bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Computational Cognitive Model of Driver Response Time for Scheduled Freeway Exiting Takeovers in Conditionally Automated Vehicles
Authors: Tan Xiaomei , Zhang Yiqi 
Published: December 2022

Objective This study develops a computational model to predict drivers’ response time and understand the underlying cognitive mechanism for freeway exiting takeovers in conditionally automated vehicles (AVs). Background Previous research has modeled drivers’ takeover response time in emergency scenarios that demand a quick response. However, existing models may not be applicable for scheduled, non-time-critical takeovers as drivers take longer to resume control when there is no time pressure. A model of driver response time in non-time-critical takeovers is lacking. Method A computational cognitive model of driver takeover response time is developed based on Queuing Network-Model Human Processor (QN-MHP) architecture. The model quantifies gaze redirection in response to takeover request (ToR), task prioritization, driver situation awareness, and driver trust to address the complexities of drivers' takeover strategies when sufficient time budget exists. Results Experimental data of a preliminary driving simulator study were used to validate the model. The model accounted for 97% of the experimental takeover response time for freeway exiting. Conclusion The current model can successfully predict drivers’ response time for scheduled, non-time-critical freeway exiting takeovers in conditionally AVs. Application This model can be applied to the human-machine interface design with respect to ToR lead time for enhancing safe freeway exiting takeovers in conditionally AVs. It also provides a foundation for future modeling work towards an integrated driver model of freeway exiting takeover performance.
Age, period and cohort effects in depression prevalence among Canadians 65+, 1994 to 2018: A multi-level analysis
Authors: Yang Guang , D’Arcy Carl 
Published: December 2022

Background: The nature of the Canadian population 65+ has changed considerably over the past several decades. They comprise a larger proportion of the population, are better educated, and are wealthier than previous generations. We estimate the contributions of chronological aging, temporal periods, and birth cohort effects on the trends in the major depressive episode (MDE) prevalence among Canadian seniors from 1994/1995 to 2017/2018. Methods: Using data from two sets of national health surveys, the National Population Health Survey (NPHS) and the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). Pooled data on 150,246 survey respondents aged 65+ from 16 repeated cross-sectional surveys are included. Hierarchical regression age-period-cohort models were used to visualize the linear and non-linear effects of age, period, and cohort trends in late-life depression. Results: We found that: the prevalence of MDE in later life fluctuated non-significantly during the study time period; the probability of developing MDE declined with increasing age from 65 to 80+ (β = −.32, p = .027). The significant quadratic birth cohort predictor showed a non-linear increasing association with the prevalence of MDE from the earlier to later-born cohorts (β = .01, p = .049). We also found that females 65+ were consistently more likely to be depressed than males 65+ (β = .47, p = .007). The significantly negative “age × female” interaction shows that age exerts a greater effect on females’ probability of developing MDE than males (β = −.09, p = .011). There were no consistent significant period effects but there were peaks in prevalence around 2001, 2008, and 2012 which corresponded to some recent historical events. Our moderation analysis documents that lower levels of education significantly contributed to the higher rates of depression among cohorts born earlier in the 20th century. Conclusions: Our findings show the presence of strong chronological age and cohort effects and weaker period effects on the prevalence of late-life depression in Canadian seniors.
Investigation of the relation between free volume and physico-mechanical performance in rigid polyurethane foam containing turkey feather fibers: Part 2
Authors: Soykan Ugur , Khaleel Mustafa , Cetin Sedat , Yahsi Ugur , Tav Cumali 
Published: December 2022

Rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) were modified with 0–15 wt.% turkey feather fibers (TFFs) produced from waste turkey feathers. One-shut free rising method was used for the production of TFFs-filled-RPUFs in a closed mold. The dependence of mechanical performance and water vapor permeability (WVP) feature of the final foams on TFFs loading was evaluated with free volume change. The free volume analysis was performed via Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS), while the mechanical and WVP characteristics were determined with the use of the universal tester machines. PALS findings showed that the incorporation of TFFs with RPUF matrix caused the considerable diminishment in the free volume due to TFFs serving as a filling material and formation of strong secondary bonds between components. Moreover, tensile strength and extension of the foams decreased with the increasing of TFFs, which caused by the occurrence of noteworthy restriction on the spatial alignment and orientation capability of polyurethane chains due to the lack of sufficient free volume allowing the chains to move freely. As for the compression tests, all the TFFs-loaded RPUFs depicted substantially lower performance due to TFFs interfering with the ordered organization of isocyanate domains. Moreover, impact test results showed that the addition of TFFs into RPUF matrix brought about the insufficient impact energy delocalization throughout the matrix due to the restriction on the mobility of polymer chains. Additionally, the remarkable diminishment in WVP was recorded due to the reduction in the number of vacancies and constitution of keratin composed of roundly 60% of hydrophilic protein (especially cystine). All in all, this study established a strong links between free volume and characteristics of TFFs-loaded RPUFs.
Towards the development of a fire retardant sugar-cane bagasse ply for composite manufacture: A flammability study
Authors: Basnayake Asanka P , Hidalgo Juan P , Heitzmann Michael T 
Published: December 2022

This study investigated suspending two fire retardants in sugar-cane bagasse plies used for manufacturing natural fibre reinforced composites. Sugar-cane bagasse was alkali treated, blended with either APP (Ammonium Polyphosphate) or ATH (Aluminium Hydroxide), pressed and dried to form plies. Composites were manufactured using a light resin transfer moulding process with epoxy resin. Composites manufactured with fire retardant suspended plies were compared to composites with plies layered with equivalent amounts of fire retardants. The composites were characterised using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for thermal stability and char yield, isotropic hot disc method for thermal properties, and cone calorimeter for studying ignition and flammability. Plies suspended with APP had the highest char yield of 58% (in nitrogen), reducing to 26% in the composite form, with degradation driven by the epoxy matrix. The composite layered with ATH had the latest ignition times of 118 s when tested with a radiant heat flux of 35 kW/m2. The composite layered with APP displayed the lowest average heat release rate (179.7k W/m2), peak heat release rate (305.6k W/m2), and total heat released (135.5 MJ/kg). When assessing the fire growth, the composite layered with APP was again favourable. While the layering yielded more favourable results than the suspension of the same retardants, this study showed that a rudimentary process was able to suspend enough retardants to improve the behaviour of the resulting composites in a fire scenario.
Validity of a novel ex vivo porcine liver perfusion model for studying haemostatic products
Authors: Roozen Edwin A , Lomme Roger MLM , Calon Nicole UB , Warlé Michiel C , Van Goor Harry 
Published: December 2022

Introduction We developed a novel normothermic ex vivo porcine liver perfusion model with whole blood in order to have alternatives for animal experiments in the research and development of new local haemostatic agents. This study aims to assess the construct and content validity of this model. Methods In this study we performed two ex vivo experiments using nine livers and one in vivo experiment using six female Norsvin Topigs pigs: (1) ex vivo liver perfusion for establishing physiological blood parameters of the perfused liver and controlled heparinization, (2) ex vivo liver perfusion with a surgical injury and (3) a surgical liver injury in anaesthetized pigs with and without heparin. Results Ex vivo coagulation parameters were comparable to in vivo with heparin. Blood gas values and metabolic parameters were comparable between ex vivo and in vivo with heparin, but significantly different compared with in vivo baseline, with the exception of (partial pressure of oxygen (PO2). Activated clotting time (ACT) values significantly differed depending on the heparin doses. The coagulation parameters fibrinogen, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time and ACT were rather constant during the 4 h ex vivo perfusion. Haemostatic efficacy of commercially available products was comparable between in vivo with heparin and the ex vivo liver perfusion experiment. Conclusion This novel ex vivo liver perfusion model demonstrates good construct and content validity for at least 4 h of perfusion. The model is an easily accessible, table-top, tunable and effective alternative for the in vivo testing of (new) haemostatic products on their haemostatic properties. Validité d'un nouveau modèle de perfusion hépatique porcin ex-vivo pour l'étude des produits hémostatiques Résumé
Comparison of MRI and CT-based radiomics for preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zeng Piaoe , Qu Chao , Liu Jianfang , Cui Jingjing , Liu Xiaoming , Xiu Dianrong , Yuan Huishu 
Published: December 2022

Background The preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is essential in prognosis and treatment strategy formulation. Purpose To compare the performance of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics models for the preoperative prediction of LNM in PDAC. Material and Methods In total, 160 consecutive patients with PDAC were retrospectively included, who were divided into the training and validation sets (ratio of 8:2). Two radiologists evaluated LNM basing on morphological abnormalities. Radiomics features were extracted from T2-weighted imaging, T1-weighted imaging, and multiphase contrast enhanced MRI and multiphase CT, respectively. Overall, 1184 radiomics features were extracted from each volume of interest drawn. Only features with an intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.75 were included. Three sequential feature selection steps—variance threshold, variance thresholding and least absolute shrinkage selection operator—were repeated 20 times with fivefold cross-validation in the training set. Two radiomics models based on multiphase CT and multiparametric MRI were built with the five most frequent features. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) values. Results Multiparametric MRI radiomics model achieved improved AUCs (0.791 and 0.786 in the training and validation sets, respectively) than that of the CT radiomics model (0.672 and 0.655 in the training and validation sets, respectively) and of the radiologists’ assessment (0.600–0.613 and 0.560–0.587 in the training and validation sets, respectively). Conclusion Multiparametric MRI radiomics model may serve as a potential tool for preoperatively evaluating LNM in PDAC and had superior predictive performance to multiphase CT-based model and radiologists’ assessment.
Depressed Protein Synthesis and Anabolic Signaling Potentiate ACL Tear–Resultant Quadriceps Atrophy
Authors: Keeble Alexander R. , Brightwell Camille R. , Latham Christine M. , Thomas Nicholas T. , Mobley C. Brooks , Murach Kevin A. , Johnson Darren L. , Noehren Brian , Fry Christopher S. 
Published: December 2022

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear (ACLT) leads to protracted quadriceps muscle atrophy. Protein turnover largely dictates muscle size and is highly responsive to injury and loading. Regulation of quadriceps molecular protein synthetic machinery after ACLT has largely been unexplored, limiting development of targeted therapies. Purpose: To define the effect of ACLT on (1) the activation of protein synthetic and catabolic signaling within quadriceps biopsy specimens from human participants and (2) the time course of alterations to protein synthesis and its molecular regulation in a mouse ACL injury model. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Muscle biopsy specimens were obtained from the ACL-injured and noninjured vastus lateralis of young adult humans after an overnight fast (N = 21; mean ± SD, 19 ± 5 years). Mice had their limbs assigned to ACLT or control, and whole quadriceps were collected 6 hours or 1, 3, or 7 days after injury with puromycin injected before tissue collection for assessment of relative protein synthesis. Muscle fiber size and expression and phosphorylation of protein anabolic and catabolic signaling proteins were assessed at the protein and transcript levels (RNA sequencing). Results: Human quadriceps showed reduced phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 (–41%) in the ACL-injured limb ( P = .008), in addition to elevated phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (+98%; P = .006), indicative of depressed protein anabolic signaling in the injured limb. No differences in E3 ubiquitin ligase expression were noted. Protein synthesis was lower at 1 day ( P = .01 vs control limb) and 3 days ( P = .002 vs control limb) after ACLT in mice. Pathway analyses revealed shared molecular alterations between human and mouse quadriceps after ACLT. Conclusion: (1) Global protein synthesis and anabolic signaling deficits occur in the quadriceps in response to ACL injury, without notable changes in measured markers of muscle protein catabolism. (2) Importantly, these deficits occur before the onset of significant atrophy, underscoring the need for early intervention. Clinical Relevance: These findings suggest that blunted protein anabolism as opposed to increased catabolism likely mediates quadriceps atrophy after ACL injury. Thus, future interventions should aim to restore muscle protein anabolism rapidly after ACLT.
Suicidal Ideation Amongst University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Time Trends and Risk Factors
Authors: Jones Laura B. , Vereschagin Melissa , Wang Angel Y. , Munthali Richard J. , Pei Julia , Richardson Chris G. , Halli Priyanka , Xie Hui , Rush Brian , Yatham Lakshmi , Gadermann Anne M. , Pendakur Krishna , Prescivalli Ana Paula , Munro Lonna , Bruffaerts Ronny , Auerbach Randy P. , Mortier Philippe , Vigo Daniel V. 
Published: December 2022

Objective Examine time trends in suicidal ideation in post-secondary students over the first three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada and identify subpopulations of students with increased risk. Method We analysed 14 months of data collected through repeated cross-sectional deployment of the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health-International College Student (WMH-ICS) survey at the University of British Columbia. Estimated log odds weekly trends of 30-day suicidal ideation (yes/no) were plotted against time with adjustments for demographics using binary logistic generalized additive model (GAM). Risk factors for 30-day suicidal ideation frequency (four categories) were examined using the ordered logistic GAM, with a cubic smoothing spline for modelling time trend in obervation weeks and accounting for demographics. Results Nearly one-fifth (18.9%) of students experienced suicidal ideation in the previous 30 days. While the estimated log odds suggested that binary suicidal ideation was relatively stable across the course of the pandemic, an initial drop followed by an increasing trend was observed. Risk factors for suicidal ideation frequency during the pandemic included identifying as Chinese or as another non-Indigenous ethnic minority; experiencing current symptoms of depression or anxiety; having a history of suicidal planning or attempts; and feeling overwhelmed but unable to get help as a result of COVID-19. Older age was identified as a protective factor. Conclusions The general university student population in our study was relatively resilient with respect to suicidal ideation during the first three waves of the pandemic, but trends indicate the possibility of delayed impact. Specific sub-populations were found to be at increased risk and should be considered for targeted support. Further analyses should be undertaken to continue monitoring suicidality trends throughout the remainder of the pandemic and beyond.
Behaviour of coal-fouled elastomeric polyurethane-stabilized ballast under cyclic loading
Authors: Hussaini Syed Khaja Karimullah , Gundavaram Dinesh 
Published: December 2022

The current study assesses the deformation and degradation behaviour of geogrid and elastomer-stabilized coal fouled ballast under cyclic loading with frequencies ( f) ranging from 15 to 35 Hz. Different percentages of coal were added to ballast to have void contamination index (VCI) in the range of 0–45%. Test results confirmed that the deformation and degradation behaviour of ballast was highly affected by the presence of coal fines. The elastomer-stabilized ballast (ESB) exhibited lower deformations and degradation when compared to geogrid-stabilized (GSB) and unstabilized ballast (USB). The effectiveness of geogrid/elastomer in arresting the spread of ballast along its depth is evaluated in terms of the stabilization efficiency factor ( S ef, cyc). The S ef, cyc of clean GSB is computed to be 0.107, whereas the S ef, cyc of clean ESB is 0.811. The S ef, cyc of GSB decreased significantly with the increase in VCI but in case of ESB the reduction is only marginal. Further, the resilient modulus ( M r) and damping ratio ( D) of ballast reduced due to coal fouling. The elastomer has significantly improved resilient modulus ( M r) and damping ratio ( D) of ballast when compared to GSB. Moreover, the extent of lateral and vertical deformations was found to be influenced by the interface shear strength as obtained under direct shear conditions. In addition, empirical models were developed to predict deformation, breakage and resilient modulus of ballast as functions of loading frequencies and VCI.
Barriers and Facilitators to Breast Cancer Screening for Women With Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Linz Sheila , Jerome-D’Emilia Bonnie 
Published: December 2022

Background: Women with severe mental illness (SMI) are diagnosed with breast cancer at later stages, with greater mortality rates than the general population. Although breast cancer screening is an acknowledged strategy for early breast cancer detection, women with SMI are 32% to 50% less likely to have regular mammography screenings, yet the specific factors related to the disparity in this population have not been determined. Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify the barriers and facilitators toward breast cancer screening in women diagnosed with SMI. Method: In collaboration with a community-based mental health services agency, women aged 40 and older, diagnosed with SMI, and treated at that agency, were identified and asked if they were willing to participate. Fifteen women agreed to be interviewed. An interpretive descriptive approach was utilized to analyze the qualitative data. Results: The themes elicited included barriers and facilitators to screening. Barriers found were: Psychiatric Symptoms, Fear, Distrust in the Health care System, and Not my Priority. Among the facilitators were Support, Good Health care Experiences, Make it Easy, Integrated Care, and Self-Care. Conclusion: Unique to this study was the understanding by participants that physical health needed to be integrated into their mental health care services through direct support and education, primarily because the process of recovery from mental illness itself entailed the increasing ability for self-care, encompassing a focus on both mental and physical health needs and preventive care.
Experimental investigation of the laminar boundary layer vortex-shedding noise by an airfoil within a closed-vein wind tunnel
Authors: Redonnet Stéphane , Schmidt Thomas G 
Published: December 2022

This study concerns the experimental characterization of trailing edge noise, the understanding of which is crucial for mitigating acoustic pollution across major industries. An aeroacoustic experiment is carried out using a closed-vein wind tunnel to investigate the laminar boundary layer vortex-shedding (LBL-VS) noise of a symmetric NACA0021 airfoil in low Reynolds number flows (Re ≤ 163,500). Steady aerodynamic and acoustic measurements are performed, with numerous conditions covered (flow velocity from 10 m/s to 24.5 m/s, airfoil incidence from −10° to 10°). The aerodynamic results reveal that, in the pre-stall regime, the airfoil’ suction side exhibits both a laminar separation bubble (LSB) and a trailing edge detached flow – which both make LBL-VS noise likely to occur. The acoustic results reveal that, when at low speed and moderate incidence, the airfoil emits one to two tones, which can be both attributed to LBL-VS noise. In particular, their respective frequency is seen to scale as the 0.8th power of the flow velocity, whereas varying linearly with the incidence. At higher speeds, these two tones vanish to the profit of other, more intense tonal emissions, whose frequency does not scale with the velocity nor the incidence. These tones are attributed to resonance effects coming from a retroaction of the reverberant environment onto the LBL-VS noise emission, which then locks-on to some of the duct resonant frequencies via an acoustic feedback loop. Revealing indirectly the presence of the pre-existing LBL-VS noise, these resonant tones emerge only when the flow velocity and incidence obey specific conditions, namely a roughly linear relationship.