bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autonomous scanning probe microscopy investigations over WS2 and Au{111}
Authors: Thomas John C. , Rossi Antonio , Smalley Darian , Francaviglia Luca , Yu Zhuohang , Zhang Tianyi , Kumari Shalini , Robinson Joshua A. , Terrones Mauricio , Ishigami Masahiro , Rotenberg Eli , Barnard Edward S. , Raja Archana , Wong Ed , Ogletree D. Frank , Noack Marcus M. , Weber-Bargioni Alexander 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIndividual atomic defects in 2D materials impact their macroscopic functionality. Correlating the interplay is challenging, however, intelligent hyperspectral scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) mapping provides a feasible solution to this technically difficult and time consuming problem. Here, dense spectroscopic volume is collected autonomously via Gaussian process regression, where convolutional neural networks are used in tandem for spectral identification. Acquired data enable defect segmentation, and a workflow is provided for machine-driven decision making during experimentation with capability for user customization. We provide a means towards autonomous experimentation for the benefit of both enhanced reproducibility and user-accessibility. Hyperspectral investigations on WS2 sulfur vacancy sites are explored, which is combined with local density of states confirmation on the Au{111} herringbone reconstruction. Chalcogen vacancies, pristine WS2, Au face-centered cubic, and Au hexagonal close-packed regions are examined and detected by machine learning methods to demonstrate the potential of artificial intelligence for hyperspectral STS mapping.
2×N twin-field quantum key distribution network configuration based on polarization, wavelength, and time division multiplexing
Authors: Park Chang Hoon , Woo Min Ki , Park Byung Kwon , Kim Yong-Su , Baek Hyeonjun , Lee Seung-Woo , Lim Hyang-Tag , Jeon Seung-Woo , Jung Hojoong , Kim Sangin , Han Sang-Wook 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDeveloping quantum key distribution (QKD) has been recently directed toward distance extension and network expansion for real-world secure communications. Considering a recent report on a quantum communication network over 4,600 km, it seems that QKD networks using conventional protocols have been sufficiently studied. However, although the twin-field QKD (TF-QKD) proposed for long-distance QKD has been studied deeply enough to succeed the demonstrations over 428- and 511-km deployed fibers, TF-QKD networks have been verified only for a ring network. In this work, we propose a star topological 2 × N TF-QKD network scheme, where the coherence maintenance issue, being the primary obstacle to implementing TF-QKD, can be minimized by the automatic mode-matching feature of the Sagnac-based plug-and-play architecture. A lower number of active controllers is required for our scheme in comparison with one-way TF-QKD networks. Moreover, our scheme adopts a cost-effective configuration that requires only a single pair of single-photon detectors for the entire network system. We conducted a proof-of-concept experiment over a 50-km fiber successfully, achieving an average secret key rate of 1.31 × 10−4 bit per pulse (1.52 bit per second) with the finite-size effect.
Mapping the epithelial–immune cell interactome upon infection in the gut and the upper airways
Authors: Poletti Martina , Treveil Agatha , Csabai Luca , Gul Leila , Modos Dezso , Madgwick Matthew , Olbei Marton , Bohar Balazs , Valdeolivas Alberto , Turei Denes , Verstockt Bram , Triana Sergio , Alexandrov Theodore , Saez-Rodriguez Julio , Stanifer Megan L. , Boulant Steeve , Korcsmaros Tamas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIncreasing evidence points towards the key role of the epithelium in the systemic and over-activated immune response to viral infection, including SARS-CoV-2 infection. Yet, how viral infection alters epithelial–immune cell interactions regulating inflammatory responses, is not well known. Available experimental approaches are insufficient to properly analyse this complex system, and computational predictions and targeted data integration are needed as an alternative approach. In this work, we propose an integrated computational biology framework that models how infection alters intracellular signalling of epithelial cells and how this change impacts the systemic immune response through modified interactions between epithelial cells and local immune cell populations. As a proof-of-concept, we focused on the role of intestinal and upper-airway epithelial infection. To characterise the modified epithelial–immune interactome, we integrated intra- and intercellular networks with single-cell RNA-seq data from SARS-CoV-2 infected human ileal and colonic organoids as well as from infected airway ciliated epithelial cells. This integrated methodology has proven useful to point out specific epithelial–immune interactions driving inflammation during disease response, and propose relevant molecular targets to guide focused experimental analysis.
Maladaptive myelination promotes generalized epilepsy progression
Authors: Knowles Juliet K. , Xu Haojun , Soane Caroline , Batra Ankita , Saucedo Tristan , Frost Eleanor , Tam Lydia T. , Fraga Danielle , Ni Lijun , Villar Katlin , Talmi Sydney , Huguenard John R. , Monje Michelle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractActivity-dependent myelination can fine-tune neural network dynamics. Conversely, aberrant neuronal activity, as occurs in disorders of recurrent seizures (epilepsy), could promote maladaptive myelination, contributing to pathogenesis. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that activity-dependent myelination resulting from absence seizures, which manifest as frequent behavioral arrests with generalized electroencephalography (EEG) spike-wave discharges, promote thalamocortical network hypersynchrony and contribute to epilepsy progression. We found increased oligodendrogenesis and myelination specifically within the seizure network in two models of generalized epilepsy with absence seizures (Wag/Rij rats and Scn8a+/mut mice), evident only after epilepsy onset. Aberrant myelination was prevented by pharmacological seizure inhibition in Wag/Rij rats. Blocking activity-dependent myelination decreased seizure burden over time and reduced ictal synchrony as assessed by EEG coherence. These findings indicate that activity-dependent myelination driven by absence seizures contributes to epilepsy progression; maladaptive myelination may be pathogenic in some forms of epilepsy and other neurological diseases.
Portfolio effects and functional redundancy contribute to the maintenance of octocoral forests on Caribbean reefs
Authors: Edmunds P. J. , Lasker H. R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDeclines in abundance of scleractinian corals on shallow Caribbean reefs have left many reefs dominated by forests of arborescent octocorals. The ecological mechanisms favoring their persistence require exploration. We quantified octocoral communities from 2014 to 2019 at two sites in St. John, US Virgin Islands, and evaluated their dynamics to assess whether portfolio effects might contribute to their resilience. Octocorals were identified to species, or species complexes, and their abundances and heights were measured, with height2 serving as a biomass proxy. Annual variation in abundance was asynchronous among species, except when they responded in similar ways to hurricanes in September 2017. Multivariate changes in octocoral communities, viewed in 2-dimensional ordinations, were similar between sites, but analyses based on density differed from those based on the biomass proxy. On the density scale, variation in the community composed of all octocoral species was indistinguishable from that quantified with subsets of 6–10 of the octocoral species at one of the two sites, identifying structural redundancy in the response of the community. Conservation of the relative colony size-frequency structure, combined with temporal changes in the species represented by the tallest colonies, suggests that portfolio effects and functional redundancy stabilize the vertical structure and canopy in these tropical octocoral forests.
Brief report on the relation between complement C3a and anti dsDNA antibody in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Cai Yao-Hua , Deng Jun , Chen Zhao-Lin , Mei Heng , Tang Liang , Luo Shan-Shan , Hu Yu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by the production of a diverse array of autoantibodies and the dysfunctional activation of the complement system. The specific association between the complement component C3a (C3a) protein and antibodies specific for double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA), however, has not been studied in detail to date. This study was thus designed to more fully explore circulating C3a levels in SLE patients. In total, 13 SLE patients were enrolled in this study after having been diagnosed in accordance with the SLICC classification criteria, with 7 and 6 patients respectively exhibiting positivity for anti-dsDNA and anti-Sm autoantibodies. Serum complement component C1q (C1q) and C3a levels in samples from these patients were detected via Western blotting, while other serological, biochemical, and clinical parkers associated with disease activity were detected using standard laboratory techniques. The levels of serum C3a in anti-dsDNA+ patients were significantly elevated as compared to those in anti-Sm+ patients (P < 0.01), and a positive correlation between serum C3a levels and SLE Disease Activity Index scores was detected (P < 0.05, r = 0.6134). C3a levels are correlated with the degree of SLE disease activity and other clinically relevant readouts in SLE patients. C3a levels may also enable the differentiation between inactive and active SLE, while also offering value as an advantageous biomarker for thrombophilia monitoring in SLE patients.
Role of cathepsin K in the expression of mechanical hypersensitivity following intra-plantar inflammation
Authors: Paracha Maha , Thakar Amit , Darling Rebecca A. , Wulff Shaun S. , Rule Dan C. , Nair Sreejayan , Brown Travis E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPersistent/chronic inflammatory pain involves multiple pathophysiological mechanisms and is far more complex than acute/momentary pain. Current therapeutics for chronic inflammatory pain are often not effective because the etiology responsible for the pain is not addressed by traditional pharmacological treatments. Cathepsin K is a cysteine protease that has mostly been studied in the context of bone and joint disorders. Previous work by others has shown that inhibition of cathepsin K activity reduces osteoarthritis-associated nociception in joints. However, the role of cathepsin K in cutaneous inflammation is understudied. We assessed the effectiveness of genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of cathepsin K in male mice on the expression of nocifensive behaviors after formalin injection or mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity after injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into the mouse hind paw. Our data demonstrate that cathepsin K knockout mice (Ctsk−/−) have a reduction in nocifensive behaviors in the formalin test. In addition, Ctsk−/− do not develop mechanical hypersensitivity after CFA injection for up to 7 days. Moreover, we found that inhibition of cathepsin K reduced mechanical hypersensitivity after CFA injection and mRNA levels, protein levels, and cathepsin K activity levels were elevated after CFA injection. Based upon our data, cathepsin K is indicated to play a role in the expression of chemically-induced cutaneous hypersensitivity, as Ctsk−/− mice do not develop mechanical hypersensitivity and show a reduction in nocifensive behaviors. Further research is needed to determine whether attenuating cathepsin K activity may generate a clinically relevant therapeutic.
Hemodynamic and morphological changes of the central retinal artery in myopic eyes
Authors: Zhao Mei , Lam Andrew Kwok-Cheung , Ying Michael Tin-Cheung , Cheong Allen Ming-Yan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDue to excessive elongation of the eyeball, myopia-related vascular abnormalities are frequently observed in the central retinal artery (CRA) and its intraretinal branches. In addition to inconsistency in previously reported findings, hemodynamic (reduced flow velocity, increased vascular resistance) and morphological changes (narrower vessel diameter) were usually studied separately. This cross-sectional study evaluated the hemodynamic and morphological characteristics concurrently in a large sample of healthy myopes, by using the color Doppler ultrasound and adaptive optics retinal camera. Results showed that the retrobulbar segment of CRA had a tendency of slightly reduced flow velocity in eyeballs with longer axial length, but the correlation was not significant after adjusting for the multiple correlations. Vascular resistance was not affected by the axial elongation. With respect to the intraretinal branches, no significant changes in longer eyes of total diameter or lumen diameter were observed, while both the wall thickness and the wall cross-sectional area were significantly increased, but only a marginally increase in the wall to lumen ratio was found with increasing axial length. This implies some potential small artery remodeling in the intraretinal CRA branches. Overall, blood supply of the inner retina in healthy young myopes is likely to be maintained. Additionally, morphological parameters of vascular microstructure could be potential biomarkers to monitor myopia progression and understand myopia-related vascular abnormalities in future studies.
Development and validation of an interpretable clinical score for early identification of acute kidney injury at the emergency department
Authors: Ang Yukai , Li Siqi , Ong Marcus Eng Hock , Xie Feng , Teo Su Hooi , Choong Lina , Koniman Riece , Chakraborty Bibhas , Ho Andrew Fu Wah , Liu Nan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalised patients is a common syndrome associated with poorer patient outcomes. Clinical risk scores can be used for the early identification of patients at risk of AKI. We conducted a retrospective study using electronic health records of Singapore General Hospital emergency department patients who were admitted from 2008 to 2016. The primary outcome was inpatient AKI of any stage within 7 days of admission based on the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) 2012 guidelines. A machine learning-based framework AutoScore was used to generate clinical scores from the study sample which was randomly divided into training, validation and testing cohorts. Model performance was evaluated using area under the curve (AUC). Among the 119,468 admissions, 10,693 (9.0%) developed AKI. 8491 were stage 1 (79.4%), 906 stage 2 (8.5%) and 1296 stage 3 (12.1%). The AKI Risk Score (AKI-RiSc) was a summation of the integer scores of 6 variables: serum creatinine, serum bicarbonate, pulse, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and age. AUC of AKI-RiSc was 0.730 (95% CI 0.714–0.747), outperforming an existing AKI Prediction Score model which achieved AUC of 0.665 (95% CI 0.646–0.679) on the testing cohort. At a cut-off of 4 points, AKI-RiSc had a sensitivity of 82.6% and specificity of 46.7%. AKI-RiSc is a simple clinical score that can be easily implemented on the ground for early identification of AKI and potentially be applied in international settings.
Exploring the impacts of traffic flow states on freeway normal crashes, primary crashes, and secondary crashes
Authors: Yang Bo , Guo Yanyong , Zhang Weihua , Yao Ying , Wu Yiping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study aims to explore the relationship between traffic flow states and crash type/severity in the scenarios of normal crashes, primary crashes, and secondary crashes using the association rules mining approach. The crash data and real‐time traffic data were collected from the I‐880 freeway for five years in California, USA. The secondary crashes were identified using a speed contour plot approach. Traffic flow states were identified by the three‐phase flow theory. The results showed that the free flow is associated with the proportion of the sideswipe normal crash, the hit object primary crash, and the injury primary crash. The synchronized flow, the wide moving jams, and the transitional state from synchronized flow to wide moving jams are associated with the proportion of the rear‐end secondary crash. The transitional state from synchronized flow to free flow is associated with the proportion of the rear‐end primary crash and the property damage only primary crash. In addition, the unsafe speed behaviour can increase the proportion of the rear‐end normal, primary, and secondary crashes. The unsafe lane change behaviour can increase the proportion of the sideswipe normal, primary, and secondary crashes. These results have the potential to reduce the secondary crash probability.
The molecular gas properties in local Seyfert 2 galaxies
Authors: Salvestrini F. , Gruppioni C. , Hatziminaoglou E. , Pozzi F. , Vignali C. , Casasola V. , Paladino R. , Aalto S. , Andreani P. , Marchesi S. , Stanke T. 
Published: May 2022

Aims.We present a multiwavelength study of the molecular gas properties of a sample of local Seyfert 2 galaxies to assess if, and to what extent, the presence of an active galactic nucleus (AGN) can affect the interstellar medium (ISM) properties in a sample of 33 local Seyfert 2 galaxies.Methods.We compare the molecular gas content (MH2) derived from new and archival low-J CO line measurements of a sample of AGN and a control sample of star-forming galaxies (SFGs). Both the AGN and the control sample are characterized in terms of host-galaxy properties, for example stellar and dust masses (M⋆andMdust, respectively) and the star formation rate (SFR). We also investigate the effect of AGN activity on the emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules in the mid-infrared (MIR), a waveband where the dust-reprocessed emission from the obscured AGN contributes the most.Result.The AGN hosted in less massive galaxies (i.e.,M⋆ < 1010.5 M⊙;Mdust < 107.5 M⊙) show larger molecular gas contents with respect to SFGs that have the same stellar and dust masses. When comparing their depletion times (tdep ∝ MH2/SFR), AGN showtdep ∼ 0.3 − 1.0 Gyr, similar to the times observed in the control sample of SFGs. Seyfert 2 galaxies show fainter PAH luminosity the larger the dominance of the nuclear activity in the MIR.Conclusions.We find no clear evidence for a systematic reduction in the molecular gas reservoir at galactic scales in Seyfert galaxies with respect to SFGs. This is in agreement with recent studies that show that molecular gas content is only reduced in sub-kiloparsec-sized regions, where emission from the accreting supermassive black hole dominates. Nonetheless, we show that the impact of AGN activity on the ISM is clearly visible as a suppression of the PAH luminosity.
Förderung von bewegungsbezogener
Gesundheitskompetenz in ärztlich verordneten Bewegungsinterventionen
– Aufbau des Interventionskonzeptes im Forschungsprojekt
BewegtVersorgt
Authors: Naber Inga , Klamroth Sarah , Weissenfels Anja , Geidl Wolfgang , Streber René , Mino Eriselda , Gelius Peter , Abu-Omar Karim , Pfeifer Klaus 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie ärztlich-initiierte Verordnung von Bewegung kann als effektive
Methode zur Bewegungsförderung von Menschen mit
nichtübertragbaren Erkrankungen (non-communicable diseases –
NCD) eingesetzt werden. Die Förderung der bewegungsbezogenen
Gesundheitskompetenz (BGK) im Rahmen der verordneten Bewegung beeinflusst die
Gesundheitswirkungen, den Bewältigungsprozess sowie das
Bewegungsverhalten positiv. In diesem Artikel wird ein BGK-basiertes
Interventionskonzept zur ärztlich-initiierten Bewegungsförderung
vorgestellt, welches im Projekt BewegtVersorgt entwickelt wurde.Das Forschungsprojekt BewegtVersorgt hat das Ziel, in Deutschland eine
solche ärztlich-initiierte Bewegungsversorgungskette zur systematischen
Bewegungsförderung für Menschen mit NCD zu entwickeln, zu
erproben und zu evaluieren. Im Rahmen des Projekts haben sich zwölf
Organisationen aus unterschiedlichen Bereichen des Gesundheitssystems
(Ärzteschaft, Kostenträger, Bewegungsanbieter, Vertretung der
Betroffenen) an der Entwicklung einer Bewegungsversorgungskette beteiligt. Diese
Versorgungskette wird in Form eines Modellprojektes nach §§ 63
Abs. 2, 64 SGB V gemeinsam mit ärztlichem Fachpersonal,
Bewegungsfachpersonal und Bewegungsanbietern in der Routineversorgung
für ein Jahr erprobt. Die Kernkomponente der Bewegungsversorgungskette
stellt die individuelle Bewegungsförderung (IBF) dar, welche basierend
auf dem Modell der BGK entwickelt wurde und von speziell geschultem
Bewegungsfachpersonal durchgeführt wird. Das Konzept ist modular
aufgebaut, integriert spezifische Methoden sowie Arbeitsmaterialien und umfasst
eine 1:1 Betreuung über einen Zeitraum von 24 Wochen (6 Einheiten
à 60 Minuten und drei Assessments).Nach der Erprobung werden der Implementierungserfolg in der Routineversorgung
sowie die Wirksamkeit der Versorgungskette im Hinblick auf die Steigerung des
körperlichen Aktivitätslevels und der BGK evaluiert. Sollte sich
das neue Versorgungskonzept als wirksam erweisen, ist für die letzte
Projektphase die Entwicklung eines Transfer- und Skalierungskonzepts zur
nachhaltigen Verankerung in der Gesundheitsversorgung geplant.
Analyse möglicher Zusammenhänge zwischen der
körperlichen Ausdauerleistung und der kognitiven Leistung sowie der
individuellen Alpha-Peak-Frequenz bei älteren Personen mit Typ-2
Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Masoud Magd , Amerkamp Jessica , Schwarzer Janina , Hülsdünker Thorben , Predel Hans-Georg , Brinkmann Christian 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungTyp-2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) erhöht das Risiko für
Demenzerkrankungen/Einbußen der kognitiven Leistung im Alter.
Eine gute körperliche Fitness gilt hingegen als Schutzfaktor. Ziel
dieser Studie war es, potenzielle Zusammenhänge zwischen der
Ausdauerleistung und der kognitiven Leistung sowie der individuellen
Alpha-Peak-Frequenz (iAPF, neurophysiologischer Indikator des kognitiven
Erregungs- und Aufmerksamkeitszustandes) bei Personen mit T2DM (n=10,
60–79 Jahre) zu analysieren. Die Personen nahmen an einem
Ausdauer-Belastungstest, einer Elektroenzephalografie und an verschiedenen
Kognitionstests (Mini-Mental-Status-Test, Trail-Making-Test, Determinationstest,
Response-Inhibition-Test) teil. Zusätzlich wurde das Level an glykiertem
Hämoglobin (HbA1c) bestimmt. Es zeigten sich keine einfachen
Zusammenhänge zwischen der maximalen Belastungszeit beim Ausdauertest
mit den Outcomes der Kognitionstests oder der iAPF. Multiple Regressionsanalysen
zeigten keinen signifikanten gemeinsamen Einfluss der Ausdauerleistung, des
Alters und des HbA1c-Wertes auf die Zielvariablen. Die Ausdauerleistung, wie in
diesem Versuchsaufbau ermittelt, scheint nicht als Prädiktor für
die kognitive Leistung bei diesem Patientenkollektiv geeignet zu sein.