bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minority Police Officers’ Contribution to Police-Ethnic Minority Conflict Management
Authors: Decker Catharina , Kersten Joachim 
Published: August 2022

Minority Police Officers’ Contribution to Police-Ethnic Minority Conflict Management
Encounters between the police and citizens with migration background are prone to conflict. In order to guarantee intercultural competent policing, police services are staffed with officers who have a family migration background. Drawing on conflict competence literature, we examined the resulting benefits and costs for police-ethnic minority conflict management by employing personnel with an ethnic minority family background. The sample of our interview study comprised 14 German police officers. The interviewees reported on the role of colleagues with a Turkish family background as either conflict resolvers or conflict intensifiers. Data suggest that police officers with an ethnic minority background significantly contribute to intercultural conflict resolution. Minority police officers’ conflict intensification can be framed as being a point of friction. We conclude that minority police officers are beneficial to police-ethnic minority conflict management and suggest continuous monitoring of minority police officers’ roles by police authorities. This is the first study on intercultural conflict management in policing, explaining the conflict resolving and intensifying contributions of minority police officers.
Policing Online Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Martellozzo Elena 
Published: August 2022

Policing Online Child Sexual Abuse: The British Experience
Incidents of child sexual abuse (CSA) are frequently documented and have recently attracted intense police, public scrutiny and efforts of social control across the Western world. This paper aims to explore the very concerning issue of online CSA and the way in which the police is responding to this growing problem. It will present some of the challenges the police in the United Kingdom face daily in dealing with the threats to children’s online safety. It argues that although proactive undercover policing has helped police forces to unmask sex offenders1 who predate innocent victims online, the advancement of technology is making the work of police officers more and more challenging. The findings presented have been collected over the last decade (2003-2013) during two exploratory, grounded theory studies, which involved the interviews with 21 police officers and forensic examiners and the observation and analysis of three police operations at the London Metropolitan Police Paedophile Unit in London.
Talking to the Man
Authors: Bowling Ben , Sheptycki James 
Published: August 2022

Talking to the Man: Some Gendered Reflections on the Relationship Between the Global System and Policing Subculture(s)
This paper reflects on the interplay between the transnational subculture of policing and the subculture of transnational policing and pays particular attention to the encoding of masculine tropes within them. It uses the culture/subculture distinction to illuminate how gendered masculine identities help to mediate the relationship between the broader culture of control and the occupational subculture(s) of policing. The paper is part of an attempt to theorize global policing as a synecdoche of the global system, an idea that is fundamentally challenging to our ideas about the boundaries of the state. In this paper we draw attention to the specifically ‘masculinist’ nature of the discourse concerning global policing practice, which is often essentialized in dyadic terms; in extremis, in terms of chivalrous knights and rapacious Bluebeards. The paper looks at the militarization of US policing and briefly explores the global terrain of public order policing in the contemporary period, again drawing attention to the masculine tropes that pervade the scene. The paper endeavors to show how the prevalence of problematic masculine role-types in the enactment policing subculture(s) affects the global system.
Nonadversial peer reviews of policing operations
Authors: Adang Otto 
Published: August 2022

Nonadversial peer reviews of policing operations: Fostering organizational learning
This paper sets out to describe and explore experiences gained in the course of ten years with a non-blaming, nonadversarial learning methodology, as applied in the context of the policing of major events, where at the request of a host, peers gather data during events as they occur and a one-sided focus on errors is avoided. This peer review methodology appears to contribute to organisational learning in three different ways: hosts receive informed and constructive feedback, reviewers gain additional experience and insights and the exchanges taking place in the course of or following the reviews (e.g. in seminars) contribute to the identification of good practices and development of professional norms. Experiences show that the interactions taking place between participants also facilitate mutual understanding and cooperation. Interestingly, quite apart from the products obtained through the methodology, the peer review process itself proved to foster reflection and learning.
Police culture, talk and action: narratives in ethnographic data
Authors: Turner Elizabeth , Rowe Mike 
Published: August 2022

Police culture, talk and action: narratives in ethnographic data
The idea of police culture is almost as old as the field of police studies itself, and has been traced to the coincidence of concerns about violent and discriminatory police conduct with shifts in intellectual fashion, including a turn towards ethnography. This article considers some criticisms of the idea of police culture before engaging with a recent narrative turn in analysis. Drawing on fieldnotes from an ongoing ethnographic study of police in England it explores the use of a narrative approach to fieldnotes. The article concludes that extending the narrative approach to police work in this way shows significant potential for developing our understanding of why police behave as they do. Ethnography alone can provide the kinds of unique insights into overlapping and interconnected narratives that help to situate and order the particularities of police work in relation to the broader social and political context.
Exploring Criminal Investigation Practices
Authors: Fischer Heidi , Yttri Dahl Johanne 
Published: August 2022

Exploring Criminal Investigation Practices: The Benefits of Analysing Police-Generated Investigation Data
Current police practices, such as criminal investigations, generate a variety of data that are potentially available to social science researchers. Despite the vital importance of criminal investigations in police operations, there has been limited research on criminal investigation practices. Here, we explore how research analysing police-generated investigation data would contribute to criminal justice and police research, and police organizations. We provide examples from Norwegian police registry data such as national criminal registers, police case files and data from forensic DNA databases. Police registry data may contribute to opening the ‘black box’ surrounding criminal investigation practices, thereby providing important insights into practices that are crucial for the development of organizational learning and knowledge creation. The original contribution of this paper is that it explores the untapped potential of analysing police-generated investigation data for research purposes, an issue that has not been sufficiently addressed in the literature on police performance and organizations.
Is Police Culture Echoed in Southern Europe? The Case of Novice Police Constables in Cyprus
Authors: Constantinou Angelo G. 
Published: August 2022

Is Police Culture Echoed in Southern Europe? The Case of Novice Police Constables in Cyprus
It is often maintained that police norms, values, and beliefs, undergo fragmentation due to a series of causes. That is, the polymorphic nature of policing, the diversity of police personnel, and the dissimilar socioeconomic and political settings which surround the sphere of policing. As a result, the saliency of police values and beliefs (police culture), especially when put against an international backdrop, is doubted, if not denied. Such being the case, the article examines whether or not, police culture, as documented to subsist in Anglo-American police organisations, is reflected in the Cyprus Police.
What is police research good for? – Reflections on moral economy and police research
Authors: Sheptycki James 
Published: August 2022

What is police research good for? – Reflections on moral economy and police research
This paper presents a ‘third order reflection’ on the practices and limitations of police research in a case study of the moral economy of a police gun-crime panic. It approaches the questions ‘what is police research good for?’ and ‘what matters in policing?’ through a critique of police-oriented, evidence-based police (EBP) research. The paper suggests that partnerships between police and academics are structured by performance metrics and the rhetoric of New Public Management. Both academics and police are enveloped in the ‘politics of numbers’ and thereby struggle to overcome a narrow outlook. Ironically, evidence-based policing research produces evidence of a different kind, having to do with police practices that reveal the assumptive world of the police métier and thereby help to generate the foundations of third order reflection and critique. Describing a gun-crime panic in a specific time and place, and relating it to the broader moral economy of policing governance of which it is a part, is a practical demonstration of how to take EBP police research far beyond its limitations to the more fertile grounds of third order reflection.
Police reform, research and the uses of ‘expert knowledge’
Authors: Fyfe Nicholas R. , Richardson Neil 
Published: August 2022

Police reform, research and the uses of ‘expert knowledge’
This paper examines the interplay between research and police reform. Focussing on the creation of Scotland’s national police force in 2013 it examines the role of research as ‘expert knowledge’ in the political and policy debate leading up to the reform and the on-going evaluation of the impacts and implications of the new police force. The paper also situates the relationship between research and reform in the context of the role played by the Scottish Institute for Policing Research, a strategic collaboration between Scotland’s universities, Police Scotland and the Scottish Police Authority. The analysis is informed at a conceptual level by the work of Boswell and her consideration of the different ways in which bureaucratic organisations make use of expert knowledge. This focuses attention on both instrumental uses (ensuring decisions are based on sound reasoning and empirical understanding) and symbolic uses where knowledge plays a role in enhancing legitimacy or helping substantiate policy preferences in areas of political contestation. These different uses of expert knowledge have important implications for thinking about the role of police-academic partnerships.
Havayolu İşletmelerinde Gelir Yönetimi: Overbooking Modelinin Dengeli Performans Kartı Yaklaşımı ile Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: RODOPLU ŞAHİN Didem , GEDİK GÖÇER Sultan , BAYGIN Özge 
Published: August 2022

Havayolu işletmeleri hizmetlerine olan talebi daha iyi yönetebilmek için birtakım stratejiler kullanmaktadırlar. 1970’ lerde başlayan deregülasyon ve beraberinde artan rekabet havayolu endüstrisinde gelir yönetiminin önemini ve farkındalığını artırmıştır. Gelir yönetimi uygulamalarının esası yolcu talebinin etkin kontrolüne dayanmaktadır. Bu amaçla yapılan uygulamalardan biri ise bir uçuştaki koltuk sayısından fazla rezervasyon oluşturulması yani overbookingdir. Uçaklar yalnızca kapasitesinde koltuk sayısı ile uçabilmektedir.. Overbooking hem yolcu hem de havayolu üzerinde doğrudan ilgili bir süreçtir. Bu sürecin yönetimi aktarmalı seferden gelebilecek yolcuya, yolcu listesinde uçma önceliği olan yolculara, tek ya da aile olarak seyahat edilmesi durumuna vb. durumlara göre değişiklik göstermektedir.
Çalışmanın amacı, havayolu işletmelerinde uygulanan gelir yönetimi uygulamalarının ve overbooking modelinin performans ölçme aracı olan Dengeli Performans Kartı yaklaşımı (Balance Score Card) ile değerlendirmektir. Dengeli Performans Kartı yaklaşımı ile havayolu işletmelerindeki overbooking uygulamalarını literatür taraması ile etraflıca incelemek, içerik araştırması yapmak, havayolu işletmelerinin uygulama çerçevelerini ortaya koymak, overbooking senaryoları ile önerileri geliştirmek, havayolu işletmeleri için gelecekte yapılabilecek gelir yönetimi ve performans değerlendirme çalışmalarına katkıda bulunmak amaçlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada havayolu işletmelerinde özellikle overbooking modelinin işletmeye katkıları farklı overbook senaryoları ile araştırılmıştır. Problemleri araştırmak amacıyla yapılan bu çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır.
Investigation of Tool Wear Rate during EDM for Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite (5-10% TiB2) Prepared by Squeeze Casting
Authors: Channi Arvinder Singh , Bains Harminder Singh , Grewal Jasmaninder Singh , Chidambranathan Vettivel Singaravel , Kumar Raman 
Published: August 2022

Squeeze casting was used to prepare aluminium alloy-6061/titanium diboride (TiB2) to create a composite with varied TiB2 quantities. The composite's metallographic structure, tensile strength, and hardness have been explored. The tensile strength and hardness of produced metal matrix composites increased when a particle of TiB2 was increased from 5 to 10 vol.%. This study uses electrical discharge machining (EDM) to investigate the output response tool wear rate (TWR). Variables in EDM operation were investigated, such as current, pulse on time, and voltage gap. The experiments were designed using the Box–Behnken strategy. Statistical approaches were used to analyse the experiments. At ideal settings for TiB2 concentrations of 5 and 10 vol.%, TWR was 0.2146 and 0.1749 mm3 min-1 and surface roughness was 2.47 and 3.03 µm, respectively. TiB2 is utilized in automobile disc brakes, an industry where components slide against each other. The alu­minium alloy-6061/titanium diboride has many applications as a biomaterial and is a good prospect.
Đánh giá tính ổn định vắc xin mẫu chuẩn quốc gia IPV
Authors: Yến Lê Thị Hải , Thủy Đào Thị , Trang Quách Thị Huyền , Kiều Nguyễn Thị , Hạnh Nguyễn Thị Bích , Nga Lê Thu , Thảo Nguyễn Phương , Hòa Nguyễn Thị , Thiển Đoàn Hữu 
Published: August 2022

Đặt vấn đề/ Mục tiêu: Vắc xin mẫu chuẩn quốc gia IPV được thiết lập nhằm phục vụ công tác kiểm định chất lượng vắc xin. Theo nhu cầu của kiểm định thì số lượng vắc xin phải nhiều và chất lượng ổn định để dùng trong khoảng thời gian dài (10 năm trở lên). Sản xuất vắc xin mẫu chuẩn chia làm 2 nội dung chính. Thứ nhất là thiết lập và đánh giá tiêu chuẩn, thứ hai là thiết lập và đánh giá tính ổn định. Vì thế việc xác định tính ổn định của vắc xin vô cùng quan trọng và chiếm phần lớn công việc trong việc thiết lập vắc xin mẫu chuẩn quốc gia. NICVB đã thiết lập thành công số lượng vắc xin mẫu chuẩn IPV theo qui định. Trong nghiên cứu này chúng tôi trình bày quá trình nghiên cứu tính ổn định của vắc xin mẫu chuẩn IPV.
Phương pháp: Sử dụng một lô vắc xin mẫu chuẩn đã đặt hàng sản xuất từ POLYVAC thiết lập tiêu chuẩn mẫu chuẩn, sử dụng phương pháp ELISA để đánh giá hàm lượng kháng nguyên của mẫu chuẩn, đồng thời sử dụng quy trình nghiên cứu tính ổn định nhiệt bao gồm qui trình về thời gian nhiệt độ theo hướng dẫn của tổ chức y tế thế giới 4oC, 25oC, 37oC theo các thời gian khác nhau: 1 tuần, 2 tuần, và 4 tuần đối với các týp 1,2,3. Số liệu được xử lý theo phương trình Arrhenius để tính hạn sử dụng của vắc xin mẫu chuẩn IPV.
Kết quả: Kết quả cho thấy lô văc xin mẫu chuẩn quốc gia MCQG.IPV-01 với số lượng 1500 týp đạt yêu cầu về tính ổn định nhiệt theo thời gian cả 3 týp 1, 2, 3 và hạn sử dụng đến 10 năm.
Kết luận: Vắc xin mẫu chuẩn quốc gia IPV sau khi nghiên cứu đạt yêu cầu được đưa vào sử dụng có tính ổn định với tiêu chuẩn týp 1: 6,239 (95% CI: 5,326 – 7,151) DU/ml, týp 2: 10,737 (95% CI: 9,504 – 11,970) DU/ml , týp 3: 17,438 (95% CI: 15,365 – 19,511) DU/ml khi cất giữ ở -700C
Nghiên cứu thiết lập và đánh giá chất lượng ngân hàng tế bào RK13 dùng trong kiểm định vắc xin và sinh phẩm y tế
Authors: Quỳnh Nguyễn Thị Vân , Hải Triệu Thanh , Thiển Đoàn Hữu , Hùng Phạm Văn , Hương Nguyễn Thị Mai 
Published: August 2022

Đặt vấn đề/ Mục tiêu: Nghiên cứu thiết lập ngân hàng tế bào gốc giống Master Cell Bank (MCB) và ngân hàng tế bào làm việc Working Cell Bank (WCB) và đánh giá chất lượng ngân hàng tế bào RK13 chuẩn từ dòng tế bào RK13 chuẩn quốc tế (ATCCRCCL-37TM).
Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả thực nghiệm invitro.
Kết quả: Kết quả nghiên cứu đã thiết lập được ngân hàng tế bào giống gốc MCB số lượng (252 ống mã hóa NICVB/MCB01-21 với nồng độ 2,25 x 106/ ống) và ngân hàng tế bào làm việc WCB số lượng (356 ống mã hóa NICVB/WCB01-21 với nồng độ 1,67 x 106/ ống) đạt yêu cầu chất lượng về vô trùng, Mycoplasma, tính đồng nhất các ống, không nhiễm tác nhân ngoại lại và độ sống theo tiêu chuẩn Tổ chức Y tế Thế giới (WHO).
Kết luận: Từ các kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy có thể sử dụng ngân hàng tế bào RK13 MCB và WCB trong kiểm định chất lượng vắc xin và sinh phẩm y tế tại NICVB và các labo kiểm định nhà sản xuất.
Kết quả xét nghiệm sàng lọc cho người hiến máu lần đầu tại các trường đại học trên địa bàn thành phố Hải Phòng năm 2021
Authors: Phóng Hoàng Văn , Hiền Nguyễn Thị Thu , Yến Nguyễn Hải 
Published: August 2022

Đặt vấn đề/ Mục tiêu: Mô tả kết quả xét nghiệm sàng lọc cho người hiến máu lần đầu tại các trường đại học trên địa bàn thành phố Hải Phòng năm 2021.
Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu hồi cứu, cắt ngang.
Kết quả: Xét nghiệm cho thấy tỉ lệ nhiễm HBsAg là 1,73%, cao nhất trong số các chỉ số xét nghiệm sàng lọc. KT HCV, KN-KT HIV và KT giang mai chỉ có 1-2 trường hợp, chiếm tỉ lệ rất thấp. Tỉ lệ nhiễm 1 tác nhân là 84,62%. Trong nghiên cứu có 2 trường hợp đồng nhiễm đều là nhiễm HBV và HCV. Bên cạnh đó tỷ lệ HBV-ADN ở đơn vị máu hiến có 0,16%, Chúng tôi không phát hiện trường hợp phản ứng của HCV-ARN và HIV-ARN.
Kết luận: Tỷ lệ đơn vị máu phản ứng với các tác nhân lây truyền HBV, HCV, HIV, giang mai ở những đối tượng hiến máu lần đầu tại 4 trường đại học trên địa bàn thành phố Hải Phòng năm 2021 là HBsAg: 1,73%, HCV: 0,31%, HIV: 0,16% và giang mai: 0,16%. Xét nghiệm NAT: HBV-ADN là 0,16%. HCV-ARN và HIV-ARN là 0%. Tỉ lệ HBsAg ở người hiến máu nam cao hơn so với nữ.
Solutions to Common Obstacles IMGs Encounter
Authors: Al-Nasser Dr. Ali 
Published: August 2022

Applying for residency in the US can be challenging. In order to pursue a career in the US, the candidate must first pass the USMLE exams. These results are crucial for matching. Average USMLE scores of residents that matched for Step 1 was 222 and for Step 2 was 233
(1) Percentage of non-US IMGs matched is 57%.
(2) Highest matched specialty for non-US IMGs is internal medicine.
46% match with their first choice72% match with their top 3 choices
This poster highlights the common obstacles IMGs face when applying for residency in the US and provides a solution to counter them
EKSTRAKCJA IN SITU ROŚLINNYCH METABOLITÓW WTÓRNYCH
Authors: Kawka Mateusz , Pilarek Maciej , Sykłowska-Baranek Katarzyna , Pietrosiuk Agnieszka 
Published: August 2022

Ekstrakcja in situ, poza izolacją metabolitów roślinnych z układu hodowlanego in vitro, pozwala na intensyfikację ich biosyntezy w hodowanej biomasie roślinnej. Zgodnie z definicją, proces ten polega na ekstrakcji produkowanych metabolitów wtórnych w czasie trwania hodowli przez ich akumulację w dodatkowej fazie układu hodowlanego. Motywowane potencjalnymi korzyściami takiego rozwiązania poszukiwania ekstrahentów oraz adsorbentów in situ, nietoksycznych dla biomasy oraz selektywnych względem metabolitów wtórnych, zaowocowały licznymi opisanymi w literaturze naukowej eksperymentami. Stosunkowo nowym podejściem jest zastosowanie w roli dodatkowej fazy ekstracyjnej in situ ciekłych perfluorozwiązków. Znane dotychczas jako efektywne nośniki gazów, charakteryzują się one brakiem istotnych oddziaływań względem rozpuszczonych w nich cząsteczek. Skutkuje to łatwością w uwalnianiu gazów przez granicę faz ciecz-ciecz układu hodowlanego. Ponadto, perfluorozwiązki są nierozpuszczalne w wodzie, tworząc względem wodnego medium hodowlanego oddzielną, dolną fazę w układzie. Cechy te, w połączeniu z brakiem toksycznego wpływu na żywe komórki oraz selektywnością względem metabolitów roślinnych, uzasadniają rosnące zainteresowanie aplikacją ciekłych perfluorozwiązków w roli ekstrahenta in situ.
ROŚLINNE METABOLITY JAKO KLUCZOWY BIOPRODUKT BIOTECHNOLOGII ROŚLIN
Authors: Kawka Mateusz , Pilarek Maciej , Sykłowska-Baranek Katarzyna , Pietrosiuk Agnieszka 
Published: August 2022

Produkcja farmaceutycznie wartościowych metabolitów wtórnych z wykorzystaniem biomasy roślinnej hodowanej in vitro pozwala na ścisłą kontrolę warunków układu hodowlanego. Ta metoda może stanowić ekonomicznie uzasadnioną alternatywę wobec metod konwencjonalnych pod warunkiem odpowiednio wysokiej wydajności otrzymywanych związków. Obecnie wiele uwagi poświęca się badaniom nad optymalizacją warunków hodowli in vitro, dążąc do intensyfikacji procesów biosyntezy i wzrostu biomasy pożądanych roślinnych metabolitów wtórnych.
Impact of Waiving Out-of-Pocket Access Fees on HIV Testing and Linkage Services in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: C. Owhonda G. , Eze-Emiri C. N. , Edewor U. , S. Dakum P. , O. Mensah C. , O. Olupitan K. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The financial implications of accessing health services negatively impact end-users and result in the non-utilization of healthcare services in most resource-poor countries. Direct and indirect costs of access to HIV services impede the uptake and adherence to ART, thereby hindering viral suppression in these regions. Evidence showed that out-of-pocket user fee waivers effectively improve access to healthcare services and expand their utilization. The payment of out-of-pocket user fees to access HIV services in Rivers State affected linkage to ART and was consequently waived to increase uptake of HIV services. The study aimed to determine the waiver's impact on linkage to ART.
Methods: descriptive trend study to determine the difference in linkage to ART services following the waiver of access fees using data collected from the HIV control program, Rivers State.
Findings: There was a gradual increase in the Number of individuals who received HIV Testing Services (HTS) and received their test results (HTS_TST_POS) after the implementation of the user fee waiver, the total HTS_TST_POS during the study period was 157,525; with a mean (IQR) of 1101.57 (107, 2061) HTS_TST_POS per week. The increase occurred between the third quarter of 2019 and the second quarter of 2021, after which a decline occurred. The waiver of the out-of-pocket payments policy was announced about week 8 of 2021, after which linkage to ART consistently tethered above 90%. The weekly mean (IQR) value of linkage to ART was 98.7% (76.6%, 105.9%); and ranged between 94% to 100% within yearly quarters; there was a 100% linkage to ART throughout the year 2021. The total number of persons currently on treatment increased from 21,914 to 173,212.
Conclusion: Although the evidence supporting the effectiveness of user fee waiver as an intervention is debatable, removing out-of-pocket payments to access HIV services was effective in Rivers State and significantly improved linkage to ART.