bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food for thought: Eating before saliva collection and interference with SARS‐CoV‐2 detection
Authors: Hernandez Matthew M. , Riollano‐Cruz Mariawy , Boyle Mary C. , Banu Radhika , Shrestha Paras , Gray Brandon , Cao Liyong , Chen Feng , Shi Huanzhi , Paniz‐Perez Daniel E. , Paniz‐Perez Paul A. , Rishi Aryan L. , Dubinsky Jacob , Dubinsky Dylan , Dubinsky Owen , Baine Sophie , Baine Lily , Arinsburg Suzanne , Baine Ian , Ramirez Juan David , Cordon‐Cardo Carlos , Sordillo Emilia Mia , Paniz‐Mondolfi Alberto E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSaliva is a promising specimen for the detection of viruses that cause upper respiratory infections including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) due to its cost‐effectiveness and noninvasive collection. However, together with intrinsic enzymes and oral microbiota, children's unique dietary habits may introduce substances that interfere with diagnostic testing. To determine whether children's dietary choices impact SARS‐CoV‐2 molecular detection in saliva, we performed a diagnostic study that simulates testing of real‐life specimens provided from healthy children (n = 5) who self‐collected saliva at home before and at 0, 20, and 60 min after eating 20 foods they selected. Each of 72 specimens was split into two volumes and spiked with SARS‐CoV‐2‐negative or SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive clinical standards before side‐by‐side testing by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight (RT‐PCR/MALDI‐TOF) assay. Detection of internal extraction control and SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acids was reduced in replicates of saliva collected at 0 min after eating 11 of 20 foods. Interference resolved at 20 and 60 min after eating all foods except hot dogs in one participant. This represented a significant improvement in the detection of nucleic acids compared to saliva collected at 0 min after eating (p = 0.0005). We demonstrate successful detection of viral nucleic acids in saliva self‐collected by children before and after eating a variety of foods. Fasting is not required before saliva collection for SARS‐CoV‐2 testing by RT‐PCR/MALDI‐TOF, but waiting for 20 min after eating is sufficient for accurate testing. These findings should be considered for SARS‐CoV‐2 testing and broader viral diagnostics in saliva specimens.
Tau nuclear translocation is a leading step in tau pathology process through P53 stabilization and nucleolar dispersion
Authors: Roqanian Shaqayeq , Ahmadian Shahin , Nabavi Seyed Masood , Pakdaman Hossein , Shafiezadeh Mahshid , Goudarzi Ghazaleh , Shahpasand Koorosh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTau protein abnormalities are associated with various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). In tau‐overexpressing SHSY5Y cells and iPSC‐derived neuron models of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), axonal tau translocates into the nuclear compartment, resulting in neuronal dysfunction. Despite extensive research, the mechanisms by which tau translocation results in neurodegeneration remain elusive thus far. We studied the nuclear displacement of different P‐tau species [Cis phosphorylated Thr231‐tau (cis P‐tau), phosphorylated Ser202/Thr205‐tau (AT8 P‐tau), and phosphorylated Thr212/Ser214‐tau (AT100 P‐tau)] at various time points using starvation in primary cortical neurons and single severe TBI (ssTBI) in male mouse cerebral cortices as tauopathy models. While all P‐tau species translocated into the somatodendritic compartment in response to stress, cis P‐tau did so more rapidly than the other species. Notably, nuclear localization of P‐tau was associated with p53 apoptotic stabilization and nucleolar stress, both of which resulted in neurodegeneration. In summary, our findings indicate that P‐tau nuclear translocation results in p53‐dependent apoptosis and nucleolar dispersion, which is consistent with neurodegeneration.
Selective access to novel aryl alkyl disulfonates via photosulfochlorination process: An eco‐benign approach to a highly active class of surfactants
Authors: Daoudi Hadda , Sehailia Moussa , Tazerouti Amel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work we report the synthesis of a new family of surfactants based on aryl alkyl disulfonates; the latter compounds were derived from a mixture of linear alkylbenzene with the resulting disulfonate groups residing on the linear alkyl side‐chain rather than the usual aromatic ring structure. The Reed sulfochlorination reaction was successfully utilized to selectively promote the formation of disulfonates on the alkyl group. A number of analytical methods in the form of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were used to characterize the resulting compounds and intermediates. The critical micelle concentration, the surface tension at the critical micelle concentration, the surface excess concentration at surface tension, and the area per molecule were measured at different concentrations and temperatures. Thermodynamic parameters and Krafft temperature were also determined. The obtained results were compared to those of commercial n‐dodecylbenzene sulfonates and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates surfactants, showing that these new synthesized surfactants present good surface properties.
A study on corrosion mechanism of 15CrMo in saline (Na2SO4) steam at high temperature
Authors: Bai Bing , Deng Lei , Che Defu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo clarify the corrosion mechanism of 15CrMo in saline (Na2SO4) steam, the experiments were conducted on a novel setup. The samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicate that insoluble sulfide, FexSy, would form on the gas‐phase corroded surface while it would not occur on the liquid‐phase corroded surface. The salinity of water/steam has a destructive effect on hydrogen bonds. Compared with deionized steam/water, salinity accelerates the corrosion of steel in two ways electric current intensification in primary cell and energy promotion of the solution system. FeOOH does not change obviously with the increase of salt concentration. The relative variation values of FeOOH content with salt concentration are only 2.43% (gas) and 3.40% (liquid), respectively. Besides, the FeOOH content on the liquid‐phase corroded surface is much greater than that on the gas‐phase corroded surface regardless of the salt concentration. The content of Fe3O4in the gas/liquid phase decreases from 17.01%/24.58% to 6.02%/18.30%. The Fe2O3content in the gas/liquid phase increases from 40.12%/9.85% to 73.62%/17.05%.
Effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate and zinc chloride mouthwashes in the treatment of oral mucositis and quality of life in patients with cancer under chemotherapy
Authors: Mohammadi Fateme , Oshvandi Khodayar , Kamallan Seyed Ramesh , Khazaei Salman , Ranjbar Hossein , Ahmadi‐Motamayel Fatemeh , Gillespie Mark , Jenabi Ensiyeh , Vafaei Seyed Yaser 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimThe purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate and zinc chloride mouthwashes on oral mucositis and quality of life in patients undergoing chemotherapy.DesignThe present study was a randomized controlled trial study.MethodsOne hundred forty‐four patients with a cancer diagnosis were randomly assigned into three groups: sodium bicarbonate mouthwash (n = 48), zinc chloride mouthwash (n = 48) and placebo group (n = 48). The severity of mucositis and quality of life were examined blindly at the baseline and 3‐week follow‐up.ResultsThe grade of oral mucositis decreased at the end of the third weeks in the sodium bicarbonate and zinc chloride groups rather than the placebo group (p < .001). The severity of oral mucositis in the sodium bicarbonate and zinc chloride groups decreased from end of the first week until third week (p < .001). In addition, there was significant difference in the severity of oral mucositis among the groups at the end of the second (p = .014) and the third weeks (p < .001). Also, there was a statistically significant difference in quality of life scores between the sodium bicarbonate and zinc chloride mouthwash with the placebo group (p < .001).ConclusionZinc chloride and sodium bicarbonate mouthwashes were effective in treating and reducing the severity of oral mucositis, and subsequently improving quality of life in patients with cancer under chemotherapy. Therefore, we can recommend zinc chloride and sodium bicarbonate at the beginning of chemotherapy to improve oral health and promoting quality of life in these patients.
Sustained release of Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract can induce a continuous and stable IgA deposition model
Authors: Wan Feng , Wang Hui , Wang Manliu , Lv Jicheng , Zhao Minghui , Zhang Hong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMucosal immune regulation is considered a key aspect of immunopathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Direct experimental evidence clarifying the role of intestinal mucosa attributes in IgAN is lacking. In this study, a mouse model was established via multiple low‐dose intraperitoneal injections of Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract (LCWE) emulsified with Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). We found continuous and stable deposition of IgA in glomerular mesangial areas, accompanying high circulating levels of IgA and IgA–IgG complexes. Expression of the key extracellular matrix components collagen IV and fibronectin also increased in the mesangial areas of LCWE‐induced mice. IgA+B220+ B‐cell proportion increased in the small intestine (SI), Peyer's patches, inguinal lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow. The intestinal barrier was dysfunctional in the LCWE‐induced mice, and consistent with this, higher levels of serum zonulin (namely prehaptoglobin‐2), a regulator of epithelial and endothelial barrier function, were observed in patients with IgAN. Hematoxylin and eosin staining results indicated that immune tissues such as liver, spleen, and lymph nodes showed an inflammatory response and focal lesions. Glucocorticoid methylprednisolone treatment could alleviate serum IgA and IgA–IgG complex levels and mesangial IgA deposition. Taken together, our results indicate that we have successfully constructed a mouse model with IgA deposition in the mesangial areas of the glomeruli and provide evidence for the connection between the intestinal barrier and elevated circulating IgA and IgA–IgG in IgAN. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Clinically relevant DNA viruses in pregnancy
Authors: Linthorst Jasper , Welkers Matthijs R. A. , Sistermans Erik A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInfections by DNA viruses during pregnancy are associated with increased health risks to both mother and fetus. Although not all DNA viruses are related to an increased risk of complications during pregnancy, several can directly infect the fetus and/or cause placental dysfunction. During Non‐Invasive Prenatal Testing analysis, the presence of viral DNA can be detected, theoretically allowing screening early in pregnancy. Although treatment options are currently limited, this might rapidly change in the near future. It is therefore important to be aware of the potential impact of these viruses on feto‐maternal health. In this manuscript we provide a brief introduction into the most commonly detected DNA viruses in human cell‐free DNA sequencing experiments and their pathogenic potential during pregnancy.
Registration of two oilseed sunflower germplasms HA‐DM7 and HA‐DM8 resistant to sunflower downy mildew
Authors: Ma Guojia , Seiler Gerald , Qi Lili 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDowny mildew (DM) is one of the most destructive diseases in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) production worldwide that limits yield and reduces seed quality. The oilseed sunflower germplasms HA‐DM7 (Reg. no. GP‐375, PI 691508) and HA‐DM8 (Reg. no. GP‐376, PI 698192) were developed using backcrossing, pedigree breeding, and DNA marker‐assisted selection for DM resistance. They were released by the USDA‐ARS, Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit in collaboration with the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station in July 2019 and March 2020, respectively. HA‐DM7 is a BC2F3‐derived BC2F4 oilseed maintainer selection from the cross of HA 89*2//NMS HA 89/PI 494578, and HA‐DM8 is a BC2F5‐derived BC2F6 oilseed maintainer selection from the cross of HA 89*2//NMS HA 89/PI 494576. HA‐DM7 harbors the DM R gene Pl20 mapped to sunflower chromosome 8, while HA‐DM8 harbors the DM R gene Pl35 on sunflower chromosome 1. Both genes were derived from wild sunflower species Helianthus argophyllus accessions, PI 494578 and PI 494576, respectively, both having broad‐spectrum resistance to the most predominant and virulent Plasmopara halstedii races identified in North America and Europe. Phenotypic and molecular testing confirmed that HA‐DM7 and HA‐DM8 germplasms are homozygous for the DM gene. These DM‐resistant oilseed sunflower germplasms will expand the genetic pool for sunflower breeding projects globally, protecting sunflower production from yield losses.
Trace Compound Analysis in TATB by Liquid Chromatography coupled with Spectroscopic and Spectrometric Detection
Authors: Coffee Keith R. , Panasci‐Nott Adele F. , Stewart Benjamin J. , Olivas Jason A. , Williams Audrey M. , Reynolds John G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAccurate quantitation of 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (TATB) is important because of its strategic use as an energetic material. A purity determination is also needed for the proper assessment of performance. A fast and sensitive method has been developed to measure the purity of TATB in polymer‐bonded materials. The target material is extracted with DMSO, and the extract is separated on a reversed‐phase chromatography column. The column effluent is monitored by diode array detection (DAD) at 354 nm. The characteristic UV‐Vis response and retention time identify the individual components when compared to pure compound standards. The chemical structures of compounds with no pure standards available have been determined by high‐resolution mass spectrometry (MS) and MS/MS. The major component, TATB, along with 1‐chloro‐3,5‐dinitro‐2,4,6‐triaminobenzene (T4A) and mono‐benzofuroxan (FX1) were quantitated directly from pure compound standards. Several trace concentration components, mono‐benzofurazan (F1), 1‐bromo‐3,5‐dinitro‐2,4,6‐triaminobenzene (Br‐T4A), 2,4,6‐triamino‐1‐nitroso‐3,5‐dinitrobenzene (MN‐TATB), 2,4,6‐triamino‐1‐hydroxyl‐3,5‐dinitrobenzene (HO‐TATB), and 2,4,6‐triamino‐1‐nitrile‐3,5‐dinitrobenzene (Nitrile‐TATB) were also detected and structures verified via MS/MS. Approximate concentrations were determined using calibrations from standards of similar structures. Additional trace components were also detected by MS. Contained herein are the results of analyses of TATB‐based materials characterized for polymer‐bonded formulations compared to different preparations of TATB. The accuracy, details, and process of developing this method are reported here.
A reliability modeling method for the system subject to common cause failures and competing failures
Authors: Zeng Yining , Sun Youchao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCompeting failures are time domain contention situations between the propagated failures (PFs) that originate from dependent components and the failure isolation caused by the trigger component. The methods based on combinatorial analysis commonly used in the analysis of competing failures require a complicated formula derivation and model reduction process. This paper proposes an integrated model based on generalized stochastic Petri nets (GSPNs) for analyzing the competing failures in the system, and further considers the effect of common cause failures (CCFs). The proposed modeling method inherits the advantages of GSPNs and provides a simplified method to compute the reliability of systems, which affect by competing failures and CCFs. Finally, the proposed method is applied in the flight control system (FCS) and demonstrated by the efficient decomposition and aggregation (EDA) method and combinatorial analysis method.
Atmospheric pressure matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of engine oil additive components
Authors: Ramopoulou Lamprini , Widder Lukas , Brenner Josef , Ristic Andjelka , Allmaier Günter 
Published: February 2022

RationaleThe efficiency of lubricants strongly depends on the content of functional additives. In order to assess the chemical and structural changes taking place in the lubricating oil and its additives during operation, it is essential to develop a method for simple and prompt analysis.MethodsTwo single additives as well as a fully formulated engine oil were analysed using an atmospheric pressure matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (AP‐MALDI) source coupled to a linear trap quadrupole Orbitrap XL hybrid tandem mass spectrometer and compared with results obtained by means of electrospray ionization (ESI) including additional low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (LE‐CID). The identification of additives directly from technical surfaces was simulated by using steel substrates as AP‐MALDI targets with varying roughness.ResultsAfter assessment and selection of the most suited AP‐MALDI matrix it was found that pure additives such as calcium sulfonate and zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDPs) could well be identified with abundant signal intensity based on their elemental composition. Molecular identification was corroborated by LE‐CID in ESI mode. Additionally, additives present in the fully formulated commercial oil such as ZDDPs and salicylates could be reliably identified based on the elemental composition of the deprotonated molecules by means of the Orbitrap unit on different substrates including steel surfaces with high roughness.ConclusionsAP‐MALDI is an efficient technique for determination of lubricant additives directly from commercial oil blends. Identification of additive components was also achieved on steel surfaces with high roughness as applied in tribological systems and thus it is expected that it will be possible to assess additive degradation in real applications, enabling more effective and timely maintenance measures.
Particle swarm optimization for searching efficient experimental designs: A review
Authors: Chen Ping‐Yang , Chen Ray‐Bing , Wong Weng Kee 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe class of nature‐inspired metaheuristic algorithms is increasingly used to tackle all kinds of optimization problems across disciplines. It also plays an important component in artificial intelligence and machine learning. Members in this class are general purpose optimization tools that virtually require no assumptions for them to be applicable. There are many such algorithms, and to fix ideas, we review one of its exemplary members called particle swarm optimization (PSO). We discuss the algorithm, its recent applications to find different types of efficient experimental designs, and provide resources, where codes for PSO and other metaheuristic algorithms and tutorials with examples are available.This article is categorized under:Algorithms and Computational Methods > Genetic Algorithms and Evolutionary Computing
On the use of pride, hope and fear in China’s international artificial intelligence narratives on CGTN
Authors: van Noort Carolijn 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChina communicates strategic narratives about artificial intelligence (AI) in digital media productions to create a shared meaning about its actions and its image in the global race to develop AI. Building upon the literature in emotions and strategic narratives, this study seeks to clarify which emotions are discursively used in China’s international AI narratives, and their function and significance. Specifically, the study investigates emotion discourses in AI-focused videos disseminated on China’s international broadcasting (CGTN YouTube channel). The analysis reveals that pride, hope and fear discourses have multiple functions in China’s international AI narratives on CGTN. Hope is used to represent China as a key competitor in the global AI race, who is catching up to the US. China uses pride to showcase its advances in AI applications, to highlight its transformation of traditional industries, and to identity itself as equal to the US. Fear is used to frame US’s perception of China’s AI developments, to suggest their crisis of confidence, but also to refute the “China threat”. Additionally, the fear discourse is used to deliberate anticipated risks, particularly on job loss and data privacy. These emotion discourses forge China’s identity as a future global AI power. The paper then discusses how these findings contribute to key debates about Chinese discourse and media strategy.
Micropipette-based biomechanical nanotools on living cells
Authors: Wang Haoqing , Zhou Fang , Guo Yuze , Ju Lining Arnold 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMechanobiology is an emerging field at the interface of biology and mechanics, investigating the roles of mechanical forces within biomolecules, organelles, cells, and tissues. As a highlight, the recent advances of micropipette-based aspiration assays and dynamic force spectroscopies such as biomembrane force probe (BFP) provide unprecedented mechanobiological insights with excellent live-cell compatibility. In their classic applications, these assays measure force-dependent ligand–receptor-binding kinetics, protein conformational changes, and cellular mechanical properties such as cortical tension and stiffness. In recent years, when combined with advanced microscopies in high spatial and temporal resolutions, these biomechanical nanotools enable characterization of receptor-mediated cell mechanosensing and subsequent organelle behaviors at single-cellular and molecular level. In this review, we summarize the latest developments of these assays for live-cell mechanobiology studies. We also provide perspectives on their future upgrades with multimodal integration and high-throughput capability.
A Bayesian Modelling Framework for Integration of Ecosystem Services into Freshwater Resources Management
Authors: Bruen Michael , Hallouin Thibault , Christie Michael , Matson Ronan , Siwicka Ewa , Kelly Fiona , Bullock Craig , Feeley Hugh B. , Hannigan Edel , Kelly-Quinn Mary 
Published: February 2022

AbstractModels of ecological response to multiple stressors and of the consequences for ecosystem services (ES) delivery are scarce. This paper describes a methodology for constructing a BBN combining catchment and water quality model output, data, and expert knowledge that can support the integration of ES into water resources management. It proposes “small group” workshop methods for elucidating expert knowledge and analyses the areas of agreement and disagreement between experts. The model was developed for four selected ES and for assessing the consequences of management options relating to no-change, riparian management, and decreasing or increasing livestock numbers. Compared with no-change, riparian management and a decrease in livestock numbers improved the ES investigated to varying degrees. Sensitivity analysis of the expert information in the BBN showed the greatest disagreements between experts were mainly for low probability situations and thus had little impact on the results. Conversely, in our applications, the best agreement between experts tended to occur for the higher probability, more likely, situations. This has implications for the practical use of this type of model to support catchment management decisions. The complexity of the relationship between management measures, the water quality and ecological responses and resulting changes in ES must not be a barrier to making decisions in the present time. The interactions of multiple stressors further complicate the situation. However, management decisions typically relate to the overall character of solutions and not their detailed design, which can follow once the nature of the solution has been chosen, for example livestock management or riparian measures or both.