bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Regulations and Pollution: Measuring Direct and Indirect Impact Using Innovation as Mediation Factor in G-7 Economies
Authors: Nazir Rabia , gillani seemab , Shafiq Muhammad Nouman 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The alarming impact of climate change and environmental pollutants has increased the focus of policymakers and think tanks on the formulation of environmental regulations. The environmental regulations may reduce emissions directly and indirectly as postulated by the famous Porter Hypothesis. It shows that environmental regulation may enhance pollution-reducing innovation, by reducing agency costs, while at the same time increasing firms’ private benefit. The study is designed to investigate the direct and indirect impact of environmental regulations on CO2 and GHG emissions using innovations as mediation factors. The study employs a structural equation method using data on G-7 economies for the period 1990–2020 to test the relationship between regulations, innovations, and pollution. The study findings confirm that environmental regulations help reduce emissions directly. Our findings also confirm the Porter hypothesis whereby regulations encourage innovations and result in reduced emissions through this indirect channel. The study findings have significant implications for controlling pollution through placing environmental regulations and encouraging innovations.JEL Codes: C33, H23, Q53, Q55
Bioclogging alleviation for constructed wetland based on the interaction among biofilm growth and hydrodynamics
Authors: Tang Ping , Chen Li , Zhang Wenming , Zhou Yongchao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Bioclogging is the most crucial operation problem of the constructed wetlands, which reduce its removal efficiency and life span. A strategy through properly increasing hydraulic loading is proposed in this study to alleviate the bioclogging for CWs. The two-dimensional porous media flow cell (2D PMFC) test indicated that a quadratic correlation was found between local biofilms growth rate and the near-wall Reynolds number (r > 0.765, p < 0.05). The biofilm growth rate declined with the flow rate when Re exceeded 6. It was also found that the higher flowrate (6 mL/min) lead to the homogeneous biofilm and velocity distribution in the PFMC. The column test indicated that the highest hydraulic loading (9.2 cm/h) produced the smallest decrease in hydraulic conductivity, which was 80 times more than that of low hydraulic load (3.0 cm/h) at the end (40 days) of experiment. Moreover, the relatively homogenized distribution of biofilm was found along the column with the highest hydraulic loading, which confirmed that the proper increase in hydraulic loading can alleviate bioclogging.
PPARγ expression in chorionic villus tissue in relation to unexplained recurrent miscarriage
Authors: Li Dan , Wang Fen , Li Xue , Jiao Yong-Hui 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective To study the differential expression of PPARγ in the villus tissue of patients with unexplained recurrent miscarriage and to explore the role of PPARγ in the development of unexplained recurrent miscarriage. Methods Pregnant women attending the obstetrics and gynecology outpatient clinic and wards of the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Autonomous Region from January 2019 to June 2021 were collected. 20 patients with unexplained recurrent miscarriage (in early pregnancy) and 20 patients with normal pregnancy who voluntarily terminated their pregnancy were each selected, and the chorionic villus tissues were collected from both groups. The differential expression of PPARγ mRNA in the chorionic villus tissues of the two groups was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR , and the differential expression of PPARγ protein in the chorionic villus tissues of the two groups was detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that PPARγ in the chorionic villus tissues of URSA patients was higher than that in the chorionic villus tissues of normal pregnancy patients (P<0.001)，the expression of PPARγ protein in the chorionic villus tissues of URSA patients was found to be significantly higher than that in the normal pregnancy group using Western blot and immunohistochemistry(P<0.001).Conclusion PPARγ was highly expressed in the chorionic villus tissues of unexplained miscarriage, suggesting that PPARγ may be involved in the development of unexplained recurrent miscarriage.
Genetic characterization of Dengue virus serotype 1 circulating in Reunion Island, 2019- 2021, and the Seychelles, 2015-2016
Authors: Hafsia Sarah , Barbar Tatiana , Wilkinson David A , Atyame Célestine , Biscornet Leon , Bibi Jastin , Louange Meggy , Gedeon Jude , De Santis Olga , Flahault Antoine , Cabie André , Bertolotti Antoine , Mavingui Patrick 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background An unprecedent increase in the number of cases and deaths reported from dengue virus (DENV) infection has occurred in the southwestern Indian ocean in recent years. From 2017 to mid-2021 more than 70,000 confirmed dengue cases were reported in Reunion Island, and 1967 cases were recorded in the Seychelles from 2015 to 2016. Both these outbreaks displayed similar trends, with the initial circulation of DENV-2 which was replaced by DENV-1. Here, we aim to determine the origin of the DENV-1 epidemic strains and to explore their genetic characteristics along the uninterrupted circulation, particularly in Reunion.Methods: Nucleic acids were extracted from blood samples collected from dengue positive patients, DENV-1 was identified by RT-PCR. Positive samples were used to infect VERO cells. Genome sequences were obtained from either blood samples or infected-cell supernatants through a combination of both Illumina or MinION technologies.Results: Phylogenetic analyses of partial or whole genome sequences revealed that all DENV-1 sequences from Reunion formed a monophyletic cluster that belonged to genotype I and were closely related to one isolate from Sri Lanka (OL752439.1, 2020). Sequences from the Seychelles belonged to the same major phylogenetic branch of genotype V, but fell into two paraphyletic clusters, with greatest similarity for one cluster to 2016-2017 isolate from Bangladesh, Singapore and China, and for the other cluster to ancestral isolates from Singapore, dating back to 2012. Compared to publicly available DENV-1 genotype I sequences, fifteen non-synonymous mutations were identified in the Reunion strains, including one in the capsid and the others in nonstructural proteins (NS) (three in NS1, two in NS2B, one in NS3, one in NS4B, and seven in NS5). Conclusions: In contrast to what was seen in previous outbreaks, recent DENV-1 outbreaks in Reunion and the Seychelles were caused by distinct genotypes, all likely originating from Asia where dengue is (hyper)endemic in many countries. Epidemic DENV-1 strains from Reunion harbored specific non-synonymous mutations whose biological significance needs to be further investigated.
MicroRNA-650 regulates the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease through targeting Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5
Authors: Lin Li , Liu Xiaodong , Cheng Xuejun , Li Yuijing , Gearing Marla , Levey Allan , Huang Xiaoli , Li Ying , Jin Peng , Li Xuekun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis features progressive neurodegeneration, amyloid-β plaque formation and neurofibrillary tangles. Ample evidence has indicated the involvement of epigenetic pathways in AD pathogenesis. Here, we show that expression of microRNA 650 (miR-650) is altered in brains from AD patients. Furthermore, we found that the processing of primary miR-650 to mature miR-650 is misregulated. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that miR-650 targets the expression of three AD-associated components: Apolipoprotein E (APOE), Presenilin 1 (PSEN1), and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 (CDK5), and we have experimentally confirmed that miR-650 is able to significantly decrease the expression of APOE, PSEN1, and CDK5 in vitro. Importantly, the overexpression of miR-650 was further shown to significantly reduce the CDK5 level and ameliorate AD pathologies in APP-PSEN1 transgenic mice. Overall, our results indicate that miR-650 influences AD pathogenesis through regulation of CDK5.
EDA-E7 activated DCs induces specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte immune responses against HPV expressing cervical cancer in human setting
Authors: Feng Juan , Liu Yongliang , Zhuang Na , Chai Zixuan , Liu Limei , Qian Cheng , Li Jiatao , Shan Juanjuan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Cervical cancer is a major cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection especially genotypes 16 and 18 is the main factor induces cervical lesions. Targeting HPV viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 is a new strategy for cervical cancer immunotherapy and has been associated with resolution of HPV-induced lesions. How to efficiently induce T cell target killing of HPV infected cervical cancer is of great potential benefit for cervical cancer treatment.
Methods
Fusion protein containing the extra domain A (EDA) from fibronectin, a natural ligand for TLR4, and HPVE7 (EDA-E7) has been shown to efficiently induce dendritic cells maturation and trigger specific antitumor CD8 + T cells response in mouse. In this study, we constructed EDA-E7 fusion protein of human origin and tested its function in dendritic cell maturation as well as specific antitumor T cell response.
Results
We found that EDA-E7 could be efficiently captured by human PBMC derived dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro and induce DCs maturation. Importantly, this effect can work in synergy with the TLR ligand anti-CD40 agonist, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)], R848 and CpG2216. EDA-E7 matured DCs could activate T cells and trigger anti-tumor response in vitro. Single RNA sequencing and T cell target killing assay confirmed the activation of T cells by EDA-E7 matured DCs.
Conclusions
Therapeutic vaccination with EDA-E7 fusion protein is effective for human cervical carcinoma treatment.
Ultra-thin double barrier AlGaN/GaN high threshold voltage HEMT with graded AlGaN/Si3N4 gate and p-type buffer layer
Authors: dong kexiu , Zhang Yangyi , Wang Bingting 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
An ultra-thin double barrier enhancement mode (E-mode) AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with p-type buffer layer and Si 3 N 4 /graded p-AlGaN gate is proposed and investigated by Silvaco TCAD. The simulation results show that the designed HEMT can obtain a high threshold voltage over 5.0 V and large gate swing. The maximum gate leakage current is 3.11×10 -4 A/mm at 30 V gate voltage, which decreases four orders of magnitude compared to the conventional double barrier HEMTs. Due to the p-type buffer layer, the cut-off frequency for the proposed HEMT is raised over three-times compared to the conventional double barrier structure HEMT with n-type buffer layer. Meanwhile the designed HEMT exhibits high breakdown voltage and large current-gain. Moreover, the impacts of Si 3 N 4 layer thickness under gate and GaN channel layer thickness are analyzed. Both layers play significantly roles in obtaining high threshold voltage for the device by adjusting the conduction band energy of AlGaN/GaN interface quantum well.
Prediction of amyloid PET positivity via machine learning algorithms trained with EDTA-based blood amyloid-β oligomerization data
Authors: Youn Young Chul , Kim Hye Ryoun , Shin Hae-Won , Jeong Hae-Bong , Han Sang-Won , Pyun Jung-Min , Ryoo Nayoung , Park Young Ho , Kim SangYun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: The tendency of amyloid-β oligomer (AβO) formation in the blood, measured with Multimer Detection System-Oligomeric Amyloid-β (MDS-OAβ), is a valuable biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which has been verified using heparin-based plasma. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-based MDS-OAβ and to develop machine learning algorithms to predict amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) positivity. Methods: The performance of EDTA-based MDS-OAβ in predicting PET positivity was evaluated in 312 individuals with various machine learning models. The models with various combinations of features (i.e., MDS-OAβ level, age, apolipoprotein E4 alleles, and Mini-Mental Status Examination [MMSE] score) were tested 50 times on each dataset.Results: The Random Forest showed best performance in MDS-OAβ predicting amyloid PET positivity with other features showed an accuracy of 77.14±4.21% and a F1-value of 85.44±3.10 %. The order of significance in contributing features was MDS-OAβ, MMSE, Age and APOE. The Support Vector Machine using the MDS-OAβ value only showed an accuracy of 71.09±3.27% and F-1 value of 80.18±2.70%. Conclusions: The Random Forest model using EDTA-based MDS-OAβ combined with the MMSE and apolipoprotein E status can be used to prescreen for amyloid PET positivity.
Planning Lane Changes using Advance Visual and Haptic Information
Authors: Frissen Ilja , Mars Franck 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Taking a motor planning perspective, this study investigates whether haptic force cues displayed on the steering wheel are more effective than visual cues in signaling the direction of an upcoming lane change. Licensed drivers drove in a fixed-base driving simulator equipped with an active steering system for realistic force-feedback. They were instructed to make lane changes upon registering a directional cue. Cues were delivered according to the movement precuing technique employing a pair of precues and imperative cues which could be either visual, haptic, or crossmodal (a visual precue with a haptic imperative cue, and vice versa). The main dependent variable was response times. Additional analyses were conducted on steering wheel angle profiles and error rates. Conditions with a haptic imperative cue produced considerably faster responses than conditions with a visual imperative cue, irrespective of the precue modality. Valid and invalid precues produced the typical gains and costs, with one exception. There appeared to be little cost in response time or steering errors associated with invalid cueing when both cues were haptic. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that imperative haptic cues facilitate action selection while visual stimuli require additional time-consuming cognitive processing.
Beauty and the Sharp Fangs of the Beast: Degree of Angularity Predicts Perceived Preference and Threat
Authors: Friedenberg Jay , Lauria Gina , Hennig Kaitlyn , Gardner Isabel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Preference for angular vs. curved forms has a long history in psychology but few of the many studies conducted have examined actual degree of angularity. In two experiments we present observers with randomly positioned and randomly oriented texture displays of angles viewed within a circular frame. The angle conditions varied from 0°-180° in 20° increments, covering the entire spectrum of possibilities including acute, obtuse, right, and straight line angles. In Experiment 1, 25 undergraduates rated the perceived beauty of these displays. In Experiment 2, the same stimulus set and procedure were used with 27 participants instead judging perceived threat. Based on the findings in the literature, we predicted that sharper angles would be judged less beautiful and more threatening. The results were mostly confirmed. Acute angles are preferred less but there are also distinct preferences for right angles and straight lines, perhaps due to their greater familiarity in constructed environments. There was a consistent and anticipated finding for threat in the second study: the sharper an angle the greater its perceived threat. Fear of sharp objects as assessed in a personality questionnaire was found to positively correlate with threat judgements. Future work should look more closely at degree of angularity in embedded object contours and at individual response differences.
Needle-based gastrocnemius lengthening: A novel ultrasound-guided non- invasive technique
Authors: Marcos Álvaro Iborra , Martínez Manuel Villanueva , Díaz Homid Fahandezh-Saddi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Gastrocnemius tendon lengthening is performed to treat numerous conditions of the foot and ankle. Gastrocnemius shortening has been associated with more than 30 lower limb disorders, including plantar heel pain/plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendinosis, equinus foot, adult flat foot deformity, and metatarsalgia. Ultrasound-guided ultraminimally invasive lengthening of the gastrocnemius is a step forward in this type of surgery. It can be performed in both legs simultaneously without ischemia using only local anesthesia plus sedation and without the need for a cast or immobilization. The truly novel advantage of the procedure is that it can be performed in the office, without specific surgical instruments. The aim of our research was to prove the effectiveness and safety of a new closed needle-based ultrasound-guided surgical procedure for lengthening the gastrocnemius tendon.Methods and ResultsWe performed ultrasound-guided gastrocnemius tendon lengthening using a needle in 8 fresh frozen specimens (3 left and 5 right). None of the specimens had been affected by disease or undergone previous surgery that could have affected the surgical technique.We used a linear transducer with an 8- to 17-Mhz linear transducer and the beveled tip of an Abbocath as a surgical blade to perform the lengthening procedure. The gastrocnemius Achilles tendon recession was entirely transected in all 8 specimens, with no damage to the sural nerve or vessels. The improvement in dorsal flexion was 15°. Conclusion: Needle-based ultrasound-guided gastrocnemius tendon lengthening is safe, since the surgeon can see all structures clearly, thus minimizing the risk of damage. The absence of a wound obviates the need for stitches, and recovery seems to be faster. The procedure can be performed in a specialist's office, as no specific surgical instruments are required. This technique could be a valid option for gastrocnemius lengthening and may even be less traumatic than using a hook-knife, as in our previous description.
In utero exposure to cannabidiol disrupts select early-life behaviors in a sex-specific manner
Authors: Manzoni Olivier , Iezzi Daniela , Caceres-Rodriguez Alba 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), one of the main components of cannabis, is generally considered safe, despite the lack of studies on the possible consequences of its consumption during critical periods of neurodevelopment, including prenatal life. Although CBD crosses the placenta and its use during pregnancy is steadily increasing, the impact of gestational CBD exposure on early life is unknown. Here, we combined behavioral exploration and deep learning to assess how in utero exposure to low doses of CBD alters pre-weaning behaviors in mouse pups of both sexes. The data reveal that pups from CBD-treated dams exhibit sex-specific alterations in weight growth, homing behavior, and the syllabic repertoire of ultrasonic vocalizations. Thus, prenatal CBD is associated with alterations in innate behavioral responses and communication skills.
Molecular Characterization of Coxsackievirus B5 from the Sputum of Pneumonia Children Patients of Kunming, Southwest China
Authors: Tan Miao , Suo Jiale , Zhang Zhilei , He Wenji , Tan Li , Jiang Haiyan , Li Ming , He Juan , Pan Yue , Xu Bin , Yan Lingmei , Bin Songtao , Gan Zhengyan , Sun Yuxing , Jiang Hongchao , Sun Qiangming , Zhang Zhen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5) can cause respiratory infections. However, the molecular epidemiological information about CVB5 in respiratory tract samples is still limited. Here, we report five cases in which CVB5 was detected in sputum sample of pneumonia children patients from Kunming, southwest China.
Methods
CVB5 isolates were isolated in H1-HeLa cells. Whole-genome sequencing of CVB5 isolates from sputum was performed using segmented PCR, and phylogenetic, mutation and recombination analysis, followed by prediction of the tertiary protein structure.
Results
A total of five CVB5 complete genome sequences were obtained. No obvious homologous recombination signals comparing with other CVBs were observed in the five isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the five CVB5 sputum isolates were from a independent branch in genogroup E.
Conclusions
We unexpectedly found five cases of CVB5 infection instead of rhinoviruses infection during our routine surveillance of rhinoviruses in respiratory tract samples. All five patients were hospitalized with pneumonia symptoms and were not tested for enterovirus during their hospitalization. This report suggests that enterovirus surveillance in patients with respiratory symptoms should be strengthened.
Transmission Dynamics of Human Herpesvirus 6 and 7 from Whole Genome Sequences of Families
Authors: Chrisman Brianna , He Chloe , Jung Jae-Yoon , Stockham Nate , Paskov Kelley , Wall Dennis 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
While hundreds of thousands of human whole genome sequences (WGS) have been collected in the effort to better understand genetic determinants of disease, these whole genome sequences have less frequently been used to study another major determinant of human health: the human virome. Using the unmapped reads from WGS of over 1,000 families, we present insights into the human blood DNA virome, focusing particularly on human herpesvirus (HHV) 6A, 6B, and 7. In addition to extensively cataloguing the viruses detected in WGS of human whole blood and lymphoblastoid cell lines, we use the family structure of our dataset to show that household drives transmission of several viruses, and identify the Mendelian inheritance patterns characteristic of inherited chromsomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 (iciHHV-6A). Consistent with prior studies, we find that 0.6\% of our dataset's population has iciHHV, and we locate candidate integration sequences for these cases. We document genetic diversity within exogenous and integrated HHV species and within integration sites of HHV-6. Finally, in the first observation of its kind, we present evidence that suggests widespread de novo HHV-6B integration and HHV-7 integration and reactivation in lymphoblastoid cell lines. These findings show that the unmapped read space of WGS is a promising source of data for virology research.