bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear mapping between continuous- and discrete-time dynamics
Authors: Zhang Liang , Cai Chao-Ran , Zhang Ji-Qiang , Liu Xu-Sheng , Wang Chong-Yang , Wu Zhi-Xi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Linear mapping is widely used in dynamic modeling and empirical data analysis, but it suffers from the serious shortcoming that it does not work in the common case of time intervals being large. The fundamental cause of the failure is that the linear mapping does not take into account the coupling effects of multiple events within a discrete time interval. Here, we develop a theoretical framework to provide a nonlinear mapping between continuous- and discrete-time dynamics by accounting for the coupling effect. We have verified the effectiveness of our mapping by exploring classical susceptible-infected-susceptible and susceptible-infected-recovered models. In particular, we give a quantitative criterion that the sum of two transition probabilities —from one state to the other and vice versa— must be strictly less than 1 for binary-state dynamics.
The Results of Interfacetal Fusion Using Local Bone Combined With an Atlantoaxial Instrumentation
Authors: Oh Younggyu , Lee Byung-Jou , Lee Subum , Jeon Sang Ryong , Roh Sung Woo , Park Jin Hoon 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:
Many studies have described different C1–2 fusion techniques that have evolved over time. We introduced an easy and effective C1–2 fusion technique using local bone chips combined with atlantoaxial instrumentation.

OBJECTIVE:
To identify the efficacy of interfacetal fusion using local bone combined with atlantoaxial instrumentation by assessment of clinical outcomes and fusion rate.

METHODS:
We retrospectively reviewed the data from 25 patients who underwent atlantoaxial stabilization surgery using C1–2 pedicle screws and interfacetal bone fusion by a single surgeon between March 2012 and December 2019.

RESULTS:
The demographics were 15 men and 10 women with a mean age of 57.6 years (range, 27-85 years) at the time of surgery. Three patients underwent surgery for myelopathy due to os odontoideum, 9 for C1–2 instability, 9 for trauma, 3 for rheumatoid arthritis, and 1 for bony spur, C1–2. At 3 months postsurgery, 3 and 21 patients showed 2-point and 1-point improvements in the Nurick grade, respectively. There was no difference in the Nurick score in 1 patient. Seven patients had a computed tomography scan at 1 year after surgery, which revealed a bridging trabecular bone. No movement was observed in the x-ray flexion/extension view at 1 year after surgery in all patients. In addition, no patients complained of postoperative occipital neuralgia.

CONCLUSION:
This study showed that interfacetal fusion with C1–2 pedicle screws using the free-hand technique was efficient and simple.
Surgical Anatomy of the Middle Communicating Artery and Guidelines for Predicting the Feasibility of M2-M2 End-to-End Reimplantation
Authors: Abramov Irakliy , Belykh Evgenii , Loymak Thanapong , Srinivasan Visish M. , Labib Mohamed A. , Preul Mark C. , Lawton Michael T. 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:
M2-M2 end-to-end reimplantation that creates a middle communicating artery has recently been proposed as a reconstruction technique to treat complex aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery that are not amenable to clipping.

OBJECTIVE:
To examine the surgical anatomy, define anatomic variables, and explore the feasibility of this bypass.

METHODS:
Sixteen cadaver heads were prepared for bypass simulation. After the middle cerebral artery bifurcation was approached, the proximal insular (M2) segments and perforators were explored. To define the maximal distance between the M2 segments that allows the bypass to be performed, the M2 segments were mobilized and reimplanted in an end-to-end fashion.

RESULTS:
Successful reimplantation was performed in all specimens. The mean maximal distance between the M2 segments to create the proposed reimplantation was 9.1 ± 3.2 mm. The mean vessel displacement was significantly greater for the superior (6.0 ± 2.3 mm) M2 segment than for the inferior (3.2 ± 1.4 mm) M2 segment (P < .001).

CONCLUSION:
In this cadaveric study, the stumps of the M2 segments located at a distance of ≤9.1 mm could be approximated to create a feasible M2-M2 end-to-end anastomosis. Intraoperative inspection of the M2 segments and their perforators could allow further assessment of the feasibility of the procedure before final revascularization decisions are made.
Safety and Feasibility of DTRAX Cervical Cages in the Atlantoaxial Joint for C1/2 Stabilization
Authors: Sommer Fabian , Kirnaz Sertac , Goldberg Jacob L. , McGrath Lynn B. , Schmidt Franziska , Gadjradj Pravesh , Medary Branden , Härtl Roger 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:
Pathological changes in the atlantoaxial joint often lead to instability, pain, and neurological deterioration. One treatment option is the surgical stabilization of the atlantoaxial joint. In other areas of the spine, fusion rates have been improved by the introduction of an interbody cage. Our aim was to use cervical interbody spacers, originally designed to augment fusion across subaxial posterior cervical facets, to optimize the conditions for atlantoaxial fusion.

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of implanting cervical cages in the atlantoaxial joint for C1/2 stabilization.

METHODS:
Our retrospective study evaluated patients who had undergone C1/2 cervical fusions by the Harms/Goel technique. This technique was modified by implanting a titanium cervical interbody spacer into the joint space. Mean overall pain, as measured by a 0 to 10 visual analog scale (VAS) and neurological outcomes were measured preoperatively and postoperatively. In addition, radiological outcomes were collected using follow-up imaging.

RESULTS:
Nine patients were included in this case series. The mean preoperative VAS for overall pain was 5.0 ± 4.0, which changed to a mean VAS of 2.0 ± 3.0 after an average follow-up period of 41.4 ± 20.4 (P = .043). All patients showed a bony fusion in our case series. None of the radiological imaging during follow-up showed screw loosening, hardware breakage, implant migration, or nonunion.

CONCLUSION:
The implantation of cervical titanium cages into the atlantoaxial joint in combination with posterior fixation appears to be a safe and effective method for achieving C1/2 fusion.
Ppp4r3a deficiency leads to depression-like behaviors in mice by modulating the synthesis of synaptic proteins
Authors: Gao Fei , Liu Ai , Qi Xing , Wang Meitian , Chen Xiao , Wei Shijun , Gao Shang , Sun Yueqing , Sun Ping , Li Xi , Sun Wenjie , Li Jiangxia , Liu Qiji 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Chronic stress is one of the main risk factors for the onset of major depressive disorder. Chronic unpredictable mild stress results in reduced expression of synaptic proteins and depression-like behaviors in rodent models. However, the upstream molecule that senses the demand for synaptic proteins and initiates their synthesis under chronic stress remains unknown. In this study, chronic unpredictable mild stress reduced the expression of PPP4R3A in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in mice. Selective knockout of Ppp4r3a in the cortex and hippocampus mimicked the depression- and anxiety-like behavioral effects of chronic stress in mice. Notably, Ppp4r3a deficiency led to downregulated mTORC1 signaling, which resulted in reduced synthesis of synaptic proteins and impaired synaptic functions. By contrast, overexpression of Ppp4r3a in the cortex and hippocampus protected against behavioral and synaptic deficits induced by chronic stress in a PPP4R3A–mTORC1-dependent manner. Rapamycin treatment of Ppp4r3a-overexpressing neurons blocked the regulatory effect of Ppp4r3a on the synthesis of synaptic proteins by directly inhibiting mTORC1. Overall, our results reveal a regulatory role of Ppp4r3a in driving synaptic protein synthesis in chronic stress.
Effects of prey density and flow speed on plankton feeding by garden eels: a flume study
Authors: Ishikawa Kota , Wu Heng , Mitarai Satoshi , Genin Amatzia 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Feeding by zooplanktivorous fish depends on their foraging movements and the flux of prey to which they are exposed. While prey flux is a linear function of zooplankton density and flow speed, those two factors are expected to contribute differently to fish movements. Our objective was to determine the effects of these factors for garden eels, stationary fish that feed while anchored to the sandy bottom by keeping the posterior parts of their bodies inside a burrow. Using a custom-made flume with a sandy bottom, we quantified the effects of prey density and flow speed on feeding rates by spotted garden eels (Heteroconger hassi). Feeding rates increased linearly with prey density. However, feeding rates did not show a linear relationship with flow speed and decreased at 0.25 m s−1. Using label-free tracking of body points and 3D movement analysis, we found that the reduction in feeding rates was related to modulation of the eel's movements, whereby the expected increase in energy expenditure was avoided by reducing exposure and drag. No effects of flow speed on strike speed, reactive distance or vectorial dynamic body acceleration (VeDBA) were found. A foraging model based on the body length extended from the burrow showed correspondence with observations. These findings suggest that as a result of their unique foraging mode, garden eels can occupy self-made burrows in exposed shelter-free sandy bottoms where they can effectively feed on drifting zooplankton.
Sucking lice and spiracular transpiration: turning a liability into a benefit and a necessity
Authors: Burgess Ian F. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Sucking lice feed on blood and therefore ingest more water than they require for maintaining hydration. This water must be excreted; however, unlike other blood-feeding insects, they do not produce urine but do become dehydrated within hours if unable to feed. Using human clothing lice and head lice, Pediculus humanus ssp., and high sensitivity balances, it was shown that recently fed lice lost mass consistently as water ingested with the blood meal was excreted via the respiratory system. If all spiracles were occluded using petroleum jelly, mass/water loss was inhibited. Blocking thoracic spiracles resulted in a slight reduction in the rate of mass loss compared with untreated lice, but blocking the abdominal spiracles resulted in an enhanced rate of mass loss. Lice immersed in water did not lose mass but maintained the same mass for several hours, after which they increased in mass as the tissues became turgid, indicating that the insects were able to block water ingress during the period of stability, but that after some time the mechanism failed allowing water to enter the lice by osmosis.
Χώροι από ήχο – χρόνοι της τεχνικής: Διασυνδέσεις μεταξύ τεχνολογίας, δικτύων, μουσικής και σώματος
Authors: Κυριακόπουλος Λέανδρος 
Published: March 2022

Πως διαμορφώνονται οι δυνατότητες της μουσικής παραγωγής, του ήχου, της ακρόασης αλλά και της εμπειρίας του μουσικού και ηχητικού τεχνουργήματος μέσα από τις τεχνολογίες των δικτύων και τα ψηφιακά μέσα; Πως αλλάζουν οι επιστημολογίες αλλά και οι οντολογίες της ηχητικότητας από τον ορίζοντα δυνατοτήτων που διανοίγει ο χώρος της ψηφιακότητας; Τα κείμενα του παρόντος τόμου επιδιώκουν τη διερεύνηση και την ανάδειξη των «συνάψεων» που δημιουργούνται από τις σχέσεις μεταξύ τεχνολογιών, δικτύων, μουσικής και σώματος. Ενδιαφέρονται να κατανοήσουν τις σχέσεις μεταξύ εικονικών περιβαλλόντων και παράγωγων σχηματισμών του χρόνου μέσα από τον ήχο, τον θόρυβο, και τη μουσική. Συσχετίζουν τη δυτική μουσική παράδοση – μια έντονα σημασιολογική πολιτιστική τέχνη – με τις αλγοριθμικές οικονομίες και τις νέες οικονομίες ορατότητας των ψηφιακών πλατφορμών· όπως εξίσου και με τις πρακτικές, τις πολιτικές και τις αισθητικές συνδηλώσεις που διαλεκτικά συνοδεύουν τις οικονομίες αυτές. Εξετάζουν τη δυνατότητα της αναπαραγωγής των ηχητικών ερεθισμάτων που στοχεύουν στην υποκειμενική εμπειρία του παρόντος, και τη σχέση αυτής της δυνατότητας με την πολιτιστική και τη δημιουργική βιομηχανία. Αλλά και αναδεικνύουν τις καλλιτεχνικές και πειραματικές εφαρμογές που στοχεύουν στον αναστοχασμό και την κριτική κατανόηση των αλλαγών που επιφέρουν οι δυνατότητες αυτές.
Food Safety Audits in Developing Economies: Decentralization vs. Centralization
Authors: Dong Lingxiu , Rashkova Iva , Shi Duo 
Published: March 2022

Problem definition: This paper investigates and compares two types of food safety auditing structures: decentralized and centralized audits. Academic/practical relevance: Decentralized food safety auditing systems are common among developing economies, that is, different tiers of a food supply chain are audited by separate government agencies. Such an auditing structure has been widely criticized as ineffective at mitigating food safety risks. Some developing countries began implementing centralized auditing systems as a remedy for the mis-coordination across local auditing agencies. We compare food safety outcomes and economical payoffs of the two auditing systems. Methodology: We study a parsimonious game-theoretic model of a one-supplier, one-buyer supply chain and two agencies auditing each tier of the supply chain, respectively. Under decentralized audits, each of the two agencies minimizes its individual cost, and their decisions are sequential; under centralized audits, the agencies minimize total agency cost and make auditing commitment up front. Results: We identify forces that drive equilibrium decisions under decentralized audits. The penalty-shield effect of an agency’s auditing capability may lead to risky behavior by the supplier. The free-riding effect between the two agencies may lead to less auditing. A centralized commitment makes the agencies the leader in the game at the expense of them losing the flexibility to respond to the actions of supply chain members. The common objective under centralization strengthens the incentives for at least one agency to conduct an audit, but it may also induce the lower-cost, less-capable agency to audit. Hence, centralized audits can be detrimental to performance regarding both food safety outcomes and system payoff. Managerial implications: Changing the auditing structure from decentralization to centralization may fail to improve food safety and system payoff insofar as it may replace one form of inefficiency with another. Addressing the new inefficiencies should be part of the ongoing effort to enhance the efficacy of centralized audits. History: This paper has been accepted for the Manufacturing & Service Operations Management Special Section on Responsible Research in Operations Management. Funding: The work of D. Shi was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72102205]. Supplemental Material: The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.1058 .
Influence of Structural Parameters of Intermittent Discharge Equipment on Hole Fertilization Performance
Authors: Zhang Kang , Wu Xue Mei , Song Zhu Jun , Zhang FuiGui , Zhen Le 
Published: March 2022

HighlightsIntermittent fertilizer discharge equipment was designed to realize hole fertilizer application.The optimal structure of the fluted discharge roller was three grooves with conical cross-sections.This study provides a reference for the design of equipment and control systems for hole fertilizer application.Abstract. Fertilizers are necessary for high crop yields. In mechanized application of starter fertilizer for tobacco, discharging the fertilizer immediately below the seedlings promotes root growth and nutrient uptake, resulting in a high utilization rate. This placement is called hole fertilizer application and is fertilizer-saving and environment-friendly. To meet the requirements of hole fertilizer application for crops with specific plant spacing, equipment to intermittently discharge fertilizer has been designed based on the structure of a fluted roller. To explore the influence of the structural and working parameters of the intermittent discharge equipment on the uniformity of hole fertilization and the accuracy of marking fertilizer positions, the fertilizer discharge process and marking process were simulated using a discrete element method based on theoretical analysis. The optimal combination of parameters was a tapered circular groove shape with three grooves, the rotational speed of the fluted roller was 30 rpm, and the center distance between two material bins was 40 cm. In the simulation, the coefficient of variation for single-hole fertilizer application was 3.39%, and the marking error was 1.86 cm. Bench tests were performed using the optimal combination of parameters to verify the simulation results. The intermittent discharge equipment was able to achieve hole fertilizer application and mark the fertilizer position. The coefficient of variation for single-hole fertilizer application was 4.35%, and the marking error was 1.95 cm. The bench tests proved that the discrete element method was feasible for optimizing the equipment parameters. This study provides a reference for developing hole fertilizer application equipment and control systems to improve fertilizer use efficiency. Keywords: Fertilizer performance, Groove structure, Hole fertilizer application, Intermittent fertilizer discharge, Structural parameter.s
Development and Testing of an Electro-Hydraulic System for Height Control of Sugarcane Harvester Basecutter
Authors: Ding Zhengliang , Ma Shaochun , Wang Fenglei , Xing Haonan , Bai Jing , Hu Jiwei 
Published: March 2022

HighlightsThis article focuses on an automatic control system for basecutter height.The influence of three factors on the performance indexes was studied.The best parameter combination for working performance was obtained.Abstract. Precision control of the basecutter height of sugarcane harvesters is an effective method to reduce stubble damage and sugar loss. Due to uneven ground, it is difficult to maintain the desired basecutter height. Therefore, an electro-hydraulic control system for controlling the basecutter height was developed to address these issues. In this control system, an angle sensor was used to detect the basecutter height by measuring the swing angle of a profiling device. To evaluate the performance of the control system, a series of tests was conducted with a mobile cutting platform. Forward speed (1, 2, or 3 km h-1), ground wavelength (1, 2, or 3 m), and ground amplitude (4, 8, or 12 cm) were selected as influencing factors. ANOVA of the orthogonal experiment results showed that forward speed and ground amplitude had significant effects on the coefficient of variation (CV) of cutting depth, while ground wavelength had a non-significant effect. The influence order of the factors on the CV of cutting depth was forward speed &gt; ground amplitude &gt; ground wavelength. The best combination was determined as a forward speed of 1 km h-1, ground wavelength of 2 m, and ground amplitude of 4 cm. A single-factor test indicated that a forward speed of less than 2 km h-1 can meet the requirement that the CV is less than 10%. This study provides a reference for future design and development of automatic adjustment systems for basecutter height. Keywords: Automatic adjustment of basecutter height, Electro-hydraulic control system, Sugarcane, Sugarcane harvester.
Superlative Approach for Plant Disease Identification with Enhanced CSA Algorithm
Authors: Sowmya M. , Subramani Bojan 
Published: March 2022

Disease detection in plant leaf helps farmers to protect the plant from diseases at its early stage. The most important problems are determining and anticipating plant diseases, which may be addressed for increasing output. In this research, Rider Cuckoo Search algorithm is improved with K nearest neighbour algorithm is used to classify the diseased leaf. Initially the Gaussian filtering is used in pre-processing to remove the noises in image. Following getting pre-processed image, it is exposed to segmentation step, which uses piecewise fuzzy C-means (piFCM) clustering to acquire the segments. Segmentation involves the feature extraction process which has information gain, histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), and entropy. Finally plant Disease is classified using the KNN algorithm. This proposed algorithm is implemented with the images of the plant village dataset. The proposed research work is evaluated using certain parameters like accuracy of the disease detection, Error of the algorithm, Speed of the algorithm, and time for classifying the disease. The Proposed algorithm outperformed with the values of 99.32% accuracy, 0.68% error, 2400 obs/sec speed, and time taken is 0.57743 sec respectively when compared with the existing algorithms like Hybrid SIFT algorithm, Hybrid K-means Fuzzy logic SVM algorithm, and Cuckoo Search Algorithm.
Novel MAGFinFET: Operation, Design and Geometry Effect for Modern Sensors
Authors: Swe Khine Thandar Nyunt , Pamonchom Chanvit , Poyai Amporn , Phetchakul Toempong 
Published: March 2022

This paper presents a new magnetic detection device, MAGFinFET, which is based on the advanced 3D FinFET structure. It can measure the vertical magnetic field by designing two contacts on both sides of the drain. The operation uses the principle of the current mode of Hall effect causing the deflection of the drain currents at both contacts. The 3D geometry effect was studied: channel length, fin height and fin width. It can be seen that when the values of these parameters are increased, the differential currents and relative sensitivities are increased linearly. Relative sensitivity has the highest value 0.00201 T−1-1 at channel length 50 nm. Fin height and fin width of 50 nm give the highest sensitivity of 0.00468 T−1-1 and 0.00415 T−1-1 respectively. Current density distributions of the different variations of each parameter Lgg, Fhh and Fww are observed by applying vertical magnetic field on the device. The 3D-MAGFinFET has been compared to that of the 2D non-split drain MAGFET structure and bulk fin resistor that use n-type semiconductor instead of induction channel. MAGFinFET shows quite higher sensitivity compared to bulk fin resistor. MAGFinFET mechanism models and simple characteristic equations are proposed in this work. Sentaurus TCAD is used for the device structure and simulation for the characteristics of MAGFinFET. This FinFET based device can be fabricated with modern integrated circuit technology.