bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unfolding macroprudential mechanisms: central bank-led mechanisms during the post-Global Financial Crisis Turkish experience
Authors: Akgünay Sinan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Global Financial Crisis of 2008 was followed by an increased volatility in capital flows, posing considerable macro-financial risks, especially for emerging markets. Turkey addressed these macro-financial risks between 2010 and 2011. Principal decision makers at the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey took policy actions by introducing policy mixes that trigger causal mechanisms informing the behaviour of bankers and their customers at the macro level to contain such risks. Utilising insights from causal mechanisms theory, critical realism, and realist evaluation, this article explores how the Central Bank implemented the policy mix. Our central argument is that at the macro level (i.e., structural and institutional contexts), causal mechanisms link actions with micro-level contexts (i.e., perceptions and reasoning of the target audience), whilst at the micro level, multiple causal mechanisms link policy outcomes with actor behaviour through non-linear feedback mechanisms. Our article contributes to the causal mechanisms literature by linking policy mixes and policy outcomes via causal mechanisms that informed agential actions and outcomes containing macro-financial risks.
Peltigera (Lecanoromycetes) on Mt Kilimanjaro, East Africa
Authors: Kaasalainen Ulla , Biermann Lea , Mollel Neduvoto P. , Schmidt Alexander R. , Hemp Andreas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTropical mountain forests are hotspots of biodiversity that are widely threatened by human population pressure and climate change. However, the cryptogamic species richness of many tropical mountain regions is insufficiently known, the poorly understood biodiversity of tropical African lichens being a prime example. To study the diversity of the genus Peltigera (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes) in East Africa, we studied lichens in a wide range of habitats on the slopes of Mt Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. Ranging from savannah to alpine heath vegetation and from natural forests to agricultural environments, 13 habitat types were sampled for lichens, which were then identified based on the nuITS genetic marker and morphology. We found eight Peltigera species on the slopes of Mt Kilimanjaro, including P. alkalicola sp. nov., P. dolichorhiza, P. polydactyloides, P. praetextata, P. rufescentiformis, P. seneca, P. sorediifera and P. ulcerata. Peltigera is most common and species-rich in the subalpine Erica forest zone, and four of the eight detected species were present only in the subalpine and alpine vegetation zones. Peltigera alkalicola was identified as a previously undescribed species, growing on trachybasaltic lava in the subalpine and alpine zones of Mt Kilimanjaro. The species resembles P. lepidophora but differs by possessing smaller thalli and peltate isidia that are distinctly dark on the lighter, tomentose lamina. Based on data from the NCBI GenBank, P. alkalicola probably also occurs in Alaska (USA) and Ningxia (China). This suggests that even though the species might generally be rare, it may have a global distribution in extreme mountain environments. For the first time, we report P. sorediifera from Tanzania and P. seneca from Africa.
A terrifying poison or a cheap fertilizer? The life and death of Mount Vesuvius ash
Authors: Guerra Corinna 
Published: November 2022

ArgumentDuring the eighteenth century, chemists in the Kingdom of Naples (the South of Italy) were very busy analyzing the chemical composition of ash from Mount Vesuvius. Undoubtedly, after a huge eruption this dusty phenomenon was the most important scientific object of debate. In fact, it was crucial to determine if there were dangerous elements in the ash so that the population could be warned about the potential hazards, such as polluted drinking water. This was not at all a simple issue, as on the other hand there were scholars who realized that ash could be beneficial as a fertilizer, even as clouds of ash had obscured the sun. As chemical inquiries became more precise and the toxic concentration of many elements became known, this double life of Vesuvian ash as a scientific object gradually died.
Dyeing off: On the deaths of dyestuffs as scientific objects
Authors: Paskins Mat 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBetween the 1870s and the 1920s, the dye industry was at the center of claims about the productivity of organic chemistry. Dyestuffs were widely represented as the most complex molecules to find commercial application, and positioned at the center of nationalist projects to establish chemical industry, especially in Britain and the United States. By the later twentieth century, the complex of scientific hopes which surrounded dyestuffs had largely disappeared. In Hans-Jörg Rheinberger’s terms, they had changed from “epistemic things” to, at best, “technical objects,” and lost their future-bearing status as the lynchpin of organic chemistry. Although developments in dyeing continue, dyestuffs have vacated the scientifically and culturally dynamic position that they once occupied; any restoration of this status would require a radical change in economic and material conditions. This paper considers the senses in which this change of status should be considered as the death of dyestuffs as a scientific object.
Law-jobs in the algorithmic society
Authors: Fortes Pedro Rubim Borges , Restrepo Amariles David 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt is now well established that algorithms are transforming our economy, institutions, social relations and ultimately our society. This paper explores the question – what is the role of law in the algorithmic society? We draw on the law-jobs theory of Karl Llewellyn and on William's Twining refinement of Llewellyn's work through the perspective of a thin functionalism to have a better understanding of what law does in this new context. We highlight the emergence of an algorithmic law, as law performs jobs such as the disposition of trouble-cases, the preventive channelling and reorientation of conduct and expectations, and the allocation of authority in the face of algorithmic systems. We conclude that the law-jobs theory remains relevant to understanding the role of law in the algorithmic society, but it is also challenged by how algorithms redefine who does or should do what law-jobs, and how they are done.
How Did I Get From There to Here?
Authors: Gordon Arnold L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this memoir I trace the trajectory from childhood to a career in physical oceanography. The trajectory was not based on a well thought out plan, but I had a sense of my interest in the ocean and atmosphere. One is faced with many career opportunities in life, choosing the best for you depends on your interest and talents. The better you understand them, the better you recognize “opportunity,” but be flexible, opportunity is never likely to be a perfect fit (it might actually be better fit to your “passion”). My research quest, as an observationalist, is to develop a clearer, conceptual, picture of ocean, how it “works,” with a tilt toward its role in the climate system. I have worked in the cold southern polar regions to the hot tropics, and in‐between; from the top to the bottom of the water column. Here I discuss a few discoveries that led to new insight into interocean exchange and deep ocean ventilation, which are now widely explored: Southern ocean: two modes of convection, along the margins of Antarctica and in the open ocean of the Weddell Sea; Agulhas Leakage: Indian Ocean invades the Atlantic, essential to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation; The Indonesian Throughflow: tropical Pacific water spreads into Indian Ocean, part of the global interocean thermocline exchange.
A Self‐Sustained Charge Neutrality Intracloud Lightning Parameterization Containing Channel Decay and Reactivation
Authors: Zheng Tianxue , Tan Yongbo , Wang Haichao , Shi Zheng , Lyu Weitao , Wu Bin , Zhang Yuankan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA self‐sustained charge neutrality parameterization scheme of intracloud (IC) lightning is presented in this paper. The scheme contains the following features: simultaneous development of multiple branches, polarity asymmetry of positive and negative leaders, nonlinear electrical parameters, complete charge neutrality, and channel decay and reactivation. Nonlinear electrical parameters and charge neutrality are the key factors that determinate channel decay and reactivation. To demonstrate the simulation capacity of this scheme, two simulated intracloud flashes by this scheme under the tripole charge structure are chosen for analysis. These two IC flashes show clearly the above features, where reactivation processes that initiated from different branches and the real‐time changes in nonlinear electrical parameters are mainly analyzed. The simulation results are in line with the current knowledge on lightning, which also suggests that the new scheme may become a useful tool to deeply explore the discharge phenomena involving channel decay and reactivation.
Comprehensive small RNA-sequencing of primary myeloma cells identifies miR-105-5p as a predictor of patient survival
Authors: Roseth Aass Kristin , Nedal Tonje Marie Vikene , Anshushaug Bouma Siri , Tryggestad Synne Stokke , Haukås Einar , Slørdahl Tobias Schmidt , Waage Anders , Standal Therese , Mjelle Robin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Small RNAs (sRNAs), a heterogenous group of non-coding RNAs, are emerging as promising molecules for cancer patient risk stratification and as players in tumour pathogenesis. Here, we have studied microRNAs (miRNAs) and other sRNAs in relation to survival and disease severity in multiple myeloma.

Methods
We comprehensively characterised sRNA expression in multiple myeloma patients by performing sRNA-sequencing on myeloma cells isolated from bone marrow aspirates of 86 myeloma patients. The sRNA expression profiles were correlated with the patients’ clinical data to investigate associations with survival and disease subgroups, by using cox proportional hazards (coxph) -models and limma-voom, respectively. A publicly available sRNA dataset was used as external validation (n = 151).

Results
We show that multiple miRNAs are differentially expressed between ISS Stage I and III. Interestingly, we observed the downregulation of seven different U2 spliceosomal RNAs, a type of small nuclear RNAs in severe disease stages. Further, by a discovery-based approach, we identified miRNA miR-105-5p as a predictor of poor overall survival (OS) in multiple myeloma. Multivariate analysis showed that miR-105-5p predict OS independently of established disease markers.

Conclusions
Overexpression of miR-105-5p in myeloma cells correlates with reduced OS, potentially improving prognostic risk stratification in multiple myeloma.
Mitochondria and cell death-associated inflammation
Authors: Vringer Esmee , Tait Stephen W. G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMitochondria have recently emerged as key drivers of inflammation associated with cell death. Many of the pro-inflammatory pathways activated during cell death occur upon mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), the pivotal commitment point to cell death during mitochondrial apoptosis. Permeabilised mitochondria trigger inflammation, in part, through the release of mitochondrial-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Caspases, while dispensable for cell death during mitochondrial apoptosis, inhibit activation of pro-inflammatory pathways after MOMP. Some of these mitochondrial-activated inflammatory pathways can be traced back to the bacterial ancestry of mitochondria. For instance, mtDNA and bacterial DNA are highly similar thereby activating similar cell autonomous immune signalling pathways. The bacterial origin of mitochondria suggests that inflammatory pathways found in cytosol-invading bacteria may be relevant to mitochondrial-driven inflammation after MOMP. In this review, we discuss how mitochondria can initiate inflammation during cell death highlighting parallels with bacterial activation of inflammation. Moreover, we discuss the roles of mitochondrial inflammation during cell death and how these processes may potentially be harnessed therapeutically, for instance to improve cancer treatment.
Tautomycin and enzalutamide combination yields synergistic effects on castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Luo Mayao , Zhang Yifan , Xu Zhuofan , Wu Chenwei , Ye Yuedian , Liu Rui , Lv Shidong , Wei Qiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe androgen receptor (AR) plays an essential role in prostate cancer progression and is a key target for prostate cancer treatment. However, patients with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy eventually experience biochemical relapse, with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer progressing into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The widespread application of secondary antiandrogens, such as enzalutamide, indicates that targeting AR remains the most efficient method for CRPC treatment. Unfortunately, neither can block AR signaling thoroughly, leading to AR reactivation within several months. Here, we report an approach for suppressing reactivated AR signaling in the CRPC stage. A combination of the protein phosphatase 1 subunit α (PP1α)-specific inhibitor tautomycin and enzalutamide synergistically inhibited cell proliferation and AR signaling in LNCaP and C4-2 cells, as well as in AR variant-positive 22RV1 cells. Our results revealed that enzalutamide competed with residual androgens in CRPC, enhancing tautomycin-mediated AR degradation. In addition, the remaining competitive inhibitory role of enzalutamide on AR facilitated tautomycin-induced AR degradation in 22RV1 cells, further decreasing ARv7 levels via a full-length AR/ARv7 interaction. Taken together, our findings suggest that the combination of tautomycin and enzalutamide could achieve a more comprehensive inhibition of AR signaling in CRPC. AR degraders combined with AR antagonists may represent a new therapeutic strategy for CRPC.
A meta-analysis of the diagnostic utility of biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Xiang Chunchen , Cong Shengri , Tan Xiaoping , Ma Shuang , Liu Yang , Wang Hailong , Cong Shuyan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBiomarkers play important roles in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Thus, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the diagnostic utility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers to distinguish PD from atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APSs) and controls. Data for PD and APS and controls were extracted from 123 studies that reported the concentration of CSF biomarkers. Comparisons were presented using pooled Hedges’ g. Sources of heterogeneity were evaluated using meta-regression, and subgroup and sensitivity analyses. We found that compared with controls, PD patients had lower levels of amyloid beta 1-42, phosphorylated tau, total tau, total α-synuclein, Zn, DJ-1, and YKL-40, and higher levels of oligomeric and phosphorylated α-synuclein. Moreover, lower CSF levels of neurofilament light chain, t-tau, YKL-40, and C-reactive protein were found in PD patients compared to those with multiple system atrophy. PD patients also had lower levels of NFL and higher levels of Aβ42 compared with patients with progressive supranuclear palsy. Reduced levels of p-tau and t-tau and higher Aβ42 levels were found in PD patients compared with patients with dementia with Lewy bodies. Finally, reduced NFL levels were found in patients with PD compared with patients with cortical basal degeneration. Therefore, we believe that the combinations of t-α-syn, Aβ42, and NFL could be promising biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of PD and APSs.
Deconstructing heterogeneity in schizophrenia through language: a semi-automated linguistic analysis and data-driven clustering approach
Authors: Bambini Valentina , Frau Federico , Bischetti Luca , Cuoco Federica , Bechi Margherita , Buonocore Mariachiara , Agostoni Giulia , Ferri Ilaria , Sapienza Jacopo , Martini Francesca , Spangaro Marco , Bigai Giorgia , Cocchi Federica , Cavallaro Roberto , Bosia Marta 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPrevious works highlighted the relevance of automated language analysis for predicting diagnosis in schizophrenia, but a deeper language-based data-driven investigation of the clinical heterogeneity through the illness course has been generally neglected. Here we used a semiautomated multidimensional linguistic analysis innovatively combined with a machine-driven clustering technique to characterize the speech of 67 individuals with schizophrenia. Clusters were then compared for psychopathological, cognitive, and functional characteristics. We identified two subgroups with distinctive linguistic profiles: one with higher fluency, lower lexical variety but greater use of psychological lexicon; the other with reduced fluency, greater lexical variety but reduced psychological lexicon. The former cluster was associated with lower symptoms and better quality of life, pointing to the existence of specific language profiles, which also show clinically meaningful differences. These findings highlight the importance of considering language disturbances in schizophrenia as multifaceted and approaching them in automated and data-driven ways.
Hippocampal representations of foraging trajectories depend upon spatial context
Authors: Jiang Wan-Chen , Xu Shengjin , Dudman Joshua T. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAnimals learn trajectories to rewards in both spatial, navigational contexts and relational, non-navigational contexts. Synchronous reactivation of hippocampal activity is thought to be critical for recall and evaluation of trajectories for learning. Do hippocampal representations differentially contribute to experience-dependent learning of trajectories across spatial and relational contexts? In this study, we trained mice to navigate to a hidden target in a physical arena or manipulate a joystick to a virtual target to collect delayed rewards. In a navigational context, calcium imaging in freely moving mice revealed that synchronous CA1 reactivation was retrospective and important for evaluation of prior navigational trajectories. In a non-navigational context, reactivation was prospective and important for initiation of joystick trajectories, even in the same animals trained in both contexts. Adaptation of trajectories to a new target was well-explained by a common learning algorithm in which hippocampal activity makes dissociable contributions to reinforcement learning computations depending upon spatial context.
Causal analysis and visualization of magnetization reversal using feature extended landau free energy
Authors: Kunii Sotaro , Masuzawa Ken , Fogiatto Alexandre Lira , Mitsumata Chiharu , Kotsugi Masato 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe magnetization reversal in nanomagnets is causally analyzed using an extended Landau free-energy model. This model draws an energy landscape in the information space using physics-based features. Thus, the origin of the magnetic effect in macroscopic pinning phenomena can be identified. The microscopic magnetic domain beyond the hierarchy can be explained using energy gradient analysis and its decomposition. Structural features from the magnetic domains are extracted using persistent homology. Extended energy is visualized using ridge regression, principal component analysis, and Hadamard products. We found that the demagnetization energy concentration near a defect causes the demagnetization effect, which quantitatively dominates the pinning phenomenon. The exchange energy inhibits pinning, promotes saturation, and shows slight interactions with the defect. Furthermore, the energy distributions are visualized in real space. Left-position defects reduce the energy barrier and are useful for the topological inverse design of recording devices.
Modelling the propagation of infectious disease via transportation networks
Authors: Anupriya  , Bansal Prateek , Graham Daniel J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe dynamics of human mobility have been known to play a critical role in the spread of infectious diseases like COVID-19. In this paper, we present a simple compact way to model the transmission of infectious disease through transportation networks using widely available aggregate mobility data in the form of a zone-level origin-destination (OD) travel flow matrix. A key feature of our model is that it not only captures the propagation of infection via direct connections between zones (first-order effects) as in most existing studies but also transmission effects that are due to subsequent interactions in the remainder of the system (higher-order effects). We demonstrate the importance of capturing higher-order effects in a simulation study. We then apply our model to study the first wave of COVID-19 infections in (i) Italy, and, (ii) the New York Tri-State area. We use daily data on mobility between Italian provinces (province-level OD data) and between Tri-State Area counties (county-level OD data), and daily reported caseloads at the same geographical levels. Our empirical results indicate substantial predictive power, particularly during the early stages of the outbreak. Our model forecasts at least 85% of the spatial variation in observed weekly COVID-19 cases. Most importantly, our model delivers crucial metrics to identify target areas for intervention.
Bone marrow-derived vasculogenesis leads to scarless regeneration in deep wounds with periosteal defects
Authors: Shirai Yuuki , Okano Junko , Nakagawa Takahiko , Katagi Miwako , Nakae Yuki , Arakawa Atsuhiro , Koshinuma Shinya , Yamamoto Gaku , Kojima Hideto 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDeep skin wounds with periosteal defects, frequently caused by traffic accidents or radical dissection, are refractory. Transplant surgery is frequently performed, but patients are subjected to stress for long operation periods, the sacrifice of donor regions, or several complications, such as flap necrosis or intractable ulcers. Even if the defects are covered, a scar composed of fibrous tissue remains in the body, which can cause itching, dysesthesia, or repeated ulcers because of the lack of distribution of peripheral nerves or hair follicles. Thus, treatments with the aim of regenerating lost tissue for deep wounds with periosteal defects are needed. Here, we show that the use of gelatin sponges (GS), which have been used as haemostatic materials in clinical practice, allowed the regeneration of heterogeneous tissues, including periosteum, skin, and skin appendages, when used as scaffolds in deep wounds with periosteal defects in rats. Bone marrow transplantation in rats revealed the mechanism by which the microenvironment provided by GS enabled bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) to form a vascular niche, followed by regeneration of the periosteum, skin, or skin appendages such as hair follicles by local cells. Our findings demonstrated that vascular niche formation provided by BMDCs is crucial for heterogeneous tissue regeneration.