bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alfalfa Weevil Control, Missouri, 1985
Authors: Bailey W. C. , Kirfman G. W. , Blinn R. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted on 29 Apr near Mount Vernon, MO on a 3-year old stand of alfalfa. Plots were 20 by 40 ft, and arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The alfalfa was 12 to 14 inches tall at treatment with a temperature of 70° and 3 to 5 mph winds. Sprays were applied with a 20-ft spray boom, 8002 flat fan nozzles, and 50 mesh screens. Sprays were applied at 16.5 gal/acre and 20 lb/square inch. Measurable precipitation fell on 12 of the 21 days following treatment. Evaluations were conducted at 60 h, 7, 15, and 21 days posttreatment by taking 10 (180 degree) sweeps with a 15-inch sweep net.
Control of Alfalfa Insects in Iowa (Middle Season), 1986
Authors: Hutchins Scott H. , Pedigo L.P. , Klubertanz T.H. , Peterson R.K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental plots measuring 10 X 12 m were established in a 3-year-old stand near the city limits of Ames, IO. Eight treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete-block design. Insecticide treatments were applied on 2 Jul ‘86 with a Suzuki LT-125 4-wheel all-terrain cycle equipped with a 6.1-m boom. The C02-charged boom was ca. 61 cm from the foliage and fitted with twelve brass 8003 flat-fan nozzles. Ground speed was 6.28 km/h, delivering 112.2 liters of final solution per hectare. Plants were in stage 2 (late vegetative) and ca. 36 cm tall. Weather conditions at application time were sunny, winds 0-3 km/h, temperature 21-24 degrees C, and ca. 60% RH. A standard 38-cm sweep net was used to take 10 pendulum sweeps in each plot just before treatment and 1, 5, and 10 days posttreatment. No phytotoxicity was observed in any plot.
Flea Beetle Control in Canola, 1985
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Nygaard Curtis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were located near Humboldt, MN in Kittson County. Plots were 25 ft × 50 ft, replicated 3 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Granular insecticide was applied to each plot shortly after planting and incorporated lightly. Soils were clayey. Foliar applications were made when plants were in the cotyledon to 2 leaf stage. Applications were broadcast with a hand held CO2 sprayer asing 40 psi and approximately 20 gal of total material per acre. Damage ratings were taken two weeks after the foliar applications and were based on a scale at 1-10 with 10 being the least damage.
Efficacy of Long-Residual Miticides for Season-Long Spider Mite Control in Corn, 1986:
Authors: Buschman L. L. , Chowdhury M. A. , Sloderbeck P. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two experiments (east and west fields) were conducted in corn in Finney County, KS. The east field was under center pivot irrigation and the west field was furrow-irrigated. In each test, treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The plots were 4 rows wide (10 ft), 50 ft long, and surrounded by 10 ft borders of untreated corn. Chemical treatments were applied with a high clearance boom sprayer with 3 nozzles directed at each row (1 nozzle directly over the row and one on each side of the row on 18 inch drop hoses). The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 20 gpa with 30 psi of CO2 pressure. Non-emulsifiable, petroleum-based, crop oil was used as indicated at the rate of 2 pints/acre. Designated plots received single treatment applications during one of 3 growth stages: midwhorl (8th or 9th leaf-collars visible), late whorl (14th leaf-collars visible), or silking. Prior to the midwhorl applications, 4 plants were flagged in the center 2 rows of each plot. Mite populations on these plants were augmented by attaching mite infested leaves. In the east field, the plants were augmented with BGM from natural infestations in field corn. In the west field, the plants were augmented with TSM from a greenhouse colony. Mite counts were made by searching leaves of flagged plants for large mites (primarily adult females). On the first 2 sample dates, mites were counted on whole plants; on the third and fourth sample dates, mites were counted only on every other leaf (half plants). Mite counts were converted to mites per plant for statistical analysis. Season totals were computed by summing count data across sampling dates for each treatment. Accumulated mite-days were calculated by mufliplying the number of mites on sample dates 1 through 4 by the respective intervals (days) between innoculation and first treatment, between first treatment and second treatment, between second treatment and third treatment, or between the third treatment and 20 Aug when the populations had reached low levels. At the end of the season, mites were collected from the flagged plants with a small vacuum sampler and a subsample of about 20 mites for each plot in one replication was mounted for microscopic determination of mite species.
First Generation European Corn Borer Control, 1986
Authors: Foster David E. , Wintersteen Wendy K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Naturally infested late whorl stage, yellow field corn, located near Mt. Ayr, Ringgold Co., IA was aerially treated on 19 Jun. Seven insecticides and 1 untreated check were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. Plots measured 30 rows by approximately 400 yd. Weather conditions were clear with a temperature of 88°F, relative humidity of 53%, and a light, intermittent breeze from the west, southwest. All applications were made between 1:45 and 4:00 p.m. by flying both north and south on north-south rows. Pretreatment counts made on 14 Jun consisted of examining 20 plants from each of 20 randomly selected locations throughout the study site. The number of plants with shot-hole damage were recorded. Four plants from each location were dissected and the number of European corn borer (ECB) larvae recorded. Insecticide efficacy was evaluated on 22 Jul by removing 30 selected plants from each plot, dissecting them and recording the number of ECB cavities per plant. Plants used in the efficacy evaluation were selected from the ninth row in from the east side of each plot. Individual plants were selected by walking into the field 30 paces from the turn rows, then cutting every tenth plant. Efficacy data were analyzed using an AOV. The means were ranked and separated (P = 0.05) using Duncan's Multiple Range Test. All data were normalized before analysis with a SQRT (X = 1.0) transformation.
Efficacy of Miticides Against Banks Grass Mite and Twospotted Mite on Corn in West Central Nebraska, 1985
Authors: Johnson Gregory D. , Campbell John B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Banks grass mite (BGM) plots were 2 50-ft swaths ca. 2500 ft in length on a field of corn (Lynks 4355) under center pivot irrigation. Treatments were applied pretassel on 18 Jul. Liquid treatments were applied by a Cessna 188 Husky with a 50-ft wingspan. The 40-ft spray boom was equipped with D-1245 nozzles calibrated to deliver 2 gal water per acre at 28 psi at 120 mph. Granular treatments were applied with a Translander granule spreader with a Translander Finger metering system. Flying speed was 110 mph. Twospotted spider mite (TSM) plots were each ca. 7 acres on a furrow-irrigated corn field (NC + 6190 and Dekalb 699). Treatments were applied posttassel on 4 and 5 Aug. Liquid treatments were applied by a Pawnee PA-25 with a 36-ft wingspan. The 28-ft spray boom had D-8 nozzles calibrated to deliver 2 gal water per acre at 30 psi at 105 mph. Granular treatments were applied with a Piper factory equipped granule spreader with a Duke electric drive metering system. Spider mite infestations were rated 1 to 6 on a per leaf basis. A rating of 1 = 0 mites, 2 = a few mites, 3 = a few colonies, … 6 = leaf densely covered with mites. Apparent % control was determined by the formula given in the table.
First Generation European Corn Borer Control in Field Corn, 1986
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Beahm Mary M. , Moss Teresa P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ten insecticidal treatments were examined to determine their efficacy primarily on first generation (second generation also evaluated) European corn borers (ECB) in conventionally planted field corn grown on the Bobby Yeatman Farm in Richmond County, VA. 'Southern States 3389' corn was planted on a 36-inch row spacing on 19 Apr '86. Materials were applied either as foliar sprays or granular applications on 6 Jun '86. Foliar spray concentrates were applied with a CO2-powered compressed air sprayer, using AL8002 nozzles, at 32.8 psi that delivered 32.6 gal of finished formulation per acre. Granular insecticides were applied directly in the whorl by using a Spredrite gravity flow granular applicator. Plots were 4 rows by 30 feet with 2-row borders and were arranged in a complete randomized block experimental design with 3 replications. Individual plots were evaluated 7-, 13-, and 20-days after treatment, and then periodially throughout the remainder of the growing season. All plants in 30 row-feet were inspected for the presence of ECB feeding damage plus 5 random plants per plot were split and observed for the presence of live ECB larvae. Yield estimates were obtained by harvesting 30 ft of one of the center rows.
Field Corn, Wireworm Larval Control, 1985
Authors: Spike B. P. , Oleson J. D. , Gray M. E. , Tollefson J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental design for these trials was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Insecticide treatments were applied to single, 50-ft rows with 30-inch centers. Corn was planted at Dows, IA (2 May) in a field that had a history of seed damage caused by wireworms. Corn was replanted at Murray, Iowa (10 May) in a no-till corn field (1984), previously in alfalfa (1981-83). Granular insecticides were placed in the furrow or in a 7 inch band ahead of, or behind, the closing wheels. Six seed treatments were also examined; one was a combination seed treatment plus granular insecticide treatment. Laboratory-calibrated Noble� metering units, mounted on a two-row John Deere model 7100 planter, were used to apply the compounds. Treatments were evaluated at Dows (23 May), and Murray (13 Jun), by digging two 1-m ca 13 cm trenches in each treatment row to a depth slightly below seed placement. Seeds were then inspected and rated on the following 1 to 4 damage scale: (1) seed undamaged; (2) seed damaged, but plant established; (3) seed damaged and plant showing some signs of stress; (4) seed damaged, no plant or questionable establishment. Percentage damaged seeds was also used to compare treatments. Stand counts were taken at both locations. Analysis of seed damage ratings, percentage damaged seed and stand counts was done by using a Duncan's New Multiple Range Test.
Control of Aphids on Cotton with Cythion Rtu and Cythion Rtu Plus Cygon 400, 1986
Authors: Kitten W. F. , Andrews G. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A small plot field study was conducted at the Delta Branch Experiment Station at Stoneville, MS. The plots were planted on 29 Apr. The 6 row plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 3 treatments. The foliar applications were made with a John Deere 6000 HI-CYCLE sprayer on 23 Jul delivering 6.0 gpa total volume. All plots were oversprayed on 7, 16, and 23 Jul with Pydrin 2.4E (0.1 lb (AI)/acre) and on 16 Jul with Comite 6.75 EC (0.8 lb (AI)/ acre) to prevent damage due to Heliothis spp. and spider mites. Infestations were determined by counting the total number of aphids per leaf on 10 leaves per plot. For consistancy in sampling the leaf counted was the first fully expanded leaf in the terminal of the plant. A Square root plus 1 transformation was performed on the data and analysis was done using transformed data.
Effect of Selected Insecticides on Bollworms and Bollweevils, 1986
Authors: Ratchford Kevin , Burns Gene 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Stoneville 112 cotton was planted 6 May at the Macon Ridge Branch of the Northeast Research Station. Treatments were applied to plots that were 6 rows (40 inches wide) × 65 ft. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a high clearance sprayer equipped with a compressed air system for spraying small plots, delivering 2.5 gal/acre with 2 X-3 hollow cone nozzles/row. Applications were made on 15, 20, 27 Aug. Insecticides were evaluated on 19, 25, 29 Aug by sampling 25 squares on the center 2 rows of each plot. The test was furrow irrigated during droughty periods. The center 2 rows of each plot were mechanically harvested on 29 Sep and 17 Oct. Yields were converted to lb seed cotton/acre.
Insecticides for Suppression of Carmine Spider Mite on Cotton, 1986
Authors: Robinson John R. C. , Teetes George L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Stoneville 825' cotton was planted 13 May on rows spaced 40 inches apart. All cotton was treated on 4 and 16 Jul with a mixture of .04 lb (AI)/acre cypermethrin and 0.25 lb (AI)/acre Lorsban to engender mite infestation and also to control boll weevil and cotton aphid. The study area received 1.9 inches of rain 3 Aug, 4.13 inches 10-11 Aug (2 days after application of experimental treatments), and 1.25 inches 23-24 Aug. Mite densities in an untreated check plot and 8 insecticide treated plots were compared in a randomized block design with 4 replications. Plots were 6 rows wide and 80 ft long; the middle 2 rows were sprayed. Chemical applications were made with a high-clearance, self-propelled sprayer equipped with three TX-3 hollow cone nozzles/row (using drop nozzles) and calibrated to deliver 5.9 gpa at 42 psi and 3 mph. Acaricide treatments were applied on 8 Aug when average mite density was 8.2 mites/leaf and when chlorotic symptoms were visible on infested leaves. Mite density was sampled prior to application of acaricide treatments and at 4, 10, and 17 days post-treatment. Sampling was accomplished by visually inspecting five pre-selected cotton leaves per plot with a hand lens and counting live (mobile) mites. The sample leaves were located in the lower % of the canopy (mainstem nodes 5-9), and were tagged with plastic surveyor's tape. Mite count data were analyzed by conventional analysis of variance and multiple comparison procedures. Yield data were not collected for this study.
Corn Earworm Control on Peanuts, North Carolina, 1986
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Hertl P. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Peanuts were grown under standard production practices in sandy soil at a location in Gates Co. Plots 4 rows wide (36 inch centers) by 20 ft long were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates per treatment. Insecticides were applied using a C02 backpack sprayer delivering 35 gal/acre at 40 psi with 8002 flat fan nozzles. Treatments were applied on 26 Aug under sunny conditions and temperatures around 85�F. Ten consecutive row ft of each plot was sampled just before and 24 h after treatment using a standard beat cloth technique. Pretreatment counts determined the caterpillar populations to be 90% corn earworms and the rest fall armyworms and yellowstriped armyworms. Most caterpillars were fourth or fifth instar. Foliage was dry during both treatment and sampling.
Lesser Cornstalk Borer Control in Peanuts in North Florida, 1986
Authors: Gilreath M. E. , Funderburk J. E. , Gorbet D. W. , Herzog D. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Peanuts were planted in an RCB design with six replicates in Jackson Co. on 30 May, in a site that had been in pasture for the past 15 years. Plot size was 4 rows by 32 ft with 36 inch row spacing. The soil type was Tifton loamy sand with a moderate amount of organic matter. Nematode populations were low according to preplant soil assays, and spiral nematodes were the most prevalent. Conventional practices were followed for fertilization, weed control, and disease control. Telone applications were made in furrow at a depth of 8-10 inches with a tractor mounted gravity flow soil fumigator equipped with a single chisel per row. Soil moisture was adequate on the day of application. Granular insecticides were lightly incorporated at planting in a 10-12 inch band over the row. All other granular insecticides were applied in a 10-12 inch band with a hand pushed Gandy. Spray applications were made in 25 gal/A with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with 3 nozzles/row at 36 psi. Dipel 2X was applied in water alone, and Beauveria bassiana (Abbott Laboratories, RS-252, 1 × 1010 conidia/g) was applied in a 0.01% Tween 20 solution. Lesser cornstalk borer (LCB) populations were monitored with 2.5-ft adult emergence traps placed over the peanut foliage in the two outer rows of each plot. Traps were moved to new locations approximately every four weeks. The two center rows of each plot were harvested for yields on 17 Oct (2 rows × 35 ft × 6 reps). Traps were removed from the field 16 Oct, to prevent interference with harvest, and were not reset for two weeks due to inclement weather. Monthly rainfall for the period was 3.22, 4.80, 3.96, 4.85, and 2.55 inches for Jun-Oct, respectively. Fairly dry intervals occurred between the Jun and early Jul rainfall events, but precipitation was more frequent in late Jul and Aug. Sep, Oct, and Nov had intermittent periods of wet and dry weather.
Granular Insecticides for Control of Lesser Cornstalk Borer in North Florida Peanuts, 1986
Authors: Gilreath M. E. , Funderburk J. E. , Herzog D. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were arranged in an RCB design with six replicates in a Gadsden Co. field that had been planted 16 May. Plot size was 4 rows by 25 ft with 36 inch row spacing and 5 ft alleys between plots. Soil type was a Tifton loamy sand. Conventional production practices for weed and disease control were followed. All insecticide applications were made 24 Jul with a manually powered Gandy. Air temperature was 98�F, relative humidity was 90-95%, and the soil was slightly moist. There was frequent rain during the latter half of July and all of Aug, while Sep and Oct were fairly dry with only occasional rain. Peanuts were harvested from six whole plot (4 row × 25 ft) samples on 8 Oct.
Rangeland Grasshopper Control, 1986
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two small field studies were established on rangeland near Wendell, Idaho. Insecticides were applied to 24 ft × 24 ft plots. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Applications were made with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer using four 8004 nozzles on a 5 ft boom and 50 gal finished spray per acre. Bait applications were applied with a hand-held lawn fertilizer spreader. Grasshopper nymphs were 30, 40, and 30% for 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instars, respectively, on 29 May, when the insecticides were applied for the first study. Life stages were 10, 40, and 50% for 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instars, respectively, on 12 Jun, when the treatments were applied for the second study. Grasshoppers were counted in a 3 ft × 20 ft strip (6.7 yd2) in each plot on each counting date.
Sugarcane Borer Control (SCB), Small Plot Insecticide Screening Test, 1986
Authors: Fuller B. W. , Bessin R. T. , Showier A. T. , Reagan T. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field of sweet sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench., located on the St. Gabriel Experiment Station, near Baton Rouge, LA, was divided into plots each containing 3 rows spaced 3 ft apart × 45 ft. (0.01 acre). Insecticide treatments for season-long control of SCB were assigned to plots according to a randomized complete block design of 4 replications. Each spray concentration was applied to the sorghum plant canopy in water with ca. 31 gal/acre of finished formulation at 20 psi with a knapsack sprayer. Insecticide applications were begun after internodes were visible above ground and when at least 5% of the stalks contained small SCB larvae in leaf sheaths of Azodrin treated plots. Two applications were made (25 Aug and 15 Sep). No soil applied insecticides were used. At harvest (7 Oct) two 15 stalk bundles were randomly taken from the center row of each plot. The stalks were examined for SCB entrance and exit holes. Insecticide efficacy was determined by comparing the % internodes bored in treated plots with those taken from the untreated checks.
Control of Two Spotted Mite in Soybeans, 1985
Authors: Graustein Mark R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Forrest variety soybeans were planted into a conventional tillage field on the grounds of the University of Delaware experiment station near Georgetown, DE on 27 Jun. Plots consisted of a single row, 25 ft long on 30 inch centers bordered on both sides by guard rows. Six insecticide treatments replicated 5 times each were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Pre- and post-treatment mite populations were assessed by randomly picking 5 leaves from each plot and processing these through a Leedom engineering� mite brushing machine. Mite counts were then made using a binocular dissecting microscope set at 6x. All treatments were applied 23 Jul with a CO2 propelled backpack sprayer using two R and D Sprayer Inc. HC 12 hollow cone nozzles delivering a total of 37 gal per acre at 40 psi.
Control of Lesser Cornstalk Borer in Soybean, 1986
Authors: Herbert D. A. , Mack T. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Centennial soybean was planted into wheat stubble using an in-row minimum tillage subsoiler on 9 Jun at the Wiregrass Agricultural Experiment Station, Headland, AL. Plots were 12 rows (36-inch row spacing) by 50 ft arranged in a completely randomized design with 8 replicates. Methyl parathion at 2 lb (AI)/acre was applied to one-half of the plots on 8 Jul with a high clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 30 gpa at 60 psi through 2 TX6 hollow cone nozzles per row. Lesser cornstalk borer (LCB) damage was assessed prior to treatment by counting the number of LCB damaged plants of 20 samples/plot. Two plants were randomly uprooted from each row of the 10 central rows/plot. Plants with visible stem borings or silken tubes were recorded as damaged. Larval densities were determined by counting the number associated with the stems, roots, and associated soil of 20 uprooted plants/plot. LCB larval densities were assessed at 6 and 10 days posttreatment. Lorsban granules at 2.0 lb (AI)/acre were applied broadcast to one-half of the plots on 5 Aug using a cyclone granular applicator. LCB larval densities were assessed pretreatment (5 Aug), and at 3 and 13 days posttreatment.