bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feeding ecology of Lepilemur septentrionalis in the dry forest of Montagne des Français, northern Madagascar
Authors: Rasoamazava Lucile , Rakotomalala Valérie F. , Sefczek Timothy M. , Frasier Cynthia L. , Dinsmore Mary P. , Rasoloharijaona Solofonirina , Louis Edward E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The role of folivorous primates in ecosystem restoration has been largely overlooked. This may primarily be due to the lack of basic ecological information on many of these species. The northern sportive lemur (Lepilemur septentrionalis), for example, is one of the most endangered primates in the world, yet we lack baseline ecological knowledge of this lemur. This dearth only serves to exacerbate their situation as conservation initiatives do not have the fundamental information needed to properly manage conservation efforts for this species. To obtain an ecological baseline for L. septentrionalis, we used instantaneous focal animal sampling to collect behavioral data, including strata use, to investigate feeding ecology for five individuals over a 12-month period (December 2018-November 2019) in Montagne des Français. We conducted a total of 755.1 hours of observation. Our results showed that L. septentrionalis’ diet consisted of mature and young leaves, ripe and unripe fruits, flowers, and buds. Mature leaves of Tamarindus indica were the most frequently consumed resource, yet L. septentrionalis consumed 61 different species of plants from 23 families. Though mature leaves were the most frequently consumed resource overall, we only observed L. septentrionalis eating them during the cold/dry season. The most frequently used stratum during feeding was the canopy, which correlated strongly with the consumption of mature and young leaves. Though many aspects of this species’ diet are similar to other Lepilemur, there are specific ecological conditions, notably seasonal frugivory, which should be considered when developing restoration ecology programs in Montagne des Français.
Effects of food availability and its seasonal changes on the dietary habits of wild silvery lutungs (Trachypithecus cristatus) in a coastal forest in west Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Akbar Muhammad Azhari , Rizaldi  , Perwitasari-Farajallah Dyah , Tsuji Yamato 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The dietary composition of primates is often affected by the availability of food, as well as seasonal variations within their habitat. This study presents quantitative data on the feeding behavior of wild silvery lutungs (Trachypithecus cristatus) inhabiting a coastal forest in West Sumatra, Indonesia. This research emphasizes the relationship between food availability and the way this changes by season. Feeding strategies of these primates was also examined. Feeding behavior of a group of wild silvery lutungs was observed for 12 months from August 2018 to July 2019, with a total observation time of 482 hours. We recorded 74 items from 37 different plant species that were included in the lutungs’ diet. Nineteen out of 37 plant species comprised > 1% of the lutung’s annual diet. They can therefore be considered the main plant food sources for the lutungs. The lutungs mainly fed on young leaves (68.3%). However, during certain months, both ripe and unripe fruit formed a major part of their diet. Plant part-based analyses showed a negative correlation between the availability of young leaves and ripe fruit feeding. Plant species-based analyses revealed few significant positive relationships between the feeding percentages of the main dietary items (mainly young leaves) and their availability. This implies that young leaves and ripe fruit were both the preferred and the fallback foods. This also indicates that lutung activity, ranging patterns, and activity at the study site are affected mainly by food distribution and availability. Further research is needed to increase the understanding of Asian colobine feeding strategies, feeding patterns, and food resource characteristics.
The Road to an Agreement on Missions
Authors: Dores Hugo Gonçalves 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Throughout the nineteenth century, Portugal demanded recognition of the so-called ‘historical rights of the Royal Patronage’ by the Holy See as part of its missionary policy for Africa. These claims promptly led to a prolonged conflict over the action of the Propaganda Fide and Portuguese missionary achievements. While Lisbon feared the denationalization of missionary work, Rome was concerned about Portugal’s internal policies on religious matters and its perceived inabilities to deal with the missionary challenges of the time, especially the Protestant competition over African hearts and minds. This text follows the discussions between Portugal and the Holy See over the missionary question, examining their confrontational and, apparently, irreconcilable positions, and the attempts made to regulate the exercise of the Royal Patronage through a concordat that became impossible to reach until the conclusion of a fragile and arguable modus vivendi concluded just before the implantation of the Republican regime in 1910.
Hidden Davidic and Solomonic Legends in The Hundred and One Nights: Backgrounds in Muslim Tradition Echoing the Bible and Midrash
Authors: Lerner Amir 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper focuses on what can be identified as ancient Davidic and Solomonic biblical and midrashic narratives, echoed in some of the core stories of The Hundred and One Nights, a story collection in Arabic that took shape among lower strata of medieval society in western part of the Muslim world. We do not identify any specific written Jewish sources as having had a direct influence on the collection. Rather, we would like to reveal some of the contents of an ancient well of themes that were available, mostly through Muslim tradition, to those involved in the formation of the work in question. We would also like to point out some of the transformations that such contents have undergone in their shifting between religious, historical and literary levels. The existence of Jewish backgrounds in medieval Arabic literature in general is well-known. However, a more complete picture of this existence requires a comprehensive study of popular literature. As the theme of The Hundred and One Nights and its Jewish background has been overlooked by research until very recently, our study strives to address this lacuna.
Una ferita che non guarisce mai
Authors: Fischer Klaus-Dietrich 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The special part of Galen’s treatise on drug lore, i.e. books 6–11, known by its Latin title De simplicium medicamentorum facultatibus, were accessible to medieval readers first of all in the Latin versions of the second book of Oribasius’ Euporista. These deserve our interest not least because they transmit additional Galenic material not found in either of the two much later Greek mss. of Oribasius’ Euporista or in his Collectiones medicae, book 15, of which book 2 of the Euporista is usually considered an abridgment. Problems of the complex transmission are highlighted in the discussion of a few examples that sometimes go beyond Oribasius and extend to Odo of Meung’s extremely popular poem on drugs in Latin hexameters (11th c., known as Macer Floridus) and the herbal composed by Rufinus (13th c.).
À quoi rêvent les chevaux ? Échos lucrétiens dans les réflexions sur la continuité du vivant de la première Modernité
Authors: Ballestra-Puech Sylvie 
Published: March 2022

Résumé
Le De rerum natura chante une matière sans frontières afin de permettre à l’homme d’accepter sereinement sa condition mortelle. Le refus lucrétien de l’anthropocentrisme dans l’approche du vivant trouve un large écho dans la pensée de la première modernité. Une lecture attentive des citations du De rerum natura dans l’ “Apologie de Raymond Sebond” montre comment Montaigne s’est approprié les naturae foedera lucrétiens pour penser une relation respectueuse entre l’homme et la nature, fondée sur la notion d’obligation mutuelle. La théorie lucrétienne de la perception et de l’origine du langage informe aussi l’argumentation de Montaigne, qu’il la reprenne à son compte ou s’en démarque. En réfutant le plaidoyer de Pierre Charron en faveur d’une connaissance animale, largement redevable à Montaigne, le médecin Pierre Chanet déclencha une polémique avec Cureau de la Chambre. Bien que non explicite, l’héritage lucrétien pourrait avoir renouvelé l’aristotélisme professé par Cureau.
Metaphoric BotaniesConjectures on the Renaissance Fœtus
Authors: Kang Taylor Yoonji 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Renaissance witnessed a proliferation in medical discourse, pedagogical illustration, and popular rhetoric – what I refer to here as “metaphoric botanies” – comparing the human fœtus, or embryo, to a plant. Far from being a mere linguistic inheritance from ancient medicine, such “metaphoric botanies” not only allowed early moderns to conceive of the unobservable development of the human fœtus, but also emphasized the relation of the mother to the unborn child. Much of the “metaphoric botanies” surrounding the fœtus throughout the Renaissance analogize its development to that of a plant “rooting” itself in the mother’s uterus, through which it receives sustenance. Though feminist scholarship has made the important argument that such language has historically been utilized in debates surrounding abortion, these “botanies” might also be placed within a certain representational tradition, through which it might be understood as a meditation on species-being and -continuation in a period fraught with epistemological and metaphysical uncertainty.
Religious Commodities or Cultural Elements?
Authors: Shmushko Kai 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article is a case study of a lay Buddhist community that employs a business model called “living hall” (Shenghuo guan 生活馆) to facilitate the practice of Tibetan Buddhism among its members. The living hall model is explored in the context of the politics of religion in the People’s Republic of China (prc) and the dynamics of Tibetan Buddhism among Han Chinese in the past decades. The author investigates the model’s origin, its implementation in a contemporary Buddhist community, and its interaction with the discourse on Buddhism in the prc. The article joins a recent academic endeavor to illuminate the different modalities in which lay practitioners carry out Buddhist practice outside the sphere of institutionalized Buddhism. The article sheds light on the delicate dynamics between religion and state control in the prc and the role of entrepreneurs and materiality within lay Tibetan Buddhism.
In vitro clonal propagation of Billbergia zebrina (Bromeliaceae) and analysis of anatomy and physiology of regenerated plantlets
Authors: Martins João Paulo Rodrigues , de Souza Braga Priscila da Conceição , Rossini Franciele Pereira , Conde Lorenzo Toscano , Cipriano Rosiane , Falqueto Antelmo Ralph , Gontijo Andreia Barcelos Passos Lima 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
During in vitro multiplication of horticulture plant species, synthetic cytokinins such as 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) can affect the microshoot formation. Murashige and Skoog culture medium (MS) can also act as a morphogenetic response modulator. The aim was to analyze the effects of BA and a gradient of MS salts on the morphophysiological status of Billbergia zebrina microshoots. Plantlets were cultured with a gradient of MS salts (50%, 100%, 150%, or 200%) supplemented with two BA levels (0 or 13 μM). After 50 days of culture, stomatal parameters, contents of photosynthetic pigments, and chlorophyll fluorescence were assessed. Plantlets cultured in all media without BA presented a low budding rate. In contrast, plantlets cultured with BA showed 100% budding. With 13 μM BA, the leaves presented bigger stomata and wider opening. Plantlets cultured with BA had lower contents of photosynthetic pigments. MS treatments without BA supplementation did not show any change in the pigments’ ratios. Plantlets cultured with BA had lower activity of the water-splitting complex and signs of photoinhibition damage. This resulted in the reduced performance of the photosynthetic apparatus. BA exposure can ensure the inducement of adventitious microshoots. BA at the tested concentration can induce morphophysiological disorders, irrespective of MS salt concentration.
Situated Citizenship: A Theoretical and Methodological Intervention
Authors: Behl Natasha 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this essay, I ask: Who has the power to theorize? And how do we challenge narrow understandings of what counts as theories, theorists, and theorizing? I draw on alternative intellectual histories—feminist, intersectional, interpretive, and decolonial—that are attentive to expanded definitions of the political within and beyond the Western world and to the internal diversity of often taken-for-granted categories of analysis. Next, I show how these intellectual histories open up the space for Gendered Citizenship by briefly outlining the main concepts of the book and their significance for political science. In this section, I also respond to the contributors to this symposium. I am grateful to Dipali Anumol, Lisa Beard, and Denise Walsh for their thoughtful and careful commentaries.
Temporal Evolution of a Geostrophic Current under Sea Ice: Analytical and Numerical Solutions
Authors: Leng Hengling , Spall Michael A. , Bai Xuezhi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A simplified quasigeostrophic (QG) analytical model together with an idealized numerical model are used to study the effect of uneven ice–ocean stress on the temporal evolution of the geostrophic current under sea ice. The tendency of the geostrophic velocity in the QG model is given as a function of the lateral gradient of vertical velocity and is further related to the ice–ocean stress with consideration of a surface boundary layer. Combining the analytical and numerical solutions, we demonstrate that the uneven stress between the ice and an initially surface-intensified, laterally sheared geostrophic current can drive an overturning circulation to trigger the displacement of isopycnals and modify the vertical structure of the geostrophic velocity. When the near-surface isopycnals become tilted in the opposite direction to the deeper ones, a subsurface velocity core is generated (via geostrophic setup). This mechanism should help understand the formation of subsurface currents in the edge of Chukchi and Beaufort Seas seen in observations. Furthermore, our solutions reveal a reversed flow extending from the bottom to the middepth, suggesting that the ice-induced overturning circulation potentially influences the currents in the deep layers of the Arctic Ocean, such as the Atlantic Water boundary current.
Correction of Path-Integrated Attenuation Estimates Considering the Soil Moisture Effect for the GPM Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar
Authors: Seto Shinta , Iguchi Toshio , Meneghini Robert 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Spaceborne precipitation radars, including the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission’s Precipitation Radar (PR) and the Global Precipitation Measurement Mission’s Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR), measure not only precipitation echoes but surface echoes as well, the latter of which are used to estimate the path-integrated attenuation (PIA) in the surface reference technique (SRT). In our previous study based on analyzing PR measurements, we found that attenuation-free surface backscattering cross sections (denoted by ) over land increased in the presence of precipitation. This behavior, called the soil moisture effect, causes an underestimate of the PIA by the SRT as the method does not explicitly consider this effect. In this study, measurements made by Ku-band Precipitation Radar (KuPR) and Ka-band Precipitation Radar (KaPR), which comprise the DPR, were analyzed to examine whether KuPR and KaPR exhibit similar dependencies on the soil moisture as does the PR. For both KuPR and KaPR, an increase in was observed for a large portion of the land area, except for forests and deserts. Results from the Hitschfeld–Bordan (HB) method suggest that increases with the surface precipitation rate for light precipitation events. Meanwhile, for heavy precipitation, owing to the degradation of the HB method, it is difficult to estimate quantitatively. Thus, a correction method for PIA that considers the soil moisture effect was developed and implemented into the DPR standard algorithm. With this correction, the surface precipitation rate estimates increased by approximately 18% for KuPR and 15% for the normal scan of KaPR over land.
On the Two Types of Tropical Cyclone Eye Formation: Clearing Formation and Banding Formation
Authors: Chen Yueh-Li , Wu Chun-Chieh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two types of eye formation are proposed: “clearing formation (CF)” and “banding formation (BF)”. The objectives are to identify the tropical cyclone (TC) characteristics associated with these two types of eye formation and to clarify how the environment, pattern of synoptic systems and TC structure during initial and development stages affect the eye formation. The satellite imagery and best-track data are used to classify and analyze the TCs named in the western North Pacific from 2007 to 2020. The results show that TCs with CF have significantly higher intensity and intensification rate during the period of the first eye presence, smaller size after genesis and prior to eye formation, smaller eye size when the eye forms and a more westward track. It is noted that CF and BF TCs tend to occur in autumn and summer, respectively. Meanwhile, the composite results using reanalysis data show that the CF TCs are generally characterized by easterly-wave features with a dryer environment, smaller initial size and larger radial gradient of vorticity, while the BF TCs feature a monsoon-depression structure with a wetter environment, larger initial size and flatter vorticity profile. A conceptual hypothesis is thus proposed, as compared to BF TCs, the smaller size and weaker outer wind in CF storms associated with the easterly-wave disturbance are facilitated by inactive outer convection, leading to larger radial gradient of inertial stability. The low-level inflow can penetrate inward close to the center, resulting in more diabatic heating inside the radius of maximum wind with much higher heating efficiency, and also a higher intensification rate.
An FSO-based Optimization Framework for Improved Observation Performance: Theoretical Formulation and Experiments with NAVDAS-AR/NAVGEM
Authors: Daescu Dacian N. , Langland Rolf H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The forecast sensitivity to observations (FSO) is embedded into a new optimization framework for improving the observation performance in atmospheric data assimilation. Key ingredients are introduced as follows: the innovation-weight parametrization of the analysis equation, the FSO-based evaluation of the forecast error gradient to parameters, a line search approach to optimization, and an efficient mechanism for step length specification. This methodology is tested in preliminary numerical experiments with the Naval Research Laboratory Atmospheric Variational Data Assimilation System-Accelerated Representer (NAVDAS-AR) and the U.S. Navy’s Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM) at a T425L60 resolution. The experimental setup relies on a verification state produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) to estimate the analysis and short-range forecast errors. Parameter tuning is implemented in a training stage valid for April 1-14 of 2018 and aimed at improving the use of assimilated observations in reducing the initial-condition errors. Assessment is carried out for April 15 – May 31 of 2018 to investigate the performance of the weighted assimilation system in reducing the errors in analyses and 24-hour model forecasts. In average, as compared with the control run and verified against the ECMWF analyses, the weighted approach provided 17.4% reduction in analysis errors and 3.1% reduction in 24-hour forecast errors, measured in a dry total energy norm. Observation impacts are calculated to assess the use of various observation types in reducing the analysis and forecast errors. In particular, assimilation of satellite wind data is significantly improved through the innovation-weighting procedure.
Creditor protection, shareholder protection, and cost of debt financing around the world
Authors: Dao Thi Huong , Tran Quoc Trung , Nguyen Thi Mai , Nguyen Tran Sy 
Published: March 2022

Debt financing plays an important role in corporate financial decisions. Therefore, the cost of debt is an interesting topic in corporate finance. Using a sample of 153,784 observations across 30 countries from 2003 to 2016, we find that creditor rights positively affect the cost of debt. In addition, the effect of shareholder rights is weaker in countries with stronger creditor protection. JEL Classification: G32, G34
Optimal Combination of Femoral Tunnel Orientation in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using an Inside-out Femoral Technique Combined With an Anterolateral Extra-articular Reconstruction
Authors: Stordeur Alban , Grange Sylvain , Servien Elvire , Blache Yoann , Klasan Antonio , Putnis Sven E. , Boyer Bertrand , Farizon Frédéric , Philippot Rémi , Neri Thomas 
Published: March 2022

Background: The optimal orientation of the anterolateral extra-articular reconstruction (ALLR) femoral tunnel to avoid collision with the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) femoral tunnel is not clearly defined in the literature. Purpose: To define the optimal combination of orientations of the ALLR femoral tunnel and the ACLR femoral tunnel using an inside-out technique to minimize risk of collision between these tunnels. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Three-dimensional reconstruction of magnetic resonance imaging scans of 40 knees after an isolated ACLR with an inside-out femoral technique was used to assess the collision risk between ACLR and virtual ALLR tunnels. The optimal ACLR tunnel orientation was defined as having the safest distance from the ALLR tunnel. A second collision analysis was performed on all patients presenting with an optimal orientation of the ACLR tunnel to then define the optimal ALLR tunnel orientation. The potential for trochlear damage was also studied. A collision risk of 0% to 5% was considered acceptable and referred to as “low risk.” Results: The only ALLR tunnel orientation presenting a low risk of collision with the ACLR tunnel was with an axial angle of 40° anteriorly and a coronal angle of 0°. This orientation presented a 48% risk of trochlear damage with the guide wire of the ALLR tunnel. The more posterior the orientation of the ACLR, the larger the distance from the ALLR tunnel. Among the 22 patients presenting with an optimal ACLR tunnel (alpha angle superior to 40°), the ALLR tunnels aimed with 1 of these 3 orientations presented a low risk of tunnel collision and trochlear damage: 40° axial and 10° coronal, 35° axial and 5° coronal, or 30° axial and 0° coronal. Conclusion/Clinical Relevance: To minimize risk of tunnel collision or trochlear damage when combining an inside-out ACLR with an ALLR, the ACLR tunnel should be performed with a posterior orientation (alpha angle >40°), and the ALLR tunnel should be aimed with 1 of 3 orientations: 40° axial and 10° coronal, 35° axial and 5° coronal, or 30° axial and 0° coronal.