bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food insecurity, poor dietary intake and a lack of free meal uptake amongst 16–17‐year‐old college students in the northeast of England, UK
Authors: Graham Pamela Louise , Haskell‐Ramsay Crystal , Fothergill Melissa , Young Julie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFood insecurity in the UK has been described as a public health emergency. Although programmes exist to alleviate food insecurity for children and families, there is a lack of focus on 16–17 year olds across research, policy and practice. The current study set out to address this gap by investigating the food insecurity status and food intake of 16‐17‐year‐olds relative to current nutritional guidelines. An online, cross‐sectional survey design was utilised to collect data on self‐reported food security status, food intake and access to and uptake of free college meals. Eighty‐three students aged 16–17 years from two sixth form colleges based in the North East of England, UK participated. Food intake data were compared to current dietary recommendations on fruit and vegetable intake and high fat/salt/sugar foods; food intake was compared between food secure and food insecure young people. A minority of young people consumed enough fruit and vegetables to meet or exceed current 5‐a‐day dietary recommendations, but the majority of young people consumed two or more high fat/salt/sugar items, consumption of which was higher in food insecure young people. Additionally, despite almost half the current sample identifying as food insecure, only four young people reported being entitled to free college meals.The current study was the first to identify food insecurity and poor food intake specifically amongst 16–17 year olds in England. A lack of uptake of free college meals shows that current policy is not sufficient to address food insecurity amongst this group
Capitalism, Subsistence Farming, and the (New) Peasantries from the Perspective of the French Neorural Movement
Authors: Snikersproge Ieva 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo problematize the idea of peasant autonomy in old capitalist societies, this paper will explore the evolution of two phenomena in present‐day France: peasantry, commonly understood as relatively autonomous small family farms that rely on subsistence farming, and the neorural movement, that is, urban‐to‐rural migration that has a counter‐cultural connotation. While peasantry is believed to be disappearing, the neorural movement is charged with “deradicalization” because it distances itself from subsistence farming. The juxtaposition of both phenomena shows that capitalism has transformed the countryside, making it difficult to live from agriculture. In old capitalist countries, peasant autonomy is no longer about subsistence farming but about achieving an economic equilibrium that increases autonomy from market pressures created by high input prices and low output values.
Sex steroids and sex steroid‐binding globulin levels amongst middle‐aged and elderly men and women from general population
Authors: Aribas Elif , Roeters van Lennep Jeanine E. , De Rijke Yolanda B. , Laven Joop S. E. , Ikram Mohammad Arfan , Peeters Robin P. , Kavousi Maryam 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsAvailability of age‐ and sex‐specific reference values for sex steroids and sex steroid‐binding globulin (SHBG) levels allows for appropriate interpretation of research findings and their clinical applications. We report the sex‐specific distribution and reference levels of sex steroids, including total estradiol, total testosterone and (calculated) free androgen index (cFAI), SHBG and other androgens dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and androstenedione across age.MethodsUsing data from 3291 participants from the prospective population‐based Rotterdam Study (2006–2008), we visualised the distribution of sex steroids and SHBG levels by calculating and depicting the 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 95th percentiles per year and per age‐year across 5‐year age bands to provide reference value ranges in men and women. Total estradiol and SHBG were measured using automated immunoassay and androgens using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS).ResultMean age was 56.8 (range 45.6–79.9) years in men and 56.9 (range 45.7–79.9) years in women. Amongst men, total estradiol and SHBG showed an increasing trend from 45 years onwards. In women, total estradiol and SHBG showed a decreasing trend from 45 years until the age of 60. From 60 years onwards, SHBG showed an increasing trend. For total testosterone, a clear declining trend was observed amongst men but not women. Other androgens showed a similar decreasing trend in both sexes from 45 years onwards.Discussion and ConclusionOur study underlines sex‐specific trends in sex steroids and SHBG levels with ageing. This warrants taking into account sex‐ and age‐specific reference values for sex steroids and SHBG when investigating their impact on health outcomes to prevent controversial results and allow for their appropriate clinical application.
Effectiveness of an educational cartoon animation on the knowledge of children about traumatic dental injuries
Authors: Özveren Neslihan , Yıldırım Sinem 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground/AimAlthough children are frequently exposed to traumatic dental injuries (TDIs), their knowledge and attitude regarding the emergency management of TDIs are largely insufficient. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge of children about TDIs utilizing a questionnaire before and after watching a custom animated instructional video.Material and MethodsThe study was conducted with 332 children aged 8 to 13 years. The children were asked to complete a 3‐part questionnaire that included socio‐demographic data, past experiences related to TDIs, and knowledge of the emergency management of TDIs. An educational video containing evidence‐based information about the management of TDIs was shown to the children. They then completed the questionnaire again immediately after viewing the video and 1 week later. The data were analyzed using Friedman's two‐way ANOVA by ranks test, McNemar's test, and the Mann–Whitney U‐test.ResultsThe children's scores increased significantly following the viewing of the video (p = .0001). Prior to watching the animation, children who had previously received dental trauma education had considerably higher scores than their peers (p = .004). The animation was considered to be beneficial by 96.7% of the children. Prior to watching the animation, 49.1% of the children believed they could help their friends in the event of dental trauma, and after viewing the animation, this rate increased to 86.4%, but decreased to 77.1% after 1 week (p < .001).ConclusionsAfter watching the video, the children's scores improved dramatically and their self‐confidence in helping their friends in the event of dental trauma increased.
Politicians' complaint response: E‐governance and personal relationships
Authors: O’Brochta William 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhen do politicians respond to individuals' public service complaints? Technological solutions—termed e‐governance—have been shown to help increase responsiveness in some developing nations where they serve to connect individuals, politicians, and bureaucrats for the first time. I argue that in country‐contexts like India, where personal connections to bureaucrats and politicians are common, politicians are less responsive to complaints registered with e‐governance systems than to complaints delivered via personal connections. Using data from public complaints, complaint responses, and field interviews in Delhi, I show that politicians are not responsive when complaints submitted to e‐governance systems increase, but that they are responsive to complaints submitted to them through personal connections. This result suggests that the introduction of an e‐governance system does not necessarily increase government performance. Politicians are incentivized to be more responsive to complaints registered directly with them because those complaints are more likely to generate electoral benefits.
Experimental validation of a computational fluid dynamics model using micro‐particle image velocimetry of the irrigation flow in confluent canals
Authors: Rito Pereira Mário , Silva Goncalo , Semiao Viriato , Silverio Vania , Martins Jorge N. R. , Pascoal‐Faria Paula , Alves Nuno , Dias Juliana R. , Ginjeira António 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to experimentally validate a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, using micro‐particle image velocimetry (micro‐PIV) measurements of the irrigation flow velocity field developed in confluent canals during irrigation with a side‐vented needle.MethodologyA microchip with confluent canals, manufactured in polydimethylsiloxane was used in a micro‐PIV analysis of the irrigation flow using a side‐vented needle placed 3 mm from the end of the confluence of the canals. Velocity fields and profiles were recorded for flow rates of 0.017 and 0.1 ml/s and compared with those predicted in CFD numerical simulations (using a finite volume commercial code – FLUENT) for both laminar and turbulent regimes.ResultsThe overall flow pattern, isovelocity and vector maps as well as velocity profiles showed a close agreement between the micro‐PIV experimental and CFD predicted data. No relevant differences were observed between the results obtained with the laminar and turbulent flow models used.ConclusionsResults showed that the laminar CFD modelling is reliable to predict the flow in similar domains.
Mechanical and thermal properties of δ‐RE4Hf3O12(RE = Yb, Lu)
Authors: Hu Wanpeng , Zhang Guangheng , Lei Yiming , Sun Luchao , Zhang Jie , Wang Jingyang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRare‐earth (RE) hafnates are promising thermal and environmental barrier coating (TEBC) materials for SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composites. In this study, pure‐phase and dense δ‐RE4Hf3O12(RE = Yb, Lu) bulk ceramics have been fabricated via a hot‐pressing method. The crystal structure, microstructure, mechanical, and thermal properties of δ‐RE4Hf3O12were systematically investigated in order to probe their potential application as TEBCs. The high‐temperature elastic moduli of δ‐Yb4Hf3O12and δ‐Lu4Hf3O12are measured to be 185 and 188 GPa at 1673 K, respectively, which are over 85% values of room temperature. The coefficients of thermal expansion are 7.64 × 10−6and 7.46 × 10−6 K−1for δ‐Yb4Hf3O12and δ‐Lu4Hf3O12, respectively. The relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity as well as their excellent high‐temperature stability endow these hafnates as potential TEBC candidates.
Effect of two‐step sintering on microstructure and mechanical properties of ceria‐stabilized zirconia‐toughened alumina‐added titania (CSZTA–TiO2)
Authors: Eggidi Obulapathi , Pandey Ajoy Kumar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEffect of two‐step sintering (TSS) on microstructure and mechanical properties of ceria‐stabilized zirconia‐toughened alumina with added TiO2 (CSZTA–TiO2) was studied. A coprecipitation technique was used to produce the CSZTA–TiO2 powders. The synthesized powders were compacted using a uniaxial hydraulic press and conventionally sintered in air. The phase and microstructure of sintered samples were studied using X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Phases were quantified using the Rietveld refinement method. Different TSS schedules were followed to optimize microstructure and mechanical properties. Mechanical properties of the CSZTA‐4TiO2 composite were evaluated and found as follows: Vickers's hardness of 1650 ± 9.6 HV10, indentation fracture toughness of 8.45 ± .14 MPa √m, compressive strength of 2088 MPa, and Young's modulus of 158 GPa.
The effect of solution‐focussed education and counselling on problematic internet usage, sleep quality and school achievement: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Şermet Kaya Şenay , Seviğ Emine Ümit , Zincir Handan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of solution‐focussed education and counselling on problematic internet usage, sleep quality and school achievement.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial was conducted between January ‐ December 2016 with 44 adolescents who participated in a solution‐focussed intervention to address their problematic internet usage and poor sleep quality. After the intervention, the teens were followed up for 6 months to measure problematic Internet usage, sleep quality and school achievement using the Internet Addiction Test, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, Parent–Child Internet Addiction Scale and the students' end‐of‐term school grades. Data were analysed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences programme using Chi‐square test, Independent t test, Man–Whitney U test, Friedman test and Spearman correlation analysis.ResultsThe median Internet Addiction Test and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index scores of the adolescents in the intervention group were significantly lower than those of the controls (P < 0.05), and there was a positive and moderate association between problematic Internet usage and sleep quality in both groups after the follow‐up (r = 0.537, P = 0.010; r = 0.576 P = 0.005).ConclusionThe education and counselling intervention decreased problematic Internet usage and increased sleep quality. There was also an improvement in school achievement, but the difference was not significant.
Informalization in gig food delivery in the UK: The case of hyper‐flexible and precarious work
Authors: Mendonça Pedro , Kougiannou Nadia K. , Clark Ian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article examines the process of informalization of work in platform food delivery work in the UK. Drawing on qualitative data, this article provides new analytical insight into what drives individual formal couriers to both supply and demand informalized sub‐contracted gig work to undocumented migrants, and how a platform company enables informal work practices through permissive HR practices and technology. In doing so, this article shows how platform companies are enablers of informal labor markets and contribute to the expansion of hyper‐precarious working conditions.
Feasibility and safety of laser balloon pulmonary vein isolation in patients with prior left atrial appendage occlusion device implantation
Authors: Khalil Charl , Vipparthy Sharath C. , Kenigsberg David , Ravi Venkatesh , Lazar Sorin , Doukky Rami , Pietrasik Grzegorz , Wasserlauf Jeremiah , Larsen Timothy , Sharma Parikshit S. , Huang Henry D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionWith the increasing adoption of left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) procedures and the eligibility of patients for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) post device placement, we examined the feasibility and safety of laser balloon (LB) for PVI in patients with prior LAAO.MethodsWe retrospectively examined consecutive patients with paroxysmal or persistent, drug‐resistant atrial fibrillation (AF) who underwent LB PVI, after Watchman FLX device implantation at Rush University Medical Center between January 2020 and December 2021.ResultsSeven patients (four persistent and three paroxysmal) with a mean age of 64 ± 11 years, predominantly male sex (86%), were included in the study. Two (29%) patients had prior cryoablation PVI with recurrence of AF. The mean CHA2DS2 VASc is 2.6 ± 0.5 and the mean HAS‐BLED score is 3.4 ± 0.8. The mean follow‐up duration was 10 ± 7 months. The mean duration between Watchman FLX device implantation and LB PVI was 592 days. Acute first pass left pulmonary vein (PV) isolation was achieved in 100% of the procedures. There were no periprocedural complications such as death, pericardial tamponade or effusion, phrenic nerve injury, PV stenosis, device perforation or embolization, or worsening peri‐device leak in any of the patients. None of the patients had AF recurrence after the blanking period.ConclusionLB PVI was safe and effective with 100% acute isolation of left‐sided veins in patients with prior LAAO device.
Circular RNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells are more stable than linear RNAs upon sample processing delay
Authors: Wen Guoxia , Gu Wanjun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of RNAs with closed loop structure. Blood circRNAs are widely acknowledged to be more stable than linear mRNAs, which show promising prospect to be liquid biopsy biomarkers for clinical applications. However, accumulating studies have demonstrated that sample processing delays have profound effects on blood transcriptome expression profiles, wherein knowledge remains elusive about the impacts of prolonged sample processing on blood expression profiles of circRNAs. We collected whole blood samples from three donors and isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at six different incubation time points. We measured total RNA expression profiles using RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) and investigated the differentially expressed circRNAs, mRNAs and lncRNAs upon blood processing delay. Meanwhile, we explored the underlying inducement of aberrant expression of circRNAs against their corresponding mRNA transcripts. Finally, we utilized rMATS‐turbo and CIRI‐AS, respectively, to screen out differential alternative splicing (AS) events in linear mRNAs and circRNAs. Sample incubation at 4°C lasting to 48 hours (h) led to minimal effects to circRNAs' expression. However, it induced extensive alterations for mRNAs and lncRNAs when the incubation time was beyond 12 h. Additionally, only 2 h processing delays may result in profound impacts on AS events of linear mRNAs, while less impact on the equivalence of circRNAs. Our results suggested that PBMC circRNAs are stable upon sample processing delay, which are more suitable to be liquid biopsy biomarkers.
Factors associated with attitudes toward advance directives in nurses and comparisons of the levels between emergency nurses and palliative care nurses
Authors: Yang Jisun , Kim Hee Jung , Heo Seongkum , An Minjeong , Park SeongHu , Ounpraseuth Songthip , Kim JinShil 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimLittle is known about attitudes toward advance directives and factors associated with them among emergency and palliative care nurses who often or daily face end‐of‐life circumstances. Thus, we aimed to compare the levels of attitudes toward advance directives, communication skills, knowledge about end‐of‐life care (knowledge), and awareness of the concept of a good death (good death awareness) between emergency and palliative care nurses, and to examine factors associated with attitudes toward advance directives in the total sample.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional, correlational study, data were collected from 153 nurses (59 emergency and 94 palliative care nurses) at three tertiary hospitals using online or offline surveys and were analyzed using t‐tests and multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsThe levels of attitudes, communication skills, knowledge, and good death awareness were moderate in both groups. Attitudes in emergency compared to palliative care nurses were less positive (46.78 vs. 48.38; p = .044), and knowledge was significantly lower (13.64 vs. 15.00; p = .004). Communication skills and good death awareness between the two groups were similar. In the total sample, emergency practice (B = –1.59, p = .024), and lower levels of good death awareness (B = 0.30, p < .001), communication skills (B = 0.18, p = .001), and education (B = –2.84, p = .015) were associated with less positive attitudes (F = 9.52, p < .001; R2 = 0.35).ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate the need for improvements in attitudes, knowledge, communication skills, and good death awareness in both groups, especially emergency nurses. Two modifiable targets of interventions to improve nurses' attitudes were also noted.
Microliposuction and radiofrequency combined with the thread technique as a new method used in lower face lifting
Authors: Yin Bo , Zhang Xinyu , Li Facheng , Han Xuefeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundMinimally invasive facial rejuvenation is a popular and well‐established treatment for patients seeking facial lifting.ObjectiveThe authors combined facial microliposuction, radiofrequency, and thread lifting technology as a comprehensive treatment (LRT) for facial rejuvenation in a case series of 57 patients.MethodsA total of 76 patients underwent surgery and 75% completed 6 months of follow‐up (57 patients); the patients were aged 26 to 51 (33.6 ± 4.5) years. All patients were followed up for hematoma within 1 week after the operation and for skin numbness and muscle paralysis at 1 week and 3 months postoperatively. Patient satisfaction with the postoperative aesthetic effects was analyzed by Face‐Q™ at 6 months after the operation.ResultsThe score for hematoma within 1 week was 1.21 ± 0.33, scores for postoperative skin numbness within 1 week and 3 months were 2.06 ± 0.51 and 1.17 ± 0.32, respectively, and scores for postoperative muscle paralysis within 1 week and 3 months were 1.31 ± 0.55 and 1.00 ± 0, respectively. Fifty‐seven patients completed Face‐Q™ (score: 22.1 ± 1.8, standard score: 82.2 ± 14.8).ConclusionLRT is a minimally invasive method that can achieve a synergistic and satisfactory result for patients with mild to moderate facial skin sagging.
Morph‐dependent nematode infection and its association with host movement in the land snail Cepaea nemoralis (Mollusca, Gastropoda)
Authors: Dahirel M. , Proux M. , Gérard C. , Ansart A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHost behaviour can be influenced by parasitic risk and infection through a variety of direct and indirect mechanisms. We can expect individuals expressing different phenotypes to also differ in the ways their behaviour is altered by parasites. We used the land snail Cepaea nemoralis, a species with various shell colour morphs differing in behaviour and physiology, as a model to study the link between parasite response and individual behaviour variation. We analysed metazoan parasite abundance and its relation to behaviour (movement and food intake) in snails from three shell morphs (from light unbanded to darker five‐banded) and from two neighbouring populations from contrasting environments. Snails were parasitized by mites, trematodes, and nematodes, from rarest to most frequent. We confirm that terrestrial gastropods can defend against infection by trapping parasitic nematodes in their shell. We show that nematodes encapsulated in shells can uncover past infections even when a snail population is currently nematode‐free, possibly due to parasite seasonality. We present new observations suggesting that not only nematodes but also mites might be encapsulated in shells. Infection levels varied between morphs, with darker snails harbouring fewer nematodes. Behaviour (movement and food intake) was linked to the nematode, but not trematode infection. Individuals with higher nematode load ate less, irrespective of morph and population. The most‐infected morph (unbanded snails) showed reduced activity in the nematode‐infected population compared to the one that was nematode‐free at sampling time. As a result, parasites may cancel previously described behavioural differences between morphs. We discuss the possible mechanisms explaining morph‐dependent responses to parasites, and how parasite risk may be an unseen force shaping C. nemoralis morph variation in space and time. We conclude with the possible ecological consequences of the link, mediated by shell colour, and between thermal and immune responses.