bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mechanistic Model for the Two-Phase Slug Flow of the Purely Viscous Non-Newtonian Liquids through Pipes
Authors: Ramirez M. G. , Cruz D. O. A. , Nikfarjam F. , Anbarlooei H. R. 
Published: November 2022

Summary
Mechanistic slug models generally depend on several empirical correlations. This work presents an extended model, which incorporates a recently theoretically developed family of friction equations for purely viscous non-Newtonian fluids to reduce this dependency. In contrast to other models where a fixed transition Reynolds number is used, a proper rheology-dependent laminar-to-turbulent transition criteria has been adopted. Finally, to fully specify the characteristics of the slug flow, a new model is introduced for the slug frequency, by balancing the pressure forces and the drag over the gas bubble. The resulting model requires just one empirical coefficient, drag coefficient of the bubble, which depends on the rheology of the fluids and diameter of the pipe. The developed models have been extensively verified with the experimental data, for the two-phase flows with Newtonian and non-Newtonian (power law and Bingham) liquid phase. Our mechanistic model predicts the pressure drop of the experimental data within ±20% error range, while it does not introduce any new empirical coefficient for the non-Newtonian case. This model, besides its simplicity and accuracy, successfully captures the physical trends in experimental data where other available models fail. The frequency model with calibrated drag coefficient reproduces the experiments with less than 30% error, while one can find a universal drag coefficient which can reproduce most of the experimental observations within the same error range. To summarize, the proposed models can fully characterize two-phase slug flows in presence of a non-Newtonian purely viscous fluid phase.
Rapid Paediatric and Adolescent Anti-retroviral Therapy Optimization in Uganda, 2020-2021: a National Implementation Success During a Raging Covid19 Pandemic
Authors: Namusoke-Magongo Eleanor , Nakanwagi Miriam , Adoa Dennis , Nyamitoro Ian , Arinaitwe Ivan , Nazziwa Esther , Nkolo Esther Karamagi , Nabitaka Vennie , Chimulwa Teddy , Kiranda Edward Katto , Ayitewala Alisen , Ochora Esther Nyamugisa , Katureebe Cordelia , Musinguzi Joshua 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Children and adolescents (0-19 years) living with HIV (CALHIV) in Uganda have historically had lower viral load suppression (VLS) rates than adults and this was partly attributed to sub-optimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens. By June 2019, less than 50% of CALHIV were on optimal regimens despite appropriate policies in place. In July 2019, Ministry of Health (MOH) embarked on an ART optimization campaign to put all CALHIV on optimal regimens. We describe the process, challenges, and achievements during June 2019 – March 2021.
Methods
The campaign started in July 2019 and ART optimization was phased by age and by region due to ART stock shortage and gradually spread to the entire country with realization of sufficient stock. ART optimization referred to initiating or transitioning CALHIV on either an integrase strand transfer inhibitor(dolutegravir) or a protease inhibitor (Boosted lopinavir) as the anchor drug.
Implementation of the campaign involved building capacity for ART optimization for all stakeholders and weekly use of robust data to monitor progress and make timely interventions along with regular supervision and onsite mentorships. MOH developed indicators on optimization which the implementing partners reported at weekly meetings facilitated by the MOH.
A data call was made at end of March 2021 to determine the progress on ART optimization of CALHIV in Uganda and VLS analysis was done to assess the early impact of ART optimization.
Results
Adolescents comprised the majority (40,931/ 64,723; 63.2%) of CALHIV in HIV care by March 2021. Almost all (63,053/64,723; 97.4%) of CALHIV had been transitioned to optimal ART regimens. Despite the successful ART optimization for CALHIV, viral load suppression increased just slightly and remained suboptimal (<95%) by March 2021.
Conclusions
Proper preparation and timely data use for decision making enabled Uganda to succeed at ART optimization for almost all CALHIV amidst the COVID19 pandemic. However, ART optimization alone was not sufficient to have optimal viral load suppression nationally.
Red dichromatic imaging improved the visibility of exposed blood vessels in gastric ulcer induced by endoscopic submucosal dissection– a pilot study
Authors: miyamoto shuichi , Ono Masayoshi , Sugiura Ryo , Higashino Masayuki , Suda Goki , Kohya Lisako , Suzuki Kazuharu , Hirata Koji , Abiko Satoshi , Kinoshita Kenji , Hirata Hiromi , Hatanaka Kazuteru , Yamamoto Yoshiya , Naruse Hirohito , Ono Shoko , Sakamoto Naoya 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
One of the major complications of gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is delayed bleeding. The treatment of exposed vessels after completed dissection should be effective to avoid delayed bleeding. However, it’s sometimes difficult to detect the detection of exposed blood vessels on ulcers induced by ESD. A recent study reported that red dichromatic imaging (RDI) was useful for detecting exposed vessels. In this study, we aimed to measure the visibility of exposed vessels and the quantitative color difference between the exposed vessels and surrounding tissue on ulcers, as observed using RDI after completed dissection.
Methods
Sixty-four vessels (14 patients) in gastric ESD-induced ulcers were evaluated using both white light imaging (WLI) and RDI. The Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage 1976 (L*a*b*) color space was used to measure the color difference. The color difference was evaluated by comparing the color values of regions of interest for the point of an exposed vessel and three points surrounding an exposed vessel. The visibility of exposed vessels was evaluated using a visibility scoring system. The primary endpoint was color differences (ΔE) between the exposed vessels and surrounding tissue in each modality.
Results
The average ΔE values (± SEM) for WLI and RDI were 24.85 (± 1.19) and 31.83(± 1.31), respectively. The ΔE value for RDI was significantly higher than that for WLI (p < 0.01). The visibility score was improved in 54.7% (35/64) of cases.
Conclusions
The color differences between the exposed vessels and surrounding tissue on gastric ESD-induced ulcers were higher with RDI than with WLI, and RDI improved the visibility of exposed vessels.
One-Step Combinatorial Strategy for Optimization of Antibiotics With Plant Extract Against Drug Resistant Clinical Bacteria
Authors: Gideon Mathew , Ladan Zakari 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is of global concern, resistance to every antibiotic is not an essential requirement for bacteria or fungi to be considered dangerous, and a severe problem can arise from resistance to just one antibiotic. Medicinal plants are the primary sources of active ingredients used in formulating drugs. This current work demonstrates a one-step combinatorial strategy where antibiotics can be optimized using random selectivity of phytochemicals present in aqueous plant extract, which is effective against resistant clinical isolates of Streptococcus spp, Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella spp, and Escherichia coli. Concentrated sulphuric acid and 10% sodium hydroxide were used in the combination of Calotropis Procera extract with Amoxicillin and Ampicillin at 1 mg/mL. To validate the positive results obtained in stage one, Piliostigma reticulatum extract was combined with 100 µg/mL of azithromycin and separately with 100 µg/ml of ampicillin, varying the volume of the acid. Higher inhibitions zones were observed at 16.7 mm for salmonella spp, 16.4 mm for shigella spp, 16.8 mm for S. aureus, 21.3 mm for E.coli, and 22.4 mm streptococcus spp in situations where antibiotics inhibitions zones were 0 mm. The results of this present work report a cost-effective method by which antibiotics can be enhanced to overcome resistance in bacteria using various phytochemicals present in plant extracts. This method can be explored and applied in different ways to identify novel compounds isolates and purify their active principles for selectivity, efficacy, safety, and their development to the clinical trial candidate, which may lead to being applied in antiviral and anticancer research to overcome enormous health challenges.
Comparative root anatomy and root bud development in two species of Malvaceae
Authors: Cury Graziela , Santos Devid , Barbosa Lucas , Ferro Luan , Lima Leomar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Aims. Since underground plant organs, usually the thickened ones, are structures capable of producing buds that allow shoot regrowth when the aerial part of the plants is eliminated by human disturbances or fire episodes and some plants have roots that produce buds, which may or may not be branched systems, but which allow vegetative propagation in unfavorable environments, due the presence of carbohydrate of reserves tis study aimed to analyze the roots of two Brazilian species, Apeiba tibourbou and Pachira aquatica, which present starch grains, root buds and capacity to propagate vegetatively and to compare the anatomical structure of these gemiferous roots.
Methods. The material of both species was analyzed in loco environment, collected and anatomical standardized methods were used to compare the species. Also tests for carbohydrate detection were made.
Results. Anatomical analyses showed that these roots produce endogenous buds, originating from pericycle cells in A. tibourbou and from parenchyma rays in P. aquatica. Both species presented starch as carbohydrate reserve but with significance difference on the amount between them.
Conclusions.The results demonstrated the diversity not only in relation to the high potential of differentiation and specialization of plant cells, but also in relation to the reproductive strategies adopted by these species, whether they are associated with the environment or not.
The effects of social capital, the sharing economy, and mutual support on the co-housing intentions of elderly groups - Application of the theory
Authors: Yeh Wen-chih , Lee Chun-chang , Chang Hung-chung , Lin Miao-Fen , Yu Zheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Backgrounds: The aging of the population and low birth rates are two major social issues worldwide and are particularly prominent in Taiwan. Co-housing, which has been implemented in Europe, the U.S., and Japan for several years, is often regarded as a solution for housing elderly groups.
Methods: This study integrated the theory of planned behavior with three variables—social capital, the sharing economy, and mutual support-to explore the co-housing intentions of elderly groups. The questionnaire survey method was employed for data collection, and 335 responses were recovered.
Results: The empirical results indicated that social capital and the sharing economy indirectly and significantly affect co-housing intentions through attitudes as a mediator variable. Furthermore, perceived behavioral control had significant positive effects on co-housing intentions.
Conclusion: The results imply that social capital and the sharing economy are important determinants of elderly groups' decisions on whether to co-live with younger generations.
Expression Analysis of Fiber Pigmentation Genes in Cotton
Authors: Muneer Ayesha , Khan Zulqurnain , Ali Zulfiqar , Fatima Akash 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The biochemical basis of pigmentation has been well studied in naturally colored cotton, but little is known about the molecular basis of color development in cotton fibers. The differences in pigmentation between white, khaki, shades of brown and shades of green cotton fiber can be mined by the molecular study of structural genes of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. The transcriptome analysis of five flavonoid biosynthesis related structural genes, encoding chalcone isomerase (GhCHI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (GhF3H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (GhDFR), anthocyanidin synthase (GhANS), and anthocyanidin reductase (GhANR) was performed at two fiber developmental stages i.e. 10 DPA and 20 DPA in white, khaki, dark brown, light brown, green, light green and dark green cotton. The transcript level of all structural genes was higher in brown cotton fiber as compared to green and white at all stages. The transcript accumulation of GhANS was negligible in green and white cotton fiber at both stages. Correlating these findings with the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway revealed that GhANR and its substrate GhANS are crucial for the synthesis of proanthocyanidins, which is a brown pigment and transcripts of structural genes are directly proportional to the brown pigment. Likewise, GhF3Hand GhDFR were found to be important for the creation of green color in cotton. In conclusion, GhANS is strongly associated with brown color development and GhF3H and GhDFR are associated with green color development. Modulation in the transcript level of these genes could improve the pigmentation of brown and green cotton fibers.
Influence of Alstonia Angustiloba Tree Water Uptake on Slope Stability: A Case Study at the Unsaturated Slope, Pahang, Malaysia
Authors: Zaini Muhammad Syamsul Imran , Hasan Muzamir , Zolkepli Muhammad Farhan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study examines the effects of tree water uptake at different depths and distances on the improvement of induced water uptakes in soil owing to transpiration. This study is performed to examine the tree water uptake profile in a vegetated slope with the existence of Alstonia Angustiloba mature tree at the top and the permanence of the slope during various precipitation penetration events by which the data of the tree water uptake produced within this section of the slope is recorded and implemented to evaluate the factor of safety (FOS). Slope stability analysis is further conducted to explore how plant transpiration affects slope stability. The results portrayed that, higher tree water uptake lead to the greatest FOS of the slope up to 53% (from 2.17 to 4.57). The highest tree water uptake recorded was at the slope station with the existence of the Alstonia Angustiloba tree with a depth of 0.25 m and a distance of 1.1 m from the tree. The tree water uptake utilized in this study can contribute to a carbon-free and eco-friendly approach which can be implemented globally to prevent slope catastrophe.
Hooked Embracing Plate for Rolando Fracture Fixation: A Preliminary Result
Authors: Tsai Yueh-Ju , Yeh Jui-Po , Lin Tsen-Hung , Lin Tsan-Shiun , Hsieh Ching-Hua 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Rolando fracture is a comminuted, intra-articular fracture over the metacarpal bone base of the thumb which often leads to joint instability and requirement of surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the radiological and functional outcomes of Rolando fracture following surgical fixation with a hooked embracing plate designed for Rolando fracture.
Method
We retrospectively reviewed a consequence of patients between 2018 to 2022 with Rolando fracture who received open reduction internal fixation with hooked embracing plates. Primary endpoints were the quality of radiologic reduction after the operation and peri-operative complications. Secondary outcomes were bone union, pinch and grip strength, palmar abduction, opposition and radiographic osteoarthritis over the trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint.
Results
A total of 5 patients were included. All patients had good quality of radiological reduction without peri-operative complications. The opposition, abduction, pinch and grip strength were nearly full-recovered for all patients with fine bone unions after 3 months follow-up.
Conclusion
The hooked embracing plate is a good and safe option for surgical fixation in patients with Rolando fracture. Compared with traditional method such as lag screw or mini-plate fixation, the hooked embracing plate could provide rigid fixation with fine radiologic and functional outcomes with early mobilization.
Neanderthal socioeconomic behaviour based on taphonomic and zooarchaeological study of the Mousterian site of Arrillor (Álava, Basque Country, Spain).
Authors: ROMERO Antonio J. , FERNÁNDEZ-LOMANA J. Carlos DÍEZ , ARCEREDILLO Diego , DE BURUAGA Andoni SÁENZ 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Arrillor (Murua, Álava) is an archeological site on the southeast of Mount Gorbea. The cave is characterized by an extensive archaeological sequence belonging to middle Palaeolithic. This work presents the taphonomic and zooarchaeological study of 11 stratigraphic levels that contain faunal remains. We have identified an ensemble of levels included in three principal stratigraphic complexes. These stratigraphic complexes showed distinct sedimentary and archaeological characteristics. The inequality of bone remains is striking, both in the number of remains and in the nature of their taxa. Ungulates preponderates thoroughly the ensemble and carnivores are usually rare. Human were the main taphonomic agent and other predator actuation on bones is unusual. Throughout the sequence, Neanderthals hunted mainly ungulates from wood, grassland and rocky biotopes. Musterian people were effective hunters and young and adult deer was the favourite prey, but they also practised sporadic scavenging. Hunting tactics conducted by these groups show a big variability throughout the sequence, from waiting for hunting by lonely individuals to the exploitation of herds during heat. Neanderthal communities overcame climate and environmental changes by transferring the orography of their food acquisition activities.
WITHDRAWN: CBD in orofacial pain and TMD - a literature review
Authors: Walczyńska-Dragon Karolina , Nitecka-Buchta Aleksandra , Baron Stefan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and orofacial pain present therapeutic challenges. Interest in the use of CBD-based medications has outpaced the knowledge of its efficacy and safety in treating TMD. The objective of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of CBD-based medications in individuals with TMD.
Materials and Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Scopus databases were examined. The search was filtered to include only papers published from 2007 to 2022. The main question was asked: Can CBD/Cannabis play an important role in the therapy of orofacial pain and TMD?
Results: After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria and analyzing the abstracts, 31 articles were finally selected.
Conclusions: CBD should be taken into consideration in the therapy of masticatory muscles in patients with TMD and orofacial pain. Further research is needed for CBD administration.
Children’s Well-Being Post the Pandemic and Amid the Economic Crisis in Lebanon
Authors: Nasr Ramona , Haddad Chadia , Raidan Nada , Ibrahim Sara Abou , Swaidan Eman , Karam Joanne 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: The outbreak of coronavirus in 2020 prompted schools to shift their classes from a physical learning environment to an online one to implement measures of social distancing to limit the spread of the pandemic. This disruption negatively influenced the social interaction of children and their well-being. In Lebanon, the situation was further exacerbated due to the severe economic crisis that had and still has obvious negative effects on the well-being of children. This study aims to investigate the impact of the coronavirus pandemic and the economic crisis on the mental health of Lebanese children aged 5 to 14 years old and to assess their well-being in a post-pandemic world.
Method: A quantitative research design was adopted, and the validated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to collect data. 966 responses were collected, among which 627 parental reports and 339 teacher reports. Descriptive analysis was conducted for categorical variables and continuous measures. Means were compared using the independent-sample t-test and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Pearson correlation test was used to evaluate the association between continuous variables. And a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was conducted to compare the total SDQ difficulties score and sub-scores between the teacher and parents.
Results: 34% of the study population are categorized as abnormal and 14.9% as borderline according to the SDQ score, and an expansion of mental health problems among these children is indicated. The study reveals that the most common mental health problems identified among these children are respectively conduct problems, peer, emotional, and hyperactivity problems, and prosocial problems. The main factors impacting the high rates of mental health problems among Lebanese children are gender, parental control, lack of discipline, poor-quality education background, parenting problems, low family income, physical defects among children, and the political situation of the country.
Conclusion: This study highlights the necessity of promoting mental health awareness among parents and teachers and adopting intervention and prevention measures to help children in Lebanon deal with mental health challenges caused by the pandemic and the ongoing economic crisis.
Efficacy of ultrasound-guided percutaneous catheter drainage in severe acute pancreatitis and selection of application timing
Authors: Lu Ting , Fan Qingmin , Wang Jie , Wan Xiaojing , Xu Chunfang , Dong Fenglin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background: Percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) has been widely used in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), but there is still no consensus on when to perform PCD. This study evaluated the clinical efficacy of PCD in the treatment of SAP with acute accumulation and assessed the impact of the choice of PCD timing on the outcome and complications of patients with SAP.Methods: A total of 99 patients diagnosed with SAP accompanied with acute accumulation from 2017.04 to 2022.04 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were included and divided into PCD group (50 cases) and conservative treatment group (49 cases) according to whether they received PCD treatment. The basic information, length of hospital stay, recovery time of laboratory indicators, occurrence of complications, and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. The PCD group was further divided into the early PCD group (<2 weeks, 37 cases) and the late PCD group (>2 weeks, 13 cases) according to the time of PCD, and the information mentioned above of the two groups were compared.Results: Compared with the conservative treatment group, the PCD group had significantly shorter recovery time of blood amylase, duration of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (P<0.05), significantly lower incidence rates of complications and mortality (P<0.05). The early PCD group had significantly shorter length of hospital stay and significantly lower incidence of complications than the late PCD group (P < 0.05).Conclusion: PCD is safe and effective in the treatment of SAP and can improve the prognosis of patients. Early PCD is more likely to shorten patients' hospital stay and reduce complications.