bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of serum dipeptidyl peptidase-IV levels in autoimmune thyroid disease
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Fu Ying , Yang Yuxian , Ke Jing , Zhao Dong 
Published: July 2022

Objective Decreased serum dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (sDPPIV) levels have been reported in patients with autoimmune diseases. However, few studies have analyzed the association between sDPPIV levels and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). This study aimed to evaluate the association between sDPPIV levels and three types of AITD: Graves’ disease (GD), Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO), and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). Methods Patients newly diagnosed with GD (n = 65), GO (n = 22), and HT (n = 27) and healthy individuals (n = 30) were recruited. Clinical characteristics and thyroid function data were collected. sDPPIV was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results Compared with controls (786.3 ± 46.95), patients with GD and GO had significantly lower sDPPIV levels (662.2 ± 38.81 and 438.4 ± 31.78). Additionally, sDPPIV levels were negatively associated with antithyroid peroxidase antibody (r = −0.20) and antithyroglobulin antibody (r = −0.19), but there was no significant relationship between thyroid hormone and sDPPIV levels. GO cases were divided by proptosis with and without muscle thickening; sDPPIV levels were lower in the muscle thickening group than those in the without muscle thickening group. Logistic regression analysis showed that sDPPIV was negatively correlated with GO and GD. Conclusions sDPPIV concentrations were abnormal in patients with GD and GO, and reduced sDPPIV expression may be involved in the progression of GO and GD.
Left ventricular venting in veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A computer simulation study
Authors: Jelenc Matija , Jelenc Blaž , Novak Robert , Poglajen Gregor 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) is the fastest way to restore circulation in refractory cardiogenic shock, however it cannot unload the failing left ventricle. There is a lack of consensus regarding optimal approach to left ventricular venting in V-A ECMO patients with severely depressed or absent left ventricular function. Methods: A computer model was developed in Matlab Simulink R20016b (MathWorks, Inc., Natick, MA, USA) to analyze different venting options as well as atrial septostomy in the setting of cardiogenic shock and V-A ECMO. Results: The model has shown an inverse linear relationship between left atrial pressure and either vent, Impella or atrial septum defect flow rate. The minimum vent flow required to prevent pulmonary edema in complete loss of left ventricular function needed to be higher than the bronchial blood flow. Atrial septostomy restored normal pulmonary blood flow with low left atrial pressure but induced stasis in the left ventricle. Venting the pulmonary artery induced stasis in the entire pulmonary circulation as well as left atrium and left ventricle. Venting the left ventricle directly with a cannula or Impella device avoided blood stasis. Conclusion: Our data suggest that reduction of left atrial pressure is linearly related to the vent, Impella or atrial septal defect flow rate. The preferred vent location is the left ventricle as it avoids stasis in the pulmonary circulation and cardiac chambers.
A Comparative Study of the Right and Left Carotid Arteries in Relation to Age for Patients With Diabetes and Hypertension
Authors: Al-Sabbagh Ahmed Abduljabar , Essa Samar I. , Saleh Anmar Z 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Age, hypertension, and diabetes can cause significant alterations in arterial structure and function, including changes in lumen diameter (LD), intimal-medial thickness (IMT), flow velocities, and arterial compliance. These are also considered risk markers of atherosclerosis and cerebrovascular disease. A difference between right and left carotid artery blood flow and IMT has been reported by some researchers, and a difference in the incidence of nonlacunar stroke has been reported between the right and left brain hemispheres. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences between the right and left common carotid arteries and internal carotid arteries in patients with hypertension and diabetes for 2 age groups. Methods: We studied 250 patients with both diabetes and hypertension. Patients were divided into 2 age groups with the old age group being 56 to 75 years and the young age group 35 to 55 years. The bilateral common carotid and internal carotid arteries were evaluated with B-mode ultrasound and Doppler examinations. The LD and IMT were measured for both common carotid arteries, and spectral waveform parameters and indices were recorded for both internal carotid arteries. Results: The difference in LD between the left and right common carotid arteries for the old age group was 11.64% and for the young age group was 6.42%, with significant P values of <.05 for both age groups. The difference in IMT between the left and right common carotid arteries was 18.27% in the old age group compared with 15.38% in the young age group, with significant P values of <.05. There was a difference in peak systolic velocity between the left and right internal carotid arteries of 4.85% in the old age group which was not significant, compared with 14.28% in the young age group with a significant P value <.05, whereas the difference in end-diastolic velocity between the left and right internal carotid arteries was not significant for both age groups. Differences between the right and left internal carotid arteries for resistive index, pulsatility index, and pressure gradient were significant only in the young age group. Conclusion: We found significant differences between the right and left common carotid and internal carotid arteries in patients with diabetes and hypertension which were more prominent in the young age group. Values for common carotid IMT and LD were significantly higher in the left common carotid artery versus the right common carotid artery in both age groups. Differences between the 2 carotid sides may be attributed to anatomic variations in the common carotid artery origins which lead to differences in stress between the 2 sides.
Patient Age and Surgical Intervention as Risk Factors for the Development of Osteoarthritis After Posterior Shoulder Instability: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Till Sara E. , Reinholz Anna K. , Lee Julia , Woodmass Jarret M. , Wu Isabella T. , Keyt Lucas K. , Krych Aaron J. , Dahm Diane L. , Camp Christopher L. 
Published: July 2022

Background: Diagnosis and treatment of posterior shoulder instability (PSI) has improved with advances in imaging and surgical technique. However, the relationship between PSI and osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear. Purpose: To evaluate a population-based cohort to (1) determine the rate of symptomatic OA, (2) identify patient characteristic risk factors for OA, and (3) evaluate the effect of posterior capsulolabral repair on OA progression. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: After review of 324 patient records, we included 115 patients (14 female, 101 male) diagnosed with PSI between January 1994 and July 2012 with an average follow-up of 12.5 years (range, 5-23 years). Medical records were reviewed for patient characteristics, injury characteristics, surgical details (if any), and radiographic progression of OA. Kaplan-Meier survival was used to estimate survival free of OA; characteristics associated with OA progression were determined via univariate Cox regression models, and associated 95% CIs and hazard ratios (HRs) are presented. Results: Overall, 14% (16/115) of patients had radiographic progression of symptomatic glenohumeral arthritis, with 5-year survival of 88.3% (95% CI, 79.7%-97.3%). Older age at the time of instability diagnosis was associated with arthritis progression (10-year unit HR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.26-3.03). Patients who underwent surgery demonstrated increased radiographic progression of OA (HR, 4.03; 95% CI, 1.23-13.23). There was a trend of increased OA in patients treated with labral debridement compared with repair despite lower baseline levels of OA; however, this difference was not statistically significant ( P = .09). Conclusion: Symptomatic glenohumeral arthritis is not seen routinely in patients with PSI. Although uncommon, an age of at least 30 years at the time of diagnosis and surgical intervention were identified as risk factors for developing symptomatic arthritis at long-term follow-up.
A biomedical event extraction method based on fine-grained and attention mechanism
Authors: He Xinyu , Tai Ping , Lu Hongbin , Huang Xin , Ren Yonggong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundBiomedical event extraction is a fundamental task in biomedical text mining, which provides inspiration for medicine research and disease prevention. Biomedical events include simple events and complex events. Existing biomedical event extraction methods usually deal with simple events and complex events uniformly, and the performance of complex event extraction is relatively low.ResultsIn this paper, we propose a fine-grained Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory method for biomedical event extraction, which designs different argument detection models for simple and complex events respectively. In addition, multi-level attention is designed to improve the performance of complex event extraction, and sentence embeddings are integrated to obtain sentence level information which can resolve the ambiguities for some types of events. Our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on the commonly used dataset Multi-Level Event Extraction.ConclusionsThe sentence embeddings enrich the global sentence-level information. The fine-grained argument detection model improves the performance of complex biomedical event extraction. Furthermore, the multi-level attention mechanism enhances the interactions among relevant arguments. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for biomedical event extraction.
Foliar application of procyanidins enhanced the biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline in aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Luo Haowen , Duan Meiyang , Xing Pipeng , Xie Huifang , Tang Xiangru 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Procyanidins is a polyphenolic compound with multiple properties. However, the application of exogenous procyanidins in crops has not been reported. Aromatic rice is a high-quality rice with a special aroma and popular with consumers. The 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) is a key compound of aromatic rice aroma. In the current study, aromatic rice plants were sprayed with procyanidins solutions at 0.25 (Pr0.25), 0.50 (Pr0.50), 1.00 (Pr1.00), 2.00 (Pr2.00) g L−1, respectively and treatment sprayed with distilled water was taken as control (CK). The effects of exogenous procyanidins on growth and 2-AP biosynthesis of aromatic rice plants were explored.

Results
Compared with CK, Pr1.00 and Pr2.00 treatments significantly increased 2-AP content by 16.67% and 37.68%, respectively. Higher proline, 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (P5C), 1-pyrroline, methylglyoxal contents, and lower γ- aminobutyric acid (GABA) content were recorded in Pr1.00 and Pr2.00 treatments than CK. Compared with CK, Pr1.00 and Pr2.00 treatments significantly improved the activities of P5CS and OAT and diminished the activity of BADH. Furthermore, compared with CK, Pr1.00 and Pr2.00 treatments significantly up-regulated the transcript levels of P5CS2, P5CR, OAT, DAO4 and down-regulated the transcript levels of BADH2. Exogenous procyanidins had no substantial effects on plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, and dry weight of aromatic rice plants.

Conclusions
In conclusion, our findings reported the increment of 2-AP content in aromatic rice under exogenous procyanidins. Our results indicated that the application of exogenous procyanidins enhanced 2-AP biosynthesis by improving proline biosynthesis and inhibiting GABA formation.
Surgical treatment of patients with infective endocarditis: changes in temporal use, patient characteristics, and mortality—a nationwide study
Authors: Jensen Andreas Dalsgaard , Østergaard Lauge , Petersen Jeppe K. , Graversen Peter , Butt Jawad H. , Bundgaard Henning , Moser Claus , Smerup Morten H. , Modrau Ivy S. , Iversen Kasper , Bruun Niels E. , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Gislason Gunnar , Wang Andrew , Ragnarsson Sigurdur , Povlsen Jonas A. , Køber Lars , Fosbøl Emil L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Valve surgery guidelines for infective endocarditis (IE) are unchanged over decades and nationwide data about the use of valve surgery do not exist.

Methods
We included patients with first-time IE (1999–2018) using Danish nationwide registries. Proportions of valve surgery were reported for calendar periods (1999–2003, 2004–2008, 2009–2013, 2014–2018). Comparing calendar periods in multivariable analyses, we computed likelihoods of valve surgery with logistic regression and rates of 30 day postoperative mortality with Cox regression.

Results
We included 8804 patients with first-time IE; 1981 (22.5%) underwent surgery during admission, decreasing by calendar periods (N = 360 [24.4%], N = 483 [24.0%], N = 553 [23.5%], N = 585 [19.7%], P = < 0.001 for trend). For patients undergoing valve surgery, median age increased from 59.7 to 66.9 years (P ≤ 0.001) and the proportion of males increased from 67.8% to 72.6% (P = 0.008) from 1999–2003 to 2014–2018. Compared with 1999–2003, associated likelihoods of valve surgery were: Odds ratio (OR) = 1.14 (95% CI: 0.96–1.35), OR = 1.20 (95% CI: 1.02–1.42), and OR = 1.10 (95% CI: 0.93–1.29) in 2004–2008, 2009–2013, and 2014–2018, respectively. 30 day postoperative mortalities were: 12.7%, 12.8%, 6.9%, and 9.7% by calendar periods. Compared with 1999–2003, associated mortality rates were: Hazard ratio (HR) = 0.96 (95% CI: 0.65–1.41), HR = 0.43 (95% CI: 0.28–0.67), and HR = 0.55 (95% CI 0.37–0.83) in 2004–2008, 2009–2013, and 2014–2018, respectively.

Conclusions
On a nationwide scale, 22.5% of patients with IE underwent valve surgery. Patient characteristics changed considerably and use of valve surgery decreased over time. The adjusted likelihood of valve surgery was similar between calendar periods with a trend towards an increase while rates of 30 day postoperative mortality decreased.
Clinical features of patients with septic shock-triggered Takotsubo syndrome: a single-center 7 case series
Authors: Jing Chengqiao , Wang Yan , Kang Chunmiao , Dong Daoran , Zong Yuan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Myocardial dysfunction is common in septic shock and has long been recognized. Takotsubo syndrome is an acute and usually reversible myocardial injury without evidence of an obstructive coronary artery disease, yet little is known about this syndrome in septic shock patients.

Case presentation
Among 84 septic shock patients admitted to the ICU over a period of 8 months, 7 patients (8.3%) were diagnosed with Takotsubo syndrome. The percentage of men was 71%, and the mean age was 58 (19–87) years. Sudden hemodynamic deterioration and/or dyspnea were the presenting symptoms in 6 patients. T-wave inversion was the major ECG anomaly in 5 patients. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 31.8% (20.0–53.0). Mild elevation of cardiac troponin disproportionate to the extent of regional wall motion abnormalities was present in all patients. Cardiac complications occurred in 6 patients. The mean time to recover the cardiac function was 6.5 (3–11) days. In-hospital death was observed in 2 patients.

Conclusions
Takotsubo syndrome is not uncommon in septic shock patients and may be the cause of some patients with sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction. New-onset hemodynamic and respiratory worsening could arouse the suspicion of Takotsubo syndrome and prompt the screening for this syndrome using echocardiography in this clinical context.
Evaluating the impact of stay-at-home and quarantine measures on COVID-19 spread
Authors: Zhang Renquan , Wang Yu , Lv Zheng , Pei Sen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
During the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the causative pathogen of COVID-19. Among those NPIs, stay-at-home and quarantine measures were widely adopted and enforced. Understanding the effectiveness of stay-at-home and quarantine measures can inform decision-making and control planning during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and for future disease outbreaks.

Methods
In this study, we use mathematical models to evaluate the impact of stay-at-home and quarantine measures on COVID-19 spread in four cities that experienced large-scale outbreaks in the spring of 2020: Wuhan, New York, Milan, and London. We develop a susceptible-exposed-infected-removed (SEIR)-type model with components of self-isolation and quarantine and couple this disease transmission model with a data assimilation method. By calibrating the model to case data, we estimate key epidemiological parameters before lockdown in each city. We further examine the impact of stay-at-home and quarantine rates on COVID-19 spread after lockdown using counterfactual model simulations.

Results
Results indicate that self-isolation of susceptible population is necessary to contain the outbreak. At a given rate, self-isolation of susceptible population induced by stay-at-home orders is more effective than quarantine of SARS-CoV-2 contacts in reducing effective reproductive numbers $$R_e$$

R
e

. Variation in self-isolation and quarantine rates can also considerably affect the duration of outbreaks, attack rates and peak timing. We generate counterfactual simulations to estimate effectiveness of stay-at-home and quarantine measures. Without these two measures, the cumulative confirmed cases could be much higher than reported numbers within 40 days after lockdown in Wuhan, New York, Milan, and London.

Conclusions
Our findings underscore the essential role of stay-at-home orders and quarantine of SARS-CoV-2 contacts during the early phase of the pandemic.
Clinical features and 18F-FDG PET/CT for distinguishing of malignant lymphoma from inflammatory lymphadenopathy in HIV-infected patients
Authors: Chen Donghe , Zhu Yunqi , Chen Yunbo , Zhu Danhua , Liu Zhengfeng , Li Tiancheng , Liu Yinuo , Zhao Kui , Su Xinhui , Li Lanjuan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
It is vital to distinguish between inflammatory and malignant lymphadenopathy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals. The purpose of our study was to differentiate the variations in the clinical characteristics of HIV patients, and apply 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters for distinguishing of malignant lymphoma and inflammatory lymphadenopathy in such patients.

Methods
This retrospective cross-sectional study included 59 consecutive HIV-infected patients who underwent whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT. Of these patients, 37 had biopsy-proven HIV-associated lymphoma, and 22 with HIV-associated inflammatory lymphadenopathy were used as controls. The determined parameters were the maximum of standard uptake value (SUVmax), SUVmax of only lymph nodes (SUVLN), the most FDG-avid lesion-to-liver SUVmax ratio (SURmax), laboratory examinations and demographics. The optimal cut-off of 18F-FDG PET/CT value was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).

Results
Considering the clinical records, the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scores in patients with inflammatory lymphadenopathy were obviously higher than those in patients with malignant lymphoma (P = 0.015), whereas lymphocyte counts and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were obviously lower (P = 0.014 and 0.010, respectively). For the 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging, extra-lymphatic lesions, especially digestive tract and Waldeyer’s ring, occurred more frequently in malignant lymphoma than inflammatory lymphadenopathy. Furthermore, the SURmax and SUVLN in malignant lymphoma were markedly higher than those in inflammatory lymphadenopathy (P = 0.000 and 0.000, respectively). The cut-off point of 3.1 for SURmax had higher specificity (91.9%) and relatively reasonable sensitivity (68.2%) and the cut-off point of 8.0 for the SUVLN had high specificity (89.2%) and relatively reasonable sensitivity (63.6%).

Conclusion
Our study identified the distinctive characteristics of the clinical manifestations, the SURmax, SUVLN and detectability of extra-lymphatic lesions on 18F-FDG PET, and thus provides a new basis for distinguishing of malignant lymphoma from inflammatory lymphadenopathy in HIV-infected patients.
Predicting coronary artery calcified plaques using perivascular fat CT radiomics features and clinical risk factors
Authors: Hu Guo-qing , Ge Ya-qiong , Hu Xiao-kun , Wei Wei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this study was to develop a combined radiomics model to predict coronary plaque texture using perivascular fat CT radiomics features combined with clinical risk factors.

Methods
The data of 200 patients with coronary plaques were retrospectively analyzed and randomly divided into a training group and a validation group at a ratio of 7:3. In the training group, The best feature set was selected by using the maximum correlation minimum redundancy method and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. Radiomics models were built based on different machine learning algorithms. The clinical risk factors were then screened using univariate logistic regression analysis. and finally a combined radiomics model was developed using multivariate logistic regression analysis to combine the best performing radiomics model with clinical risk factors and validated in the validation group. The efficacy of the model was assessed by a receiver operating characteristic curve, the consistency of the nomogram was assessed using calibration curves, and the clinical usefulness of the nomogram was assessed using decision curve analysis.

Results
Twelve radiomics features were used by different machine learning algorithms to construct the radiomics model. Finally, the random forest algorithm built the best radiomics model in terms of efficacy, and this was combined with age to construct a combined radiomics model. The area under curve for the training and validation group were 0.98 (95% confidence interval, 0.95–1.00) and 0.97 (95% confidence interval, 0.92–1.00) with sensitivities of 0.92 and 0.86 and specificities of 0.99 and 1, respectively. The calibration curve demonstrated that the nomogram had good consistency, and the decision curve analysis demonstrated that the nomogram had high clinical utility.

Conclusions
The combined radiomics model established based on CT radiomics features and clinical risk factors has high value in predicting coronary artery calcified plaque and can provide a reference for clinical decision-making.