bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Postmodern Novel and the Post-Boom in Latin America
Authors: Medrano José Manuel , Williams Raymond L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The modern, postmodern, and post-Boom roots are found in various avant-garde Latin American fiction manifestations in the 1920s and 1930s. More specifically, scholars have pointed to the Semana de Arte Moderna in Brazil, as well as the fiction of Gilberto Owen and Jaime Torres Bodet in Mexico and Vicente Huidobro in Chile, in addition to a host of others who were the forerunners to the modern and postmodern novel in Latin America, which was produced from 1945 to 2015. The key connectors between the vanguardias and the rise of the modern novel were Jorge Luis Borges’s short story collection Ficciones (1944) and Miguel Ángel Asturias’s novel El señor presidente (The President, 1946). The Latin American postmodern novel follows common patterns associated with the 1970s and 1980s North Atlantic postmodernism: disruption, discontinuity, decentering, dislocation, indeterminacy, and antilocalization. On the other hand, the novel of the post-Boom was a reaction precisely against the modern novel in Latin American associated with the 1960s Boom. Unlike the Boom writers in the late 1960s and the postmodern writers of the 1970s and 1980s, post-Boom writers rejected these novelists’ hyper-experimentation. After briefly reviewing the avant-gardes, as well as the terms “modern,” “postmodern,” and “post-Boom,” this essay covers Latin American fiction from Asturias and Agustín Yáñez in the 1940s, to Roberto Bolaño, to Cristina Rivera Garza, and Isabel Allende in the twentieth century, as well as their respective contemporaries.
The Governance of Superdiversity
Authors: Scholten Peter 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter brings a complexity perspective to the governance of superdiversity. Superdiversity as a specific form of social complexity challenges traditional views on policymaking in the area of migration and migration-related diversities. Ideas about societal steering, the role of central government, rationality, and controllability often don’t reflect the reality of complexity, where the role of government is often limited, and societal processes are unpredictable and characterized by high uncertainty. However, belief in societal steering and in central government has remained firm in this policy area. A complexity governance perspective helps clarify that coping with complexity requires a different perspective on policies, policymaking, and the role of central government. From a complexity perspective, the chapter argues that failing to come to terms with complexity is one of the reasons policies in this area so often seem to derail, as witnessed in the “refugee crisis,” the “multicultural crisis,” and the many other crises that this policy area has gone through. A complexity governance perspective helps explain how policy processes can come to terms with complexity by a structural process of mainstreaming migration and diversities in society and in institutions. From this perspective, migration and migration-related diversity are not approached as stand-alone topics that can be engineered or “fixed” from a state-centric perspective, but as complex topics that cut across generic policy sectors and institutions and that require a structural and responsive approach to often unpredictable, uncertain situations with a broad actor network.
Transnationalism, Elite Migrants, and the Spatiality of Superdiversity
Authors: Yamamura Sakura 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The geography or the spatiality of superdiversity has been only implicitly researched, primarily in ethnographic and sociolinguistic empirical studies on superdiversity. This chapter proposes a geographical conceptualization of superdiversity by analyzing sociospatial superdiversification as a process of bringing together the interconnected phenomena of the global increase of migration and the local transformation of urban spaces. By connecting the spatiality of superdiversity to the debates on the nexus of transnational migration and cities, particularly global cities, the chapter brings a broader contextualization of the diversification processes occurring in different cities on the globe. The approach of such multiscalar embeddedness of the city making and shaping processes demonstrates how the local urban transformation is connected to the global phenomenon of societal superdiversity. It calls for further analysis of the contexts of superdiversity at different scales and research on the diversifications occurring in different socioeconomic classes of transnational migration in urban contexts.
Migration, Superdiversity, and Encounters of the Intimate Kind in Home-Spaces
Authors: Yeoh Brenda S. A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter extends existing spatial and scalar conceptualizations of superdiversity by examining the politics of encounter in the microlevel spaces of the home. Anchored in the growing body of literature on the “geographies of encounter” and drawing predominantly from Asian experiences of care and intimacy in the context of live-in migrant domestic workers and marriage migrants, the chapter re-presents the home-space as a site—and one that is sustained by—of multiple axes of power and difference that operate along the lines of gender, race/ethnicity, class, and nationality, contradicting the dominant notions of home as private, familiar, and familial. The chapter also shows how home-space operates as a site of struggle, reflecting the uneasy balance between hierarchical and affinal relationships across both economic and affective terrains. By turning the analytical spotlight on the home, the chapter shows how the politics of superdiversity permeates urban space through the microspaces of intimacy and familiarity.
Homemaking in Superdiverse Public Space
Authors: Boccagni Paolo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter invites a systematic exploration of the interplay between superdiversity and homemaking in the public urban space. The notion of home, as a form of special place attachment, also involves the public sphere and lies at the root of contrasting ways of perceiving, claiming, and using public sphere. Drawing on a literature review and original research on home and migration, this chapter discusses the factors whereby different social actors and groups have unequal rights and opportunities to make themselves at home in public regions, such as streets, parks, amenity infrastructures, or entire cities. In the lived experience of the public space, different social actors and groups claim or at least perceive certain portions of it as their home, where they hold a higher or even exclusive right to stay, be in control, and belong. Such processes tend to go unnoticed as long as they involve the ethnic and long-resident mainstream, but they become more visible and contentious when there is no self-evident majority group—no group that, by habituation if not by legal entitlement, is in a stronger position to call a certain place home. Overall, a critical emphasis on home(making) in the public scales “up” the metaphor of home to capture competing views of superdiverse public spaces and of the appropriate ways to use them. This raises substantive issues on the access, use, recognition, and even ownership of the public.
Superdiversity, Systems Psychodynamics, and Migrant Business
Authors: Trehan Kiran 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter investigates the ways in which systems psychodynamic theory and practice can contribute to our understanding of how ethnic minority enterprises operate in superdiverse urban settings. Systems psychodynamics is an approach that explores the interaction between collective structures, norms, and practices in social systems and the perception, motivations, and emotions of minority entrepreneurs within those systems. The chapter argues that the systems psychodynamic literature can be combined with perspectives on superdiversity to extend our thinking about the psychodynamics of migrant business. Focusing on systems psychodynamics provides an opportunity to highlight the contextually specific ways in which unconscious dynamics, emotional responses, and social power relations within the migrant business combine to promote and to prevent enterprise. This can be seen as a way of promoting employment and local development, while also kick-starting broader business regeneration. The chapter reviews the key ideas and controversies of minority entrepreneurship. It illuminates how systems psychodynamic theory can enrich our understanding of the ways in which ethnic minority enterprises interconnect in encounters whose participants have different biographies, trajectories, and linguistic histories. The chapter concludes by demonstrating how a synthesis of systems psychodynamics and diversity sheds new light on the complex and nuanced experience of ethnic minority enterprises and the work territory they are creating for themselves. Exploring migrant enterprise as an organizational system creates a distinctive new perspective for systems psychodynamic and superdiversity perspectives and helps us to identify and articulate new implications for small firms’ research and practice.
Superdiversity and Urban Planning
Authors: Pemberton Simon 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Previous research exploring the relationship between diversity and urban planning has overwhelmingly focused on the multicultural city. In contrast, there has been much less focus to date on the challenges of increasing superdiversity for urban planning. The chapter initially highlights how superdiversity is leading to changes in the spatial distribution of migrants in the city and away from traditional thinking that there are just one or two large-scale concentrations of ethnic groups in urban areas. In fact, individuals with varying characteristics can be spread across the city, and more people from diverse backgrounds are living in the same areas than ever before as a consequence of all sorts of unpredictable migration flows. Such complexity presents increasing challenges for urban planners. The chapter evaluates key areas of research, focusing on the relationship between urban planning and issues of diversity. In turn, it sets out a number of themes that warrant further attention with respect to urban planning responses to increasing superdiversity, which extend beyond existing analyses. This includes a focus on the importance of settlement structures, strategies of spatial distribution for new migrant arrivals and social mixing, and the need to coproduce new urban planning strategies with local residents.
ACT for the Treatment of Psychosis and Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Gaudiano Brandon A. , Ellenberg Stacy 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Acceptance and commitment therapy for psychosis (ACTp) is supported by a number of randomized controlled trials documenting that the treatment is safe and efficacious for patients with psychosis and a range of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. These initial clinical trials show that ACTp produces improvements in psychotic symptoms, depression, functioning, and quality of life in both inpatient and outpatient samples, and has been delivered in group and individual formats. In particular, several studies have documented the ability of ACTp to reduce rehospitalization rates at follow-up. Initial work also supports ACT-consistent processes of change in terms of the treatment’s potential mechanisms of action. Future research is needed to further specify mediators and moderators of effects, and to confirm the effects of ACTp in larger samples when implemented in real-world practice settings.
Psychological Flexibility
Authors: Ong Clarissa W. , Eustis Elizabeth H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Psychological flexibility is the ability to nonjudgmentally observe and be open to inner experiences in the present moment, while engaging in behaviors consistent with freely chosen values. A construct related to psychological flexibility is psychological inflexibility, which describes rigid responding to inner experiences, resulting in impulsivity or avoidance that interferes with meaningful action. Psychological inflexibility is posited as the key source of suffering in the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) model, and the central aim of ACT is to improve psychological flexibility. However, targeting psychological flexibility is complicated for several reasons: (1) it is difficult to measure with standardized instruments, (2) clinicians need to discern the idiographic function of behaviors to assess psychological flexibility, (3) clinicians themselves need to be able to practice and model psychological flexibility, and (4) cross-cultural research on the measurement of psychological flexibility is lacking. This article discusses these challenges and provides suggestions for future directions.
Transnational Digital Governance and Its Impact on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Dempsey Mark , McBride Keegan , Haataja Meeri , Bryson Joanna J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The rapid pace of technological advancement and innovation has put existing governance and regulatory mechanisms to the test. There is a clear need for new and innovative regulatory mechanisms that enable governments to successfully manage the integration of digital technologies into our societies, and to ensure that such integration occurs in a sustainable, beneficial, and just manner. Artificial Intelligence (AI) stands out as one of the most debated of such innovations. What exactly is it, how should it be built and deployed, how can it be used, and how should it be regulated? Yet across the period of this debate, AI is becoming widely used and addressed within existing, evolving, and bespoke regulatory contexts. The present chapter explores the extant governance of AI and, in particular, what is arguably the most successful AI regulatory approach to date, that of the European Union. The chapter explores core definitional concepts, shared understandings, values, and approaches currently in play. It argues that not only are the Union’s regulations locally effective, but, due to the so-called “Brussels effect,” regulatory initiatives within the European Union also have a much broader global impact. As such, they warrant close consideration.
Dueling Perspectives in AI and U.S.–China Relations
Authors: Ding Jeffrey 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
It is generally recognized that the United States and China are the two leading states in AI development. In recent years, U.S.–China competition in AI has escalated, reflecting a bilateral relationship that has turned increasingly contentious. Unsurprisingly, analysis about the potential effects of AI on U.S.–China relations is strongly rooted in technonationalism, which emphasizes interstate competition over technological assets. By decentering the nation-state as the key unit of analysis for technological change, this chapter presents an alternative framework for comprehending the implications of AI for U.S.–China relations. It first articulates how transnational networks of both firms and individuals complicate the calculation of the U.S. and China’s “national interests” in AI. It then probes how AI advances, such as those in machine translation, could bind the two countries even closer together. Taking technoglobalism seriously is essential to rebalancing discussions about how AI could transform U.S.–China relations.
AI, Complexity, and Regulation
Authors: Weissinger Laurin B. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Regulating and governing AI will remain a challenge due to the inherent intricacy of how AI is deployed and used in practice. Regulation effectiveness and efficiency are inversely proportional to system complexity and the clarity of objectives: the more complicated an area is and the harder objectives are to operationalize, the more difficult it is to regulate and govern. Safety regulations, while often concerned with complex systems like airplanes, benefit from measurable, clear objectives and uniform subsystems. AI has emergent properties and is not just “a technology.” It is interwoven with organizations, people, and the wider social context. Furthermore, objectives like “fairness” are not only difficult to grasp and classify, but they will change their meaning case-by-case. The inherent complexity of AI systems will continue to complicate regulation and governance; however, with appropriate investment, monetary and otherwise, complexity can be tackled successfully. Due to the considerable power imbalance between users of AI in comparison to those AI systems are used on, successful regulation might be difficult to create and enforce. As such, AI regulation is more of a political and socio-economic problem than a technical one.
Navigating Shifting Sands
Authors: Black Wendy , Gibbon Victoria E. , Omar Rooksana 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the decades that followed South Africa’s transition from apartheid to democratic rule, museums and universities adopted a major ethical shift toward rehumanizing and returning illicitly obtained ancestral human skeletal remains to local communities. Although much work on repatriation, reburial, and restitution processes has been conducted since, it has been without adequate government legislative and procedural grounding and support, often resulting in circular discussions and limited or disappointing outcomes. In the midst of growing activism related to the repatriation of objects and ancestral remains from Africa held in institutions globally, these efforts have become a societal and national priority and many museum and university collections and repositories are calling for action. The implementation of defined national processes coupled with sound guiding principles, as well as adequate community and stakeholder engagement for any repatriation and restitution event can mitigate potential breakdowns and lead to successful and amiable results. The authors of this chapter provide a set of guiding principles for restitution processes based on their experience in the hope that this initiates discussion so that these can be transferred to similar political and social contexts globally.
Ethical and Legal Issues in Transcranial Stimulation for Cognitive Enhancement
Authors: Jwa Anita S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Transcranial stimulation has recently been gaining momentum as a promising tool for cognitive enhancement. Like other emerging biomedical technologies, however, the promises of transcranial stimulation as cognitive enhancement come with critical ethical and legal challenges. To ensure the safe and responsible use of this technology, we should complement technological development with rigorous ethical and regulatory analysis. This chapter aims to provide a general overview of ethical and legal challenges, lighting a path to maximize the benefits of transcranial stimulation as cognitive enhancement while minimizing the perils of this technology. Focusing on transcranial stimulation, it first introduces some of the major ethical concerns surrounding cognitive enhancement and then reviews previous discussions on the regulation of both cognitive enhancement devices and their uses in real-world settings. Given the impending widespread use of transcranial stimulation by the public, this chapter concludes by emphasizing the need for developing a sound policy for the use of transcranial stimulation as cognitive enhancement.
(When) Is Adblocking Wrong?
Authors: Douglas Thomas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this chapter, the author examines three deontological objections to adblocking: the objection from property (according to which adblocking involves accessing another’s property without satisfying the conditions placed on such access by the owner); the objection from complicity (according to which, by blocking ads, consumers become complicit in the wrongdoing of adblocking software providers); and the objection from free-riding (according to which adblocking consumers free-ride on other consumers who allow ads to be served). The chapter argues that, though these objections plausibly establish the moral impermissibility of some instances of adblocking, they do not, even collectively, establish a blanket moral prohibition on adblocking, as it is currently done.
Evaluating CAT
Authors: Taylor Peter James , Gianfrancesco Olympia , Hartley Samantha 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Although research into cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) has been developing steadily over the last few decades, many important questions remain unanswered. Gaining a deeper understanding of the contexts in which CAT may be most helpful, and the factors that contribute to a good therapy outcome, for example, may be key to clinical practice and to understanding how best to flexibly integrate CAT within existing health services. To begin to identify and investigate these unanswered questions, we first review the CAT research landscape to date, and detail key considerations for developing robust research questions and studies. This includes commentary on appropriate study design, and reflection on the degree to which these decisions can reveal or obscure causal processes. A case is made for the development of a robust evidence base through the utilization of a wide range of different research methodologies. Once a research question has been identified, the development of a research team with the requisite skills is a vital next step. Here we highlight the value and necessity of collaborative relationships between researchers, clinicians, and those with lived experience. Finally, CAT’s transdiagnostic approach may face challenges within frameworks of research and funding that are traditionally based on diagnosis and medical models of distress. We argue that the future of CAT research should involve the navigation of a middle ground which allows CAT to retain its values and principles while clearly communicating its utility in meeting gaps in services as well as the value of its transdiagnostic approach.
CAT in the perinatal period
Authors: Douglass Sarah 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The perinatal period (from conception to baby’s first birthday) has significant mental health implications for the mother and their infant’s long term cognitive, emotional, and physical development. Cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) is demonstrating promising evidence as an effective intervention during the perinatal period. This chapter will consider how CAT can benefit maternal and infant mental health and how some adaptations to the standard CAT model may be helpful to promote the needs of new mothers and their infants, drawing from some ideas from psychoanalytic theory on infant mental health. One such adaptation to standard CAT is the use of a ‘baby map’ alongside traditional mapping to aid exploration of the mother infant attachment difficulties and promote healthy exits within the mother infant relationship. The chapter will also consider how CAT could be a useful approach within mother and baby units (specialist inpatient units for mothers in the perinatal period). Consistent with the author’s experience, the chapter will mainly focus on mothers, but will also consider how working with the couple can support the CAT intervention.