bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re-evaluating paraganglioma surgery – towards optimising patient care
Authors: Perry Helen , Rees Aled , Scott-Coombes David , Stechman Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Phaeochromocytomas (PCC) and paragangliomas (PGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumours of chromaffin cells that secrete catecholamines. The understanding of their aetiology and management is evolving. This study aimed to examine aspects in the management of PCC and PGL over the last decade.

Methods
Patients undergoing surgery for PCC/PGL over an eleven-year period were studied using a prospectively maintained database and electronic hospital clinical portal. Appropriate statistics were then employed.

Results
Sixty-nine patients underwent surgery (35 female, median age 52 years (12–82) to treat 57 PCC (inc. 2 bilateral) and 14 PGLs (inc. 2 recurrences). Although PCC and PGL patients were matched for gender and tumour-size, those with PGL were younger (median 40 (12–75) versus 54 (23–82), p = 0.044). PGL patients were also more likely to have a genetic abnormality identified (58.3% versus 16.1%, p = 0.002) and to have a malignant tumour (38.5% vs 6.8%, p = 0.002). Peri-operative blockade regimes were similar, but PGLs more frequently had an open procedure (42.9% vs 5.3% p&lt;0.001). However, when laparoscopic surgery was undertaken, the conversion rate was not significantly different (PGL: 7.1%, PCC 5.2% p = 0.785). Distant and local recurrences were more common in the paraganglioma group (PGL: 25.0%, PCC 1.8%, p=0.002).

Conclusions
PGLs represent an even rarer subset of an already rare tumour-type. Access to multi-disciplinary specialists and appropriate decision-making are critical. High incidence of inherited disease, increased malignancy and recurrence rates along with the increased operative complexity favour greater use of open surgery and specialised follow-up to ascertain recurrence, as well as access to high quality genetic counselling services.
The putative oncogenic role of WDTC1 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Cai Qiuyin , Ping Jie , Diaz-Zabala Hector , Xia Yumin , Guo Xingyi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Microsatellite instability (MSI) is detected in approximately 15% of colorectal cancers (CRCs). WD40 and tetratricopeptide repeats 1 (WDTC1) is frequently mutated in MSI CRC, indicating that it may contribute to CRC development. However, the functional evidence of the role of WDTC1 in CRC development remains unknown. Herein, we conducted in vitro assays to examine the function of WDTC1 using knockdown experiments in three CRC cell lines, SW480, CACO2, and LoVo. We provided strong evidence that silencing WDTC1 significantly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion consistently in all three CRC cell lines. To evaluate the potential role of WDTC1 in regulating CRC-related genes, we conducted RNA sequencing after 24 and 48 h in SW480 cells after treating WDTC1-siRNA and its vehicle control cells. Differential gene expression analysis identified 44 (42 downregulated and 2 upregulated) and 16 (all downregulated) genes, at time points of 24 and 48 h, respectively, whereas 15 downregulated genes were commonly detected at both time points. The ingenuity pathways analysis suggested that the most significant enrichments associated with cancer function and upstream regulator ATM/ATR were observed for these commonly observed genes. We further verified differential gene expression of eight cancer-related genes, ARHGEF12, GSTP1, FNDC3A, TMTC3, RTN4, RRM2, UHMK1, and PTPRF, using RT-PCR in all three cell lines. Our findings provided additional insight into the oncogenic role of WDTC1 in CRC development.
Post-vaccination analysis of anti-spike antibody responses in kidney transplant recipients with and without COVID-19 infection in a tertiary care centre, India
Authors: Jasuja Sanjiv , Jha Vivekanand , Sagar Gaurav , Bahl Anupam , Verma Shalini , Jasuja Neharita , Kaur Jasmeet 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
To investigate the anti-spike antibody response to vaccination in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) previously infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as compared with KTRs with no history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from India.

Methods
SARS-CoV-2 spike immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody response was measured in 105 post-COVID-19 KTRs with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who received either no vaccination (cohort 1), a single dose (cohort 2) or two doses (cohort 3) of vaccine and compared with 103 two-dose vaccinated COVID-19-naïve KTRs with no history of COVID-19 (cohort 4).

Results
Out of 103 COVID-19-naïve two-dose vaccinated KTRs, &lt;50% became seropositive with anti-spike antibody titres &gt;50 arbitrary unit/mL subsequent to complete vaccination, the seroconversion rate being comparable in subjects receiving CovishieldTM versus CovaxinTM vaccines. However, the seropositive KTRs vaccinated with CovishieldTM had higher anti-spike antibody titres as compared with those who received CovaxinTM. We observed higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody levels in post-COVID-19 KTRs after one dose of vaccine as compared with COVID-19-naïve two-dose vaccinated KTRs. Importantly, the second dose in post-COVID-19 KTRs did not significantly increase anti-spike antibody levels compared with the single-dose recipients.

Conclusions
Our data present that in KTRs with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, a single dose of vaccine (CovishieldTM) may be effective in mounting an optimal immune response. In contrast, COVID-19-naïve two-dose vaccinated KTRs respond poorly (&lt;50%) to the current recommendation of a two-dose regimen in India.
Geospatiotemporal and causal inference study of cannabis and other drugs as risk factors for female breast cancer USA 2003–2017
Authors: Reece Albert Stuart , Hulse Gary Kenneth 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is the commonest human cancer and its incidence (BC incidence, BCI) is rising worldwide. Whilst both tobacco and alcohol have been linked to BCI genotoxic cannabinoids have not been investigated. Age-adjusted state-based BCI 2003–2017 was taken from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database of the Centers for Disease Control. Drug use from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health, response rate 74.1%. Median age, median household income and ethnicity were from US census. Inverse probability weighted (ipw) multivariable regression conducted in R. In bivariate analysis BCI was shown to be significantly linked with rising cannabis exposure {β-est. = 3.93 [95% confidence interval 2.99, 4.87], P = 1.10 × 10−15}. At 8 years lag cigarettes:cannabis [β-est. = 2660 (2150.4, 3169.3), P = 4.60 × 10−22] and cannabis:alcoholism [β-est. = 7010 (5461.6, 8558.4), P = 1.80 × 10−17] were significant in ipw-panel regression. Terms including cannabidiol [CBD; β-est. = 16.16 (0.39, 31.93), P = 0.446] and cannabigerol [CBG; β-est. = 6.23 (2.06, 10.39), P = 0.0034] were significant in spatiotemporal models lagged 1:2 years, respectively. Cannabis-liberal paradigms had higher BCI [67.50 ± 0.26 v. 65.19 ± 0.21/100 000 (mean ± SEM), P = 1.87 × 10−11; β-est. = 2.31 (1.65, 2.96), P = 9.09 × 10−12]. 55/58 expected values &gt;1.25 and 13/58 &gt;100. Abortion was independently and causally significant in space–time models. Data show that exposure to cannabis and the cannabinoids Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, CBD, CBG and alcoholism fulfil quantitative causal criteria for BCI across space and time. Findings are robust to adjustment for age and several known sociodemographic, socio-economic and hormonal risk factors and establish cannabinoids as an additional risk factor class for breast carcinogenesis. BCI is higher under cannabis-liberal legal paradigms.
Global burden of rheumatic heart disease and its association with socioeconomic development status, 1990–2019
Authors: Lv Meina , Jiang Shaojun , Liao Dongshan , Lin Zhi , Chen Haiyu , Zhang Jinhua 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains an important health issue, yet global attention to RHD is diminishing. This study aimed to investigate the global burden of RHD and its relationship with socioeconomic development status.

Methods and results
Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database. Incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality numbers and rates for RHD were extracted and stratified by sex, level of socio-demographic index (SDI), country, and territory. In addition, the burden of RHD was compared across age groups. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates of RHD increased by 14.4% (11.2–17.0%) and 13.8% (11.0–16.0%), respectively. Incidence and prevalence rates showed an increasing trend in low SDI and low-middle SDI locations, while high-middle SDI and high SDI locations showed a decreasing trend. The age-standardized DALYs and mortality rates of RHD decreased by 53.1% (46.4–60.0) and 56.9% (49.8–64.7%), and this downward trend was more prominent in high-middle SDI and middle SDI locations. In addition, the age of incidence and prevalence rates were concentrated between 5–24 years and 15–49 years, predominantly in poor regions, and RHD appeared to be more common in women than in men.

Conclusion
The burden of RHD is negatively correlated with socioeconomic development status. In particular, the burden of RHD among children, adolescents, and women of childbearing age in poorer regions requires more attention. Policymakers should use the 2019 GBD data to guide cost-effective interventions and resource allocation for RHD.
The Validity and Reliability of Retrospective Measures of Childhood Socioeconomic Status in the Health and Retirement Study: Evidence From the 1940 U.S. Census
Authors: Warren John Robert , Lee Mark , Osypuk Theresa L 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Retrospective measures of childhood socioeconomic status (SES) in cohort studies of aging that first observe people late in life—such as the Health and Retirement Study (HRS)—are widely used. However, their measurement validity and reliability are unknown. We assess the reliability and validity of the HRS’s retrospective measures of parental education and childhood family finances.

Methods
We use records for 6,343 HRS sample members who were children in 1940 that have been linked to records from the complete-count 1940 U.S. Census. We assess interrater reliability by comparing (a) retrospective reports of childhood SES collected from sample members in the 1992–2018 HRS to (b) prospective measures of parallel concepts collected from HRS sample members’ parents in the 1940 Census. We assess predictive validity by comparing the results of analyses that model later-life outcomes as a function of childhood SES as measured both prospectively and retrospectively.

Results
Interrater reliabilities of retrospective measures of parental education are high; however, the same is not true of the retrospective measure of childhood family finances. Both retrospective and prospective measures of childhood SES are predictive of later-life outcomes, and with similar strengths and directions of associations for most outcomes.

Discussion
Researchers who rely on retrospective indicators of childhood SES from the HRS should be aware of their measurement properties. They are measured with error, and that error modestly attenuates estimates of their associations with later-life outcomes. However, prospective and retrospective measures of childhood SES have similar predictive validity. These findings should reassure researchers who rely on retrospective measures of childhood SES in the HRS and similarly designed surveys.
Promoting Social Connection in Dementia Caregivers: A Call for Empirical Development of Targeted Interventions
Authors: Van Orden Kimberly A , Heffner Kathi L 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Social connection is an understudied target of intervention for the health of individuals providing care for a family member with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). To guide future research, we discuss considerations for interventions to promote social connection, with a particular focus on reducing loneliness: (a) include caregiver perspectives in designing and delivering interventions; (b) adapt to stages of dementia; (c) consider caregiving demands, including the use of brief interventions; (d) specify and measure mechanisms of action and principles of interventions; (e) consider dissemination and implementation at all stages of research. With support from the National Institute on Aging for a Roybal Center for Translational Research in the Behavioral and Social Sciences of Aging, we are developing a portfolio of mechanism-informed and principle-driven behavioral interventions to promote social connection in ADRD caregivers that can be flexibly applied to meet a diverse set of needs while maximizing resources and reducing demands on caregivers.
Reformed but not converted: Paolo Sarpi, the English mission in Venice and conceptions of religious change
Authors: Davies Eloise 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Taking as its starting point the well-known English effort to ‘convert’ Venice to Protestantism in the wake of the Venetian Interdict controversy (1606–7), this article explores the ways in which early modern conceptions of conversion varied according to context. Drawing on evidence relating to Venice, England, Ireland and the Jesuit missions to China, it traces how divergent understandings of religious change shaped – and were shaped by – confessional controversy. The idea of ‘conversion’ posed particular conceptual difficulties as a description of inter-confessional transfer, and this article probes the implications of these difficulties for religious and political debate.
The Relationship Between Opioid Use and Healthcare Utilization in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sheehan Jessica L , Jacob Janson , Berinstein Elliot M , Greene-Higgs LaVana , Steiner Calen A , Berry Sameer K , Shannon Carol , Cohen-Mekelburg Shirley A , Higgins Peter D R , Berinstein Jeffrey A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Pain is commonly experienced by patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Unfortunately, pain management is a challenge in IBD care, as currently available analgesics are associated with adverse events. Our understanding of the impact of opioid use on healthcare utilization among IBD patients remains limited.

Methods
A systematic search was completed using PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus through May of 2020. The exposure of interest was any opioid medication prescribed by a healthcare provider. Outcomes included readmissions rate, hospitalization, hospital length of stay, healthcare costs, emergency department visits, outpatient visits, IBD-related surgeries, and IBD-related medication utilization. Meta-analysis was conducted on study outcomes reported in at least 4 studies using random-effects models to estimate pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
We identified 1969 articles, of which 30 met inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed an association between opioid use and longer length of stay (mean difference, 2.25 days; 95% CI, 1.29-3.22), higher likelihood of prior IBD-related surgery (RR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.32-2.25), and higher rates of biologic use (RR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.13-1.68) but no difference in 30-day readmissions (RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.86-1.61), immunomodulator use (RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.89-1.44), or corticosteroid use (RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.88-2.10) in patients with IBD. On systematic review, opioid use was associated with increased hospitalizations, healthcare costs, emergency department visits, outpatient visits, and polypharmacy.

Discussion
Opioids use among patients with IBD is associated with increased healthcare utilization. Nonopioid alternatives are needed to reduce burden on the healthcare system and improve patient outcomes.
An Example of a Singular Integral and a Weight
Authors: Honzík Petr 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sharp weighted inequalities were recently proved for several classical operators in Harmonic analysis, however for the rough singular integral the sharp result remains open. The best bound so far was found by Hytönen, Roncal and Tapiola in [2]. For $A_2$ weight, it is quadratic, meaning $\|T_\Omega f\|_{L^2_{\omega }}\leq C [\omega ]_2^2 \|f\|_{L^2_{\omega }}.$ The authors also conjectured that the best bound is linear. We provide example of $A_2$ weights $\omega _n$, test functions $f_n$ and rough singular integrals $$ \begin{align*} & T_{\Omega_n}(f)(x)=\textrm{p.v.} \int_{\mathbb R^2} |y|^{-2} \Omega_n(y/|y|)f(x-y) dy, \end{align*}$$where $\Omega _n $ is a function in $L^\infty (\mathbb S^{1})$ with norm $1$ and vanishing integral such that $$ \begin{align*} &\|T_{\Omega_n} f_n\|_{L^2_{\omega_n}}\geq C [\omega_n]_2^{3/2} \|f_n\|_{L^2_{\omega_n}}\end{align*}$$and $[\omega _n]_2\approx n,$ disproving the conjecture.
Tertiary syphilis mimicking metastatic rectal cancer
Authors: Smith Matthew J , Ong Meydene , Maqbool Abrar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Tertiary syphilis, a late-stage multi-visceral complication of the disease is characterized by its diversity of clinical manifestations. Here, we present the first documented case of tertiary syphilis that clinically and radiologically mimicked primary rectal cancer with hepatic metastasis.
Psychobiotics in diet: significance and applications of neuroactive and psychoactive microbial metabolites
Authors: Giri Rajat , Sharma Rakesh Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The brain governs psychiatric behavior of an individual by regulating certain neuroactive compounds produced within the body. These might also be produced by the microbes present in the gut, along with certain probiotic strains: the psychobiotics. A healthy diet including psychobiotics plays an important role in neurological functioning by producing a number of psychoactive compounds. Health benefits of probiotic microorganisms to the host and their psychoactive metabolites involved in the alternation of brain functioning are summarized in this article. The effect of diet on gut microbiota is highlighted, along with the possibility of probiotic bacteria as psychobiotics in the treatment or prevention of mental health–related disorders. The psychobiotic formulations seem to be a step toward precision probiotics development.
Polypharmacy, Potentially Inappropriate Medications, and Drug-Drug Interactions in Vulnerable Older Adults With Advanced Cancer Initiating Cancer Treatment
Authors: Ramsdale Erika , Mohamed Mostafa , Yu Veronica , Otto Ethan , Juba Katherine , Awad Hala , Moorthi Kiran , Plumb Sandy , Patil Amita , Vogelzang Nicholas , Dib Elie , Mohile Supriya 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Polypharmacy is prevalent in older adults starting cancer treatment and associated with potentially inappropriate medications (PIM), potential drug-drug interactions (DDI), and drug-cancer treatment interactions (DCI). For a large cohort of vulnerable older adults with advanced cancer starting treatment, we describe patterns of prescription and nonprescription medication usage, the prevalence of PIM, and the prevalence, severity, and type of DDI/DCI.

Methods
This secondary analysis used baseline data from a randomized study enrolling patients aged ≥70 years with advanced cancer starting a new systemic cancer treatment (University of Rochester Cancer Center [URCC] 13059; PI: Mohile). PIM were categorized using 2019 Beers criteria and Screening Tool of Older Persons’ Prescriptions. Potential DDI/DCI were evaluated using Lexi-Interact Online. Medication classification followed the World Health Organization Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical system. Bivariate associations were evaluated between sociodemographic and geriatric assessment (GA) measures and medication measures. Chord diagrams and network analysis were used to understand and describe DDI/DCI.

Results
Among 718 patients (mean age 77.6 years), polypharmacy (≥5 medications), excessive polypharmacy (≥10 medications), and ≥1 PIM were identified in 61.3%,14.5%, and 67.1%, respectively. Cardiovascular medications were the most prevalent (47%), and nonprescription medications accounted for 26% of total medications and 40% of PIM. One-quarter of patients had ≥1 potential major DDI not involving cancer treatment, and 5.4% had ≥1 potential major DCI. Each additional medication increased the odds of a potential major DDI and DCI by 39% and 12%, respectively. Polypharmacy and PIM are associated with multiple GA domains.

Conclusion
In a cohort of vulnerable older adults with advanced cancer starting treatment, polypharmacy, PIM, and potential DDI/DCI are very common. Nonprescription medications are frequently PIMs and/or involved in potential DDI/DCI.
Moving Publicness Forward: Merging Moulton and Merritt’s Frameworks to Examine Managed Care Organizations
Authors: Varkey Sapna 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Publicness work focuses on the unique characteristics that make an organization more, or less, public, and dates back to the late 70s. Despite the range of publicness research that exists, the characteristics explored remain largely unchanged. However, merging Merritt’s (2019) primary influences that make an organization public and Moulton’s (2009) realized publicness frameworks provides the structure necessary to explore a broader conceptualization of organizational publicness. This study pushes theory forward by considering aspects of publicness beyond political authority-specific characteristics and uses behavioral health managed care organizations (MCOs) as the tool for exploration. This work outlines propositions, offers metrics that can be used in future studies, and explores how the framework can be valuable and what it might reveal in organizational settings beyond MCOs.
Molecular Manipulations and Intestinal Stem Cell-Derived Organoids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Boye Theresa Louise , Steenholdt Casper , Jensen Kim Bak , Nielsen Ole Haagen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) involves genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and a broadly dysregulated intestinal immune response to the commensal intestinal microflora. The interface between genetic predisposition and environmental factors is reflected in the epigenetic regulation at the transcriptional level. Treatment targets now involve mucosal and histological healing, but the future might additionally include normalization of intestinal cellular functions also at the molecular level, for example comprising complete restoration of phenotypic, genotypic, and epigenetic states. Recent developments in patient-derived epithelial intestinal stem cell (ISC) organoid technologies have opened exciting new therapeutic opportunities to potentially attain molecular healing by combining stem cell therapy with molecular manipulations using (epi)drugs and/or CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Here, we are the first to discuss the possibility for phenotypic, genotypic, and epigenetic restoration via molecular manipulations and stem cell therapy in IBD from a clinical perspective.