bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charge transfer effect: a new assignment of the abnormal optical absorption band of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Shi Lexian , Wang Can , Su Dong , Zhang Lisheng , Wang Peijie , Fang Yan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As a significant accompanying phenomenon of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), the addition of foreign molecules to colloidal gold or silver nanoparticles results in a new abnormal optical absorption (AOA) band, which usually appears in the long-wavelength region. The assignment of this AOA band has long been debated as an important issue that is desired to be addressed in the SERS field, which is crucial for a clear understanding of the SERS enhancement mechanism and beneficial to surface plasmonics. In this study, both the calculated and measured optical absorptions of gold nanoparticle monomers and dimers as well as their interactions with adsorbed molecules, showed that the AOA band in the long-wavelength region which was assigned to the characteristic longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of gold nanoparticle chain aggregates in conventional SERS electromagnetic theory, should be attributed to the charge-transfer resonance absorption from gold nanoparticles to adsorbed molecules. This was further confirmed by the corresponding SERS effects. As the excitation wavelength at 785 nm was resonant with the broad AOA band centered at 750 nm, the SERS peaks of the adsorbed pyridine molecules could be dramatically enhanced due to the charge-transfer resonance effect. In contrast, under an excitation wavelength of 532 nm, the SERS peaks appeared very weak, although the excitation wavelength was resonant with the LSPR absorption band of the individual gold nanoparticles.
Towards the characterization of the tumor microenvironment through dictionary learning-based interpretable classification of multiplexed immunofluorescence images
Authors: Krishnan Santhoshi N , Barua Souptik , Frankel Timothy L , Rao Arvind 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective. Histology image analysis is a crucial diagnostic step in staging and treatment planning, especially for cancerous lesions. With the increasing adoption of computational methods for image analysis, significant strides are being made to improve the performance metrics of image segmentation and classification frameworks. However, many developed frameworks effectively function as black boxes, granting minimal context to the decision-making process. Thus, there is a need to develop methods that offer reasonable discriminatory power and a biologically-informed intuition to the decision-making process. Approach. In this study, we utilized and modified a discriminative feature-based dictionary learning (DFDL) paradigm to generate a classification framework that allows for discrimination between two distinct clinical histologies. This framework allows us (i) to discriminate between 2 clinically distinct diseases or histologies and (ii) provides interpretable group-specific representative dictionary image patches, or ‘atoms’, generated during classifier training. This implementation is performed on multiplexed immunofluorescence images from two separate patient cohorts- a pancreatic cohort consisting of cancerous and non-cancerous tissues and a metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) cohort of responders and non-responders to an immunotherapeutic treatment regimen. The analysis was done at both the image-level and subject-level. Five cell types were selected, namely, epithelial cells, cytotoxic lymphocytes, antigen presenting cells, HelperT cells, and T-regulatory cells, as our phenotypes of interest. Results. We showed that DFDL had significant discriminant capabilities for both the pancreatic pathologies cohort (subject-level AUC-0.8878) and the mNSCLC immunotherapy response cohort (subject-level AUC-0.7221). The secondary analysis also showed that more than 50% of the obtained dictionary atoms from the classifier contained biologically relevant information. Significance. Our method shows that the generated dictionary features can help distinguish patients presenting two different histologies with strong sensitivity and specificity metrics. These features allow for an additional layer of model interpretability, a highly desirable element in clinical applications for identifying novel biological phenomena.
Introduce a rotational robust optimization framework for spot-scanning proton arc (SPArc) therapy
Authors: Chang Sheng , Liu Gang , Zhao Lewei , Zheng Weili , Yan Di , Chen Peter , Li Xiangpan , Deraniyagala Rohan , Stevens Craig , Grills Inga , Chinnaiyan Prakash , Li Xiaoqiang , Ding Xuanfeng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective. Proton dosimetric uncertainties resulting from the patient’s daily setup errors in rotational directions exist even with advanced image-guided radiotherapy techniques. Thus, we developed a new rotational robust optimization SPArc algorithm (SPArcrot) to mitigate the dosimetric impact of the rotational setup error in Raystation ver. 6.02 (RaySearch Laboratory AB, Stockholm, Sweden). Approach. The initial planning CT was rotated ±5° simulating the worst-case setup error in the roll direction. The SPArcrot uses a multi-CT robust optimization framework by taking into account of such rotational setup errors. Five cases representing different disease sites were evaluated. Both SPArcoriginal and SPArcrot plans were generated using the same translational robust optimized parameters. To quantitatively investigate the mitigation effect from the rotational setup errors, all plans were recalculated using a series of pseudo-CT with rotational setup error (±1°/±2°/±3°/±5°). Dosimetric metrics such as D98% of CTV, and 3D gamma analysis were used to assess the dose distribution changes in the target and OARs. Main results. The magnitudes of dosimetric changes in the targets due to rotational setup error were significantly reduced by the SPArcrot compared to SPArc in all cases. The uncertainties of the max dose to the OARs, such as brainstem, spinal cord and esophagus were significantly reduced using SPArcrot. The uncertainties of the mean dose to the OARs such as liver and oral cavity, parotid were comparable between the two planning techniques. The gamma passing rate (3%/3 mm) was significantly improved for CTV of all tumor sites through SPArcrot. Significance. Rotational setup error is one of the major issues which could lead to significant dose perturbations. SPArcrot planning approach can consider such rotational error from patient setup or gantry rotation error by effectively mitigating the dose uncertainties to the target and in the adjunct series OARs.
A probability model for anatomical robust optimisation in head and neck cancer proton therapy
Authors: Zhang Ying , Alshaikhi Jailan , Tan Wenyong , Royle Gary , Bär Esther 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective. Develop an anatomical model based on the statistics of the population data and evaluate the model for anatomical robust optimisation in head and neck cancer proton therapy. Approach. Deformable image registration was used to build the probability model (PM) that captured the major deformation from patient population data and quantified the probability of each deformation. A cohort of 20 nasopharynx patients was included in this retrospective study. Each patient had a planning CT and 6 weekly CTs during radiotherapy. We applied the model to 5 test patients. Each test patient used the remaining 19 training patients to build the PM and estimate the likelihood of a certain anatomical deformation to happen. For each test patient, a spot scanning proton plan was created. The PM was evaluated using proton spot location deviation and dose distribution. Main results. Using the proton spot range, the PM can simulate small non-rigid variations in the first treatment week within 0.21 ± 0.13 mm. For overall anatomical uncertainty prediction, the PM can reduce anatomical uncertainty from 4.47 ± 1.23 mm (no model) to 1.49 ± 1.08 mm at week 6. The 95% confidence interval (CI) of dose metric variations caused by actual anatomical deformations in the first week is −0.59% ∼ −0.31% for low-risk CT D
95, and 0.84–3.04 Gy for parotid D
mean. On the other hand, the 95% CI of dose metric variations simulated by the PM at the first week is −0.52 ∼ −0.34% for low-risk CTV D
95, and 0.58 ∼ 2.22 Gy for parotid D
mean. Significance. The PM improves the estimation accuracy of anatomical uncertainty compared to the previous models and does not depend on the acquisition of the weekly CTs during the treatment. We also provided a solution to quantify the probability of an anatomical deformation. The potential of the model for anatomical robust optimisation is discussed.
Effective six-band model and unconventional spin-singlet pairing in Kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5
Authors: Bai Xiao-Cheng , Wu Wen-Feng , Wang Han-Yu , Quan Ya-Min , Wang Xianlong , Zeng Zhi , Zou Liang-Jian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Recently synthesized Kagome compounds AV3Sb5 attract great attention due to the unusual coexistence of the topology, charge density wave, and superconductivity. In this work, based on the band structures for CsV3Sb5 in the pristine phase, we construct an effective six-band model for the low-energy processes; utilizing the random phase approximation on the effective six-band model, we show that the

E

1
u

(p wave) pairing dominates in the region of

0
<
U
<
0.32

eV, the

A

2
g

(I wave) in the region of

0.32
<
U
<
0.75

eV and the

E

2
g

(d wave) in the region of

0.75
<
U
<
1

eV. Considering that the correlation in AV3Sb5 is weak or intermediate, these results suggest that pairing symmetry is

A

2
g

(I-wave) in the CsV3Sb5, which can explain some recent experiments about pairing symmetry.
Heat transport in an optical lattice via Markovian feedback control
Authors: Wu Ling-Na , Eckardt André 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Ultracold atoms offer a unique opportunity to study many-body physics in a clean and well-controlled environment. However, the isolated nature of quantum gases makes it difficult to study transport properties of the system, which are among the key observables in condensed matter physics. In this work, we employ Markovian feedback control to synthesize two effective thermal baths that couple to the boundaries of a one-dimensional Bose–Hubbard chain. This allows for the realization of a heat-current-carrying state. We investigate the steady-state heat current, including its scaling with system size and its response to disorder. In order to study large systems, we use semi-classical Monte-Carlo simulation and kinetic theory. The numerical results from both approaches show, as expected, that for non- and weakly interacting systems with and without disorder one finds the same scaling of the heat current with respect to the system size as it is found for systems coupled to thermal baths. Finally, we propose and test a scheme for measuring the energy flow. Thus, we provide a route for the quantum simulation of heat-current-carrying steady states of matter in atomic quantum gases.
Evaluating the corrosion resistance of marine steels under different exposure environments via machine learning
Authors: Li Zhuang , Long Zhilin , Lei Shan , Liu Xiaowei , Yang Lingming , Zhang Wei , Zhang Ting 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The corrosion behavior of marine engineering steels in marine environment is an extremely complex process, which poses great challenge to accurately evaluate the corrosion resistance of various stees in different marine environment. Owing to the wide application of machine learning (ML) approaches and the accumulation of corrosion data of different steels in natural marine environment, herein, we reported eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) ML models for predicting the corrosion rate in submerged, tidal and splash zones. By taking material composition, environmental factors and exposure time as inputs, the developed prediction models can well predict the corrosion rate with the accuracy of 93%, 96% and 93% for submerged, tidal and splash zones, respectively. In addition, we identified the key factors affecting the corrosion resistance of steels in different marine zones, and analyzed the relationship between these factors and corrosion rate by applying SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method. This work demonstrates that ML model combined with SHAP method are efficient in evaluating corrosion behavior of various steels in different marine environment.
Investigating structural, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of Zr doped and Ti-Zr co-doped GaN for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Junaid Iqbal Khan M , Liu Juan , Batool Saima , Latif Abid , Majeed Iqra , Yousaf M , Taj Imran , Ullah Hamid , Mustansar Zartasha , Yousaf Masood , Ahmad Javed , Asghar Mazia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Search of new novel materials for bringing advancement in the field of energy storage and optical materials is tremendously growing in order to meet future challenges. Gallium nitride (GaN) shows exceptional optoelectronic behavior which is highly needed for production of optoelectronic devices. Therefore, in this research study, we investigate the structural, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of pure GaN, titanium doped GaN (Ti@GaN), zirconium doped GaN (Zr@GaN) and Ti-Zr co-doped GaN using the Wien2k code. Proactive role of dopants Ti and Zr d-states is observed which appreciably tune electronic properties. GaN remains non-magnetic after zirconium substitution with Ga atom however, Ti doping and Ti-Zr co-doping produce magnetism into GaN with total magnetic moments of 0.99

μ

B

,

and 1.503

μ

B

,

respectively. Substitution of Ti/Zr into GaN may be more favorable at N-rich conditions due to lower formation energy. Absorption spectrum of Ti@GaN and Zr@GaN show blueshift while for Ti-Zr@GaN material exhibit redshift. However, absorption spectra of both proposed materials significantly enhanced in the UV region which propose their potential uses in the high power UV optoelectronics, spintronics, photonics devices and in solid state nano-emitters.
A theoretical approach for quantum memory based on modified superradiance lattice
Authors: Shabbir Atif , Qamar Sajid 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We propose modified superradiance lattice (MSL) based scheme to realize quantum memory where intensity of the control field plays an important role in achieving high storage efficiency. We report that via proposed scheme one can store light with 96% storage efficiency having corresponding fidelity of 99% and group delay 1 μs. We notice that the group delay can be enhanced to 10 μs via manipulation of the control field, however, the storage efficiency is reduced to 87%. The benefit of considering MSL for the quantum memory is that one can obtain directional light. The main advantage of the proposed scheme is that it does not require large optical depth to obtain high storage efficiency, which makes it experimentally more viable.
Search for spatial coincidence between IceCube neutrinos and radio pulsars
Authors: Pasumarti Vibhavasu , Desai Shantanu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We search for a spatial association between radio pulsars and ultra-high energy neutrinos using the publicly available IceCube point source neutrino events catalog. For this purpose we use the unbinned maximum likelihood method to search for a statistically significant excess from each of the pulsars in the ATNF catalog. We do not find any pulsars with detection significance much higher than that expected from a Gaussian distribution, Therefore, we conclude that none of the currently known pulsars contribute to the diffuse neutrino flux detected by IceCube.
EEG guided electrical stimulation parameters generation from texture force profiles
Authors: Eldeeb Safaa , Akcakaya Murat 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective. Our aim is to enhance sensory perception and spatial presence in artificial interfaces guided by EEG. This is done by developing a closed-loop electro-tactile system guided by EEG that adaptively update the electrical stimulation parameters to achieve EEG responses similar to the EEG responses generated from touching textured surface. Approach. In this work, we introduce a model that defines the relationship between the contact force profiles and the electrical stimulation parameters. This is done by using the EEG and force data collected from two experiments. The first was conducted by moving a set of textured surfaces against the subjects’ fingertip, while collecting both EEG and force data. Whereas the second was carried out by applying a set of different pulse and amplitude modulated electrical stimuli to the subjects’ index finger while recording EEG. Main results. We were able to develop a model which could generate electrical stimulation parameters corresponding to different textured surfaces. We showed by offline testing and validation analysis that the average error between the EEG generated from the estimated electrical stimulation parameters and the actual EEG generated from touching textured surfaces is around 7%. Significance. Haptic feedback plays a vital role in our daily life, as it allows us to become aware of our environment. Even though a number of methods have been developed to measure perception of spatial presence and provide sensory feedback in virtual reality environments, there is currently no closed-loop control of sensory stimulation. The proposed model provides an initial step towards developing a closed loop electro-tactile haptic feedback model that delivers more realistic touch sensation through electrical stimulation.
A comprehensive review of properties of the biocompatible thin films on biodegradable Mg alloys
Authors: Rajan S Thanka , Arockiarajan A 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMagnesium (Mg) and its alloys have attracted attention as biodegradable materials for biomedical applications owing to their mechanical properties being comparable to that of bone. Mg is a vital trace element in many enzymes and thus forms one of the essential factors for human metabolism. However, before being used in biomedical applications, the early stage or fast degradation of Mg and its alloys in the physiological environment should be controlled. The degradation of Mg alloys is a critical criterion that can be controlled by a surface modification which is an effective process for conserving their desired properties. Different coating methods have been employed to modify Mg surfaces to provide good corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. This review aims to provide information on different coatings and discuss their physical and biological properties. Finally, the current withstanding challenges have been highlighted and discussed, followed by shedding some light on future perspectives.
Foreign yield shocks and domestic price variability: the case of maize in developing countries
Authors: Chen Bowen , Villoria Nelson B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
International trade helps to smooth food price swings caused from seasonal imbalances between domestic supply and demand. Trade also increases the possibility of importing price volatility from abroad. This concern looms large in the face of increased crop yield variability associated with climate change. We assess the extent to which maize yield shocks in exporting countries exacerbate the intra-seasonal variability of maize prices in a cross section of 75 markets in Africa, Asia, and Latin American countries during 2000/01–2017/18. We find that extreme below-trend reductions in maize yields in exporting countries are associated with increased intra-annual maize price variability in the focus countries. In contrast, above-trend maize yields in exporting countries are associated with reduced variability.
Dingle’s final main rule, Berry’s transition, and Howls’ conjecture
*
Authors: Nemes Gergő 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Stokes phenomenon is the apparent discontinuous change in the form of the asymptotic expansion of a function across certain rays in the complex plane, known as Stokes lines, as additional expansions, pre-factored by exponentially small terms, appear in its representation. It was first observed by G G Stokes while studying the asymptotic behaviour of the Airy function. R B Dingle proposed a set of rules for locating Stokes lines and continuing asymptotic expansions across them. Included among these rules is the ‘final main rule’ stating that half the discontinuity in form occurs on reaching the Stokes line, and half on leaving it the other side. M V Berry demonstrated that, if an asymptotic expansion is terminated just before its numerically least term, the transition between two different asymptotic forms across a Stokes line is effected smoothly and not discontinuously as in the conventional interpretation of the Stokes phenomenon. On a Stokes line, in accordance with Dingle’s final main rule, Berry’s law predicts a multiplier of

1
2

for the emerging small exponentials. In this paper, we consider two closely related asymptotic expansions in which the multipliers of exponentially small contributions may no longer obey Dingle’s rule: their values can differ from

1
2

on a Stokes line and can be non-zero only on the line itself. This unusual behaviour of the multipliers is a result of a sequence of higher-order Stokes phenomena. We show that these phenomena are rapid but smooth transitions in the remainder terms of a series of optimally truncated hyperasymptotic re-expansions. To this end, we verify a conjecture due to C J Howls.
Confinement phase in carbon-nanotubes and the extended massive Schwinger model
Authors: Oka Takashi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Carbon nanotube with electric fluxes confined in one dimension is studied. We show that a Coulomb interaction

∝

|

x

|

leads to a confinement phase with many properties similar to QCD in 4D. Low-energy physics is described by the massive Schwinger model with multi-species fermions labeled by the band and valley indices. We propose two means to detect this state. One is through an optical measurement of the exciton spectrum, which has been calculated via the ’t Hooft–Berknoff equation with the light-front field theory. We show that the Gell–Mann−Oakes−Renner relation is satisfied by a dark exciton. The second is the nonlinear transport which is related to Coleman’s ‘half-asymptotic’ state.
Symmetries and conservation laws of the one-dimensional shallow water magnetohydrodynamics equations in Lagrangian coordinates
Authors: Kaptsov E I , Meleshko S V , Dorodnitsyn V A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Symmetries of the one-dimensional shallow water magnetohydrodynamics equations (SMHD) in Gilman’s approximation are studied. The SMHD equations are considered in case of a plane and uneven bottom topography in Lagrangian and Eulerian coordinates. Symmetry classification separates out all bottom topographies which yields substantially different admitted symmetries. The SMHD equations in Lagrangian coordinates were reduced to a single second order PDE. The Lagrangian formalism and Noether’s theorem are used to construct conservation laws of the SMHD equations. Some new conservation laws for various bottom topographies are obtained. The results are also represented in Eulerian coordinates. Invariant and partially invariant solutions are constructed.