bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate in mitochondrial function and metabolic diseases
Authors: Duan Meng , Gao Pan , Chen Sheng‐xi , Novák Petr , Yin Kai , Zhu Xiao 
Published: February 2022

SummarySphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite. The past decade has witnessed exponential growth in the field of S1P research, partly attributed to drugs targeting its receptors or kinases. Accumulating evidence indicates that changes in the S1P axis (i.e., S1P production, transport, and receptors) may modify metabolism and eventually mediate metabolic diseases. Dysfunction of the mitochondria on a master monitor of cellular metabolism is considered the leading cause of metabolic diseases, with aberrations typically induced by abnormal biogenesis, respiratory chain complex disorders, reactive oxygen species overproduction, calcium deposition, and mitophagy impairment. Accordingly, we discuss decades of investigation into changes in the S1P axis and how it controls mitochondrial function. Furthermore, we summarize recent scientific advances in disorders associated with the S1P axis and their involvement in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases in humans, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, from the perspective of mitochondrial function. Finally, we review potential challenges and prospects for S1P axis application to the regulation of mitochondrial function and metabolic diseases; these data may provide theoretical guidance for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
Interconnection between cryptocurrencies and energy markets: an analysis of volatility spillover
Authors: Afjal Mohd , Clanganthuruthil Sajeev Kavya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe annual energy consumption of cryptocurrencies has been increasing in recent years. This paper studies the cryptocurrencies return volatility spillover and the underlying dynamics of five cryptocurrencies, namely Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, Ethereum, Ripple XRP and Litecoin's impact on four energy markets, namely Nifty Energy Index, S&P 500 Energy Index, S&P/TSX Canadian Energy Index and Shanghai Stock Exchange Energy Index for the period 2016–2021. We employed the Granger Causality Test and DCC MGARCH model to investigate the integration between cryptocurrencies and the energy markets. From the empirical analyses, we find that the overall time‐varying correlation between cryptocurrencies and the energy markets is low and weak. This study may be helpful for investors, academia and policymakers.
Does overseas eco‐friendly innovation collaboration matter for environmental quality sustainability in India?
Authors: Villanthenkodath Muhammed Ashiq , Mahalik Mantu Kumar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe nexus between technological innovations and environmental quality has been much discussed in the field of energy economics and policy. However, the role of overseas eco‐friendly innovation collaboration on environmental quality in India remains unaddressed. In such a line, our study raises the question of whether overseas eco‐friendly innovation collaboration and total technological innovations collaboration are important towards health protection of the natural environment in India. This motivates us to study their effects on India’s carbon dioxide emissions function in the presence of energy consumption and economic growth as important control variables. The usage of annual data from 1985 to 2016 permits us to use traditional and structural break unit root tests before the application of ARDL model to evaluate the long‐run relationship between the variables. Besides confirming the long‐run relationship among the variables, we find that eco‐friendly innovation and total innovation collaborations drive health of the natural environment while energy consumption impedes it. The adverse effect of economic growth on environmental quality becomes ineffective. These findings are robust to the usage of alternative techniques, urging climate policymakers in India to house greater overseas eco‐friendly innovation collaboration with other advanced and emerging economies to drive environmental quality sustainability in the long run.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in infants is associated with significant morbidity and mortality
Authors: Oikonomopoulou Christina , Paisiou Anna , Ioannidou Eleni‐Dikaia , Komitopoulou Anna , Kaisari Aikaterini , Zisaki Kalliopi , Kastamoulas Michalis , Stavroulaki Georgia , Giannakopoulou Aikaterini , Vessalas George , Kitra‐Roussou Vassiliki , Goussetis Evgenios , Peristeri Ioulia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundInfants are subjected to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) due to malignant and non‐malignant diseases. However, specific data concerning the outcome and transplantation‐related complications in infants, as a separate age group, are limited. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of infancy on the outcome, toxicity, and complications after HSCT.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data of 55 infants that underwent HSCT in our unit from May 1997 until February 2020, emphasizing on the probability of overall survival (OS) and the cumulative incidence (CI) of transplantation‐related mortality (TRM) and complications.ResultsWe report a probability of OS of 61%, a CI of TRM at day 100 and 365 post transplantation of 22% and 30%, respectively, and additionally a CI of graft failure, acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD), and infectious complications, 18%, 44%, and 39%, respectively. No statistically significant association was detected between the above mentioned parameters and diagnosis, the use of myeloablative or non‐myeloablative/reduced toxicity conditioning regimens or the type of donor.ConclusionsWe conclude that HSCT in infancy is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. This is possibly attributed to endogenous, age‐related factors. More specifically, infants may be at a higher risk of toxicities due to the immaturity of developing vital organs and the deficiency of the newly adopted immune system that predisposes them to infectious complications. The development of GvHD further augments the danger of infections, in a potential vice‐versa relationship. Moreover, there are few data on pharmacokinetics of chemotherapy agents, making safe and efficacious drug administration hard.
Treatment of BK virus with a stepwise immunosuppression reduction and intravenous immunoglobulin in pediatric kidney transplant
Authors: Mohammad Dunya , Kim Dean Y. , Baracco Rossana , Kapur Gaurav , Jain Amrish 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundBKV and BKVN are common in pediatric kidney transplant, but there is limited data on treatment approaches. Our objective was to study the prevalence of BKV and BKVN utilizing only plasma qPCR and report treatment outcomes with stepwise IR and IVIG.MethodsA retrospective study of all pediatric kidney transplants from 2013 to 2020. Excluded patients >21 years at transplant and immediate graft failure. Surveillance was conducted using only plasma BK qPCR at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months and annually. BKV defined as ≥250 copies/ml and resolution as <250 copies/ml. Presumed BKVN as >10 000 copies/ml despite IR; and BKVN if confirmed on histology.ResultsFifty‐six patients were included in the study; 20 (35.7%) had BKV. BKV was associated with longer duration of stent, 40 vs. 33.5 days (p = .004). Two patients (3.5%) had confirmed, and 2(3.5%) had presumed BKVN. The first‐line treatment was IR in 100% of patients. BKVN confirmed and presumed received IVIG every month for six doses. Viral resolution was achieved in 70%, and no difference was noted in estimated glomerular filtration rate between BKV and non‐BKV group (p = .438). There were no rejection episodes, and graft survival was 100% over median follow‐up of 3 years.ConclusionsPlasma qPCR alone is adequate for screening and monitoring treatment of BKV and BKVN. A stepwise IR and IVIG resulted in BKV resolution in the majority of patients. Larger studies are required to study the role of IVIG in the treatment of BKVN.
Wittgenstein's Account of Music and its Comparison to Language: Understanding, Experience and Rules
Authors: Marchesin Marco 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this article, I discuss Wittgenstein’s conception of music, musical understanding and the sense of comparing music to language. I argue that for Wittgenstein, musical understanding is describable as a specific kind of experience that is public and sharable. I then reject any formalist view, which asserts that musical understanding is exclusively an ability to follow a set of established rules. Second, I illustrate the scope of Wittgenstein’s comparison between languages and posit that music is useful for clarifying the concept of linguistic understanding in the case of certain specific language‐games, such as making jokes or puns. I will finally show that no thesis on the nature of language parallels and follows such a comparison.
Evaluating the Preemptive Analgesic Effect of Photo‐biomodulation Therapy on Pain Perception During Local Anesthesia Injection in Children: A Split‐mouth Triple‐blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Shekarchi Fatemeh , Nokhbatolfoghahaei Hanieh , Chiniforush Nasim , Mohaghegh Sadra , Haeri Boroojeni Helia Sadat , Amini Soroush , Biria Mina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo evaluate the impact of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on injection pain perception and compare it with a topical oral anesthetic gel. A total of 30 patients of 6 to 9 years‐old seeking pulpotomy treatment of maxillary secondary primary molars of both sides were considered for this split‐mouth triple‐blind randomized clinical trial. On one side of the maxilla, the low‐level laser (diode laser, 808 nm, 250 mW; 16.25 J; 32.5 J cm−2) was irradiated upon the buccal gingiva of the tooth, while a Benzocaine 20% topical anesthetic gel was applied on the other side. A gel with the same taste (strawberry) was applied for the placebo. The Wong–Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale was used to evaluate the injection pain and postoperation pain at two timestamps, 1 h and 24 h after treatment. Patients’ heart rate was also evaluated. Paired t, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, McNemar and Friedman tests were used for statistical analyses. Results demonstrated that PBMT could significantly decrease the injection pain perception and heart rate alternations compared to the topical anesthetic gels (P = 0.000). However, no significant differences were documented between the two methods concerning the 1‐h (P = 0.26) and 24‐h (P = 1.00) postoperation pain. PBMT can be an effective nonpharmacological technique for controlling injection pain.
Effects of contrasting N supplies on leaf photosynthetic induction under fluctuating light in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Xiong Zhuang , Xiong Dongliang , Yang Desheng , Cui Kehui , Peng Shaobing , Huang Jianliang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNitrogen (N) is one of the most important nutrients for crop growth and yield formation, as it is an important constituent in a large amount of proteins, cell walls, and membranes related to photosynthesis. Recently, increasing studies have suggested the important roles of photosynthetic induction and stomatal movement under fluctuating light in regulating plant carbon assimilation and water use efficiency. How leaf N content affects photosynthetic induction remains uncertain. Here, we observed a significantly faster photosynthetic induction with the increasing supply of N under fluctuating light conditions. Photosynthetic induction was mainly limited by biochemical processes but not stomatal opening after a stepwise increase in irradiance across different N supplies. Higher N supply enhanced photosynthetic efficiency under constant and fluctuating light conditions but reduced leaf intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi). This study is mainly focused on clarifying the crucial limitation of photosynthetic induction under different N treatments, which may facilitate the improvement of photosynthetic efficiency under complicated environments in the future.
Folate receptor‐1 is vital for developmental competence of goat embryos
Authors: Saini Sikander , Ansari Shama , Sharma Vishal , Saugandhika Shrabani , Kumar Sandeep , Malakar Dhruba 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFolate is essential for DNA synthesis and methylation via one‐carbon (C1) metabolism during embryonic development. It is transported into the developing oocytes via folate receptors (FOLR1 and FOLR2) and transporters (RFC1) for utilization during embryo development. However, the role of folate receptors during pre‐implantation stages of embryos is not well known. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the expression of folate transport genes and proteins in mature oocytes and pre‐implantation embryos and the effect of FOLR1 knockdown in zygotes on blastocyst outcome. For this, immature goat oocytes were matured in maturation medium followed by in vitro fertilization and culture at standard conditions. A group of zygotes was transfected with esiRNA against FOLR1 and in vitro cultured for blastocyst outcome assessment. The transcripts and proteins for FOLR1, FOLR2 and RFC1 were present in oocytes as well as all the stages of pre‐implantation embryos. Immunofluorescence revealed the presence of FOLR1 in the nuclei of embryos but not in the metaphase (matured) oocytes. The knockdown of FOLR1 in embryos was effective and significantly reduced the blastocyst production rate. The present study demonstrates the existence of active folate transport in oocytes and pre‐implantation goat embryos. FOLR1 is vital for pre‐implantation embryo development and may aid in the progression by functioning as a transcription factor.
Social norms and child labor
Authors: Katav Herz Shirit , Epstein Gil S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChild labor is a widespread phenomenon and therefore is of interest to both researchers and policy‐makers. Various reasons for the existence of child labor have been proposed with the goal of designing appropriate solutions. While household poverty is viewed as the main reason for child labor, we choose to focus on the phenomenon that parents who worked during their own childhood are more likely to send their children to work. We also look at the effect of social norms on the parents’ child labor decision and analyze both these effects on the supply of labor and equilibrium in the labor market. Finally, we suggest an explanation for the phenomenon of poor societies with similar income levels that differ significantly in literacy rates, and we propose policy improvements.
Access to dental care for patients with inherited bleeding and hemoglobin disorders
Authors: Frusca do Monte Carolina Mendes , da Silva Leandro Tavares , da Silva Victor Cordeiro , Almeida Gabriela Silva , Lorenzato Claudia Santos , Menezes José Vitor Nogara Borges , Fraiz Fabian Calixto , Torres‐Pereira Cassius Carvalho 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo identify the main barriers to dental care access for patients with inherited bleeding (IBD) and hemoglobin disorders (HbD).MethodsPatients with IBD and HbD were invited to participate in this study between August 2019 and March 2020. Data were collected through a questionnaire consisting of socioeconomic and demographic items and questions about access to dental services and history of dental treatment. Univariate and multiple Poisson regression model was used to determine associations between professional refusal of dental care and other co‐variables (p < .05).ResultsThe participants (29.1%) have already had professional refusal of dental care and participants with IBD (53.2%) did not feel confident with their local dentist due to their bleeding tendency. Most (64.6%) felt apprehensive about visiting the local dentist and high prevalence of refusal to provide dental care was associated with age (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.021; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.010–1.032). Individuals with low bleeding risk were less likely to be denied dental care by a professional compared to those with high bleeding risk (PR = 0.536; 95%CI = 0.291–0.990).ConclusionProfessional refusal of dental care was high among patients with IBD, particularly older adults and with an increased risk of bleeding.
Gene prediction for leaf margin phenotype and fruit flesh color in pineapple (Ananas comosus) using haplotype‐resolved genome sequencing
Authors: Nashima Kenji , Shirasawa Kenta , Isobe Sachiko , Urasaki Naoya , Tarora Kazuhiko , Irei Ayaka , Shoda Moriyuki , Takeuchi Makoto , Omine Yuta , Nishiba Yoichi , Sugawara Terumi , Kunihisa Miyuki , Nishitani Chikako , Yamamoto Toshiya 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYPineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) is one of the most economically important tropical fruit species. The major aim of the breeding programs in several countries, including Japan, is quality improvement, mainly for the fresh market. ‘Yugafu’, a Japanese cultivar with distinctive pipe‐type leaf margin phenotype and white flesh color, is popular for fresh consumption. Therefore, genome sequencing of ‘Yugafu’ is expected to assist pineapple breeding. Here, we developed a haplotype‐resolved assembly for the heterozygous genome of ‘Yugafu’ using long‐read sequencing technology and obtained a pair of 25 pseudomolecule sequences inherited from the parental accessions ‘Cream pineapple’ and ‘HI101’. The causative genes for leaf margin and fruit flesh color were identified. Fine mapping revealed a 162‐kb region on CLG23 for the leaf margin phenotype. In this region, 20 kb of inverted repeat was specifically observed in the ‘Cream pineapple’ derived allele, and the WUSCHEL‐related homeobox 3 (AcWOX3) gene was predicted as the key gene for leaf margin morphogenesis. Dominantly repressed AcWOX3 via RNAi was suggested to be the cause of the pipe‐type leaf margin phenotype. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis revealed that the terminal region of CLG08 contributed to white flesh and low carotenoid content. Carotenoid cleaved dioxygenase 4 (AcCCD4), a key gene for carotenoid degradation underlying this QTL, was predicted as the key gene for white flesh color through expression analysis. These findings could assist in modern pineapple breeding and facilitate marker‐assisted selection for important traits.
A multisynaptic pathway from the ventral midbrain toward spinal motoneurons in monkeys
Authors: Suzuki Michiaki , Inoue Ken‐ichi , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Ishida Hiroaki , Kobayashi Kenta , Isa Tadashi , Takada Masahiko , Nishimura Yukio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMotivation boosts motor performance. Activity of the ventral midbrain (VM), consisting of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the retrorubral field (RRF), plays an important role in processing motivation. However, little is known about the neural substrate bridging the VM and the spinal motor output. We hypothesized that the VM might exert a modulatory influence over the descending motor pathways. By retrograde transneuronal labelling with rabies virus, we demonstrated the existence of multisynaptic projections from the VM to the cervical enlargement in monkeys. The distribution pattern of spinal projection neurons in the VM exhibited a caudorostral gradient, in that the RRF and the caudal part of the SNc contained more retrogradely labelled neurons than the VTA and the rostral part of the SNc. Electrical stimulation of the VM induced muscle responses in the contralateral forelimb with a delay of a few milliseconds following the responses of the ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1). The magnitude and number of evoked muscle responses were associated with the stimulus intensity and number of pulses. The muscle responses were diminished during M1 inactivation. Thus, the present study has identified a multisynaptic VM–spinal pathway that is mediated, at least in part, by the M1 and might play a pivotal role in modulatory control of the spinal motor output.Key points
Motivation to obtain reward is thought to boost motor performance, and activity in the ventral midbrain is important to the motivational process.
Little is known about a neural substrate bridging the ventral midbrain and the spinal motor output.
Retrograde trans‐synaptic experiments revealed that the ventral midbrain projects multisynaptically to the spinal cord in macaque monkeys.
Ventral midbrain activation by electrical stimulation generated cortical activity in the motor cortex and forelimb muscle activity.
A multisynaptic ventral midbrain–spinal pathway most probably plays a pivotal role in modulatory control of the spinal motor output.
Quantitative mapping of dolomitization using close-range hyperspectral imaging: Kimmeridgian carbonate ramp, Alacón, NE Spain
Authors: Kurz Tobias H. , Miguel Galo San , Dubucq Dominique , Kenter Jeroen , Miegebielle Veronique , Buckley Simon J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Geological models from outcrop analogues are often utilized as a guide, or soft constraint, for distributing reservoir properties in subsurface models. In carbonate outcrops, combined sequence stratigraphic, sedimentological, and petrographic studies constrain the heterogeneity of geobodies and diagenetic processes, including dolomitization, at multiple scales. High-resolution digital outcrop modeling further aids geometric mapping, geobody definition, and statistical analysis, though its usefulness for detailed mineralogical and lithological mapping is limited. Hyperspectral imaging offers enhanced spectral resolution for mapping subtle mineralogical differences. In both outcrops and subsurface, differences in carbonate composition can provide key information for distributing porosity and permeability, yet this mapping is highly challenging in field studies due to access difficulties, visible material differences, and sampling resolution. Spectral analysis of limestone–dolomite ratios conducted in laboratory studies indicates theoretical measures for quantitative identification and mapping of dolomite degrees within carbonate rocks. In this study, close-range hyperspectral imaging is applied to outcrops of the Alacón Member, Barranco del Mortero, northeastern Spain, to identify exposed limestone–dolomite geobodies and to quantify the degree of dolomitization across outcrop faces. Hyperspectral imaging is supplemented with photogrammetric outcrop modeling, field spectroscopy, and laboratory sample analysis for empirical validation and uncertainty analysis. Hyperspectral mapping shows that earlier fieldwork utilizing visual inspection of difficult to access outcrop surfaces had overestimated the amount of dolomite in the outcrop. Results indicate that hyperspectral imaging identified dolomite bodies more accurately and reliably than conventional field methods and facilitates the mapping of dolomite contribution in areas modified by dedolomitization, where dolomite content changes by more than ~20%.