bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of inorganic and organic electrolytes on the micellization of synthesized γ‐alkyl (C12 and C14) aspartate
Authors: Sharma Himani , Tyagi Rashmi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAmino acid‐based surfactants are emerging as important biocompatible and eco‐friendly surfactants. This work explores C12 and C14 γ‐alkyl aspartic acid surfactants to understand their preparation, micellization, and surface properties, including critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension at CMC, thermodynamic properties, and biodegradation. A duration of 24 h produced the highest yield for the synthesis of γ‐alkyl aspartate from C12 and C14 fatty alcohols and aspartic acid. Their chemical structures were identified using elemental analysis, FT‐IR, and 1H and 13C‐NMR. Synthesized sodium γ‐tetradecyl aspartate (SGTdA) possessed a lower CMC value than synthesized sodium γ‐dodecyl aspartate (SGDdA). However, a higher biodegradability was observed for the shorter‐chain surfactant (SGDdA), that is, 84.6% in 7 days using activated sludge as a secondary effluent. In addition, the effect of inorganic and organic salts on the interfacial properties of surfactants was studied. It was observed that salts are very effective and active in reducing the CMC of surfactants.
Determination and traceability of matrine and oxymatrine in Chinese acacia honey
Authors: Zongyan Cui , Hong Lin , Lei Chen , Xuezhe Huang , Tao Ding , Jinzhong Xu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundMatrine and oxymatrine were detected in Chinese acacia honey. In order to study their sources, some acacia honey samples from different years and producing areas were collected, and a method for the determination of matrine and oxymatrine in honey by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was established. The linear range was 1–100 ng/ml and the limit of quantification was 1.0 μg/kg. At the spiking level of 1.0, 2.0, and 10.0 μg/kg, the recoveries were in the range of 71.3%–104.6% and RSD was 1.3%–4.8%. The method can be used for the determination of matrine and oxymatrine in honey and plant flowers, leaves, and stems.ResultsMatrine and oxymatrine were detected in 27 of 39 acacia honey samples collected in 2021. In samples from the other years, 14 of the 18 samples of acacia honey tested were found positive. No matrine or oxymatrine residues were detected in the flowers of acacia, whilst high levels of matrine and oxymatrine were detected in the flowers, leaves and stems of the Sophora davidii Skeels. The highest level of oxymatrine and matrine detected were 283.9 and 58.8 mg/kg, respectively, more than a thousand times higher than the content detected in acacia honey (unit: μg/kg).ConclusionsIt was confirmed that the matrine and oxymatrine were inevitable in acacia honey of northwest China and originated from the introduction of S. davidii Skeels nectar.
Can the Remote Use of a Peak Flow Meter Predict Severity of Subglottic Stenosis and Surgical Timing?
Authors: Park Meredith , Tie Kevin , Davis Heather , Hall Joseph , Buckmire Robert A. , Shah Rupali N. 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveWe aimed to assess the relationship between patient‐performed and patient‐reported peak flow meter (PFM) measurements with pulmonary function testing (PFT) and Dyspnea Index (DI) scores as a tool for monitoring Subglottic stenosis (SGS) disease progression remotely.MethodsThirty‐five SGS patients were prospectively enrolled. Patients were given PFMs to report serial measurements from home. DI scores and PFT were recorded at serial clinic visits. Data were analyzed to determine the correlation between PFM measurements and PFT data. Pre‐operative and post‐operative PFM measurements, PFT, and DI scores were analyzed for patients who underwent operative intervention. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created for PFM measurements, PFT data, and DI scores to predict the likelihood of surgery.ResultsPFM measurements had a “strong” correlation with the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), r = 0.78. Means of PEFR, PIFR, EDI, PFM measurements, and DI scores all significantly improved after the operative intervention (p ≤ 0.05). The area under the curve for ROC curves for DI scores, PFM measurements, and EDI were highest in our cohort with values of 0.896, 0.823, and 0.806, respectively.ConclusionIn our SGS cohort, PFM measurements correlate strongly with PEFR measurements. PFM measurements can adequately demonstrate disease progression and predict the need for surgery in this patient population. Together, DI scores and PFM measurements may be a useful tool to remotely follow patients with SGS and inform timing of in‐person assessments.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 133:628–633, 2023
Modeling secondary cancer risk ratios for proton versus carbon ion beam therapy: A comparative study based on the local effect model
Authors: Hufnagl Antonia , Johansson Gracinda , Siegbahn Albert , Durante Marco , Friedrich Thomas , Scholz Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIon beam therapy allows for substantial sparing of normal tissues. Besides deterministic normal‐tissue complications, stochastic long‐term effects like secondary cancer (SC) induction are of importance when comparing different treatment modalities.PurposeTo develop a modeling approach for comparison of SC risk in proton and carbon ion therapy.Methods and MaterialsThe local effect model (LEM) is used to predict the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of SC induction after particle therapy. A key feature of the new approach is the double use of the LEM, reflecting the competition between the two processes of mutation induction (leading to cancer development) and cell inactivation (leading to suppression of cancer development). Based on previous investigations, treatment plans were in this work analyzed for an idealized geometry in order to assess the underlying systematic dependencies of cancer induction. In a further step, relative SC risks were predicted for proton and carbon ion treatment plans prepared for 10 prostate cancer patients.ResultsWe investigated the impact of factors such as treatment plan geometry, fractionation scheme, and tissue radiosensitivity to photon irradiation on the ion beam SC risk. Our model studies do not result in a clear preference for either protons or carbon ions, but rather indicate a complex interplay of different aspects. Reduced lateral scattering leads to a lower SC risk for carbon ions compared to protons at the lateral field margins in the entrance channel, while an increased risk was found closely behind the tumor due to projectile fragmentation. The fractionation scheme had little impact on the expected risk ratio. With respect to sensitivity parameters, those characterizing RBE for cell killing of potentially cancerous cells as well as of the primary tumor had the most significant impact. The observed general systematic dependencies are in agreement with results from previous model studies. The prostate patient study reveals reduced SC risks predictions for skin and bones for carbon ions as compared to protons, but higher mean risks for bladder and rectum.ConclusionThe methods established in this work provide a basis for further investigating treatment optimizing strategies for ion beam therapy with regard to SC risk comparisons.
A new method of 3D direct current resistivity modelling using a long electrode source for forward probing in tunnels
Authors: Hu Daiming , Tezkan Bülent , Yue Mingxin , Yang Xiaodong , Wu Xiaoping 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTThe direct current resistivity method has been widely used for the prediction of water‐bearing structures in subway tunnels and mine tunnels. The traditional direct current resistivity uses point electrode sources in tunnels to excite the electric field; potential electrodes are arranged on the back of the tunnel face to measure the position of the anomaly using the apparent resistivity sounding curve. Due to the dimension limitations of the tunnel cavity, the maximum distance of potential electrodes is often restricted. Thus, the exploration depth often cannot cover the target appropriately. Additionally, owing to the inaccessibility of point electrode sources on the tunnel face, point electrode sources can only be set near the tunnel face, so the electric signal excited by point electrode sources cannot be coupled with the water‐bearing anomaly at a large depth. As such the traditional point electrode method for forward probing in tunnels has a shortcoming of small detection depth. To overcome this problem by increasing the detection depth, a horizontal drilling copper casing is first used as a new long electrode source array, which (as far as the authors are aware) has never been reported in forward probing in tunnels. We developed a new method of 3D direct current resistivity modelling with a long electrode source for forward probing in tunnels using the finite‐element method. The long electrode current source was used to replace the conventional point electrode current source, and the observed potential electrodes were respectively arranged in the tunnel floor, tunnel face and horizontal drilling. Theoretical formulas for the long electrode source for the whole‐space direct current method are first applied in forward probing in tunnels. An analytical test for a whole‐space model with the long electrode source has been used to validate the accuracy of the 3D algorithm. Three synthetic geological models for the long electrode source were used to examine the applicability by investigating the detection capability to predict the anomaly. The observed signal of apparent resistivity excited by the long electrode source is stronger than that of the point electrode source because the long electrode source is closer to the anomaly. This new method using the long electrode source greatly improves the resolution of the anomaly, which is of great significance for the safety of the tunnel construction.
A population PK–PD model of YH4808, a novel P‐CAB, and intragastric pH that incorporated negative feedback by increased intragastric pH onto the systemic exposure to YH4808
Authors: Chung Tae Kyu , Lee Hyun A. , Lee Kyeong‐Ryoon , Jang Seong Bok , Yu Kyung‐Sang , Lee Howard 
Published: June 2022

AbstractYH4808 is a novel potassium‐competitive acid blocker that is under clinical development to treat patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcer diseases. In this study, the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of YH4808 were modeled in healthy male volunteers who received a single oral dose of YH4808 at 30, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg or matching placebo and multiple once‐daily oral doses of YH4808 at 100, 200, and 400 mg or matching placebo for 7 days. A population PK–PD model adequately described the time–concentration‐effect profiles of YH4808. The maximum increasing effect of YH4808 on intragastric pH was 4.38, which was higher than the observed maximum increase in intragastric pH after omeprazole at 40 mg (2.2 in pH). The maximum inhibitory effect by the increased intragastric pH on the exposure to repeated YH4808 was 58% from baseline. Monte–Carlo simulation experiments based on the final model showed that YH4808 at 200 mg will produce a higher percentage of time at pH > 4 over 24 h on day 1 than observed value of esomeprazole at 40 mg once‐daily, an active comparator (84.7% time vs. 58.3% time, respectively). Because YH4808 at ≥200 mg resulted in a higher percentage of time at intragastric pH > 4 than seen after once‐daily esomeprazole at 40 mg and YH4808 showed acceptable tolerability at a single‐dose of 30–800 mg, we suggest to test the 200 mg once daily dosage regimen in further clinical trials of YH4808.
The intricacies of identifying equatorial waves
Authors: Knippertz Peter , Gehne Maria , Kiladis George N. , Kikuchi Kazuyoshi , Rasheeda Satheesh Athul , Roundy Paul E. , Yang Gui‐Ying , Žagar Nedjeljka , Dias Juliana , Fink Andreas H. , Methven John , Schlueter Andreas , Sielmann Frank , Wheeler Matthew C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEquatorial waves (EWs) are synoptic‐ to planetary‐scale propagating disturbances at low latitudes with periods from a few days to several weeks. Here, this term includes Kelvin waves, equatorial Rossby waves, mixed Rossby–gravity waves, and inertio‐gravity waves, which are well described by linear wave theory, but it also other tropical disturbances such as easterly waves and the intraseasonal Madden–Julian Oscillation with more complex dynamics. EWs can couple with deep convection, leading to a substantial modulation of clouds and rainfall. EWs are amongst the dynamic features of the troposphere with the longest intrinsic predictability, and models are beginning to forecast them with an exploitable level of skill. Most of the methods developed to identify and objectively isolate EWs in observations and model fields rely on (or at least refer to) the adiabatic, frictionless linearized primitive equations on the sphere or the shallow‐water system on the equatorial ‐plane. Common ingredients to these methods are zonal wave‐number–frequency filtering (Fourier or wavelet) and/or projections onto predefined empirical or theoretical dynamical patterns. This paper gives an overview of six different methods to isolate EWs and their structures, discusses the underlying assumptions, evaluates the applicability to different problems, and provides a systematic comparison based on a case study (February 20–May 20, 2009) and a climatological analysis (2001–2018). In addition, the influence of different input fields (e.g., winds, geopotential, outgoing long‐wave radiation, rainfall) is investigated. Based on the results, we generally recommend employing a combination of wave‐number–frequency filtering and spatial‐projection methods (and of different input fields) to check for robustness of the identified signal. In cases of disagreement, one needs to carefully investigate which assumptions made for the individual methods are most probably not fulfilled. This will help in choosing an approach optimally suited to a given problem at hand and avoid misinterpretation of the results.
Endemic Guadalupe bass (Micropterus treculii) are supported by isotopically distinct resources in tributary versus mainstem river food webs
Authors: Pease Allison A. , Pease Jessica E. , Bean Preston T. , Grabowski Timothy B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe used stable isotope analysis to investigate differences in Guadalupe bass (Micropterus treculii) resource use that might be associated with population‐level variation in mainstem river versus tributary stream habitats. Guadalupe bass from mainstem sites had higher δ13C and δ15N values compared to those collected in tributaries, likely reflecting greater importance of algae as a basal resource and influences of urban wastewater in mainstem habitats. Documenting ecological variation across ecosystem types is important to inform fish conservation efforts, especially for species that occupy a range of stream sizes.
Cu‐Doped Polypyrrole with Multi‐Catalytic Activities for Sono‐Enhanced Nanocatalytic Tumor Therapy
Authors: Chen Ting , Zeng Weiwei , Liu Yuanqi , Yu Mian , Huang Chenyi , Shi Zhaoqing , Lin Chuchu , Tang Jia , Mei Lin , Wu Meiying 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNanocatalytic medicine is a burgeoning disease treatment model with high specificity and biosafety in which the nanocatalyst is the core of driving catalytic reaction to generate therapeutic outcomes. However, the robust defense systems in the pathological region would counteract nanocatalyst‐initiated therapeutics. Here, a Cu‐doped polypyrrole is innovatively developed by a facile oxidative polymerization reaction, which exhibits intriguing multi‐catalytic activities, including catalyzing H2O2 to generate O2 and ·OH, and consuming reduced glutathione by a Cu(II)‐Cu(I) transition approach. By decorating with sonosensitizers and DSPE‐PEG, the obtained CuPPy‐TP plus US irradiation can induce severe oxidative damage to tumor cells by amplifying oxidative stress and simultaneously relieving antioxidant capacity in tumors based on the highly effective sonochemical and redox reactions. The notable tumor‐specific biodegradability, remarkable cell apoptosis in vitro, and tumor suppression in vivo are demonstrated in this work, which not only present a promising biocompatible antitumor nanocatalyst but also broaden the perspective in oxidative stress‐based antitumor therapy.
Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Effects of Polysaccharides from Pleurotus ostreatus on Immunosuppressed Mice
Authors: Du Biqi , Zhang Xiao , Zhu Caiping , Wu Yuan , Ji Huijie , Zhang Yifan , Yue Xiaoxia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe presented study investigates the immunity activities of Pleurotus ostreatus polysaccharides (POP) in cyclophosphamide (CTX)‐immunosuppressed mice. The CTX‐induced mice are orally administrated with POP at the dosage of 100, 200, and 400 mg kg−1 bodyweight respectively, for 28 days. Experimental results show that POP improves the immune functions of the immunosuppressed mice, retards the decrease in body weight and enhances the immune organ index, and simultaneously increases the T‐lymphocyte proliferation rate. In the POP group, the level of delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH), the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acid phosphatase (ACP), immunoprotein (Ig‐A, Ig‐G, Ig‐M), cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐2, INF‐γ), blood parameters (red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, platelets) are also remarkably improved compared to the CTX group. This study shows that POP exhibits significant antioxidant activity by enhancing catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX), total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC), and total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD), and inversely decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. In conclusion, it can be proved that the preventive intervention of POP can enhance the immune function and antioxidant activity in the immunosuppressed mice. These findings may provide a valuable reference for the application of POP in chemotherapy‐induced immunosuppression therapy.
Numerical Bifurcation Analysis of PDEs From Lattice Boltzmann Model Simulations: a Parsimonious Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Galaris Evangelos , Fabiani Gianluca , Gallos Ioannis , Kevrekidis Ioannis , Siettos Constantinos 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe address a three-tier data-driven approach for the numerical solution of the inverse problem in Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) and for their numerical bifurcation analysis from spatio-temporal data produced by Lattice Boltzmann model simulations using machine learning. In the first step, we exploit manifold learning and in particular parsimonious Diffusion Maps using leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) to both identify the intrinsic dimension of the manifold where the emergent dynamics evolve and for feature selection over the parameter space. In the second step, based on the selected features, we learn the right-hand-side of the effective PDEs using two machine learning schemes, namely shallow Feedforward Neural Networks (FNNs) with two hidden layers and single-layer Random Projection Networks (RPNNs), which basis functions are constructed using an appropriate random sampling approach. Finally, based on the learned black-box PDE model, we construct the corresponding bifurcation diagram, thus exploiting the numerical bifurcation analysis toolkit. For our illustrations, we implemented the proposed method to perform numerical bifurcation analysis of the 1D FitzHugh-Nagumo PDEs from data generated byD1Q3 Lattice Boltzmann simulations. The proposed method was quite effective in terms of numerical accuracy regarding the construction of the coarse-scale bifurcation diagram. Furthermore, the proposed RPNN scheme was$$\sim $$∼20 to 30 times less costly regarding the training phase than the traditional shallow FNNs, thus arising as a promising alternative to deep learning for the data-driven numerical solution of the inverse problem for high-dimensional PDEs.
Land consolidation through parcel exchange among landowners using a distributed Spark-based genetic algorithm
Authors: Teijeiro Diego , Amor Margarita , Doallo Ramón , Corbelle Eduardo , Porta Juan , Parapar Jorge 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLand consolidation is an essential tool for public administrations to reduce the fragmentation of land ownership. In particular, parcel exchange shows promising potential for restructuring parcel holdings, even more when the number of parcels and owners involved is large. Unfortunately, the number of possible exchange combinations grows very quickly with the number of participating landowners and parcels, with the associated challenge of finding an acceptable solution. In this paper, we present a high-performance solution for parcel exchange based on genetic algorithms. Our proposal, using Apache Spark framework, is based on the exploiting of distributed-memory systems with effortless access in order to reduce the execution time. This also allows increasing the search width through multiple populations that share their advances. This can be achieved without compromising the search depth thanks to the higher amount of resources available from using distributed-memory systems. Our proposal is capable of achieving better solutions in lower amounts of time compared to previous works, showing that genetic algorithms on a high performance system can be used to propose fair parcel exchanges under strict time constraints, even in complex scenarios. The performance achieved allows for fast trial of several options, reducing the time usually needed to perform administrative procedures associated with land fragmentation problems. Specifically, our proposal is capable of combining the benefits of both depth-focused and width-focused multithreaded parallelization. It matches the speedup gains of depth-focused multithreaded parallelization. The width-focused parallelization provides local minimum resilience and fitness value reduction potential. In this paper, multithreading solutions and Spark-based solutions are tested.
Can rainfall seasonality trigger soil water repellency in a tropical riparian forest?
Authors: Brito Gleicon Queiroz de , Murta Johnny Rodrigues de Melo , Mendonça Filho Sérgio Fernandes , Salemi Luiz Felippe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThough riparian areas generally have a shallow water table and higher soil moisture compared to upslope areas, climatic seasonality may trigger water repellency in tropical riparian forests, which, if persistent, could negatively affect essential ecosystem functions related to water resources protection such as reduced overland-flow, sediment transport, and nutrient filtration. The objective of this study was to answer the following: can tropical riparian forests develop water repellency? If so, does water repellency affect infiltration on a seasonal basis? For this, water repellency and infiltration were measured in a grid of 72 points during a dry and a wet month of a tropical riparian forest with a shallow water table in a region with highly marked climatic seasonality. Water repellency and infiltration were significantly different between the wet and dry months. Water repellency affected negatively infiltration in the dry month, its effect in the wet month was insignificant. As a result, a higher infiltration capacity was observed over the wet period. Previous research has claimed that the development and persistence of repellency in soils could promote other hydrological processes such as overland flow. The findings shown here demonstrate that such phenomenon does not persist longer than the dry season.