bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives and experiences of living with self‐neglect among older adults: A systematic review and meta‐synthesis
Authors: Yu Mingming , Wang Wenru , Gu Libin , Ramachandran Hadassah Joann 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeGiven the global trajectory toward an aging population, renewed interest in the phenomena of self‐neglect is needed if relevant stakeholders are to be adequately prepared for an expected increase in the number of elder self‐neglect cases. This current study is designed to systematically review and synthesize the qualitative literature on the perspectives and experiences of older adults living with self‐neglect.DesignA narrative meta‐synthesis was used.MethodsSix English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL Plus, Scopus, Embase, and PsycINFO) were comprehensively searched from inception to May 2022. The thematic synthesis method was applied to analyze and synthesize the findings of the included studies. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative checklist was applied to evaluate the quality of the included studies.FindingsA total of six qualitative studies were finally included with four studies conducted in the United States, one in Israel, and one in Ireland. Through meta‐synthesis, five analytical themes were identified: attributes of self‐neglect, life shaped by misery, insufficient social networks and resources, self‐protection and preservation, and anchoring beliefs and practices.ConclusionsThis qualitative synthesis provides profound insights into the self‐neglect phenomenon from the standpoint of older adults with self‐neglect and can provide guidance to relevant stakeholders on how to address elder self‐neglect cases with respect to its assessment, reporting and management. Future research across geographical locations on the experiences of older adults with self‐neglect are needed to provide a more global understanding of this significant and emerging public health issue.Clinical relevanceThe development of future self‐neglect management practices based on medical and sociocultural models of care can focus on supporting self‐neglecters with positive coping mechanisms and supporting service providers with spiritual care competencies to ensure interventions achieve ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, and nonmaleficence.
Adverse pregnancy outcomes in Toxoplasma gondii seropositive Hispanic women
Authors: Mutka Tina , Seyfang Andreas , Yoo Ji Youn , Dutra Samia Valeria Ozorio , Ji Ming , Louis‐Jacques Adetola , Bruder Karen , Prescott Stephanie , Kim Kami , Groer Maureen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsChronic Toxoplasma gondii infection is not thought to affect pregnancy or birth outcomes, but there are few prospective studies. The study aims were T. gondii immunoglobulin G measurement and relationship of chronic T. gondii infection with gestational age at birth and adverse pregnancy outcomes in 690 Hispanic women in Tampa, Florida.MethodsHispanic women, born either in the United States or in Latin America or the Caribbean had a venous blood sample drawn to measure T. gondii IgG and T. gondii serotype at the first prenatal visit, along with collection of demographic and health‐related measures. Seropositive and seronegative women were followed throughout their pregnancy. Gestational age, infant weights, and adverse pregnancy outcomes (miscarriages, preterm births) were compared in the two groups.ResultsThere were 740 women of self‐reported Hispanic ethnicity screened and enrolled in Tampa, Florida, with 690 having birth data extracted from the electronic health record (538 T. gondii negative and 152 T. gondii seropositive). T. gondii seropositivity was 22.4% and the majority (83%) had high avidity titers, indicating chronic infection. Compared to T. gondii seronegative Hispanic women, seroseropositive women had more smaller for gestational age infants and higher prevalences of miscarriages and preterm birth.ConclusionThis is one of the largest longitudinal cohort studies of women with chronic T. gondii infection followed through pregnancy. There was a higher percentages of adverse pregnancy outcomes in this group compared to T. gondii seronegative controls. The mechanism for this is unknown and warrants reexamination of the dogma that chronic T. gondii infection in pregnant women has no significant clinical consequences.
Third trimester re‐screening for gestational diabetes in morbidly obese women despite earlier negative test can reveal risks for obstetrical complications
Authors: Abu Shqara Raneen , Or Shany , Nakhleh Francis Yara , Wiener Yifat , Lowenstein Lior , Wolf Maya Frank 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimWe investigated associations of maternal obesity with late gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis (>34 weeks) in women with previous normal glucose screening, and associations of late GDM with obstetrical outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study assessed obstetrical and neonatal outcomes of 238 women with normal (24–28 week) glucose screening results, who underwent late repeat oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) (>34 weeks) due to a suspected LGA fetus (54.6%) or polyhydramnios (45.4%). A sub‐analysis was performed of outcomes of women with late versus mid‐trimester GDM.ResultsThe GDM rate in repeat OGTT screening was 22.2% for the total sample, and 33% among women with morbid obesity. Among women with late GDM versus without late GDM, rates were higher for macrosomia, large‐for‐gestational‐age fetus induction of labor, neonatal hypoglycemia, jaundice, and the need for phototherapy. Among women with late GDM, a higher pregestational BMI was associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Higher risks for macrosomia and CS due to macrosomia were demonstrated in women with late vs. mid‐trimester GDM.ConclusionLate screening in pregnancy may reveal GDM among women with previous normal glucose screening, particularly among those with late third trimester BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2, GDM in a previous pregnancy or fasting glucose >95 mg/dl. Women diagnosed with GDM at >34 weeks following normal glucose screening at 24–28 weeks are at higher risk for adverse perinatal outcomes. For women with morbid obesity, or suspected macrosomia or polyhydramnios in the late third trimester, and normal glucose screening in the second trimester, retesting should be considered.
Comparison of denture base adaptation between additive and conventional fabrication techniques
Authors: Tosun Osman Nuri , Bilmenoglu Caglar , Özdemir Ali Kemal 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeThis in vitro study compared the adaptation of denture bases fabricated by injection molding (IM), compression molding (CM), liquid crystal display (LCD), and digital light processing (DLP) techniques.Material and methodsA definitive maxillary cast was duplicated using a silicone mold to create 40 gypsum casts that were laser scanned before any fabrication procedures were initiated. For the DLP and LCD groups, 20 denture bases (10 in each group) were virtually designed and manufactured referring to the digitalized data. For the CM and IM groups, 20 denture bases (10 in each group) were molded using gypsum models. A total of 40 gypsum models and their corresponding denture bases were scanned. The scanned intaglio surface of each denture base was superimposed on the scanned reference cast to compare the degree of tissue surface adaptation. The three‐dimensional surface deviations of the total intaglio surface, denture border apex, palatal vault, and crest of the ridge were evaluated on the basis of the best fit algorithm technique using inspection software. The data were statistically analyzed using one‐way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test (α = 0.05).ResultsAccording to the superimposing results, for the total intaglio surface, the lowest deviation was present on the injection‐molded group and the highest deviation occurred on the LCD group. For the palatal vault, the lowest deviation was present on the DLP group and the highest deviation occurred in the compression molded group. For the crest of the ridge, the lowest deviation was present in the injection‐molded group and the highest deviation occurred in the LCD group. For the denture border apex, the lowest deviation was present in the DLP group and the highest deviation occurred in the LCD group.ConclusionsMaxillary denture bases fabricated using DLP and IM techniques showed higher surface adaptation than the bases fabricated using LCD and CM techniques. Among the conventional techniques, higher compatible dentures can be produced with IM; among the additive techniques, higher compatible dentures can be produced with DLP.
End‐of‐life care over four decades in a quaternary neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Barry Alexandra , Prentice Trisha , Wilkinson Dominic 
Published: December 2022

AimDeath in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) commonly follows a decision to withdraw or limit life‐sustaining treatment. Advances in medicine have changed the nature of life‐sustaining interventions available and the potential prognosis for many newborn conditions. We aimed to assess changes in causes of death and end‐of‐life care over nearly four decades.MethodsA retrospective review of infants dying in the NICU was performed (2017–2020) and compared with previous audits performed in the same centre (1985–1987 and 1999–2001). Diagnoses at death were recorded for each infant as well as their apparent prognosis and any withdrawal or limitations of medical treatment.ResultsIn the recent epoch, there were 88 deaths out of 2084 admissions (4.2%), a reduction from the previous epochs (132/1362 (9.7%) and 111/1776 (6.2%), respectively, for epochs 1 and 2). More than 90% of infants died after withdrawal of life‐sustaining treatment, an increase from the previous two epochs (75%). There was a reduction in deaths from chromosomal abnormalities, complications related to prematurity and severe birth asphyxia.ConclusionsThere continue to be changes in both the diagnoses leading to death and approaches to withdrawal of treatment in the NICU. These may reflect ongoing changes in both prenatal and post‐natal diagnostics as well as changing attitudes towards palliative care within the medical and wider community.
Six miRNA expressions in the saliva of smokers and non‐smokers with periodontal disease
Authors: Öngöz Dede Figen , Gökmenoğlu Ceren , Türkmen Emrah , Bozkurt Doğan Şeyma , Ayhan Burhanettin Sertaç , Yildirim Kubilay 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt has been stated that microRNA (miRNA) plays an important role in development, homeostasis, and immune functions, and abnormal miRNA expression may cause faster disease progression.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine miR‐203, miR‐142‐3p, miR‐146a, miR‐146b, miR‐155, and miR‐29b gene expressions in the saliva of smokers and non‐smokers with the periodontal disease before and after non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT).MethodsA total of 90 individuals, 30 with periodontitis, 30 with gingivitis, and 30 periodontally healthy (control group), were included. These three groups were divided into subgroups as smoking and non‐smoking individuals, with 15 people in each group. NSPT was applied to patients with periodontitis and gingivitis. Saliva samples and clinical parameters were obtained at baseline and repeated 6 weeks after NSPT.ResultsSaliva miR‐203, miR‐142‐3p, miR‐146a, miR‐146b, and miR‐155 gene expressions were significantly upregulated in patients with periodontal disease compared to the control group both in smokers and non‐smokers, and also these miRNAs' gene expressions were significantly higher in the periodontitis group than in the gingivitis group at baseline (p < .05). A significant increase in saliva miR‐142‐3p expression was detected in all groups of smokers compared to non‐smokers (p < .05). Although there was a decrease in salivary miRNAs gene expressions with the treatment, it was not statistically significant (p > .05).ConclusionsThese results suggest that salivary miR‐146a, miR‐146b, miR142‐3p, miR‐155, and miR‐203 gene expressions increased with the progression of periodontal disease, but unchanged after periodontal treatment. Moreover, smoking may contribute to an increase in the levels of salivary miR‐142‐3p in the periodontal health and disease.
Impact of sleep and physical activity habits on real‐life glycaemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Gauthier Pierre , Desir Chesner , Plombas Maud , Joffray Eloïse , Benhamou Pierre‐Yves , Borel Anne‐Laure 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThe aim of this study was to better characterise whether sleep habits, eating schedule and physical activity in real‐life are associated with glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 28 patients (aged 60 years [58; 66], 54% female) with type 2 diabetes treated with basal‐bolus insulin therapy administered by insulin pumps were analysed. Glycaemic data measured by Flash Glucose Monitor System, physical activity and sleep data measured by accelerometer, and meal schedules were simultaneously collated with insulin pump administration data, for 7 days in real‐life. Their respective impact on the time spent in target, in hypoglycaemia, in hyperglycaemia and on glycaemic variability was evaluated. Multiple regressions showed that the total daily dose of meal boluses of insulin was inversely associated with the coefficient of variation (CV; coefficient β = −0.073; 95% confidence interval: −0.130, −0.015; p = 0.016), as well as sleep duration. The higher the sleep duration, the lower the glycaemic variability (coefficient β = −0.012; 95% confidence interval: −0.023, −0.002; p = 0.027). The mean 7 days physical activity of the subjects was very low and was not associated with glycaemic control on the 7 days mean values. However, days with at least 1 hr spent in physical activity higher than 1.5 METs were associated with less glycaemic variability that same day. This real‐life observation highlights the importance of sufficient sleep duration and regular physical activity to lessen the glycaemic variability of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Reproductive cost in female European and mountain hares
Authors: Rughetti M. , Ferloni M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn female mammals, reproduction requires high‐energy expenditure because of gestation and lactation; therefore, a fitness cost of current reproduction may lead to a decrease in future survival or reproduction. The reproductive cost differs between short‐lived species with a fast life history strategy compared to long‐lived species with a slow life history strategy. We used harvest data on reproduction and body mass from two small‐sized and short‐lived mammals, mountain and European hare (Lepus timidus and Lepus europaeus) to explore the cost of reproduction and determine how the number of newborns produced in the current breeding season affects female body mass at the end of the reproductive season. Within a reproductive season, female hares experienced a reproductive cost: current litter size was negatively affected by the number of newborns produced in the current breeding season until the current litter. In the given reproductive season, females that had had more litters also had the highest reproductive output and had higher body mass at the end of the breeding season. The presence of a reproductive cost and the high reproductive performance of heavier female hares suggest a strategy of reproduction more conservative than expected for a species with a relatively small size and fast life history strategy. Heavier female hares seemed to be able to face the cost of reproduction, produce more offspring and remain larger at the end of the reproductive season: a strategy that is more conservative than risky. We believe female hares adopt, at least in part, a conservative strategy of reproduction characterized by an increased number of litters per season because of the positive fitness payoff gained.
Navigating the burden of proof and responsibility: A narrative inquiry into Indigenous medical learners' experiences
Authors: Burm Sarah , Deagle Sebastian , Watling Christopher J. , Wylie Lloy , Alcock Danielle 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionMany medical schools have well‐established admission pathways and programming to support Indigenous medical workforce development. Ideally, these efforts should contribute to attracting highly qualified Indigenous applicants which, in turn, may improve accessible, quality care for Indigenous people. However, it is difficult to evolve and tailor these approaches without a situated understanding of Indigenous learners' experiences. In this paper, we focus on the Canadian context, sharing Indigenous learners' stories about their journey towards and throughout medical training.MethodsThe conceptual underpinnings of narrative inquiry and key principles from Indigenous methodologies were drawn upon throughout both data collection and analysis. Participants were Indigenous learners (medical students and residents) and a recently graduated physician (n = 5) from one Canadian medical school. Both spoken (formal recorded interviews) and visual (photographs) texts were used to make meaning of participants' experiences.ResultsParticipants' experiences during medical training showed a striking resemblance at three points in their transition to, and progression through, medical education: preparing for and applying to medical school, completing undergraduate medical training and determining specialty choice. Participants' stories revealed a tug‐of‐war between their identities as an Indigenous person and as a medical trainee, with these tensions sometimes compromising their perceived sense of belonging within both Indigenous and academic circles, creating, at times, a heavy burden to shoulder.ConclusionMeaningful representation of Indigenous people in the medical workforce is about more than training additional health care providers; it requires understanding Indigenous learners and recently graduated physicians' experiences as they enter and navigate the medical profession. By amplifying their voices, we stand to gain a more holistic representation of the factors that contribute to and potentially impede the recruitment and retention of Indigenous people into the medical profession.
A fact‐finding survey of medical care provided to neuromuscular disease patients at the National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry in Japan
Authors: Hanai Akiko , Yorimoto Keisuke , Ohkubo Ryo , Tsukamoto Tadashi , Mizuno Katsuhiro , Takahashi Yuji 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSubjectThe aim of the present study was to conduct a fact‐finding survey of medical care practices that are provided to neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) patients and to identify the placement rate and timing of implementation for each of the diseases.MethodAll 3756 NMD patients who were admitted to the Neurology ward between April 2015 and March 2020 were included. This was a retrospective survey of specific medical care practices (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and tracheotomy) implemented.ResultsThe results showed that 325 patients (8.7%) had PEG placements, and 78 patients (2.1%) had tracheotomies. When the course of each disease from onset to medical care was examined, the diseases for which medical care was received soon after onset were MND, MSA, DLB, and progressive supranuclear palsy, whereas muscular dystrophy, myopathy, and Parkinson's disease (PD) were diseases with a relatively long time between disease onset and medical care. Discussion: In conducting the fact‐finding survey on medical care practices for NMD, the following were taken into consideration: (i) difficulty in conducting the investigation due to NMD being a rare disease; (ii) existence of a difference in age of onset and progression of the diseases; and (iii) differences in treatment environments due to disparities in treatment policies among medical institutions providing medical care and local support systems.ConclusionsThe course of medical care provision for NMD patients varied depending on the disease, and the difference in the time course of progression of symptoms greatly impacted patients' decision making.
Effects of regular soy formula intake between 1 and 2 months of age on food sensitization in infancy
Authors: Sakihara Tetsuhiro , Otsuji Kenta , Arakaki Yohei , Hamada Kazuya , Matsui Teruaki , Sugiura Shiro , Ito Komei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe effects of regular soy formula (SF) intake on the development of food sensitization in infancy remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the effects of regular SF intake between 1 and 2 months of age on food sensitization development by 6 months of age.MethodsUsing data from a randomized controlled trial of a birth cohort from four Japanese hospitals that assessed cow's milk allergy development, we performed a retrospective cohort study of 235 infants who avoided cow's milk formula and supplemented breastfeeding with SF as required between 1 and 2 months of age. Regular SF intake was defined as SF consumption of ≥14 days per month and ≥1350 ml per month. Food sensitization was defined as positive skin prick test reactions to hen's egg, cow's milk, wheat, and/or soy. Using multivariable logistic regression models that adjusted for parental, perinatal, and environmental factors, we calculated the adjusted odds ratios of regular SF intake for food, hen's egg, and cow's milk sensitization by 6 months of age.ResultsFrom the 235 participants, 114 (48.5%) had regular SF intake. The adjusted odds ratios of regular SF intake for food, hen's egg, and cow's milk sensitization were 0.32 (95% confidence interval: 0.16–0.62, p = .0007), 0.42 (0.20–0.88, p = .02), and 0.33 (0.14–0.81, p = .02), respectively.ConclusionRegular SF intake between 1 and 2 months of age in infants avoiding cow's milk formula was significantly associated with a reduced risk of food sensitization in infancy.
MATE transporter GFD1 cooperates with sugar transporters, mediates carbohydrate partitioning and controls grain‐filling duration, grain size and number in rice
Authors: Sun Changhui , Wang Yang , Yang Xiaorong , Tang Lu , Wan Chunmei , Liu Jiqing , Chen Congping , Zhang Hongshan , He Changcai , Liu Chuanqiang , Wang Qian , Zhang Kuan , Zhang Wenfeng , Yang Bin , Li Shuangcheng , Zhu Jun , Sun Yongjian , Li Weitao , Zhou Yihua , Wang Pingrong , Deng Xiaojian 
Published: December 2022

SummaryMore than half of the world's food is provided by cereals, as humans obtain >60% of daily calories from grains. Producing more carbohydrates is always the final target of crop cultivation. The carbohydrate partitioning pathway directly affects grain yield, but the molecular mechanisms and biological functions are poorly understood, including rice (Oryza sativa L.), one of the most important food sources. Here, we reported a prolonged grain filling duration mutant 1 (gfd1), exhibiting a long grain‐filling duration, less grain number per panicle and bigger grain size without changing grain weight. Map‐based cloning and molecular biological analyses revealed that GFD1 encoded a MATE transporter and expressed high in vascular tissues of the stem, spikelet hulls and rachilla, but low in the leaf, controlling carbohydrate partitioning in the stem and grain but not in the leaf. GFD1 protein was partially localized on the plasma membrane and in the Golgi apparatus, and was finally verified to interact with two sugar transporters, OsSWEET4 and OsSUT2. Genetic analyses showed that GFD1 might control grain‐filling duration through OsSWEET4, adjust grain size with OsSUT2 and synergistically modulate grain number per panicle with both OsSUT2 and OsSWEET4. Together, our work proved that the three transporters, which are all initially classified in the major facilitator superfamily family, could control starch storage in both the primary sink (grain) and temporary sink (stem), and affect carbohydrate partitioning in the whole plant through physical interaction, giving a new vision of sugar transporter interactome and providing a tool for rice yield improvement.