bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and theoretical study of bond stress distribution between recycled concrete and deformed steel bar after freeze–thaw damage
Authors: Li Zuohua , Deng Zhiheng , Yang Haifeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPull‐out tests were conducted on 36 bond‐slip specimens with unslotted steel bars and 12 with slotted steel bars to analyze the effects of anchorage length and freeze–thaw damage on bond strength, and investigate the distributions of bond stress and slip between steel bar and recycled concrete at peak pull‐out load. The results show that, the bond strength decreases with the increase of freeze–thaw damage and anchorage length, and the effect of freeze–thaw damage on long‐anchored members is less than that on short‐anchored members. The presence of the arching effect changed the shape of the bond stress distribution curve, causing a second peak at the free end, and the arching effect was reduced accordingly after freeze–thaw damage. The calculated values using the modified softening sleeve theory proposed in this study are in good agreement with the experimental values.
Glyphosate‐based herbicides induces autophagy in IPEC‐J2 cells and the intervention of N‐acetylcysteine
Authors: Bai Guangdong , Zhou Ruiying , Jiang Xu , Zou Yingbin , Shi Baoming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGlyphosate‐based herbicides (GBHs) are the most widely used pesticide in the world, and its extensive use has increased pressures on environmental safety and potential human and livestock health risks. This study investigated the effects of GBHs on antioxidant capacity, inflammatory cytokines, and autophagy of porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC‐J2) and its molecular mechanism. Also, the protective effects of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) against the toxicity of GBHs were evaluated. Our results showed that the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH‐Px) were decreased by GBHs. GBHs increased inflammatory factors (IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α) and the mRNA expression of iNOS and COX‐2. GBHs induced the up‐regulation of Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway and the phosphorylation of IκB‐α and NFκB p65, up‐regulation of LC3‐II/LC3‐I, and down‐regulation of P62, and NFκB inhibitor decreased the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8). Moreover, NAC reduced the cytotoxicity by suppressing ROS levels, and changed the autophagy‐related proteins such as the suppression of LC3‐II conversion and up‐regulation of P62. Our findings unveil a novel mechanism of GBHs effects on IPEC‐J2 cells and NAC can reverse cytotoxicity to some extent.
High Periventricular T1 Relaxation Times Predict Gait Improvement After Spinal Tap in Patients with Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Authors: Maier Ilko L. , Heide Marielle , Hofer Sabine , Dechent Peter , Fiss Ingo , von der Brelie Christian , Rohde Veit , Frahm Jens , Bähr Mathias , Liman Jan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The diagnosis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) can be challenging. Aim of this study was to use a novel T1 mapping method to enrich the diagnostic work-up of patients with suspected iNPH.

Methods
Using 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) we prospectively evaluated rapid high-resolution T1 mapping at 0.5 mm resolution and 4 s acquisition time in 15 patients with suspected iNPH and 8 age-matched, healthy controls. T1 mapping in axial sections of the cerebrum, clinical and neuropsychological testing were performed prior to and after cerebrospinal fluid tap test (CSF-TT). T1 relaxation times were measured in 5 predefined periventricular regions.

Results
All 15 patients with suspected iNPH showed gait impairment, 13 (86.6%) showed signs of cognitive impairment and 8 (53.3%) patients had urinary incontinence. Gait improvement was noted in 12 patients (80%) after CSF-TT. T1 relaxation times in all periventricular regions were elevated in patients with iNPH compared to controls with the most pronounced differences in the anterior (1006 ± 93 ms vs. 911 ± 77 ms; p = 0.023) and posterior horns (983 ± 103 ms vs. 893 ± 68 ms; p = 0.037) of the lateral ventricles. Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scores at baseline were negatively correlated with T1 relaxation times (r < −0.5, p < 0.02). Higher T1 relaxation times were significantly correlated with an improvement of the 3‑m timed up and go test (r > 0.6 and p < 0.03) after CSF-TT.

Conclusion
In iNPH-patients, periventricular T1 relaxation times are increased compared to age-matched controls and predict gait improvement after CSF-TT. T1 mapping might enrich iNPH work-up and might be useful to indicate permanent shunting.
Chemical changes of steamed timber during short-term photodegradation monitored by FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Hofmann Tamas , Tolvaj Laszlo , Visi-Rajczi Eszter , Varga Denes 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBlack locust (Robinia pseudoacaciaL.), beech (Fagus sylvaticaL.), poplar (Populus x euramericana cv. pannonia) and spruce (Picea abiesKarst.) wood samples were treated in saturated steam at 100, 110 and 120 °C for 2 days. Steamed and unsteamed (control) specimens were irradiated using a UV emitter mercury lamp in order to determine the chemical changes generated by UV irradiation. The main goal of the research was to find out if steaming can improve the UV resistance of wood. Chemical changes were determined by diffuse reflectance FTIR spectroscopy. Steaming deacetylated the hemicellulose molecules of hardwood species. Steamed spruce specimens showed the same photodegradation properties as the unsteamed ones. Steaming reduced the photodegradation sensitivity of lignin considerably for black locust only. Steamed hardwood specimens presented greater absorption increase at 1705 cm−1compared to unsteamed samples, which corresponds to the photodegradation of hemicelluloses.
Efficacy and safety of skin-adhesive low-level light therapy for overactive bladder: a Phase III study
Authors: Hwang Woo Yeon , Kim Yong Beom , Lee Sa Ra , Suh Dong Hoon , Kim Kidong , No Jae Hong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common condition that remains challenging to treat. We hypothesized that skin-adhesive low-level light therapy (LLLT) would be an effective treatment for OAB caused by bladder muscle contraction. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an LLLT device for the treatment of OAB.

Methods
This prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial included patients with a clinical diagnosis of OAB who were treated at either of two university hospitals. Patients were instructed to apply an LLLT device (Color DNA-WSF) or a sham device at home three times daily for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in the mean daily number of urge urinary incontinence (UUI) episodes between baseline and 12 weeks. The secondary outcomes were the mean changes in incontinence, voiding, and nocturia episodes from baseline and the likelihood of achieving a > 50% reduction in UUI and incontinence episodes after 12 weeks. All patients completed the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS), Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 (UDI-6), and Impact Urinary Incontinence-7 (IIQ-7) questionnaires. Safety parameters included treatment-emergent adverse events.

Results
Compared with those in the sham group, the numbers of UUI and urinary incontinence episodes in the LLLT group were significantly decreased at week 12 (UUI, (-1.0 ± 1.7 vs. -0.4 ± 2.5, P = 0.003; urinary incontinence, -1.1 ± 1.9 vs. -0.5 ± 2.9, P=0.002). Furthermore, the OABSS, UDI-6, and IIQ-7 scores at week 12 tended to be better in the LLLT group than in the sham group. The incidence of device-related treatment-emergent adverse events was similar between groups.

Conclusions
LLLT may be clinically useful and safe for the treatment of OAB.
Amplitudes in YM and GR as a Minimal Model and Recursive Characterization
Authors: Nützi Andrea , Reiterer Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe study the tree scattering amplitudes of Yang–Mills and General Relativity as functions of complex momenta, using a homological and geometrical approach. This approach uses differential graded Lie algebras, one for YM and one for GR, whose Maurer Cartan equations are the classical field equations. The tree amplitudes are obtained as the $$L_\infty $$

L
∞

minimal model brackets, given by a trivalent Feynman tree expansion. We show that they are sections of a sheaf on the complex variety of momenta, and that their residues factor in a characteristic way. This requires classifying the irreducible codimension one subvarieties where poles occur; constructing dedicated gauges that make the factorization manifest; and proving a flexible version of gauge independence to be able to work with different gauges. The residue factorization yields a simple recursive characterization of the tree amplitudes of YM and GR, by exploiting Hartogs’ phenomenon for singular varieties. This is similar to and inspired by Britto–Cachazo–Feng–Witten recursion, but avoids BCFW’s trick of shifting momenta, hence avoids conditions at infinity under such shifts.
Consolidation of motor sequence learning eliminates susceptibility of SMAproper to TMS: a combined rTMS and cTBS study
Authors: Verwey Willem B. , Glinski Benedikt , Kuo Min-Fang , Salehinejad Mohammad Ali , Nitsche Michael A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEarlier research suggested that after 210 practice trials, the supplementary motor area (SMA) is involved in executing all responses of familiar 6-key sequences in a discrete sequence production (DSP) task (Verwey, Lammens, and van Honk, 2002). This was indicated by slowing of each response 20 and 25 min after the SMA had been stimulated for 20 min using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). The present study used a similar approach to assess the effects of TMS to the more posterior SMAproper at the end of practice and also 24 h later. As expected stimulation of SMAproper with 20 min of 1 Hz rTMS and 40 s of continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) immediately after practice slowed sequence execution relative to a sham TMS condition, but stimulation on the day following practice did not cause slowing. This indicates that offline consolidation makes learning robust against stimulation of SMAproper. Execution of all responses in the sequence was disrupted 0, 20, and 40 min after rTMS, but after cTBS, this occurred only after 40 min. The results suggest that it is implicit sequence knowledge that is processed by the SMAproper and that consolidates.
Effect of soil bacteriomes on mycorrhizal colonization by Rhizophagus irregularis—interactive effects on maize (Zea mays L.) growth under salt stress
Authors: Chen Qian , Deng Xuhui , Elzenga J. Theo M. , van Elsas Jan Dirk 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the interactive effects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis and soil bacteriomes on maize growth under salt stress (100 mM NaCl) and also the effect of salt and bacteriomes on the mycorrhizal infection levels. We found that soil bacteriomes directly promoted the growth of maize and indirectly enhanced maize biomass by increasing mycorrhizal colonization levels, irrespective of salt stress. Although R. irregularis by itself had no maize growth-promoting effect even at a high mycorrhizal colonization level in roots, its benefits to maize were reflected in other aspects, evidenced by the significantly increased rate of arbuscule formation (a proxy for a functional plant-AMF nutritional exchange) under salinity. A negative correlation between arbuscule colonization and root biomass suggested R. irregularis expands the role of maize roots. Besides, the positive correlation between the overall AMF colonization level and shoot biomass supported the tenet of a positive contribution of R. irregularis to maize growth. Our findings suggest that soil bacteriomes interactively work with R. irregularis, modulating the growth of maize by affecting the colonization of AMF in roots.
Seronegative myasthenic crisis: a multicenter analysis
Authors: Mergenthaler Philipp , Stetefeld Henning R. , Dohmen Christian , Kohler Siegfried , Schönenberger Silvia , Bösel Julian , Gerner Stefan T. , Huttner Hagen B. , Schneider Hauke , Reichmann Heinz , Fuhrer Hannah , Berger Benjamin , Zinke Jan , Alberty Anke , Kleiter Ingo , Schneider-Gold Christiane , Roth Christian , Dunkel Juliane , Steinbrecher Andreas , Thieme Andrea , Lee De-Hyung , Linker Ralf A. , Angstwurm Klemens , Meisel Andreas , Neumann Bernhard ,   for The German Myasthenic Crisis Study Group
Published: April 2022

AbstractMyasthenic crisis (MC) is a life-threatening condition for patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Seronegative patients represent around 10–15% of MG, but data on outcome of seronegative MCs are lacking. We performed a subgroup analysis of patients who presented with MC with either acetylcholine-receptor-antibody-positive MG (AChR-MG) or seronegative MG between 2006 and 2015 in a retrospective German multicenter study. We identified 15 seronegative MG patients with 17 MCs and 142 AChR-MG with 159 MCs. Seronegative MCs were younger (54.3 ± 14.5 vs 66.5 ± 16.3 years; p = 0.0037), had a higher rate of thymus hyperplasia (29.4% vs 3.1%; p = 0.0009), and were more likely to be female (58.8% vs 37.7%; p = 0.12) compared to AChR-MCs. Time between diagnosis of MG and MC was significantly longer in seronegative patients (8.2 ± 7.6 vs 3.1 ± 4.4 years; p < 0.0001). We found no differences in duration of mechanical ventilation (16.2 ± 15.8 vs 16.5 ± 15.9 days; p = 0.94) and length of stay at intensive care unit (17.6 ± 15.2 vs 17.8 ± 15.4 days; p = 0.96), or in-hospital mortality (11.8% vs. 10.1%; p = 0.69). We conclude that MC in seronegative MG affects younger patients after a longer period of disease, but that crisis treatment efficacy and outcome do not differ compared to AChR-MCs.
A simple preparation step to remove excess liquid lipids in white adipose tissue enabling improved detection of metabolites via MALDI-FTICR imaging MS
Authors: Wang Qian , Sun Na , Kunzke Thomas , Buck Achim , Shen Jian , Prade Verena M. , Stöckl Barbara , Wang Jun , Feuchtinger Annette , Walch Axel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMatrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) imaging mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful technology used to analyze metabolites in various tissues. However, it faces significant challenges in studying adipose tissues. Poor matrix distribution and crystallization caused by excess liquid lipids on the surface of tissue sections hamper m/z species detection, an adverse effect that particularly presents in lipid-rich white adipose tissue (WAT). In this study, we integrated a simple and low-cost preparation step into the existing MALDI-FTICR imaging MS pipeline. The new method—referred to as filter paper application—is characterized by an easy sample handling and high reproducibility. The aforementioned filter paper is placed onto the tissue prior to matrix application in order to remove the layer of excess liquid lipids. Consequently, MALDI-FTICR imaging MS detection was significantly improved, resulting in a higher number of detected m/z species and higher ion intensities. After analyzing various durations of filter paper application, 30 s was found to be optimal, resulting in the detection of more than 3700 m/z species. Apart from the most common lipids found in WAT, other molecules involved in various metabolic pathways were detected, including nucleotides, carbohydrates, and amino acids. Our study is the first to propose a solution to a specific limitation of MALDI-FTICR imaging MS in investigating lipid-rich WAT. The filter paper approach can be performed quickly and is particularly effective for achieving uniform matrix distribution on fresh frozen WAT while maintaining tissue integrity. It thus helps to gain insight into the metabolism in WAT.
Therapeutic drug monitoring of atomoxetine in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: a naturalistic study
Authors: Ruppert Katrin , Geffert Christoph , Clement Hans-Willi , Bachmann Christian , Haberhausen Michael , Schulz Eberhard , Fleischhaker Christian , Biscaldi-Schäfer Monica 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine is potentially among the first-line pharmacotherapy options for ADHD. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) with the quantification and interpretation of atomoxetine serum concentrations is used to determine an individual dose followed by an optimal effectiveness and minimal side effects. The aim of this retrospective pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic analysis was to derive age-appropriate recommendations for the implementation of TDM to improve the efficacy and tolerability of atomoxetine in children and adolescents. Using the analytical method of high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection, 94 serum concentrations of 74 patients between 6 and 21 years of age were determined. Therapeutic effectiveness and side effects were evaluated according to the categories “low”, “moderate”, and “significant”. As part of TDM, a time interval with maximum concentrations of 1–3 h after the administration of atomoxetine was determined for blood sampling. In this time interval, a significant correlation between the weight-normalized dose and the serum concentrations was found. The efficacy as well as the tolerability proved to be mainly moderate or significant. A preliminary therapeutic reference range was between 100 and 400 ng/ml. Naturalistic studies have limitations. Therefore, and due to a limited study population, the results have to be regarded as preliminary observations that must be confirmed in further studies. The preliminary therapeutic reference range for children and adolescents proved to be narrower than the reference range for adult patients. However, due to good efficacy and tolerability an exact reference range remained difficult to determine.
Development of brown rot epidemics in Spanish peach orchards
Authors: Villarino M. , Usall J. , Casals C. , Lamarca N. , Melgarejo P. , De Cal A. , Segarra J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA new approach to modelling epidemics of brown rot caused by Monilinia spp. in Ebro Valley peach orchards has been developed. This compartmental model was subdivided according to the phenological stages in which the disease can develop (blossom, immature fruit, and ripe fruit). Information host susceptibility, primary and secondary inoculum sources and latent infections in immature fruit was taken into account. The compartmental model is described by a system of differential equations, and is simple enough to allow an analytical study of the main epidemiological factors that determine the rate of disease progress during a single growing season. The proposed model fits well to the epidemic pattern of brown rot observed in north-eastern Spain. The transmission of the disease as a non-linear term implied that small changes in the infection rate had a large effect on the development of the disease. The model has confirmed the usefulness of removing mummies (infected fruit that remains in the crop during winter) from the field to reduce the final incidence of the disease. In addition, all control measures that reduce the rate of secondary infection in ripe fruit, either through the use of more resistant varieties or the use of fungicides, are effective in reducing brown rot incidence. The proposed epidemic model is flexible and allows to add complexities to the system and evaluate the effectiveness of different control strategies.
Root-rhizosphere-soil interactions in biopores
Authors: Wendel Anna S. , Bauke Sara L. , Amelung Wulf , Knief Claudia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Even with extensive root growth, plants may fail to access subsoil water and nutrients when root-restricting soil layers are present. Biopores, created from decaying roots or soil fauna, reduce penetration resistance and channel root growth into the deeper soil. Further positive effects on plants result from biopore traits, as the pore walls are enriched in nutrients, microbial abundance, and activity relative to bulk soil. However, negative effects on plant growth have also been observed due to root clumping in biopores, less root-soil contact than in the surrounding bulk soil and leaching of nutrients.

Scope
We discuss methods for biopore research, properties of biopores and their impact plant performance based on a literature review and own data. We elucidate potential implications of altered root-soil contact for plant growth and the consequences of root growth in pores for the rhizosphere microbiome.

Conclusions
Biopores play an important but ambiguous role in soils. The effects of biopores on plant growth depend on soil properties such as compaction and moisture in an as-yet-unresolved manner. However, pore properties and root-soil contact are key parameters affecting plant yield. Knowledge gaps exist on signaling pathways controlling root growth in pores and on mechanisms modifying rhizosphere properties inside biopores. The degree to which negative effects of biopores on plant growth are compensated in the bulk soil is also unclear. Answering these questions requires interdisciplinary research efforts and novel imaging methods to improve our dynamic understanding of root growth and rhizosphere processes within biopores and at the rhizosphere-biopore interface.
Longitudinal associations between blood lysophosphatidylcholines and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function
Authors: Tian Qu , Mitchell Brendan A. , Zampino Marta , Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLysophosphatidylcholines
(LPCs) are phospholipids critical in the synthesis of cardiolipin, an essential component of mitochondrial membranes. Lower plasma LPCs have been cross-sectionally associated with lower skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, but whether lower LPCs and their decline over time are longitudinally associated with an accelerated decline of mitochondria function is unknown. We analyzed data from 184 participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (mean age: 74.5 years, 57% women, 25% black) who had repeated measures of plasma LPCs (16:0, 16:1, 17:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, 20:3, 20:4, 24:0, and 28:1) by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and repeated measures of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity (kPCr) assessed by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy over an average of 2.4 years. Rates of change in kPCr and each LPC were first estimated using simple linear regression. In multivariable linear regression models adjusted for baseline demographics and PCr % depletion, lower baseline LPC 16:1 and faster rates of decline in LPC 16:1 and 18:1 were significantly associated with a faster rate of decline in kPCr (B =  − 0.169, 95% CI: − 0.328, − 0.010, p = 0.038; B = 0.209, 95% CI: 0.065, 0.352, p = 0.005; B = 0.156, 95% CI: 0.011, 0.301, p = 0.035, respectively). Rates of change in other LPCs were not significantly associated with change in kPCr (all p > 0.05). Lower baseline concentrations and faster decline in selected plasma lysophosphatidylcholines over time are associated with faster decline in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. Strategies to prevent the decline of plasma LPCs at an early stage may slow down mitochondrial function decline and impairment during aging.