bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial action and target mechanisms of zinc oxide nanoparticles against bacterial pathogens
Authors: Mendes Carolina Rosai , Dilarri Guilherme , Forsan Carolina Froes , Sapata Vinícius de Moraes Ruy , Lopes Paulo Renato Matos , de Moraes Peterson Bueno , Montagnolli Renato Nallin , Ferreira Henrique , Bidoia Ederio Dino 
Published: February 2022

AbstractZinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are one of the most widely used nanoparticulate materials due to their antimicrobial properties, but their main mechanism of action (MOA) has not been fully elucidated. This study characterized ZnO NPs by using X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs against the clinically relevant bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the Gram-positive model Bacillus subtilis was evaluated by performing resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) after exposure to the ZnO NPs at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 1.4 mM. Sensitivity was observed at 0.6 mM for the Gram-negative and 1.0 mM for the Gram-positive cells. Fluorescence microscopy was used to examine the interference of ZnO NPs on the membrane and the cell division apparatus of B. subtilis (amy::pspac-ftsZ-gfpmut1) expressing FtsZ-GFP. The results showed that ZnO NPs did not interfere with the assembly of the divisional Z-ring. However, 70% of the cells exhibited damage in the cytoplasmic membrane after 15 min of exposure to the ZnO NPs. Electrostatic forces, production of Zn2+ ions and the generation of reactive oxygen species were described as possible pathways of the bactericidal action of ZnO. Therefore, understanding the bactericidal MOA of ZnO NPs can potentially help in the construction of predictive models to fight bacterial resistance.
Feasibility analysis of novel Maglev EDM by comparing with conventional micro EDM
Authors: Sisodiya Mangal Singh , Shukla Shashank , Bajpai Vivek 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEDM is the most popular unconventional machining process. The present technology of EDM consists of a pulsed or capacitive type power supply in which the pulsed type power supply is more popular and effective. The following essential component of an EDM is its servo mechanism, which controls the gap between the electrodes and maintains the gap voltage. A low machining speed, complex power supply, and servo mechanism increase the cost of machining and the maintenance cost of an EDM machine. To resolve the above issues from the EDM, a novel servo mechanism has been developed, which is simple in design and low in cost and has the capacity to use direct current as a power source. The current work elaborates a brief description of the novel servo mechanism and its feasibility analysis. Pure DC power is employed with the conjunction of Maglev lucidity to refine the shortcomings of conventional micro EDM. The novel technology addresses the prime concerns of conventional micro EDMs and deficiencies such as the delayed response of mechanical actuators and a servo mechanism. The novel technology uses the logical arrangement of permanent magnets and electromagnets to address inadequacies such as short circuiting and arcing. The work outlook is to establish the viability of the novel Maglev EDM by a comparison with a similar range of parameters. The results on the novel technology showed an improved material removal rate (MRR), which was in the range of 76.6 μgm/min, whereas the specific energy and surface roughness were 33.4 Joule/microgram and 4.3 μm, respectively, while machining commercially pure titanium.
Disentangling surface atomic motions from surface field effects in ultrafast low-energy electron diffraction
Authors: Lee Chiwon , Marx Alexander , Kassier Günther H. , Miller R. J. Dwayne 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUltrafast low-energy electron diffraction holds potential to provide atomic level details to the surface dynamics controlling processes from surface chemistry to exotic collective effects. Accessing the primary timescales requires subpicosecond excitation pulses to prepare the corresponding nonequilibrium state. The needed excitation for maximum contrast above background invariably leads to photoinduced electron emission with the creation of surface fields that affect diffraction and must be quantified to recover the key structural dynamics. Using 2 keV ultrashort low-energy electron bunches, we investigate this field effect on the ensuing electron distribution in projection imaging and diffraction as a function of excitation intensity. Using a structural model, we demonstrate a quantitative separation of the surface field effect on electron diffraction, enabling isolation of the structural dynamics of interest. Particle trajectory simulations provide insight into the correlation between geometrical characteristics of the charge separated region and the corresponding intensity modulation at the detector.
Systematic Physical Assistance During Intervention for People Who Use High-Tech Augmentative and Alternative Communication Systems: The Importance of Using a Common Vocabulary
Authors: Bean Allison , Williams Whitney , Cargill Lindsey Paden , Lyle Samantha , Sonntag Amy Miller 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) use prompting hierarchies to facilitate learning and monitor treatment progress. When working with people who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), SLPs typically use physical assistance to prompt motor learning. However, there is currently no standardization regarding the number of physical prompting levels or an operational definition for each prompting level. Clinicians and researchers may be working from different definitions; making treatment progress monitoring and intervention effectiveness comparisons across research studies is problematic.

Method:

The purpose of this article is to illustrate the advantage of using the language in the Functional Independence Measure
SM
(FIM; Deutsch et al., 1996) to describe the level of physical assistance provided during AAC intervention and AAC intervention research for individuals who use high-tech AAC systems.

Results:
Standardizing the level of physical assistance will provide important information regarding AAC learning that researchers may use as they continue to study the active ingredients of AAC intervention. Furthermore, standardizing the descriptions of physical assistance levels will enable clinicians to accurately describe a learner's performance.

Conclusion:
This article describes how the language used in the FIM may be used by SLPs to provide a consistent, continuous, and systematic approach to fading the physical assistance used during AAC intervention to ultimately support independent use of high-tech AAC systems.
Empirische Erfassung patient*innenberichteter Merkmale: PROMs und PREMs
Authors: Rogge Alizé A. , Fischer Felix , Otto Lisa , Rose Matthias 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungAuskünfte von Patient*innen über die eigene Lebensqualität, Erfahrungen in der Versorgung sowie individuelle Einschätzungen zu Therapieverläufen und -ergebnissen gewinnen zunehmend an
Bedeutung. Patient*innenberichtete Merkmale können sich auf subjektive Informationen zur eigenen Gesundheit (Patient-reported Outcome Measures [PROMs]) oder auf objektive Informationen zur
Erfahrung während des Behandlungsprozesses (Patient-reported Experience Measures [PREMs]) beziehen. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede von PROMs
und PREMs. Anschließend werden Möglichkeiten zur Erfassung von PROMs und PREMs vorgestellt und hierbei ein Einblick in die probabilistische Testtheorie (Item-Response-Theory) sowie in das
computeradaptive Testen gegeben. Am Beispiel von nationalen und internationalen Initiativen wird die Umsetzung von PROMs und PREMs in Gesundheitssystemen dargestellt und zukünftige
Implementierungsstrategien innerhalb eines Ausblicks diskutiert.
Changes in Endocan and Dermatan Sulfate Are Associated with Biomechanical Properties of Abdominal Aortic Wall during Aneurysm Expansion and Rupture
Authors: Metschl Susanne , Bruder Lukas , Paloschi Valentina , Jakob Katharina , Reutersberg Benedikt , Reeps Christian , Maegdefessel Lars , Gee Michael , Eckstein Hans-Henning , Pelisek Jaroslav 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background and Aims The study aimed to assess the potential of proteoglycans (PGs) and collagens as serological biomarkers in the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Furthermore, we investigated the underlying mechano-biological interactions and signaling pathways.
Methods Tissue and serum samples from patients with ruptured AAA (rAAA; n = 29), elective AAA (eAAA; n = 78), and healthy individuals (n = 8) were evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and mechanical properties were assessed by tensile tests. Regulatory pathways were determined by membrane-based sandwich immunoassay.
Results In AAA samples, collagen type I and III (Col1 and Col3), chondroitin sulfate, and dermatan sulfate (DS) were significantly increased compared with controls (3.0-, 3.2-, 1.3-, and 53-fold; p < 0.01). Col1 and endocan were also elevated in the serum of AAA patients (3.6- and 6.0-fold; p < 0.01), while DS was significantly decreased (2.5-fold; p < 0.01). Histological scoring showed increased total PGs and focal accumulation in rAAA compared with eAAA. Tissue β-stiffness was higher in rAAA compared with eAAA (2.0-fold, p = 0.02). Serum Col1 correlated with maximum tensile force and failure tension (r = 0.448 and 0.333; p < 0.01, and r = 0.02), tissue endocan correlated with α-stiffness (r = 0.340; p < 0.01). Signaling pathways in AAA were associated with extracellular matrix synthesis and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. In particular, Src family kinases and platelet-derived growth factor- and epidermal growth factor-related proteins seem to be involved.
Conclusion Our findings reveal a structural association between collagen and PGs and their response to changes in mechanical loads in AAA. Particularly Col1 and endocan reflect the mechano-biological conditions of the aortic wall also in the patient's serum and might serve for AAA risk stratification.
A Review of Brucella endocarditis
Authors: Tammiraju Iragavarapu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Brucella endocarditis is one of the rare, life-threatening complications of a multisystemic zoonotic disease, brucellosis. Careful history taking, clinical examinations, and detailed laboratory tests with special culture media in endemic zones help in diagnosis of this latent disease. No consensus on the exact management of this disease has reached till now. Hence, both medical management and surgical interventions in selective cases were the treatment of choice. This article provides a review of the earlier literature on Brucella endocarditis.
Associação de sintomas ansiosos e depressivos em pacientes com capsulite adesiva
Authors: Fernandes Marcos Rassi , Borges Renner Santos , Ribeiro Caio José Faleiro , Sequeira Mateus Teodoro 
Published: February 2022

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar a associação entre sintomas ansiosos e depressivos em pacientes com capsulite adesiva.
Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado em centro único de um hospital terciário com pacientes portadores de capsulite adesiva secundária. O grupo controle não apresentava doença do ombro, tireoidopatias e nem ansiedade e/ou depressão. O instrumento utilizado foi a escala hospitalar de ansiedade e depressão. A análise da covariância foi utilizada para comparação dos escores do Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS, na sigla em inglês) entre os grupos. O nível de significância foi de 5%.
Resultados A amostra final foi de 17 pacientes (caso) e 27 (controle). Os dados amostrais apresentaram distribuição normal por meio do teste de Shapiro-Wilk (p > 0,05). A instrumento HADS com pontuação > 0,70 (alfa de Cronbach) se mostrou confiável e com boa consistência interna. Os pacientes com capsulite adesiva, no quesito “sintomas ansiosos” (p = 0,019), relataram sintomas no patamar de “duvidosos” (média/desvio padrão = 8,88/4,50). Eles não apresentaram “sintomas depressivos” (média/desvio padrão = 6,41/3,69), apesar do p = 0,015.
Conclusão Existe uma associação positiva “duvidosa” entre sintomas ansiosos e capsulite adesiva, mas negativa para sintomas depressivos.
Cadmium and lead excess differently affect growth, photosynthetic activity and nutritional status of Trigonella foenum-graecum L.
Authors: Melki Fadwa , Talbi Zribi Ons , Jeder Sabrine , Louati Faten , Nouairi Issam , Mhadhbi Haythem , Zribi Kais 
Published: February 2022

Context Heavy metal contamination of soils is a serious environmental problem worldwide. Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are considered among the most important types of pollutants. Aim To investigate the response of a local fenugreek cultivar against lead and cadmium. Methods Physiological changes were studied under different concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 μM) of PbCl2 and CdCl2. Key results Fenugreek growth decreased gradually with increasing Cd and Pb supply. This decrease was accompanied by a gradual decline in shoot and root length and photosynthetic parameters. However, Cd treatments showed pronounced effects in fenugreek seedlings as compared to Pb. The tolerance index was between 0.41 and 0.81, which suggests relative tolerance of this cultivar to Pb and Cd. This species was also able to maintain stable water status. Nevertheless, in presence of high Cd concentration (400 μM), this species showed substantial decrease in CO2 assimilation (86%), transpiration rate (87%), stomatal conductance (57%), chlorophyll content (35%) and carotenoid content (53%). Shoot proline content was increased significantly under 200 and 300 μM Cd, and slightly under 100 and 200 μM Pb. Furthermore, Cd and Pb induced a decrease in shoot magnesium and phosphorus content. Conversely, shoot iron content was increased. Data showed that fenugreek accumulated Cd, and translocated to the harvestable parts (up to 20 mg/kg DW under 400 μM). However, Pb was mostly accumulated in roots. Conclusions Our results revealed that the relative tolerance of fenugreek to Pb excess was coupled to a remarkable accumulation of this element in root, which favourite the phytostabilisation process. Implications FM, FL, SJ and OTZ execute the manipulation and the culture of plants. FM, OTZ, IN and KZ analyse and examine obtained results. FM, OTZ and KZ write and preparethe manuscript. IN, HM and KZ prepare the conception and the realisation ofthis work.
Names in the Frisian linguistic landscape
Authors: Gorter Durk 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this contribution about the study of linguistic landscapes, the focus is on the use of names in a case-study of the province of Fryslân. Signage, in particular names, can be a visible marker of the multilingualism of a region or a city. Based upon the model “Multilingual Inequality in Public Spaces” (MIPS), an analysis is presented in five steps of policy processes, the production of signage, the meaning and characteristics of signs, as well as their perception and use by people. The conclusion is that in Fryslân the number of signs that include Frisian is so low that it is hardly noticeable. The linguistic landscape is obviously not a reflection of the sociolinguistic situation. Overall, the study shows that the analysis of the linguistic landscape can lead to new insights into the role of names in the environment.
“For Preservation of the Frisian Legacy”
Authors: Kleih Robert 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The American-Frisian bulletin Frisian Roundtable was published between 1975 and 1986 in New York City. Above all, the magazine tried to raise a ‘Frisian awareness’ especially among the North Frisian emigrants in the US which finds its expression in the areas of culture, identity and origin. In my paper I describe what the intentions of the two North Frisian editors were with the Frisian Roundtable. Against this background, particular attention is given to the concept of (North)Frisian identity (in general and for the North Frisian emigrant community in the US), as developed in the magazine. The meaning of the languages used and their mode of usage for the fulfillment of the self-imposed tasks of the Frisian Roundtable are also examined.
Standardisierung im Nordfriesischen
Authors: Langer Nils 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article discusses the effect of standardisation on language ownership. Starting with examples from German, it reflects on how the verticalisation of linguistic varieties in the Early Modern period resulted in the separation of correct / incorrect linguistic variants, depending on whether they were included in or excluded from the newly emerged standard German. Thus, speakers who continued to use ‘incorrect’ features, lost ownership of their mother tongue and their language use was considered unsophisticated and bad. In a striking parallel, the same can be witnessed for Modern North Frisian, where grammatical features have become marked as alien or incorrect by self-appointed norm authorities. The current process of standardising North Frisian demonstrates the same verticalisation as German in the past and may result in the same separation of two types of native speakers: those who own the language and can adjudicate on correct language and those who simply speak it.
Hoekstra, Hoeksma, Hoeksema
Authors: Nübling Damaris 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The German Surname Atlas captures Frisian surnames only marginally because of their regional occurrence, yet is able to identify nationwide phenomena. This article deals with West, East and North Frisian surnames in Germany and focuses on their specific forms and patterns. While East and North Frisian names are autochthonal, the West Frisian names are due to immigration. Hoekstra, with the typically West Frisian suffix -stra, is one of the most frequent surnames of this type in Germany. The article examines many cases of onymic morphology and shows that, over the centuries, a broad spectrum of anthroponymic suffixes has developed via re-analytical processes.
Dietrich Hofmann und die Anfänge der Nordfriesischen Wörterbuchstelle in Kiel
Authors: Riecken Claas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The North Frisian Dictionary Centre at the University of Kiel has been in existence since 1950. At first it was part of the Department of Scandinavian Studies, whose directors Hans Kuhn and Dietrich Hofmann were also in charge of it, Kuhn from 1950 to 1974 and Hofmann from 1974 to 1978. When Bo Sjölin became the first professor of Frisian Studies in Kiel, he was also responsible for the Dictionary Centre until his retirement in 1997. There then followed a two-year vacancy until Jarich Hoekstra became professor of Frisian Studies and head of the Centre in 1999. The author has long been working on the history of Frisian Studies and asked Dietrich Hofmann (1923–1998) to tell him about the beginning of the North Frisian Dictionary Centre. Hofmann did this in a letter, 14 pages long, in 1996. Now that this letter is about a quarter of a century old, parts of it are being published here for their historical interest.
Multi-antenna GNSS tight combination attitude determination in the urban environment
Authors: Zhao Wenhao , Liu Genyou , Gao Ming , Hu Shengjun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
It is a challenging task to determine dynamic vehicle attitude using a single-frequency single-epoch multi-antenna global navigation satellite system (GNSS). In the urban environment, the number of visible satellites drops sharply due to the occlusion of trees and tall buildings, hence it is difficult to obtain the high-precision attitude of vehicles using only a multi-antenna GNSS. The GNSS tight combination algorithm selects the same reference satellite between different systems, and can effectively increase the number of observation equations after eliminating the inter-system bias, to improve the attitude accuracy of vehicles in complex environments. Compared with the loose combination algorithm, which selects reference satellites separately between different systems, the tight combination algorithm can further improve the locatable performance when there are fewer satellites. Dynamic vehicle experiments were carried out in an open environment and a complex environment, respectively, using the GPS/BDS/GALILEO three-system single-frequency and single-epoch positioning mode. The results show that the tight combination algorithm and the loose combination algorithm have the same accuracy when there are enough visible satellites in the open environment. In a complex environment, with a cut-off elevation angle of 40°, the percentage of pitch angle error, yaw angle error and roll angle error within 2° increased by 6.1%, 8.07% and 13.43%, respectively, and the ambiguity fixed rate was increased by 14.78%.
Some specific wormhole solutions in f(R, T) gravity
Authors: Ilyas M , Athar A R 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this research, we considered a specific model in the framework of f(R, T) gravity to investigate the feasibility of wormhole geometries coupled with the relativistic configurations of matter, where T stands for the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. In order to evaluate this, we examine different energy conditions (ECs) by considering static space-time geometry which is spherically symmetric and by supposing a specific matter configuration and sequence of shape functions (β(r)). We analyzed wormhole models in the background of the equilibrium state by using an anisotropic fluid, and then presented our findings in a graphical format. The quantities of extra curvature generated by f(R, T) gravity could be understood as a gravitational entity that supports these astrophysical wormhole scenarios, which are non-standard. Our results suggest that, for certain zones in the parameters space, wormholes could arise in the presence of isotropic fluid and a conservative modification of GR as

f
(
R
,
T
)
=
R
+
α
γ

1
+

R

2

γ

2

−
q

−
1

+
λ
T

, without requiring exotic matter.
An indirect approach for quantum-mechanical eigenproblems: duality transforms
Authors: Chen Yu-Jie , Li Shi-Lin , Li Wen-Du , Dai Wu-Sheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We suggest an indirect approach for solving eigenproblems in quantum mechanics. Unlike the usual method, this method is not a technique for solving differential equations. There exists a duality among potentials in quantum mechanics. The first example is the Newton–Hooke duality revealed by Newton in Principia. Potentials that are dual to each other form a duality family consisting of infinite numbers of family members. If one potential in a duality family is solved, the solutions of all other potentials in the family can be obtained by duality transforms. Instead of directly solving the eigenequation of a given potential, we turn to solve one of its dual potentials which is easier to solve. The solution of the given potential can then be obtained from the solution of this dual potential by a duality transform. The approach is as follows: first to construct the duality family of the given potential, then to find a dual potential which is easier to solve in the family and solve it, and finally to obtain the solution of the given potential by the duality transform. In this paper, as examples, we solve exact solutions for general polynomial potentials.