bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fixed points of (0,2) Landau-Ginzburg renormalization group flows and the chiral algebra
Authors: Bertolini Marco , Melnikov Ilarion V. , Plesser M. Ronen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We discuss renormalization group flows in two-dimensional quantum field theories with (0,2) supersymmetry. We focus on theories with UV described by a Landau-Ginzburg Lagrangian and use the chiral algebra to constrain the IR dynamics. We present examples where the structure of the chiral algebra is incompatible with unitarity of the IR superconformal theory and discuss the implications of this result for programs of classifying (0,2) SCFTs as endpoints of flows from simple Lagrangian theories.
Analytic expansions of multi-hadron finite-volume energies. I. Two-particle states
Authors: Grabowska D. M. , Hansen M. T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We derive analytic expansions for the finite-volume energies of weakly-interacting two-particle systems, using the general relations between scattering amplitudes and energies derived by Lüscher and others. The relations hold for ground and excited states with both zero and non-zero total momentum in the finite-volume frame. A number of instructive aspects arise in the derivation, including the role of accidental degeneracies and the importance of defining a power-counting scheme in the expansions. The results give intuition concerning the imprint of perturbative interactions on the energy spectrum, while also providing a useful basis for the analogous results concerning three-particle excited states, to appear. We have also developed a Mathematica notebook that automates the expansions described in this work.
Active Control of Highly Autocorrelated Machinery Noise in Multivariate Nonminimum Phase Systems
Authors: Meller Michał , Lasota Adam 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a novel multivariate active noise control scheme, designed to attenuate disturbances with high autocorrelation characteristics and preserve background signals, is proposed. The algorithm belongs to the class of feedback controllers and, unlike the popular feedforward FX-LMS approach, does not require availability of a reference signal. The proposed approach draws its inspiration from the iterative learning control and repetitive mode control methods, and employs a modified inverse model learning law. The classical inverse model learning law is well known to offer fast convergence and high steady-state performance, provided that the secondary path is minimum phase and well known. The proposed modified inverse model learning law employs a spectral factorization trick, which allows one to use the method with nonminimum phase plants of arbitrary order. Moreover, our scheme includes a controller bandwidth limiting mechanism that can be used to tune the disturbance rejection bandwidth and to improve the closed-loop robustness to errors in the model of the secondary path. The algorithm’s behavior and performance are verified with computer simulations that demonstrate suppression of electrical transformer noise and include realistic models of the secondary path. The results show high-level selective attenuation and fast convergence.
Schinzel Hypothesis on average and rational points
Authors: Skorobogatov Alexei N. , Sofos Efthymios 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe resolve Schinzel’s Hypothesis (H) for $$100\%$$

100
%

of polynomials of arbitrary degrees. We deduce that a positive proportion of diagonal conic bundles over $${\mathbb {Q}}$$
Q
with any given number of degenerate fibres have a rational point, and obtain similar results for generalised Châtelet equations.
Implementing Bundle Care in Major Abdominal Emergency Surgery: Long‐Term Mortality and Comprehensive Complication Index
Authors: Trangbæk Rune Munch , Burcharth Jakob , Gögenur Ismail 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundMajor abdominal emergency surgery (MAES) has a high risk of postoperative mortality and a high complication rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the implementation of a perioperative care bundle reduced long‐term mortality and the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) after MAES.MethodsThis study was a single‐centre retrospective cohort study. Data in the intervention group were collected prospectively and compared with a historical cohort from the same centre. It includes adult patients undergoing MAES. We implemented a care bundle under the name Abdominal Surgery Acute Protocol (ASAP). We initiated fast‐track initiatives and standardised optimised care in before, during and after surgery. Data were analysed using survival analysis and multiple regression.ResultsWe included 120 patients in the intervention cohort and 258 in the historical cohort. The one‐year mortality rate was 21.7% in the intervention cohort compared to 28.3% in the standard care cohort. Adjusted odds ratio of one‐year mortality 0.81 (CI95% 0.41–1.56). The 30‐day mortality was lowered from 19.0 to 6.7% (p = 0.003). The CCI in the intervention cohort was 8.7 (IQR 0–34) compared to 21 (IQR 0–36) in the control cohort (p = 0.932) The length of stay increased by two days (p = 0.021). Most cases had 71–80% protocol compliance.ConclusionImplementing bundle care in major abdominal emergency surgery lowered the 30‐day postoperative mortality. The difference in mortality was preserved over time although not significant after one year. The changes in the Comprehensive Complication Index were not statistically significant.
Willingness to pay for health gains from an international integrated early warning system for infectious disease outbreaks
Authors: Perry-Duxbury Meg , Himmler Sebastian , van Exel Job , Brouwer Werner 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecently, due to the corona virus outbreak, pandemics and their effects have been at the forefront of the research agenda. However, estimates of the perceived value of early warning systems (EWSs) for identifying, containing, and mitigating outbreaks remain scarce. This paper aims to show how potential health gains due to an international EWS might be valued. This paper reports on a study into willingness to pay (WTP) in six European countries for health gains due to an EWS. The context in which health is gained, those affected, and the reduction in risk of contracting the disease generated by the EWS are varied across seven scenarios. Using linear regression, we analyse this ‘augmented’ willingness to pay for a QALY (WTP-Q) for each of the scenarios, where ‘augmented’ refers to the possible inclusion of context specific elements of value, such as feelings of safety. An initial WTP-Q estimate for the basic scenario is €17,400. This can be interpreted as a threshold for investment per QALY into an EWS. Overall, WTP estimates move in the expected directions (e.g. higher risk reduction leads to higher WTP). However, changes in respondents’ WTP for reductions in risk were not proportional to the magnitude of the change in risk reduction. This study provided estimates of the monetary value of health gains in the context of a pandemic under seven scenarios which differ in terms of outcome, risk reduction and those affected. It also highlights the importance of future research into optimal ways of eliciting thresholds for investments in public health interventions.
Watch who you trust! A structured literature review to build a typology of e-government risks
Authors: Distel Bettina , Koelmann Holger , Plattfaut Ralf , Becker Jörg 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe information systems, e-business, and e-government literature has unanimously shown that trust and risk are antecedents of the use of information technology and technology-based services. However, a deeper understanding of the relationship between trust and risk, especially when taking into account the extensive knowledge created in fields such as organisational science and psychology, is often missing. With this article, we aim at conceptualizing risk in e-government use. Based on a structured review of the trust-related e-government literature, we derive a typology of relevant e-government risks. We analyse this typology in light of extant trust and risk literature. The typology can be used both to understand the behaviour of system or service users and to design systems and services that can be and are trusted. As such, this research can serve as a basis for future research on the role of trust and risk in designing and using e-government services. The generalizability to e-business services and information systems in general is discussed.
Sexualized Behavior Among Adolescents Who Sexually Offended
Authors: Krause Chiara , Barra Steffen , Landolt Markus A. , Bessler Cornelia , Aebi Marcel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEarly or excessive sexualized behaviors and preoccupations with sexuality (SB) exhibited by juveniles who have sexually offended (JSO) are considered risk factors for sexual recidivism. However, research into SB among JSO is scarce. The present study retrospectively examined prevalence rates and patterns of SB among JSO prior to sexual offending and their relation to psychopathology and sexual recidivism. We systematically assessed information from psychiatric and psychological expert reports in case files of 230 JSO aged 12–18 years (M = 14.46, SD = 1.49) from a population sample of JSO with contact sexual offenses. A total of 93 (40.4%) JSO exhibited SB prior to the index sexual offense. Latent class analysis revealed three SB profiles: (1) “low/no SB” (n = 188), (2) “preoccupied SB” (preoccupation with sexuality, e.g., early pornography consumption, excessive masturbation; n = 29), and (3) “dysregulated SB” (exhibiting inappropriate sexualized behaviors toward others, e.g., sexualized speech, touching others inappropriately; n = 13). The preoccupied SB and the dysregulated SB groups showed higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders than the low/no SB. However, none of the JSO of the preoccupied SB or dysregulated SB groups reoffended sexually within 365 days after conviction for the sexual index offense (low/no SB: 12.8%). Overall, our findings do not support a general notion of the presence of SB as an indicator of high risk for persistent sexual offending among JSO. Instead, JSO with SB appear particularly burdened regarding a range of psychiatric disorders that should be treated accordingly.
How Canadian Law Shapes the Health Care Experiences of Women with Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting/Circumcision and Their Providers: A Disjuncture Between Expectation and Actuality
Authors: Jacobson Danielle , Grace Daniel , Boddy Janice , Einstein Gillian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study explored how the reproductive health care experiences of women with female genital mutilation/cutting/circumcision (FGC) were shaped. We used Institutional Ethnography, a sociological approach which allows for the study of social relations and the coordination of health care. From qualitatively interviewing eight women with FGC, we learned that they felt excluded within the Canadian health care system because they were unable to access reconstructive surgery, which was not covered by Ontario’s universal health coverage (Ontario Health Insurance Plan). We then talked with seven obstetricians/gynecologists (OB/GYNs) and learned that while it was legal to perform certain genital (e.g., female genital cosmetic surgery) and reproductive (e.g., elective caesarean section) surgeries commonly requested by Western-born women, it was not legal for them to perform other genital surgeries often requested by immigrant populations (e.g., reinfibulation), nor were these covered by OHIP (e.g., clitoral reconstructive surgery). From participants’ comparison of clitoral reconstructive surgery and reinfibulation to female genital cosmetic and gender confirming surgeries, it became clear that the law and policies within the health care system favored surgeries elected by Western adults over those wished for by women with FGC. We found that the law had an impact on the choices that OB/GYNs and the women they treated could make, shaping their respective experiences. This created ethical dilemmas for OB/GYNs and a sense of exclusion from the health care system for women with FGC.
Analysis of the Differential Efficacy of the Reduced Version Over the Extended Version of an Affective-Sexual Education Program for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Gil-Llario María Dolores , Fernández-García Olga , Huedo-Medina Tania B. , Estruch-García Verónica , Ballester-Arnal Rafael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecently, with the increase in demand, multiple intervention proposals aimed at improving the sexual health of people with intellectual disabilities have emerged. Among them is the SALUDIVERSEX program, which takes a positive approach to sexuality. It has an extended version, consisting of 16 sessions and whose efficacy has already been proven, and a reduced version of 10 sessions. Thus, the present study aimed to test the differential efficacy of the two versions. A total of 208 participants (103 women and 105 men) aged between 19 and 67 years (M = 37.23, SD = 10.66) completed a battery of instruments before and after the intervention. Statistical analyses showed that users who participated in the reduced version of the program presented a significantly higher rate of improvement in their sexual behaviors compared to those who participated in the extended version (Sexual response: β10 = − 0.46 ± 0.19, p = .034; Sex practices: β10 = − 0.52 ± 0.23, p = .037; Use condoms: β10 = − 1.56 ± 0.59, p = .017), as well as a significantly higher decrease in the risk of suffering sexual abuse (β10 = 3.95 ± 0.64, p < .001). However, no statistically significant differences in sexuality knowledge were obtained with respect to the improvement between the two versions (β10 = − 0.09 ± 1.21, p = .94). Meanwhile, the professionals who applied the program found that those who participated in the reduced version, although they presented a significantly greater increase in their knowledge about privacy (β10 = − 0.48 ± 0.08, p < .001), did not improve their concerns about their inappropriate sexual behaviors as much as the users of the extended version (β10 = − 1.35 ± 0.21, p < .001). Thus, although both versions were effective, the reduced version seems to do so to a greater extent and in a shorter time, which makes it the more recommendable option.
Decoupling Between the Atmosphere and the Underlying Surface During Stable Stratification
Authors: Foken Thomas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStrong temperature gradients with stable stratification immediately above the surface are typical for radiation cooling, but near-surface temperature inversions (hereinafter referred to as inversions) have hardly been studied. Both phenomena are examined in more detail by means of measurements in the Caspian Sea and Antarctica and compared with measurements made by other authors. For this purpose, tests for decoupling are applied in the first case. In the second case, the inversions can be explained in the context of counter-gradient fluxes and turbulent Prandtl numbers greater than one.
Superhydrophobic surfaces with dual-scale roughness and water vapor-barrier property for sustainable liquid packaging applications
Authors: Zhang Xue , Zhang Hongjie , Cheng Yun , Zhang Liyuan , Shen Wei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere is an ongoing unmet global need to manufacture novel sustainable liquid packaging materials, that are not based on plastic film or aluminum foil. Superhydrophobic coating technologies have been proposed for developing more sustainable packaging materials. In this study, the underlying engineering principles for fabricating superhydrophobic surfaces proposed for liquid packaging are investigated, including but not limited to the substrates used and engineering properties of the surfaces. Specifically, to improve the engineering performance of superhydrophobic paper for use in packaging, the feasibility of combining platy montmorillonite (MMT, for its barrier properties) and nano-rolling-pin-shaped precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC, for its superhydrophobicity) into multifunctional coating layers is investigated. Water droplet evaporation experiments are performed to identify how subtle changes in the morphological structures of as-prepared superhydrophobic paper samples can produce a useful roughness structure for packaging applications. Paperboard, which is widely utilized in packaging, is chosen as a substrate to study the challenges of fabricating superhydrophobic paperboards for use in packaging. The results of this study provide engineering principles for using sustainable paper-based materials with a dual-scale roughness structure and barrier properties in liquid packaging applications.
Graphical abstract
Examining Predictors of Psychological Distress Among Youth Engaging with Jigsaw for a Brief Intervention
Authors: Mac Dhonnagáin Niall , O’Reilly Aileen , Shevlin Mark , Dooley Barbara 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRisk factors for psychological distress among help-seeking youth are poorly understood. Addressing this gap is important for informing mental health service provision. This study aimed to identify risk factors among youth attending Jigsaw, a youth mental health service in Ireland. Routine data were collected from N = 9,673 youth who engaged with Jigsaw (Mean age = 16.9 years, SD = 3.14), including presenting issues, levels of psychological distress, age, and gender. Confirmatory Factor Analysis identified thirteen factors of clustering issues. Several factors, including Self-criticism and Negative Thoughts, were strongly associated with items clustering as psychological distress, however these factors were poorly predictive of distress as measured by the CORE (YP-CORE: R2 = 14.7%, CORE-10: R2 = 6.9%). The findings provide insight into associations between young people’s identified presenting issues and self-identified distress. Implications include applying appropriate therapeutic modalities to focus on risk factors and informing routine outcome measurement in integrated youth mental health services.
Prosets: a new financing instrument to deliver a durable net zero transition
Authors: Mitchell-Larson Eli , Allen Myles 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInterest in carbon offsetting is resurging among companies and institutions, but the vast majority of existing offerings fail to enable a credible transition to a durable net zero emission state. A clear definition of what makes an offsetting product “net zero compliant” is needed. We introduce the “proset”, a new form of composite carbon credit in which the fraction of carbon allocated to geological-timescale storage options increases progressively, reaching 100% by the target net zero date, generating predictable demand for effectively permanent CO2storage while making the most of the near-term opportunities provided by nature-based climate solutions, all at an affordable cost to the purchaser.
Behavioural responses of a cold-water benthivore to loss of oxythermal habitat
Authors: Rodrigues Tazi H. , Chapelsky Andrew J. , Hrenchuk Lee E. , Mushet Graham R. , Chapman Lauren J. , Blanchfield Paul J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Climate-driven declines in oxythermal habitat in freshwater lakes can impose prolonged constraints on cold-water fishes sensitive to hypoxia. How fish cope with severe habitat limitations is not well understood, yet has implications for their persistence. Here, we use acoustic-positioning telemetry to assess seasonal habitat occupancy and activity patterns of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), a cold-water benthivore, in a small boreal lake that regularly faces severe oxythermal constraints during summer stratification. During this stratified period, they rarely (< 15% of detections) occupied depths with water temperatures > 10 °C (interquartile range = 5.3–7.9 °C), which resulted in extensive use (> 90% of detections) of water with < 4 mg L−1 dissolved oxygen (DO; interquartile range = 0.3–5.3 mg L−1). Lake whitefish were least active in winter and spring, but much more active in summer, when only a small portion of the lake (1–10%) contained optimal oxythermal habitat (< 10 °C and > 4 mg L−1 DO), showing frequent vertical forays into low DO environments concurrent with extensive lateral movement (7649 m d−1). High rates of lateral movement (8392 m d−1) persisted in the complete absence of optimal oxythermal habitat, but without high rates of vertical forays. We found evidence that lake whitefish are more tolerant of hypoxia (< 2 mg L−1) than previously understood, with some individuals routinely occupying hypoxic habitat in winter (up to 93% of detections) despite the availability of higher DO habitat. The changes in movement patterns across the gradient of habitat availability indicate that the behavioural responses of lake whitefish to unfavourable conditions may lead to changes in foraging efficiency and exposure to physiological stress, with detrimental effects on their persistence.
“There is a hell and heaven difference among faculties who are from quota and those who are non-quota”: under the veneer of the “New Middle Class” production of Indian public universities
Authors: Dhawan Nandita Banerjee , Belluigi Dina Zoe , Idahosa Grace Ese-Osa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe university is a highly politicized and fractious realm for students and academics. Amidst trade-offs between the processes of massification, democratization, commodification, and globalization, the question of transformation for sustainability has become crucial to the social good(s) of higher education. This paper considers academic citizenry within Indian public higher education — a context where the increase in the enrollment of first-generation students and female students, due to affirmative action policies, has not substantially translated into altering the composition of academic staff. Informed by a mixed-method study conducted in 2019 with the participation of academics and those in leadership positions at four higher education institutions, we found that the enactment of such policies was operationalized for the production of the “New Middle Class” by universities. Of concern is that neither the representation nor the participation of academics who are women, “lower” castes, or minorities meets the mark of just, inclusive institutions. Despite the rhetoric of inclusiveness and development, the implementation of related policies clothe subalterns with the veneer of the intellectual class, permitting access on condition that sociocultural identities are concealed, and the hegemonic status quo maintained. Terms such as “quality” and “equality” function as tools for social control rather than serving social justice, where assertions of caste identity and resistance are simultaneously repudiated and misrecognized.
The Moral and Ethical Baseline of Marine Socio-Ecological Values: the Case of Recreational and Artisanal Fishing in NW Mediterranean Coastal Waters (Catalonia, Spain)
Authors: Gómez Sílvia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractScant attention has been paid to values not expressed in monetary terms, due in part to the difficulty of assessing them. Moreover, the notion and understanding of “value” differs depending on the discipline and academic approaches. This ethnographic study focused on three marine spaces from the Catalonia region in Spain (Natural Park of Cap de Creus, Medes Islands protected area, and Natura 2000 Network area) addresses the competing values of maritime activities, small-scale fishing and recreational fishing, that make value judgements based on moral and ethical standards with which to legitimize activities and use of marine resources. The results highlight the co-existing market and non-market values involved in carrying out these activities, and the need to identify values as drivers of socioecological systems in order to evaluate sustainability. Through the lens of social theory mainly stemming from social anthropology, the study discusses on the moral and ethical issues at play.