bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) program for HIV prevention in a federally qualified health center (FQHC)
Authors: Falconi‐McCahill Antoinette , Lee Amy S. D. , Knights Jayci E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPreventing new cases of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is key to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Ending the HIV Epidemic: A Plan for America initiative. In 2012, Truvada became the first medication approved in the United States to prevent HIV infection, yet it has not seen widespread use.AimThis study aimed to allow for the incorporation of an HIV risk assessment into the primary care provider (PCP) visit and promote increased numbers of patients screened for pre‐exposure prophylaxis of HIV (PrEP).MethodsAn educational program and an electronic HIV risk assessment tool were provided to the healthcare providers in an urban federally qualified health center to decrease barriers to providing PrEP.ResultsProvider likelihood to prescribe PrEP increased among the internal medicine/family medicine (p = .0001, p = .0001) and obstetrics/gynecology providers (p = .0034, p = .0034), but there was no significant change among the pediatric providers (p = .4227, p = .1965).Linking Evidence to ActionImprovement among most providers demonstrated the success of this effort. Additional assessments and interventions are warranted among pediatric providers. Continued efforts are needed to progress to the incorporation of PrEP in the PCP visit.
El impacto de los ingresos generados por la agricultura familiar en la superación de la pobreza de los campesinos colombianos
Authors: Rodríguez Bernal Claudia Sofía , Forero Alvarez Jaime 
Published: April 2022

En este artículo se analizan las potencialidades de la agricultura familiar para generar ingresos en tres zonas que se seleccionaron por tener niveles medios y altos de pobreza, localizadas en los municipios colombianos de La Capilla (Boyacá), San Marcos y San Benito Abad-(Sucre). Se hicieron 143 estudios de caso, estadísticamente representativos por zona. Se encontró que los sistemas de producción campesinos generan un alto porcentaje de los ingresos de sus hogares que en no pocos casos llegan al 100%. Se concluye que estos sistemas productivos presentan una alta capacidad para superar la pobreza rural porque aun con severas limitaciones en el acceso a la tierra, los ingresos generados en ellos superan, en el 58% de los casos, la línea de pobreza. Se hizo una comparación entre los ingresos que arroja la aplicación de las encuestas oficiales y los obtenidos con la metodología de este estudio. El resultado es que las diferencias son enormes en favor de los segundos, lo cual comprueba las serias limitaciones de esas encuestas para captar los ingresos de los hogares rurales. Si bien el 42% de los casos analizados no supera la línea de pobreza, con sus ingresos agropecuarios, debido a que tienen muy poca tierra o a limitaciones personales (adultos mayores solos o personas discapacitadas) y a la variabilidad climática (en la Mojana sucreña), resulta que en casi todos los casos (más del 80%) la remuneración de la mano está por encima de su costo de oportunidad (el salario vigente) lo cual constata las potencialidades de los sistemas de producción campesinos para superar la pobreza.
Renta básica de ciudadanía: una aproximación desde las teorías de la justicia y el pleno empleo “voluntario”
Authors: Mora Cortes Andres Felipe 
Published: April 2022

Este artículo analiza los fundamentos éticos de una renta básica universal, individual e incondicional y su potencial transformador en el mundo del trabajo y la política social. Garantizar un derecho a la existencia como materialización de un ideal normativo de libertad real, implica superar el principio contributivo y promover una situación de pleno empleo voluntario. La conjugación de ambos aspectos podría llevar al surgimiento de un orden socio-económico que trascienda las connotaciones compensadoras de la política social contemporánea y que supere los alcances de los modelos conservadores, liberales y socialdemócratas del Estado del bienestar. El documento presenta las discusiones alrededor de la renta básica en el campo de las teorías de la justicia como distribución, analiza la idea del “trabajo como activo” y muestra los mitos que soportan la validez del principio contributivo. A lo largo de estas reflexiones, se prensentarán también las principales críticas que se le realizan a la renta básica desde perspectivas liberales, sindicales, feministas y comunistas.
VICTIMIZERS NO MORE
Authors: Espejo María Paula 
Published: April 2022

In order to grasp the obstacles faced by peacebuilding processes it is important to analyze the basics: language. The way individuals are addressed matters because it determines their agency to narrate their stories, and freely explore their identities during the conflict’s aftermath. After studying Primo Levi’s “gray zone”, the relevance of studying the interstice between victims and victimizers becomes evident. The oxymoron makes visible a need to rethink the concepts in order to overcome the obstacle it represents during post-conflict’s reintegration processes. This article attempts to contribute to the unleashing of static concepts such as “victim” and “victimizer” while in periods of transition. These, under the premise that notions should be kinetic in accordance with the transitioning process they are part of. It is found that static concepts have a dissonance with labels anchored to a violent and complex past during peacebuilding efforts. Therefore, the article frames the transitional justice context by analyzing its objectives and special mechanisms, while revising what is understood by the words “victims” and “victimizers”. The ultimate goal is to problematize the findings and contrast them with the concept of violence. Mainly, because it is violence the one that creates, and mediates the relationship between both victims and victimizers. The article is part of a three-set of theoretical exercises. This one frames context to advance in the first steps to recognize and overcome the stigma imposed on conflict’s primary actors. It is the theoretical proposal to deepen on how to make reconciliation more attainable.

Key words: Transitional justice, victims, victimizers/perpetrators, peacebuilding, violence, resentment.
Individualized Prediction of Drug Response and Rational Combination Therapy in NSCLC Using Artificial Intelligence–Enabled Studies of Acute Phosphoproteomic Changes
Authors: Coker Elizabeth A. , Stewart Adam , Ozer Bugra , Minchom Anna , Pickard Lisa , Ruddle Ruth , Carreira Suzanne , Popat Sanjay , O'Brien Mary , Raynaud Florence , de Bono Johann , Al-Lazikani Bissan , Banerji Udai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We hypothesize that the study of acute protein perturbation in signal transduction by targeted anticancer drugs can predict drug sensitivity of these agents used as single agents and rational combination therapy. We assayed dynamic changes in 52 phosphoproteins caused by an acute exposure (1 hour) to clinically relevant concentrations of seven targeted anticancer drugs in 35 non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and 16 samples of NSCLC cells isolated from pleural effusions. We studied drug sensitivities across 35 cell lines and synergy of combinations of all drugs in six cell lines (252 combinations). We developed orthogonal machine-learning approaches to predict drug response and rational combination therapy. Our methods predicted the most and least sensitive quartiles of drug sensitivity with an AUC of 0.79 and 0.78, respectively, whereas predictions based on mutations in three genes commonly known to predict response to the drug studied, for example, EGFR, PIK3CA, and KRAS, did not predict sensitivity (AUC of 0.5 across all quartiles). The machine-learning predictions of combinations that were compared with experimentally generated data showed a bias to the highest quartile of Bliss synergy scores (P = 0.0243). We confirmed feasibility of running such assays on 16 patient samples of freshly isolated NSCLC cells from pleural effusions. We have provided proof of concept for novel methods of using acute ex vivo exposure of cancer cells to targeted anticancer drugs to predict response as single agents or combinations. These approaches could complement current approaches using gene mutations/amplifications/rearrangements as biomarkers and demonstrate the utility of proteomics data to inform treatment selection in the clinic.
Does Timing of Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation Affect Prognosis in Patients With an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator? Results From the Multicenter Randomized PARTITA Trial
Authors: Della Bella Paolo , Baratto Francesca , Vergara Pasquale , Bertocchi Patrizia , Santamaria Matteo , Notarstefano Pasquale , Calò Leonardo , Orsida Daniela , Tomasi Luca , Piacenti Marcello , Sangiorgio Stefano , Pentimalli Francesco , Pruvot Etienne , De Sousa João , Sacher Frederic , Tritto Massimo , Rebellato Luca , Deneke Thomas , Romano Salvo Andrea , Nesti Martina , Gargaro Alessio , Giacopelli Daniele , Peretto Giovanni , Radinovic Andrea 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Optimal timing for catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia is an important unresolved issue. There are no randomized trials evaluating the benefit of ablation after the first implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shock.

Methods:
We conducted a 2-phase, prospective, multicenter, randomized clinical trial. Patients with ischemic or nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and primary or secondary prevention indication for ICD were enrolled in an initial observational phase until first appropriate shock (phase A). After reconsenting, patients were randomly assigned 1:1 in phase B to immediate ablation (within 2 months from shock delivery) or continuation of standard therapy. The primary end point was a composite of death from any cause or hospitalization for worsening heart failure. Amiodarone intake was not allowed except for documented atrial tachyarrhythmias. On July 23, 2021, phase B of the trial was interrupted as a result of the first interim analysis on the basis of the Bayesian adaptive design.

Results:

Of the 517 patients enrolled in phase A, 154 (30%) had ventricular tachycardia, 56 (11%) received an appropriate shock over a median follow-up of 2.4 years (interquartile range, 1.4–4.4), and 47 of 56 (84%) agreed to participate in phase B. After 24.2 (8.5–24.4) months, the primary end point occurred in 1 of 23 (4%) patients in the ablation group and 10 of 24 (42%) patients in the control group (hazard ratio, 0.11 [95% CI, 0.01–0.85];
P
=0.034). The results met the prespecified termination criterion of >99% Bayesian posterior probability of superiority of treatment over standard therapy. No deaths were observed in the ablation group versus 8 deaths (33%) in the control group (
P
=0.004); there was 1 worsening heart failure hospitalization in the ablation group (4%) versus 4 in the control group (17%;
P
=0.159). ICD shocks were less frequent in the ablation group (9%) than in the control group (42%;
P
=0.039).

Conclusions:
Ventricular tachycardia ablation after first appropriate shock was associated with a reduced risk of the combined death or worsening heart failure hospitalization end point, lower mortality, and fewer ICD shocks. These findings provide support for considering ventricular tachycardia ablation after the first ICD shock.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01547208.
Recommendations for the use of antiretroviral therapy in adults living with human immunodeficiency virus in Singapore
Authors: Choy Chiaw Yee , Wong Chen Seong , Kumar P Arun , Olszyna Dariusz Piotr , Teh Yii Ean , Chien Mei Fong Jaime , Kurup Asok , Koh Yin Ling , Ho Lai Peng , Law Hwa Lin , Chua Nathalie Grace Sy , Yong Hui Yan Joy , Archuleta Sophia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Since the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), the mortality attributable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has decreased by 80%. Newer antiretroviral agents are highly efficacious, have minimal side effects as compared to older drugs, and can be formulated as combination tablets to reduce patients’ pill burden. Despite these advances, 680,000 people worldwide died of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related illnesses in 2020. The National ART and Monitoring Recommendations by the National HIV Programme have been created to guide physicians on the prescribing of ART based on the patients’ needs. These recommendations are based on international guidelines and tailored to the local context and unique domestic considerations. We hoped that with the publication of these recommendations, the care of people living with HIV can be enhanced, bringing us closer to ending HIV in our lifetime.
The haemodynamic effects of umbilical cord milking in term infants: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Tekin Mehmet , Gokdemir Mahmut , Toprak Erzat , Silahli Musa , Energin Hasan , Gokmen Zeynel 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Umbilical cord milking (UCM) is a method that allows for postnatal placental transfusion. The benefits of UCM have been demonstrated in some studies, but knowledge about its haemodynamic effects in term infants is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the haemodynamic effects of UCM in term infants.

Methods:
In this prospective, randomised controlled study, 149 healthy term infants with a birth week of ≥37 weeks were randomly assigned to either the UCM or immediate cord clamping (ICC) group. Blinded echocardiographic evaluations were performed in all the neonates in the first 2–6 h.

Results:
Superior vena cava (SVC) flow measurements were higher in the UCM group compared to the ICC group (132.47 ± 37.0 vs. 126.62 ± 34.3 mL/kg/min), but this difference was not statistically significant. Left atrial diameter (12.23 ± 1.99 vs. 11.43 ± 1.78 mm) and left atrium-to-aorta diastolic diameter ratio (1.62 ± 0.24 vs. 1.51 ± 0.22) were significantly higher in the UCM group. There were no significant differences in other echocardiographic parameters between the two groups.

Conclusıon:
We found no significant difference in the SVC flow measurements in term infants who underwent UCM versus those who underwent ICC. This lack of significant difference in SVC flow may be explained by the mature cerebral autoregulation mechanism in term neonates.
Introducing MyPlate into nutrition teaching in the curriculum of undergraduate medical and allied health professions students in the Occupied Palestinian Territories
Authors: Natour Nihal , Al-Tell Mariam 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: MyPlate is an educational tool developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) as a replacement for an earlier approach called MyPyramid. It provides the US public with key messages on a healthy diet, but has not been studied in universities in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. Aims: We aimed to study the acceptance and utility of MyPlate in the teaching curriculum among Palestinian medical and allied health students by introducing the approach in the nutrition course which forms part of curriculum. Method: An electronic survey questionnaire was distributed via social media and university platforms to students in the schools of medicine, nursing and pharmacy at Najah University. The questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic variables, obesity, nutritional deficiencies, nutritional problems and the use of MyPlate. In addition, information about vegetable consumption and participation in physical activities was collected. Chi-square tests and Fisher’s exact tests were used to calculate differences between study groups. Results: A convenience sample of 106 students participated in the investigation. In all, 68% of the study group were women, 58.0% were medical students, 44.0% were nursing students, and the remainder were pharmacy students. In all, 89.0% of students reported knowing about MyPlate, 61% reported using MyPlate and 79.0% of website users reported that they found the use of application easy. The main reason for using the application was for calculating needed calories and planning a healthy diet. However, students reported low ability to change their lifestyle accordingly. There was no age difference between users and non-users (19.4 years ± 0.8 years versus 19.8 y ± 0.8 y) or BMI, (20.0 ± 4.6) kg/m2 versus (21.3 ± 5.8) kg/m2. MyPlate users were more physically active, but there was no differences in diet. Conclusion: MyPlate was accepted by the majority of students but follow-up is needed to improve adherence to a healthy lifestyle.
Biomechanical Cadaveric Evaluation of the Role of Medial Column Instability in Hallux Valgus Deformity
Authors: Wagner Emilio , Wagner Pablo , Pacheco Florencia , López Mario , Palma Felipe , Guzmán-Venegas Rodrigo , Berral-de la Rosa Francisco Jose 
Published: April 2022

Background: Medial column instability is a frequent finding in patients with flatfeet and hallux valgus, within others. The etiology of hallux valgus is multifactorial, and medial ray axial rotation has been mentioned as having an individual role. Our objective was to design a novel cadaveric foot model where we could re-create through progressive medial column ligament damage some components of a hallux valgus deformity. Methods: Ten fresh-frozen lower leg specimens were used, and fluorescent markers were attached in a multisegment foot model. Constant axial load and cyclic tibial rotation (to simulate foot pronation) were applied, including pull on the flexor hallucis longus tendon (FHL). We first damaged the intercuneiform (C1-C2) ligaments, second the naviculocuneiform (NC) ligaments, and third the first tarsometatarsal ligaments, leaving the plantar ligaments unharmed. Bony axial and coronal alignment was measured after each ligament damage. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: A significant increase in pronation of multiple segments was observed after sectioning the NC ligaments. Damaging the tarsometatarsal ligament generated small supination and varus changes mainly in the medial ray. No significant change was observed in axial or frontal plane alignment after damaging the C1-C2 ligaments. The FHL pull exerted a small valgus change in segments of the first ray. Discussion: In this biomechanical cadaveric model, the naviculocuneiform joint was the most important one responsible for pronation of the medial column. Bone pronation occurs along the whole medial column, not isolated to a certain joint. Flexor hallucis longus pull appears to play some role in frontal plane alignment, but not in bone rotation. This model will be of great help to further study medial column instability as one of the factors influencing medial column pronation and its relevance in pathologies like hallux valgus. Clinical Relevance: This cadaveric model suggests a possible influence of medial column instability in first metatarsal pronation. With a thorough understanding of a condition’s origin, better treatment strategies can be developed.
The reach and benefits of a digital intervention to improve physical activity in people with a musculoskeletal condition delivered during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK
Authors: Webb J , Horlock R , Ahlquist A , Hall A , Brisby K , Hills S , Stewart D 
Published: April 2022

Aim: To evaluate a digital intervention to improve physical activity in people in the UK with a musculoskeletal condition delivered during movement restrictions brought about because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Service evaluation data collected from 26,041 participants over 5 months was assessed against national datasets to understand the reach and representativeness of the digital physical activity intervention. Measures to restrict the movement and interaction of people were in place during these 5 months. Cross-sectional data from 2752 participants across different stages of the 12-week programme assessed levels of physical activity and the components of behaviour as defined by the COM-B model (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation = Behaviour). Regression analysis investigated the relationship between programme stage and physical activity and the components of behaviour. Results: In comparison to the UK population of people with a musculoskeletal condition, the intervention participants were over-represented by females, White, and inactive people. A cross-sectional analysis suggested that the number of participants regularly active increased by programme stage. Scores for the behavioural components of automatic and reflective motivation, physical and psychological capability, and physical opportunity were also improved by programme stage. Conclusion: The service evaluation suggests that the digital intervention, designed to improve physical activity in people with a musculoskeletal condition, could be beneficial during measures to restrict movement to slow the spread of infectious disease in those who are already motivated to become or stay active.
Genome-wide survey of the GATA gene family in camptothecin-producing plant Ophiorrhiza pumila
Authors: Shi Min , Huang Qikai , Wang Yao , Wang Can , Zhu Ruiyan , Zhang Siwei , Kai Guoyin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Ophiorrhiza pumila (Rubiaceae) is capable of producing camptothecin (CPT), one monoterpene indole alkaloid extensively employed in the treatment of multiple cancers. Transcription factors (TFs) GATA are a group of transcription regulators involved in plant development and metabolism, and show the feature of binding to the GATA motif within the promoters of target genes. However, GATA TFs have not been characterized in O. pumila.

Result
In this study, a total of 18 GATA genes classified into four subfamilies were identified, which randomly distributed on 11 chromosomes of O. pumila. Synteny analysis of GATA genes between O. pumila and other plant species such as Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Glycine max, Solanum lycopersicum, Vitis vinifera, and Catharanthus roseus genomes were analyzed. Tissue expression pattern revealed that OpGATA1 and OpGATA18 were found to be correlated with ASA, MK, CPR and GPPS, which were highly expressed in leaves. OpGATA7, showed high expression in roots as most of the CPT biosynthetic pathway genes did, suggesting that these OpGATAs may be potential candidates regulating CPT biosynthesis in O. pumila.

Conclusions
In this study, we systematically analyzed the OpGATA TFs, and provided insights into the involvement of OpGATA TFs from O. pumila in CPT biosynthesis.