bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous saccharification and ethanologenic fermentation (SSF) of waste bread by an amylolytic Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius strain TM333
Authors: Ibenegbu Christopher C. , Leak David J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe starch in waste bread (WB) from industrial sandwich production was directly converted to ethanol by an amylolytic, ethanologenic thermophile (Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius strain TM333) under 5 different simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) regimes. Crude α-amylase from TM333 was used alone or in the presence of amyloglucosidase (AMG), a starch monomerizing enzyme used in industry, with/without prior gelatinisation/liquefaction treatments and P. thermoglucosidasius TM333 fermentation compared with Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a control. Results suggest that TM333 can ferment WB using SSF with yields of 94–100% of theoretical (based on all sugars in WB) in 48 h without the need for AMG addition or any form of heat pre-treatment. This indicates that TM333 can transport and ferment all of the malto-oligosaccharides generated by its α-amylase. In the yeast control experiments, addition of AMG together with the crude α-amylase was necessary for full fermentation over the same time period. This suggests that industrial fermentation of WB starch to bio-ethanol or other products using an enhanced amylolytic P. thermoglucosidasius strain could offer significant cost savings compared to alternatives requiring enzyme supplementation.
Health effects of Indigenous language use and revitalization: a realist review
Authors: Whalen D. H. , Lewis Melissa E. , Gillson Stefanie , McBeath Brittany , Alexander Bri , Nyhan Kate 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIndigenous populations across the world are more likely to suffer from poor health outcomes when compared to other racial and ethnic groups. Although these disparities have many sources, one protective factor that has become increasingly apparent is the continued use and/or revitalization of traditional Indigenous lifeways: Indigenous language in particular. This realist review is aimed at bringing together the literature that addresses effects of language use and revitalization on mental and physical health.MethodsPurposive bibliographic searches on Scopus were conducted to identify relevant publications, further augmented by forward citation chaining. Included publications (qualitative and quantitative) described health outcomes for groups of Indigenous people who either did or did not learn and/or use their ancestral language. The geographical area studied was restricted to the Americas, Australia or New Zealand. Publications that were not written in English, Spanish, French, Portuguese or German were excluded. A realist approach was followed to identify positive, neutral or negative effects of language use and/or acquisition on health, with both qualitative and quantitative measures considered.ResultsThe bibliographic search yielded a total of 3508 possible publications of which 130 publications were included in the realist analysis. The largest proportion of the outcomes addressed in the studies (62.1%) reported positive effects. Neutral outcomes accounted for 16.6% of the reported effects. Negative effects (21.4%) were often qualified by such issues as possible cultural use of tobacco, testing educational outcomes in a student’s second language, and correlation with socioeconomic status (SES), health access, or social determinants of health; it is of note that the positive correlations with language use just as frequently occurred with these issues as the negative correlations did.ConclusionsLanguage use and revitalization emerge as protective factors in the health of Indigenous populations. Benefits of language programs in tribal and other settings should be considered a cost-effective way of improving outcomes in multiple domains.
UBE2O ubiquitinates PTRF/CAVIN1 and inhibits the secretion of exosome-related PTRF/CAVIN1
Authors: Cen Xiaotong , Chen Qing , Wang Bin , Xu Hongjie , Wang Xu , Ling Yixia , Zhang Xiaofei , Qin Dajiang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Exosomes are small vesicles released by cells, which have crucial functions in intercellular communication. Exosomes originated from cell membrane invagination and are released followed by multivesicular bodies (MVBs) fused with the cell membrane. It is known that Polymerase I and Transcript Release Factor (PTRF, also known as Caveolin-associated Protein-1, CAVIN1) plays an important role in caveolae formation and exosome secretion. And PTRF in exosomes has been identified as a potential biomarker in multiple malignancies such as glioma and renal cell carcinoma. However, the mechanisms of how to regulate the secretion of exosome-related PTRF remain unknown.

Methods
We performed exogenous and endogenous immunoprecipitation assays to investigate the interaction between ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2O (UBE2O) and PTRF. We identified UBE2O ubiquitinated PTRF using ubiquitination assays. Then, exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and identified by transmission electronic microscopy, western blot and nanoparticle tracking analysis. The effect of UBE2O on the secretion of exosome-related PTRF was analyzed by western blot, and the effect of UBE2O on exosome secretion was evaluated by exosome markers and the total protein content of exosomes.

Results
Here, we showed that UBE2O interacts with PTRF directly and ubiquitinates PTRF. Functionally, we found that UBE2O inhibited the effects of PTRF on exosome secretion via decreasing caveolae formation. Importantly, UBE2O decreased exosome secretion, resulting in downregulating PTRF secretion via exosomes. Our study also identified Serum Deprivation Protein Response (SDPR, also known as Caveolin-associated Protein-2, CAVIN2) interacted with both UBE2O and PTRF. Furthermore, we found that SDPR promotes PTRF expression in exosomes. Interestingly, even in the presence of SDPR, UBE2O still inhibited the secretion of exosome-related PTRF.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that UBE2O downregulated exosome release and controlled the secretion of exosome-related PTRF through ubiquitinating PTRF. Since exosomes play an important role in malignant tumor growth and PTRF included in exosomes is a biomarker for several malignant tumors, increasing UBE2O expression in cells has the potential to be developed as a novel approach for cancer treatment.
Unveiling the transcriptomic landscape and the potential antagonist feedback mechanisms of TGF-β superfamily signaling module in bone and osteoporosis
Authors: Wang Ying-Wen , Lin Wen-Yu , Wu Fang-Ju , Luo Ching-Wei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
TGF-β superfamily signaling is indispensable for bone homeostasis. However, the global expression profiles of all the genes that make up this signaling module in bone and bone-related diseases have not yet been well characterized.

Methods
Transcriptomic datasets from human bone marrows, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSCs of primary osteoporotic patients were used for expression profile analyses. Protein treatments, gene quantification, reporter assay and signaling dissection in MSC lines were used to clarify the interactive regulations and feedback mechanisms between TGF-β superfamily ligands and antagonists. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used for network construction.

Results
We identified TGFB1 in the ligand group that carries out SMAD2/3 signaling and BMP8A, BMP8B and BMP2 in the ligand group that conducts SMAD1/5/8 signaling have relatively high expression levels in normal bone marrows and MSCs. Among 16 antagonist genes, the dominantly expressed TGF-β superfamily ligands induced only NOG, GREM1 and GREM2 via different SMAD pathways in MSCs. These induced antagonist proteins further showed distinct antagonisms to the treated ligands and thus would make up complicated negative feedback networks in bone. We further identified TGF-β superfamily signaling is enriched in MSCs of primary osteoporosis. Enhanced expression of the genes mediating TGF-β-mediated SMAD3 signaling and the genes encoding TGF-β superfamily antagonists served as significant features to osteoporosis.

Conclusion
Our data for the first time unveiled the transcription landscape of all the genes that make up TGF-β superfamily signaling module in bone. The feedback mechanisms and regulatory network prediction of antagonists provided novel hints to treat osteoporosis.
Evaluating the frequency and the impact of pharmacogenetic alleles in an ancestrally diverse Biobank population
Authors: Verma Shefali S. , Keat Karl , Li Binglan , Hoffecker Glenda , Risman Marjorie ,   Regeneron Genetics Center, Sangkuhl Katrin , Whirl-Carrillo Michelle , Dudek Scott , Verma Anurag , Klein Teri E. , Ritchie Marylyn D. , Tuteja Sony 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Pharmacogenomics (PGx) aims to utilize a patient’s genetic data to enable safer and more effective prescribing of medications. The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) provides guidelines with strong evidence for 24 genes that affect 72 medications. Despite strong evidence linking PGx alleles to drug response, there is a large gap in the implementation and return of actionable pharmacogenetic findings to patients in standard clinical practice. In this study, we evaluated opportunities for genetically guided medication prescribing in a diverse health system and determined the frequencies of actionable PGx alleles in an ancestrally diverse biobank population.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of the Penn Medicine electronic health records (EHRs), which includes ~ 3.3 million patients between 2012 and 2020, provides a snapshot of the trends in prescriptions for drugs with genotype-based prescribing guidelines (‘CPIC level A or B’) in the Penn Medicine health system. The Penn Medicine BioBank (PMBB) consists of a diverse group of 43,359 participants whose EHRs are linked to genome-wide SNP array and whole exome sequencing (WES) data. We used the Pharmacogenomics Clinical Annotation Tool (PharmCAT), to annotate PGx alleles from PMBB variant call format (VCF) files and identify samples with actionable PGx alleles.

Results
We identified ~ 316.000 unique patients that were prescribed at least 2 drugs with CPIC Level A or B guidelines. Genetic analysis in PMBB identified that 98.9% of participants carry one or more PGx actionable alleles where treatment modification would be recommended. After linking the genetic data with prescription data from the EHR, 14.2% of participants (n = 6157) were prescribed medications that could be impacted by their genotype (as indicated by their PharmCAT report). For example, 856 participants received clopidogrel who carried CYP2C19 reduced function alleles, placing them at increased risk for major adverse cardiovascular events. When we stratified by genetic ancestry, we found disparities in PGx allele frequencies and clinical burden. Clopidogrel users of Asian ancestry in PMBB had significantly higher rates of CYP2C19 actionable alleles than European ancestry users of clopidrogrel (p < 0.0001, OR = 3.68).

Conclusions
Clinically actionable PGx alleles are highly prevalent in our health system and many patients were prescribed medications that could be affected by PGx alleles. These results illustrate the potential utility of preemptive genotyping for tailoring of medications and implementation of PGx into routine clinical care.
A non-destructive approach for measuring rice panicle-level photosynthetic responses using 3D-image reconstruction
Authors: Dharni Jaspinder Singh , Dhatt Balpreet Kaur , Paul Puneet , Gao Tian , Awada Tala , Bacher Harel , Peleg Zvi , Staswick Paul , Hupp Jason , Yu Hongfeng , Walia Harkamal 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Our understanding of the physiological responses of rice inflorescence (panicle) to environmental stresses is limited by the challenge of accurately determining panicle photosynthetic parameters and their impact on grain yield. This is primarily due to the lack of a suitable gas exchange methodology for panicles and non-destructive methods to accurately determine panicle surface area.

Results
To address these challenges, we have developed a custom panicle gas exchange cylinder compatible with the LiCor 6800 Infra-red Gas Analyzer. Accurate surface area measurements were determined using 3D panicle imaging to normalize the panicle-level photosynthetic measurements. We observed differential responses in both panicle and flag leaf for two temperate Japonica rice genotypes (accessions TEJ-1 and TEJ-2) exposed to heat stress during early grain filling. There was a notable divergence in the relative photosynthetic contribution of flag leaf and panicles for the heat-tolerant genotype (TEJ-2) compared to the sensitive genotype (TEJ-1).

Conclusion
The novelty of this method is the non-destructive and accurate determination of panicle area and photosynthetic parameters, enabling researchers to monitor temporal changes in panicle physiology during the reproductive development. The method is useful for panicle-level measurements under diverse environmental stresses and is sensitive enough to evaluate genotypic variation for panicle physiology and architecture in cereals with compact inflorescences.
Commentary: an industry perspective on the importance of incorporating participant voice before, during, and after clinical trials
Authors: Goodson N. , Wicks P. , Farina C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt is increasingly recognized that involving patients and the public in the design of clinical trials can lead to better recruitment, retention, and satisfaction. A recent scoping review determined that between 1985 and 2018, just 23 articles meeting quality criteria obtained feedback from clinical trial participants after a trial had been completed. In a timespan that presumably included thousands of trials across hundreds of indications, the paucity of the literature seems surprising, if not outright disappointing. By contrast, practitioners in the life sciences industry are increasingly incorporating patient research into their trial design process before, during, and after trial completion. Examples of approaches used include recruitment of “look alike” participant samples through online communities, surveys, and the use of smartphone apps to directly record participants’ spoken reactions to trial materials like recruitment materials, site visit schedules, or informed consent materials. However, commercial organizations tend not to publish their findings, leading to a potential two-tier experience for trial participants depending on whether the trial they participate in will be industry-funded or government-funded. This seems problematic on a number of levels. Increasing regulatory, funder, and publisher interest in improving the inclusivity of clinical trial participants may act as a timely lever to spur patient-centered coproduction of trials. Until continuous feedback processes are the mandated, funded, and published norm, participating in a clinical trial will be more arduous than it needs to be.
Onchocerciasis in the Ntui Health District of Cameroon: epidemiological, entomological and parasitological findings in relation to elimination prospects
Authors: Siewe Fodjo Joseph Nelson , Ngarka Leonard , Njamnshi Wepnyu Yembe , Enyong Peter Ayuk , Zoung-Kanyi Bissek Anne-Cécile , Njamnshi Alfred Kongnyu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite decades of community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI), onchocerciasis transmission persists in Cameroon and has been associated with increased risk for epilepsy in endemic communities. We investigated the onchocerciasis situation in the Ntui Health District (a known onchocerciasis focus in Cameroon where the Sanaga River constitutes the main source of black fly vectors) using parasitological, entomological and serological parameters.

Methods
In July 2021, community-based surveys were conducted in four villages (Essougli, Nachtigal, Ndjame and Ndowe). Onchocerciasis was diagnosed via microscopic examination of skin snips. Using rapid diagnostic tests, we screened children aged 3–6 years for Ov16 antibodies as a proxy for recent onchocerciasis transmission. Monthly black fly biting rates were obtained from the two riverside villages (Nachtigal and Essougli) for 12 consecutive months (July 2021 to June 2022) using the human landing catch technique. Some black flies were dissected each month to check for infection.

Results
Overall, 460 participants were recruited; mean age was 32.1 (range: 3–85) years with 248 (53.9%) being males. Among skin snipped participants (n = 425), onchocerciasis prevalence was 14.6%. Participants with epilepsy (n = 25) were more often skin snip positive (45.8% vs 12.7%; P < 0.001) and had higher microfilarial loads (9.2 ± 22.0 vs 0.7 ± 3.5 microfilariae/skin snip; P < 0.001) compared to their peers without epilepsy. Eight (6.5%) of the 123 tested children were Ov16 seropositive. The breeding sites we investigated along the Sanaga River during the current study harbored fewer vectors (annual biting rates reaching 530,322 vs 606,370 in the Mbam River) and exhibited lower black fly infection rates (annual transmission potentials reaching 1479 vs 4488 in the Mbam River) when compared to recent entomological reports in Cameroon.

Conclusion
Despite substantial biting rates, black fly infection rates (by microscopy) in the Ntui Health District were rather low resulting in overall low transmission potentials in study villages. Thanks to CDTI, O. volvulus infection in both humans and insects is on the decrease. However, there is evidence that O. volvulus is still endemic in these communities. Reducing the vector population will further accelerate onchocerciasis elimination prospects.

Graphical Abstract
The role of single fraction Gamma Knife radiosurgery for intraventricular central neurocytomas and the utility of F-18 fluroethyltyrosine: two case reports
Authors: Dedeciusova Michaela , Prior John O. , Schiappacasse Luis , Patin David , Levivier Marc , Tuleasca Constantin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Primary treatment of central neurocytomas is surgical resection. Gamma Knife surgery is considered a valuable therapeutic option in case of residual (after subtotal resection) or recurrent central neurocytomas. Here, we focused on the role of F-18 fluroethyltyrosine as a marker to document tumor progression after initial resection, in the context of an atypical central neurocytoma. We also describe MIB-1’s role in evaluating therapeutic decision-making.

Case presentation
Two patients with central neurocytomas were treated by Gamma Knife surgery in our center. The first case (31-year-old Caucasian male) had atypical central neurocytoma. Four and a half years after surgical resection, magnetic resonance imaging and F-18 fluroethyltyrosine documented clear progression of residual central neurocytoma, further treated by Gamma Knife surgery (18 Gy at 50%, target volume 1.4 cc, and prescription isodose volume 1.8 cc). The initial post-Gamma Knife surgery clinical course was uneventful, with progressive volumetric reduction of residual tumor up to 4.5 years, when out-of-field recurrence was suspected and confirmed by local F-18 fluroethyltyrosine hyperactivity. Second single-fraction Gamma Knife surgery was performed (18 Gy at 50%, target volume 0.49 cc, prescription isodose volume 0.72 cc). The second (32-year-old Caucasian female) had previous subtotal resection and typical central neurocytoma. Seven years later, she had residual tumor progression. Single-fraction Gamma Knife surgery was performed (16 Gy at 50% isodose line, target volume 1.7 cc, and prescription isodose volume 2.5 cc). Last follow-up showed tumor volume reduction. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging showed important volumetric reduction of both treated lesions.

Conclusions
In atypical central neurocytomas, F-18 fluroethyltyrosine could be used as postoperative examination to detect small tumor remnants, follow-up evaluation following the Gamma Knife surgery or, in select cases, following surgical resection. The role of MIB-1 is important in therapeutic decision-making, as tumors with MIB-1 exceeding 2% are characterized by more aggressive clinical course. Single-fraction Gamma Knife surgery remains a valuable therapeutic option for postoperative residual atypical central neurocytomas and central neurocytoma recurrences.
Unusual presentation of aneurysmal bone cyst with scoliosis: a case report
Authors: Aljamaan Yousef M. , Alhathloul Hisham S. , Aleissa Sami I. , Abaalkhail Majid S. , Alhelal Fahad H. , Konbaz Faisal M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Aneurysmal bone cysts are benign bone tumors that not uncommonly involves the spine. However, this involvement can cause scoliosis, albeit rarely. This report focuses on the importance of proper management for complete tumor resection to prevent recurrence and spinal deformity.

Case presentation
A 12-year-old Middle Eastern boy, with a history of T11 aneurysmal bone cyst resection and bone grafting carried out at another hospital, presented with spine deformity of 4 months’ duration. The deformity was not associated with pain or neurological deficit. A whole-spine magnetic resonance imaging with contrast confirmed the recurrence of the aneurysmal bone cyst. Posterior spinal instrumentation with corpectomy of T11 was then performed, and confirmed with histopathology the recurrence of aneurysmal bone cyst. Two years post-corpectomy, deformity correction was done from T5–L4.

Conclusion
Management of aneurysmal bone cysts requires meticulous planning and full excision to prevent recurrence, especially in the growing spine. If neglected, it can cause major spinal deformities and cord compression, which places a medical burden on the patient and family. To avoid such complications, treating aneurysmal bone cysts along with scoliosis correction can prevent deformity progression.
The role of market linkage in growth of micro and small scale enterprises: the case of Ambo town, Ethiopia
Authors: Ensermu Gudeta Obsa , Tulu Daniel Tadesse 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe research aims to investigate the roles of market linkage for the growth of MSE in Ambo town. The data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. A stratified sampling technique is used to select among the seven business sectors. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study elicited five major factors that affects the growth of MSE which include financial capacity, government support, entrepreneurial competency, marketing information, and types of business sectors. The findings from correlation and regression further indicate that there exists a positive and significant relationship between MSEs growth and, financial capacity, government support, entrepreneurial competency, marketing information, and types of business sectors. The concerned bodies should facilitate market linkage enhancement between MSE and the market. MSEs on their part are expected to improve financial capacity and competence. Furthermore, adequate market information has to be collected continuously to improve the linkage. By and general, growth of MSE is attributed to internal as well as external market linkage factors. In addition entrepreneurial competency of the person leading the enterprises is vital in creating good market linkage which in turn brings MSE growth.