bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hot spring bathing is associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension among Japanese older adults: a cross-sectional study in Beppu
Authors: Yamasaki Satoshi , Tokunou Tomotake , Maeda Toyoki , Horiuchi Takahiko 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHot spring bathing is practiced to help manage various diseases, including hypertension. We investigated the preventive effects on hypertension of hot spring bathing among older adults in a data analysis using responses to a previous questionnaire with the aim to identify a novel approach in the prevention and management of hypertension. Among 10,428 adults aged ≥ 65 years, we assessed the hot spring bathing habits of 4001 individuals with a history of hypertension. We calculated odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals using a multivariable logistic regression model for history of hypertension. In multivariable logistic regression, age (≥ 85 years: OR, 1.410); history of arrythmia (OR, 1.580), stroke (OR, 1.590), gout (OR, 1.880), diabetes mellitus (OR, 1.470), hyperlipidemia (OR, 1.680), renal disease (OR, 1.520), chronic hepatitis (OR, 0.648); and hot spring bathing at 19:00 or later (OR, 0.850) were independently and significantly associated with hypertension during the lifetime. We found an inverse relationship between habitual nighttime hot spring bathing and a history of hypertension. Prospective randomized controlled trials on nighttime hot spring bathing as a treatment for hypertension are warranted to investigate whether nighttime hot spring bathing can help in preventing hypertension among adults aged ≥ 65 years.
Influence of forward head posture on muscle activation pattern of the trapezius pars descendens muscle in young adults
Authors: Nishikawa Yuichi , Watanabe Kohei , Chihara Takanori , Sakamoto Jiro , Komatsuzaki Toshihiko , Kawano Kenji , Kobayashi Akira , Inoue Kazumi , Maeda Noriaki , Tanaka Shinobu , Hyngstrom Allison 
Published: November 2022

AbstractForward head posture (FHP) is a serious problem causing head and neck disability, but the characteristics of muscle activity during long-term postural maintenance are unclear. This study aimed to investigate a comparison of electromyography (EMG) activation properties and subjective fatigue between young adults with and without habitual FHP. In this study, we examined the changes in the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of muscle activity using high-density surface EMG (HD-SEMG) in addition to mean frequency, a conventional measure of muscle fatigue. Nineteen male participants were included in the study (FHP group (n = 9; age = 22.3 ± 1.5 years) and normal group (n = 10; age = 22.5 ± 1.4 years)). Participants held three head positions (e.g., forward, backward, and neutral positions) for a total of 30 min each, and the EMG activity of the trapezius pars descendens muscle during posture maintenance was measured by HD-SEMG. The root mean square (RMS), the modified entropy, and the correlation coefficient were calculated. Additionally, the visual analogue scale (VAS) was evaluated to assess subjective fatigue. The RMS, VAS, modified entropy, and correlation coefficients were significantly higher in the FHP group than in the normal group (p < 0.001). With increasing postural maintenance time, the modified entropy and correlation coefficient values significantly decreased, and the mean frequency and VAS values significantly increased (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the forward position had significantly higher RMS, correlation coefficient, modified entropy, and VAS values than in the neutral position (p < 0.001). The HD-SEMG potential distribution patterns in the FHP group showed less heterogeneity and greater muscle activity in the entire muscle and subjective fatigue than those in the normal group. Excess muscle activity even in the neutral/comfortable position in the FHP group could potentially be a mechanism of neuromuscular conditions in this population.
Highly efficient photodegradation of raw landfill leachate using cost-effective and optimized g-C3N4/SnO2/WO3 quantum dots under Vis–NIR light
Authors: Samadi Amirmohsen , Delnavaz Mohammad , Rashtizadeh Ali , Heidarzadeh Nima 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, photodegradation of raw landfill leachate under Vis–NIR irradiation and sunlight has been investigated using optimized g-C3N4/SnO2/WO3 quantum dots as a novel nanocomposite. g-C3N4/SnO2/WO3 QDs was successfully synthesized and characterized using various analyses. The best mixing ratios of the nanocomposite components were obtained by response surface methodology (RSM). The morphology and the surface area characteristics of the photocatalyst were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) analysis. Results of UV–Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum revealed that the nanocomposite has a great light absorption capacity and improved separation of charge carriers. Using the optimized nanocomposite with the best mixing ratios of urea, SnO2, and WO3 QDs solution, obtained from the central composite design (CCD), the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the leachate (4575 mg/L) was reduced by 74% and 47% in 4 h under visible-NIR and sunlight irradiations, respectively. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis also revealed that a significant reduction of aromatic compounds of the raw leachate occurred after the photodegradation process with g-C3N4/SnO2/WO3QDs nanocomposite. Moreover, the stability and recyclability of the photocatalyst were evaluated, and it was observed that after five experimental cycles of leachate degradation, no significant loss of nanocomposite performance could be seen. Financial analysis was also performed, and the feasibility of this process was investigated.
Osteogenic differentiation and proliferation potentials of human bone marrow and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells on the 3D-printed hydroxyapatite scaffolds
Authors: Meesuk Ladda , Suwanprateeb Jintamai , Thammarakcharoen Faungchat , Tantrawatpan Chairat , Kheolamai Pakpoom , Palang Iyapa , Tantikanlayaporn Duangrat , Manochantr Sirikul 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising candidate for bone repair. However, the maintenance of MSCs injected into the bone injury site remains inefficient. A potential approach is to develop a bone-liked platform that incorporates MSCs into a biocompatible 3D scaffold to facilitate bone grafting into the desired location. Bone tissue engineering is a multistep process that requires optimizing several variables, including the source of cells, osteogenic stimulation factors, and scaffold properties. This study aims to evaluate the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potentials of MSCs cultured on 2 types of 3D-printed hydroxyapatite, including a 3D-printed HA and biomimetic calcium phosphate-coated 3D-printed HA. MSCs from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) and umbilical cord (UC-MSCs) were cultured on the 3D-printed HA and coated 3D-printed HA. Scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence staining were used to examine the characteristics and the attachment of MSCs to the scaffolds. Additionally, the cell proliferation was monitored, and the ability of cells to differentiate into osteoblast was assessed using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteogenic gene expression. The BM-MSCs and UC-MSCs attached to a plastic culture plate with a spindle-shaped morphology exhibited an immunophenotype consistent with the characteristics of MSCs. Both MSC types could attach and survive on the 3D-printed HA and coated 3D-printed HA scaffolds. The MSCs cultured on these scaffolds displayed sufficient osteoblastic differentiation capacity, as evidenced by increased ALP activity and the expression of osteogenic genes and proteins compared to the control. Interestingly, MSCs grown on coated 3D-printed HA exhibited a higher ALP activity and osteogenic gene expression than those cultured on the 3D-printed HA. The finding indicated that BM-MSCs and UC-MSCs cultured on the 3D-printed HA and coated 3D-printed HA scaffolds could proliferate and differentiate into osteoblasts. Thus, the HA scaffolds could provide a suitable and favorable environment for the 3D culture of MSCs in bone tissue engineering. Additionally, biomimetic coating with octacalcium phosphate may improve the biocompatibility of the bone regeneration scaffold.
Feature tracking strain analysis detects the onset of regional diastolic dysfunction in territories with acute myocardial injury induced by transthoracic electrical interventions
Authors: Fischer Kady , Becker Philipp , Mongeon François-Pierre , Yu Janelle , Nadeshalingam Gobinath , Friedrich Matthias G. , Guensch Dominik P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractElectric interventions are used to terminate arrhythmia. However, myocardial injury from the electrical intervention can follow unique pathways and it is unknown how this affects regional ventricular function. This study investigated the impact of transthoracic electrical shocks on systolic and diastolic myocardial deformation. Ten healthy anaesthetized female swine received five transthoracic shocks (5 × 200 J) and six controls underwent a cardiovascular magnetic resonance exam prior to and 5 h after the intervention. Serial transthoracic shocks led to a global reduction in both left (LV, − 15.6 ± 3.3% to − 13.0 ± 3.6%, p < 0.01) and right ventricular (RV, − 16.1 ± 2.3% to − 12.8 ± 4.2%, p = 0.03) peak circumferential strain as a marker of systolic function and to a decrease in LV early diastolic strain rate (1.19 ± 0.35/s to 0.95 ± 0.37/s, p = 0.02), assessed by feature tracking analysis. The extent of myocardial edema (ΔT1) was related to an aggravation of regional LV and RV diastolic dysfunction, whereas only RV systolic function was regionally associated with an increase in T1. In conclusion, serial transthoracic shocks in a healthy swine model attenuate biventricular systolic function, but it is the acute development of regional diastolic dysfunction that is associated with the onset of colocalized myocardial edema.
Beneficial influence of single-stage posterior surgery for the treatment of lumbar brucella spondylitis combined with spondylolisthesis
Authors: Zhang Yao , Zhao Changsong , Chen Jiamin , Zhang Qiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the single-stage posterior surgical treatment for patients of lumbar brucella spondylitis combined with spondylolisthesis. In this study, we performed a retrospective analysis of 16 patients with lumbar brucellosis spondylitis combined with spondylolisthesis from January 2015 to January 2019. All patients underwent single-stage posterior lumbar debridement, reduction, interbody fusion, and instrumentation. Preoperative and postoperative of the visual analog scale (VAS), the Oswestry disability index (ODI), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were compared. In addition, the spondylolisthesis reduction rate, reduction loss rate, interbody fusion rate, and complication rate were recorded. VAS, ODI, ESR, and CRP were conducted with repeated analysis of variance data at different follow-ups. The postoperative follow-up was 12–36 months, with an average of (25.0 ± 8.1) months. VAS, ODI, ESR, and CRP were significantly better at 2-week and 1-year follow-up than preoperative results (P = 0.000, respectively). In addition, 1 year after the operation, VAS, ODI, ESR, and CRP showed a significant improvement (P = 0.000, respectively). The average spondylolisthesis reduction in 2 weeks after operation was (91.2 ± 6.7)%, and the median reduction loss rate in 1 year after operation was 8.0 (5.0, 9.8)%. At the last follow-up, all patients achieved interbody fusion, no loosening and fracture of instrumentation were found, and no recurrence happened. Single-stage posterior operation for lumbar debridement, reduction, interbody fusion, and instrumentation is beneficial for treating lumbar brucellosis spondylitis combined with spondylolisthesis. Furthermore, the reconstruction of spinal stability may relieve pain, heal lesions, and improve patients’ living.
Neurocomputational mechanisms of affected beliefs
Authors: Müller-Pinzler Laura , Czekalla Nora , Mayer Annalina V. , Schröder Alexander , Stolz David S. , Paulus Frieder M. , Krach Sören 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe feedback people receive on their behavior shapes the process of belief formation and self-efficacy in mastering a particular task. However, the neural and computational mechanisms of how the subjective value of self-efficacy beliefs, and the corresponding affect, influence the learning process remain unclear. We investigated these mechanisms during self-efficacy belief formation using fMRI, pupillometry, and computational modeling, and by analyzing individual differences in affective experience. Biases in the formation of self-efficacy beliefs were associated with affect, pupil dilation, and neural activity within the anterior insula, amygdala, ventral tegmental area/ substantia nigra, and mPFC. Specifically, neural and pupil responses mapped the valence of the prediction errors in correspondence with individuals’ experienced affective states and learning biases during self-efficacy belief formation. Together with the functional connectivity dynamics of the anterior insula within this network, our results provide evidence for neural and computational mechanisms of how we arrive at affected beliefs.
Rad regulation of CaV1.2 channels controls cardiac fight-or-flight response
Authors: Papa Arianne , Zakharov Sergey I. , Katchman Alexander N. , Kushner Jared S. , Chen Bi-xing , Yang Lin , Liu Guoxia , Jimenez Alejandro Sanchez , Eisert Robyn J. , Bradshaw Gary A. , Dun Wen , Ali Shah R. , Rodriques Aaron , Zhou Karen , Topkara Veli , Yang Mu , Morrow John P. , Tsai Emily J. , Karlin Arthur , Wan Elaine , Kalocsay Marian , Pitt Geoffrey S. , Colecraft Henry M. , Ben-Johny Manu , Marx Steven O. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFight-or-flight responses involve β-adrenergic-induced increases in heart rate and contractile force. In the present study, we uncover the primary mechanism underlying the heart’s innate contractile reserve. We show that four protein kinase A (PKA)-phosphorylated residues in Rad, a calcium channel inhibitor, are crucial for controlling basal calcium current and essential for β-adrenergic augmentation of calcium influx in cardiomyocytes. Even with intact PKA signaling to other proteins modulating calcium handling, preventing adrenergic activation of calcium channels in Rad-phosphosite-mutant mice (4SA-Rad) has profound physiological effects: reduced heart rate with increased pauses, reduced basal contractility, near-complete attenuation of β-adrenergic contractile response and diminished exercise capacity. Conversely, expression of mutant calcium-channel β-subunits that cannot bind 4SA-Rad is sufficient to enhance basal calcium influx and contractility to adrenergically augmented levels of wild-type mice, rescuing the failing heart phenotype of 4SA-Rad mice. Hence, disruption of interactions between Rad and calcium channels constitutes the foundation toward next-generation therapeutics specifically enhancing cardiac contractility.
Speech-Language Pathologists' Use of Myofunctional Devices in Therapy Programs
Authors: Shortland Hollie-Ann Lee , Webb Gwendalyn , Vertigan Anne E. , Hewat Sally 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:
This study aimed to explore the use of myofunctional devices (MDs) by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to gain a better understanding of how SLPs are utilizing these in the treatment of their patients.

Method:
Eleven SLPs from four countries participated in semistructured interviews. The interview transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Participants' responses were coded and categorized to identify key themes related to the use of MDs in therapy.

Results:
Five key themes, composed of 11 main categories and 54 subcategories, were identified. Themes highlighted variability in the use of MDs, including the type of device, application of the device, and dosage. Successful outcomes with the use of MDs were influenced by clinical experience and training, a multidisciplinary approach, along with client/family adherence to therapy. Participants frequently described the use of MDs as one component of an overall therapy program and reported on the need for further research to guide the use of MDs in speech-language pathology treatment.

Conclusions:
The use of MDs in speech-language pathology practice is often related to the expertise and experience of the SLP. Although SLPs report positive clinical outcomes, there remains a need for further research to support the use of MDs in therapy.
Disturbance rejection for biped robots during walking and running using control moment gyroscopes
Authors: Xu Haochen , Yu Zhangguo , Chen Xuechao , Dong Chencheng , Chen Huanzhong , Huang Qiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractKeeping balance in movement is an important premise for biped robots to complete various tasks. Now, the balance control of biped robots mainly depends on the cooperation of various joints of the robot's body. When robots move faster, the adjustment allowance of joints is reduced, and the robot's anti‐disturbance ability will inevitably decline. To solve this problem, the control moment gyroscope (CMG) is creatively used as an auxiliary stabilisation device for fully actuated biped robots and the CMG assistance strategy, which can be integrated into the biped's balance control framework, is proposed. This strategy includes model predictive control module, distribution module, and CMG precession controller. Under the command of it, CMGs can effectively assist the robot in resisting impact and returning to initial positions in time. The results of anti‐impact simulation on the walking and running biped robot prove that, with the help of CMGs, the robot's ability to resist disturbance and remain stable is significantly improved.The cover image is based on the Original Article Disturbance rejection for biped robots during walking and running using control moment gyroscopes by Haochen Xu et al., https://doi.org/10.1049/csy2.12070.
Solution of the emergency control of synchronous generator modes based on the local measurements to ensure the dynamic stability
Authors: Senyuk Mihail , Beryozkina Svetlana , Ahyoev Javod , Zicmane Inga , Safaraliev Murodbek 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStochastic renewable sources of energy have been causing changes in the structure and operation of power systems. High penetration of this type of generation results in decreased inertia of a power system, increased active power fluctuations, and a higher probability of false tripping of emergency control devices. Traditional algorithms of emergency control are not adaptable and flexible enough for systems with high penetration of renewables and flexible alternating current transmission systems. Integration and development of phasor measurement units make it possible to create adaptable emergency control systems, which would require minimal pre‐defined data. The purpose of this study is to develop an adaptable algorithm for turbine fast valving control synthesis and transient stability estimation for a generator. The suggested algorithm is based on the equal area criterion in the domain synchronous generator “torque–load angle”. The measurements of the generator operation under consideration are used as the input data for the steam turbine fast valving control synthesis. Thus, the algorithm becomes adaptable because no pre‐defined parameters of a power system model are required. The suggested algorithm was tested on the power system model NE39bus using Matlab/Simulink. The efficiency of the suggested algorithm is verified and demonstrated.
Mass assembly and active galactic nucleus activity at z ≳ 1.5 in the dense environment of XDCP J0044.0–2033
Authors: Lepore M. , Bongiorno A. , Tozzi P. , Travascio A. , Zappacosta L. , Merlin E. , Fassbender R. 
Published: November 2022

Context. XDCP J0044.0−2033 is the most massive galaxy cluster known at z > 1.5 and its core shows a high density of galaxies, which are experiencing mergers and hosting nuclear activity.
Aims. We present a multi-wavelength study of a region of 24 kpc × 24 kpc located ∼157 kpc from the center of the cluster, for which we have photometric and spectroscopic observations. Our main goal is to investigate the environmental effects acting on the galaxies inhabiting this high-density region.
Methods. We performed source identification and a photometric analysis on high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images in the F105W, F140W, and F160W bands and a spectroscopic analysis of the near-infrared (NIR) KMOS data in H and YJ bands. In addition, we analyzed the deep Chandra ACIS-S X-ray exposure.
Results. We find that the analyzed region hosts at least nine different sources –six of them confirmed to be cluster members within a narrow redshift range 1.5728 < z < 1.5762– and is therefore denser than the very central, more massive region of the cluster previously analyzed. These sources form two different complexes (Complex M and Complex N) at a projected distance of ∼13 kpc, which are undergoing merging on an estimated timescale of 10−30 Myr. One of the sources shows the presence of a broad Hα emission line and is classified as a Type-1 active galactic nucleus (AGN). This AGN is associated to an X-ray point-like source whose emission appears moderately obscured (with intrinsic absorption NH ∼ 1022 cm−2) and hosts a relatively massive black hole (BH) with a mass of MBH ∼ 107 M⊙, which is accreting with an Eddington ratio of ∼0.2.
Conclusions. We conclude that the region analyzed here is consistent with being the formation site of a secondary brightest cluster galaxy (BCG). These findings, together with an in-depth analysis of the X-ray morphology of the cluster, suggest a merging scenario for the entire cluster, with two massive halos both harboring two rapidly evolving BCGs on the verge of being assembled. Our results are also consistent with the scenario in which the AGN phase in member galaxies is triggered by gas-rich mergers and plays a relevant role in the formation of the red sequence of elliptical galaxies observed in the center of local galaxy clusters.
Discriminating power of milli-lensing observations for dark matter models
Authors: Loudas Nick , Pavlidou Vasiliki , Casadio Carolina , Tassis Konstantinos 
Published: November 2022

Context. The nature of dark matter (DM) is still under intense debate. Subgalactic scales are particularly critical, as different, currently viable DM models make diverse predictions on the expected abundance and density profile of DM haloes on these scales.
Aims. We investigate the ability of subgalactic DM haloes to act as strong lenses on background compact sources, producing gravitational lensing events on milli-arcsecond scales (milli-lenses), for different DM models. For each DM scenario, we explore whether a sample of ∼5000 distant sources is sufficient to detect at least one milli-lens.
Methods. We developed a semi-analytical model to estimate the milli-lensing optical depth as a function of the source’s redshift for various DM models. We employed the Press-Schechter formalism, as well as results from recent N-body simulations to compute the halo mass function, taking into account the appropriate spherically averaged density profile of haloes for each DM model. We treated the lensing system as a point-mass lens and invoked the effective surface mass density threshold to calculate the fraction of a halo that acts as a gravitational lens. We studied three classes of dark matter models: cold DM, warm DM, and self-interacting DM.
Results. We find that haloes consisting of warm DM turn out to be optically thin for strong gravitational milli-lensing (zero expected lensing events). Cold DM haloes may produce lensing events depending on the steepness of the concentration-mass relation. Self-interacting DM haloes can efficiently act as gravitational milli-lenses only if haloes experience gravothermal collapse, resulting in highly dense central cores.