bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction and Validation of a Lung Cancer Risk Prediction Model for Non-Smokers in China
Authors: Guo Lan-Wei , Lyu Zhang-Yan , Meng Qing-Cheng , Zheng Li-Yang , Chen Qiong , Liu Yin , Xu Hui-Fang , Kang Rui-Hua , Zhang Lu-Yao , Cao Xiao-Qin , Liu Shu-Zheng , Sun Xi-Bin , Zhang Jian-Gong , Zhang Shao-Kai 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundAbout 15% of lung cancers in men and 53% in women are not attributable to smoking worldwide. The aim was to develop and validate a simple and non-invasive model which could assess and stratify lung cancer risk in non-smokers in China.MethodsA large-sample size, population-based study was conducted under the framework of the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China (CanSPUC). Data on the lung cancer screening in Henan province, China, from October 2013 to October 2019 were used and randomly divided into the training and validation sets. Related risk factors were identified through multivariable Cox regression analysis, followed by establishment of risk prediction nomogram. Discrimination [area under the curve (AUC)] and calibration were further performed to assess the validation of risk prediction nomogram in the training set, and then validated by the validation set.ResultsA total of 214,764 eligible subjects were included, with a mean age of 55.19 years. Subjects were randomly divided into the training (107,382) and validation (107,382) sets. Elder age, being male, a low education level, family history of lung cancer, history of tuberculosis, and without a history of hyperlipidemia were the independent risk factors for lung cancer. Using these six variables, we plotted 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year lung cancer risk prediction nomogram. The AUC was 0.753, 0.752, and 0.755 for the 1-, 3- and 5-year lung cancer risk in the training set, respectively. In the validation set, the model showed a moderate predictive discrimination, with the AUC was 0.668, 0.678, and 0.685 for the 1-, 3- and 5-year lung cancer risk.ConclusionsWe developed and validated a simple and non-invasive lung cancer risk model in non-smokers. This model can be applied to identify and triage patients at high risk for developing lung cancers in non-smokers.
SDHA Germline Variants in Adult Patients With SDHA-Mutant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Authors: Pantaleo Maria A. , Urbini Milena , Schipani Angela , Nannini Margherita , Indio Valentina , De Leo Antonio , Vincenzi Bruno , Brunello Antonella , Grignani Giovanni , Casagrande Mariaelena , Fumagalli Elena , Conca Elena , Saponara Maristella , Gruppioni Elisa , Altimari Annalisa , De Biase Dario , Tallini Giovanni , Ravegnini Gloria , Turchetti Daniela , Seri Marco , Ardizzoni Andrea , Secchiero Paola , Astolfi Annalisa 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundSDH-deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) account for 20–40% of all KIT/PDGFRA-negative GIST and are due to mutations in one of the four SDH-complex subunits, with SDHA mutations as the most frequent. Here we sought to evaluate the presence and prevalence of SDHA variants in the germline lineage in a population of SDHA-deficient GIST.MethodsGermline SDHA status was assessed by Sanger sequencing on a series of 14 patients with gastric SDHA-deficient GIST.ResultsAll patients carried a germline SDHA pathogenic variant, ranging from truncating, missense, or splicing variants. The second hit was the loss of the wild-type allele or an additional somatic mutation. One-third of the patients were over 50 years old. GIST was the only disease presentation in all cases except one, with no personal or familial cancer history. Seven metastatic cases received a multimodal treatment integrating surgery, loco-regional and medical therapy. The mean follow-up time was of 10 years, confirming the indolent clinical course of the disease.ConclusionSDHA germline variants are highly frequent in SDHA-deficient GIST, and the disease may occur also in older adulthood. Genetic testing and surveillance of SDHA-mutation carriers and relatives should be performed.
Use of Physiologically-Based Kinetics Modelling to Reliably Predict Internal Concentrations of the UV Filter, Homosalate, After Repeated Oral and Topical Application
Authors: Najjar Abdulkarim , Schepky Andreas , Krueger Christopher-Tilman , Dent Matthew , Cable Sophie , Li Hequn , Grégoire Sebastien , Roussel Laurene , Noel-Voisin Audrey , Hewitt Nicola J. , Cardamone Estefania 
Published: January 2022

Ethical and legal considerations have led to increased use of non-animal methods to evaluate the safety of chemicals for human use. We describe the development and qualification of a physiologically-based kinetics (PBK) model for the cosmetic UV filter ingredient, homosalate, to support its safety without the need of generating further animal data. The intravenous (IV) rat PBK model, using PK-Sim®, was developed and validated using legacy in vivo data generated prior to the 2013 EU animal-testing ban. Input data included literature or predicted physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. The refined IV rat PBK model was subject to sensitivity analysis to identify homosalate-specific sensitive parameters impacting the prediction of Cmax (more sensitive than AUC(0-∞)). These were then considered, together with population modeling, to calculate the confidence interval (CI) 95% Cmax and AUC(0-∞). Final model parameters were established by visual inspection of the simulations and biological plausibility. The IV rat model was extrapolated to oral administration, and used to estimate internal exposures to doses tested in an oral repeated dose toxicity study. Next, a human PBK dermal model was developed using measured human in vitro ADME data and a module to represent the dermal route. Model performance was confirmed by comparing predicted and measured values from a US-FDA clinical trial (Identifier: NCT03582215, https://clinicaltrials.gov/). Final exposure estimations were obtained in a virtual population and considering the in vitro and input parameter uncertainty. This model was then used to estimate the Cmax and AUC(0–24 h) of homosalate according to consumer use in a sunscreen. The developed rat and human PBK models had a good biological basis and reproduced in vivo legacy rat and human clinical kinetics data. They also complied with the most recent WHO and OECD recommendations for assessing the confidence level. In conclusion, we have developed a PBK model which predicted reasonably well the internal exposure of homosalate according to different exposure scenarios with a medium to high level of confidence. In the absence of in vivo data, such human PBK models will be the heart of future completely non-animal risk assessments; therefore, valid approaches will be key in gaining their regulatory acceptance.Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier, NCT03582215
Motivations and Experiences of Volunteering Medical Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic—Results of a Survey in Germany
Authors: Büssing Arndt , Lindeberg Alexander , Stock-Schröer Beate , Martin David , Scheffer Christian , Bachmann Hagen S. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: During the first lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic, several medical students volunteered as assistants in hospitals, public health departments, and other healthcare services to support and substitute permanent staff. The underlying motivations to help are unclear. Therefore, we aimed to assess medical students' motivations and influencing variables such as perceived stress and burden, compassion, and indicators of spirituality.Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional survey (convenience sample) from May to June 2020, directly after the first lockdown, among medical students with standardized instruments. One of them is the 12-item Motivations to Help Scale (MtHS) which was designed to fit to the population of medical students.Results: Among the 731 completers, 52% were working as volunteers during the pandemic in different medical areas, most in hospitals and only a few in other areas (9% in public health departments, 6% in outpatient services), 37% would have liked to work but did not get an appropriate employment, and 21% did not intend to voluntarily support the hospital staff. Their mental burden during work was rather low, while they were somewhat affected by the personal fate of the patients. With respect to their motivations to volunteer as measured with the MtHS, Altruistic Intentions/Helping (Cronbach's alpha = 0.898) scored highest, followed by Practical Application/Learning (Cronbach's alpha = 0.808), while Role Testing/Recognition (Cronbach's alpha = 0.702) scored lowest. Those who volunteered had significantly higher scores for Altruistic Intentions/Helping and Practical Application/Learning, while the different phases of medical study (preclinical phase, clinical phase, and higher semester) had no influence on the extent of the students' motivation. The motivations to help were not at all or only marginally (inversely) related to indicators of stress and burden, while Altruistic Intentions/Helping was weakly related to affections by patients' fate.Conclusions: Medical students' intention to support healthcare professionals as supplementary assistants were both prosocial and proself motivated. With this opportunity to practically apply their current knowledge and to improve their skills and competences, volunteering students might be more motivated for their further studies and their future career as compassionate medical doctors.
Comparative and Phylogenetic Analysis of Complete Plastomes among Aristidoideae Species (Poaceae)
Authors: Guo Xiu-Xiu , Qu Xiao-Jian , Zhang Xue-Jie , Fan Shou-Jin 
Published: January 2022

Aristidoideae is a subfamily in the PACMAD clade of family Poaceae, including three genera, Aristida, Stipagrostis, and Sartidia. In this study, the plastomes of Aristida adscensionis and Stipagrostis pennata were newly sequenced, and a total of 16 Aristidoideae plastomes were compared. All plastomes were conservative in genome size, gene number, structure, and IR boundary. Repeat sequence analysis showed that forward and palindrome repeats were the most common repeat types. The number of SSRs ranged from 30 (Sartidia isaloensis) to 54 (Aristida purpurea). Codon usage analysis showed that plastome genes preferred to use codons ending with A/T. A total of 12 highly variable regions were screened, including four protein coding sequences (matK, ndhF, infA, and rpl32) and eight non-coding sequences (rpl16-1-rpl16-2, ccsA-ndhD, trnY-GUA-trnD-GUC, ndhF-rpl32, petN-trnC-GCA, trnT-GGU-trnE-UUC, trnG-GCC-trnfM-CAU, and rpl32-trnL-UAG). Furthermore, the phylogenetic position of this subfamily and their intergeneric relationships need to be illuminated. All Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference trees strongly support the monophyly of Aristidoideae and each of three genera, and the clade of Aristidoideae and Panicoideae was a sister to other subfamilies in the PACMAD clade. Within Aristidoideae, Aristida is a sister to the clade composed of Stipagrostis and Sartidia. The divergence between C4 Stipagrostis and C3 Sartidia was estimated at 11.04 Ma, which may be associated with the drought event in the Miocene period. Finally, the differences in carbon fixation patterns, geographical distributions, and ploidy may be related to the difference of species numbers among these three genera. This study provides insights into the phylogeny and evolution of the subfamily Aristidoideae.
Acompañamiento pedagógico y competencias docentes en el aprendizaje significativo en instituciones educativas públicas en Perú
Authors: Alberca Pintado Nancy Elizabeth , Concha Sánchez Eva Karina , Arraiza Alvarado José Javier , Neira Adrianzen Silvia Esperanza 
Published: January 2022

El estudio tuvo como objetivo comprobar si es que el acompañamiento pedagógico y competencias docentes tienen influencia en el aprendizaje significativo en las instituciones educativas del distrito de Lince. La investigación tiene un diseño no experimental, de tipo básico descriptivo. La población estuvo conformada por 101 docentes de secundaria, pertenecientes a instituciones educativas públicas de Lince, la muestra fue censal. Se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta para recolectar la información, utilizando tres fichas técnicas referentes a la evaluación de acompañamiento pedagógico, evaluación de competencias docentes y evaluación aprendizajes significativos con 18,16 y 19 ítems respectivamente, cada cuestionario tuvo una duración aproximada de 30 minutos. Según los resultados obtenidos para el índice de Nagelkerke se obtuvo 0,152 y una significancia de 0,002. Por lo que se concluye que el aprendizaje significativo en las instituciones educativas del distrito de Lince, se ve influido positivamente por las competencias docentes y el acompañamiento pedagógico.
Keteladanan Inggit Garnasih, Sang Pemilik Simbol Kesetiaan
Authors: Trianasari Intan , Ekawardhani Yully Ambarsih 
Published: January 2022

Inggit Garnasih memiliki peran besar dalam kehidupan Soekarno sebagai wanita yang telah mendedikasikan hidupnya untuk membantu kemerdekaan bangsa ini. Sebagai wanita yang lemah lembut Inggit Garnasih mampu membentuk karakter pasangan menjadi seseorang yang berpengaruh terhadap keluarga dan bangsanya. Pada dasarnya wanita mampu membantu pembentukan karakter yang sangat berpengaruh dalam kelangsungan seorang penerus bangsa. Hal ini menjadikan peran wanita harus lebih diperhatikan khususnya sebagai contoh kaum wanita saat ini yang membutuhkan sosok teladan sebagai panutan. Dalam kisah hidupnya Inggit Garnasih mengajarkan enam poin keteladanan yang mampu memberikan contoh baik, kepada generasi muda yang membutuhkan sosok wanita teladan sebagai panutan. Keenam peran inilah yang diangkat sebagaipoin keteladanan untuk menjadi contoh ketegaran dalam kehidupan wanita saat ini. Media informasi berupa novel romansa menjadi solusi untuk menjadi bahan renungan dan inspirasi. Karya ini diharapkan mampu mendorong wanita untuk memahami dan meneladani peran Inggit Garnasih sebagai sosok teladan dan mampu menerapkan poin tersebut dalam hidup bermasyarakat saat ini.
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, KEPEMILIKAN MANAJERIAL, DAN KEPEMILIKAN INSTITUSIONAL TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Widilestariningtyas Ony , Ahmad Ade Kurnia 
Published: January 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Profitabilitas, Kepemilikan Manajerial, Kepemilikan Institusional terhadap nilai perusahaan sektor Infrastruktur, Utilitas Dan Transportasi di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada periode 2016-2020.
Penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif dan verifikatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan sektor Infrastruktur, Utilitas Dan Transportasi di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada periode 2016-2020 yang berjumlah 78 perusahaan. Dengan pengambilan seambil menggunakan purposive sampling didapatkan sampel sebanyak 10 perusahaan yang mewakili dari sektor tersebut. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dokumentasi dari laporan keuangan tahunan yang dipublikasikanoleh perusahaan di website resmi Bursa Efek Indonesia yaitu www.idx.co.id. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda. Hasil pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Profitabilitas berpengaruh positif dan siginifikan terhadap Nilai Perusahaan; (2) Kepemilikan Manajerial berpengaruh positif dan siginifikan terhadap Nilai Perusahaan,; (3) Kepemilikan Institusional berpengaruh positif dan tidak siginifikan terhadap Nilai Perusahaan.
Análise do Mercado de Oncológicos e Novas Substância Ativas para o Tratamento do Câncer / Oncology Market Analysis and New Active Substances for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Viana Douglas Carvalho Francisco , Moura José Arion da Silva , Branco-Júnior Jeann Fabiann , Ramalho Eduardo Augusto V. de Freitas , Pitta Ivan da Rocha , Pitta Marina Galdino da Rocha 
Published: January 2022

O presente trabalho buscou analisar o comportamento do mercado farmacêutico de oncológicos e aspectos do planejamento de novos fármacos quimioterápicos para o tratamento do câncer aprovados pelo FDA no período 2015-2020. A análise do mercado de oncológicos demonstrou tendência de crescimento para os próximos anos e um aumento no lançamento de drogas órfãs. Foram analisadas 50 Novas Substâncias Ativas obtidas a partir de síntese química, observando o tipo de câncer, alvo terapêutico, grupos heterocíclicos e aderência às regras de Lipinski. O principal alvo dos novos oncológicos foram as quinases (especialmente com atuação em tirosina quinases) e os principais grupos heterocíclicos foram anéis nitrogenados, com prevalência de piridinas e pirimidinas. A avaliação das regras de Lipinski demonstrou que 19 substâncias violaram ao menos uma das regras de Lipinski e três substâncias violam duas regras. A análise dos novos fármacos oncológicos demonstra a importância do desenvolvimento dos quimioterápicos e dos grupamentos heterocíclicos com a presença de nitrogênios. O estudo também oferece insumos que contribuem para o planejamento e desenvolvimento de novas moléculas que ofereçam opções seguras e eficazes para o tratamento do câncer.
Características sociodemográficas e de trabalho do profissional da educação física de academia / Sociodemographic and work characteristics of the physical education professional in fitness centers
Authors: Jesus Leticia de , Fischer Frida Marina , Figueira Junior Aylton José , Tsukamoto Mariana Harumi Cruz , Andrade Douglas Roque 
Published: January 2022

Como objetivos foi identificado o perfil do profissional de Educação Fisica e o estilo de vida, utilizou-se de um levantamento bibliográfico e um questionário. Foram pesquisados 80 profissionais de Educação Física que atuam em academias da zona leste de São Paulo. A maioria dos profissionais era do sexo masculino e tinham em média de 33 anos; trabalhavam dois anos na academia onde foi realizada a pesquisa; 55% obtinham carteira e previdência social. Houve uma prevalência baixa de doenças e lesões. O pentáculo do bem-estar teve um resultado positivo para os indicadores de estilo de vida. É uma profissão recente no mercado, e um dos grandes desafios desta área é o processo de envelhecimento e o plano de carreira. Em média esses profissionais têm 2 empregos e dividem a rotina e seu tempo com outras atividades. Podemos concluir que os profissionais deste estudo são considerados jovens e fisicamente ativos, além de ter poucos problemas de saúde.
A percepção da alfabetização e do letramento científico nas ciências da natureza por alunos da educação básica, superior e professores no exercício da docência / The perception of literacy and scientific literacy in the natural sciences by students of basic and higher education and teachers in the exercise of teaching
Authors: Paniagua Cleiseano Emanuel da Silva , Soares Anelise dos Santos Mendonça , Santos Valdinei de Oliveira 
Published: January 2022

As ciências da natureza têm um papel de suma importância no processo de aquisição e domínio de conceitos e definições (Alfabetização Científica - AC) e que possibilita a reflexão e compreensão do contexto em que se insere (Letramento Científico - LC). Entretanto, a BNCC estabelece habilidades e competências a serem desenvolvidas pela área de ciências da natureza, não apresentando propostas para se obter êxito e nem sugerindo formas de se utilizar AC e LC como ferramentas facilitadoras no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Como consequência imediata, gera-se um problema cíclico e crônico tanto na educação básica, quanto no ensino superior nos cursos de licenciaturas e pós-graduação lato sensu nas áreas de ensino de ciências. Logo, o professor apresenta dificuldade na compreensão e distinção de AC e LC, bem como na contextualização de conhecimentos científicos. Diante disso, este trabalho proporcionará: i) uma ampla revisão dos conceitos de AC e LC apresentados por diferentes pesquisadores; ii) correlacionar a falta de sintonia entre as habilidades e competências que norteam o ensino de ciências da natureza no ensino médio presentes na BNCC; iii) apresentar diferentes trabalhos que investigaram formas de melhorar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem em biologia e química, tornando mais significativo e; iv) apresentar trabalhos que investigaram a falta de distinção e compreensão de AC e LC por parte tanto dos professores que já exercem a docência, quanto para os que se encontram em processo de formação.
Análise microbiológica e toxicológica dos extratos brutos secos da Bauhinia Variegata L (pata de vaca) / Microbiological and toxicological analysis of dried raw extracts of Bauhinia Variegata L (cow's foot)
Authors: Da Silva Caroliny Henrique Pereira , Silva Brenda Heloísa , Alves Gabriela Quirino , Silva Iran Alves da , Farias Pedro Arthur Martins , Santos Daniele de Oliveira , Silva Maria Dayane de Moura , Da Silva Tarcila Karinny Henrique , De Lima Fabrícia Morgana Teixeira , Silva Maria Clara Lima , Cordeiro Risonildo Pereira 
Published: January 2022

Introdução: O bioma caatinga compõe diversas plantas medicinais, as quais constituem uma das principais fontes terapêuticas para a população, e tem um potencial promissor na busca por novos fármacos. Uma das espécies mais utilizadas é a Bauhinia variegata, principalmente devido a sua propriedade hipoglicemiante. No entanto, é necessário que haja maior investigação acerca das suas características, potenciais terapêuticos e toxicológicos. Objetivo: Realizar um estudo de investigação microbiológica e toxicológica dos extratos brutos secos da parte aérea da B. variegata L. (pata de vaca) para banco de dados. Metodologia: O presente estudo foi realizado nos laboratórios de um Centro Universitário no agreste de Pernambuco-PE, tendo delineamento do tipo laboratorial experimental, onde a atividade antimicrobiana da B. variegata, frente a microrganismos patogênicos, bem como seu potencial toxicológico agudo foi testado. Resultados e discussão: Houve um baixo número de mortes em todas as concentrações testadas da amostra, obtendo-se uma CL50 = 2.182,76 Ug/mL µg/mL. onde o extrato mostrou-se praticamente átoxico para a Artemia salina Leach nas concentrações e condições testadas, pois quanto mais longe de zero a CL50 for mais atóxico a planta é. O teste microbiológico apresentou inibição nas concentrações de 100% e 50% frente ao patógeno S. aureus. Considerações finais: Apesar dos resultados promissores frente a artemia salina, e a bactéria gram positiva, S. aureus, existe a necessidade da realização dos demais ensaios toxicológicos pré-clínicos e microbiológicos, para assegurar o uso seguro da planta.
Exames laboratoriais para diagnóstico da covid-19 / Laboratory tests for covid-19 diagnosis
Authors: Borges Mackenzye Aguiar , Paiva Maykon Jhuly Martins de 
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Descrever os principais exames laboratoriais utilizados para o diagnóstico da COVID-19. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo caracterizado como uma Revisão de Literatura, que possibilita a identificação, síntese e a realização de uma análise ampla na literatura acerca de uma temática específica. Resultados: Atualmente os principais exames laboratoriais utilizados para o diagnóstico da COVID-19 são: teste rápido, pela técnica de imunocromatografia, onde é feita a pesquisa de anticorpos em soro, sangue total ou plasma, exames sorológicos onde dosam no sangue os anticorpos produzidos por nosso sistema imunitário para neutralizar o vírus e o RT-PCR, metodologia baseada na reação em cadeia da polimerase, com transcrição reversa e reação de amplificação em tempo real é a que melhor se aplica para a detecção do vírus SARS-CoV-2. Conclusão: O diagnóstico laboratorial relacionados a COVID-19 é de suma importância para conter o avanço da COVID-19. Atualmente o padrão ouro para o diagnóstico da COVID-19 é o teste laboratorial RT-PCR por biologia molecular por apresentar uma maior especificidade, onde fica evidenciando a importância das análises clínicas para minimização da letalidade, controle do crescimento do número de casos e planejamento quanto às medidas tomadas pelos órgãos de saúde para conter o novo coronavírus.