bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell-laden bioink circulation-assisted inkjet-based bioprinting to mitigate cell sedimentation and aggregation
Authors: Liu Jiachen , Shahriar Md , Xu Heqi , Xu Changxue 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting precisely deposits picolitre bioink to fabricate functional tissues and organs in a layer-by-layer manner. The bioink used for 3D bioprinting incorporates living cells. During printing, cells suspended in the bioink sediment to form cell aggregates through cell-cell interaction. The formation of cell aggregates due to cell sedimentation have been widely recognized as a significant challenge to affect the printing reliability and quality. This study has incorporated the active circulation into the bioink reservoir to mitigate cell sedimentation and aggregation. Force and velocity analysis were performed, and a circulation model has been proposed based on iteration algorithm with the time step for each divided region. It has been found that (a) the comparison of the cell sedimentation and aggregation with and without the active bioink circulation has demonstrated high effectiveness of active circulation to mitigate cell sedimentation and aggregation for the bioink with both a low cell concentration of 1 × 106 cells ml−1 and a high cell concentration of 5 × 106 cells ml−1; and (b) the effect of circulation flow rate on cell sedimentation and aggregation has been investigated, showing that large flow rate results in slow increments in effectiveness. Besides, the predicted mitigation effectiveness percentages on cell sedimentation by the circulation model generally agrees well with the experimental results. In addition, the cell viability assessment at the recommended maximum flow rate of 0.5 ml min−1 has demonstrated negligible cell damage due to the circulation. The proposed active circulation approach is an effective and efficient approach with superior performance in mitigating cell sedimentation and aggregation, and the resulting knowledge is easily applicable to other 3D bioprinting techniques significantly improving printing reliability and quality in 3D bioprinting.
Al2O3 and CuO nano particulate-based paints for marine applications
Authors: Krishna Mohan M V , Bhanuprakash T V K , Mukherjee Aditya 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The present study focuses on the Preparation of Aluminum Oxide, and Copper oxide antifouling coatings to prevent or reduce corrosion and fouling in ships and marine vehicles. Al2O3 and CuO nanoparticles were prepared using the ball milling process. The nano paints were prepared using these nanoparticles as pigment and linseed alkyd resin as a binder. Mild-steel specimens coated with nano paint were immersed in seawater for 120 days and the properties were studied using Scanning electron microscopy, SEM—EDAX, X-ray Diffraction, and Fourier transform-infra red spectroscopy. It found an improvement in anti-fouling exhibited by Al2O3 mild steel plates and also an improvement using CuO when compared to bare paint. Contact angle measurement showed a marked increase for base paint which indicates its hydrophobic nature.
Effect of shifted gate stack engineering over negative capacitance tunnel field effect transistor (NCTFET)
Authors: Singh Amandeep , Sinha Sanjeet Kumar , Chander Sweta 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this work, the performance of negative capacitance field effect transistor is closely investigated with different source material to improvise the transfer characteristics and sub-threshold swing. Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (TFET) being a strong competitor of conventional MOSFET for low power applications has its abilities to pull down Subthreshold Swing (SS) below fundamental limit but it has its own limitations of lower ION current and existence of ambipolar region for lower VGS voltage range. This ambipolar behavior is strongly seen in case of silicon source NCTFET but when source material is replaced with Germanium, a heterojunction is formed at source channel junction, and because of that, improvised result is obtained in terms of steeper subthreshold slope and ION/IOFF ratio. This work compares the transfer characteristics obtained in case of Si-Source and Ge-Source Negative Capacitance Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (NCTFET). The results obtained indicates that heterojunction NCTFET gives a subthreshold swing of 56.6 mV dec−1 and enhances ION/IOFF ratio to 0.24 × 108 in magnitude.
Optimization of the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum and evaluation of their antioxidant potential
Authors: Melkamu Zaza , Jeyaramraja P R , Paulos Taddesse 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This work investigates the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing the aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum L. A change in colour to dark brown from yellow and an absorption maximum at 460 nm provided evidence for the synthesis of AgNPs. Several reaction conditions namely leaf extract volume, AgNO3 concentration and duration of incubation were optimized. Maximum synthesis of AgNPs could be achieved with 1 ml of 5% aqueous leaf extract, 1 mM AgNO3 and 2.5 h incubation period. DPPH (2, 2—diphenyl − 1 - picrylhydrazyl) assay revealed that AgNPs are better than the leaf extract in terms of antioxidant potential. These results strongly recommend the application of green-synthesized AgNPs as effective antioxidants against oxidative stresses associated with degenerative diseases. Characterization of AgNPs were then carried out using certain methods namely as x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD study confirmed the synthesis of face-centered cubic-shaped AgNPs that are of crystalline nature. The mean particle size of the synthesized AgNPs computed employing the Debye–Scherrer formula, was 22 nm. FTIR study demonstrated that the AgNPs consisted of certain functional groups of O. sanctum which might have helped in reducing AgNO3 and capping AgNPs. SEM images showed the synthesis of AgNPs of various shapes viz. globular, cubical and flaky. The scattered AgNPs were found to have a size close to 20 nm, which roughly matches with the XRD analysis of the current study.
The American Journal of Epidemiology and Social Epidemiology: Past and Future
Authors: Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Historically, the American Journal of Epidemiology (AJE) has played an important role in the development of social epidemiology as a field. To mark the centennial of the Journal, we invited commentaries from 3 sets of authors in which we asked them to reflect on the role of the AJE in advancing our understanding of the social determinants of population health and health disparities. Drs. Lisa Berkman, Mauricio Avendano, and Emilie Courtin discuss the promises and pitfalls of using experimental data (from both randomized trials and natural policy experiments) to interrogate the causal connection between social determinants and population health outcomes. Drs. Julie Palmer, Yvette Crozier, and Lynn Rosenberg look back on the first 25 years of the Black Women’s Health Study and the contributions of that study to our understanding of racial disparities in health. Drs. Luisa Borrell and Natalie Crawford review the AJE’s contributions to the definition and use of race and ethnicity in epidemiologic research and make recommendations for strengthening diversity and inclusion in the profession. A common thread that emerges across the invited essays is the AJE’s commitment to publishing articles that engage in critical self-reflection of the discipline.
The Transitional Decade
Authors: Schryer Stephen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nicky Marsh’s Credit Culture: The Politics of Money in the American Novel of the 1970s (2020), Michael Trask’s Ideal Minds: Raising Consciousness in the Antisocial Seventies (2020), and Andrew Strombeck’s DIY on the Lower East Side: Books, Buildings, and Art after the 1975 Fiscal Crisis (2020) challenge literary historical paradigms that treat the 1970s as a transitional decade. For all three writers, the transitional nature of the 1970s is precisely the feature that needs to be explored and theorized. In each text, the neoliberal 1980s are on the horizon, visible in the rise of financialization (Marsh), in the popularization of neoidealist models of the self (Trask), and in the mid-1970s fiscal crisis of New York (Strombeck). Yet rather than presenting neoliberalism as the inevitable result of these shifts, Marsh, Trask, and Strombeck explore foreclosed historical possibilities arising from the collapse of the Fordist economy, theorizing the 1970s as a moment of possibility when history could have followed different tracks.The three authors theorize the 1970s as a moment of possibility when history could have followed different tracks. 1970s cultural production, they argue, alternately traced these lost pathways and helped usher in the privatized 1980s.
Targeting novel sites in DNA gyrase for development of anti-microbials
Authors: Salman Mohd , Sharma Priyanka , Kumar Mukesh , Ethayathulla A S , Kaur Punit 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance in bacteria poses major challenges in selection of the therapeutic regime for managing the infectious disease. There is currently an upsurge in the appearance of multiple drug resistance in bacterial pathogens and a decline in the discovery of novel antibiotics. DNA gyrase is an attractive target used for antibiotic discovery due to its vital role in bacterial DNA replication and segregation in addition to its absence in mammalian organisms. Despite the presence of successful antibiotics targeting this enzyme, there is a need to bypass the resistance against this validated drug target. Hence, drug development in DNA gyrase is a highly active research area. In addition to the conventional binding sites for the novobiocin and fluoroquinolone antibiotics, several novel sites are being exploited for drug discovery. The binding sites for novel bacterial type II topoisomerase inhibitor (NBTI), simocyclinone, YacG, Thiophene and CcdB are structurally and biochemically validated active sites, which inhibit the supercoiling activity of topoisomerases. The novel chemical moieties with varied scaffolds have been identified to target DNA gyrase. Amongst them, the NBTI constitutes the most advanced DNA gyrase inhibitor which are in phase III trial of drug development.The present review aims to classify the novel binding sites other than the conventional novobiocin and quinolone binding pocket to bypass the resistance due to mutations in the DNA gyrase enzyme. These sites can be exploited for the identification of new scaffolds for the development of novel antibacterial compounds.
DRviaSPCN: a software package for drug repurposing in cancer via a subpathway crosstalk network
Authors: Wu Jiashuo , Li Xiangmei , Wang Qian , Han Junwei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Summary
Drug repurposing is an approach used to discover new indications for existing drugs. Recently, several computational approaches have been developed for drug repurposing in cancer. Nevertheless, no approaches have reported a systematic analysis of pathway crosstalk. Pathway crosstalk, which refers to the phenomenon of interaction or cooperation between pathways, is a critical aspect of tumor pathways that allows cancer cells to survive and acquire resistance to drug therapy. Here, we innovatively developed a system biology R-based software package, DRviaSPCN, to repurpose drugs for cancer via a subpathway (SP) crosstalk network. This package provides a novel approach to prioritize cancer candidate drugs by considering drug-induced SPs and their crosstalk effects. The operation modes mainly include construction of the SP network and calculation of the centrality scores of SPs to reflect the influence of SP crosstalk, calculation of enrichment scores of drug- and disease-induced dysfunctional SPs and weighted them by the centrality scores of SPs, evaluation of the drug–disease reverse association at the weighted SP level, identification of cancer candidate drugs and visualization of the results. Its capabilities enable DRviaSPCN to find cancer candidate drugs, which will complement the recent tools which did not consider crosstalk among pathways/SPs. DRviaSPCN may help to facilitate the development of drug discovery.

Availability and implementation
The package is implemented in R and available under GPL-2 license from the CRAN website (https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=DRviaSPCN).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Midfrontal theta dynamics index the monitoring of postural stability
Authors: Stokkermans Mitchel , Solis-Escalante Teodoro , Cohen Michael X , Weerdesteyn Vivian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStepping is a common strategy to recover postural stability and maintain upright balance. Postural perturbations have been linked to neuroelectrical markers such as the N1 potential and theta frequency dynamics. Here, we investigated the role of cortical midfrontal theta dynamics of balance monitoring, driven by balance perturbations at different initial standing postures. We recorded electroencephalography, electromyography, and motion tracking of human participants while they stood on a platform that delivered a range of forward and backward whole-body balance perturbations. The participants’ postural threat was manipulated prior to the balance perturbation by instructing them to lean forward or backward while keeping their feet-in-place in response to the perturbation. We hypothesized that midfrontal theta dynamics index the engagement of a behavioral monitoring system and, therefore, that perturbation-induced theta power would be modulated by the initial leaning posture and perturbation intensity. Targeted spatial filtering in combination with mixed-effects modeling confirmed our hypothesis and revealed distinct modulations of theta power according to postural threat. Our results provide novel evidence that midfrontal theta dynamics subserve action monitoring of human postural balance. Understanding of cortical mechanisms of balance control is crucial for studying balance impairments related to aging and neurological conditions (e.g. stroke).
Sex-specific life-history strategies among immature jumping spiders: Differences in body parameters and behavior
Authors: Mezőfi László , Markó Viktor , Taranyi Dóra Ágnes , Markó Gábor 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSelection forces often generate sex-specific differences in various traits closely related to fitness. While in adult spiders (Araneae), sexes often differ in coloration, body size, antipredator, or foraging behavior, such sex-related differences are less pronounced among immatures. However, sex-specific life-history strategies may also be adaptive for immatures. Thus, we hypothesized that among spiders, immature individuals show different life-history strategies that are expressed as sex-specific differences in body parameters and behavioral features, and also in their relationships. We used immature individuals of a protandrous jumping spider, Carrhotus xanthogramma, and examined sex-related differences. The results showed that males have higher mass and larger prosoma than females. Males were more active and more risk tolerant than females. Male activity increased with time, and larger males tended to capture the prey faster than small ones, while females showed no such patterns. However, females reacted to the threatening abiotic stimuli more with the increasing number of test sessions. In both males and females, individuals with better body conditions tended to be more risk averse. Spiders showed no sex-specific differences in interindividual behavioral consistency and in intraindividual behavioral variation in the measured behavioral traits. Finally, we also found evidence for behavioral syndromes (i.e., correlation between different behaviors), where in males, only the activity correlated with the risk-taking behavior, but in females, all the measured behavioral traits were involved. The present study demonstrates that C. xanthogramma sexes follow different life-history strategies even before attaining maturity.
Plateau pikas near roads are bold and silent when facing a potential predator
Authors: Zhu Bicheng , Qu Jiapeng , Cui Jianguo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Human disturbance, particularly road traffic, is one of the greatest threats to wildlife. Considering the association between alerting behavior and the survival of animals, it is important to study the effects of road traffic on alerting behavior of wildlife. Previous studies assessing the short-term impact of road traffic on alerting behavior of wildlife have focused on vigilance distances. However, studies on the use of alarm calls are scarce, and it is unclear whether such behavioral responses change after repeated exposure to road traffic. We assessed the alerting behavior of plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) who were near or far from roads when facing a potential predator. We found that pikas near roads exhibited shorter vigilance and tolerance distances, and produced fewer alarm calls than those relatively far away from roads. Furthermore, both vigilance and tolerance distances of plateau pikas were significantly positively correlated with the distance from the burrow to the road. Road traffic reduced antipredator responses and shaped alerting behavior; that is, pikas near roads were bolder and more silent compared to those far away from roads. Our findings suggest that increasing urbanization will have corresponding effects on animal behavior, which may have significant fitness effects in the future.
Predictors of enteral tube dependence in pediatric esophageal atresia
Authors: Yasuda Jessica L , Taslitsky Gabriela N , Staffa Steven J , Ngo Peter D , Meisner Jay , Mohammed Somala , Hamilton Thomas , Zendejas Benjamin , Manfredi Michael A 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChildren with esophageal atresia (EA) may require enteral tube feedings in infancy and a subset experience ongoing feeding difficulties and enteral tube dependence. Predictors of enteral tube dependence have never been systematically explored in this population. We hypothesized that enteral tube dependence is multifactorial in nature, with likely important contributions from anastomotic stricture. Cross-sectional clinical, feeding, and endoscopic data were extracted from a prospectively collected database of endoscopies performed in EA patients between August 2019 and August 2021 at an international referral center for EA management. Clinical factors known or hypothesized to contribute to esophageal dysphagia, oropharyngeal dysphagia, or other difficulties in meeting caloric needs were incorporated into regression models for statistical analysis. Significant predictors of enteral tube dependence were statistically identified. Three-hundred thirty children with EA were eligible for analysis. Ninety-seven were dependent on enteral tube feeds. Younger age, lower weight Z scores, long gap atresia, neurodevelopmental risk factor(s), significant cardiac disease, vocal fold movement impairment, and smaller esophageal anastomotic diameter were significantly associated with enteral tube dependence in univariate analyses; only weight Z scores, vocal fold movement impairment, and anastomotic diameter retained significance in a multivariable logistic regression model. In the current study, anastomotic stricture is the only potentially modifiable significant predictor of enteral tube dependence that is identified.
Sex and age as predictors of health-related quality of life change in Phase II cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: Jellestad Lena , Auschra Bianca , Zuccarella-Hackl Claudia , Princip Mary , von Känel Roland , Euler Sebastian , Hermann Matthias 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Aims
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) not only improves cardiovascular outcomes, but also health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Unfortunately, CR is still underutilized, especially among women and older patients. Aim of this study was to highlight age- and sex-specific effects of inpatient CR on HRQOL.

Methods and results
From 2012 to 2018, 18 459 patients were prospectively assessed in six Swiss CR clinics. Of these, we retrospectively analysed a final sample of 8286 patients with a mean (standard deviation) age of 67.8 (11.3) in men and 72.2 (11.3) in women. HRQOL was measured at CR entry and discharge. In multivariable analyses, sex- and age-specific changes in HRQOL throughout CR were estimated, adjusting for baseline HRQOL and clinical characteristics. Participants of both sexes improved significantly (P &lt; 0.001) in all domains of HRQOL during CR. Women reported significantly lower social (P &lt; 0.001) and emotional (P &lt; 0.001) HRQOL than men at CR entry. Female sex predicted greater improvement in social (F = 19.63, P &lt; 0.001), emotional (F = 27.814, P &lt; 0.001), and physical HRQOL (F = 20.473, P &lt; 0.001). In a subgroup of n = 2632 elderly patients (&gt;75 years), female sex predicted greater changes in emotional (F = 15.738, P &lt; 0.001) and physical (F = 6.295, P = 0.012), but not in social HRQOL.

Conclusion
Women report poorer HRQOL at CR entry compared with men, but in turn particularly benefit from CR in this regard. Our results indicate that sex- and age-specific needs of patients should be considered.
A bHLH transcription factor, SlbHLH96, promotes drought tolerance in tomato
Authors: Liang Yunfei , Ma Fang , Li Boyu , Guo Cong , Hu Tixu , Zhang Mingke , Liang Yan , Zhu Jianhua , Zhan Xiangqiang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Drought stress caused by water deficit reduces plant productivity in many regions of the world. In plants, basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors regulate a wide range of cellular activities related to growth, development and stress response; however, the role of tomato SlbHLHs in drought stress responses remains elusive. Here, we used reverse genetics approaches to reveal the function of SlbHLH96, which is induced by drought and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. We found that SlbHLH96 functions as a positive regulator of drought tolerance in tomato. Overexpression of SlbHLH96 in tomato improves drought tolerance by stimulating the expression of genes encoding antioxidants, ABA signaling molecules and stress-related proteins. In contrast, silencing of SlbHLH96 in tomato reduces drought tolerance. SlbHLH96 physically interacts with an ethylene-responsive factor, SlERF4, and silencing of SlERF4 in tomato also decreases drought tolerance. Furthermore, SlbHLH96 can repress the expression of the ABA catabolic gene, SlCYP707A2, through direct binding to its promoter. Our results uncover a novel mechanism of SlbHLH96-mediated drought tolerance in tomato plants, which can be exploited for breeding drought-resilient crops.