bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A system for multiplexed selection of aptamers with exquisite specificity without counterselection
Authors: Yoshikawa Alex M. , Wan Leighton , Zheng Liwei , Eisenstein Michael , Soh H. Tom 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Aptamers have the capacity to discriminate between structurally similar small molecules. However, generating such highly specific aptamers has proven challenging using conventional processes based on counterselection against nontarget molecules. In this work, we describe a high-throughput screening platform that can characterize the specificity of millions of aptamers toward a group of structurally related molecules in a single experiment and generate exquisitely specific aptamers without any counterselection. As exemplars, we generated aptamers with high affinity and specificity toward three structurally related kynurenine metabolites using our platform. Our platform can be readily adapted to other small-molecule targets and should therefore accelerate the development of aptamer reagents with exquisite specificity.
pH-degradable, bisphosphonate-loaded nanogels attenuate liver fibrosis by repolarization of M2-type macrophages
Authors: Kaps Leonard , Huppertsberg Anne , Choteschovsky Niklas , Klefenz Adrian , Durak Feyza , Schrörs Babara , Diken Mustafa , Eichler Emma , Rosigkeit Sebastian , Schmitt Sascha , Leps Christian , Schulze Alicia , Foerster Friedrich , Bockamp Ernesto , De Geest Bruno G. , Koynov Kaloian , Räder Hans-Joachim , Tenzer Stefan , Marini Federico , Schuppan Detlef , Nuhn Lutz 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Fibrosis is a consequence of most chronic liver diseases, but currently no approved antifibrotic treatment is available. M2-type macrophages drive fibrosis progression and prevent regression, even when effective causal therapies have been employed. M2-type macrophages activate a cascade of fibrogenic effector cells and can prevent removal of excess scar tissue. To switch these profibrogenic M2 to fibrolytic (regenerative) macrophages, we developed a pH-degradable, nanogel-based delivery system which can be covalently functionalized with the macrophage-repolarizing bisphosphonate alendronate. The nanogels efficiently deliver the clinically approved drug into hepatic nonparenchymal cells after intravenous administration. They do not eliminate macrophages but repolarize their phenotype and subsequently block fibrosis progression. This approach establishes a nanotherapeutic delivery platform to treat further M2-type macrophage-driven diseases, including cancer.
Excitation-polarization-dependent dynamics of polariton condensates in the ZnO microwire at room temperature
Authors: Ye Ziyu , Chen Fei , Zhou Hang , Luo Song , Sun Fenghao , Sun Zheng , Zheng Yuanlin , Chen Xianfeng , Xu Huailiang , Chen Zhanghai , Li Hui , Wu Jian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Based on ZnO microcavities with high quality factors, where the gain medium exhibits confinement of wave packets due to the intrinsically formed whispering gallery microcavity, strong coupling between excitons and cavity photons can be obtained at room temperature resulting in hybrid quasiparticles, e.g. exciton polaritons. In this work, polariton condensation is induced under the non-resonant excitation by linearly polarized femtosecond laser pulses with different polarization directions. The dynamical angle-resolved k-space spectra of the photoluminescence emission of polariton condensates are measured with sub-picosecond resolution by the self-developed femtosecond angle-resolved spectroscopic imaging technique. Our results show that the ultrafast dynamics of polariton condensation is sensitive to the polarization direction of the excitation pulses which can be explained qualitatively by the combined effect of selective excitation of distinct exciton modes in the sample and the effective coupling strength of the excitation pulses in the ZnO microcavity for various polarization directions. This work strengthened the understanding of the condensation process for cavity exciton polaritons at room temperature.
Enhanced magnetism and persistent insulating state in Mn doped Sr2IrO4
Authors: Li Yaodong , Niu Rui , Xu Feng , Zhen Weili , Huang Hui , Wang Jingrong , Zhu Wenka , Zhang Changjin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The influences of Mn substitution at the Ir site of Sr2IrO4 are investigated via a comprehensive study of the variation of structural parameters, the transport and magnetic properties of the Sr2Ir1−x
Mn
x
O4 samples. The incorporation of Mn leads to an increase of the in-plane Ir–O–Ir bond angle, while it is not sufficient to drive the Mott-insulating state to a metallic state. Interestingly, we find a coexistence of Ir4+–O2−–Ir4+ super-exchange interaction and Mn3+–O2−–Mn4+ double exchange interaction in x ⩾ 0.06 samples. The Mn3+–O2−–Mn4+ ferromagnetic domains are isolated by the Ir4+–O2−–Ir4+ antiferromagnetic areas, leading to a severely localized electronic and magnetic states. The electron hopping between the localized states dominates the conductivity of the Sr2Ir1−x
Mn
x
O4 samples.
Bearing fault diagnosis method based on multi-source heterogeneous information fusion
Authors: Zhang Ke , Gao Tianhao , Shi Huaitao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bearing fault diagnosis is a critical component of the mechanical equipment monitoring system. In the complex and harsh environment in which bearings operate, the fault diagnosis approach of multi-source information fusion can extract fault features more stably and extensively than the traditional single-source fault diagnosis method. However, most existing multi-source fusion methods are in infancy, and there are a number of pressing issues to address, such as subjective elements having a significant impact, excessive data redundancy, fuzzy multi-source signal fusion strategy, and insufficient accuracy. As a result, a new multi-source fusion fault diagnosis method is proposed in this paper. First, the residual pyramid algorithm is utilized to fuse the acoustic and vibration signals of multiple spatial positions respectively and then form two fused acoustic and vibration signals. Second, two improved 2D-CNN are used to extract the fault features contained in the above two signals separately to form a multi-source fault feature set. Third, an AdaBoost algorithm with a dynamic deletion mechanism is designed to fuse multi-source fault feature sets and produce the fault diagnosis findings. Finally, six different experimental data sets are used to test the performance of the model. The results reveal that the model has better generalization, higher and more stable fault diagnostic accuracy, and stronger anti-interference capacity.
Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering of Au–Ag bimetallic nanopillars fabricated using surface-plasmon lithography
Authors: Fan Yimin , Zhang Tao , Cai Zubo , Li Dongxian , Yue Weisheng , Gong Tiancheng , Luo Yunfei , Gao Ping 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Arrays of gold–silver (Au–Ag) bimetallic nanopillars were fabricated by a newly developed surface-plasmon lithography (SPL) and their enhancement properties as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates have been studied. We demonstrated that the SPL is a low-cost and high efficiency method for the fabrication of SERS substrates with both high sensitivity and reproducibility. The nanopillars showed a good response in the detection of methylene blue molecules at a low concentration of 1.0 × 10–11 mol· l−1. The SERS enhancement factors (EFs) are on the orders of 107 and the relative standard deviation of SERS intensity is <8% over an area of 50 μm × 50 μm. The EFs increase fast with the height increasing from 200 to 530 nm, then increase slowly when further increase the height of the nanopillars to 1100 nm. In addition, the Au–Ag bimetallic coating has shown much higher SERS enhancement than the coatings of either the pure Au or Ag. The excellent SERS enhancement and reproducibility of the Au–Ag coated nanopillars indicated that the fabricated SERS substrates can be used for the detection of biochemical molecules at trace level and the SPL is a promising method for fabrication of SERS substrates.
Characterization of the PTB ultra-high pulse dose rate reference electron beam
Authors: Bourgouin Alexandra , Knyziak Adrian , Marinelli Marco , Kranzer Rafael , Schüller Andreas , Kapsch Ralf-Peter 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Purpose. This investigation aims to present the characterisation and optimisation of an ultra-high pulse dose rate (UHPDR) electron beam at the PTB facility in Germany. A Monte Carlo beam model has been developed for dosimetry study for future investigation in FLASH radiotherapy and will be presented. Material and methods. The 20 MeV electron beams generated by the research linear accelerator has been characterised both in-beamline with profile monitors and magnet spectrometer, and in-water with a diamond detector prototype. The Monte Carlo model has been used to investigate six different setups to enable different dose per pulse (DPP) ranges and beam sizes in water. The properties of the electron radiation field in water have also been characterised in terms of beam size, quality specifier R
50 and flatness. The beam stability has also been studied. Results. The difference between the Monte-Carlo simulated and measured R
50 was smaller than 0.5 mm. The simulated beam sizes agreed with the measured ones within 2 mm. Two suitable setups have been identified for delivering reference UHPDR electron beams. The first one is characterised by a SSD of 70 cm, while in the second one an SSD of 90 cm is used in combination with a 2 mm aluminium scattering plates. The two set-ups are quick and simple to install and enable an expected overall DPP range from 0.13 Gy up to 6.7 Gy per pulse. Conclusion. The electron beams generated by the PTB research accelerator have shown to be stable throughout the four-months length of this investigation. The Monte Carlo models have shown to be in good agreement for beam size and depth dose and within 1% for the beam flatness. The diamond detector prototype has shown to be a promising tool to be used for relative measurements in UHPDR electron beams.
Electron temperature profile from optically grey X3-mode of electron cyclotron emission at Wendelstein 7-X using Bayesian analysis
Authors: Chaudhary Neha , Hirsch Matthias , Hoefel Udo , Oosterbeek Johan W , Marushchenko Nikolai B , Wolf Robert C 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The third harmonic extraordinary (X3) mode of electron cyclotron emission is investigated, aiming at its diagnostic capability towards the measurement of electron temperature, T

e
, of plasmas with higher densities exceeding the second harmonic extraordinary (X2) mode cutoff. A Bayesian data-analysis approach is adopted through the forward modeling of the X3 emission observations to extract the underlying T

e
profile. Bayesian analysis shows that the high field side of the X3 emission spectrum is sufficient to provide the T

e
profile. Additionally, for plasma control purposes, a correction factor is provided to track continuous core T

e
from the measured radiation temperature of the optically grey X3 emission.
Simulation and experimental study on a high figure of merit LDMOS with ingenious layout design
Authors: Wei Jie , Dai Kaiwei , Ma Zhen , Li Jie , Yang Kemeng , Luo Xiaorong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To improve the tradeoff relationship between the specific on-resistance (R
on,sp) and breakdown voltage (BV), a novel lateral double-diffusion metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (LDMOSFET) with an ingenious layout design is proposed and investigated by simulations and experiments. The proposed LDMOS features a specific convex-shape field plate (CFP) structure at source side and two separated integrated diodes (SID) at the drain side. On one hand, a continuous electron accumulation layer is formed from source to drain in the on-state, providing an ultralow current path to decrease the R
on,sp. On the other hand, the CFP and SID structures allow the proposed device to make full use of the drift length to sustain the off-state voltage, so that the novel device could maintain the same BV level with a shortened drift length. Thus, the proposed CFP–SID LDMOS achieves a much lower R
on,sp and better R
on,sp–BV tradeoff relationship. The experimental results illustrate that the CFP–SID LDMOS realizes a BV of 518 V and R
on,sp of 23.5 mΩ·cm2 with a high figure of merit (FOM) of 11.42 MW cm−2. Compared with the triple-RESURF LDMOS under the same BV, the proposed device decreases the R
on,sp by 53.8%.
Modulated light potentials for state manipulation of quasiparticles in ultra-cold Bose gases
Authors: Maaß Benjamin , Hartley Daniel , Busch Kurt , Rätzel Dennis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ensembles of ultra-cold atoms have been proven to be versatile tools for high precision sensing applications. Here, we present a method for the manipulation of the state of trapped clouds of ultra-cold bosonic atoms. In particular, we discuss the creation of coherent and squeezed states of quasiparticles and the coupling of quasiparticle modes through an external cavity field. This enables operations like state swapping and beam splitting which can be applied to realize a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) in frequency space. We present two explicit example applications in sensing: the measurement of the healing length of the condensate with the MZI scheme, and the measurement of an oscillating force gradient. Furthermore, we calculate fundamental limitations based on parameters of state-of-the-art technology.
Finite Element Analysis of elastomer: Case study – Rolling resistances of pneumatic and solid tyres
Authors: Jittham P , Sucharitpwatskul S , Siriruk S , Meesaringkarn S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
EU tyre labelling rules have been applied since November 1st, 2012, to inform about the performances of tyres on fuel efficiency (rolling resistance), safety (braking on wet surfaces) and noise (external noise). The tyre labels help customers to make their purchase decisions by trade off on tyre performances and prices. Consequently, manufacturers have to engineer their products so that their tyres are classified on top of the label categories. Tyre rolling resistance involves in many kinds of tyre knowledge such as rubber formulations, tyre structures and tyre tread patterns. Generally, 70% of tyre rolling resistance depends on the hysteresis properties of rubber compounds and 30% depends on other properties such as road conditions, tyre pressures, load carrying, vehicle speeds, and tyre tread designs. From this point of view, even if rubber compounds are formulated to have good hysteresis properties, they can help reduce tyre rolling resistance up to 70%. If tyre rolling resistance needs to be further reduced, tread designs have to be considered. Therefore, this case study will show how to reduce tyre rolling resistance by using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Pneumatic light truck tyres were used to study their tread patterns, tread depths and contact areas affecting their rolling resistances, while solid tyres were used to study on their tread patterns, tread depths, contact areas and tyre structures affecting their rolling resistances. The FEA results showed that tread patterns had high effects on rolling resistance of pneumatic light truck tyres while they had little effects on solid tyres. Contact areas and tread depths affected rolling resistances of both tyres. Increase in contact areas reduced tyre rolling resistances while increase in tread depths resulted in higher tyre rolling resistances.
Physico-chemical properties of Artificial tear ducts from Fractionated Thai silk fibroin
Authors: Limteamcharoen P , Kanokpanont S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Artificial tear ducts (ATD) or Jones tubes, have been used in patients with tear ducts obstruction for draining tears into the nose. Commercial ATDs are generally made of glass but they have slippery surfaces causing the ducts pushed out and easily broken. Polymer-based ATDs, are more flexible and adhesive to tissues. However, the users could encounter material-related problems due to allergic reactions, low tissue adhesion and complications. We designed artificial tear ducts from Thai silk fibroin (SF) solution. The SF was fractionated using freeze-thaw cycles (-4°C and 25°C for 5 cycles) into SF-P (precipitants, 63.53±4.58% yields) and SF-S (soluble, 34.05±5.76% yields (w/v)). The concentrated solutions (20%W/W) of SF, SF-P and SF-S were dip-coated into tubes. The leaking test was performed using simulated natural tear flow rate of 0.0022 mL/min for 6 h. SF-S duct lost its shape and leaked. Absorption of the balanced salt solution (BSS) of the SF and SF-P were at 5.67±0.76% and 8.05±1.28 wt.% respectively, giving their wet inner and outer diameters at 2 and 2.5 mm. and the thickness 500 microns. Crystallinities of SF and SF-P analyzed using ATR-FTIR, were at 42.27 and 44.51% respectively. The thermal decomposition temperature of SF and SF-P analyzed using TGA, were at 277 and 280°C. Degradability in BSS containing lysozyme 1.69 U/mg to mimic tears at 37°C in vitro showing that both ATDs are stabilized for at least 4 weeks. BSS height obtained capillary test that compared with glass ducts, SF and SF-P at 7.0±0.0, 6.9±0.4 and 7.1±0.4 mm, respectively, while glass ducts were 34.81±0.0. The SF and SF-P have flexural stress were 55.24±7.68 MPa and 81.42±2.71 MPa, %flexural strain at max stress was 5.43±0.46% and 2.54±0.17% and flexural Modulus was 1.82±0.29 GPa and 6.13±0.51GPa respectively. The results of all experiments indicate that SF-P had the highest potential for further development into natural polymer-based ATDs.
Study on rapid measurement technic of dry rubber content in latex cup lump by electrical properties
Authors: Chaisrichonlathan P , Chavapradit C 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dry rubber content meter is substantial tool for Impartial trade on rubber cup lump. Department of Agriculture researchers proposed rapid measurement technic of dry rubber content in latex cup lumps by their electrical properties. Two probe types needle and roller were designed, in the first phase, constructed, installed and tested. Needle type probe of 25 mm. in length and 5 mm. apart was selected in measuring electrical properties of cup lump samples as its penetration depth is half of the thickness. Two cylindrical rollers probe of 220 mm. in length and 101.6 mm. (4 inches) in diameter powered by 2 HP gear motor were designed, constructed, installed and tested. Rubber cup lump samples were each statistical divided into 9 regularly measuring parts in needle type probe. Rubber cup lump samples in rollers type probe were typically enforced to pass through 1-inch gap between two rollers. Irregular size sample of more than 76.2 mm. (3 inches) thickness of rubber cup were sliced before measuring into 2 equal thickness pieces. Electrical properties of samples were acquired by standard electrical measuring instruments and percentage of dry rubber content were determined by standard oven method for all sample segments. As the results of this study, rubber content percentage of cup lump was correlated with electrical capacitance than resistance. Electrical capacity value of the latex cup lump from needle-type and two roller-type probes were inversely correlated with the percentage of dry rubber content within the range of 0 – 75 nF and 0 – 380 nF and coefficient of determinations were 0.90 and 0.97, respectively. These initiate features will be utilized in designing of percentage of dry rubber content prototype meter by electrical property values in the future. Percentage of dry rubber content from DRC method of lump from fresh latex and conventional cup lump by oven method was significantly correlate. Electrical properties of latex cup lump produced in the laboratory and farmers are also significantly consistent.
Analysis of constituents present in smokeless tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) using spectroscopic techniques
Authors: Mishra Pratima , Kumar Rohit , Dwivedi Abhishek , Rai Awadhesh Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is an analytical technique used to identify and quantify the elements present in any type of material present in any phase (solid, liquid, gas, and aerosol). In the present work, our objective is to find the presence of toxic and other elements in chewing tobacco (
Nicotiana tabacum
) using LIBS. Spectral signatures of elements like C, Fe, Si, Mg, Mn, Ca, Ti, Na, H, N, K, O, along with some toxic elements Al, Sr, Li, Cu, Sb, and Cr are observed in the LIBS spectra of these tobacco samples. The spectral intensity ratio is measured for quantitative analysis of elements present in the samples. Further, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy is used for determining absolute concentration in these samples. A relation between the AAS result and the relative intensity of spectral lines measured in the LIBS is obtained using regression analysis. The multivariate technique, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), discriminates all the samples based on their toxicity and other constituents. Molecular study (Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS), UV-Visible (UV–vis), and FT-IR) of tobacco samples were performed to analyze the molecules present in the tobacco samples.
Accurate determination of electrical conductance in carbon nanostructures
Authors: Flygare Mattias , Svensson Krister 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Electrical characterization of nanostructures, such as nanotubes and wires, is a demanding task that is vital for future applications of nanomaterials. The nanostructures should ideally be analyzed in a free-standing state and also allow for other material characterizations to be made of the same individual nanostructures. Several methods have been used for electrical characterizations of carbon nanotubes in the past. The results are widely spread, both between different characterizations methods and within the same materials. This raises questions regarding the reliability of different methods and their accuracy, and there is a need for a measurement standard and classification scheme for carbon nanotube materials. Here we examine a two-probe method performed inside a transmission electron microscope in detail, addressing specifically the accuracy by which the electrical conductivity of individual carbon nanotubes can be determined. We show that two-probe methods can be very reliable using a suitable thermal cleaning method of the contact points. The linear resistance of the outermost nanotube wall can thus be accurately determined even for the highest crystallinity materials, where the linear resistance is only a few kΩ/μm. The method can thereby by used as a valuable tool for future classification schemes of various nanotube material classes.