bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental quantification of interfacial convections at the water–nonaqueous‐phase liquid interface in microfluidic systems
Authors: Wismeth Carina , Flury Markus , Baumann Thomas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMass transfer rates at liquid–liquid interfaces are relevant for a broad range of processes in natural and technical systems. The objective of this study was to characterize and quantify convective flow along the interface between water and nonaqueous‐phase liquids (NAPLs). Three NAPLs with different water solubility were used: 1‐heptanol, 1‐octanol, and 1‐nonanol. The convective flow was visualized and recorded in a micromodel setup with fluorescent particles and an epifluorescence microscope. Individual trajectories were evaluated to obtain the statistics of the particle velocities. We observed a fast‐rotating convection current along the NAPL–water interface with a maximum velocity of approximately 1,000 μm s−1 after 10 min. The fluid motion showed a persistent movement in the form of a rolling cell for at least 99 h, but a decreasing rotation speed over time. We attributed the convective flow dynamics to three mechanisms following different kinetic rates: (a) a short‐lived Marangoni flow, (b) a medium‐lived dissolution‐driven flow, and (c) a long‐lived evaporation‐driven flow. Upon initial contact between water and NAPLs, the differences in surface tension caused a rapid Marangoni flow along the interface, which died out quickly as the surface tensions were equilibrated. The Marangoni flow was superseded by a dissolution‐driven flow as the NAPLs dissolved in the aqueous phase. The dissolution‐driven flow dissipated according to a first‐order rate law and died out when the liquids were mutually saturated. Evaporation of water and NAPLs caused a long‐term but slow convective flow. The interaction of these three mechanisms caused enhanced mixing during multiphase transport.
Hopeful Pessimism: The Kantian Mind at the End of All Things
Authors: Chignell Andrew 
Published: July 2022

AbstractKant’s third question (“What may I hope?”) is underdiscussed in comparison to the other two, even though he himself took it to be the question that united his efforts in theoretical and practical philosophy. This is largely his own fault: in his discussion of the question he moves quickly from talking about rational hope to discussing the kind of Belief or faith (Glaube) that grounds it. Moreover, the canonical statements of his own moral proof do not seem to give hope any essential role to play. In this chapter I first consider the ways in which pre-Kantian authors muddied the distinction between what we would call “hope” and “expectation.” I then look at how Kant’s views about hope evolve to the point where, by the time of the “End of All Things” essay of 1794, he seems to endorse a kind of hopeful pessimism about our this-worldly situation, at least. I then examine a version of Kant’s moral proof that succeeds in locating a role for hope that is distinct from that of Belief, expectation, optimism, and so on. Finally, I turn to some contemporary work in two very different arenas – Anthropocene scholarship and Christian eschatology – in order to look at how the concepts of hope and optimism are deployed in those contexts. We will see that although some of the recent discourses about the “Good Anthropocene” slip beyond hope into full-blown optimism, most authors working on ecological and environmental topics are careful to keep the attitudes distinct. By contrast, there is a tendency among contemporary theologians to follow earlier Christian authors in slipping beyond mere hope to optimistic faith, and even to full-blown certainty.
Finite Element Model for Wind Comfort Around a Tall Building: A Case Study of Tower of Qazaqstan
Authors: Narbayev Bakdauren , Amanbek Yerlan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPedestrian wind comfort plays an essential role in the urban environment. In our work, we consider a model obtained using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) around a tall building. Our focus is the Tower of Qazaqstan or Abu Dhabi Plaza in Nur-Sultan city (Kazakhstan), which will be the tallest building in Central Asia with a height of 310.8 m. We investigated the effect of the wind velocity on pedestrians by solving the incompressible time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations in the deal.II library by the Finite Element Method (FEM) using the projection method. We present numerical simulation results for various scenarios. It has been found that the velocity profile can vary in the domain that creates different pedestrian comfort conditions including the exceeded category at places dedicated to pedestrian walking.
A Web-Based Dashboard for Estimating the Economic and Ecological Impacts of Land Use Class Changes for Key Land Patches
Authors: Bayram Alper , Marvuglia Antonino 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe increasing pressure on land coming from the raising needs of a fast-growing population puts public and private landowners and decision makers in front of difficult choices concerning the best use of limited land resources. On one hand, agricultural land and grassland need to be used to support human food requirements. On the other hand, these land uses create trade-offs with other ecosystem functions, assets and services, such as ecological connectivity, biodiversity and natural habitat maintenance. In this paper a prototype web-based dashboard is presented, that aims at allowing a fully-fledged calculation of the economic and environmental trade-offs between different land uses of any land patch (excluding urban areas and infrastructures) and in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. An agent-based model (ABM) coupled with life-cycle assessment (LCA) runs on the background of the dashboard. The coupled model allows the simulation of the farm business and the calculation of the revenues made by farmers in every land patch under different farm management scenarios. Crossing the information coming from the model with other tools would also allow to integrate local environmental trade-offs, such as degradation of local habitats or ecological connectivity, and not only global ones defined in a non-spatialized way. The dashboard has a potentially high value to inform policy, strategies, or specific actions (e.g., environmental stewardship programs that integrate economic convenience as a condition) and has the necessary flexibility to integrate new aspects related to territorial analyses as they become available.
Solving the Hagedorn temperature of AdS5/CFT4 via the Quantum Spectral Curve: chemical potentials and deformations
Authors: Harmark Troels , Wilhelm Matthias 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe describe how to calculate the Hagedorn temperature of$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 SYM theory and type IIB superstring theory onAdS5×S5via the Quantum Spectral Curve (QSC) — providing further details on our previous letters [1] and [2]. We solve the QSC equations perturbatively at weak ‘t Hooft couplingλup to seven-loop order and numerically at finite coupling, finding that the perturbative results can be expressed in terms of single-valued harmonic polylogarithms. Moreover, we generalize the QSC to describe the Hagedorn temperature in the presence of chemical potentials. Finally, we show that the Hagedorn temperature in certain deformations of$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 SYM theory (real-βandγideformation) agrees with the one in$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 SYM theory at any value ofλ.
Searching for Charged Higgs Bosons via e+e− → H+H− → $$ \overline{c}b\overline{c}b $$ at Linear Colliders
Authors: Hou Wei-Shu , Jain Rishabh , Modak Tanmoy 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We study a search for the charged Higgs boson via e+e−→ H+H−→$$ \overline{c}b\overline{c}b $$

c
¯

b

c
¯

b
at the 500 GeV ILC. In a general two Higgs doublet model without Z2 symmetry, extra Yukawa couplings ρtt and ρtc can drive baryogenesis, but searches at the HL-LHC may still go empty-handed if the couplings are relatively weak. Taking $$ {m}_{H^{+}} $$

m

H
+

≃ mH ≃ mA ≃ 200 GeV, with ρtt, ρtc ∼ 0.1 and no h(125)-H mixing, H+ → $$ c\overline{b} $$
c

b
¯

decay is dominant, and the $$ \overline{c}b\overline{c}b $$

c
¯

b

c
¯

b
final state is likely overwhelmed by QCD background at the LHC. We show that the electroweak production of H+H− at the ILC is discoverable with integrated luminosity of 1 ab−1. Furthermore, we show that $$ {m}_{H^{+}} $$

m

H
+

can be extracted by requiring the two pairs of b and light jets be roughly equal in mass, without assuming the mass value. Thus, ILC can probe low mass Higgs bosons in multijet final states to complement HL-LHC in the future.
Liver-specific deletion of miR-181ab1 reduces liver tumour progression via upregulation of CBX7
Authors: Chen Jinbiao , Zhao Yang , Zhang Fan , Li Jia , Boland Jade A. , Cheng Ngan Ching , Liu Ken , Tiffen Jessamy C. , Bertolino Patrick , Bowen David G. , Krueger Andreas , Lisowski Leszek , Alexander Ian E. , Vadas Mathew A. , El-Omar Emad , Gamble Jennifer R. , McCaughan Geoffrey W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMiR-181 expression levels increased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared to non-cancerous tissues. MiR-181 has been widely reported as a possible driver of tumourigenesis but also acts as a tumour suppressor. In addition, the miR-181 family regulates the development and function of immune and vascular cells, which play vital roles in the progression of tumours. More complicatedly, many genes have been identified as miR-181 targets to mediate the effects of miR-181. However, the role of miR-181 in the development of primary tumours remains largely unexplored. We aimed to examine the function of miR-181 and its vital mediators in the progression of diethylnitrosamine-induced primary liver cancers in mice. The size of liver tumours was significantly reduced by 90% in global (GKO) or liver-specific (LKO) 181ab1 knockout mice but not in hematopoietic and endothelial lineage-specific knockout mice, compared to WT mice. In addition, the number of tumours was significantly reduced by 50% in GKO mice. Whole-genome RNA-seq analysis and immunohistochemistry showed that epithelial-mesenchymal transition was partially reversed in GKO tumours compared to WT tumours. The expression of CBX7, a confirmed miR-181 target, was up-regulated in GKO compared to WT tumours. Stable CBX7 expression was achieved with an AAV/Transposase Hybrid-Vector System and up-regulated CBX7 expression inhibited liver tumour progression in WT mice. Hepatic CBX7 deletion restored the progression of LKO liver tumours. MiR-181a expression was the lowest and CBX7 expression the highest in iClust2 and 3 subclasses of human HCC compared to iClust1. Gene expression profiles of GKO tumours overlapped with low-proliferative peri-portal-type HCCs. Liver-specific loss of miR-181ab1 inhibited primary liver tumour progression via up-regulating CBX7 expression, but tumour induction requires both hepatic and non-hepatic miR-181. Also, miR-181ab1-deficient liver tumours may resemble low-proliferative periportal-type human HCC.
Graphical abstract
Involutive Uninorm Logic with Fixed Point enjoys finite strong standard completeness
Authors: Jenei Sándor 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAn algebraic proof is presented for the finite strong standard completeness of the Involutive Uninorm Logic with Fixed Point ($${{\mathbf {IUL}}^{fp}}$$

IUL

fp

). It may provide a first step towards settling the standard completeness problem for the Involutive Uninorm Logic ($${\mathbf {IUL}}$$
IUL
, posed in G. Metcalfe, F. Montagna. (J Symb Log 72:834–864, 2007)) in an algebraic manner. The result is proved via an embedding theorem which is based on the structural description of the class of odd involutive FL$$_e$$

e

-chains which have finitely many positive idempotent elements.
Semigroups of straight left inverse quotients
Authors: Gould Victoria , Schneider Georgia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLetQbe an inverse semigroup. A subsemigroupSofQis aleft I-orderinQandQis asemigroup of left I-quotientsofSif every element inQcan be written as$$a^{-1}b$$a-1b, where$$a, b \in S$$a,b∈Sand$$a^{-1}$$a-1is the inverse ofain the sense of inverse semigroup theory. If we insist on being able to takeaandbto be$$\mathscr {R}$$R-related inQwe say thatSisstraightinQandQis asemigroup of straight left I-quotientsofS. We give a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for a semigroup to be a straight left I-order. The conditions are in terms of two binary relations, corresponding to the potential restrictions of$${\mathscr {R}}$$Rand$${\mathscr {L}}$$Lfrom an oversemigroup, and an associated partial order. Our approach relies on the meet structure of the$$\mathscr {L}$$L-classes of inverse semigroups. We prove that every finite left I-order is straight and give an example of a left I-order which is not straight.
Inhibition of C3 with pegcetacoplan results in normalization of hemolysis markers in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Wong Raymond S. M. , Pullon Humphrey W. H. , Amine Ismail , Bogdanovic Andrija , Deschatelets Pascal , Francois Cedric G. , Ignatova Kalina , Issaragrisil Surapol , Niparuck Pimjai , Numbenjapon Tontanai , Roman Eloy , Sathar Jameela , Xu Raymond , Al-Adhami Mohammed , Tan Lisa , Tse Eric , Grossi Federico V. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare, acquired hematologic disorder characterized by complement-mediated hemolysis. C5 inhibitors (eculizumab/ravulizumab) control intravascular hemolysis but do not prevent residual extravascular hemolysis. The newly approved complement inhibitor, pegcetacoplan, inhibits C3, upstream of C5, and has the potential to improve control of complement-mediated hemolysis. The PADDOCK and PALOMINO clinical trials assessed the safety and efficacy of pegcetacoplan in complement inhibitor-naïve adults (≥ 18 years) diagnosed with PNH. Patients in PADDOCK (phase 1b open-label, pilot trial) received daily subcutaneous pegcetacoplan (cohort 1: 180 mg up to day 28 [n = 3]; cohort 2: 270–360 mg up to day 365 [n = 20]). PALOMINO (phase 2a, open-label trial) used the same dosing protocol as PADDOCK cohort 2 (n = 4). Primary endpoints in both trials were mean change from baseline in hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, haptoglobin, and the number and severity of treatment-emergent adverse events. Mean baseline hemoglobin levels were below the lower limit of normal in both trials (PADDOCK: 8.38 g/dL; PALOMINO: 7.73 g/dL; normal range: 11.90–18.00 g/dL), increased to within normal range by day 85, and were sustained through day 365 (PADDOCK: 12.14 g/dL; PALOMINO: 13.00 g/dL). In PADDOCK, 3 serious adverse events (SAE) led to study drug discontinuation, 1 of which was deemed likely related to pegcetacoplan and 1 SAE, not deemed related to study drug, led to death. No SAE led to discontinuation/death in PALOMINO. Pegcetacoplan was generally well tolerated and improved hematological parameters by controlling hemolysis, while also improving other clinical PNH indicators in both trials. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02588833 and NCT03593200).
Unprecedented Heatwave in Western North America during Late June of 2021: Roles of Atmospheric Circulation and Global Warming
Authors: Wang Chunzai , Zheng Jiayu , Lin Wei , Wang Yuqing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAn extraordinary and unprecedented heatwave swept across western North America (i.e., the Pacific Northwest) in late June of 2021, resulting in hundreds of deaths, a massive die-off of sea creatures off the coast, and horrific wildfires. Here, we use observational data to find the atmospheric circulation variabilities of the North Pacific and Arctic-Pacific-Canada patterns that co-occurred with the development and mature phases of the heatwave, as well as the North America pattern, which coincided with the decaying and eastward movement of the heatwave. Climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (Phase 6) are not designed to simulate a particular heatwave event like this one. Still, models show that greenhouse gases are the main reason for the long-term increase of average daily maximum temperature in western North America in the past and future.
Mineralocorticoid receptor-antagonism prevents COVID-19-dependent glycocalyx damage
Authors: Fels Benedikt , Acharya Sovon , Vahldieck Carl , Graf Tobias , Käding Nadja , Rupp Jan , Kusche-Vihrog Kristina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProinflammatory cytokines target vascular endothelial cells during COVID-19 infections. In particular, the endothelial glycocalyx (eGC), a proteoglycan-rich layer on top of endothelial cells, was identified as a vulnerable, vasoprotective structure during infections. Thus, eGC damage can be seen as a hallmark in the development of endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory processes. Using sera derived from patients suffering from COVID-19, we could demonstrate that the eGC became progressively worse in relation to disease severity (mild vs severe course) and in correlation to IL-6 levels. This could be prevented by administering low doses of spironolactone, a well-known and highly specific aldosterone receptor antagonist. Our results confirm that SARS-CoV-2 infections cause eGC damage and endothelial dysfunction and we outline the underlying mechanisms and suggest potential therapeutic options.
The term CAKUT has outlived its usefulness: the case for the defense
Authors: Knoers Nine V. A. M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract form a spectrum of congenital structural disorders that are generally known under the term CAKUT. The term CAKUT was introduced 20 years ago and has been used extensively in literature since. Prof. Woolf has made a plea for abandoning this term in his “case for the prosecution.” Here, I advocate for the continued use of CAKUT as an umbrella term for these related congenital kidney and urinary tract abnormalities. I explain why the term CAKUT accurately and usefully defines this group of related structural disorders with prenatal origin and why it makes sense to continue grouping these disorders given accumulating evidence for shared etiology of CAKUT phenotypes and the importance of grouping CAKUT phenotypes in genetic counseling.
Soil CO2 emissions in cropland with fodder maize (Zea mays L.) with and without riparian buffer strips of differing vegetation
Authors: Dlamini J. C. , Cardenas L. M. , Tesfamariam E. H. , Dunn R. M. , Evans J. , Hawkins J. M. B. , Blackwell M. S. A. , Collins A. L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVegetated land areas play a significant role in determining the fate of carbon (C) in the global C cycle. Riparian buffer vegetation is primarily implemented for water quality purposes as they attenuate pollutants from immediately adjacent croplands before reaching freashwater systems. However, their prevailing conditions may sometimes promote the production and subsequent emissions of soil carbon dioxide (CO2). Despite this, the understanding of soil CO2 emissions from riparian buffer vegetation and a direct comparison with adjacent croplands they serve remain elusive. In order to quantify the extent of CO2 emissions in such an agro system, we measured CO2 emissions simultaneously with soil and environmental variables for six months in a replicated plot-scale facility comprising of maize cropping served by three vegetated riparian buffers, namely: (i) a novel grass riparian buffer; (ii) a willow riparian buffer, and; (iii) a woodland riparian buffer. These buffered treatments were compared with a no-buffer control. The woodland (322.9 ± 3.1 kg ha− 1) and grass (285 ± 2.7 kg ha− 1) riparian buffer treatments (not significant to each other) generated significantly (p = < 0.0001) the largest CO2 compared to the remainder of the treatments. Our results suggest that during maize production in general, the woodland and grass riparian buffers serving a maize crop pose a CO2 threat. The results of the current study point to the need to consider the benefits for gaseous emissions of mitigation measures conventionally implemented for improving the sustainability of water resources.
Tobacco Harm Reduction with Vaporised Nicotine (THRiVe): A Feasibility Trial of Nicotine Vaping Products for Smoking Cessation Among People Living with HIV
Authors: Edwards Stephanie , Puljević Cheneal , Dean Judith A. , Gilks Charles , Boyd Mark A. , Baker Peter , Watts Peter , Howard Chris , Gartner Coral E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPeople living with HIV (PLHIV) have high rates of tobacco smoking. Nicotine vaping products (NVPs) may promote tobacco smoking cessation and/or harm reduction. This study aimed to trial the feasibility of NVPs for promoting tobacco smoking cessation among PLHIV. The Tobacco Harm Reduction with Vaporised Nicotine (THRiVe) study was a mixed-methods trial among 29 PLHIV who used tobacco daily. Participants trialled a 12-week intervention of NVPs. This study reports descriptive analyses of quantitative data on tobacco abstinence and associated adverse events. Short-term abstinence (7-day point prevalence; i.e., no tobacco use for 7 days) was achieved by 35% of participants at Week 12 and 31% reported short-term abstinence at Week 24. Sustained medium-term abstinence (8 weeks’ abstinence) was achieved by 15% of participants at Week 12 and 31% at Week 24. Most adverse events were mild. NVPs may represent a feasible and potentially effective short-to-medium term tobacco smoking cessation aid and/or harm reduction strategy among PLHIV.
Permeability and Turbulence Over Perforated Plates
Authors: Shahzad Haris , Hickel Stefan , Modesti Davide 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe perform direct numerical simulations of turbulent flow at friction Reynolds number $$Re_\tau \approx 500{-}2000$$

R

e
τ

≈
500
-
2000

grazing over perforates plates with moderate viscous-scaled orifice diameter $$d^+\approx 40-160$$

d
+

≈
40
-
160

and analyse the relation between permeability and added drag. Unlike previous studies of turbulent flows over permeable surfaces, we find that the flow inside the orifices is dominated by inertial effects, and that the relevant permeability is the Forchheimer and not the Darcy one. We find evidence of a fully rough regime where the relevant length scale is the inverse of the Forchheimer coefficient, which can be regarded as the resistance experienced by the wall-normal flow. Moreover, we show that, for low porosities, the Forchheimer coefficient can be estimated with good accuracy using a simple analytical relation.
Asteroid families: properties, recent advances, and future opportunities
Authors: Novaković Bojan , Vokrouhlický David , Spoto Federica , Nesvorný David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCollisions are one of the key processes shaping planetary systems. Asteroid families are outcomes of such collision still identifiable across our solar system. The families provide a unique view of catastrophic disruption phenomena and have been in the focus of planetary scientists for more than a century. Most of them are located in the main belt, a ring of asteroids between Mars and Jupiter. Here we review the basic properties of the families, discuss some recent advances, and anticipate future challenges. This review pays more attention to dynamic aspects such as family identification, age determination, and long-term evolution. The text, however, goes beyond that. Especially, we cover the details of young families that see the major advances in the last years, and we anticipate it will develop even faster in the future. We also discuss the relevance of asteroid families for water-ice content in the asteroid belt and our current knowledge on links between families and main-belt comets. query Please check the edit made in the article title.