bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced viral inactivation by combined ultraviolet light and heat
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhao Yun , Wang Yuan , Zhang Yunchu , Dong Jianfei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Viral sensitivity to high temperature and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has been extensively studied. However, there is still little attention paid to study the joint effect of these two physical factors. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the advances of disinfection techniques, rapid and effective viral inactivation by combining heat and UV light is worth investigating. This work focuses on developing such a device combining UV light-emitting diode light sources and a heater. Moreover, two UV bands have been studied in this work, namely 280 nm ultraviolet-C (UVC) and 365 nm ultraviolet-A (UVA. A) control system is developed to accurately control both the heating temperature of the device and the irradiance of the dual-spectral UV light sources. The performance of the device is verified by a series of experimental measurements. More importantly, the disinfection effect of the device has been verified by the experiments based on non-pathogenic carrier virus commonly used in the laboratory. The disinfection doses of the 280 nm UVC and 365 nm UVA light sources under the high temperature synergy have been examined. The experimental results show that when combined with a heating temperature of 60 ∘C, the cumulative UV radiation doses required for sufficient viral inactivation can be greatly reduced.
Modular multilevel TMS device with wide output range and ultrabrief pulse capability for sound reduction
Authors: Zeng Zhiyong , Koponen Lari M , Hamdan Rena , Li Zhongxi , Goetz Stefan M , Peterchev Angel V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective. This article presents a novel transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulse generator with a wide range of pulse shape, amplitude, and width. Approach. Based on a modular multilevel TMS (MM-TMS) topology we had proposed previously, we realized the first such device operating at full TMS energy levels. It consists of ten cascaded H-bridge modules, each implemented with insulated-gate bipolar transistors, enabling both novel high-amplitude ultrabrief pulses as well as pulses with conventional amplitude and duration. The MM-TMS device can output pulses including up to 21 voltage levels with a step size of up to 1100 V, allowing relatively flexible generation of various pulse waveforms and sequences. The circuit further allows charging the energy storage capacitor on each of the ten cascaded modules with a conventional TMS power supply. Main results. The MM-TMS device can output peak coil voltages and currents of 11 kV and 10 kA, respectively, enabling suprathreshold ultrabrief pulses (>8.25 μs active electric field phase). Further, the MM-TMS device can generate a wide range of near-rectangular monophasic and biphasic pulses, as well as more complex staircase-approximated sinusoidal, polyphasic, and amplitude-modulated pulses. At matched estimated stimulation strength, briefer pulses emit less sound, which could enable quieter TMS. Finally, the MM-TMS device can instantaneously increase or decrease the amplitude from one pulse to the next in discrete steps by adding or removing modules in series, which enables rapid pulse sequences and paired-pulse protocols with variable pulse shapes and amplitudes. Significance. The MM-TMS device allows unprecedented control of the pulse characteristics which could enable novel protocols and quieter pulses.
Towards single-trial classification of invasively recorded auditory evoked potentials in cochlear implant users
Authors: Bauernfeind G , Teschner M J , Wriessnegger S C , Büchner A , Lenarz T , Haumann S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective. One promising approach towards further improving cochlear implants (CI) is to use brain signals controlling the device in order to close the auditory loop. Initial electroencephalography (EEG) studies have already shown promising results. However, they are based on noninvasive measurements, whereas implanted electrodes are expected to be more convenient in terms of everyday-life usability. If additional measurement electrodes were implanted during CI surgery, then invasive recordings should be possible. Furthermore, implantation will provide better signal quality, higher robustness to artefacts, and thus enhanced classification accuracy. Approach. In an initial project, three additional epidural electrodes were temporarily implanted during the surgical procedure. After surgery, different auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) were recorded both invasively (epidural) and using surface electrodes, with invasively recorded signals demonstrated as being markedly superior. In this present analysis, cortical evoked response audiometry (CERA) signals recorded in seven patients were used for single-trial classification of sounds with different intensities. For classification purposes, we used shrinkage-regularized linear discriminant analysis (sLDA). Clinical speech perception scores were also investigated. Main results. Analysis of CERA data from different subjects showed single-trial classification accuracies of up to 99.2% for perceived vs. non-perceived sounds. Accuracies of up to 89.1% were achieved in classification of sounds perceived at different intensities. Highest classification accuracies were achieved by means of epidural recordings. Required loudness differences seemed to correspond to speech perception in noise. Significance. The proposed epidural recording approach showed good classification accuracy into sound perceived and not perceived when the best-performing electrodes were selected. Classifying different levels of sound stimulation accurately proved more challenging. At present, the methods explored in this study would not be sufficiently reliable to allow automated closed-loop control of CI parameters. However, our findings are an important initial contribution towards improving applicability of closed auditory loops and for next-generation automatic fitting approaches.
Neutrino mass models by the 1000s!
Authors: Volkas Raymond R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
After putting the problem of neutrino mass generation in the context of physics beyond the standard model as a whole, I specialise to models of radiative Majorana neutrino masses and mixings. I spend most of the time summarising the results of a systematic classification and model-construction scheme based on opening up gauge-invariant ΔL = 2 effective operators constructed out of standard model fields. The focus is on tree-level openings of all operators up to mass dimension 11 using only exotic fields for the virtual states in the UV. This process produces renormalisable models that furnish mostly loop-level - that is to say radiative - Majorana neutrino mass models. I reference a searchable database authored by Gargalionis, and describe some of the general features of this large family of about 11,000 models. We will see that exotics such as scalar leptoquarks abound, and often lead to models of neutrino mass that can also address some or all of the current B-decay anomalies such R
K(*) and R
D

(*) and the (g – 2)
e,μ
discrepancies.
Multi-Messenger Astronomy
Authors: Neronov Andrii 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
New field of multi-messenger astronomy has experienced rapid expansion over the last several years. The range of astronomical “messenger” channels now includes, along with electromagnetic radiation, also neutrinos and gravitational waves. Signals detected in these channels span over 43 decades in energy / frequency. This talk provides an overview of the most recent developments in the field, across different types of messengers and energy / frequency ranges.
A numerical approach to stochastic inflation and primordial black holes
Authors: Tomberg Eemeli 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Certain models of cosmic inflation produce strong cosmological perturbations at short length scales, which may later collapse into primordial black holes. To find the statistics of these strong perturbations and the ensuing black holes, it is necessary to go beyond linear perturbation theory. Stochastic inflation provides a way to take the leading non-linear effects into account. In this contribution, I discuss recent progress in numerical computations of stochastic inflation. A numerical approach can include more of the non-linearities than an analytical calculation, and can be applied to single-field inflationary models with any potential.
Maximally misaligned axions
Authors: Reig Mario 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
I discuss a simple model of maximal axion misalignment. Maximally-misaligned axions with ma
> 10−22 eV are compelling DM candidates with a rich and interesting phenomenology. On the other hand, maximally-misaligned axions lighter than m ∼ O(100)H
0 may behave as dark energy with decay constants substantially smaller than the Planck scale, avoiding consistency problems associated to trans-Planckian scales.
Exploring the Sun’s core with BabylAXO
Authors: Galan Javier 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Axions are a natural consequence of the Peccei-Quinn mechanism, the most compelling solution to the strong-CP problem. Similar axion-like particles (ALPs) also appear in a number of possible extensions of the Standard Model, notably in string theories. Both, axions and ALPs, are very well motivated candidates for Dark Matter (DM), and they would be copiously produced at the sun’s core. A relevant effort during the last two decades has been the CAST experiment at CERN, the most sensitive axion helioscope to date. The International Axion Observatory (IAXO) is a large-scale 4th generation helioscope, and its primary physics goal is to extend further the search for solar axions or ALPs with a final signal to background ratio of about 5 orders of magnitude higher.
We briefly review here the astrophysical hints and models that will be at reach while searching for solar axions within the context of the IAXO helioscope search program, and in particular the physics under reach for BabyIAXO, an intermediate helioscope stage towards the full IAXO.
Sterile neutrino dark matter, neutrino secret self-interactions and extra radiation
Authors: Sen Manibrata 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
keV scale sterile neutrinos are excellent warm dark matter candidates. In the early Universe, these can be produced from oscillations and scatterings of active neutrinos. However, in the absence of any new physics, this mechanism is in severe tension with observations from X-ray searches. In this work, we show that secret self-interactions of active neutrinos, mediated by a scalar, can efficiently produce these sterile neutrinos without being ruled out by X-ray observations. These neutrino self-interactions are also testable: for a mediator mass greater than a few MeV, these self-interactions can give signatures in laboratory based experiments, while for lighter mediators, there will be observable consequences for upcoming cosmology probes.1
Revisiting the two singlet dark matter model
Authors: Basak Tanushree , Coleppa Baradhwaj , Loho Kousik 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We reinvestigate the two real singlet extension of the Standard Model with a

Z
2

×

Z
2
′

symmetry. In this model, the destructive interference between the two t-channel scalar mediators to some extent alleviates the otherwise very stringent constraint from the Xenon1T experiment while the Breit-Wigner enhancement of dark matter annihilation cross section not only proves useful in satisfying the relic abundance criterion but also ensures the scope for explaining the observed gamma-ray excess in the galactic centre.
Beyond the Standard Model Searches with the Majorana Demonstrator Experiment
Authors: Xu Wenqin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Majorana Demonstrator experiment operated two modular arrays of p-type point contact high purity germanium (HPGe) detectors, of which 30 kg is enriched to 88% in Ge-76, to search for neutrinoless double beta decay. The data-taking campaign for double beta decay with enriched detectors was successfully concluded in March 2021, and data-taking with natural detectors is still ongoing. The Demonstrator has achieved excellent energy performance in a wide dynamic range covering 1 keV to 10 MeV. The extra-low background level and excellent energy performance achieved by the Demonstrator makes it competitive in various searches of physics beyond the Standard Model.
If there is an axion-photon coupling, axions can be produced by the Primakoff conversion of photons in the Sun. Solar axions can inversely generate photon signals in germanium crystals, which can be coherently enhanced when the Bragg condition is satisfied. The Demonstrator is searching for solar axions with a novel method to correlate and leverage its high number of HPGe detectors. We will discuss the status and results of recent searches for new physics with the Demonstrator, including the first reporting of a solar axion search.
Annual modulation results from three-year exposure of ANAIS-112
Authors: Amaré J , Cebrián S , Cintas D , Coarasa I , García E , Martínez M , Oliván M A , Ortigoza Y , Solárzano A Ortiz de , Puimedón J , Salinas A , Sarsa M L , Villar P 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
ANAIS-112 is a dark matter direct detection experiment that operates 112 kg of NaI(Tl) scintillators at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC, Spain). Its main goal is to test in a model independent way one of the most puzzling results in the present particle physics scenario: the DAMA/LIBRA observation of an annual modulation in the detection rate compatible with that expected for dark matter. This signal is in strong tension with the negative results of other very sensitive experiments. However, until recently a direct comparison using the same target material (NaI(Tl)) was lacking. ANAIS-112 has been taking data since August 2017 in stable conditions with excellent performance. Results from the first three years are compatible with the absence of modulation and incompatible with the DAMA/LIBRA measured modulation at more than 2.5σ C.L. This result supports the projected goal of reaching a 3σ sensitivity to the DAMA/LIBRA result for the scheduled five-year operation.
Acoustic response of nuclear recoils in bubble chambers
Authors: Broerman Benjamin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The bubble chambers of the PICO collaboration use the acoustic signal generated from nucleations to classify nuclear recoil events from alpha decays in the bulk fluid. The success of these detectors in probing the potential WIMP-proton cross section comes in part from the low energy threshold that can be achieved. This nucleation threshold, based on the Seitz model, is dependent on fluid type, pressure, and temperature. At higher thresholds bubble nucleation does occur but with a significant loss in the measurable acoustic signal. To investigate this, the acoustic response of bulk nuclear recoil events was measured as a function of pressure and temperature and found to depend exponentially on both parameters.
Constraining Dark Matter Annihilation with Cosmic Ray Antiprotons using Neural Networks
Authors: Nippel Kathrin , Kahlhoefer Felix , Korsmeier Michael , Krämer Michael , Manconi Silvia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The interpretation of indirect detection experiments searching for dark matter annihilations requires computationally expensive simulations of cosmic-ray propagation. We present a new method based on Recurrent Neural Networks that significantly accelerates simulations of secondary and dark matter cosmic ray antiprotons. This approach allows for an efficient marginalization over the nuisance parameters of a cosmic ray propagation model in order to perform parameter scans for a wide range of dark matter models. We present resulting constraints using the most recent AMS-02 antiproton data on dark matter WIMP models. The speed-up achieved with our method results in a runtime two orders of magnitude below a conventional Monte Carlo approach, once the neural network has been trained.
Constraining sub-GeV dark matter with the Integral data
Authors: Cirelli Marco , Kavanagh Bradley J. , Fornengo Nicolao , Pinetti Elena 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The goal of this work is to constrain sub-GeV dark matter particles (1 MeV ≤ mDM ≤ 5 GeV) by looking at photons in the keV energy range and by including the inverse Compton scattering contribution to the total flux. In particular, the electrons and positrons produced by dark matter particles can scatter the low-energy photons in the Milky Way up to the X-ray energies. These X rays are probed by the Integral data, which we utilised to constrain the dark matter annihilation cross-section. The relevant annihilation channels are electron, muon and pion. As a result, we derived competitive bounds for dark matter particles with a mass between 150 MeV and 1.5 GeV.
Improving the sensitivity to light dark matter with the Migdal effect
Authors: Grilli di Cortona G , Piacentini S , Messina A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We studied, using a Bayesian approach, how the Migdal effect can be exploited in experiments based on liquid argon detectors. In particular we develop a simulated experiment to show how the Migdal electron allows to push the experimental sensitivity down to masses of 0.1 GeV/c
2, extending the search region for dark matter particles of previous results. Finally, given the relevance of the Migdal effect to the search for low mass Dark Matter, we discuss some new ideas on how to possibly measure such an effect with detectors based on a Time Projection Chamber exposed to an high neutron flux.
Indirect Dark Matter search towards the Sun with the ANTARES neutrino telescope
Authors: Poirè Chiara 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Dark Matter particles, such as Weakly Interactive Massive Particles (WIMPs) gravitationally captured in massive celestial objects, can be indirectly detected through their annihilation into Standard Model particles. The centres of those massive objects are, therefore, places where to look for a possible high energy neutrino flux excess from dark matter annihilations, using neutrino telescopes. The deep-sea neutrino telescope ANTARES, located in the Mediterranean Sea, has been shown to be very competitive in the quest for Dark Matter WIMPs produced in the Galactic Centre. A closer potential DM source is the Sun, where it is possible to have a very clean signal since the background from astrophysical origin is expected to be very low. In this work we show the expected sensitivity of a search for Dark Matter WIMPs from the Sun, using 13 years of data collected by ANTARES.
Measurement of the underground argon radiopurity for Dark Matter direct searches
Authors: Pesudo Vicente 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A major worldwide effort is underway to procure the radiopure argon needed for DarkSide-20k (DS-20k), the first large scale detector of the new Global Argon Dark Matter Collaboration. The Urania project will extract and purify underground argon (UAr) from CO2 wells in the USA at a production rate of about 330 kg/day. Additional chemical purification of the UAr will be required prior to its use in the DS-20k LAr-TPC. The Aria project will purify UAr using a cryogenic distillation column (Seruci-I), located in Sardinia (Italy). Assessing the UAr purity in terms of 39Ar is crucial for the physics program of the DarkSide-20k experiment. DArT is a small (1 litre) radiopure chamber that will measure the 39 Ar depletion factor in the UAr. The detector will be immersed in the active liquid Ar volume of ArDM (LSC, Spain), which will act as a veto for gammas from the detector materials and the surrounding rock. In this article, the status and prospects of the UAr projects for DarkSide-20k are reviewed with a special focus in DArT.
Directional Dark Matter Search with the NEWSdm experiment
Authors: Golovatiuk Artem 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Despite the extensive search for the detection of the dark matter (DM), experiments have yielded null results: they are probing lower and lower cross-section values and touching the so-called neutrino floor. A way to possibly overcome the limitation of the neutrino floor is a directional sensitive approach: one of the most promising techniques for directional detection is nuclear emulsion technology with nanometric resolution. The NEWSdm experiment in the Gran Sasso underground laboratory in Italy is based on a novel nuclear emulsion acting both as the Weakly Interactive Massive Particle (WIMP) target and as the nanometric-accuracy tracking device. This would provide a powerful method of confirming the Galactic origin of the dark matter, thanks to the cutting-edge technology developed to readout sub-nanometric trajectories. Here we discuss the experiment design, its physics potential, the performance achieved in test beam measurements and the near-future plans. After submitting a Letter of Intent, a new facility for emulsion handling was constructed in the Gran Sasso underground laboratory. A Conceptual Design Report was submitted to INFN in Summer 2021.
Underground detections of an extra gauge interacting sterile neutrino dark matter
Authors: Seto Osamu , Shimomura Takashi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We show that decay products from sterile neutrino dark matter in extra U(1) models are detectable in both direct dark matter detection experiments and neutrino telescope. The sterile neutrino dark matter interacts with a light gauge boson and decays into neutrinos. Those neutrinos could scatter off nuclei with a large enough recoil energy in direct dark matter detection experiments as WIMPs do.
Probing light dark scalars with future laboratory experiments
Authors: Taoso Marco 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We explore a dark sector containing a pair of light non-degenerate scalar particles, with masses in the MeV-GeV range, coupled to the visibile sector through heavier mediators. We analyze the prospects for detection with the proposed beam-dump facility SHiP, and the proposed LHC experiments FASER and MATHUSLA. We confront these sensitivities with constraints from the beam-dump experiment CHARM and colliders (LEP, LHC and BaBar).
Supernova Constraints on Dark Flavored Sectors
Authors: Terol-Calvo Jorge 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Proto-neutron stars forming a few seconds after core-collapse supernovae are hot and dense environments where hyperons can be efficiently produced by weak processes. By making use of various state-of-the-art supernova simulations combined with the proper extensions of the equations of state including Λ hyperons, we calculate the cooling of the star induced by the emission of dark particles X0 through the decay Λ → nX
0. Comparing this novel energy-loss process to the neutrino cooling of SN 1987A allows us to set a stringent upper limit on the branching fraction, BR(Λ → nX
0) ≤ 8 × 10−9, that we apply to massless dark photons and axions with flavor-violating couplings to quarks. We find that the new supernova bound can be orders of magnitude stronger than other limits in dark-sector models.
Studying QCD modeling of uncertainties in particle spectra from dark-matter annihilation into jets
Authors: Jueid Adil 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Motivated by various excesses observed by the Fermi-LAT and AMS collaborations, we perform a detailed analysis of QCD uncertainties on particle spectra from dark-matter annihilation (or decay) into jets. When annihilated to SM particles, the final-state annihilation products undergo various complicated processes such as QED and QCD bremsstrahlung, hadronisation, and hadron decays. These processes contain some intrinsic uncertainties which are usually difficult to model and which are neglected in physical analyses. First, we perform several re-tunings of the fragmentation function parameters. Then, we estimate two kinds of uncertainties: (i) perturbative from QCD showers and (ii) non-perturbative from hadronisation function. The results are tabulated for a wide range of dark matter masses, mχ
∈ [5,105] GeV, and annihilation channels. They can be found on Zenodo: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764809.