bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensity Evolution of Zonal Shear Line over the Tibetan Plateau in Summer: A Perspective of Divergent and Rotational Kinetic Energies
Authors: Bao Xiaohong , Yao Xiuping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBased on the ERA5 reanalysis datasets during 1980–2019, a total of eleven zonal shear lines (ZSLs) that caused heavy precipitation and lasted more than 60 hours over the Tibetan Plateau in summer are selected for composite analysis. By decomposing the kinetic energy (K) near the ZSL into divergent and rotational kinetic energies (KD and KR) and the kinetic energy of interaction between the divergent wind and the rotational wind (KRD), the influence of the rotational and divergent winds on the evolution of the ZSL intensity is investigated from the perspective of KD and KR. The main results are as follows. The ZSL is a comprehensive reflection of rotation and convergence. The intensity evolution of ZSL is essentially synchronized with those of K, KR, and KRD but lags behind KD by about three hours. The enhancement of K is mainly contributed by KR, which is governed by the conversion from KD to KR. Furthermore, the increase in the conversion from KD to KR is controlled by the geostrophic effect term Af, which is determined by the joint enhancement of the zonal rotational and meridional divergent wind components (uR and vD). Therefore, the joint enhancement of uR and vD controls the increase of the ZSL intensity, leading to increased precipitation.
Dynamic pressure evolution within the 18 May 1980 Mount St. Helens pyroclastic density current: evidence from tree damage
Authors: Guinn Nicole K. , Gardner James E. , Helper Mark A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe effects of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) can be devastating, so understanding their internal dynamics and evolution is important for hazard assessment. We use damaged trees located around Mount St. Helens (USA) as proxy for the dynamic pressure (Pdyn) of the PDC erupted on 18 May 1980. We recorded the location, distribution, and foliage preservation of damaged trees within the medial and distal parts of the devastated forest. Sub-meter resolution aerial photographs from a month after the eruption allow distinction between standing trees that retained foliage from those that were stripped. Heights of standing trees were estimated from the measured lengths of their shadows. The number of standing trees was counted within defined areas along the propagation paths of PDCs. From the measured tree heights, we estimated tree toppling stresses fromPdyn. Overall,Pdynof the PDC head within the medial to distal portions of the blowdown zone ranged from 10 to 35 kPa.Pdynlikely waned with distance, as shown by the increased number of standing trees in the outer parts of the devastated area. In addition, we find clusters of standing trees on the lee sides of some hills. We propose that these clusters survived because they were primarily impacted by lower dynamic pressures extant within the PDC body, with foliage retention or stripping as a function of thePdynevolution in the PDC body. We estimate thatPdynof the body was less than the estimated maximumPdynof the PDC head by 12 ± 4 kPa.
Psychosoziale Faktoren bei Schmerz und Schmerzbehandlung
Authors: Eich Wolfgang , Diezemann-Prößdorf Anke , Hasenbring Monika , Hüppe Michael , Kaiser Ulrike , Nilges Paul , Tesarz Jonas , Klinger Regine 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungPsychosoziale Faktoren beeinflussen Schmerzerleben und Schmerzgenesung weitreichend, trotzdem ist der Transfer in die klinische Anwendung bisher unzureichend. Mit diesem Beitrag möchte eine Arbeitsgruppe des Arbeitskreises „Psychosoziale Aspekte bei Schmerz“ der Deutschen Schmerzgesellschaft e. V. auf die erhebliche Diskrepanz zwischen bestehender wissenschaftlicher Evidenz zur Bedeutung psychosozialer Faktoren bei der Entstehung chronischer Schmerzstörungen und der Translation dieser Ergebnisse in die Versorgung von Schmerzpatienten aufmerksam machen. Unsere Ziele sind eine stärkere Integration psychologischer und psychosomatischer Expertise in die Schmerzbehandlung und -forschung sowie die Verbesserung der strukturellen und institutionellen Voraussetzungen, um zu einer vermehrten Berücksichtigung psychosozialer Aspekte zu kommen. Nur so können die modernen, integrativen und komplexen Schmerzkonzepte beim Patienten ankommen. Basierend auf diesen grundlegenden Erkenntnissen zur Bedeutung psychosozialer Faktoren bei Schmerz und Schmerzbehandlung sollen Implikationen für den Transfer in die Klinik und die weitere Forschung aufgezeigt werden.
Is the z score sufficient to assess participants’ performance in proficiency testing? The hidden corrective action
Authors: Cordeiro Fernando , Emons Hendrik , Robouch Piotr 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProficiency testing providers, accreditation bodies and testing laboratories should be aware that a laboratory participating in a proficiency testing round might have reported a biased result despite a satisfactory performance indicated by an assessment using uniquely the z score. A complementary performance evaluation, based on the ζ score and the assessment of the measurement uncertainty, is therefore highly recommended. This work presents an intuitive graphical tool (the Naji2 plot) that combines z and ζ scores together with the reported measurement uncertainties. This tool allows a comprehensive assessment of the laboratory performance and enables to identify the need for corrective actions. The concerned laboratory should then perform a root cause analysis and investigate their bias and/or their measurement uncertainty evaluation.
The attractiveness of jobs in the German care sector: results of a factorial survey
Authors: Kroczek Martin , Späth Jochen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe skilled labour shortage in nursing is an issue not unique to Germany. Unattractive characteristics of nursing jobs are one reason for the low supply in nursing personnel. In our study, we analyse the influence of job characteristics on the attractiveness of nursing jobs. We address this issue via factorial survey analysis, an experimental method particularly suited to assessing personal opinions and less prone to social desirability bias than standard interview methods. Around 1300 (current and former) nurses in a distinct region in Germany were asked to rate a set of synthetic job postings, each of which contained information on 9 systematically varied job characteristics. We find that, first, attractiveness of care jobs is most strongly affected by rather “soft” characteristics such as atmosphere within the team and time for patients. “Hard” factors play a considerably smaller role. Second, one hard factor, contract duration, is estimated to be among the most important job factors, however. This is a remarkable finding given that nursing occupations suffer from severe skill shortages. Third, though wage has a statistically significant influence on attractiveness, enormous wage raises would be needed to yield higher attractiveness gains than the top-rated soft factors, or to compensate for less pleasant job characteristics with respect to those factors. Last, even after controlling for other job characteristics, hospital nursing is still rated as more attractive than geriatric nursing.
Checking security compliance between models and code
Authors: Tuma Katja , Peldszus Sven , Strüber Daniel , Scandariato Riccardo , Jürjens Jan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt is challenging to verify that the planned security mechanisms are actually implemented in the software. In the context of model-based development, the implemented security mechanisms must capture all intended security properties that were considered in the design models. Assuring this compliance manually is labor intensive and can be error-prone. This work introduces the first semi-automatic technique for secure data flow compliance checks between design models and code. We develop heuristic-based automated mappings between a design-level model (SecDFD, provided by humans) and a code-level representation (Program Model, automatically extracted from the implementation) in order to guide users in discovering compliance violations, and hence, potential security flaws in the code. These mappings enable an automated, and project-specific static analysis of the implementation with respect to the desired security properties of the design model. We developed two types of security compliance checks and evaluated the entire approach on open source Java projects.
Sub-Saharan Africa’s international migration constrains its sustainable development under climate change
Authors: Li Qirui , Samimi Cyrus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is seen as a region of mass migration and population displacement caused by poverty, violent conflict, and environmental stress. However, empirical evidence is inconclusive regarding how SSA’s international migration progressed and reacted during its march to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This article attempts to study the patterns and determinants of SSA’s international migration and the cause and effects on sustainable development by developing a Sustainability Index and regression models. We find that international migration was primarily intra-SSA to low-income but high-population-density countries. Along with increased sustainability scores, international migration declined, but emigration rose. Climate extremes tend to affect migration and emigration but not universally. Dry extremes propelled migration, whereas wet extremes had an adverse effect. Hot extremes had an increasing effect but were insignificant. SSA’s international migration was driven by food insecurity, low life expectancy, political instability and violence, high economic growth, unemployment, and urbanisation rates. The probability of emigration was mainly driven by high fertility. SSA’s international migration promoted asylum seeking to Europe with the diversification of origin countries and a motive for economic wellbeing. 1% more migration flow or 1% higher probability of emigration led to a 0.2% increase in asylum seekers from SSA to Europe. Large-scale international migration and recurrent emigration constrained SSA’s sustainable development in political stability, food security, and health, requiring adequate governance and institutions for better migration management and planning towards the SDGs.
Graphical abstract
Epidemiology of hip fracture in Qatar and development of a country specific FRAX model
Authors: Abdulla Nabeel , Alsaed Omar Suhail , Lutf Abdo , Alam Fiaz , Abdulmomen Ibrahim , Al Emadi Samar , Harvey Nicholas C. , Liu Enwu , Vandenput Liesbeth , Lorentzon Mattias , McCloskey Eugene , Kanis John A. , Johansson Helena 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Summary

Hip fracture data were retrieved from electronical medical records for the years 2017–2019 in the State of Qatar and used to create a FRAX® model to facilitate fracture risk assessment. Hip fracture rates were comparable with estimates from Saudi Arabia, Abu Dhabi, and Kuwait but fracture probabilities varied due to differences in mortality.

Objective
This paper describes the epidemiology of osteoporotic fractures in the State of Qatar that was used to develop the country-specific fracture prediction FRAX® tool.

Methods
Hip fracture data were retrieved from electronic medical records for the years 2017–2019 in the State of Qatar. The age and sex specific incidence of hip fracture in Qatari residents and national mortality rates were used to create a FRAX® model. Fracture probabilities were compared with those from neighboring countries having FRAX models.

Results
Hip fracture rates were comparable with estimates from Saudi Arabia, Abu Dhabi and Kuwait. In contrast, probabilities of a major osteoporotic fracture or hip fracture were lower in Qatar than in Kuwait but higher than those in Abu Dhabi and Saudi Arabia due to differences in mortality.

Conclusion
The FRAX model should enhance accuracy of determining fracture probability among the Qatari population and help guide decisions about treatment.
Pain’s Adverse Impact on Training-Induced Performance and Neuroplasticity: A Systematic Review
Authors: Stanisic Nikola , Häggman-Henrikson Birgitta , Kothari Mohit , Costa Yuri Martins , Avivi-Arber Limor , Svensson Peter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMotor training is a widely used therapy in many pain conditions. The brain’s capacity to undergo functional and structural changes i.e., neuroplasticity is fundamental to training-induced motor improvement and can be assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The aim was to investigate the impact of pain on training-induced motor performance and neuroplasticity assessed by TMS. The review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA-guidelines and a Prospero protocol (CRD42020168487). An electronic search in PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane until December 13, 2019, identified studies focused on training-induced neuroplasticity in the presence of experimentally-induced pain, 'acute pain' or in a chronic pain condition, 'chronic pain'. Included studies were assessed by two authors for methodological quality using the TMS Quality checklist, and for risk of bias using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The literature search identified 231 studies. After removal of 71 duplicates, 160 abstracts were screened, and 24 articles were reviewed in full text. Of these, 17 studies on acute pain (n = 7) or chronic pain (n = 10), including a total of 258 patients with different pain conditions and 248 healthy participants met the inclusion criteria. The most common types of motor training were different finger tasks (n = 6). Motor training was associated with motor cortex functional neuroplasticity and six of seven acute pain studies and five of ten chronic pain studies showed that, compared to controls, pain can impede such trainings-induced neuroplasticity. These findings may have implications for motor learning and performance and with putative impact on rehabilitative procedures such as physiotherapy.
Nature, Obligation, and Transcendence: Reading Luce Irigaray with Mary Graham
Authors: Boulous Walker Michelle 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses the relation between Luce Irigaray’s work and politics by asking what it means to read her work locally, in place. The philosophical work of Indigenous scholar, Mary Graham, on the law of obligation, serves to ground such a local reading presenting, simultaneously, a case for a uniquely Australian philosophy. By way of suggesting possible connections between the work of Irigaray and Graham, the paper places Graham’s work on obligation alongside Irigaray’s work on the importance of a symbolic re-distribution of value suggested in her philosophy of horizontal transcendence. Such a reading encourages us to consider what it means to engage work, such as Irigaray’s, in ahereandnowthat differs from the European context of her writing.
SEOM-GEMCAD-TTD clinical guidelines for localized rectal cancer (2021)
Authors: Capdevila Jaume , Gómez Ma Auxiliadora , Guillot Mónica , Páez David , Pericay Carles , Safont Maria José , Tarazona Noelia , Vera Ruth , Vidal Joana , Sastre Javier 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe management of localized rectal cancer requires a multidisciplinary approach to optimize outcomes, reduce morbidity and prevent under or overtreatments. While early stages may obtain benefit of local resections without any additional therapies, locally advanced rectal cancer becomes a challenge defining the better sequential strategy of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The latest results of international phase III studies have positioned the total neoadjuvant therapy as a potential new standard of care in high risk rectal cancers, however, the best schedule is still not well defined.
“Some hate it, others love it”: Formation of automatic and reflective affective processes toward exercising in fitness centers and mountain biking
Authors: Limmeroth Julia , Braun Claudia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBased on a dual process approach, this study was conducted to test whether automatic affective processes toward exercise are not only interrelated with the amount of exercise but also distinctive for different types of exercise. In a quasi-experimental setting, N = 60 participants (30.87 years ± 7.53; 33% female) completed an Evaluative Priming task to assess automatic affective processes toward exercising in fitness centers, mountain biking and exercise in general and completed a questionnaire about their exercise behavior and their reflective affective processes toward each type of exercise. The results showed that the automatic affective processes toward exercising in fitness centers differed significantly among the three groups (d = 0.74). Those who regularly exercise in fitness centers (n = 21) provided the most positive automatic affective processes, followed by mountain bikers (n = 16) and those engaging in little or no exercise (n = 23). Automatic affective processes toward mountain biking were nonsignificant between groups (p = 0.30; d = 0.42). All reflective affective processes assessed via questionnaire resulted in significant differences between the three groups, always in favor of those who often perform the respective exercise. Our results show that automatic affective processes toward exercising in fitness centers are distinctive for the preference for this type of exercise. Furthermore, they underline the importance of choosing an adequate measurement technique to assess automatic affective processes toward exercise, especially if these processes should be indicative for the preference of different types of exercise.
Families with complex needs: an inside perspective from young people, their carers, and healthcare providers
Authors: Radu Mădălina , Moldovan Ramona , Băban Adriana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Complex health needs are demanding and often require additional medical, psychological and social support. All those involved (e.g., patients, carers, professionals) face a unique set of challenges and needs, especially in families where the patient is a child or a young person with a lifelong condition. The aim of the study was to explore carers’ and young people’s needs when living with long term conditions, as well as the views of the healthcare professionals supporting them. Semi-structured interviews with 30 participants (11 professionals, 10 parents, and 9 young people) were conducted. Interviews focused on 3 main areas—(1) medical needs, (2) psychological needs, and (3) communication needs—and were analyzed using thematic analysis. Four main themes emerged: (1) Acceptance takes time refers to the often long and challenging process of adapting to the diagnosis and living with the condition; (2) Close guidance captures the importance of specialised and long term guidance in accessing and managing the complexities of the medical system; (3) Open communication shows the families’ need to be collaboratively connected to healthcare providers and other families facing similar difficulties; and (4) Long-term support underlines the importance of long term formal and informal support strategies. The participants’ experiences and views have provided us with insight and guidance for developing and implementing personalized and integrated services. This inside perspective is key for future research aimed at better understanding the impact of complex conditions and meaningful ways to support families throughout their journeys.
Automated segmentation of the larynx on computed tomography images: a review
Authors: Rao Divya , K Prakashini , Singh Rohit , J Vijayananda 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe larynx, or the voice-box, is a common site of occurrence of Head and Neck cancers. Yet, automated segmentation of the larynx has been receiving very little attention. Segmentation of organs is an essential step in cancer treatment-planning. Computed Tomography scans are routinely used to assess the extent of tumor spread in the Head and Neck as they are fast to acquire and tolerant to some movement.This paper reviews various automated detection and segmentation methods used for the larynx on Computed Tomography images. Image registration and deep learning approaches to segmenting the laryngeal anatomy are compared, highlighting their strengths and shortcomings. A list of available annotated laryngeal computed tomography datasets is compiled for encouraging further research. Commercial software currently available for larynx contouring are briefed in our work.We conclude that the lack of standardisation on larynx boundaries and the complexity of the relatively small structure makes automated segmentation of the larynx on computed tomography images a challenge. Reliable computer aided intervention in the contouring and segmentation process will help clinicians easily verify their findings and look for oversight in diagnosis. This review is useful for research that works with artificial intelligence in Head and Neck cancer, specifically that deals with the segmentation of laryngeal anatomy.
Subordinated Gaussian random fields in elliptic partial differential equations
Authors: Merkle Robin , Barth Andrea 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo model subsurface flow in uncertain heterogeneous or fractured media an elliptic equation with a discontinuous stochastic diffusion coefficient—also called random field—may be used. In case of a one-dimensional parameter space, Lévy processes allow for jumps and display great flexibility in the distributions used. However, in various situations (e.g. microstructure modeling), a one-dimensional parameter space is not sufficient. Classical extensions of Lévy processes on two parameter dimensions suffer from the fact that they do not allow for spatial discontinuities [see for example Barth and Stein (Stoch Part Differ Equ Anal Comput 6(2):286–334, 2018)]. In this paper a new subordination approach is employed [see also Barth and Merkle (Subordinated gaussian random fields. ArXiv e-prints, arXiv:2012.06353 [math.PR], 2020)] to generate Lévy-type discontinuous random fields on a two-dimensional spatial parameter domain. Existence and uniqueness of a (pathwise) solution to a general elliptic partial differential equation is proved and an approximation theory for the diffusion coefficient and the corresponding solution provided. Further, numerical examples using a Monte Carlo approach on a Finite Element discretization validate our theoretical results.