bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BIOCHEMICAL FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE LOCKED KIRSCHNER WIRE SYSTEM VERSUS VOLAR PLATE FIXATION OF DISTAL RADIUS FRACTURE
Authors: Jaroenporn Woraphon , Rerksanan Wassapol , Phiphobmongkol Vajarin , Vechasilp Jaruwat , Phukang Samran , Siritattamrong Wichit , Ariyaprakai Natcha 
Published: February 2022

Background: Volar locking plate (VP) and Kirschner wire (K-wire) fixations of distal end radius fractures are the most frequently used techniques that produce similar long term clinical results. However, inadequate fixation strength of the K-wire may cause pin loosening or migration. Although these complications can be prevented by immobilization, joint stiffness and a prolonged recovery period can occur.
Objective: Herein, a technique that provided more stability, allowing immediate motion after fixation by linking the K-wires into a single system (locked K-wire system) was proposed.
Methods: We evaluated biomechanical responses of the locked K-wire system and a VP in extraarticular distal radius fracture models AO/OTAa type 23A2 and 23A3 using three-dimensional finite element analysis. All models were tested under axial, bending, and torsional loads.
Results: From the simulation results, the total displacement was greater in the dorsal wedge fracture than that from the simple fracture under all loads for both fixation systems. The locked K-wire system and the VP could withstand immediate physiologic load with maximum displacements of 1.15 mm and 1.39 mm, respectively.
Conclusion: Considering the immediate physiologic load resistance and the ability to preserve its position during the bone-healing period, the locked K-wire system might be used as an alternative to fix distal radius fractures.
Effect of interaction between occupational stress and polymorphisms of MTHFR gene and SELE gene on hypertension
Authors: Yang Fen , Qiu Ruiying , Abudoubari Saimaitikari , Tao Ning , An Hengqing 
Published: February 2022

Background
Gene-environment interaction is related to the prevalence of hypertension, but the impact of genetic polymorphisms on hypertension may vary due to different geography and population.

Objective
To explore the impact of the interaction among occupational stress and MTHFR gene and SELE gene polymorphism on the prevalence of hypertension in Xinjiang oil workers.

Methods
A case-control study was conducted on 310 oil workers. In an oilfield base in Karamay City, Xinjiang, 155 hypertensive patients aged 18~60 years old with more than one year of service were selected as the case group, and 155 oil workers without hypertension were selected as the control group according to the 1:1 matching principle (matching conditions: the gender and shift were the same. The age is around 2 years old). The Occupational Stress Scale was used to evaluate the degree of occupational stress, PCR technique was used to detect MTHFR and SELE gene polymorphism, Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the effects of gene and occupational stress on hypertension, and gene-gene and gene-environment interactions were analyzed by generalized multi-factor dimension reduction method.

Results
The G98T polymorphism of SELE gene (χ2 = 6.776, P = 0.034), the C677T (χ2 = 7.130, P = 0.028) and A1298C (χ2 = 12.036, P = 0.002) loci of MTHFR gene and the degree of occupational stress (χ2 = 11.921, P = 0.003) were significantly different between the case group and the control group. The genotypes GT at the G98T polymorphism of the SELE gene (OR = 2.151, 95% CI [1.227–3.375]), and the dominant model (AC/CC vs AA, OR = 1.925, 95% CI [1.613–3.816]); AC and CC at the A1298C polymorphism of the MTHFR gene (ORAC = 1.917, 95% CI [1.064–3.453]; ORCC = 2.233, 95% CI [1.082–4.609]), the additive model (CC vs AA, OR = 2.497, 95% CI [1.277–4.883]) and the dominant model (AC/CC vs AA, OR = 2.012, 95% CI [1.200–3.373]); at the C677T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene CT and TT (ORCT = 1.913, 95% CI [1.085–3.375]; ORTT = 3.117, 95% CI [1.430–6.795]), the additive model (CC vs AA, OR = 1.913, 95% CI [1.085–3.375]) and the dominant model (AC/CC vs AA, OR = 2.012, 95% CI [1.200–3.373]), which could increase hypertension risk (P < 0.05). The gene-gene interaction showed that there was a positive interaction between the A1298C and C677T sites of the MTHFR gene, and the gene-occupational stress interaction showed that there was a positive interaction between the A1298C and C677T sites of the MTHFR gene and the occupational stress.

Conclusion
The interaction of gene mutation and occupational stress in Xinjiang oil workers maybe increase the risk of hypertension.
Problems Faced by the Cashew Exporters in Kerala
Authors: Paul Haritha , K. N. Ushadevi 
Published: February 2022

Aims: India is the world's largest cashew producer, processor, and consumer. For years, India had an unrivalled and unchallenged monopoly on cashew production, processing, and marketing around the world. Considering the promising future of the cashew export market, the study aimed to analyse the problems faced by the cashew exporters in Kerala.
Place and Duration of the Study: 65 cashew exporters (who have been continuously exporting the cashew for the last five years) in Kollam district of Kerala were selected randomly and the primary survey was conducted through a pre –tested structured questionnaire.
Methods: To find out the most significant factor which influences the respondent, Garrett’s ranking technique is used. Garrett’s Ranking Technique provides the change of orders of problems into numerical scores. The advantage of this technique is that the problems are arranged based on their severity from the point of view of respondents.
Results: The study highlighted that the major problems faced by the cashew exporters are high processing cost, unattainable of Standard Input-output Norms (SION), threats of foreign entrants to the domestic market, reduction in international share, the orientation of processing to big sectors, and the exploring of new markets.
Conclusion: Thereby the protective policies like, increase exportable grades has to be fixed at ratio of 1:6, withdrawing the basic customs duty imposed on the imported cashew and increase the export incentives adopted by the government, which will helps to reduce the problems in the cashew industry. In addition to that contribute in a better way to the growth of the country by providing gainful employment opportunities via attaining women empowerment fetching foreign exchange to the nation and protecting it as a dominant position in the international market that it used to enjoy till a decade back.
Glyphosate Caused Detrimental Changes in Enzymatic Antioxidants in Rats
Authors: Prenetha R. , Kavitha S. , Vishnupriya V. , Selvaraj J. , Gayathri R. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Glyphosate is the most enormously used broad spectrum herbicide in the world. Current assessment of carcinogenic capability of glyphosate-based herbicides by various regional, national, and international agencies have endangered the controversy. Antioxidant enzymes are often used as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Among the biomarkers superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were essential in conservation of homeostasis of cell to function as normal being.
Aim: To investigate glyphosate induced detrimental changes in the enzymatic antioxidants in experimental rats.
Materials and Methods: Adult male wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups, each consisting of 6 animals. Group 1 consists of Normal control rats, Group 2 consists of Glyphosate treated at a dose of 50mg/kg body weight/day. Group 3 consists of Glyphosate treated at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight/day. Group 4 consists of Glyphosate treated at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight/day. The experimental period was 16 weeks. All chemicals and reagents used in this study were purchased from sigma chemical company, USA. Adult male albino rats weighing 180-200g were used for the study. Parameters analyzed were assay of Superoxide Dismutase Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase. The data were analyzed statistically by one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s multiple range test, and it was used to see the statistical significance among the groups. The results with the p<0.05 level was considered to be statistically significant.
Results: The results indicated that there was a significant decrease in the activities of enzymatic antioxidants in all the Glyphosate induced rats, and it decreases with increase in dose of Glyphosate.
Conclusion: Glyphosate has induced oxidative stress in experimental animals by decreasing the expression of Enzymatic Antioxidants.
A Comparative Analysis on the Anti-Cholesterol Activities of Allium cepa and Allium sativum
Authors: Raj M. Preethi , Kavitha S. , Vishnupriya V. , Gayathri R. , Selvaraj J. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Genus Allium produces compounds of sulfur which is an important component for medical use. Studies have The Allium species and their extracts have the effect on cardiovascular disease risk factor. Both Allium cepa and Allium sativum are used as one of the spices in food preparation. Allium sativum or garlic is employed in the treatment of many diseases like blood pressure, atherosclerosis, high cholesterol, heart attack and coronary heart disease. Many biological properties like antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic are attributed to the abundance of Allium cepa.
Aim: The study aimed to compare the in vitro anti-cholesterol activities of Allium sativum and Allium cepa.
Methods: The phytochemical analysis, in vitro antioxidant activity and anti-cholesterol activity of both the extracts Allium cepa and Allium sativum were analysed using standard protocols. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using one – way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s multiple range test to assess the significance of individual variations between the groups. In Duncan’s test, significance was considered at the level of p<0.05.
Results: Phytochemical screening showed that both the plant extracts are rich in phytochemicals like phlobatannin, carbohydrate, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, proteins and steroids and detection of saponin was done. DPPH radical scavenging activity showed the potent antioxidant activity of both the plant extracts. A comparative analysis on the anti-cholesterol activities of Allium cepa and Allium sativum revealed that Allium cepa showed more anti-cholesterol activity compared to Allium sativum.
Conclusion: The study revealed the potent antioxidant and anticholesterol activity of Allium cepa compared to Allium sativum.
Observational Study Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Igel Supraglottic Airway Device Insertion in Anesthetised Patients by Anesthesia Faculty versus Residents
Authors: Shah Bhavini , Mahanta Dipanjali , Shah Krusha , Mohan Jayalaxmi 
Published: February 2022

Aims: Successful airway management is the first priority in a variety of emergency care and hospital scenarios. This study was an attempt to compare and find out how quickly a first-time resident can learn to insert an I-gel and secure the airway versus their trained counterparts, thereby proving the effectiveness of this I-gel innovation in airway patency maintenance.
Study Design: Observational cross-sectional study.
Place & Duration of Study: Department of Anesthesiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra 411018 India, from August 2021 to December 2021.
Methodology: Two groups of 80 patients belonging to ASA grade I and II, aged between 18 to 65 years, including either gender, posted for elective surgery under GA requiring I-gel Supraglottic Airway device (SAD) insertion, with informed consent. The patients underwent I-gel SAD insertion by Anaesthesia Faculty & Anaesthesia Residents respectively. Baseline vital hemodynamic parameters, the time taken for insertion, number of attempts made and the serial heart rate, arterial pressure, SpO2 and respiratory rate noted at the time of insertion and at one, three- and five-minutes following insertion were noted.
Results: Faculty group outperformed the residents with regards to number of attempts taken and time taken for each attempt, however the numbers in both groups are still comparable with no stark differences.
Conclusions: There’s a very short & easy learning curve for successful i-gel® insertion by novice practitioners as well as paramedical workers, which can be utilized during a variety of emergency care and pre-hospital scenarios with adequate training to ensure adequate airway protection.
No evidence that herpes zoster is associated with increased risk of dementia diagnosis
Authors: Warren‐Gash Charlotte , Williamson Elizabeth , Shiekh Suhail I. , Borjas‐Howard James , Pearce Neil , Breuer Judith M. , Smeeth Liam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether herpes zoster (HZ) was associated with subsequent increased risk of dementia diagnosis.MethodsWe conducted a historical cohort study using primary care electronic health records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink in the United Kingdom. Individuals with incident HZ aged ≥40 years from 2000 to 2017 were matched with up to four individuals without HZ by age, sex, primary care practise and calendar time. The primary outcome was a new diagnosis of all‐cause dementia. We used the Cox proportional hazards regression adjusting for demographic, lifestyle and clinical confounders to assess any association between HZ and dementia. We investigated interactions with sex, frailty index and antiviral treatment and conducted various sensitivity analyses.ResultsThe cohort comprised 177,144 individuals with HZ and 706,901 matched unexposed individuals (median age 65 years (IQR 55.1–75.0), 40% male) followed for a median duration of 4.6 years (IQR 2.0–8.1). In total, 26,585 (3%) patients had an incident dementia diagnosis recorded and 113,056 patients died (12.8%). HZ was associated with a small reduction in dementia diagnosis (adjusted HR 0.92 (95% CI 0.89–0.95)), occurring predominantly in frail individuals and females. For patients who were fit (578,115, 65%), no association was seen (adjusted HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.92–1.02). There was no association between HZ and a composite outcome of dementia or death (adjusted HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.99–1.02). Dementia risk did not vary by prescription of antiviral agents. Sensitivity analyses showed consistent results.InterpretationHZ was not associated with increased dementia diagnosis in a UK primary care‐based cohort.
Understanding Heterogeneities in Quantum Materials
Authors: Ko Wonhee , Gai Zheng , Puretzky Alexander A. , Liang Liangbo , Berlijn Tom , Hachtel Jordan A. , Xiao Kai , Ganesh Panchapakesan , Yoon Mina , Li An‐Ping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractQuantum materials are usually heterogeneous, with structural defects, impurities, surfaces, edges, interfaces, and disorder. These heterogeneities are sometimes viewed as liabilities within conventional systems; however, their electronic and magnetic structures often define and affect the quantum phenomena such as coherence, interaction, entanglement, and topological effects in the host system. Therefore, a critical need is to understand the roles of heterogeneities in order to endow materials with new quantum functions for energy and quantum information science applications. In this article, several representative examples are reviewed on the recent progress in connecting the heterogeneities to the quantum behaviors of real materials. Specifically, three intertwined topic areas are assessed: i) Reveal the structural, electronic, magnetic, vibrational, and optical degrees of freedom of heterogeneities. ii) Understand the effect of heterogeneities on the behaviors of quantum states in host material systems. iii) Control heterogeneities for new quantum functions. This progress is achieved by establishing the atomistic‐level structure‐property relationships associated with heterogeneities in quantum materials. The understanding of the interactions between electronic, magnetic, photonic, and vibrational states of heterogeneities enables the design of new quantum materials, including topological matter and quantum light emitters based on heterogenous 2D materials.
A Transformable Amphiphilic and Block Polymer−Dendron Conjugate for Enhanced Tumor Penetration and Retention with Cellular Homeostasis Perturbation via Membrane Flow
Authors: Gu Lei , Duan Zhenyu , Chen Xiaoting , Li Xiaoling , Luo Qiang , Bhamra Apanpreet , Pan Dayi , Zhu Hongyan , Tian Xiaohe , Chen Rongjun , Gu Zhongwei , Zhang Hu , Qian Zhiyong , Gong Qiyong , Luo Kui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEfficient penetration and retention of therapeutic agents in tumor tissues can be realized through rational design of drug delivery systems. Herein, a polymer−dendron conjugate, POEGMA‐b‐p(GFLG‐Dendron‐Ppa) (GFLG‐DP), is presented, which allows a cathepsin‐B‐triggered stealthy‐to‐sticky structural transformation. The compositions and ratios are optimized through dissipative particle dynamics simulations. GFLG‐DP displays tumor‐specific transformation and the consequently released dendron‐Ppa is found to effectively accumulate on the tumor cell membrane. The interaction between the dendron‐Ppa and the tumor cell membrane results in intracellular and intercellular transport via membrane flow, thus achieving efficient deep penetration and prolonged retention of therapeutic agents in the solid tumor tissues. Meanwhile, the interaction of dendron‐Ppa with the endoplasmic reticulum disrupts cell homeostasis, making tumor cells more vulnerable and susceptible to photodynamic therapy. This platform represents a versatile approach to augmenting the tumor therapeutic efficacy of a nanomedicine via manipulation of its interactions with tumor membrane systems.
A One‐Step Fabricated Sheath‐Core Stretchable Fiber Based on Liquid Metal with Superior Electric Conductivity for Wearable Sensors and Heaters
Authors: Yu Xichen , Fan Wei , Liu Yang , Dong Kai , Wang Shujuan , Chen Weichun , Zhang Yao , Lu Linlin , Liu Hongxia , Zhang Yingying 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConductors with high conductivity and stretchability are the crucial components of smart wearable electronics. However, most of the reported conductors have disadvantages of single function, high energy consumption, which seriously limit their application in wearable electronics. Here, a kind of stretchable (up to 373%), highly conductive (the same order of magnitude as commercial metal wire), and multifunctional sheath‐core fibers based on liquid metal that can be continuously fabricated in large quantity through a coaxial wet‐spinning process are reported. The simple preparation method of the fibers can realize continuous and mass production (1 m min–1 in the laboratory). When the fibers are used as an electric heater, the temperature can reach 58 °C at 0.6 V and the heating rate is obviously faster than the ambient temperature under infrared light. When the fibers are used as a wearable sensor, the tiny force of 0.001 cN can be detected and objects at less than 40 cm can be detected without contact. The stretchable fibers with high electric conductivity may provide strong supports for the commercialization of wearable electronics and pave the way toward full‐fledged multifunctional wearable sensors.
MSC‐Laden Composite Hydrogels for Inflammation and Angiogenic Regulation for Skin Flap Repair
Authors: Wu Lijun , Tian Kai , Ding Zhaozhao , Zhao Tianlan , Zhang Xiaoyi , Cheng Weinan , Gao Suyue , Lu Qiang , Kaplan David L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPressure‐driven, spreadable, deferoxamine (DFO)‐laden hydrogels are developed toward treatment for improved skin flap tissue repair. Further, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are incorporated into silk nanofiber systems and then added to silk hydrogels to optimize angiogenesis and moderate inflammatory reactions in skin flap tissues for repair. The combined (composite) systems result in improved tissue outcomes. For example, the DFO release from the hydrogels is maintained while the system moderated negative influences of DFO on cells at the skin flap site with improved vasculization and for control of immune reactions. Both in vitro and in vivo results reveal improved outcomes with these composite hydrogel systems when MSCs are included. The synergistic action of DFO‐laden silk nanofibers combined with MSC‐laden microgels results in improved functional recovery of skin flaps in vivo when compared to control systems. Considering the ease of use of this system toward clinical applications, these new hydrogels are candidates for skin flap regeneration in surgical settings.
Flexible Neural Network Realized by the Probabilistic SiOx Memristive Synaptic Array for Energy‐Efficient Image Learning
Authors: Choi Sanghyeon , Jang Jingon , Kim Min Seob , Kim Nam Dong , Kwag Jeehyun , Wang Gunuk 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe human brain's neural networks are sparsely connected via tunable and probabilistic synapses, which may be essential for performing energy‐efficient cognitive and intellectual functions. In this sense, the implementation of a flexible neural network with probabilistic synapses is a first step toward realizing the ultimate energy‐efficient computing framework. Here, inspired by the efficient threshold‐tunable and probabilistic rod‐to‐rod bipolar synapses in the human visual system, a 16 × 16 crossbar array comprising the vertical form of gate‐tunable probabilistic SiOx memristive synaptic barristor utilizing the Si/graphene heterojunction is designed and fabricated. Controllable stochastic switching dynamics in this array are achieved via various input voltage pulse schemes. In particular, the threshold tunability via electrostatic gating enables the efficient in situ alteration of the probabilistic switching activation (PAct) from 0 to 1.0, and can even modulate the degree of the PAct change. A drop‐connected algorithm based on the PAct is constructed and used to successfully classify the shapes of several fashion items. The suggested approach can decrease the learning energy by up to ≈2,116 times relative to that of the conventional all‐to‐all connected network while exhibiting a high recognition accuracy of ≈93 %.
Plasmonic Tunnel Diode and Photodetector based on Layer‐Stacked AuNP‐Nanomembrane/p‐Si Heterojunction
Authors: Xu Chen , Li Chuanping , Jin Yongdong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractElectronic devices with rectifying effect are typical building blocks for integrated circuits and useful for photodetectors. Herein, a new type of diode based on plasmonic tunnel hetero‐nanostructure is reported. By constructing a planar plasmoelectric junction between p‐Si and Au pad electrode with a few‐layer‐stacked 2D plasmonic AuNP‐nanomembrane as a medium layer, rectifying behavior of the device is achieved, though the direct contact between bulk Au and semiconductor usually tends to form ohmic contact. The electrically driven plasmons enable the 2D AuNP‐nanomembrane to be electron‐rich, while the asymmetric band alignment which causes bidirectionally different barrier at the (buried) interface results in the unidirectional rectifying behavior of the constructed plasmonic diode (p‐diode). The planar junction made of shell‐isolated Au@SiO2 NP‐nanomembrane (instead of AuNP‐nanomembrane) shows still rectifying behaviors but better photoresponse, due to structurally well‐defined/ordered nanostructures and intensified plasmonic tunneling effect of the nanomembrane. The as‐constructed p‐diode‐based photodetector with Au@SiO2 NP‐nanomembrane shows impressive photoresponse with a high photoresponsivity value of 6.496 A W‐1 and a detectivity value of 1.9859 × 1011 Jones under the 268 µW cm‐2 650 nm laser irradiance, comparable to the reported values of similar devices prepared from other 2D materials.