bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MILP Sensitivity Analysis for the Objective Function Coefficients
Authors: Andersen Kim Allan , Boomsma Trine Krogh , Nielsen Lars Relund 
Published: September 2022

This paper presents a new approach to sensitivity analysis of the objective function coefficients in mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). We determine the maximal region of the coefficients for which the current solution remains optimal. The region is maximal in the sense that, for variations beyond this region, the optimal solution changes. For variations in a single objective function coefficient, we show how to obtain the region by biobjective mixed-integer linear programming. In particular, we prove that it suffices to determine the two extreme nondominated points adjacent to the optimal solution of the MILP problem. Furthermore, we show how to extend the methodology to simultaneous changes to two or more coefficients by use of multiobjective analysis. Two examples illustrate the applicability of the approach. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoo.2022.0078 .
Exactness of Parrilo’s Conic Approximations for Copositive Matrices and Associated Low Order Bounds for the Stability Number of a Graph
Authors: Laurent Monique , Vargas Luis Felipe 
Published: September 2022

De Klerk and Pasechnik introduced in 2002 semidefinite bounds [Formula: see text] for the stability number [Formula: see text] of a graph G and conjectured their exactness at order [Formula: see text]. These bounds rely on the conic approximations [Formula: see text] introduced by Parrilo in 2000 for the copositive cone [Formula: see text]. A difficulty in the convergence analysis of the bounds is the bad behavior of Parrilo’s cones under adding a zero row/column: when applied to a matrix not in [Formula: see text] this gives a matrix that does not lie in any of Parrilo’s cones, thereby showing that their union is a strict subset of the copositive cone for any [Formula: see text]. We investigate the graphs for which the bound of order r≤1 is exact: we algorithmically reduce testing exactness of [Formula: see text] to acritical graphs, we characterize the critical graphs with [Formula: see text] exact, and we exhibit graphs for which exactness of [Formula: see text] is not preserved under adding an isolated node. This disproves a conjecture posed by Gvozdenović and Laurent in 2007, which, if true, would have implied the above conjecture by de Klerk and Pasechnik. Funding: This work is supported by the European Union’s Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Grant Agreement Polynomial Optimization, Efficiency through Moments and Algebra [Grant 813211].
Reining in Onion Prices by Introducing a Vertically Differentiated Substitute: Models, Analysis, and Insights
Authors: Yayla-Küllü H. Müge , Palsule-Desai Omkar D. , Gavirneni Srinagesh 
Published: September 2022

Problem definition: Onion is an indispensable ingredient of the Indian diet, and plays a vital role in Indian economy, society, and politics. The ever-lasting volatility in its prices leads to significant social unrest. In this paper, we are interested in helping decision makers to rigorously evaluate a recent policy proposal to make dehydrated onion widely available to remedy the situation. Methodology/results: Using a stylized analytical model, we look for conditions under which it is optimal to introduce a processed substitute and whether it should be managed by nonprofit or for-profit firms. We find that the solution is identified by threshold-based policies and outcomes are far better under the nonprofit management. We also find that a nonprofit processing firm may purposefully choose a strategy where consumers do not purchase its offering for a certain medium range of raw onion deterioration levels. In addition, we find that a for-profit firm would always choose to be the lower-quality substitute in the market unless the raw onion deterioration is high. We also find that when supply capacity is constrained, sales of the processed substitute might decrease with increased supply availability. Managerial implications: This is the first paper that takes perishability and consumer welfare into account in a two-period vertically differentiated market model and compares various scenarios of competition when there is consumer prejudice for the processed substitute. For India’s policymakers, we find ample evidence to work toward implementing the processed substitute policy. We go deep and discuss tailored insights for certain regions in India. We find that although improved consumer perception is favorable in general, policymakers should be careful about some unintended consequences such as increased prices and lower availability.Funding: O. D. Palsule-Desai acknowledges financial support provided by Indian Institute of Management Indore.Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1145 .
Temporal trends in comorbidity in adult elective hip and knee arthroplasty patients in England
Authors: Penfold Chris M. , Judge Andrew , Sayers Adrian , Whitehouse Michael R. , Wilkinson J. M. , Blom Ashley W. 
Published: September 2022

Aims Our main aim was to describe the trend in the comorbidities of patients undergoing elective total hip arthroplasties (THAs) and knee arthroplasties (KAs) between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2018 in England. Methods We combined data from the National Joint Registry (NJR) on primary elective hip and knee arthroplasties performed between 2005 and 2018 with pre-existing conditions recorded at the time of their primary operation from Hospital Episodes Statistics. We described the temporal trend in the number of comorbidities identified using the Charlson Comorbidity Index, and how this varied by age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, index of multiple deprivation, and type of KA. Results We included 696,504 and 833,745 elective primary THAs and KAs respectively, performed for any indication. Between 2005 and 2018, the proportion of elective THA and KA patients with one or more comorbidity at the time of their operation increased substantially (THA: 20% to 38%, KA: 22% to 41%). This was driven by increases in four conditions: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2018: ~17%), diabetes without complications (2018: THA 10%, KA 14%), myocardial infarction (2018: 4%), and renal disease (2018: ~8%). Notably, renal disease prevalence increased from < 1% in 2005 to ~8% in 2018. Conclusion Between 2005 and 2018 there were significant changes in the number of comorbidities recorded in patients having elective primary THAs and KAs. Renal disease is now one of the most prevalent comorbidities in this patient population. Future research should explore whether this comorbidity trend has increased the burden on other medical specialities to optimize these patients before surgery and to provide additional postoperative care. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(9):1052–1059.
Estimating incidence rates of periprosthetic joint infection after hip and knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis using linked registry and administrative health data
Authors: Jin Xingzhong , Gallego Luxan Blanca , Hanly Mark , Pratt Nicole L. , Harris Ian , de Steiger Richard , Graves Stephen E. , Jorm Louisa 
Published: September 2022

Aims The aim of this study was to estimate the 90-day periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) rates following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) for osteoarthritis (OA). Methods This was a data linkage study using the New South Wales (NSW) Admitted Patient Data Collection (APDC) and the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR), which collect data from all public and private hospitals in NSW, Australia. Patients who underwent a TKA or THA for OA between 1 January 2002 and 31 December 2017 were included. The main outcome measures were 90-day incidence rates of hospital readmission for: revision arthroplasty for PJI as recorded in the AOANJRR; conservative definition of PJI, defined by T84.5, the PJI diagnosis code in the APDC; and extended definition of PJI, defined by the presence of either T84.5, or combinations of diagnosis and procedure code groups derived from recursive binary partitioning in the APDC. Results The mean 90-day revision rate for infection was 0.1% (0.1% to 0.2%) for TKA and 0.3% (0.1% to 0.5%) for THA. The mean 90-day PJI rates defined by T84.5 were 1.3% (1.1% to 1.7%) for TKA and 1.1% (0.8% to 1.3%) for THA. The mean 90-day PJI rates using the extended definition were 1.9% (1.5% to 2.2%) and 1.5% (1.3% to 1.7%) following TKA and THA, respectively. Conclusion When reporting the revision arthroplasty for infection, the AOANJRR substantially underestimates the rate of PJI at 90 days. Using combinations of infection codes and PJI-related surgical procedure codes in linked hospital administrative databases could be an alternative way to monitor PJI rates. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(9):1060–1066.
Hip arthrodesis in children
Authors: Banskota Bibek , Yadav Prakash , Rajbhandari Ansul , Aryal Rajendra , Banskota Ashok K. 
Published: September 2022

Aims To examine the long-term outcome of arthrodesis of the hip undertaken in a paediatric population in treating painful arthritis of the hip. In our patient population, most of whom live rurally in hilly terrain and have limited healthcare access and resources, hip arthrodesis has been an important surgical option for the monoarticular painful hip in a child. Methods A follow-up investigation was undertaken on a cohort of 28 children previously reported at a mean of 4.8 years. The present study looked at 26 patients who had an arthrodesis of the hip as a child at a mean follow-up of 20 years (15 to 29). Results The mean Harris Hip Score (HHS) increased from 39.60 (SD 11.06) preoperatively to 81.02 (SD 8.86; p = 0.041) at final review. At latest follow-up, the HHS was found to be excellent in four patients (15%), good in 11 (42%), and fair in 11 (42%). A total of 16 patients (62%) reported mild low back pain, five (19%) had moderate pain, and five (19%) patients had no back pain. Mild ipsilateral knee pain was reported by 19 (73%), moderate pain by one (4%), and no pain by six (23%) patients. Mild contralateral hip pain was reported by ten patients (38%), and no pain by 16 (62%). The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey scores were very good in four patients (15%), good in 18 (70%), and poor in four (15%), with a mean score of 70.92 (SD 12.65). Of 13 female patients who had given birth, 12 did so with uncomplicated vaginal delivery. All patients had to modify their posture for toileting, putting on lower body clothes, foot care, and putting on shoes. Conclusion Our results show that with hip arthrodesis, most patients have relatively good function at long-term follow-up, although some pain is experienced in adjacent joints, and modification in some activities of daily living is common. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(9):1089–1094.
Testing of an Ultrasound-Limited Imaging Protocol for Pavlik harness Supervision (TULIPPS) in developmental dysplasia of the hip: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Behman Amy L. , Bradley Catharine S. , Maddock Connor L. , Sharma Smriti , Kelley Simon P. 
Published: September 2022

Aims There is no consensus regarding optimum timing and frequency of ultrasound (US) for monitoring response to Pavlik harness (PH) treatment in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The purpose of our study was to determine if a limited-frequency hip US assessment had an adverse effect on treatment outcomes compared to traditional comprehensive US monitoring. Methods This study was a single-centre noninferiority randomized controlled trial. Infants aged under six months whose hips were reduced and centred in the harness at initiation of treatment (stable dysplastic or subluxable), or initially decentred (subluxated or dislocated) but reduced and centred within four weeks of PH treatment, were randomized to our current standard US monitoring protocol (every clinic visit) or to a limited-frequency US protocol (US only at end of treatment). Groups were compared based on α angle and femoral head coverage at the end of PH treatment, acetabular indices, and International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI) grade on one-year follow-up radiographs. Results Overall, 100 patients were included; 42 patients completed the standard protocol (SP) and 40 completed the limited protocol (LP). There was no significant difference in mean right α angle at the end of treatment (SP 70.0° (SD 3.2°) ; LP 68.7° (SD 2.9°); p = 0.033), nor on the left (SP 69.0° (SD 3.5°); LP 68.1° (SD 3.3°); p = 0.128). There was no significant difference in mean right acetabular index at follow-up (SP 23.1° (SD 4.3°); LP 22.0° (SD 4.1°); p = 0.129), nor on the left (SP 23.3° (SD 4.2°); LP 22.8° (SD 3.9°); p = 0.284). All hips had femoral head coverage of > 50% at end of treatment, and all were IHDI grade 1 at follow-up. In addition, the LP group underwent a 60% reduction in US use once stable. Conclusion Our study supports reducing the frequency of US assessment during PH treatment of DDH once a hip is reduced and centred. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(9):1081–1088.
Development and validation of a hybrid constraint spectral thermometry for laminar sooting flames
Authors: Du Wei , Wen Daxin , Ma Liuhao , Wang Yu 
Published: September 2022

A hybrid constraint spectral thermometry (HCST) method based on combined light extinction and spectral soot emission was developed for temperature measurements in sooting flames. Light extinction measurements were performed in the 635–1064 nm spectral range to constrain the fitting of the soot optical property

E
(
m
)

as a function of the wavelength for separately measured spectral emission data. This hybrid constraint methodology helps to avoid complete reliance on either measurement, which significantly increases the immunity of the temperature determination to measurement noises. After numerically validating the performance of HCST, measurements were performed for a series of representative sooting premixed flames. Additional measurements were conducted with the proven tunable diode laser absorption technique to provide a reference temperature, and satisfactory agreements demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the proposed HCST method.
Experimental investigation of the uncertainty principle for radial degrees of freedom
Authors: Zhang Zhihe , Zhang Dongkai , Qiu Xiaodong , Chen Yuanyuan , Franke-Arnold Sonja , Chen Lixiang 
Published: September 2022

While the uncertainty principle for linear position and linear momentum, and more recently for angular position and angular momentum, is well established, its radial equivalent has so far eluded researchers. Here we exploit the logarithmic radial position,

ln

r

, and hyperbolic momentum,

P
H

, to formulate a rigorous uncertainty principle for the radial degree of freedom of transverse light modes. We show that the product of their uncertainties is bounded by Planck’s constant,

Δ
ln

r
·
Δ

P

H

≥
ℏ
/
2

, and identify a set of radial intelligent states that satisfy the equality. We illustrate the radial uncertainty principle for a variety of intelligent states, by preparing transverse light modes with suitable radial profiles. We use eigenmode projection to measure the corresponding hyperbolic momenta, confirming the minimum uncertainty bound. Optical systems are most naturally described in terms of cylindrical coordinates, and our radial uncertainty relation provides the missing piece in characterizing optical quantum measurements, providing a new platform for the fundamental tests and applications of quantum optics.
Ultrasensitive and high-speed AlGaN/AlN solar-blind ultraviolet photodetector: a full-channel-self-depleted phototransistor by a virtual photogate
Authors: Lu Jiabing , Lv Zesheng , Qiu Xinjia , Lai Shiquan , Jiang Hao 
Published: September 2022

High sensitivity, high solar rejection ratio, and fast response are essential characteristics for most practical applications of solar-blind ultraviolet (UV) detectors. These features, however, usually require a complex device structure, complicated process, and high operating voltage. Herein, a simply structured n-AlGaN/AlN phototransistor with a self-depleted full channel is reported. The self-depletion of the highly conductive n-AlGaN channel is achieved by exploiting the strong polarization-induced electric field therein to act as a virtual photogate. The resulting two-terminal detectors with interdigital Ohmic electrodes exhibit an ultrahigh gain of

1.3
×

10

5

, an ultrafast response speed with rise/decay times of 537.5 ps/3.1 μs, and an ultrahigh Johnson and shot noise (flicker noise) limited specific detectivity of

1.5
×

10

18

(

4.7
×

10

16

) Jones at 20-V bias. Also, a very low dark current of the order of

∼
pA

and a photo-to-dark current ratio of above

10

8

are obtained, due to the complete depletion of the

n
-

Al

0.5

Ga

0.5

N

channel layer and the high optical gain. The proposed planar phototransistor combines fabrication simplicity and performance advantages, and thus is promising in a variety of UV detection applications.
Dual-excitation decoding multiparameter-based ratiometric luminescence thermometry: a new strategy toward reliable and accurate thermal sensing
Authors: Xu Wei , Zong Shuning , Shang Fengkai , Zheng Longjiang , Zhang Zhiguo 
Published: September 2022

Luminescence thermometry can perform noninvasive thermal sensing with high spatial resolution and fast response, emerging as an exciting field of research due to its promising applications in biomedicine. Nevertheless, because of the interaction between light and complex tissues, the reliability and the accuracy of this technique suffer serious interference, which significantly restricts its practical utilization. Here, a strategy to implement effective luminescence nanothermometry is preliminarily proposed by employing the different thermal responses between

Yb

3
+

→

Nd

3
+

and

Nd

3
+

→

Yb

3
+

energy transfer processes. Different from the traditional ratiometric sensing method, where two luminescence intensities are used as the thermal response parameters, we use two intensity ratios between

Yb

3
+

and

Nd

3
+

near-IR emissions that are obtained under dual excitation as the detecting and reference signals to perform temperature measurement. This multiparameter-based, self-reference thermometry technique, as we define it, exhibits excellent immunity to the influences arising from the fluctuation and loss of pumping sources as well as the luminescence attenuation in media. High thermal sensitivity (

∼
2.2
%

K

−
1

) and good resolution (

∼
0.35
°
C

) are successfully achieved here, accompanied by a measurement error of

∼
1.1
°
C

in a biological environment test, while large errors are observed based on the traditional ratiometric approach (

∼
8.9
°
C
,
∼
23.2
°
C

). We believe the viewpoint in this work could boost luminescence thermometry and provide an ingenious route toward high-performance thermal sensing for biological systems.
Cancer in children born after frozen-thawed embryo transfer: A cohort study
Authors: Sargisian Nona , Lannering Birgitta , Petzold Max , Opdahl Signe , Gissler Mika , Pinborg Anja , Henningsen Anna-Karina Aaris , Tiitinen Aila , Romundstad Liv Bente , Spangmose Anne Lærke , Bergh Christina , Wennerholm Ulla-Britt 
Published: September 2022

Background
The aim was to investigate whether children born after assisted reproduction technology (ART), particularly after frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET), are at higher risk of childhood cancer than children born after fresh embryo transfer and spontaneous conception.

Methods and findings
We performed a registry-based cohort study using data from the 4 Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. The study included 7,944,248 children, out of whom 171,774 children were born after use of ART (2.2%) and 7,772,474 children were born after spontaneous conception, representing all children born between the years 1994 to 2014 in Denmark, 1990 to 2014 in Finland, 1984 to 2015 in Norway, and 1985 to 2015 in Sweden. Rates for any cancer and specific cancer groups in children born after each conception method were determined by cross-linking national ART registry data with national cancer and health data registries and population registries. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the risk of any cancer, with age as the time scale.
After a mean follow-up of 9.9 and 12.5 years, the incidence rate (IR) of cancer before age 18 years was 19.3/100,000 person-years for children born after ART (329 cases) and 16.7/100,000 person-years for children born after spontaneous conception (16,184 cases). Adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) was 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96 to 1.21, p = 0.18. Adjustment was performed for sex, plurality, year of birth, country of birth, maternal age at birth, and parity. Children born after FET had a higher risk of cancer (48 cases; IR 30.1/100,000 person-years) compared to both fresh embryo transfer (IR 18.8/100,000 person-years), aHR 1.59, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.20, p = 0.005, and spontaneous conception, aHR 1.65, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.19, p = 0.001. Adjustment either for macrosomia, birth weight, or major birth defects attenuated the association marginally. Higher risks of epithelial tumors and melanoma after any assisted reproductive method and of leukemia after FET were observed.
The main limitation of this study is the small number of children with cancer in the FET group.

Conclusions
Children born after FET had a higher risk of childhood cancer than children born after fresh embryo transfer and spontaneous conception. The results should be interpreted cautiously based on the small number of children with cancer, but the findings raise concerns considering the increasing use of FET, in particular freeze-all strategies without clear medical indications.

Trial registration
Trial registration number: ISRCTN 11780826.