bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of Blueberry Seedlings to a Range of Soil Types1
Authors: Korcak R. F. , Galletta G. J. , Draper A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The growth and elemental composition of a range of blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) progenies was greenhousetested on 5 unmulched soils. Three of the soils, low in pH and fertility, represented the physiographic regions of the eastern United States; Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and Appalachian Highlands; also included were a high-pH, high-fertility Piedmont soil and a commercial blueberry Coastal Plain soil. Two studies, 10 and 20 weeks in duration, were made with seedlings of crosses of blueberry clones of hybrid origin. Growth was significantly higher for seedlings grown on the commercial blueberry soil in both studies. V. ashei (rabbiteye) seedlings grew significantly larger than all others when measured over all soil types in one experiment but not the other. There were no significant differences in growth among the 4 progenies when averaged over all soil types. Percent sand was positively correlated with growth while both percent silt and clay were negatively correlated with growth. Plant composition was generally within acceptable levels for Ca, Mg, K, Fe, and Zn. Plant Mn and Al, although variable, tended to be higher than reported values. Soil Mn was significantly and negatively correlated with growth. It was possible to select individual seedlings which grew well on each of the mineral soils represented in the study.
Peel and Trim Yield and Quality of Beets and Sweet Potatoes Peeled with Superheated Steam, Saturated Steam, and Lye1
Authors: Smith D. A. , Turner J. L. , Hollingsworth M. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Roots of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] and beet (Beta vulgaris L.) peeled with superheated steam, had higher peel and trim yields than did those peeled with saturated steam at the same pressure. Product recovery was greater with all steam-peeling methods than with caustic peeling. Direct injection of cold water into the partially pressurized steam atmosphere of the peeler also increased product recovery. Better color retention in processed beets was obtained from steam-peeled roots than from caustic-peeled roots.
Regrowth, Flowering, and Fruit Quality of ‘Delicious’ Apple Trees as Influenced by Summer Pruning1
Authors: Miller Stephen S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Vigorous, young trees of ‘Topred Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) either dormant-pruned or left unpruned at the end of the previous season, were summer-pruned at 8, 12, 16, or 20 weeks after full bloom (WAFB) by thinning, heading, or stubbling current season to 2-year-old shoots. The amount of new growth following summer pruning (regrowth) was influenced by the date of pruning; late pruning (20 WAFB) generally produced less regrowth than earlier pruning (8 WAFB). Regrowth also varied with moisture conditions during 2 growing seasons. Severe heading or stubbing of vigorous vegetative shoots to 2 or 3 nodes resulted in flower bud initiation on some spurs produced from axillary buds on these stubs. The degree of fruit bud initiation was related to time of pruning and moisture supply. Summer pruning generally increased the percentage of sunburned fruit harvested, but there was no consistent effect on fruit size, color, flesh firmness, or soluble solids.
The Relationship of Seed Filling to Yield among Dry Beans with Differing Architectural Forms1
Authors: Izquierdo Juan A. , Hosfield G. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We compared 9 dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) strains characterized by the following architectures for seed filling, yield, and components of yield: small bush, tall erect bush, classic II, and architype. Small and tall erect bush are determinate in growth habit; classic II is indeterminate and produces a short vine. Architype is erect, contains 2–4 branches angled acutely upward, grows to about 75 cm, terminates in a short vine, and does not lodge at maturity. Seed dry weight vs. days after 50% flowering data were fit to a cubic polynomial to calculate the rate and duration of seed filling. Small bush produced the greatest pods/m2 of the groups, but pod set was offset by a high percentage of shriveling and seed abortion. The architype outyielded the tall erect and small bush groups by 34 and 45 %, respectively, which was due to a greater number of seeds/pod, seeds/m2, and heavier seeds. The heavy seeds of the architype compared to the bush appeared to be due to a longer filling duration, because linear seed filling rates were similar. The architype filling duration was 11.3 days compared to 5.7 and 7.0 days for small and tall erect bush, respectively. The longer architype filling duration may be associated with its ability to prolong the duration of photosynthesis. The 17% yield increase of the architype over classic II was due to improved lodging resistance through a modification of the morphology by reducing branches and narrowing the plant canopy.
Comparison of Pour-through and Saturated Pine Bark Extract N, P, K, and pH Levels1
Authors: Yeage T. H. , Wright R. D. , Donohue S. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The pour-through (PT) method of nutrient extraction, which involves pouring water on the container media surface and collecting the extract (leachate), was compared to the saturated soil extract (SSE) method for a 100% pine bark medium at container capacity (102% gravimetric moisture). The SSE and PT correlation coefficients, respectively, were 0.99 and 0.94 for N, 0.99 and 0.97 for P, 0.99 and 0.93 for K, and 0.99 and 0.98 for pH. As container media moisture levels increased from 50 to 102%, the PT and SSE soluble salt levels increased 1.5 and 1.6 times, respectively, while nitrate levels increased 1.7 and 1.6 times, respectively. The volume of water applied for the PT was varied from 40 to 100 ml and did not result in extraction of different levels of N, P, K, Ca, or Mg. These data indicate the PT is an alternative to the SSE for nutrient extraction from a pine bark medium.
Mineral Nutrient Content of Ilex crenata ‘Helleri’ as Influenced by Ambient Temperature1
Authors: Wright R. D. , Blazich F. A. , Cundiff J. S. , Reid J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Rooted stem cuttings of Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Helleri’ were grown in a series of experiments for 3 or 6 weeks at day/night temperatures ranging from 6°/2° to 26°/22°C. Percentage of tissue N increased over time at all temperatures but at progressively slower rates as temperature decreased. Temperatures of 18°/14° or less prevented visible shoot elongation, although plant dry weights increased at all temperatures. Percentage of dry weight K increased and P, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Zn decreased with time for plants grown at 10°/6°, 14°/10° and 18°/14°, whereas the total amounts of each nutrient per plant increased. Nutrient content increased at greater rates as temperature increased. Nitrogen accumulation data were used to develop a method of timing fertilizer application in the fall. The proposed procedure ensures adequate nutrient accumulation to support vigorous spring growth without jeopardizing proper cold acclimation in the fall
Dry Weight Partitioning of ‘McIntosh’ Apple Trees1
Authors: Forshey C. G. , Weires R. W. , Stanley B. H. , Seem R. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Eight-year-old ‘McIntosh’/Malling-Merton (MM) 106 apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) were sampled 5 times (dormant, full bloom, full bloom + 3 weeks, mid-July, and harvest) during the 1980 growing season. Whole trees were separated into: trunk; scaffold branches; 1-, 2-, and 3-year-old wood; spurs; new shoots; shoot and spur leaves; and blossom clusters or fruits. Total surface area and dry weight were determined for each fraction on each sampling date. Total tree dry weight at harvest was 124% greater than the dormant weight. The distribution of the accumulated dry matter was 47.8% in wood, 19.1% in leaves, and 33.1% in fruit. Leaf canopy development was complete 3 weeks after bloom. The surface area of the leaves at harvest was 13 times that of the woody tissues.
Crossability of Selected Nontuberous Solanum Species1
Authors: Attavian B. N. , Jelenkovic G. , Pollack B. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Reciprocal crosses of 7 selected nontuberous Solanum species, each represented by a single genotype, were performed under greenhouse conditions to assess their levels of crossability. The degree of crossability among these species was determined by fruit set, seeds per fruit, seed germination, and degree of F1 fertility. As a result of crossing these species inter se, 3 categories were established: a) species reciprocally crossable and capable of producing fully fertile F1 plants (S. gilo Raddi × S. integrifolium Poir.; S. gilo × S. nodiflorum Jacq.; S. nodiflorum × S. integrifolium); b) species unilaterally crossable (S. indicum L. × S. incanum L.; S. gilo × S. incanum; S. macrocarpon L. × 21–73); and c) species reciprocally noncrossable (S. gilo × S. indicum). Several genotypes of eggplant (S. melongena L.) were assessed for their crossability with wild species to investigate the possibility of gene transfer to improve commercial cultivars.
Initiation and Control of Sunscald Injury of Tomato Fruit1
Authors: Adegoroye Adegoke S. , Jolliffe Peter A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Sunscald was induced by exposing fruit of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill.) to intense solar radiation; similar injury was caused by radiation from incandescent lamps. Injurious radiation treatments caused fruit temperature to exceed 40°C and altered fruit respiration rates. High air temperatures enhanced injury, but exposure to 0 to 100% O2 concentrations during radiation treatments had little influence on fruit response. Infrared wavelengths (>0.7 µm) were effective in inducing injury. Tissue water may serve as an important absorber of radiant energy. Overheating of the fruit appeared to be the main cause of injury, and storage at different temperatures, photoperiods, or O2 levels did not reverse injury induced by previous irradiation.
Effects of Acid Rain on Apple Tree Productivity and Fruit Quality1
Authors: Forsline Philip L. , Musselman Robert C. , Kender Walter J. , Dee R. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Mature ‘McIntosh’, ‘Empire’, and ‘Golden Delicious’ apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) were sprayed with simulated acid rain solutions in the pH range of 2.5 to 5.5 at full bloom in 1980 and in 1981. In 1981, weekly sprays were applied at pH 2.75 and pH 3.25. Necrotic lesions developed on apple petals at pH 2.5 with slight injury appearing at pH 3.0 and pH 3.5. Apple foliage had no acid rain lesions at any of the pH levels tested. Pollen germination was reduced at pH 2.5 in ‘Empire’. Slight fruit set reduction at pH 2.5 was observed in ‘McIntosh’. The incidence of russetting on ‘Golden Delicious’ fruits was ameliorated by the presence of rain-exclusion chambers but was not affected by acid rain. With season-long sprays at pH 2.75, there was a slight delay in maturity and lower weight of ‘McIntosh’ apples. Even at the lowest pH levels no detrimental effects of simulated acid rain were found on apple tree productivity and fruit quality when measured as fruit set, seed number per fruit, and fruit size and appearance.
Physiological Differentiation of Pistillate Flowers of Pecan and Cold Requirements for their Initiation1
Authors: Amling Harry J. , Amling Karen A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Histological examinations of forced buds of pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch] from mature trees revealed a state of physiological differentiation of pistillate flowers by early August of the year preceding their initiation, thus predisposing them to form pistillate floral primordia. Low temperature exposure was required for pistillate flower initiation. This vernalization requirement was facultative for floral cone development, but absolute for floret formation, and was evident before the onset of rest. Grafting and in vitro bud culture techniques demonstrated that events associated with floral induction are separate from changes in the bud apex induced by cold exposure.
Phthalimide-modification of Sex Expression in Gynoecious and Monoecious Cucumbers1
Authors: Xu Shao Ying , Bukovac Martin J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Staminate flowers were induced in a gynoecious line (MSU 394G) and the pistillate phase was delayed in a monoecious cultivar (‘Sumter’) of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) with 2 phthalimide derivatives, 1-(3-chlorophthalimido)-cyclohexanecarboxamide and 1-(1-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximido)-cyclohexanecarboxamide. Single and multiple foliar sprays at 1000 mg liter−1 during expansion of the first true leaf (5–7 cm in width) delayed flowering as indexed by days from seeding to anthesis and the node of the first pistillate flower in monoecious ‘Sumter’. Repeat applications induced staminate flowers in gynoecious MSU 394G and staminate flower production continued over a wide range of nodes. Marked differences in response to the phthalimides appeared to be related to the season in which the experiments were performed. The greatest number of staminate flowers was induced when the gynoecious plants were exposed to an 8-hour photoperiod early in plant development and then grown under a 14-hour photoperiod.
Field Performance and Phenotypic Stability of Tissue Culture-propagated Thornless Blackberries1
Authors: Swartz Harry J. , Galletta Gene J. , Zimmerman Richard H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Comparative field performance of thornless blackberry plants produced by tissue-culture (TC) and standard (ST) methods (tip layers or stem cuttings) was studied to determine any effect of TC propagation on clonal phenotypic stability. In general, TC plants performed as well as, and were phenotypically similar to, ST plants. Some differences in leaf size and pattern were observed; however, the differences were related to the increased vigor of TC plants of these cultivars. Total growth of TC and ST plants of ‘Black Satin’, ‘Hull Thornless’, ‘Thornfree’, and SI-US 68-6-17 was similar. ST plants of ‘Dirksen Thornless’ and ‘Smoothstem’ failed to grow as rapidly as TC plants of these cultivars or ST plants of the other cultivars, resulting in significantly reduced 2nd-year yields. First-year growth of all TC plants was more uniform than corresponding ST plants. On the average, fruit size was smaller on TC plants; however, this was true in both years only for ‘Black Satin’. The response varied for other cultivars with TC plants of ‘Dirksen Thornless’ actually having larger fruits in one year. No consistent differences in bloom date or median harvest date due to propagation method were observed. No variant plants were observed in the field; however, one sectorial leaf chlorotic variant was observed after TC propagation but prior to field planting.
CO2 Assimilation Characteristics of Five Prunus Tree Fruit Species1
Authors: DeJong T. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Photosynthetic CO2 assimilation characteristics of 5 Prunus species were compared with respect to leaf nitrogen content and water use. The mean maximum CO2 assimilation rates of peach, plum, and cherry were all very similar when expressed on a leaf area, leaf nitrogen, and water use basis (1.33–1.37 nmol CO2 cm−2s−1, 6.17–6.75 nmol CO2 mgN−ls−1, 0.19–0.21 nmol CO2 µgH2O−1). In comparison, the mean maximum CO2 assimilation rate of almond was higher when expressed on a leaf area basis (1.80 nmol CO2 cm−2s−1), the same when expressed on a leaf N basis (6.47 nmol CO2 mgN−1s−1), and lower when expressed on a water use basis (0.16 nmol CO2 µgH2O−1). The mean maximum rate of CO2 assimilation in apricot leaves was lower than that of peach, plum, and cherry when expressed on a leaf area (0.67 nmol CO2 cm−2s −1) and leaf N basis (3.76 nmol CO2 mgN−1s−1) but the same when expressed on a water use basis (0.19 nmol CO2 µgH2O−1). The interspecific relationship between leaf N content and leaf CO2 assimilation rate was found to be similar to that described previously for leaves of a single cultivar of peach.
Naphthaleneacetic Acid and Fruiting of Rabbiteye Blueberry ‘Tifblue’1
Authors: Austin Max E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) treatments were applied to pruned and hedged vigorous plants of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade). NAA application delayed shoot growth and resulted in earlier flowering and ripening of larger-sized fruit. NAA treatments effects lasted up to 3 years.
Mitotic Instability and 2n Gamete Production in Vaccinium corymbosum × V. elliottii Hybrids1
Authors: Lyrene P. M. , Sherman W. B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Pollination of about 7000 flowers of tetraploid highbush blueberry clones with pollen from a wild diploid species, V. elliottii (Chapm.) Small, gave 25 phenotypically obvious hybrids. Examination of 18 of these hybrids showed that they included triploids, tetraploids, pentaploids, and aneuploids. Some hybrids appeared to be mosaics, as evidenced by chromosome-number variability in premeiotic flower buds. Most hybrids were highly vigorous. The triploids were completely female sterile and the pentaploids ranged from partially to completely female sterile when open-pollinated. Three of the tetraploids examined were highly fertile and extremely vigorous. The occurrence of 3x-4x mosaicism suggests that the 3x hybrids may have arisen from chromosome loss in 4x plants rather than from 3x zygotes. Morphological similarities between certain of the 5x hybrids and the west Florida race of the native allohexaploid species V. ashei Reade suggest V. corymbosum L.–V. elliottii allohexaploidy as one possible mode of origin for V. ashei.
Inheritance of a Leaf Distortion Tendency in Bush Lines of Beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., of Blue Lake Background1
Authors: Rabakoarihanta A. , Baggett J. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Gallatin 50’, a bush cultivar not of ‘Blue Lake’ background, and ‘Oregon 1604’, a bush cultivar of ‘Blue Lake’ type, were crossed with distortion susceptible lines of ‘Blue Lake’ type. Environment affected distortion expression; the best expression was obtained in the greenhouse while expression was much reduced in the field. Ratios obtained suggested distortion is primarily controlled by a single dominant gene, designated Ld. ‘Oregon 1604’ carries the recessive allele for normal. ‘Gallatin 50’ carries a major dominant gene, designated Ds, that supresses the expression of the dominant gene Ld for leaf distortion tendency. Results also suggested that modifying factors are involved and are responsible for levels of susceptibility among parents and progenies. Additional crosses between susceptible lines showing severe to mild distortion indicated that these lines carried the same major genes for distortion, but differed in modifying factors.
Genetics and Nature of Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Crosses of Butternut with Calabaza Squash and ‘Seminole Pumpkin’
Authors: Adeniji Adeoye A. , Coyne Dermot P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The inheritance of resistance in butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata Poir) to powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum DC) was studied under greenhouse and field conditions using F1 F2, and BC1 generations derived from crosses of ‘La Primera’ (resistant) (calabaza type) with 2 butternut cultivars ‘Ponca’ (susceptible), and ‘Waltham’ (susceptible), and ‘Ponca’ x ‘Seminole Pumpkin’ (intermediate resistance). The breath-blowing method of inoculation was effective in greenhouse tests. Petiole and stem reactions of plants in both field and greenhouse trials and leafblade reactions of plants in the field tests indicated that 3 alleles at a single locus determined resistance reactions in crosses involving ‘Ponca’, ‘Waltham’, and ‘La Primera’. Proposed genotypes for the susceptible ‘Ponca’ and ‘Waltham’ butternut squash are pm – lp pm – lp and pm – lw pm – lw, respectively, and for the resistant ‘La Primera’, pm – lL pm – lL. The partial and complete dominance relations of these alleles for the leaf-blade (field) and petiole/stem reactions (field/greenhouse), respectively, are pm – lp > pm – lL > pm – lw. A different gene, pm – 2s, controlled the intermediate resistance of ‘Seminole Pumpkin’. However, a quantitative inheritance pattern of disease reactions of leaf blades was observed in the greenhouse trials in all crosses, presumably because of the higher inoculum load and the increased intermediate ratings of the heterozygotes under these conditions. Leaf-blade and stem/petiole resistance was completely associated in segregating progenies in the field but not in the greenhouse because of the intermediate susceptibility of the leaf blades of heterozygotes under those conditions. Scanning electron micrographs of powdery mildew on compatible and incompatible hosts showed that differential compatibility occurred in conidial germination. Resistance in ‘La Primera’ involved delayed conidia germination, retarded hyphal growth, shorter conidiophores, and weak sporulation.
Effect of Photoperiod and Irradiance on Floral Development of Young Plants of a Semi-early and a Late Cultivar of Azalea
Authors: Bodson M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
For 2 cultivars of azalea (Rhododendron sp.), floral initiation was earlier when irradiance was increased from 80 to 160 µE m-2s-1. Buds aborted at an early stage of floral initiation in 8-hr days, but this was prevented by increasing the irradiance from 80 to 250 µE m-2s-1. A night interruption of 1.5-hr incandescent light allowed plants kept in 8-hr days to grow vegetatively for a longer time. Inflorescence development increased with increasing daylength and irradiance. In the late cultivar ‘Knut Erwén’, inflorescence development was reduced by low light intensities more than in the semi-early ‘Reinhold Ambrosius’.
In Vitro Acclimatization of Aseptically Cultured Plantlets to Humidity
Authors: Wardle K. , Dobbs E.B. , Short K.C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A method is described whereby relative humidity is reduced in the atmosphere of agar-solidified tissue cultures. Plantlets of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum X morifolium Ramat.) cultured under low humidity exhibited a high mortality rate and those that survived were smaller and had few roots. Severe retardation of stomatal development occurred under reduced humidity and mature stomata had considerably narrower apertures than did plantlets grown at about 100% relative humidity. Plantlets of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. Botrytis group) cultured under reduced humidity also exhibited reduced growth but, in addition, developed large quantities of surface wax and had lower rates of water loss. The results are discussed in relation to the potential uses of the technique for acclimatization of plantlets prior to transfer to soil.
Promotion and Inhibition of Branching in Poinsettia in Grafts between Self-branching and Nonbranching Cultivars
Authors: Stimart Dennis P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Axillary shoot growth on scions of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Wild, ex Klotz) was regulated by grafting nonbranching (‘C-1’) and self-branching (‘Amy’, ‘Glory’, ‘Super Rochford’) cultivars on each other. Branching of ‘C-1’ was increased when scions were grafted onto self-branching rootstocks and branching was decreased on self-branching cultivars grafted onto ‘C-1’ rootstocks. Initiation of axillary bud growth was promoted on younger nodes of ‘C-1’ when grafted onto self-branching rootstocks. Increased branching propensity of ‘C-1’ scions grafted onto rootstocks of self-branching types continued even after vegetative cuttings were rooted. Axillary bud activity was unaffected by leaf removal. Results suggest that axillary bud activity is governed by shoot and root interactions of the plant and that axillary shoot growth is governed by some endogenous factors translocated from the roots across the graft union to the shoot.