bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping topography and network of brain injury in patients with disorders of consciousness
Authors: Arachige Manoj Liyana , Seneviratne Udaya , John Nevin , Ma Henry , Phan Thanh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere is growing interest in the topography of brain regions associated with disorders of consciousness. This has caused increased research output, yielding many publications investigating the topic with varying methodologies. The objective of this study was to ascertain the topographical regions of the brain most frequently associated with disorders of consciousness.We performed a cross-sectional text mining analysis of disorders of consciousness studies. A text mining algorithm built in the Python programming language searched documents for anatomical brain terminology. We reviewed PubMed studies up to 9thJuly 2021 for the search query “Disorders of Consciousness.” The frequency of brain regions mentioned in these articles was recorded, ranked, then built into a graphical network. Subgroup analysis was performed by evaluating the impact on our results if analyses were based on abstracts, full-texts, or topic modelled groups (non-negative matric factorization was used to create subgroups of each collection based on their key topics). Brain terms were ranked by their frequency and concordance was measured between subgroups. Graphical analysis was performed to explore relationships between anatomical regions mentioned. The PageRank algorithm (used by Google to list search results in order of relevance) was used to determine global importance of the regions.The PubMed search yielded 14,945 abstracts and 2178 full-texts. The topic-modelled subgroups contained 2440 abstracts and 367 full-texts. Text Mining across all document groups concordantly ranked the thalamus the highest (Savage score = 14.191). Graphical analysis had 4 clusters: cluster 1 had 20 members with the insular cortex [PageRank =0.167] as the most important member; cluster 2 had 29 members with the amygdala [PageRank =0.0199] being most important; cluster 3 had 10 members with the thalamus [PageRank = 0. 0205] being most important; cluster 4 had 19 members with the cingulate cortex [PageRank = 0. 0.020] being the most important.The cingulate cortex and thalamus are strongly associated with disorders of consciousness, likely due to the roles they play in maintaining awareness and involvement in the Default Mode Network respectively. Other areas of the brain like the cuneus, amygdala and hippocampus should be further investigated.
“All of the things to everyone everywhere”: A mixed methods analysis of community perspectives on equitable access to monoclonal antibody treatment for COVID-19
Authors: Kwan Bethany M. , Sobczak Chelsea , Gorman Carol , Roberts Samantha , Owen Vanessa , Wynia Matthew K. , Ginde Adit A. , Pena-Jackson Griselda , Ziegler Owen , DeCamp Lisa Ross 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment for COVID-19 prevents hospitalization and death but is underused, especially in racial/ethnic minority and rural populations. The study assessed mAbs community awareness and opportunities for improving equitable mAb access.MethodsA concurrent mixed methods study including surveys and focus groups with adults with high-risk conditions or their proxy decision-makers. Surveys and focus group guides addressed diffusion of innovation theory factors. Descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact method was used to report and compare survey findings by race and ethnicity. Rapid qualitative methods were used for focus group analysis.ResultsSurveys from 515 individuals (460 English, 54 Spanish, 1 Amharic), and 8 focus groups (6 English, 2 Spanish) with 69 diverse participants, all completed between June 2021 and January 2022. Most survey respondents (75%) had heard little or nothing about mAbs, but 95% would consider getting mAb treatment. Hispanic/Latino and Non-Hispanic People of Color (POC) reported less awareness, greater concern about an intravenous infusion, and less trust in mAb safety and effectiveness than White, Non-Hispanic respondents. Focus group themes included little awareness but high interest in mAb treatment and concerns about cost and access, especially for those facing access barriers such as lacking an established source of care and travel from rural communities. Focus groups revealed preferences for broad-reaching but tailored messaging strategies using multiple media and trusted community leaders.ConclusionsDespite unfamiliarity with mAb treatment, most respondents were willing to consider receiving mAbs or recommend mAbs to others. While mAb messaging should have broad reach “to everyone everywhere,” racial and geographic disparities in levels of awareness and trust about mAbs underscore the need for tailored messaging to promote equitable access. Care processes should address patient-level mAb barriers, such as transportation, insurance, or primary care access. COVID-19 treatment dissemination strategies should promote health equity.
Functional Contribution of Mesencephalic Locomotor Region Nuclei to Locomotor Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Roussel Marie , Lafrance-Zoubga David , Josset Nicolas , Lemieux Maxime , Bretzner Frederic 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) results in a disruption of information between the brain and the spinal locomotor circuit. Although the spinal cord contains all the neural circuits to generate locomotion, people with SCI are unable to walk due to the absence of descending commands from the brain. Electrical stimulation of supraspinal locomotor centers, such as the Mesencephalic Locomotor Region (MLR), can promote locomotor recovery in acute and chronic SCI rodent models. Although clinical trials are currently underway in SCI patients, there is still debate about the organization of this supraspinal locomotor center and which anatomical correlate of the MLR should be targeted to promote functional recovery. Combining kinematics, electromyographic recordings, anatomical analysis, and mouse genetics, our study reveals that glutamatergic neurons of the cuneiform nucleus contribute to locomotor recovery by enhancing motor efficacy in flexor and extensor hindlimb muscles, and by increasing locomotor rhythm and speed on a treadmill, over ground, and during swimming in mice with chronic SCI. In contrast, glutamatergic neurons of the pedunculopontine nucleus slow down locomotion. Therefore, our study identifies the cuneiform nucleus and its glutamatergic neurons as a therapeutical target to improve locomotor recovery in patients living with SCI.One Sentence SummaryGlutamatergic neurons of the mesencephalic locomotor region contribute to spontaneous locomotor recovery following spinal cord injury and selective activation of a discrete glutamatergic subpopulation in this region can further improve functional outcome in chronic spinal cord injury.
On the fitness effects and disease relevance of synonymous mutations
Authors: Shen Xukang , Song Siliang , Li Chuan , Zhang Jianzhi 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTWe recently measured the fitness effects of a large number of coding mutations in yeast under four laboratory conditions, finding that most synonymous mutations are strongly deleterious although they are overall significantly less detrimental than nonsynonymous mutations. Kruglyak et al. believe that most nonsynonymous and nearly all synonymous mutations have no detectable fitness effects, so hypothesize that our results largely reflect the fitness effects of CRISPR/Cas9 off-target edits and secondary mutations that occurred in mutant construction. Dhindsa et al. argue that our findings contradict other yeast and human mutagenesis studies, human allele frequency distributions, and disease gene mapping results. We find Kruglyak et al.’s hypothesis unsupported by prior yeast genome editing studies and mutation rate estimates. Furthermore, their hypothesis makes a series of predictions that are falsified by our published and newly collected data. Hence, their hypothesis cannot explain our observations. Dhindsa et al.’s comparisons between synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations in prior mutagenesis studies and in contributions to disease are unfair and human allele frequency distributions can be compatible with our fitness estimates when multiple complicating factors are considered. While our fitness estimates of yeast synonymous mutants overturn the (nearly) neutral assumption of synonymous mutations, they are not inconsistent with various existing data.
Stereoretentive Post-Translational Protein Editing
Authors: Fu Xia-Ping , Yuan Yizhi , Jha Ajay , Levin Nikita , Giltrap Andrew M. , Ren Jack , Mamalis Dimitrios , Mohammed Shabaz , Davis Benjamin G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChemical post-translational methods now allow convergent side-chain editing of proteins as a form of direct chemical mutagenesis without needing to resort to genetic intervention. Current approaches that allow the creation of constitutionally native side-chains via C–C formation using off-protein carbon-centred C• radicals added to unnatural amino acid radical acceptor SOMOphile ‘tags’ such as dehydroalanine are benign and wide-ranging. However, they also typically create epimeric mixtures of D-/L-residues. Here we describe a light-mediated desulfurative method that, through the creation and reaction of stereoretained on-protein L-alanyl Cβ• radicals, allows Cβ–Hγ, Cβ–Oγ, Cβ–Seγ, Cβ–Bγ and Cβ–Cγ bond formation to flexibly generate site-selectively edited proteins with full retention of native stereochemistry under mild conditions from a natural amino acid. This methodology shows great potential to explore protein side-chain diversity and construct useful bioconjugates.Table of Contents Image
The FGF/FGFR system in the microglial neuroinflammation with Borrelia burgdorferi: intersectionality with other neurological conditions
Authors: Parthasarathy Geetha , Pattison Melissa B. , Midkiff Cecily C. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundLyme neuroborreliosis, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi affects both the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS, PNS). The CNS manifestations, especially at later stages, can mimic/cause many other neurological conditions including psychiatric disorders, dementia, and others, with a likely neuroinflammatory basis. The pathogenic mechanisms associated with Lyme neuroborreliosis, however, are not fully understood.MethodsIn this study, using cultures of primary rhesus microglia, we explored the roles of several fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) in neuroinflammation associated with live B. burgdorferi exposure. FGFR specific siRNA and inhibitors, custom antibody arrays, ELISAs, immunofluorescence and microscopy were used to comprehensively analyze the roles of these molecules in microglial neuroinflammation due to B. burgdorferi.ResultsFGFR1- 3 expressions were upregulated in microglia in response to B. burgdorferi. Inhibition of FGFR 1, 2 and 3 signaling using siRNA and three different inhibitors showed that FGFR signaling is proinflammatory in response to the Lyme disease bacterium. FGFR1 activation also contributed to non-viable B. burgdorferi mediated neuroinflammation. Analysis of the B. burgdorferi conditioned microglial medium by a custom antibody array showed that several FGFs are induced by the live bacterium including FGF6, FGF10 and FGF12, which in turn induce IL-6 and/or IL-8 in a dose dependent manner, indicating a proinflammatory nature. To our knowledge, this is also the first-ever described role for FGF6 and FGF12 in CNS neuroinflammation. FGF23 upregulation, in addition, was observed in response to the Lyme disease bacterium. B. burgdorferi exposure also downregulated many FGFs including FGF 5,7, 9, 11,13, 16, 20 and 21. Some of the upregulated FGFs have been implicated in major depressive disorder or dementia development, while the downregulated ones have been demonstrated to have protective roles in epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, spinal cord injury, blood-brain barrier stability, and others.ConclusionsIn this study we show that FGFRs and FGFs are novel mediators of inflammatory pathogenesis in Lyme neuroborreliosis. It is likely that an unresolved, long-term (neuro)-Lyme infection can contribute to the development of other neurologic conditions in susceptible individuals either by augmenting pathogenic FGFs or by suppressing ameliorative FGFs or both.
Balance between maternal antiviral response and placental transfer of protection in gestational SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Gonçalves Juliana , Melro Magda , Alenquer Marta , Araújo Catarina , Castro-Neves Júlia , Charepe Nádia , Serrano Fátima , Pontinha Carlos , Amorim Maria João , Soares Helena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMaternal immune responses during pregnancy protect the growing fetus by clearing infection, preventing its vertical transmission, and through transplacental transfer of protective immune mediators to the fetus. How maternal immune response balances SARS-CoV-2 antiviral responses with transplacental transfer of protection to the fetus remains unclear. Our study shows that upon SARS-CoV-2 maternal infection, neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are infrequently detected in cord blood. We uncovered that this is due to impaired IgG-NAbs placental transfer in symptomatic infection and to the predominance of maternal SARS-CoV-2 NAbs of the IgA and IgM isotypes, which are prevented from crossing the placenta. Crucially, the decision between favoring maternal antiviral response or transplacental transfer of immune protection to the fetus appears to hinge on the balance between IL-6 and IL-10 induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection, decreasing or increasing transplacental transfer of IgG-NAbs, respectively. In addition, IL-10 inversely correlates with maternal NK cell frequency. Finally, we found that ongoing infection favored perinatal transfer of maternal NK cells, highlighting a maternal sponsored mechanism to protect the newborn from horizontal transmission of infection. Our data point to an evolutionary trade-off which at once optimizes maternal viral clearance and vertical transfer of immune protection during the more susceptible perinatal period.Brief SummaryIn SARS-CoV-2 maternal infection, the balance between maternal antiviral response and transplacental transfer of cellular and humoral (NAb) protection hinges on maternal IL-6 and IL-10.
DNA methylation in clonal Duckweed lineages (Lemna minorL.) reflects current and historical environmental exposures
Authors: Van Antro Morgane , Prelovsek Stella , Ivanovic Slavica , Gawehns Fleur , Wagemaker Niels C.A.M. , Mysara Mohamed , Horemans Nele , Vergeer Philippine , Verhoeven Koen J.F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhile some DNA methylation variants are transgenerationally stable in plants, DNA methylation modifications that are specifically induced by environmental exposure are typically transient and subject to resetting in germ lines, limiting the potential for transgenerational epigenetics stress memory. Asexual reproduction circumvents germlines, and may be more conducive to long-term memory and inheritance of epigenetic marks. This, however, has been poorly explored. Taking advantage of the rapid clonal reproduction of the common duckweedLemna minor, we tested the hypothesis that a long-term, transgenerational stress memory from exposure to high temperature can be detected in DNA methylation profiles. Using a reduced representation bisulfite sequencing approach (epiGBS), we show that high temperature stress induces DNA hypermethylation at many cytosines in CG and CHG contexts but not in CHH. In addition, a subset of the temperature responsive CHG cytosines, showed differential DNA methylation between in lineages exposed to 30°C and 24°C, 3-12 clonal generations after subsequent culturing in a common environment, demonstrating a memory effect of stress that persists over many clonal generations and that is reflected in DNA methylation. Structural annotation revealed that this memory effect in CHG methylation was enriched in TEs. We argue that the observed epigenetic stress memory is likely caused by stable transgenerational persistence of high temperature-induced DNA methylation variants across multiple clonal generations. To the extent that such epigenetic memory has functional consequences for gene expression and phenotypes, this result suggests potential for long-term modulation of stress responses in asexual plants and vegetatively propagated crops.
How social self-efficacy and emotional self-efficacy moderate the relationship between occupational stress and knowledge hiding in Brazilian software industry
Authors: Jneid Cherine 
Published: August 2022

PurposeSoftware industry, one of the most knowledge-intensive industries, in Brazil has increased opportunities of evolution. Its competitive advantage relies on the efficiency of the organizational knowledge management, but the knowledge hiding, its antecedents and moderators are still understudied. This study seeks to identify a new antecedent to knowledge hiding, such the occupational stress.Design/methodology/approachThe author focused on the moderating effect of social self-efficacy and emotional self-efficacy in the relationship between occupational stress and knowledge hiding in software industry in Brazil. The author collected data from 189 software industry Brazilian employees in 30 firms using a time-lagged research design.FindingsThis study demonstrated that employees with high levels of social self-efficacy (SSE) and emotional self-efficacy (ESE) or both have more tendency to engage on knowledge hiding behavior comparing to their colleagues with low SSE and ESE. This study showed that SSE and ESE related positively to rationalized hiding, evasive hiding and playing dumb.Originality/valueThe author’s main contribution relies on the finding related to the joint role of social self-efficacy and emotional self-efficacy on engaging employees under occupational stress conditions in knowledge hiding behaviors.
Towards a better understanding of the concept of revenge against banks
Authors: Elhajjar Samer 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to investigate the concept of revenge against banks.Design/methodology/approachStructural equation modeling was used to test hypotheses based on collected survey data. A total of 625 questionnaires were collected from Lebanese customers.FindingsResearch findings identify multiple antecedents to consumers' desire for revenge against banks by encapsulating the cognitive, emotional, social, and personal patterns that influence the desire for revenge. The author found that the desire for revenge fuels direct behavioral reactions towards bank.Practical implicationsConsumer revenge remains underdeveloped in marketing research. This study provides managerial recommendations to assist bank response strategies in managing consumer revenge behaviors.Originality/valueThis study is one of very few that explores the concept of revenge against financial institutions, specifically by connecting the literature to the discovery of cognitive, affective, and social factors. This paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge by highlighting the role of personality traits in consumer revenge. This study’s research implications are built on unique findings in a developing country, while most extensive studies that boost negative public attitudes toward the banking industry are established in developed countries.
Compassion and altruism in organizations: a path for firm survival
Authors: Barghouti Zina , Guinot Jacob , Chiva Ricardo 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThe authors draw on this approach to explore the consequences of compassion and altruism in the workplace for firm performance, using organizational resilience as a mediating variable.Design/methodology/approachIn recent years, a paradigm shift has been proposed in the organizational sciences that includes a change from self-centeredness to interconnectedness. This emergent management paradigm considers that employees are not only motivated by self-interest but also by other-centered values, such as altruism and compassion for others. This alternative proposal suggests the need for a more humanistic perspective for management. To carry out the research, the authors applied a structural equation model to a sample of highly innovative companies from different sectors.FindingsThe results confirm that compassion at work leads to a climate based on altruism, which indirectly increases firm performance by means of organizational resilience. This study contributes to the organizational literature by revealing some benefits of promoting altruism and compassion in organizations.Originality/valueThis study therefore provides a detailed analysis of the consequences of altruism and compassion in organizations and reveals some organizational conditions that can drive firm performance. Moreover, this study is the first to suggest and empirically validate that a work climate based on altruism enhances organizational resilience. In turn, organizational resilience enables the firm to take appropriate actions to convert unexpected and adverse situations that potentially threaten its survival into sources of opportunity and growth.
How and when do exporters benefit from an international adaptation strategy? The moderating effect of formal and informal institutional distance
Authors: Gao Jie , Wang Tao , Jia Yu , Wang Cheng Lu 
Published: August 2022

PurposeDrawing on institutional theory, this study seeks to advance the understanding of how the indirect effect of exporters' adoption of an international adaptation strategy on export performance via enhanced legitimacy is differently moderated by formal and informal institutional distances from the host country market.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were collected from a sample of 251 exporters in China and analyzed with a multiple regression model to test the hypotheses.FindingsExporters' use of an international adaptation strategy affects their perceived legitimacy, which in turn influences their export performance. Moreover, formal institutional distance strengthens the indirect effect of an international adaptation strategy on export performance via legitimacy, whereas informal institutional distance weakens this indirect effect.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the knowledge of how and when adoption of an international adaptation strategy by exporters benefits export performance from an institutional perspective.