bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential advantages of ketamine over electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of nonrefractory severe depression in older patients with multiple medical comorbidities
Authors: Rocha Fábio Lopes , Cunha Ulisses Gabriel V. , Duarte Débora B. , Hara Cláudia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDepression in older adults with multiple medical comorbidities can contribute to clinical deterioration, and increased mortality. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the first-line treatment for these patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of subcutaneous (SC) ketamine as an alternative to ECT. We reviewed the medical records of all consecutive older inpatients with severe depression and multiple medical comorbidities who were referred for ECT but treated with SC ketamine over 1 year in our institution. Demographic data, DSM-5 diagnosis, MÅDRS score, and CGI score were analyzed. Twelve patients aged 67–94 years were included. All patients were rated as severely ill, 83% were women, with a mean of 12.6 (SD, 1.4) medical comorbidities. Remission was achieved in 75% of the intention-to-treat population and 100% of treatment completers. The number of sessions ranged from 1 to 6, and days until remission from 1 to 16. Patients remained without relapse for 8–28 months. SC ketamine was safe and well tolerated, and most adverse events were mild and transient. Although limited by the retrospective open-label design of the study and small sample size, our findings provide a potential new indication for ketamine: treatment of severe depression, not necessarily resistant to antidepressants, in older patients with multiple medical comorbidities, at risk of clinical deterioration, and referral for ECT. SC ketamine was highly effective in this population, with no relapse and good tolerance. Randomized controlled trials are needed to adequately test the use of ketamine in this specific group.
“To Speak As an Oracle of Christ”: Bishop G. E. Patterson and the Afterlives of Ecstasy
Authors: Shelley Braxton 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article attends to the musical afterlife of the late Bishop Gilbert Earl Patterson, a Pentecostal minister who, at the time of his death, served as presiding bishop of the largest African American Pentecostal denomination, the Church of God in Christ. In it, I theorize the nexus of faith, media, and sound that lifted Bishop Patterson to the heights of ecclesial power during his lifetime, while laying the groundwork for a pervasive posthumous presence: broadcast religion. Placing Patterson's life-long preoccupation with various modes of technical mediation in conversation with his extremely musical approach to preaching, I will show that Bishop Patterson's technophilic Pentecostalism takes an enchanted view of devices like microphones, radios, televisions, and cameras, understanding each as a channel through which spiritual power can flow. As Patterson's voice and broadcasting infrastructure produce intimacy with countless scriptural scenes, they commingle mediation and immediacy, cultivating an enduring affect that I refer to as afterliveness. Transcending any single homiletic event, afterliveness depends on sermonic sound reproduction, effected by Patterson through both the practice of recording and through ecstatic acts of musical repetition, a set of recurring musical procedures that endow the bishop's ministry with an eternal pitch.
How Is the Ocean Anthropogenic Carbon Reservoir Filled?
Authors: Davila Xabier , Gebbie Geoffrey , Brakstad Ailin , Lauvset Siv K. , McDonagh Elaine L. , Schwinger Jörg , Olsen Are 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAbout a quarter of the total anthropogenic CO2 emissions during the industrial era has been absorbed by the ocean. The rate limiting step for this uptake is the transport of the anthropogenic carbon (Cant) from the ocean mixed layer where it is absorbed to the interior ocean where it is stored. While it is generally known that deep water formation sites are important for vertical carbon transport, the exact magnitude of the fluxes across the base of the mixed layer in different regions is uncertain. Here, we determine where, when, and how much Cant has been injected across the mixed‐layer base and into the interior ocean since the start of the industrialized era. We do this by combining a transport matrix derived from observations with a time‐evolving boundary condition obtained from already published estimates of ocean Cant. Our results show that most of the Cant stored below the mixed layer are injected in the subtropics (40.1%) and the Southern Ocean (36.0%), while the Subpolar North Atlantic has the largest fluxes. The Subpolar North Atlantic is also the most important region for injecting Cant into the deep ocean with 81.6% of the Cant reaching depths greater than 1,000 m. The subtropics, on the other hand, have been the most efficient in transporting Cant across the mixed‐layer base per volume of water ventilated. This study shows how the oceanic Cant uptake relies on vertical transports in a few oceanic regions and sheds light on the pathways that fill the ocean Cant reservoir.
Groundwater Model Impacts Multiannual Simulations of Heat Waves
Authors: Furusho‐Percot C. , Goergen K. , Hartick C. , Poshyvailo‐Strube L. , Kollet S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractClimate change increases the frequency and intensity of heat waves, bringing along multiple adverse impacts on ecosystems, human health, societies, and the economy. Groundwater influences the near surface air temperature evolution through land–atmosphere interactions. Using simplified and shallow groundwater representations, reproducing heat waves in a regional climate model (RCM) is challenging. Currently, RCMs applied over Europe exhibit a warm bias. This study analyzes heat waves over a 13‐year evaluation period, comparing the terrestrial systems modeling platform (TSMP) with an explicit groundwater representation to a EURO‐CORDEX RCM ensemble, the ERA5 reanalysis, and observations. The TSMP multiannual heat wave statistics are consistent with observations and reanalysis data. We attribute the lower absolute deviations of heat wave metrics simulated by TSMP to the improved hydrology including 3D groundwater flow. The findings emphasize the importance of hydrological process representation in RCMs.
Impact of Anticyclonic Eddy on Nonlinear Wave‐Wave Interaction in the Southern South China Sea During Late Summer 2020
Authors: Xu Hongzhou , Zhang Zhipeng , Vetter Philip Adam , Xie Qiang , Long Tong , Hong Bo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNonlinear wave‐wave interaction (WWI) in the southern South China Sea (SCS) has rarely been investigated due to sparse field observation. By analyzing datasets recorded by two adjacent moorings, we find active nonlinear WWI among diurnal internal tides (D1 ITs), near‐inertial waves (NIWs), and D1‐f waves in this area. Although the blue shift of NIWs can provide part of the energy for D1‐f waves, the bulk of D1‐f energy was generated from the nonlinear WWI. Driven by the summer monsoon, a dipole of mesoscale eddies was formed off the central Vietnam coast and intruded into the study area. The anticyclonic eddy of the dipole reduced the local effective Coriolis frequency by providing negative vorticity and suppressed the nonlinear WWI locally. During the intrusion period, D1‐f waves almost vanished suggesting the important role of mesoscale eddy on adjusting the nonlinear WWI in the SCS.
Persistence of the Large‐Scale Interior Deep Ocean Circulation in Global Repeat Hydrographic Sections
Authors: Hautala Susan L. , Finucane Garrett 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn assumption of steady‐state is a common basis for deep ocean circulation theory and observational strategies. We use GO‐SHIP's Easy Ocean uniformly gridded CTD data from repeat hydrographic sections to test this assumption. In particular, we ask: for what regions of the world ocean is there evidence that the planetary scale deep geostrophic shear and potential vorticity fields, related to potential density gradients, are in quasi‐steady‐state over the modern observational period? We find that away from boundary currents, planetary‐scale potential density gradients in most parts of the deep ocean are stable from occupation to occupation, with higher variability in a few expected regions and for shorter sections. Median standard errors from all sections are 12%–17% in the Pacific, 10%–23% in the Atlantic, and 11%–36% in the Indian Ocean, with the highest values at 2,000 dbar and lowest at 4,000 dbar.
An Integral View of the Gulf of Tonkin Seasonal Dynamics
Authors: Zavala‐Garay Javier , Rogowski Peter , Wilkin John , Terrill Eric , Shearman R. Kipp , Tran Lam Hong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs part of a U.S. – Vietnam collaborative effort, a numerical model is used to describe the dynamics associated with the Gulf of Tonkin seasonal variability. Unique to this study is the synthesis of historical and recent observations throughout the gulf that are leveraged to validate the model's seasonal component. The dynamics is primarily forced by seasonally reversing monsoons, remote transports through the Qiongzhou Strait and by the western boundary current, and river discharge. Monsoonal winds set up pressure gradients across the gulf that tend to be balanced by geostrophic flows (cyclonic during the winter and anticyclonic during the summer). However, a number of processes modify the wind‐driven dynamics with all of them promoting cyclonic circulation. In the eastern region, the tides influence the seasonal variability via (a) a tidal‐residual flow producing an influx of mass through the Qiongzhou Strait and (b) through modification of the summer baroclinic density field. In the western region, the seasonal variability can be strongly dependent on river buoyancy flows and intrusions of the western boundary current. Southwest summer winds produce a low salinity bulge near the Red River mouth that releases and advects as a southward coastal current during the fall as winds relax and reverse direction. Additionally, the vorticity budget shows that topographic steering constrains the seasonal variability promoting intrusions of the western boundary current during winter monsoon conditions, when the current carries water of shallow origin from the Chinese shelf.
Ultraviolet Photooxidation of Smectite‐Bound Fe(II) and Implications for the Origin of Martian Nontronites
Authors: Rivera Banuchi V. B. , Liu W. , Yee N. , Legett C. , Glotch T. D. , Chemtob S. M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractClay minerals detected with orbital and in situ instruments in ancient Martian terrains constrain Mars' climate and aqueous alteration history. Early in its history, Mars experienced an atmospheric redox change and iron‐bearing clay minerals may preserve the effects of that transition. Ferrous smectites, the thermodynamically predicted product of chemical weathering of basalts under anoxic conditions, may have undergone oxidation by exposure to chemical oxidants in the atmosphere or regolith, or by direct photooxidation at the surface. To assess these potential oxidation pathways, ferrous trioctahedral smectites of varying initial iron content were synthesized and subjected to oxidation by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Experimental UV irradiation under an anoxic atmosphere equivalent to approximately 7 years of flux on the Martian surface caused partial oxidation of smectite‐bound Fe (Fe3+/ΣFe = 16–18%) and octahedral sheet contraction. Metal‐OH vibrational bands in visible/near infrared (VNIR) reflectance spectra of oxidized smectites changed in band depth and asymmetry with higher iron content. X‐ray diffraction patterns of UV irradiated samples indicate the formation of a mixed di‐ and trioctahedral smectite or a secondary nontronite phase, possibly on the surfaces of higher iron content smectites. These experiments suggest that UV irradiation is able to oxidize structurally bound iron in smectites without the presence of other chemical oxidants. Photooxidation may have influenced the mineralogy, both syndepositionally and postdepositionally, of Martian alteration assemblages formed near the surface and this process needs not be limited to one part of their formation history.
Using Simple, Explainable Neural Networks to Predict the Madden‐Julian Oscillation
Authors: Martin Zane K. , Barnes Elizabeth A. , Maloney Eric 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFew studies have utilized machine learning techniques to predict or understand the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO), a key source of subseasonal variability and predictability. Here, we present a simple framework for real‐time MJO prediction using shallow artificial neural networks (ANNs). We construct two ANN architectures, one deterministic and one probabilistic, that predict a real‐time MJO index using maps of tropical variables. These ANNs make skillful MJO predictions out to ∼18 days in October‐March and ∼11 days in April‐September, outperforming conventional linear models and efficiently capturing aspects of MJO predictability found in more complex, dynamical models. The flexibility and explainability of simple ANN frameworks are highlighted through varying model input and applying ANN explainability techniques that reveal sources and regions important for ANN prediction skill. The accessibility, performance, and efficiency of this simple machine learning framework is more broadly applicable to predict and understand other Earth system phenomena.
The Sediment Green‐Blue Color Ratio as a Proxy for Biogenic Silica Productivity Along the Chilean Margin
Authors: Li Chen , Clementi Vincent J. , Bova Samantha C. , Rosenthal Yair , Childress Laurel B. , Wright James D. , Jian Zhimin ,   Expedition 379T Scientists
Published: May 2022

AbstractSediment cores recently collected from the Chilean Margin during D/V JOIDES Resolution Expedition 379T (JR100) document variability in shipboard‐generated records of the green/blue (G/B) ratio. These changes show a strong coherence with benthic foraminiferal δ18O, Antarctic ice core records, and sediment lithology (e.g., higher diatom abundances in greener sediment intervals), suggesting a climate‐related control on the G/B. Here, we test the utility of G/B as a proxy for diatom productivity at Sites J1002 and J1007 by calibrating G/B to measured biogenic opal. Strong exponential correlations between measured opal% and the G/B were found at both sites. We use the empirical regressions to generate high‐resolution records of opal contents (opal%) on the Chilean Margin. Higher productivity tends to result in more reducing sedimentary conditions. Redox‐sensitive sedimentary U/Th generally co‐varies with the reconstructed opal% at both sites, supporting the association between sediment color, sedimentary U/Th, and productivity. Lastly, we calculated opal mass accumulation rate (MAR) at Site J1007 over the last ∼150,000 years. The G/B‐derived opal MAR record from Site J1007 largely tracks existing records derived from traditional wet‐alkaline digestion from the south and eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) Ocean, with a common opal flux peak at ∼50 ka suggesting that increased diatom productivity in the EEP was likely driven by enhanced nutrient supply from the Southern Ocean rather than dust inputs as previously suggested. Collectively, our results identify the G/B ratio as a useful tool with the potential to generate reliable, high‐resolution paleoceanographic records that circumvent the traditionally laborious methodology.
Density Compressions at Magnetic Switchbacks Associated With Fast Plasma: A Superposed Epoch Analysis
Authors: Liu Ruoyan , Liu Yong C.‐M. , Huang Jia , Huang Zhaohui , Klecker Berndt , Wang Chi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMany magnetic field “switchbacks” were detected by the Parker Solar Probe and their origin remains a puzzle. We did a superposed epoch analysis (SEA) to investigate the plasma characteristics in the vicinity of switchbacks and their radial evolution. SEA is good way to get the statistical average features of certain types of events that have obvious boundaries and different durations. For 55 events ranging from 1 to 30 min, the SEA results show that a small parcel of plasma is piling up in front of the reversed field, and that the trailing plasma density enhancement is much lower. This asymmetry can be explained in part by a fast ejecta and plasma piling up around it. The evolution of events at different distances from the Sun also supports that the switchbacks are related to the faster flow near the Sun. However, these features cannot rule out the possibility that these switchbacks and the related fast flows may be caused by the interchange reconnection near the surface of the Sun.
In Recognition of Our 2021 Peer Reviewers
Authors: Montési Laurent G. J. , Määttänen Anni , Rogers A. Deanne , Thomson Bradley J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPeer reviewing is the key to ensuring that the articles published in scientific journals such as JGR: Planets are based on sound scientific principles, follow state‐of‐the‐art techniques, and present exciting discoveries or novel understanding of the fundamental processes that affect solar system objects. Our journal covers an extraordinarily broad range of topics addressing every aspect of geoscience with the only requirement that the work should not be solely focused on the Earth. Our editorial team in 2021 comprised Gareth Collins, Jun Cui, Joel Davis, Caleb Fassett, Leigh Fletcher, Matthias Grott, Ananya Mallik, German Martínez, Molly McCanta, Ryan Park, Andrew Poppe, Beatrix Sanchez‐Cano, Mariek Schmidt, Yasuhito Sekine, Kelsi Singer, Sonia Tikoo, David Trang, and Zhiyong Xiao, in addition to the authors of this note. No matter how eclectic, our team cannot be specialized in every subject. With the universe as our playground, we rely on the expertise of the community to vet the articles submitted to the journal. In 2021, JGR: Planets benefited from 951 reviews provided by 597 unique reviewers. We also received help from 25 guest editors working on 5 active special collections. We know that most juggle many duties, both professional and personal. We are forever grateful that they chose to dedicate their time and energy to evaluating submitted manuscripts and advising us on the suitability of each manuscript for our journal, often suggesting ways to improve the paper. Scientific publishing truly is a community effort. The entire editorial board of JGR: Planets wishes to express here our most heartfelt gratitude to the many scientists who chose to support this journal, their journal. Thank you!
Functional and pathologic association of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases with cancer
Authors: Sung Yulseung , Yoon Ina , Han Jung Min , Kim Sunghoon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough key tumorigenic and tumor-suppressive factors have been unveiled over the last several decades, cancer remains the most life-threatening disease. Multiomic analyses of patient samples and an in-depth understanding of tumorigenic processes have rapidly revealed unexpected pathologic associations of new cellular factors previously overlooked in cancer biology. In this regard, the newly discovered activities of human aminoacyl-tRNA synthases (ARSs) deserve attention not only for their pathological significance in tumorigenesis but also regarding diagnostic and therapeutic implications. ARSs are not only essential enzymes covalently linking substrate amino acids to cognate tRNAs for protein synthesis but also function as regulators of cellular processes by sensing different cellular conditions. With their catalytic role in protein synthesis and their regulatory role in homeostasis, functional alterations or dysregulation of ARSs might be pathologically associated with tumorigenesis. This review focuses on the potential implications of ARS genes and proteins in different aspects of cancer based on various bioinformatic analyses and experimental data. We also review their diverse activities involving extracellular secretion, protein–protein interactions, and amino acid sensing, which are related to cancers. The newly discovered cancer-related activities of ARSs are expected to provide new opportunities for detecting, preventing and curing cancers.
Discovery of lignin-transforming bacteria and enzymes in thermophilic environments using stable isotope probing
Authors: Levy-Booth David J , Navas Laura E , Fetherolf Morgan M , Liu Li-Yang , Dalhuisen Thomas , Renneckar Scott , Eltis Lindsay D , Mohn William W 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Characterizing microorganisms and enzymes involved in lignin biodegradation in thermal ecosystems can identify thermostable biocatalysts. We integrated stable isotope probing (SIP), genome-resolved metagenomics, and enzyme characterization to investigate the degradation of high-molecular weight, 13C-ring-labeled synthetic lignin by microbial communities from moderately thermophilic hot spring sediment (52 °C) and a woody “hog fuel” pile (53 and 62 °C zones). 13C-Lignin degradation was monitored using IR-GCMS of 13CO2, and isotopic enrichment of DNA was measured with UHLPC-MS/MS. Assembly of 42 metagenomic libraries (72 Gb) yielded 344 contig bins, from which 125 draft genomes were produced. Fourteen genomes were significantly enriched with 13C from lignin, including genomes of Actinomycetes (Thermoleophilaceae, Solirubrobacteraceae, Rubrobacter sp.), Firmicutes (Kyrpidia sp., Alicyclobacillus sp.) and Gammaproteobacteria (Steroidobacteraceae). We employed multiple approaches to screen genomes for genes encoding putative ligninases and pathways for aromatic compound degradation. Our analysis identified several novel laccase-like multi-copper oxidase (LMCO) genes in 13C-enriched genomes. One of these LMCOs was heterologously expressed and shown to oxidize lignin model compounds and minimally transformed lignin. This study elucidated bacterial lignin depolymerization and mineralization in thermal ecosystems, establishing new possibilities for the efficient valorization of lignin at elevated temperature.
MBD3 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression and metastasis through negative regulation of tumour suppressor TFPI2
Authors: Yan Weiwei , Han Qiuying , Gong Lin , Zhan Xiaoyan , Li Wanjin , Guo Zenglin , Zhao Jiangman , Li Tingting , Bai Zhaofang , Wu Jin , Huang Yan , Lv Luye , Zhao Haixin , Cai Hong , Huang Shaoyi , Diao Xinwei , Chen Yuan , Gong Weili , Xia Qing , Man Jianghong , Chen Liang , Dai Guanghai , Zhou Tao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The mechanism of recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is complex and challenging. Methyl-CpG binding domain protein 3 (MBD3) is a key epigenetic regulator involved in the progression and metastasis of several cancers, but its role in HCC remains unknown.

Methods
MBD3 expression in HCC was detected by immunohistochemistry and its association with clinicopathological features and patient’s survival was analysed. The effects of MBD3 on hepatoma cells growth and metastasis were investigated, and the mechanism was explored.

Results
MBD3 is significantly highly expressed in HCC, associated with the advanced tumour stage and poor prognosis in HCC patients. MBD3 promotes the growth, angiogenesis and metastasis of HCC cells by inhibiting the tumour suppressor tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2). Mechanistically, MBD3 can inhibit the TFPI2 transcription via the Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex-mediated deacetylation, thus reactivating the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, leading to the progression and metastasis of HCC

Conclusions
Our results unravel the novel regulatory function of MBD3 in the progression and metastasis of HCC and identify MBD3 as an independent unfavourable prognostic factor for HCC patients, suggesting its potential as a promising therapeutic target as well.