bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etiopathophysiological role of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in age‐related muscular weakening: RAAS‐independent beneficial role of ACE2 in muscle weakness
Authors: Fuloria Shivkanya , Subramaniyan Vetriselvan , Meenakshi Dhanalekshmi U. , Sekar Mahendran , Chakravarthi Srikumar , Kumar Darnal H. , Kumari Usha , Vanteddu Venkata G. , Patel Tulsi D. , Narra Kishore , Sharma Pradeep K. , Fuloria Neeraj K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAging is accompanied by major changes in body composition that can negatively affect functional status in older adults, including a progressive decrease in muscle mass, strength, and quality. The prevalence of sarcopenia has varied considerably, depending on the definition used and the population surveyed—a 2014 meta‐analysis across several countries found estimates ranging from 1% to 29% for people aged 60 years or older, who live independently. The potentially relevant studies were retrieved from the ScienceDirect/Medline/PubMed/Public library of science/Mendeley/Springer link and Google Scholar. Multiple keywords were used for the literature search both alone and in combination. Some of the important keywords used for literature search were as follows: “Epidemiology of muscle weakness/muscle disorders,” “Pathogenesis of RAAS in muscle weakness,” “Role of Angiotensin 1–7/ACE‐2/Mas R axis in muscle weakness,” and “Correction pathophysiology of muscle weakness via ACE2.” The renin–angiotensin system (RAAS), a major blood pressure regulatory system, is a candidate mediator that may promote aging‐associated muscle weakness. Previously, studies explored the proof concept for RAAS inhibition as a therapeutic target. Furthermore, in RAAS, angiotensin II, and angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) have been reported to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress via glucose‐regulated protein 78/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α)/activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)/CHOP axis in the liver. In addition, other mitochondria and ER physical interactions contribute to skeletal muscle dysfunction. However, very few studies have investigated the relationship between RAAS and ER stress‐associated pathophysiological events and ACE2‐mediated biological consequences in muscle weakness. Thus, the study has been designed to investigate the RAAS‐independent beneficial role of ACE2 in muscle weakness.
Influence of client self‐determination on counseling outcome
Authors: Leibert Todd W. , Smith Julia B. , Agaskar Vaibhavee R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAutonomous motivation based on self‐determination theory has been posited as an important common factor. This study tested whether its influence on outcome extended to mildly distressed clients treated by counselor trainees at a university counseling training center. The study was naturalistic and examined 138 clients, who were mildly distressed according to the Outcome Questionnaire‐45 (OQ‐45). Clients completed the OQ‐45 every session and their motivation after the third session. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that after controlling for autonomous and controlled types of motivation, intrinsic motivation had the strongest impact on reducing client symptoms over time. Findings suggested that the positive influence of autonomous motivation extends to moderately distressed clients treated by novice counselors. However, the positive impact of autonomous motivation may depend on client severity. Implications for future research and counseling practice were discussed.
Extrusion of mitochondria: Garbage clearance or cell–cell communication signals?
Authors: Lyamzaev Konstantin G. , Zinovkin Roman A. , Chernyak Boris V. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMitochondria are dynamic organelles that regulate various intracellular signaling pathways, including the mechanisms of programmed cell death, differentiation, inflammation, and so on. Mitochondria may be extruded as membrane enveloped or as free organelles during developmental processes, inflammatory activation, and in the process of “garbage clearance” of damaged mitochondria in postmitotic cells. Extracellular mitochondria can be engulfed by immune and nonimmune cells and trigger intracellular signaling leading to an inflammatory response. At the same time, it was reported that the release of extracellular vesicles containing mitochondria from mesenchymal stem cells contributes to their therapeutic anti‐inflammatory effects. Numerous studies claim that engulfed mitochondria improve cellular bioenergetics, but this assumption requires further investigation. This review aims at a critical discussion of the mechanisms of mitochondrial extrusion in mammals, the reception of mitochondrial components, and the responses of recipient cells to extracellular mitochondria.
The correlation between severity scores in computed tomography lung scans and viral load in the severity of novel coronavirus 2019 progression
Authors: Liu Zheng , Wang Qian , Li Jing , Liu Jiaqi , Wang Hui , Jia Cuijiao , Xu Leiqian , Wang Xueyan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to find the correlation between severe computed tomography (CT) lung scores and nasopharyngeal viral load (Ct value) in the severity of COVID‐19 disease progression.MethodIn this study, 37 patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 were categorized into severely ill and not severely ill samples. Their Ct values, epidemiological data, lung CT, and laboratory test results were collected three times, respectively, on the first day of their hospital admission, 3–5 days thereafter, and prior to hospital discharge. Among the 37 patients, 8 progressed from not severely ill to severely ill; we also paid attention and observed changes in clinical parameters of COVID‐19 patients who entered our city from other cities (imported cases) and the infected local residents who contacted these imported patients (non‐imported cases).ResultsAmong the 37 patients, the Ct values and lung severity scores (LSSs) were similar in imported and non‐imported cases (F = 0.59 and 2.56; p = 0.45 and 0.12, respectively) but the proportion of severely ill imported patients was significantly higher compared with non‐imported patients (F = 7.77; p = 0.01). Additionally, 21.6% of patients' illness worsened; lymphocyte counts and Ct values were significantly lowered, and C‐reactive protein and LSS significantly increased during COVID‐19 disease progression. Furthermore, LSS negatively correlated with lymphocyte and mononuclear cell counts, as well as Ct values (Pearson's rank = −0.763, −0.824, and −0.588; p = 0.028, 0.012, and 0.003, respectively).ConclusionIn the severity of COVID‐19 disease progression, nasopharyngeal viral load and lung CT severity were closely related, and LSS negatively correlated with lymphocyte and mononuclear cell counts, as well as Ct values.
Revealing the cells fated to form the cell mass in embryos of temnopleurid sea urchins
Authors: Baba Tomomi , Miyahara Chisato , Yamanaka Akira , Kitazawa Chisato 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLarvae of temnopleurid sea urchins form a cell mass (CM) instead of an amniotic cavity on the left side at the early developmental stage for formation of the adult rudiment. However, the cell lineage and the mechanisms that form the CM are still unknown. We analyzed the potential to form a CM in partial embryos resulting from microsurgeries, using two temnopleurid species, Mespilia globulus (L.) and Temnopleurus toreumaticus (Leske). CM formation was completed 28–34 h after fertilization at 24°C, corresponding to the period from the late prism to the two‐armed pluteus larval stages in both species. In the case of specimens dissected horizontally during the mesenchyme blastula to prism stages, the CM was formed in partial embryos containing enough of the an2 region, a part of the precursor cells that differentiate the ectoderm. The proportion of specimens with a CM was higher in T. toreumaticus than in M. globulus. Additionally, all larvae derived from half embryos obtained from dissection along the animal–vegetal axis at the mesenchyme blastula stage formed the CM. Transplantation of a stained animal or vegetal hemisphere at the 16‐cell stage into a nonstained vegetal or animal embryo indicated that the CM derives from the animal half. Exogastrulae vegetalized by lithium chloride treatment did not form the CM. These results indicate that the CM formation is dependent not only on the an2 region but also on signals from the vegetal region after the mesenchyme blastula stage.
Environmental heterogeneity of the Lower Palaeolithic land surface on the Goodwood‐Slindon Raised Beach: comparisons of the records from Boxgrove and Valdoe, Sussex, UK
Authors: Preece Richard C. , Parfitt Simon A. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThe buried soil above the Goodwood‐Slindon Raised Beach running along the foot of the South Downs (Sussex) is one of the most extensive Lower Palaeolithic land surfaces known. It extends for 16 km but exposures are limited to Boxgrove, the focus of archaeological excavations since the 1980s, and Valdoe, 4.8 km to the west. The palaeosol yielded vertebrates suggesting attribution to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 13 and land snails important in the reconstruction of local environments. Important differences exist between the molluscan assemblages from Valdoe and Boxgrove. An extinct land snail Retinella (Lyrodiscus) elephantium, previously known in Britain only from MIS 11, occurred at Valdoe at unusually high frequencies in assemblages poor in woodland species, prompting a reappraisal of its stratigraphical and ecological significance. Conversely, Spermodea lamellata, a woodland species present at Boxgrove, was absent at Valdoe. This lateral variability results both from the original heterogeneity of the environment, and from differential preservation resulting from decalcification and erosion. Calcitic slug plates are over‐represented (>50% of the molluscan fauna) in decalcified sediments where shells composed of aragonite are rare. These considerations, and comparisons with modern and fossil assemblages, have led to more nuanced reconstructions of the landscape occupied by early humans in southern England ~500 ka ago.
Engineering Radiative Energy Transfer and Directional Excitonic Emission in van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Liu Xinyue , Mao Bijun , Yang Xianguang , Taghinejad Mohammad , Panmai Mingcheng , Lan Sheng , Cai Wenshan , Li Baojun , Yan Jiahao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractControlling excitonic energy transfer in 2D van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures is crucial for photonic and optoelectronic applications. Recent studies suggest that the interlayer energy transfer in vdW heterostructures is strongly correlated with the vertical interlayer spacing. However, the interlayer coupling with large separations (>20 nm) when the radiative energy transfer is dominant has not been studied yet. In this case, excitons as radiative dipole sources are able to control the light field. Here, the thickness dependency of radiative energy transfer in vertical vdW heterostructures of WS2 (tungsten disulfide)/hBN (hexagonal boron nitride)/WS2 is studied. The excitonic emission of WS2/hBN and WS2/hBN/WS2 heterostructures is engineered with the intensity ratios of heterostructures to monolayers ranging from 5% to 250%. More importantly, by changing the stacking order to control whether forward or backward emission is collected, a controllable directivity of the excitonic emission from 0.6 to 6.0 is achieved. In theory, the tunability to high‐index/mid‐index interferences and dipole–dipole far‐field coupling is attributed. The outcomes of the study on the radiative energy transfer of vdW heterostructures containing 1Ls (monolayers) with excitonic effects and MLs (multilayers) with high refractive indices will pave the way toward the realization of all vdW nanophotonics.
Back to the Future with Biorefineries: Bottom‐Up and Top‐Down Approaches toward Polymers and Monomers
Authors: Scholten Philip B. V. , Figueirêdo Monique B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe establishment of novel biomass processing schemes is key for achieving the much‐needed carbon neutrality and counteract global warming. Biomass provides a range of monomers and macromolecules with great potential to replace petro‐based materials in a wide range of applications. While important developments are ongoing in the biorefinery space, cross‐sectoral, multidisciplinary partnerships are paramount to speed up and de‐risk the industrialization of such technologies, and an integrated view is necessary to achieve process feasibility. This perspective explores both bottom‐up and top‐down approaches for biomass valorization based on the main natural polymers and monomers that can be extracted or isolated from biomass. A special emphasis is put on scalability, economic feasibility, and resource availability while the biggest challenges in the path toward the development of biorefineries are also discussed.
Some structural similarities between uncountable sets, powersets and the universe
Authors: Tzouvaras Athanassios 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe establish some similarities/analogies between uncountable cardinals or powersets and the class V of all sets. They concern mainly the Boolean algebras , for a regular cardinal κ, and (the class of subclasses of the universe V), endowed with some ideals, especially the ideal for , and the ideal of sets V for .
An efficient approach to optimal experimental design for magnetic resonance fingerprinting with B‐splines
Authors: Scope Crafts Evan , Lu Hengfa , Ye Huihui , Wald Lawrence L. , Zhao Bo 
Published: March 2022

PurposeTo introduce a computationally efficient approach to optimizing the data acquisition parameters of MR Fingerprinting experiments with the Cramér–Rao bound.MethodsThis paper presents a new approach to the optimal experimental design (OED) problem for MR Fingerprinting, which leverages an early observation that the optimized data acquisition parameters of MR Fingerprinting experiments are highly structured. Specifically, the proposed approach captures the desired structure by representing the sequences of data acquisition parameters with a special class of piecewise polynomials known as B‐splines. This incorporates low‐dimensional spline subspace constraints into the OED problem, which significantly reduces the search space of the problem, thereby improving the computational efficiency. With the rich B‐spline representations, the proposed approach also allows for incorporating prior knowledge on the structure of different acquisition parameters, which facilitates the experimental design.ResultsThe effectiveness of the proposed approach was evaluated using numerical simulations, phantom experiments, and in vivo experiments. The proposed approach achieves a two‐order‐of‐magnitude improvement of the computational efficiency over the state‐of‐the‐art approaches, while providing a comparable signal‐to‐noise ratio efficiency benefit. It enables an optimal experimental design problem for MR Fingerprinting with a typical acquisition length to be solved in approximately 1 min.ConclusionsThe proposed approach significantly improves the computational efficiency of the optimal experimental design for MR Fingerprinting, which enhances its practical utility for a variety of quantitative MRI applications.
Computational multiphase periporomechanics for unguided cracking in unsaturated porous media
Authors: Menon Shashank , Song Xiaoyu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this article, we formulate and implement a computational multiphase periporomechanics paradigm for unguided fracturing in unsaturated porous media assuming passive pore air pressure. The same governing equation for the solid phase applies on and off cracks. Crack formation in this framework is autonomous, requiring no prior estimates of crack topology. As a new contribution, an energy‐based criterion for arbitrary crack formation is formulated using the peridynamic effective force state for unsaturated porous media. Unsaturated fluid flow in the fracture space is modeled in a simplified way in line with the nonlocal formulation of unsaturated fluid flow in the bulk. The formulated unsaturated fracturing periporomechanics is numerically implemented through an implicit fractional step algorithm in time and a two‐phase mixed meshless method in space. The two‐stage operator split converts the coupled periporomechanics problem into an undrained deformation and fracture problem and an unsaturated fluid flow in the deformed skeleton configuration. Numerical simulations of in‐plane open and shear cracking are conducted to validate the accuracy and robustness of the fracturing unsaturated periporomechanics model. Then numerical examples of wing cracking and nonplanar cracking in unsaturated soil specimens are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed multiphase periporomechanics paradigm for unguided cracking in unsaturated porous media.
Diagnosis and management of neutropenia in children: The approach of the Study Group on Neutropenia and Marrow Failure Syndromes of the Pediatric Italian Hemato‐Oncology Association (Associazione Italiana Emato‐Oncologia Pediatrica ‐ AIEOP)
Authors: Fioredda Francesca , Onofrillo Daniela , Farruggia Piero , Barone Angelica , Veltroni Marinella , Notarangelo Lucia Dora , Menna Giuseppe , Russo Giovanna , Martire Baldassarre , Finocchi Andrea , Verzegnassi Federico , Bonanomi Sonia , Ramenghi Ugo , Pillon Marta , Dufour Carlo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNeutropenia refers to a group of diseases characterized by a reduction in neutrophil levels below the recommended age threshold. The present study aimed to review the diagnosis and management of neutropenia, including a diagnostic toolkit and candidate underlying genes. This study also aimed to review the progress toward the definition of autoimmune and idiopathic neutropenia rising in infancy or in late childhood but without remission, and provide suggestions for efficient diagnostics, including indications for the bone marrow and genetic testing. The management and treatment protocols for common and unique presentations are also reviewed, providing evidence tailored to a single patient.
Factors contributing to delayed childhood cancer care in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Cotache‐Condor Cesia , Grimm Andie , Williamson Jahsarah , Kantety Vinootna , Landrum Kelsey , Schroeder Kristin , Staton Catherine A. , Majaliwa Esther , Rice Henry E. , Smith Emily R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSignificant disparities exist for timely access to cancer care for children, with the highest disparities in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). This study aims to conduct a systematic review that identifies the factors contributing to delayed care of childhood cancers in LMICs.MethodsWe will conduct a systematic review with search strings compliant with the PICO framework: (1) the Population—children (aged 0‐18 years) from LMICs; (2) the Exposure—factors contributing to timely childhood cancer care; (3) the Outcome—delays in childhood cancer care.DiscussionOur study is an essential step to guide strategic interventions to assess the myriad of factors that prevent children from accessing timely cancer care in LMICs. The results will be submitted for publication in a peer‐reviewed journal and shared with institutions related to the field.
Performance evaluation of room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber nanocomposites aged in strong aqueous solutions
Authors: Mishra Palash , Paul Moutusi , Vinod Pabbati , Sarathi Ramanujam , Kornhuber Stefan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the present study moisture absorption behavior of titania (TiO2) and silica (SiO2) doped room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber (SR) nanocomposites immersed in deionized water, aqueous sodium chloride (NaCl) and nitric acid (HNO3) solution was investigated. It is realized that the diffusion coefficient of the material is high with nanocomposites compared to virgin RTV SR material. To understand the surface condition of the material and characteristic variation in material properties water droplet‐initiated corona inception voltage measurements, atomic force microscopy study, surface potential variation studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis was carried out with the virgin and aqueous solution aged specimens. The discharge resistance of the material was analyzed using corona discharge studies. The level of hydrophobicity variations was analyzed through contact angle measurements. The experimental results confirmed that the performance of TiO2 doped RTV SR nanocomposites is superior to the SiO2 doped and virgin RTV SR material.
Thermal and mechanical properties of in situ polymerized polyethylene/tetra‐needle likeZnOwhisker composite
Authors: Su Guodong , Wang Shuwei , Yu Jiangang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane modified tetra‐needle like ZnO whiskers fillers containing Ziegler‐Natta catalyst is synthesized through a coagglomeration method. The surface of filler is fully wrapped with Ziegler‐Natta catalyst and the active sites are well dispersed in the catalyst. It exhibits good activity (28.7 g‐polyethylene/g‐cat) towards ethylene polymerization to give a composite of polyethylene and tetra‐needle like ZnO whiskers filler with enhanced thermal stability and mechanical properties due to the good dispersion and interface adhesion of the filler to polyethylene matrix. Therefore, this study provides a simple method to prepare high‐performance polyethylene with uniform filler distribution, good thermal stability, rigidity, and toughness.
Research on the implementing conditions of inverse emulsion‐breath figure method
Authors: Gao Jiajun , Cui Pengcheng , Ding Lingyun , Xu Taiyi , Ju Yuanlai , Yu Bibo , Zhang Wenwu , Zhang Zhilv , Sun Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe relationships between three steps of the inverse emulsion‐breath figure (Ie‐BF) method, including emulsion preparation, film casting and hydrophilic component loading, are explored by adjusting the experimental factors of the three implementing processes. For emulsion preparation step, the influence of the ultrasonification, the concentration of emulsifier and the addition of polymer on the size of the emulsion droplets are investigated. For film casting step, the influence of environmental humidity and several factors concerning the emulsion preparation on the porous structure of the resultant films are studied. It has been proved that high humidity is a necessity for obtaining surface pores, and multi‐layered pores with disordered distribution can be formed in the bulk layer of the film when high water/oil ratio is used in making the emulsion. Bovine serum albumin is loaded into the emulsion water droplets, and by implementing the Ie‐BF method under the condition of water/oil ratio being as low as 0.02 vol%, selective protein enrichment within the interior of the top‐layer pores is still realized. It reflects the characteristics of “high efficiency, targeted assembly” in the step of hydrophilic component loading.