bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geological architecture and history of the Antigua volcano and carbonate platform: Was there an Oligo−Miocene lull in Lesser Antilles arc magmatism?
Authors: Montheil Leny , Philippon Mélody , Cornée Jean-Jacques , BouDagher-Fadel Marcelle , van Hinsbergen Douwe J.J. , Camps Pierre , Maffione Marco , Audemard Franck , Brons Brechtje , Van der Looij Koen J.R. , Münch Philippe 
Published: October 2022

Since the acceptance of plate tectonics, the presence of calc-alkaline magmatic rocks has been recognized as evidence of subduction. But under specific geodynamic circumstances, subduction may occur without generating magmas. Here, we investigate the Cenozoic northern Lesser Antilles arc where, from sparsely exposed magmatic records, Eocene−Oligocene and Pliocene magmatic flare-ups and a Miocene lull were postulated. Nevertheless, most of the arc is submarine, so it is challenging to discern lulls and flare-ups from sampling bias. We review the magmatic evidence exposed onshore in the Lesser Antilles and investigate in detail the island of Antigua, which exposes an Eocene to Miocene volcanic sequence and platform carbonate series that coincide with the postulated lull. By combining lithostratigraphic analysis, structural mapping, 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, and biostratigraphy, we refine the magmatic history of the island and date the arrest of extensive arc magmatism at 35 Ma, with minor activity until 27 Ma. No magmatic products are interleaved with the platform sequence until the latest Oligocene, which confirms a lull in northern Lesser Antilles arc magmatism that may have lasted ca. 20 Ma. Flare-up of magmatic activity contributed to crustal thickening and land emersion, whereas magmatic lulls and related thermal cooling induced subsidence/submersion. Thus, we propose that the paleo-(bio)-geographical evolution of the eastern Caribbean region has been partly controlled by magmatic activity.
Fault kinematic analysis, along with anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, suggest that, at the island scale, magmatic arrest is not associated with a change in stress field during the Oligocene. We speculate that slab flattening triggered by progressive curvature played a role in the temporal shutdown of the northern Lesser Antilles arc.
Anatomical challenge: a rare coexistence of caecal cancer and isolated duodenal malrotation
Authors: Sekioka Akinori , Tsuboi Kunihiko , Shono Yoko , Adachi Yukito 
Published: October 2022

Intestinal malrotation is a congenital anomaly, treated mostly during childhood. A small number of cases are incidentally found in adulthood, during operation for other abdominal diseases, such as colon cancer.Here, we present a case of caecal cancer with isolated duodenal malrotation, a subtype of intestinal malrotation, discovered incidentally during the operation for the cancer. Although the anatomical abnormality made the operation more complicated, laparoscopic resection was safely performed with oncologically adequate lymphadenectomy, owing to intraoperative confirmation of anatomy and careful dissection.
Learning curves and association of pathologist’s performance with the diagnostic accuracy of linear endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA): a cohort study in a tertiary care reference centre
Authors: Flandes Javier , Giraldo-Cadavid Luis Fernando , Perez-Warnisher Maria Teresa , Gimenez Andres , Fernandez-Navamuel Iker , Alfayate Javier , Naya Alba , Carballosa Pilar , Cabezas Elena , Alvarez Susana , Uribe-Hernandez Ana Maria , Seijo Luis 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesWe aimed to assess the learning curves and the influence of the pathologist’s performance on the endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration’s (EBUS-TBNA’s) diagnostic accuracy in a real-world study.Design/settingCohort study conducted in a tertiary care university hospital (single centre) with patients referred for EBUS-TBNA.Participants/interventionWe initially evaluated 376 patients (673 lymph nodes), 368 (660 lymph nodes) of whom were recruited. The inclusion criterion was EBUS-TBNA indicated for the study of mediastinal or hilar lesions. The exclusion criteria were the absence of mediastinal and hilar lesions during EBUS confirmed by a normal mediastinum and hilum on chest CT (except in cases of mediastinal staging of cancer) and lost to follow-up.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDiagnostic accuracy and related outcomes.MethodsWe included patients from a prospectively constructed database. We performed a logistic regression multivariate analysis to adjust for potential confounders of the association between pathologist performance and EBUS-TBNA accuracy. The Cumulative Summation (CUSUM) analysis was used to assess pathologists’ performance and learning curves.ResultsMost indications for EBUS were suspicion of malignancy, including intrathoracic tumours (68.3%), extrathoracic tumours (9.8%) and cancer staging (7.0%). The patients’ mean age was 63.7 years, and 71.5% were male. Overall EBUS-TBNA accuracy was 80.8%. In the multivariate logistic regression model, the factors independently associated with EBUS-TBNA accuracy included certain pathologists (ORs ranging from 0.16 to 0.41; p<0.017), a lymph node short-axis diameter <1 cm (OR: 0.36; 95% CI 0.21 to 0.62; p<0.001), and the aetiology of lymph node enlargement (ORs ranging from 7 to 37; p<0.001). CUSUM analysis revealed four different learning curve patterns, ranging from almost immediate learning to a prolonged learning phase, as well as a pattern consistent with performance attrition.ConclusionsPathologists’ proficiency conditioned EBUS-TBNA accuracy. This human factor is a potential source of error independent of factors conditioning tissue sample adequacy.
The Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) applied to primary data: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Alshibani Abdullah , Warner Bronwen , Owen Rhiannon K , Mukherjee Abir , Gilbert Thomas , Conroy Simon 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionFrailty is characterised by vulnerability to adverse health outcomes and increases with age. Many frailty risk scores have been developed. One important example is the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) which has the potential to be widely used and automatically calculated which will provide accurate assessment of frailty in a time/cost-effective manner. This systematic review, therefore, seeks to describe the HFRS use since its publication in 2018.Methods and analysisThe proposed systematic review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We will include published original peer-reviewed articles, preprints, conference proceedings and letters to the editor reporting primary data where there is an English language abstract available from 1 January 2018 to 30 June 2022. Databases to be searched are MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science. Additional studies from, for example, the reference of the included studies will be identified and assessed for potential inclusion. Two independent reviewers will perform and assess the following: (1) eligibility of the included studies, (2) critical appraisal using the Cochrane Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool, and (3) data extraction using a predefined form. Disagreements will be resolved through discussions or by involvement of a third reviewer. It may be possible to undertake a meta-analysis if there are sufficient studies reporting effect measures in homogenous populations and/or settings. Effect sizes will be calculated using meta-analysis methods and expressed as risk ratios or ORs with 95% CIs.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required for this systematic review as it will use secondary data only. The results of the systematic review will be submitted for publication in recognised peer-reviewed journals related to frailty and geriatric care and will be widely disseminated through conferences, congresses, seminars, symposia and scientific meetings.
Protocol for a multicentre prospective observational study of families with full-term infants on postnatal wards and in the community to capture feeding practices across the first year of life: the Mother Infant Lactation Questionnaire (MILQ) study
Authors: Gould Jacqueline F , Yelland Lisa N , Gibson Robert A , McPhee Andrew J , Varghese Jojy , Grivell Rosalie , Makrides Maria 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionBreastmilk is considered the gold standard for infant nutrition. Breast feeding is recommended as the sole source of nutrition between birth until around 6 months of age and should be continued beyond this age as complementary foods are introduced. While breast feeding initiation is generally high in developed countries, continuation of breast feeding appears to drop rapidly. This is a prospective observational study of life that aims to characterise a current picture of infant feeding practices across the first year, and motivations for feeding practices, and to identify barriers and enablers for breast feeding.Methods and analysisCaregivers with newborn singleton infants of normal birth weight are approached on the postnatal units of three hospitals in South Australia, or through targeted online advertising campaigns promoting the study. Caregivers are asked to complete surveys when their infant reaches 3, 5 and 7 weeks’, and at 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 and 12 months of age. Initially, baseline characteristics, intentions and preferences for infant milk feeds, as well as reasons for preferences are captured. Latter surveys query how infants are being fed, difficulties or barriers to breast feeding, as well as any enablers (if breast feeding). Once infants reach 5 months of age, surveys capture complementary feeding. A large opportunistic sample from the Adelaide community with a minimum of 1000 mother–infant pairs will be enrolled. The data will be analysed descriptively and using regression models.Ethics and disseminationWomen’s and Children’s Health Network Human Research Ethics Committee reviewed and approved the study (approval no HREC/19/WCHN/140, approval date: 22 November 2019). Study results will be disseminated through academic meetings, peer-reviewed journals, in-services for postnatal healthcare services, results letters for participants and social media.Trial registration numberACTRN12620000529943.
Cohort profile: the South African National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) National HIV Cohort
Authors: MacLeod William B , Bor Jacob , Candy Sue , Maskew Mhairi , Fox Matthew P , Bulekova Katia , Brennan Alana T , Potter James , Nattey Cornelius , Onoya Dorina , Mlisana Koleka , Stevens Wendy , Carmona Sergio 
Published: October 2022

PurposeSouth Africa’s National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) National HIV Cohort was established in 2015 to facilitate monitoring, evaluation and research on South Africa’s National HIV Treatment Programme. In South Africa, 84.8% of people living with HIV know their HIV status; 70.7% who know their status are on ART; and 87.4% on ART are virologically suppressed.ParticipantsThe NHLS National HIV Cohort includes the laboratory data of nearly all patients receiving HIV care in the public sector since April 2004. Patients are included in the cohort if they have received a CD4 count or HIV RNA viral load (VL) test. Using an anonymised unique patient identifier that we have developed and validated to linked test results, we observe patients prospectively through their laboratory results as they receive HIV care and treatment. Patients in HIV care are seen for laboratory monitoring every 6–12 months. Data collected include age, sex, facility location and test results for CD4 counts, VLs and laboratory tests used to screen for potential treatment complications.Findings to dateFrom April 2004 to April 2018, 63 million CD4 count and VL tests were conducted at 5483 facilities. 12.6 million unique patients had at least one CD4 count or VL, indicating they had accessed HIV care, and 7.1 million patients had a VL test indicating they had started antiretroviral therapy. The creation of NHLS National HIV Cohort has enabled longitudinal research on all lab-monitored patients in South Africa’s national HIV programme, including analyses of (1) patient health at presentation; (2) care outcomes such as ‘CD4 recovery’, ‘retention in care’ and ‘viral resuppression’; (3) patterns of transfer and re-entry into care; (4) facility-level variation in care outcomes; and (5) impacts of policies and guideline changes.Future plansContinuous updating of the cohort, integration with available clinical data, and expansion to include tuberculosis and other lab-monitored comorbidities.
Direct puncture of the superior ophthalmic vein for carotid cavernous fistulas: a 21-year experience
Authors: Catapano Joshua S , Srinivasan Visish M , De La Peña Nicole M , Singh Rohin , Cole Tyler S , Wilkinson D Andrew , Baranoski Jacob F , Rutledge Caleb , Pacult Mark A , Winkler Ethan A , Jadhav Ashutosh P , Ducruet Andrew F , Albuquerque Felipe C 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundDirect puncture of the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) is an alternative approach to traversing the inferior petrosal sinus for embolization of carotid cavernous fistulas (CCFs).ObjectiveTo analyze direct SOV puncture for the treatment of CCFs and review the literature.MethodsAll patients at a single center, treated for a CCF with direct SOV cannulation between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2020, were retrospectively analyzed. An additional review of the literature for all case series for direct puncture of the SOV for treatment of CCF was performed.ResultsDuring the 21-year study period, direct cannulation of the SOV for treatment of a CCF was attempted for 19 patients, with the procedure aborted for one patient because of an inability to navigate the wire into the distal aspect of the cavernous sinus. In 18 patients with direct SOV CCF treatment, 1 experienced a minor complication with an asymptomatic postoperative hemorrhage. Angiographic cure and improvement of symptoms were achieved in 17 patients with a mean (SD) follow-up of 6 (5.2) months. In the review of the literature, an additional 45 patients were reported to have direct cannulation of the SOV for CCF treatment, with angiographic cure in 43 (96%) and decreased objective visual acuity in 1 (2%).ConclusionDirect SOV cannulation to treat CCFs is safe and effective. Although it is typically used after other endovascular approaches have failed, SOV access for CCF treatment may be warranted as a first-line treatment for select patients.
Artificial intelligence-enabled phenotyping of patients with severe aortic stenosis: on the recovery of extra-aortic valve cardiac damage after transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Lachmann Mark , Rippen Elena , Schuster Tibor , Xhepa Erion , von Scheidt Moritz , Trenkwalder Teresa , Pellegrini Costanza , Rheude Tobias , Hesse Amelie , Stundl Anja , Harmsen Gerhard , Yuasa Shinsuke , Schunkert Heribert , Kastrati Adnan , Laugwitz Karl-Ludwig , Joner Michael , Kupatt Christian 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveA novel artificial intelligence-based phenotyping approach to stratify patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) prior to transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has been proposed, based on echocardiographic and haemodynamic data. This study aimed to analyse the recovery of extra-aortic valve cardiac damage in accordance with this novel stratification system following TAVR.MethodsThe proposed phenotyping approach was previously established employing data from 366 patients with severe AS from a bicentric registry. For this consecutive study, echocardiographic follow-up data, obtained on day 147±75.1 after TAVR, were available from 247 patients (67.5%).ResultsCorrection of severe AS by TAVR significantly reduced the proportion of patients suffering from concurrent severe mitral regurgitation (from 9.29% to 3.64%, p value: 0.0015). Moreover, pulmonary artery pressures were ameliorated (estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure: from 47.2±15.8 to 43.3±15.1 mm Hg, p value: 0.0079). However, right heart dysfunction as well as the proportion of patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation remained unchanged. Clusters with persistent right heart dysfunction ultimately displayed 2-year survival rates of 69.2% (95% CI 56.6% to 84.7%) and 74.6% (95% CI 65.9% to 84.4%), which were significantly lower compared with clusters with little or no persistent cardiopulmonary impairment (88.3% (95% CI 83.3% to 93.5%) and 85.5% (95% CI 77.1% to 94.8%)).ConclusionsThis phenotyping approach preprocedurally identifies patients with severe AS, who will not recover from extra-aortic valve cardiac damage following TAVR and whose survival is therefore significantly reduced. Importantly, not the degree of pulmonary hypertension at initial presentation, but the irreversibility of right heart dysfunction determines prognosis.
Landscape influence on permafrost ground ice geochemistry in a polar desert environment, Resolute Bay, Nunavut
Authors: Paquette Michel , Lafrenière Melissa J. , Lamoureux Scott F. 
Published: October 2022

Arctic permafrost is degrading and is thus releasing nutrients, solutes, sediment and water into soils and freshwater ecosystems. The impacts of this degradation depends on the geochemical characteristics and in large part on the spatial distribution of ground ice and solutes, which is not well-known in the High Arctic polar desert ecosystems. This research links ground ice and solute concentrations, to establish a framework for identifying locations vulnerable to permafrost degradation. It builds on landscape classifications and cryostratigraphic interpretations of permafrost history. Well-vegetated wetland sites with syngenetic permafrost aggradation show a different geochemical signature from polar desert and epigenetic sites. In wetlands, where ground ice contents were high (<97% volume), total dissolved solute concentrations were relatively low (mean 283.0 ± 327.8 ppm), reflecting a carbonate terrestrial/freshwater setting. In drier sites with epigenetic origin, such as polar deserts, ice contents are low (<47% volume), solute concentrations were high (mean 3248.5 ± 1907.0 ppm, max 12055 ppm) and dominated by Na+ and Cl− ions, reflecting a post-glacial marine inundation during permafrost formation. Dissolved organic carbon and total dissolved nitrogen concentrations usually increased at the top of permafrost and could not be as clearly associated with permafrost history. The research shows that the geochemistry of polar desert permafrost is highly dependent on permafrost history, and it can be estimated using hydrogeomorphological terrain classifications. The lower ice content of polar desert sites indicates that these areas are more vulnerable to thaw relative to the ice-rich wetland sites, and the elevated solute concentrations indicate that these areas could mobilise substantial solutes to downstream environments, should they become hydrologically connected with future warming.
Fractal properties of particle paths due to generalised uncertainty relations
Authors: Lake Matthew J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe determine the Hausdorff dimension of a particle path,$$D_\textrm{H}$$DH, in the recently proposed ‘smeared space’ model of quantum geometry. The model introduces additional degrees of freedom to describe the quantum state of the background and gives rise to both the generalised uncertainty principle (GUP) and extended uncertainty principle (EUP) without introducing modified commutation relations. We compare our results to previous studies of the Hausdorff dimension in GUP models based on modified commutators and show that the minimum length enters the relevant formulae in a different way. We then determine the Hausdorff dimension of the particle path in smeared momentum space,$${\tilde{D}}_\textrm{H}$$D~H, and show that the minimum momentum is dual to the minimum length. For sufficiently coarse grained paths,$$D_\textrm{H} = {\tilde{D}}_\textrm{H} = 2$$DH=D~H=2, as in canonical quantum mechanics. However, as the resolutions approach the minimum scales, the dimensions of the paths in each representation differ, in contrast to their counterparts in the canonical theory. The GUP-induced corrections increase$$D_\textrm{H}$$DHwhereas the EUP-induced corrections decrease$${\tilde{D}}_\textrm{H}$$D~H, relative to their canonical values, and the extremal case corresponds to$$D_\textrm{H} = 3$$DH=3,$${\tilde{D}}_\textrm{H} = 1$$D~H=1. These results show that the GUP and the EUP affect the fractal properties of the particle path in fundamentally different, yet complimentary, ways.
On the definition of the deuterium-tritium ion beam parameters for the SORGENTINA-RF fusion neutron source
Authors: Fonnesu Nicola , Scaglione Salvatore , Spassovsky Ivan Panov , Pietropaolo Antonino , Zito Pietro ,   The SRF Collaboration, Agostini Pietro , Angiolini Massimo , Alberghi Ciro , Candido Luigi , Capogni Marco , Capone Mauro , Cataldo Sebastiano , Contessa Gian Marco , D’Annibale Francesco , D’Arienzo Marco , Dotto Alessio Del , Diamanti Dario , Dongiovanni Danilo , Farini Mirko , Ferrari Paolo , Fiore Angela , Flammini Davide , Frisoni Manuela , Gadani Gianni , Gentili Angelo , Grasso Giacomo , Guardati Manuela , Guidoni David , Lamberti Marco , Lepore Luigi , Mancini Andrea , Mariani Andrea , Marinari Ranieri , Marzo Giuseppe A. , Mastroianni Bruno , Moro Fabio , Orefice Agostina , Orsetti Valerio , Pinna Tonio , Rizzo Antonietta , Rydzy Alexander , Salvi Stefano , Santoli Demis , Santucci Alessia , Saraceno Luca , Sartorio Camillo , Sermenghi Valerio , Serra Emanuele , Simonetti Andrea , Terranova Nicholas , Tosti Silvano , Ubaldini Alberto , Utili Marco , Voukelatou Konstantina , Zola Danilo , Zummo Giuseppe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe SORGENTINA-RF project aims to develop a 14 MeV fusion neutron source to produce medical radioisotopes with special focus on $$^{99}$$

99

Mo. The facility is based on a positive ion source with an acceleration stage to produce a deuterium (D$$^{+})$$

+

)

and tritium (T$$^{+})$$

+

)

ion beam that, impacting on a titanium-coated rotating target, allows fusion reactions to take place. Maximizing the neutron production rate is one of the main issues to be addressed in the project and the optimization of some key parameters of the ion beam is of paramount importance in this regard. In this study, a methodology is discussed to reach a definition of the beam characteristics for an effective and sustainable operation of the plant. The most convenient layout that has been found out is based on a single ion source fed by a deuterium and tritium gas mixture. Eventually, a series of considerations about the operation of the ion source and fuel cycle have been drawn.
Process design for the manufacturing of soft X-ray gratings in single-crystal diamond by high-energy heavy-ion irradiation
Authors: García G. , Martin M. , Ynsa M. D. , Torres-Costa V. , Crespillo M. L. , Tardío M. , Olivares J. , Bosia F. , Peña-Rodríguez O. , Nicolas J. , Tallarida M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper describes in detail a novel manufacturing process for optical gratings suitable for use in the UV and soft X-ray regimes in a single-crystal diamond substrate based on highly focused swift heavy-ion irradiation. This type of grating is extensively used in light source facilities such as synchrotrons or free electron lasers, with ever-increasing demands in terms of thermal loads, depending on beamline operational parameters and architecture. The process proposed in this paper may be a future alternative to current manufacturing techniques, providing the advantage of being applicable to single-crystal diamond substrates, with their unique properties in terms of heat conductivity and radiation hardness. The paper summarizes the physical principle used for the grating patterns produced by swift heavy-ion irradiation and provides full details for the manufacturing process for a specific grating configuration, inspired in one of the beamlines at the ALBA synchrotron light source, while stressing the most challenging points for a potential implementation. Preliminary proof-of-concept experimental results are presented, showing the practical implementation of the methodology proposed herein.