bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isochronline in chemostratigraphy for global correlation and an exception of the Walther's law of facies
Authors: Wang Wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChemostratigraphy based on various proxies has been well developed in recent decades for stratigraphic correlation by higher resolution, gap‐less sampling, and environmental records. At present, various types of samples are measured quantitatively in higher accuracy and wider application than traditional biostratigraphy. Even the benthonic index fossils are widely replaced by pelagic data for biostratigraphic correlation, fossil gaps also could cause data break in a section. However, chemostratigraphy remains challenge as its data from sediments is to resolve mixtureof local depositional environment and global correlatable signal. How to separate these two parts and extract the local imprints free from the mixture is the subject of this study. An isochronlines is a newly introduced auxiliary line for the globally correlatable signal extraction from the mixture signals. An isochronline is a virtual synchronous line on plane of an equal depositional environment, and can evaluate the global signal unlike the chemostratigraphic data that provides environmental records. Based on the data obtained from lateral stratigraphic investigation along a bed strike, or from grid mapping on a wide‐open outcrop of a bedding plane, or on a surface of a lithological unit, the facies‐independent chemostratigraphic proxies could be extracted. A set of methods was designed including lateral profiling and grid mapping on the outcrop to extract the facies‐independent geochemical signal for global correlation based on isochronlines identification, and an exception of the Walther's law of facies was revealed. Meanwhile, the author presents examples to avoid misleading of the global chemostratigraphic correlation based on isochronline analysis. This method included measurement of two‐wing lateral‐vertical strata, determination of non‐lithological lens from geochemical abnormities of diagenesis, and microhabitat. An example from Laibin Auxiliary boundary Stratotype Section and Point of Lopingian‐Guadalupian of Permian was measured by grid mapping, that revealed the isochronlines, extracted facies‐independent geochemical proxies for global correlation, and hidden geochemical lenses.
Outcome and associated predictors for nonsurgical management of large cyst‐like periapical lesions: A CBCT‐based prospective cohort study
Authors: Saini Aakriti , Nangia Divya , Sharma Sidhartha , Kumar Vijay , Chawla Amrita , Logani Ajay , Upadhyay Ashish 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT)‐based study was to evaluate the outcome of nonsurgical root canal treatment (RCT) performed for the management of large cyst‐like periapical lesions (LCPL) and to identify the predictive factors affecting healing.MethodologyFifty‐four subjects (77 permanent maxillary anterior teeth) with LCPL (>10 mm) of endodontic origin were included. A single operator performed standardized multi‐visit RCT. Patients were clinically and radiographically examined at 6, 12 months, and a CBCT scan was taken at 24 months. Two independent blinded evaluators measured the pre‐ and postoperative volume of periapical lesions on CBCT scans using ITK snap software (version 3.8.0‐beta‐20181028‐win64). The outcome was assessed as a percentage change in lesion volume and dichotomized as success (resolved/reduced) or failure (unchanged/enlarged). Ten preoperative (gender; age; intraoral draining sinus, soft tissue swelling, tooth discoloration, pulp canal obliteration, open apex, root resorption, cortical bone defect and lesion volume) and four intraoperative (apical extent and density of root filling; number of treatment visits and type of root filling) predictive factors were observed. Bivariate and stepwise multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors affecting treatment outcomes. The significance level was set at 5%.ResultsA recall rate of 88% was achieved. The success rate of RCT was 82.2% (8.9% resolved, 73.3% reduced). Median lesion volume reduction was 75% (IQR 61%–93%). No pre‐ or intra‐operative factors were related to treatment failure. However, presence of preoperative cortical bone defect (palatal versus no cortical defect, β = −51.5; 95% CI: −86.9 to −16, p = .006) and apical extent of obturation (long versus flush, β = −27.2; 95% CI: −53.8 to −0.6, p = .04) were negatively associated with reduction in lesion volume (%).ConclusionLarge cyst‐like periapical lesions may be successfully managed with RCT. Preoperative cortical bone defect and apical extent of obturation may negatively influence osseous healing.
Phylogeography of a riparian earthworm shows environmental factors influence genetic structure
Authors: de Sosa Irene , Marchán Daniel F. , Novo Marta , Almodóvar Ana , Díaz Cosín Darío J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimThe study of cosmopolitan earthworms could be even more interesting than that of endemic species in revealing evolutionary processes. Previous research on the cosmopolitan wormEiseniella tetraedrahas indicated some phylogeographic structure among populations, but the factors responsible remain unresolved. We hypothesized that environmental factors and dispersal have shaped the distribution of the species' lineages.LocationSpain and Portugal; Iberian Peninsula.TaxonEiseniella tetraedra(Lumbricidae, Oligochaeta, Annelida).MethodsWe collected 739 specimens ofEiseniella tetraedrafrom 65 localities around the Iberian Peninsula between 2012 and 2016. We performed phylogenetic analysis (Bayesian Inference and maximum likelihood) using two mitochondrial (COI and 16S) and one nuclear marker (28S). Furthermore, we studied their genetic diversity and historic demography based on the COI gene. Correlations between genetic diversity and 22 environmental factors were tested.ResultsEiseniella tetraedrashowed high diversity in the Iberian Peninsula, with eight different lineages nested in two clades. We found lineages mostly restricted to the northern region, while others were distributed throughout the Iberian Peninsula. Habitat stability, that is, constant availability or lack of water, also correlated with genetic diversity. Thus, although no clear phylogeographic pattern was found, environmental factors (such as precipitation, temperature, and soil pH) and habitat stability influenced the distribution of genetic variability.Main ConclusionsEiseniella tetraedrais an earthworm with great genetic variability. We show that the ranges of species with high relative dispersal ability and ambiguous phylogeographic patterns may be better explained by influence of environmental conditions rather than specific geographic features. Adaptation to unstable conditions has been shown to confer more success on one of the two major genetic clades recovered, pointing to ecological plasticity as a key for evolutionary success.
Strong phylogenetic congruence betweenTulasnellafungi and their associated Drakaeinae orchids
Authors: Arifin Arild R. , Phillips Ryan D. , Linde Celeste C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe study of congruency between phylogenies of interacting species can provide a powerful approach for understanding the evolutionary history of symbiotic associations. Orchid mycorrhizal fungi can survive independently of orchids making cospeciation unlikely, leading us to predict that any congruence would arise from host‐switches to closely related fungal species. The Australasian orchid subtribe Drakaeinae is an iconic group of sexually deceptive orchids that consists of approximately 66 species. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary relationships between representatives of all six Drakaeinae orchid genera (39 species) and their mycorrhizal fungi. We used an exome capture dataset to generate the first well‐resolved phylogeny of the Drakaeinae genera. A total of 10 closely relatedTulasnellaOperational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and previously described species were associated with the Drakaeinae orchids. Three of them were shared among orchid genera, with each genus associating with 1–6Tulasnellalineages. Cophylogenetic analyses show Drakaeinae orchids and theirTulasnellaassociates exhibit significant congruence (p < 0.001) in the topology of their phylogenetic trees. An event‐based method also revealed significant congruence in Drakaeinae–Tulasnellarelationships, with duplications (35), losses (25), and failure to diverge (9) the most frequent events, with minimal evidence for cospeciation (1) and host‐switches (2). The high number of duplications suggests that the orchids speciate independently from the fungi, and the fungal species association of the ancestral orchid species is typically maintained in the daughter species. For the Drakaeinae–Tulasnellainteraction, a pattern of phylogenetic niche conservatism rather than coevolution likely explains the observed phylogenetic congruency in orchid and fungal phylogenies. Given that many orchid genera are characterized by sharing of fungal species between closely related orchid species, we predict that these findings may apply to a wide range of orchid lineages.
Retronasal aroma dynamics related to the swallowing threshold
Authors: Okawa Jumpei , Hori Kazuhiro , Yoshimoto Tasuku , Ono Takahiro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe state of food comminution caused by chewing is an important factor triggering the swallowing reflex. However, the impact of retronasal aroma released from comminuted food to the nose upon swallowing during food intake is poorly understood.ObjectiveThe present study investigated the relationship between aroma concentration and swallowing threshold while chewing a standardised test food.MethodsTwenty healthy participants took part in this study. Concentration of retronasal aroma was measured over time through the nostrils using an odour sensor. The aroma concentration was measured while chewing an orange‐flavoured gummy jelly until swallowing, and the number of chewing strokes was measured to determine the swallowing threshold. Next, the aroma concentration was measured while chewing the gummy jelly for 30 strokes, and 100% and 200% of swallowing threshold without swallowing. The surface area increase in the expectorated gummy jelly pieces was calculated using image analysis and defined as masticatory performance at 30 strokes.ResultsThe average number of chewing strokes until the swallowing threshold was 45.1 ± 14.2. Higher masticatory performance was associated with a smaller number of chewing strokes at swallowing threshold, and a greater increase in surface area at the swallowing threshold. The number of chewing strokes and the aroma concentration were similar between the swallowing threshold and at the maximum aroma concentration while chewing at 200% of the swallowing threshold.ConclusionThe findings suggested that the swallowing threshold might be influenced by retronasal aroma concentration as well as the state of food comminution.
Relationship between the physicochemical properties of soybean protein isolate and its extrudate based on high‐moisture extrusion torque
Authors: Meng Ang , Li Fang , Chen Fengliang , Luan Binyu , Sun Tao , Zhang Bo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship between nitrogen soluble index (NSI), bulk density, gel storage modulus of soybean protein isolate and torque during high‐moisture (50%) extrusion, and analyzed the influence to extrudate texture by the moisture content and the expansion degree of extrudate. The results showed that in the range of NSI of 21–74%, bulk density of 0.41–0.47 g/cm3, and gel storage modulus of 3,800–5,400 Pa, the torque and specific mechanical energy raised with the decrease in NSI and the increase in bulk density and gel storage modulus. The lower the moisture content of the extrudate was, the higher its hardness. Interestingly, as the extrudate expands, bubble cavities formed on the surface of the extrudate could cause its hardness to drop from 13,124 g/s to 11,736 g/s and 4,840 g/s. Overall, the hard extrudates can be produced from soy protein isolates with low NSI (<21%), high bulk density (>0.47 g/cm3), and gel storage modulus (>5,380 Pa) via high‐moisture extrusion, at the same time appearing in an expanded structure that reduces the hardness test value of the extrudate.
Natural history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats from rehoming centers: TheCatScan IIstudy
Authors: Novo Matos Jose , Payne Jessie Rose , Seo Joonbum , Luis Fuentes Virginia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe natural history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in cats has been mainly studied in cats referred for suspected heart disease, which can skew the results towards cats with clinical signs. Few data are available on factors associated with development of HCM in cats.Hypotheses(1) Clinical variables can predict which cats will develop HCM; (2) HCM in cats not referred for suspected heart disease is associated with a low rate of cardiovascular events.AnimalsOne hundred seven cats from rehoming centers without a history of clinical signs of cardiac or systemic disease at the time of adoption.MethodsProspective longitudinal study. After rehoming, shelter cats were reexamined for serial echocardiograms. Cox regression analysis was used to identify predictors of development of HCM in cats that were normal at baseline. Adverse cardiovascular events including heart failure, thromboembolism, or sudden death were recorded.ResultsCats were monitored for a median of 5.6 [1.2‐9.2] years. At baseline, 68/107 cats were normal, 18/107 were equivocal and 21/107 had HCM. Nineteen cats developed HCM during the study period. The factors at baseline associated with increased hazard of developing HCM were lower left atrial fractional shortening, higher left ventricular fractional shortening, and higher body weight. Cardiovascular events were observed in 21% of cats with HCM.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCardiovascular events were common in cats with HCM from a rehoming center study sample. Lower left atrial systolic function appears to precede overt HCM.
Spacing Effects in Task Repetition Research
Authors: Rogers John 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article provides a conceptual review of the principles of input spacing as they might relate specifically to oral task repetition research and presents some of the common methodological considerations from the broader input spacing literature. The specific considerations discussed include the interaction between intersession intervals and retention intervals, the manipulation of posttests as a between‐participants variable, the number of task repetitions, absolute versus relative spacing, the criterion of learning, task type versus exact task repetition, and blocked versus interleaved practice. Each of these considerations is discussed with links, as appropriate, to the relevant empirical input spacing and task repetition literature. The purpose of this review is to highlight how, in many cases, these methodological considerations have been overlooked by task repetition researchers, including in studies where input spacing has and has not been a direct focus, and to suggest ways of addressing these methodological shortcomings in future research.
Mapping and monitoring tick (Acari, Ixodida) distribution, seasonality, and host associations in the United Kingdom between 2017 and 2020
Authors: Hansford Kayleigh M. , Gandy Sara L. , Gillingham Emma L. , McGinley Liz , Cull Benjamin , Johnston Colin , Catton Matthew , Medlock Jolyon M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTick‐borne disease risk is intrinsically linked to the distribution of tick vector species. To assess risk and anticipate disease emergence, an understanding of tick distribution, host associations, and seasonality is needed. This can be achieved, to some extent, using passive surveillance supported by engagement with the public, animal health, and public health experts. The Tick Surveillance Scheme (TSS) collects data and maps tick distribution across the United Kingdom (UK). Between 2017 and 2020, 3720 tick records were received and 39 tick species were detected. Most records were acquired in the UK, with a subset associated with recent overseas travel. The dominant UK acquired species was Ixodes ricinus (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Linnaeus), the main vector of Lyme borreliosis. Records peaked during May and June, highlighting a key risk period for tick bites. Other key UK species were detected, including Dermacentor reticulatus (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Fabricius) and Haemaphysalis punctata (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Canestrini & Fanzago) as well as several rarer species that may present novel tick‐borne disease risk to humans and other animals. Updated tick distribution maps highlight areas in the UK where tick exposure has occurred. There is evidence of increasing human tick exposure over time, including during the COVID‐19 pandemic, but seasonal patterns remain unchanged.
Comparing survival in patients with chronic kidney disease across three countries – Results from the study of heart and renal protection‐extended review
Authors: Talbot Benjamin , Cass Alan , Walker Robert , Hooi Lai , Jardine Meg , Jun Min , Rogers Kris , Sukkar Louisa , Smyth Brendan , Gallagher Martin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimThis study examined whether survival and causes of death differed between participants enrolled from Australia (AUS), Malaysia (MYL), and New Zealand (NZ) in extended follow‐up of the Study of Heart and Renal Protection (SHARP), a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of participants with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease comparing placebo to combination therapy with Simvastatin and Ezetimibe.MethodsAll participants alive at final SHARP study visit in participating centres were eligible for inclusion. Consenting participants were re‐enrolled following final SHARP Study visit and followed for 5 years. Data collection included: significant medical events, hospital admissions and requirement for kidney replacement therapy. Data linkage was performed to national kidney and mortality registries. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality compared across the three countries.ResultsThe SHARP trial randomized 2029 participants from AUS (1043/2029, 51%), MYL (701/2029, 35%), and NZ (285/2029, 14%), with 1136 participants alive and eligible for extended follow‐up at the end of SHARP. In multivariable analysis, risk of death was increased for participants in MYL (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.17–1.61, p < .001) and NZ (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.04–1.57, p = .02) when compared to AUS participants. Adjustment for kidney transplantation as a competing risk did not explain the variation seen between countries.ConclusionThis study allows a better understanding of the differences in long‐term mortality risk across participants from AUS, MYL, and NZ in extended follow‐up of the SHARP study and demonstrates the feasibility and value of extended follow‐up of participants enrolled in RCTs.
Functional characterization of E3 ubiquity ligase Bra015092 in pollen development of Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis
Authors: Tian Aimei , Yu Hui , Cui Zhuoyue 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPollen development plays an important role in the sexual reproduction of seed‐type plants. Ubiquitination of proteins is an essential link in the post‐translational modification of proteins. E3 ubiquity ligase is a key protein that recognizes substrates in the protein ubiquitination pathway. The hybrid line “Bcajh97‐01A/B” of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. Chinensis) was used as test material. The gene Bra015092, with a size of 642 bp, was amplified. Semi‐quantitative (RT‐PCR) and quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) techniques were utilized to analyze the expression of Bra015092 in the dual‐purpose line of Chinese cabbage. It was found that Bra015092 had a higher expression level in inflorescence. Subcellular localization analysis showed that Bra015092 and GFP fusion expression protein widely exist in tobacco epidermal cells. Bra015092 was transformed into “Youqing49” cabbage to obtain Bra015092OE overexpressing transgenic lines. The morphological observation of Bra015092OE plants showed that the pollen of BcMF29OE plants became deformed and inactive, and the vegetative and reproductive nuclei were abnormally developed. The in vitro germination experiments showed that about 24.5% of the pollen in Bra015092OE plants could not germinate. The results of the semi‐thin section showed that the pollen development of Bra015092OE plants was abnormal at the stage of binuclear pollen grains. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the pollen grains of Bra015092OE plants gradually degraded from the binuclear to the trinucleate pollen grain stage, and the pollen inner wall was abnormally developed, indicating that Bra015092 plays a major role in the process of pollen development.
Segmenting Time Series via Self-Normalisation
Authors: Zhao Zifeng , Jiang Feiyu , Shao Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe propose a novel and unified framework for change-point estimation in multivariate time series. The proposed method is fully non-parametric, robust to temporal dependence and avoids the demanding consistent estimation of long-run variance. One salient and distinct feature of the proposed method is its versatility, where it allows change-point detection for a broad class of parameters (such as mean, variance, correlation and quantile) in a unified fashion. At the core of our method, we couple the self-normalisation- (SN) based tests with a novel nested local-window segmentation algorithm, which seems new in the growing literature of change-point analysis. Due to the presence of an inconsistent long-run variance estimator in the SN test, non-standard theoretical arguments are further developed to derive the consistency and convergence rate of the proposed SN-based change-point detection method. Extensive numerical experiments and relevant real data analysis are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness and broad applicability of our proposed method in comparison with state-of-the-art approaches in the literature.
Regulation of Potassium and Chloride Concentrations in Nervous Tissue as a Method of Anticonvulsant Therapy
Authors: Proskurina E. Yu. , Zaitsev A. V. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Under some pathological conditions, such as pharmacoresistant
epilepsy, status epilepticus or certain forms of genetic abnormalities,
spiking activity of GABAergic interneurons may enhance excitation
processes in neuronal circuits and provoke the generation of ictal
discharges. As a result, anticonvulsants acting on the GABAergic
system may be ineffective or even increase seizure activity. This
paradoxical effect of the inhibitory system is due to ionic imbalances
in nervous tissue. This review addresses the mechanisms of ictal
discharge initiation in neuronal networks due to the imbalance of
chloride and potassium ions, as well as possible ways to regulate
ionic concentrations. Both the enhancement (or attenuation) of the
activity of certain neuronal ion transporters and ion pumps and
their additional expression via gene therapy can be effective in
suppressing seizure activity caused by ionic imbalances. The Na+–K+-pump,
NKCC1 and KCC2 cotransporters are important for maintaining proper
K+ and Cl– concentrations
in nervous tissue, having been repeatedly considered as pharmacological
targets for antiepileptic exposures. Further progress in this direction
is hampered by the lack of sufficiently selective pharmacological
tools and methods for providing effective drug delivery to the epileptic
focus. The use of the gene therapy techniques, such as overexpressing
of the KCC2 transporter in the epileptic focus, seems to be a more promising
approach. Another possible direction could be the use of optogenetic
tools, namely specially designed light-activated ion pumps or ion
channels. In this case, photon energy can be used to create the
required gradients of chloride and potassium ions, although these
methods also have significant limitations which complicate their
rapid introduction into medicine.