bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a pyrano[2,3-b]pyridine derivative YX-2102 as a cannabinoid receptor 2 agonist for alleviating lung fibrosis
Authors: Liu Tao , Gu Jing , Yuan Yi , Yang Qunfang , Zheng Peng-Fei , Shan Changyu , Wang Fangqin , Li Hongwei , Xie Xiang-Qun , Chen Xiao-Hong , Ouyang Qin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Pharmacological modulation of cannabinoid 2 receptor (CB2R) is a promising therapeutic strategy for pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Thus, to develop CB2R selective ligands with new chemical space has attracted much research interests. This work aims to discover a novel CB2R agonist from an in-house library, and to evaluate its therapeutic effects on PF model, as well as to disclose the pharmacological mechanism.
Methods
Virtual screening was used to identify the candidate ligand for CB2R from a newly established in-house library. Both in vivo experiments on PF rat model and in vitro experiments on cells were performed to investigate the therapeutic effects of the lead compound and underlying mechanism.
Results
A “natural product-like” pyrano[2,3-b]pyridine derivative, YX-2102 was identified that bound to CB2R with high affinity. Intraperitoneal YX-2102 injections significantly ameliorated lung injury, inflammation and fibrosis in a rat model of PF induced by BLM. YX-2102 significantly upregulated CB2R expression in alveolar epithelial cells in vivo. Moreover, YX-2102 pretreatment inhibited lung alveolar epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro (and PF model induced by TGF-β1) via a CB2 receptor-dependent pathway. Further studies suggested that the Nrf2-Smad7 pathway might be involved in.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that CB2R is a potential target for PF treatment and YX-2102 is a promising CB2R agonist with new chemical space.
Oral and maxillofacial injuries associated with e-scooter use at Broomfield Hospital: a cohort study of 24 months of data since e-scooter legalisation in the UK
Authors: Jones Kate , Parkin James , Rathod Neelam , Bhatt Vyomesh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Rental electronic-scooters (e-scooters) were legalised in July 2020 in the UK for use on public roads. This has led to higher numbers of emergency department (ED) attendances for head and neck injuries managed by the oral and maxillofacial surgical (OMFS) department.The aim of this research is to assess the increase in e-scooter injuries requiring OMFS input, and analyse factors and management associated.Data was collected retrospectively over an 18-month period (July 2020 to December 2021) and prospectively for a 6-month period (January 2022 to June 2022). A total of 212 e-scooter related ED presentations were recorded with 34 patients requiring input from the OMFS department.Basic descriptive analysis was performed for the 34 patients referred to OMFS. Numerical and categorical factors used independent T-tests and one-way ANOVA tests respectively to determine statistical significance at the 5% confidence level (p<0.05).The mean age was 32.8 years (SD =15.9) in a predominately male cohort (79.4%). Alcohol intoxication was observed in 55.8% of accidents. Injuries were most common on Saturdays (41.2%). Soft tissue injuries were present in 64.7% of patients, bony injuries 38.2% of patients and dental injuries 11.8% of patients. Imaging was required for 76.5% of patients. 44% of patients required surgical treatment, 5.9% major surgery and 38.2% minor surgery. This research supports the literature suggesting significant growth in e-scooter related injuries and their associated burden of disease managed by the OMFS department. We have found that alcohol increases the risk of complex e-scooter injury, as measured by dual speciality involvement. We recommend for public health bodies to direct spending on educating patients on the dangers of alcohol and e-scooter use. We suggest a multicentre study to build on the literature and determine other factors associated with e-scooter injury.
Surface corrosion inhibition effect and action mechanism analysis of 5-methyl-benzotriazole on cobalt-based copper film chemical mechanical polishing for GLSI
Authors: Yan Han , Niu Xinhuan , Luo Fu , Qu Minghui , Wang Jing , Zhan Ni , Liu Jianghao , Zou Yida 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
With integrated circuit (IC) technology nodes below 20 nm, the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of cobalt (Co)-based copper (Cu) interconnection has been gradually changed to one-step polishing, which requires rapid removal rate (RR) of Cu while controlling the height differences of concave and convex areas on the Cu surface, and finally achieving global planarization. Co as the barrier material is also required a lower RR to ensure a high Cu/Co removal rate selection ratio. Therefore, choosing the appropriate inhibitor in the slurry is extremely important. The corrosion inhibitor 5-methyl-benzotriazole (TTA) was thoroughly examined in this study for its ability to prevent corrosion on Cu film as well as its mode of action. The experimental results showed that TTA can effectively inhibit the removal of Cu under both dynamic and static conditions, which was also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) tests. The corrosion inhibition effect and mechanism of TTA was further revealed by open circuit potential (OCP), polarization curve, adsorption isotherm, quantum chemical calculation, UV-Visible and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) tests. It was found that TTA can inhibit the corrosion of Cu by physical and chemical adsorption on the Cu surface, which is conductive to obtain excellent planarization properties. At the same time, it was also found TTA can also inhibit the corrosion of Co by forming Co-TTA and promoting the conversion of Co(OH)2 to Co3O4, and a Cu/Co removal rate selection ratio of 104 was obtained, which provides a suitable corrosion inhibitor for the polishing of Co-based Cu interconnection CMP and has a broad application prospect.
Adherence to Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Rosso Roberta , D'Alonzo Marta , Bounous Valentina Elisabetta , Actis Silvia , Salerno Elena , Nicoletta Biglia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background.
Adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) significantly reduces breast cancer recurrence and mortality in women with hormone receptor positive tumors, but poor adherence to treatment remains a significant problem. The aim of this study is to analyze AET side effects, their impact on adherence to treatment and possible support strategies.
Methods.
The study included 373 breast cancer patients treated with AET, who were asked to fill out a specific questionnaire during their follow up visits at the Breast Unit of "Mauriziano Umberto I” Hospital.
Results.
Side effects were reported by 82% of patients, 81% of those taking tamoxifen and 67.5% of those taking aromatase inhibitors (AI). The most common side effect in tamoxifen group were hot flashes (52%), while it was arthralgia in AI group (60%). The addition of GnRH agonist to both tamoxifen and AI significantly worsened menopausal symptoms and premenopausal women were significantly more likely to report side effects than those who were menopausal at diagnosis. Globally, 21% of patients considered to discontinue therapy due to side effects, 8.2% reported an irregular assumption and 12% definitively discontinued the treatment. The discontinuation rate was 6.4% during the first 5 years of treatment and 24% during extended therapy. Arthralgia was the main side effect which led patients to discontinue AET. Most patients felt well supported during follow up visits, but only 9% used the dedicated menopause service and 15% received psychological support.
Conclusions.
AET side effects significantly affect the quality of life of breast cancer survivors leading to irregular assumption and discontinuation of therapy, but our study showed that adherence to AET may be improved by proper patient-physician communication and a good quality care network. The challenge is to be more aware of treatment-related side effects and to offer therapies to improve their tolerance and adequate medical and psychological support.
Chemotherapy for mesothelioma: a qualitative exploration of patient, caregiver and health professionals’ perceptions of treatment and what influences access
Authors: Dhillon Haryana M , Warby Anne , Kao Steven , Vardy Janette L 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Guidelines for management of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) suggest optimal chemotherapy utilisation rate is around 65%. Internationally, chemotherapy utilisation rates range from 16-61%; reasons for under-utilisation are unknown. We aimed to explore patient, caregiver and health professionals’ perceptions of chemotherapy treatment for MPM, and potential barriers and facilitators to accessing treatment.Methods: A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was conducted with people with MPM, caregivers, and health professionals. Thematic analysis was performed.Results: Overall 71 interviews were conducted: 16 MPM patients, 14 caregivers, 30 medical specialists and 11 lung cancer nurses. All patient respondents, and most cared for by caregivers, had received active intervention for MPM. Health professionals’ responses to estimated 11% chemotherapy under-utilisation rate varied. Four overarching topic areas for patients and three for health care professionals (HCP) pertaining to diagnosis, treatment, decision-making, and coping with disease were identified. Within decision-making three subthemes were extracted: the decision-making process, influences on decision-making, and response to decision outcomes. Barriers to accessing chemotherapy included: nihilistic views regarding chemotherapy; patient frailty; lack of multi-disciplinary team meeting (MDTM) involvement; and, low volume MPM centres. Conclusion: Nihilism across all groups was a major barrier to accessing evidence-based care for MPM. Reasons for lower than expected chemotherapy utilisation in people with MPM are multifaceted and complex. These results informed the development of quantitative surveys to further investigate chemotherapy use in MPM populations.
Comparison between Invasive and Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Function in Healthy participants
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Mutailipu Kelibinuer , Zhou Yiwu , Zhao Song , Ding Sixiao , Tang Jiamin , Zheng Yixing , Xu Yawei , Chi Chen , Zhang Yi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives Accurate assessment of LV function is of great importance but still challenging. Despite the invasive measure is the gold standard, non-invasive ultrasound is widely used due to its convenience. We aimed to compare the accuracy of several methods assessing LV function in echocardiography.Methods 49 healthy participants who underwent transthoracic echocardiography and catheterization simultaneously were included. Invasive LVEF and LVFP were measured with Sandler-Dodge method. Non-invasive LV systolic function was measured with both the M-mode method and the modified Simpson method. Parameters related to LV diastolic function in echocardiography including E/A, E/e′, tricuspid regurgitation velocity, left atrial volume index, etc., were measured.Results Correlations between invasive and non-invasive LVESV, LVEDV, and LVEF were not significant ((P=0.07 and P=0.97, P=0.17 and P=0.74, P=0.64 and P=0.52). Compared to invasive measurements, the modified Simpson method overestimated the LV end-systolic volume (P=0.001), and M-mode method overestimated the LV end-diastolic volume (P=0.047). Both of these two methods underestimated the LVEF (P=0.027 and P<0.001). Invasive left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was elevated in 23 of the 49 patients (47%). Compared to participants with normal LVEDP, participants with elevated LVEDP (>16mmHg) had higher A peak velocity (P=0.009) and lower E/A ratio (P=0.001). Multiple linear regression showed that, among all parameters related to LV diastolic function, only E/A significantly associated with LVEDP after adjustment (P=0.006). We further compared the sensitivity and specificity of E/A ,E/e’ and the method recommended by 2016 ASE/EACVI guideline in identifying LV diastolic dysfunction. E/A was with both higher sensitivity and higher specificity in the detection of LVEDP elevation. Conclusions Both the Simpson method and the M-mode method underestimate the LVEF. In terms of LV diastolic function assessment, E/A ratio is better associated with invasively-measured LVEDP compared to other conventional parameters.
Bioinformatics and Metabolic flux analysis highlight a new mechanism involved in lactate oxidation in Clostridium tyrobutyricum
Authors: Munier Edouard , Licandro Hélène , Beuvier Eric , Cachon Rémy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
One of todays’ scientific challenge due to climate change and environmental issues is to find alternatives to the production of molecules of interest from petrochemistry. This study focuses on the understanding of the production of butyrate, hydrogen and CO2 from the oxidation of lactate with acetate in C. tyrobutyricum and thus propose an alternative carbon source to glucose. This species is known to produce more butyrate than the other butyrate-producing Clostridium species due to a lack of solventgenesis phase. The recent discoveries of flavin-based electron bifurcation mechanism as a mode of energy conservation have allowed us to propose a new metabolic scheme for the formation of butyrate from lactate-acetate co-metabolism.
Results
The search for genes encoding for EtfAB complexes and neighboring genes in the genome of C. tyrobutyricum identified a cluster of genes involved in butyrate formation and another cluster involved in lactate oxidation homologous to Acetobacterium woodii. A phylogenetic approach with other butyrate-producing and/or lactate-oxidizing species based on EtfAB complexes confirms these results with A. woodii and Clostridium kluyveri as references. A metabolic scheme on the production of butyrate, hydrogens and CO2 from the lactate-acetate co-metabolism in C. tyrobutyricum has been constructed. From data of steady-state continuous culture, an in silico metabolic carbon flux analysis model was built and made it possible to show the coherence of the scheme from the carbon recovery, the cofactor ratio and the ATP yield.
Conclusions
Bioinformatics analyzes have highlighted the use of flavin-based electron bifurcation. A metabolic scheme on the conversion of lactate and acetate has been proposed in C. tyrobutyricum, involving electron-transferring flavoprotein (Etf) complexes specific to the butyrate production and the lactate oxidation. The carbon metabolic fluxes analysis has validated this scheme involving the EtfAB complex at the origin of the oxidation of lactate in C. tyrobutyricum. This study contributes significantly to our understanding of the lactate oxidation metabolic pathways, the utility of the presence of acetate and the role of intracellular redox balance, and opens new perspectives for the production of molecules of interest as butyrate and hydrogen with C. tyrobutyricum.
QTL detection and fine mapping of qCTB1 for cold tolerance at the early seedling and booting stages in rice
Authors: Guo Haifeng , Guo Yongmei , Zeng Yawen , Khan Najeeb Ullah , Lou Qijin , Gu Yunsong , Li Jin , Li Huahui , Wu Zhigang , Zhang Zhanying , Zhang Hongliang , Peng Youliang , Yuan Pingrong , Li Jinjie , Li Zichao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Key message QTLs for cold tolerance at the early seedling and booting stages were identified and qCTB1 was delimited to a 342-kb interval, and the breeding potential of QTL pyramiding was assessed.
Abstract Cold stress is one of the main abiotic stresses that affects rice growth and production worldwide. Dissection of the genetic basis is important for genetic improvement of cold tolerance in rice. In this study, a new source of cold-tolerant accession from the Yunnan plateau, Lijiangxiaoheigu, was used as the donor parent and crossed with a cold-sensitive cultivar Deyou17, to develop 130 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. In total, three QTLs for cold tolerance at the early seedling stage on chromosomes 2 and 7, and four QTLs at the booting stage on chromosomes 1, 3, 5, and 7 were identified. Under the cold stress conditions in deep water and in a high-altitude area, qCTB1 , a locus for cold tolerance at the booting stage, was fine mapped to a 342-kb interval between markers M3 and M4. Effect assessment in the RIL and BC 3 F 3 populations demonstrated that qCTB1 showed a stable effect in the genetic segregation populations. Haplotype and linear regression analyses showed that QTL pyramiding based on the additive effect of favorable loci possesses good potential for cold tolerance breeding. This study will provide genetic resources for molecular breeding and gene cloning of cold tolerance in rice.
Plasma Exosome-Derived MicroRNAs Panel: A Novel Predictor of Liver Injury in Cholecystitis Patients
Authors: Wu Zixin , Hou Mei , Peng Hui , Jin Yong , Tian Wenhao , Zhuang Xingjin , Zhang Qi , Zhang Liangliang , Xing Xuewei , Yu Qingsheng , Feng Qiyu , Tao Qianqian , Wang Hong-Yang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Impaired liver function is one of the complications of acute cholecystitis, and improper treatment can lead to acute liver failure and even death. Therefore, timely evaluation of liver function provides a reliable basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. However, no biomarkers have been identified to predict liver injury in patients with cholecystitis.
Deep sequencing was used to analyze microRNA expression profiles in plasma exosomes from cholecystitis patients. Sequencing results were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR).
The findings demonstrated that biomarker panels consisting of multiple exosome-derived miRNAs improved the sensitivity of cholecystitis prediction. Further analysis revealed that hsa-miR-4440 and hsa-miR-6808-5p could specifically suggest the risk of early liver injury in patients with cholecystitis, with AUROCs of 0.895(95% CI: 0.764 to 1.025) and 0.804(95% CI: 0.6495 to 0.9589) respectively. Additionally, our GWAS analysis based on the results published by the FinnGen Biobank found that ALT was limitedly associated with cholecystitis, demonstrating the importance of our research into novel predictive biomarkers of early liver injury.
Biomarker panels composed of multiple exosome-derived miRNAs could accurately predict cholecystitis. Furthermore, hsa-miR-4440 and hsa-miR-6808-5p could serve as early predictors of liver injury in patients with cholecystitis, thereby aiding in the selection of clinical treatment modalities.
Ferroelectric Properties Study of Si 0.5 Sn 0.5 ZnO 3 Thin Films Deposited by PLD Technique
Authors: Ali Ahmed I. , Basaty A. B. El , Abbas W. , Ahmed M. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Si0.5Sn0.5ZnO3 thin films deposited on two different substrates (STO) and (MgO) using pulsed laser deposition technique. The current study aims to explore both effects of Si-doped in SnZnO3 and the rule of the SrTiO3 (STO) buffer layer in the adjustment of the ferroelectricity of the grown samples. Structure, morphology, uniformity, thickness, and the crack-free film growth are confirmed using X-Ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both resistivity and carriers’s mobility of Si0.5Sn0.5ZnO3 film’s values are 3.22×103, 7.35×107 Ω−1.m− 1 (semiconductor) and 4.31×103, 63.1 m/(V⋅s) (insulator) on MgO and STO substrates, respectively. The P-E loops show Lossy capacitor response and Non-linear ferroelectric response for MgO, and STO substrates, respectively. Furthermore, the ferroelectricity parameters of the Si0.5Sn0.5ZnO3 films deposited on the SrTiO3 layer are improved orders of magnitude compared to the thin film on the MgO substrate to be suitable for Ferroelectric RAM applications.
Subtotal gastrectomy pancreaticoduodenectomy versus conventional pancreaticoduodenectomy in the incidence of delayed gastric emptying: single-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Jinzhu , Li Shu , Zhu Weihua , Leng Xisheng , Gao Jie , Zhang Dafang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) is one of the most common complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). There is currently no widely accepted procedure for PD to reduce the incidence of DGE. Our institution attempts to perform subtotal gastrectomy in patients undergoing PD to reduce DGE. Here we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of PD with subtotal gastric resection. METHODS: Patients who underwent PD between January 2014 and December 2021 were reviewed. They were stratified by extent of gastrectomy into a conventional PD group (PD that resected approximately 1/3 of the distal stomach) and a subtotal gastrectomy PD group (PD that resected approximately 3/4 of the distal stomach), which were compared in terms of intraoperative and postoperative parameters. Result: From January 2014 to December 2021, a total of 512 patients underwent PD in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital. Nineteen patients were excluded from this study due to benign disease. A total of 493 patients were included, with 378 in the conventional PD group and 115 in the subtotal gastrectomy PD group. Compared with the conventional PD group, the subtotal gastrectomy PD group had a lower incidence of DGE (8.7% vs. 17.7%, p=0.019), and a shorter hospital stay. Multivariate analysis showed that conventional PD and higher body mass index were independent risk factors for grade B/C DGE. Conclusion: This study showed that, compared with conventional PD, subtotal gastrectomy PD can reduce the incidence of DGE and shorten the length of hospital stay. At the same time, subtotal gastrectomy PD is comparable to conventional PD in terms of surgical safety. Furthermore, high BMI is an independent risk factor for postoperative DGE.
Responses of subtropical deciduous and evergreen trees to varying intensities of herbivory
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , LeRoy Carri J. , Guo Yuan , Song Shuwang , Wu Jingfang , Wang Zhipei , Luan Fenggang , Song Qingni , Fang Xiong , Yang Qingpei , Liu Jun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
AimsGenerally, deciduous and evergreen trees coexist in subtropical forests, and both types of leaves are attacked by numerous insect herbivores. However, trees respond to and defend themselves from herbivores in different ways, and these responses may vary between evergreen and deciduous species. To understand tree responses to leaf herbivore attack under varying intensities of herbivory.MethodsWe examined both the percentage of leaf area removed by herbivores as well as the percentage of leaves attacked by herbivores to evaluate leaf herbivore damage across 15 subtropical deciduous and evergreen trees, quantified plant responses to varying intensities of herbivory and analyzed both leaf herbivore attack and leaf traits among species.ResultsWe have found that there was a higher intensity of herbivory on deciduous species than evergreen species, both as percentage of leaf area removed and the percentage of leaves attacked. In addition, leaf herbivory was positively correlated with defensive traits (concentrations of tannin and lignin), and negatively correlated with nutrient content (ratios of NSC:lignin and NSC:cellulose), which may be largely attributed to long-term and frequent insect herbivore stress and potentially evolutionary arms races between plants and insects.ConclusionsThis study highlights that leaf responses to varying intensities of herbivory differed widely among subtropical plant species and there was a stronger defensive response for deciduous trees to leaf herbivore attack than that of evergreen trees. These results have implications for better understanding plant responses and defenses to varying intensities of herbivory, and reveal several underlying relationships between leaf traits and herbivory.