bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective isolation of extracellular vesicles from minimally processed human plasma as a translational strategy for liquid biopsies
Authors: Fortunato Diogo , Giannoukakos Stavros , Giménez-Capitán Ana , Hackenberg Michael , Molina-Vila Miguel A. , Zarovni Nataša 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Intercellular communication is mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs), as they enclose selectively packaged biomolecules that can be horizontally transferred from donor to recipient cells. Because all cells constantly generate and recycle EVs, they provide accurate timed snapshots of individual pathophysiological status. Although EVs can be isolated from any biofluid, blood plasma circulates through the whole body and it potentially transports EVs derived from most organs, making it the biofluid of choice in most studies. Blood collection is easy and minimally invasive, yet reproducible procedures to obtain pure bulk EV samples and specific EV subtypes from blood are still lacking. Here, we addressed central aspects of EV immunoaffinity isolation from simple and complex matrices, such as plasma. Methods/Results: Fluorescent EV spiking allowed us to demonstrate that target EV subpopulations can be efficiently retrieved from plasma, and that their enrichment is dependent not only on complex matrix composition, but also on the EV surface phenotype. Additionally, we found that plasma-derived EVs can be captured and detected using a simple protocol, which sequentially combines isolation and staining of specific surface markers. Finally, we conducted mRNA profiling experiments to prove that distinct EV subpopulations can be captured by directly targeting different surface markers. Furthermore, platelet-derived EVs encapsulated mRNA expression patterns that might be associated to early-stage lung cancer, which demonstrated that each EV subset conferred a differential clinical value, highlighting the advantages of selective isolation.Conclusions: In summary, our EV isolation protocol facilitated the extraction of clinically useful information from plasma. Compatible with common downstream analytics, it is a readily implementable tool that was tailored to provide a truly translational solution in routine clinical workflows, fostering the inclusion of EVs in novel liquid biopsy settings.
Outcomes following Surgical Resection of Cystic Intracranial Meningiomas
Authors: Tang Alan R. , Chotai Silky , Grisham Candace J. , Guidry Bradley S. , McDermott Jake R. , Le Chi H. , Morone Peter J. , Thompson Reid C. , Chambless Lola B. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Cystic meningiomas are rare, accounting for 2–7% of all intracranial meningiomas. Little is known regarding whether these meningiomas behave differently compared to solid meningiomas. We sought to study this relatively uncommon imaging appearance of meningioma and to evaluate its clinical significance.
Methods
A single-institution retrospective cohort study of surgically-treated meningioma patients between 2000–2019 was conducted. Cystic meningioma was defined as a tumor with an intratumoral or peritumoral cyst present on preoperative imaging. Demographics, preoperative imaging, histopathology characteristics, operative data, and surgical outcomes were reviewed. Imaging variables, histopathology and outcomes were reported for cystic meningiomas and compared with non-cystic meningiomas. Univariate/multivariable analyses were conducted.
Results
Of 737 total meningiomas treated surgically, 38 (5.2%) were cystic. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 84.2% of cystic meningioma patients. Eighty-two percent of cystic meningiomas were WHO grade I (n = 31), 15.7% were grade II and 2.6% were grade III. Most cystic meningiomas had low Ki-67/MIB-1 proliferation index (n = 24, 63.2%). A total of 18.4% (n = 7) patients with cystic meningioma had recurrence compared to 12.2% (n = 80) of patients with non-cystic meningioma (p = 0.228). No significant difference in median time to recurrence was observed between cystic and non-cystic meningiomas (25.4, Q1:13.9, Q3:46.9 months vs. 13.4, Q1:8.6, Q3:35.5 months, p = 0.080).
Conclusions
A small portion of intracranial meningiomas have cystic characteristics on imaging. Cystic meningiomas are frequently WHO grade I, have low proliferation index, and had similar postoperative outcomes compared to non-cystic meningiomas, suggesting that cysts in meningioma may not be as aggressive a feature as previously thought.
In Human Lymphatic Glycocalyx Identification by Electron Microscopy and Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Gianesini Sergio , Rimondi Erica , Raffetto Joseph Dante , Melloni Elisabetta , Pellati Agnese , Menegatti Erica , Avruscio Giampiero , Bassetto Franco , Costa Alfio Luca , Rockson Stanley 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUNDBlood flow is translated into biochemical inflammatory or anti-inflammatory messages based on the type of shear stress, by means of sensitive receptors located on the endothelium. Recognition of the phenomenon is of paramount importance for the advancement in the understanding of the pathophysiological processes of vascular remodeling.The endothelial glycocalyx is a pericellular matrix, identified in both arteries and veins, acting as sensors responsive to the flow changes. Venous and lymphatic physiology is interconnected; however, to our knowledge, a lymphatic glycocalyx-like structure has never been identified in humans. The objective of this investigation is to identify glycocalyx-like structures from ex vivo lymphatic human samples. METHODSLower limb vein and lymphatic vessels were harvested. The samples were analyzed by electron microscopy. The specimens were also examined by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS Scanning electron microscopic identified a glycocalyx-like structure in both venous and lymphatic structures. Immunohistochemistry for podoplanin, glypican-1, mucin-2, agrin and brevican characterized both the lymphatic and venous structures. CONCLUSIONSTo our knowledge, the present work reports the first identification of a glycocalyx-like structure in the human lymphatic. The vasculoprotective action of the GCX could become an investigational target in the lymphatic system as well, with clinical implications for the many patients affected by lymphatic disorders.
Physical Activity Increases Synovial Fluid in Ankle Tendon Sheaths: an Adjustment of MR Criteria is Needed
Authors: De Maeseneer Michel , Doering Seema , De Grove Veerle , Buls Nico , Shahabpour Maryam , Shahabpour Maryam , Provyn Steven , Willekens Inneke 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives: To compare the amount of fluid in synovial sheaths of the ankle before and after running. Our hypothesis was that this amount would increase, and that the threshold for what is normally acceptable should be adjusted after physical activity.Methods: Twenty-one healthy volunteers (n=42 ankles) ran for 40 minutes on a treadmill. They underwent 3T MRI before and immediately after running using a dedicated ankle coil. The images were stored and subsequently measured in a standardized way and independently read by two readers for fluid in the tendon sheaths in the retro and inframalleolar area. Statistics were performed for each tendon (Wilcoxon signed rank test), and also for the pooled data. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated.Results: For reader 1, for all tendons the values after running increased without reaching statistical significance. For reader 2 this was not the case for all tendons but for most. When all the data were pooled (n=800 measurements), the statistical difference before and after running was significant (p< 0.001).Conclusion: Data pre and post running show a trend of increasing synovial fluid, however not significant for each individual tendon. The pooled data for all tendons, (n=800) show a statistically significant increase after running (p< 0.001). The clinical implication is that the threshold for normally acceptable fluid should be adjusted if the patient undergoes an MR study after recent physical activity.
Staged Surgical Approach of Neonates with Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula from Low and Middle Income Countries
Authors: Kang Hae Sung , Kraus Samuel , Robertson Emily , Lanning David A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BackgroundNeonates born in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) often do not have access to adequate surgical care. We have partnered with the non-profit organization World Pediatric Project (WPP) to facilitate care for such patients. MethodsThis was a retrospective review of the patients (n=9) in this program. Our protocol included placement of a gastrostomy tube by local surgeons before definitive repair at the Children’s Hospital of Richmond at VCU (CHoR). The outcomes included: demographics, length of stay, complications, mortality, and nutritional status. ResultsThe median age at the time of admission to CHoR and at the time of surgery were 3.1 weeks [1.1 – 21.1] and 5.9 weeks [3.4 – 22], respectively. All the patients had a successful primary repair of the EA and TEF without postoperative mortality. As a result, every patient is now on regular PO diet by mouth without TPN dependence. Every patient has been seen in follow up in the U.S. and their home country. ConclusionWe provided successful multidisciplinary care for neonates with EA and TEF from LMICs in partnership with WPP, which has provided essential support to identify and manage these patients.
Assessments of Grazing Land Degradation and Communities' Response in Farta Woreda, South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Debrie Mersha 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In poor countries, grazing area is a valuable source of cattle feed. It has social, economic, and environmental benefits for the communities of Ethiopia. As a result, the general purpose of this study was to assess grazing ground degradation in Farta Woreda, as well as local community reactions, and 360 sample respondents were chosen from the target group using a stratified random sampling approach. The factors contributing to grazing land degradation in the area were identified using descriptive data like frequency, percentage, and mean, as well as inferential statistics from multiple logistic regressions models. According to the findings of the inquiry, there were both communal and private grazing grounds. The grazing land's capacity is not proportionate to the amount of livestock kept on it. Grazing land degradation is caused by both natural and human-made processes. Livestock size, slope type of the grazing land, traditional grazing practices, bush encroachment, and climate change were positive predictor variables of grazing land degradation at p < 0.05 significant level, and also Rotating grazing land, grazing field fences, minimizing animal size, grazing land management, and avoiding illegal grazing practices were among the mitigation strategies used by local communities to rehabilitate degraded grazing land. While, landholding size, frequency of extension service, and distance from grazing land to residence have negative predictor variables of grazing land degradation at a p < 0.05 significant level. Therefore all responsible bodies and communities should collaborate to develop contemporary grazing land management procedures to address the degradation issues.
Establishment of narrow root fracture models using modified temperature cycling method and diagnosis using different cone-beam CT units
Authors: Liang Jiahao , Hu Ziyang , Cao Dantong , Cao Ya , Xie Xin , Gao Antian , Wang Zhiyong , Lin Zitong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Aim: Using modified thermal cycling method to establish narrow root fracture models and evaluate the diagnosis efficiency of them using four different cone-beam CT (CBCT) units.Methodology: Fifty-six intact teeth were selected and the crowns of the teeth were embedded using general purpose acrylic resin. 50 root fracture models were established by soaking these teeth in liquid nitrogen and hot water cyclically; 6 teeth were used as negative control. All the 56 teeth were scanned with the smallest voxel size of four different CBCT units (NewTom VGi, Planmeca Promax 3D Max, Kavo 3D eXam and Soredex Scanora3D). 10 teeth were randomly selected and the roots were sliced using slow-speed saw to obtain horizontal root sections. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to measure the width of the fracture lines (FLs). The CBCT images were evaluated for the presence or absence of fracture lines. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for the diagnosis of FLs using the four CBCT units. Results: Fifty narrow root fracture models were successfully established, and 25 root sections with 45 FLs were acquired. The width of FLs was from 3.43μm to 143μm; 32.2% of the points had width under 25μm, while only 9.6% of them had width over 75μm. The accuracy was 0.41, 0.54, 0.41 and 0.30 for NewTom VGi, Planmeca Promax 3D Max, Kavo 3D eXam and Soredex Scanora3D, respectively. Conclusions: The modified temperature cycling method is a simple and effective method to establish narrow root fracture models, the diagnosis efficiently for these narrow fracture lines were quite poor using all the four different CBCT units.
Evaluation of the route selection in international freight transportation by using the CODAS technique based on interval-valued Atanassov intuitionistic sets
Authors: Görçün Ömer Faruk , Pamucar Dragan , Küçükönder Hande 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The selection of a proper international freight transport route is one of the crucial tasks for decision-makers since it can affect costs, efficiency, and transportation performance. Besides, the selection of suitable and appropriate freight routes can also reduce external costs of transportation such as emissions, noise, traffic congestions, accidents, and so on. Route selection in international transportation is a complicated decision-making problem as many conflicting factors and criteria affect the assessment process. It has been observed that there is no mathematical model and methodological frame used for solving these selection problems, and decision-makers make decisions on this issue based on their own experiences and verbal judgments in the research process. Therefore, a methodological frame is required to make rational, realistic, and optimal decisions on route selection. From this perspective, the current paper proposes using the IVAIF CODAS, an extended version of the traditional CODAS techniques, and using the Atanassov interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IVAIFS) for processing better the existing uncertainties. The proposed model is applied to solve the route selection, a real-life decision-making problem encountered in international transportation between EU countries and Turkey. According to the results of the analysis, option A6 (i.e., Route -6 (Bursa - Istanbul - Pendik-Trieste (Ro-Ro) - Austria - Frankfurt / Germany) has been determined as the best alternative. These obtained results have been approved by a comprehensive sensitivity analysis performed by using different MCDM techniques based on interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Hence, it can be accepted that the proposed model is an applicable, robust, and powerful mathematical tool; also, it can provide very reliable, accurate, and reasonable results. As a result, the proposed model can provide a more flexible and effective decision-making environment as well as it can provide valuable advantages to the logistics and transport companies for carrying out practical, productive, and lower costly logistics operations.
A Syntactic Information–Based Classification Model for Medical Literature: Algorithm Development and Validation Study
Authors: Tang Wentai , Wang Jian , Lin Hongfei , Zhao Di , Xu Bo , Zhang Yijia , Yang Zhihao 
Published: June 2022

Background
The ever-increasing volume of medical literature necessitates the classification of medical literature. Medical relation extraction is a typical method of classifying a large volume of medical literature. With the development of arithmetic power, medical relation extraction models have evolved from rule-based models to neural network models. The single neural network model discards the shallow syntactic information while discarding the traditional rules. Therefore, we propose a syntactic information–based classification model that complements and equalizes syntactic information to enhance the model.

Objective
We aim to complete a syntactic information–based relation extraction model for more efficient medical literature classification.

Methods
We devised 2 methods for enhancing syntactic information in the model. First, we introduced shallow syntactic information into the convolutional neural network to enhance nonlocal syntactic interactions. Second, we devise a cross-domain pruning method to equalize local and nonlocal syntactic interactions.

Results
We experimented with 3 data sets related to the classification of medical literature. The F1 values were 65.5% and 91.5% on the BioCreative ViCPR (CPR) and Phenotype-Gene Relationship data sets, respectively, and the accuracy was 88.7% on the PubMed data set. Our model outperforms the current state-of-the-art baseline model in the experiments.

Conclusions
Our model based on syntactic information effectively enhances medical relation extraction. Furthermore, the results of the experiments show that shallow syntactic information helps obtain nonlocal interaction in sentences and effectively reinforces syntactic features. It also provides new ideas for future research directions.
Impact of a Clinical Text–Based Fall Prediction Model on Preventing Extended Hospital Stays for Elderly Inpatients: Model Development and Performance Evaluation
Authors: Kawazoe Yoshimasa , Shimamoto Kiminori , Shibata Daisaku , Shinohara Emiko , Kawaguchi Hideaki , Yamamoto Tomotaka 
Published: June 2022

Background
Falls may cause elderly people to be bedridden, requiring professional intervention; thus, fall prevention is crucial. The use of electronic health records (EHRs) is expected to provide highly accurate risk assessment and length-of-stay data related to falls, which may be used to estimate the costs and benefits of prevention. However, no studies to date have investigated the extent to which hospital stays could be shortened through fall avoidance resulting from the use of prediction tools.

Objective
We first estimated the extended length of hospital stay caused by falls among elderly inpatients. Next, we developed a model that predicts falls using clinical text as input and evaluated its accuracy. Finally, we estimated the potentially shortened hospital stay that would be made possible by appropriate interventions based on the prediction model.

Methods
Patients aged 65 years or older were selected as subjects, and the EHRs of 1728 falls and 70,586 nonfalls were subjected to analysis. The extended-stay lengths were estimated using propensity score matching of 49 associated variables. Bidirectional encoder representations from transformers and bidirectional long short-term memory methods were used to predict falls from clinical text. The estimated length of stay and the outputs of the prediction model were used to determine stay reductions.

Results
The extended length of hospital stay due to falls was estimated to be 17.8 days (95% CI 16.6-19.0), which dropped to 8.6 days when there were unobserved covariates at an odds ratio of 2.0. The accuracy of the prediction model was as follows: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.851; F-value, 0.165; recall, 0.737; precision, 0.093; and specificity, 0.839. When assuming interventions with 25% or 100% effectiveness against cases where the model predicted a fall, the stay reduction was estimated at 0.022 and 0.099 days/day, respectively.

Conclusions
The accuracy of the prediction model using clinical text is considered to be higher than the prediction accuracy of conventional assessments. However, our model’s precision remained low at 9.3%. This may be due, in part, to the inclusion of cases in which falls did not occur because of preventative interventions during hospitalization. Nonetheless, it is estimated that interventions for cases when falls were predicted will reduce medical costs by 886 Yen/day (~US $6.50/day) of intervention, even if the preventative effect is 25%. Limitations include the fact that these results cannot be extrapolated to short- or long-term hospitalization cases, and that this was a single-center study.
Understanding Preconception Women’s Needs and Preferences for Digital Health Resources: Qualitative Study
Authors: Walker Ruth Elizabeth , Quong Sara , Olivier Patrick , Wu Ling , Xie Jue , Boyle Jacqueline 
Published: June 2022

Background
Improving preconception health can benefit all women, their children, and their families regardless of their individual pregnancy intentions. Rapidly increasing access to information technology and online engagement have created opportunities to use digital health resources to engage with preconception women regarding lifestyle behaviors.

Objective
This study explores how preconception women engage with digital health resources and online platforms to inform the design and development of a digital health resource to support women to make positive behavior change for their preconception health.

Methods
This codesign research followed the Double Diamond process, which focuses on contextualization and explorative processes in phase 1 and ideation and development processes in phase 2. Phase 1 is reported on in this study and was undertaken via a series of 1-on-1 in-depth interviews with female participants (N=12) aged 18-45 years over 3 months. Interviews were designed to explore participants’ lived experiences in relation to their health and desired supports for healthy lifestyle behaviors. The first interview focused on participants’ perceptions of health and health behaviors, the second interview focused on social connections for health, and the third interview focused on digital health information and supports. Conversations from the first interview informed the development of the second interview, and conversations from the second interview informed the development of the third interview. Community advisors (N=8) met to provide feedback and advice to the researchers throughout the interview process. Qualitative analyses of transcripts from interviews were undertaken by 2 researchers before a deductive process identified themes mapped to the capability, opportunity, motivation, and behavior (COM-B) framework.

Results
In total, 9 themes and 8 subthemes were identified from 124 codes. In relation to digital health resources, specifically, participants were already engaging with a range of digital health resources and had high expectations of these. Digital health resources needed to be easy to access, make women’s busy lives easier, be evidence based, and be reputable. Social connectedness was also highly important to our participants, with information and advice from peers with similar experiences being preferred over yet more online health information. Online communities facilitated these social interactions. Participants were open to the idea of chatbots and virtual assistants but acknowledged that they would not replace authentic social interactions.

Conclusions
Codesigned digital health resources should be evidence based, reputable, and easy to access. Social connections were considered highly important to women, and designers of digital health resources should consider how they can increase opportunities for women to connect and learn from each other to promote health behaviors.