bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical reasoning as midwifery: A Socratic model for shared decision making in person‐centred care
Authors: Gunby Julie D. , Lockhart Jennifer Ryan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractShared decision making has become the standard of care, yet there remains no consensus about how it should be conducted. Most accounts are concerned with threats to patient autonomy, and they address the dangers of a power imbalance by foregrounding the patient as a person whose complex preferences it is the practitioner's task to support. Other corrective models fear that this level of mutuality risks abdicating the practitioner's responsibilities as an expert, and they address that concern by recovering a nuanced but genuinely directive clinical role. Cribb and Entwistle helpfully categorize models of shared decision making as ‘narrower’ and ‘broader’ and praise the latter's ‘open‐ended and fully dialogical ways of relating’. However, they stop short of providing a philosophical account of how that dialogue works. In this paper, a nurse–midwife and a philosopher collaborate to argue that the Socratic model of dialogue offers a solution to the practitioner–patient dilemma. In the Theaetetus, Socrates compares dialogical reasoning to ‘midwifery with all its standard features’. By means of a three‐way analogy, elements of midwifery practice are used to illuminate features of Socrates' claim that his dialogue is like midwifery; those features are then translated into an approach to shared decision making as the ‘midwifery of good thinking’ which both midwives and physicians would do well to adopt. A key concept that emerges is the need for practitioners to make a risk‐confidence assessment of the particular content of any decision to appropriately modulate their role in the practice of shared decision making.
Second versus fourth generation of cryoballoon catheters: The 1STOP real‐world multicenter experience
Authors: Manfrin Massimiliano , Verlato Roberto , Arena Giuseppe , Pieragnoli Paolo , Molon Giulio , Tondo Claudio , Perego Giovanni Battista , Rovaris Giovanni , Sciarra Luigi , Mantica Massimo , Sacchi Riccardo , Ricciardi Danilo , Marini Massimiliano , Iacopino Saverio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt has been observed that the fourth‐generation cryoballoon (CB4) ablation catheter increased the rate of acute real‐time recordings of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) during the ablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this analysis was to compare the long‐term outcome results between patients treated with the CB4 and second‐generation cryoballoon (CB2).MethodsIn total, 492 patients suffering from AF, underwent PVI ablation with either the CB2 or CB4 catheter within this examination of the 1STOP real‐world Italian project and were included in the analysis. Specifically, 246 consecutive patients treated by CB4 were compared to 246 propensity‐matched control patients who underwent PVI using CB2.ResultsWhen comparing the patient cohorts treated with CB2 versus CB4, acute success rate (99.6 ± 4.7% vs. 99.7 ± 3.6%, p = .949) and peri‐procedural complications (3.7% vs.1.2%, p = .080) were similar in both groups, respectively. However, procedure time (100 vs.75 min, p < .001) and fluoroscopy duration (21 vs.17 min, p < .001) were all significantly lower in the CB4 treated patient cohort. At the 12‐month follow‐up, the freedom from AF recurrence after a 90‐day blanking period was significant higher in the CB4 as compared with the CB2 group (93.3% vs.81.3%, p < .001).ConclusionsIn summary, usage of the CB4 ablation catheter increased the rate of acute PVI recording capability and resulted in a higher rate of long‐term PVI success, as demonstrated by the reduced rate of AF recurrence in comparison to the CB2 cohort at the 12‐month follow‐up period.
Initial experience of left bundle branch pacing using the Abbott Agilis HisPro Catheter with stylet‐driven leads
Authors: Tay Julian Cheong Kiat , Lim Eric Tien Siang , Sim Evan Yih Shan , Chua Kelvin Chi Ming , Teo Hooi Khee , Lim Paul Chun Yih , Chong Daniel Thuan Tee , Ho Kah Leng , Ching Chi Keong , Tan Boon Yew 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsConduction system pacing has gained steady interest over recent years. While the majority of tools and delivery techniques were developed for His bundle pacing (HBP), the feasibility and reproducibility of using these similar tools for left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) has yet to be determined. We describe our technique for performing LBBP using the Abbott Agilis HisPro™ Steerable Catheter.Methods and resultsA series of 22 patients with a mean age of 71.7 years (16 males, 72.7%), underwent LBBP procedure with this catheter between May and October 2021. Nineteen patients (86%) had successful LBBP lead implantation. There were no major complications or mortality.ConclusionThe Agilis HisPro™ catheter along with the stylet driven Tendril STS Model 2088TC lead is a safe and feasible delivery system for LBBP.
Engaging stakeholders on TikTok: A multi‐level social media analysis of nonprofit Microvlogging
Authors: Wiley Kimberly , Schwoerer Kayla , Richardson Micayla , Espinosa Marlen Barajas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNonprofits are slow adopters of new social media platforms, yet many have joined TikTok. Successful microvlogging on sites like TikTok, Instagram, and SnapChat requires different types of engagement than microblogging on sites like Facebook and Twitter. The authors conduct a mixed‐method social media analysis to answer three questions: Do microvlogs support traditional social media functions? How are nonprofits engaging with stakeholders through microvlogging? Which function in the hierarchy of engagement framework best engages stakeholders? The authors qualitatively coded 1160 microvlogs on TikTok from 58 nonprofits. The qualitative dataset was merged with TikTok metadata to capture quantitative measures of user engagement. Findings indicate nonprofits employ community‐building strategies more than information‐sharing and action strategies. Users engage more often with the nonprofits' community‐building microvlogs. The authors conclude that nonprofits adapt their strategy to more effectively engage stakeholders when microvlogging, which suggests there may be a “new hierarchy” of engagement for microvlogging platforms.
Trust and the appreciation of art
Authors: Abrahams Daniel , Kemp Gary 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDoes trust play a significant role in the appreciation of art? If so, how does it operate? We argue that it does, and that the mechanics of trust operate both at a general and a particular level. After outlining the general notion of ‘art‐trust’—the notion sketched is consistent with most notions of trust on the market—and considering certain objections to the model proposed, we consider specific examples to show in some detail that the experience of works of art, and the attribution of art‐relevant properties or characterisations to works of art, very often involves the notion of trust; in such cases—perhaps most or even, implicitly, all—the question ‘Do I trust the artist (or art‐maker)?’, is inescapable.
Marginal material or key data? Understanding community attitudes to a survey about domestic and family violence
Authors: MacPhail Catherine , Hanley Natalia , Simpson Helen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis article examined “marginalia”—participants’ unsolicited additions to a survey conducted in regional Australia examining community attitudes to domestic and family violence.MethodsUsing mixed methods analysis, we examined whether there were any specific demographic or attitudinal characteristics associated with leaving marginalia on our survey. We used NVivo to thematically organize the types and content of marginalia provided by participants.ResultsWe found that leaving marginalia on the survey instrument was not associated with specific demographic or attitudinal characteristics, thus making it challenging to determine the primary motivation for leaving such additions. Thematically, the marginalia were largely concerned with providing further explanation or questioning and correcting. A smaller group focused on communicating attitudes toward and experiences of domestic and family violence.ConclusionsA minority of participants leave unrequested information on quantitative surveys. We suggest some further thoughts about the value of such data and how to manage it.
Leveraging MRI characterization of longitudinal tears of the deep digital flexor tendon in horses using machine learning
Authors: ELKhamary Ahmed N. , Keenihan Erin K. , Schnabel Lauren V. , Redding William R. , Schumacher Jim 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhile MRI is the modality of choice for the diagnosis of longitudinal tears (LTs) of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) of horses, differentiating between various grades of tears based on imaging characteristics is challenging due to overlapping imaging features. In this retrospective, exploratory, diagnostic accuracy study, a machine learning (ML) scheme was applied to link quantitative features and qualitative descriptors to leverage MRI characteristics of different grades of tearing of the DDFT of horses. A qualitative MRI characteristic scheme, combining tendon morphologic features, altered signal intensity, and synovial sheath distention, was used for LT classification with an excellent diagnostic accuracy of the high‐grade tears but more limited accuracy for the detection of low‐grade tears. A quantitative ML approach was followed to measure the contribution of 30 quantitative phenotypic features for characterizing and classifying tendinous tears. Among the 30 imaging features, boundary curvature represented by the standard deviation and maximum had the most significant discriminatory power (P < 0.05) between normal and abnormal tendons and could be used as an aid for classifying the different grades of LTs of DDFTs. Imaging analysis‐based 3D interactive surface plot supports qualitative characterization of different grades of LTs of the DDFT through clearer visualization of the tendon in three dimensions and simple integration of two perspectives features (i.e., margin/distribution and intensity/distribution). A systematic approach combining quantitative features with qualitative analyses using ML was diagnostically beneficial in MRI characterization and in discriminating between different grades of LTs of the DDFT of horses.
Watts in Store
Authors: Kosowatz John 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries are reliable and getting progressively cheaper, but generally deliver full power capacity for no more than four hours. But for renewable energy to fully replace fossil fuels, energy storage systems must advance to provide long and longer-term storage capability, and then deliver it on demand. There are a variety of technologies being developed for long-term storage, generally recognized as six to 12 hours.
Made in New York
Authors: Zeldovich Lina 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The eight digester towers at New York City's Newtown Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant seamlessly convert sewage into biogas and a dirt-like output, similar to how Mother Nature would do it. At 145 feet high and 80 feet in diameter, each egg holds about 3 million gallons of sludge, converting it into 2 million cubic feet of gas every day.
Optimal Synthesis of Unconventional Links for Modular Reconfigurable Manipulators
Authors: Dogra Anubhav , Sekhar Padhee Srikant , Singla Ekta 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Customization of manipulators having unconventional parameters and link shapes have gained attention to accomplish nonrepetitive tasks in a given cluttered environment. Adaptive modular and reconfigurable designs are being used to achieve customization and have provided time and cost-effective solutions. Major challenges are associated to provide the systematic approach on the design and realization of modular components considering connectivity and integration. This article focuses on the architectural synthesis of the modular links, optimized with respect to the dynamic torques while following a prescribed set of trajectories. The design methodology is proposed as an Architecture Prominent Sectioning−k strategy, which assumes a modular link as an equivalent system of k number of point masses, performing optimization to minimize the joint torques and map the resulting re-adjusted point masses into a possible architecture. The proposed strategy is general and can be applied to planar or spatial manipulators with n−DoF even with nonparallel and nonperpendicular jointed configurations. The design of optimal curved links is realized resulting from the optimized solution considering the dynamics of the modular configurations over primitive trajectories. The proposed modular library of unconventional curved link modules with joint modules have shown lesser requirement of the joint torques compared to the conventional straight links.
Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population: Development and Methods
Authors: Marinho Tenório Maria Cecília , Coelho-Ravagnani Christianne , Umpierre Daniel , Andrade Douglas Roque , Autran Roseanne , de Barros Mauro Virgilio Gomes , Benedetti Tânia R. Bertoldo , Cavalcante Fabiana Vieira Santos Azevedo , Cyrino Edilson Serpeloni , Dumith Samuel Carvalho , Florindo Alex Antonio , Garcia Leandro Martin Totaro , Mielke Grégore Iven , Ritti-Dias Raphael Mendes , Magalhães Lorena Lima , Sandreschi Paula Fabricio , Manta Sofia Wolker , da Silva Juliana Rezende Melo , da Silva Kelly Samara , Siqueira Fernando Carlos Vinholes , Hallal Pedro Curi , _ _ 
Published: April 2022

Background: This article describes the process and methods used in the development of the first ever Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population. Methods: The steering committee established 8 working groups based on other guidelines and the Brazilian agenda for public health and physical activity (PA) promotion: (1) understanding PA; (2) children up to 5 years; (3) children and youth (6–17 y); (4) adults; (5) older adults (60 years and above); (6) physical education at school; (7) pregnant and postpartum women; and (8) people with disabilities. Working groups were formed to (1) synthesize the literature on each topic; (2) conduct workshops with stakeholders, health professionals, researchers, and the public; and (3) prepare a draft chapter for open online consultation. Results: The document provides guidance for the population on the benefits of being active and recommendations regarding the amount (frequency, intensity, and duration) of PA recommended across all chapters. It also includes information on supporting networks for PA. Conclusions: The PA guidelines are widely accessible in Portuguese, including versions in English, Spanish, audiobook, and Braille, and will assist policy makers and professionals from several sectors to promote PA. The ultimate goal is to increase population levels of PA in Brazil.
Microspheres in the Silurian of the Altai Mountains: Morphology, Chemical Composition, Biomineralization, and Genesis
Authors: Sennikov N. V. , Novozhilova N. V. , Khabibulina R. A. , Luchinina V. A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The study of Silurian sediments in the central part of the Altai Mountains (Gorny Altai) by limestone dissolution has revealed two groups of spherical objects; large microspheres 90–120 µm and small nanofossils (nanospheres) 5–18 µm in diameter. Their double-layered walls are composed of standard-sized siderite microcrystals replaced by goethite. The Altai microspheres have a low Ca content (<0.5 wt %) so cannot be interpreted as calcispheres. The Altai Silurian microspheres and nanofossils (nanospheres) are tentatively attributed to biomineralized remains of loricae (shell-like envelopes) of various euglenoid alga generations.
Development of the My Positive Health dialogue tool for children: a qualitative study on children’s views of health
Authors: de Jong-Witjes Stacey , Kars Marijke C , van Vliet Marja , Huber Machteld , van der Laan Sabine E I , Gelens Eva N , Berkelbach van der Sprenkel Emma E , Nijhof Sanne L , de Jonge Maretha V , Rippen Hester , van de Putte Elise M 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundChildren’s views of health were explored in order to develop a health dialogue tool for children.MethodsA qualitative research design was used as part of a codesign process. Based on semi-structured interviews with both healthy children and children with a chronic condition (aged 8–18). Two approaches were applied. The first was an open exploration of children’s views on health, which was then thematically analysed. Subsequently, a framework was used, based on the six-dimensional My Positive Health (MPH) dialogue tool for adults, to guide the second part of the interviews, focusing on reviewing the children’s view on health within the context of the framework. For the final draft of the dialogue tool, a framework analysis was conducted and then validated by members of the ‘children’s council’ of the Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital.ResultsWe interviewed 65 children, 45 of whom had a chronic condition and 20 were healthy. The children described a broad concept of health with the central themes of ‘feeling good about yourself’ and ‘being able to participate’. Based on the subsequent framework analysis, the wording of two of the six dimensions of the MPH dialogue tool was adjusted and the related aspects were adapted for better alignment with the children’s concept of health. After these modifications, the tool fully matched the children’s concept of health.ConclusionThe MPH dialogue tool for children was developed for children with and without a chronic condition, to help them open up about what they consider important for their health and well-being, and to improve directorship over decisions and actions that would affect their health. The MPH dialogue tool aims to support healthcare professionals in providing the type of care and treatment that is in line with the needs of their young patients/clients.
Ethics of sedation for existential suffering: palliative medicine physician perceptions - qualitative study
Authors: Rodrigues Paulo , Ostyn Jozefien , Mroz Sarah , Ronsse Axelle , Menten Johan , Gastmans Chris 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesPalliative sedation for existential suffering (PS-ES) is considered a controversial practice to control refractory suffering at the end of life. This study aims to explore Belgian palliative care physicians’ perceptions regarding the ethics of PS-ES.MethodsThis nationwide qualitative study follows a Grounded Theory approach. We conducted semistructured interviews with 25 palliative care physicians working in 23 Belgian hospitals and hospices (Flanders, Brussels, Wallonia). We analysed the data using the Qualitative Analysis Guide Of Leuven and we followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines.ResultsThe data revealed that Belgian palliative care physicians have difficulty characterising ES and distinguishing it from other types of suffering. They express mixed attitudes towards PS-ES and employ a wide range of ethical arguments in favour and against it, which are mainly linked to the four principles of biomedical ethics.ConclusionSince there is a lack of consensus among Belgian palliative care physicians about PS-ES, further research is needed to clarify their attitudes. A better understanding of physicians’ underlying presuppositions can provide more insight into their perceptions of ES and PS-ES and provide further insight for establishing good practices in ES management at the end of life.
Comparing complaint-based triage scales and early warning scores for emergency department triage
Authors: Schinkel Michiel , Bergsma Lyfke , Veldhuis Lars Ingmar , Ridderikhof Milan L , Holleman Frits 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundEmergency triage systems are used globally to prioritise care based on patients’ needs. These systems are commonly based on patient complaints, while the need for timely interventions on regular hospital wards is usually assessed with early warning scores (EWS). We aim to directly compare the ability of currently used triage scales and EWS scores to recognise patients in need of urgent care in the ED.MethodsWe performed a retrospective, single-centre study on all patients who presented to the ED of a Dutch Level 1 trauma centre, between 1 September 2018 and 24 June 2020 and for whom a Netherlands Triage System (NTS) score as well as a Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) was recorded. The performance of these scores was assessed using surrogate markers for true urgency and presented using bar charts, cross tables and a paired area under the curve (AUC).ResultsWe identified 12 317 unique patient visits where NTS and MEWS scores were documented during triage. A paired comparison of the AUC of these scores showed that the MEWS score had a significantly better AUC than the NTS for predicting the need for hospital admission (0.65 vs 0.60; p<0.001) or 30-day all-cause mortality (0.70 vs 0.60; p<0.001). Furthermore, when non-urgent MEWS scores co-occur with urgent NTS scores, the MEWS score seems to more accurately capture the urgency level that is warranted.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that EWSs could potentially be used to replace the current emergency triage systems.
Population-level impact of a pulse oximetry remote monitoring programme on mortality and healthcare utilisation in the people with COVID-19 in England: a national analysis using a stepped wedge design
Authors: Beaney Thomas , Clarke Jonathan , Alboksmaty Ahmed , Flott Kelsey , Fowler Aidan , Benger Jonathan , Aylin Paul P , Elkin Sarah , Neves Ana Luisa , Darzi Ara 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundTo identify the population-level impact of a national pulse oximetry remote monitoring programme for COVID-19 (COVID Oximetry @home (CO@h)) in England on mortality and health service use.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using a stepped wedge pre-implementation and post-implementation design, including all 106 Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) in England implementing a local CO@h programme. All symptomatic people with a positive COVID-19 PCR test result from 1 October 2020 to 3 May 2021, and who were aged ≥65 years or identified as clinically extremely vulnerable were included. Care home residents were excluded. A pre-intervention period before implementation of the CO@h programme in each CCG was compared with a post-intervention period after implementation. Five outcome measures within 28 days of a positive COVID-19 test: (i) death from any cause; (ii) any ED attendance; (iii) any emergency hospital admission; (iv) critical care admission and (v) total length of hospital stay.Results217 650 people were eligible and included in the analysis. Total enrolment onto the programme was low, with enrolment data received for only 5527 (2.5%) of the eligible population. The period of implementation of the programme was not associated with mortality or length of hospital stay. The period of implementation was associated with increased health service utilisation with a 12% increase in the odds of ED attendance (95% CI: 6% to 18%) and emergency hospital admission (95% CI: 5% to 20%) and a 24% increase in the odds of critical care admission in those admitted (95% CI: 5% to 47%). In a secondary analysis of CO@h sites with at least 10% or 20% of eligible people enrolled, there was no significant association with any outcome measure.ConclusionAt a population level, there was no association with mortality before and after the implementation period of the CO@h programme, and small increases in health service utilisation were observed. However, lower than expected enrolment is likely to have diluted the effects of the programme at a population level.