP) module for weight stability (n=7); 2) the same treatment alongside Contingency Management (CM) for smoking abstinence (n=9). Smoking behavior (cigarettes per day, carbon monoxide (CO) in expired air and urine cotinine) and weight were tracked at every visit from baseline through the end of treatment.ResultsCigarettes per day significantly decreased in both conditions (p≤.028), as well as CO (p≤.018) and cotinine (p≤.043). Regarding body weight gain, participants maintained their body weight (Kg) from baseline to the end of treatment (CBT+WGP: Δkg= .671, CBT+WGP+CM: Δkg= .667, p≥.058) and their BMI (CBT+WGP: 30.56 vs. 30.85, CBT+WGP+CM: 29.74 vs. 29.85, p≥.139).ConclusionsPreliminary data indicated that a multicomponent intervention to promote gradual smoking cessation and prevent weight gain facilitates in-treatment tobacco reduction and weight stability. CM procedures improved in-treatment smoking behaviors.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Gaming addiction among Tunisian adolescent
Authors: Omri S. , Daoud M. , Smaoui N. , Feki R. , Charfi N. , Thabet J. Ben , Zouari L. , Bouali M. Maalej , Maalej M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionGaming is a source of addiction for adolescents. It is recognized as a behavioral and mental health condition, both by the American Psychiatric Association and by the World Health Organization.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of gaming addiction among secondary school students.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted between September and October of 2020 among students enrolled in secondary school. The participants had filled the Game addiction scale and a data file regarding the socio-demographic information, physical and information about the internet access and use.ResultsThe initial sample was composed of 180 secondary school students. Among them 28 were excluded because they did not play video games. Final sample consisted of 152 students (90 males, 62 females) with a mean age of 13.14 ± 1.2 years. The average duration of connection among participants was 5.3 hours per day. Nearly one quarter of the participants (24,3%) played videogames more than 20 h per week. The prevalence of gaming addiction was 21,7%. The participants with gaming addiction were, on average, younger than those who were not addicted to gaming Game-addicted individuals were more likely to be male than female (13,8% vs 7,9%; p=0,036). There was, also, a significant relation between IA and having academic difficulties (p=0.042).ConclusionsBased on our study findings, that gaming addiction is a challenging problem among Tunisian adolescents. We recommend authorities consider gaming addiction a serious problem for the young population and make this growing phenomenon an adolescent health priority.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Food addiction in a large non-clinical sample of Canadians
Authors: Samokhvalov A. , Murphy C. , Balodis I. , Mackillop J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe concept of food addiction emerged recently due to the similarities between food overconsumption patterns and addictive drugs. This concept is not yet included into ICD or DSM as it still needs to be further investigated. Relationship between obesity and food consumption as well as the psychological indicators of food addiction are of particular interest.ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence of food addiction and its relationship to obesity, quality of life and multiple indicators of impulsivity.MethodsCross-sectional in-person assessment of 1432 community adults (age 38.93+/-13.7; 58% female). Measurements: Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, anthropometrics, body composition, World Health Organization Quality of Life scale, and impulsivity measures including impulsive personality traits, delay discounting, and behavioral inhibition.ResultsThe prevalence of food addiction was 9.3% and substantially below that of obesity (32.7%). Food addiction was more prevalent among obese individuals and also was associated with higher BMI among non-obese participants. It was associated with significantly lower quality of life in all domains, and significantly higher impulsive personality traits, particularly negative and positive urgency.ConclusionsIn this general community sample, food addiction was present in slightly fewer than 1 in 10 individuals, approximately one-third the prevalence of obesity, but notably the food addiction has been mostly represented within the subsample of obese individuals. Food addiction was robustly associated with substantively lower quality of life and elevations in impulsivity, particularly in deficits in emotional regulation. These data suggest food addiction may be thought of as a subtype of obesity and, in non-obese individuals, possibly a prodrome.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Substance use disorders in adolescence - a review
Authors: Coelho J. Mendes , Peixoto C. , Bicho M. , Fontes H. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSubstance use disorders in adolescents are a growing problem worldwide. These disorders are often unrecognised, unvalued by families, society and clinicians and as a result underdiagnosed, with serious future consequences if improperly addressed.ObjectivesUpdated review of the recent literature on this topic.MethodsUnsystematic review of the most recent and relevant literature.ResultsReview of neurobiology, risk factors, co-morbidity, differential diagnosis, diagnostic criteria, evaluation and treatment of substance use disorders in adolescence.ConclusionsSubstance use disorder in adolescence includes a variety of behaviours related to the use of alcohol and/or drugs, for instance, inability to control substance use, impairment of function at school, home or work, interpersonal problems and hazardous use of substance. Further knowledge in identifying, early diagnosing and adequate intervention in adolescents’ substance use disorder may have paramount prognostic features.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Eeg coherence in depressive female adolescents with different types of auto-aggressive behavior
Authors: Iznak A. , Iznak E. , Damyanovich E. , Oleichik I. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIntracortical interactions reflected in EEG coherence (Coh) play an important role in the control of behavior in both norm and mental disorders. EEG Coh in depression is less than in the norm. Non-suicidal self-injuries (NSSI) are widespread in adolescents and represent a significant risk factor for consequent suicidal attempts (SA).ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to identify the differences in EEG coherence between depressive female adolescents who have NSSI or NSSI and SA in their history compared with healthy controls.Methods75 depressive female adolescents (16–25 years old) were enrolled in the study and divided into two subgroups: NSSI (n=38) and NSSI+SA (n=37). The control group included 20 healthy subjects (HC) matched by age and gender. Baseline EEG was recorded, and EEG coherence was analyzed in 8 narrow frequency sub-bands.ResultsIn the NSSI subgroup, the number of “high coherent connections” (pairs of EEG leads with Coh>0.80) was the lowest in comparison with the NSSI+SA subgroup (intermediate values) and HC (the highest values) in theta-1 (4-6 Hz), theta-2 (6-8 Hz), alpha-1 (8-9 Hz) and alpha-2 (9-11 Hz) EEG frequency sub-bands, especially in frontal-central-parietal regions.ConclusionsThe lowest EEG coherence in the NSSI subgroup suggests that this subgroup is “more depressive” than the NSSI+SA subgroup, while the NSSI+SA subgroup is “more normal” but has increased suicidal risk. The results obtained suggested the use of EEG Coh data to clarify the degree of suicidal risk in depressive adolescents with different types of auto-aggressive behavior. The study supported by RBRF grant No.20-013-00129а.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Neurophysiological features associated with suicidal risk in dementias
Authors: Mudrenko I. , Yurchenko A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe bioelectrical activity of the brain of suicidals has specific features.ObjectivesInvestigate neurophysiological features associated with high suicidal risk (SR) in dementias.MethodsAn electroencephalographic study of brain was performed in 66 patients with dementia, of which 33 (with high SR) were included in the main group, the other 33 (with low SR) – in the control group.ResultsSR correlates include an increase in the spectral density and amplitude (in μV) of the α-rhythm in the right central (C4) (109.4) – in the main group, compared with (64.5) – in the control; in the temporal areas (T4) (132.2) - in the main group, (70.0) – in the control group (p<0.001). The predominance of the spectral density of the slow θ-rhythm over the entire surface of the brain (p<0.001) and δ-rhythm in the projection of Fp2 (82.3) – in the main and (116.1) – in the control groups (p<0.001), F3 (54.80) and (68.1), respectively, (p<0.05), F4 (52.4) and (67.3), respectively, (p<0.01), C4 (52.0) and (62.0), respectively (p<0.05), P3 (44.4) and (58.9), respectively, (p<0.01), O1 (67.6) and (89.41), (p<0.001), O2 (68.5) and (85.8), respectively (p<0.001) are a predictor of low SR in dementias.ConclusionsWith the progression of changes in the brain in dementias SR decreases. In the initial phases of the dementing process with a relatively preserved functional capacity of the brain SR is high.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Epidemiological profile of the suicidal in the third poorest state of Brazil
Authors: De Souza Maia G. Lessa , Gomes Do Nascimento M. Melo 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAlagoas is one of the poorest states of Brazil and its HDI is the country’s worst.ObjectivesPresent the epidemiological profile of suicides that occurred in the State of Alagoas from 2008 to 2018.MethodsThis research is epidemiological, descriptive and transversal. In this sense, data from the Universal Health System Informatics Department (DATASUS) were used to analyze the age range, marital status, race, sex, education and cause of death of the suicide victims.Results1245 people committed suicide in Alagoas in the period of 10 years, they were 951 men (76%) and 294 women (24%). The main cause of death was self-harm caused by hanging, strangulation and suffocation (ICD X-70), occurring in approximately 67% of cases (836 people), followed by self-poisoning by drugs and medication (ICD X-64) 140 people, and pesticides (CID X-68) 92 people. The auto injuries caused by firearms (ICD X-72 to X-74) totalled 45 victims, while the self-inflicted injuries intentionally caused by precipitation from a high place (ICD X-80) totalled 38 victims. Most of those who took their lives were single (57%), brown (88%), had between 15 and 39 years old (55%) and did not have their education level informed (75%).ConclusionsThus, the present study demonstrated that there is a compromise of important statistical data on education level and there is the inexistence of data on family income and sexual orientation, which may help to understand the phenomenon of suicide in Alagoas. Despite all this, it was possible to identify a group of risk for suicide in the State: brown, single and young men.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The suicidal survivor: Considerations for treatment in psychodynamic psychotherapy
Authors: De Souza A. Maia Andrade , De Souza Maia G. Lessa , Machado L. Helena Freitas 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSuicide is a phenomenon that is increasing in prevalence. Exposure to suicide by a loved one can be experienced as a traumatic event, capable of precipitating or aggravating preexisting psychiatric conditions. As much as we are clinically aware of gravity situation experienced by suicide survivors, there is a marked lack of studies on psychotherapeutic interventions in this population group.ObjectivesThe present work aims to review the literature on the psychodynamic treatment of suicide survivors, considering their theoretical and technical aspects.MethodsNarrative review of psychiatric and psychoanalytic literature.ResultsThe initial reaction described on becoming aware of the suicide of someone close to you is of disbelief, shock and helplessness. This is followed by ambivalent feelings of hate and guilt, shame and hopelessness. Sometimes, a chronic depressive state expressed by the survivor’s guilt can emerge. The mourning work will initially encounter resistance to face the loss of the object, through mechanisms such as denial, repression and psychotic fantasies. The lost suicide has a traumatic impact, modifying relational patterns and it is commonly associated with important isolation. The survivor will be able to transfer via fear the death of the therapist and even fantasize that he will also kill himself.ConclusionsPsychodynamic psychotherapy with suicide survivors finds theoretical and practical foundations in the literature, mainly through discussions of reports clinical and theoretical reviews on the topic. Through transfer and therapeutic alliance, new patterns of object relation can be sketched, in a context of mourning so often complicated by shutdown pressures and loneliness.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The psychopathology of the elderly with multimorbidity. Is an integrated training model feasible?
Authors: Riolo A. , Albert U. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe aging of the population implies a greater risk of psychopathological events; at the same time multimorbidity constitutes the rule rather than the exception in the manifestations of the health problems of the elderly. Multimorbidity involves many diagnostic-therapeutic interventions, from general practitioners to neurology, geriatrics, psychiatry but these interventions do not appear integrated with each other.ObjectivesEvaluate the availability of psychogeriatrics training programs to increase the interest and skills of the medical profession on the multimorbidity of the elderly.MethodsWe have conducted a review of the scientific literature on integrated training programs in the field of psychogeriatrics over the past decade on pubmed, comparing the different training models proposed.ResultsA still limited amount of articles on integrated psychogeriatric training have been published although the demand for psychogeriatric care continues to increse. The frail elderly seems to have a connotation in terms of costs rather in terms of care; moreover, everything concerning the elderly is reduced to the organic dimension alone, neglecting psychopathology.ConclusionsThe feasibility of integrated training programs between primary care and specialists such as neurologists, geriatricians, psychiatrists is a priority in the field of psychogeriatrics in consideration of the relevant multimorbidity. It is appropriate both to update knowledge and to review the organizational models of care so that the frailty of the elderly with multimorbidity does not quickly translate into disabilities with high social welfare needs. It is also necessary for generalist psychiatry to return to the value of psychopathology of the elderly.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Risk profiles for mental disorders
Authors: Gülöksüz S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract BodyPrognostication is at the bedrock of clinical practice. In essence, diagnosis aims to inform clinicians for decision-making processes by providing a picture of future events such as course, outcome, and treatment response. To make a better clinical prediction on a case-by-case basis, diagnosis is enriched by individual characteristics and (bio)markers, with the aims of stratifying patients first and ultimately reaching the mountaintop: personalized medicine. However, there are two major obstacles on the road to personalized psychiatry. First, the current psychiatric diagnostic classification system is inadequate for tailoring individualized management plan, let alone for guiding the clinician for diagnosis-specific treatment selection—such that response to the same treatment plan largely varies among patients with the same psychiatric diagnosis, whereas patients with different psychiatric diagnoses benefit similarly from the same treatment protocol. Second, except for a few tests for ruling out other medical conditions, there exists no diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive (bio)marker in psychiatry. Risk profiling is even a more challenging and ambitious goal as early psychopathology is multidimensional, fluid, and pluripotent with heterotypic outcomes that cut across traditional diagnostic boundaries. By acknowledging this complexity and the shortcomings of current taxonomy, the field has recently shifted from risk profiling frameworks that rely on discrete diagnostic categories in isolation for prognostication (i.e. clinical high-risk for psychosis) to transdiagnostic clinical staging models. In this session, I will attempt to discuss where we are at with risk profiling in psychiatry and what steps need to be taken to achieve this ambitious goal.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
“It is natural so it must be safe!”: Cannabis use during pregnancy, an update
Authors: Ramos S. Freitas , E Sousa D. Cruz , Jesus B. , Correia J. Martins , Vaz Soares M.I. Fonseca Marinho , Mendes J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionRates of cannabis use among pregnant women have been increasing. Psychiatrists may be required to provide counselling regarding marijuana use in pregnancy for their patients.ObjectivesTo produce an up-to-date review of cannabis effects on pregnancy and the offspring.MethodsWe performed a non-systematic review of the literature apropos a clinical case.ResultsA 31-years-old, 22-weeks pregnant woman presented with severe anxiety, panic attacks and insomnia which she managed solely with cannabis. She had been previously treated with antidepressants and benzodiazepines with symptom remission but had suspended before her pregnancy without medical advice. She believed medication was more harmful to the baby than her cannabis use. There is little perception of risk concerning cannabis use in pregnant woman. Information on cannabis use is less likely to be obtained from healthcare providers than from anecdotal experiences, Internet searching and advice from friends and family. Prenatal use of cannabis has been associated with anaemia in the mother, whereas in the offspring it is associated with reduction in birth weight and greater likelihood of placement in intensive care units. There is insufficient evidence to support an association between marijuana use and any specific congenital abnormality, but also to demonstrate its safety.ConclusionsIt is essential for psychiatrists to have up-to-date knowledge of the effects of cannabis on the pregnancy and the offspring to properly counsel their patients. However, the effects of cannabis on maternal and foetal outcomes remain generally unknown. With rising numbers of female users, there is urgent need for further research.DisclosureNo significant relationships.