bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Unexpected Oceanic Peak in Energy Input to the Atmosphere and Its Consequences for Monsoon Rainfall
Authors: Ramesh Nandini , Boos William R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMonsoons have historically been understood to be caused by the low thermal inertia of land, allowing more energy from summer insolation to be transferred to the overlying atmosphere than over adjacent ocean. Here, we show that during boreal summer, the global maximum net energy input (NEI) to the atmosphere unexpectedly lies over the Indian Ocean, not over land. Observed radiative fluxes suggest that cloud‐radiative effects (CRE) almost double the NEI over ocean, shifting the NEI peak from land to ocean. Global climate model experiments with both land and interactive sea surface temperatures confirm that CRE create the oceanic NEI maximum. Interactions between CRE, NEI, circulation, and land‐sea contrast in surface heat capacity shift precipitation from Southeast to South Asia. CRE thus alter the global partitioning of precipitation between land and ocean and the spatial structure of Earth's strongest monsoon, in ways that can be understood through the NEI.
Interplate Slip Rate Variation Between Closely Spaced Earthquakes in Southern Mexico: The 2012 Ometepec and 2018 Pinotepa Nacional Thrust Events
Authors: Dominguez L. A. , Taira T. , Cruz‐Atienza V. M. , Iglesias A. , Villafuerte C. , Legrand D. , Pérez‐Campos X. , Raggi M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOn 20 March 2012, a Mw 7.5 thrust earthquake started a series of seven large events (7.0 ≤ Mw ≤ 8.2) that struck central Mexico during a period of 9 years (2012–2021). Before this event, the Mexican subduction zone did not experience significant subduction earthquakes (Mw > 7.0) for at least 12 years. Five of the events occurred in the plate interface, resulting in a significantly larger interplate slip rate in the states of Oaxaca and Guerrero. In this study, we explore how an aseismic slip transient caused by the 2012 Mw 7.5 earthquake affected the Oaxaca region and whether this earthquake had a causal relationship with the Mw 7.2 Pinotepa Nacional event that took place six years later in a nerby zone. To this end, we identified and analyzed characteristic repeating earthquakes along the Mexican subduction zone for assessing the plate interface slip history and found a remarkable increase in the aseismic slip rate following the 2012 mainshock, which suggests a long‐standing slip perturbation near the trench in Oaxaca that continued until the Pinotepa Nacional earthquake of 2018.
The effect of Functional Electrical Stimulation-assisted posture-shifting in bone mineral density: case series-pilot study
Authors: Armengol Monica , Zoulias Ioannis D. , Gibbons Robin S. , McCarthy Ian , Andrews Brian J. , Harwin William S. , Holderbaum William 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Study design
A training intervention study using standing dynamic load-shifting Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) in a group of individuals with complete spinal cord injury (SCI) T2 to T10.

Objectives
Investigate the effect of FES-assisted dynamic load-shifting exercises on bone mineral density (BMD).

Setting
University Lab within the Biomedical Engineering

Methods
Twelve participants with ASIA A SCI were recruited for this study. Three participants completed side-to-side load-shifting FES-assisted exercises for 29 ± 5 weeks, 2× per week for 1 h, and FES knee extension exercises on alternate days 3× per week for 1 h. Volumetric Bone Mineral density (vBMD) at the distal femur and tibia were assessed using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) before and after the intervention study.

Results
Participants with acute and subacute SCI showed an absolute increase of f trabecular vBMD (vBMDTRAB) in the proximal (mean of 26.9%) and distal tibia (mean of 22.35%). Loss of vBMDTRAB in the distal femur was observed.

Conclusion
Improvements in vBMDTRAB in the distal tibia were found in acute and subacute SCI participants, and in the proximal tibia of acute participants, when subjected to anti-gravity FES-assisted load-bearing exercises for 29 ± 5 weeks. No vBMD improvement in distal femur or tibial shaft were observed in any of the participants as was expected. However, improvements of vBMD in the proximal and distal tibia were observed in two participants. This study provides evidence of an improvement of vBMDTRAB, when combining high-intensity exercises with lower intensity exercises 5× per week for 1 h.
Regulatory pathways and drugs associated with ferroptosis in tumors
Authors: Wang Dan , Tang Le , Zhang Yijie , Ge Guili , Jiang Xianjie , Mo Yongzhen , Wu Pan , Deng Xiangying , Li Lvyuan , Zuo Sicheng , Yan Qijia , Zhang Shanshan , Wang Fuyan , Shi Lei , Li Xiayu , Xiang Bo , Zhou Ming , Liao Qianjin , Guo Can , Zeng Zhaoyang , Xiong Wei , Gong Zhaojian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFerroptosis is a type of cell death that depends on iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The accumulation of iron and lipid peroxidation primarily initiates oxidative membrane damage during ferroptosis. The core molecular mechanism of ferroptosis includes the regulation of oxidation and the balance between damage and antioxidant defense. Tumor cells usually contain a large amount of H2O2, and ferrous/iron ions will react with excessive H2O2 in cells to produce hydroxyl radicals and induce ferroptosis in tumor cells. Here, we reviewed the latest studies on the regulation of ferroptosis in tumor cells and introduced the tumor-related signaling pathways of ferroptosis. We paid particular attention to the role of noncoding RNA, nanomaterials, the role of drugs, and targeted treatment using ferroptosis drugs for mediating the ferroptosis process in tumor cells. Finally, we discussed the currently unresolved problems and future research directions for ferroptosis in tumor cells and the prospects of this emerging field. Therefore, we have attempted to provide a reference for further understanding of the pathogenesis of ferroptosis and proposed new targets for cancer treatment.
Emerging role of LETM1/GRP78 axis in lung cancer
Authors: Tran Quangdon , Lee Hyunji , Jung Jae Hun , Chang Seung-Hee , Shrestha Robin , Kong Gyeyeong , Park Jisoo , Kim Seon-Hwan , Park Kyu-Sang , Rhee Hyun-Woo , Yun Jeanho , Cho Myung-Haing , Kim Kwang Pyo , Park Jongsun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe selective autophagy of damaged mitochondria is called mitophagy. Mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy, and apoptosis have been suggested to be interrelated in various human lung carcinomas. Leucine zipper EF-hand-containing transmembrane protein-1 (LETM1) was cloned in an attempt to identify candidate genes for Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome. LETM1 plays a role in mitochondrial morphology, ion homeostasis, and cell viability. LETM1 has also been shown to be overexpressed in different human cancer tissues, including lung cancer. In the current study, we have provided clear evidence that LETM1 acts as an anchoring protein for the mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM). Fragmented mitochondria have been found in lung cancer cells with LETM1 overexpression. In addition, a reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and significant accumulation of microtubule-associated protein 1 A/1B-light chain 3 punctate, which localizes with Red-Mito, was found in LETM1-overexpressed cells, suggesting that mitophagy is upregulated in these cells. Interestingly, glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78; an ER chaperon protein) and glucose-regulated protein 75 kDa (GRP75) were posited to interact with LETM1 in the immunoprecipitated LETM1 of H460 cells. This interaction was enhanced in cells treated with carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, a chemical mitophagy inducer. Treatment of cells with honokiol (a GRP78 inhibitor) blocked LETM1-mediated mitophagy, and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated GRP75 knockout inhibited LETM1-induced autophagy. Thus, GRP78 interacts with LETM1. Taken together, these observations support the notion that the complex formation of LETM1/GRP75/GRP78 might be an important step in MAM formation and mitophagy, thus regulating mitochondrial quality control in lung cancer.
Interaction between m6A methylation and noncoding RNA in glioma
Authors: Tao Nairong , Wen Tongxuan , Li Tong , Luan Lan , Pan Hai , Wang Yong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGlioma is considered to be the most common brain malignancy in the central nervous system. At present, the aetiology of glioma is not clear. Due to its rapidly growth and easily recurrence, the prognosis of patients with glioma is very poor. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is an internal reversible modification in most RNAs, including messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Recent studies have shown that the m6A regulators are abnormal expressed, and are extensively involved in the progression of glioma by targeting ncRNAs. Moreover, as the most important epigenetic regulators, ncRNAs can also affect the function of m6A regulators in glioma. This review summarized the expression and function of certain common m6A regulators in glioma. Also, the current review sum up the mutual interactions between m6A regulators and ncRNAs in glioma.
Embryo-scale epithelial buckling forms a propagating furrow that initiates gastrulation
Authors: Fierling Julien , John Alphy , Delorme Barthélémy , Torzynski Alexandre , Blanchard Guy B. , Lye Claire M. , Popkova Anna , Malandain Grégoire , Sanson Bénédicte , Étienne Jocelyn , Marmottant Philippe , Quilliet Catherine , Rauzi Matteo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCell apical constriction driven by actomyosin contraction forces is a conserved mechanism during tissue folding in embryo development. While much is now understood of the molecular mechanism responsible for apical constriction and of the tissue-scale integration of the ensuing in-plane deformations, it is still not clear if apical actomyosin contraction forces are necessary or sufficient per se to drive tissue folding. To tackle this question, we use the Drosophila embryo model system that forms a furrow on the ventral side, initiating mesoderm internalization. Past computational models support the idea that cell apical contraction forces may not be sufficient and that active or passive cell apico-basal forces may be necessary to drive cell wedging leading to tissue furrowing. By using 3D computational modelling and in toto embryo image analysis and manipulation, we now challenge this idea and show that embryo-scale force balance at the tissue surface, rather than cell-autonomous shape changes, is necessary and sufficient to drive a buckling of the epithelial surface forming a furrow which propagates and initiates embryo gastrulation.
Results of the phase IIa RADICAL trial of the FGFR inhibitor AZD4547 in endocrine resistant breast cancer
Authors: Coombes R. C. , Badman P. D. , Lozano-Kuehne J. P. , Liu X. , Macpherson I. R. , Zubairi I. , Baird R. D. , Rosenfeld N. , Garcia-Corbacho J. , Cresti N. , Plummer R. , Armstrong A. , Allerton R. , Landers D. , Nicholas H. , McLellan L. , Lim A. , Mouliere F. , Pardo O. E. , Ferguson V. , Seckl M. J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe conducted a phase IIa, multi-centre, open label, single arm study (RADICAL; NCT01791985) of AZD4547 (a potent and selective inhibitor of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR)-1, 2 and 3 receptor tyrosine kinases) administered with anastrozole or letrozole in estrogen receptor positive metastatic breast cancer patients who had become resistant to aromatase inhibitors. After a safety run-in study to assess safety and tolerability, we recruited 52 patients. The primary endpoint was change in tumour size at 12 weeks, and secondary endpoints were to assess response at 6 weeks, 20 weeks and every 8 weeks thereafter and tolerability of the combined treatment. Two partial responses (PR) and 19 stable disease (SD) patients were observed at the 12-week time point. At 28 weeks, according to centrally reviewed Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) criteria, five PR and 8 SD patients were observed in 50 assessable cases. Overall, objective response rate (5 PR) was of 10%, meeting the pre-specified endpoint. Fourteen patients discontinued due to adverse events. Eleven patients had retinal pigment epithelial detachments which was asymptomatic and reversible in all but one patient. Exploratory ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis was done on patients’ samples: 6 differentially-expressed-genes could distinguish those who benefited from the addition of AZD4547.
Orgo-Seq integrates single-cell and bulk transcriptomic data to identify cell type specific-driver genes associated with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Lim Elaine T. , Chan Yingleong , Dawes Pepper , Guo Xiaoge , Erdin Serkan , Tai Derek J. C. , Liu Songlei , Reichert Julia M. , Burns Mannix J. , Chan Ying Kai , Chiang Jessica J. , Meyer Katharina , Zhang Xiaochang , Walsh Christopher A. , Yankner Bruce A. , Raychaudhuri Soumya , Hirschhorn Joel N. , Gusella James F. , Talkowski Michael E. , Church George M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCerebral organoids can be used to gain insights into cell type specific processes perturbed by genetic variants associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. However, robust and scalable phenotyping of organoids remains challenging. Here, we perform RNA sequencing on 71 samples comprising 1,420 cerebral organoids from 25 donors, and describe a framework (Orgo-Seq) to integrate bulk RNA and single-cell RNA sequence data. We apply Orgo-Seq to 16p11.2 deletions and 15q11–13 duplications, two loci associated with autism spectrum disorder, to identify immature neurons and intermediate progenitor cells as critical cell types for 16p11.2 deletions. We further applied Orgo-Seq to identify cell type-specific driver genes. Our work presents a quantitative phenotyping framework to integrate multi-transcriptomic datasets for the identification of cell types and cell type-specific co-expressed driver genes associated with neuropsychiatric disorders.
High-resolution two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy reveals the homogeneous line profile of chromophores solvated in nanoclusters
Authors: Bangert Ulrich , Stienkemeier Frank , Bruder Lukas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDoped clusters in the gas phase provide nanoconfined model systems for the study of system-bath interactions. To gain insight into interaction mechanisms between chromophores and their environment, the ensemble inhomogeneity has to be lifted and the homogeneous line profile must be accessed. However, such measurements are very challenging at the low particle densities and low signal levels in cluster beam experiments. Here, we dope cryogenic rare-gas clusters with phthalocyanine molecules and apply action-detected two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy to gain insight into the local molecule-cluster environment for solid and superfluid cluster species. The high-resolution homogeneous linewidth analysis provides a benchmark for the theoretical modelling of binding configurations and shows a promising route for high-resolution molecular two-dimensional spectroscopy.
Factors shaping the abundance and diversity of the gut archaeome across the animal kingdom
Authors: Thomas Courtney M. , Desmond-Le Quéméner Elie , Gribaldo Simonetta , Borrel Guillaume 
Published: June 2022

AbstractArchaea are common constituents of the gut microbiome of humans, ruminants, and termites but little is known about their diversity and abundance in other animals. Here, we analyse sequencing and quantification data of archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA genes from 250 species of animals covering a large taxonomic spectrum. We detect the presence of archaea in 175 animal species belonging to invertebrates, fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles and mammals. We identify five dominant gut lineages, corresponding to Methanobrevibacter, Methanosphaera, Methanocorpusculum, Methanimicrococcus and “Ca. Methanomethylophilaceae”. Some archaeal clades, notably within Methanobrevibacter, are associated to certain hosts, suggesting specific adaptations. The non-methanogenic lineage Nitrososphaeraceae (Thaumarchaeota) is frequently present in animal samples, although at low abundance, but may have also adapted to the gut environment. Host phylogeny, diet type, fibre content, and intestinal tract physiology are major drivers of the diversity and abundance of the archaeome in mammals. The overall abundance of archaea is more influenced by these factors than that of bacteria. Methanogens reducing methyl-compounds with H2 can represent an important fraction of the overall methanogens in many animals. Together with CO2-reducing methanogens, they are influenced by diet and composition of gut bacteria. Our results provide key elements toward our understanding of the ecology of archaea in the gut, an emerging and important field of investigation.
Exploring disaster impacts on adaptation actions in 549 cities worldwide
Authors: Nohrstedt Daniel , Hileman Jacob , Mazzoleni Maurizio , Di Baldassarre Giuliano , Parker Charles F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhether disasters influence adaptation actions in cities is contested. Yet, the extant knowledge base primarily consists of single or small-N case studies, so there is no global overview of the evidence on disaster impacts and adaptation. Here, we use regression analysis to explore the effects of disaster frequency and severity on four adaptation action types in 549 cities. In countries with greater adaptive capacity, economic losses increase city-level actions targeting recently experienced disaster event types, as well as actions to strengthen general disaster preparedness. An increase in disaster frequency reduces actions targeting hazard types other than those that recently occurred, while human losses have few effects. Comparisons between cities across levels of adaptive capacity indicate a wealth effect. More affluent countries incur greater economic damages from disasters, but also have higher governance capacity, creating both incentives and opportunities for adaptation measures. While disaster frequency and severity had a limited impact on adaptation actions overall, results are sensitive to which disaster impacts, adaptation action types, and adaptive capacities are considered.
Enhancement of electrocatalytic oxygen evolution by chiral molecular functionalization of hybrid 2D electrodes
Authors: Liang Yunchang , Banjac Karla , Martin Kévin , Zigon Nicolas , Lee Seunghwa , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Garcés-Pineda Felipe Andrés , Galán-Mascarós José R. , Hu Xile , Avarvari Narcis , Lingenfelder Magalí 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA sustainable future requires highly efficient energy conversion and storage processes, where electrocatalysis plays a crucial role. The activity of an electrocatalyst is governed by the binding energy towards the reaction intermediates, while the scaling relationships prevent the improvement of a catalytic system over its volcano-plot limits. To overcome these limitations, unconventional methods that are not fully determined by the surface binding energy can be helpful. Here, we use organic chiral molecules, i.e., hetero-helicenes such as thiadiazole-[7]helicene and bis(thiadiazole)-[8]helicene, to boost the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by up to ca. 130 % (at the potential of 1.65 V vs. RHE) at state-of-the-art 2D Ni- and NiFe-based catalysts via a spin-polarization mechanism. Our results show that chiral molecule-functionalization is able to increase the OER activity of catalysts beyond the volcano limits. A guideline for optimizing the catalytic activity via chiral molecular functionalization of hybrid 2D electrodes is given.
Direct in-water radiation dose measurements using Cherenkov emission corrected signals from polarization imaging for a clinical radiotherapy application
Authors: Cloutier Émily , Beaulieu Luc , Archambault Louis 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCherenkov emission (CE) is a visible blueish light emitted in water mediums irradiated by most radiotherapy treatment beams. However, CE is produced anisotropically which currently imposes a geometrical constraint uncertainty for dose measurements. In this work, polarization imaging is proposed and described as a method enabling precise 2D dose measurements using CE. CE produced in a water tank is imaged from four polarization angles using a camera coupled to a rotating polarizer. Using Malus’ law, the polarized component of CE is isolated and corrected with Monte Carlo calculated CE polar and azimuthal angular distributions. Projected dose measurements resulting from polarization-corrected CE are compared to equivalent radiochromic film measurements. Overall, agreement between polarized corrected CE signal and films measurements is found to be within 3%, for projected percent depth dose (PPDD) and profiles at the different tested energies ($$\gamma$$
γ
: 6 and $$18\,\hbox {MV}$$

18

MV

, e$$^{-}$$

-

: 6 and 18$$\,\hbox {MeV}$$

MeV

). In comparison, raw Cherenkov emission presented deviations up 60% for electron beam PPDDs and 20% for photon beams PPDDs. Finally, a degree of linear polarization between 29% and 47% was measured for CE in comparison to $$0.2\pm 0.3$$

0.2
±
0.3

% for scintillation. Hence, polarization imaging is found to be a promising and powerful method for improved radio-luminescent dose measurements with possible extensions to signal separation.
Diversity and distribution of CO2-fixing microbial community along elevation gradients in meadow soils on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Feng Haiyan , Wang Zhe , Jia Pengli , Gai Jingping , Chen Baodong , Wang Shikuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSoil CO2-fixing microbes play a significant role in CO2-fixation in the terrestrial ecosystems, particularly in the Tibetan Plateau. To understand carbon sequestration by soil CO2-fixing microbes and the carbon cycling in alpine meadow soils, microbial diversity and their driving environmental factors were explored along an elevation gradient from 3900 to 5100 m, on both east and west slopes of Mila Mountain region on the Tibetan Plateau. The CO2-fixing microbial communities were characterized by high-throughput sequencing targeting the cbbL gene, encoding the large subunit for the CO2-fixing protein ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. The overall OTU (Operational Taxonomic Unit) abundance is concentrated at an altitude between 4300  and  4900 m. The diversity of CO2-fixing microbes is the highest in the middle altitude area, and on the east slope is higher than those on the west slope. In terms of microbial community composition, Proteobacteria is dominant, and the most abundant genera are Cupriavidus, Rhodobacter, Sulfurifustis and Thiobacillus. Altitude has the greatest influence on the structural characteristics of CO2-fixing microbes, and other environmental factors are significantly correlated with altitude. Therefore, altitude influences the structural characteristics of CO2-fixing microbes by driving environmental factors. Our results are helpful to understand the variation in soil microbial community and its role in soil carbon cycling along elevation gradients.
Geometric property of off resonance error robust composite pulse
Authors: Kukita Shingo , Kiya Haruki , Kondo Yasushi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe precision of quantum operations is affected by unavoidable systematic errors. A composite pulse (CP), which has been well investigated in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), is a technique that suppresses the influence of systematic errors by replacing a single operation with a sequence of operations. In one-qubit operations, there are two typical systematic errors, Pulse Length Error (PLE) and Off Resonance Error (ORE). Recently, it was found that PLE robust CPs have a clear geometric property. In this study, we show that ORE robust CPs also have a simple geometric property, which is associated with trajectories on the Bloch sphere of the corresponding operations. We discuss the geometric property of ORE robust CPs using two examples.