bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term effects of evolocumab in participants with HIV and dyslipidemia: results from the open-label extension period
Authors: Boccara Franck , Caramelli Bruno , Calmy Alexandra , Kumar Princy , López J. Antonio G. , Bray Sarah , Cyrille Marcoli , Rosenson Robert S. 
Published: January 2022

Objectives:
People with HIV (PWH) are at an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Suboptimal responses to statin therapy in PWH may result from antiretroviral therapies (ARTs). This open-label extension study aimed to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of evolocumab up to 52 weeks in PWH.

Design:
This final analysis of a multinational, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized phase 3 trial evaluated the effect of monthly subcutaneous evolocumab 420 mg on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) during the open-label period (OLP) following 24 weeks of double-blind period in PWH with hypercholesterolemia/mixed dyslipidemia. All participants enrolled had elevated LDL-C or nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and were on stable maximally tolerated statin and stable ART.

Methods:
Efficacy was assessed by percentage change from baseline in LDL–C, triglycerides, and atherogenic lipoproteins. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were examined.

Results:
Of the 467 participants randomized in the double-blind period, 451 (96.6%) received at least one dose of evolocumab during the OLP (mean age of 56.4 years, 82.5% male, mean duration with HIV of 17.4 years). By the end of the 52-week OLP, the overall mean (SD) percentage change in LDL-C from baseline was −57.8% (22.8%). Evolocumab also reduced triglycerides, atherogenic lipid parameters (non-HDL-C, apolipoprotein B, total cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipoprotein[a]), and increased HDL-C. TEAEs were similar between placebo and evolocumab during the OLP.

Conclusion:
Long-term administration of evolocumab lowered LDL-C and non-HDL-C, allowing more PWH to achieve recommended lipid goals with no serious adverse events.

Trail Registration:
NCT02833844

Video abstract:

http://links.lww.com/QAD/C441
Estimation of Contrast Agent Concentration in DCE-MRI Using 2 Flip Angles
Authors: Bharadwaj Das Ayesha , Tranos James Andrew , Zhang Jin , Zaim Wadghiri Youssef , Kim Sungheon Gene 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using 2 flip angles (FAs) with an ultrashort echo time during dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for estimation of plasma gadolinium (Gd) concentration without using a precontrast longitudinal relaxation time T1
(T10
) measurement.

Methods

T1
-weighted DCE-MRI experiments were carried out with C57BL/6J mice using the scan protocol with 2 FAs over 3 sequential segments during 1 scan. The data with 2 FAs were used to estimate T10
(T1T
) during conversion of a time-intensity curve to the time-concentration curve. Three dosages of gadolinium-based contrast agent were used to achieve a wide range of variability in Gd concentrations when measured at 10 minutes postinjection: 0.05 mmol/kg (n = 6), 0.1 mmol/kg (n = 11), and 0.15 mmol/kg (n = 7). For comparison, the signal-to-concentration conversion was also conducted using the T10
measured from the precontrast scan (T1M
) as well as a constant T10
(2.1 seconds) from the literature (T1C
). The Gd concentrations ([Gd]) estimated using DCE-MRI data for the time of retro-orbital blood collection ([Gd]
T1T
, [Gd]
T1M
, and [Gd]
T1C
, respectively) were compared against the [Gd] of the blood samples measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ([Gd]
MS
). In addition, contrast kinetic model analysis was conducted on mice with GL261 brain tumors (n = 5) using the 3 different methods for T10
.

Results

T1T
strongly correlated with T1M
(r = 0.81). [Gd]
T1M
and [Gd]
T1T
were significantly different from [Gd]
T1C
. [Gd]
T1M
and [Gd]
T1T
were in good agreement with [Gd]
MS
with strong correlations (mean percentage error ± standard deviation) of r = 0.70 (16% ± 56%) and r = 0.85 (15% ± 44%), respectively. In contrast, [Gd]
T1C
had a weak correlation of r = 0.52 with larger errors of 33% ± 24%. The contrast kinetic model parameters of GL261 brain tumors using T1T
were not significantly different from those using T1M
.

Conclusions
This study substantiates the feasibility of using the 2-FA approach during DCE-MRI scan to estimate [Gd] in the plasma without using an extra scan to perform precontrast T1
measurements.
Photon-Counting Detector CT-Based Vascular Calcium Removal Algorithm
Authors: Allmendinger Thomas , Nowak Tristan , Flohr Thomas , Klotz Ernst , Hagenauer Junia , Alkadhi Hatem , Schmidt Bernhard 
Published: January 2022

Objectives
The diagnostic performance of coronary computed tomography angiography is known to be negatively affected by the presence of severely calcified plaques in the coronary arteries. In this article, the performance of a novel image reconstruction algorithm (PureLumen) based on spectral CT data of a first-generation dual-source photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) system was assessed in a phantom study. PureLumen tries to remove only the calcified contributions from the image while leaving the rest unmodified.

Materials and Methods
The study uses 2 iodine contrast filled vessel phantoms (diameter 4 mm) filled with different concentrations of iodine and equipped with calcified stenosis inserts. Each phantom features 2 separate calcified lesions of 25% and 50% percentage diameter stenosis (PDS) size. The vessel phantoms were mounted inside an anthropomorphic thorax phantom attached to an artificial motion device, simulating realistic cardiac motion at heart rates between 50 beats per minute and 100 beats per minute. Acquisitions were performed using a prospectively electrocardiogram triggered dual-source sequence mode on a PCD-CT system (NAEOTOM Alpha, Siemens Healthineers). Images were reconstructed at 80% of the RR interval with virtual monoenergetic images (Mono) and with additional calcium-removal (PureLumen), both at 65 keV. PureLumen is based on a spectral base material decomposition into iodine and calcium, which aims to reconstruct images without calcium contributions, while leaving all other material contribution unchanged. Stenosis grade was assessed individually for each vessel insert in all reconstructed image series by 2 readers.

Results
The measured median PDS values for the 50% lesion were 56.0% (52.0%, 57.0%) for the Mono case and 50.0% (48.5%, 51.0%) for PureLumen. The 25% lesion median PDS values were 36.0% (29.5%, 39.5%) for Mono and 31.5% (30.5%, 34.0%) for PureLumen. Both lesion sizes demonstrate a significant difference between Mono and PureLumen in their result (P < 0.05) with PureLumen median values being closer to the actual true stenosis size for the 50% and 25% lesion. A visual assessment of the image quality depending on the heart rate yielded good image quality up to a heart rate of 80 beats per minute in the PureLumen case.

Conclusions
This phantom study shows that a novel calcium-removal image reconstruction algorithm (PureLumen) using a first-generation dual-source PCD-CT effectively decreases blooming artifacts caused by heavily calcified plaques and improves image interpretability. It also shows that PureLumen retains its performance in the presence of motion with simulated heart rates up to 80 beats per minute. Future in vivo clinical studies are needed to confirm the benefits of this type of reconstruction in terms of coronary computed tomography angiography quality and accuracy.
Intravenous Tumor Thrombus From Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid Demonstrated by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Wang Yu , Jiang Lisha , Zhang Xinyue , Xu Yangmengyuan , Liu Bin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A 24-year-old man with papillary thyroid carcinoma underwent 131I ablation after thyroidectomy. On posttherapy whole-body scintigraphy, only the remnant thyroid was visualized. In view of elevated unstimulated thyroglobulin level 7 months after 131I ablation, 18F-FDG PET/CT scan was ordered for further evaluation. On PET/CT images, a large filling defect from the dilated left brachiocephalic vein to superior vena cava was noted corresponding with high FDG uptake. It was considered as a malignant thrombus.
Increased Accumulation of 18F-FDG Incidentally Observed in Hyperacute Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Sotome Wataru , Ito Yoshiaki , Higuchi Nobuya , Asami Yuta , Satomi Nao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A 75-year-old man with lung cancer undertook an 18F-FDG PET/CT for staging. He presented neurological symptoms immediately after the 30-minute scan. An emergent MRI study revealed hyperacute cerebral infarction with occlusion of a left MCA branch. At PET/CT, an increased 18F-FDG uptake was observed in the corresponding areas of infarction. In literature, acceleration of compensatory anaerobic glycolysis has been proposed as 1 of the causes of increased uptake in the penumbra of acute cerebral infarction, and a similar process was hypothesized in this case. In addition, a decreased 18F-FDG uptake in the ipsilateral thalamus was noted on the PET/CT images.
Foreign Body Granuloma Masquerading as Remnant Lymphoma on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Zhang Wenjie , Sun Hongbao , Shen Guohua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A 54-year-old man complained of a growing nodule in the left upper arm, which was diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by postsurgical pathology. For baseline assessment, FDG PET/CT revealed intense uptake in the left upper arm, in addition to FDG-avid pleura lesions and regional, axillary, cervical, and mediastinal lymph nodes. After chemotherapy, the restaging scan showed complete remission of most involved lesions except for increased activity in the prior surgical site. The patient eventually underwent surgical resection again, and the diagnosis was confirmed as foreign body granuloma.
Osteoblastoma of the Rib Mimicking Lymphomatous Involvement on 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Tang Pan , Zhang Yifan , Tian Rong , Yang Guocai 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We present a case of rib osteoblastoma in a patient with NK/T cell lymphoma. Osteoblastoma was incidentally found in a 63-year-old man in the axillary segment of the fifth rib and was misdiagnosed as lymphomatous involvement on staging 18F-FDG PET/CT. The radiological features in the CT component of PET/CT were atypical. After surgery, the diagnosis of osteoblastoma was confirmed by histopathologic findings.
Benign Parathyroid Hyperplasia With Incidental Pulmonary Seeding on 99mTc-MIBI Scintigraphy and FDG PET/CT
Authors: Tsai Yao-Kuang , Tsai Chi-Jung , Chiu Chuang-Hsin , Ko Kai-Hsiung , Li Yao-Feng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A 50-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease presented with recurrent hyperparathyroidism after parathyroidectomy. 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy did not show MIBI-avid lesion in the neck or mediastinum but in bilateral lung fields instead. On suspicion of malignancy, 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed and depicted no significant FDG uptake throughout the whole body. After resection of the pulmonary nodules, the final histopathology revealed benign parathyroid hyperplasia with pulmonary seeding, which is exceptionally a rare entity.
An Unusual Presentation of Breast Implant Rupture
Authors: Hudson Anna , Brown Richard K. J. , Minoshima Satoshi , Dunn Dell 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A 99mTc–methylene diphosphate (MDP) bone scintigraphy scan was performed to follow up metastatic breast cancer. A circular region of radiotracer uptake in the location of the patient's left breast implant was seen. Review of the same-day chest CT and the prior CT showed that the patient's breast implant had ruptured in the interim. The 99mTc-MDP uptake in the capsule of the breast implant was attributed to rupture, likely secondary to inflammation. This is an example of an unusual presentation of breast implant rupture discovered on a 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy scan.
Incidental Uptake of 68Ga-DOTATATE Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of Duodenum
Authors: Köroğlu Gizem , Görür Gözde Dağliöz , Doğan Sevtap , Bayrak Büşra Yaprak , Demir Hakan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A 56-year-old man underwent 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT with suspicion of a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. However, in this imaging, a mass with 68Ga-DOTATATE uptake was observed not in pancreas but in the duodenojejunal junction. Abdominal tomography confirmed that the heterogeneously enhanced mass was originated from duodenum. The patient was operated, and the histopathology result was evaluated as low-risk gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Although there was low or no specific binding to gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells for all 68Ga-labeled DOTA peptides, uptake of 68Ga-DOTATATE was observed incidentally in this case.
Alterations in 18F-FDG PET/MRI and 15O-Water PET Brain Findings in Patients With Neurological Symptoms After COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Siripongsatian Dheeratama , Kunawudhi Anchisa , Promteangtrong Chetsadaporn , Kiatkittikul Peerapon , Jantarato Attapon , Choolam Arthita , Ponglikitmongkol Krongkamol , Siripongboonsitti Taweegrit , Kaeowirun Tharathorn , Chotipanich Chanisa 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate functional abnormalities in the brain of patients with neurological adverse effects following COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) vaccination using 18F-FDG PET/MRI and 15O-water PET.

Methods
Eight patients (1 man and 7 women, aged 26–47 years [median age, 36.5 years]) who experienced neurological symptoms after the first COVID-19 vaccination underwent CT, MRI, 18F-FDG PET/MRI, and 15O-water PET of the brain. After 7 days, each patient underwent a follow-up 18F-FDG PET/MRI and 15O-water PET of the brain. Imaging data were analyzed using visual and semiquantitative analyses, which included a cluster subtraction workflow (P = 0.05).

Results
There was no evidence of vascular abnormalities, acute infarction, or hemorrhage on the CT or MRI scans. On the 15O-water PET images, 1 patient had mildly significant decreases in perfusion in the bilateral thalamus and bilateral cerebellum, and another patient showed a diffuse increase in perfusion in the cerebral white matter. The visual and semiquantitative analyses showed hypometabolism in the bilateral parietal lobes in all 8 patients on both the first and follow-up 18F-FDG PET/MRI scans. Metabolic changes in the bilateral cuneus were also observed during the first visit; all patients exhibited neurological symptoms. Moreover, 6 patients showed hypometabolism, and 2 patients showed hypermetabolism.

Conclusion
All regions of metabolic abnormality were part of the fear network model that has been implicated in anxiety. Our study findings support the concepts of and provide evidence for the immunization stress-related response and the biopsychosocial model.
Effect of Cognitive Behavior Oriented Psychological Intervention on the Psychological Status of Depressed Facial Acne Scar Patients Undergoing Fractional Photothermolysis
Authors: Peng Yi , Bai Zhuanli , Guo Yuan , Hui Jie , Wang Juan , Ma Yanmei , Li Yang 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
To explore the effect of cognitive behavior oriented psychological intervention on the psychological status of depressed facial acne scar patients receiving fractional photothermolysis.

Methods:
The study enrolled 48 depressed facial acne scar patients who received treatment at our hospital between May 2018 and May 2021. They were randomized to the control group and the fractional photothermolysis group with 24 patients in each group using the random number table method. They received nursing intervention and cognitive behavior-oriented psychological intervention, respectively.

Results:
The Hamilton Anxiety and Hamilton Depression scores were lower after intervention than before intervention in both groups,and the fractional photothermolysis group had lower Hamilton Anxiety and Hamilton Depression scores than the control group (P < 0.05). The interpersonal sensitivity had hostility and phobic anxiety scores were lower after 12 weeks of treatment than before intervention in both groups, and the fractional photothermolysis group had lower interpersonal sensitivity hostility and phobic anxiety scores than the control group (P < 0.05). The H, M, V, and P scores after 12 weeks of intervention were both lower in the 2 groups than those before intervention. The humanistic care quality of service nursing care and health education scores were lower after intervention before intervention in both groups and the fractional photothermolysis group had significantly lower humanistic care quality of service nursing care and health education scores than the control group (P< 0.05).

Conclusions:
Cognitive behavior-oriented psychological intervention can effectively improve the psychological status and psychological health of depressed facial acne scar patients receiving fractional photothermolysis.
Perceived Versus Verified Cancer History and Missed Opportunities for Donation in an Australian Cohort of Potential Deceased Solid Organ Donors
Authors: Hedley James A. , Kelly Patrick J. , Waller Karen M.J. , Thomson Imogen K. , De La Mata Nicole L. , Rosales Brenda M. , Wyburn Kate , Webster Angela C. 
Published: January 2022

Background.
There is an imperative to maximize donation opportunities given ongoing organ shortages, but donor suitability assessments can be challenging.

Methods.
We analyzed an Australian cohort of potential deceased donors 2010 to 2013 to explore misclassification of cancer risk and potential strategies for improvement (decision support, real-time data linkage to existing data sets, and increasing risk tolerance). Cancer history perceived at referral was compared with verified cancer history in linked health records. Transmission risks were based on clinical guidelines. Potential donors declined due to cancer but verified low risk were missed opportunities; those accepted but verified high risk were excess-risk donors.

Results.
Among 472 potentially suitable donor referrals, 132 (28%) were declined because of perceived transmission risk and 340 (72%) donated. Assuming a low-risk threshold, there were 38/132 (29%) missed opportunities and 5/340 (1%) excess-risk donors. With decision support, there would have been 5 (13%) fewer missed opportunities and 2 (40%) more excess-risk donors; with real-time data linkage, 6 (16%) fewer missed opportunities and 2 (40%) fewer excess-risk donors; and with increased risk tolerance, 6 (16%) fewer missed opportunities and 11 (220%) more excess-risk donors.

Conclusions.
Potential donors’ cancer history is typically incomplete at referral. There are missed opportunities where decision support or more accurate cancer history could safely increase organ donors.
A Clinical Tool to Guide Selection and Utilization of Marginal Donor Livers With Graft Steatosis in Liver Transplantation
Authors: Steggerda Justin A. , Borja-Cacho Daniel , Brennan Todd V. , Todo Tsuyoshi , Nissen Nicholas N. , Bloom Matthew B. , Klein Andrew S. , Kim Irene K. 
Published: January 2022

Background.
Donor liver biopsy (DLBx) in liver transplantation provides information on allograft quality; however, predicting outcomes from these allografts remains difficult.

Methods.
Between 2006 and 2015, 16 691 transplants with DLBx were identified from the Standard Transplant Analysis and Research database. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses identified donor and recipient characteristics associated with 30-d, 90-d, 1-y, and 3-y graft survival. A composite model, the Liver Transplant After Biopsy (LTAB) score, was created. The Mini-LTAB was then derived consisting of only donor age, macrosteatosis on DLBx, recipient model for end-stage liver disease score, and cold ischemic time. Risk groups were identified for each score and graft survival was evaluated. P values <0.05 were considered significant.

Results.
The LTAB model used 14 variables and 5 risk groups and identified low-, mild-, moderate-, high-, and severe-risk groups. Compared with moderate-risk recipients, severe-risk recipients had increased risk of graft loss at 30 d (hazard ratio, 3.270; 95% confidence interval, 2.568-4.120) and at 1 y (2.258; 1.928-2.544). The Mini-LTAB model identified low-, moderate-, and high-risk groups. Graft survival in Mini-LTAB high-risk transplants was significantly lower than moderate- or low-risk transplants at all time points.

Conclusions.
The LTAB and Mini-LTAB scores represent guiding principles and provide clinically useful tools for the successful selection and utilization of marginal allografts in liver transplantation.
Solid Organ Transplantation From SARS-CoV-2–infected Donors to Uninfected Recipients: A Single-center Experience
Authors: Jayasekera Channa R. , Vikram Holenarasipur R. , Rifat Zeeshan , Wagler Josiah , Okubo Keita , Braaksma Brandon R. , Harbell Jack W. , Jadlowiec Caroline C. , Katariya Nitin N. , Mathur Amit K. , Moss Adyr , Reddy K. Sudhakar , Singer Andrew , Orenstein Robert , Saling Christopher F. , Seville Maria T. , Mour Girish K. , Vargas Hugo E. , Byrne Thomas J. , Hewitt Winston R. , Aqel Bashar A. 
Published: January 2022

Background.
The risk of donor-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in solid organ (heart, lung, liver, kidney, pancreas, and intestine) transplant recipients is poorly understood. Since hematogenous transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has not been documented to date, nonlung solid organs might be suitable for transplantation since they likely portend a low risk of viral transmission.

Methods.
Abdominal solid organs from SARS-CoV-2–infected donors were transplanted into uninfected recipients.

Results.
Between April 18, 2021, and October 30, 2021, we performed transplants of 2 livers, 1 simultaneous liver and kidney, 1 kidney, and 1 simultaneous kidney and pancreas from SARS-CoV-2–infected donors into 5 uninfected recipients. None of the recipients developed SARS-CoV-2 infection or coronavirus disease 2019, and when tested, allograft biopsies showed no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA.

Conclusions.
Transplanting nonlung organs from SARS-CoV-2–infected donors into uninfected recipients demonstrated no evidence of virus transmission.