bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diverse reactivity of the gem-difluorovinyl iodonium salt for direct incorporation of the difluoroethylene group into N- and O-nucleophiles
Authors: Ge Chenxin , Wang Bin , Jiang Yunchen , Chen Chao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of gem-difluoroethylene compounds remains a difficult task in organic synthesis. Here, the direct difluoroethylation reactions of N- and O-nucleophiles including amides and acids were realized with a hypervalent iodine reagent: gem-difluorovinyl iodonium salt (DFVI). The reactions were accomplished via a neighbouring group rearrangement. The gem-difluorovinyl iodonium salt was found to display diverse reactivity due to its unique electronic effect and was applied to the incorporation of difluoroethylene group, including difluorovinylation of carboxylic acids, difluorovinylation and 1,3-cyclic fluorovinylation of amides and 1,1-cyclic difluoroethylation of amines.
Electrochemical synthesis of heterodehydro[7]helicenes
Authors: Khalid Md. Imrul , Salem Mohamed S. H. , Sako Makoto , Kondo Masaru , Sasai Hiroaki , Takizawa Shinobu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDehydrohelicenes are some of the most attractive chiroptical materials with unique helical chirality. However, to our knowledge, there are no prior reports on their direct construction by asymmetric methods. In this work, sequential synthesis of aza-oxa-dehydro[7]helicenes via the electrochemical oxidative hetero-coupling of 3-hydoxycarbazoles and 2-naphthols followed by dehydrative cyclization and intramolecular C–C bond formation has been realized. In addition, an efficient enantioselective synthesis through chiral vanadium-catalyzed hetero-coupling and electrochemical oxidative transformations afforded heterodehydro[7]helicene without any racemization. The obtained dehydro[7]helicenes showed intense blue-colored circularly polarized luminescence (|glum| ≈ 2.5 × 10−3 at 433 nm). Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of the racemization barrier of heterodehydro[7]helicenes indicated significant chiral stability with ΔG‡> 140 kJ mol−1.
A trait-based conceptual framework to examine urban biodiversity, socio-ecological filters, and ecosystem services linkages
Authors: Grilo Filipa , McPhearson Timon , Santos-Reis Margarida , Branquinho Cristina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMaximizing the functional performance of urban green infrastructure is important to deliver critical ecosystem services that support human well-being. However, urban ecosystems are impacted by social and ecological filters that affect biodiversity, shaping how species’ traits are functionally expressed, thus affecting ecosystem services supply. Our Social–Ecological Traits Framework addresses the impacts of socio-ecological systems on the phenotypic expression of traits and ecosystem services delivery. This functional approach to examining the supply of ecosystem services can improve the incorporation of biodiversity knowledge in urban planning decisions for maximizing the effectiveness of ecosystem services as nature-based solutions under multiple types of social and environmental change.
Bioplastic design using multitask deep neural networks
Authors: Kuenneth Christopher , Lalonde Jessica , Marrone Babetta L. , Iverson Carl N. , Ramprasad Rampi , Pilania Ghanshyam 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNon-degradable plastic waste jeopardizes our environment, yet our modern lifestyle and current technologies are impossible to sustain without plastics. Bio-synthesized and biodegradable alternatives such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have the potential to replace large portions of the world’s plastic supply with cradle-to-cradle materials, but their chemical complexity and diversity limit traditional resource-intensive experimentation. Here, we develop multitask deep neural network property predictors using available experimental data for a diverse set of nearly 23,000 homo- and copolymer chemistries. Using the predictors, we identify 14 PHA-based bioplastics from a search space of almost 1.4 million candidates which could serve as potential replacements for seven petroleum-based commodity plastics that account for 75% of the world’s yearly plastic production. We also discuss possible synthesis routes for the identified promising materials.
Wavelength‐stabilized ns‐pulsed 2.2 kW diode laser bar with multiple active regions and tunnel junctions
Authors: Ammouri Nor , Christopher Heike , Fricke Jörg , Ginolas Arnim , Liero Armin , Maaßdorf Andre , Wenzel Hans , Knigge Andrea 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe improvement of the performance of a distributed Bragg reflector laser bar emitting near 905 nm through the use of multiple epitaxially stacked active regions and tunnel junctions is reported. The bar consisting of 48 emitters (each having an aperture of 50 µm) emits an optical power of 2.2 kW in 8 ns long pulses at an injection current of 1.1 kA. This corresponds to an almost threefold increase of the pulse power compared to a bar with lasers having only a single active region. Due to the integrated surface Bragg grating, the bar exhibits a narrow spectral bandwidth of about 0.3 nm and a thermal tuning of only 68 pm/K.
Non‐stationary financial time series forecasting based on meta‐learning
Authors: Hong Anqi , Gao Minghan , Gao Qiang , Peng Xiao‐Hong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this letter, the authors address the challenge in forecasting non‐stationary financial time series by proposing a meta‐learning based forecasting model equipped with a convolution neural network (CNN) predictor and a long short‐term memory (LSTM) meta‐learner. The model is applied to a set of short subseries which are the result of dividing a long non‐stationary financial time series. As a result, a promising performance can be achieved by the proposed model in terms of making more accurate prediction than the traditional CNN predictor and auto regressive (AR)‐based forecasting models in non‐stationary conditions.
Validity and feasibility of remote measurement systems for functional movement and posture assessments in people with axial spondylarthritis
Authors: Hannink Erin , Mansoubi Maedeh , Cronin Neil , Wilkins Benjamin , Najafi Ali A. , Waller Benjamin , Dawes Helen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroduction: This study aimed to estimate the criterion validity of functional movement and posture measurement using remote technology systems in people with and without Axial spondylarthritis (axSpA).Methods: Validity and agreement of the remote‐technology measurement of functional movement and posture were tested cross‐sectionally and compared to a standard clinical measurement by a physiotherapist. The feasibility of remote implementation was tested in a home environment. There were two cohorts of participants: people with axSpA and people without longstanding back pain. In addition, a cost‐consequence analysis was performed.Results: Sixty‐two participants (31 with axSPA, 53% female, age = 45(SD14), BMI = 26.6(SD4.6) completed the study. In the axSpA group, cervical rotation, lumbar flexion, lumbar side flexion, shoulder flexion, hip abduction, tragus‐to‐wall and thoracic kyphosis showed a significant moderate to strong correlation; in the non‐back pain group, the same measures showed significant correlation ranging from weak to strong.Conclusions: Although not valid for clinical use in its current form, the remote technologies demonstrated moderate to strong correlation and agreement in most functional and postural tests measured in people with AxSA. Testing the CV‐aided system in a home environment suggests it is a safe and feasible method. Yet, validity testing in this environment still needs to be performed.
Space‐time adaptive processing algorithm based on hyper beamforming for ionospheric clutter suppression in small‐array high‐frequency surface wave radar
Authors: Li Jiaming , Yang Qiang , Zhang Xin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSmall‐array high‐frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) is widely used to monitor maritime targets as it can be used to save on‐land resources. In small‐array HFSWR systems, the main lobe of the receiving angle spectrum is significantly broadened. In complex clutter backgrounds, an extremely wide beam severely influences clutter suppression performance; consequently, targets with a low signal‐to‐clutter ratio (SCR) may be eliminated, or the angle may be barely estimated. This study proposes a space‐time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithm based on hyper beamforming (HBF) to improve the clutter suppression performance of small‐array HFSWR. In addition, HBF can obtain more independent identical distributed training samples than the conventional beamforming; thus, the STAP algorithm can extract the clutter information with high accuracy in the covariance matrix estimation. Moreover, this study combines an efficient STAP algorithm with a joint domain localised (JDL) algorithm to improve clutter suppression. Based on the experimental results, the proposed HBF‐JDL algorithm performs satisfactorily and significantly improves the SCR. Moreover, HBF‐JDL is still applicable at lower SCRs of the target compared with JDL.
Solar energetic electron events measured by MESSENGER and Solar Orbiter
Authors: Rodríguez-García L. , Gómez-Herrero R. , Dresing N. , Lario D. , Zouganelis I. , Balmaceda L. A. , Kouloumvakos A. , Fedeli A. , Espinosa Lara F. , Cernuda I. , Ho G. C. , Wimmer-Schweingruber R. F. , Rodríguez-Pacheco J. 
Published: December 2022

Context.We present a list of 61 solar energetic electron (SEE) events measured by the MESSENGER mission and the radial dependences of some parameters associated with these SEE events. The analysis covers the period from 2010 to 2015, when the heliocentric distance of MESSENGER varied between 0.31 and 0.47 au. We also show the radial dependences for a shorter list of 12 SEE events measured in February and March 2022 by spacecraft near 1 au and by Solar Orbiter at about its first close perihelion at 0.32 au.Aims.We study the radial dependences of the electron peak intensity and the energy spectrum of the electron intensity at the time of the SEE event peak intensity, taking advantage of multi-spacecraft measurements.Methods.We compiled the list of SEE events measured by MESSENGER and Solar Orbiter using hourly averages to find the prompt component of the near-relativistic (∼70–110 keV) electron peak intensities and to calculate the peak-intensity energy spectra. We also obtained the peak intensities and energy spectra for the same events as measured by the STEREO-A, -B, ACE, or Wind spacecraft when one of these spacecraft was in close nominal magnetic connection with MESSENGER or Solar Orbiter to derive the radial dependences of these SEE parameters.Results.(1) Because the background intensity level of the particle instrument on board MESSENGER is high, the SEE events measured by this mission are necessarily large and intense; most of them are accompanied by a shock driven by a coronal mass ejection and are widely spread in heliolongitude. The SEE events display relativistic (∼1 MeV) electron intensity enhancements. For this SEE sample, we found that (2) the SEE peak intensity shows a radial dependence that can be expressed asRα, where the median value of theαindex isαMed= −3.3±1.4 for a subsample of 28 events for which the nominal magnetic footpoints of the near 0.3 au and 1 au spacecraft were close in heliographic longitude. (3) The mean spectral indexδof a subset of 42 events for which the energy spectrum could be analysed is ⟨δ⟩= − 1.9 ± 0.3, which is harder than the value found in previous studies using data from spacecraft near 1 au. SEE events observed by Solar Orbiter also display harder energy spectra than previous studies using data obtained near 1 au.Conclusions.There is a wide variability in the radial dependence of the electron peak intensities, but on average and within uncertainties, the ∝R−3dependence found in previous observational and modelling studies is confirmed. The electron spectral index found in the energy range around ∼200 keV (δ200) of the backward-scattered population near 0.3 au measured by MESSENGER is harder by a median factor of ∼20% and ∼10% when comparing to the near 1 au anti-sunward propagating beam and the backward-scattered population, respectively.
Changes in Health-related Parameters Associated with Sports Performance Enhancement Drugs
Authors: Wiacek Magdalena , Trąbka Bartosza , Tomasiuk Ryszard , Zubrzycki Igor Z 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in health-related parameters caused by the administration of anabolic-androgenic steroids and “fat-burning drugs” during a 6-month competition preparation period. The physiological, biochemical, and anthropometric parameters studied included serum cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, bilirubin, body mass, and percentage of total body fat. Changes in the parameters studied were analyzed at monthly intervals during six months of preparation for competition. The study revealed a continuous increase in body mass, accompanied by a decrease in body fat percentage to the physiologically essential level. Total cholesterol levels remined in the desirable concentration range. The mean levels of triglycerides fluctuated between borderline high and high. Mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels remained within the low range, while low-density lipoprotein cholesterol fluctuated between near-optimal / above-optimal, borderline high, and high levels. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase remained within the high concentration. The bilirubin concentration remained in the desirable range. The blood nitrogen urea concentration fluctuated between normal and elevated levels. Sports-enhancing drugs analyzed in this study do not have an immediate detrimental impact on the selected biochemical, physiological, and anthropometric parameters that define health.
Choriocapillary Flow Correlation with Axial Length in High Myopia – An Angiography Study with Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Széll Noémi , Orosz Zsuzsanna Z. , Facskó Andrea , Sohajda Zoltán 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose To investigate parameters of retinal and choroidal microcirculation quantitatively with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in high myopic children, and to
explore potential correlations with age, axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SE), and central retinal thickness (CRT).
Methods En face angiograms were generated with an OCTA device and evaluated with automated density and flow analyzer algorithms. Perfusion parameters were correlated with age, AL,
SE, and CRT using Spearmanʼs rank correlation analysis. Repeatability and reproducibility of perfusion parameter measurements were calculated in a high myopic cohort.
Results Repeatability and reproducibility of OCTA measurements were good, ranging from 3.6 – 6.5%. Strong positive correlation was identified between age and CRT (rho = 0.673,
p = 0.00) as well as between AL and SE (rho = 0.844, p = 0.00). There was a strong negative correlation between AL and choriocapillary flow density (CCFD) (rho = − 0.612, p = 0.00), and a
moderate negative correlation between age and superficial parafoveal retinal vessel density (SPRVD) as well as CCFD (rho = − 0.497, p = 0.013 and rho = − 0.483, p = 0.023, respectively).
Conclusion OCTA appears to be a reliable tool for the quantitative investigation of retinal and choroidal microcirculation in a high myopic pediatric cohort. CCFD reduction was
associated with increasing AL in this cohort.
Exposure and Response Prevention: Evaluation of Tic Severity Over Time for Children and Adolescents with Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorders
Authors: Soerensen Camilla Birgitte , Lange Theis , Jensen Sidsel Normann , Grejsen Judy , Aaslet Lone , Skov Liselotte , Debes Nanette Mol 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders are characterized by the presence of tics. Different behavioral therapies have shown to be efficacious for treating tics in children and adolescents, but Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is a less researched method. However, ERP is a method often used in the clinical setting. Therefore, the present study evaluated the severity of tics over time from beginning of ERP to follow-up approximately 1 year after last training session.In total, 116 patients treated with ERP face to face or ERP via web-based videoconferencing were included. The primary outcome measure was tic severity measured with the Danish version of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale.The results showed that tic severity decreased during ERP and lasted in the follow-up period, with a statistically higher decrease in the group with patients who completed ERP as planned and the group that stopped earlier than planned because of reduction in tics, compared with those who dropped out due to lack of motivation (p < 0.001).The study concludes that ERP seems to have an immediate and a long-term effect on severity of tics, especially in those who complete the program or those who discontinue earlier due to good results.
Characterization of Neuropsychological Outcomes in a Cohort of Pediatric Patients with Moyamoya Arteriopathy
Authors: Gatti John R. , Peterson Rachel K. , Cannon Alicia , Yedavalli Vivek , Malone Laura A. , Sun Lisa R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction Moyamoya arteriopathy is a severe, progressive cerebral arteriopathy that places affected children at high risk for stroke. Moyamoya has been associated with a range of neuropsychological deficits in adults, but data on many cognitive domains remain limited in the pediatric population and little is known about the neuropsychological profile of children with syndromic moyamoya.
Methods This is a single-center, retrospective cohort study of children with moyamoya arteriopathy followed at our center who underwent neuropsychological testing between 2003 and 2021. Test scores were extracted from neuropsychological reports. Medical records were reviewed with attention to individual neuropsychological test results, medical comorbidities, presence of infarct(s) on neuroimaging, and history of clinical ischemic stroke.
Results Of the 83 children with moyamoya followed at our center between 2003 and 2021, 13 had completed neuropsychological testing across multiple cognitive domains. Compared to age-based normative data, children in this sample had lower scores in overall intelligence (p = 0.003), global executive functioning (p = 0.005), and overall adaptive functioning (p = 0.015). There was no significant difference in overall intelligence between children with (n = 6) versus without (n = 7) a history of clinical stroke (p = 0.368), though children with any radiographic infarct scored lower in this domain (p = 0.032).
Conclusion In our cohort, children with moyamoya demonstrated impaired intelligence and executive functioning, even in the absence of clinical stroke. Neuropsychological evaluation should be considered standard of care for all children with moyamoya, even those without a history of clinical stroke.
Comparison of Clinical, Biochemical, and Sonological Parameters in Adolescents with and without Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Dutt Sampada , Chadha Shikha , Gupta Vinita 
Published: December 2022

Objectives
The Pediatric Endocrine Society consensus criteria was developed in 2015 to diagnose adolescent PCOS. There are no Indian studies that use these criteria for diagnosis and then compare the clinical characteristics with those of normal controls. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical and biochemical profile in adolescents with and without PCOS and to study the ovarian morphology in adolescents with and without PCOS.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a prospective case–control study on 60 adolescents who attended the outpatient department/adolescent immunization clinic. Group A included 30 adolescent girls with PCOS diagnosed as per the consensus criteria and Group B included 30 adolescents without PCOS. All participants were clinically evaluated and called empty stomach in the follicular phase for metabolic (Serum TSH, prolactin, FSH, LH, and testosterone) and endocrinal workup (2-hour OGTT, lipid profile) followed by ultrasonic examination.

Results
In group A, 40% were overweight and 36.7% were obese and in group B, 20% were overweight and 20% were obese. There were no significant differences noted in gonadotropin levels in two groups. Mean testosterone levels were higher in PCO adolescents. The mean ovarian volume and ovarian follicle number were significantly higher in adolescents with PCOS. We found that if ultrasound criteria were added to the diagnosis, there would be about 7% lesser PCOS diagnosis.

Conclusion
PCOS alters the fat distribution and lipid distribution in the body. These are features that lead to long-term metabolic alterations and life-threatening diseases. All PCOS adolescents thus be screened for these abnormalities and advised lifestyle modifications to keep these parameters under control.
Comparison of MRI Findings in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients with Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis
Authors: Agrawal Alka , Kori Neetu , Madhpuriya Gulshan , Nigam Prakhar , Agrawal Simran 
Published: December 2022

Objective
Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) has emerged as a key concern during the period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Diabetes mellitus is a known risk factor for invasive fungal infection. The aim of this article was to study and compare the radiological features of COVID-19-associated ROCM between diabetic and nondiabetic patients using magnetic resonance imaging.

Materials and Methods
A retrospective observational study comprising 78 diabetics and 40 nondiabetics who developed ROCM after COVID-19 was conducted. The imaging data of both groups were analyzed, findings tabulated and compared using statistical methods.

Results
Maxillary and ethmoid sinuses were commonly involved in both groups. Periantral fat and orbits were the most common sites of disease extension. The spread of infection to periantral soft tissue was significantly higher in diabetics (p = 0.049). Diabetics were more likely to have bone, orbit, and brain involvement than nondiabetics, although the difference was not statistically significant. Diabetic patients were the only ones to experience complications such as fungal abscess and cavernous sinus and internal carotid artery involvement. However, a considerable number of nondiabetic patients (22.5%) also had an intracranial extension of disease.

Conclusion
The radiological appearances and common sites of invasion in ROCM are similar in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. The extensive spread of infection to extra-sinus regions can occur in nondiabetic patients with COVID-19 but is less frequent compared with diabetics.
Primary Intramedullary Spinal High-Grade Glioma: A Case Series with Review of Literature
Authors: Aashita Aashita , Sharma Rajiv , Yadav Vikas , Manikandan Muthu , Dhameliya Ankit , Mishra Hemendra , Thakur Pragyat , Malik Abhidha 
Published: December 2022

Background Primary intramedullary high-grade glioma (HGG) and glioblastoma of spinal cord are uncommon tumors of central nervous system. Treatment recommendations are based on current guidelines of intracranial HGG and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).
Methods We retrospectively analyzed records of 9,686 patients who reported to our center over past 7 years. Only three cases of primary intramedullary HGG of spinal cord were found.
Results In this article, we have reported three cases of primary intramedullary HGG of spinal cord. A comparison of intracranial and intramedullary spinal HGG and review of literature is presented.
Conclusion Despite aggressive treatment using surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, the survival rates are dismal. Emerging evidence has shown difference in biological behavior of intracranial and spinal HGG. Genetic studies to understand the biology and prospective studies are needed.