bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical considerations for determination of scapular internal rotation and its value in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Siegert Paul , Meraner Dominik , Pokorny-Olsen Alexandra , Akgün Doruk , Korn Gundobert , Albrecht Christian , Hofstaetter Jochen G. , Moroder Philipp 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Scapulothoracic orientation, especially scapular internal rotation (SIR) may influence range of motion in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) and is subjected to body posture. Clinical measurements of SIR rely on apical bony landmarks which are subjected to changes in scapulothoracic orientation, while radiographic measurements are often limited by the restricted field of view (FOV) in CT scans. Therefore, the goal of this study was (1) to determine whether the use of CT scans with a limited FOV to measure SIR is reliable and (2) if a clinical measurement could be a valuable alternative.
Methods
This anatomical study analyzed the whole-body CT-scans of 100 shoulders in 50 patients (32 male and 18 female) with a mean age of 61.2 ± 20.1 years (range 18; 91). (1) CT-scans were rendered into 3D models and SIR was determined as previously described. Results were compared to measurements taken in 2D CT-scans with a limited FOV. (2) Three apical bony landmarks were defined: (the angulus acromii (AA), the midpoint between the AA and the coracoid process tip (C) and the acromioclavicular (AC) joint. The scapular axis was determined connecting the trigonum scapulae with these landmarks and referenced to the glenoid center. The measurements were repeated with 0°, 10°, 20°, 30° and 40° anterior scapular tilt.
Results
Mean SIR was 44.8° ± 5.9° and 45.6° ± 6.6° in the 3D and 2D model, respectively (p < 0.371). Mean difference between the measurements was 0.8°± 2.5° with a maximum of 10.5°. A Bland-Altman-Plot showed 5% outliers. Midpoint AA/C showed no significant difference to the scapular axis at 0° (p = 0.203) as did the AC joint at 10° anterior scapular tilt (p = 0.949). All other points showed a significant difference from the scapular axis at all degrees of tilt.
Conclusion
2D CT-scans are reliable to determine SIR, even if the spine is not depicted. Position of the patient in the CT scanner needs to be considered and supine positioning presents a limitation. Clinical measurements using apical superficial scapula landmarks are a possible alternative, however anterior tilt influenced by posture alters measured SIR.
Application of computer-aided design and 3D-printed template for accurate bone augmentation in the aesthetic region of anterior teeth
Authors: Liu Xin , Fang Zhou , Feng Jin , Yang Se-fei , Ren Yi-peng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose

To explore the outcomes of bone augmentation in the aesthetic zone of the anterior teeth using computer-aided design and a 3D-printed template.

Methods

Ten patients (seven females, three males) with severe bone defects in the aesthetic zone of anterior teeth were included in the study; CT data were collected before surgery. The design of the osteotomy line in the bone defect area was determined under computer simulation. The position parameters and osteotomy line of the free bone were determined via virtual surgery. A 3D-printed template was prepared to guide the accurate placement of the bone graft. Reexamination was conducted to evaluate the position of the bone graft immediately after the operation and the resorbed capacity of the bone graft before implant restoration.

Results

The position of the bone graft was consistent with the preoperative design. The amount of bone graft resorbed was within the acceptable range three months after the operation, and the effect of implant restoration was satisfactory.

Clinical significance

Use of computer-aided design and a 3D-printed template can be an effective approach for accurate bone augmentation in the aesthetic zone of the anterior teeth.
Association of the bovine aortic arch and bicuspid aortic valve with thoracic aortic disease
Authors: Sun Jing , Zhang Shuai , Qi Hongxia , Sun Cheng , Hou Zhihui , Wang Xiaoqi , Qian Xiangyang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Both bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and bovine aortic arch (BA) are considered as markers of thoracic aortic disease (TAD). But the relationship between them is not yet clear. This study aimed to explore the potential association of BAV and BA with TAD.
Methods: The study involved 449 participants who underwent their first aortic valve replacement in Fuwai Hospital from June 2017 to March 2018. All patients underwent multidetector computed tomography and echocardiography before surgery. The clinical characteristics were recorded to analyze the relationship between BAV, BA, and TAD. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to identify the risk factors for TAD.
Results: BA accounted for 79.8% of the arch variants and was the most common aortic arch branching variant. BAV was present in 52.6% of the patients with BA and 38.1% of the patients with normal arch (NA). Among the 185 patients in the BAV subgroup, 50 had BA and 135 had NA. No significant differences were found in BAV anatomical phenotype, aortopathy phenotype, and valve function between BA and NA. The multivariate analysis showed that the presence of BAV and male sex were the risk predictors of TAD. BA was not a risk factor for TAD in either univariate or multivariate analysis.
Conclusions: The proportion of BAV in patients with BA was significantly higher than that of tricuspid valve, but the BAV phenotype and aortopathy were not related to BA. BAV was a risk factor for TAD, whereas BA was not associated with TAD.
Simulating a ‘landscape of fear’: Eastern grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) reduce proportional feeding duration under exposure to native and invasive predator cues
Authors: BANDYOPADHAYAY KATHAN , Ashby Samuel S , Warren Georgia , Koprowski John L. , Baker Philip 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
a) The Landscape of Fear (LOF) concept proposes that a prey individual’s perceived risk of predation can affect their distribution and activity. Prey may perceive the risk of predation following the detection of predator cues, such as auditory, visual, and chemical signals; this has been demonstrated in numerous studies. b) There is limited understanding on the extent of the role that chemical predator cues play under the LOF concept. Within this study, a range of olfactory cues, including those of native and invasive predators, were applied to artificial feeders used by eastern grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) in a single urban site in the United Kingdom. Motion- activated cameras recorded squirrel feeding and vigilance behaviours. The durations of such behaviours were collated and analysed to determine whether the simulated presence of predators using affected squirrel foraging. c) Domestic cat (Felis catus) odours significantly reduced proportional squirrel feeding duration at feeders, compared to passive and active controls (distilled water and rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus) urine, respectively). Pine marten (Martes martes) faeces significantly reduced proportional squirrel feeding duration compared to feeding under passive control applications.(Werner and Anholt 1993; Maynard-Smith et al. 2003; Scott-Phillips 2008) d) Our results confirm previous knowledge on the LOF theory; olfactory cues of a predator disrupt prey foraging. These observations provide an insight into how predator scents can affect the distribution, feeding, and anti-predation behaviours of prey. e) Our results are discussed in the context of the following areas: the application of predator scents as a deterrent of domestic cats in an urban environment; the wider effects of pine marten reintroductions on introduced eastern grey squirrel populations; the evolutionary significance of predator chemical cues.
Metal tolerance gene family in barley: An in silico comprehensive analysis
Authors: Tanwar Umesh Kumar , Stolarska Ewelina , Rudy Elżbieta , Paluch-Lubawa Ewelina , Grabsztunowicz Magda , Arasimowicz-Jelonek Magdalena , Sobieszczuk-Nowicka Ewa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Metal-tolerance proteins (MTPs) are divalent cation transporters that play critical roles in metal tolerance and ion homeostasis in plants. However, a comprehensive study of MTPs is still lacking in crop plants. The current study aimed to comprehensively identify and characterize the MTP gene family in barley (Hv), an important crop. In total, 12 HvMTPs were identified in the barley genome in this study. They were divided into three phylogenetic groups (Zn-cation diffusion facilitator proteins [CDFs], Fe/Zn-CDFs, and Mn-CDFs) and further subdivided into seven groups (G1, G5, G6, G7, G8, G9, and G12). The majority of MTPs were hydrophobic proteins found in the plasma membrane. Gene duplication analysis of HvMTPs revealed one pair of segmental-like duplications in the barley genome. Evolutionary analysis suggested that barley MTPs undergone through purification selection. Additionally, the HvMTPs were analyzed in the pan-genome sequences of barley (20 accessions), which suggests that HvMTPs are highly conserved in barley evolution. Cis-acting regulatory elements, microRNA target sites, and protein-protein interaction analysis indicated the role of HvMTPs in a variety of biological processes. Expression profiling suggests that HvMTPs play an active role in maintaining barley nutrient homeostasis throughout its life cycle and their expression levels were not significantly altered by abiotic stresses like cold, drought, or heat. The expression of barley HvMTP genes in the presence of heavy metals such as Zn2+, Cu2+, As3+, and Cd2+ revealed that these MTPs were induced by at least one metal ion, implying their involvement in metal tolerance or transportation. The identification and comprehensive investigation of MTP gene family members will provide important gene resources for the genetic improvement of crops for metal tolerance, bioremediation, or biofortification of staple crops.
Burden of Undiagnosed Depression Among Older Adults in India: a Population Based Study
Authors: Devikrishna NB. , Mishra Nand Lal , Singh Abhishek 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
The study explored the levels and associated factors of undiagnosed depression among community-dwelling older Indian adults. It also identified the predictors of undiagnosed depression among the study population at national and state levels.
Methods
The study employed data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India wave-I, 2017-18. Based on the data on depression from interviewee’s self-reporting and measurement on CIDI-SF, CES-D scale, we estimated undiagnosed depression among older adults (age 60+). We estimated multivariable binary logistic regressions to examine the socio-demographic and health-related predictors of undiagnosed depression among older adults.
Findings
Eight percent (95% confidence interval, CI: 7.8-8.4) of the total older adults had undiagnosed depression on CIDI-SF scale and 5% (95% confidence interval, CI: 4.8-5.3) on the combined CIDI-SF and CES-D. More than 97% of the older adults who had depression were not diagnosed for depression. Undiagnosed depression was higher among those who were widowed, worked in the past and currently not working, scheduled castes, higher educated and the richest. Lack of health insurance coverage, presence of any other physical or mental impairment, family history of Alzheimer’s/Parkinson’s disease/ psychotic disorder, lower self-rated health and poor life satisfaction were significant predictors of undiagnosed depression on both CIDI-SF and combined scales.
Conclusion
To improve the health of older adults in India, targeted policy efforts integrating mental health screening, awareness campaigns and decentralization of mental healthcare to primary level is needed. Further research could explore the causal factors behind different levels of undiagnosed depression.
Deep transfer learning strategy for efficient domain generalisation in machine fault diagnosis
Authors: Asutkar Supriya , Tallur Siddharth 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Automated fault diagnosis algorithms based on vibration sensor recordings play an important role in determining the state of health of the machines. Data-driven approaches require a large number of supervised and labelled samples to build reliable models. The performance of such lab-trained models when deployed in practical use cases largely depends on their domain generalisation capability towards distinct distribution target domain datasets. These challenges are addressed to some extent by conventional parameter-based transfer learning techniques that fine-tune deeper (dense) layer parameters of the pre-trained networks when lower (convolutional) layers can capture more domain-specific information concerning the changing target domain distribution. In this work, we present a novel deep transfer learning strategy that utilises fine-tuning the parameters of convolutional layers and transfer of knowledge in the dense layers from the source domain for efficient domain generalisation and fault classification. The performance of this strategy is evaluated with two different target domain data sets, by studying the sensitivity of fine-tuning individual layers in the networks using time-frequency representations of the vibration signals (scalograms) as inputs. We observe that this strategy yields near-perfect accuracy, even for use cases where low-precision sensors are used for data collection, and unlabelled run-to-failure data with a limited number of training samples.
Attitudinal Analysis of Vaccination Effects: Egoism vs Altruism
Authors: Lee Seungjae , Ku Donggyun , Kim Gahyun , Peck Kyong Ran , Park In Kwon , Chang Rakwoo , Kim Donghan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In a situation that repeated vaccinations are required as the epidemic spreads, individuals are concerned about whether they are vaccinated or not. If an individual has immunity from an infection or vaccine, they recognise that the very small risk associated with vaccination is relatively greater than the risk of infection. When repeated vaccinations are conducted in society, a dilemma arises wherein the number of vaccine-avoiding individuals increases. This phenomenon is described using an indivisible-based Monte Carlo simulation, which can also be verified using the game theory. The agent’s uncooperative ego exists as the Nash equilibrium. Altruism individuals’ overall social benefits, that is, group immunity for completely controlled diseases, can be presented as the optimum value of the system. This rationale enables us to present new insights to help explain human decision-making. Currently, as COVID-19 becomes an endemic, infection risks are decreasing. Decreasing individual gains for vaccines owing to the reduced risk of infection will make it relatively more challenging to overcome the disease.
High Sensitivity Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on ITO-Coated Photonic Crystal Fiber with Simple Structure
Authors: Pan Honggang , Cui Nan , Zhang Ailing , Shi Yanmei , Cao Chuanbo , Chen Zhipan , Zhang Bo , Lin Sihang , Cao Guangxiao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The design flexibility of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is convenient for sensor design. In this paper, we propose a high sensitivity surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated PCF with simple structure. A structure consisting of four square air holes is used for the sensing of bio-analytes.To supports the SPR, we use a novel conductor material for ITO and a continuous metal film to help improve the sensing performance. According to numerical results, the maximum wavelength sensitivity of the sensor can reach 28500 nm/RIU. It has high wavelength resolution of 3.5×10− 6 RIU and the refractive index detection range of the sensor is 1.33–1.40. Besides, the sensor has a highly linear sensing performance. Considering the simple structure and competitive sensing performance,the sensor can detect the refractive index of liquid in a wide range and accurately detect the refractive index of liquid in a small range such as plasma, hemoglobin,etc.
Safety and Efficacy of Hizentra ® Following Pediatric Hematopoietic Cell Transplant for Treatment of Primary Immunodeficiencies
Authors: Patel Niraj C , Torgerson Troy , Thakar Monika , Younger Elizabeth M , Sriar Panida , Pozos Tamara , Buckley Rebecca , Morris David , Vilkama Diana , Heimall Jennifer 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Primary Immunodeficiency disease (PIDD) comprise a group of disorders of immune function. Some of the most severe PIDD can be treated with hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). Hizentra® is a 20% liquid IgG product approved for subcutaneous administration in adults and children greater than two years of age with PIDD-associated antibody deficiency. Limited information is available on use of Hizentra® in children following HCT for PIDD. A multicenter retrospective chart review demonstrated 37 infants and children (median age 70.1 [range 12.0 to 176.4] months) with PIDD treated by HCT who received Hizentra® infusions over a median duration of 31 (range 4-96) months post-transplant. The most common indication for HCT was IL2RG SCID (n=16). Thirty-two patients switched from IVIG to SCIG administration, due to one or more of the following reasons: patient/caregiver (n=17) or physician (n=12) preference, discontinuation of central venous catheter (n=16), desire for home infusion (n=12), improved IgG serum levels following lower levels on IVIG (n=10), and loss of venous access (n=8). Serious bacterial infections occurred at a rate of 0.041 per patient-year while on therapy. Weight percentile increased by a mean of 16% during the observation period, with females demonstrating the largest gains. Mild local reactions were observed in 24%; 76% had no local reactions. One serious adverse event (death from sepsis) was reported. Hizentra® was discontinued in 15 (41%) patients, most commonly due to recovery of B-cell function (n=11). These data demonstrate that Hizentra® is a safe and effective option in children who have received HCT for PIDD.
Fasting and non-fasting lipoproteins and apolipoproteins for long-term outcome prediction in Chinese patients with coronary heart disease：a prospective observational study
Authors: Zhang Junfeng , Tang Zhengde , Jiang Jintong , Huang Shuying , Zeng Huasu , Gu Jun , Wang Changqian , Zhang Huili 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Within 24 hours a day, people are mostly in a non-fasting state. However, little is known about the characteristics and clinical significance of non-fasting lipids in Chinese population with coronary heart disease (CHD) in response to traditional Chinses diets.
Methods
A total number of 1022 Chinese CHD patients with coronary artery luminal stenosis more than 40% diagnosed by coronary artery angiography were enrolled. All the patients received the routine treatment for CHD, including statins. They were divided into intermediate stenosis group (luminal stenosis 40–70%, n = 486) or severe stenosis group (luminal stenosis > 70%, n = 536). Their blood lipid profiles were measured in the fasting state or 4 hours after normal breakfast. All the participants followed up for five years. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) including all cause death, cardiac death, myocardial infarction, unscheduled coronary revascularization and stroke were recorded.
Results
After normal breakfast intake, patients with either intermediate or severe stenosis had an apparent increase from the fasting state in the levels of TG, remnant cholesterol (RC) and ApoA1, but a significant reduction in the levels of total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, non-HDL-C, Apo B and Apo E. Multivariate logistic regression models showed that both the fasting and non-fasting levels of HDL-C and Apo A1 was negatively associated with the severity of coronary artery stenosis. In addition to the traditional risk factors (age, male, diabetes and smoking) and the severity of coronary artery stenosis, both the fasting and non-fasting levels of lipoproteins (LDL-C and HDL-C) and apolipoproteins (Apo A1 and Apo B) were identified as independent predictors of 5-year MACE occurrence by multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis.
Conclusion
This prospective observational study demonstrated that the levels of lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in either fasting or non-fasting state were highly associated with the long-term risk of MACE in Chinses CHD patients. Measurements of lipid profiles in the non-fasting state may be feasible for CHD management in routine clinical practice in China.
Darcy-Forchheimer flow of maxwell nanofluid flow over a Porous Stretching Sheet with Arrhenius Activation Energy and Nield Boundary Conditions
Authors: Jawad Muhammad , Hameed Maria Kirn , Mebarek-Oudina F. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Now a days cooling is need of industry. This study is described for investigating the influence of heat and mass transfer over convective Darcy-Forchheimer flow of maxwell nanofluid through linear porous stretched sheet. Further, the impacts of chemical reaction, thermal conductivity and thermophoresis are also part of this study. The analysis of heat and mass transfer of Maxwell fluid in the presence of nanoparticles with convective and nield condition is examined. To convert the governing PDEs of velocity, temperature and nano concentration with activation energy into a couple of nonlinear ODEs we apply the appropriate similarity variables. Shooting method is applied to solve the set of highly nonlinear ordinarily differential equations numerically and obtained numerical results are associated with those gained by the help of MATLAB bvp4c solver and Mathematica ND-solve built in command. The influence of prominent parameters of interest like chemical effusion, Prandtl number, Biot number, radiative heat flux Brownian motion, Lewis number, thermophoresis parameter, magnetic parameter, Reynolds number, thermophoresis parameter, on, non-dimension velocity, heat and nano concentration distribution has been deliberated and heat transfer features is also encompassed. The numerical values obtained for defined profiles are presented through graphs and tables.
Inclusive Random Sampling in Graphs and Networks
Authors: Novick Yitzchak , BarNoy Amotz 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
It is often of interest to sample vertices from a graph with a bias towards higher-degree vertices. One well-known method, which we call random neighbor or RN, involves taking a vertex at random and exchanging it for one of its neighbors. Loosely inspired by the friendship paradox, the method is predicated on the fact that the expected degree of the neighbor is greater than or equal to the expected degree of the initial vertex. Another method that is actually perfectly analogous to the friendship paradox is random edge, or RE, where an edge is sampled at random, and then one of the two endpoint vertices is selected at random. Obviously, random sampling is only required when full knowledge of the graph is unattainable. But, while it is true in most cases that knowledge of all vertices’ degrees cannot be obtained, it is often trivial to learn the degree of specific vertices that have already been isolated. In light of this, we suggest a tweak to both RN and RE, inclusive random sampling. In inclusive random neighbor (IRN) the initial vertex and the selected neighbor are considered, in inclusive random edge (IRE) the two endpoint vertices are, and in both cases, we learn the degree of each and select the vertex of higher degree. This paper explores inclusive random sampling through theoretical analysis and experimentation. We establish many meaningful bounds on IRN and IRE’s performances, in particular in comparison to each other and to their exclusive counterparts. Our analyses highlight differences of the exclusive versions as well. The results provide practical insight for strategizing a random sampling method, and also highlight graph characteristics that impact the question of which methods will perform strongly in which graphs.