bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Sub‐20 nm Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Dielectric for Ultralow‐Power Organic Thin‐Film Transistor (OTFT) With Enhanced Operational Stability
Authors: Choi Junhwan , Lee Chungryeol , Kang Juyeon , Lee Changhyeon , Lee Seung Min , Oh Jungyeop , Choi Sung‐Yool , Im Sung Gap 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOrganic/inorganic hybrid materials are utilized extensively as gate dielectric layers in organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs). However, inherently low dielectric constant of organic materials and lack of a reliable deposition process for organic layers hamper the broad application of hybrid dielectric materials. Here, a universal strategy to synthesize high‐k hybrid dielectric materials by incorporating a high‐k polymer layer on top of various inorganic layers generated by different fabrication methods, including AlOx and HfOx, is presented. Those hybrid dielectrics commonly exhibit high capacitance (>300 nF·cm–2) as well as excellent insulating properties. A vapor‐phase deposition method is employed for precise control of the polymer film thickness. The ultralow‐voltage (<3 V) OTFTs are demonstrated based on the hybrid dielectric layer with 100% yield and uniform electrical characteristics. Moreover, the exceptionally high stability of OTFTs for long‐term operation (current change less than 5% even under 30 h of voltage stress at 2.0 MV·cm–1) is achieved. The hybrid dielectric is fully compatible with various substrates, which allows for the demonstration of intrinsically flexible OTFTs on the plastic substrate. It is believed that this approach for fabricating hybrid dielectrics by introducing the high‐k organic material can be a promising strategy for future low‐power, flexible electronics.
Insights into the Potassium Ion Storage Behavior and Phase Evolution of a Tailored Yolk–Shell SnSe@C Anode
Authors: Sun Qing , Yang Maoxiang , Zeng Guifang , Li Jing , Hu Zhibiao , Li Deping , Wang Shang , Si Pengchao , Tian Yanhong , Ci Lijie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTin chalcogenides are regarded as promising anode materials for potassium ion batteries (PIBs) due to their considerable specific capacity. However, the severe volume effect, limited electronic conductivity, and the shuttle effect of the potassiation product restrict the application prospect. Herein, based on the metal evaporation reaction, a facile structural engineering strategy for yolk–shell SnSe encapsulated in carbon shell (SnSe@C) is proposed. The internal void can accommodate the volume change of the SnSe core and the carbon shell can enhance the electronic conductivity. Combining qualitative and quantitative electrochemical analyses, the distinguished electrochemical performance of SnSe@C anode is attributed to the contribution of enhanced capacitive behavior. Additionally, first‐principles calculations elucidate that the heteroatomic doped carbon exhibits a preferable affinity toward potassium ions and the potassiation product K2Se, boosting the rate performance and capacity retention consequently. Furthermore, the phase evolution of SnSe@C electrode during the potassiation/depotassiation process is clarified by in situ X‐ray diffraction characterization, and the crystal transition from the SnSe Pnma(62) to Cmcm(63) point group is discovered unpredictably. This work demonstrates a pragmatic avenue to tailor the SnSe@C anode via a facile structural engineering strategy and chemical regulation, providing substantial clarification for the phase evolution mechanism of SnSe‐based anode for PIBs.
Sponge‐Like Microfiber Electrodes for High‐Performance Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Sun Jing , Wan Yuhan , Jian Qinping , Fan Xinzhuang , Zhao Tianshou 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFabricating fiber‐based electrodes with a large specific surface area while maintaining high flow permeability is a challenging issue in developing high‐performance redox flow batteries. Here, a sponge‐like microfiber carbon electrode is reported with a specific surface area of as large as 853.6 m2 g−1 while maintaining a fiber diameter in the range of 5–7 µm and a macropore size of ≈26.8 µm. The electrode is developed by electrospinning cross‐linked poly(vinyl alcohol)‐lignin‐polytetrafluoroethylene precursors, followed by oxidation and pyrolysis. Applying the as‐synthesized electrodes to a vanadium redox flow battery enables the battery to achieve an energy efficiency of 79.1% at the current density of 400 mA cm−2 and a capacity retention rate of 99.94% over 2000 cycles, representing one of the best battery performances in the open literature. The strategy to fabricate sponge‐like porous carbon microfibers holds great promise for versatile applications in redox flow batteries and other energy storage systems.
Mackinawite‐Supported Reduction of C1 Substrates into Prebiotically Relevant Precursors
Authors: Grosch Mario , Stiebritz Martin T. , Bolney Robert , Winkler Mario , Jückstock Eric , Busch Hannah , Peters Sophia , Siegle Alexander F. , van Slageren Joris , Ribbe Markus , Hu Yilin , Trapp Oliver , Robl Christian , Weigand Wolfgang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Wolfgang Weigand's group at Friedrich Schiller University Jena and was designed by Mario Grosch. The image shows a hypothetical version of the Earth's early surface, where mackinawite produced from the reaction between iron and sulfur in water can react with C1 substrates like HCN to form CH4, NH3, CH3SH and CH3CHO. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/syst.202200010.
Thinking about thinking about thinking … & feeling: A model for metacognitive and meta‐affective processes in task engagement
Authors: Thomas Ayanna K. , Wulff Alia N. , Landinez Dominique , Bulevich John B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMetacognition, or thinking about thinking, is a phenomenon that has received much attention across the numerous fields of Psychological Science. The overarching goal has centered on understanding how humans monitor their internal mental processes and exert control over these processes. However, discipline‐focused approaches with little generalized discussion across the field have yielded an incomplete understanding of the construct of metacognition. Consider, for example, the cognitive approach: from this perspective, researchers have developed predictive models and useful frameworks. Further, the field has produced sophisticated techniques to measure monitoring accuracy and define attributes that contribute to monitoring assessments and control process selection. However, the impact of this research has been relatively limited and isolated from metacognitive investigations that consider other important constructs such as motivation and affect. The approaches taken in subfields, such as educational psychology, emotion, and neuropsychology when combined with the cognitive approach, may result in a more complete picture and thorough understanding of metacognition. In this article, we present an argument that the study of metacognition should bridge the various subfields of psychological inquiry. We present a framework toward an integrative approach to understanding metacognition as a complementary process to meta‐affect and encourage researchers to consider the study of metacognition from a broader perspective.This article is categorized under:
Psychology > Memory
Psychology > Emotion and Motivation
Wilson loops in large symmetric representations through a double-scaling limit
Authors: Rodriguez-Gomez D. , Russo J. G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We derive exact formulas for circular Wilson loops in the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2* theories with gauge groups U(N) and SU(N) in the k-fold symmetrized product representation. The formulas apply in the limit of large k and small Yang-Mills coupling g, with fixed effective coupling κ ≡ g2k, and for any finite N. In the SU(2) and U(2) cases, closed analytic formulas are obtained for any k, while the 1/k series expansions are asymptotic. In the N ≫ 1 limit, with N ≪ k, there is an overlapping regime where the formulas can be confronted with results from holography. Simple formulas for correlation functions between the k-symmetric Wilson loops and chiral primary operators are also given.
Epidural Blood Patching in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension—Do we Really Seal the Leak?
Authors: Piechowiak Eike I. , Aeschimann Benjamin , Häni Levin , Kaesmacher Johannes , Mordasini Pasquale , Jesse Christopher Marvin , Schankin Christoph J. , Raabe Andreas , Schär Ralph T. , Gralla Jan , Beck Jürgen , Dobrocky Tomas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Epidural blood patch (EBP) is a minimally invasive treatment for spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). Follow-up after EBP primarily relies on clinical presentation and data demonstrating successful sealing of the underlying spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak are lacking. Our aim was to evaluate the rate of successfully sealed spinal CSF leaks in SIH patients after non-targeted EBP.

Methods
Patients with SIH and a confirmed spinal CSF leak who had been treated with non-targeted EBP were retrospectively analyzed. Primary outcome was persistence of CSF leak on spine MRI or intraoperatively. Secondary outcome was change in clinical symptoms after EBP.

Results
In this study 51 SIH patients (mean age, 47 ± 13 years; 33/51, 65% female) treated with non-targeted EBP (mean, 1.3 EBPs per person; range, 1–4) were analyzed. Overall, 36/51 (71%) patients had a persistent spinal CSF leak after EBP on postinterventional imaging and/or intraoperatively. In a best-case scenario accounting for missing data, the success rate of sealing a spinal CSF leak with an EBP was 29%. Complete or substantial symptom improvement in the short term was reported in 45/51 (88%), and in the long term in 17/51 (33%) patients.

Conclusion
Non-targeted EBP is an effective symptomatic treatment providing short-term relief in a substantial number of SIH patients; however, successful sealing of the underlying spinal CSF leak by EBP is rare, which might explain the high rate of delayed symptom recurrence. The potentially irreversible and severe morbidity associated with long-standing intracranial hypotension supports permanent closure of the leak.
Gastric aspiration in sudden unexpected infant death of Prader–Willi syndrome: immunohistochemical detection of feeding components
Authors: Osawa Motoki , Ikeda Haruka , Ueda Atsushi , Naito Haruaki , Nagao Ryoko , Kakimoto Yu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) in infants is characterized by hypotonia and poor sucking with feeding difficulties. Two autopsy cases of sudden unexpected death during sleep after tube feeding are described herein. For one, gastric aspiration caused by the possible milk regurgitation was suspected. Immunohistochemical examination of lung sections was performed using three antibodies to human α-lactalbumin, human gross cystic disease fluid protein 15, and cow whey β-lactoglobulin. Five cases of sudden unexpected infant death occurring earlier than at 6 months old were selected as controls. Marked immune-staining for infant formula in one PWS subject was evident within terminal bronchioles and alveoli with granular and amorphous features. However, no positive staining was apparent in the other subject, who exhibited contrasting features in milk distribution. Among control cases, one showed mild staining in the bronchiole, but the others did not. The antibody to β-lactoglobulin reacted specifically with formula, with no nonspecific background. Gastric contents in the airway can be a difficult issue because of the consequent terminal gasping. However, because of an episode of antemortem symptoms of potential regurgitation, and from findings at autopsy such as petechiae, we inferred that fatal regurgitation occurred in this PWS infant after tube feeding. Several clinical reports have described milk aspiration, but this pathological report is the first related to aspiration in PWS during tube feeding.
Chronische Schmerzen im Seniorenalter vor dem Hintergrund der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Teichmüller K. , Bast L. , Rittner H. L. , Kindl G. 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Internationale Studien belegen negative Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf Stimmung und Stresslevel befragter Personen. Auch konnten Zusammenhänge zwischen der Pandemie und höheren Schmerzstärken sowie stärkerer schmerzbedingter Beeinträchtigung nachgewiesen werden. Die Studienlage dazu, ob ältere Menschen besser oder schlechter mit der Pandemie und ihren Auswirkungen umgehen können als jüngere Personen, ist aber uneindeutig.

Methodik
Seit einigen Jahren bietet das Universitätsklinikum Würzburg ein multimodales Schmerztherapieprogramm für SeniorInnen an. Für die vorliegende Arbeit wurden retrospektiv klinische Routinedaten zum Zeitpunkt des interdisziplinären multimodalen Assessments von n = 75 TeilnehmerInnen in den Jahren 2018 und 2019 mit denen von n = 42 Patientinnen während der COVID-19-Pandemie 2020–2021 verglichen. Wir untersuchten Schmerz, psychische Belastung und körperliches Funktionsniveau mithilfe des Deutschen Schmerzfragebogens, klinischer Diagnostik und geriatrischer Funktionstests.

Ergebnisse
Die beiden Teilstichproben unterschieden sich nicht in demografischen Merkmalen. Bezüglich Schmerzintensität und Beeinträchtigung sowie der psychischen Belastung fanden sich ebenfalls keine signifikanten Unterschiede. Lediglich die Anzahl der schmerzbedingt beeinträchtigten Tage war vor Corona signifikant höher. Die geriatrischen Funktionstests zeigten signifikant bessere Werte während der Pandemie an.

Diskussion
Die vorliegenden Daten zeigen keine Verschlechterung von Schmerz und körperlichem sowie psychischem Wohlbefinden bei SeniorInnen vor dem Hintergrund der Pandemie. Weitere Studien sollten die möglichen Gründe dafür untersuchen. Diese könnten in einer höheren Resilienz der SeniorInnen basierend auf ihrer Lebenserfahrung, finanziellen Sicherheit oder einer geringeren Veränderung des Lebensalltags liegen.
Restauration & Ökologie des Sterlets in der österreichischen Donau – das LIFE-Sterlet-Projekt 2015–2022
Authors: Friedrich Thomas , Neuburg Jakob , Eichhorn Heidrun , Popp Stephanie 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungStöre sind ein wesentliches Faunenelement der Donau und stellten in der Vergangenheit durch ihre Migration ein prägendes ökologisches Verbindungsglied zwischen dem alpinen Donauraum und dem Schwarzen Meer dar. Heute sind zwei von sechs Donaustörarten bereits ausgestorben und die verbliebenen Arten sind durch Wilderei, Beifang, Migrationsbarrieren und Habitatverlust vom Aussterben bedroht. Eine Vielzahl von Projekten forciert Bemühungen zum Schutz und zur Wiederansiedelung, welche jedoch nur koordiniert und in internationaler Kooperation Aussicht auf Erfolg haben. Ziel des LIFE-Sterlet-Projekts war es, den Bestand des in der Oberen Donau stark bedrohten Sterlets (Acipenser ruthenus) zu stärken sowie das Wissen über Habitatnutzung, Migration und Autökologie zu steigern.
Dividend policy issues in the European pharmaceutical industry: new empirical evidence
Authors: Basse Tobias , Schwarzbach Christoph , Graf von der Schulenburg J.-Matthias 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper examines dividend policy issues in the European pharmaceutical industry. This sector is of particular interest because of the high research and development expenditures and the associated risks characterizing the business models of many firms in this industry. In fact, from the perspective of corporate finance theory, this is a particular challenge for the managers of these corporations that may also have implications for the dividend policy implemented by the firms forming this sector. Moreover, the level of internal financing and litigation risks also seem to be high in the pharmaceutical industry. These facts could also affect the payout policy of the firms. Employing techniques of time series analysis, there is no evidence for dividend signaling and clear evidence for dividend smoothing in the European pharmaceutical industry. Given that dividend increases under certain assumptions can negatively affect the firms' ability to finance new investments in general and research and development projects in particular, these results of our empirical investigations could be described as highly plausible.
Lactoferrin and its digestive peptides induce interferon-α production and activate plasmacytoid dendritic cells ex vivo
Authors: Kubo Shutaro , Miyakawa Momoko , Tada Asuka , Oda Hirotsugu , Motobayashi Hideki , Iwabuchi Sadahiro , Tamura Shinobu , Tanaka Miyuki , Hashimoto Shinichi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) recognise viral single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) or CpG DNA via Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 and TLR9, and produce interferon (IFN)-α. Activated pDCs upregulate human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR and CD86 expression levels. Ingestion of bovine lactoferrin (LF) activates pDCs, but little is known about its effects. In this study, the effects of LF and its pepsin hydrolysate (LFH) on the production of IFN-α from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and pDCs were examined. PBMCs were prepared from peripheral blood of healthy adults and incubated with LF, LFH, or lactoferricin (LFcin) in the absence or presence of ssRNA derived from human immunodeficiency virus. The concentration of IFN-α in the supernatant and the expression levels of IFN-α, HLA-DR, and CD86 in pDCs were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry. In the absence of ssRNA, the concentration of IFN-α was negligible and LF had no effect on it. In the presence of ssRNA, IFN-α was detected at a certain level, and LF and LFH significantly increased its concentration. The increase caused by LFH and LFcin were comparable. In addition, LF significantly upregulated the expression levels of IFN-α, HLA-DR, and CD86 in pDCs. LF and its digestive peptides induced IFN-α production and activated pDCs in the presence of ssRNA, suggesting that LF modulates the immune system by promoting pDC activation upon viral recognition.
Nutritional Deficiencies 3 Years After Sleeve Gastrectomy Can Be Limited by a Specialized Multivitamin Supplement
Authors: Heusschen Laura , Berendsen Agnes A. M. , Deden Laura N. , Hazebroek Eric J. , Aarts Edo O. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Lifelong daily multivitamin supplementation is highly recommended after sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Based on previous research, a specialized multivitamin supplement (MVS) for SG patients was developed and optimized (WLS Optimum 1.0 and 2.0). This study presents its mid-term effectives and compares micronutrient status of SG patients using this specialized MVS to users of standard MVS (sMVS) and non-users of multivitamin supplementation during the first three years post-surgery.

Materials and Methods
Of the 226 participants that were included at baseline, yearly follow-up blood tests were completed by 193 participants (85%) at 12 months, 176 participants (78%) at 24 months, and 140 participants (62%) at 36 months of follow-up. At each time point, participants were divided into four groups: (1) Optimum 1.0, (2) Optimum 2.0, (3) sMVS, and (4) non-users. Serum concentrations (linear mixed-effects models) and the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies (chi-square tests) during follow-up were compared between the groups.

Results
Users of specialized MVS (Optimum 1.0 and 2.0) had higher serum concentrations of hemoglobin, folic acid, and vitamin D compared to sMVS users and non-users during follow-up. Serum concentrations of vitamin B12 and (corrected) calcium were also higher in specialized MVS users than in non-users. Overall, fewer deficiencies for folic acid and vitamin D were observed in the Optimum groups.

Conclusion
Although the perfect multivitamin supplement for all SG patients does not exist, WLS Optimum was more effective in sustaining normal serum concentrations than standard, over-the-counter supplementation. Non-users of MVS presented with most micronutrient deficiencies and will evidently develop poor nutritional status on the longer term.

Graphical abstract
Holistic multi-class classification & grading of diabetic foot ulcerations from plantar thermal images using deep learning
Authors: Muralidhara Shishir , Lucieri Adriano , Dengel Andreas , Ahmed Sheraz 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Diabetic foot is a common complication associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) leading to ulcerations in the feet. Due to diabetic neuropathy, most patients have reduced sensitivity to pain. As a result, minor injuries go unnoticed and progress into ulcers. The timely detection of potential ulceration points and intervention is crucial in preventing amputation. Changes in plantar temperature are one of the early signs of ulceration. Previous studies have focused on either binary classification or grading of DM severity, but neglect the holistic consideration of the problem. Moreover, multi-class studies exhibit severe performance variations between different classes.

Methods
We propose a new convolutional neural network for discrimination between non-DM and five DM severity grades from plantar thermal images and compare its performance against pre-trained networks such as AlexNet and related works. We address the lack of data and imbalanced class distribution, prevalent in prior work, achieving well-balanced classification performance.

Results
Our proposed model achieved the best performance with a mean accuracy of 0.9827, mean sensitivity of 0.9684 and mean specificity of 0.9892 in combined diabetic foot detection and grading.

Conclusion
To the best of our knowledge, this study sets a new state-of-the-art in plantar foot thermogram detection and grading, while being the first to implement a holistic multi-class classification and grading solution. Reliable automatic thermogram grading is a first step towards the development of smart health devices for DM patients.
Market Mechanisms and Technology Transition in Australia’s National Electricity Market
Authors: Marshall Luke , Bruce Anna , MacGill Iain 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo investigate the interaction between restructured electricity market designs, in particular Australia’s National Electricity Market (NEM), and variable renewable generators. In particular, to examine how the expansion of near-zero marginal cost, variable renewable generators may impact participant incentives and market power.Recent FindingsThe technology transition may significantly impact bidding behaviour in electricity markets such as the NEM.SummaryThis paper identifies and explores key challenges including the impact of renewables on electricity market power, incentive structures for variable renewables, potential for exercise of market power in the Australia’s electricity market as well as contracting and bidding strategies for variable renewables.