bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
God, Knowledge, and the Good
Authors: Zagzebski Linda Trinkaus 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis book collects eighteen papers in philosophy of religion by Linda Zagzebski, spanning thirty-five years of her work. The papers are divided into eight topical categories: (I) foreknowledge and fatalism; (II) the problem of evil; (III) death, hell, and resurrection; (IV) God and morality; (V) omnisubjectivity; (VI) the rationality of religious belief; (VII) rational religious belief, self-trust, and authority; and (VIII) God, Trinity, and the metaphysics of modality. All papers have been at least lightly revised. The introduction relates the papers to the main themes of Zagzebski’s books in philosophy of religion, theistic ethics, and epistemology, as well as to some unpublished papers.
An Agent-Based Approach to the Problem of Evil (1996)
Authors: Zagzebski Linda Trinkaus 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper argues against one of the supplementary premises in the logical problem of evil—the premise that a good being is motivated to produce good and to prevent or eliminate evil. That premise assumes that the good or evil of states of affairs is primary, and the goodness of agents is at least partly derivative from the good or bad of the states of affairs they aim to bring about or to prevent. This was the first paper in which Zagzebski explored divine motivation theory, a theory that bases good and bad on the motivational states of God. According to this theory, God is good in the primary sense, and the good and bad of everything else is derivative from God’s motives, which include permitting his creatures to be free persons. What makes free will necessary is not that God sees its goodness, but that God is motivated to have a relationship with creatures who have free will. Freedom is necessary because it is a condition for a personal relationship, not because of its goodness. God’s motives express the divine nature, and one finds out what good motives are by looking at the motives of God as expressed in what God does, not by conceptual analysis.
Religious Diversity and Social Responsibility (2001)
Authors: Zagzebski Linda Trinkaus 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper explores what Zagzebski calls the second-person approach to rationality as it applies to the diversity of religious beliefs. The proposal is that rationality gives us social responsibilities, and that leads to some principles governing discourse across religious cultures. One is the Culture-Sensitivity principle: Persons should treat the members of other cultures and religions as though they are prima facie as rational as themselves. A second is the Rational Recognition principle: If a belief is rational, its rationality can be recognized, in principle, by rational persons in other cultures engaged in sympathetic contact with each other.
Quantifying Like a Regime
Authors: Wallace Jeremy L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHow does an authoritarian regime convince itself and others that it should rule? Regimes have contested identities, and individuals embedded in these regimes build justifications for their rule. Quantification is a rhetorical device central to many authoritarian justification strategies, with a variety of features attractive to such regimes. Quantification tends to engage the deliberative rather than the instinctive mind, taking the heat out of potentially emotionally charged political dilemmas. The appearance of objectivity and universalism rather than particularistic favoritism appeals to humanity’s pro-fairness disposition. Number-based discussions complicate issues, pushing deliberation into measurement questions rather than values and framing debates as being about concrete facts rather than more ephemeral but significant reactions. Yet quantification is hardly a panacea, as the gaming of evaluation systems eventually produces unreliable measures of their original intent and performance inevitably wanes. These effects lead audiences and authors to yearn for a different discourse.
The Roots of Engagement
Authors: Arce Moisés , Hendricks Michael S. , Polizzi Marc S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Studies of resource conflicts emphasize the structural characteristics of mining projects and the strategies of pro- and anti-mining groups in the context of large-scale mining. In this book, we take a different approach that looks at individuals living near proposed mines. We argue and show that individuals are drawn to their communities in different ways. Some of them participate in local organizations more than others, and this social engagement sets them apart from each other when it comes to their views and later demands about mining. By participating in local organizations, individuals gain critical information about the threats posed by mining as well as resources to address community concerns. Participation in local organizations also emboldens individuals to challenge industry and/or government actors seeking to expand resource extraction. And finally, participation in local organizations imparts a community worldview that allows community members to see themselves as being in the same boat, thus also rejecting proposals that jeopardize existing community livelihoods. Individuals who are less socially engaged, in contrast, are more open to embracing the opportunities about mining coming from industry and/or government actors. They apply greater weight to the importance of resource extraction to the nation and their own pocketbooks. These individuals are more likely to express supportive views about mining. The book examines this variation in individual attitudes in three sites characterized by protracted mining conflicts in Peru, Nicaragua, and South Africa. Fieldwork and original surveys in host communities near proposed mines support these findings.
Solving Social Dilemmas
Authors: Congleton Roger D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSolving Social Dilemmas demonstrates that social, political, and economic progress occurs when ethical dispositions evolve in a manner that solves or ameliorates social dilemmas. That process can account for the emergence of prosperous societies in the West during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. To support that claim, two analytical histories are developed. The first uses elementary game theory to illustrate how a series of critical social dilemmas can be solved by internalized ethical ideas about “proper” or “moral” conduct. Without such solutions, commercial societies would not have emerged. The second analytical history surveys three centuries of ethical assessments of the proper role of commerce in a good life and good society. The authors reviewed reveal that reservations about the effects of markets on ethical dispositions were diminishing during the centuries leading up to the great acceleration of commerce in the West during the nineteenth century. Together, the two narratives imply that shifts in norms directly and indirectly account for the relative prosperity of the West compared to other parts of the World during the twentieth century.
Ethics and Neoclassical Price Theory
Authors: Congleton Roger D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChapter 4 shows how one can bring ethical dispositions into mainstream neoclassical models of price determination, labor markets, and social equilibria. It shows how a subset of ethical dispositions affect average product quality and thereby affect the demands for labor with and without such dispositions. Changes in real wages, in turn, tend to affect the development of ethical dispositions. These implicitly alter the wage premiums paid to persons with productive ethical dispositions, and thereby increase incentives to invest in the virtues being rewarded and diminish incentives to acquire virtues not being rewarded or being penalized. This suggests that markets and community ethos tend to coevolve, although ethical dispositions change more slowly than market prices. Modest extensions of conventional diagrams from elementary economics courses are used throughout the chapter.
Classical Liberalism, Ethics, and Commerce
Authors: Congleton Roger D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe eighteenth century was a period of major innovation in social science and ethical theory. Montesquieu developed a new theory of law and of constitutional design. Adam Smith developed a new psychologically grounded theory of ethics and a new more integrated economic theory. Kant, among other contributions, suggested another view of ethical theory grounded in duty. And Bentham—whose work is reviewed in the next chapter—proposed a return to the Aristotelian foundation of ethics—as rules and behavior that tend to maximize happiness for all (aggregate utility). This chapter provides short overviews of these developments and also reviews the more applied and widely read contributions by Franklin and Bastiat.
Philosophical perspectives and theories about creative self-expression and well-being
Authors: Kaimal Girija 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Continuing from the initial framework presented in Chapter 1, this chapter focuses on the philosophical and theoretical perspectives of creative expression and how they have been conceptualized as a part of human development. Creative expression is a natural extension of our brain’s innate wiring to imagine an inherently uncertain future. This uncertainty and how it manifests in our social, emotional and relational options and choices sets us on our journey of discovery about self-expression, creative self-expression, art-making, and what it means for us as human beings. Self-expression through metaphor becomes the artistic way to externalize and connect with ourselves and with others. This chapter presents some salient theoretical perspectives on creativity as it relates to self-expression, well-being, and exercising the imagination.
Evoking the protector within
Authors: Kaimal Girija 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The previous chapters delineated some of the evolutionary aspects of creative self-expression, especially how it relates to receptive and expressive experiences in the brain and body. Most research to date has focused on receptive experiences, such as those that involve viewing or experiencing art and expressive experiences. Less has been done on experiences related to creating or making an art product. Questions related to the impact on our psychological and physiological states when we create remain largely unanswered and continue to intrigue researchers. However, evidence of the interconnections between physical health and psychological well-being is mounting. This chapter focuses on neurobiological changes such as those tracked in neurotransmitters, neuroinflammation (markers of infection in the body), and hormones and how they are associated with different psychological and emotional experiences, especially those involving the creative expressive process.
Creative self-expression by ourselves and with others
Authors: Kaimal Girija 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The experiences of traveling alone are different from those of journeying with others. Bringing this analogy to art-making, there are differences between art-making by ourselves and creating with or in the presence of others. There are also different professionals, such as art educators, arts-in-health professionals, and art therapists, who serve this facilitative role in society. This chapter discusses how these varied contexts of self-expression contribute to our development and well-being in life. The author offers a theory, Adaptive Response Theory, that explains how self-expression is an adaptive response that offers different outcomes and benefits based on the level of adversity and our ability to cope. This power is harnessed in professions like art therapy.
When words are not enough
Authors: Kaimal Girija 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The developmental years of childhood and youth form the structure of our lives, including our worldview, self-perceptions, and approaches to challenges and ongoing stressors in life. Although we need stressors to grow our muscles of resilience and strength, some kinds of stress strengthen us and other kinds can be developmentally hurtful and unhelpful. Adversities that occur during the developmental years can fundamentally alter children’s perceptions of self and complicate perceptions of danger and safety in self and others. The period of childhood and adolescence offers opportunities to embed resilience and help children and youth learn creative tools and strategies to manage and process experiences as they approach emerging adulthood. Using examples from school settings, pediatric cancer clinics, and humanitarian work, I review in this chapter how authentic self-expression can promote physical and mental health among children and youth.
Private Debts in Classical Greece
Authors: Hinsch Moritz 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Private debts in classical Greece present an apparent paradox. Why was the notion that “one must pay one’s debts” considered both a bond of social cohesion and a cause of civil strife? And why are so few full-blown debt crises on record, although debts were pervasive aspects of life? Classical Greece presents a useful case study to test and modify Graeber’s stimulating claims about the role of debt in Axial-Age societies. The chapter argues that the effective meaning of the notion that “one must pay one’s debts” depended on the prevalent structures of trust, power, and economic opportunity in society. Far from being just another tool of exploitation in the hands of the powerful, the consensus that one must pay one’s debts underpinned commercial cooperation between groups of different status and occupation. In classical Greece, a large segment of the free population escaped the vicious circle of peasant indebtedness amply documented for other premodern societies because the social ecology of a Mediterranean city-state culture offered non-elite citizens opportunities to thwart exploitation and escape poverty. The privileges and opportunities of the free population had their limits, however. Direct economic help was restricted to citizens and remained narrowly circumscribed in extent. If tensions about the accumulation of private debts did not turn into full-blown crises more often, one reason was that the same advantages that protected citizens from overburdening debt also weakened solidarity with those who got crushed by its weight.
Monetization, Marketization, and State Formation
Authors: Weisweiler John 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter looks at the later Roman state (the Mediterranean world and western Europe in the period from the later third to the early fifth centuries CE) through the prism of David Graeber’s theory. In this period, tax rates increased, and the size of the imperial administration expanded substantially. It has often been thought that this strengthening of state power reduced the scope for market exchange. Yet recent archaeological evidence has decisively refuted such theories. In many regions of the Roman Empire, monetization and inter-regional exchange reached levels not seen in previous periods of ancient history. How to explain this apparent paradox? Graeber’s insistence on the link between state formation, metal currency, and the formation of impersonal markets may help to make sense of these developments. The late antique strengthening of state power did not curb the dynamism of the Mediterranean economy but promoted an extension of market logics to new fields of life. In particular, the introduction of a new “hard” gold currency, the solidus, and the imposition of a new taxation system promoted an increase in monetization and a further expansion of commodity markets.
After the Axial Age
Authors: Rio Alice 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The medieval era plays a crucial role in David Graeber’s Debt, where it represents a return to milder, virtual credit after the cash-centered debt spirals of the Axial Age. This makes the European early Middle Ages a clear moment of transition from one end of the spectrum in the logic of debt to the other. Graeber, though, does not engage with it much explicitly. This chapter tries to think through what the period looks like when it is asked the questions put forward by Graeber and finds much there that actually fits his model rather well. Where it fits the surviving evidence least well is when it comes to consequences: The early medieval case shows that virtual, community-based credit could have consequences as harsh as state-driven, cash-based credit processes.
Afterword
Authors: Hart Keith 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The breakout from agrarian civilization was led by urban middle-class elements in a few European places. For a thousand years bce, class coalitions based, respectively, on property in land and money slugged it out for control of Mediterranean society. The world today can be summarized as a two-class model. A rich, mainly White, aging minority is surrounded by people who are a lot poorer, darker in color, and much younger. A stagnant Western elite is about to be replaced by a majority from whom it is separated by cultural arrogance and ingrained practices of social exclusion. The institutions of agrarian civilization, developed over five millennia to extract wealth from an unfree rural workforce, are, in form if not in content, our institutions today: territorial states, landed property, warfare, racism, varieties of slavery, embattled cities, money as currency and credit, long-distance trade, an emphasis on work, world religion, and the nuclear family—all of this to preserve gross inequality. Human society has never been modern. It is comprised of primitives who stumbled recently into a machine revolution and cannot think what to do with it beyond repeating the inhumanity of a society built unequally on agriculture. Humanity is caught between the machine revolution and agrarian institutions, and the combination is potentially lethal. The Afterword ends with a fuller account of David Graeber’s Debt: The First 5,000 Years, which inspired this volume.
Introduction
Authors: Pindyck Robert S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter introduces the book’s basic arguments. It explains that despite our best efforts, it is not realistic to expect global GHG emissions to fall fast enough to prevent substantial global warming, which can result in rising sea levels and more severe and frequent hurricanes. In addition to reducing emissions, we need to invest now in various forms of adaptation, both public and private, in order to reduce the possible impact of climate change. Examples of adaptation include changes to the crops we plant, avoiding construction of homes in flood-prone areas, construction of sea walls and levee, and solar geoengineering.
Introduction to Qualitative Interviewing
Authors: Brinkmann Svend 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Chapter 1 gives an overview of the variegated landscape of qualitative interviewing. Qualitative interviewing has today become a key method in the human and social sciences and many other corners of the scientific landscape, such as education and the health sciences. After recounting the history of interviewing in the human and social sciences, the chapter summarizes the central epistemological and theoretical positions on interviewing. Particular attention is given to the complementary positions of experience-focused interviewing (phenomenological positions) and language-focused interviewing (discourse-oriented positions), which focus respectively on interview talk as reports (of the experiences of interviewees) and accounts (occasioned by the situation of interviewing).
Writing Up the Methods Section
Authors: Brinkmann Svend 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Chapter 4 is about how to write up the methodological procedures of an interview study. The most general rule across paradigmatic differences is: Describe what you have done and why. After describing the elements that commonly figure in interview reports (e.g., journal articles and dissertations), the chapter presents three ways of thinking about the methods section: as a prelude to presenting the analyses and findings, as a postscript to the text, and as embedded and integrated in the text. Also discussed is how to deal with the fact that in qualitative interviewing, the researcher is the most important “instrument” for producing knowledge. A good methods section should address this “instrument,” while other parts of the methods section can be more mechanical.
Seeing Is Believing
Authors: Lischer Richard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Julian of Norwich is the mother of feminist thinking about God. She writes from one emblematic event, her visions of Jesus experienced on May 8, 1373. The imagery of her visions is colored by the familiar presence of plague. Her book is a true memoir because it sustains a narrative thread. All that she observes is small in comparison with the magnitude of God’s love—e.g., the world as a hazelnut. Such love rules out damnation and hell. God is not an angry Daddy but our loving Mother. Her mantra is “All will be well,” a timeless consolation. She nurtures her vision for decades as an anchoress in the Church of St. Julian where she offers blessings to many, including her neighbor Margery Kempe. Margery, too, is a prophet, but public, bawdy, and given to loud fits of crying. She visits Julian in her anchorhold and receives pastoral consolation.
A Life for the Poor
Authors: Lischer Richard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In Dorothy Day’s The Long Loneliness, one woman’s story mirrors decades of American history: the Roaring Twenties, the Great Depression, and World War II—all of it viewed through the prism of a life given in service to the poor. The unforgiving density of her world, with its poverty, war, and social radicalism, creates the central metaphor of the book, which is the author’s personal loneliness. She writes, as it were, from the confessional, and her conversion to radical Catholicism lies at her book’s center. By the end of her autobiography, she has accomplished much—and has given up even more: marriage, family, and personal desires. Her story sparkles with characters—her unfeeling father, siblings, fledgling literati (such as Eugene O’Neill), daughter Tamar, but most of all her mentor, Peter Maurin. All contribute to what she calls “the miracle of our continuance.” She will be a saint.
Autobiography as Exorcism
Authors: Lischer Richard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
James Baldwin is a nomadic Christian. He serves the twentieth-century church by exorcizing it of its demons. He also exorcizes America of the same demon—racism—and himself of much sorrow and a soul full of Harlem memories. Exorcism is fundamental to the New Testament’s portrait of Jesus. It is a historic office of the church. Once a boy preacher, Baldwin performs the office faithfully. Everything Baldwin wrote was about himself—his need for love and his fury over racism. He wrote many autobiographical collections, the most famous being Notes of a Native Son and The Fire Next Time, which first appeared in fictional form in Go Tell It on the Mountain. Both tell the story of his conversion to Christianity and his escape from the church’s clutches. He never stopped running. An expatriate in France and Turkey, much of what the church gave him he carried with him forever.