bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blue and gray water footprint of some Hungarian milking parlors
Authors: Hodúr Cecilia , Nagypál Virág , Fazekas Ákos , Mikó Edit 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Unpredictable weather conditions urge us to find sustainable water management solutions. This research gives examples for dairy farmers on how to assess water use, calculate water footprint (WF), and find water-saving opportunities. Three large-scale Hungarian dairy farms were selected to assess water use and WF based on characteristics that answer to this research's hypothesis: there is a correlation between milking technology and WF. The WF of feeding was excluded from this research. In a farm using a parallel milking system (Farmpl), the amount of service water, and thus the footprint of blue water, was the highest, more than twice at the polygon (Farmpoly) or robotic (Farmrob) milking parlor service water. The milking robot was less advantageous in water use than polygon milking. The gray water footprint was the most unfavorable for Farmrob. If blue, green, and gray WFs are clarified within a farm, it will be easier to investigate the water uses of dairy farms and assess the ratio of each water category. These data can serve as the basis for dairy farmers dealing with Holstein Friesian cattle for assessment of their water management. The novelty of this research is that no study has investigated the relationship between milking technology and WF.
Evolution of hydrochemistry and isotopic characteristics in shallow alluvial aquifers of Poyang Lake Basin, Eastern China
Authors: Chu Xiaodong , Wang Hao , Li Liangzhong , Ma Zhifei , Wu Daishe , Chen Ting 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The hydrochemical characteristics of shallow groundwater and the factors affecting them were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, Piper trilinear charts, Gibbs charts, and ion ratios, to help improve the groundwater quality of the Poyang Lake Plain. The results showed that the groundwater was weakly acidic, with an average pH of 6.27. was the main ion component, with high stability in the study area. The chemical ions in groundwater were mainly controlled by rock weathering, and Ca2+ and Mg2+ originated from the dissolution of carbonate, silicate, or evaporite. Cation exchange was an important driving factor in the formation of groundwater chemical components in the study area. The shallow groundwater and surface water in the region around Poyang Lake are replenished by precipitation, but both are more affected by evaporation. The large d-excess value indicated that the groundwater was greatly affected by water–rock interactions. The main source of is chemical fertilizer and levels were less affected by domestic sewage, which may be because the study area is a traditional agricultural area. Rock weathering, leaching, and human activities were the main driving factors for the evolution of the chemical characteristics of the groundwater in the study area. These results provide a technical reference and the basis for regional collaborative efforts to control groundwater and surface water pollution.
Alzheimer’s Disease: Treatment of Multi-Factorial Disorders with Multi-
Target Approach
Authors: Singh Palwinder , Kaur Baljit , Vivesh  
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that is almost incurable
with the existing therapeutic interventions. Due to the high-risk factors associated with
this disease, there is a global pursuit of new anti-AD agents. Herein, we explore the biochemical
pathways which are responsible for the initiation/propagation of the disease. It is observed that out
of the two isoforms of β-secretase, β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1)
and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 2 (BACE2) present in the brain, BACE1
plays the predominant role in the commencement of AD. Moreover, the catalytic activities of acetylcholinesterase
and butyrylcholinesterase regulate the concentration of neurotransmitters, and
they are needed to be kept under control during the signs of AD. Hence, these two enzymes also
serve as potential targets for the treatment of AD patients. Keeping in view the multifactorial nature
of the disease, we also reviewed the multitarget approach for the treatment of AD. It is tried
to identify the common structural features of those molecules which act on different cellular targets
during AD therapy.
Gender Differences in Treatment Delays, Management and Mortality
among Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and
Meta-analysis
Authors: Lunova Tetiana , Komorovsky Roman , Klishch Ivan 
Published: July 2022

Background:
We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of existing gender differences
in acute coronary syndrome (ACS), with respect to treatment delays, invasive management
of ACS, and short and long-term mortality in patients with ACS.

Methods:
We defined 37 observational studies (OSs) and 21 randomized trials (RCTs) that best
corresponded to our interests. OSs and RCTs were analyzed separately.

Results:
Women with ACS more often experienced delays in treatment compared to men (OR
1.43; 95% CI, 1.12-1.82) in RCTs. Female patients were less often treated invasively: RCTs (OR
0.87; 95% CI, 0.83-0.9), OSs: (OR 0.66; 95% CI, 0.63-0.68). Women had higher crude in-hospital
mortality (OR 1.56; 95% CI, 1.53-1.59) and 30-day mortality (OR 1.71; 95% CI, 1.22-2.4) in OSs
and (OR 2.74; 95% CI, 2.48-3.02) in RCTs. After adjustment for multiple covariates, gender difference
was attenuated: in-hospital mortality (OR 1.19; 95% CI, 1.17-1.2), 30-day mortality (OR
1.18; 95% CI, 1.12-1.24) in OSs. Unadjusted long-term mortality in women was higher than in
men (OR 1.41; 95% CI, 1.31-1.52) in RCTs and (OR 1.4; 95% CI, 1.3-1.5) in OSs.

Conclusion:
Women with ACS experience a delay in time to treatment more often than men. They
are also less likely to be treated invasively. Females have shown worse crude short-and long-term
all-cause mortality compared to males. However, after adjustment for multiple covariates, a less
significant gender difference has been observed. Considering the difference between crude and adjusted
mortality, we deem it reasonable to conduct further investigations on gender-related influence
of particular risk factors on the outcomes of ACS.
The Protective Role of Grape Seed in Obesity and Lipid Profile: An Updated
Narrative Overview of Preclinical and Clinical Studies
Authors: Samarghandian Saeed , Talebi Marjan , Esmaeeli Hadi , İlgün Selen , Talebi Mohsen , Farkhondeh Tahereh , Mishra Gaurav 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
Obesity and dyslipidemia are common disorders universally. According to the acquired
outcomes of recent studies, dietary supplementations which have great content of phenolic compounds
exert protective effects against obesity and dyslipidemia. Grape [Vitis vinifera] seeds are
considered attractive sources of phenolic compounds with anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory
effects. There are also various experimental studies describing hepatoprotective, neuroprotective,
anti-aging, cardioprotective, and anti-carcinogenic effects of polyphenols isolated from grape
seed, highlighting the therapeutic and biological aspects of proanthocyanidins. The present review
article first discusses pharmacological, botanical, toxicological, and phytochemical characteristics
of Vitis vinifera seeds and afterward designates the protective properties which are attributed to the
intake of grape seeds in obesity and hyperlipidemia. Overall valuable and updated findings of this
study display that polyphenol of grape seeds has meaningful impacts on the regulation of lipid profile
levels and management of obesity.
Role of Macrophage in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Macrophage Polarization
a New Paradigm for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sur Debjeet , Banu Sarmin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
Metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus are usually associated with meta-inflammation.
β-cell failure is a marked feature observed in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a heterogeneous situation that is accompanied by not only defective
insulin secretion but also peripheral insulin resistance. β-cells are the primary organ for insulin
secretion; hence, it is crucial to maintain a significant β-cell mass in response to a variety of changes.
Insulin resistance is a chief cause of T2DM, leading to increased free fatty acid (FFA) levels, which
in turn elevates β-cell mass and insulin secretion as compensation for insulin insensitivity. It has recently
been established that amplified numbers of innate immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines
result in detrimental effects on islets in chronic conditions. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor
(MIF) is the lymphokine that prevents arbitrary migration of macrophages and assembles macrophages
at inflammatory loci. Inflammation is known to trigger monocytes to differentiate into macrophages.
Progress of complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, as indicated through recent findings,
is also dependent on the buildup of macrophages in tissues vulnerable to diabetic injury. The
present article scientifically evaluates the present knowledge concerning the mechanisms of monocyte
and macrophage-mediated injury recruitment in complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
It also describes some of the established and experimental therapies that might bring about a reduction
in these inflammatory complications. Recent discoveries in the field of drug delivery have
facilitated phenotype-specific targeting of macrophages. This review highlights the pathophysiology
of type 2 diabetes mellitus, how macrophage induces type 2 diabetes mellitus and potential therapeutics
for type 2 diabetes mellitus via macrophage-specific delivery.
Digital Phenotyping in Health Using Machine Learning Approaches: Scoping Review
Authors: Dlima Schenelle Dayna , Shevade Santosh , Menezes Sonia Rebecca , Ganju Aakash 
Published: July 2022

Background
Digital phenotyping is the real-time collection of individual-level active and passive data from users in naturalistic and free-living settings via personal digital devices, such as mobile phones and wearable devices. Given the novelty of research in this field, there is heterogeneity in the clinical use cases, types of data collected, modes of data collection, data analysis methods, and outcomes measured.

Objective
The primary aim of this scoping review was to map the published research on digital phenotyping and to outline study characteristics, data collection and analysis methods, machine learning approaches, and future implications.

Methods
We utilized an a priori approach for the literature search and data extraction and charting process, guided by the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews). We identified relevant studies published in 2020, 2021, and 2022 on PubMed and Google Scholar using search terms related to digital phenotyping. The titles, abstracts, and keywords were screened during the first stage of the screening process, and the second stage involved screening the full texts of the shortlisted articles. We extracted and charted the descriptive characteristics of the final studies, which were countries of origin, study design, clinical areas, active and/or passive data collected, modes of data collection, data analysis approaches, and limitations.

Results
A total of 454 articles on PubMed and Google Scholar were identified through search terms associated with digital phenotyping, and 46 articles were deemed eligible for inclusion in this scoping review. Most studies evaluated wearable data and originated from North America. The most dominant study design was observational, followed by randomized trials, and most studies focused on psychiatric disorders, mental health disorders, and neurological diseases. A total of 7 studies used machine learning approaches for data analysis, with random forest, logistic regression, and support vector machines being the most common.

Conclusions
Our review provides foundational as well as application-oriented approaches toward digital phenotyping in health. Future work should focus on more prospective, longitudinal studies that include larger data sets from diverse populations, address privacy and ethical concerns around data collection from consumer technologies, and build “digital phenotypes” to personalize digital health interventions and treatment plans.
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF JACKFRUIT LEAVES EXTRACT LOADED TRANSDERMAL FILMS
Authors: WIJAYA DINA PERMATA , FITRYA  , VERONIKA MELLIN 
Published: July 2022

Objective: The aim of the study was the preparation and characterization of the transdermal films of jackfruit leaves extract.
Methods: A transdermal film loaded jackfruit leaves extract was formulated with chitosan as polymer and used variation concentration of plasticizer are combination from sorbitol and glycerol. The formulation was evaluated organoleptic, stability, folding resistance, uniformity of weight and thickness, water vapor transmission rate, retention capacity, FTIR spectrum, and drug release test.
Results: The results of the organoleptic test showed that the film was flexible, greenish-yellow in color, and had stable physical stability in the preparation. The increase in the concentration of plasticizer also had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the tensile strength test, uniformity of weight and film thickness, water vapor transmission rate, and retention capacity. The results of the FTIR test showed that there was a cross-linking interaction marked by the presence of a new peak at the wavenumber of 1556.31 cm-1. The best penetration test results are found in formula 2 with % penetration of 31.95% and J of 18.08 g cm-2 h-1.
Conclusion: All three formulas of transdermal films of jackfruit leaves extract have met the requirements and F2 showed best in vitro release than F1 and F3.
STANDARDIZATION AND A-GLYCOSIDASE INHIBITION OF EXTRACTS AND NANOPARTICLE EXTRACT OF KEMBANG BULAN LEAVES (TITHONIA DIVERSIVOLIA (HAMSLEY) A. GRAY)
Authors: DJAMIL RATNA , RAHMAT DENI , AZKIA HILMA , PRATAMI DIAH KARTIKA , SWANDINY GREESTY FINOTORY 
Published: July 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was the determination of the quality parameters of the antidiabetic activity of 70% ethanol extract and Kembang Bulan leaf nanoparticle extract.
Methods: Kembang Bulan powder was macerated kinetic with 70% ethanol, evaporated until a thick extract was obtained using a rotary evaporator, then specific and non-specific parameters were determined, and phytochemical screening was done. The extract was tested for anti-diabetic activity in vitro using the α-glucosidase enzyme.
Results: Phytochemical screening results show the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, essential oils, coumarin, steroids, and triterpenoids. The results of quality parameter examination showed that the extract had a thick consistency, blackish-brown color, aromatic odor, 75.20% dissolved compound and 71.97% dissolved compound in ethanol, 9.65% drying shrinkage, 8.73% moisture content, the remaining solvent is 0.43%, the total ash content is 7.12%, the acid insoluble ash content is 0.93%, the Pb level is 0.1167 mg/kg BW, the Cd level is 0.0620 mg/kg BW, the ALT microbial contamination is 0.6827x and Mold and yeast contamination 0.156x. Total flavonoid levels were 1.15%.
Conclusion: The test results can be concluded that the 70% ethanol extract and nanoparticle extracts from Kembang Bulan leaves can inhibit the activity of the αglucosidase enzyme and the inhibitory results obtained by the nanoparticle extract are greater than the 70% ethanol extract.
FORMULATION AND ACTIVITY TEST OF SUNFLOWER OIL (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) LIQUID SOAP AS ANTI ACNE
Authors: ISKANDAR BENNI , PUTRI RANI SEPTIANA , NOVITA GRESSY , SURBOYO MEIRCURIUS DWI CONDRO , LENY  , LEE CHING-KUO 
Published: July 2022

Objective: This study aims to obtain a liquid soap containing sunflower oil which has a good physical characteristics and stability, also has potential as an antibacterial towards acne bacteria.
Methods: Sunflower oil is formulated into liquid facial wash with various concentrations 10% (F1); 15% (F2); and 20% (F3). Evaluation of preparations includes organoleptic test, pH value, specific gravity, viscosity, foaming ability, foam stability, freeze and thaw stability, and antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes which causes acne by using the disc diffusion method. Data obtained was analyzed using Kruskal Wallis statistical test, One Way ANOVA, and descriptive test.
Results: Based on the results of the evaluation of the preparations, it was found that the organoleptic examination of F1, F2, and F3 liquid soap preparations had a thick liquid form, milky white in color, with the smell of rose. Liquid facial wash preparations of F1, F2, and F3 meet the evaluation requirements of pH, specific gravity, viscosity, ability to form foam, stable during storage in various degrees. Based on the analysis of the One Way ANOVA statistical test, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the diameter of the inhibition zone between each group of formulas.
Conclusion: It was concluded that the liquid facial wash preparations of sunflower oil F1, F2, and F3 were physically stable during storage, and based on the antibacterial activity test it was known that F3 had the greatest bacterial inhibition with a strong inhibition category (32.19±0.36 mm)
ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION, AND ANTIBACTERIAL OF AMENTOFLAVONE FROM GARCINIA LATISSIMA MIQ. LEAVES
Authors: AMBARWATI NENENG SITI SILFI , ELYA BERNA , MALIK AMARILA , HANAFI MUHAMMAD , AWANG MUHAMAD SHARUL NIZAM 
Published: July 2022

Objective: This study aimed to isolate and identify the Bacillus subtilis antibacterial compound present in the leaves of the Garcinia latissima Miq.
Methods: The extracts were obtained by maceration successively, and the active extract was fractionated by column chromatography. The isolation of the most active fraction was performed by open column chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography. The isolate antibacterial assay against Bacillus subtilis by microdilution method. The compound structure of the isolate was identified by the nuclear magnetic resonance method.
Results: The most active extract of the extracts from Garcinia latissima Miq. leaves against Bacillus subtilis are the methanol extract. The most active fractions of the fractions from G. latissima Miq. Leaves methanolic extract was isolated. The active isolate was identified as Amentoflavone.
Conclusion: G. latissima Miq. leaves had the potential to be used as antibacterial medicinal herbs and one of the isolates of G. latissima Miq. is amentoflavone (active against B. Subtilis).
FORMULATION GEL SELF NANOEMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM (SNEDDS) ALPHA-BISABOLOL AS ANTIOXIDANT
Authors: RAMADHAN JANUAR AKBAR , NOOR SITI UMRAH 
Published: July 2022

Objective: Alpha-Bisabolol is monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol obtained from the distillation of chamomile flowers (Matricaria chamomilla), that has many uses in the pharmaceutical industry, one of them is an antioxidant. Alpha-Bisabolol was formulated into Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) to protect it from oxidation reactions in skin metabolism and to help penetrate it to the dermis layer where it works. The purpose of this study is to develop the use of Alpha-Bisabolol as an antioxidant that is formulated into SNEDDS gel dosage form. Optimization of SNEDDS was carried out on four formulas with a different comparison of surfactant and use of percent transmittance as the parameter.
Methods: Optimum SNEDDS is then tested for characterization, including dispersibility test, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and freeze-thaw cycle. The result for SNEDDS optimization shows that formula 4 produces the highest percent transmittance of 99.44±0.04%.
Results: Optimum formula that was characterized resulting clear nanoemulsion with an emulsification time 29.64±0.09 second, with the particle size of 16.74 nm, PDI of 0.121, and zeta potential of-18.7 mV also shows good stability after freeze-thaw cycle test for three cycles. Optimum SNEDDS then formulate to gel form. Based on the result of the physical and chemical quality evaluation test for Alpha-Bisabolol SNEDDS gel, it was found that SNEDDS gel was homogeneous with a clear yellowish appearance, odorless with semi-solid form, had viscosity 180±2 cP with plastic thixotropy flow properties, spreadability 2937.7691±2.40 mm2 and pH 5.55±0.015.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that Alpha-Bisabolol and SNEDDS Alpha-Bisabolol gel have antioxidant activity with IC50 of 123.78 g/ml and 371.44 g/ml, respectively.
PRELIMINARY STUDY FOR COVID-19 DRUG DISCOVERY OF 30 PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS FROM TETRAGONULA SP. PROPOLIS AS PAK1 INHIBITOR THROUGH MOLECULAR DOCKING
Authors: ASIH SAFIRA CANDRA , SAHLAN MUHAMAD , NASIKIN MOHAMMAD 
Published: July 2022

Objective: This study aims to evaluate 30 phytochemical compounds from Tetragonula sp. propolis as a PAK1 inhibitor using molecular docking.
Methods: Thirty propolis compounds were initially confirmed before docking to comply with Lipinski rules. This simulation was performed against PAK1 using AutodockVina, while interaction profile visualization was conducted between the ligand and receptor through Ligplot+and PyMol.
Results: Based on the docking score, inhibition constants, and interaction profile analyses, glyurallin B, glyasperin A, and broussoflavonol F were found to be the most potent compounds used as PAK1 inhibitors. According to several literature studies, the propolis compounds were synergistic, leading to adequate collective utilization.
Conclusion: These results implicated the potentials of Tetragonula sp. propolis as a therapeutic agent against COVID-19; however, further studies are still needed.