bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intimate partner violence (IPV) prevention using a cross-sectoral couple-based intervention: results from a cluster randomised control trial in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: John Neetu A , Adebayo Ayodeji , Boychuk Natalie A , OlaOlorun Funmilola 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIntimate partner violence (IPV) is the most common form of violence women experience globally. Economic empowerment interventions have been implemented across countries to prevent and address IPV, with mixed results. A sociological ‘male-backlash’ model suggests that addressing unequal gender norms is crucial to reduce IPV. This study evaluates the impact of a multipronged intervention among heterosexual couples in urban and periurban Ibadan that aimed at reducing IPV by increasing financial and reproductive literacy, fostering gender equality and improving relationship quality.MethodsA four-arm mixed-methods cluster randomised control trial was employed. Baseline data and end line data six months postintervention were collected to estimate changes in key outcomes. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 couples 2 years postintervention to explore the drivers of changes in outcomes. Difference-in-differences regression models were estimated to compare changes in IPV levels across the three intervention arms and control arm, and thematic analysis was conducted to understand drivers of change in IPV outcomes.ResultsPhysical IPV decreased significantly in the gender socialisation (GS) (β: −4.63 (SE: 2.12)) and GS and financial literacy (β: −4.61 (SE: 2.02)) groups as compared with the control group. Changes in emotional and sexual IPV were marginally significant or insignificant, respectively, suggesting that the intervention did not have an impact on non-physical forms of IPV. In the in-depth interviews, couples reported improved communication and trust, enhanced conflict management skills, and increased mutual respect as a result of participation across intervention arms, which may have facilitated the reduction of violence in their relationships.ConclusionThis study highlights the potential utility of gender transformative interventions for improving physical IPV outcomes. Future research should seek to understand the mechanisms that influence sexual and emotional IPV as their aetiology may be different from physical violence.Trail registration numberThe study protocol was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID:NCT03888495).
Single-cell transcriptome analysis revealed a suppressive tumor immune microenvironment in EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yang Lei , He Yun-Ting , Dong Song , Wei Xue-Wu , Chen Zhi-Hong , Zhang Bo , Chen Wei-Dong , Yang Xiao-Rong , Wang Fen , Shang Xue-Meng , Zhong Wen-Zhao , Wu Yi-Long , Zhou Qing 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundsImmunotherapy is less effective in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lower programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and tumor mutation burden (TMB) are reported to be the underlying mechanism. Being another important factor to affect the efficacy of immunotherapy, tumor microenvironment (TME) characteristics of this subgroup of NSCLC are not comprehensively understood up to date. Hence, we initiated this study to describe the specific TME of EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) from cellular compositional and functional perspectives to better understand the immune landscape of this most common subtype of NSCLC.MethodsWe used single-cell transcriptome sequencing and multiplex immunohistochemistry to investigate the immune microenvironment of EGFR-mutant and EGFR wild-type LUADs and determined the efficacy of immunotherapy. We analyzed single cells from nine treatment-naïve samples and compared them to three post-immunotherapy samples previously reported from single cell perspective using bioinformatics methods.ResultsWe found that EGFR-mutant malignant epithelial cells had similar characteristics to the epithelial cells in non-responders. EGFR-mutant LUAD lacked CD8+tissue-resident memory (TRM) cells, which could promote tertiary lymphoid structure generation by secreting CXCL13. In addition, other cell types, including tumor-associated macrophages and cancer-associated fibroblasts, which are capable of recruiting, retaining, and expanding CD8+TRM cells in the TME, were also deficient in EGFR-mutant LUAD. Furthermore, EGFR-mutant LUAD had significantly less crosstalk between T cells and other cell types via programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and PD-L1 or other immune checkpoints compared with EGFR wild-type LUAD.ConclusionsOur findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the immune landscape of EGFR-mutant LUAD at the single-cell level. Based on the results, many cellular components might have negative impact on the specific TME of EGFR-mutant LUAD through influencing CD8+TRM. Lack of CD8+TRM might be a key factor responsible for the suppressive TME of EGFR-mutant LUAD.
The association between gastrointestinal injury, complaints, and food intake in 60-km ultramarathon runners
Authors: van Venrooij Niek F.J. , Wardenaar Floris C. , Hoogervorst Daan , Senden Joan M.G. , van Dijk Jan-Willem , Jonvik Kristin L. 
Published: February 2022

We aimed to assess the association between gastrointestinal (GI) injury, complaints, and food intake in 60-km ultramarathon runners. Thirty-three ultramarathon runners provided pre- and post-race blood samples for assessment of GI injury by intestinal fatty-acid binding protein (I-FABP), and inflammatory response by interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP). GI complaints and nutritional intake were reported by a post-race questionnaire. GI complaints were reported by 73% of the runners, of which 20% reported 1 or 2 severe complaints. IL-6, IL8, TNF-α, and CRP increased significantly from pre- to post-race (P < 0.001 for all biomarkers), while I-FABP did not (1375 [IQR: 1264–2073] to 1726 [IQR: 985–3287] pg/mL; P = 0.330). The ‘GI complaints score’, as the integral of the number and severity of GI complaints, did not correlate with ΔI-FABP (rs: –0.050, P = 0.790) or energy intake (rs: 0.211, P = 0.260). However, there was a significant negative correlation between energy intake and ΔI-FABP (rs: –0.388, P = 0.031). In conclusion, GI complaints were neither associated with food intake nor GI injury as assessed by plasma I-FABP response. Energy intake, however, was inversely related to the I-FABP response to exercise. This finding suggests that substantial energy intakes during exercise may prevent exercise-induced GI injury as assessed by the I-FABP response. Novelty: No association between gastrointestinal complaints and gastrointestinal injury (I-FABP response) or food intake was present. There was an inverse correlation between energy intake and plasma I-FABP response, suggesting that higher energy intakes may prevent gastrointestinal injury as assessed by the I-FABP response.
Tainted ties: the structure and dynamics of corruption networks extracted from deferred prosecution agreements
Authors: Diviák Tomáš , Lord Nicholas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCorruption, bribery, and white-collar crime are inherently relational phenomena as actors involved in them exchange information, resources, and favours. These exchanges give rise to a network in which the actors are embedded. While this has been often emphasized in the literature, there is a lack of studies actually empirically examining the structural properties of corruption networks. We aim to fill this gap with this exploratory study analysing the networks of corporate and public sector bribery. We theoretically ground the network analysis in two compatible criminological frameworks: routine activity theory and analytical criminology. We extract information about relations and interactions among involved actors in three cases from Statements of Facts from Deferred Prosecution Agreements obtained from United Kingdom’s Serious Fraud Office. Our findings indicate that the bribery networks resemble core-periphery structure networks with ties predominantly concentrated between a few very central actors (core), who ad hoc engage with actors from the periphery. Moreover, we also see a strong tendency of actors to repeat interactions within certain dyads. In terms of temporal dynamics, we observe periods of relative inaction alternating with periods of frequent and repeated contacts triggered by the presence of contracts susceptible to corruption. We discuss these findings in terms of their policy implications for designing evidence-based intervention and prevention measures.
Modeling Mechanical Behaviors of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane in Fuel Cell Dynamic Operations
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Morshed Moshiur , Goshtasbi Alireza , Chen Jixin , Santare Michael H , Ersal Tulga 
Published: February 2022

Mechanical failure of the polymer electrolyte membrane in the form of cracks, pin-holes and delamination has been identified as a limiting factor in the durability of the fuel cell. The hydration/dehydration cycling of the membrane during the fuel cell operation, and the resulting mechanical stress, are in general responsible for the mechanical failures. For example, the cyclic mechanical stresses have been shown to play a significant role in propagating a crack through the thickness of a membrane [1], although there is also a synergistic acceleration of the degradation from the chemical stressors [2]. To understand this degradation, it is critical to thoroughly investigate the mechanical behaviors of the membrane under in-situ cyclic conditions, so that alleviating strategies focusing on the fuel cell operating conditions can be developed.
In this work, we have interfaced a two-dimensional transient fuel cell transport/performance model (Grulke model) in Comsol [3] with a viscoelastic-plastic membrane mechanical model developed at the University of Delaware [4]. The modeling domain used for these two models is shown in Fig. 1. The Grulke model has been used to produce the spatiotemporal profiles of membrane water content in an operating cell which are then sent to the membrane mechanical model for calculating the mechanical parameters of interest. The Grulke model has comprehensive consideration of species transport and reaction kinetics in a fuel cell. Leveraging such strength leads to enhanced capability and fidelity in predicting the in-situ water distribution, and therefore the stress and strain, in the membrane. Using the combined model, we have studied the impacts of dynamically cycling hydration, current and voltage on a membrane.

References:

[1] G, Ding, M. Santare, A. Karlsson, and A. Kusoglu, “Numerical evaluation of crack growth in polymer electrolyte fuel cell membranes based on plastically dissipated energy”, Journal of Power Sources 316, 114-123 (2016).
[2] A. Kusoglu and A. Weber, “Electrochemical/Mechanical Coupling in Ion-Conducting Soft Matter”, Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 6, 4547−4552 (2015).
[3] A. Goshtasbi, B. Pence, and T. Ersal, “A 2D through-the-membrane transient model for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells”, 232nd ECS meeting, National Harbor, MD, 2017.
[4] N. Khattra, A. Karlsson, M. Santare, P. Walsh, and F. Busby “Effect of time-dependent material properties on the mechanical behavior of PFSA membranes subjected to humidity cycling”, Journal of Power Sources 214, 365-376 (2012).

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In an Era of ctDNA, Is Metabolomics the New Kid on the Block?
Authors: Van Tine Brian A. , Lyssiotis Costas A. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryMass action drives the serum homeostasis of metabolites. Recent developments in biofluid metabolomics suggest the potential to harness these changes using small volumes of blood to diagnose, monitor, and risk stratify patients with cancer. This current study may represent a complementary technology to circulating tumor DNA detection.See related article by Larkin et al., p. 1651
Comparative Integumentary Morphology in Four Species of Pipa (Anura: Pipidae) from Colombia
Authors: Perez-Rojas Sebastian Enrique , Jerez Adriana 
Published: February 2022

As most neotropical pipids, the four species of Pipa present in Colombia are poorly understood despite their particular biology. The tegument of these New-World pipids presents particular structures which variations have been hardly analyzed. Therefore, we aim to describe the morphological variations of the dermal flap, barbels, fingertips, and the lateral line pattern among these four species, focusing on changes during the ontogeny. The results of the study show that the dermal flap was exclusively found in P. pipa, while barbels are usually present in P. pipa but seldom in P. snethlageae. The lateral line pattern in the dorsum is shared by the four species, but P. pipa present more neuromast lines along the snout than P. snethlageae. These species were different from P. parva and P. myersi, which cannot be distinguished based on external morphology, as they were more similar in all lateral line elements and exhibited the same fingertip morphology. On the other hand, the fingertips of young individuals of P. pipa and P. snethlageae presented four simple distal lobes which bifurcate twice during the ontogeny, so that adults present sixteen lobes. The difference between species is observed in the fingertip morphology: P. pipa has all four lobes distally placed, but P. snethlageae has one pair more proximal. The tegument structures analyzed here have a taxonomic utility using external morphology for P. pipa and P. snethlageae, but for P. parva and P. myersi additional studies are necessary. For future research, evaluating the function and anatomy of these structures is important to the understanding these integumentary structures in Pipa.
Bernard Flynn, leitor de Claude Lefort
Authors: Ramos Silvana de Souza 
Published: February 2022

Claude Lefort é um dos mais inovadores filósofos políticos de nossa época. Sua obra apresenta-se em grande parte, excetuando-se o livro dedicado a Maquiavel, por meio da compilação de ensaios escritos em períodos diversos e que giram em torno de problemas centrais, especialmente a caracterização da democracia e do totalitarismo. A tarefa de dar sentido a este projeto filosófico, dado o seu caráter assistemático, é bastante difícil. Assim, o trabalho de Bernard Flynn mostra-se extremamente fecundo para a interpretação do pensamento de Lefort. Ele defende que a junção entre a fenomenologia, filosofia que permite dissecar nosso acesso ao real ao interpretar a experiência vivida no interior do dispositivo simbólico democrático, e a leitura da tradição da filosofia política, capaz de produzir uma interpretação dos acontecimentos que marcam a modernidade, permite a Lefort criar uma nova compreensão do político. Este artigo pretende apresentar os principais aspectos dessa interpretação da obra de Lefort.
Developing a Commitment to Multicultural Education
Authors: Paccione Angela V. 
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to understand the factors and process involved in developing a commitment to multicultural education. The two questions that guided the study were (a) What kinds of life experiences contribute to a commitment to multicultural education ? and (b) What is the process by which individuals become committed to multicultural education ? The research methodology of content analysis was used to answer the first question and phenomenology was used to answer the second. The theoretical population for this study included all teachers in the United States who are committed to multicultural education/diversity. The tangible population included members of the National Association for Multicultural Education (NAME). The criterion sample for the study was those members of NAME who (a) were affiliated with prekindergarten through higher education in 1997, and (b) attended the 1997 NAME Annual Conference (n = 330). A questionnaire consisting of one open-ended and various standard demographic questions was mailed to the sample. Content analysis of the returned questionnaires revealed 11 factors that contributed to developing a commitment to multicultural education. Telephone interviews were also conducted with 45 volunteer respondents from the sample. Phenomenological analysis of the interviews strongly suggested thai a four-stage process can be used to describe the development of a commitment to multicultural education. The results of the study have implications for multicultural education and teacher education. Foremost in the conclusions of this study are the support for (a) cultural immersion experiences and (b) course work in multicultural education that evokes a critical analysis of the sociopolitical status quo in U. S. society.
Out on a Limb on Our Own: Uncertainty and Doubt in Moving from Subject-Centered to Interdisciplinary Teaching
Authors: Meister Denise G. , Nolan Jim 
Published: February 2022

This paper describes and interprets how five teachers of high school freshmen defined and made meaning of a change process in which they were involved. The restructuring initiative, which was administratively imposed, involved teaming, interdisciplinary teaching, and block scheduling. The study took place during the 1st year of implementation, 6 months after the team had received the mandate and prepared for the restructuring. The tools of inquiry included the following methods: (a) analysis of three in-depth phenomenological interviews, (b) participation observation, and (c) analyses of documents such as minutes from team meetings and curriculum planning sessions. Although several interrelated themes emerged, uncertainty and doubt became the pervading theme that had a critical and sometimes debilitating effect on the teaching team's ability to move from subject-based to interdisciplinary teaching. This uncertainty and doubt was magnified and perpetuated because of the deficit model utilized to implement the initiative: lack of teacher input into decision to restructure, the school's history of adopting trends, lack of professional development, lack of a written curriculum, lack of administrative leadership, and the pull between loyalty to subject and allegiance to team.
Revisiting the Supreme Court's Opinion in Brown v. Board of Education from a Multiculturalist Perspective
Authors: Brown Kevin 
Published: February 2022

This article looks back at the Supreme Court's school desegregation opinions, including Brown v. Board of Education, from the perspective of a multiculturalist. A multiculturalist prefers an American society that has learned to appreciate and value the existence of multiple racial and ethnic cultures. A prerequisite to accomplishing this multicultural vision of a utopian American society is to bring diverse racial and ethnic students together in public schools. But for this appreciation to occur, more than the physical presence of a racially and ethnically diverse student body is required. Thus a multiculturalist also wants to foster meaningful cross-cultural understanding, though not necessarily cross-cultural agreement. The Supreme Court's opinionin Brown produced significant positive changes in American society. Nevertheless, with the beginning of the termination of over 500 school desegregation decrees, the United States has entered a post desegregation era. Racial and ethnic segregation in public schools is likely to increase. Thus the utopian vision of a multiculturalist is not where our society is currently headed. After reexamining the Supreme Court's school desegregation opinions, I conclude by stating the reason the multicultural vision is not the one our society is moving toward. This vision was simply not part of the vision of public schools articulated by the Supreme Court in the school desegregation cases. If local school systems decide to engage in further efforts to bring racially and ethnically diverse students together, it must not be on the ideological basis of the Supreme Court's school desegregation opinions. The very kind of thinking about the issues of cultural diversity that Brown I was based upon is the very kind of thinking that must be overcome in order for true multicultural education to occur.
Plain Language Summary: Tympanostomy (Ear) Tubes in Children
Authors: Rosenfeld Richard M. , Keppel Kristina L. , Vaughan William K. , Monjur Taskin M. 
Published: February 2022

This plain language summary explains tympanostomy tubes, also known as ear tubes, to patients and families. The summary applies to children aged 6 months to 12 years with tympanostomy tubes or children being considered for tympanostomy tubes. It is based on the “Clinical Practice Guideline: Tympanostomy Tubes in Children (Update),” published in 2022 as a major update to the original guideline from 2013. This plain language summary is written explicitly for consumers, patients, and families as a companion publication to the full guideline, which provides greater detail for health care providers. A primary purpose is to facilitate insight and understanding that foster shared decision making regarding ear tubes. Guidelines and their recommendations may not apply to every child, but they do identify best practices and quality improvement opportunities that can help you and your child benefit most from ear tubes.
Moral injury and psychiatrists in public community mental health services
Authors: Maguire Paul A , Looi Jeffrey CL 
Published: February 2022

Objectives This study aims to provide a clinical update on moral injury from the perspective of a public sector community psychiatrist, and to outline approaches to addressing the issues raised. Conclusions Although not considered a mental illness, moral injury is an important condition for psychiatrists to have an awareness of, as it is associated with psychological distress and/or impairments in emotional, social or behavioural functioning. Potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) for community psychiatrists may include staff shortages and deficient resources rendering it difficult to provide an acceptable standard of professional care; time constraints negatively impacting teaching, supervising and mentoring medical students; cost-prohibition regarding preferred medication choices; lack of gender and cultural diversity of available psychiatrists; and work environments not conducive to psychiatrists speaking out about their concerns. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed and exacerbated PMIEs for some community psychiatrists. Whether or not a PMIE transitions to a moral injury may be influenced by the individual’s resilience and the quality of emotional, psychological and administrative support they receive before, during and after the potentially precipitating event. Preventative strategies to mitigate susceptibility to a moral injury may be implemented at both a systems level and individual level, and include collective healthcare advocacy action.