bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management Practices of School Heads, Organizational Behavior, and Performance of Teachers in Distance Learning Environment
Authors: Buitizon Starsky M. 
Published: December 2021

This study determined the management practices of school heads, organizational behavior, and performance of teachers in the distance learning environment. Fifty-five (55) public school principals and one thousand five hundred seven (1507) teachers were the respondents of the study. The researcher utilized the descriptive-correlational examination plan, which utilized the adopted and modified questionnaires to assess and measure the variables under study. The statistical tools used to analyze the data gathered were: Frequency and Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation, and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. Findings revealed that the management practices, organizational behavior, and performance of teachers were relevant to the distance learning environment. The findings were used to determine the strategic plan model to be proposed by the DepEd and school officials. Since the school heads' management practices are assessed to a high extent, it may be sustained by introducing innovations in their respective stations, which will focus on how the instructional programs may be carried out to achieve the vision, mission, and goals of the DepEd. This may be done by involving the teachers in the instructional decisions to be made as well as in crafting the different plans to be implemented in the school context. The teachers may be exposed to seminars and capability building to further enhance their teaching pedagogy as well as their skills in the different aspects of the instructional program in the context of the new normal in the educational system.
EXPERIENCES OF PREGNANT WOMEN AT THE PROCESS OF LABOR: SCOPING REVIEW
Authors: Sari Ria Harnita , Kartini Farida , Sridaryanti Menik 
Published: December 2021

Background: Each pregnant woman desires normal labor and the trust from health staffs and the support from other people. This literature review is to determine the experiences of pregnant women at labor process. Aim: KnowingÂ the psychological and support of pregnant women. Methods: Five stages were used to conduct a scoping review. The stages include identifying research questions, identifying relevant studies, selecting studies, charting data and compiling, summarizing and reporting the results. Â Result: the experience of giving birth in pregnant women includes experiences related to the knowledge and information received by them, adjustment, fears, hopes, readiness for childbirth, support from family and husbands. The information given can become the answer on the question and assist women in managing their mind, better understanding, and the support from other people. Conclucion: Interestingly, it was found that the women wanted a normal delivery and the trust of a health worker (midwife) where they also needed empowerment and support from others.
The Prevalence of Covid 19 in Third Trimester Pregnancy at Mayong II Jepara Community Health Centre Central Java 2021
Authors: Nasriyah Nasriyah , Islami Islami , Asiyah Nor 
Published: December 2021

Covid-19 is a virus that spreads very quickly in the world community, including Indonesia. Incidence of Covid-19 is very high and the transmission is very fast so that it has become a pandemic in the world. Corona virus is characterized by several symptoms, such as fever, cough and shortness of breath. In severe conditions, this viral infection can cause acute respiratory failure, severe pneumonia (lung infection), pulmonary edema, failure of body organs, and even death. The incidence of Covid-19 infection in pregnancy is increasing, therefore pregnant women are extra careful in maintaining their pregnancy. This study aims to determine the prevalence of third trimester in pregnant women who confirmed by Covid-19 at the Mayong II Jepara Community Health Center. The research method used a descriptive study with a population of all pregnant women who were examined at the Mayong II Jepara Community Health Center in 2020. The research subjects were 80 respondent third trimester pregnant women during September-December 2020 by Polymerase Chain Reaction. The results showed that 80 respondents who carried out the PCR Swab, there were 7 respondentsÂ an average age of 20-28 years who were confirmed as Covid-19. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary for pregnant women to continued to carry out health protocols. Pregnant women who are confirmed Covid-19 are expected to carry out self isolation and if severe symptoms arise, they should contact medical physician. As a medical physician, they were to monitor pregnant women who have confirmed Covid-19 and giving treatment quicklyÂ in the event of complications related to pregnancy.
mRNA COVID-19 vaccine: A future hope for cancer treatment
Authors: Yadav Ajay Kumar , Gnawali Suman , Mandal Sandip , Shrestha Gyan Bahadur , Yuan Gangbiao 
Published: December 2021

Background: mRNA vaccines have a strong potential for a possible cancer therapy platform. They express tumor antigens in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) after immunization, facilitating innate/adaptive immune stimulation. Because of its high effectiveness, safe administration, rapid development potential, and cost-efficient manufacturing, the mRNA cancer vaccine surpasses other traditional vaccination platforms.
Conclusion: Careful evaluation of promising mRNA vaccines to supervise as carriers of lipids for cancer patients needs to be done. In addition, a possible revaluation for optimal protection is required. However, the extent to which solid tumours might take a significant part of the vaccine doses is still unknown.
Study of dynamic changes in the parameters of liver function tests in COVID-19 patients: A hospital-based study in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Mittal Ankush , Farooqui Mohammad Shamim 
Published: December 2021

Background: COVID-19 has become a focus of healthcare practitioners worldwide after it was declared as a global pandemic. Although SARS-CoV-2 is primarily affecting the respiratory system, numerous studies have documented its impact on other organ systems, including the liver. This study aims to assess liver function in COVID-19 patients in light of SARS-CoV-2's extremely infectious and pathogenic character.
Material and methods: It was a hospital-based retrospective study conducted between January 1, 2021, and July 31, 2021, using data from the Department of Biochemistry at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital in Nepal. Age, gender, total protein, albumin, AST, ALT, and the AST/ALT ratio were all measured.
Results: The median age of COVID-19 patients was 36 years (CI, 25–51), 60 patients (60.0%) were male, 31 patients (31.0%) were obese, and 20 patients (20%) had comorbidities, such as hypertension (14%) and diabetes mellitus (6.0 %). Compared to the non-critical group, the mean values of ALT, AST, ALP, GT, LDH, TBIL, and DBIL were significantly higher in the severe group. On the other hand, total protein and albumin were significantly lower in the severe group than the non-severe group.
Conclusion: In COVID-19, aberrant liver function, primarily AST increase, appears to be common. Therefore, direct viral hepatotoxicity during a systemic viral infection must be considered, as well as the possibility of sepsis or worsening of existing liver disease.
Joyce Carol Oates’s Carthage as a Modern Troilus and Cressida Story
Authors: Ruszkiewicz Dominika 
Published: December 2021

Both Geoffrey Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde and Joyce Carol Oates’s Carthage are set in times of war, the Trojan War and the Iraq War, respectively, and both are associated with love on the one hand, and loss on the other. In fact, Carthage contains many echoes of the past, with the main characters of the novel, Juliet and Cressida Mayfield, bringing connotations with Chaucer’s and Shakespeare’s works, their father compared to an old Roman general, and Corporal Brett Kincaid likened to the hero of chivalric romances. The aim of this article is to argue that Oates’s Carthage may be seen as a modern Troilus and Cressida story in that it presents aspects of medieval reality in a modern guise, with the most poignant and recurrent association being that between the “war on terror” and medieval crusades and the emotion dominating the characters’ reactions being rage, an emotion which occurs in relation to the fires of passion and war in Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde, Shakespeare’s Troilus and Cressida, and Joyce Carol Oates’s Carthage.
Gołąb Patricka Süskinda – próba interpretacji
Authors: Głuszko-Boczoń Estera 
Published: December 2021

Przedmiotem analizy niniejszego artykułu jest nowela Gołąb Patricka Süskinda. Bohaterem utworu jest podstarzały portier w banku, Jonathan Noel. Mężczyzna całe swoje życie podporządkował rygorowi pracy, dyscyplinie i rutynie, natomiast relacje społeczne ograniczył do minimum. Jednakże pewnego dnia jego przewidywalną egzystencję burzy pojawienie się gołębia na progu pokoju. Powoduje to serię fatalnych w skutkach zdarzeń. Reakcja protagonisty na gołębia zaskakuje i otwiera pole do psychologicznych rozważań nad naturą Jonathana. Ptak dezorganizuje jego życie zmuszając go tym samym do podjęcia nowych, ryzykownych działań, które odbiegają od jego przyzwyczajeń. W artykule podejmuję próbę przeanalizowania przyczyn fobii bohatera, jego wewnętrznego rozdarcia, które prowadzą również do całkowitej alienacji i wyobcowania. Istotnym aspektem moich rozważań jest zjawisko samotności, jak również próba odczytania metafory gołębia oraz jego funkcji w noweli.
Żresz jak świnia! Jedz jak człowiek! – czyli o niektórych stereotypach językowych dotyczących jedzenia
Authors: Gasz Agnieszka 
Published: December 2021

Jedzenie (odżywianie się) to czynność (życiowa) właściwa zarówno ludziom, jak i zwierzętom. Wyznacza więc ono pewien wspólny obszar łączący dwie różne perspektywy interdyscyplinarnych badań, określanych odpowiednio jako: food studies i animal studies. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest omówienie ważniejszych stereotypów językowych dotyczących jedzenia. Na podstawie analizy najczęściej używanych w polszczyźnie frazeologizmów zawierających komponenty jeść i żreć zostanie podjęta próba wykrycia podstawowych składników konotacyjnych ich znaczenia, a zarazem rekonstrukcji wyłaniającego się z nich obrazu jedzenia. W trakcie analizy zgromadzonego materiału językowego zostaną wykorzystane wybrane procedury badawcze wypracowane w obrębie semantyki kulturowej (elementy definicji kognitywnej, metafora pojęciowa, animalizacja).
Assessment of Knowledge and Healthcare Related Practices of Caregivers Regarding Home Management of Children with Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Madhushani J.S.S.  , Bandara W.V.R.T.D.G.  
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) is the commonest chronic glomerular disorder characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoproteinaemia, oedema and hyperlipidaemia. Parental motivation and involvement are essential for home management of a child with NS. This study was conducted to assess caregivers' knowledge and healthcare related practices regarding home management of children with NS. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among caregivers (n=94) attending the Paediatric Nephrology Clinic (PNC) at the Teaching Hospital Karapitiya, Sri Lanka. Data were collected through an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: The majority of the respondents (71.3%) were mothers. The majority of children with NS in the study sample were boys (70.2%), and their mean age was 7.6±3 years. About 40.4% of children had onset of disease at the age of 2-3 years. The majority of participants (53.2%) had scored more than 75 marks for knowledge. The practice score of the majority (66.0%) was between 50-100. The mean knowledge score was significantly higher in the participants who have managed their child with NS for 6-8 years (p=0.006) and for 9-11 years (p=0.019), compared to the participants who have managed their child with NS for 3-5 years. The mean knowledge score was significantly higher in the participants with the family history with NS in compared to the participants without family history of NS (p=0.001). A statistically significant association was found between mean practice score and the number of living children in the family (p=0.009). Mean practice score of the participants who had more than four living children was significantly higher than the participants who had two living children in their family (p=0.002). However, a significant negative correlation was observed between knowledge on NS and healthcare related practices of the participants (r= -0.240, n=94, p=0.020, 2-tailed). Conclusions: The overall knowledge and practices of parents/caregivers regarding home management of children with NS attending to the PNC, Teaching Hospital Karapitiya, Sri Lanka, was adequate and satisfactory.
Keywords: Home management, Paediatric, Nephrotic Syndrome, Knowledge, Practice
Surgical anatomy of minimally invasive lateral approaches to the thoracolumbar junction
Authors: Xu David S. , Walker Corey T. , Farber S. Harrison , Godzik Jakub , Gandhi Shashank V. , Koffie Robert M. , Turner Jay D. , Uribe Juan S. 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE
The thoracolumbar (TL) junction spanning T11 to L2 is difficult to access because of the convergence of multiple anatomical structures and tissue planes. Earlier studies have described different approaches and anatomical structures relevant to the TL junction. This anatomical study aims to build a conceptual framework for selecting and executing a minimally invasive lateral approach to the spine for interbody fusion at any level of the TL junction with appropriate adjustments for local anatomical variations.

METHODS
The authors reviewed anatomical dissections from 9 fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens as well as clinical case examples to denote key anatomical relationships and considerations for approach selection.

RESULTS
The retroperitoneal and retropleural spaces reside within the same extracoelomic cavity and are separated from each other by the lateral attachments of the diaphragm to the rib and the L1 transverse process. If the lateral diaphragmatic attachments are dissected and the diaphragm is retracted anteriorly, the retroperitoneal and retropleural spaces will be in direct continuity, allowing full access to the TL junction. The T12–L2 disc spaces can be reached by a conventional lateral retroperitoneal exposure with the rostral displacement of the 11th and 12th ribs. With caudally displaced ribs, or to expose T12–L1 disc spaces, the diaphragm can be freed from its lateral attachments to perform a retrodiaphragmatic approach. The T11–12 disc space can be accessed purely through a retropleural approach without significant mobilization of the diaphragm.

CONCLUSIONS
The entirety of the TL junction can be accessed through a minimally invasive extracoelomic approach, with or without manipulation of the diaphragm. Approach selection is determined by the region of interest, degree of diaphragmatic mobilization required, and rib anatomy.
Ivy sign: a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for pediatric moyamoya
Authors: Montaser Alaa S. , Lalgudi Srinivasan Harishchandra , Staffa Steven J. , Zurakowski David , Slingerland Anna L. , Orbach Darren B. , Hausman-Kedem Moran , Roth Jonathan , Smith Edward R. 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE
Ivy sign is a radiographic finding on FLAIR MRI sequences and is associated with slow cortical blood flow in moyamoya. Limited data exist on the utility of the ivy sign as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in pediatric patients, particularly outside of Asian populations. The authors aimed to investigate a modified grading scale with which to characterize the prevalence and extent of the ivy sign in children with moyamoya and evaluate its efficacy as a biomarker in predicting postoperative outcomes, including stroke risk.

METHODS
Pre- and postoperative clinical and radiographic data of all pediatric patients (21 years of age or younger) who underwent surgery for moyamoya disease or moyamoya syndrome at two major tertiary referral centers in the US and Israel, between July 2009 and August 2019, were retrospectively reviewed. Ivy sign scores were correlated to Suzuki stage, Matsushima grade, and postoperative stroke rate to quantify the diagnostic and prognostic utility of ivy sign.

RESULTS
A total of 171 hemispheres in 107 patients were included. The median age at the time of surgery was 9 years (range 3 months–21 years). The ivy sign was most frequently encountered in association with Suzuki stage III or IV disease in all vascular territories, including the anterior cerebral artery (53.7%), middle cerebral artery (56.3%), and posterior cerebral artery (47.5%) territories. Following surgical revascularization, 85% of hemispheres with Matsushima grade A demonstrated a concomitant, statistically significant reduction in ivy sign scores (OR 5.3, 95% CI 1.4–20.0; p = 0.013). Postoperatively, revascularized hemispheres that exhibited ivy sign score decreases had significantly lower rates of postoperative stroke (3.4%) compared with hemispheres that demonstrated no reversal of the ivy sign (16.1%) (OR 5.5, 95% CI 1.5–21.0; p = 0.008).

CONCLUSIONS
This is the largest study to date that focuses on the role of the ivy sign in pediatric moyamoya. These data demonstrate that the ivy sign was present in approximately half the pediatric patients with moyamoya with Suzuki stage III or IV disease, when blood flow was most unstable. The authors found that reversal of the ivy sign provided both radiographic and clinical utility as a prognostic biomarker postoperatively, given the statistically significant association with both better Matsushima grades and a fivefold reduction in postoperative stroke rates. These findings can help inform clinical decision-making, and they have particular value in the pediatric population, as the ability to minimize additional radiographic evaluations and tailor radiographic surveillance is requisite.
Risk factors for postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome in pediatric patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pettersson Samuel D. , Kitlinski Michael , Miękisiak Grzegorz , Ali Shan , Krakowiak Michał , Szmuda Tomasz 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE
A review article assessing all the risk factors reported in the literature for postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome (pCMS) among children remains absent. The authors sought to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate this issue.

METHODS
PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were queried to systematically extract potential references. The articles relating to pCMS were required to be written in the English language, involve pediatric patients (≤ 18 years of age), and provide extractable data, which included a comparison group of patients who did not develop pCMS. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data were pooled using RevMan 5.4, and publication bias was assessed by visual inspection for funnel plot asymmetry. The study protocol was registered through PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021256177).

RESULTS
Overall, 28 studies involving 2276 patients were included. Statistically significant risk factors identified from univariate analysis were brainstem invasion (OR 4.28, 95% CI 2.23–8.23; p < 0.0001), fourth ventricle invasion (OR 12.84, 95% CI 4.29–38.44; p < 0.00001), superior cerebellar peduncle invasion (OR 6.77, 95% CI 2.35–19.48; p = 0.0004), diagnosis of medulloblastoma (OR 3.26, 95% CI 1.93–5.52; p < 0.0001), medulloblastoma > 50 mm (OR 8.85, 95% CI 1.30–60.16; p = 0.03), left-handedness (OR 6.57, 95% CI 1.25–34.44; p = 0.03), and a vermis incision (OR 5.44, 95% CI 2.09–14.16; p = 0.0005). On the other hand, a tumor located in the cerebellar hemisphere (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.06–0.92; p = 0.04), cerebellar hemisphere compression (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.11–0.45; p < 0.0001), and intraoperative imaging (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.18–0.72; p = 0.004) reduced the risk of pCMS.

CONCLUSIONS
This study provides the largest and most reliable review of risk factors associated with pCMS. Although some risk factors may be dependent on one another, the data may be used by surgeons to better identify patients at risk for pCMS and for intervention planning.
Role of the parietooccipital fissure and its implications in the pathophysiology of posterior medial temporal gliomas
Authors: Shibahara Ichiyo , Saito Ryuta , Kanamori Masayuki , Sonoda Yukihiko , Sato Sumito , Hide Takuichiro , Tominaga Teiji , Kumabe Toshihiro 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE
The parietooccipital fissure is an anatomical landmark that divides the temporal, occipital, and parietal lobes. More than 40% of gliomas are located in these three lobes, and the temporal lobe is the most common location. The parietooccipital fissure is located just posterior to the medial temporal lobe, but little is known about the clinical significance of this fissure in gliomas. The authors investigated the anatomical correlations between the parietooccipital fissure and posterior medial temporal gliomas to reveal the radiological features and unique invasion patterns of these gliomas.

METHODS
The authors retrospectively reviewed records of all posterior medial temporal glioma patients treated at their institutions and examined the parietooccipital fissure. To clarify how the surrounding structures were invaded in each case, the authors categorized tumor invasion as being toward the parietal lobe, occipital lobe, isthmus of the cingulate gyrus, insula/basal ganglia, or splenium of the corpus callosum. DSI Studio was used to visualize the fiber tractography running through the posterior medial temporal lobe.

RESULTS
Twenty-four patients with posterior medial temporal gliomas were identified. All patients presented with a parietooccipital fissure as an uninterrupted straight sulcus and as the posterior border of the tumor. Invasion direction was toward the parietal lobe in 13 patients, the occipital lobe in 4 patients, the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus in 19 patients, the insula/basal ganglia in 3 patients, and the splenium of the corpus callosum in 8 patients. Although the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus and the occipital lobe are located just posterior to the posterior medial temporal lobe, there was a significantly greater preponderance of invasion toward the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus than toward the occipital lobe (p = 0.00030, McNemar test). Based on Schramm’s classification for the medial temporal tumors, 4 patients had type A and 20 patients had type D tumors. The parietooccipital fissure determined the posterior border of the tumors, resulting in a unique and identical radiological feature. Diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) tractography indicated that the fibers running through the posterior medial temporal lobe toward the occipital lobe had to detour laterally around the bottom of the parietooccipital fissure.

CONCLUSIONS
Posterior medial temporal gliomas present identical invasion patterns, resulting in unique radiological features that are strongly affected by the parietooccipital fissure. The parietooccipital fissure is a key anatomical landmark for understanding the complex infiltrating architecture of posterior medial temporal gliomas.