bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio‐economic inequalities in glycaemic control in recently diagnosed adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Seidel‐Jacobs Esther , Ptushkina Violetta , Strassburger Klaus , Icks Andrea , Kuss Oliver , Burkart Volker , Szendroedi Julia , Müssig Karsten , Bódis Kálmán , Karusheva Yanislava , Zaharia Oana‐Patricia , Roden Michael , Rathmann Wolfgang ,   for the GDS Group
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsIt is unclear whether socio‐economic status (SES) is associated with glycaemic control in people with recently diagnosed diabetes. The aim was to investigate whether SES is related to haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) during the first year after diagnosis in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and if metabolic, quality of care or mental factors may explain the association.MethodsIn the German Diabetes Study, people with type 1 (n = 274, median age 36 [25th; 75th percentile: 28; 48] years) and type 2 diabetes (n = 424, 54 [47; 60] years) underwent detailed metabolic characterisation within the first year after diagnosis. SES was documented using a standardised questionnaire. Associations between SES and HbA1c were assessed using multivariable linear regression and restricted cubic spline regression analyses. Additional covariables were patient characteristics, laboratory measurements, health behaviour, quality of care and depression variables. Models were separately fitted for diabetes type, SES and its dimensions (income, education, occupation).ResultsHigher SES score was associated with lower HbA1c (−0.7 mmol/mol per unit increase in SES, 95% CI: −1.1; −0.2 mmol/mol [−0.1%, 95% CI: −0.1; 0.0%]) in people with type 1 diabetes. Included covariates did not attenuate this association. In people with type 2 diabetes, effect estimates were close to zero indicating no relevant difference.ConclusionSocio‐economic inequalities in HbA1c already exist during the first year after diagnosis in people with type 1 diabetes. The absence of association between glycaemic control and SES in type 2 diabetes could be due to the lower complexity of diabetes therapy compared to type 1 diabetes.
Diabetic visceral neuropathy of gastroparesis: Gastric mucosal innervation and clinical significance
Authors: Tseng Ping‐Huei , Chao Chi‐Chao , Cheng Ya‐Yin , Chen Chieh‐Chang , Yang Ping‐Hao , Yang Wei‐Kang , Wu Shao‐Wei , Wu Yen‐Wen , Cheng Mei‐Fang , Yang Wei‐Shiung , Wu Ming‐Shiang , Hsieh Sung‐Tsang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeThe pathogenesis of diabetic gastroparesis due to visceral neuropathy involves multidimensional mechanisms with limited exploration of gastric mucosal innervation. This study aimed to examine quantitatively this topic and its relationship with gastroparesis symptoms and gastric emptying in diabetes.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 22 patients with type 2 diabetes and gastroparesis symptoms and 25 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls for comparison. The assessments included: (i) neuropathology with quantification of gastric mucosal innervation density (MID) on endoscopic biopsy; (ii) clinical manifestations based on the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI) questionnaire; and (iii) functional tests of gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES).ResultsIn patients with diabetes, stomach fullness, bloating and feeling excessively full after meals constituted the most common GCSI symptoms. Seven patients with diabetes (32%) had prolonged gastric emptying patterns. In diabetes, gastric MID was significantly lower in all the regions examined compared with the controls: antrum (294.8 ± 237.0 vs. 644.0 ± 222.0 mm/mm3; p < 0.001), body (292.2 ± 239.0 vs. 652.6 ± 260.9 mm/mm3; p < 0.001), and fundus (238.0 ± 109.1 vs. 657.2 ± 332.8 mm/mm3; p < 0.001). Gastric MID was negatively correlated with gastroparesis symptoms and total scores on the GCSI (p < 0.001). Furthermore, gastric MID in the fundus was negatively correlated with fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels. Gastric emptying variables, including half emptying time and gastric retention, were prolonged in patients with diabetes, and gastric retention at 3 h was correlated with fasting glucose level.ConclusionIn diabetes, gastric MID was reduced and GES parameters were prolonged. Both were correlated with gastroparesis symptoms and glycemic control. These findings provide pathology and functional biomarkers for diabetic visceral neuropathy of gastroparesis and underlying pathophysiology.
Role of altered IL‐33/ST2 immune axis in the immunobiology of Guillain‐Barré syndrome
Authors: Sharma Praveen P. , Seshagiri Doniparthi V. , Nagappa Madhu , Mullapudi Thrinath , Sreenivas Nikhitha , Dey Saikat , Shivaram Sumanth , Wahatule Rahul , Kumawat Vijay , Sreekumaran Nair Binu V. , Kamath Sriganesh , Sinha Sanjib , Taly Arun B. , Debnath Monojit 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe IL‐33/ST2 immune axis plays crucial roles in infection and immunity. A dysregulated IL‐33/ST2 axis can induce autoimmune reaction and inflammatory responses. Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute peripheral neuropathy, mostly caused by post‐infection autoimmunity. The role of IL‐33/ST2 axis is not known in GBS. This study aimed to explore the role of IL‐33/ST2 axis in GBS.MethodsThree single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Il33 gene (rs16924159, rs7044343, rs1342336) and three SNPs of Il1rl1 gene (rs10192157, rs1041973, rs10206753) coding for suppressor of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) were genotyped in 179 GBS patients and 186 healthy controls by TaqMan Allelic Discrimination Assay. Plasma levels of IL‐33 and sST2 were measured in a subset of GBS patients (n = 80) and healthy controls (n = 80) by ELISA.ResultsThe frequencies of CC genotype of rs10192157 (p = 0.043) and TT genotype of rs10206753 (p = 0.036) SNPs of Il1rl1 gene differed significantly between GBS patients and healthy controls. Gene–gene interaction between Il33 and Il1rl1 genes also conferred significant risk for GBS. In addition, the plasma sST2 levels were significantly elevated in GBS patients compared to healthy subjects (24,934.31 ± 1.81 pg/ml vs. 12,518.97 ± 1.51 pg/ml, p < 0.001). Plasma sST2 levels showed a significant correlation with the disability scores at the peak of neurological deficit in GBS patients.ConclusionsThe IL‐33/ST2 axis is suggested to influence the immunopathogenesis of GBS. Genetic variants of Il1rl1 gene might serve as a risk determinant of GBS and plasma sST2 levels might emerge as a biomarker of severity of GBS, if replicated further by other studies.
Big data analysis of ASM retention rates and expert ASM algorithm: A comparative study
Authors: Håkansson Samuel , Zelano Johan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveOnly 50% of patients with new‐onset epilepsy achieve seizure freedom with their first antiseizure medication (ASM). A growing body of data illustrates the complexity of predicting ASM response and tolerability, which is influenced by age, sex, and comorbidities. Randomized data with sufficient resolution for personalized medicine are unlikely to emerge. Two potential facilitators of ASM selection are big data using real‐world retention rates or algorithms based on expert opinion. We asked how these methods compare in adult‐onset focal epilepsy.MethodsASM retention rates were determined by cross‐referencing data from comprehensive Swedish registers for 37 643 individuals, with identified comorbidities. Eight fictive cases were created and expert advice was collected from the algorithm Epipick. We compared Epipick suggestions in representative patient subgroups, and determined whether ranking based on retention rate reflected expert advice.ResultsThe Epipick algorithm suggested six ASM alternatives for younger patients and three ASM alternatives for older patients. In the real‐world data, retention rates for the ASMs ranked as best options by Epipick were high; 65%–72% for young patients and 71%–84% for older patients. The lowest retention rate for Epipick suggestions was 42%–56% in younger cases, and 70%–80% in older cases. The ASM with the best retention rate was generally recommended by Epipick.SignificanceWe found a large overlap between expert advice and real‐world retention rates. Notably, Epipick did suggest some ASMs with more modest retention rates. Conversely, clearly inappropriate ASMs (not recommended by Epipick) had high retention rates in some cases, showing that decision systems should not rely indiscriminately on retention rates alone. In future clinical decision support systems, expert opinion and real‐world retention rates could work synergistically.
Interior long‐life‐fatigue cracking behavior and life prediction of a selective laser melted GH4169 superalloy at different temperatures and stress ratios
Authors: Sun Rui , Li Wei , Zhang Yucheng , Wang Ping , Hu Tianyi , Lashari Muhammad Imran , Sakai Tatsuo , Zhang Wen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe axial fatigue tests at elevated (650°C) temperature with stress ratios of 0.1 and −1 were conducted under the loading cycle range of 104–108 cycles to investigate interior cracking mechanism at elevated temperature of one selective laser melted GH4169 superalloy. Results showed that the interior fatigue crack nucleation was the main failure mode with both stress ratios at 650°C in the long‐life regime. The interior crack nucleation region consisting of many facets was formed under shear stress and strain according to the 3D morphology restructure of the fracture surface. Combined with the evaluation of the threshold stress intensity factor, the transition lengths from a small crack to a long crack for interior failure at both stress ratios were evaluated. Based on the above analysis, the microstructure‐related interior failure mechanism was summarized. Finally, crack nucleation and propagation lives were predicted to obtain the total fatigue life, which showed that the prediction and experimental data scattered between the factor‐of‐three boundaries.
Fund names versus family names: Implications for mutual fund flows
Authors: Karoui Aymen , Ghoul Sadok El 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn emerging literature shows that investors are sensitive to mutual fund names. Using a sample of US equity funds over the period 1993–2017, we provide evidence that funds with names that are closer to those of their families attract more flows and display a stronger performance‐flow relationship. This name bias is more persistent among old and large fund families and in retail funds. Our results are in line with the literature on social biases and costly searches and show that seemingly innocuous differences in fund attributes, such as fund names, can translate into significant differences in investor decisions.
The relationships among self‐regulation, emotional intelligence, willingness to communicate, and reading comprehension of Persian foreign language learners: Structural equation modeling
Authors: Taherkhani Reza , Moradi Reza 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis nationwide mixed methods study investigated the relationships among self‐regulation (S‐R), emotional intelligence (EI), willingness to communicate (WTC), and reading comprehension ability of Persian foreign language (PFL) learners in Iran. Therefore, 141 non‐Persian students, from 28 different countries studying at 12 universities across Iran were selected to participate in the study. The participants were asked to answer S‐R, EI, WTC scales, and a reading comprehension test. To deeper understand the constructs in the questionnaires and to triangulate the data, structured interviews were conducted with 45 participants. Besides, for checking the strengths of the causal relationships among the variables, structural equation modeling was utilized. The three independent variables were strong predictors of reading comprehension, with WTC being the strongest predictor. Considering the increasing number of PFL learners, implications focus on how second language practitioners, especially those concerned with PFL can benefit from the results of this study.
Mapping definitions of co‐production and co‐design in health and social care: A systematic scoping review providing lessons for the future
Authors: Masterson Daniel , Areskoug Josefsson Kristina , Robert Glenn , Nylander Elisabeth , Kjellström Sofia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to explore how the concepts of co‐production and co‐design have been defined and applied in the context of health and social care and to identify the temporal adoption of the terms.MethodsA systematic scoping review of CINAHL with Full Text, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus was conducted to identify studies exploring co‐production or co‐design in health and social care. Data regarding date and conceptual definitions were extracted. From the 2933 studies retrieved, 979 articles were included in this review.ResultsA network map of the sixty most common definitions and—through exploration of citations—eight definition clusters and a visual representation of how they interconnect and have informed each other over time are presented. Additional findings were as follows: (i) an increase in research exploring co‐production and co‐design in health and social care contexts; (ii) an increase in the number of new definitions during the last decade, despite just over a third of included articles providing no definition or explanation for their chosen concept; and (iii) an increase in the number of publications using the terms co‐production or co‐design while not involving citizens/patients/service users.ConclusionsCo‐production and co‐design are conceptualized in a wide range of ways. Rather than seeking universal definitions of these terms, future applied research should focus on articulating the underlying principles and values that need to be translated and explored in practice.Patient and Public ContributionThe search strategy and pilot results were presented at a workshop in May 2019 with patient and public contributors and researchers. Discussion here informed our next steps. During the analysis phase of the review, informal discussions were held once a month with a patient who has experience in patient and public involvement. As this involvement was conducted towards the end of the review, we agreed together that inclusion as an author would risk being tokenistic. Instead, acknowledgements were preferred. The next phase involves working as equal contributors to explore the values and principles of co‐production reported within the most common definitions.
Humanizing harm: Using a restorative approach to heal and learn from adverse events
Authors: Wailling Jo , Kooijman Allison , Hughes Joanne , O'Hara Jane K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare is not without risk. Despite two decades of policy focus and improvement efforts, the global incidence of harm remains stubbornly persistent, with estimates suggesting that 10% of hospital patients are affected by adverse events.MethodsWe explore how current investigative responses can compound the harm for all those affected—patients, families, health professionals and organizations—by neglecting to appreciate and respond to the human impacts. We suggest that the risk of compounded harm may be reduced when investigations respond to the need for healing alongside system learning, with the former having been consistently neglected.DiscussionWe argue that incident responses must be conceived within a relational as well as a regulatory framework, and that this—a restorative approach—has the potential to radically shift the focus, conduct and outcomes of investigative processes.ConclusionThe identification of the preconditions and mechanisms that enable the success of restorative approaches in global health systems and legal contexts is required if their demonstrated potential is to be realized on a larger scale. The policy must be co‐created by all those who will be affected by reforms and be guided by restorative principles.Patient or Public ContributionThis viewpoint represents an international collaboration between a clinician academic, safety scientist and harmed patient and family members. The paper incorporates key findings and definitions from New Zealand's restorative response to surgical mesh harm, which was co‐designed with patient advocates, academics and clinicians.
Harmonization of programmed death‐ligand 1 immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression scoring in metastatic melanoma: a multicentre analysis
Authors: Darmon‐Novello Marie , Adam Julien , Lamant Laurence , Battistella Maxime , Ortonne Nicolas , Balme Brigitte , de la Fouchardière A , Chaltiel Leonor , Gerard Emilie , Franchet Camille , Vergier Béatrice 
Published: March 2022

AimsThe aim of this multicentre study was to harmonize programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) and melanoma scoring. To provide a reference for PD‐L1 expression independently of the IHC protocol, PD‐L1 mRNA expression was compared with IHC.Methods and resultsStandardized PD‐L1 assays (22C3, 28–8, SP142, SP263) and laboratory‐developed tests (QR1, 22C3) were evaluated on three IHC platforms with a training set (seven cases). mRNA expression was determined by RNAscope (CD274/PD‐L1 probe) and analysed with image analysis. PD‐L1 IHC findings were scored by seven blinded pathologists using the tumour proportion score (TPS), the combined positive score (CPS), and the MELscore. This method was validated by three blinded pathologists on 40 metastatic melanomas. Concordances among various antibody/platforms were high across antibodies [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) >0.80 for the CPS], except for SP142. Two levels of immunostaining intensity were observed: high (QR1 and SP263) and low (28–8, 22C3, and SP142). Reproducibilities across pathologists were higher for QR1 and SP263 (ICC ≥0.87 and ICC ≥0.85 for the TPS and the CPS, respectively). QR1, SP263 and 28–8 showed the highest concordance with mRNA expression. We developed a standardized method for PD‐L1 immunodetection and scoring, tested on 40 metastatic melanomas. Concordances among antibodies were excellent for all criteria, and concordances among pathologists were better for the MELscore than for other scores.ConclusionHarmonization of PD‐L1 staining and scoring in melanomas with good concordance is achievable with the PD‐L1 IHC protocols applied to other cancers; this reproducible approach can simplify daily practice.
DISENTANGLING PERSIANATE SELFHOOD FROM METHODOLOGICAL NATIONALISM
Authors: Naqvi Naveena 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTFrom the twelfth to the nineteenth century, Persian was used as the language of power and learning across Central, South, and West Asia. Mana Kia's Persianate Selves: Memories of Place and Origin before Nationalism, a searching account of selfhood across this vast region, is novel in its use of Derridean deconstruction to distill shared forms of belonging and affiliation during the political disarray of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Kia is part of a growing and important chorus of scholars who are questioning primordialist conceptualizations of identity by challenging widely held assumptions that Persian is a language that has always belonged to Iran or that its use in India was a foreign import, out of place and unnatural. More broadly, Kia's work holds a mirror up to historians of precolonial contexts, encouraging us to think more carefully about the fundamental conceptual and descriptive language that we use to describe how people inhabited those worlds.
Type 2 diabetes and the clinically normal pulp: An in vitro study
Authors: Alsamahi Shaikhah , Milne Trudy M. , Hussaini Haizal , Rich Alison M. , Friedlander Lara T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on clinically normal dental pulp tissue by using special stains and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to determine the morphology of the coronal pulp and distribution of immune markers in non‐T2D and T2D groups.MethodologyEthics approval for this in vitro pilot study was obtained from the University of Otago Human Ethics Committee (16/069). Twenty extracted permanent molar teeth diagnosed as having clinically normal pulp status were collected. Ten teeth were from participants with well‐controlled T2D and ten from participants without diabetes (non‐T2D). Each tooth was sectioned transversely at the cemento‐enamel junction before the crowns were decalcified and embedded in paraffin. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, Massons trichrome, and van Gieson stains for histological and morphological evaluation. IHC using anti‐CD4, anti‐CD68 and anti‐CD83 and anti‐IL1β, anti‐IL6, anti‐IL17, anti‐TNF‐α, anti‐TLR2, anti‐TLR4 and anti‐FOXP3 identified proteins of interest. Qualitative and semi‐quantitative analyses evaluated the morphology of the dental pulp and protein expression. Data analyses were performed with GraphPad Prism, using Student's t‐test and multiple regression using SPSS at p < .05.ResultsSpecial stains demonstrated morphological differences in the T2D dental pulp compared with non‐T2D. Qualitative analysis indicated that the pulp in the T2D samples was consistently less cellular, less vascular, showed evidence of thickened blood vessel walls, increased pulp calcification and collagen deposition. Semi‐quantitative analysis of IHC samples showed the T2D pulp had significantly increased expression of macrophage and dendritic cell markers CD68 (p < .001) and CD83 (p = .04), and there was significantly greater expression of inflammatory cytokines IL1β (p = .01), IL6 (p < .0001), IL17 (p < .0001) and TNF‐α (p = .01). T2D samples showed a significant increase in markers of innate inflammation, TLR2 (p < .001) and TLR4 (p < .001) and decreased expression of regulatory T‐cell marker, FOXP3 (p = .01). Multiple regression showed that age‐corrected differences were statistically significant.ConclusionPreliminary findings suggest that T2D may exert a similar response in the pulp to complications in other body sites. Hyperglycaemia is associated with changes in the morphology of the clinically normal dental pulp with altered immune cell and cytokine expression.
The glass formation boundary in aluminosilicates
Authors: Lee Hyojin , Carty William 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe glass formation boundary defines a chemistry space within which compositions prefer to remain amorphous when cooled from a melt. Several studies on alkali aluminosilicates and alkaline earth aluminosilicates have demonstrated that the alumina edge of the glass formation boundary was independent of cooling rate and defined by a fixed molar ratio of 1.2 (±0.1) moles of Al2O3‐1.0 mole of flux – R2O (Na2O or K2O) or RO (CaO or MgO) – over a broad range of silica levels. These results were consistent with the glass composition in porcelains, the grain boundary chemistry in sintered alumina, and the gloss‐matte boundary in whiteware glazes with mixed fluxes.
Juvenile gangrenous vasculitis of the scrotum: systematic review
Authors: Bazzi Nagham , Salloum Antoine , Chebl Joanna Abi , Hreibe Walid , Bazzi Mariam , Fiani Elias , Benedetto Anthony , Moussa Mohamad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractJuvenile gangrenous vasculitis of the scrotum (JGVS) is a rare entity with scant reports in the literature. The disease course, treatment, and prevalence have not been well described in the literature. It's hypothesized that JGVS is a variant of pyoderma gangrenosum or a male counterpart of Lipschütz ulcer. This review will analyze the current literature on JGVS and provide a current guide based on the best available data. The initial search of databases yielded 107 studies of which 14 pertained to the topic. The majority of the included studies were case reports (n = 9) reported in Spain. A total of 17 patients were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 22.45 years (range, 13–35 years). The majority of patients presented with multiple, acute, painful, well‐circumscribed, round scrotal ulcerations. The majority of patients presented with flu‐like symptoms. An increased level of awareness of JGVS diagnosis is now warranted among physicians. Despite the analogies with Lipschütz ulcer, we believe that JGVS is a distinct entity.