bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The overlooked complexity of avian brood parasite–host relationships
Authors: Kennerley James A. , Somveille Marius , Hauber Mark E. , Richardson Nicole M. , Manica Andrea , Feeney William E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe relationships between avian brood parasites and their hosts are widely recognised as model systems for studying coevolution. However, while most brood parasites are known to parasitise multiple species of host and hosts are often subject to parasitism by multiple brood parasite species, the examination of multispecies interactions remains rare. Here, we compile data on all known brood parasite–host relationships and find that complex brood parasite–host systems, where multiple species of brood parasites and hosts coexist and interact, are globally commonplace. By examining patterns of past research, we outline the disparity between patterns of network complexity and past research emphases and discuss factors that may be associated with these patterns. Drawing on insights gained from other systems that have embraced a multispecies framework, we highlight the potential benefits of considering brood parasite–host interactions as ecological networks and brood parasitism as a model system for studying multispecies interactions. Overall, our results provide new insights into the diversity of these relationships, highlight the stark mismatch between past research efforts and global patterns of network complexity, and draw attention to the opportunities that more complex arrangements offer for examining how species interactions shape global patterns of biodiversity.
Thermomechanical and isothermal fatigue crack propagation testing method for 316LN austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Zheng Yiming , Li Bingbing , Zhao Jingwei , Liu Caiming , Itoh Takamoto , Chen Xu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInvestigating fatigue crack growth behavior of materials is crucial to the life design and safety evaluation of engineering structures. During the practical service condition, the temperature keeps changing, which cannot be studied by the traditional fatigue crack growth test method at constant temperature. In this study, we focus on constructing a new thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) crack propagation testing method, developing a thermal deformation compensation method, and proposing an equivalent compliance method suitable for variable temperature conditions based on ASTM E647 standard to measure the crack length. Furthermore, the load‐ and strain‐controlled TMF tests under different phase angles are carried out to prove the validity of the new method.
Non‐destructive fatigue damage detection of carbon fiber‐reinforced thermoplastics using positron annihilation method
Authors: Uematsu Yoshihiko , Kakiuchi Toshifumi , Nishizawa Hideto , Nakai Asami , Ohtani Akio , Uesugi Noaya , Hattori Kanehisa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTensile axial fatigue tests were carried out using carbon fiber‐reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTP) plate with a hole notch up to very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime, where number of loading cycles was 2 × 107. The fatigue test was periodically interrupted, and fatigue damage accumulation around the hole notch was non‐destructively detected by two positron annihilation methods. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy was applied to obtain positron lifetime and Doppler broadening method to obtain S‐parameter. Both parameters increased with increasing fatigue loading cycles. Fatigue damage detected by two positron annihilation methods was attributed to the expansion of free volume in the polymer matrix. The estimated size of free volume was sub‐nanoscale according to the experimental value of the positron annihilation lifetime. SEM and μCT scan revealed that the macroscopic fatigue damages, such as surface cracking, transverse cracking and delamination, increased with increasing fatigue loading cycles, which indicated that sub‐nanoscale and macroscopic fatigue damages progressed simultaneously. Consequently, it can be concluded that the positron annihilation methods can be used for the non‐destructive fatigue damage detection of CFRTP.
The counteracting effects of anthropogenic speciation and extinction on mammal species richness and phylogenetic diversity
Authors: Faurby Søren , Pedersen Rasmus Østergaard , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Antonelli Alexandre 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimHuman activities are causing massive increases in extinction rates but might also lead to drastic increases in speciation rates; for example, after human‐mediated spread of species to otherwise unreachable landmasses. The long‐term net anthropogenic effects on biodiversity therefore remain uncertain. Our aim was to assess the combined anthropogenic effects of extinctions and speciations on biodiversity over geological time‐scales.LocationGlobal.Time periodPresent and predicted future.Major taxa studiedTerrestrial mammals.MethodsWe estimated known anthropogenic and predicted future extinctions based on Red List categories from the International Union for Conservation of Nature. We inferred potential anthropogenic speciations, assuming that all introductions to isolated landmasses would, over time, evolve into distinct species. We then estimated changes in regional and global species richness and phylogenetic diversity attributable to these extinctions and speciations.ResultsWe demonstrated that if all species introduced onto new landmasses develop into new species, the number of anthropogenic speciation and extinctions eventually become similar. However, even after accounting for an anthropogenic increase in speciation, our estimates suggest recovery times for phylogenetic diversity of several millions of years.Main conclusionsOur results highlight that although humans are causing drastic biodiversity losses, human‐driven speciation could eventually counterbalance these losses in species numbers, whereas phylogenetic diversity, at least within our simulation scenarios, would remain permanently reduced. This conclusion, however, requires our pressures on biodiversity to cease soon and requires us to consider geological time‐scales rather than changes over this century.
Clear cell stromal tumour of the lung with YAP1::TFE3 fusion: four cases including a case with highly aggressive clinical course
Authors: Dehner Carina A , Sadegh David , Boulos Fouad , Messias Nidia , Wang Wei‐Lien , Demicco Elizabeth G , Chrisinger John S A 
Published: June 2022

AimsClear cell stromal tumour of the lung (CCST‐L) is a rare, recently recognised neoplasm which has been found to express TFE3 and harbour YAP1::TFE3 fusions. Initial data suggested a benign process; however, a single reported case gave rise to distant metastases. We sought to describe the clinicopathological and molecular features of additional cases of CCST‐L.Methods and ResultsPathology and molecular archives were searched for cases of CCST‐L or tumours with YAP1::TFE3 fusions. Clinical features were noted. Available slides, including immunohistochemical studies, were re‐reviewed for diagnosis confirmation and assessment of pathological features. Results of molecular studies were also recorded. Four tumours were identified, all occurring in women (median age = 61 years, range = 24–69). Median tumour size was 4.4 cm (range = 1–9.5 cm); three tumours were unifocal and one was multifocal. Tumours were composed of epithelioid to spindled cells with eosinophilic to clear cytoplasm and grew in sheets, vague nests and short fascicles. Nuclear atypia was predominately mild; however, two cases showed scattered atypical cells. Mitotic activity was generally low, although one case showed a mitotic count of 6/2 mm2. All tumours expressed TFE3 and harboured YAP1::TFE3 fusions. One case was unresectable and was treated with chemotherapy, and two underwent complete resection. One patient died of disease 7 months following diagnosis, while a second patient was alive with no evidence of disease after 43 months. Follow‐up was not available for two cases.ConclusionCCST‐L expresses TFE3, harbours YAP1::TFE3 fusions and at least rare cases behave in an aggressive manner.
Irrigant flow in the root canal during ultrasonic activation: A numerical fluid–structure interaction model and its validation
Authors: Boutsioukis Christos , Verhaagen Bram , van der Sluis Lucas W. M. , Versluis Michel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was (a) to develop a three‐dimensional numerical model combining the oscillation of a tapered ultrasonic file and the induced irrigant flow along with their two‐way interaction in the confinement of a root canal. (b) To validate this model through comparison with experiments and theoretical (analytical) solutions of the flow.MethodologyTwo partial numerical models, one for the oscillation of the ultrasonic file and another one for the irrigant flow inside the root canal around the file, were created and coupled in order to take into account the two‐way coupled fluid–structure interaction. Simulations were carried out for ultrasonic K‐files and for smooth wires driven at four different amplitudes in air or inside an irrigant‐filled straight root canal. The oscillation pattern of the K‐files was determined experimentally by Scanning Laser Vibrometry, and the flow pattern inside an artificial root canal was analysed using high‐speed imaging together with Particle Image Velocimetry. Analytical solutions were obtained from an earlier study. Numerical, experimental and analytical results were compared to assess the validity of the model.ResultsThe comparison of the oscillation amplitude and node location of the ultrasonic files and of the irrigant flow field showed a close agreement between the simulations, experiments and theoretical solutions.ConclusionsThe model is able to predict reliably the file oscillation and irrigant flow inside root canals during ultrasonic activation under similar conditions.
Non‐surgical root canal treatment and retreatment versus apical surgery in treating apical periodontitis: A systematic review
Authors: Bucchi Cristina , Rosen Eyal , Taschieri Silvio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn addition to non‐surgical root canal treatment or retreatment, apical surgery may be carried out to manage teeth with apical periodontitis. However, it is unclear which treatment option is more effective.ObjectiveTo systematically review the effectiveness of apical surgery compared with non‐surgical treatment or retreatment in terms of clinical and patient‐related outcomes in teeth with apical periodontitis.MethodsA literature search of electronic databases, the grey literature, the reference lists of included articles and previous reviews, and a hand search of leading endodontic journals, was conducted. Randomised and non‐randomised control trials, and longitudinal observational studies on patients undergoing surgical (treatment group) and non‐surgical root canal treatment or retreatment (control group) of teeth with apical periodontitis were included. The risk of bias was appraised using the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool; ROBINS‐I and the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale.ResultsFive studies, consisting of two randomised clinical trials, two non‐randomised clinical trials, and a retrospective cohort study, were included. The interobserver agreement was high and kappa correlation coefficient was good. In total 529 teeth were available for follow‐up that varied from 6 months to 8.7 years. The overall risk of bias was high for four studies and raised some concerns in one study. Apical surgery showed seemly better results regarding periapical healing and less need for more and further intervention, although tooth survival was higher in the control group. Given the heterogeneity of the studies, meta‐analysis was not possible.DiscussionPrevious systematic reviews have conducted an indirect comparison by separately pooling the outcomes of studies analysing either non‐surgical, or surgical, treatment. In this systematic review, only studies that compared both treatments were included. Most results of this and previous reviews were similar.ConclusionNo treatment option showed clear superiority. However, to arrive at statistically supported conclusions there is a need for additional high‐quality comparative trials.RegistrationPROSPERO database (Registration number CRD42021260300).
Fat fraction quantification of bone marrow in the lumbar spine using the LiverLab assessment tool in healthy adult volunteers and patients with Gaucher disease
Authors: Gan Calvin , Robertson Patricia L. , Lai Jeffrey K. C. , Szer Jeff 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic Resonance Imaging is used for evaluation of bone in Gaucher disease (GD), but a widely available quantitative scoring method remains elusive.AimsThe study purpose was to assess the reproducibility of the LiverLab tool for assessing bone marrow fat fraction (FF) and determine whether it could differentiate GD patients from healthy subjects.MethodsTen healthy volunteers and 18 GD patients were prospectively recruited. FF was calculated at L3, L4 and L5. GD patient bone marrow burden (BMB) score assessed by one observer. Inter and intra‐rater agreement assessed with Bland–Altman data plots. Differences in FF between healthy volunteers versus GD patients and between subjects treated versus not treated assessed using two‐sample t‐tests. In GD patients, the relationship between FF, BMB and glucosylsphingosine was determined using the Pearson's correlation coefficient.ResultsHealthy volunteer mean FF was 0.36, standard deviation (SD) 0.10 (range 0.20–0.57). Intra and inter‐rater SD were both 0.02. GD patient mean FF was 0.40, SD 0.13 (range 0.09–0.57). No statistical difference was shown between healthy volunteers and GD patients (P = 0.447) or between GD patients whether on enzyme replacement therapy or not (P = 0.090). No significant correlation between mean FF and total BMB (r = −0.525, P = 0.253) or between FF and glucosylsphingosine levels (r = 0.287, P = 0.248).ConclusionExcellent reproducibility of LiverLab FF measurements across studies and observers is comparable to Dixon quantitative chemical shift imaging (QCSI). Lack of statistical difference between GD patients and controls may be explained by limited patient numbers, active treatment or mild disease severity in untreated patients.
Anti‐tumour necrosis factor‐induced skin rashes in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and evidence‐based management algorithm
Authors: Au Minnie , Heddle Georgina , Young Edward , Ryan Emma , Graf Scott , Tee Derrick , Philpott Hamish 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐tumour necrosis factor alpha (anti‐TNF) agents are a highly effective treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Skin lesions, including psoriasiform, eczematous and lupoid eruptions, may paradoxically result from anti‐TNF use and cause significant morbidity leading to discontinuation of therapy. There are no consensus guidelines on the management of these lesions.AimsThis systematic review considers the existing evidence regarding cutaneous complications of anti‐TNF therapy in IBD and the development of an algorithm for management.MethodsA systematic review was performed by searching Medline (Pubmed) and Embase for articles published from inception to January 2021. The following search terms were used ‘anti‐tumour necrosis factor alpha’, ‘infliximab’, ‘adalimumab’, ‘certolizumab’, ‘golimumab’, ‘inflammatory bowel disease’, ‘Crohn disease’, ‘Ulcerative colitis’, ‘psoriasis’, ‘psoriasiform’, ‘dermatitis’, ‘lupus’, ‘skin lesion’ and ‘skin rash’. Reference lists of relevant studies were reviewed to identify additional suitable studies.ResultsThirty‐four studies were included in the review. Eczema can generally be managed with topical agents and the anti‐TNF can be continued, while the development of lupus requires immediate cessation of the anti‐TNF and consideration of alternative immunomodulators. Management of psoriasis and psoriasiform lesions may follow a step‐wise algorithm where topical treatments will be trialled in less severe cases, with recourse to an alternative anti‐TNF or a switch to an alternative class of biological agent.ConclusionAssessment of anti‐TNF skin lesions should be performed in conjunction with a dermatologist and rheumatologist in complex cases. High‐quality prospective studies are needed to clarify the validity of these algorithms in the future.
Repeat catheter ablation in patients with atrial arrhythmia recurrence despite durable pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Sciacca Vanessa , Fink Thomas , Eitel Charlotte , Heeger Christian‐Hendrik , Sano Makoto , Reil Jan‐Christian , Eitel Ingo , Kuck Karl‐Heinz , Vogler Julia , Tilz Roland R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionArrhythmia recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is common and often linked to pulmonary vein reconnection. In patients with arrhythmia recurrences despite durable PVI the optimal ablation approach is unclear. The purpose of the present study was to analyze efficacy of extended ablation maneuvers in these patients and predictors of procedural success.MethodsConsecutive patients with durable PVI undergoing repeat ablation procedures were prospectively enrolled. Patients underwent substrate modification with creation of linear lesions and/or mechanism‐specific atrial tachycardia (AT) ablation. Three dimensional‐mapping images were analyzed for the presence of left atrial (LA) low‐voltage areas according to published scoring systems.ResultsSeventy‐four patients were analyzed. Mode of recurrence after durable PVI was AF in 27 patients (36.5%) and AT in 47 patients (63.5%). Linear lesion ablation was performed in 60 patients (81.1%). Twenty‐four patients (32.4%) were treated for focal AT mechanisms. Mean follow‐up was 565 ± 342 days. Estimated arrhythmia‐free survival after 24 months was significantly higher in patients with AT than in patients with AF as mode of recurrence after durable PVI (42.9 ± 8.2% vs. 24.7 ± 8.5%, p = .023) and in patients without compared to patients with marked LA low‐voltage areas (40.5 ± 9.2% vs. 22.8 ± 8.5%, p = .041). The mode of recurrence after durable PVI was the only independent predictor of further arrhythmia recurrence after repeat ablation.ConclusionArrhythmia‐free survival following repeat ablation procedures in patients with durable PVI highly depends on mode of arrhythmia recurrence and the presence of LA low‐voltage areas.
Factors related to the skin thickness of cardiovascular implantable electronic device pockets
Authors: Yatomi Atsusuke , Takami Mitsuru , Fukuzawa Koji , Kiuchi Kunihiko , Sakai Jun , Nakamura Toshihiro , Sonoda Yusuke , Takahara Hiroyuki , Nakasone Kazutaka , Yamamoto Kyoko , Suzuki Yuya , Tani Kenichi , Iwai Hidehiro , Nakanishi Yusuke , Hirata Ken‐ichi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe skin overlying cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) sometimes becomes very thin after implantations, which could cause a device erosion. The factors related to the skin thickness of device pockets have not been elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the skin thickness of CIED pockets and search for the factors associated with the thickness.MethodsSeventeen skin thickness points around the CIED pocket were measured through ultrasonography in each patient.ResultsA total of 101 patients (76 ± 11 years, 26 female) were enrolled. The median duration from the implantation to the examination was 95 months (quartile: 52.5–147.5). The median skin thickness overlying the device was 4.1 mm (3.3–5.9). Patients with heart failure and malignancy had thinner skin overlying the CIED than those without. A significant correlation existed between skin thickness and body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and left ventricular ejection fraction. In contrast, age, gender, and device size did not exhibit a significant correlation with skin thickness. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that chronic heart failure and a decrease in the eGFR and BMI were independent predictive factors of “very thin (≦3.3 mm)” skin of the CIED pocket late after an implantation.ConclusionAside from a low BMI, the comorbidities (low hemoglobin, heart failure, and renal dysfunction) had a stronger impact on the skin thickness overlying the device than the device size. A careful observation of the device pocket should be performed in patients with those risk factors.
Potential of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐redirected immune cells in breast cancer therapies: Recent advances
Authors: Nikoo Marzieh , Rudiansyah Mohammad , Bokov Dmitry Olegovich , Jainakbaev Nurlan T. , Suksatan Wanich , Ansari Mohammad Javed , Thangavelu Lakshmi , Chupradit Supat , Zamani Amir , Adili Ali , Shomali Navid , Akbari Morteza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite substantial developments in conventional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, and molecular‐targeted therapy, breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality in women. Currently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–redirected immune cell therapy has emerged as an innovative immunotherapeutic approach to ameliorate survival rates of breast cancer patients by eliciting cytotoxic activity against cognate tumour‐associated antigens expressing tumour cells. As a crucial component of adaptive immunity, T cells and NK cells, as the central innate immune cells, are two types of pivotal candidates for CAR engineering in treating solid malignancies. However, the biological distinctions between NK cells‐ and T cells lead to differences in cancer immunotherapy outcomes. Likewise, optimal breast cancer removal via CAR‐redirected immune cells requires detecting safe target antigens, improving CAR structure for ideal immune cell functions, promoting CAR‐redirected immune cells filtration to the tumour microenvironment (TME), and increasing the ability of these engineered cells to persist and retain within the immunosuppressive TME. This review provides a concise overview of breast cancer pathogenesis and its hostile TME. We focus on the CAR‐T and CAR‐NK cells and discuss their significant differences. Finally, we deliver a summary based on recent advancements in the therapeutic capability of CAR‐T and CAR‐NK cells in treating breast cancer.
Serotonin in the regulation of systemic energy metabolism
Authors: Moon Joon Ho , Oh Chang‐Myung , Kim Hail 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSerotonin is a well‐known neurotransmitter that is synthesized from the amino acid, tryptophan. To date, more than 14 different serotonin receptors have been discovered; they exist universally in our body and enable diverse biological functions in different organs. Central serotonin regulates mood and behavior, and impacts the systemic energy balance by decreasing appetite. A number of drugs that modulate central serotonin function (e.g., fenfluramine, sibutramine and lorcaserin) were approved and used as anti‐obesity drugs, but then later withdrawn due to adverse cardiovascular and carcinogenic effects. Over the past decade, the role of peripheral serotonin in regulating systemic energy metabolism has been extensively explored using tissue‐specific knockout animal models. By inhibiting the action of serotonin in liver and adipose tissues, hepatic steatosis was improved and lipid accumulation was mitigated, respectively. Recent findings show that modulation of the serotonergic system is a promising therapeutic target for metabolic diseases. This review summarizes the role of serotonin in regulating energy metabolism in different organs, and discusses the potential of serotonin modulation for treating metabolic diseases.