bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redox‐ and pH‐Responsive Water‐Soluble Flexible Organic Frameworks Realize Synergistic Tumor Photodynamic and Chemotherapeutic Therapy
Authors: Feng Yuxin , Long Yan , Guo Jiahe , Yang Xiaofan , Song Heng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWater‐soluble 3D polymers with inherent nanoscale pores have been shown to be ideal platforms for the inclusion and delivery of drugs and hold a great promise as biocompatible materials for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Herein, a low cytotoxic water‐soluble flexible organic framework FOF‐S6 with a hydrodynamic diameter of about 127.5 nm is synthesized through the formation of a hydrazone bond from a semirigid tetraaldehyde and a flexible biacylhydrazines which contains a disulfide bond (1:2). FOF‐S6 has the ability to dissociate and release inclusion complexes in response to weakly acidic media and glutathione (GSH) overexpressed in tumor cells. More importantly, a facile strategy is developed to contain and deliver aggregation‐induced emission photosensitizers (AIE PS, TBD‐DQA‐540) and chemotherapeutic drugs (Doxorubicin hydrochloride, DOX). DOX‐PS@FOF‐S6 is synthesized by a one‐pot method, which can realize efficient photo‐chemotherapy under the guidance of fluorescence imaging, thereby improving the multidrug resistance of tumor cells and the instability of photosensitizers, so as to improve the tumor treatment efficacy.
Perspectives in the vaccine development against Opisthorchis viverrini liver fluke
Authors: Shalash Ahmed O. , Skwarczynski Mariusz , Toth Istvan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLiver flukes, Opisthorchis viverrini, infect around 10 million individuals in Southeast Asia, alone, and cause 26,000 deaths in the region per year. Despite being classified as a Group 1 carcinogen, and presenting one of the leading causes of cholangiocarcinoma in epidemic areas, O. viverrini infection is a neglected tropical disease. Control measures were implemented in epidemic areas to limit the outspread of infection; however, prophylactic vaccines are urgently needed to protect against future reinfections. This holds especially true due to the limited curative efficacy of the approved anthelmintic drug. In this article, we have briefly summarized the recently reported information regarding hepatobiliary cancer pathogenesis, approved treatment, and control measures against infection. Further, we highlighted the progress in the identification of protective antigens against Opisthorchiasis and proposed the investigation of additional promising antigens relying on vaccine progress against related infectious parasites. We highlighted the relative efficacies of the developed preclinical vaccines, suggested alternative vaccine designs and combinations, and commented on the required immunological responses. Moreover, we also reviewed biomaterials used in vaccine delivery against O. viverrini infections, summarized all the reported vaccine design approaches against the disease, and provided future perspectives regarding vaccine development, the utilization of biomaterials, and the discovery of highly protective antigens.
A novel variant in the HX repeat motif of ATN1 in a Chinese patient with CHEDDA syndrome and literature review
Authors: Luo Sukun , Hu Yanqiu , Xiong Ping , Tan Li , Zhao Peiwei , Huang Yufeng , Xiao Cuiping , Zhu Hongmin , He Xuelian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCHEDDA syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental syndrome caused by heterozygous missense or indel variants in the HX repeat motif of ATN1 gene. To date, CHEDDA has been identified in a few ethnic groups, and only 17 patients have been reported in literature, and no case has been reported in any country or region in Asia.MethodsTrio‐exome sequencing (Trio‐ES) examination was conducted in a Chinese girl with global developmental delay and in her parents. Sanger sequencing was performed to confirm the candidate variant.ResultsThis patient presented with mental and motor developmental delay, speech delay, and mild dysmorphic facial features, and had no epilepsy and visual impairment. Brain MRI did not show obvious structural abnormality. Through ES we identified a novel and de novo variant, c.3176_c.3177insGCACCT (p.Ser1059_His1060insHisLeu), within the HX motif of ATN1. No other pathogenic variant in another gene was found to support an alternative clinical and molecular diagnosis.ConclusionsThis is the first described case of CHEDDA from China. Together with the available literature data, we found that either disruption of HX motif or alteration of the HX repeat number would lead to ATN1‐associated CHEDDA. We also noted that CHEDDA is a clinical heterogenous syndrome, and patients carrying the same or similar variant might have different clinical manifestations and prognosis.
Discrete exterior calculus for photonic crystal waveguides
Authors: Mönkölä Sanna , Räty Joona 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe discrete exterior calculus (DEC) is very promising, though not yet widely used, discretization method for photonic crystal (PC) waveguides. It can be seen as a generalization of the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The DEC enables efficient time evolution by construction and fits well for nonhomogeneous computational domains and obstacles of curved surfaces. These properties are typically present in applications of PC waveguides that are constructed as periodic structures of inhomogeneities in a computational domain. We present a two‐dimensional DEC discretization for PC waveguides and demonstrate it with a selection of numerical experiments typical in the application area. We also make a numerical comparison of the method with the FDTD method that is a mainstream method for simulating PC structures. Numerical results demonstrate the advantages of the DEC method.
Development of generic student engagement scale in higher education: An application on healthcare students
Authors: Li Shuang , Kwok Stephen Wai Hang , Siu Summer Cho Ngan , Chung Jessie Yuk Seng , Lam Hemio Chung Yan , Tsang Eva Yuen Mei , Li Kam Cheong , Yeung Joanna Wing Yan , Lam Simon Ching 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimStudent engagement is an important factor to the success of higher education. This study aimed to develop a Generic Student Engagement Scale (GSES) for face‐to‐face and online learning.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional psychometric study.MethodsWe tested the psychometric properties of GSES in 451 students at the school of nursing and health studies undertaking online and face‐to‐face learning at a local university in Hong Kong between 2016 and 2018.ResultsContent validity, face validity and test–retest reliability of GSES were satisfactory. The 29‐item GSES contains five factors “self‐regulated learning,” “cognitive strategy use,” “experienced emotion,” “teacher–student interaction,” and “enjoyment of school life” with the good model fit. The GSES is a reliable and valid psychometric instrument to measure student engagement in face‐to‐face and online learning among undergraduates and higher diploma students. Our results implied that student engagement can be assessed in routine or research by using our instrument.
Easing the transition from nurse clinician to nurse educator in Ghana: Exploring novice nurse educators' perspectives
Authors: Laari Timothy Tienbia , Apiribu Felix , Mensah Adwoa Bemah Boamah , Dzomeku Veronica Millicent , Amooba Philemon Adoliwine 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo explore novice nurse educators' perspectives on easing the transition from nurse clinician to nurse educator in Ghana.DesignA descriptive qualitative study.MethodsIn total, 12 novice nurse educators (NNEs) were recruited from three health training institutions in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Between June and August 2020, individual in‐depth interviews were conducted using a semi‐structured interview guide. The audio‐recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed manually using thematic analysis.ResultsFour themes emerged: mentoring, orientation to educator role, pedagogical preparation and postgraduate studies. To ease the transition, NNEs stressed on developing individual mentoring programmes to mentor novices before they start to teach. They endorsed the development of college‐specific orientation programmes to orientate novices before they assume full teaching roles. Participants also urged nurse clinicians to obtain pedagogical preparation and postgraduate degree before moving into academia or immediately after being employed.
Question banks for effective online assessments in introductory science courses
Authors: Krzic Maja , Brown Sandra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe transition of our large (∼300 student) introductory soil science course to the online setting created several challenges, including engaging first‐ and second‐year students, providing meaningful hands‐on learning activities, and setting up online exams. The objective of this paper is to describe the development and use of question banks for online exams and other forms of assessment in an introductory soil science course. Use of question banks for the development of the online exams, especially in large classes, may be advantageous due to time saving features such as automatic marking of quiz style questions, the ability to easily setup practice exams, and question randomization to reduce the risk of misconduct. Instructors should keep in mind that questions in the question banks should be aligned with course learning outcomes, and organized by theme and level of difficulty. Through a case study of this course, we hope to provide lessons learned which may be applicable to other large introductory science courses.
Targeting the β2‐adrenergic receptor increases chemosensitivity in multiple myeloma by induction of apoptosis and modulating cancer cell metabolism
Authors: Satilmis Hatice , Verheye Emma , Vlummens Philip , Oudaert Inge , Vandewalle Niels , Fan Rong , Knight Jennifer M , De Beule Nathan , Ates Gamze , Massie Ann , Moreaux Jerome , Maes Anke , De Bruyne Elke , Vanderkerken Karin , Menu Eline , Sloan Erica K , De Veirman Kim 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhile multi‐drug combinations and continuous treatment have become standard for multiple myeloma, the disease remains incurable. Repurposing drugs that are currently used for other indications could provide a novel approach to improve the therapeutic efficacy of standard multiple myeloma treatments. Here, we assessed the anti‐tumor effects of cardiac drugs called β‐blockers as a single agent and in combination with commonly used anti‐myeloma therapies. Expression of the β2‐adrenergic receptor correlated with poor survival outcomes in patients with multiple myeloma. Targeting the β2‐adrenergic receptor (β2AR) using either selective or non‐selective β‐blockers reduced multiple myeloma cell viability, and induced apoptosis and autophagy. Blockade of the β2AR modulated cancer cell metabolism by reducing the mitochondrial respiration as well as the glycolytic activity. These effects were not observed by blockade of β1‐adrenergic receptors. Combining β2AR blockade with the chemotherapy drug melphalan or the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib significantly increased apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells. These data identify the therapeutic potential of β2AR‐blockers as a complementary or additive approach in multiple myeloma treatment and support the future clinical evaluation of non‐selective β‐blockers in a randomized controlled trial. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Imaging of pediatric bone tumors: A COG Diagnostic Imaging Committee/SPR Oncology Committee White Paper
Authors: Cederberg Kevin B. , Iyer Ramesh S. , Chaturvedi Apeksha , McCarville M. B. , McDaniel Janice D. , Sandberg Jesse K. , Shammas Amer , Sharp Susan E. , Nadel Helen R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMalignant primary bone tumors are uncommon in the pediatric population, accounting for 3%–5% of all pediatric malignancies. Osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma comprise 90% of malignant primary bone tumors in children and adolescents. This paper provides consensus‐based recommendations for imaging in children with osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma at diagnosis, during therapy, and after therapy.
Synergistic effect of hybrid hydroxylated boron nitride and cellulose nanocrystals for enhancing the thermal, mechanical, and hydrophobic properties of composite film
Authors: Sathwane Manoj , Chhajed Monika , Verma Chhavi , Gaikwad Kirtiraj K. , Maji Pradip K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHybrid composite films are largely preferred over neat films because of their superior thermal, mechanical, chemical, and hydrophobic properties. The hybrid composite film has a wide range of use, including space, defense, electronics, packaging, and engineering applications. Fabricating multifunctional hybrid composite films with biodegradable polymer and biodegradable filler such as cellulose nanocrystals has become popular in recent years as an alternative to conventional plastics. In this paper, hybrid hydroxylated boron nitride (BN) nanoparticles with CNC nano‐filer reinforced composite PVA films were fabricated. The obtained composite films were characterized for morphological, chemical, physical, thermal, and hydrophobic properties. The morphological analysis indicates that the hybrid nano‐filler was well dispersed in the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix. The reaction and hydrogen bond interactions between CNC and BN in composite films are confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and x‐ray diffraction pattern. The contact angle method is used to confirm the enhancement of the hydrophobic property. The physical properties of the composite films and neat PVA film were analyzed by tensile test method using a universal testing machine. The thermal stability of the neat PVA film and the composite films were analyzed by the thermo‐gravimetric analysis method. The effect of hybridization of nanoparticles on the thermal, mechanical, and hydrophobic properties was studied. The hybrid composite film with enhanced properties allows it for multifunctional applications.
Quality of rheumatoid arthritis recording in United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum
Authors: Vasilakis‐Scaramozza Catherine , Hagberg Katrina Wilcox , Persson Rebecca , Yelland Eleanor , Williams Tim , Myles Puja , Jick Susan S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeWhile several studies have assessed quality and completeness of recording acute medical events in Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum, evaluation of additional chronic conditions is warranted.MethodsWe selected patients with a first diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) coded in their CPRD Aurum record between 2005 and 2019. We assessed quality of RA diagnosis by evaluating additional information in the patient record that would corroborate the diagnosis. We report recording of diagnoses, prescriptions, labs, and referrals expected to be present based on NICE guidelines for RA management.ResultsThere were 53 083 patients with a first recorded RA diagnosis during the study period: 43606 (82%) patients had RA drug treatments in their record, 7596 (14%) had supporting codes without drug treatment, and 1881 (4%) patients had only a RA diagnoses recorded in their medical record with no supporting codes or RA treatments. Patients with RA diagnosis only were more likely to be first diagnosed in the earliest time period of study. Labs for diagnosing and monitoring RA were most common among patients with RA treatment. Analgesic and glucocorticoid prescriptions were common in all study patients but were highest among patients with RA treatment. Among patients with RA diagnosis only, the overwhelming majority had only one RA diagnosis recorded (76%).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that codes expected for monitoring and treatment of RA are routinely recorded in CPRD Aurum. These results support previous assessments, which found data recorded in CPRD Aurum to be of good quality for use in research.
Extruded polymer instability study of the polylactic acid in fused filament fabrication process: Printing speed effects on tensile strength
Authors: Akhoundi Behnam , Hajami Faramarz 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) processes have allowed the building of complex parts and objects with favorable geometric shapes without the need for fabricating special tools. In AM, objects are built layer by layer. Advantages include the possibility of forming complex shapes, reduced waste, no special requirements, and so forth. A critical parameter to consider in AM technologies is the processing (printing) speed, which, if increased, can reduce production (printing) time and expenses. Thus, speeding up the production time in AM has always been paramount. In recent years, fused filament fabrication (FFF) has been extensively developed due to straightforward processing, reliability, and ability to build complex objects and parts from thermoplastic materials. In addition to simplicity, this method has some shortcomings, including low printing speed and instability during the rasters deposition when speeding up the printing process, which is investigated in this study. The results showed that the nozzle height from the work‐piece surface and nozzle diameter play a critical role in the process instability. Additionally, there is a critical limit in the formation of molten instability independent of the printing speed. Furthermore, the effect of printing speed on tensile strength was investigated. The results showed that optimizing the nozzle temperature and the extra extrusion multiplier allows printing a high‐quality part having optimum tensile and mechanical properties by the maximum printing speed.
Advances in laser powder bed fusion thanks to beam shaping
Authors: Bayol Julien , Pallier Gwenn 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCailabs have designed a reconfigurable beam shaper dedicated to the laser powder bed fusion process that is able to produce an ellipse, ring or round top‐hat beam profile in the processing plane. This study highlights the potential of beam shaping to improve the quality and productivity of the additive manufacturing process. Using a machine which was not initially able to print Inconel 939, the round top‐hat shape made it possible with a large scan speed process window.
The relative favorability of placing substituents ortho or para in the cationic intermediate for electrophilic aromatic substitution
Authors: Rablen Paul R. , Yett Ariana 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRegioselectivity in electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) is partly governed by how well a preexisting substituent stabilizes or destabilizes the cationic intermediate formed by addition of an electrophile. Such intermediates were modeled computationally (G4) by adding a proton ortho, meta, or para to an existing substituent on a benzene ring. The effect of a meta substituent depends on the electronic character, as measured by the Hammett substituent constant σm or, better yet, σ+m. Similarly, the effect of a para or ortho substituent correlates with σ+p (= σ+). However, the influence of a substituent at the para position is 10% stronger than at the ortho position. Frontier molecular orbital arguments rationalize this observation. Consequently, the ortho:para product ratio in EAS is expected to depend, at least in part, on σ+p, with greater electron‐donating character associated with a greater preference for para over ortho. The ortho‐substituted cationic intermediate can even be favored over both meta and para if the electron‐withdrawing character is sufficient to favor ortho over para but insufficient to favor meta over either. This phenomenon is observed to occur in at least some cases when the quantity σ+p–σm falls between –0.5 and 0.
International collaboration for assessing unmet needs of cancer survivors and family caregivers: Lens of healthcare professionals
Authors: Kim Youngmee , Ting Amanda , Carver Charles S. , Bahcivan Ozan , Bergerot Cristiane Decat , Csaba Degi , Estape Tania , Fujisawa Daisuke , Goswami Savita S. , Tak Lam Wendy Wing , Parvu Andrada , Shim Eun‐Jung , Serpentini Samantha , Takeuchi Emi , Wang Ashley 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveCancer patients and their family caregivers have reported various needs that are not met. Recognition of the unmet needs by healthcare professionals may be a first step to adequately and systematically addressing them. Thus, the International Psycho‐Oncology Society Survivorship Online Survey was developed to measure healthcare professionals' evaluation about the unmet needs of their patients and family caregivers around the globe.MethodsThe survey was developed in English and translated to additional 14 different languages. The survey was distributed on the web‐based REDCap application to over 50 psycho‐oncology societies and their networking platforms as well as social media and to authors who have published in psycho‐oncology journals globally.ResultsA total of 1472 participants from 36 countries at least partially completed the survey. Healthcare professionals evaluated needs for managing one's emotional distress and patients' medical care and symptoms as the most common concerns for both patients and their family caregivers across all patient age groups. Less than two‐thirds of the participating healthcare professionals reported that their institution had services or programs to address the needs of the patients or caregivers.ConclusionsFindings suggest several directions for further analyses to provide more specific information that would be readily translated into clinical practices, research, and policy aimed to enhance the quality of life of cancer patients, survivors, and family caregivers around the globe. In addition, this collaborative effort also hints at the importance of establishing international networks to promote equity in care for people touched by cancer worldwide.
ArtiaX: An electron tomography toolbox for the interactive handling of sub‐tomograms in UCSF ChimeraX
Authors: Ermel Utz H. , Arghittu Serena M. , Frangakis Achilleas S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCryo‐electron tomography analysis involves the selection of macromolecular complexes to be used for subsequent sub‐tomogram averaging and structure determination. Here, we describe a plugin developed for UCSF ChimeraX that allows for the display, selection, and editing of particles within tomograms. Positions and orientations of selected particles can be manually set, modified and inspected in real time, both on screen and in virtual reality, and exported to various file formats. The plugin allows for the parallel visualization of particles stored in several meta data lists, in the context of any three‐dimensional image that can be opened with UCSF ChimeraX. The particles are rendered in user‐defined colors or using colormaps, such that individual classes or groups of particles, cross‐correlation coefficients, or other types of information can be highlighted to the user. The implemented functions are fast, reliable, and intuitive, exploring the broad range of features in UCSF ChimeraX. They allow for a fluent human–machine interaction, which enables an effective understanding of the sub‐tomogram processing pipeline, even for non‐specialist users.