bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depth profile of colloidal iron in the pore water of an Albic Podzol
Authors: Moens Claudia , Dondeyne Stefaan , Panagea Ioanna , Smolders Erik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIron (Fe) colloids dominate the soil solution Fe and these colloids potentially act as vectors for nutrients and contaminants in soil. The question remains which factors, that is, gradients in soil chemical characteristics with depth or physical processes, cause vertical mobilisation and immobilisation of Fe colloids in soils. This question was addressed by characterising the change in concentration, size and composition of Fe colloids in a podzol profile and by relating these changes to soil properties along the profile. Pore waters were analysed with Flow Field Flow Fractionation (FlFFF‐UV‐ICP‐MS) to overcome the artefacts typically obtained when using filtration for fractionation. Pore water was obtained by centrifugation of field moist samples taken from an Albic Podzol. The samples were taken within a depth of 110 cm, at eight depths corresponding to different horizons. The pore water Fe concentration increased with depth and peaked at 66 μM in the E horizon just above the Bh horizon, beyond which, it sharply decreased to only 9 μM. The pore water Fe concentration correlated strongly with dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The high‐resolution size fractionation analysis with FlFFF suggested that the Fe colloids (<100 nm) in the pore water not only consisted of Fe‐organic carbon (OC) complexes, but also of mineral Fe colloids associated with organic matter (OM), as indicated by the colloid size (>5 nm) and by the relatively large Fe/OC ratio that exceeds the complexation capacity of natural OM. The smallest mineral Fe colloids dominated in the Ah1 horizon, while the larger mineral colloids increased with increasing depth, explaining the rise in total Fe towards the Bh horizon. This suggests that Fe complexation with OM and stabilisation of mineral Fe colloids with OM explain colloidal Fe in the pore water. The adsorption of the OM at the top of the Bs horizons is likely the primary mechanism of DOC retention in the Bh horizon. Below this depth, the concentration of DOC was very low, resulting in low Fe concentration in the pore water. The colloids (<100 nm) are considerably smaller than the soil pore size distribution and increase in size with depth, which suggests that straining was not a significant mechanism for colloid retention. This study demonstrates that OM plays a key role in the transport of Fe colloids in acid sandy soil.Highlights
Depth profile of pore water Fe in a podzol is studied to investigate colloid migration processes
Pore water colloids are characterised by Flow Field Flow Fractionation
Fe colloids consist of complexes with OM and mainly larger mineral colloids
Natural OM plays a key role in the transport of Fe colloids in acid sandy soil
Examining the stability of emotional regulation and psychological distress for low‐income individuals: A latent transition analysis
Authors: Taylor Dalena Dillman , Starrett Angela , Carlson Ryan , Barden Sejal , Thompson Kaleb 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrevious relationship education research has focused on investigating healthy relationships at the couple level, with limited research conducted on individual‐oriented relationship education programs for economically disadvantaged individuals. More specifically, there is a lack of research on how individual‐oriented relationship education programs contribute to changes in unique attributes of individuals who enroll in these programs and who would benefit most from relationship education programs. The primary aim of this study is to understand the stability of economically disadvantaged individuals' psychological distress and emotion regulation over two time points, comparing individuals randomly assigned to the relationship intervention using Prevention and Relationship Education's (PREP) Within My Reach (WMR) versus those assigned to a wait‐list control. Using a sample of 1129 economically disadvantaged individuals enrolled in the study, results indicated that the three‐class model for psychological distress and emotion regulation was the most appropriate for the latent transition analysis. Treatment group participants were more likely to transition to more adaptive models than their wait‐list control counterparts, although a small percentage of participants did transition to a less adaptive model. Implications, future directions, and limitations are discussed.
Self‐help friendliness in cancer care: A cross‐sectional study among self‐help group leaders in Germany
Authors: Ziegler Elâ , Nickel Stefan , Trojan Alf , Klein Jens , Kofahl Christopher 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeer support is increasingly recognized as crucial for improving health and psychosocial outcomes in oncological care. The integration of cancer self‐help groups (SHGs) into cancer care facilities has gained importance in recent years. Yet, there is a lack of knowledge of the extent and quality of cooperation between cancer care facilities and SHGs and their integration into routine care. The concept of self‐help friendliness (SHF) provides a feasible instrument for the measurement of cooperation and integration.MethodsA cross‐sectional study across Germany investigates the experiences of 266 leaders of cancer SHGs concerning their cooperation with cancer care facilities based on the criteria for SHF. The participatory study was developed and conducted with representatives of the House of Cancer Self‐Help and the federal associations of cancer self‐help.ResultsAccording to the SHG leaders, about 80% of their members primarily find their way to an SHG via other patients and only less than 50% more or less frequently via hospitals or rehabilitation clinics. The quality of cooperation with cancer centres, hospitals and rehabilitation clinics, however, is rated as good to very good by more than 70% of the respondents. Nine out of 10 quality criteria for SHF are fully or at least partially implemented, the values vary between 53% and 87%. Overall, 58% of the SHG leaders feel well to be very well integrated into care facilities.ConclusionsThe results show a positive assessment of the involvement of SHGs in oncological care, but differences between inpatient and outpatient care and low referrals to SHGs are prominent. The concept of SHF is a feasible solution for a systematic and measurable involvement of SHGs.Patient or Public ContributionThe perspectives and insight of patient representatives obtained through qualitative interviews were directly incorporated into this study. Representatives of cancer self‐help organizations were involved in the development of the questionnaire, reviewed it for content and comprehensibility, and further helped to recruit participants.
Do face‐to‐face interactions support 6‐month‐olds' understanding of the communicative function of speech?
Authors: Neff Mary Beth , Martin Alia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInfants by 6 months recognize that speech communicates information between third parties. We investigated whether 6‐month‐olds always expect speech to communicate or whether they also consider social features of communication, like how interlocutors engage with one another. A small sample of infants watched an actor (the Speaker) choose one of two objects to play with (the target). When the Speaker could no longer reach her target object, she turned to a new actor (the Listener) and said a nonsense word. During speech, the actors were either face‐to‐face, the Speaker was facing away from the Listener, or the reverse. When the actors had been face‐to‐face, infants looked longer when the Listener selected the non‐target object compared to the target. Infants looked equally regardless of what the Listener chose when either actor had been disengaged. Area‐of‐interest gaze coding suggests that infants were similarly interested in the interaction across conditions, but their pattern of attention to Speaker and Listener differed when the Listener was disengaged during speech. Although these experiments should be replicated with a larger sample, the findings provide initial evidence that 6‐month‐olds do not expect speech alone to communicate, but also attend to the social context in which speech is produced.
The potential for the evolution of thermally sensitive courtship behaviours in the treehopper, Enchenopa binotata
Authors: Sasson Daniel , Agali Uchechukwu , Brouk Rachel , Hercules Jacob , Kilmer Joey , Macchiano Anthony , Ola‐Ajose Abisiola , Fowler‐Finn Kasey 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe ability of animals to adapt to warming will depend on the evolutionary potential of thermally sensitive traits. The number of studies measuring the quantitative genetics of a wide variety of thermally sensitive traits has steadily increased; however, no study has yet investigated the quantitative genetics of thermal sensitivity for courtship traits. Since courtship often precedes mating, the ability of these traits to respond to warming may impact reproduction and therefore population persistence. Here, we use classic quantitative genetics breeding design to estimate heritability of various aspects of the thermal sensitivity of courtship behaviours in the treehopper Enchenopa binotata. We generated individual‐level thermal courtship activity curves for males and females and measured levels of genetic variation in the thermal sensitivity of courtship activity. We found low heritability with 95% credible intervals that did not approach zero for most traits. Levels of genetic variation were highest in traits describing thermal tolerance. We also found some evidence for genetic correlations between traits within but not across sexes. Together, our results suggest that the range of temperatures over which these treehoppers actively court can evolve, although it remains unclear whether adaptation can happen quickly enough to match the speed of warming.
Thiopurine naivety at tacrolimus induction is a predictor of long‐term remission in patients with intractable ulcerative colitis who responded to tacrolimus
Authors: Takatsu Noritaka , Hisabe Takashi , Kishi Masahiro , Takeda Teruyuki , Yasukawa Shigeyoshi , Koga Akihiro , Kinjo Ken , Hirai Fumihito , Ueki Toshiharu , Yao Kenshi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe short‐term efficacy of tacrolimus (Tac) for steroid‐dependent and steroid‐resistant refractory ulcerative colitis (UC) has been demonstrated; however, its long‐term outcomes have not been well documented. Thus, this study aimed to clarify the long‐term outcomes of patients who achieved Tac‐induced remission and identify its predictors.MethodsThis study included patients with moderate‐to‐severe active UC who started receiving Tac at our hospital between July 2004 and December 2016. Short‐term treatment response was assessed using the Lichtiger index 3 months after starting Tac, and responding patients were further followed up to assess long‐term outcomes. The primary endpoint was the relapse‐free survival after Tac‐induced remission, and the secondary endpoint was the identification of factors associated with relapse after Tac‐induced remission.ResultsThe cumulative relapse‐free survival rate at 10 years after Tac‐induced remission was 33.2%. Multivariate analysis revealed that being thiopurine naïve at Tac induction was associated with the absence of relapse (hazard ratio: 0.45; 95% confidence interval: 0.22–0.92).ConclusionsApproximately one‐third of patients who achieved Tac‐induced remission maintained long‐term remission. Being thiopurine naïve at Tac induction was a predictor of the absence of relapse.
Association of muscular strength with total and central adiposity in adolescents with intellectual disability
Authors: Bertapelli F. , Pitetti K. , Guerra‐Junior G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt has been established that for youth without disabilities, muscular strength (MS) is negatively associated with total and central adiposity. However, this relationship has not been clearly established for youth with intellectual disability (ID). The purpose of this study was to examine the association of MS with total and central adiposity in adolescents with ID.MethodParticipants were 59 adolescents (40 males and 19 females: age 16.29 ± 1.66 years) with ID. Total and central adiposity were evaluated with dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), body mass index (BMI), BMI z‐score, waist circumference (WC), and conicity index (C‐index). MS was evaluated with the score on the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (range, 0 to 42, with higher scores indicating better performance). Sex‐specific maturity offset equations were used to evaluate somatic maturity. Spearman's correlation coefficients and sequential multiple regression were used to examine associations between MS and adiposity.ResultsMuscular strength score was negatively associated with BMI (sr = −0.32; P < 0.05), percent body fat (%BF; total, trunk, android and gynoid regions) (sr = −0.51 to −0.58; P < 0.01), and android‐to‐gynoid fat ratio (sr = −0.29; P < 0.05). After control for somatic maturity and sex, regression analysis indicated that MS score explained 10%–17% of the variance in BMI, BMI z‐score, %BF (total, trunk, android and gynoid regions), WC, C‐index and android‐to‐gynoid fat ratio.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that MS is associated with DXA‐ and anthropometric‐determined total and central adiposity among adolescents with ID.
Cinnamon extract and sodium hypochlorite in the in vitro control ofFusarium oxysporumf. sp.lycopersiciandAlternaria alternatafrom tomato
Authors: Carmello Camila Rodrigues , Magri Márcia Maria Rosa , Cardoso Jean Carlos 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBotanical fungicides are an interesting alternative for pathogen control and plant protection in sustainable production systems. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of cinnamon for use in inhibiting pathogens in tomato crop. Three main strains ofFusarium oxysporumf. sp.lycopersiciand a strain ofAlternaria alternatawere grown in in vitro conditions, and later used for tests of antifungal effect of cinnamon extract, compared to sodium hypochlorite. As a result, complete growth inhibition of the three strains ofFusarium oxysporumf. sp.lycopersiciandAlternaria alternatawere achieved only when using sodium hypochlorite from a concentration of 3%, and a partial inhibition with the use of cinnamon extract. Both, cinnamon extract and sodium hypochlorite solution, at concentrations above 2%, reduced Mycelial Growth Speed Index values. Cinnamon extract demonstrated its antifungal potential, indicating the possibility of its use in the in vitro control of phytopathogenic fungi in tomato crops. In addition, this study also showed the main effects of cinnamon extract on hyphae and conidia of these phytopathogens.[Correction added on 01 November 2022, after first online publication: The full form of 'MGRI' has been updated in the abstract of this version].
Incremental cost analysis of pediatric hospice care in rural and urban Appalachia
Authors: Svynarenko Radion , Cozad Melanie J. , Keim‐Malpass Jessica , Lindley Lisa C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeConsidering growing disparities in health outcomes between rural and urban areas of Appalachia, this study compared the incremental Medicaid costs of pediatric concurrent care (implemented by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act) versus standard hospice care.MethodsData on 1,788 pediatric hospice patients, from the Appalachian region, collected between 2011 and 2013, were obtained from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Incremental per‐patient‐per‐month (PPM) costs of enrollment in concurrent versus standard hospice care were analyzed using multilevel generalized linear models. Increments for analysis were hospice length of stay (LOS).ResultsFor rural children enrolled in concurrent hospice care, the mean Medicaid cost of hospice care was $3,954 PPPM (95% CI: $3,223‐$4,684) versus $1,933 PPPM (95% CI: $1,357‐$2,509) for urban. For rural children enrolled in standard hospice care, the mean Medicaid cost was $2,889 PPPM (95% CI: $2,639‐$3,139) versus $1,122 PPPM (95% CI: $980‐$1,264) for urban. There were no statistically significant differences in Medicaid costs for LOS of 1 day. However, for LOS between 2 and 14 days, concurrent enrollment decreased total costs for urban children (IC = $−236.9 PPPM, 95% CI: $−421‐$−53). For LOS of 15 days or more, concurrent care had higher costs compared to standard care, for both rural (IC = $1,399 PPPM, 95% CI: $92‐$2,706) and urban children (IC = $1,867 PPPM, 95% CI: $1,172‐$2,363).ConclusionsThe findings revealed that Medicaid costs for concurrent hospice care were highest among children in rural Appalachia. Future research on factors of high costs of rural care is needed.
Across disciplines, languages, and nations: Recent scholarship on Mary Wollstonecraft
Authors: Kirkley Laura 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the last 4 decades, Mary Wollstonecraft has been brought from the margins of Western literary history to assume her place as a feminist foremother, radical icon, and familiar meme. As the range of disciplinary responses to Wollstonecraft's writing expands, our knowledge is deepening of her intellectual landscapes and her local and transnational networks. Diversification of expertise has also led to closer, interdisciplinary scrutiny of her works, including texts that have previously suffered neglect because of their apparent irrelevance to her feminism. Researchers increasingly recognise her transnational outlook, and this recognition has prompted intersectional reflections on her feminist legacy in the wake of Brexit and Black Lives Matter. A growing body of criticism is also revising the longstanding myth of her posthumous invisibility after the publication of Godwin's Memoirs, drawing attention to the persistent engagement with her works by key thinkers during the nineteenth century as well as her multiple afterlives in translation.
Microbial drivers of plant richness and productivity in a grassland restoration experiment along a gradient of land‐use intensity
Authors: Abrahão Anna , Marhan Sven , Boeddinghaus Runa S. , Nawaz Ali , Wubet Tesfaye , Hölzel Norbert , Klaus Valentin H. , Kleinebecker Till , Freitag Martin , Hamer Ute , Oliveira Rafael S. , Lambers Hans , Kandeler Ellen 
Published: September 2022

Summary

Plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs) underlying grassland plant richness and productivity are typically coupled with nutrient availability; however, we lack understanding of how restoration measures to increase plant diversity might affect PSFs. We examined the roles of sward disturbance, seed addition and land‐use intensity (LUI) on PSFs.

We conducted a disturbance and seed addition experiment in 10 grasslands along a LUI gradient and characterized plant biomass and richness, soil microbial biomass, community composition and enzyme activities.

Greater plant biomass at high LUI was related to a decrease in the fungal to bacterial ratios, indicating highly productive grasslands to be dominated by bacteria. Lower enzyme activity per microbial biomass at high plant species richness indicated a slower carbon (C) cycling. The relative abundance of fungal saprotrophs decreased, while pathogens increased with LUI and disturbance. Both fungal guilds were negatively associated with plant richness, indicating the mechanisms underlying PSFs depended on LUI.

We show that LUI and disturbance affect fungal functional composition, which may feedback on plant species richness by impeding the establishment of pathogen‐sensitive species. Therefore, we highlight the need to integrate LUI including its effects on PSFs when planning for practices that aim to optimize plant diversity and productivity.
Personalized Surgical Planning for Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Popliteal Fossa with a Novel 3D Imaging Technique
Authors: Fang Xiang , Yuan Fang , Xiong Yan , Lei Senlin , Yuan Dechao , Zhou Yong , Zhang Wenli , Tu Chongqi , Duan Hong 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveSoft tissue sarcomas (STSs) arising from the popliteal fossa pose surgical challenges due to their proximity to critical neurovascular structures. This study aimed to investigate whether a novel 3D imaging technique highlighting these key anatomical structures could facilitate preoperative planning and improve surgical outcomes in STS.MethodsThis was a prospective, observational, pilot study. Between November 2019 and December 2020, 27 patients with STS of the popliteal fossa undergoing limb‐sparing procedures were enrolled and assigned to either a control or intervention group. Control patients underwent traditional preoperative planning with separate computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic resonance hydrography. In the intervention group, 3D images were generated from these images, the tumor and skeletomuscular and neurovascular structures were revealed in three dimensions, and this was visualized on the surgeon's smartphone or computer. Primary endpoints were surgical margins and complications. Secondary endpoints included operative time, blood loss, serum C‐reactive protein and interleukin‐6, length of in‐hospital stay, and limb function. Comparisons between groups were made using independent‐sample t‐tests for continuous data and the Mann–Whitney U and Fisher's exact tests for categorical data.ResultsThere was a lower but not significantly different inadvertent positive margin rate (1/15 vs. 3/12, P = 0.294), significantly shorter hospital stay (P = 0.049), and less numbers ≥75th percentile of operative time (P = 0.037) and blood loss (P = 0.024) in the intervention group. Differences in surgical complications, operative time, blood loss, C‐reactive protein and interleukin‐6 levels on the second postoperative day, and limb functional scores were statistically insignificant.ConclusionsThe novel 3D imaging technique facilitates complex preoperative planning and limb‐salvage surgical procedures for patients with STS of the popliteal fossa, and this may affect how surgical planning is performed in the future.