bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost‐effectiveness models for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: IPECAD modeling workshop cross‐comparison challenge
Authors: Handels Ron L.H. , Green Colin , Gustavsson Anders , Herring William L. , Winblad Bengt , Wimo Anders , Sköldunger Anders , Karlsson Andreas , Anderson Robert , Belger Mark , Brück Chiara , Espinosa Robert , Hlávka Jakub P. , Jutkowitz Eric , Lin Pei‐Jung , Mendez Mauricio Lopez , Mar Javier , Shewmaker Peter , Spackman Eldon , Tafazzoli Ali , Tysinger Bryan , Jönsson Linus ,   IPECAD modeling workshop 2020 participants
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe credibility of model‐based economic evaluations of Alzheimer's disease (AD) interventions is central to appropriate decision‐making in a policy context. We report on the International PharmacoEconomic Collaboration on Alzheimer's Disease (IPECAD) Modeling Workshop Challenge.MethodsTwo common benchmark scenarios, for the hypothetical treatment of AD mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia, were developed jointly by 29 participants. Model outcomes were summarized, and cross‐comparisons were discussed during a structured workshop.ResultsA broad concordance was established among participants. Mean 10‐year restricted survival and time in MCI in the control group ranged across 10 MCI models from 6.7 to 9.5 years and 3.4 to 5.6 years, respectively; and across 4 mild dementia models from 5.4 to 7.9 years (survival) and 1.5 to 4.2 years (mild dementia).DiscussionThe model comparison increased our understanding of methods, data used, and disease progression. We established a collaboration framework to assess cost‐effectiveness outcomes, an important step toward transparent and credible AD models.
Oxygen‐Sensing Chemiluminescent Iridium(III) 1,2‐Dioxetanes: Unusual Coordination and Activity
Authors: Kagalwala Husain N. , Bueno Lorena , Wanniarachchi Hashini , Unruh Daniel K. , Hamal Khagendra B. , Pavlich Cyprian I. , Carlson Graham J. , Pinney Kevin G. , Mason Ralph P. , Lippert Alexander R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNext generation chemiluminescent iridium 1,2‐dioxetane complexes have been developed which consist of the Schaap's 1,2‐dioxetane scaffold directly attached to the metal center. This was achieved by synthetically modifying the scaffold precursor with a phenylpyridine moiety, which can act as a ligand. Reaction of this scaffold ligand with the iridium dimer [Ir(BTP)2(μ‐Cl)]2(BTP=2‐(benzo[b]thiophen‐2‐yl)pyridine) yielded isomers which depict ligation through either the cyclometalating carbon or, interestingly, the sulfur atom of one BTP ligand. Their corresponding 1,2‐dioxetanes display chemiluminescent responses in buffered solutions, exhibiting a single, red‐shifted peak at 600 nm. This triplet emission was effectively quenched by oxygen, yielding in vitro Stern‐Volmer constants of 0.1 and 0.009 mbar−1for the carbon‐bound and sulfur compound, respectively. Lastly, the sulfur‐bound dioxetane was further utilized for oxygen sensing in muscle tissue of living mice and xenograft models of tumor hypoxia, depicting the ability of the probe chemiluminescence to penetrate biological tissue (total flux ∼106 p/s).
Trogbrücke mit Versprung
Authors: Jacob‐Freitag Susanne , Miebach Frank 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVor der Küste der holländischen Gemeinde Delfzijl werden im Rahmen eines Stadtentwicklungsprogramms Salzwiesen mit Sand und Schlick angelegt und der Seedeich in eine Rad‐ und Wanderpromenade umgewandelt. Seit Herbst 2020 verbindet nun auch eine neue Fußgänger‐ und Radwegbrücke das Stadtzentrum von Delfzijl mit dem Boulevard am Wattenmeer. Beauftragt hat sie die gleichnamige Gemeinde, verknüpft mit dem Wunsch nach einem nachhaltigen Bauwerk. So stand von vornherein fest, dass Holz zum Zug kommen sollte. Entsprechend nutzten die Planer Brettschichtholz (BSH) für das Haupttragwerk, kombinierten es mit Stahl jedoch so, dass ein auf geschickte Weise variierter Typus der Trogbrücke entstanden ist. Die daraus hervorgegangene Z‐Form gibt der Brücke ihren eigenen Charakter und sorgt für ein markantes Erscheinungsbild, das auch aus der Ferne zu erkennen ist.
Analyzing recurrent and nonrecurrent terminal events data in discrete time
Authors: Wen Chi‐Chung , Chen Yi‐Hau 
Published: October 2022

AbstractJoint analysis of recurrent and nonrecurrent terminal events has attracted substantial attention in literature. However, there lacks formal methodology for such analysis when the event time data are on discrete scales, even though some modeling and inference strategies have been developed for discrete‐time survival analysis. We propose a discrete‐time joint modeling approach for the analysis of recurrent and terminal events where the two types of events may be correlated with each other. The proposed joint modeling assumes a shared frailty to account for the dependence among recurrent events and between the recurrent and the terminal terminal events. Also, the joint modeling allows for time‐dependent covariates and rich families of transformation models for the recurrent and terminal events. A major advantage of our approach is that it does not assume a distribution for the frailty, nor does it assume a Poisson process for the analysis of the recurrent event. The utility of the proposed analysis is illustrated by simulation studies and two real applications, where the application to the biochemists' rank promotion data jointly analyzes the biochemists' citation numbers and times to rank promotion, and the application to the scleroderma lung study data jointly analyzes the adverse events and off‐drug time among patients with the symptomatic scleroderma‐related interstitial lung disease.
Motivation, self‐efficacy, perception, curiosity, and barriers toward medical research among undergraduates in China
Authors: Chen Huiyu , Teng Teng , Chen Hongyu , Liu Xiaoying , Liu Zhaohong , Li Xuemei , Jie Wang , Wu Xiang , Cao Lu , Hongyan Wu , Zhu Dan , Zhou Xinyu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMedical research is important to scientific progress and medical education. Institutions worldwide have sought to increase student involvement in research such as clinician–scientists training programs, while little is known about how medical undergraduates perceive research. A cross‐sectional study was conducted in Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, with first–fourth year undergraduates. An online, anonymous, and self‐rating 5‐point Likert questionnaire was conducted to investigate medical undergraduates' demographic characteristics and assess motivation, self‐efficacy, perception, curiosity, and barriers regarding medical research. Content validity was checked with experts and face validity was checked for clarity and understanding of the questionnaire. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questions ranged from 0.813 to 0.879. A total of 3273 medical undergraduates were surveyed, and 86.62% (2835) participants (male 962, female 1873) were identified as effective. Males scored higher than females on self‐efficacy (p < 0.001), perception (p = 0.017), and curiosity (p < 0.001), and lower on barriers (p < 0.001). The second year students are at the peak of their perception (p = 0.006) and lowest barrier scores (p = 0.003). Students with scientific research experience scored higher in motivation (p = 0.002), self‐efficacy (p < 0.001), perception (p < 0.001), and curiosity (p < 0.001). Lack of proper mentoring opportunity (86.2%) and knowledge (84.5%) were the main barriers in conducting research. Even though they have a positive perspective, only a few undergraduates enrolled in research. Medical universities should encourage faculties to supervise and guide undergraduates' projects, and provide feasible solutions for students to learn scientific knowledge and skills. It is vital to build a research‐oriented environment and academic atmosphere.
Metabolomics study based on GC–MS reveals a protective function of luteolin against glutamate‐induced PC12 cell injury
Authors: Gao Ying , Zhu Jinfeng , Sun Mengyao , Wang Shaomin , Liu Hongmin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOxidative stress response is closely related to neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to investigate the cytoprotective effects of luteolin on glutamate‐induced oxidative stress injury in PC12 cells. GC–MS combined with multivariate statistical approaches was used to perform metabolomics studies to assess the possible mechanisms. Our results identified 23 metabolites as differential expressed metabolites in the glutamate group, including cysteine content in cells that decreased drastically. This suggests that glutathione synthesis, which balances the redox state of cells, was affected. Luteolin inhibits the reduction in viability in glutamate‐induced PC12 cells and regulates 13 differential expressed metabolites in glutamate‐induced cell damage. These metabolites associated with luteolin included glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; aminoacyl‐tRNA biosynthesis; cysteine and methionine metabolism; inositol phosphate metabolism; and starch and sucrose metabolism. In summary, the systemic antioxidant capacity of luteolin in PC12 cells is related to its regulation of amino acid, glucose, and nucleotide metabolism pathways.
Why do young people engage in some civic actions and not others? Exploring the roles of individual and collective civic efficacy
Authors: Gee Matthew N. , Johnson Sara K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCivic actions are behaviours intended to improve conditions for others or help shape a community's future. Such actions vary widely from voting to voluntary helping, from canvassing to community organizing, and attempts have been made to categorize the array of civic actions. However, the question of why young adults engage in some types of civic actions versus others is not well understood. Using data from 598 White, cisgender, heterosexual young adults in the United States, we examined the relations between individual civic efficacy, collective civic efficacy, and seven actions: writing social media posts, voting, buycotting, volunteering, participating in an organization, supporting political candidates, and protesting. We hypothesized that individual efficacy would be positively related to all seven actions, but collective efficacy would be more strongly related to collective or political actions, compared to the individual or civil ones. Logistic regression analyses showed that individual efficacy positively predicted engagement in all seven civic actions. Individual and collective efficacy had a complex curvilinear relation with buycotting and supporting political candidates. Implications for future research and applications aimed at promoting civic engagement amongst young adults are discussed. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Gold(III) Catalyzed Overman Rearrangements: Controlling Steric Interactions using Pincer‐Type Ligands
Authors: Engbers Silène , Trifonova Evgeniya A. , van der Geest Kirsten M. , Nauta Wietske J. , Hess Kristopher M. , Klein Johannes E. M. N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSpatial control of reactivity is intrinsically difficult in gold catalysis due to the linear coordination mode of Au(I) and the commonly flat ligands employed for Au(III) complexes. Our recent report of a novel and sterically encumbered (NNN)diiPrAu−OH complex (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2021, 3561–3564.) suggested that the (NNN) ligand framework is capable of sterically interacting with substrates through its conveniently oriented aryl groups. We have now examined these steric properties in more detail by varying the ortho‐substituent of the aryl group in (NNN)xAu−Cl complexes. With just small modifications we were able to vary the buried volume around the Cl atom and correlate this to yields obtained in a Au‐catalyzed Overman rearrangement. Computationally we further elucidate that the stark difference in yields obtained originates from a shift in binding mode of the substrate to the Au catalyst in the rate limiting step of the reaction. We thus conclude that delicate spatial control can be exercised in gold catalysis and propose the (NNN) ligand framework to be an attractive platform for the efficient design of Au(III) complexes for stereoselective catalysis.
Gene expression pattern of adenosine receptors in lung tumors
Authors: Asgharkhah Elnaz , Saghaeian Jazi Marie , Asadi Jahanbakhsh , Jafari Seyyed Mehdi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdenosine, a purine nucleoside, plays an important function in the pathogenesis of cancer through interaction with the cell surface G protein‐coupled adenosine receptors. It is important to determine the expression pattern of these receptors in different cancers. Previously in our lab, we found up‐regulation of A1 adenosine receptor (AR) in lung tumors playing as a putative target for cancer cell inhibition, and here we aimed to investigate the significance of other adenosine receptor isoforms (A2aAR, A2bAR, and A3AR).MethodsIn this study, first of all, we evaluated the adenosine receptors gene expression in the bioinformatics database (GENT2). Then the genes expression was measured experimentally in the 20 lung cancer tumor tissues in comparison to the matched tumor‐adjacent normal tissue (as control). The mRNA expression of receptors was evaluated by real‐time PCR. The tumors were categorized by the tumor size and the gene expression change was evaluated.ResultsThe experimental results indicated a significant increase in A2aAR (p value = .021) and A3AR (p value = .01) expression in lung tumor tissues compared to the adjacent tumor margins which were in accordant to bioinformatics analysis. We found a non‐significant increase in A2bAR expression; however, when comparing the patients according to the tumor size, our data showed that the expression of A2bAR adenosine receptor in patients with smaller lung tumor sizes was higher than the other group (p = .011).ConclusionThe results of this study showed that adenosine receptors A3AR, and A2aAR are highly expressed in lung tumors relative to tumor‐adjacent normal tissue. We suggest that overexpression of adenosine receptors in lung cancer is due to their regulatory role in various aspects of lung cancer.
Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Valsartan in Healthy Chinese Subjects
Authors: Yang Haiyun , Gao Ruomei , Ji Xingfang , Wang Zhipeng , Qiu Wen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe study was conducted to establish a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model of valsartan in Chinese healthy subjects and investigate potential covariate impacts on the pharmacokinetics (PK) parameters. Data from a bioequivalence study with 78 Chinese healthy subjects were retrospectively analyzed to develop a PPK model of valsartan. Phoenix NLME 8.1 was used to build a PPK model and quantify the effects of covariates, such as demographic data and biochemical, on the PK parameters of valsartan. For the healthy Chinese population, valsartan conformed to the two‐compartment model with an absorption lag time. In the final PPK model, food affected the absorption rate constant, while aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and creatinine affected the clearance of the central compartment. The final PPK model was verified to be reproducible, and it can be used to evaluate the PK parameters. This is the first research describing the PPK profile of valsartan in healthy Chinese subjects, and it is expected to provide relevant PK parameters for further study of valsartan.
Effect of Severe Renal Impairment on Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of ACT‐1014‐6470, a Novel Oral Complement Factor 5a Receptor 1 Antagonist
Authors: Hammann‐Hänni Anya , Kaufmann Priska , Klein Gernot , Schmid Karin , Dingemanse Jasper 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the safety and the effect of severe renal impairment (RI) on the pharmacokinetics of ACT‐1014‐6470, a novel oral complement factor 5a receptor 1 antagonist. A phase 1 single‐center, open‐label, single‐dose, parallel‐group study was conducted in subjects with severe RI (n = 8) compared to demographically pairwise matched subjects with normal renal function (n = 8). Plasma levels of ACT‐1014‐6470 were measured up to 120 hours following an oral 40‐mg dose. Safety evaluations included adverse events (AEs), vital signs, hematology, coagulation, clinical chemistry tests, and electrocardiograms. All 16 subjects completed the study. Relative to subjects with normal renal function, ACT‐1014‐6470 time to maximum plasma concentration was delayed with a median of differences of 3 hours. The maximum plasma concentration and the area under the plasma concentration–time profile from time zero to infinity were comparable indicated by geometric mean ratios (90%CI) of 0.85 (0.53–1.37) and 1.17 (0.73–1.85), respectively. Four transient and mild AEs in three subjects with severe RI were reported; three AEs were considered not related to ACT‐1014‐6470. These results support the use of ACT‐1014‐6470 in subjects with mild to severe RI without the need of dose adjustment.
Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cai Ke , Liu Yi‐Ping , Wang Dan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can remain undiagnosed for many years, during which micro‐ and macro‐vascular complications may develop. This study aimed to assess the worldwide prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM.Materials and MethodsWe systematically searched electronic databases for relevant studies published from inception to 01 January 2022. Selected studies reported the prevalence of DR among patients with newly diagnosed T2DM, specifying the case definition used. Random‐effects meta‐analysis was used to derive the pooled prevalence. Subgroup and meta‐regression analyses were used to investigate variations in the prevalence estimates in terms of available variables.ResultsData from 77 studies including 99,847 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM were included from 26 countries. The pooled prevalence of DR among patients with newly diagnosed T2DM was 13.1% (95% CI, 11.1%–15.1%; I2 = 97.0%). DR was higher in clinic‐based samples compared with community‐based samples (15.0%, 95% CI = 12.4%–17.8% vs. 11.5%, 95% CI = 8.9%–14.5%; p = 0.05; I2 = 97.0%) and was higher in countries in the WHO African 19.2% (95% CI, 14.6%–24.3%; I2 = 76.0%), South‐East Asia 15.4% (95% CI, 10.0%–21.6%; I2 = 79.1%), and European 15.0% (95% CI, 11.2%–19.2%; I2 = 82.0%) regions. A higher proportion of female patients was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of DR in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM. We observed that the prevalence of DR in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM has remained unchanged over time.ConclusionsGlobally, DR is a prevalent complication among patients with newly diagnosed T2DM indicating the importance of establishing effective strategies to promote regular screening for the early diagnosis of T2DM alongside routine ophthalmic assessment at the time of T2DM diagnosis to reduce the burden of vision‐threatening retinopathy.
Determination of the microbial community of traditional Mongolian cheese by using culture‐dependent and independent methods
Authors: Guo Liang , Xu Wei‐Liang , Li Chun‐Dong , Wang Fu‐Chao , Guo Yuan‐Sheng , Ya Mei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMongolian cheese is not only a requisite source of food for the nomadic Mongolian but also follows a unique Mongolian dairy artisanal method of production, possessing high nutritional value and long shelf‐life. In this study, the ancient technique for the production of Mongolian cheese was investigated. The nutritional value of Mongolian cheese was characterized by its high‐protein content (30.13 ± 2.99%) and low‐fat content (9.66 ± 3.36%). Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Dipodascus were the predominant bacterial and fungal genera, and Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactococcus piscium, and Dipodascus geotrichum were the predominant species in the Mongolian cheese. The microbiota of products from different cheese factories varies significantly. The high‐temperature (85°C–90°C) kneading of coagulated curds could eliminate most of the thermosensitive microorganisms for extending the shelf‐life of cheese. The indigenous spore‐forming microbes, which included yeasts, belonging to Pichia and Candida genera, and molds, belonging to Mucor and Penicillium genera, which originated from the surroundings during the process of cooling, drying, demolding, and vacuum packaging could survive and cause the package to swell and the cheese to grow mold. The investigation of production technology, nutrition, microbiota, and viable microbes related to shelf‐life contributes to the protection of traditional technologies, extraction of highlights (nutritional profiles and curd scalding) for merchandise marketing, and standardization of Mongolian cheese production, including culture starters and aseptic technique.
Attitudes and practices of health care providers towards improving adherence to smoking cessation medications in Australia: A descriptive study
Authors: Mersha Amanual Getnet , Eftekhari Parivash , Kennedy Michelle , Gould Gillian Sandra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIssue AddressedAdherence to smoking cessation medications is low and predicts the success of quit attempts. Health care providers (HCPs) role in delivering smoking cessation support is crucial. HCPs support to improve adherence to smoking cessation medication has not been evaluated in Australia. This study describes the attitudes and practices of HCPs in Australia towards adherence to smoking cessation medications (nicotine replacement therapies, varenicline and bupropion) and intervention options.MethodsA descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted using a convenience sample of 70 HCPs in Australia. Participants were recruited through the social media platforms of professional societies in Australia. Data was collected in the periods between November 2020 and September 2021. Descriptive statistics were performed using SPSS statistical software version 27.0 and data was presented using proportions and percentages.ResultsThe majority of participants were doctors, nurses and midwives (82.8%). Almost two‐thirds of the participants (68.6%) self‐reported that they provided adequate adherence support to individuals taking smoking cessation medications. The majority of participants (87.1%) identified adherence support service as part of their professional role. Only 11.1% of the participants who did not believe supporting medication adherence to be their role reported providing adherence support. The main perceived barriers to adherence support are lack of skill, knowledge, time and resources. HCPs believed that providing additional counselling and monitoring of adherence can improve adherence rates.ConclusionsIn an online survey conducted in Australia, HCPs indicated multiple barriers to providing adherence support and intervention strategies that should be considered for smoking cessation programs. A higher proportion of participants who perceived adherence support as their professional role reported supporting adherence to smoking cessation medications.So What?Considerations should be given to improve HCPs attitudes and practices towards smoking cessation medications adherence support. Smoking cessation programs should consider the issue of adherence support. Further studies with a larger sample size across a broader range of HCPs are needed to extensively understand adherence service provision among HCPs in Australia.