bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herbicidal Response of Container-grown Rhododendron Species1
Authors: Singh Megh , Glaze N. C. , Phatak S. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Alachlor [2-chloro-2’,6’-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide], napropamide [2-(α-naphthoxy-N,N-diethylpropionamide], oryzalin [3,5-dinitro-N4, N4-dipropylsulfanilamide], oxa-diazon [2-terr-butyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-∆2-l,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one], each at 2.2, 4.5, 9.0 and 17.9 kg/ha, oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-l-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoro-methyl) benzene] at 1.1, 2.2, 4.5 and 9.0 kg/ha and prodiamine [2,4-dinitro-N3, N3-dipropyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-l,3-benzenediamine] at 4.5, 9.0 and 13.4 kg/ha were evaluated for weed control and phytotoxicity in container-grown azaleas, Rhododendron indicum (L.) Sweet. ‘Formosa’ and Rhododendron obtusion (Lindl.) Planch. ‘Coral Bells’. All herbicides at all but the lowest rates effectively controlled grasses and broadleaved weeds. All herbicides at 9.0 kg/ha or higher rates were phytotoxic to these azaleas and restricted growth, root development and marketability. ‘Coral Bells’ was more susceptible to herbicide treatments than ‘Formosa’. Both azaleas were highly susceptible to oxyfluorfen.
Development of Growth Media for Poinsettias1
Authors: Pertuit A. J. , Mazur A. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rooted cuttings of ‘Annette Hegg Lady’ poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) were planted in growing media of equal volumes clay loam and sand or ash with 30 or 60% (by volume) pine bark, sphagnum moss peat, perlite, or rubber. Media physical measurements revealed better drainage with 60% perlite during maximum vegetative growth resulted in plants of highest quality: greater aerial fresh weight, increased height, greater inflorescence diameter, and higher grade.
‘Dakota Sunrise’ Cinquefoil1
Authors: Cunningham Richard A. , George Ernest J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractShrubby cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa L.) is native in scattered areas of North America and Asia. Many cultivars have been selected for ornamental uses, especially for foundation or border plantings. The popularity of cinquefoil is based on its compact growth form, hardiness and abundant flowers produced throughout the summer. The drought tolerance and winter-hardiness of ‘Dakota Sunrise’ makes it a promising cinquefoil for the Northern Great Plains.
‘Helene’ Rose of Sharon (Althea)1
Authors: Egolf Donald R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hibiscus syriacus L., commonly known as rose of sharon or althea, is a plant which can endure extreme heat, drought, and poor soil to provide a freeflowering summer shrub. The landscape qualities of the species have been enhanced by the development of triploid cultivars with compact growth habit; leathery, dark green leaves; sterility; and abundant, continuous flowering throughout the summer. In 10 years ‘Diana’ (1), the first introduced triploid cultivar, has become highly esteemed and is now the leading cultivar grown by nurserymen.
‘Oregon 91’ Green Bean1
Authors: Baggett J. R. , Frazier W. A. , Varseveld G. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Oregon 91’ is a bush green bean developed for commercial processing in western Oregon. It results from 22 years of breeding to develop bush bean cultivars with pod characteristics of ‘Blue Lake’ pole bean and an acceptable growth habit. ‘Oregon 91’ should complement or partially replace ‘Oregon 1604’, a bush green bean of ‘Blue Lake’ type which has been important to Oregon processors because of its earliness and dependable production. Compared to ‘Oregon 1604’, ‘Oregon 91’ is slightly later in maturity and slightly less productive, but has a better growth habit and straighter pods. It should be most useful to processors who need pods of smaller diameter than those of ‘Orergon 1604’.
‘Derby’ Peach1
Authors: Werner D. J. , Correll F. E. , Ballington J. R. , Clayton C. N. , Ritchie D. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Derby’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] was released in 1978 to fill the need for an early, large, fresh-market peach. Derby is the name of a town in the North Carolina sandhills.
Introduction To the Symposium
Authors: Krizek Donald T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The human needs for food, fiber, and raw materials rapidly are outstripping supply (10). Worldwide losses of crops from plant diseases, insect pests, and adverse weather conditions total billions of dollars annually. It is axiomatic that improvements in crop productivity can be made only through 2 basic approaches: 1) by modifying plant genotypes to fit their environment better; and 2) by changing the environment to ameliorate the effects of environmental stresses.
Cellular Mechanisms Of Tolerance To Water Stress
Authors: Hasegawa Paul M. , Bressan Ray A. , Sangita Handa , Handa Avtar K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Water availability is one of the principal environmental limitations of crop productivity throughout the world. The water deficits, which are a consequence of either continuous or transitory periods of drought, cause significant yield reductions on presently cultivated land, and greatly restrict the cultivation of crops on over one-third of the earth’s land surface considered to be arid or semiarid (25). These restrictions on yield potential are rapidly becom ing of great concern in the face of the food demands of an ever increasing world population. The problem becomes complicated further by the fact that supplies of suitable irrigation water are dwindling rapidly, and that the costs of irrigation are becoming prohibitive. As a result, studies on the effects of water stress on plant survival and yield are attracting added interest in plant science research.
A Cell Culture Approach For The Development Of Disease Resistance: Studies On The Phytotoxin Cercosporin
Authors: Daub Margaret E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The use of cell culture techniques for the development of diseaseresistant plants has centered around 3 basic approaches. First of all, pathogen toxins and pathogens themselves have been used to select novel, resistant variants in culture, and such selections have resulted in the isolation of phenotypically and genetically altered plants. Second, cell culture techniques have allowed for the transfer of resistance genes from wild species to agronomically important crops. This approach is limited presently to transfer by protoplast fusion or by ovule and embryo culture, but recent advances in plant transformation techniques may allow for the transfer of genetic information through a suitable vector or through the uptake of isolated DNA some time in the near future. Finally, there is growing evidence that plant cell culture itself can generate stable, heritable variations which are useful for crop improvement.
In Vitro Vegetative Propagation of Cape Primrose Using the Corolla of the Flower
Authors: Peck Deborah E. , Cumming Bruce G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Disinfected corollas of cape primrose flowers (Streptocarpus Xhybridus Voss.) placed on a nutrient medium containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts, vitamins, sucrose, adenine, L-tyrosine, naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and benzylamino purine (BA), produce areas of green callus in about 5 weeks. Buds arise from these areas within another 3 weeks. When tissues are subcultured to the same medium, rooted shoots are obtained within 12 to 16 weeks after the initial culture. These young plantlets then can be grown satisfactorily in vivo.
Chemical Control of Thrips on Cultured Simmondsia chinensis (Jojoba) Shoots
Authors: Klocke James A. , Myers Pamela 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A phytophagous insect, Allothrips species, was found to be a contaminant in cultures of proliferating shoots of Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider (jojoba). Incorporation of the insecticide, acephate (Orthene), into the culture medium at concentrations of 10 and 100 ppm eradicated the thrips. Orthene retained insecticidal activity through autoclaving and proved to be nonphytotoxic to jojoba in culture.
Interplanting Susceptible and Resistant Radish Cultivars Reduces Colonization by Plasmodiophora brassicae
Authors: Kroll T. K. , Moore L. D. , Lacy G. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Clubroot-susceptible ‘Scarlet Knight’ radish plants grown with resistant ‘Saxafire’ radish plants, in a Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor.-infested growth medium, had significantly lower incidence of colonization and club formation than susceptible plants grown alone. This decrease in disease development was due to a reduction in the rate and, consequently, the amount of colonization of the root cortex, medullary rays, and stele. A similar response occurred whether a susceptible plant was grown in the presence of 2, 4, or 7 resistant plants.
The Effects of Trickle Irrigation and Plastic Mulch on Zucchini
Authors: Bhella H. S. , Kwolek W. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Response of hybrid summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) cvs. Seneca Zucchini and Zucchini Elite to trickle irrigation and black plastic mulch was evaluated in field studies conducted on a southwestern Indiana loamy sand soil during 1982 and 1983. Trickle irrigation and plastic mulch each increased plant growth, early bloom, and yield. Trickle irrigation reduced percentage of culls. Plant growth was correlated negatively with days to bloom after planting. Days to bloom were correlated negatively with yield; the early-blooming plants tending to yield more than the late-blooming plants. Significantly higher yields are possible with current cultivars using trickle irrigation and plastic mulch.
Split-root Fertilizer Application to Highbush Blueberry Plants
Authors: Gough R. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fertilized portions of 1-year-old plants of ‘Berkeley’ blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) displayed significantly greater shoot dry weight, shoot thickness, leaf dry weight, and mean number of shoots than unfertilized portions. Fertilized portions blossomed and produced fruit while flower buds on the unfertilized portions died.
An Observation of Nutrient Levels in Old, Unfertilized Rabbiteye Blueberry Plants
Authors: Austin Max E. , Gaines T. Powell 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rabbiteye blueberry plants (Vaccinium ashei, Reade) which had been planted in 1947 and fertilized with complete fertilizers until 1962 were neglected for 14 years. Because of the vigorous growth, good foliage color, and quality fruit production of these unfertilized plants, soil and leaf nutrient levels were examined 20 and 21 years after the last fertilization. Whereas the soil pH was optimum at 4.5 both years, the soil P was very high in 1982 and medium in 1983. The soil K was medium in 1982 and low in 1983; the soil Ca and Mg were low both years. Soil micronutrients were low and typical for unfertilized Coastal Plain soils. Generally, all leaf nutrient constituents were on the low end of the ranges reported in the literature. Nonetheless the plants continued to grow and produce well, indicating that some old, deep-rooted rabbiteye blueberry plants require less fertilizer than had been thought previously.
Market Quality of Eastern-grown ‘Golden Delicious’ Apples after Prestorage CO2 Treatment and Controlled-atmosphere Storage
Authors: Tietjen W. H. , Hudson D. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Freshly harvested, eastern-grown ‘Golden Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.), were treated with 10%, 15%, and 20% CO2 for 13 days at 0°C prior to controlled-atmosphere (CA) storage. CO2-treated fruit was significantly firmer than the untreated fruit. Soluble solids and titratable acidity were not affected by the high CO2 prestorage treatment. During the 20% CO2 prestorage treatment, fruit from 1 orchard developed severe CO2 injury. Panelists rated fruit from the 10% and 15% CO2 treatments significantly better for flavor and texture than the untreated CA control and 20% CO2-treated fruit.
Nitrate Distribution in Mature Citrus Trees
Authors: Wutscher Heinz K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
NO3-N concentrations in 35-year-old ‘Hamlin’ orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) and ‘Marsh’ grapefruit (C. paradisi Macf.) trees on rough lemon (C. limon Burm. f.) rootstock were highest in the feeder roots (212-962 ppm), followed by the leaves (160-300 ppm) and trunk wood (0-304 ppm). Only in 3 of 10 orange trees and in 1 of 10 grapefruit trees was NO3-N detected in the bark. Nitrate-N concentration in the leaves and the wood and the percentage of NO3-N in total N in the wood were higher in orange than in grapefruit trees.
Internal Porosity, Water Availability, and Root Penetration of Pine Bark Particles
Authors: Pokorny F. A. , Wetzstein Hazel Y. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Internal porosity, availability of internally adsorbed water, and root growth within a pine bark particle were studied. Internal pore spaces comprised about 43% to 44% of the volume of a pine bark particle. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of Coleus blumei Benth. and Vaccinium ashei Reade showed roots anchored on the exterior surface and developing within the bark particle. Seedling development (Raphanus sativus L.) in water-saturated pieces indicated that internally adsorbed water was available provided that roots developed within the bark particle. The quantity of available water remains to be determined.
‘Tillikum’ Day-neutral Strawberry
Authors: Sjulin Thomas M. , Barritt Bruce H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Tillikum’ is a day-neutral (everbearing) strawberry cultivar jointly released by Wash. State Univ., Univ. of Idaho, Ore. State Univ., and the USDA. ‘Tillikum’ means “friend” in the language of the Chinook Indians. Its virus tolerance and high yields of quality fruit make it a promising candidate for home garden use in the Pacific Northwest.
‘Española Improved’ Chile Pepper
Authors: Matta Frank B. , Nakayama Roy M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Española Improved’ chile pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) has been released for early production in areas characterized by a short growing season (155 days), relatively cool nights, and mild day temperatures. ‘Española Improved’ is highly adaptable to northerncentral New Mexico. It is suggested for home and commercial production of pungent green and red chile for short growing season areas of New Mexico.
Antinepotism: An Obstacle for Career-bound Couples?
Authors: Paparozzi Ellen T. , Lamberts Mary 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
How many people do you know that have met their prospective husband or wife in college? Just as frequently as this occurs, many prospective mates also meet while pursuing graduate studies. While love and school often mix, career and marriage often do not. While most professional women are aware of potential career problems which they face (particularly if they are married to professionals in the same field), acknowledgement of the problem is not the same as dealing with it.
Variations Among Gas Chromatographic Measurements of Ethylene Standards
Authors: Saltveit Mikal E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A survey was conducted to measure the variability among gas chromatographic analyses of ethylene and the variability among the ethylene gas standards used in 22 laboratories in the United States and Canada. The linearity of gas chromatographic responses to injections of 10.0, 1.0, and 0.1 μl/l ethylene in air mixtures had an average coefficient of linear determination (R2) of 0.9984, with a SD among the R2 values of only 0.33%. The ethylene concentrations calculated for the laboratory standards varied from 11.3% higher to 21.7% lower than the value assumed by the participant; with an average variance of about 6% lower.
Photodegradable Plastic Mulch in Central New York
Authors: Chang-chi Chu , Matthews David L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A “sandwich technique” was designed to study the degradation of plastic mulch film in the soil. Polyethylene films, formulated to several levels of photodegradability, and regular (nonphotodegradable) films were exposed to natural solar radiation (sunlight) for 30 days, removed, buried and covered with 6 inches of soil. No significant amount of degradation was found when retrieved 32 months after burial. When exposed to sunlight, the photodegradable plastic mulch films degraded either much faster or much slower than described by the supplier.
Accumulation of Alanine in Chilling-sensitive Crops
Authors: Kozukue Nobuyuki , Kozukue Etsuko , Hirose Tomohisa , Mizuno Susumu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study investigated some common factors which might exist in chillingsensitive crops. It was revealed that the concentration of alanine and the percentage of alanine to the total free amino acids increased rapidly during storage of these crops at 1°C, whereas in sensitive crops stored at 20°, or in chilling-resistant crops stored at 1°, these increases were not found. An abnormal utilization of alanine seemed to occur with the advance of chilling injury. We suggest that the accumulation of alanine might be a common factor in chilling-sensitive crops.
Herbicide Systems for Nursery Plantings
Authors: Akers M. S. , Carpenter P. L. , Weller S. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Field studies conducted for 2 years showed that glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] or mixtures of glyphosate and preemergence herbicides applied as preplant and directed postplant sprays were effective in providing season-long weed control in commercial nurseries. Oryzalin [3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide] at 2.2 or 4.5 kg ai/ha, and mixtures of simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] at 1.1 kg ai/ha with diphenamid [N,N dimethyl-2,-2-diphenylacetamide] at 6.7 kg ai/ha, napropamide [2-(α-naphthoxyl)-N,N-diethylpropionamide] at 2.2 kg ai/ha, alachlor [2-chloro-2’,6’-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide] at 2.2 kg ai/ha or oryzalin at 4.5 kg ai/ha were effective treatments when used after preplant application of glyphosate (2.2 kg ai/ha) or when combined with glyphosate (2.2 kg ai/ha). None of the herbicide treatments reduced growth of red maple (Acer rubrum L.), Norway maple (A. platanoides L.), or creeping juniper (Juniperus horizontalis Moench). Japanese spurge (Packysandra terminalis Sieb. and Zucc.) survival was reduced by treatments containing oryzalin.
The Effects of Growth Regulators on Development of Nicotiana affinis Flowers In Vitro
Authors: Deaton M. H. , Buxton J. W. , Hamilton-Kemp T. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Excised flower buds of Nicotiana affinis were grown to maturity in media in which growth regulators were added to evaluate their effects on growth and development. As the concentration of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was increased from 10-7 to 10-4 m, the number of days required for the buds to open decreased, and the number of days required for the corolla tubes to turn brown increased. Indoleacetic acid (IAA) and indolebutyric acid (IBA) did not affect the rate of bud opening. As the concentration of IBA was increased, however, the days required for the corolla tubes to turn brown increased, but not as much as for buds in media with NAA. IAA had no effect on browning of corolla tubes. At high concentrations of NAA and kinetin the corolla tubes were shortened. Kinetin did not affect the rate of bud opening or days till the corolla tubes turned brown.
In Vitro Propagation of Prayer Plants
Authors: Dunston Sheryl , Sutter Ellen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Lateral buds excised from unrooted cuttings of Maranta leuconeura E. Moor. ‘Kerchoviana’, prayer plant, were cultured on Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) medium supplemented with various combinations of N6-benzylaminopurine (BA), kinetin, α-anaphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA) for the production of multiple shoots and complete plants. Of 48 combinations of growth regulators, 4 produced the most vigorous, well-formed shoots after a culture period of 6 weeks: 2.0 mg·liter-1 kinetin, 0.2 mg·liter-1 BA, 0.2 mg·liter-1 BA plus 0.1 mg·liter-1 NAA, and 2.0 mg·liter-1 kinetin plus 1.0 mg·liter-1 IAA. Enhanced shoot production occurred when shoots were transferred at 12-week intervals and when they were maintained on 0.2 mg liter-1 BA. Complete plants with strong, fibrous root systems were produced after the shoots were transferred to basal medium lacking growth regulators for 3-4 weeks.
Response of White Oak Seedlings to Foliar Applications of Fertilizer and Plant Growth Regulators
Authors: Dixon R. K. , Garrett H. E. , Cox G. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Glasshouse-grown seedlings of white oak (Quercus alba L.) received foliar applications of 3 concentrations of 6-benzylamino-purine (BA), 3 of gibberellic acid (GA), and 2 concentrations of an NPK solution (750 and 1500 ppm). The 1500 ppm NPK treatment significantly stimulated seedling dry weight when applied in combination with 50 ppm BA or GA, with BA producing the greater treatment effect. Application of 50 ppm BA or GA also stimulated significant increases in seedling root system length, root collar diameter, and total leaf area. The results suggest that foliar mist applications of plant growth regulators in combination with foliar fertilizer solutions promote oak seedling root and shoot growth.
Mode of Leaf Shedding from Avocado Cuttings and the Effect of its Delay on Rooting
Authors: Raviv M. , Reuveni O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaf shedding (LS) of 3 avocado (Persea americana Mill.) clones (‘Northrop 28/5’, ‘Fuchs 20’ and ‘Nahlat 7’) differing in rooting ability was studied. Two distinct processes, leaf blade senescence and formation of the abscission layer, were found to be associated with LS. The rate of these processes differs among the 3 clones, and their combination determines the speed of LS. Leaf senescence was simulated by measuring chlorophyll destruction over time in leaf discs incubated in the light. The speed of abscission layer formation was estimated by measuring the time required for petioles to shed from incubated internodes. The results obtained in these tests were in agreement with the behavior of LS from cuttings of the 3 clones under mist. Auxin and cytokinin alone, or in combination, as measured in the 2 test systems, affected these leaf blade senescence and abscission layer formations at different rates. Six cuttings of the clone ‘Fuchs 20’ were sprayed weekly with combinations of NAA and BA. The optimal combination (1.10-4 m NAA + 5.10-4 m BA) caused a significant delay in LS and improvement in rooting. Relatively simple tests of leaf senescence and petiole abscission are discussed as potential methods for predicting rooting ability of leafy cuttings.
Micropropagation of ‘Stanley’ Plum
Authors: Pietropaolo P. A. , Reisch B. I. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Shoot tips of ‘Stanley’ plum were multiplied 10 times per month on MS inorganic salts with (in mg/liter) thiamine-HCl (1.0), nicotinic acid (1.0), pyridoxine-HC1 (1.0), myo-inositol (10.0), sucrose (30,000), agar (7,000), and BA (1.1). Sufficient rooting response occurred on this medium (altered by deleting BA and lowering sucrose to 15 g/liter) with 0.5-2.5 mg/liter IBA for 5 weeks or 2.0-6.1 mg/liter IBA for 3 weeks. Plant survival ranged from 57 to 93% 10 weeks after removal from in vitro culture conditions.