bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of intrascleral chestnut burr spines under ultrasound biomicroscopy guidance
Authors: Wang Mingling , Deng Wen , Li Jun , Cong Richang , Xiao Tianlin 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To explore the efficacy of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) as a tool for detecting and localizing intrascleral chestnut burr spines.

Methods:
Individuals who were diagnosed with definitive or suspected intrascleral chestnut burr injuries between 2019 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent UBM to detect potential intrascleral spines. UBM imaging features were recorded and analyzed. Intrascleral spines were removed based upon UBM-guided localization. Patient clinical profiles, management, and treatment outcomes were recorded.

Results:
A total of 10 eyes (10 patients; 6 males, 4 females) were diagnosed with intrascleral spines over the study period, with an average patient age of 55 years (range: 39–71). Three of these 10 eyes exhibited involvement of the palpebrae and cornea, whereas three exhibited corneal involvement, and the remaining four patients exhibited only intrascleral spine injuries owing to their having undergone previous intracorneal spine extraction procedures. UBM features consistent with chestnut burr spines manifest a hyperechoic spot with a shadow. UBM enabled the precise localization of these spines and thus ensured their successful removal via a single surgery. During follow-up, two patients experienced vitreous hemorrhage due to a penetrating injury into the ciliary body that was gradually absorbed. All patients with eye irritation and red eyes progressed favorably, and no surgical complications were recorded.

Conclusion:
A retained scleral chestnut burr spine should be suspected if a patient complains of persistent eye irritation following intracorneal spine removal. UBM may be a valuable tool for detecting spines retained in the sclera, enabling the successful removal thereof.
The impact of early intervention on a child with vision loss in infancy - A parental perspective
Authors: Kulkarni Sucheta K , Veer Amrapali B , Gaikwad Ashwini , Deshpande Madan 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To assess the impact of early intervention services provided to children with visual loss and to report how parents perceive them in terms of a child’s development and the family dynamics.

Methods:
A qualitative descriptive study was conducted on a purposively selected sample of 15 children with severe visual impairment, availing early intervention services at a tertiary care facility in Pune, Maharashtra. Data were collected by conducting in-depth interviews of the parents with the help of a semi-structured interview topic guide. Participants were asked in detail about how and whether various components of the early intervention program (EIP) had an impact on their child. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated into English, and the resultant textual data were analyzed using the qualitative research software NVIVO 12 to identify themes and sub-themes under each domain.

Results:
A total of 15 children were included in the study, with ages ranging from 13 months to 5 years. All the children included in the study suffered from severe visual impairment in infancy (Vision 3/60 – PL). In the course of this EIP, the majority of the children showed consistent progress in various aspects of child development. According to the parents, the most beneficial components of EIP were visual stimulation exercises, an improvised teaching methodology, and counseling services.

Conclusion:
Almost all the parents included in the study reported a positive change in the behavior and development of the child as well as improved family dynamics after implementation of EIP.
Association of near work and dim light with myopia among 1400 school children in a district in North India
Authors: Chhabra Sargam , Rathi Manisha , Sachdeva Sumit , Rustagi Inder Mohan , Soni Dixit , Dhania Sweety 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to determine the association of near work and dim light with myopia among school children in a district in North India.

Methods:
This study included a total of 1400 children of either sex studying in classes 5-10 in various schools of a district in North India, after taking consent from their guardians. Visual acuity was measured using Snellen’s chart. Myopes were called to our institute where wet retinoscopy was done and spectacles were prescribed.

Results:
There was a highly statistically significant correlation between myopia and increase in reading hours (P=0.001). There was a statistically significant correlation between myopia and >6hours of using mobile phones /week, more hours spent on using mobile phones correlated with an increased prevalence of myopia (P< 0.01). There was a statistically significant correlation between myopia and increasing hours of playing video games (P<0.01). We found a highly statistically significant positive correlation between the prevalence of myopia and reading in dim light (P=0.0006).

Conclusion:
There was a positive association between myopia and hours of doing near work. The prevalence of myopia increased with increased hours of doing near work (reading, playing video games and using mobile phones). The study showed a correlation between reading in dim light and myopia. Prevention of myopia may be possible by avoiding these risk factors.
Clinical profile and ophthalmological manifestations of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in adults at a tertiary care center in India: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Chavan Jonathan M , Joseph Mary 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
Our aim was to describe the clinical profile of patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), assess ophthalmological manifestations, and correlate grade of papilledema with optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure.

Methods:
This was a prospective cross-sectional study. Patients between 18 and 60 years, diagnosed with IIH using modified Dandy criteria were included. Demographic details, ocular symptoms and signs were noted and papilledema graded. Ocular investigations such as B-scan ONSD and perimetry findings were noted for analysis.

Results:
The study included 32 patients of mean age 35.25(±9.57) years with a predominantly female population (96.9%). Mean BMI was 28.12(±5.32) kg/m2. Common presenting complaint was headache (87.5%). The most common gynecological disorder was dysmenorrhea (15.6%). Vitamin D deficiency (46.9%) was a biochemical abnormality seen. Most patients had BCVA 6/6 (62.5%). Lateral rectus palsy was present in 12.5%. Papilledema was present in 81.3% eyes with 31.3% Grade I. There was visual field loss in 53.1%, with 20.3% Grade I. Mean CSF opening pressure was 376.3(±191.51) mmH2O. MRI showed empty sella (34.4%) and tortuous optic nerve (18.8%). MRV showed transverse sinus stenosis (52.4%) as common abnormality. There was significant correlation between grade of papilledema and B-scan ONSD. No correlation was seen between CSF opening pressure and ONSD, grade of papilledema and grade of visual field defect and CSF opening pressure with BMI.

Conclusion:
Clinical profile of patients with IIH was an overweight female of child-bearing age with headache. Visual field examinations are essential in management and follow-up. B-scan ONSD is useful to quantify raised ICP.
Gonioscopic angle evaluation and its correlation with graft survival and post-operative ocular hypertension in patients of Descemet’s stripping endothelial keratoplasty
Authors: Shakya Rakesh , Ahluwalia Navjot Singh , Shah Chintan , Mohan Amit , Parmar Gautam , Gupta Amit , Gupta Ramesh K C , Borde Prashant , Jain B K 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate the gonioscopic changes in patients receiving Descemet’s stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) without pre-existing ocular hypertension (OHT) and to report its correlation with post-surgery OHT, graft survival, and visual outcomes.

Methods:
Adult patients who underwent DSEK surgery from April 2014 to March 2018 with at least 2 years of follow-up were analyzed in this retrospective study. Demographic details, indication of DSEK, necessary anterior and posterior segment findings, and the post-DSEK OHT details were documented.

Results:
A total of 58 patients (23 males and 35 females) with a mean age of 61.44 ± 8.8 years were included in the study. The most common etiology for DSEK surgery was pseudophakic bullous keratopathy in 47 eyes (81.03%). A total of 22.41% (13/58) eyes showed elevated intra-ocular pressure (IOP) following DSEK surgery. The most common cause of IOP elevation was steroid-induced OHT in seven eyes (12.06%). Gonioscopy examination revealed areas of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) in 17 (29.3%) eyes. OHT was found in 4/17 (23.5%) eyes having PAS. Three of these cases required trabeculectomy + goniosynechiolysis (GSL), and the fourth case required GSL alone to control IOP. These four cases also required repeat DSEK for failed grafts. The mean pre-operative best corrected visual acuity was 1.62 logMAR (range 1.17–1.77), which gradually improved to 0.79 logMAR (range 0.3–1.77) after 2 years (p < 0.00001).

Conclusion:
PAS was found to be an important factor associated with post-DSEK ocular hypertension in our study. OHT in PAS cases required definitive surgical treatments to control IOP. It adversely affected the graft survival and in turn affected visual outcomes also.
Patterns of Haematological Malignancies on Bone Marrow Examination
Authors: Chandra Harish , Kunnumbrath Arathi , Bharati Vandana , Singh Neha , Nath Uttam Kumar , Gupta Arvind Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Aims and Objectives:
Haematological malignancy may show varied presentation in different regions of world, however, Uttarakhand lacks any recent data about them. The present study was therefore conducted to study the pattern of haematological malignancies on bone marrow examination in institute of Uttarakhand.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, over a period of 3 years. It included patients of haematological malignancies diagnosed on bone marrow examination. Patient's age, sex, clinical history and bone marrow diagnosis were noted for every case. All the data were entered into the excel sheet and statistically analysed.

Results:
The study included total 256 cases of haematological malignancies with male:female ratio of 1.13:1 and mean age of 39.3 years. Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm (CMPN) was the most common haematological malignancy (49%) with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) being its most common type (40%). All the haematological malignancies showed male preponderance except for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Mean age of CMPN was 45.81 years and of acute myeloid leukaemia was 36.92 years. Bone marrow aspirate (BMA) and trephine biopsy (BMT) together were able to diagnose 81.3% of cases of haematological malignancies.

Conclusion:
The study concludes that haematological malignancies present at lesser age with male preponderance in Uttarakhand. CML is the most common haematological malignancy followed by acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. BMA and BMT are complimentary to each other for diagnosis of haematological malignancies and should be used together to avoid missing of any case.
Evaluation of Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness Index among Women of Central India
Authors: Chandrakar Tripti , Verma Nirmal , Gupta Shubhra A. , Dhurandhar Diwakar 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Chhattisgarh is one of the worst performing states of India in terms of maternal mortality ratio figures. Slums carry the unfortunate burden of maximum maternal deaths. Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness(BPCR) advocates planning of birth and being ready for any obstetric complications.

Aim:
To evaluate the BPCR index among first and second trimester pregnant women and those delivered within 6 months living in urban slums of Raipur city.

Methods:
A population-based, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 160 pregnant and 70 recently delivered women residing in urban slums of Raipur city selected by multistage random sampling using an interview method. BPCR index was calculated using Johns Hopkins Program for International Education in Gynaecology and Obstetrics guidelines. BPCR components were correlated for any association with sociodemographic variables of the participants using Z test.

Results:
BPCR index came out to be 34.1%, which was very low. Factors associated with ≥4 antenatal care visits were general category women (P = 0.0375) and homemakers (P = 0.0057). Identifying skilled provider was higher in educated women (P = 0.0001), those with educated husbands (P = 0.0085), working (P = 0.0167) and with higher socioeconomic status (P = 0.0013). Saving money for childbirth was more among general category (P = 0.0067), educated (P = 0.0094) and women with low socioeconomic status (P = 0.0004).

Conclusions:
BPCR index of the study area was found to be very low.
Compact food bar improves cardiopulmonary function in men military athletes
Authors: Hadi Saeid , Amani Reza , Mazaheri Tehrani Mostafa , Hadi Vahid , Hejri Sudiyeh , Mirghazanfari Sayid Mahdi , Askari Gholamreza 
Published: August 2022

Background:
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of compact food bar (CFB) designed on cardiopulmonary function in men athletes who serve in military service.

Materials and Methods:
In this randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial, 46 men of military staff were arranged into 2 groups and studied for 28 days; one branch used 3 packs daily, 700 kcal each, of CFB with Functional compounds (Caffeine and L-arginine) and the other group used regular food during training course. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 Max) in vitro with cardiopulmonary exercise test, body composition, and physical activity were assessed and recorded at baseline and end of the study period.

Results:
VO2 Max (P = 0.05) significantly increased in CFB group compared with baseline. Moreover, VO2 Max (P = 0.01), VO2/HR (P = 0.04), oxygen uptake/heart rate (VO2/HR) (P = 0.03), and ventilation per minute/oxygen uptake (VE/VO2) (P = 0.03) significantly increased in CFB group compared with control group. In comparison, there was no significant difference in mean ventilation per minute/carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO2) (P = 0.41), ventilation per minute (VE) (P = 0.69), and breathing frequency (P = 0.056). No significant effect of CFB was found on weight, body mass index (P = 0.23), lean body mass (P = 0.91), and body fat mass (P = 0.91).

Conclusion:
Our results show that intervention with CFB is more effective than regular diet in improving cardiopulmonary function in men athletes who serve in military service.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Determinants of Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Working Mothers in Enugu
Authors: Onwuka Chidinma Ifechi 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
The practice of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has remained low despite its benefits. This is worsened when the woman has to combine breastfeeding with work in order to support her family.

Objective:
The objective was to determine the factors influencing EBF among working mothers in Enugu, South-eastern Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
This was a questionnaire-based study of 315 nursing mothers in postpartum period, attending the immunisation centres of the Institute of Child Health of both University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital and Enugu State University Teaching Hospital. The information obtained was analysed using SPSS version 22. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Although 82.5% (n = 260) of the respondents were aware of EBF recommendation, only 69% (n = 217) practised EBF. A majority of the mothers (87%) initiated breastfeeding within 1 h of delivery. Ninety-nine percent of the mothers did not have workplace facilities (such as breastfeeding rooms, nursery, refrigerator, and privacy) that support breastfeeding practice. The main reasons for not practising EBF were pressure of work (40.8%, n = 40/98) and medical conditions (32.7%, n = 32/98). Low parity (P = 0.018) and registration for antenatal care in the hospital (P = 0.009) were significantly associated with EBF.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of EBF among working mothers in Enugu South-Eastern Nigeria is still suboptimal; thus there is a need for policy change in order to remove or mitigate associated factors. A multi-institutional national survey on the determinants of EBF among working mothers across the six geopolitical zones of the country may be necessary.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Ankle Disorders in Adult Nigerians in Lagos
Authors: Idowu Bukunmi Michael , Afolabi Babalola Ishmael , Onigbinde Stephen Olaoluwa , Ogholoh Oghenetejiri Denise , Nwafor Nkem Nnenna 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to establish the frequency, distribution, and spectrum of abnormalities on ankle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in adult Nigerians.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective analysis of ankle MRI of 50 adult patients was conducted at a single health facility. All adult Nigerians with complete clinical data, MRI images, and radiologists’ reports were included. The clinical history and ankle MRI findings were recorded and analysed. The threshold for statistical significance was established at P≤0.05.

Results:
There were 50 subjects comprising 27 males (54%) and 23 females (46%) aged 25–66 years (mean age = 42.84 ± 9.63 years). The right ankle was evaluated in 27 subjects (54%), while the left ankle was studied in 23 (46%). There was a history of trauma in 40 subjects (80%; 27 right ankles and 13 left ankles). Ankle joint effusion was the most common abnormality—seen in 50% of all subjects and in 62.5% of those with antecedent trauma. Achilles tendinosis and Kager (pre-Achilles) fat pad oedema (8–12%), deltoid ligament tear (8%), and medial malleolar fracture (4%) were the other frequently detected pathologies. The other pathologies detected were posterior tibial tendinosis (2%), plantar fasciopathy (2%), and talar contusion (2%). Joint effusion was significantly more prevalent in post-traumatic ankles than in the non-traumatic ankles and in the right ankles than the left ankles. There was no significant difference in the frequency of ankle abnormalities between the male and female subjects and between subjects younger than and older than the mean age.

Conclusion:
Joint effusion, deltoid ligament tear, and Achilles tendinopathy were the prevalent derangements in evaluated ankle joints. Trauma was the main indication for ankle MRI in this study.
Ultrasonographic Study of the Effects of Essential Hypertension on the Luminal Diameter and Doppler Velocimetric Indices of the Abdominal Aorta in Adults
Authors: Adetokunbo John Oluwafemi , Ibitoye Bolanle Olubunmi , Akintomide Anthony Olubunmi , Idowu Bukunmi Michael 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
To investigate the effects of essential hypertension on the luminal diameter (caliber) and Doppler velocimetric indices of the abdominal aorta (AA) in adult patients with systemic hypertension.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective descriptive comparative study of 254 participants (127 with essential hypertension and 127 age/sex-matched controls). Their anthropometric parameters, fasting blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, and triplex sonography of the suprarenal and infrarenal abdominal aorta (Peak systolic velocity, PSV; End-diastolic velocity, EDV; Resistive Index, RI; and luminal diameter) were evaluated.

Results:
The mean age of the male subjects was 64.02 ± 10.02 years, while the mean age of the male controls was 63.14 ± 10.52 years (P > 0.05). The mean age of female subjects was 61.23 ± 10.09 years, while the mean age of the female controls was 61.76 ± 10.26 years (P > 0.05). The age group 60 – 69 years had the highest number of subjects and controls. The mean duration of hypertension in the subjects was 12.5 ± 5.2 years. The suprarenal and infrarenal abdominal aortic diameters (AAD) were higher in males than age-matched female counterparts. AAD increased with age mostly in hypertensive male subjects. PSV (in males) and RI (in both sexes) were elevated in hypertensive subjects compared to controls, while EDV (in both sexes) was significantly lower in subjects than controls. Multivariate linear regression showed that age and diastolic blood pressure were significant independent predictors for both suprarenal and infrarenal AADs.

Conclusion:
Systemic hypertension causes structural and hemodynamic changes in the abdominal aorta which are detectable on triplex sonography.
Comparative Study of the Umbilical Artery Doppler Indices of Healthy and Growth-Restricted Foetuses in Lagos
Authors: Adedo Abayomi Ayyuub , Arogundade Rasheed Ajani , Okunowo Adeyemi Adebola , Idowu Bukunmi Michael , Oduola-Owoo Latifat Tunrayo 
Published: August 2022

Aim of the Study:
This study compared the umbilical artery Doppler indices (UADI) in normal and foetal growth-restricted (FGR) foetuses to determine the relationship between the UADI and pregnancy outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
This was a case-control study that recruited one hundred and eighty pregnant women comprising 90 with FGR pregnancies and 90 with normal pregnancies. Foetal biometric parameters and UADI were measured in all the participants. The UADI and clinical outcomes (preterm delivery, birth weight, perinatal death, etc.) of the normal and FGR foetuses were compared.

Results:
The mean estimated foetal weights of the FGR pregnancies (subjects) and normal pregnancies (controls) were 2.76 ± 0.66 kg and 3.62 ± 0.37 kg, respectively (P < 0.0001). The mean APGAR score at 5 min was 6.93 ± 1.72 for subjects and 8.03 ± 0.94 for controls (P < 0.0001). Abnormal umbilical artery Doppler waveforms were detected: decreased end-diastolic flow in 25 (27.8%), absent end-diastolic in 7 (7.8%) and reversed end-diastolic flow in 4 (4.4%) of the FGR pregnancies. There were 74 (82.2%) preterm deliveries among the subjects, while only 7 (7.8%) of the controls had preterm deliveries. Six deaths (two perinatal and four neonatal deaths) were recorded among the subjects, while no death occurred among the controls.

Conclusion:
Foetuses with FGR showed significantly higher quantitative Doppler indices (increased RI, PI, SD ratio), and a higher prevalence of abnormal umbilical artery waveform pattern (qualitative) than the healthy foetuses (controls).
Diagnostic yield of CBNAAT in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Nishal N , Arjun P , Arjun Rajalakshmi , Ameer K. A. , Nair Sanjeev , Mohan Alladi 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB) accounts for 15%–53% of all TB cases. In recent years, cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) has emerged as an important diagnostic tool since the diagnostic yield is higher. We conducted this study to evaluate the diagnostic yield of CBNAAT in EPTB.

Methods:
One hundred and four patients with EPTB were included in the study. Samples were subjected to CBNAAT, AFB smear, culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and histopathology examination (HPE). Yield of each was estimated as compared to a composite reference standard (CRS).

Results:
The most common EPTB was lymph node TB (48.1%). CBNAAT was positive in 30.76% of EPTB cases. The highest yield was for bone and joint TB (35.7%), followed by lymph node TB (34%) and abdominal TB (33.3%). Taking CRS as the gold standard, sensitivity of CBNAAT was 32.3%, that of AFB culture was 33.3% and that of HPE was 87.2%.

Conclusion:
When taken as a single diagnostic tool, HPE had highest sensitivity in diagnosing EPTB when compared to CBNAAT and AFB culture. Use of CBNAAT alone for diagnosis of EPTB may result in missing the diagnosis. A combined modality incorporating CBNAAT, histopathology and AFB culture is the best approach for diagnosis of EPTB.