bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra and Interobserver Reliability of the New Classification System of Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity
Authors: Young Lee Hee , Mansur Nacime S. , Lalevée Matthieu , Dibbern Kevin N. , Myerson Mark S. , Ellis Scott J. , Femino John E. , de Cesar Netto Cesar 
Published: April 2022

Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: Historical concept of flatfoot as posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) has been questioned. Recently, the consensus group published a new classification system and recommended renaming PTTD to Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity (PCFD). The new PCFD classification could be effective in providing comprehensive information on the deformity. To date, there has been no study reporting intra- and interobserver reliability and the frequency of each class in PCFD classification. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective study conducted from prospectively collected registry data. A consecutive cohort of PCFD patients evaluated from February 2015 to October 2020 was included, consisting of 92 feet in 84 patients. Classification of each patient was made utilizing characteristic clinical and radiographic findings by three independent observers. Frequencies of each class and subclass were assessed. Intraobserver and interobserver reliabilities were analyzed with Cohen's Kappa and Fleiss' kappa, respectively. Results: Mean sample age was 54.4, 38% was male and 62% were female. 1ABC (25.4%) was most common subclass followed by 1AC (8.7%) and 1ABCD (6.9%). Only small percentage of patients had isolated deformity. Class A was the most frequent component (89.5%), followed by C in 86.2% of the cases. Moderate interobserver reliability (Fleiss` Kappa=0.561, p<0.001, 95% CI 0.528-0.594) was found for overall classification. Very good intraobserver reliability was found (Cohen`s Kappa=0.851, P<0.001, 95% CI 0.777-0.926). Conclusion: Predominantly, 49.3% of patients had a presentation dominantly involving the hindfoot (A) with various combinations of midfoot and/or forefoot deformity (B), (C) with or without subtalar joint involvement (D). Despite limitations due to inherent subjectivity which may account for moderate interobserver agreement, the new system may potentially cover all possible combinations of the PCFD, providing a comprehensive description and guiding treatment in a systematic and individualized manner.
Relationship of Axial Alignment and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients with Total Ankle Arthroplasty under Weightbearing CT Scan
Authors: Pellegrini Manuel J. , Escudero Mario I. , Avilés Espinoza Carolina , Varela Cristobal , Gana Eric G. , Herreros Diego , Carrasco Consuelo , Burckhardt Bravo Valentina P. , Carcuro Giovanni M. 
Published: April 2022

Category: Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: Axial alignment (rotation) in total ankle replacement has come to surgeons' attention in recent publications. Unfortunately, most of the previously published data present information from non weight-bearing computed tomography (WBCT) scans or lack a correlation with patient-reported outcomes (PROs). To the author's knowledge, axial alignment is not completely understood in its current form and its relation to PROs. Therefore, our objective is to propose a standardization in measurements of axial alignment in prosthesis components under weight-bearing CT examination and to correlate it with patient-reported outcomes. Methods: After obtaining IRB approval, our prospectively collected surgical database was queried for patients undergoing Total Ankle Arthroplasty (TAA). Patients were included if they had preoperative weight-bearing X-rays, non-WBCT scan, pain evaluation (VAS pain score), preoperative functional scales (SF-36, SFMA, FAAOS, and FAAM) and underwent TAA using an Infinity Prosthesis with standard instrumentation. Patients were excluded if they had less than a one-year postoperative period, had revision surgery, or declined to participate. Twenty five patients met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. All patients were brought back to the clinic for weight-bearing CT scan, pain evaluation, repeat functional scales, and to sign informed consent for the specific needs of this study. Three fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists realized all measurements in two time-frames (coronal, sagittal and axial alignment), separated for one month each. Cohen's inter and intraclass coefficients were calculated to estimate the amount of agreement that occurred by chance. Results: Average age was 64.5 years, Average BMI was 28. Good to excellent intraobserver reliability (ICC 0.891 , 0.750, 0.902 respectively) and good interobserver reliability (ICC 0.822) were reported. Component malrotation was seen in five patients (20%), defined as a relative axial rotation between components of 5 degrees or greater. There was a statistically significant correlation between coronal, sagittal and axial alignment measurements and FAAM scale (p<0.05). There was a positive trend in the association between malrotation and PROs, but this was not statistically significant (p=0.09). Conclusion: This is the first study to correlate axial component alignment in total ankle replacement with patient-reported outcomes. Success in TAA is in direct relationship with achieving neutral alignment at the ankle and hindfoot. Axial alignment is statistically correlated with PROs. There was a positive trend in the association between malrotation and PROs, however this study didn't show a statistical correlation.
Traces of a prehistoric and potentially tsunamigenic mass movement in the sediments of Lake Thun (Switzerland)
Authors: Kremer Katrina , Fabbri Stefano C. , Evers Frederic M. , Schweizer Nora , Wirth Stefanie B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMass movements constitute major natural hazards in the Alpine realm. When triggered on slopes adjacent to lakes, these mass movements can generate tsunami-like waves that may cause additional damage along the shore. For hazard assessment, knowledge about the occurrence, the trigger and the geomechanical and hydrogeological mechanisms of these mass movements is necessary. For reconstructing mass movements that occurred in or adjacent to lakes, the lakes’s sedimentary record can be used as an archive. Here, we present a prehistorical mass-movement event, of which the traces were found in an alpine lake, Lake Thun, in central Switzerland. The mass movement is identified by large blocks on the bathymetric map, a chaotic to transparent facies on the reflection seismic profiles, and by a mixture of deformed lake sediments and sandy organic-rich layers in the sediment-core record. The event is dated at 2642–2407 cal year BP. With an estimated volume of ~ 20 × 106m3it might have generated a wave with an initial amplitude of > 30 m. In addition to this prehistorical event, two younger deposits were identified in the sedimentary record. One could be dated at 1523–1361 cal year BP and thus can be potentially related to an event in 598/599 AD documented in historical reports. The youngest deposit is dated at 304–151 cal year BP (1646–1799 AD) and is interpreted to be related to the artificial Kander river deviation into Lake Thun (1714 AD).
Optimization of production parameters of particle gluing on internal bonding strength of particleboards using machine learning technology
Authors: Zhang Beilong , Hua Jun , Cai Liping , Gao Yunbo , Li Yilin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe particleboard (PB) production is an extremely complex process, many operating parameters affecting panel quality. It is a big challenge to optimize the PB production parameters. The production parameters of particle gluing have an important influence on the internal bond (IB) strength of PB. In this study, using grey relation analysis (GRA) and support vector regression (SVR) algorithm, a prediction model was developed to accurately predict IB of PB through particle gluing processing parameters in a PB production line. GRA was used to analyze the grey relational grade between the particle gluing processing parameters and IB of PB, and the variables were screened. The SVR algorithm was used to train 724 groups of particle gluing sample data between six particle gluing processing parameters and IB. The SVR model was tested with 181 sets of experimental data. The SVR model was verified by 181 sets of experimental data, and the values of mean absolute error (MAE), mean relative error (MRE), root mean square error (RMSE), and Theil’s inequality coefficient (TIC) of the model were 0.008, 0.017, 0.013, and 0.014, respectively. The results showed that the prediction performance of the nonlinear regression prediction model based on GRA–SVR is superior, and the GRA–SVR prediction model can be used to real-time predict the IB in the PB production line.
Fremanezumab in the prevention of high-frequency episodic and chronic migraine: a 12-week, multicenter, real-life, cohort study (the FRIEND study)
Authors: Barbanti Piero , Egeo Gabriella , Aurilia Cinzia , d’Onofrio Florindo , Albanese Maria , Cetta Ilaria , Di Fiore Paola , Zucco Maurizio , Filippi Massimo , Bono Francesco , Altamura Claudia , Proietti Stefania , Bonassi Stefano , Vernieri Fabrizio ,   for the FRIEND-Study Group
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundFremanezumab has demonstrated to be effective, safe, and tolerated in the prevention of episodic or chronic migraine (CM) in randomized, placebo-controlled trials (RCTs). Real-life studies are needed to explore drug effects in unselected patients in routine circumstances and to provide higher generalizability results. This study explores the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of fremanezumab in a real-life population of individuals affected by high-frequency episodic (HFEM: 8–14 days/month) or CM.MethodsThis is a 12-week multicenter, prospective, cohort, real-life study. We considered all consecutive patients affected by HFEM or CM visited at 9 Italian headache centers from 28/07/2020 to 11/11/2020. Eligible patients were given subcutaneous fremanezumab at the doses of 225 mg monthly or 675 mg quarterly, according to their preference. Primary study endpoints were the change in monthly migraine days (MMDs) in HFEM and monthly headache days (MHDs) in CM patients at weeks 9–12 compared to baseline. Secondary endpoints encompassed variation in monthly analgesic intake (MAI), Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), HIT-6 and MIDAS scores, and ≥ 50%, ≥ 75% and 100% responder rates at the same time intervals.ResultsSixty-seventh number migraine patients had received ≥ 1 subcutaneous fremanezumab dose and were considered for safety analysis, while 53 patients completed 12 weeks of treatment and were included also in the effectiveness analysis. Fremanezumab was effective in both HFEM and CM, inducing at week 12 a significant reduction in MMDs (-4.6,p < 0.05), MHDs (-9.4,p < 0.001), MAI (-5.7,p < 0.05; -11.1,p < 0.001), NRS (-3.1,p < 0.001; -2.5,p < 0.001), and MIDAS scores (-58.3,p < 0.05; -43.7;p < 0.001). HIT-6 was significantly reduced only in HFEM patients (-18.1,p < 0.001). Remission from CM to episodic migraine and from MO to no-MO occurred in 75% and 67.7% of the patients. The ≥ 50%, ≥ 75% and 100% responder rates at week 12 were 76.5%, 29.4% and 9.9% in HFEM and 58.3%, 25% and 0% in CM. Younger age emerged as a positive response predictor (OR = 0.91; 95% CI 0.85–0.98,p = 0.013). Treatment-emergent adverse events were uncommon (5.7%) and mild. No patient discontinued fremanezumab for any reason.ConclusionsFremanezumab seems more effective in real-life than in RCTs. Younger age emerges as a potential response predictor.
Towards a robust out-of-the-box neural network model for genomic data
Authors: Zhang Zhaoyi , Cheng Songyang , Solis-Lemus Claudia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The accurate prediction of biological features from genomic data is paramount for precision medicine and sustainable agriculture. For decades, neural network models have been widely popular in fields like computer vision, astrophysics and targeted marketing given their prediction accuracy and their robust performance under big data settings. Yet neural network models have not made a successful transition into the medical and biological world due to the ubiquitous characteristics of biological data such as modest sample sizes, sparsity, and extreme heterogeneity.

Results
Here, we investigate the robustness, generalization potential and prediction accuracy of widely used convolutional neural network and natural language processing models with a variety of heterogeneous genomic datasets. Mainly, recurrent neural network models outperform convolutional neural network models in terms of prediction accuracy, overfitting and transferability across the datasets under study.

Conclusions
While the perspective of a robust out-of-the-box neural network model is out of reach, we identify certain model characteristics that translate well across datasets and could serve as a baseline model for translational researchers.
Significance of linkage disequilibrium and epistasis on genetic variances in noninbred and inbred populations
Authors: Viana José Marcelo Soriano , Garcia Antonio Augusto Franco 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The influence of linkage disequilibrium (LD), epistasis, and inbreeding on genotypic variance continues to be an important area of investigation in genetics and evolution. Although the current knowledge about biological pathways and gene networks indicates that epistasis is important in determining quantitative traits, the empirical evidence for a range of species and traits is that the genotypic variance is most additive. This has been confirmed by some recent theoretical studies. However, because these investigations assumed linkage equilibrium, considered only additive effects, or used simplified assumptions for two- and higher-order epistatic effects, the objective of this investigation was to provide additional information about the impact of LD and epistasis on genetic variances in noninbred and inbred populations, using a simulated dataset.

Results
In general, the most important component of the genotypic variance was additive variance. Because of positive LD values, after 10 generations of random crosses there was generally a decrease in all genetic variances and covariances, especially the nonepistatic variances. Thus, the epistatic variance/genotypic variance ratio is inversely proportional to the LD level. Increasing inbreeding increased the magnitude of the additive, additive x additive, additive x dominance, and dominance x additive variances, and decreased the dominance and dominance x dominance variances. Except for duplicate epistasis with 100% interacting genes, the epistatic variance/genotypic variance ratio was proportional to the inbreeding level. In general, the additive x additive variance was the most important component of the epistatic variance. Concerning the genetic covariances, in general, they showed lower magnitudes relative to the genetic variances and positive and negative signs. The epistatic variance/genotypic variance ratio was maximized under duplicate and dominant epistasis and minimized assuming recessive and complementary epistasis. Increasing the percentage of epistatic genes from 30 to 100% increased the epistatic variance/genotypic variance ratio by a rate of 1.3 to 12.6, especially in inbred populations. The epistatic variance/genotypic variance ratio was maximized in the noninbred and inbred populations with intermediate LD and an average allelic frequency of the dominant genes of 0.3 and in the noninbred and inbred populations with low LD and an average allelic frequency of 0.5.

Conclusions
Additive variance is in general the most important component of genotypic variance. LD and inbreeding have a significant effect on the magnitude of the genetic variances and covariances. In general, the additive x additive variance is the most important component of epistatic variance. The maximization of the epistatic variance/genotypic variance ratio depends on the LD level, degree of inbreeding, epistasis type, percentage of interacting genes, and average allelic frequency.
Effects of reduced gag cleavage efficiency on HIV-1 Gag-Pol package
Authors: Lin Yi-Ru , Chu Shih-Ming , Yu Fu-Hsien , Huang Kuo-Jung , Wang Chin-Tien 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
HIV-1 pol, which encodes enzymes required for virus replication, is initially translated as a Gag-Pol fusion protein. Gag-Pol is incorporated into virions via interactions with Gag precursor Pr55gag. Protease (PR) embedded in Gag-Pol mediates the proteolytic processing of both Pr55gag and Gag-Pol during or soon after virus particle release from cells. Since efficient Gag-Pol viral incorporation depends on interaction with Pr55gag via its N-terminal Gag domain, the prevention of premature Gag cleavage may alleviate Gag-Pol packaging deficiencies associated with cleavage enhancement from PR.

Results
We engineered PR cleavage-blocking Gag mutations with the potential to significantly reduce Gag processing efficiency. Such mutations may mitigate the negative effects of enhanced PR activation on virus assembly and Gag-Pol packaging due to an RT dimerization enhancer or leucine zipper dimerization motif. When co-expressed with Pr55gag, we noted that enhanced PR activation resulted in reduced Gag-Pol cis or trans incorporation into Pr55gag particles, regardless of whether or not Gag cleavage sites within Gag-Pol were blocked.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that the amount of HIV-1 Gag-Pol or Pol viral incorporation is largely dependent on virus particle production, and that cleavage blocking in the Gag-Pol N-terminal Gag domain does not exert significant impacts on Pol packaging.
Micronutrient content drives elementome variability amongst the Symbiodiniaceae
Authors: Camp Emma F. , Nitschke Matthew R. , Clases David , Gonzalez de Vega Raquel , Reich Hannah G. , Goyen Samantha , Suggett David J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundElements are the basis of life on Earth, whereby organisms are essentially evolved chemical substances that dynamically interact with each other and their environment. Determining species elemental quotas (their elementome) is a key indicator for their success across environments with different resource availabilities. Elementomes remain undescribed for functionally diverse dinoflagellates within the family Symbiodiniaceae that includes coral endosymbionts. We used dry combustion and ICP-MS to assess whether Symbiodiniaceae (ten isolates spanning five generaBreviolum, Cladocopium, Durusdinium, Effrenium, Symbiodinium) maintained under long-term nutrient replete conditions have unique elementomes (six key macronutrients and nine micronutrients) that would reflect evolutionarily conserved preferential elemental acquisition. For three isolates we assessed how elevated temperature impacted their elementomes. Further, we tested whether Symbiodiniaceae conform to common stoichiometric hypotheses (e.g., the growth rate hypothesis) documented in other marine algae. This study considers whether Symbiodiniaceae isolates possess unique elementomes reflective of their natural ecologies, evolutionary histories, and resistance to environmental change.ResultsSymbiodiniaceae isolates maintained under long-term luxury uptake conditions, all exhibited highly divergent elementomes from one another, driven primarily by differential content of micronutrients. All N:P and C:P ratios were below the Redfield ratio values, whereas C:N was close to the Redfield value. Elevated temperature resulted in a more homogenised elementome across isolates. The Family-level elementome was (C19.8N2.6P1.0S18.8K0.7Ca0.1) · 1000 (Fe55.7Mn5.6Sr2.3Zn0.8Ni0.5Se0.3Cu0.2Mo0.1V0.04) mmol Phosphorous-1versus (C25.4N3.1P1.0S23.1K0.9Ca0.4) · 1000 (Fe66.7Mn6.3Sr7.2Zn0.8Ni0.4Se0.2Cu0.2Mo0.2V0.05) mmol Phosphorous-1at 27.4 ± 0.4 °C and 30.7 ± 0.01 °C, respectively. Symbiodiniaceae isolates tested here conformed to some, but not all, stoichiometric principles.ConclusionsElementomes for Symbiodiniaceae diverge from those reported for other marine algae, primarily via lower C:N:P and different micronutrient expressions. Long-term maintenance of Symbiodiniaceae isolates in culture under common nutrient replete conditions suggests isolates have evolutionary conserved preferential uptake for certain elements that allows these unique elementomes to be identified. Micronutrient content (normalised to phosphorous) commonly increased in the Symbiodiniaceae isolates in response to elevated temperature, potentially indicating a common elemental signature to warming.
Morphological and pomological diversity of wild Prunus microcarpa Boiss. germplasm
Authors: Khadivi Ali , Mirheidari Farhad , Moradi Younes , Paryan Simin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrunus microcarpaBoiss. is usually found in dry calcareous and rocky mountain slopes and is well adapted to severe winter and dry-hot summer conditions. Morphological and pomological diversity among 81 accessions ofP. microcarpaspecies selected from natural habitats was assessed.ResultsThe accessions investigated were significantly different from each other in terms of the traits recorded. Tree growth habit was highly variable, including weeping, spreading, open, semi-erect, and erect. Most of the accessions had very small leaves, a probable adaptation to the xerophytic conditions. Ripening date ranged from mid-June to early August. Fruit weight as the first character considering in domestication process ranged from 0.21 to 0.44 g. Principal component analysis (PCA) could describe the evaluated traits as the 11 main components that were able to justify 76.29% of total variance. Also, the accessions were clustered into two major clusters by the Ward dendrogram.ConclusionsSignificant diversity was revealed, regarding the morphological traits in the evaluatedP. microcarpagermplasm that reflected the necessity for the conservation of this germplasm, and it is expected that the results gained in this study will assist currentCerasusbreeding efforts and will maintain the genetic integrity ofP. microcarpa.