bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Evaluation of Biocompatibility, Elemental Composition and Surface Analysis of Retrieved Infra-zygomatic Screws
Authors: Singh Amoli , Shetty Siddarth , Kotian Ravindra , Rao Padmalatha , Pais Mikitha 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe study aimed to assess the alterations in the morphology, elemental composition, and biocompatibility of infra-zygomatic crest (IZC) miniscrews, before and after their insertion in the patient’s oral cavity. The study was conducted on 16 IZC miniscrews (8 as-received and 8 retrieved). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the miniscrew surfaces. Micrographs were obtained at ×50, ×100, and ×500 magnification. The miniscrews were subjected to Energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis to investigate the elemental composition. It was performed at four zones of each miniscrew- head, neck, body, tip. Corrosion of the miniscrews was analyzed through the potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) test by immersing the stainless steel (SS) miniscrews in an artificial saliva medium (pH 5.8) and then allowing it to obtain a steady-state open-circuit potential (OCP) for 15 min. Gingival fibroblasts were cultured using gingival tissue which was used to check the biocompatibility of the miniscrews by observing their proliferation and viability by MTT colorimetric assay. The SEM analysis showed generalized surface dullness, variable corrosion, craters, and blunting in the retrieved miniscrews. EDX analyses showed the deposition of additional elements: carbon, oxygen, calcium, and nitrogen in the retrieved miniscrews. PDP tests showed a higher corrosion rate in the retrieved miniscrews, but the results were not significant. The MTT assay showed that the cell viability was higher in the as-received group and the results were statistically significant with apvalue of 0.002. It was concluded that the retrieved miniscrews exhibited morphologic surface changes in the form of dullness, blunting of threads and tips, corrosion, craters, and cracks which were not seen in the as-received miniscrews. A higher percentage of adsorbed elements were seen on the retrieved miniscrew surface. The corrosion rate assessed through the PDP test for both groups was comparable. The fibroblast cell viability was significantly reduced in the retrieved miniscrews when compared to as-received miniscrews.
Selection, Optimization, and Compensation Strategies and Within-Day Changes in Occupational Well-Being
Authors: Moghimi Darya , Scheibe Susanne , Zacher Hannes 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAccording to the selection, optimization, compensation (SOC) model, employees can actively influence their well-being. However, associations could differ at the within- and between-person levels. Considering SOC strategies as dynamic processes that unfold during a workday, we hypothesized that selection-focused strategies are related to decreased work fatigue, whereas pursuit-focused strategies are related to increased work fatigue at the end of the work day. We further hypothesized that preference-based strategies are related to increased job satisfaction, whereas loss-based strategies are related to decreased job satisfaction at the end of a workday. We tested these hypotheses with a sample of 244 employees who completed twice-daily measurements over ten consecutive work days. Day-level results of multi-level analyses showed that, controlling for morning levels of workload and autonomy, loss-based selection was positively related to changes in work fatigue. Optimization and compensation were positively related to changes in job satisfaction, whereas loss-based selection was negatively related to changes in job satisfaction. At the person-level, loss-based selection was associated with higher work fatigue, and optimization with higher job satisfaction. In supplemental analyses, we found little evidence for reversed relationships. Results suggest that links exist between SOC strategies and within-day changes in occupational well-being, yet the direction of effects differs between strategies.
Discrete-Variable-Thrust Guidance for Orbital Rendezvous Based on Feedback Linearization
Authors: Napoli I. , Pontani M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis research is focused on the analysis, design, and numerical testing of a feedback guidance algorithm for autonomous (unmanned) close-range maneuvering of a chaser spacecraft, in the context of orbital rendezvous with a target vehicle. The relative dynamics of the two vehicles, placed in nearby low Earth orbits, is modeled using the nonlinear Battin–Giorgi equations of relative motion, with the inclusion of all the relevant perturbations, i.e. several harmonics of the geopotential, atmospheric drag, solar radiation pressure, and third body gravitational pull due to Moon and Sun. Unlike several former contributions in the scientific literature, this research considers the orbit perturbing actions on both vehicles, proving that this is crucial for a successful maneuver. Feedback linearization provides the theoretical foundation for the definition and development of a guidance algorithm that is capable of driving the chaser vehicle toward the target spacecraft. Moreover, discrete-variable thrust is considered, and an effective modulation scheme is proposed that includes adaptation of the control gains. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the guidance technique at hand is effective and accurate in driving the chaser spacecraft toward the target vehicle, in the presence of orbit perturbations and unpredictable displacements from the nominal initial conditions.
Beyond cost reduction: improving the value of energy storage in electricity systems
Authors: Parzen Maximilian , Neumann Fabian , Van Der Weijde Adriaan H. , Friedrich Daniel , Kiprakis Aristides 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFrom a macro-energy system perspective, an energy storage is valuable if it contributes to meeting system objectives, including increasing economic value, reliability and sustainability. In most energy systems models, reliability and sustainability are forced by constraints, and if energy demand is exogenous, this leaves cost as the main metric for economic value. Traditional ways to improve storage technologies are to reduce their costs; however, the cheapest energy storage is not always the most valuable in energy systems. Modern techno-economical evaluation methods try to address the cost and value situation but do not judge the competitiveness of multiple technologies simultaneously. This paper introduces the ‘market potential method’ as a new complementary valuation method guiding innovation of multiple energy storage. The market potential method derives the value of technologies by examining common deployment signals from energy system model outputs in a structured way. We apply and compare this method to cost evaluation approaches in a renewables-based European power system model, covering diverse energy storage technologies. We find that characteristics of high-cost hydrogen storage can be more valuable than low-cost hydrogen storage. Additionally, we show that modifying the freedom of storage sizing and component interactions can make the energy system 10% cheaper and impact the value of technologies. The results suggest looking beyond the pure cost reduction paradigm and focus on developing technologies with suitable value approaches that can lead to cheaper electricity systems in future.
Graphical Abstract
Moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal) seeds: A review on nutritional properties and health benefits
Authors: Bhadkaria Amita , Narvekar Dakshita Tanaji , Gupta Neha , Khare Akanksha , Bhagyawant Sameer Suresh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEnsuing protein malnutrition in developing countries, an affordable protein food source needs to be distinguished. Fabaceae family accommodate moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia L.) as its one of the important members that ascertains exceptional nutritional composition. Moth bean is a drought-tolerant food legume of the tropics. Seeds of moth bean serve abundant food protein source besides carbohydrate, fatty acids, minerals and vitamins. Additionally, the level of antioxidant and polyphenol contents in moth bean seeds are substantial. Moth bean legume has several health benefits capable of preventing cardiac diseases, diabetes and obesity to humans, if consumed regularly. This review address nutritional bioavailability and associated health benefits in the seeds of moth bean.
High levels of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis: Implications for hospital-based antibiotic stewardship in Sierra Leone
Authors: Lakoh Sulaiman , Kanu Joseph Sam , Conteh Sarah K. , Russell James B.W. , Sevalie Stephen , Williams Christine Ellen Elleanor , Barrie Umu , Kabia Aminata Kadie , Conteh Fatmata , Jalloh Mohamed Boie , Deen Gibrilla F. , Kabba Mustapha S. , Lebbie Aiah , Kamara Ibrahim Franklyn , Fofanah Bobson Derrick , Maruta Anna , Kallon Christiana , Sahr Foday , Samai Mohamed , Adekanmbi Olukemi , Yi Le , Guo Xuejun , Kamara Rugiatu Z. , Jiba Darlinda F. , Okeibunor Joseph Chukwudi , Yendewa George A. , Firima Emmanuel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Despite the impact of inappropriate prescribing on antibiotic resistance, data on surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. In this study, we evaluated antibiotic use and consumption in surgical prophylaxis in 4 hospitals located in 2 geographic regions of Sierra Leone.

Methods:
We used a prospective cohort design to collect data from surgical patients aged 18 years or older between February and October 2021. Data were analyzed using Stata version 16 software.

Results:
Of the 753 surgical patients, 439 (58.3%) were females, and 723 (96%) had received at least 1 dose of antibiotics. Only 410 (54.4%) patients had indications for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis consistent with local guidelines. Factors associated with preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis were the type of surgery, wound class, and consistency of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis with local guidelines. Postoperatively, type of surgery, wound class, and consistency of antibiotic use with local guidelines were important factors associated with antibiotic use. Of the 2,482 doses administered, 1,410 (56.8%) were given postoperatively. Preoperative and intraoperative antibiotic use was reported in 645 (26%) and 427 (17.2%) cases, respectively. The most commonly used antibiotic was ceftriaxone 949 (38.2%) with a consumption of 41.6 defined daily doses (DDD) per 100 bed days. Overall, antibiotic consumption was 117.9 DDD per 100 bed days. The Access antibiotics had 72.7 DDD per 100 bed days (61.7%).

Conclusions:
We report a high rate of antibiotic consumption for surgical prophylaxis, most of which was not based on local guidelines. To address this growing threat, urgent action is needed to reduce irrational antibiotic prescribing for surgical prophylaxis.
Pastoralists and Violent Conflict along the Oromia–Somali Border in Eastern Ethiopia: Institutional Options toward Peacebuilding
Authors: Kenee Fekadu Beyene 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFour theories are used to explain the causes and dynamics of violent conflict along the Oromia–Somali Border in eastern Ethiopia. Of these, political economy (greed versus grievance) and political ecology theories are instrumental in understanding the main drivers of violence. Politicization of ethnicity and the self-centered behavior of political elites have increased the complexity of the conflict. Fekadu Kenee demonstrates that peacebuilding efforts require respect for the outcomes of referendums on the disputed territorial units and revitalization of customary systems, among others. While customary institutions can resolve conflicts at least temporarily, sustained community dialogue needs to be part of the political reform to build lasting inter-regional peace.
Community engagement education in academic health centers, colleges, and universities
Authors: Doubeni Chyke A. , Nelson David , Cohn Elizabeth Gross , Paskett Electra , Asfaw Seleshi Ayalew , Sumar Mehek , Ahmed Syed M. , McClinton-Brown Rhonda , Wieland Mark L. , Kinney Anita , Aguilar-Gaxiola Sergio , Rosas Lisa G. , Patino Cecilia M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Community engagement (CE) is critical for advancing health equity and a key approach for promoting inclusive clinical and translational science. However, it requires a workforce trained to effectively design, implement, and evaluate health promotion and improvement strategies through meaningful collaboration with community members. This paper presents an approach for designing CE curricula for research, education, clinical care, and public health learners. A general pedagogical framework is presented to support curriculum development with the inclusion of community members as facilitators or faculty. The overall goal of the curriculum is envisioned as enabling learners to effectively demonstrate the principles of CE in working with community members on issues of concern to communities to promote health and well-being. We highlight transformations needed for the commonly used critical service-learning model and the importance of faculty well-versed in CE. Courses may include didactics and practicums with well-defined objectives and evaluation components. Because of the importance of building and maintaining relationships in CE, a preparatory phase is recommended prior to experiential learning, which should be guided and designed to include debriefing and reflective learning. Depending on the scope of the course, evaluation should include community perspectives on the experience.
Variability and the form–function framework in evolutionary biomechanics and human locomotion
Authors: Murray Alison A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe form–function conceptual framework, which assumes a strong relationship between the structure of a particular trait and its function, has been crucial for understanding morphological variation and locomotion among extant and fossil species across many disciplines. In biological anthropology, it is the lens through which many important questions and hypotheses have been tackled with respect to relationships between morphology and locomotor kinematics, energetics and performance. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that the morphologies of fossil hominins, apes and humans can confer considerable locomotor diversity and flexibility, and can do so with a range of kinematics depending on soft tissue plasticity and environmental and cultural factors. This complexity is not built into traditional biomechanical or mathematical models of relationships between structure and kinematics or energetics, limiting our interpretation of what bone structure is telling us about behaviour in the past. The nine papers presented in this Special Collection together address some of the challenges thatvariationin the relationship between form and function pose in evolutionary biomechanics, to better characterise the complexity linking structure and function and to provide tools through which we may begin to incorporate some of this complexity into our functional interpretations.
Do we Know it When we See it? A Review of ‘Pseudoscience’ Patterns of Usage
Authors: Letrud Kåre 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDefinitions of ‘pseudoscience’ are required to heed the established usage of the definiendum by subsuming those cases that are generally considered to be pseudoscientific, and by excluding those that are considered sciences. In this paper I sample the published record to assess the consensus on pseudoscience case classifications. The review finds inconclusive evidence for an overall agreement. However, the frequent usage of a small number of pseudoscience-cases indicates that these are considered paradigms of pseudoscience. I briefly discuss some practical implications of these findings for the pseudoscience demarcation project.
Directed harmonic currents near non-hyperbolic linearizable singularities
Authors: CHEN ZHANGCHI 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLet$(\mathbb {D}^2,\mathscr {F},\{0\})$be a singular holomorphic foliation on the unit bidisc$\mathbb {D}^2$defined by the linear vector field$$ \begin{align*} z \frac{\partial}{\partial z}+ \unicode{x3bb} w \frac{\partial}{\partial w}, \end{align*} $$where$\unicode{x3bb} \in \mathbb {C}^*$. Such a foliation has a non-degenerate singularity at the origin${0:=(0,0) \in \mathbb {C}^2}$. LetTbe a harmonic current directed by$\mathscr {F}$which does not give mass to any of the two separatrices$(z=0)$and$(w=0)$. Assume$T\neq 0$. The Lelong number ofTat$0$describes the mass distribution on the foliated space. In 2014 Nguyên (see [16]) proved that when$\unicode{x3bb} \notin \mathbb {R}$, that is, when$0$is a hyperbolic singularity, the Lelong number at$0$vanishes. Suppose the trivial extension$\tilde {T}$across$0$is$dd^c$-closed. For the non-hyperbolic case$\unicode{x3bb} \in \mathbb {R}^*$, we prove that the Lelong number at$0$:(1)is strictly positive if$\unicode{x3bb}>0$;(2)vanishes if$\unicode{x3bb} \in \mathbb {Q}_{<0}$;(3)vanishes if$\unicode{x3bb} <0$andTis invariant under the action of some cofinite subgroup of the monodromy group.
Quality of life of mothers of children and adolescents with mental health problems in Mongolia: associations with the severity of children's mental health problems and family structure
Authors: Aoki Ai , Togoobaatar Ganchimeg , Tseveenjav Anudari , Nyam Naranbaatar , Zuunnast Khishigsuren , Takehara Kenji 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), most parents of children with mental health problems receive limited support from social and health services while caring for their children. However, research on the quality of life (QOL) of these parents in LMICs is limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between maternal QOL and children's mental health problems, and other related factors in Mongolia.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis of children aged 4–17 years who lived in Ulaanbaatar and visited the National Mental Health Centre in Mongolia and their mothers was conducted. The mothers' QOL was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF, and the severity of children's mental health problems was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed using the mothers' WHOQOL domain scores as dependent variables and the children's SDQ scores and demographic and socioeconomic factors as explanatory variables.ResultsA total of 242 child-mother dyads were included in this study, and 231 dyads were included in the multivariate regression analyses. Children's SDQ internalising scores were negatively associated with all four maternal QOL domain scores, while their externalising scores were negatively associated with maternal physical and psychological domain scores. Non-cohabitation of fathers was negatively associated with physical, social, and environmental domain scores, and non-cohabitation of grandparents was associated with psychological and environmental domain scores.ConclusionsIn Mongolia, maternal QOL is influenced by the severity of children's mental health problems and family member support. These findings highlight the importance of developing systems to support all families.
Upper and lower limit oscillation conditions for first-order difference equations
Authors: Öcalan Özkan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work, we consider the first-order difference equation with general argument\[ \varDelta x(n)+p(n)x\left( \tau (n)\right) =0,\quad n\geq 0, \]where$(p(n))$is a sequence of non-negative real numbers,$(\tau (n))$is a sequence of integers such that$\tau (n)< n$for$\ n\in \mathbf {N},\,$and$\ \lim _{n\rightarrow \infty }\tau (n)=\infty.$Under the assumption that the deviating argument is not necessarily monotone, we obtain some new oscillation conditions and improve the all known results for the above equation in the literature, involving only upper and only lower limit conditions. Two examples illustrating the results are also given.
Instrument for the evaluation of higher surgical training experience in the operating theatre
Authors: Lau K L , Scurrah R , Cocks H 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe operating theatre, as the primary learning environment for surgeons, needs to be conducive to achieve successful training. A validated 27-item questionnaire aimed at evaluating the training experience of higher surgical trainees in the operating theatre was developed.MethodsThe initial questionnaire was developed using a literature review and a focus group. Items were validated with content validity index (CVI) and Cronbach's alpha.ResultsThe initial version of 33 questions was modified in the focus group into a 29-item 4-point Likert scale questionnaire covering 3 areas. Of these 29 items, 27 reached the threshold CVI of 0.87, and they achieved a Cronbach's alpha of 0.89 from 17 responses.ConclusionThe quantitative validations in the instrument are comparable to other existing medical education evaluation tools. Aspects of non-technical skills and human factors were featured heavily and perceived to be important for learning in the operating theatre.
On vagueness and parochialism in psychological research on groups
Authors: Ratner Kyle G. , Hamilton David L. , Brewer Marilynn B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPietraszewski asserts that social psychological research on groups is too vague, tautological, and dependent on intuitions to be theoretically useful. We disagree. Pietraszewski's contribution is thought-provoking but also incomplete and guilty of many of the faults he attributes to others. Instead of rototilling the existing knowledge landscape, we urge for more integration of new and old ideas.
Private versus public: A dual model for resource-constrained conflict representations
Authors: DeDeo Simon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPietraszewski's representation scheme is parsimonious and intuitive. However, internal mental representations may be subject to resource constraints that prefer more unusual systems such as sparse coding or compressed sensing. Pietraszewski's scheme may be most useful for understanding how agents communicate. Conflict may be driven in part by the complex interplay between parsimonious public representations and more resource-efficient internal ones.
Coalitionary psychology and group dynamics on social media
Authors: Deminchuk Jeff , Mishra Sandeep 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPietraszewski's model allows understanding group dynamics through the lens of evolved coalitionary psychology. This framework is particularly relevant to understanding group dynamics on social media platforms, where coalitions based on salience of group identity are prominent and generate unique frictions. We offer testable hypotheses derived from the model that may help to shed light on social media behavior.
More “us,” less “them”: An appeal for pluralism – and stand-alone computational theorizing – in our science of social groups
Authors: Pietraszewski David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe target article is an appeal to allow explicit computational theorizing into the study of social groups. Some commentators took this proposal and ran with it, some had questions about it, and some were confused or even put off by it. But even the latter did not seem to outright disagree – they thought the proposal was mutually exclusive with some other enterprise, when in fact it is not. Unfortunately, scientists studying social groups have not yet avoided the thread-bare trope of the blind men studying the different parts of the elephant: We see mutual exclusivity when we should see complementarity. I hope we can all take the next steps of examining how the different enterprises and approaches within our area of research might all fit together into a unified whole.