bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head and neck cancer organoids as a promising tool for personalized cancer therapy: A literature review
Authors: Mohtasham Nooshin , Mohajer Tehran Farnaz , Abbaszadeh Hamid 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimChemotherapy and targeted therapy are used in treating head and neck cancers (HNCs) either alone or in combination with surgery, especially in advanced tumors but these treatments have resulted in variable outcomes in different patients. This, along with the introduction of new therapies to improve the survival of patients makes it necessary to search for models that can predict the response to treatment among different patients. Organoids, as three‐dimensional culture models, have been studied more widely in non‐HNCs and to a lesser extent in HNCs as tools to predict treatment outcomes. We aimed to conduct a review to validate the use of organoids as a preclinical tool for the treatment of HNCs patients.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was separately performed by both authors in PubMed and google scholar databases, using the following keywords: “organoid,” “head and neck cancer,” “personalized medicine,” “chemotherapy,” and “targeted therapy.” The articles published up to September 2021 were included in this review and selected according to a quality appraisal method.ResultsExamination of HNC‐derived organoids made in various studies showed that these organoids had the ability to recapitulate original tumor features, including histopathological properties, functional characteristics, and expression of molecular markers in almost all of the studies. Differential sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs similar to in vivo was observed in sensitivity testing. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression levels were different between organoids from different patients and EGFR expression level was found to correlate with the response to anti‐EGFR targeted therapy. A similar result was reported for organoids derived from salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma.ConclusionSince HNC‐derived organoids seem to recapitulate characteristics of original tumors and to show differential responses to different chemotherapy and targeted therapy agents, these organoids might have the potential to be used as preclinical prediction tools for the treatment of HNC patients.
Cross‐border insolvency in Hong Kong: Developments and updates
Authors: Yung Patrick 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn recent years, particularly in 2020 and 2021, the Hong Kong High Court has been actively developing its common law framework in relation to the recognition of and assistance to foreign insolvency representatives. This article aims to provide an update to the common law recognition framework in Hong Kong and argues that the recent developments are intended to achieve two objectives, namely harmonizing the Hong Kong common law position with the relevant principles under the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross‐border Insolvency; and strengthening the implementation of the mutual recognition framework on corporate insolvency proceedings between Mainland China and Hong Kong. This article also discusses how some of the unresolved issues in the Hong Kong common law recognition framework may be approached in light of these two objectives.
Introduction to a special section on the supervisee's perspective of reflective supervision/consultation
Authors: Barron Carla C. , Eaves Tanika 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe definition and implementation of reflective supervision/consultation (RS/C) in the infant early childhood mental health field (IECMH) has largely been driven by expert supervisors, researchers, and leaders in the field. The voice of the frontline practitioner, the most likely recipient of RS/C has had less prominence in the scholarly discourse, leaving unclear supervisees’ perspectives on the meaning and value of RS/C. This special section addresses supervisees’ experiences with RS/C across five studies. In the first two papers, researchers examined supervisees’ perspectives on essential components of RS/C and perceived impacts of RS/C on their work. In paper 3, researchers report on perceived associations between RS/C and professionals’ well‐being. The fourth paper addresses experiences in RS/C and professionals’ use of reflective practices. Finally, researchers in the fifth paper present the psychometric properties of an observational tool that focuses on the interaction between supervisors and supervisees. Collectively, the studies promote understanding about supervisees’ perspectives and experiences that may benefit future research studies aimed at investigating the role of RS/C in well‐being and practice and provide information for program administrators considering the inclusion of RS/C in professional development efforts.
Guide to radiation therapy use in companion animals
Authors: Elliott James 
Published: April 2022

Background: Radiation therapy (RT) is an important component of a multimodality approach to treating cancer in companion animals. Many owners that receive a cancer diagnosis for their pet never get to consult with a veterinary oncologist, and so it is important that clinicians involved in cancer diagnosis or treatment (whether a general practitioner, internal medicine clinician, surgical specialist or neurologist) have a basic understanding of the equipment used, the basic mechanism of action, the indications, as well as the expected side effects of RT.Aim of the article: This article provides an updated review of veterinary RT. This is particularly timely, given the current investment in RT facilities in the UK, which will revolutionise the incorporation of RT into veterinary medicine in the near future.
Approach to generalised alopecia in dogs: use and abuse of endocrine testing
Authors: Cerundolo Rosario 
Published: April 2022

Background: Alopecia can be a concerning discovery for owners to make in their dogs, as well as a frustrating and challenging condition for veterinary surgeons to investigate. However, successful management can be achieved by undertaking a methodical approach to correct diagnosis.Aim of the article: This article guides veterinary surgeons through the diagnostic approach to generalised alopecia. Clinical cases have been included to help colleagues successfully manage similar scenarios without running unnecessary, often expensive, diagnostic tests.
Dealing with gastrointestinal disease in ferrets
Authors: Livingstone Madonna 
Published: April 2022

Background: Ferrets have been domesticated for approximately 3000 years, yet many veterinary professionals feel unequipped to treat them. Since the 1980s, the worldwide increase in the popularity of ferrets as pets means that these curious creatures are being presented to general practice more frequently. As seen with cats and dogs, most ferret owners identify their pets as members of their family and, as such, they expect a high level of care from vets.Aim of the article: This article encourages clinicians to realise that they can apply the same clinical skills to ferrets that they use on a daily basis to diagnose and treat causes of gastrointestinal disease in dogs and cats. Several species‐specific conditions will be covered, including conditions of the oral cavity, stomach and intestine.
Human health and safety in small animal veterinary anaesthesia
Authors: Powley Lucy 
Published: April 2022

Background: Veterinary practice is a hazardous work environment with high levels of occupation‐related injuries and illness reported compared to general practitioners of human medicine (Nienhaus and others 2005). There are occupational hazards that veterinary staff may face when performing veterinary anaesthesia and so it's important to know how to minimise the risks.Aim of the article: This article outlines the physical, biological, chemical and potential psychological hazards encountered in veterinary anaesthesia, and examines what can be done to minimise the risks to those involved.
Impact of maternal desvenlafaxine exposure on brain development in pregnant albino rats and their fetuses
Authors: Ahmed Sarah H. , El Ghareeb Abd El Wahab A. , El‐Rahman Heba Ali Abd , Almaaty Ali H. Abu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDepression during pregnancy adversely affects fetal development. Desvenlafaxine drug is used for the treatment of gestational depression. In light of the well‐established role of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in regulating neurogenesis and neural survival, the role of S100b in nerve cell energetic metabolism, differentiation of neurons and glial cells, an aberrant increase in NGF, BDNF and S100b expression in the fetal brain may contribute to desvenlafaxine cognitive disorders by altering brain development. This study is trying to determine the effect of desvenlafaxine on brain development. Thirty timed pregnant rats (from the 5th to the 20th day) were divided into three groups: control, low dose (5.14 mg/kg/day) and high dose (10.28 mg/kg/day) of desvenlafaxine where all animals received the corresponding doses by gavage. Maternal and fetal brain samples were fixed for histological, immunohistochemical (IHC) study of NGF and evaluated for BDNF and S100b genes expression. Desvenlafaxine induced some of the histopathological alterations in maternal and fetal rat brains. Moreover, IHC analysis of maternal and fetal rat brains showed that groups treated with desvenlafaxine demonstrated a significant increase of NGF protein immunoreactivity compared with that in the controls. Gene expression results revealed upregulation of messenger RNA BDNF and S100B expression. According to developmental changes in the brain, desvenlafaxine affects neonatal growth during pregnancy, which may lead to delay of brain development. So, it is essential to survey the roles of antidepressant drugs on neonatal development during pregnancy.
Plasma extracellular vesicle derived protein profile predicting and monitoring immunotherapeutic outcomes of gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Chong Xiaoyi , Jiang Fangli , Gao Jing , Chen Yang , Jia Keren , Fan Meng , Liu Xuan , An Jin , Li Jian , Zhang Xiaotian , Shen Lin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)‐based immunotherapy brought new hope for gastric cancer (GC) treatment. However, due to the lack of proper biomarkers, patient selection and outcome prediction for GC's immunotherapy remain unsatisfying. In this study, through applying an extracellular vesicle (EV) protein expression array, we assessed the correlation of plasma EV‐derived protein spectrum with outcomes of ICI‐related therapeutic combinations. Plasma from 112 GC patients received ICI‐related therapies were investigated retrospectively/prospectively as three cohorts. We identified four plasma EV‐derived proteins (ARG1/CD3/PD‐L1/PD‐L2) from 42 crucial candidate proteins and combined them as an EV‐score that robustly predicting immunotherapeutic outcomes at baseline and dynamically monitoring disease progression along with treatment. High EV‐score reflected microenvironmental features of stronger antitumour immunity, characterized by more activated CD8+ T/NK cells, higher TH1/TH2 ratio and higher expressions of IFN‐γ/perforin/granzymes in paired peripheral blood, which were verified by dataset analysis and in vivo experiments. EV‐score≥1 GC received more therapeutic benefits from ICIs, while EV‐score < 1 GC potentially benefited more from ICIs combining HER2‐targeted therapies. Collectively, through proposing a plasma EV‐score on protein level that powerfully predicting and monitoring GC's immunotherapeutic outcomes, our work facilitated clinical patient selection and decision‐makings, and provided mechanistical insights for immunotherapy‐related microenvironmental changes and improvements for current ICI‐regimens.
Clearance of HIV-1 or SIV reservoirs by promotion of apoptosis and inhibition of autophagy: Targeting intracellular molecules in cure-directed strategies
Authors: Chen Min , Li Min , Budai Marietta M , Rice Andrew P , Kimata Jason T , Mohan Mahesh , Wang Jin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe reservoirs of the HIV display cellular properties resembling long-lived immune memory cells that could be exploited for viral clearance. Our interest in developing a cure for HIV stems from the studies of immunologic memory against infections. We and others have found that long-lived immune memory cells employ prosurvival autophagy and antiapoptotic mechanisms to protect their longevity. Here, we describe the rationale for the development of an approach to clear HIV-1 by selective elimination of host cells harboring replication-competent HIV (SECH). While reactivation of HIV-1 in the host cells with latency reversing agents (LRAs) induces viral gene expression leading to cell death, LRAs also simultaneously up-regulate prosurvival antiapoptotic molecules and autophagy. Mechanistically, transcription factors that promote HIV-1 LTR-directed gene expression, such as NF-κB, AP-1, and Hif-1α, can also enhance the expression of cellular genes essential for cell survival and metabolic regulation, including Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, and autophagy genes. In the SECH approach, we inhibit the prosurvival antiapoptotic molecules and autophagy induced by LRAs, thereby allowing maximum killing of host cells by the induced HIV-1 proteins. SECH treatments cleared HIV-1 infections in humanized mice in vivo and in HIV-1 patient PBMCs ex vivo. SECH also cleared infections by the SIV in rhesus macaque PBMCs ex vivo. Research efforts are underway to improve the efficacy and safety of SECH and to facilitate the development of SECH as a therapeutic approach for treating people with HIV.
Climate change impacts on phenology and ripening of cv. Touriga Nacional in the Dão wine region, Portugal
Authors: Rodrigues Pedro , Pedroso Vanda , Reis Samuel , Yang Chenyao , Santos João A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present study is devoted to climate change impact assessment on the phenological development and ripening of cv. Touriga Nacional in the Dão Wine Region, Portugal. For this purpose, the dates of the three main phenological stages (budbreak, flowering and veraison) and two maturity stages are projected for two future periods (2041–2070 and 2071–2100), under two anthropogenic radiative forcing scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), and compared against a baseline period (1991–2020). The phenological and maturity stages are simulated using phenological development models (PDMs) and a temperature‐based ripeness model (TRM), respectively. An overall advancement in both phenology and ripening stages are identified under future warmer climates, though site‐dependent. Furthermore, the advancements in phenology are more pronounced (a) for stages between the beginning of veraison and end of ripening than for the earlier stages, (b) for the long‐term future period (2071–2100) under RCP8.5 and (c) for the vineyard site “Viseu.” These changes are due to the combination of budbreak advancement with a shortening of some phenophases. The strongest shortening is found in the ripening period, while no significant changes in flowering timings and duration of the berry development period are projected. The advancement and the shortening of the grapevine growing season will shift ripening to the warmest part of the year. This twofold climate change impact of the air temperature on ripening may affect the sugar and organic acid balance, as well as the colour of the must. The current findings can be used by the regional winemaking sector in planning and implementing suitable climate change adaptation to enhance its climate resiliency and sustainability. Subsequent studies for this wine region should be carried out to assess the climate change impacts on late frost risk, on climatic viticultural zoning, on yield and berry quality at harvest.
Boron‐Based Lewis Pairs Catalyzed Living, Regioselective, and Topology‐Controlled Polymerization of (E, E)‐Alkyl Sorbates
Authors: Zhao Wuchao , Wang Qianyi , He Jianghua , Zhang Yuetao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIt remains as a great challenge to realize living and controlled polymerization of renewable monomers by the boron‐based Lewis pairs. Here, strong nucleophilic N‐heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) or N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) as Lewis bases, and boron‐based compounds as Lewis acids, are employed to construct LPs for polymerization of alkyl sorbates, including (E, E)‐methyl sorbate and (E, E)‐ethyl sorbate. Systematic investigation reveals that the combinations of B(C6F5)3 with appropriate acidity and steric hindrance, and strong nucleophilic NHOs promote living and controlled polymerization of alkyl sorbates in 100% 1,4‐addition manner, furnishing polymers with predicted molecular weight (Mw up to 56.6 kg mol−1) and narrow molecular weight distribution (Đ as low as 1.12). Furthermore, topology analysis shows that NHC1/B(C6F5)3 LP produce PMS possessing cyclic structure.
Redox signaling at the crossroads of human health and disease
Authors: Zuo Jing , Zhang Zhe , Luo Maochao , Zhou Li , Nice Edouard C. , Zhang Wei , Wang Chuang , Huang Canhua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRedox biology is at the core of life sciences, accompanied by the close correlation of redox processes with biological activities. Redox homeostasis is a prerequisite for human health, in which the physiological levels of nonradical reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as the primary second messengers to modulate physiological redox signaling by orchestrating multiple redox sensors. However, excessive ROS accumulation, termed oxidative stress (OS), leads to biomolecule damage and subsequent occurrence of various diseases such as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Herein, starting with the evolution of redox biology, we reveal the roles of ROS as multifaceted physiological modulators to mediate redox signaling and sustain redox homeostasis. In addition, we also emphasize the detailed OS mechanisms involved in the initiation and development of several important diseases. ROS as a double‐edged sword in disease progression suggest two different therapeutic strategies to treat redox‐relevant diseases, in which targeting ROS sources and redox‐related effectors to manipulate redox homeostasis will largely promote precision medicine. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the redox signaling networks under physiological and pathological conditions will facilitate the development of redox medicine and benefit patients with redox‐relevant diseases.
Technical assessment of 2D and 3D imaging performance of an IGZO‐based flat‐panel X‐ray detector
Authors: Sheth Niral Milan , Uneri Ali , Helm Patrick A , Zbijewski Wojciech , Siewerdsen Jeffrey H 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIndirect detection flat‐panel detectors (FPDs) consisting of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) are a prevalent technology for digital x‐ray imaging. However, their performance is challenged in applications requiring low exposure levels, high spatial resolution, and high frame rate. Emerging FPD designs using metal oxide TFTs may offer potential performance improvements compared to FPDs based on a‐Si:H TFTs.PurposeThis work investigates the imaging performance of a new indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) TFT‐based detector in 2D fluoroscopy and 3D cone‐beam CT (CBCT).MethodsThe new FPD consists of a sensor array combining IGZO TFTs with a‐Si:H photodiodes and a 0.7‐mm thick CsI:Tl scintillator. The FPD was implemented on an x‐ray imaging bench with system geometry emulating intraoperative CBCT. A conventional FPD with a‐Si:H TFTs and a 0.6‐mm thick CsI:Tl scintillator was similarly implemented as a basis of comparison. 2D imaging performance was characterized in terms of electronic noise, sensitivity, linearity, lag, spatial resolution (modulation transfer function, MTF), image noise (noise‐power spectrum, NPS), and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) with entrance air kerma (EAK) ranging from 0.3 to 1.2 μGy. 3D imaging performance was evaluated in terms of the 3D MTF and noise‐equivalent quanta (NEQ), soft‐tissue contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), and image quality evident in anthropomorphic phantoms for a range of anatomical sites and dose, with weighted air kerma, , ranging from 0.8 to 4.9 mGy.ResultsThe 2D imaging performance of the IGZO‐based FPD exhibited up to ∼1.7× lower electronic noise than the a‐Si:H FPD at matched pixel pitch. Furthermore, the IGZO FPD exhibited ∼27% increase in mid‐frequency DQE (1 mm−1) at matched pixel size and dose (EAK ≈ 1.0 μGy) and ∼11% increase after adjusting for differences in scintillator thickness. 2D spatial resolution was limited by the scintillator for each FPD. The IGZO‐based FPD demonstrated improved 3D NEQ at all spatial frequencies in both head (≥25% increase for all dose levels) and body (≥10% increase for ≤2 mGy) imaging scenarios. These characteristics translated to improved low‐contrast visualization in anthropomorphic phantoms, demonstrating ≥10% improvement in CNR and extension of the low‐dose range for which the detector is input‐quantum limited.ConclusionThe IGZO‐based FPD demonstrated improvements in electronic noise, image lag, and NEQ that translated to measurable improvements in 2D and 3D imaging performance compared to a conventional FPD based on a‐Si:H TFTs. The improvements are most beneficial for 2D or 3D imaging scenarios involving low‐dose and/or high‐frame rate.
Origin, Postrelease Survival, and Imprinting of Pen-Acclimated and Direct-Stocked Chinook Salmon in Lake Ontario
Authors: Connerton Michael J. , Lantry Jana R. , Bronte Charles R. , Lapan Steve R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We determined the stocking origin of the Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha harvest and compared the relative survival and tributary returns of pen-acclimated and direct-stocked salmon at eight sites in Lake Ontario. Chinook Salmon parr were coded-wire-tagged in 2010, 2011, and 2013, and adult salmon were recovered in the lake and tributaries from 2011 to 2017. Lake harvest counts indicated that pen acclimation provided significantly better smolt-to-lake harvest survival, with averages of 1.7, 2.3, and 2.3 times greater contribution (SE = 0.15, 0.21, 0.23), respectively, to the lake fishery than direct stocking. After accounting for lake survival, pen acclimation also provided significantly better smolt-to-adult return rates to tributary harvest than direct stocking at some sites, with average return ratios of 0.8, 1.1, and 1.6 (SE = 0.2, 0.2, 0.3), respectively, for the three year-classes. Port-specific lake harvest from June to August consisted of salmon stocked at sites throughout the lake, indicating a well-mixed population prior to the prespawn staging period. Of the eight lake ports analyzed, a minority of the Chinook Salmon harvested by anglers in June–August were stocked at each site (mean = 13%, SE = 2%) or at nearby sites (mean = 22%, SE = 4%), with most originating from stocking sites greater than 30 km away. In September, stocked Chinook Salmon became more segregated in the lake, with harvest at each site consisting of a higher percentage (mean = 38%, SE = 4%) of salmon stocked at those sites and nearby sites (mean = 29%, SE = 5%), suggesting that salmon began staging in this period. In contrast, most salmon harvested by tributary anglers in October were stocked at those sites (mean = 67%, SE = 4%), indicating good imprinting of both pen-acclimated and direct-stocked Chinook Salmon. Most strays in tributaries were from nearby stocking sites. Increased Chinook Salmon catch rates in the lake fishery coincided with increased use of pen acclimation and a declining prey fish population, underscoring the importance of evaluating outcomes of new stocking policies that may increase predator survival and predation pressure on prey.