bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Exposure Keratopathy in the Intensive Care Unit: Evaluation of an EMR-Based Lubrication Order Protocol for Ventilated Patients
Authors: Swiston Cole J. , Hu K.S , Simpson A , Burton E , Brintz B.J , Lin A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose In this pilot study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of an electronic medical record (EMR) order set for lubricating ointment (four times daily) in the prevention of exposure keratopathy in ventilated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) at the University of Utah. We attempted to capture the magnitude of morbidity, cost, and care burden in ventilated patients, as well as the utility of a systematic EMR-based preventative lubrication protocol in the ICU setting.
Methods After implementation of the order set, a retrospective chart review was performed to capture all ventilated ICU patients pre- and postintervention. Three separate study periods were used: (1) Six months prior to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and prior to the ocular lubrication intervention; (2) the subsequent 6-month period including COVID-19 patients but prior to any intervention; and (3) the subsequent 6-month period postintervention, including COVID-19 patients. The primary endpoint of ointment use per day was analyzed with a Poisson regression model. Secondary endpoints including rates of ophthalmologic consultation and exposure keratopathy were compared with Fisher's exact test. A poststudy survey of ICU nurses was included.
Results A total of 974 ventilated patients were included in the analysis. Ointment use per day increased by 155% (95% confidence interval [CI] 132–183%, p < 0.001) following the intervention. Rates also increased 80% (95% CI 63–99%, p < 0.001) during the COVID-19 study period but prior to intervention. The percentage of ventilated patients requiring a dilated eye exam for any indication was 3.2, 4, and 3.7% in each of the study periods, respectively. There was an overall down trend in the rate of exposure keratopathy which was diagnosed in 33.3, 20, and 8.3% of those receiving ophthalmologic consultation, though these rates were not statistically significant.
Conclusion These preliminary data show a statistically significant increase in the rates of lubrication in mechanically ventilated patients using an EMR-based order set in the ICU setting. There was no statistically significant decrease in the rates of exposure keratopathy. Our preventative protocol with lubrication ointment was of minimal cost burden to the ICU. Further longitudinal and multicenter studies are needed to better assess the efficacy of such a protocol.
Development of a Manualized Intervention to Support Episodic Memory in Autistic Children: Elaborative Reminiscing Is Key
Authors: Brien Ashley , Hutchins Tiffany 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEpisodic memory (EM) is memory for past personal experiences. EM and social development are inextricably linked, and both are impacted in autistic persons. Parents of autistic children can be taught to engage in a unique conversational style (i.e., elaborative reminiscing) to support a child's memory and social development. This article discusses the importance of EM in autism and describes a new manualized caregiver training to support EM in autistic children. An uncontrolled pre-post study design was employed to test proof of concept. Results affirmed the potential of this intervention for increasing caregivers' elaborateness and improving children's EM in a family-centered, naturalistic way. Results suggest that further treatment development and examination of effectiveness are needed. We argue that these kinds of intervention are important: not only is EM theoretically potent for social cognitive development, it is essential for a sense of self-determination, social connection, and psychological well-being.
Performance- and Theater-Based Interventions for Supporting Social Cognition and Social Communication in Autistic Youth: A Review and Theoretical Synthesis
Authors: McDonald Rachel G. , Khawar Sadaf , Yacoub Nardin , Cargill Mary Isaac , Lerner Matthew D. , Kang Erin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSocial skills interventions (SSIs) are commonly used to improve social functioning in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is a condition characterized by differences in social cognition and social communication. Although more traditional SSIs have used knowledge-based, didactic instruction, recent research has explored the utility of performance-based SSIs, which use various activities to support implicit learning of social skills in supportive, enriched environments. This article reviews the extant literature evaluating the effectiveness or efficacy of five performance-based SSIs using theater-based approaches on social cognition and social communication. Overall, this body of literature suggests social communication gains that include increased peer interactions, peer liking, and reciprocal friendships, as well as social cognitive gains in theory of mind and affect recognition. This review also discusses theoretical models that may help explain the emerging strengths of performance- and theater-based SSIs with underlying hypotheses related to the social communication and social cognitive differences in ASD. Limitations of performance-based SSIs in the evidence-base include several approaches in initial stages of research with small sample sizes and limited maintenance of effects. Future research should aim to bridge the research-to-practice gap and use more rigorous designs and more diverse samples, including those with cooccurring intellectual disability.
Early Oral Rehydration Therapy in Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Kola Shourya Vijay Tej , Gupta Shalu , Kumar Virendra 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives We aimed to compare the efficacy of oral versus intravenous (IV) fluid therapy in correcting dehydration in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) when pH was ≥ 7.25 and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score was ≥12. We also compared the time to resolution of DKA.
Subjects Children aged ≤18 years with DKA were included in the study. In our pilot study, 40 children were enrolled from June 2018 to April 2019 and divided into two groups after achieving pH ≥ 7.25 and GCS score ≥ 12.
Materials and Methods This was an open-label, parallel-arm, randomized control trial conducted in the pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary referral hospital in North India. The IV group (control group) received treatment as per the standard protocol, whereas the oral group (trial group) received only oral fluids; IV fluid was withheld for 48 hours. Dehydration was clinically assessed on admission and after 48 hours, and the proportion of children achieving correction of dehydration was compared. Biochemical parameters were measured over time, and the time taken for resolution was compared between groups.
Results Both groups achieved successful correction of dehydration. No significant difference was observed in the time taken from randomization to complete resolution of DKA. Hyperchloremia improved significantly earlier in the oral group after randomization.
Conclusion Early institution of oral rehydration strategy after achieving pH ≥ 7.25 and GCS score ≥ 12 was effective in correcting dehydration at a rate comparable to standard IV rehydration. Hyperchloremia was observed to resolve earlier in patients that received oral rehydration therapy.
Radiographic Evidence of Early Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis following Tibial Plateau Fracture Is Associated with Poorer Function
Authors: Maseda Meghan , Perskin Cody R. , Konda Sanjit R. , Leucht Philipp , Ganta Abishek , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo determine if radiographic evidence of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) following tibial plateau fracture correlates with poorer clinical and functional outcomes, patients with tibial plateau fractures were followed at 3, 6, and 12 months. All patients had baseline radiographs and computed tomography scan. Radiographs obtained at each follow-up were reviewed for healing, articular incongruence, hardware positional changes, and the development of postinjury arthritic change. Cohorts were determined based on the presence (PTOA) or absence (NPTOA) of radiographic evidence of PTOA. Demographics, fracture classification, complications, additional procedures, and functional status were compared between cohorts. Sixty patients had radiographic evidence of PTOA on follow-up radiographs at a mean final follow-up of 24.2 months. The NPTOA cohort was composed of 210 patients who were matched to the PTOA cohort based on age and Charlson comorbidity index. Mean time to fracture union for the overall cohort was 4.86 months. Cohorts did not differ in Schatzker classification, time to healing, injury mechanism, or baseline Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA). Patients with PTOA had a greater degree of initial depression and postoperative step-off, higher incidence of initial external fixator usage, higher rates of reoperation for any reason, and higher rates of wound complications. Associated soft tissue injury and meniscal repair did not coincide with the development of PTOA. Range of motion and SMFA scores were significantly worse at all time points in patients with PTOA. Although fracture patterns are similar, patients who required an initial external fixator, had a greater degree of initial depression or residual articular incongruity, underwent more procedures, and developed an infection were found to have increased incidence of PTOA. Radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis correlated with worse functional status in patients. The goal of surgery should be restoration of articular congruity and stability to mitigate the risk of PTOA, although this alone may not prevent degenerative changes. Patients with early loss of range of motion should be aggressively treated as this may precede the development of PTOA.
Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes after Meniscal Root Repair: A Case Series
Authors: Young Bradley L. , Ruder John A. , Scarola Gregory T. , Hong Ian S. , Meade Joshua D. , Piasecki Dana P. , Saltzman Bryan M. , Fleischli James E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to describe the demographics, clinical outcomes, and radiologic outcomes of patients who underwent meniscal root repair at a single, large academic institution. Patients who underwent meniscal root repair between January 2011 and April 2015 were identified. Patient demographics, injury characteristics, and intraoperative findings of medial femoral condyle chondromalacia and other concomitant pathology were retrospectively recorded. Enrolled patients returned to clinic for prospectively collected International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective and objective forms, knee radiographs, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A total of 25 root injuries (23 patients) were included in the final analysis. Majority of root injuries were medial menisci (68%) and repaired using transosseous pull-out technique (80%). Most patients (65%) were male, relatively young (median age = 37 years), overweight (median body mass index [BMI] = 26 kg/m2), and reported a traumatic event associated with their injury (60%). Also, 36% (9/25) of root repairs were performed concomitantly with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction; 100% (8/8) lateral meniscal root injuries were associated with a concomitant ACL injury compared with 6% (1/17) of medial root injuries. Overall, 53% (9/17) of medial meniscal root repairs were performed in the setting of high-grade (Outerbridge's grade III/IV) chondral pathology of the ipsilateral femoral condyle. Median follow-up was 16 months. The Kellgren–Lawrence radiographic scale progressed in two knees that underwent meniscal root repair based on comparison of preoperative to follow-up radiographs. MRI showed 88% (22/25) of meniscal roots had completely healed, 6% (1/17) of the medial root repairs showed evidence of extrusion, and 44% (11/25) of repairs were associated with progressive chondromalacia. All patients had normal or near normal IKDC objective scores at time of follow-up. Surgeons should have a high suspicion for concomitant ACL injuries in the setting of lateral meniscal root tears, and be wary of concomitant high-grade chondral damage in the setting of medial meniscal root tears. Most meniscal root repairs appeared completely healed with low rates of medial meniscal extrusion on MRI at short-term follow-up, despite a high rate of chondromalacia progression. Present study is a large case series with prospective follow-up and reflects level of evidence IV.
Exploring methods for mapping seasonal population changes using mobile phone data
Authors: Woods D. , Cunningham A. , Utazi C. E. , Bondarenko M. , Shengjie L. , Rogers G. E. , Koper P. , Ruktanonchai C. W. , zu Erbach-Schoenberg E. , Tatem A. J. , Steele J. , Sorichetta A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractData accurately representing the population distribution at the subnational level within countries is critical to policy and decision makers for many applications. Call data records (CDRs) have shown great promise for this, providing much higher temporal and spatial resolutions compared to traditional data sources. For CDRs to be integrated with other data and in order to effectively inform and support policy and decision making, mobile phone user must be distributed from the cell tower level into administrative units. This can be done in different ways and it is often not considered which method produces the best representation of the underlying population distribution. Using anonymised CDRs in Namibia between 2011 and 2013, four distribution methods were assessed at multiple administrative unit levels. Estimates of user density per administrative unit were ranked for each method and compared against the corresponding census-derived population densities, using Kendall’s tau-b rank tests. Seasonal and trend decomposition using Loess (STL) and multivariate clustering was subsequently used to identify patterns of seasonal user variation and investigate how different distribution methods can impact these. Results show that the accuracy of the results of each distribution method is influenced by the considered administrative unit level. While marginal differences between methods are displayed at “coarser” level 1, the use of mobile phone tower ranges provided the most accurate results for Namibia at finer levels 2 and 3. The use of STL is helpful to recognise the impact of the underlying distribution methods on further analysis, with the degree of consensus between methods decreasing as spatial scale increases. Multivariate clustering delivers valuable insights into which units share a similar seasonal user behaviour. The higher the number of prescribed clusters, the more the results obtained using different distribution methods differ. However, two major seasonal patterns were identified across all distribution methods, levels and most cluster numbers: (a) units with a 15% user decrease in August and (b) units with a 20–30% user increase in December. Both patterns are likely to be partially linked to school holidays and people going on vacation and/or visiting relatives and friends. This study highlights the need and importance of investigating CDRs in detail before conducting subsequent analysis like seasonal and trend decomposition. In particular, CDRs need to be investigated both in terms of their area and population coverage, as well as in relation to the appropriate distribution method to use based on the spatial scale of the specific application. The use of inappropriate methods can change observed seasonal patterns and impact the derived conclusions.
1.5-generation Korean-New Zealanders’ perceptions of bilingualism, heritage language competence, and identity
Authors: Park Mi Yung 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study explores four 1.5-generation Korean-New Zealanders’ perceptions of bilingualism, heritage language (HL) competence, and identity. Drawing on interview data, the study shows that the participants were strongly connected to their ethnic group and strove to accept and strengthen their hyphenated Korean-New Zealander identities through foregrounding their bilingual and bicultural competence. In addition to their Korean use at home, socializing with other Korean speakers at church and in peer groups aided their learning of a wide range of registers in context, while providing culturally sensitive places for the participants to explore their identities. Nevertheless, the study also found that the participants encountered racial and linguistic hierarchical structures from which they were marginalized, which delayed their construction of positive bilingual identities. The findings enable a deeper understanding of how family-internal and family-external factors shape immigrant children’s identities, and suggest that substantial institutional and societal support are needed to foster immigrant children’s bilingualism and biculturalism.
Weak gravitational field effects on Bell tests with massive particles
Authors: Rivera-Tapia M , Delgado A , Rubilar G 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We study the generation of entangled states of two massive particles endowed with internal degrees of freedom using Franson and Hugged interferometric arrays in the presence of a weak gravitational field. Each internal degree of freedom plays the role of a clock. We consider an expansion of the gravitational field up to second order in powers of Δh/R, where Δh is the height of the arrays and R is the radius of the Earth. We study the violation of the Clauser–Horne–Shymony–Holt (CHSH) inequality, showing that the maximum value of the CHSH function, for a suitable choice of local phases, is

Σ

max

=
2

2

cos

2

(

Δ
τ
Δ
E
/
2
ℏ

)

, where Δτ is the gravitational time delay induced by the gravitational field in the trajectories of the particles and ΔE is the difference in energy between the levels of a two-level clock. If the local phases cannot be controlled, then the CHSH function is modulated by a harmonic function of the gravitationally induced phase shift. The same results holds for the Hugged array but for the second order approximation. If we consider only a first-order approximation, the gravity-induced phase shift vanishes, then the local phases do not depend on the gravitational field, and consequently the maximum value of the CHSH function Σmax is reached. These results contrast with the case of photons, in the absence of frequency dispersion, in a weak gravitational field, where the CHSH function reaches its maximum value of

2

2

. We compute the logarithmic negativity and show that it does not normally vanish, indicating that the generated states are entangled even if they do not violate the CHSH inequality. We show that an increase in the number of clocks per particle and in the number of levels of each clock leads to an exponential decrease in the maximum value of the CHSH functional and in the logarithmic negativity. We also consider the presence of momentum dispersion in the particle state. Interestingly, in the absence of internal degrees of freedom and to a first-order approximation, the Hugged array can lead to the maximum value of the CHSH function even in the presence of momentum dispersion, while the Franson array is affected by an exponential decay of the maximum value of the CHSH function.
Enhanced efficiency and stability of Dion–Jacobson quasi-two-dimensional perovskite solar cells by additive
Authors: Ma Wenbo , Zhang Zhenlong , Kang Miao , Liu Yuefeng , Zhang Huafang , Gao Huiping , Mao Yanli 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Dion–Jacobson (DJ) quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted increasing attention owing to their potential stability compared with the Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) phase. It is known that the low efficiency and poor thermal stability retard the application of quasi-2D PSCs. Here, DJ quasi-2D perovskite films based on propane-1.3-diammonium (PDA) spacer cations were prepared by a hot casting technique. Ionic liquid additive of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF4) was introduced into the quasi-2D perovskite precursor solution to improve the crystal quality and morphology of the films. The quasi-2D PSCs with BMIMBF4 achieved an optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.07%, which is higher than the 12.45% of the control devices. The impressive 1.17 V high open-circuit voltage and 14.07% efficiency are the highest values for the reported PDA-based n–i–p type devices. Moreover, the thermal stability of the solar cells was significantly enhanced by the addition of BMIMBF4. The PCE of the devices with BMIMBF4 maintains 72% of the initial value after annealing at 85 °C for 120 h, while the PCE of control devices drops to 19% of the initial value. These results prove that the introduction of ionic liquid BMIMBF4 is a pragmatic method to elevate the efficiency and thermal stability of quasi-2D PSCs.
Similarity-based probabilistic remaining useful life estimation for an aeroengine under variable operational conditions
Authors: Wang Cunsong , Miao Xiaodong , Zhang Quanling , Bo Cuimei , Zhang Dengfeng , He Wenmin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
System-level remaining useful life (RUL) estimation is difficult due to multiple degrading components, external disturbances, and variable operational conditions. A similarity-based approach does not rely on health assessment and is more suitable for system-level RUL estimation. However, for practical applications, how to capture effective degradation features from raw data, how to fuse multiple nonlinear sensor data, and how to handle multiple source uncertainties need to be considered. To solve the above challenges, this study focuses on RUL estimation for systems under variable operational conditions. A similarity-based probabilistic RUL estimation strategy is proposed and verified using the NASA aeroengine dataset. First, measurement uncertainty can be addressed. Proper degradation features are extracted by three defined indicators. Subsequently, multiple nonlinear sensor data fusion and unsupervised synthesized health index construction can be realized using the proposed deep autoencoder-based polynomial regression approach. Finally, this strategy can handle the modeling and prediction uncertainties, including providing probabilistic RUL estimation results by well-trained residual-based similarity models. The verification results indicate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed strategy.
Fabrication of high sensitivity and stable strain sensors based on composite folded structures via embedded 3D printing
Authors: Xie Xiaozhu , Wu Wenjie , Xiao Jincheng , Ren Qinglei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Flexible strain sensors provide a practical and straightforward detection technique for the human motion to convert strain changes into resistance changes. We present extremely sensitive and stable strain sensors prepared by embedded 3D printing technology in this paper. By incorporating polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material and printing a folded structure, the sensing performance of the sensors is explored. The combination of PDMS with high Poisson’s ratio and silicone rubber with low modulus of elasticity endow strain sensors with an ideal combination of great sensitivity and strong stretchability (gauge factor of 6 in the strain of 50%, good durability (stretch/release test of 1000 cycles). The strain sensor attached to the hand demonstrates good sensing performance.