bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Delayed Hospital Admission and Surgical Treatment of Open Tibial Fractures in Tanzania
Authors: Holler Jordan T. , Cortez Abigail , Challa Sravya , Eliezer Edmund , Hoanga Billy , Morshed Saam , Shearer David W. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Open fractures, especially of the tibia, require prompt intervention to achieve optimal patient outcomes. While open tibial shaft fractures are common injuries in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), there is a dearth of literature examining delays to surgery for these injuries in low-resource settings. This study investigated risk factors for delayed management of open tibial fractures in Tanzania.

Methods:
We conducted an ad hoc analysis of adult patients enrolled in a prospective observational study at a tertiary referral center in Tanzania from 2015 to 2017. Multivariable models were utilized to analyze risk factors for delayed hospital presentation of ≥2 hours, median time from injury to the treatment hospital, and delayed surgical treatment of ≥12 hours after admission among patients with diaphyseal open tibial fractures.

Results:
Two hundred and forty-nine patients met the inclusion criteria. Only 12% of patients used an ambulance, 41% were delayed ≥2 hours in presentation to the first hospital, 75% received an interfacility referral, and 10% experienced a delay to surgery of ≥12 hours after admission. After adjusting for injury severity, having insurance (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.24 to 0.96) and wounds with approximated skin edges (aOR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.20 to 0.66) were associated with a decreased risk of delayed hospital presentation. Interfacility referrals (2.3 hours greater than no referral; p = 0.015) and rural injury location (10.9 hours greater than urban location; p < 0.001) were associated with greater median times to treatment hospital admission. Older age (aOR = 0.54 per 10 years; 95% CI = 0.31 to 0.95), single-person households (aOR = 0.12 compared with ≥8 people; 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.96), and an education level greater than pre-primary (aOR = 0.16; 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.62) were associated with fewer delays to surgery of ≥12 hours after admission.

Conclusions:
Prehospital network and socioeconomic characteristics are associated with delays to open tibial fracture care in Tanzania. Reducing interfacility referrals and implementing surgical cost-reduction strategies may help to reduce delays to open fracture care in LMICs.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Pectoralis Major Injuries
Authors: Brown Symone M. , Cole Wendell W. , Provencher Matthew T. , Mulcahey Mary K. 
Published: February 2022

» In the past 20 years, there has been a substantial increase in the prevalence of pectoralis major injuries, largely related to the rising popularity of weight-lifting and participation in contact sports.» Treatment options are influenced by the severity of the injury, patient age, and the amount and type of physical activity.» Although there is no consensus as to which treatment method is most effective, previous studies have demonstrated increased satisfaction among patients who undergo operative treatment.» The average length of time from surgery to return to activity ranges from 6 to 24 months.
Electrical Resistivity Tomography of Alluvial Deposits during Prospecting for Placer Gold
Authors: Olenchenko V.V. , Osipova P.S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
—Electrical resistivity tomography has been widely applied in prospecting and exploring gold deposits, but its potential for studying placers has not been sufficiently revealed. It is shown on the basis of numerical simulation and the example of field studies that linear anomalies with high electrical resistivity identified in floodplains correspond to gold-promising stream pool and riffle facies. It is concluded from working with alluvial placers in Kamchatka, Altai, and the Baikal Region that electrical resistivity tomography has a high resolution for solving geological problems, which means that it can be used as the main method for prospecting and exploring placers.
Middle and Upper Miocene Deposits and Facies of Northern Ustyurt (Western Kazakhstan)
Authors: Popov S.V. , Pronin V.G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
—We present data on the most complete Neogene sections and wells of northern Ustyurt and the Cis-Aral area. Miocene deposits in the northern chinks and the North Ustyurt depression are composed of sediments of the Tarkhanian, Chokrakian, Karaganian, Konkian, and Sarmatian regional stages of the Eastern Paratethys, which are overlapped by lower Pontian beds. The distribution of thickness and facies shows that the North Ustyurt depression remained the main synclinal structure of the region, along which the waters of all Miocene transgressions were spread. Sandy material was brought by the rivers from the north: A sandy lens of Chokrakian age is traced along the Shomishtykol Sor almost to the axial part of the depression. Transgressions were pulsating, and the lower and middle Sarmatian deposits were most widespread. These data are presented as a geological profile near Beineu Village and as schematic maps of facies for the middle Miocene regional stages.
Three-Dimensional Model of Oil and Gas Reservoirs Based on Gaussian Beam Processing of Scattered Seismic Waves
Authors: Cheverda V.A. , Protasov M.I. , Lisitsa V.V. , Reshetova G.V. , Petrov D.A. , Mel’nik A.A. , Shilikov V.V. , Mel’nikov R.S. , Volyanskaya V.V. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
—The efficiency of the development of an oil and gas field is largely determined by the knowledge of its geologic structure. In the recent decade, complex fractured carbonate reservoirs have attracted more and more attention. This paper is concerned with a new technology for constructing 3D images of complex reservoirs, based on Gaussian beam processing of scattered seismic waves. This technology was developed at OOO RN-KrasnoyarskNIPIneft’ in cooperation with the Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics. To test it, a special synthetic model was constructed, which is analogous to one of the licensed objects of PAO NK Rosneft’. For this purpose, a full-scale 3D seismic was performed, which provided us with synthetic wave fields and made it possible to carry out well-controlled numerical experiments for reconstructing the geologic structure of the object of study. One of the distinctive features of the constructed digital model (digital twin) is the presentation of faults not as some ideal slip surfaces but as 3D geologic bodies filled with tectonic breccias. A series of numerical experiments was performed to simulate such breccias, the geometry of these bodies, and the geomechanical processes of fault formation. To select the parameters of the used method of discrete elements, we used the information obtained by geophysical studies in horizontal wells crossing the fault within the geologic prototype of the constructed digital model.
The First Data on the Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Suspension of Lake Onego
Authors: Strakhovenko V.D. , Belkina N.A. , Efremenko N.A. , Potakhin M.S. , Subetto D.A. , Frolova L.A. , Nigamatzyanova G.R. , Ludikova A.V. , Ovdina E.A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
—This paper presents the first data on the mineralogy, geochemistry, and quantitative distribution of suspension determined with the use of sedimentation traps installed in Lake Onego (the exposure time was one year (2019)). The obtained data on the mineralogic and geochemical composition of the recent suspension of the Onego water column are compared with the data for the surface layer of the lake bottom sediments (0–10 cm). Data on the sedimentation rates for the substance determined with the sedimentation traps have been obtained for the first time for Lake Onego. The estimates of the sedimentation rates differ slightly from the results of calculation of the sedimentation rates by radioisotope dating based on the distribution of 210Pb activity in the upper layer of bottom sediments in combination with the data on 137Cs. It has been established that the mineral part of the dispersed sedimentary matter that entered the lake reaches the bottom sediment without significant changes. The geochemistry of the sedimentation traps is similar in many respects to the geochemistry of the upper part of the bottom sediments (0–10 cm) in different areas of Lake Onego. The dispersed sedimentary material and the bottom sediment differ in the amount of the biogenic part (in the bottom sediment layer (0–10 cm), the biogenic part loses a significant part of organic matter). The bottom sediments are characterized by a strong predominance of the ferruginous varieties of illite and chlorite, in contrast to the suspension with the prevailing Mg–Fe varieties of these minerals. Degraded mica minerals brought by rivers are regenerated to normal ferruginous illites and chlorites directly in the uppermost part of the bottom sediments. The bottom sediments are characterized by higher manganese and molybdenum contents, and the material from the sedimentation traps, by high mercury contents.
Surveillance cultures as a tool for choosing empirical antibiotic therapy
Authors: Silva Alice Ramos Oliveira , Oliveira Camila , Lopes Luis Phillipe Nagem , Salgado Diamantino Ribeiro , Lima Elisangela da Costa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background

A daily challenge for the multidisciplinary team in intensive care units (ICUs) is balancing broad-spectrum antibiotics with the appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy.
Aim

To establish the carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli screening cultures predictives values.
Methods

We conducted a retrospective study. We included patients admitted to the intensive care unit for at least 48 hours. We measured carbapenem-resistant negative and positive predictive values, sensitivity, and specificity in Gram-negative bacilli screening cultures.
Results

We included 331 infected patients. We found high negative predictive values in Gram-negative carbapenem-resistant bacilli screening cultures: A. baumannii: 95% (91- 97); P. aeruginosa: 86% (82 - 92); Enterobacteriaceae spp.: 93% (89 - 95). On the other hand, low positive predictive values were found: A. baumannii 27% (15 – 43); P. aeruginosa 35% (15 – 43) and Enterobacteriaceae spp.: 22% (9 – 42). In the same way, screening culture's sensibility was 41% (24 – 61) for A. baumannii, 27% (16 – 41) for P. aeruginosa, and 21% (8 – 41) for Enterobacteriaceae spp. The specificity for A. baumannii was 89% (85 – 93).
Conclusions

If uncolonized patients, screening cultures effectively predict that patients will rarely be infected with carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. Despite previous colonization being an infection factor risk by these pathogens, most colonized patients, when they developed an infection, were not caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. So, screening cultures can be an important tool for pharmacist intervention. Thus, we suggest starting empirical antibiotics aimed at carbapenems-resistant Gram-negative bacilli only in cases where infected patients previously colonized by these pathogens with signs of organ dysfunction.
The Role of Apoptosis and Autophagy in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis After Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Authors: Taheri Serpil , Karaca Zuleyha , Mehmetbeyoglu Ecmel , Hamurcu Zuhal , Yılmaz Zeynep , Dal Fatma , Cınar Venhar , Ulutabanca Halil , Tanriverdi Fatih , Unluhizarci Kursad , Rassoulzadegan Minoo , Kelestimur Fahrettin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the major health problems affecting millions of people worldwide leading to death or permanent damage. TBI affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis either by primary injury to the hypothalamic-hypophyseal region or by secondary vascular damage, brain, and/or pituitary edema, vasospasm, and inflammation. Neuroendocrine dysfunctions after TBI have been clinically described in all hypothalamic-pituitary axes. In this study, we focused on the HPA axis-related tissues in the acute and chronic phases of TBI to determine the role of autophagy and apoptosis in the development of endocrine disturbances after TBI.We established a mild TBI (mTBI) in rats using the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model. The hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal tissues were collected in the acute (24 hours) and chronic (30 days) groups after TBI; and we investigated autophagy (Lc3, Bcln1, P150, Ulk, and Atg5 ) and apoptosis (pro-caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3) markers in the HPA axis-related tissues using RT-PCR and Western blotting assays.The present data showed that after mTBI, P150 and Atg5 transcripts showed a stable decrement from the acute to chronic phases in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal glands. In contrast, Bcln1 transcripts were found to be only affected in the adrenal glands, with a prominent increase during the chronic phase. We also evaluated the levels of TNF-α and corticosterone by western blot in the HPA axis-related tissues in the acute and chronic phases after TBI. The increased corticosterone levels in the adrenal glands pointed out the activation of the HPA axis, while high TNF-α levels in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal glands suggested neuroinflammation.As a result, transcripts related to autophagy were reduced in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenals after TBI; but this was not reflected in autophagy-related protein levels. In contrast, protein markers related to apoptosis increased in the adrenal glands during the acute phase and in the pituitary during the chronic phase. TBI seems to trigger apoptosis by inducing inflammation that can also affect the adrenals in the acute phase; and this situation may lead to an impairment of communication through the hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal glands. This may explain the permanent damage to the pituitary with increased apoptosis and inflammation in the chronic phase. These findings may contribute to the elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of endocrine dysfunctions such as pituitary and adrenal insufficiency that occur after TBI. Although adrenals are not directly affected by TBI, we suggest that the role of the adrenals together with the hypothalamus and pituitary should not be ignored in the acute phase after TBI.
Phytotoxicity reduction of walnut green husk by white-rot fungi under solid-state fermentation
Authors: Zhang Yu , Li Xuejie , Yang En , Xu Huini , Yan Jinping 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Phytotoxicity reduction is one of the main aims of reusing walnut green husk (WGH) for cultivation purposes. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of bio-detoxification by selected Trametes and Schizophyllum strains under solid-state fermentation. Ninety-two isolates of filamentous fungi were obtained from forest litter, and nine strains belonging to Trametes and Schizophyllum genus were selected due to their efficient laccase production and rapid growth using WGH and corncob (w/w, 1:1) as the carbon source under solid-state fermentation. Further, enzyme activities and phytotoxicity assays showed that water extract of WGH treated by Trametes strains 120301, 10288, and 10306 showed a vast lignocellulose enzyme system, higher laccase activity (about 620 U/g), and maximal germination rate (100%), compared with 20% germination rate of the untreated extract of WGH. Our results indicated that Trametes strains are suitable for the phytotoxicity reduction of WGH and laccase production, and showed the possible role of laccase in the detoxification of agricultural wastes rich in phenols such as WGH.
Effect of educational intervention on knowledge and level of adherence among hemodialysis patients – A randomized control Trial
Authors: Dsouza Brayal , Prabhu Ravindra . A , Unnikrishnan B , Ballal sudarshan , kamath Asha 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of an educational intervention on the level of knowledge, and adherence to the treatment regimen among haemodialysis (HD) patients as well as to describe the association between these variables. Methods: In this randomised control study, 160 HD patients at a HD centre of a 2030 bed tertiary teaching hospital in Southern India were randomly assigned into intervention (N = 80, received education and a booklet) and control (N = 80, received standard care ) groups. Knowledge, adherence were measured pre- and post-intervention using a validated questionnaire for knowledge and ESRDAQ – End stage renal disease questionnaire for level of adherence. The statistical analysis of the data was performed with the help of the Statistical Program SPSS version 19.0. The statistical significance level was set up at 0.05.Results: The increase of knowledge on disease management and adherence in the intervention group was significantly higher compared to the control group. There was no significant correlation between knowledge and adherence. Adherence improved for all the domains ie dialysis attendance, episode of shortening, adherence to medication, fluid restriction and dietary restriction. Adherence to Fluid and dietary restriction were statistically significant
Comparing the Adverse Outcomes of Different Frailty Subgroups by Employing the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) Among Elderly Patients with Gastric Cancer
Authors: miao Xueyi , Ding Lingyu , Lu Jinling , Hu Jieman , Xu Xinyi , Zhu Hanfei , Chen Li , Xu Qin , Zhu Shuqin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To classify the frailty subgroups by employing the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI), as well as exploring the differences in postoperative total complications, length of stay (LOS), disability, and quality of life (QOL) between each subgroup among preoperative elderly gastric cancer patients.Methods: Overall 290 patients were enrolled in this follow-up study. The TFI was used to collect the information of physical, psychological, and social frailty. The data of total complications and LOS were provided from the electronic medical records, while the data of disability and QOL were obtained from the telephone at 30 days after discharge.Results: The TFI divided the preoperative elderly gastric cancer patients into eight frailty subgroups: exclusive physical frailty (18.3%), exclusive psychological frailty (20%), exclusive social frailty (3.4%), physical and psychological frailty (14.5%), physical and social frailty (3.4%), psychological and social frailty (3.4%), multidimensional frailty (4.8%) and full robust subgroup (32%). The multidimensional frailty subgroup had worse outcomes in total complications (P=0.001) and LOS (P＜0.001) while the subgroup of physical and social frailty had poorer QOL (P=0.015) at 30 days after discharge. Conclusion: The multidimensional frailty subgroup and the physical and social frailty subgroup should be of particularly concerned in the hospital and outside hospital according to our study. It also indicates that prehabilitation strategies can be developed precisely based on reported items to improve functional status of elderly gastric cancer patients. Further studies are needed to conduct in a longer-term period to capture significant change of other outcome indicators.
Deep Skin Cancer Model based on Knowledge Distillation Technique for Skin Cancer Classification
Authors: Hassan Esraa , Shams mahmoud Y. , Hikal Noha A. , Elmougy Samir 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Skin cancer is more treatable in the early stages since it spreads slowly to other parts of the body. Early detection is essential due to the rising number of cases of skin cancer, as well as the high fatality rate and high expense of medical treatment. Deep Learning algorithms have lately been used to improve the performance of a variety of biomedical image processing modalities. Their structures have been developed to solve classification challenges that are suffering from a lack of training data in skin cancer infections (actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, dermatofibroma, melanoma, nevus, pigmented benign keratosis, seborrheic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma, and vascular lesions are skin infections). In this work, we propose a Deep Skin Cancer (DSC) model depending on the Knowledge Distillation technique and some optimization algorithms. The experimental results based on the used benchmark datasets from the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC) show superior performance in skin cancer diagnosis. According to the reported results, it has been empirically achieved that a sensitivity value of 99.16% has been empirically achieved, a specificity value of 99.57% with the Adamax optimizer, and a lack of labeled input image data. Furthermore, the results assist in diagnosing some COVID-19 cases due to the similarity between the skin cancer infection and the black fungus found in some COVID-19 survivors, particularly those with co-morbid conditions similar to skin cancer infection.
Vitamin D and Focal Brain Atrophy in Parkinson’s Disease With Non-dementia Patients: A Voxel-based Morphometric Study
Authors: Xu Yingying , Wang Erlei , Zhang Qilin , Ni Kairu , Liu Jing , Luo Weifeng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction: The importance of vitamin D in Parkinson’s disease (PD) was explored, and vitamin D status has been suggested to influence cognition. Gray matter volume (GMV), a potential marker of cognitive function, was automatically segmented using voxel-based morphometry with SPM12 software. We investigated whether lower serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D level was associated with focal brain volume reduction in PD with non-dementia (PDND) patients. Methods: Baseline neuropsychiatric performance and serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels were examined in 24 PDND patients and 24 healthy controls (HCs). A set of cognitive scales were used to evaluate the cognition. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was performed to calculate each PDND patient’s GMV, based on structural magnetic resonance imaging data. Associations between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels, cognition, and GMV were evaluated.Results: The serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels of the PDND group were significantly lower than those of the HC group. The serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels of the PDND group were significantly lower than those of the HC group. The multiple linear regression analyses between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels and the scores of subtests that analyzed cognitive function showed that serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels were negatively correlated with TMT-A scores and positively correlated with SDMT and AVLT scores. Multiple regression analyses showed that the right fusiform gyrus GMV positively correlated with serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels. Conclusions: We found atrophy of the right fusiform gyrus with lower serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D level in PDND patients, and serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D level was closely positive associated with cognition. We hypothesized that the low serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D level in PDND patients might affect the auditory word learning ability by reducing the GMV in the right fusiform, leading to the decline of semantic understanding and memory function.