bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Static and dynamic topological organization of brain functional connectome in acute mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Li Weigang , Ding Shaohua , Zhao Guoqian 
Published: June 2022

Background Prior studies have detected topological changes of brain functional networks in patients with acute mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). However, the alterations of dynamic topological characteristics in mTBI have been scarcely elucidated. Purpose To evaluate static and dynamic functional connectivity topological networks in patients with acute mTBI using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Material and Methods A total of 55 patients with acute mTBI and 55 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. All participants underwent resting-state fMRI scans, and data were analyzed using graph-theory methods and a sliding window approach. Post-traumatic cognitive performance and resting-state fMRI data were collected within one week after injury. Static and dynamic functional connectivity patterns were determined by independent component analysis. Spearman’s correlation analysis was further performed between fMRI changes and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scores. Results Global efficiency was lower ( P = 0.02), and local efficiency ( P < 0.001) and mean Cp ( P < 0.001) were higher in patients with acute mTBI than in HCs. Local efficiency was correlated with visuospatial/executive performance ( r = −0.421; P = 0.002) in patients with acute mTBI. Significant differences in nodal efficiency and node degree centrality ( P < 0.01) were found between the mTBI and HC groups. For dynamic properties, patients with mTBI showed higher variance ( P = 0.016) in global efficiency than HCs. Conclusions The present study shows that patients with mTBI have abnormal brain functional connectome topology, especially the dynamic graph theory characteristics, which provide new insights into the role of topological network properties in patients with acute mTBI.
A scoping review of interventions using occupation to improve mental health or mental wellbeing in adolescent populations
Authors: Parsonage-Harrison Jackie , Birken Mary , Harley David , Dawes Helen , Eklund Mona 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionOccupation-based interventions could help to address a growing mental health crisis among young people and adolescents. To develop new interventions and avoid research waste, a review of the academic literature is needed that systematically identifies and describes interventions designed to improve the mental health and wellbeing of 11–25 year-olds.AimThe scoping review aims to systematically review the academic, literature to identify and describe key characteristics of intervention studies using occupation to improve adolescents’ and young people’s mental health and wellbeing, exploring the range of interventions, reviewing reporting quality and illuminating gaps for further research.MethodAn iteratively developed scoping review protocol informs a systematic database search and review of the literature. Core characteristics are extracted and described, using the TIDIER guidelines and the CASP assessment tool.ResultsFive occupational therapy-based interventions, and 69 other occupation-based studies representing a wide breadth of approaches, outcomes and settings were identified.ConclusionsRobust development, testing and reporting of occupation-based and occupation-focused intervention studies to promote and support mental health and wellbeing in adolescents and young people are needed. Interventions should be co-designed, developmentally appropriate and scaffold development. However, better agreement is needed about core outcomes measurement in this area.
Continuous local antibiotic perfusion: A treatment strategy that allows implant retention in fracture-related infections
Authors: Maruo Akihiro , Oda Takahiro , Mineo Ryowa , Miya Hidetoshi , Muratsu Hirotsugu , Fukui Tomoaki , Oe Keisuke , Kuroda Ryosuke , Niikura Takahiro 
Published: June 2022

Purpose Fracture-related infections are difficult to treat because of the formation of biofilms around implants. Systemic antibiotics are notoriously ineffective against biofilms due to their insufficient penetration of tissues with poor vascularity. The goal of treating fracture-related infections is to achieve bone union while retaining the implant. Our proposal of continuous local antibiotic perfusion is a sustained local delivery system of sufficient antibiotics to bone and soft tissue infection sites, including to bone marrow via needles as intra-medullary antibiotics perfusion and to soft-tissue via double-lumen subcutaneous tubes as intra-soft tissue perfusion. Methods In this study, we examined the outcomes of 40 patients treated for fracture-related infections using continuous local antibiotic perfusion between 2015 and 2021 at Steel Memorial Hirohata Hospital, Himeji, Japan. Result The antibiotic used for continuous local antibiotic perfusion was gentamicin in all cases. Implant removal was required in five patients. Two patients required toe amputation and knee arthrodesis, while the remaining 38 patients achieved fracture union. Only one case of transient acute renal injury as a systemic side effect was observed, but it soon resolved. The blood concentration of gentamicin could be adjusted to less than the trough level. Conclusions Continuous local antibiotic perfusion is a novel local drug delivery system that has the potential of delivering sufficient concentrations of antibiotics with few systemic side effects; it is a useful option for the treatment of fracture-related infections.
Endovascular Thrombectomy and Lysis for Acute Renal Vein Thrombosis: Indications, Technical Aspects, Outcome, and Disease Etiology
Authors: Low Rachel , Crane Jeremy , Sackey Fred , Malina Martin 
Published: June 2022

Purpose: To report a rare case of acute renal vein thrombosis (RVT) that was treated with endovascular thrombectomy and lysis, and discuss potential etiology and indications for catheter-directed management. Case report: A 21-year-old female athlete presented with sudden pain in her left flank and vomiting. A 3-phase computed tomography (CT) angiogram identified total occlusion of the left renal vein with no excretion from the swollen tender left kidney. Catheter-directed thrombolysis and thrombectomy were initiated 24 hours after onset of symptoms. Complete resolution of the RVT with normalized renal function was achieved. Post-operative Doppler ultrasound scan confirmed normal renal resistance and flow in the renal vein. The patient was discharged on Apixaban and remains well at 6 months. Combined hormonal contraception via an intra-vaginal ring and raised Factor VIII activity were the only identified risk factors. Conclusion: Acute complete RVT with impaired kidney function is rare. Combined hormonal contraception and increased Factor VIII activity were potential risk factors. Endovascular thrombectomy and lysis restored renal perfusion and function, and can be used effectively in the management of fit patients with acutely compromised kidney function from total renal vein obstruction.
Surgeons’ Recommendations for Return to Work After Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: von Bergen Tobias N. , Reid Risa , Delarosa Matthew , Gaul John , Chadderdon Christopher 
Published: June 2022

Background: Recommendations and expectations regarding return to work (RTW) after carpal tunnel release (CTR) are often inconsistent. The study aim was to describe preferences of American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH) members for perioperative management of patients following CTR, emphasizing surgeon preference regarding RTW. Methods: A survey was sent to all ASSH members with active e-mail addresses. The primary outcome was the recommended time frame for patients to RTW full duty. Secondarily, associated factors with RTW were evaluated. Results: In total, 4109 e-mail surveys were sent with 632 responses (15%). The highest proportion of respondents perform >100 CTRs per year (43.2%), have been practicing for >20 years (38.1%), and perform CTR using standard, open approach at outpatient surgery centers. The primary surgeon made recommendations about RTW in 99.5% of cases. For desk-based duties, the median recommended RTW time was 3 days; for duties requiring repetitive, light lifting of <10 lbs, the median recommended RTW time was 10 days; and for heavy manual duties, the median recommended RTW time was 30 days after CTR, according to the respondents. The 3 factors considered most influential for RTW were type of work, employer support, and financial considerations. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates consistency among ASSH members in the perioperative management of CTR patients. The most important factors affecting RTW were type of work performed, employer support, and financial considerations. This study provides a meaningful foundation to manage expectations and guide patients, medical providers, and employers on the amount of time likely to be missed from work after CTR.
Assessing the stab resistive performance of material extruded body armour specimens
Authors: Cicek Umur Ibrahim , Southee Darren John , Johnson Andrew Allan 
Published: June 2022

This paper investigates the effect of material extruded body armour specimen size on stab penetration depth and back-face signature (BFS) and establishes the minimum thickness required for a series of material extrusion materials to provide protection against the UK Home Office Scientific Development Branch (HOSDB) body armour KR1-E1 requirements. In stage one, material extruded planar test specimens ranging from 40 × 40 mm to 80 × 80 mm in length and width with 10 mm increments at three different thicknesses, 6, 8 and 10 mm, were stab tested under 24 joules of impact energy using a gravity driven drop test apparatus. In stage two, 50 × 50 mm specimens in six material categories, PC, ABS, PLA, TPLA, PA and TPU, were manufactured at different thicknesses via material extrusion and impacted in accordance with the UK HOSDB KR1-E1 stab impact energy level as they were the optimum size when considering overall stab and BFS performance. The study established the fundamental steps towards the use of material extrusion in future personal protection solutions. Results demonstrated that stab penetration and BFS were dependent on specimen size, thickness and material type, and there was an inverse relationship between stab penetration depth and BFS. Also, a minimum thickness of 5 mm for PC and TPLA, 6 mm for ABS, 7 mm for PLA, 11 mm for PA and 12 mm for TPU, with 100% print density, was required in order to provide protection against the HOSDB KR1-E1 level of 24 J stab impact energy.
The association between prothrombin time-international normalized ratio and long-term mortality in patients with coronary artery disease: a large cohort retrospective study with 44,662 patients
Authors: Liu Liwei , Ying Ming , Chen Shiqun , Li Qiang , Chen Guanzhong , Li Huanqiang , Mai Ziling , He Yibo , Wang Bo , Xu Danyuan , Huang Zhidong , Yan Xiaoming , Tan Ning , Chen Zhujun , Liu Jin , Liu Yong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The association between prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR) and long-term prognosis among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) without atrial fibrillation or anticoagulant therapy was still unclear. We analyzed the association of PT-INR levels and long-term mortality in a large cohort of CAD patients without atrial fibrillation or using of anticoagulant drugs.

Methods
We obtained data from 44,662 patients who were diagnosed with CAD and had follow-up information from January 2008 to December 2018. The patients were divided into 4 groups (Quartile 1: PT-INR ≤ 0.96; Quartile2: 0.96 < PT-INR ≤ 1.01; Quartile3: 1.01 < PT-INR ≤ 1.06; Quartile4: PT-INR > 1.06). The main endpoint was long-term all-cause death. Kaplan–Meier curve analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the association between quartiles of PT-INR levels and long-term all-cause mortality.

Results
During a median follow-up of 5.25 years, 5613 (12.57%) patients died. We observed a non-linear shaped association between PT-INR levels and long-term all-cause mortality. Patients in high PT-INR level (Quartile4: PT-INR > 1.06) showed a significantly higher long-term mortality than other groups (Quartile2 or 3 or 4), (Compared with Quartile 1, Quartile 2 [0.96 < PT-INR ≤ 1.01], aHR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.91–1.00, P = 0.99; Quartile 3 [1.01 < PT-INR ≤ 1.06], aHR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.01–1.20, P = 0.03; Quartile 4 [PT-INR > 1.06], aHR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.22–1.45, P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates high levels of PT-INR were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality.
Analysis of adverse drug events in pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease using spontaneous reporting system
Authors: Ozawa Takuya , Namkoong Ho , Takaya Risako , Takahashi Yusuke , Fukunaga Koichi , Enoki Yuki , Taguchi Kazuaki , Kizu Junko , Matsumoto Kazuaki , Hasegawa Naoki 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
In Japan, Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease (MAC-LD) is the most common in nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease. Patients often experience adverse events, resulting in the discontinuation of treatment, which causes treatment failure. The JADER (Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report) database is a database of adverse events that allows us to collect real-world data on adverse events. We can collect large-scale data cost-effectively and detect signals of potential adverse events such as reporting odds ratio (ROR) by using spontaneous reporting systems. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the adverse events of clarithromycin (CAM), ethambutol (EB), and rifampicin (RFP) using the JADER database.

Methods
We included cases of MAC-LD between April 2004 and June 2017. We investigated sex, age, and medications that may have caused the adverse events, outcomes, and time of onset. We calculated the safety signal index as the ROR. Time-to-event analysis was performed using the Weibull distribution.

Results
The total number of adverse events of CAM, EB, and RFP was 2780, with 806 patients. In the overall adverse events, hematologic and lymphatic disorders were the most common adverse events, with 17.3%, followed by eye disorders (16.6%), and hepatobiliary disorders (14.0%). The outcomes were as follows: recovery, 40.0%; remission, 27.1%; non-recovery, 11.2%; and death, 7.1%. Regarding the most common onset time of CAM, EB, and RFP was within 120 days at 40%, 181–300 days at 43.6%, and within 120 days at 88.5%. For CAM, the RORs of infections and infestations, hepatobiliary system disorders, and immune system disorders were 4.13 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3–7.44), 2.61 (95% CI, 1.39–4.91), and 2.38 (95% CI, 1.04–5.44). For EB, the ROR of eye disorders was 215.79 (95% CI, 132.62–351.12). For RFP, the RORs of renal and urinary tract disorders and investigations were 7.03 (95% CI, 3.35–14.77) and 6.99 (95% CI, 3.22–15.18). The β value of EB was 2.07 (95% CI, 1.48–2.76), which was classified as a wear-out failure type.

Conclusions
For MAC-LD, the adverse event which has the highest ROR is infections and infestations in CAM, eye disorders in EB, renal and urinary tract disorders in RFP. Adverse events of EB occur after 180 days, whereas the adverse events of CAM and RFP occur early in the course of treatment.
Population-based surveillance for congenital zika virus syndrome: a latent class analysis of recorded cases from 2015–2018
Authors: Paixao Enny S. , Rodrigues Laura C. , Costa Maria da Conceição N. , de Carvalho-Sauer Rita de Cassia Oliveira , Oliveira Wanderson K. , Cardim Luciana L. , Schuler-Faccini Lavinia , Andrade Roberto F. S. , Rodrigues Moreno S. , Brickley Elizabeth B. , Veiga Rafael V. , Costa Larissa C. , Carmo Eduardo H. , Smeeth Liam , Barreto Mauricio L. , Teixeira Maria Gloria 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study aims to describe clinical findings and determine the medium-term survival of congenital zika syndrome (CZS) suspected cases.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study using routine register-based linked data. It included all suspected cases of CZS born in Brazil from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2018, and followed up from birth until death, 36 months, or December 31, 2018, whichever came first. Latent class analysis was used to cluster unconfirmed cases into classes with similar combinations of anthropometry at birth, imaging findings, maternally reported rash, region, and year of birth. Kaplan–Meier curves were plotted, and Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to determine mortality up to 36 months.

Results
We followed 11,850 suspected cases of CZS, of which 28.3% were confirmed, 9.3% inconclusive and 62.4% unconfirmed. Confirmed cases had almost two times higher mortality when compared with unconfirmed cases. Among unconfirmed cases, we identified three distinct clusters with different mortality trajectories. The highest mortality risk was observed in those with abnormal imaging findings compatible with congenital infections (HR = 12.6; IC95%8.8–18.0) and other abnormalities (HR = 11.6; IC95%8.6–15.6) compared with those with normal imaging findings. The risk was high in those with severe microcephaly (HR = 8.2; IC95%6.4–10.6) and macrocephaly (HR = 6.6; IC95%4.5–9.7) compared with normal head size.

Conclusion
Abnormal imaging and head circumference appear to be the main drivers of the increased mortality among suspected cases of CZS. We suggest identifying children who are more likely to die and have a greater need to optimise interventions and resource allocation regardless of the final diagnoses.
Corneal densitometry after allogeneic small-incision intrastromal lenticule implantation for hyperopia correction
Authors: Hou Jie , Wang Yan , Zhang Jing , Lei Yulin , Ma Zhixing , Zhang Ying , Zheng Xiuyun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate corneal densitometry after allogeneic corneal small-incision intrastromal lenticule implantation (SILI) for hyperopia.MethodsA retrospective study. Thirty-one hyperopic eyes of 24 patients who underwent SILI were enrolled in this study. Examinations took place preoperatively and 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively. Corneal densitometry (CD) from different concentric radial zones (0–2, 2–6, and 6–10 mm annulus) and layers (anterior, central, and posterior) were obtained using Scheimpflug imaging. The association between CD changes and the uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), spherical equivalent (SE), central corneal thickness (CCT) and K value were examined.ResultsNo serious intraoperative complications occurred during SILI. The mean total CD increased postoperatively compared to preoperatively (P < 0.01). However, no significant differences were found among the four subsequent follow-up time points (P > 0.05). At 6 months postoperatively, the CD values showed an increase of 2.71 ± 2.52, 2.23 ± 2.25, and 1.87 ± 2.46 at the 0–2, 2–6, and 6–10 mm annuli, respectively (all atP < 0.01). The anterior 120 μm displayed the highest densitometry before and after surgery (all atP < 0.01). No significant increase was found within the posterior 60 μm of the cornea (P > 0.05). No correlation was found between the CD and relevant parameters(all atP > 0.05).ConclusionsSILI resulted in an increase in CD within the surgically altered area, however such change has no significant correlation with visual outcomes.
Co-existence of overweight/obesity and stunting: it’s prevalence and associated factors among under - five children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Sebsbie Alem , Minda Abebe , Ahmed Sindew 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Double burden of malnutrition is a global problem posing a serious public health challenge especially in low- and middle-income countries including Ethiopia, where a high prevalence of under-nutrition continues to exist and overweight is increasing at an alarming rate. Although both under-nutrition and over-nutrition are investigated extensively in Ethiopia, evidence about the double burden of malnutrition especially at the individual level is very limited.

Objective
To assess the prevalence of the co-existence of overweight/obesity and stunting and associated factors among under-five children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia at an individual level.

Methods
Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2021 among 422 mothers to child pairs in Addis Ababa. Twenty-nine (30%) of the health centers in Addis Ababa were selected to take part in the study using a simple random sampling technique. The total sample size was allocated proportionally to each of the selected health centers based on their performances within 6 months prior to the study. A systematic random sampling method was used to select the study participants. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and a hierarchical logistic regression model were used to characterize the study population and to identify factors that are associated with the outcome variable respectively. Odds ratio along with 95% CI were estimated to measure the strength of the association. The level of statistical significance was declared at a p-value less than 0.05.

Results
The prevalence of the co-existence of overweight/obesity and stunting was 5.1% with 95% CI (2.9–7.1%). The hierarchical logistic regression analysis revealed that child age (6–23 months) [(AOR = 2.86, 95% CI: (1.02–8.04)], maternal education status (non-educated) [(AOR = 4.98, 95% CI: (1.33–18.66)], maternal age during birth (≥ 28 years) [(AOR = 0.22, 95% CI: (0.06–0.79)] and childbirth order (3+) [(AOR = 6.38, 95% CI: (1.03–39.7)] were significantly associated with the co-existence of overweight /obesity and stunting. Conclusion and recommendations: The study revealed that the prevalence of the co-existence of overweight/obesity and stunting is low in Ethiopia. However, local and national nutrition policies and programs should be tailored and implemented to simultaneously address both under-nutrition and over-nutrition.