bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of exact exchange in the structural and electronic properties of the α and γ phases of cerium: a density functional theory study
Authors: Liu Yu , Ren Xinguo , Geng Huayun , Chen Mohan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Modeling the α–γ isostructural phase transition of cerium (Ce) within the framework of density functional theory is challenging because the 4f electron in Ce is difficult to characterize. The use of a fraction of exact exchange in the hybrid functional (2012 Phys. Rev. Lett.
109 146402) predicts the existence of the α and γ phases but their relative energy is inconsistent with the experiments. In fact, the role of exact exchange in affecting properties of the α and γ phases has not been well investigated. In this regard, we choose a variable amount of exact exchange (0.05–0.4) and systematically explore the properties of the α and γ phases of Ce including cohesive energies, lattice constants, bulk moduli, magnetic moments, and 4f electron numbers. Notably, a small portion of exact exchange close to 0.1 yields an accurate description of these properties, in particular the predicted relative energy between the α and γ phases agrees with the experiment. We further analyze the density of states, partial density of states, band structures and electron densities of the two phases. We observe that the exact exchange substantially affects the γ phase by localizing the 4f electrons, while it tends to delocalize the electrons in the α phase. Our work provides deep insights into the structural and electronic properties of the α and γ phases of Ce by elucidating the role of exact exchange in hybrid functional calculations.
Constraints on cosmic birefringence using E-mode polarisation
Authors: Abghari Arefe , Sullivan Raelyn M. , Hergt Lukas T. , Scott Douglas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A birefringent universe could show itself through a rotation of the plane of polarisation of the cosmic microwave background photons. This is usually investigated using polarisation B modes. Here we point out an independent method for extracting the birefringence angle using only temperature and E-mode signals. We forecast that, with an ideal cosmic-variance-limited experiment, we could constrain a birefringence angle of 0.3° with 3σ statistical significance, which is close to the current constraints using B modes. We explore how this method is affected by the systematic errors introduced by the polarisation efficiency. In the future, this could provide an additional way of checking any claimed B-mode derived birefringence signature.
Constraining the γ-Ray Emission Region for Fermi-detected FSRQs by the Seed Photon Approach
Authors: Huang Danyi , Li Ziyan , Liao Jiru , Huang Xiulin , Li Chengfeng , Qian Yanjun , Pei Zhiyuan , Fan Junhui 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The location of γ-ray-emitting region in blazars has been an open issue for several decades and is still being debated. We use the Paliya et al. sample of 619 γ-ray-loud flat-spectrum radio quasars with available spectral energy distributions and employ a seed photon factor approach to locate the γ-ray production region. This method efficiently sets up a relation between the peak frequencies and luminosities for the synchrotron emission and inverse Compton scattering, together with a combination of the energy density and characteristic energy for the external seed photon field, namely,

U

0

/

ϵ

0

, an indicative factor of seed photons in units of Gauss. By comparing it with canonical values of the broad-line region (BLR) and molecular dusty torus (DT), we principally ascertain that the GeV emission originated far beyond the BLR and close to the DT—farther out at parsec scales from the central black hole, which supports a far-site scenario for γ-ray blazars. We probe the idea that inverse Compton scattering of infrared seed photons is happening in the Thomson regime. This approach and our findings are based on the validity of the external Compton model, which is applicable in understanding the GeV emission mechanism in FSRQs. However, the completeness of this framework has been challenged by reports of neutrino emission from blazars. Thus, we also shed new light on the neutrino production region by using our derived results because blazars are promising neutrino emitters.
TANSPEC: TIFR-ARIES Near-infrared Spectrometer
Authors: Sharma Saurabh , Ojha Devendra K. , Ghosh Arpan , Ninan Joe P. , Ghosh Supriyo , Ghosh Swarna K. , Manoj P. , Naik Milind B. , D’Costa Savio L. A. , Krishna Reddy B. , Nanjappa Nandish , Pandey Rakesh , Sinha Tirthendu , Panwar Neelam , Antony Susmitha , Kaur Harmeen , Sahu Sanjit , Bangia Tarun , Poojary Satheesha S. , Jadhav Rajesh B. , Bhagat Shailesh B. , Meshram Ganesh S. , Shah Harshit , Rayner John T. , Toomey Douglas W. , Sandimani and Pradeep R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present the design and performance of the TANSPEC, a medium-resolution 0.55–2.5 μm cryogenic spectrometer and imager, now in operation at the 3.6 m Devasthal Optical Telescope (DOT), Nainital, India. The TANSPEC provides three modes of operation, which include photometry with broad- and narrowband filters, spectroscopy with short slits of 20″ length and different widths (from 0.″5 to 4.″0) in cross-dispersed mode at a resolving power R of ∼2750, and spectroscopy with long slits of 60″ length and different widths (from 0.″5 to 4.″0) in prism mode at a resolving power R of ∼100–350. TANSPEC’s imager mode provides a field of view of 60″ × 60″ with a plate scale of 0.″245 pixel−1 on the 3.6 m DOT. The TANSPEC was successfully commissioned during 2019 April–May, and the subsequent characterization and astronomical observations are presented here. The TANSPEC was made available to the worldwide astronomical community for science observations from 2020 October.
Gender Disparity in Publishing Six Months after the KITP Workshop Probes of Transport in Stars
Authors: Joyce Meridith , Tayar Jamie , Lecoanet Daniel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Conferences and workshops shape scientific discourse. The Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP) hosts long-term workshops to stimulate scientific collaboration that would not otherwise have taken place. One goal of KITP programs is to increase diversity in the next generation of scientists. In this analysis, we examine gender trends in the authorship of papers that have been generated as a result of the KITP program Probes of Transport in Stars, which ran from 2021 October 11th to 2021 December 17th. While 38% of workshop participants were women, only 19% of publications produced between 2021 December 1st and 2022 June 3rd had female first-authors. Furthermore, of these early publications, 61% had all-male author lists. Among publications resulting from the KITP program, the proportions of both male first-author papers and papers with all-male author lists are higher than predicted by models that take into account the gender distribution of the KITP participants. These results motivate more thorough investigations of collaboration networks at scientific conferences and workshops. Importantly, they also suggest that programs, conferences, and workshops of any kind need to take steps beyond those implemented in this KITP program to enable more diverse collaborations and address gender disparities in science.
Level structure of the double-shell closure system with Z = 14 and N = 20: 34Si*
Authors: Moon Chang-Bum , Yuan Cenxi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The level structure of the double-magic nucleus 34Si (Z = 14, N = 20) was investigated by evaluating the available data. On the basis of experimental results from the beta-decay and fusion-evaporation reactions, we established the level scheme by assigning spin-parities up to 61
+ at 6233 keV. The high energy positions of the excited states are consistent with the magicity at 34Si, such as the 22
+ state of the spherical ground band at 4.519 MeV and the 3-, 4-, and 5- states of the one-particle one-hole cross-shell states at approximately 4.5 MeV. This nucleus, for a long time, has attracted much attention because of, on one side, a proton bubble structure in the ground state and, on the other side, a deformation in the second 0+ state, 02
+. By a comparison of the constructed level scheme with the shell model calculations, we describe the emerging structures in the ground and second 0+ states and the negative-parity 3- states within the framework of the shell model context. We propose a deformed rotational band with the cascading 62
+ − 41
+ − 21
+ transitions built on the 02
+ state.
Measuring the isotope effect on the gross beryllium erosion in JET
Authors: de la Cal E. , Borodin D. , Borodkina I. , Douai D. , Pawelec E. , Shaw A. , Silburn S. , Balboa I. , Brezinsek S. , Carvalho P. , Dittmar T. , Huber A. , Huber V. , Karhunen J. , Losada U. , Manzanares A. , Romazanov J. , Tookey A. , Contributors JET 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The isotope effect, hydrogen (H) versus deuterium (D), on the gross beryllium (Be) erosion yield has been measured in ohmic limiter plasmas in JET tokamak by spectroscopic means. A simplified method to extract the effective sputtering yield from the quotient of the radiances of the D
α
or D
γ
and the Be II lines at 527 nm was applied. A clear isotope effect has been found, the erosion yield of D being about a factor of 2 larger compared to H in the whole explored plasma density range. This is in agreement with physical sputtering data obtained with H+ and D+ ion beams and also with material surface computer simulations. The already published contribution of chemically assisted physical sputtering has been also identified here. Currently the study is being extended to tritium (T) and D–T plasmas and the effect of helium mixtures.
100 megahertz-rate ultrahigh-speed digital holography instrument
Authors: Mansoor M.M. , George J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This work presents the development of an ultrahigh-speed
digital holography instrument that can perform volumetric
measurements at a rate of up to 100 million frames per second. The
system is based on an Ultra 8 camera that uses a single custom-built
image intensifier with a segmented photocathode that can gate eight
different imaging regions down to 10 ns. An in-line interferometric
scheme is used to capture the deformation of a water drop as it is
photoablated from irradiation by a 1064 nm wavelength pulsed laser
beam. After a digital holographic video is captured, wavefront
reconstruction is used to focus on discrete depth planes enabling
the user to observe different 3-dimensional features of the drop as
the field-of-view is scanned plane-by-plane. The reconstructions are
detwinned and corrected for parallax and alignment error before a
final image at any given depth is produced. We provide one-to-one
comparisons between conventional focused imaging and digital
holography to demonstrate the 3-dimensional visualization
capabilities of the instrument with particular regard to dynamic
events occurring at nanosecond time intervals for future
applications to hypersonic flows and other short and ultrashort
duration events.
Neutrino oscillation parameter determination at INO-ICAL using track and hit information from GEANT
Authors: Datta Jaydeep , Singh Bana , Uma Sankar S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We study the capability of INO-ICAL to determine the
neutrino oscillation parameters |ΔM
2
31| and
sin2
θ
23. We do not use any generator level
information. Instead, we process the generated atmospheric neutrino
events through GEANT4 simulation of the detector and the event
reconstruction framework. Among the outputs of this framework, only
the momentum and direction of the longest track were used in a
previous study by other authors. In this study, in addition to
these two variables, we consider a third variable based on
additional hits, which arise due to hadrons in the event. We show
that the inclusion of this variable leads to a 30% reduction in
the uncertainty of |ΔM
2
31| for a 5-year run of ICAL. We
find that doubling the exposure time leads to an additional 30%
reduction in the uncertainties of both |ΔM
2
31| and
sin2
θ
23.
Performance evaluation of aeronautical uplink/downlink free-space optical communication system with adaptive optics over gamma–gamma turbulence channel
Authors: Gökçe Muhsin Caner , Ata Yalçın , Baykal Yahya 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, we analyze the effect of adaptive optics corrections on the performance of an aeronautical free-space optical (FSO) system with bidirectional slant path uplink and downlink communication channels. The aeronautical FSO communication (FSOC) system operates in a gamma–gamma atmospheric turbulence channel and employs adaptive optics corrections for the distorted wave front of the Gaussian beam wave. The modulation type of the aeronautical FSOC system is chosen to be M-ary phase-shift-keying-subcarrier intensity modulation and the type of the employed photodetector is positive-intrinsic-negative. In analysis, the effect of system parameters such as zenith angle, the height of transmitter/receiver on the ground, M-ary level, filter bandwidth, link distance, and the adaptive optics correction modes on bit-error-rate are demonstrated.
Relationship between entanglement and polarization in tripartite states
Authors: Montenegro La Torre C R M , Yugra Y , De Zela F 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Entanglement and polarization of pure, two-qubit systems are known to be constrained by the relationship

C
2

+

P
2

=
1

. Here, C stands for concurrence, a standard measure of entanglement, and P refers to the degree of polarization of either of the two, single-qubit subsystems. The above constraint may be understood as reflecting that a system cannot be in a pure state, if it is entangled with another one. In order to explore the connection between entanglement and polarization beyond two-qubit systems, we addressed states in which at least one of the parties has dimensionality greater than two. The case of pure, tripartite states offered itself as a timely candidate. We focussed on three qubits and studied the connection between one qubit’s polarization and its entanglement with the other two taken together. We derived new constraints, akin to the above one, and submitted them to experimental tests using single photons entangled in polarization. The latter provided two qubits, each one attached to one photon. The third qubit was chosen to be the path (momentum) of one of the photons. Our experimental results confirmed the validity of the new constraints. Our theoretical results hold also for classical light. Possible experimental tests could be done with so-called structured light beams.
Weedy and seedy: the rapid evolution of life-history characteristics in an introduced daisy
Authors: Brandenburger Claire R , Maslen Ben , Sherwin William B , Moles Angela T 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDespite the importance of life-history characteristics in determining a species’ success, we still lack basic information about some fundamental life-history elements found across the life cycle of introduced plants. Our study assesses rapid evolutionary divergence in life-history characteristics of the beach daisy Arctotheca populifolia by comparing introduced Australian and source South African plants and measuring eight key variables including seed mass, germination, reproductive output and survival. This is the first study that compares the life history of an introduced plant species with its single original source population, providing a precise and powerful method for detecting evolutionary divergence. We found that introduced A. populifolia has evolved a suite of weedy life-history characteristics in less than 90 years: the introduced plants use a live-fast die-young strategy of germination and survival and produce significantly more inflorescences and more seeds that germinate faster. This knowledge adds to the remarkable data that we already have on the rapid evolutionary divergence occurring in the morphology, physiology and defence of this introduced plant and highlights the speed and scope of evolutionary divergence possible in plants. To fully understand and manage the future of our plant species, we must consider their potential for ongoing change in key aspects of life history.
Mini Review on Forced Degradation Studies on Anti-Epileptic Drugs and Beyond
Authors: Adhikari Rudra Prasad , Mohamed Sheik Tharik A , Meyyanathan S N 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this review on the forced degradation studies on anti-epileptic drugs and the development of validated stability-indicating assay methods for drug substances and products at a condition more severe than accelerated condition (i.e. 40 ± 2°C, 75 ± 5% relative humidity), the drug substance and drug product undergo degradation is known as forced or stress degradation. To know about the impurities developed during the storage of drug products in various environmental conditions. The limit of degradation allowable is 5–20%. More than 20% of degradation is abnormal and must be investigated. Any regulatory guidelines do not mention the pH conditions for acid or base hydrolysis, the temperature for thermal degradation or the concentration of the oxidation agent. Only International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines Q1B photostability stability and states that light sources must be a combination of UV and visible light. The shortcomings of mentioned techniques with appreciation to regulatory necessities are highlighted. A systematic method for the forced degradation studies on anti-epileptic drugs such as “Topiramate, Vigabatrin, Lacosamide, Tiagabine, Levetiracetam and Zonisamide” is discussed. This review helps researchers to get an idea about stability-indicating methods of development and validation for newer antiepileptic drugs and the characteristics of drug products that degrade under specific degradation conditions.
Left bundle branch area pacing outcomes: the multicentre European MELOS study
Authors: Jastrzębski Marek , Kiełbasa Grzegorz , Cano Oscar , Curila Karol , Heckman Luuk , De Pooter Jan , Chovanec Milan , Rademakers Leonard , Huybrechts Wim , Grieco Domenico , Whinnett Zachary I , Timmer Stefan A J , Elvan Arif , Stros Petr , Moskal Paweł , Burri Haran , Zanon Francesco , Vernooy Kevin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
Permanent transseptal left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) is a promising new pacing method for both bradyarrhythmia and heart failure indications. However, data regarding safety, feasibility and capture type are limited to relatively small, usually single centre studies. In this large multicentre international collaboration, outcomes of LBBAP were evaluated.

Methods and results
This is a registry-based observational study that included patients in whom LBBAP device implantation was attempted at 14 European centres, for any indication. The study comprised 2533 patients (mean age 73.9 years, female 57.6%, heart failure 27.5%). LBBAP lead implantation success rate for bradyarrhythmia and heart failure indications was 92.4% and 82.2%, respectively. The learning curve was steepest for the initial 110 cases and plateaued after 250 cases. Independent predictors of LBBAP lead implantation failure were heart failure, broad baseline QRS and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter. The predominant LBBAP capture type was left bundle fascicular capture (69.5%), followed by left ventricular septal capture (21.5%) and proximal left bundle branch capture (9%). Capture threshold (0.77 V) and sensing (10.6 mV) were stable during mean follow-up of 6.4 months. The complication rate was 11.7%. Complications specific to the ventricular transseptal route of the pacing lead occurred in 209 patients (8.3%).

Conclusions
LBBAP is feasible as a primary pacing technique for both bradyarrhythmia and heart failure indications. Success rate in heart failure patients and safety need to be improved. For wider use of LBBAP, randomized trials are necessary to assess clinical outcomes.
Genomic insights into the emergence and spread of NDM-1-producing Vibrio spp. isolates in China
Authors: Zheng Zhiwei , Xu Yating , Ye Lianwei , Chan Edward Wai Chi , Chen Sheng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Carbapenemase-producing Vibrio spp., which exhibit an XDR phenotype, have become increasingly prevalent and pose a severe threat to public health.

Objectives
To investigate the genetic characteristics of NDM-1-producing Vibrio spp. isolates and the dissemination mechanisms of blaNDM-1 in Vibrio.

Methods
A total of 1363 non-duplicate Vibrio spp. isolates collected from shrimp samples in China were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests and screened for blaNDM-1. The blaNDM-1-positive isolates were further characterized by PFGE, MLST, conjugation and WGS using Illumina and Nanopore platforms. Plasmid stability and fitness cost were assessed using Escherichia coli J53, Klebsiella pneumoniae Kpt80 and Salmonella spp. SA2051 as recipient strains.

Results
In total, 13 blaNDM-1-positive isolates were identified, all exhibiting MDR. WGS analysis revealed that the 13 blaNDM-1 genes were all associated with a derivative of Tn125. Plasmid analysis revealed that six blaNDM-1 genes were located in IncC plasmids and the other seven were carried by plasmids of two different novel types. Conjugation and plasmid stability assays showed that only the IncC plasmids could be transferred to all the recipient strains and could be stably maintained in the hosts.

Conclusions
The emergence of the novel plasmids has contributed to the variable genetic contexts of blaNDM-1 in Vibrio spp. and IncC plasmids harbouring the blaNDM-1 gene could facilitate the spread of such genes between Vibrio spp. and other zoonotic pathogens, leading to a rapid dissemination of blaNDM-1 in bacterial pathogens worldwide.
Using Surrogate Insects in Acid Bioassays for Development of New Controls for Varroa destructor (Arachnida: Varroidae)
Authors: Vieira Julia J , Johnson Casey L , Varkonyi Elizabeth M , Ginsberg Howard S , Picard Kassie L , Kiesewetter Matthew K , Alm Steven R 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Resistance to traditional synthetic compounds by Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman and shortcomings of the organic acid class of acaracides commonly used in varroa management requires continual development of new controls. V. destructor, however, are difficult to obtain for use in control bioassays because they are obligate parasites that cannot be easily reared outside of a honey bee colony. We conducted bioassays using other, more easily obtainable species to find organisms that could be used as surrogates for V. destructor when testing new potential controls. We compared the toxicities of acetic acid, lactic acid, formic acid, and oxalic acid at 0.005%, 0.05%, 0.5%, 5%, and 50% (20% oxalic acid only) concentrations based on natural volatility (nonheated) for the control of two beetle species, Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. and Alphitobius diaperinus Panzer, greater wax moth larvae, Galleria mellonella L., and V. destructor. The assay results were consistent across all species with formic acid and acetic acid showing 100% mortality of all four test species at 50% concentration. The assays also provided insight into the method of application (vaporization or contact) needed to cause mortality. Our results show that other organisms can be used in place of V. destructor for initial testing of acids and possibly other chemicals for control of the ectoparasite.