bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Location of Solutions of Fredholm–Nemytskii Integral Equations from a Whittaker-Type Operator
Authors: Ezquerro J. A. , Hernández-Verón M. A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe analyse the global convergence of a Whittaker-type iterative method and obtain restricted global convergence domains, so that we can locate and separate solutions of Fredholm–Nemytskii nonlinear integral equations by means of balls. For this, we use two techniques, one based on the well-known fixed point theorem and the other on a system of recurrence relations. In both techniques, we use the Whittaker-type operator involved and auxiliary functions.
PARP-1 regulates inflammasome activity by poly-ADP-ribosylation of NLRP3 and interaction with TXNIP in primary macrophages
Authors: Chiu Ling-Ya , Huang Duen-Yi , Lin Wan-Wan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPoly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) plays an essential role in DNA repair by catalyzing the polymerization of ADP-ribose unit to target proteins. Several studies have shown that PARP-1 can regulate inflammatory responses in various disease models. The intracellular Nod-like receptor NLRP3 has emerged as the most crucial innate immune receptor because of its broad specificity in mediating immune response to pathogen invasion and danger signals associated with cellular damage. In our study, we found NLRP3 stimuli-induced caspase-1 maturation and IL-1β production were impaired by PARP-1 knockout or PARP-1 inhibition in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). The step 1 signal of NLRP3 inflammasome activation was not affected by PARP-1 deficiency. Moreover, ATP-induced cytosolic ROS production was lower in Parp-1−/− BMDM, resulting in the decreased inflammasome complex assembly. PARP-1 can translocate to cytosol upon ATP stimulation and trigger the PARylation modification on NLRP3, leading to NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. PARP-1 was also a bridge between NLRP3 and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and participated in NLRP3/TXNIP complex formation for inflammasome activation. Overall, PARP-1 positively regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation via increasing ROS production and interaction with TXNIP and NLRP3, leading to PARylation of NLRP3. Our data demonstrate a novel regulatory mechanism for NLRP3 inflammasome activation by PARP-1. Therefore, PARP-1 can serve as a potential target in the treatment of IL-1β associated inflammatory diseases.
Discrimination Between Small Earthquakes and Quarry Blasts in Egypt Using Spectral Source Characteristics
Authors: Korrat I. M. , Lethy Ahmed , ElGabry M. N. , Hussein H. M. , Othman Adel S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSource parameters calculated from displacement spectra of both P and S waves are used to discriminate between earthquakes and quarry blasts in three regions of Egypt during the 2009–2015 period. We use vertical component seismograms from 440 earthquakes and 450 quarry explosions with MD 1.5 to 3.3 to calculate source parameters, including scalar moments and corner frequencies. The Mo(P,S) vs. fc(P,S) and P- to S-wave corner frequency fc(P)/fc(S) ratios are used to distinguish quarry blasts from earthquakes. A comparison of Mo(P,S) vs. fc(P,S) for both earthquakes and explosions in Egypt demonstrates that explosions had significantly lower corner frequencies than earthquakes, particularly for S-wave displacement spectra. In contrast to the Northern and Central regions, the Southern Egyptian region provides a perfect separation of corner frequencies of earthquakes and explosions for both P- and S-waves. The empirically derived average ratio of fc(P)/fc(S) for earthquakes is 1.28, 1.26 and 1.26 in the Northern, Central and Southern Egyptian regions, respectively. For explosions, average fc(P)/fc(S) ratios are 1.89, 1.86 and 2.0 in the three Egyptian regions, respectively. According to these findings, the average ratio of fc(P) to fc(S) for explosions is higher than those for earthquakes, implying that the differences in ratios enhance the ability of the fc(P) vs. fc(S) approach to discriminate between earthquakes and explosions. Based on the average fc(P)/fc(S) ratios vs. Mw in the whole of Egypt, the observed fc(P)/fc(S) discrimination threshold value for separating quarry explosions from earthquakes is 1.51–1.52.
Uncrowding Algorithm for Hook-Valued Tableaux
Authors: Pan Jianping , Pappe Joseph , Poh Wencin , Schilling Anne 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhereas set-valued tableaux are the combinatorial objects associated to stable Grothendieck polynomials, hook-valued tableaux are associated with stable canonical Grothendieck polynomials. In this paper, we define a novel uncrowding algorithm for hook-valued tableaux. The algorithm “uncrowds” the entries in the arm of the hooks, and yields a set-valued tableau and a column-flagged increasing tableau. We prove that our uncrowding algorithm intertwines with crystal operators. An alternative uncrowding algorithm that “uncrowds” the entries in the leg instead of the arm of the hooks is also given. As an application of uncrowding, we obtain various expansions of the canonical Grothendieck polynomials.
Adaptive step-length selection in gradient boosting for Gaussian location and scale models
Authors: Zhang Boyao , Hepp Tobias , Greven Sonja , Bergherr Elisabeth 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTuning of model-based boosting algorithms relies mainly on the number of iterations, while the step-length is fixed at a predefined value. For complex models with several predictors such as Generalized additive models for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS), imbalanced updates of predictors, where some distribution parameters are updated more frequently than others, can be a problem that prevents some submodels to be appropriately fitted within a limited number of boosting iterations. We propose an approach using adaptive step-length (ASL) determination within a non-cyclical boosting algorithm for Gaussian location and scale models, as an important special case of the wider class of GAMLSS, to prevent such imbalance. Moreover, we discuss properties of the ASL and derive a semi-analytical form of the ASL that avoids manual selection of the search interval and numerical optimization to find the optimal step-length, and consequently improves computational efficiency. We show competitive behavior of the proposed approaches compared to penalized maximum likelihood and boosting with a fixed step-length for Gaussian location and scale models in two simulations and two applications, in particular for cases of large variance and/or more variables than observations. In addition, the underlying concept of the ASL is also applicable to the whole GAMLSS framework and to other models with more than one predictor like zero-inflated count models, and brings up insights into the choice of the reasonable defaults for the step-length in the simpler special case of (Gaussian) additive models.
Abnormal multisensory integration in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Giurgola Serena , Casati Carlotta , Stampatori Chiara , Perucca Laura , Mattioli Flavia , Vallar Giuseppe , Bolognini Nadia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTemporal Binding Window (TBW) represents a reliable index of efficient multisensory integration process, which allows individuals to infer which sensory inputs from different modalities pertain to the same event. TBW alterations have been reported in some neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders and seem to negatively affects cognition and behavior. So far, it is still unknown whether deficits of multisensory integration, as indexed by an abnormal TBW, are present even in Multiple Sclerosis. We addressed this issue by testing 25 participants affected by relapsing–remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) and 30 age-matched healthy controls. Participants completed a simultaneity judgment task (SJ2) to assess the audio-visual TBW; two unimodal SJ2 versions were used as control tasks. Individuals with RRMS showed an enlarged audio-visual TBW (width range = from − 166 ms to + 198 ms), as compared to healthy controls (width range = − 177/ + 66 ms), thus showing an increased tendency to integrate temporally asynchronous visual and auditory stimuli. Instead, simultaneity perception of unimodal (visual or auditory) events overall did not differ from that of controls. These results provide first evidence of a selective deficit of multisensory integration in individuals affected by RRMS, besides the well-known motor and cognitive impairments. The reduced multisensory temporal acuity is likely caused by a disruption of the neural interplay between different sensory systems caused by multiple sclerosis.
Osteoporosis and HIV Infection
Authors: Biver Emmanuel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLife expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH) is now close to that of the HIV-uninfected population. As a result, age-related comorbidities, including osteoporosis, are increasing in PLWH. This narrative review describes the epidemiology of bone fragility in PLWH, changes of bone features over the course of HIV infection and their determinants, as well as the available evidence regarding the management of osteoporosis in PLWH. The risk of fracture is higher and increases about 10 years earlier compared to the general population. The classical risk factors of bone fragility are very widespread and are major determinants of bone health in this population. The majority of bone loss occurs during virus replication and during immune reconstitution at antiretroviral therapies (ART) initiation, which both increase osteoclast activity. Abnormalities in bone formation and mineralization have also been shown in histomorphometric studies in untreated PLWH. Measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) is the first line tool for assessing fracture risk in postmenopausal women, men above 50 years, and other HIV-infected patients with clinical risk factors for osteoporosis. FRAX underestimates fracture probability in PLWH. In case of indication for anti-osteoporotic drug, bisphosphonates remain the reference option. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation should be considered as ART initiation, since it may attenuate bone loss at this stage. Bone-protective ART regimens improve BMD compared to other regimens, but to a lesser extent than bisphosphonate, and without available data on their influence on the incidence of fracture.
Stroke population–specific neuroanatomical CT-MRI brain atlas
Authors: Kaffenberger Tina , Venkatraman Vijay , Steward Chris , Thijs Vincent N. , Bernhardt Julie , Desmond Patricia M. , Campbell Bruce C. V. , Yassi Nawaf 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Development of a freely available stroke population–specific anatomical CT/MRI atlas with a reliable normalisation pipeline for clinical CT.

Methods
By reviewing CT scans in suspected stroke patients and filtering the AIBL MRI database, respectively, we collected 50 normal-for-age CT and MRI scans to build a standard-resolution CT template and a high-resolution MRI template. The latter was manually segmented into anatomical brain regions. We then developed and validated a MRI to CT registration pipeline to align the MRI atlas onto the CT template. Finally, we developed a CT-to-CT-normalisation pipeline and tested its reliability by calculating Dice coefficient (Dice) and Average Hausdorff Distance (AHD) for predefined areas in 100 CT scans from ischaemic stroke patients.

Results
The resulting CT/MRI templates were age and sex matched to a general stroke population (median age 71.9 years (62.1–80.2), 60% male). Specifically, this accounts for relevant structural changes related to aging, which may affect registration. Applying the validated MRI to CT alignment (Dice > 0.78, Average Hausdorff Distance < 0.59 mm) resulted in our final CT-MRI atlas. The atlas has 52 manually segmented regions and covers the whole brain. The alignment of four cortical and subcortical brain regions with our CT-normalisation pipeline was reliable for small/medium/large infarct lesions (Dice coefficient > 0.5).

Conclusion
The newly created CT-MRI brain atlas has the potential to standardise stroke lesion segmentation. Together with the automated normalisation pipeline, it allows analysis of existing and new datasets to improve prediction tools for stroke patients (free download at https://forms.office.com/r/v4t3sWfbKs).
Partnerbeziehungen bei jungen Erwachsenen: Flucht vor der Intimität?
Authors: Seiffge-Krenke Inge 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Junge Erwachsene kommen häufig mit Partnerproblemen in die Behandlung; die Abgrenzung zwischen Bindungsstörungen bzw. narzisstischen Persönlichkeitsstörungen und normalen Entwicklungsphänomenen ist oftmals schwer.

Ziel der Arbeit
Es wird ein Überblick über Forschungsbefunde zu Partnerbeziehungen der 20- bis 30-Jährigen, den „emerging adults“, gegeben. Diese befinden sich in einer spezifischen, neu entdeckten Entwicklungsphase mit viel Exploration und wenig „commitment“.

Ergebnisse
Internationale Forschungsarbeiten, aber auch Arbeiten im deutschsprachigen Raum, belegen einheitlich eine Form von „Nichtbeziehungen“, in denen Sexualität gelebt, aber definitiv keine Partnerbeziehung gewünscht wird. Die Beziehungsqualitäten und die Form der Nichtbeziehungen sind bei allen Geschlechtern gleich. Längsschnittstudien belegen, dass eine Entwicklung zur Paarbindung, die im Jugendalter eingesetzt hatte, unterbrochen wird und erst Jahre später wieder länger dauernde, bezogene Paarbeziehungen bei den meisten jungen Menschen nachweisbar sind.

Diskussion
Es wird diskutiert, inwieweit zu enge, intrusive und zu unterstützende Elternbeziehungen zur „Flucht vor der Intimität“ beitragen, und welchen Einfluss neue Medien und Dating-Portale, aber auch der zunehmende Optimierungswahn und narzisstische gesamtgesellschaftliche Entwicklungen haben. Für diese Einflussfaktoren gibt es auch empirische Belege.
Shifting polar bear Ursus maritimus denning habitat availability in the European Arctic
Authors: Merkel Benjamin , Aars Jon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractClimate warming has resulted in extensive sea ice loss across the Arctic. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) rely on sea ice for hunting, resting, travelling and in some parts of the Arctic also maternity denning. In the European Arctic, polar bears rely on snow drifts on land to den and give birth. Consequently, timely arrival of sea ice around land masses during autumn is important for pregnant females to reach their denning habitat from their sea ice hunting grounds. We defined denning habitat as landforms necessary to accumulate snow to a depth sufficient for dens. We quantified availability of terrestrial denning habitat across the three European Arctic archipelagos throughout the last four (1979–2020) and the next eight decades (until 2100) using arrival of autumn sea ice around these islands. Across the study area, a clear trend was visible towards later sea ice arrival, varying up to 102 days. Female polar bears in the European Arctic now have 33% denning habitat available compared to the 1980's as many areas became inaccessible in time to start maternity denning. By the 2090's, all areas were projected to be inaccessible to pregnant bears. This decline was unequally distributed, with most reduction in Svalbard and Novaya Zemlya until 2020, whilst denning habitat availability in Franz Josef Land remained unchanged until 2020 but is predicted to become inaccessible by the end of the century. This work emphasizes the importance of the temporal dimension of sea ice dynamics for the persistence of polar bear populations.
Variations in biomass of fungal guilds are primarily driven by factors related to soil conditions in Mediterranean Pinus pinaster forests
Authors: Hagenbo Andreas , Alday Josu G. , Martínez de Aragón Juan , Castaño Carles , de-Miguel Sergio , Bonet José Antonio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSoil fungi are vital for regulating ecosystem carbon balance and productivity, by driving processes related to soil carbon and nutrient cycling. The rate and capacity of fungi-mediated processes are linked to fungal biomass dynamics and identifying the drivers of fungal biomass is important for predicting ecosystem responses to environmental changes. Here, ergosterol-based fungal biomass estimates and ITS2-based fungal community composition profiles were used to assess biomass of fungal guilds. Effects of forest management (thinning), environmental factors (soil chemical properties, microclimate, weather and forest stand composition) and season were related to the fungal biomass dynamics to identify the guild-specific drivers of biomass. Biomass of most fungal guilds increased with nutrient availability (nitrogen and potassium in particular) and decreased with forest thinning, and variation in total biomass was mainly driven by variation in mycorrhizal biomass. Most fungal guilds reached a minimum in biomass during summer except for mycorrhizal and root-associated ascomycetes, which instead reached a minimum during winter. Mycorrhizal fungi and root-associated ascomycetes displayed similar spatiotemporal variability in biomass. Yeasts and moulds were the only fungi displaying strong linkages with microclimate, whereas pathogenic and moss-associated fungi largely diverged in their responses to the environmental factors. The results of our study highlight that environmental factors related to the availability of soil nutrients may have an overall stronger effect on variation in biomass of fungal guilds in Mediterranean Pinus pinaster forests than direct influences of microclimate, weather and forest management.
Endometrial preparation methods prior to frozen embryo transfer: A retrospective cohort study comparing true natural cycle, modified natural cycle and artificial cycle
Authors: Mensing Lena , Dahlberg Emilie S. , Bay Bjørn , Gabrielsen Anette , Knudsen Ulla B. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of three endometrial preparation methods prior to frozen embryo transfer (FET): Natural cycle (NC), modified natural cycle (mNC), and programmed/artificial cycle (AC) protocols. Primary outcomes investigated were clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and live birth rate (LBR).

Methods
A retrospective study on 2080 FET cycles including patients ≤ 35 years with a BMI ≤ 30 who underwent FET with a single autologous blastocyst stage embryo at Aarhus University Hospital or Horsens Regional Hospital in the period 2013–2019. Only blastocysts frozen by vitrification were included. No luteal phase support (LPS) was used in natural cycles.

Results
In NC, mNC and AC, CPRs were 34.9%, 40.6% and 32.0%, while LBRs were 32.3%, 36.3% and 26.6%, respectively. There were no significant differences in main outcomes when comparing AC with NC [LBR: OR = 0.9 (0.6; 1.2), p = 0.4]. Compared to NC, mNC-FET displayed significantly higher positive hCG, implantation rate, CPR and LBR [LBR: OR = 1.4 (1.0; 1.9), p = 0.03]. An analysis with mNC as reference group demonstrated significantly better outcomes in the mNC group compared to AC [LBR: OR 0.6 (0.5; 0.8), p =  < 0.01].

Conclusion
The present study overall demonstrated better outcomes including LBR with mNC protocol as compared to NC and AC protocol, while comparison of AC and NC showed both protocols to be equally effective. A programmed cycle may be necessary for women with anovulatory cycles; however, normo-ovulating women may be offered a natural cycle protocol.

Trial registration number
3-3013-3047/1 and 31-1522-44. Date of registration: June 24, 2019 and April 23, 2020.
Management of the first stage of convulsive status epilepticus in adults: a systematic review of current randomised evidence
Authors: Cruickshank Moira , Imamura Mari , Counsell Carl , Aucott Lorna , Manson Paul , Booth Corinne , Scotland Graham , Brazzelli Miriam 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Convulsive status epilepticus is the most severe form of epilepsy and requires urgent treatment. We synthesised the current evidence on first-line treatments for controlling seizures in adults with convulsive status epilepticus before, or at, arrival at hospital.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing antiepileptic drugs offered to adults as first-line treatments. Major electronic databases were searched.

Results
Four RCTs (1234 adults) were included. None were conducted in the UK and none assessed the use of buccal or intranasal midazolam. Both intravenous lorazepam and intravenous diazepam administered by paramedics were more effective than placebo and, notably, intramuscular midazolam was non-inferior to intravenous lorazepam. Overall, median time to seizure cessation from drug administration varied from 2 to 15 min. Rates of respiratory depression among participants receiving active treatments ranged from 6.4 to 10.6%. Mortality ranged from 2 to 7.6% in active treatment groups and 6.2 to 15.5% in control groups.

Conclusions
Intravenous and intramuscular benzodiazepines are safe and effective in this clinical context. Further research is needed to establish the most clinically and cost-effective first-line treatment and preferable mode of administration. Head-to-head trials comparing buccal versus intranasal midazolam versus rectal diazepam would provide useful information to inform the management of the first stage of convulsive status epilepticus in adults, especially when intravenous or intramuscular access is not feasible. Approaches to improve adherence to clinical guidelines on the use of currently available benzodiazepines for the first-line treatment of convulsive status epilepticus should also be considered.
Effects of suspension of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration in clinical setting
Authors: Matsubara Hisashi , Matsui Yoshitsugu , Miyata Ryohei , Ichio Atsushi , Chujo Shinichiro , Enomoto Hiroko , Sugimoto Masahiko , Kondo Mineo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the outcomes of a suspension of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatments in the eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Methods
This was a retrospective study that examined eyes having no exudation for 48 weeks while undergoing intravitreal anti-VEGF injections every 12 to 16 weeks. The rate and time of recurrences, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central subfield thickness (CST), number of visits, and reactivity to anti-VEGF were determined after the suspension of the anti-VEGF treatments.

Results
In 34 eyes of 34 patients, 17 eyes (50.0%) had a recurrence during the 24-month follow-up period. The median time of a recurrence was 10 months. The BCVA was maintained for 24 months after the suspension regardless of the development of any recurrences. In 41.7% of the eyes that resumed treatment, the duration of exudation suppression by the anti-VEGF therapy was shorter than 12 weeks during the 12 months after restarting the anti-VEGF treatments. There was a significant increase in the number of visits during the first year after beginning the suspension versus during the 1 year before the suspension (non-recurrence group; P = 0.007, recurrence group; P = 0.001).

Conclusion
Although one-half of the eyes had a recurrence within 24 months after a suspension of anti-VEGF treatment, the BCVA was maintained after a resumption of the anti-VEGF treatments. However, the number of hospital visits increases regardless of the recurrences and the lesion stability is altered by the anti-VEGF suspension. Clinicians should explain both the advantages and disadvantages of anti-VEGF suspension to nAMD patients.