bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the Cord Blood Transcriptome of Pregnancies Affected by Early Maternal Anemia to Identify Signatures of Fetal Programming
Authors: Hatem Gad , Hjort Line , Asplund Olof , Minja Daniel T R , Msemo Omari Abdul , Møller Sofie Lykke , Lavstsen Thomas , Groth-Grunnet Louise , Lusingu John P A , Hansson Ola , Christensen Dirk Lund , Vaag Allan A , Artner Isabella , Theander Thor , Groop Leif , Schmiegelow Christentze , Bygbjerg Ib Christian , Prasad Rashmi B 
Published: January 2022

AbstractContextAnemia during early pregnancy (EP) is common in developing countries and is associated with adverse health consequences for both mothers and children. Offspring of women with EP anemia often have low birth weight, which increases risk for cardiometabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), later in life.ObjectiveWe aimed to elucidate mechanisms underlying developmental programming of adult cardiometabolic disease, including epigenetic and transcriptional alterations potentially detectable in umbilical cord blood (UCB) at time of birth.MethodsWe leveraged global transcriptome- and accompanying epigenome-wide changes in 48 UCB from newborns of EP anemic Tanzanian mothers and 50 controls to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in UCB exposed to maternal EP anemia. DEGs were assessed for association with neonatal anthropometry and cord insulin levels. These genes were further studied in expression data from human fetal pancreas and adult islets to understand their role in beta-cell development and/or function.ResultsThe expression of 137 genes was altered in UCB of newborns exposed to maternal EP anemia. These putative signatures of fetal programming, which included the birth weight locus LCORL, were potentially mediated by epigenetic changes in 27 genes and associated with neonatal anthropometry. Among the DEGs were P2RX7, PIK3C2B, and NUMBL, which potentially influence beta-cell development. Insulin levels were lower in EP anemia–exposed UCB, supporting the notion of developmental programming of pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and subsequently increased risk of T2D in offspring of mothers with EP anemia.ConclusionsOur data provide proof-of-concept on distinct transcriptional and epigenetic changes detectable in UCB from newborns exposed to maternal EP anemia.
Sugammadex Versus Neostigmine for Reversal of Residual Neuromuscular Blocks After Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis of Postoperative Side Effects
Authors: Ruetzler Kurt , Li Kai , Chhabada Surendrasingh , Maheshwari Kamal , Chahar Praveen , Khanna Sandeep , Schmidt Marc T. , Yang Dongsheng , Turan Alparslan , Sessler Daniel I. 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:
Sugammadex and neostigmine given to reverse residual neuromuscular blockade can cause side effects including bradycardia, anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, and even cardiac arrest. We tested the hypothesis that sugammadex is noninferior to neostigmine on a composite of clinically meaningful side effects, or vice versa.

METHODS:
We analyzed medical records of patients who had general, cardiothoracic, or pediatric surgery and were given neostigmine or sugammadex from June 2016 to December 2019. Our primary outcome was a collapsed composite of bradycardia, anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, and cardiac arrest occurring between administration of the reversal agent and departure from the operation room. We a priori restricted our analysis to side effects requiring pharmacologic treatment that were therefore presumably clinically meaningful. Sugammadex would be considered noninferior to neostigmine (or vice versa) if the odds ratio for composite of side effects did not exceed 1.2.

RESULTS:
Among 89,753 surgeries in 70,690 patients, 16,480 (18%) were given sugammadex and 73,273 (82%) were given neostigmine. The incidence of composite outcome was 3.4% in patients given sugammadex and 3.0% in patients given neostigmine. The most common individual side effect was bradycardia (2.4% in the sugammadex group versus 2.2% neostigmine). Noninferiority was not found, with an estimated odds ratio of 1.21 (sugammadex versus neostigmine; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–1.34; noninferiority P = .57), and neostigmine was superior to sugammadex with an estimated odds ratio of 0.83 (0.74–0.92), 1-side superiority P < .001.

CONCLUSIONS:
The composite incidence was less with neostigmine than with sugammadex, but only by 0.4% (a negligible clinical effect). Since 250 patients would need to be given neostigmine rather than sugammadex to avoid 1 episode of a minor complication such as bradycardia or bronchospasm, we conclude that sugammadex and neostigmine are comparably safe.
Research Note: Gender Differences in Employment During the COVID-19 Epidemic
Authors: Villarreal Andrés , Yu Wei-hsin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe investigate the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on gender disparities in three employment outcomes: labor force participation, full-time employment, and unemployment. Using data from the monthly Current Population Survey, in this research note we test individual fixed-effects models to examine the employment status of women relative to that of men in the nine months following the onset of the epidemic in March of 2020. We also test separate models to examine differences between women and men based on the presence of young children. Because the economic effects of the epidemic coincided with the summer months, when women's employment often declines, we account for seasonality in women's employment status. After doing so, we find that women's full-time employment did not decline significantly relative to that of men during the months following the beginning of the epidemic. Gender gaps in unemployment and labor force participation did increase, however, in the early and later months of the year, respectively. Our findings regarding women's labor force participation and employment have implications for our understanding of the long-term effects of the health crisis on other demographic outcomes.
Cell trajectory modeling identifies a primitive trophoblast state defined by BCAM enrichment
Authors: Shannon Matthew J. , Baltayeva Jennet , Castellana Barbara , Wächter Jasmin , McNeill Gina L. , Yoon Ji Soo , Treissman Jenna , Le Hoa T. , Lavoie Pascal M. , Beristain Alexander G. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
In early placental development, progenitor cytotrophoblasts (CTB) differentiate along one of two cellular trajectories: the villous or extravillous pathways. CTB committed to the villous pathway fuse with neighboring CTB to form the outer multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast (SCT), whereas CTB committed to the extravillous pathway differentiate into invasive extravillous trophoblasts (EVT). Unfortunately, little is known about the processes controlling human CTB progenitor maintenance and differentiation. To address this, we established a single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset from first trimester placentas to identify cell states important in trophoblast progenitor establishment, renewal and differentiation. Multiple distinct trophoblast states were identified, representing progenitor CTB, column CTB, SCT precursors and EVT. Lineage trajectory analysis identified a progenitor origin that was reproduced in human trophoblast stem cell organoids. Heightened expression of basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM) defined this primitive state, where BCAM enrichment or gene silencing resulted in enhanced or diminished organoid growth, respectively. Together, this work describes at high-resolution trophoblast heterogeneity within the first trimester, resolves gene networks within human CTB progenitors and identifies BCAM as a primitive progenitor marker and possible regulator.
Validation of DE50-MD dogs as a model for the brain phenotype of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Crawford Abbe H. , Hildyard John C. W. , Rushing Sophie A. M. , Wells Dominic J. , Diez-Leon Maria , Piercy Richard J. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a fatal musculoskeletal disease, is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and cognitive impairment caused by brain dystrophin deficiency. Dog models of DMD represent key translational tools to study dystrophin biology and to develop novel therapeutics. However, characterisation of dystrophin expression and function in the canine brain is lacking. We studied the DE50-MD canine model of DMD that has a missense mutation in the donor splice site of exon 50. Using a battery of cognitive tests, we detected a neurocognitive phenotype in DE50-MD dogs, including reduced attention, problem solving and exploration of novel objects. Through a combination of capillary immunoelectrophoresis, immunolabelling, quantitative PCR and RNAScope in situ hybridisation, we show that regional dystrophin expression in the adult canine brain reflects that of humans, and that the DE50-MD dog lacks full-length dystrophin (Dp427) protein expression but retains expression of the two shorter brain-expressed isoforms, Dp140 and Dp71. Thus, the DE50-MD dog is a translationally relevant pre-clinical model to study the consequences of Dp427 deficiency in the brain and to develop therapeutic strategies for the neurological sequelae of DMD.
The nucleolar δ isoform of adapter protein SH2B1 enhances morphological complexity and function of cultured neurons
Authors: Cote Jessica L. , Vander Paul B. , Ellis Michael , Cline Joel M. , Svezhova Nadezhda , Doche Michael E. , Maures Travis J. , Choudhury Tahrim A. , Kong Seongbae , Klaft Olivia G. J. , Joe Ray M. , Argetsinger Lawrence S. , Carter-Su Christin 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
The adapter protein SH2B1 is recruited to neurotrophin receptors, including TrkB (also known as NTRK2), the receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Herein, we demonstrate that the four alternatively spliced isoforms of SH2B1 (SH2B1α–SH2B1δ) are important determinants of neuronal architecture and neurotrophin-induced gene expression. Primary hippocampal neurons from Sh2b1−/− [knockout (KO)] mice exhibit decreased neurite complexity and length, and BDNF-induced expression of the synapse-related immediate early genes Egr1 and Arc. Reintroduction of each SH2B1 isoform into KO neurons increases neurite complexity; the brain-specific δ isoform also increases total neurite length. Human obesity-associated variants, when expressed in SH2B1δ, alter neurite complexity, suggesting that a decrease or increase in neurite branching may have deleterious effects that contribute to the severe childhood obesity and neurobehavioral abnormalities associated with these variants. Surprisingly, in contrast to SH2B1α, SH2B1β and SH2B1γ, which localize primarily in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane, SH2B1δ resides primarily in nucleoli. Some SH2B1δ is also present in the plasma membrane and nucleus. Nucleolar localization, driven by two highly basic regions unique to SH2B1δ, is required for SH2B1δ to maximally increase neurite complexity and BDNF-induced expression of Egr1, Arc and FosL1.
Tracheal tube fusion in Drosophila involves release of extracellular vesicles from multivesicular bodies
Authors: Camelo Carolina , Körte Anna , Jacobs Thea , Luschnig Stefan 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) comprise diverse types of cell-released membranous structures that are thought to play important roles in intercellular communication. While the formation and functions of EVs have been investigated extensively in cultured cells, studies of EVs in vivo have remained scarce. We report here that EVs are present in the developing lumen of tracheal tubes in Drosophila embryos. We define two distinct EV subpopulations, one of which contains the Munc13-4 (also known as UNC13D) homolog Staccato (Stac) and is spatially and temporally associated with tracheal tube fusion (anastomosis) events. The formation of Stac-positive luminal EVs depends on the tracheal tip-cell-specific GTPase Arl3 (also known as Dnd in Drosophila), which is also required for the formation of Stac-positive multivesicular bodies (MVBs), suggesting that Stac-positive EVs derive from fusion of Stac-positive MVBs with the luminal membrane in tip cells during anastomosis formation. The GTPases Rab27 and Rab35 cooperate downstream of Arl3 to promote Stac-positive MVB formation and tube fusion. We propose that Stac-positive MVBs act as membrane reservoirs that facilitate tracheal lumen fusion in a process regulated by Arl3, Rab27, Rab35 and Stac.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Elastic energy storage across speeds during steady-state hopping of desert kangaroo rats (Dipodomys deserti)
Authors: Christensen Brooke A. , Lin David C. , Schwaner M. Janneke , McGowan Craig P. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTSmall bipedal hoppers, including kangaroo rats, are not thought to benefit from substantial elastic energy storage and return during hopping. However, recent species-specific material properties research suggests that, despite relative thickness, the ankle extensor tendons of these small hoppers are considerably more compliant than had been assumed. With faster locomotor speeds demanding higher forces, a lower tendon stiffness suggests greater tendon deformation and thus a greater potential for elastic energy storage and return with increasing speed. Using the elastic modulus values specific to kangaroo rat tendons, we sought to determine how much elastic energy is stored and returned during hopping across a range of speeds. In vivo techniques were used to record tendon force in the ankle extensors during steady-speed hopping. Our data support the hypothesis that the ankle extensor tendons of kangaroo rats store and return elastic energy in relation to hopping speed, storing more at faster speeds. Despite storing comparatively less elastic energy than larger hoppers, this relationship between speed and energy storage offers novel evidence of a functionally similar energy storage mechanism, operating irrespective of body size or tendon thickness, across the distal muscle–tendon units of both small and large bipedal hoppers.
Suction feeding biomechanics ofPolypterus bichir: investigating linkage mechanisms and the contributions of cranial kinesis to oral cavity volume change
Authors: Whitlow Katrina R. , Ross Callum F. , Gidmark Nicholas J. , Laurence-Chasen J. D. , Westneat Mark W. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTMany fishes use substantial cranial kinesis to rapidly increase buccal cavity volume, pulling prey into the mouth via suction feeding. Living polypterids are a key lineage for understanding the evolution and biomechanics of suction feeding because of their phylogenetic position and unique morphology. Polypterus bichir have fewer mobile cranial elements compared with teleosts [e.g. immobile (pre)maxillae] but successfully generate suction through dorsal, ventral and lateral oral cavity expansion. However, the relative contributions of these motions to suction feeding success have not been quantified. Additionally, extensive body musculature and lack of opercular jaw opening linkages make P. bichir of interest for examining the role of cranial versus axial muscles in driving mandibular depression. Here, we analyzed the kinematics of buccal expansion during suction feeding in P. bichir using X-ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology (XROMM) and quantified the contributions of skeletal elements to oral cavity volume expansion and prey capture. Mouth gape peaks early in the strike, followed by maximum cleithral and ceratohyal rotations, and finally by opercular and suspensorial abductions, maintaining the anterior-to-posterior movement of water. Using a new method of quantifying bones’ relative contributions to volume change (RCVC), we demonstrate that ceratohyal kinematics are the most significant drivers of oral cavity volume change. All measured cranial bone motions, except abduction of the suspensorium, are correlated with prey motion. Lastly, cleithral retraction is largely concurrent with ceratohyal retraction and jaw depression, while the sternohyoideus maintains constant length, suggesting a central role of the axial muscles, cleithrum and ceratohyal in ventral expansion.
The Second-Generation Click-to-Sense Probe for Intraoperative Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Tissues Based on Acrolein Targeting
Authors: Pradipta Ambara R , Michiba Hiroyuki , Kubo Anna , Fujii Motoko , Tanei Tomonori , Morimoto Koji , Shimazu Kenzo , Tanaka Katsunori 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Recently, we found that a bulky 2,6-diisopropylphenyl azide is more reactive than a simple phenyl azide toward acrolein. Herein, we conjugated tetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA) to the bulky phenyl azide and utilized it as a second-generation click-to-sense (CTS) probe to analyze cancer by targeting the cellular acrolein. Subsequently, we observed that this second-generation CTS probe could distinguish breast cancer tissues with higher sensitivity than the first-generation CTS probe. Moreover, adding Rh2(OAc)4 to the system promotes the formation of a metal carbenoid intermediate that accelerates the covalent attachment of the probe to an organelle in the cancer cells.
An Unprecedented Cembranoid with a Novel Tricyclo[9.3.0.02,12]tetradecane Skeleton and Related Diterpenes from the Soft Coral Sarcophyton cinereum
Authors: Chen Yi-Ju , Chao Chih-Hua , Huang Chiung-Yao , Hwang Tsong-Long , Chang Fang-Rong , Dai Chang-Feng , Sheu Jyh-Horng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cinerelolide (1) with an unprecedented tricyclo[9.3.0.02,12]tetradecane scaffold fused with a seven-membered lactone ring, and a new sarsolenone derivative, 11-deoxo-11α-hydroxysarsolenone (2), were isolated from the Formosan soft coral Sarcophyton cinereum. Their structures were rigorously determined by spectroscopic study, chemical transformation, and computational approach. Also, the structures of sarsolenone and 7-deacetylsarsolenone were revised in this work. Some of the isolates were shown to exhibit cytotoxicity toward a limited panel of cancer cell lines.
Microwave Boosting of Interfacial Tunneling Electron Transfer in a Quantum Dot-Sensitized Photoelectrode
Authors: Matsuhisa Masayuki , Kishimoto Fuminao , Furusawa Kosuke , Tsubaki Shuntaro , Wada Yuji 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Microwaves (MWs) with a frequency of sub–gigahertz or multi–gigahertz can promote a rotation of polar molecules and a vibration of electric charges through an interaction with the alternating electric fields which comprise the MWs. The MWs can also promote the rotation of dipoles formed at the interface of Schottky junctions and semiconductor heterojunctions (e.g. p–n junction), leading us to expect that photoinduced electron transfer reaction at the interface can be perturbed by the dipole rotation induced by MWs. In this paper, we successfully demonstrated that 2.45 GHz MWs can boost the photocurrents of FTO/TiO2 and FTO/TiO2/CdS electrodes, which are typically used electrode structures in quantum dot- or dye-sensitized solar cells. From photoelectrochemical analysis using precisely controlled MW power and illuminant wavelength, a model is proposed in which the tunneling electron transfer reactions occurring in photoelectrodes are accelerated by MW-induced perturbations of the interfacial dipoles at the tunneling interfaces. The model proposed here would open the way for novel applications of MWs in the fields of photo-, electro-, and photoelectrocatalysis with the aim of solar energy conversion.
Clinical Utility and Validity of Exercise Vital Sign in Children
Authors: Young Julie A. , Hand Brittany N. , Onate James A. , Valasek Amy E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We reviewed charts of 14,446 sports medicine patients, children aged 5 to 18 years, over a 3-year period to determine the discriminant validity of Exercise Vital Sign (EVS) questions. A logistic regression analyzed factors related to any moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). A linear regression analyzed factors related to amount of MVPA for those who participated in any weekly MVPA. Overall, 48% of children reported meeting physical activity guidelines for 420 min·wk−1. Overall, children reported 400.36 ± 280.04 min·wk−1 of MVPA. Those with depression had significantly less MVPA than those without (95% confidence interval [CI], −96.65 to −26.31). Girls had significantly less MVPA than boys (95% CI, −59.15 to −40.31). Overweight and obese children reported less MVPA compared with normal weight children (95% CIs, −42.65 to −17.29 and −91.61 to −65.50, respectively). EVS demonstrates strong discriminant validity to detect differences between groups as a function of sex, body mass index, and depression.
High-Intensity Interval Training in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Two-Center, Three-Armed Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: KIEL IDA A. , LIONETT SOFIE , PARR EVELYN B. , JONES HELEN , RØSET MARIA A. H. , SALVESEN ØYVIND , HAWLEY JOHN A. , VANKY ESZTER , MOHOLDT TRINE 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Exercise training is recommended to improve cardiometabolic health and fertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), yet there are few randomized controlled trials on the effects of different exercise protocols on clinical reproductive outcomes. Our aim was to determine the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIT) on menstrual frequency, as a proxy of reproductive function, in women with PCOS.

Methods
The IMPROV-IT study was a two-center randomized controlled trial undertaken in Norway and Australia. Women with PCOS were eligible for inclusion. After stratification for body mass index <27 or ≥27 kg·m−2 and study center, participants were randomly allocated (1:1:1) to high-volume HIT (HV-HIT), low-volume HIT (LV-HIT), or a control group. Measurements were assessed at baseline, after the 16-wk exercise intervention, and at 12-month follow-up. The primary outcome was menstrual frequency after 12 months. Secondary outcomes included markers of cardiometabolic and reproductive health, quality of life, and adherence to and enjoyment of HIT.

Results
We randomly allocated 64 participants to the HV-HIT (n = 20), LV-HIT (n = 21), or control group (n = 23). There were no differences in menstrual frequency at 12 months between the LV-HIT and control groups (frequency ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73–1.42), the HV-HIT and control groups (frequency ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.67–1.29), or the LV-HIT and HV-HIT groups (frequency ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.77–1.56). Menstrual frequency increased in all groups from baseline to 12 months. More participants became pregnant in the LV-HIT group (n = 5) than in the control group (n = 0, P = 0.02).

Conclusions
A semisupervised HIT intervention did not increase menstrual frequency in women with PCOS.

Clinical Trial Registration Number:
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02419482).