bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timing and outcomes of noninvasive ventilation in 307 ARDS COVID-19 patients: an observational study in an Italian third level COVID-19 hospital
Authors: Tetaj Nardi , Piselli Pierluca , Zito Sara , De Angelis Giada , Marini Maria Cristina , Rubino Dorotea , Onnis Ilaria , Gaviano Ilaria , Antonica Maria Vittoria , Agostini Elisabetta , Porcelli Candido , Stazi Giulia Valeria , Garotto Gabriele , Busso Donatella , D’Aprano Silvana Scarcia , Navarra Assunta , Cimaglia Claudia , Topino Simone , Iacomi Fabio , D’Abramo Alessandra , Pinnetti Carmela , Gualano Gina , Capone Alessandro , Villanacci Alberta , Antinori Andrea , Palmieri Fabrizio , D’Offizi Gianpiero , Ianniello Stefania , Taglietti Fabrizio , Campioni Paolo , Vaia Francesco , Nicastri Emanuele , Girardi Enrico , Marchioni Luisa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel cause of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). With the increase of ARDS cases during COVID-19 pandemic, the use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has grown significantly in the hospital ward. However, there is a lack of evidence to support its efficacy in these patients.
Methods
We conducted an observational cohort study including adult ARDS COVID-19 patients admitted in a third level COVID-center in Rome, Italy (Jan-Sep 2020). The study analyzed the rate of NIV failure defined by the occurrence of orotracheal intubation and/or death within 28 days from starting NIV, its effectiveness, and its relative risk of death. The factors associated with the outcomes were identified through a logistic regression analysis.
Results
During the study period, a total of 942 COVID-19 patients were admitted, of which 307 (32.5%) with ARDS at hospitalization. Overall, 224 (23.8%) were treated with NIV. NIV failure occurred in 84 (37.5%) patients. Moderate and severe ARDS had an increased risk of NIV failure within 28 days from starting NIV of 5- (aOR = 5.01, 95% CI 2.08–12.09) and 20-fold (aOR = 19.95, 5.31–74.94) respectively, compared to patients with mild ARDS. A total of 128 patients (13.5%) were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). At 28-day from ICU admission, COVID-19 patients treated with NIV without intubation had 96% lower mortality (aOR 0.04, 0.01–0.32) in comparison with patients that underwent orotracheal intubation without prior NIV.
Conclusions
NIV failure was independently associated with COVID-19 ARDS severity. Starting NIV in COVID-19 patients with already mild ARDS (P/F > 200 mmHg) appears to increase NIV effectiveness and reduce the risk of orotracheal intubation and/or death. Moreover, early NIV treatment seems to reduce the risk of ICU mortality within 28 days from ICU admission.
Case Report of a Rare Collision Tumour of Papillary and Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Mothayapan Prasad , Ong Diana BL , Ng Khoon Leong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas account for 90–95% of all thyroid cancers. The co-existence of these two cancers is extremely rare and have only been described in case reports. We report a rare case of a collision tumour of papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma in the same thyroid lobe.
Case Presentation
A 43-year-old woman presented with an anterior neck mass. A right thyroid nodule was clinically palpable. Ultrasonography revealed bilateral thyroid nodules. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the right nodule revealed cyst content, while FNA of the left nodule demonstrated atypia of undetermined significance. The patient was counselled for a left hemithyroidectomy but opted for removal of the enlarged right thyroid nodule. A right hemithyroidectomy was performed and histopathology revealed follicular carcinoma as well as a nodule consisting of papillary carcinoma. These two malignant nodules were separated by a section of normal thyroid tissue. A completion left hemithyroidectomy subsequently revealed papillary carcinoma in the left thyroid lobe. The patient was subsequently treated with radioiodine (131I) and thyroxine suppression therapy.
Conclusion
Collision tumours have been described as two independent tumours with distinct morphology which occur concurrently at the same site but having a distinct border. They are extremely rare entities. Clinical, radiological and cyto-histopathological evaluation is fundamental in investigating thyroid nodules but may miss a collision tumour. A number of theories and genetic mutations have been implicated in this collision phenomenon, but none have been proven so far. Management of collision tumours need to be individualised.
Clinicopathologic Features among Pathogenic Variants/Likely Pathogenic Variants, Variants of Unknown Significance, and Wild Type of BRCA1/2 in Breast Cancer
Authors: Kim Junyoung , Lee Yu Seung , Park Sujin , Pee Junhyeok , Na Chansik , Chu Gyoyeong , Kang Byeongju , Lee Jeeyeon 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Approximately 5–10% of breast cancers are BRCA-positive. Because of higher grades and proliferation indices, these prognoses are poor compared to sporadic breast cancers. This study analyzed the clinicopathologic features of breast cancer based on BRCA gene status.
Methods
A total of 315 women with breast cancer underwent genetic assessments between 2006 and 2019. BRCA gene status was classified as either pathogenic variant/likely pathogenic variants (PV/LPV), variant of unknown significance (VUS), or wild type. The following clinicopathologic variables were assessed: age, body mass index (BMI), clinical and pathologic stages, treatment modalities, and oncologic outcomes.
Results
Upon assessing their BRCA gene status, there were 97 patients (30.8%) with PV/LPV and 53 patients (16.8%) with VUS. Although the most treatment modalities including neoadjuvant chemotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy and target therapy were more frequently administrated in BRCA-positive breast cancer patients, in multivariate analysis, neoadjuvant chemotherapy did not show statistical significance between three groups. The immunohistochemical staining results, such as estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2/neu gene, triple negative breast cancer were all strongly showed significantly different between the three groups. And the Ki67 index had a significantly higher expression in BRCA-positive breast cancer (p < 0.001). Oncologic outcomes, such as locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis, and death, were not significantly different between the three groups (p = 0.587, 0.071, and 0.742, respectively).
Conclusion
The Ki67 index had a significantly higher expression in BRCA-positive breast cancer. This implies its potential as an efficient prognostic factor in BRCA-positive breast cancer.
Impact of Superior Cerebellar Artery Occlusion after Thrombectomy for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion
Authors: Baek Byung Hyun , Lee Yun Young , Kim Seul Kee , Park Chan , Lee Byung Chan , Kim Hyoung Ook , Yoon Woong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Occlusions of the superior cerebellar artery (SCA) are occasionally observed during thrombectomy in patients with posterior circulation stroke. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and clinical impact of SCA occlusion remaining after endovascular thrombectomy for acute basilar artery occlusion. We retrospectively analyzed data from 116 patients who underwent thrombectomy for basilar artery occlusion. The presence or absence of SCA occlusion was assessed on final angiograms. Clinical and radiologic data were compared between patients with and without SCA occlusion. All patients underwent pretreatment and follow-up diffusion-weighted imaging to detect new infarctions in SCA territory. Follow-up computed tomography angiography was performed to detect spontaneous recanalization of occluded SCAs. Ten patients (8.6%) had SCA occlusions on final angiograms. Of these, two patients had bilateral occlusions. A new infarction in corresponding SCA territory occurred in 5 of 10 patients and new midbrain infarction in one patient. The diameter of new infarctions ranged from 4 to 11mm. No patients with SCA occlusions experienced symptomatic cerebellar hemorrhage or malignant cerebellar infarction. There were no differences in the length of hospital stay, rates of favorable outcome, and mortality between patients with and without SCA occlusions. Nine of 12 (75%) SCA occlusions showed spontaneous recanalization. In conclusion, SCA occlusions remaining after thrombectomy for basilar artery occlusion had a benign clinical course. In addition, most of these lesions had recanalized spontaneously. Our study suggests that attempts to recanalize remnant SCA occlusion may be unnecessary after basilar artery thrombectomy.
Sperm Cryopreservation for Newly Diagnosed Cancer Patients in South of China: A 12-Year Retrospective Study in 1034 Patients
Authors: Wang Qi-Ling , Ye Gui-Fang , Zhong Kai-Xin , Wu Xin , Lin Wei-Xin , Luo Lu-Lu , Zhang Xin-Zong , Zhu Wei-Jie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Sperm cryopreservation is an effective method to fertility preservation for cancer patients before anti-cancer treatments. However, there were very few data on fertility preservation for the large number of cancer patients in South China.Objectives: To understand the fertility preservation status of newly diagnosed male cancer patients in South China.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was evaluated in 1034 cancer patients performed sperm cryopreservation in the human sperm bank of Guangdong Province in China between the years 2010 and 2021. The data were collected from medical records and analysed including demographics, cancer information, semen examination, and cryopreservation. Results: Of these 1034 cases, 302 had reproductive system tumors, mainly testicular cancers (99.0%), and 732 found non-reproductive system tumors, including lymphoma (33.1%), gastrointestinal cancer (16.3%), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (15.7%), leukemia (7.7%), sarcoma (3.6%) and others (23.6%). The number of cancer patients with sperm cryopreservation had been increasing since the last 12 years. The patients with reproductive system tumors had significantly lower sperm concentration, pre-freezing progressive motility, and post-thawing progressive motility than those with non-reproductive system tumors (p<0.001). Significant differences were observed on sperm parameters mentioned above and normal sperm morphology between the patients undergone anticancer surgery before sperm cryopreservation and those without surgery (p<0.05).Conclusions: This study provides valuable data derived from the geographical area for the understanding of its fertility preservation status, which demonstrates that reproductive system tumors greatly harmed the sperm quality of the patients prior to anti-cancer treatments and reflects more cancer patients would have strong willingness to undergo fertility preservation in South China.
Comparison of short-term DAPT and long-term DAPT on the prognosis of PCI patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yang Jiaxin , Ding Yaodong , Wang Rui , Wang Kexin , Liu Xiaoli , Shen Hua , Sun Yan , Zhou Yujie , Ge Hailong , Fang Zhe 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
This article aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of short-term (3–6 months) dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) compared to long-term (12 months) DAPT.
Methods
We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for all the randomized controlled trials which compared the different durations of DAPT after the percutaneous coronary intervention within ten years before January 2021. The safety endpoint included major bleeding and any bleeding. The efficacy endpoints included all causes of death, cardiac death, myocardial infarction, definite or probable stent thrombosis, target vessel revascularization, and stroke. The hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval were abstracted.
Result
11 trials and 24242 patients were finally included in this meta-analysis. Short-term DAPT was associated with a reduced risk of major bleeding [HR 0.65, 95%CI 0.48–0.89] and any bleeding [HR 0.64, 95%CI 0.53–0.79] compared with long-term DAPT. No significant differences in the risks of other endpoints were observed. In acute coronary syndrome, short-term DAPT was associated with a lower risk of major bleeding [HR 0.57, 95%CI 0.37–0.87].
Conclusion
Compared with long-term DAPT, short-term DAPT reduced bleeding after PCI with DES. Besides, short-term DAPT was also feasible and safely applicable if clinically required even in ACS patients.
S-9-PAHSA regulates glycolipid metabolism by enhancing autophagy and upregulating PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Yu Zhong-yu , Lin Jin-hong , Wang Jian-tao , Liu Ying-chao , Zhang Xiao-ming , Wen Xiao-hong , Zhang Qian , Xu Xiao-die , He Cheng-feng , Xue Wen-jiao , Wang Xin-ru , Ren Jiao-qi , Wang Jin-xiu , Wang Yin , Xiao Ji-chang , Guo Jing-chun , Zhou Hou-guang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The disorders of glucolipid metabolism are prevalent in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Palmitic-Acid-Hydroxy-Stearic Acid (PAHSA) had been reported to benefit glucolipid metabolism in diabetic mice. Given the importance of autophagy in T2DM, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether S-9-PAHSA has specific therapeutic effects on diabetics, particularly with regards to autophagy.﻿Methods: 19-week-old male C57BL6 mice were fed with high-fat-diet for 4 months, and ﻿administered with 22.5 mg/kg/d or 5.5 mg/kg/d fatty acids or an equivalent volume of vehicle for 35 days. Glucose levels and weight were determined. Insulin, glycosylated serum protein (GSP), glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) and oxidized modified low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) were assessed by ELISA kit. Autophagy-related proteins P62 and Beclin-1in cerebral cortex were detected by western blot. SH-SY 5Y cells were incubated under diabetic environment (glucose 100mmol/L, fatty acid 200μmol/L), and then treated with S-9-PAHSA, R-9-PAHSA and 9-PAHSA. Cell viability, cell proliferation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were detected by respective kits. Apoptosis was assessed by the TUNEL assay. The protein levels of apoptosis (Cleaved caspase-3, BAX/Bcl-2), autophagy (Beclin1, p62 and LC3II/I) and PI3K/AKT pathway were determined by western blot. Results: Although S-9-PAHSA did not alter glucose levels, weight, GLP-1 and GSP in mice, high-does S-9-PAHSA improved insulin resistance and lowered ox-LDL. Compared with control group, the up-regulated expression of P62 and down-regulated expression of Beclin1 in diabetic mice were found, and the S-9-PAHSA administration reduced P62. In vitro, S-9-PAHSA increased cell viability and proliferation while reduced LDH release and ROS production, which were better than R-9-PAHSA and 9-PAHSA. S-9-PAHSA could lower the levels of Cleaved caspase-3 and percentage of TUNEL-positive cells. S-9-PAHSA enhanced the expression of LC3II/I under high glucose and fatty acid stimulation. PI3K and p-AKT/AKT ratio under diabetic environment had a downward trend, and S-9-PAHSA might enhance their expression, but there was no statistical difference. Conclusions: S-9-PAHSA could regulate glycolipid metabolism in HFD-induced T2DM mice through autophagy-associated protein, and exerted protective effects on diabetes by the regulation of autophagy, reducing oxidative stress, partially activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Trend Changes and Factor Analysis of Endometrial Hyperplasia in Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Based on the Korean National Health Insurance Database
Authors: Park Bora , Lee Hakmo , Park Suyeon , Lee Eun Sil , Lee Jeong Jae , Lee Young , Seo Je Hyun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder associated with an increased risk of other gynecological disorders, such as endometrial hyperplasia (EH). However, substantial factors in the comorbidity of EH and PCOS remain to be investigated. We analyzed trend changes in PCOS and factors related to the comorbidity of PCOS and EH using data from the Korea National Health Insurance (KNHI) claims database.Methods The data for this population-based study of people diagnosed with PCOS or EH in Korea from 2009 to 2016 were collected from the KNHI claims database between 2007 and 2017. We conducted a trend analysis of the prevalence and incidence of PCOS and EH. In addition, we performed a logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors associated with EH incidence in people with PCOS using the matched case-control methodology.Results The average annual growth rate of the incidence of PCOS was 14.1% from 2009 to 2016, whereas the EH rate increased by only 3.4% annually. Comorbidities, type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and infertility, increased the risk of EH in PCOS patients. Additionally, the cumulative duration of oral contraceptive treatment for PCOS correlated highly with the comorbidity of EH and PCOS.Conclusions We confirmed the relationship between PCOS and EH using big data suitable for time series analyses of the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Care is needed when choosing oral contraceptives and progestin to treat PCOS.
Iron and aluminum substitution mechanism in the perovskite phase in the system MgSiO3-FeAlO3-MgO
Authors: Ishii Takayuki , McCammon Catherine , Katsura Tomoo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFe,Al-bearing MgSiO3 perovskite (bridgmanite) is considered to be the most abundant mineral in Earth’s lower mantle, hosting ferric iron in its structure as charge-coupled (Fe2O3 and FeAlO3) and vacancy components (MgFeO2.5 and Fe2/3SiO3). We examined concentrations of ferric iron and aluminum in the perovskite phase as a function of temperature (1700–2300 K) in the MgSiO3-FeAlO3-MgO system at 27 GPa using a multi-anvil high-pressure apparatus. We found a LiNbO3-structured phase in the quenched run product, which was the perovskite phase under high pressures and high temperatures. The perovskite phase coexists with corundum and a phase with (Mg,Fe3+,☐)(Al,Fe3+)2O4 composition (☐ = vacancy). The FeAlO3 component in the perovskite phase decreases from 69 to 65 mol% with increasing temperature. The Fe2O3 component in the perovskite phase remains unchanged at ~1 mol% with temperature. The A-site vacancy component of Fe2/3SiO3 in the perovskite phase exists as 1–2 mol% at 1700–2000 K, whereas 1 mol% of the oxygen vacancy component of MgFeO2.5 appears at higher temperatures, although the analytical errors prevent definite conclusions. The A-site vacancy component might be more important than the oxygen vacancy component for the defect chemistry of bridgmanite in slabs and for average mantle conditions when the FeAlO3 charge-coupled component is dominant.
A Platform to Develop and Apply Digital Methods for Empirical Bioethics Research: Mixed Methods Design and Development Study
Authors: Schneider Manuel 
Published: May 2022

Background
The rise of digital methods and computational tools has opened up the possibility of collecting and analyzing data from novel sources, such as discussions on social media. At the same time, these methods and tools introduce a dependence on technology, often resulting in a need for technical skills and expertise. Researchers from various disciplines engage in empirical bioethics research, and software development and similar skills are not usually part of their background. Therefore, researchers often depend on technical experts to develop and apply digital methods, which can create a bottleneck and hinder the broad use of digital methods in empirical bioethics research.

Objective
This study aimed to develop a research platform that would offer researchers the means to better leverage implemented digital methods, and that would simplify the process of developing new methods.

Methods
This study used a mixed methods approach to design and develop a research platform prototype. I combined established methods from user-centered design, rapid prototyping, and agile software development to iteratively develop the platform prototype. In collaboration with two other researchers, I tested and extended the platform prototype in situ by carrying out a study using the prototype.

Results
The resulting research platform prototype provides three digital methods, which are composed of functional components. This modular concept allows researchers to use existing methods for their own experiments and combine implemented components into new methods.

Conclusions
The platform prototype illustrates the potential of the modular concept and empowers researchers without advanced technical skills to carry out experiments using digital methods and develop new methods. However, more work is needed to bring the prototype to a production-ready state.
Paradise Lost: The Providence of Style
Authors: Rajan B. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
If we approach the language-tactics of Paradise Lost from the inside rather than externally, we see that these tactics are not only the best but perhaps the only possible means of bringing the poem into imaginative life. The manner in which the language of the poem is held away from nature enables it to convey the quality of events that are beyond and prior to nature. Distancing, however, is not disconnection; through the relief of similes and other devices the language maintains its relationship with the everyday. Further, the verse paragraph, with its contention between metrical and grammatical forces, and the syntax, with its delayed resolutions, microcosmically enact the drama of the poem in the drama of the language. The simultaneous sense of both pattern and process is achieved through the backward and forward links of imagery and the manner in which the moment of local life is repeatedly made to open into the whole poem. The style may be formally that of secondary epic; but it satisfies with true creative fidelity the demands of both architectural and organic decorum.
“Paradise Regained”: Inner Ritual
Authors: Cope Jackson I. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Milton's defense of blank verse was directed in part at Dryden's rejection of it, and Dryden was influenced by the argument in his later drama. But Milton's interest in the heroic drama went beyond versification. Satan operates at one level to satirize successfully the basic premise of heroic drama: that superhuman protagonists can act significantly in a context where love and honor are polarities emptied of the limiting human interplay which gives either meaning. Again Dryden may have listened to Milton, because the development of Almanzor is away from satanic activism toward patience under providence, from assertion of his own will to acceptance of God's. The culmination of this interwoven series of literary events is Paradise Regained, where the pattern which Dryden presented dramatically is reenacted in a ritualistic context appropriate to the divine, supra-historical point of view which Milton evokes in a number of ways.
Milton's Passionate Epic
Authors: Fixler Michael 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Paradise Lost not only sets out to justify God's ways to men, but being an act of worship was intended to celebrate the mystery of God's Providence. As a unique devotional offering the work identifies poetry with prayer while it discriminates sacramentally two kinds of readers: general ones, and the “fit audience... though few.” For Milton the prototype of such worship was Apocalyptic, the worship of the Lamb in Revelation, and the instrument by which such worship approached the perfection of ultimate saintly apotheosis was the fiery spirit of prayer which was identifiable with the highest reach of the poetic furors. On this basis it is possible to recognize a greatly enlarged meaning in the allusiveness of the invocation to Book VII.