bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Send My Information”: Increasing public accessibility to clinical trials by facilitating participant expression of interest
Authors: Dunkel Leah , Byrne Loretta M. , Olson Erik , Russell Michael , Tan Jason , Phillips Kaysi , Wilkins Consuelo H. , Harris Paul A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
The process of identifying and connecting with clinical trial study teams can be challenging and difficult for members of the public. The national volunteer community registry, ResearchMatch, and the public clinical trials search tool, Trials Today, work in tandem to bridge this connection by providing a streamlined process for potential participants to identify clinical trials which may be of interest.

Methods:
Building on the existing infrastructure of ResearchMatch and Trials Today, we created a mechanism by which the public can request that their basic contact information (e.g., email/phone) be securely shared with any actively recruiting clinical trial, including trials with no existing relationship with ResearchMatch.

Results:
Within the first 2 years of use (July 2019–July 2021), ResearchMatch Volunteers sent 12,251 requests to study teams. On average, 20% of these requests were accepted by the study teams.

Conclusions:
The utilization of this tool indicates that there is active interest among members of the public to independently contact study teams about trials of interest. Additionally, research teams unaffiliated with ResearchMatch are willing to at minimum accept contact information. This allows ResearchMatch to successfully serve as a medium, connecting members of the public with actively recruiting trials.
The Records of the Human Sciences Research Council
Authors: Maaba Brown 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) is South Africa’s foremost non-teaching social science research body. In this paper, the author gives an overview of its records, recently uncovered in the institution’s building in Pretoria. To academics, policy makers, and all those interested in South Africa’s intellectual and institutional history, these records are important in seeking to understanding the HSRC itself and other apartheid institutions. In addition, exploration of its history can, amongst other things, help to shape policy in liberated South Africa towards higher educational and research institutions in the light of their historical legacy of apartheid and segregation. The author cautions that, as researchers embark upon exploring the history of the HSRC, they should avoid romanticizing it but rather confront its nuances and challenges head on.
LioNeo project: a randomised double-blind clinical trial for nutrition of very-low-birth-weight infants
Authors: Nogueira-Pileggi Vicky , Achcar Maria Carolina , Carmona Fábio , Carnevale da Silva Adriana , Aragon Davi Casale , da Veiga Ued Fabio , Moraes de Oliveira Mariana , Mara Monti Fonseca Luciana , Garcia Alves Larissa , Silva Bomfim Vanessa , Beltramini Trevilato Tania Maria , Condé Brondi Delácio Mayara , Takeko Amorim Minakawa de Freitas Cyntia , dos Santos Porto Viviane , de Castro Barbosa Leonello Daniela , de Paiva Martins Natalia , Gasparini Marigheti Brassaro Heloisa , Muyssi-Pinhata Marisa Márcia , Camelo Junior José Simon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe assessed the effectiveness of lyophilised banked human milk (HM) as a fortifier to feed very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBWI). This study aimed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of HM with HM lyophilisate as an additive compared with the standard additive (cows’ milk protein). In this phase I double-blind randomised controlled clinical trial, set in the intensive and intermediate care units of a tertiary hospital, forty VLBWI were enrolled and allocated into two groups: HM plus HM lyophilisate (LioNeo) or HM plus commercial additive (HMCA). The inclusion criteria were preterm infants, birth weight 750–1500 g, small or adequate for gestational age, exclusively receiving donor HM, volume ≥ 100 ml/kg per d and haemodynamically stable. Participants were followed up for 21 consecutive days. The primary outcome measures were necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), late-onset sepsis (LOS), death, gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding or perforation, diarrhoea, regurgitation, vomiting and abdominal distension. The LioNeo and HMCA groups had similar weights at baseline. The regression models showed no differences between the groups in terms of the primary outcomes. Diarrhoea, GI perforation, NEC and LOS were absent in the LioNeo group (one LOS and one NEC in the HMCA group). Multiple regression analysis with the total volume of milk as a covariate did not show significant differences. The lyophilisation of donor HM was considered safe and tolerable for use in stable haemodynamically VLBWI.
Understanding Ambivalent Sexism and its Relationship with Electoral Choice in Britain
Authors: de Geus Roosmarijn , Ralph-Morrow Elizabeth , Shorrocks Rosalind 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe investigate the prevalence and correlates of sexism in the British political context, using a measure of ambivalent sexism that distinguishes between hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes. Drawing on original data from two nationally representative online surveys, we find that more than half of the population hold some sexist attitudes and that these are predicted by gender, education, religiosity and authoritarian values. We demonstrate that the most significant division in sexist attitudes within the British electorate falls along political rather than gender lines, with men and women expressing more similar views about sexism than either Conservative and Labour voters, or Leave and Remain supporters. We also find that endorsing hostile sexism is associated with voting Conservative in the 2019 general election, even after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and political values. Our findings reveal that sexism is important for political competition in contexts where gender is not obviously salient.
Psychopathology in adults with copy number variants
Authors: Adams Rachael L. , Baird Alister , Smith Jacqueline , Williams Nigel , van den Bree Marianne B. M. , Linden David E. J. , Owen Michael J. , Hall Jeremy , Linden Stefanie C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCopy number variants (CNVs) have been associated with the risk of schizophrenia, autism and intellectual disability. However, little is known about their spectrum of psychopathology in adulthood.MethodsWe investigated the psychiatric phenotypes of adult CNV carriers and compared probands, who were ascertained through clinical genetics services, with carriers who were not. One hundred twenty-four adult participants (age 18–76), each bearing one of 15 rare CNVs, were recruited through a variety of sources including clinical genetics services, charities for carriers of genetic variants, and online advertising. A battery of psychiatric assessments was used to determine psychopathology.ResultsThe frequencies of psychopathology were consistently higher for the CNV group compared to general population rates. We found particularly high rates of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) (48%), mood disorders (42%), anxiety disorders (47%) and personality disorders (73%) as well as high rates of psychiatric multimorbidity (median number of diagnoses: 2 in non-probands, 3 in probands). NDDs [odds ratio (OR) = 4.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32–16.51; p = 0.017) and psychotic disorders (OR = 6.8, 95% CI 1.3–36.3; p = 0.025) occurred significantly more frequently in probands (N = 45; NDD: 39[87%]; psychosis: 8[18%]) than non-probands (N = 79; NDD: 20 [25%]; psychosis: 3[4%]). Participants also had somatic diagnoses pertaining to all organ systems, particularly conotruncal cardiac malformations (in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome specifically), musculoskeletal, immunological, and endocrine diseases.ConclusionsAdult CNV carriers had a markedly increased rate of anxiety and personality disorders not previously reported and high rates of psychiatric multimorbidity. Our findings support in-depth psychiatric and medical assessments of carriers of CNVs and the establishment of multidisciplinary clinical services.
Unusually large components in near-critical Erdős–Rényi graphs via ballot theorems
Authors: De Ambroggio Umberto , Roberts Matthew I. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe consider the near-critical Erdős–Rényi random graph G(n, p) and provide a new probabilistic proof of the fact that, when p is of the form
$p=p(n)=1/n+\lambda/n^{4/3}$
and A is large,

\begin{equation*}\mathbb{P}(|\mathcal{C}_{\max}|>An^{2/3})\asymp A^{-3/2}e^{-\frac{A^3}{8}+\frac{\lambda A^2}{2}-\frac{\lambda^2A}{2}},\end{equation*}
where
$\mathcal{C}_{\max}$
is the largest connected component of the graph. Our result allows A and
$\lambda$
to depend on n. While this result is already known, our proof relies only on conceptual and adaptable tools such as ballot theorems, whereas the existing proof relies on a combinatorial formula specific to Erdős–Rényi graphs, together with analytic estimates.
Pension fund board governance and asset allocation: evidence from Switzerland
Authors: Bregnard Nadège , Salva Carolina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe study whether pension fund board governance relates to asset allocation. Pension funds with well-governed boards have greater international diversification, lower cash holdings, and, when pension funds are small, invest more in risky assets. In particular, pension fund boards that establish comprehensive investment policies invest more in equities, in foreign assets, and hold less cash. We argue that a comprehensive investment policy is likely to serve as a proxy for the financial expertise available to the fund while it provides the set up to facilitate decision making. Finally, we further show that the presence of external financial experts is also associated with lower cash holdings.
Combining stale seedbed with deep rice planting: a novel approach to herbicide resistance management?
Authors: Ceseski Alex R. , Godar Amar S. , Al-Khatib Kassim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWater seeding is a common cropping strategy in mechanized rice systems. Water seeding of rice can suppress grass weeds, but it can also encourage aquatic weeds and grass ecotypes that escape deep floodwater. In addition, water seeding prevents many cultural methods of weed control and limits available herbicides. Selection pressure from a limited palette of herbicides has resulted in widespread resistance in rice grown in California. This study examined a novel combination of drill seeding and a stale seedbed (“stale-drill”) as a means of using a nonselective herbicide to manage weeds before rice emergence. In 2016 and 2017, rice cultivar ‘M-206’ was drilled at a rate of 120 kg ha−1 to 1.3-cm, 2.5-cm, and 5.1-cm depths. Planting rice deeper than 1.3 cm delayed emergence by 3 to 4 d. A postplant-burndown (PPB) treatment of glyphosate at 870 g ha−1 was applied just prior to rice emergence. Treatment delays had mixed effects on weed control. PPB treatment was more effective at controlling Echinochloa spp. in 2017, reducing density by 30%, 48%, and 73% at 1.3-cm, 2.5-cm, and 5.1-cm seeding depths, respectively. The greatest overall weed control either year was found with applications of glyphosate + pendimethalin followed by penoxsulam + cyhalofop at 1.3-cm planting depth. Rice stand and yield components were more strongly affected by planting depth in 2017 than in 2016, possibly owing to cool weather immediately after seeding. Yields in 2017 were reduced in deeper plantings by up to 72%. Therefore, if the stale-drill method is implemented with higher-vigor cultivars or higher seeding rates, we see potential in this method as a useful tool for reducing herbicide-resistant weeds in rice fields.
High‐Resolution Climate Projections Over Minnesota for the 21st Century
Authors: Liess Stefan , Twine Tracy E. , Snyder Peter K. , Hutchison William D. , Konar‐Steenberg Gabriel , Keeler Bonnie L. , Brauman Kate A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMinnesota is the state with the strongest winter warming in the contiguous United States. We performed regional climate projections at 10 km horizontal resolution using the Weather Research Forecasting model forced with eight CMIP5 GCMs. The selected GCMs have previously been found to be in relatively good agreement with observations over Minnesota compared to other members of the CMIP5 model ensemble. Our projections suggest ongoing warming in all seasons, especially in winter, as well as shallower snow depth and fewer days with snow cover. We expect significant increases in spring and early summer heavy precipitation events. Our comparisons between different time slices and two different emission scenarios indicate a climate for the state of Minnesota near the end of the 21st century that is significantly different from what has been observed by the end of the 20th century. Winters and summers are expected to be up to 6 and 4°C warmer, respectively, over northern and central Minnesota, and spring precipitation may increase by more than 1 mm d−1 over northern Minnesota. Especially over the central part of the state, winter snow depth is projected to decrease by more than 12 cm, and the number of days per year with snow depth of more than 2.54 cm (one inch) is expected to decrease by up to 55.
Viscosity of Fe‐Ni‐C Liquids up to Core Pressures and Implications for Dynamics of Planetary Cores
Authors: Zhu Feng , Lai Xiaojing , Wang Jianwei , Williams Quentin , Liu Jiachao , Kono Yoshio , Chen Bin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe viscosity of iron alloy liquids is the key for the core dynamo and core‐mantle differentiation of terrestrial bodies. Here we measured the viscosity of Fe‐Ni‐C liquids up to 7 GPa using the floating sphere viscometry method and up to 330 GPa using first‐principles calculations. We found a viscosity increase at ∼3–5 GPa, coincident with a structural transition in the liquids. After the transition, the viscosity reaches ∼14–27 mPa·s, a factor of 2–4 higher than that of Fe and Fe‐S liquids. Our computational results from 5 to 330 GPa also indicate a high viscosity of the Fe‐Ni‐C liquids. For a carbon‐rich core in large terrestrial body, the level of turbulence in the outer core would be lessened approaching the inner core boundary. It is also anticipated that Fe‐Ni‐C liquids would percolate in Earth's deep silicate mantle at a much slower speed than Fe and Fe‐S liquids.
Ice Sheet Surface and Subsurface Melt Water Discrimination Using Multi‐Frequency Microwave Radiometry
Authors: Colliander Andreas , Mousavi Mohammad , Marshall Shawn , Samimi Samira , Kimball John S. , Miller Julie Z. , Johnson Joel , Burgin Mariko 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFor understanding englacial hydrology and its impact on ice sheet mass balance, observations of the liquid water content (LWC) within the ice sheets are needed. We combined 1.4–10.7 GHz passive microwave measurements with traditional 18.7–36.5 GHz measurements to detect subsurface LWC. In situ measurements from the DYE‐2 experiment site in Greenland and a modeled LWC at this site were used to calibrate and validate the method. Our analysis showed sensitivity of the lower microwave frequencies to LWC in surface and subsurface layers down to at least 2 m, enabling detection of seasonal subsurface LWC and its refreezing. A simplified retrieval detected a delayed refreezing of subsurface LWC following surface freezing, while also capturing total seasonal meltwater production. These advancements open the door to detection of subsurface meltwater and refreezing twice a day at pan‐Greenland scale, thereby enabling improved estimates of ice sheet contributions to global sea level rise.
Global Asymmetries of Hot Flow Anomalies
Authors: Lin Yu , Wang Xueyi , Sibeck David G. , Wang Chih‐Ping , Lee Sun‐Hee 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA three‐dimensional global hybrid simulation is conducted for the interaction of the Earth's bow shock with an interplanetary directional tangential discontinuity (TD) whose normal lies in the equatorial plane. Although the convection electric field points into the TD from its trailing side both north and south of the equator, the interaction only generates a hot flow anomaly (HFA) in the southern hemisphere. HFA generation results from bow shock‐reflected ions energized by the inward‐pointing electric field on one side of the TD and inward ion gyration on the other side. The latter only occurs south of the equator due to the global bow shock geometry. The global HFA asymmetry is driven by a reversal in the north‐south component of reflected ion velocities in the two hemispheres, such that ions gyrate into (away from) the TD in the southern (northern) hemisphere. Our results indicate HFAs must generally exhibit north‐south and dawn‐dusk asymmetries.
Wetting Dynamics of Spontaneous Imbibition in Porous Media: From Pore Scale to Darcy Scale
Authors: Qin Chao‐Zhong , Wang Xin , Hefny Mahmoud , Zhao Jianlin , Chen Sidian , Guo Bo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSpontaneous imbibition plays an important role in many subsurface and industrial applications. Unveiling pore‐scale wetting dynamics, and particularly its upscaling to the Darcy model, are still unresolved. We conduct image‐based pore‐network modeling of cocurrent spontaneous imbibition and the corresponding quasi‐static imbibition in homogeneous sintered glass beads and heterogeneous Estaillades carbonate. We find that pore‐scale heterogeneity significantly influences entrapment of the nonwetting fluid, which in Estaillades is mainly because of the poor connectivity of pores. We show that wetting dynamics significantly deviates capillary pressure and relative permeability away from their quasi‐static counterparts. Moreover, we propose a nonequilibrium model for wetting permeability that well incorporates flow dynamics. We implement the nonequilibrium model into two‐phase Darcy modeling of a 10 cm long medium. Sharp wetting fronts are numerically predicted, which are in good agreement with experimental observations. Our studies provide insights into developing a two‐phase imbibition model with measurable material properties.
CMIP6 Simulations With the CMCC Earth System Model (CMCC‐ESM2)
Authors: Lovato T. , Peano D. , Butenschön M. , Materia S. , Iovino D. , Scoccimarro E. , Fogli P. G. , Cherchi A. , Bellucci A. , Gualdi S. , Masina S. , Navarra A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article introduces the second generation CMCC Earth System Model (CMCC‐ESM2) that extends a number of marine and terrestrial biogeochemical processes with respect to its CMIP5 predecessor. In particular, land biogeochemistry was extended to a wider set of carbon pools and plant functional types, along with a prognostic representation of the nitrogen cycle. The marine ecosystem representation was reshaped toward an intermediate complexity of lower trophic level interactions, including an interactive benthic compartment and a new formulation of heterotrophic bacterial population. Details are provided on the model setup and implementation for the different experiments performed as contribution to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. CMCC‐ESM2 shows an equilibrium climate sensitivity of 3.57°C and a transient climate response of 1.97°C which are close to the CMIP5 and CMIP6 multi‐model averages. The evaluation of the coupled climate‐carbon response in the historical period against available observational datasets show a consistent representation of both physical and biogeochemical quantities. However, the land carbon sink is found to be weaker than the current global carbon estimates and the simulated marine primary production is slightly below the satellite‐based average over recent decades. Future projections coherently show a prominent global warming over the northern hemisphere with intensified precipitations at high latitudes. The expected ranges of variability for oceanic pH and oxygen, as well as land carbon and nitrogen soil storage, compare favorably with those assessed from other CMIP6 models.
Bidirectional River‐Floodplain Connectivity During Combined Pluvial‐Fluvial Events
Authors: Tull Nelson , Passalacqua Paola , Hassenruck‐Gudipati Hima J. , Rahman Shazzadur , Wright Kyle , Hariharan Jayaram , Mohrig David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHydrologic connectivity controls the lateral exchange of water, solids, and solutes between rivers and floodplains, and is critical to ecosystem function, water treatment, flood attenuation, and geomorphic processes. This connectivity has been well‐studied, typically through the lens of fluvial flooding. In regions prone to heavy rainfall, the timing and magnitude of lateral exchange may be altered by pluvial flooding on the floodplain. We collected measurements of flow depth and velocity in the Trinity River floodplain in coastal Texas (USA) during Tropical Storm Imelda (2019), which produced up to 75 cm of rainfall locally. We developed a two‐dimensional hydrodynamic model at high resolution for a section of the Trinity River floodplain inspired by the compound flooding of Imelda. We then employed Lagrangian particle routing to quantify how residence times and particle velocities changed as flooding shifted from rainfall‐driven to river‐driven. Results show that heavy rainfall initiated lateral exchange before river discharge reached flood levels. The presence of rainwater also reduced floodplain storage, causing river water to be confined to a narrow corridor on the floodplain, while rainwater residence times were increased from the effect of high river flow. Finally, we analyzed the role of floodplain channels in facilitating surface‐water connectivity by varying model resolution in the floodplain. While the resolution of floodplain channels was important locally, it did not affect as much the overall floodplain behavior. This study demonstrates the complexity of floodplain hydrodynamics under conditions of heavy rainfall, with implications for sediment deposition and nutrient removal during floods.
Structure of infective Getah virus at 2.8 Å resolution determined by cryo-electron microscopy
Authors: Wang Aojie , Zhou Feng , Liu Congcong , Gao Dongsheng , Qi Ruxi , Yin Yiheng , Liu Sheng , Gao Yuanzhu , Fu Lutang , Xia Yinhe , Xu Yawei , Wang Chuanqing , Liu Zheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGetah virus (GETV), a member of the genus alphavirus, is a mosquito-borne pathogen that can cause pyrexia and reproductive losses in animals. Although antibodies to GETV have been found in over 10% of healthy people, there are no reports of clinical symptoms associated with GETV. The biological and pathological properties of GETV are largely unknown and antiviral or vaccine treatments against GETV are still unavailable due to a lack of knowledge of the structure of the GETV virion. Here, we present the structure of infective GETV at a resolution of 2.8 Å with the atomic models of the capsid protein and the envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2. We have identified numerous glycosylation and S-acylation sites in E1 and E2. The surface-exposed glycans indicate a possible impact on viral immune evasion and host cell invasion. The S-acylation sites might be involved in stabilizing the transmembrane assembly of E1 and E2. In addition, a cholesterol and a phospholipid molecule are observed in a transmembrane hydrophobic pocket, together with two more cholesterols surrounding the pocket. The cholesterol and phospholipid stabilize the hydrophobic pocket in the viral envelope membrane. The structural information will assist structure-based antiviral and vaccine screening, design, and optimization.