bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of vascular refilling in extended nocturnal hemodialysis
Authors: Kron Susanne , Schneditz Daniel , Leimbach Til , Schneider Johanna , Kron Joachim 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionLong dialysis treatments are generally assumed to mitigate the ultrafiltration (UF) induced volume perturbation and to improve vascular refilling because of reduced UF rates and sufficient time for volume re‐equilibration. The time course of vascular refilling was therefore examined during extended nocturnal dialysis.MethodsFor each hour of dialysis, vascular refilling volume was calculated from the absolute blood volume changes and UF volume removed. Absolute blood volume was estimated by indicator dilution at the beginning of dialysis and then tracked with a relative blood volume monitor. The refilling fraction was defined as the ratio of refilling volume to UF volume.FindingsTen stable chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients were studied during extended (7 h) nocturnal treatment sessions. Specific UF rate was 4.8 ± 1.8 ml/kg/h. In the 1 h, refilling volume amounted to only 23% of UF volume. Thereafter, refilling fraction steeply increased and reached maximum values in the 2, 3 and 4 h at about mean 90% (91.5%, 88.7%, and 91.1% respectively). From the 5 h on, refilling volume decreased (5 h 81.3%, 6 h 72.5%, 7 h 70.0% of UF volume). Cumulative refilling reached 73.6% of UF volume after 4 h of treatment time. This did not change during the further course of HD. Cumulative refilling volume showed a strong correlation (r = 0.94; p < 0.001) with UF volume. The ratio of blood volume to extracellular volume (Rbex) was 0.306 ± 0.029 before and slightly but significantly increased to 0.326 ± 0.030 after UF.DiscussionIn spite of low‐UF rates and extended treatment times, overall refilling fraction reached only 74% and was not different from the refilling fraction observed in regular HD. This value seems to represent a point where UF‐induced volume perturbation is adequately compensated by physiologic control mechanisms.
Downregulation of thrombomodulin contributes to ischemia‐reperfusion injury in mice with steatotic liver
Authors: Yamaguchi Megumi , Tashiro Hirotaka , Kuroda Shintaro , Okimoto Sho , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Hinoi Takao , Ohdan Hideki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimIschemia‐reperfusion (IR) injury is one of the most critical complications commonly associated with liver surgery, including liver transplantation. Steatotic livers are particularly vulnerable to IR injury. However, the underlying mechanisms of this increased susceptibility have not fully been understood. In the present study, we used heterogeneous thrombomodulin (TM)‐knockout (KO) (TM+/−) mice, which express about 50% functional activity of TM as compared with wild type, to investigate whether dysregulation of TM enhances IR injury in steatotic livers.MethodsSteatotic livers were induced using choline‐deficient diets (CDD) in mice. The biological activity of TM was assessed using the productivity of protein C. Susceptibility to IR injury was compared between steatotic livers and non‐steatotic livers and also assessed in TM‐KO mice. We investigated whether recombinant TM (rTM) and the lectin‐like domain of TM (rTM‐D1) ameliorated IR injury in steatotic livers.ResultsProtein C activity was significantly decreased to less than 20% in CDD‐fed mice compared with mice with non‐steatotic livers. Steatotic livers showed exaggerated IR injury compared with non‐steatotic livers. Recombinant TM (rTM) and the lectin‐like domain of TM (rTM‐D1), which has anti‐inflammatory effects, ameliorated IR injury in steatotic livers. TM+/− mice showed increased susceptibility to IR injury, and rTM ameliorated the increased IR injury in TM+/− mice.ConclusionWe conclude that downregulation of TM increases susceptibility to hepatic IR injury in steatotic livers and that rTM ameliorates hepatic IR injury through anti‐inflammatory action.
Nurses' mental health and coping strategies throughout COVID‐19 outbreak: A nationwide qualitative study
Authors: Maideen Aminol Azrin , Idris Deeni Rudita , Lupat Agong , Chung Yea Fui , Haji‐Badarudin Haji‐Salehkamal , Suhai Hajah‐Kartini , Abdullah Hajah Noraliah , Omar Haji‐Rahim , Kisut Ramlah , Abdul Rahman Hanif , Abdul‐Mumin Khadizah H. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTThis qualitative exploratory study explored nurses' mental health and coping strategies working with suspected and confirmed COVID‐19 patients in Brunei Darussalam. Eleven focus group discussions were conducted between October 2020 and January 2021, involving 75 participants. Three themes emerged: ‘COVID‐19 roller‐coaster transitional journey’ explained the different psychological responses of the journey of the nurses from merely hearing about COVID‐19 from far to the invasion of the virus and community outbreak in the country; ‘Mind my mind and heart’ share experiences of the nurses in terms of their mental health and emotional responses; and ‘the psychosocial system’ described the coping mechanisms of the nurses throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic. Nurses' mental health and coping strategies during the COVID‐19 pandemic influenced how they provided care and performed other tasks, which should not be taken for granted. Nurses employed psychosocial coping methods at the different phases of the COVID‐19 pandemic and support from family, friends, the public, and the governmental level. This research is fundamental as a basis for other countries to design psychological interventions during this yet unsettled COVID‐19 pandemic.
Angular absorptance and thermal degradation analysis of TiB2/Ti(B,N)/SiON/SiO2 multilayer solar absorber coating
Authors: Poobalan Ranjith Kumar , Singh Mahander Pratap , K. Niranjan , Chattopadhyay Kamanio , Barshilia Harish C. , Basu Bikramjit 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMultilayer solar selective absorber coatings have been developed in the last few decades. The thermal stability in terms of microstructure gives an insightful understanding of the optical properties of such coatings. In this context, we extensively utilized transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis to establish the thermal stability of TiB2/Ti(B,N)/SiON/SiO2 coating, under thermal cycling/continuous heating to 500°C in vacuum for 250 h. In particular, this work reports the variation in the solar absorptance of TiB2/Ti(B,N)/SiON/SiO2 coating with different angles of incidence of the solar radiation. Extensive analysis using the TEM technique reveals the presence of oxide interlayers that act as diffusion barrier layers to enhance the thermal stability of the coating. Computational simulation using SCOUT software validates the measured reflectance spectrum of the developed multilayer coating. The minor changes in absorptance and emissivity after heat treatment in vacuum at 500°C, together with high solar absorptance over a broad angular variation, establish the potential application of TiB2/Ti(B,N)/SiON/SiO2 as a selective coating in concentrated solar power systems.
Fabrication of anodic aluminum oxide on silica optical fiber with nanopore channels oriented off surface normal
Authors: Tang Renhong , Du Henry 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAluminum coating on silica optical fiber was anodized by applying an electric field off‐axis to surface normal of the fiber coating with simulation of the electric field lines between angularly positioned anode and cathode as a guide. The nanostructure features, including nanopore orientation, of the resultant anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. This unique off‐axis electric field arrangement enabled the formation of AAO with uniformly tilted nanopore channel arrays. Nanopore channels with tilting angles around 10°–20° relative to surface normal of AAO were obtained. These results are in general agreement with the simulated electric field lines between the anode and cathode.
The influences of a virtual instructor's voice and appearance on learning from video lectures
Authors: Pi Zhongling , Deng Lixia , Wang Xu , Guo Peirong , Xu Tao , Zhou Yun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundVideo lectures which include the instructor's presence are becoming increasingly popular. Presenting a real human does, however, entail higher financial and time costs in making videos, and one innovative approach to reduce costs has been to generate a virtual speaking instructor.ObjectivesThe current study examined whether the use of a virtual instructor in video lectures would facilitate learning as well as a human instructor, and whether manipulating the virtual instructor's characteristics (i.e., voice and appearance) might optimize the effectiveness of the virtual instructor.MethodsOur study set four conditions. In the control condition, students watched a human instructor. In the experiment conditions, students watched one of (a) a virtual instructor which used the human instructor's voice and an AI image, (b) a virtual instructor which spoke in an AI voice with an AI image made to speak using text‐to‐speech and lip synthesis techniques, or (c) a virtual instructor with used an AI voice and an AI likable‐image of an instructor.Results and ConclusionsThe AI likable instructor condition had a significant positive effect on students' learning performance and motivation, without decreasing the attention students paid to the learning materials.ImplicationsOur findings suggest that instructional video designers can make use of AI voices and AI images of likable humans as instructors to motivate students and enhance their learning performance.
A WNT protein therapeutic accelerates consolidation of a bone graft substitute in a pre‐clinical sinus augmentation model
Authors: Coyac Benjamin R. , Wolf Benjamin J. , Bahat Daniel J. , Arioka Masaki , Brunski John B. , Helms Jill A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimAutologous bone grafts consolidate faster than bone graft substitutes (BGSs) but resorb over time, which compromises implant support. We hypothesized that differences in consolidation rates affected the mechanical properties of grafts and implant stability, and tested whether a pro‐osteogenic protein, liposomal WNT3A (L‐WNT3A), could accelerate graft consolidation.Materials and MethodsA transgenic mouse model of sinus augmentation with immunohistochemistry, enzymatic assays, and histology were used to quantitatively evaluate the osteogenic properties of autografts and BGSs. Composite and finite element modelling compared changes in the mechanical properties of grafts during healing until consolidation, and secondary implant stability following remodelling activities. BGSs were combined with L‐WNT3A and tested for its osteogenic potential.ResultsCompared with autografts, BGSs were bioinert and lacked osteoprogenitor cells. While in autografted sinuses, new bone arose evenly from all living autograft particles, new bone around BGSs solely initiated at the sinus floor, from the internal maxillary periosteum. WNT treatment of BGSs resulted in significantly higher expression levels of pro‐osteogenic proteins (Osterix, Collagen I, alkaline phosphatase) and lower levels of bone‐resorbing activity (tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase activity); together, these features culminated in faster new bone formation, comparable to that of an autograft.ConclusionsWNT‐treated BGSs supported faster consolidation, and because BGSs typically resist resorption, their use may be superior to autografts for sinus augmentation.
The combination of experimental periodontitis and oral microbiota from periodontitis patients aggravates liver fibrosis in mice
Authors: Bai Lan , Wang Yong‐Li , Chen Yan‐Lin , Li Hu‐Xiao , Zhu Shi‐Wei , Liu Yan , Song Zhong‐Chen , Duan Sheng‐Zhong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimPeriodontitis (PD) is the sixth most prevalent disease around the world and is involved in the development and progression of multiple systemic diseases. Previous studies have reported that PD may aggravate liver injuries. The objective of this study was to investigate whether and how PD affects liver fibrosis.Materials and MethodsLigature‐induced PD (LIP) was induced in male C57/B6J mice, and sub‐gingival plaques (PL) from patients with PD were applied to mouse teeth. Liver fibrosis was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injection. The mice were randomly divided into six groups: Oil, Oil+LIP, Oil+LIP+PL, CCl4, CCl4+LIP, and CCl4+LIP+PL. Alveolar bone resorption was evaluated by methylene blue staining. Hepatic function was analysed by serum alanine aminotransferase and hepatic hydroxyproline. Picrosirius red and α‐smooth muscle actin (SMA) staining were used to evaluate the fibrotic area. RNA sequencing and quantitative RT‐PCR were used to measure gene expression. Western blotting was used to measure protein levels. Flow cytometry was used to analyse the accumulation of immune cells. Mouse microbiota were analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.ResultsMice in the CCl4+LIP+PL group displayed higher serum alanine aminotransferase and hepatic hydroxyproline as well as more Picrosirius red‐positive and α‐SMA‐positive areas in liver samples than those of the CCl4 group, suggesting that PD (LIP+PL) aggravated CCl4‐induced hepatic dysfunction and liver fibrosis. Consistently, the expression of fibro‐genic genes and the protein levels of transforming growth factor β were much higher in the CCl4+LIP+PL group than in the CCl4 group. Flow cytometry revealed that PD increased the accumulation of immune cells, including Kupffer cells, B cells, and Th17 cells, in the liver of mice with CCl4 treatment. PD also increased the expression of inflammatory genes and activated pro‐inflammatory nuclear factor‐kappa B pathway in the livers of CCl4‐injected mice. Moreover, PD altered both oral and liver microbiota in CCl4‐injected mice.ConclusionsPD aggravates CCl4‐induced hepatic dysfunction and fibrosis in mice, likely through the increase of inflammation and alteration of microbiota in the liver.
Prenatal Considerations and Outcomes for Girls Aged 14 and Under: Development of a Multidisciplinary Team in a Large Tertiary Care Facility
Authors: Fairchild Esther , Kyle Sara , Marion Shirley , Cheatham Allyson , Lecky Tashein , Harris Shalawn , Jensen Sarah 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionAdolescent girls account for 11% of all births that occur globally every year. Among developing countries, the United States continues to have one of the highest adolescent birth rates, despite a decreasing trend between 1990 and 2010. Pregnant adolescents are a vulnerable population who are at increased risk for maternal morbidity and mortality. Additional risks are noted within the early adolescent population, usually defined as age 10 to 14.ProcessAt Parkland hospital, a large tertiary care facility in Dallas, Texas, a multidisciplinary team was created in 2017 to care for this vulnerable population. The team consisted of a certified nurse‐midwife (CNM), a Certified Child Life Specialist, a maternal fetal medicine physician, a social worker, and a Spanish interpreter, with additional services consulted as needed. Between 2017 and 2020, this team grew to include 8 CNMs and provided care to 76 young adolescents ages 14 and younger.OutcomesOf the young adolescents who attended prenatal visits with the Adolescent Prenatal Care Team at Parkland, 87% presented to Parkland for birth. Eighteen percent had pregnancy‐induced hypertension or eclampsia. Only 7% of adolescents in the program gave birth prior to 37 weeks. Seventy‐four percent had vaginal births. Sixty percent of the adolescents attended known postpartum visits.DiscussionIn contrast to most studies, this Adolescent Care Team did not find a high rate of premature birth in early adolescents. Further work by this team is needed to compare the data obtained during this period with data on similar adolescents who have given birth at Parkland in prior years. In addition, comparing outcomes of early adolescents with those aged 15 to 19, who were not included in the Adolescent Care Team, will help to understand the impact that such a team or similar intervention might have on this vulnerable population.
The risk of renal comorbidities in celiac disease patients depends on the phenotype of celiac disease
Authors: Nurmi Rakel , Pasternack Camilla , Salmi Teea , Hervonen Kaisa , Koskinen Inka , Järvelin Jutta , Huhtala Heini , Collin Pekka , Mustonen Jukka , Kaukinen Katri , Mäkelä Satu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn increased risk of kidney disease in patients with celiac disease has been reported, but the association has remained obscure. Only few studies have investigated the association between renal comorbidities and dermatitis herpetiformis, a cutaneous manifestation of celiac disease.ObjectivesWe investigated whether patients with different phenotypes of celiac disease are at higher risk of kidney diseases than age‐ and sex‐matched references.MethodsThe diagnoses of glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, interstitial nephritis, and end‐stage renal disease obtained from the National Hospital Discharge Register between 1970 and 2015 were identified in celiac disease (Marsh III, n = 1072) and dermatitis herpetiformis (n = 368) patients diagnosed at Tampere University Hospital catchment region and in 4296 reference subjects. Using the Cox proportional hazards model, we compared the risk of kidney diseases between patients and references. The study protocol was approved by the Regional Ethics Committee of Tampere University Hospital (R16090). As the study was register based, no consent from patients was required.ResultsEven after adjusting for type 1 diabetes, celiac disease was associated with an elevated risk of kidney disease (hazard ratio [HR] 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–3.03), glomerulonephritis (HR 3.37, 95% CI 1.64–6.95), and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) (HR 18.98, 95% CI 2.29–157.63). No similarly elevated risk was found among dermatitis herpetiformis patients (HR 1.50, 95% CI 0.63–3.55; HR 2.21, 95% CI 0.77–6.38; and HR 5.87, 95% CI 0.53–64.79, respectively).ConclusionCeliac disease patients were at increased risk of kidney diseases, notably IgAN. The risk was dependent on the celiac disease phenotype and was not seen in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Awareness of possible renal manifestations is recommended when treating celiac disease patients.
‘We're all Born Naked and the Rest is Drag’: Spectacularization of Core Stigma in RuPaul's Drag Race
Authors: Campana Mario , Duffy Katherine , Micheli Maria Rita 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHow can organizations capitalize on core stigma through spectacles? In this paper, we adopt a performativity perspective to address this question. Specifically, we analyze how an assemblage of different actors within and around an organization contributes to the spectacularization of stigma and thus brings a new reality into being. In this new reality, rather than stigma being concealed, it is normalized, and the organization capitalizes on it to enhance success. We focus on RuPaul's Drag Race as a stigmatized organization that has built its success through the active spectacularization of its core stigma. In our analyses, we identify three mechanisms (i.e., reiteration of transgressions, awakening of social consciousness, and language modelling) the organization strategically uses to spectacularize the transgressions associated with the social deviance of drag queens. Through these mechanisms, a new reality around the stigma of drag queens is constructed and stigma is normalized. Overall, we contribute to a better understanding of how organizations can capitalize on their core stigma through spectacularization; we also explore the role of audiences in co‐creating organizational realities around stigma.
Women, work, and families during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Examining the effects of COVID policies and looking to the future
Authors: Hayes Amy Roberson , Lee Diamond 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe far‐reaching, negative effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic have impacted healthcare, economic, public safety, and social systems globally. The public safety measures put in place in the United States during the COVID‐19 pandemic, including sheltering in places orders and shutdowns of schools and places of work, negatively impacted the employment status and increased time spent in domestic work and childcare for women. In this paper, we review and analyze the impacts, both direct and indirect, of COVID‐related policies on the lives of women. Specifically, we outline how the progression of policies aimed at addressing both public safety and economic recovery during the COVID‐19 pandemic affected women's health, paid and unpaid work, and wellbeing. We will focus on the impacts of policies implemented in the United States in comparison to policies that were implemented globally to address similar issues during the first two years of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Finally, we conclude with recommendations for policies that could prevent similar disparate impacts on women in future crises.
Structure analysis and quality evaluation of plant‐based meat analogs
Authors: Fu Jialing , Sun Cuixia , Chang Yuyang , Li Saiya , Zhang Yin , Fang Yapeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe growing world's population increases the demand of proteins. Meat products as the major source of high protein food are facing environmental impacts and animal welfare issues. Therefore, plant‐based meat analogs are developed and gain a foothold in global markets. The structure design, sensory attributes and nutrient characteristics of meat analogs are crucial points to match the real meat. This review aimed to systematically introduce the structural analysis methods and evaluate meat analog products from quality‐related attributes. First, various strategies of analyzing the fibrous structure of meat analogs were illustrated, including microscopic imaging and several optical techniques. Then, representative techniques such as NMR and AFM‐IR for analyzing the distribution of moisture and lipid in meat analogs are introduced. In terms of quality, we elaborated on the texture and sensory evaluation methods and dialectically analyzed meat analogs’ nutrition, which can provide a guidance for the advanced development of meat analogs.
Cirrhosis and fungal infections‐a cocktail for catastrophe: A systematic review and meta‐analysis with machine learning
Authors: Verma Nipun , Singh Shreya , Roy Akash , Valsan Arun , Garg Pratibha , Pradhan Pranita , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Singh Meenu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe evaluated the magnitude and factors contributing to poor outcomes among cirrhosis patients with fungal infections (FIs).MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Ovid and WOS and included articles reporting mortality in cirrhosis with FIs. We pooled the point and relative‐risk (RR) estimates of mortality on random‐effects meta‐analysis and explored their heterogeneity (I
2) on subgroups, meta‐regression and machine learning (ML). We assessed the study quality through New‐Castle‐Ottawa Scale and estimate‐asymmetry through Eggers regression. (CRD42019142782).ResultsOf 4345, 34 studies (2134 patients) were included (good/fair/poor quality: 12/21/1). Pooled mortality of FIs was 64.1% (95% CI: 55.4–72.0, I
2: 87%, p < .01), which was 2.1 times higher than controls (95% CI: 1.8–2.5, I
2:89%, p < .01). Higher CTP (MD: +0.52, 95% CI: 0.27–0.77), MELD (MD: +2.75, 95% CI: 1.21–4.28), organ failures and increased hospital stay (30 vs. 19 days) were reported among cases with FIs. Patients with ACLF (76.6%, RR: 2.3) and ICU‐admission (70.4%, RR: 1.6) had the highest mortality. The risk was maximum for pulmonary FIs (79.4%, RR: 1.8), followed by peritoneal FIs (68.3%, RR: 1.7) and fungemia (55%, RR: 1.7). The mortality was higher in FIs than in bacterial (RR: 1.7) or no infections (RR: 2.9). Estimate asymmetry was evident (p < 0.05). Up to 8 clusters and 5 outlier studies were identified on ML, and the estimate‐heterogeneity was eliminated by excluding such studies.ConclusionsA substantially worse prognosis, poorer than bacterial infections in cirrhosis patients with FIs, indicates an unmet need for improving fungal diagnostics and therapeutics in this population. ACLF and ICU admission should be included in the host criteria for defining IFIs.