bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stratigraphic record of continental breakup, offshore NW Australia—Discussion
Authors: Alves Tiago M. , Fetter Marcos , Busby Cathy , Cunha Tiago A. , Mattos Nathalia H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReeve et al. (2022) address the stratigraphic record of continental breakup by focusing on a set of stratigraphic unconformities from a proximal sector of the NW Australian continental margin, inboard from the Exmouth Plateau. They suggest that such unconformities can potentially document a well‐defined three‐stage process: end of the syn‐rift phase, formation of a wide continent‐ocean transition zone (COTZ) and generation of ‘true’ Penrose‐type oceanic crust. We counterargue that continental breakup is a protracted event that can only be understood via seismic‐ and chronostratigraphic correlations of strata, and their composing sequences, across and along rifted margins. Tying proximal stratigraphic unconformities to magnetic anomalies outboard from the study area in Reeve et al. (2022) is open to question. In parallel, we suggest that age resolutions of ca. 1 Ma are not achievable using the micropaleontological data presented in Reeve et al. (2022), with an important reworking of microfossil assemblages potentially occurring during the erosional process forming local and regional unconformities. Our discussion addresses these points in more detail.
Electronic nicotine delivery system advertising in business‐to‐business publications, United States, 2015–2020
Authors: Marynak Kristy , Welding Kevin , Kelley Dannielle , Trigger Sarah , Moran Meghan B. , Kennedy Ryan D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionTobacco retailers are a key target audience for tobacco product advertising, yet little is known about the messages and channels used to market electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) to retailers.MethodsWe assessed expenditures for business‐to‐business print advertising for ENDS in the United States, by year and by advertiser, from 2015 to 2020; and the content of advertisements placed in 2020.ResultsThe total number of ENDS brands placing business‐to‐business advertisements declined from 45 in 2015 to 6 in 2020; spending declined from $2.6 million in 2015 (for 283 occurrences) to $492,789 in 2020 (69 occurrences). Across years, the top‐spending advertisers were Logic ($1.9 million), blu ($1.0 million), JUUL ($625,050), NJOY ($373,126) and Vuse ($322,075). Common messages of advertisements placed in 2020 included that products are not intended for minors; brand market share; health warnings; profitability or revenue potential for retailers; and flavours.DiscussionThis study suggests that ENDS companies anticipate that ENDS retailers are interested in stocking products that maximise profits, appeal to consumers and comply with regulatory requirements. Declines in the number of advertisers mirror the overall consolidation of the ENDS industry that occurred during the study period.ConclusionsBusiness‐to‐business print advertising represents an important channel in which ENDS brands communicate a variety of messages about their products directly to potential retailers.
Effects of non‐native species on phylogenetic dispersion of freshwater fish communities in North America
Authors: Qian Hong , Chu Cindy , Li Daijiang , Cao Yong , Sandel Brody , Anas M. U. Mohamed , Mandrak Nicholas E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimMost studies focusing on terrestrial ecosystems have shown that non‐native species are more likely to invade phylogenetically clustered communities, that the introduction of non‐native species increases phylogenetic clustering in the recipient communities, and that the latter is more conspicuous for recipient communities at a larger spatial scale. However, whether these patterns hold for aquatic ecosystems is rarely tested. Here, we investigate the phylogenetic structure of native and non‐native freshwater fish assemblages at a continental spatial extent.LocationThe continental United States and Canada.Time periodCurrent.MethodsWe collated native and naturalized non‐native species lists of freshwater fishes for each watershed at local and regional spatial scales. Two phylogenetic metrics (MPDses and MNNDses) representing different evolutionary depths were used to quantify the phylogenetic dispersion of each watershed fish assemblage and were related to temperature and precipitation using correlation and regression analyses. Values of the metrics were compared between the two spatial scales.ResultsOur study found that (1) phylogenetically more diverse fish communities tended to be invaded by fewer non‐native fish species, and that non‐native species more frequently invaded communities with lower phylogenetic dispersion (i.e. higher phylogenetic clustering), (2) introduction of non‐native fishes reduced phylogenetic clustering in some watershed but increased clustering in others, (3) introduction of non‐native species caused phylogenetic dispersion to increase in watersheds with low phylogenetic diversity and to decrease in watersheds with high phylogenetic diversity and (4) phylogenetic clustering for fish assemblages at the larger spatial scale was smaller than that at the smaller spatial scale.Main conclusionsSupport for Darwin's naturalization and preadaptation hypotheses in freshwater fish assemblages depends on the phylogenetic diversity of assemblages within the invaded watersheds. Our results are contrary to previous studies that found that the introduction of non‐native species increases phylogenetic clustering in the recipient communities more strongly at a larger spatial scale.
Non‐linear models of species' responses to environmental and spatial gradients
Authors: Anderson Marti J. , Walsh Daniel C. I. , Sweatman Winston L. , Punnett Andrew J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSpecies' responses to broad‐scale environmental or spatial gradients are typically unimodal. Current models of species' responses along gradients tend to be overly simplistic (e.g., linear, quadratic or Gaussian GLMs), or are suitably flexible (e.g., splines, GAMs) but lack direct ecologically interpretable parameters. We describe a parametric framework for species‐environment non‐linear modelling (‘senlm’). The framework has two components: (i) a non‐linear parametric mathematical function to model the mean species response along a gradient that allows asymmetry, flattening/peakedness or bimodality; and (ii) a statistical error distribution tailored for ecological data types, allowing intrinsic mean–variance relationships and zero‐inflation. We demonstrate the utility of this model framework, highlighting the flexibility of a range of possible mean functions and a broad range of potential error distributions, in analyses of fish species' abundances along a depth gradient, and how they change over time and at different latitudes.
Are in‐laws substituting or supplementing? Mothers' receipt of support from paternal kin
Authors: Whitehead Ellen M. , Jonet Taryn N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study examines the financial and childcare support provided to mothers from paternal kin, as well as whether this support varies based on relationship characteristics of the mother and father, child support provided by the father, and father–child contact.BackgroundDespite the documented importance of familial support for many mothers of young children, especially single mothers, minimal quantitative research has examined the factors that pattern transfers of support from fathers' family members.MethodsUsing data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 4,296), we employ multivariate logistic regression analyses to examine mothers' receipt of financial and childcare support from paternal kin.ResultsResults indicate that mothers who report having no relationship with their child's father have a lower probability of receiving support from his family. Mothers with nonresidential fathers are more likely to receive support from the father's kin when the father provides informal or sporadic child support.ConclusionFathers occupy a brokering role between mothers and their kin. When a relationship with the father is completely absent, support from his family decreases.ImplicationsThe findings offer insight into the social capital and economic stability of mothers, particularly those with nonresidential fathers.
Disentangling the multiple effects of precipitation on arthropod biomass: A commentary on Newell et al. (2022)
Authors: McCluney Kevin E. 
Published: October 2022

Relatively, little research has simultaneously examined the indirect (bottom‐up) and direct effects of precipitation on animals. Newell et al. (2022) examine this topic in cloud forests of Peru, unexpectedly finding little evidence of bottom‐up control of arthropod biomass, but instead evidence of direct effects of precipitation and vapor pressure deficit on arthropod biomass. This research suggests that direct effects of precipitation and desiccation on arthropod biomass should be more widely investigated, and this finding has important implications for understanding the effects of climate on terrestrial animals at multiple trophic levels.
Nonlinear time‐series forecasts for decision support: short‐term demand for ICU beds in Santiago, Chile, during the 2021 COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Quiroga Bernardo F. , Vásquez Cristián , Vicuña M. Ignacia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn Chile, due to the explosive increase of new Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) cases during the first part of 2021, the ability of health services to accommodate new incoming cases was jeopardized. It has become necessary to be able to manage intensive care unit (ICU) capacity, and for this purpose, monitoring both the evolution of new cases and the demand for ICU beds has become urgent. This paper presents short‐term forecast models for the number of new cases and the number of COVID‐19 patients admitted to ICUs in the Metropolitan Region in Chile.
Formation and atomic structure of the (PbTi)O phase for epitaxial super‐tetragonal PbTiO3
Authors: Dai Yan‐Zhu , Jin Lei , Li Zhi‐Peng , Jia Chun‐Lin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLattice strain has been used to modify the properties of ferroelectric oxide films. Introducing strain in thin film is usually realized based on the lattice mismatch of the heterostructural materials, which form multilayered systems or composite structure. For the composite structure of PbTiO3/α‐PbO‐type (PTO/PO‐T) structure phase, the PO‐T structure phase plays the key role in introducing a high strain in the PTO phase and resulting in a giant polarization of the PTO phase. Here, we perform a detailed study on the PO‐T structure phase on atomic scale by means of high‐resolution (scanning) transmission electron microscopy. The atomic details, including cations and oxygen of the PO‐T structure phase, are revealed, which show the α‐PbO structure with parts of the Pb atoms being substituted by Ti atoms. Local inhomogeneity in Ti atom distribution is found in nanometer scale. Experimental investigations show that the PO‐T structure phase is formed on a layer of the PTO phase with a thickness of one or two unit cells, which grows covering the underneath La0.3Sr0.7MnO3 (LSMO) electrode layer. The formation mechanism of the PO‐T structure phase is discussed on the basis of the atomic details of the PO‐T/PTO/LSMO interfaces and the growth condition of the film.
Beyond Medically Complex Pregnancy: A Scoping Review to Understand How Complexity in Pregnancy is Conceptualized
Authors: Stoll Kathrin , Titoria Reena , Johnston Carly , Butska Luba 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundThe goal of this scoping review was to better understand how complexity in pregnancy is conceptualized. Specific objectives were to (1) identify factors that are conceptualized in the literature as complicating or impacting pregnancy; and (2) summarize tools and programs that have been implemented to support pregnant people with complex care needs.MethodsElectronic databases were searched from January 2000 to July 2020 and supplemented by bibliographic searches and citation chaining, to identify articles that described at least one nonmedical and one medical risk factor during pregnancy. We focused on complexity prior to the onset of labor and only included primary studies conducted in middle‐ or high‐income countries. More than 6000 records were screened independently by 3 reviewers at the abstract and title level.ResultsFourteen articles met inclusion criteria. Eight studies described antenatal risk scoring systems, including the Florida Healthy Start Prenatal Risk Screen, the Kindex risk screening tool, the prenatal event history calendar, and the Rotterdam Reproductive Risk Reduction score card. We abstracted 85 medical factors and 25 nonmedical factors from the literature. Nonmedical factors that were conceptualized as complicating pregnancy or birth could be grouped into 4 domains: characteristics of the childbearing person (7 factors), socioeconomic conditions (7 factors), family and social life (5 factors), and psychoemotional health (6 factors).DiscussionWe found limited scholarly research and few assessment tools that broaden the discussion of complexity in pregnancy beyond medical multimorbidity. Multiple dimensions of health should be integrated into a complexity framework for pregnancy that account for the diverse contexts and needs of pregnant people. An important part of this process is the development of a shared language to describe complexity that is strength based and acknowledges how environments, health care encounters, and the larger sociocultural context can affect pregnant people's medical status in pregnancy.
Approach to ureteral endometriosis: A single‐center experience and meta‐analysis of the literature
Authors: Alborzi Saeed , Askary Elham , Poordast Tahereh , Alborzi Soroosh , Abadi Alimohammad K. H. , Shoaii Fatemeh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo report single‐center outcomes of laparoscopic management of patients with ureteral endometriosis and perform a meta‐analysis in order to select the best approach for these patients.MethodsThe cross‐sectional study was conducted during a 6‐year period (2015–2021) in the referral endometriosis center on 353 patients with ureteral endometriosis. For the meta‐analysis, 10 articles, including 505 patients, were found to be eligible. In our meta‐analysis, as well as our study, all endometriosis‐related pain symptoms and complications of surgery were evaluated, analyzed, and reported.ResultsOf the 326 patients whose ureteral involvement was confirmed in pathology, hydronephrosis and intrinsic ureteral lesions were detected in only 10.76% and 3.1% of the patients. Mean operating time and hospitalization were 3.25 ± 1.83 h and 86 ± 2.58 days, respectively. The most common site of concomitant involvement with endometriosis was uterosacral ligament (92.9%) and rectosigmoid (70.53%). Type II and III of Cliven–Dindo complications were seen in 5.66% and 1.13% of patients, respectively. During a follow‐up period, no evidence of bladder or ureteral re‐involvement was observed. Similar to our meta‐analysis, all endometriosis‐related pain decreased significantly following operation (p ≤ 0.001). In our meta‐analysis, the rate of ureteral endometriosis recurrence, stenosis/stricture, bladder atonia, urinary tract infection, hematuria, and fistula formation after surgery were: 2.0% (I2: 50.42%), 15.0% (I2: 0.00%), 14.0% (I2: 8.76%), 6.0% (I2: 0.00%), 7.0% (I2: 79.28%), and 2.0% (I2: 0.0%), respectively.ConclusionThe laparoscopic resection of the UE could be suggested as a feasible and safe method associated with favorable functional outcomes.
Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles in cerebral ventricles activate microglia in mice
Authors: Yoshida Kayo , Yoshida Kaya , Seyama Mariko , Hiroshima Yuka , Mekata Mana , Fujiwara Natsumi , Kudo Yasusei , Ozaki Kazumi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivePorphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is thought to be involved in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether Pg or its contents can reach the brain and directly affect neuropathology is, however, unknown. Here, we investigated whether outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of Pg translocate to the brain and induce the pathogenic features of AD.Material and MethodsPg OMVs were injected into the abdominal cavity of mice for 12 weeks. Pg OMV translocation to the brain was detected by immunohistochemistry using an anti‐gingipain antibody. Tau protein and microglial activation in the mouse brain were examined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The effect of gingipains on inflammation was assessed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction using human microglial HMC3 cells.ResultsGingipains were detected in the region around cerebral ventricles, choroid plexus, and ventricular ependymal cells in Pg OMV‐administered mice. Tau and phosphorylated Tau protein increased and microglia were activated. Pg OMVs also increased the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines in HMC3 cells in a gingipain‐dependent manner.ConclusionPg OMVs, including gingipains, can reach the cerebral ventricle and induce neuroinflammation by activating microglia. Pg OMVs may provide a better understanding of the implications of periodontal diseases in neurodegenerative conditions such as AD.
Use of a Gigli Saw as a Substitute Osteotomy Tool When Oscillating Saw Malfunctions Occur During Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Kong Keyu , Chang Yongyun , Yu Degang , Mao Yuanqing , Zeng Yiming , Yan Mengning , Zhai Zanjing , Li Huiwu 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThe oscillating saw has some inherent disadvantages, such as notch formation and blood splash. The objective is to introduce the Gigli saw as a substitute osteotomy tool when oscillating saw malfunctions occur during surgery.MethodsDuring our retrospective study, 120 patients (120 hips) who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) because of femoral neck fracture, femoral head necrosis, developmental hip dysplasia (Crowe I), or primary osteoarthritis between October 2017 and April 2020 at our institute were included. Sixty patients (26 men and 34 women) with a mean age of 67.3 years (±15.1 years) underwent femoral neck osteotomy using a Gigli saw. The other 60 patients (32 men and 28 women) with a mean age of 64.4 years (±18.8 years) underwent femoral neck osteotomy using an oscillating saw. Intraoperative evaluations, including osteotomy time, osteotomy height, number of notch formations, and blood splash generation, were performed. Routine anteroposterior views of the pelvis and proximal femur were obtained for all patients after surgery.ResultsThe mean osteotomy times were 26.60 ± 14.80 s and 31.80 ± 14.20 s with the oscillating saw and Gigli saw, respectively (t = 1.964, P = 0.0519). The mean osteotomy heights were 1.26 ± 0.22 cm and 1.20 ± 0.14 cm with the oscillating saw and Gigli saw, respectively (t = 1.782, P = 0.0773). The use of a Gigli saw did not result in bone notch formation or blood splash generation when multiple blood splashes were generated in the oscillating saw group. Postoperative radiographs showed no prostheses malposition in the Gigli saw and oscillating saw groups.ConclusionThe Gigli saw has various advantages and can be a substitute tool for femoral neck osteotomy during THA when oscillating saw malfunctions occur.
Impact of intravenous dexamethasone on the initiation and recovery of atracurium in children: A double‐blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sarkar Soumya , Parthiban Magesh , Haritha Damarla , Ray Bikash Ranjan , Singh Akhil Kant , Kumar Shailendra , Khanna Puneet , Kashyap Lokesh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundChronic steroid intake has been associated with attenuation of neuromuscular block. Despite some promising animal and adult studies, the effect of a single dose of intravenous dexamethasone on neuromuscular blockers is not well established. Thus, the present study aimed to demonstrate the effect of dexamethasone given at the time of induction for the prevention of PONV on the action of neuromuscular blockers in children undergoing elective surgery.MethodAfter obtaining approval from the Institute Ethics Committee and written informed parental consent, 100 ASA I and II children aged 4–15 years undergoing elective surgery randomized to receive either: 0.15 mg/kg (maximum of 5 mg) of dexamethasone diluted to a total volume of 2 ml with 0.9% saline (n = 50) or 2 ml of 0.9% saline (n = 50) at the time of induction. The time interval between application of atracurium and maximum T1 depression, 25% twitch height recovery of T1, amid 25% and 75% twitch height recovery of T1, amid the 25% twitch height recovery of T1 and recovery of the neuromuscular block to a TOF ratio of 0.9, and in between the initiation of atracurium injection till the recovery of the neuromuscular block to a TOF ratio of 0.9 was defined as onset time, clinical duration, recovery index, recovery time, and total recovery period, respectively, and recorded.ResultsThe onset time and recovery index time were lower (1.96 ± 0.39, 8.04 ± 2.14, respectively) with dexamethasone in comparison with saline (2.01 ± 0.51, 8.9 ± 3.4, respectively) but not statistically significant. The clinical duration, recovery time, and total recovery period were similar.ConclusionApplication of a single bolus dose (0.15 mg/kg) of dexamethasone during induction does not attenuate atracurium‐induced neuromuscular blockade in children.
Defeat and proficiencies
Authors: Kelp Christoph 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVirtue epistemology is the view that beliefs are attempts at truth (or perhaps knowledge) and, as a result, can be assessed as successful, competent, and apt. Moreover, virtue epistemology identifies central epistemic properties with normative properties of beliefs as attempts. In particular, knowledge is apt belief and justified belief is competent belief. This paper develops a systematic virtue epistemological account of defeat (of justification/competence). I provide reason to think that defeat occurs not only for beliefs but for attempts more general. The key constructive idea is that defeaters are evidence that attempting (in a certain way) isn't successful and that defeaters defeat the competence of an attempt when one stands in a certain normative relation to the defeater. I argue that while this account handles paradigm cases of defeat both within epistemology and beyond nicely, cases of external (sometimes also ‘normative’ or ‘propositional’) defeat continue to cause trouble. To handle these cases, I develop a distinctively functionalist version of virtue epistemology. This functionalist version of virtue epistemology allows me to countenance proficiencies, that is, roughly, abilities that have the function to produce successes under certain conditions. It is the normative import of proficiencies that delivers the normative relation that serves to explain defeat in cases of external defeat. In this way, the functionalist version of virtue epistemology ushers the way towards a satisfactory account even of external defeat.