bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microscopic fringe projection profilometry systems in Scheimpflug condition and performance comparison
Authors: Hu Yan , Zheng Kaijie , Liang Zhongwei , Feng Shijie , Zuo Chao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The high-frequency fringe images provided by magnifying lenses with low distortion render the microscopic fringe projection profilometry (MFPP) with better measurement accuracy. In order to extend the depth of field limited in the microscopic environment, the Scheimpflug principle is commonly used in both single-camera-based and multi-camera-based MFPP systems by increasing the mutual overlap range of different views in the object space. In this paper, to compare the performance of single-camera-based and dual-camera-based MFPP systems, we set up MFPP systems and performed 3D measurements of plates, standard balls, and some specifically designed samples. By analyzing the various factors affecting measurement accuracy and integrity, we verified and concluded that the dual-camera-based system wins in measurement accuracy while the single-camera-based system has better integrity, which may provide a reference for the system design in the implementation of industrial applications.
A numerical approach to characterize the compression and relaxation behavior of uncured prepreg laminates in the process of hot press-forming
Authors: Li Zhefu , Liu Weiping , Sun Baozhong , Yue Guangquan , Tan Yuan , Zhang Jian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the pre-forming process of uncured prepreg laminates with hot press, the compaction stress is an important parameter that affects the performance and quality of the final product. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the compaction response of the prepreg during manufacturing processes. In this study, the compression and relaxation viscoelastic behaviors of uncured prepreg laminates were investigated in different temperatures, displacements, velocities, and thicknesses. The results show that the power law model and the fractional viscoelastic model could accurately describe the compression and relaxation behaviors, respectively. The theoretical fitting curves match very well with experimental data at each condition and the R-squared value is greater than 0.95. The effect mechanism of compression and relaxation viscoelastic behaviors is analyzed and the obtained results could provide a reference for the process of hot press-forming and numerical simulation.
Kinetochore size scales with chromosome size in bimodal karyotypes of Agavoideae
Authors: Plačková Klára , Zedek František , Schubert Veit , Houben Andreas , Bureš Petr 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
In eukaryotes, the total kinetochore size (defined as a chromosomal region containing CENH3-positive nucleosomes) per nucleus strongly correlates with genome size, a relationship that has been hypothesized to stem from general intracellular scaling principles. However, if larger chromosomes within a karyotype required larger kinetochores to move properly, it could also be derived from the mechanics of cell division.

Methods
We selected seven species of the plant subfamily Agavoideae whose karyotypes are characterized by the presence of small and very large chromosomes. We visualized the kinetochore regions and chromosomes by immunolabelling with an anti-CENH3 antibody and DAPI (6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining. We then employed 2D widefield and 3D super-resolution microscopy to measure chromosome and kinetochore areas and volumes, respectively. To assess the scaling relationship of kinetochore size to chromosome size inside a karyotype, we log-transformed the data and analysed them with linear mixed models which allowed us to control for the inherent hierarchical structure of the dataset (metaphases within slides and species).

Key Results
We found a positive intra-karyotype relationship between kinetochore and chromosome size. The slope of the regression line of the observed relationship (0.277 for areas, 0.247 for volumes) was very close to the theoretical slope of 0.25 for chromosome width based on the expected physics of chromosome passage through the cytoplasm during cell division. We obtained similar results by reanalysing available data from human and maize.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the total kinetochore size to genome size scaling observed across eukaryotes may also originate from the mechanics of cell division. Moreover, the potential causal link between kinetochore and chromosome size indicates that evolutionary mechanisms capable of leading kinetochore size changes to fixation, such as centromere drive, could promote the size evolution of entire chromosomes and genomes.
Splenectomy modulates the immune response but does not prevent joint inflammation in a mouse model of RA
Authors: Khanfar Esam , Olasz Katalin , Gajdócsi Erzsébet , Jia Xinkai , Berki Timea , Balogh Péter , Boldizsár Ferenc 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe spleen is the largest secondary lymphoid organ which is involved in the development of B cells and also in systemic (auto)immune responses. Using the recombinant human G1 domain-induced arthritis (GIA) model in splenectomized and control BALB/c mice, we investigated the role of the spleen in the induction and pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis. Splenectomized mice developed GIA with a similar clinical picture to the control group. However, we observed significant alterations in the humoral and cellular immune responses in splenectomized mice. In the sera of the splenectomized mice, we found lower pro-inflammatory cytokine and anti-rhG1 IgM levels, but higher IL-4, anti-rhG1 IgG1 and anti-CCP and RF antibodies. The arthritis induction in the splenectomized group was associated with a significant expansion of activated helper T cells and an increase in the proportion of the circulating B1 and marginal zone B cell subsets. Importantly, immunization of the splenectomized mice with rhG1 induced the formation of germinal centers in the inguinal- and mesenteric lymph nodes (i/mLNs) which showed an active immune response to rhG1. Finally, both B and T cells from the mLNs of the splenectomized mice showed decreased intracellular Ca2+ signaling than those of the control group. Collectively, these findings indicate that the presence of the spleen is not critical for the induction of GIA, and in its absence the autoimmune arthritis is most likely promoted through the compensatory activity of the i/mLNs. However, our data implies the immunological role of the spleen in arthritis which could be further assessed in human RA.
Associated factors and short-term mortality of early versus late acute kidney injury following on-pump cardiac surgery
Authors: Li Shengnan , Liu Ming , Liu Xiang , Yang Dong , Dong Nianguo , Li Fei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common following cardiac surgery. The aim was to investigate the characteristics of AKI that occurred within 48 h and during 48 h to 7 days after cardiac surgery.

METHODS
Patient data were extracted from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III database. AKI was defined according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guideline and divided into early (within 48 h) and late (during 48 h to 7 days) AKI. Multivariable logistic regression models were established to investigate risk factors for AKI. Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyse 90-day survival.

RESULTS
AKI occurred in 51.2% (2741/5356) patients within the first 7 days following cardiac surgery, with the peak occurrence at 36–48 h. The incidence of early and late AKI was 41.9% and 9.2%, respectively. Patients with late AKI were older and had more comorbidities compared to early AKI patients. Risk factors associated with early AKI included age, body mass index, congestive heart failure and diabetes. While late AKI was related to atrial fibrillation, estimated glomerular filtration rate, sepsis, norepinephrine, mechanical ventilation and packed red blood cell transfusion. In Cox proportional model, both late and early AKIs were independently associated with 90-day mortality, and patients with early AKI had better survival than those with late AKI.

CONCLUSIONS
AKI that occurred earlier was distinguishable from AKI that occurred later after cardiac surgery. Time frame should be taken into consideration.
Effect of preservation solution and distension pressure on saphenous vein’s endothelium
Authors: Pimentel Matheus Duarte , Lobo Filho José Glauco , Lobo Filho Heraldo Guedis , de Castro Miguel Emílio , Pinheiro Paiva Sergimar Kennedy , Silva Matos João Igor , Mesquita Fernandes Matheus Augusto , Fechine Jamacaru Francisco Vagnaldo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Approaches to improve saphenous vein (SV) patency in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery remain relevant. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different preservation solutions and different pressures of intraluminal distention on the endothelium of SV segments in CABG.

METHODS
Forty-two SV segments obtained from 12 patients undergoing CABG were divided into 7 groups. Group 1 (control) was prepared without preservation or intraluminal distension, while the other 6 groups were preserved in autologous heparinized autologous arterial blood or normal saline (NS), with distention pressures 30, 100 and 300 mmHg. To assess the effects of using these solutions and pressures on the endothelium, the grafts were analysed by scanning electron microscopy, with the measurement of endothelial damage degree.

RESULTS
Segments in group 1 showed minimal endothelial damage. SV grafts preserved with NS had significantly greater endothelial damage both compared to the control group and compared to groups preserved with autologous arterial blood (P &lt; 0.001). Segments distended with pressures up to 100 mmHg showed less damage when compared to those distended at 300 mmHg, with the ones subjected to higher pressures presenting a maximum degree of damage, with considerable loss and separation of endothelial cells, extensive foci of exposure of the basement membrane and numerous fractures of the intimate layer, without differences regarding the solution used.

CONCLUSIONS
Preparation of SV using NS and with intraluminal distension pressures above 100 mmHg is factors related to increased damage to the venous endothelium.
One Full or Two Fractional Doses of Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine for Catch-up Vaccination in Older Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial in Bangladesh
Authors: Aziz Asma B , Verma Harish , Jeyaseelan Visalakshi , Yunus Mohammad , Nowrin Samarea , Moore Deborah D , Mainou Bernardo A , Mach Ondrej , Sutter Roland W , Zaman Khalequ 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
The polio eradication endgame called for the removal of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and introduction of bivalent (types 1 and 3) OPV and inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). However, supply shortages have delayed IPV administration to tens of millions of infants, and immunogenicity data are currently lacking to guide catch-up vaccination policies.

Methods
We conducted an open-label randomized clinical trial assessing 2 interventions, full or fractional-dose IPV (fIPV, one-fifth of IPV), administered at age 9–13 months with a second dose given 2 months later. Serum was collected at days 0, 60, 67, and 90 to assess seroconversion, priming, and antibody titer. None received IPV or poliovirus type 2-containing vaccines before enrolment.

Results
A single fIPV dose at age 9–13 months yielded 75% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6%–82%) seroconversion against type 2, whereas 2 fIPV doses resulted in 100% seroconversion compared with 94% (95% CI, 89%–97%) after a single full dose (P &lt; .001). Two doses of IPV resulted in 100% seroconversion.

Conclusions
Our study confirmed increased IPV immunogenicity when administered at an older age, likely due to reduced interference from maternally derived antibodies. Either 1 full dose of IPV or 2 doses of fIPV could be used to vaccinate missed cohorts, 2 fIPV doses being antigen sparing and more immunogenic.

Clinical Trial Registration
NCT03890497.
Inductive Stimuli of the Startle Response and Critical Points of Psychological Treatment in a Severe Burn Patient
Authors: Zhang Yan , Luo Lun , Li Pan , Chen Zi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSevere burn patients often have anxiety, depression, and stress-related disorders. The case we reported was very nervous and exhibited a long-term high-frequency startle response, which disrupted his sleep seriously and decreased treatment compliance. However, after psychological treatment, his startle response in the daytime and nervousness gradually improved, but the startle response at night remained unchanged. Furthermore, after his wife was given three sessions of psychological treatment to manage her fear of surgery, the startle response at night was significantly reduced. Herein, we summarize the inductive stimuli of the startle response and the critical points of psychological treatment in this case to provide the clinical experience for future research.
Impact of HIV on Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Rates in the United States, 2001-2015
Authors: Zhang Elizabeth R , Pfeiffer Ruth M , Austin April , Clarke Megan A , Hayes Jennifer , Horner Marie-Josèphe , Monterosso Analise , Pawlish Karen S , Engels Eric A , Shiels Meredith S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has increased in the United States. People living with HIV (PLWH) have an elevated risk of anal SCC, and changes in the number of anal SCCs among PLWH may have influenced general population trends.

Methods
Data were obtained from a linkage of HIV and cancer registries in 12 US regions. The proportion of anal SCCs occurring among PLWH was estimated by sex, age group, and race and ethnicity. To assess the impact of anal SCCs among PLWH on general population trends, annual percent changes (APCs) in incidence rates including and excluding anal SCCs among PLWH were estimated.

Results
Between 2001 and 2015, 14.5% of 16 110 anal SCC diagnoses occurred in PLWH. In 2013-2015, 35% of anal SCCs among men occurred in PLWH, but only 2% among women. The proportion of anal SCCs among PLWH was highest among 20- to 49-year-olds and Black and Hispanic individuals. General population anal SCC trends among men were strongly influenced by anal SCCs among PLWH: rates increased 4.6%/y (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4% to 8.0%) from 2001 to 2009 followed by a statistically non-significant decline (APC = −2.7%/y, 95% CI = −7.1% to 2.0%) from 2009 to 2015, but without anal SCCs among PLWH, rates were stable (APC = 0.7%/y, 95% CI = −0.8% to 2.3%). Anal SCC rates among women increased 3.8%/y (95% CI = 3.2% to 4.4%) during 2001-2012 and then declined statistically non-significantly (APC = −3.8%/y, 95% CI = −6.9% to −0.6%), and anal SCCs among PLWH had little impact on these trends.

Conclusions
During 2001-2015, anal SCCs among PLWH contributed strongly to changes in incidence trends in the general US population among men, but not women.
Facing Agoraphobia Situations
Authors: Craske Michelle G. , Barlow David H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter reviews the process of conducting in vivo exposure practices to guide clients in facing agoraphobia situations. Essential throughout all aspects of in vivo exposure is for the therapist to be directive and confident and to encourage clients to continue despite high levels of anxiety. The goal of exposure therapy is not immediate reduction in fear and anxiety; rather, the goal is for the client to learn something new as a result of exposure. If the client’s greatest worry is that fear and anxiety will remain elevated for the entire duration of the practice, then the corrective learning is about the client’s toleration of sustained anxiety. In general, the principle emphasized throughout the treatment is that exposure and cognitive restructuring serve to develop a new set of nonfearful associations between stimulus, response, and meaning. The chapter then considers the inhibitory model of exposure therapy.
Medications
Authors: Craske Michelle G. , Barlow David H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses medications for anxiety and panic. In the workbook, medication is not described as a more or less effective form of treatment in comparison to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) but as a more or less appropriate treatment dependent on different beliefs and life circumstances. Medications are described, so that clients may understand their effectiveness and side effects, as well as issues in discontinuing medications. The chapter then details a program to help wean clients from medication as part of an ongoing treatment regimen. In this program, withdrawal effects from medication, particularly benzodiazepines, are managed using the skills taught in the workbook. However, the issue of combining medications with CBT of the sort outlined in this guide and the corresponding workbook is complicated. There is some evidence that benzodiazepines do not combine well with CBT, and there is some evidence that, overall, the combination of medications with CBT is less efficacious in the long term than CBT alone.
Establishing Your Hierarchy of Agoraphobia Situations
Authors: Barlow David H. , Craske Michelle G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter evaluates the process of establishing a hierarchy of agoraphobia situations. Too much anxiety leads to too much avoidance, and avoidance prevents corrective learning. Thus, approaching rather than avoiding situations or experiences is critical to overcoming fear and anxiety. But first, it is necessary to identify the specific situations that one avoids and develop skills to help one to approach those situations. The list should include mildly anxiety-provoking as well as very anxiety-provoking situations. These will be the situations that one will face over and over again in this treatment program. It is also important to identify one’s own unhelpful ways of coping, and to develop lists of superstitious objects, safety signals, distractions, and safety behaviors.
Accomplishments, Maintenance, and Relapse Prevention
Authors: Barlow David H. , Craske Michelle G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter highlights the process of evaluating one’s progress, maintaining progress, and relapse prevention. One can use the Your Practice Plan form to list all of the things to be practiced over the next few weeks in terms of breathing skills, thinking skills, facing agoraphobia situations, and facing symptoms. The chapter then looks at several ways to maintain the progress that one has made so far. It is helpful to anticipate the kinds of stressful events one may experience ahead of time and to prepare for them in a matter-of-fact way. A panic attack or resurgence of anxiety does not mean that one is getting worse or that one has lost all of the progress that one has gained. The most important thing to do when one has a flare-up of anxious symptoms is to repeat everything one has already done.
Facing Fear Out There
Authors: Craske Michelle G. , Barlow David H. , Woodard Lauren S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the process of continuing to face one’s fear of physical symptoms, and learning to face fear of activities that produce physical symptoms as well as feared agoraphobia situations. Avoidance (both direct and indirect) is to be prevented. Usually, avoidance happens because of the continued mistaken belief that the symptoms are harmful. It is thus important to remember that the symptoms are not harmful. As with the symptom exercises, the use of medication has to be considered, particularly medications that either block all of one’s feelings or that one relies on to reduce one’s fear at the moment. In the end, it will be essential for one to face the symptoms and the anxiety directly, even at very intense levels, or when alone, or at times when already feeling anxious, or without the influence of benzodiazepines, because these are the conditions in which symptoms happen in normal day-to-day life, now or in the future.
Identification of four compounds from the Pharmakon library with antifungal activity against Candida auris and species of Cryptococcus
Authors: de Oliveira Haroldo C , Castelli Rafael F , Alves Lysangela R , Nosanchuk Joshua D , Salama Ehab A , Seleem Mohamed , Rodrigues Marcio L 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

There is an urgent need to develop novel antifungals. In this study, we screened 1600 compounds for antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida auris. We evaluated 4 promising compounds against 24 additional isolates of Cr. neoformans, Ca. auris, Cr. deuterogattii, and Cr. gattii. The four compounds, dequalinium chloride (DQC), bleomycin sulfate (BMS), pentamidine isethionate salt (PIS), and clioquinol (CLQ), varied in their efficacy against these pathogens but were generally more effective against cryptococci. The compounds exerted their antifungal effect via multiple mechanisms, including interference with the capsule of cryptococci and induction of hyphal-like morphology in Ca. auris. Our results indicate that DQC, BMS, PIS, and CLQ represent potential prototypes for the future development of antifungals.

Lay Summary
Fungal infections can be lethal and the options to fight them are scarce. We tested 1600 molecules for their ability to control the growth of two important fungal pathogens, namely Candida auris and species of Cryptococcus. Four of these compounds showed promising antifungal activities.
Fundamental effective temperature measurements for eclipsing binary stars – III. SPIRou near-infrared spectroscopy and CHEOPS photometry of the benchmark G0V star EBLM J0113+31
Authors: Maxted P F L , Miller N J , Hoyer S , Adibekyan V , Sousa S G , Billot N , Fortier A , Simon A E , Cameron A Collier , Swayne M I , Gutermann P , Triaud A H M J , Southworth J , Alibert Y , Alonso R , Anglada G , BÃ¡rczy T , Navascues D Barrado y , Barros S C C , Baumjohann W , Beck M , Beck T , Benz W , Bonfils X , Brandeker A , Broeg C , Buder M , Cabrera J , Charnoz S , van Damme C Corral , Csizmadia Sz , Davies M B , Deleuil M , Delrez L , Demangeon O , Demory B-O , Ehrenreich D , Erikson A , Fossati L , Fridlund M , Gandolfi D , Gillon M , GÃ¼del M , Heng K , Leon J E HernÃ¡ndez , Isaak K G , Kiss L L , Laskar J , Etangs A Lecavelier des , Lendl M , Lovis C , Magrin D , Munari M , Nascimbeni V , Olofsson G , Ottensamer R , Pagano I , PallÃ© E , Peter G , Piotto G , Pollacco D , Queloz D , Ragazzoni R , Rando N , Rauer H , Ribas I , Santos N C , Scandariato G , SÃ©gransan D , Smith A M S , Steinberger M , Steller M , SzabÃ³ Gy M , Thomas N , Udry S , Van Grootel V , Walton N 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
EBLM J0113+31 is moderately bright (V=10.1), metal-poor ([Fe/H] ≈−0.3) G0V star with a much fainter M dwarf companion on a wide, eccentric orbit (=14.3 d). We have used near-infrared spectroscopy obtained with the SPIRou spectrograph to measure the semi-amplitude of the M dwarf’s spectroscopic orbit, and high-precision photometry of the eclipse and transit from the CHEOPS and TESS space missions to measure the geometry of this binary system. From the combined analysis of these data together with previously published observations we obtain the following model-independent masses and radii: M1 = 1.029 ± 0.025M⊙, M2 = 0.197 ± 0.003M⊙, R1 = 1.417 ± 0.014R⊙, R2 = 0.215 ± 0.002R⊙. Using R1 and the parallax from Gaia EDR3 we find that this star’s angular diameter is θ = 0.0745 ± 0.0007 mas. The apparent bolometric flux of the G0V star corrected for both extinction and the contribution from the M dwarf (&lt;0.2 per cent) is ${\mathcal {F}}_{\oplus ,0} = (2.62\pm 0.05)\times 10^{-9}$ erg cm−2 s−1. Hence, this G0V star has an effective temperature Teff, 1 = 6124 K ± 40 K (rnd.) ± 10 K (sys.). EBLM J0113+31 is an ideal benchmark star that can be used for “end-to-end” tests of the stellar parameters measured by large-scale spectroscopic surveys, or stellar parameters derived from asteroseismology with PLATO. The techniques developed here can be applied to many other eclipsing binaries in order to create a network of such benchmark stars.