bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gluon dipole factorisation for diffractive dijets
Authors: Iancu E. , Mueller A. H. , Triantafyllopoulos D. N. , Wei S. Y. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Within the colour dipole picture for deep inelastic scattering at small Bjorken x, we study the production of a pair of relatively hard jets via coherent diffraction. By “relatively hard” we mean that the transverse momenta of the two jets — the quark (q) and the antiquark ($$ \overline{q} $$

q
¯

) generated by the decay of the virtual photon — are much larger than the target saturation momentum Qs(Yℙ) evaluated at the rapidity gap Yℙ. We argue that the typical final-state configurations are such that the hard $$ q\overline{q} $$
q

q
¯

dijets are accompanied by a semi-hard gluon jet, with a transverse momentum of the order of Qs(Yℙ). The presence of this third jet ensures that the scattering is strong and thus avoids the strong suppression of exclusive (hard) dijet production due to colour transparency. For such “2+1” jet configurations, we demonstrate that both the emission of the semi-hard gluon and its scattering with the hadronic target can be factorised in terms of an effective gluon-gluon dipole. This effective description, originally proposed in [1–7], builds a bridge between the colour dipole picture and the transverse-momentum dependent (TMD) version of the collinear factorisation: the cross-section for diffractive 2+1 jets can be written as the product between a hard factor describing the $$ q\overline{q} $$
q

q
¯

dijets and a semi-hard factor expressing the unintegrated gluon distribution of the Pomeron. The latter is controlled by gluon dipole scattering in the black disk limit and hence is strongly sensitive to gluon saturation. By integrating out the kinematics of the 3 jets, we obtain the $$ q\overline{q}g $$
q

q
¯

g
contribution to the diffractive structure function in collinearly-factorised form.
Probing non-standard HVV (V = W, Z) couplings in single Higgs production at future electron-proton collider
Authors: Sharma Pramod , Shivaji Ambresh 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The couplings of the Higgs boson (H) with massive gauge bosons of weak interaction (V = W, Z), can be probed in single Higgs boson production at the proposed future Large Hadron-Electron Collider (LHeC). In the collision of an electron with a pro- ton, single Higgs production takes place via so-called charged-current (e−p → νeHj) and neutral-current (e−p → e−Hj) processes. We explore the potential of the azimuthal angle correlation between the forward jet and scattered neutrino or electron in probing the non-standard HVV couplings at the collider center-of-mass energy of $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

≈ 1.3 TeV. We choose the most general modifications (of CP-even and CP-odd nature) to these couplings due to new physics effects beyond the standard model. We derive exclusion limits on new physics parameters of HV V couplings as a function of integrated luminosity at 95% C.L. using the azimuthal angular correlations in charged- and neutral-current processes. We find that using 1000 fb−1 data, the standard model-like new physics parameters in HWW and HZZ couplings can be constrained with accuracies of 4% and 15%, respectively. The least constrained CP-even parameters of HWW coupling can be as large as 0.04, while those of HZZ coupling can have values around 0.31. Allowed values of CP-odd parameters in HWW and HZZ couplings are found to be around 0.14 and 0.34, respectively. We also study changes in the allowed values of non-trivial new physics parameters in the presence of other parameters.
Multi-GNSS global ionosphere modeling enhanced by virtual observation stations based on IRI-2016 model
Authors: Jin Xulei , Song Shuli , Zhou Weili , Cheng Na 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe inhomogeneous distribution of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations results in inaccurate vertical total electron contents (VTECs) in global ionosphere maps (GIMs) over areas with large GNSS data gaps. Incorporating VTECs from the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model is usually adopted as one approach to mitigate the inaccurate VTECs. However, large and complicated spatiotemporal varying VTEC biases between GNSS and IRI suggest a robust strategy to optimally combine GNSS and IRI VTECs for operational high-precision modeling. Here, we thoroughly analyze the characteristics of VTEC biases between GNSS and IRI-2016 model in different latitudes from 2009 to 2019, and develop an improved functional and stochastic model. An automated assimilation strategy of GNSS and IRI-2016 VTECs is proposed for Shanghai Astronomical Observatory final GIM (SHAG) routine estimation, and the reliability of GIMs in areas with lack of stations is enhanced by attaching Virtual Observation Stations (VOSs) based on IRI-2016 model and VOS bias parameters. Experimental results show that the root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of SHAG with respect to VTECs retrieved from four independent GNSS assessment stations are reduced by 21.65–53.06% in the large data gaps with the assistance of VOSs. Furthermore, we validated the long-term reliability of SHAG spanned one solar cycle (2009–2019) with International GNSS Service (IGS) final GIMs and satellite altimetry VTECs. Validation results suggest that SHAG is in good agreement with IGS final GIMs, and reliability of SHAG in large GNSS data gap areas is significantly improved by attaching VOSs and biases. This methodology also represents an efficient tool for automated global ionospheric modeling integrating multi-source data.
Combination of different observation types through a multi-resolution representation of the regional gravity field using the pyramid algorithm and parameter estimation
Authors: Liu Qing , Schmidt Michael , Sánchez Laura 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe optimal combination of different types of gravity observations is the key to obtaining a high-resolution and high-precision regional gravity model. Current studies based on spherical radial basis functions (SRBFs) majorly consider a single-level approach for data combination. Despite the promising results reported in numerous publications, it has been suspected that the single-level model might be biased towards high-resolution measurements. Instead, a multi-resolution representation (MRR) can be applied to further take into consideration the varying spectral sensitivities of different observation techniques. In this study, we develop a new MRR scheme based on the pyramid algorithm and sequential parameter estimation. We propose strategies to solve the challenges in the practical application of the pyramid algorithm, and this study represents its first successful realization in regional gravity field modeling. The modeling results based on both simulated and real gravity data show that either the single-level approach or the MRR without pyramid algorithm is able to capture gravity information from lower resolution measurements as sufficient as our newly developed MRR algorithm. In the simulated case, the RMS error w.r.t. the validation data obtained by the MRR based on the pyramid algorithm decreases by 50% and 35%, in comparison to that of the single-level model and the MRR without pyramid algorithm, respectively. In the real case, the improvement achieved by the MRR based on the pyramid algorithm is 35% and 23% in the onshore area, and it reaches 63% and 57% in the offshore area, compared to the single-level approach and the MRR without pyramid algorithm, respectively.
Oral bioavailability of microdoses and therapeutic doses of midazolam as a 2-dimensionally printed orodispersible film in healthy volunteers
Authors: Breithaupt Mareile H. , Krohmer Evelyn , Taylor Lenka , Koerner Eva , Hoppe-Tichy Torsten , Burhenne Juergen , Foerster Kathrin I. , Dachtler Markus , Huber Gerald , Venkatesh Rakesh , Eggenreich Karin , Czock David , Mikus Gerd , Blank Antje , Haefeli Walter E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Purpose
The use of two-dimensional (2D) printing technologies of drugs on orodispersible films (ODF) can promote dose individualization and facilitate drug delivery in vulnerable patients, including children. We investigated midazolam pharmacokinetics after the administration of 2D-printed ODF.

Methods
Midazolam doses of 0.03 and 3 mg were printed on an ODF using a 2D drug printer. We investigated the bioavailability of the two midazolam doses with ODF swallowed immediately (ODF-IS) or delayed after 2 min (ODF-DS) by comparing their pharmacokinetics with intravenous and oral midazolam solution in 12 healthy volunteers.

Results
The relative bioavailability of ODF-IS 0.03 mg was 102% (90% confidence interval: 89.4–116) compared to oral solution and for 3 mg 101% (86.8–116). Cmax of ODF-IS 0.03 mg was 95.5% (83.2–110) compared to oral solution and 94.3% (78.2–114) after 3 mg. Absolute bioavailability of ODF-IS 0.03 mg was 24.9% (21.2–29.2) and for 3 mg 28.1% (23.4–33.8) (oral solution: 0.03 mg: 24.4% (22.0–27.1); 3 mg: 28.0% (25.0–31.2)). Absolute bioavailability of ODF-DS was significantly larger than for ODF-IS (0.03 mg: 61.4%; 3 mg: 44.1%; both p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
This trial demonstrates the tolerability and unchanged bioavailability of midazolam printed on ODF over a 100-fold dose range, proving the suitability of ODF for dose individualization. Midazolam ODF-IS AUC0–∞ in both doses was bioequivalent to the administration of an oral solution. However, Cmax of the therapeutic dose of ODF-IS missed bioequivalence by a clinically not relevant extent. Prolonged mucosal exposure increased bioavailability. (Trial Registration EudraCT: 2020–003984-24, August 10, 2020).
Permanence via invasion graphs: incorporating community assembly into modern coexistence theory
Authors: Hofbauer Josef , Schreiber Sebastian J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo understand the mechanisms underlying species coexistence, ecologists often study invasion growth rates of theoretical and data-driven models. These growth rates correspond to average per-capita growth rates of one species with respect to an ergodic measure supporting other species. In the ecological literature, coexistence often is equated with the invasion growth rates being positive. Intuitively, positive invasion growth rates ensure that species recover from being rare. To provide a mathematically rigorous framework for this approach, we prove theorems that answer two questions: (i) When do the signs of the invasion growth rates determine coexistence? (ii) When signs are sufficient, which invasion growth rates need to be positive? We focus on deterministic models and equate coexistence with permanence, i.e., a global attractor bounded away from extinction. For models satisfying certain technical assumptions, we introduce invasion graphs where vertices correspond to proper subsets of species (communities) supporting an ergodic measure and directed edges correspond to potential transitions between communities due to invasions by missing species. These directed edges are determined by the signs of invasion growth rates. When the invasion graph is acyclic (i.e. there is no sequence of invasions starting and ending at the same community), we show that permanence is determined by the signs of the invasion growth rates. In this case, permanence is characterized by the invasibility of all$$-i$$-icommunities, i.e., communities without speciesiwhere all other missing species have negative invasion growth rates. To illustrate the applicability of the results, we show that dissipative Lotka-Volterra models generically satisfy our technical assumptions and computing their invasion graphs reduces to solving systems of linear equations. We also apply our results to models of competing species with pulsed resources or sharing a predator that exhibits switching behavior. Open problems for both deterministic and stochastic models are discussed. Our results highlight the importance of using concepts about community assembly to study coexistence.
Large-scale circulation patterns and their influence on European winter windstorm predictions
Authors: Degenhardt Lisa , Leckebusch Gregor C. , Scaife Adam A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSevere winter windstorms are amongst the most damaging weather events for Europe and show significant interannual variability. While surface variables (temperature, precipitation) have been successfully predicted for some time now, predictability of severe windstorms caused by extra-tropical cyclones remains less well explored. This study investigates windstorm prediction skill of the UK Met Office Global Seasonal Forecast System Version 5 (GloSea5) for the Northeast-Atlantic and European region. Based on an objective Lagrangian tracking of severe, damage relevant windstorms, three storm parameters are analysed: windstorm frequency and two intensity measures. Firstly, skill based on direct tracking of simulated windstorms is diagnosed. Significant positive skill for storm frequency and intensity is found over an extended area at the downstream end of the storm track, i.e., from the UK to southern Scandinavia. The skill for frequency agrees well with previous studies for older model versions, while the results of event-based intensity are novel. Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves for three smaller regions reveal significant skill for high and low storm activity seasons. Second, skill of windstorm characteristics based on their multi-linear regressions to three dominant large-scale circulation patterns [i.e., the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Scandinavian Pattern (SCA), and the East-Atlantic Pattern (EA)] are analysed. Although these large-scale patterns explain up to 80% of the interannual variance of windstorm frequency and up to 60% for intensity, the forecast skill for the respectively linear-regressed windstorms do not show systematically higher skill than the direct tracking approach. The signal-to-noise ratio of windstorm characteristics (frequency, intensity) is also quantified, confirming that the signal-to-noise paradox extends to windstorm predictions.
What may surprise a rhinologist in everyday clinical practice: silent sinus syndrome or pneumosinus dilatans/pneumocele? Literature review and own experience
Authors: Stryjewska-Makuch Grażyna , Kokoszka Magdalena , Goroszkiewicz Karolina , Karłowska-Bijak Olga , Kolebacz Bogdan , Misiołek Maciej 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of the study was to present rare sinus syndromes known as silent sinus syndrome (SSS) and frontal sinus syndrome with excessive pneumatization and bone defects in the wall (pneumocele). The available literature describing pneumocele cases was reviewed.

Methodology
PubMed and Science Direct databases were searched by two independent reviewers. The primary outcome was finding descriptions of the sinus pneumocele. In the end, papers on frontal sinus pneumocele that was not the result of trauma, congenital defects or comorbidities were selected. Moreover, the authors presented their own cases of SSS and pneumocele.

Results
Twelve case reports of frontal sinus pneumocele were found, one own case was presented. In addition, 8 subjects with SSS, diagnosed and treated in the period from September 2017 to May 2022, were described.

Conclusions
With the increasing number of patients suffering from sinus diseases and the growing number of endoscopic surgeries, the knowledge of rare sinus syndromes will increase the safety of the procedures performed.
Vestibular paroxysmia entails vestibular nerve function, microstructure and endolymphatic space changes linked to root-entry zone neurovascular compression
Authors: Kierig Emilie , Gerb Johannes , Boegle Rainer , Ertl-Wagner Birgit , Dieterich Marianne , Kirsch Valerie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCombining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences that permit the determination of vestibular nerve angulation (NA = change of nerve caliber or direction), structural nerve integrity via diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and exclusion of endolymphatic hydrops (ELH) via delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of the inner ear (iMRI) could increase the diagnostic accuracy in patients with vestibular paroxysmia (VP). Thirty-six participants were examined, 18 with VP (52.6 ± 18.1 years) and 18 age-matched with normal vestibulocochlear testing (NP 50.3 ± 16.5 years). This study investigated whether (i) NA, (ii) DTI changes, or (iii) ELH occur in VP, and (iv) to what extent said parameters relate. Methods included vestibulocochlear testing and MRI data analyses for neurovascular compression (NVC) and NA verification, DTI and ELS quantification. As a result, (i) NA increased NVC specificity. (ii) DTI structural integrity was reduced on the side affected by VP (p < 0.05). (iii) 61.1% VP showed mild ELH and higher asymmetry indices than NP (p > 0.05). (iv) “Disease duration” and “total number of attacks” correlated with the decreased structural integrity of the affected nerve in DTI (p < 0.001). NVC distance within the nerve’s root-entry zone correlated with nerve function (Roh = 0.72, p < 0.001), nerve integrity loss (Roh = − 0.638, p < 0.001), and ELS volume (Roh = − 0.604, p < 0.001) in VP. In conclusion, this study is the first to link eighth cranial nerve function, microstructure, and ELS changes in VP to clinical features and increased vulnerability of NVC in the root-entry zone. Combined MRI with NVC or NA verification, DTI and ELS quantification increased the diagnostic accuracy at group-level but did not suffice to diagnose VP on a single-subject level due to individual variability and lack of diagnostic specificity.
Real-life data of adjuvant IFN-α2b and MMC in conjunctival melanocytic lesions
Authors: Nuessle Simone , Auw-Haedrich Claudia , Jiang Jana , Boehringer Daniel , Reinhard Thomas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We herein compare topical interferon alpha 2b (IFN-α2b) to topical mitomycin C (MMC) in the adjuvant management after excision of primary acquired melanosis with atypia (PAM) and melanoma of the conjunctiva/cornea (CM).

Methods
We included 25 tumors from 25 patients (six with PAM and 19 with CM). After surgical excision, four patients started with adjuvant IFN-α2b (two in combination with radiotherapy), 19 with MMC, and two with radiotherapy alone. Five patients were switched from initial MMC/radiotherapy to IFN-α2b during follow-up. Efficacy was assessed via time to tumor recurrence and initial therapy response.

Results
With initial IFN-α2b, three patients (3/4, two with additional radiotherapy) showed complete remission (follow-up: 1478–1750 days) and one recurrence (1/4) was noted after 492 days. With initial MMC, no recurrence was recorded in 15 of the 19 patients (follow-up: 99–4732 days). Five patients were switched from MMC or radiotherapy to IFN-α2b: two patients showed complete remission (2/5), while another two (2/5) experienced recurrences and remained without recurrence after repeated courses of IFN-α2b (follow-up: 1798 and 1973 days). Only one patient showed incomplete response. Adverse effects were recorded in five patients, all received MMC.

Conclusion
Topical IFN-α2b (arguably together with radiotherapy) may be a viable alternative to MMC in PAM and CM. We observed fewer side effects at similar response rates. However, when response to MMC was poor, IFN-α2b may also be of limited utility.
Profiles of women who have suffered occupational accidents in cleaning: perceived health, psychosocial risks, and personality variables
Authors: Fernández-Suárez Iván , López-Goñi José J. , Haro Begoña 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The main goal was to identify the variables (sociodemographic, work, psychosocial, perceived health, and personality) associated with occupational accidents suffered in the past by women in the cleaning sector.

Methods
A sample of 455 women was evaluated.

Results
A total of 23.5% of the workers (n = 107) had suffered an occupational accident with medical leave. In general, women who had suffered some accident in their life had a worse situation in all areas evaluated. Two subsamples of women had a greater association with accidents. Specifically, the presence of work accidents was 15.9 times higher among those who presented a worse perception of their physical effort and a greater tendency towards risky behaviours and 13.5 times higher among those who had a moderate perception of physical exertion and a disability.

Conclusion
In general, the characteristics of female workers were found to be associated with different accident rates. Preventive actions should be designed individually.
Freestanding 3D-interconnected carbon nanofibers as high-performance transducers in miniaturized electrochemical sensors
Authors: Perju Antonia , Baeumner Antje J. , Wongkaew Nongnoot 
Published: October 2022

Abstract3D-carbon nanomaterials have proven to be high-performance transducers in electrochemical sensors but their integration into miniaturized devices is challenging. Herein, we develop printable freestanding laser-induced carbon nanofibers (f-LCNFs) with outstanding analytical performance that furthermore can easily allow such miniaturization through a paper-based microfluidic strategy. The f-LCNF electrodes were generated from electrospun polyimide nanofibers and one-step laser carbonization. A three-electrode system made of f-LCNFs exhibited a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 1 nM (S/N = 8) for anodic stripping analysis of silver ions, exhibiting the peak at ca. 100 mV vs f-LCNFs RE, without the need of stirring. The as-described system was implemented in miniaturized devices via wax-based printing, in which their electroanalytical performance was characterized for both outer- and inner-sphere redox markers and then applied to the detection of dopamine (the peak appeared at ca. 200 mV vs f-LCNFs RE) with a remarkable LOD of 55 pM. When modified with Nafion, the f-LCNFs were highly selective to dopamine even against high concentrations of uric and ascorbic acids. Especially the integration into closed microfluidic systems highlights the strength 3D porous structures provides excellent analytical performance paving the way for their translation to affordable lab-on-a-chip devices where mass-production capability, unsophisticated fabrication techniques, transfer-free, and customized electrode designs can be realized.
Graphical abstract