bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunotherapy targeting different immune compartments in combination with radiation therapy induces regression of resistant tumors
Authors: Rudqvist Nils-Petter , Charpentier Maud , Lhuillier Claire , Wennerberg Erik , Spada Sheila , Sheridan Caroline , Zhou Xi , Zhang Tuo , Formenti Silvia , Sims Jennifer , Alonso Alicia , Demaria Sandra 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) increases tumor response to CTLA-4 inhibition (CTLA4i) in mice and in some patients, yet deep responses are rare. This raises the possibility that effector T cells are insufficiently activated by the combination. To address this question we use mouse models of triple negative breast cancer highly resistant to immunotherapy. We find that CTLA4i promotes the expansion of CD4+ T helper cells, whereas RT enhances T cell clonality and enriches for CD8+ T cells with an exhausted phenotype. Combination therapy decreases regulatory CD4+ T cells and increases CD8+ T cells with effector memory, early activation and precursor exhausted phenotype. A combined gene signature comprising these three CD8+ T cell clusters is associated with survival in triple negative breast cancer patients. Despite the expression of multiple immune checkpoints on intratumoral T cells, response to RT+CTLA4i is not increased by targeting additional checkpoints, including PD1. In contrast, agonistic CD40 therapy enhances responses in mice, indicating the need to target different immune compartments to increase responses to combinations of RT and CTLA4i.
Fabrication and Characterization of Electrospun Cellulose Acetate Nanofibers Derived from Rice Husk for Potential Wound Healing Application
Authors: Nasir Aryanny , Razak saiful Izwan , Adrus Nadia , Suan Chua Lee , Rahmat Zaidah , Bohari Siti Pauliena Mohd 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
As one of the world’s most abundant biomass, lignocellulosic materials such as rice husk (RH) has been recognized for its various potential usages. Electrospun nanofibrous mats have been fabri-cated from various natural and synthetic polymers and offers a wide range of promising criteria suitable for wound dressing applications. Natural polymers have grabbed considerable attention due to their desirable properties. Therefore, the application of cellulose-derived materials from agricultural waste becomes crucial as a green alternative to produce electrospun wound dressing with excellent wettability, porosity and tunability to promote wound healing at relatively low costs. Interestingly, a specific study on the utilization of cellulose extracted from RH to produce electrospun nanofibrous mat remains unreported. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the feasibility of using RH as a source of raw materials to create nanofibrous mats for use as pro-spective wound dressing materials. In this paper, cellulose extracted from RH will be converted into its derivate, cellulose acetate (CA) and electrospun. The nanofiber will be characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Attenuated Total Reflectance- Fourier transform spectros-copy (ATR-FTIR), water contact angle to evaluate the main properties of the electrospun nano-fibrous mat.
Engaging physicians and nurses in balanced scorecard evaluation - An implication at Palestinian hospitals and recommendations for policy makers
Authors: Amer Faten 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction
A balanced scorecard (BSC) is a thorough performance evaluation (PE) instrument. A recent review concluded that hospitals must take into account PE from six perspectives: financial, customer, internal, external, knowledge and growth, and managerial. However, healthcare workers (HCWs) were seldom involved in BSC deployments. This study attempts to involve Palestinian HCWs in BSC implementation to generate health policy recommendations.
Methodology
In this cross-sectional study, the BSC-HCW1 survey was distributed to engage HCWs in the PE of 14 hospitals between January and October 2021. The differences between physicians’ and nurses’ evaluations were assessed by the Mann‒Whitney U test. The causal relationships between factors were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Multicollinearity of the model was checked. Path analysis was performed to understand the BSC strategic maps based on the Palestinian HCWs’ evaluations.
Results
Out of 800 surveys, 454 were retrieved. We found low performing factors and KPIs. Specifically, the financial incentives, the sufficiency of time spent with the patients, the HCWs’ education updates on medications and diseases, the hospital equipment quality and maintenance, the inclusion of strengths and weaknesses explanations in HCWs’ appraisals, the HCWs’ intent to stay or leave, and their satisfaction rate. No evaluation differences among physicians and nurses were found. HCWs’ work-life balance and time management (WTLB), quality and development initiatives (QUALDEV), and managerial performance evaluation (MGMTEVAL) have a direct effect on improving HCWs’ loyalty attitudes (LOY). HCW engagement (ENG), MGMTEVAL, and LOY have a direct effect on enhancing the respect toward managers (MTR). QUALDEV, WTLB, LOY, and MGMTEVAL had a direct effect on improving the perceived patient respect toward HCWs. Financial incentives had an indirect effect on improving LOY and PTR. Technology had an indirect effect on QUALDEV improvement.
Conclusion
BSC-HCW1 successfully engaged HCWs in BSC PE at Palestinian hospitals. This research highlights gaps in the PE of Palestinian hospitals and provides evidence on the importance of improving HCWs’ work-life balance, quality development initiatives, managerial performance, engagement, financial incentives, technology, and loyalty attitudes. Hospital managers should enhance HCWs’ feedback and engagement culture in Palestinian hospitals and link PE with practical action plans and targets.
Experimental demonstration of input-output indefiniteness in a single quantum device
Authors: Guo Yu , Liu Zixuan , Tang Hao , Hu Xiao-Min , Liu Bi-Heng , Huang Yun-Feng , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can , Chiribella Giulio 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
At the fundamental level, the dynamics of quantum fields is invariant under the combination of time reversal, charge conjugation, and parity inversion. This symmetry implies that a broad class of effective quantum evolutions are bidirectional, meaning that the exchange of their inputs and outputs gives rise to valid quantum evolutions. Recently, it has been observed that quantum theory is theoretically compatible with a family of operations in which the roles of the inputs and outputs is indefinite. However, such operations have not been demonstrated in the laboratory so far. Here we experimentally demonstrate input-output indefiniteness in a photonic setup, demonstrating an advantage in a quantum game and showing incompatibility with a definite input-output direction by more than 69 standard deviations. Our results establish input-output indefiniteness as a new resource for quantum information protocols, and enable the table-top simulation of hypothetical scenarios where the arrow of time could be in a quantum superposition.
Risk factors for neck pain in college students: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Yifang , Chen Zhiming , Chen Shaoqing , Wang Shizhong , Lin Jianping 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
During the COVID-19 epidemic, the prevalence of neck pain among college students has increased due to the shift from offline to online learning and increasing academic and employment pressures. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to identify the personal, occupational, and psychological factors associated with the development of neck pain to promote the development of preventive strategies and early intervention treatment.
Methods
Seven electronic databases were searched from inception to April 2022 for cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, case-control studies, and randomized controlled trials (RCT) on neck pain. The quality of the selected studies was assessed by American Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) or the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the effects of the included risk factors on neck pain.
Results
Twenty-six studies were included, including 16,826 participants, and a total of 30 potentially associated risk factors were identified, with 20 factors only listed as risk factors in one or two studies. Ultimately, 10 risk factors were included in the meta-analysis, and all results were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The factors supported by strong evidence mainly include the improper use of the pillow (OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.39 to 3.48), lack of exercise (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.53 to 2.30), improper sitting posture (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.39 to 2.78), and history of neck and shoulder trauma (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.79 to 3.01), senior grade (OR = 2.86, 95% CI: 2.07 to 3.95), staying up late (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.35 to 2.41), and long-time electronic product usage daily (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.27 to 1.65), long-time to bow head (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.58 to 2.64), emotional problems (OR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.66, 2.63). Risk factors supported by moderate evidence were high pressure (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.50 2.42).
Conclusion
Improper use of the pillow, lack of exercise, improper sitting posture, history of neck and shoulder trauma, senior grade, staying up late, long-term electronic product usage daily, long time to bow head, high pressure, and emotional problems affect neck pain in college students. More studies have been conducted to prove the risk and relevance of the remaining 20 factors.
National Mechanisms of the Enforcement of Agreements Resulting from Mediation: EU Experience and Ukrainian Perspectives
Authors: Tsuvina Tetiana 
Published: November 2022

Topicality. The article addresses domestic mechanisms for the enforcement of agreements resulting from mediation, which is relevant from both theoretical and practical points of view, because the existence of such mechanisms is a relevant factor of the effectiveness of mediation in particular jurisdiction.
The purpose of the article. The purpose of the article is to analyze the national mechanisms for the enforcement of agreements resulting from mediation in the EU Member States and to develop relevant proposals for Ukraine.
Research methods. In the article the author uses general philosophical, general scientific and special research methods, in particular, dialectical, system-structural, logical and comparative legal methods, method of analysis and synthesis.
Results. Based on the analysis of the provisions of Directive 2008/52/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21.05.2008 on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters, the author concludes that Member States enjoy a wide discretion on the issue of implementing the provisions of the Directive and numerous different approaches may be embraced with a view to ensure enforceability of agreements resulting from mediation. Based on the analysis of the legislation of the EU Member States, the following mechanisms for the enforcement of agreements resulting from mediation are identified: a) recognizing the agreement as an enforceable civil law contract; b) making the agreement enforceable through the approval by the court; c) making the agreement enforceable through the approval by the arbitral tribunal; d) making the agreement enforceable through the approval by the notary (notarial deed); e) making the agreement enforceable through the approval by some other specially created bodies; f) automatic enforcement. For Ukrainian Law the author suggests, first, diversification of mechanisms for judicial approval of agreements resulting from mediation and, second, allowing notaries to approve agreements resulting from mediation.
The significance of the results. The article is addressed to legal scholars and practitioners, mediators and students of higher law schools.
Role of a novel cationic gemini surfactant (CGS) on a one-step sol–gel process and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 powders
Authors: Koç Keşir Melek , Yıldız İkbal Sarıkaya , Bilgen Selçuk , Sökmen Münevver 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared using a sol–gel process in combination with a novel cationic gemini surfactant (CGS) with amide functional groups at low temperatures. Titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TIP) and CGS were used as the starting materials and as effective agents, respectively, to orient the nanoparticles during the sol–gel synthesis. To reveal both the structural and morphological properties of the nanopowders prepared in this work, they were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area apparatus. The pore volume and pore size were calculated using the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) model on the desorption branch. The experimental results show that the surface area and average crystallite size of the obtained TiO2 nanopowders vary between 160–203 m2/g and 27–49 nm, respectively. It was observed that the N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms for almost all samples of TiO2–X% CGS (X: mass of CGS) show the typical Type I with a hysteresis loop of H4. The photocatalytic activities of the CGS-modified nanocomposites are evaluated not only by the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) but also by the reduction of Cr(VI) as model pollutants in the presence of visible light.
HIGHLIGHTS
Excitable TiO2/CGS composites were prepared by the sol-gel method. XRD, SEM, BET, and N2 adsorption-desorption measurements were done for structural properties. Photocatalytic activity of TiO2/CGS nanocomposite was evaluated on both the photoreduction of Cr(VI) ions and photooxidation of methyl orange under irradiation from a 365 nm lamp. Utilized in this survey is a cationic gemini surfactant that has a similar CTAB structure and has two long chains and cationic head groups and is a preferred morphology agents. Compared to one head group with CTAB, a novel synthesized cationic surfactant with two long chains is anticipated to positively affect both the properties of catalyst structures and data of photocatalytic degradation of model pollutants.
A Review on Chemical Synthesis of Leaf Alcohol
Authors: Ou Wenhua , Liu Hao , Wang Ruolin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
Leaf alcohol is a flavor and fragrance compound and has been shown to possess an
intense characteristic grassy-green odor of freshly cut green grass and leaves, which is widely
used as an added flavor in fragrances, food flavors and tobacco flavors to provide a fresh
grassy note. However, the market has been unable to meet this surge in demand, resulting in a
frequent shortage of leaf alcohol. At present, there are two processes used in industrial production:
the process for the hydrogenation of 3-hexyn-1-ol and the process for the ring opening
reaction of 6-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran. The reason for the shortage is that there are certain
difficulties and shortcomings in the current methods of synthesizing leaf alcohol. The
disadvantages of the process for the hydrogenation of 3-hexyn-1-ol are the production
security and dependability, the prime cost of catalyst and equipment. The disadvantages of
the process for the ring opening reaction of 6-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran are the product quality, production
dependability, and the prime cost of the equipment. To solve this contradiction between supply and demand,
many research groups are investigating chemical synthetic methods that could be applied in industrial production
easily and economically. Since the discovery of leaf alcohol, much has happened in the synthesis of leaf alcohol.
Many developments became market realities, so after all these years, it seemed appropriate to sum up the current
trends in the synthesis of leaf alcohol. In this review, we bring a collection of various synthetic approaches leading
to leaf alcohol.
Emerging Strategies to Improve the Stability and Bioavailability of
Insulin: An Update on Formulations and Delivery Approaches
Authors: Tan Pak Kheong , Kuppusamy Umah Rani , Chua Kek Heng , Arumugam Bavani 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
One of the primary goals of diabetes management is to maintain blood glucose levels within a
normal range, and insulin plays a vital role in achieving this. All Type 1 DM patients and advanced
Type 2 DM patients require insulin. Insulin is administered subcutaneously, which may cause patient
discomfort from the use of needles. Therefore, developing alternative routes of insulin administration
has always been a major focus of diabetes research. This review aims to provide an update on the insulin
formulations and delivery routes as well as strategies used to improve its stability and bioavailability
for the treatment of diabetes.
High Prevalence of Cerebral Microbleeds in Young Ischemic Stroke
Patients
Authors: Qin Wei , Deng Rui , Li Xuanting , Li Xianze 
Published: November 2022

Background and Purpose:
Most studies of cerebral microbleeds place more emphasis on
the elderly, which made it difficult to obtain data on youth, particularly young ischemic stroke patients.
Our study sought to investigate the incidence and related risk factors of cerebral microbleeds
in young ischemic stroke patients.

Methods:
Young ischemic stroke patients who sought medical advice at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital
between June 2016 and September 2020 were included in our study. The clinical and imaging data
of these patients were collected and assessed. These patients were grouped by cerebral microbleed
presence, count, and location. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed
to investigate the association between these groups and screen the influencing factors of
cerebral microbleeds in young patients with ischemic stroke.

Results:
Among the 187 young ischemic stroke patients, the prevalence of microbleeds was 16%.
The presence of cerebral microbleeds was associated with hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 8.787, 95%
confidence interval [CI] 1.016-76.006, P=0.048), lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (OR
0.976, 95%CI 0.957-0.995, P=0.014) and moderate/severe white matter hyperintensity (OR 10.681,
95%CI 3.611-31.595, P<0.001) in young ischemic stroke patients.

Conclusion:
Cerebral microbleeds were common in young ischemic stroke patients and were associated
with hypertension, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, and moderate/severe white matter
hyperintensity.
Polymeric Adsorbents: Innovative Materials for Water Treatments
Authors: Mazumder Mohammad Abu Jafar 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Removing heavy metal ions and various organic contaminants from water (surface water, groundwater, drinking water, and wastewater) using inexpensive and readily available adsorbents is essential in all environmental and human aspects. This study aims to explore the various adsorbents with a particular emphasis on polymeric adsorbents for their applications in the removal of heavy metal ions and emerging contaminants from water.

Methods:
A brief review as a perspective article on polymeric adsorbents with a particular emphasis on their applications in water treatment, consequences, challenges, and relevant issues/ perspectives that need to be resolved in the future is highlighted.

Results:
Due to the increasing global human population with rapid urbanization, industrialization, and environmental change, removing heavy metals and emerging contaminants from water fonts has become a primary environmental concern and a huge challenge to ensure safe water supplies. This directs an utmost demand to develop various water treatment and recycling methods. Different types of adsorbents, including polymeric adsorbents, have also been discussed. The study indicates the presence and structural behaviors (e.g., functional groups, degradation, adsorption, desorption), adsorption-desorption process, regeneration, safe removal and disposal procedure, and toxicity of the adsorbents are vital to use them safely for an extended period in the application of water treatment.

Conclusion:
A brief discussion on adsorption, methods, various types of polymeric adsorbents, and their applications for removing organic and/or heavy metal contaminants from water and wastewater is presented in this review as a perspective article. A better understanding of the preparation of polymers from inexpensive, readily available, natural sources and toxicity issues is still needed to be considered, particularly in the human-related exposure and relevant risk on the water and wastewater treatment.
Comparison of Gene Selection Methods for Clustering Single-cell RNA-seq
Data
Authors: Peng Xiaoqing , Zhu Xiaoshu , Wang Jianxin , Li Rongruan 
Published: November 2022

Background:
In single-cell RNA-seq data, clustering methods are employed to identify
cell types to understand cell-differentiation and development. Because clustering methods are sensitive
to the high dimensionality of single-cell RNA-seq data, one effective solution is to select a subset
of genes in order to reduce the dimensionality. Numerous methods, with different underlying
assumptions, have been proposed for choosing a subset of genes to be used for clustering.

Objective:
To guide users in selecting suitable gene selection methods, we give an overview of different
gene selection methods and compare their performance in terms of the differences between
the selected gene sets, clustering performance, running time, and stability.

Results:
We first review the data preprocessing strategies and gene selection methods in analyzing
single-cell RNA-seq data. Then, the overlaps among the gene sets selected by different methods are
analyzed and the clustering performance based on different feature gene sets is compared. The analysis
reveals that the gene sets selected by the methods based on highly variable genes and high mean
genes are most similar, and the highly variable genes play an important role in clustering. Additionally,
a small number of selected genes would compromise the clustering performance, such as SCMarker
selected fewer genes than other methods, leading to a poorer clustering performance than M3Drop.

Conclusion:
Different gene selection methods perform differently in different scenarios. HVG
works well on the full-transcript sequencing datasets, NBDrop and HMG perform better on the 3’
end sequencing datasets, M3Drop and HMG are more suitable for big datasets, and SCMarker is
most consistent in different preprocessing methods.