bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explaining away results in more robust visual tracking
Authors: Gao Bo , Spratling Michael W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMany current trackers utilise an appearance model to localise the target object in each frame. However, such approaches often fail when there are similar-looking distractor objects in the surrounding background, meaning that target appearance alone is insufficient for robust tracking. In contrast, humans consider the distractor objects as additional visual cues, in order to infer the position of the target. Inspired by this observation, this paper proposes a novel tracking architecture in which not only is the appearance of the tracked object, but also the appearance of the distractors detected in previous frames, taken into consideration using a form of probabilistic inference known as explaining away. This mechanism increases the robustness of tracking by making it more likely that the target appearance model is matched to the true target, rather than similar-looking regions of the current frame. The proposed method can be combined with many existing trackers. Combining it with SiamFC, DaSiamRPN, Super_DiMP, and ARSuper_DiMP all resulted in an increase in the tracking accuracy compared to that achieved by the underlying tracker alone. When combined with Super_DiMP and ARSuper_DiMP, the resulting trackers produce performance that is competitive with the state of the art on seven popular benchmarks.
COH-fluid induced metasomatism of peridotites in the forearc mantle
Authors: Sieber Melanie J. , Yaxley Gregory M. , Hermann Jörg 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDevolatilization of subducting lithologies liberates COH-fluids. These may become partially sequestered in peridotites in the slab and the overlying forearc mantle, affecting the cycling of volatiles and fluid mobile elements in subduction zones. Here we assess the magnitudes, timescales and mechanism of channelized injection of COH-fluids doped with $${\mathrm{Ca}}_{\mathrm{aq}}^{2+}$$

Ca

aq

2
+

, $${\mathrm{Sr}}_{\mathrm{aq}}^{2+}$$

Sr

aq

2
+

and $${\mathrm{Ba}}_{\mathrm{aq}}^{2+}$$

Ba

aq

2
+

into the dry forearc mantle by performing piston cylinder experiments between 1–2.5 GPa and 600–700 °C. Cylindrical cores of natural spinel-bearing harzburgites were used as starting materials. Based on mineral assemblage and composition three reaction zones are distinguishable from the rim towards the core of primary olivine and orthopyroxene grains. Zone 1 contains carbonates + quartz ± kyanite and zone 2 contains carbonates + talc ± chlorite. Olivine is further replaced in zone 3 by either antigorite + magnesite or magnesite + talc within or above antigorite stability, respectively. Orthopyroxene is replaced in zone 3 by talc + chlorite. Mineral assemblages and the compositions of secondary minerals depend on fluid composition and the replaced primary silicate. The extent of alteration depends on fluid CO2 content and fluid/rock-ratio, and is further promoted by fluid permeable reaction zones and reaction driven cracking. Our results show that COH-fluid induced metasomatism of the forearc mantle is self-perpetuating and efficient at sequestering $${\mathrm{Ca}}_{\mathrm{aq}}^{2+}$$

Ca

aq

2
+

, $${\mathrm{Sr}}_{\mathrm{aq}}^{2+}$$

Sr

aq

2
+

, $${\mathrm{Ba}}_{\mathrm{aq}}^{2+}$$

Ba

aq

2
+

and CO2aq into newly formed carbonates. This process is fast with 90% of the available C sequestered and nearly 50% of the initial minerals altered at 650 °C, 2 GPa within 55 h. The dissolution of primary silicates under high COH-fluid/rock-ratios, as in channelized fluid flow, enriches SiO2aq in the fluid, while CO2aq is sequestered into carbonates. In an open system, the remaining CO2-depleted, Si-enriched aqueous fluid may cause Si-metasomatism in the forearc further away from the injection of the COH-fluid into peridotite.
Current clinical practice and outcome of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer: analysis of individual data from 94,638 patients treated in 55 breast cancer centers
Authors: Ortmann O. , Blohmer J.-U. , Sibert N. T. , Brucker S. , Janni W. , Wöckel A. , Scharl A. , Dieng S. , Ferencz J. , Inwald E. C. , Wesselmann S. , Kowalski C. ,   for 55 breast cancer centers certified by the German Cancer Society, Denisjuk E. , Csorba R. , Rezek D. , Peschel S. , Denschlag D. , Schad F. , Dieterle D. , Lex B. , Rieger L. , Flock F. , Cramer A. , Strittmatter H.-J. , Bettscheider J. , Lindner C. , Stefek A. , Pauker W. , Hönig A. , Schrauder M. , D.Seeger  , Kleine-Tebbe A. , Bleimehl A. , Groh U. , Gebauer G. , Vollert H.-W. , Zorr A. , Friedmann W. , Krabisch P. , Fritz S. , Schwämmle A. , Lucke W. , Schmatloch S. , Heyl W. , Deuschle P. , Arfsten M. , Scheler P. , Bleimehl A. , Ruf-Dördelmann A. , Brückner B. , Bauer L. , Koch M. , Monner J. , Nixdorf A. , Merte A. , Beldermann F. , Blohmer J.-U. , Janni W. , Felberbaum R. , De Wilde R. L. , Bolkenius P. , Lebrecht A. , Ortmann O. , Solomayer E.-F. , Hartmann S. , Hartkopf A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNeoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is frequently used in patients with early breast cancer. Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated similar survival after NACT or adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). However, certain subtypes may benefit more when NACT contains regimes leading to high rates of pathologic complete response (pCR) rates. In this study we analyzed data using the OncoBox research from 94,638 patients treated in 55 breast cancer centers to describe the current clinical practice of and outcomes after NACT under routine conditions. These data were compared to patients treated with ACT. 40% of all patients received chemotherapy. The use of NACT increased over time from 5% in 2007 up to 17.3% in 2016. The proportion of patients receiving NACT varied by subtype. It was low in patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer (5.8%). However, 31.8% of patients with triple-negative, 31.9% with HR-negative/HER2-positive, and 26.5% with HR-positive/HER2-positive breast cancer received NACT. The rates of pCR were higher in patients with HR-positive/HER2-positive, HR-negative/HER2-positive and triple-negative tumors (36, 53 and 38%) compared to HR-positive/HER2-negative tumors (12%). PCR was achieved more often in HER2-positive and triple-negative tumors over time.This is the largest study on use and effects of NACT in German breast cancer centers. It demonstrates the increased use of NACT based on recommendations in current clinical guidelines. An improvement of pCR was shown in particular in HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancer, which is consistent with data from randomized controlled trails.
High-temperature oxidation of proximal basaltic pyroclasts, 1886 Tarawera, New Zealand
Authors: Moore Hannah C. , Carey Rebecca J. , Houghton Bruce F. , Jutzeler Martin , White James D. L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMicrolite crystallization in erupting basalt can occur in the conduit, in flight, or in situ after deposition. Distinguishing the products of primary versus secondary (post-fragmentation) crystallization can be challenging in near-vent environments, but is vital for interpreting shallow conduit conditions from pyroclast textures. Here, we examine pyroclasts of the 1886 basaltic Plinian eruption of Tarawera volcano, New Zealand, to assess the roles of primary versus secondary crystallization of microlites. Lapilli and ash were selected from (a) an ultra-proximal section (T47), < 100 m from vent, which is dominated by pyroclasts derived from the Plinian jet and column margin, and (b) a medial fall deposit section (T43), 2.5 km from the fissure, which contains products from the umbrella cloud. Strong contrasts in pyroclast groundmass crystallinities exist between sections, from near-holocrystalline (90–97% void-free corrected; VFC) in T47 pyroclasts to highly crystalline (77–83% VFC) in T43 pyroclasts. Subhedral-euhedral Fe–Ti microlites (< 3 μm) are ubiquitous and abundant in T47 pyroclasts, whereas they are virtually absent in T43 pyroclasts. Olivine is present in both T47 and T43 pyroclasts but evidence of its subsolidus transformation is only seen in T47 clasts, whereas in T43 clasts olivine is fresh. Near-complete crystallization of the groundmass and subsolidus transformation of olivine in the ultraproximal T47 clasts are evidence that post-depositional modification of primary pyroclast textures occurred in ultra-proximal environments at Tarawera as a response to high residual temperatures and oxidizing conditions, aided by short transport times of relatively coarse ejecta at high accumulation rates, likely supplemented by intense vent-derived heat. Ultra-proximal basaltic eruption products can continue to crystallize after deposition and are thus unlikely to be faithful indictors of shallow conduit magmatic processes; we recommend the use of medial and distal products instead.
Do responsive sleep interventions impact mental health in mother/infant dyads compared to extinction interventions? A pilot study
Authors: Blunden Sarah , Osborne Joanne , King Yaroslava 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Methods to improve sleep in infants commonly involve some ignoring (extinction) but are often unpopular with mothers worried about infant distress when left to cry. Alternative more responsive methods are needed. This pilot study evaluated stress, maternal depressive symptomology and sleep in mother/infant dyads, between Responsive, Controlled Crying and Control groups. From 199 mother/infant dyads from any cultural background, 41 infants 4–12 months were randomly allocated to Responsive (RG, n = 15), Controlled Crying (CCG, n = 18) or Controls (Treatment as Usual, TAUG, n = 8), with 10 withdrawing after randomisation. Infant sleep (7-day sleep diaries) and stress (oral cortisol on two nights), maternal self-reported stress (Subjective Units of Distress, SUDS), maternal perceived infant distress (MPI-S) and symptoms of maternal depression (Edinburgh Post-natal Depression Scale, EPDS) were measured four times across 8 weeks. Sleep duration was not different between groups but Responsive woke less (p = .008). There were no differences in cortisol between groups across time points. Maternal SUDS was positively correlated with infant cortisol and MPI-S (p < 0.05) and mothers in the Responsive group were significantly less stressed (p = 0.02) and reported less symptoms of depression (p < 0.05). Findings in this small sample show Responsive methods are comparable to the extinction (Controlled Crying) in sleep outcomes but from a relational and maternal mental health perspective, are less stressful, offering families potential choices of sleep interventions.
DFT modeling approach for operational risk assessment of railway infrastructure
Authors: Weik Norman , Volk Matthias , Katoen Joost-Pieter , Nießen Nils 
Published: April 2022

AbstractReliability engineering of railway infrastructure aims to understand failure processes and to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of investments and maintenance planning such that a high quality of service is achieved. While formal methods are widely used to verify the design specifications of safety-critical components in train control, quantitative methods to analyze the service reliability associated with specific system designs are only starting to emerge. In this paper, we strive to advance the use of formal fault-tree modeling for providing a quantitative assessment of the railway infrastructure’s service reliability in the design phase. While, individually, most subsystems required for route-setting and train control are well understood, the system’s reliability to globally provide its designated service capacity is less studied. To this end, we present a framework based on dynamic fault trees that allows to analyze train routability based on train paths projected in the interlocking system. We particularly focus on the dependency of train paths on track-based assets such as switches and crossings, which are particularly prone to failures due to their being subject to weather and heavy wear. By using probabilistic model checking to analyze and verify the reliability of feasible route sets for scheduled train lines, performance metrics for reliability analysis of the system as a whole as well as criticality analysis of individual (sub-)components become available. The approach, which has been previously discussed in our paper at FMICS 2019, is further refined, and additional algorithmic approaches, analysis settings and application scenarios in infrastructure and maintenance planning are discussed.
Continuity of Formal Power Series Products in Nonlinear Control Theory
Authors: Gray W. Steven , Palmstrøm Mathias , Schmeding Alexander 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFormal power series products appear in nonlinear control theory when systems modeled by Chen–Fliess series are interconnected to form new systems. In fields like adaptive control and learning systems, the coefficients of these formal power series are estimated sequentially with real-time data. The main goal is to prove the continuity and analyticity of such products with respect to several natural (locally convex) topologies on spaces of locally convergent formal power series in order to establish foundational properties behind these technologies. In addition, it is shown that a transformation group central to describing the output feedback connection is in fact an analytic Lie group in this setting with certain regularity properties.
Homogeneous grouping of non-prime steel products for online auctions: a case study
Authors: Ena Borja , Gomez Alberto , Ponte Borja , Priore Paolo , Diaz Diego 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNot all products meet customers’ quality expectations after the steelmaking process. Some of them, labelled as ‘non-prime’ products, are sold in a periodic online auction. These products need to be grouped into the smallest feasible number of bundles as homogeneous as possible, as this increases the attractiveness of the bundles and hence their selling prices. This results in a highly complex optimisation problem, also conditioned by other requirements, with large economic implications. It may be interpreted as a variant of the well-known bin packing problem. In this article, we formalise it mathematically by studying the real problem faced by a multinational in the steel industry. We also propose a structured, three-stage solution procedure: (i) initial division of the products according to their characteristics; (ii) cluster analysis; and (iii) allocation of products to bundles via optimisation methods. In the last stage, we implement three heuristic algorithms: FIFO, greedy, and distance-based. Building on previous works, we develop 80 test instances, which we use to compare the heuristics. We observe that the greedy algorithm generally outperforms its competitors; however, the distance-based one proves to be more appropriate for large sets of products. Last, we apply the proposed solution procedure to real-world datasets and discuss the benefits obtained by the organisation.
Perceptions of Justice By Algorithms
Authors: Yalcin Gizem , Themeli Erlis , Stamhuis Evert , Philipsen Stefan , Puntoni Stefano 
Published: April 2022

AbstractArtificial Intelligence and algorithms are increasingly able to replace human workers in cognitively sophisticated tasks, including ones related to justice. Many governments and international organizations are discussing policies related to the application of algorithmic judges in courts. In this paper, we investigate the public perceptions of algorithmic judges. Across two experiments (N = 1,822), and an internal meta-analysis (N = 3,039), our results show that even though court users acknowledge several advantages of algorithms (i.e., cost and speed), they trust human judges more and have greater intentions to go to the court when a human (vs. an algorithmic) judge adjudicates. Additionally, we demonstrate that the extent that individuals trust algorithmic and human judges depends on the nature of the case: trust for algorithmic judges is especially low when legal cases involve emotional complexities (vs. technically complex or uncomplicated cases).
Impact of catheter ablation versus medical therapy on cognitive function in atrial fibrillation: a systematic review
Authors: Bodagh Neil , Yap Reuben , Kotadia Irum , Sim Iain , Bhalla Ajay , Somerville Peter , O’Neill Mark , Williams Steven E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. It is unclear whether the restoration of sinus rhythm with catheter ablation may modify this risk. We conducted a systematic review of studies comparing cognitive outcomes following catheter ablation with medical therapy (rate and/or rhythm control) in atrial fibrillation.

Methods
Searches were performed on the following databases from their inception to 17 October 2021: PubMed, OVID Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library. The inclusion criteria comprised studies comparing catheter ablation against medical therapy (rate and/or rhythm control in conjunction with anticoagulation where appropriate) which included cognitive assessment and/or a diagnosis of dementia as an outcome.

Results
A total of 599 records were screened. Ten studies including 15,886 patients treated with catheter ablation and 42,684 patients treated with medical therapy were included. Studies which compared the impact of catheter ablation versus medical therapy on quantitative assessments of cognitive function yielded conflicting results. In studies, examining new onset dementia during follow-up, catheter ablation was associated with a lower risk of subsequent dementia diagnosis compared to medical therapy (hazard ratio: 0.60 (95% confidence interval 0.42–0.88, p < 0.05)).

Conclusion
The accumulating evidence linking atrial fibrillation with cognitive impairment warrants the design of atrial fibrillation treatment strategies aimed at minimising cognitive decline. However, the impact of catheter ablation and atrial fibrillation medical therapy on cognitive decline is currently uncertain. Future studies investigating atrial fibrillation treatment strategies should include cognitive outcomes as important clinical endpoints.
Experiences and opinions of multi-professional non-medical oncology prescribers on post-qualification training: a qualitative study
Authors: Harding Sophie E. , Langley Christopher A. , Borley Annabel , Tranter Bethan , Terry David R. P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground: Within the UK, a non-medical prescriber is a non-medical healthcare professional who has undertaken post-registration training to gain prescribing rights. Lack of post-qualification NMP training has previously been identified as a barrier to the development of oncology non-medical prescribing practice. Aim: To explore the experiences and opinions of multi-professional non-medical oncology prescribers on post-qualification training. Method: Nine out of 30 oncology non-medical prescribers (three nurses, three pharmacists and three radiographers) from a single cancer centre in Wales, were selected from a study site NMP database using randomisation sampling within Microsoft® Excel. Participants were interviewed using a validated and piloted semi-structured interview design on the topic of post-qualification training for non-medical prescribers. Participants were invited via organisational email. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Anonymised data were thematically analysed aided by NVivo® software. Results: Main themes identified: experience related to training, competency, support and training methods. Competency assessment methods discussed were the annual non-medical prescriber appraisal, peer review and a line manager’s overarching appraisal. Support requirements identified included greater consultant input to help non-medical prescribers identify training and peer support opportunities. Organisational support was requested regarding regular study leave and governance around clinical judgement and errors. The need for regular structured in-house training related to non-medical prescriber’s level of experience was identified. Conclusion: Development of organisation-led governance strategies and in-house training programmes will support training equity for all non-medical prescribers within the organisation.
New approach for starch dialdehyde preparation using microwave irradiation for removal of heavy metal ions from water
Authors: Wannous Alnada , Milaneh Slieman , Said Majd , Atassi Yomen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis work presents a new and simple approach to prepare Dialdehyde Starch (DAS) in one step under microwave irradiations and using, a mild and safer oxidizing agent, potassium iodate. Aldehyde content was evaluated to compare the synthesis results with DAS prepared using potassium periodate as an oxidizing agent for starch. To optimize the synthesis parameters of the new approach, the effect of the quantity of oxidizing agent and the effect of reaction time on the content of aldehyde in DAS were evaluated. According to the results, the optimized time was 10 min at the power of 300 W, and the number of moles of oxidizing agent was 0.014 mol per 2 g of starch. After that, DAS was used to prepare two Schiff bases by reaction with urea (DASU) and thiourea (DASTU), respectively. DAS, DASU and DASTU were characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM. Furthermore, DAS, DASU and DASTU were investigated for removing Cu(II), Pb(II), Hg(II), Cd(II), and Cr(III) ions from water. DAS showed the highest removal efficiency towards Pb(II) ions, whereas DASTU exhibited excellent ability for removing the Hg(II) ions. The removal efficiencies of DAS for Pb(II) ions and DASTU for Hg(II) ions are 95.25% and 89.45%, respectively from aqueous solutions containing 100 ppm of respective ions. Adsorption isotherm study suggests that adsorption follows Langmuir isotherm model, (correlation factors (R2) for Langmuir and Freundlich models for DAS/Pb are equal to 0.984 and 0.799, respectively, and for DASTU/Hg they are 0.995 and 0.813, respectively). The theoretical maximum adsorption capacity for DAS/Pb and DASTU/Hg are 245.09 and 180.83 mg/g, respectively.
Simulation as a Teaching Method: Evaluation of the University of Minnesota Humanitarian Crisis Simulation
Authors: Kesler Sarah , James Eric , Scheller Amy , Gray Sherry , Kne Len , Hendel-Paterson Brett 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjective:The University of Minnesota Crisis Humanitarian Simulation provides trans-disciplinary training in disaster response. The course directors wished to better understand the learning outcomes and experiences of simulation participants.Methods:The learning outcomes and experiences of participants in the 2019 simulation were assessed using 3 modalities: 1) pre-and post-simulation test, 2) participants’ self-assessment of learning, and 3) qualitative feedback via an anonymous evaluation.Results:Participant scores on the knowledge survey were significantly higher after the simulation than before the simulation (mean percent correct 71% vs. 48%, P < 0.0001). A significant majority of participants who completed the assessment believed they had main gains within each learning objective. Anonymous evaluations contained both positive feedback and constructive criticism leading to plans for refinements in subsequent training events.Conclusions:The Humanitarian Crisis Simulation is an effective experiential training program that increases participants’ knowledge in the field of disaster response. Participants also believed they had made gains in each learning objective. The authors’ analysis of elements that have contributed to the success of the program and areas for future program growth and improvement are discussed.