bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precocious Puberty in a Boy With Bilateral Leydig Cell Tumors due to a Somatic Gain-of-Function LHCGR Variant
Authors: Flippo Chelsi , Kolli Vipula , Andrew Melissa , Berger Seth , Bhatti Tricia , Boyce Alison M , Casella Daniel , Collins Michael T , Délot Emmanuèle , Devaney Joseph , Hewitt Stephen M , Kolon Thomas , Mallappa Ashwini , White Perrin C , Merke Deborah P , Dauber Andrew 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Context
Autosomal dominant and rarely de novo gain-of-function variants in the LHCGR gene are associated with precocious male puberty, while somatic LHCGR variants have been found in isolated Leydig cell adenomas and Leydig cell hyperplasia. Bilateral diffuse Leydig cell tumor formation in peripheral precocious male puberty has not been reported.

Case Description
We present a boy with gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty and rapid virilization beginning in infancy resistant to standard therapy. Treatment with abiraterone in addition to letrozole and bicalutamide proved effective. Bilateral diffuse Leydig cell tumors were identified at age 5 years.

Results
Whole-genome sequencing of tumor and blood samples was performed. The patient was confirmed to have bilateral, diffuse Leydig cell tumors harboring the somatic, gain-of-function p.Asp578His variant in the LHCGR gene. Digital droplet polymerase chain reaction of the LHCGR variant performed in tumor and blood samples detected low levels of this same variant in the blood.

Conclusion
We report a young boy with severe gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty beginning in infancy who developed bilateral diffuse Leydig cell tumors at age 5 years due to a somatic gain-of-function p.Asp578His variant in LHCGR. The gain-of-function nature of the LHCGR variant and the developmental timing of the somatic mutation likely play a role in the risk of tumor formation. Abiraterone (a CYP17A1 inhibitor), in combination with an antiandrogen, aromatase inhibitor, and glucocorticoid, appears to be an effective therapy for severe peripheral precocious puberty in boys.
Venous Sinus Stenting for Low Pressure Gradient Stenoses in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Inam Mehmet Enes , Martinez-Gutierrez Juan Carlos , Kole Matthew J. , Sanchez Francisco , Lekka Elvira , Truong Van Thi Thanh , Lopez-Rivera Victor , Sheriff Faheem G. , Zima Laura A. , Pedroza Claudia , Tang Rosa , Adesina Ore-Ofe , Engstrom Allison , Sheth Sunil A. , Chen Peng Roc 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Medically refractory idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is frequently treated with venous sinus stenosis stenting with high success rates. Patient selection has been driven almost exclusively by identification of supraphysiological venous pressure gradients across stenotic regions based on theoretical assessment of likelihood of response.

OBJECTIVE:
To explore the possibility of benefit in low venous pressure gradient patients.

METHODS:
Using a single-center, prospectively maintained registry of patients with IIH undergoing venous stenting, we defined treatment groups by gradient pressures of ≤4, 5 to 8, and >8 mmHg based on the most frequently previously published thresholds for stenting. Baseline demographics, clinical, and neuro-ophthalmological outcomes (including optical coherence tomography and Humphrey visual fields) were compared.

RESULTS:
Among 53 patients, the mean age was 32 years and 70% female with a mean body mass index was 36 kg/m2. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. The mean change in lumbar puncture opening pressure at 6 months poststenting was similar between the 3 groups (≤4, 5-8, and >8 mmHg; 13.4, 12.9, and 12.4 cmH2O, P = .47). Papilledema improvement was observed across groups at 6 months (100, 93, and 86, P = .7) as were all clinical symptoms. The mean changes in optical coherence tomography retinal nerve fiber layer (−30, −54, and −104, P = .5) and mean deviation in Humphrey visual fields (60, 64, and 67, P = .5) at 6 weeks were not significantly different.

CONCLUSION:
Patients with IH with low venous pressure gradient venous sinus stenosis seem to benefit equally from venous stenting compared with their higher gradient counterparts. Re-evaluation of our restrictive criteria for this potentially vision sparing intervention is warranted. Future prospective confirmatory studies are needed.
Behaviour change techniques taxonomy v1: Feedback to inform the development of an ontology
Authors: Corker Elizabeth , Marques Marta M. , Johnston Marie , West Robert , Hastings Janna , Michie Susan 
Published: August 2022

Background: To build cumulative evidence about what works in behaviour change interventions, efforts have been made to develop classification systems for specifying the content of interventions. The Behaviour Change Techniques (BCT) Taxonomy v1 (BCTTv1) is one of the most widely used classifications of behaviour change techniques across a variety of behaviours. The BCTTv1 was intentionally named version 1 to allow for further revisions to the taxonomy. This study aimed to gather data to inform the development of BCTTv1 into a more elaborated knowledge structure, an ontology. Methods: Feedback from users of BCTTv1 about limitations and proposed improvements was collected through the BCT website, a user survey, researchers and experts involved in the Human Behaviour Change Project, and a consultation. In addition, relevant published research reports and other classification systems of BCTs were analysed. These data were synthesised to produce recommendations to inform the development of an ontology of BCTs. Results: A total of 282 comments from six sources were reviewed and synthesised into four categories of suggestions: additional BCTs, amendments to labels and definitions of specific BCTs, amendments to the groupings, and general improvements. Feedback suggested some lack of clarity regarding understanding and identifying techniques from labels, definitions, and examples; distinctions and relations between BCTs; and knowing what they would look like in practice. Three recommendations resulted from this analysis: to review the label and definition of each BCT, the 16 groupings of BCTs, and the examples illustrating BCTs. Conclusions: This review of feedback about BCTTv1 identified the need to improve the precision and knowledge structure of the current taxonomy. A BCT ontology would enable the specification of relationships between BCTs, more precise definitions, and allow better interoperability with other ontologies. This ontology will be developed as part of the Human Behaviour Change Project.
Variations of the Bullwhip Effect Across Foreign Subsidiaries
Authors: Lee Seungrae , Park Seung Jae , Seshadri Sridhar 
Published: August 2022

Problem definition: We investigate variations of the bullwhip effect across foreign subsidiaries and explore how it is affected by various features of foreign subsidiaries. Academic/practical relevance: During the era of global supply chain restructuring, researchers and executives of multinational firms should understand variations of the foreign subsidiary’s bullwhip effect, given that its reduction is a key strategy for coordinating supply chains. Methodology: Our work is based on a balanced panel data set of Korean-owned subsidiaries that provides distinguishable information on subsidiary purchases. It enables us to estimate an alternative measure for the bullwhip effect by the ratio of purchase volatility to demand volatility and compare it with the traditional measure of the ratio of production volatility to demand volatility. Results: Our alternative measure differs significantly from the traditional measure and better reflects the prevalence of the bullwhip effect across foreign subsidiaries. Using this new measure, we find that the bullwhip effect is strongly affected by country-specific factors and foreign subsidiary-specific factors. These findings support not only previous analytical findings on the bullwhip effect but also provide new remedies to reduce the bullwhip effect. Managerial implications: Our study advises managers of multinational firms. First, although locating foreign subsidiaries in developing countries tends to reduce production costs, it could instead increase the bullwhip effect, especially for politically unstable countries or those with lower import penetration. Second, we provide empirical evidence that relocating a subsidiary to a country close to its main suppliers or to one that incurs lower transportation costs will reduce the bullwhip effect. Finally, deploying expatriate managers and wholly owning the subsidiary are recommended strategies to reduce the bullwhip effect of foreign subsidiaries. Funding: This work was supported by Yonsei University [Grants 2019-22-0006, 2020-22-0089, and 2021-22-0072] and Hankuk University of Foreign Studies [Grant 2022]. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1137 .
Upconversion pumping of lasers via excited-state absorption: an analytical rate-equation formulation
Authors: Sennaroglu Alphan 
Published: August 2022

Coupled power-gain equations were used to model lasers where optical pumping occurs as a result of a weak ground-state absorption followed by strong pump excited-state absorption (ESA). Inspired by the gain dynamics and energy-level structure of upconversion-pumped 2.3 µm

T
m

3
+

lasers and 3.4 µm

E
r

3
+

lasers, the model assumes that population in the lower laser level relaxes via a fast nonradiative decay to an intermediate storage level, which typically has a considerably slower decay rate than that of the upper laser level. After obtaining a description of the rate equation model, the continuous-wave regime was investigated by deriving analytical expressions for the power-dependent absorption, threshold pump power for lasing, output laser power, and laser slope efficiency. Results indicate that a slow decay rate of the lower level is necessary, so that sufficient population buildup can lead to enhanced nonlinear absorption via ESA. Furthermore, the asymptotic slope efficiency of the ESA pumped laser is similar to that of the ideal four-level laser, where the linear absorption is replaced by the effective nonlinear absorption.
Psychological interventions to prevent relapse in anxiety and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Krijnen-de Bruin Esther , Scholten Willemijn , Muntingh Anna , Maarsingh Otto , van Meijel Berno , van Straten Annemieke , Batelaan Neeltje 
Published: August 2022

Objectives
The aim of this review is to establish the effectiveness of psychological relapse prevention interventions, as stand-alone interventions and in combination with maintenance antidepressant treatment (M-ADM) or antidepressant medication (ADM) discontinuation for patients with remitted anxiety disorders or major depressive disorders (MDD).

Methods
A systematic review and a meta-analysis were conducted. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO and Embase for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing psychological relapse prevention interventions to treatment as usual (TAU), with the proportion of relapse/recurrence and/or time to relapse/recurrence as outcome measure.

Results
Thirty-six RCTs were included. During a 24-month period, psychological interventions significantly reduced risk of relapse/recurrence for patients with remitted MDD (RR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.68–0.86, p<0.001). This effect persisted with longer follow-up periods, although these results were less robust. Also, psychological interventions combined with M-ADM significantly reduced relapse during a 24-month period (RR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.62–0.94, p = 0.010), but this effect was not significant for longer follow-up periods. No meta-analysis could be performed on relapse prevention in anxiety disorders, as only two studies focused on relapse prevention in anxiety disorders.

Conclusions
In patients with remitted MDD, psychological relapse prevention interventions substantially reduce risk of relapse/recurrence. It is recommended to offer these interventions to remitted MDD patients. Studies on anxiety disorders are needed.

Systematic review registration number
PROSPERO 2018: CRD42018103142.
Economic burden of chronic pain in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Thanh Nguyen Xuan , Tanguay Robert L. , Manhas Kiran J. Pohar , Kania-Richmond Ania , Kashuba Sherri , Geyer Tracey , Pereira John X. , Wasylak Tracy 
Published: August 2022

Background
Although chronic pain (CP) is common, little is known about its economic burden in Alberta, Canada.

Aims
To estimate incremental (as compared to the general population or people without CP) societal (healthcare and lost productivity) costs of CP in Alberta.

Methods
We applied the prevalence estimated from the Canadian Community Health Survey data to the population retrieved from the Statistics Canada to estimate the number of people with CP in Alberta in 2019. We analyzed the Alberta Health administrative databases to estimate the healthcare costs of person with CP. Finally, we multiplied the number of people with the cost per person.

Results
The prevalence of any CP was 20.1% and of activity-preventing CP was 14.5% among people aged > = 12 years. Incremental cost per person with CP per year was CA$2,217 for healthcare services (among people aged > = 12 years) and CA$8,412 for productivity losses (among people aged 18–64 years). Of the healthcare cost, prescription drugs accounted for the largest share (32.8%), followed by inpatient services (31.0%), outpatient services (13.1%), physician services (9.8%), other services (7.4%), and diagnostic imaging (5.8%). Provincially, total incremental cost of CP ranges from CA$1.2 to 1.7 billion for healthcare services (6% to 8% of total provincial health expenditure); and CA$3.4 to 4.7 billion for productivity losses. Considering costs for long-term care services, the total societal cost of CP in Alberta was CA$6.3 to 8.3 billion per year, reflecting 2.0% to 2.7% of Alberta’s GDP.

Conclusions
Interventions improving CP prevention and management to reduce this substantial economic burden are urgently needed.
Predicting past and future SARS-CoV-2-related sick leave using discrete time Markov modelling
Authors: Lei Jiayao , Clements Mark , Elfström Miriam , Lundgren Kalle Conneryd , Dillner Joakim 
Published: August 2022

Background
Prediction of SARS-CoV-2-induced sick leave among healthcare workers (HCWs) is essential for being able to plan the healthcare response to the epidemic.

Methods
During first wave of the SARS-Cov-2 epidemic (April 23rd to June 24th, 2020), the HCWs in the greater Stockholm region in Sweden were invited to a study of past or present SARS-CoV-2 infection. We develop a discrete time Markov model using a cohort of 9449 healthcare workers (HCWs) who had complete data on SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibodies as well as sick leave data for the calendar year 2020. The one-week and standardized longer term transition probabilities of sick leave and the ratios of the standardized probabilities for the baseline covariate distribution were compared with the referent period (an independent period when there were no SARS-CoV-2 infections) in relation to PCR results, serology results and gender.

Results
The one-week probabilities of transitioning from healthy to partial sick leave or full sick leave during the outbreak as compared to after the outbreak were highest for healthy HCWs testing positive for large amounts of virus (ratio: 3.69, (95% confidence interval, CI: 2.44–5.59) and 6.67 (95% CI: 1.58–28.13), respectively). The proportion of all sick leaves attributed to COVID-19 during outbreak was at most 55% (95% CI: 50%-59%).

Conclusions
A robust Markov model enabled use of simple SARS-CoV-2 testing data for quantifying past and future COVID-related sick leave among HCWs, which can serve as a basis for planning of healthcare during outbreaks.
Time Does Not Pass if Time Began from an Infinite Past
Authors: Morita Kunihisa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhilosophers have long discussed whether time really passes. Simultaneously, they have also discussed whether time could have begun from an infinite past. This paper clarifies the relationship between the reality of time’s passage and an infinite past. I assert that time cannot have an infinite past if time really passes. This argument is based on a proposition that an infinite series of events cannot be completed if time really passes. A seemingly strong objection to this proposition is that no movement is possible if an infinite series cannot be completed. However, movement is clearly possible; thus, an infinite series can be completed. I argue that although it is sure that an infinite series can be completed in the static view, an infinite series cannot be completed (and thus, time could not have begun from an infinite past) in the dynamic view.
Local versus bulk circular dichroism enhancement by achiral all-dielectric nanoresonators
Authors: Czajkowski Krzysztof M. , Antosiewicz Tomasz J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Large optical chirality in the vicinity of achiral high-index dielectric nanostructures has been recently demonstrated as useful means of enhancing molecular circular dichroism. We theoretically study the spatial dependence of optical chirality enhancement in the vicinity of high-index dielectric nanodisks and highlight its importance for the design of nanophotonic platforms for circular dichroism enhancement. Using a T-matrix framework, we demonstrate that, depending on the disk aspect ratio, chirality is enhanced preferentially along different directions. We employ various statistical procedures, including surface, volume and orientation averaging, to predict enhancement of chiroptical effects and show that optimal properties of a nanostructure depend substantially on whether spatial maximum or average chirality enhancement is sought after. The results indicate that at times it is beneficial to sacrifice helicity preservation for a larger field enhancement. Similarly, the optimal choice of the nanostructure is influenced by presence of a substrate, which limits the space available to be occupied by analyte molecules and impacts the optical chirality in the vicinity of the nanostructure.
Crystal structure of diaqua-diphenanthroline-κ2
N,N′-bis(μ2-2-carboxy-3,4,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoato-κ2
O:O′)-bis(μ2-tetrafluorophthalato-κ3
O,O′:O′)didysprosium(III) – phenanthroline (1/2), C80H38Dy2F16N8O18
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Yu , Zhao Bei-Bei , Huang Shi-Jie , Song Jun-Ya , Liu Xin-Fang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
C80H38Dy2F16N8O18, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 11.3924(5) Å, b = 12.7091(4) Å, c = 13.2583(5) Å, α = 102.496(3)°, β = 97.955(4)°, γ = 105.588(4)°, V = 1765.36(12) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt
(F) = 0.0298, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0606, T = 293(2) K.
A review on the application of machine learning for combustion in power generation applications
Authors: Mohammadi Kasra , Immonen Jake , Blackburn Landen D. , Tuttle Jacob F. , Andersson Klas , Powell Kody M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Although the world is shifting toward using more renewable energy resources, combustion systems will still play an important role in the immediate future of global energy. To follow a sustainable path to the future and reduce global warming impacts, it is important to improve the efficiency and performance of combustion processes and minimize their emissions. Machine learning techniques are a cost-effective solution for improving the sustainability of combustion systems through modeling, prediction, forecasting, optimization, fault detection, and control of processes. The objective of this study is to provide a review and discussion regarding the current state of research on the applications of machine learning techniques in different combustion processes related to power generation. Depending on the type of combustion process, the applications of machine learning techniques are categorized into three main groups: (1) coal and natural gas power plants, (2) biomass combustion, and (3) carbon capture systems. This study discusses the potential benefits and challenges of machine learning in the combustion area and provides some research directions for future studies. Overall, the conducted review demonstrates that machine learning techniques can play a substantial role to shift combustion systems towards lower emission processes with improved operational flexibility and reduced operating cost.
Lower Vitamin D Levels are Associated with Higher Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii—a US National Survey Study
Authors: Huang Jiaofeng , Wu Yinlian , Wang Mingfang , Zhu Yueyong , Lin Su 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with high susceptibility to infections. The present study aimed at exploring the relationship between vitamin D levels and Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection, on the basis of a nationally representative database.

Methods:
The study data came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2001–2004. Participants underwent both Toxoplasma IgG antibody testing and serum vitamin D testing. Vitamin D deficiency was defined by a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level <20 ng/mL. Multivariate logistic regression and propensity score matching were used to adjust for potential confounders. All analyses were conducted in R software.

Results:
A total of 10613 participants were included. Among these, 3973 (37.4%) were vitamin D deficient, and 2070 (19.5%) were seropositive for T. gondii IgG antibody. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 42.3% of the seropositive population, compared with 36.3% of the seronegative population (P<0.001). After adjustment for sex, age, body mass index, smoking history, drinking history and testing season, vitamin D deficiency was associated with an elevated risk of T. gondii infection (OR=1.303, 95% CI=1.136–1.495, P<0.001). This effect persisted in the propensity matching cohort.

Conclusions:
Low vitamin D levels are associated with high seroprevalence of T. gondii.
Juridical Analysis of Dissenting Opinions of Constitutional Judges in Constitutional Court Decisions
Authors: Harahap Arbi Mahmuda , Haruni Catur Wido , Al-Fatih Sholahuddin 
Published: August 2022

This research will raise the issue that will be studied is, First, the regulation of dissenting opinion in the Constitutional Court's Event Law. Second, the legal power of dissenting opinion in the Constitutional Court Decision. Third, the legal implications of dissenting opinion in the Constitutional Court Decision. This resulted in the conclusion First, the arrangement of dissenting opinions in the constitutional court's guidelines in this case in the FMD cannot be found as a whole. The arrangement of dissenting opinion in the PMK independence of constitutional judges in conveying their opinions is still maintained. Second, explicitly, there is no setting on dissenting opinion. The phrase used in Law No. 24 of 2003 concerning the Constitutional Court is "the opinion of different members of the panel of judges". Third, the legal implications of dissenting opinion in the Constitutional Court's decision are legal uncertainty, violation of the hierarchy of laws and regulations, and the absence of legal order. The formulation of dissenting opinion is necessary to clarify its position in the law of events in the Constitutional Court. This can only be done if the legal instruments that govern it give full legitimacy to constitutional judges in dissenting. The author's advice in this study is to strengthen the legal power of dissenting opinion, as a preventive measure against future legal reforms to ensure certainty, justice. and the usefulness of the law for the whole society