bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Deception to Inception: Social Media and the Changing Function of Fake News (Lessons from Egypt 2013)
Authors: Shafick Hesham 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe continued political influence of fake news despite the unprecedented accessibility of corrective information raises a pressing question: How can fake news impact publics which recognize its inveracity? Building on and developing Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky's theory of “cognitive endowments,” this article unpacks the mechanisms by which news endows hypotheses, models, references, and relations that impact public assumptions of what might possibly be true, even when the news itself is perceived as false. Following from that, the article argues that the unmediated information exchange social media gave rise to might empower fake news; for although it facilitates the news’ repudiation, it also amplifies the reproduction of its endowments. This theorization is exemplified by reflecting on fake news reports, falsely referenced to CNN and BBC, about the headcount of protestors mobilized against the democratic regime in Egypt. Despite the extensive refutation of the authenticity of this news, it facilitated the political conditions for a military coup against this regime; not by positing the headcount as factual, but by setting up a politically productive controversy around it.
A hybrid deep learning model based low‐rate DoS attack detection method for software defined network
Authors: Sun Wenwen , Guan Shaopeng , Wang Peng , Wu Qingyu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe low‐rate DoS (LDoS) attack is a new kind of network attack which has the characteristics such as low speed and good concealment. The software defined network, as a new type of network architecture, also faces the threat from LDoS attacks. In this article, we propose a detection method of LDoS attacks based on a hybrid deep learning model CNN‐GRU: the convolutional neural network (CNN) and the gated recurrent unit (GRU). First, we extract field values such as n_packets and n_bytes, from the flow rule, and construct the average numbers of packets and bytes as the input data of the hybrid model. Then, to enhance the detection performance of the hybrid model, we improve the sailfish algorithm to optimize the hyperparameters of CNN and GRU automatically in the training process. Finally, we adopt hyperparameter optimized CNN and GRU to extract deeper spatial and temporal features of input data, respectively, which achieves accurate detection of the LDoS attack. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid deep learning model‐based method outperforms other traditional machine learning algorithms in terms of detection efficiency and accuracy.
Rapid genomic convergent evolution in experimental populations of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
Authors: van der Zee Mijke J. , Whiting James R. , Paris Josephine R. , Bassar Ron D. , Travis Joseph , Weigel Detlef , Reznick David N. , Fraser Bonnie A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough rapid phenotypic evolution has been documented often, the genomic basis of rapid adaptation to natural environments is largely unknown in multicellular organisms. Population genomic studies of experimental populations of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) provide a unique opportunity to study this phenomenon. Guppy populations that were transplanted from high-predation (HP) to low-predation (LP) environments have been shown to evolve toward the phenotypes of naturally colonized LP populations in as few as eight generations. These changes persist in common garden experiments, indicating that they have a genetic basis. Here, we report results of whole genome variation in four experimental populations colonizing LP sites along with the corresponding HP source population. We examined genome-wide patterns of genetic variation to estimate past demography and used a combination of genome scans, forward simulations, and a novel analysis of allele frequency change vectors to uncover the signature of selection. We detected clear signals of population growth and bottlenecks at the genome-wide level that matched the known history of population numbers. We found a region on chromosome 15 under strong selection in three of the four populations and with our multivariate approach revealing subtle parallel changes in allele frequency in all four populations across this region. Investigating patterns of genome-wide selection in this uniquely replicated experiment offers remarkable insight into the mechanisms underlying rapid adaptation, providing a basis for comparison with other species and populations experiencing rapidly changing environments.
Socioeconomic status, access to care, risk factor patterns, and stage at diagnosis for head and neck cancer among black and white patients
Authors: Emerson Marc A. , Farquhar Douglas R. , Lenze Nicholas R. , Sheth Siddharth , Mazul Angela L. , Zanation Adam M. , Hackman Trevor G. , Weissler Mark C. , Zevallos Jose P. , Yarbrough Wendell G. , Brennan Paul , Abedi‐Ardekani Behnoush , Olshan Andrew F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about how factors combine to influence progression of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC). We aimed to evaluate multidimensional influences of factors associated with HNSCC stage by race.MethodsUsing retrospective data, patients with similar socioeconomic status (SES), access to care (travel time/distance), and behavioral risk factors (tobacco/alcohol use and dental care) were grouped by latent class analysis. Relative frequency differences (RFD) were calculated to evaluate latent classes by stage, race, and p16 status.ResultsWe identified three latent classes. Advanced T‐stage was higher for black (RFD = +20.2%; 95% CI: −4.6 to 44.9) than white patients (RFD = +10.7%; 95% CI: 2.1–19.3) in the low‐SES/high‐access/high‐behavioral risk class and higher for both black (RFD = +29.6%; 95% CI: 4.7–54.5) and white patients (RFD = +23.9%; 95% CI: 15.2–32.6) in the low‐SES/low‐access/high‐behavioral risk class.ConclusionResults suggest that SES, access to care, and behavioral risk factors combine to underly the association with advanced T‐stage. Additionally, differences by race warrant further investigation.
Monocarboxylate transporter 4 inhibition potentiates hepatocellular carcinoma immunotherapy through enhancing T cell infiltration and immune attack
Authors: Fang Yuan , Liu Weiren , Tang Zheng , Ji Xiang , Zhou Yufu , Song Shushu , Tian Mengxin , Tao Chenyang , Huang Run , Zhu Guiqi , Jiang Xifei , Gao Jun , Qu Weifeng , Wang Han , Zhou Peiyun , Wu Xiaoling , Jin Lei , Sun Haixiang , Ding Zhenbin , Peng Yuanfei , Zhao Shimin , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Xu Wei , Shi Yinghong 
Published: January 2022

Background and Aims:
Monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 4 is a high‐affinity lactate transporter that is primarily involved in the maintenance of intracellular pH homeostasis and highly expressed in different tumors. However, the role of MCT4 in modulating immune responses against HCC remains unknown.

Approach and Results:
In this study, we demonstrated that MCT4 was overexpressed in HCC, which was associated with poor prognosis in patients. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of MCT4 using VB124 (a highly potent MCT4 inhibitor) suppressed HCC tumor growth in immunocompetent mice model by enhancing CD8+ T cell infiltration and cytotoxicity. Such improved immunotherapy response by MCT4 targeting was due to combined consequences characterized by the alleviated acidification of tumor microenvironment and elevated the chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand (CXCL) 9/CXCL10 secretion induced by reactive oxygen species/NF‐κB signaling pathway. Combining MCT4 inhibition improved the therapeutic benefit of anti–programmed cell death 1 immunotherapy in HCC and prolonged mice survival. Moreover, higher MCT4 expression was observed in tumor tissues from nonresponder patients with HCC receiving neoadjuvant therapy with toripalimab.

Conclusions:
Our results revealed that lactate exportation by MCT4 has a tumor‐intrinsic function in generating an immunosuppressive HCC environment and demonstrated the proof of the concept of targeting MCT4 in tailoring HCC immunotherapeutic approaches.
Effect of receiver geometry on the optical and thermal performance of a parabolic trough collector
Authors: Al‐Dulaimi Mustafa J. , Amori Karima E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, the optical and thermal performance of a Parabolic Trough Collector PTC system is investigated theoretically. A series of numerical simulations and theoretical analysis has been conducted to investigate the effect of the receiver geometry and location relative to the focal line on its optical performance. The examined receiver geometries are circular, square, triangular, elliptical and a new design of circular‐ square named as channel receiver. The thermal performance of PTC is studied for different flow rates from (0.27 to 0.6 lpm) theoretically. Results showed that the best optical design is the channel receiver with an optical efficiency of 84% while the worst is the elliptical receiver with an optical efficiency of 70%. Thermally the best design is the elliptical receiver with a thermal efficiency of 85% while the worst is the circular receiver with a thermal efficiency of 82%.
The chemical induction of synaesthesia
Authors: Luke David P. , Lungu Laura , Friday Ross , Terhune Devin B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivePreliminary research suggests that experiences resembling synaesthesia are frequently reported under the influence of a diverse range of chemical substances although the incidence, chemical specificity, and characteristics of these effects are poorly understood.MethodsHere we surveyed recreational drug users and self‐reported developmental synaesthetes regarding their use of 28 psychoactive drugs from 12 different drug classes and whether they had experienced synaesthesia under the influence of these substances.ResultsThe drug class of tryptamines exhibited the highest incidence rates of drug‐induced synaesthesia in controls and induction rates of novel forms of synaesthesia in developmental synaesthetes. Induction incidence rates in controls were strongly correlated with the corresponding induction and enhancement rates in developmental synaesthetes. In addition, the use of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) was the strongest predictor of drug‐induced synaesthesia in both controls and developmental synaesthetes. Clear evidence was observed for a clustering of synaesthesia‐induction rates as a function of drug class in both groups, denoting non‐random incidence rates within drug classes. Sound‐colour synaesthesia was the most commonly observed type of induced synaesthesia. Further analyses suggest the presence of synaesthesia‐prone individuals, who were more likely to experience drug‐induced synaesthesia with multiple drugs.ConclusionsThese data corroborate the hypothesized link between drug‐induced synaesthesia and serotoninergic activity, but also suggest the possibility of alternative neurochemical pathways involved in the induction of synaesthesia. They further imply that the induction and modulation of synaesthesia in controls and developmental synaesthetes share overlapping mechanisms and that certain individuals may be more susceptible to experiencing induced synaesthesia with different drugs.
Overconfidence of the chair of the Federal Reserve and market expectations: Evidence based on media coverage
Authors: Bennani Hamza 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between the overconfidence expressed by the chair of the US Federal Reserve and financial market expectations. I first use a media‐based proxy to compute a measure of Fed chair's overconfidence for the period 1999M01–2017M07, the overconfidence indicator. The overconfidence indicator provides a quantitative measure of the overconfidence expressed by the Fed chair, which is covered by the media, and thus, perceived by financial market participants. I relate this variable to inflation and unemployment expectations of market participants. Our results show that an overconfident Fed chair is significantly associated with higher inflation expectations and lower unemployment expectations. These findings are robust to (i) the macroeconomic forecasts used to extract the exogenous component of the media‐based proxy reflecting Fed chair's overconfidence (the Survey of Professional Forecasters and the Greenbook forecasts) and (iii) an alternative proxy of inflation expectations. These findings shed some new light on the impact of central bankers' communication on financial market expectations, and thus, on the effectiveness of their monetary policy decisions.
A multicenter prospective study of early gestational diabetes mellitus: Rates, severity, and risk factors based on IADPSG‐defined fasting glycemia
Authors: Olagbuji Biodun N. , Aderoba Adeniyi K. , Olagbuji Yetunde W. , Enikuomehin Adenike C. , Adewole Ayodele S. , Awe Christianah O. , Akadiri Olumide ,   Gestational Diabetes Study Group—Nigeria
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the epidemiology of early gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) based on the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) defined fasting glycemia.MethodsA prospective multicenter study testing fasting venous plasma glucose (FPG) in women aged 18–45 years between 6 and 23+6 weeks of pregnancy in secondary health facilities in Ondo State, Nigeria. Early GDM was defined using the IADPSG threshold for fasting hyperglycemia, and its severity was examined. Potential risk factors for early GDM were assessed using logistic regression analysis.ResultsOf the 8915 women who underwent FPG testing, the prevalence of early GDM was 12.5% (11.9%–13.3%). Multivariable analysis identified a dose–response association between body mass index (BMI) (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) and early GDM, with a BMI of 35 or more (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–3.55) associated with early GDM. Primiparity (aOR 1.49, 95% CI 1.25–1.76), multiparity (aOR 1.73, 95% CI 1.47–2.04), and a first‐degree family history of diabetes (aOR 1.60, 95% CI 1.27–2.02) were associated with significantly higher odds of early GDM.ConclusionThis study established the prevalence, severity and risk factors for early GDM in a specific country that potentially represents a global region with no previous relevant data.
The role of distance and transportation in decision making to seek emergency obstetric care among women of reproductive age in south–South Nigeria: A mixed methods study
Authors: Ekpenyong Mandu S. , Matheson David , Serrant Laura 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the role of transportation in seeking emergency obstetric care among women with obstetric complications.MethodsA mixed‐methods design. The study population comprised women aged 15–49 years who had experience direct obstetric complications and were attending the health facility for care at the time of this study. A total of 318 women completed the questionnaires, and in‐depth interviews were held for six women who were purposively selected from the 318 respondents. Both questionnaire and semi‐structured interviews were used in collecting data for this study. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS using both inferential and bivariate analysis, and a qualitative content analysis was carried out on the qualitative data.ResultsOf the 318 respondents, 290 (91.2%) accessed health facilities by motorized transport with 28 (8.8%) on foot. Mode of transportation was related to regularity at prenatal care (P = 0.003), with those who came on foot being regular attenders compared with those that came on motorized transport.ConclusionAn efficient and suitable transport system as well as distance are key factors influencing women’s role in decision making to seek care.
Interfacial charge and energy transfer in van der Waals heterojunctions
Authors: Hu Zehua , Liu Xue , Hernández‐Martínez Pedro Ludwig , Zhang Shishu , Gu Peng , Du Wei , Xu Weigao , Demir Hilmi Volkan , Liu Haiyun , Xiong Qihua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVan der Waals heterojunctions are fast‐emerging quantum structures fabricated by the controlled stacking of two‐dimensional (2D) materials. Owing to the atomically thin thickness, their carrier properties are not only determined by the host material itself, but also defined by the interlayer interactions, including dielectric environment, charge trapping centers, and stacking angles. The abundant constituents without the limitation of lattice constant matching enable fascinating electrical, optical, and magnetic properties in van der Waals heterojunctions toward next‐generation devices in photonics, optoelectronics, and information sciences. This review focuses on the charge and energy transfer processes and their dynamics in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), a family of quantum materials with strong excitonic effects and unique valley properties, and other related 2D materials such as graphene and hexagonal‐boron nitride. In the first part, we summarize the ultrafast charge transfer processes in van der Waals heterojunctions, including its experimental evidence and theoretical understanding, the interlayer excitons at the TMDC interfaces, and the hot carrier injection at the graphene/TMDCs interface. In the second part, the energy transfer, including both Förster and Dexter types, are reviewed from both experimental and theoretical perspectives. Finally, we highlight the typical charge and energy transfer applications in photodetectors and summarize the challenges and opportunities for future development in this field.
Functional Properties of Two Distinct PTH1R Mutants Associated With Either Skeletal Defects or Pseudohypoparathyroidism
Authors: Portales‐Castillo Ignacio , Dean Thomas , Khatri Ashok , Jüppner Harald , Gardella Thomas J 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTConsistent with a vital role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor type 1 (PTH1R) in skeletal development, homozygous loss‐of‐function PTH1R mutations in humans results in neonatal lethality (Blomstrand chondrodysplasia), whereas such heterozygous mutations cause a primary failure of tooth eruption (PFE). Despite a key role of PTH1R in calcium and phosphate homeostasis, blood mineral ion levels are not altered in such cases of PFE. Recently, two nonlethal homozygous PTH1R mutations were identified in two unrelated families in which affected members exhibit either dental and skeletal abnormalities (PTH1R‐V204E) or hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia (PTH1R‐R186H). Arg186 and Val204 map to the first transmembrane helix of the PTH1R, and thus to a critical region of this class B G protein‐coupled receptor. We used cell‐based assays and PTH and PTH‐related protein (PTHrP) ligand analogs to assess the impact of the R186H and V204E mutations on PTH1R function in vitro. In transiently transfected HEK293 cells, PTH1R‐R186H mediated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) responses to PTH(1‐34) and PTHrP(1‐36) that were of comparable potency to those observed on wild‐type PTH1R (PTH1R‐WT) (half maximal effective concentrations [EC50s] = 0.4nM to 1.2nM), whereas the response‐maxima were significantly reduced for the PTH1R‐V204E mutant (maximum effect [Emax] = 81%–77% of PTH1R‐WT, p ≤ 0.004). Antibody binding to an extracellular hemagglutinin (HA) tag was comparable for PTH1R‐R186H and PTH1R‐WT, but was significantly reduced for PTH1R‐V204E (maximum binding level [Bmax] = 44% ± 11% of PTH1R‐WT, p = 0.002). The potency of cAMP signaling induced by a PTH(1‐11) analog was reduced by ninefold and threefold, respectively, for PTH1R‐R186H and PTH1R‐V204E, relative to PTH1R‐WT, and a PTH(1‐15) radioligand analog that bound adequately to PTH1R‐WT exhibited little or no specific binding to either mutant receptor. The data support a general decrease in PTH1R surface expression and/or function as a mechanism for PFE and a selective impairment in PTH ligand affinity as a potential PTH1R‐mutation‐based mechanism for pseudohypoparathyroidism. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Treatment of piggery waste in an ectopic microbial fermentation system and safety evaluation of generated organic fertilizer
Authors: Li Yongchao , Li Luyao , Liu Xue , Li Jiabin , Ye Jing , Chen Zhuobo , Zhu Changxiong , Geng Bing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDWith the development of China’s livestock breeding industry, a large amount of waste was discharged and the local environment was seriously polluted. In this research, treatment performance of piggery waste in an ectopic fermentation system (EFS) using different padding materials and safety evaluation of generated organic fertilizer were studied in a pilot experiment.RESULTSDuring the whole fermentation process, temperature in the EFS fluctuated with addition of fresh feces and its consumption, and the pH value varied between 6.5 and 9.5. The absorption coefficient of pig breeding wastewater and feces per kilogram of padding (maize straw) at the end was 2.52 and 1.88, respectively. Bacteria played a major role in decomposing organic matter, and its number was basically maintained at 107–108 orders of magnitude. The C:N ratio in two EFS beds decreased gradually and was below 14:1 at the end, indicating the maturity of fermentation. Moreover, operation of the EFS with addition of rice husk/coconut shell mixture was more stable than that of EFS with maize straw. After fermentation, the heavy metal, total nutrient content, ascaris egg mortality and fecal coliform population of the generated organic fertilizer from two fermentation beds all met the limits of the Organic Fertilizer Standard of China, and the seed germination index of the product increased.CONCLUSIONSEFS employing maize straw or rice husk/coconut shell mixture as padding material can be used to treat both solid and liquid waste from pig farms. EFS technology reduced the biotoxicity of piggery waste. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Versus Computed Tomography for Three‐Dimensional Bone Imaging of Musculoskeletal Pathologies: A Review
Authors: Florkow Mateusz C. , Willemsen Koen , Mascarenhas Vasco V. , Oei Edwin H.G. , van Stralen Marijn , Seevinck Peter R. 
Published: January 2022

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly utilized as a radiation‐free alternative to computed tomography (CT) for the diagnosis and treatment planning of musculoskeletal pathologies. MR imaging of hard tissues such as cortical bone remains challenging due to their low proton density and short transverse relaxation times, rendering bone tissues as nonspecific low signal structures on MR images obtained from most sequences. Developments in MR image acquisition and post‐processing have opened the path for enhanced MR‐based bone visualization aiming to provide a CT‐like contrast and, as such, ease clinical interpretation. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of studies comparing MR and CT imaging for diagnostic and treatment planning purposes in orthopedic care, with a special focus on selective bone visualization, bone segmentation, and three‐dimensional (3D) modeling. This review discusses conventional gradient‐echo derived techniques as well as dedicated short echo time acquisition techniques and post‐processing techniques, including the generation of synthetic CT, in the context of 3D and specific bone visualization. Based on the reviewed literature, it may be concluded that the recent developments in MRI‐based bone visualization are promising. MRI alone provides valuable information on both bone and soft tissues for a broad range of applications including diagnostics, 3D modeling, and treatment planning in multiple anatomical regions, including the skull, spine, shoulder, pelvis, and long bones.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 3