bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UNC93B1 attenuates the cGAS–STING signaling pathway by targeting STING for autophagy–lysosome degradation
Authors: Zhu Huifang , Zhang Rongzhao , Yi Li , Tang Yan‐Dong , Zheng Chunfu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a pivotal innate immune adaptor, and its functions during DNA virus infections have been extensively documented. However, its homeostatic regulation is not well understood. Our study demonstrates that Unc‐93 homolog B1 (UNC93B1) is a crucial checker for STING to prevent hyperactivation. Ectopic expression of UNC93B1 attenuates IFN‐β promoter activity and the transcriptions of IFN‐β, ISG54, and ISG56 genes. Moreover, UNC93B1 also blocks the IRF3 nuclear translocation induced by ectopic expression of both cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS) and STING and reduces the stability of STING by facilitating its autophagy–lysosome degradation, which can be reversed by lysosome inhibitors. Mechanistically, UNC93B1 interacts with STING and suppresses STING‐activated downstream signaling by delivering STING to the lysosomes for degradation, depending on its trafficking capability. UNC93B1 knockout in human embryonic kidney 293T cells facilitates IFN‐β promoter activity, IFN‐β, ISG54, and ISG56 transcriptions, and IRF3 nuclear translocation induced by ectopic expression of cGAS and STING. Infected with herpes simplex virus‐1 (HSV‐1), UNC93B1 knockdown BJ cells or primary peritoneal macrophages from Unc93b1‐deficient (Unc93b1−/−) mice show enhanced IFN‐β, ISG54, and ISG56 transcriptions, TBK1 phosphorylation, and reduced STING degradation and viral replication. In addition, Unc93b1−/− mice exhibit higher IFN‐β, ISG54, and ISG56 transcriptions and lower mortality upon HSV‐1 infection in vivo. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that UNC93B1 attenuates the cGAS–STING signaling pathway by targeting STING for autophagy–lysosome degradation and provide novel insights into the function of UNC93B1 in antiviral innate immunity.
The tremors of interconnected triggers over time: How psychological contract breach can erupt
Authors: Wiechers Hermien E. , Coyle‐Shapiro Jacqueline A.‐M. , Lub Xander D. , ten Have Steven 
Published: May 2022

SummaryAdopting an intra‐individual process, we explore the dynamics that underlie the emergence of a psychological contract breach. Thirty‐seven unique storylines expose how selected stimuli shake employees' psychological contracts to attention and give rise to perceptions of breach as a result of an iterative process of disrupting (introducing triggers that prompt a shift from automatic processing to conscious attention of psychological contract terms), appraisal (revealing elements—goals, attribution, fairness, and resources—playing a role in appraising and making sense of triggers), and (problem‐focused and emotion‐focused) coping. We discuss the implications of accounting for breach in the absence of a discrete event and draw on selective attention theory to differentiate when stimuli become triggers with the capacity to activate the psychological contract. We extend existing research by revealing the unique role that triggers, and their interconnectedness play in the cognition of contract breach, building up pressure until a threshold has been surpassed and breach is perceived. Our study highlights the need for managers to use strategies to deescalate the accumulation of triggers.
Response of the water footprint of maize production to high temperatures in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai region of China
Authors: Li Yingjie , Qi Xinyu , Wang Kaixuan , Gu Jiali , Zhao Jinfeng , Hu Xinyu , Sun Shikun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDWater footprint (WF) can comprehensively evaluate agricultural water use efficiency under high‐temperature weather. Based on the historical meteorological data in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai (3H) region of China, this study used the percentile threshold method to analyze the distribution of high‐temperature events and set three types of meteorological scenarios, namely the actual temperature scenario (S1), the high temperatures in the ear stage scenario (S2), and the high temperatures in the flowering‐maturity stage scenario (S3). The growing degree day (GDD) mode and calendar day (CD) mode in the AquaCrop model were used to simulate the yield per unit area (Yunit) of maize under different temperature scenarios and then the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and production WF during maize growth period were calculated.RESULTSThe occurrence frequency of extreme high‐temperature event in ear stage in the 3H region was lower than that in the flowering‐maturity stage. There were significant differences in the WF of maize between S1 and S2 and between S1 and S3 in GDD mode, and significant differences in Yunit, ETc, and WF of maize under three temperature scenarios in the CD mode.CONCLUSIONHigh temperature events occur in maize growth period, especially in the flowering‐maturity stage, will increase the WF of maize. Measures such as changing the planting structure, changing the sowing date of maize and cultivating heat‐resistant maize varieties could be taken to reduce the negative impacts of high‐temperature weather. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
The patient perspective on the preoperative colorectal cancer care pathway and preparedness for surgery and postoperative recovery—a qualitative interview study
Authors: Cuijpers Anne C. M. , Lubbers Tim , van Rens Heleen A. , Smit‐Fun Valerie , Gielen Christel , Reynders Kim , Kimman Merel L. , Stassen Laurents P. S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore colorectal cancer (CRC) patients' perspectives and experiences regarding the preoperative surgical care pathway and their subsequent preparedness for surgery and postoperative recovery.MethodsCRC patients were recruited using purposive sampling and were interviewed three times (preoperatively, and 6 weeks and 3 months postoperatively) using semistructured telephone interviews. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and analysed independently by two researchers using thematic analysis with open coding.ResultsData saturation was achieved after including 18 patients. Preoperative factors that contributed to a feeling of preparedness for surgery and recovery were patient‐centred‐ and professional healthcare organization, sincere and personal guidance, and thorough information provision. Postoperatively, patients with complications or physical complaints experienced unmet information needs regarding the impact of complications and what to expect from postoperative recovery.ConclusionsThe preoperative period is a vital period to prepare patients for surgery and recovery in which patients most value personalized information, personal guidance and professionalism. According to CRC patients, the feeling of preparedness for surgery and recovery can be improved by continually providing dosed information. This information should provide the patient with patient‐tailored perspectives regarding the impact of (potential) complications and what to expect during recovery.
Quality of life after intratympanic steroid injection for Ménière's disease
Authors: Schenck Annejet A. , Bommeljé Claire C. , van Benthem Peter Paul G. , Blom Henk M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study explores how treatment with intratympanic steroid injection affects quality of life, as well as several subjective complaints in patients with Ménière's disease.MethodsPatients filled in the Ménière's Disease Outcome Questionnaire (MDOQ) and answered questions about subjective complaints. Scores before and after treatment were compared using paired t tests.ResultsForty‐nine patients treated with intratympanic steroid injection were included. Quality of life was improved in 36 (73%) patients, the same in 9 (18%) patients, and lower in 4 (8%) patients. Overall, the mean change in MDOQ was +20.6 points (95% confidence interval +14.5 to +26.7 points, p < 0.001). The improvement was seen in the emotional, physical, and mental domain. Most patients experienced less vertigo and instability but did not notice change in subjective hearing, tinnitus, or aural fullness after treatment.ConclusionTreatment with intratympanic steroid injection leads to an improvement in quality of life in most patients. Moreover, the procedure is only minimally invasive. Based on the findings in this study, treatment with ITS should be discussed with every patient suffering from vertigo attacks due to active Ménière's disease.Level of evidenceLevel 4
A stream‐to‐sea experiment reveals inhibitory effects of freshwater residency on organic‐matter decomposition in the sea
Authors: Frainer André , Tiegs Scott D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOne billion tons of carbon are annually transported to the global ocean, and the fate of this carbon hinges not only on marine processing rates, but also on freshwater processing during downstream transport. Using a cotton‐strip assay, we assessed the decomposition of organic matter in marine and freshwater sites and simulated its downstream transport from freshwater to the sea by translocating cotton strips approximately half‐way through the freshwater incubation period. We observed faster decomposition in the sea relative to the stream and interestingly, an inhibitory effect of stream incubation on subsequent decomposition in the sea. Total nitrogen content and ∂15N in the cotton strips were both greater in the strips incubated entirely in the sea, suggesting greater microbial activity in the marine habitat. Our results lend needed insights into global carbon cycling, the factors that govern organic‐carbon processing, and highlight the importance of connections that exist among some of Earth's major ecosystems.
3D Printing: An Emerging Technology for Biocatalyst Immobilization
Authors: Pose‐Boirazian Tomás , Martínez‐Costas Jose , Eibes Gemma 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEmployment of enzymes as biocatalysts offers immense benefits across diverse sectors in the context of green chemistry, biodegradability, and sustainability. When compared to free enzymes in solution, enzyme immobilization proposes an effective means of improving functional efficiency and operational stability. The advance of printable and functional materials utilized in additive manufacturing, coupled with the capability to produce bespoke geometries, has sparked great interest toward the 3‐dimensional (3D) printing of immobilized enzymes. Printable biocatalysts represent a new generation of enzyme immobilization in a more customizable and adaptable manner, unleashing their potential functionalities for countless applications in industrial biotechnology. This review provides an overview of enzyme immobilization techniques and 3D printing technologies, followed by illustrations of the latest 3D printed enzyme‐immobilized industrial and clinical applications. The unique advantages of harnessing 3D printing as an enzyme immobilization technique will be presented, alongside a discussion on its potential limitations. Finally, the future perspectives of integrating 3D printing with enzyme immobilization will be considered, highlighting the endless possibilities that are achievable in both research and industry.
Investigating Pore‐Opening of Hydrogel Foams at the Scale of Freestanding Thin Films
Authors: Andrieux Sébastien , Patil Mayur , Jacomine Leandro , Hourlier‐Fargette Aurélie , Heitkam Sascha , Drenckhan Wiebke 
Published: May 2022

AbstractControlling the pore connectivity of polymer foams is key for most of their applications, ranging from liquid uptake, mechanics, and acoustic/thermal insulation to tissue engineering. Despite their importance, the scientific phenomena governing the pore‐opening processes remain poorly understood, requiring tedious trial‐and‐error procedures for property optimization. This lack of understanding is partly explained by the high complexity of the different interrelated, multiscale processes which take place as the foam transforms from an initially fluid foam into a solid foam. To progress in this field, this work takes inspiration from long‐standing research on liquid foams and thin films to develop model experiments in a microfluidic “Thin Film Pressure Balance.” These experiments allow the investigation of isolated thin films under well‐controlled environmental conditions reproducing those arising within a foam undergoing cross‐linking and drying. Using the example of alginate hydrogel films, the evolution of isolated thin films undergoing gelation and drying is correlated with the evolution of the rheological properties of the same alginate solution in bulk. The overall approach is introduced and a first set of results is presented to propose a starting point for the phenomenological description of the different types of pore‐opening processes and the classification of the resulting pore‐opening types.
COVID‐19 Infection Enhances Susceptibility to Oxidative Stress–Induced Parkinsonism
Authors: Smeyne Richard J. , Eells Jeffrey B. , Chatterjee Debotri , Byrne Matthew , Akula Shaw M. , Sriramula Srinivas , O'Rourke Dorcas P. , Schmidt Peter 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundViral induction of neurological syndromes has been a concern since parkinsonian‐like features were observed in patients diagnosed with encephalitis lethargica subsequent to the 1918 influenza pandemic. Given the similarities in the systemic responses after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection with those observed after pandemic influenza, there is a question whether a similar syndrome of postencephalic parkinsonism could follow coronavirus disease 2019 infection.ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to determine whether prior infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 increased sensitivity to a mitochondrial toxin known to induce parkinsonism.MethodsK18‐hACE2 mice were infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 to induce mild‐to‐moderate disease. After 38 days of recovery, mice were administered a non‐lesion‐inducing dose of the parkinsonian toxin 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and euthanized 7 days later. Subsequent neuroinflammation and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) dopaminergic (DA) neuron loss were determined and compared with SARS‐CoV‐2 or MPTP alone.ResultsK18‐hACE2 mice infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 or MPTP showed no SNpc DA neuron loss after MPTP. In mice infected and recovered from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, MPTP induced a 23% or 19% greater loss of SNpc DA neurons than SARS‐CoV‐2 or MPTP, respectively (P < 0.05). Examination of microglial activation showed a significant increase in the number of activated microglia in both the SNpc and striatum of the SARS‐CoV‐2 + MPTP group compared with SARS‐CoV‐2 or MPTP alone.ConclusionsOur observations have important implications for long‐term public health, given the number of people who have survived SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, as well as for future public policy regarding infection mitigation. However, it will be critical to determine whether other agents known to increase risk for PD also have synergistic effects with SARS‐CoV‐2 and are abrogated by vaccination. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Age‐related outcome of facial reanimation surgery using cross face nerve graft and gracilis free functional muscle transfer—A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Weiss Jakob B. W. , Spuerck Felicitas , Kollar Branislav , Eisenhardt Steffen U. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundFree functional muscle transfer has become the criterion standard for the treatment of long‐standing flaccid facial paralysis. Clinical experience suggests that a two‐stage approach using a cross‐face nerve graft (CFNG) as a donor nerve for free functional muscle transfers (FFMT) is less successful in older patients when compared to the pediatric population. However, clear data and scientific evidence are still rare. This study examines the age‐related outcome of CFNG‐driven FFMT.MethodsTwenty‐eight patients with a mean age of 20.73 years (ranging 5–51 years) who received two‐stage facial reanimation with CFNG‐driven gracilis FFMT at our institution from 1998 to 2019 were included. The ipsilateral sural nerve was used as CFNG. After 12 months, the ipsilateral gracilis muscle was used as FFMT. Patients were distributed equally into three cohorts according to their age. We assessed facial symmetry before and after facial reanimation measuring the angle between the interpupillary and the intermodiolar line (pupillo‐modiolar angle). Additionally, the commissure height was measured using the Emotrics software.ResultsThe mean follow‐up of the pediatric, young adults and the middle‐aged cohort was 29.5 ± 7.3, 24.9 ± 6.3, and 25.5 ± 12.4 months, respectively. One patient suffered flap loss due to flap ischemia. Four patients suffered insufficient innervation of the FFMT. Otherwise no major complication occurred. The likelihood of successful innervation of the FFMT was significantly higher in patients younger than 31 years (100% vs. 50%; p = .003). Smiling facial symmetry (pupillo‐modiolar angle) significantly improved in the pediatric cohort (5–16 years; 8.68° ± 0.69° to 1.48° ± 0.67°; p < .001) and the young adults' cohort (17–30 years; 11.55° ± 1.95° to 4.62° ± 1.08°; p = .005), but improved only slightly in the middle‐aged cohort (31–51 years; 11.77° ± 1.16° to 9.4° ± 1.8° p = .27). The postoperative smiling symmetry showed a significant correlation with increasing age (r = .62, p < .001). The smiling commissure height deviation significantly improved in the pediatric cohort (5–16 years; 6.5–2.3 mm; p = .006) and the postoperative result was significantly better than the middle‐aged group (31–51 years; 2.3 vs. 7.5 mm; p = .02).ConclusionsThe outcome of CFNG‐driven gracilis FFMT is age‐related. Static as well as dynamic facial symmetry after two‐stage facial reanimation was best in the pediatric and young adult population. For older patients, other approaches like the nerve‐to‐masseter‐driven FFMT should be considered.
Translating from Proteins to Ribonucleic Acids for Ligand‐binding Site Detection
Authors: Möller Lukas , Guerci Lorenzo , Isert Clemens , Atz Kenneth , Schneider Gisbert 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIdentifying druggable ligand‐binding sites on the surface of the macromolecular targets is an important process in structure‐based drug discovery. Deep‐learning models have been shown to successfully predict ligand‐binding sites of proteins. As a step toward predicting binding sites in RNA and RNA‐protein complexes, we employ three‐dimensional convolutional neural networks. We introduce a dataset splitting approach to minimize structure‐related bias in training data, and investigate the influence of protein‐based neural network pre‐training before fine‐tuning on RNA structures. Models that were pre‐trained on proteins considerably outperformed the models that were trained exclusively on RNA structures. Overall, 71 % of the known RNA binding sites were correctly located within 4 Å of their true centres.
Characterization of early and late transition states of the folding pathway of a SH2 domain
Authors: Toto Angelo , Malagrinò Francesca , Nardella Caterina , Pennacchietti Valeria , Pagano Livia , Santorelli Daniele , Diop Awa , Gianni Stefano 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlbeit SH2 domains are abundant protein–protein interaction modules with fundamental roles in the regulation of several physiological and molecular pathways in the cell, the available information about the determinants of their thermodynamic stability and folding properties are still very limited. In this work, we provide a quantitative characterization of the folding pathway of the C‐terminal SH2 domain of SHP2, conducted through a combination of site‐directed mutagenesis and kinetic (un)folding experiments (Φ‐value analysis). The energetic profile of the folding reaction of the C‐SH2 domain is described by a three‐state mechanism characterized by the presence of two transition states and a high‐energy intermediate. The production of 29 site‐directed variants allowed us to calculate the degree of native‐like interactions occurring in the early and late events of the folding reaction. Data analysis highlights the presence of a hydrophobic folding nucleus surrounded by a lower degree of structure in the early events of folding, further consolidated as the reaction proceeds towards the native state. Interestingly, residues physically located in the functional region of the domain reported unusual Φ‐values, a hallmark of the presence of transient misfolding. We compared our results with previous ones obtained for the N‐terminal SH2 domain of SHP2. Notably, a conserved complex folding mechanism implying the presence of a folding intermediate arise from comparison, and the relative stability of such intermediate appears to be highly sequence dependent. Data are discussed under the light of previous works on SH2 domains.
The ‘intention to stay’ of the floating migrant population: A spatiotemporal meta‐analysis in Chinese cities
Authors: Liu Tao , Xiao Wen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent literature on the floating population in Chinese cities has shed much light on their intention to stay in the city, while the empirical results have been highly controverted. This study performed a meta‐analysis to quantitatively examine the spatiotemporal variation in research foci and the changes in the characteristics of the floating population per se by synthesizing 152 peer‐reviewed papers on their intention of long‐term residence. Meta‐regression was performed to identify the main causes of the heterogeneous effects of typical determinants. The results firstly verified the strong and increasing intention of the floating population to stay in cities. Academic foci have changed significantly with the growing trend of family migration and the increasing relative attraction of large cities in central and western regions compared with the coastal megaregions over the past 15 years. Both consistency and changes in previous findings were identified and explained. Specifically, female, better education, higher income and longer living duration in host cities were confirmed as reliable indicators of stronger intention to stay in the city, while differences among results could be attributed mainly to the varying social conventions, living costs and changing thoughts of the floating population.