bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ketentuan Pemecahan Tanah Kavling Perorangan Dan Penjualan Tanah Kavling Perorangan Di Kabupaten Jombang
Authors: Widharetno Anjar , Saleh Moh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Prohibition of the practice of splitting and selling mature plots of land without a house individually in the Jombang area without a clear legal basis. This happens because the split and the sale of plots of land that are carried out individually is equated with the prohibition of lisiba, even though if you look at it, it is very important. So this research is expected to answer the prohibition against this practice. The type of research used in this study is empirical juridical research, using the legal approach method, meaning that the study in this study uses applicable legal provisions and occurs in real society, or in other words, this research is conducted on actual conditions or real conditions. that occurs in the community with the intention of knowing and finding the facts and data needed. The practice of splitting and selling plots of land in a mature manner in Jombang Regency cannot run as well as it should. This prohibition is due to the equating of the prohibition on building lisiba with the split and sale of plots of land in a mature manner. This is very contradictory between the rule of law in the existing law and its application in the field.
Keywords: breaking the ground; individual plots of land; sale of individual plots of land
Abstrak
Larangan praktik pemecahan serta penjualan tanah kaveling matang tanpa rumah secara perorangan di daerah Jombang tanpa adanya dasar hukum yang jelas. Hal ini terjadi karena pemecahan yang serta penjualan tanah kaveling yang dilakukan secara individu ini disamakan dengan aturan larangan lisiba, pdahal jika ditinjau hal tersebut sangat. Sehingga penelitian ini diharapkan menjawab larangan terhadap praktik tersebut. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis empiris, dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan undang-undang, artinya pengkajian dalam penelitian ini menggunakan ketentuan hukum yang berlaku serta terjadi secara nyata dalam masyarakat, atau dengan kata lain penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap keadaan sebenarnya atau keadaan nyata yang terjadi di masyarakat dengan maksud untuk mengetahui dan menemukan fakta-fakta dan data yang dibutuhkan. Praktik pemecahan dan penjualan tanah kaveling secara matang di Kabupaten Jombang ini tidak dapat berjalan dengan baik sebagaimana mestinya. Larangan ini disebabkan adanya penyamaan larangan dalam membangun lisiba dengan pemecahan dan penjualan tanah kaveling secara matang. Hal ini sangat bertentangan antara aturan hukum dalam undang-undang yang ada dengan penerapannya dilapangan.
Kata kunci : pemecahan tanah; penjualan tanah kavling perorangan; tanah kavling perorangan
THE INFLUENCE OF WORK CULTURE TOWARD SELF- CONTROL (LOCUS OF CONTROL) OF CERTIFIED PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS
Authors: Ahmad Sumardi , Isjoni Isjoni , Isjoni M. Yogi Riyantama 
Published: September 2022

The objective of the study was to analyse how positive and significant the influence of work culture toward self-control (locus of control) of certified teachers at primary schools. The population of this research were 155 certified teachers at primary school in Kuantan Tengah District. Seventy-five certified teachers were randomly selected as samples. The research was undertaken using a correlational research survey design. Data were collected using questionnaires statistically analysed to see if there were any effects on the work culture and teachers’ self-control. This study indicated a significant and positive effect of work culture on primary teachers’ self-control (locus of control). The finding implies that the increase in self-control (locus of control) is possible to achieve by strengthening the work culture.
CODE-SWITCHING USED BY EFL LEARNERS IN NATURAL INTERACTION
Authors: Aganmar Syafira , Purwanti Indah Tri , Adanan Mahdum 
Published: September 2022

This study investigated kinds and reasons of code-switching employed by the EFL learners at one of the Universities in Riau Province, Indonesia, with a qualitative approach. The code-switching data were collected based on natural interactions that occurred naturally through phone calls. The participants of this study were the 7th semester students of the English Department at one of the universities in Riau province. The natural interactions through phone calls were audiotaped, and the audios were transcribed. Furthermore, the transcribed audio got classified and analyzed based on its types and functions. Besides, interviews were also conducted in this study to gather the reasons for the use or functions of code-switching based on the learners’ perspectives. Thenceforth, the classified data was validated by the experts of code-switching to make sure the data was ideally correct. The findings showed that learners used Inter-sentential code- switching and Intra-sentential code-switching. Dealing with the second research aims, the reasons for code-switching was used to clarify speech content, to talk about particular topics, to use repetition to clarify something, to show emphatic, to provide emphasis on something and also for lexical needs. However, the EFL learners at one of the Universities in Riau Province, Indonesia, not only used an English-Indonesian switching but also Indonesian-English switching in English- based conversation.
TOWARDS THE WHOLE-SCHOOL APPROACH: THE CHANGING NATURE OF “BEST PRACTICE” FOR REFUGEE EDUCATION IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Spratling Harrison James 
Published: September 2022

Since 2000, the dynamics and demographics of refugee education in Australia have changed constantly. Meanwhile, academic literature on refugee education continues to explore best practice approaches in various contexts. While these realities continue to shift, it is important to analyze any changes in what Australian literature considers best practice for refugee education. To analyze such changes, this study conducts a qualitative content analysis of academic literature published in Australia since 2000 and draws out various themes of best practice. It then analyses studies chronologically to detect change in the concept of best practice for holistic refugee education over time. The goal of holistic education is suitable for refugee students who often have extremely complex learning needs, and as such it forms the basis for what this study considers “best practice” education should strive to achieve. This study reveals that current best practice for supporting refugee students in Australia includes whole-school approaches to inclusivity, study and mental health supports, and community and family engagement. Additionally, professional training and appropriate pedagogical approaches, especially relating to literacy and supplemented by adequate resources, are vital to successful refugee education. It also reveals that since 2012, academic literature has places more emphasis on staff professional development, inclusivity, advocacy and the positive framing of refugees, and the whole-school approach to refugee education, whilst placing less emphasis on links between schools, families and refugee communities, as well as mental health and study supports for refugee students. Literature on the importance of pedagogy has remained constant since 2000.
Understanding Nepal’s Geopolitical Dynamics: Connected History Disconnected Future
Authors: Bhatta Chandra Dev 
Published: September 2022

The debate on geopolitics has gained momentum at various layers of society in recent years. Yet, there is paucity in clarity as to what geopolitics entails and how Nepal has become geopolitically important. There are, however, multiple opinions, where the tendency has been to project geography as the main tenet of geopolitics. This may partially be true given the changes brought about by the new technology-driven political economy. Likewise, there is a tendency to associate every success and failure in the domestic politics/development with geopolitics, while other undercurrents are not taken into consideration even though they might have implications for keeping the society and state together in the long-term. What is still important for the states like Nepal is the role of powerful countries both in the neighborhood and beyond. Geopolitics certainly is not new, but its manifestations may differ, and this article looks into them and their possible consequences for Nepal. In this regard shall also carefully considers how foreign policy should be articulated when geopolitics is entrenched. The article largely builds on an analytical approach based on certain facts/events to understand and explain the geopolitical underpinnings.
Bank Stability and Its Determinants in The Nepalese Banking Industry
Authors: Singh Nirmal 
Published: September 2022

This paper investigates bank stability and its bank-specific, industry-specific, macroeconomic and institutional determinants for the Nepalese banking industry. The study employs the system GMM to a panel of bank-level data covering the period from 2004-2018. The results show that the stability of the Nepalese banking industry improved during the early years of the study period, i.e., 2004-2007; however, it exhibited a decaying trend for the rest of the study period. The analysis reveals that the major factors responsible for this deterioration are capital adequacy, asset quality, and earnings of the banks. Most of the dimensions have shown improvements during the initial years of the study period; however, this trend reversed post-2007.The study groups the banks into three categories: stable, moderately stable, and less stable banks as per their respective stability score. The estimation results indicate that a positive bank stability persistence exists in the Nepalese banking industry. Results suggest that credit growth has a negative impact on the stability of the banks. The results of the study support the concentration-stability hypothesis. Income diversification appears to have a positive impact on the stability of the banks. Findings disclose that inflation is playing a crucial role in impacting the stability of the banks. The study reveals that the GFC had no significant impact on the stability of the Nepalese banking industry.
Cold Spraying – Equipment and Application Trends
Authors: Kroemmer W. , Heinrich P. , Richter P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
With lightning speed, the thermal spray process cold spraying established itself as a viable coating technology. Due to such properties as dense, oxide-free coatings, a multitude of new applications now present themselves which, up to now, were not feasible using traditional processes. With the targeted and process-oriented groundwork of the competence group and the manufacturer of cold spray equipment, together with a gas company the equipment engineering for cold spraying has reached an extremely high technological level, facilitating an efficient operation with a tremendous process reliability. This work has, of course, involved extensive long-term testing of such components as the nozzle and gas heater. In the same way, by successfully adapting spray materials, cold spray coatings can now be applied in many new fields and technologies. Practical solutions are already available in the automotive and electronics industries. The constant encounter with new applications for which cold spraying can provide solutions, demonstrates that a new era of thermal spraying in all branches of industry has begun.
Thermal Spray Solutions For Diesel Engine Piston Rings
Authors: Herbst-Dederichs C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Diesel engine development is continuously progressing: light vehicle diesel (LVD) engines are gaining in popularity in Europe and therefore we see a steady improvement in power performance and fuel consumption going along with increased loading of the power-cylinder components. Moreover, heavy-duty (HD) engines for trucks are facing stricter environmental legislation leading amongst other technologies to the introduction of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Whatever reduced emission technology will be applied, they all will significantly influence the engine tribology. This paper is dedicated to describing modern piston ring coating technologies to face the future diesel engine demands. The paper mainly focuses onto modern piston ring coating technology such as hard particle reinforced chrome plating, HVOF spraying and PVD. In particular, it will be discussed how thermal spray coatings need to be designed to find their position among established or future coating technologies of the competition.
Protection of Titanium Alloy Surfaces by Thermal Spraying and Laser Treatment
Authors: Wielage B. , Podlesak H. , Wank A. , Matthes K.-J. , Kolbe G. , Wilden J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Titanium alloys are used in several fields due to their outstanding high specific strength, low density and excellent corrosion resistance, but the low wear resistance confines their applicability. The performance of CVD and PVD coatings is limited by the low hardness of the substrate, which cannot supply sufficient support, and conventional thermal spray coating materials do not provide the excellent corrosion properties. Laser alloying also often results in a decreased corrosion resistance and additionally in embrittlement. The use of boron for laser alloying or dispersing of diborides permits the incorporation of extremely hard boride phases without significant decrease of the matrix materials corrosion resistance and ductility, as there is no solubility of boron in titanium. Laser alloying with boron paste and dispersing of TiB2 in Ti6Al4V surfaces is carried out with CO2 lasers and an adapted inert gas shower apparatus. Typically a melt pool depth of 200 - 300 µm is achieved and the boride precipitates permit an increase of the surface hardness from 350 HV0.05 in the initial state to about 800 HV0.05. The surface area is characterized by means of optical microscopy, SEM and EDXS. Vacuum plasma spraying is used to provide a technology for deposition of TiB2 layers with defined thickness prior to laser treatment on surfaces with complex shape and in order to evaluate the direct applicability of thermally sprayed TiB2 coatings.
Photocatalytic Decomposition of Ammonia by Thermal Sprayed TiO2 Coatings
Authors: Ohmori A. , Nakade K. , Yamamoto Y. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
TiO2 coatings were prepared by plasma and HVOF spray using agglomerated sub-micron TiO2 powder. Effects of various spray conditions on microstructure, phase ratio, coating thickness have been investigated and then photocatalytic properties was evaluated. It was found that anatase phase ratio decreased gradually with increasing arc current in the plasma spray process, while higher anatase ratio (approximately 50%) was obtained in the HVOF process. The coating thickness increased with increasing arc current and displayed approximately 50mm thickness in the case of 800A although anatase ratio was lower. Thus, the anatase phase ratio and coating thickness exhibited strong dependency on thermal spray method and spray conditions (arc current and fuel gas pressure). The sprayed coatings using sub-micron powder feed showed photo-catalytic decomposition of gaseous NH3. As a result of photo-catalytic experiments, TiO2 coating formed by HVOF spraying showed higher decomposition rate because coating by HVOF showed high anatase ratio. And, moreover, the TiO2 coating by plasma spray technique also exhibited photocatalytic decomposition of gaseous NH3 although anatase ratio was lower in comparison with HVOF in present study.
Methodology for Meeting Standards and Environmental Requirements in Thermal Spraying, Hardfacing and Sand Blasting
Authors: Ducos Maurice , Duchateau Daniel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the bases of a methodology for purchase, installation and use of equipment for thermal spraying, hardfacing and sand blasting. This methodology takes all currently known personnel and environmental regulations into account. Businesses already using the above-mentioned techniques as well as future users will find it useful as it gives details about how to meet the current obligations and to correctly evaluate the resources needed to design not only efficient, but also safe and environment-friendly workshops. To be more user-friendly, the necessary information for setting up a complete installation can be structured and presented under the form of notices which could constitute the basis of a user’s guide.
New Carbide Based Materials for HVOF Spraying
Authors: Zimmermann S. , Keller H. , Schwier G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Standard materials like WC-Co, WC-CoCr, WC-Ni, and Cr3C2- NiCr for HVOF spraying exist in various modifications depending on chemistry, carbide size, and production method. They are widely used for wear, erosion, cavitation, and corrosion protection in many industrial fields. But there are a lot of applications in which the surface is exposed to a combination of different wear mechanisms - e.g. corrosion and erosion or abrasion - and usual state-of-the-art coatings do not fully meet the technical demands regarding lifetime under those combined attacks. New materials therefore are needed. In the present study several modified and completely new carbide based materials are investigated. A series of new cermets differing regarding carbide type, carbide size, and metallic binders are compared. The materials were sprayed with the HVOF system DJ 2600 to show the influence of their different chemistry and morphology on the microstructure and properties of the coating in comparison to standard materials. The experiments comprises microstructural examinations as well as abrasive wear, corrosion, and cavitation tests.
Preparation and Characterization of Powders and Coatings Containing Solid Lubricants
Authors: Männikkö U. , Määttä A. , Vuoristo P. , Mäntylä T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this work, HVOF sprayed hard metal multi-component Cr3C2-25Ni+10 vol-% solid lubricant coatings were prepared by HVOF spraying. CaF2, BN, MnS and WS2 were used as solid lubricants. Powders were prepared by the spray drying and sintering method. This method produces homogeneous and spherical powders. Powders were sprayed with DJH 2600 HVOF-system. Microstructures, phase structures and compositions of powders and coatings were analysed with optical microscope, scanning electron microscope with EDS-analysator and x-ray diffractometer. The particle size distributions of sintered powders were determined by laser diffractometer. The amount of retained solid lubricant in the sprayed coatings was evaluated by EDS and compared to that in the spray powder. This study showed that spray drying and sintering method is a preferable method for manufacturing multi-component solid lubricant containing thermal spray powders. In sintering processes, solid lubricant phases remained in powders except for the Cr3C2-25Ni+10vol-%WS2-powder. Also, after HVOF spraying, coatings contained solid lubricants.
Properties of Plasma and D-Gun Sprayed Metal-Matrix-Composite (MMC) Coatings Based on Ceramic Hard Particle Reinforced Fe-, Ni-aluminide Matrix
Authors: Bach Fr.-W. , Babiak Z. , Rothardt T. , Formanek B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Coatings of Metal-Matrix-Composite (MMC) with enhanced wear resistance were created by thermal spraying. The used powders composed of iron and nickel aluminides reinforced with alumina, Cr- and Ti-carbides were produced before by self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS). The fused and crushed composite powders were sprayed by atmosphere plasma spraying (APS) and gas detonation spraying (D-Gun). Spray powder and coating properties like morphology, structure, microhardness, porosity, bond strength, wear and corrosion resistance are examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy, XRD analysis, pin-on-disc (wear resistance). The produced MMC coatings are compared to commercially used wear resistant coatings, e.g. high velocity oxyfuel flame sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr. The properties of a special coating type depend on the used spraying method. Plasma sprayed MMCs show a slightly higher porosity than D-Gun sprayed coatings. The chemical composition of used powders has a big influence on the coating properties. Fe- and Ni-aluminide matrix coatings reinforced additionally with carbides, especially Cr3C2, show a better wear resistance compared to coatings containing just oxides as hard material.
Ceramic Coating of Alloy 625 using Controlled Atmosphere Plasma Spraying for Sea Water Corrosion Protection
Authors: Guipont V. , Fauvarque J-P. , Beauvais S. , Jeandin M. , Le Guyader H. , Lepresle H. , Grolleau A-M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Crevice corrosion of metal/metal contacts in piping assemblies is a key issue for the design and the manufacturing of marine components. In this work, ceramic coatings onto alloy 625 were obtained using multi-processing CAPS facilities (Controlled Atmosphere Plasma Spraying). These coatings were sprayed in the CAPS chamber using air plasma spraying (APS, air at 100 kPa) or using high-pressure plasma spraying (HPPS, argon at 250 kPa) to achieve different coating microstructures and porosity levels. This allowed to investigate the corrosion behaviour in natural sea water of metal/ceramic contacts with different coating systems. Pure alumina or alumina-titania coatings with or without thermally-sprayed alloy 625 bond-coat were tested. Post-treatments like sealing of pores using epoxy resin were also achieved to study the resulting corrosion protection enhancement. Immersion and potentiostatic tests at +300 mV vs. SCE (Standard Calomel Electrode) tests were carried out in natural sea water at different temperature up to 60°C to expose specimens to the most severe working parameters. A beneficial protective effect of ceramic-coated alloy 625 has been clearly evidenced. Further investigations were performed using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to assess the corrosion behaviour and mechanical soundness of ceramic coated specimens which resulted in the determining of relevant technological solutions to prevent the risk of corrosion.
Fatigue and Fracture Resistance of Nanostructured Composite System: Chrome Carbide – Hard Oxide Aluminum – Aluminum
Authors: Kireitseu M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper Al-Al2O3-CrC nanostructured composite coating was presented, fatigue and fracture of the composite coating were investigated by nanoindentation, and in situ experiments performed in a scanning electron microscope to permit examination of freshly exposed surfaces. Crystallographic and morphological texture was characterized and the fracture resistance measured using fracture-mechanics. A CrC layer may improve the fracture resistance of an oxide aluminum layer. A CrC layer produced by pyrolitic deposition effectively heals the pores and defects of an oxide aluminum layer. It results in high load rating of the coating. Experiments revealed that in all cases, detection of an acoustic signal corresponded to an appearance of circular cracks seen on the surface; in a very few cases, examination of the surface after detection of a signal revealed the presence of two ring cracks. The degree of toughening associated with crack healing is determined by the number of healed defects and the effectiveness of the individual healing. Macroscopically, a crack path in the oxide aluminum appears to be straight, propagating along pores and internal voids. However, microscopically, a crack path exhibits a high degree of intergranular fracture. Because cracks generally deflect at small angles in the oxide aluminum layer, a crack path moves through pores and internal voids that usually concentrate internal stresses. The crack path is primarily intergranular at all velocities.