bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19 CT image segmentation based on improved Res2Net
Authors: Liu Shangwang , Tang Xiufang , Cai Tongbo , Zhang Yangyang , Wang Changgeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeCorona virus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is threatening the health of the global people and bringing great losses to our economy and society. However, computed tomography (CT) image segmentation can make clinicians quickly identify the COVID‐19‐infected regions. Accurate segmentation infection area of COVID‐19 can contribute screen confirmed cases.MethodsWe designed a segmentation network for COVID‐19‐infected regions in CT images. To begin with, multilayered features were extracted by the backbone network of Res2Net. Subsequently, edge features of the infected regions in the low‐level feature f2 were extracted by the edge attention module. Second, we carefully designed the structure of the attention position module (APM) to extract high‐level feature f5 and detect infected regions. Finally, we proposed a context exploration module consisting of two parallel explore blocks, which can remove some false positives and false negatives to reach more accurate segmentation results.ResultsExperimental results show that, on the public COVID‐19 dataset, the Dice, sensitivity, specificity, , , and mean absolute error (MAE) of our method are 0.755, 0.751, 0.959, 0.795, 0.919, and 0.060, respectively. Compared with the latest COVID‐19 segmentation model Inf‐Net, the Dice similarity coefficient of our model has increased by 7.3%; the sensitivity (Sen) has increased by 5.9%. On contrary, the MAE has dropped by 2.2%.ConclusionsOur method performs well on COVID‐19 CT image segmentation. We also find that our method is so portable that can be suitable for various current popular networks. In a word, our method can help screen people infected with COVID‐19 effectively and save the labor power of clinicians and radiologists.
Effect of Hull Cleaning on Electrical Resistance and Anodic Fields of Direct-Current Electrofishing Boats
Authors: Bruce Lewis J. , Dean Jan C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In 2011, the Iowa Department of Natural Resources began standardization of its direct-current electrofishing boats, including development of a standard operating procedures document. After publication of standard methods for sampling freshwater fishes by the American Fisheries Society, the Iowa Department of Natural Resources incorporated these standards into its standard operating procedures. Literature and references about maintaining electrofishing equipment were lacking. One aspect of equipment maintenance is hull cleanliness when the hull is metal and serves as the cathode. The cathode affects system resistance and overall performance of the electrofishing equipment. Four boats were used to measure system resistance and changes in the electrical fields after cleaning the cathodes. Boat electrofishing field intensity was measured pre- and postcleaning. Boat cathodes were cleaned 25, 50, and 100% of the length of the hull using a wire wheel attached to an angle grinder. Based on our results, 100% of the cathode should be cleaned when standardized resistance (R100, system resistance when ambient water conductivity is 100 μS/cm) increases 10% above baseline values. Baseline R100 values for the four boats in this study were between 25 and 30 Ω. The R100 value is a quality-control indicator of electrofisher performance.
Virtual displacement based discontinuity layout optimization
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Wang Xueya , Wang Xinquan , Mang Herbert A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDiscontinuity layout optimization (DLO) is a relatively new upper bound limit analysis method. Compared to classic topology optimization methods, aimed at obtaining the optimum design of a structure by considering its self‐weight, building cost, or bearing capacity, DLO optimizes the failure pattern of the structure under specific loading conditions and constraints by minimizing the dissipation energy. In this work, we present a modified DLO algorithm that contains all of the advantages of DLO. It is referred to virtual displacement‐based discontinuity layout optimization (VDLO). VDLO takes the stress state of a loaded structure as a snapshot and correspondingly provides the optimum failure pattern, which greatly extends the application potential of DLO. Numerical examples indicate the effectiveness and flexibility of VDLO. It is regarded as a highly promising supplemental tool for other numerical methods in element‐/node‐based frameworks.
Extension of the unsymmetric 8‐node hexahedral solid element US‐ATFH8 to 3D hyper‐elastic finite deformation analysis
Authors: Ma Ru‐Xia , Cen Song , Shang Yan , Li Chen‐Feng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis work extends the recent US‐ATFH8 element to 3D hyper‐elastic finite deformation analysis. Using two sets of shape functions, the new 3D element comprises of 8 nodes and 24 DOFs. The first set of shape functions represent the test functions that come from the conventional isoparametric interpolation, and the second set, representing the trial functions, are constructed from the homogenous solutions for linear elasticity governing equations, termed analytical trial functions (ATFs). This study considers finite deformation for hyper‐elastic materials, but it is assumed that the analytical solutions associated with hyper‐elastic materials can be updated to hold approximately in each incremental step. Moreover, the deformation information required for stress computation is updated by using the incremental deformation gradient, which is constructed from the updated ATFs. Numerical examples show that without additional pressure DOF, the element US‐ATFH8 still behaves well in nearly incompressible hyper‐elastic 3D problems with finite deformation, even when the meshes are extremely distorted.
Ethical considerations for conservation messaging research and practice
Authors: Gregg Emily A. , Kidd Lindall R. , Bekessy Sarah A. , Martin Jen K. , Robinson Jennifer A. , Garrard Georgia E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Conservation professionals are familiar with value‐driven research and practice. However, recent efforts to use strategic communication, specifically conservation messaging, to affect targeted behaviour change or influence values and attitudes towards conservation introduce new ethical dilemmas that conservation professionals may not have considered or are ill‐equipped to deal with.

Drawing from strategic communication theory and professional guidelines, including from public relations, social marketing, advocacy, and the social sciences more broadly, we provide a framework and discuss important ethical considerations for conservation messaging.

The considerations discussed include those that apply across all stages of conservation messaging (be reflexive, engage responsibly, and consider power), as well as those that apply when defining the problem (ensure fairness in audience targeting), designing the solution (use equitable messages and calls to action and use truthful messaging and authentic messengers), and considering outcomes (consider intended and unintended consequences).

We present these considerations not as a fail‐safe checklist to prevent unethical conduct in conservation messaging, but rather as points of reflection to consider in the design of ethical conservation messages and campaigns. We present a series of prompting questions to guide this process. We believe taking the time to reflect in this way paves the way for more effective and ethical strategies for conservation messaging, leading to more open, trusting, and sustainable relationships with our audiences.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Key factors in the management of glycaemic control in people with cancer
Authors: Chaplin Steve 
Published: August 2022

Hyperglycaemia and diabetes are frequent complications of anti‐cancer therapy in people with or without diagnosed diabetes.Steve Chaplin here reports on recently produced guidelines that provide advice for the oncology and haemato‐oncology multidisciplinary teams but, in addition to information about diabetes with which those specialists may not be familiar, they include a lot of detail about cancer therapy that endocrinologists may find useful.
Understanding a young adult diabetes service's accessibility: have virtual appointments helped?
Authors: Hitchcock Megan , Heath Jennifer 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is characterised by hyperglycaemia, requiring strict management regimens to avoid associated health complications. Diagnosis and/or management of diabetes during young adulthood can be particularly challenging, potentially contributing to significant psychological distress and struggles with management, culminating in poor physical and mental health outcomes.This service evaluation sought feedback from young adult patients (19–25 years old) on diabetes service accessibility and to understand the impact of offering virtual appointments during the COVID‐19 pandemic.All young adult patients (n=101) were invited to complete an online questionnaire about their experience of service accessibility and offered the opportunity to discuss their feedback in a telephone interview. Data were collected from 15 patients.Analysis using content and thematic analyses revealed three main themes regarding service accessibility: practical barriers, psychological barriers, and patients’ relationship with the diabetes team.Recommendations are made for several service developments concerning appointment scheduling, appointment set‐up, and developments around service provision more widely. Further research is needed to gain a wider range of feedback to inform future developments and should prioritise patient involvement to increase patient response rate. Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons.
Immunoproteome profiling of Listeria monocytogenes under mild acid and salt stress conditions
Authors: D'Onofrio Federica , Visciano Pierina , Krasteva Ivanka , Torresi Marina , Tittarelli Manuela , Pomilio Francesco , Iannetti Luigi , Di Febo Tiziana , Paparella Antonello , Schirone Maria , Luciani Mirella 
Published: August 2022

AbstractListeria monocytogenes is one of the main foodborne pathogens worldwide. Although its response to stress conditions has been extensively studied, it is still present in the food processing environments and is a concern for consumers. To investigate how this microorganism adapts its proteome in mild stress conditions, a combined proteomics and bioinformatics approach was used to characterize the immunogenic protein profile of a sequence type 7 (ST7) strain that caused severe listeriosis outbreaks in central Italy. Extracted proteins were analyzed by immunoblotting using positive sera against L. monocytogenes and nLC‐ESI‐MS/MS, and all data were examined by five software to predict subcellular localization (SCL). A total of 226 proteins were extracted from the bands of interest, 58 of which were classified as potential immunogenic antigens. Compared to control cells grown under optimal conditions, six proteins, some of which under‐described, were expressed under mild acid and salt stress conditions and/or at 12°C. In particular, adaptation and shaping of the proteome mainly involved cell motility at 12°C without acid and salt stress, whereas the combination of the same temperature with mild acid and salt stress induced a response concerning carbohydrate metabolism, oxidative stress, and DNA repair. Raw data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD033519.
The effect of flaxseed intake on appetite reduction: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Zarei Mahtab , Adeli Shaghayegh , Hosseini Shabnam , Daneshzad Elnaz 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAppetite control has attracted many scientists' attention recently since it can lead to weight management and the prevention of further metabolic disorders. Many studies have been carried out to assess the effect of flaxseed on satiety perception but the results are controversial. This study aims to review these results comprehensively. PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched for related papers on June 2021. The searched keywords for appetite were: visual analog scale, appetite, desire to eat, satiation, satiety, hunger, fullness, and for Flaxseed they were: flax, flax*, linseed*, lignin*, Linseed Oil, flaxseed, ground flaxseed, flaxseed oil, and Linum usitatissimum. The 13 included studies were inconsistent in results and some of them found no significant effect of flaxseed on the considered outcomes. However, three studies revealed a significant reduction in hunger perception as well as appetite. Moreover, two studies found a decreasing effect on prospective consumption. Three studies observed a positive significant effect on fullness and satiety. Although there are a limited number of documents related to the effect of flaxseed on appetite perception, or its equivalent terms, the available studies suggest the potential role of flaxseed in decreasing appetite and hunger.
RUL prediction based on two‐phase wiener process
Authors: Liu Kai , Zou Tian‐Ji , Xin Min‐Cheng , Lv Cong‐Min 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe degradation model and the remaining useful life (RUL) prediction are two key metrics for machine health prognostics. However, the precision of RUL prediction highly depends on the validity of the degradation model. Consequently, the uncertainty of RUL prediction based on the two‐phase degradation process may cause the estimated product reliability to differ from its actual value and lead to a faulty predictive maintenance strategy. However, recent studies have rarely compared the RUL predictions based on two‐phase and single‐phase degradation models. In this study, a real‐time RUL prediction approach was developed for a two‐phase linear Wiener degradation process. A two‐phase Wiener degradation model was proposed along with an estimation method for the change point and model parameters. Based on a state‐space model and Markov chain Monte Carlo, the drift coefficient of the degradation model was updated, and a real‐time RUL prediction model was developed. To examine whether the two‐phase Wiener degradation model was incorrectly assumed to be single‐phase, a case study was conducted to analyze RUL prediction based on the original and incorrect models. The results demonstrated that to obtain a more accurate RUL prediction, a sufficient number of samples should be used in addition to updating the drift coefficient of the degradation model when new measurement data are available.
Novel event‐triggered distributed state estimation algorithm for nonlinear systems over wireless sensor networks
Authors: Shi Lihong , Yang Feng , Zheng Litao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on the event‐triggered distributed state estimation for nonlinear dynamic systems over wireless sensor networks, where whether measurement should be transmitted from the sensor to the corresponding local estimator depends on a predesigned event‐triggered mechanism. To obtain a better estimation performance while saving the communication energy consumption, a novel event‐triggered nonlinear state estimator is designed by approximating the true posterior probability density function with minimum Kullback–Leibler divergence when the measurement is not transmitted. After local estimation results are produced in every local estimator through applying the cubature rule, according to a communication protocol and covariance intersection fusion strategy, an event‐triggered distributed cubature Kalman filtering (EDCKF) algorithm is developed. Compared with algorithms based on weighted average consensus, the proposed algorithm eliminates the disagreement between local estimators and obtains its best performance within a limited time. Moreover, sufficient conditions are obtained to prove the stability of the EDCKF algorithm. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed estimator and algorithm.
Distributed attitude tracking control of multiple rigid bodies with global exponential stability on SO(3)
Authors: Huang Yi , Meng Ziyang , Sun Jian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this article, the leader‐following attitude tracking problem is considered for a group of rigid bodies, and a distributed control algorithm is proposed with global exponential stability on the rotational orthogonal group SO(3). In particular, we consider that only a subset of followers has access to the leader's trajectory, and a semi‐global exponential distributed observer is first proposed for each follower to estimate the leader's trajectory. Then, we introduce the shifted reference attitude of the leader to circumvent the topological obstruction on SO(3), and a combined distributed observer algorithm is developed by synthesizing different reference attitude trajectories. By constructing two Lyapunov functions, it is demonstrated that the leader's trajectory can be accurately estimated by the proposed distributed observer with exponential convergence. Next, an observer‐based attitude tracking control algorithm is synthesized, which is continuous in time but is discontinuous with respect to initial conditions. It is shown that the trajectory of the leader can be tracked by all followers with global exponential stability on SO(3). Finally, numerical simulation examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithms.
Identification of High‐Occupancy Areas and Movement Dynamics of Age‐0 Lake Sturgeon in the Lower Fox River, Wisconsin
Authors: Tucker Stefan , Houghton Christopher J. , Harris Brandon , Elliott Robert , Donofrio Michael , Forsythe Patrick S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe lower Fox River (LFR) is a highly urbanized and fragmented system with a legacy of pollution. Benthic dredging and sediment cleanup combined with capping have been implemented with the goal of remediating the polychlorinated biphenyl contamination and improving the health of resident fish and wildlife populations. The LFR hosts a small population of adult Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens that spawns at the base of the first barrier, De Pere Dam. Recent research suggests that larval production is limited and no juveniles have been documented residing within the system, although limited sampling has been conducted. The objectives of this study were to describe age‐0 Lake Sturgeon movement patterns, quantify the duration of river residency, and identify areas of congregation in the LFR. To track fish, a total of 38 age‐0 and 1 age‐1 Lake Sturgeon were obtained from nearby wild populations and hatchery settings, implanted with acoustic transmitters, released below De Pere Dam, and actively tracked, daily, for ~40 d (August–October in 2018 and 2019). Sixty‐nine percent of the acoustically tracked age‐0 Lake Sturgeon remained in the LFR for >50% of the study period, and emigration events appear to be related to increases in river discharge. Individuals residing within the LFR tend to congregate within six areas of the LFR encompassing 6% of total river area. The results suggest that suitable habitat exists in the LFR for age‐0 and age‐1 Lake Sturgeon, that discharge may cue downstream movement, and that high‐occupancy areas (likely areas of preferred habitat) are present in the LFR. Long‐term monitoring of larval production, survival, and age‐0/juvenile dynamics will continue to help identify recruitment bottlenecks, improve knowledge of juvenile ecology, and guide future restoration goals.
Synthesis of novel p‐n heterojunction g‐C3N4/Bi4Ti3O12 photocatalyst with improved solar‐light‐driven photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes
Authors: Mohanty Lopamudra , Pattanayak Dhruti Sundar , Pradhan Debapriya , Dash Suresh Kumar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWater contamination is now a big issue all around the world. So the discovery and progress of efficient and long‐lasting visible‐light‐active photocatalysts are the most difficult current research fields. Using a simple sonication process followed by thermal polymerization, a p‐n heterojunction structure of g‐C3N4/Bi4Ti3O12 (g‐C3N4/BTO) photocatalyst was prepared. The photocatalyst's morphologies, structures, and optical characteristics were meticulously investigated using XRD, FT‐IR, SEM, TEM, EDAX, and UV–DRS. The increased photodegradation efficiency might be attributed to the p‐n heterojunction of g‐C3N4/BTO, which has a high oxidative capacity, a smaller bandgap, greater visible‐light absorption capacity, and a decreased recombination rate of photo‐excited electron‐hole pairs. At pH 3, maximal photodegradation of 98% for RhB and 93% for MG dye was reported in 20 and 30 min, respectively. Furthermore, rhodamine B (RhB) and malachite green (MG) photocatalytic degradation proceeded at pseudo‐first‐order rates, with K values of 0.193 min–1 and 0.089 min–1, approximately. Based on the experimental results, a plausible mechanism for the improved photocatalytic activity was proposed. Meanwhile, the recycling experiment validated the g‐C3N4/BTO's high stability and endurance. The matching band locations and successful charge separation might be the mechanism underlying the improvements of photodegradation. Apart from that, based on the scavenger test, photogenerated superoxide radical ( and holes (h+) might be the major radicals in the degradation process. This research is likely to pave the way for the development of innovative visible‐light‐driven materials via nanostructure design.
Combined treatment with Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 plus acetylcholinesterase inhibitors improved cognitive function and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: García‐Alberca José María , Gris Esther , Mendoza Silvia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a neurocognitive state between normal aging and dementia. There is currently no approved treatment for MCI, with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) being the commonly prescribed drugs. The Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 is an herbal remedy used for cognitive disorders, including dementia. This study aims to explore the potential synergistic effect of combination therapy with EGb 761 plus AChEI in patients with amnestic MCI in a real‐life setting.MethodsWe retrospectively identified 133 patients with amnestic MCI who were attending a memory clinic. Patients had received treatment with any of the following drugs: G. biloba extract EGb 761, donepezil, galantamine, or rivastigmine at their standard doses. Subjects were divided into three treatment groups: EGb 761, AChEI, and EGb 761+AChEI. Patients were assessed by Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Boston Naming Test, Trail Making Test (TMT Parts A and B), Letter and Category Fluency Test (LFT, CFT), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and Interview for Deterioration in Daily Living. Mixed‐effects model analysis was carried out to evaluate changes in cognitive, functional, and behavioral outcomes over a 12‐month follow‐up.ResultsAfter 12 months, EGb 761+AChEI showed significant improvement in MMSE, RAVLT, CFT, TMT A‐B, and NPI compared to AChEI and in MMSE and RAVLT compared to EGb 761. At 12 months, EGb 761 was superior to AChEI on the CFT, TMT A‐B, and NPI.DiscussionOur findings suggest that combined therapy with EGb 761 plus AChEI may provide added cognitive and functional benefits in patients with MCI and provides additional real‐world evidence for the combined use of EGb 761 and anti‐dementia drugs in patients with MCI. This study can serve as a model for the design of clinical trials that help to support the combined use of EGb 761 and anti‐dementia drugs in patients with MCI.