bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon isotopic constraints on the degradation and sequestration of organic matter in river‐influenced marginal sea sediments
Authors: Fu Wenjing , Xu Xiaomei , Druffel Ellen M. , Wang Xuchen , Sun Shuwen , Luo Chunle , Zhang Hongmei , Fan Di 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOrganic matter degradation and sequestration in marine sediments are important processes involved in carbon cycling in the ocean. Here, we present the results of carbon isotope (14C and 13C) and concentration measurements of sedimentary organic carbon (SOC), pore‐water dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in sediments collected from the East China Sea, Yellow/Bohai Sea, and South China Sea. Our results indicated that selective degradation and preservation of organic matter occurred in these sediments, and marine‐derived young organic carbon degraded preferentially and rapidly, resulting in high concentrations of pore‐water DOC and DIC with distinct carbon isotopic signatures. The average 14C age of pore‐water DOC was thousands of years younger than that of SOC in the sediment, suggesting that DOC was newly produced and cycled much faster than SOC. Aged SOC was refractory and preserved in sediments. Using a dual‐isotope three‐end‐member model, the contributions of potential sources to SOC, DOC, and DIC were estimated. Marine‐derived biomass organic carbon contributed the most to DOC, and dissolution of biogenic carbonate contributed the most to DIC. Riverine inputs of pre‐aged soil and fossil organic carbon dominated the SOC pool. Our study demonstrated that marginal sea sediments are important sites of young DOC and DIC fluxes into the water column, thus acting as a major pathway for carbon and nutrient cycling in the ocean.
Active element pattern measurement in a hybrid antenna array with heterodyne architecture and its application
Authors: Yang Liang , Xie Li , Li Shunli , Zhao Hongxin , Yin Xiaoxing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA measurement method of an active element antenna pattern in a hybrid antenna array with heterodyne architecture under a real environment is proposed and applied to the design of an ultralow sidelobe level scanning array. To avoid the phase uncertainty caused by the local oscillator signal in the heterodyne architecture, a phase‐normalized active element pattern (PNAEP) is used to characterize the element antenna patterns of both amplitude and phase. The PNAEP has almost taken account of all the practical factors of an array, such as mutual couplings, various types of element antennas, unequal spacing, or diverse environmental effects. The PNAEP is measured with a 16‐element scanning receiving array with a heterodyne architecture to validate the feasibility of the PNAEP. Based on the PNAEP, the scanning array achieve an ultralow sidelobe level of −33 dB. Applying to various receiving array architectures the PNAEP method is a feasible and universal tool for array synthesis and optimization under real environments.
3D MR fingerprinting using Seiffert spirals
Authors: Wyatt Cory R. , Guimaraes Alexander R. 
Published: March 2022

PurposeSeiffert spirals were recently explored as an efficient way to traverse 3D k‐space compared to traditional 3D techniques. Several studies have shown the ability of 3D MR fingerprinting (MRF) techniques to acquire T1 and T2 relaxation maps in a short period of time. However, these sequences do not sample across a large region of 3D k‐space every TR, especially in the way that Seiffert trajectories can.MethodsA 3D MRF sequence was designed using 8 Seiffert spirals rotated in 3D k‐space, with flip angle modulation for T1 and T2 sensitivity. The sequence was compared to an MRF sequence using a 2D spiral rotated in 3D k‐space using the tiny golden angle acquisition with similar resolution/readout duration. Both sequences were evaluated using simulations, phantom validation, and in vivo imaging.ResultsIn all experiments, the Seiffert spiral MRF sequence performed similar to if not better than the multi‐axis 2D spiral MRF sequence. Strong intraclass correlation coefficients (> 0.9) were found between conventional and MRF sequences in phantoms, whereas the in vivo results showed slightly less aliasing artifact with the Seiffert trajectory.ConclusionIn this study, Seiffert spirals were used within the MRF framework to acquire high‐resolution T1 and T2 relaxation time maps in less than 2.5 min. The reduced aliasing artifacts seen with the Seiffert sequence suggests that sampling over 3D k‐space evenly each TR can improve quantification or shorten scan times.
Assessment of Lewis‐Acidic Surface Sites Using Tetrahydrofuran as a Suitable and Smart Probe Molecule
Authors: Halawy Samih A. , Osman Ahmed I. , Abdelkader Adel , Nasr Mahmoud , Rooney David W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMeasuring the Lewis‐acidic surface sites in catalysis is problematic when the material‘s surface area is very low (SBET ≤1 m2 ⋅ g−1). For the first time, a quantitative assessment of total acidic surface sites of very small surface area catalysts (MoO3 as pure and mixed with 5–30 % CdO (wt/wt), as well as CdO for comparison) was performed using a smart new probe molecule, tetrahydrofuran (THF). The results were nearly identical compared to using another commonly used probe molecule, pyridine. This audition is based on the limited values of the surface area of these samples that likely require a relatively moderate basic molecule as THF with pKb=16.08, rather than strong basic molecules such as NH3 (pKb=4.75) or pyridine (pKb=8.77). We propose mechanisms for the interaction of vapour phase molecules of THF with the Lewis‐cationic Mo and Cd atoms of these catalysts. Besides, dehydration of isopropyl alcohol was used as a probe reaction to investigate the catalytic activity of these catalysts to further support our findings in the case of THF in a temperature range of 175–300 °C. A good agreement between the obtained data of sample MoO3‐10 % CdO, which is characterised by the highest surface area value, the population of Lewis‐acidic sites and % selectivity of propylene at all the applied reaction temperatures was found.
Obesity in children with acute promyelocytic leukemia: What is its prevalence and prognostic significance?
Authors: Laurie Kathryn L. , Lee Paul , Rademaker Alfred , Alonzo Todd A. , Wang Yi‐Cheng , Powell Bayard L. , Wu Diana , Larson Richard , Kutny Matthew , Gregory John , Hijiya Nobuko , Feusner James 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare outcomes of obese and nonobese pediatric patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) from the Cancer and Leukemia Group B trial (CALGB) 9710 and the Children's Oncology Group trial AAML0631.MethodsData including demographics, adverse events, overall and event‐free survival (EFS) were analyzed.ResultsThe prevalence of obesity was 34% on C9710 and 35% on AAML0631. There was significantly lower overall and EFS in the obese population on multivariable analysis on AAML0631 but not on CALGB 9710. Eleven patients died during therapy or in follow‐up.ConclusionThe prevalence of obesity is higher in pediatric patients with APL compared to the general population. The decreased EFS and OS in obese patients on AAML0631 suggest that the presence of obesity can influence outcomes using the most current treatment. These findings support the need for further research on the potential role of obesity in pediatric APL leukemogenesis.
Fatigue behavior and modeling of chopped carbon fiber reinforced sheet molding compound composites
Authors: Sun Xuze , Cui Haitao , Bao Zuguo , Huang Li , Huang Shiyao , Han Weijian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe quasi‐static and fatigue behavior of chopped carbon fiber reinforced sheet molding compound (SMC) composite was investigated. The microstructure of material was inspected by X‐ray Computerized Tomography (XCT) and the fiber orientation distribution was analyzed. Quasi‐static tensile test was performed on specimens with different gauge length to study the size effect on mechanical properties and digital image correlation system was applied to record the strain distribution. The fatigue behavior of material was evaluated under both tension‐tension (R = 0.1) and tension‐compression (R = −1) loadings, in which XCT scanned specimens were tested to characterize the microstructure at failure location. Interrupted fatigue test was performed to observe the damage evolution process on the side surface of specimen by optical microscope and the dominant fatigue failure modes were identified. A representative volume element based modeling methodology was modified and applied to establish the relationship between heterogenous microstructure and macroscopic mechanical behaviors. The simulation results show good consistency with experimental observations which demonstrates the effect of local fiber orientation on durability performance of material.
Association between pre‐admission anticoagulation and in‐hospital death, venous thromboembolism, and major bleeding among hospitalized COVID‐19 patients in Japan
Authors: Adomi Motohiko , Kuno Toshiki , Komiyama Jun , Taniguchi Yuta , Abe Toshikazu , Miyawaki Atsushi , Imai Shinobu , Morita Kojiro , Saito Makoto , Ohbe Hiroyuki , Kamio Tadashi , Tamiya Nanako , Iwagami Masao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeThe coagulation activation leads to thrombotic complications such as venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19). Prophylactic anticoagulation therapy has been recommended for hospitalized COVID‐19 patients in clinical guidelines. This retrospective cohort study aimed to examine the association between pre‐admission anticoagulation treatment and three outcomes: in‐hospital death, VTE, and major bleeding among hospitalized COVID‐19 patients in Japan.MethodsUsing a large‐scale claims database built by the Medical Data Vision Co. in Japan, we identified patients hospitalized for COVID‐19 who had outpatient prescription data at least once within 3 months before being hospitalized. Exposure was set as pre‐admission anticoagulation treatment (direct oral anticoagulant or vitamin K antagonist), and outcomes were in‐hospital death, VTE, and major bleeding. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses, adjusting for a single summarized score (a propensity score of receiving pre‐admission anticoagulation) for VTE and major bleeding, due to the small number of outcomes.ResultsAmong the 2612 analytic patients, 179 (6.9%) had pre‐admission anticoagulation. Crude incidence proportions were 13.4% versus 8.5% for in‐hospital death, 0.56% versus 0.58% for VTE, and 2.2% versus 1.1% for major bleeding among patients with and without pre‐admission anticoagulation, respectively. Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.25 (0.75–2.08) for in‐hospital death, 0.21 (0.02–1.97) for VTE, and 2.63 (0.80–8.65) for major bleeding. Several sensitivity analyses did not change the results.ConclusionsWe found no evidence that pre‐admission anticoagulation treatment was associated with in‐hospital death. However, a larger sample size may be needed to conclude its effect on VTE and major bleeding.
The effects of heteroatom substituents on structure, stability, and electronic properties of remote N‐heterocyclic germylenes (rNHGes), at DFT
Authors: Cao Yan , Poor Heravi Mohammad Reza , Habibzadeh Sepideh , Ebadi Abdol Ghaffar , Shoaei Seyed Mohammad , Vessally Esmail 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this theoretical research, we have investigated the substituent effect of singlet (s) and triplet (t) rNHGes with the fused various aromatic rings, at (U)B3LYP/AUG‐cc‐pVTZ and (U)M06‐2X/AUG‐cc‐pVTZ. All singlet and triplet rNHGes appear as minima and every singlet germylene displays more thermodynamic stability and more kinetic stability than its corresponding triplet state. Regarding to the relationship among germylenic center (—:GeC— moiety) and the substituted NH, PH, O, and S—heteroatoms, the order of thermodynamic stability based on singlet (s)–triplet (t) energy difference (ΔΕs‐t) and kinetic stability based on band gap (ΔΕHOMO‐LUMO) for the fused rings is ortho‐pyrrole > furan > thiophene > benzene > phosphole in a “zigzag” arrangement. Except for phosphole, every ortho‐heterocycle ring in a “zigzag” arrangement stabilizes rNHGe more than para‐heterocycle ring in a “chair” arrangement. Every triplet rNHGe shows lower frequency, lower polarity, higher nucleophilicity, lower electrophilicity and lower chemical hardness than the corresponding singlet rNHGe. The resonance effect and aromaticity character of the scrutinized rNHGes appears considerably dependent on the electronegativity, size, and topology of the substituted heteroatoms in the fused rings.
Combustion Behavior of the Inorganic Nitrates‐Based Compositions. Part II: Effect of Al and Al‐Mg Alloy on Burning Rate
Authors: Denisyuk Anatoly P. , Duy Tuan Nguyen , Sizov Vladimir A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe influence of metallic fuel (aluminum and aluminum‐magnesium alloy) on the burning rate of compositions based on inorganic nitrates (KNO3, NaNO3, CsNO3, Ba(NO3)2, Sr(NO3)2) was studied in a wide range of pressure (0.1–18 MPa). Samples have the same binder and differ in basic burning rate and flame temperature. Calculated flame temperature greatly depends on the Al and Al−Mg amount. The effect of metallic fuel on the burning rate of basic samples is complex. It depends not only on the properties of metals but also on the influence of cation nitrate on the burning rate of the basic sample and pressure combustion. Al and Al−Mg alloy have a different effect on the burning rate of the base samples. The efficiency of the metal on the combustion of base compositions is higher for low burning rate samples and samples with an increased oxidizer excess ratio. The lowest positive metal efficiency on the burning rate is observed for the fast‐burning KNO3 and CsNO3‐based compositions. At low pressure, Al−Mg alloy has a more significant effect than Al on the burning rate of the base samples. A slight increase in the burning rate for fast‐burning basic compositions is observed with the addition of a small amount of Al at atmospheric pressure. With a further rise of Al amount in the composition, the burning rate of the metalized sample becomes lower than the basic sample. With pressure growth, the metal effect on the burning rate increases due to a proportional change in the density of the resulting combustion products. As a result, metal combustion was more complete in the zone affecting the increase of burning rate.
Tumorigenic transformation of human prostatic epithelial cell line RWPE‐1 by growth hormone‐releasing hormone (GHRH)
Authors: Muñoz‐Moreno Laura , Carmena M. José , Prieto Juan C. , Schally Andrew V. , Bajo Ana M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundGrowth hormone‐releasing hormone (GHRH) and its receptors have been implicated in the progression of various tumors. In this study, we analyzed the carcinogenetic potential of exposure to GHRH of a nontumor human prostate epithelial cell line (RWPE‐1) as well as its transforming effect in a xenograft model.MethodsWe performed cell viability, cell proliferation, adhesion and migration assays. In addition, metalloprotease (MMP)−2 activity by means gelatin zymography, GHRH‐R subcellular location using confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels by enzyme‐linked immunoassay were assessed. Besides, we developed an in vivo model in order vivo model to determine the role of GHRH on tumorigenic transformation of RWPE‐1 cells.ResultsIn cell cultures, we observed development of a migratory phenotype consistent with the gelatinolytic activity of MMP‐2, expression of VEGF, as well as E‐cadherin‐mediated cell‐cell adhesion and increased cell motility. Treatment with 0.1 µM GHRH for 24 h significantly increased cell viability and cell proliferation. Similar effects of GHRH were seen in RWPE‐1 tumors developed by subcutaneous injection of GHRH‐treated cells in athymic nude mice, 49 days after inoculation.ConclusionsThus, GHRH appears to act as a cytokine in the transformation of RWPE‐1 cells by mechanisms that likely involve epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, thus reinforcing the role of GHRH in tumorigenesis of prostate.
A Direct and Divergent Entrance to Aza Heterocycles On 3‐Amino Carbazole
Authors: Murali Karunanidhi , Prasad Karnam Jayarampillai Rajendra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe product‐switchable reagent‐controlled construction of 1,4‐Dihydropyridines and stereo‐structured amino dienes decorated with carbazole moieties have been realized via coupling of 3‐amino‐9‐ethylcarbazole with benzaldehyde and methyl propiolate. Highly functionalized pyrido[3,2‐b]carbazoles have been concisely synthesized in good yields via Et3N promoted single‐pot assembly of 3‐amino‐9‐ethylcarbazole with aryl/heteroaryl aldehydes and α‐aryl‐3‐oxopropanenitrile. The structures of the synthesized products were confirmed by spectral data and elemental analysis.
Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Effect of Daucus carota in Cervical Cancer Cells: An In Vitro Approach
Authors: Zaib Sumera , Virk Urooj Y. , Wattoo Javed I. , Shah Hamid S. , Awwad Nasser S. , Ibrahium Hala A. , Khan Imtiaz 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women. Synthetic chemotherapeutic drugs such as bevacizumab have been employed for the treatment of cervical cancer, however, due to the associated side effects of bevacizumab, it has been substituted for plants with anticancer activities. Therefore, organic agricultural plants with anticancer activity have gained significant attention and emerged as a main area of research. Daucus carota (carrots) have phytochemicals that exhibit remarkable anticancer properties (antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects). We herein report the extraction of phytochemicals from D. carota. The characterization was performed using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The inhibitory concentration at 50 % (IC50) of phytochemicals was assessed by sulforhodamine B assay utilizing HeLa cells and found 1.94 μg/mL. These cell lines were treated with varying concentration of phytochemicals (1.98 (1X IC50) and 3.88 μg/mL (2X IC50)) and were stained with 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) and propidium iodide (PI) dyes. Moreover, activation of caspase‐3 assay, changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, production of lactate dehydrogenase and reactive oxygen species, investigation of DNA damage by comet assay and cell cycle assessment by flow cytometry were accomplished. The results demonstrated that these phytochemicals led to apoptosis, cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation, triggered antiproliferative and proapoptotic potential on HeLa cell lines.
Supramolecular Salts of Fe(II)/Co(II)/Ni(II)/Cu(II)/Zn(II) 1,10‐Phenanthroline Cations and Similar Complex Tartratostannate(IV) Anions: From Structural Features to Antimicrobial Activity and Enzyme Activation
Authors: Afanasenko Eleonora , Seifullina Inna , Martsinko Elena , Konup Ludmila , Fizer Maksym , Gudzenko Olena , Borzova Nataliya 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the present study authors establish the influence of complex cation on the structure formation, crystal packing, antimicrobial activity and enzyme activation of the previously described isostructural [M(phen)3]2[Sn2(μ‐Tart)2(H2Tart)2] complexes (M(II)=Fe(1), Co(2), Ni(3), Cu(4), Zn(5)). Despite the similarity of composition and structure, compounds 1–5 showed different level of antimicrobial activity. A certain pattern in their effectiveness – decreasing of minimal concentrations, resembles the Irving‐Williams series (Fe(II) < Co(II) < Ni(II) < Cu(II) > Zn(II)) and, according to the crystal field theory, correlates with the thermodynamic stability of octahedral cations [M(phen)3]2+. Quantum chemical calculations of cations revealed the insights of the “cations‐cell membranes” interactions and allowed authors to conclude that the cations in compounds 4 and 5 are the most lipophilic, have the highest affinity to the lipophilic cell membrane and, as a result, are more bioactive. It was established that compounds 1–5 had a different influence on the activity of studied α‐L‐rhamnosidases Penicillium tardum ІMB F‐100074 and Penicillium restrictum ІMB F‐100139. Correlation of these results with the crystal voids calculations and Hirshfeld surface analysis allow authors to suggest that presence of the bigger number of water molecules, generation of the branched network of hydrogen bonds and formation of active intermediate complex “enzyme – effector – substrate”, leads to the biggest intensification of activation properties for the compounds 2 and 5.
Unveiling Role of Metals in Mononuclear Metal‐Complexes for Chemodosimetric Detection of S2− from aqueous medium: Experimental and DFT Corroboration with Real‐Field Application
Authors: Pandit Nithun Ranjan , Bej Sourav , Banerjee Priyabrata , Biswas Biplab 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHerein, we have reported two isostructural mononuclear metal complexes [M(HL)2(ClO4)2], wherein, M= Co2+ (viz. SN‐1) and Ni2+ (viz. SN‐2) and HL is NNO donor Schiff‐base ligand i. e. ((E)‐2‐methyl‐2‐((pyridin‐2‐ylmethylene)amino)propan‐1‐ol) for unveiling as molecular sensor for S2− (sulphide) like hazardous entity. The molecular probes have been characterized by SCXRD, 1H‐NMR, FT‐IR, HRMS etc. X‐ray diffraction studies confirm the mono‐nuclear structures of both the complexes. Interestingly, SN‐1 exhibited remarkable sensitivity towards S2− by naked eye colour change in purely aqueous medium with detection limit of 33.5 nM and binding constant of 11.05 × 108 M−1 while the SN‐2 didn't show any subtle chromogenic changes upon interaction with the targeted analyte. Judicious choice of metal centre plays a pivotal role for such discriminative interacting behaviour. Spectroscopic and DFT studies shed light on the mechanistic pathway of host‐guest interaction, indicating a S2− mediated chemodosimetric approach following HSAB principle. Impressively, the SN‐1 has also been explored towards fabrication of test strips for on‐field detection of H2S/S2− via. “Dip‐Stick” approaches. In a nutshell, the presently developed simple mono‐nuclear metal complex can be utilised for detecting gasotransmitter like H2S/S2− from purely aqueous medium that may be helpful in fabricating “point‐of‐care” devices in coming days for better understanding of H2S as a key role maker in various health related issues.
Application of Cyclohexane‐1,3‐diones in the Synthesis of Six‐Membered Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles
Authors: Sharma Dharminder , Kumar Manish , Kumar Sandeep , Basu Amartya , Bhattacherjee Dhananjay , Chaudhary Abha , Das Pralay 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCyclohexane‐1,3‐dione and its derivatives are imperative precursors in synthetic organic chemistry as they are useful intermediates for the synthesis of a wide range of biologically active natural products, heterocycles and pharmaceuticals. Recently, cyclohexane‐1,3‐diones have been used for the synthesis of varied array of six‐membered nitrogen‐containing heterocycles in the presence of aldehydes, acetoacetic esters, malononitrile, chalcones, coumarins, acetophenones, amino acids, amines, etc. under catalytic and non‐catalytic conditions. Newest studies on the importance of these heterocycles motivated us to compile all the recently developed processes which include the fabrication of six‐membered nitrogen heterocycles. This article is mainly focused on the efficient synthesis of six‐membered N‐heterocycles i. e. 1,4‐dihydropyridine, acridine‐1,8‐diones, benzoacridinones, quinolones and pyridine derivatives from cyclohexane‐1,3‐diones as one of the substrates, published for the last ten years.