bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Damage Mechanism of Floor Roadway based on Stope Floor Zonal Damage Characteristics: A Case Study
Authors: Zhao Hongbao , Liu Yihong , Liu Shaoqiang , Sun Wenhao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
By means of field observation, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation etc., the zonal failure characteristics of stope floor and the asymmetric failure mechanism of floor roadway were studied. The study results showed that the floor roadway rib near the residual coal pillar has lower ultrasonic wave velocity than the other rib, with more developed fissures. The deflection is larger in the middle of the roadway roof and the tensile failure is the dominant one, and as a result, the ultrasonic wave velocity in the middle of the roadway roof is lower than that on both sides; under the advance abutment pressure, there was no large-scale failure in stope floor, while in the compaction stability stage, a large range of compressive shear failure was found in the residual pillar floor. The mining-induced unloading causes a large tensile stress at the internal defects of the floor rock in the goaf, which leads to the goaf floor dominated by tensile failure; the numerical simulation results revealed that there is a spherical stress concentrated shell and spherical stress relief body in the goaf floor. The shape and range of tensile plastic zone of the goaf floor correspond to the spherical stress relief body, and the shape and range of shear failure zone of the floor correspond to the spherical stress concentrated shell; One side of the floor roadway is close to the rock mass with compressive shear damage and the other side close to the rock mass with unloading-induced tensile damage, which is the main reason for the asymmetric failure of the roadway. According to the asymmetric failure mechanism of the floor roadway, asymmetric support measures are proposed for the roof and floor respectively.
Comparative Analysis of Deep Learning Based Afaan Oromo Hate Speech Detection
Authors: Ganfure Gaddisa Olani 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The network and openness of online media stages permit individuals to communicate their thoughts and offer encounters without any problem. Nonetheless, the Internet, as a typical stage for correspondence, has been weaponized to spread a blend of misrepresentations, misuse, and inclinations with far-running outcomes. Prominently, disdain discourse influences society in numerous angles, for example, influencing the emotional well-being of designated crowds, influencing social association , and prompting viciousness and interruption of properties. Whenever left unchecked, disdain discourse can possibly sabotage confidence in electing processes and undermine popularity-based foundations. Web-based media goliaths, for example, Facebook have been scrutinized for permitting its foundation to be utilized as a vehicle for disdain discourse , with least thought given to non-English pages, which has led to intermittent issues in strongly enraptured nations like Ethiopia and other emerging nations.Subsequently, there is a need to construct a hate speech detection model for Ethiopian languages like Afaan Oromo. Aiming to calm the effect of hate speech this paper examines the viability of deep learning models for Afaan Oromo hate speech recognition. Toward this, we collect and annotate the first and largest Afaan Oromo social media datasets. Variations of profound deep learning models such CNN, LSTMs, BiLSTMs, LSTM, GRU, and CNN-LSTM are examined to evaluate their viability in identifying Afaan Oromo Hate speeches. The examination result uncovers that the model dependent on CNN and Bi-LSTM somewhat outperforms every one of the models on the test dataset with an average F1-score of 87%. Overall, considering the Article Title nature of the Afaan Oromo language and the prevalence of hate speech, we believe that the finding of this study is promising for future works.
Control of Awn Length in Rice Breeding Programs in Hokkaido
Authors: Fujino Kenji , Yamanouchi Utako , Kawahara Yoshihiro , Shirasawa Kenta 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Understanding genetic diversity is a primary goal of the molecular evolution of the genes. Awn length is a well-documented phenotype among domestication traits in rice, from long to short awn. In addition, awnlessness is favor for current rice farmers. Here, we identified the genetic basis of awn length during rice breeding programs in Hokkaido. We found variation of awn length ranging from 0.0 to 37.6 mm. Varieties with a short-awn or awnlessness have been selected under rice breeding programs. Genetic analysis on awn length identified that RAE1 and RAE2 on chromosomes 4 and 8, respectively, accounted for awning. These genes were well known to be significant during Asian rice domestication. Sequence variations of the genes would clarify the molecular evolution of the genes on awn length. Firstly, the loss-of-function allele in RAE1, rae1, was selected for short awn length. Then, alleles on RAE2, RAE2-H01 to RAE2-H04, were targeted for the selection of short-awn or awnlessness. The selections on awnlessness phenotype could diversify these alleles on the genes, RAE1 and RAE2, exhibiting the variation of awn length.
Development, promotion, and application of online OvAge calculator based on the WeChat applet: Clinical prediction model research
Authors: Ren Qingling , Xu Wenwen , Wang Hui , Han LinTing , Zhao XueLi , Chen PanPan , Zhao Haiyang , Jin Jing , Zhu Zheng , Shao Fang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background:Currently, there are many clinical markers and models for evaluating ovarian reserve. However, none of them is ideal, especially the ovarian reserve assessment model applied to Chinese women, which needs further research. It is well known that the number of clinical samples is the main factor limiting the specificity and sensitivity of markers and models. At the same time, the traditional method of recruiting subjects requires a lot of time and has a high cost.Purpose: In this study, to explore the possibility of subjects self-reporting through WeChat applets and to provide more data for further optimization of the OvAge model, we developed an ovarian age prediction model for Chinese women.Methods: This study developed an online Ovarian Age（OvAge） calculator based on the WeChat applet and applied a generalized linear model to optimize the ovarian age prediction model that meets the physiological characteristics of Chinese women.Results: Compared with traditional recruitment methods, the online OvAge calculator can collect a large number of subjects in a very short time, which is efficient and convenient. In addition, the optimized formula, OvAge=exp(3.5254-0.001*PRL-0.0231*AMH), is currently a suitable model for ovarian age assessment of healthy Chinese women. We applied the final equation to the healthy population, decreased ovarian reserve (DOR), and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) population datasets. The results show that there is no significant difference between ovarian age and chronological age in healthy people, and the prediction accuracy is high.Conclusion: The OvAge calculator based on the WeChat applet is a new type of online self-report system that can collect a large number of subjects in a short time and can continuously optimize the model and update the applet version. This model is economical and efficient, and it is worthy of [1]promotion. The optimized OvAge model also provides a reference value for the clinical evaluation of ovarian reserve.
Hepatitis C Virus Prediction Based on Machine Learning Framework: a Real-world Case Study in Egypt
Authors: Mamdouh Haba , Shams Mahmoud Yasin , El-Hafeez Tarek Abd 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Prediction and classification of the diseases are essential in medical science, as it attempts to immune the spread of the disease and discover the infected regions from the early stages. Machine Learning (ML) approaches are commonly used for predicting and classifying the diseases that precisely utilized as an efficient tool for the doctors and specialists. To forecast Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) among Egyptian healthcare workers (HCWs), a prediction system based on machine learning methodologies is developed. We used data from the National Liver Institute (NLI), which was formed at Menoufiya University (Menoufiya, Egypt). The dataset includes 859 patients with 12 distinct characteristics. To test the proposed framework's robustness and dependability, we ran two scenarios, one without feature selection and the other with feature selection based on Sequential Forward Selection (SFS). In addition, a feature subset evaluation based on SFS-generated features is carried out. Induction algorithms and classifiers used for model evaluation include Nave Bayes (NB), Random Forest (RF), K Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Logistic Regression (LR). Then, the effect of parameter tuning on learning techniques is measured. The experimental results indicated that the proposed framework achieved higher accuracies after SFS selection than without feature selection. Moreover, the RF classifier achieved 94.06% accuracy with minimum learning elapsed time 0.54 sec. Finally, after adjusting the hyperparameter values of the RF classifier, the classification accuracy is improved to 94.88% using only four features.
Transcriptomic Profiling of Trypanosoma Congolense Mouthpart Parasites from Naturally Infected Flies
Authors: Pereira Sara Silva , Mathenge Kawira , Masiga Daniel , Jackson Andrew 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Animal African Trypanosomiasis, or nagana, is veterinary disease caused by African trypanosomes transmitted by tsetse flies. In Sub-Saharan Africa, Trypanosoma congolense is the major cause of nagana in livestock, resulting in high animal morbidity and mortality and extensive production losses. In the tsetse fly, parasites colonise the midgut and eventually reach the mouthparts, from where they can be transmitted as the fly feeds on vertebrate hosts such as cattle. Despite the extreme importance of mouthpart form parasites for disease transmission, very few global expression profile studies have been done in these parasite forms. Here, we collected tsetse flies from the Shimba Hills National Reserve, a wildlife area in southeast Kenya, diagnosed T. congolense infections, sequenced the transcriptomes of the T. congolense parasites colonising the mouthparts of the flies, and compared their expression profiles with those of parasites collected from experimental fly infections. We found little correlation between mouthpart parasites from natural and experimental fly infections. Furthermore, we performed differential gene expression analysis between mouthpart and bloodstream form parasites and identified several surface-expressed genes and 152 novel hypothetical proteins differentially expressed in mouthpart parasites. Finally, we profiled variant antigen expression and discovered a VSG gene constitutively expressed in metacyclic and bloodstream form parasites, that may be subject to novel developmental regulation. Our study is the first to provide trypanosome transcriptomes of parasites from naturally infected tsetse flies and highlights the need to confirm findings from experimental models of infection in epidemiologically-relevant settings.
Dithiolethiones Protect Against Iron Overload-Induced Cytotoxicity and Serve as Ferroptosis Inhibitors in U-87 MG Cells
Authors: Kulkarni Neha , Gadde Rajitha , Betharia Swati 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Iron overload-induced oxidative stress is known to trigger various cell death pathways such as apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and a novel iron-dependent, non-apoptotic form of cell death known as ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is driven by excessive lipid peroxidation coupled with reduced cellular antioxidant capacity and is implicated in iron overload-related neurodegenerative disorders. Dithiolethiones have emerged as promising compounds owing to their lipophilicity and cytoprotective potential against a wide range of toxicants. The two dithiolethiones 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T) and 5-amino-3-thioxo-3H-(1,2) dithiole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (ACDT) have previously been reported to display neuroprotection by a Nrf2-mediated upregulation of the endogenous antioxidant machinery. Here, we test them against ferric ammonium citrate (FAC)-induced toxicity in U-87 MG astrocytoma cells. Exposure to 15 mM FAC for 24 hours resulted in 53% cell death. A 24-hour pretreatment with 50 µM D3T and ACDT reversed this cytotoxicity with D3T being more efficacious compared to the standard antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Both dithiolethiones exhibited antioxidant effects by counteracting FAC-induced ROS and lipid peroxidation, reducing the need for GSH induction, and upregulating ferritin expression. Ferrostatin-1 (10 µM), a ferroptosis-specific inhibitor, inhibited FAC-induced ROS production, lipid peroxidation, and cell death, indicating for the first time that FAC induces ferroptosis in U-87 MG cells. A 24 hour pretreatment with dithiolethiones reversed erastin-induced ferroptosis by upregulating the xCT transporter and intracellular GSH levels thereby alleviating lipid peroxidation. RSL3-induced ferroptotic cell death and lipid peroxidation were also counteracted by pretreatment with D3T and ACDT. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that dithiolethiones are promising therapeutic compounds for the treatment of iron overload disorders involving ferroptotic cell death.
Cutaneous Reaction With Ifosfamide Plus Mesna. A Desensitization Challenge: A Case Report
Authors: Delgado-Prada Ana , Cuartero Julián Borrás , Miñano Roxana Farzanegan , Gorriz Maria Cruz Torres , Germán-Sánchez Adrián , Aznar Raquel Cervera , Raducan Isabela , Carrascosa Jose Vicente Castelló , Sanchez-Hernandez Alfredo , Miranda Ernesto Enrique 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundIfosfamide is an antineoplastic agent with alkylating activity usually administered in combination with mesna. The latter is a thiol agent with uroprotective activity that prevents side effects such as haemorrhagic cystitis or nephrotoxicity which allows the administration of higher doses of ifosfamide without unwanted secondary effects. This combined treatment can be used for a wide range of tumours such as testicular, lung, lymphoma, and in advanced solid, soft-tissue sarcomas and gynaecological tumours. Ifosfamide-mesna is administered as a continuous infusion rather than in a bolus to avoid central nervous system toxicity.Case presentation A 47-year-old man with the diagnosis of stage IV renal sarcoma who received treatment with ifosfamide-mesna every 3 weeks in a consecutive 4-day infusion protocol. However, during the second chemotherapy cycle he presented urticarial lesions. In the absence of scientific evidence for risk of immediate reactions with this association, and given the lack of described experiences of allergic reactions with this chemotherapy combination, the aggressiveness of the tumour process, and the absence of validated skin tests, we proposed the completion of a 12-step desensitisation protocol.Conclusion The 12-step desensitisation protocol was well tolerated. Therefore, it is an appropriate and safe option in the case of suspected allergy to ifosfamide plus mesna. Keywords Ifosfamide plus mesna, desensitization, chemotherapy
Improved Low Crosstalk, High Transmission and Quality Factor Eight Channel Demultiplexer Based on Photonic Crystal
Authors: Azadi Mohammad , Mohammadi Masoud , Olyaee Saeed , Seifouri Mahmood 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Due to the importance of all-optical demultiplexers (DEMUXs) in optical communication networks, this study aims to design and simulate a novel type of DEMUX using 2D photonic crystals (2D-PhCs). The proposed structure consists of one input waveguide and eight output channels considering linear and point defects. To design this DEMUX, silicon dielectric rods with the refractive index of 3.45 are employed in the air background, the radius of which is equal to R=0.21Ʌ (Ʌ = 0.522µm) where Ʌ is the lattice constant. The photonic band gap (PBG) and output spectrum of the structure are analyzed by the plane wave expansion (PWE) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods, respectively. The simulation results indicate the average quality factor and transmission efficiency are 3,602 and 98%, respectively, and inter-channel crosstalk ranges from -60.5 to -25.5 dB.
What Shapes The Gut Microbiome of Lizards From Different Habitats?
Authors: Vasconcelos Diana S. , Harris D. James , Damas-Moreira Isabel , Pereira Ana , Xavier Raquel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Host-gut microbiota interactions are complex and can have a profound impact on the ecology and evolution of both counterparts. Several host traits such as taxonomy, diet and social behavior, and external factors such as prey availability and local environment are known to influence the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota. In this study, we investigated the influence of taxonomy, sex, host size, locality/habitat on gut microbiota diversity in five lizard species from two different sites in Portugal. We also analyzed the potential levels of microbial transmission between species that live in sympatry and syntopy. We studied Podarcis bocagei and Podarcis lusitanicus from northern Portugal (Moledo); and two invasive species, Podarcis siculus and Teira dugesii, and the native Podarcis virescens from Lisbon. We used a metabarcoding approach to characterize the bacterial communities from the cloaca of lizards, sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA. Habitat/locality was found to be the main driver of the differences in composition and structure of gut bacterial communities of the studied lizards, with host effects more evident at finer taxonomic scales. Additionally, lizards from urbanized environments had higher microbiome diversity than lizards from rural areas. We detected a significant positive correlation between size and gut bacterial alpha-diversity in the invasive species P. siculus, which could be due to higher exploratory behaviours. Moreover, estimates of bacterial transmission indicate that P. siculus may have acquired a high proportion of local microbiota. These findings indicate that a diverse array of host and environmental factors can influence lizards gut microbiota.
Accuracy of SCORTEN in predicting mortality
Authors: Strużyna Jerzy , Surowiecka Agnieszka , Korzeniowski Tomasz , Korulczyk Patrycja , Drozd Lukasz , Stachura Aldona , Torres Kamil , Krajewski Andrzej 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundTEN patients require multi-directional and multi-disciplinary treatment. In most cases, they are hospitalised at intensive care units and require multi-directional, burn-complication preventive care. Choosing the most appropriate treatment option might be troublesome even when predicting scores are used. SCORTEN is the most renowned prognostic score for TEN patients, however, there are some data indicating that the accuracy of this test may be limited. The credibility of not just the predicted mortality risk, but also componential laboratory results and clinical features subject to debate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and credibility of SCORTEN in clinical practice, on proprietary material. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 35 patients with diagnosed in histopathology TEN was performed. The inclusion criteria were as follows: day of submission before 5th day from the onset of the symptoms, full protocol of plasmaphereses and IVIGs according to our scheme.Results:The sensitivity of SCORTEN for the analysed cohort was 100%, with a specificity of 24%. The estimated death was 41,9%, while the actual death rates were 12,5%. Our protocol improved the survival, OR=26,57, RR=6,34, p=0,022. Decrease in mortality was caused by a combined treatment protocol we use- plasmaphereses with IVIGs. No independent risk factor was significant in death evaluation. Conclusions:Our data suggest that the scoring system for predicting death among TEN patients are reliable when they are high. New prognostic factors should be found to improve the evaluation of patients with low SCORTEN.
Fisheries Restrictions and Their Cascading Effects on Herbivore Abundance and Macroalgae Removal at Kenyan Coral Reefs
Authors: Knoester Ewout Geerten , Plug Veerle Eline , Murk AJ , Sande Susan Okoth , Osinga Ronald 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The increase of macroalgae at degraded reefs impedes ecosystem services and calls for effective methods to facilitate a return to coral dominance. Removal of macroalgae (i.e. browsing) is typically realized by fish, but the role and identity of browsers at the heavily-fished East African Coast is still largely unknown. This study investigated how browsing pressure at Kenyan reefs (-4.700, 39.396) related to fisheries management and herbivore abundance. From October 2018 to January 2019, consumption during 24-h buffet assays using the brown macroalgae Sargassum and Padina was determined and video recorded at six sites: two in fished zones, two in marine reserves (traditional fishing allowed) and two in no-take zones. Herbivorous fish composition and biomass and urchin abundance were also determined. Consumption of both Sargassum and Padina was significantly lower in the fished zones (25% and 27% of macroalgal biomass consumed, respectively) compared to the no-take zones (66% and 81%), with intermediate consumption in the marine reserves (49% and 73%). Biomasses of herbivorous fish (browsers, grazers and scrapers) were between 3 to 30 times higher in the protected zones, whereas sea urchins and territorial damselfish were more abundant in fished zones. Macroalgae consumption correlated positively with the biomass of browsing and grazing fish and negatively with sea urchin abundance. Fish from various functional groups were identified as dominant browsers and these differed strongly across sites. These results indicate that fishing restrictions are likely to support reef resilience by increasing herbivorous fish biomass of key species and thereby promote macroalgae removal.