bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interactions between adipose tissue secretions and Parkinson's disease: The role of leptin
Authors: Ekraminasab Sara , Dolatshahi Mahsa , Sabahi Mohammadmahdi , Mardani Mahta , Rashedi Sina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLeptin is a hormone that regulates appetite by acting on receptors in the hypothalamus, where it modifies food intake to maintain equilibrium with the body energy resources. Leptin and its receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system, suggesting that they may give neuronal survival signals. The potential of leptin to decrease/increase neuronal damage and neuronal plasticity in Parkinson's diseases (PD) is the subject of this review, which outlines our current knowledge of how leptin acts in the brain. Although leptin‐mediated neuroprotective signalling results in neuronal death prevention, it can affect neuroinflammatory cascades and also neuronal plasticity which contribute to PD pathology. Other neuroprotective molecules, such as insulin and erythropoietin, share leptin‐related signalling cascades, and therefore constitute a component of the neurotrophic effects mediated by endogenous hormones. With the evidence that leptin dysregulation causes increased neuronal vulnerability to damage in PD, using leptin as a target for therapeutic modification is an appealing and realistic option.
Weberian ideal type construction as concept replacement
Authors: van Riel Raphael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper contains a novel and coherent reading of Weberian ideal type construction, based on recent philosophical approaches to conceptual engineering. This reading makes transparent the dialectics of Weber's approach, resulting in a more nuanced interpretation of his methodological work. It will become apparent that Weber, when introducing his notion of an ideal type, did not merely summarize his views on methodology in the social sciences, but, rather, presented a two‐step argument in favor of these views. The reconstruction will directly bear on issues in the methodology of the social sciences. Weber not only presented a methodology that is, at some level of abstraction, strikingly similar to Carnapian explication (the canonical point of reference in the contemporary debate on conceptual engineering). He also diagnosed, in a systematic fashion, types of problems we face when dealing with ordinary and scientific concepts that play a key role in the description of social reality, and he foreshadowed what is today sometimes described as “debunking” projects. From a philosophy of science perspective, I propose Weber's view (on the reconstruction proposed here) as a serious candidate for an adequate theory of concept replacement in the social sciences.
Midlife financial strain and later‐life health and wellbeing of husbands and wives: Linking and moderating roles of couple intimacy trajectories
Authors: Wickrama Kandauda (A. S.) , O’Neal Catherine Walker , Klopack Eric T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study investigates (a) heterogeneous trajectories of couple intimacy over the mid‐later years (average ages of 40–65) and (b) how these intimacy classes are differentially associated with spouses’ midlife financial strain as well as their later‐life health and wellbeing outcomes. The sample was comprised of white couples in long‐term marriages from the rural Mid‐west who experienced the economic downturn of the farm crisis in late 1980s. Couple‐level measures of emotional intimacy and sexual intimacy were created by summing husbands’ and wives’ reports. Using growth mixture modeling with a sample of 304 couples, conjoint intimacy classes were identified from trajectories of couple emotional intimacy and sexual intimacy. Three qualitatively different latent intimacy classes of couples were identified: Consistently High, Moderate and Increasing, and Chronically Low. Intimacy classes were differentially associated with midlife financial strain and later‐life health and wellbeing. Spouses with consistently high and moderate and increasing intimacy in their mid‐later years averaged lower financial strain in early midlife and better health and wellbeing outcomes in later years (>67 years) compared to those with consistently low intimacy after controlling for lagged health measures. The identification of couple intimacy trajectory groups provides a potentially useful prognostic tool for counseling efforts that can promote and develop resiliency factors to aid in the redirection of adverse couple intimacy trajectories.
Pharmacological potential of the triterpene 3β,6β,16β‐trihidroxilup‐20 (29)‐ene isolated from Combretum leprosum: A literature review
Authors: Coutinho Marnielle R. , Oliveira Larissa S. , Evaristo Francisco F. V. , Marinho Márcia M. , Marinho Emanuelle M. , Teixeira Edson H. , Teixeira Alexandre Magno R. , Marinho Emmanuel S. , dos Santos Hélcio S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGlobally, plant‐derived medicines have been playing an increasing and relevant role in the treatment of several diseases, thus fostering the search for new bioactive substances. Among the various families of plants studied, those of the Combretum genus can be highlighted since they are widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of hepatitis, malaria, respiratory infections, cancer, skin hemorrhage, and anxiety. Phytochemical studies carried out on species of the Combretum genus demonstrated the presence of several classes of bioactive chemical compounds, including the triterpene 3β,6β,16β‐trihydroxilup‐20(29)‐ene (CLF‐1). In this perspective, the objective of this review was to gather all pharmacological activities attributed to the CLF‐1 triterpene, highlighting its importance for the pharmaceutical industry. The research was performed in scientific databases such as PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, SciFinder and Science Direct. The literature indicates a great pharmacological potential of CLF‐1, evidencing its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antiviral, antiparasitic, antinociceptive, healing, and antibacterial action, antinociceptive and antitumor effect. Therefore, based on the different research above, it is plausible to consider CLF‐1, obtained from different parts of the C. leprosum plant, as a molecule with biotechnological potential that may contribute to the development of new drugs and, consequently, in the treatment of various human pathologies.
Risperidone in analgesia induced by paracetamol and meloxicam in experimental pain
Authors: Miranda Hugo F. , Noriega Viviana , Sierralta Fernando , Sotomayor‐Zárate Ramón , Prieto Juan Carlos 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the best therapeutic options to treat pain. Their use in combination with other drugs may broaden their applicability in analgesia if their ceiling and adverse effects are reduced. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological interaction of two NSAIDs, paracetamol and meloxicam, with the antipsychotic drug risperidone in mice, in several experimental tests of nociceptive and inflammatory pain. Antinociception was assessed by dose–response curves to paracetamol and meloxicam before and after the i.p. administration of 0.5 mg/kg of risperidone. Results are presented as means ± SEM and differences were calculated by one‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post‐test. Paracetamol and meloxicam produced a dose‐related antinociceptive effect with diverse potencies. Risperidone increased the analgesia mediated by paracetamol and meloxicam only in the tonic tests that detected inflammatory pain. This suggests that COX inhibition is only a partial explanation of the increased analgesic potency of paracetamol and meloxicam since the effects of NSAIDs in the CNS are mediated by multiple mechanisms. These results indicate that the combination of risperidone with paracetamol or meloxicam could be a new and effective alternative for the management of inflammatory pain.
Ecological thresholds under atmospheric nitrogen deposition for 1200 herbaceous species and 24 communities across the United States
Authors: Wilkins Kayla , Clark Christopher , Aherne Julian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNitrogen (N) emissions and atmospheric deposition have increased significantly during the last century and become a stressor for many N‐sensitive plant species. Understanding individual and community herbaceous plant species thresholds to atmospheric N deposition can inform emissions reduction policy. Here, we present results using Threshold Indicator Taxa Analysis (TITAN) applied to more than 1200 unique plant species and 24 vegetation communities (i.e., alliances) across the United States (US) to assess vulnerability to N deposition. Alliance‐level thresholds (change points) for species decreasing in abundance along the gradient ranged from 1.8 to 14.3 kg N ha─1 year─1 and tended to be lower in the west than the east, which suggests that eastern communities, where N deposition has been historically higher, may have already lost many sensitive species. For the species that were present in more than one alliance, over half had a variable response to the N deposition gradient, suggesting that local factors affect vulnerability. Significant progress has been made during the past 30 years to reduce N emissions, which has reduced the percentage of plots at risk to N deposition from 72% to 35%. Nevertheless, over a third of plots remain at risk, and an average reduction of N deposition of 20% would protect half of the plots where N deposition exceeds community thresholds. Furthermore, the alliance‐ and species‐level change points determined in this study may be used to inform N critical loads.
Democracy, public debt transparency, and sovereign creditworthiness
Authors: Cormier Ben 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDemocratic Advantage (DA) arguments explicitly and implicitly assume that democracies have more transparent public debt, enhancing sovereign creditworthiness. This study questions the assumed link between transparent public debt practices and democracy in developing countries. It finds that such practices, which are crucial for investors, (a) do not depend on democratic governance and (b) largely erase the effect that DA variables regime type, rule of law, and property rights have on creditworthiness. In other words, transparent public debt and democracy should not be assumed to go together, and transparent debt practices affect creditworthiness more than DA variables. The findings identify public debt transparency as a statistical and theoretical confounder for current iterations of the DA thesis, which must be addressed to better understand the relationship between democratic governance and sovereign creditworthiness. The policy implication is to not assume that transparent public debt practices are only available to democracies.
Estimating Effective Porosity in Bedrock Aquifers
Authors: Worthington Stephen R.H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFlow in many bedrock aquifers is through fracture networks. Point to point tracer tests using applied tracers provide a direct measure of time of travel and are most useful for determining effective porosity. Calculated values from these tests are typically between 10−4 and 10−2 (0.01% to 1%), with these low values indicating preferential flow through fracture and channel networks. Tracer tests are not commonly used in site investigations, and specific yield is often used as a proxy for effective porosity. The most popular methods have used centrifuge measurements, water table fluctuations, pumping tests, and packer tests. Specific yield varies substantially with the testing method. No method is as reliable as tracer testing for providing estimates of effective porosity, but all methods provide complementary insights on aquifer structure. Temporal and spatial scaling effects suggest that bedrock aquifers have hierarchical structures, with a network of more permeable fractures and channels, which are connected to less permeable fractures and to the matrix. Consequences of the low effective porosities include groundwater velocities that often exceed 100 m/d and more frequent microbial contamination than in aquifers in unconsolidated sediments. The large uncertainty over the magnitude of effective porosity in bedrock aquifers makes it an important parameter to determine in studies where time of travel is of interest.
Non‐anticoagulation pediatric continuous renal replacement therapy methods to increase circuit life
Authors: Raina Rupesh , Sethi Sidharth , Khooblall Amrit , Kher Vijay , Deshpande Shweta , Yerigeri Keval , Pandya Aadi , Nair Nikhil , Datla Nithin , McCulloch Mignon , Bunchman Timothy , Davenport Andrew 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical condition characterized by an abrupt increase in serum creatinine levels due to functional changes in the kidneys from a newfound insult or injury. For supportive treatment, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is one of the most widely used modalities due to its precise control of fluid balance over extended periods of time. However, its complications include circuit clotting, the most frequent cause for CRRT interruption. Vascular access and circuit management were found to be major determinants of performance efficiency. Anticoagulation required to prevent clotting has the downside of increasing the risk of bleeding, especially in the setting of overdosage. Hence, a delicate balance needs to be maintained consistently.MethodsThis study explores the adequacy of non‐anticoagulation measures in the prevention of circuit clotting. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed/Medline and Embase databases to include all relevant studies.FindingsThe most‐effective CRRT catheter would be made of nonthrombogenic material, noncuffed and nontunneled with separate lumens for arterial and venous blood. Further, studies show that blood flow during the process is optimized at 200 ml/min, which can be lowered in the pediatric population due to more narrow catheters. Platelet count and hematocrit need to be closely monitored as levels above 450,000 × 106/L and 0.40, respectively, increase risk of clotting. Predilution is a non‐anticoagulation technique to reduce the risk of clotting by returning replacement solution to the blood before it reaches the filter. Also, biocompatible membranes such as polyacrylonitrile or polysulfone activate the coagulation cascade significantly less than the conventional cellulose‐based membranes, thereby reducing clotting chances.DiscussionsWith the advent of such techniques and maneuvers, anticoagulation can be efficiently maintained in patients undergoing CRRT without increasing the risk of bleeding.
Assessment of medication adherence, medication safety awareness and medication practice among patients with lung cancer: A multicentre cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Ningsheng , Ren Biqi , You Haisheng , Chen Yue , Lin Shuzhi , Lei Shuang , Feng Bianling 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to explore the current status of medication adherence, safety awareness and practice among patients with lung cancer.MethodsWe conducted a questionnaire‐guided cross‐sectional study in Xi'an, Yulin, Hanzhong and Weinan in Shaanxi Province, China, from April to June 2021 for a period of 3 months. The study questionnaire was developed according to previous related studies reported in the literature, and includes basic demographic information and patients' medication safety questions. The data were double‐entered using EpiData 3.1 software; descriptive statistics, t‐test, analysis of variance, the Kruskal–Wallis test and the Mann–Whitney U‐test were performed to analyse the data.ResultsA total of 567 participants were included, and 409 valid questionnaires were finally completed, with an effective response rate of 72.13%. More than 80% of patients showed good medication adherence; the average adherence score was 22 ± 2.68 of 25. The average score for medication safety awareness was 16.40 ± 4.41, which was significantly lower than that of medication adherence (p < .001). Only 22.74% of patients always checked their medicines before a nurse administered them; 17.60% of patients never checked their medicines. Few patients actively consulted an health care professional to understand safety information before taking a medication. A significant difference existed in safety awareness scores among age groups (p = .039) and geographic regions (p < .001). Patients with three or more comorbidities had the lowest awareness scores (p = .027).ConclusionWe found that patients with lung cancer showed better medication adherence, but their awareness about medication safety was poor. Older patients, those with comorbidities and patients in regions with poor medical resources may have worse awareness about safety. Current medication education for patients should not only aim to improve adherence but should also encourage patients to take greater responsibility for their own safety and to actively participate in their medication safety. Greater systematic and individualized medication safety information is needed for older patients, those with more comorbidities and patients in areas with poor medical resources.Patient ContributionWe conducted a questionnaire‐guided cross‐sectional study on hospitalized lung cancer patients in Shaanxi Province to explore the patients' practices related to safety medication, including medication adherence and medication safety awareness.
Review on utilisation of corn gluten meal, a by‐product from corn starch industry for production of value‐added products
Authors: Kopparapu Narasimha Kumar , Duan Yajie , Huang Linhua , Katrolia Priti 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFood wastage is an important global issue requiring urgent attention. Reducing food wastage and its proper utilisation is the basis for sustainable economy. Food processing industries generate large quantities of by‐products having low value which are often not utilised properly. Utilisation of by‐products and converting them into value‐added products could improve their market value. Corn gluten meal (CGM), a by‐product from corn starch industry, is a rich source of protein. It is highly hydrophobic which limits its application in foods. The present review focused on modification of CGM by chemical, physical, glycosylation, microbial fermentation and enzymatic methods to improve its solubility, emulsifying and foaming properties. In addition, this review also highlighted enzymatic hydrolysis of CGM for producing bioactive peptides such as antioxidant, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, facilitating alcohol metabolism and others. These peptides have potential applications in food and other industries. Thus, utilisation of CGM is an economically attractive and environment friendly way for producing value‐added products.
Isolation, purification, and characterization of the globulin from wheat germ
Authors: Fan Ling , Yang Mingqian , Ma Sen , Huang Jihong 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThis research optimized the extraction and purification of globulin from wheat germ and assessed the molecular weight distribution and structure properties of the globulin obtained. The results showed that the relative extraction efficiency and purity of wheat germ globulin (WGG) reached 18.0% and 89.1% under the enzymolysis conditions of 0.32‰ α‐amylase, pH 6.5, and 55 °C. The maximal precipitation rate of WGG (91.3%) was obtained with pH 4.3 (acid precipitation). Additionally, the molecular weight of WGG was mainly distributed below 70 kDa. FT‐IR confirmed that random coils (30.95%), β‐sheet (27.02%), α‐helix (26.55%), and β‐turn (15.48%) were the secondary structures of WGG. Furthermore, LTQ mass spectrometry showed that WGG was rich in variety and high in complexity, which retrieved 1274 proteins belonging to 392 proteomes by inverse peptide analysis. The findings endow a great potential of preparing WGG with superior functionality for food applications.
Macronutrients and mineral composition of wild harvested Prionoplus reticularis edible insect at various development stages: nutritional and mineral safety implications
Authors: Kavle Ruchita Rao , Carne Alan , Bekhit Alaa El‐Din Ahmed , Kebede Biniam , Agyei Dominic 
Published: January 2022

SummaryPrionoplus reticularis larvae (‘Huhu grubs’), a traditional food in New Zealand, have been grown commercially. However, no information is available on the composition or safety of the larvae as a food. A proximate analysis (58.7–75.2% moisture, 26.2–30.5% protein, 32.1–58.4% fat, and 1.5–3.2% ash dry weight basis) found that Huhu grubs contain substantial amounts of nutrients. Forty minerals were investigated for four different development stages of wild harvested Huhu grubs (small, medium, and large larvae and pupae). ICP‐MS detected 28 minerals, (11 essential, 13 non‐essential, and four heavy metals). The most abundant minerals were manganese, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, copper, and zinc. The heavy metal content of Huhu grubs was found to be below detection levels for arsenic and vanadium, but cadmium and lead were detectable. The results indicate, on the basis of proximate analysis and mineral content, that moderate consumption of New Zealand wild harvested Huhu is safe and nutritious.
Spontaneous movements, motor milestones, and temperament of preterm‐born infants: Associations with mother–infant attunement
Authors: Lev‐Enacab Orna , Sher‐Censor Efrat , Einspieler Christa , Jacobi Orit Achamyelesh , Daube‐Fishman Galia , Beni‐Shrem Sara 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPreterm‐born infants and their mothers are at higher risk of showing less attuned interactions. We sought to identify characteristics of preterm‐born infants associated with the attunement of mother–infant interactions at the corrected ages of 3–4 months, looking specifically at motor behaviors. We focused on infants’ spontaneous movements, achievement of motor milestones, and temperament, which at this young age is often manifested via movement. Sixty preterm‐born infants (Mdngestation age in weeks = 33, 57.38% male, corrected age Mdn = 14 weeks, interquartile range = 13–16) and their mothers participated. Independent observers rated mother–infant attunement, infants’ spontaneous movements, and infants’ achievement of motor milestones. Mothers reported infant temperament. We found infants’ smooth and fluent movement character and continual fidgety movements were associated with better attunement in terms of higher maternal sensitivity and non‐intrusiveness and higher infant responsiveness and involvement. Unexpectedly, infants’ achievement of motor milestones was not significantly associated with mother–infant attunement, and maternal reports of infants’ higher soothability were associated with lower maternal sensitivity. The study illustrates the value of including the assessment of infants’ spontaneous movements, designed for early detection of neurological deficiencies, in research and in clinical practice with parents and preterm‐born infants.