bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain tumour detection in magnetic resonance imaging using Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation neural network
Authors: Ghahramani Marzieh , Shiri Nabiollah 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a high‐quality medical image that is used to detect brain tumours in a complex and time‐consuming manner. In this study, a back propagation neural network (BPNN) along with the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm (LMA) is proposed to classify MRIs and diagnose brain tumours in a simple and fast process. The BPNN has 10 neurons in the hidden layer, and the default function of the feedforward feeds is mean squared error (MSE). The LMA is optimized as a multivariable adaptive approach and considerably decreases the MSE of the BPNN, so the errors of the tumour classification are diminished. The proposed method follows four steps including preprocessing, skull removal, feature extraction, and classification. The input MRIs are converted to greyscale, resized, and thresholding is performed in the preprocessing step and followed by skull removal. Morphological operations of closing, opening, and dilation are used to segment abnormal areas in the MRIs, and the opening operator recognizes the tumour more accurately. Using statistical analysis and a grey‐level co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM) 12 features are extracted from the MRIs and used as the inputs of the BPNN. To evaluate the proposed method, 670 normal and 670 abnormal brain MRIs are used as input data, and the classification is performed in 0.494 s. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, dice, recall, and MSE are 98.7%, 97.61%, 99.7%, 97.61%, 98.6%, 97.61%, and 0.005, respectively. The approach is accurate and fast for medical images classification.
Recent progress in the security evaluation of multivariate public‐key cryptography
Authors: Ikematsu Yasuhiko , Nakamura Shuhei , Takagi Tsuyoshi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMultivariate public‐key cryptography (MPKC) is considered a leading candidate for post‐quantum cryptography (PQC). It is based on the hardness of the multivariate quadratic polynomial (MQ) problem, which is a problem of finding a solution to a system of quadratic equations over a finite field. In this paper, we survey some recent progress in the security analysis of MPKC. Among various existing multivariate schemes, the most important one is the Rainbow signature scheme proposed by Ding et al. in 2005, which was later selected as a finalist in the third round of the PQC standardization project by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Under the circumstances, some recent research studies in MPKC have focussed on the security analysis of the Rainbow scheme. In this paper, the authors first explain efficient algorithms for solving the MQ problem and the research methodology for estimating their complexity in MPKC. Then, the authors survey some recent results related to the security analysis of the Rainbow scheme. In particular, the authors provide a detailed description of the complexity analysis for solving the bi‐graded polynomial systems studied independently by Nakamura et al. and Smith‐Tone et al., and then expound the rectangular MinRank attack against Rainbow proposed by Beullens.
Optimal power allocation in serial relay‐assisted underwater wireless optical communication systems
Authors: Rabbani Hamed , Nezamalhosseini S. Alireza , Chen Lawrence R. , Beheshti‐Shirazi AliAsghar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFor a serial relaying underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system with ON‐OFF keying modulation, we theoretically evaluate the optimal power allocation techniques in order to minimise the end‐to‐end bit error rate (BER), subject to transmission power constraints. At first, we evaluate the end‐to‐end BER with respect to all degrading effects of the UWOC channel, namely scattering, absorption, and turbulence‐induced fading and then develop a closed‐form BER expression as a function of transceiver parameters and water type. The optimal power allocation methods are obtained using the perfect channel state information available at the receiver (CSIR) and transmitter (CSIT) for both detect‐and‐forward (DF) and amplify‐and‐forward (AF) serial relaying systems. For each relaying method, we consider a dual‐hop UWOC system and determine optimal power allocation to minimise the BER. Afterwards, the optimal power allocation in a multi‐hop system is obtained to minimise the end‐to‐end BER. Compared to the equal power allocation, our results illustrate that UWOC relaying systems with optimal power allocation can significantly improve the end‐to‐end BER and expand the communication link. For instance, the proposed power allocation method for the DF and AF relay node in a 60 m single relay system improves the system performance at the BER of 10−5 by 2.5 and 1.8 dB compared to the equal power allocation, respectively.
Optimal operation of virtual power plants with shared energy storage
Authors: Chen Wenxule , Xiang Yue , Liu Junyong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe emergence of the shared energy storage mode provides a solution for promoting renewable energy utilization. However, how establishing a multi‐agent optimal operation model in dealing with benefit distribution under the shared energy storage is still a challenge. Considering the multi‐agent integrated virtual power plant (VPP) taking part in the electricity market, an energy trading model based on the sharing mechanism is proposed to explore the effect of the shared energy storage on multiple virtual power plants (MVPPs). To analyse the relationship among MVPPs in the shared energy storage system (SESS), a game‐theoretic method is introduced to simulate the bidding behaviour of VPP. Furthermore, the benefit distribution problem of the virtual power plant operator (VPPO) is formulated based on the Nash bargaining theory. In the case study, the proposed method is conducted in four VPPs with different resource endowments in terms of techno‐economic and operation efficiency. Results verify that the multiple virtual power plants with a shared energy storage system interconnection system based on the sharing mechanism not only can achieve a win‐win situation between the VPPO and the SESS on an operation cost but also obtain the optimal allocation scheme and improves the operation efficiency of the VPPs.
Auto‐encode the synthesis pseudo features for generalized zero‐shot learning
Authors: Wang Lin , Shen Zhenjun , Wang Guoyong , Song Jianqiang , Wu Qingtao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractZero‐shot learning (ZSL) is to identify target categories without labeled data, in which semantic information is used to transfer knowledge from some seen categories. In the existing Generalized Zero‐Shot Learning (GZSL) methods, domains shift problem always appeared during generating feature stage. In order to solve this problem, a new method to Auto‐Encode the Synthesis Pseudo Features for the GZSL task (AESPF‐GZSL) is proposed in this manuscript. Specifically, the AESPF‐GZSL method trains the generated features under the semantic auto‐encoder framework and exploits attention mechanism to train the generated features again. Then, the generated features are input to the classifier. The proposed method is performed on three benchmark data sets referred as to AWA, CUB and SUN. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves the state‐of‐the art classifier accuracy both in ZSL and GZSL settings. In ZSL setting, the classification accuracy of our method is superior to the compared algorithms, improved by 0.40% in AWA and 0.30% in SUN, respectively. And in GZSL setting, the classification accuracy of the method is superior to the comparison algorithm 0.41% in Harmonic mean on AWA, and 1.01%, 0.62%, and 1.05% in training data set, testing data set, and harmonic average on SUN.
Tail risk management and the skewness premium
Authors: Kipp Martin , Koziol Christian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze how tail risk impacts both asset prices and the optimal asset allocation. For this purpose, we consider an equilibrium model with investors exhibiting an empirically well-justifiable decreasing relative risk aversion (DRRA) and different investment horizons. In contrast to the seminal CAPM, two fund separation does no longer hold, and investors not only regard one risk measure such as the standard deviation but additionally care for the size of tail risk. The shorter the investment period, the more prone they are to negatively skewed returns. In particular, short-term investors not only hold a lower equity ratio than (else equal) long-term investors do, but they also reduce the fraction of assets with negative tail risk. Consistently, the more short-term investors are in a market, the higher the tail risk premium is, i.e., the additional expected return due to skewness beyond a given standard deviation. Consequently, these theoretical findings allow us to draw empirical predictions about (i) the drivers of the skewness premium, (ii) characteristics for markets in which the premium is especially severe, and (iii) the optimal investors’ asset allocation.
Beauty and chemistry: the independent origins of synthetic lead white in east and west Eurasia
Authors: Han Bin , Zhang Bei , Chong Jianrong , Sun Zhanwei , Yang Yimin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLead white is one of the most important pigments in human history, and its synthesis has promoted the development of art and cosmetics. The corrosion approach to synthesize lead white appeared in Greece during the fourth century BCE, and since then lead white has been produced on a large-scale and widely used in painting and cosmetics across Europe. However, when and how synthetic lead white appeared in east Eurasia and whether it was also involved with beauty remained unclear. Here, we investigate some white cosmetic residues from the Liangdaicun site during the eighth century BCE in northern China through FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDS, radioactive and stable carbon isotope analyses. The results show that these residues were the earliest synthesized lead white in the world to date, which was produced by the precipitation method in solution distinct from the corrosion method practiced in ancient Greece. Thus, the synthesis of lead white should have evolved independently in east and west Eurasia during the first millennium BCE. The mass production of synthetic lead white with lower cost promoted the widespread use of white makeup in China and the Mediterranean World, which triggered a cosmetic revolution and highlighted that the pursuit of beauty stimulated the development of chemistry in human history, especially the earliest wet chemistry practice in China.
Single-patient expanded access: A primer for pharmacists
Authors: Smith Andrew J F , Redic Kimberly A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Purpose
The process of providing treatment with investigational drugs through expanded access is explained. Roles and informational resources for pharmacists are discussed.

Summary
Expanded access is a regulatory pathway for the treatment of serious or life-threatening diseases or conditions with investigational agents outside of clinical trials. In the setting of no available therapies or ineligibility for clinical trials, a patient and their treating physician may pursue therapies that are not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The drug manufacturer, FDA, and institutional review boards are required stakeholders in the expanded access process. Other pathways for obtaining investigational agents outside of clinical trials, including federal Right to Try and emergency use authorization, exist but differ in their level of involvement of these key stakeholders. Pharmacists are equipped to be involved in therapy identification, risk vs benefit evaluations, therapy preparation and administration, supportive care, transitions of care, and regulatory compliance. Specific websites, publications, and organizations can aid in navigating expanded access.

Conclusion
Combining elements of traditional clinical care and research, expanded access involves direct treatment with non–FDA-approved agents outside of a clinical trial. Healthcare providers should be aware of the possibility of providing investigational treatments after all approved options have been exhausted.
Anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies for the prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes: A literature review
Authors: LeFevre James D , Cyriac Sneha L , Tokmic Adna , Pitlick Jamie M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of beta cells, resulting in a loss of insulin production. Patients with T1D carry a substantial disease burden as well as substantial short-term and long-term risks associated with inadequate glycemic control. Currently, treatment mainly consists of insulin, which only treats the symptoms of T1D and not the root cause. Thus, disease-modifying agents such as anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target the autoimmune destruction of beta cells in T1D would provide significant relief and health benefits for patients with T1D. This review summarizes the clinical evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of anti-CD3 mAbs in the prevention and treatment of T1D.

Summary
A total of 27 studies reporting or evaluating data from clinical trials involving otelixizumab and teplizumab were included in the review. Anti-CD3 mAbs have shown significant benefits in both patients at high risk for T1D and those with recent-onset T1D. In high-risk populations, anti-CD3 mAbs delayed time to diagnosis, preserved C-peptide levels, and improved metabolic parameters. In recent-onset T1D, anti-CD3 mAbs preserved C-peptide levels and reduced insulin needs for extended periods. Anti-CD3 mAb therapy appears to be safe, with primarily transient and self-limiting adverse effects and no negative long-term effects.

Conclusion
Anti-CD3 mAbs are promising disease-modifying treatments for T1D. Their role in T1D may introduce short-term and long-term benefits with the potential to mitigate the significant disease burden; however, more evidence is required for an accurate assessment.
Suicidality and Alcohol Use as Predictors of Future Suicidal Behavior in College Students
Authors: Coryell William , Horwitz Adam , Albucher Ronald , Zheng Kai , Pistorello Jacqueline , Eisenberg Daniel , Favorite Todd , King Cheryl 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Aims
There has been a marked increase in suicide fatalities among college-age students in recent years. Moreover, heavy alcohol use, a well-known risk factor for suicide, is present on most campuses. Yet, no prospective studies have examined alcohol use patterns among college students as predictors of suicidal behaviors.

Methods
Online of 40,335 students at four universities took place at the beginning of four academic years, 2015–2018. Of these, 2296 met criteria for an increased risk of suicidal behavior and completed 1- and/or 6-month follow-up evaluation(s). Baseline assessments included the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test to quantify alcohol consumption and resulting problems, and measures of depression, suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior.

Results
Suicide attempts during follow-up were reported by 35 (1.5%) of high-risk students. Regression analyses indicated that baseline severity of alcohol use consequences, but not amount of alcohol consumption, was associated with greater odds of a follow-up suicide attempt after controlling for baseline suicidal ideation, functional impairment and history of suicide attempts.

Conclusions
Among college students at elevated risk for suicide, the severity of alcohol-related consequences was a significant predictor of future suicide attempts. Alcohol consumption was not a significant predictor, suggesting that the amount students drink is less of a concern for suicidal behavior than are the problems (e.g. failing to meet expectations, experiencing blackouts) associated with drinking.
Parametric investigation of thermal behaviour of salt-gradient solar pool for climatic conditions
Authors: Fadhil Smaisim Ghassan , Abed Azher M , Hadrawi Salema K , Shamel Ali 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The use of solar energy is highly welcomed due to its availability everywhere. Among the types of solar energy technologies, the use of this type of energy to produce heat from different aspects is much more common, so in this research we have tried to examine different aspects of producing thermal energy from solar energy to supply the heat required by the pool. For this purpose, numerical modelling of the solar pool has been done by considering the heat-transfer characteristics and validation has been done to ensure the obtained results. In this paper, according to the physical realities facing solar systems in two scenarios, an analysis with shadow and without shadow has been done. One of the important results is that as the surface of the pool increases, the amount of heat absorption by the pool fluid will increase, but the effect of the shadow will decrease.
A hybrid approach based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise for multi-step-ahead solar radiation forecasting
Authors: Ferkous Khaled , Boulmaiz Tayeb , Abdelmouiz Ziari Fahd , Bekkar Belgacem 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Accurate measurements of solar radiation are required to ensure that power and energy systems continue to function effectively and securely. On the other hand, estimating it is extremely challenging due to the non-stationary behaviour and randomness of its components. In this research, a novel hybrid forecasting model, namely complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise–Gaussian process regression (CEEMDAN–GPR), has been developed for daily global solar radiation prediction. The non-stationary global solar radiation series is transformed by CEEMDAN into regular subsets. After that, the GPR model uses these subsets as inputs to perform its prediction. According to the results of this research, the performance of the developed hybrid model is superior to two widely used hybrid models for solar radiation forecasting, namely wavelet–GPR and wavelet packet–GPR, in terms of mean square error, root mean square error, coefficient of determination and relative root mean square error values, which reached 3.23 MJ/m2/day, 1.80 MJ/m2/day, 95.56%, and 8.80%, respectively (for one-step forward forecasting). The proposed hybrid model can be used to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the electricity system.
Prognostic implications of left ventricular torsion measured by feature-tracking cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Lai Wei , Chen-Xu Zhao , Jian-Xun Dong , Jie He , Ling-Cong Kong , Dong-Ao-Lei An , Bing-Hua Chen , Song Ding , Zheng Li , Fan Yang , Hu-Wen Wang , Jian-Rong Xu , Heng Ge , Jun Pu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Aims
The prognostic implication of left ventricular (LV) torsion on ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is unclear.

Methods and results
We analysed cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) findings of 420 patients from a registry study (NCT03768453). These patients received CMR examination within 1 week after timely primary percutaneous coronary intervention. LV torsion and other CMR indexes were measured. Compared with healthy control subjects, STEMI significantly decreased patients’ LV torsion (1.04 vs. 1.63°/cm, P &lt; 0.001). During follow-up (median, 52 months), the reduction of LV torsion was greater in patients with than without composite major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs, 0.79 vs. 1.08°/cm, P &lt; 0.001). The risk of MACCEs would increase to 1.125- or 1.092-fold, and the risk of 1-year LV remodelling would increase to 1.110- or 1.082-fold for every 0.1°/cm reduction in LV torsion after adjustment for clinical or CMR parameters respectively. When divided dichotomously, patients with LV torsion≤ 0.802°/cm had significantly higher risk of MACCEs (40.2 vs. 12.3%, P &lt; 0.001) and more remarkable LV remodelling (46.1 vs. 11.9%, P &lt; 0.001) than patients with better LV torsion. The addition of LV torsion to conventional prognostic factors such as the LV ejection fraction and infarction size led to a better risk classification model of patients for both MACCEs and LV remodelling. Finally, tobacco use, worse post-PCI flow, and greater microvascular obstruction size were presumptive risk factors for reduced LV torsion.

Conclusion
LV torsion measured by CMR is closely associated with the prognosis of STEMI and would be a promising indicator to improve patients’ risk stratification.

Clinical Trial Registration
Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03768453
Impact of secondary mitral valve chordal cutting on valve geometry in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with marked septal hypertrophy
Authors: Zyrianov Aleksei , Spirito Paolo , Abete Raffaele , Margonato Davide , Poggio Daniele , Vaccari Giuseppe , Binaco Irene , Grillo Massimiliano , Dorobantu Lucian , Boni Luca , Ferrazzi Paolo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Aims
In patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and mild septal thickness undergoing myectomy, resecting fibrotic anterior mitral leaflet (AML) secondary chordae moves the mitral valve (MV) away from the outflow tract and ejection flow, reducing the need for a deep septal excision. Aim of the present study was to assess whether chordal resection has similarly favourable effects in patients with important hypertrophy, who represent the majority of patients with obstructive HCM.

Methods and results
The MV position in the ventricular cavity, assessed from echocardiography as AML-annulus ratio, was compared before and after chordal resection in 150 consecutive HCM patients with important (≥20 mm) and 62 with mild (≤19 mm) septal thickness undergoing myectomy. Preoperatively, MV position was displaced towards the septum to a similar extent in both groups. Postoperatively, AML-annulus ratio increased of an equal degree in both groups, from 0.43 ± 0.05 to 0.55 ± 0.06 (P &lt; 0.001) a 28% increase, and from 0.43 ± 0.06 to 0.55 ± 0.06 (P &lt; 0.001) a 26% increase, respectively, indicating a similar MV shift away from the outflow tract. When AML-annulus ratio was compared in the study cohort and 124 normal subjects, MV position was within normal range in &lt;4% of patients preoperatively and normalized in &gt;50% postoperatively.

Conclusions
In obstructive HCM, displacement of the MV apparatus into the outflow tract interferes with the ejection flow. Resection of fibrotic secondary chordae moves the MV apparatus away from the outflow tract and enlarges the outflow area independently of septal thickness, facilitating septal myectomy by reducing the need for a deep muscular excision.
Family screening of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in children: a case report
Authors: Voges Inga , Latus Heiner 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPaediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) caused by sarcomere protein gene mutations is more common than previously thought. We present the case of a 9-year-old boy that was diagnosed with HCM during family screening.Case summaryWe present a case of a 9-year-old boy with a family history of sarcomeric HCM who was diagnosed with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) during clinical screening. Echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging revealed asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy with a maximum wall thickness of 18–19 mm. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance late gadolinium enhancement imaging showed patchy fibrosis within the area of maximum wall thickness. Genetic testing confirmed the presence of the familial mutation in the MYL2 gene. The patient was started on bisoprolol. Furthermore, risk stratification was performed and a recommendation for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation was made.DiscussionThis case demonstrates that significant HCM can already start in childhood and discusses the recommendations for family screening on the basis of recently published studies and the present European Society of Cardiology guideline.