bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tag-and-Trace Method of α-Al Crystals Applied to Study Solidification and Casting of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Santos Jorge , Jarfors Anders E. W. , Dahle Arne K. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this study, a new tag-and-trace method of α-Al crystals was developed and used to study the dissolution of a rotating Al-3Si-0.15Ti cylinder immersed into a superheated commercial purity aluminum melt. The developed tag-and-trace method consists of tagging the primary crystals of an alloy with the microsegregation of a peritectic forming solute element, e.g., titanium in aluminum alloys. During solidification, the primary crystals form with a high concentration of the peritectic forming solute, decreasing in the adjacent growth regions of the same crystal. After solidification, the solute microsegregation tag in the interior of the primary crystals can be revealed by color etching. In this work, an Al-3Si-0.15Ti cylinder with all the primary α-Al crystals tagged with titanium was immersed into a superheated titanium-free aluminum alloy. The superheat was varied, and all samples were quenched 10s after immersion of the cylinder. The tagged α-Al crystals from the original cylinder could be distinguished from the non-tagged α-Al crystals formed in the thermally undercooled region surrounding the cylinder and during quenching. Indications of liquid penetration were observed in some α-Al crystals, which indicates that disintegration of α-Al crystals may occur during stirring of the alloy cylinder into a superheated alloy.
Towards a resource efficient and privacy-preserving framework for campus-wide video analytics-based applications
Authors: Gupta Ankur , Prabhat Purnendu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVideo surveillance and analytics solutions based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) are increasingly being deployed across industries, including academia. There are a number of use-cases for campus-wide video analytics applications. Detecting events of interest in real-time and generating alerts is a core requirement for such applications, making them both network and compute intensive. Thus, the underlying framework needs to be resource optimized in terms of latency, compute and storage requirements for a multitude of video applications. Increasingly privacy concerns have been voiced against the pervasive deployment of video analytics-based applications. Thus, protecting the privacy of students and staff in a campus setting shall be a major design consideration for such systems going forward. This paper presents a resource optimized and privacy preserving framework for campus-wide video analytics applications. Several use-cases are presented and early results from the deployment of the proposed framework establish its feasibility and effectiveness.
Research on Rail Transit Dispatcher Emergency Decision Support Based on Case Similarity Matching
Authors: Fang Cheng , Zhu Lin , Liu Zhi-gang , Li Yu-fen , Huang Yuan-chun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo alleviate decision-making pressure on rail transit dispatchers in the emergency handling process, this work sorts out the scenario elements of rail transit emergency cases, establishes a scenario element system, and uses the information weight method to determine the weight of each scenario element. Based on the information of the key decision points, the complete process of emergencies is divided into various scenarios, and an emergency case representation model is constructed. The model establishes a database of historical emergency cases in rail transit, utilizes the scenarios as the search object to match the similarity of emergencies, and provides the decision-making support information to handle the current emergencies. Furthermore, the model constructed in this paper is subjected to an actual emergency case for analysis and calculation, which verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed model.
An evaluation of fiber-based damage for assessing the failure of aortic tissue: comparison between healthy and aneurysmal aortas
Authors: Ayyalasomayajula Venkat , Pierrat Baptiste , Badel Pierre 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe decision of surgical intervention for an aortic aneurysm is usually associated with an assessment of risk of its rupture. Global rupture risk assessment parameters like wall diameter and growth of the aneurysm over time often fail at predicting the risk of rupture with accuracy. This paper will investigate the hypothesis that the tissue’s microstructure determines its macroscopic failure. To this aim, two different testing protocols have been implemented. Human ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (ATAA) tissue samples were subjected to bulge-inflation testing until rupture coupled with multi-photon microscopy (MPM) imaging. Image stacks of the sample were acquired at different pressure levels. Additionally, porcine aorta samples were tested under uniaxial tension until failure and their response was recorded. Prior to mechanical testing, MPM image stacks were acquired at four different zones on the sample. The image stacks acquired at the load free state were used to extract morphological information relating to collagen fibers. Then, an inverse random sampling approach was used to generate pseudomorphological parameters for network reconstruction. A discrete model of the collagen network signifying its stochastic nature was then developed, including both prefailure and post-failure mechanics. The model was able to replicate the mechanical response and failure of the tissue, and demonstrated that fiber-based damage can strongly shape the macroscopic failure response of the tissue. Identified values of collagen fiber failure strain were in the range of 8.8 to 29.3% in the case of aneurysmal samples, and 18.7 to 25.5% in the case of porcine samples. A statistical analysis enabled the characterization of correlation between fiber morphology and tissue failure. The model may serve as a useful tool for predicting macroscale failure of the aortic wall based on the variations in microscale morphology.
Caesarean Section in Indonesia: Analysis of Trends and Socio-Demographic Correlates in Three Demographic and Health Surveys (2007–2017)
Authors: Islam Md. Akhtarul , Shanto Hasibul Hasan , Jabbar Abdul , Howlader Md. Hasan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study determined the prevalence and trends in caesarean section (C-section) deliveries and the factors associated with the utilization of C-section deliveries among Indonesian mothers from 2007 to 2017.MethodsWe used Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey data sets (2007, 2012, and 2017) to assess the prevalence, trends, and factors associated with C-section delivery through univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses.ResultsA 10% increase in C-section delivery among Indonesian women was observed between the years 2007 and 2017. Mothers from urban areas tended to receive more C-sections than mothers from rural areas (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.49). More educated mothers were more likely (aOR = 3.373) to receive C-sections than mothers without formal education. Mothers from wealthy family backgrounds were more (aOR = 1.97) likely to receive C-sections than mothers from low-income families. Antenatal care (ANC) visits were significantly positively associated with receiving C-sections; mothers with more than four ANC visits (aOR = 4.54) tended to receive more C-sections than mothers with no ANC visits. For first births, mothers over 25 years of age were more likely (aOR = 2.07) to receive C-sections than mothers less than 18 years of age.ConclusionThe percentage of C-sections has alarmingly increased. Thus, authorities in Indonesia should consider these findings and take necessary steps to decrease C-sections. The results of this study should help policymakers formulate appropriate policies that will encourage regular delivery where most appropriate.
A qualitative approach to examining antimicrobial prescribing in the outpatient dental setting
Authors: Hughes Ashley M. , Evans Charlesnika T. , Fitzpatrick Margaret A. , Kale Ibuola O. , Vivo Amanda , Boyer Taylor L. , Solanki Pooja A. , Gibson Gretchen , Jurasic M. Marianne , Sharp Lisa K. , Echevarria Kelly L. , Suda Katie J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To understand barriers and facilitators to evidence-based prescribing of antibiotics in the outpatient dental setting.

Design:
Semistructured interviews.

Setting:
Outpatient dental setting.

Participants:
Dentists from 40 Veterans’ Health Administration (VA) facilities across the United States.

Methods:
Dentists were identified based on their prescribing patterns and were recruited to participate in a semistructured interview on perceptions toward prescribing. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and double-coded for analysis, with high reliability between coders. We identified general trends using the theoretical domains framework and mapped overarching themes onto the behavior change wheel to identify prospective interventions that improve evidence-based prescribing.

Results:
In total, 90 dentists participated in our study. The following barriers and facilitators to evidence-based prescribing emerged as impacts on a dentist’s decision making on prescribing an antibiotic: access to resources, social influence of peers and other care providers, clinical judgment, beliefs about consequences, local features of the clinic setting, and beliefs about capabilities.

Conclusions:
Findings from this work reveal the need to increase awareness of up-to-date antibiotic prescribing behaviors in dentistry and may inform the best antimicrobial stewardship interventions to support dentists’ ongoing professional development and improve evidence-based prescribing.
P.166 Subcutaneous intrathecal catheter and port implants for administration of Nusinersen in patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Bokeris A , Mcneely D , Sheriko J 
Published: June 2022

Background: Until recently, no effective treatment was available for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). In 2017, Health Canada approved intrathecal Nusinersen a medication that prevents degeneration of the motor neurons in the spinal cord. The administration is intrathecally most commonly via lumbar puncture (LP) to have a direct effect on the motor neurons of the spinal cord.Many older patients with SMA and concomitant spinal deformities present technical challenges to access the thecal sac. Different routes have been described for delivery of the medication. These techniques may require sedation, are associated with radiation exposure, and demand experience personnel. Methods: A new surgical technique has been proposed to overcome these obstacles by combining two Health Canada approved devices: 1) an intrathecal catheter designed for intrathecal baclofen pumps and 2) an implantable subcutaneous port designed for intravascular medication administration Results: We describe the technical nuances and outline the clinical outcomes of six patients with complex spine deformities who have undergone such an implant for administration of Nusinersen. Conclusions: We discuss the benefits of the procedure which includes: 1) administration in the outpatient setting without sedation, 2) avoidance of costly imaging and experienced personnel, and 3) placement of the catheter in the cervicothoracic junction.
Competing Endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in Colorectal Cancer: A Review
Authors: Akhbari Mohammad Hossein , Zafari Zahra , Sheykhhasan Mohsen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) that contain microRNA response elements (MREs) are involved in CRC progression. They can compete with microRNAs (miRNAs) via their MREs, which can combine non-coding and coding RNAs via complex ceRNA networks. This molecular interaction has the potential to affect a wide variety of biological processes, and many cancers can occur as a result of an imbalanced ceRNA network. Recent research indicates that numerous dysregulated RNAs in CRC may function as ceRNAs, regulating multiple biological functions of the tumour, including proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, invasion and migration. In this review, we discuss the role of protein-coding and non-coding RNAs, such as long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs and pseudogenes, in the occurrence of ceRNA networks in CRC, and their function in cancer-related pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, mitogen-activated protein kinase and transforming growth factor-β signalling pathways. Additionally, we discuss validated ceRNAs associated with CRC biological functions and their potential role as novel prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. Examining the role of ceRNAs in CRC sheds new light on cancer treatment and pathogenesis.
Output characteristics of high-power stimulated Brillouin scattering pulse compression enhanced by thermal effects based on HT270
Authors: Wang Hongli , Cha Seongwoo , Kong Hong Jin , Wang Yulei , Lv Zhiwei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThermal effects are typically considered as obstacles to high-repetition-rate stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) pulse compression. In this paper, a novel method is proposed for improving the SBS output characteristics by exploiting thermal effects on the liquid medium. Using HT270, the SBS output parameters with the medium purification and rotating off-centered lens methods are studied at different repetition rates. The results indicate that these two methods can alleviate thermal effects and improve the energy efficiency, but the rotating method reduces the energy stability because of the aggravated optical breakdown at the kilohertz-level repetition rate. For a 35-mJ pump energy, the energy efficiency at 2 kHz without the rotating method is 30% higher than that at 100 Hz and 70% higher than that at 500 Hz. The enhancement of the SBS output characteristics by thermal effects is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally, and 2-kHz high-power SBS pulse compression is achieved with HT270.
Income inequality in authoritarian regimes: the role of political institutions and state capacity
Authors: Panaro Angelo Vito , Vaccaro Andrea 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, there has been an institutional shift in the literature on authoritarian regimes, with scholars investigating the role of political institutions, such as elections and political parties, in shaping regime stability and economic performance. However, scant attention has been devoted to the effect of political institutions on policy outcomes, and more specifically, on income inequality. This paper adds to this debate and sheds light on the role of formal and informal institutions, on the one hand, and state capacity, on the other, in influencing levels of income inequality in autocracies. We argue that, while the presence of elections and multiparty competition creates more favourable conditions for the adoption of redistributive policies, state capacity increases the likelihood of successfully implemented policy decisions aimed at reducing the level of inequality. Our empirical analysis rests on a time-series cross-sectional dataset, which includes around 100 countries from 1972 to 2014. The findings indicate that both political institutions and a higher level of state capacity lead to lower levels of income inequality in authoritarian contexts.
Never Again
Authors: Wayne Carly , Zhukov Yuri M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDo individuals previously targeted by genocide become more supportive of other victimized groups? How are these political lessons internalized and passed down across generations? To answer these questions, the authors leverage original survey data collected among Holocaust survivors in the United States and their descendants, Jews with no immediate family connection to the Holocaust, and non-Jewish Americans. They find that historical victimization is associated with increased support for vulnerable out-groups, generating stable political attitudes that endure across generations. Holocaust survivors are most supportive of aiding refugees, followed by descendants, especially those who grew up discussing the Holocaust with their survivor relatives. An embedded experiment demonstrates the steadfastness of these attitudes: unlike non-Jews or Jews without survivor relatives, survivors’ and descendants’ views toward refugees do not change after reading an in-group versus out-group–protective interpretation of the “never again” imperative. Histories of victimization can play an ameliorative role in intergroup relations.
Immunological differences between heart- and kidney-transplanted children: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ekman-Joelsson Britt-Marie , Brandström Per , Allén Maria , Andersson Bengt , Wåhlander Håkan , Mellgren Karin , Ekwall Olov 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPost-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder is a potentially mortal complication after heart transplantation in children. As the immune system plays a crucial role in the development of lymphoma, we explored the influence of thymus function in relation to immunosuppressive treatment in organ-transplanted children and healthy control subjects. A prospective case–control study was performed at a single centre, in which 36 children who had undergone heart transplantation were compared to two control groups: 34 kidney-transplanted children and 33 healthy age- and sex-matched children. T- and B-lymphocyte subtypes and monocytes were analysed by flow cytometry, and T-cell receptor excision circles were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Heart-transplanted children had a lymphocyte profile characterised by reduced or absent thymic function with low numbers of T-cell receptor excision circles and total and naïve T cells, together with immune activation against the allograft. Despite similar immunosuppressive treatment, the kidney-transplanted group showed an activated T-lymphocyte compartment.
A Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Algorithm for Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Data from a Single Sample Orientation
Authors: Brown Hamish G , Pelz Philipp M , Hsu Shang-Lin , Zhang Zimeng , Ramesh Ramamoorthy , Inzani Katherine , Sheridan Evan , Griffin Sinéad M , Schloz Marcel , Pekin Thomas C , Koch Christoph T , Findlay Scott D , Allen Leslie J , Scott Mary C , Ophus Colin , Ciston Jim 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Increasing interest in three-dimensional nanostructures adds impetus to electron microscopy techniques capable of imaging at or below the nanoscale in three dimensions. We present a reconstruction algorithm that takes as input a focal series of four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) data. We apply the approach to a lead iridate, PbIrO, and yttrium-stabilized zirconia, YZrO, heterostructure from data acquired with the specimen in a single plan-view orientation, with the epitaxial layers stacked along the beam direction. We demonstrate that Pb–Ir atomic columns are visible in the uppermost layers of the reconstructed volume. We compare this approach to the alternative techniques of depth sectioning using differential phase contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (DPC-STEM) and multislice ptychographic reconstruction.
Hype, skin in the game, and the stability of cooperative science
Authors: Lenardic Adrian , Seales Johnny , Covington Anthony 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe address a recently posed question: ‘Why Do So Many Astronomy (and Astrobiology) Discoveries Fail to Live Up to the Hype?’ We expand it to cover hype within science in general. Our answer relies on working definitions of hype and skin in the game, as applied to research science, and a game theory model for the stability of cooperative science. Low skin in the game allows internal feedbacks, within the research science community, to initiate increased hype and a drift toward structural instability. The instability leads to the deterioration of cooperative equilibria, which further enhances hype. Along the drift, the number of results hyped as breakthroughs will increase and more claims will fail to live up to the hype. This can lead to the public perception that science is moving backwards and a shift in the perception of what scientists, and science, values. Although a hype instability can be initiated by external nudges, a bigger role is played by the internal dynamics of the system, i.e. the collective of working scientists. Corrections for a drift toward instability should, likewise, focus on internal structure. Proposed external shifts on how research is disseminated will add restrictions to a system that can do more harm than good.
Preeclampsia-induced alterations in brain and liver gene expression and DNA methylation patterns in fetal mice
Authors: Hofsink Naomi , Dijkstra Dorieke J. , Stojanovska Violeta , Scherjon Sicco A. , Plösch Torsten 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExposure to pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia (PE), has lifelong influences on offspring’s health. We have previously reported that experimental PE, induced in mice by administration of adenoviral sFlt1 at gestational day 8.5 combined with LPS at day 10.5, results in symmetrical growth restriction in female and asymmetrical growth restriction in male offspring. Here, we characterize the molecular phenotype of the fetal brain and liver with respect to gene transcription and DNA methylation at the end of gestation.In fetal brain and liver, expression and DNA methylation of several key regulatory genes is altered by PE exposure, mostly independent of fetal sex. These alterations point toward a decreased gluconeogenesis in the liver and stimulated neurogenesis in the brain, potentially affecting long-term brain and liver function. The observed sex-specific growth restriction pattern is not reflected in the molecular data, showing that PE, rather than tissue growth, drives the molecular phenotype of PE-exposed offspring.
Distinctive germination attributes of feather fingergrass (Chloris virgata) biotypes in response to different thermal conditions
Authors: Desai Het Samir , Chauhan Bhagirath Singh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn in-depth understanding of the germination response of troublesome weed species, such as feather fingergrass (Chloris virgata Sw.), to environmental factors (temperature, soil moisture, etc.) could play an essential role in the development of sustainable site-specific weed control programs. A laboratory experiment was conducted to understand the germination response of 10 different biotypes of C. virgata to five temperature regimes (ranging from 15/5 to 35/25 C) under a 12/12-h (light/dark) photoperiod. No consistent germination behavior was observed between biotypes, as some biotypes demonstrated high final cumulative germination (FCG) at low alternating temperature regimes (15/5 and 20/10 C) and some biotypes exhibited high FCG at a high alternating temperature regime (30/20 C). All biotypes revealed late germination initiation (T10, time taken to reach 10% germination) at the lowest temperature range (15/5 C), ranging from 171 to 173 h. However, less time was required to reach 90% germination (T90), ranging from 202 to 756 h. At higher alternating temperature regimes (30/20 and 35/25 C), all biotypes initiated germination (T10) within 40 h, and a wide range of hours was required to reach 90% germination (T90), ranging from 284 to 1,445 h. Differences in FCG of all the biotypes at all the temperature ranges showcased the differential germination nature among biotypes of C. virgata. The cool temperatures delayed germination initiation compared with warmer temperatures, even though FCGs were similar across a wide range of thermal conditions, indicating that this species will be problematic throughout the calendar year in different agronomic environments. The data from this study have direct implications on scheduling herbicide protocols, tillage timing, and planting time. Therefore, data generated from this study can aid in the development of area- and species-specific weed control protocols to achieve satisfactory control of this weed species.