bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced anti-breast cancer efficacy of co-delivery liposomes of docetaxel and curcumin
Authors: Ye Xi , Chen Xin , He Ruixi , Meng Wangyang , Chen Weidong , Wang Fengling , Meng Xiangyun 
Published: October 2022

The successful treatment of breast cancer is hampered by toxicity to normal cells, impaired drug accumulation at the tumor site, and multidrug resistance. We designed a novel multifunctional liposome, CUR-DTX-L, to co-deliver curcumin (CUR) and the chemotherapeutic drug docetaxel (DTX) for the treatment of breast cancer in order to address multidrug resistance (MDR) and the low efficacy of chemotherapy. The mean particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency of CUR-DTX-L were 208.53 ± 6.82 nm, 0.055 ± 0.001, −23.1 ± 2.1 mV, and 98.32 ± 2.37%, respectively. An in vitro release study and CCK-8 assays showed that CUR-DTX-L has better sustained release effects and antitumor efficacy than free drugs, the antitumor efficacy was verified by MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice, the CUR-DTX-L showed better antitumor efficacy than other groups, and the in vivo pharmacokinetic study indicated that the plasma concentration–time curve, mean residence time, and biological half-life time of CUR-DTX-L were significantly increased compared with free drugs, suggesting that it is a promising drug delivery system for the synergistic treatment of breast cancer.
Enabling real-time adaptation of machine learning models at x-ray Free Electron Laser facilities with high-speed training optimized computational hardware
Authors: Milan Petro Junior , Rong Hongqian , Michaud Craig , Layad Naoufal , Liu Zhengchun , Coffee Ryan 
Published: October 2022

The emergence of novel computational hardware is enabling a new paradigm for rapid machine learning model training. For the Department of Energy’s major research facilities, this developing technology will enable a highly adaptive approach to experimental sciences. In this manuscript we present the per-epoch and end-to-end training times for an example of a streaming diagnostic that is planned for the upcoming high-repetition rate x-ray Free Electron Laser, the Linac Coherent Light Source-II. We explore the parameter space of batch size and data parallel training across multiple Graphics Processing Units and Reconfigurable Dataflow Units. We show the landscape of training times with a goal of full model retraining in under 15 min. Although a full from scratch retraining of a model may not be required in all cases, we nevertheless present an example of the application of emerging computational hardware for adapting machine learning models to changing environments in real-time, during streaming data acquisition, at the rates expected for the data fire hoses of accelerator-based user facilities.
Noninvasive optoacoustic imaging of breast tumor microvasculature in response to radiotherapy
Authors: Wu Dan , Xu Nan , Xie Yonghua , Shen Yang , Fu Yunlu , Liu Liang , Chi Zihui , Lu Runyu , Xiang Renjie , Wen Yanting , Yang Jun , Jiang Huabei 
Published: October 2022

Detailed insight into the radiation-induced changes in tumor microvasculature is crucial to maximize the efficacy of radiotherapy against breast cancer. Recent advances in imaging have enabled precise targeting of solid lesions. However, intratumoral heterogeneity makes treatment planning and monitoring more challenging. Conventional imaging cannot provide high-resolution observation and longitudinal monitoring of large-scale microvascular in response to radiotherapy directly in deep tissues. Herein, we report on an emerging non-invasive imaging assessment method of morphological and functional tumor microvasculature responses with high spatio-temporal resolution by means of optoacoustic imaging (OAI). In vivo imaging of 4T1 breast tumor response to a conventional fractionated radiotherapy at varying dose (14 × 2 Gy and 3 × 8 Gy) has been performed after 2 weeks following treatment. Remarkably, optoacoustic images can generate richful contrast for the tumor microvascular architecture. Besides, the functional status of tumor microvasculature and tumor oxygenation levels were further estimated using OAI. The results revealed the differential (size-dependent) nature of vascular responses to radiation treatments at varying doses. The vessels exhibited an decrease in their density accompanied by a decline in the number of vascular segments following irradiation, compared to the control group. The measurements further revealed an increase of tumor oxygenation levels for 14 × 2 Gy and 3 × 8 Gy irradiations. Our results suggest that OAI could be used to assess the response to radiotherapy based on changes in the functional and morphological status of tumor microvasculature, which are closely linked to the intratumor microenvironment. OAI assessment of the tumor microenvironment such as oxygenation status has the potential to be applied to precise radiotherapy strategy.
The origin and distribution of the main oxygen sensing mechanism across metazoans
Authors: Song Bing , Modjewski Luca David , Kapust Nils , Mizrahi Itzhak , Martin William F. 
Published: October 2022

Oxygen sensing mechanisms are essential for metazoans, their origin and evolution in the context of oxygen in Earth history are of interest. To trace the evolution of a main oxygen sensing mechanism among metazoans, the hypoxia induced factor, HIF, we investigated the phylogenetic distribution and phylogeny of 11 of its components across 566 eukaryote genomes. The HIF based oxygen sensing machinery in eukaryotes can be traced as far back as 800 million years (Ma) ago, likely to the last metazoan common ancestor (LMCA), and arose at a time when the atmospheric oxygen content corresponded roughly to the Pasteur point, or roughly 1% of present atmospheric level (PAL). By the time of the Cambrian explosion (541–485 Ma) as oxygen levels started to approach those of the modern atmosphere, the HIF system with its key components HIF1α, HIF1β, PHD1, PHD4, FIH and VHL was well established across metazoan lineages. HIF1α is more widely distributed and therefore may have evolved earlier than HIF2α and HIF3α, and HIF1β and is more widely distributed than HIF2β in invertebrates. PHD1, PHD4, FIH, and VHL appear in all 13 metazoan phyla. The O2 consuming enzymes of the pathway, PHDs and FIH, have a lower substrate affinity, Km, for O2 than terminal oxidases in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, in line with their function as an environmental signal to switch to anaerobic energy metabolic pathways. The ancient HIF system has been conserved and widespread during the period when metazoans evolved and diversified together with O2 during Earth history.
Development of the Japanese version of Staff Attitude to Coercion Scale
Authors: Fukasawa Maiko , Miyake Michi , Kikkawa Takahiro , Sueyasu Tamio 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundAn important factor in proceeding the efforts to reduce coercion in psychiatry is the attitudes of clinical staff toward its use. We aimed to develop the Japanese version of the Staff Attitude to Coercion Scale (SACS) and clarify its psychometric properties.MethodsAfter the translation and back-translation of the SACS, which includes 15 items consisting of three subscales, we conducted an anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey of clinical staffs working in 17 wards in two psychiatric hospitals. We administered the second survey to some of the participants to confirm the test-retest reliability. Additionally, we obtained information regarding the 17 wards from the institutions. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients. Test-retest reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Structural validity was examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). For construct validity, the correlation of the SACS score within wards and its association with the actual use of seclusion/restraints were explored using multilevel multivariate linear regression analyses.ResultsWe used 261 (67.1%) responses, 35 responses of which were also used to examine test-retest reliability. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients (0.761) and ICC (0.738) indicated good reliability. The results of CFA based on the original three-dimensional structure did not indicate a good fit (CFA = 0.830, RMSEA = 0.088). EFA suggested a four-factor structure, two of which were almost consistent with the original two subscales. The correlation of the SACS score within wards was confirmed while a positive association with the actual use of seclusion/restraints was not identified.ConclusionWhile the original three-dimensional structure was not replicated, construct validity was partially confirmed. Reliability of the total scale was good. In Japan, although using the subscales was not recommended, using the total scale of SACS seemed acceptable.
Correlation between PTSD and sleep quality in community-dwelling elderly adults in Hunan province of China
Authors: Cao Jiri , Zhou Yang , Su Man-Man , Chen Wen-Hui 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundTo understand the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the current status of sleep quality among community-dwelling elderly adults in Hunan Province of China, to explore the correlation between the two, and to analyze the trend of sleep disorders in PTSD elderly adults.MethodsA simple random sample containing 1,173 community-dwelling elderly adults in Hunan Province was established between March and May 2022, and an on-site face-to-face survey was administered using the PTSD Checklist–Civilian Version (PCL-C) with good reliability and validity, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale, and a self-designed general condition questionnaire.ResultsThe incidence of PTSD in the 1,173 participants was 14.3% (168/1,173). The total incidence of sleep disorders was 40.9% (480/1,173); more specifically, the incidence of sleep disorders in participants with no PTSD symptom, in participants with mild-to-moderate PTSD symptoms, and in participants with severe PTSD symptoms was 36.3, 69.8, and 66.7%, respectively. The Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed that the total PTSD score and the scores of each dimension (i.e., re-experiencing symptom cluster, avoidance symptom cluster and hypervigilance symptom cluster) were positively correlated with the total PSQI score and its dimension scores (i.e., sleep quality, time to fall asleep, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, hypnotic medication, and daytime function) (P &lt; 0.05). The correlation coefficients ranged from 0.013 to 0.495. For all PSQI dimensions, the differences across participants with different degrees of PTSD were statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsThe overall status of PTSD and sleep quality in community-dwelling elderly adults in Hunan Province was not optimistic. The elderly with PTSD were more prone to sleep disorders, and the more severe the symptoms of PTSD, the poorer the sleep quality was. However, differences were observed in the scores of each dimension of sleep across participants with different degrees of PTSD. Regardless of the degree of PTSD symptoms, the sleep quality of the elderly is severely affected, and the occurrence rate is not unlimited.
The conjunctival microbiome before and after azithromycin mass drug administration for trachoma control in a cohort of Tanzanian children
Authors: Pickering Harry , Ramadhani Athumani M. , Massae Patrick , Mafuru Elias , Malisa Aiweda , Mbuya Kelvin , Makupa William , Mtuy Tara , Derrick Tamsyn , Houghton Joanna , Bailey Robin L. , Mabey David C. W. , Burton Matthew J. , Holland Martin J. 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundTrachoma, caused by ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, is a neglected tropical disease that can lead to blinding pathology. Current trachoma control programmes have successfully used mass drug administration (MDA) with azithromycin to clear C. trachomatis infection and reduce transmission, alongside promoting facial cleanliness for better personal hygiene and environmental improvement. In areas of low-trachoma endemicity, the relationship between C. trachomatis infection and trachomatous disease weakens, and non-chlamydial bacteria have been associated with disease signs.MethodsWe enrolled a cohort of children aged 6–10 years from three adjacent trachoma endemic villages in Kilimanjaro and Arusha regions, Northern Tanzania. Children were divided into four clinical groups based on the presence or absence of ocular C. trachomatis infection and clinical signs of trachomatous papillary inflammation (TP). To determine the impact of treatment on the ocular microbiome in these clinical groups, we performed V4-16S rRNA sequencing of conjunctival DNA from children 3–9 months pre-MDA (n = 269) and 3 months post-MDA (n = 79).ResultsChlamydia trachomatis PCR-negative, no TP children had the highest pre-MDA ocular microbiome alpha diversity, which was reduced in C. trachomatis infected children and further decreased in those with TP. Pre-MDA, Haemophilus and Staphylococcus were associated with C. trachomatis infection with and without concurrent TP, while Helicobacter was increased in those with TP in the absence of current C. trachomatis infection. Post-MDA, none of the studied children had ocular C. trachomatis infection or TP. MDA increased ocular microbiome diversity in all clinical groups, the change was of greater magnitude in children with pre-MDA TP. MDA effectively reduced the prevalence of disease causing pathogenic non-chlamydial bacteria, and promoted restoration of a normal, healthy conjunctival microbiome.ConclusionWe identified Helicobacter as a non-chlamydial bacterium associated with the clinical signs of TP. Further investigation to determine its relevance in other low-endemicity communities is required. MDA was shown to be effective at clearing C. trachomatis infection and other non-chlamydial ocular pathogens, without any detrimental longitudinal effects on the ocular microbiome. These findings suggest that azithromycin MDA may be valuable in trachoma control even in populations where the relationship between clinical signs of trachoma and the prevalence of current ocular C. trachomatis infection has become dissociated.
Predicting death quality from life prior to death among older Chinese in a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Li Jing , Song Liangjun , Peng Xizhe , Hu Zhan 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundThe pursuit of a good death is crucial in aging societies. This retrospective cohort study investigated the relation between life prior to death and quality of death among older Chinese.MethodsEnd-of-life data reported by relatives of participants (aged 54 and over) from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) who deceased between January 2011 and June 2019 were utilized. Life prior to death included health condition (morbid or not) and physical functioning (a latent factor with six indicators). Quality of death was assessed by painlessness and consciousness at death. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was employed to examine the factor structure of physical functioning and Structural Equation Modeling to explore associations between life prior to death and death quality based on sex and residence location.ResultsFreedom from chronic diseases was found to contribute to high-quality deaths (i.e., being painless and conscious) both directly and indirectly by enhancing physical functioning. Men and women diverged toward end-of-life: women were moderately less liable to illnesses and thus less painful at death. Yet, men functioned much better, and more often remained conscious when dying. Location's effect was weaker: although rural residents were more prone to painful deaths than urban dwellers, this urban-rural divide was slightly narrowed by rural settlers' relative health, which also indirectly led to their slight advantage in consciousness at death.ConclusionsThe results suggested that different dimensions of life prior to death predicted quality of death. Additionally, morbidity's effect on functioning and death quality stresses health management's role in improving end-of-life experiences.
The Generalized Uncertainty Principle and higher dimensions: Linking black holes and elementary particles
Authors: Carr B. J. 
Published: October 2022

Black holes play an important role in linking microphysics with macrophysics, with those of the Planck mass (MP ∼ 10−5 g) featuring in any theory of quantum gravity. In particular, the Compton-Schwarzschild correspondence posits a smooth transition between the Compton wavelength (RC ∝ 1/M) below the Planck mass and the Schwarzschild radius (RS ∝ M) above it. The duality between RC and RS implies a form of the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) and suggests that elementary particles may be sub-Planckian black holes. The simplest possibility is that the ADM mass has the form M+βMP2/M for some constant β and this model can be extended to charged and rotating black holes, clearly relevant to elementary particles. Another possibility is that sub-Planckian black holes may arise in loop quantum gravity and this explicitly links black holes and elementary particles. Higher dimensions may modify both proposals. If there are n extra dimensions, all with the same compactification scale, one expects RS ∝ M1/(1+n) below this scale but RC depends on the form of the higher-dimensional wave-function. If it is spherically symmetric, then RC ∝ M−1, so duality is broken and the Planck mass is reduced, allowing the possibility of TeV quantum gravity. If the wave-function is pancaked in the extra dimensions, RC ∝ M−1/(1+n) and so duality is preserved but the Planck mass is unchanged.
Laparoscopic vs. open anatomical hepatectomy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Jianlei , Ma Delin , Du Gang , An Baokun , Xia Tong , Zhou Tao , Sun Qingmei , Liu Fengyue , Wang Yadong , Sui Deling , Zhai Xiangyu , Jin Bin 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a highly malignant and invasive cancer originating from biliary epithelial cells. The current study was designed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and clinical outcomes of laparoscopic anatomical hepatectomy in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.MethodsAfter screening, 95 patients who underwent anatomical hepatectomy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma at our center were enrolled and divided into two groups according to the surgical approach; the baseline characteristics, pathological findings, surgical outcomes, and long-term outcomes were compared. Moreover, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).ResultsThere were no significant differences in baseline characteristics or pathological findings between the two groups. Regarding short-term outcomes, the intraoperative blood loss, incision length, and length of postoperative hospital stay were more favorable in the laparoscopic anatomical hepatectomy group than the open anatomical hepatectomy group (P &lt; 0.05). The two groups differed significantly in the extent of liver resection, with a lower lymph node dissection rate and lymph node yield in the laparoscopic anatomical hepatectomy group (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the postoperative complication rate was similar in the two groups (P &gt; 0.05). The median postoperative follow-up times were 10.7 and 13.8 months in the laparoscopic anatomical hepatectomy and open anatomical hepatectomy groups, respectively. Regarding the long-term follow-up results, OS and DFS were similar in the two groups (P &gt; 0.05). On multivariate analysis, the independent prognostic factors for OS were CA-199, CEA, HGB, tumor diameter, and T stage, and those for DFS were CA-199 (P &lt; 0.05), and T stage (P &lt; 0.05).Conclusionlaparoscopic anatomical hepatectomy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is safe and feasible when performed by experienced surgeons. Compared with open anatomical hepatectomy, laparoscopic anatomical hepatectomy provides better short-term outcomes and a comparable long-term prognosis.
Case report: Misdiagnosis of accessory spleen in the left adrenal region as an adrenal tumour after splenectomy
Authors: Zou Yuhua , Xie Xiaojuan , Yan Sheng , Wu Gengqing , Liu Quanliang 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundAdrenal tumours are common in urology and endocrinology, and the diagnosis of adrenal tumours were mainly depends on imaging diagnosis. Howerver, misdiagnosis can still occur for some adrenal space-occupying lesions without specific manifestations or abnormal biochemical indexes.MethodsWe report the case of a 55-year-old patient with a soft-tissue mass in the left adrenal region, and have no specific manifestations or abnormalities in biochemical indexes. The patient had undergone open splenectomy 20 years ago for splenic rupture caused by traffic-accident trauma, and had a 10-year special history of hypertension. Because of the uncertain nature of the mass, surgical treatment was recommended.ResultsThe surgeon managed to remove the left adrenal region mass. During the surgery, the adrenal source was excluded. In the histological examination, the splenic corpuscle and splenic medullary structure were seen under the microscope, and an accessory spleen was diagnosed.ConclusionsThe accessory spleen was located in the adrenal region rarely, and can easily be misdiagnosed as an adrenal tumour. When the cases show abnormal adrenal space-occupying lesions in imaging examinations, non-adrenal diseases should be considered. we need to combine different imaging techniques for analysis, and think more about it, avoid misdiagnosis leading to unnecessary surgery.
Workplace Bullying and Violence on Burnout Among Bangladeshi Registered Nurses: A Survey Following a Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chowdhury Saifur Rahman , Kabir Humayun , Chowdhury Mahmudur Rahman , Hossain Ahmed 
Published: October 2022

Objectives: To investigate burnout among Bangladeshi nurses and the factors that influence it, particularly the association of workplace bullying (WPB) and workplace violence (WPV) with burnout.Methods: This cross-sectional study collected data from 1,264 Bangladeshi nurses. Mixed-effects Poisson regression models were fitted to find the adjusted association between WPB, WPV, and burnout.Results: Burnout was found to be prevalent in 54.19% of 1,264 nurses. 61.79% of nurses reported that they had been bullied, and 16.3% of nurses reported experience of “intermediate and high” levels of workplace violence in the previous year. Nurses who were exposed to “high risk bullying” (RR = 2.29, CI: 1.53–3.41) and “targeted bullying” (RR = 4.86, CI: 3.32–7.11) had a higher risk of burnout than those who were not. Similarly, WPV exposed groups at “intermediate and high” levels had a higher risk of burnout (RR = 3.65, CI: 2.40–5.56) than WPV non-exposed groups.Conclusion: Nurses’ burnout could be decreased if issues like violence and bullying were addressed in the workplace. Hospital administrators, policymakers, and the government must all promote and implement an acceptable working environment.