bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flat irregular pigment epithelial detachment over time and outcome of different treatment regimens
Authors: Ebrahimiadib Nazanin , Mehrabi Bahar Mohammadreza , Riazi-esfahani Hamid , Pour Elias Khalili , Ghassemi Fariba , Faghihi Hooshang , Mirshahi Ahmad , Roohipourmoallai Ramak , Lashay Alireza , Mahmoudi Alireza , Fadakar Kaveh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo present long-term visual and structural outcome of treatment in two forms of flat irregular pigment epithelial detachment (FIPED): avascular (aFIPED) and vascularized (vFIPED) in eyes within pachychoroid spectrum. Prospective interventional case series. FIPED were classified into two subgroups; aFIPED and vFIPED based on OCTA. aFIPED underwent PDT, and vFIPED underwent either PDT, IVB, or combination of PDT&IVB. Vision, subretinal or intraretinal fluid, and choroidal biomarkers such as choroidal thickness, area, choroidal vascular index (CVI), and PED area were measured at baseline and last follow-up. Fifteen eyes with aFIPED were followed for a mean of 14.7 ± 10.8 months. Their vision improved, (0.44 ± 0.37–0.33 ± 0.40 LogMAR, p = 0.009) with significant reduction of fluid, choroidal area, thickness, PED area and increase in CVI. Twenty eyes with vFIPED were followed for a mean of 16.5 ± 8.2 months. The same pattern of choroidal alterations without visual improvement was observed in eyes underwent PDT alone. Combination therapy resulted in improvement of vision (0.38 ± 0.10–0.23 ± 0.17 LogMAR, p = 0.006) with reduction of choroidal area and thickness, with an increase in CVI. IVB alone could not change vision or choroidal structure. Single session PDT may lead to sustained visual improvement and structural change in eyes with aFIPED. Combination of PDT and IVB may be a better choice in eyes with vFIPED.
Privacy-preserving for assembly deviation prediction in a machine learning model of hydraulic equipment under value chain collaboration
Authors: Qiu Hao , Feng Yixiong , Hong Zhaoxi , Li Kangjie , Tan Jianrong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHydraulic equipment, as a typical mechanical product, has been wildly used in various fields. Accurate acquisition and secure transmission of assembly deviation data are the most critical issues for hydraulic equipment manufacturer in the PLM-oriented value chain collaboration. Existing deviation prediction methods are mainly used for assembly quality control, which concentrate in the product design and assembly stage. However, the actual assembly deviations generated in the service stage can be used to guide the equipment maintenance and tolerance design. In this paper, a high-fidelity prediction and privacy-preserving method is proposed based on the observable assembly deviations. A hierarchical graph attention network (HGAT) is established to predict the assembly feature deviations. The hierarchical generalized representation and differential privacy reconstruction techniques are also introduced to generate the graph attention network model for assembly deviation privacy-preserving. A derivation gradient matrix is established to calculate the defined modified necessary index of assembly parts. Two privacy-preserving strategies are designed to protect the assembly privacy of node representation and adjacent relationship. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are demonstrated by a case study with a four-column hydraulic press.
Divergent encoding of active avoidance behavior in corticostriatal and corticolimbic projections
Authors: Kajs Bridget L. , Loewke Adrienne C. , Dorsch Jeffrey M. , Vinson Leah T. , Gunaydin Lisa A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractActive avoidance behavior, in which an animal performs an action to avoid a stressor, is crucial for survival and may provide insight into avoidance behaviors seen in anxiety disorders. Active avoidance requires the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), which is thought to regulate avoidance via downstream projections to the striatum and amygdala. However, the endogenous activity of dmPFC projections during active avoidance learning has never been recorded. Here we utilized fiber photometry to record from the dmPFC and its axonal projections to the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) and the basolateral amygdala (BLA) during active avoidance learning in both male and female mice. We examined neural activity during conditioned stimulus (CS) presentations and during clinically relevant behaviors such as active avoidance or cued freezing. Both prefrontal projections showed learning-related increases in activity during CS onset throughout active avoidance training. The dmPFC as a whole showed increased and decreased patterns of activity during avoidance and cued freezing, respectively. Finally, dmPFC-DMS and dmPFC-BLA projections show divergent encoding of active avoidance behavior, with the dmPFC-DMS projection showing increased activity and the dmPFC-BLA projection showing decreased activity during active avoidance. Our results demonstrate task-relevant encoding of active avoidance in projection-specific dmPFC subpopulations that play distinct but complementary roles in active avoidance learning.
Risk factors for visual field progression in newly diagnosed exfoliation glaucoma patients in Sweden
Authors: Ayala Marcelo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present study aimed to identify risk factors for visual field progression in newly diagnosed exfoliation glaucoma patients. Prospective nonrandomized cohort study. The study included patients with newly diagnosed exfoliation glaucoma. All patients were followed for at least 3 years with reliable visual fields. Both risk factors at inclusion and during the 3-year follow-up were considered. For inclusion, five reliable visual fields were needed. Exfoliation glaucoma was defined based on the European Glaucoma Society guidelines. Visual field evaluation was performed using the 24–2 strategy of Humphrey field analysis. Outcomes: Visual field progression. Three different approaches were used: mean deviation, visual field index, and guided progression analysis. Independent variables were tested first in a univariate linear or regression model. The significant variables were retested in a multivariate linear or logistic regression model. The results were different for the MD, VFI and GPA models. The only variable that showed a significant association in the three models was age (p = 0.004; p = 0.006; p = 0.04). Significant variables in the two models were IOP at diagnosis (p = 0.02; p = 0.04), IOP reduction in absolute terms (p = 0.006; p = 0.003), IOP reduction in relative terms (%) (p = 0.04; p = 0.009) and number of medicines (p = 0.02; p = 0.002). Significant variables in one model were family history (p = 0.04), smoking (p = 0.03), cataract surgery (p = 0.04) and SLT treatment (p ≤ 0.001). Exfoliation glaucoma is a fast progressive glaucoma. Age at diagnosis must be considered. Significant IOP reduction must be achieved to slow down progress in exfoliation glaucoma. The use of SLT treatment should be advised in exfoliation glaucoma patients.
Collective skyrmion motion under the influence of an additional interfacial spin-transfer torque
Authors: MacKinnon Callum R. , Zeissler Katharina , Finizio Simone , Raabe Jörg , Marrows Christopher H. , Mercer Tim , Bissell Philip R. , Lepadatu Serban 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHere we study the effect of an additional interfacial spin-transfer torque, as well as the well-established spin–orbit torque and bulk spin-transfer torque, on skyrmion collections—group of skyrmions dense enough that they are not isolated from one another—in ultrathin heavy metal/ferromagnetic multilayers, by comparing modelling with experimental results. Using a skyrmion collection with a range of skyrmion diameters and landscape disorder, we study the dependence of the skyrmion Hall angle on diameter and velocity, as well as the velocity as a function of diameter. We show that inclusion of the interfacial spin-transfer torque results in reduced skyrmion Hall angles, with values close to experimental results. We also show that for skyrmion collections the velocity is approximately independent of diameter, in marked contrast to the motion of isolated skyrmions, as the group of skyrmions move together at an average group velocity. Moreover, the calculated skyrmion velocities are comparable to those obtained in experiments when the interfacial spin-transfer torque is included. Our results thus show the significance of the interfacial spin-transfer torque in ultrathin magnetic multilayers, which helps to explain the low skyrmion Hall angles and velocities observed in experiment. We conclude that the interfacial spin-transfer torque should be considered in numerical modelling for reproduction of experimental results.
Undrained stability of dual tunnels in layered soils with different strength
Authors: Zeng Yongge , Zeng Tianqin , Wu Gaoqiao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe stability of dual circle tunnels buried in layered soils with different shear strengths was investigated by using finite element limit analysis (FELA). The emphasis of this study is in quantitating that the existing tunnels affects the newly-built one, and design suggestions have been provided especially in the optimum location of construction. By imposing a FELA modelling, the variation trends of undrained bearing capacity with different influential factors, including the horizontal distance, vertical distance, the thickness of the top layer, the shear strength ratio of the layered soil, were further investigated. It is concluded that there exists an inclination-fixed worst-band, in which there would be a worst undrained stability once the bottom tunnel was constructed in the band. It is interested that the inclination seems constant by varying several factors but the horizontal distance would be changed with the soil properties. In addition, three patterns of collapse were summarized.
Association between dietary acid load and metabolic health status in overweight and obese adolescents
Authors: Rezazadegan Mahsa , Mirzaei Saeideh , Asadi Ali , Akhlaghi Masoumeh , Saneei Parvane 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe relationship between dietary acid load (DAL) and metabolic health status in adolescents has not been studied yet. We aimed to examine the association between DAL and metabolic health status in Iranian overweight/obese adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 203 overweight/obese adolescents selected by a multistage cluster random sampling method. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Anthropometric indices and blood pressure values were measured. Fasting blood samples were obtained to determine glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles. Based on two methods (International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria and combination of IDF with Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)), participants were classified into metabolically healthy obese (MHO) or unhealthy obese (MUO). Adolescents in the highest tertile of potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP), compared with those in the lowest tertile, had 172% (95% CI 1.32–5.59) and 161% (95% CI 1.26–5.41) higher odds of MUO status, based on IDF criteria. This association was significant after adjustment for age, sex, and energy intake (PRAL: OR 2.42; 95% CI CI 1.13–5.15; NEAP: OR 2.52; 95% CI 1.17–5.41); but it disappeared after adjustment for other confounders. Based on IDF/HOMA-IR definition, there was a significant positive association between PRAL and being MUO only in the crude model (OR 2.37; 95% CI 1.13–4.96). The stratified analysis revealed that these associations for NEAP scores were stronger among overweight subjects than obese individuals, based on both metabolic status definitions. However, after adjustment for all potential confounders these relations were insignificant. Having higher DAL might be associated with higher odds of MUO phenotype in Iranian overweight/obese adolescents. More prospective studies are warranted to confirm this finding.
Alterations in rumen microbiota via oral fiber administration during early life in dairy cows
Authors: Kodithuwakku Heshan , Maruyama Daiki , Owada Hisashi , Watabe Yuto , Miura Hiroto , Suzuki Yutaka , Hirano Kazuo , Kobayashi Yasuo , Koike Satoshi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBacterial colonization in the rumen of pre-weaned ruminants is important for their growth and post-weaning productivity. This study evaluated the effects of oral fiber administration during the pre-weaning period on the development of rumen microbiota from pre-weaning to the first lactation period. Twenty female calves were assigned to control and treatment groups (n = 10 each). Animals in both groups were reared using a standard feeding program throughout the experiment, except for oral fiber administration (50–100 g/day/animal) from 3 days of age until weaning for the treatment group. Rumen content was collected during the pre-weaning period, growing period, and after parturition. Amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that oral fiber administration facilitated the early establishment of mature rumen microbiota, including a relatively higher abundance ofPrevotella,Shuttleworthia,Mitsuokella, andSelenomonas. The difference in the rumen microbial composition between the dietary groups was observed even 21 days after parturition, with a significantly higher average milk yield in the first 30 days of lactation. Therefore, oral fiber administration to calves during the pre-weaning period altered rumen microbiota, and its effect might be long-lasting until the first parturition.
The contribution of Galactic TeV pulsar wind nebulae to Fermi large area telescope diffuse emission
Authors: Vecchiotti Vittoria , Pagliaroli Giulia , Villante Francesco Lorenzo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe large-scale diffuse γ − ray flux observed by Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) in the 1–100 GeV energy range, parameterized as ∝ E−Γ, has a spectral index Γ that depends on the distance from the Galactic center. This feature, if attributed to the diffuse emission produced by cosmic rays interactions with the interstellar gas, can be interpreted as the evidence of a progressive cosmic ray spectral hardening towards the Galactic center. This interpretation challenges the paradigm of uniform cosmic rays diffusion throughout the Galaxy. We report on the implications of TeV Pulsar Wind Nebulae observed by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) Galactic Plane Survey in the 1–100 TeV energy range for the interpretation of Fermi-LAT data. We argue that a relevant fraction of this population cannot be resolved by Fermi-LAT in the GeV domain providing a relevant contribution to the large-scale diffuse emission, ranging within ~4%–40% of the total diffuse γ-ray emission in the inner Galaxy. This additional component may account for a large part of the spectral index variation observed by Fermi-LAT, weakening the evidence of cosmic ray spectral hardening in the inner Galaxy.
Involving Caregivers of Autistic Toddlers in Early Intervention: Common Practice or Exception to the Norm?
Authors: Lee Jordan , Kaat Aaron J. , Roberts Megan Y. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
Family-centered practice (FCP) is a core component of early intervention (EI) associated with improved child and family outcomes, but little is known about community-based speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') inclusion of families in EI. Many caregivers of autistic children experience caregiving-related stress, making these intervention principles especially critical to the provision of optimal services. This study aimed to characterize EI SLPs' use of FCP coaching strategies and the quality of caregiver–SLP relationships.

Method:
Participants included 25 families with an autistic toddler and their EI SLP. One intervention session for each SLP–family dyad was recorded and coded for the SLP's use of FCP coaching strategies. Caregivers and SLPs completed surveys about their working alliance, caregiver perceptions of family-centered care, and SLPs' approach to FCP.

Results:
SLPs primarily use child-directed strategies without caregiver involvement. When involving caregivers, SLPs infrequently use coaching strategies that are important for caregiver learning and collaboration (e.g., joint planning and guided practice with feedback). However, caregivers perceived their child's services to be highly family-centered, and caregivers and SLPs rated their working alliance to be of high quality.

Conclusions:
The presence of strong caregiver–SLP working alliances alongside infrequent usage of effective coaching strategies indicates that SLPs may engage caregivers in ways that are perceived to be highly collaborative but are not optimal for caregiver involvement in all aspects of their child's services (goal setting and implementation of intervention). Consideration of family preferences and SLP beliefs about FCP will inform ways to disseminate FCPs needed to optimize families' capacities to support their child's development.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20113550
Comparison of Validated Videofluoroscopic Outcomes of Pharyngeal Residue: Concordance Between a Perceptual, Ordinal, and Bolus-Based Rating Scale and a Normalized Pixel-Based Quantitative Outcome
Authors: Donohue Cara , Robison Raele , DiBiase Lauren , Anderson Amber , Vasilopoulos Terrie , Plowman Emily K. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
This study compared the concordance between two validated videofluoroscopic pharyngeal residue outcome scales used in clinical and research settings: the Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity (DIGEST) and the Analysis of Swallowing Physiology: Events, Kinematics and Timing (ASPEKT) percent residue metric.

Method:

Two trained raters completed independent and blinded videofluoroscopic ratings of both DIGEST efficiency and ASPEKT percent pharyngeal residue outcomes for bolus trials of 5 cc Varibar thin liquid (
n
= 223), thin liquid comfortable cup sips (
n
= 223), and 5 cc Varibar thin honey (
n
= 223). Spearman's rho and Kruskal–Wallis analyses were performed for each bolus type.

Results:

Significant associations between DIGEST and ASPEKT pharyngeal residue outcomes were noted for 5 cc thin (
r
= .54,
p
< .001), cup sip thin (
r
= .41,
p
< .001), and 5 cc thin honey (
r
= .60,
p
< .001) bolus trials. ASPEKT percent residue increased across worsening DIGEST efficiency ordinal scale levels, with a main effect for each bolus type. Post hoc analysis revealed significant differences in the ASPEKT percent residue values between each DIGEST pairwise comparison for the thin cup sip bolus trial and for each pairwise comparison except between the moderate-to-severe (less than half vs. majority) ordinal levels for the 5 cc thin and 5 cc honey bolus trials,
p
< .05.

Conclusions:
Perceptual, ordinal (DIGEST) and quantitative, pixel-based (ASPEKT) videofluoroscopic pharyngeal residue outcomes were associated in this data set of 669 bolus trials. Future research is warranted to confirm these results.
AugMoCrack: Augmented morphological attention network for weakly supervised crack detection
Authors: Hong Younggi , Lee Sung‐Jin , Yoo Seok Bong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMost crack‐detection methods adopt a pixel‐level segmentation‐based approach, which requires considerable time and complexity to detect the pixel area of the crack. Unlike a pixel‐level segmentation‐based approach, in this paper, the authors proposed an AugMoCrack network, a bounding box‐level crack detection approach for weakly supervised crack detection achieved by augmenting the training data with Poisson blending, as well as high‐frequency discrete cosine transform‐based features. The proposed AugMoCrack detects the box position of the crack object from a morphological perspective, such as neighbour connectivity within the crack pixels and crack‐area fitting. Based on this perspective, the authors also proposed new morphological attention loss functions for considering the neighbour connectivity and the box area border. Specifically, the authors trained the AugMoCrack network using two datasets and verified its performance based on 591 validation images in the concrete crack dataset and 672 validation images in the Crack500 dataset. Compared with the baseline architecture, with the authors’ proposed network, the authors achieved increases of approximately 4.5% points and 2.5% points in the mean average precision (mAP) in the concrete crack and Crack500 datasets, respectively. The proposed network also outperforms previous state‐of‐the‐art crack‐detection methods in a weakly supervised learning environment where the training data are insufficient.
Current Concepts in Gender-Affirming Surgery Postgraduate Training
Authors: Khouri Alexander N. , Haley Caleb , MacEachern Mark , Morrison Shane D. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Recent advocacy efforts and expanded insurance coverage has increased health care utilization among transgender patients. Therefore, it is pivotal that surgical residents are properly trained to care for transgender patients in both clinical and surgical settings. Yet, no formal curriculum or training requirements exist for surgical residents. The aim of this systematic review is to understand the surgical trainee's postgraduate education and training with respect to transgender health and gender-affirming surgeries (GAS).
Methods A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA)-compliant literature search was performed on December 04, 2020 in PubMed, Elsevier Embase, and Wiley Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The retrieved hits were screened and reviewed by two independent reviewers.
Results Our literature search identified 186 unique publications, of which 14 surveys and one interventional study from various surgical specialties including plastic surgery, urology, otolaryngology, oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS), dermatology, and obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) were included in this study. The majority of residents and program directors in surgical specialties believe education related to transgender health is important, and the current exposure in surgical training does not sufficiently prepare surgical residents to care for this marginalized population.
Conclusion Current postgraduate surgical training in gender-affirming surgery is nonuniform across surgical specialty, geographical region, and individual program. Incorporating training modules and hands-on experiences into surgical trainee education will better prepare residents for the numerous clinical and surgical interactions with transgender patients. Further research is required to better understand how to best incorporate these experiences into existing surgical curriculums.
Political Budget Cycles in the Context of a Transition Economy: The Case of Albania
Authors: Lami Endrit 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere is growing research on the political budget cycles in transition economies whose institutions, economies and societies differ significantly from those of developed countries. New democracies are more vulnerable to political budget (fiscal) cycles. Most studies focus on policy instruments (e.g. fiscal policies) rather than on macroeconomic outcomes. In this paper, we analyse the political budget/fiscal cycle in Albania, a transition post-communist country. We analyse monthly data on the budget balance (deficit). The findings show a strong difference in deficits during pre- and post-election quarters, which do not appear when econometric analysis is replicated on annually collapsed data. This paper highlights the importance of distinguishing between types of elections according to their outcomes. Electoral competitiveness (heightened incumbents’ fear of elections loss), lower management efficiency, incumbent’s carelessness about the budget situation during the mandate of political rivals and higher corruption can all be associated with elections that yield rotation (change of the party/coalition in power), thus resulting in a higher budget deficit.