bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-invasive stimulation of the human striatum disrupts reinforcement learning of motor skills
Authors: Vassiliadis Pierre , Beanato Elena , Popa Traian , Windel Fabienne , Morishita Takuya , Neufeld Esra , Duque Julie , Derosiere Gerard , Wessel Maximilian J. , Hummel Friedhelm C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractReinforcement feedback can improve motor learning, but the underlying brain mechanisms remain underexplored. Especially, the causal contribution of specific patterns of oscillatory activity within the human striatum is unknown. To address this question, we exploited an innovative, non-invasive deep brain stimulation technique called transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation (tTIS) during reinforcement motor learning with concurrent neuroimaging, in a randomised, sham-controlled, double-blind study. Striatal tTIS applied at 80Hz, but not at 20Hz, abolished the benefits of reinforcement on motor learning. This effect was related to a selective modulation of neural activity within the striatum. Moreover, 80Hz, but not 20Hz tTIS increased the neuromodulatory influence of the striatum on frontal areas involved in reinforcement motor learning. These results show for the first time that tTIS can non-invasively and selectively modulate a striatal mechanism involved in reinforcement learning, opening new horizons for the study of causal relationships between deep brain structures and human behaviour.
Genome-wide association identifies impacts of chlorophyll levels on reproductive maturity and architecture in maize
Authors: Khangura Rajdeep S. , Johal Gurmukh S. , Dilkes Brian P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe semi-dominant mutant alleleOy1-N1989encodes a dominant-negative subunit I of Mg-Chelatase that catalyzes the first committed step of chlorophyll biosynthesis. Analyses of mutant F1 hybrids from crosses ofOy1-N1989to diverse maize lines identified a natural variant atoil yellow1as major modifier of chlorophyll content. Chlorophyll reduction increased the time to reproductive maturity, decreased stalk width, and had complex effects on plant height. We explored these effects by genome wide association studies of F1 hybrids crosses ofOy1-N1989to a maize diversity panel. The delay in reproductive maturity inOy1-N1989/+ mutants neither altered the vegetative-to-adult phase change nor total leaf number but did slow the rate of organ emergence from the whorl. In addition to the allele atoy1, analysis of tetrapyrrole, heme, and chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway genes identified multiple modifiers of mutant traits. Consistent with organ emergence, rather than a developmental delay, affecting the reproductive delay ofOy1-N1989/+ mutants, known flowering time regulators did not affect variation in the reproductive delay affected by chlorophyll loss. Plant height showed a complex relationship with chlorophyll. TheOy1-N1989/+ mutant F1 plants with a modest reduction in chlorophyll were taller than their wildtype siblings, but F1 plants with dramatically decreased chlorophyll were shorter than their wildtype siblings. Perturbations in the biosynthesis of the phytochrome chromophore increased plant height in wild-type plants but dramatically reduced plant height and chlorophyll contents ofOy1-N1989/+ mutants. The mechanism by which the interaction between chlorophyll and bilin affects height and chlorophyll remains to be explored.One sentence summaryChlorophyll reduction in maize delays reproductive maturity by altering growth and not development, and depending on the reduction can either increase or decrease plant height.
Comparative analysis of single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-sequencing in a rabbit model of retinal detachment-related proliferative vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Santiago Clayton P. , Gimmen Megan Y. , Lu Yuchen , McNally Minda M. , Duncan Leighton H. , Creamer Tyler J. , Orzolek Linda D. , Blackshaw Seth , Singh Mandeep S. 
Published: November 2022

Structured AbstractPurposeProliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the most common cause of failure of retinal reattachment surgery and the molecular changes leading to this aberrant wound healing process is currently unknown. We aimed to study PVR pathogenesis using single-cell transcriptomics to dissect cellular heterogeneity in a rabbit PVR model.MethodsPVR was induced unilaterally in Dutch Belted rabbits. At different timepoints following PVR induction, retinas were dissociated into either cells or nuclei suspension and processed for single-cell or single-nucleus RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq or snRNA-seq).ResultsscRNA-Seq and snRNA-Seq were conducted on retinas at 4 hours and 14 days after disease induction. While the capture rate of unique molecular identifiers (UMI) and genes were greater in scRNA-seq samples, overall gene expression profiles of individual cell types were highly correlated between scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq. A major disparity between the two sequencing modalities is the cell type capture rate, however, with glial cell types over-represented in scRNA-seq, and inner retinal neurons were enriched by snRNA-seq. Furthermore, fibrotic Müller glia were over-represented in snRNA-seq samples, while reactive Müller glia were in scRNA-seq samples. Trajectory analyses were similar between the two methods, allowing for the combined analysis of the scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq datasets.ConclusionsThese findings highlight limitations of both scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq analysis and imply that use of both techniques can more accurately identify transcriptional networks critical for aberrant fibrogenesis in PVR.
Adversarial Attacks on Genotype Sequences
Authors: Montserrat Daniel Mas , Ioannidis Alexander G. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTAdversarial attacks can drastically change the output of a method by performing a small change on its input. While they can be a useful framework to analyze worst-case robustness, they can also be used by malicious agents to perform damage in machine learning-based applications. The proliferation of platforms that allow users to share their DNA sequences and phenotype information to enable association studies has led to an increase in large databases. Such open platforms are, however, vulnerable to malicious users uploading corrupted genetic sequence files that could damage downstream studies. Such studies commonly include steps involving the analysis of the genomic sequence’s structure using dimensionality reduction techniques and ancestry inference methods. In this paper we show how white-box gradient-based adversarial attacks can be used to corrupt the output of genomic analyses, and we explore different machine learning techniques to detect such manipulations.
ScAN1.0: A Reproducible and Standardized Pipeline for Processing 10X Single Cell Rnaseq Data
Authors: Lepetit Maxime , Ilie Mirela Diana , Chanal Marie , Raverot Gerald , Bertolino Philippe , Arpin Christophe , Picard Franck , Gandrillon Olivier 
Published: November 2022

1AbstractSingle cell transcriptomics has recently seen a surge in popularity, leading to the need for data analysis pipelines that are reproducible, modular, and interoperable across different systems and institutions.To meet this demand, we introducescAN1.0, a processing pipeline for analyzing 10X single cell RNA sequencing data.scAN1.0is built using the Nextflow DSL2 and can be run on most computational systems. The modular design of Nextflow pipelines enables easy integration and evaluation of different blocks for specific analysis steps.We demonstrate the usefulness ofscAN1.0by showing its ability to examine the impact of the mapping step during the analysis of two datasets: (i) a 10X scRNAseq of a human pituitary gonadotroph tumor dataset and (ii) a murine 10X scRNAseq acquired on CD8 T cells during an immune response.
Labour policy in the face of the COVID-19 socio-economic crisis in Spain: institutional change and social pacts
Authors: Cárdenas Luis , Villanueva Paloma 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThis study aims to analyse the institutional changes in the Spanish labour market in the light of the measures introduced to support workers during the COVID-19 crisis. Applying the theoretical framework the authors’ hypothesis is that the labour policy response to the crisis provoked by COVID-19 in Spain has ranged from strategy of preservation of the social democratic coalition to the anti-bourgeois bloc coalition with a greater presence of social pacts and the support of the social partners.Design/methodology/approachCombining the institutional theory of liberalisation trajectories, the four ideal-typical reform strategies and the social pacts literature, the authors analyse the change in the labour market policy orientation during the COVID-19 economic crisis in Spain.FindingsIn comparison to the Great Recession labour policy response, short-time work schemes and new benefits have characterised the 2020 labour policy strategy. Then, the labour policy response has oscillated between, on the one hand, a strategy of preservation of the social democratic coalition, which is characterised by measures to protect workers on the margins of the labour market without affecting the discretionary power of employers. On the other hand, a strategy of the anti-bourgeois bloc coalition, reflected in the employment safeguard clause that attempts to limit both external numerical flexibility and the increase in unemployment. Finally, the authors have analysed whether the labour policies after the COVID-19 crisis constitute a new round of social pacts in Spain and how this took place. They conclude that the main measures approved in the area of employment protection have been supported by social pacts and the social partners (trade unions and employers), as reflected in the signing of the Social Agreement in Defence of Employment (ASDE).Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is a significant contribution as it is the first article to point out that the labour policy represents a change in the trajectory of liberalisation, limiting the discretionary power of employers and re-regulating the labour market. The main measure of (re)regulation has been to safeguard employment and to avoid objective or unfair dismissals, which is the traditional form of adjustment. In other words, internal numerical flexibility has been promoted over external flexibility, thus significantly modifying the orientation of labour policy. Finally, the authors have found that social pacts have allowed for greater institutional coherence between legal changes and the behaviour of employers and workers.
Convective flow over heat dissipating fins for application of electronic package cooling using curved boundary scheme lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Hasani Malekshah Emad , Hussein Ahmed Kadhim , Kolsi Lioua 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to address a problem in cooling of an electronic package where the dissipating fins transfer the extra heat energy from the heat source (i.e. electronic devices) to the heat sink (i.e. environment). To this end, the convective heat transfer of nanofluid flow over dissipating fins is simulated using a numerical approach, whereas the properties of nanofluid are evaluated based on the experimental measurements and used in the numerical process.

Design/methodology/approach
To simulate the convective flow, the lattice Boltzmann method is used. Also, the curved boundary scheme is used to enhance the capability of lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) in the simulation of natural convection in curved boundaries. In addition, the second law analysis is used based on total and local approaches.

Findings
To improve the cooling performance of fins, a modern technique is used, which is using of nanofluid. For this purpose, samples of SiO2-liquid paraffin with mass fractions of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 (Wt.%) in a temperature range of 25–60 °C are provided, and the required thermal and physical properties of samples including thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity are measured during experimental work. The extracted results are used in the numerical simulations using derived correlations.

Originality/value
The originality of the present work is using a modern numerical method in the investigation of an engineering application and combining it with experimental data.
Conditional cash transfer and early marriage: a case study of Mataram City, West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Hartarto Romi Bhakti , Wibowo Wahyu Tri 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
This study aims to understand whether the implementation of Indonesian conditional cash transfer (CCT), namely, Family Hope Program (FHP), holds the potential for influencing perceptions of beneficiary households in Mataram City about children’s education and early marriage.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used qualitative research methods of semi-structured in-depth interviews with beneficiary households. A total of 18 households with adolescent girls receiving FHP throughout six subdistricts in Mataram City were taken as key informants. Having mapped codes into the Capacity, Opportunity, Motivation – Behavior model, this study used thematic analysis to identify the most mentioned factors to facilitate and to hinder the efforts of early marriage prevention.

Findings
This study reveals that the FHP beneficiaries had realized the importance of education for their children, which could be used as a facilitator for the FHP to prevent early marriages. On the other hand, local customary arrangement was found to be the main barrier for the government to prevent early marriage cases in Mataram City. This barrier was exacerbated with rebellious character of the children. Therefore, the implementation of local customary arrangement needs to be evaluated together with more socialization about the consequence of early marriage to the children through the role of program facilitators or teachers at school.

Originality/value
Different from existing literature in CCT and early marriage which uses quantitative analysis, this study uses qualitative approach to construe the views and perceptions of the program participants. Use of the qualitative approach offers a different viewpoint and supplements the existing literature in this area.
Corporate board structures, financial performance and stability: evidence from banking markets in Africa
Authors: Asare Nicholas , Muah Patricia , Frimpong George , Anyass Ibrahim Ahmed 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThis study aims to examine the effects of board structures (BS) on the financial performance and stability of banks in Africa.Design/methodology/approachUsing annual data of 366 banks from 26 African countries from 2007 to 2015, the study estimates growths in financial performance using net interest margin and risk-adjusted return on assets; bank stability using z-scores; and BS using board size, board independence and board gender diversity. The system generalized method of moments and ordinary least squares panel-corrected standard error estimation strategies are used to estimate panel regressions.FindingsThe study concludes that board independence has a negative and significant relationship with financial stability but has diverse relationships with financial performance. Board size and board gender diversity have insignificant relationships with financial performance and stability.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has relevant implications for practitioners, policymakers and the academic community. The findings provide evidence of the extent to which BS have been instituted to influence the financial profitability and stability of banks in Africa.Originality/valueThis study offers robust evidence on the role of BS in the performance and stability of banks; using a multidimensional conceptualization of the performance and stability of banks in 26 countries in Africa.
Risk factors affecting the mental health of first-year university students on a health sciences campus and related factors
Authors: Erol Saime , Gur Kamer , Karaca Semra , Çalık K. Burcu , Uzuner Arzu , Apaydın Kaya Çiğdem 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to determine the mental health status and risk factors for the mental health of first-year university students on a health sciences campus.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a descriptive study. The research was conducted with first-year students in the health sciences, dentistry and medical faculties of a state university (n = 770). The data were collected with a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Risk Behavior of Young Adults Survey, the Bergen Insomnia Scale, General Health Questionnaire-28 and the Mental Health Improvement Scale. Body mass ındex was calculated.

Findings
Among the students, 53.7% experienced feelings of hopelessness in the last year and 1% had attempted suicide. The percentage of students found to be at risk in terms of mental health was 41.9%; 39.4% reported that they suffered from insomnia. It was found that those who had been subjected to bullying, felt hopelessness, had suicidal thoughts, planned to commit suicide and students who experienced sleeping problems were more at risk in terms of psychological issues (p < 0.01). Insomnia (β: 3.341) and smoking (β: 2.226) were identified as the strongest risk factors for mental health in first-year health sciences students (p < 0.005).

Practical implications
The results of the research offer an opportunity to get to know the characteristics of first-year university students who are at risk for mental health. It offers the opportunity to closely monitor and protect the mental health of students starting from the first grade.

Originality/value
In this study, it was determined that approximately half of the first-year university students were in the risk group in terms of mental health. Female gender, having a chronic illness, smoking a day or more in the past 30 days, not doing any physical activity, having a weak BMI, being bullied in the past 12 months, being cyberbullied in the past 12 months and having insomnia have been identified as risk factors that negatively affect mental health.
Moral courage: restoring well-being, community, and capacity within the post-pandemic university
Authors: Humphreys Melanie Jeanne 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to spark dialogue regarding what it takes to lead well as a university leader post-pandemic. While much has been written about the future challenges facing universities, not a lot has been written about the kind of moral courage that is required to lead them. There never has been a more important time for strong leadership from university presidents; leadership that supports human flourishing and learning in all its forms.

Design/methodology/approach
Discussion focuses on the role of presidents in leading the post-pandemic university. The author speaks from experience on the need to restore well-being, community, and capacity for a more hopeful and resilient future.

Findings
This study makes a case for a post-pandemic university needing to be marked by courage and humanity. Students are looking for universities to align with what they care about and what is relevant to their experience and future. Responsibility falls to leaders within the academy to restore well-being, community and capacity across the university.

Research limitations/implications
Leading a university as president, at the best of times, is a complex and rewarding role. Leading during a global pandemic could hardly get more challenging. It is hoped that this paper will generate additional discussion as to what it means to lead well in the academy.

Originality/value
The author’s experience having led a university through one of the most challenging times in our history may provide a perspective for colleagues and future leaders of the university sector.
The prospect of higher education marketing: adaption, transition or hybridisation?
Authors: Nair Bipithalal Balakrishnan , Dileep M.R. , Walia Sandeep K. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
This study aims to examine the impacts of the forced shift to online/hybrid learning on international students’ perceptions and behaviour. It aims to understand the direction of future university marketing changes to address this vital and urgent concern.

Design/methodology/approach
This study deployed an explorative qualitative design and data collected through interviews (n, 20) with prospective international students.

Findings
The study identified four main themes: mode of class operation, that is, the balance between online/offline/hybrid modes of course delivery; enhanced level of flexibility in terms of both visa regulations and financial aid; strategic use of social media and virtual tools to connect with and impress the international student community; and evidence of digitalization and experiential learning.

Practical implications
This study has many theoretical and managerial implications. As international students perceive COVID-19 as an under-researched theme in the higher education market, the study’s outcome helps understand the grey areas of expectation versus reality in higher education marketing.

Originality/value
This research offers a new perspective from the demand side on higher education marketing strategies amid COVID-19.
Digital technology can transform the executive search process making it more efficient, more accurate and more accountable
Authors: Ramakrishnan Umesh 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the potential for digital technology allied with industry experience to disrupt the executive recruitment process and transform executive search. To do this, it examines the pioneering steps taken by a leading executive search firm that placed supporting digital technologies at the heart of its business model, its search processes and its relationship management with clients and candidates.

Design/methodology/approach
Individual-level information gathered from the firm and other stakeholders.

Findings
The application of digital technologies is transforming the executive search process, providing particular benefits around accuracy, accountability and speed. This is true for all aspects of the process, from the initial mandate through to the eventual hiring decision and onboarding of the successful candidate. It is also true for all the participants as using these technologies changes the nature of the interactions between members of the search ecosystem, enabling them to create and contribute greater value to the search process. By embracing these new technologies, organizations are better placed to exploit future developments in technology, such as the metaverse.

Originality/value
The case study reveals how embracing and engaging with digital technology enables participants in the executive search process to use new tools and methodologies and maximize the value they contribute and obtain from the search process.