bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bivalent SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines increase breadth of neutralization and protect against the BA.5 Omicron variant
Authors: Scheaffer Suzanne M. , Lee Diana , Whitener Bradley , Ying Baoling , Wu Kai , Jani Hardik , Martin Philippa , Amato Nicholas J. , Avena Laura E. , Berrueta Daniela Montes , Schmidt Stephen D. , O’Dell Sijy , Nasir Arshan , Chuang Gwo-Yu , Stewart-Jones Guillaume , Koup Richard A. , Doria-Rose Nicole A. , Carfi Andrea , Elbashir Sayda M. , Thackray Larissa B. , Edwards Darin K. , Diamond Michael S. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTThe emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants in the Omicron lineage with large numbers of substitutions in the spike protein that can evade antibody neutralization has resulted in diminished vaccine efficacy and persistent transmission. One strategy to broaden vaccine-induced immunity is to administer bivalent vaccines that encode for spike proteins from both historical and newly-emerged variant strains. Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of two bivalent vaccines that recently were authorized for use in Europe and the United States and contain two mRNAs encoding Wuhan-1 and either BA.1 (mRNA-1273.214) or BA.4/5 (mRNA-1273.222) spike proteins. As a primary immunization series in BALB/c mice, both bivalent vaccines induced broader neutralizing antibody responses than the constituent monovalent vaccines (mRNA-1273 [Wuhan-1], mRNA-1273.529 [BA.1], and mRNA-1273-045 [BA.4/5]). When administered to K18-hACE2 transgenic mice as a booster at 7 months after the primary vaccination series with mRNA-1273, the bivalent vaccines induced greater breadth and magnitude of neutralizing antibodies compared to an mRNA-1273 booster. Moreover, the response in bivalent vaccine-boosted mice was associated with increased protection against BA.5 infection and inflammation in the lung. Thus, boosting with bivalent Omicron-based mRNA-1273.214 or mRNA-1273.222 vaccines enhances immunogenicity and protection against currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains.
The dynamic response of quorum-sensing to density is robust to signal supplementation and signal synthase knockouts
Authors: Rattray Jennifer B. , Kramer Patrick , Gurney James , Thomas Stephen , Brown Sam P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractQuorum sensing (QS) is a widespread mechanism of environment sensing and behavioral coordination in bacteria. At its core, QS is based on the production, sensing and response to small signaling molecules. Previous work with Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows that QS can be used to achieve quantitative resolution and deliver a dosed response to the bacteria’s density environment, implying a sophisticated mechanism of control. To shed light on how the mechanistic signal components contribute to graded responses to density, we assess the impact of genetic (AHL signal synthase deletion) and/or signal supplementation (exogenous AHL and PQS addition) perturbations on lasB reaction-norms to changes in density. Our approach condenses data from 2,000 timeseries (over 74,000 individual observations) into a comprehensive view of QS-controlled gene expression across variation in genetic, environmental, and signal determinants of lasB expression. We first confirm that deleting either (ΔlasI, ΔrhlI) or both (ΔlasIrhlI) signal synthase genes attenuates QS response. In the ΔrhlI background we show persistent yet attenuated density-dependent lasB expression due to native 3-oxo-C12 signaling. We then test if density-independent quantities of signal (3-oxo-C12, C4, PQS or combined) added to the WT either flatten or increase the reaction norm and find that the WT response is robust to all tested concentrations of signal, alone or in combination. We then move to progressively supplementing the genetic knockouts and find that cognate signal supplementation (ΔlasI+3-oxo-C12, ΔrhlI+C4) is sufficient to restore lasB expression and as well as reactivity to density encoded by the intact signal synthase. We also find that dual supplementation of the double synthase knockout restores expression but does not flatten the reaction norm. Despite adding a density-independent amount of AHL, the double signal synthase can still quantitively sense density. Our results show that a positive reaction norm to density is robust to multiple combinations of gene deletion and density-independent signal supplementation and that while density-independent signal supplementation can increase mean expression, the WT QS still retains the ability to quantitatively respond to density. Our work develops a modular approach to query the robustness and mechanistic bases of the central environmental sensing phenotype of quorum sensing.
DrosophilaMales Use 5′-to-3′ Phased Biogenesis to MakeStellate-silencing piRNAs that Lack Homology to Maternally Deposited piRNA Guides
Authors: Venkei Zsolt G. , Gainetdinov Ildar , Starostik Margaret R. , Choi Charlotte P. , Chen Peiwei , Balsara Chiraag , Whitfield Troy W. , Bell George W. , Feng Suhua , Jacobsen Steven E. , Aravin Alexei A. , Kim John K. , Zamore Philip D. , Yamashita Yukiko M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) direct PIWI proteins to silence complementary targets such as transposons. In animals with a maternally specified germline, e.g.Drosophila melanogaster, maternally deposited piRNAs initiate piRNA biogenesis in the progeny. Normal fertility inD. melanogastermales requires repression of tandemly repeatedStellategenes by piRNAs fromSuppressor of Stellate[Su(Ste)]. Because theSu(Ste)loci are on the Y chromosome,Su(Ste)piRNAs are not deposited in oocytes. How the male germline producesSu(Ste)piRNAs in the absence of maternally depositedSu(Ste)piRNAs is unknown. Here, we show thatSu(Ste)piRNAs are made in the early male germline via 5′-to-3′ phased piRNA biogenesis triggered by maternally deposited1360/Hoppeltransposon piRNAs. Strikingly, deposition ofSu(Ste)piRNAs from XXY mothers obviates the need for phased piRNA biogenesis in sons. Together, our study uncovers the developmentally programmed mechanism that allows fly mothers to protect their sons using a Y-linked piRNA locus.
Comparing the representation of a simple visual stimulus across the cerebellar network
Authors: Prat Ot , Petrucco Luigi , Štih Vilim , Portugues Ruben 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe cerebellum is a highly conserved structure of the vertebrate central nervous system that plays a role in the timing and calibration of motor sequences. Its function is supported by the convergence of fibers from granule cells (GCs) and inferior olive neurons (IONs) onto Purkinje cells (PCs). Theories of cerebellar function postulate that IONs convey error signals to PCs that, paired with the contextual information provided by GCs, can be used as a teaching signal to guide motor learning.Here, we use the larval zebrafish to investigate (i) how sensory representations of the same stimulus vary across GCs and IONs and (ii) how PC activity reflects these two different input streams. We use population calcium imaging to measure the cell responses to flashes of diverse luminance and duration to show that IONs and GCs encode different stimulus properties. First, most GCs show tonic and graded responses, as opposed to IONs, whose activity peaks only at on and off luminance transitions, in agreement with the notion that GCs and IONs encode context and error information, respectively. Secondly, we show that GC activity is patterned over time: some neurons had sustained responses for the entire duration of the stimulus, while in others activity was ramping up with slow time constants. This suggests that, by performing temporal integration, GCs could provide a basis that PCs may use to decode time. Finally, we show how PC activity can be largely reconstructed by a linear combination of granule cells and inferior olive neurons. Together, our observations give support to the notion of an error signal coming from IONs, and provide the first experimental evidence for a temporal patterning of GC activity over many seconds.
Comparative multi-OMICS single cell atlas of five COVID-19 (rAdVV and mRNA) vaccines describe unique and distinct mechanisms of action
Authors: Singh Yogesh , Selting Antje Schulze , Gabernet Gisela , Ray Urvi , Bajaj Rimpi , Ali Mohammed , Loitz Marion , Hammer Vincent , Buena-Atienza Elena , Ruschil Christoph , Huebener-Schmid Jeannette , Kowarik Markus , Salker Madhuri S , Casadei Nicolas , Nahnsen Sven , Kremsner Peter , Ossowski Stephan , Altmann Daniel M ,   Deutsche COVID-19 OMICS Initiative (DeCOI), Riess Olaf 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 vaccines based on a range of expression platforms have shown considerable protective efficacy, generating antibody and T cell immune responses. However, molecular pathways underpinning COVID-19 vaccine priming of immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 virus have not yet been explored extensively. This analysis is critical to optimization of future vaccination strategies, schedules, and combinations. Thus, we investigated a cohort of individuals pre- and post-vaccination to understand the humoral and cellular immune response against different COVID-19 vaccines, including recombinant adenoviral vector (rAdVV) and mRNA-based vaccines. Single-cell RNA sequencing allowed characterization of monocytes, T, NK and B cell activation at the transcriptomics/proteomic level, in response to different COVID-19 vaccines. Our data revealed that different COVID-19 vaccines elicit a unique and distinct mechanism of action. Specifically, we revealed that rAdVV vaccines negatively regulate CD4+T cell activation, leukocytes chemotaxis, IL-18 signalling and antigen presentation by monocytes whilst mRNA vaccines positively regulate NKT cell activation, platelets activation and chemokine signalling pathways. An antigen-specific T cell response was already observed following the 1stvaccine dose and was not further augmented after the subsequent 2nddose of the same vaccine and it was dependent on the type of vaccination used. Our integrated three layered-analyses highlights that COVID-19 vaccines evoke a strong but divergent immune response at the RNA, protein, and cellular levels. Our approach is able to pinpoint efficacy and mechanisms controlling immunity to vaccination and open the door for better vaccination which could induce innate and adaptive immunity equally in the long term.Key findingsDecrease in major three cell types classical and non-classical monocytes and NK type III cells after COVID-19 vaccinationIndividual vaccination (AZ, JJ, MD, PB) has differential effect on various immune cell subsets and regulates unique cell populations, whilst no change was observed for CV vaccinationrAdVV and mRNA vaccines have different mechanism of action for activation of lymphocytes and monocytes, respectivelyrAdVV vaccines negatively regulates CD4+T cell activation, leukocytes chemotaxis, IL-18 signalling and antigen presentation whilst mRNA vaccines positively regulate NKT cell activation, platelets activation and chemokine signalling pathways.An antigen-specific T cell response was prompted after the 1stvaccine dose and not augmented after the subsequent 2nddose of the same vaccine.Graphical abstract
Emergency remote learning (ERL) in the COVID-19 era: perceived experience of Indian learners of higher education
Authors: Mukherjee Mrinal , Maity Chanchal 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic compelled the education system to switch over to emergency learning-teaching that is organised remotely. The present study investigated the experience of emergency remote learning (ERL) provided to higher-education learners. The study explores learners' perceived experience regarding the quality of learning resources, the effectiveness of teaching in a virtual climate and the scope of interaction in ERL.Design/methodology/approachUtilising a snowball sampling method, data were obtained from 470 Indian students of higher education through a cross-sectional online survey using a questionnaire through social media platforms. Data were analysed with relevant statistics.FindingsThe majority of students agreed that they had benefited from ERL. The overall impression of the ERL is positive; nevertheless, the students are perplexed and lack confidence in many aspects of the ERL. The Quality of ERL Resources, Teaching Effectiveness, Peer Interaction and Workloads were found to be significant factors in determining the quality of ERL.Originality/valueLearning from the crisis of a pandemic is paramount for the education system. The education system could not go back to what was considered normal before the pandemic; rather it is time to assess and finalise strategies from the experience during this pandemic that could be taken by the higher-education institutions to make the ecosystem better equipped to create 21st-century learning climate. Accommodating the components of remote learning-teaching and engaging technology towards hybridisation are the needs of the time. Hence, assessing the quality of ERL from the learner's perspective might contribute to redesigning future remote learning.
Sources of negative memorable experiences: Finnish Airbnb guest perspectives
Authors: Sthapit Erose , Björk Peter 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
This study aims to bridge the gaps in the extant literature on memorable tourism experiences (MTEs) and Airbnb by exploring the sources of negative memorable Airbnb experiences among Finnish guests.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used a qualitative approach and used data collected through semi-structured interviews. The sampling criteria for selecting participants were that they must be Finnish nationals who had booked and stayed in an Airbnb accommodation within the past 36 months. The participants were selected using a criteria-based snowball sampling technique. A qualitative empirical study was conducted using self-structured interviews that were completed by 18 Finnish tourists who had stayed at an Airbnb property in the past three years.

Findings
Three main sources constitute the conceptual framework of a negative memorable Airbnb experience: unclean accommodations, unpleasant host behaviour and poor customer service.

Practical implications
Airbnb management should make efforts to reduce guests’ negative experiences. This goal can be achieved by developing service-quality-management policies and strategies that are standardised, clear and universally applicable to all hosts. In addition, Airbnb management should recruit qualified customer service personnel and equip them with service recovery skills through training and control mechanisms. Such training should focus on upgrading their ability to handle complaints.

Originality/value
This study responds to the need to examine negative incidents that are a part of MTEs and the sources of negative memories. The originality of this study includes the extension of the existing literature on MTEs and Airbnb, as a conceptual framework of negative memorable Airbnb experiences that comprises three main components: unclean rooms, unpleasant host behaviour and poor customer service has been proposed.
Experience-based systematic construction hazard warning
Authors: Wang Mohan , Liao Pin-Chao 
Published: September 2022

PurposeHazard warning schemes provide efficient hazard recognition and promote project safety. Nevertheless, these schemes perform poorly because the warning information is calibrated for individual characters and is not prioritized for the entire system. This study proposes a hazard warning scheme that prioritizes hazard characters from the inspection process based on the inspectors' experience.Design/methodology/approachFirst, hazard descriptions were decomposed into their characters, forming a double-layer network. Second, warning schemes based on cascading effects were proposed. Third, character-based warning schemes were simulated for various experiences.FindingsThe results show that when a specific hazard is detected, the degree centrality is the most effective parameter for prioritization, and hazard characters should be prioritized based on betweenness centrality for experienced inspectors, whereas degree centrality is preferred for novice inspectors.Originality/valueThe warning scheme theoretically supplements the information-processing theory in construction hazard warnings and provides a practical warning scheme with priority for the development of automated hazard navigation systems.
Public–private partnerships: a collaborative framework for ensuring project sustainable operations
Authors: Liu Bingsheng , Li Juankun , Wang Dan , Liu Henry , Wu Guangdong , Yuan Jingfeng 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThis study aims to develop a collaborative governance framework (CGF) to systematically investigate the impeding factors (IFs) in terms of the operational sustainability of PPPs. It examines the transmission pattern (i.e. the way in which network members react to each other) of the IFs network.Design/methodology/approachLiterature review and interview were adopted to identify the IFs. Then, with the data collected from the interview in China, the social network analysis and interpretive structure model were synergised to examine the chain reaction, driving and dependent powers, and hierarchical structure of the identified IFs.FindingsThe results reveal that the cognition, institutional, financial and participation aspects are key barriers confronted by PPP sustainability, and the government plays a leading role in controlling factors causing sustainability-related problems in PPPs. Weak government leadership and institutional environment were identified as the most fundamental reasons triggering a chain of IFs, while project governance and management activities act as bridge nodes that play an intermediary role in the IFs network.Research limitations/implicationsThis research contributes to the literature on PPP governance by (1) bridging the literature gap through the development of CGF for explaining the governance of PPP sustainability with a holistic view that considers both macro environment and operational project processes; and (2) identifying the transmission pattern of IFs network which uncovers the underlying dynamics causing the unsustainable operation of PPPs.Practical implicationsThis research provides practitioners with a list of key checkpoints for preventing failure escalation, enables decision-makers to prioritise obstacle-mitigation efforts and develop a feasible process to control PPP operation, and offers management countermeasures to remove the key barriers impeding PPP sustainability.Originality/valueThis study is novel for adopting network-oriented techniques to quantify the relative importance of the IFs and examine the transmission pattern of the IFs system. Therefore, it visualises the complex underlying dynamics causing unsustainable PPP operation, identifies root and direct causes of PPP failures, and provides decision-makers with insights into sustaining PPP sustainability from a network-oriented perspective.
Project managers' reactions to project disruption: sponsor actions versus environmental uncertainty
Authors: Franke Henrik , Wynstra Finn , Nullmeier Fabian , Nullmeier Chloe 
Published: September 2022

PurposeManaging projects is an important part of operations management, but many projects fail. This study focuses on attribution processes of such disruption from the underrepresented perspective of the project manager. The authors consider two types of causes: the more frequently researched environmental uncertainty (i.e. uncontrollable events) and the scarcely researched uncertainty imposed by non-collaborative project sponsors (i.e. other-controllable events).Design/methodology/approachThe authors test conceptual arguments grounded in attribution theory and the notion of psychological contracts in a scenario-based experiment among 325 practicing project managers.FindingsThe findings indicate that non-collaborative project sponsors negatively affect project managers' motivation, whereas uncontrollable disruptions leave hope to achieve positive future outcomes. This latter effect is further strengthened when project managers have an internal attribution style. They tend to blame the disruption on themselves and generally feel in control of achieving success even if they are not.Originality/valueThese socio-psychological insights nuance the economic idea that uncertainty reduces motivation per se in the context of project disruption appraisal. The authors contribute to the behavioral project management literature and general attribution theory and help guide the allocation of resources during the recovery of failed projects.
Output measurement in professional public organizations: insights from European justice systems
Authors: Pekkanen Petra , Pirttilä Timo 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThe aim of this study is to empirically explore and analyze the concrete tasks of output measurement and the inherent challenges related to these tasks in a traditional and autonomous professional public work setting – the judicial system.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis of the tasks is based on a categorization of general performance measurement motives (control-motivate-learn) and main stakeholder levels (society-organization-professionals). The analysis is exploratory and conducted as an empirical content analysis on materials and reports produced in two performance improvement projects conducted in European justice organizations.FindingsThe identified main tasks in the different categories are related to managing resources, controlling performance deviations, and encouraging improvement and development of performance. Based on the results, key improvement areas connected to output measurement in professional public organizations are connected to the improvement of objectivity and fairness in budgeting and work allocation practices, improvement of output measures' versatility and informativeness to highlight motivational and learning purposes, improvement of professional self-management in setting output targets and producing outputs, as well as improvement of organizational learning from the output measurement.Practical implicationsThe paper presents empirically founded practical examples of challenges and improvement opportunities related to the tasks of output measurement in professional public organization.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils an identified need to study how general performance management motives realize as concrete tasks of output measurement in justice organizations.