bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promotion of Olive Fruit Abscission with 2-Chloroethyl-tris-(2-methoxyethoxy)-silane1
Authors: Hartmann Hudson T. , Reed Walfred , Opitz Karl 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Foliar applications of 2-chloroethyl-tris-(2-methoxy ethoxy)-silane (CGA 13586) caused abscission of olive fruits and, to much lesser extent, leaves due to its release of ethylene upon contact with water. Maximum reduction in fruit removal force occurred 7 to 8 days after application and seemed to be a direct effect on the abscission layer. The ethylene-releasing reaction rate was affected by the solution pH, increasing with higher pH values. Lower pH (ca. 6) gave greater abscission than did higher pH levels since the compound presumably hydrolyzed too rapidly in the latter for the ethylene released to cause abscission. CGA 13586 produced considerably higher initial ethylene release in comparisons with (2 chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) but it was not as long lasting.
Influence of Daminozide on the Levels of Root-promoting Substances in Pelargonium hortorum Bailey1
Authors: Heng Duane A. , Read Paul E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Levels of root-promoting substances from Pelargonium hortorum Bailey were detected by the mung bean rooting bioassay. Fractionated ethanolic extracts from Pelargonium showed 1 major and 2 minor zones which promoted rooting of mung beans. The active fractions promoted rooting in the absence of indoleacetic acid (IAA), in contrast to results previously published. Levels of promoters fluctuated during the propagation period, decreasing to a low point just prior to root initiation. Active zones from extracts of Pelargonium treated with 2500 ppm succinic acid-2, 2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide, SADH) did not differ from those of controls indicating that daminozide does not promote rooting by modification of the level of ethanolic extractable root promoters.
A Survey of Nematode Distribution in California Vineyard Soils1
Authors: Ferris H. , McKenry M. V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The spatial distribution of nematodes in the soil of nine California vineyards was surveyed in summer and winter months. Soil samples were taken in the vine row and between rows at 15 cm depth intervals. There were no measurable seasonal changes in nematode distribution. Variation in the distribution of genera amongst vineyards was related to soil physical conditions and vineyard cultural practices. In general, highest concentrations of Meloidogyne spp. and Xiphinema spp. were in the upper 60 cm of soil in the vine row, whereas Tylenchulus semipenetrans was more deeply and uniformly distributed throughout the root zone.
Genotypic Influence on Elemental Composition of Strawberry Tissues1
Authors: John M. K. , Daubeny H. A. , McElroy F. D. , Garland M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Concentrations of macro- and micro-elements in the leaves of 7 strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars or selections (genotypes) were determined before flowering, at fruiting, and in the fall. Genotypic differences in nutrient concentration depended on sampling time, but genotype affected the levels of all 13 elements studied in leaves and the levels of Mg, S, Ca, Zn, Fe, Al, and Cu in petioles. There were effects of plant age on leaf concentrations of some elements observed in 1- and 2-year-old representatives of three genotypes.
Defoliation of Pepper Transplants in Transit by Endogenously-evolved Ethylene1
Authors: Kays S. J. , Jaworski C. A. , Price H. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Pepper transplants (Capsicum annuum L.) held under simulated transit conditions synthesized substantial amounts of ethylene, the rate of which was temperature dependent. Transplants treated with known concentrations of ethylene (0, 0.1 to 10.0 μ1/liter) were substantially defoliated at levels lower than those that may be produced in transit by the plants themselves. Exposure to ethylene concentrations of 0.5 jul/liter and greater impeded the growth of transplants after planting into the field. Removal of ethylene in storage with potassium permanganate greatly reduced abscission. Elevated storage CO2 levels stimulated ethylene synthesis by as much as 34%.
Inheritance of Carboxylation Efficiency in the Tomato1
Authors: Augustine J. J. , Stevens M. Allen , Breidenbach R. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The mode of inheritance of carboxylation efficiency (CE) of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was studied using parents, F1, BCP1, BCP2, and F2 progeny from the crosses Ottawa 67 (067) × VF 145-7879 (7879) and 067 × LA959. The inheritance of chlorophyll content was studied with the cross 067 × LA959. The difference in CE between 067 and 7879 is controlled by a single gene with high CE apparently conditioned by the high pigment (hp) gene from 067. The differences in CE and chlorophyll content between 067 and LA959 are under digenic control. The differences appear to be controlled by hp from 067 and lurida (lur) from LA959. A causal relationship between chlorophyll content and CE may not exist, but the evidence presented indicates the two characteristics are closely related.
Response of Tomato to pH of a Coastal Plain Soil1
Authors: Worley Ray E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Best marketable yields of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were obtained when the soil pH (Tifton loamy sand) was between 6.5−6.9. Yields were reduced when soil pH was below 6.0. Liming to the desired pH increased the percentage of decaying fruit but decreased the percentage of other cull fruit. Liming increased leaf N, P, Ca, and Mg and decreased leaf Mn, Fe, and B concentrations.
Intraspecific Differences in Growth of Beans at Stress Levels of Phosphorus1
Authors: Whiteaker Gary , Gerloff G. C. , Gabelman W. H. , Lindgren Dale 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lines were screened for efficiency of P utilization in nutrient culture at 2 mg P per plant (seed P + added P). The P in the nutrient cultures was removed rapidly and nearly all the P stored in cotyledons was exported before abscission. From 54 lines screened, 6 were selected to represent extremes in response to P stress and were classified as efficient, moderately inefficient, and inefficient based on dry weight production and P efficiency ratio (PER) defined as the mg dry weight yield per mg of P in the tissue. PER values for top dry weight production at 2 mg of P varied from 380 to 671 mg. In some lines, growth increased as solution P increased to relatively high levels; in other lines there was no growth response. Under P stress, net photosynthesis per unit of P was higher in an efficient than in an inefficient line. Thus, 1 factor in P efficiency was concluded to be associated with photosynthetic metabolism. Inheritance of P efficiency based on top dry weight varied among different matings. Reciprocal hybrids indicated little or no maternal inheritance of efficiency.
Reduction of Peel Roughness of ‘Shamouti’ Orange with Growth Regulators1
Authors: Erner Y. , Goren R. , Monselise S. P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Excessive rough and thick peel, linked with large fruit sizes is found in ‘Shamouti’ oranges (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) grown under marginal soil and climatic conditions. This condition was overcome by early (April-May) sprays of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) and 2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride (CCC, chlormequat), probably counteracting high endogenous promotors found in rough tissues. While SADH is too expensive to be profitable and it usually decreases fruit size, CCC can be used without this effect and is commercially rewarding.
Hormonal Bioassay of French Prune (Prunus domestica L.) Seed and Pericarp1
Authors: Martin George C. , Campbell Robert C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In two consecutive growing seasons, extracts of prune flower and fruit tissue were bioassayed for hormonal activity. High levels of GA-like and neutral auxin-like compounds were evident in seed extracts in midseason during the period of rapid embryonic growth. An ABA-like inhibitor increased in the pericarp as maturity approached, while GA-like activity fell to negligible levels.
Cycles in U.S. Pecan Production 1919—1974 Identified by Power Spectral Analysis1
Authors: Gemoets E. E. , Gemoets L. A. , Cannon T. E. , McIntyre R. G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
U. S. production of pecan (Carya illinoensis (Wang) K. Koch) has been characterized by highly irregular variations in crop size from season to season. Spectral analysis is applied to the U. S. pecan production system to identify cycles. In analysis of U. S. pecan production data for 1919 through 1974, a first order autoregressive process with a negative constant of −0.39 to −0.62, a biennial alternating process, was found. Also identified were cycles of 2½, 4, and 11 – 16 years statistically significant at the 95% and higher levels for all pecans, native pecans and improved pecans.
Influence of Peach Seedling Rootstocks on Growth, Yield and Survival of Peach Scion Cultivars1
Authors: C. Layne R. E. , Weaver G. M. , Jackson H. O. , Stroud F. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
An 8-year study was made to assess the performance of Harrow Blood and Siberian C rootstock seedlings in comparison with the commercial seedling rootstocks Rutgers Red Leaf, Veteran, Halford and Bailey. Rootstocks significantly influenced tree size of ‘Loring’, ‘Redhaven’ and ‘Babygold 5’ peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch). Siberian C had the largest influence on size control, reducing tree volume by about 20%. Tree height and spread, trunk circumference and trunk cross-sectional areas were also influenced by rootstocks, but annual growth of terminal shoots was not. Rootstocks influenced crotch angle development of ‘Loring’, but had no effect on crotch angle development of ‘Redhaven’ or ‘Babygold 5’. Cropping efficiency of ‘Babygold 5’ was influenced by rootstocks but cropping efficiency of ‘Redhaven’ and ‘Loring’ were not. Yields were significantly influenced by rootstocks. The highest cumulative yields of ‘Loring’ were on Veteran seedlings, the highest of ‘Redhaven’ were on Rutgers Red Leaf and the highest of ‘Babygold 5’ were on Halford. Yields were also a function of tree size with the highest yields being obtained on the largest trees. Trunk circumference and crosssectional area were the only growth measurements that were significantly correlated with the yield of each cultivar. Tree survival was best on Harrow Blood and Siberian C and poorest on Rutgers Red Leaf and Veteran. Tree mortality was associated with winter injury and canker (Leucostoma spp.) infection but not with incompatibility.
Influence of Night Temperature and Daylength on Fruit Shape of Grapefruit1
Authors: Wutscher Heinz K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The shape of ‘Redblush’ grapefruit, Citrus paradisi Macf., grown in controlled environments was affected by the difference between day and night temperature. Fruit grown under a 32°/30°C day/night temperature regime had creased stem ends; a 32°/24° regime resulted in normal fruit, and 32°/7° induced severe sheepnosing. Reducing daylength from 14 to 11 hours had no influence on fruit shape.
Effect of Sucrose on Response of Cut Carnation to Kinetin, Ethylene, and Abscisic Acid1
Authors: Mayak S. , Dilley D. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The longevity of cut carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) was enhanced by solutions containing kinetin and sucrose compared to kinetin alone. Flowers developing during periods of low light intensity senesced rapidly and responded to kinetin only when supplemented with sucrose. Flowers supplemented with sucrose senesced less rapidly when treated with ethylene or abscisic acid than those not treated with sucrose.
Carrot Injury and Yield Response to Ozone1
Authors: Bennett James P. , Oshima Ronald J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Container-grown plants of carrot (Daucus carota L.) exposed intermittently to 0.19 or 0.25 ppm ozone throughout their growth increased in plant height and total number of leaves in spite of the development of chlorotic leaves. Leaf dry weight was unaffected by ozone, but root dry matter decreased 32 to 46%. As a result, the root weight/total dry weight ratio and root/shoot ratio declined significantly in the presence of ozone. A regression of root dry weight on chlorotic leaf dry weight explained 35% of the root loss and predicted that 1.5 g of root tissue is lost for every g of chlorotic leaf dry weight caused by ozone injury.
Effect of Ethephon and SADH on Quality of Clipped and Nonclipped Tomato Transplants1
Authors: Campbell G. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
(2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) and succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH, daminozide) improved quality and uniformity of clipped and nonclipped transplants of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). The materials were effective when applied singly or in combination and with or without a fungicide (maneb). Ethephon applied at 150 to 300 ppm reduced the percentage of transplants bearing flowers and fruits, reduced stem elongation and stimulated root development. SADH at 5,000 ppm reduced stem elongation and yellowing of foliage. Foliage, root, and stem quality were enhanced by using the materials in combination. Neither yields nor fruit quality were adversely influenced by the treatments.
A Survey of Pollen Characteristics in Certain Vaccinium Species1
Authors: Cockerham L. E. , Galletta G. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Pollen stainability, frequency of unreduced pollen grains, and pollen diameter were examined in 13 species and 4 interspecific hybrids of Vaccinium comprising 3 ploidy levels. Pollen in the tetraploid species was potentially more fertile (as judged by stainability) than in the diploid species. Pollen stainability in the hexaploids was not different from the diploids or tetraploids. Four pollen viability classes (good, fair, poor, and very poor) were established among species. Practically all of the species studied produced unreduced pollen grains. Mean pollen diameter was 11% larger in the tetraploids than in the diploids and 11% larger in the hexaploids than in the tetraploids. The normal pollen diameter ranges for the 3 ploidy levels of Vaccinium were calculated and presented as a possible taxonomic tool.
Genetic, rather than seasonal or environmental differences, appeared to account for the major portion of the interclonal and interspecific variation observed in pollen stainability and in the frequency of unreduced pollen grains.
Frequent irregularities observed were empty pollen grains and granular, unstained pollen, which were assumed to represent early postmeiotic abortions. Meiosis was studied in a representative species of each ploidy level. Pairing and segregation were essentially normal, but a few multivalents or pseudo-multivalents (bivalents secondarily associated) were observed in the hexaploid species.
Ethylene Inhibition of Senescent Spots on Ripe Bananas1
Authors: Liu F. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ten to 100 ppm ethylene in air inhibited the development of superficial senescent spots on ripe bananas (Musa cavendishii Lambert cv. Valery). The ethylene did not affect the respiration rate but accelerated softening of the partially ripe or ripe bananas at 21°C. Six days of continuous exposure to 10 ppm ethylene did not affect the eating quality of bananas but 9 days of exposure slightly lowered the quality. Ethylene did not inhibit anthracnose (Gloeosporium masarum Cke. & Mass.) growth on banana fruit or on petri dish culture. Dipping ripe bananas in 100 to 1000 ppm (2 chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) did not inhibit the senescent spot development. Brief dipping in silver nitrate solution (50 mg/liter) counteracted the ethylene effect.
Mass Selection in Sweet Potato: Breeding for Resistance to Insects and Diseases and for Horticultural Characteristics1
Authors: Jones Alfred , Dukes P. D. , Cuthbert F. P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Advances attained by the sixth generation of mass selection in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) were assessed. The objective was to combine multiple resistances to pathogens, nematodes and insects with other desirable production and market qualities. Although progress from 6 single-year cycles of selection was encouraging, a change to 2-year cycles was indicated. Generation 6 contained high frequencies of flowering and seed set, attractive root shape, orange flesh, thin cortex, root specific gravities of about 1.02, acceptable yield, and resistance to fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. batatas (Wr.) Snyd. and Hans.), the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood) and the following soil insects: the southern potato wireworm (Conoderus falli Lane), the banded cucumber (Diabrotica balteata LeConte), the spotted cucumber beetle (D. undecimpuncta howardi Barber), the elongate flea beetle (Systena elongata (F.)), a white grub (Plectris aliena Chapin), and the sweet-potato flea beetle (Chaetocnema confinis Crotch).
Effect of Daminozide and NAA on Ca Uptake and Accumulation in ‘McIntosh’ Apple Seedlings1
Authors: Himelrick David G. , Pollard James E. , Estes G. O. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Leaves from succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide)-treated seedlings of ‘McIntosh’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh) accumulated significantly more 45Ca than those from 1-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA)-treated seedlings. Stem sections from daminozide-treated seedlings accumulated significantly more 45Ca than stems from control seedlings. Total 45Ca content in daminozide-treated seedlings was significantly greater than in either controls or NAA-treated seedlings. The expected reduction in total shoot length by treatment with daminozide, NAA + daminozide and NAA was noted. The increases in 45Ca content in all treatments appear to be due in part to the concentration effect of reduced shoot growth and in part to an effect of daminozide on rate of uptake.
Alleviation of Salinity and High Temperature Stress by Plant Growth Regulators Permeated into Lettuce Seeds via Acetone1
Authors: Braun Joseph W. , Khan Anwar A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Permeation via acetone of fusicoccin (FC), or of a combination of the three growth regulators, kinetin (K), 2-chloroethyl(phosphonic acid) (ethephon) (E), and gibberellic acid (G) into dry lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cvs. Grand Rapids and Mesa 659) seeds markedly relieved the inhibiting effects of stress on germination and seedling emergence. Permeation with FC or K+E+G increased dark germination by 80 to 90% at 30°C. At 35°, germination of ‘Grand Rapids’ seeds was enhanced much more by FC than by K+E+G. Both FC and K+E+G increased germination in solutions of NaCl (−4.95 bars) or polyethylene glycol-6000 (−3 bars). In saline medium at 30 and 35°, FC was more active than K+E+G. Hypocotyl and radicle elongation was greater for seeds treated with FC than for seeds treated with other materials in both aqueous and saline media. In soil moistened with water or 0.1 NaCl, emergence of unpermeated ‘Mesa 659’ seeds was 0 to 2% at 25°. Permeation with FC or K+E+G enhanced emergence 65–80% in water, 48–55% in NaCl. FC produced more vigorous seedlings in terms of fresh weight and size than any other treatment including K+E+G. Furthermore, FC generally shortened the emergence time more than K+E+G treatment, the difference being more marked in saline soil.
Cowpea Curculio Feeding Stimulants from Southernpea Pods1
Authors: Rymal Kenneth S. , Chambliss Oyette L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Compounds active as feeding stimulants for cowpea curculio (Chalcodermus aeneus Boheman) were quantitatively determined by laboratory bioassays in pods of 5 cultivars of southernpeas (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers). Feeding response was tested on intact sections of fresh pods and on filter paper wrapped plugs of agar and water-extracts of hulls with seeds removed. Water extracts were partitioned with ether and the tests of the activity of both fractions indicated that the active compounds were lipid in nature. Active compounds extracted from a susceptible cultivar were added to the extract of a resistant cultivar and feeding response was increased nearly 10 fold.
Quantitative and qualitative differences in fatty acid composition between resistant and susceptible cultivars were shown by gas chromatography. The amounts of eicosenoic acid were directly related to curculio feeding response to the cultivars.
Heritabilities of Sweet Potato Resistances to Root Knot Caused by Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica1
Authors: Jones Alfred , Dukes P. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Three greenhouse tests to determine the reactions of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) breeding lines and their respective open-pollinated offspring to 2 species of root-knot nematodes were conducted. Resistances occurred in high frequency to both the southern root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood) and the Javanese (tropical) root knot nematode (M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood). Reaction to M. incognita was studied in 2 consecutive years with different sets of parental lines using an egg mass index. Estimated heritability (h2) in 1976 was 0.75 ± 0.23 and in 1977 was 0.57 ± 0.37. Three indices of reaction to M. javanica and respective h2 estimates were: Egg mass index, 0.69 ± 0.18; galling index, 0.78 ± 0.19; and necrosis index, 0.72 ± 0.20. Resistances to the 2 species were not correlated, indicating independent inheritance. Development of cultivars with high levels of resistance to each or to both of the above diseases is possible.
Response of Progeny from Interspecific Cross of Cucumis melo × C. metuliferus to Meloidogyne incognita acrita
Authors: Granberry D. M. , Norton J. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Progeny from a hybridization of C. melo L. (PI 140471), a feral Cucumis melo, with the nematode-resistant African horned cucumber (C. metuliferus E. Mey.) (PI 292190) were screened for resistance to Meloidogyne incognita acrita Chitwood. Although C. metuliferus exhibited resistance, no resistance was observed in PI 140471 nor in the F2 generation after inoculation with a larval suspension having 600 larvae/ml. However, when grown in contact with chopped galled roots, certain progeny appeared to be resistant. Evaluation of egg mass production revealed that the resistant plants produced significantly fewer eggs than susceptible plants.
Genic Male Sterility in the Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)1
Authors: Mutschler Martha A. , Bliss F. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A male sterile bean plant was observed in the F2 population of WI 74-2047 × ‘Swedish Brown’. Male sterile phenotypes were characterized by all pollen grains being shriveled and non-functional, but with female fertility unaffected. Expression of sterility was genic, involving 2 unlinked loci, Ms1 and In-ms1, which interact to give a 13:2:1 F2 ratio of non-sterile:sterile:lethal individuals. ‘Swedish Brown’ contained fully fertile and semisterile plants, the latter presumed to be caused by the presence of a reciprocal translocation. One of the loci involved in male sterility is loosely linked to one of the break points of the translocation, and lines segregating for sterility but not semisterility were obtained.