bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Immature Fruit and Holding on Strawberry Puree Quality and Color Stability1
Authors: Spayd S. E. , Morris J. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purees were prepared from green (G, immature and mature green 1:1) and ripe (R, firm ripe and processing ripe 1:1) fruits of ‘Cardinal’ and A-5344 strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). Blends of 25%R + 75%G, 50%R + 50%G, 75%R + 25%G, and 100% R were prepared before and after holding purees at 10, 30 and 50°C for 0, 12, 24 and 36 hours. The decrease in puree color caused by the addition of puree of green fruit to puree of ripe fruit was a dilution effect rather than a synergistic effect, since pures of green and ripe fruits combined after holding were equal in color to purees of comparable proportions of purees of G and R fruits combined before holding. Holding strawberry puree for up to 36 hours at 30° and 50°C increased discoloration and reduced total anthocyanins, pelargonidin-3-monoglucoside content, COM “a”, and visual color. Holding at 50° resulted in the greatest reductions in color.
Influence of Various Growth Chamber Environments on Growth, Flowering, and Senescence of Tulipa gesneriana L. cv. Paul Richter1
Authors: Dosser Amy L. , Larson Roy A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Paul Richter’ tulips were forced in controlled environment chambers at 26/22, 22/18, and 18/14°C day/night temperatures using high and reduced light intensity and short and long daylengths. Photoperiod had no influence on growth or flowering. Reduced light intensity with the coolest temperature treatment significantly increased the forcing period. Increased forcing temperatures had the greatest impact on plant growth, resulting in reduced Plant flower length, and forcing period. In a second experiment, ‘Paul Richter’ was forced in controlled environment chambers under 8 combinations of day/night temperatures from 18 to 26° day and from 14 to 22° night. The warmer day or night temperatures decreased the forcing period. Plant height was increased with increasing day temperatures, but decreased with increasing night temperature. Flower length decreased with increasing day or night temperatures. First internode length was increased with increasing day temperature but decreased with increasing night temperature, with the exception of a slight increase at a day temperature of 18°. Last internode length was increased only slightly with increasing night temperature. Flower longevity and total length were decreased slightly by increased forcing temperatures.
Lambkill Control in Lowbush Blueberry Fields with Glyphosate and 2, 4-D1
Authors: Ismail Amr A. , Yarborough David E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine(glyphosate) or 2,4-D (2, 4 dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2, 4-D) was applied on 2 dates (October 28 or November 10) after leaf abscission of blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) in a commercial field containing lambkill (Kalmia angustifolia L.); plots were thermally pruned the following spring. Lambkill plant stand decreased with increasing rates of glyphosate or 2, 4-D. A late application of glyphosate was more effective than 2, 4-D in reducing lambkill plant stand. Increasing the rate of glyphosate resulted in a greater number of blueberry stems, more flower buds per stem, and a higher yield. Glyphosate applications reduced the length of reemerging lambkill stems but 2, 4-D did not. Glyphosate was as effective in reducing lambkill plant stand at 2.2 kg/ha as 2, 4-D was at 4.5 kg/ha.
Some Effects of Emulsifiable Coatings on Weight Loss, Stem Discoloration, and Surface Damage Disorders in ‘Van’ Sweet Cherries1
Authors: Lidster P. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Preharvest antitranspirant sprays were most effective in decreasing the incidence of surface pitting in ‘Van’ sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) when applied immediately prior to harvest. Antitranspirant or wax coatings applied to ‘Van’ cherries as a postharvest dip decreased weight loss in storage, the incidence of discolored stems and surface pitting in storage. Antitranspirant concentration in the postharvest dipping solution was negatively correlated to the incidence of surface pitting.
Infiltration of Calcium Solutions into ‘Jonathan’ Apples Using Temperature Differentials and Surfactants1
Authors: Lee J. J. L. , Dewey D. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ca infiltration into the flesh of mature ‘Jonathan’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) from a postharvest dip was enhanced by increasing the CaCl2 concentration, decreasing the temperature and surface tension of the cooling solution, increasing the initial fruit temperature, and increasing the submersion duration. Increases of fruit Ca to levels normally adequate to control storage disorders were achieved by cooling fruit at 21°C for 10 minutes in 4% CaCl2 plus 0.1 % surfactant L-77 at -1°. The results suggest that hydrocooling apples with a refrigerated CaCl2 solution would offer a practical means of postharvest Ca enrichment.
Genetic Advance through Mass Selection for Tenderness in Sweet Corn1
Authors: Ito Glenn M. , Brewbaker James L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Mass selection for improved tenderness was conducted in the corn (Zea mays L.) cultivar ‘Hawaiian Super-sweet No. 9’. Two selection criteria were applied separately—a pericarp thickness measurement of mature kernels, and a bite test of immature ears on the plant. Selection was carried out at 10% intensity among 400 ears each for 3 cycles by pericarp thickness and for 4 cycles by bite test. Selection based on pericarp thickness led to a genetic advance of 9.2% per cycle (from average 73.6 to 53.3 μm), with a concomitant 2.9% increase per cycle in tenderness as evaluated by the bite test. Genetic advance following selection based on the bite test was 3.9% per cycle as evaluated by the bite test and 2.9% per cycle as evaluated by pericarp micrometry, the germinal and abgerminal sides of pericarp differed consistently, with germinal 14.5% thinner than the abgerminal, but correlated so well for all cycles that only one side is advised in a selection program. A significant correlation (r=0.98) was found between average bite-test scores and immature pericarp thickness, but correlations based on individual ears were low (r=0.24). Bite-test scores were subject to high error variability (CV =25%) as opposed to pericarp micrometry (CV=12%). Both techniques deserve recommendation for tenderness-selection programs, possibly as tandem criteria for successive cycles of selection.
Effects of Cooling Versus Seal-packaging wit High-density Polyethylene on Keeping Qualities of Various Citrus Cultivars1
Authors: Ben-Yehoshua S. , Kobiler Ilana , Shapiro B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Seal packaging of orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cvs. Valencia and Shamouti], grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf. cv. Marsh) and lemons (Citrus limon Burnt, f. cv. Eureka) with high-density polyethylene (HOPE) film (0.01 mm in thickness) delayed softening and inhibited weight loss and deformation of the fruit more than cooling. Sealed fruit at 20°C and 85% relative humidity (RH) had better appearance and were firmer than non-sealed fruit at their lowest temperature possible without chilling injury and 85–90% RH. HOPE seal-packaging also inhibited chilling injury of grapefruit and lemons stored at 5° and 2°C, respectively. The C02 content of grapefruit was unaffected by seal-packaging, hut it was lower at cooler temperatures. Decay of citrus fruit depended more on the storage temperature than on the type of packaging. However, in storage up to 1 month, no significant difference was found in most experiments in decay percentage between orange, grapefruit, and lemon sealed with HOPE and stored in a packing house (13 to 25°C), and non-sealed fruits, at the lowest temperatures possible without chilling injury of 2, 10 and 14°C, respectively.
The Effect of Cane Morphology and Cultivar on the Phenological Development and Critical Temperatures of Primary Buds on Grape Canes1
Authors: Johnson D. E. , Howell G. S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cold resistance of primary buds from grapevines (Vitis spp.) decreased with advancing phenological development. Morphological characteristics of canes produced during previous growing season had no effect on bud hardiness at a given stage of development or on development rate when cuttings were forced in the greenhouse. Cultivar differences were found to affect both the rate of bud development and the hardiness at a given stage of buds forced from stored cuttings.
Response of Pear to Inbreeding1
Authors: Bell R. L. , Janick Jules , Zimmerman R. H. , van der Zwet T. , Blake R. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
No consistent trend towards increased inbreeding has existed within the U.S. Department of Agriculture pear breeding program over 17 years of crosses based on the mean inbreeding coefficient and the percentage of non-inbred progenies. Selections did not tend to be more or less inbred than the population of all seedings. There was consistent, but small, trend towards a reduction in seedling vigor with increased levels of inbreeding as measured by 5th year stem diameter. A significant positive, but small, association between increased inbreeding and improved flavor, grit, and texture were observed, even after correction for the effects of parental values for these characters. Limited inbreeding does not adversely affect improvement of fruit quality and appears to be of some benefit in facilitating selection of favorable alleles.
Effects of Ethephon, Gibberellin, and BA on Fruiting of ‘Dancy’ Tangerines1
Authors: Jahn Otto L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Young ‘Dancy’ tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco) fruit were thinned with 200 to 250 ppm (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) sprays. Ethephon treatments that thinned fruit to an average of about 1 per twig generally increased fruit size and crop value and reduced alternate bearing. Thinning was less effective under water stress conditions. Little or no leaf abscission was observed, even under dry grove conditions. Ethephon was most effective when it was applied near the end of the natural drop period in May, but before many of the fruit became larger than 15 mm in diameter. Gibberellin (GA3 or GA4,7) and/or 6-benzylamino purine (BA) did not reduce flowering or fruiting.
Cold Hardiness of Leaf and Stem Organs of Rhododendron Cultivars1
Authors: Holt Mary A. , Pellett Norman E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Leaves and stems from 7 field-grown cultivars of Rhododendron were frozen in laboratory tests from September to December or January for 2 successive winters to determine the temperature causing injury to selected organs. In all cultivars, the leaf midrib, petiole, and stem extraxylary (cambium, phloem, and cortex) organs were the least cold-hardy, while the stem xylem and leaf intervein were the most cold-hardy. Organs of ‘Lee’s Dark Purple’ and ‘Cataw-biense Boursalt’ rhododendrons were the most cold-hardy by December while ‘Caractacus’, ‘America’, and ‘Nova Zembla’ were the least cold-hardy. Field temperatures similar to those causing injury in the laboratory resulted in leaf and stem damage in early December.
Identification of Modifier Genes Affecting the Extent of Precocious Fruit Pigmentation in Cucurbita pepo L.1
Authors: Shifriss Oved , Paris Harry S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Data from a cross between ‘Table King’, B+/B +, bearing green fruits, and ‘Precocious Small Sugar’, B/B, bearing yellow fruits, revealed the existence of 2 independent modifier genes, designated Ep-1 and Ep-2, each of which can extend the boundaries of precocious fruit pigmentation conditioned by gene B. The effect of these modifiers of B is cumulative, but the dosage of B plays an important role in controlling the extent of precocious pigmentation. Some commercial hybrids are B/+ and these tend to produce bicolor fruits, an undesirable feature in squash. The present findings suggest that B/+ hybrids can produce yellow fruits exclusively, provided they carry 2 or more Ep genes.
Distribution of 14C Photosynthetic Assimilates in ‘Valencia’ Orange Seedlings at 10° and 25°C
Authors: Guy C. L. , Yelenosky G. , Sweet H. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the paper, Distribution of l4C Photosynthetic Assimilates in ‘Valencia’ Orange Seedlings at 10° and 25°C by C. L. Guy, G. Yelenosky, and H. C. Sweet (J. Amer. Soc· Hort. Sci. 106(4):433–437. 1981) the title for Table 1 should read: l4C-labeled fractions extracted from ‘Valencia’ orange seedlings exposed to l4CO2 (50 μCi for 3 hours) at 25° and 10°C and maintained at those temperatures for 28 days in controlled temperature light rooms.
Scanning Electron Microscopy and Size Analysis of Temperature-induced in Vivo Potato Starch Breakdown1
Authors: Wetzstein H. Y. , Wetzstein M. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The cold-temperature-induced starch breakdown which occurs in stored tubers of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and image analysis. Corrosion was superficial in nature, with the development of grooves, furrows, and circular depressions. Concentric rings and a surface peeling were observed. Area size distribution measurements found no significant relationship between size, storage temperature or storage duration, suggesting a simultaneous, nonspecific size breakdown of granules.
Inheritance and Association of Flower, Ovule, Seed, Pod, and Maturity Characters in Dry Edible Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)1
Authors: Al-Mukhtar Faisal A. , Coyne Dermot P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The accessions, PI 255960 (P1) (purple flowers, colored seed, curved pod tip, large seed) and G-19007 (P2) (white flowers, straight pod tip, white seed) of Phaseolus vulgaris L., both late maturing with many ovules and seeds per pod, were crossed with each other and with 2 early maturing, white flowered, white seeded, straight pod tip, low ovule number/pod parents, ‘Great Northern (GN) Emerson’ (P3) and ‘GN UI#59’ (P4). P1 and P2 appeared to possess the same genes for high ovule number/pod. The continuous distributions of ovule number/pod, seed number/pod, and seed weight in the F2 generations of the other crosses indicated quantitative inheritance. However, segregation data in their F3 generations suggested that ovule number/pod may be determined by additive action of the alleles of a single major gene. Moderately high broad sense heritability estimates were obtained for these traits. Purple flower color and seed-coat color were controlled by 2 different complementary dominant genes. Striped pod color and curved pod tip shape (Ct) were each controlled by different single dominant genes. Days to flowering was controlled by a single completely dominant gene; pod maturity was controlled by a single incompletely dominant gene for lateness. Linkage occurred between genes for flower color and pod color pattern, flower color and pod tip shape, and flower color and maturity. High seed number/pod was associated with purple flowers, colored seeds, and late maturity in the F2 of P3 × P1. Late maturity and high seed number/pod were also associated in the F2 of P4×P1, P3× P2 and P4 × P2. Moderately large negative correlations were found between number of seeds/pod and seed weight in all crosses involving P1 and P2. High ovule number/pod was associated with indeterminate growth habit and moderately late flowering in the F2 progeny from the indeterminate cultivar ‘G.N. Nebr. # 1’, crossed with a determinate isoline. No association between seed weight & seed-coat color was observed in the F2 of P3 × P1, and P4 × P1, but there was association between large seed and both late maturity and flower color.
Physical Properties of Three Container Media and their Effect on Poinsettia Growth1
Authors: Fonteno W. C. , Cassel D. K. , Larson R. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Three fundamental different media 3 pine bark (≤ 6mm): 1 sphagnum peat moss:l concrete grade sand; 2 loamy soil: 1 peat moss: 1 perlíte; and a peat-lite mix, (Metro Mix 350) were characterized by available water-holding capacity, bulk density and particle size distribution. All 3 media provided adequate water-holding capacities for container production of ‘Eckespoint C-1 Red’ and ‘Annette Hegg Diva’ poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Klotzsch ex. Willd.). Total porosity declined and bulk density increased in all media 9 weeks after potting due to shrinkage but there were no additional changes after an additional 4 weeks. Airspace and water buffering capacities did not change during the 13-week period indicating the loss in total porosity resulted in a loss of easily available water. Water release had linear and nonlinear components with respect to moisture tension. Poinsettia root systems appeared to be extensive throughout the growing media; root distributions varied with cultivar and medium.
Keeping Qualities of ‘Stayman’ and ‘Delicious’ Apples Treated with Calcium Chloride, Scald Inhibitors, and other Chemicals1
Authors: Hardenburg R. E. , Anderson R. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Stayman’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) dipped in 4% CaC12 were firmer after 5–6 months storage in air at 0°C and developed less senescent breakdown than untreated fruit. Use of the thickener Keltrol with CaC12 or vacuum infiltrating (VI) CaC12 resulted in the firmest fruit after storage and the highest flesh Ca levels. ‘Stayman’ stored 5 or 6 months in CA at 0°C were 1.5 kg firmer than air-stored fruit. Dipping apples in CaC12 prior to CA storage provided little additional benefit. Liquid concentrate formulations of diphenylamine (DPA) and ethoxyquin used alone or in combination with 4% CaC12 gave excellent scald control on ‘Stayman’ stored 5 or 6 months at 0° + 6 days at 20°. However, the same chemicals gave poor scald control for ‘Starkrimson Delicious’ picked early to midseason. The antioxidants BHT and BHA evaluated as postharvest dips at 2,000 ppm were less effective than DPA or ethoxyquin in controlling scald on ‘Stayman’. ‘Delicious’ apples were not significantly firmer after 6 months storage in air at 0°C when dipped in 3% CaC12 alone or with Keltrol, or when CaC12 was VI. When CaC12 was contaminated with Penicillium expansum spores, VI of the solution greatly increased decay of both ‘Delicious’ and ‘Stayman’.
Inhibitory Effects of Ammoniacal Nitrogen on Growth of Radish Plants. I. Characterization of Toxic Effects of NH4+ on Growth and its Alleviation by NO3−1
Authors: Goyal S. S. , Lorenz O. A. , Huffaker R. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Growth of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) was inhibited by NH4 as the source of N at concentrations from 1 to 240 ppm N. Higher levels of free NH4 accumulated in the plants as a result of NH4 nutrition. Nitrate equivalent to 10% or more of the NH4 concentration alleviated the inhibitor effects of NH4 on growth and also decreased the NH4 content of the plants. Five cultivars of radish responded similarly. Ammonium was also harmful for growth of etiolated seedlings, but NO3 did not reverse the inhibitory effects of NH4.
Water Stress, Growth, and Critical Water Potentials of Rabbiteye Blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade)1
Authors: Davies Frederick S. , Johnson Charles R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Moderate and severe water-stress, as determined by decreases in stomatal conductance, resulted in significant reduction of leaf area and plant weight in 1-year-old containerized ‘Bluegem’ rabbiteye blueberry. Drought-tolerance appeared to be intermediate to other plant species based on a number of physiological factors. Critical water potential for stomatal closure was −2.2 MPa, transpiration ratio averaged 222 g of water transpired per g dry matter produced and relative water content changed 6.4% per 1.0 MPa change in water potential.
Storage and Processing Quality of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Harvested at the Semi-dry Stage1
Authors: Gonzalez Alfredo R. , Edwards Kathleen M. , Marx David B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The processing quality of kidney, pinto, and small white beans (Phaseolus vulgaris cv Redkloud, UI-111, and Aurora) was compared when harvested at the dry (11–14% moisture content) and semi-dry (50–60% moisture content) stage in the spring and fall growing seasons. Semi-dry harvested beans were canned immediately after harvest and after being storaged at 27°C for 24 hours. Dry harvested beans were canned after harvest. The respiratory rate of semi-dry harvested beans stored at 27° decreased with time in storage. Significant differences in objective and subjective evaluations were found between cultivars, harvest stage, storage treatments, and spring and fall growing seasons. Semi-dry harvested beans stored for 24 hours at 27° had fewer split beans than the non-stored counterpart and the dry harvested beans. Semi-dry beans with and without storage treatment were firmer than those harvested dry. An increase in color was observed in semi-dry beans of ‘UI-111’ and ‘Redkloud’ after being stored for 24 hours at 27°. Sensory panel evaluations indicated that beans harvested at the semi-dry stage and stored for 24 hours at 27° before canning had similar or higher acceptability than beans harvested dry.
Heritability of Efficiency in Phosphorus Utilization in Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Grown under Phosphorus Stress1
Authors: Fawole Iyiola , Gabelman W. H. , Gerloff G. C. , Nordheim E. V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The heritability of efficiency in phosphorus utilization under deficiency stress was investigated using 6 bean families derived from crosses between selected efficient, moderately inefficient, and inefficient lines. Total plant dry weight (DW) was used as an index of efficiency. Epistasis, notably additive by additive and dominance by dominance gene effects, made imyor contributions to the efficiency in P utilization. Additive and dominance gene effects also made significant contributions. Estimates of broad sense heritability for total plant DW showed that efficiency in P utilization was a highly heritable trait. Narrow sense heritability estimates for total plant DW were high in all families studied.
Physiology of Sugar Accumulation in Carrot Breeding Lines and Cultivars1
Authors: Lester G. E. , Baker L. R. , Kelly J. F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cultivars and breeding lines of carrot (Daucus carota L.) with established differences in sugar accumulation capacity were studied by growth analyses to identify associations of sugar content with other traits. Carrots were grown on both organic and sandy loam soils. At both locations the seasonal patterns for sugar content of a high sugar-accumulating cultivar/line (HSL) and a low sugar-accumulating cultivar/line (LSL) were similar. There was little or no association of growth indicators (dry weight accumulation, tap root dry weight, and leaf area index) with high or low sugar accumulation. Differences in sugar yields were associated with mean net assimilation rate (), mean relative growth rate () and leaf area ratio (LAR) late in the growing season. The HSL had increasing (, , and LAR, whereas LSL had decreasing , , and LAR late in the growing season. In general, carrot cultivars and breeding lines producing high free-sugar concentrations were distinguished from low sugar-accumulating carrots by delayed physiological maturity resulting in prolonged photosynthetic activity late in the growing season.