bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined full shape analysis of BOSS galaxies and eBOSS quasars using an iterative emulator
Authors: Neveux Richard , Burtin Etienne , Ruhlmann-Kleider Vanina , de Mattia Arnaud , Semenaite Agne , Dawson Kyle S , de la Macorra Axel , Percival Will J , Rossi Graziano , Schneider Donald P , Zhao Gong-Bo 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Standard full-shape clustering analyses in Fourier space rely on a fixed power spectrum template, defined at the fiducial cosmology used to convert redshifts into distances, and compress the cosmological information into the Alcock–Paczynski parameters and the linear growth rate of structure. In this paper, we propose an analysis method that operates directly in the cosmology parameter space and varies the power spectrum template accordingly at each tested point. Predictions for the power spectrum multipoles from the TNS model are computed at different cosmologies in the framework of $\Lambda \rm {CDM}$. Applied to the final eBOSS QSO and LRG samples together with the low-z DR12 BOSS galaxy sample, our analysis results in a set of constraints on the cosmological parameters Ωcdm, H0, σ8, Ωb, and ns. To reduce the number of computed models, we construct an iterative process to sample the likelihood surface, where each iteration consists of a Gaussian process regression. This method is validated with mocks from N-body simulations. From the combined analysis of the (e)BOSS data, we obtain the following constraints: σ8 = 0.877 ± 0.049 and $\Omega _{\rm m}=0.304^{+0.016}_{-0.010}$ without any external prior. The eBOSS quasar sample alone shows a 3.1σ discrepancy compared to the Planck prediction.
SOX9 reprograms endothelial cells by altering the chromatin landscape
Authors: Fuglerud Bettina M , Drissler Sibyl , Lotto Jeremy , Stephan Tabea L , Thakur Avinash , Cullum Rebecca , Hoodless Pamela A 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe transcription factor SOX9 is activated at the onset of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) during embryonic development and in pathological conditions. Its roles in regulating these processes, however, are not clear. Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as an EndMT model, we show that SOX9 expression alone is sufficient to activate mesenchymal genes and steer endothelial cells towards a mesenchymal fate. By genome-wide mapping of the chromatin landscape, we show that SOX9 displays features of a pioneer transcription factor, such as opening of chromatin and leading to deposition of active histone modifications at silent chromatin regions, guided by SOX dimer motifs and H2A.Z enrichment. We further observe highly transient and dynamic SOX9 binding, possibly promoted through its eviction by histone phosphorylation. However, while SOX9 binding is dynamic, changes in the chromatin landscape and cell fate induced by SOX9 are persistent. Finally, our analysis of single-cell chromatin accessibility indicates that SOX9 opens chromatin to drive EndMT in atherosclerotic lesions in vivo. This study provides new insight into key molecular functions of SOX9 and mechanisms of EndMT and highlights the crucial developmental role of SOX9 and relevance to human disease.
Genetic predisposition and evolutionary traces of pediatric cancer risk: a prospective 5-year population-based genome sequencing study of children with CNS tumors
Authors: Stoltze Ulrik Kristoffer , Foss-Skiftesvik Jon , van Overeem Hansen Thomas , Byrjalsen Anna , Sehested Astrid , Scheie David , Stamm Mikkelsen Torben , Rasmussen Simon , Bak Mads , Okkels Henrik , Thude Callesen Michael , Skjøth-Rasmussen Jane , Gerdes Anne-Marie , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Mathiasen René , Wadt Karin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe etiology of central nervous system (CNS) tumors in children is largely unknown and population-based studies of genetic predisposition are lacking.MethodsIn this prospective, population-based study, we performed germline whole-genome sequencing in 128 children with CNS tumors, supplemented by a systematic pedigree analysis covering 3543 close relatives.ResultsThirteen children (10%) harbored pathogenic variants in known cancer genes. These children were more likely to have medulloblastoma (OR 5.9, CI 1.6–21.2) and develop metasynchronous CNS tumors (P = 0.01). Similar carrier frequencies were seen among children with low-grade glioma (12.8%) and high-grade tumors (12.2%). Next, considering the high mortality of childhood CNS tumors throughout most of human evolution, we explored known pediatric-onset cancer genes, showing that they are more evolutionarily constrained than genes associated with risk of adult-onset malignancies (P = 5e−4) and all other genes (P = 5e−17). Based on this observation, we expanded our analysis to 2986 genes exhibiting high evolutionary constraint in 141,456 humans. This analysis identified eight directly causative loss-of-functions variants, and showed a dose-response association between degree of constraint and likelihood of pathogenicity—raising the question of the role of other highly constrained gene alterations detected.ConclusionsApproximately 10% of pediatric CNS tumors can be attributed to rare variants in known cancer genes. Genes associated with high risk of childhood cancer show evolutionary evidence of constraint.
Morbidities among older workers and work exit: the HEAF cohort
Authors: Walker-Bone K , D’Angelo S , Linaker C H , Stevens M J , Ntani G , Cooper C , Syddall H E 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Governments need people to work to older ages, but the prevalence of chronic disease and comorbidity increases with age and impacts work ability.

Aims
To investigate the effects of objective health diagnoses on exit from paid work amongst older workers.

Methods
Health and Employment After Fifty (HEAF) is a population cohort of adults aged 50–64 years recruited from English GP practices which contribute to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Participants have completed questionnaires about health and work at baseline and annually for 2 years: their responses were linked with their objective health diagnoses from the CPRD and data analysed using Cox regression.

Results
Of 4888 HEAF participants ever in paid work, 580 (25%) men and 642 (25%) women exited employment, 277 of them mainly or partly for a health reason (health-related job loss (HRJL)). Amongst HEAF participants who remained in work (n = 3666) or who exited work but not for health reasons (n = 945), there was a similar prevalence of background health conditions. In men and women, HRJL was associated with inflammatory arthritis, sleep disorders, common mental health conditions and musculoskeletal pain. There were however gender differences: widespread pain and lower limb osteoarthritis were associated with HRJL in women but hypertension and cardiovascular disease in men.

Conclusions
Improved diagnosis and management of common conditions might be expected to increase working lives. Workplace well-being interventions targeting obesity and increasing mobility might contribute to extended working lives. Employers of predominantly female, as compared with male workforces may need different strategies to retain older workers.
The Impact of Reported β-Lactam Allergy on Clinical Outcomes and Antibiotic Use Among Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Authors: Zhang Helen L , Anesi Judith A , Hamilton Keith W , Cressman Leigh , Bilker Warren B , Lautenbach Ebbing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Reported β-lactam allergies (BLAs) are common and frequently inaccurate, but there are limited data on the clinical implications of BLA among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. We examined the impact of BLA on clinical outcomes and antibiotic use among SOT recipients.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included adult patients undergoing single-organ heart, kidney, liver, lung, or pancreas transplant at a United States academic medical center from 1 April 2017 to 31 December 2020. Demographic and clinical data were collected from the electronic health record. Multivariate median regression was performed to evaluate the association between BLA and days alive and out of the hospital in the first 180 days posttransplant (DAOH180). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between BLA and antibiotic use.

Results
Among 1700 SOT recipients, 285 (16.8%) had a BLA at the time of transplant. BLA was not associated with DAOH180 (adjusted median difference, –0.8 days [95% confidence interval {CI}, –2.7 to 1.2]; P = .43). Patients with BLA were more likely to receive intravenous vancomycin (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.8 [95% CI, 1.3–2.6]; P &lt; .001), clindamycin (aOR, 9.9 [95% CI, 5.1–18.9]; P &lt; .001), aztreonam (aOR, 19.6 [95% CI, 5.9–64.4]; P &lt; .001), fluoroquinolones (aOR, 3.8 [95% CI, 2.8–5.0]; P &lt; .001), or aminoglycosides (aOR, 3.9 [95% CI, 2.5–6.2]; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
BLA was associated with use of β-lactam alternative antibiotics but not DAOH180 among SOT recipients.
Explicating Agency: The Case of Visual Attention
Authors: Buehler Denis 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHow do individuals guide their activities towards some goal? Harry Frankfurt once identified the task of explaining guidance as the central problem in action theory. An explanation has proved to be elusive, however. In this paper, I show how we can marshal empirical research to make explanatory progress. I contend that human agents have a primitive capacity to guide visual attention, and that this capacity is actually constituted by a sub-individual psychological control-system: the executive system. I thus illustrate how we can explain exercises of individual-level guidance by appeal to its sub-individual constitution. This opens up a new avenue for explicating agency.
Mechanization of scalar field theory in 1+1 dimensions
Authors: Blaschke Filip , Karpíšek Ondřej Nicolas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
“Mechanization” is a procedure of replacing a scalar field in 1+1 dimensions with a piecewise linear function, i.e. a finite graph consisting of N joints (vertices) and straight segments (edges). As a result, the field theory is approximated by a sequence of algebraically tractable, general-purpose collective coordinate mechanical models. We observe the step-by-step emergence of dynamical objects and associated phenomena as N increases. “Mech-kinks” and “mech-oscillons”—mechanical analogs of kinks and oscillons (bions)—appear in the simplest models, while more intricate dynamical patterns, such as the bouncing phenomenon and bion pair-production, emerge gradually as decay states of high-N mech-oscillons.
Anti-melanoma effect and action mechanism of a novel chitosan-based composite hydrogel containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles
Authors: Xu Kejia , Wang Yifu , Xie Yao , Zhang Xiaoyan , Chen Wei , Li Zhongtao , Wang Tingting , Yang Xiao , Guo Bo , Wang Lin , Zhu Xiangdong , Zhang Xingdong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANPs) have been increasingly regarded and reported due to their potential anti-tumor ability. Previously, we found that the rod-like HANPs had good application potential for cutaneous melanoma (CMM). To satisfy the actual requirements in repairing post-operative skin defects and inhibiting CMM recurrence after tumorectomy, we constructed a novel chitosan/alginate (CS/Alg) hydrogel containing the aforementioned HANPs. The in vitro cell experiments confirmed that activated mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis was tightly related to the anti-tumor ability of HANPs. Specifically, we further discovered several target proteins might be involved in abnormal activating Wnt, proteoglycans in cancer, oxidative phosphorylation and p53 signaling pathways. The in vivo animal experiments demonstrated that the HANPs-loaded CS/Alg hydrogel (CS/Alg/HANPs) had a similar effect on inhibiting tumor growth as HANPs, and CS/Alg hydrogel as well as phosphate buffered saline (PBS) group (control) not showed any effect, proving the key role of HANPs. The immunohistochemical staining demonstrated a tumor inhibition via the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway, consistent with the in vitro evaluation. Moreover, CS/Alg/HANPs exhibited no additional biosafety risk to the functions of major organs. Overall, this CS/Alg/HANPs hydrogel has substantial application potential for treating CMM.
Design of functional biomaterials as substrates for corneal endothelium tissue engineering
Authors: Bosch Begona M , Bosch-Rue Elia , Perpiñan-Blasco Marina , Perez Roman A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Corneal endothelium defects are one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. The actual treatment is transplantation, which requires the use of human cadaveric donors, but it faces several problems, such as global shortage of donors. Therefore, new alternatives are being developed and, among them, cell therapy has gained interest in the last years due to its promising results in tissue regeneration. Nevertheless, the direct administration of cells may sometimes have limited success due to the immune response, hence requiring the combination with extracellular mimicking materials. In this review, we present different methods to obtain corneal endothelial cells from diverse cell sources such as pluripotent or multipotent stem cells. Moreover, we discuss different substrates in order to allow a correct implantation as a cell sheet and to promote an enhanced cell behavior. For this reason, natural or synthetic matrixes that mimic the native environment have been developed. These matrixes have been optimized in terms of their physicochemical properties, such as stiffness, topography, composition and transparency. To further enhance the matrixes properties, these can be tuned by incorporating certain molecules that can be delivered in a sustained manner in order to enhance biological behavior. Finally, we elucidate future directions for corneal endothelial regeneration, such as 3D printing, in order to obtain patient-specific substrates.
Price Discrimination and Public Policy in the US College Market
Authors: Fillmore Ian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the US, the federal government grants colleges access to a student’s Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) which facilitates substantial price discrimination. This article is the first to estimate the consequences of allowing colleges to use the FAFSA in their pricing decisions. I build and estimate a structural model of college pricing and simulate counterfactuals wherein some or all of the FAFSA information is restricted. I find that if FAFSA information were restricted, 13$\%$ of students attending elite colleges would be inefficiently priced out of the elite market. Nevertheless, student welfare would rise as colleges charged the majority of students lower prices. Colleges do use the FAFSA to transfer resources from high- to low-income students on average, but this redistribution is highly imprecise: allowing colleges to use the FAFSA harms one-third of low-income students while one in seven high-income students actually benefit.
Malaria diagnosis in an emergency department before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective study
Authors: Demotier Sophie , Gornet Marion , Belli Arianna , Huguenin Antoine , N'Guyen Yohan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted access to health facilities.

Methods
We assessed the number of blood smears sampled in the emergency department (ED) among all blood smears performed for malaria in Reims University Hospital before and after 2020.

Results
We showed a decrease in the number of blood smears performed after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, but only in 2020. The seasonal increase of cases during summer was preserved. All blood smears positive for malaria in 2020 were sampled in the ED.

Conclusions
The ED played a key role in the diagnosis of malaria with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Early Discontinuation, Results Reporting, and Publication of Gynecology Clinical Trials From 2007 to 2020
Authors: Steinberg Jecca R. , Magnani Christopher J. , Turner Brandon E. , Weeks Brannon T. , Young Anna Marie P. , Lu Connie Fei , Zhang Naixin , Richardson Michael Taylor , Fitzgerald Alison Conway , Mekonnen Zesemayat , Redman Tene , Adetunji Modupe , Martin Shanique A. , Anderson Jill N. , Chan Katelyn S. , Milad Magdy P. 
Published: July 2022

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2022;139:821–831)
The aim of this study was to characterize gynecology clinical trials over time, compare trials in various subspecialties, and analyze factors associated with early discontinuation, failure, or inadequacy to report results, as well as to publish and disseminate findings of gynecology clinical trials. The authors performed cross-sectional analysis of all gynecology trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov between 2007 and 2020 and their resulting publications.
Outcomes of the Second Aqueous Shunt Implant Versus Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation Treatment Study: A Randomized Comparative Trial
Authors: Feldman Robert M. , Chuang Alice Z. , Mansberger Steve L. , Tanna Angelo P. , Blieden Lauren S. , Bell Nicholas P. , Gross Ronald L. , Pasquale Louis R. , Greenfield David S. , Liebmann Jeffrey M. , Weinreb Robert N. ,   the ASSISTS Group
Published: July 2022

Précis:
Short-term overall success rates were high with either SGDD or CPC. However, SGDD was associated with more clinic visits and an increased risk of additional glaucoma surgery. Both treatments were reasonable options for eyes with inadequately controlled IOP after a single GDD.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to compare the implantation of a second glaucoma drainage device (SGDD) and transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (CPC) in eyes with inadequately controlled intraocular pressure (IOP), despite the presence of a preexisting glaucoma drainage device.

Methods:
Patients with inadequately controlled IOP, despite the medical therapy and a preexisting glaucoma drainage device, were enrolled at 14 clinical centers and randomly assigned to treatment with a SGDD or CPC.

Main Outcome Measures:
Surgical failure was defined as: (1) IOP ≤5 mm Hg or >18 mm Hg or <20% reduction below baseline on maximum tolerated topical ocular hypotensive therapy, (2) reoperation for glaucoma, or (3) loss of light perception. The primary outcome measure was overall success with or without adjunctive medical therapy.

Results:
Forty-two eyes of 42 participants were randomized to SGDD (n=22) or CPC (n=20). Mean duration of follow-up was 18.6 (±12.1; range: 1.1–38.6) months. The cumulative success rate was 79% for SGDD and 88% for CPC at 1 year (P=0.63). Although the study was underpowered, no significant differences in IOP, postoperative number of IOP-lowering medications, or adverse events were observed. The number of additional glaucoma surgeries (P=0.003), office visits during the first 3 months (P<0.001), and office visits per month after month 3 (P<0.001) were greater in the SGDD group.

Conclusions:
Short-term overall success rates were high with either SGDD or CPC. However, SGDD was associated with more clinic visits and an increased risk of additional glaucoma surgery.
Cross-sectional Study of Workers Employed at a Copper Smelter—Effects of Long-term Exposures to Copper on Lung Function and Chronic Inflammation
Authors: Haase Lisa-Marie , Birk Thomas , Poland Craig A. , Holz Olaf , Müller Meike , Bachand Annette M. , Mundt Kenneth A. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to assess the effect of exposure to copper-containing dust on lung function and inflammatory endpoints among workers of a German copper plant, effects rarely studied before.MethodsOne hundred four copper-exposed smelter workers and 70 referent workers from the precious metal and lead facilities were included, with different metal exposures in both groups due to the different process materials. Body plethysmography, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurements, and blood sampling were conducted in all workers. Smoking status and the use of respiratory protective equipment were considered. In a subgroup of 40 nonsmoking volunteers (28 copper-exposed and 12 referents), sputum biomarkers were assessed.ResultsMedian lung function values of both copper-exposed and the referent groups were within reference ranges of “healthy” individuals, and statistical differences between the groups were mostly not evident. Similarly, differences in blood and sputum biomarkers were too small to be biologically relevant.ConclusionThe results suggest the absence of the detectable effects of copper-containing dust exposure on lung function or chronic inflammation within the investigated cohort.
A Moderated Mediation Analysis of New Work-Related Stressors, Psychological Distress, and Absenteeism in Health Care During a Pandemic
Authors: Parent-Lamarche Annick , Laforce Sonia 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the effects of new work-related stressors on psychological distress and absenteeism and the role of recognition in these relationships.MethodsModerated path analyses were carried out on a sample of 1128 health care workers.ResultsIncreased workload related to COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) (β= 1.511,P≤ 0.01) and fear of COVID-19 (β= 0.844,P≤ 0.01) were directly associated with a higher level of psychological distress and indirectly (β= 2.306,P≤ 0.01; andβ= 1.289,P≤ 0.05, respectively) associated with a higher level of absenteeism. Recognition (β= 0.260,P≤ 0.001) moderated the association between teleworking and psychological distress. Furthermore, this significant moderation effect had a significant impact on absenteeism (β= 0.392,P≤ 0.05). Regardless of the workplace (on site or teleworking), high recognition was beneficial for psychological distress. This effect seems more important when working on site.ConclusionsThe results propose that specific new work-related stressors should be addressed in the context of organizational change (eg, a pandemic).
Agreement Between SARS-CoV-2 PCR Test Results Using Nasopharyngeal and Mid-Turbinate Specimens Among Asymptomatic Working-Age Adults
Authors: Wendt Hess Judy , Bhojani Faiyaz , Cameron Derrick , Freire de Carvalho Mary , Momin Fayaz 
Published: July 2022

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine whether mid-turbinate specimens reliably detect active infection in asymptomatic adults undergoing regular COVID-19 PCR testing.

Methods
Qualitative agreement between 2481 paired nasopharyngeal and mid-turbinate PCR results was assessed. Mean cycle threshold values for each positive result were evaluated as an indicator of active infection.

Results
Overall agreement between nasopharyngeal and mid-turbinate tests was 98.4%. Positive percent agreement was 37.2%, and negative percent agreement was ~100%. Test pairs with lower cycle thresholds (≤30 and ≤25) reached 67% and 100% positive percent agreement, respectively.

Conclusions
SARS-CoV-2 infections with high viral loads were detected regardless of specimen type. Mid-turbinate swabs reduced staff discomfort and may decrease repeated positive test results weeks or months after initial infection. Discordant pairs generally had high cycle threshold values (>30) indicating low viral load and little risk of transmitting COVID-19.