bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified stability analysis of double‐diffusive convection in viscoelastic fluid layer saturating porous media
Authors: Dhiman Joginder Singh , Patil Prabhugouda M. , Sood Sumixal 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe present analysis mathematically investigates the thermohaline convection problem in viscoelastic fluid layer saturating porous media by utilizing the modified Boussinesq approximation. By performing linear stability analysis, the Darcy–Rayleigh numbers for stationary and oscillatory modes of convection are derived. The effects of different parameters describing the problem are studied numerically. In nonlinear stability analysis, the heat and mass transfer rates in the form of Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, respectively, are obtained for oscillatory convection using the derived Ginzburg–Landau equation. From the results, it is observed that overstability is the preferred mode of instability in linear stability. It is found that in linear double‐diffusive convection problems, the stress relaxation imparts a destabilizing effect whereas the strain retardation time, the coefficient of specific heat variation due to temperature, and the concentration gradient have a stabilizing effect on the system's stability. The numerical values of heat and mass transfer rates varied with the coefficient of specific heat showing that the heat transport decreases while the mass transport increases. Also, the stress relaxation time, the concentration gradient, and the gravity modulation's amplitude increase while the strain retardation time decreases the heat and mass transfer rates. The wavelength of oscillations remains unaltered with the variation of specific heat variation due to temperature. The modulation frequency does not affect the heat/mass transfer rate; though, the wavelength of oscillations decreases with increasing frequency.
Maternal mental health and infant neurodevelopment at 6 months in a low‐income South African cohort
Authors: Burger Marlette , Einspieler Christa , Niehaus Dana J. H. , Unger Marianne , Jordaan Esme R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMaternal mental health disorders and the adverse consequences for infant neurodevelopment have received substantial research attention in high‐income countries over the past five decades. In Africa, where relatively little work has been done on this topic, researchers have largely focused on infant physical health outcomes. This longitudinal study investigated the neurodevelopment of infants at 6 months post‐term with exposure to mothers with a clinical diagnosis of persistent mental health disorders residing in low‐income communities in Cape Town, South Africa. Adjusted models revealed no significant differences on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID‐III) domains (cognitive, motor, language, socio‐emotional, and adaptive behavior) between infants exposed to maternal mental health disorders (n = 62) and the comparison group (n = 35) at 3 and 6 months. Subgroup analyses found no significant differences on the BSID‐III domains between infants with exposure to mood disorders (n = 31), as well as infants with exposure to comorbid (i.e., a combination of two or three) mental health disorders (n = 14) and the comparison group. However, infants with exposure to psychotic disorders (n = 14) scored significantly lower on the cognitive and the motor domains and the fine motor subscale. These novel data provide an important contribution to the scientific literature especially in the field of maternal psychotic disorders in Africa.
Serum hsa_circ_0000615 is a prognostic biomarker of sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Lunjun , Xu Tao , Li Yuanyuan , Pang Qing , Ding Xiaolin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCircular RNAs (circRNAs) can shape tumor progression and chemoresistance. How specific circRNAs shape hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) chemoresistance, however, remains to be fully elucidated.MethodsIn total, serum samples were collected from 202 HCC patients that had completed four sorafenib chemotherapy cycles. Serum hsa_circ_0000615 levels in these patients were quantified via quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), with demographic details and survival outcomes being recorded for subsequent analyses.ResultsWe found hsa_circ_0000615 to be significantly upregulated in chemoresistant HCC patients relative to chemosensitive patients, with such upregulation being positively correlated with disease stage. Moreover, the area under the curve (AUC) value for hsa_circ_0000615 was moderately good, and high levels of hsa_circ_0000615 expression were associated with shorter overall survival among chemoresistant HCC patients.ConclusionOur results highlight hsa_circ_0000615 as a promising driver of sorafenib resistance in HCC patients, highlighting it as a promising target for the treatment of this deadly cancer type.
Low plasma growth/differentiation factor 1 levels are associated with liver fibrosis in patients with stable angina
Authors: Hung Wei‐Chin , Tang Wei‐Hua , Yu Teng‐Hung , Wu Cheng‐Ching , Wang Chao‐Ping , Lu Yung‐Chuan , Wei Ching‐Ting , Chung Fu‐Mei , Lee Yau‐Jiunn , Hsu Chia‐Chang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundGrowth differentiation factor 1 (GDF1) is a member of the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) superfamily and a protective mediator against the development of post‐infarction cardiac remodeling by negatively regulating MEK‐ERK1/2 and Smad signaling pathways in the heart. The TGF‐β/SMAD pathway has been shown to play a key role in the development of hepatic fibrosis. In addition, fatty liver disease has been associated with reduced MEK/ERK1/2 signaling. However, no previous study has investigated the association between GDF1 and liver fibrosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between plasma GDF1 and liver fibrosis in patients with stable angina.MethodsWe included 327 consecutive patients with stable angina. ELISA was used to measure circulating levels of GDF1, and the fibrosis‐4 index was used to assess liver fibrosis.ResultsThe advanced liver fibrosis group had lower median plasma GDF1 levels than those with minimal liver fibrosis. There was a significant negative association between GDF1 plasma level and fibrosis‐4 index (r = −0.135, p = 0.019). A lower concentration of GDF1 was significantly and independently associated with an increased risk of liver fibrosis when concentration was analyzed as a continuous variable and by tertile. In addition, fibrosis‐4 index, aspartate aminotransferase (AST)‐to‐platelet ratio index, and AST/alanine aminotransferase ratio were significantly associated with GDF1 concentration.ConclusionsOur results indicated an association between low plasma GDF1 and liver fibrosis in the enrolled patients. Further investigations into the role of plasma GDF1 in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis are warranted.
Measuring morality: Analyzing the factor structure of the moral foundations questionnaire in veterans
Authors: Ford Christopher Graham , Smigelsky Melissa A. , Yi Jennifer Y. , Trimm Victoria M. , Wortmann Jennifer H. , Meador Keith G. , Nieuwsma Jason A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesMoral reasoning is an underexamined and potentially useful area of research relative to the care of moral injury in veterans. However, the most widely used measure of moral reasoning, the moral foundations questionnaire (MFQ), has not been validated in this population.MethodsPost‐9/11 veterans (N = 311) completed questionnaires which included the MFQ. Veterans' scores were compared to the general US population. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test existing models of the MFQ in the sample. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was also used to examine potentially improved model fits.ResultsThe two leading, preexisting MFQ models were both poor fits for the data. EFA results produced a four‐factor model for the veteran sample using 25 of the original 30 items of the MFQ.ConclusionsMeasuring moral reasoning among veterans may be important in understanding the experience of moral injury. However, the most widely used scale (MFQ) performs poorly among a sample of post‐9/11 veterans, indicating that veterans may respond differently to the measure than the general US population. Military culture may uniquely influence veterans' moral reasoning, suggesting the need for military specific measures for this construct.
Shared and unique responses in the microbiome of allopatric lizards reared in a standardized environment
Authors: Assis Braulio A. , Bell Terrence H. , Engler Heather I. , King William L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe gut microbiome can influence host fitness and, consequently, the ecology and evolution of natural populations. Microbiome composition can be driven by environmental exposure but also by the host's genetic background and phenotype. To contrast environmental and genetic effects on the microbiome we leverage preserved specimens of eastern fence lizards from allopatric lineages east and west of the Mississippi River but reared in standardized conditions. Bacterial composition was indistinguishable between lineages but responded significantly to host age—a proxy for environmental exposure. This was accompanied by a continuous decrease in bacterial diversity in both lineages, partially driven by decreasing evenness seen only in western lizards. These findings indicate that longer exposure to a homogeneous habitat may have a depreciating effect on microbiome diversity in eastern fence lizards, a response shared by both lineages. We highlight the importance of such effects when extrapolating patterns from laboratory experiments to the natural world.
Risk‐adjusted safety analysis of the oral JAK2/IRAK1 inhibitor pacritinib in patients with myelofibrosis
Authors: Pemmaraju Naveen , Harrison Claire , Gupta Vikas , Verstovsek Srdan , Scott Bart , Oh Stephen T. , Palandri Francesca , Al‐Ali Haifa Kathrin , Sobas Marta , McMullin Mary Frances , Mesa Ruben , Buckley Sarah , Roman‐Torres Karisse , Vannucchi Alessandro , Yacoub Abdulraheem 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe safety profile of the novel oral JAK2/IRAK1 inhibitor pacritinib in patients with cytopenic myelofibrosis was described in the Phase 2 PAC203 and Phase 3 PERSIST‐2 studies. To account for longer treatment durations on the pacritinib arms compared to best available therapy (BAT), we present a risk‐adjusted safety analysis of event rates accounting for different time on treatment. While the rate of overall events was higher on pacritinib compared to BAT, the rate of fatal events was lower, and there was no excess in bleeding, cardiac events, secondary malignancy, or thrombosis on pacritinib, including in patients with severe thrombocytopenia.
Influence of Different Measurement Methods of Arterial Input Function on Quantitative Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced MRI Parameters in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Dong Wanxin , Volk Andreas , Djaroum Meriem , Girot Charly , Balleyguier Corinne , Lebon Vincent , Garcia Gabriel , Ammari Samy , Temam Stéphane , Gorphe Philippe , Wei Lecong , Pitre‐Champagnat Stéphanie , Lassau Nathalie , Bidault François 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundHead and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most prevalent cancer worldwide. Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) helps in diagnosis and prognosis. Quantitative DCE‐MRI requires an arterial input function (AIF), which affects the values of pharmacokinetic parameters (PKP).PurposeTo evaluate influence of four individual AIF measurement methods on quantitative DCE‐MRI parameters values (Ktrans, ve, kep, and vp), for HNC and muscle.Study TypeProspective.PopulationA total of 34 HNC patients (23 males, 11 females, age range 24–91)Field Strength/SequenceA 3 T; 3D SPGR gradient echo sequence with partial saturation of inflowing spins.AssessmentFour AIF methods were applied: automatic AIF (AIFa) with up to 50 voxels selected from the whole FOV, manual AIF (AIFm) with four voxels selected from the internal carotid artery, both conditions without (Mc−) or with (Mc+) motion correction. Comparison endpoints were peak AIF values, PKP values in tumor and muscle, and tumor/muscle PKP ratios.Statistical TestsNonparametric Friedman test for multiple comparisons. Nonparametric Wilcoxon test, without and with Benjamini Hochberg correction, for pairwise comparison of AIF peak values and PKP values for tumor, muscle and tumor/muscle ratio, P value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsPeak AIF values differed significantly for all AIF methods, with mean AIFmMc+ peaks being up to 66.4% higher than those for AIFaMc+. Almost all PKP values were significantly higher for AIFa in both, tumor and muscle, up to 76% for mean Ktrans values. Motion correction effect was smaller. Considering tumor/muscle parameter ratios, most differences were not significant (0.068 ≤ Wilcoxon P value ≤ 0.8).Data ConclusionWe observed important differences in PKP values when using either AIFa or AIFm, consequently choice of a standardized AIF method is mandatory for DCE‐MRI on HNC. From the study findings, AIFm and inflow compensation are recommended. The use of the tumor/muscle PKP ratio should be of interest for multicenter studies.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 1
Baseline cartilage T1ρ and T2 predicted patellofemoral joint cartilage lesion progression and patient‐reported outcomes after ACL reconstruction
Authors: Xie Dongxing , Tanaka Matthew , Pedoia Valentina , Li Alan K. , Facchetti Luca , Neumann Jan , Lartey Richard , Souza Richard B. , Link Thomas M. , Benjamin Ma C. , Li Xiaojuan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study aims to determine if baseline T1ρ and T2 will predict cartilage morphological lesion progression in the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) and patient‐reported outcomes at 2‐year after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). Thirty‐nine ACL‐injured patients were studied at baseline and two‐year after ACLR. 3 T MR T1ρ and T2 images and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were acquired at both time points. Voxel‐based relaxometry (VBR) technique was used to detect local cartilage abnormalities. Patients were divided into progression and non‐progression groups based on changes of the whole‐organ magnetic resonance imaging scoring (WORMS) grading of cartilage in PFJ from baseline to 2‐year, and into lower (more pain) and higher (less pain) KOOS pain groups based on 2‐year KOOS pain scores, separately. Voxel‐based analyses of covariance were used to compare T1ρ and T2 values at baseline between the defined groups. Using VBR analysis, the progression group at 2‐year showed higher T1ρ and T2 compared with the non‐progression group at baseline, with the medial femoral condyle showing the largest areas with significant differences. At two‐year, 56% of patients were able to recover with respect to KOOS pain. The lower KOOS pain group at 2‐year showed significantly elevated T1ρ and T2 in the patella at baseline compared with the higher KOOS pain group. In conclusion, baseline T1ρ and T2 mapping, combined with VBR analysis, may help identify ACLR patients at high risk of developing progressive PFJ cartilage lesions and worse clinical symptoms 2‐year after surgery.
Ambulatory support moment contribution patterns and MRI‐detected tibiofemoral and patellofemoral disease worsening in adults with knee osteoarthritis: A preliminary study
Authors: Chang Alison H. , Almagor Orit , Muhammad Lutfiyya N. , Guermazi Ali , Prasad Pottumarthi V. , Chmiel Joan S. , Moisio Kirsten C. , Lee Jungwha (Julia) , Sharma Leena 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe investigated whether baseline sagittal‐plane ankle, knee, and hip contribution to the total support moment (TSM) are each associated with baseline‐to‐2‐year tibiofemoral and patellofemoral tissue damage worsening in adults with knee osteoarthritis. Ambulatory lower‐limb kinetics were captured and computed. TSM is the sum of ankle, knee, and hip extensor moments at each instant during gait. Ankle, knee, and hip contributions to TSM were computed as joint moments divided by TSM, expressed as percentages. Participants underwent MRI of both knees at baseline and 2 years later. Logistic regression models assessed associations of baseline ankle contribution to TSM with baseline‐to‐2‐year cartilage damage and bone marrow lesion worsening, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, gait speed, disease severity, and pain. We used similar analytic approaches for knee and hip contributions to TSM. Sample included 391 knees from 204 persons (age[SD]: 64[10] years; 76.5% women). Greater ankle contribution may be associated with increased odds of tibiofemoral cartilage damage worsening (OR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.02–5.57) and decreased odds of patellofemoral bone marrow lesion worsening (OR = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.03–0.73). The ORs for greater knee contribution were in the protective range for tibiofemoral compartment and in the deleterious range for patellofemoral. Greater hip contribution may be associated with increased odds of tibiofemoral worsening (OR = 2.71; 95% CI: 1.17–6.30). Greater ankle contribution to TSM may be associated with baseline‐to‐2‐year tibiofemoral worsening, but patellofemoral tissue preservation. Conversely, greater knee contribution may be associated with patellofemoral worsening, but tibiofemoral preservation. Preliminary findings illustrate potential challenges in developing biomechanical interventions beneficial to both tibiofemoral and patellofemoral compartments.
Optimization of ultrasound‐assisted aqueous two‐phase extraction of polysaccharides from seabuckthorn fruits using response methodology, physicochemical characterization and bioactivities
Authors: Liu Junwen , Bai Jingwen , Shao Chuntian , Yao Shengnan , Xu Ran , Duan Suyang , Wang Libo , Xu Yaqin , Yang Yu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeabuckthorn fruits contains many active subtances, among them, the seabuckthorn polysaccharide is one of the main active ingredients, and exhibits diverse bioactivities. The extraction of polysaccharides from seabuckthorn fruits is the most important step for their wide applications. Ultrasound‐assisted aqueous two‐phase extraction (UA‐ATPE) is a promising green method for extracting polysaccharides. Additionally, physicochemical characterization and antioxidant activities can evaluate the potential functions and applications in the food and medicine industries.ResultsBased on the single‐factor experiments, 20.70% (w/w) ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) and 27.56% (w/w) ethanol were determined as the suitable composition for aqueous two‐phase. The optimum conditions of UA‐ATPE obtained by response surface methodology were as follows: ultrasonic power (390 W), extraction time (41 min), liquid‐to‐material ratio (72: 1 mL/g), and the total yield of the polysaccharides reached 34.14 ± 0.10%, The molecular weights of the purified upper‐phase seabuckthorn polysaccharide (PUSP) and the purified lower‐phase seabuckthorn polysaccharide (PLSP) were 65 525 and 26 776 Da, respectively. PUSP and PLSP contained the same six monosaccharides (galacturonic acid, rhamnose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose), but with different molar ratios. Furthermore, PUSP and PLSP displayed certain viscoelastic property, had no triple helical structure, possessed different thermal stability, surface morphology and conformation in aqueous solution. PUSP and PLSP displayed strong antioxidant properties by the assays of scavenging ability of ABTS+·, the protection of DNA damage and erythrocyte hemolysis.ConclusionUA‐ATPE significantly increased the yield of seabuckthorn polysaccharides. PUSP and PLSP were different in many aspects, such as molar ratio, surface shape and antioxidant activities. Seabuckthornpolysaccharides possess great potential in medicine and functional foods. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Myofibrillar protein can form a thermo‐reversible gel through elaborate deamidation using protein‐glutaminase
Authors: Zhang Lingying , Chen Xing , Wang Yue , Xu Xinglian , Zhou Peng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDNovel thermo‐reversible hydrogels that undergo gelation in feedback to external stimuli have numerous applications in the food, biomedical, and functional materials fields. Muscle myofibrillar protein (MP) has long been known for thermally irreversible gelation. Once the reversible gelation of MP is achieved, its scope for research and application will expand.RESULTSThe work reported here achieved, for the first time, a thermo‐reversible MP gelation by elaborate deamidation using protein glutaminase (PG). The protein concentration and PG reaction time within windows of 1.0–2.5% and 8 h or 12 h were observed to be vital for creating thermo‐reversible gels. The gel strength increased with protein concentration. The gel displayed a perforated lamellar microstructure, which resulted in a high water‐holding capacity. The rheological results revealed the thermo‐reversibility of the gel was robust for up to five cycles of heating and cooling. The thermally reversible gelation is closely related to the reversible assembly between individual α‐helix and helical coiled coil. Hydrophobic interactions proved to be predominantly involved in the formation and stabilization of the gel network structure.CONCLUSIONThis work increases the scope of research into the thermo‐responsive behavior of MP‐based gel. It can foster advances in research into the applications of muscle proteins and into the use of PG as a novel ingredient in the food industry. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Therapists’ experience of the lifeline in narrative exposure therapy
Authors: Dix Jayde , Fornells‐Ambrojo Miriam 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the therapist experience of delivering the lifeline component of narrative exposure therapy (NET), an intervention for individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder resulting from exposure to multiple traumatic events. The lifeline in NET involves constructing a chronological representation of the client's life using physical symbols to depict traumatic events as well as positive experiences. A semistructured interview was conducted with 16 therapists experienced in delivering the lifeline component of NET to adult clients. The data from these interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Five overarching domains were identified, each encapsulating three themes. The first domain pertains to the overlapping purposes of the lifeline, united by the vital function of developing the therapeutic relationship. The second domain describes the value and potential therapeutic mechanisms of the lifeline's “whole life” perspective. The third domain speaks to the intensely emotional nature of the lifeline process and some of the challenges this presents. The fourth domain relates to the physicality of the lifeline and the value this adds beyond a purely verbal method. The final domain encompasses several challenges described by therapists as well as potential areas for further development. This study provides a rich account of the novel lifeline component in NET. The findings provide direction for refinement of clinical practice and avenues for future research.