bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Об одном бурятском этнониме в якутской среде: *mököröön > mögürüön ~ möŋürüön ‘Мегюрен’
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of the RAS (6, Sakhyanova St., 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation), Nanzatov Bair Z. , Tishin Vladimir V. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. The article examines the onym Megüren (Yak. Möŋürüön < Mögürüön) used as a name of several administrative units in the territory of Yakutia, mainly those included in Meginsky (Yak. Mäŋä) District. The available 17th-century written sources — i.e. earliest Russian-language documents on Yakuts — mention no such onym. And it was E. Pekarsky who already pointed out that the Yakut word mögürüön ‘round-thick’ could be a Mongolic borrowing and, in particular, tended to trace parallels in the Buryat language. Subsequent researchers paid no attention to both the word and the corresponding ethnonym. Goals. The paper aims to analyze origins of the word the ethnic name stems from. Materials and methods. In the absence of early historical accounts, the work explores linguistic sources to investigate phonetic appearances of the Yakut onym in question and comparable data in other languages, primarily Mongolic ones. The latter include not only vocabularies but also materials dealing with personal onomastics. Some folklore elements also prove instrumental in settling the issue. Conclusions. The analysis of phonetic properties inherent to the Yakut ethnonym möŋürüön — in comparison with different forms of the word in Buryat dialects — makes it possible to conclude that it penetrated the Yakut discourse precisely from a language essentially close to western Buryat dialects characterized by the use of /ö/ in the first syllable (/ü/ in standard Buryat) and vowel labialization in non-first syllables. Other features outline the upper chronological limit of the word’s arrival in Yakut to the late 17th century since the observed properties are as follows: /g/ > /ŋ/ assimilation; presence of a long vowel in -VgV- complex, and the intervocalic /g/ from the Mongolic /k/ not yet transformed into the Buryat /χ/
Семантика образа лебедя в космогонических представлениях бурят
Authors:   East-Siberian State Institute of Culture (1, Tereshkova St., 670031 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation), Dashieva Nadezhda B. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. In mythological worldviews of Buryats and quite a number of other Turko-Mongols, swan acts as a totem on the female part of the ethnic community. The article examines the image of swan in Buryat cosmogonic folkways. The semantic approach to the study of functions attributed to Swan Maiden in mythological worldviews of Buryats and some other Turko-Mongols of Siberia and Central Asia, and historical cultures of the region makes the work topical enough. Goals. The study aims to delineate cosmogonic and cosmological ideas in the plot of the genealogical myth of Khori Buryats, and seasonal holidays resulting from by the former. Materials and methods. The paper primarily explores writings by M. Khangalov, G. Rumyantsev, A. Okladnikov, and D. Raevsky. The main research methods used are the cultural/semantic, comparative, and historical/comparative ones (the latter instrumental in analyzing structural units of the myth that make it possible to reveal its links with Scythian cosmology and Indo-Iranian mythology). The chronological framework of the study covers the late 19th to early 29th century. Results. In the myth, changes in anthropomorphic and ornithomorphic appearances of swan maiden serve to model spatial and temporal parameters of the world. Three stages in the development of time correlate with the three stages of Swan Maiden’s life and attest to that mythological worldviews of the community contained no ‘death of time’ concept. The point of ‘disappearance’ of time simultaneously acted as a new beginning to be secured through the milk sprinkling ritual performed by women during seasonal arrivals and reverse migrations of birds. The historical and cultural essentials of the mythologemes ‘marriage’ (autumn rites) and ‘birth’ (spring ones) manifested in Bronze Age petroglyphs of the Baikal bays (Sagan-Zaba, Aya) and the Chuluut River in Mongolia illustrate a process of transforming the Scythian cosmogonic plot into that of a genealogical myth. Conclusions. The image of swan in mythological worldviews of Buryats and a wide range of Turko-Mongols serves a personification of the cosmological classifier.
Еще раз о кара-китаях в домонгольских мусульманских источниках на примере анонимного персидского сочинения 1133 г.
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies of the RAS (12, Rozhdestvenka St., 107031 Moscow, Russian Federation), Timokhin Dmitry M. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. The article deals with the concept ‘Kara Khitai’ in Muslim historical writings. In particular, the paper examines a relatively well-known anonymous Persian-language text of 1133 containing valuable messages on the Kara Khitai invasion of East Turkestan. Goals. The study aims to analyze information about the Kara Khitai from the specified text and correlate the data with those traced in other 12th–13th century Muslim historical compositions. Materials and methods. The work considers a wide range of Muslim historical texts of both the pre-Mongol period and that of the Mongol invasion proper comprising data on the mentioned issues. And again, the anonymous Persian text of 1133 is integral to the collection of letters and documents first partially published by V. V. Bartold with the title ‘Insha’. This text narrates, in particular, that after the victorious campaign of Khwarazmshah Atsiz deep into Turkestan the latter would send fath-namehs — to receive a response from the ruler of Kashgar who was announcing his own victory over the ‘infidels’ led by a nameless leader referred to none other than ‘the One-Eyed’. A comparison of this message to later ones in Ibn al-Athir’s Al-Kāmil fī al-tārīkh (The Complete History) results in a convincing conclusion there is a connection between the two texts. As for the victory of Kashgar’s ruler over the Kara Khitai, that was rather a local success since those invaders were not only able to eventually conquer the region but also extended their power to the adjacent lands. Conclusions. A comparative analysis of the anonymous work included in the Insha collection and Ibn al-Athir’s text may suggest a preliminary implication the Arab historian had been familiar with the former narrative and, apparently, that was where he borrowed the image of ‘the One-Eyed’ ruler of the Kara Khitai. No other 12th century Muslim texts (synchronous with the Insha) mention the latter, nor historical works from the first quarter of the 13th century — which Ibn al-Athir could have turned to — contain anything of the kind.
Печать Дайчин Шаса-Бюджа-хана
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Mitruev Bembya L. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. The seal of Daichin Shasa-Byuja Khan holds a special place among those once owned by Kalmyk rulers and landlords. The seal was granted to the Kalmyk Khan Tseren-Donduk by the 7th Dalai Lama. It is uniquely distinguished by that this is the only royal seal to bear the title of its owner. Goals. The article aims to introduce sigillographic data from the seal of Tseren-Donduk into scientific circulation, reveal the meaning of the title ‘Daichin Shasa-Byuja Khan’, and propose a hypothesis of its origin. Materials and methods. The study analyzes letters of Tseren-Donduk to Saratov Voivode V. P. Beklemishev and Astrakhan Governor I. P. Izmailov stored at the National Archive of Kalmykia. The employed research methods are the comparative historical one and that of literary investigation. Results. The work introduces a translation of this title supplemented with a hypothesis of its origin. The former is exemplified by another monument of Tibetan sphragistics which has a legend in Sanskrit written in the ʼPhags-pa script . The paper clarifies the meaning of the title ‘Daichin Shasa-Byuja Khan’, articulates the legend on Tseren-Donduk’s seal, gives an example of a similar Tibetan seal, and also delivers a hypothesis on origins of the title.
Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Menggunakan Rasio Profitabilitas dan Economic Value Added di PT. Astra International TBK
Authors: Sarda Sultan , Nasrullah Nasrullah 
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Rasio Profitabilitas dan Economic Value Added (EVA) terhadap Kinerja keuangan Kinerja keuangan PT. Astra International Tbk tahun 2017-2019. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Pengumpulan Data berupa dokumentasi yaitu berupa laporan keuangan yang dipublikasikan oleh PT. Astra International Tbk tahun 2017-2019. Data-data yang dibutuhkan tersebut diambil melalui website BEI yaitu PT Bursa Efek Indonesia (idx.co.id). Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif antara lain dengan menggunakan pengukuran rasio profitabilitas, yaitu Return On Asset (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE),Net Profit Margin (NPM),Gross Profit Margin (GPM), dan dengan menggunakan pengukuran Metode EVA. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kinerja keuangan PT. Astra International Tbk periode 2017-2019 berdasarkan: 1) ROA dinilai sangat kurang baik, hal ini berdasarkan hasil perhitungan rata- rata ROA selama 3 tahun yaitu sebesar 7,77% jauh dari standar rasio ROA sebesar 30%. 2) ROE dinilai sangat kurang baik, hal ini berdasarkan hasil perhitungan rata- rata ROE selama 3 tahun yaitu 14,91%, yang berada dibawah standar rasio ROE sebesar 40% NPM dinilai sangat kurang baik, hal ini berdasarkan hasil perhitungan rata-rata NPM selama 3 tahun adalah sebesar 11.3%, yang masih berada jauh dibawah standar rasio NPM yaitu sebesar 20%. 3) GPM dinilai kurang baik, hal ini berdasarkan hasil perhitungan rata-rata GPM adalah sebesar 20,98%. dan hasil tersebut sudah berada dibawah standar rasio GPM yaitu sebesar 30%. 4) ROA dinilai sangat kurang baik, hal ini berdasarkan hasil perhitungan rata- rata ROA selama 3 tahun yaitu sebesar 7,77% sangat jauh dari standar rasio ROA sebesar 30% dan berdasarkan EVA yang positif yaitu EVA > 0 (Eva Lebih dari Nol) yang berarti perusahaan telah dapat menciptakan nilai tambah perusahaan walaupun dalam tiap tahun penelitian nilai EVA perusahaan mengalami naik turun.
Kelayakan Finansial Usaha Budidaya Ikan Nila di Kecamatan Palolo Kabupaten Sigi
Authors: Hartina Hartina , Rauf Rustam Abd. , Serdiati Novalina 
Published: August 2022

Budidaya ikan merupakan salah satu komponen yang penting pada sektor perikanan. ikan nila merupakan komoditas perikanan yang digemari masyarakat dalam memenuhi kebutuhan protein hewani karena memiliki daging yang tebal serta rasa yang enak. Memenuhi permintaan dapat ditingkatkan dengan mengefisienkan kegiatan usahatani pembenihan, sehingga kombinasi input-input yang dibutuhkan oleh pembudidaya akan sangat berpengaruh terhadap jumlah produksi ikan nila yang dihasilkan. Kelayakan usaha ikan nila dilakukan pada pengusaha yang sudah ada saat ini, untuk mendapatkan gambaran besarnya biaya yang telah dikeluarkan dan dibandingkan dengan besarnya manfaat yang telah diperoleh serta gambaran biaya manfaat dimasa akan datang Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui kelayakan finansial usaha budidaya ikan nila di Kecamatan Palolo Kabupaten Sigi. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 50 Orang. Penentuan sampel dilakukan dengan metode sensus. Hasil Analisis kelayakan finansial menunjukkan bahwa pembudidaya ikan nila di Kecamatan Palolo Kabupaten sigi tergolong dalam kategori layak untuk diusahakan pembudidaya ikan nila dengan hasil perhitungna Net Present Value (NPV) yang diperoleh sebesar Rp. 6.297.121 lebih besar dari 0, sehingga layak untuk dijalankan. Net Benefit Cost Ration( Net B/C ) Sebesar, 1,07 lebih besar dari 1, sehingga usaha ini layak untuk dijalnkan. Internal Rate Of Return ( IRR ) sebesar 17,3 % artinya pembudidaya ikan nila di Desa Tanah Harapan dan Desa Rahmat tersebut layak untuk dijalankan karena tingkat pengembalian laebih besar dari tingkat suku bunga yang berlaku (i=6%) dan Payback Pariode memiliki masa pengembalian selama 2 tahun 11 Bulan. Artinya, dalam jangka waktu tersebut biaya investasi yang dikeluarkan dapat kembali, jadi semakin cepat jangka waktu pengembalian biaya investasi, maka usaha yang dijalankan semakin baik.
Foot-and-Mouth Disease in the Russian Federation, 1991 – 2020: a retrospective epidemiological analysis
Authors: Korennoy Fedor , A.V. Mishchenko , A.S. Oganesyan , V.A. Mishchenko , A.M. Gulyukin , A.А. Shabeykin , O.N. Petrova 
Published: August 2022

Our intention in writing this paper is to conduct a retrospective
epidemiological analysis of foot and mouth disease (hereinafter referred
to as FMD) outbreaks reported in livestock in the Russian Federation
from 1991 to 2020. The paper provides space-time patterns of FMD
outbreaks and describes risk factors, FMD prevention and control
strategies. 97 FMD outbreaks caused by A, O and Asia-1 serotypes were
reported in cattle, small ruminants and pigs in the Russian Federation
in the study period. These outbreaks were mainly concentrated along the
Russian-Chinese border. The analysis reveals a high incidence rate of A
and O serotypes, which accounted for 79% of all outbreaks, as well as a
trend towards forming time-space clusters in 2005 and in 2013-2019.
Sufficient data were collected to identify 9 statistically significant
time-space clusters formed by FMD outbreaks: 3 clusters (the FMDV
serotype A) lasted 27 - 62 days, 4 clusters (the FMDV serotype O) lasted
6 - 27 days, one cluster (the FMDV serotype Asia-1) lasted 125 days, and
a mixed cluster composed of A and O serotypes that lasted 552 days. Risk
factors associated with pathogen introduction were underestimated and it
undermined biosecurity and biosafety when keeping and moving animals. It
has been argued that the underestimation of risk factors is the major
cause of outbreaks. Due to it, direct and indirect contacts with
carriers, including wild migrating [cloven-hoofed
animal](https://www.multitran.com/m.exe?s=cloven-hoofed+animal&l1=1&l2=2)s,
became possible. Based on the work carried out we have come to the
conclusion that developing cross-border cooperation is urgently needed
to prevent and control FMD.
Situation with Fires and the Effectiveness of Fire Alarm Systems at Shipping Facilities
Authors: Poroshin A. A. , Zdor V. L. , Semenenko N. V. , Volkov I. V. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. Shipping, as one of the infrastructural transport communications, is a strategic branch of the economy of the Russian Federation. The timely delivery of goods, equipment, materials and raw materials to consumers depends on the reliability of shipping facilities operation. Therefore, ensuring safety, preventing man-made and natural destructive events are urgent and priority tasks of the owners of such facilities. Among the incidents that can cause significant direct and indirect damage, the most dangerous are fires. In this regard, in order to make management decisions on fire safety, it is necessary to know the situation with fires, to understand their social and economic consequences, to be able to identify possible causes for fires both at construction infrastructure facilities (shipyards, docks, port facilities) and on watercraft. At the same time, an important component in making such decisions is the study of the effectiveness of the fire alarm as a primary element in the general technological systems of fire automation on shipping facilities.Problem Statement. The objective of the study is to analyze the causes of fires and the operation of fire alarm systems at shipping facilities.Theoretical Part. Based on statistical data on fires and their consequences for 2017-2021, the social (the number of dead and injured people) and economic (direct material damage) consequences of fires at shipyards, port facilities, watercraft (ships, boats, vessels) and docks are analyzed. Estimates of the effectiveness of fire alarm systems at shipping facilities are given.Conclusions. The efficiency of fire alarm systems at all shipping facilities is on average at the level of 90%. At the same time, for sea and river vessels, this figure is about 82%, for port facilities it is almost 100%. But despite such a high level of fire alarm systems, it is not possible to avoid social and material consequences of fires. In addition, it should be noted that most fires occur at shipping facilities that are privately owned. At shipyards, port facilities and docks, fires on private property account for 71% of the total number of fires. On private sea and river vessels, the proportion of fires reaches 90%.
Study of Death and Injury Risks Dynamics of the Federal Fire-Fighting Service Personnel Using Time Series Smoothing
Authors: Mashtakov V. A. , Kondashov A. A. , Bobrinev E. V. , Shavyrina T. A. , Udavtsova E. Yu. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. Studies of risks dynamics of death and injury of the Federal Fire-Fighting Service personnel in the performance of official duties for a long period (from 2006 to 2021) have shown that difficulties often arise due to the heterogeneity of data, their significant fluctuations in different periods of time and the influence of random factors.Problem Statement. In this paper, to study the risks of death and injury of personnel of the Federal Fire-Fighting Service of the State Fire Service in the performance of official duties, time series smoothing methods (the moving average method and the exponential smoothing method) were used, which made it possible to eliminate abnormal observations and reduce the influence of random factors.Theoretical Part. To identify trends in the risks of death and injury of personnel of the Federal Fire-Fighting Service of the State Fire Service in the performance of official duties, the method of time series smoothing was used. The methods of moving average and exponential smoothing are considered. The distribution of the risks of injury and death of the personnel of the Federal Fire-Fighting Service of the State Fire Service in the performance of official duties for the period 2006-2021 is shown, the average annual levels of injury and death risks for this period are determined, the dynamics of the ratio of the number of cases of injury and death in these years is considered.Conclusions. The number of registered cases of injuries has decreased due to the improvement of the occupational safety management system. During the period from 2006 to 2021, there was a reduction in the risk of injury to personnel by 4 times. The ratio of the number of injured and dead has significantly decreased (by more than three times) — from 31.5 to 9.4. In addition, as a result of occupational safety management system improvement, the number of injuries with severe and moderate damage has decreased due to their transition to the category of injuries with light damage.
Consistency of morphological dictionary MorfFlex
Authors: Hlaváčová Jaroslava , Mikulová Marie , Štěpánková Barbora 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Language corpora usually contain, in addition to their own texts, various types of annotations. The most common one is a morphological annotation, which consists in assigning a lemma and a morphological tag to each wordform. For morphological tagging, morphological dictionaries are traditionally used. Our paper presents a new version of the so-called “Prague” morphological dictionary MorfFlex used for tagging many Czech corpora (particularly Prague Dependency Treebanks, corpora published by the Institute of the Czech National Corpus in Prague or large Czech web corpora of the Aranea series). Three basic principles were used to update the dictionary: the Golden Rule of Morphology, the Principle of Paradigm Unity, and the Principle of Paradigm Uniqueness.
Identifying Errors in Russian Web Corpora
Authors: Khokhlova Maria 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The explosion of the Web leads to the production of large amounts of texts and inevitably influences their quality. Errors that tend to occur more often can distort results, especially when texts are used for scientific purposes, in language teaching or learning. Hence, there is a need to examine the existing corpora based on web texts and to clean up the data, which may contain such “noisy” fragments. In our study, we deal with the problem of errors and analyze the Aranea Russicum Maximum corpus. Among such errors, we can name, above all, encoding errors, incorrect font types, as well as segments written in other languages. These phenomena result in incorrect morphological analysis and lemmatization, frequency distortion, as well as the fact that lexical units cannot be found and therefore displayed to corpus users. The paper focuses on the errors, describes their types and outlines possible ways to eliminate them.
A Project Work as a Way of Bringing Corpora to Secondary School
Authors: Kogan Marina , Zakharov Victor 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Corpus linguistics is one of the most dynamic and rapidly developing areas of modern linguistics. It affects all areas of linguistics, including methodology of teaching foreign languages, translation and other linguistic disciplines. Corpus linguistics has had a direct impact on teaching foreign languages. However, in general, it remains a marginal method in teaching. Analysis of publications on the subject allows us to conclude that very few studies are long-term and aimed at working with schoolchildren. This article proposes a model for the development of sustainable interest among high school students in online corpora as sources of linguistic information, including the initiation stage in the form of project work in mini-groups to study well-known sayings with the consequent stage aiming at completing tasks supplementing the main textbook on a regular basis. The organization of project work addressing the corps of 11th grade students of the Natural Science Lyceum at Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University is described. The paper outlines further research.
Chinese Language Word Embeddings Based on the Corpus Hanku
Authors: Garabík Radovan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Vector models based on word embeddings are an indispensable part of advanced Natural Language Processing research and language analysis. We describe several Chinese language (Pǔtōnghuà) word embeddings, the differences from “western” language models caused by specific orthographic and linguistic features of the written Chinese language, and introduce a publicly available web interface for querying the vector models, aimed at linguistically or pedagogically oriented users.
Mathematical Model for Household Off-Grid Simulation (Off-Grid System Sizing)
Authors: Groza E. , Gicevskis K. , Linkevics O. , Kiene S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The paper presents the results of the research, which was initiated in our previous publication. The main goal of the research is to develop and validate our own multi-objective simulation tool for determination of optimal mix and sizing of off-grid and grid-connected microgrid systems. The first version of the developed model was tailored specifically for simulation of household off-grid system, which consisted of solar photovoltaics (PV), micro wind turbine, electric batteries, and backup power generator. Proposed algorithms are based on simulation of mentioned resources and hourly electric loads of off-grid system with the objective to reduce unsupplied energy volumes and total system costs. Several alternatives were considered with different configurations of the off-grid system and dispatching strategies of available resources. The developed model was validated with calculations of real off-grid system and results were compared to those, which were made in the previous publication, using Homer Pro software.