bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF DELAYED CORD CLAMPING AND CORD MILKING EFFECTS ON NEONATAL APGAR SCORE AND HAEMATOCRIT
Authors: Sabir Ghulam , Raja Ayesha , Mahboob Saira , Shoukat Saima , Kashif Ali , Iffat Shazia 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To assess the feasibility of umbilical cord milking as an alternative to delayed cord clamping during caserean section by comparing neonatal outcomes.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anesthesiology, Combined Military Hospital, Okara, from Mar to Oct 2018.
Methodology: A total of 384 cases (n=192 in each group) were included in our study. In group A, the half-length of umbilical cord was milked thrice by the operating surgeon before clamping and cutting it. In group B the umbilical cord was cut 90 second after delivery of the baby. The outcomes were: APGAR score at one and five minutes after delivery, haemglobin and haematocrit 4 hours after delivery of baby. Requirement of oxygen and ventilatory support during the 24 hours after birth were also noted.
Results: Our two study groups didn’t vary in their demographic profile. The difference between the APGAR score at one and five minutes was not statistically significant, (p>0.05). The diffrence in haemoglobin and haematocrit levels of the neonates 4 hours after delivery were insignificant (p-value 0.27 and 0.14 respectively).
Conclusion: Milking of the umbilical cord can be used as an alternative to the recommended technique of delayed umbilical cord clamping, especially when immediate resuscitation of the newborn is needed.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HIGH SENSITIVITY C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (HS-CRP) AND GLYCEMIC MARKERS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Imran Shehar Bano , Dildar Shabnam , Taj Sadia , Khanum Afshan , Ahmed Qasim 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the relationship between high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) and glycemic markers in samples of individuals with diabetes.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Fatima Memorial Hospital Lahore, from Feb to Aug 2019.
Methodology: Consecutive patients aged 18-65 years coming for screening of diabetes mellitus (DM) were included. Blood sample for plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) were analyzed.
Results: Total 93 subjects were included, out of which 42 (45.2%) were males and 51 (54.8%) were females with the mean age of 48.3 ± 12 years and 42.6 ± 14 years respectively. Median concentration of hs-CRP in males and females was 0.7 (IQR1.2) mg/L and 0.6 (IQR1.4) mg/L (p-value=0.844) respectively. A significant positive correlation was observed between hs-CRP levels, HBA1c with r=0.205 (p=0.05) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) with r=0.225 (p=0.03). However, no significant relationship was found between hs-CRP and age, BMI, waist circumference and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), HDL-cholesterol.
Conclusion: HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose is significantly associated with hs-CRP. This implies a significant relation between inflammation and glycemic markers. This leads to the conclusion that patients with diabetes and high hs-CRP need further evaluation, follow-up and therapy for inflammation compared to those with low hs-CRP.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF CASEIN PHOSPHOPEPTIDE AMORPHOROUS CALCIUM PHOSPHATE AND SODIUM FLOURIDE VARNISH IN DENTINE HYPERSENTIVITY
Authors: Abbas Beenish , Sattar Madeeha , Abbas Sana , Rahim Shoaib , Ishfaque Qamar , Wajahat Mehreen 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine efficacy of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate and sodium fluoride varnish in managing dentine hypersentivity.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Foundation University College of Dentistry, Islamabad, from Jun to Nov 2020.
Methodology: Patients of both gender 20-60 years of age with ASA “American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification” status I (completely healthy fit patient) or status II (patient has mild systemic disease) diagnosed with dentine hypersensitivity of incisors, canines, premolars with clinical evidence of erosion, abrasion, gingival recession not requiring restorative treatment were enrolled in the study. At first visit baseline, dentine hypersentivity was recorded by means of tactile and evaporative stimuli, response was quantified using visual analogue scale. Patients were randomly divided in two groups 1-casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate, 2-sodium fluoride varnish desensitizing agent was applied conferring to manufacturer instructions. Visual analogue scale readings were assessed at base line and post treatment valueswas recorded at 7th, 15th, 30th day.
Results: Total 80 patients enrolled in the study with a mean age of 36.26 ± 8.91 years and age-range of 21-60 years. Visual analogue scale results of group-1 (n=40) were recorded at baseline as 5.9 ± 0 .94, 7th day 1.9 ± 0.92, 15th day 1.4 ± 0 .81 and 30th day 1.0 ± 0.71. In case of group-2 Visual Analogue Score recorded to be 6.2 ± 1.24,3.2 ± 0.81, 3.0 ± 0.52 and 2.7 ± 1.12 at baseline, 7th, 15th, and 30th day respectively.
Conclusion: Casein phosphopeptide amorphous..................
DETERMINATION OF DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS (CRP, LDH & FERRITIN) IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF COVID-19 IN SUSPECTED COVID CASES
Authors: Ashiq Tayyaba , Sattar Abdus , Uddin Nasir , Bashir Qamar , Shaheen Sajida , Ijaz Aamir 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of the Lactate Dehydrogenase, C-Reactive Protein and Ferritin in suspected patients of COVID-19.
Study Design: Cross-sectional validation study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pathology department of Combined Military Hospital Lahore in the month of May 2020.
Methodology: We included 101 adult (>18 years) symptomatic suspected COVID-19 patients of both genders. Children, pregnant women and asymptomatic patients were excluded from study. Age, gender and results of Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Lactate Dehydrogenase, C-Reactive Protein, ferritin were recorded.
Results: Lactate Dehydrodenase had highest sensitivity (75%) with positive predictive value of 71.6% and diagnostic accuracy of 65.3% among three biochemical parameters studied. Receiver Operator Characteristic curve was studied. Area under curve of Lactate Dehydrogenase (AUC=0.65) and Ferritin (AUC=0.59) reflected their ability to prognosticate the presence of COVID19 disease. However, C-Reactive Protein (AUC=0.42) appeared to be a poor predictor of the disease.
Conclusion: Raised serum Lactate Dehydrogenase (>490 U/L) and Ferritin (>152 ng/L) levels can be used to predict the Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction positivity for COVID-19 in the population of suspected patients of COVID19. However, C-Reactive Protein is a poor predictor of COVID-19.
ASSOCIATION OF STEROID RECEPTOR EXPRESSION WITH THE CLINICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN PATIENTS WITH ENDOMETRIAL CANCER
Authors: Shahid Aisha , Haider Ghulam , Memon Paras , Beg Shumyla , Shahzadi Mehwish , Abbas Kiran 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the association of estrogen and progesterone receptor expression with the clinical and histological findings of endometrial cancer.
Study Design: Prospective observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi between Sep 2017 to Oct 2019.
Methodology: A total of 130 patients were diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma. Data from patient files were collected regarding tumour histology, grade, stage, tumour receptor expression, and the clinical characteristics: parity, menopausal status. The receptor expression profile was documented for each patient. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. The association between ER/PR expression categories and clinical/histological features were explored using the chi-square test.
Results: The estrogen and progesterone receptor expressions were significantly associated with low-grade (Grade I and II) tumours and with Stage I and Stage II endometrial carcinoma with p<0.001. About 34 (34.7%) cases of endometrioid histology were negative for both estrogen and progesterone receptors. The ER and PR negativity was strongly associated with Grade III endometrial cancer (p=0.003). The majority of the stage IV cancers were negative for both the ER and PR receptors with a p<0.001.
Conclusion: Estrogen and progesterone positivity was associated with endometrioid adenocarcinoma, well-differentiated, and less advanced stage of endometrial cancer at the time of diagnosis.
COMPARISON OF OVULATION INDUCTION LETROZOLE AND CLOMIPHENE CITRATE IN SUBFERTILE WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME
Authors: Shafiq Amna , Akbar Rabiya , Urooj Uzma , Zohra Sadaf , Afzal Shazia , Tanveer Madiha 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare the ovulation induction of letrozole and clomiphene citrate in sub-fertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Jun 2018 to Aug 2019.
Methodology: A total of 116 married sub-fertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome, 16-40 years of age were included. Patients with previous surgery related to genital tract, hypothyroidism and chronic renal failure were excluded. Letrozole 5.0mg daily from Day 5-9 of menstruation was prescribed to group A women and clomiphene citrate 100 mg daily from Day 5-9 of menses was given to group B women.
Results: In group A and in group B, mean age was 29.78 ± 4.71 years and 29.95 ± 4.22 years respectively. Most of the patients 59 (50.86%) were between 18-30 years of age. Mean duration since marriage was 4.23 ± 1.42 years. Mean body mass index was 29.71 ± 2.65 kg/m2. Frequency of ovulation of clomiphene citrate and letrozole in sub-fertile women with polycystic ovaries was 28 (42.28%) versus 42 (72.41%) respectively (p-value=0.008).
Conclusion: This study concluded that ovulation induction of letrozole is better than clomiphene citrate in sub-fertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.
VARIATIONS IN CLINICAL PRESENTATION, NEUROIMAGING AND EEG PATTERNS OF SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS
Authors: Wasim Areeba , Alvi Javeria Raza , Ghani Natasha , Khalily Athar , Rehman Zia Ur , Sultan Tipu 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the variations in clinical presentation, neuroimaging and electroencephalography patterns of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Children’s Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan, from Jul to Dec 2020.
Methodology: We recruited children presented with clinical features suggestive of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, along with positive anti-measles antibodies on cerebrospinal fluid. Association between variables was determined to formulate an early diagnosis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
Results: Out of 47 children, 29 were males with a mean age of 6.54 ± 2.9 years. Only 23% were fully immunized against measles, 36.2% were unvaccinated and 40.4% received partial immunization. The mean age of measles infection was 1.49 ± 1.2 years; the mean interval between measles and onset of SSPE was 4.13 ± 3 years. Atypical clinical presentation was seen in 38.3% with intractable epilepsy (8.5%), focal deficit (8.5%) and extrapyramidal symptoms (8.5%) being commonest followed by coma (6.4%), visual loss (4.3%) and psychosis (2.1%). Neuroimaging was suggestive of cortical hyperintensities in 46.8% and was normal in 46.8%. Electroencephalography showed burst suppression in 55.3% and atypical findings in 19.1%. Younger age (1-1.5 years) of measles and unimmunized status were associated with early onset of SSPE with a p-value of 0.001 and 0.05 respectively. Non-immunized status was associated with atypical presentation of SSPE (p-value <0.05).
Conclusion: The younger age of measles infection and failure to receive complete immunization led to early onset of Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis with an atypical presentation.
COMPLICATIONS OF INTRA ABDOMINAL DRAINS: A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE
Authors: Azhar Muhammad , Memon Munawer Latif , Akhtar Naeem , Altaf Anam 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare frequency of intra-abdominal complications in drainage and non-drainage group among patents who underwent intra-abdominal surgeries.
Study Design: Comparative prospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Surgery, Pakistan Ordinance Factory, Wah Cantt, from Mar 2018 to Jul 2018.
Methodology: There were 32 patients, 16 in each group. Patients were selected through the process of consecutive sampling. Patients were randomly divided into two groups (random number table method); group A patients underwent intra-abdominal drain while group B was non-drainage group. Patients were followed up for 7 days and observed for complications.
Results: Total 32 patients were included in the study. There were 14 (43.8%) males and 18 (56.3%) females. Mean age of patients was 43.2 ± 9.5 years. Drain group showed significantly low anastomosis leakage (p=0.02), wound infection (p=0.05), mortality (p=0.04), pulmonary complications (p=0.05) and bleeding (p=0.03) as compared to the non-drain group.
Conclusion: Intra-abdominal drains are associated with several complications. Anastomosis leakage is the most common complication following pulmonary complications and bleeding. However, drains help in early detection of complications and timely management of such complications leads to better outcome of a surgical procedure.
ENDOSCOPIC ENDONASAL DACRYOCYSTORHINOSTOMY: EXPERIENCE OF HUNDRED CASES
Authors: Shahid Muhammad , Awais Muhammad , Akram Amjad , Naqvi Syed Abid Hassan , Zafar Omar , Malik Tahir Mumtaz 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the success rate of Endonasal Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy (Endo-DCR) in cases of chronic dacryocystitis secondary to primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO).
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Oculoplastic Surgery, Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology Rawalpindi, from Sep 2018 to Nov 2019.
Methodology: Endo-DCR under General Anaesthesia was performed on 100 patients of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction causing chronic dacryocystitis. Post-operatively these patients were checked on first post-op day, then on one week and finally four months after surgery. We removed silicone tubes of all the patients four months after surgery. To ensure patency of lacrimal passage, we did syringing and irrigation of lacrimal system of all cases, at conclusion of the study. We chose absence of epiphora and patent lacrimal system on syringing as indicators of successful procedure.
Results: Hundred patients (males 37; females 63) were recruited for this study. Mean age of our sample population was 51.1 ± 29 years. Right nasolacrimal duct obstruction cases were 56 whereas left nasolacrimal duct obstruction cases were 44. Subjective improvement i.e., absence of epiphora was found in 90% patients. We got successful irrigation of lacrimal passages (objective improvement) in 94% of patients.
Conclusion: Endo-DCR yields comparable results to external Dacryocystorhinostomy (Ex DCR). It offers additional benefits of esthetically better outcome, lesser complication rate and short surgery and patient recovery time.
THE EFFECT OF INTRAVENOUS MAGNESIUM SULFATE ON CHILDREN ADMITTED WITH ACUTE BRONCHIOLITIS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Ara Andaleeb , Ikram Farooq , Ullah Hidayat , Asmat Shakila , Tareen Nadia 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To assess the efficacy of using intravenous Magnesium Sulfate along with the conventional treatment in the management of acute bronchiolitis
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pediatrics department in Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta, from Jan to Jul 2019.
Methodology: The study was approved by institutional ethical committee of Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar. Children, 2 months to 2 years of age, with acute bronchiolitis having clinical severity score of ≥5, presenting to the OPD and emergency department were enrolled in the study after getting informed consent from the guardian. They were randomly assigned group A receiving intravenous Magnesium Sulfate and group B receiving placebo along with the conventional treatment for both. Data was analysed with SPSS-21.
Results: Total 108 patients were included in the study with 54 (50%) in group A and 54 (50%) in group B. Mean age in the study was 12.02 ± 6.421 months. Mean age in group A and B was 11.17 ± 6.40 and 12.87 ± 6.38 months respectively. Out of 108 patients 50 (46.3%) were males while 58 (53.7%) were females. There was statistically significant difference in the efficacy of treatment between two groups with values being 48 (88.9%) and 37 (68.5%) for Magnesium Sulfate and control groups respectively (p=0.01).
Conclusion: From a clinical point of view, intravenous Magnesium Sulfate combined with conventional treatment is more effective than conventional treatment alone in the management of acute bronchiolitis.
EFFICACY OF 5% POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE VERSUS 10% POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION FOR THE TREATMENT OF MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Baloch Hina Saleem , Ahmed Najia , Bari Arfan Ul , Farooq Omer , Qureshi Abdullah Ahmad Waqar 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare the efficacy of 5% potassium hydroxide (KOH) and 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum at a tertiary care Hospital.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Dermatology Department, Tertiary Care Hospital Karachi, from Oct 2019 to Apr 2021.
Methodology: Sixty patients with molluscum contagiosum who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in the outpatient department of tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Patients were divided into two groups, A (5% KOH) and B (10% KOH) of 30 patients each. Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) solution was applied at home using the cotton-tipped applicator twice daily. Follow-up of patients was done at 2-weekly intervals for 12 weeks. Efficacy was measured based on the resolution of lesions or improvement from baseline.
Results: Complete response occurred in 23 (76.7%) cases in 10% KOH Group while 6 (20%) in 5% KOH Group, Partial response occurred in 6 (20%) in 10% KOH group while 15 (50%) in 5% KOH group, No response occurred in 1 (3.33%) in 10% KOH group and 9 (30%) in 5% KOH group (p<0.001).
Conclusion: 10% Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) is an efficient modality for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum compared to 5% Potassium Hydroxide (KOH).
ROLE OF INTERLEUKIN-6 AND PROCALCITONIN AS INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKERS IN EVALUATING COVID-19 DISEASE SEVERITY ON HRCT CHESTAN EXPERIENCE AT CMH QUETTA
Authors: Ayub Zeeshan , Ahmed Azeema , Afzal Farah , Bashir Saima , Iqbal Hamid , Nawaz Khurram Haq 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To explore the relation of Interleukin-6 and Procalcitonin with COVID-19 severity on high resolution computerized tomogram (HRCT) chest.
Study Design: Randomized Control Trial (NCT04945811).
Place and Duration of study: Pathology Department, Combined Military Hospital Quetta, from April 2020 to May 2021.
Methodology: Serum Interleukin-6 and Procalcitonin of 100 consenting COVID-19 positive patients from April 2020 to May 2021 were assessed at Pathology department Combined Military Hospital Quetta and their levels were correlated with severity of lung involvement on HRCT Chest
Results: Serum Interlukin-6 levels were significantly raised in 97 patients with mean levels of 20.43 ± 19.66 (pg/ml). Serum procalcitonin levels were also significantly raised in 95 patients with mean levels of 0.43 ± 0.24 (ng/ml).
Conclusion: Interlukin-6 and procalcitonin are important biomarkers for diagnosis and predicting severity of COVID-19 pneumonia.
COMPARISON OF MICRODEBRIDER - ASSISTED TURBINOPLASTY VERSUS ENDOSCOPIC PARTIAL TURBINECTOMY IN CASES OF INFERIOR TURBINATE HYPERTROPHY IN ALLERGIC RHINITIS PATIENTS
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ahmed , Nawaz Faiz Ul Hassan , Tahir Muhammad , Mazhar Hina , Dawood Muhammad , Rahim Ejaz 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare microdebrider-assisted turbinoplasty versus endoscopic partial turbinectomy in cases of inferior turbinate hypertrophy in allergic rhinitis patients in terms of relief/improvement of nasal obstruction, post operative bleeding, crusting and synechie formation.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Mardan and Combined Military Hospital Malir, from Jan 2019 to Jan 2020.
Methodology: A total of 90 patients of allergic rhinitis with severe nasal obstruction due to bilateral inferior turbinate hypertrophy fulfilling the inclusion exclusion criteria were selected. Cases were randomly divided into two groups of 45 each. Group A cases underwent microdebrider assisted turbinoplasty and Group B cases underwent partial turbinectomy via endoscpic approach. They were comparedin terms of post op bleeding, relief of nasal obstruction, post op crusting & synechie/adhesions. All the data was entered on SPSS-17 and analyzed.
Results: Out of 90 cases, there were 43 (47.8%) females and 47 (52.2%) males with age range from 15-65, mean age 37.68 ± 11.56 Years. There was only 1 case of post op bleeding after microdebrider assisted turbinoplasty requiring nasal packing in contrast to 6 cases of post op bleeding after endoscopic partial turbinectomy. On one month post op visit, there was no case of nasal crusting in turbinoplasty group in contrast to 7 of mild and 1 of moderate crusting & 3 synechie/adhesions in endoscopic partial turbinectomy group.
Conclusion: Microdebrider-assisted turbinoplasty is associated with less post operative bleeding and synechie formation as compared to endoscopic turbinectomy.
ROLE OF FIBRIN GLUE FOR BETTER SUCCESS RATE IN MYRINGOPLASTY
Authors: Aslam Sohail , Asghar Adnan , Bukhari Syed Muhammad Asad Shabbir , Akhtar Sunarays , Mumtaz Hamza , Waseem Muhammad Fahad 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To see graft uptake success rate in platelet rich fibrin aided underlay myringoplasties using temporalis fascia graft compared to conventional underlay myringoplasties.
Study Design: Double blind randomized controlled trial study.
Place and Duration of Study: ENT department, Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Hospital, from Jan to Jun 2019.
Methodology: Sixty cases with dry central tympanic membrane perforations were recruited. The patients suffering from sensori-neural hearing loss and co-morbidities like diabetes were excluded. The sampling technique was probability simple random. Patients were divided into two groups by lottery method. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS. The chi square test was applied to calculate p-value.
Results: Out of total 60 patients 38 were males and 22 were females. Study group’s (Fibrin) mean age was 31.77 ± 12.43 years and Control group’s mean age was 27.53 ± 11.41 years. All the patients in platelet rich fibrin group had successful graft uptake at 2 months follow-up. In control group with conventional technique 23 out of 30 patients had successful graft uptake and rest 7 patients had different issues leading to graft rejection.
Conclusion: In under lay myringoplasty procedure, application of platelet rich fibrin on temporalis fascia graft edge and perforation edges has significantly improved the successful uptake rate of graft.