bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Efficacy of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Prone Versus Supine Positions
Authors: Atef Homouda Abdallah , Elbahnasy Abdelhamid Mahmoud , Ahmed Omar Mohammed Adel 
Published: February 2022

Aims: To compare between supine and prone percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the management of renal stones regarding stone free rate, operative time and fluoroscopy time.
Methodology: A retrospective analysis was performed in the period between January 2019 and January 2021 for patients underwent PCNL for renal stones 2 cm or more. They were 77 patients divided into two groups, group (A) prone 38 patients and group (B) supine 39 patients.
Results: the study demonstrated a significant difference in operation time which was (92.5 ± 24.85 min.) in prone group & (68.3 ± 22.90 min.) in supine group with p-value (<0.001), also significant difference in fluoroscopy time which was (258.0 ± 57.19 sec.) in prone group & (166.9 ± 46.60 sec.) in supine group with p-value (<0.001) with shorter operation and fluoroscopy time in the supine than the prone. The study has also demonstrated that there is no statistically significant difference between the two groups as regarding to stone free rate.
Conclusion: in patients with renal stones, 2 cm or more, supine PCNL has proved to be superior to prone PCNL as regarding operative and fluoroscopy time but no difference as regards stone free rate. However, Urologists should be familiar with the differences in the positions and be able to use the method appropriate for each patient.
Anti- Diabetic and Cytotoxic Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesised Using Boerhaavia diffusa
Authors: Keerthana M. B. Sai , Arivarasu Lakshminarayanan , Kumar S. Rajesh , Thangavelu Lakshmi 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Nanotechnology is the art of manipulating matter in terms of nano scale. It mainly aims at combining nanotechnology with drugs to improve the ability of a specific target. These materials are produced at nanoscale level as it is safe to administer in the body. Boerhaavia diffusa is a flowering plant which is also known as Punarnava. It is a herbal medicine that is used for pain relief. It has been used primarily for its anti-diabetic and diuretic properties. Zinc oxide nanoparticles is one of the prominent metal oxide nanoparticles which is used in applications of many research projects and industries. The synthesis using plant sources is used for the production of ZnO NPs due to its environmental, economic, and medicinal benefits.
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the anti diabetic and cytotoxic effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesised using Boerhaavia diffusa.
Materials and Methods: Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesised using Boerhaavia diffusa extract and Anti- diabetic activity was carried out using alpha amylase inhibitory activity and cytotoxic activity was done by brine shrimp lethality assay.
Results: The percentage of lethality was found to be 60%, 70%, 70%, 90%, 90%, and 0% in the 5 microliters, 10microliters, 20 microliters, 40 microliters, 80 microliters and 100 microliters concentration levels. Alpha amylase inhibitory activity was performed which showed better results indicating anti diabetic and cytotoxic activity. In anti diabetic inhibitory activity the values were 40%, 50%, 75%, 80% and 82% in 10mg/mL, 20mg/mL, 30mg/mL, 40mg/mL, 50mg/mL respectively. Both anti diabetic and cytotoxic effects showed prominent inhibitory effects.
Conclusion: Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesised using Boerhaavia diffusa exhibited significant Anti -diabetic and cytotoxic activity in brine shrimp lethality assay showing emergence of a drug candidate for further research.
Prevalence of Clinically Missing Permanent Teeth Due to Agenesis and Secondary Factors among Patients between 8-17 Age Group Visiting a Private Dental Hospital - an Institutional Study
Authors: Padmaja S. , Ramani Pratibha , Reshma P. K. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Congenitally missing teeth or hypodontia is a condition where some of the adult teeth fail to develop. There have been theories involving genetic and environmental factors which lead to prevalence of permanent missing teeth. Missing teeth can affect the patients and cause many other problems such as malocclusion, periodontal damage, delay in bone growth, reduced mastication and unfavourable skeletal appearance. Thus having awareness about missing teeth and the eruption sequence dentists will be able to identify the missing teeth and correct the same.
Aim: The aim of this study is to analyse the prevalence of missing in the paediatric population between 8-17 years of age.
Materials and Methods: The data for the study n=4453 patients was collected by analysing the case sheets of patients who visited Saveetha Dental college from June 2019- February 2021.The collected data was analysed and subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS software by IBM of version 23.
Results: From the results of the study, missing teeth in the 8 to 10 age group was highest in the second quadrant at 27.27% with most common missing teeth being left maxillary lateral incisor 15.76%, in the 11-13 age group it was highest in the third quadrant at 32.39% with most common missing teeth being left mandibular lateral incisor 16.37% and in the 14 -17 age group it was highest in first quadrant at 40.87% with the most common missing teeth being right maxillary first premolar 15.08%. It is also observed that the most common cause of missing teeth in 8-10 age group is due to congenital absence at16.46%, in 11-13 age group due to trauma at 16.46% and in 14-17 age group due to caries at 18.90%.
Conclusion: Missing teeth is a very common dental anomaly encountered these days. From the present study it can be concluded that the most common cause of missing teeth was congenital absence of it. Larger community based studies should be conducted to estimate more precisely the causes for missing teeth. They are very important to be analysed so that they can prevent complications that can occur. In our study missing teeth is being analysed at an earlier age group of 8-17 reducing the chances of future complications.
Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Activity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Synthesised Using Mucuna pruriens
Authors: Aditya B. Sachin , Arivarasu Lakshminarayanan , Rajeshkumar S. , Thangavelu Lakshmi 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The genus Mucuna, belonging to the Fabaceae family, sub family Papilionaceae, includes approximately 150 species of annual and perennial legumes. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are manufactured worldwide in large quantities for use in a wide range of applications.Various studies have been done in this topic like determining the efficacies of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of aqueous leaf extract of Psidium guajava mediated biosynthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Other studies have suggested that Obtaining biopeptides by enzymatic hydrolysis adds value to proteins of vegetative origin, such as Mucuna pruriens L. Thus it evaluated the effect of enzymatic digestion of protein derivatives obtained from M. pruriens L. Although a lot of studies have been done on Titanium dioxide nanoparticles and its various activities like anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti diabetic, there are not many studies in the area of checking anti inflammatory and antioxidant activity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesised using Mucuna pruriens The aim of this study is to observe the antioxidant and anti inflammatory activity of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesised using Mucuna pruriens.
Materials and Methods: A titanium dioxide nanoparticle is synthesised using Mucuna pruriens, extract used to perform albumin denaturation assays and DPPH method, where % zone of inhibition increases as the concentration of nanoparticles increases.
Results: The Mucuna pruriens medicated titanium dioxide nanoparticle has positive antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Conclusion: The present study concluded that Mucuna pruriens mediated copper nanoparticle has good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity at its high concentration which is nearer to that of the standard drugs.
Correlation of Blood Sugar Levels and Chronic Periodontitis in Out-Patients Visiting a Dental Hospital
Authors: Naveenaa N. , Ramani Pratiba 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Periodontitis is the inflammation of the periodontium including periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. It is a multifactorial disease which is caused by the activity of microbial invasion followed by destruction of periodontal tissues. The major risk factor involved is smoking which increases the severity of the disease and other conditions like diabetes, immunocompromised state, medication and also genetic factors. Diabetes mellitus is a disorder which is characterized to have altered glucose or impaired lipid and carbohydrate mechanisms. Diabetes has been confirmed as a major risk factor for causing periodontitis.
Aim: To assess the correlation of blood sugar levels and chronic periodontitis in out-patients visiting a dental hospital.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among the outpatients of Saveetha dental college. The data was collected and analysed from a total number of 5,35,951 patients between June 2019 - February 2021 and the sample size was 65. The data was collected from DIAS (Dental Information Archiving Software) and statistically analysed using SPSS software.
Results: 52.3% of female population has chronic periodontitis where it was 47.7% in male population. From the age group of 21-30 years 20% of the chronic periodontitis individuals were diabetic, which was highest when compared to other age groups. The male population with 30.77% had diabetes and female population with 33.85% had diabetes.
Conclusion: Within the limitation of the study, there exists a positive correlation between increased blood sugar levels and chronic periodontitis. And the presence of increased blood sugar levels were seen in the age groups 61-70 years and more commonly seen in the female population. So people with poorly glycemic controls must be considered as a risk factor for periodontitis and people with diabetes must be informed of the risk factors.
Anti-proliferative Potential of Erythrina indica Leaf Aqueous Extract against Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Kumaran V. Thiru , Raghunandhakumar S. , Ezhilarasan D. , Lakshmi T. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Breast cancer is a type of cancer that arises in the cells of the breast. Breast cancer can develop in either the lobules or the ducts. Breast cancer might develop in the fatty tissue or fibrous connective tissue.
Materials and Methods: The effect of Erythrina indica (E.indica) on cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Briefly, the cells (1 × 105 cells/ml) were seeded in a 96 well microtiter plate with replications. Treatment was carried out for 24 with different concentrations (50-300 μg) of E.indica. The percentage of cell viability was calculated and plotted in graph. The cell morphological changes of E. indica leaf aqueous extract treated cells were observed under inverted phase contrast microscopy.
Results: The crude extract obtained from E.indica leaf greatly inhibits the cancer cell proliferation in dose dependent manner. We observed IC50 at 100 μg/ml of E. indica leaf aqueous extract treated for 24 hrs in breast cancer cells and also it induces apoptosis, which was confirmed by cell morphological changes evaluated using phase contrast microscope.
Conclusion: The results suggest that the E. indica leaf aqueous extract shows the potent anti-proliferative activity against breast cancer cells, and it might be a novel new anticancer drug for cancer therapy.
Anticariogenic Activity of Selenium Nanoparticles with Pterocarpus santa
Authors: Sabaritha A. , Arivarasu Lakshminarayanan , Kumar Rajesh , Thangavelu Lakshmi 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Nanoparticles (NPs) are used to minimise toxicity, increase bioactivity, improve targeting, and monitor the release profile of the encapsulated moiety in a variety of ways. Inorganic NPs such as Ag, Au, Ce, Fe, Se, Ti, and Zn hold a special position among NPs due to its versatile bioactivities in nanoforms.Selenium (Se) is an essential trace mineral.SeNPs have been studied in the treatment of oxidative stress and inflammation-related diseases such as arthritis, cancer, diabetes, and nephropathy.Medicinal plants have long been a valuable source of natural active constituents that have been used in products for preserving human health. Pterocarpus santalinus (Fabaceae) has been used as a folk medicine and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti- ulcer, and anti-cancer properties. The aim of the present work is to evaluate synergistic Anticariogenic properties of Pterocarpus santalinus (red sandalwood).
Materials and Methods: Anticariogenic activity of respective nanoparticles against the strain staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Enterococcus faecalis and s.mutans . MHA agar was utilized for this activity to determine the zone of inhibition. Muller Hinton agar was prepared and sterilized for 45 minutes at 120lbs. Media poured into the sterilised plates and let them stabilize for solidification. The wells were cut using the well cutter and the test organisms were swabbed.The nanoparticles with different concentrations were loaded and the plates were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. After the incubation time the zone of inhibition was measured.
Results: Agar well diffusion demonstrated that Pterocarpus santa significantly inhibited the growth of S.Aureus, S.mutans, E. faecalis and C.albicans . The increase in concentration increases the zone of inhibition.Data were implied as mean ± SEM with the level of statistical significance at p<0.05.
Conclusion: Selenium nanoparticles were synthesised from Pterocarpus santa and they are characterised .Their special study showed the potent anticariogenic activity against pathogens.
Investigation of Proapoptotic Effect of Digera muricata Leaf Extract against the Skin Cancer Cell Line (B16-F10)
Authors: Dhivyadharshini J. , Elumalai P. , Raghunandhakumar S. , Lakshmi T. , Roy Anitha 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Skin cancers, such as melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma, frequently begin as changes in the skin. Cancer research continues to focus on finding tumor-selective and new anticancer drugs with fewer adverse effects. Digera muricata is a medicinal herb in the Amaranthaceae family that has antibacterial, antifungal, free radical scavenging function, anti tumor, and other valuable medicinal properties.
Aim: To investigate the pro-apoptotic effect of Digera muricata leaf extract against the skin cancer cell line.
Materials and Methods: MTT assay was used to determine the viability of B16-F10 cells treated with different concentrations (20-200μg) of Digera muricata leaf extract. Phase contrast microscopy was used to examine the morphological changes. In addition, the mode of cell death was assessed using AO/EtBr dual staining and observed under a fluorescence microscope. Statistical analysis was performed, keeping the level of significance at p<0.05.
Results: The MTT assay revealed that the ethanolic extract of Digera muricata leaf had significant cytotoxic and apoptotic potency against the B16-F10 skin cancer cell line, which was validated by significant morphological alterations under phase contrast microscope after 24 hours of treatment. AO/EtBr dual staining results clearly showed the Digera muricata leaf extract treatment induced the early apoptotic cells with bright orange areas of condensed or fragmented chromatin in the nucleus. Late apoptotic cells showing uniform bright red nucleus.
Conclusion: Within the limits of the analysis, it can be inferred that the leaf extract of Digera muricata was cytotoxic and triggered cancer cell apoptosis at a concentration of 50 μg/ml within 24 hours. More research is needed to understand the cytotoxicity mechanisms of this plant extract.
Ameloglyphics why Not with Stains?- An Observational Study
Authors: Yasothkumar Dinesh , Arthanari Abirami , Ramani Pratibha , George A. Melvin 
Published: February 2022

Background: In forensic Odontology, the term ameloglyphics refers to the study of enamel rod end patterns. These enamel rod end patterns are specific and are different for each individual. Enamel is the hardest tissue and it is resistant to several environmental factors like fire, acid exposure and microbial decomposition.
Aims: This study was done to evaluate various stains and staining methods in tooth prints under stereomicroscope. The purpose of the study is to find out the utility of several stains for studying the enamel rod end patterns in forensic Odontology.
Methods: Twenty seven freshly extracted maxillary premolars were collected for the study from the Department of Oral & maxillofacial Surgery. All the teeth collected were irrespective of age to avoid the bias related to different enamel characteristics of deciduous teeth.
Results: In our study, hematoxylin and toluidine blue showed the surface score of 7 out of 9 which was the highest when compared to remaining stains. On comparing 3 different staining methods using hematoxylin and toluidine blue stains in soak method showed superior score when compared to other two methods.
Conclusions: To conclude, Ameloglyphics patterns can be studied by staining the tooth. Hematoxylin and toluidine blue stains can be used for studying the Ameloglyphics pattern. Soak method of staining the tooth can be done to study the pattern. Ameloglyphics patterns can play an important role in personal identification using staining methods and shows promising future in field of forensics.
Blue Tea Mediated Synthesis and Characterisation of Copper Nanoparticles: An In-vitro Study
Authors: George Rinki Susan , Rajasekar Arvina , Rajeshkumar S. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Nanoparticles (NPs) are often regarded as essential components of nanotechnology. Butterfly-pea flower tea, often known as Blue Tea, is a caffeine-free or herbal tea produced from an infusion of the Clitoria ternatea plant's flower petals. In the creation of nanoparticles, plant extracts may act as reducing and stabilizing agents.
Aim: The study's goal was to evaluate the characterization of copper nanoparticles derived from blue tea.
Materials and Methods: The green synthesis approach was used to make the blue tea mediated copper nanoparticles. UV spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine morphological characteristics such as form and size of the green produced copper nanoparticles.
Results: The results revealed that the nanoparticles mediated by blue tea extract were eco-friendly, excellent, and non-toxic. Copper nanoparticles were well disseminated and crystalline in nature, according to TEM pictures. Copper nanoparticles were spherical in shape. The particles were 5-10 µl in size. The TEM image showed that nanoparticles were not mixed, but were separated by equal interspaces between them, as validated by microscope visualization at a greater resolution.
Conclusion: Using blue tea, a simple, biological, and low-cost method for the manufacture of copper nanoparticles was developed in this study. To determine the efficacy of these nanoparticles, the generated copper nanoparticles can be exposed to several biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic evaluation.
Comparison between Modified Triangular Flap and Envelop Flap Techniques for Surgical Removal of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar
Authors: Kumari Bharti , Punjabi Suneel Kumar , Lavina . , Mustafa Naeem , Iqbal Reham , Shams Salman 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To compare postoperative outcomes in surgical extraction of mandibular third molar with envelop flap versus modified triangular flap.
Setting & Duration: Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Unit at Faculty of Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro. Study period was from January 2021 to December 2021.
Subject and Methods: A set of 60 individuals were sequentially assigned 30 to the Group A envelop flap and 30 to the Group B modified triangular flap for surgical removal of the mandibular third molar tooth. The demographic and clinical parameters was identified and recorded in proforma. The discomfort, swelling, and restricted mouth opening linked with an impacted mandibular third tooth are all assessed prior to surgery. The flap pattern employed for the extraction of the impacted lower third molar tooth, pain, and mouth opening was all reported on the proforma at the end of the procedure. On the seventh postoperative day, each patient was evaluated again.
Results: - The average age of patients in group A was 29.77±7.17 years and 28.20±6.28 years in group B. Mean pain score was significantly low in group A as compare to group B [0.87±0.86 vs. 2.93±0.87 p=0.0005]. Mean mouth opening was significantly high in group A than group B [12.86±3.59 vs. 6.12±1.67; p=0.0005].
Conclusion: In comparison to the envelope flap, the modified triangular flap was more effective when considering the postoperative periodontal state of the surrounding third molar and the dehiscence after wound recovery.
Effect of Processing Methods on the Nutritional Quality and Utilization of Ripe Papaya (Carica papaya L.)
Authors: Chuwa Caresma , Kamal Shilpa 
Published: February 2022

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different processing methods on the nutritional quality of ripe papaya fruits. The fruits were processed into pulp and powder using standard procedures and the results revealed that some of the nutrients decreased after processing compared to fresh form. The heat-sensitive nutrients such as ascorbic acid and β-carotene were highly significantly affected by processing methods. The ascorbic acid decreased in pulp (55.95 mg/100 g) and powder (48.69 mg/100 g) compared to fresh (59.26 mg/100 g). The amount of β-carotene was noticed to drop (10.16 mg/100 g) and (8.80 mg/100 g) for pulp and powder respectively compared to fresh (13.04 mg/100 g). On the other hand, non-heat sensitive nutrients (ash, fibre, protein, fat, titratable acidity, total carbohydrates, total energy, reducing sugars and total sugars) were significantly increased in powder compared with fresh and pulp The moisture content among others was significantly increase although highly significance difference (p˂0.05) observed in moisture between fresh (89.98 %), the pulp (91.60 %) and powder (8.20 %). The colour was recorded to be (L* 0.14, a* 2.30, b* 0.61), (L* 58.70, a* 7.41, b* 34.39) and (L* 41.32, a* 8.44, b* 30.13) for fresh, pulp and powder respectively. The products (pulp and powder) processed in this study can be used as food ingredients in food industries to produce hundreds of value-added products like papaya concentrate, jam, juice, syrup, cordial, crush, wine, confectioneries, bakery products, ready to cook instant food premixes as well as reconstituted products among others. The products produced in the current study are of low cost and affordable compared to commercial products of the same quantity and quality.