bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel pharmacological treatment concept for neuroprotection in severe traumatic brain injury—Two case reports
Authors: Trimmel Helmut , Herzer Guenther , Derdak Christoph , Kettenbach Joachim , Grgac Ivan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSevere traumatic brain injury (sTBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide, resulting in a significant individual and socioeconomic burden. Current treatment guidelines do not include any recommendations for neuroprotective or neuoregenerative drugs. Here, we present a combined treatment with Cerebrolysin and Citicoline in two cases. Both drugs are experimentally better than clinically proven in their own effectiveness, but there is almost no clinical data on the combination of the two. Our case study hints at a promising approach that may improve neurological outcome after sTBI. The first patient was a 29 years male motorcyclist suffered polytrauma in a high‐speed accident. He had severe bilateral chest trauma and fractures in both thighs and an sTBI. In addition to surgical and standard neurocritical care according to the evidence‐based guidelines, he was given neuroprotective therapy with Cerebrolysin (50 ml/day) and Citicoline (3 g/day), by continuous intravenous infusion (IV), for 21 days. The second patient was a 30 years male ski mountaineer who had suffered a fall over 300 m in open terrain. In addition to the sTBI, he had fractures in the cervical spine, ribs, pelvis, and lower extremities, as well as lung contusions and massive soft tissue trauma. After initial treatment in a local hospital, he was transferred to our department and received the same neuroprotective drugs, like all of our patients with sTBI. Considering the severity of the injuries (Injury Severity Score [ISS]: 43/50, Revised Trauma Score [RTS: 5.0304, 2.7794]) and the unfavorable outcome probability (Hukkelhoven Score) of 93.1% and 82.6%, the outcomes of both patients are surprisingly encouraging 1 year after the accident. They achieved a Glasgow Outcome Score of 6 and 5 and grades 2 and 4 on the modified Rankin Scale, respectively. Currently, both are able to take care of themselves in activities of daily life to a large extent. Neuroprotective drugs may improve the regeneration of cell membranes, improve blood brain barrier integrity, and reduce neuroinflammation leading to secondary damage to the injured brain. Our clinical experience and data suggest that the combined administration of Citicoline and Cerebrolysin may contribute to better recovery, without relevant side effects. However, it would be important to validate these results by means of a controlled, prospective study.
Assembly of Helical Nanostructures: Solvent‐Induced Morphology Transition and Its Effect on Cell Adhesion
Authors: He Sijia , Zhang Yaqian , Zhao Changli , Wang Xueqian , Baddi Sravan , Wu Beibei , Dou Xiaoqiu , Feng Chuanliang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBeing able to precisely manipulate both the morphology and chiroptical signals of supramolecular assemblies will help to better understand the natural biological self‐assembly mechanism. Two simplel/d‐phenylalanine‐based derivatives (L/DPFM) have been designed, and their solvent‐dependent morphology evolutions are illustrated. It was found that, as the content of H2O in aqueous ethanol solutions was increased, LPFM self‐assembles first into right‐handed nanofibers, then flat fibrous structures, and finally inversed left‐handed nanofibers. Assemblies in ethanol and H2O exhibit opposite conformations and circular dichroism (CD) signals even though they are constructed from the same molecules. Thus, the morphology‐dependent cell adhesion and proliferation behaviors are further characterized. Left‐handed nanofibers are found to be more favorable for cell adhesion than right‐handed nanostructures. Quantitative AFM analysis showed that the L929 cell adhesion force on left‐handed LPFM fibers is much higher than that on structures with inversed handedness. Moreover, the value of cell Young's modulus is lower for left‐handed nanofibrous films, which indicates better flexibility. The difference in cell‐substrate interactions might lead to different effects on cell behavior.
Energy Level, Crystal Morphology and Fluorescence Emission Tuning in Cocrystals via Molecular‐Level Engineering
Authors: Zhang Jing , Chen Jinqiu , Yang Bo , Ma Shuang , Yin Lina , Liu Zhiqi , Xiang Wenxin , Liu Hongguang , Zhao Jianfen , Sheng Peng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOrganic donor‐acceptor complexes as new organic semiconductor class have attracted wide attention, due to their potential applications in functional optoelectronics. Herein, we present two new charge transfer cocrystals of di‐cyanodiazafluorene ‐perylene (DCPE) and di‐cyanodiazaflfluorene‐pyrene (DCPY) through a rational cocrystal‐engineering strategy. Although they are both 1 : 1 mixed stacking cocrystals with similar chemical structures, the DCPE cocrystal possesses a non‐centrosymmetric space group and narrower band gap compared to DCPY cocrystal, because of the non‐covalent bonding variation. The electrostatic potential accumulated in the lateral facets leads to highly twisted DCPE nanobelts, and the small band gap causes near infrared fluorescence. Meanwhile, the DCPY crystals with centrosymmetric space groups and weaker intermolecular interactions exhibited an untwisted morphology and red emission. This study will be helpful for the design and understanding of functional cocrystal materials that can be used in flexible micro/nano‐mechanics, mechanical energy, and optical devices.
Oxidative Cleavage of β‐O‐4 Linkage in Lignin via Co Nanoparticles Embedded in 3DNG as Catalyst**
Authors: Zhang Jiali , Lei Puyi , Yu Daobo , Li Yanfang , Zhong Min , Shen Wenzhuo , Guo Shouwu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe cleavage of β‐O‐4 linkage in lignin is one of the key steps for oxidative conversion of lignin to low‐molecular‐weight aromatics. Herein, Co nanoparticles embedded in three‐dimensional network of nitrogen‐doped graphene (Co/NG@3DNG‐X) were prepared through an immersion‐pyrolysis procedure, in which X denotes the pyrolysis temperature. The detailed characterization of Co/NG@3DNG‐X shows that the Co nanoparticles are coated with a few layers of nitrogen‐doped graphene (NG) sheets that are further embedded in 3DNG matrix. The catalytic activities of the Co/NG@3DNG‐X for the oxidative cleavage of β‐O‐4 linkage in lignin model compounds with O2 as oxidant are explored. It is demonstrated that catalytic activities of as‐prepared Co/NG@3DNG‐X can be tuned by varying the pyrolysis condition, and the Co/NG@3DNG‐900 shows the highest catalytic activity, which is attributed to the enriched Co‐Nx species, the strong surface basicity, the high specific surface and the mesoporous motif of 3DNG network. More pronouncedly, the Co/NG@3DNG‐900 can also effectively catalyze the oxidative cleavage of organosolv lignin, generating certain monomeric aromatics. Additionally, the intrinsic magnetic property of Co nanoparticles makes the Co/NG@3DNG‐X be easily recovered from the reaction mixture, and the as‐coated thin NG layer can protect Co nanoparticle from oxidation condition, which putting together afford the Co/NG@3DNG‐X with good reusability and stability.
The Brownian Castle
Authors: Cannizzaro Giuseppe , Hairer Martin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe introduce a 1+1‐dimensional temperature‐dependent model such that the classical ballistic deposition model is recovered as its zero‐temperature limit. Its ∞‐temperature version, which we refer to as the 0‐Ballistic Deposition (0‐BD) model, is a randomly evolving interface which, surprisingly enough, does not belong to either the Edwards–Wilkinson (EW) or the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) universality class. We show that 0‐BD has a scaling limit, a new stochastic process that we call Brownian Castle (BC) which, although it is “free”, is distinct from EW and, like any other renormalisation fixed point, is scale‐invariant, in this case under the 1:1:2 scaling (as opposed to 1:2:3 for KPZ and 1:2:4 for EW). In the present article, we not only derive its finite‐dimensional distributions, but also provide a “global” construction of the Brownian Castle which has the advantage of highlighting the fact that it admits backward characteristics given by the (backward) Brownian Web (see [37, 16]). Among others, this characterisation enables us to establish fine pathwise properties of BC and to relate these to special points of the Web. We prove that the Brownian Castle is a (strong) Markov and Feller process on a suitable space of càdlàg functions and determine its long‐time behaviour. Finally, we give a glimpse to its universality by proving the convergence of 0‐BD to BC in a rather strong sense. © 2022 The Authors. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Computational Studies on the Reactivity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Su Yingwei , Ren Qing , Zhang Wen‐Yan , Chen Feiwu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely present in the environment as toxic pollutants. In this study, quantum chemistry methods are used to study reactions of PAHs in both particle and gas phases. Seven theoretical methods are exploited to predict the reactive sites of 15 PAHs in the particle phase. Among these methods, the performance of the condensed Fukui function (CFF) is optimum. The gas‐phase reactions of eight PAHs are also investigated. Except for fluorene, CFF predicts correctly the gas‐phase mono‐nitro products for seven systems. The products of fluorene predicted by CFF are 1‐nitrofluorene and 3‐nitrofluorene, which is however inconsistent with the experimental results. Transition state theory is then used to investigate the reaction mechanism of fluorene. Calculated rate constants for 3‐nitrofluorene and 2‐nitrofluorene formation are much bigger than that for 1‐nitrofluorene formation, which is in agreement with the experimental results.
A systematic review of the effectiveness of compassion focused imagery in improving psychological outcomes in clinical and non‐clinical adult populations
Authors: Maner Safir , Morris Paul Graham , Flewitt Bethany Iona 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundCompassion‐focused imagery (CFI) is a technique used to facilitate self‐compassion by constructing and exploring imagery of a compassionate ideal. It is commonly used in Compassionate Mind Training, as part of a wider skills training intervention. This review aimed to explore the effectiveness of CFI on psychological outcomes when used as a brief standalone intervention across clinical and non‐clinical adult populations. Population‐specific effects were also explored.MethodsFollowing an extensive literature search, 20 studies were identified for inclusion in the review. Quality and risk of bias assessment were completed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) tool. Where available, effect sizes were calculated for outcome measures of self‐compassion, self‐criticism and shame. Study findings were qualitatively synthesized.ResultsMost of the studies reported improvements in psychological outcomes, such as improvements in self‐compassion and positive affect, reduction in self‐criticism, shame and paranoia. Across measures of self‐compassion, self‐criticism and shame, the effect sizes ranged between 0.02 and 1.1 and estimated treatment effects range between 0.09 and 1.39. Preliminary evidence is promising, with most studies reporting improvements in psychological outcomes; however, the evidence is limited by the methodological challenges and heterogeneity within the literature. Studies that implemented CFI in severe head injury samples reported limited improvements. Improvements in paranoia measures were more consistently reported in non‐clinical samples, when compared to studies using clinical samples. High levels of self‐criticism emerged as an important potential barrier in individuals' ability to engage with CFI tasks.
A Semi‐mechanistic Model to Characterize the Long‐Term Dynamics of Hepatitis B Virus Markers During Treatment With Lamivudine and Pegylated Interferon
Authors: El Messaoudi Selma , Lemenuel‐Diot Annabelle , Gonçalves Antonio , Guedj Jérémie 
Published: November 2022

Antiviral treatments against hepatitis B virus (HBV) suppress viral replication but do not eradicate the virus, and need therefore to be taken lifelong to avoid relapse. Mathematical models can be useful to support the development of curative anti‐HBV agents; however, they mostly focus on short‐term HBV DNA data and neglect the complex host‐pathogen interaction. This work aimed to characterize the effect of treatment with lamivudine and/or pegylated interferon (Peg‐IFN) in 1,300 patients (hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg)–positive and HBeAg‐negative) treated for 1 year. A mathematical model was developed incorporating two populations of infected cells, namely , with a high transcriptional activity, that progressively evolve into , at a rate , representing cells with integrated HBV DNA that have a lower transcriptional activity. Parameters of the model were estimated in patients treated with lamivudine or Peg‐IFN alone (N = 894), and the model was then validated in patients treated with lamivudine plus Peg‐IFN (N = 436) to predict the virological response after a year of combination treatment. Lamivudine had a larger effect in blocking viral production than Peg‐IFN (99.4–99.9% vs. 91.8–95.1%); however, Peg‐IFN had a significant immunomodulatory effect, leading to an enhancement of the loss rates of (×1.7 in HBeAg‐positive patients), (> ×7 irrespective of HBeAg status), and (×4.6 and ×2.0 in HBeAg‐positive and HBeAg‐negative patients, respectively). Using this model, we were able to describe the synergy of the different effects occurring during treatment with combination and predicted an effect of 99.99% on blocking viral production. This framework can therefore support the optimization of combination therapy with new anti‐HBV agents.
Effect of nitrogen reduction on the remobilization of post‐anthesis assimilates to grain and grain‐filling characteristics in a drip‐irrigated spring wheat system
Authors: Ouyang Xueying , Jiang Guiying , Liu Jianguo , Wang Haiqi , Wang Rongrong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDrip‐irrigation is a cultivation mode that uses water and fertilizer efficiently and is the main cultivation technique for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. The amount of nitrogen (N) fertilizer used in drip‐irrigated wheat production is strongly connected to land productivity. However, the effect of reduced N application on the translocation of assimilates to grains and grain‐filling in wheat under drip irrigation is unknown. A 2‐yr field experiment (2018–2019) was conducted in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region with two varieties of spring wheat (Xinchun 38 [XC38] and Xinchun 49 [XC49]) and five N application levels (300 [N1], 275 [N2], 250 [N3], 225 [N4], and 0 [N0] kg hm−2). The results showed that N application significantly affected the dry matter accumulation, transport amount, transport rate, and the contribution rate of wheat (stem sheaths, leaves, and spikes). The maximum values of the above parameters of XC38 and XC49 were observed in response to N3 and N4, respectively. In addition, N affected the dry weight and grain‐filling characteristic parameters. Nitrogen affected the rate of grain‐filling during the three periods, with N3 and N4 being the best treatments for XC38 and XC49, respectively. The results of this study provide an understanding of the translocation of assimilates and the grain‐filling characteristics of spring wheat, and the optimum N application levels were different for XC38 and XC49. Among the N treatments in this study, the optimum nitrogen levels were 250 and 225 kg hm−2 for XC38 and XC49, respectively.
Intersymbol interference resilient interleaving architecture for multi‐stream interleaved frequency division multiple access system
Authors: Kumar J. Arun , Stuwart S. Lenty 
Published: November 2022

SummaryA multi‐stream cyclic interleaving architecture for an interleaved frequency division multiple access (IFDMA) system is proposed. The proposed scheme exploits the full benefits of maximal length sequence (
‐sequence), in contrast to single data stream transmission scheme proposed in earlier works, thereby allowing simultaneous transmission of multiple data streams by each user. The cyclic spreading allows the separation of multiple data streams for each user in addition to intersymbol interference (ISI) minimization. The assignment of orthogonal subcarriers to each user compensates multiuser interference (MUI). The increase in the number of data stream transmission improves the data rate of the system. The proposed scheme employs maximal ratio combining (MRC) to maximize the instantaneous signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the multipath signal. The performances of the proposed interleaving scheme are compared with the minimum mean square error frequency domain equalization (MMSE‐FDE)‐based conventional interleaving scheme. Despite the simultaneous transmission of multiple data streams, the proposed scheme retains the performance of single data stream transmission.
Alcohol use disorder is associated with higher risks of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: A study of US insurance claims data
Authors: Zhang Pengyue , Edenberg Howard J. , Nurnberger John , Lai Dongbing , Cheng Feixiong , Liu Yunlong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is on the ascendancy in the US older adult population. The association between AUD and adverse brain outcomes remains inconclusive.MethodIn a retrospective cohort design using US insurance claim data (2007–2020), 129,182 individuals with AUD were matched with 129,182 controls by age, sex, race, and clinical characteristics. We investigated the association between AUD and adverse brain outcomes using Cox analysis, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and log‐rank test.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, AUD was associated with a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease (female adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.68–1.90, p < 0.001; male adjusted HR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.71–1.91, p < 0.001) and a higher risk of Parkinson's disease (female adjusted HR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.32–1.68, p < 0.001; male adjusted HR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.32–1.52, p < 0.001) in the overall sample. In separate analyses of Black, White, and Hispanic individuals, those with AUD had higher risk of Alzheimer's disease (adjusted HRs ≥1.58; Ps ≤ 0.001). A significantly elevated risk for Parkinson's disease was found only in the White subpopulation (female adjusted HR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.36–1.77, p < 0.001; male adjusted HR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.33–1.57, p < 0.001).ConclusionsAUD is associated with Alzheimer's disease. AUD is associated with Parkinson's disease in White people. Cognitive screening and neurological examination among older adults with AUD hold the promise for early detection of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.HIGHLIGHTS
Alcohol use disorder is associated with Alzheimer's disease and dementia.
Alcohol use disorder is associated with Parkinson's disease in White people.
Habitual night waking associates with dynamics of waking cortical theta power in infancy
Authors: Gossé Louisa K. , Wiesemann Frank , Elwell Clare E. , Jones Emily J. H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe implications of the substantial individual differences in infant sleep for early brain development remain unclear. Here, we examined whether night sleep quality relates to daytime brain activity, operationalized through measures of EEG theta power and its dynamic modulation, which have been previously linked to later cognitive development. For this longitudinal study, 76 typically developing infants were studied (age: 4–14 months, 166 individual study visits) over the course of 6 months with one, two, three, or four lab visits. Habitual sleep was measured with a 7‐day sleep diary and actigraphy, and the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. Twenty‐channel EEG was recorded while infants watched multiple rounds of videos of women singing nursery rhymes; oscillatory power in the theta band was extracted. Key metrics were average theta across stimuli and the slope of change in theta within the first novel movie. Both objective and subjective sleep assessment methods showed a relationship between more night waking and higher overall theta power and reduced dynamic modulation of theta over the course of the novel video stimuli. These results may indicate altered learning and consolidation in infants with more disrupted night sleep, which may have implications for cognitive development.
Effect of beta‐blocker therapy on the response to mavacamten in patients with symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wheeler Matthew T. , Jacoby Daniel , Elliott Perry M. , Saberi Sara , Hegde Sheila M. , Lakdawala Neal K. , Myers Jonathan , Sehnert Amy J. , Edelberg Jay M. , Li Wanying , Olivotto Iacopo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsIn the EXPLORER‐HCM trial, mavacamten improved exercise capacity and symptoms in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (oHCM). Mavacamten effects on the primary endpoint, a composite of peak oxygen consumption (VO2) and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, were greater in patients not receiving background beta‐blockers than in those receiving beta‐blockers. We sought to determine if the effect of background treatment was consistent across other clinically meaningful parameters.Methods and resultsSubgroup analyses by beta‐blocker use were performed in patients with oHCM from the EXPLORER‐HCM and mavacamten long‐term extension (MAVA‐LTE) studies. In EXPLORER‐HCM, 189 patients (75.3%) were receiving beta‐blockers, and 62 (24.7%) were receiving non‐dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers or no background HCM medication; 170 patients (90.4%) receiving beta‐blockers had chronotropic incompetence. Improvements in peak VO2 at week 30 with mavacamten versus placebo were lower with beta‐blockers (mean difference [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.04 [0.12, 1.95] ml/kg/min) than without beta‐blockers (mean difference [95% CI]: 2.69 [1.29, 4.09] ml/kg/min); improvements in non‐heart rate‐dependent parameters (VE/VCO2 slope) appeared unaffected by beta‐blockers. Improvements in functional capacity parameters at week 30 with mavacamten versus placebo were independent of beta‐blockade for post‐exercise left ventricular outflow tract gradient (mean difference [95% CI]: −37.9 [−48.0, −27.9] mmHg with beta‐blockers; −33.5 [−53.6, −13.3] mmHg without beta‐blockers), proportion of patients with reduction of ≥1 NYHA class, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire clinical summary scores and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide. Mavacamten benefits were reproduced and maintained in MAVA‐LTE regardless of beta‐blockade.ConclusionMavacamten improved measures of functional capacity, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, symptom burden and biomarkers in patients with HCM regardless of beta‐blocker use. Beta‐blocker use was often associated with chronotropic incompetence, affecting peak VO2 and other heart rate‐dependent measures, but had minimal impact on heart rate‐independent measures.