bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for the Predator Attraction Hypothesis in an amphibian predator–prey system
Authors: Crane Adam L. , Bryshun Reid , McCormack Megan , Achtymichuk Gabrielle H. , Rivera‐Hernández Ita A. E. , Ferrari Maud C. O. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMany species possess damage‐released chemical alarm cues that function in alerting nearby individuals to a predator attack. One hypothesis for the evolution and/or maintenance of such cues is the Predator Attraction Hypothesis, where predators, rather than prey, are the “intended” recipients of these cues. If a predator attack attracts additional predators, these secondary predators might interfere with the predation event, providing the prey with a better chance to escape. In this study, we conducted two experiments to explore this hypothesis in an amphibian predator/prey system. In Experiment 1, we found that tiger salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium) showed a foraging attraction to chemical cues from wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) tadpoles. Salamanders that were experienced with tadpole prey, in particular, were strongly attracted to tadpole alarm cues. In Experiment 2, we observed experimental encounters between a tadpole and either one or two salamanders. The presence of the second predator caused salamanders to increase attack speed at the cost of decreased attack accuracy (i.e., increasing the probability that the tadpole would escape attacks). We also found that the mere presence of visual and chemical cues from a second predator did not affect this speed/accuracy trade‐off but did cause enough of a distraction to increase tadpole survival. Thus, our findings are consistent with the Predator Attraction Hypothesis for the evolution and/or maintenance of alarm cues.
Association between postural tremor and risk of disability in community‐dwelling older people
Authors: Xu Xitong , Chen Jie , Ji Shaozhen , Gu Zhuqin , Chen Meijie , Chhetri Jagadish Kumar , Chan Piu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of postural tremor increases with age and the tremor has been found to be associated with aging‐related physiological decline. However, whether postural tremor in older adults is associated with adverse outcomes such as disability is unclear. This study investigated the association between postural tremor and the risk of disability in activities of daily living (ADL) among community‐dwelling older people.MethodsData were derived from a population‐based study of Chinese adults aged ≥55 years. Postural tremor was assessed at baseline using a two‐step method (i.e., tremor screening followed by examination of positive cases). ADL disability was determined using an 8‐item questionnaire, which covered the mobility and self‐care domains of ADL. Participants free of ADL disability at baseline were followed for up to 4 years.ResultsThe prospective analyses included 5868 participants. Participants with postural tremor were at greater risk of incident ADL disability, particularly disability in the mobility domain of ADL. After multivariate adjustment, postural tremor was not significantly associated with incident ADL disability (multivariate‐adjusted relative risk [RR] = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.77–1.43), and was marginally associated with incident disability in the mobility domain of ADL (multivariate‐adjusted RR = 1.36, 95% CI = 0.98–1.88). The risk of mobility‐related ADL disability was significantly increased among men, but not women, with postural tremor (multivariate‐adjusted RR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.11–3.05). Older age and an increased number of chronic comorbidities mainly explained the higher risk of ADL disability in older people with postural tremor.ConclusionsPostural tremor in older adults is associated with greater incidence of ADL disability, particularly mobility‐related ADL disability. The association is largely due to older age and a higher prevalence of chronic comorbidities in older people with postural tremor. Postural tremor is not a strong independent predictor of ADL disability in older people.
Reviving the anatomic past: Breathing new life into historic anatomical teaching tools
Authors: Cullinane Dearbhla P. , Franklin Callum , Barry Denis S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe last two decades have seen a shift in the way anatomy education is delivered. With the introduction of blended learning, cadaveric dissection is no longer the be all and end all and, in many cases, the continuing role of anatomical teaching artefacts has declined after decades of prominence. While some institutions have abandoned their archaic anatomical collections and medical museums completely, others have invested in their technological enhancement. We describe the integration of historical teaching artefacts into contemporary anatomy education through the development of an interactive online e‐platform and shed light on the enduring pedagogic value of past anatomical teaching specimen.
Predictors of preconception health knowledge among Canadian women: A nationwide cross‐sectional study
Authors: Dennis Cindy‐Lee , Prioreschi Alessandra , Birken Catherine S. , Brennenstuhl Sarah , Brown Hilary K. , Bell Rhonda C. , Marini Flavia , Wrottesley Stephanie V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundOptimising preconception health—that is the health of women and men prior to a potential pregnancy—is increasingly recognised as fundamental to improving maternal and infant health outcomes. To date, limited research has been conducted examining preconception knowledge and studies focusing on preconception health behaviours have targeted certain behaviours, while overlooking others, with limited attention given to the interconception period and differences between multiparous and primiparous/nulliparous women.AimsTo determine predictors of preconception health knowledge among Canadian women and to examine whether parity modified the effect of predictors on preconception knowledge.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional study reported according to STROBE was undertaken from May to June 2019 in Canada with 928 women. An online questionnaire was used including the Preconception Health Knowledge Questionnaire, demographic characteristics, current health status, previous pregnancy outcomes and use of preconception care services. Ordinary least squares regression was used to model knowledge scores. Predictors were entered using theoretically driven hierarchical entry.ResultsMean age of women was 34 years and one in five were immigrants. In the final model, household income (b = .17, SE = .07; p = .009), being born outside Canada (b = −.75, SE = .25; p = .003), miscarriage/stillbirth history (b = .47, SE = .21; p = .027) and previous use of preconception care (b = .97, SE = .20, p ⟩ .001) were predictive of preconception health knowledge. Effect modification by parity was not statistically significant in the final model (f = 1.22, p = .19).DiscussionWomen at higher risk of poor preconception knowledge, and who therefore stand to gain from preconception knowledge interventions may include those who (1) are socially and economically disadvantaged; (2) have not engaged in preconception care previously and (3) were not born in Canada. Ensuring national promotion of and access to preconception care is an important strategy to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes and optimise maternal and infant health.ConclusionThis study highlights the need for national promotion of and access to preconception health care for all pregnancy‐planning families in order to improve perinatal outcomes.Relevance for clinical practiceWhen evaluating preconception health efforts, preconception health knowledge must be considered within the context of social determinants of health and individuals’ abilities to act on their knowledge.
Fall rates by specialties and risk factors for falls in acute hospital: A retrospective study
Authors: Heikkilä Anniina , Lehtonen Lasse , Junttila Kristiina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundFalls are common adverse events in acute care hospitals, and about 25–50% of fallers suffer injuries. In acute care, fall rates range from 0.4–9 falls per 1000 patient days, varying among unit types, patient characteristics, and diseases. Several risk factors have been identified, including recent falls, age, reduced mobility, cognitive ability and polypharmacy. Several countries have become an aging society in which an increasing number of older patients need acute care. Therefore, the prevention of falls has become one of the most important aspects of patient safety.Aim and DesignThis retrospective study aimed to explore adults' inpatient falls in a Finnish university hospital with several specialties. The objectives were to draw an overall picture of fall rates in Finnish acute care, and to model risk factors for falls including secondary diagnoses.MethodsThe study was conducted in a large university hospital in Finland. The data consisted of patients' electronic health records from 2014–2016 and included a total of 114,951 adult patients. Univariable and multivariable binary logistic regression model analysis was used to identify risk factors for falls and multiple imputation was used to missing data. The study reporting followed the STROBE guidelines.ResultsA total of 841 falls were recorded, totalling 1.5 falls per 1000 patient days, and the rate of falls with injury was 0.4 per 1000 patient days. The regression model included the following risk factors: increasing old age, prolonged hospital stays, specialty of neurology, mode of arrival (emergency care and hospital transfer), no operation during hospital stays and secondary diagnoses such as dementia, pneumonia and alcohol abuse.ConclusionsIn acute care, falls occur most in patients with neurological diagnoses and least in surgical patients. Risk factors for falls include increasing age, emergency arrival, hospital transfer and prolonged hospital stay.Relevance to Clinical PracticeEducational interventions to improve healthcare professionals' competence and preventive interventions to avoid inpatient falls need to be prioritized in medical specialties with high fall rates.
Clostridium difficile and other adverse events from overprescribed antibiotics for acute upper respiratory infection
Authors: Carmichael Harris , Asch Steven M. , Bendavid Eran 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines widely recommend avoiding antibiotics for many acute upper respiratory infections (aURIs) to avert adverse events in the absence of likely benefit. However, the extent of harm from these antibiotics remains a subject of debate and could inform patient‐centered decision‐making. Prior estimates finding a number needed to harm (NNH) between 8 and 10 rely on patient‐reported adverse events of any severity. In this analysis, we sought to estimate adverse events by only measuring comparatively severe events that require subsequent clinical evaluation.MethodsWe constructed a retrospective cohort, including 51 million patient encounters. Using logistic regression models, we determined the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of clinically detectable adverse events following antibiotic use compared with events among unexposed individuals with aURIs. Our outcomes included candidiasis, diarrhea, Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), and a composite outcome.FindingsFrom our analysis, 62.4% of the population received antibiotics in an aURI encounter. Observed adverse events in the antibiotic‐exposed group were 54,279 and 46,936 for diarrhea and candidiasis, respectively, yielding an aOR of 1.24 and 1.61, and an NNH of 3,126 and 1,975. Observed events of CDI in the exposed group were 30,133, and aORs of isolated CDI and combined adverse events were 1.07 and 1.30, resulting in an NNH of 17,695 and 1,150, respectively. Females were more likely to be diagnosed with any adverse event. Overall antibiotics were found to result in 5.7 additional cases of CDI per 100,000 outpatient prescriptions following an upper respiratory tract infection.InterpretationDespite higher NNH than previous methods of analysis, we find substantial iatrogenic harm associated with prescribing antibiotics in aURIs.
Strategic Practice Drift: How Open Strategy Infiltrates the Strategy Process
Authors: Stjerne Iben , Geraldi Joana , Wenzel Matthias 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper builds theory on the process of open‐strategy infiltration through an ethnographic study investigating how open strategy entered a financial services firm's strategy process behind the backs of top managers. Based on our analysis, we show how open strategy infiltrates the strategy process through a ‘strategic practice drift’, i.e., a gradual and partly unnoticed shift towards open strategy that occurs through ‘accommodating’ and ‘legitimizing’ the performance of transparency and inclusion in the strategy process. We show how the ‘goal‐based ambiguity’ and ‘procedural certainty’ of initiatives that latently imply the performance of transparency and inclusion in the strategy process enable open‐strategy infiltration. Furthermore, we show how top managers' ‘goal‐based rationalization’ and ‘procedural renegotiation’ of practising transparency and inclusion contribute to the eventual reproduction of open strategy in the strategy process. Our model generates an understanding of how and why open strategy can enter the strategy process behind the backs of top managers and adds nuance to extant understandings of the role of top managers in this process. In addition, our findings contribute to research on strategy as practice by theorizing ‘strategic practice drifts’ and extending our understanding of the role of ambiguity therein.
Problem Solving or Responsibility Avoidance? The Role of CEO Internal Attribution Tendency in Shaping Corporate Downsizing in Response to Performance Shortfalls
Authors: Shi Wei , Chen Guoli , Li Boshuo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study examines how CEOs' internal attribution tendency – to attribute an observed outcome to internal factors – shapes the extent to which corporate downsizing activities are driven by performance shortfalls. Despite the known effectiveness of downsizing in creating leaner organizations and enhancing firm performance, CEOs often avoid it as it runs counter to their own interests. Applying the awareness‐motivation‐capability (AMC) framework, we argue that CEOs' internal attribution tendency influences their awareness of responsibility for performance shortfalls, and ultimately whether they engage in downsizing actions in response to such shortfalls. This effect becomes more salient when CEOs have the motivation (e.g., scrutiny from financial analysts) or capability (e.g., the existence of an unfavourable external environment) to avoid taking such responsibility. Using a sample of 2424 US firms, we find support for our arguments. Our study highlights the importance of CEO internal attribution tendency in explaining whether firms resort to downsizing actions to address performance shortfalls.
Towards Stronger Causal Claims in Management Research: Causal Triangulation Instead of Causal Identification
Authors: Cornelissen Joep , Kaandorp Mariëtte 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article addresses widespread concerns about the reliability and strength of many causal claims made in management research. We first critically review the three prevalent forms of theorizing used to identify causal relationships in this field, i.e., propositional, configurational, and process approaches to causation. Highlighting the strengths and limitations of these approaches, we show that while no single approach is sufficient by itself as the basis for robust causal claims, researchers can nonetheless enhance and strengthen claims significantly by combining approaches and thus subjecting them to multiple criteria for drawing robust inferences. We emphasize the risks of continuing with narrow monolithic approaches, using examples of weak claims to show how these could have been strengthened (or abandoned) if the researchers had followed our proposed model of causal triangulation. Finally, we elucidate the practical benefits for management researchers and stakeholders in society of adopting this theoretically pluralistic approach to causation.
So you think you are an ally? Effects of (in)congruence between men's self‐perceptions and women's perceptions of men's values and allyship on women's inclusion and vitality
Authors: Warren Meg A. , Schwam Allison 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs public consciousness of sexism is increasing in the workplace (e.g., #MeToo movement), labelling oneself as an ally (e.g., UN HeforShe campaign) is becoming more socially desirable for men. However, do women agree with such men in their assessments of being allies? Importantly, how does women's agreement (or not) with men's self‐assessments of allyship affect women's inclusion‐relevant outcomes? Using a multi‐informant design and data from 101 men–women colleague pairs, this study considered men's self‐perceptions and women's other‐reports of men's key allyship‐relevant characteristics—justice, moral courage, civility and allyship. Polynomial regression and response surface analyses revealed differential impacts of (in)congruence between men's and women's perceptions on women's sense of inclusion and vitality. Simply, when women perceived men as higher (or the same) in justice, moral courage and civility than men reported themselves, it positively predicted women's outcomes. This suggests that humble self‐presentation by men on characteristics that are parallel to allyship (but not allyship) may be ideal. Yet, both under‐ and overestimation by men on allyship itself predicted poorer outcomes for women, suggesting that the ideal is for men to have an accurate assessment of their own strengths and weaknesses as an ally.
Boundaries for career success? How work–home integration and perceived supervisor expectation affect careers
Authors: Unger Dana , Kornblum Angelika , Grote Gudela , Hirschi Andreas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe necessity to actively manage the work–home boundaries has drastically increased. We postulate that work–home integration may affect individuals' subjective career success via its positive effects on work goal attainment and exhaustion. Furthermore, we study perceived supervisor expectation for employee work–home integration as a boundary condition. Our three‐wave online survey with 371 employees showed support for the two hypothesized moderated mediation effects. Work–home integration preference is indirectly related to subjective career success: (1) positively via home‐to‐work transitions and work goal attainment and (2) negatively via home‐to‐work transitions and exhaustion. Perceived supervisor expectation constrained work–home integration preference's direct effect on home‐to‐work transitions and indirect effects on subjective career success. Exploratory analysis revealed that exhaustion negatively affected all career success dimensions, whereas work goal attainment was only related to some. Our results indicate that supervisor expectation can override the effect of employee's work–home integration preference on home‐to‐work transitions which have a double‐edged sword effect on subjective career success. Our study contributes to integrating the careers and work–life interface literature and incorporating contextual factors. Furthermore, with the exploration of differential effects on subjective career success, we advance our understanding of this outcome's nomological network.
Development of a competency framework for the Assistant Wellbeing Practitioner (Renal) role
Authors: Farrand Paul , Hamilton Alexander , Strickland Sam 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundMany people with kidney disease experience comorbid mental health difficulties that result in worse physical health outcomes alongside greater personal, treatment and societal costs.ProblemWorkforce expansion to treat comorbid mental health difficulties has focussed on psychological practitioners. This fails to capitalise on benefits arising from embedding roles to address biopsychosocial outcomes directly within the renal specialty. A competency framework to inform development and training for such a role has not been developed.MethodsFive‐phase process to develop a competency framework for an Assistant Wellbeing Practitioner (Renal) role. Following identification of competency frameworks for roles in psychological practice, health and social care, relevant competencies were synthesised to create a draft competency framework. This framework was revised through consultation events with professionals associated with the renal specialty and Kidney Patient Involvement Network with the framework informing a competency map.ResultsThe competency map comprised three categories—Knowledge, Values and Principles, Core Skills and Meta‐Competencies with specific competencies for an assistant practitioner role to work within the renal specialty identified. Core knowledge and skills included awareness of kidney treatments and common psychosocial difficulties, collaborative care and supporting evidence‐based prevention approaches.ConclusionsCompetencies associated with the Assistant Wellbeing Practitioner (Renal) role have the potential to promote mental wellbeing, better physical health and generate social and economic benefits. The competency map can inform training and role evaluation, although addressing implementation issues associated with commissioning physical and mental healthcare is required.
Temporal drivers of textural complexity: A pilot study and analysis of simultaneous temporal dominance of sensations and temporal textural complexity data
Authors: Patterson Niamh M. , James Bryony J. , Gant Nicholas , Hautus Michael J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the applicability of simultaneous methodologies to describe dynamic textural complexity. In a simultaneous task, temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) and temporal textural complexity (TTC) were performed in one session (n = 17). A further 18 participants performed TDS and TTC on separate occasions; data from the simultaneous and separate session were then compared. A further aim was to investigate the temporal nature of textural complexity—temporal drivers of textural complexity were examined, as well as ratings of textural complexity across time. Regression modeling and multivariate analyses indicated little difference in how the participants in the simultaneous and separate tasks performed; only minor differences in the use of TDS attributes were noted. Positive drivers included texture contrast and crumbly/particles, while smooth was a negative driver. Significant differences in TTC data separated into three time intervals were found; a trend of increasing textural complexity during mastication until a midway point followed by a decline emerged. Further research with larger samples is needed to support these findings. However, for the first time this work supports the use of simultaneous tasks in sensory evaluation and indicates the importance of temporality in direct ratings of complexity.Practical applicationsSimultaneous tasks are not commonly used in sensory evaluation, this research suggests their applicability and value; ultimately they may save time and money in research and product development. Direct ratings of sensory complexity are often reported prior to or after descriptive temporal evaluation; this may underestimate true perceived complexity, indicating the importance of considering temporal measures. Sensory complexity is considered an important sensory construct given its arousal potential; thus, identification of drivers of complexity may inform product development.