bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE INDIVIDUAL EXISTENTIAL SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CRISIS OF THE HUMANISTIC PHILOSOPHY
Authors: Artyuhin Anton S. 
Published: February 2022

Personal security is one of the important components of Russian national security. A serious challenge to the existential security of the individual comes from modern biomedical and information technologies, the use of which creates opportunities for changing the biosocial nature of a person. The distortion of the moral content of the philosophical principle of humanism in the conditions of the Fourth Industrial Revolution gave rise to the spread of the philosophy and ideology of transhumanism and post-humanism. The introduction of Trans-human and Post-human images into the public consciousness is a global threat to the continued existence of mankind.
Purpose is to trace the historical transformation of the philosophy of humanism, which led to the formation of modern concepts of Trans-human and Post-human.
Methodology: the article uses the methodology of historical and philosophical research approaches.
Results:
1) A brief overview of the evolution of understanding of the essence of man and the principle of humanism in the history of philosophical thought is given.
2) The danger of deepening the gap between man and the technologies he creates is shown, especially in the conditions of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
3) The content of the ideology and philosophy of transhumanism is revealed.
4) Various images of the Post-human, replacing Homo Sapiens, are considered.
5) The possible negative consequences for humanity of attempts to artificially change human nature are indicated.
Practical implications: scientific discussions, expert activity, educational process.
Conclusions:
1) A serious challenge to the security of the individual in modern society is the implementation in practice of the ideas of «cybernetic evolution», which call into question the continuation of human existence as a biological species.
2) The philosophy of classical humanism, based on the recognition of human life as the highest ethical value, is being blurred and distorted today.
3) Advances in the development of biomedical and information technologies have created favorable opportunities for attempts to revise the very nature of man in order to prolong life expectancy and overcome mortality, which was expressed in the concepts of Trans-human and Post-human.
4) The philosophy of transhumanism and post-humanism consistently leads to the destruction of the human personality.
5) The task of global management of post-humanity is greatly facilitated by the use of genetic and information technologies.
Probability Weighting and Cognitive Ability
Authors: Choi Syngjoo , Kim Jeongbin , Lee Eungik , Lee Jungmin 
Published: February 2022

Probability weighting is a major concept for accommodating systematic departures from expected utility theory. We examine the relation between probability weighting and cognitive ability with two experiments: one recruiting subjects with a large variation in cognitive ability and the other using the within-subject manipulation of time constraints in lottery choices and cognitive tests. We find a significant association between likelihood insensitivity—the cognitive component of probability weighting—and cognitive limitation such that subjects with a lower cognitive score or more interrupted cognition due to time pressure respond less discriminately to intermediate probabilities and more over-sensitively to extreme probabilities. Our findings shed light on the sources of anomalous choices against expected utility theory. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis.
The status of prehospital care delivery for COVID-19 patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: The study emphasizing adverse events occurring in prehospital transport and associated factors
Authors: Baru Ararso , Sultan Menbeu , Beza Lemlem 
Published: February 2022

Background
COVID-19 patients may require emergency medical services for emergent treatment and/or transport to a hospital for further treatment. However, it is common for the patients to experience adverse events during transport, even the shortest transport may cause life-threatening conditions. Most of the studies that have been done on prehospital care of COVID-19 patients were conducted in developed countries. Differences in population demographics and economy may limit the generalizability of available studies. So, this study was aimed at investigating the status of prehospital care delivery for COVID-19 patients in Addis Ababa focusing on adverse events that occurred during transport and associated factors.

Methods
A total of 233 patients consecutively transported to Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College from November 6 to December 31, 2020, were included in the study. A team of physicians and nurses collected the data using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data, and ordinal logistic regression was carried out to assess the association between explanatory variables and the outcome variable. Results are presented using frequency, percentage, chi-square, crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals.

Results
The overall level of adverse events in prehospital setting was 44.2%. Having history of at least one chronic medical illness, [AOR3.2 (95%; CI; 1.11–9.53)]; distance traveled to reach destination facility, [AOR 0.11(95%; CI; 0.02–0.54)]; failure to recognize and administer oxygen to the patient in need of oxygen, [AOR 15.0(95%; CI; 4.0–55.7)]; absent or malfunctioned suctioning device, [AOR 4.0(95%; CI; 1.2–13.0)]; patients handling mishaps, [AOR 12.7(95%; CI; 2.9–56.8)] were the factors associated with adverse events in prehospital transport of COVID-19 patients.

Conclusions
There were a significant proportion of adverse events in prehospital care among COVID-19 patients. Most of the adverse events were preventable. There is an urgent need to strengthen prehospital emergency care in Ethiopia by equipping the ambulances with essential and properly functioning equipment and trained manpower. Awareness creation and training of transport staff in identifying potential hazards, at-risk patients, adequate documentation, and patient handling during transport could help to prevent or minimize adverse events in prehospital care.
Antibodies targeting enzyme inhibition as potential tools for research and drug development
Authors: Pérez de la Lastra José Manuel , Baca-González Victoria , González-Acosta Sergio , Asensio-Calavia Patricia , Otazo-Pérez Andrea , Morales-delaNuez Antonio 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Antibodies have transformed biomedical research and are now being used for different experimental applications. Generally, the interaction of enzymes with their specific antibodies can lead to a reduction in their enzymatic activity. The effect of the antibody is dependent on its narrow i.e. the regions of the enzyme to which it is directed. The mechanism of this inhibition is rarely a direct combination of the antibodies with the catalytic site, but is rather due to steric hindrance, barring the substrate access to the active site. In several systems, however, the interaction with the antibody induces conformational changes on the enzyme that can either inhibit or enhance its catalytic activity. The extent of enzyme inhibition or enhancement is, therefore, a reflection of the nature and distribution of the various antigenic determinants on the enzyme molecule. Currently, the mode of action of many enzymes has been elucidated at the molecular level. We here review the molecular mechanisms and recent trends by which antibodies inhibit the catalytic activity of enzymes and provide examples of how specific antibodies can be useful for the neutralization of biologically active molecules
COVID-19 lockdown impact on CERN seismic station ambient noise levels
Authors: Ścisło Łukasz , Łacny Łukasz , Guinchard Michael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Seismic measuring stations do not only record seismic waves. They also pick up tremors caused by other factors: these are known as seismic background noise. In normal conditions, this environmental background is steady over a long time. This article presents the influence of high reduction of human activity due to COVID-19 initial lockdown on ground vibration in the Large Hadron Collider tunnel at the European Organization for Nuclear Research.
On the effects of e-participation on shadow economy: a worldwide empirical analysis
Authors: Sacchi Agnese , Santolini Raffaella , Schneider Friedrich 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper explores the relationship between the e-participation attitude of citizens and the size of the shadow economy, whose consequences could be detrimental to countries’ economic development. We exploit a rich panel dataset for 149 countries characterized by a large digital divide within their public sectors, different levels of both income and democratic institutions at work over years 2003–2015. Using the instrumental variables approach to address potential endogeneity issues, we find that e-participation significantly contributes to reducing the shadow economy. Due to its interactive nature for both businesses and citizens, it positively affects the individuals’ behavior against informal economic activities by creating a more collaborative environment between the government and its stakeholders.
Regioselectivity in the reaction of 5-amino-3-anilino-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile with cinnamonitriles and enaminones: Synthesis of functionally substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives
Authors: Moustafa Moustafa Sherif , Nour-Eldeen Ahmed Moukhtar , Al-Mousawi Saleh Mohamed , El-Hameed Afaf Abd , Magdy Michael , Sadek Kamal Usef 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The development of efficient methods for the synthesis of polyfunctional N-heterocycles is an important area of research in organic and medicinal chemistry. Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives are purine analogous of biomedical importance and have been extremely studied for their broad spectrum of biological activities. Recently, they have attracted great interest in materials science owing to their photophysical properties. 3(5)-Aminopyrazoles are extensively utilized in the synthesis of condensed heterocyclic systems, particularly pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines via the reaction with 1,3-biselectrophilic reagents. However, the information available in the literature provides little in the way of reasoning their cyclization, particularly the initial attack either by the exocyclic amino group or endocyclic nitrogen. Unfortunately, the relative nucleophilicity of exo- and endocyclic nitrogen atoms in 1-unsubstituted 3(5)-aminopyrazoles is not clear and contradicting. It has been found that other factors can modulate the regioselectivity rather than basicity or steric hindrance for both active sites. The reported studies in the structure–activity relationship revealed that pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines having a substitution at fifth, sixth, and seventh positions possess potent biological activities, especially those with an amino group at the seventh position. We here developed a regioselective, high yield synthesis of 7-amino-5-arylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,6-dicarbonitriles by the reaction of N-(5-amino-4-cyano-1H-pyrazole-3-yl)-benzamide with various cinnamonitriles and enaminones in pyridine at 120°C under controlled microwave heating conditions. All structures of newly synthesized compounds were established by analytical and spectral data as well as single-crystal diffraction and rationalized for their formation.
Structural and morphological investigations of barium zirconium titanate particles synthesized by the Pechini method
Authors: Sözen Aktaş Pelin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Barium zirconium titanate systems are lead-free, environmentally friendly materials exhibiting relaxor behavior with increasing Zr content. Therefore, the study proposed preparing and characterization of an ecologically favorable Pb-free relaxor from Ba(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 (BZT). The results reported here are based on the research of BZT micrometric powders prepared by the Pechini method. The phase evolution was monitored by X-ray diffraction from 800 °C to 1300 °C, and results show that the formation of BZT starts around 1050 °C and continues until 1300 °C. The Rietveld refinement of data at 1300 °C confirms that BZT has a cubic structure. The thermal and structural properties of BZT samples were identified by thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy results reveal that the synthesized particles are micron-sized (2–2.8 µm), rounded, polygonal-shaped, and agglomerated.
Low temperature synthesis of SnSr(OH)6nanoflowers and photocatalytic performance for organic pollutants
Authors: Xue Zeyang , Li Feiyang , Yu Chunhu , Huang Jianfeng , Tao Feihu , Cai Zhengyu , Zhang Hui , Pei Lizhai 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA simple low temperature hydrothermal route has been used for the synthesis of strontium tin hydroxide (SrSn(OH)6) nanoflowers. The synthesized SrSn(OH)6nanoflowers were investigated by means of powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and solid ultraviolet−visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The SrSn(OH)6nanoflowers are composed of nanorods with hexagonal structure, length and diameter of about 2 µm and 30–100 nm, respectively. The growth process of the SrSn(OH)6nanoflowers is proposed as the Ostwald ripening and crystal splitting process based on the morphological evolution from different hydrothermal conditions. The band gap of the nanoflowers is 3.53 eV. The SrSn(OH)6nanoflowers were utilized for the photocatalytic degradation of gentian violet under ultraviolet light irradiation. The roles of various factors including irradiation time and nanoflower dosage on the photocatalytic activity of the SrSn(OH)6nanoflowers are discussed. The possible photocatalytic mechanism for gentian violet degradation using the SrSn(OH)6nanoflowers was determined by radical trapping experiments. The SrSn(OH)6nanoflowers possess good stability and are an efficient photocatalyst for the removal of organic pollutants.
Changes in spatial frames of reference use in Iwaidja in different intergenerational contexts
Authors: Edmonds-Wathen Cris 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Research into sociocultural factors affecting the use of spatial frames of reference (FoR) has begun to move away from characterizing FoR choice as inherent to each language, instead emphasizing variation within speech communities, but has so far paid little attention to variation in individual speaker’s FoR use with different addressees. This paper reports on differences in two senior adults’ use of FoRs in Iwaidja when addressing a peer compared to addressing a child. Performing the Man and Tree task, the speakers made frequent use of geocentric descriptions with their peers, and substantially fewer geocentric descriptions with a child. The study was conducted in a complex multilingual speech environment where younger generations’ language use is shifting away from Iwaidja towards English and to other Australian languages. Factors motivating the different FoR choices in child-directed speech may include elements of parentese and accommodation to the children’s incomplete acquisition of Iwaidja. The children’s contact with English, particularly through schooling, may affect the adults’ expectations of the children’s acquisition of frames of reference in English. Drawing attention to the impact of the addressee in spatial speech, this study adds to understanding sociocultural elements of spatial reference in the context of language contact and shift.
The influence of language, culture, and environment on the use of spatial referencing in a multilingual context: Taiwan as a test case
Authors: Lin Yen-Ting 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study examines the Sociotopographic Model (Palmer, Bill, Jonathon Lum, Jonathan Schlossberg & Alice Gaby. 2017. How does the environment shape spatial language? Evidence for sociotopography.Linguistic Typology21(3). 457–491. DOI:10.1515/lingty-2017-0011) by exploring the use of spatial frames of reference in two genealogically related languages with rather distinct spatial features in a multilingual context. Taiwanese Min Nan (TMN) and Taiwanese Mandarin Chinese (MC), exhibit distinct features in spatial reference in small-scale space, including a geocentric preference among TMN speakers for using cardinal directions or external landmarks and a relative preference among MC speakers for projecting the viewer’s perspective onto the object. The study extended the research design of Bohnemeyer and his colleagues (Bohnemeyer, Jürgen, Katharine T. Donelson, Randi Tucker, Elena Benedicto, Alejandra Capistrán Garza, Alyson Eggleston, Néstor Hernández Green, María Hernández Gómez, Samuel Herrera Castro, Carolyn K. O’Meara, Enrique Palancar, Gabriela Pérez Báez, Gilles Polian & Rodrigo Romero Méndez. 2014. The cultural transmission of spatial cognition: Evidence from a large-scale study. In Paul Bello, Marcello Guarini, Marjorie McShane & Brian Scassellati (eds.),Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 212–217. Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society) to the scope of bilingualism in order to explore how language, culture, and environment affect the use of spatial reference in bilinguals as compared to monolinguals. The research method comprised a discourse and a recall memory study. Contrary to the alignment between discourse and recall memory found in monolinguals, bilinguals displayed mixed patterns. Regression analyses indicated that, in addition to language, effects of environment emerged: topography was positively correlated with geocentric use, supporting the Topographic Correspondence Hypothesis (Palmer, Bill, Alice Gaby, Jonathon Lum & Jonathan Schlossberg. 2016. Topography and frame of reference in the threatened ecological niche of the atoll.Paper presented at “Geographic grounding: Place, direction and landscape in the grammars of the world”, University of Copenhagen, May 2016). A strong education effect had an impact on geocentric use in both studies, suggesting the possibility of the cultural mediation between language and environment.
Enhanced mechanical and gas barrier performance of plasticized cellulose nanofibril films
Authors: Aulin Christian , Flodberg Göran , Ström Göran , Lindström Tom 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are mixed with plasticizers; sorbitol and glycerol, through high-pressure homogenization to prepare multifunctional biohybrid films. The resulting plasticized films obtained after solvent evaporation are strong, flexible and demonstrate superior toughness and optical transparency. The oxygen barrier properties of the biohybrid films outperform commercial packaging materials. The sorbitol-plasticized CNF films possess excellent oxygen barrier properties, 0.34 cm3·μm/m2·day·kPa at 50 % relative humidity, while significantly enhancing the toughness and fracture strength of the films. CNF films plasticized by 20 wt.% of sorbitol and glycerol could before rupture, be strained to about 9 % and 12 %, respectively. The toughness of the plasticized films increased by ca. 300 % compared to the pristine CNF film. Furthermore, the water vapor barrier properties of the biohybrid films were also preserved by the addition of sorbitol. CNF films plasticized with sorbitol was demonstrated to simultaneously enhance fracture toughness, work of fracture, softening behavior while preserving gas barrier properties. Highly favorable thermomechanical characteristics were found with CNF/sorbitol combinations and motivate further work on this material system, for instance as a thermoformable matrix in biocomposite materials. The unique combination of excellent oxygen barrier behavior, formability and optical transparency suggest the potential of these CNF-based films as an alternative in flexible packaging of oxygen sensitive devices like thin-film transistors or organic light-emitting diode displays, gas storage applications and as barrier coatings/laminations in packaging applications, including free-standing films as aluminium-replacement in liquid board and primary packaging, as replacement for polyethylene (PE) in wrapping paper, e. g. sweats and confectionary.
A hard-core soft-shell model for vibration condition of fresh concrete based on low water-cement ratio concrete
Authors: Li Xiaotian , Xie Guangnian , Gao Zhurui , Wang Chuxin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The newly developed vibration-compacting modular production technology of concrete with low water-cement ratio puts forward new requirements for the study of rheological mechanical model of concrete. The existing contact model of discrete element method cannot effectively express the complex dynamic relationship between concrete aggregate and mortar under vibration. In this article, an improved hard-core soft-shell contact model, which is suitable for the simulation of concrete with low water-cement ratio under vibration state, is proposed according to the vibration and compactness characteristics of the concrete. According to the rheological properties of the concrete mortar, the calculation method of soft-shell force is improved. The relationship between the shear stress and its displacement in the process of trying to solve the tangential soft-shell is clarified. In order to characterize the adsorption effect of mortar on aggregate, the gravitation is added in the normal soft-shell force calculation. Slump test under non-vibration state and L-box test under vibration state are carried out to verify the correctness of the improved hard-core soft-shell contact model. The improved hard-core soft-shell contact model can effectively simulate the dynamic response of the complex multiphase concrete fluids with low water-cement ratio, and accurately characterize the change in its rheological properties.
Laser-Doppler-Anemometrie-Messungen in einem quadratischen Kanal mit eng beieinanderliegenden Rippen an einer Wand
Authors: Ruck Sebastian , Arbeiter Frederik , Petri Torben 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Ergebnisse von Laser-Doppler-Anemometrie (LDA)-Geschwindigkeitsmessungen in einem einseitig mit transversal orientierten Rippen-Rauheiten strukturierten quadratischen Kanal für die Strömung mit einer Reynolds-Zahl von

Re

H

=
5
,
0
·

10

4

{\mathit{Re}_{H}}=5,0\cdot {10^{4}}

vorgestellt. Das Rippenabstand-Rippenhöhe-Verhältnis war 3 und die Verblockungsrate betrug

6
,
7

%

6,7\hspace{0.1667em}\%

. Es werden Verteilungen der mittleren Geschwindigkeiten, Reynolds-Spannungen sowie Triple-Geschwindigkeit-Korrelationen präsentiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die Entwicklung einer dreidimensionalen Sekundärströmung oberhalb der Rippen, wodurch sich ein schwach advektiver wandnormaler Fluidtransport zwischen der rippennahen Strömung und der Kanalkernströmung einstellt. Der Einfluss der Rippen-Rauheiten auf das turbulente Strömungsgeschehen und die einhergehenden turbulenten Austauschvorgänge ist jedoch auf die unmittelbare Rippennähe begrenzt. Die anhand der statistischen Momente höherer Ordnung beschriebenen rippeninduzierten instationären Strömungsvorgänge sowie der diffusive Transport treten oberhalb der Rippen nur in einem schmalen Band auf.