bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Biopesticide to Control of Thrips palmi on potato Plant of Sorik Merapi Mountain, Madina, North Sumatera
Authors: Siregar A Z , Tulus  , Yunilas  , Nisa S C A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Potato is one type of horticultural crop has high economic value after rice, corn and sago. This study aimed to compare the concentration of tabacco leaf extract, neem leaf and betel leaf in controlling T. palmi and their effect on potato plant growth. The research was conducted in August-September 2021 at the Happy Poktan agricultural land in Hutanamale Village, Sorik Mas District, Mandailing Natal. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with treatment with tabacco leaf extract concentration (A0=0%, A1=10%, A2=20%, A3=30%); papaya leaf extract (A4=10%, A5=20%, A6=30%) and betel leaf extract (A7=10%; A8=20%, A9=30%). The results showed that tabacco leaf extract greatly affected mortality and plant damage, followed by papaya leaf extract and had no significant effect when using betel leaf extract. The effective concentration to control T. palmi was a concentration A3 of tabacco leaf extract which caused 84.23% mortality compared to A1 (74%) and A2 (71.46%), respectively. The highest concentration of 50% was able to cause mortality of 93.15% with the lowest damage of 51.49% used the betel leaves. When the use of papaya extract affected the mortality of T.palmi (A6=85.12%), while the lowest at A4 (72.85%) and A5 (70.18%).
The Effect of Adding Wood Chips on The Decomposition of Sludge from Seafood Processing Wastewater Treatment System
Authors: Vo D N K , Tokuoka M , Phan N T , Tran V Q 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study evaluates the effect of various wood chips on the sludge decomposition process. Sludge from Surimi processing wastewater treatment system (AS) of Danifood factory in Danang city was mixed with local wood chips as bulking agents (BA) including Khaya senegalensis (D), Acasia (A) and sawdust (S). The weight ratio of AS/BA added to each aerobic model was 1:1, 1.5:1 and 2:1 for K, A and S, respectively. The results showed that variations of temperature and pH were suitable for aerobic biochemical process. K and S model reached 50 °C in three days and remained stably for next four days, whereas A reached 50 °C after ten days and remained stably for six days. The value of seed germination index from decomposed sludge was more than 80% for K and A whereas 48 - 60 % for S. It is necessary to consider the type or composition of sawdust when utilize it as a BA. In addition, the TOC and T-N of AS after decomposition met Vietnamese standard for organic fertilizer quality, so they could be used to supply nutrients to plants. This study is an important basis for the BAs selection to conduct experiments aim at AS recovery.
Experimental study of single-translated field-reversed configuration in KMAX
Authors: LIAO Hui , HU Chaoqi , LI Yilin , REN Baoming , SUN Xuan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
For collisional merging field-reversed configurations (FRCs), it is desired to have both FRCs tuned to be approximately the same, as well as to optimize each FRC to have high temperature and high translation speed so as to retain most of the equilibrium flux after traveling a distance to the middle plane for merging. The present study reports the experimental study of a single-translated FRC in the KMAX-FRC device with various diagnostics, including a triple probe, a bolometer, several magnetic probe arrays, and a novel 2D internal magnetic probe array. According to the measurements conducted in the present study, a maximum toroidal magnetic field equal to ∼1/3 of the external magnetic field inside the FRC separatrix radius is observed, and the typical parameters of a single-translated FRC near the device’s mid-plane are n
e ∼ (2–4)×1019 m−3, T
e ∼ 8 eV, T
i ∼ 5 eV, r
s ∼ 0.2 m, l
s ∼ 0.6 m and ϕ
p(RR) ∼ 0.2 mWb. The 2D magnetic topology measurement revealed, for the first time, the time evolution of the overall internal magnetic fields of a single-translated FRC, and an optimized operation regime is given in the paper.
Argon plume transition from a hollow swell to a diffuse swell with increasing amplitude of a trapezoidal voltage
Authors: CHEN Junyu , ZHANG Furong , JIA Pengying , ZHAO Na , WU Kaiyue , WU Jiacun , RAN Junxia , PANG Xuexia , LI Xuechen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Atmospheric pressure plasma jets can generate a remote plasma plume, which usually presents a conical or cylindrical morphology. Despite a few morphologies being observed, efforts should be made to obtain more plume structures because streamer dynamics may be revealed from them. For this purpose, an argon plasma plume excited by a trapezoidal voltage is investigated, which presents two kinds of swells (a hollow swell and a diffuse swell) with increasing voltage amplitude (V
p). The results indicate that there are two positive discharges (Dp1 and Dp2) and one negative discharge (Dn) per voltage cycle for both of the swells. With increasing V
p, the inception voltage and discharge intensity increase for every positive discharge, while they decrease for the negative discharge. Fast photography reveals that the positive streamer (Dp2) leaves different tracks in the two swells, which are curved in the hollow swell and randomly branched in the diffuse swell. The different tracks of Dp2 are explained with the consideration of applied field strength and residual positive ions of Dp1. The existence of residual positive ions is finally verified from optical emission spectra.
l-Tryptophan-starved cultivation enhances S-allyl-l-cysteine synthesis in various food-related microorganisms
Authors: Mizutani Taku , Hara Ryotaro , Takeuchi Michiki , Yamagishi Kazuo , Hirao Yoshinori , Mori Kenichi , Hibi Makoto , Ueda Makoto , Ogawa Jun 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
S-Allyl-l-cysteine (SAC) has received much interest due to its beneficial effects on human health. To satisfy the increasing demand for SAC, this study aims to develop a valuable culturing method for microbial screening synthesizing SAC from readily available materials. Although tryptophan synthase is a promising enzyme for SAC synthesis, its expression in microorganisms is strictly regulated by environmental l-tryptophan. Thus, we constructed a semisynthetic medium lacking l-tryptophan using casamino acids. This medium successfully enhanced the SAC-synthesizing activity of Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris NBRC 100676. In addition, microorganisms with high SAC-synthesizing activity were screened by the same medium. Food-related Klebsiella pneumoniae K-15 and Pantoea agglomerans P-3 were found to have a significantly increased SAC-synthesizing activity. The SAC-producing process established in this study is shorter in duration than the conventional garlic aging method. Furthermore, this study proposes a promising alternative strategy for producing food-grade SAC by microorganisms.
Chronic kidney disease, survival and graft-versus-host-disease-free/relapse-free survival in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Pelletier Karyne , Côté Gabrielle , Madsen Kayla , Chen Shiyi , Kim S Joseph , Chan Christopher T , Mattsson Jonas , Pasic Ivan , Kitchlu Abhijat 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Advances in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) have increased patient survival, although substantial treatment-related toxicity remains, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). We assessed the association between CKD and survival and transplant-specific outcomes in HSCT recipients.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of all 408 adult patients with allogenic HSCT at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Toronto, Canada, 2015–18). We used logistic regression to identify risk factors for CKD at 1 year post-transplant. Associations between CKD at 1 year and overall survival, relapse-free survival, graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD)-free/relapse-free survival, relapse and transplant-related mortality were examined using extended time-varying Cox models. In a sensitivity analysis, we restricted the cohort to survivors at 1 year, using standard Cox proportional hazard models to examine associations between CKD and overall survival, relapse-free survival and GVHD-free/relapse-free survival, and Fine and Gray's competing risk models to determine associations between CKD and relapse/transplant-related mortality.

Results
The prevalence of CKD at 1 year was 19% (46 patients) with median follow-up of 23 months. Multivariable regression identified age at transplant [adjusted OR (aOR) 1.09, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.05–1.14; P &lt; 0.0001), female gender (aOR 2.83, 95% CI = 1.34–5.97; P = 0.006) and acute kidney injury during the first 100 days (aOR 3.86, 95% CI = 1.70–8.73; P = 0.001) as risk factors for CKD at 1 year. Patients with CKD at 1 year had significantly poorer overall survival than those without CKD, when adjusted for relevant covariates [adjusted HR (aHR) 1.93, 95% CI = 1.02–3.66; P = 0.04 in the time-varying Cox model, and aHR 2.06, 95% CI = 1.04–4.07; P = 0.04 using the standard Cox model]. CKD at 1 year was also associated with worse GVHD-free/relapse-free survival (aHR 1.65, 95% CI = 1.04–2.61; P = 0.03).

Conclusions
CKD adversely affects the long-term prognosis for allogeneic HSCT recipients, with increased mortality risk and worse GVHD-free/relapse-free survival.
Intestinal Ultrasound for Differentiating Fibrotic or Inflammatory Stenosis in Crohn’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Chenjing , Jiang Wenyu , Wang Lu , Mao Xiaqiong , Ye Ziping , Zhang Hongjie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Intestinal ultrasound [IUS] has been increasingly reported to distinguish inflammatory or fibrotic intestinal stenosis in Crohn’s disease [CD] patients. However, the diagnostic value is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic role of different modes of IUS parameters.

Methods
We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from inception to August 2021. Regarding effect sizes, weighted mean differences [WMDs] or standardised mean differences [SMDs] were used. We pooled data using a random-effects or fixed-effects model according to heterogeneity. The diagnostic accuracy of IUS for distinguishing fibrosis was pooled.

Results
A total of 19 studies were retained for qualitative analysis, and 14 were included in the meta-analysis [with 511 total subjects and 635 bowel segments]. In patients with fibrotic stenosis, the pooled WMDs for bowel wall thickness were 1.30 mm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69-1.91) thicker than in patients with inflammatory stenosis, and the pooled SMDs for strain value and strain ratio were 0.80 [95% CI: 0.41-1.20] and 1.08 [95% CI: 0.55-1.60] harder than in patients with inflammatory stenosis, respectively. The percentage of maximal enhancement of fibrotic stenosis was lower than that of inflammatory stenosis [WMD -10.03; 95% CI: -17.91- -2.16]. The diagnostic accuracy of IUS was not performed because only a few studies provided relevant diagnostic indicators, and these studies used different modes and parameters.

Conclusions
IUS currently is inaccurate to differentiate fibrotic or inflammatory stenosis in CD patients, and more studies assessing the significance of each parameter and its cut-off value in different modes of IUS are needed to be conducted in the future.
An overview of gene regulation in bacteria by small RNAs derived from mRNA 3′ ends
Authors: Ponath Falk , Hör Jens , Vogel Jörg 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Over the past two decades, small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) that regulate mRNAs by short base pairing have gone from a curiosity to a major class of post-transcriptional regulators in bacteria. They are integral to many stress responses and regulatory circuits, affecting almost all aspects of bacterial life. Following pioneering sRNA searches in the early 2000s, the field quickly focused on conserved sRNA genes in the intergenic regions of bacterial chromosomes. Yet, it soon emerged that there might be another rich source of bacterial sRNAs—processed 3′ end fragments of mRNAs. Several such 3′ end-derived sRNAs have now been characterized, often revealing unexpected, conserved functions in diverse cellular processes. Here, we review our current knowledge of these 3′ end-derived sRNAs—their biogenesis through ribonucleases, their molecular mechanisms, their interactions with RNA-binding proteins such as Hfq or ProQ and their functional scope, which ranges from acting as specialized regulators of single metabolic genes to constituting entire noncoding arms in global stress responses. Recent global RNA interactome studies suggest that the importance of functional 3′ end-derived sRNAs has been vastly underestimated and that this type of cross-regulation between genes at the mRNA level is more pervasive in bacteria than currently appreciated.
Source parameters inversion of the global large earthquakes using 3-D SEM Green's functions: strain Green's function calculation and validation
Authors: Zhang Lei , Hao Jinlai , Deng Wenze , Ji Chen , Zhang Chuhan 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARYPrecisely constraining the source parameters of large earthquakes is one of the primary objectives of seismology. However, the quality of the results relies on the quality of synthetic earth response. Although earth structure is laterally heterogeneous, particularly at shallow depth, most earthquake source studies at the global scale rely on the Green's functions calculated with radially symmetric (1-D) earth structure. To avoid the impact of inaccurate Green's functions, these conventional source studies use a limited set of seismic phases, such as long-period seismic waves, broad-band P and S waves in teleseismic distances (30° &lt; ∆ &lt; 90°), and strong ground motion records at close-fault stations. The enriched information embedded in the broad-band seismograms recorded by global and regional networks is largely ignored, limiting the spatiotemporal resolution. Here we calculate 3-D strain Green's functions at 30 GSN stations for source regions of 9 selected global earthquakes and one earthquake-prone area (California), with frequency up to 67 mHz (15 s), using SPECFEM3D_GLOBE and the reciprocity theorem. The 3-D SEM mesh model is composed of mantle model S40RTS, crustal model CRUST2.0 and surface topography ETOPO2. We surround each target event with grids in horizontal spacing of 5 km and vertical spacing of 2.0–3.0 km, allowing us to investigate not only the main shock but also the background seismicity. In total, the response at over 210 000 source points is calculated in simulation. The number of earthquakes, including different focal mechanisms, centroid depth range and tectonic background, could further increase without additional computational cost if they were properly selected to avoid overloading individual CPUs. The storage requirement can be reduced by two orders of magnitude if the output strain Green's functions are stored for periods over 15 s. We quantitatively evaluate the quality of these 3-D synthetic seismograms, which are frequency and phase dependent, for each source region using nearby aftershocks, before using them to constrain the focal mechanisms and slip distribution. Case studies show that using a 3-D earth model significantly improves the waveform similarity, agreement in amplitude and arrival time of seismic phases with the observations. The limitations of current 3-D models are still notable, dependent on seismic phases and frequency range. The 3-D synthetic seismograms cannot well match the high frequency (&gt;40 mHz) S wave and (&gt;20 mHz) Rayleigh wave yet. Though the mean time-shifts are close to zero, the standard deviations are notable. Careful calibration using the records of nearby better located earthquakes is still recommended to take full advantage of better waveform similarity due to the use of 3-D models. Our results indicate that it is now feasible to systematically study global large earthquakes using full 3-D earth response in a global scale.
Fitness Cost of Sequential Selection with Deltamethrin inAedes aegypti(Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Gonzalez-Santillan Francisco J , Contreras-Perera Yamili , Davila-Barboza Jesus A , Juache-Villagrana Alan E , Gutierrez-Rodriguez Selene M , Ponce-Garcia Gustavo , Lopez-Monroy Beatriz , Rodriguez-Sanchez Iram P , Lenhart Audrey E , Mackenzie-Impoinvil Lucy , Flores Adriana E 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn Mexico, Aedes aegypti (L.) is the primary dengue vector, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. The continued use of synthetic pyrethroids has led to the development of resistance in target populations, which has diminished the effectiveness of vector control programs. Resistance has been associated with disadvantages that affect the biological parameters of resistant mosquitoes compared to susceptible ones. In the present study, the disadvantages were evaluated by parameters related to survival and reproduction (‘fitness cost’) after selection with deltamethrin for five generations. The parameters analyzed were the length of the development cycle, sex ratio, survival, longevity, fecundity, egg viability, preoviposition, oviposition and postoviposition periods, and growth parameters. In the deltamethrin-selected strain, there was a decrease in the development cycle duration, the percentage of pupae, the oviposition period, and eggs viability. Although mean daily fecundity was not affected after the selection process, this, together with the decrease in the survival and fecundity levels by specific age, significantly affected the gross reproductive rate (GRR), net reproductive rate (Ro), and intrinsic growth rate (rm) of the group selected for five generations with deltamethrin compared to the group without selection. Identifying the ‘cost’ of resistance in biological fitness represents an advantage if it is desired to limit the spread of resistant populations since the fitness cost is the less likely that resistant individuals will spread in the population. This represents an important factor to consider in designing integrated vector management programs.
Evidence for a high-zISW signal from supervoids in the distribution of eBOSS quasars
Authors: Kovács A , Beck R , Smith A , Rácz G , Csabai I , Szapudi I 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThe late-time integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) imprint of $R\gtrsim 100~h^{-1}\, \mathrm{Mpc}$ superstructures is sourced by evolving large-scale potentials due to a dominant dark energy component in the ΛCDM model. The aspect that makes the ISW effect distinctly interesting is the repeated observation of stronger-than-expected imprints from supervoids at z ≲ 0.9. Here we analyse the un-probed key redshift range 0.8 &lt; z &lt; 2.2 where the ISW signal is expected to fade in ΛCDM, due to a weakening dark energy component, and eventually become consistent with zero in the matter dominated epoch. On the contrary, alternative cosmological models, proposed to explain the excess low-z ISW signals, predicted a sign-change in the ISW effect at z ≈ 1.5 due to the possible growth of large-scale potentials that is absent in the standard model. To discriminate, we estimated the high-z ΛCDM ISW signal using the Millennium XXL mock catalogue, and compared it to our measurements from about 800 supervoids identified in the eBOSS DR16 quasar catalogue. At 0.8 &lt; z &lt; 1.2, we found an excess ISW signal with AISW ≈ 3.6 ± 2.1 amplitude. The signal is then consistent with the ΛCDM expectation (AISW = 1) at 1.2 &lt; z &lt; 1.5 where the standard and alternative models predict similar amplitudes. Most interestingly, we also observed an opposite-sign ISW signal at 1.5 &lt; z &lt; 2.2 that is in 2.7σ tension with the ΛCDM prediction. Taken at face value, these recurring hints for ISW anomalies suggest an alternative growth rate of structure in low-density environments at $\sim 100~h^{-1}\, \mathrm{Mpc}$ scales.
Do reverberation-measured Hβ quasars provide a useful test of cosmology?
Authors: Khadka Narayan , Martínez-Aldama Mary Loli , Zajaček Michal , Czerny Bożena , Ratra Bharat 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We use 118 Hβ quasar (QSO) observations in the redshift range 0.0023 ≤ z ≤ 0.89 to simultaneously constrain cosmological model parameters and QSO 2-parameter radius-luminosity (R–L) relation parameters in six different cosmological models. We find that the R–L relation parameters for these QSOs are independent of the assumed cosmology so these QSOs seem to be standardizable through the R–L relation (although there is a complication that might render this untrue). Cosmological constraints obtained using these QSOs are weak, more favour currently decelerated cosmological expansion, and typically are in ∼2σ tension with those obtained from a joint analysis of baryon acoustic oscillation and Hubble parameter measurements. Extending the R–L relation to a 3-parameter one to try to correct for the accretion rate effect does not result in a reduction of the cosmological constraints discrepancy nor does it result in the hoped-for significant reduction of the intrinsic scatter of the R–L relation.
Array element coupling in radio interferometry I: a semi-analytic approach
Authors: Josaitis Alec T , Ewall-Wice Aaron , Fagnoni Nicolas , de Lera Acedo Eloy 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTWe derive a general formalism for interferometric visibilities, which considers first-order antenna–antenna coupling and assumes steady-state, incident radiation. We simulate such coupling features for non-polarized skies on a compact, redundantly spaced array and present a phenomenological analysis of the coupling features. Contrary to previous studies, we find mutual coupling features manifest themselves at non-zero fringe rates. We compare power-spectrum results for both coupled and non-coupled (noiseless, simulated) data and find coupling effects to be highly dependent on local sidereal time (LST), baseline length, and baseline orientation. For all LSTs, lengths, and orientations, coupling features appear at delays which are outside the foreground ‘wedge’, which has been studied extensively and contains non-coupled astrophysical foreground features. Further, we find that first-order coupling effects threaten our ability to average data from baselines with identical length and orientation. Two filtering strategies are proposed which may mitigate such coupling systematics. The semi-analytic coupling model herein presented may be used to study mutual coupling systematics as a function of LST, baseline length, and baseline orientation. Such a model is not only helpful to the field of 21cm cosmology, but any study involving interferometric measurements, where coupling effects at the level of at least 1 part in 104 could corrupt the scientific result. Our model may be used to mitigate coupling systematics in existing radio interferometers and to design future arrays where the configuration of array elements inherently mitigates coupling effects at desired LSTs and angular resolutions.
New calibrations for estimating the N/O ratio in H ii regions
Authors: Florido Estrella , Zurita Almudena , Pérez-Montero Enrique 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We use a sample of 536 H ii regions located in nearby spirals, with a homogeneous determination of their Te-based abundances, to obtain new empirical calibrations of the N2O2, N2S2, O3N2, and N2 strong-line indices to estimate the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundance ratio when auroral lines are not detected. All indices are strongly correlated with the Te-based log (N/O) for our H ii region sample, even more strongly than with 12 + log (O/H). N2O2 is the most strongly correlated index, and the best fit to the log (N/O)–N2O2 relation is obtained with a second-order polynomial. The derived relation has a low dispersion (rms &lt; 0.09 dex), being valid in the range −1.74 &lt; N2O2 &lt; 0.62 (or −1.81 &lt; log (N/O) &lt; −0.13). We have compared our calibration with previous ones and have discussed the differences between them in terms of the nature of the objects used as calibrators.