bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Text-Messaging Intervention on Oral Self-Care Practices in Antenatal Women in Delhi, India
Authors: Basu Saurav , Rajeev Anjali , Garg Suneela , Singh Mongjam Meghachandra 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the effect of a mHealth (text message) intervention compared with a structured health educational session on the oral care and hygiene practices of pregnant women.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a pilot randomized control trial, parallel design superiority trial, with a 1:1 allocation ratio. A total of 76 pregnant women up to 20 weeks of gestational age and capable of reading mobile phone text messages were recruited during August–October 2020 from the antenatal clinic of a primary health center in a low-income urban agglomeration in Delhi, India. The mHealth intervention arm participants were sent a daily text message for 30 days, while all participants were provided a one-time, face-face, brief didactic structured educational session toward oral health promotion.

Results:
The baseline characteristics of both groups were comparable in terms of age structure, education, parity, and oral hygiene but differed in terms of oral health problems. Postintervention, although the twice-brushing frequency increased in both arms, only the mHealth arm revealed a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of missed twice-daily brushing episodes (P = 0.016).

Conclusions:
A mHealth-based daily text-message intervention for 1 month was not superior to a one-time brief didactic structured educational intervention for oral health promotion in antenatal women.
E-cadherin as a Prognostic Biomarker in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Khan H.R. , Patil Bharat Umakant , Gangane Nitin M. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
In a recent survey of cancer mortality in India, oral cavity cancer was listed as the leading cause of mortality in men, causing 29% of cancer-related deaths.

Objective:
The aim is to investigate the expression of E-cadherin to elucidate its role in determining the biological activity of the disease as a reliable and potential marker.

Materials and Methods:
E-cadherin immune-reactivity was evaluated in ten randomly selected fields in consecutive 50 cases diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and in each case, its mean was taken for the evaluation of E-cadherin expressing cells. The distribution and intensity of immunostaining E cadherin were also semi-quantitatively evaluated.

Results:
The most prevalent age group involved was the fifth decade and alveolus was the main site. The most common histological subtype was found to be well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and stage IV was the most common subtype in our study. The P value was significant for association between differentiation of tumor, staining location, and expression of E-cadherin (P value-0.002). E cadherin expression was compared with mortality; we found five out of seven death cases showing strong E cadherin expression, however, this was not statistically significant.

Conclusions:
Clinical and histopathological characteristics of malignancy, such as metastasis, recurrence, low survival, and poor tumor differentiation, have been associated with low expression of E-cadherin in OSCC.
Compressive strength, surface roughness, and surface microhardness of principle tricalcium silicate-based endodontic cements after universal adhesive application
Authors: Olcay K , Guneser MB , Dincer AN , Uyan HM 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Aims and Background:
It was aimed to evaluate compressive strength (CS), surface roughness, and microhardness of mineral trioxide aggregate (ProRoot MTA) and Biodentine (BD) after adhesive application.

Materials and Methods:
Tests was carried out according to international ISO standard. ProRoot MTA and BD were prepared in Teflon molds according to manufacturer's instructions: n = 210 for CS; n = 210 for microhardness. Samples were incubated for 7 days at 37°C in 100% humidity. Surfaces were smoothed with up to 2000 grits of silicon-carbide sandpaper on abrasive device at 150 rpm, randomly divided into seven groups (n = 15). Clearfil Universal Bond, All Bond Universal, and Single Bond Universal (SBU) were applied in both total-etch and self-etch (SE) modes. Adhesives were applied according to manufacturers' recommendations (no adhesive used in control). CS was performed at speed of 1 mm/min, microhardness at 100 gr for 15 s. The surface roughness of the samples was analyzed with atomic force microscopy. Two-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey tests were used for the evaluation of the data.

Results:
Man CS and microhardness values between ProRoot MTA and BD were as follows: 24.9 N, 72.6 HV; 59.8 N, 59.0 HV, respectively. In CS, BD was higher than ProRoot MTA (P < 0.05). In other comparisons except for SBU SE group (P < 0.05), BD and ProRoot MTA showed similar results (P > 0.05). However, ProRoot MTA was found higher than BD regarding microhardness (P < 0.05). As a result of the adhesive application in both BD and ProRoot MTA groups, a decrease in surface roughness was observed compared to the control group.

Conclusion:
BD exhibited better results than ProRoot MTA regarding CS. However, ProRoot MTA was found to be more successful than BD in terms of microhardness. BD and ProRoot MTA showed similar physical properties in terms of surface roughness. To improve regenerative procedures, besides the selection of bioceramic cements, the interaction between cements and materials applied during coronal restoration should be considered.
Correlating optical coherence tomography biomarkers with visual acuity in nigerian retinitis pigmentosa patients
Authors: Okonkwo ON , Hassan AO , Ogbedo EN , Akanbi T , Umeh V , Agweye CT 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) has been used for imaging retinitis pigmentosa (RP) eyes and provides useful information on microstructural changes.

Aim:
To review SD-OCT findings and correlate the central foveal thickness (CFT), outer nuclear layer (ONL), external limiting membrane (ELM), and ellipsoid zone (EZ) with visual function in nonsyndromic RP eyes.

Patients and Methods:
A multicenter, retrospective review of records from consecutive eyes diagnosed to have RP. Biodata, systemic disease, visual acuity, lens status, intraocular pressure, and SD-OCT images were examined. The CFT was categorized into normal (250–299 microns), atrophic (0–249 microns), and edematous (≥300 microns). The ONL, ELM, and EZ within the subfoveal area was assessed and rated as normal, reduced (if less than normal), or absent (if missing). The status of these biomarkers was correlated with visual acuity and statistical analysis performed using Pearson Chi2, P < 0.05. In addition, the vitreomacular interface was examined for the presence of vitreomacular traction (VMT), vitreomacular adhesion (VMA), and epiretinal membrane (ERM).

Results:
Fifty-two RP eyes of 27 patients had SD-OCT images that were used for study analysis. There were 17 males and 10 females; 52% of participants were between 31 and 50 years (age range: 22–77 years). An atrophic retina was the most common finding in 42 eyes (81%); the average CFT in the atrophic group was 175 microns (range: 111–245 microns). There were three eyes with cystoid macular edema, and seven eyes were normal. For the OCT biomarkers, a reduction in ONL and ELM occurred in 69% and 46% of eyes, respectively, while an absence was the most common EZ finding (in 50% of eyes). There was a significant correlation between the presence or absence of the three biomarkers and presenting vision: ONL, ELM, and EZ with P values of 0.000, 0.006, and 0.011, respectively. The CFT had no significant correlation with vision; P = 0.522. Other findings on OCT include ERM 17%, VMA 6%, and VMT 2%.

Conclusion:
This report supports the notion that OCT image reporting on physical retinal structure in RP eyes can be used to predict disease effects on vision. A prospective study to better quantify the degree of structural change and correlate with the degree of functional loss is required for RP gene types in Nigerians and black Africans.
The effect of erosive beverages and polishing systems on the surface properties of nanohybrid composite resin
Authors: Ozdemir B , Ilday N Ozakar , Ozdemir SB , Suleyman F , Duymus Z Yesil 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Aims and Background:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the surface microhardness and roughness of composites treated with three different polishing systems exposed to two different corrosive beverages.

Material and Methods:
Ninety-six composite resin disks were randomly divided into four groups, one of which was the control group. The surface roughness and microhardness values were measured after 24 h in the polishing process. The samples were divided into three subgroups and kept in distilled water, cola, and ice tea for 20 min a day for 14 days. Then, the roughness and microhardness measurements of the samples were taken again. Two samples randomly selected from each group were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and analyzed statistically using the two way anova (ANOVA) and Duncan tests.

Results:
A statistically significant difference was found between the roughness and hardness values at the end of 24 h and 14 days. Onegloss (OG), Dentoflex (DF), and Super-snap (SNP) polish systems showed the highest roughness in the cola group, respectively. Microhardness values: The unpolished group had the lowest significant microhardness in the coke group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
In this study, it was seen that the lowest success rate was the OG polishing system.
Atomic force microscopy study on the effect of different irrigation regimens on the surface roughness of human root canal dentin
Authors: Tsenova-Ilieva I , Simeonova S , Karova E 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Endodontic irrigants could alter the mechanical properties of root canal dentin, such as its roughness.

Aim:
To compare the effect of various irrigation protocols on root canal dentin roughness with respect to their application time, concentration, and additional ultrasonic activation.

Materials and Methods:
Forty single-rooted, non-endodontically treated upper incisors were decoronated and further sectioned longitudinally in a buccolingual direction. The surfaces of all eighty samples were polished and randomly segregated to eight equal groups (n = 10): Group A: 2% NaOCl/2 min followed by 17% EDTA/2 min; Group B: 2% NaOCl/5 min followed by 17% EDTA/5 min; Group C: 5.25% NaOCl/2 min followed by 17% EDTA/2 min; Group D: 5.25% NaOCl/5 min followed by 17% EDTA/5 min; Group E: 2% NaOCl solution, ultrasonically activated for 2 min; Group F: 5.25% NaOCl, ultrasonically activated for 2 min; Group G: 2% NaOCl/2 min followed by 17% EDTA/2 min, both ultrasonically activated; Group H: Control group (distilled water).

Results:
All irrigation regimens increased root dentin surface roughness in comparison with the control group. The analysis of the values revealed significant differences between the arithmetical average roughness values (Ra) in the groups (p < 0.001). A statistically significant increase in the Ra parameter was observed in groups E, F, G, and D. The irrigation protocol in Group A showed a significantly smoother dentin surface than those with the ultrasonic activation.

Conclusion:
All tested irrigants increased root canal dentin roughness and the effect was time and concentration-dependent. The ultrasonic activation of the disinfection solutions roughened the root dentin surface significantly.
Barriers and solutions to effective mentorship in health research and training institutions in Nigeria
Authors: Ughasoro MD , Musa A , Yakubu A , Adefuye BO , Folahanmi AT , Isah A , Onyemocho A , Chukwu EE , Chukwudi CU , Dadi Mamud JN , Effa E , Egharevba HO , Etokidem A , Mbachu AN , Njokanma AR , Ogunfowokan AA , Ohihoin NE , Onwuamah C , Orunmuyi TA , Salako AO , Yusuf AA , Okubadejo N , Anepo-Okopi J , Ezechi O , Salako BL 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Aims and Background:
Mentoring relationships and programs have become a subject of global interest and their relevance is high in the ever-evolving health system. In Nigeria, informal system of mentoring is largely practiced. To be able to institutionalize mentoring program, there is need to explore the various challenges of mentoring process and suggest potential approaches for effective mentor-mentee relationship in health research institutions in Nigeria.

Subjects and Methods:
The study was designed to explore the barriers and solutions to mentoring process from the perspectives of the mentor, mentee, and organization in health research and training institutions in Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed and the study was conducted among 21 health researchers drawn from 24 health research institutions across the 6 regions of Nigeria. The nominal group technique was adopted in the data collection process.

Results:
The most frequently reported mentor challenges were “lack of understanding of mentorship process” (84.2%) and “lack of capacity for mentoring” (78.9%), while those of mentee were “mentor preference” (73.7%) and “lack of freedom of expression” (47.4%). “Culture of selfishness/individualism” (84.2%) and “lack of formal relationship” (63.2%) were the most mentioned systemic challenges. Training on mentoring process and relationship was mentioned as the most frequent approach to overcoming challenges for the three perspectives.

Conclusion:
Significant mentorship challenges exist in the Nigerian health, academic and research institution. Systematic approaches to finding and implementing the appropriate solutions are needed to circumvent these bottlenecks.
Differences in hard and soft tissue profile after orthodontic treatment with and without extraction
Authors: Alqerban A , Alaskar A , Alnatheer M , Samran A , Alqhtani N , Koppolu P 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Aims and Background:
Premolar extraction is often associated with variations in the soft tissue profile that lead to considerable improvements in the facial profile. This study compared the changes in the facial profile of hard and soft tissues and investigated possible differences in the various facial parameters between patients who were treated with and without premolar extraction.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 98 orthodontically treated patients were divided into two groups with an equal number of participants. Premolar extraction was performed in the test group only. A total of 33 landmarks were identified on each cephalometric radiograph. The intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated. We evaluated changes in measurements between pre- and post-treatment by performing the signed-rank test. We used the Kruskal–Wallis test to compare changes between the groups.

Results:
No significant differences were observed in the treatment outcomes of skeletal and soft tissue variables in class I and class II participants between the test and control groups (P > 0.01). However, significant differences were noted in the treatment outcomes of dental variables in class II participants between the groups. Dental variables did not show any significant difference in class III patients between the groups.

Conclusion:
This study showed that skeletal and soft tissue changes were similar in skeletal except for few dental parameters following orthodontic treatment with and without premolar extraction.
The efficacy of different sealer removal protocols on the microtensile bond strength of adhesives to a bioceramic sealer-contaminated dentin
Authors: Kurklu ZG Bek , Yoldas HO 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
The optimal bonding of adhesives to dentin requires the sealer to be completely removed from the dentinal walls.

Aim:
This study compared the efficacy of different sealer removal protocols on the microtensile bond strengths (MTBS) of single-step adhesives to a calcium silicate-based bioceramic root canal sealer-contaminated dentin.

Materials and Methods:
Standardized box-shaped Class I cavities were prepared in human lower third molars (N = 50). All cavities were contaminated with a bioceramic root canal sealer (Endosequence BC Sealer, Brasseler, Savannah, USA), except the control group (G1) cavities. For the experimental groups, contaminated dentin surfaces were wiped with a dry cotton pellet (G2), wiped with a cotton pellet saturated with water (G3), rinsed with the air/water spray (G4), and passively applied aqueous ultrasonic energy with an ultrasonic scaler (G5) before the restoration procedure. All the cavity surface was restored with a one-bottle universal adhesive and composite resin. All the specimens were subjected to both thermocycling (2,500 thermal cycles from 5 to 55°C, with a 30-s dwelling time and a 10-s transfer time) and mechanical loading (50 N load for 100,000 cycles). The restored specimens were sectioned into resin-dentin beams for MTBS evaluation. Additional specimens were prepared for the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine the dentin-adhesive interface (n = 10).

Results:
No significant difference was found between the mean bond strengths of the groups. In SEM examination, no residual sealer was found in any group.

Conclusion:
Calcium silicate-based bioceramic sealer was removed from the dentin surface with all removal protocols when evaluated with MTBS after the thermal and mechanical cycle tests.
Uncorrected refractive error in a university community
Authors: Anajekwu CC , Kizor-Akaraiwe N 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Aims and Background:
To determine the prevalence and pattern of uncorrected refractive error among staff of a Nigerian university.

Patient and Methods:
A cross-sectional study of consecutive staff of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria who presented for a 10-day free eye screening program. Demographic data and data on eye care awareness and knowledge were obtained with a combination of self-administered and interviewer-administered questionnaires in the English language. Clinical examinations included visual acuity taken at 6 m with Snellen's chart; noncontact tonometry; pen-torch eye examination; and direct ophthalmoscopy; autorefraction and subjective refraction.

Results:
One thousand and eighty-three subjects aged 18–82 years (mean = 44.1 ± 12.15 years) comprising 568 females (52.4%) and 515 males (47.6%) were screened. Eighty-nine subjects (8.3%) were visually impaired and five subjects (0.5%) were blind. Three hundred and fifty-six subjects were diagnosed with refractive error (356/1083; 32.9%), out of which 149 subjects (41.9%) were uncorrected. The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error in this study population was 13.8%. Astigmatism was the commonest refractive error, whereas hypermetropia and hypermetropic astigmatism were the commonest spherical and astigmatic errors, respectively.

Conclusion:
A significant proportion of the staff of this Nigerian university still lives with uncorrected refractive error with its attendant consequences. Regular eye checks should be done by the staff of our universities and effort should be intensified in eye care awareness creation among the populace, including the apparently enlightened communities.
Alternativas de herramientas para facilitar el monitoreo de la calidad de datos
Authors: Lopez-Guayasamin Monica Rosa , Duque-Mendez Nestor Dario 
Published: March 2022

Las empresas están manejando grandes volúmenes de datos, los cuales deben ser almacenados de manera óptima en una infraestructura adecuada y que sea escalable. Sin embargo, el gran problema que enfrentan las organizaciones es el control y monitoreo de la calidad de los datos, pues siendo la calidad un tema tan relevante, aún hay asuntos por enfrentar acordes con la importancia que merece. El trabajo presentado en este artículo ofrece un recorrido sobre experiencias en herramientas que permiten a las empresas monitorear y controlar la calidad de sus datos; para lo cual se evaluaron diferentes plataformas tecnológicas. Teniendo en cuenta que la calidad de los datos incorpora diferentes dimensiones que facilitan este análisis, se incorpora en este trabajo una revisión exploratoria de las mismas, se definen Completitud y Validez como las dimensiones a trabajar en este reto. Se inicia una exploración de calidad de datos con herramientas libres; luego se continua el ejercicio con una herramienta de analítica, muy poderosa y de fácil uso como SPSS Modeler y por último se trabaja sobre una herramienta licenciada DQS Data Quality Server que facilita el ejercicio de definición de reglas y su aplicabilidad en las organizaciones.
GESTÃO DO CONHECIMENTO: COMPARTILHAMENTO DO CONHECIMENTO – DADOS AFERIDOS E APLICAÇÃO DE UMA NOVA PESQUISA
Authors: Repinasi dos Santos Reinaldo , Dal Forno Letícia Fleig , Massuda Ely Mitie 
Published: March 2022

Esta produção científica apresenta-se como uma pesquisa bibliográfica e qualitativa, sobre a Socialização e Compartilhamento do Conhecimento em Sala de Aula, caracterizandose como uma pesquisa de natureza básica. A partir de uma pesquisa já desenvolvida no ano de 2019, fora realizada a apresentação de seus resultados neste trabalho com a finalidade deapresentar os resultados aferidos como uma forma de contribuição acadêmica e profissional, bem como um estudo motivador à continuidade de se pesquisar sobre este assunto. O Compartilhamento do Conhecimento em sala de aula está envolto pela ação docente aliada à socialização entre o profissional da educação e seus alunos. Muitas vezes, esta é que uma ferramenta da Gestão do Conhecimento, está presente na ação docente sem que este tenha consciência de que a está praticando. Nesse sentido, buscar-se-á apresentar os resultados aferidos numa pesquisa já desenvolvida onde a metodologia utilizada para a construção deste estudo pautou-se com a análise de dados secundários a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica, tomando-a como base de apoio para aplicação de uma nova problemática numa área mais ampla, sendo esta de que forma os professores dos 5º’s anos do Ensino Fundamental Regular Matutino da rede pública de ensino do Município de Maringá - Paraná, socializam ecompartilham conhecimento no espaço de sala de aula?
The Transition from Short- to Long-Term Marine Corrosion of Carbon Steels: 1. Experimental Observations
Authors: Melchers Robert E. , Jeffrey Robert 
Published: March 2022

This paper is concerned with developing an understanding of the transition between modes 1 and 2 of the bi-modal characteristic often observed for corrosion (mass) loss of many different alloys and in a variety of longer-term (years) exposure conditions. Corrosion losses and pit depth and size for carbon steels (0.01 wt%, 0.04 wt%, and 0.06 wt% C) immersed continuously in sheltered 20°C (av.) seawater, 30°C (constant) seawater, and 70°C (constant) distilled water environments are reported with observations at 14 d and 28 d intervals over 1.4 y. The data allow clear demonstration of bi-modal behavior and variability in mass loss much less than typical for unprotected environments. All cases showed significant development of pit depths and pit areas particularly later in mode 1, through the transition phase and into mode 2. Using established observations of pitting mechanisms, the development of pitting is interpreted as facilitating the reduction in pH at the corrosion interface that permits the cathodic reaction to change from oxygen reduction in mode 1 to hydrogen evolution in mode 2, consistent with longer-term predominantly anaerobic corrosion in the later part of the bi-modal model. The observations also shed some light on the relationship between pitting corrosion and what is conventionally referred to as uniform corrosion.