bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caregiver’s perspectives on the Central Nervous System infection illness trajectory among older persons with dementia in Northern Uganda—a qualitative community-based study
Authors: Benyumiza Deo , Kumakech Edward , Gutu Jastine , Banihani Jude , Mandap Joshua , Talib Zohray M. , Wakida Edith K. , Maling Samuel , Obua Celestino 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Few studies have explored the Central Nervous System (CNS) infection illness trajectory among older persons with dementia in sub-Saharan African (SSA) settings. This study explored the Caregiver’s perspectives on the Central Nervous System infection illness trajectory among the older persons with dementia in Northern Uganda.

Methods
This was a qualitative study conducted in Lira District northern Uganda in March 2022 amongst purposively selected 20 caregivers of the older persons aged 50 + years with a positive history of CNS infection and later life dementia. Data were collected using an in-depth interview guide. Audio recordings and field notes of the interviews were undertaken. The interviews generated data on the CNS infection illness trajectory from onset to the current demented state of the older persons. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim before manual reflective thematic analysis.

Results
Older persons with a positive history of CNS infection illness and later life dementia in rural northern Uganda presented with symptoms of early life CNS infection illness ranging from neck pain, back pain, chronic headache, and fatigue. There were also manifestations of comorbidities particularly road traffic accidents involving traumatic injury to the head, neck, and spine, high blood pressure, chronic headache, and or their medications in the older person’s trajectory to later life dementia. A plurality of healthcare which included both formal and informal healthcare medicines was sought and utilized for the treatment and care of the CNS infection illness and dementia by the older persons amidst improper diagnosis and mismanagement.

Conclusions and recommendations
Older persons with early-life CNS infections illness and later-life dementia were reported to present with symptoms including neck pain, back pain, chronic headache, high blood pressure, and fatigue. The reported symptoms of CNS infection illness may be intertwined with co-morbidities particularly traumatic injury involving the head, neck, and spine, high blood pressure, and chronic headache. Healthcare professionals should integrate routine screening of older persons for the history of CNS infections, chronic headache, high blood pressure, trauma to the head, neck, and spine, and dementia and early treatment.
Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients during B.1.1.529 (Omicron) dominance compared to B.1.617.2 (Delta) in 89 German hospitals
Authors: Leiner Johannes , Pellissier Vincent , Hohenstein Sven , König Sebastian , Schuler Ekkehard , Möller Robert , Nachtigall Irit , Bonsignore Marzia , Hindricks Gerhard , Kuhlen Ralf , Bollmann Andreas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.529 (Omicron) was first described in November 2021 and became the dominant variant worldwide. Existing data suggests a reduced disease severity with Omicron infections in comparison to B.1.617.2 (Delta). Differences in characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of COVID-19 patients in Germany during the Omicron period compared to Delta are not thoroughly studied. ICD-10-code-based severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) surveillance represents an integral part of infectious disease control in Germany.

Methods
Administrative data from 89 German Helios hospitals was retrospectively analysed. Laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections were identified by ICD-10-code U07.1 and SARI cases by ICD-10-codes J09-J22. COVID-19 cases were stratified by concomitant SARI. A nine-week observational period between December 6, 2021 and February 6, 2022 was defined and divided into three phases with respect to the dominating virus variant (Delta, Delta to Omicron transition, Omicron). Regression analyses adjusted for age, gender and Elixhauser comorbidities were applied to assess in-hospital patient outcomes.

Results
A total cohort of 4,494 inpatients was analysed. Patients in the Omicron dominance period were younger (mean age 47.8 vs. 61.6; p < 0.01), more likely to be female (54.7% vs. 47.5%; p < 0.01) and characterized by a lower comorbidity burden (mean Elixhauser comorbidity index 5.4 vs. 8.2; p < 0.01). Comparing Delta and Omicron periods, patients were at significantly lower risk for intensive care treatment (adjusted odds ratio 0.72 [0.57–0.91]; p = 0.005), mechanical ventilation (adjusted odds ratio 0.42 [0.31–0.57]; p < 0.001), and in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio 0.42 [0.32–0.56]; p < 0.001). This also applied mostly to the separate COVID-SARI group. During the Delta to Omicron transition, case numbers of COVID-19 without SARI exceeded COVID-SARI for the first time in the pandemic’s course.

Conclusion
Patient characteristics and outcomes differ during the Omicron dominance period as compared to Delta suggesting a reduced disease severity with Omicron infections. SARI surveillance might play a crucial role in assessing disease severity of future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Playing a musical instrument and the risk of dementia among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Arafa Ahmed , Teramoto Masayuki , Maeda Saori , Sakai Yukie , Nosaka Saya , Gao Qi , Kawachi Haruna , Kashima Rena , Matsumoto Chisa , Kokubo Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Engaging in leisure activities was suggested to protect older adults from dementia. However, the association between playing a musical instrument and the risk of dementia is not well-established. This study aimed to investigate this association in older adults using a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Methods
Pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of having dementia for older adults playing a musical instrument were calculated using the random-effects model. We performed the I2 statistic to detect heterogeneity across studies and the test for funnel plot asymmetry to assess publication bias. The risk of bias assessment was conducted using the modified Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.

Results
A total of three prospective cohort studies were found eligible: two from the U.S. and one from Japan. Playing a musical instrument, in the meta-analysis, was significantly associated with a decreased risk of dementia (HR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.98) among older adults. No signs of significant heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 23.3% and p-heterogeneity = 0.27) or publication bias (z= -1.3 and p-publication bias = 0.18) were identified.

Conclusion
Playing a musical instrument was associated with a decreased risk of dementia among older adults. Older adults should be encouraged to engage in leisure activities, especially playing musical instruments.
Cultural adaptation of the guidelines for offering mental health first aid to a person after a potentially traumatic event: a delphi expert consensus study in Brazil
Authors: Mendes Kathlen Nataly , Peres Carlos Henrique Mesquita , Cerqueira Amanda Vidotto , Assumpção Thais Alves , Loch Alexandre Andrade , Reavley Nicola J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background:
Traumatic events increase the risk of mental disorders. In a country with relatively under-developed mental health support systems, services to assist people who have experienced potentially traumatic events may be unavailable. In such situations, people in the community become key sources of support. However, they do not always have the knowledge and skills to offer effective help. This study reports on the cultural adaptation for Brazil of the English-language mental health first aid guidelines for helping someone who has experienced a potentially traumatic event.

Methods:
A Delphi expert consensus study with two expert panels, one comprising health professionals with experience in the treatment of trauma (n = 33) and the other comprising people with lived experience, (n = 29) was conducted. A questionnaire containing 131 statements from the English language guidelines was translated into Brazilian Portuguese. Participants were asked to rate the importance of actions to be taken to help a person who has experienced a potentially traumatic event and to suggest new items where appropriate.

Results:
Data were collected over two survey rounds. A total of 149 items were included in the final guidelines (110 items from the English-language guidelines and 39 new items created from expert panel comments, in the second round). Immediate action items were endorsed by both panels, while items related to encouraging victims were rejected by the professional panel. The suggested statements mostly related to providing psychological support and attending to the person’s subjective experience rather than providing material or structural support.

Conclusion:
While there were many similarities with the English-language guidelines for high-income countries, the guidelines also incorporate actions of importance for Brazil, including the emphasis on the first aider’s management of the person’s subjective experiences. These guidelines may inform Mental Health First Aid training for Brazil and may also be used as standalone resources.
Future public health emergencies and disasters: sustainability and insights into support programs for healthcare providers
Authors: Dhuper Misha , Ruttan Lesley , MacGillvray Lindsey , McKay Martha , Li Adrienne , Stewart Donna , Abbey Susan , Berkhout Suze , Sheehan Kathleen , Schulz-Quach Christian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs) has been at the forefront throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. While workplace-based support programs have been developed in hospitals globally, few systematically collected data. While critical to their success, information on these programs and the experience of mental healthcare providers (MHP) who support colleagues is limited. The objective of this study was to explore the experiences of MHP caring for HCW colleagues within a novel workplace-based mental health support program during the COVID-19 pandemic, to provide insights on facilitators, areas for improvement and barriers to program sustainability.

Methods
This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews conducted by videoconference between September 2020 to October 2021. UHN CARES (University Health Network Coping and Resilience for Employees and Staff) Program was developed during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. It supports over 21,000 staff members within the UHN, Canada’s largest academic health research institution, in Toronto, Canada. Purposive sampling was used to select 10 of the 22 MHP in the UHN CARES Program (n = 10). Using a critical realism framework, key components required to sustain a successful workplace-based mental health support program for HCWs and balance the needs of MHP were determined.

Results
Six psychiatrists and four psychologists (n = 10) with varying roles at UHN participated in 17 interviews, including seven repeat interviews exploring changes over time within the pandemic and program. Components which facilitated the success of the program included flexibility in scheduling, confidential health record storage, comprehensive administrative support, availability of resources and adaptive quality improvement approach. Recommendations for improvement included opportunities for peer supervision, triaging of cases, and managing HCW expectations. MHP found caring for HCWs to be meaningful and they utilized existing clinical skills during sessions. Challenges included working in a virtual setting, navigating boundaries when caring for colleagues, and managing the range of service users and their needs.

Conclusions
These findings suggest how support programs can be structured for HCWs, how to provide support, and how to sustain this support, allowing health systems to balance the needs of HCWs and MHPs in preparation for future public health emergencies.
Electroconvulsive therapy combined with lithium developed reversible pure anomic aphasia: a case report
Authors: Yang Qian , Cheng Xiaofei , Su Zhewei , Sun Linyuan , Li Mingli 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) combined with mood stabilizers is an effective method of treatment for manic episodes; however, there are controversial views on its side effects.

Case presentation
A 53-year-old man was diagnosed with bipolar disorder during a manic episode, and had previous conditions such as hypertension, and diabetes. He developed reversible delirium and anomic aphasia during combined treatment with lithium and ECT (Li-ECT). No other neurological symptoms or signs happened during the one-month follow-up period.

Conclusions
The anomic aphasia appeared after ECT was reversible. Li-ECT should be administered with caution to middle- and older-aged patients with comorbidities, and serum Li levels should be closely monitored during the treatment period.
Knowledge of COVID-19 and the impact on indigents’ access to healthcare in Burkina Faso
Authors: Bonnet E. , Beaugé Y. , Ba M. F. , Sidibé S. , De Allegri M. , Ridde V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 constitutes a global health emergency of unprecedented proportions. Preventive measures, however, have run up against certain difficulties in low and middle-income countries. This is the case in socially and geographically marginalized communities, which are excluded from information about preventive measures. This study contains a dual objective, i) to assess knowledge of COVID-19 and the preventive measures associated with it concerning indigents in the villages of Diebougou’s district in Burkina Faso. The aim is to understand if determinants of this understanding exist, and ii) to describe how their pathways to healthcare changed from 2019 to 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThe study was conducted in the Diebougou healthcare district, in the south-west region of Burkina Faso. We relied on a cross-sectional design and used data from the fourth round of a panel survey conducted among a sample of ultra-poor people that had been monitored since 2015. Data were collected in August 2020 and included a total of 259 ultra-poor people. A multivariate logistic regression to determine the factors associated with the respondents' knowledge of COVID-19 was used.ResultsHalf of indigents in the district said they had heard about COVID-19. Only 29% knew what the symptoms of the disease were. The majority claimed that they protected themselves from the virus by using preventive measures. This level of knowledge of the disease can be observed with no differences between the villages. Half of the indigents who expressed themselves agreed with government measures except for the closure of markets. An increase of over 11% can be seen in indigents without the opportunity for getting healthcare compared with before the pandemic.ConclusionsThis research indicates that COVID-19 is partially known and that prevention measures are not universally understood. The study contributes to reducing the fragmentation of knowledge, in particular on vulnerable and marginalized populations. Results should be useful for future interventions for the control of epidemics that aim to leave no one behind.
Inpatient care provider perspectives on the development and implementation of an addiction medicine consultation service in a small urban setting
Authors: Beckett Madelaine , Hering Ramm , Urbanoski Karen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
To evaluate provider perspectives on the development and implementation of an inpatient Addiction Medicine Consult Service, including their awareness of the service, its perceived role in the continuum of care, and changes over time in their perceptions of care quality for inpatients with substance use disorders.

Methods
Repeated cross-sectional survey of hospital-based physicians, nurses and social workers performed at service launch (April–June, 2017) and 4 years later (March–June, 2021).

Results
Providers had generally positive perceptions of the service and its impact on care quality, but encountered significant barriers at both time points in meeting patient needs (related to high patient complexity and difficulty connecting patients with community services post-discharge). Relative to physicians and social workers, nurses were less likely to be familiar with the service or see it as beneficial.

Conclusions
Findings indicate that the service fills a gap that existed previously in the local system of care; however, numerous opportunities exist to further strengthen the system beyond the hospital setting to promote longer-term health among people who use substances. For nurses in particular, outreach, education, and other resources (e.g., dedicated nursing role support, nurse liaison) are warranted to ensure that nurses feel supported and confident caring for this patient population.
DrugTax: package for drug taxonomy identification and explainable feature extraction
Authors: Preto A. J. , Correia Paulo C. , Moreira Irina S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDrugTax is an easy-to-use Python package for small molecule detailed characterization. It extends a previously explored chemical taxonomy making it ready-to-use in any Artificial Intelligence approach. DrugTax leverages small molecule representations as input in one of their most accessible and simple forms (SMILES) and allows the simultaneously extraction of taxonomy information and key features for big data algorithm deployment. In addition, it delivers a set of tools for bulk analysis and visualization that can also be used for chemical space representation and molecule similarity assessment. DrugTax is a valuable tool for chemoinformatic processing and can be easily integrated in drug discovery pipelines. DrugTax can be effortlessly installed via PyPI (https://pypi.org/project/DrugTax/) or GitHub (https://github.com/MoreiraLAB/DrugTax).
Graphical Abstract
We are not ready yet: limitations of state-of-the-art disease named entity recognizers
Authors: Kühnel Lisa , Fluck Juliane 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Intense research has been done in the area of biomedical natural language processing. Since the breakthrough of transfer learning-based methods, BERT models are used in a variety of biomedical and clinical applications. For the available data sets, these models show excellent results - partly exceeding the inter-annotator agreements. However, biomedical named entity recognition applied on COVID-19 preprints shows a performance drop compared to the results on test data. The question arises how well trained models are able to predict on completely new data, i.e. to generalize.

Results
Based on the example of disease named entity recognition, we investigate the robustness of different machine learning-based methods - thereof transfer learning - and show that current state-of-the-art methods work well for a given training and the corresponding test set but experience a significant lack of generalization when applying to new data.

Conclusions
We argue that there is a need for larger annotated data sets for training and testing. Therefore, we foresee the curation of further data sets and, moreover, the investigation of continual learning processes for machine learning-based models.
User-centric non-full interference cellular networks: BS cooperation and bandwidth partitioning
Authors: Mardani Mohammadreza , Mary Philippe , Baudais Jean-Yves 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a user-centric frequency reuse scheme depending on the user classification in the cell in a homogeneous Poisson point process network. Each cell is partitioned into multiple regions delimited by the signal-to-interference ratio of the user considered. A given resource block (RB) is assigned to one user in a cell and cannot be shared by another user in this cell. The typical user only uses a fraction of the RB, and the remaining part is left unused to avoid interference with the other cells. The base stations (BS) interfering set is hence determined by the coverage probability of the typical user, and this set can be approximated by a thinned version of the original PPP. Using this, coverage probability and spectral efficiency (SE) for each user types are derived, and a BS cooperation technique is proposed to improve the SE of the cell edge user. Finally, the average network spectral efficiency and fairness among users are analyzed under the developed theoretical framework. Our results show that the user-centric frequency reuse improves the coverage probability and the SE compared to the conventional frequency reuse scheme.
Genetic abnormality of cytochrome-P2C9*3 allele predisposes to epilepsy and phenytoin-induced adverse drug reactions: genotyping findings of cytochrome-alleles in the North Indian population
Authors: Garg Vivek Kumar , Supriya  , Shree Ritu , Prakash Ajay , Takkar Aastha , Khullar Madhu , Saikia Biman , Medhi Bikash , Modi Manish 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis research aims to study the association of genetic polymorphism in genes coding for CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 in phenytoin-induced dose-related toxicity and to assess if the presence of allele CYP2C9*3 plays a role in phenytoin-induced idiosyncratic adverse effects. Current observational case control study included 142 patients with phenytoin-induced adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and 100 controls. All these patients underwent genotyping to determine the type of CYP2C9 allele [CYP2C9*1, CYP2C9*2 or CYP2C9*3) and CYP2C19 allele (CYP2C19*1, CYP2C19*2 or CYP2C19*3] by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using Applied Biosystems (ABI) 7500 Real-Time PCR System (USA).ResultsPresence of homozygous status for allele CYP2C9*3 was associated with significantly higher risk of phenytoin-induced dose-dependent ADRs, dose-independent ADRs, gum hyperplasia, and skin rash. Presence of heterozygous status for allele CYP2C9*3 was associated with significantly higher risk of phyenytoin-induced dose-dependent ADRs and dose-independent ADRs. Presence of either heterozygous or homozygous status for CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C19*2 did not have any bearing on dose-related side effects. None of the patients showed CYP2C19*3 allele.ConclusionVariant alleles of CYP2C9*3 are significantly overexpressed among patients with phenytoin-induced ADRs, thereby suggesting the role for CYP2C9 genotype testing to predict risk of phenytoin-related ADRs.