bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Satisfaction of Students with the Learning Methods Used During the Coronavirus Pandemic in Saudi Universities
Authors: Alyahya Khaleel I. , Ibrahim El Fouhil Ahmed Fathalla 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:
The aim was to assess Saudi students' satisfaction with two methods of lecture delivery used during coronavirus pandemic, namely live online sessions (LOS) and recorded online lectures (ROL), and students' perspectives regarding distance and traditional education.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 600 Saudi students from 22 Saudi universities during December 2020. A questionnaire, formed of both multiple choices and open-ended questions, was designed at the Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and distributed via social media applications. Collected data were statistically analyzed.

Results:
Participants were satisfied with both methods and recommended to implement both of them. They had better outcomes with ROL, felt it more appropriate for preparation for exams, and for enhancement of focus ability. Students of health and sciences colleges had more preference of LOS regarding satisfaction and implementation, and of ROL for preparation for examinations and enhancement of focus ability. Students of humanities colleges preferred ROL in all aspects. Being time saving and giving more flexibility for learners, students suggested implementation of distance learning for selected theoretical courses. Using better technologies for communication and training teachers and students on ways to use educational programs is recommended. Traditional practical classes should be small, more interactive, recorded, and available on website.

Conclusion:
Students were satisfied with both methods with more preference of one of them in some aspects and suggested continuous innovation in learning.
Detailed Demographics and the Prevalence of Comorbidities in Ovarian Cancer Patients in Western Region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aga Syed Sameer , Jaha Refal , Khan Rawaa , Junaydi Dhiyaa , Hakami Alqassem Y. , Khan Muhammad Anwar , Alsaab Hashem 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:
The study was carried out to report the descriptive demographics, comorbidities, and adverse effects in women with ovarian cancer attending the King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:
The current retrospective study was conducted at King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences between the months of July and August 2021. The study sample included all the patients that had been admitted in the Princess Noorah Oncology Center in KAMC and fulfilling the two inclusion criteria (a) age not <18 and (b) confirmed histological or cytological diagnosis as per the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics guidelines. A comprehensive review of the charts was conducted by a team of researchers for the extraction of data which included detailed demographics, tumor characteristics, comorbidities, and adverse effects.

Results:
A total of 119 ovarian cancer patients were identified, out of which 90 were included in the analysis. Most of the patients were aged above 40 years. A total of 67 of 90 (74.44%) tumors were of higher stage (II+IV) and 54 of 90 (60.0%) were located bilaterally. Among the comorbidities, we found that diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, asthma, and hypothyroidism were the top five ones. Furthermore, most of the patients (82.1%) underwent a surgical intervention for the primary treatment of the tumor. The top adverse effect of the chemotherapy was the gastrointestinal ones (40.3%), followed by renal and metabolic disorders.

Conclusions:
Patients with ovarian cancer were of higher age and with advanced stage of the disease contrary to the reported trends in world literature. Almost all reported with one of more of the comorbidities and majority had surgical intervention as first line of treatment.
Self-Perception of Dental Esthetics, Malocclusion, and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Among 13–15-Year-Old Schoolchildren in Bengaluru
Authors: James Jesline Merly , Puranik Manjunath P. , Sowmya K. R 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Malocclusion is one of the common public health problems worldwide. The study aimed to assess the self-perception of dental esthetics, malocclusion, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and to determine the relation between them among 13–15-year-old schoolchildren in Bengaluru.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 540 children were selected equally from government, aided, and private schools in Bengaluru. Self-perception of dental esthetics was measured using Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale (OASIS), whereas malocclusion and OHRQoL were assessed using Dental Aesthetic Index and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), respectively. Descriptive and analytical statistics was done using the SPSS 22. Analysis of variance, Kruskal[FIGURE DASH]Wallis test, and Pearson correlation test were used. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The prevalence of malocclusion was found to be 29.63%. Among schoolchildren, the mean OASIS scores (self-perception) and OHIP-14 scores were 14.62 ± 6.93 and 9.04 ± 8.07, respectively. There was a significant difference among government, aided, and private schoolchildren regarding “definite malocclusion” and mean OHIP scores. Overall, there was a significant weak correlation between the severity of malocclusion and OHIP scores ([r = 0.259], [P = 0.01]) as well as between the severity of malocclusion and OASIS scores ([r = 0. 192], [P = 0.02]).

Conclusion:
The severity of malocclusion significantly correlated with self-perception of dental esthetics and OHRQoL among schoolchildren. Hence, there is a relation between self-perception of dental esthetics and malocclusion as well as malocclusion and OHRQoL.
Parental Perceptions, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Their Children's Oral Health in Kerala, India – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Latti Pooja , Ramesan Deepa , Ramanarayanan Subramaniam 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Oral diseases in children, if left untreated can frequently lead to significant pain, interference with talking, eating, loss of school hours, and general health problems. Parents have an important role to play in the initiation and reinforcement of oral health-related behaviors for preventing and controlling oral diseases. Parental attitudes and perceptions have a direct influence on their children's oral health. The survey was conducted to investigate the parental perceptions, attitudes, and practices regarding their child's oral health.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted among parents of primary school students (two government and two private) in Paravur town of Ernakulam district, Kerala. Data collection was done during the Parents–Teachers Association meeting. The prevalidated questionnaire, translated into local language Malayalam, consisted of 12 questions assessing the parental attitude and practice toward oral health and dental treatment. The data were tabulated and analyzed with Chi-square test.

Results:
The final sample comprised 414 parents; 105 men and 309 women. Less than 30% of the participants had taken their child for a dental visit in the past year. Over 43% had visited the dentist for treatment of decayed teeth. More than 53% of the parents reported that their children brushed their teeth twice daily. More than 93% agreed to supervise their child's brushing. About 30% of the parents are willing for routine dental checkups for their children more than three times a year. About 30% select the toothpaste and toothbrush as per recommendations from the dentist. Over 78% considered consulting a dentist as the first response to a dental complaint of the child.

Conclusions:
The study showed a positive attitude and perception of parents regarding the oral health of children in terms of money, time, and dental clinic visits.
Coronavirus disease 2019 in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Alhazmi Abdulaziz , Moafa Wesam Ali , Madkhali Jalal , Saifain Othman , Alyahyawi Faizah , Adhabi Ons , Alharbi Ahmad Ali 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:
To assess the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection among sickle cell disease (SCD) patients in Jazan region and to determine the impact of COVID-19 on the SCD population.

Methods:
This was an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study using a self-administrated questionnaire directed to SCD patients in Jazan to assess the prevalence of COVID-19. The data were analyzed using a t-test and Chi-square test.

Results:
A total of 188 responses were received and only 96 SCD patients were included (mean age is 24 years). About half of the study samples (53%) of the study population were male. About 11% of patients with SCD were diagnosed with COVID-19. Vaso-occlusive crisis was reported in 73% and a single patient presented with acute chest syndrome. About three-fourths of patients (73%) were admitted to the hospital and most of them experienced mild symptoms and one patient was treated in the intensive care unit.

Conclusion:
SCD patients are at risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the absence of comorbidities, patients with SCD are not at increased risk of COVID-19 mortality, but a higher admission rate is reported. SCD patients with COVID-19 may have a milder clinical course, compared to other populations with comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension, and this may be due to proinflammatory adaptation of the immune system. Larger studies including epidemiological and molecular details are needed to enhance our understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 could affect patients with SCD.
A Comparative Histological Analysis of Human Pulp Following Direct Pulp Capping with Propolis or Biodentine
Authors: Ahmad Nehad A , Gad Nevin A. , Abdulmonaem Marwa H. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Pulp exposure in permanent teeth conventionally has been treated with calcium hydroxide pulp capping. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histological finding of healthy human pulp tissue after pulp capping using new materials, Biodentine (BD) and Propolis (Pr).

Materials and Methods:
Forty intact human premolars scheduled for extraction for orthodontic reasons were mechanically exposed. Teeth were divided into four groups of ten teeth each and capped with Pr and BD. The final restoration was done with glass ionomer restorative material. The teeth were then extracted on the 15th or the 45th day and subjected to processing for histological evaluation by an image analysis software.

Results:
Differences in inflammatory response and dentine bridge formation of the exposed pulp to the different materials. The BD group, at all evaluation periods, exhibited a thick newly formed reparative bridge of dentin that totally obliterating the site of exposure. At the exposure site, cell inclusions and mineralization, variable numbers of odontoblast-like cells, preserved pulp tissue, marked numerous collagen fibers, and blood vessels, were observed. On the other hand, the Pr group did not show any presence of dentin bridge or calcified material and intermediate to acute inflammation after the 15th day. On the 45th day, Pr showed an entire newly formed bridge of reparative dentin tissue, complete pulp degeneration with multiple edematous spaces, hyperemic blood vessels, vacuolated odontoblasts, extravasated red blood cells, multiple mineralized structures dispersed just underneath the dentin bridge and through the pulp tissue, and newly ill-defined odontoblasts.

Conclusion:
For pulp capping, BD has a better dentin bridge formation and pulp preservation than pr in the human teeth.
Relationship between untreated obstructive sleep apnea and breath hydrogen and methane after glucose load
Authors: Kim Dae Bum , Park Chan-Soon , Paik Chang Nyol , Kang Yun Jin , Jo Ik Hyun , Lee Ji Min 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Patients with sleep disturbances have gastrointestinal symptoms. Breath hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4) indicating small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) might be related with these symptoms. The study was conducted to assess the link between breath profiles and untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods:
This prospective study enrolled consecutive patients with OSA using polysomnography. Heart rate variability (HRV) was used as a measurement for the balance of autonomic nervous system during polysomnography. Glucose breath test (GBT) to evaluate breath H2 and CH4 and bowel symptom questionnaire to investigate associated intestinal symptoms were performed.

Results:
Among 52 patients with OSA, 16 (30.8%) showed positivity to GBT. Although no significant difference was shown in GBT positivity between patients with healthy controls and patients with OSA (13.3% vs 30.8%, P = 0.109), breath H2 and CH4 levels in the OSA group were significantly higher than those in controls (P < 0.05). Flatulence was significantly common in OSA groups with GBT positivity than those without GBT positivity. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that waist-to-hip ratio (odds ratio = 12.889; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.257–132.200; P = 0.031) and low-to-high-frequency ratio of HRV (odds ratio = 1.476; 95% CI: 1.013–2.151, P = 0.042) are independently related to GBT positivity in patients with OSA.

Conclusion:
Elevated breath H2 or CH4 after glucose load might not be an uncommon finding in patients with untreated OSA. Abdominal obesity and autonomic imbalance dysfunction are significantly associated with GBT positivity in OSA patients. SIBO could be considered as target for therapeutic management in OSA patients.
Convolutional neural network-based artificial intelligence for the diagnosis of early esophageal cancer based on endoscopic images
Authors: Ma Hongbiao , Wang Longlun , Chen Yilin , Tian Lu 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Early screening and treatment of esophageal cancer (EC) is particularly important for the survival and prognosis of patients. However, early EC is difficult to diagnose by a routine endoscopic examination. Therefore, convolutional neural network (CNN)-based artificial intelligence (AI) has become a very promising method in the diagnosis of early EC using endoscopic images. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of CNN-based AI for detecting early EC based on endoscopic images.

Methods:
A comprehensive search was performed to identify relevant English articles concerning CNN-based AI in the diagnosis of early EC based on endoscopic images (from the date of database establishment to April 2022). The pooled sensitivity (SEN), pooled specificity (SPE), positive likelihood ratio (LR+), negative likelihood ratio (LR−), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve, and area under the curve (AUC) for the accuracy of CNN-based AI in the diagnosis of early EC based on endoscopic images were calculated. We used the I
2 test to assess heterogeneity and investigated the source of heterogeneity by performing meta-regression analysis. Publication bias was assessed using Deeks' funnel plot asymmetry test.

Results:
Seven studies met the eligibility criteria. The SEN and SPE were 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82–0.94) and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.79–0.96), respectively. The LR+ of the malignant ultrasonic features was 9.8 (95% CI: 3.8–24.8) and the LR− was 0.11 (95% CI: 0.06–0.21), revealing that CNN-based AI exhibited an excellent ability to confirm or exclude early EC on endoscopic images. Additionally, SROC curves showed that the AUC of the CNN-based AI in the diagnosis of early EC based on endoscopic images was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93–0.97), demonstrating that CNN-based AI has good diagnostic value for early EC based on endoscopic images.

Conclusions:
Based on our meta-analysis, CNN-based AI is an excellent diagnostic tool with high sensitivity, specificity, and AUC in the diagnosis of early EC based on endoscopic images.
INDICE DE RESPIRACION RAPIDA SUPERFICIAL DIAFRAGMATICA COMO PREDICTOR WEANING DE LA VENTILACION MECANICA
Authors: Plua Tigua Gonzalo Javier , Andrade Andreina Lisette , Yánez Menéndez Danesha Nicole , Yagual Lucas Gonzalo Mauricio 
Published: July 2022

Introducción: El destete de la ventilación mecánica (VM) es un paso clave para los pacientes sometidos a VM invasiva en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Entre las diversas herramientas destinadas a ayudar a predecir el fracaso sucesor del destete, encontramos el índice rápido de respiración superficial (RSBI por sus siglas en inglés), es decir, la relación entre la frecuencia respiratoria y el volumen corriente (Fr/Vt) medido durante una prueba de respiración espontánea (SBT por sus siglas en inglés). Objetivo: Describir el índice de respiración superficial diagramática como predictor Weaning de la ventilación mecánica. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de revisión, de tipo monográfico. Apoyado en artículos científicos, publicados en diferentes revistas indexzada en índices reconocidos. Resultado: Durante un SBT, el valor de RSBI parece ser paralelo a la evolución de la fatiga de los músculos respiratorios. Por lo tanto, se considera que el RSBI refleja la carga inspiratoria, siendo la disminución del volumen tidal junto con el aumento de frecuencia respiratoria indicativo de posible debilidad o fatiga de los músculos inspiratorios, u otros efectos fisiológicos. Conclusión: Entre los pacientes ventilados en la UCI, una alteración multifactorial del diafragma es común y puede resultar en falla del destete y prolongación de la VM invasiva; por lo tanto, evaluar la función del diafragma es un medio útil para evaluar la capacidad del paciente para tolerar la respiración espontánea.

SUMMARYIntroduction: Weaning from mechanical ventilation (MV) is a key step for patients undergoing invasive MV in the intensive care unit (ICU). Among the various tools intended to help predict successor failure weaning, we found the rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI for its acronym in English), that is, the relationship between the respiratory rate and the volume current (Fr/Vt) measured during a spontaneous breathing test (SBT by its acronym in English). Objective: To describe the rate of shallow breathing Diagrammatic as a Weaning predictor of mechanical ventilation. Materials and methods: Review study, monographic type. supported by articles scientific, published in different magazines indexed in recognized indices. Result: During an SBT, the RSBI value appears to be parallel to the evolution of respiratory muscle fatigue. Therefore, it is considered that the RSBI reflects the inspiratory load, being the decrease in tidal volume together with the increased respiratory rate indicative of possible weakness or fatigue of the inspiratory muscles, or other physiological effects. Conclusion: Among the patients ventilated in the ICU, a multifactorial alteration of the diaphragm is common and can result in weaning failure and prolongation of invasive MV; by Therefore, assessing diaphragm function is a useful means of assessing the patient's ability to tolerate spontaneous breathing.
Identification of thermal signature and quantification of charcoal in soil using differential scanning calorimetry and benzene polycarboxylic acid (BPCA) markers
Authors: Hardy Brieuc , Borchard Nils , Leifeld Jens 
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) plays an important role in terrestrial
carbon storage and can sustainably improve soil fertility. However, the
accurate quantification of BC remains critical to fully unravelling the
functions and dynamics of BC in soil. In this study, we explored the
potential of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to identify,
characterize and quantify charcoal in the soil of pre-industrial charcoal
kiln sites from various forest and cropland areas in Belgium and Germany.
Pre-industrial charcoals and uncharred soil organic matter (SOM)
demonstrated a distinct thermal signature that could be used to distinguish
between them, with charcoal being more thermally stable than SOM. The DSC
pattern of charcoals was characterized by one to three specific exothermic peaks,
varying in size and position depending on soil conditions. Our data suggest
that the thermal moieties within charcoal depend on the strength of chemical
bonds of C atoms (increasing with the degree of aromatic condensation and
decreasing with weathering) and on the activation energy required to
initiate combustion. Despite the specific thermal features of charcoal, its
decomposition spans a wide range of temperatures that overlaps with the
thermal signature of uncharred SOM. This stresses the challenge of BC
quantification in soil and hinders the use of cut-off temperatures to
accurately quantify charcoal in soil. Therefore, charcoal-C content was
estimated from the relative height of exothermic peaks, attributed either to the
combustion of charcoal or SOM. For a selection of 45 soil samples,
charcoal-C content estimated by DSC was compared to benzene polycarboxylic
acid (BPCA) abundance, a widely used method to quantify BC in soil. The two
methods correlated strongly (R2=0.97), with BPCA C
representing about one-fifth of DSC-derived charcoal C. This reinforces the
view that operationally defined BC content has an absolute quantitative
value only if the recovery rate is controlled, which is very complicated for
many case studies. Overall, our results demonstrate that dynamic thermal
analysis is largely under-exploited despite providing quantitatively
interpretable information across the continuum of SOM.
Benefits and challenges of dynamic sea ice for weather forecasts
Authors: Day Jonathan J. , Keeley Sarah , Arduini Gabriele , Magnusson Linus , Mogensen Kristian , Rodwell Mark , Sandu Irina , Tietsche Steffen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The drive to develop environmental prediction systems that are seamless across both weather and climate timescales has culminated in the development
and use of Earth system models, which include a coupled representation of the atmosphere, land, ocean and sea ice, for medium-range weather forecasts. One region where such a coupled Earth
system approach has the potential to significantly influence the skill of weather forecasts is in the polar and sub-polar seas, where fluxes of
heat, moisture and momentum are strongly influenced by the position of the sea ice edge. In this study we demonstrate that using a dynamically
coupled ocean and sea ice model in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System results in improved sea ice edge position forecasts in the Northern
Hemisphere in the medium range. Further, this improves forecasts of boundary layer temperature and humidity downstream of the sea ice edge in some
regions during periods of rapid change in the sea ice, compared to forecasts in which the sea surface temperature anomalies and sea ice
concentration do not evolve throughout the forecasts. However, challenges remain, such as large errors in the position of the ice edge in the ocean
analysis used to initialise the ocean component of the coupled system, which has an error of approximately 50 % of the total forecast error at
day 9, suggesting there is much skill to be gained by improving the ocean analysis at and around the sea ice edge. The importance of the choice of
sea ice analysis for verification is also highlighted, with a call for more guidance on the suitability of satellite sea ice products to verify
forecasts on daily to weekly timescales and on meso-scales (< 500 km).