bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Floating Microsponge: An Emerging Drug Delivery System
Authors: Shukla Mukesh Kumar , Niranjan Abadhesh Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Floating microsponges are a method to extend gastric residence time, there with the aid of using concentrated on site-responsive medicament liberate withinside the top GIT for locally or systemic effect. Gastro retentive dosage forms (GRDFs) are getting utilized from a totally long term to enhance treatment with numerous main medications. Floating microsponge significantly enhances the therapy of stomach with the aid of using liberating the medication locally and for that reason used for medication selecting at specific organ. This may be sustained over an extended period of time. Floating drug delivery allow extended and non-stop release of the drug to the top a part of Gastro intestinal tract and this expressively amplify the period of drug release and enhance pharmacokinetic of medication which have slim healing window, with the aid of using this method dosing frequency and affected person compliance is increased. A microsponge’s drug delivery system is a particularly cross-linkage, spongy, polymeric microsphere, polymeric device consisting permeable microspheres. Microsponges are prepared with the aid of using numerous techniques consisting of liquid-liquid suspension polymerization and quasi emulsion solvent diffusion method. Microsponge,s preparations are strong over variety of pH 1 to 11; microsponge,s preparations are strong on the temperature as much as 1300C well suited with maximum vehicles and ingredients. The present assessment introduces microsponge,s technology at the side of its techniques of preparation, characterization, advantages, evaluation and release mechanism of microsponge,s drug delivery system, advertised product and up to date studies regarding microsponge.
Keywords: Floating microsponge, Oral administration, Controlled release, Quasi emulsion, Target release.
Relationship between Body Mass Index and Knee Osteoarthritis at UKI General Hospital in 2017
Authors: Novelyn Silphia , Munthe Ronald Vinantius 
Published: August 2022

Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease usually suffered by elderly patients, contributing to the high risk of disability. The risk factors that affect the severity of knee osteoarthritis are obesity, age, sex, occupation, patient's history of the disease, trauma, and other factors. Excessive body weight is a factor that exacerbates the disease of osteoarthritis. Generally, this research is aimed to examine the correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and knee osteoarthritis at UKI General Hospital. The researcher used a descriptive-analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. In this study, the researcher used 30 samples. The result of chi-square analysis by using Fisher's Exact Test shows that a p-value = 0.045 indicates that the p-value of BMI is under the significance level of α = 0,05. Therefore, the researcher concluded that there is a correlation between BMI and knee osteoarthritis, in which a high BMI value (>24.9) may affect the occurrence of joint space narrowing among the patients. The mean BMI value among the osteoarthritis patients UKI General Hospital is 25.6, which highly indicates that most osteoarthritis patients are preobese/ overweight.
Keywords: Knee osteoarthritis, Body Mass Index (BMI), joint space narrowing
Advancement of Near Infrared techniques in diagnosis and treatment of cancer
Authors: Sharma Nikhil , Ankalgi Amar Deep , Thakur Upasana , Ashawat Mahendra Singh , Sharma Neha 
Published: August 2022

Near-Infrared photoimmunotheraphy (NIR-PIT) is newly developed therapy for cancer treatment, by using a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) conjugated to a photoactive agent i.e. IRDye 700DX. In this technique, the conjugate of specific monoclonal antibody - photoactive agent is administered intravenously to cancer patient. When NIR light is applied, the monoclonal antibody - photoactive agent conjugate (APC) is excited and selectively kill the cancer cell without harming neighbouring normal cell. NIR light alters the chemical structure of APC and damages the cancer cell membrane. For the diagnosis of tumor, it is possible to observe the movements of erythrocyte in tissues by using diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS). DCS flow measurements are carried out by observing photon speckle variations induced by moving tissue scattering. Another diagnostic tool is Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), which is based on endogenous chromophores difference between healthy tissue and cancer by using diagnostic indicator i.e. oxy-haemoglobin or deoxyhaemoglobin, lipid or water bands. NIRS is being used in a variety of biological and pharmaceutical research fields, including brain imaging, cardiovascular radiology, formulation and quality/process control, and even clinical trial. In this review article, we describe the Near-Infrared photoimmunotheraphy (NIR-PIT) with its mechanism, role of DCS & NIRS in cancer diagnosis and various application of NIR-PIT.
Keyword: Near-infrared immunotherapy (NIR-PIT); diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS); Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS); Cancer treatment; Cancer diagnosis.
Benefits of a National Program for Adverse Drugs Reactions (ADRS) Surveillance in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Ramirez Irma , Vera Zully , Mastroianni Patricia , Maciel Olga , Maidana Mabel , Marin Lupe , Marin Gina , Marin Gustavo H. 
Published: August 2022

Voluntary notification of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADR) is the most worldwide method to detect these events. Unfortunately, health professionals in Latin American countries have no “culture” to notify ADR. For this reason, the National Diabetes Program (NDP) in Paraguay decided to regularly contact their patients, in order to increase ADR detection. To evaluate the results of this experience, this study was performed.
Methods: a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study with an intervention phase was performed. A non-probabilistic sample of patients belonging to NDP was selected and compared with historical results of the program. The intervention activities consisted in a monthly contact of the patients by a member of the program.
Results: 2,390 patients with type II diabetes were enrolled in the study and compared with the same number of patients belonging to the program but with classical follow-up. Concerning the adverse drug reactions, 146 reports were registered during the study period, which mean 6.1% of all patients enrolled, while in the same period, historically the ADR reports were 0.94%. 66.9% of these reports were performed by the patients while 42.1% were notified by health professional. Main ADRs reported were vomiting 28.8%, dizziness 28.4%, diarrhea 10.8%, hypoglycemia 10.2% or abdominal pain 6.5%. The antidiabetic drugs that presented the greatest suspicion of ADRs were metformin 45.31%, glimepiride 21.8%, glibenclamide 6.25% and insulin 3.13%.
Conclusion: Periodical contact of patients covered by a National Diabetes program was able to increase 6 times the historically annual of report of pharmacovigilance adverse drug reactions.
Keywords: pharmacovigilance, adverse drug reactions, reports, voluntary, active notification, program.
Phytochemical Analysis of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) Dried Flower Buds Extract and its Therapeutic Importance
Authors: Lone Zahoor Ahmad , Jain Navin Kumar 
Published: August 2022

The current study objective was to look into phytochemical analysis of Syzygium aromaticum dried flower buds. Clove has long been known to have positive health effects. The majority of the clove spice consumed worldwide comes from home kitchens. One of the most expensive spices, clove (Syzygium aromaticum) has historically been used for both food preservation and for several therapeutic goals. Clove is a native of Indonesia, although it has been cultivated throughout the world, including India. The dried bud powder was successively extracted with water, methanol, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether. The following phytochemicals are present in Syzygium aromaticum, Carbohydrates, lipids, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, sterols and triterpenes are all found, according to the phytochemical examination. Clove, also known as Syzygium aromaticum (Family Myrtaceace), is the most important and second-most precious spice. The utilization of herbal medicines is a significant source for the development of novel pharmaceutical compounds to treat severe ailments. It offers a wide range of medical benefits including antibacterial, analgesic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties. In clove dried flower bud extract the identified compounds are Quercetin, Ursolic acid and Gallic acid, all these compounds are responsible for the medicinal properties of clove bud.
Keywords: Clove bud extract, Phytochemical, Soxhlet, LCMS, Health benefits.
Description of Covid-19 Patients with Comorbidity
Authors: Pohan Dame Joyce , Gultom Fajar Lamhot , Halim Benaya Putra 
Published: August 2022

Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2). At this point, COVID-19 remains the main health issue worldwide, including in Indonesia, with existing risk factors. Comorbidities, smoking, male sex, and the elderly are some of its biggest risk factors. Current data about COVID-19 patients with comorbidities in Indonesia were limited, so this study was made to present more data about the clinical profile of COVID-19 with comorbidities. The descriptive retrospective method was used in this study with secondary data obtained from Christian University of Indonesia General Hospital medical records from January 2020 to December 2020 and aimed to describe the clinical profile of COVID-19 patients with comorbidities. Among 156 samples of COVID-19 patients that were found in this study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 91 patients (58,3%) had at least one comorbidity. They were distributed based on sex, age group, clinical symptoms, type of comorbidity, and the number of comorbidities in each patient. Based on sex distribution, there were 46 male patients (50,5%) and 45 female patients (49,5%). The most prevalent age group was 50 – 54 years old, with 14 patients (15,4%). Fever with 88 patients (95,9%), cough with 86 patients (93,8%), and dyspnea with 55 patients (60,8%) were the most common clinical symptoms. The most common types of comorbidity were hypertension with 66 patients (72,5%), diabetes mellitus (DM) with 20 patients (22,0%), and obesity with 14 patients (15,4%). There were 58 patients (63,8%) with only one comorbidity and 33 patients (36,3%) with ≥ 2 comorbidities. Prompt identification of comorbidities, public enlightenment about comorbidities with other risk factors of COVID-19, and complying with health protocols are recommended to decrease the proportion of COVID-19 patients with comorbidities.
Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Comorbidity.
Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Cream
Authors: Chatur Vibhavari Makarand , Ansari Nazma M. , Joshi Sanket K. , Walode Sanjay G. 
Published: August 2022

Cosmetics made from either natural or synthetic components are almost in regular use universally in many different forms for enhancing the beauty. Azadirachta indica and Nyctanthes arbor-tristis are medicinal plants; these plants are used traditionally from ancient years in various herbal medicinal systems such as Ayurvedic, Homeopathic and Siddha. The dried leaves of Azadirachta indica and dried leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory analgesic activity. The present research is focused on the formulation of polyherbal cream and their evaluation by using various evaluation parameters.
Keywords: Polyherbal cream, Neem, Night Jasmine, Fusion method, Almond oil.
EFFECT OF FINANCIAL LITERACY, FINANCIAL ATTITUDE, AND FINANCIAL INCLUSION ON FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR
Authors: Sukma Sjahmagri Priatama , Pradana Mahir 
Published: August 2022

Students who are financially dependent on parents and financial-independent students are affected by Covid-19. Preventing financial problems can be carried out by good financial literacy. Based on precedent studies, financial literacy in Telkom University students was good; however, in reality, a protest emerged regarding tuition fees, generating a gap between the theory and reality. This study aimed to test a financial literacy argument of Telkom University students and the reality during pandemic. The study employed a quantitative method, verificative description, and purposive non-probability sampling technique. The study respondents amounted to 100 students of Business Administration undergraduate study. Data were analyzed using path analysis. From the hypothesis testing results, the financial literacy variable affected financial attitude, financial inclusion, and financial behavior. The inclusion variable affected and mediated the effect of financial literacy on financial behavior. Meanwhile, financial attitude did not affect and mediate the effect of financial literacy on financial behavior.

Keywords: Financial; Financial Literacy, Financial Attitude; Financial Inclusion; Financial Behavior; Students
N.M. Karamzin’s “Herald of Europe” and S.N. Glinka’s “Russian Herald” about Peter the Great – Consonance and Dissonance
Authors: Kruglikova Olga S. 
Published: August 2022

The article provides a comparative analysis of the views on the reforms and historical role of Peter the Great, expressed in N.M. Karamzin’s “Herald of Europe” (1802–1803) and S.N. Glinka’s “Russian Herald” ­(1808–1824). Since the foreign policy context of the era of Napoleonic Wars had fundamental impact on Russian journalism of that period, historical publications should be considered in their correlation with current processes in the information space of the early 19th century. In the article the author shows that given the ideological continuity, the world outlook and historical views of the journals of Karamzin and Glinka were characterized by fundamental differences. The primary task for Karamzin was to substantiate the equal status of Russia in the cultural space of Europe, and his apologetic attitude towards Peter I during that period was determined by the role of the first emperor in the Europeanization of Russia. Glinka, in the conditions of information confrontation on the eve of the war of 1812, needed to emphasize the moral and cultural superiority of Russians over Europeans, so he made an attempt to create a reconciling historical narrative, paradoxically combining both the praise of pre-Petrine Russia and the praise of the reforms of Peter the Great.
The Image of Peter I in the Publicistic Works of A.S. Suvorin and V.P. Meshchersky
Authors: Igumnov Dmitriy A. 
Published: August 2022

In this article the author examines the concept of the image of Peter the Great expressed in the publicistic works of the publisher of “Novoje Vremya” (“New Time”) journal A.S. Suvorin and the publisher of the Grazhdanin” (Citizen”) magazine Prince V.P. Meshchersky. Examining the personality of the emperor and his role in the history of Russia, Suvorin and Meshchersky turned to the issues of the relations of society and power, reforms and education, society development and attitude towards the “eastern” and “western” way. The image of Peter the Great appeared ambiguous in the publications of those editions, but all of them disapproved of the rough way Russian traditional society destruction performed by the Emperor. At the same time, Suvorin saw in the pre-Petrine Russia the development of elements of freedom and public initiative, while Meshchersky relied more on the ideal of autocracy based on mutual affection of people and the tsar.
A.S. Pushkin’s “History of Peter I” as the History of Disappointment
Authors: Darenskiy Vitaliy Yu. 
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes the preparatory materials for the never-written “History of Peter I” by A.S. Pushkin, which are of great interest as an important evidence of Russian historical thought. The analysis of Pushkin’s theses and the selection of material shows his exposure of the “Peter’s legend” (I. Solonevich) about the “great reformer”. In Pushkin’s narrative about Peter I, two different content and semantic “layers” can be found: 1) the event-pragmatic “layer”, in which this tsar in fact acts as a “reformer” and therefore a priori should be viewed positively; 2) the moral and religious layer, in which Peter I also acts in fact as an anti-Christian force and thus, anti-people – and therefore a priori should be considered negatively. This methodological conflict, first manifested in Pushkin’s texts about Peter I, later becomes decisive for the Russian historical consciousness in its relation to individual historical figures.
Pushkin’s “Bronze Horseman” and the Formation of the Official Image of Peter the Great in Russia in the Era of Nicholas I
Authors: Gayda Fyodor A. 
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the formation of images and plot of the “Bronze Horseman” by A.S. Pushkin in the context of the state ideology, as well as ideas about Peter the Great in the Russian educated society. The author reveals the main strategies for the development of the positive image of Peter in the 18th century, as well as their criticism in public circles at the turn of the 18th – 19th centuries. He considers the ways of creating Pushkin’s authorly image of the emperor and the tasks that the poet solved with its help. The Bronze Horseman is analyzed in the context of the political confrontation between A.S. Pushkin with A. Mitskevich. The relationship between Pushkin’s apology for Peter and the state cult of the tsar-reformer, recreated in the early 1830s, is noted. The author comes to the conclusion that two lines of development of the positive myth about Peter, coming from Feofan Prokopovich and Catherine II, are synthesized in Pushkin’s work. Initially, the poet strove to achieve an amnesty for the Decembrists, but after 1830 the image of a “revolutionary from above” arose, and the topic of amnesty ceased to be relevant. In the 18th century the image of Peter in the public consciousness was formed under the influence of the state ideology, but after 1825 the situation changed to the opposite.
The History and Fate of Patriotic Westernism in Russia: from Peter the Great to Peter Stolypin (in the Context of Modernity
Authors: Tyapin Igor N. 
Published: August 2022

The phenomenon of patriotic Westernism arose as a consequence of the need to resolve the contradiction between the inorganic Eurocentric modernization and the cultural and historical foundation of the civilizational identity of Russia, forming and evolving during the 18th – early 20th century. Patriotic Westernism developed as a reaction to criticism from national thought, without completely losing ideological connection with Russophobic/foreign Westernism. In the golden age of the Russian Empire, patriotic Westernism gradually became, at the level of the key theses, the semi-official worldview of both a significant part of the intelligentsia (both liberal, liberal-conservative and revolutionary) and the state authorities. The presence of utopian and inconsistent ideas against the background of the formation of (albeit slow) national-patriotic consciousness led to a wide spread of mimicry within Russophobic Westernism under the patriotic current, so that the identification of a number of representatives of Westernism who appealed to patriotism along the line of “authenticity – imaginary / quasi-patriotism” as not always possible. Adherence to the dogmatic ideas regarding the embryonicity of Russian society, originality as backwardness, invariably led to the fact that patriotic Westernism could give a short-term positive effect, followed by a long-term negative one. The crisis of the paradigm model of patriotic Westernism, which has unfolded in recent times under the influence of the complex of internal and external factors, now deprives it of serious prospects as ideology and practice of Russian national-state construction.
The Personality and Activities of Peter I in Slovak and Czech Historical and Cultural Discourse in the 19th and Early 20th Century
Authors: Shevchenko Kirill V. 
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes the views of leading Slovak and Czech politicians and public figures of the 19th – early 20th centuries on the personality and reforms of Peter I, their significance and consequences. While emphasizing the organic nature of Peter’s reforms, noting their scale and impressive depth, and paying tribute to the business and personal qualities of Peter I, the Slovak and especially Czech politicians and thinkers noted a number of shortcomings in the course of their implementation. Thus, according to Czech political thinkers, a number of Peter’s reforms were often clearly improvisational, hasty, situational and non-systemic. In some cases, Peter paid excessive attention to insignificant details, revealing the character of a despot. Czech leaders assessed the nature and consequences of Peter’s reforms ambiguously, emphasizing that, on the one hand, Peter’s reforms contributed to the overall modernization and strengthening of Russia, but, on the other hand, led to the growing cultural alienation between the Russian intelligentsia and the people, affecting negatively the subsequent development of Russia.
Peter I and the Birth of Russian Historical Science
Authors: Perevezentsev Sergey V. 
Published: August 2022

The article describes the significant influence of Peter the Great on the emergence of Russian historical science. Tsar Peter Alekseevich supported rationalism and the theory of natural law, demanded that his subjects accepted the postulates of Western European theories that could be viewed as advanced at that historical moment, and be guided by them in their activities. Attaching great importance to historical knowledge, Peter I closely followed the development of Western European historical science, ordered the works of European historians to be translated into Russian. In particular, in 1718 the Tsar personally ordered Gabriel Buzhinsky to translate from Latin into Russian the work of the German historian and lawyer Samuel Pufendorf “Introductio ad Historiam Europeam”, and then personally checked the accuracy of the translation. Peter the Great commanded that the artillery Lieutenant-Captain V.N. Tatishchev began to write a work in geography, and then in the history of Russia. In turn, the author of the article shows that the works of S. Pufendorf had a serious impact on the formation of V.N. Tatishchev’s scientific worldview. Comparative analysis of the historical and philosophical works of Pufendorf and Tatishchev allows us to trace the intellectual process set by Peter I: the process of penetration of rationalistic methods of thinking and cognition into the Russian national worldview.