bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethylene Renders Silver Nanoparticles Stress Tolerance in Rice Seedlings by Regulating Endogenous Nitric Oxide Accumulation
Authors: Tripathi Durgesh Kumar , Kandhol Nidhi , Rai Padmaja , Mishra Vipul , Pandey Sangeeta , Deshmukh Rupesh , Sahi Shivendra , Sharma Shivesh , Singh Vijay Pratap 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Developments in the field of nanotechnology over the past few years have increased the prevalence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the environment, resulting in increased exposure of plants to AgNPs. Recently, various studies have reported the effect of AgNPs on plant growth at different concentrations. However, identifying the mechanisms and signaling molecules involved in plant responses against AgNPs stress is crucial to find an effective way to deal with the phytotoxic impacts of AgNPs on plant growth and development. Therefore, this study was envisaged to investigate the participation of ethylene in mediating the activation of AgNPs stress tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) through a switch that regulates endogenous nitric oxide (NO) accumulation. Treatment of AgNPs alone hampered the growth of rice seedlings due to severe oxidative stress as a result of decline in sulfur assimilation, glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and alteration in the redox status of GSH. These results are also accompanied by the higher endogenous NO level. However, addition of ethephon (a donor of ethylene) reversed the AgNP-induced effects. Though the application of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) alone promoted the growth of rice seedlings but, interestingly their application in combination with AgNPs enhanced the AgNP-induced toxicity in the seedlings through the same routes as exhibited in the case of AgNPs alone treatment. Interestingly, addition of ethephon reversed the negative effects of SiNPs under AgNPs stress. These results suggest that ethylene might act as a switch to regulate the level of endogenous NO, which in turn could be associated with AgNPs stress tolerance in rice. Furthermore, the results also indicated that addition of l-NG-nitro arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) (an inhibitor of endogenous NO synthesis) also reversed the toxic effects of SiNPs together with AgNPs, further suggesting that the low level of endogenous NO was associated with AgNPs stress tolerance. Overall, the results indicate that the low level of endogenous NO triggers AgNPs stress tolerance, while high level leads to AgNPs toxicity by regulating sulfur assimilation, GSH biosynthesis, redox status of GSH and oxidative stress markers. The results revealed that ethylene might act as a switch for regulating AgNPs stress in rice seedlings by controlling endogenous NO accumulation.
Does Globalization Reduce Personal Violence? The Impact of International Trade on Cross-National Homicide Rates
Authors: LaFree Gary , Jiang Bo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhile interest in globalization has continued to increase, few researchers have linked it to crime rates. However, if globalization has the characteristics suggested by either its supporters or detractors, it likely has a significant effect on cross-national violent crime rates. Supporters of the doux commerce (gentle commerce) thesis argue that increasing international trade decreases all types of violence, including homicide, by providing individuals with a rational interest in engaging peacefully with others, offering opportunities for cross border commerce and travel, and encouraging greater understanding of diverse cultures. By contrast, detractors argue that as globalization increases, inequality and poverty separate the economic well-being of highly industrialized core nations from that of developing peripheral nations and as this gap intensifies, it leads to crime increases. We also consider the possibility that the effects of trade globalization are either too small or too macro-level to significantly affect violent crime rates. Based on these competing arguments we examine whether homicide rates are significantly lower for countries with high levels of globalization, compared to countries with low globalization levels. We assemble a homicide database of 2145 observations over five decades, control for a wide range of alternative explanations, and test for an interaction between globalization and GDP. Consistent with the doux-commerce argument, we find that rising globalization has resulted in lower cross-national homicide rates during the past half century and that these declines are greatest for low GDP-high inequality countries. We consider the implications for theory, future research and policy.
O004 Circadian and behavioural impacts on salivary cortisol during simulated nightshifts
Authors: Grosser L , Yates C , Dorrian J , Centofanti S , Heilbronn L , Wittert G , Kennaway D , Coates A , Gupta C , Stepien J , Matthews R , Catcheside P , Banks S 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Cortisol regulates multiple body systems and displays a distinct circadian rhythm. Nightshift disrupts this rhythm likely disturbing physiological processes regulated by cortisol. The cumulative effect of consecutive nightshifts, and eating during nightshift, on cortisol is unclear. This study aimed to determine the impact of four-consecutive simulated nightshifts with varied eating conditions at night on salivary cortisol.

Methods
N=52 healthy non-shift-working individuals (29-male, 23-female, 24.5±4.8-years; BMI 24.22±2.48 kg/m2) completed four-in-lab consecutive nightshifts (N1-4 2000h-0530h). Participants were randomly assigned to meal-at-night (n=17), snack-at-night (n=16), or no-food-at-night (n=19) conditions. Saliva was collected across 15-time-points between 2000h-0530h per-nightshift. Mixed-effects ANOVAs tested for fixed-effects of night, time, condition, and their interactions on cortisol, and cortisol area under the curve, ground, and increase (AUCg, AUCi), post-meal-snack and the diurnal-cortisol rise (0300h-0530h).

Results
Nightshifts produced significant effects of time and night*time (p&lt;0.001), whereby cortisol levels at 2000h increased and levels at 0530h decreased on each consecutive nightshift. Post-food-intake revealed significant effects of condition and night respectively (AUCg; p&lt;0.001; AUCi; p&lt;0.001) with higher levels in meal and snack conditions vs. the no-meal-condition. There were significant effects of night*time*condition (p=.029) on the diurnal-cortisol rise with greater decreases in the meal and no-meal-conditions with each consecutive nightshift

Discussion
These results support that nightshift and eating during the nightshift significantly alter daily cortisol rhythms. Such changes may exacerbate shift-work-related alterations to physiological systems influenced by cortisol. Further research is needed to better understand the relationships between altered sleep/wake cycles, meal-timing, and cortisol rhythm changes on cortisol-regulated health outcomes in shift-workers.
O010 Evaluating the Impact of COVID-19 Infection, Symptom Duration and Population Lockdown Measures on Sleep Quality and Mental Health
Authors: Proctor S , Cheetham N , Toson B , Bowyer V , Banga A , Brito A , Leschziner G , Joseph D , Duncan E , Mukherjee S 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
The effect of COVID-19 (both acute and post-acute infection) and of lockdown on sleep quality and mental health are largely unknown.

Methods
Between 9/2020 and 5/2021, the COVID Symptom Study Biobank recruited UK individuals with confirmed infection (symptom duration: asymptomatic, short [&lt;2 weeks] or long [&gt;4 weeks]); healthy uninfected controls, and uninfected individuals with short or long symptoms. Participants completed online sleep and mental health questionnaires at 9/2020 and 3/2021 (i.e., the equinoxes). Data were compared using one-way ANOVA, Chi-square and T-tests.

Progress to date
3053 participants completed questionnaires. Infected individuals with long symptom duration were younger (p&lt;0.008) and more likely had prior mental illness (p&lt;0.001). Long symptom duration was associated with poorer sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI], p&lt;0.001, Sleep Condition Indicator [SCI], p&lt;0.001) and increased sleepiness and fatigue (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS], p&lt;0.010, Chalder Fatigue Scale [CFS], p&lt;0.001). In uninfected individuals, long symptom duration was also associated with prior mental illness (p&lt;0.001), worse sleep quality (PSQI [p&lt;0.001], SCI [p&lt;0.001]), and increased sleepiness/fatigue (ESS p=0.010, CFS p&lt;0.001). Independent of symptom duration, infected individuals were sleepier and more fatigued than uninfected individuals (mean±SD ESS 6.6±4.5 vs 6.1±4.1 [p&lt;0.001], CFS 16±6.0 vs 14±4.9 [p&lt;0.001]).

Intended outcome and impact
Individuals with longer symptom duration (irrespective of infection) were more likely to have prior mental illness, with multiple markers of poor sleep and fatigue. Further analysis will determine the progression of sleep and mental health scores over time. Addressing these issues may help symptom management in individuals with long symptom duration.
O023 Predicting Dim Light Melatonin Onset in elite athletes without actigraphy
Authors: Hoffman D , Mascaro L , Stone J , Facer-Childs E 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Elite athletes are exposed to irregular schedules, jetlag and intensive physical activity that is sometimes completed late at night, all of which can misalign circadian rhythms and therefore negatively affect recovery and performance. The aim of this study was to predict circadian phase in athletes without actigraphy.

Methods
A regularised random forest model comprising of 17 questionnaire and sleep diary measures was used to predict dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) times from 128 DLMO times collected from 98 (age = 24.3 ± 3.7 years) Australian Football League and National Rugby League male (n = 72, age = 24.6 ± 3.4 years) and female (n = 26, age = 23.3 ± 4.3 years) athletes.

Results
DLMO time was predicted with an out-of-sample root mean square error of 52 minutes, capturing 75% with ± 1 hour of actual DLMO time. Actual DLMO time (20.65 ± 1.00) was significantly correlated with predicted DLMO time (20.69 ± 0.29; r2 = 0.36, p &lt; 0.001).

Discussion
DLMO time can be predicted without actigraphy in elite athletes. This approach enables the possibility of immediate circadian phase and sleep insights, and the development of interventions necessary for the fast-paced environment of elite sport where optimising athlete recovery and performance is critical.
O026 Effect of oral appliance therapy on OSA endotypes
Authors: Osman A , Naik G , Tong B , Chiang A , Pinczel A , Rawson G , Donegan M , Pitcher G , Kwan B , Mukherjee S , Teare A , Eckert D 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Long term CPAP therapy alters OSA endotypes (e.g., reduces loop gain and the arousal threshold). However, while oral appliance therapy (OAT) is known to improve upper airway collapsibility, its effects on non-anatomical OSA endotypes are unclear.

Methods
To investigate the effects of OAT on polysomnographic estimates of OSA endotypes we studied 102 people with OSA (AHI=34±20 events/h) pre vs. post-treatment (following 4-6 weeks OAT acclimatization). AHI and endotypic traits were compared between the diagnostic and OAT study visits.

Results
OAT reduced the AHI by ~50% (30 [25-39] vs. 15 [12-19], median, 95% confidence interval, p&lt;0.01). Passive pharyngeal collapsibility (94 [92-95] vs. 96 [95-97]% eupnea), active pharyngeal collapsibility (98 [95-100] vs. 102 [101-103]% eupnea) and pharyngeal muscle compensation (3.6 [1.2-5.1] vs 4.9 [3.7-6.5]% eupnea) improved with OAT (all p&lt;0.01). The respiratory arousal threshold (116 [114-122] vs. 109 [106-111]% eupnea, p&lt;0.01) and ventilatory response to arousal (31 [28-35] vs. 23 [20-32]% eupnea, p=0.03) decreased. Loop gain did not systematically change overall (0.43 [0.39-0.47] vs. 0.40 [0.38-0.42], p=0.16). However, loop gain reduced in OAT responders (&gt;50% reduction in AHI) (0.42 [0.39-0.45] vs. 0.38 [0.34-0.4] dimensionless, p&lt;0.01).

Conclusions
Oral appliance therapy improves upper airway collapsibility and pharyngeal muscle compensation and reduces the ventilatory response to arousal and loop gain in responders. Like CPAP, OAT also decreases the arousal threshold. These findings provide new insight into the mechanisms of improvement in OSA with oral appliance therapy.
O027 A randomised dose finding study of combination dronabinol and acetazolamide for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea: A proof of concept study
Authors: Walsh J , Rankin T , Mehra S , Naughton M , Roebuck T , McDermott E , Pattichis A , Smith R , Germaine J , Walsh R , Bleackley M , Maddison K , O'Brien T 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Current treatments for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are not tolerated or effective in a proportion of patients. Other therapeutic options are needed; pharmaceuticals may provide an alternative. This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study examined the effect of combination acetazolamide and dronabinol (IHL-42X) at low, medium and high doses on OSA severity.

Methods
Participants with OSA (apnoea-hypopnoea index; AHI≥15events/hr) received 1-week of IHL-42X at each of 3 doses and 1-week of placebo, each separated by 1-week washout. The change from baseline in AHI, oxygen desaturation index (ODI), Epworth sleepiness score (ESS), and mood (profile of mood states) on the final night of each treatment arm relative to placebo were the major endpoints. Adverse events (AEs) were monitored throughout.

Results
Ten of 11 participants completed the final night of at least one treatment arm. All doses of IHL-42X demonstrated a greater reduction in AHI from baseline when compared with placebo (low, -19.7±27.1; medium, -17.5±23.3; high, -16.4±23.8 versus placebo, -2.8±21.0events/hr; all p&lt;0.05). The change from baseline in ODI3% was also greater for the low and medium doses of IHL-42X when compared with placebo (low, -15.2±24.8; medium, -15.4±19.0 versus placebo, -2.8±21.0events/hr; both p&lt;0.05) but not the high dose (-8.3±13.2events/hr). IHL-42X did not significantly change ESS or mood. No serious AEs occurred however 35 mild-moderate possibly, probably or treatment related AEs occurred during IHL-42X dosing and 7 occurred during placebo.

Discussion
One week of nightly IHL-42X at low, medium and high doses was well tolerated, safe and associated with significant reductions in OSA severity.
O032 Virtual Ventilation: an evaluation of non-invasive ventilation polysomnography and utility of ventilator recorded data
Authors: Ridgers A , Reuhland W , Hannan L , Berlowitz D , Howard M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is a treatment for respiratory failure for a wide range of medical conditions. Following technological evolution of ventilator software, ventilator data is available for review remotely. There has been little scientific evaluation of whether this remotely recorded and stored data should be used to optimise ventilator settings. The aim of this study was to compare the agreement of recommended ventilator settings based on three methods: laboratory NIV polysomnography (PSG), ventilator data only and ventilator data with augmented signals.

Methods
Fifty NIV PSG studies were retrospectively selected. Each study was duplicated using three different signal types: laboratory NIV PSG (A), ventilator only signals (B) and ventilator signals with respiratory bands, transcutaneous carbon dioxide and oximetry (C). Two respiratory and sleep physicians were provided deidentified clinical vignettes, asked to review 150 ventilation studies, and prescribe their recommended end-of-night ventilator settings.

Results
Comparative analysis of pressure support using Bland and Altman plots between study type A and B demonstrated mean difference (MD) 0.66 (limits of agreement (LOA) -1.92 to 3.25)cmH2O, study type A and C MD 0.08 (LOA -2.72 to 2.88)cmH2O, study type B and C MD 0.58 (LOA -3.12 to 1.96)cmH2O.

Conclusion
Comparison of full-signal NIV PSG with ventilator only and augmented ventilator signals did not result in a significant difference in mean pressure support prescribed by the physician. However, there were wide limits of agreement, suggesting that in some circumstances, a reliance upon ventilator only signals may result in significantly different pressure support prescription for the patient.
O038 Families’ Experiences of Having a Child/Sibling with Down Syndrome and Sleep Difficulties
Authors: Cooke E 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction
This qualitative study investigates the experiences of families of children with Down Syndrome (DS), with a focus on siblings’ experiences.

Methods
We conducted semi-structured interviews with 34 parents (fathers n=4 and mothers n=30), and ten siblings. Data analysis was informed by a sociological interpretivist approach and consisted of reflexive Thematic Analysis (TA) and Creative Analytical Practices. Interviews covered: what it was like to have a child/sibling with DS and sleep difficulties, and implications for their family members’ well-being, functioning, and sleep.

Results
Parents’ and siblings’ accounts had congruences and divergences; however, overall, there was consensus that siblings of children with DS encounter challenges that are often unnoticed.
Parents feel guilty for not paying ‘enough’ attention to these children, and children report being bored during their sibling with DS’s medical appointments. Siblings sometimes deliver care to their sibling with DS during the night and provide emotional support to their parents. Siblings experienced sleep disruption, which they reported affecting their functioning at school, which parents had varying degrees of awareness of. Siblings dislike encountering prejudiced attitudes toward their siblings with DS in the community or at school.

Discussion
This is the first qualitative study to investigate families’ experiences of having a child/sibling with DS and sleep difficulties. Implications include raising health care workers’ awareness of i) the emotional and caring labour that siblings of children with DS engage in, and ii) potential of parents to misreport these children’s experiences, indicating a need for direct consultation with such children.
O039 Access to sleep health services for Indigenous children in the Northern Territory of Australia
Authors: Gentin N , Howarth T , Heraganahally S 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Paediatric sleep disorders have significant impacts on physical and mental health, growth and development. Indigenous children may be further impacted due to high prevalence of other medical conditions, socioeconomic disparity and reduced access to healthcare. In 2016, a local paediatric sleep service in the Northern Territory (NT) was created.
We assessed demographics and referral patterns of Indigenous and non-Indigenous paediatric patients referred to this service.
Paediatric patients referred for a sleep study between 2016- 2020 were included. Demographics, referral source, time from consult to study and follow up were assessed and compared between Indigenous and non-Indigenous patients.
There were 923 children referred for sleep studies. Indigenous patients made up 20%. Indigenous patients were older (median 7 vs. 5 years) and more likely to live remotely (24% vs. 10%). Most Indigenous patients were referred from the public hospital system (62%) and by a paediatrician (56%); while most non-Indigenous patients were referred from the private system (56%) and by an otorhinolaryngologist (55%). Indigenous patients had a median 33 days between referral and initial consult compared with 21 days for non-Indigenous patients (p&lt;0.05). Reviews were scheduled for 81% of Indigenous and 77% of non-Indigenous patients, of which 6% and 2% respectively did not attend.
Indigenous patients showed different demographic and referral patterns to non-Indigenous patients. Despite improvements made to sleep service access for NT Indigenous children; there are still barriers to treatment. Reasons for this and ways to overcome these barriers are important for the health and wellbeing of Indigenous people.
O041 Pre-bedtime device use disrupts sleep in early adolescents: differential effects depending on device type and media content
Authors: Lu S , Phillips A , Hand A , Chachos E , Carskadon M , Lockley S , Wiley J , Bei B , Klerman E , Rajaratnam S , Stone J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Using light-emitting devices before bed is a modifiable behaviour that may affect adolescent sleep. We investigated the daily associations between device use before bed and sleep-wake timing, duration, and quality in early adolescence. Participants were 168 Year 7 students (M±SD=12.82±0.42 years, 56% females) in Australia. Sleep-wake timing, sleep quality, and device use in the hour before bed (device type and media content) were measured using daily diaries for two weeks during school term. Linear mixed models were used to examine the association between device use in the hour before bed and sleep outcomes. Nearly all (99%) participants used devices before bed on at least one night, with 58% using devices before bed every night during the two-week monitoring period. Using devices to access social media predicted later reported sleep onset, longer sleep onset latency, and shorter sleep duration (all p&lt;.05). Similarly, playing games, watching videos, or using a game console all predicted later sleep onset that night (all p&lt;.05), and watching television predicted more wake after sleep onset (p&lt;.01). In contrast, using devices for homework predicted earlier sleep onset (p&lt;.05), while reading on devices predicted better sleep quality (p&lt;.05). Our findings indicate that the type of device, and what they are used for before bed, may have different effects on sleep, potentially due to differences in light exposure levels and/or their impact on arousal systems. These findings may help inform existing guidelines for healthy pre-bedtime device use in adolescents.
O042 Sleep’s relationship with mood and loneliness among working women during New Zealand’s COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Helles M , Fletcher R , Münch M , Gibson R 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 lockdown enforced unique limitations on social and working life. Changes to sleep and mood have been reported with mixed results, possibly related to measuring such outcomes between populations and social contexts. This study examined mood's relationship to sleep among a group considered to experience increased stressors during lockdown – working women.

Method
Data from 498 women who were working prior to lockdown was drawn from an online survey launched during New Zealand’s 2020 lockdown. Participants mean age was 44.6 years (SD= 12.6), 63.5% had been working fulltime, mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score was 6.6 (SD 3.6) with 54.8% scoring &gt;5.
Confirmatory Factor Analyses were conducted on the PSQI as well as measures of mood (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and loneliness (Gierveld loneliness scale). Structural Equation Modelling assessed the relationship between anxiety, depression, and loneliness with sleep status (using a higher order model for PSQI).

Findings
Significant (p&lt;0.001) positive relationships were identified between all predictors with global PSQI: Anxiety (b = .33), Depression (b = .28), Social Loneliness (b = .17) and Emotional Loneliness (b = .11). Psychometric analyses concerning the measures and their underlying constructs will also be presented.

Conclusions
These findings provide deeper insight into measuring and understanding sleep and wellbeing during lockdown. Increased sleep disturbance was significantly associated with indicators of poorer mood and loneliness, highlighting some of the impacts that situations such as lockdown has among female workers.