bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urinary Metabolic Profiling of Liver Fluke-induced Cholangiocarcinoma – a Validation Study
Authors: Alsaleh Munirah , Sithithaworn Paiboon , Khuntikeo Narong , Loilome Watcharin , Yongvanit Puangrat , Hughes Thomas , O’Connor Thomas , Andrews Ross H. , Wadsworth Christopher A. , Williams Roger , Koomson Larry , Cox I. Jane , Holmes Elaine , Taylor-Robinson Simon D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Global liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) profiling in a Thai population identified a urinary metabolic signature in Opisthorchis viverrini-induced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), primarily characterised by disturbance in acylcarnitine, bile acid, steroid and purine metabolism. However, the detection of thousands of analytes by LC-MS in a biological sample in a single experiment potentially introduces false discovery errors. To verify these observed metabolic perturbations, a second validation dataset from the same population was profiled in similar fashion.
Methods
Reverse-phase ultra-performance liquid-chomatography mass spectrometry (RP-UPLC-MS) was utilised to acquire the global spectral profile of 98 spot urine samples (from 46 healthy volunteers and 52 CCA patients) recruited from Khon Kaen, northeast Thailand (the highest incidence of CCA globally).
Results
Metabolites were differentially expressed in the urinary profiles from CCA patients. High urinary elimination of bile acids was affected by the presence of obstructive jaundice. The urine metabolome associated with non-jaundiced CCA patients showed a distinctive pattern, similar but not identical to published studies. A panel of 10 metabolites achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 93.4% and AUC value of 98.8% (CI = 96.3%-100%) for the presence of CCA.
Conclusion
Global characterisation of CCA urinary metabolome identified several metabolites of biological interest in this validation study. Analyses of the diagnostic utility of the discriminant metabolites showed excellent diagnostic potential. Further larger scale studies are required to confirm these findings internationally, particularly in comparison to sporadic CCA, not associated with liver fluke infestation.
Validation of the Cough Phenotype TBQ among Elderly Finnish Subjects
Authors: Koskela Heikki O , Kaulamo Johanna T , Selander Tuomas A , Lätti Anne M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Phenotypes are defined as the observable properties of disorders that are produced by the interactions of the genotype and the environment. The approaches to phenotype disorders have evolved from subjective expert opinion to data-driven methodologies. A previous cluster analysis among working-age subjects with cough revealed a phenotype TBQ (Triggers, Background disorders, Quality of life impairment), which included 38% of the subjects with cough. The present study was carried out to validate this phenotyping among elderly, retired subjects with cough.
Methods
This was an observational, cross-sectional study conducted via email among the members of the Finnish Pensioners` Federation (N = 26 205, 23.6% responded). The final analysis included 1109 subjects with current cough (mean age 72.9 years (range 64–90 years) with 67.7% females). All filled in a comprehensive 86-item questionnaire including the Leicester Cough Questionnaire. Phenotypes were identified utilizing K-means partitional clustering.
Results
Two clusters were identified. The cluster A included 75.2% and cluster B 24.8% of the subjects. The three most important variables to separate the clusters were the number of the cough triggers (mean 2.47 (SD 2.34) vs. 7.08 (3.16), respectively, p < 0.001), Leicester Cough Questionnaire physical domain (5.38 (0.68) vs. 4.21 (0.81), respectively, p < 0.001), and the number of the cough background disorders (0.82 (0.78) vs. 1.99 (0.89), respectively, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
The phenotype TBQ could be identified also among elderly, retired subjects with cough, thus validating the previous phenotyping among working-age subjects. The main underlying pathophysiological feature separating the phenotype TBQ from the rest of the coughing subjects is probably hypersensitivity of the cough reflex arc.
Breast cancer and obesity: a qualitative analysis of a diverse population of breast cancer patients’ perspectives on weight management
Authors: Fasano Genevieve A. , Bayard Solange , Johnson Josh , Gordon Ashley , Harris Mia , Taiwo Evelyn , Yeung Jennifer , Zenilman Michael , Newman Lisa , Bea Vivian J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Obesity and weight gain in breast cancer survivors leads to a greater risk of recurrence and a decreased chance of survival. A paucity of data exists regarding strengths, weaknesses, and barriers for implementing culturally sensitive, patient-centered interventions for weight management among minority communities. The objective of this study was to evaluate breast cancer patients’ experience and perspectives regarding weight management in a racially diverse population.
Methods
Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with breast cancer patients with a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 regarding their experience with weight management. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and a thematic analysis was conducted.
Results
Participants (n = 17) mostly identified as non-Hispanic Black (70.6%). Nearly all participants felt comfortable being approached about weight management, yet less than half (41.2%) reported that they knew about the link between breast cancer and body weight prior to the interview. Four themes emerged: (1) lack of knowledge regarding the link between body weight and breast cancer risk, (2) barriers to weight management including family stressors, high cost, mental health issues, and chronic medical conditions, (3) previous attempts at weight loss including bariatric surgery, and (4) best practices for approaching weight management including discussion of weight management prior to survivorship.
Conclusion
There is a need for a multidisciplinary, patient-centered weight management program for minority breast cancer patients that improves awareness of the link between weight and breast cancer risk. Weight management should be introduced early on as an element of the treatment plan for breast cancer.
Enabling mental health task-sharing: A collective case study of undergraduate clinical associate training programmes in South Africa
Authors: Moodley Saiendhra Vasudevan , Wolvaardt Jacqueline , Grobler Christoffel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: There is a shortage of the human resources needed to deliver mental health services in South Africa which is likely to be exacerbated by COVID-19. Due to mental health workforce shortages, task-shifting and task-sharing approaches have been implemented in other countries. Clinical associates, a mid-level cadre working under the supervision of medical practitioners, could play a role in delivering mental health services but it is not clear if they are adequately prepared . This study explored the mental health curriculum content of the undergraduate clinical associate training programmes in South Africa. Methods: A qualitative collective case study approach was utilised for this multisite study at the three universities in South Africa offering clinical associate degrees. The study consisted of in-depth interviews utilising videoconferencing of individuals involved in each programme and a document review. Thematic analysis of the data was conducted. Results: Nineteen interviews were conducted. Mental health formed part of the curriculum in all three programmes with the bulk of the training taking place in the final year of the three-year degree. Facility-based training ranged from two weeks to four weeks with one university only using hospitals with mental health units while two universities used hospitals at which the students were based for the year regardless of potential mental health exposure they would receive. The list of curricula inclusions extended to seldom-seen conditions. The quality of training and supervision appeared site-dependant and only one university set minimum experiential targets. Conclusions: There is a basis on which to build the competencies and skills regarding mental health in this cadre. A training model that integrates mental health early in the undergraduate curriculum, focuses on common conditions and those with high disease burden, includes time in a mental health unit, provides facility-based trainers with detailed guidance to improve standardisation, and includes specific experiential targets that are monitored will enhance the potential utility of this cadre.
Favourable outcome of multisystem venous thrombosis associated with novel SERPINC1 mutation after treated with dabigatran: a case report and literature review
Authors: Liu Yu , Huang Teng , Jiang Xiaofeng , Zhang Wei , Zhou Honglian , Hu Qi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Thrombophilia is a group of disorders that predispose to thrombosis, involving the interaction between genetic and acquired factors, mainly manifested as recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE). Mutations in SERPINC1 lead to deficiency in antithrombin (AT) which is an endogenous anticoagulant of normal hemostasis and could result in VTE. Herein, we report a case of hereditary thrombophilia manifested by recurrent thrombosis involving the deep veins of the lower extremities, splanchnic veins, and cerebral vein. Case presentation: A 61-year-old male patient with recurrent thrombosis involving the deep veins of the lower extremities, splanchnic veins, and cerebral vein. Laboratory tests revealed a type I AT deficiency in this patient and further whole exome sequencing (WES) identified a novel heterozygous frameshift duplication (c.233_236dup, p.Val80Alafs*26) in SERPINC1 gene. After diagnosis, the patient was treated with dabigatran and obtained a perfect therapeutic effect.Conclusion: A novel frameshift variation (c.233_236dup, p.Val80Alafs*26) within the SERPINC1 gene was identified in a multisystem VTE patient, which may play a significant role in human hereditary AT deficiencies. Our study enriches the insights of genetic factors for VTE and will facilitate the genetic diagnosis of this disease.
The associations between parity, abortion, and menopause status with the prevalence and incidence of thyroid dysfunctions: 12-year follow-up of Tehran Thyroid Study
Authors: Shariatzadeh Siavash , Abdi Hengameh , Hatami Hossein , Amiri Parisa , Shafiee Sepehr , Takyar Miralireza , Azizi Fereidoun , Amouzegar Atieh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The effect of thyroid dysfunctions on the female reproductive system is well recognized. Although many studies pointed out the possible effect of female reproductive status alteration on thyroid function, there are too many contradictions to come up with an exact conclusion. This study aimed to investigate the associations of parity, abortion, and menopause status with the prevalence and incidence of thyroid dysfunctions.
Methods
From the Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS) population, 2191 euthyroid female participants at baseline were selected and followed up in three-year intervals. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine associations between the incidence of thyroid dysfunctions with parity, abortion, and menopause status; age, smoking, body mass index, and thyroid peroxidase antibodies positivity were adjusted.
Results
At the baseline, multiple parities were significantly associated with overt hypothyroidism (OR, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.0-1.26) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (OR, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.03–1.21). Likewise, multiple abortions were associated with overt hyperthyroidism (OR, 95% CI: 2.09, 1.02–4.26). Multiple parities (≥ 4) significantly increased the risk of incident subclinical and clinical hypothyroidism. Moreover, the incidence of overt hypothyroidism significantly decreased in mothers with a history of abortion. No significant associations between menopause status with the prevalence and incidence of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism were observed.
Conclusions
There are relationships between parity and abortion with thyroid function. Understanding the exact mechanism requires more information at the cellular and molecular level on signaling cascades alterations during pregnancy.
Genetic testing of sperm donors at a human sperm bank in China
Authors: Huang Chuan , Wu Hui-Lan , Zhou Wen-Jun , Huang Zeng-Hui , Luo Xue-Feng , Tang Yu-Ling , Liu Qian , Fan Li-Qing , Nie Hong-Chuan , Zhu Wen-Bing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
In China, numerous human sperm banks only perform three-generation family history analysis to exclude genetic diseases with clinical symptoms; therefore, many inherited risks cannot be detected before donor qualification even when a thorough genetic family history evaluation has been performed. Hence, the risk of recessive disease inheritance persists with the current eligibility guidelines in China regarding the donor selection process.
Materials and Methods
Retrospective study that reviewed the genetic test analyses and clinical outcomes of young adult men who were qualified sperm donors at the Hunan Province Human Sperm Bank of China from January 1, 2018, to May 1, 2021. We included a total of 3231 qualified sperm donors: all donors underwent primary screening for thalassemia and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Whereafter, 278 of donors underwent genetic testing for specific genes, and 43 donors underwent whole exome sequencing.
Results
2.4% of 3231 qualified sperm donors might have thalassemia and 1.4% might have G6PD deficiency. Sperm donors with thalassemia and G6PD deficiency would be eliminated. Specific gene testing identified 7 of the 278 donors (2.5%) as carriers of at least one pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in a gene, including 1.9% of 154 donors (3/154) as carrier variants in α-Like or β-Like globin genes, 17.6% of 17 donors (3/17) as carrier variants in GJB2, 12.5% of 8 donors (1/8) as carrier variants in SMN1. In addition, among the 43 sperm donors carrying the 111 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants, eight (18.6%) were carriers of pathogenic variants of the GJB2 gene. The frequency, therefore, was approximately 1 in 5.
Conclusions
The data suggest that used blood routine and RDT can make a preliminary screening of sperm donors, and special gene testing should be performed for sperm donors according to the regional incidence of specific genetic diseases. Meanwhile, whole exome sequencing can be used as a supplementary application in sperm donor genetic testing, and aid a successful and healthy pregnancy. However, industry guidelines must be modified to incorporate its use.
PSAT1 is a promising tumor microenvironment-related prognostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Hongmu , Miao Huikai , Zeng Mingyue , Chen Youfang , Yang Minglei , Wen Zhesheng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background This study aimed to identify tumor microenvironment-related prognostic genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods Transcriptome profiles and clinical data of NSCLC samples were collected from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Datasets. The ESTIMATE algorithm was used to calculate stromal and immune scores. Heatmap plots were applied for screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Venn diagrams were used to assess the intersection of gene groups. DEGs associated with poor prognosis were selected for subsequent analysis. TCGA and Kaplan-Meier Plotter database were used to validate the results of the above analyses. These findings were experimentally validated in NSCLC tissues using quantitative reverse transcription PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 and STRING database were used to investigate co-expression and functional networks associated with hub genes. TIMER database was used to assess the correlation between hub genes and the six main types of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Finally, pan-cancer analysis of hub genes was conducted to investigate the clinical prognosis of diverse cancers. Results Overall survival analysis of the GSE37745 dataset identified PSAT1 as a risk gene. Kaplan–Meier Plotter data also showed that high expression of PSAT1 results in shorter survival time. Experimental validation confirmed the above results. In addition, the expression level of PSAT1 was correlated with tumor purity and immune cell infiltration in NSCLC. The pan-cancer analysis of PSAT1 offers a relatively comprehensive understanding of the oncogenic roles in different tumors.Conclusion Our results indicate that PSAT1 is a promising tumor microenvironment-related prognostic biomarker for NSCLC.
Efficacy of an interdental brush in cleaning artificial plaque on a 3D-printed model base
Authors: Kim Seo Eun , Kim Mi Jeong , Nam Shin-Eun , Lee Seung Pyo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Among interdental cleaning aids (ICAs), interdental brushes (IDBs) are in the spotlight because they can effectively remove plaque from interdental surfaces. Guidance on the correct use of ICAs, such as IDBs, is required to prevent dental plaque accumulation. Since it is impossible to confirm the interdental proximal surface unless extracted, it is difficult to conduct quantitative experiments. This study presented an efficient way to evaluate IDBs by realizing dental structures and embrasures using a Dental computer-aided design (CAD) software and a 3D printer.Methods: Two different sizes of embrasure (0.7 and 1.2 mm) crown models were prepared with CAD software and a 3D printer. To evaluate the cleaning efficacy of IDBs of each size (0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, and 1.5 mm diameters), the 9th cycle of brush move was performed where artificial plaque was spread and a digital camera was used to record the process. The pixels and percentage of cleaning from the recorded digital images were analyzed.Results: The plateau was formed after the 5th brushing cycle under all conditions—after the 5th cycle, the cleaning efficacy of the two crown models was 69.3%–86.4% and 49.8%–75.4%. In these results, the optimal diameters for the IDB were 1.2 and 1.5 mm for embrasure sizes of 0.7 and 1.2 mm, respectively. Moreover, the cleaning efficacy was the highest at 86.4% and 75.4% after the 9th cycle.Conclusions: The 3D-printed model base for the human oral embrasure structure is an adequate model to test artificial plaque removal using IDB. The use of IDBs for more than five cycles does not support the conventional idea that a greater number of IDB brushing moves is more effective in a statistically substantial manner.
Structural reliability of ultra high-performance fibre reinforced concrete beams in shear
Authors: Simwanda Lenganji , De Koker Nico , Viljoen Celeste , Bababfemi Adewumi John 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A study on the shear model uncertainty and structural reliability of ultra high-performance fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) beams with stirrups is presented. Model factors for the shear models given in the JSCE, AFGC and ACI 544 standards are characterised by comparison to non-linear finite element analyses (NLFEA). In comparison to other shear basic parameters, a notable negative correlation between model factors and product of the shear reinforcement ratio and strength (ρwfywm) is observed and therefore, care should be taken with respect to this variable when deriving partial resistance factors for UHPFRC beams with stirrups. When combined with stochastic descriptions of the remaining parameters that describe these analytical models, reliability values for beams designed to the JSCE and AFGC specifications are found to fall 9%, and 22%, below the target values of these standards, while reliability values for the ACI 544 agree with the target value specified for this standard, implying that the partial resistance factor specified for the ACI 544 is appropriate and in harmony with its presently characterised model factor
Nelarabine-induced myelopathy in patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: report of three cases
Authors: Fukuta Takanori , Tanaka Takashi , Hashimoto Taiki , Isahaya Kenji , Kubo Yuko , Yamano Yoshihisa , Satomi Kaishi , Hiraoka Nobuyoshi , Shirakawa Nami , Arakawa Ayumu , Ogawa Chitose , Nishimura Nao , Aoki Jun , Ito Ayumu , Inamoto Yoshihiro , Kim Sung-Won , Fukuda Takahiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Nelarabine is an effective treatment for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. Myelopathy is a problematic adverse event associated with nelarabine. The mechanism leading to myelopathy is unclear. Diagnostic methods and therapy for nelarabine-induced myelopathy have not been established.Case presentation: Three patients who received allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) after nelarabine administration at the National Cancer Center Hospital from December 2014 to March 2021 developed myelopathy. They developed myelopathy 20 days before allo-HCT, 12 days after allo-HCT, and 29 days after allo-HCT, respectively. The intervals from last nelarabine administration to onset of myelopathy were 41 days, 121 days, and 47 days, respectively. The initial symptom was paresthesia in the lower legs in all patients. In two of three patients, magnetic resonance imaging showed lesions in the dorsal column or medulla oblongata, a characteristic finding of nelarabine-induced myelopathy that was similar to findings in mitochondrial diseases. We treated all three patients with intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone, but all became unable to walk. One patient died on day 101 due to the progression of neurotoxicity. In the other two patients, neurological symptoms spontaneously improved. One patient is alive and became able to walk with a cane despite some muscle weakness in his lower extremities by 8 months after allo-HCT. The other patient was able to move around in a wheelchair but died of mucormycosis on day 476 after allo-HCT. Postmortem autopsy of two patients showed spongiosis of the posterior funiculus. One patient also had the same finding in the medulla oblongata.Conclusions: Nelarabine is a valid treatment option. However, these cases suggest that allo-HCT can worsen nelarabine-induced myelopathy, a potentially fatal condition for which there is no effective treatment. Elucidation of the mechanism and establishment of diagnostic methods and therapies for nelarabine-induced myelopathy are needed.