bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liveweight gain and metabolisable energy requirements of young entire male Australian Rangeland goats in response to supplementation
Authors: Leo-Penu C. L. O. , Beasley A. M. , Poppi D. P. , Norton B. W. , Eyre K. E. , McLennan S. R. , Quigley S. P. 
Published: April 2022

Context High international demand for goat meat and high prices for goat in Australia have resulted in a transition from opportunistic harvesting to more managed production systems for Rangeland goats. There is limited information available to establish feeding strategies to maximise growth rates of Rangeland goats within these developing managed production systems. Aims The aim of these experiments was to determine the response to supplements and the metabolisable energy requirements for maintenance and liveweight gain of young entire male Rangeland goats. Methods Dose–response relationships to various supplements were established in two experiments with young entire male Rangeland goats. In Experiment 1, 54 goats were allocated to rolled-wheat grain, rolled-sorghum grain, or lucerne pellet supplements offered from 0 (control) to 24 g dry matter/kg liveweight.day. In Experiment 2, 24 goats were allocated to a commercial starch-based pellet offered from 0 (control) to ad libitum. In both experiments, goats were held in individual pens and offered their daily supplement allowances with ad libitum access to Mitchell grass hay and drinking water for 70 days. Key results Total intake (30 to 32 g dry matter/kg liveweight.day) increased in a linear fashion with an increasing intake of all supplements. Maximum intake of rolled-wheat, rolled-sorghum, lucerne pellets and the commercial starch-based pellet supplements ranged from 18 to 22 g dry matter/kg liveweight.day. Unsupplemented goats lost liveweight (−20 to −32 g/day), while supplemented goats gained liveweight (0 to 126 g/day) in a linear fashion with an increasing supplement and metabolisable energy intake for all supplements, with the highest response in goats supplemented with the commercial starch-based pellets. Estimated metabolisable energy requirements to maintain liveweight (372 kJ/kg liveweight0.75.day) and for liveweight gain (35 kJ/g) of the goats were the same in both experiments. Conclusion Liveweight gain increased in a linear fashion with metabolisable energy intake, with the maximum rates of liveweight gain occurring when starch-based supplement intake was approximately 20 g dry matter/kg liveweight.day. Implications Supplementation with starch-based rations will increase liveweight gain and decrease age at turn-off of young entire male Rangeland goats; however, the local availability and cost of these supplements need to be considered.
High levels of anoxygenic photosynthesis revealed by dual-frequency Fourier photoacoustics in
Authors: Lysenko Vladimir , Varduny Tatyana 
Published: April 2022

In contrast to oxygenic photosynthesis, true anoxygenic photosynthesis is not associated with O2 evolution originated from water photolysis but still converts light energy to that of the phosphoanhydride bonds of ATP. In a narrow sense, anoxygenic photosynthesis is mainly known as to be related to the purple and green sulfur bacteria, but in a broad sense, it also occurs in the vascular plants. The portion of photosynthetic water photolysis that is compensated by the processes of O2 uptake (respiration, photorespiration, Mehler cycle, etc.) may be referred to as ‘quasi’ anoxygenic photosynthesis. Photoacoustic method allows for the separate detection of photolytic O2 at frequencies of measuring light about 20–40 Hz, whereas at 250–400 Hz, it detects the photochemical energy storage. We have developed a fast-Fourier transform photoacoustic method enabling measurements of both these signals simultaneously in one sample. This method allows to calculate oxygenic coefficients, which reflect the part of photochemically stored light energy that is used for the water photolysis. We show that the true anoxygenic photosynthesis in Ailanthus altissima Mill. leaves reached very high levels under low light, under moderate light at the beginning of the 1-h period, and at the end of the 40-min period under saturating light.
The Penrose property with a cosmological constant
Authors: Cameron Peter 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A spacetime satisfies the non-timelike boundary version of the Penrose property if the timelike future of any point on

I

−

contains the whole of

I

+

. This property was first discussed for asymptotically flat spacetimes by Penrose, along with an equivalent definition (the finite version). In this paper we consider the Penrose property in greater generality. In particular we consider spacetimes with a non-zero cosmological constant and we note that the two versions of the property are no longer equivalent. In asymptotically AdS spacetimes it is necessary to re-state the property in a way which is more suited to spacetimes with a timelike boundary. We arrive at a property previously considered by Gao and Wald. Curiously, this property was shown to fail in spacetimes which focus null geodesics. This is in contrast to our findings in asymptotically flat and asymptotically de Sitter spacetimes. We then move on to consider some further example spacetimes (with zero cosmological constant) which highlight features of the Penrose property not previously considered. We discuss spacetimes which are the product of a Lorentzian and a compact Riemannian manifold. Perhaps surprisingly, we find that both versions of the Penrose property are satisfied in this product spacetime if and only if they are satisfied in the Lorentzian spacetime only. We also discuss the Ellis–Bronnikov wormhole (an example of a spacetime with more than one asymptotically flat end) and the Hayward metric (an example of a non-singular black hole spacetime).
Controlling degeneracy and magnetization switching in an artificial spin ice system of peanut-shaped nanomagnets
Authors: Chaurasiya Avinash , Anand Manish , Rawat Rajdeep Singh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Using extensive numerical simulations, we probe the magnetization switching in a two-dimensional artificial spin ice (ASI) system consisting of peanut-shaped nanomagnets. We also investigated the effect of external magnetic field on the degeneracy of the magnetic states in such a system. The switching field is found to be one order smaller in the proposed ASI system with peanut-shaped nanomagnets as compared to the conventionally used highly-anisotropic nanoisland such as elliptically shaped nanomagnets. The metastable two-in/two-out (Type II) magnetic state is robust at the remanence. We are also able to access the other possible microstate corresponding to Type II magnetic configurations by carefully varying the external magnetic field. It implies that one can control the degeneracy of the magnetic state by an application of suitable magnetic field. Interestingly, the magnetic charge neutrality at the vertex breaks due to the defects induced by removing nanomagnets. In such a case, the system also appears to have one-out/three-in or three-out/one-in (Type III) spin state, reminiscent of magnetic monopole at the vertex. We believe that our study is highly desirable in the context of developing the next-generation spintronics-based devices for future technologies.
Temperature-dependent enthalpy and entropy stabilization of solid solution phases in non-equiatomic CoCrFeNiTi high entropy alloys: computational phase diagrams and thermodynamics
Authors: Anis Geraldine , Attallah Moataz M , Youssef Mostafa , Salem Hanadi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Research interest in multi-principal element high entropy alloys (HEAs) has increased drastically since the field was first formally introduced in 2004. Since then, HEAs have become important candidate materials for many key applications. However, despite the progress made in this field, there remains much ambiguity surrounding HEA phase stabilities. To that end, the calculation of phase diagrams (CALPHAD) method was used to construct extensive temperature-composition phase diagrams of the CoCrFeNi
x
Ti2−x
, Co
x
CrFeNiTi2−x
, CoCrFe
x
NiTi2−x
, and CoCr
x
FeNiTi2−x
HEA systems. Due to its potentially favorable properties, the current work was focused on the single face-centered cubic (fcc) solid solution phase and an extensive thermodynamic analysis was carried out to examine the underlying thermodynamic factors of its stabilization. The mixing enthalpies and entropies of the alloys in the studied systems were calculated, where it was found that the single fcc solid solution phase can be either enthalpy- or entropy-stabilized depending on the temperature. The deviation of these quantities from the ideal solid solution thermodynamic behavior was considered, and it was found that close to and within the single fcc solid solution regions, the deviation is smallest in all systems. Furthermore, a preliminary exploration of the impact of interstitial nonmetals such as C, N, and O showed noticeable alteration of the phase equilibria of the studied systems. This work emphasizes the importance of exploring non-equiatomic compositions of HEAs as well as the necessity of a comprehensive thermodynamic analysis to understand HEAs phase stabilities.
Influence of oxygen vacancy defects on Aurivillius phase layered perovskite oxides of bismuth towards photocatalytic environmental remediation
Authors: Sharma Manisha , Kumar Ashish , Krishnan Venkata 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The low light absorption and rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers are primary contributors to the low activity of various photocatalysts. Fabrication of oxygen vacancy defect-rich materials for improved photocatalytic activities has been attracting tremendous attention from researchers all over the world. In this work, we have compared the photocatalytic activities of oxygen vacancy-rich Bi2MoO6 (BMO-OV) and Bi2WO6 (BWO-OV) for the degradation of a model pharmaceutical pollutant, ciprofloxacin under visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic activity was increased from 47% to 77% and 40% to–67% for BMO-OV and BWO-OV, respectively in comparison to pristine oxides. This enhancement can be ascribed to suppressed charge carrier recombination and increased surface active sites. In addition, scavenger studies have been done to explain the role of photoinduced charge carriers in the degradation mechanism. Moreover, oxygen vacancy-rich photocatalysts have remained stable even after three consecutive cycles, making them promising materials for practical applications. Overall, this work provides deeper insight into the design and development of oxygen vacancy-rich materials.
Optimization and Fabrication of MEMS suspended structures for nanoscale thermoelectric devices
Authors: Wei Lei , Wei Jiangtao , Kuai Xuebao , You Zhiwei , Zhang Mingliang , Liu Wen , Yang Fuhua , Wang Xiaodong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
By eliminating the influence of the substrate on parasitic thermal resistance, MEMS suspended structures become one of the accurate nanoscale thermoelectric performance evaluation devices. However, the process of MEMS suspended thermoelectric devices is complex, and its multilayer suspended structure is easy to fracture due to large stress. As a result, optimizing the design of suspended structures is critical in order to reduce manufacturing complexity and increase yield. In this study, finite element simulation is used to investigate the impacts of varying structures and sizes on the stress of MEMS suspended devices. The maximum stress and average stress of silicon nanomaterials are lowered by 90.89% and 92.35%, respectively, by optimizing the structure and size of the beams and nanobelt. Moreover, MEMS suspended devices of various structures are successfully manufactured. It not only increases the yield to more than 70% but also decreases the impact of strain on thermoelectric performance and can be used to create suspended devices with integrated silicon microstrips.
Mercury transit observed in Ghana
Authors: Proven-Adzri E , Ansah-Narh T , Aworka R , Fosuhene S K , Sottie S O , Gyasi G 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The planet Mercury transited the face of the Sun in a rare spectacle on 11 November 2019. It was an awe-inspiring moment for 300 students from Kwabenya Community High School and Ghana Atomic Energy Commission Basic School in Ghana to see this wonder of the cosmos. Celestron Power Seeker 60 mm diameter telescopes were used to project the Sun’s image on a white card on the ground to observe safely. It was a time for the kids to relate the theory of eclipse and transits to a practical life experience. This was an avenue to introduce astronomy to the kids.
Interactions among school teachers, students and university researchers in workplace experiences using disused instruments of school laboratories
Authors: Riccardi P , Romano V , Pellegrino F 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This work documents the collaboration between the Physics department of the University of Calabria and some schools of the region in a project devoted to recovering disused instrumentation in school laboratories. The project has been conceived as a workplace experience for the students, i.e. a learning experience in a real work place. In Italy, workplace experiences are mandatory for all students in the last 3 years (16–19 years old) of secondary education. The integration of these informal activities into the formal school context can allow structural and sustained connections between schools and research environments. In the following we describe how this integration has been implemented through a peer-to-peer interaction among school students, teachers and university researchers. The project, which entailed also the participation of the students in exhibits and public events, emphasizes the experimental activities in the physics laboratory as an important moment of aggregation and socialization.
A mnemonic device determining the vector direction in cross product transformations
Authors: Zhu Emily Y 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Vector cross product transformations are essential components in general physics. The numerous mnemonic devices catered towards each potential transformation result in confusion, defeating their purpose of reducing learning barriers. Therefore, a general mnemonic device, subject–environment interaction or the subject, is proposed to help students in determining the resulting vector direction of various vector cross products.
Making jets of air visible in the infrared
Authors: Oss Stefano 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
An easy experiment is suggested to visualize the shape of a jet of hot air, coming from a hair dryer, which encounters obstacles along its path. Quite simply, owing to the heating produced on a flat surface, it is possible to acquire infrared thermal images of the jet. As a particular example, we observe the entrainment of air which is the basis of the Coanda effect.
Newton’s law of cooling with a low-cost thermoscope: physics in the time of covid-19
Authors: Bastos Rodrigo Oliveira , Cordeiro Filho Luiz Artur , Akio Ikeoka Renato 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The necessity to teach experimental physics in the pandemic period motivated the development of practices in which students may take measurements with instruments constructed by themselves. In this article, we present an experimental practice to approach Newton’s law of cooling with a thermoscope (the earliest device for detecting changes in temperature, forerunner of the thermometer) constructed with household materials. Although the use of a non-calibrated thermoscope, the instrument presented several advantages, visual appeal, ease of handling, ease of data acquisition and good reproducibility. The students can take data, plot graphs, and verify if the Newton’s law of cooling holds on the tested circumstances.
A SiC sidewall enhanced trench JBS diode with improved forward performance
Authors: Kong Moufu , Chen Zongqi , Gao Jiacheng , Duan Yuanmiao , Hu Zewei , Yi Bo , Yang Hongqiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A new high-performance sidewall enhanced trench junction barrier Schottky (SET-JBS) diode is proposed in this article. In the proposed SET-JBS diode, in addition to the Schottky contact on the top anode, the sidewall of the trenches also introduces Schottky contacts, which not only increases the Schottky contact area, but also weakens the junction field-effect transistor effect of the device, resulting in a high forward current density and a low specific on-resistance (R
on,sp) with a small increase in reverse leakage current (J
L). Simulation results show that the R
on,sp of the proposed SET-JBS diode is reduced by 21.6%–46.7% with less than an order of magnitude increase in leakage current compared with that of the conventional trench JBS (T-JBS) diode when the trench distance is from 2.1 μm to 1.2 μm at the 2 μm trench depth. And the SET-JBS diode also performs better than the trench MOS barrier Schottky (TMBS) diode when comprehensively considered the R
on,sp and J
L. And the figure of merit and the trade-off relationship between the R
on,sp and the breakdown voltage of the proposed SET-JBS both are better than those of the conventional T-JBS diode and TMBS diode. The forward I–V analytical model of the SET-JBS is also proposed, which is in good agreement with the simulation results. All the simulation results indicate that the proposed SET-JBS diode has promising potential in power electronics applications.
Multi-sensor target allocation model based on NC-PSO
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Wu Jianfeng , Xie Jiahao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Traditional multi-sensor target allocation often has problems such as slow algorithm iteration and low solution quality. In response to this problem, this paper proposes the NC-PSO algorithm, so that the particles can jump out of the local optimum and increase the convergence speed. At the same time, on the basis of the improved algorithm, the constraint of the target threat degree is added, the interval analytic hierarchy process is used to estimate the target threat, and the allocation principle is optimized, so that the use of sensor resources is better and the allocation is more reasonable. The simulation results prove that NC-PSO can allocate targets to multiple sensors faster and better.
Flexible force-sensitive distributed pressure sensing system for soft connection of aircraft Cockpit Cover
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Lv Enming , Xie Jinbiao , Zhang Ping 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
With respect to the actual application of the edge bonding of transparent part of the fighter jet cockpit cover by soft connection, the flexible force-sensitive distributed pressure sensor system is developed, which covers the flexible force-sensitive sensor, calibration device, circuit and data analysis software. The pressure distribution during pressurizing of the edge bonding of multidimensional curved surface transparent parts is vividly showcased by 2D and 3D images. A number of people are assigned to carry out operation. Based on the pressure distribution map and data acquisition, it is determined that the existing bonding process has the serious decificiency of uneven pressure distributio that cannot be addressed, and there is huge potential for improvement.
Security Threat Analysis and Corresponding Countermeasures for HTS Communication System
Authors: Ma Yongchun , Yang Deyun , Zhang Depeng , Wu Hailin , Li ChaoRan , Du Qianqian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In recent years, satellite communication has been widely used in various fields. With the increase of the satellite communication business, the requirement for information security is stronger. System security plays a significant role in the HTS communication system. First, this article gives a brief description of the HTS communication system, introducing the composition and characteristics of the system. Then, the security threats to the HTS communication system are analysed in three aspects: physical security threats, operational security threats and data security threats. Finally, the corresponding countermeasures for security threats are put forward, which can enhance the overall security level of the HTS communication system.
Research And Design of Intelligent Home Potting System Technology By Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Liu Wenyi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
People often put potted plants at home in life, but they neglect to cultivate them due to busy work and study, or the lack of expertise related to potted plant cultivation leads to rotten and withered plants. An Exynos 4412 development board with a Linux system and multiple information acquisition sensors is designed using time series for this life background. The system is an intelligent home potted plant system with a Linux-based Exynos 4412 development board and multiple information collection sensors, using a time-series prediction model, deep convolutional neural network model, message queue telemetry transmission protocol, cloud storage and other technologies. The system realizes automatic scientific irrigation, soil fertility monitoring, and pest and disease warning for potted plants, thus ensuring healthy and robust growth of potted plants, and has a broad market space.
Performance Optimization of Suppression Method for Platform Vibration Noise based on Vector Hydrophone
Authors: Hu Tian , Xu Yougen , Ye Chuyang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: Aiming at the vibration control problem existing in the vector hydrophone under platform vibration and noise excitation, two methods, adaptive noise cancellation algorithm and vibration reduction design, are used to suppress vibration and noise. Methods: A simulation model of vibration and noise signals in the side area of the platform is established first, and the simulation model is simulated by adaptive noise cancellation method. Then noise reduction simulation is carried out by seismic mitigation and isolation method. Finally, the simulation results of the two methods are compared to check the effectiveness of the two noise suppression methods. Results: The results show that adaptive noise cancellation algorithm can effectively cancel the line spectra of platform vibration and noise, and the reduction of continuous spectra is about 10 dB; while the vibration reduction method can reduce the whole vibration and noise of the model, and the vibration and noise interference of the vector hydrophone is reduced by about 15 dB. Conclusion: The obtained results can serve as valuable reference for the performance optimization of suppression methos for vector hydrophones under platform’s vibration and noise excitation.
Failure Warning of Harmonic Reducer Based on Power Prediction
Authors: Li Bin , Qin Chengjin , Tao Jianfeng , Liu Chengliang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
—Harmonic reducer is the core component of industrial robots. During its operation, the power signal is a key parameter that embodies the performance of the harmonic reducer. Therefore, accurate power prediction of the harmonic reducer has instructive significance for its failure warning and performance prediction. In this paper, a hybrid deep neural network (DCBNN) based on CNN and BiLSTM was proposed to process the condition monitoring data of the harmonic reducer and improve the prediction accuracy of power signal. First, the operating parameters were pre-processed and the data sets were divided. Then, the pre-processed data were input into DCBNN, and the spatial characteristics and bidirectional timing dependencies of the condition monitoring data are captured by CNN and BiLSTM. On this basis, the absolute value of the residual of the actual power and the predicted value is obtained according to the prediction result, and the residual curve is fitted by the distribution fitting method to obtain the alarm threshold of the harmonic reducer failure warning. Finally, 8 different data sets constructed using the experimental data of the harmonic reducer are used to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. The test results on the complete data set show that the DCBNN model can complete effectively failure warning of the harmonic reducer.