bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The significance of PAK4 in signaling and clinicopathology: A review
Authors: Yu Xinbo , Huang Changwei , Liu Jiyuan , Shi Xinyu , Li Xiaodong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
P21-activated protein kinases (PAKs) are thought to be at the center of tumor signaling pathways. As a representative member of the group II PAK family, P21-activated protein kinase 4 (PAK4) plays an important role in the development of tumors, with several biological functions such as participating in oncogenic transformation, promoting cell division, resisting aging and apoptosis, regulating cytoskeleton and adhesion, as well as suppressing antitumor immune responses. PAK4 is also crucial in biological processes, including the occurrence, proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, drug resistance, and immune escape of tumor cells. It is closely related to poor prognosis and tumor-related pathological indicators, which have significant clinical and pathological significance. Therefore, this article offers a review of the structure, activation, and biological functions of PAK4 and its clinical and pathological importance. This overview should be of assistance for future research on PAK4 and tumors and provide new ideas for tumor treatment and prognostic evaluation of patients.
FTO gene expression in diet-induced obesity is downregulated by Solanum fruit supplementation
Authors: Asuquo Edeke Affiong , Nwodo Okwesilieze Fred Chiletugo , Assumpta Anosike Chioma , Orizu Uchendu Nene , Oziamara Okoro Nkwachukwu , Solomon Odiba Arome 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Fat Mass and Obesity-associated (FTO) gene has been shown to play an important role in developing obesity, manifesting in traits such as increased body mass index, increased waist-to-hip ratio, and the distribution of adipose tissues, which increases the susceptibility to various metabolic syndromes. In this study, we evaluated the impact of fruit-based diets of Solanum melongena (SMF) and Solanum aethiopicum fruits (SAF) on the FTO gene expression levels in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese animals. Our results showed that the mRNA level of the FTO gene was downregulated in the hypothalamus, and white and brown adipose tissue following three and six weeks of treatment with SMF- and SAF-based diets in the HFD-induced obese animals. Additionally, the Solanum fruit supplementation exhibited a curative effect on obesity-associated abrasions on the white adipose tissue (WAT), hypothalamus, and liver. Our findings collectively suggest the anti-obesity potential of SMF and SAF via the downregulation of the FTO gene.
Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) approach to optimize the photocatalytic conversion of rice straw hydrolysis residue (RSHR) into vanillin and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde
Authors: Ahmad Kaleem , Ghatak Himadri Roy , Ahuja S. M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Effective use of waste lignin is always a challenging task, technologies have been applied in the past to get value-added compounds from waste lignin. However, the existing technologies are not economical and efficient to produce the value-added chemicals. Alkali soluble lignin from rice straw hydrolysis residue (RSHR) is subjected to photocatalytic conversion into value-added compounds. Photocatalysis is one of the multifarious advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), carried out with TiO2 nanoparticles under a 125 W UV bulb. Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GCMS) confirmed the formation of vanillin and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. RSM and ANN techniques are adopted to optimize the process conditions for the maximization of the products. The response one (Y
1) vanillin (24.61 mg) and second response (Y
2) 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (19.51 mg) is obtained at the optimal conditions as 7.0 h irradiation time, 2.763 g/L catalyst dose, 15 g/L lignin concentration, and 14.26 g/L NaOH dose for alkali treatment, suggested by face-centered central composite design (CCD). RSM and ANN models are statistically analyzed in terms of RMSE, R
2 and AAD. For RSM the R
2 0.9864 and 0.9787 while for ANN 0.9875 and 0.9847, closer to one warrant the good fitting of the models. Therefore, in terms of higher precision and predictive ability of both models the ANN model showed excellence for both responses as compared to the RSM model.
Performance optimization of flywheel using experimental design approach
Authors: Abdallah Abdelbaki , Bendaoudi Seif Eddine , Bounazef Mokhtar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The flywheel is the simplest device for mechanical battery that can charge/discharge electricity by converting it into the kinetic energy of a rotating flywheel, and vice versa. The energy storage systems based on flywheel now arousing great interest, since this technology can offer great advantages in durability and lifetime. However, the flywheel performance rotation is limited by the strength of the materials, from which it is constructed, and the geometry. Greater control over those parameters could improve the development of high performance of a flywheel energy storage system (FESS). The main interest of this study is to demonstrate the influence degree of each parameter of geometry by using the mathematical method of design of experiments, in order to be able to optimize the adequate parameters for a high performed shape of the flywheel.
Nationalism in the ‘Nation of Immigrants’: Race, Ethnicity, and National Attachment
Authors: Tafoya Joe R. , Corral Álvaro J. , Leal David L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper compares nationalist attitudes among Whites, Latinos, and African Americans. The research on nationalism and national attachment draws varied conclusions about how race and ethnicity structure such attitudes; some find that Whites have the strongest views, while others see more similarities than differences. Using the General Social Survey of 2014, we examine three separate dimensions of nationalism: American nationalism, American national identity, and American national pride. We test for differences across race and ethnicity as well as how such attitudes structure opinions about immigrants. Despite some expectations in the literature that views might vary by group, we generally find (albeit with some complexities) “minimal effects” of race and ethnicity. Latinos, Blacks, and Whites agree with the three nationalism measures at similar levels, despite the very different national histories of each group. This is consistent with work finding “a great deal of consensus on the norms, values, and behaviors that constitute American identity” (Schildkraut 2007. “Defining American Identity in the Twenty-First Century: How Much “There” Is There?”.”The Journal of Politicsv69 (3): 597–615, 605). In addition, while nationalism is associated with immigration opinions, such effects are predominantly among Whites and African Americans and relatively weak for Latinos.
Duplex Heat Treatment of a Precipitation Hardening Carburising Steel
Authors: Böhle S. I. , Strobl V. , Lechleitner J. , Schnitzer R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article reports the microstructural development of a molybdenum and copper alloyed steel by different thermochemical heat treatments for gears and shafts in automotive applications. The case hardening is compared to a duplex heat treatment consisting of carburising, ageing and plasma nitriding. This study evaluates the microstructure, the surface hardness and hardness profiles. For all applied heat treatment routes, the ageing conditions have a minor influence on the case and core hardness compared to the influence of the carbon concentration. Retained austenite fractions decreased to < 5 % in all duplex heat-treated samples without cryogenic treatment. Material characterisation with optical light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy indicate unwanted phases of nitrogen and carbon-rich precipitates at the grain boundaries after duplex heat treatment. Therefore, the sequence of duplex heat treatment is changed to carburising followed by solely plasma nitriding where the unwanted precipitates are detected only up to a depth of 15‒20 μm from the compound layer.
Corrigendum to: Calibration and Validation of Micromagnetic Data for Non-Destructive Analysis of Near-Surface Properties after Hard Turning
Authors: Wegener T. , Liehr A. , Bolender A. , Degener S. , Wittich F. , Kroll A. , Niendorf T. 
Published: June 2022

Corrigendum to
T. Wegener, A. Liehr, A. Bolender, S. Degener, F. Wittich, A. Kroll, T. Niendorf: Calibration and Validation of Micromagnetic Data for Non-Destructive Analysis of Near-Surface Properties after Hard Turning. HTM J. Heat Treatm. Mat. 77 (2022) 2, pp. 156-172, DOI:10.1515/htm-2021-0023.
Attempting to Mitigate COVID-19: Does the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act Provide Patent Infringement Immunity?
Authors: Higgs Samuel E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article analyzes various legal defenses and immunities against patent infringement liability during COVID-19 under the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act (“PREPA” or “Act”). Although initially enacted in response to the 2001 Anthrax attacks, PREPA was once again invoked in response to COVID-19 under the authority of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (the “Secretary”). Through declarations issued by the Secretary, the scope of the original Act inferably expanded in a pursuit to mitigate the public health emergency of COVID-19. The nature of this review primarily focuses on the uncertainties surrounding the extent and practical legal applications of this expansion.
Contact Tracing in the COVID-19 Pandemic: How Digital Contact Tracing Affects Our Individual Rights
Authors: Sherer Ryan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Amid public health crises, contact tracing becomes an imperative mechanism in combatting the threat at hand. In today’s day and age, technology has exploded, leaving the legal world to determine technologies’ effect on the law. As the COVID-19 pandemic wreaks havoc upon the world, how is contact tracing affected by the advent of modern technology, and how does the use of technology such as geolocation, artificial intelligence (AI), and facial recognition technology (FRT) comport with the rights to privacy, association, free exercise of religion, and equal protection? This paper will examine the current constitutional precedents to provide insight as to how the use of digital contact tracing would influence the rights of everyday citizens. Constitutional implications of digital contact tracing using geolocation, AI, and FRT are considered against the First, Fourth, and Fourteenth Amendments (more specifically, against freedom of religion, freedom of association, the right to privacy, and the right to equal protection). Given the novel aspects of geolocation, AI, and FRT, digital contact tracing could result in potential constitutional violations under certain circumstances. This research shows that while digital contact tracing using novel technology could be done in a legal way, there are just as many concerns to be had about potential constitutional abuses that could affect each and everyone’s lives.
Signalling conditional relations
Authors: Egg Markus , Das Debopam 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We investigate how discourse relations and their subtypes are signalled, extending the set of discourse signals from connectives and lexical cue phrases to the wide range of semantic, syntactic, and orthographic signals of the RST Signalling Corpus (Das, Debopam & Maite Taboada. 2018. RST signalling corpus. Language Resources and Evaluation 52. 149–184). This extension requires re-evaluating previous predictions on discourse signalling, in particular, those of Sanders, Ted. 2005. Coherence, causality and cognitive complexity in discourse. In M. Aurnague, M. Bras, A. Le Draoulec & L. Vieu (eds.), Proceedings/Actes SEM-05, first international symposium on the exploration and modelling of meaning, 105–114. Biarritz causality-by-default hypothesis, the hypothesis of uniform information density (Frank, Austin & Florian Jaeger. 2008. Speaking rationally: Uniform information density as an optimal strategy for language production. In Proceedings of the 30th annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 933–938. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7d08h6j4 (accessed 18 May 2022)), and the hypothesis that discourse is continuous by preference (Segal, Erwin, Judith Duchan & Paula Scott. 1991. The role of interclausal connectives in narrative structuring. Discourse Processes 14. 27–54; Murray, John. 1997. Connectives and narrative text. Memory and Cognition 25. 227–236). We evaluate the predictions of these theories on the conditional relations in the RST Discourse Treebank (Carlson, Lynn, Daniel Marcu & Mary Ellen Okurowski. 2002. RST Discourse Treebank. LDC2002T07. Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium), using causal relations as a control group. Informativity and continuity are operationalized in terms of semantic complexity and Givón, Talmy. 1993. English grammar: A function-based introduction, vol. 2. Amsterdam: John Benjamins dimensions of deictic shift. Our results show that the hypotheses make accurate predictions only for the relation groups in their entirety but not for the observed in-group variation, in particular, the low amount of marking for the hypothetical subtype of conditional relations. We attribute this difference to the distribution of intra- and inter-sentential occurrences across the conditional subtypes: intra-sentential relations are consistently more marked than inter-sentential ones, and hypothetical relations are special in that they appear predominantly inter-sententially.
Annotations on the taxonomy of the opossums (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) of Honduras
Authors: Bautista Alcantara Lizbeth Fabiola , Wilson Don E. , Turcios-Casco Manfredo A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInformation about opossums in Honduras has been scarce. Although there have been sporadic records of species, it was not clear which and how many species were occurring in the country because of taxonomic discussions and the group being understudied. Over the years, different authors studying mammals in Honduras have accepted or rejected the occurrence of some didelphid species. Herein we discuss the species of opossums occurring for Honduras based on taxonomic and distribution changes according to Voss, R.S. and Jansa, S.A. Opossums: an adaptive radiation of new world marsupials. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press (2021) latest reviews for opossum species.
For a Dialectic-First Approach to Kant’sCritique of Pure Reason
Authors: Kreines James 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo judge by the title, one would expect that interpretations of theCritique of Pure Reasonwould prioritize the division of the book most about reason and its critique: The Transcendental Dialectic. But the Dialectic is surprisingly secondary in the most established interpretive approaches. This article argues as follows: There is a problem that contributes to explaining the lack of popularity: The problem of how arguments really based in the Dialectic itself really promise to ground a broader project in theoretical philosophy, of the scope of the Critique. But the problem can be solved: One aim important in the critique is critical argument against rationalist metaphysics. The Dialectic must play a central role in such critique, given a difficulty concerning begging the question. The positive claims of the Dialectic, about reason and the unconditioned, are necessary for such an argument, and the Dialectic gives them enough defense for that purpose. Finally, there are reasons to take seriously Kant’s promises that the Antinomy of the Dialectic can support the weight in such an argument, without begging the question. The article concludes that a Dialectic-first approach to theCritiqueis viable and worth further development.
A case of ChAdOx1 vaccine-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis syndrome leading to bilateral adrenal haemorrhage and adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Efthymiadis Agathoklis , Khan Dalia , Pavord Sue , Pal Aparna 
Published: June 2022

Summary
Vaccine-induced thrombosis and thrombocytopenia (VITT) after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 with the adenoviral vector-based vaccines ChAdOx1 and Ad26.COV2.S has been associated with adrenal pathology, such as bilateral adrenal vein thrombosis, adrenal cortex haemorrhage and adrenal insufficiency in 6% of patients. We report the case of a 23-year-old woman who presented at 8 days after ChAdOx1 vaccination with a low platelet count of 43 × 109/L, raised d dimers >100 000 ng/mL and multiple lobar and segmental pulmonary emboli. Anti-platelet factor 4 antibodies were detected confirming definite VITT in accordance with the UK diagneostic criteria. At 16 days post-vaccine, further imaging showed bilateral adrenal haemorrhage, non-occlusive splenic vein thrombosis and right ventricular thrombosis. Her cortisol level was <25 nmol/L. She was treated with anticoagulation, plasmapheresis, immunosuppression and steroid replacement. She had high anti-spike titre and positive anti-nucleocapsid titres for SARS-CoV-2. She developed seizures secondary to posterior reversible encephalopathy, requiring intensive care. After 4 weeks in hospital, she was discharged on warfarin, hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone replacement. Short synacthen tests 3 and 9 months later showed no recovery of adrenal function, although magnetic resonance imaging of the adrenal glands showed resolving adrenal haemorrhage. Adrenal insufficiency secondary to bilateral adrenal vein thrombosis and adrenal haemorrhage should be suspected in patients with VITT and treated promptly. Adrenal vein thrombosis can occur either as the initial presentation of VITT or days to weeks after the development of thrombosis in other sites. Further studies are required to provide insight on adrenal function recovery after VITT.

Learning points

Adrenal insufficiency secondary to bilateral adrenal vein thrombosis and adrenal cortex haemorrhage should be suspected in patients with vaccine-induced thrombosis and thrombocytopenia (VITT) and treated promptly.

Adrenal vein thrombosis can occur as the initial presentation of VITT or even days to weeks later after the development of thrombosis in other more classic sites (e.g. pulmonary or cerebral vasculature).

Completion of vaccination schedule against SARS-CoV-2 post-VITT using an mRNA-based vaccine should be recommended to patients post-VITT as mRNA-based vaccines have not been associated with VITT but confer protection against SARS-CoV-2.

There is paucity of data regarding the potential for recovery of adrenal function after bilateral adrenal haemorrhage in the context of VITT, and thus, more studies are needed to inform clinical practice.

The need for disease registries for rare conditions, such as VITT, is crucial as direct cooperation and sharing of information by clinicians might enable quicker identification of disease patterns than would have been possible via established reporting tools of adverse events.
Caracterización física y química: biomasa residual de la palma (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) en la Amazonia peruana
Authors: Neyra-Vasquez Jessica Yanina , Panduro-Pisco Grober , Díaz-Zúñiga Edgar Juan , Iannacone Jose 
Published: June 2022

Introducción. La palma aceitera (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) en la Amazonia peruana tiene un área instalada en producción de 72 861 ha, cuyo procesamiento del fruto genera residuos sólidos como el escobajo y el mesocarpio secos. Objetivo. Determinar las características fisicoquímicas de la biomasa residual, escobajo y fibra del fruto, de la extracción de aceite de palma en la Amazonia peruana, para su potencial uso en la elaboración de materiales biodegradables. Materiales y métodos. Durante agosto a octubre del 2020, se recolectaron 19,39 t/día de escobajo y 13,05 t/día de fibra del fruto de la palma aceitera en Pucallpa, Distrito de Neshuya, Perú. Los análisis de solubilidad en agua caliente y humedad se determinaron mediante la prueba estándar americana (American Society for Testing and Materials). La solubilidad en soda, se obtuvo mediante el estándar de Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry. Para la determinación de la celulosa, hemicelulosa y lignina, se empleó la cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC) y detector de índice de refracción (RI). Resultados. Las propiedades físicas de humedad (%) y solubilidad en soda (%) no presentaron diferencias entre el escobajo y la fibra. El escobajo y la fibra presentaron solubilidad en agua caliente con valores inferiores al 17 %. Las propiedades químicas en la fibra fueron mayores que en el escobajo, en base al porcentaje de celulosa, hemicelulosa y lignina. Conclusiones. Los resultados físicos y químicos del escobajo y de la fibra del fruto de palma aceitera, permitirían el desarrollo de procesos tecnológicos adecuados para su conversión a productos biológicos.
Szent István vagy Szkander bég halála Antonio Bonfini Rervm Vngaricarvm Decades-e 1581-es kiadásában?
Authors: Papp Júlia 
Published: June 2022

Az 1560–1580-as években Frankfurtban tevékenykedő Sigmund Feyerabend könyvkiadó alkalmanként mind saját, mind más kiadók illusztrációit felhasználta kiadványai díszítésére. Hans Francolin 1561-ben Bécsben latinul és németül megjelent Thurnierbuch-ja rézkarcai kompozíciójának felhasználásával például Jost Ammannal fametszeteket készíttetett, melyeket mind Francolin könyvének 1566-os saját kiadásában, mind több más későbbi kiadványában felhasznált. Feyerabend emellett saját korábbi kiadványaiból is vett át illusztrációkat. 1581-ben németül megjelentette Mátyás király, illetve II. Ulászló udvari történetírója, Antonio Bonfini 15. század végén keletkezett magyar krónikáját (Rerum Hungaricarum decades), melynek mind a 45 fejezete előtt egy-egy illusztrációt tett közzé. Bár a régebbi és az újabb magyar könyvtörténeti és művészettörténeti kutatás ezeket a képeket a magyarországi történeti események közvetlen illusztrációiként, a hazai történeti ábrázolások korai példáiként értelmezte, a képek túlnyomó többségével valójában már Feyerabend korábbi, különböző témájú (ókori történelem, török krónikák, hadászati kiadvány, lovagi tornákkal foglalkozó könyv, stb.) is találkozunk. Figyelemreméltó ugyanakkor, hogy Feyerabend a képeket nem pusztán díszítésként alkalmazta. Gondosan ügyelt rá, hogy – a krónika szövegének ismeretében – a fejezetek elé helyezett fametszet tartalmi kapcsolatban legyen a szövegben olvasható valamelyik érdekes, különös, jellegzetes eseménnyel. Abban a fejezetben például, amelyikben IV. László magyar királynak a kedvelt kunjai által történt kegyetlen meggyilkolásáról olvashatunk, Feyerabend egy olyan, eredetileg Titus Livius Róma történetét bemutató könyvében található képet tett közzé, melyen egy földön fekvő ember meggyilkolását látjuk. Feyerabend tehát modern szemlélettel egyfajta sajátos, részleges hitelességre törekedett, hiszen az olvasó számára a képek pontosan szemléltették az adott szövegrészben leírtakat, annak ellenére, hogy a kép eredetileg nem azt az eseményt illusztrálta.
Analisis Penerapan Media Pembelajaran EASY COA dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Habits of Mind Mahasiswa Jurusan Akuntansi
Authors: Mulyanti Khairaningrum , Tanjung Riani , Fauzan Mohamad Nurkamal 
Published: June 2022

Learning media is one of the components that affect the learning process, achieve learning goals, and at the end can form the habits of thinking (habits of mind) student. The purpose of this research is to find out how the use of EASY COA affects the habits of Mind students majoring in Accounting. The research method used is causal associative. Data collection using the results of questionnaires distributed to 85 students majoring in Accounting Polytechnic Pos Indonesia who learn Accounting Practicum courses. After the instrument test in the form of validity and reliability, the data is processed and then analyzed with the test. The results showed EASY COA had a significant positive effect on Habits of Mind with the influence value of 46.6%. Based on hypothesis testing it was concluded that EASY COA fulfil the characteristics as a good learning medium and can improve the habits of mind of accounting students. From these results it is also suggested to developing other android-based accounting learning media.