bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working with Children with Specific Communication Disorders. A Professional Development Programme for Teachers.
Authors: Cunningham Michele , Purdy Suzanne , Hand Linda 
Published: February 2022

Primary teacher training programmes in New Zealand do not provide training about specific communication disorders (SCDs), despite prevalence of SCDs of approximately 7%. This pilot study investigated the effectiveness of a three-hour professional development (PD) programme for a specialised group of primary teachers, Special Education Needs Coordinators (SENCOs), around working with children with SCDs in the classroom. Six SENCOs from different schools participated. Effectiveness was measured using a pre-test/post-test within-subjects design. Outcome measures were (1) a knowledge questionnaire and (2) a videoed interaction with a new-entrant child. SENCOs increased the specificity of responses to open questions and improved their scores on closed questions, with a significant improvement in knowledge about characteristics of the children. Eleven strategies were counted in the videoed interactions; seven improved and two deteriorated. SENCOs reported satisfaction with programme content and length. Additional research is recommended to further develop the PD programme into an effective resource for classroom teachers.
Nurturing an Invitational Approach to Professional Development.
Authors: Aydon-Pou Violet 
Published: February 2022

Resource Teachers: Learning and Behaviour (RTLB) are agents of change, charged with the responsibility to facilitate paradigm shift from traditional to inclusive models of educational theory and practice. With seven years experience in an RTLB role I have come to the realisation that if there is congruence between a practitioner’s value and belief system and the ethos that underpins inclusive pedagogy, the journey of change will likely be a seamless one. When there is incongruence the journey is quite often a much more difficult one; however, if successful, in terms of achieving paradigm shift, is a journey worth sharing with others.
AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN READING COMPREHENSION AT SMA NEGERI 4 PEMATANGSIANTAR
Authors: Siahaan Dita Agnes , Simatupang Feby Valent , Sianipar Taruli Florenza , Damanik Trimasara 
Published: February 2022

There are four English skills that must be mastered by every student, reading is one of the most important skills to learn and master because through reading activities students can absorb the information the author wants to convey through reading texts. Reading is not just the ability to say words or sentences, but must be able to interpret the essence of the text. But in reality, students are less able to process, understand, and absorb information from what they have read. This research used qualitative data. This research was conducted on students of X PMIA 7 Students of SMA Negeri 4 Pematangsiantar in January 2022. The reason the researcher chose this class as the research subject was because they were detected as having difficulty in reading comprehension. The technique of collecting the data were interviews. The result of the research showed that some difficulties that studet’s faced in reading comprehension were difficult to understand the meaning of word, difficult to understand long sentence, difficult to determining the main idea, difficult to understand the grammar, difficult in inferencing.
Effects of drawing instructions and strategic knowledge on mathematical modeling performance: Mediated by the use of the drawing strategy
Authors: Rellensmann Johanna , Schukajlow Stanislaw , Blomberg Judith , Leopold Claudia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMaking drawings can help students avoid and overcome difficulties they encounter when solving real‐world (or modeling) problems. However, many students do not make drawings spontaneously. In the present study, 132 students in Grades 9 and 10 were randomly assigned to the experimental conditions “with situational or mathematical drawing instructions” or to the control condition “without drawing instructions.” Multilevel path analyses showed that mathematical drawing instructions had a positive total effect on performance, and the effect was transmitted via the use of drawings. Also, strategic knowledge about drawing had a positive total effect on performance via the use of drawings. Further, strategic knowledge about drawing moderated the effect of mathematical drawing instructions on students' use of drawings. An in‐depth analysis of an exemplary modeling problem provided us with additional hypotheses about how drawing instructions and the use of drawings affect modeling performance on the problem level.
Backbone Configuration and Electronic Property Tuning of Imide‐Functionalized Ladder‐Type Heteroarenes‐Based Polymer Acceptors for Efficient All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Bin , Wang Yingfeng , Sun Huiliang , Gámez‐Valenzuela Sergio , Yan Zhenglong , Feng Kui , Uddin Mohammad Afsar , Koh Changwoo , Zhou Xin , López Navarrete Juan Teodomiro , Ruiz Delgado María Carmen , Meng Hong , Niu Li , Woo Han Young , Ponce Ortiz Rocío , Guo Xugang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractElectron‐deficient ladder‐type π‐conjugated systems are highly desired for constructing polymer acceptors due to their unique electronic properties. Herein, two series of polymer acceptors PBTIn‐(F)T (n = 1–4) based on imide‐functionalized ladder‐type heteroarenes (BTIn) with tunable conjugation length are synthesized. Effects of their backbone configuration and electronic properties on film morphology and performance of all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) are systematically investigated through theoretical computation, Raman spectroscopy, grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, etc. It is found that the ladder‐type heteroarene size extension and polymer backbone fluorination gradually lower the frontier molecular orbital energy levels, leading to progressive bandgap narrowing with more efficient exciton dissociation. Furthermore, the centrosymmetric and axisymmetric characteristics of BTIn result in distinct backbone configuration with varied self‐aggregation and crystalline phases, hence determining the blend film morphology. The highest efficiencies in these two series are attained from PBTI3‐T and PBTI3‐FT with a curved backbone configuration. PBTI4‐(F)T with further extended heteroarenes shows linear backbone, negatively affecting film morphology and efficiency. This study provides fundamental material structure‐device performance correlations for ladder‐type heteroarenes‐based polymer acceptors for the first time and demonstrates that more extended ladder‐type backbones do not necessarily improve the device performance, offering guidelines for designing polymer acceptors to maximize all‐PSC performance.
Human Protein‐Based Porous Scaffolds as Platforms for Xeno‐Free 3D Cell Culture
Authors: Santos Sara C. , Custódio Catarina A. , Mano João F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExtracellular matrix and protein‐based biomaterials emerge as attractive sources to produce scaffolds due to their great properties regarding biocompatibility and bioactivity. In addition, there are concerns regarding the use of animal‐derived supplements in cell culture not only due to the risk of transmission of xenogeneic contaminants and antigens but also due to ethical issues associated with collection methods. Herein, a novel human protein‐derived porous scaffold produced from platelet lysates (PL) as platform for xeno‐free 3D cell culture has been proposed. Human PL are chemically modified with methacryloyl groups (PLMA) to make them photocrosslinkable and used as precursor material to produce PLMA‐based sponges. The herein reported human‐based sponges have highly tunable morphology and mechanical properties, with an internal porous structure and Young's modulus dependent on the concentration of the polymer. Human adipose‐derived stem cells (hASCs) are cultured on top of PLMA sponges to validate their use for 3D cell culture in xeno‐free conditions. After 14 days hASCs remained viable, and results show that cells are able to proliferate during time even in the absence of animal‐derived supplementation. This study reveals for the first time that such scaffolds can be promising platforms for culture of human cells avoiding the use of any animal‐derived supplement.
Macroscale Conjugated Microporous Polymers: Controlling Versatile Functionalities Over Several Dimensions
Authors: Zhang Weiyi , Zuo Hongyu , Cheng Zhonghua , Shi Yu , Guo Zhengjun , Meng Nan , Thomas Arne , Liao Yaozu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSince discovered in 2007, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have been developed for numerous applications including gas adsorption, sensing, organic and photoredox catalysis, energy storage, etc. While featuring abundant micropores, the structural rigidity derived from CMPs’ stable π‐conjugated skeleton leads to insolubility and thus poor processability, which severely limits their applicability, e.g., in CMP‐based devices. Hence, the development of CMPs whose structure can not only be controlled on the micro‐ but also on the macroscale have attracted tremendous interest. In conventional synthesis procedures, CMPs are obtained as powders, but in recent years various bottom‐up synthesis strategies have been developed, which yield CMPs as thin films on substrates or as hybrid materials, allowing to span length scales from individual conjugated monomers to micro‐/macrostructures. This review surveys recent advances on the construction of CMPs into macroscale structures, including membranes, films, aerogels, sponges, and other architectures. The focus is to describe the underlying fabrication techniques and the implications which follow from the macroscale morphologies, involving new chemistry and physics in such materials for applications like molecular separation/filtration/adsorption, energy storage and conversion, photothermal transformation, sensing, or catalysis.
Reversible Pressure‐Dependent Mechanochromism of Dion–Jacobson and Ruddlesden–Popper Layered Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Muscarella Loreta A. , Dučinskas Algirdas , Dankl Mathias , Andrzejewski Michał , Casati Nicola Pietro Maria , Rothlisberger Ursula , Maier Joachim , Graetzel Michael , Ehrler Bruno , Milić Jovana V. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLayered Dion–Jacobson (DJ) and Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) hybrid perovskites are promising materials for optoelectronic applications due to their modular structure. To fully exploit their functionality, mechanical stimuli can be used to control their properties without changing the composition. However, the responsiveness of these systems to pressure compatible with practical applications (<1 GPa) remains unexploited. Hydrostatic pressure is used to investigate the structure–property relationships in representative iodide and bromide DJ and RP 2D perovskites based on 1,4‐phenylenedimethylammonium (PDMA) and benzylammonium (BzA) spacers in the 0–0.35 GPa pressure range. Pressure‐dependent X‐ray scattering measurements reveal that lattices of these compositions monotonically shrink and density functional theory calculations provide insights into the structural changes within the organic spacer layer. These structural changes affect the optical properties; the most significant shift in the optical absorption is observed in (BzA)2PbBr4 under 0.35 GPa pressure, which is attributed to an isostructural phase transition. Surprisingly, the RP and DJ perovskites behave similarly under pressure, despite the different binding modes of the spacer molecules. This study provides important insights into how the manipulation of the crystal structure affects the optoelectronic properties of such materials, whereas the reversibility of their response expands the perspectives for future applications.
In Situ Super‐Resolution Imaging of Organoids and Extracellular Matrix Interactions via Phototransfer by Allyl Sulfide Exchange‐Expansion Microscopy (PhASE‐ExM)
Authors: Blatchley Michael R. , Günay Kemal Arda , Yavitt F. Max , Hawat Elijah M. , Dempsey Peter J. , Anseth Kristi S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract3D organoid models have recently seen a boom in popularity, as they can better recapitulate the complexity of multicellular organs compared to other in vitro culture systems. However, organoids are difficult to image because of the limited penetration depth of high‐resolution microscopes and depth‐dependent light attenuation, which can limit the understanding of signal transduction pathways and characterization of intimate cell‐extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. To overcome these challenges, phototransfer by allyl sulfide exchange‐expansion microscopy (PhASE‐ExM) is developed, enabling optical clearance and super‐resolution imaging of organoids and their ECM in 3D. PhASE‐ExM uses hydrogels prepared via photoinitiated polymerization, which is advantageous as it decouples monomer diffusion into thick organoid cultures from the hydrogel fabrication. Apart from compatibility with organoids cultured in Matrigel, PhASE‐ExM enables 3.25× expansion and super‐resolution imaging of organoids cultured in synthetic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels crosslinked via allyl‐sulfide groups (PEG‐AlS) through simultaneous photopolymerization and radical‐mediated chain‐transfer reactions that complete in <70 s. Further, PEG‐AlS hydrogels can be in situ softened to promote organoid crypt formation, providing a super‐resolution imaging platform both for pre‐ and post‐differentiated organoids. Overall, PhASE‐ExM is a useful tool to decipher organoid behavior by enabling sub‐micrometer scale, 3D visualization of proteins and signal transduction pathways.
Multifunctional Textiles Enabled by Simultaneous Interaction with Infrared and Microwave Electromagnetic Waves
Authors: Wang Jie , Hu Qiao , Huang Jinhua , Li Jia , Lu Yuehui , Liang Tongxiang , Shen Bin , Zheng Wenge , Song Weijie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConventional textiles keep the body warm and provide an aesthetic appearance for human beings, while they are insufficient for military and civil applications in harsh environments. Multifunctional textiles that are capable of creating infrared (IR) camouflage, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and personal warming by interacting with both IR and microwave electromagnetic waves (EMWs) are developed. The inorganic–organic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/Ag/PTFE (IO‐PAP) building blocks are deposited on the polyurethane (PU)‐coated textiles using an eco‐friendly magnetron sputtering technique, where a smooth and durable Ag layer is grown, circumventing the large roughness and less connection between fibers in conventional textiles. Using the IO‐PAP building blocks, the ultralow IR emissivity and the ultrahigh microwave reflectance are achieved for effective IR camouflage and EMI shielding, respectively, together with satisfactory mechanical robustness. The EMI shielding effectiveness is further improved to 73 dB through employing a Fabry–Pérot‐based double‐sided PAP (D‐PAP) architecture. The D‐PAP‐coated textiles also exhibit personal warming, increasing the skin temperature by 2.7 °C compared with conventional cotton through reflecting thermal radiation of human bodies and mitigating radiative heat loss from textiles. This work will inspire the ultra‐band EMW engineering of textiles for realizing advanced functionalities in a way of eco‐friendly and scalable manufacture.
Recent Progress and Challenges in Plasmon‐Mediated Reduction of CO2 to Chemicals and Fuels
Authors: Mittal Diksha , Ahlawat Monika , Govind Rao Vishal 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe realization of the strong interaction of plasmonic nanostructures with electromagnetic radiation, subdiffraction‐limit field localization, and unusually high field enhancement enables immense opportunities to harness visible light in the field of photocatalysis. Plasmon‐induced energetic charge carriers allow the metal nanostructures to catalyze surface reactions with selective pathways that are rather a holy grail of thermal catalysis. An intriguing application of plasmonic photocatalysis includes sequestration of atmospheric CO2 by its conversion into value‐added chemical fuels, thus mimicking the process of natural photosynthesis and addressing the problem of rising global warming and energy demands. In this regard, plasmonic photocatalysts circumvent the fallacy of conventional semiconductor photocatalysts to harvest visible light and modulate the CO2 reduction reaction pathways to attain selectivity. This review discusses the primary concepts of plasmonic catalysis, emphasizing the recent developments to tackle the obstacles present in achieving efficient and selective CO2 reduction by exploring various multicomponent plasmonic nanostructures that can extract maximum energy to perform a function. Some of the challenges that need more attention to optimize productivity are addressed and an outlook for future avenues in this field is provided.
2,7‐Substituted N‐Carbazole Donors on Tris(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)methyl Radicals with High Quantum Yield
Authors: Chen Lisa , Arnold Mona , Kittel Yonca , Blinder Rémi , Jelezko Fedor , Kuehne Alexander J. C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDoublet spin properties of organic open‐shell luminophores evade the formation of dark triplet states, thus making radicals favorable emitters for next generation organic light‐emitting diodes. However, their poor photostability and mediocre photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) limit their application. In this work, two series of trityl radicals functionalized with one, two, and three 2,7‐disubstituted carbazole units are presented. The authors either attach nitriles or bromines as electron‐withdrawing 2,7‐substituents. The resulting radical emitters exhibit outstanding optical properties. The electron‐withdrawing properties of the substituents lead to a blue‐shift of the emission, indicating a starting point for future emission engineering into the green spectrum. Due to the 2,7‐substitution of the carbazole moiety, the radical emitters are sterically more hindered than the commonly used 3,6‐substituted carbazoles. This steric hindrance reduces non‐radiative decay pathways in the molecules, enhancing photostability and pushing PLQYs up to 87%. Quantum mechanical calculations elucidate the influence of the electron withdrawing substituents on the optical performance of the open‐shell molecules. The authors also show that intensity borrowing from higher lying locally excited states contributes to these exceptionally high PLQYs.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Regioselective C−H Annulation and Alkenylation of 2‐Pyridones with Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Li Jiajie , Xu Xin , Luo Zhenli , Yao Zhen , Yang Ji , Zhang Xin , Xu Lijin , Wang Peng , Shi Qian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCp*Rh(III)‐catalyzed regioselective C−H annulation and alkenylation of 2‐pyridones with terminal alkynes have been developed. The cationic Cp*Rh(III) catalytic system containing FeCl3 additive enables annulation of 1‐(2‐pyridyl)‐2‐pyridones with terminal alkynes, providing efficient access to 5,7‐diarylated 2‐quinolinones. The reaction pathway can be switched to alkenylation with [Cp*RhCl2]2 as the catalyst, NaOAc as the additive and HOAc as the solvent, affording C6‐alkenylated 1‐(2‐pyridyl)‐2‐pyridones in high yields. These protocols accommodate a wide range of substrates with good functional group compatibility.magnified image
Gold‐ and Brønsted Acid‐Catalysed Deacyloxylative Cycloaromatisation of 1,6‐Diyne Esters to 11H‐Benzo[a]fluorenes and 13H‐Indeno[1,2‐l]phenanthrenes
Authors: Baratay Corentin Antoine , Li Wenhai , Mathiew Mitch , Yu Lei , Kyne Sara Helen , Rao Weidong , Chan Philip Wai Hong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA synthetic method to prepare 11H‐benzo[a]fluorenes and 13H‐indeno[1,2‐l]phenanthrenes that relies on the gold(I)‐ and Brønsted acid‐mediated deacyloxylative cycloaromatisation of 1,6‐diyne esters under reaction conditions that did not require the exclusion of moisture or air is described. The reaction mechanism was delineated to involve an initial gold(I)‐catalysed 1,2‐acyloxy migration and 5‐exo‐trig cyclisation pathway. This was followed by 1,5‐enyne rearrangement and Brønsted acid‐assisted deacyloxylative aromatisation to give the polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) product.magnified image
Effective Combination Immunotherapy through Vessel Normalization Using a Cancer‐Targeting Antiangiogenic Peptide–Antibody Hybrid
Authors: Yu Byeongjun , Yoo Dohyun , Kim Ki Hyun , Kim Tae Woo , Park Seho , Kim Yujin , Son Youngju , Kim Jinjoo , Noh Ilkoo , Whang Chang‐Hee , Chung Junho , Jon Sangyong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough cancer immunotherapy using immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has changed the paradigm for treating patients with certain cancers, its therapeutic benefits are limited to approximately one‐fourth of patients, highlighting the potential for combining immunotherapy with another therapeutic modality. Here, a treatment regimen that combines a cancer‐targeting antiangiogenic agent that inhibits angiogenesis within the tumor and ICB to improve therapeutic outcome is reported. The cancer‐targeting antiangiogenic modality is constructed as a hybrid complex, designated HyPEPEDB‐VEGF, comprising a cotinine‐labeled bispecific peptide targeting both extra domain B of fibronectin (EDB) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and an anticotinine antibody (Abcot). The resulting HyPEPEDB‐VEGF specifically bound to EDB‐overexpressing CT26 murine colorectal cancer cells and inhibited VEGF‐induced proliferation of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. Upon intraperitoneal injection, HyPEPEDB‐VEGF preferentially accumulates in CT26 syngeneic tumors and inhibits tumor growth in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, the combination of HyPEPEDB‐VEGF with an anti‐PD‐1 antibody (αPD‐1) in conjunction with dose optimization of the two modalities leads to substantial inhibition of tumor growth without loss of body weight due to vascular normalization within the tumor. These findings suggest that the combination of cancer‐specific antiangiogenic therapy using HyPEPEDB‐VEGF together with ICB may be a feasible approach for effective cancer therapy.
YAP Dictates Mitochondrial Redox Homeostasis to Facilitate Obesity‐Associated Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Dai Jia‐Zih , Wang Yen‐Ju , Chen Cheng‐Hsun , Tsai I‐Lin , Chao Yi‐Chun , Lin Cheng‐Wei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDysregulation of hormones is considered a risk factor for obesity‐mediated breast tumorigenesis; however, obesity is associated with poor outcomes among women diagnosed with triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is a hormone‐independent breast cancer subtype. Thus, identifying the driving force behind the obesity‐breast cancer relationship is an urgent need. Here it is identified that diet‐induced obesity (DIO) facilitates tumorigenesis of TNBC cells. Mechanistically, DIO induces a metabolic addiction to fatty acid oxidation (FAO), accompanied by coordinated activation of Yes‐associated protein (YAP) signaling. Specifically, YAP governs mitochondrial redox homeostasis via transcriptional regulation of antioxidant‐related enzymes, which renders tumor cells capable of extenuating FAO‐elicited mitochondrial oxidative stress. Moreover, adipocytes‐derived fatty acids are identified to be responsible for enhancing the FAO‐YAP axis and antioxidative capacity, and higher expression of an obesity signature in breast cancer patients is positively correlated with YAP signaling and antioxidant genes. The findings uncover the crucial role of YAP in dictating mitochondrial redox homeostasis for obesity‐mediated metabolic adaptation and breast tumor progression.