bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sport, Heroes, and Celebrities
Authors: Smart Barry 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Throughout history outstanding participants in competitive sport have acquired special status and been revered in their communities. The focus in this chapter will fall on modern sport, the respects in which commercialization and developments in communications media have transformed professional sport and the identity, status, and lives of athletes. Today, fame and star status are rapidly acquired, and athletes often are seen as heroes and treated as celebrities. Particular consideration will be given in this chapter to the meaning of heroism in sport and the rise of the sporting celebrity. Given the highly commercialized, media-saturated sports industry in which achievements are amplified and athletes receive very significant financial rewards, the chapter also considers in what respects, if at all, it is appropriate to regard high-profile, successful sporting figures as heroes.
Sport, Values, and Character
Authors: Loland Sigmund 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter defines and discusses values in and of sports and the potential in and of sport in developing moral character. It distinguishes between internal values in terms of experiential qualities in sporting practice and external values toward which sport is used as a means. Another distinction runs between moral and nonmoral values, and the chapter concentrates on the former. With examples from the social sciences, it discusses the diversity of values in and of sport and how this diversity can be understood with reference to the social and cultural contexts in which sports take place. From the perspective of philosophy and ethics, the possibility of common value patterns in all sports and of weighing between values in rational ways is evaluated. In the last part, an overview is given of two current normative debates in sports: the use of performance-enhancing drugs and the requirements on sports for sustainable development. The chapter concludes by pointing to sport’s normative ambiguity.
Sport, Diplomacy, and Rapprochement
Authors: Murray Stuart 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As an effective tool for lasting, treaty-bound rapprochement in the relationships between warring parties, states, or adversaries, sport has had a mixed track record. Just as sport can bring estranged people and nations closer together, it can also drive them further apart. In some cases, sporting contests or events act as preludes to conflict, covers for hard-power actions, and platforms for the dissemination of antidiplomatic slogans, actions, and behaviors. In order to promote the positive relationships between sport and rapprochement, a “new” area of grand, abstract theory and practice is described in this chapter: sports diplomacy. This new term describes an old practice: the strategic use of sport to bring strangers closer together, overcome xenophobia, and, ergo, mitigate and ideally eliminate the conditions that often lead to conflict.
The BILAG2004-Pregnancy Index is a valid disease activity outcome measure for pregnant SLE patients
Authors: Yee Chee-Seng , Khamashta Munther , Akil Mohammed , Kilding Rachael , Giles Ian , Williams David , Bruce Ian N , Gordon Caroline 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study was to determine whether the BILAG2004-Pregnancy Index (BILAG2004-P) has construct/criterion validity and is sensitive to change.

Methods
This was an observational multicentre study that recruited pregnant SLE patients. Data were collected on disease activity [using the BILAG2004-P and Physician Global Assessment (PGA)], investigations and therapy at each assessment. The overall BILAG2004-P score as determined by the highest score achieved by any system was used in the analysis. Cross-sectional analysis was used for construct and criterion validity. The comparison was with C3, C4 and anti-dsDNA for construct validity, while it was with change in therapy and PGA in criterion validity. Sensitivity to change was assessed by determining the relationship between the change in BILAG2004-P and the change in therapy between two consecutive visits.

Results
A total of 97 patients with 112 pregnancies were recruited. There were 610 assessments available for construct/criterion validity analysis (98.2% of pregnancies had more than one assessment) and 497 observations for sensitivity to change analysis. Increasing BILAG2004-P scores were associated with low C3. The active BILAG2004-P score (grade A or B) was associated with an increase in therapy and the PGA of active disease. There was an increasing likelihood of higher overall scores with an increase in therapy and the PGA of active disease. In the sensitivity to change analysis, an increase in the BILAG2004-P score was associated with an increase in therapy and inversely associated with a decrease in therapy. A decrease in the BILAG2004-P score was associated with a decrease in therapy and inversely associated with an increase in therapy.

Conclusion
The BILAG2004-P has criterion validity and is sensitive to change.
Quality of reporting and adherence to the ARRIVE guidelines 2.0 for preclinical degradable metal research in animal models of bone defect and fracture: a systematic review
Authors: Ding Fengxing , Hu Kaiyan , Liu Xia , Liu Chen , Yang Jinwei , Shi Xinli , Liu Bin , Wu Mei , Wang Zhe , Feng Liyuan , Zhang Jiazhen , Ma Bin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In vivo testing is crucial for the evaluation of orthopedic implant efficacy and safety. However, the translation and reproducibility of preclinical animal experiments are not always satisfactory, and reporting quality is among the essential factors that ensure appropriate delivery of information. In this study, we assessed the reporting quality of in vivo investigations that examined the use of degradable metal materials in fracture or bone defect repair. We employed scientific databases, such as PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang, VIP and Sinomed to screen for in vivo investigations on fracture or bone defect repair using degradable metal materials, and extracted both epidemiological and main characteristics of eligible studies, and assessed their reporting quality using the ARRIVE guidelines 2.0. Overall, 263 publications were selected, including 275 animal experiments. The overall coincidence rate of Essential 10 (22 sub-items) and Recommended Set (16 sub-items) were 42.0% and 41.5%, respectively. Based on our analysis, the reporting quality of the published in vivo investigations examining fracture/bone defect repair with degradable metal materials was low, and there was a lack of transparent, accurate and comprehensive reporting on key elements of the experimental design and other elements that are meant to avoid bias.
When publication metrics become the fetish: The research evaluation systems’ relationship with academic work engagement and burnout
Authors: Kulikowski Konrad , Przytuła Sylwia , Sułkowski Łukasz 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this article, we focused on the nature of the relationship between research evaluation systems that are based on metrics and those that are based on a critical comprehensive judgment of scientific content with researchers’ burnout and work engagement. The research was conducted on a sample of 1,191 Polish researchers in the context of a highly metricized research evaluation system. Our contribution to the field of research evaluation is fourfold. First, we provide empirical support for the recent call for more nuanced views on publication metrics in research evaluation, showing that evaluations lacking in the judgment of scientific content are associated with higher demands and lower job resources. Second, our study focuses the attention of various policymakers on the fact that performance measurement should not be confused with performance management and that thoughtless use of performance publication metrics might lead to research performance deterioration instead of improvement. Third, our findings illustrate the tensions between different views on publication metrics as means of research evaluation; this tension might be observed among researchers and their supervisors but also within the research community as a whole. Fourth, our article may inspire further research of evaluation systems, as we design measures of demands and resources generated by the evaluation system based on Job Demands-Resources theory. Moreover, based on the Leiden Manifesto and Royal Society Resume for researchers, we have validated an evaluation based on a judgment scale that might be used in further research and practical settings to audit research evaluation systems.
Tertiary lymphoid structures: Associated multiple immune cells and analysis their formation in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Nie Ye , Fan Hanlu , Li Jianhui , Lei Xinjun , Zhang Tianchen , Wang Yanfang , Mao Zhenzhen , Tao Kaishan , Song Wenjie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe prognostic value of immune cells in tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) remains unclear in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, 59 of 145 patients had TLSs in training set, 48 of 120 patients had TLSs in testing set. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to label CD3+ T cells, CD20+ B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD208+ dendritic cells, and CD21+ follicular dendritic cells in TLSs. High CD20+, CD208+, and CD8+ cell densities were favorable prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). High CD3+, CD20+, CD208+, and CD8+ cell densities were significantly associated with reduced early recurrence. TLSs were divided into three grades (A, B, and C) based on immune cell density. Patients with grade C or B had significantly improved OS. Patients with grade C had the lowest recurrence rate, followed by those with grade B, while patients with grade A had the highest recurrence rate. The stromal, immune, and ESTIMATE scores derived from the ESTIMATE package were significantly higher and tumor purity was significantly lower in patients with TLSs. Patients with TLSs had significantly higher relative numbers of memory B cells, plasma cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells and lower relative numbers of Treg cells, macrophages, and M2 macrophages according to the CIBERSORT assessment. Bioinformatics analysis and experiments confirmed that KLRK1 and GZMA expression are associated TLSs formation and can predict TLSs existence. Grade B and grade C were favorable prognostic factors for OS and recurrence and could represent immune‐active tumors.
Rtr1 is required for Rpb1‐Rpb2 assembly of RNAPII and prevents their cytoplasmic clump formation
Authors: Ma Lujie , Wang Le , Gao Mengdi , Zhang Xinjie , Zhao Xiangdong , Xie Debao , Zhang Jing , Wang Zhen , Hou Lifeng , Zeng Fanli 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is an essential machinery for catalyzing mRNA synthesis and controlling cell fate in eukaryotes. Although the structure and function of RNAPII have been relatively defined, the molecular mechanism of its assembly process is not clear. The identification and functional analysis of assembly factors will provide new understanding to transcription regulation. In this study, we identify that RTR1, a known transcription regulator, is a new multicopy genetic suppressor of mutants of assembly factors Gpn3, Gpn2, and Rba50. We demonstrate that Rtr1 is directly required to assemble the two largest subunits of RNAPII by coordinating with Gpn3 and Npa3. Deletion of RTR1 leads to cytoplasmic clumping of RNAPII subunit and multiple copies of RTR1 can inhibit the formation of cytoplasmic clump of RNAPII subunit in gpn3‐9 mutant, indicating a new layer function of Rtr1 in checking proper assembly of RNAPII. In addition, we find that disrupted activity of Rtr1 phosphatase does not trigger the formation of cytoplasmic clump of RNAPII subunit in a catalytically inactive mutant of RTR1. Based on these results, we conclude that Rtr1 cooperates with Gpn3 and Npa3 to assemble RNAPII core.
Exploring Environmental Factors Contributing to Fluid Loss in Diapers Placed in Neonatal Incubators
Authors: Jones-Hepler Bonnie , Silva Susan , Elmore Kristen , Vance Ashlee , Harney Jane , Brandon Debra 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
Assessing fluid output for infants in the neonatal intensive care unit is essential to understanding fluid and electrolyte balance. Wet diaper weights are used as standard practice to quantify fluid output; yet, diaper changes are intrusive and physiologically distressing. Less frequent diaper changes may have physiologic benefits but could alter diaper weights following extended intervals.

Methods:
This pilot study examined the impact of initial diaper fluid volume, incubator air temperature and humidity, and diaper brand on wet diaper weight over time. Baseline fluid volume was instilled, and then diapers were placed in a neonatal incubator. Wet diaper weight was assessed longitudinally to determine changes in fluid volume over time. A factorial design with repeated measures (baseline, 3 hours, and 6 hours) was used to explore the effects of diaper brand (brand 1 vs brand 2), baseline fluid volume (3 mL vs 5 mL), and incubator temperature (28°C vs 36°C) and humidity (40% vs 80%) on the trajectory of weight in 80 diapers.

Results:
Wet diaper weight was significantly reduced over 6 hours (P < .005). However, wet diaper weight increased in 80% humidity, but decreased in the 40% humidity over time (P < .0001). Baseline fluid volume, incubator temperature, and diaper brand did not influence wet diaper weight over time (all P > .05).

Implications:
Understanding environmental factors that influence the trajectory of wet diaper weight may support clinicians in optimizing the interval for neonatal diaper changes to balance the impact of intrusive care with need to understand fluid volume loss.
Spin in the Abstracts of Meta-analyses and Systematic Reviews: Midshaft Clavicle Fracture
Authors: Gulbrandsen Matthew T. , Filler Ryan J. , Rice Richard Casey , Chung Jun Ho , Gulbrandsen Trevor R. , Phipatanakul Wesley P. , Liu Joseph N. 
Published: October 2022

Objectives:
Spin is a reporting bias that presents the beneficial effect of an experimental treatment as greater than what is found in the results of the study. This bias can result in patient care recommendations that are more subjective than objective. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of spin in meta-analysis and systematic review abstracts regarding treatment of midshaft clavicle fractures.

Methods:
Electronic libraries (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were systematically searched. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews regarding treatment of midshaft clavicular fractures were analyzed. The 9 most severe types of spin commonly found in abstracts were used as an evaluation tool to assess the articles. Other variables analyzed include year of publication, journal impact factor, number of citations, and methodologic quality according to A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2.

Results:
The database search resulted in 401 articles, of which 53 met inclusion criteria. After review, it was found that 52.8% (28/53) of the included articles contained spin within the abstract. Of the 9 most severe types of spin found in abstracts, type 3 spin (“selective reporting of or overemphasis on efficacy outcomes or analysis favoring the beneficial effect of the experimental intervention”) was found to be the most prevalent 28.3% (15/53).

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated the presence of spin in the majority of meta-analyses and systematic review abstracts pertaining to midshaft clavicular fractures. Orthopaedic surgeons should be aware and recognize spin as they review articles when deciding the treatment course for such injuries.
Epidemiology of ICU-Onset Bloodstream Infection: Prevalence, Pathogens, and Risk Factors Among 150,948 ICU Patients at 85 U.S. Hospitals*
Authors: Gouel-Cheron Aurelie , Swihart Bruce J. , Warner Sarah , Mathew Lauren , Strich Jeffrey R. , Mancera Alex , Follmann Dean , Kadri Sameer S. 
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Bloodstream infections (BSIs) acquired in the ICU represent a detrimental yet potentially preventable condition. We determined the prevalence of BSI acquired in the ICU (ICU-onset BSI), pathogen profile, and associated risk factors.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

DATA SOURCES:
Eighty-five U.S. hospitals in the Cerner Healthfacts Database.

PATIENT SELECTION:
Adult hospitalizations between January 2009 and December 2015 including a (≥ 3 d) ICU stay.

DATA EXTRACTION AND DATA SYNTHESIS:
Prevalence of ICU-onset BSI (between ICU Day 3 and ICU discharge) and associated pathogen and antibiotic resistance distributions were compared with BSI present on (ICU) admission (ICU-BSIPOA); and BSI present on ICU admission day or Day 2. Cox models identified risk factors for ICU-onset BSI among host, care setting, and treatment-related factors. Among 150,948 ICU patients, 5,600 (3.7%) had ICU-BSIPOA and 1,306 (0.9%) had ICU-onset BSI. Of those with ICU-BSIPOA, 4,359 (77.8%) were admitted to ICU at hospital admission day. Patients with ICU-onset BSI (vs ICU-BSIPOA) displayed higher crude mortality of 37.9% (vs 20.4%) (p < 0.001) and longer median (interquartile range) length of stay of 13 days (8–23 d) (vs 5 d [3–8 d]) (p < 0.001) (considering all ICU stay). Compared with ICU-BSIPOA, ICU-onset BSI displayed more Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Enterococcus, Candida, and Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species, and more methicillin-resistant staphylococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, ceftriaxone-resistant Enterobacter, and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and Acinetobacter species, respectively. Being younger, male, Black, Hispanic, having greater comorbidity burden, sepsis, trauma, acute pulmonary or gastrointestinal presentations, and pre-ICU exposure to antibacterial and antifungal agents was associated with greater ICU-onset BSI risk after adjusted analysis. Mixed ICUs (vs medical or surgical ICUs) and urban and small/medium rural hospitals were also associated with greater ICU-onset BSI risk. The associated risk of acquiring ICU-onset BSI manifested with any duration of mechanical ventilation and 7 days after insertion of central venous or arterial catheters.

CONCLUSIONS:
ICU-onset BSI is a serious condition that displays a unique pathogen and resistance profile compared with ICU-BSIPOA. Further scrutiny of modifiable risk factors for ICU-onset BSI may inform control strategies.
Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) Clinical Normative Data for Gulf War Veterans
Authors: Reinhard Matthew J. , Allen Nathaniel , Crock Lucas E. , McCarron Kelly K. , Veltkamp Gladys M. , Brewster Ryan C. 
Published: October 2022

Objective
Heterogenous test batteries and methods applied in neurocognitive research on Gulf War Veterans (GWVs) limit the translation of findings to clinical practice. A clinical data set is necessary.

Methods
Neurocognitive screening data from treatment-seeking GWVs were collected from multiple sites and compiled, informed by consideration of performance validity.

Results
Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status scores revealed the cognitive profile for GWVs (n = 189) as poorer across multiple domains when compared with similarly educated, nonveteran peers. However, mean scores generally remained within normal clinical limits. Data tables are presented to establish a comparison group for use in clinical care.

Conclusions
When assessing cognitive symptoms in GWVs, attention to education level and interpretation of subtle deficits is warranted. Current results highlight the importance of nuanced translation of neurocognitive research findings into clinical practice with GWVs.
Facilitating Mental Health Treatment Through Proactive Screening and Concierge Services in the Workplace
Authors: Fragala Maren S. , Tong Carmen H. , Hunter Jennifer L. , Jelovic Nicole A. , Hayward Joanna I. , Carr Susan , Kim Paul M. , Peters Matthew E. , Birse Charles E. 
Published: October 2022

Objective
The aim of this study is to determine if a proactive employer-sponsored mental health program closed gaps in detection and treatment of mental health conditions.

Methods
Of n = 56,442 eligible, n = 8170 (14.5%) participated in the optional screening. Participants with mental health risk were offered care concierge services including support, care planning, and connection to care. Difference in behavioral health care utilization, diagnoses, and prescriptions were evaluated postintervention through claims analysis.

Results
Compared with controls (n = 2433), those receiving concierge services (n = 369) were more likely to fill mental health prescriptions (adjusted hazards ratio [HR], 1.2; 1.0–1.5; P = 0.042), use professional mental health services (adjusted HR, 1.4; 1.1–1.8; P = 0.02), and use new mental health services (adjusted HR, 1.9; 1.2–2.8; P = 0.004) in the following 6 months.

Conclusions
This proactive mental health program with care concierge services identified risk, connected individuals to mental health care, and facilitated mental health treatment, among program participants.
A nurse practitioner–led telehealth protocol to improve diabetes outcomes in primary care
Authors: Momin Rashmi P. , Kobeissi Mahrokh M. , Casarez Rebecca L. , Khawaja Mubarak 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Diabetes-related complications contribute to a costly health burden in the United States. Telehealth (TH) is a tool that can increase access to care and offer ongoing support for chronic disease self-management.

Local Problem:
A primary care practice in Texas needed a method to manage an influx of patients with uncontrolled diabetes and improve type 2 diabetes outcomes using nurse practitioner (NP) TH appointments.

Methods:
Thirty patients meeting inclusion criteria participated in monthly TH check-ins and followed monthly for 3 months. Baseline and postintervention diabetes laboratory studies (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], estimated glomerular filtration rate, and microalbumin) were collected.

Interventions:
During each monthly TH visit, an NP-led diabetes TH QI protocol was implemented. The Telehealth Usability Questionnaire was administered to patients after the 3-month intervention.

Results:
The TH QI protocol resulted in an overall ∼1% reduction in HbA1c. Over 73% of participants experienced various reductions of HbA1c, of which 2.3% achieved a postintervention HbA1c <7%, indicating controlled diabetes. Kidney function indicated by eGFR improved by 7 ml/min/1.73 m2 in 83% of participating patients. At the end of the 3-month intervention, 84% of participants expressed overall satisfaction with TH appointments.

Conclusions:
Interventions using TH to improve chronic disease may be useful in diabetes outcomes and self-management. Monthly TH visits can improve patient outcomes, reduce complications, and enhance the patient–provider relationship. Preventive self-care activities and long-term use of TH visits for self-management are implications for future studies.