bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of IHS4‐55, an IHS4 dichotomous outcome to assess treatment effect for hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Tzellos Thrasivoulos , van Straalen Kelsey R. , Kyrgidis Athanassios , Alavi Afsaneh , Goldfarb Noah , Gulliver Wayne , Jemec Gregor B. E. , Lowes Michelle A. , Marzano Angelo Valerio , Prens Errol P. , Sayed Christopher J. , van der Zee Hessel H. , Zouboulis Christos C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundValidated, inclusive and easy‐to‐use outcomes for hidradenitis suppurativa are essential both in the clinical trial setting and clinical practice. The continuous IHS4 is a validated tool that dynamically assesses nodules/abscesses/draining tunnels and classifies disease severity as mild/moderate/severe. However, dichotomous outcomes are often required for clinical trials reporting.ObjectiveTo develop and validate a dichotomous outcome based on IHS4 that can be used in clinical trial settings and day‐to‐day clinical practice.MethodsDe‐identified data from the PIONEER‐I and ‐II studies were accessed through Vivli. Potential IHS4 thresholds were analysed using baseline to Week 12 data from adalimumab‐ and placebo‐treated hidradenitis suppurativa patients in the PIONEER‐I trial. The final threshold was chosen based on its ability to discriminate between patients treated with adalimumab or placebo and its association with reduction in inflammatory lesions. The final threshold was validated using data from baseline to Week 12 from adalimumab‐ and placebo‐treated hidradenitis suppurativa patients in both the PIONEER‐II and the combined PIONEER‐I and ‐II studies.ResultsThe best performing cut‐off for the IHS4 was a 55% reduction of the IHS4 score (IHS4‐55). Patients who achieved the IHS4‐55 had an odd's ratio of 2.00 [95%‐CI 1.26–3.18, p = 0.003], 2.79 (95%‐CI 1.76–4.43, p < 0.001) and 2.16 (95%‐CI 1.43–3.29, p < 0.001) for being treated with adalimumab rather than placebo in PIONEER‐I, PIONEER‐II and the combined dataset, respectively. Additionally, the achievement of the IHS4‐55 was associated with a significant reduction in inflammatory nodules, abscesses and draining tunnels in all analysed datasets.ConclusionsIHS4‐55, a novel dichotomous IHS4 version, based on a 55% reduction of the total score was developed. The IHS4‐55 performs similarly to the HiSCR in discriminating between adalimumab‐ and placebo‐treated hidradenitis suppurativa patients and shows significant associations with reductions in lesion counts. Moreover, the IHS4‐55 addresses some of the HiSCR drawbacks by dynamically including draining tunnels in a validated manner. By allowing the analysis of hidradenitis suppurativa patients with an abscess and nodule count below 3 but many draining tunnels, this outcome measure will improve inclusivity in clinical trials.
Host plant intraspecific variation determines gall traits
Authors: Cardoso J. C. F. , Gonçalves P. H. P. , Oliveira D. C. , Rezende U. C. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Galls display a multiplicity of traits, including colours, which are driven by pigment accumulation. Their conspicuousness has attracted researchers' attention and several hypotheses have been raised. However, plants themselves vary intra‐specifically, including in their pigment concentrations. As galls are a result of host tissue development, colours may be a by‐product of the host's own traits, being more conspicuous simply because the sites where galls develop already have the predisposition to accumulate more pigment. Here, we call this the host variation hypothesis.

We test this hypothesis using the system of galls induced by Palaeomystella oligophaga on Macairea radula host plant. Using spectrophotometry, we calculated the Anthocyanin Reflectance Index (ARI) of gall projections, which are responsible for their characteristic colours. We tested the influence of occupant identity (galling insect or any natural enemy), gall volume, parenchyma thickness, height from the ground, ARI of leaf, ARI of gall surface and ARI of the respective stem.

We corroborated the host variation hypothesis since the anthocyanin content in stems and in galls' projections were positively related. Moreover, anthocyanin in galls' projections was positively related to anthocyanin in the gall surface and negatively related to gall volume and parenchyma thickness. This shows that, besides the host specificities, galls' own traits may also be responsible for pigment accumulation, influencing their colours.

In this study, using colour as an example, we show that although galls tend to be considered complex expressions of galling insects' stimuli, their traits may be simply influenced by previous and specific attributes of the host organs.
Differences by cognitive impairment in detailed processes for basic activities of daily living in older adults with dementia
Authors: Shimokihara Suguru , Tabira Takayuki , Hotta Maki , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi Tomoharu , Maruta Michio , Han Gwanghee , Ikeda Yuriko , Ishikawa Tomohisa , Ikeda Manabu 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundImpairment of activities of daily living in patients with dementia has a fundamental and lasting impact on their quality of life and requires a detailed assessment. This study investigated to clarify characteristic of basic activities of daily living (BADL) processes with the severity of cognitive impairment in community‐dwelling older adults with dementia using the Process Analysis of Daily Activity for Dementia (PADA‐D).MethodsParticipants were recruited from outpatient departments of 24 hospitals, daycare centres, and home rehabilitation services in Japan. The severity of cognitive impairment was determined using the Mini‐mental State Examination (mild: score ≥ 20; moderate: 10 ≤ score < 20; severe: score < 10). Patient's BADL were assessed according to the PADA‐D by observation of the occupational therapist and interviews with family members. Basic information and the scores of BADL items of the PADA‐D were compared between the three groups. Subsequently, we compared the percentage of independent or non‐independent processes included in the sub‐items of BADL in the PADA‐D.ResultsA total of 143 patients were included in the analysis. Performance on BADL was shown to decrease significantly with increasing severity of cognitive impairment. The percentage of all BADL processes performed ranged from 58% to 100% in mild, 38% to 97% in moderate, and 0% to 88% in severe. Some of the processes included in BADL of PADA‐D showed no significant differences in independence between the three groups.Discussion/ConclusionMost BADL processes differed with respect to different independence rates depending on the severity of cognitive impairment of the older adults with dementia. However, some BADL processes were not associated with the severity of cognitive impairment. Our findings may suggest that a detailed BADL assessment of patients with dementia is useful in terms of caregiver education to avoid excessive caregiving and in predicting BADL impairment.
Transcriptome analysis of selected cytokine and chemokines in the eosinophilic plaques of cats with atopic skin syndrome
Authors: Vargo Cheryl , Howerth Elizabeth W. , Banovic Frane 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious evaluations of cytokine and chemokine gene expressions [messenger (m)RNA] in the skin of allergic cats were mostly unsuccessful in detecting the T‐helper 2 (Th2) pathway, which is associated with the major effector cytokines interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐13.Hypothesis/ObjectiveTo evaluate differences in the mRNA expression in eosinophilic plaques of cats diagnosed with feline atopic skin syndrome (FASS) compared to healthy controls.AnimalsFour client‐owned cats with FASS with eosinophilic plaques and five healthy control cats.Materials and MethodsGene expressions (mRNA) of 14 cytokines and chemokines from eosinophilic plaque skin of cats with FASS and site‐matched skin samples from healthy controls were analysed using quantitative reverse‐transcription PCR analysis.ResultsEosinophilic plaques were characterized by upregulation of Th2 cytokines IL‐4 (p ≤ 0.01), IL‐5 (p ≤ 0.01) and IL‐13 (p ≤ 0.01) and Th2‐attracting chemokine CCL17 (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, there was higher expression of S100 calcium‐binding protein A 8 (p ≤ 0.01) as well as C‐X‐C Motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10; p ≤ 0.01), IL‐10 (p ≤ 0.05) and the Th17 cytokine IL‐17A (p ≤ 0.01) in lesional skin compared to healthy samples. There was no difference in gene expressions of IL‐12A, IL‐31, IL‐33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) or CCL5.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceResults demonstrate that eosinophilic plaques feature dominant Th2 and IL‐17A inflammatory responses in the skin. Further larger‐sample transcriptome studies are needed to advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of different skin lesions in FASS.
System Identification of an Actuated Inclined Ball Mechanism Via Causation Entropy
Authors: Elinger Jared , Rogers Jonathan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGrey-box and black-box dynamic models are routinely used to model the behavior of real-world dynamic systems. When creating such models, the identification of an accurate model structure (often referred to as covariate selection, feature selection, or sparsity identification) is a critical step required to achieve suitable predictive performance by minimizing the effects of overfitting. Recently, causation entropy has been shown to be quite useful in data-driven covariate selection as it provides a mechanism to measure the causal relationships between the set of covariates and the state dynamics. This work extends previous results by applying the causation entropy covariate selection technique to data from an experimental nonlinear system consisting of a ball rolling on an actuated inclined ramp. Data collected from the system is processed by the causation entropy-based algorithm and covariate selection is performed on a black-box dynamic model. The resulting optimized model is shown to provide better predictive performance than an optimized black-box model which includes extraneous covariates. This study represents the first application of causation entropy-based covariate selection to real-world experimental data, illustrating its use as a practical system identification method.
Modeling the Mechanical Microenvironment of Coiled Cerebral Aneurysms
Authors: Bass David I. , Marsh Laurel M. M. , Fillingham Patrick , Lim Do , Chivukula V. Keshav , Kim Louis J. , Aliseda Alberto , Levitt Michael R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Successful occlusion of cerebral aneurysms using coil embolization is contingent upon stable thrombus formation, and the quality of the thrombus depends upon the biomechanical environment. The goal of this study was to investigate how coil embolization alters the mechanical micro-environment within the aneurysm dome. Inertialess particles were injected in three-dimensional, computational simulations of flow inside patient aneurysms using patient-specific boundary conditions. Coil embolization was simulated as a homogenous porous medium of known permeability and inertial constant. Lagrangian particle tracking was used to calculate the residence time and shear stress history for particles in the flow before and after treatment. The percentage of particles entering the aneurysm dome correlated with the neck surface area before and after treatment (pretreatment: R2 = 0.831, P &lt; 0.001; post-treatment: R2 = 0.638, P &lt; 0.001). There was an inverse relationship between the change in particles entering the dome and coil packing density (R2 = 0.600, P &lt; 0.001). Following treatment, the particles with the longest residence times tended to remain within the dome even longer while accumulating lower shear stress. A significant correlation was observed between the treatment effect on residence time and the ratio of the neck surface area to porosity (R2 = 0.390, P = 0.007). The results of this study suggest that coil embolization triggers clot formation within the aneurysm dome via a low shear stress-mediated pathway. This hypothesis links independently observed findings from several benchtop and clinical studies, furthering our understanding of this treatment strategy.
The Second Stage of BTN Neutron Space Experiment onboard the Russian Section of the International Space Station: the BTN-M2 Instrument
Authors: Mokrousov M. I. , Mitrofanov I. G. , Anikin A. A. , Golovin D. V. , Karpushkina N. E. , Kozyrev A. S. , Litvak M. L. , Malakhov A. V. , Pekov A. N. , Sanin A. B. , Tretyakov V. I. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As recent studies onboard various spacecraft have shown, one unresolved technical problem of manned interplanetary flights at the moment is the high radiation background of interplanetary space, which, as in the case of a manned mission to Mars, can be critically dangerous for the crew. Work on this topic is being carried out by all space agencies. One such space experiment is represented by the BTN-Neutron experiment onboard the Russian section of the International Space Station (ISS). The main result of the work was the construction of the BTN-M2 instrument for creating effective radiation protection onboard prospective manned spacecraft, creating an engineering model of the radiation background both inside and outside the ISS, and for registration of γ rays and neutrons during solar flares and cosmic γ-ray bursts.
Predicting asthma attacks using connected mobile devices and machine learning: the AAMOS-00 observational study protocol
Authors: Tsang Kevin Cheuk Him , Pinnock Hilary , Wilson Andrew M , Salvi Dario , Shah Syed Ahmar 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionSupported self-management empowering people with asthma to detect early deterioration and take timely action reduces the risk of asthma attacks. Smartphones and smart monitoring devices coupled with machine learning could enhance self-management by predicting asthma attacks and providing tailored feedback.We aim to develop and assess the feasibility of an asthma attack predictor system based on data collected from a range of smart devices.Methods and analysisA two-phase, 7-month observational study to collect data about asthma status using three smart monitoring devices, and daily symptom questionnaires. We will recruit up to 100 people via social media and from a severe asthma clinic, who are at risk of attacks and who use a pressurised metered dose relief inhaler (that fits the smart inhaler device).Following a preliminary month of daily symptom questionnaires, 30 participants able to comply with regular monitoring will complete 6 months of using smart devices (smart peak flow meter, smart inhaler and smartwatch) and daily questionnaires to monitor asthma status. The feasibility of this monitoring will be measured by the percentage of task completion. The occurrence of asthma attacks (definition: American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Task Force 2009) will be detected by self-reported use (or increased use) of oral corticosteroids. Monitoring data will be analysed to identify predictors of asthma attacks. At the end of the monitoring, we will assess users’ perspectives on acceptability and utility of the system with an exit questionnaire.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was provided by the East of England - Cambridge Central Research Ethics Committee. IRAS project ID: 285 505 with governance approval from ACCORD (Academic and Clinical Central Office for Research and Development), project number: AC20145. The study sponsor is ACCORD, the University of Edinburgh.Results will be reported through peer-reviewed publications, abstracts and conference posters. Public dissemination will be centred around blogs and social media from the Asthma UK network and shared with study participants.
Development and validation of a new ICD-10-based screening colonoscopy overuse measure in a large integrated healthcare system: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Adams Megan A , Kerr Eve A , Dominitz Jason A , Gao Yuqing , Yankey Nicholas , May Folasade P , Mafi John , Saini Sameer D 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundLow-value use of screening colonoscopy is wasteful and potentially harmful to patients. Decreasing low-value colonoscopy prevents procedural complications, saves patient time and reduces patient discomfort, and can improve access by reducing procedural demand. The objective of this study was to develop and validate an electronic measure of screening colonoscopy overuse using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition codes and then apply this measure to estimate facility-level overuse to target quality improvement initiatives to reduce overuse in a large integrated healthcare system.MethodsRetrospective national observational study of US Veterans undergoing screening colonoscopy at 119 Veterans Health Administration (VHA) endoscopy facilities in 2017. A measure of screening colonoscopy overuse was specified by an expert workgroup, and electronic approximation of the measure numerator and denominator was performed (‘electronic measure’). The electronic measure was then validated via manual record review (n=511). Reliability statistics (n=100) were calculated along with diagnostic test characteristics of the electronic measure. The measure was then applied to estimate overall rates of overuse and facility-level variation in overuse among all eligible patients.ResultsThe electronic measure had high specificity (99%) and moderate sensitivity (46%). Adjusted positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 33% and 95%, respectively. Inter-rater reliability testing revealed near perfect agreement between raters (k=0.81). 269 572 colonoscopies were performed in VHA in 2017 (88 143 classified as screening procedures). Applying the measure to these 88 143 screening colonoscopies, 24.5% were identified as potential overuse. Median facility-level overuse was 22.5%, with substantial variability across facilities (IQR 19.1%–27.0%).ConclusionsAn International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition based electronic measure of screening colonoscopy overuse has high specificity and improved sensitivity compared with a previous International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition based measure. Despite increased focus on reducing low-value care and improving access, a quarter of VHA screening colonoscopies in 2017 were identified as potential low-value procedures, with substantial facility-level variability.
Arthroscopic Radiocarpal Tendinous Inter-Position for Grade 2 Scapholunate Advanced Collapse – Surgical Technique
Authors: DE VILLENEUVE BARGEMON Jean-Baptiste , MERLINI Lorenzo , MATHOULIN Christophe , LEVADOUX Michel 
Published: October 2022

Grade 2 scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC 2) can be treated by proximal row carpectomy with satisfactory results. However, this method is invasive and can limit function. The senior author had proposed an arthroscopic alternative with tendon interposition between the radius and proximal carpal row (arthroscopic interposition tendon arthroplasty [AITA]). However, this arthroscopic technique is technically difficult and requires a risky palmar arthroscopic portal. We report a modification of AITA, the one-loop arthroscopic radiocarpal tendon inter-position (1L-ARTI) that is simpler and needs only dorsal arthroscopic portals. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy Attainment and Outcomes in Dialysis-Requiring Versus Nondialysis Chronic Kidney Disease in the ISCHEMIA-CKD Trial
Authors: Mathew Roy O. , Maron David J. , Anthopolos Rebecca , Fleg Jerome L. , O’Brien Sean M. , Rockhold Frank W. , Briguori Carlo , Roik Marek F. , Mazurek Tomasz , Demkow Marcin , Malecki Robert , Ye Zhiming , Kaul Upendra , Miglinas Marius , Stone Gregg W. , Wald Ron , Charytan David M. , Sidhu Mandeep S. , Hochman Judith S. , Bangalore Sripal 
Published: October 2022

Background:

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis (CKD G5D) have worse cardiovascular outcomes than patients with advanced nondialysis CKD (CKD G4-5: estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/[min·1.73m
2
]). Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between achievement of cardiovascular guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) goals and clinical outcomes for CKD G5D versus CKD G4-5.

Methods:
This was a subgroup analysis of ISCHEMIA-CKD (International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness With Medical and Invasive Approaches—Chronic Kidney Disease) participants with CKD G4-5 or CKD G5D and moderate-to-severe myocardial ischemia on stress testing. Exposures included dialysis requirement at randomization and GDMT goal achievement during follow-up. The composite outcome was all-cause mortality or nonfatal myocardial infarction. Individual GDMT goal (smoking cessation, systolic blood pressure <140 mm Hg, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <70 mg/dL, statin use, aspirin use) trajectory was modeled. Percentage point difference was estimated for each GDMT goal at 24 months between CKD G5D and CKD G4-5, and for association with key predictors. Probability of survival free from all-cause mortality or nonfatal myocardial infarction by GDMT goal achieved was assessed for CKD G5D versus CKD G4-5.

Results:
A total of 415 CKD G5D and 362 CKD G4-5 participants were randomized. Participants with CKD G5D were less likely to receive statin (–6.9% [95% CI, –10.3% to –3.7%]) and aspirin therapy (−3.0% [95% CI, −5.6% to −0.6%]), with no difference in other GDMT goal attainment. Cumulative exposure to GDMT achieved during follow-up was associated with reduction in all-cause mortality or nonfatal myocardial infarction (hazard ratio, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.87–0.90]; per each GDMT goal attained over 60 days), irrespective of dialysis status.

Conclusions:
CKD G5D participants received statin or aspirin therapy less often. Cumulative exposure to GDMT goals achieved was associated with lower incidence of all-cause mortality or nonfatal myocardial infarction in participants with advanced CKD and chronic coronary disease, regardless of dialysis status.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01985360.