bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of magnesium supplementation on abnormal uterine bleeding, alopecia, quality of life, and acne in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Jaripur Mahsima , Ghasemi-Tehrani Hatav , Askari Gholamreza , Gholizadeh-Moghaddam Mahsa , Clark Cain C. T. , Rouhani Mohammad Hossein 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), alopecia, low quality of life, and acne are considered as complications of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We hypothesized that magnesium supplementation would yield beneficial effects on PCOS related complications.

Objective
To examine the effects of magnesium supplementation on AUB, alopecia, quality of life, and acne.

Methods
In this parallel randomized clinical trial, we randomly assigned 64 women with PCOS to the magnesium group (n = 32) or placebo group (n = 32) for 10 weeks. AUB, alopecia, quality of life, and acne were assessed by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics criterion, the Sinclair Scale, the Health Survey Quality of Life Questionnaire, and the Global Acne Grading System, respectively. This randomized clinical trial was registered at IRCT.ir (IRCT20130903014551N9).

Results
Magnesium supplementation significantly improved the components of quality of life including physical functioning (p = 0.011), role limitations due to physical health (p = 0.012), role limitations due to emotional problems (p < 0.001), energy/fatigue (p = 0.005), emotional wellbeing (p < 0.001), social functioning (p = 0.002), general health (p = 0.013), and total quality of life (p < 0.001), compared with placebo. No significant effect was observed on acne, alopecia, and AUB.

Conclusion
Magnesium supplementation in women with PCOS had a significant positive effect on improving total quality of life.

Trial registration
This randomized clinical trial was registered at IRCT.ir on 2020–10-18 (Registration Code: IRCT20130903014551N9).
A comparison of functional outcomes following inpatient versus outpatient hip or knee arthroplasty
Authors: Sattler Larissa , Kisaloff Luke , Cragnolini Taiyler , Peters Radd , Hing Wayne 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The length of hospital stay after lower limb arthroplasty has rapidly decreased in the last decade, largely in part due to the rise of improved perioperative protocols, but also as a response to the increased economic demand associated with the rapid growth in hip and knee arthroplasty procedures. In line with this, the development of a new pathway after lower limb arthroplasty that allows for the surgery to be performed in an outpatient setting and permits for same-day discharge after the procedure is increasingly being offered. Although costs and complications between the inpatient and outpatient models have been compared, there appears to be little known about the effects on a patient’s physical function after undergoing hip or knee outpatient arthroplasty. Therefore, this systematic review aims to explore the available evidence for the effect on functional outcomes following inpatient versus outpatient hip or knee arthroplasty.

Methods
This systematic review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and was prospectively registered (https://osf.io/8bfae/). An electronic search of three online databases (PubMed, CINAHL and EMBASE) was conducted to identify eligible studies. All studies investigating inpatient and outpatient comparator groups, for a population of patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty, that assessed one or more functional outcomes, were included. A methodological quality appraisal was undertaken for the final studies contained in this review. A narrative synthesis of results is described along with quantitative outcomes presented in tables and figures.

Results
A total of seven studies containing 1,876 participants were included in this review. Four studies assessed a THA population, two assessed TKA and one assessed both. Functional outcomes varied, with 20 different functional outcomes utilised, of which 18 were patient-reported tools. Results of functional outcomes offered mixed support for both inpatient and outpatient pathways.

Conclusions
The results of this review suggest that outpatient or inpatient pathway selection for hip or knee arthroplasty should not be based on the superiority of functional outcomes alone. However, given there is growing evidence in support of an outpatient pathway in select patients with respect to cost savings and without any increase in complications, it could be proposed that an equivalency of post-operative function between the two settings makes same-day discharge favourable.
Publicly registered with Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/8bfae/).
Toxoplasma gondii dense granule protein 3 promotes endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis by activating the PERK pathway
Authors: Obed Cudjoe , Wu Minmin , Chen Ying , An Ran , Cai Haijian , Luo Qingli , Yu Li , Wang Jie , Liu Fang , Shen Jilong , Du Jian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Toxoplasma gondii is a neurotropic single-celled parasite that can infect mammals, including humans. Central nervous system infection with T. gondii infection can lead to Toxoplasma encephalitis. Toxoplasma infection can cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) activation, which ultimately can lead to apoptosis of host cells. The dense granule protein GRA3 has been identified as one of the secretory proteins that contribute to the virulence of T. gondii; however, the mechanism remains enigmatic.

Methods
The expression of the GRA3 gene in RH, ME49, Wh3, and Wh6 strains was determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR). pEGFP-GRA3Wh6 was constructed by inserting Chinese 1 Wh6 GRA3 (GRA3Wh6) cDNA into a plasmid encoding the enhanced GFP. Mouse neuro2a (N2a) cells were transfected with either pEGFP or pEGFP-GRA3Wh6 (GRA3Wh6) and incubated for 24–36 h. N2a cell apoptosis and ER stress-associated proteins were determined using flow cytometry and immunoblotting. Furthermore, N2a cells were pretreated with GSK2656157 (a PERK inhibitor) and Z-ATAD-FMK (a caspase-12 inhibitor) before GRA3Wh6 transfection, and the effect of the inhibitors on GRA3Wh6-induced ER stress and apoptosis were investigated.

Results
GRA3 gene expression was higher in the less virulent strains of type II ME49 and type Chinese 1 Wh6 strains compared with the virulent strains of type I RH strain and type Chinese 1 Wh3 strain. Transfection with GRA3Wh6 plasmid induced neuronal apoptosis and increased the expression of GRP78, p-PERK, cleaved caspase-12, cleaved caspase-3, and CHOP compared with the control vector. Pretreatment with GSK2656157 and Z-ATAD-FMK decreased apoptosis in N2a cells, and similarly, ER stress- and apoptosis-associated protein levels were significantly decreased.

Conclusion
GRA3 induces neural cell apoptosis via the ER stress signaling pathway, which could play a role in toxoplasmic encephalitis.

Graphical Abstract
Reactive strength index during single-limb vertical continuous jumps after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: cross-sectional study
Authors: Hirohata Kenji , Aizawa Junya , Ohmi Takehiro , Ohji Shunsuke , Mitomo Sho , Ohara Toshiyuki , Koga Hideyuki , Yagishita Kazuyoshi , Jinno Tetsuya , Okawa Atsushi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The association of the reactive strength index (RSI) during single-limb vertical continuous jumps (SVCJs) with single-limb hop tests in athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is unclear. Thus, this study aimed to confirm the measurement properties of the RSI during SVCJs in athletes with ACLR at the phase of determining the timing of their return to sport.

Methods
RSI during SVCJs and single-limb hop (single, triple, and crossover) tests were measured for post-ACLR and healthy athletes. The limb symmetry index (LSI) was calculated using the measurements of each parameter. For each test, patients were divided into two subgroups according to their LSI score (≥ 90%, satisfactory; < 90%, unsatisfactory). Fisher’s exact test was used to examine the association of single-limb hop tests with RSI during the SVCJs.

Results
A total of 21 post-ACLR and 17 healthy athletes completed all the tests. RSI during SVCJs was significantly lower on the involved limb than on the uninvolved limb in post-ACLR athletes (P < 0.001). The LSI of RSI during SVCJs of post-ACLR athletes was significantly lower than that of the healthy athletes (P < 0.01). Among the post-ACLR athletes, < 30% of those with LSIs > 90% in the single-limb hop tests had an LSI > 90% of the RSI during SVCJs.

Conclusions
RSI during SVCJs of post-ACLR athletes was significantly lower on the involved limb than on the uninvolved limb, and the asymmetry was more remarkable in the SVCJs than in the single-limb hop tests.
Diabetic ketoacidosis as first presentation of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults in a patient with hashitoxicosis as first presentation of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: a case report
Authors: Xenou Maria , Zoupas Ioannis , Lygnos Dimitrios , Fousteris Evangelos 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults is an infrequent form of autoimmune diabetes mellitus, while Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, the most common thyroid disease in adults, rarely manifests as thyrotoxicosis. The concurrent initial presentation of these two autoimmune disorders is extremely rare.

Case presentation
A 29-year-old male of Albanian descent presented after being hospitalized owing to diabetic ketoacidosis. The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus was placed, and intensified insulin therapy was initiated. Medical history was not of significance except a 5 kg weight loss within 2 months. The patient presented with recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia, and the doses of preprandial and basal insulin were reduced. The differential diagnosis included type 1 diabetes mellitus “honeymoon” period or another type of diabetes mellitus. His serological tests only revealed positive autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 and C-peptide. The diagnosis leaned toward latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, and the therapeutic approach involved cessation of preprandial insulin therapy, regulation, and subsequent discontinuation of basal insulin and introduction of metformin. Two years later, basal insulin was reintroduced along with a glucagon-like peptide-receptor agonist and metformin. Further physical examination during the initial visit disclosed upper limb tremor, lid lag, excessive sweating, increased sensitivity to heat, and tachycardia. Laboratory tests were indicative of hashitoxicosis (suppressed level of thyroid-stimulating hormone, high levels of total and free thyroid hormones, positive anti-thyroglobulin and anti-thyroid peroxidase, and negative anti-thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor). Thyroid-stimulating hormone level was spontaneously restored, but an increase was observed during follow-up. Levothyroxine was administrated for 2 years until the patient had normal thyroid function.

Conclusions
The prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults ranges from 20% to 30%. This correlation can be attributed to genetic involvement as well as disorders of immune tolerance to autoantigens. Hence, this report gives prominence to the holistic approach and consideration of comorbidities in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Rif1 interacts with non-canonical polycomb repressive complex PRC1.6 to regulate mouse embryonic stem cells fate potential
Authors: Li Lu , Li Pishun , Chen Jiale , Li Li , Shen Yunfan , Zhu Yangzixuan , Liu Jiayi , Lv Lu , Mao Song , Chen Fang , Hu Guang , Yuan Kai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) cycle in and out of a transient 2-cell (2C)-like totipotent state, driven by a complex genetic circuit involves both the coding and repetitive sections of the genome. While a vast array of regulators, including the multi-functional protein Rif1, has been reported to influence the switch of fate potential, how they act in concert to achieve this cellular plasticity remains elusive. Here, by modularizing the known totipotency regulatory factors, we identify an unprecedented functional connection between Rif1 and the non-canonical polycomb repressive complex PRC1.6. Downregulation of the expression of either Rif1 or PRC1.6 subunits imposes similar impacts on the transcriptome of mESCs. The LacO-LacI induced ectopic colocalization assay detects a specific interaction between Rif1 and Pcgf6, bolstering the intactness of the PRC1.6 complex. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis further reveals that Rif1 is required for the accurate targeting of Pcgf6 to a group of genomic loci encompassing many genes involved in the regulation of the 2C-like state. Depletion of Rif1 or Pcgf6 not only activates 2C genes such as Zscan4 and Zfp352, but also derepresses a group of the endogenous retroviral element MERVL, a key marker for totipotency. Collectively, our findings discover that Rif1 can serve as a novel auxiliary component in the PRC1.6 complex to restrain the genetic circuit underlying totipotent fate potential, shedding new mechanistic insights into its function in regulating the cellular plasticity of embryonic stem cells.
HPLC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of aflatoxins in blood: toxicokinetics of aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin M1 in rats
Authors: Chen Mobing , Liu Xinze , Yang Shuo , Chen Zhuonan , Di Bin , Liu Wei , Yan Hui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMycotoxins are highly toxic fungal metabolites that can pose health threats to humans and animals. Aflatoxins are a type of mycotoxin produced mainly by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. A sensitive high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) method with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes was developed for the determination of aflatoxins in blood after acetonitrile precipitation extraction. The limits of quantification of aflatoxins ranged from 0.05 to 0.2 ng/mL. Intra-day accuracy ranged from 92 to 111.0%, and intra-day precision (n = 6) ranged from 1 to 8%. Inter-day accuracy and precision were 94.0–102.0% and 2.0–8.0%, respectively. The toxicokinetics of AFB1 and its metabolite AFM1 after a single oral administration (AFB1 1 mg/kg body weight) were studied in male Sprague–Dawley rats. The blood AFB1 and AFM1 profiles could be adequately described by a noncompartmental model. The highest concentration of AFB1 (Cmax 93.42 ± 23.01 ng/mL) was observed with Tmax at 0.15 ± 0.034 h. AFB1 was rapidly metabolized to AFM1 which reached its peak blood concentration (Cmax 53.86 ± 12.12 ng/mL) at 0.33 ± 0.11 h. The HPLC–MS/MS method was simple and sensitive, appropriate for studying the in vivo toxicokinetics of aflatoxins.
Too soon to discard Kraepelin: improving diagnosis by appropriate use of neo-Kraepelinian and unitary psychosis models
Authors: Huda Ahmed , Petch Joel 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARYThere is a debate in psychiatry regarding whether it is better to use neo-Kraepelinian diagnostic categories or unitary models of psychosis in clinical practice. This article argues that clinicians should use either model as appropriate for the case in question, along with the conceptual framework used in the clinical management of psychosis without a clear biological cause. It first explores the values involved in the development of psychiatric classification systems, the purpose of classification and how we reached the current DSM/ICD and unitary models of psychosis. It then describes a diagnostic approach in which the choice of model should depend on the case in question, and offers a diagnostic protocol to guide the decision.
Thermodynamics and neutral sets in the RNA sequence-structure map
Authors: Martin N. S. , Ahnert S. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The sequence-structure map of biological macromolecules, also referred to as a genotype-phenotype (GP) map, shapes evolutionary processes by determining how mutations affect molecular structures. RNA secondary structure constitutes a central model in the field, both because of the availability of efficient folding algorithms and the biological importance of RNA structures. Despite the immense knowledge about the characteristics of the RNA GP map, there is not enough understanding of how these characteristics emerge from the underlying energetics of RNA folding. In this paper, we fill this gap with a computational study of the connection between the energy gap between the lowest-energy structures, here referred to as the stability, and the characteristics of the GP map. We focus on neutral sets, i.e., sequences that share a structure, and on connected neutral components within neutral sets. We find first that both mean stability and the stability change through point mutations are linked to the size of neutral sets and neutral components and secondly that the typical stability change through mutations depends on structural characteristics. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the RNA GP map and are relevant for evolutionary processes since stability may be under selection.
Toward a Ruminant Gastronomy
Authors: Donati Kelly 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFor millennia, gastronomy has concerned itself with the deceptively simple question of how best to eat and live. This article proposes gastronomy as a fertile discourse, practice, and site of scholarly inquiry for thinking about the social and sensual pleasures of eating and living well across species difference. Based on ethnographic fieldwork with a cheesemaker in southern Australia, this article asks what it means to take seriously goats as gastronomic subjects and to consider what a ruminant gastronomy might look like within the web of creaturely relations that make cheese possible. The article highlights the cultivation of practices of attentiveness, focusing on the use of Obsalim, a system for managing ruminant health by interpreting the “language of the rumen.” Thinking about and responding to the rumen’s microbial communities offers productive possibilities for understanding how goats bring their evaluations to bear on the quality of their nourishment. This counternarrative to Western gastronomy’s humanist orientations proposes a re-imagination of the multi-species liveliness on which the practices and politics of eating well depend.
Acoustic and postural displays in a miniature and transparent teleost fish,Danionella dracula
Authors: Tatarsky Rose L. , Guo Zilin , Campbell Sarah C. , Kim Helena , Fang Wenxuan , Perelmuter Jonathan T. , Schuppe Eric R. , Conway Kevin W. , Reeve Hudson K. , Bass Andrew H. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTAcoustic behavior is widespread across vertebrates, including fishes. We report robust acoustic displays during aggressive interactions for a laboratory colony of Danionella dracula, a miniature and transparent species of teleost fish closely related to zebrafish (Danio rerio), which are hypothesized to be sonic based on the presence of a hypertrophied muscle associated with the male swim bladder. Males produce bursts of pulsatile sounds and a distinct postural display – extension of a hypertrophied lower jaw, a morphological trait not present in other Danionella species – during aggressive but not courtship interactions. Females show no evidence of sound production or jaw extension in such contexts. Novel pairs of size-matched or -mismatched males were combined in resident–intruder assays where sound production and jaw extension could be linked to individuals. In both dyad contexts, resident males produced significantly more sound pulses than intruders. During heightened sonic activity, the majority of the highest sound producers also showed increased jaw extension. Residents extended their jaw more than intruders in size-matched but not -mismatched contexts. Larger males in size-mismatched dyads produced more sounds and jaw extensions compared with their smaller counterparts, and sounds and jaw extensions increased with increasing absolute body size. These studies establish D. dracula as a sonic species that modulates putatively acoustic and postural displays during aggressive interactions based on residency and body size, providing a foundation for further investigating the role of multimodal displays in a new model clade for neurogenomic and neuroimaging studies of aggression, courtship and other social interactions.
Defensive shimmering responses in Apis dorsata are triggered by dark stimuli moving against a bright background
Authors: Vijayan Sajesh , Warrant Eric J. , Somanathan Hema 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Giant honeybees, including the open-nesting Asian giant honeybee Apis dorsata, display a spectacular collective defence behaviour – known as ‘shimmering’ – against predators, which is characterised by travelling waves generated by individual bees flipping their abdomens in a coordinated and sequential manner across the bee curtain. We examined whether shimmering is visually mediated by presenting moving stimuli of varying sizes and contrasts to the background (dark or light) in bright and dim ambient light conditions. Shimmering was strongest under bright ambient light, and its strength declined under dim light in this facultatively nocturnal bee. Apis dorsata shimmered only when presented with the darkest stimulus against a light background, but not when this condition was reversed (light stimulus against dark background). This response did not attenuate with repeated exposure to the stimuli, suggesting that shimmering behaviour does not undergo habituation. We suggest that this is an effective anti-predator strategy in open-nesting A. dorsata colonies which are exposed to high ambient light, as flying predators are more easily detected when they appear as dark moving objects against a bright sky. Moreover, the stimulus detection threshold (smallest visual angular size) is much smaller in this anti-predatory context (1.6–3.4 deg) than in the context of foraging (5.7 deg), indicating that ecological context affects the visual detection threshold.
Enhancement of Oxygen Reduction Activity of Fe-added Zirconium Oxide Electrocatalysts without Conductive Supports in Sulfuric Acid
Authors: Takeuchi Yuu , Watanabe Keita , Matsuzawa Koichi , Nagai Takaaki , Ikegami Kaoru , Monden Ryuji , Ishihara Akimitsu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fe-added zirconium oxide electrocatalyst was synthesized using pyrazine carboxylic acid for catalyzing oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) in acidic media. The optimization of the Fe-additive ratio led to the highest onset potential of 0.917 V for ORR at −10 mA gcat−1 compared to that of previous studies. The high ORR activity was due to the formation of high-quality active sites with Fe addition in monoclinic ZrO2 and a suitable electron supply path created through carbon deposited using a pyrazine carboxylic acid complex.