bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passivating Defects at the Bottom Interface of Perovskite by Ethylammonium to Improve the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ren Jiahao , Liu Tanghao , He Bingchen , Wu Guangbao , Gu Hao , Wang Bingzhe , Li Jielei , Mao Yulin , Chen Shi , Xing Guichuan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe interface of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) plays a significant role in influencing their performance, yet there is still scarce research focusing on their difficult‐to‐expose bottom interfaces. Herein, ethylammonium bromide (EABr) is introduced into the bottom interface and its passivation effects are studied directly. First, EABr can improve substrate wettability, which is beneficial for the perovskite‐film deposition. By lifting off the perovskite film spontaneously from the substrate, it is found that EABr can significantly reduce the amount of unreacted PbI2 at the bottom interface. These PbI2 crystals have been recently identified as a major defect source and degradation site for perovskite film. Meanwhile, EABr also lifts the valence band maximum at the bottom side of perovskite from ‐5.38 to ‐5.09 eV, facilitating better hole transfer. Such a improvement is also verified by the study of charge carrier dynamics. Through introducing EABr, all photovoltaic parameters of the inverted PSCs are improved, and their power conversion efficiency (PCE) increases from 20.41% to 21.06%. The study highlights the importance of direct characterization of the bottom interface for a better passivation effect.
Preparation and Characteristics of Starch‐Based Pickering Emulsions: Effects of Rosin Acid and Starch Size
Authors: Bi Huimin , Zhao Guoyu , Fan Fangyu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study aims to research the effects of rosin acid (RA) and size of starch on the properties of Pickering emulsifier. Potato (PS, 10–100 µm), corn (CS, 5–25 µm), and rice (RS, 3–8 µm) starches are modified with RA, and their starch ester is used to prepare Pickering emulsions. The results of scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum analysis reveal that the structure of native starch is largely destroyed, and esterification occurs between starch and RA. The starch‐based Pickering emulsion, which is esterified by RA, has the uniform particle size and higher stability than native starch. With prolonged storage, the emulsion of large‐sized RA–starch (PS and CS) show a stable gel phenomenon, and the emulsion of small‐sized RA–starch (RS) is a Newton fluid. In addition, the results indicate that RA–starch displays high viscosity and emulsifying properties.
Mobilizing Scandinavian Children and Youth for the Environment: Launching a Transnational Campaign 1968–1971
Authors: Lundberg Björn , Larsson Heidenblad David 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn 1968, Swedish insurance company Folksam launched the information campaign Front mot miljöförstöringen (“Front against Environmental Degradation”). The campaign culminated in 1969 with large public hearings where young people addressed local politicians and industry leaders about environmental problems. Throughout this campaign, the aim was to activate youth and make them co-creators of large-scale social change. Within a year, initiatives were taken to launch the campaign in other Nordic countries as well. In this chapter, we explore this early transnational Nordic initiative to raise environmental awareness and the role of children and youth in advancing these issues in the Swedish and Norwegian editions of the campaign. By analysing the various media involved, we specifically discuss the interplay between information and activation.
Green States in a Dirty World: 1975 and the Performance of Nordic Green Modern
Authors: Buns Melina Antonia , Hinde Dominic 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the 1975 Nordic Council conference at Frostavallen in Sweden as a transnational media event which specifically sought to articulate a green modernity to the outside world. It argues that the Nordic countries used Frostavallen to perform and formulate a green modernity based around international cooperation and progressive solutions blending policy and technology. This performance allowed the Nordics to not only claim and legitimize environmental leadership to domestic and international audiences, but also place brand themselves as an environmentally progressive region. Facilitated by institutionalized Nordic cooperation, the conference can be regarded as the progenitor of contemporary Nordic environment and climate change campaigns, whereby the Nordic states communicate a uniform Nordic sustainable modernity to the world as a political strategy.
The Diversity Principle Taken to Its Extreme: East Asian Propaganda on Finnish Television
Authors: Saarenmaa Laura 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores the travels of 1970s’ Maoist ballet films from the People’s Republic of China to Finnish television and outlines the political context for these broadcasts. The study centres on Finnish Broadcasting Company YLE’s Film Service, an independent unit responsible for rental of foreign films and series for television from 1967 to 1987. By broadcasting a wide selection of foreign films from around the world, YLE Film Service participated in shaping a national collective mindset and people’s views of the world.
Afterword 1
Authors: Cull Nicholas J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this afterword, Nicholas J. Cull ties together the chapters in Nordic Media Histories of Propaganda and Persuasion and argues that they tell a wider story of political communication, in which the Nordic region comes to express itself through a distinctive and characteristic take on global concerns. External threats emerged at several points as drivers of identity, both physical and cultural. Furthermore, Cull observes that the book shows how the strong image of the Nordic region and its component nations is the product of effort and inventive communication; its strong image and effective work has been based on a foundation of positive reality.
Promoting Norden and Nordic Cooperation in the 1930s: Social Democratic Visions and Transmedial Manifestations
Authors: Hemstad Ruth 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe 1930s represent a pivotal period for reinventing and consolidating Norden as a distinct region, characterized by increasing inter-Nordic cooperation. This chapter examines how modern mass media, in particular radio, was combined with older communication channels, from public mass meetings to newspapers, posters and pamphlets, in successfully promoting and propagating Nordic ideas to broader segments of the population. Two interrelated transnational and transmedial events are of particular interest: The public meeting of the Scandinavian social democratic leaders in Copenhagen in 1934 and the massive and spectacular celebration of Nordic Day 27 October 1936. This manifestation of Nordic cooperation was a joint effort by the Social Democratic parties, building on a longer tradition of what was termed labour Scandinavianism and the transnational network of the Norden Associations.
Introduction: History of Sexual Medicine
Authors: Jannini Emmanuele A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSexual medicine is a young science that arises from the renewed scientific activity of apparently distant fields such as psychiatry, endocrinology, and urology, merging andrological and gynecological skills. The medicine of sexuality is firmly rooted in the roots of the human sciences, such as psychology (psychosexology) and sociology. The latter, however, had perhaps lost in the past the objective of producing data and not just opinions. in this sense, the medicine of sexuality is positioned as a modern evolution capable of using any methodological tool (from basic sciences to clinical ones, epidemiological ones, and human and humanistic ones), as well the most modern diagnostic and therapeutic instruments and solutions.In conclusion, these last 25–30 years have seen the blossoming of sexual medicine, a splendid new chapter of internal medicine, becoming an essential and indispensable part of this.
Clinical Interpretation of Semen Analysis
Authors: Krausz Csilla , Farnetani Ginevra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSemen analysis is a fundamental step in the evaluation of the male fertility potential. However, fertility is a “couple-concept” implying the importance of the partner’s fertility status. In fact, a part from extreme conditions (e.g., azoospermia, necrozoospermia, total immotile spermatozoa, etc.) sperm parameters are not fully predictive for natural pregnancy. Semen analysis is divided into macroscopic and microscopic evaluation, and it provides information on the efficiency of spermatogenesis and the integrity of post-testicular structures. Based on the WHO reference values, it is possible to identify alterations of semen parameters, which may derive from many different etiologies. It is essential that the laboratory performs the analysis according to the current WHO guidelines and participate at an external quality control (EQC) program. The clinical interpretation of these alterations is the focus of this chapter.
Erectile Dysfunction, Surgical and Regenerative Therapy
Authors: Bettocchi Carlo , Castiglione Fabio , Cakir Omer Onur , Falagario Ugo , Ricapito Anna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractErectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the failure to achieve and/or maintain a penile erection that is satisfactory for sexual intercourse.The implantation of a penile prosthesis may be considered in patients who are not suitable for different pharmacotherapies and do not respond to the first and the second line of medical treatment.Intraoperative complications include hematoma formation, floppy glans, perforation of the corpora cavernosa, and urethral injury. Bladder, vascular, and bowel injury are the most dangerous events and should be prevented. Postoperative complications are represented by infections, erosions, and glandular ischemia.There is an increasing interest in the hypothesis of “regenerative” cures for ED aimed at decreasing fibrosis of the corpora cavernosa and rebuilding their normal biological architecture. These new regenerative treatments include stem cell injections, platelet-rich plasma, and low-intensity shock wave therapy.
Orgasm and Ejaculation Disorders
Authors: Belladelli Federico , Pozzi Edoardo , Fallara Giuseppe , Capogrosso Paolo , Salonia Andrea 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDisorders of ejaculations are among the most complex complaints of patients seeking first medical help for sexual dysfunction. Among these, premature ejaculation (PE), delayed ejaculation (DE), retrograde ejaculation, and anorgasmia are the most frequently reported, and their impact on patients’ quality of life can be major. Although numerous preclinical and clinical studies have been published over the last two decades, the true pathophysiological mechanisms behind ejaculation remain unclear. In this context, this chapter aims at providing the latest evidence regarding ejaculation physiology together with detailed epidemiological data, diagnostic work-up, and treatment options upon PE, DE, retrograde ejaculation, and anorgasmia.
Flux vacua with approximate flat directions
Authors: Cicoli Michele , Licheri Matteo , Mahanta Ratul , Maharana Anshuman 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We present a novel method to obtain type IIB flux vacua with flat directions at tree level. We perform appropriate choices of flux quanta that induce relations between the flux superpotential and its derivatives. This method is implemented in toroidal and Calabi-Yau compactifications in the large complex structure limit. Explicit solutions are obtained and classified on the basis of duality equivalences. In the toroidal case we present solutions with N = 1 and N = 2 supersymmetry and arbitrarily weak coupling. In Calabi-Yaus we find novel perturbatively flat vacua, as well as solutions with non-zero flux superpotential and an axionic flat direction which represent a promising starting point for de Sitter constructions from non-zero F-terms in the complex structure sector. The higher order (perturbative and non-perturbative) effects that can lift these flat directions are discussed. We also outline applications in a wide variety of settings involving the classical Regge growth conjecture, inflation and quintessence, supersymmetry breaking and F-term de Sitter uplifting.
HERC2 deficiency activates C-RAF/MKK3/p38 signalling pathway altering the cellular response to oxidative stress
Authors: Sala-Gaston Joan , Pedrazza Leonardo , Ramirez Juanma , Martinez-Martinez Arturo , Rawlins Lettie E. , Baple Emma L. , Crosby Andrew H. , Mayor Ugo , Ventura Francesc , Rosa Jose Luis 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHERC2 gene encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in several cellular processes by regulating the ubiquitylation of different protein substrates. Biallelic pathogenic sequence variants in the HERC2 gene are associated with HERC2 Angelman-like syndrome. In pathogenic HERC2 variants, complete absence or marked reduction in HERC2 protein levels are observed. The most common pathological variant, c.1781C > T (p.Pro594Leu), encodes an unstable HERC2 protein. A better understanding of how pathologic HERC2 variants affect intracellular signalling may aid definition of potential new therapies for these disorders. For this purpose, we studied patient-derived cells with the HERC2 Pro594Leu variant. We observed alteration of mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways, reflected by increased levels of C-RAF protein and p38 phosphorylation. HERC2 knockdown experiments reproduced the same effects in other human and mouse cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that HERC2 and RAF proteins form molecular complexes, pull-down and proteomic experiments showed that HERC2 regulates C-RAF ubiquitylation and we found out that the p38 activation due to HERC2 depletion occurs in a RAF/MKK3-dependent manner. The displayed cellular response was that patient-derived and other human cells with HERC2 deficiency showed higher resistance to oxidative stress with an increase in the master regulator of the antioxidant response NRF2 and its target genes. This resistance was independent of p53 and abolished by RAF or p38 inhibitors. Altogether, these findings identify the activation of C-RAF/MKK3/p38 signalling pathway in HERC2 Angelman-like syndrome and highlight the inhibition of RAF activity as a potential therapeutic option for individuals affected with these rare diseases.
Machining characteristics of various powder-based additives, dielectrics, and electrodes during EDM of micro-impressions: a comparative study
Authors: Ishfaq Kashif , Maqsood Muhammad Asad , Mahmood Muhammad Arif 
Published: October 2022

AbstractElectric discharge machining (EDM) has great acceptance in different application sectors to wipe out intrinsic problems, like product miniaturizing and tight tolerances, during the fabrication of micro-size products. Many researchers have worked well in the micro-cutting of various alloys through the EDM process. However, limited work has been reported on the EDM of SS 316 for micro-impression fabrication using EDM. The selection of the best dielectric, electrode material, and powder-based additives has never been targeted so far to have dimensionally accurate micro-impression at an appreciable cutting rate with no/less electrode damage in the EDM of the said alloy. Therefore, in this research, the collective influence of various dielectrics (kerosene oil, transformer oil, and canola oil), powders (alumina, graphite, and silicon carbide), and electrodes (copper, brass, and aluminum) have been comprehensively examined for the fabrication of micro-impressions in AISI 316 using EDM. Taguchi L9 orthogonal technique was applied to study the effect of four input parameters on material removal rate, overcut, and tool wear rate. Results were statistically explored using main effect plots and supplemented by scanning electron microscopy, surface profilometry, and optical microscopy. The results show that material removal and tool wear rates notably improved from the mean value by 29% and 89.4%, respectively, when the machining is carried out under silicon carbide mixed kerosene dielectric against silicon carbide the aluminum tool at a pulse time ratio of 1.5. Furthermore, for dimensional overcut, 5.3 times lesser value is observed from the average magnitude of 0.189 mm when the proposed EDM setup is employed for cutting AISI 316. An optimized setting has also been proposed by grey relational analysis and then validated through a confirmation experiment.
Transurethral resection of the prostate in 85+ patients: a retrospective, multicentre study
Authors: Lotterstätter Michael , Seklehner Stephan , Wimpissinger Florian , Gombos Jozsef , Bektic Jasmin , Stolzlechner Philipp , Laimer Sarah , Herrmann Thomas R. W. , Madersbacher Stephan , Lusuardi Lukas , Sieberer Manuela , Ramesmayer Christian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the safety and efficacy of transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P) in patients 85 years or older.

Methods
In this retrospective, multicentre study, patients equal or older than 85 years at the time of surgery (2015–2020) were included. Several pre-, peri- and postoperative parameters were collected. The main outcome criterion was spontaneous voiding with a post-void residual (PVR) volume < 100 ml at dismission and at 12 months after surgery.

Results
One hundred sixty-eight patients (median age: 87 years, interquartile range [IQR]: 86–89) were recruited. The patients took on average 5.2 permanent medications (3–8), 107 (64%) were anticoagulated preoperatively and neurological co-morbidities were present in 29 (17%). The indication for surgery was recurrent urinary retention in 66.3% (n = 110) with a mean retention volume of 849 ml. The mean PVR volume of the remaining 35% was 146 ml. Surgery was successfully completed in all patients. A perioperative surgical revision had to be performed in 3% and 13 patients (7.7%) required blood transfusion. After catheter removal, 85% of patients were able to void spontaneously with a PVR < 100 ml, and 14.3% were dismissed with a catheter. Twelve months data were available for 93 patients (55%). Of this cohort, 78 (83.9%) were able to void spontaneously with a PVR < 100 ml, 12 (12.9%) were on permanent catheterization. One patient (0.6%) died perioperatively. The only significant factor associated with an unsuccessful outcome was the number of permanent medications (6.8 vs. 5.0, p = 0.005).

Conclusion
This retrospective multicentre study documents the safety and efficacy of TURP (monopolar and bipolar) in the old-old cohort.
Frequency of subclavian artery stenosis in patients with mammarian artery coronary bypass and suspected coronary artery disease progression
Authors: Müller Arne M. , Bertram Justus , Bradaric Christian , Koppara Tobias , Cassese Salvatore , Xhepa Erion , Heilmeier Britta , Ott Ilka , Kastrati Adnan , Laugwitz Karl-Ludwig , Ibrahim Tareq , Dirschinger Ralf J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe retrospectively analyzed patient records of all patients with a history of internal mammarian artery (IMA) coronary bypass undergoing coronary angiography at two cardiovascular centers between January 1st 1999 and December 31st 2019. A total of 11,929 coronary angiographies with or without percutaneous coronary intervention were carried out in 3921 patients. Our analysis revealed 82 (2%) patients with documented subclavian artery stenosis. Of these, 8 (10%) patients were classified as having mild, 18 (22%) moderate, and 56 (68%) severe subclavian artery stenosis. In 7 (9%) patients with subclavian artery stenosis, angiography revealed occlusion of the IMA graft. 26 (32%) patients with severe subclavian artery stenosis underwent endovascular or surgical revasculararization of the subclavian artery. In this retrospective multicenter study, subclavian artery stenosis was a relevant finding in patients with an internal mammarian artery coronary bypass graft undergoing coronary angiography. The development of dedicated algorithms for screening and ischemia evaluation in affected individuals may improve treatment of this potentially underdiagnosed and undertreated condition.
Robotic-assisted TKA reduces surgery duration, length of stay and 90-day complication rate of complex TKA to the level of noncomplex TKA
Authors: Stauss Ricarda , Savov Peter , Tuecking Lars-René , Windhagen Henning , Ettinger Max 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Complex primary total knee arthroplasties (TKA) are reported to be associated with excessive episode of care (EOC) costs as compared to noncomplex procedures. The impact of robotic assistance (rTKA) on economic outcome parameters in greater case complexity has not been described yet. The purpose of this study was to investigate economic outcome parameters in the 90-days postoperative EOC in robotic-assisted complex versus noncomplex procedures.

Materials and methods
This study is a retrospective, single-center review of 341 primary rTKAs performed between 2017 and 2020. Patient collective was stratified into complex (n = 218) and noncomplex TKA (n = 123) based on the presence of the following criteria: Obese BMI, coronal malalignment, flexion contracture > 10°, posttraumatic status, previous correction osteotomy, presence of hardware requiring removal during surgery, severe rheumatoid arthritis. Group comparison included surgery duration, length of stay (LOS), surgical site complications, readmissions, and revision procedures in the 90-days EOC following rTKA.

Results
The mean surgery duration was marginally longer in complex rTKA, but showed no significant difference (75.26 vs. 72.24 min, p = 0.258), neither did the mean LOS, which was 8 days in both groups (p = 0.605). No differences between complex and noncomplex procedures were observed regarding 90-days complication rates (7.34 vs. 4.07%, p = 0.227), readmission rates (3.67 vs. 3.25%, p = 0.841), and revision rates (2.29 vs. 0.81%, p = 0.318).

Conclusions
Robotic-assisted primary TKA reduces the surgical time, inpatient length of stay as well as 90-days complication and readmission rates of complex TKA to the level of noncomplex TKA. Greater case complexity does not seem to have a negative impact on economic outcome parameters when surgery is performed with robotic assistance.