bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of circuit oscillation generated by underwater high voltage pulse discharges based on pulse power thyristor
Authors: YU Yingbo , KANG Zhongjian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
High voltage fracturing technology was widely used in the field of reservoir reconstruction due to its advantages of being clean, pollution-free, and high-efficiency. However, high-frequency circuit oscillation occurs during the underwater high voltage pulse discharge process, which brings security risks to the stability of the pulse fracturing system. In order to solve this problem, an underwater pulse power discharge system was established, the circuit oscillation generation conditions were analyzed and the circuit oscillation suppression method was proposed. Firstly, the system structure was introduced and the charging model of the energy storage capacitor was established by the state space average method. Next, the electrode high-voltage breakdown model was established through COMSOL software, the electrode breakdown process was analyzed according to the electron density distribution image, and the plasma channel impedance was estimated based on the conductivity simulation results. Then the underwater pulse power discharge process and the circuit oscillation generation condition were analyzed, and the circuit oscillation suppression strategy of using the thyristor to replace the gas spark switch was proposed. Finally, laboratory experiments were carried out to verify the precision of the theoretical model and the suppression effect of circuit oscillation. The experimental results show that the voltage variation of the energy storage capacitor, the impedance change of the pulse power discharge process, and the equivalent circuit in each discharge stage were consistent with the theoretical model. The proposed oscillation suppression strategy cannot only prevent the damage caused by circuit oscillation but also reduce the damping oscillation time by 77.1%, which can greatly improve the stability of the system. This research has potential application value in the field of underwater pulse power discharge for reservoir reconstruction.
Degradation of antibiotic contaminants from water by gas–liquid underwater discharge plasma
Authors: LU Fu , ZHOU Jian , WU Zhengwei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Antibiotic contamination adversely affects human health and ecological balance. In this study, gas–liquid underwater discharge plasma was employed to simultaneously degrade three antibiotics, sulfadiazine (SDZ), tetracycline (TC), and norfloxacin (NOR), to address the growing problem of antibiotic contaminants in water. The effects of various parameters on the antibiotic degradation efficiency were evaluated, including the discharge gas type and flow rate, the initial concentration and pH of the solution, and the discharge voltage. Under the optimum parameter configuration, the average removal rate of the three antibiotics was 54.0% and the energy yield was 8.9 g (kW·h)−1 after 5 min treatment; the removal efficiency was 96.5% and the corresponding energy yield was 4.0 g (kW·h)−1 after 20 min treatment. Reactive substance capture and determination experiments indicated that ·OH and O3 played a vital role in the decomposition of SDZ and NOR, but the role of reactive substances in TC degradation was relatively less significant.
Assessing appropriate panel size and optimization of quality metrics for ambulatory care pharmacists in the primary care setting
Authors: Ozbay Nimet , King Benjamin S , Gothard M David , King Cynthia A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Chronic disease state management utilizing pharmacists improves quality metrics, allows providers to focus on acute issues, and decreases physician burnout risk. Minimal data exist on pharmacist panel size and its impact. This study aimed to determine appropriate pharmacist panel size based on workload, quality metrics, and patient access.

Methods
This study was a retrospective, multiclinic cohort analysis of patients with diabetes managed by pharmacists at 7 outpatient clinics. The primary objective calculated panel size per full-time equivalent (FTE) utilizing the National Health Interview Survey. Secondary objectives calculated the ideal FTE based on provider to pharmacist ratio and determined the impact of pharmacist panel size on patient access and quality metrics.

Results
A total of 4,399 patients were analyzed from 2017 through 2019, with age (range, 57.4 to 62.6 years), sex (52.5% to 63.5% female), race (41.2% to 93.7% African American), insurance type (13.3% to 41% Medicaid), and mean number of medications (13.1 to 20.3) significantly different between sites. Primary outcome results showed that actual panel sizes were less than calculated. However, secondary outcomes indicated that each site was understaffed (actual 0.2 to 0.5 FTE vs calculated 2.52 to 7.34 FTEs) and overbooked (95% to 122% capacity, 17 to 54.2 days for time to third next available appointment). Patients met the composite quality metric 35.1% to 56.3% of the time across sites.

Conclusion
This study supports the use of patient access data to determine appropriate pharmacist panel size. Utilizing provider panel size to pharmacist ratio and time to third next available appointment is preferable for determining appropriate pharmacist panel size. Further research is needed to evaluate return times to help determine an ideal pharmacist panel size.
BMPR1A promotes ID2–ZEB1 interaction to suppress excessive endothelial to mesenchymal transition
Authors: Lee Heon-Woo , Adachi Takaomi , Pak Boryeong , Park Saejeong , Hu Xiaoyue , Choi Woosoung , Kowalski Piotr S , Chang C Hong , Clapham Katharine R , Lee Aram , Papangeli Irinna , Kim Jongmin , Han Orjin , Park Jihwan , Anderson Daniel G , Simons Michael , Jin Suk-Won , Chun Hyung J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Aims
Components of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling have been implicated in both pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). In particular, the importance of BMP type 2 receptor in these processes has been extensively analysed. However, the contribution of BMP type 1 receptors (BMPR1s) to the onset of PAH and EndoMT remains poorly understood. BMPR1A, one of BMPR1s, was recently implicated in the pathogenesis of PAH, and was found to be down-regulated in the lungs of PAH patients, neither the downstream mechanism nor its contribution to EndoMT has been described. Therefore, we aim to delineate the role of endothelial BMPR1A in modulating EndoMT and pathogenesis of PAH.

Methods and results
We find that BMPR1A knockdown in endothelial cells (ECs) induces hallmarks of EndoMT, and deletion of endothelial Bmpr1a in adult mice (Bmpr1aiECKO) leads to development of PAH-like symptoms due to excessive EndoMT. By lineage tracing, we show that endothelial-derived smooth muscle cells are increased in endothelial Bmpr1a-deleted mice. Mechanistically, we identify ZEB1 as a primary target for BMPR1A in this setting; upon BMPR1A activation, ID2 physically interacts and sequesters ZEB1 to attenuate transcription of Tgfbr2, which in turn lowers the responses of ECs towards transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) stimulation and prevents excessive EndoMT. In Bmpr1aiECKO mice, administering endothelial targeting lipid nanoparticles containing siRNA against Tgfbr2 effectively ameliorate PAH, reiterating the importance of BMPR1A-ID2/ZEB1-TGFBR2 axis in modulating progression of EndoMT and pathogenesis of PAH.

Conclusions
We demonstrate that BMPR1A is key to maintain endothelial identity and to prevent excessive EndoMT. We identify BMPR1A-induced interaction between ID2 and ZEB1 is the key regulatory step for onset of EndoMT and pathogenesis of PAH. Our findings indicate that BMPR1A-ID2/ZEB1-TGFBR2 signalling axis could serve as a potential novel therapeutic target for PAH and other EndoMT-related vascular disorders.
Lithoautotrophic lifestyle of the widespread genusRoseovariusrevealed by physiological and genomic characterization ofRoseovarius autotrophicussp. nov
Authors: Slobodkina Galina , Ratnikova Nataliya , Merkel Alexander , Kevbrin Vadim , Kuchierskaya Alexandra , Slobodkin Alexander 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe genus Roseovarius, a member of the ecologically important Roseobacter-clade, is widespread throughout the world. A facultatively anaerobic lithoautotrophic bacterium (strain SHN287T), belonging to the genus Roseovarius, was isolated with molecular hydrogen as an electron donor and nitrate as an electron acceptor from a terrestrial mud volcano. Strain SHN287T possessed metabolic features not reported for Roseovarius such as chemolithoautotrophic growth with oxidation of molecular hydrogen or sulfur compounds, anaerobic growth and denitrification. Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, the new isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Roseovarius, for which the name Roseovarius autotrophicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SHN287T (= KCTC 15916T = VKM B-3404T). An amended description of the genus Roseovarius is provided. Comparison of 46 Roseovarius genomes revealed that (i) a full set of genes for the Calvin-Benson cycle is present only in two strains: SHN287T and Roseovarius salinarum; (ii) respiratory H2-uptake [NiFe] hydrogenases are specific for a phylogenetically distinct group, including SHN287T-related strains; (iii) the Sox enzymatic complex is encoded in most of the studied genomes; and (iv) denitrification genes are widespread and randomly distributed among the genus. The metabolic characteristics found in R. autotrophicus sp. nov. expand the ecological role of the genus Roseovarius.
Medication Regimen Complexity and Risk of Bleeding in People Who Initiate Oral Anticoagulants for Atrial Fibrillation: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Chen Esa Y H , Zhao Jiaxi , Ilomäki Jenni , Sluggett Janet K , Bell J Simon , Wimmer Barbara C , Hilmer Sarah N , Blais Joseph E , Wong Ian C K , Chan Esther W 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundOral anticoagulants (OACs) are high-risk medications often used in older people with complex medication regimens. This study was the first to assess the association between overall regimen complexity and bleeding in people with atrial fibrillation (AF) initiating OACs.MethodsPatients diagnosed with AF who initiated an OAC (warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban) between 2010 and 2016 were identified from the Hong Kong Clinical Database and Reporting System. Each patient’s Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI) score was computed. Baseline characteristics were balanced using inverse probability of treatment weighting. People were followed until a first hospitalization for bleeding (intracranial hemorrhage, gastrointestinal bleeding, or other bleeding) and censored at discontinuation of the index OAC, death, or end of the follow-up period, whichever occurred first. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) between MRCI quartiles and bleeding during initiation and all follow-up.ResultsThere were 19 292 OAC initiators (n = 9 092 warfarin, n = 10 200 direct oral anticoagulants) with a mean (standard deviation) age at initiation of 73.9 (11.0) years. More complex medication regimens were associated with an increased risk of bleeding (MRCI &gt; 14.0–22.00: aHR 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93–1.49; MRCI &gt; 22.0–32.5: aHR 1.32, 95%CI 1.06–1.66; MRCI &gt; 32.5: aHR 1.45, 95%CI 1.13–1.87, compared to MRCI ≤ 14). No significant association between MRCI and bleeding risk was observed during the initial 30, 60, or 90 days of treatment.ConclusionIn this cohort study of people with AF initiating an OAC, a more complex medication regimen was associated with higher bleeding risk over periods longer than 90 days. Further prospective studies are needed to assess whether MRCI should be considered in OAC prescribing.
The Impact of Disease Activity on Sexual and Erectile Dysfunction in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Mules Thomas C , Swaminathan Akhilesh , Hirschfeld Esther , Borichevsky Grace M , Frampton Chris M , Day Andrew S , Gearry Richard B 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Increased disease activity may be a risk factor for sexual dysfunction (SD) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study investigated associations between objective measures of disease activity and sexual function.

Methods
Adults with IBD undergoing ileocolonoscopy were prospectively recruited. Demographic, sexual function (Female Sexual Function Index and International Index of Erectile Function), disease activity (endoscopic, biomarker, and symptoms), psychological symptoms, and quality-of-life data were collected. Rates of SD and erectile dysfunction (ED) were compared between patients with active and inactive inflammation and symptoms using the Fisher’s exact test. Logistic regression examined associations between SD and ED, and disease characteristics and psychological symptoms.

Results
A total of 159 participants were included, 97 had Crohn’s disease and 85 were women. SD was reported in 36 of 59 and 13 of 59 sexually active women and men, respectively and ED in 22 of 59 sexually active men. Rates of SD and ED were similar between individuals with active and inactive IBD based on endoscopic indices (P &gt; .05) and biomarkers (P &gt; .05). Women with active IBD symptoms experienced significantly higher rates of SD (P &lt; .05), but men did not (P &gt; .05). Multivariable logistic regression identified that symptoms of severe depression (odds ratio, 5.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.59-20.94) were associated with SD in women, and severe anxiety (odds ratio, 15.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.74-140.23) was associated with ED in men.

Conclusions
Objective measures of disease activity are not associated with SD or ED in patients with IBD. Clinicians should consider concomitant psychological symptoms contributing to the sexual health of patients with IBD.
Those Who Left/Are Left Behind: Schrödinger's Refugee and the Ethics of Complementarity
Authors: Fierke K M , Mackay Nicola 
Published: September 2022

Abstract“Those left behind” was a recurring emphasis of media depictions of the emotions surrounding the departure of those who left Afghanistan. The relationship between “those who left” and “those left behind,” which is characteristic of any context of forced displacement, relates to potentials, compelled by life and death questions. A decision to leave or stay is on the surface a binary choice, defined by the physical impossibility of doing both. The purpose of this paper is to explore how the ethical questions change when placed in a framework of quantum complementarity, by which phenomena, defined by what they are not, are also, in important respects, that which they are not, that is, the polar opposite. The first section develops Schrodinger's thought experiment and problematizes his focus on life and death as physical states of the cat, and the separateness of the observer, as a misrepresentation of the Copenhagen School arguments from which the thought experiment arose, and complementarity in particular. The second section examines the relationship between “those who left,” “those left behind,” and external observers in terms of a duality of matter and consciousness, which is complementary and mutually constituted. The third section examines the liminality that arises from a series of nested “boxes” and the various positions from which the forcefully displaced are observed within a holographic world. The final section then unpacks the ethical implications of quantum complementarity and ungrieved grief as they relate to forced displacement.
Molecular mechanism of negative cooperativity of ferredoxin-NADP + reductase by ferredoxin and NADP(H): role of the ion pair of ferredoxin Arg40 of and FNR Glu154
Authors: Kimata-Ariga Yoko , Nishimizu Yoshiro , Shinkoda Rina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR) in plants receives electrons from ferredoxin (Fd) and converts NADP+ to NADPH at the end of the photosynthetic electron transfer chain. We previously showed that the interaction between FNR and Fd was weakened by the allosteric binding of NADP(H) on FNR, which was considered as a part of negative cooperativity. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon using maize (Zea mays L.) FNR and Fd, as the 3D structure of this Fd:FNR complex is available. Site-specific mutants of several amino acid residues on the Fd:FNR interface were analysed for the effect on the negative cooperativity, by kinetic analysis of Fd:FNR electron transfer activity and by Fd-affinity chromatography. Mutations of Fd Arg40Gln and FNR Glu154Gln that disrupt one of the salt bridges in the Fd:FNR complex suppressed the negative cooperativity, indicating the involvement of the ion pair of Fd Arg40 and FNR Glu154 in the mechanism of the negative cooperativity. Unexpectedly, either mutation of Fd Arg40Gln or FNR Glu154Gln tends to increase the affinity between Fd and FNR, suggesting the role of this ion pair in the regulation of the Fd:FNR affinity by NADPH, rather than the stabilization of the Fd:FNR complex.
The Right to Water and Vulnerable Populations: Whose Voices are Heard in the UN CESCR Monitoring Mechanism?
Authors: Viveros-Uehara Thalia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCivil society has long demanded that human rights monitoring mechanisms be accessible not only for big international NGOs, but also for grassroots and domestic civil society organizations. Ensuring equal participation in these procedures has never been timelier as increasing socioeconomic inequalities widen the barriers for vulnerable populations to engage in transnational advocacy strategies. By using the right to water in the reviews that the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights has conducted to Argentina, Ecuador, and Uruguay as case studies, this article examines how receptive the monitoring mechanism has been to the voices of—and concerns related to—the most vulnerable sectors of society. Through a multi-methods research approach, the study first traces matches in language between alternative reports and the Committee’s lists of issues and concluding observations to identify which voices and claims the CESCR has effectively ‘heard’. It further draws on semi-structured interviews involving civil society actors and former and current members of the Committee. While the findings suggest that efforts for assuring equal weight to all voices are taking place at the CESCR monitoring mechanism, they also unveil how the Committee has overlooked claims when raised by only one alternative report—which have voiced the challenges experienced by groups with intersectional identities. Hence, this article’s contribution rests on the light it sheds on the opportunities and challenges that the Committee confronts to ensure equal participation and make the most vulnerable voices and concerns heard in its monitoring procedure.
First Detection of the Invasive Asian Longhorned Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) on Migratory Passerines in the Americas
Authors: Pandey Medha , Piedmonte Nicholas P , Vinci Vanessa C , Falco Richard C , Daniels Thomas J , Clark J Alan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Asian longhorned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann), native to East Asia, was first reported in the United States in 2017 and is now established in at least 17 states. Haemaphysalis longicornis feeds on birds in its range outside of the United States, and migratory birds disperse this tick and tick-borne pathogens. However, early studies in the United States did not find H. longicornis on migrating passerine birds. The transport of the parthenogenetic H. longicornis on birds has the potential to greatly expand its range. We report the first discovery of H. longicornis on migratory passerine birds in the Americas.
Risk assessment of the continuity of essential medications for low socioeconomic patients in Syria: a case study of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sahloul Lujain , Bouri Feras , Bsso Eman , Saleh Aya , Darwish Ebaa , Yaseen Lamiaa , Mustafa Ammar Muhamed , Hatahet Taher 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
During the past decade, the health system in Syria has been devastated due to the ongoing conflict which affected the production of pharmaceuticals as well. Patients of chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, were significantly affected by the shortages of oral anti-diabetic medications, especially those of lower socioeconomic status. The objective of this paper is to study the causes and effects of the shortage of oral anti-diabetic agents in the Syrian market on patients with low socioeconomic status who find difficulties in accessing these medications.

Methods
The methodology of the study includes determining the availability of nationally produced oral anti-diabetic agents in different local pharmacies. Then, it studied the effects of this availability on low socioeconomic status patients whose prescriptions were registered in a local NGO and analysed using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft, USA).

Key findings
The study shows that many of the anti-diabetic medications included in the study have less than 50% availability in the pharmacies. Metformin, which is considered as a first-line treatment in diabetes has 40% availability. In addition, metformin was the most prescribed medication with about 57% frequency followed by gliclazide with 37% prescription frequency.

Conclusion
This study raises concerns about the continuity of supply of some of the oral anti-diabetic agents in the Syrian market. This can impact patient commitment to treatment, where patients from low socioeconomic status can be most affected by medication unavailability in nearby pharmacies or increased pricing due to high demand with low supply.
The role of biodegradable temporizing matrix in the management of a patient with major burns and anorexia nervosa
Authors: Tan Poh , Shah Rushabh , Hassouna Tarek , Murphy Ralph , McNally Samantha 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Severe malnutrition secondary to anorexia nervosa results in deeper burns and significantly impacts wound healing, which represents a major challenge to burn management. The use of acellular dermal matrices, such as biodegradable temporizing matrix (BTM), is a valuable tool to overcome the surgical limitations. We describe a case of a 36-year-old female with a background of anorexia nervosa (body mass index of 12.3) presenting with a 30% total burns surface area (TBSA) burn. All of her burns were excised down to fascia due to the absence of subcutaneous fat. Her thin skin and depleted nutritional status significantly impacted reconstructive options. BTM was utilized to create a neodermis and provide adequate time to optimize the nutritional status before autologous skin resurfacing 3 weeks later, which yielded robust coverage with minimal donor site morbidity. Despite initial surgical and nutritional challenges, excellent outcomes were achieved in terms of wound healing, scar contractures and mobility.