bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case of needle tract seeding during preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy for resectable pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yane Kei , Aoki Mai , Tomita Yusuke , Yoshida Masahiro , Morita Kotaro , Ihara Hideyuki , Sumiyoshi Tetsuya , Kondo Hitoshi , Oyamada Yumiko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractReports of needle tract seeding (NTS) as a complication of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) have been increasing. To date, most of the reported cases of NTS have been diagnosed during the postoperative follow‐up period. Herein, we report a case of NTS that occurred during preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy after EUS‐FNA for resectable pancreatic cancer. The patient underwent transgastric EUS‐FNA for a pancreatic tail tumor. He was diagnosed as having resectable pancreatic cancer and received preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy. After completion of the chemotherapy, computed tomography showed a thick‐walled cyst‐like structure appearing between the pancreas and the gastric wall. Combined resection revealed adenocarcinoma invasion into the cyst‐like structure. Based on the clinical course, and surgical and pathological findings, the condition was diagnosed as NTS. It is thus crucial that after EUS‐FNA, a detailed review of the imaging findings be conducted in the preoperative period. If adhesions between the stomach and the pancreas are observed after transgastric EUS‐FNA, combined resection of the gastric wall should be considered.
Trends of glucose, lactate and ketones during anaerobic and aerobic exercise in subjects with type 1 diabetes: The ACTION‐1 study
Authors: De Ridder Francesca , Ledeganck Kristien J. , De Winter Benedicte , Braspenning Rie , Delbeke Danaë , Renard Eric , Pozzilli Paolo , Pieralice Silvia , Vissers Dirk , De Block Christophe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundExercise is part of type 1 diabetes (T1D) management due to its cardiovascular and metabolic benefits. However, despite using continuous glucose monitoring, many patients are reluctant to exercise because of fear for hypoglycaemia.AimsWe assessed trends in glucose, lactate and ketones during anaerobic and aerobic exercise in people with T1D and compared incremental area under the curve (AUC) between both exercises.MethodsTwenty‐one men with T1D (median [IQR]: age 29 years [28–38], body mass index (BMI) 24.4 kg/m2 [22.3–24.9], HbA1c 7.2% [6.7–7.8]), completed a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and a 60‐min aerobic exercise (AEX) at 60% VO2peak on an ergometer bicycle within a 6‐week period. Subjects consumed a standardised breakfast (6 kcal/kg, 20.2 g CHO/100 ml) before exercise without pre‐meal insulin and basal insulin for pump users.ResultsDuring CPET, glucose levels increased, peaking at 331 mg/dl [257–392] 1–3 h after exercise and reaching a nadir 6 h after exercise at 176 mg/dl [118–217]. Lactate levels peaked at 6.0 mmol/L [5.0–6.6] (max 13.5 mmol/L). During AEX, glucose levels also increased, peaking at 305 mg/dl [245–336] 80 min after exercise and reaching a nadir 6 h after exercise at 211 mg/dl [116–222]. Lactate levels rose quickly to a median of 4.3 mmol/L [2.7–6.7] after 10 min. Ketone levels were low during both tests (median ≤ 0.2 mmol/L). Lactate, but not glucose or ketone AUC, was significantly higher in CPET compared to AEX (p = 0.04).ConclusionsOmitting pre‐meal insulin and also basal insulin in pump users, did prevent hypoglycaemia but induced hyperglycaemia due to a too high carbohydrate ingestion. No ketosis was recorded during or after the exercises.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05097339
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) adolescents' disordered eating: Exploring general and SGM‐specific factors
Authors: Roberts Savannah R. , Maheux Anne J. , Watson Ryan J. , Puhl Rebecca M. , Choukas‐Bradley Sophia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveSexual and gender minority (SGM) adolescents disproportionately report disordered eating, yet have primarily been considered under a larger SGM umbrella. The current study 1) compared disordered eating between sexual minority (SM) and gender minority (GM) adolescents; 2) examined how general psychological factors (self‐esteem, depression, and stress) and SGM‐specific factors (e.g., feelings about SGM identity, access to SGM resources) were associated with disordered eating; and 3) examined whether associations between these factors differed for SM versus GM adolescents.MethodSGM adolescents in the U.S. (N = 8814; 35.0% GM; 43.7% cisgender girls; 66.9% White; Mage = 15.6) reported their disordered eating, depressive symptoms, stress, self‐esteem, and SGM‐related experiences on an anonymous, cross‐sectional online survey.ResultsGM adolescents exhibited a higher prevalence of clinical threshold disordered eating than SM adolescents. Self‐esteem was associated with lower odds of caloric restriction, purging, and binge eating. Depression was associated with higher odds of caloric restriction, diet pill use, purging, laxatives, and binge eating. Stress was associated with higher odds of purging. Associations were stronger for GM adolescents' caloric restriction. Positive feelings about SGM identity were associated with lower odds of caloric restriction, purging, and binge eating, whereas greater stress of “coming out” was associated with higher odds of caloric restriction, purging, and binge eating.DiscussionThese results suggest that SGM adolescents' disordered eating is associated with both general psychological factors and unique SGM experiences. Results highlight the importance of considering how the unique experiences of SGM youth may leave them vulnerable to disordered eating behaviors.Public Significance StatementSexual and gender minority (SGM) youth are disproportionately affected by disordered eating. The current study found that higher depression and stress, and lower self‐esteem, were associated with SGM adolescents' disordered eating. Furthermore, unique SGM experiences, such as stress about coming out, were also associated with eating pathology. Results highlight the importance of considering SGM adolescents' perceptions of their identity and social support.
eDNA metabarcoding of log hollow sediments and soils highlights the importance of substrate type, frequency of sampling and animal size, for vertebrate species detection
Authors: Ryan Ethan , Bateman Philip , Fernandes Kristen , van der Heyde Mieke , Nevill Paul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFauna monitoring often relies on visual monitoring techniques such as camera trapping, which have biases leading to underestimates of vertebrate species diversity. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has emerged as a new source of biodiversity data that may improve biomonitoring; however, eDNA‐based assessments of species richness remain relatively untested in terrestrial environments. We investigated the suitability of fallen log hollow sediment as a source of vertebrate eDNA, across two sites in southwestern Australia—one with a Mediterranean climate and the other semi‐arid. We compared two different approaches (camera trapping and eDNA metabarcoding) for monitoring of vertebrate species, and investigated the effect of other factors (frequency of species, timing of visits, frequency of sampling, and body size) on vertebrate species detectability. Metabarcoding of hollow sediments resulted in the detection of higher species richness in comparison (29 taxa: six birds, three reptiles, and 20 mammals) to metabarcoding of soil at the entrance of the hollow (13 taxa: three birds, two reptiles, and eight mammals). We detected 31 taxa in total with eDNA metabarcoding and 47 with camera traps, with 14 taxa detected by both (12 mammals and two birds). By comparing camera trap data with eDNA read abundance, we were able to detect vertebrates through eDNA metabarcoding that had visited the area up to two months prior to sample collection. Larger animals were more likely to be detected, and so were vertebrates that were identified multiple times in the camera traps. These findings demonstrate the importance of substrate selection, frequency of sampling, and animal size, on eDNA‐based monitoring. Future eDNA experimental design should consider all these factors as they affect detection of target taxa.
Arabinogalactan, Bifidobacterium longum, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii improve insulin resistance in high‐fat diet‐induced C57BL/6J mice
Authors: He Huijun , Sun Yonggan , Zhang Shanshan , Zhang Hao , Su Wenwen , Guo Zheyu , Zhang Yanli , Wen Jiajia , Li Xiajialong , Hu Jielun , Nie Shaoping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe occurrence and development of insulin resistance (IR) are usually related to the change of gut microbiota. Our previous study showed that arabinogalactan (AG) could selectively increase the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium longum and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in in vitro fermentation. However, their effect on IR remains unclear. In the current study, we investigated the effects of AG, B. longum, F. prausnitzii and their combinations on insulin‐resistant mice. Intake of AG and those two strains reduced the body weight, fat accumulation, and homeostasis model assessment of IR of the mice with IR, and decreased the level of serum glucose, insulin, and lipids. Meanwhile, they could alleviate the injury of the liver. Moreover, AG, B. longum, and F. prausnitzii regulated the production of short‐chain fatty acids and elevated the abundance of gut probiotics such as Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Bifidobacterium. However, the effect of giving only AG or a single strain was weaker than the combination of AG, B. longum, and F. prausnitzii. Our study attempted to find a new way to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes in the early stage and provided evidence for new therapy against IR with a combination of prebiotics and two bacterial strains of gut origin.
Megaporous monolithic adsorbents for bioproduct recovery as prepared on the basis of nonwoven fabrics
Authors: Guo Yijia , Ali Wael , Schneider Anna , Salma Alaa , Mayer‐Gall Thomas , Gutmann Jochen S. , Fernandez Lahore Hector Marcelo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMegaporous adsorbents were prepared based on nonwoven polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics and functionalized by covalent modification with polyvinylamine (PVAm) or monotriazinyl‐β‐cyclodextrin‐substituted polyvinylamine (PVAm‐MCT‐β‐CD). Mechanical properties of the resulting fabrics were maintained, as judged by tensile strength tests and scanning electron microscopy. Exceptional porosity (≥82%) and preserved hydrodynamic characteristics (Pe ≥ 63) indicated excellent structural stability when packed. The performance of the constructed adsorbents was evaluated with high molecular weight (proteins) and low molecular weight (dyes) model compounds. The static binding capacity (SBC) for bovine serum albumin (BSA) was 79.7 ± 1.3 and 92.9 ± 8.2 mg/g for PVAm‐modified and PVAm‐MCT‐β‐CD‐modified fabrics, respectively. The mentioned materials also adsorbed Orange II, an acidic dye (92.4 ± 2.6 and 101.9 ± 2.6 mg/g, respectively), indicating that the hydrophobicity was a prevailing binding mechanism operating at a pH close to isoelectric point. SBC for lysozyme and toluidine blue O (TBO, a basic dye) onto PVAm‐MCT‐β‐CD functionalized PET was 52.7 ± 5.1 and 73.3 ± 0.6 mg/g, respectively. TBOs have also shown some affinity for PVAm functionalized PET, but this was most likely to be mediated by hydrophobicity. On the other hand, operating at a superficial velocity of 90 cm/h, dynamic binding capacity for BSA was 11.4 ± 3.5 and 2.5 ± 0.6 mg/g indicating the importance of possible aggregation mechanisms during protein binding at equilibrium. Thus, PET‐based adsorbents require further functional improvement for chromatography applications. However, the easy‐to‐construct, scalable nonwoven adsorbents deserve further attention as a potential alternative to packed‐bed‐chromatography adsorbents.
Electron ionization mass spectrometry: Quo vadis?
Authors: Maciel Edvaldo Vasconcelos Soares , Pereira dos Santos Natalia Gabrielly , Vargas Medina Deyber Arley , Lanças Fernando Mauro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMass spectrometry (MS) is a fundamental technique to identify compounds by their mass‐to‐charge ratio. It is known that MS can only detect target compounds when they are converted to ions in the gas phase. The ionization procedure is considered one of the most critical steps, and there are distinct techniques for it. One of them is electron ionization (EI), a widely used hard‐ionization technique capable of generating several ions due to the excess energy employed. The existence of distinct ionization mechanisms turns EI capable of producing a fingerprint‐like spectrum for each molecule. So, it is an essential technique for obtaining structural information. EI is often combined with chromatography to obtain a practical introduction of pretreated samples despite its excellent performance. EI–MS has been applied coupled with gas chromatography (GC) since the 1960s as both are very compatible. Currently, analytes of interest are more suitable for liquid chromatography (LC) analysis, so there are researchers dedicated to developing suitable interfaces for coupling LC and EI–MS. EI excels, as a reliable technique to fill the gap between GC and LC, possibly allowing them to coexist in a single instrument. In this work, the authors will present the fundamentals of EI–MS, emphasizing the development over the years, coupling with gas and LC, and future trends.
Microglia and status epilepticus in the immature brain
Authors: López‐Meraz Maria‐Leonor , Álvarez‐Croda Dulce‐Mariely 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMicroglia are the resident immune cells of the Central Nervous System (CNS), which are activated due to brain damage, as part of the neuroinflammatory response. Microglia undergo morphological and biochemical modifications during activation, adopting a pro‐inflammatory or an antiinflammatory state. In the developing brain, status epilepticus (SE) promotes microglia activation that is associated with neuronal injury in some areas of the brain, such as the hippocampus, thalamus, and amygdala. However, the timing of this activation, the anatomical pattern, and the morphological and biochemical characteristics of microglia in the immature brain are age‐dependent and have not been fully characterized. Therefore, this review focuses on the response of microglia to SE and its relationship to neurodegeneration.
Study on vertical multifracture propagations in deep shale reservoir with natural fracture network
Authors: Xu Xinqin , Tao Lei , Wang Heng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBuilding a complex fracture network in a deep shale gas reservoir during multicluster hydraulic fracturing is challenging. On the one hand, hydraulic fractures tend to propagate along shale bedding planes, thus leading to a limited hydraulic fracture height; on the other hand, under the effect of high in situ stress and weak plane of fractures, multihydraulic fractures can hardly initiate and propagate uniformly. All of these will jeopardize the performance of hydraulic fracturing. This paper considers the influence of natural fracture network, shale beddings, fracturing‐fluid leakage, and high in situ stresses, and builds a numerical model to simulate multifracture propagations along vertical direction during hydraulic fracturing in deep shale reservoirs. The model is developed based on the theory of solid–fluid coupling and finite element method with pore pressure cohesive element technique are used to simulate multicluster fracture initiation and propagation. Moreover, the model is verified by published experiment data, and a good agreement between model and experiment results is observed. The influences of pump rate and fracturing‐fluid viscosity on fracture geometry are discussed, and the flow dynamics around each perforation cluster under different perforation parameters are also studied. Finally, suggestions to improve overall outcome of multicluster hydraulic fracturing are also provided.
Joint spectrum sensing and resource allocation against byzantine attack in overlay cognitive radio networks
Authors: Gan Jipeng , Wu Jun , Li Pei , Chen Ze , Zhang Jia , Chen Zehao , He Jiangtao , Fan Shiyao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCognitive radio (CR) technology has emerged as a viable solution to solve the dilemma of spectrum scarcity and underutilization. It allows secondary users (SUs) to opportunistically access the primary user (PU) channel. Cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) further improves the accuracy of detecting spectrum availability by exploiting spatial diversity gain. However, the open nature of CR networks (CRNs) makes CSS process be prone to Byzantine attack, resulting in the excessive interference to the PU and the waste of spectrum resources. To this end, we propose a joint spectrum sensing and resource allocation scheme to defend against Byzantine attack. Specifically, we develop a probabilistic Byzantine attack model to characterize attack behaviors from malicious users (MUs) and evaluate its negative impact on the CSS performance. Then, the delivery evaluation mechanism is designed to evaluate the sensing performance of SUs and distinguish between normal users and MUs. Based on this, we propose a selection‐majority algorithm to improve CSS performance by exploiting sensing reports from MUs. To further solve the Byzantine attack, we propose a spectrum resource allocation algorithm, which allocates corresponding spectrum resources according to the historical behavior of SUs. By reducing the resources allocated to poorly performing SUs, this scheme incentivizes them to report correct sensing results and drive MUs to stop attacking or leave CRN. Extensive simulation results corroborate the correctness and effectiveness of our theoretical analysis and show that our proposed scheme can effectively resist Byzantine attack.
Room temperature liquid metals for flexible alkali metal‐chalcogen batteries
Authors: Ren Long , Zhang Bin‐Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFlexibility has become a certain trend in the development of secondary batteries to meet the requirements of wide portability and applicability. On account of their intrinsic high energy density, flexible alkali metal‐chalcogen batteries are attracting increasing interest. Although great advances have been made in promoting the electrochemical performance of metal‐S or metal‐Se batteries, explorations on flexible chalcogen‐based batteries are still limited. Extensive and rational use of soft materials for electrodes is the main bottleneck. The re‐emergence of safe liquid metals (LMs), which provide an ideal combination of metallic and fluidic properties at room temperature, offers a fascinating paradigm for constructing flexible chalcogen batteries. They may provide dendrite‐free anodes and restrain the dissolution of polysulfides and polyselenides for cathodes. From this perspective, we elaborate on the appealing features of LMs for the construction of flexible metal‐chalcogen batteries. Recent advances on LM‐based battery are discussed, covering novel liquid alkali metals as anodes and LM‐sulfur hybrids as cathodes, with the focus placed on durable high‐energy‐density output and self‐healing flexible capability. At last, perspectives are proposed on the future development of LM‐based chalcogen batteries, and the viable strategies to meet the current challenges that are obstructing more practical flexible chalcogen batteries.
New distributional records of Pallidogramme (lichenized ascomycota) from India with updated world key
Authors: Ingle Komal K. , Mishra Gaurav K. , Nayaka Sanjeeva , Upreti Dalip K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIndia harbours 12 species of Pallidogramme, including P. chapadana (Redinger) Staiger, Kalb & Lücking, which is being reported as new record for the country. In addition, two species, viz. P. bengalensis B.O. Sharma & Khadilkar and P. chrysenteron (Mont.) Staiger, Kalb & Lücking have their known distribution range within India expanded. A detailed description and illustrations are provided for the new country record and comments are made on expanded distribution ranges. A world key to all known species of Pallidogramme is provided.
Study on green extraction of limonene from orange peel and cascade catalysis to produce carvol and carvone in deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Li Zongquan , Ma Yunjian , Hollmann Frank , Wang Yonghua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCarvol and carvone are oxidation products from the natural product limonene. They are important raw materials for the flavours and fragrances industry and also act as pharmaceutical active ingredients. Orange waste peels possibly represent an attractive source for limonene, but studies on valorizing orange peel wastes are rare. In this study, we report a new enzymatic cascade system for the in‐situ conversion of limonene from orange peel into valued‐added carvol and carvone. The use of deep eutectic solvents (DES) allows for efficient in‐situ extraction of limonene from waste orange peels. We propose a dual function use of DES as solvent for the extraction and the biocatalytic oxidation of limonene as well as cosubstrate to promote the oxidation reaction. Using ChCl‐Pro‐H2O DES for the extraction of limonene from waste orange peels, approximately 17 milligrams of limonene per gram of orange peel was achieved at 40°C for 24 h. Then, with ChCl‐Pro‐H2O DES as the extractant and reaction medium, a cascade reaction system of choline oxidase (ChOx) and unspecific peroxygenase (UPO) was established to catalyse the conversion of limonene into carvol and carvone. The concentration of the final products was up to about 1.6 mmol L−1. This study showed a biocatalytic transformation pathway and provides technical support for the high‐value utilization of waste in orange peel.
Abnormal liver tests are not sufficient for diagnosis of hepatic graft‐versus‐host disease in critically ill patients
Authors: Yang Alexander H. , Han Mai Ai Thanda , Samala Niharika , Rizvi Bisharah S. , Marchalik Rachel , Etzion Ohad , Wright Elizabeth C. , Patel Ruchi , Khan Vinshi , Kapuria Devika , Samala Venkat Vikramaditya , Kleiner David E. , Koh Christopher , Kanakry Jennifer A. , Kanakry Christopher G. , Pavletic Steven , Williams Kirsten M. , Heller Theo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Hepatic graft‐versus‐host disease (HGVHD) contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Clinical findings and liver biomarkers are neither sensitive nor specific. The relationship between clinical and histologic diagnoses of HGVHD was assessed premortem and at autopsy. Medical records from patients who underwent HSCT at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center between 2000 and 2012 and expired with autopsy were reviewed, and laboratory tests within 45 days of death were divided into 15‐day periods. Clinical diagnosis of HGVHD was based on Keystone Criteria or NIH Consensus Criteria, histologic diagnosis based on bile duct injury without significant inflammation, and exclusion of other potential etiologies. We included 37 patients, 17 of whom had a cholestatic pattern of liver injury and two had a mixed pattern. Fifteen were clinically diagnosed with HGVHD, two showed HGVHD on autopsy, and 13 had histologic evidence of other processes but no HGVHD. Biopsy or clinical diagnosis of GVHD of other organs during life did not correlate with HGVHD on autopsy. The diagnostic accuracy of the current criteria was poor (κ = −0.20). A logistic regression model accounting for dynamic changes included peak bilirubin 15 days before death, and an increase from period −30 (days 30 to 16 before death) to period −15 (15 days before death) showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.77. Infection was the immediate cause of death in 68% of patients. In conclusion, liver biomarkers at baseline and GVHD elsewhere are poor predictors of HGVHD on autopsy, and current clinical diagnostic criteria have unsatisfactory performance. Peak bilirubin and cholestatic injury predicted HGVHD on autopsy. A predictive model was developed accounting for changes over time. Further validation is needed.