bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Pipeline for Covid-19 Screening Incorporating Lungs Segmentation and Wavelet Based Preprocessing of Chest X-Rays
Authors: Abdulah Haikal , Huber Benjamin , Abdallah Hassan , Palese Luigi L. , Soltanian-Zadeh Hamid , Gatti Domenico L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe have developed a two-module pipeline for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 from chest X-rays (CXRs). Module 1 is a traditional convnet that generates masks of the lungs overlapping the heart and large vasa. Module 2 is a hybrid convnet that preprocesses CXRs and corresponding lung masks by means of the Wavelet Scattering Transform, and passes the resulting feature maps through an Attention block and a cascade of Separable Atrous Multiscale Convolutional Residual blocks to produce a class assignment as Covid or non-Covid. Module 1 was trained on a public dataset of 6395 CXRs with radiologist annotated lung contours. Module 2 was trained on a dataset of 2362 non-Covid and 1435 Covid CXRs acquired at the Henry Ford Health System Hospital in Detroit. Six distinct cross-validation models, were combined into an ensemble model that was used to classify the CXR images of the test set. An intuitive graphic interphase allows for rapid Covid vs. non-Covid classification of CXRs, and generates high resolution heat maps that identify the affected lung regions.
Prior selection affects phenotypic and transcriptional response to hypoxia
Authors: Ekwudo Millicent N. , Malek Morad C. , Anderson Cora E. , Yampolsky Lev Y. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHypoxia has profound and diverse effects on aerobic organisms, disrupting oxidative phosphorylation and activating several protective pathways. Predictions have been made that exposure to mild intermittent hypoxia may be protective against more severe exposure and may extend lifespan. Both effects are likely to depend on prior selection on phenotypic and transcriptional plasticity in response to hypoxia, and may therefore show signs of local adaptation. Here we report the lifespan effects of chronic, mild, intermittent hypoxia (CMIH) and short-term survival in acute severe hypoxia (ASH) in four clones of Daphnia magna originating from either permanent or intermittent habitats, the latter regularly drying up with frequent hypoxic conditions. We show that CMIH extended the lifespan in the two clones originating from intermittent habitats but had the opposite effect in the two clones from permanent habitats, which also showed lower tolerance to ASH. Exposure to CMIH did not protect against ASH; to the contrary, Daphnia from the CMIH treatment had lower ASH tolerance than normoxic controls. Few transcripts changed their abundance in response to the CMIH treatment in any of the clones. After 12 hours of ASH treatment, the transcriptional response was more pronounced, with numerous protein-coding genes with functionality in mitochondrial and respiratory metabolism, oxygen transport, and gluconeogenesis showing up-regulation. While clones from intermittent habitats showed somewhat stronger differential expression in response to ASH than those from permanent habitats, there were no significant hypoxia-by-habitat of origin or CMIH-by-ASH interactions. GO enrichment analysis revealed a possible hypoxia tolerance role by accelerating the molting cycle and regulating neuron survival through up-regulation of cuticular proteins and neurotrophins, respectively.
Development of a ferritin-based nanoparticle vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant
Authors: Tai Wanbo , Chai Benjie , Feng Shengyong , Zhuang Xinyu , Ma Jun , Pang Mujia , Pan Lin , Yang Zi , Tian Mingyao , Cheng Gong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA new SARS-CoV-2 variant named Omicron (B.1.1.529) discovered initially in South Africa has recently been proposed as a variant of concern (VOC) by the World Health Organization, because of its high transmissibility and resistance to current vaccines and therapeutic antibodies. Therefore, rapid development of vaccines against prevalent variants including Omicron is urgently needed for COVID-19 prevention. Here, we designed a self-assembling ferritin-based nanoparticle (FNP) vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. The purified Fc-RBDOmicron automatically formed a dimer depending on the nature of the Fc tag, thus assembling onto the nanoparticles by the Fc-protein A tag interaction (FNP-Fc-RBDOmicron). The results of hACE2-transgenic mice immunization showed that SARS-CoV-2 Omicron RBD-specific IgG titer induced by FNP-Fc-RBDOmicron was much higher than that by Fc-RBDOmicron. Consistently, the sera showed a higher neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 in the FNP-Fc-RBDOmicron immunized mice, indicating that immunization of a self-assembling ferritin-based nanoparticle vaccine offers a robust humoral immune response against Omicron variants. This study offers a great potential for the quick response of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and affords versatility to develop universal vaccines against other emerging and reemerging coronaviruses in the future.
Human myelin proteolipid protein structure and lipid bilayer stacking
Authors: Ruskamo Salla , Raasakka Arne , Pedersen Jan Skov , Martel Anne , Škubník Karel , Darwish Tamim , Porcar Lionel , Kursula Petri 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThe myelin sheath is an essential, multilayered membrane structure that insulates axons, enabling the rapid transmission of nerve impulses. The tetraspan myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) is the most abundant protein of compact myelin in the central nervous system (CNS). The integral membrane protein PLP adheres myelin membranes together and enhances the compaction of myelin, having a fundamental role in myelin stability and axonal support. PLP is linked to severe CNS neuropathies, including inherited Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease and spastic paraplegia type 2, as well as multiple sclerosis. Nevertheless, the structure, lipid interaction properties, and membrane organization mechanisms of PLP have remained unidentified. We expressed, purified, and structurally characterized human PLP and its shorter isoform DM20. Synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering revealed a dimeric, α-helical conformation for both PLP and DM20 in detergent complexes, and pinpoint structural variations between the isoforms and their influence on protein function. In phosphatidylcholine membranes, reconstituted PLP and DM20 spontaneously induced formation of multilamellar myelin-like membrane assemblies. Cholesterol and sphingomyelin enhanced the membrane organization but were not crucial for membrane stacking. Electron cryomicroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction experiments for membrane-embedded PLP/DM20 illustrated effective membrane stacking and ordered organization of membrane assemblies with a repeat distance in line with CNS myelin. Our results shed light on the 3D structure of myelin PLP and DM20, their structure-function differences, as well as fundamental protein-lipid interplay in CNS compact myelin.
Overcoming challenges faced by digital entrepreneurs: a design thinking approach
Authors: Lamba Paramjit Singh , Jain Neera 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
The swift emergence of digital entrepreneurs since the pandemic began motivated us to study how these individuals have overcome challenges in such a dynamic, highly competitive landscape. Emergent themes were mapped using a design thinking approach for understanding these entrepreneurs’ actions during the early days of their start-up organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
We selected a purposive sample of 24 digital business founders whose ventures were less than two years old from various domains. Manual thematic analysis was conducted to arrive at the themes, and the design thinking approach helped us to conceptualize the integrative model.

Findings
We arrived at six themes for understanding how digital entrepreneurs overcame the challenges they faced. We traced four of these themes to the existing literature, and two were newly emergent themes.

Practical implications
Given the findings of this study, practitioners may benefit from leveraging a design thinking approach before initiating their entrepreneurial journeys. This study may additionally propel the interest of founders seeking to grow their businesses into larger organizations across geographical regions.

Originality/value
This in-depth qualitative study is among the earliest to explore ways to overcome the challenges digital entrepreneurs face during the early stages of their ventures. The theoretical contributions of this paper are in the application of design thinking and the creation of a conceptual model in the field of digital entrepreneurship.
Exploring digitalisation at IKEA
Authors: Hagberg Johan , Jonsson Anna 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe paper aims to clarify how an incumbent retail organisation explores digitalisation for its existing business.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws from an in-depth case study of home-furnishing retail giant, IKEA conducted with semi-structured interviews, participant observations and document analyses.FindingsIn the exploration phase of digitalisation, three major activities – interpreting, interrelating and integrating – illuminate how the exploration process can be organised in practice.Originality/valueAlthough digitalisation ranks amongst the most significant ongoing transformations in retail businesses, research on how incumbent retail organisations have engaged in exploring digitalisation in practice has remained scarce. The paper contributes insights into digitalisation processes in retail businesses that may also apply to other trends affecting the retail industry.
Perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty in a World Heritage Site Alhambra and Generalife (Granada, Spain)
Authors: Valverde-Roda José , Moral-Cuadra Salvador , Aguilar-Rivero Minerva , Solano-Sánchez Miguel Ángel 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to replicate a model already proven in previous research in this field. This will make it possible to explain the possible relationships that may occur among the motivations, perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty of the tourist towards the Alhambra and Generalife inscribed as World Heritage Site (WHS) in 1984.

Design/methodology/approach
From a dataset containing 1,612 surveys, a model a model based on structural equations has been carried out through SmartPLS software, focus the analysis on the model dependent variables’ predictive power, as well as the size of the effect and the statistical inference of the structural relationships.

Findings
The main conclusions include the influence of perceived value on satisfaction as well as the influence of the latter on loyalty. it is remarkable the effect that the perceived value has on satisfaction, and satisfaction on loyalty. This implies that a positive assessment of world heritage destinations leads a subsequent loyalty to them.

Practical implications
The results obtained in this research can be used as a starting point for the establishment of new strategies for the promotion of the destination in terms of tourism and heritage.

Originality/value
The inclusion in the list of WHS is recognition in terms of material and historical quality, as well as a stimulus for tourism because it increases the number of visits to the destination. Several studies carried out in these types of destinations have shown the existence of a relationship between motivations, perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty. However, there are no previous studies carried out in the Alhambra and the Generalife that sustain this relationship. This work makes a contribution that completes the academic literature on the study of the emotional bonds between the historical and monumental heritage and the tourist who visits it and its behaviour.
Formalizing the strategic product deletion decision: incorporating multiple stakeholder views
Authors: Golrizgashti Seyedehfatemeh , Zhu Qingyun , Sarkis Joseph 
Published: March 2022

PurposeMarket uncertainties require organizations to consistently revisit their product portfolio. Theoretically the link between corporate strategy, supply chain and operations for Product Deletion (PD) decisions is lacking. The purpose of this study is to develop a decision support tool that enables managers to evaluate PD decisions across business, supply chain strategies and customer considerations; rationalizing product portfolio variety while realizing long-term organizational competitiveness.Design/methodology/approachThis study applies Quality Function Deployment (QFD) to formalize PD decision-making across multiple functional strategy perspectives. Manufacturing, supply chain, finance and marketing functions are included along with incorporating multiple stakeholder voices from multiple organizational levels—including top-management team members, cross-functional managers and customers. A case study application is conducted using an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) perspective.FindingsThe interrelationships between business, supply chain strategies and customer requirements are identified, along with tensions and tradeoffs using a series of “houses” or relationship matrices. The methodology provides managers with a decision support tool that can be flexible and applicable to aid sound PD decision-making incorporating multiple stakeholders.Originality/valueProduct decisions at the decline stage—for example product retirement or deletion—are neglected both in research and in practice. Having a formalized systematic process can make PD outcomes more objective. The proposed QFD approach is one of the early PD decision support tools—products can be deleted for strategic, operational and customer-related reasons, and the hierarchical interrelationships among various reasons need to be carefully managed to ensure sound product portfolio rationalization.
How can we achieve better e-Learning success in the new normal?
Authors: Kim Sodam , Lee Jumin , Yoon Sang-Hyeak , Kim Hee-Woong 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThis study aims to propose and validate a model for e-Learning success based on students’ experiences in the “new normal.” To achieve this goal, this study focused on answering three research questions: (1) What are the students’ experiential factors that impact e-Learning? (2) How do these experiential factors affect e-Learning success? (3) In what ways does a multimethod provide a comprehensive perspective and an in-depth understanding of students’ e-Learning experiences in the new normal?Design/methodology/approachThis study applied a mixed-methods sequential approach using exploratory, confirmatory and complementary studies. First, this study undertook a text-mining exploratory analysis of the review data to extract e-Learning topics. Then, based on the Information Systems (IS) success model, this study identified an integrated framework drawn from the results of the text-mining analysis. Second, this study proposed an e-Learning, experience-based success model and corresponding hypotheses and conducted a confirmatory study with surveys to validate the model. Third, this study conducted in-depth interviews to better identify the phenomenon of interest.FindingsThe five factors extracted from the first stage are system quality, lecture content, teaching quality, online interaction and achievement. This study subsequently confirmed the significant relationships between the e-Learning success factors in the second stage based on the IS success model. Finally, a complementary study identified the importance of interactivity for e-Learning success in the new normal.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to develop an e-Learning success model using a comprehensive mixed-methods approach.
The impact of organizational ostracism on knowledge hiding: analysing the sequential mediating role of efficacy needs and psychological distress
Authors: Bhatti Sabeen Hussain , Hussain Maryam , Santoro Gabriele , Culasso Francesca 
Published: March 2022

PurposeDrawing on the conservation of resources theory and need-threat model, this study aims to analyse the mediating role of efficacy needs (EN) and psychological distress (PD) on the relationship between workplace ostracism (WO) and knowledge hiding (KH) behaviour of employees.Design/methodology/approachTime-lagged data were collected from 225 employees working in the mobile telecommunication sector through online survey instruments prepared in light of past literature. SmartPLS3 was used to analyse the data.FindingsThe results obtained confirm the initial hypothesis that there exists a positive relationship between WO and KH. Furthermore, the results also established the sequential mediating roles of EN and PD between WO and KH behaviour of employees.Originality/valueThis study adds to the literature suggesting that WO represents a real threat to companies that aim to foster knowledge-sharing behaviours. Moreover, it reveals that EN and PD are two underlying mechanisms behind the baseline relationship.
Are red managers greener? The relationship of communist CEOs and corporate environmental responsibility in China
Authors: Su Ya , Zhang Lu 
Published: March 2022

PurposeAs China's only ruling party, will the Communist Party influence corporate decisions? The purpose of this paper is to examine whether and how the political ideology of CEOs affects the environmental responsibility of Chinese family firms and its effects on Corporate Environmental Responsibility (CER), in addition to a cohesive set of corporate governance contingency factors.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a series of the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression estimates and two-stage approach to examine four main hypotheses, based on 7,824 observations corresponding to 1,919 family firms in China from 2004 to 2015.FindingsThe study's findings show that CEOs imprinted with communist ideology are significantly positively related to CER in family firms, that the moderating role of ownership concentration is not significant, that board independence positively moderates the focal relationship and that CEO duality negatively moderates this relationship.Originality/valueThe paper expands the research of CEOs' political ideology to the ecological context, which are of significance to both theory and practice.
Micro-, meso- and macro-level determinants of stock price crash risk: a systematic survey of literature
Authors: Ali Waris , Wilson Jeffrey , Husnain Muhammad 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThis article conducts a thorough review and synthesis of the empirical research on the antecedents of stock price crash risk to ascertain the macro-, meso- and micro-level determinants contributing to stock price crashes.Design/methodology/approachThe authors systematically reviewed 85 empirical papers published in ABS-ranked journals to assess the macro-, meso- and micro-level determinants causing stock price crashes.FindingsThe findings indicate that macroeconomic factors such as corporate governance, political and legal factors, socioeconomic indicators and religious beliefs have an effect on firm-level corporate behavior contributing to stock price crash risk. At a meso-level customer concentration, industry-level characteristics, media coverage, structural features of ownership and behavioral factors have a substantial effect on stock price crash risk. Finally, micro-level variables influencing stock market crash risk include CEO qualities and compensation, business policies, earnings management, financial transparency, managerial characteristics and firm-specific variables.Research limitations/implicationsBased on our analysis we identify priority areas for future research.Originality/valueThis is a seminal work using a multilevel framework to categorize the determinants of stock price crashes into micro-, meso- and macro-level factors.
Does intraorganizational competition prompt or hinder performance? The risks for proactive employees who hide knowledge
Authors: Sofyan Yunita , De Clercq Dirk , Shang Yufan 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThis study examines whether employees' perceptions of intraorganizational competition, defined as beliefs that the organization evaluates their performance in comparison with others, result in lower supervisor ratings of their conscientiousness if the employees, particularly those with proactive personalities, respond to the resource-draining, competitive work situation with knowledge hiding behavior.Design/methodology/approachMultisource data were collected from employees and supervisors in different industries at three points in time. The research hypotheses were tested with hierarchical multiple regression analysis, in combination with PROCESS macro-based bootstrapping, to assess mediation and moderated mediation.FindingsBeliefs about highly competitive organizational climates are counterproductive, in that they lead employees to conceal knowledge intentionally from other organizational members. This mediating role of knowledge concealment is particularly prominent among employees with a strong desire to take the initiative to protect themselves against the hardships created by a climate of internal competition.Research limitations/implicationsThe research design does not allow for formal tests of causality.Practical implicationsFor human resource managers, this research pinpoints self-protective knowledge hiding as a key, detrimental mechanism. It imposes dual harms: employees feel threatened by the strict performance-oriented climate, and their defensive reactions make them appear less conscientious to supervisors. This downward spiral is particularly likely to initiate among employees who exhibit a disposition toward action.Originality/valueThis research investigates novel connections between specific organizational elements and outcomes, by specifying why and when employees' beliefs about performance-oriented organizational climates might backfire, due to their negative behavioral responses, such as purposeful knowledge hiding.