bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the influence of redispersed polymers on cement matrix properties
Authors: Kovalenko Yurii , Tokarchuk Volodymyr , Kovalenko Svitlana , Vasylkevych Oleksandr 
Published: September 2022

The physical-mechanical influence and chemical effect of calcium formate, vinyl acetate/versatate, and vinyl-acrylate copolymer on the processes of solidification, hardening, and structure formation of the cement matrix were studied during the research reported here. The compositions of mixtures containing additives in the amount of 1, 3, and 5 wt % were investigated. Noteworthy is the water-holding nature of vinyl acetate/versatate and vinyl-acrylate copolymer. With the introduction of appropriate additives, an increase in working time of the mixtures is noted, which was manifested in prolonging the end time of solidification duration. Calcium formate reduced the end time of solidification duration with an increase in the content of the additive. During 28 days of hardening, a decrease in strength gain was observed with an increase in the content of the additive compared to control samples. At 1 wt % of the additive, the decline in strength on day 28 was 8.7 % for calcium formate, 13 % for versatate, and 15.5 % for vinyl-acrylate copolymer. For versatate and vinyl acrylate with the addition of 3 and 5 wt % in the mixture, the loss of strength is 23–25 % and 27–56.7 %, respectively. 5 wt % calcium formate admixture, compared to 3 wt %, on day 7 and day 28 of hardening has a higher strength index. This nature of the effect of additives is explained by the formation of polymer structures throughout the volume of the mixture with the introduction of versatate and copolymer vinyl acrylate, as well as their chemical interaction with the components of the cement binder during hydration in the formed alkaline medium. Calcium formate plays the role of both a filler and a hardening accelerator due to the introduction of an additional amount of calcium ions.
The reported results can be used as a basis for continuing to study the effect of redispersed additives on the durability of cement articles, the development of new formulations for building mixtures, and their potential use in the production of concrete.
Determining foaming regularities enabled by a five-nozzle foam generator for drilling technologies under conditions of abnormally low pressures
Authors: Kaliuzhnyi Anatolii , Molchanov Petro , Savyk Vasyl , Knysh Maksym , Yaremiychuk Roman 
Published: September 2022

When studying the construction of oil and gas wells, it was found that the volume of drilling wells with abnormally low reservoir pressures increases over the years. This is due to significant difficulties such as a large absorption of drilling mud, possible clogging of a productive reservoir with drilling mud, and a failure to obtain the expected effect. These complications can be prevented by using gas-liquid mixtures as drilling mud, which have a number of advantages compared to washing liquids and make it possible to eliminate the above-mentioned negative phenomena. When opening productive horizons at low anomaly coefficients, foams must be used to flush wells. It has been established that at present in the practice of drilling oil and gas wells with foam there is no equipment that makes it possible to form foam with certain specified structure and dispersion. The use of a modernized foam generator for the preparation of foam has been proposed. To study the foaming process, computer modeling was carried out, with the help of which the processes that take place during the movement of flows of liquid, gas, and gas-liquid mixture along the foam generator were investigated, namely the distribution of pressure and speed in the longitudinal cross-section of the foam generator under changing boundary conditions, that is, at a pressure in the supply pipe of 10 and 7.5 MPa.
Computer studies have confirmed the possibility of using an improved foam generator design to increase the efficiency of foaming. The results could be the basis for the development of foam generators and their experimental and industrial research and testing.
Investigation of flexural and shear failure modes of tapered castellated steel beams using expansion plates
Authors: Al-Kannoon Muslim Abdul-Ameer , AL-Thabhawee Hayder Wafi 
Published: September 2022

Using modern technologies for fabricating steel, I-beams can be easily made by welding, and hot-rolled beams can often be produced at an economical price with slender webs and equal flanges. Experimental and theoretical studies of the behavior of tapered castellated steel beams were carried out. Due to the cost reductions associated with tapered castellated steel beams, they are a feasible alternative to prismatic components. This study assessed the influence of tapered castellation on the bending capacity and flexural stiffness of tapered castellated steel beams (TCBs) with simply supported end conditions experimentally and theoretically. Four three-point bending tests on TCBs with H/h values of 1, 1.2, 1.4 and 1.6 were conducted utilizing a standard parent I-section beam (IPE140) as the control specimen. The test findings include the ultimate load vs. mid-span deflection response curves and failure mechanisms. The testing findings indicated that the TCBs' ultimate load capacity might be up to 140 percent of that of the parent section. The Abaqus program was used to conduct a finite element (FE) analysis of TCB, which allows for material and geometric nonlinearity. The derived finite element models exhibit excellent agreement with the experimental results in terms of ultimate load capacity vs. mid-span deflection response and failure mechanisms. Based on the results of the work, TCBs can be used for increasing the strength and stiffness of the I-section parent beam with adding expansion plates. The maximum load capacity of TCBs can be enhanced when adding expansion plates up to 40 % above that of the parent beam. A TCB has lower ductility than its parent beam. Moreover, a TCB fulfills serviceability requirements since its mid-span depth exceeds that of its parent beam.
Improving the production technology of functional paste-like fruit-and-berry semi-finished products
Authors: Zagorulko Aleksey , Zahorulko Andrii , Kasabova Kateryna , Chuiko Lyudmila , Yakovets Lyudmila , Pugach Andrii , Barabolia Olha , Lavruk Vladyslav 
Published: September 2022

The object of this study is a functional fruit-and-berry paste for health purposes with the selection of components (apples, Ziziphus jujuba, blueberries), which are sources of dietary fiber, vitamin C, low molecular weight polyphenolic compounds and phytosterols, which are used as an immunostimulant to create products with cholesterol-lowering effect. The task to increase the content of these substances is solved by concentrating in a rotary film evaporator (RFE) under mild regime parameters (60...65 °C) to a dry matter (DM) content of 30...32 % for 45...50 s and by the pasteurization of concentrated paste in a scraper heat exchanger (SHE) at a temperature of 95...98 °C followed by packing.
The effective viscosity (Pa·s) of the mixtures of the original purees (DM 16...17 %) and resulting pastes (30...32 %) has been determined and its increase was found in the pastes compared to puree, by 1.65...1.85 times. The obtained data indicate a strengthening of the structure of the resulting functional paste, which, compared to control, has an effective viscosity of 3.6 times more. A significant advantage has a paste containing 45 % of apple; 35 % of Ziziphus jujuba; 20 % of blueberries. It is characterized by an enhanced content of dietary fiber, by 3.8 times; vitamin C, by 2.25 times; low-molecular polyphenolic compounds and tannins, phytosterols. Therefore, it can be used as an immunostimulant to manufacture products with cholesterol-lowering effect.
It was established that in order to effectively conduct the process of concentration in RFE and subsequent pasteurization in SHE, it is rational to grind puree to a particle size within 0.1...0.5 mm. The heat transfer coefficient when concentrating samples with a particle size of 0.5 mm has a higher rate, by 6 %, compared to the sample with a particle size of 1.5 mm. The technology could be introduced at the enterprises of the canning and confectionery industries
Synthesis and characterization of kaolinite-based granular adsorbents for the removal of Cu(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Zn(II), and Cr(VI) from contaminated water
Authors: Kholodko Yurii , Bondarieva Antonina , Tobilko Viktoriia , Pavlenko Volodymyr , Melnychuk Oleksandr , Glukhovskyi Vladislav 
Published: September 2022

The object of this study is granular adsorbents based on kaolinite and zero-valent iron. The ceramic mass for their preparation contained polyvinyl alcohol as a powder-forming additive. It was established that its addition in quantities of 1.8–3.3 % practically does not change the porosity of the granules but increases their strength. X-ray phase and chemical analyzes confirmed the presence of a layer of zero-valent iron on the surface of the granules. The structural and sorption characteristics of sorption materials have been studied and the calculations of the main parameters of their porous structure were carried out. It is shown that when modifying granules with zero-valent iron, there is a decrease in the specific surface area and micropores volume for samples without a powder-forming additive by almost 2 times compared to the original granules. Moreover, these values almost do not change for samples obtained with the addition of polyvinyl alcohol. It was found that the application of the reaction layer to the granules leads to a significant increase in their sorption capacity with respect to heavy metal ions Cu(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Zn(II), and Cr(VI). It has been shown that the resulting adsorbents can be used for wastewater treatment containing a mixture of these toxicants. It was found that the values of maximum sorption on modified samples are 10–20 times higher than those for the original granules. A feature of the obtained adsorbents is the ability to simultaneously remove metal ions, both in the form of cations and anions. A significant increase in the sorption values of Cr(VI) anionic forms, which are difficult to remove from water by natural ion exchangers, has been established. It has been shown that granules based on kaolinite and zero-valent iron are effective adsorbents for water purification from heavy metal ions. The resulting materials can be used for wastewater treatment of electroplating industries and hydrometallurgical industry
Application of intensive technologies for improved production processes in poultry farms
Authors: Hajiyev Rovshan Mustafa , Salmanova Kamala , Mammadov Gabil , Taghiyev Urfan 
Published: September 2022

One of the important problems in the modern world is to provide the population with high-quality food. So, today the agricultural sector faces the main task of increasing the production of agricultural products, as well as the use of agricultural waste. Poultry farming is one of the main branches of the agricultural sector. The main task facing farmers is to improve the conditions and technology for feeding and keeping farm birds, and one of the important tasks is the state of indoor air in this regard, the problem remains open. Therefore, the main way to solve this problem is the preferred transition to intensive technologies in order to realize the efficiency potential in poultry farming. However, the intensification of the area increases the anthropogenic load on the environment. The main source of environmental risk is the systems of disposal of bird droppings. Our research has shown that 85 % of the negative impact on the environment is caused by poultry and animal husbandry waste. Lighting also plays an important role in poultry farming. Thus, lighting is the basis for electricity consumption. Both natural and industrial lighting is important for the physiology of birds and their development, but, unfortunately, it is quite energy-intensive. In this regard, the idea of solving this problem is being created, it is the development and application of new, efficient, inexpensive and environmentally friendly technologies that are important for large-scale research. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account that most poultry farms are equipped with simple mechanical ventilation systems without cooling. So, an increase in productivity is possible through the introduction of intensive technologies, while the economic assessment of the use of evaporation plants, the disposal of bird droppings and LED lighting can be of practical importance.
Effect of enterosorbing dietary fibers on the quality and safety of fermented milk products
Authors: Alimardanova Mariam , Bakiyeva Venera 
Published: September 2022

This paper considers the possibility of using rice husks as enterosorbing fibers in the production of fermented milk products. The results of studying the fermented milk product using L. diacetylactis, L. bulgaricus, and Bacteriumbifidum microflora with the introduction of enterosorbing dietary fibers (ESDF) are reported. The technology of processing and preparation for the introduction of rice husks is described. Rice husks were studied for different particle sizes, the optimal option in the form of powder was selected. The behavior, influence on the shelf life, and viability of lactic acid bacteria in the finished product were investigated. The study of the chemical composition showed that in the examined samples the protein content increased by 25 %, carbohydrates – by 1.6 %, and dry matter – by 18 %; the content of dietary fiber (2.3 g) is 9 % of the daily value. An organoleptic assessment was also analyzed, based on which it was revealed that the rational dose of rice husks is 12 %. The dose of ESDF introduction varied from 0 to 5 %, in increments of 1 %. The optimization method revealed the area of the optimum, based on which repeated studies of the fermented milk product, produced according to the optimal formulation, were carried out. To assess safety, such indicators as QMAFAnM (the quantity of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms), titrated acidity and pH, as well as the content of heavy metals in the resulting samples were investigated. Enriching the fermented milk product with dietary fiber has made it possible to obtain a product with higher organoleptic properties and increased nutritional value while maintaining the consumer properties of the product
Identification of the influence of technological factors on the growth and development of lactic acid microorganisms in pastille marmalade products enriched with lactic acid starters
Authors: Pronina Yuliya , Nabiyeva Zhanar , Belozertseva Olga , Shukesheva Saule , Samodun Abdysemat 
Published: September 2022

Prototypes of pastille marmalade products with starters of lactic acid microorganisms have been developed. Pastille marmalade products that contain live cells of probiotic culture (from 1 to 3 CFU/g) help strengthen and maintain immunity. The macro and micromorphology of the probiotic culture were investigated, which confirmed the belonging of microorganisms to lactic acid. The studies reported here were scientifically substantiated by the method of mathematical modeling. Based on the regression equation, it was revealed that the growth of lactic acid microorganisms in the product is affected by the volume of whey (250 ml), the volume (0.02 g) and the time of revival of the starter culture (6 hours). A more significant factor was the volume of application of lactic acid microorganisms, from 0.01 to 0.02 g, which affects the growth of lactic acid microorganisms (increases) in the product. The antimicrobial activity of isolated crops in relation to E. coli was studied. The zones of illumination of the isolated colonies in relation to E. coli range from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.
The results show that antagonistic properties affect pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract.
The antioxidant properties of pastille marmalade products have been established. When applying starters of lactic acid cultures, the volume of antioxidants increased by 1.7 and 2.2 times compared with control.
In this regard, the development of pastille marmalade products with starters of lactic acid microorganisms is a relevant and promising task because they are natural, have an immunostimulating effect, and expand the range of confectionery products
Solution of the problem of the theory of elasticity and analysis of the stress state of a fibrous composite layer under the action of transverse compressive forces
Authors: Miroshnikov Vitaly , Savin Oleksandr , Younis Basheer , Nikichanov Vyacheslav 
Published: September 2022

An analytical-numerical solution of the spatial problem of elasticity theory for a composite in the form of a layer with two longitudinal endless continuous cylindrical inclusions is proposed. Homogeneous, isotropic materials of the layer and inclusions differ from each other in the modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio. Normal stresses are set on the upper and lower boundaries of the layer. The object of study is the stress state of such a composite. The problem is the lack of a high-precision method for calculating multiply connected bodies of this type. The solution of the problem is based on the generalized Fourier method for the Lame equations in various coordinate systems. The problem is reduced to an infinite system of linear algebraic equations, which is solved by the reduction method. In a numerical study, the stress state was obtained inside the composite bodies, within their conjugations, and on the isthmus between inclusions. It has been established that extreme stresses sρ=–0.9306 MPa, sf=–0.5595 MPa, tρf=–0.315 MPa occur on the mating face. Analysis of the stress state indicates the need to take into account the normal stresses on the mating surface. This is due to the presence of a binder, which may differ in physical characteristics from the main components of the composite. The results have logical physical correctness and, in simplified versions, are fully consistent with the results of similar problems from other approved sources. In the work, the transition formulas in the basic solutions between different coordinate systems, the conjugation conditions for different bodies, and the strict fulfillment of the equilibrium conditions for given boundary functions are simultaneously applied. This made it possible to obtain a high-precision solution of a new problem in the theory of elasticity for a layer with cylindrical inclusions and given only stresses on the boundary surfaces. The proposed method of calculation can be applied in the design of structures made of fibrous composites in the aircraft industry and construction.
A numerical implementation study of the stresses and noise generated by the gear engagement in the gearbox
Authors: Khleif Ali Abbar 
Published: September 2022

With the development of automotive technology and the increase in the performance of the moving parts in the car, the most important of which is the engine and gearbox. Where companies are working to increase the sound insulation of the movement of these parts outside and reduce the noise and stress generated because of movement, to study these noises and stresses, and to know the vibrations that give a high sound rate and wave pressure. Where it worked on a standard gearbox and simulated the movement of gears. To find out the stresses that are calculated because of this movement, the external stress caused by this movement of the gears, as well as the speed of the gears in the case of rotation, is also known. The results proved the contact areas of the main lip on the outer cover are greatly affected during the gearbox rotation process and also at high vibrations. The effect of vibrations and the Hertzian rate is significantly affected by it. At frequencies that reached 1500 Hz the value of stresses and deformation was relatively large. The acceleration and due to the different gear teeth, the acceleration value in this case was 3000 m/s2. The maximum value of shear stresses reached 9.5×104 Pa at the frequency between 1500 and 2000 Hz. The value of the vibration 1500 Hz is the highest value that achieved high noise as it was 112 dB, which is a 112 dB higher than the rest of the vibrations. The achievement of the condition of the presence of large noise when vibration 1500 Hz is reached is achieved by analyzing the noise produced by a car’s gearbox at that level. The amount of noise pressure and its wave through the outside air of the gearbox, where the amount of wave pressure of the noise reached a maximum value of 400 Pa and the lowest value ‑ 500 Pa.
Identifying the effect of channel wall ripple height on multiphase flow
Authors: Hussein Mohammed Ali Mahmood , Hasan Wajeeh Kamal 
Published: September 2022

With the development of simulation technology and the ability to obtain accurate numerical results, as well as with the development of information technology, software that can solve numerical problems has become necessary to see physical changes that cannot be seen by the human eye. Multiphase stream field is settled utilizing the volume of fluid (VOF) method, and the flow equations are assessed and addressed mathematically by the notable limited volume approach. As a multiphase framework without mass exchange, air/water stream is considered. For practically all cases considered in this review, the heat transfer coefficient is higher. In any case, a critical punishment pressure drop was observed especially for high mass courses through undulating channels. A wavy channel with a variable wave height was simulated to see the variables of the flow process for multi-phase materials with a square cross-section, where different speeds were used for the inlet duct for air, water and steam. The results proved that the increase in the height of the channel wall wave works to obstruct the flow and thus increases the time required for the fluid to reach the exit area. The value of time required for steam and air to reach the exit area at the channel wall wave height of 25 mm and the flow velocity of 0.1 m/s was 6.01 s, which is the longest time it took for the fluid to reach the exit area compared to other cases. The pressure value reflects the amount of turbulence in the flow process, and it's crucial for thermal improvements based on flow turbulence. The entrance flow velocity is 0.1 m/s and the wall wave height is 25 mm at a time of 2 s, when the pressure reaches 873.7 Pa.