bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter-sentence Entity Relation Extraction based on GNN of Message Propagation
Authors: Qian Chen , Chunxiang Guan , Guo Xin , Suge Wang , Deyu Li 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Compared with sentence-level relation extraction, it is more common that entities involving relationships exist in multiple sentences in actual scenarios. Therefore, document-level relation extraction has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of information extraction in recent years. In order to make full use of the contextual information and structure information of the document, this paper combine embedding representation of entities and the explicit structural relationships between entities to study extraction of document-level inter-sentence relations. Firstly, document is encoded using BiLSTM, while document graph is established using the explicit structure of document; Secondly, relational graph convolutional neural network based on message propagation is used to update nodes in the graph, thus local information of document is integrated into node embedding representation, using which edge embedding is updated; Finally, an iterative algorithm is used to complete the reasoning of edge information, and entity relation is predicted using a feed-forward network based on edge embedding. Experimental results show that, compared with the EoG model, the F1 values of inter-sentence relation are increased by 2.6% and 0.8% on the CDR and GDA datasets, respectively.
Are e-Cigarette Users at an Increased Risk of Bladder and Lung Cancer?
Authors: Herriges Michael Joseph , Shapiro Oleg , Jacob Joseph M. , Basnet Alina , Bratslavsky Gennady , Goldberg Hanan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
PurposeElectronic cigarette (e-cigarette) smoking and similar novel smoking modalities have raised questions about their impact on various cancers compared with traditional forms of tobacco smoking. Tobacco smoking has been proven to increase the risk of many cancers, including lung (LCa) and bladder (BCa) cancer. Currently, there is little data on how e-cigarette smoking impacts the incidence of these cancers. We investigated whether any disparities exist in the prevalence of LCa and BCa between various smoking histories using a US nationally representative data source.MethodsThis cross-sectional survey-based US study included men and women aged 18+ from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) database between 2016-2018. Primary endpoint was self-reported occurrence of LCa and BCa diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression analyses assessed possible association of various covariates with diagnosis of these cancers.ResultsPrevalence of BCa and LCa was higher in all smoking histories compared to never smokers. Patients with a history of e-cigarette smoking vs. no history of e-cigarette smoking were significantly younger at BCa diagnosis (56.87 [±9.86] vs. 65.00 [±12.60] years, p=0.001). Multivariable logistic regression models showed that a history of cigarette smoking and e-cigarette smoking individually and exclusively was associated with increased ORs of 2.476 (p=<0.001) and 1.577 (p=<0.001) for BCa diagnosis, respectively, and 4.589 (p=<0.001) and 1.614 (p=0.007) for LCa diagnosis, respectively. ConclusionCompared to never smokers, e-cigarette smoking history was associated with increased risk of LCa and BCa development. Additional studies are needed to better define the public health effects of these novel and unregulated products.
A Reduced Variational Approach for Searching Cycles in High-Dimensional Systems
Authors: Wang Ding , Lan Yueheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Searching recurrent patterns in complex systems with high-dimensional phase spaces is an important task in diverse fields. In the current work, an improved scheme is proposed to accelerate the recently designed variational approach for finding periodic orbits in systems with chaotic dynamics based on the existence of inertial manifold widely observed in various spatially extended systems, especially those with high dimensions. On the premise of keeping exponential convergence of the variational method, an effective loop evolution equation is derived to greatly reduce the storage and computing time. With repeated modification of local coordinates and evolution of the guess loop being carried out alternately, the rapid convergence and the stability of the reduction scheme are effectively achieved. The dimension of local coordiante subspaces is generally larger than the number of nonnegative Lyapunov exponents to ensure the exponential convergence. The proposed scheme is successfully demonstrated on several well-known examples and expected to supply a powerful tool in the exploration of high-dimensional nonlinear systems.
Bodily distress syndrome in Chinese outpatient hospital care: prevalence and associations with psychosocial variables
Authors: Ma Jing , Zheng Linli , Chen Ran , Ren Jie , Chen Hua , Zhang Yaoyin , Li Wentian , Ma Xiquan , Lu Wei , Wu Heng , Fritzsche Kurt , Toussaint Anne Christin , Leonhart Rainer , Wei Jing , Zhang Lan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Bodily distress syndrome (BDS) is a new, empirical-based diagnosis of functional somatic symptoms. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of BDS and its association with psychosocial variables in a Chinese clinical population.
Methods
A multicentre cross-sectional study of 1269 patients was conducted in 9 different Chinese tertiary outpatient hospitals. The BDS was identified based on a brief version of the Schedules for Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (RIFD) and the BDS Checklist-25. Sociodemographic data and further information were characterised from psychometric questionnaires (PHQ-15, PHQ-9, GAD-7, and WI-8) .
Results
Complete data were available for 697 patients.The prevalence of BDS was 26.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 23.5–30.1). Among the participants, 5.8% (95% CI: 4.1–7.6) fulfilled the criteria for single-organ BDS, while 20.9% (95%CI: 17.9–24.0) had multi-organ BDS. Comparison of the PHQ-15, PHQ-9, GAD-7, and WI-8 scores revealed higher scores on all dimensions for patients with BDS. In a binary logistic regression analysis, BDS was significantly associated with increased health-related anxiety (WI-8) and depression (PHQ-9). The explained variance was Nagelkerke’s R2 = 0.42.
Conclusions
In China, the BDS is a common clinical condition in tertiary outpatient hospital settings, and is associated with health anxiety and depressive symptoms. In this clinical population, the severe multi-organ subtype of BDS was the most frequent.
Factors Associated with Mortality Among Children Under Five Hospitalized with Severe Acute Malnutrition in Selected Provinces of Zambia: A Retrospective Review of Hospital Records
Authors: Chunga Chipwaila Choolwe , Chalwe Victor , Banda Kutha , Chilengi-Sakala Sandra , Solomon Hiwote , Leonard Colleen , Nkaama Justin , Bobo Mupeta , Aongola Agness , Biemba Godfrey 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Malnutrition continues to take the lives of millions of children every year. Children under the age of five years are especially susceptible to high rates of malnutrition and more than half of the deaths in under five children are caused by undernutrition in low- and middle-income countries. Zambia continues to have one of the highest rates of malnutrition in Southern Africa, specifically Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM). The country’s prevalence of under-five malnutrition is above the WHO Public Health threshold which may linked to the observed under-mortality. In this study, we assessed the factors associated with under-5 mortality in children with SAM. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study assessing the factors associated with under-5 mortality in children hospitalized with severe acute malnutrition. The study used data from a cross-sectional study which was assessing factors associated with SAM in under-5 children in five underperforming provinces of Zambia. In this study, we reviewed hospital records from 2014 to 2016 and recorded length of hospital stay, co-morbidities, and death among under-5 children presenting with SAM to select level-one hospitals. Stata version 13 was used for analysis. We conducted both descriptive and bivariate logistic regression to assess the association between mortality and select key factors. Results: We found that over half of the records we extracted listed SAM as the main cause of hospital stay. About one-fourth of under-5 children (24%) were recorded as being HIV positive at time of hospital stay. Malnourished under-5 children who were diagnosed as HIV positive were 3.5 times more likely to die than malnourished under-5 children who were HIV negative.Conclusions: Malnutrition continues to be a problem in Zambia. Undernourished children with existing co-morbidities such as HIV are at greater risk for mortality and poor health outcomes. To combat high rates of SAM, continued efforts are needed to provide adequate nutrition services and care especially in rural areas of Zambia.
Intermittent Fasting Two Days per Week versus One Day per Week, Matched for Total Energy Intake and Expenditure, Increases Weight Loss in Overweight/Obese Men and Women
Authors: Arciero Paul J , Arciero Karen M. , Poe Michelle , Mohr Alex E. , Ives Stephen J. , Arciero Autumn , Boyce Molly , Zhang Jin , Haas Melissa , Valdez Emma , Corbet Delaney , Judd Kaitlyn , Smith Annika , Furlong Olivia , Wahler Marley , Gumpricht Eric 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Intermittent fasting (IF), consisting of either a one-day (IF1) or two consecutive days (IF2) per week, is commonly used for optimal body weight loss (WL). Our laboratory has previously shown an IF1 diet combined with 6d/week of protein pacing (P; 4-5 meals/day evenly spaced, ~30% protein/day) significantly enhances WL, body composition, and cardiometabolic health in obese men and women. Whether an IF1-P or IF2-P, matched for weekly energy intake (EI) and expenditure (EE), is superior for WL, body composition, and cardiometabolic health is unknown. Methods: This study directly compared an IF1-P (n=10) versus an IF2-P (n=10) diet on WL and body composition, cardiovascular (blood pressure and lipids), hormone, and hunger responses in 20 overweight men and women during a 4-week WL period. Participants received weekly dietary counseling and monitoring of compliance from a registered dietitian. All outcome variables were assessed pre (week 0) and post (week 5).Results: Both groups significantly reduced body weight, waist circumference, percent body fat, fat mass, hunger, blood pressure, lipids, glucose, and increased percent fat-free mass (p < 0.05). However, IF2-P resulted in significantly greater reductions in body weight (-29%) and waist circumference (-38%) compared to IF1-P (p < 0.05), and showed a strong tendency for greater reductions in fat mass, glucose, and hunger levels (p < 0.10) despite similar weekly total EI (IF1-P, 9058 ± 692 vs. IF2-P, 8389 ± 438 kcals/week; p = 0.90), EE (~300 kcals/day; p = 0.79), and hormone responses (p > 0.10). Conclusions: These findings support short-term IF1-P and IF2-P to optimize weight loss and improve body composition, cardiometabolic health, and hunger management, with IF2-P providing enhanced benefits in overweight women and men. Trial Registration: This trial was registered March 03, 2020 at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04327141.
Underlying the mechanisms of changes in cancer prevalence among the U.S. Medicare beneficiaries: contributions of incidence, survival, and ascertainment at early stages.
Authors: Akushevich Igor , Yashkin Arseniy , Kovtun Mikhail , Yashin Anatoliy I. , Kravchenko Julia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To quantitatively evaluate contributions of trends in incidence, relative survival, and stage at diagnosis to the dynamics in the prevalence of major cancers (lung, prostate, colon, breast, urinary bladder, ovaries, stomach, pancreas, esophagus, kidney, liver, and skin melanoma) among older U.S. adults age 65+. Methods: Trend partitioning was applied to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program data for 1973-2016. Results: Growth of cancer prevalence in older adults decelerated or even decreased over time for all studied cancers due to decreasing incidence and improving survival for most of cancers, with a smaller contribution of the stage at cancer diagnosis. Changes in prevalence of cancers of lung, colon, stomach, and breast were predominantly due to decreasing incidence, increasing survival and more frequent diagnoses at earlier stages. Changes in prevalence of some other cancers demonstrated adverse trends such as decreasing survival in localized and regional stages (urinary bladder and ovarian) and growing impact of late-stage diagnoses (esophageal cancer). Conclusion: While decelerating or decreasing prevalence of many cancers were due to a beneficial combination of decreasing incidence and increasing survival, there are cancers for which decelerating prevalence is due to the lack of improvement in their stage-specific survival and/or increasing frequency of diagnosis at advanced stages. Overall, if the observed trends persist, it is likely that cancer burden due to its prevalence in older U.S. population will be lower than it was projected in earlier studies.
Impact of Anthropogenic Activity on Community Structure and Function of Microbiomes in Polluted Stretches of River Yamuna at New Delhi, India: Insights From Shotgun Metagenomics
Authors: Parida Pranaya Kumar , Behera Bijay Kumar , Dehury Budheswar , Rout Ajaya Kumar , Sarkar Dhruba Jyoti , Rai Anil , Das Basnata Kumar , Mohapatra Trilochan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The large population residing in the northern region of India surrounding Delhi mostly depends on water of River Yamuna, a tributary of mighty Ganga for agriculture, drinking and various religious activities. However, continuous anthropogenic activities mostly due to pollution mediated by rapid urbanization and industrialization has profoundly affected river microflora and their function thus its health. In this study, potential of whole genome metagenomics was exploited to unravel the novel consortia of microbiome and their functional potential in the polluted sediments of the river at Delhi. Analysis of high-quality metagenome data from Illumina NextSeq500 revealed substantial differences in composition of microbiota at different sites dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi phyla. The presence of highly dominant anaerobic bacteria like, Dechloromonas aromatica (benzene reducing and denitrifying), Rhodopseudomonas palustris (organic matter reducing), Syntrophus aciditrophicus (fatty acid reducing), and Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans (sulfate reducing) in the polluted river Yamuna signifies the impact of unchecked pollution in declining health of the river ecosystem. A decline in abundance of phages were also noticed along the downstream of river Yamuna. Mining of mycobiome reads uncovered plethora of fungal communities (i.e., Nakaseomyces, Aspergillus, Schizosaccharomyces, and Lodderomyces) in the polluted stretches due to the availability of higher organic carbon and total nitrogen (%) could be decoded as promising bioindicators of river trophic status. Pathway analysis through KEGG revealed higher abundance of genes involved in energy metabolism (nitrogen and sulphur), methane metabolism, degradation of xenobiotics (Nitrotoluene, Benzoate and Atrazine), two-component system (atoB, cusA and silA) and membrane transport (ABC transporters). Catalase peroxidase and 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase were the most abundant pollution degrading enzymes in polluted sites of river Yamuna. Overall, our results provide crucial insights into microbial dynamics and their function in response to high pollution and could be insightful to the ongoing remediation strategies to clean river Yamuna.
Advanced Harmonization Techniques Result in Accurate Establishment of In Vitro–In Vivo Correlations for Oxybenzone from Four Complex Dermal Formulations with Reapplication
Authors: Zambrana Paige , Hammell Dana , Stinchcomb Audra 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Due to high variability during clinical pharmacokinetic (PK) evaluation, the prediction of in vivo exposure from in vitro absorption testing of topical semisolid and liquid dermal products has historically proven difficult. Since absorption from unoccluded formulations can be influenced by environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, maximal effort must be placed on the harmonization of experimental parameters between in vitro and in vivo testing conditions to establish accurate in vitro/in vivo correlations (IVIVC). Using four different sunscreen formulations as a model, we performed in vitro permeation testing (IVPT) studies with excised human skin and maintained strict harmonization techniques to control application time, occlusion, temperature and humidity during in vivo human serum PK evaluation. The goal was to investigate if increased control over experimental parameters would result in decreased inter-subject variability of common topical formulations leading to acceptable IVIVC establishment. Using a deconvolution-based approach, excellent point-to-point (Level A correlation) IVIVC for the entire 12 h study duration was achieved for all four sunscreen formulations with < 10% prediction error of both area under the curve (AUC) and peak concentration (Cmax) estimation. The low variability of in vivo absorption data presents a proof-of-concept protocol design for testing of complex semisolid and liquid topical formulations applied over a large surface area with reapplication in a reliable manner. This work also presents the opportunity for expanded development of testing for the impact of altered temperature and humidity conditions on product absorption in vivo with a high degree of precision.
Efficiency of spatial sampling designs in estimating abundance and species richness of carabids at landscape level
Authors: Thiele Jan , Erley Gunda Schulte auf'm , Glemnitz Michael , Gabriel Doreen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Context: Declining biodiversity in agricultural landscapes has increased the need for research and monitoring of insect abundance and diversity at landscape level.Objectives: We investigated the accuracy of different spatial sampling designs in estimating landscape-level abundance and species richness of carabids in agricultural landscapes and, further, which sample size per landscape section was required and whether dominating land use or landscape subdivision affected accuracy and required sample size.Methods: We developed a simulation model that created raster maps of agricultural landscapes, compiled local carabid communities (species composition and abundances) within raster cells and simulated the sampling of carabids with pitfall traps using different spatial sampling designs and sample sizes between 4 and 49 sampling points per landscape section. Spatial sampling designs included random, systematic grid-based, stratified and clustered schemes.Results: To estimate landscape-level abundance, area-proportional stratified random sampling was most accurate followed by systematic grid-based designs. A sample size of 25 appeared to be the best trade-off between accuracy and sampling cost. Accuracy was not affected substantially by landscape characteristics in most cases. With respect to species richness, all designs except for clustered sampling had comparable accuracies, but even 49 samples were not sufficient to detect 80 % of the species.Conclusions: Systematic grid-based designs are generally recommendable for sampling of carabids in agricultural landscapes and, in case a carabid-specific habitat classification is available, area-proportional stratified random sampling provides optimal accuracy for estimating landscape-level abundance. For assessment of species richness, large sample size is more important than spatial sampling design.
Depicting the innate immune response landscape in Covid-19 emphasized type 1 interferon a key defense against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Xu Rulong , Zong Yali , Lin Yunhua , Liu Zhaoxia , Zhang Zhi , Kuang XinLei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been rampantly threatening much more people life, thus timely and precise countermeasures against SARS-COV-2 were a matter of urgency. Here, integrated bio-information analyse were used for deeply understanding the process of SARS-COV-2 infection. And it was demonstrated that pathways related to antivirus response, innate immune response, and type 1 interferon pathways were dominantly enriched in Covid-19, while neutrophil degranulation, inflammatory reaction and Covid-19 adverse outcome were also assigned significance. PPI network revealed that type 1 interferon pathways related genes ranked as the hub genes in Covid-19, and among these genes OASL, IFIT1,IFIT2,IFIT3 might be typically drug targeted, which was demonstrated by the cerna network and drug interaction network. Our research in the end meant to fundamentally achieve recommended strategies to benefit people suffering from SARS-COV-2 infection.
Diagnosis and Monitoring Value of Circulating Tumour Cells in Breast Cancer With an Optimised Microfluidic Device: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Gong Zhiyun , Yan Jing , Chen Yan , Li Aoshuang , Yang Xiaorong , Shi Weizhong , Guo Lin , Dai Tiantian , Wang Jie , Lu Renquan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Currently, there are various platforms for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) detection that need further improvement. Here we performed CTCs detection with a novel automatic CTCs isolation and enrichment platform, CytoBot® 2000.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study with186 breast cancer patients and 20 healthy volunteers. Peripheral blood was obtained and the CTCs were detected immediately. The performance of CytoBot® 2000 was verified by spiking assay and clinical samples through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The number of CTCs and CD45 positive CTCs were analyzed along with clinicopathologic features and clinical therapies. Additionally, a short-term follow-up review was presented for treatment monitoring with CTC.Results: CTCs were discovered in 119 of 137 patients (86.86%) with malignant tumors and 31 of 49 patients (63.27%) with benign carcinoid, but not in healthy group. Statistical analysis revealed that CTCs could easily distinguish malignant breast cancer from benign carcinoid (P < 0.0001). Notably, CTCs were significantly correlated with tumour progression (P = 0.0216). When the cut-off value was 2, the ROC curve estimated the sensitivity and specificity of 74.5% and 81.2%, respectively. The number of CTC was significantly associated with tumour TNM stage (P = 0.032) and tumour size (P = 0.0326). In retrospective follow-up, the majority of patients (65.22%) exhibited a reduction in CTCs enumeration because of improved treatment. Additionally, the increased proportion of CD45 positive CTCs has found during treatment with different strategies. Conclusion: The CTCs enumeration on CytoBot 2000® platform could accurately respond to the clinical diagnosis and treatment. CTCs and CD45 positive CTCs both have significance in clinical indication of cancer diagnosis and monitoring.