bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responses of a resident group to an outsider in the blue-breasted quail: a paradigm for studying social resettlement of dispersers
Authors: Zi Shumei , Gao Lifang , Chen Xiaoxue , Wang Qian , Liu Fangyuan , Li Jianchuan , Du Bo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDispersal is an individual life-history trait that can influence the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of both the source and recipient populations. Current studies of animal dispersal have paid little attention to how the responses of residents in a recipient population affect the social resettlement of dispersers into a new habitat. We addressed this question in the blue-breasted quail Synoicus chinensis by designing an outsider introduction experiment to simulate a scenario of interaction between residents and dispersers. In the experiment, we introduced an unfamiliar quail into a group of 3 differently ranked residents and then examined their behavioral responses to the arrival of the outsider. We found that all residents made negative responses by pecking at the outsider to maintain their pecking order, in which high-ranked residents displayed significantly greater intensity than those of lower ranks. This result highlighted that adverse behavioral responses of residents would prevent outsiders from obtaining hierarchical dominance in the recipient group. Moreover, the residents’ sex ratio, their relative ages to the outsiders, and whether outsiders counter-pecked at the residents all influenced the probability of outsiders prevailing against the residents. Those outsiders that displayed counter-peck courage were more likely to gain higher dominance and hence resettle into the recipient group successfully. Our findings suggest that resident groups may impose a selection among dispersers via adverse behavioral responses. Therefore, social factors that can influence the resettlement step of dispersers in a new habitat should be accounted for in future studies of animal dispersal.
Declining metabolic scaling parallels an ontogenetic change from elongate to deep-bodied shapes in juvenile Brown trout
Authors: Sánchez-González Jorge-Rubén , Nicieza Alfredo G 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBody shape and metabolic rate can be important determinants of animal performance, yet often their effects on influential traits are evaluated in a non-integrated way. This creates an important gap because the integration between shape and metabolism may be crucial to evaluate metabolic scaling theories. Here, we measured standard metabolic rate in 1- and 2-years old juvenile brown trout Salmo trutta, and used a geometric morphometrics approach to extricate the effects of ontogeny and size on the link between shape and metabolic scaling. We evidenced near-isometric ontogenetic scaling of metabolic rate with size, but also a biphasic pattern driven by a significant change in metabolic scaling, from positive to negative allometry. Moreover, the change in metabolic allometry parallels an ontogenetic change from elongate to deep-bodied shapes. This is consistent with the dynamic energy budget (DEB) and surface area (SA) theories, but not with the resource transport network theory which predicts increasing allometric exponents for trends towards more robust, three-dimensional bodies. In addition, we found a relationship between body shape and size independent metabolic rate, with a positive correlation between robustness and metabolic rate, which fits well within the view of Pace-of-Life Syndromes (POLS). Finally, our results align with previous studies that question the universality of metabolic scaling exponents and propose other mechanistic models explaining the diversity of metabolic scaling relationships or emphasizing the potential contribution of ecological factors.
Gender, Sex, and the Prosecution of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Cox Jennifer , MacNeil Elizabeth , Lind Hannah 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn US criminal justice proceedings, prosecutors are tasked with representing the government and pursuing justice. This chapter reviews theory and research regarding prosecutorial decision-making within the context of alleged intimate partner violence (IPV), including the legal and extralegal factors that are associated with prosecutorial decisions. Traditionally, researchers, policymakers, and treatment providers have conceptualized IPV as a “gendered” crime, with men as the abusers and women as the abused. We review prosecutorial decision-making within this limited framework and also consider “gender-inverted” (woman aggressor/man victim) and same-sex IPV, as there are high rates of IPV within these dyads. We highlight the intricacies of research findings, which overwhelmingly highlight nuances in perception and prosecution of IPV as it relates to gender and sexual orientation. Finally, we summarize research implications and provide recommendations for practice and future research.
Jury Decision-Making
Authors: Russell Brenda , McKimmie Blake 
Published: May 2022

AbstractJurors bring their previous knowledge, experience, and stereotypes with them into the courtroom. The gendered nature of intimate partner violence (IPV) can lead to assumptions and stereotypes (often unconsciously) that lead to differential treatment of others who may not fit the stereotype of a victim of IPV. This chapter addresses the potential for inherent bias in jury decision-making and provides insight into how jurors make decisions; it provides an in-depth review of empirical research on jury decision-making in cases of assault, self-defense, and intimate partner homicide. Topics include defendant typicality/atypicality, various forms and motivations for IPV, battered woman syndrome stereotypes, juror gender, and the use of expert testimony. We conclude with ways to reduce potential bias and areas of future research.
Holding Perpetrators Accountable
Authors: Hamel John , Ennis Liam 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe adjudication of intimate partner cases within the criminal justice system has been found inadequate in many respects, both to the safety of victims and the legal rights of perpetrators. Also, interventions with offenders have not always been based on evidence-based practice, given the limitations and guidelines imposed on treatment providers in state statutes. Suspects should be held responsible for the violence in such a way that their legal rights are upheld and that the court-mandated interventions required of them, typically in the form of batterer intervention groups, are carried out as efficaciously as possible. Central to these goals is using evidence-based interviewing protocols based on a correct understanding of the empirical data regarding the causes, dynamics, and consequences of Intimate partner violence. These are discussed in this chapter, including a review of the most methodologically sound, contemporary risk assessment instruments.
Restorative Justice Alternatives
Authors: Barocas Briana , Shimizu Rei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDomestic violence (DV), including violence among intimate partners (IPV), is a global public health phenomenon negatively affecting individuals, families, and communities. In the United States, every state now criminalizes DV and mandates offenders to complete a course of counseling typically in the form of psychoeducational groups known as batterer intervention programs (BIPs). Restorative justice has emerged as an alternative approach to traditional BIPs. It is practiced in different forms (e.g., peacemaking circles, victim-offender dialogues, and conferencing) and has been used across the world to address a variety of crimes and issues that call for healing. This chapter presents an overview of restorative justice theory and practice and its applications to addressing domestic violence crimes and, more specifically, intimate partner violence. It highlights research on the use of restorative justice for IPV cases and focuses on challenges and future considerations.
Effects of Alkaline Calcareous and Magnesium Soil Amendments on the Incidence of Bacterial Wilt of Tomato
Authors: Imazaki Iori 
Published: May 2022

Bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the major hindrances in tomato production. Previously, we demonstrated that increases of field soil pH up to the weakly alkaline condition at approximately pH 7.5 using slag fertilizer led to the reduction of disease severity caused by bacterial wilt. However, the method was laborious and needed large quantities of slag fertilizer. Therefore, in this study, I develop a labor- and cost-effective method that can be used in integrated pest management (IPM) programs based on the previous information. First, the effects of several alkaline minerals on the incidence of bacterial wilt were examined. Alkaline minerals alone did not cause a stable reduction of disease incidence. Then, the efficacy of the representative alkaline minerals calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) against the disease were tested in the combination with supplemental minerals. In 2018, the disease incidences were reduced by the combined treatment CaCO3 + a micronutrient fertilizer (MF) + iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3) + a silicon fertilizer (SF) or MgCO3 + MF + SF. Furthermore, synergistic effects were detected among the alkaline and supplemental minerals. Thus, the combinations of CaCO3 or MgCO3 with the MF, Fe2O3, or SF were synergistic against the disease and were labor and cost saving. However, in 2019, the disease incidences were not significantly reduced by each of the combined treatments, which suggests that more combinations with other IPM tools are needed for sufficient control of bacterial wilt. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Percutaneous Strain Reduction Screws Are a Reproducible Minimally Invasive Method to Treat Long Bone Nonunion
Authors: Bence Matthew , Kothari Alpesh , Riddick Andrew , Eardley William , Handley Robert , Trompeter Alex 
Published: May 2022

Objectives:
(1) Evaluate whether initial results from percutaneous treatment of nonunion are reproducible (2) Estimate the relative cost of percutaneous treatment of nonunion versus traditional methods.

Design:
Retrospective multicentre case series.

Setting:
Four Level 1 trauma centers.

Patients/Participants:
Fifty-one patients (34 men and 17 women) with a median age of 51 years (range 14–81) were treated for nonunion at a median of 10 months (range 4–212) from injury.

Intervention:
Percutaneous strain reduction screws (PSRS).

Main Outcome Measured:
Union rates and time to union were compared for patients treated in the developing institution versus independent units as well as with previously published results.

Results:
Forty-five (88%) patients achieved union at a median time of 5.2 months (range 1.0–24.7) confirming the previously published results for this technique. Comparable results were seen between the developing institution and independent units. No patients experienced adverse events beyond failure to achieve union. PSRS seems to offer savings of between £3177 ($4416) to £11,352 ($15,780) per case compared with traditional methods of nonunion surgery.

Conclusions:
PSRS is a safe, efficacious treatment for long bone nonunion and may be more cost-effective than traditional nonunion treatment methods. The promising initial results of this technique have now been replicated outside of the developing institution.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
EFFECT OF ORAL CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITOR ON CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA ASSOCIATED WITH RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA
Authors: Yeo Joon Hyung , Min Chan Hong , Yoon Young Hee 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
To investigate the factors associated with visual improvement in response to oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) and the occurrence of microvascular changes in patients with retinitis pigmentosa–associated cystoid macular edema (RP-CME).

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study included 59 eyes from 39 patients with RP-CME who underwent at least 3 months of oral CAI treatment. The eyes were divided into responding and nonresponding groups based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) criteria (resolution of cyst and reduction of foveal or parafoveal volume). All eyes were assessed before and after treatment using OCT and OCT angiography.

Results:
Thirty-three eyes (55.9%) demonstrated a positive response to treatment, and 26 eyes (44.1%) did not. Compared with nonresponding eyes, responding eyes had a significantly higher frequency of multilayer CME than CME limited to the inner nuclear layer (P = 0.016). Subgroup analysis within the responding group revealed that improvements in visual acuity were more likely in eyes with fovea-involving CME and a higher baseline external limiting membrane and ellipsoid zone width. Microvascular parameters showed no significant changes after treatment.

Conclusion:
Eyes with CME extending to the outer nuclear layer or central fovea, and higher initial photoreceptor integrity may be prognostic factors associated with structural and functional improvements after carbonic anhydrase inhibitors treatment. Early treatment of multilayer CME with foveal involvement seems to be crucial in preventing irreversible photoreceptor damage.
Acylcarnitines and Genetic Variation in Fat Oxidation Genes in HIV-infected, Antiretroviral-treated Children With and Without Myopathy
Authors: Kirmse Brian , Hobbs Charlotte , Aaron Lisa , Montepiedra Grace , Summar Marshall , Williams Paige L. , Smith Caitlin J. , Van Dyke Russell , Yu Chunli , Ryckman Kelli K. , Borkowsky William ,   for the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study
Published: May 2022

Background:
Mitochondrial toxicity resulting in myopathy and lactic acidosis has been described in antiretroviral (ARV)-exposed patients. We hypothesized that myopathy in HIV-infected, ARV-treated children would be associated with metabolic (acylcarnitines) and genetic (variants in metabolic genes) markers of dysfunctional fatty acid oxidation (FAO).

Methods:
Acylcarnitine profiles (ACP) were analyzed for 74 HIV-infected children on nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-containing ARV. Thirty-seven participants with ≥2 creatine kinase measurements >500 IU (n = 18) or evidence of echocardiographic cardiomyopathy (n = 19) were matched with 37 participants without myopathy. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FAO genes were also evaluated.

Results:
Abnormal ACP was 73% (95% CI: 56%–86%) and 62% (95% CI: 45%–78%) in the myopathic and nonmyopathic groups, respectively. No significant association was found between myopathy and having an abnormal ACP (OR = 2.10, P = 0.22). In univariate analysis, a 1-year increase in NRTI use was associated with a 20% increase in odds of at least 1 ACP abnormality [OR (95% CI) = 1.20 (1.03–1.41); P = 0.02), and a 1-year increase in protease inhibitor use was associated with 28% increase in the odds of having at least 1 ACP abnormality [OR (95% CI) = 1.28 (1.07–1.52); P = 0.006). Three SNPs, all in the gene for the carnitine transporter (SLC22A5), were associated with the cardiomyopathy phenotype.

Conclusion:
FAO appears to be altered in HIV-infected children with and without myopathy, but abnormal FAO does not fully explain myopathy in ARV-exposed children. Further study of SLC22A5 variation in ARV-exposed people is warranted carnitine transporter dysfunction-related cardiomyopathy may be treatable.
Do Physician Assistant Training Programs Adequately Prepare PAs to Address Nutritional Issues in Clinical Practice?
Authors: Wolf Corri , Mandel Ellen , Peniuta Morgan , Lazure Patrice , Smith Noël E. , Peterson Eric D. , Péloquin Sophie 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine physician assistants' (PAs') current level of confidence to engage in nutrition-related tasks and their satisfaction with the nutrition education they received in PA school.

Methods
To achieve this goal, a mixed-methods approach that consisted of 3 data collection phases (qualitative online discussions, quantitative survey, and qualitative interviews) was used to explore and measure PAs' perceptions of the education they received in PA school and through other sources and how confident they felt addressing nutrition-related issues in clinical practice.

Results
While 80% of PAs endorse the idea that PAs should be more involved in providing nutritional care to patients, the majority reported basic or no knowledge of the nutritional implications of chronic conditions (69%), inflammatory bowel disease (69%), nutritional needs over the lifespan (67%), and food allergies and intolerances (64%). Barriers to patient care included knowledge-related challenges when selecting lab tests based on patient profile (46%) and identifying needs based on various gastrointestinal diseases (67%) and when using diagnostic data to identify deficiencies (74%). Overall, 59% of PAs reported being slightly or very dissatisfied with the nutrition-related content in the curricula used to formally train PAs.

Conclusions
The primary goal of every PA program is to prepare its graduates to be competent to enter clinical practice. Regarding nutrition, these data indicate that programs are failing to do so. PAs lack the confidence and ability to provide optimal nutritional care, which is staggering considering that nutrition is the first line of treatment in the prevention and management of numerous chronic diseases.
Vertical split fracture of the vertebral body following oblique lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Hong Jong-Hwan , Han Moon-Soo , Lee Jung-Kil , Moon Bong Ju 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Rationale:
Oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) is an effective and safe surgical technique widely used for treating spondylolisthesis; however, its use is controversial because of several associated complications, including endplate injury. We report a rare vertebral body fracture following OLIF in a patient with poor bone quality.

Patient concerns:
A 72-year-old male patient visited our clinic for 2 years with lower back pain, leg radiating pain, and intermittent neurogenic claudication.

Diagnoses:
Lumbar magnetic resonance imaging revealed L4-5 stenosis.

Intervention:
We performed OLIF with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation and L4 subtotal decompressive laminectomy. We resected the anterior longitudinal ligament partially for anterior column release and inserted a huge cage to maximize segmental lordosis. No complications during and after the operation were observed. Further, the radiating pain and back pain improved, and the patient was discharged. Two weeks after the operation, the patient visited the outpatient department complaining of sudden recurred pain, which occurred while going to the bathroom. Radiography and computed tomography revealed a split fracture of the L5 body and an anterior cage displacement. In revision of OLIF, we removed the dislocated cage and filled the bone cement between the anterior longitudinal ligament and empty disc space. Further, we performed posterior lumbar interbody fusion L4-5, and the screw was extended to S1.

Outcomes:
After the second surgery, back pain and radiating pain in the left leg improved, and he was discharged without complications.

Lesson:
In this case, owing to insufficient intervertebral space during L4-5 OLIF, a huge cage was used to achieve sufficient segmental lordosis after anterior column release, but a vertebral body coronal fracture occurred. In patients with poor bone quality and less flexibility, a huge cage and over-distraction could cause a vertebral fracture; hence, selecting an appropriate cage or considering a posterior approach is recommended.
Concurrent ascending colon adenocarcinoma and ileocecal tuberculosis
Authors: Park Sun Min , Kim Ji Hoon , Chong Yosep , Kang Won-Kyung 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Rationale:
Few cases have been reported of the coexistence of tuberculosis and adenocarcinoma of the large bowel. We report a rare case of concurrent ascending colon adenocarcinoma and ileocecal tuberculosis, which were nearly indistinguishable from one another.

Patient concerns:
A 59-year-old man visited our clinic with dizziness and anorexia.

Diagnosis:
Computed tomography revealed a mass in the ascending colon with ill-defined nodules in the liver. A colon biopsy showed adenocarcinoma with multinucleated giant cells. The liver nodules were confirmed to be metastatic adenocarcinomas.

Interventions:
Ant tuberculosis medications were administered prior to surgery. Two weeks later, a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy and radiofrequency ablation of the liver were performed.

Outcomes:
The final pathology confirmed adenocarcinoma with chronic granulomatous inflammation and giant cells.

Lessons:
In this patient, the cancer was in an advanced stage and had no history of tuberculosis infection. Thus, in this case, the malignancy seemed to create the proper environment for either reactivation of a latent tuberculosis infection or, less likely, for the acquisition of a primary mycobacterial infection. In conclusion, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of concurrent colon adenocarcinoma and intestinal tuberculosis.
Current approach of primary bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Delivanis Danae A. , Vassiliadi Dimitra A. , Tsagarakis Stylianos 
Published: May 2022

Purpose of review
To discuss the most recent findings on the pathophysiology, the genetic and molecular causes of primary bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (PBAH). The diagnostic approach of patients with PBAH will also be presented in detail with an emphasis on the emerging diagnostic tools and finally, the treatment of PBAH will be discussed with an emphasis on the newest surgical and medical treatment approaches.

Recent findings
PBAH is a highly heterogeneous condition mostly detected incidentally on abdominal imaging. Based on the size of the nodules, PBAH is subdivided into primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) and micronodular adrenal hyperplasia. A substantial proportion of patients with PBMAH harbor a germline mutation of the armadillo repeat containing 5 tumor suppression gene and therefore genetic testing is strongly recommended. Measurements of plasma or urinary multisteroid profiles show promising results in that PBMAH has a distinctive plasma steroid fingerprint that can help in diagnosis and subtyping of PBMAH. Finally, although surgery is the mainstay of treatment of patients with PBAH, medical therapy is increasingly emerging as an alternative option.

Summary
PBAH is a poorly studied and therefore a challenging disease to diagnose and treat. Hopefully with these newest diagnostic and therapeutic tools, a more comprehensive approach will be adopted.