bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Assessment of Land Quality Index of the Paddy Field Around Jember Regency
Authors: Sari Putri Tunjung , Mandala Marga , Cahyono Bowo Eko 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Land conversion causes a decrease in the occupation of paddy fields areas. Furthermore, the existing paddy fields that are mismanaged cause land degradation also. This study assesses the land quality index (LQI) in Jember Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The novelty of this research is that it combines the assessment of soil and land parameters (terrain, topography, climate, irrigation infrastructure, erosion, and flooding). Input data for this study consist of land cover, soil type, and slope maps. The procedure includes (1) spatial analysis to create the unit soil map area, (2) preparing soil sampling, (3) field survey, (4) soil chemical analysis in the laboratories, (5) scoring of paddy field condition, (6) principal component analysis and (7) classification. The PCA results show that three variables ( i.e., slope, irrigation infrastructure, and flood hazard) strongly correlate to LQI. Then, four classes (very low, low, medium, and reasonable) of LQI describe the spatial variability of the paddy field. The results show that about 1.05% of the paddy field area is categorised in a shallow LQI class. Then a low-class LQI covers approximately 13.83%, a medium-class about 42.92%, and 42.2 % of the paddy field categorised as the good LQI. Management of irrigation infrastructure and planting perennials in upstream areas can be carried out to improve land quality.
Land cover and vegetation mapping of tropical forest areas using a very high-resolution image in Central Borneo
Authors: Irsyam Mahrus , Indarto Indarto , Putra Bayu Taruna Wijaya , Soekarno Siswoyo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study analyses and compares land cover (LC) classification results of tropical forested areas in Central Borneo using very high-resolution imagery. The Pleiades image (spatial resolution less than 1m per pixels) is used as the primary input in this study. A neural network -multilayer perceptron (NN-MLP) algorithm is used and is compared with two well-known pixelbased classification algorithms, i.e., Maximum Likelihood classifier (MLC) and ECHO (Extraction and Classification of Homogeneous Objects). The ECHO is varied using (2x2; 4x4; and 6x6) homogeneous pixel group. The study covers an area of 162.60 km2 located in Central Borneo. The classification result produces nine (9) land cover classes, i.e., pavement, sparse vegetation, dense vegetation, bare land, palm oil plantation, mixture grass, sand, mining area, and water body. Classification using NN-MLP, MLC and ECHO produced kappa and overall accuracies of more than 90%. In general, the three algorithms can produce a relatively similar area extend for each class.
Effect of chemometrics to accuracy of NIR spectroscopy in predicting total soluble solid and hardness of dragon fruit
Authors: Budiastra I W , Dzikri M R S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics were assessed to determine the total soluble solids (TSS) and hardness of the dragon fruit nondestructively. Dragon fruit reflectance (n=117) were measured nondestructively by FT NIR spectrometer, and after that TSS and hardness of dragon fruit were measured destructively with digital refractometer and rheometer, respectively. Six spectra pretreatments and some number of PLS factors were applied to analyze the chemometrics effect to NIRS accuracy in predicting TSS and hardness of dragon fruit. The values of reflectance spectra of dragon fruit are high in 1000-1400 nm and after that decrease gradually. On the contrary, the values of absorption spectra are low in 1000-1400 nm, but in 1400-2500 nm the values are high with high variation. The hardness range of dragon fruit is 8.73-24.91 N and TSS of 9.20-17.60 brix. Reflectance spectra is better than absorption spectra in predicting TSS and hardness of dragon fruit. Only detrending spectra pretreatment increased the accuracy of NIR spectroscopy in predicting TSS of dragon fruit. However, there is no spectral pretreatment that can improve accuracy in predicting dragon fruit hardness. Increasing the number of PLS factors may increase the accuracy for a while but after that it decreases. The best chemometrics to determine TSS of dragon fruit is using detrending pretreatment of reflectance spectra and 16 PLS factors (r=0.93, SEP=0.66 brix, RPD=2.09). For hardness, the best chemometrics is using original reflectance spectra and 17 PLS factors (r=0.89, SEP=1.75 N, RPD=2.02). NIR Spectroscopy and chemometrics can be used to predict TSS and hardness of dragon fruit accurately and nondestructively.
Vis/NIR spectroscopy for non-destructive method in detecting soybean seeds viability
Authors: Saputri Devi Alicia Surya , Fahri Reza Pahlawan M , Murti Betty M. A. , Masithoh Rudiati Evi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to use study the potency of the modular Vis/NIR spectroscopy for determining viability of soybean seeds. Vis/NIR spectra of soybean seeds were collected and analysed using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) for discriminating non-viable soybean seeds from viable ones. The optimal classification models developed were compared with various spectral pre-processing methods. The result showed that the modular Vis/NIR spectroscopy performed perfectly (Accuracy and Reliability of 100%) in detecting soybean viability. The study showed that the Vis/NIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis are potential for rapid detection of viability of soybean seeds.
Development of Deep Learning Models on the Navigation System for Assistant Harvesting Robot
Authors: Halim M H A , Subrata D M , Widodo S , Solahudin M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Greenhouse farming can be more profitable if automation, computer and robotics technologies are applied to its environment. One of the robots specifically designed for the greenhouse environment is the robot for support harvesting process. The robot has the function of following the harvester and can carry the harvested product. This study has developed a navigation system for assistant robot using object detection based on deep learning. The image processing program uses the Python programming language and the deep learning models that have been tested on robots are SSD-MobileNet v2, Pednet, and Multiped. The deep learning model runs on the Jetson Nano device. The best detection results on SSD-MobileNet v2 with mean average precision of model is 72.7% and the sample detection accuracy is 88%.
Estimation of Potassium Nutrient Content in Tea Plants Using Sentinel-2 Satellite Imagery
Authors: Dwiputra A , Seminar K B , Sudradjat  
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is a plantation crop commodity that has a significant role in Indonesian tea industry. Currently, the determination of a single dose of potassium fertilizer on a tea plant begins with soil and leaf laboratory analysis. The cost of laboratory analysis for testing nutritional content of potassium in a tea plant has always been a challenge for many farmers. the necessity of minimizing the estimate of nutritional content of potassium in tea plants affordably and accurately is the goal of this study. This study aims to estimate the nutrient content of potassium in tea plants using sentinel-2 satellite imagery. The study began by sampling tea leaves and taking satellite images. The data obtained were then correlated with multiple linear regression analysis to create a model. The model obtained is K%= 0.619 + 0.001876 b3 - 0.001264 b4 -0.000201 b8, using the grouped data for the maximum time distance of sampling with image acquisition for 5 days and processed using backward regression method. The coefficient of determination (R-sq) obtained is classified as moderate at 50.18%. the model was validated and well characterized in making estimates with a MAPE percentage of 15.18% and a correctness of 84.82%.
Application of 3D reconstruction system based on close-range photogrammetry method for plant growth estimation
Authors: Putro A W , Nugroho A P , Sutiarso L , Okayasu T 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Plant growth monitoring is an important aspect of precision agriculture implementation. The monitoring can be performed by estimating the volume by the result of Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction by using Close-range Photogrammetry. However, to present the functionality of the system for plant growth behavior, it is necessary to evaluate its accuracy and performance. In this study, a plant growth estimation system based on non-contact measurement using the Close-Range Photogrammetry (CRP) method for volume estimation of Chinese cabbage was developed to measure the growth. The objective of this study was to apply a 3D reconstruction system using the CRP method for validating volume variation and estimate the rate of growth of Chinese cabbage. This system consists of Canon 700D’s DSLR camera and camera stabilizer. The stage of image processing using 3DF’s Zephyr Pro photogrammetric software for generating 3D models. For the validation purposes and its functionality for modelling and estimating volumetric objects, Chinese cabbage with four size variations at different ages was used (14, 21, 28, and 35 Days After Transplant). As the result, the developed system could observe and generate the plant in a three-dimensional manner resemble the actual plant model. Farther the volumetric validation could be obtained with the result of R2
of 0,9991, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = 26,08 cm3 and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) = 10,43%. From the result, the system could be used for generating plants into 3D objects and its accuracy of measurement is quite good. Further improvements in accuracy need to be made for precise measurements as well as validation for other crop types.
Design and Simulation of Oil Palm FFB Loading Machine
Authors: Desrial  , Muhammad K 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The process of loading the fresh fruit bunches of oil palm to the truck requires a lot of manpower if it is done manually. In fact, either the palm oil plantation or the smallholder palm oil farmer still performs this task manually, so that it can lead to fatigue and can result in injuries for the worker due to heavy workload. The purpose of this research is to design and simulate a machine for lifting the fresh fruit bunches to the truck, so that the activities of lifting the fresh fruit bunches to the truck become easier and can have a bigger working capacity. This research was conducted using a functional and structural design approach consisting of several stages, including: problem identification, design concept formulation, engineering analysis, engineering drawings, material strength analysis, kinematics simulation, power consumption simulation, and digital scale simulation. A simple structure of electric motor-driven bucket elevator was designed to load the fresh fruit bunches on to the truck tailgate. Based on the simulation results, the fresh fruit bunches can be lifted up satisfactorily from the bottom to the top with an elevator mechanism. This elevator is designed with lightweight for easy installation and kept at the tailgate of the truck. The maximum electric power consumption for lifting the fresh fruit bunches was found to be 1466.24 watts with designed loading capacity 23 ton/hour.
Coating Application to Extend the Shelf Life of Sweet Potatoes cv. Cilembu
Authors: Darmawati E , Ekawati M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) cv. Cilembu (Cilembu) is one of the commodities listed in Geographical Indications (IG) with number IDIG000000019. The specialty of Cilembu is that it tastes sweet like honey, making it attractive to the export market. The export market distribution process takes a relatively long time, so treatment is needed to maintain quality. Coating application is one of the efforts to slow down the process of respiration and transpiration which causes a decrease in quality. The purpose of the study was to determine the best coating application made from aloe vera flour and carrageenan in maintaining the quality of Cilembu sweet potato. The stages of the research were sample preparation, coating solution making, application of coating, and observation for 30 days of shelf life. The concentration of coating solution was aloe vera (AL) 1% and 2%, and carrageenan (K) 0.01% and 0.02%. The best coating formulation was selected based on quality parameters of Cilembu, namely browning index, weight loss, total dissolved solids and hardness. Based on the value of these parameters, AL2K2 coating (combination of 2% aloe vera and 0.02% carrageenan) is the best coating formulation that can minimize quality loss after 30 days of room temperature storage (27°C-30°C). The application of AL2K2 coating can maintain a browning index of 2.3, weight loss of 7.82%, total dissolved solids 15.2 °brix, and hardness of 5.59 kgf while the control (without treatment) value of these quality parameters are 4.30, 9.59%, 14.4 °brik, and 5.52 kgf for each of these parameters
Heavy metals analysis (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr) and calcium in Padang and Padang Panjang fresh cow’s milk
Authors: Ketut Budaraga I , Salihat Rera Aga 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Cow’s milk is important in a healthy food intake because of its high calcium content. However, the contamination in milk can be harmful to health. The acidity of cow’s milk decreases with the increase of heavy metals concentration that is poisonous to the body. This research aims to investigate the content of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr) and minerals Ca contained in fresh cow’s milk samples from two different locations, which are Padang city and Padang Panjang city. The heavy metal content in fresh milk from these two places has never been tested. The quantitative method used in this research is Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (SSA). The average heavy metal and Ca minerals contained in samples of fresh milk from the Lubuk Minturun area are: cadmium (Cd) not detected, lead (Pb) 13.58±1.01 ppm, zinc (Zn) 28.83±1.81 ppm, copper (Cu) 1.17±0.38 ppm, chromium (Cr) not detected, and calcium (Ca) 674.00±2.46 ppm. Meanwhile, fresh milk samples from Padang Panjang area: cadmium (Cd) not detected, Pb 20.58±2.02 ppm, Zn 53.08±2.40 ppm, Cu 2.17±0.38 ppm, chromium (Cr) not detected, and Ca 504.25±2.63 ppm. All samples from both regions showed heavy metal content of Pb, Zn, and Cu which exceeded the maximum limit set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), consequently it could cause negative impacts on health when consumed. This is assumed to be caused by cattle food contamination by garbage and pesticides which requires further research.
Morphological, ecological and geographic differences between diploids and tetraploids ofSymphytum officinale(Boraginaceae) justify both cytotypes as separate species
Authors: Kobrlová Lucie , Duchoslav Martin , Hroneš Michal 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPolyploidization is generally considered to be an important evolutionary driver affecting the genetic diversity, that can alter the morphology, phenology, physiology or ecology of plants, which in turn may make the taxonomy of polyploids more difficult. One such example is the Symphytum officinale complex, a polyploid species group represented by three major cytotypes: tetraploids (2n = 48), less common, geographically restricted diploids (2n = 24) and hypotetraploids (2n = 40). In most European floras only one polymorphic species, S. officinale, is widely recognized, while the particular cytotypes are usually considered conspecific. Our study provided a thorough evaluation of the ploidy level diversity, morphological and ecological variation, with a special attempt to clarify the status of ‘white-flowered’ diploids. Using flow cytometry, we identified three cytotypes: widespread tetraploids (76.1 %); less frequent diploids (23.6 %) with scattered distribution across the range of tetraploids and confined only to several areas of Europe; and extremely rare triploids (0.3 %). Diploids and tetraploids showed diffuse parapatric pattern of distribution, with only four mixed-cytotype populations (2.7 %) found, but almost entirely without triploids, suggesting reproductive isolation between di- and tetraploids. Niche of diploids falls nearly completely within the niche of tetraploids that showed niche expansion. Tetraploids also showed a shift in niche optimum towards a less continental and colder climate, coupled with expansion to more disturbance-prone sites with higher nutrient availability. Diploids were clearly distinguishable morphologically from tetraploids. The morphological differentiation of studied cytotypes appears to be taxonomically significant, especially in combination with ecological differences and the apparent presence of hybridization barriers. Both cytotypes should be treated as separate species (i.e. S. bohemicum and S. officinale s. str.).
Environmental sustainability in robotic and laparoscopic surgery: systematic review
Authors: Papadopoulou Ariadni , Kumar Niraj S , Vanhoestenberghe Anne , Francis Nader K 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Minimally invasive surgical (MIS) techniques are considered the gold standard of surgical interventions, but they have a high environmental cost. With global temperatures rising and unmet surgical needs persisting, this review investigates the carbon and material footprint of MIS and summarizes strategies to make MIS greener.

Methods
The MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases were interrogated between 1974 and July 2021. The search strategy encompassed surgical setting, waste, carbon footprint, environmental sustainability, and MIS. Two investigators independently performed abstract/full-text reviews. An analysis of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted per ton of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) or waste produced was generated.

Results
From the 2456 abstracts identified, 16 studies were selected reporting on 5203 MIS procedures. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions ranged from 6 kg to 814 kg CO2e per case. Carbon footprint hotspots included production of disposables and anaesthetics. The material footprint of MIS ranged from 0.25 kg to 14.3 kg per case. Waste-reduction strategies included repackaging disposables, limiting open and unused instruments, and educational interventions. Robotic procedures result in 43.5 per cent higher GHG emissions, 24 per cent higher waste production, fewer DALYs averted per ton of CO2, and less waste than laparoscopic alternatives.

Conclusion
The increased environmental impact of robotic surgery may not sufficiently offset the clinical benefit. Utilizing alternative surgical approaches, reusable equipment, repackaging, surgeon preference cards, and increasing staff awareness on open and unused equipment and desflurane avoidance can reduce GHG emissions and waste.
Recognition of Family Life by Children Living in Kinship Care Arrangements in England
Authors: Shuttleworth Paul Daniel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Kinship care is the long-term caring arrangement within the family constellation for children who cannot remain with their birth parents. Despite being the most prevalent alternative care arrangement for children worldwide, there are significant gaps in the knowledge about kinship care and few children’s perspectives in kinship care research. This article focuses on how children’s views, understood through theories of recognition, can assist understanding their lived experiences in kinship care. The recognition of kinship care has implications on how it is supported, regulated and financed. Insights were drawn from nineteen children in England using dialogical participation and critical realism methodologies, and methods such as child-led tours, photo-elicitation and visual methods. Analysis of the children’s insights unsettles simplistic dichotomous recognition of kinship care, family, participation and childhood seen in most current UK social work policy and practice. The research also demonstrates that children’s views are worthy of further inclusion in social work policy, practice and research, especially for kinship care.
Patient-derived antibodies reveal the subcellular distribution and heterogeneous interactome of LGI1
Authors: Ramirez-Franco Jorge , Debreux Kévin , Extremet Johanna , Maulet Yves , Belghazi Maya , Villard Claude , Sangiardi Marion , Youssouf Fahamoe , El Far Lara , Lévêque Christian , Debarnot Claire , Marchot Pascale , Paneva Sofija , Debanne Dominique , Russier Michael , Seagar Michael , Irani Sarosh R , El Far Oussama 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAutoantibodies against leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) occur in patients with encephalitis who present with frequent focal seizures and a pattern of amnesia consistent with focal hippocampal damage. To investigate whether the cellular and subcellular distribution of LGI1 may explain the localization of these features, and hence gain broader insights into LGI1’s neurobiology, we analysed the detailed localization of LGI1 and the diversity of its protein interactome, in mouse brains using patient-derived recombinant monoclonal LGI1 antibodies. Combined immunofluorescence and mass spectrometry analyses showed that LGI1 is enriched in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic contact sites, most densely within CA3 regions of the hippocampus. LGI1 is secreted in both neuronal somatodendritic and axonal compartments, and occurs in oligodendrocytic, neuro-oligodendrocytic and astro-microglial protein complexes. Proteomic data support the presence of LGI1–Kv1–MAGUK complexes, but did not reveal LGI1 complexes with postsynaptic glutamate receptors. Our results extend our understanding of regional, cellular and subcellular LGI1 expression profiles and reveal novel LGI1-associated complexes, thus providing insights into the complex biology of LGI1 and its relationship to seizures and memory loss.
The G213D variant in Nav1.5 alters sodium current and causes an arrhythmogenic phenotype resulting in a multifocal ectopic Purkinje-related premature contraction phenotype in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Calloe Kirstine , Geryk Michelle , Freude Kristine , Treat Jacqueline A , Vold Victoria A , Frederiksen Henriette Reventlow S , Broendberg Anders Krogh , Frederiksen Tanja Charlotte , Jensen Henrik K , Cordeiro Jonathan M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Aims
Variants in SCN5A encoding Nav1.5 are associated with cardiac arrhythmias. We aimed to determine the mechanism by which c.638G&gt;A in SCNA5 resulting in p.Gly213Asp (G213D) in Nav1.5 altered Na+ channel function and how flecainide corrected the defect in a family with multifocal ectopic Purkinje-related premature contractions (MEPPC)-like syndrome.

Methods and results
Five patients carrying the G213D variant were treated with flecainide. Gating pore currents were evaluated in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The 638G&gt;A SCN5A variant was introduced to human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) by CRISPR–Cas9 gene editing and subsequently differentiated to cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM). Action potentials and sodium currents were measured in the absence and presence of flecainide. Ca2+ transients were measured by confocal microscopy. The five patients exhibited premature atrial and ventricular contractions which were suppressed by flecainide treatment. G213D induced gating pore current at potentials negative to −50 mV. Voltage-clamp analysis in hiPSC-CM revealed the activation threshold of INa was shifted in the hyperpolarizing direction resulting in a larger INa window current. The G213D hiPSC-CMs had faster beating rates compared with wild-type and frequently showed Ca2+ waves and alternans. Flecainide applied to G213D hiPSC-CMs decreased window current by shifting the steady-state inactivation curve and slowed the beating rate.

Conclusion
The G213D variant in Nav1.5 induced gating pore currents and increased window current. The changes in INa resulted in a faster beating rate and Ca2+ transient dysfunction. Flecainide decreased window current and inhibited INa, which is likely responsible for the therapeutic effectiveness of flecainide in MEPPC patients carrying the G213D variant.