bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Report on Full-Scale Tests With Pinnate Propellers in a Swedish Navy Patrol Boat
Authors: Simonsson Peter 
Published: November 2022

The pinnate propeller is a programmable pitch propeller. It has an even number of blades, and the opposing blades are assembled in pairs on axles which pass through the hub. These axles, called pinnate axles, can be turned by a mechanism and give the blades a programmed pitch variation when the propeller rotates.
The principles of the pinnate propeller and results from model tests were presented in a paper at the Propellers 81 Symposium (1).
In October 1982 tests were begun with two pinnate propellers in a Swedish Navy patrol boat. In this paper the tests are described, and some of the main experience is presented.
* The tests confirm the technical feasibility of the concept.
* They show a remarkable reduction of the intermittent cavitation when a suitable pitch program is applied and a reduction of pressure pulses at the hull above 'the propellers.
* Despite the lower pressure pulses, the vertical acceleration in the hull above the propellers increased, whereas the transversal acceleration was diminished.
* The highest cavitation-free speed was increased.
Using search trends to analyze web-based users’ behavior profiles connected with COVID-19 in mainland China: infodemiology study based on hot words and Baidu Index
Authors: Jiang Shuai , You Changqiao , Zhang Sheng , Chen Fenglin , Peng Guo , Liu Jiajie , Xie Daolong , Li Yongliang , Guo Xinhong 
Published: November 2022

Background
Mainland China, the world’s most populous region, experienced a large-scale coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Existing infodemiology studies have primarily concentrated on the prospective surveillance of confirmed cases or symptoms which met the criterion for investigators; nevertheless, the actual impact regarding COVID-19 on the public and subsequent attitudes of different groups towards the COVID-19 epidemic were neglected.

Methods
This study aimed to examine the public web-based search trends and behavior patterns related to COVID-19 outbreaks in mainland China by using hot words and Baidu Index (BI). The initial hot words (the high-frequency words on the Internet) and the epidemic data (2019/12/01–2021/11/30) were mined from infodemiology platforms. The final hot words table was established by two-rounds of hot words screening and double-level hot words classification. Temporal distribution and demographic portraits of COVID-19 were queried by search trends service supplied from BI to perform the correlation analysis. Further, we used the parameter estimation to quantitatively forecast the geographical distribution of COVID-19 in the future.

Results
The final English-Chinese bilingual table was established including six domains and 32 subordinate hot words. According to the temporal distribution of domains and subordinate hot words in 2020 and 2021, the peaks of searching subordinate hot words and COVID-19 outbreak periods had significant temporal correlation and the subordinate hot words in COVID-19 Related and Territory domains were reliable for COVID-19 surveillance. Gender distribution results showed that Territory domain (the male proportion: 67.69%; standard deviation (SD): 5.88%) and Symptoms/Symptom and Public Health (the female proportion: 57.95%, 56.61%; SD: 0, 9.06%) domains were searched more by male and female groups respectively. The results of age distribution of hot words showed that people aged 20–50 (middle-aged people) had a higher online search intensity, and the group of 20–29, 30–39 years old focused more on Media and Symptoms/Symptom (proportion: 45.43%, 51.66%; SD: 15.37%, 16.59%) domains respectively. Finally, based on frequency rankings of searching hot words and confirmed cases in Mainland China, the epidemic situation of provinces and Chinese administrative divisions were divided into 5 levels of early-warning regions. Central, East and South China regions would be impacted again by the COVID-19 in the future.
A Study on Farmers Knowledge and Challenges with Direct Seeded Rice under the Rice-Wheat Cropping System in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Meena Kamlesh , Srivastava Rajneesh , Tiwari Ajay , Kumar Ajay , Singh Anup Pratap , Singh Neeraj , Behera T. K. 
Published: November 2022

Aim: To create awareness among the farmers about Direct seeded rice (DSR) which is resource-intensive technology to create a substitute of rice planting in Rice wheat cropping system.
Study Design: Survey method.
Place and Duration of Study: Krishi Vigyan Kendra (ICAR-IIVR) conducted training programs on dry-direct seeded of rice amongst the farming community in Deoria District, Uttar Pradesh, from Kharif 2010 to 2019.
Methodology: The study area of this new technology was undertaken by using a comprehensive questionnaire through a field survey of farmers who had adopted DSR during 2010 to 2019 in five blocks viz. Bhatparrani, Bhatni, Bankata, Salempur and Lar. Five villages were selected from each block and 6 dry-direct seeded of rice practicing farmers were selected purposively for this study.
Results: The research found that the majority of the respondents agreed that the potential advantages of direct seeded of rice technology must include cost savings (97.33 percent) followed by 96 percent of respondents are agreed that no need of puddling in direct seeded of rice technology followed by no need of seed bed preparation (94.66 percent) and 94 percent respondents are agreed with direct seeded of rice being a water wise technology, provides the solution, direct seeded of rice saves labor as it avoids nursery raising, uprooting seedlings, transplanting, and puddling (92 percent); 91.33 percent of respondents agreed that the total variable costs of rice were lower in direct seeded of rice (DSR) than in puddled transplanted rice (PTR). The main technical challenges most respondents experienced weed management is major problem 93.33 percent, Non availability of the quality seed and drill machine for direct sowing of rice (89.33 percent). The most effective training and educational barriers were a Lack of communication between the farming communities by the mass media agencies (82 percent), lack of awareness of the farming community regarding calibration of direct seeded of rice machine (74.66 percent). Lack of the cooperation between fellow farming community to share their experiences on direct seeded of rice (88 percent), community pressure (72.66 percent), higher cost of seed drill machine (79.33 percent) and Lack of awareness of farmer about minor adjustments of machine (85.33 percent) were also mentioned as significant constraints under the categories of socio-psychological economic and extension, respectively.
Conclusion: Direct seeded of rice is a desirable choice when the future of rice production is in jeopardy due to worldwide water constraint and rising labour costs.
Dosimetric potential of knowledge‐based planning model trained with HyperArc plans for brain metastases
Authors: Sagawa Tomohiro , Ueda Yoshihiro , Tsuru Haruhi , Kamima Tatsuya , Ohira Shingo , Tamura Mikoto , Miyazaki Masayoshi , Monzen Hajime , Konishi Koji 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveDosimetric potential of knowledge‐based RapidPlan planning model trained with HyperArc plans (Model‐HA) for brain metastases has not been reported. We developed a Model‐HA and compared its performance with that of clinical volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans.MethodsFrom 67 clinical stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) HyperArc plans for brain metastases, 47 plans were used to build and train a Model‐HA. The other 20 clinical HyperArc plans were recalculated in RapidPlan system with Model‐HA. The model performance was validated with the 20 plans by comparing dosimetric parameters for normal brain tissue between clinical plans and model‐generated plans. The 20 clinical conventional VMAT‐based SRS or stereotactic radiotherapy plans (CL‐VMAT) were reoptimized with Model‐HA (RP) and HyperArc system (HA), respectively. The dosimetric parameters were compared among three plans (CL‐VMAT vs. RP vs. HA) in terms of planning target volume (PTV), normal brain excluding PTVs (Brain − PTV), brainstem, chiasm, and both optic nerves.ResultsIn model validation, the optimization performance of Model‐HA was comparable to that of HyperArc system. In comparison to CL‐VMAT, there were no significant differences among three plans with respect to PTV coverage (p > 0.17) and maximum dose for brainstem, chiasm, and optic nerves (p > 0.40). RP provided significantly lower V20 Gy, V12 Gy, and V4 Gy for Brain − PTV than CL‐VMAT (p < 0.01).ConclusionThe Model‐HA has the potential to significantly reduce the normal brain dose of the original VMAT plans for brain metastases.
Gradient Conduction Band Energy Engineering Driven High‐Efficiency Solution‐Processed Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4/ZnxCd1–x S Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Zhen , Gao Qianqian , Cui Changcheng , Yuan Shengjie , Kou Dongxing , Zhou Zhengji , Zhou Wenhui , Meng Yuena , Qi Yafang , Ishaq Muhammad , Shah Usman Ali , Wu Sixin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe photovoltaic performance of the environmentally friendly Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells is lower than its predecessor Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells. Severe carrier recombination at the CZTSSe/CdS interface is one major reason that results in a large open‐circuit voltage loss. Doping zinc into CdS is a feasible strategy to modifying the CdS buffer layer film, but the present methods are not satisfactory. In this study, novel zinc incorporation strategy is developed to deposit a gradient composition ternary ZnxCd1–xS buffer layer for optimizing the heterojunction interface. The application of gradient composition ZnxCd1–xS buffer layer constructs a gradient conduction band energy configuration in the CZTSSe/buffer layer interface, which highly reduces the interface recombination. The suppressed interface recombination contributes to the enhanced open circuit voltage and device performance. Consequently, the CZTSSe solar cell based on gradient composition ZnxCd1–xS buffer layers achieves champion efficiency of 12.35% with VOC of 504.81 mV, JSC of 36.90 mA cm−2, and FF of 66.28%. It is worth noting that flammable and the toxic hydrazine solvent are replaced by the safe and low‐toxic 2‐methoxyethanol, making it more promising for the future commercialization of CZTSSe solar cells.
Flexible Liquid‐Based Continuous Direct‐Current Tribovoltaic Generators Enable Self‐Powered Multi‐Modal Sensing
Authors: Huang Youchao , Liu Dexing , Gao Xinyu , Zhu Jiahao , Zhang Yiming , Zhang Min 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFlexible tribovoltaic direct‐current (DC) generators are urgently expected by wearable applications. Traditional rigid contact‐separation type tribovoltaic DC generators normally have non‐ignorable friction loss and cannot sustain outstanding outputs. This hinders their serviceability in continuous motion scenarios. Here, flexible liquid‐based DC generators (FLGs) with metal‐liquid‐semiconductor indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) stack structures are reported. The FLG with Pt/H2O/IGZO structure delivers a peak short‐circuit current density up to 2.3 µA cm−2, a peak open‐circuit voltage up to 620 mV, and a power density up to 0.1 µW cm−2. The differences in the properties of different liquid–solid interfaces are studied by density functional theory, showing that the bond formation, charge‐transfer‐induced dipole electric field at the solid‐liquid interface, and the built‐in electric field are responsible for the generation and separation of electron‐hole pairs to form continuous DC. The proposed FLG can keep excellent performance even after >5 × 104 shaking cycles or exposing to ambient conditions for 30 days, showing extraordinary stability. Besides charging capacitors or driving LEDs, the FLG is further demonstrated to work for self‐powered multifunctional sensing, enabling pressure, position‐posture, or temperature detections. This design offers potential solutions and novel possibilities for next‐generation self‐powered wearable electronics.
Improved Performance of Biohybrid Muscle‐Based Bio‐Bots Doped with Piezoelectric Boron Nitride Nanotubes
Authors: Mestre Rafael , Fuentes Judith , Lefaix Laura , Wang Jiaojiao , Guix Maria , Murillo Gonzalo , Bashir Rashid , Sánchez Samuel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBiohybrid robots, or bio‐bots, integrate living and synthetic materials following a synergistic strategy to acquire some of the unique properties of biological organisms, like adaptability or bio‐sensing, which are difficult to obtain exclusively using artificial materials. Skeletal muscle is one of the preferred candidates to power bio‐bots, enabling a wide variety of movements from walking to swimming. Conductive nanocomposites, like gold nanoparticles or graphene, can provide benefits to muscle cells by improving the scaffolds’ mechanical and conductive properties. Here, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs), with piezoelectric properties, are integrated in muscle‐based bio‐bots and an improvement in their force output and motion speed is demonstrated. A full characterization of the BNNTs is provided, and their piezoelectric behavior with piezometer and dynamometer measurements is confirmed. It is hypothesized that the improved performance is a result of an electric field generated by the nanocomposites due to stresses produced by the cells during differentiation. This hypothesis is backed with finite element simulations supporting that this stress can generate a non‐zero electric field within the matrix. With this work, it is shown that the integration of nanocomposite into muscle‐based bio‐bots can improve their performance, paving the way toward stronger and faster bio‐hybrid robots.
Visible Light‐Enhanced C−H Amination of Cyclic Ethers with Iminoiodinanes
Authors: Jurberg Igor D. , Nome Rene A. , Crespi Stefano , Atvars Teresa D. Z. , König Burkhard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA two‐step protocol allowing the C−H amination of cyclic ethers with iminoiodinanes, followed by the reduction of the resulting intermediate has been developed for the preparation of amino alcohols. The initial C−H functionalization is accelerated by visible light, improving the reactivity compared to the thermal process performed in the dark. The effect of different substituents on the photochemical reactivity of iminoiodinanes has been studied both experimentally and computationally. Photophysical measurements and DFT calculations were performed to better understand the observed reactivities and corroborate the proposed mechanistic proposal.magnified image
From Unit to Dose: A Machine Learning Approach for Precise Prediction of Hemoglobin and Iron Content in Individual Packed Red Blood Cell Units
Authors: Epah Jeremy , Gülec Ilay , Winter Stefan , Dörr Johanna , Geisen Christof , Haecker Eva , Link Dietmar , Schwab Matthias , Seifried Erhard , Schäfer Richard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTransfusion of packed red blood cells (pRBCs) saves lives, but iron overload limits survival of chronically transfused patients. Quality control methods, which involve entering pRBC units and removing them from the blood supply, reveal that hemoglobin (38.5–79.9 g) and heme iron (133.42–276.89 mg) vary substantially between pRBCs. Yet, neither hemoglobin nor iron content can be quantified for individual clinically used pRBCs leading to rules of thumb for pRBC transfusions. Keeping their integrity, the authors seek to predict hemoglobin/iron content of any given pRBC unit applying eight machine learning models on 6,058 pRBCs. Based on thirteen features routinely collected during blood donation, production and quality control testing, the model with best trade‐off between performance and complexity in hemoglobin/iron content prediction is identified. Validation of this model in an independent cohort of 2637 pRBCs confirms an adjusted R2 > 0.9 corresponding to a mean absolute prediction error of ≤1.43 g hemoglobin/4.96 mg iron (associated standard deviation: ≤1.13 g hemoglobin/3.92 mg iron). Such unprecedented precise prediction enables reliable pRBC dosing per pharmaceutically active agent, and monitoring iron uptake in patients and individual iron loss in donors. The model is implemented in a free open source web application to facilitate clinical application.
A generic approach yields organic solar cells with enhanced efficiency and thermal stability
Authors: Gao Mengyuan , Zhang Kai , He Chunyong , Jiang Hanqiu , Li Xiong , Qi Qingchun , Zhou Kangkang , Chen Yu , Zhao Wenchao , Ye Long 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe use of deuterium are critical for promoting the fundamental understanding of aggregate materials and their new functions. Particularly, the solution structure of conjugated polymers can be hardly resolved without deuteration. However, studies about the isotopic effects of casting solvents on the aggregated structures of photovoltaic polymers and their bulk‐heterojunction blends are deficient. Here, the impact of deuterated solvents on the thermal behavior, aggregated structures, and device performance of photovoltaic polymers is clearly delineated for the first time by multiple techniques. The enhanced π‐π stacking order of photovoltaic polymers is highly relevant to their relatively poor miscibility with deuterated solvents. Benefiting from higher crystallinity and optimized morphology of deuterated solvents processed films, the devices are able to achieve better efficiency and notable improvement in thermal stability. Our results highlight the isotopic effects of solvents on the aggregated structure of conjugated polymer systems and reveal the potential of innovative approaches to fabricate thermally stable high‐efficiency solar cells.
Selection in utero against male twins in the United States early in the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Bruckner Tim A. , Bustos Brenda , Margerison Claire , Gemmill Alison , Casey Joan , Catalano Ralph 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe aim to contribute to the literature reporting tests of selection in utero. The theory of reproductive suppression predicts that natural selection would conserve mechanisms, referred to collectively as selection in utero, that spontaneously abort fetuses unlikely to thrive as infants in the prevailing environment. Tests of this prediction include reports that women give birth to fewer than expected male twins, historically among the frailest of infants, during stressful times. The onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States in Spring 2020 demonstrably stressed the population. We test the hypothesis that conception cohorts in gestation at the onset of the pandemic in the United States yielded fewer than expected live male twin births.MethodsWe retrieved deidentified data on the universe of live births in the United States from the National Center for Health Statistics birth certificate records. We applied Box‐Jenkins time‐series methods to the twin secondary sex ratio computed for 77 monthly conception cohorts spanning August 2013 to December 2019 to detect outlying cohorts in gestation at the onset of the pandemic.ResultsThe twin secondary sex ratio fell below expected values in three conception cohorts (i.e., July, September, and October 2019, all p < .05) exposed in utero to the onset of the pandemic.ConclusionsOur results add to prior findings consistent with selection in utero. The role of selection in utero in shaping the characteristics of live births cohorts, especially during the COVID‐19 pandemic, warrants further scrutiny.
A Polyfluoroalkyl‐Containing Non‐fullerene Acceptor Enables Self‐Stratification in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Shihao , Hong Ling , Dong Minghao , Deng Wanyuan , Shao Lin , Bai Yuanqing , Zhang Kai , Liu Chunchen , Wu Hongbin , Huang Fei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe elaborate control of the vertical phase distribution within an active layer is critical to ensuring the high performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), but is challenging. Herein, a self‐stratification active layer is realised by adding a novel polyfluoroalkyl‐containing non‐fullerene small‐molecule acceptor (NFSMA), EH‐C8F17, as the guest into PM6:BTP‐eC9 blend. A favourable vertical morphology was obtained with an upper acceptor‐enriched thin layer and a lower undisturbed bulk heterojunction layer. Consequently, a power conversion efficiency of 18.03 % was achieved, higher than the efficiency of 17.40 % for the device without EH‐C8F17. Additionally, benefiting from the improved charge transport and collection realised by this self‐stratification strategy, the OSC with a thickness of 350 nm had an impressive PCE of 16.89 %. The results of the study indicate that polyfluoroalkyl‐containing NFSMA‐assisted self‐stratification within the active layer is effective for realising an ideal morphology for high‐performance OSCs.
Catalytically Stable Potassium Single‐Atom Solid Superbases
Authors: Peng Song‐Song , Shao Xiang‐Bin , Gu Meng‐Xuan , Zhang Guo‐Song , Gu Chen , Nian Yao , Jia Yiming , Han You , Liu Xiao‐Qin , Sun Lin‐Bing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSolid superbases can catalyze diverse reactions under mild conditions, while they suffer from aggregation of basic sites and poor stability during recycling. Here we report a new generation of solid superbases derived from K single atoms (SAs) prepared by a tandem redox strategy. The initial redox reaction takes place between base precursor KNO3 and graphene support, producing K2O at 400 °C. Further increasing the temperature to 800 °C, the graphene reduces K2O to K anchored by its vacancies, leading to the generation of K SAs (denoted as K1/G). The source of basicity in the K1/G is K SAs, and neighboring single atoms (NSAs) possess superbasicity, which is different from conventional basicity originated from oxygen and nitrogen atoms. Due to the superbasicity as well as high dispersion and anchoring of basic sites, the K1/G shows excellent catalytic activity and stability in transesterification reaction, which is much superior to the reported catalysts.
A Low‐Concentration Electrolyte for High‐Voltage Lithium‐Metal Batteries: Fluorinated Solvation Shell and Low Salt Concentration Effect
Authors: Deng Rongyu , Chu Fulu , Kwofie Felix , Guan Zengqiang , Chen Jieshuangyang , Wu Feixiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConcentration of electrolyte has significant effects on performances of rechargeable batteries. Previous studies mainly focused on concentrated electrolytes. So far, only several recipes on low‐concentration electrolytes were studied, performing enhanced performance in advanced rechargeable batteries. Here, based on common electrolyte components, a low‐concentration electrolyte composed of 0.2 M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) solvated in fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) is employed for high‐voltage Li metal battery. The synergistic working mechanisms of introducing fluorine‐containing solvent in the solvated structure and low salt concentration effect are revealed, resulting in LiF‐rich, uniform, and robust solid electrolyte interphase layer and fewer unfavorable decomposition products. As a result, this low‐concentration electrolyte significantly enhances electrochemical performances of Li||Li symmetric cells and high‐voltage LiCoO2||Li batteries.