bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Depression and Suicide Risk Based on Text From Clinical Interviews Using Machine Learning: Possibility of a New Objective Diagnostic Marker
Authors: Shin Daun , Kim Kyungdo , Lee Seung-Bo , Lee Changwoo , Bae Ye Seul , Cho Won Ik , Kim Min Ji , Hyung Keun Park C. , Chie Eui Kyu , Kim Nam Soo , Ahn Yong Min 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundDepression and suicide are critical social problems worldwide, but tools to objectively diagnose them are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to diagnose depression through machine learning and determine whether it is possible to identify groups at high risk of suicide through words spoken by the participants in a semi-structured interview.MethodsA total of 83 healthy and 83 depressed patients were recruited. All participants were recorded during the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Through the suicide risk assessment from the interview items, participants with depression were classified into high-suicide-risk (31 participants) and low-suicide-risk (52 participants) groups. The recording was transcribed into text after only the words uttered by the participant were extracted. In addition, all participants were evaluated for depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and impulsivity. The chi-square test and student’s T-test were used to compare clinical variables, and the Naive Bayes classifier was used for the machine learning text model.ResultsA total of 21,376 words were extracted from all participants and the model for diagnosing patients with depression based on this text confirmed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.905, a sensitivity of 0.699, and a specificity of 0.964. In the model that distinguished the two groups using statistically significant demographic variables, the AUC was only 0.761. The DeLong test result (p-value 0.001) confirmed that the text-based classification was superior to the demographic model. When predicting the high-suicide-risk group, the demographics-based AUC was 0.499, while the text-based one was 0.632. However, the AUC of the ensemble model incorporating demographic variables was 0.800.ConclusionThe possibility of diagnosing depression using interview text was confirmed; regarding suicide risk, the diagnosis accuracy increased when demographic variables were incorporated. Therefore, participants’ words during an interview show significant potential as an objective and diagnostic marker through machine learning.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Videoconference vs. Face-to-Face Delivery of Behavior Therapy for Youths With Tourette Syndrome in the Time of COVID-19
Authors: Prato Adriana , Maugeri Nicoletta , Chiarotti Flavia , Morcaldi Lucia , Vicario Carmelo M. , Barone Rita , Rizzo Renata 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effectiveness of online remote behavior therapy, compared with face-to-face therapy in reducing tics and co-occurring disorders associated with the tics in a sample of youths with Tourette Syndrome.DesignA randomized controlled trial. TS patients were randomized to receive face-to-face or online remote behavior therapy.Participants40 children aged between 9 and 16 years affected by Tourette Syndrome.ResultsOnline remote and face-to-face behavior therapy are equally effective in the treatment of tics and co-occurring disorders in children and adolescents affected by Tourette Syndrome. Both groups showed an improvement in the severity of tics, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms, as assessed by neuropsychological findings. Online remote behavior therapy was more effective for reducing depressive symptoms than face-to-face behavior therapy.ConclusionsOnline remote behavior therapy is a promising tool for behavioral therapies for patients with Tourette Syndrome and may represents an alternative treatment option.
The Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Novel, On-Line Social Skills Intervention for Individuals With Prader-Willi Syndrome
Authors: Dykens Elisabeth M. , Roof Elizabeth , Hunt-Hawkins Hailee , McDonald Charles 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionPeople with neurodevelopmental disabilities, including Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), are at heightened risk for the negative sequalae of loneliness, including depression and anxiety. While societal factors such as stigma or limited social opportunities contribute to loneliness, so too do deficits in social cognition and social skills. People with PWS have specific difficulties recognizing affect in others, accurately interpreting social interactions, and taking the perspectives of others. These features, combined with hyperphagia, rigidity, and insistence on sameness conspire to impede the abilities of people with PWS to make and sustain friendships and reduce feelings of loneliness.MethodsWe developed and administered an intervention, Building Our Social Skills (BOSS), that aimed to improve social skill deficits in PWS. The 10-week intervention was administered on-line via Zoom to 51 young people with PWS in the U.S. (M age = 20.8, SD = 6.42). Two clinicians co-led groups of 6–8 participants in 30-min sessions, 3 times per week, and also trained 4 graduate students to co-lead groups with high fidelity. We used a pre-post intervention and 3-month follow-up design, with no control group, and mitigated this design limitation by triangulating across informants and methodologies. Specifically, parents completed the widely used Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and participants were individually interviewed about their friendships and loneliness. Interview responses were reliably coded by independent raters.ResultsRepeated measure multivariate analyses, with baseline values entered as covariates, revealed significant pre-to post-test improvements in the SRS's social cognition, motivation and communication subscales (p's &lt; 0.001), with large effect sizes (np2 = 0.920, 0.270, and 0.204, respectively). Participant and parental reports of loneliness were correlated with the CBCL's Internalizing domain, specifically the Anxiety/Depressed subdomain. Over time, parents reported getting along better with peers, increased contact with friends, more friends and less loneliness. Participants also reported significantly less loneliness and more friends.ConclusionsThis mixed method, proof-of-concept study demonstrated the feasibility of delivering an on-line social skills intervention to young people with PWS. As no differences were found between clinician vs. graduate student outcomes, the BOSS curriculum holds considerable promise for wider dissemination and implementation in the PWS community.
The Association Between Antipsychotics and Weight Gain and the Potential Role of Metformin Concomitant Use: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hakami Alqassem Y. , Felemban Razaz , Ahmad Rami Ghazi , Al-Samadani Abdulrahman H. , Salamatullah Hassan K. , Baljoon Jamil M. , Alghamdi Loay J. , Ramadani Sindi Mostafa H. , Ahmed Mohamed Eldigire 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundObesity and its complications are associated with several adverse effects that may cause a serious impact on health. Antipsychotics-induced weight gain (AIWG) is one of the major, yet often neglected side effects of first and second generations antipsychotics. Importantly, several researches have shown metformin to be effective in managing weight gain especially, with AIWG. This study investigated the effect of antipsychotics use on weight gain and the theory of metformin concomitant use on the prevention of AIWG.MethodsA retrospective cohort review of the medical records of patients from the psychiatry outpatient clinics in the King Abdulaziz Medical city, a tertiary hospital in Jeddah from May 2016 to August 2021. The population of patients in Psychiatry section was 4,141. The sampling technique was a non-random consecutive sampling technique. Moreover, the included patients’ records were divided to group 1 (patients on antipsychotics) and group 2 (patients using antipsychotics with Metformin).ResultsAccording to the study criteria, 395 patients’ records were included. A total of 309 (78%) patients were using antipsychotics without metformin, which in this study were depicted as group 1. In addition, a total of 86 (22%) were using antipsychotics with metformin, which in this study were assigned as group 2. Out of Group 1 patients (n= 309), only 67 patients experienced weight loss (21.68%), 43 remained with no weight change (13.92%), and 199 experienced weight gain (64.4%). Out of Group 2 patients (n= 86), 35 patients experienced weight loss (40.7%), 18 patients remained with no weight change (20.93%), and 33 experienced weight gain (38.37%). In addition, group 1 had a mean weight change of 2.5 kg, whereas group 2 had a mean weight change of −0.04 kg.ConclusionStatistical analysis revealed that patients on antipsychotics alone experienced weight gain, whereas the concomitant use of metformin showed reduction in the weight gain tendency. Thus, study outcomes indicate that concomitant use of metformin with antipsychotics might significantly reduce the AIWG.
Assessing Real-World Racial Differences Among Patients With Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in US Community Practices
Authors: Tan Ruoding , Cassoli Lourenia , Yan Ying , Shen Vincent , Day Bann-mo , Mitchell Edith P. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveReal-world data characterizing differences between African American (AA) and White women with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) are limited. Using 9 years of data collected from community practices throughout the United States, we assessed racial differences in the proportion of patients with mTNBC, and their characteristics, treatment, and overall survival (OS).MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed de-identified data from 2,116 patients with mTNBC in the Flatiron Health database (January 2011 to March 2020). Characteristics and treatment patterns between AA and White patients with mTNBC were compared using descriptive statistics. OS was examined using Kaplan-Meier analysis and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model.ResultsAmong patients with metastatic breast cancer, more AA patients (23%) had mTNBC than White patients (12%). This difference was particularly pronounced in patients who lived in the Northeast, were aged 45–65, had commercial insurance, and had initial diagnosis at stage II. AA patients were younger and more likely to have Medicaid. Clinical characteristics and first-line treatments were similar between AA and White patients. Unadjusted median OS (months) was shorter in AA (10.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.1, 11.7) vs. White patients (11.9; 95% CI: 10.9, 12.8) but not significantly different. After adjusting for potential confounders, the hazard ratio for OS was 1.09 (95% CI: 0.95, 1.25) for AA vs. White patients.ConclusionsThe proportion of patients with mTNBC was higher in AA than White mBC patients treated in community practices. Race did not show an association with OS. Both AA and White patients with mTNBC received similar treatments. OS was similarly poor in both groups, particularly in patients who had not received any documented anti-cancer treatment. Effective treatment remains a substantial unmet need for all patients with mTNBC.
Examining Primary Care Physicians' Intention to Perform Cervical Cancer Screening Services Using a Theory of Planned Behavior: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: Hu Zhiqing , Sun Yanjun , Ma Yuhao , Chen Kejin , Lv Ling , Wang Lingling , He Yuan 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPromoting cervical cancer screening (CCS) is undoubtedly effective in combating severe public health problems in developing countries, but there are challenges to its implementation. Understanding the factors influencing primary care physicians' intentions to provide CCSs to rural women is crucial for the future implementation of screening programs. The aim of this study was to assess the intentions of primary care physicians to provide cervical cancer screening services (CCSSs) to rural women and their determinants.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 1,308 primary care physicians in rural primary health care, and the data collection tool was developed based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), which included demographic characteristics, the basic constructs of TPB, and the degree of knowledge of CCSSs as an extended variable of the TPB model. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationships between each factor.ResultsPathway analysis found that TPB is an appropriate theoretical basis for predicting primary care physicians' intent to provide CCSSs (χ2/df = 2.234 &lt; 3, RMSEA = 0.035, and SRMR = 0.034). Meanwhile, the structural equation model showed that attitude (β = 0.251, p &lt; 0.001), subjective norm (β = 0.311, p &lt; 0.001), perceived behavioral control (β = 0.162, p &lt; 0.001), and knowledge level (β = 0.152, p &lt; 0.01) positively predicted primary care physicians' intention to provide CCSSs.ConclusionsTPB model, with the addition of knowledge, was useful in predicting primary care physicians' intention to provide CCSSs for rural Chinese women. The findings of this study provide a reference for the government and hospitals to develop strategies to improve the intent of primary care physicians to provide CCSSs.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Lockdown: Morbidity, Perception, Behaviors, and Attitudes in French Families From the PARIS Birth Cohort
Authors: Citerne Antoine , Rancière Fanny , Roda Célina , Momas Isabelle 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundFew studies have examined the overall experience of adolescents and their families during COVID-19 lockdowns. This study describes COVID-19-related morbidity in the PARIS birth cohort families during the first lockdown in France and identifies family profiles in terms of morbidity, perception, behaviors, and attitudes.MethodsOnline questionnaires were sent to adolescents of the PARIS birth cohort and their parents. Possible COVID-19 was defined by symptoms using the ECDC definition. Household transmission was estimated by calculating the observed clinical secondary attack rates. Perception, behaviors and attitudes were assessed by levels of stress, degree of satisfaction regarding levels of information about COVID-19, degree of agreement with the lockdown and preventive measures. COVID-19 morbidity in adolescents and parents was compared using chi-squared or Student's t-tests. Within each family, perception, behaviors, and attitudes were compared between adolescents and parents using matched-pairs tests. To identify contrasting family profiles, a K-means cluster analysis was implemented.ResultsOf 1,549 families contacted, 1,051 (68%) participated. Adolescents were less affected by possible COVID-19 than their parents (138.7 vs. 192.7 per 1,00,000 person-days). Household transmission of possible COVID-19 was higher when possible COVID-19 came from adults than from adolescents. Most families implemented preventive measures. Adolescents and parents generally shared the same attitudes, but adolescents were less compliant with restrictive measures. Four family profiles were identified which differed mainly regarding family stress, COVID-19 in the household, and compliance with preventive measures.ConclusionImproving information dissemination to parents and adolescents, including dedicated adolescent messages, would increase adherence to preventive measures.
The Role of Surgery in Patients with COVID-19-Related Thoracic Complications
Authors: Raveglia Federico , Scarci Marco , Rimessi Arianna , Orlandi Riccardo , Rebora Paola , Cioffi Ugo , Guttadauro Angelo , Ruffini Enrico , Benvenuti Mauro , Cardillo Giuseppe , Patrini Davide , Vannucci Fernando , Yusuf Nasser , Jindal Pramoj , Cerfolio Robert 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivePatients with several thoracic complications induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection may benefit from surgery, but its role in this condition is largely unknown, and many surgeons’ advice against any surgical referrals. Our aim is to investigate the efficacy and safety of surgery in COVID-19 patients with thoracic complications requiring surgery.MethodsWe designed a multicenter observational study, involving nine thoracic surgery departments, evaluating patients who developed thoracic complications in hospital, surgically managed from March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2021. An overall 30-day mortality was obtained by using the Kaplan–Meier method. Multivariable Cox regression model and logistic models were applied to identify the variables associated with mortality and postoperative complications.ResultsAmong 83 patients, 33 (40%) underwent surgery for complicated pneumothorax, 17 (20.5%) for pleural empyema, 13 (15.5%) for hemothorax, 8 (9.5%) for hemoptysis, 5 patients (6%) for lung abscess, 4 (5%) for infected pneumatoceles, and 3 (3.5%) for other causes. Within 30 days of surgery, 60 patients (72%) survived. At multivariable analysis, age (HR 1.05 [95% CI, 1.01, 1.09], p = 0.022), pulmonary hypertension (HR 3.98 [95% CI, 1.09, 14.5], p = 0.036), renal failure (HR 2.91 [95% CI, 1.19, 7.10], p-value 0.019), thoracotomy (HR 4.90 [95% CI, 1.84, 13.1], p-value 0.001) and infective affections (HR 0.17 [95% CI, 0.05, 0.58], p-value 0.004) were found to be independent prognostic risk factors for 30-day mortality. Age (OR 1.05 [95% CI, 1.01, 1.10], p = 0.023) and thoracotomy (OR 3.85 [95% CI, 1.35, 12.0] p = 0.014) became significant predictors for 30-day morbidity.ConclusionSurgical management of COVID-19-related thoracic complications is affected by high mortality and morbidity rates, but a 72% survival rate still seems to be satisfactory with a rescue intent. Younger patients without pulmonary hypertension, without renal insufficiency and undergoing surgery for infectious complications appear to have a better prognosis.
Supporting people with pain-related distress in primary care consultations: a qualitative study
Authors: Shivji Noureen A , Geraghty Adam WA , Birkinshaw Hollie , Pincus Tamar , Johnson Helen , Little Paul , Moore Michael , Stuart Beth , Chew-Graham Carolyn A 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundLow mood and distress are commonly reported by people who have persistent musculoskeletal (MSK) pain, which may be labelled as ‘depression’. It is important to understand how pain-related distress is conceptualised and managed in primary care consultations.AimTo explore understanding of pain-related distress and depression from the perspectives of people with persistent MSK pain and GPs.Design and settingQualitative study with people with persistent MSK pain and GPs from different parts of the UK.MethodSemi-structured interviews conducted remotely and data analysed thematically.ResultsMost participants reported challenges in distinguishing between distress and depression in the context of persistent MSK pain, but also described strategies to make this distinction. Some people described how acceptance of their situation was key and involved optimism about the future and creation of a new identity. Some GPs expressed ‘therapeutic nihilism’, with uncertainty about the cause of pain and how to manage people with both persistent MSK pain and distress in primary care consultations, while GPs who could identify and build on optimism with patients described how to help the patient to move forwards.ConclusionThis study offers a framework for the primary care consultation with patients presenting with pain-related distress. GPs should recognise the impact of persistent MSK pain on the patient and support the person in coming to terms with their pain, explore how the person feels about the future, encourage optimism, and support self-management strategies.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as a model of premature aging: the pathogenetic role of mitochondria
Authors: Бродская Т.А. , Невзорова В.А. , Гельцер Б.И. , Кабалык М.А. , Шекунова О.И. , Багирова А.Э. 
Published: May 2022

Накопленные данные позволяют отнести ХОБЛ к заболеваниям с типичными чертами преждевременного старения. Современные теории патогенеза ХОБЛ включают ряд взаимосвязанных концепций, доминирующих в различные временны́е периоды. В данной работе на основании анализа результатов собственных и опубликованных научных исследований продемонстрировано, что митохондриально-опосредованный компонент представляется связующим звеном большинства признанных теорий патогенеза ХОБЛ как модели раннего преждевременного старения. Вопросы участия митохондрий в патогенезе ХОБЛ активно исследуются, но до конца не изучены и не всегда имеют однозначное толкование. В работе систематизированы сведения о вкладе дисфункции митохондрий в различные аспекты патогенеза ХОБЛ, включая взаимосвязи процессов воспаления, гипоксии, окислительного стресса, протеазного дисбаланса, повреждения тканевого и клеточного дифферона с перепрограммированием метаболизма и накоплением пула клеток с «состаренным» фенотипом. Наблюдения свидетельствуют, что митохондриальная дисфункция может быть ключевым фактором, способствующим инициации и прогрессированию ХОБЛ, накоплению системных эффектов, формированию коморбидности и преждевременному старению. Аргументирование данной концепции обеспечивает доказательную основу для разработки перспективных, патогенетически обоснованных таргетных стратегий профилактики и контроля ХОБЛ на топическом и системном уровне.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease with typical features of premature aging. Modern theories of the pathogenesis of COPD include a number of interrelated concepts that dominate in different time periods. In this work, based on the analysis of the results of our own and published scientific studies, it is demonstrated that the mitochondria-mediated component seems to be the link of most of the recognized theories of the pathogenesis of COPD as a model of early premature aging. The issues of mitochondrial involvement in the pathogenesis of COPD are actively studied, but are not fully understood and do not always have an unambiguous interpretation. The paper systematizes information on the contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to various aspects of the pathogenesis of COPD, including the relationship between inflammation, hypoxia, oxidative stress, protease imbalance, damage to tissue and cellular phenotype with reprogramming of metabolism and accumulation of a pool of cells with an «aged» phenotype. Observations suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction may be a key factor contributing to the initiation and progression of COPD, the accumulation of systemic effects, the formation of comorbidity, and premature aging. The argumentation of this concept provides an evidence-based basis for the development of promising, pathogenetically substantiated targeted strategies for the prevention and control of COPD at the topical and systemic levels.