bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AC-PCoA: Adjustment for confounding factors using principal coordinate analysis
Authors: Wang Yu , Sun Fengzhu , Lin Wei , Zhang Shuqin 
Published: July 2022

Confounding factors exist widely in various biological data owing to technical variations, population structures and experimental conditions. Such factors may mask the true signals and lead to spurious associations in the respective biological data, making it necessary to adjust confounding factors accordingly. However, existing confounder correction methods were mainly developed based on the original data or the pairwise Euclidean distance, either one of which is inadequate for analyzing different types of data, such as sequencing data.
In this work, we proposed a method called Adjustment for Confounding factors using Principal Coordinate Analysis, or AC-PCoA, which reduces data dimension and extracts the information from different distance measures using principal coordinate analysis, and adjusts confounding factors across multiple datasets by minimizing the associations between lower-dimensional representations and confounding variables. Application of the proposed method was further extended to classification and prediction. We demonstrated the efficacy of AC-PCoA on three simulated datasets and five real datasets. Compared to the existing methods, AC-PCoA shows better results in visualization, statistical testing, clustering, and classification.
Fides: Reliable trust-region optimization for parameter estimation of ordinary differential equation models
Authors: Fröhlich Fabian , Sorger Peter K. 
Published: July 2022

Ordinary differential equation (ODE) models are widely used to study biochemical reactions in cellular networks since they effectively describe the temporal evolution of these networks using mass action kinetics. The parameters of these models are rarely knowna prioriand must instead be estimated by calibration using experimental data. Optimization-based calibration of ODE models on is often challenging, even for low-dimensional problems. Multiple hypotheses have been advanced to explain why biochemical model calibration is challenging, including non-identifiability of model parameters, but there are few comprehensive studies that test these hypotheses, likely because tools for performing such studies are also lacking. Nonetheless, reliable model calibration is essential for uncertainty analysis, model comparison, and biological interpretation.We implemented an established trust-region method as a modular Python framework (fides) to enable systematic comparison of different approaches to ODE model calibration involving a variety of Hessian approximation schemes. We evaluatedfideson a recently developed corpus of biologically realistic benchmark problems for which real experimental data are available. Unexpectedly, we observed high variability in optimizer performance among different implementations of the same mathematical instructions (algorithms). Analysis of possible sources of poor optimizer performance identified limitations in the widely used Gauss-Newton, BFGS and SR1 Hessian approximation schemes. We addressed these drawbacks with a novel hybrid Hessian approximation scheme that enhances optimizer performance and outperforms existing hybrid approaches. When applied to the corpus of test models, we found thatfideswas on average more reliable and efficient than existing methods using a variety of criteria. We expectfidesto be broadly useful for ODE constrained optimization problems in biochemical models and to be a foundation for future methods development.
Assessment of the consistency of health and demographic surveillance and household survey data: A demonstration at two HDSS sites in The Gambia
Authors: Jasseh Momodou , Rerimoi Anne J. , Reniers Georges , Timæus Ian M. 
Published: July 2022

Objective
To assess whether an adapted Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) like cross-sectional household survey with full pregnancy histories can demonstrate the validity of health and demographic surveillance (HDSS) data by producing similar population structural characteristics and childhood mortality indicators at two HDSS sites in The Gambia–Farafenni and Basse.

Methods
A DHS-type survey was conducted of 2,580 households in the Farafenni HDSS, and 2,907 in the Basse HDSS. Household members were listed and pregnancy histories obtained for all women aged 15–49. HDSS datasets were extracted for the same households including residency episodes for all current and former members and compared with the survey data. Neonatal (0–28 days), infant (<1 year), child (1–4 years) and under-5 (< 5 years) mortality rates were derived from each source by site and five-year periods from 2001–2015 and by calendar year between 2011 and 2015 using Kaplan–Meier failure probabilities. Survey-HDSS rate ratios were determined using the Mantel-Haenszel method.

Results
The selected households in Farafenni comprised a total population of 27,646 in the HDSS, compared to 26,109 captured in the household survey, implying higher coverage of 94.4% (95% CI: 94.1–94.7; p<0.0001) against a hypothesised proportion of 90% in the HDSS. All population subgroups were equally covered by the HDSS except for the Wollof ethnic group. In Basse, the total HDSS population was 49,287, compared to 43,538 enumerated in the survey, representing an undercount of the HDSS by the survey with a coverage of 88.3% (95% CI: 88.0–88.6; p = 1). All sub-population groups were also under-represented by the survey. Except for the neonatal mortality rate for Farafenni, the childhood mortality indicators derived from pregnancy histories and HDSS data compare reasonably well by 5-year periods from 2001–2015. Annual estimates from the two data sources for the most recent quinquennium, 2011–2015, were similar in both sites, except for an excessively high neonatal mortality rate for Farafenni in 2015.

Conclusion
Overall, the adapted DHS-type survey has reasonably represented the Farafenni HDSS database using population size and structure; and both databases using childhood mortality indicators. If the hypothetical proportion is lowered to 85%, the survey would adequately validate both HDSS databases in all considered aspects. The adapted DHS-type sample household survey therefore has potential for validation of HDSS data.
Jewelry in Kazakh Culture: Transformation of Traditions in Modern Conditions
Authors: Shalginbaeva S.H. , Boyarintseva X.E. 
Published: July 2022

Jewelry for many centuries to the present is a valuable material for the study of the history of the people, they are not only aesthetically, but also spiritually filled with sacred semantic meaning, identification of elements of art with the surrounding world, representing one of the forms of language in which communication takes place with the help of signs and symbols, enclosed not only in the decor and ornamentation, but also the material itself.
The role and place of national jewelry in modernity is considered according to the results of a sociological survey conducted by means of a questionnaire, by means of personal transmission and filling out questionnaires, as well as the Internet, an online survey system among the Kazakh population.
The purpose of the survey was to study the degree of use of national ornaments in modern times, as well as the respondents' understanding of the sacred and symbolic meanings contained in them. As a result of the analysis of the materials, the authors came to the conclusion that national jewelry is worn more often by middle-aged women, silver is preferred among metals. Of the stones, precious ones dominate, ornaments and sacred-symbolic meaning in jewelry are not given due attention by the respondents. Currently, middle-aged women prefer Kazakh jewelry, purchasing silver jewelry with precious stones, without paying attention to the sacred and symbolic meaning in jewelry.
THE EFFECT OF EXTRUSION PROCESSING ON THE PROTEIN COMPLEX OF FLAXSEED CAKE
Authors: Yanova Marina Anatolʹyevna , Snegireva Natalʹya Vladimirovna , Khizhnyak Sergey Vitalʹyevich 
Published: July 2022

As objects of research, we used the products of processing of oil flax seeds of the varieties August, Isilkulsky, Legur, Sokol and LM-98, grown on the experimental field of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals, Tyumen (2020). Flaxseed cake is obtained by "cold" pressing of oil by pressing, extruded flaxseed cake by passing the previously obtained cake through the extruder. The amino acid composition was determined by capillary electrophoresis on an automatic amino acid analyzer of the KAREL brand.
14 amino acids have been identified, of which 8 are irreplaceable. The total amount of essential amino acids is higher in the Sokol and August varieties (linseed cake – 18.19 and 10.48%, extruded linseed cake – 9.92 and 7.29%, respectively). Of the essential amino acids found in flaxseed cake, the highest content differs: lysine (from 2.86 to 1.08%), phenylalanine (from 3.82 to 1.22%), leucine and isoleucine (3.88–1.49%) , valine (4.00–1.13%), threonine (2.30–1.52%) and, accordingly, in extruded flaxseed cake: lysine (from 1.60 to 0.72 %), phenylalanine (from 1.98 up to 1.06 %), leucine and isoleucine (1.96–1.08%), valine (1.93–0.912%), threonine (1.77–0.81%). The results obtained allow us to recommend extruded flaxseed cake for expanding the range of bakery and flour confectionery products.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF GRADE PO-TATO TUBERS
Authors: Аleksashina Sofʹya Anatolʹyevna , Makarova Nadezhda Viktorovna 
Published: July 2022

One of the problems of modern society is the increasing detrimental effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the cellular structure of the human body - the so-called oxidative stress. Potatoes are eaten almost everywhere and can become a stable and cheap source of natural antioxidants in the human body, thereby providing a preventive effect against chronic non-infectious diseases (oncology, diabetes mellitus, diseases of the cardiovascular system). To reduce the technological cycle of production at public catering enterprises, peeled potatoes are used. Of significant interest is the change in the antioxidant activity and chemical composition of such semi-finished potatoes, depending on the packaging option and storage time. It was found that the analyzed potato samples grown on the territory of the Samara region of the Volzhsky district really have antioxidant activity. The concept of the grade of the analyzed raw material affects such indicators as the content of phenols, acidity and mass fraction of reducing sugars. The highest accumulation of phenol content (up to 15 mg (GAE) / 100 g IP) was observed in the potato varieties Zekura and Red Lady. The last sample also showed a high level of flavonoid content (23 mg K / 100 g IP). A high value of the restoring force was shown by the variety Zekura (1.40 mM Fe2+ / 1 kg IS). Of all the analyzed objects, it was possible to determine the antiradical activity only for potatoes of the Leoni variety. Average batches of peeled potatoes were stored in several versions – with and without packaging.
Control points were set according to the terms and types of storage of potatoes. There was a sharp decline in vitamin C starting from the second storage options checkpoints. This can be explained by its instability under the influence of environmental factors (air oxygen, light, temperature, long storage time).
SUBCRITICAL WATER AS A TOOL FOR OBTAINING PRODUCTS WITH HIGH ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY FROM PRODUCTION WASTE ON THE EXAMPLE OF OLIVE LEAVES (OLEA EUROPAEA L.)
Authors: Khizrieva Salima Salimovna , Borisenko Sergey Nikolaevich , Maksimenko Elena Vladimirovna , Zharkova Galina Vladimirovna , Borisenko Nikolay Ivanovich 
Published: July 2022

Recently, “green chemistry” methods have been increasingly used to process agricultural waste in order to obtain products with high added value. In the presented work, the medium of subcritical water (SBW) was used to obtain (in the temperature range from 100 to 220 °C) extracts from the leaves of the olive (LO) of Olea europaea L. enriched with polyphenols and to assess their antioxidant activity (AOA). The use of medium of SBW for extraction processes allows not only to increase the extraction of secondary plant metabolites (SPM) from the plant matrix, but also to achieve a change in the phytochemical profile of extracts obtained in SBW. The dependence of the content of secondary plant metabolites (the sum of polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids) and AOA of extracts obtained at different temperatures in SBW and traditional aqueous-alcoholic extraction from olive leaves was studied. It was shown that the content of polyphenolic compounds and the AOA activity of the extracts depend on the extraction conditions. It has been demonstrated that the obtained extract from LO in medium of SBW at 220 °C contains the maximum amount of polyphenolic compounds and demonstrates the maximum AOA (EC50=26.9 μg/ml). The presented results demonstrate the promise of using SBW for obtaining extracts from LO with a high content of polyphenols for the development of pharmaceuticals and food additives with high AOA.
Relación entre índice de masa corporal elevado y variables socioeconómicas en población chilena: Un estudio transversal
Authors: Palma Sofía , Cabezas José Miguel 
Published: July 2022

Introducción: El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la prevalencia de Índice de masa corporal (IMC) elevado en la población chilena y su relación con: sexo, edad, educación, hábito tabáquico y el ingreso económico.
Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional transversal, utilizando los resultados de las Encuestas de Protección Social de los años 2009 y 2015. La variable independiente fue el IMC, en tanto que las variables dependientes fueron: sexo, edad, educación, tabaquismo e ingresos económicos. Con una muestra de 21.392 encuestados, se procesaron los datos en el programa Stata, usando tres modelos de regresión para el análisis estadístico (Ordinary Least Squares, Logit y Odds Ratio).
Resultados: 40% de los encuestados presentó sobrepeso, y20% resultó ser obeso. La prevalencia de sobrepeso fue mayor en hombres, mientras que la de obesidad fue superior en mujeres. El IMC elevado fue mayor en personas sobre 45 años. Por cada 5 años de aumento en la educación de un individuo, el IMC disminuyó en 1 punto. El tabaquismo mostró una relación inversa con IMC elevado. A medida que aumentaba el decil de ingreso, aumentó la prevalencia de sobrepeso y disminuyó la de obesidad. Conclusiones: La educación resulta relevante en la implementación de estrategias de prevención y control de IMC. El tabaquismo, en relación con el IMC elevado, demostró tener una relación inversa lo cual podría asociarse como u mecanismo de control de peso corporal, siendo necesario reenfocar desde el ámbito educativo. En relación con los ingresos económicos, los hallazgos son contradictorios, ya que se encontró que la probabilidad de un individuo de tener sobrepeso aumentó a medida que su ingreso era mayor, mientras que la probabilidad de ser obeso disminuyó a medida que aumentó su ingreso económico.
Eating Disorder Risk and Factors Associated with Obesity Prejudice Among University Students: A cross-sectional descriptive study
Authors: Erzurum Alim Nural , Yuksel Aysun , Tevfikoglu Pehlivan Leyla , Karakaya Rahime Evra , Besler Zehra Nur 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The aim of this study is to evaluate eating disorder risk and factors associated with obesity prejudice among university students.
Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study was consisted of 1449 university students in Turkey. Anthropometric measurements were self-reported and eating disorder and obesity prejudice symptoms were measured via validated scales.
Results: Prevalence of students at low risk for eating disorder was 88.2%, while 60.3% of them were prone to obesity prejudice and 27% of them were obesity prejudiced. The mean eating disorder scores of the underweight and the normal weight group were significantly lower than the overweight group (p = 0.003 and p = 0.019, respectively). The difference between the mean obesity prejudice scores of the normal weight group and the overweight group was found to be significant (p = 0.002). Moreover, in the multiple linear regression analysis, the overweight group had a significant association with obesity prejudice (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The risk of eating disorder and obesity prejudice increases among overweight/obese university students. Early prediction of eating disorder and obesity prejudice is crucial to prevent health problems such as obesity and related diseases among university students.
Uso de marcadores de obesidad para el tamizaje de Diabetes Mellitus 2: Un estudio transversal en Perú
Authors: Chac-Camasca Jocelyn , Flores-Vargas Engell , Bernabé-Ortiz Antonio 
Published: July 2022

Introducción: Existen diversos métodos para evaluar el exceso de grasa corporal, pero si alguno de ellos es mejor para detectar diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) no ha sido completamente evaluado en Perú. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar el rendimiento diagnóstico de ciertos marcadores antropométricos de obesidad para detectar casos recientes de DMT2 a nivel poblacional y según el sexo.
Metodología: Se realizó un análisis secundario de un estudio transversal realizado en Tumbes; Perú, reclutando pacientes de 30 a 69 años. La variable desenlace fue el diagnóstico reciente de DMT2, determinado por la prueba de tolerancia oral a la glucosa. Las variables de exposición fueron los marcadores antropométricos: índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia de cintura (CC), razón cintura-talla (RCT). Para la valoración diagnóstica de estos marcadores, se utilizaron curvas ROC (área bajo la curva: AUC), y se estimó la sensibilidad y especificidad en base al índice de Youden.
Resultados: Se analizaron los datos de 1500 participantes, encontrándose una prevalencia de DMT2 recién diagnosticada del 4,7%. La edad promedio fue de 47,6 años (desviación estándar: 10,6) y el 50,1% fueron varones. El rendimiento diagnóstico de los marcadores para el tamizaje de DMT2 en la población general fueron: RCT (AUC: 0,67; IC 95%: 0,60-0,73), IMC (AUC: 0,65; IC 95%: 0,58-0,72) y CC (AUC: 0,65; IC 95%: 0,58-0,72). Cuando se estratificó por sexo los resultados fueron similares, excepto por el valor de CC en varones cuyo rendimiento diagnóstico fue aceptable (AUC: 0,70; IC 95%: 0,60–0,81).
Conclusiones: El rendimiento diagnóstico de los marcadores de obesidad incluidos en el presente trabajo (IMC, RCT y CC) para el tamizaje de DMT2 en la población general fue pobre.
Determining Factors and their Impacts on the Ratings of Companies and Countries
Authors: Lima Fabiano Guasti , Paulino Carolina Trinca , Silveira Rodrigo Lanna Franco , Gatsios Rafael Confetti , Neto Alexandre Assaf 
Published: July 2022

In the face of the latest world financial crises, the ratings released by the regulatory agencies have gained distinction in the financial market. This paper proposes models to predict the future ratings of companies and countries. The analysis was carried out using quarterly data from 2010 to 2018 from companies in Brazil, South Africa, Germany, Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, South Korea, the United States, France, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Peru, the United Kingdom, Russia, and India. The sample's number of companies and countries is limited to the availability of rating information and the other model information. We use the panel-ordered logit model for classifying the rating and the other economic and financial variables as an independent. The results show that the financial and economic variables are essential to predict the rating of financial and non-financial companies in Brazil as well as the sovereign rating of the sample countries. The predictive capacity of the models reached values close to 80%, emphasizing the forecasts of large banks with 94% accuracy. For the country sample, the results are close to 80% accuracy. With the results of the research, improvement in the financial and economic indicators and the increase in the predictive capacity of the market agents for the prior determination of future ratings of financial companies are expected.
Faḫr al-Dīn al-Rāzī on Animal Cognition and Immortality
Authors: Adamson Peter , Somma Bethany 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper is devoted to a fascinating passage in Faḫr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 1210), in which he argues that non-human animals have rational souls. It is found in his Mulaḫḫaṣ fī l-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma (Epitome on Philosophy and Logic). Following a discussion of the afterlife, Faḫr al-Dīn suggests that animals should, like humans, be capable of grasping universals, and that they are aware of their own identity over time. Furthermore, animal behavior shows that they are capable of rational planning and problem-solving. We contextualize these arguments with reference to Faḫr al-Dīn’s other philosophical works, and also compare the considerations he raises to ideas found in modern-day animal ethics, drawing here especially on the work of Mark Rowlands. The paper concludes with a translation of the passage.
Propionibacterium acnes: an uncommon cause of lung abscess in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with bullous emphysema
Authors: Adlakha Arun , Muppala Neha 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A 57-year-old man who had recurrent respiratory infections due to tobacco use and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was evaluated as an outpatient to discern the etiology. He was followed with a chest X-ray and a chest computed tomography (CT) scan that displayed a left upper lobe cavitary lung abnormality. The lesion was further evaluated with a CT-guided biopsy, and it was identified as a lung abscess. A tissue culture isolated Propionibacterium acnes. We present a rare case of a common skin commensal, P. acnes, that infected the left upper lobe of the lung. We presume that the patient was predisposed to infection secondary to degradation of pulmonary parenchyma by severe bullous emphysema. This destruction created an inflammatory and colonizing space for organisms, even uncommon forms, to flourish. Initially this presentation prompted a differential of pulmonary tuberculosis; however, with further workup, the diagnosis was excluded. This case highlights the potential of P. acnes, an uncommon lung microbe, to lead to a lung abscess in a patient who was otherwise immunocompetent. This case will allow osteopathic clinicians to detect an uncommon microorganism that can potentially cause a pulmonary abscess in a patient with a medical history of severe bullous emphysematous COPD.
The Logic of Contemporaneity: On Anti-Climacus’s Philosophy of History
Authors: Millay Thomas J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Near the end of Practice in Christianity, Kierkegaard’s pseudonym Anti-Climacus denies that progress occurs within history. We are not getting better every day, in every way. According to Anti-Climacus, we are the same as we have always been. This essay sets Anti-Climacus’s denial of progress in its historical context, arguing that he develops a counter-philosophy of history which combats the prevailing Hegelianism of his age. The essay also draws connections between Anti-Climacus’s philosophy of history and the themes of imitation and contemporaneity, showing how a denial of history’s progress enables contemporary humans to interact with the same world Christ faced.