bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broad-band spectral analysis of LMXB 2S 0921-63 with Suzaku
Authors: Sharma Prince , Jain Chetana , Dutta Anjan 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We present the broad-band spectral analysis of the low-mass X-ray binary 2S 0921-63 by using the Suzaku archival data covering the orbital phase between 0.31 and 1.16 during four close observations. It is the first time that a broad-band spectral analysis of 2S 0921-63 has been done up to 25 keV. The 0.5–10 keV XIS count rate varied between ∼1 and ∼5 counts s−1 during the observations. A partial X-ray eclipse and broad post-eclipse intensity dip were observed during the observations. The X-ray emission hardened marginally during the intensity dip. We have modelled the source spectra by simultaneously fitting the XIS and HXD-PIN spectra for each of the four observations. The broad-band spectra of the source can be described by a model comprising a very hot blackbody having temperature, kTBB ≈ 1.66–2.13 keV, a high-energy cut-off power law, and an Fe emission line at Eline ∼ 6.7 keV. A second model, accounting for the Comptonization of the thermal emission from accretion disc along with an Fe emission line, describes the broad-band spectra of 2S 0921-63 equally well.
The survey of planetary nebulae in Andromeda (M31) – IV. Radial oxygen and argon abundance gradients of the thin and thicker disc
Authors: Bhattacharya Souradeep , Arnaboldi Magda , Caldwell Nelson , Gerhard Ortwin , Kobayashi Chiaki , Hartke Johanna , Freeman Kenneth C , McConnachie Alan W , Guhathakurta Puragra 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We obtain a magnitude-limited sample of Andromeda (M 31) disc PNe with chemical abundance estimated through the direct detection of the [O iii] 4363 Å line. This leads to 205 and 200 PNe with oxygen and argon abundances, respectively. We find that high- and low-extinction M 31 disc PNe have statistically distinct argon and oxygen abundance distributions. In the radial range of 2−30 kpc, the older low-extinction disc PNe are metal-poorer on average with a slightly positive radial oxygen abundance gradient (0.006 ± 0.003 dex kpc−1) and slightly negative for argon (−0.005 ± 0.003 dex kpc−1), while the younger high-extinction disc PNe are metal-richer on average with steeper radial abundance gradients for both oxygen (−0.013 ± 0.006 dex kpc−1) and argon (−0.018 ± 0.006 dex kpc−1), similar to the gradients computed for the M 31 H ii regions. The M 31 disc abundance gradients are consistent with values computed from major merger simulations, with the majority of the low-extinction PNe being the older pre-merger disc stars in the thicker disc, and the majority of the high-extinction PNe being younger stars in the thin disc, formed during and after the merger event. The chemical abundance of the M 31 thicker disc has been radially homogenized because of the major merger. Accounting for disc scale lengths, the positive radial oxygen abundance gradient of the M 31 thicker disc is in sharp contrast to the negative one of the MW thick disc. However, the thin discs of the MW and M 31 have remarkably similar negative oxygen abundance gradients.
Galaxy source counts at 7.7, 10, and 15 μm with the James Webb Space Telescope
Authors: Ling Chih-Teng , Kim Seong Jin , Wu Cossas K-W , Goto Tomotsugu , Kilerci Ece , Hashimoto Tetsuya , Lin Yu-Wei , Wang Po-Ya , Ho Simon C-C , Hsiao Tiger Yu-Yang 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We present mid-infrared (IR) galaxy number counts based on the Early Release Observations obtained by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) at 7.7-, 10-, and 15-μm (F770W, F1000W, and F1500W, respectively) bands of the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI). Due to the superior sensitivity of JWST, the 80-per cent completeness limits reach 0.32, 0.79, and 2.0 μJy in F770W, F1000W, and F1500W filters, respectively, i.e. ∼100 times deeper than previous space IR telescopes such as Spitzer or AKARI. The number counts reach much deeper than the broad bump around 0.05∼0.5 mJy due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions. An extrapolation towards fainter flux from the evolutionary models in the literature agrees amazingly well with the new data, where the extrapolated faint-end of IR luminosity functions combined with the cosmic star-formation history to higher redshifts can reproduce the deeper number counts by JWST. Our understanding of the faint IR sources has been confirmed by the observed data due to the superb sensitivity of JWST.
The globular clusters and star formation history of the isolated, quiescent ultra-diffuse galaxy DGSAT I
Authors: Janssens Steven R , Romanowsky Aaron J , Abraham Roberto , Brodie Jean P , Couch Warrick J , Forbes Duncan A , Laine Seppo , Martínez-Delgado David , van Dokkum Pieter G 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We investigate the isolated, quiescent ultra-diffuse galaxy (UDG) DGSAT I and its globular cluster (GC) system using two orbits of Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys imaging in the F606W and F814W filters. This is the first study of GCs around a UDG in a low-density environment. DGSAT I was previously found to host an irregular blue low surface brightness clump, which we confirm as very likely belonging to the galaxy rather than being a chance projection, and represents a recent episode of star formation (∼500 Myr) that challenges some UDG formation scenarios. We select GC candidates based on colours and magnitudes, and construct a self-consistent model of the GC radial surface density profile along with the background. We find a half-number radius of RGC = 2.7 ± 0.1 kpc (more compact than the diffuse starlight) and a total of 12 ± 2 GCs. The total mass fraction in GCs is relatively high, supporting an overmassive dark matter halo as also implied by the high velocity dispersion previously measured. The GCs extend to higher luminosities than expected, and have colours that are unusually similar to their host galaxy colour, with a very narrow spread, all of which suggest an early, intense burst of cluster formation. The nature and origin of this galaxy remain puzzling, but the most likely scenario is a ‘failed galaxy’ that formed relatively few stars for its halo mass, and could be related to cluster UDGs whose size and quiescence pre-date their infall.
Modelling the flare in NGC 1097 from 1991 to 2004 as a tidal disruption event
Authors: Zhang Xue-Guang 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
In the letter, interesting evidence is reported to support a central tidal disruption event (TDE) in the known AGN NGC 1097. Considering the motivations of TDE as one probable origination of emission materials of double-peaked broad emission lines and also as one probable explanation to changing-look AGN, it is interesting to check whether there are clues to support a TDE in NGC 1097, not only a changing-look AGN but also an AGN with double-peaked broad emission lines. Under the assumption that the onset of broad Hα emission was due to a TDE, the 13 yr-long (1991–2004) variability of double-peaked broad Hα line flux in NGC 1097 can be well predicted by theoretical TDE model, with a (1 − 1.5) M⊙ main-sequence star tidally disrupted by the central BH with TDE model determined mass about (5 − 8) × 107 M⊙. The results provide interesting evidence to not only support TDE-related origin of double-peaked broad line emission materials but also support TDE as an accepted physical explanation to physical properties of changing-look AGN.
The pattern speeds of vertical breathing waves
Authors: Khachaturyants Tigran , Debattista Victor P , Ghosh Soumavo , Beraldo e Silva Leandro , Daniel Kathryne J 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We measure and compare the pattern speeds of vertical breathing, vertical bending, and spiral density waves in two isolated N-body+SPH simulations, using windowed Fourier transforms over $1 \mbox{$\:{\rm Gyr}$}$ time intervals. We show that the pattern speeds of the breathing waves match those of the spirals but are different from those of the bending waves. We also observe matching pattern speeds between the bar and breathing waves. Our results not only strengthen the case that, throughout the disc, breathing motions are driven by spirals but indeed that the breathing motions are part and parcel of the spirals.
Topological materials for full-vector elastic waves
Authors: Wu Ying , Lu Jiuyang , Huang Xueqin , Yang Yating , Luo Li , Yang Linyun , Li Feng , Deng Weiyin , Liu Zhengyou 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Elastic wave manipulation is important in a wide variety of applications, including information processing in small elastic devices and noise control in large solid structures. The recent emergence of topological materials has opened new avenues for modulating elastic waves in solids. However, because of the full-vector feature and the complicated couplings of the longitudinal and transverse components of elastic waves, manipulating elastic waves is generally difficult compared with manipulating acoustic waves (scalar waves) and electromagnetic waves (vectorial waves but transverse only). To date, topological materials, including insulators and semimetals, have been used for acoustic and electromagnetic waves. Although topological materials with elastic waves have also been reported, the observed topological edge modes lie on the domain wall. A natural question arises: Is there an elastic metamaterial with topological edge modes on its own boundary? Here, we report a 3D metal-printed bilayer metamaterial that topologically insulates elastic waves. By introducing chiral interlayer couplings, the spin–orbit couplings for elastic waves are induced, which give rise to nontrivial topological properties. Helical edge states with vortex features were demonstrated on the boundary of the single topological phase. We further show a heterostructure of the metamaterial that exhibits tunable edge transport. Our findings could be used in devices based on elastic waves in solids.
Incidence of Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients With Previously Untreated Acute Myeloid Leukemia Receiving Venetoclax and Azacitidine
Authors: Zhang Alexander , Johnson Tanner , Abbott Diana , Phupitakphol Tanit , Gutman Jonathan A , Pollyea Daniel A , Koullias Yiannis 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with poor prognosis, particularly in elderly patients with comorbidities. Combining azacitidine (AZA) with BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax (VEN) demonstrated significant improvement in outcomes for newly-diagnosed AML patients compared to AZA alone. However, this regimen is myelosuppressive, and the incidence of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) and impact of antifungal prophylaxis are not well defined.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study evaluated newly-diagnosed AML patients treated with VEN/AZA at the University of Colorado Hospital from January 2014 to August 2020. Patients with history of prior IFI were excluded. Primary outcome was IFI incidence during VEN/AZA therapy. χ2 and Fisher exact tests assessed the impact of patient demographics, AML-specific risk factors, and receipt of antifungal prophylaxis on IFI incidence.

Results
144 VEN/AZA-treated AML patients were included in the study. 25 (17%) patients developed IFI: 8% (n = 2) “proven,” 24% (n = 6) “probable,” and 68% (n = 17) “possible” per European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium criteria. There was no statistically significant association between IFI incidence with age, sex, or European LeukemiaNet classification. 10 patients received antifungal prophylaxis; none developed IFI. IFI incidence rate per 1000 patient-days was greatest 0–9 days after starting VEN/AZA, at 8.39.

Conclusions
Incidence of “proven” and “probable” IFI in our VEN/AZA-treated AML cohort was 5.6%, in-line with incidence rates reported by recent similar studies. Furthermore, IFI incidence decreased as days from starting VEN/AZA therapy increased.
Green Lungs and Green Liberty: The Modern City Park and Public Health in an Urban Metabolic Landscape
Authors: Jones Karen R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper explores processes of urban park creation from the mid-1800s to show how ‘green lungs’ and ‘green liberty’ shaped the health geography of the modern city. Tracking this story across a transatlantic canvas (using examples from London, Paris, New York and Montreal), it looks at how ideas around fresh air, exercise and greenery sat within municipal designs for a functional metabolic landscape, what I call somatic urbanism. Plotting the historical contours of the park as a landscape of health has two main uses. First, it usefully connects the worlds of medicine and environment to show how debates about industrialism, modernity, sanitation and social reform found common ground. Second, in a contemporary world where ventilation issues have been highlighted by the coronavirus pandemic and municipal authorities grapple with anthropogenic challenges, it argues that historical studies of health and environment assume a vital importance in shaping the future of sustainable cities.
Clinical management of brain tumors in pregnancy
Authors: Karbhari Nishika , Thomas Alissa A. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
We review the diagnostic tools, treatment options, and clinical management for brain tumors diagnosed in pregnancy with consideration for management approaches that are best suited to preserve maternal and fetal health.

Recent findings
Women of child-bearing age are at risk of developing brain tumors and are at increased risk compared with male counterparts for tumors that are hormonally driven. Brain tumors are rare neoplasms, and diagnosis of brain tumors in pregnancy is uncommon, such that management guidelines and treatment recommendations are lacking for most tumor types. We discuss the standard treatment options for brain tumors and the relative risks and safety when these treatments are considered during pregnancy. We review the neoplasms most commonly affecting pregnant women and the existing literature and guidelines.

Summary
Pregnancy is a unique phase of life in which hormonal, immunologic, and vascular changes may impact tumor growth and presentation. Treatment decisions should consider the symptoms and stability of the pregnant patients, the gestational age and health of the fetus, and the location and behavior of the neoplasm.
Development and Validation of an Efficient and Highly Sensitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Alemtuzumab Quantification in Human Serum and Plasma
Authors: Achini-Gutzwiller Federica R. , Jol-van der Zijde Cornelia M. , Jansen-Hoogendijk Anja M. , Lankester Arjan C. , Bredius Robbert G. M. , van Tol Maarten J. D. , Moes Dirk Jan A. R. , Schilham Marco W. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Alemtuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets the CD52 glycoprotein expressed on most lymphocytes, subsequently inducing complement-mediated and antibody-mediated cytotoxicity. Owing to its ability to induce profound immune depletion, alemtuzumab is frequently used in patients before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to prevent graft rejection and acute graft-versus-host disease. In this clinical context, a stable immunoassay with high sensitivity and specificity to determine alemtuzumab levels is essential for performing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses; however, the available methods have several limitations. Here, we report the successful development and validation of an efficient and highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique based on commercially available reagents to quantify alemtuzumab in human serum or plasma.

Methods:
This enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique was developed and validated in accordance with the European Medicines Agency guidelines on bioanalytical method validation.

Results:
The assay sensitivity (lower limit of quantification) is 0.5 ng·mL−1, and the dynamic range is 0.78–25 ng·mL−1. To accommodate quantification of peak concentration and concentrations below the lympholytic level (<0.1 mcg·mL−1), patients' serum samples were prediluted 20–400 times according to the expected alemtuzumab concentration. The overall within-run accuracy was between 96% and 105%, whereas overall within-run precision (coefficient of variation) was between 3% and 9%. The between-run assessment provided an overall accuracy between 86% and 95% and an overall coefficient of variation between 5% and 14%.

Conclusions:
The developed assay provides accurate insight into alemtuzumab exposure and its effects on the clinical response to treatment, which is key to optimizing treatment strategies.
Associations among Plasma Concentrations of Edoxaban and M-4, Prothrombin Time, and the SLCO1B1*15 Haplotype in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Nakagawa Junichi , Kinjo Takahiko , Aiuchi Naoya , Ueno Kayo , Tomita Hirofumi , Niioka Takenori 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
The authors aimed to examine the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms in P-glycoprotein, the hepatic uptake transporter organic anion transporter protein 1B1, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A5, and carboxylesterase-1 (CES1) on the steady-state dose-adjusted trough concentrations of edoxaban (CEdo/D) and M-4 (CM-4/D). They also investigated whether CM-4 and CEdo affect prothrombin time (PT).

Methods:
The analyses included 152 patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) undergoing AF catheter ablation. The CYP3A5*3; CES1 c.1168-33A>C, c.257+885T>C; SLCO1B1 c.388A>G, c.521T>C; and ABCB1 c.3435C>T, c.2677G>A/T, c.1236C>T genotypes were determined.

Results:
Stepwise selection multiple linear regression analyses demonstrated that creatinine clearance (Ccr), concomitant use of amiodarone, and SLCO1B1*15 haplotype status were independent factors influencing CM-4/D (partial R
2 = 0.189, 0.098, 0.067, respectively, all P values < 0.005). Ccr and concomitant use of amiodarone were independent factors influencing CEdo/D (partial R
2 = 0.260, 0.117, respectively, both P value < 0.001). CEdo and CM-4 showed a weak correlation with PT (ρ = 0.369 and 0.315, both P values < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Although information concerning Ccr, concomitant use of amiodarone, and SLCO1B1*15 haplotype may be useful in assessing the pharmacokinetics of edoxaban, further studies are needed to clarify the requirement of PT monitoring at the trough level for dose adjustment of edoxaban in patients with NVAF.
BinDel: detecting clinically relevant fetal genomic microdeletions using low-coverage whole-genome sequencing-based NIPT
Authors: Paluoja Priit , Jatsenko Tatjana , Teder Hindrek , Krjutškov Kaarel , Vermeesch Joris Robert , Salumets Andres , Palta Priit 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundClinically pathogenic chromosomal microdeletions (MDs) cause severe fetal genetic disorders such as DiGeorge and Prader-Willi/Angelman syndromes. Motivated by the absence of reliable blood and/or ultrasound screening biomarkers for detecting microdeletion risk during the first-trimester screening, we developed and validated BinDel, a software package to evaluate the risk of clinically pathogenic microdeletions from low-coverage whole-genome-sequencing (WGS)-based NIPT data.ResultsWe used 584 NIPT samples, including 34 clinically pre- and postnatally confirmed microdeletions, to perform a blind evaluation of the BinDel software. In a combined analysis of 34 microdeletion and 50 euploid fetal samples, BinDel correctly identified 25 samples with microdeletions in the ‘blind’ analysis. BinDel had 15 false-positive microdeletion calls, whereas the majority of them were concentrated in a few challenging regions, like NF1 microdeletion region. As a comparison, WisecondorX identified 16 correct microdeletion calls with no false-positive calls. After improving BinDel, 30 microdeletion samples were correctly determined, with a total of three false-positive microdeletion calls. Using simulated fetal microdeletions, we investigated the impact of fetal DNA fraction (FF) and microdeletion region length on BinDel’s microdeletion risk detection accuracy in 12 clinically pathogenic microdeletion regions and determined that high FF is one of the most important factors for correct MD risk detection, followed by the observation, particularly in samples with lower FF, that longer microdeletion regions exhibit higher MD risk detection sensitivity.ConclusionsWe confirmed BinDel feasibility for fetal microdeletion risk detection in NIPT. Remarkably, the final BinDel tool correctly identified 88.2% (30 out of 34) MD cases, opening the possibility to integrate microdeletion analysis successfully into routine NIPT protocol. Additionally, we demonstrated that high FF is one of the most important factors for correct microdeletion risk estimation and that longer microdeletion regions display higher MD calling sensitivity. This work stands as a unique contribution to prenatal microdeletion screening, exhibiting a novel software simultaneously validated with a large microdeletion sample set, positioning it as the first of its kind in the field. BinDel is available athttps://github.com/seqinfo/BinDel.
Force Sensor Reduces Measurement Error during Sit-to-Stand Assessment of Cerebral Autoregulation
Authors: Whitaker Alicen A. , Vidoni Eric D. , Montgomery Robert N. , Carter Kailee , Struckle Katelyn , Billinger Sandra A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionNovel implementation of a force sensor during a sit-to-stand measure of dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) has been shown to measure the exact moment an individual stands up from a chair, called arise-and-off (AO). Traditional measures estimate time delay (TD) before the onset of the dCA response from the verbal command to stand. We hypothesized that using a force sensor to measure AO would significantly improve the accuracy of the TD measure compared to estimating from verbal command.MethodsMiddle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured simultaneously during three sit-to-stand measures of dCA. Participants were seated for 60 seconds, then performed a sit-to-stand and the force sensor detected AO. TD was calculated as the time from AO until an increase in cerebrovascular conductance (CVC = MCAv/MAP). TD was also calculated from verbal command to stand.ResultsSixty-five participants completed the study: twenty-five young adults (age 25±2 years), twenty older adults (age 61±13 years), and twenty individuals with stroke (age 60±13 years). There was a significant difference in TD when using AO compared to estimating (F-value=49.9, p<0.001). Estimated TD introduced ∼17% measurement error. Average TD measurement error was not related to age (r =-0.04, p=0.76) or history of stroke (r=0.01, p=0.96).DiscussionThe addition of a force sensor to detect AO during a sit-to-stand procedure showed a significant difference in the TD dCA measurement. Our data support the implementation of a force sensor during sit-to-stand dCA measures in healthy adults across all ages and after stroke.