bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The utility of 3D, haptic‐enabled, virtual reality technologies for student knowledge gains in the complex biological system of the human heart
Authors: Hite Rebecca L. , Jones Melissa Gail , Childers Gina M. , Ennes Megan E. , Chesnutt Katherine M. , Pereyra Mariana , Cayton Emily M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge of the structure and function of the human heart is fundamental to accurately understanding human physiology. As a complex biological system, naïve conceptions abound regarding cardiac anatomy and physiology for K‐12 learners and medical students alike.ObjectiveTextbooks and lectures, as well models and simulations, have had limited success in aiding learners in constructing accurate and cohesive knowledge of the human heart. Three dimensional (3D) modelling, haptic‐enabled (HE) feedback, and interactive virtual reality (VR) experiences aid tertiary learners, yet it is unknown if secondary learners benefit from learning with these technologies.MethodsAn exploratory study examined secondary student knowledge of cardiac anatomy and physiology after participation in an interactive lesson on cardiac structure and function using a 3D, HE, VR technology system. Students from sixth grade (11–12 years old; n = 75) and ninth grade (14–15 years old; n = 76) completed a pre‐ and post‐assessment on cardiac knowledge, anatomy, and physiology punctuated by technology‐delivered instruction on the human heart.Results and ConclusionsSignificant gains were found in knowledge from both groups in cardiac anatomy and blood circulation within the chambers of the heart; however, only ninth grade students demonstrated significant knowledge gains in pulmonary circulation.TakeawaysResults suggest that 3D HE VR technologies provide learners robust representations of and student‐driven interactions with complex biological systems that are innovative instructionally for strong conceptual and systematic learning. This study offers insight on technology‐assisted science visualizations for the promotion of knowledge acquisition and systems thinking of the human heart among secondary science students.
Novel exon mutation in SYCE1 gene is associated with non‐obstructive azoospermia
Authors: Feng Ke , Ge Hengtao , Chen Huanhuan , Cui Chenchen , Zhang Shan , Zhang Cuilian , Meng Li , Guo Haibin , Zhang Lei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNon‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is a common cause of male infertility, and genetic problems, such as chromosomal abnormalities and gene mutations, are important causes of NOA. Our centre received a case of NOA, in which no mature sperm was found during microdissection testicular sperm extraction. A postoperative pathological examination revealed that testicular spermatogenesis was blocked. Target region capture combined with high‐throughput sequencing was used to screen for male infertility‐related gene mutations. Sanger sequencing further confirmed that the SYCE1 gene, a central component of the synaptonemal complex (SC) during meiosis, had a homozygous deletion mutation in the tenth exon (c.689_690del; p.F230fs). Through molecular biological studies, we discovered altered expression and nuclear localization of the endogenous mutant SYCE1. To verify the effects in vitro, wild‐ and mutated‐type SYCE1 vectors were constructed and transfected into a human cell line. The results showed that the expression and molecular weight were decreased for SYCE1 containing c.689_690del. In addition, mutated SYCE1 was abnormally located in the cytoplasm rather than in the nucleus. In summary, our research suggests that the novel homozygous mutation (c.689_690del; p.F230fs) altered the SYCE1 expression pattern and may have disturbed SC assembly, leading to male infertility and to a barrier to gamete formation. We reported for the first time that a frameshift mutation occurred in the exon region of SYCE1 in an NOA patient. This study is beneficial for accurate NOA diagnosis and the development of corresponding gene therapy strategies.
Mutual complementarity among diverse pollinators as a mechanism underlying open insect pollination in Japanese pear orchards
Authors: Sonoda Shoji , Kagawa Kiyohiko , Furui Yuki , Nakada Ken , Koyama Mitsuko , Toda Seishi , Sugiura Naoyuki , Nakamura Shoko , Sueyoshi Masahiro , Mita Toshiharu , Toyama Masatoshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCultivated Japanese pear varieties, mostly showing self‐incompatibility, require pollen transfer from other varieties. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of open Japanese pear insect pollination, we first collected flower‐visiting insects using plastic vials and sticky traps in orchards located at different regions in Japan. Results showed that insects assigned to the families Andrenidae (Hymenoptera), Apidae (Hymenoptera), Halictidae (Hymenoptera), Syrphidae (Diptera) and Empididae (Diptera) are abundant in the orchards. Second, we restricted the flower‐visiting insects to access Japanese pear flowers using bags with mesh sizes of 0, 2 and 3.5 mm. Results indicated that insects which allowed to pass through bags with 3.5‐mm mesh size but not through bags with 2‐mm mesh size contribute primarily to pollination, represented as the fruit‐set ratio and seed number. Third, we measured head and thorax widths of the flower‐visiting insects and counted pollen grains on their body surfaces to estimate their pollination potential. Results indicated that insects assigned to the families Andrenidae, Halictidae, Syrphidae, Bibionidae (Diptera) and Muscidae (Diptera), including species with both widths smaller than 3.5 mm, harbour large quantities of Pyrus pollen grains, in addition to Apis mellifera (Apidae) with both widths greater than 3.5 mm. Consequently, the families Andrenidae, Apidae, Halictidae and Syrphidae might be the most important insect families for Japanese pear pollination. However, species identification of the flower‐visiting insects showed no common key species that contribute remarkably to pollination services other than A. mellifera. Consecutive insect collection using plastic vials and sticky traps demonstrated that compositions of the flower‐visiting insects are fluctuating continuously in the orchards. Nevertheless, year‐to‐year fluctuation of the fruit‐set ratio was less pronounced in open‐pollinated orchards than in hand‐pollinated orchards. These results suggest that mutual complementation among diverse pollinator species might be the mechanism underlying open Japanese pear insect pollination.
ABO blood group does not influence Child‐Pugh A cirrhosis outcome: An observational study from CIRRAL and ANRS CO12 CIRVIR cohorts
Authors: Ollivier‐Hourmand Isabelle , Repesse Yohann , Nahon Pierre , Chaffaut Cendrine , Dao Thông , Nguyen Thi Thu Nga , Marcellin Patrick , Roulot Dominique , De Ledinghen Victor , Pol Stanislas , Guyader Dominique , Archambeaud Isabelle , Zoulim Fabien , Oberti Frédéric , Tran Albert , Bronowicki Jean‐Pierre , D'Alteroche Louis , Ouzan Denis , Peron Jean‐Marie , Zarski Jean‐Pierre , Bourliere Marc , Larrey Dominique , Louvet Alexandre , Cales Paul , Abergel Armand , Mathurin Philippe , Mallat Ariane , Blanc Jean‐Frederic , Nguyen‐Khac Eric , Riachi Ghassan , Alric Laurent , Serfaty Lawrence , Antonini Teresa , Moreno Christophe , Attali Pierre , Thabut Dominique , Pilette Christophe , Grange Jean‐Didier , Silvain Christine , Carbonell Nicolas , Bernard‐Chabert Brigitte , Goria Odile , Wartelle Claire , Moirand Romain , Christidis Christos , Perlemuter Gabriel , Ozenne Violaine , Henrion Jean , Hillaire Sophie , Di Martino Vincent , Amiot Xavier , Sutton Angela , Barget Nathalie , Chevret Sylvie , Ganne‐Carrie Nathalie ,   and the ANRS CO12 CIRVIR, CIRRAL groups
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsNon‐O blood group promotes deep vein thrombosis and liver fibrosis in both general population and hepatitis C. We aimed to evaluate the influence of Non‐O group on the outcome of Child‐Pugh A cirrhotic patients.MethodsWe used two prospective cohorts of Child‐Pugh A cirrhosis due to either alcohol or viral hepatitis. Primary end point was the cumulated incidence of ‘Decompensation’ at 3 years, defined as the occurrence of ascites , hydrothorax, encephalopathy, gastrointestinal bleeding related to portal hypertension, or bilirubin >45 μmol/L. Secondary end points were the cumulated incidences of (1) ‘Disease Progression’ including a « decompensation» or « the occurrence of one or more parameters » among: prothrombin time (PT) <45%, albumin <28 g/L, Child‐Pugh worsening (B or C vs A or B, C vs B), hepatorenal syndrome, and hepato‐pulmonary syndrome, (2) other events such as non‐malignant portal vein thrombosis (nmPVT), and (3) overall survival.ResultsPatients (n = 1789; 59.9% Non‐O group; 40.1% group O) were followed during a median of 65.4 months. At 3 years cumulated incidence of Decompensation was 8.3% in Non‐O group and 7.2% in group O (P = .27). Cumulated incidence of Disease Progression was 20.7% in Non‐O group and 18.9% in group O (P = .26). Cumulated incidence of nmPVT was 2.7% in Non‐O group and 2.8% in group O (P = .05). At 3 years overall survival was 92.4% in Non‐O group and 93.4% in group O (P = 1).ConclusionNon‐O group does not influence disease outcome in Child‐Pugh A cirrhotic patients.Clinicals trial number NCT03342170.
Shared Relations: Trauma and Kinship in the Afterlife of Death
Authors: Lloyd Stephanie , Larivée Alexandre 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSince 2013, we have studied the logic and narratives of an environmental epigenetics research team that studies the correlations between early childhood adversity (ECA), specific biomarkers, and suicide risk. Within this research program, kin of the deceased participate in psychological autopsies, which researchers use to establish to classify the deceased within a typology of suicide with or without abuse. We focus on the words of these family respondents and their reflections on the life and death of their loved ones, and life after that death, to consider the slippery, transgressive, and relational character of trauma and its effects. Studies of the residues of past experiences provide crucial insights into the complex, unpredictable, and unsettled nature of kin relations. These relations are based in entwined biographies of the living and the dead and illustrate the holds that people have on each other and destabilize biomedical models of individualized trajectories of suicide risk. [suicide, psychological autopsies, trauma, care, kinship]
Physical assessment skills practised by critical care nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rosli Syeril Nadia , Soh Kim Lam , Ong Swee Leong , Halain Azura Abdul , Abdul Raman Rosna , Soh Kim Geok 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPhysical assessment skills are essential to clinical decision‐making in nursing as they help nurses to identify and respond to patients' deterioration. Nurses develop confidence and can detect any out‐of‐range parameters in diagnosing and treating patients. Prior studies surveyed 120 skills but did not explicitly assess critical care.AimTo determine the range of physical assessment skills practised by critical care nurses and their adoption factors.Study designThis study uses a cross‐sectional survey design. A self‐administered questionnaire evaluating 40 physical assessment skills was conducted with 133 staff nurses (response rate: 96.4%) in three critical care units at a Malaysian government hospital between November 2019 and January 2020.ResultsMost nurses applied 32 (80%) skills during every working shift, involving the vital signs and all body systems except the gastrointestinal system. Five skills (12.5%) were occasionally applied, while three skills (7.5%) were rarely applied or not part of most nurses' clinical practice. About 20% of the nurses did not routinely check the respiration rate. Medical and surgical intensive care unit nurses (U = 1129, p < .001) and nurses who had served over 10 years (H (2) = 9.60, p = .008) used more physical assessment skills than others. Nurses felt that continuing nursing education, participating in relevant courses and implementing standardised forms to record physical assessments would improve the application of such skills.ConclusionClinical practice in these critical care settings challenges the assertion that physical assessment is vital to critical care nursing roles. Concerns highlighted by the nurses should be addressed by nursing management so that the application of physical assessment skills can be enhanced, especially in critical care settings.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe findings indicated that physical assessment skills in critical care need to be improved. Education and training should emphasise these skills.
Adapting for sustainability: Ensuring provision of research skills development for undergraduate medical students
Authors: Haugh Meg , O'Tuathaigh Colm 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Covid‐19 pandemic forced undergraduate medical students and staff to adapt and adjust to new strategies for conducting research. The aim of this study was to investigate its impact on student research opportunities across Irish and UK medical schools and how these programmes have responded, both in terms of innovation and practical solutions.MethodsA 17‐item online mixed methods survey was distributed to academic staff across 31 Irish and UK medical schools. Participants were asked about (a) the effect of the pandemic on undergraduate research teaching and project opportunities, (b) measures taken to mitigate pandemic effects on these curricular elements. Descriptive analysis was used to summarise quantitative data, and free‐text responses were thematically grouped.FindingsWe received a 66.74% (n = 21) response rate to our survey. Over 75% of respondents stated that the availability of clinical research, lab‐based research, summer research programmes and QI/clinical audit projects was negatively impacted by Covid‐19. Mitigation strategies included adaptation and adjustment in design of research projects; migration to online content delivery and collaborative platforms; virtualisation of research dissemination opportunities; increased workload for staff involved in delivery of research programmes; flexibility around assessment of research‐based assignments; and importance of open communication.Discussion and conclusionsCovid‐19 has affected traditional clinical research opportunities for medical students, particularly patient‐facing projects, as well as laboratory‐based research options. Mitigation strategies included the introduction of time‐ and cost‐efficient virtual data collection methods. Some of these innovations have potential for ongoing and future development, but others are short‐term responsive solutions that may prove less sustainable.
Initial Results on a New Light-Duty 2.7-L Opposed-Piston Gasoline Compression Ignition Multi-Cylinder Engine
Authors: Salvi Ashwin , Hanson Reed , Zermeno Rodrigo , Regner Gerhard , Sellnau Mark , Redon Fabien 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) is a cost-effective approach to achieving diesel-like efficiencies with low emissions. The fundamental architecture of the two-stroke Achates Power Opposed-Piston (OP) Engine enables GCI by decoupling piston motion from cylinder scavenging, allowing for flexible and independent control of cylinder residual fraction and temperature leading to improved low-load combustion. In addition, the high peak cylinder pressure and noise challenges at high-load operation are mitigated by the lower brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) operation and faster heat release for the same pressure rise rate of the OP Engine. These advantages further solidify the performance benefits of the OP Engine and demonstrate the near-term feasibility of advanced combustion technologies, enabled by the opposed-piston architecture. This paper presents initial results from steady-state testing on a brand new 2.7-L OP GCI multi-cylinder engine (MCE) designed for light-duty truck applications. Successful GCI operation calls for a high compression ratio (CR), leading to higher combustion stability at low loads, higher efficiencies, and lower cycle HC + NOX emissions. Initial results show a cycle average brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of 31.7%, which is already greater than 11% conventional engines, after only ten weeks of testing. Emissions results suggest that Tier 3 Bin 160 levels can be achieved using a traditional diesel after-treatment system. Combustion noise was well controlled at or below the United States Council for Automotive Research limits. In addition, initial results on catalyst light-off mode with GCI are also presented.
An Adaptive Dendrite-HDMR Metamodeling Technique for High-Dimensional Problems
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wu Yizhong , Lu Li , Qiao Ping 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
High-dimensional model representation (HDMR), decomposing the high-dimensional problem into summands of different order component terms, has been widely researched to work out the dilemma of “curse-of-dimensionality” when using surrogate techniques to approximate high-dimensional problems in engineering design. However, the available one-metamodel-based HDMRs usually encounter the predicament of prediction uncertainty, while current multi-metamodels-based HDMRs cannot provide simple explicit expressions for black-box problems, and have high computational complexity in terms of constructing the model by the explored points and predicting the responses of unobserved locations. Therefore, aimed at such problems, a new stand-alone HDMR metamodeling technique, termed as Dendrite-HDMR, is proposed in this study based on the hierarchical Cut-HDMR and the white-box machine learning algorithm, Dendrite Net. The proposed Dendrite-HDMR not only provides succinct and explicit expressions in the form of Taylor expansion but also has relatively higher accuracy and stronger stability for most mathematical functions than other classical HDMRs with the assistance of the proposed adaptive sampling strategy, named KKMC, in which k-means clustering algorithm, k-Nearest Neighbor classification algorithm and the maximum curvature information of the provided expression are utilized to sample new points to refine the model. Finally, the Dendrite-HDMR technique is applied to solve the design optimization problem of the solid launch vehicle propulsion system with the purpose of improving the impulse-weight ratio, which represents the design level of the propulsion system.
Numerical Studies for the Thermal Regime of a High-Speed Railway Tunnel Considering Piston Action on Seasonally Frozen Regions
Authors: Jiang Haiqiang , Niu Fujun , Jiang Wangtao , Cheng Li , Li Yongdong , He Junlin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Piston action describes the phenomenon that air at the train nose is pushed forward by the increased pressure and air at the train rear is drawn forward by the decreased pressure when a train passes through a tunnel. The variation of pressure changes the thermal environment inside the tunnel and promotes the frost damage generation in cold season. In this paper, a fluid-thermal-solid involving piston action is proposed. A high-speed railway tunnel that is located in the northeast of China is set in the background, and the influence of outside air temperature and train velocity on the thermal environment inside the tunnel are simulated and analyzed. The piston action can significantly change the temperature inside the tunnel, especially at the ends of tunnel. The temperature distribution is characterized by three zones, including disturbed zones at two sides of tunnel and undisturbed zone at tunnel middle. The freezing length is closely related to air temperature and train velocity. And also, the lengths are different at vault and rail of tunnel portal, which indicates that the anti-freezing measure should be different at these positions considering the cost. This paper can help us understand the temperature evolution process of tunnels under the action of piston wind and provide some guidelines for structural design of cold regional tunnels.
Head Wave Simulation of a KRISO Container Ship Model Using OpenFOAM for the Assessment of Sea Margin
Authors: Islam H. , Soares C. Guedes 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The paper presents calm water and head wave simulation results for a KRISO Container Ship (KCS) model. All simulations have been performed using the open source CFD toolkit, OpenFOAM. Initially, a systematic verification study is presented using the ITTC guideline to assess the simulation associated uncertainties. After that, a validation study is performed to assess the accuracy of the results. Next, calm water simulations are performed with sinkage and trim free conditions at varying speeds. Later, head wave simulations are performed with heave and pitch free motion. Simulations are repeated for varying wavelengths to assess the encountered added resistance by the ship in design speed. The results are validated against available experimental data. Finally, power predictions are made for both calm water and head wave cases to assess the required propulsion power. The paper tries to assess the validity of using 25% addition as sea margin over calm water prediction to consider wave encounters.
Possible association between viral infection and poor survival of the corneal graft after penetrating keratoplasty in patients with congenital corneal opacity: a cohort study
Authors: Miao Sen , Lin Qi , Li Xu , Zhao Lu , Pan Zhiqiang 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundCongenital corneal opacity (CCO) is a rare disorder. Penetrating keratoplasty (PK) is the main surgical option for CCO, but many factors affect graft survival. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a virological examination of CCO specimens after PK to explore the relationship between virological factors and graft survival after PK.MethodsThis prospective study included consecutive patients (<6 months of age) diagnosed with CCO and treated with PK at Beijing Tongren Hospital from August 2017 to January 2018. Next-generation sequencing was used to detect viral DNA in the CCO specimens. The survival of the primary graft was analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method.ResultsOverall, 24 eyes of 24 infants were treated with PK during the study period. The mean age at surgery was 4.8±1.1 months. Epstein-Barr virus DNA was detected in two specimens, varicella-zoster virus DNA in one specimen, herpes simplex virus DNA in three specimens and cytomegalovirus DNA in one specimen. In the virus-positive group, only one (14.3%) graft remained clear during follow-up. In contrast, in the virus-negative group (n=17), 13 (76.5%) grafts were still clear at the last follow-up. The mean survival of the grafts in the virus-positive group was significantly shorter than in the virus-negative group (11.0±9.8 months vs 27.1±7.7, p<0.001).ConclusionThe presence of viral DNA in CCO specimens might be associated with poor graft survival after PK.