bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Dual-Layer Coating Using Nanoparticle-Polymer Hybrid Materials for Daytime Passive Radiative Cooling
Authors: Lin Kaixin , Zhu Tong , Zhu Yihao , Ho Tsz Chung , Lee Hau Him , Chao Luke , Tso Chi Yan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Radiative cooling takes advantage of cold outer space as an ultimate heat sink to cool objects by spontaneously radiative heat loss in the mid-infrared wavelength range where the atmosphere is highly transparent. This renewable cooling strategy is considered as a sustainable alternative to save energy and reduce the adverse effect on the environment caused by traditional air-conditioning systems. However, it is still challenging to achieve a 24-hour continuous cooling which requires materials for broadband reflection in the solar spectrum from ultraviolet to near-infrared to reduce heat absorption from the sun during daytime operation. Recently, daytime passive radiative cooling has been achieved by designs using dielectric materials, optical structures, metal reflectors, etc. Although effective in optical properties, those designs are costly to fabricate and are difficult for scalable applications. In this work, we present a bi-layer radiative cooling paint (BRCP) using nanoparticle-polymer hybrid materials for daytime passive radiative cooling applications. The bottom layer, doping TiO2 nanoparticles in PDMS polymer, selectively reflects sunlight from the visible to near-infrared range. An Al2O3-nanoparticle-doped PDMS layer is applied atop the bottom layer to enhance ultraviolet reflection. Consequently, the dual-layer coating with optimized thickness and particle concentration attains an overall solar reflection of 92.2% and a mid-infrared emittance (8∼13 μm) of 95.3%. With the promising optical performance, a daytime radiative cooling power of 97.17 W/m2 is theoretically expected under a clear and dry climate. Overall, the dual-layer coating promises an appealing solution for cooling while offering good applicability and scalability in paint format.
Validation of Panel Temperature Correlation Models Using Data From a Utility Scale Solar Field
Authors: Belanger Jacques , Davol Andrew , Dinius Katelynn , Dubois Ryan , Getty Sophie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The paper presents results on an investigation of different models used to predict photovoltaic (PV) panel temperatures using data from the Cal Poly San Luis Obispo campus 4.5 MW Gold Tree solar farm. The accurate panel temperature is required for evaluating the panel’s capacity to generate electricity. To perform the investigation, data recorded by the field management system and additional experimental data collected in the field are used. Using temperatures recorded by the field management system, it was possible to get good correlation with some of the temperature models. However, inconsistencies were encountered when trying to use the same models with the additional temperature measurements taken in the field over the fall of 2021. From these measurements it could be argued that the temperature of the instrumented panel recorded in the management system is not always representative of the temperature of panels located in the middle of the solar field. These additional measurements indicate that panels in the middle of the field can be 10°C hotter than the panels located at the edge of the field during the afternoon hours. Those measurements also indicate that, during the day, a “local ambient” temperature in the middle of the solar field can be up to 10°C hotter than the meteorological station reported ambient temperature around the solar farm.
Co-Processing of Municipal Solid Waste With Gypsum Waste for Enhanced Product Recovery
Authors: Burra K. G. , Gupta A. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
With growing generation of municipal solid wastes, development of sustainable disposal techniques is essential for effective utilization of these resources. While waste-to-energy (WtE) facilities provide energy recovery from these wastes, the low relative value of energy makes it unattractive. Simultaneously, high oxidation environment in these facilities also means losing significantly valuable resources such as metals/mineral in the form of their oxides and forming pollutant flue gases and fly-ash. Alternative pathways in waste-to-energy involve designing variable oxygen staging to effectively limit oxidation to only carbonaceous materials while minimizing high oxidation state products of metals. In such operating conditions, formation of char from the MSW components is thermodynamically favored and effective utilization of this resource in-situ can be valuable to improve the reactor operability. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of utilizing waste gypsum from construction/demolition sector to co-process in WtE process. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) with FTIR analysis of evolved gas was utilized to understand the operation conditions for such a co-processing and the formation of evolved gas products such as CO2, CO and SO2. Char formed from pyrolysis of waste tires was investigated to examine its reactions with gypsum. Char was found to be reduced by reacting with the anhydrous gypsum at temperatures beyond 850 °C. These studies also include the effect of oxidation potential of the purge gas on this reaction which was carried out by introducing 4.8% O2 into the TGA purge gas to understand its effect on the reaction of gypsum with the char in comparison to char oxidation.
Translating electronic health record-based patient safety algorithms from research to clinical practice at multiple sites
Authors: Zimolzak Andrew J , Singh Hardeep , Murphy Daniel R , Wei Li , Memon Sahar A , Upadhyay Divvy K , Korukonda Saritha , Zubkoff Lisa , Sittig Dean F 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionResearchers are increasingly developing algorithms that impact patient care, but algorithms must also be implemented in practice to improve quality and safety.ObjectiveWe worked with clinical operations personnel at two US health systems to implement algorithms to proactively identify patients without timely follow-up of abnormal test results that warrant diagnostic evaluation for colorectal or lung cancer. We summarise the steps involved and lessons learned.MethodsTwelve sites were involved across two health systems. Implementation involved extensive software documentation, frequent communication with sites and local validation of results. Additionally, we used automated edits of existing code to adapt it to sites’ local contexts.ResultsAll sites successfully implemented the algorithms. Automated edits saved sites significant work in direct code modification. Documentation and communication of changes further aided sites in implementation.ConclusionPatient safety algorithms developed in research projects were implemented at multiple sites to monitor for missed diagnostic opportunities. Automated algorithm translation procedures can produce more consistent results across sites.
5 Rifaximin prophylaxis against travellers’ diarrhoea does nor increase acquisition of extended-spectrum ß – lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) in a UK military population travelling to Kenya
Authors: Troth Tom , Burns Daniel , Porter Chad , Rimmer Joanna , Fraser Jamie , Lalani Tahaniyat , Tribble David , Schaik Willem Van , Gutierrez Ramiro 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundTravellers’ Diarrhoea (TD) is a significant issue for deployed troops. Antibiotic prophylaxis can be effective but raises antimicrobial resistance (AMR) concerns. PREVENT TD study, was a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial comparing once- and twice-daily rifaximin 550mg against placebo (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02498301). Rifaximin showed a protective effect (0.05 vs 0.36/100 person days, p= 0.025 vs placebo) against incident TD. Here we present our results on the acquisition of ESBL-E in PREVENT TD participants.MethodsEnrolled UK subjects deployed to Kenya for 6-week periods. 121 participants provided stool samples upon arrival and prior to departure. Approximately 100mg of stool was incubated in Luria Broth with cefotaxime (10 μg/ml) at 37°C overnight. Cultures were then spread onto ESBL Chromoselect agar and incubated again overnight. Growth was taken as positive for ESBL-E bacteria. The two rifaximin intervention arms were compared to placebo using Fisher’s exact test.Bioinformatic analysis has been performed using Parsnp, MLST and Abricate programs.Results84/121 (69.4%) subjects had no ESBL-E present on arrival in Kenya. The highest incidence of ESBL acquisition was observed in subjects randomised to the placebo arm; however, the differences were not statistically significant (table in presentation).In the cohorts colonised with ESBL-E at the start of the study, there was a non-statistically significant reduction in the ESBL-E rates with those taking rifaximin prophylaxis.Genome sequencing showed a number of ESBL-E E. coli are genetically very similar suggesting a source in Kenya.ConclusionsWhile ESBL acquisition rate was relatively high (26.5%), rifaximin was not associated with an increase in ESBL acquisition. Further work will be performed to investigate acquisition of rifaximin resistance among commensal Enterobacteriaceae during the trial.Further Bioinformatic work is ongoing looking at acquisition of resistance genes.
Neoadjuvant Radiation Therapy and Surgery Improves Metastasis-Free Survival over Surgery Alone in a Primary Mouse Model of Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Patel Rutulkumar , Mowery Yvonne M. , Qi Yi , Bassil Alex M. , Holbrook Matt , Xu Eric S. , Hong Cierra S. , Himes Jonathon E. , Williams Nerissa T. , Everitt Jeffrey , Ma Yan , Luo Lixia , Selitsky Sara R. , Modliszewski Jennifer L. , Gao Junheng , Jung Sin-Ho , Kirsch David G. , Badea Cristian T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study aims to investigate whether adding neoadjuvant radiotherapy (RT), anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) antibody (anti–PD-1), or RT + anti-PD-1 to surgical resection improves disease-free survival for mice with soft tissue sarcomas (STS). We generated a high mutational load primary mouse model of STS by intramuscular injection of adenovirus expressing Cas9 and guide RNA targeting Trp53 and intramuscular injection of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) into the gastrocnemius muscle of wild-type mice (p53/MCA model). We randomized tumor-bearing mice to receive isotype control or anti–PD-1 antibody with or without radiotherapy (20 Gy), followed by hind limb amputation. We used micro-CT to detect lung metastases with high spatial resolution, which was confirmed by histology. We investigated whether sarcoma metastasis was regulated by immunosurveillance by lymphocytes or tumor cell-intrinsic mechanisms. Compared with surgery with isotype control antibody, the combination of anti–PD-1, radiotherapy, and surgery improved local recurrence-free survival (P = 0.035) and disease-free survival (P = 0.005), but not metastasis-free survival. Mice treated with radiotherapy, but not anti–PD-1, showed significantly improved local recurrence-free survival and metastasis-free survival over surgery alone (P = 0.043 and P = 0.007, respectively). The overall metastasis rate was low (∼12%) in the p53/MCA sarcoma model, which limited the power to detect further improvement in metastasis-free survival with addition of anti–PD-1 therapy. Tail vein injections of sarcoma cells into immunocompetent mice suggested that impaired metastasis was due to inability of sarcoma cells to grow in the lungs rather than a consequence of immunosurveillance. In conclusion, neoadjuvant radiotherapy improves metastasis-free survival after surgery in a primary model of STS.
Diversity, distribution, and abundance status of small mammalian fauna (Chiroptera: Rodentia: Eulipotyphla) of Manipur, India
Authors: Saikia Uttam , A.B. Meetei  
Published: September 2022

The three mammalian orders Chiroptera, Rodentia, and Eulipotyphla constitute the bulk of small mammalian species. In spite of their diversity, numerical preponderance, and widespread distribution, they are the least explored mammals with serious information gap on the diversity and distribution especially in the context of northeastern India. To partially fill this crucial information gap, we conducted two extensive field surveys covering nine districts of Manipur state during 2019 and 2021 resulting in the collection of 62 examples of these groups. Besides, 12 additional examples of bats and shrews from Manipur deposited at the North Eastern Regional Centre (NERC) of ZSI, Shillong and two specimens of rodents deposited in Manipur University in recent times were also examined. Based on these voucher records and field evidences, we report the presence of 38 species of small mammals from the state including 27 species of bats, 10 species of rodents and one species of shrew. Out of these, 12 species of bats have been recorded for the first time from the state. It is expected that the present inventory will expand with further surveys as fossorial rodents and shrews were not adequately sampled during the present studies.
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure and Effect of Dapagliflozin: Findings From DAPA-HF
Authors: Docherty Kieran F. , Welsh Paul , Verma Subodh , De Boer Rudolf A. , O’Meara Eileen , Bengtsson Olof , Køber Lars , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Hammarstedt Ann , Langkilde Anna Maria , Lindholm Daniel , Little Dustin J. , Sjöstrand Mikaela , Martinez Felipe A. , Ponikowski Piotr , Sabatine Marc S. , Morrow David A. , Schou Morten , Solomon Scott D. , Sattar Naveed , Jhund Pardeep S. , McMurray John J.V. ,   on behalf of the DAPA-HF Investigators and Committees
Published: September 2022

Background:
Iron deficiency is common in heart failure and associated with worse outcomes. We examined the prevalence and consequences of iron deficiency in the DAPA-HF trial (Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse-Outcomes in Heart Failure) and the effect of dapagliflozin on markers of iron metabolism. We also analyzed the effect of dapagliflozin on outcomes, according to iron status at baseline.

Methods:
Iron deficiency was defined as a ferritin level <100 ng/mL or a transferrin saturation <20% and a ferritin level 100 to 299 ng/mL. Additional biomarkers of iron metabolism, including soluble transferrin receptor, erythropoietin, and hepcidin were measured at baseline and 12 months after randomization. The primary outcome was a composite of worsening heart failure (hospitalization or urgent visit requiring intravenous therapy) or cardiovascular death.

Results:

Of the 4744 patients randomized in DAPA-HF, 3009 had ferritin and transferrin saturation measurements available at baseline, and 1314 of these participants (43.7%) were iron deficient. The rate of the primary outcome was higher in patients with iron deficiency (16.6 per 100 person-years) compared with those without (10.4 per 100 person-years;
P
<0.0001). The effect of dapagliflozin on the primary outcome was consistent in iron-deficient compared with iron-replete patients (hazard ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.58–0.92] versus 0.81 [95% CI, 0.63–1.03];
P
-interaction=0.59). Similar findings were observed for cardiovascular death, heart failure hospitalization, and all-cause mortality. Transferrin saturation, ferritin, and hepcidin were reduced and total iron-binding capacity and soluble transferrin receptor increased with dapagliflozin compared with placebo.

Conclusions:
Iron deficiency was common in DAPA-HF and associated with worse outcomes. Dapagliflozin appeared to increase iron use but improved outcomes, irrespective of iron status at baseline.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03036124.
Yield of Dual Therapy With Statin and Ezetimibe in the Treat Stroke to Target Trial
Authors: Amarenco Pierre , Kim Jong S. , Labreuche Julien , Charles Hugo , Giroud Maurice , Lee Byung-Chul , Lavallée Philippa C. , Mahagne Marie-Hélène , Meseguer Elena , Nighoghossian Norbert , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Vicaut Éric , Bruckert Eric ,   on behalf of the Treat Stroke to Target Investigators
Published: September 2022

Background:
In atherosclerotic stroke, lipid-lowering treatment with a target LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol of <70 compared with 100±10 mg/dL reduced the risk of subsequent cardiovascular events. This post hoc analysis explored the relative effects of the combination of statin and ezetimibe (dual therapy) and statin monotherapy in achieving the lower LDL cholesterol target and in reducing the risk of major vascular events, as compared with the higher target group.

Methods:
Patients with ischemic stroke in the previous 3 months or transient ischemic attack within the previous 15 days and evidence of cerebrovascular or coronary artery atherosclerosis were randomly assigned to a target LDL cholesterol of <70 or 100±10 mg/dL, using statin and/or ezetimibe as needed. The primary outcome was the composite of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, new symptoms requiring urgent coronary or carotid revascularization, and vascular death. Cox regression model including lipid-lowering therapy as a time varying variable, after adjustment for randomization strategy, age, sex, index event (stroke or transient ischemic attack), and time since the index event.

Results:

Among 2860 patients enrolled, patients who were on dual therapy during the trial in the lower target group had a higher baseline LDL cholesterol as compared to patients on statin monotherapy (141±38 versus 131±36, respectively,
P
<0.001). In patients on dual therapy and on statin monotherapy, the achieved LDL cholesterol was 66.2 and 64.1 mg/dL respectively, and the primary outcome was reduced during dual therapy as compared with the higher target group (HR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.39–0.91];
P
=0.016) but not during statin monotherapy (HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.70–1.20];
P
=0.52), with no significant increase in intracranial bleeding.

Conclusions:
In the TST trial (Treat Stroke to Target), targeting an LDL cholesterol of < 70 mg/dL with a combination of statin and ezetimibe compared with 100±10 mg/dL consistently reduced the risk of subsequent stroke.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01252875. URL:
clinicaltrialsregister.eu
; Unique identifier: EUDRACT2009-A01280-57.
Projected Changes in Future Extreme Precipitation over the Northeast United States in the NA-CORDEX Ensemble
Authors: Nazarian Robert H. , Vizzard James V. , Agostino Carissa P. , Lutsko Nicholas J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The northeastern United States (NEUS) is a densely populated region with a number of major cities along the climatological storm track. Despite its economic and social importance, as well as the area’s vulnerability to flooding, there is significant uncertainty around future trends in extreme precipitation over the region. Here, we undertake a regional study of the projected changes in extreme precipitation over the NEUS through the end of the twenty-first century using an ensemble of high-resolution, dynamically downscaled simulations from the North American Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (NA-CORDEX) project. We find that extreme precipitation increases throughout the region, with the largest changes in coastal regions and smaller changes inland. These increases are seen throughout the year, although the smallest changes in extreme precipitation are seen in the summer, in contrast to earlier studies. The frequency of heavy precipitation also increases such that there are relatively fewer days with moderate precipitation and relatively more days with either no or strong precipitation. Averaged over the region, extreme precipitation increases by +3%–5% °C−1 of local warming, with the largest fractional increases in southern and inland regions and occurring during the winter and spring seasons. This is lower than the +7% °C−1 rate expected from thermodynamic considerations alone and suggests that dynamical changes damp the increases in extreme precipitation. These changes are qualitatively robust across ensemble members, although there is notable intermodel spread associated with models’ climate sensitivity and with changes in mean precipitation. Together, the NA-CORDEX simulations suggest that this densely populated region may require significant adaptation strategies to cope with the increase in extreme precipitation expected at the end of the next century.

Significance Statement
Observations show that the northeastern United States has already experienced increases in extreme precipitation, and prior modeling studies suggest that this trend is expected to continue through the end of the century. Using high-resolution climate model simulations, we find that coastal regions will experience large increases in extreme precipitation (+6.0–7.5 mm day−1), although there is significant intermodel spread in the trends’ spatial distribution and in their seasonality. Regionally averaged, extreme precipitation will increase at a rate of ∼2% decade−1. Our results also suggest that the frequency of extreme precipitation will increase, with the strongest storms doubling in frequency per degree of warming. These results, taken with earlier studies, provide guidance to aid in resiliency preparation and planning by regional stakeholders.
Importance of Diabatic Heating for the Eastward-Moving Heavy Rainfall Events along the Yangtze River, China
Authors: Zhao Yang , Park Chanil , Son Seok-Woo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study highlights the importance of the diabatic process in the heavy rainfall events (HREs) that are initiated on the eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau and move to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin. These HREs, which cause significant socioeconomic losses in the Yangtze River basin, are typically maintained for 3 days. They develop when a large amount of moisture converges on the eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau. By solving the quasigeostrophic (QG) omega equation, it is revealed that the vertical motion of HREs is organized by both dynamic and diabatic forcings, with the latter being dominant. The stationary boundary forcing on the eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau also contributes to the initial organization of the HREs. While the dynamic vertical motion does not change much and the boundary forcing becomes negligible after the initial organization, diabatic vertical motion becomes more dominant in QG vertical motion (∼80%) as HREs develop and move downstream. The potential vorticity (PV) tendency budget analysis reveals that the development and eastward movement of the HRE-related surface cyclone is primarily associated with diabatic PV production to the east of the cyclone where a large amount of moisture converges. This result implies that the long-traveling HREs along the Yangtze River basin are highly self-maintaining in nature.