bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planning a Change Easily (PACE) for smokers who are not ready to quit: a telephone‐based, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Derefinko Karen J. , Bursac Zoran , Hand Sarah B. , Ebbert Jon O. , Womack Catherine , Klesges Robert C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsTo compare brief advice (BA), motivational interviewing (MI), rate reduction (RR), and combined MI and RR (MI + RR) to promote smoking cessation in smokers not ready to quit.DesignRandomized controlled trial with four parallel groups of smoking cessation intervention. Participants were randomly assigned 1:2:2:2 to receive one of the following interventions: BA (n = 128), MI (n = 258), RR (n = 257), and MI + RR (n = 260).SettingThe United States. All participant contact occurred over the telephone to be consistent with the typical quit line format.ParticipantsA total of 903 adult smokers. Participants had a mean age of 49 (SD = 13.3) years and were 28.9% male and 63.3% Caucasian.InterventionsThe BA group received advice similar to typical smoking cessation quit lines. The MI group received advice using basic MI principles to elicit language that indicates behavioral change. The RR group received behavioral skills training and nicotine gum. The MI + RR group combined elements of MI and RR conditions. All interventions were six sessions.MeasurementsThe primary outcome measure was self‐reported point prevalence at 12 months. The secondary outcome was self‐reported prolonged abstinence at 12 months.FindingsIntention to treat (ITT) point prevalence at 12 months indicated that BA (10.9%) had significantly lower point prevalence rates than RR (27.2%, OR = 3.17, 1.69–5.94), and MI + RR (26.9%, OR = 3.16, 1.68–5.93). BA did not have a significantly lower point prevalence rate than MI (15.5%, OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 0.81–3.02).ConclusionsThis randomized controlled trial provided evidence that rate reduction, which offers structured behavioral skills and nicotine gum, either alone or combined with motivational interviewing, is the most effective form of cessation intervention for smokers not ready to quit.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of arterial embolization compared with traditional management on outcomes of traumatic massive facial haemorrhage
Authors: Stallwood‐Hall Catrin , Anderson Jordan , Ebeid Annelize 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundMaxillofacial trauma accounts for ~10% of trauma presentations to most centres, with massive haemorrhage occurring in 1.2–4.5% of cases. Despite its infrequent presentation, there is significant associated morbidity and mortality. Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is playing an increasingly prominent role in trauma presentations. The aim of this article was to compare outcomes of TAE with more traditional management methods for the treatment of massive facial haemorrhage following maxillofacial trauma.MethodsA database and Google Scholar search was performed, with articles discussing massive facial haemorrhage secondary to maxillofacial trauma and its management included.ResultsTwenty‐seven articles were found that met inclusion criteria, encompassing 384 patients. Statistical testing comparing mortality between TAE and non‐TAE groups did not find a significant difference, with a mortality rate of 30.2% in the TAE group and 38.9% in the non‐TAE group. Assessment of morbidity directly related to interventions was difficult, as many of the included participants had significant associated injuries which contributed an indeterminate degree to morbidity. There was a 10% rate of adverse events associated with TAE, most commonly puncture site haematomas and soft tissue swelling, with more significant adverse events including cerebrovascular accidents and blindness.ConclusionEmbolization was correlated with increased rates of haemorrhage control when compared with other interventions. Overall, despite no significant impact on mortality, embolization is recommended in the management of massive haemorrhage following maxillofacial trauma due to improved success rates at haemorrhage control and a low rate of significant adverse events.
Aerobic‐interval exercise with blood flow restriction potentiates early markers of metabolic health in man
Authors: Christiansen Danny , Bishop David J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimThis study examined whether aerobic‐interval exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) potentiates early markers of metabolic health compared to exercise with systemic hypoxia or normoxia in man.MethodsIn a randomized‐crossover fashion, eight healthy men completed nine 2‐minute running bouts at 105% of their lactate threshold on three occasions separated by one week, either with BFR (BFR‐trial), systemic hypoxia (HYP‐trial) or normoxia (control; CON‐trial). Near‐infrared spectroscopy was used to assess the muscle level of hypoxia. A muscle biopsy was collected at rest and 3 hours after exercise to quantify genes involved in cholesterol synthesis (PGC‐1α2), glucose disposal (GLUT4) and capillary growth (HIF‐1α; VEGFA), as well as mitochondrial respiration (PGC‐1α2/3), uncoupling (UCP3) and expansion (p53; COXIV‐1/2; CS; AMPKα1/2).ResultsThe muscle level of hypoxia was matched between the BFR‐trial and HYP‐trial (~90%; P > .05), which was greater than the CON‐trial (~70%; P < .05). PGC‐1α2 increased most in the BFR‐trial (16‐fold vs CON‐trial; 11‐fold vs HYP‐trial; P < .05). GLUT4 and VEGFA selectively increased by 2.0 and 3.4‐fold, respectively in BFR‐trial (P < .05), which was greater than CON‐trial (1.2 and 1.3 fold) and HYP‐trial (1.2 and 1.8 fold; P < .05). UCP3 increased more in BFR‐trial than the HYP‐trial (4.3 vs 1.6 fold), but was not different between BFR‐trial and CON‐trial (2.1 fold) or between CON‐trial and HYP‐trial (P > .05). No trial differences were evident for other genes (P > .05).ConclusionIndependent of the muscle level of hypoxia, BFR‐exercise potentiates early markers of metabolic health associated with the regulation of cholesterol production and glucose homeostasis in man.
Assessing mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized fibres and biomarkers for mitochondrial content in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Kuang Jujiao , Saner Nicholas J. , Botella Javier , Lee Matthew J.‐C. , Granata Cesare , Wang Zhenhuan , Yan Xu , Li Jia , Genders Amanda J. , Bishop David J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimAssessments of mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial content are common in skeletal muscle research and exercise science. However, many sources of technical and biological variation render these analyses susceptible to error. This study aimed to better quantify the reliability of different experimental designs and/or techniques so as to assist researchers to obtain more reliable data.MethodsWe examined the repeatability of maximal mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in permeabilized muscle fibres via high‐resolution respirometry, and citrate synthase activity (a biomarker for mitochondrial content) in a microplate with spectrophotometery.ResultsFor mitochondrial respiration using permeabilized skeletal muscle fibres, the variability was reduced using three chambers and removing outliers compared to two chambers (CV reduced from 12.7% to 11.0%), and the minimal change that can be detected with 10 participants reduced from 17% to 13% according to modelling. For citrate synthase activity, the within‐plate CV (3.5%) increased when the assay was repeated after 4 hours (CV = 10.2%) and 4 weeks (CV = 30.5%). The readings were correlated, but significantly different after 4 hours and 4 weeks.ConclusionThis research provides evidence for important technical considerations when measuring mitochondrial respiration and content using citrate synthase activity as a biomarker. When assessing mitochondrial respiration in human skeletal muscle, the technical variability of high‐resolution respirometry can be reduced by increasing technical repeats and excluding outliers, practices which are not currently common. When analysing citrate synthase activity, our results highlight the importance of analysing all samples from the same study at the same time.
ID2 controls differentiation of enteroendocrine cells in mouse small intestine
Authors: Zinina Valeriya V. , Ruehle Frank , Winkler Patricia , Rebmann Lisa , Lukas Hanna , Möckel Stefanie , Diefenbach Andreas , Mendez‐Lago Maria , Soshnikova Natalia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsThe mammalian gut is the largest endocrine organ. Dozens of hormones secreted by enteroendocrine cells regulate a variety of physiological functions of the gut but also of the pancreas and brain. Here, we examined the role of the helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor ID2 during the differentiation of intestinal stem cells along the enteroendocrine lineage.MethodsTo assess the functions of ID2 in the adult mouse small intestine, we used single‐cell RNA sequencing, genetically modified mice, and organoid assays.ResultsWe found that in the adult intestinal epithelium Id2 is predominantly expressed in enterochromaffin and peptidergic enteroendocrine cells. Consistently, the loss of Id2 leads to the reduction of Chromogranin A‐positive enteroendocrine cells. In contrast, the numbers of tuft cells are increased in Id2 mutant small intestine. Moreover, ablation of Id2 elevates the numbers of Serotonin+ enterochromaffin cells and Ghrelin+ X‐cells in the posterior part of the small intestine. Finally, ID2 acts downstream of BMP signalling during the differentiation of Glucagon‐like peptide‐1+ L‐cells and Cholecystokinin+ I‐cells towards Neurotensin+ PYY+ N‐cells.ConclusionID2 plays an important role in cell fate decisions in the adult small intestine. First, ID2 is essential for establishing a differentiation gradient for enterochromaffin and X‐cells along the anterior‐posterior axis of the gut. Next, ID2 is necessary for the differentiation of N‐cells thus ensuring a differentiation gradient along the crypt‐villi axis. Finally, ID2 suppresses the commitment of secretory intestinal epithelial progenitors towards tuft cell lineage and thus controls host immune response to commensal and parasitic microbiota.
Blue ears: a clue to diagnosis of alkaptonuria identified via telemedicine consultation
Authors: Altemir Arcadi , Bara Javier , Setó-Torrent Núria , Salleras-Redonnet Montse , Morales Montserrat 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Alkaptonuria is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder with wide systemic involvement including pigment deposition. We present an unusual case diagnosed by an image obtained via telemedicine showing pigment deposition in the earlobe. We highlight how this clue may allow prompt diagnosis of alkaptonuria and prevent disease progression.
Click https://www.wileyhealthlearning.com/#/online-courses/5da3bb51-40d1-4d42-9c4b-610d68106e25 for the corresponding questions to this CME article.
Effects of parental migration on Chinese children's mental health: mediating roles of social support from different sources
Authors: Fu Yao , Zhou Xiaochen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite the literature on children's mental health in the context of migration is expanding, little is known about the mechanism by which parental migration may affect children's mental health. This study investigated which sources of social support may mediate the effects of parental migration. Using a multistage probability strategy to obtain a representative sample of school‐aged children in Western China, the sample included 1892 respondents. Ordinary least squares regressions were applied to estimate the associations between caregiving arrangements/the length of parental migration and children's mental health. The mediating effects of social support in the above‐mentioned relationships were examined using the product‐of‐coefficient method with bootstrapping resampling. Leaving children alone with no caregiver significantly increased children's risk of being depressed. Compared with those with non‐migrant parents, children whose parents had migrated one to 5 years were less likely to have flourishing mental health. Social support from the family, teachers and peers all served as mediators between parental migration and children's mental health but showed different mediating mechanisms. The results highlighted significant variations in left‐behind children's mental health caused by distinct left‐behind experiences and levels of support. The findings provide implications for designing social service programs in family and school settings.
The relationship between perceptions of shared decision‐making and patient‐reported outcomes in a cross‐sectional cohort of haemorrhoidectomy patients
Authors: Merali Khalil , Karimuddin Ahmer , Crump Trafford , Brown Carl , Phang Terry , Raval Manoj , Liu Guiping , Sutherland Jason M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimShared decision‐making between patients and clinicians is important to surgical practice and patients' perceptions of their healthcare experience. This study aims to measure associations between patients' perceptions of their shared decision‐making (SDM) process and health‐related quality of life among a cohort of patients choosing surgical management of an elective surgical procedure, haemorrhoidectomy.MethodsThis study is a single‐site study based in Vancouver, Canada. Consecutive patients of five colorectal surgeons registered for elective haemorrhoidectomy between September 2016 and June 2020 were eligible to participate. Participants completed the CollaboRATE instrument which measures patients' perceptions of their SDM after the surgical consultation, along with a number of other patient‐reported outcomes.ResultsThe participation rate was 45.3%, with 157 patients scheduled for haemorrhoidectomy providing complete information. Unadjusted results found that participants having the most comorbidities reported better communication with their surgeon. The adjusted results show that socioeconomic status and depression were associated with lower CollaboRATE scores. There was no effect of sex, pain interference, anxiety or perceived health status on participants’ CollaboRATE scores.ConclusionThis study found evidence that participants with lower economic status or those reporting depressive symptoms had worse perceptions of their SDM process with their surgeon. These findings suggest that special attention should be paid to the surgical decision‐making process for these patient populations.
Dulaglutide and incident atrial fibrillation or flutter in patients with type 2 diabetes: A post hoc analysis from the REWIND randomized trial
Authors: Raubenheimer Peter J. , Cushman William C. , Avezum Alvaro , Basile Jan , Conget Ignacio , Dagenais Gilles , Hoover Anastasia , Jansky Petr , Lanas Fernando , Leiter Lawrence A. , Lopez‐Jaramillo Patricio , Pogosova Nana , Probstfield Jeffrey , Rao‐Melacini Purnima , Rydén Lars , Sheu Wayne H.‐H. , Temelkova‐Kurktschiev Theodora , C. Gerstein Hertzel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTo assess the occurrence of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter (atrial arrhythmias [AA]) in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with once‐weekly subcutaneous dulaglutide versus placebo.Materials and MethodsPatients without electrocardiographic (ECG)‐confirmed AA at baseline and randomized in the REWIND trial were assessed for the development of AA based on an annual ECG. Additional analyses included whether dulaglutide compared with placebo reduced the composite outcome of AA or death, AA or cardiovascular death, AA or stroke and AA or heart failure.ResultsAmong 9543 participants (mean age 66 ± 7 years, with cardiovascular risk factors and 31% with previous cardiovascular disease) without AA at entry in the trial, 524 patients (5.5%) had at least one episode of AA during the median 5.4 years of follow‐up. Incident AA occurred in 269 of the 4769 participants allocated to dulaglutide (5.6%), at a rate of 10.7 per 1000 person‐years, versus 255 of the 4774 allocated to placebo (5.3%), at a rate of 10.5 per 1000 person‐years (P = .59). There was also no effect of dulaglutide on the composite outcome of AA and death or AA and heart failure.ConclusionThis post hoc analysis of data from the REWIND trial showed that treatment with dulaglutide was not associated with a reduced incidence of AA in this at‐risk group of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Understanding the clinical implications of differences between glucose management indicator and glycated haemoglobin
Authors: Gomez‐Peralta Fernando , Choudhary Pratik , Cosson Emmanuel , Irace Concetta , Rami‐Merhar Birgit , Seibold Alexander 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLaboratory measured glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is the gold standard for assessing glycaemic control in people with diabetes and correlates with their risk of long‐term complications. The emergence of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has highlighted limitations of HbA1c testing. HbA1c can only be reviewed infrequently and can mask the risk of hypoglycaemia or extreme glucose fluctuations. While CGM provides insights in to the risk of hypoglycaemia as well as daily fluctuations of glucose, it can also be used to calculate an estimated HbA1c that has been used as a substitute for laboratory HbA1c. However, it is evident that estimated HbA1c and HbA1c values can differ widely. The glucose management indicator (GMI), calculated exclusively from CGM data, has been proposed. It uses the same scale (% or mmol/mol) as HbA1c, but is based on short‐term average glucose values, rather than long‐term glucose exposure. HbA1c and GMI values differ in up to 81% of individuals by more than ±0.1% and by more than ±0.3% in 51% of cases. Here, we review the factors that define these differences, such as the time period being assessed, the variation in glycation rates and factors such as anaemia and haemoglobinopathies. Recognizing and understanding the factors that cause differences between HbA1c and GMI is an important clinical skill. In circumstances when HbA1c is elevated above GMI, further attempts at intensification of therapy based solely on the HbA1c value may increase the risk of hypoglycaemia. The observed difference between GMI and HbA1c also informs the important question about the predictive ability of GMI regarding long‐term complications.
(−)‐Epicatechin improves body composition of male rats descendant of obese mothers postnatally fed with a high‐fat diet
Authors: De los Santos Sergio , Coral‐Vázquez Ramón Mauricio , Menjivar Marta , de los Ángeles Granados‐Silvestre María , De la Rosa Sebastián , Reyes‐Castro Luis Antonio , Méndez Juan Pablo , Zambrano Elena , Canto Patricia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA combination of maternal obesity and high‐fat diet (HFD) in offspring postnatal life has deleterious effects, and (−)‐epicatechin (Epi) treatment can reverse these adverse effects. To investigate whether Epi administration can modify fat mass, muscle mass, and bone mass in male rats descended from obese mothers, fed postnatally on an HFD. Male offspring of mothers fed with control diet formed the control group (C), control group with high‐fat diet (CHF), and control group with high‐fat diet + epicatechin (CHF + Epi). Male offspring of maternal obesity formed the group with control diet (MO), maternal obesity group with high‐fat diet (MOHF), and maternal obesity group with high‐fat diet + epicatechin (MOHF + Epi). We measured total fat and weight of visceral adipose tissue by dissection and by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry scanning body composition. Epicatechin diminished total and visceral pads fat of male offspring of CHF + Epi and MOHF + Epi groups versus to male offspring of CHF and MOHF groups. Besides, epicatechin increased lean mass in CHF + Epi and MOHF + Epi groups, but these changes were not significant. Total body mineral density of the male offspring of CHF, MOHF, and MOHF + Epi groups was significantly higher versus male offspring of C and MO groups. Obesity programming model plus a high‐fat postnatal diet presents higher visceral adipose tissue, decreased lean mass, and modified body mineral density when compared with a direct obesity model and its controls. Epicatechin treatment improved body composition; however, it was not able to induce similar values as presented by the controls.
Drainage rearrangements and in situ diversification of an endemic freshwater fish genus from north‐eastern Brazilian rivers
Authors: Barreto Silvia Britto , Knowles L. Lacey , Mascarenhas Rilquer , Affonso Paulo Roberto Antunes de Mello , Batalha‐Filho Henrique 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Drainage rearrangements, either headwater captures or coastal paleodrainages formed when sea level was low, are often invoked to explain connectivity and isolation among fish populations. Unravelling these events is crucial for understanding the evolutionary processes that have shaped the genetic diversity and differentiation in freshwater fishes, which is especially relevant in regions with high endemism and species richness.

Here, we analyse mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and genomic (restriction site‐associated DNA) data to test the putative effects of the current configuration of basins and historical drainage rearrangements on the genetic structuring of a characid fish (Nematocharax) endemic to a largely overlooked Neotropical freshwater ecoregion—the North‐eastern Mata Atlantica. Bathymetric and geomorphological data were also used to generate hypotheses for two potential routes of dispersal (headwater captures and coastal paleodrainages).

We found that the divergence between lineages from the highlands of the Brazilian shield and the lowlands occurred during the Mio‐Pliocene (i.e., divergence between Nematocharax varii and Nematocharax venustus), followed by divergence events within N. venustus in lowland basins during the Pleistocene. The general distribution of genetic variation in N. venustus seems to reflect the current configuration of basins, suggesting long‐term isolation, but a subset of the inferred drainage rearrangements have facilitated movement among these catchments, which is supported by both mitochondrial DNA and genomic data.

Our results suggest that the North‐eastern Mata Atlantica river basins have had their own independent histories, except for some past temporary connections that allowed dispersal events and multiple independent colonisation of basins, as seen in the Contas and Cachoeira river systems.

Estimating when and where connections between river basins may have occurred is fundamental to understand the role of different historical processes structuring divergence in freshwater fish species.