bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Price of a Surprise: The Effects of Election Outcomes on Stock Market Returns and Volatility
Authors: Arin K. Peren , Elmassah Suzanna , Kaplan Samuel , Spagnolo Nicola 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
By utilizing a novel data set of 24 democracies for the 1972–2018 period, we investigate how election outcomes, including election surprises, are priced by the stock market. We show that an election surprise increases volatility but has no significant effect on excess returns. A win by a coalition announced prior to the election decreases volatility, however, a large winning percentage for the lead party within the coalition decreases excess returns. An unexpected winning margin over the closest competitor by the lead party decreases volatility by consolidating power, but only in parliamentary elections. Party orientation for the winning party affects neither excess returns nor volatility, even if it is unexpected.
Applicability of Large-Scale Direct Tension Specimens to Quantify Tensile Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Ultra-High-Performance Concrete
Authors: Roberson Madeleine M. , Howard Isaac L. , Shannon Jay , Carey Ashley S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this study, a large-scale direct tension specimen (minimum cross-sectional area of 11,000 mm2) was developed to determine its ability to quantify tensile behaviors of fiber-reinforced ultra-high-performance concrete. Direct tension specimens were successfully mixed and molded using readily available equipment in a typical construction materials laboratory. Results from large-scale direct tension tests were compared with results from commonly used indirect methods (i.e., splitting cylinder strength and double punch testing). At early ages, direct tensile specimens had a 0 % failure rate and recorded coefficient of variation values of 6.2 %. Computerized tomography scans from several sections within a large-scale specimen showed sufficiently random fiber orientation, particularly within the desired fracture region. Altogether, this effort showed that large-scale direct tension specimens were successfully able to quantify tensile strength of fiber-reinforced concrete; however, the effects of fiber orientation and boundary conditions on postcracking tensile strength of large-scale specimens need to be further evaluated in future efforts.
Proctor and Harvard Miniature Compaction Energy Comparison
Authors: Loshelder Julia I. , Errigo Chanis Ana Laura , Coffman Richard A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The objective of this research was to investigate the potential for the Harvard Miniature Compaction Apparatus (HMCA) to replace that of Proctor compaction for fine-grained soils by equating the applied energy of the two compaction methods. The HMCA tamper rod includes a spring, so the energy applied by the HMCA was developed by calculating the potential energy of the spring. The displacement of the spring was adjusted to provide reduced energy (300 kN-m/m3 [6,200 ft-lbf/ft3]), standard energy (600 kN-m/m3 [12,400 ft-lbf/ft3]), or modified energy (2,700 kN-m/m3 [56,250 ft-lbf/ft3]). Soil moisture content and dry unit weight curves were developed for compacted specimens using two fine-grained soils prepared using both methods. The best comparisons between the methods occurred at low energy levels. At standard energy for a red clay, there was a 0.40 % and 0.35 % difference in optimum moisture content and maximum dry unit weight, respectively. Similarly, at reduced energy for kaolinite, there was a 0.52 % and 0.73 % difference for the optimum moisture content and maximum dry unit weight, respectively. Based on the results of this research, there is potential for the HMCA, with potential energy adjustments, to be used in place of traditional compaction for fine-grained soil specimens, which can reduce the resources needed to conduct the compaction tests.
mTORC2 Loss in Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Results in Regional Hypomyelination in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Dahl Kristin D. , Almeida Adam R. , Hathaway Hannah A. , Bourne Jennifer , Brown Tanya L. , Finseth Lisbet T. , Wood Teresa L. , Macklin Wendy B. 
Published: December 2022

In the CNS, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes to generate myelin, an essential component for normal nervous system function. OPC differentiation is driven by signaling pathways, such as mTOR, which functions in two distinct complexes: mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2), containing Raptor or Rictor, respectively. In the current studies, mTORC2 signaling was selectively deleted from OPCs in PDGFRα-Cre X Rictorfl/flmice. This study examined developmental myelination in male and female mice, comparing the impact of mTORC2 deletion in the corpus callosum and spinal cord. In both regions, Rictor loss in OPCs resulted in early reduction in myelin RNAs and proteins. However, these deficits rapidly recovered in spinal cord, where normal myelin was noted at P21 and P45. By contrast, the losses in corpus callosum resulted in severe hypomyelination and increased unmyelinated axons. The hypomyelination may result from decreased oligodendrocytes in the corpus callosum, which persisted in animals as old as postnatal day 350. The current studies focus on uniquely altered signaling pathways following mTORC2 loss in developing oligodendrocytes. A major mTORC2 substrate is phospho-Akt-S473, which was significantly reduced throughout development in both corpus callosum and spinal cord at all ages measured, yet this had little impact in spinal cord. Loss of mTORC2 signaling resulted in decreased expression of actin regulators, such as gelsolin in corpus callosum, but only minimal loss in spinal cord. The current study establishes a regionally specific role for mTORC2 signaling in OPCs, particularly in the corpus callosum.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTmTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling has differential impact on myelination in the CNS. Numerous studies identify a role for mTORC1, but deletion of Rictor (mTORC2 signaling) in late-stage oligodendrocytes had little impact on myelination in the CNS. However, the current studies establish that deletion of mTORC2 signaling from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells results in reduced myelination of brain axons. These studies also establish a regional impact of mTORC2, with little change in spinal cord in these conditional Rictor deletion mice. Importantly, in both brain and spinal cord, mTORC2 downstream signaling targets were impacted by Rictor deletion. Yet, these signaling changes had little impact on myelination in spinal cord, while they resulted in long-term alterations in myelination in brain.
2-AG-Mediated Control of GABAergic Signaling Is Impaired in a Model of Epilepsy
Authors: Colangeli Roberto , Morena Maria , Werner Allison , Thompson Roger J. , van der Stelt Mario , Pittman Quentin J. , Hill Matthew N. , Teskey G. Campbell 
Published: December 2022

Repeated seizures result in a persistent maladaptation of endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling, mediated part by anandamide signaling deficiency in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) that manifests as aberrant synaptic function and altered emotional behavior. Here, we determined the effect of repeated seizures (kindling) on 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) signaling on GABA transmission by directly measuring tonic and phasic eCB-mediated retrograde signaling in anin vitroBLA slice preparation from male rats. We report that both activity-dependent and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR)-mediated depression of GABA synaptic transmission was reduced following repeated seizure activity. These effects were recapitulated in sham rats by preincubating slices with the 2-AG synthesizing enzyme inhibitor DO34. Conversely, preincubating slices with the 2-AG degrading enzyme inhibitor KML29 rescued activity-dependent 2-AG signaling, but not mAChR-mediated synaptic depression, over GABA transmission in kindled rats. These effects were not attributable to a change in cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor sensitivity or altered 2-AG tonic signaling since the application of the highly selective CB1 receptor agonist CP55,940 provoked a similar reduction in GABA synaptic activity in both sham and kindled rats, while no effect of either DO34 or of the CB1 inverse agonist AM251 was observed on frequency and amplitude of spontaneous IPSCs in either sham or kindled rats. Collectively, these data provide evidence that repeated amygdala seizures persistently alter phasic 2-AG-mediated retrograde signaling at BLA GABAergic synapses, probably by impairing stimulus-dependent 2-AG synthesis/release, which contributes to the enduring aberrant synaptic plasticity associated with seizure activity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe plastic reorganization of endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling after seizures and during epileptogenesis may contribute to the negative neurobiological consequences associated with seizure activity. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the molecular basis underlying the pathologic long-term eCB signaling remodeling following seizure activity will be crucial to the development of novel therapies for epilepsy that not only target seizure activity, but, most importantly, the epileptogenesis and the comorbid conditions associated with epilepsy.
Beauveria bassiana Growth and Development in Various Liquid Media
Authors: Indriyanti Dyah Rini , Alfien Muhamad Yusuf , Bintari Siti Harnina , Setiati Ning , Sumantri Gunawan , Prarastyani Herawati 
Published: December 2022

Beauveria bassiana is entomopathogenic fungi that can be cultivated on solid or liquid media. The cultivation of B. bassiana on cracked corn medium leaves unwanted waste. Therefore, cultivating B. bassiana on liquid media is expected to shorten the cultivation time and leave no waste. The purpose of the research was to analyze the physical characteristics of the B. bassiana colony, nutritional changes of the liquid media, and the pH level changes of the liquid media. This research used an experimental complete randomized design with six treatments and 4 times repetitions. The main phases of this research were the subculture of B. bassiana isolate; the preparation of liquid media consisting of distilled water, Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB), Potato Sugar extract (PSE), PSE+NPK 1%, PSE+coconut water, PSE+NPK 1%+coconut water each for 150 ml; B. bassisana inoculation into the liquid media; incubation process for 30 days; and measurement of fungal blastospore density, medium pH, and carbohydrate, protein, and lipid content. The results obtained from the morphological observation of B.bassiana on liquid media showed that the colonies are white, growing on the surface of the media with a powdery texture. There are some differences in the nutrient content of the media after 30 days of B. Bassiana incubation. After the incubation, there is an increase in carbohydrates and a decrease in protein and lipid content, as well as an increase in the pH level of the media.
Tecnologías de información y comunicación en tiempos de pandemia en el nivel superior: Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Mejía- Campó Nely , Huayta-Franco Yolanda Josefina , Torres- Bernal Rossana 
Published: December 2022

El propósito del estudio es revisar y analizar sistemáticamente las contribuciones de los artículos científicos relacionados a las tecnologías de información y comunicación en tiempos de pandemia, en docentes y estudiantes de formación superior de los países de Europa y América, abarcando los años 2020 al 2021. Hay necesidad de continuar la utilización de estrategias en la enseñanza aprendizaje en tiempos del COVID-19. En cuanto a la metodología empleada se siguió las directrices de la guía Prisma. Los resultados obtenidos, tomaron en cuenta artículos de base de datos de Scopus, SciELO, ProQuest, Web of Science. La búsqueda se hizo entre los meses de noviembre a diciembre del 2021 y las primeras semanas de enero del 2022 y los hallazgos encontrados estuvieron referidos a tres categorías competencias digitales, herramientas didácticas y aspectos emocionales. Se llegó a la conclusión que las TIC en el proceso de la enseñanza aprendizaje en el nivel superior fue uno de los medios de gran importancia, para desarrollar las sesiones, los docentes emplearon estrategias variadas, los estudiantes desarrollaron clases e investigaciones virtuales, donde el uso de la tecnología, no fue cubierta al 100% por el problema de la pandemia del COVID-19 y muchos estudiantes no tuvieron conectividad
British Columbia’s COVID-19 surveys on population experiences, action, and knowledge (SPEAK): methods and key findings from two large cross-sectional online surveys
Authors: Sandhu Jat , Demlow Ellen , Claydon-Platt Kate , Gully Maritia , Chong Mei , Oakey Megan , Chhokar Rahul , Frosst Gillian , Moustaqim-Barrette Amina , Shergill Sandy , Adhikari Binay , Li Crystal , Harder Kari , Meilleur Louise , McKee Geoff , Gustafson Réka ,   For British Columbia’s COVID-19 SPEAK working group
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To describe the methodology and key findings of British Columbia’s (BC) COVID-19 SPEAK surveys, developed to understand the experiences, knowledge, and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on British Columbians.

Methods
Two province-wide, cross-sectional, web-based population health surveys were conducted one year apart (May 2020 and April/May 2021). Questions were drawn from validated sources grounded within the social determinants of health to assess COVID-19 testing and prevention; mental and physical health; risk and protective factors; and healthcare, social, and economic impacts during the pandemic. Quota-based non-probability sampling by geography was applied to recruit a representative sample aged 18 years and older. Recruitment included strategic outreach and longitudinal follow-up of a subgroup of respondents from round one to round two. Post-collection weighting using Census data by age, sex, education, ethnicity, and geography was conducted.

Results
Participants included 394,382 and 188,561 British Columbians for the first and second surveys, respectively, including a longitudinal subgroup of 141,728. Key findings showed that societal impacts, both early in the pandemic and one year later, were inequitably distributed. Families with children, young adults, and people from lower socioeconomic backgrounds have been most impacted. Significant negative impacts on mental health and stress and a deterioration in protective resiliency factors were found.

Conclusion
These population health surveys consisting of two large cross-sectional samples provided valuable insight into the impacts and experiences of British Columbians early in the pandemic and one year later. Timely, actionable data informed several high-priority public health areas during BC’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The influence of synthetic and biologic matrices on the choice of the implant plane during breast reconstruction. The modern state of the problem
Authors: Baychorov E. A. , Zikiryakhodzhaev A. D. , Ismagilov A. Kh. , Przhedetskiy Yu.  V. 
Published: December 2022

Immediately after silicone implants were described, the technique of prepectoral implant placement dominated in breast reconstructive surgery. However, this plane soon had to be abandoned due to the high frequency of complications, such as infection, capsular contracture, explantation. For these reasons, surgeons soon had to switch to the subpectoral plane. Several decades later, thanks to the discovery of synthetic and biological meshes, surgeons returned to the prepectoral plane, but at a technically new level.The purpose of this review was to analyze the role of biological and synthetic matrices as factors influencing the choice of the implant plane in one-stage breast reconstruction.
TRL TECHNOLOGICAL READINESS LEVEL SCALE AND ITS MODIFICATION PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Anokhov I. V. 
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the article is to investigate the ways of Technology Readiness Levels scale modification, which is one of the key parts of Technology Readiness Assessment methodology.The article considers advantages and disadvantages of TRL scale. The author proposes an increase of information content using an additional indicator that shows the number of subsystems on a particular level, as well as the order number of the subsystem, on which the new technology currently undergoes testing process. Accordingly, the TRL scale may be modified with the help of an additional measurement axis characterising forces, which are required to overcome each scale sublevel (including duration, labour intensity, number of efforts, number of participants, etc.). It is believed that TRL scale in this representation characterises both quantitative and partially qualitative aspects of the new technology progress process. Consequently, the adequacy and informativity of the entire assessment methodology would increase.
The Adriatic Thrust Fault of the 2021 Seismic Sequence Estimated from Accurate Earthquake Locations Using sP Depth Phases
Authors: Di Stefano Raffaele , Ciaccio Maria Grazia , Baccheschi Paola , Zhao Dapeng 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
An earthquake sequence occurred in the Central Adriatic region during March–June 2021. This sequence started on 27 March with a mainshock of moment magnitude (Mw) 5.2 occurring at 13:47 coordinated universal time (UTC). No foreshock was observed before this mainshock. The sequence lasted approximately three months, until the end of June 2021. Approximately 200 seismic events were recorded by the regional seismic network during this time, including four M ≥ 4.0 earthquakes. The 27 March 2021 earthquake was one of the strongest instrumentally recorded events in the area bounded approximately by the Ancona–Zadar line to the north and the Gargano–Dubrovnik line to the south. The mainshock originated at a focal depth of 9.9 km. The seismicity spread from the mainshock up-dip and down-dip along a northeast-dipping plane. Here, we investigate the geometry of the fault activated by this seismic sequence by using sP depth phases. We aim to significantly reduce the large uncertainties associated with the hypocentral locations of offshore earthquakes beneath the Adriatic Sea—an area that plays a fundamental role in the geodynamics of the Mediterranean. These refined earthquake locations also allow us to make inferences with regards to the seismotectonic context responsible for the analyzed seismicity, thus identifying a structure (here referred to as the Mid-Adriatic fault) consisting of a northwest–southeast-striking thrust fault with a ∼35° northeast-dipping plane. The use of depth-phase arrival times to constrain off-network event locations is of particular interest in Italy due to both the peculiar shape of the peninsula and the extreme scarcity of seafloor stations, the cost and management of which are very expensive and complex. Here, we present the first attempt to apply this off-network locating technique to the Italian offshore seismicity research with the aim of improving hazard estimations in these hard-to-monitor regions.
The 2022 Seismic Hazard Model for Costa Rica
Authors: Hidalgo-Leiva Diego A. , Linkimer Lepolt , Arroyo Ivonne G. , Arroyo-Solórzano Mario , Piedra Rosey , Climent Alvaro , Schmidt Díaz Víctor , Esquivel Luis Carlos , Alvarado Guillermo E. , Castillo Rolando , Carranza-Morales Marco E. , Cerdas-Guntanis Laura , Escalante-Meza Jimena , Lobo Sergio , Rodríguez María José , Rojas Wilfredo 
Published: December 2022

AB4STRACTCosta Rica is located at the boundary of four tectonic plates where the regularity of destructive earthquakes highlights the necessity of seismic hazard estimations. This study contains the most recent Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) for Costa Rica, calculated with the largest and the most updated earthquake database from both—the Earthquake Engineering Laboratory and the National Seismological Network of the University of Costa Rica. For the PSHA, we updated the seismicity parameters for the upper plate, subduction interplate, and intraslab tectonic domains, characterized the upper-plate zones by percentages of fault types, and used weighted ground-motion models for each of the tectonic domains. The resulted maps of peak ground acceleration (PGA) at return periods of 475 yr (PGA-475) and 2475 yr, as well as the spectral accelerations, show geographic trends that allow for the division of the country in four seismic hazard levels: (1) extremely high for the Nicoya, Osa, and Burica peninsulas, situated directly above the subduction interplate, where the PGA-475 could be 0.55–1.20g; (2) very high for most of the Guanacaste Province, where the PGA-475 may be 0.55–0.70g; (3) high for most of the country (∼41%) with PGA-475 values of 0.40–0.55g, including Central Costa Rica and the capital city of San Jose; and (4) moderate for the Talamanca Cordillera and Northern Costa Rica, with PGA-475 up to 0.40g. These ground-motion values are 0.1–0.6g higher than the previous PSHA for the Pacific peninsulas, Guanacaste, and the southeastern Caribbean. Further, hazard curves, uniform hazard spectra, and a hazard disaggregation indicate that the seismic hazard is lower but more complex in San Jose than in Liberia—the largest city in Guanacaste.
Pengembangan Instrumen Tes Setipe PISA untuk Melatih Kemampuan Literasi Matematika Siswa Kelas V SD LAB UM
Authors: Indrawati Indrawati , Yuniawatika Yuniawatika , Suminah Suminah 
Published: December 2022

Abstract: This study aims to produce valid PISA-type test instruments according to material experts, media experts, practical according to users, and to know the quality of test instruments. This study uses the Borg and Gall model. Based on the results of the study, the test instruments were very valid according to material experts (97.22 percent), media experts (95.83 percent), very practical according to the teacher (92.59 percent), and students (88.09 percent). The validity analysis of the questions obtained 16 valid questions and 14 invalid questions. Reliability is 0.52. Difficulty level analysis obtained 13 difficult questions, 13 moderate questions, and 4 easy questions. The analysis of differentiation was obtained 8 very good questions, 6 questions were quite good, and 16 questions were lacking.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan instrumen tes setipe PISA yang valid menurut ahli materi, ahli media, praktis menurut pengguna, serta mengetahui kualitas instrumen tes. Penelitian ini menggunakan model Borg and Gall. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, instrumen tes sangat valid menurut ahli materi (97,22 persen), ahli media (95,83 persen), sangat praktis menurut guru (92,59 persen), serta siswa (88,09 persen). Analisis validitas butir soal diperoleh 16 soal valid dan 14 soal tidak valid. Reliabilitas sebesar 0,52. Analisis tingkat kesukaran diperoleh 13 soal sukar, 13 soal sedang, dan 4 soal mudah. Analisis daya pembeda diperoleh 8 soal sangat bagus, 6 soal cukup bagus, dan 16 soal kurang.