bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of sodium alginate and locust bean gum on dough rheology and microstructures, and bread quality
Authors: Liu Wen‐Hui , Wang Yu‐Sheng , Wang De‐Da , Chen Hai‐Hua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesStrengthening effects of sodium alginate (AG, anionic gum) and locust bean gum (LBG, neutral gum) on dough's network structures were investigated.FindingsAmong all samples, dough containing 0.6% AG showed the longest development and stability time, which was longer than that containing 0.6% LBG by 7.8% and 15.5%, respectively. The relative elastic part of maximum creep compliance (36.26%–59.13%), zero‐shear viscosity (3.69–6.35 × 106 Pa s), elasticity index (0.17–0.44 nm−2), and macroscopic viscosity index (0.14–0.39 nm−2 s) significantly increased with adding AG and LBG. Results of extensograph and dynamic rheology suggested that adding NaCl decreased the tensile energy, storage modulus, and loss modulus of dough containing AG, which might be related to the presence of electrostatic interactions between dough and AG. The bread containing 0.6% AG had a higher specific volume (3.30 ml g−1), height/width ratio (0.74), and springiness (0.93) compared with the bread containing 0.6% LBG.ConclusionsThese results showed denser gluten networks were formed in dough containing AG with electrostatic interactions than in dough containing LBG with hydrogen‐bonding interactions, indicating that electrostatic interactions had a more pronounced effect on dough's network structures than hydrogen‐bonding interactions.Significance and NoveltyThis investigation could provide useful information for the potential application of AG in the development of whole wheat bread.
Bilateral proximal deep vein thrombosis and COVID‐19 in a patient with absence of inferior vena cava: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Jenab Yaser , Ghafouri Parham , Hosseini Kaveh , Shirani Shapour , Shirzad Mahmood 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBilateral proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities of young patients should raise suspicion over pro‐thrombotic conditions and venous anatomical abnormalities, even in the presence of other precipitating factors, such as viral infection. The authors present a 33‐year‐old man with bilateral DVT and absence of inferior vena cava (AIVC), who also had concurrent COVID‐19, and discuss the management of this patient.
General Design Strategy of Anti‐aromatic Porphyrinoids
Authors: Zhan Xiaoning , Jin Yucheng , Qi Dongdong , Sun Tingting , Jiang Jianzhuang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA systematic investigation to arrange the typical anti‐aromatic porphyrinoids in sequence was performed. Based on density functional theory calculations, six rules are summarized to obtain the high‐performance anti‐aromatic porphyrinoids: (1) when two atoms are deleted/added on the 18π electron current ring flowing pipe, we will immediately obtain a 16π/20π electron anti‐aromatic system; (2) it is a good idea to increase the number of pyrrole/thiophen/furan units on the π‐electron current ring flowing pipe; (3) the heteroatom selecting order is −O− (optimal choice), −NH− (second choice), and −S− (last choice); (4) it is worth noting that the C−C=C−C unit is not beneficial for the anti‐aromatic properties; (5) it is very significant to avoid the crowded environment in the core space of an anti‐aromatic molecule. In this view, −O− is much better than −S− and −NH−; (6) the “circular” skeleton is much better than an “ellipse‐like”, “rectangular”, or “parallelogram‐like” one.
[2+3] Amide Cages by Oxidation of [2+3] Imine Cages – Revisiting Molecular Hosts for Highly Efficient Nitrate Binding
Authors: Lauer Jochen C. , Bhat Avinash S. , Barwig Chantal , Fritz Nathalie , Kirschbaum Tobias , Rominger Frank , Mastalerz Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe pollution of groundwater with nitrate is a serious issue because nitrate can cause several diseases such as methemoglobinemia or cancer. Therefore, selective removal of nitrate by efficient binding to supramolecular hosts is highly desired. Here we describe how to make [2+3] amide cages in very high to quantitative yields by applying an optimized Pinnick oxidation protocol for the conversion of corresponding imine cages. By NMR titration experiments of the eight different [2+3] amide cages with nitrate, chloride and hydrogen sulfate we identified one cage with an unprecedented high selectivity towards nitrate binding vs. chloride (S=705) or hydrogensulfate (S>13500) in CD2Cl2/CD3CN (1 : 3). NMR experiments as well as single‐crystal structure comparison of host‐guest complexes give insight into structure‐property‐relationships.
Entropy‐Induced Selectivity Switch in Gold Catalysis: Fast Access to Indolo[1,2‐a]quinolines
Authors: Heckershoff Robin , May Garrett , Däumer Janika , Eberle Lukas , Krämer Petra , Rominger Frank , Rudolph Matthias , Mulks Florian F. , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNew N‐heterocyclic compounds for organic functional materials and their efficient syntheses are highly demanded. A surprising entropy‐induced selectivity switch in the gold‐catalyzed intramolecular hydroarylation of 2‐ethynyl N‐aryl indoles was found and its exploitation led to straightforward syntheses of indolo[1,2‐a]quinolines. Experimental and computational mechanistic investigations gave insight into this uncommon selectivity phenomenon and into the special reactivity of the indolo[1,2‐a]quinolines. The high functional group tolerance of this methodology enabled access to a diverse scope with high yields. In addition, bidirectional approaches, post‐functionalization reactions, and π‐extension of the core structure were feasible. An in‐depth study of the photophysical properties explored the structure‐effect relationship for different derivatives and revealed a high potential of these compounds for future applications as functional materials.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Photophysical Properties of C‐3 Halogenated Derivatives of 2‐Phenylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine
Authors: Chen Hong , Wang Yanyan , Liu Qingjie , Guo Yanchun , Cao Shuxia , Zhao Yufen 
Published: June 2022

Comprehensive SummaryA CuX‐mediated regioselective halogenation reaction of 2‐phenylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine in the presence of oxygen is introduced in this paper. This reaction provides an effective method for the production of C‐3 halogenated 2‐phenylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines with a yield of up to 96%. A plausible mechanism for the formation of title compounds via 2‐phenylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine–CuX complex intermediate is proposed. The structure of representative compounds is established by the single crystal XRD method. The electronic structure, corroborated by Hirshfeld surface analysis and DFT calculations, rationalizes characters of relevant absorptions and emission as well as large Stokes shifts.
Leptin favors Th17/Treg cell subsets imbalance associated with allergic asthma severity
Authors: Vollmer Carolina M. , Dias Aleida S. O. , Lopes Lana M. , Kasahara Taissa M. , Delphim Letícia , Silva Júlio Cesar C. , Lourenço Lucas Paulo , Gonçalves Hilary Cesário , Linhares Ulisses C. , Gupta Sudhir , Bento Cleonice A. M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundObesity has often been associated with severe allergic asthma (AA). Here, we analyzed the frequency of different circulating CD4+T‐cell subsets from lean, overweight and obese AA patients.MethodsMononuclear cells from peripheral blood were obtained from 60 AA patients and the frequency of different CD4+T‐cell subsets and type 1 regulatory B cells (Br1) was determined by cytometry. The effect of obese‐related leptin dose on cytokine production and Treg cell function in AA‐derived CD4+ T cell cultures was evaluated by ELISA and 3H thymidine uptake, respectively. Leptin levels were quantified in the plasma by ELISA. According to the BMI, patients were stratified as lean, overweight and obese.ResultsAA severity, mainly among obese patients, was associated with an expansion of hybrid Th2/Th17 and Th17‐like cells rather than classic Th2‐like cells. On the other hand, the frequencies of Th1‐like, Br1 cells and regulatory CD4+ T‐cell subsets were lower in patients with severe AA. While percentages of the hybrid Th2/Th17 phenotype and Th17‐like cells positively correlated with leptin levels, the frequencies of regulatory CD4+ T‐cell subsets and Br1 cells negatively correlated with this adipokine. Interestingly, the obesity‐related leptin dose not only elevated Th2 and Th17 cytokine levels, but also directly reduced the Treg function in CD4+ T cell cultures from lean AA patients.ConclusionIn summary, our results indicated that obesity might increase AA severity by favoring the expansion of Th17‐like and Th2/Th17 cells and decreasing regulatory CD4+T cell subsets, being adverse effects probably mediated by leptin overproduction.
Non‐Flammable Sodium Asymmetric Imide Salt‐Based Deep Eutectic Solvent for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Chidiac Joseph , Nikiforidis Georgios , Timperman Laure , Anouti Mérièm 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study reports two deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on alkaline imide salts with asymmetric anions as functional electrolytes for supercapacitor (SC) application. The eutectic mixture of sodium (fluorosulfonyl) (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (NaFTFSI) or sodium cyano‐trifluoromethanesulfonyl imide (NaTFSICN) with ethylene carbonate (EC) delivers a non‐flammable and stable liquid. The eutectic diagrams of the electrolytes directed to an optimal composition (wsalt=0.25), hinging to that of conventional carbonate‐based electrolytes, i. e., 1 mol L−1. The volumetric properties of the DESs revealed a “stacking” effect, reflecting a strong coordination bond between the imide and EC anions without solvating the Na+ cations. The DES transport properties (i. e., viscosity, conductivity, and ionicity) and temperature variations designate a high organization, similar to ionic liquids. The DESs, when coupled with activated carbon electrodes in a two‐electrode symmetric configuration, yield specific capacities of 150 F g−1 at a normalized current density of 0.5 A g−1 (and 120 F g−1 at 2 A g−1). The SC maintained 80 % of its initial capacity beyond 100 h of floating at an operating voltage of 2.4 V and showed a 150 mV per hour potential loss under self‐discharge. The devised eutectic mixtures offer a promising new pathway for simple, safe, and effective electrolytes for SC applications.
The impact of a firm's corporate social responsibility on firm–supplier relationships: The effect of secondary stakeholder CSR on inventory days
Authors: Groening Christopher , Ngoh Cheryl‐lyn , Luchs Ryan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWell‐known benefits of corporate social responsibility (CSR) are goodwill and trust. Typically, research states that if a firm engages in CSR activities that benefit stakeholder X, then stakeholder X will reciprocate with higher levels of trust. We advance this line of research by examining whether CSR activities directed to stakeholder X increase the levels of trust between the firm and a different stakeholder, Y. Specifically, we examine the consequences of CSR actions that a firm directs toward non‐supplier stakeholders on the firm‐supplier relationship. We argue that a firm's secondary stakeholder CSR (e.g., community and environment) creates trust and goodwill with third parties (i.e., suppliers) that manifests in reduced inventory days. We use a data set comprising 27,551 firm‐year observations and find that secondary CSR is associated with decreased inventory days in more complex (more heterogenous and competitive), munificent (growing), dynamic (unpredictable), and socially irresponsible (e.g., gambling and tobacco) business environments.
Ultrafast Simultaneous and Selective Depolymerization of Heterogeneous Streams of Polyethylene Terephthalate and Polycarbonate: Towards Industrially Feasible Chemical Recycling
Authors: Rubio Arias Jose Jonathan , Barnard Elaine , Thielemans Wim 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMixed plastic waste‐streams are a main obstacle to a more extensive implementation of polymer recycling. Separating mixed‐plastic waste streams demands time and effort at collection or in the recycling plant, while many products consist of multiple polymers that cannot be readily separated. Chemical recycling could provide the key to overcome this issue by targeting specific chemical bonds, enabling selective depolymerization of a single polymer class in a mixture. This work explores the depolymerization of polycarbonate (PC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in separate and in mixed streams. Selective depolymerization of mixed streams composed of PET and PC and one‐step separation of their constituent monomers are carried out with outstanding energy efficiency through an inexpensive KOH‐in‐methanol hydrolysis (KMH) process developed for instantaneous PET hydrolysis. The activation energies for depolymerization of PC and PET pellets are 68.6 and 131.4 kJ mol−1, respectively. Randomly mixed streams are fully depolymerized within 2 min at 120 °C using 30 mL of depolymerization solution per gram of polymer. The separation of bisphenol A and terephthalic acid is demonstrated in a one‐step separation process, yielding 98 and 97 % purity without any secondary reactions detected. Simultaneous depolymerization and selective one‐step separation of monomers are also demonstrated for a PET/PC polymer blend prepared by solution casting, showing that this process also works for intimately mixed PET/PC mixtures.
Study of a novel soft‐switched Vienna rectifier using simple active technique
Authors: Ali Abdar , Chuanwen Jiang , Chen Wang , Habib Salman , Khan Muhammad Mansoor 
Published: June 2022

SummaryIn recent years, efficient power transfer is getting increasing attention in high‐power conversion systems such as fast battery charger systems primarily necessitate an energy efficient, compact, and reliable power electronic converter scheme. This has stirred vigorous research in high‐power converter‐based power electronic systems which are feasible in actual practice and perform efficiently. In view of this fact, a novel soft‐switched T‐type boost rectifier Vienna topology is proposed, which can be considered as a potential candidate in high‐power conversion systems. The proposed converter scheme operates at high‐switching frequency with soft‐switching conditions by employing a simple active snubber circuit, which results in high‐efficiency and high‐power density with low cost. The low components count, simple power and control circuitry, comparable stresses, and performance are the distinctive features of the proposed converter scheme. Furthermore, the proposed topology achieves high‐switching operation while reducing reverse recovery rectifier diode losses and semiconductor losses. The proposed converter scheme's construction, operating principle, and practical implementation are carried out using a low‐scale laboratory prototype. In order to evaluate, a comparison with existing soft‐switched rectifier topologies is performed in terms of components count. In addition, a MATLAB/Simulink designed subsystem is used to assess the semiconductor devices switching power losses in comparison to its hard‐switched counterpart.
Microbial EPS‐mediated amorphous calcium carbonate–monohydrocalcite–calcite transformations during early tufa deposition
Authors: Broughton Paul L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Holocene Wolfenden tufa deposit in south‐eastern British Columbia, western Canada, preserves a unique record of the earliest stages of calcium carbonate deposition resulting from microbial extracellular polymeric substances‐mediated precipitation of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) with partial transformation to monohydrocalcite (MHC) and subsequently to nanocrystalline calcite. This is the first documentation of tufa mineralogy involving ACC transformation to MHC. Progressive dehydration triggered ACC–MHC–nanocrystalline calcite transformations on bryophytes, algae and cyanobacteria sheaths. The adsorption of extracellular polymeric substances matrix molecules into the ACC and ACC–MHC structures preserved polymorph mineralogy of incomplete transformation. Unusual concentrations of biofilm extracellular polymeric substances filaments provided nucleation sites for the ACC precipitation. The ACC nucleation calcified extracellular polymeric substances filaments and resulted in partially coalesced arrays of nanoscale ACC spheroids. Mesocrystalline structures of MHC reconfigured the concentric growth layers of ACC precipitate with bulbous ACC–MHC protuberances. Nanocrystalline rhombic faces of calcite developed within and on the surfaces of the ACC–MHC protuberances. Dehydration of these concentric growth layers of ACC–MHC resulted in the transformation into nanocrystalline calcite with substrates coalesced into micrite fabrics. Recrystallisation obliterated evidence of the calcified extracellular polymeric substances filaments and resulted in microcrystalline calcite spar domains as the widespread encrustation fabric. Localised magnesium adsorption during nucleation of the ACC within the biofilms resulted in needle calcite crystals without the precursor ACC–MHC transformation process. Microbial extracellular polymeric substances‐mediated precipitation of ACC as a necessarily critical step in the earliest phase of the tufa deposition process, leading to the nucleation of calcite has been underappreciated and generally not considered. These earliest stages of calcium carbonate precipitation are proposed as a possible template for other tufa deposits, where the evidence of microbial extracellular polymeric substances‐mediated precipitation of ACC with transformation to MHC and subsequently to nanocrystalline calcite has been obscured by recrystallisation into micrite and spar fabrics.
Nectar robbing rather than pollinator availability constrains reproduction of a bee‐flowered plant at high elevations
Authors: Kohl Patrick L. , Steffan‐Dewenter Ingolf 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAbiotic factors are generally assumed to determine whether species can exist at the extreme ends of environmental gradients, for example, at high elevations, whereas the role of biotic interactions is less clear. On temperate mountains, insect‐pollinated plant species with bilaterally symmetrical flowers exhibit a parallel elevational decline in species richness and abundance with bees. This suggests that the lack of mutualistic interaction partners sets the elevational range limits of plants via a reduction in reproductive success. We used the bee‐pollinated mountain plant Clinopodium alpinum (Lamiaceae), which blooms along a continuous 1000‐m elevational gradient and has bilaterally symmetrical flowers, as a model to test the predicted parallel elevational decline in flower visitation and seed production. Although the community of flower visitors changed with elevation, the flower visitation rate by the most frequent visitors, bumble bees (33.8% of legitimate visits), and the overall rate of flower visitation by potential pollinators did not vary significantly with elevation. However, we discovered that nectar robbing by bumble bees and nectar theft by ants, two interactions with potentially negative effects on flowers, sharply increased with elevation. Seed set depended on pollinators across elevations and followed a weak hump‐shaped pattern, peaking at mid‐elevations and decreasing by about 20% toward both elevational range edges. Considering the mid‐ and high elevations, elevational variation in seed production could not be explained by legitimate bee visitation rates but was inversely correlated with the frequency of nectar robbing. Our observations challenge the hypothesis that a decrease in the availability of pollinators limits seed production of bee‐flowered plants at high elevations but suggest that an increase in negative interactions (nectar robbing and larceny) constrains reproductive success.
On‐capillary fluorescent labeling of saccharides for capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Čokrtová Kateřina , Mareš Vít , Křížek Tomáš 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe feasibility of on‐capillary derivatization of saccharides by aromatic amine‐based fluorescent labeling agents was tested. To avoid the problematic evolution of gaseous hydrogen cyanide, the Schiff base reduction by sodium cyanoborohydride, as the second step of the standard reductive amination protocol, was omitted. Glucose was used as a model analyte and 7‐amino‐1,3‐naphthalenedisulfonic acid as the labeling agent. Our experiments showed that the direct reaction of the saccharide with the labeling agent in 2.5‐M acetic acid yields a labeled product that is sufficiently stable to be separated from the labeling agent in 20‐mM phosphate buffer, pH 3.5, and detected using UV detection. The glucose and label zones were introduced separately into the capillary and mixed using a negative voltage. Mixing voltage, its duration, the concentration of acetic acid in the reaction zone, and the waiting time between mixing and separation were optimized. To show the applicability of the procedure to a broader range of analytes, a mixture of different types of saccharides, that is, xylose (pentose), fucose (hexose), glucose (hexose), N‐acetylglucosamine (N‐acetylaminosaccharide), and lactose (disaccharide), was subjected to derivatization and analysis under the optimal conditions. The linearity and repeatability of the process were evaluated as critical parameters for its analytical applications. Six‐point calibration dependences in the 1–50 mM range showed excellent determination coefficients of 0.9992 or higher for all five saccharides tested. The repeatability of the labeled saccharide peak areas was between 2.2% and 4.3%.
Contrasting beach‐ridge systems in different types of coastal settings
Authors: Isla Manuel F. , Moyano‐Paz Damián , FitzGerald Duncan M. , Simontacchi Lautaro , Veiga Gonzalo D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBeach‐ridge systems are geomorphological features common in every type of coast and have been widely interpreted as geo‐archives of past sea‐level, climatic, or tectonic changes. These relict morphological elements are well‐known by their facies, architecture, stratigraphy, and evolution. However, the coastal context where beach ridges are formed has never been evaluated. Coastal beach‐ridge systems were classified into four main types corresponding to deltaic strandplains, non‐deltaic strandplains, spits, and barrier islands. Our study consisted of three scales of analysis: (1) the entire beach‐ridge system; (2) beach‐ridge sets; and (3) individual beach ridges.Several beach‐ridge systems having formed in different types of coastal settings are compared by their present characteristics. Geomorphic data generated from processing and interpreting satellite images combined with previous studies are used to quantify multi‐scale attributes of beach‐ridge systems. These attributes include the area, length, width, number of sets, number of ridges per set, set rotation, ridge spacing, and ridge elevation. Our findings demonstrate that significant differences define beach‐ridge systems including deltaic strandplains, large non‐deltaic strandplains, small non‐deltaic strandplains, large spits (cuspate forelands), small spits (flying spits, bay‐mouth spits and tombolos) and barrier islands. A more comprehensive characterization of the factors controlling beach‐ridge variability will improve our ability to recognize the sedimentary record of ancient of these systems. The proposed basic platform can be used to isolated different beach‐ridge types and systems to facilitate future process and morphodynamic studies.