bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative investigation on thermally sprayed Al2O3, Al2O3–13%(TiO2) and Al2O3–40%(TiO2) composite coatings from room to 400 °C temperature
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Murtaza Qasim , Walia R S , Singh Pushpendra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the present study, three coatings of Al2O3, Al2O3–13%(TiO2) and Al2O3–40%(TiO2) composite coatings were deposited by the thermally flame spray process. The comparative wear behaviour of the Al2O3–TiO2 coatings has been studied under high temperature levels up to 400 °C with the help of a high temperature tribometer at a constant load of 40N. Prior to the tribo-test, the coating morphology and elemental analysis has been examined with the help of field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), elemental dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) and x-ray powder diffraction (XRD) techniques. The mechanical properties have been also analyzed and reported. The results reveal that specific wear rate decreases with an increase in temperature for all the deposited coating except Al2O3 coating at 400 °C. The overall friction coefficient of the coatings is decreasing with the increasing temperature. The Al2O3–40%TiO2 coating showed maximum sustainability against wear as well as a low coefficient of friction because of its low hardness and high adhesion properties. The examined worn surface validates the presence of brittle fracture and abrasive wear behaviour mechanism along with the oxidation wear, from room temperature to 400 °C.
Effect of Al content on microstructure and wear properties of FeCrNiMnAlx high-entropy alloys
Authors: Xing Xuewei , Liu Ying , Hu Jinkang , Li Wei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A series of FeCrNiMnAlx (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0 in molar ratio) high entropy alloys (HEAs) were prepared by the vacuum arc melting method. The effects of Al content on the microstructure, mechanical and wear properties were investigated. For FeCrNiMn alloy, the microstructure was main homogeneous structure with face-centered cubic (FCC) phase, whilst FeCrNiMnAl0.3 produced a dendritic microstructure consisting of a mixture of FCC + BCC + B2 phases, and the mixture BCC + B2 dendritic interdendritic microstructure appeared when the molar ratio of Al is beyond 0.5. The hardness and yield stress of the HEAs are effectively improved with the increased Al amount but the ductility is lowered. In this case, FeCrNiMnAl alloy showed decreased yield stress due to the deteriorated ductility. Moreover, the friction coefficient decreases, and the wear resistance improved with the increased aluminum content. FeCrNiMnAl0.8 HEAs have the best wear resistance due to the advantages of achieving a balance of strength and ductility.
Nitrogen driven niche differentiation in bacterioplankton communities of northeast coastal Bay of Bengal
Authors: Ghosh Anwesha , Woodward E Malcolm S , Saha Ratul , Nelson Craig E , Bhadury Punyasloke 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Bay of Bengal receives nitrogen inputs from multiple sources and the potential role of nitrogen-metabolizing microbial communities in the surface water is not well understood. The nitrogen budget estimate shows a deficit of 4.7 ± 2.4 Tg N yr-1, suggesting a significant role of dissolved organic nitrogen remineralization in fuelling ecosystem processes. Unravelling the process of remineralization leading to increasing concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in coastal ecosystems such as in mangroves require a better understanding of the composition of functional resident bacterioplankton communities. Bacterioplankton communities were elucidated from eight stations along different estuaries spanning west to east of northeast coastal Bay of Bengal to understand the influence of DIN on shaping these communities. The eight stations were differentiated into ‘low’ and ‘high’ DIN stations based on DIN concentration, with five stations with High DIN concentration (>45 μM) and three stations with Low DIN concentration (<40μM). The V3–V4 region of 16S rRNA was amplified and sequenced to elucidate resident bacterioplankton community structure from environmental DNA. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were the dominant bacterioplankton phyla across all stations. Nitrogen-fixing groups such as Nitrospirae, Lentisphaerae, Chloroflexi, and Planctomycetes make up about 1% of the bacterioplankton communities. Abundances of Spirochaetes and Tenericutes showed a positive correlation with DIN. Pseudomonadales, Alteromonadales, and Desulfovibrionales were found to distinctly vary in abundance between Low and High DIN stations. Predicted metagenomic profiles from taxonomically derived community structures indicated bacterial nitrate-nitrite reductase to be negatively correlated with prevalent DIN concentration in High DIN stations but positively correlated in Low DIN stations. This trend was also consistent for genes encoding for nitrate/nitrite response regulators and transporter proteins. This indicates the need to delineate functional bacterioplankton community structures to better understand their role in influencing rates and fluxes of nitrogen within mangroves.
Influence of water absorption on the mechanical behavior of CFRPs manufactured by RTM at room temperature
Authors: Kim Eunjung , Jung Doyun , Yu Woong-Ryeol , Na Wonjin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Deterioration of the physical properties of fiber-reinforced composites is inevitable under a high temperature and humidity environment. The resin transfer molding (RTM) process for large composite parts is often accompanied by micropore formation, making the composite more sensitive to water absorption. In this study, carbon fiber-reinforced composite specimens were manufactured using the RTM process at room temperature, and their water absorption and mechanical properties were investigated. The water absorption was saturated after about 40 d, and the absorption ratio was higher at 75 °C than at 50 °C. The tensile strength of water-soaked specimens was decreased by 15%, exhibiting interlaminar delamination. However, plasticization of the cured epoxy resin by water increased interlaminar fracture toughness. These results indicate that water absorption accelerated interlaminar cracking initiated by micropore and interfacial failure in toughened resin, especially under low-temperature curing condition.
Fictions of Capture: William Faulkner in an Era of Fugitive Energy
Authors: Watson Jay 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis essay examines a decade-long period of William Faulkner’s career (1938–1948) for its insights into the energy unconscious of the modern US South. This period commenced when Faulkner became an ersatz oil speculator on a 320-acre parcel of land he had acquired in Lafayette County, Mississippi. Simply envisioning his new property, which he named Greenfield Farm, as oil-bearing land would have introduced the author to key imaginative and representational problems associated with petroleum extraction, centering on oil’s geological, economic, and legal elusiveness. Faulkner’s oil fictions, however, rarely deal directly with petroleum, instead engaging oil obliquely, through other charismatic subsoil mineral resources like gold and silver and other energy stocks like horses and, more troublingly, enslaved human beings. “Living oil” (in Stephanie LeMenager’s sense) with particular intensity between 1938 and 1948—as author, as partner to prospectors—Faulkner made a distinctive contribution to US petrofiction by mapping an oil imaginary back onto commodity, energy, and racial regimes from his region’s past. That historical focus enabled the author to develop two conceits with particular resonance for his speculative venture at Greenfield Farm and for the US extractive imagination generally: the notion of the fugitive resource and of the challenges attending its capture.Greenfield Farm was an imaginative palimpsest of African American fugitivity and petroleum fugacity . . . where the work of muscle energy and the promise of fossil energy . . . compounded each other’s value along the margin of the soil.
JIND: joint integration and discrimination for automated single-cell annotation
Authors: Goyal Mohit , Serrano Guillermo , Argemi Josepmaria , Shomorony Ilan , Hernaez Mikel , Ochoa Idoia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMotivationAn important step in the transcriptomic analysis of individual cells involves manually determining the cellular identities. To ease this labor-intensive annotation of cell-types, there has been a growing interest in automated cell annotation, which can be achieved by training classification algorithms on previously annotated datasets. Existing pipelines employ dataset integration methods to remove potential batch effects between source (annotated) and target (unannotated) datasets. However, the integration and classification steps are usually independent of each other and performed by different tools. We propose JIND (joint integration and discrimination for automated single-cell annotation), a neural-network-based framework for automated cell-type identification that performs integration in a space suitably chosen to facilitate cell classification. To account for batch effects, JIND performs a novel asymmetric alignment in which unseen cells are mapped onto the previously learned latent space, avoiding the need of retraining the classification model for new datasets. JIND also learns cell-type-specific confidence thresholds to identify cells that cannot be reliably classified.ResultsWe show on several batched datasets that the joint approach to integration and classification of JIND outperforms in accuracy existing pipelines, and a smaller fraction of cells is rejected as unlabeled as a result of the cell-specific confidence thresholds. Moreover, we investigate cells misclassified by JIND and provide evidence suggesting that they could be due to outliers in the annotated datasets or errors in the original approach used for annotation of the target batch.Availability and implementationImplementation for JIND is available at https://github.com/mohit1997/JIND and the data underlying this article can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6246322.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Aftercarbonaria: melanic moth frequencies in the Rothamsted Insect Survey
Authors: Cook Laurence M , Shortall Chris R 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMelanic frequencies in three species of moths during the 21st century are examined using data collected by the Rothamsted Insect Survey for the purpose of monitoring insect distribution and abundance. The classical industrial melanic morph carbonaria in the moth Biston betularia (L.) is no longer present in the samples. Melanic forms in two other species, Odontoptera bidentata (Clerck) and Apocheima pilosaria (Denis & Schifferműller), and the insularia form of B. betularia, all sometimes referred to as industrial melanics, continue to be found and are widely distributed in Britain. Views on why that should be so are discussed.
Symptoms reported by Canadians posted in Havana are linked with reduced white matter fibre density
Authors: Aristi Guillermo , Kamintsky Lyna , Ross Margaux , Bowen Chris , Calkin Cynthia , Friedman Alon , Hashmi Javeria A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Diplomats representing the USA have reported with unusual neurologic symptoms and MRI changes after being posted in Havana, Cuba between late 2016 and 2018. Here, we examined white matter microstructure and network connectivity of individuals stationed in Havana, using diffusion-weighted MRI, fixel-based analysis and structural connectomics as implemented in MRtrix3. MRI data acquisition and clinical assessments were done in a total of 24 diplomats and their family members and 40 healthy controls. The diplomat data were grouped into an exposed cohort (n = 16) and an unexposed cohort (n = 10), and among these, two individuals were assessed before and after potential exposure. Fixel-based analysis revealed a reduction in fibre density in two specific regions: the fornix and the splenium, in exposed individuals, relative to unexposed individuals and healthy controls. Post hoc analyses showed the effect remained present (P &lt; 0.05) in both regions when comparing exposed and unexposed diplomats; and reduced fibre density was correlated with longer time period stationed in Cuba after age correction. Reduction of fibre density was also found to be linked with clinical symptoms of persistent migraine, tinnitus, sound sensitivity and fatigue. Network statistical comparisons revealed decreased structural connectivity in two distinct networks, comprising subcortical and cortical systems in exposed individuals, relative to unexposed and normative data. While the cause for the differences between the groups remains unknown, our results reveal region-specific white matter injury, that is, significantly correlated with clinical symptoms.
Profile of circulating extracellular vesicles microRNA correlates with the disease activity in granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Surmiak Marcin , Wawrzycka-Adamczyk Katarzyna , Kosałka-Węgiel Joanna , Polański Stanisław , Sanak Marek 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a chronic systemic inflammation of small vessels characterized by circulating anti-proteinase 3 antibodies. MicroRNAs are short transcripts specifically inhibiting protein translation. Neutrophils can release extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this study, we characterized profile of microRNA trafficked by EVs in GPA. Fifty patients with GPA were enrolled in the study, 25 at acute phase and 25 in remission. EVs were isolated from the blood serum, characterized by their number, size distribution. Following unbiased screening for microRNA expression, differentially expressed candidates were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Circulating DNA-myeloperoxidase complexes and apoptosis-related transcripts in peripheral blood neutrophils were quantified. We identified four differentially expressed microRNAs from EVs in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). MirRs-223-3p, 664a-3p, and 200b-3p were overexpressed and miR-769-5p suppressed in the disease. A distinction between GPA and healthy controls was the best for miR-223-3p, whereas miR-664a-3p discriminated between active vs. remission of GPA. Correct classification of the disease based on multivariate discriminant analysis was between 92% for acute phase and 85% for all study participants. Bioinformatics tools identified genes transcripts potentially targeted by the microRNAs belonging to pathways of focal adhesion, mTOR signaling and neutrophil extracellular traps formation. Two microRNAs positively correlating with the disease activity were involved in neutrophil extracellular traps formation and apoptosis inhibition. A comprehensive characteristics of microRNAs trafficked in bloodstream inside EVs correlates well with our understanding of the mechanisms of GPA and suggests the importance of EVs in progression of the disease.
Left atrial dissection associated with disruption of mitral annular calcification: a case report
Authors: Isonaga Yuhei , Yamaguchi Tetsuo , Ohta Mitsuhiko , Kodama Takahide 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Left atrial dissection is an uncommon entity associated with cardiac surgery, catheter interventional procedures, or cardiac trauma. Spontaneous cases have also been reported. The entry of left atrial dissection often occurs in the posterior annulus of the mitral valve, which is also a favourable site for mitral annular calcification (MAC). We herein report a rare case of spontaneous left atrial dissection caused by a disruption of MAC.

Case summary
An 84-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for chest discomfort. Transthoracic echocardiography showed severe calcification of the posterior mitral annulus and a heterogeneous mass in the posterior wall of the left atrium adjacent to MAC. Transoesophageal echocardiography showed blood flow through MAC from the left ventricle into the mass. Cardiac computed tomography showed the disruption of MAC, which was the entry for left atrial dissection and haematoma. The conservative approach was continued, as the haemodynamic state was stable and because of her frailty and many complications. No further events occurred during 6 months follow-up, although the false cavity did not regress.

Discussion
The diagnosis of an intracardiac mass can be challenging. In our case, a detailed anatomical evaluation with multiple imaging modalities allowed us to understand the disease and manage it appropriately.
Association between left atrial epicardial fat, left atrial volume, and the severity of atrial fibrillation
Authors: van Rosendael Alexander R , Smit Jeff M , El’Mahdiui Mohammed , van Rosendael Philippe J , Leung Melissa , Delgado Victoria , Bax Jeroen J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
Left atrial (LA) volume and LA epicardial fat are both substrates for atrial fibrillation (AF), but may relate with AF at different (early vs. late) stages in the AF disease process. We evaluated associations between LA epicardial fat and LA volume in patients with sinus rhythm (SR), paroxysmal AF (PAF), and persistent/permanent AF.

Methods and results
In total, 300 patients (100 with SR, 100 with PAF, and 100 with persistent/permanent AF) who underwent cardiac computed tomography angiography (CTA) were included. The epicardial fat mass posterior to the LA and the LA volume were quantified from CTA and compared between patients with SR, PAF, and persistent/permanent AF. Furthermore, four groups were created by classifying LA epicardial fat and LA volume into large or small according to their median. The mean age of the population was 58.9 ± 10.5 years and 69.7% was male. Left atrial epicardial fat mass was larger in patients with PAF compared with SR, but did not further increase from PAF to persistent/permanent AF. Left atrial volume increased significantly from SR to PAF and to persistent/permanent AF. Left atrial epicardial fat and LA volume were both concordantly large or small in 184 (61%) patients, and discordant in 116 (39%). When both were small, 65.2% of the patients had SR, 23.9% PAF, and 10.9% persistent/permanent AF. When the LA epicardial fat mass was large and the LA volume small (compared with both being small), patients were significantly more often in PAF (55.2 vs. 23.9, P &lt; 0.05), less frequently in SR (32.8% vs. 65.2%, P &lt; 0.05) but showed comparable rates of persistent/permanent AF (12.0% vs. 10.9%, P &lt; 0.05). When the LA volume was large, most patients had persistent/permanent AF.

Conclusion
Left atrial epicardial fat mass was larger in PAF vs. SR, possibly indicating a marker of early disease, while large LA volumes were associated with a high prevalence of persistent/permanent AF. Elevated LA epicardial fat mass without large LA volume may reflect the early AF disease process.
Understanding the microbial biogeography of ancient human dentitions to guide study design and interpretation
Authors: Fagernäs Zandra , Salazar-García Domingo C , Haber Uriarte María , Avilés Fernández Azucena , Henry Amanda G , Lomba Maurandi Joaquín , Ozga Andrew T , Velsko Irina M , Warinner Christina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The oral cavity is a heterogeneous environment, varying in factors such as pH, oxygen levels, and salivary flow. These factors affect the microbial community composition and distribution of species in dental plaque, but it is not known how well these patterns are reflected in archaeological dental calculus. In most archaeological studies, a single sample of dental calculus is studied per individual and is assumed to represent the entire oral cavity. However, it is not known if this sampling strategy introduces biases into studies of the ancient oral microbiome. Here, we present the results of a shotgun metagenomic study of a dense sampling of dental calculus from four Chalcolithic individuals from the southeast Iberian peninsula (ca. 4500–5000 BP). Interindividual differences in microbial composition are found to be much larger than intraindividual differences, indicating that a single sample can indeed represent an individual in most cases. However, there are minor spatial patterns in species distribution within the oral cavity that should be taken into account when designing a study or interpreting results. Finally, we show that plant DNA identified in the samples is likely of postmortem origin, demonstrating the importance of including environmental controls or additional lines of biomolecular evidence in dietary interpretations.
Connection between the cross correlation and the Green's function: strain and rotation of surface waves
Authors: Nakahara Hisashi , Haney Matthew M 
Published: March 2022

SUMMARY
Recent developments of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) techniques and rotational seismometers enable us to record strain and rotational seismograms. This prompts us to adapt the methods used for traditional translational seismograms to strain and rotational seismograms. Recently, we extended the formulation of the spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) method to strain, rotation and tilt records. According to seismic interferometry for translation seismograms, cross correlations have clear connections to Green's functions under the isotropy and equipartition of noise wavefields. In this study, we clarify similar connections for strain and rotation seismograms. Because we extend the formulation in the frequency domain, we actually study the connection between the cross-spectral matrix of strain and rotation at two receivers and the Green's tensor. First, we provide a proof under a general framework by simply extending the proof for translation to that for strain and rotation. The proof shows the following results: (1) The cross-spectral matrix of (i, j)-component strains at two receivers is found to be proportional to the strain Green's tensor at one receiver for the sum of (i, j)- and (j, i)-components of the moment tensor source at the other receiver. (2) The cross-spectral matrix of (i, j)-component rotations at two receivers is found to be proportional to the rotation Green's tensor at one receiver for the difference of (i, j)- and (j, i)-components of the moment tensor source at the other receiver. Necessary assumptions for the proof are the isotropy and equipartition of the wavefield. We then check this proof with specific calculations for surface waves observed on the free surface. The proof is confirmed for the isotropic incidence of random-phase surface waves with a specific ratio between Rayleigh and Love wave energies. Seismic interferometry for strain and rotation was already studied. However, the connection of cross correlations to the Green's function for strain and rotation seismograms is discovered by this study for the first time. A specific proof for body waves that is assured by the general proof will be our next study.