bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disability, physical activity, and health-related quality of life in Australian adults: An investigation using 19 waves of a longitudinal cohort
Authors: Keramat Syed Afroz , Ahammed Benojir , Mohammed Aliu , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Farjana Fariha , Hashmi Rubayyat , Ahmad Kabir , Haque Rezwanul , Ahmed Sazia , Ali Mohammad Afshar , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku 
Published: May 2022

Background
Any form of long-term physical or mental impairment might negatively influence health-related quality of life (HRQoL). HRQoL, as an independent concept, covers a wide range of characteristics that includes physical, mental, social, and spiritual functions. People with disabilities are continuously exposed to multiple barriers that deteriorate their HRQoL. It also creates impairment in performing physical activities. However, experts opine regular physical exercise as an intervention to help disabled people. This research aims to investigate the association between disability and physical activity with HRQoL among the adult population in Australia.

Design
A retrospective cohort study.

Methods
This study utilized the most recent 19 waves of data (2002–2020) from the nationally representative Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. Component summary scores such as physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS), and SF-6D utility scores were utilized to measure HRQoL. Random-effects GLS regression technique was fitted to estimate the association between disability and physical activity with HRQoL, after adjusting for a range of socio-demographic and health-related characteristics.

Results
Disability was negatively associated with the PCS (-5.95), MCS (-2.70) and SF-6D (-0.060) compared with non-disabled counterparts. However, respondents engaged in the recommended level of physical activity had substantial gain in PCS (b = 0.96), MCS (1.57), and SF-6D (0.021) scores. Besides, the results showed that performing the recommended level of physical activity in the presence of disability has lessen the negative effect of disability/ positive moderating effect of physical activity on PCS, MCS, and SF-6D scores by 1.84 points, 0.82 points, and 0.013 percentage points, respectively.

Conclusion
This study found an inverse association between disability and HRQoL among Australian adults. However, physical activity was associated with improved HRQoL. Therefore, public health interventions, such as the orientation of physical activities, have a higher potential to dwindle the burden regarding HRQoL.
Hypoglycaemia due to insulin therapy for the management of hyperkalaemia in hospitalised adults: A scoping review
Authors: Chothia Mogamat-Yazied , Humphrey Toby , Schoonees Anel , Chikte Usuf Mohamed Ebrahim , Davids Mogamat Razeen 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionHyperkalaemia is a very common electrolyte disorder encountered in hospitalised patients. Although hypoglycaemia is a frequent complication of insulin therapy, it is often under-appreciated. We conducted a scoping review of this important complication, and of other adverse effects, of the treatment of hyperkalaemia in hospitalised adults to map existing research on this topic and to identify any knowledge gaps.Materials and methodsWe followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported on any adverse effects in hospitalised patients ≥18-years-old, with hyperkalaemia receiving treatment that included insulin. All eligible research from 1980 to 12 October 2021 were included. We searched Medline (PubMed), Embase (Ovid), the Cochrane Library, CINHAL, Africa-Wide Information, Web of Science Core Collection, LILACS and Epistemonikos. The protocol was prospectively registered with the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/x8cs9).ResultsSixty-two articles were included. The prevalence of hypoglycaemia by any definition was 17.2% (95% CI 16.6–17.8%). The median timing of hypoglycaemia was 124 minutes after insulin administration (IQR 102–168 minutes). There were no differences in the prevalence of hypoglycaemia when comparing insulin dose (<10 units vs. ≥10 units), rate of insulin administration (continuous vs. bolus), type of insulin (regular vs. short-acting) or timing of insulin administration relative to dextrose. However, lower insulin doses were associated with a reduced prevalence of severe hypoglycaemia (3.5% vs. 5.9%, P = 0.02). There was no difference regarding prevalence of hypoglycaemia by dextrose dose (≤25 g vs. >25 g); however, prevalence was lower when dextrose was administered as a continuous infusion compared with bolus administration (3.3% vs. 19.5%, P = 0.02). The most common predictor of hypoglycaemia was the pre-treatment serum glucose concentration (n = 13 studies), which ranged from < 5.6–7.8 mmol/L.ConclusionThis is the first comprehensive review of the adverse effects following insulin therapy for hyperkalaemia. Hypoglycaemia remains a common adverse effect in hospitalised adults. Future randomised trials should focus on identifying the optimal regimen of insulin therapy to mitigate the risk of hypoglycaemia.
ROX index and SpO2/FiO2 ratio for predicting high-flow nasal cannula failure in hypoxemic COVID-19 patients: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Kim Jin Hyoung , Baek Ae-Rin , Lee Song-I , Kim Won-Young , Na Yong Sub , Lee Bo Young , Seong Gil Myeong , Baek Moon Seong 
Published: May 2022

Background
The ratio of oxygen saturation (ROX) index, defined as the ratio of oxygen saturation (SpO2)/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) to respiratory rate, can help identify patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure at high risk for intubation following high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) initiation; however, whether it is effective for predicting intubation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients receiving HFNC remains unknown. Moreover, the SpO2/FiO2 ratio has been assessed as a prognostic marker for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. This study aimed to determine the utility of the ROX index and the SpO2/FiO2 ratio as predictors of failure in COVID-19 patients who received HFNC.

Methods
This multicenter study was conducted in seven university-affiliated hospitals in Korea. Data of consecutive hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between February 10, 2020 and February 28, 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. We calculated the ROX index and the SpO2/FiO2 ratio at 1 h, 4 h, and 12 h after HFNC initiation. The primary outcome was HFNC failure defined as the need for subsequent intubation despite HFNC application. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate discrimination of prediction models for HFNC failure.

Results
Of 1,565 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 133 who received HFNC were analyzed. Among them, 63 patients (47.4%) were successfully weaned from HFNC, and 70 (52.6%) were intubated. Among patients with HFNC failure, 32 (45.7%) died. The SpO2/FiO2 ratio at 1 h after HFNC initiation was an important predictor of HFNC failure (AUC 0.762 [0.679–0.846]). The AUCs of SpO2/FiO2 ratio at 4 h and ROX indices at 1 h and 4 h were 0.733 (0.640–0.826), 0.697 (0.597–0.798), and 0.682 (0.583–0.781), respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that the patients aged ≥70 years are 3.4 times more likely to experience HFNC failure than those aged <70 years (HR 3.367 [1.358–8.349], p = 0.009). The SpO2/FiO2 ratio (HR 0.983 [0.972–0.994], p = 0.003) at 1 h was significantly associated with HFNC failure.

Conclusions
The SpO2/FiO2 ratio following HFNC initiation was an acceptable predictor of HFNC failure. The SpO2/FiO2 ratio may be a good prognostic marker for predicting intubation in COVID-9 patients receiving HFNC.
Association between exposure to intimate partner violence and the nutritional status of women and children in Nigeria
Authors: Issah Abdul-Nasir , Yeboah Daudi , Kpordoxah Mary Rachael , Boah Michael , Mahama Abraham Bangamsi 
Published: May 2022

Background
Globally, intimate partner violence (IPV) epitomizes a greater proportion of the violence experienced by women, with more than a third of women (41.3%) in sub-Saharan Africa reporting IPV during their lifetime. This study examined the association between exposure to IPV and the nutritional status of women and their children in Nigeria.

Methods
The study analyzed secondary data obtained from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. Data on women’s lifetime experience of psychological, physical, and sexual IPV, as well as demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, were collected. We used regression models to determine the association between exposure to IPV and women and child nutrition indicators. A weighted sample of 4,391 women aged 15–49 years and 2,145 children 6–59 months were analyzed.

Results
The lifetime experience of IPV in the study was 35.31% (95% CI: 33.35, 37.33), 30.43% (95% CI: 28.54, 32.38) experienced psychological IPV, 19.43% (95% CI: 17.79, 21.19) experienced physical IPV, and 6.03% (95% CI: 5.12, 7.09) experienced sexual IPV. After adjusting for a range of characteristics, maternal lifetime exposure to IPV was associated with underweight (ARRR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.91) and overweight/obesity (ARRR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.58). We also found that, children whose mothers experienced IPV were less likely to be underweight compared to their counterparts (ARRR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.96).

Conclusions
Overall, IPV against women, particularly psychological, physical, and sexual IPV, is common in Nigeria and has an association with the nutritional status of affected women and their children. According to the study, women with a lifetime experience of IPV were more likely to be overweight. On the other hand, affected women’s children were less likely to be underweight. A far-reaching effort is required to curb IPV against women, particularly policies, programs, and laws are needed to protect women and children from the unfavourable effects of IPV to reduce the prevalence and impact of such violence.
Arriving depleted after crossing of the Mediterranean: obligatory stopover patterns underline the importance of Mediterranean islands for migrating birds
Authors: Barboutis Christos , Navarrete Elisabeth , Karris Georgios , Xirouchakis Stavros , Fransson Thord , Bounas Anastasios 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHundreds of millions of birds reach the Mediterranean islands or Mediterranean coast of Europe every spring after having crossed the Sahara Desert and the Mediterranean Sea. Using data from three small insular stopover sites, we calculated body mass without fuel for 18 trans-Saharan passerine migrants. We subsequently used arrival fuel loads coupled with potential flight range estimates to assess the percentage of birds that are forced to perform an obligatory stopover after crossing the Mediterranean Sea due to fuel depletion. Average arrival fuel loads were among the lowest ever recorded in the Mediterranean region and minimum body mass values recorded for several species were lower than any other individual value reported. The percentage of birds that needed to replenish their energy stores before resuming their northward migration journey varied from 0% to 50% depending on the species and locality studied. Based on conservative estimates at least 180 million birds of our study species are expected to migrate through Greece, 14% of which would not be able to resume their migration without refueling. The significance of small islands and coastal sites in the Mediterranean as obligatory refuelling sites is discussed and their conservation value for migratory birds is highlighted under the perspective of climate change.
Automated maneuvering using model-based control as key to autonomous shipping
Authors: Hahn Tobias , Damerius Robert , Rethfeldt Carsten , Schubert Agnes U. , Kurowski Martin , Jeinsch Torsten 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The paper discusses methods to increase the level of automation in ship handling towards autonomous operations with a focus on conventional vessels in maneuvering situations. In this context, a model-based approach for control system design of maneuvering vessels is introduced. The resulting model is applied to a multivariable control system including allocation, feedforward, and feedback modules. The established hybrid control system distinguishes between a transit mode with control in two degrees of freedom in compliance with the prevailing traffic regulations and a dynamic positioning mode in three degrees of freedom for the final stages of a berthing maneuver. The supervisor switches automatically between these two modes. The methods are validated on board the German research vessel DENEB in the port of Rostock.
Spurious Resonances in Coupled Domain-Boundary Variational Formulations of Transmission Problems in Electromagnetism and Acoustics
Authors: Schulz Erick , Hiptmair Ralf 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We develop a framework shedding light on common features of coupled variational formulations arising in electromagnetic scattering and acoustics.
We show that spurious resonances haunting coupled domain-boundary formulations based on direct boundary integral equations of the first kind originate from the formal structure of their Calderón identities.
Using this observation, the kernel of the coupled problem is characterized explicitly, and we show that it completely vanishes under the exterior representation formula.
Designing high-efficiency extended depth-of-focus metalens via topology-shape optimization
Authors: Zheng Yuhan , Xu Mingfeng , Pu Mingbo , Zhang Fei , Sang Di , Guo Yinghui , Li Xiong , Ma Xiaoliang , Luo Xiangang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Longitudinal optical field modulation is of critical importance in a wide range of applications, including optical imaging, spectroscopy, and optical manipulation. However, it remains a considerable challenge to realize a uniformly distributed light field with extended depth-of-focus. Here, a high-efficiency extended depth-of-focus metalens is proposed by adjoint-based topology-shape optimization approach, wherein the theoretical electric field intensity corresponding to a variable focal-length phase is utilized as the figure of merit. Using a dozen of metalens with random structure parameters as initial structures, the average focal depth of topology-shape optimized metalens is greatly improved up to 18.80 μm (about 29.7λ), which is 1.54 times higher than the diffraction-limited focal depth. Moreover, all the topology-shape optimized metalens exhibit high diffraction efficiency exceeding 0.7 over the whole focal depth range, which is approximately three times greater than that of the forward design. Our results offer a new insight into the design of extended depth-of-focus metalens and may find potential applications in imaging, holography, and optical fabrication.
Crystal structure of (E)-amino(2-(3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazineyl)methaniminium nitrate hemihydrate C10H16N5O5.5
Authors: Jin Ze-Sen , Liu E. , Liu Xiao-Jing , Jian Fang-Fang , Liang Tongling 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
C10H16N5O5.5, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 17.7836(8) Å, b = 9.4796(4) Å, c = 15.8740(8) Å, β = 97.093(5)°, V = 2655.6(2) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0469, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1289, T = 170 K.
The crystal structure of (2,2′-bipyridine-κ2
N,N′)- bis(6-phenylpyridine-2-carboxylate-κ2
N,O)manganese(II)] monohydrate, C34H26N4O5Mn
Authors: Tai Xi-Shi , Wang Li-Hua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
C34H26N4O5Mn, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 29.4330(18) Å, b = 10.4120(6) Å, c = 20.0207(12) Å, β = 107.246(6)°, V = 5859.6(6) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0380, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0865, T = 200 K.
The crystal structure of 3-amino-5-carboxypyridin-1-ium iodide, C6H7IN2O2
Authors: Cui Mengbing , Li Yong , Chen Heng , Wang Hui , Zeng Yan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
C6H7BrN2O2, triclinic, P

1
‾

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 7.4522(4) Å, b = 7.4741(5) Å, c = 8.3144(5) Å, α = 90.036(3)°, β = 99.808(3)°, γ = 117.724(2)°, V = 402.25(4) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0156, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0367, T = 150.0 K.
Development of a cavity pressure control for injection moulding by adjusting the cross-section in the hot runner
Authors: Hopmann Christian , Schöll Matthias , Dornebusch Hanna 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Fluctuations in the injection moulding process are affecting component quality. A pressure control can be used to increase process consistency. However, current control systems cannot influence the melt flow in the mould specifically for individual cavities. Therefore, a control concept is being developed in which commercially available, servo-electrically driven hot runner valve pins are used to control the cavity pressure in the holding pressure phase. By varying the stroke, the pressure resistance in the hot runner and thus the pressure transfer into the cavity are influenced. A one cavity mould with two pressure sensors and a servo-electrical driven hot runner was used to evaluate the control setup, implementing a PID controller. The evaluation criterion for the setup is to what extent the reference curve measured in advance can be reproduced after provoked disturbance. The control calculates the difference between the actual pressure and the reference curve. The control compensates the pressure difference by a pin movement. The control concept can compensate for disturbances that do not change the material behaviour, such as changes in holding pressure. Changes in the material behaviour, for example due to fluctuations in the mould temperature, cannot be compensated due to the reference control.
Was ein Militärbündnis zwischen Russland und China für die NATO bedeuten würde
Authors: Meyer zum Felde Rainer 
Published: May 2022

Kurzfassung
Sind Russland und China ewige Rivalen oder Partner einer im Entstehen begriffenen Allianz? Und was würde letzteres für die NATO bedeuten? Die NATO reagierte im Jahr 2014 auf die russische hybride Aggression gegen die Ukraine, die aus verdeckter Destabilisierung des Donbass und völkerrechtswidriger Besetzung und Annexion der Krim bestand, mit einem Paradigmenwechsel, der sogenannten „NATO Adaptation.“ Auf dem Gipfeltreffen in Wales 2014 erhöhte sie ihre Reaktionsbereitschaft mit dem Readiness Action Plan, beim Gipfel in Warschau 2016 stärkte sie ihr Abschreckungs- und Verteidigungsdispositiv und richtete 2018 beim Gipfeltreffen in Brüssel ihre Führungsstruktur wieder auf kollektive Verteidigung aus. Obgleich eingebettet in einen „360-Grad-Ansatz“, zielen alle zentralen Verteidigungselemente der NATO-Anpassung seit 2014 in erster Linie auf Russland hin, das seither als potenzielle Bedrohung für die territoriale Integrität der osteuropäischen Mitgliedstaaten gilt. Aber dieser Paradigmenwechsel beruhte zur Gänze auf der Einschätzung, einzig Russland sei eine ernstzunehmende militärische Bedrohung für die Allianz und (abgesehen von Belarus) auf sich allein gestellt. Der Frage, was es bedeuten würde, wenn Russland von einer gleichgesinnten Großmacht wie China unterstützt würde, und ebenso der Frage, welche Folgen zwei gleichzeitige Aggressionen – eine durch Russland in Europa, eine weitere durch China im Indopazifik – für die NATO hätte, wurde bislang keine Beachtung geschenkt. Dabei haben diese beiden Problempunkte in den letzten Jahren rapide an Tragweite für die Anpassung der NATO an die neuen geopolitischen Realitäten gewonnen. Das gilt erst recht in einer abermals veränderten Sicherheitslage, in der Putins Russland aus revisionistischen und imperialen Großmachtmotiven einen unverblümten, brutalen Angriffskrieg gegen sein souveränes Nachbarland Ukraine führt, dabei die europäische Friedensordnung entgegen allen abgeschlossenen Verträgen grundsätzlich in Frage stellt und Unterstützung findet von Xi Jinpings China als „engem Freund und strategischen Partner“, der sich das russische Narrativ zu eigen macht und den USA und der NATO die Schuld für den Konflikt zuweist.
Beyond semiclassical time
Authors: Chataignier Leonardo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We show that the usual Born–Oppenheimer type of approximation used in quantum gravity, in which a semiclassical time parameter emerges from a weak-coupling expansion of the Wheeler–DeWitt constraint, leads to a unitary theory at least up to the next-to-leading order in minisuperspace models. As there are no unitarity-violating terms, this settles the issue of unitarity at this order, which has been much debated in the literature. Furthermore, we also show that the conserved inner product is gauge-fixed in the sense that the measure is related to the Faddeev–Popov determinant associated with the choice of semiclassical time as a reparametrization gauge. This implies that the Born–Oppenheimer approach to the problem of time is, in fact, an instance of a relational quantum theory, in which transition amplitudes can be related to conditional probabilities.
Feasibility Study for Evaluating the Moisture Resistance of Asphalt Mixtures Containing RAP Using Pull-Off Test
Authors: Daryaee Daryoosh , Vamegh Mostafa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Binder adhesion has an important effect on the properties of asphalt mixtures. In asphalt mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), rejuvenating agents have been used to restore the adhesive properties of an aged binder. In this study, a new rejuvenator was investigated to discover whether it can improve the moisture susceptibility of mixtures containing RAP. For this purpose, first, the effects of a new rejuvenator on the moisture resistance of binder compounds containing different percentages of aged binder were evaluated. Second, the moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures with different RAP contents (25, 50, 75, and 100 %) were investigated with and without rejuvenator utilization. The pull-off test was performed to evaluate the adhesion of binder compounds; indirect tensile strength and resilient modulus tests were utilized for evaluating the moisture susceptibility of the asphalt mixtures. Meanwhile, for the first time, the relationship between the pull-off test and the moisture susceptibility parameters of asphalt mixtures was established. The results indicate that the use of the rejuvenating agent improved the moisture resistance of the asphalt mixtures containing RAP as compared with the control mixture and mixtures without a rejuvenator. According to the obtained correlations, the pull-off test can be used as a rapid and economic test to estimate the moisture sensitivity of asphalt mixtures.