bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of refitted race‐free eGFR formula on obesity pharmacotherapy options
Authors: Orandi Babak J. , McLeod Chandler , Reed Rhiannon D. , Kumar Vineeta , Igel Leon I. , Aronne Louis J. , Cannon Robert M. , Lewis Cora E. , Locke Jayme E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveRecent changes to the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) formula (2021 CKD‐EPI) removed race from the 2009 formula, increasing the number of Black people classified as having CKD, but these changes may impact eligibility and/or dosing for antiobesity medications. This study estimated the number of people with obesity nationwide who might have pharmacotherapy options impacted by the new formula.MethodsUsing National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cohort study data, the number of people eligible for antiobesity medication was estimated, and the number who would require a dosage reduction or would no longer be eligible for specific medications based on the new eGFR formula was also estimated.ResultsAmong 16,412,571 Black and 109,654,751 non‐Black people eligible for antiobesity medication, 911,336 (6.1%) Black and 6,925,492 (6.6%) non‐Black people had ≥CKD stage 3 by the 2009 CKD‐EPI formula. Applying the 2021 CKD‐EPI formula, 1,260,969 (8.5%) Black people and 4,989,919 (4.7%) non‐Black people had ≥CKD stage 3. For medications requiring renal adjustment, the number of Black people who would require a lower dose or be precluded from using a medication increased by 24.7% to 50.2%.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of measuring—rather than estimating—GFR in Black people with CKD when considering many antiobesity pharmacotherapy options.
The effect of timing of intravenous paracetamol on perioperative pain and cytokine levels following laparoscopic bariatric surgery, a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Semyonov Michael , Bartulovic Anastasiya , Cohen Nir , Berzon Baruch , Fedorina Ekaterina , Lerman Sofia , Semionov Anastasia , Friger Michael , Acker Asaf , Geftler Alexander , Zlotnik Alexander , Brotfain Evgeni 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveBariatric surgeries involve manipulation of the viscera and are associated with significant postoperative pain. Paracetamol is a nonopioid analgesic with a rapid onset, and it is effective and safe. The study compared the effects of pre‐ and postincisional intravenous paracetamol administration for optimal postoperative pain management in patients undergoing bariatric surgeries.MethodsThis is a prospective, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled randomized clinical trial of adult patients, admitted electively for laparoscopic bariatric surgery. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group of patients was given paracetamol at the beginning of the operation, prior to the surgical incision, the other group of patients received the same treatment at the end of the operation.ResultsPatients who were given preincisional intravenous paracetamol presented significantly lower visual analog scale (VAS) scores following the surgery compared with patients who were given intravenous paracetamol in the last 30 minutes of the operation (VAS, median [IQR] = 2 [2‐3] vs. 5 [3‐6]; p < 0.001). They also required fewer postoperative opioids and tramadol (in milligrams, respectively, 1 [0‐5] vs. 7.5 [5‐10] and 300 [100‐400] vs. 400 [200‐500]) compared with later analgesia administration (p < 0.001 and p = 0.03). The levels of inflammatory markers measured at fixed intervals from paracetamol administration were not statistically different between the study groups.ConclusionEarly analgesia with intravenous paracetamol, given before the surgical incision, may result in lower VAS scores postoperatively compared with the same treatment administered toward the end of the operation.
How do women want to receive information about non‐invasive prenatal testing? Evidence from a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Wright Stuart J. , Dalal Garima , Vass Caroline M. , Georgsson Susanne , Payne Katherine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveNon‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) identifies the risk of abnormalities in pregnancy, potentially reducing the risk of miscarriage associated with invasive tests. This study aimed to understand the preferences of current and future mothers about the content, format and timing of information provision about NIPT.MethodsAn online discrete choice experiment was designed comprising four attributes: when in the pregnancy information is provided (4 levels); degree of detail (2 levels); information format (6 levels); cost to women for gathering information (5 levels). Respondents included women identified by an online‐panel company in Sweden. The mathematical design was informed by D‐efficient criteria. Choice data were analysed using uncorrelated random parameters logit and latent class models.ResultsOne thousand Swedish women (56% current mothers) aged 18–45 years completed the survey. On average, women preferred extensive information provided at/before 9 weeks of pregnancy. There was heterogeneity in preferences about the desired format of information provision (website, mobile app or individual discussion with a midwife) in the population.ConclusionWomen had clear preferences about the desired content, format and timing of information provision about NIPT. It is important to tailor information provision to enable informed choices about NIPT.
Electric field‐assisted preparation of PANI/TPU all‐organic composites with enhanced dielectric permittivity and anisotropic optical properties
Authors: Wu Weifei , Ren Tianli , Liu Xueqing , Huai Kai , Cui Xin , Wei Huaixiao , Hu Jinjin , Xia Yuming , Huang Shuohan , Fu Kun (Kelvin) , Zhang Jianming , Chen Yuwei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo meet the demands of multifunctional applications, developing functional composites with excellent properties (such as high dielectric permittivity, good mechanical properties, and anisotropic optical transmittance) is urgent. In this regard, preparing composites with all‐organic components is a promising strategy. Herein, we demonstrated a simple and time‐saving method for assembling and aligning polyaniline (PANI) particles in the TPU matrix by an AC electric field. The alignment of PANI in the polymer matrix not only obviously enhances dielectric permittivity but also effectively increases optical anisotropy. At the same filler loading content, the dielectric permittivity of aligned composites prepared under 10 Hz electric fields is 10.63 (10−1 Hz), which is higher than the dielectric property of random composites (8.58). The kinetics of aligning process of PANI particles are systematically studied by in situ optical microscope while an AC electric field is applied. We believe that this research work provides a potential solution to increase both dielectric permittivity and optical anisotropy of composites by the alignment of organic fillers via an electric field, which is essential for future flexible wearable electronics.
A look at the face of the molten globule: Structural model of the Helicobacter pylori apoflavodoxin ensemble at acidic pH
Authors: Galano‐Frutos Juan José , Torreblanca Renzo , García‐Cebollada Helena , Sancho Javier 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMolten globule (MG) is the name given to a compact, non‐native conformation of proteins that has stimulated the imagination and work in the protein folding field for more than 40 years. The MG has been proposed to play a central role in the folding reaction and in important cell functions, and to be related to the onset of misfolding diseases. Due to its inherent intractability to high‐resolution studies, atomistic structural models have not yet been obtained. We present here an integrative atomistic model of the MG formed at acidic pH by the apoflavodoxin from the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori. This MG has been previously shown to exhibit the archetypical expansion, spectroscopic and thermodynamic features of a molten conformation. To obtain the model, we have analyzed the stability of wild‐type and 55 apoflavodoxin mutants to derive experimental equilibrium Φ values that have been used in biased molecular dynamics simulations to convert the native conformation into an MG ensemble. The ensemble has been refined to reproduce the experimental hydrodynamic radius and circular dichroism (CD) spectrum. The refined ensemble, deposited in PDB‐Dev, successfully explains the characteristic 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and near‐UV CD spectral features of the MG as well as its solvent‐accessible surface area (SASA) change upon unfolding. This integrative model of an MG will help to understand the energetics and roles of these elusive conformations in protein folding and misfolding. Interestingly, the apoflavodoxin MG is structurally unrelated to previously described partly unfolded conformations of this protein, exemplifying that equilibrium MGs need not to reflect the properties of kinetic intermediates.
New EWMA t charts for process mean
Authors: Haq Abdul , Riasat Raheel , Khoo Michael B. C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn practice, the process standard deviation is usually unknown or is estimated inaccurately. The ‐type charts, such as the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) chart, which works under the assumption that the process standard deviation is either known or it is estimated accurately, may not perform well when the process standard deviation is actually unknown or estimated inaccurately. To address the aforesaid setback of the EWMA‐ chart, the EWMA‐t chart was developed for monitoring the process mean when errors in estimating the process standard deviation occur or when the standard deviation is unknown. In this paper, new EWMA‐t charts, which are also robust against estimation errors in the process standard deviation and are applicable when the standard deviation is unknown, are developed for detecting mean shifts of a normal process. The new EWMA‐t charts are developed using the newly derived t‐statistics, based on the fixed sampling interval (FSI) and variable sampling interval (VSI) features. The new FSI/VSI EWMA‐t charts are found to outperform the existing FSI/VSI EWMA‐t chart, in terms of the zero‐state (ZS) and steady‐state (SS) average, median and standard deviation of the run‐length (SDRL)/time‐to‐signal criteria, for various shift sizes in the process mean, values of smoothing parameter and shift sizes in the process standard deviation. The application of the existing and new FSI/VSI‐EWMA‐t charts for detecting increases and decreases in the process mean is demonstrated with the automobile piston rings dataset.
A quasicontinuous multivariable super‐twisting observer for 2n states systems with Lipschitz nonlinearities
Authors: López‐Caamal Fernando , Moreno Jaime A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this article we present a global, finite‐time observer for continuous‐time nonlinear systems with states whose nonlinearities are characterized by a sufficiently small, globally Lipschitz constant. We consider the measurement of independent linear combinations of the system's states and assume that the system is subject to a class of external perturbations and/or an unknown input with a bounded norm for every time. To make use of this observer one requires the linear part of the plant to be observable. Furthermore, our design takes into account the linear part of the plant, instead of considering it as a perturbation in the observer's error dynamics. The observer is endowed with two correction terms: a Luenberger‐like gain and the nonlinearities of the generalized multivariable super‐twisting algorithm; and it is designed in the original plant's coordinates rather that designing it in a form obtained via the transformation of the state space. To finalize, we assess the observer performance via numerical simulations.
Highly Linear and Symmetric Synaptic Memtransistors Based on Polarization Switching in Two‐Dimensional Ferroelectric Semiconductors
Authors: Chen Yitong , Li Dingwei , Ren Huihui , Tang Yingjie , Liang Kun , Wang Yan , Li Fanfan , Song Chunyan , Guan Jiaqi , Chen Zhong , Lu Xingyu , Xu Guangwei , Li Wenbin , Liu Shi , Zhu Bowen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBrain‐inspired neuromorphic computing hardware based on artificial synapses offers efficient solutions to perform computational tasks. However, the nonlinearity and asymmetry of synaptic weight updates in reported artificial synapses have impeded achieving high accuracy in neural networks. Here, this work develops a synaptic memtransistor based on polarization switching in a two‐dimensional (2D) ferroelectric semiconductor (FES) of α‐In2Se3 for neuromorphic computing. The α‐In2Se3 memtransistor exhibits outstanding synaptic characteristics, including near‐ideal linearity and symmetry and a large number of programmable conductance states, by taking the advantages of both memtransistor configuration and electrically configurable polarization states in the FES channel. As a result, the α‐In2Se3 memtransistor‐type synapse reaches high accuracy of 97.76% for digit patterns recognition task in simulated artificial neural networks. This work opens new opportunities for using multiterminal FES memtransistors in advanced neuromorphic electronics.
Isolating Single Sn Atoms in CuO Mesocrystal to Form Ordered Atomic Interfaces: An Effective Strategy for Designing Highly Efficient Mesocrystal Catalysts
Authors: Ji Yongjun , Zhou Hui , Liu Shaomian , Kang Ting , Zhang Yu , Chen Wenxing , Fu Dongxing , Zhong Ziyi , Xu Guangwen , Gong Xue‐Qing , Su Fabing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTuning the electronic structures of mesocrystals at the atomic level is an effective approach to obtaining unprecedented properties. Here, a lattice‐confined strategy to obtain isolated single‐site Sn atoms in CuO mesocrystals to improve catalytic performance is reported. The Sn/CuO mesocrystal composite (Sn/CuO MC) has ordered Sn–O–Cu atomic interfaces originated from the long‐range ordering of the CuO mesocrystal itself. X‐ray absorption fine structure measurements confirm that the positively charged Sn atoms can tune the electronic structure of the Cu atoms to some extent in Sn/CuO MC, quite different from that in the conventional single‐atom Sn‐modified CuO nanoparticles and nanoparticulate SnO2‐modified CuO mesocrystal catalysts. When tested for the Si hydrochlorination reaction to produce trichlorosilane, Sn/CuO MC exhibits significantly better performances than the above two catalysts. Theoretical calculations further reveal the electronic modification to the active Cu component and the induced improvement in HCl adsorption, and thus enhance the catalytic performance. This work demonstrates how to design efficient metal oxide mesocrystal catalysts through an electronic structure modification approach.
Machine Learning‐Driven 3D Plasmonic Cavity‐in‐Cavity Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Platform with Triple Synergistic Enhancement Toward Label‐Free Detection of Antibiotics in Milk
Authors: Fang Guoqiang , Lin Xiang , Liang Xiu , Wu Jinlei , Xu Wen , Hasi Wuliji , Dong Bin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique with ultrahigh sensitivity has gained attention to meet the increasing demands for food safety analysis. The integration of machine learning and SERS facilitates the practical applicability of sensing devices. In this study, a machine learning‐driven 3D plasmonic cavity‐in‐cavity (CIC) SERS platform is proposed for sensitive and quantitative detection of antibiotics. The platform is prepared by transferring truncated concave nanocubes (NCs) to an obconical‐shaped template surface. Owing to the triple synergistic enhancement effect, the highly ordered 3D CIC arrays improve the simulated electromagnetic field intensity and experimental SERS activity, demonstrating a 33.1‐fold enhancement compared to a typical system consisting of Au NCs deposited on a flat substrate. The integration of machine learning and Raman spectroscopy eliminates subjective judgments on the concentration of detectors using a single feature peak and achieves accurate identification. The machine learning‐driven CIC SERS platform is capable of detecting ampicillin traces in milk with a detection limit of 0.1 ppm, facilitating quantitative analysis of different concentrations of ampicillin. Therefore, the proposed platform has potential applications in food safety monitoring, health care, and environmental sampling.
Engineered Core–Shell Multifunctional Nano‐Tracer in Raman‐Silent Region with Highly Retained Affinity to Enhance Lateral Flow Immunoassays
Authors: Liu Sijie , Luo Xing , Shu Rui , Liao Yangjun , Dou Leina , Bu Tong , Wang Shaochi , Li Yuechun , Sun Jing , Zhang Daohong , Zhu Mingqiang , Wang Jianlong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStimulated surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in combination with engineered nano‐tracer offers extraordinary potential in lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs). Nonetheless, the investigation execution of SERS‐LFIA is often compromised by the intricacy and overlap of the Raman fingerprint spectrum as well as the affinity‐interference of nano‐tracer to antibody. To circumvent these critical issues, an engineered core–shell multifunctional nano‐tracer (named APNPs) with precise control of the size of nano‐core (AuNPs) and coating of the nano‐shell (Prussian blue nanomaterials) is prepared for SERS‐LFIA via a modified enlarging particle size and coating modification strategy. Importantly, this nano‐tracer exhibits enhanced coupling efficiency, highly retained affinity, reinforced colloid stability, and unique SERS signal (2156 cm−1) in the silent region (1800–2800 cm−1) with high signal‐to‐background ratio simultaneously, all of which are beneficial to the enhancement of the analysis performance. With a proof‐of‐concept demonstration for detection of ractopamine (RAC), a dual‐pattern LFIA that synergizes both the enlarged particle size and coating modification supported colorimetric/biological silence Raman dual‐response (coined as the ECCRD assay) is demonstrated by integrating APNPs with the competitive‐type immunoreaction. This research may contribute to the rational design of multifunctional nano‐tracer, and the ECCRD assay can be expanded for a wide spectrum of applications in environmental monitoring and biomedical diagnosis.
Design Strategies of Tumor‐Targeted Delivery Systems Based on 2D Nanomaterials
Authors: Ding Lin , Liang Minli , Li Chenchen , Ji Xinting , Zhang Junfeng , Xie Weifen , Reis Rui L. , Li Fu‐Rong , Gu Shuo , Wang Yanli 
Published: September 2022

AbstractConventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy are nonselective and nonspecific for cell killing, causing serious side effects and threatening the lives of patients. It is of great significance to develop more accurate tumor‐targeting therapeutic strategies. Nanotechnology is in a leading position to provide new treatment options for cancer, and it has great potential for selective targeted therapy and controlled drug release. 2D nanomaterials (2D NMs) have broad application prospects in the field of tumor‐targeted delivery systems due to their special structure‐based functions and excellent optical, electrical, and thermal properties. This review emphasizes the design strategies of tumor‐targeted delivery systems based on 2D NMs from three aspects: passive targeting, active targeting, and tumor‐microenvironment targeting, in order to promote the rational application of 2D NMs in clinical practice.
Low‐Temperature Phase‐Transition for Compositional‐Pure α‐FAPbI3 Solar Cells with Low Residual‐Stress and High Crystal‐Orientation
Authors: Huang Ying , Liang Jianghu , Zhang Zhanfei , Zheng Yiting , Wu Xueyun , Tian Congcong , Zhou Zhuang , Wang Jianli , Yang Yajuan , Sun Anxin , Liu Yuan , Tang Chen , Chen Zhenhua , Chen Chun‐Chao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTransition of δ‐phase formamidinium lead triiodide (δ‐FAPbI3) to pure α‐phase FAPbI3 (α‐FAPbI3) typically requires high processing temperature (150 °C), which often results in unavoidable residual stress. Besides, using methylammonium chloride (MACl) as additive in fabrication will cause MA residue in the film, compromising the compositional purity. Here, a stress‐released and compositional‐pure α‐FAPbI3 thin‐film is fabricated using 3‐chloropropylammonium chloride (Cl‐PACl) by two‐step annealing. The 2D template of n = 2 can preferentially form in perovskite with the introduction of Cl‐PACl at a temperature as low as 80 °C. Such a 2D template can guide the free components to form ordered α‐FAPbI3 and promote the transition of the formed δ‐FAPbI3 to α‐FAPbI3 by reducing the phase transition energy. As a result, the obtained perovskite films via low‐temperature phase‐transition have a high degree of crystal orientation and reduced residual stress. More importantly, most of the Cl‐PACl is volatilized during the subsequent high‐temperature annealing process accompanied by the disintegration of the 2D templates. The residual trace of Cl‐PA+ is mainly concentrated at the grain boundary near the perovskite surface layer, stabilizing α‐FAPbI3 and passivating defects. Perovskite solar cell based on pure α‐FAPbI3 achieves a power conversion efficiency of 23.03% with excellent phase stability and photo‐stability.
Significance of the third‐order slip flow of graphene‐(100% water, 70% water + 30% ethylene glycol, and 50% water + 50% ethylene glycol) nanofluids flow over a stretching surface with a Cattaneo–Christov heat and mass flux model
Authors: Dawar Abdullah , Islam Saeed , Shah Zahir , Lone Showkat Ahmad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCommon conductive fluids include coolants (water and ethylene glycol [EG]), lubricants (oils), polymer solutions, paraffin, and biofluids. Compared with conventional fluids, the nanofluids have superior thermophysical properties like heat transmission, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and thermal diffusion. Such types of nanofluids have many biomedical, industrial, and engineering applications due to their enhanced properties like vehicle cooling, industrial cooling, heat transfer, electronics cooling, nanocryosurgery, magnetic drugs, etc. Therefore, in this analysis, the authors have investigated the significance of thermal and mass transmission mechanisms of the nanofluids on convective motion that happens through a stretching sheet with velocity slips. The nanofluid flow includes water (H2O) and EG (C2H6O2) which are used as a mixture of base fluid (water, 70%water + 30%EG, 50%water + 50%EG) and graphene nanomaterials (graphene nanoparticle [GP]) are used as nanoparticles. The governing equations are transformed with the help of suitable similarity variables and then solved by the means of homotopy analysis method (HAM). Validation of the present analysis has been performed and has found great agreement with previous results. The effects of physical factors developed during partial differential equation (PDE)‐to‐ordinary differential equation (ODE) transformations on flow profiles have been presented. The results show that the enhancing nanoparticle volume fraction shrinks the velocity boundary layer thickness and reduces the velocity profiles, while the thermal and concentration boundary layer thicknesses enhance, which consequently augment the thermal and concentration profiles. Additionally, the increasing nanoparticle volume fraction improves skin friction, heat transfer, and mass transfer rates. The augmenting thermal and mass relaxation times factors reduce the thermal and concentration profiles. Additionally, the thermal relaxation time factor shows prompt effect for the case of Fourier's law and the concentration relaxation time factor shows prompt effect for Fick's model. It is also found that the variations in the flow profiles are always dominant for the water + GP nanofluid as compared to 70% W + 30%EG + GP and 50% W + 50%EG + GP.