bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological Assessment using Modified DASS-21 Scale during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Priya K. Bharathi , Anilkumar Alwin , Alexander Sona Elsa E , Dinesh T. , Akash S. 
Published: August 2022

Aims: To assess the levels of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during COVID-19 pandemic and to compare the levels of psychological morbidities, between two different geographical locations in India.
Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study
Place and Duration of Study: Kerala and Tamil Nadu, between March 2021 and August 2021.
Methodology: A total of 522 participants got enrolled for the study, while 505 participants comprising 256 males and 249 females were selected, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to assess the level of distress experienced by the study population.
Results: The sample size was calculated to be around 385 fixing a 95% confidence interval, 5% margin of error with a population proportion of 50% and of unlimited population size. Depression level among male (38%) was slightly higher than female population (37%). Anxiety levels were similar among the male (42%) and female (42%). Stress level was found to be slightly higher in female (22%) than in male (19%). State wise comparison showed that the people of Tamil Nadu had slightly higher level of depression (44%), anxiety (49%) and stress (26%) than the people of Kerala. The parameter of anxiety seemed to be higher when compared with depression and stress. 38% of the population suffered from all the 3 mental health conditions. 32% had at least 2 mental health related trouble. 11% had no mental health issue.
Conclusion: The study reveals that COVID pandemic had definitely created a lot of psychological instability amongst the general public. Our findings propose that constructing a sense of self-management among the general population through providing proper awareness about psychological morbidities and develop necessary interventions that can improve the mental health of vulnerable groups which may be crucial in ensuring preparedness for high contesting environments and adjustments during such pandemic experiences.
Comparison of the OSDI Questionnaire, the Tear Film Break-up Time and Schirmer Tests for the Evaluation of Tear Film in Computer users and Contact Lenses without Dry Eye Symptoms
Authors: K. Gialelis Themistoklis , E. Mouzaka Aikaterini , Chouzouris Michail 
Published: August 2022

Aims: To compare the diagnostic values of the OSDI, the Schirmer’s and tear film breakup time test to check for dry eye in healthy adult students using computers and contact lenses.
Methodology: Our sample consisted of hundred (100) eyes from fifty (50) healthy adults aged 18-24 years students at the University of West Attica (25 participants were contact lens wearers, while the remaining 25 were not). All participants were exposed to a computer screen or a mobile screen. Qualitative tear measurement was performed with Tear Break-Up Time Test (TBUT), quantitative measurement of tears with Schirmer Test and use of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI).
Results: During the analysis of the results, it was found that OSDI was inversely proportional to the TBUT test and the Schirmer test. 60% did not have dry eye, 34% had a mild dry eye, 4% had moderate dry eye and 2% had severe dry eye. Α statistically significant relationship existed between OSDI and the other variables as well as the TBUT test with Schirmer test (p-value <0.05).
Conclusion: The OSDI questionnaire, used in conjunction with the TBUT test, was easy to perform and could be helpful in supporting the diagnosis of dry eye syndrome.
External Validation of the Lupus Multivariable Outcome Score for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Trials
Authors: Abrahamowicz Michal , Abrahamowicz Maria Izabela , Lipsky Peter E. 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveDevelopment of new systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treatments requires an effective responder index. Toward this end, we have recently developed a new Lupus Multivariable Outcome Score (LuMOS) to optimize discrimination between actively treated patients and those on placebo. We now report on external validation of LuMOS in two independent clinical trials.MethodsValidation was performed with the Illuminate data sets that evaluated tabalumab (TB) in SLE. To accommodate laboratory results assessed on different platforms, we developed a standardized LuMOS 2.0 model that uses z score transformations of biomarker values. For validation, we calculated LuMOS 2.0 scores at week 52 for all participants. Effect size (ES), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), compared the ability of LuMOS and the SLE Responder Index‐5 (SRI‐5) to discriminate between outcomes in patients randomized to TB dosage and outcomes in those randomized to a placebo.ResultsMean LuMOS 2.0 scores were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) for the TB groups than the placebo group, including the Illuminate‐1 trial, in which the SRI‐5 did not identify significant treatment effects. For both TB groups in both trials, LuMOS 2.0–based ES indicated moderately strong treatment effects (>0.4) in contrast to weak SRI‐5 effects (<0.25). For monthly TB, LuMOS 2.0–based ES were 0.44 (95% CI: 0.30‐0.59) and 0.54 (95% CI: 0.39‐0.68) for the Illuminate‐1 and Illuminate‐2 trials versus corresponding SRI‐5‐based ES of 0.13 (95% CI: −0.02 to +0.27) and 0.15 (95% CI: 0.01‐0.30).ConclusionLuMOS 2.0 detected significantly greater treatment effects compared with the SRI‐5 in the Illuminate trials. Additional validation of LuMOS 2.0 in trials of non–B cell–directed therapies will be necessary to document its universality as an outcome measure.
Microrobots with Antimicrobial Peptide Nanoarchitectonics for the Eradication of Antibiotic‐Resistant Biofilms
Authors: Milosavljevic Vedran , Kosaristanova Ludmila , Dolezelikova Kristyna , Adam Vojtech , Pumera Martin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBacterial biofilms are composed of a consortium of bacteria that communicate with each other through quorum sensing. Therefore, bacteria can form an extracellular matrix, which is a mucus composed of exopolysaccharides, peptidoglycans, and extracellular DNA, through these communication molecules. The matrix protects the community of bacteria from the adverse effects of the external environment, including antibiotics, biocides, and eradicating agents. Self‐propelled functional microrobots offer great promises in the biomedical field. The self‐propelled microrobots represent an innovative platform in microrobotic research, aiming to have an important role in the biomedical field. One of the potential applications is removal of bacterial biofilms. Herein, the specific design of multifunctional microrobots is demonstrated using antimicrobial‐designed peptides for eradication of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)‐produced biofilms. The designed microrobots can perform various tasks, including autonomous navigation toward bacterial cells, mechanical entry into bacterial biofilms, and blockage of the replication of bacterial DNA by indolicidin peptides. The implemented design extends the microrobot applications not only to the removal of biological aggregates but also to the delivery and release of drugs or even target manipulation, demonstrating their great potential for use in biomedical research.
Non‐Invasive Transdermal Delivery Systems with Deep Tissue Penetrating Ability for Local ROS‐Modulating Chemotherapy
Authors: Deng ChengYu , Zhuang Rong , Ying ZhuoYang , Tu Jiasheng , Xu Xianghui , Sun Chunmeng , Jiang Lei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCutaneous melanoma is the deadliest malignant skin cancer due to its poor prognosis, rapid local growth, and high metastasis. Transdermal administration for local drug delivery would be one of the most appropriate therapy regimens. However, promoting drug penetration into deep tumor tissue and maintaining the balance of redox homeostasis during the antitumor treatment to inhibit melanoma progression remains a great challenge in melanoma treatment. Herein, non‐invasive transdermal delivery systems are reported for melanoma treatment, which is composed of biocompatible hydrogel and penetrating nanocarriers. Highly penetrating nanocarriers can co‐deliver paclitaxel and coenzyme Q10 for inhibiting melanoma and reducing side effects, which are attributed to drug encapsulation, deep tissue penetration, high cellular uptake, and organelle targeting. More importantly, biocompatible hydrogels serve as nanocarriers platforms for melanoma location and transdermal delivery. This hierarchical nanoparticle‐hydrogel system achieves high‐efficiency non‐invasive transdermal delivery for inhibiting melanoma, blocking adverse effects, and restraining melanoma development.
Enabling High‐Voltage “Superconcentrated Ionogel‐in‐Ceramic” Hybrid Electrolyte with Ultrahigh Ionic Conductivity and Single Li+‐Ion Transference Number
Authors: Zhai Yanfang , Hou Wangshu , Tao Mingming , Wang Zhongting , Chen Zongyuan , Zeng Zhong , Liang Xiao , Paoprasert Peerasak , Yang Yong , Hu Ning , Song Shufeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHigh room‐temperature ionic conductivities, large Li+‐ion transference numbers, and good compatibility with both Li‐metal anodes and high‐voltage cathodes of the solid electrolytes are the essential requirements for practical solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries. Herein, a unique “superconcentrated ionogel‐in‐ceramic” (SIC) electrolyte prepared by an in situ thermally initiated radical polymerization is reported. Solid‐state static7Li NMR and molecular dynamics simulation reveal the roles of ceramic in Li+local environments and transport in the SIC electrolyte. The SIC electrolyte not only exhibits an ultrahigh ionic conductivity of 1.33 × 10−3S cm−1at 25 °C, but also a Li+‐ion transference number as high as 0.89, together with a low electronic conductivity of 3.14 × 10−10S cm−1and a wide electrochemical stability window of 5.5 V versus Li/Li+. Applications of the SIC electrolyte in Li||LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2and Li||LiFePO4batteries further demonstrate the high rate and long cycle life. This study, therefore, provides a promising hybrid electrolyte for safe and high‐energy lithium‐metal batteries.
Tropocollagen‐Inspired Hierarchical Spiral Structure of Organic Fibers in Epoxy Bulk for 3D High Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Chen Xin , Wu Kai , Zhang Yongzheng , Liu Dingyao , Li Runlai , Fu Qiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPolymers are usually considered thermal insulators; however, significant enhancements in thermal conductivity (k) have been observed in oriented fibers and films. Despite being advantageous in real‐world applications, extending the linear thermal‐transport advantage of polymers into the 3D space in bulk materials is still limited due to the spatially interfacial phonon‐conduction barriers. Herein, inspired by the structure of tropocollagen, it is discovered that weaving hierarchically arranged poly(p‐phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibers with a spiral configuration into an epoxy matrix can yield a 3D continuous thermal pathway. This achieves both a through‐plane k of 10.85 W m−1 K−1 and an in‐plane k of 7.15 W m−1 K−1. Theoretical molecular simulations in combination with classical nonlinear modeling attribute the above spatially thermally conductive achievement to not only the hierarchical molecular, spiral and weaving structure of PBO, but also the noncrystalline chains that carry overlapping phonon density of states, thus thermally bridging adjacent high‐k crystals in the PBO fiber. Consequently, the interfacial thermal resistance among high‐k PBO crystals is suppressed to be on the order of 10−10 m2 K W−1 in both the through‐plane and in‐plane directions. Other advantages include being lightweight, mechanically strong, flexible, and non‐combustible. This material creates opportunities for organic polymers in high‐performance thermal management applications.
Dewetting‐Assisted Interface Templating: Complex Emulsions to Multicavity Particles
Authors: Yandrapalli Naresh , Antonietti Markus 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInterfacial tension‐driven formation of intricate microparticle geometries from complex emulsions is presented in this work. Emulsion‐templating is a reliable platform for the generation of a diverse set of microparticles. Here, water‐in‐styrene‐in‐water complex emulsions undergo reproducible metamorphosis, i.e., from liquid state emulsions to solid structured microparticles are employed. In contrast to the traditional usage of glass‐based microfluidics, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) swelling behavior is employed to generate complex emulsions with multiple inner cores. In the presence of block copolymer surfactant, these emulsions undergo gravity‐driven dewetting of styrene, to transform into membranous structures with compartments. Further polymerization of styrene skeletal remains resulted in microparticles with interesting geometries and intact membranes. Mechanical and confocal microscopic studies prove the absence of polystyrene within these membranes. Using osmotic pressure, membrane rupture and release of encapsulated gold nanoparticles from such polymerized emulsions leading up to applications in cargo delivery and membrane transport are promoted. Even after membrane rupture, the structured microparticles have shown interesting light‐scattering behavior for applications in structural coloring and biosensing. Thereby, proving PDMS‐based swelling as a potential methodology for reproducible production of complex emulsions with a potential to be transformed into membranous emulsions or solid microparticles with intricate structures and multiple applications.
Reappraisal of telesurgery in the era of high‐speed, high‐bandwidth, secure communications: Evaluation of surgical performance in local and remote environments
Authors: Takahashi Yoshiya , Hakamada Kenichi , Morohashi Hajime , Akasaka Harue , Ebihara Yuma , Oki Eiji , Hirano Satoshi , Mori Masaki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimCommunication and video transmission delays negatively affect telerobotic surgery. Since latency varies by communication environment and robot, to realize remote surgery, both must perform well. This study aims to examine the feasibility of telerobotic surgery by validating the communication environment and local/remote robot operation, using secure commercial lines and newly developed robots.MethodsHirosaki University and Mutsu General Hospital, 150 km apart, were connected via a Medicaroid surgical robot. Ten surgeons performed a simple task remotely using information encoding and decoding. The required bandwidth, delay time, task completion time, number of errors, and image quality were evaluated. Next, 11 surgeons performed a complex task using gallbladder and intestinal models in local/remote environments; round trip time (RTT), packet loss, time to completion, operator fatigue, operability, and image were observed locally and remotely.ResultsImage quality was not so degraded as to affect remote robot operation. Median RTT was 4 msec (2‐12), and added delay was 29 msec. There was no significant difference in accuracy or number of errors for cholecystectomy, intestinal suturing, completion time, surgeon fatigue, or image evaluation.ConclusionThe fact that remote surgery succeeded equally to local surgery showed that this system has the necessary elemental technology for widespread social implementation.
Low‐dose dasatinib 50 mg/day versus standard‐dose dasatinib 100 mg/day as frontline therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase: A propensity score analysis
Authors: Jabbour Elias , Sasaki Koji , Haddad Fadi G. , Issa Ghayas C. , Skinner Jeffrey , Dellasala Sara , Yilmaz Musa , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Bose Prithviraj , Thompson Philip , Alvarado Yesid , Jain Nitin , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Takahashi Koichi , Borthakur Gautam , Pemmaraju Naveen , Pierce Sherry , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLow‐dose dasatinib is safe and effective in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML‐CP). No randomized trials have compared the outcome with standard‐dose dasatinib. This study aims to compare the outcome of patients with CML‐CP treated with frontline dasatinib 50 versus 100 mg/day. We analyzed 233 patients with newly diagnosed CML‐CP treated with low‐dose dasatinib (N = 83) or standard‐dose dasatinib (N = 150). Propensity score analysis with 1:1 matching was performed and identified 77 patients in each cohort without significant baseline differences. Response rates were reported as the cumulative incidences of complete cytogenetic response, major molecular response (MMR), molecular response (MR)4, and MR4.5. Failure‐free survival (FFS), event‐free survival (EFS), transformation‐free survival (TFS), and overall survival (OS) were also compared. Patients on low‐dose dasatinib with suboptimal response by European LeukemiaNet (ELN) 2013 criteria had the option to increase the dose to 100 mg/day. The overall median follow‐up time was 60 months. The 3‐year MMR rates were 92% and 84% for low‐dose and standard‐dose dasatinib, respectively (p = .23). Dasatinib 50 mg/day induced higher cumulative incidence of MR4 (77% vs. 66%; p = .04) and MR4.5 (77% vs. 62%; p = .02) at 3 years. The 4‐year FFS, EFS and OS rates were 89% versus 77% (p = .04), 95% versus 92% (p = .06), and 97% versus 96% (p = .78) with low‐dose and standard‐dose dasatinib, respectively. The rate of any grade pleural effusion was 5% with dasatinib 50 mg/day compared to 21% with 100 mg/day. Dasatinib 50 mg/day is at least as effective as 100 mg/day with a better safety profile and drug exposure.
Cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations between gut microbiota composition and cognition in the second year of life: Findings from the Child Health and Resident Microbes study
Authors: Matsuyama Misa , Murtaza Nida , Morrison Mark , Davies Peter S.W. , Hill Rebecca J. , Loughman Amy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe relationship between the gut microbiota and brain function are receiving increasing research attention. Studies investigating gut microbiota and early childhood neurocognition are limited, particularly in longitudinal measurements. We examined cross‐sectional relationships between gut microbiota of a cohort of otherwise healthy children using 16S rRNA sequencing and their cognitive development measured with Bayley's Scales of Infant Development III at 24 months of age (n = 43), and longitudinal relationships between gut microbiota composition at 12 months (n = 41) of age and neurodevelopment at 24 months of age. Associations between gut microbiota characteristics and cognitive development were observed both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally, notably with butyrate producing bacteria among some children. Bacterial diversity varied between cross‐sectional and longitudinal observations, where the gut microbiota community of children with lower cognitive scores had a trend toward higher alpha diversity, whereas, in the longitudinal observation, a trend toward reduced alpha diversity was observed. This study is limited by a small sample size and its exploratory nature. Yet, the study contributes to knowledge in the gut microbiota characteristics and early life neurodevelopment, a field of study which is underexplored, presenting opportunities for future larger specific studies.
Research progress on the relationship between intestinal microecology and intestinal bowel disease
Authors: Fu Qianhui , Song Tianyuan , Ma Xiaoqin , Cui Jian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntestinal microecology is the main component of human microecology. Intestinal microecology consists of intestinal microbiota, intestinal epithelial cells, and intestinal mucosal immune system. These components are interdependent and establish a complex interaction network that restricts each other. According to the impact on the human body, there are three categories of symbiotic bacteria, opportunistic pathogens, and pathogenic bacteria. The intestinal microecology participates in digestion and absorption, and material metabolism, and inhibits the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. It also acts as the body's natural immune barrier, regulates the innate immunity of the intestine, controls the mucosal barrier function, and also participates in the intestinal epithelial cells' physiological activities such as hyperplasia or apoptosis. When the steady‐state balance of the intestinal microecology is disturbed, the existing core intestinal microbiota network changes and leads to obesity, diabetes, and many other diseases, especially irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colorectal malignancy. Intestinal diseases, including tumors, are particularly closely related to intestinal microecology. This article systematically discusses the research progress on the relationship between IBD and intestinal microecology from the pathogenesis, treatment methods of IBD, and the changes in intestinal microbiota.
Low Heart Rate Is Associated with Cerebral Pulsatility after TIA or Minor Stroke
Authors: Webb Alastair J.S. , Wartolowska Karolina A. , Li Linxin , Rothwell Peter M. 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveBeta‐blockers are beneficial in coronary artery disease but less so in stroke prevention and dementia, potentially due to reduced heart rate (HR). Cerebral pulsatility is strongly associated with cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and may be increased by lower diastolic pressures resulting from longer cardiac cycles.MethodsPatients 4–6 weeks after TIA or non‐disabling stroke (Oxford Vascular Study) underwent 5 minutes continuous monitoring of blood pressure (BP), electrocardiogram (ECG), and middle cerebral artery flow velocity (transcranial ultrasound). Beat‐to‐beat relationships between HR, blood pressure and Gosling's pulsatility index (MCA‐PI) are reported as beta‐coefficients from general linear models for each individual.ResultsAcross 759 patients, average MCA‐PI during monitoring was associated with lower HR and diastolic BP (DBP) and greater systolic BP (SBP) (∆MCA‐PI per 10 bpm/mmHg: −0.02, −0.04, 0.03, all p < 0.001), with HR particularly associated with low end‐diastolic cerebral velocity (0.86, p = 0.014). Beat‐to‐beat HR was strongly associated with concurrent low DBP and high SBP, potentially mediating the association with greater beat‐to‐beat cerebral pulsatility (average ∆MCA‐PI vs HR/DBP/SBP unadjusted: −0.062, −0.052, 0.0092; adjusted for concurrent BP: −0.039, −0.11, 0.041). The beat‐to‐beat association between HR and MCA‐PI increased with age, beta‐blockers, arterial stiffness, low HR (age > 70 + HR < 65 vs age < 70 + HR > 65: −0.081 vs −0.024, interaction p < 0.001), and severe SVD on MRI (age > 70 + severe vs age < 70 + none: −0.087 vs −0.047, interaction p = 0.03), with interactions between age, severe SVD, and low HR synergistically increasing MCA‐PI.InterpretationLow HR is associated with greater cerebral pulsatility in patients with SVD, potentially mediated by lower diastolic blood flow and representing a novel potential treatment target. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:909–920