bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production Restoration Following Long Term Community Crisis – A Case Study of Well X in ABC Field, Onshore Nigeria
Authors: Adedokun Adewale Philip , Adeoye Olanike , Eleluwor Esta , Oke Martins Oluwatobi , Ibiyomi Christopher , Okenwa Odira , Ubendu Obisike N. , Obi Ikenna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Following multi-disciplinary reviews, an opportunity was identified to restore production and unlock incremental reserves from well X, a dual completion in two different reservoirs but subsequently deserted due to long term community crisis that led to over 25years of non-production with complete vandalization of well head and flowlines.
The method employed involved the strategic resolution of long-term crisis between two communities where well X is located, via a multi-disciplinary effort involving the operating company’s Community Relations, HSSE, Production Engineering, Operations Support and Portfolio Management functions. The installation of a retrofitted well head was done with first line and second line maintenance carried out. Wireline drifting and static bottom hole pressures were acquired for both strings using slickline equipment and a preliminary well test was conducted for both strings with production to a flowback tank.
The preliminary result for the long string (LS) indicated a high water cut (&gt;80%), while the result from short string (SS) was in line with expectation (&lt;57%). The test result from the short string informed the decision to construct a new flowline for restoring its production, while further subsurface evaluation is required for the long string (LS). The significance of the short string (SS) result is the unlocking of additional reserves ca. 1.0MMSTB from a reservoir with remaining oil in place estimated at ca. 18MMSTB, where the short string (SS) is the only drainage point currently completed on the reservoir.
This solution provides a cost effective and efficient way to increasing production and reserves at minimal expenditure leveraging on multi-disciplinary expertise, using existing infrastructures as well as resolving community crisis, where applicable.
Mapping Relevant Petroleum Engineering Skillsets for the Transition to Renewable Energy and Sustainable Energy
Authors: Okoroafor Esuru Rita , Offor Chinyere Princess , Prince Ekeoma Isaac 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the last century, the global energy mix has been primarily dominated by fossil fuels. However, commitments to tackling climate change have accelerated the conversations on transitioning to a lower-carbon future. This is beginning to influence governmental policies, investors' and shareholders interests, workforce preferences, academic curriculum adaptations, and student choices. Given the coordinated approach from government, industry, and academia necessary to facilitate this transition, it becomes increasingly essential to map the relevant skillsets for the energy transition. This paper aimed to identify the skill sets oil and gas students and professionals have that will be relevant in advancing a renewable and sustainable energy future. The study focused on students and professionals within Nigeria to address the conditions unique to the country and other fossil-fuel-dependent developing and emerging countries.
First, a survey was conducted on students and young professionals to identify the knowledge gap in clean energy technologies and digitalization technologies. Subsequently, the skills oil and gas professionals have were mapped with the different renewable and sustainable energy technologies to identify overlaps between the oil and gas industry and low-carbon energy technologies.
The results showed that the technical competencies of oil and gas industry professionals were most relevant in carbon storage, hydrogen storage, and geothermal energy. On the other hand, non-core oil and gas competencies such as project management, HSE (health, safety, and environment), and business development skills, cut across all low carbon technologies. These competencies appeared to be more relevant for renewable energy resources like solar, wind, and hydropower. Data science and digital skills cut across all the new energy technologies. The main deliverables of this study were a skillset map and a progressive curriculum that embraces digitalization, entrepreneurship, and clean energy technologies.
This study provides a skillset map where students and professionals can identify their competency gaps for renewable and sustainable energy technologies. This will enable them (and organizations) to know how to develop upskilling and reskilling strategies and provide academia with insights on how to modify the current oil and gas engineering curriculum in universities. Although the paper drew on data-driven insights within Nigeria, the findings apply to schools and organizations globally.
Cost Optimization by Designing an Ultra-Slim Horizontal Well in the Niger Delta – The Eremor Field Case Study
Authors: Okoli Ugo' , Okwa Hope , Adebayo Segun , Mkpong Ifiok 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Oil price volatility is one of the major drivers, which drive the decision of Operators to drill oil wells to further develop oil fields. A more significant constraint, which deals a huge blow on the Marginal Field Operators in the Niger Delta is the huge and ‘unavailable’ CAPEX associated to the delivery of these wells.
This paper elucidates how ‘detailed’ well design and optimization were used to design and deliver two swamp wells for a Marginal Field operator in the Niger Delta. With the application of detailed engineering and optimization processes, the well costs were reduced by over 50%.
The wells were initially designed, and to be delivered for circa $13MM per well, which is the P50 cost of drilling Swamp wells in the Niger Delta. However, post design optimization, the wells were designed and delivered for circa 6.5MM per Well.
The paper also details the drilling execution methods put in place to ensure that the wells designed were delivered efficiently.
Condensate Well Production Optimisation in Oredo Field Using Simulated Surface Proportional Integral Derivative Controller, Downhole Transmitter and Wellhead/Bottomhole Chokes
Authors: Dala Joshua , Akanji Lateef , Bello Kelani , Olafuyi Olalekan , Jadhawar Prashant 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A method of optimising gas production from condensate well in Oredo field by simulating surface proportional integral derivative controller, downhole transmitter, wellhead and bottomhole chokes is presented. This method overcomes the potential risk of high backpressure imposed on the production tubing by manual choking or other control solutions using wellhead valve. Firstly, a model of Oredo well O7 is constructed with a closed node constituting the reservoir unit and a surface pressure node on the wellhead. An automated pressure integral derivative controller that senses and controls the bottomhole flowing pressure by actuating the wellhead choke is then installed at the wellhead. Measurement input to the auto-controller is delivered via an insitu transmitter. This design approach is successfully applied to the well O7 model through a commercial multiphase simulator on well models and provides a condensate banking monitoring mechanisms with improved production output.
The habit, choice, intention, and perception of raw beef consumers on raw beef-eating: the health risk management perspective
Authors: Gebeyehu Daniel Teshome , Alemu Biruk , Belete Gemechu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Apart from its nutritive value, meat is one of the substances for the transmission of pathogenic micro-organisms to consumers and the raw beef eating habit of Ethiopians can create a favourable condition for the transmission of pathogens from contaminated meat to raw beef consumers. The face-to-face interview of raw beef consumers was done using a structured questionnaire and 570 total samples were collected. A considerable number (74%) of raw beef consumers had favourable food choice; 85% of the raw beef consumers had favourable intentions to stop their raw beef eating habit, and 67% of them had an unfavourable perception of the safety of raw beef-eating. In conclusion, the study showed that raw beef consumers were not aware of the health risks of raw beef-eating. As a result, urgent sensitization intervention is required to shift the raw beef consumers from unhealthy eating habits to prudent (processed) eating practices.
Adapting to Climate Risks through Cross-Border Investments: Industrial Vulnerability and Smart City Resilience
Authors: An Yao , Liu Ning , Zheng Huanhuan , Zhang Lin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Climate change entails potential risks for investors, and its effects on investment has spread beyond physical borders. This study investigates how multinational corporations (MNCs) incorporate climate risks into their decisions regarding foreign direct investments (FDIs). We find that large differences in the climate risks of home and host cities discourages FDI by increasing cross-border adaptation costs. Such impacts are particularly pronounced among environmentally sensitive industries that are more exposed to climate risks. Further analysis reveals that city-based smartness factors mitigate the negative impacts of climate risk differences on FDI by reducing adaptation costs and engendering new business opportunities. This study provides new evidence on the profound effects of climate risks on FDI and how smart cities can increase their resilience to climate risks in the context of international business.
General Improvements versus Interruptive or Non-interruptive Alerts in the Blood Order Set: study protocol for a randomized control trial to improve packed red blood cell utilization
Authors: Mistry Neelam , Richardson Vanessa , Carey Evan , Porter Samuel , Pincus Sharon , Novins-Montague Sylvie , Elmer Megan , Lin Chen-Tan , Ho P Michael , Anstett Tyler 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
BackgroundBlood transfusions can serve as a life-saving treatment for patients, though inappropriate blood product transfusions can result in patient harm and excess costs for health systems. Despite published evidence supporting restricted packed red blood cell (pRBC) usage, many providers transfuse outside of guidelines. Here we report a novel prospective, randomized control trial to increase guideline-concordant pRBC transfusions comparing three variations of clinical decision support (CDS) in the electronic health record (EHR). MethodsAll inpatient providers at University of Colorado Hospital (UCH) who order blood transfusions are randomized in a 1:1:1 fashion to the three arms of the study: (1) general order set improvements; (2) general order set improvements plus non-interruptive in-line help text alert; (3) general order set improvements plus interruptive alert. Transfusing providers receive their same randomized order set changes for 18 months. The primary outcome of this study is a comparison is between the group using the new interface (arm 1) versus the two groups using the new interface with interruptive or non-interruptive alerts (arms 2 and 3, combined). The secondary outcomes compare guideline-concordant transfusion rate between arm 2 and arm 3 as well as comparing all of arms of the study in aggregate to historical controls. This trial is ongoing.DiscussionCDS tools can increase guideline concordant behavior. This trial will examine three different CDS tools to determine which type is most effective at increasing guideline concordant blood transfusions. Trial registration: Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov 3/20/21, NCT04823273, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04823273. Approved by University of Colorado Institutional Review Board (19-0918).
An investigation of the creation of localized silicon quantum dots deposited on etched Si substrate by aggressive laser –assisted etching pathway
Authors: Rashid Rasha B , Alwan Alwan M. , Mohammed Mohammed S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The current work discusses the deposition of localized silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) layer on etched Si substrate by aggressive laser– assisted etching pathway. The effect of elevated laser power density of (200, 300, 400 and 500 mW/cm 2 ) was investigated for SiQDs substrate by employing a short wavelength (530 nm) laser diode and a current density of 60mA/cm 2 . The structural and photoluminescence PL properties of the localized SiQDs and the horizontally oriented Si nano pillars-like structures of the synthesized layer were studied via the analysis of (FESEM) images, (XRD) patterns and PL spectra. The achieved results revealed a simple, easy and well-organized pathway for creating localized SiQDs layer by controlling the heating effect of the elevated laser power density. The histogram of dimensions and surface density of SiQDs within the deposited layer synthesized with 400 and 500 mW/cm 2 laser power density showed unique characteristics of high SiQDs surface density; owing to the maximum heat accumulation inside the laser substrate interaction area and the low tendency of probability of collapsing the dots. PL properties showed that laser power density has, specifically, modified the PL properties of the localized SiQDs by narrowing and increasing the PL intensity.
Comparative study of rainfall measurement by optical disdrometer, tipping-bucket rain gauge, and weighing precipitation gauge
Authors: Ro Yonghun , Chang Ki-Ho , Hwang Hyunjun , Kim Minhoo , Cha Joo-Wan , Lee Chulkyu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, the rainfall measurement characteristics of an optical Particle Size Velocity (Parsivel) disdrometer, tipping-bucket rain gauge (TBG), and Pluvio weighing precipitation gauge (WPG) were analyzed and compared. Correlation analysis was performed between the 10-min and 1-h rainfall data observed with the Parsivel, TBG, and Pluvio from 2010 to 2019 at the Cloud Physics Observation Site which is located in north-east area of South Korea (N37.6869, E128.7586). At higher rainfall intensities, the Parsivel observed more rainfall; however, the TBG lost more rainfall during observation. The correlation between the Pluvio and Parsivel data was higher than that between the TBG and Parsivel data. Additionally, the Pluvio showed reduced loss in the rainfall observation than that by the TBG. The correlation between the Pluvio and TBG data was the highest, and the coefficient of determination increased by a maximum of 42.08% for 1-h rainfall compared to that for 10-min rainfall. Therefore, the Pluvio can generate relatively accurate rainfall data for water resource utilization.
Empirical evaluation of internal validation methods for prediction in large-scale clinical data with rare-event outcomes: a case study in suicide risk prediction
Authors: Coley Yates , Liao Qinqing , Simon Noah , Shortreed Susan M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: There is increasing interest in clinical prediction models for rare outcomes such as suicide, psychiatric hospitalizations, and opioid overdose. Accurate model validation is needed to guide model selection and decisions about whether and how prediction models should be used. Split-sample estimation and validation of clinical prediction models, in which data are divided into training and testing sets, may reduce predictive accuracy and precision of validation. Using all data for estimation and validation increases sample size for both procedures, but validation must account for overfitting, or optimism. Our study compared split-sample and entire-sample methods for estimating and validating a suicide prediction model. Methods: We compared performance of random forest models estimated in a sample of 9,610,318 mental health visits (“entire-sample”) and in a 50% subset (“split-sample”) as evaluated in a prospective validation sample of 3,754,137 visits. We assessed optimism of three internal validation approaches: for the split-sample prediction model, validation in the held-out testing set and, for the entire-sample model, cross-validation and bootstrap optimism correction.Results: The split-sample and entire-sample prediction models showed similar prospective performance; the area under the curve, AUC, and 95% confidence interval was 0.81 (0.77-0.85) for both. Performance estimates evaluated in the testing set for the split-sample model (AUC=0.85 [0.82-0.87]) and via cross-validation for the entire-sample model (AUC=0.83 [0.81-0.85]) accurately reflected prospective performance. Validation of the entire-sample model with bootstrap optimism correction overestimated prospective performance (AUC=0.88 [0.86-0.89]). Measures of classification accuracy, including sensitivity and positive predictive value at the 99th, 95th, 90th, and 75th percentiles of the risk score distribution, indicated similar conclusions: bootstrap optimism correction overestimated classification accuracy in the prospective validation set.Conclusions: While previous literature demonstrated the validity of bootstrap optimism correction for parametric models in small samples, this approach did not accurately validate performance of a rare-event prediction model estimated with random forests in a large clinical dataset. Cross-validation of prediction models estimated with all available data provides accurate independent validation while maximizing sample size.
Badland erosion susceptibility mapping using machine-learning data mining techniques, Firozkuh watershed, Iran
Authors: Mohammady Majid 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Badlands are usually fluvial, with dissected V-shaped valleys, short steep slopes, and high drainage density, and results from a very important type of erosion that develops due to a complex interaction of conditioning factors, including climatic, hydrologic, geologic and soil properties, topographic characteristics, and land use. The main goals of this study were 1) create badland susceptibility maps of the Firozkuh watershed and five machine learning algorithms (models)—functional discriminant analysis (FDA), generalized linear model (GLM), mixture discriminant analysis (MDA), multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) and support vector machine (SVM); and 2) compare the accuracy of these models. Sixteen conditioning factors were chosen to model and classify badland susceptibility based on a literature review, data availability, and field surveys. Model accuracy was assessed using ROC curve and AUC analyses. The analyses showed that SVM was "excellent", MARS was "very good", MDA was "good", and GLM and FDA were "moderate" in classification accuracy. The land area of the very high and high classes ranged from 31–51% of the Firozkuh watershed for the GLM and SVM models, respectively. This indicates that badland erosion is a very important problem in the study area. Climatic, hydrologic, geologic, topographic and soil conditions as well as land use changes renders the Firozkuh watershed prone to badland formation and soil erosion which results in substantial socio-economic losses. Badland susceptibility mapping is an important tool that can be used to improve managing future badland erosion in the Firozkuh watershed and other areas affected by badland erosion.
Effect of prebiotic oligosaccharides on bowel habit and the gut microbiota in children with functional constipation (Inside study): study protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled, multi-centre trial.
Authors: Wegh Carrie A.M. , Schoterman Margriet H.C. , Vaughan Elaine E. , Smidt Hauke , Belzer Clara , Benninga Marc A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Functional constipation (FC) in children is a common gastrointestinal disorder with a worldwide pooled prevalence of 9.5%. Complaints include infrequent bowel movements, painful defecation due to hard and/or large stools, faecal incontinence, and abdominal pain. Prebiotic oligosaccharides have been shown to relieve constipation symptoms in young adults and elderly. However, sufficient evidence is lacking linking additional prebiotic intake to improve symptoms in children with FC. We hypothesise that prebiotic oligosaccharides are able to relieve symptoms of constipation in young children as well.
Methods
In the present randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-centre study, we will study the effects of two prebiotic oligosaccharides in comparison to a placebo on constipation symptoms in children of 1–5 years (12 to 60 months) of age diagnosed with FC according to the Rome IV criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders. The primary outcome measure will be change in stool consistency. Secondary outcomes include stool frequency and stool consistency in number of cases (%). Tertiary outcomes include among others painful defecation, use of rescue medication, and quality of life; In addition the impact on gut microbiome outcomes such as faecal microbiota composition and metabolites will be investigated. Participants start with a run-in period, after which they will receive supplements delivered in tins with scoops for eight weeks, containing one of the two prebiotic oligosaccharides or placebo, followed by a 4-week wash-out period.
Discussion
This randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled multi-centre study will investigate the effectiveness of prebiotic oligosaccharides in children aged 1–5 years with FC.
Trial registration
: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04282551.
Efficacy and safety of neostigmine on treating gastrointestinal dysmotility in severe acute pancreatitis patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Sun Han , Sheng Yaqi , Du Tiekuan , Zhu Huadong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
BackgroundAcute pancreatitis is a serious threat to human health and gastrointestinal dysmotility is a common complication for acute pancreatitis patients, resulting in delayed feeding, oral feeding intolerance, paralytic ileus and abdominal compartment syndrome. Currently, there are limited treatment for this complication.Neostigmine is known to increase gastrointestinal motility and has been used to treat gastrointestinal dysmotility after surgery. However, research in treating acute pancreatitis with neostigmine is currently limited.MethodsThis trial is a randomized, placebo-controlled, mono-centric trial that will test the hypothesis that neostigmine can improve gastrointestinal motility in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Up to 56 patients will be randomized in this study receiving 0.5mg/1ml of neostigmine methylsulfate injection twice per day or 1ml of saline injection twice per day. Defection time (aim 1), borborygmus and intra-abdominal pressure (aim 2), and length of ICU and hospital stay (aim 3) will be assessed.DiscussionFindings from this study will provide data supporting the usage of neostigmine for treating severe acute pancreatitis patients with gastrointestinal dysmotility.Trial registrationThis study is registered on chictr.org.cn with the identifier as ChiCTR2200058305. Registered on April 5, 2022.