bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sunflecks in the upper canopy: dynamics of light‐use efficiency in sun and shade leaves of Fagus sylvatica
Authors: Durand Maxime , Stangl Zsofia R. , Salmon Yann , Burgess Alexandra J. , Murchie Erik H. , Robson T. Matthew 
Published: May 2022

Summary

Sunflecks are transient patches of direct radiation that provide a substantial proportion of the daily irradiance to leaves in the lower canopy. In this position, faster photosynthetic induction would allow for higher sunfleck‐use efficiency, as is commonly reported in the literature. Yet, when sunflecks are too few and far between, it may be more beneficial for shade leaves to prioritize efficient photosynthesis under shade.

We investigated the temporal dynamics of photosynthetic induction, recovery under shade, and stomatal movement during a sunfleck, in sun and shade leaves of Fagus sylvatica from three provenances of contrasting origin.

We found that shade leaves complete full induction in a shorter time than sun leaves, but that sun leaves respond faster than shade leaves due to their much larger amplitude of induction. The core‐range provenance achieved faster stomatal opening in shade leaves, which may allow for better sunfleck‐use efficiency in denser canopies and lower canopy positions.

Our findings represent a paradigm shift for future research into light fluctuations in canopies, drawing attention to the ubiquitous importance of sunflecks for photosynthesis, not only in lower‐canopy leaves where shade is prevalent, but particularly in the upper canopy where longer sunflecks are more common due to canopy openness.
The united shades of eliminative materialism
Authors: Tümkaya Serdal 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to provide a rational reconstruction of the claim of eliminative materialism (EM), espoused by Paul and Patricia Churchland. It will identify and clarify alternative understandings of that view and assess the version that is the most plausible interpretation in the light of the Churchlands' writings and contemporary discussions. The result of the analysis is that eliminativism is best understood as a methodological thesis regarding the scope and depth of the possible revision of (scientific and folk) usage of FP terms and principles. The problem is important not only, and nor primarily, for exegetical purposes. EM functions in contemporary metaphysics of mind mainly as a point of negative reference: for this reason, it is important to carefully formulate the main claim of EM so that the theorists taking part in the debate know what they actually disagree with. The careful formulation provided by this paper could show other philosophers that their position is not, in fact, as far from EM as they might have thought.
Induction of A549 Nonsmall‐Cell Lung Cancer Cells Proliferation by Photoreleased Nicotine
Authors: Kravchuk Danylo I. , Sotkis Ganna V. , Shcherbatiuk Mykola M. , Kravchuk Ruslan M. , Nazarenko Vassili G. , Gorbyk Petro P. , Shuba Yaroslav M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCaged compounds comprise the group of artificially synthesized, light‐sensitive molecules that enable in situ derivation of biologically active constituents capable of affecting cells, tissues and/or biological processes upon exposure to light. Ruthenium‐bispyridine (RuBi) complexes are photolyzed by biologically harmless visible light. In the present study, we show that RuBi‐caged nicotine can be used as a source of free nicotine to induce proliferation of A549 nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells by acting on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in these cells. RuBi‐nicotine was photolyzed using LED light source with the spectrum matching RuBi‐absorption. Photorelease of free nicotine ([Nic]p/r) was quantified by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 5‐s‐long light exposure of 10 μm of RuBi‐nicotine generated 2 μm [Nic]p/r which enhanced A549 cell proliferation similarly to the 2 μm of plain nicotine during 72 h of cell culturing. Both RuBi‐nicotine per se and its photolysis byproduct exerted no effect on A549 cells. We conclude that RuBi‐nicotine can be a good source of free nicotine for inducing short‐ and long‐term biological effects. Photolysis of RuBi‐nicotine is quite effective, and can produce biologically relevant concentrations of nicotine at acceptable concentrations of the source material with the use of simple, inexpensive, and easily accessible light sources.
Association between startle reactivity to uncertain threats and structural brain volume
Authors: Manzler Charles A. , Radoman Milena , Khorrami Kia J. , Gorka Stephanie M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSensitivity to uncertain threat (U‐threat) is a clinically important individual difference factor in multiple psychopathologies. Recent studies have implicated a specific frontolimbic circuit as a key network involved in the anticipation of aversive stimuli. In particular, the insula, thalamus, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) have recently been found to be robustly activated by anticipation of U‐threat. However, no study to date has examined the association between U‐threat reactivity and structural brain volume. In the present study, we utilized a pooled sample of 186 young adult volunteers who completed a structural MRI scan and the well‐validated No‐Predictable‐Unpredictable (NPU) threat of electric shock task. Startle eyeblink potentiation was collected during the NPU task as an objective index of aversive reactivity. ROI‐based analyses revealed that increased startle reactivity to U‐threat was associated with reduced gray matter volume in the right insula and bilateral thalamus, but not the dACC. These results add to a growing literature implicating the insula and thalamus as core nodes involved in individual differences in U‐threat reactivity.
Vaccines and the social amplification of risk
Authors: Larson Heidi J. , Lin Leesa , Goble Rob 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) named “Vaccine Hesitancy” one of the top 10 threats to global health. Shortly afterward, the COVID‐19 pandemic emerged as the world's predominant health concern. COVID‐19 vaccines of several types have been developed, tested, and partially deployed with remarkable speed; vaccines are now the primary control measure and hope for a return to normalcy. However, hesitancy concerning these vaccines, along with resistance to masking and other control measures, remains a substantial obstacle. The previous waves of vaccine hesitancy that led to the WHO threat designation, together with recent COVID‐19 experience, provide a window for viewing new forms of social amplification of risk (SAR). Not surprisingly, vaccines provide fertile ground for questions, anxieties, concerns, and rumors. These appear in new globalized hyperconnected communications landscapes and in the context of complex human (social, economic, and political) systems that exhibit evolving concerns about vaccines and authorities. We look at drivers, impacts, and implications for vaccine initiatives in several recent historical examples and in the current efforts with COVID‐19 vaccination. Findings and insights were drawn from the Vaccine Confidence Project's decade long monitoring of media and social media and its related research efforts. The trends in vaccine confidence and resistance have implications for updating the social amplification of risk framework (SARF); in turn, SARF has practical implications for guiding efforts to alleviate vaccine hesitancy and to mitigate harms from intentional and unintentional vaccine scares.
The response of finely textured and organic soils to lime and phosphorus application: Results from an incubation experiment
Authors: Corbett David , Lynch Bridget , Wall David P. , Tuohy Patrick 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA soil's responses to phosphorus (P) input differs based on its chemical composition. Soil acidity and the presence of metallic cations dictate a soil's chemical composition. Currently, soil P application recommendations are universal and do not account for differing soil composition. A targeted soil‐specific approach is required to optimize P efficiency and availability. A pot incubation experiment was established to explore the effects of contrasting lime and P application rates across a range of soils (25), characterized by fine particle size and high levels of soil organic matter. Three contrasting rates of P were applied (0, 50, and 150 kg P ha−1) both with and without ground lime (CaCO3) at 5 tonne ha−1 over a 140‐day incubation period. The addition of lime buffered the soil, increasing nutrient availability and reducing P fixation. The 50 kg P ha−1 treatment rate was required to achieve sufficient plant available P in both mineral soil textural classes. Current legislative recommendations however do not allow the application of such rates, which has an impact on agronomic performance. Loam soils experienced a greater increase in M3 soil P in comparison to clay and organic soils. Organic soils posed a major threat to water quality due to poor P retention. A re‐evaluation of P recommendations is required to account for soil variability as current P allowances are insufficient on these particular soils.
A comparison of peat properties in intact, afforested and restored raised and blanket bogs
Authors: Howson Tim R. , Chapman Pippa J. , Holden Joseph , Shah Nadeem , Anderson Russell 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecognition of peatlands as a key natural store of terrestrial carbon has led to new initiatives to protect and restore them. Some afforested bogs are being clear‐felled and restored (forest‐to‐bog restoration) to recover pre‐afforestation ecosystem function. However, little is known about differences in the peat properties between intact, afforested and restored bogs. A stratified random sampling procedure was used to take 122 peat cores from three separate microforms associated with intact (hollows; hummocks; lawns), afforested and restored bogs (furrows; original surface; ridges) at two raised and two blanket bog locations in Scotland. Common physical and chemical peat properties at eight depths were measured in the laboratory. Differences in bulk density, moisture and carbon content between the afforested (mean = 0.103 g cm−3, 87.8% and 50.9%, respectively), intact (mean = 0.091 g cm−3, 90.3% and 51.3%, respectively) and restored bogs (mean = 0.095 g cm−3, 89.7% and 51.1%, respectively) were small despite their statistical significance. The pH was significantly lower in the afforested (mean = 4.26) and restored bogs (mean = 4.29) than the intact bogs (mean = 4.39), whereas electrical conductivity was significantly higher (mean: afforested = 34.2, restored = 38.0, intact = 25.3 μS cm−1). While significant differences were found between treatments, effect sizes were mainly small, and greater differences in pH, electrical conductivity, specific yield and hydraulic conductivity existed between the different intact bogs. Therefore, interactions between geographic location and land management need to be considered when interpreting the impacts of land‐use change on peatland properties and functioning.
Evaluation of a point‐of‐care benchtop analyzer for quantitative measurement of C‐reactive protein in canine serum and plasma
Authors: Connolly Sara L. , Solter Phil , Don Joo Hoo , Jeong Kim Hyun , Constable Peter D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCanine C‐reactive protein (cCRP) is an acute‐phase protein that increases dramatically with inflammation and has potential utility in monitoring disease progression and response to treatment. Rapid, automated point‐of‐care test (POCT) formats could enhance the clinical utility of cCRP measurement.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the VetChroma canine‐specific POCT assay for the quantitative measurement of cCRP in canine serum or plasma.MethodsSerum and plasma from discarded canine diagnostic samples were used. Evaluation included intra‐ and inter‐assay coefficients of variation and observed total error (TEobs), linearity and spike recovery, the effect of interfering substances and sample matrices, and a method comparison study.ResultsIntra‐assay variation ranged from 2.5%–6.1%, and inter‐assay variation ranged from 2.1%–5.4%. The TEobsranged from 15.1%–19.7%. The assay was linear over the manufacturer's analytical range with no evidence of constant or proportional bias. Recovery of purified cCRP from canine serum ranged from 116.2% to 138.4%. Hemolysis, icterus, and turbidity did not interfere with the assay. The comparison of paired plasma and serum samples revealed constant and proportional bias. Comparison of the VetChroma cCRP assay to a commercial cCRP ELISA revealed significantly different results.ConclusionsThe VetChroma cCRP assay has acceptable test performance to measure serum cCRP concentration. The POCT protocol and test kit are valid for clinical use, although results obtained using other cCRP assays or plasma may not be directly compared.
Experimental Study on the Effect of Injection Timing on a Dual Fuel Diesel Engine Operated With Biogas Derived From Food Waste
Authors: Chandrashekar Jagadish , Gumtapure Veershetty 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The present work emphasizes the effects of injection timing on the characteristics of a 5.2-kW powered four-stroke diesel engine using biogas and its heat loss analysis. The biogas is obtained from food waste consisting of methane (CH4)—88.1% and carbon dioxide (CO2)—11.8% as the composition. The biogas (BG) is selected by mass basis ranging from 20% to 60% with 10% increments and is used to operate the engine by dual-fuel mode. The effect of three injection timings such as 25.5 deg (retarded), 27.5 deg (actual), and 29.5 deg (advanced) before top-dead center (bTDC) under dual-mode operation to enhance the properties of the engine is studied, and the results are compared with diesel mode at actual injection timing. Maximum brake thermal efficiency of 30.1% was observed for BG20 operated at 29.5-deg bTDC injection timing (IT). The dual mode operated at the injection timing of 29.5-deg bTDC showed an increase in cylinder pressure compared to diesel by 11.9% at full load conditions, whereas carbon monoxide emission was lower by 5.2% at 29.5-deg bTDC IT than diesel, and nitrogen oxide emission was lower at 25.5 deg bTDC IT than diesel mode by 45%. Besides, at 75% engine load, the least amount of heat losses was observed for BG50 exhibiting effective conversion of fuel energy into equivalent work higher than that of diesel by 2.2%, respectively.
Exact solution for a traversable wormhole in a curvature-coupled antisymmetric background field
Authors: Maluf R. V. , Muniz C. R 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this work, we study a traversable wormhole sourced by an ideal matter fluid with an antisymmetric 2-tensor background field coupled to gravity in a scenario of spontaneously broken Lorentz symmetry. Contrary to employed in the literature, we use a nonminimal curvature-coupling term $$B^{\mu \nu }B^{\kappa \lambda }R_{\mu \nu \kappa \lambda }$$

B

μ
ν

B

κ
λ

R

μ
ν
κ
λ

which incorporates all three kinds of Lorentz-violating coefficient for the pure-gravity sector of the minimal standard-model extension. We find that the wormhole is non-asymptotically globally flat and determine the allowed parameters of the theory, showing that the matter fluid must be necessarily anisotropic. We also analyze the energy conditions, checking their validity range and comparing them with those predicted by general relativity.
A New Design of Occlusion-Invariant Face Recognition Using Optimal Pattern Extraction and CNN with GRU-Based Architecture
Authors: Pankaj  , Bharti P. K. , Kumar Brajesh 
Published: May 2022

Face detection is a computer technology being used in a variety of applications that identify human faces in digital images. In many face recognition challenges, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are regarded as a problem solver. Occlusion is determined as the most common challenge of face recognition in realistic applications. Several studies are undergoing to obtain face recognition without any challenges. However, the occurrence of noise and occlusion in the image reduces the achievement of face recognition. Hence, various researches and studies are carried out to solve the challenges involved with the occurrence of occlusion and noise in the image, and more clarification is needed to acquire high accuracy. Hence, a deep learning model is intended to be developed in this paper using the meta-heuristic approach. The proposed model covers four main steps: (a) data acquisition, (b) pre-processing, (c) pattern extraction and (d) classification. The benchmark datasets regarding the face image with occlusion are gathered from a public source. Further, the pre-processing of the images is performed by contrast enhancement and Gabor filtering. With these pre-processed images, pattern extraction is done by the optimal local mesh ternary pattern. Here, the hybrid Whale–Galactic Swarm Optimization (WGSO) algorithm is used for developing the optimal local mesh ternary pattern extraction. By inputting the pattern-extracted image, the new deep learning model namely “CNN with Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)” network performs the recognition process to maximize the accuracy, and also it is used to enhance the face recognition model. From the results, in terms of accuracy, the proposed WGSO-[Formula: see text] model is better by 4.02%, 3.76% and 2.17% than the CNN, SVM and SRC, respectively. The experimental results are presented by performing their comparative analysis on a standard dataset, and they assure the efficiency of the proposed model. However, many challenging problems related to face recognition still exist, which offer excellent opportunities to face recognition researchers in the future.
The Effect of a New Ligation and Venipuncture Method on Vena Basilica Vessel
Authors: Mao Yuanhong , Huang Xiaomei , Yang Hong , Zhou Shu , Yuan Aihong , Lin Gang , Geng Guiling 
Published: May 2022

Objective. This study evaluated the impact of a novel venipuncture method on vascular parameters of vena basilica to provide a new technical option for the clinical management of difficult venipuncture. Methods. 32 volunteers examined by ultrasound at the Medical Imaging Center of The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Jiangsu province, from February 2020 to April 2020 were randomly selected. One hand of each patient was ligated with the traditional single tourniquet and the new ligation method for 20 seconds. Then, the distance between the left or right vena basilica and the skin and the diameter of blood vessels were measured by ultrasound. 98 patients with peripheral venipuncture difficulty who were examined by ultrasound of a third-grade hospital from April 2019 to March 2020 were selected and randomly divided into control group (

n
=
49

) and experimental group (

n
=
49

). The traditional method was used in the control group, and the new peripheral venipuncture was used in the experimental group. The success rate of single puncture, preparation time before puncture, time required for puncture operation, pain reaction during puncture, intravascular congestion after puncture, subcutaneous tissue injury, and vascular reuse rate after puncture were compared between the two methods. Results. The new ligation and puncture method increased the diameter of peripheral superficial vein vessels by

0.51
±
0.04

mm

, and the change of vena basilica diameter was not significantly associated with gender and age of patient. The success rate of single puncture and the vascular reuse rate were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group, while the preparation time and venipuncture time, as well as the patient’s pain response, were significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group, and the intravascular congestion and subcutaneous tissue injury were lower. In addition, the mean satisfaction score of patients in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. Conclusion. The new ligation and puncture method was an effective vena basilica dilation technique for filling the peripheral superficial veins, improving puncture success rate of peripheral difficult vein, and reducing patient pain, which was worth popularizing and applying in clinic.
Pulmonary Congestion During Exercise Stress Echocardiography in Ischemic and Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Merli Elisa , Ciampi Quirino , Scali Maria Chiara , Zagatina Angela , Merlo Pablo Martin , Arbucci Rosina , Daros Clarissa Borguezan , de Castro e Silva Pretto José Luis , Amor Miguel , Salamè Michael F. , Mosto Hugo , Morrone Doralisa , D’Andrea Antonello , Reisenhofer Barbara , Rodriguez-Zanella Hugo , Wierzbowska-Drabik Karina , Kasprzak Jaroslaw D. , Agoston Gergely , Varga Albert , Lowenstein Jorge , Dodi Claudio , Cortigiani Lauro , Simova Iana , Samardjieva Martina , Citro Rodolfo , Celutkiene Jelena , Re Federica , Monte Ines , Gligorova Suzana , Antonini-Canterin Francesco , Pepi Mauro , Carpeggiani Clara , Pellikka Patricia A. , Picano Eugenio ,   on behalf of Stress Echo 2020 and 2030 study group of the Italian Society of Echocardiography and Cardiovascular Imaging (SIECVI)
Published: May 2022

Background:
Lung ultrasound detects pulmonary congestion as B-lines at rest, and more frequently, during exercise stress echocardiography (ESE).

Methods:
We performed ESE plus lung ultrasound (4-site simplified scan) in 4392 subjects referred for semi-supine bike ESE in 24 certified centers in 9 countries. B-line score ranged from 0 (normal) to 40 (severely abnormal). Five different populations were evaluated: control subjects (n=103); chronic coronary syndromes (n=3701); heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (n=395); heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (n=70); ischemic mitral regurgitation ≥ moderate at rest (n=123). In a subset of 2478 patients, follow-up information was available.

Results:

During ESE, B-lines increased in all study groups except controls. Age, hypertension, abnormal ejection fraction, peak wall motion score index, and abnormal heart rate reserve were associated with B-lines in multivariable regression analysis. Stress B lines (hazard ratio, 2.179 [95% CI, 1.015–4.680];
P
=0.046) and ejection fraction <50% (hazard ratio, 2.942 [95% CI, 1.268–6.822];
P
=0.012) were independent predictors of all-cause death (n=29 after a median follow-up of 29 months).

Conclusions:
B-lines identify the pulmonary congestion phenotype at rest, and more frequently, during ESE in ischemic and heart failure patients. Stress B-lines may help to refine risk stratification in these patients.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT 03049995.