bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging FDA Labeling Documents and Large Language Model to Enhance Annotation, Profiling, and Classification of Drug Adverse Events with AskFDALabel
Authors: Wu Leihong , Fang Hong , Qu Yanyan , Xu Joshua , Tong Weida 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Drug adverse events (AEs) represent a significant public health concern. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drug labeling documents are an essential resource for studying drug safety such as assessing a drug’s likelihood to cause certain organ toxicities; however, the manual extraction of AEs is labor-intensive, requires specialized expertise, and is challenging to maintain, due to frequent updates of the labeling documents.

Objective
To automate the extraction of AE data from FDA drug labeling documents, we developed a workflow based on AskFDALabel, a large language model (LLM)-powered framework, and its demonstration in drug safety studies.

Methods
This framework incorporates a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) component based on FDALabel to enhance standard LLM inference. Key steps include (1) selection of a task-specific template, (2) FDALabel database querying, and (3) content preparation for LLM processing. We evaluated the performance of the framework in three benchmark experiments, including drug-induced liver injury (DILI) classification, drug-induced cardiotoxicity (DICT) classification, and AE term recognition.

Results
AskFDALabel achieved F1-scores of 0.978 for DILI, 0.931 for DICT, and 0.911 for AE annotation, outperforming other traditional methods. It also provided cited labeling content and detailed explanations, facilitating manual verification.

Conclusion
AskFDALabel exhibited high consistency with human AE annotation, particularly in classifying and profiling DILI and DICT. Thus, it can significantly enhance the efficiency and accuracy of AE annotation, with promising potential for advanced AE surveillance and drug safety research.
Personalised screening tool for early detection of sarcopenia in stroke patients: a machine learning-based comparative study
Authors: Yan Huan , Li Juan , Li Yujie , Xian Lihong , Tang Huan , Zhao Xuejiao , Lu Ting 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Sarcopenia is a common complication in patients with stroke, adversely affecting recovery and increasing mortality risk. However, no standardised tool exists for its screening in this population. This study aims to identify factors influencing sarcopenia in patients with stroke, develop a risk prediction model and evaluate its predictive performance.

Methods
Data from 794 patients with stroke were analysed to assess demographic and clinical characteristics. Variable selection was performed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, followed by multivariate regression analysis. Logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF) and XGBoost algorithms were used to construct prediction models, with the optimal model subjected to external validation. Internal validation was conducted via bootstrap resampling, and external validation involved an additional cohort of 159 patients with stroke. Model performance was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC), calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results
Seven variables were identified through LASSO and multivariate regression analysis. The LR model achieved the highest AUC (0.805), outperforming the RF (0.796) and XGBoost (0.780) models. Additionally, the LR model exhibited superior accuracy, precision, recall, specificity and F1-score. External validation confirmed the LR model’s robustness, with an AUC of 0.816. Calibration and DCA curves demonstrated their accuracy and clinical applicability.

Conclusions
A predictive model, presented as a nomogram and an online risk calculator, was developed to assess sarcopenia risk in patients with stroke. Early screening using this model may facilitate timely interventions and improve patient outcomes.
A Recommender System of Postgraduate Courses Based on Soft Skills: A Psychometric-inspired Approach
Authors: Pinos Ullauri Luis Alberto , Lebis Alexis , Karami Abir , Vermeulen Mathieu , Fleury Anthony , Van den Noortgate Wim 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Higher Education is constantly pushing to include soft skills in their curricula. An alternative could be to personalise their curricula so that students could better develop their soft skills. However, there are not many studies that investigate how to personalise the students’ curricula based on their soft skills, especially if we consider multiple soft skills that need development. The aim of the article is to propose a recommender system framework based on soft skills in order to bridge the soft skills gap between the expected proficiency by employers and the actual proficiency of graduates. The approach is illustrated using real data from three cohorts of students that graduated in the years 2021, 2022 and 2023 at a French Higher Education Institution. We use a psychometric modelling approach to predict the soft skills proficiency of students within a genetic algorithm framework. We define three fitness functions and two aggregation methods, with which we can quantify the relevance of a set of courses across 10 different soft skills (e.g., Problem Solving, Leadership). The results show the recommendations to have, on average, a higher fitness than the actual courses taken by the students during the program. Moreover, there is significant evidence that the recommendations would allow the students to satisfy more of the soft skill targets compared to the courses the students actually took.
An in-depth study of dust samples reveals microplastic (MP) contamination in indoor commercial markets
Authors: Bhat Mansoor Ahmad , Gaga Eftade O. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Environmental research on marine and terrestrial microplastics (MPs) is widespread compared to indoor MP dynamics. This study analysed indoor dust samples from markets for MP identification, adding to indoor MP pollution studies. The physical characterisation of these samples involved stereomicroscopy, revealing a wide range of MPs, including fibres, fragments, and pellets of various colours, such as black, brown, blue, red, and yellow. The average size of identified MPs was 143.26–4168.6 µm. Under micro-Raman, 120 particles were examined, and 105 MPs were revealed. MPs were categorised into 17 categories: acrylonitrile butadiene, polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and others. These MPs were associated with various indoor sources, such as paints, cosmetics, plastic items, and textiles. The distribution of detected MPs differed between the various indoor market dust samples. SEM–EDX evaluation further showed the elemental composition of the MPs, including common elements like carbon–oxygen and elements associated with additives or environmental contamination, such as silicon, aluminium, iron, sodium, fluorine, and zinc. The presence of these elements suggests diverse sources and potential toxicities of the identified MPs. The findings support indoor dust studies and illuminate marketplace MPs. Due to higher concentrations and sources, widespread indoor MPs may enhance health concerns.
Anti-cancer effect of Thymus vulgaris based synthesized gold nanoparticles in giant macroporous silica: impact on MCF-7 breast cancer cells
Authors: Koc-Bilican Behlul , Benarous Samiha , Koca Fatih Dogan , Cansaran-Duman Demet , Sørensen Martin Vinther , Bilican Ismail , Kaya Murat 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Conventional cancer therapies, while effective, are frequently associated with significant adverse effects owing to their lack of selectivity, impacting both malignant and healthy cells. To address these challenges, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have emerged as a promising platform for targeted drug delivery. Giant macroporous silica (GMS) is a recently developed material, with its drug delivery potential explored in only a single study to date. In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized using Thymus vulgaris (garden thyme) extract were incorporated into GMS, forming GMS-AuNPs. Additionally, AuNPs coated with chitosan (AuNPs@CS) were similarly loaded into GMS, resulting in GMS-AuNPs@CS composites. The synthesized materials were characterized through light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The anti-cancer effects of GMS-AuNPs and GMS-AuNPs@CS were assessed against breast cancer cells using real-time cell analysis. Notably, no cytotoxic effects were observed on MCF-12 A normal breast epithelial cells at any of the tested concentrations. GMS-AuNPs demonstrated a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cells. These findings suggest that GMS-AuNPs hold promise as a potential therapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment.
Perspektivische Erweiterung in der Klinischen Ethikberatung: Der Beitrag der Care-Ethik
Authors: Seidlein Anna-Henrikje , Porz Rouven , Kohlen Helen 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Klinische Ethikberatung als Ansatz der Unterstützung in moralischen Fragen und Konflikten ist ein weit verbreitetes Instrument. Klinische Ethikberatende bedienen sich für die Durchführung von Fallberatungen unterschiedlichster Modelle, denen verschiedene normativ-ethische Theorien zugrunde liegen. Ethische Theorien dienen damit mittelbar als Paradigmata, die das Denken (vor-)strukturieren und den Diskurs leiten. Eine Auseinandersetzung mit der der jeweiligen Methode der Klinischen Ethikberatung zugrunde liegenden Theorie und ihren epistemologischen Vorannahmen ist deshalb nötig.
Ausgehend von der Prämisse, dass in jeder Klinischen Ethikberatung auch Fragen der Vielfalt und Gerechtigkeit eine Rolle spielen, zeigt der Aufsatz, dass diese Aspekte konsequenter als bisher mitgedacht werden müssen. Es wird dargestellt, dass eine um intersektionale Perspektiven erweiterte Care-Ethik diesem Zweck dienlich sein kann, indem sie es ermöglicht, die Komplexität und Vielschichtigkeit moralischer Problemlagen angemessen zu erfassen.
Wir plädieren damit für eine Integration dieser Perspektiven in die in Deutschland gängigen Modelle Klinischer Ethikberatung, um Verzerrungen und epistemische Ungerechtigkeit zu vermeiden, die einem angemessenen Umgang mit den moralischen Fragen und Problemen der Betroffenen und dem Problemlösungsanspruch der Ethikberatenden entgegenstehen.
Mechanical fracture of lattice structures fabricated by selective laser sintering
Authors: Khosravani Mohammad Reza , Bieler Sören , Weinberg Kerstin , Reinicke Tamara 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The current study is focused on the static and dynamic behavior of different 3D-printed lattice structures fabricated by selective laser sintering (SLS) technique. To this end, body-centered cubic and face-centered cubic lattice structures were designed and printed using polyamide 12 (PA 12) material. A series of compression tests were performed on the lattice specimens under static loading conditions. We used the conventional split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) at the impact speed of 12 m/s to determine the dynamic behavior of 3D-printed structures under high strain rate. In experimental practices, a high-speed camera was utilized as non-contact optical technique to document the process from initial impact till the specimen failure. In addition, finite element models were developed to determine the dynamic mechanical response of the lattice models. The experimental results indicated that the compressive strength increased with the loading rate. It confirmed the strain rare sensitivity of the studied PA 12. The results of this study can be employed to enhance the design of 3D-printed lattice structures for their further engineering applications.
Assessing groundwater vulnerability to contamination using the SINTACS model and GIS: a case study at Akoon, Tarkwa-Ghana
Authors: Munko-Abo Yamoa , Philomina Joyceline , Seidu Jamel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Even though groundwater constitutes the main water supply sources, it is fraught with challenges of water quality issues such as groundwater contamination in which most of these contaminants are external in origin. Groundwater has been treated as an important source of water supply due to relatively low vulnerability to contamination compared to surface waters. Groundwater in hard- rock aquifers, particularly in mining areas are known to be vulnerable to quality problems that may have serious impact on the human health as reported by Smedley et al. (in: British Geological Survey, Technical Report, WC/95/43. p 122, 1995). For the purpose of this study, the most widely used method for delineating areas where groundwater is more vulnerable to contamination is used which is the SINTACS model with the integration of a computerbased GIS. The SINTACS model uses seven environmental parameters to characterize the hydrogeological setting and evaluate the aquifer vulnerability to contamination. In this study the SINTACS model was applied to a part of Tarkwa specifically at Akoon to generate a vulnerability map for the area. The whole area was classified as medium, high and very high vulnerability zones which were characterized by the rock types of Tarkwa phyllite, Huni sandstone and the Banket series respectively. This suggests that boreholes within the Banket series which is mainly dominated by quartzite is more vulnerable to contamination. From the analysis, depth to water table and effective infiltration inflicted the greatest impact on the intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer.
A comparative analysis of vitrification and two slow freezing methods for gonocyte-containing neonatal calf testicular tissue and subsequent in vitro culture
Authors: Tang Shiyan , Jones Celine , Davies Jill , Lane Sheila , Coward Kevin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The cryopreservation of neonatal testicular tissue containing gonocytes is crucial for preserving genetic diversity, advancing research, and developing reproductive technologies. In this study, we investigated three cryopreservation techniques, slow freezing (in which the rate of freezing was controlled or uncontrolled) and vitrification, using neonatal bovine testicular tissues containing gonocytes, followed by in vitro culture to evaluate cell functionality. Vitrification resulted in a significantly lower proportion (19.15 ± 1.82%) of seminiferous tubules with > 70% attachment to the basement membrane in comparison to both the controlled slow freezing group (47.89 ± 10.98%) and the uncontrolled slow freezing group (39.05 ± 4.15%) (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the proportion of seminiferous tubules containing PGP9.5-positive germ cells when compared between the three methods. Comparable densities of germ cells per unit area were observed in the controlled/uncontrolled slow freezing groups and the vitrification group (7.89 ± 1.83, 7.75 ± 1.75, and 7.92 ± 1.23/104 µm2, respectively). In addition, the proportions of Sertoli cells (vimentin-positive) and proliferating cells (Ki67-positive) were similar across the three cryopreservation methods. There were no significant differences in cell membrane integrity and the expression of selected genes when compared between the three cryopreservation groups. Compared to fresh tissue, the uncontrolled slow freezing groups exhibited significantly higher levels of apoptosis (P < 0.05); there was no significant change in the controlled slow freezing and vitrification group. Notably, all in vitro cultures of testicular cells, from both fresh and freeze/thawed tissues, displayed the formation of germ cell colonies. Our data demonstrate that vitrification effectively preserves neonatal bovine testicular tissues containing gonocytes, safeguarding cell membrane integrity, promoting proliferation, and protecting against apoptosis. Collectively, these findings propose vitrification as a promising alternative cryopreservation method for immature testicular tissue (ITT) in clinical applications.
Worst-case reinsurance strategy with likelihood ratio uncertainty
Authors: Landriault David , Liu Fangda , Shi Ziyue 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we explore a non-cooperative optimal reinsurance problem incorporating likelihood ratio uncertainty, aiming to minimize the worst-case risk of the total retained loss for the insurer. We establish a general relation between the optimal reinsurance strategy under the reference probability measure and the strategy in the worst-case scenario. This relation can further be generalized to insurance design problems quantified by tail risk measures. We also characterize distortion risk measures for which the insurer’s optimal strategy remains the same in the worst-case scenario. As an application, we determine the optimal policies for the worst-case scenario using an expectile risk measure. Additionally, we propose and explore a cooperative problem, which can be viewed as a general risk sharing problem between two agents in a comonotonic market. We determine the risk measure value and the optimal reinsurance strategy in the worst-case scenario for the insurer and compare the results from the non-cooperative and cooperative models.
Recommendations for interdisciplinary research collaboration for early career dissemination and implementation researchers: A multi-phase study
Authors: Lane Hannah G. , Allgood Sallie D. , Schexnayder Julie , Bosworth Hayden B. , Baumann Ana A. , Lewinski Allison A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Dissemination and implementation (D&I) scientists are key members of collaborative, interdisciplinary clinical and translational research teams. Yet, early career D&I researchers (ECRs) have few guidelines for cultivating productive research collaborations. We developed recommendations for ECRs in D&I when serving as collaborators or co-investigators.

Methods:
We employed a consensus-building approach: (1) group discussions to identify 3 areas of interest: “Marketing yourself” (describing your value to non-D&I collaborators), “Collaboration considerations” (contributions during proposal development), and “Responsibilities following project initiation” (defining your role throughout projects); (2) first survey and focus groups to iteratively rank/refine sub-domains within each area; (3) second survey and expert input on clarity/content of sub-domains; and (4) iterative development of key recommendations.

Results:
Forty-four D&I researchers completed the first survey, 12 of whom attended one of three focus groups. Twenty-nine D&I researchers completed the second survey (n = 29) and 10 experts provided input. We identified 25 recommendations. Findings suggest unique collaboration strengths (e.g, partnership-building) and challenges (e.g., unclear link to career milestones) for ECR D&I researchers, and underscore the value of ongoing training and mentorship for ECRs and the need to intersect collaborative D&I efforts with health equity principles.

Conclusions:
Research collaborations are essential in clinical and translational research. We identified recommendations for D&I ECRs to be productive research collaborators, including training and support needs for the field. Findings suggest an opportunity to examine research collaboration needs among early career D&I scientists, and provide guidance on how to successfully provide mentorship and integrate health equity principles into collaborative research.
Digital & data-driven transformations in governance: a landscape review
Authors: Giest Sarah , McBride Keegan , Nikiforova Anastasija , Sikder Sujit Kumar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Data for Policy (dataforpolicy.org), a global community, focuses on policy–data interactions by exploring how data can be used for policy in an ethical, responsible, and efficient manner. Within its journal, six focus areas, including Data for Policy Area 1: Digital & Data-driven Transformations in Governance, were established to delineate the evolving research landscape from the Data for Policy Conference series. This review addresses the absence of a formal conceptualization of digital and data-driven transformations in governance within this focus area. The paper achieves this by providing a working definition, mapping current research trends, and proposing a future research agenda centered on three core transformations: (1) public participation and collective intelligence; (2) relationships and organizations; and (3) open data and government. The paper outlines research questions and connects these transformations to related areas such as artificial intelligence (AI), sustainable smart cities, digital divide, data governance, co-production, and service quality. This contribution forms the foundational development of a research agenda for academics and practitioners engaged in or impacted by digital and data-driven transformations in policy and governance.
Decoloniality, dewesternisation, and the Responsibility to Protect
Authors: Dunford Robin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) has been shaped by advocacy from states in the Global South. How should the impacts of this advocacy be understood? This paper argues that whilst Global South and rising-power engagement has shaped R2P, it has not unpicked elements of coloniality that remain embedded in the norm. In placing greater emphasis on state responsibilities to protect over international responsibilities, rising-power advocacy embeds further in R2P a colonial concept of the state which has been mobilised to ward off criticism of the state’s colonial projects in its own peripheries. Moreover, the entrenchment of a colonial concept of the state at the heart of R2P reinforces a diagnosis according to which atrocity crimes occur due to failures within the state in which atrocity takes place. This diagnosis erases the role coloniality plays in the internationalised production of atrocity crimes, whilst also framing outsider states as potential saviours, thereby reproducing colonial saviourisms in R2P. Whilst R2P may be a dewesternised norm, it has thus not been decolonised.
Cuspidal
${\ell }$
-modular representations of
$\operatorname {GL}_n({ F})$
distinguished by a Galois involution
Authors: Kurinczuk Robert , Matringe Nadir , Sécherre Vincent 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Let

${ F}/{ F}_0$

be a quadratic extension of non-Archimedean locally compact fields of residual characteristic

$p\neq 2$

with Galois automorphism

$\sigma $

, and let R be an algebraically closed field of characteristic

$\ell \notin \{0,p\}$

. We reduce the classification of

$\operatorname {GL}_n({ F}_0)$

-distinguished cuspidal R-representations of

$\operatorname {GL}_n({ F})$

to the level

$0$

setting. Moreover, under a parity condition, we give necessary conditions for a

$\sigma $

-self-dual cuspidal R-representation to be distinguished. Finally, we classify the distinguished cuspidal

${\overline {\mathbb {F}}_{\ell }}$

-representations of

$\operatorname {GL}_n({ F})$

having a distinguished cuspidal lift to

${\overline {\mathbb {Q}}_\ell }$

.
ESCALATING GROUND RENTS IN RESIDENTIAL LEASES AND CONSUMER PROTECTION
Authors: Bright Susan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Escalating ground rents in long residential leases (rents that double or are adjusted by reference to an index at regular intervals) have been described as onerous and can prevent property sales. This article considers whether they are legally enforceable under consumer protection legislation. Although litigation would be needed both to clarify the application of key provisions in the Consumer Rights Act 2015 to ground rent terms, and to take account of the individual lease terms, the article concludes that escalating ground rent provisions may not be binding where the leaseholder is a consumer. Further, if the rent provisions are held to be unfair it would mean that the leaseholder does not have to pay and can recover sums already paid. This conclusion would therefore also weaken the human rights arguments made against the government’s plans to tackle problematic ground rents.