bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a risk predictive model for cognitive frailty in elderly patients with chronic pain in the community: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Yanping , Tan Mingyang , Xu Chaoqiang , Li Hongyu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground Chronic pain is a common health problem among older people in the community, due to chronic pain elderly are prone to physical frailty and cognitive decline, leading to reduced quality of life and increased mortality. Aim To understand the prevalence of cognitive frailty among elderly chronic pain patients in the community and identify risk factors for cognitive frailty, constructed a risk prediction model to draw nomogram and validated the model's effectiveness. Methods Conveniently selected 540 elderly patients with chronic pain in a community in Jinzhou City from January 2022 to July 2022 were randomly assigned to 70% development set (378 cases) and 30% validation set (162 cases). Using General information questionnaire, Numerical Rating Scale, Short-Form Mini-Nutritional Assessment, Athens Insomnia Scale, Self-rating depression Scale, Frail scale and Minimental State Examination for assessment, binary logistic regression analysis to determine risk factors, R software to establish a risk prediction model for cognitive frailty, and validation by ROC curve and calibration curve etc. Results The prevalence of cognitive frailty in elderly patients with chronic pain in the community was 28.04%, and binary logistic regression analysis showed that age, exercise habit, pain level, insomnia, malnutrition and depression were independent risk factors for cognitive frailty (P < 0.05), and nomogram was drawn based on the above risk factors. Hosmer-Lemeshow test,X2 = 1.951 (P = 0.377). The area under the ROC curve was 0.914 (95%CI: 0.883–0.944) in the development set and 0.940 (95%CI: 0.896–0.985) in the validation set. Conclusions The high prevalence of cognitive frailty in elderly patients with chronic pain in the community is influenced by age, exercise habit, pain level, insomnia, malnutrition and depression, had a predictive role to inform early screening and intervention.
The Environmental Impact of the Sugar Industry Waste in Sudan
Authors: Ibrahim Tageldeen Saeed Tageldeen , Workneh Tilahun Seyoum 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of Sudanese sugar manufacture waste on the communities surrounding the industries. The study employed across-sectional survey approach comprising of 311 respondents living around factories areas. The selected sugar industries included; Kenana, Guneid, Halfa, Sinnar, Assalaya and White-Nile. Data were analysed by using SPSS version 19; the descriptive statistics, nonparametric statistics and logistic regression were employed. The results showed that the wastewater discharge has a significant (P < 0.05) effect on the community health. The respondents indicated that the waste creates suitable environment for the reproduction of parasites, off-odor development and finally contaminates the drinking water. The multinomial logistic regression model showed that the wastewater (i.e. creates off-odor and mosquito) have significant (P < 0.05) influences on causing health risks (i.e. malaria) to the people residing around the sugar factories areas. The study was also revealed that the lack of the sugar industry wastewater management has significantly affected the crop and animal production. The suspending particles and bagasse fly were found significantly (P < 0.05) caused high rate of occurrence of eye and respiratory systems diseases in the region. The health services provided by the industries were found significantly (P < 0.05) affected the community satisfaction. It is therefore, the study designed a framework for enhance handling the industrial waste to be adopted by the Sudanese sugar industries decision makers. The framework focused on decreasing the impact of waste to the lowest level through sufficient improvement of the management strategies.
“Why take the patient back home?”: exploring the lived experiences of caregivers of COVID-19 infected individuals in Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Nyondo-Mipando Alinane Linda , Nyirenda Deborah , Suwedi-Kapesa Leticia , Chirwa Marumbo , Nyapigoti Wezzie , Chirambo Lusungu , Singini Ruth , Mwapasa Victor 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Corona Virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to have serious health and socio-economic consequences. World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends several measures to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. In Malawi, COVID-19 cases are managed at home with hospital admission reserved for severe cases. This study described the lived experiences of caregivers of COVID-19-infected individuals in Blantyre, Malawi.
Methods
This descriptive qualitative study was conducted from January to June 2021 in Blantyre Malawi, among caregivers of confirmed SARS-COV-2 cases enrolled in the SARS-CoV-2 study aimed to explore infections, transmission dynamics, and household impact. We conducted 37 in-depth interviews with caregivers of SARS-COV-2 cases. We captured data using telephonic interviews, digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, managed using NVivo, and analysed thematically.
Results
The economic status of a family largely influenced the caregiving roles and abilities because it determined the resources that a household could access or not. Caregivers were committed to their role despite being ill-prepared to manage a COVID-19 patient at home in addition to fears about the contagious nature of COVID-19. They prioritised their patients’ health by ensuring that they were present to offer nutritional and medical treatment. The implementation of preventive measures was however challenging because of financial limitations and cultural factors. The increase in death rates and the lack of proper information challenged their expectation of having their patients healed. Caregivers managed their role by sharing responsibilities, getting better at their role with time, and also getting support from religious institutions and social networks.
Conclusion
The economic status of a household determined the experiences of caregivers as they managed their COVID-19 patients at home. Caring for confirmed cases of COVID-19 demanded commitment from the caregivers while ensuring that the transmission of the virus is minimised. There is a need to support households while in isolation with the right information on how to manage their patients and streamline social support for the ultra-poor.
Effects of combined pollution of tetracycline and sulfamethazine on tomato growth and antibiotic absorption
Authors: Xu Qiutong , Zhang Mingkui 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Food safety has raised immense concern globally. Due to the improper use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, antibiotic pollution in vegetable land is becoming increasingly serious. In this study, the effects of single and combined pollution of tetracycline and sulfamethazine on tomato plants were studied. The results showed that tomato plants simultaneously absorbed tetracycline and sulfamethazine from soil and transferred them to leaves, stems and fruits. The contents of tetracycline and sulfamethazine in plant tissues elevated with the increase of soil antibiotics, which were higher in the growth stage than that in the late growth stage. Antibiotics exhibited the highest concentration in roots, followed by leaves, stems and fruits. At the concentrations of 25 and 50 mg/kg, both tetracycline and sulfamethazine hampered the growth and physiology of tomato in terms of photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, plant height and biomass. High concentration of antibiotic contamination led to the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in leaves, reduced the carbon/nitrogen ratio in leaves, and reduced the vitamin C and sugar contents in fruits. Overall, our results indicated that the combined pollution of antibiotics can strengthen the impact on plant growth, physiological indicators and biomass.
Development and validation of a clinical nomogram for differentiating hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke prehospital
Authors: Ye Sheng , Pan Huiqing , Li Weijia , Wang Jingqiang , Zhang Hailong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objectives: The early detection and identification of stroke are essential to the prognosis of patients with suspected stroke symptoms out-of-hospital. We aimed to develop a risk prediction model based on the FAST score to identify the different types of strokes early for emergency medical services (EMS).
Methods: This retrospective observational study enrolled 394 stroke patients at a single center from January 2020 to December 2021. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and stroke risk factors with patients were collected from the EMS record database. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk predictors. The nomogram was developed based on the independent predictors, in which the discriminative value and calibration of the nomogram were verified by the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration plots.
Results: A total of 31.90% (88/276) of patients were diagnosed with hemorrhagic stroke in the training set, while 36.40% (43/118) in the validation set. The nomogram was developed based on the multivariate analysis, including age, systolic blood pressure, hypertension, vomiting, arm weakness, and slurred speech. The area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC with nomogram was 0.796 (95% CI: 0.740-0.852,P<0.001) and 0.808 (95% CI:0.728-0.887, P<0.001) in the training set and validation set, respectively. In addition, the AUC with the nomogram was superior to the FAST score in both two sets. The calibration curve showed a good agreement with the nomogram and the decision curves analysis also demonstrated that the nomogram had a wider range of threshold probabilities than the FAST score in the prediction risk of hemorrhagic stroke.
Conclusions: This novel noninvasive clinical nomogram shows a good performance in differentiating hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke for EMS staff prehospital. Moreover, all of the variables of nomogram are acquired in clinical practice easily and inexpensively out-of-hospital.
Just a ‘romantic idea’? – a theory-based interview study on medication review implementation with pharmacy owners
Authors: Michel Dorothee Elsbeth , Tonna Antonella P , Dartsch Dorothee C , Weidmann Anita Elaine 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background

Recent legal changes in Germany entitle patients on multiple medications to receive a medication review (MR). However, the provision of MRs is not mandatory and pharmacy owners decide whether to implement this service in their pharmacies.

Aim

To determine pharmacy owners’ attitudes towards MRs, investigate their willingness to include MRs in the remit of their pharmacies and explore their experiences with MR-implementation.

Methods

Pharmacy owners were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews. Purposive sampling was used with selection criteria being MR-implementation stage, and geographical location of the pharmacy. The topic guide was based on a systematic review and the Framework for Implementation of Services in Pharmacy (FISpH). Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and coded directly against the FISpH.

Results

Twenty-one pharmacy owners were interviewed. Despite participants’ consistent positive attitude towards MRs, most believed that providing MRs on an economically viable basis would be challenging. Several practical suggestions emerged which would enable community pharmacies a smoother implementation of MRs. Suggestions included employing ‘change facilitators’, who visit and support implementing pharmacies; national awareness campaigns targeting patients and health professionals; reducing bureaucracy; continuous professional development; involving technicians in some MR-tasks; and offering an additional incentive to lower the initial implementation threshold.

Conclusion

This research identified numerous factors that are likely to increase owners’ and managers’ support to the idea of MRs. This may be of interest to any country planning implementation of MRs.
Mg alloy matrix syntactic foams filled with MgO coated Al2O3 hollow spheres: microstructure and mechanical properties
Authors: Qu Haobo , Rao Dewang , Cui Junge , Gupta Nikhil , Wang Hanzhang , Chen Yongbin , Pan Liwen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The AZ31B Magnesium alloy matrix syntactic foams containing Al2O3 hollow spheres (Al2O3 − HS) were successfully synthesized by the process of gravity infiltration casting. Extremely high chemical activity of magnesium melt with ceramics at high temperature makes it challenging to synthesize Mg-matrix syntactic foams (MgSFs) by casting. In this work, Al2O3 − HS were coated with MgO using MgCl2 solution after high-temperature calcination to successfully prevent the interfacial reaction. The porosity of the syntactic foams is strongly influenced by the concentration of the MgCl2 solution because it determines the coverage of Al2O3 − HS with the MgO coating and survival of particles. The maximum porosity of the syntactic foam was 41.64 vol.%, and the corresponding density is 1.17 g/cm3. At the MgCl2 solution coating concentration of 0.15 g/ml, the plateau stress of the syntactic foam reaches the maximum value of 55.96 MPa, the energy absorption capacity was 39.27 MJ/m3, and the maximum energy absorption was 26.06 kJ/kg. These properties are comparable to some MgSFs prepared by other methods in recent years.
Dietary guarana (Paullinia cupana) powder for tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum): growth, hemato-immunological parameters and bacterial challenge
Authors: Moreira Luís Felipe Serra , Fernandes Iana Elza Costa , Fernandes Indra Mary Costa , Soares Maiara Jurema , Ribeiro Isis Miranda da Silva , Sampaio Geni Rodrigues , Torres Elizabeth Aparecida Ferraz da Silva , Gonçalves Ligia Uribe , Dantas Francisco de Matos , Valladão Gustavo Moraes Ramos 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe present study evaluated the effects of commercial guarana (Paullinia cupana) powder as a growth-promoter and natural antioxidant supplement in aquafeeds. In Experiment 1, fish were fed with graded levels of guarana powder (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 g/kg) during 60 days. Growth, hemato-immunological and biochemical performance were evaluated in healthy fish and in fish after infection byAeromonas jandaei. In Experiment 2, the supplemented feed was stored for 90 days, in which tests were carried out regarding the quantity of phenolic compounds and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. As a result of Experiment 1, fish fed guarana-supplemented diets and infected byA.jandaeipresented better parameters of leukocyte respiratory activity, total proteins, globulin, albumin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes and thrombocytes. As a result of Experiment 2, levels of phenolic compounds were not altered (p > 0.05) by the guarana-supplemented diets. An increase in the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and a lower oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) was observed in the fish fed diets with the highest level of guarana supplementation. As conclusion, guarana did not impair productivity and revealed a possible cytoprotective and hepatoprotective effect in fish infected byA.jandaei. Therefore, guarana seems to be an interesting additive to be included at levels of up to 1% in special feeds to be used prior to stressful situations in aquaculture. Additionally, guarana had no protective effect against lipid peroxidation and showed a pro-oxidant effect in diets with higher supplementation levels.
High Sucrose consumption decouples intrinsic and synaptic excitability of AgRP neurons without altering body weight
Authors: Korgan Austin , Oliveira-Abreu Klausen , Wei Wei , Martin Sophie , Bridges Zoey , Leal-Cardoso José Henrique , Kaczorowski Catherine , O'Connell Kristen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As the obesity epidemic continues, the understanding of macronutrient influence on central nervous system function is critical for understanding diet-induced obesity and potential therapeutics, particularly in light of the increased sugar content in processed foods. Previous research showed mixed effects of sucrose feeding on body weight gain but has yet to reveal insight into the impact of sucrose on hypothalamic functioning. Here, we explore the impact of liquid sucrose feeding for 12 weeks on body weight, body composition, caloric intake, and hypothalamic AgRP neuronal function and synaptic plasticity. While mice given sugar-sweetened water do not gain significant weight, they do show subtle differences in body composition and caloric intake. When given sugar-sweetened water, mice show similar alterations to AgRP neuronal excitability as in high-fat diet obese models. Increased sugar consumption also primes mice for increased caloric intake and weight gain when given access to a HFD. Our results show that elevated sucrose consumption increased activity of AgRP neurons and altered synaptic excitability. This may contribute to obesity in mice and humans with access to more palatable (HFD) diets.
DPP9 Overexpression in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Causes Ferroptosis Suppression and Sorafenib Resistance Through the KEAP1–NRF2 Pathway
Authors: Chang Kun , Chen yingji , Zhang Xuanzhi , Zhang Wei , Zeng Bohan , Dai Bo , Xu Fujiang , Ye Dingwei , Wang Chenji 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NRF2) axis is the principal regulator of cellular responses against oxidative and electrophilic stressors. NRF2 hyperactivation, which is frequently observed in many types of cancers, promotes cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and resistance to various therapies. Here, we determined that dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) was markedly overexpressed at the mRNA and protein levels in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), and its overexpression was correlated with advanced tumour stage and poor prognosis in ccRCC patients. We searched for functional partners of DPP9 using protein affinity purification and determined that DPP9 interacts with KEAP1 via a conserved ESGE motif. The KEAP-NRF2 interaction was disrupted by DPP9, which competed with NRF2 for binding to KEAP1, independent of DPP9’s enzymatic function. Overexpression of DPP9 stabilized the NRF2 protein, drove NRF2-dependent transcription, and reduced cellular relative oxygen species (ROS) levels. Moreover, DPP9 overexpression suppressed ferroptosis and caused resistance to sorafenib in ccRCC cells, which was largely dependent on the NRF2 transcriptional target-SLC7A11. Collectively, our findings indicated that the pathological process associated with the accumulation of DPP9 results in hyperactivation of the NRF2 pathway, which contributes to tumorigenesis and intrinsic drug resistance in ccRCC.
Colloidal synthesis and characterization of nanostructured pure ZnO and In doped ZnO thin films
Authors: Khantoul Ahmed Reda , Dadda Noureddine , Medjaldi Malika , Boudine Boubekeur , Sebais Miloud , Halimi Ouahiba 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, we report the effects of concentrations of the Indium doping (from 0 to 10wt%) on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of Indium doped ZnO thin films prepared by the colloidal method and deposited with the dip coating technique on glass substrates. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that the all pure and doped ZnO thin films have a polycrystalline nature with a hexagonal wurtzite phase. XRD results demonstrate that the particle size of ZnO varied with the concentrations of the Indium doping. Raman scattering spectra confirmed the wurtzite phase and the presence of intrinsic defects in our samples. UV–Vis spectrometer measurements show that all the pure anddoped ZnO thin films are highly transparent in the visible wavelength region (≥ 85%).The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the thin films exhibit defects related visible emission peaks, with intensities differing owing to different concentrations of zinc vacancies.
Improved fluoroscopy-guided biopsies in the diagnosis of indeterminate biliary strictures: A multi-center retrospective study
Authors: Xiong Zhe , Wang Kuangjing , Zhang Huahui , Fang Ying , Li Fengdong , Huang Jin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Aim
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of improved fluoroscopy-guided biopsies for indeterminate biliary strictures (IBDS).
Methods
A multi-center retrospective study was performed. Patients with IBDS who underwent digital single-operator cholangioscopy (DSOC) and improved fluoroscopy-guided biopsies procedures were included. The individual sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were analyzed.
Results
A total of 67 patients were enrolled in this multi-center retrospective study. The DSOC and improved fluoroscopy-guided biopsies procedures were successfully performed in all cases (100%). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values were 83.3%, 89.5%, and 85.1% for DSOC visual impression; 95.8%, 94.7%, and 95.5% for improved fluoroscopy-guided biopsies procedures, respectively. The sensitivity and accuracy of improved fluoroscopy-guided biopsies were significantly higher compared with DSOC visual impression. Four patients (6.0%, 4/67) occurred adverse events after the procedures.
Conclusions
Improved fluoroscopy-guided biopsies had a high diagnostic accuracy of IBDS diagnosis.
Real-Time Vascular Graph Extraction for Surgical Navigation
Authors: Schüle Johannes , Salehah AR , Somers Peter , Harland Niklas , Tarín Cristina , Stenzl Arnulf , Sawodny Oliver 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Surgical soft-tissue navigation requires the visualfeatures used to be unaffected by deformation. To this end,the observed vascular structures can be extracted as deformation-invariant graph features. A key subprocedure of theoverall navigation task is therefore the instantaneous extractionof graph structures from the observed images. Existingwork shows that the graph extraction procedure is complex,computationally expensive, and thus not real-time capable.Additionally, there is a dimensionality problem in storingthe graph data, as the number of graph nodes vary for eachimage observed. In this paper, a neural network (NN)-basedgraph extraction framework which addresses both the latencyand dimensionality problems is proposed. This paperprovides implementation details for the main components ofthe framework, which are the node extraction and edge extractionsubtasks respectively. Additionally, this work introducesvariations of an adjacency combination (AC) schemethat constructs a correctly dimensioned graph output. Weshow that the proposed framework is capable of performingspeedy graph extraction from a preprocessed ‘skeletonised’image with good precision, opening the way to a real-timegraph extraction procedure for use in surgical soft-tissue navigation.