bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving recognition among undergraduate and postgraduate trainees of dermatological conditions in skin of colour: a cross-sectional quality improvement project
Authors: Peterknecht Elizabeth , Reid Eliza , Cheung Karmen , Rajasekaran Amirtha 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
It is well-recognized that skin of colour (SOC) is under-represented in undergraduate and postgraduate curricula in the UK. The primary objective of this Quality Improvement Project (QIP) was to improve the confidence of medical students and junior doctors in recognizing dermatological conditions in SOC. We developed two educational interventions to introduce participants to the clinical presentation of dermatological conditions in SOC. A five-point Likert scale measured participants' confidence, and an eight-question assessment quantified differences in knowledge. Results showed that 39% of students and 67% of junior doctors had not received SOC teaching during their undergraduate training. Following the lecture, mean Likert scores for confidence in recognizing conditions in SOC increased in the medical student and junior doctor cohorts by 2.5 and 1.82, respectively (P &lt; 0.001 for both). The mean assessment scores increased by 3.68 and 3.87, respectively (P &lt; 0.001 for both). These results confirm the under-representation of SOC in medical education and highlight the need to diversify the Dermatology undergraduate and postgraduate curricula.
Thromboembolism and bleeding in patients with autoimmune blistering disease
Authors: Sho Yuriko , Sakai Takashi , Matsuda-Hirose Haruna , Yamate Tomoko , Hatano Yutaka 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The prevention and early detection of venous thromboembolism (VTE), including pulmonary embolism (PE), is essential in daily medical practice. We previously reported the risk of VTE in patients with autoimmune blistering disease (AIBD). We have also experienced multiple cases of pemphigus or pemphigoid that developed severe complications related to abnormal blood coagulation other than VTE. This study summarizes and discusses those cases. Nine patients with AIBD developed thromboembolism and/or bleeding; these included (some patients overlapped) six patients with VTE, including five patients with PE; three patients with severe bleeding; one patient with sudden critical limb ischaemia resulting in thigh amputation; and one patient with cerebral infarction. Although five patients developed PE, only one had apparent respiratory symptoms with PE, and a second developed severe bleeding during the treatment for PE. Clinicians should be aware of the systemic complications related to abnormal blood coagulation when treating patients with AIBD.
Proton pump inhibitors display anti‐tumour potential in glioma
Authors: Li Bihan , Liu Ying , Sun Shilong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesGlioma is one of the most aggressive brain tumours with poor overall survival despite advanced technology in surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiation. Progression and recurrence are the hinge causes of low survival. Our aim is to explain the concrete mechanism in the proliferation and progression of tumours based on tumour microenvironment (TME). The main purpose is to illustrate the mechanism of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in affecting acidity, hypoxia, oxidative stress, inflammatory response and autophagy based on the TME to induce apoptosis and enhance the sensitivity of chemoradiotherapy.FindingsTME is the main medium for tumour growth and progression. Acidity, hypoxia, inflammatory response, autophagy, angiogenesis and so on are the main causes of tumour progress. PPIs, as a common clinical drug to inhibit gastric acid secretion, have the advantages of fast onset, long action time and small adverse reactions. Nowadays, several kinds of literature highlight the potential of PPIs in inhibiting tumour progression. However, long‐term use of PPIs alone also has obvious side effects. Therefore, till now, how to apply PPIs to promote the effect of radio‐chemotherapy and find the concrete dose and concentration of combined use are novel challenges.ConclusionsPPIs display the potential in enhancing the sensitivity of chemoradiotherapy to defend against glioma based on TME. In the clinic, it is also necessary to explore specific concentrations and dosages in synthetic applications.
Patterns and drivers of the global diversity of non‐native macrofungi
Authors: Monteiro Miguel , Reino Luís , Ferreira Maria Teresa , Essl Franz , Schertler Anna , Capinha César 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo uncover the biogeography of non‐native macrofungal diversity worldwide, by analysing patterns and drivers of (1) regional variation in species richness, (2) compositional similarity between regional species assemblages and (3) the spatiotemporal trends of first records.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe used a database providing 1608 distribution records of 554 non‐native macrofungal species in 167 national and sub‐national regions worldwide. Regression models accounting for regional levels of recording capacity were used to relate spatial variation of non‐native macrofungal richness and of regional compositional similarities to variables representing geographical, socio‐economic and biophysical characteristics of regions. Temporal trends of first records were assessed at the global and continental scales and for distinct ecofunctional groups.ResultsRegions reporting higher diversity of non‐native species occur mainly in Europe, the Americas and Oceania. Regression models showed that regions with greater gross domestic product per capita, areal extent and in the Southern Hemisphere have higher non‐native species richness, while regions with similar mean temperatures and latitudinal position share higher compositional similarities. Numbers of first records of non‐native macrofungi have grown quasi‐exponentially between 1753 and 2018, reflecting not only improved recording capacities but also likely an increasing number of introductions.Main ConclusionsWe find that many regions of the world already harbour a high diversity of non‐native macrofungi, with economic, climatic and introduction pathway‐related factors explaining a relevant portion of the geographical patterns formed by these taxa. Given that socio‐economic activity has increased strongly in recent decades, the global anthropogenic redistribution of macrofungi is likely to intensify further in the near future.
Did it pay to be a pioneer? Wealth accumulation in a newly settled frontier society
Authors: Cilliers Jeanne , Green Erik , Ross Robert 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEuropean settler colonies are often thought to have been characterised by a continued expansion of the landed frontier, which impacted the distribution of wealth across their settler populations. Hampered by a lack of data, few studies have been able to study this in depth. How does settlement timing affect wealth and wealth accumulation when frontier expansion is not a smooth, continuous process? Was it the case that pioneers reaped greater economic benefits from locating their farms on superior land, or would they be disadvantaged compared with later arrivals owing to limited infrastructure or greater risk of conflict with indigenous populations? In this paper, we use a unique dataset that allows us to analyse the link between time of arrival and wealth accumulation in a colonial agrarian frontier society: the Graaff‐Reinet district in South Africa's Cape Colony between 1786 and 1850. We find that those who arrived early located their farms in the more climatologically suitable areas of the district and utilised their superior lands to accumulate wealth more quickly than latecomers. However, owing to institutional changes that favoured later British arrivals, we also show that the existence of an early‐arrival premium did not mean persistence in land ownership.
Core phylotypes enhance the resistance of soil microbiome to environmental changes to maintain multifunctionality in agricultural ecosystems
Authors: Jiao Shuo , Qi Jiejun , Jin Chujie , Liu Yu , Wang Yang , Pan Haibo , Chen Shi , Liang Chunling , Peng Ziheng , Chen Beibei , Qian Xun , Wei Gehong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAgricultural ecosystems are facing increasing environmental changes. Revealing ecological stability of belowground organisms is key to developing management strategies that maintain agricultural ecosystem services in a changing world. Here, we collected soils from adjacent pairs of maize and rice fields along large spatial scale across Eastern and Southeast China to investigate the importance of core microbiota as a predictor of resistance of soil microbiome (e.g. bacteria, fungi and protist) to climate changes and nutrient fertilization, and their effect on multiple ecosystem functions, representing key services for crop growth and health in agro‐ecosystems. Soil microbiome in maize soils exhibited stronger resistance than that in rice soils, by considering multiple aspects of the resistance index, for example, community, phylogenetic conservation and network complexity. Community resistance of soil microbiome showed a geographic pattern, with higher resistance at lower latitudes, suggesting their stronger resistance in warmer regions. Particularly, we highlighted the role of core phylotypes in enhancing the community resistance of soil microbiome, which was essential for the maintenance of multifunctionality in agricultural ecosystems. Our results represent a significant advance in linking core phylotypes to community resistance and ecosystem functions, and therefore forecasting agro‐ecosystems dynamics in response to ongoing environmental changes. These suggest that core phylotypes should be considered a key factor in enhancing agricultural sustainability and crop productivity under global change scenarios.
The changing faces of the modern state
Authors: Lindvall Johannes , Rogers Katren 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper describes the changing nature of the English and Swedish states between 1800 and 2020 from the perspective of ordinary citizens. We identify 13 typical life situations and then describe the types of citizens who interacted with the state, the number and types of public officials with whom they interacted, and where those interactions took place. We distinguish among three typical social groups: the poor, the middle, and the rich. We find, among other things, that the poor became objects of government policy much earlier than other groups, but they also remained in a world of parochial poor relief even as the middle and the rich began to interact with a more functionally differentiated, professional bureaucracy. These findings have important implications for scholarly debates on when the state began to interact directly with the civilian masses and the unevenness of state activities and capacities within countries.
The TIGD5 gene located in 8q24 and frequently amplified in ovarian cancers is a tumor suppressor
Authors: Dai Yuntao , Kawaguchi Tetsuya , Nishio Miki , Otani Junji , Tashiro Hironori , Terai Yoshito , Sasaki Ryohei , Maehama Tomohiko , Suzuki Akira 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOvarian cancer (OC) is the fifth most common cancer of female cancer death and leading cause of lethal gynecological cancers. High‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is an aggressive malignancy that is rapidly fatal. Many cases of OC show amplification of the 8q24 chromosomal region, which contains the well‐known oncogene MYC. Although MYC amplification is more frequently observed in OCs than in other tumor types, due to the large size of the 8q24 amplicon, the functions of the vast majority of the genes it contains are still unknown. The TIGD5 gene is located at 8q24.3 and encodes a nuclear protein with a DNA‐binding motif, but its precise role is obscure. We show here that TIGD5 often co‐amplifies with MYC in OCs, and that OC patients with high TIGD5 mRNA expression have a poor prognosis. However, we also found that TIGD5 overexpression in ovarian cancer cell lines unexpectedly suppressed their growth, adhesion, and invasion in vitro, and also reduced tumor growth in xenografted nude mice in vivo. Thus, our work suggests that TIGD5 may in fact operate as a tumor suppressor in OCs rather than as an oncogene.
Circulating extracellular vesicle‐encapsulated microRNA‐557 induces a proinflammatory immune response and serves as a diagnostic or relapse marker in autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Abe Kazumichi , Suzuki Rei , Fujita Masashi , Hayashi Manabu , Takahashi Atsushi , Ohira Hiromasa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThis study investigated serum microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and the relationship of these molecules with diagnostic and relapse markers.MethodsInitially, extracellular vesicle‐encapsulated miRNAs (EV‐miRNAs) in serum with altered expression in AIH relative to healthy control (HC) samples were identified using microarray analysis. To validate the microarray results, the expression levels of selected EV‐miRNAs were determined.ResultsAmong the 2569 mature miRNAs evaluated in the microarray, EV‐miR‐557 discriminated patients with AIH from healthy controls (HCs). Validation by digital polymerase chain reaction indicated that serum EV‐miR‐557 levels were higher in patients with AIH (7.75 copies/μl) than in patients with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (1.60 copies/μl; p < 0.001), patients with primary biliary cholangitis (2.16 copies/μl; p < 0.005), and HCs (1.86 copies/μl; p < 0.005). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values for the probability of AIH using serum EV‐miR‐557 between the AIH and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, AIH and primary biliary cholangitis, and AIH and HC groups were 0.81, 0.78, and 0.79, respectively. In addition, serum EV‐miR‐557 levels >7.69 copies/μl were associated with a significantly higher risk of relapse in patients with AIH (7‐year incidence rate: 11.1 vs. 35.4%, log‐rank test, p < 0.05). Interestingly, gene expression analysis revealed that increased miR‐557 expression following transient transfection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with a miR‐557 mimic resulted in enhanced expression of proinflammatory cytokine‐related genes such as interleukin‐6, interferon‐γ, and tumor necrosis factor. Moreover, miR‐557 induced significant tumor necrosis factor‐α production (mean: 313.5 vs. 10 642.3 pg/ml, p < 0.05).ConclusionEV‐miR‐557 may play an important role as a potential biomarker of AIH and may be a promising therapeutic target for AIH.
Lactoferrin‐derived chimeric peptide (LFch) strongly boosts TGFβ1‐mediated inducible Treg differentiation possibly through downregulating TCR/CD28 signalling
Authors: Jang Young‐Saeng , Yang Seok‐Won , Kim Tae‐Gyu , Song Ha‐Eon , Park Sunhee , Lee Eun Hye , Kang Seung‐Goo , Yoon Sung‐il , Ko Hyun‐Jeong , Lee Geun‐Shik , Park Seok‐Rae , Seo Su Ryeon , Kim Pyeung‐Hyeun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe recently reported that lactoferrin (LF) induces Foxp3+ Treg differentiation through binding to TGFβ receptor III (TβRIII), and this activity was further enhanced by TGFβ1. Generally, a low T‐cell receptor (TCR) signal strength is favourable for Foxp3+ Treg differentiation. In the present study, we explored the effect of lactoferrin chimera (LFch, containing lactoferricin [aa 17–30] and lactoferrampin [aa 265–284]), along with TGFβ1 on Foxp3+ Treg differentiation. LFch alone did not induce Foxp3 expression, yet LFch dramatically enhanced TGFβ1‐induced Foxp3 expression. LFch had little effect on the phosphorylation of Smad3, a canonical transcriptional factor of TGFβ1. Instead, LFch attenuated the phosphorylation of S6 (a target of mTOR), IκB and PI3K. These activities of LFch were completely abrogated by pretreatment of LFch with soluble TGFβ1 receptor III (sTβRIII). Consistent with this, the activity of LFch on TGFβ1‐induced Foxp3 expression was also abrogated by treatment with sTβRIII. Finally, the TGFβ1/LFch‐induced T cell population substantially suppressed the proliferation of responder CD4+ T cells. These results indicate that LFch robustly enhances TGFβ1‐induced Foxp3+ Treg differentiation by diminishing TCR/CD28 signal intensity.
Relation between anxiety disorders in adolescent mothers and dental fear in children
Authors: Costa Vanessa Polina Pereira , Goettems Marília Leão , Quevedo Luciana , Armfield Jason , Pinheiro Ricardo Tavares , Demarco Flávio Fernando 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundMaternal anxiety disorders can cause adverse consequences in child's health, cognitive development, and behavior.AimTo investigate the association of maternal anxiety disorders with the occurrence of dental fear in children aged 24–36 months.DesignThis cross‐sectional study is part of a cohort of adolescent mothers and their children (n = 527) in the city of Pelotas, RS, Brazil. Anxiety disorders in mothers were assessed using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (DSM‐IV), whereas the Dental Anxiety Question was used to assess children's dental fear. Clinical oral examinations were performed on the cohort. Poisson regression analysis was used to determine the association of maternal anxiety disorders with maternal perception of dental fear in children (p < .05).ResultsThe prevalence of dental fear in children was 21.7% (n = 114), and maternal age, agoraphobia, social phobia, and maternal caries experience (p < .05) were associated with the presence of dental fear. After adjusted analysis, children of mothers presenting with agoraphobia (Prevalence ratios [PR] = 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00–2.32) and social phobia (PR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.06–2.71) had higher prevalence of dental fear than children whose mothers did not have any of these conditions.ConclusionsIn this population of young mothers, agoraphobia and social phobia were associated with children's dental fear. Detection of and treatment for maternal mental disorders may aid in the prevention of dental fear and its oral health‐related consequences.
Pronounced antibody elevation after SARS‐CoV‐2 BNT162b2 mRNA booster vaccination in nursing home residents
Authors: Chong Yong , Goto Takeyuki , Tani Naoki , Yonekawa Akiko , Ikematsu Hideyuki , Shimono Nobuyuki , Tanaka Yosuke , Akashi Koichi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundInfection control during COVID‐19 outbreaks in nursing facilities is a critical public health issue. Antibody responses before and after the third (booster) dose of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in nursing home residents have not been fully characterized.MethodsThis study included 117 individuals: 54 nursing home residents (mean age, 83.8 years; 39 SARS‐CoV‐2‐naive and 15 previously infected) and 63 healthcare workers (mean age, 45.8 years; 32 SARS‐CoV‐2‐naive and 31 previously infected). Anti‐spike (receptor‐binding domain [RBD]) and anti‐nucleocapsid antibody responses to BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination and their related factors were evaluated using pre‐ (shortly and 6 months after the second dose) and post‐booster vaccination samples.ResultsThe median anti‐spike (RBD) IgG level in SARS‐CoV‐2‐naive residents 6 months after the second dose was the lowest among the four groups, with a decreasing rate of over 90%. The median rate of increase before and after the third dose in SARS‐CoV‐2‐naive residents was significantly higher than that in SARS‐CoV‐2‐naive healthcare workers (64.1‐ vs. 37.0‐fold, P = 0.003), with the highest level among the groups. The IgG ratio of SARS‐CoV‐2‐naive residents to healthcare workers after the second and third doses changed from one‐fifth (20%) to one‐half (50%). The rate of increase after the third dose in previously infected individuals was three‐ to fourfold, regardless of residents or healthcare workers.ConclusionsAdvanced aged nursing home residents, poor responders in the initial SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine series, could obtain sufficient antibody responses with the additional booster dose, despite more than 6 months after the second.
Solid‐state NMR investigation of fast sodium ion‐conducting glass–ceramics: The system Na3+3x−yRE1−xPySi3−yO9 (RE = Sc, Y)
Authors: d'Anciães Almeida Silva Igor , Rodrigues Ana Candida M. , Eckert Hellmut 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGlasses and glass–ceramics of composition Na3+3x−yRE1−xPySi3−yO9 were synthesized using RE = Sc and Y, x = 0.4, and y = 0.0 and 0.3 to obtain multiple‐phase glass–ceramics containing the highly conducting Na5RESi4O12 (N5) phase. In addition, the two model compounds Na5ScSi4O12 and Na5InSi4O12 were synthesized. Samples were characterized at two distinct annealing stages using X‐ray powder diffraction, electrical conductivity measurements, and multinuclear solid‐state magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The N5 phase is dominantly formed for Sc‐containing glass–ceramics (both with y = 0.0 and 0.3) at crystallization temperatures above 900°C. For the other glass–ceramics, the crystallized phases were dominantly Na3RESi2O7 (N3), RE = Sc and Y, and Na9YSi6O18 (N9) phases. 29Si MAS‐NMR peak assignments were done with the aid of 29Si{45Sc} rotational echo adiabatic passage double resonance (REAPDOR) experiments. 29Si and 23Na MAS‐NMR spectra reveal complex phase compositions and local environment distributions, which could be largely assigned based on known semiempirical chemical shift correlations with average Si–O and Na–O bond distances. 31P MAS and 31P{45Sc} REAPDOR NMR results suggest the presence of orthophosphate groups, arguing against the literature model of isostructural substitution of silicon by phosphorus in the N5 phase.
Dynamics of the fermentation quality and microbiotsa in Ephedra sinica treated native grass silage
Authors: Du Shuai , You Sihan , Jiang Xiaowei , Li Yuyu , Jia Yushan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ephedra sinica on physicochemical characteristics and bacterial community of ensiled native grass by multiple physicochemical analyses combined with high-throughput sequencing.

Methods and Results
Treatments were a control treatment with no additive (CON), E. sinica was added at 1% (CEa1), 3% (CEa2), and 5% of the fresh materials (CEa3). Compared to the CON group, the dry matter and water-soluble carbohydrate contents were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) decreased in the CEa1 group. Compared to the CON group, the pH was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) decreased in E. sinica treated silages, and a higher lactic acid content was observed in E. sinica treated silages. At the genus level, the abundance of Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Weissella were the predominant member in the CON, CEa1, CEa2, and CEa3 groups, respectively. The abundance of Lactobacillus was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) increased in the CEa1 group and Pediococcus was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) increased in the CEa2 group. According to the 16S rRNA gene-predicted functional profiles, the inoculation of E. sinica accelerated the carbohydrate metabolism.

Conclusions
In summary, the addition of E. sinica could improve the silage quality of native grass by regulating the bacterial community, and the addition of a 1% percentage of fresh materials exhibited the potential possibility of responding to get high-quality native grass silages.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The utilization of herbal additives on fermentation quality combined with 16S rRNA gene-predicted functional analyses will contribute to the direction of future research in improving silage quality.