bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the accretionary wedge and sedimentary layers on subduction zone earthquake ruptures and ground motion: 2-D numerical simulations
Authors: Li Xian , Huang Yihe , Chen Zuan , Huang Xiaoge 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARYLow-velocity accretionary wedges and sedimentary layers overlying continental plates are common in subduction zones. These low-velocity sedimentary structures should be considered to accurately model ground motions and estimate coseismic slip on subsurface faults. First, we simulated the rupture process of the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake in 2-D dynamic rupture models and found that the co-existence of the accretionary wedge and sedimentary layer can cause an approximately 60 per cent increase in the shallow coseismic slip. Considering the inelastic attenuation, wave reverberations in the accretionary wedge and sedimentary layer significantly amplified offshore ground acceleration at 0.1–0.5 Hz by factors of 1–5 and prolonged ground motion durations. Additionally, high-frequency acceleration at 0.5–2.0 Hz is also amplified on the accretionary wedge with a maximum factor of 5. Our Tohoku-Oki earthquake model reproduces the observed coseismic slip qualitatively, but the model also results in higher scaled energy, due to the overestimation of radiated energy in 2-D models and the inadequate plastic properties in the accretionary wedge and sedimentary layer. We further simulated a suite of earthquake scenarios where the updip rupture terminates at different depths. Our results show that a sedimentary layer enhances coseismic slip in all cases, while an accretionary wedge can decrease the slip when the shallow fault has a strengthening frictional behaviour. Additionally, the effects on slip diminished when the extent of updip rupture becomes deeper. However, offshore ground acceleration at 0.1–0.5 Hz is still amplified due to the dynamic wave effects in the two structures. Furthermore, in the scenarios when earthquake rupture reaches the shallow fault, the existence of an accretionary wedge can cause amplified high-frequency acceleration (0.5–2.0 Hz) near the trench. Our results indicate that compared to those subduction zones with neither an accretionary wedge nor sedimentary layers, subduction zones featuring a co-existence between an accretionary wedge and sedimentary layers are susceptible to host earthquakes with larger shallow slip and amplified offshore ground motions.
Scattering for the Defocusing, Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation With Initial Data in a Critical Space
Authors: Dodson Benjamin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this note, we prove scattering for a defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation with initial data lying in a critical Besov space. In addition, we obtain polynomial bounds on the scattering size as a function of the critical Besov norm.
Leveraging low-density crossbred genotypes to offset crossbred phenotypes and their impact on purebred predictions
Authors: Leite Natália Galoro , Chen Ching-Yi , Herring William O , Holl Justin , Tsuruta Shogo , Lourenco Daniela 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to 1) investigate the predictability and bias of genomic breeding values (GEBV) of purebred (PB) sires for CB performance when CB genotypes imputed from a low-density panel are available, 2) assess if the availability of those CB genotypes can be used to partially offset CB phenotypic recording, and 3) investigate the impact of including imputed CB genotypes in genomic analyses when using the algorithm for proven and young (APY). Two pig populations with up to 207,375 PB and 32,893 CB phenotypic records per trait and 138,026 PB and 32,893 CB genotypes were evaluated. PB sires were genotyped for a 50K panel, whereas CB animals were genotyped for a low-density panel of 600 SNP and imputed to 50K. The predictability and bias of GEBV of PB sires for backfat thickness (BFX) and average daily gain recorded (ADGX) recorded on CB animals were assessed when CB genotypes were available or not in the analyses. In the first set of analyses, direct inverses of the genomic relationship matrix (G) were used with phenotypic datasets truncated at different time points. In the next step, we evaluated the APY algorithm with core compositions differing in the CB genotype contributions. After that, the performance of core compositions was compared with an analysis using a random PB core from a purely PB genomic set. The number of rounds to convergence was recorded for all APY analyses. With the direct inverse of G in the first set of analyses, adding CB genotypes imputed from a low-density panel (600 SNP) did not improve predictability or reduce the bias of PB sires’ GEBV for CB performance, even for sires with fewer CB progeny phenotypes in the analysis. That indicates that the inclusion of CB genotypes primarily used for inferring pedigree in commercial farms is of no benefit to offset CB phenotyping. When CB genotypes were incorporated into APY, a random core composition or a core with no CB genotypes reduced bias and the number of rounds to convergence but did not affect predictability. Still, a PB random core composition from a genomic set with only PB genotypes resulted in the highest predictability and the smallest number of rounds to convergence, although bias increased. Genotyping CB individuals for low-density panels is a valuable identification tool for linking CB phenotypes to pedigree; however, the inclusion of those CB genotypes imputed from a low-density panel (600 SNP) might not benefit genomic predictions for PB individuals or offset CB phenotyping for the evaluated CB performance traits. Further studies will help understand the usefulness of those imputed CB genotypes for traits with lower PB–CB genetic correlations and traits not recorded in the PB environment, such as mortality and disease traits.
Anterior Elbow Heterotopic Ossification in Patient With Pemphigus Vulgaris: An Unheard Complication of a Rare Condition
Authors: Jean Stephanie , Godleski Matthew 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris is a potentially fatal disease within the epidermis with rare noncutaneous manifestations. Heterotopic ossification has not been previously described as one of the inherent complications of this skin pathology. A 44-year-old man presented with severe pemphigus vulgaris involving 80 to 90% of his body surface area. He had an extended time to wound closure of 5 months, as well as two additional months bed bound due to related infectious and respiratory complications. He progressively developed a worsening range of motion at his bilateral elbows. X-ray demonstrated bilateral anterior elbow heterotopic ossification. Passive and active range of motion exercises were initiated early in the course of his treatment and only yielded a small positive effect. Thus, screening for heterotopic ossification may be warranted when a significant joint range of motion is lost in cases of autoimmune cutaneous disease, and even more in the presence of severe open wounds with delayed wound closure.
Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Clinical Predictors of Respiratory Muscle Strength and Lung Function in Burned Patients with Inhalation Injury
Authors: El-Sayed Attalla Asmaa Fawzy , Ahmed Khaled Takey , Abd El Monem Maha 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Chronic airway illness is a well-documented inhalation injury side effect. Many pulmonary function impairments persisted for several months after lung parenchymal injury. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle training on respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function (PFT) in patients who had suffered an inhalation injury. This study included male patients with inhalation injuries aged 20–35 years. Patients were chosen at random and assigned to an exercise group, which received inspiratory muscle training and routine chest physiotherapy, including early ambulation, coughing, and deep breathing, three times weekly for 4 weeks, and the control group, which only received routine chest physiotherapy. All participants were assessed for PFT and respiratory muscle strength at enrollment and the end of the study. The statistical analysis for outcome variables between both groups revealed no significant differences before treatment (P &gt; .05) of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), maximal inspiratory pressure, and maximal expiratory pressure. According to the findings of this study, including IMT as part of a physical therapy program led to significant gains (P ˂ .05) in FVC and FEV1. However, after treatment, there was not a substantial difference found in either the MIP or the MEP between the groups. The exercise group performed better in terms of FVC, FEV1, MIP, and MEP after receiving treatment, according to these significant and non-significant differences.
The dispersion measure of Fast Radio Bursts host galaxies: estimation from cosmological simulations
Authors: Mo Jian-Feng , Zhu Weishan , Wang Yang , Tang Lin , Feng Long-Long 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The dispersion measure (DM) of fast radio burst (FRB) encodes important information such as its distance, properties of intervening medium. Based on simulations in the Illustris and IllustrisTNG projects, we analyse the DM of FRBs contributed by the interstellar medium and circumgalactic medium in the hosts, DMhost. We explore two population models – tracing the star formation rate (SFR) and the stellar mass, i.e. young and old progenitors, respectively. The distribution of DMhost shows significant differences at z = 0 between two populations: the stellar mass model exhibits an excess at the low-DM end with respect to the SFR model. The SFR (stellar mass) model has a median value of 179 (63) pc cm−3 for galaxies with $M_*=10^{8\!-\!13}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ in the TNG100-1. Galaxies in the Illustris-1 have a much smaller DMhost. The distributions of DMhost deviate from lognormal function for both models. Furthermore, two populations differ moderately in the spatial offset from host galaxy’s centre in the stellar mass function of hosts. DMhost increases with the stellar mass of hosts when $M_* &lt; 10^{10.5}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, and fluctuate at higher mass. At 0 &lt; z &lt; 2, DMhost increases with redshift. The differences in DMhost between two populations declines with increasing redshift. With more localized events available in the future, statistics such as DMhost, the offset from galaxy centre, and the stellar mass function of hosts will be of great helpful to ascertain the origin of FRB. Meanwhile, statistics of DMhost of localized FRB events could help to constrain the baryon physics models in galaxy evolution.
Density and infrared band strength of interstellar carbon monoxide (CO) ice analogues
Authors: González Díaz C , Carrascosa H , Muñoz Caro G M , Satorre M Á , Chen Y-J 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The motivation to study experimentally CO ice under mimicked interstellar conditions is supported by the large CO gas abundances and ubiquitous presence of CO in icy grain mantles. Upon irradiation in its pure ice form, this highly stable species presents a limited ion and photon-induced chemistry, and an efficient non-thermal desorption. Using infrared spectroscopy, single laser interference, and quadrupole mass spectrometry during CO ice deposition, the CO ice density was estimated as a function of deposition temperature. Only minor variations in the density were found. The proposed methodology can be used to obtain the density of other ice components at various deposition temperatures provided that this value of the density is known for one of these temperatures, which is typically the temperature corresponding to the crystalline form. The apparent tendency of the CO ice density to decrease at deposition temperatures below 14 K is in line with recently published colorimetric measurements. This work allowed us to revisit the value of the infrared band strength needed for calculation of the CO ice column density in infrared observations, 8.7 × 10−18 cm molecule−1 at 20 K deposition temperature.
A family of potential–density pairs for galactic bars
Authors: Dehnen Walter , Aly Hossam 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a family of analytical potential–density pairs for barred discs, which can be combined to describe galactic bars in a realistic way, including boxy/peanut components. We illustrate this with two reasonably realistic compound models. Computer code for the evaluation of potential, forces, density, and projected density is freely provided.
Tolvaptan treatment is associated with altered mineral metabolism parameters and increased bone mineral density in ADPKD patients
Authors: Bargagli Matteo , Vetsch Andri , Anderegg Manuel A , Dhayat Nasser A , Huynh-Do Uyen , Faller Nicolas , Vogt Bruno , Ferraro Pietro Manuel , Fuster Daniel G 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by a unique bone and mineral phenotype. The impact of tolvaptan treatment on mineral metabolism and bone mineral density (BMD) is unknown.

Methods
We conducted an analysis in the Bern ADPKD Registry, a prospective observational cohort study. Mineral metabolism parameters were measured at baseline and every 12 months thereafter. BMD was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after 3 years. Multivariable mixed-effects regression models were applied to assess changes in mineral metabolism parameters and BMD associated with tolvaptan treatment.

Results
A total of 189 participants (122 without and 67 with subsequent tolvaptan treatment) were included in the analysis. During follow-up, tolvaptan treatment was associated with increased BMD at the femoral neck {β = 0.092 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.001–0.183], P = .047}. In addition, tolvaptan treatment was associated with higher plasma magnesium [β = 0.019 (95% CI 0.001–0.037), P = .037], bicarbonate [β = 0.972 (95% CI 0.242–1.702), P = .009] and urine pH [β = 0.214 (95% CI 0.056–0.372), P = .008] and lower parathyroid hormone [β = −0.191 (95% CI −0.328 to −0.053), P = .006], 1,25(OH)D3 [β = −0.126 (95% CI −0.235 to −0.164), P = .024] and fractional urinary magnesium excretion [β = −0.473 (95% CI −0.622 to −0.324), P &lt; .001].

Conclusions
Chronic tolvaptan treatment is associated with increased femoral BMD and significant changes in both mineral metabolism and acid–base parameters in ADPKD patients.
RADIOLOGICAL IMPACT OF USING DECORATIVE GRANITE AS AN ATTENUATOR OF IONIZING RADIATION
Authors: Hassan Nabil M , Lee J B 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Granite is a widely available rock, which can be used as a shielding material, for bulk in the form of the aggregate in concrete. It has the weakness that it is more radioactive than many other rocks, which can be used in concrete. This paper looks at its properties as a shielding material and the activity level. Thus, the concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, in granite were measured using a high pure germanium detector (HPGe). They were ranged from (15 ± 4 to 49 ± 5) Bq kg−1 for 226Ra, (22 ± 4 to 78 ± 4 Bq kg−1) for 232Th and (791 ± 13 to 1231 ± 15 Bq kg−1) for 40K. Radiological indices of radium equivalent concentration (Raeq), external (Hex), internal (Hin) and annual effective dose were less than worldwide recommended limits. The results emphasized, the granite samples had no radiation hazard. Nevertheless, the mass attenuation coefficients of granite samples were measured for the gamma rays of energy range 122–1408 keV. The mass attenuation coefficients of the studied granite samples were ranged from 0.05 to 0.15 cm2 g−1. In addition, the average the half-value layer of granite was varied from 1.8 cm for 122 keV to 5.2 cm for 1408 keV. The results are that the attenuation characteristics are typical and match the values given by NIST for ‘concrete’ and that the activity levels of the samples examined are acceptable. Thus the granite may be used as an attenuator for ionizing radiation.
Investigating Hand Dermatitis and Related Dermatologic Quality of Life Among Nursing Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kaçan Cevriye Yüksel , Buran Gonca 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
To investigate hand dermatitis and related dermatologic quality of life among nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic period.

Methods
In total, 241 nursing students participated in this cross-sectional descriptive study. The data were collected using a sociodemographic data collection form, Hand Dermatitis Self-assessment form, and the Dermatological Quality-of-Life Scale.

Results
During their clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic period, 41.9% of participants experienced hand dermatitis. Participants with a history of allergies experienced hand dermatitis at higher rates than those with no history of allergies (P < .01). The most frequently reported symptom associated with hand dermatitis was “irritation and itching in the hands” (53.9%). Dermatological Quality-of-Life Scale scores differed significantly among participants who did and did not have hand dermatitis: those who experienced hand dermatitis or symptoms of hand dermatitis reported lower quality of life (P < .01 and P < .05, respectively). Participants’ most frequently reported cause of hand dermatitis was the use of antiseptic agents (44.8%), and their most frequently reported preventive measure was the use of moisturizers (61.8%).

Conclusions
Nursing students in the COVID-19 pandemic period experienced a high rate of hand dermatitis. Both the presence and symptoms of hand dermatitis were associated with lower dermatologic quality-of-life levels for the nursing students.
Nigral volumetric and microstructural measures in individuals with scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit
Authors: Langley Jason , Hwang Kristy S. , Hu Xiaoping P. , Huddleston Daniel E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionStriatal dopamine transporter imaging using 123I-ioflupane SPECT (DaTScan, GE) identifies 5-20% of newly diagnosed Parkinson’s disease (PD) subjects enrolling in clinical studies to have scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit (SWEDD). These individuals meet diagnostic criteria for PD, but do not clinically progress as expected, and they are not believed to have neurodegenerative parkinsonism. Inclusion of SWEDD participants in PD biomarker studies or therapeutic trials may therefore cause them to fail. DaTScan can identify SWEDD individuals, but it is expensive and not widely available; an alternative imaging approach is needed. Here, we evaluate the use of neuromelanin-sensitive, iron-sensitive, and diffusion contrasts in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) to differentiate SWEDD from PD individuals.MethodsNeuromelanin-sensitive, iron-sensitive, and diffusion imaging data for SWEDD, PD, and control subjects were downloaded from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database. SNpc volume, SNpc iron (R2), and SNpc free water (FW) were measured for each participant.ResultsSignificantly smaller SNpc volume was seen in PD as compared to SWEDD (P<10−3) and control (P<10−3) subjects. SNpc FW was elevated in the PD group relative to controls (P=0.017). No group difference was observed in SNpc R2.ConclusionIn conclusion, nigral volume and FW in the SWEDD group were similar to that of controls, while a reduction in nigral volume and increased FW were observed in the PD group relative to SWEDD and control participants. These results suggest that these MRI measures should be explored as a cost-effective alternative to DaTScan for evaluation of the nigrostriatal system.
Serial interval and incubation period estimates of monkeypox virus infection in 12 U.S. jurisdictions, May – August 2022
Authors: Madewell Zachary J. , Charniga Kelly , Masters Nina B. , Asher Jason , Fahrenwald Lily , Still William , Chen Judy , Kipperman Naama , Bui David , Shea Meghan , Saathoff-Huber Lori , Johnson Shannon , Harbi Khalil , Berns Abby L. , Perez Taidy , Gateley Emily , Spicknall Ian H. , Nakazawa Yoshinori , Gift Thomas L. ,   2022 Monkeypox Outbreak Response Team
Published: October 2022

AbstractUsing data collected by 12 U.S. health departments, we report mean estimated serial interval for monkeypox virus infection of 8.5 (95% CrI: 7.3 – 9.9) days for symptom onset from 57 case pairs and mean estimated incubation period of 5.6 (4.3 – 7.8) days from 35 case pairs for symptom onset.One sentence summaryWe report the mean estimated serial interval for monkeypox virus infection of 8.5 (95% CrI: 7.3 – 9.9) days for symptom onset from 57 case pairs and mean estimated incubation period of 5.6 (4.3 – 7.8) days from 35 case pairs for symptom onset.
Strategies used to manage overlap of primary study data by exercise-related overviews. Protocol for a systematic methodological review
Authors: Gutierrez-Arias Ruvistay , Pieper Dawid , Lunny Carole , Torres-Castro Rodrigo , Aguilera-Eguía Raúl , Seron Pamela 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionOne of the most conflicting methodological issues when conducting an overview is the overlap of primary studies included across systematic reviews (SRs). Overlap in the pooled effect estimates across SRs may lead to overly precise effect estimates in the overview. SRs that focus on exercise-related interventions are often included in overviews aimed at grouping and determining the effectiveness of various interventions for the management of specific health conditions.ObjectiveThe aim of this systematic methodological review is to describe the strategies used by authors of overviews focusing on exercise-related interventions to manage the overlap of primary studies.Materials and methodsA comprehensive search strategy has been developed for different databases and their platforms. The databases to be consulted will be MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Cochrane Library), and Epistemonikos. Two reviewers will independently screen the records identified through the search strategy and will extract the information from the included overviews. The frequency and the type of overlap management strategies of the primary studies included in the SRs will be considered as the main outcome. In addition, the recognition of the lack of use of any overlap management strategy and the congruence between planning and conducting the overview focusing on overlap management strategies will be assessed. A sub-group analysis will be carried out using the impact factor of the journals at the time of publication of the overviews as the variable.DiscussionThis methodological review will provide a complete and comprehensive summary of the frequency of use and types of strategies used for managing the overlap of primary studies across the SRs included in the overviews focusing on exercise-related interventions in different health conditions. Future studies should apply different overlap management strategies to understand their impact on results and conclusions.Systematic review registrationINPLASY202250161.