bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Baseline and Longitudinal Changes in Frailty Burden and Risk of Heart Failure in Type 2 Diabetes—Findings from the Look AHEAD Trial
Authors: Pandey Ambarish , Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Garcia Katelyn , Simpson Felicia , Bahnson Judy , Patel Kershaw V , Singh Sumitabh , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Bertoni Alain , Kitzman Dalane , Johnson Karen , Lewis Cora E , Espeland Mark A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Individuals with diabetes have a high frailty burden and increased risk of heart failure (HF). In this study, we evaluated the association of baseline and longitudinal changes in frailty with risk of HF and its subtypes: HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Methods
Participants (age: 45–76 years) of the Look AHEAD trial without prevalent HF were included. The frailty index (FI) was used to assess frailty burden using a 35-variable deficit model. The association between baseline and longitudinal changes (1- and 4-year follow-up) in FI with risk of overall HF, HFpEF (ejection fraction [EF] ≥ 50%), and HFrEF (EF &lt; 50%) independent of other risk factors and cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using adjusted Cox models.

Results
The study included 5 100 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus, of which 257 developed HF. In adjusted analysis, higher frailty burden was significantly associated with a greater risk of overall HF. Among HF subtypes, higher baseline FI was significantly associated with risk of HFpEF (hazard ratio [HR] [95% CI] per 1-SD higher FI: 1.37 [1.15–1.63]) but not HFrEF (HR [95% CI]: 1.19 [0.96–1.46]) after adjustment for potential confounders, including traditional HF risk factors. Among participants with repeat measures of FI at 1- and 4-year follow-up, an increase in frailty burden was associated with a higher risk of HFpEF (HR [95% CI] per 1-SD increase in FI at 4 years: 1.78 [1.35–2.34]) but not HFrEF after adjustment for other confounders.

Conclusions
Among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, higher baseline frailty and worsening frailty burden over time were independently associated with higher risk of HF, particularly HFpEF after adjustment for other confounders.
Genetic analysis of the early bud flush trait of tea plants (Camellia sinensis) in the cultivar ‘Emei Wenchun’ and its open-pollinated offspring
Authors: Tan Liqiang , Cui Dong , Wang Liubin , Liu Qinling , Zhang Dongyang , Hu Xiaoli , Fu Yidan , Chen Shengxiang , Zou Yao , Chen Wei , Wen Weiqi , Yang Xuemei , Yang Yang , Li Pinwu , Tang Qian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The timing of bud flush (TBF) in the spring is one of the most important agronomic traits of tea plants (Camellia sinensis). In this study, we designed an open-pollination breeding program using ‘Emei Wenchun’ (EW, a clonal tea cultivar with extra-early TBF) as a female parent. A half-sib population (n = 388) was selected for genotyping using specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing. The results enabled the identification of paternity for 294 (75.8%) of the offspring, including 11 (2.8%) from EW selfing and 217 (55.9%) assigned to a common father, ‘Chuanmu 217’ (CM). The putative EW × CM full-sib population was used to construct a linkage map. The map has 4244 markers distributed in 15 linkage groups, with an average marker distance of 0.34 cM. A high degree of collinearity between the linkage map and physical map was observed. Sprouting index, a trait closely related to TBF, was recorded for the offspring population in 2020 and 2021. The trait had moderate variation, with coefficients of variation of 18.5 and 17.6% in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping that was performed using the linkage map identified two major QTLs and three minor QTLs related to the sprouting index. These QTLs are distributed on Chr3, Chr4, Chr5, Chr9, and Chr14 of the reference genome. A total of 1960 predicted genes were found within the confidence intervals of QTLs, and 22 key candidate genes that underlie these QTLs were preliminarily screened. These results are important for breeding and understanding the genetic base of the TBF trait of tea plants.
Exogenous GA3 promotes flowering in Paphiopedilum callosum (Orchidaceae) through bolting and lateral flower development regulation
Authors: Yin Yuying , Li Ji , Guo Beiyi , Li Lin , Ma Guohua , Wu Kunlin , Yang Fengxi , Zhu Genfa , Fang Lin , Zeng Songjun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Paphiopedilum orchids have a high ornamental value, and their flower abundance and timing are both key horticultural traits regulated by phytohormones. All one-flowered Paphiopedilum have additional lateral buds in the apical bract that fail to develop. In this study, an exogenous gibberellin (GA3) application promoted flowering of Pathiopedilum callosum by inducing its early bolting instead of the floral transition of dominant flowers. Applying GA3 effectively promoted lateral flower differentiation, resulting in a two-flowered inflorescence. GA-promoted lateral flower formation involved GA interacting with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and cytokinins (CTKs), given the decreased CTK content and downregulated expression of CTK synthesis genes, the increased IAA content and downregulated expression of IAA degradation, and the upregulated expression of transport genes. Further, GA acted via PcDELLA, PcTCP15, and PcXTH9 expressed in stage 5 to promote bolting, and via expression of PcAP3, PcPI, and PcSEP to promote flowering. This study provides insight into mechanisms regulating flower development of P. callosum.
Strawberry fruit FanCXE1 carboxylesterase is involved in the catabolism of volatile esters during the ripening process
Authors: Martínez-Rivas Félix Juan , Blanco-Portales Rosario , Moyano Enriqueta , Alseekh Saleh , Caballero Jose Luis , Schwab Wilfried , Fernie Alisdair R , Muñoz-Blanco Juan , Molina-Hidalgo Francisco Javier 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVolatile compounds produced during ripening of strawberry are key determinants of fruit quality and consumer preference. Strawberry volatiles are largely esters which are synthesized by alcohol acyltransferases (AATs) and degraded by carboxylesterases (CXEs). Although CXE activity can have a marked influence on volatile contents in ripe strawberry fruits, CXE function and regulation in them are poorly known. Here, we report the biochemical and functional characterization of the fruit receptacle-specific and ripening-related carboxylesterase FanCXE1. The expression of the corresponding gene was found to be antagonistically regulated by auxins and abscisic acid, key hormones that regulate fruit growth and ripening in strawberry. In vitro, FanCXE1 was able to hydrolyze artificial ester substrates similar to those produced by ripe strawberry fruits. Transient suppression of the FanCXE1 gene by RNAi resulted in an increase of important volatile esters such as methyl hexanoate, methyl butanoate and ethyl hexanoate as well as a decrease of the alcohols hexenol and linanool. The results of this work enhance our understanding of the molecular basis for volatile syntheses and facilitate production of better flavored strawberry fruits by introduction of the relevant alleles into common cultivars.
Parent Traumatic Stress After Minor Pediatric Burn Injury
Authors: Townsend Allie N , Batra Nikita , Lilenfeld Lisa , Maurin Elana , Inverso Hailey , Burd Randall S , Tully Carrie B 
Published: April 2022

AbstractParents are at increased risk for psychological sequelae following their child’s burn injury which has demonstrated negative impacts on the child. The current study sought to address gaps in the literature on risk factors for parental distress by examining the relationships among demographic variables, burn characteristics, and child functioning after burn injury, with parent post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Participants included parents of 660 pediatric burn patients from a regional burn clinic. Parents completed measures during their initial visit to the burn clinic. Additional demographic and burn data were retrospectively collected by medical chart review. Fifteen percent of parents reported at-risk levels of parent PTSS. Parent PTSS was independently associated with child burn characteristics of total body surface area (TBSA) affected by the burn, required hospitalization, number of nights hospitalized, and number of ambulatory burn appointments attended. Minority race was associated with higher parent PTSS than non-minority race status, with Asian parents endorsing the highest scores. Furthermore, when considered simultaneously, impaired child quality of life (QOL), a higher number of ambulatory burn appointments attended, and racial minority status were associated with higher parent PTSS. These findings highlight the need for routine parent trauma screening in pediatric burn clinics, while additionally identifying a feasible screening measure.
Human Rights Experimentalism in Action: The Potential of National Human Rights Institutions in Enhancing the Implementation and Monitoring of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Lichuma Caroline , Tatic Damjan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractArticle 33(2) of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities provides for the establishment and designation of independent monitoring mechanisms charged with the promotion, protection and monitoring of its implementation. In numerous States parties, National Human Rights Institutions have been designated as Article 33(2) institutions, either individually or in co-ordination with other bodies, and have consequently made effective contributions to the reporting and inquiry procedures of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Drawing from experimentalist governance theory, this contribution interrogates whether, and to what extent, this dialogue between locally placed actors and institutions (such as National Human Rights Institutions) on the one hand, and internationally situated actors and institutions (such as the Committee) on the other, has the potential to bolster the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. At its core, experimentalism proffers a normatively attractive vision of how broadly agreed upon goals can be brought to life in a multi-level setting, such as the monitoring mechanism contemplated by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities with its unique role and definition for both international and national actors. By analysing Article 33 through an experimentalist governance lens, the contribution thus hopes to highlight a routinely neglected or underestimated aspect of the human rights treaty system, that is, the iterative and dynamic interaction between locally situated actors and institutions and internationally situated actors and institutions, and bring to light what this portends for the Convention’s implementation in reality.
GRaSP-web: a machine learning strategy to predict binding sites based on residue neighborhood graphs
Authors: Santana Charles A , Izidoro Sandro C , de Melo-Minardi Raquel C , Tyzack Jonathan D , Ribeiro António J M , Pires Douglas E V , Thornton Janet M , de A. Silveira Sabrina 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Proteins are essential macromolecules for the maintenance of living systems. Many of them perform their function by interacting with other molecules in regions called binding sites. The identification and characterization of these regions are of fundamental importance to determine protein function, being a fundamental step in processes such as drug design and discovery. However, identifying such binding regions is not trivial due to the drawbacks of experimental methods, which are costly and time-consuming. Here we propose GRaSP-web, a web server that uses GRaSP (Graph-based Residue neighborhood Strategy to Predict binding sites), a residue-centric method based on graphs that uses machine learning to predict putative ligand binding site residues. The method outperformed 6 state-of-the-art residue-centric methods (MCC of 0.61). Also, GRaSP-web is scalable as it takes 10-20 seconds to predict binding sites for a protein complex (the state-of-the-art residue-centric method takes 2-5h on the average). It proved to be consistent in predicting binding sites for bound/unbound structures (MCC 0.61 for both) and for a large dataset of multi-chain proteins (4500 entries, MCC 0.61). GRaSPWeb is freely available at https://grasp.ufv.br.
DEMO2: Assemble multi-domain protein structures by coupling analogous template alignments with deep-learning inter-domain restraint prediction
Authors: Zhou Xiaogen , Peng Chunxiang , Zheng Wei , Li Yang , Zhang Guijun , Zhang Yang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Most proteins in nature contain multiple folding units (or domains). The revolutionary success of AlphaFold2 in single-domain structure prediction showed potential to extend deep-learning techniques for multi-domain structure modeling. This work presents a significantly improved method, DEMO2, which integrates analogous template structural alignments with deep-learning techniques for high-accuracy domain structure assembly. Starting from individual domain models, inter-domain spatial restraints are first predicted with deep residual convolutional networks, where full-length structure models are assembled using L-BFGS simulations under the guidance of a hybrid energy function combining deep-learning restraints and analogous multi-domain template alignments searched from the PDB. The output of DEMO2 contains deep-learning inter-domain restraints, top-ranked multi-domain structure templates, and up to five full-length structure models. DEMO2 was tested on a large-scale benchmark and the blind CASP14 experiment, where DEMO2 was shown to significantly outperform its predecessor and the state-of-the-art protein structure prediction methods. By integrating with new deep-learning techniques, DEMO2 should help fill the rapidly increasing gap between the improved ability of tertiary structure determination and the high demand for the high-quality multi-domain protein structures. The DEMO2 server is available at https://zhanggroup.org/DEMO/.
Imaging biomarkers of TERT or GABPB1 silencing in TERT-positive glioblastoma
Authors: Minami Noriaki , Hong Donghyun , Stevers Nicholas , Barger Carter J , Radoul Marina , Hong Chibo , Chen Lee , Kim Yaewon , Batsios Georgios , Gillespie Anne Marie , Pieper Russel O , Costello Joseph F , Viswanath Pavithra , Ronen Sabrina M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
TERT promoter mutations are observed in 80% of wild-type IDH glioblastoma (GBM). Moreover, the upstream TERT transcription factor GABPB1 was recently identified as a cancer-specific therapeutic target for tumors harboring a TERT promoter mutation. In that context, noninvasive imaging biomarkers are needed for the detection of TERT modulation.

Methods
Multiple GBM models were investigated as cells and in vivo tumors and the impact of TERT silencing, either directly or by targeting GABPB1, was determined using 1H and hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Changes in associated metabolic enzymes were also investigated.

Results
1H-MRS revealed that lactate and glutathione (GSH) were the most significantly altered metabolites when either TERT or GABPB1 was silenced, and lactate and GSH levels were correlated with cellular TERT expression. Consistent with the drop in lactate, 13C-MRS showed that hyperpolarized [1-13C]lactate production from [1-13C]pyruvate was also reduced when TERT was silenced. Mechanistically, the reduction in GSH was associated with a reduction in pentose phosphate pathway flux, reduced activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and reduced NADPH. The drop in lactate and hyperpolarized lactate were associated with reductions in glycolytic flux, NADH, and expression/activity of GLUT1, monocarboxylate transporters, and lactate dehydrogenase A.

Conclusions
Our study indicates that MRS-detectable GSH, lactate, and lactate production could serve as metabolic biomarkers of response to emerging TERT-targeted therapies for GBM with activating TERT promoter mutations. Importantly these biomarkers are readily translatable to the clinic, and thus could ultimately improve GBM patient management.
Participatory methodologies and caring about numbers in the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals Agenda
Authors: Rocha de Siqueira Isabel , Ramalho Laís 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Calling for a “data revolution,” the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) seek to promote progress in matters related to planet, people, prosperity, peace, and partnerships (the “5Ps”) by mobilizing an all-encompassing datafying system that heavily relies on quantification. As such, the SDGs serve as a unique window that showcases the most up-to-date materials, methods, and forms of expertise in datafying practices, while also incentivizing local and national appropriation, with all the difficulties this entails. The article looks at the policy dynamics around SDG localization and the role of participatory methodologies, especially citizen-generated data, in Brazil’s engagement with the agenda. We depart from interviews conducted with various actors involved with SDG implementation, including civil society and public servants, and from engagement with the work conducted by one NGO specialized in citizen-generated data in the peripheries of Rio de Janeiro. Two important findings are highlighted: Localizing strategies, i.e., those that aim to take subnational contexts into account in the achievement of the SDGs, have been used to promote an agenda on rights and, in addition, there has been a strong focus on local narratives as central aspects of communicating scientific data, where progress on the SDGs is but one vehicle in the struggle against statistical invisibility and political exclusion. These findings lead us to argue for a politics of care that can change how we do global public policy.
Impact of climate change on West Nile virus distribution in South America
Authors: Lorenz Camila , de Azevedo Thiago Salomão , Chiaravalloti-Neto Francisco 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundWest Nile virus (WNV) is a vector-borne pathogen of global relevance and is currently the most widely distributed flavivirus causing encephalitis worldwide. Climate conditions have direct and indirect impacts on vector abundance and virus dynamics within the mosquito. The significance of environmental variables as drivers in WNV epidemiology is increasing under the current climate change scenario. In this study we used a machine learning algorithm to model WNV distributions in South America.MethodsOur model evaluated eight environmental variables for their contribution to the occurrence of WNV since its introduction in South America in 2004.ResultsOur results showed that environmental variables can directly alter the occurrence of WNV, with lower precipitation and higher temperatures associated with increased virus incidence. High-risk areas may be modified in the coming years, becoming more evident with high greenhouse gas emission levels. Countries such as Bolivia, Paraguay and several Brazilian areas, mainly in the northeast and midwest regions and the Pantanal biome, will be greatly affected, drastically changing the current WNV distribution.ConclusionsUnderstanding the linkages between climatological and ecological change as determinants of disease emergence and redistribution will help optimize preventive strategies. Increased virus surveillance, integrated modelling and the use of geographically based data systems will provide more anticipatory measures by the scientific community.
Quinone Outside Inhibitor Resistance Conferred with the G143A Substitution in Corynespora cassiicola, Which Causes Target Spot, from Arkansas and Mississippi Soybean
Authors: Wang Xiaopeng , Dhillon N. Braham D. S. , Brochard Nicole , Aboughanem-Sabanadzovic Nina , Sabanadzovic Sead , Tomaso-Peterson Maria , Wilkerson Tessie H. , Bluhm Burt H. , Faske Travis R. , Allen Tom W. 
Published: April 2022

Target spot, caused by Corynespora cassiicola, is a foliar disease of soybean in the Midsouthern United States. Increased target spot incidence and severity have been observed across parts of Arkansas and Mississippi regularly since 2007. Because target spot resistant cultivars are not available to manage target spot, soybean farmers rely on fungicides to reduce the potential yield losses associated with the disease. In general, fungicides within the quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) class have been the most widely used products for target spot management. As a result of increased and more widespread target spot during the 2016 season, a brief study was conducted using C. cassiicola monoconidial isolates derived from infected leaf tissue from Arkansas (n = 2) and Mississippi (n = 56) soybean to determine whether isolates were resistant to the QoI fungicides. In all, 27 isolates, one from Arkansas and 26 from Mississippi, were determined to contain the G143A substitution that confers complete resistance to the QoI fungicides.
Benefits of mindful self-compassion for frontline nurses
Authors: Biber Duke D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Nurses who regularly engage in self-compassion training may be more resilient to stressors and burnout, and thus able to provide more compassionate care to patients. The article explores the benefits and strategies of practicing mindful self-compassion (MSC) for nurses, reviews the effectiveness of an MSC curriculum, and discusses practical techniques for nurses to put MSC theory into practice.
Defining Sacral Dysmorphism: What Size Corridor Precludes Transsacral Screw Placement
Authors: Woods David , Koerner Jason , Strage Katya , Chu Xiangquan , Simon Violette , Hadeed Michael , Heare Austin , Parry Joshua A. , Mauffrey Cyril 
Published: April 2022

Objective:
To determine what size S1-transsacral (TS) corridor is amenable to TS screw placement, as this is commonly used to identify sacral dysmorphism, and to determine if gender, ethnicity, or screw breach is associated with narrow corridors.

Design:
Retrospective review.

Setting:
Urban level-1 trauma center.

Patients:
Two hundred ninety patients with pelvic ring injuries and preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans.

Intervention:
Percutaneous posterior pelvic ring fixation.

Main Outcome Measurements:
The width of the S1-TS corridor was measured on the axial (inlet) and coronal (outlet) reformatted CT images. Patients with S1-TS screw fixation and postoperative CT scans were identified. Corridor size, gender, ethnicity, and screw breach were documented.

Results:
S1-TS screws were placed in 55 of the 290 patients. No S1-TS screws were placed in corridors less than 8 mm. Corridors of <8 mm were present in 114 (39%) of the 290 patients and were not associated with gender or ethnicity. S1-TS screws placed in small (<10 mm) versus large (≥10 mm) corridors did not have a detectable difference in screw breaches (5 of 8, 62% versus 19 of 47 40%; difference, 22%, 95% confidence interval −14% to 52%) or median (interquartile range) screw breach distance [3 mm (2.5–4.8) versus 3 mm (1.2–4.8); difference, 0.9 mm; confidence interval −1.6 to 2.2].

Conclusion:
These data are useful for the standardization of sacral dysmorphism reporting based on corridor size. Screw breaches were common irrespective of TS corridor size, emphasizing the small degree of error allowed by this procedure.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.