bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation Of The Regulation Of Marine Waste Disposal By Tanker Ship From Indonesian Environmental Law Perspective
Authors: Parerungan Semuel Dumak , Widyaningsih Upik , Asdiana Femmy 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Pollution of the marine environment due to petroleum is generally sourced from tankers, whether originating from the ship's own fuel tank or dirty oil contained in the engine room as well as oil as cargo (cargo). Marine pollution can have a very broad impact on everything life both in the sea and on land that is affected by pollution, so that there is an idea of ​​who will provide compensation if this happens marine pollution needs to be regulated clearly. Arrangements regarding responsibility responsible for marine pollution for ships carrying oil as cargo (tanker) is contained in the Civil Liability Convention 1969. Efforts prevention and control of marine pollution has been carried out by Indonesia by ratifying several international conventions such as Civil Liability Convention 1969. For Countries participating in the 1969 Civil Liability Convention, juridical steps that need to be prepared are compiling and stipulating the provisions of national regulations in the field of environmental pollution sea ​​and / or surrounding waters, in this case the provisions of regulations by each participating country according to their needs adhere to or are guided by the applicable international legal order.
Keywords: marine pollution, marine environment
Protection Of Legal Trademark Against Keen From Passing Off
Authors: Ningtias Anggun dwi Setya , MTVM Sri Maharani 
Published: April 2022

In a practice of a business on goods and/or services, the brand becomes an important factor in the sustainability and progress of the goods and/or services. The level of a brand of goods and/or services becomes a brand known by the public is the level desired by the manufacturer of the product and the owner of the trademark itself. The popularity of a brand became a famous mark capable of causing violations of the brand both in the country itself and outside of the country, brand violations become a breach in a more sophisticated direction again, this violation is referred to as the term passing off. The method used for this research is a normative juridical method of approach, the research is based on legislation relating to the trademark of Law No. 20 of 2016. This research aims to reduce the occurrence of the act of passing off on trademarks, then Law No. 20 of 2016 provides legal protection to owners of the brand keen through article 20, article 21 and article 76 paragraph (1), remedies that can be done by trademark owners keen may be done with the litigation line by filing a lawsuit and/or termination of all actions relating to the use of the By optimizing the law number 20 of 2016 then legal protection against trademark owners can be done well. Sanctions applied to the perpetrators who conduct a passing off can be done by default with claims of indemnification by owners of brand keen and administration by removing the brand of actors from the list of brands on the brand Directorate. Cases of this brand violations can be when there is cooperation between the Community, the Directorate of Brands, and law enforcement.
Keywords: legal protection, trademark, Passing Off.
A Legal Protection On Owner Of Trade Secret On Coffe Powder Blend That Violate Trade Secret Act No 30 Of 2000
Authors: Putri Fiona eriba Rahma , MTVM Sri Maharani 
Published: April 2022

The development of business activities that are very competitive in Indonesia today has led to quite fierce business competition among the business world. Every company must have information that is kept secret from the public, usually referred to as trade secrets. This is the most important aspect for the business owner of the trade itself because the trade information owned holds commercial points and is tied to the quality of the business produced. When a company's trade confidential information is leaked, the impact will be detrimental to the company itself. Before the problem occurred, it could be seen that the government was serious when dealing with this problem and therefore the government began to formalize Law No 30 Of 2000 concerning Trade Secrets. The hope is that this will provide legal protection for trade business owners who keep the confidential nature of company trade information so that competitors are not easily owned. The purpose of this study is to provide legal protection for the owners of trading businesses. So as to reduce the form of violations of trade secrets that often occur, granting legal protection for trade business owners can be done by optimizing the implementation of Law No 30 Of 2000 concerning Trade Secrets and improving the performance of the Directorate General of Intellectual Property. The type of research applied in this study is normative juridical legal research, this research is based on legislation relating to trade secrets, namely Law No 30 Of 2000 and for the collection of data such as from legal books, legal journals, and news articles. The results of the study can be concluded that in guaranteeing a legal protection for trade secret owners there must be cooperation between several parties, not only from the Directorate General of Intellectual Property, but also from business actors, the community and law enforcement as well. In the application of Law No 30 Of 2000 concerning Trade Secrets, it should be carried out effectively, in order to reduce the form of violations of trade secrets that often occur lately among the business world.
Constraints in the Implementation of E-Court in the Case Settlement Process (PMH) at the Sidoarjo District Court
Authors: Mandovi Nurfatin Yollandita , Sutrisno Sutrisno 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The development of information technology affects the ease in all human activities, everything can be solved quickly and practically through technology. It does not only affect the social aspect, but also the legal aspect and brings changes in the process of implementing the law from conventional to digital/electronic. E-court is an instrument as a form of implementation of the use of information technology from the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia which is implemented to help facilitate tasks in the judiciary where the implementation of technology and information is now used in case administration and court proceedings as stated in Perma No. 1 of 2019 concerning Electronic Case Administration and Trial in Court. E-Court applies within the scope of District Courts, Religious Courts, and State Administrative Courts with the types of cases namely Civil, Religious Civil Cases, State Administrative Cases, Military Administration. The implementation of E-Court is considered to help facilitate the process in court because E-Court itself is the latest breakthrough from the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia which is aimed at realizing a more modern, effective and efficient judicial system. However, in practice the services in E-Court have not been fully implemented because there are obstacles in their implementation. This study is used to find out and analyze what are the obstacles in the application of e-court, especially in resolving the PMH case at the Sidoarjo District Court, then efforts to deal with the obstacles that arise from the application of e-court in the settlement of the PMH case. This type of research is a type of empirical juridical research that uses qualitative methods to obtain descriptive data, which data can be obtained through observation, literature study, and interviews.
Keyword : E-Court, PMH, Constraints, Sidoarjo District Court
Fulfillment Of Rights For Part Time Workers Based On Law Number 13 Of 2003 Concerning Employment (Study In Mikopi Cafe)
Authors: Abdillah Reynaldfi Cossa , Tien F Mas Anienda 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study aims to determine the fulfillment of rights such as the provision of wages, leave, legal protection for part-time workers at the Mikopi Cafe in the event of a work accident or if one of the parties violates the provisions and efforts of labor if their rights as workers are not fulfilled. The research method that I use is Normative juridical, research based on data sources in the form of applicable legislation, court decisions, journals or articles and theories and legal concepts and views of prominent legal scholars. Analysis of the fulfillment of rights for part-time workers and their protection if the worker is not provided with occupational accident protection in the form of compensation or fulfillment of rights such as late salary in the form of notification and additional delays and absence of agreements between employers and workers using data taken by the author at the Cafe Mikopi and the Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning manpower which is then described by the author's thought power. The results of this study can be seen through the fulfillment of rights by employers to part-time workers who have not been fully implemented in accordance with the provisions of the Manpower Act, as well as forms of legal protection that have been carried out, namely the provision of compensation for work accidents and has not been done such as compensation for late salaries and the absence of an agreement between the two parties.
Keywords: Fulfillment of Rights, Legal Protection,Part Time Workers
The Role of Autophagy in the Mother-to-Child Transmission of Pregnant Women With a High Level of HBV DNA
Authors: Gao Hong , Xu Ling , Fan Zihao , Zhang Xiangying , Duan Zhongping , Ren Feng 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundMother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the most common propagation mode of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission. Exploring the mechanisms of HBV MTCT is the key to protect infant from infection. In this study, we aim to clarify the important role of autophagy complicated in HBV MTCT.MethodsA total of 169 placental samples were collected in this study, includes 144 HBV positive pregnant women and 25 normal pregnant women. In vitro, JEG-3 cells were treated with serum contained different HBV viral loads. Electron microscope was used to observed the number of autophagosome. RT-qPCR and western blotting were used to measure the expression level of autophagy relative genes and proteins respectively. Immunofluorescence was used to analyzed the expression of LC-3 of the frozen section of placental tissue.ResultsAccording to the number of autophagosomes and the expression level of autophagic genes mRNA and protein, autophagy was increased in HBV maternal placenta. Among the control, low viral load, medium viral load and high viral load groups, autophagy was significantly up-regulated with the increase of HBV viral loads. Also, autophagy was increased in the HBeAg positive pregnant women compared with their HBeAg negative counterparts. Also, autophagy in infant-infected group was up-regulated compared with infant-uninfected group. In vitro, choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells were treated with the different HBV viral loads or different time incubation, the mRNA and protein of autophagy related genes was maximum expression in the medium viral load or treatment in a short period, but decreased in the high viral load treatment or with long-term HBV exposure.ConclusionOur study determines the high levels of viremia could be the cause of both increase autophagy activities and MTCT. Autophagy was significantly up-regulated in pregnant women with high viral load or HBeAg positive, which plays an important part in the HBV MTCT.
Effect of Washed Microbiota Transplantation on Patients With Dyslipidemia in South China
Authors: Liang Fenfen , Lu Xinjian , Deng Zhiliang , Zhong Hao-Jie , Zhang Wei , Li Qing , Zhou Hong-Hao , Liou Yu-Ligh , He Xing-Xiang 
Published: April 2022

Background and AimsAlthough the manual crude fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) reduces blood lipids in animal models of hyperlipidemia, its clinical effect on blood lipid metabolism in patients with hyperlipidemia and hypolipidemia remains unclear, especially in the Chinese population. It was reported that washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) was safer, more precise, and more quality-controllable than the crude FMT by manual. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of WMT on lipid metabolism in the Chinese population.MethodsClinical data of patients with various indications who received WMT for 1–3 treatment procedures were collected. Changes in blood lipids before and after WMT, namely, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), liver fat attenuation, and liver stiffness measurement, were compared.ResultsA total of 177 patients (40 cases of hyperlipidemia, 87 cases with normal blood lipids, and 50 cases of hypolipidemia) were enrolled in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University. WMT has a significant therapeutic effect in reducing blood lipid levels (TC and TG) in the short- and medium term in patients with hyperlipidemia (p &lt;0.05). Hyper blood lipid decreased to normal in the short-term (35.14%; p &lt;0.001), and LDL-C changed to normal in the medium term (33.33%; p = 0.013). In the hypolipidemia group, 36.36% and 47.06% changed to normal in the short-term (p = 0.006) and medium term (p = 0.005) of therapeutic effects based on blood lipid levels. In the normal blood lipid group and the low-risk group of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), the change was not statistically significant, indicating that WMT does not increase the risk of blood lipid and ASCVD in the long-term.ConclusionsWMT treatment changes blood lipids in patients with hyperlipidemia and hypolipidemia without serious adverse events, with no risk for increasing blood lipids and ASCVD in the long-term. There were significant decreased TC, TG, and LDL-C levels in the medium term of WMT treatment for hyperlipidemia. Therefore, the regulation of gut microbiota by WMT may indicate a new clinical method for the treatment of dyslipidemia.
Growth Hormone Is Beneficial for Induction of Spermatogenesis in Adult Patients With Congenital Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency
Authors: Zhu Yiyi , Nie Min , Wang Xi , Huang Qibin , Yu Bingqing , Zhang Rui , Zhang Junyi , Sun Bang , Mao Jiangfeng , Wu Xueyan 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundGonadotropins are effective in inducing spermatogenesis in patients with congenital combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CCPHD). Data on recombinant human growth hormone(rhGH) adjuvant treatment to improve gonadotropin-induced spermatogenesis are limited.Design and SettingThis retrospective study included 60 male patients with CCPHD on a relatively large case series in a single center from mainland China. Twenty-nine patients who received gonadotropin therapy alone were defined as the Gn group, while 31 patients treated with a combination of rhGH and gonadotropins were defined as GH/Gn group.ResultsSpermatogenesis rate was 96.77% (30/31) and 62.07% (18/29) in the GH/Gn and Gn group, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). The time for initial sperm appearance in the GH/Gn group was shorter than in the Gn group (14 versus 23 months, P &lt; 0.001). A higher level of serum testosterone was achieved in the GH/Gn group than in the Gn group (4.79 versus 3.38 ng/mL, P = 0.026). After adjustment for potential confounders, rhGH supplementation was an independent beneficial factor on spermatogenesis (HR = 2.294, 95% CI: 1.143-4.604, P = 0.019).ConclusionsrhGH induces earlier spermatogenesis in patients with CCPHD, which encourages the co-treatment with rhGH and gonadotropins in CCPHD patients.
The Comprehensive Analysis Identified an Autophagy Signature for the Prognosis and the Immunotherapy Efficiency Prediction in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Xizhe , Dai Ziyu , Wu Xianning , Zhang Nan , Zhang Hao , Wang Zeyu , Zhang Xun , Liang Xisong , Luo Peng , Zhang Jian , Liu Zaoqu , Zhou Yanwu , Cheng Quan , Chang Ruimin 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a fatal malignancy in the world. Growing evidence demonstrated that autophagy-related genes regulated the immune cell infiltration and correlated with the prognosis of LUAD. However, the autophagy-based signature that can predict the prognosis and the efficiency of checkpoint immunotherapy in LUAD patients is yet to be discovered.MethodsWe used conventional autophagy-related genes to screen candidates for signature construction in TCGA cohort and 9 GEO datasets (tumor samples, n=2181; normal samples, n=419). An autophagy-based signature was constructed, its correlation with the prognosis and the immune infiltration of LUAD patients was explored. The prognostic value of the autophagy-based signature was validated in an independent cohort with 70 LUAD patients. Single-cell sequencing data was used to further characterize the various immunological patterns in tumors with different signature levels. Moreover, the predictive value of autophagy-based signature in PD-1 immunotherapy was explored in the IMvigor210 dataset. At last, the protective role of DRAM1 in LUAD was validated by in vitro experiments.ResultsAfter screening autophagy-related gene candidates, a signature composed by CCR2, ITGB1, and DRAM1 was established with the ATscore in each sample. Further analyses showed that the ATscore was significantly associated with immune cell infiltration and low ATscore indicated poor prognosis. Meanwhile, the prognostic value of ATscore was validated in our independent LUAD cohort. GSEA analyses and single-cell sequencing analyses revealed that ATscore was associated with the immunological status of LUAD tumors, and ATscore could predict the efficacy of PD-1 immunotherapy. Moreover, in vitro experiments demonstrated that the inhibition of DRAM1 suppressed the proliferation and migration capacity of LUAD cells.ConclusionOur study identified a new autophagy-based signature that can predict the prognosis of LUAD patients, and this ATscore has potential applicative value in the checkpoint therapy efficiency prediction.
Early Comprehensive Kidney Care in Dialysis-Requiring Acute Kidney Injury Survivors: A Populational Study
Authors: Wu Chun-Yi , Liu Jia-Sin , Chen Cheng-Hsu , Huang Chun-Te , Yu Tung-Min , Chuang Ya-Wen , Huang Shih-Ting , Hsu Chih-Cheng , Wu Ming-Ju 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundFor patients with Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), a strong and graded relationship exists between AKI severity and mortality. One of the most severe entities of AKI is Dialysis-Requiring Acute Kidney Injury (D-AKI), which is associated with high rates of mortality and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). For this high-risk population group, there is a lack of evidence regarding optimal post-AKI care. We propose that post-AKI care through the combined efforts of the nephrologist and the multidisciplinary care team may improve outcomes. Our aim here is to study for survivors of dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury, the effects of implementing early comprehensive kidney care.MethodsThis is a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of Taiwanese through analyzing the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). We included patients with acute dialysis during hospitalization from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018. Propensity match was done at 1:1, including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on CKD-EPI which was performed due to large initial disparities between these two cohorts.ResultsAfter the propensity match, each cohort had 4,988 patients. The mean eGFR based on CKD-EPI was 27.5 ml/min/1.73 m2, and the mean follow-up period was 1.4 years.The hazard ratio for chronic dialysis or ESRD was 0.55 (95% CI, 0.49–0.62; p &lt; 0.001). The hazard ratio for all-cause mortality was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.57–0.88; p &lt; 0.001). Both outcomes favored early comprehensive kidney care.ConclusionsFor survivors of dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury, early comprehensive kidney care significantly lowered risks of chronic dialysis and all-cause mortality.
Impact of Adjuvant Chemotherapy on Variant Histology of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Analysis
Authors: Lo Chi-Wen , Li Wei-Ming , Ke Hung-Lung , Chang Yi-Huei , Wu Hsi-Chin , Chen I-Hsuan Alan , Lin Jen-Tai , Huang Chao-Yuan , Chen Chung-Hsin , Tseng Jen-Shu , Lin Wun-Rong , Jiang Yuan-Hong , Lee Yu-Khun , Tsai Chung-You , Chung Shiu-Dong , Hsueh Thomas Y. , Chiu Allen W. , Jou Yeong-Chin , Cheong Ian-Seng , Chen Yung-Tai , Chen Jih-Sheng , Chiang Bing-Juin , Yu Chih-Chin , Lin Wei Yu , Wu Chia-Chang , Chen Chuan-Shu , Weng Han-Yu , Tsai Yao-Chou 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe advantage of adjuvant chemotherapy for upper urinary tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) has been reported, whereas its impact on upper tract cancer with variant histology remains unclear. We aimed to answer the abovementioned question with our real-world data.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsPatients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) and were confirmed to have variant UTUC were retrospectively evaluated for eligibility of analysis. In the Taiwan UTUC Collaboration database, we identified 245 patients with variant UTUC among 3,109 patients with UTUC who underwent RNU after excluding patients with missing clinicopathological information.InterventionThose patients with variant UTUC were grouped based on their history of receiving adjuvant chemotherapy or not.Outcome Measurements and Statistical AnalysisPropensity score matching was used to reduce the treatment assignment bias. Multivariable Cox regression model was used for the analysis of overall, cancer-specific, and disease-free survival.Results and LimitationsFor the patients with variant UTUC who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy compared with those without chemotherapy, survival benefit was identified in overall survival in univariate analysis (hazard ratio (HR), 0.527; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.285–0.973; p = 0.041). In addition, in multivariate analysis, patients with adjuvant chemotherapy demonstrated significant survival benefits in cancer-specific survival (OS; HR, 0.454; CI, 0.208–0.988; p = 0.047), and disease-free survival (DFS; HR, 0.324; 95% CI, 0.155–0.677; (p = 0.003). The main limitations of the current study were its retrospective design and limited case number.ConclusionsAdjuvant chemotherapy following RNU significantly improved cancer-related survivals in patients with UTUC with variant histology.