bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The attitudes and beliefs of the child protection workforce and why they matter to children who live with violence
Authors: Alexander Kate , Humphreys Cathy , Wise Sarah , Zhou Albert 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn Australia, like other developed countries, there has been an increase in reports to child protection services about children experiencing domestic violence. While there is research on the importance of the skills and knowledge of the child protection workforce for this growing problem, little is available about practitioner attitudes and beliefs. This paper presents findings on research undertaken in New South Wales, which is the most populated state in Australia. The research considered the attitudes and beliefs of the statutory child protection workforce about domestic violence. It relied on a large‐scale survey of 1041 child protection practitioners. In order to compare the attitudes and beliefs of child protection workforce with those of the general community, the survey replicated questions from the Australian National Community Attitudes towards Violence against Women Surveys. Overall, the attitudes and beliefs of the workforce more closely reflected contemporary theory and evidence about domestic violence than those of the community. The research also examined variations in the attitudes and beliefs of the child protection workforce according to practitioner characteristics, finding variations by gender. The implications for the fields of child protection and social work are discussed.
Cardiac remodelling in association with left ventricular dyssynchrony and systolic dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Hämäläinen Hanna , Laitinen Tiina M. , Hedman Marja , Hedman Antti , Kivelä Antti , Laitinen Tomi P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), ischaemic cardiomyopathy may result in progressive cardiac remodelling and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) can be used to quantify LV size and shape, mechanical dyssynchrony (LVMD) and ejection fraction (EF) as well as myocardial ischaemia and injury extents. We investigated the prevalence of LV remodelling (LVR) in patients with CAD and the relationship between LVR, LVMD and EF.MethodsThree hundred twenty‐six patients with CAD were evaluated. The EF and end‐diastolic volume (EDV) were measured using MPI. LVMD was assessed using phase analysis. LVR was characterised according to LV dilatation or increased shape indices (systolic shape index [SIES] and diastolic shape index [SIED]).ResultsLVR were observed in 41% of CAD patients. EDV, SIES and SIED were larger in patients with LVMD or low EF. After adjustment for age, sex and infarct and ischaemia extents, phase histogram bandwidth correlated with EDV (r = 0.218) and SIES (r = 0.266) and EF correlated with EDV (r = –0.535), SIES (r = –0.554) and SIED (r = –0.217, p < 0.001 for all).ConclusionsLVR is frequently seen in patients with CAD and may be detected even before the development of symptomatic heart failure. A large LV volume and a more spherical‐shaped LV were associated with LVMD and low EF, highlighting the close relationships between remodelling and systolic dyssynchrony and dysfunction. MPI is useful for assessing LVR by providing information about LV size and shape, which changes from an ellipsoid towards a spherical form in the development of ischaemic cardiomyopathy.
In kidney recipients from the same deceased donor, discordance in delayed graft function is associated with the worst outcomes
Authors: Yousif Elsadig A. I. , Muth Brenda , Manchala Venkata , Turk Jennifer , Blazel Justin , Bloom Margaret , Garg Neetika , Aziz Fahad , Mohamed Maha , Djamali Arjang , Mandelbrot Didier , Parajuli Sandesh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionDelayed graft function (DGF) is a common complication among deceased donor kidney transplant recipients (DDKTs) and is associated with worse outcomes. The effect on outcomes of concordance versus discordance in DGF between two different recipients of kidneys from the same donor is largely unknown.MethodsWe reviewed all adult DDKTs for which both kidneys were transplanted to two different recipients at our center between 2014–2019. DDKTs were divided into four groups based on the DGF status: concordance no DGF (cc‐no‐DGF); discordance no DGF(dd‐no‐DGF); discordance DGF (dd‐DGF) and concordance in DGF (cc‐DGF). Acute rejection (AR) and death censored graft failure (DCGF) were outcomes of interest.ResultsA total of 578 DDKTs fulfilled our selection criteria, 280were in cc‐no‐DGF, 83 in dd‐no‐DGF, 83 in dd‐DGF, and 132 in cc‐DGF. Compared to cc‐no‐DGF, in univariate analysis, dd‐DGF was associated with an increased risk of AR (HR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.0‐2.56) but cc‐DGF was not (HR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.63‐1.62). dd‐DGF was not associated with an increased risk of AR in multivariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, dd‐DGF was associated with an increased risk of DCGF (HR: 2.70; 95% CI: 1.05‐6.93) but cc‐DGFwas not (HR: 2.36; 95% CI: 0.97‐5.70).ConclusionDiscordance in DGF is associated with worse outcomes and may need closefollow‐up and monitoring to improve the outcomes.
Quantifying and reporting outcome measures in pediatric epilepsy surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Chisolm Paul F. , Warner Jeffrey D. , Hale Andrew T. , Estevez‐Ordonez Dagoberto , Murdaugh Donna , Rozzelle Curtis J. , Blount Jeffrey P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSeveral instruments and outcomes measures have been reported in pediatric patients undergoing epilepsy surgery. The objective of this systematic review is to summarize, evaluate, and quantify outcome metrics for the surgical treatment of pediatric epilepsy that address seizure frequency, neuropsychological, and health‐related quality of life (HRQL). We performed a systematic review according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines to identify publications between 2010 and June 2021 from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews that report clinical outcomes in pediatric epilepsy surgery. Eighty‐one articles were included for review. Overall, rates of postoperative seizure frequency were the most common metric reported (n = 78 studies, 96%). Among the seizure frequency metrics, the Engel Epilepsy Surgery Outcome Scale (n = 48 studies, 59%) was most commonly reported. Neuropsychological outcomes, performed in 32 studies (40%) were assessed using 36 different named metrics. HRQL outcomes were performed in 16 studies (20%) using 13 different metrics. Forty‐six studies (57%) reported postoperative changes in antiepileptic drug (AED) regimen, and time‐to‐event analysis was performed in 15 (19%) studies. Only 13 outcomes metrics (1/5 seizure frequency, 6/13 HRQL, 6/36 neuropsychological) have been validated for use in pediatric patients with epilepsy and only 13 have been assessed through reliability studies (4/5 seizure frequency, 6/13 HRQL, and 3/36 neuropsychological). Of the 81 included studies, 17 (21%) used at least one validated metric. Outcome variable metrics in pediatric epilepsy surgery are highly variable. Although nearly all studies report seizure frequency, there is considerable variation in reporting. HRQL and neuropsychological outcomes are less frequently and much more heterogeneously reported. Reliable and validated outcomes metrics should be used to increase standardization and accuracy of reporting outcomes in pediatric patients undergoing epilepsy surgery.
Episodic memory network connectivity in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Fleury Marine , Buck Sarah , Binding Lawrence P. , Caciagli Lorenzo , Vos Sjoerd B. , Winston Gavin P. , Thompson Pamela J. , Koepp Matthias J. , Duncan John S. , Sidhu Meneka K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTemporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) affects brain networks and is associated with impairment of episodic memory. Temporal and extratemporal reorganization of memory functions is described in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. Functional reorganizations have been shown at the local activation level, but network‐level alterations have been underinvestigated. We aim to investigate the functional anatomy of memory networks using memory fMRI and determine how this relates to memory function in TLE.MethodsNinety patients with unilateral TLE (43 left) and 29 controls performed a memory‐encoding fMRI paradigm of faces and words with subsequent out‐of‐scanner recognition test. Subsequent memory event‐related contrasts of words and faces remembered were generated. Psychophysiological interaction analysis investigated task‐associated changes in functional connectivity seeding from the mesial temporal lobes (MTLs). Correlations between changes in functional connectivity and clinical memory scores, epilepsy duration, age at epilepsy onset, and seizure frequency were investigated, and between connectivity supportive of better memory and disease burden. Connectivity differences between controls and TLE, and between TLE with and without hippocampal sclerosis, were explored using these confounds as regressors of no interest.ResultsCompared to controls, TLE patients showed widespread decreased connectivity between bilateral MTLs and frontal lobes, and increased local connectivity between the anterior MTLs bilaterally. Increased intrinsic connectivity within the bilateral MTLs correlated with better out‐of‐scanner memory performance in both left and right TLE. Longer epilepsy duration and higher seizure frequency were associated with decreased connectivity between bilateral MTLs and left/right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and insula, connections supportive of memory functions. TLE due to hippocampal sclerosis was associated with greater connectivity disruption within the MTL and extratemporally.SignificanceConnectivity analyses showed that TLE is associated with temporal and extratemporal memory network reorganization. Increased bilateral functional connectivity within the MTL and connectivity to OFC and insula are efficient, and are disrupted by greater disease burden.
Genetic parallelism between European flat oyster populations at the edge of their natural range
Authors: Lapègue Sylvie , Reisser Céline , Harrang Estelle , Heurtebise Serge , Bierne Nicolas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough all marine ecosystems have experienced global‐scale losses, oyster reefs have shown the greatest. Therefore, substantial efforts have been dedicated to restoration of such ecosystems during the last two decades. In Europe, several pilot projects for the restoration of the native European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, recently begun and recommendations to preserve genetic diversity and to conduct monitoring protocols have been made. In particular, an initial step is to test for genetic differentiation against homogeneity among the oyster populations potentially involved in such programs. Therefore, we conducted a new sampling of wild populations at the European scale and a new genetic analysis with 203 markers to (1) confirm and study in more detail the pattern of genetic differentiation between Atlantic and Mediterranean populations, (2) identify potential translocations that could be due to aquaculture practices and (3) investigate the populations at the fringe of the geographical range, since they seemed related despite their geographic distance. Such information should be useful to enlighten the choice of the animals to be translocated or reproduced in hatcheries for further restocking. After the confirmation of the general geographical pattern of genetic structure and the identification of one potential case of aquaculture transfer at a large scale, we were able to detect genomic islands of differentiation mainly in the form of two groups of linked markers, which could indicate the presence of polymorphic chromosomal rearrangements. Furthermore, we observed a tendency for these two islands and the most differentiated loci to show a parallel pattern of differentiation, grouping the North Sea populations with the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea populations, against geography. We discussed the hypothesis that this genetic parallelism could be the sign of a shared evolutionary history of the two groups of populations despite them being at the border of the distribution nowadays.
Examining target language proficiency among in‐service K‐12 language teachers
Authors: Bell Teresa R. , Borden Rebecca S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAdvanced oral proficiency is an integral part of language teacher education and has been for decades. To date, little research exists that investigates practicing K‐12 nonnative language teachers' target language (TL) maintenance habits. This study presents the results of a research study that investigated the TL proficiency maintenance practices outside the classroom and the current oral proficiency rating of 104 language teachers in Oklahoma and Utah. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire and an official ACTFL OPIc. Results indicate that the majority of current language teachers have either maintained or improved their level of TL proficiency from when they started teaching and that all teacher participants consciously use their TL outside of the classroom. These results have implications for language teacher preparation programs, district and state language supervisors, ACTFL, and CAEP.
Individualised prophylaxis based on personalised target trough FVIII level optimised clinical outcomes in paediatric patients with severe haemophilia A
Authors: Huang Kun , Ai Di , Li Gang , Zhen Yingzi , Wang Yan , Zhang Ningning , Huo Aihua , Liu Guoqing , Chen Zhenping , Wu Runhui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionAs standard care of severe haemophilia A (SHA), prophylaxis should be individualised.AimThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of this new‐proposed individualised prophylaxis protocol.MethodsBoys with SHA were enrolled and followed a PK‐guided, trough‐level escalating protocol of prophylaxis after a six‐month observational period. In the next 2 years, clinical assessments including joint bleeds, ultrasound (US) scores and Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) in both sides of ankles, knees and elbows were conducted every 6 months as a scoring system, which determined whether the trough level's escalation. Adjustment of dosing regimen was based on WAPPS‐Hemo.ResultsFifty‐eight SHA boys were finally analysed. Their age and bodyweight were 5.3(2.8,6.9) years and 21.5(16,25) kg. During the study, 47 escalations were conducted. At study exit, the patient number and proportion of different trough level groups were: < 1 IU/dl, 17.2% (10/58); 1–3 IU/dl, 53.5% (31/58); 3–5 IU/dl, 15.5% (9/58); > 5 IU/dl, 13.8% (8/58). Significantly reduced annualised bleeding rate [4(0,8) to 0(0,2), p < .0001] and annualised joint bleeding rate [2(0,4) to 0(0,.25), p < .0001] was observed at study exit as well as the continuous trend of increased zero bleeding proportion (ZBP) (27.6%–69.0%) and zero joint bleeding proportion (46.5%–81.3%). Besides, 85% (6/7) of the target joints vanished. Statistical improvements of US scores (p = .04) and HJHS (p = .02) were also reported at study exit.ConclusionOur results showed the effectiveness of our protocol based on individualised target trough level and emphasise the importance of personalised prophylaxis.
Macroinvertebrate communities in high mountain desert wetlands: Building biological indexes to address the vulnerability of species and communities
Authors: Scheibler Erica Elizabeth , Montemayor Sara Itzel , Melo María Cecilia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Andean wetlands in arid climates are isolated ecosystems surrounded by steep terrain and have crucial relevance as a water resource. The species inhabiting them are adapted to these habitats and vulnerable to environmental changes.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the vulnerability of invertebrate aquatic species to climate change and organic pollution through an index adapted from the species distributional models (SDM) score [vulnerability of aquatic invertebrate species index (Vais)], and the vulnerability of the invertebrate communities through an index developed herein [wetland community vulnerability index (Wcv)].
The Vais index ranges from 1 (highly vulnerable) to 0 (non‐vulnerable species). It was calculated for 22 species of the orders Coleoptera, Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera, and Odonata. According to our results, the most vulnerable species belong to the orders Ephemeroptera (2) and Odonata (8) (scores 0.63–0.76); species with medium vulnerability belong to the orders Coleoptera (1) Ephemeroptera (1), Hemiptera (4) and Odonata (1) (scores 0.43–0.54); and the most tolerant species belong to the orders Coleoptera (2) and Hemiptera (3) (0.31–0.29).
The Wcv index was calculated for 31 communities in Andean wetlands. Lower Wcv values correspond to less vulnerable communities and higher values to more vulnerable communities. According to our results, communities can be divided into three groups: the most vulnerable (scores 0.61–0.71), the ones with medium vulnerability (scores 0.49–0.59), and the least vulnerable (scores 0.33–0.48).
The Vais and Wcv indexes are useful tools for evaluating the vulnerability of aquatic species and wetland communities, providing valuable information for defining conservation strategies.
Gamma‐delta (γδ) T cell‐derived cytokines (IL‐4, IL‐17, IFN‐γ and IL‐10) and their possible implications for atopic dermatitis development
Authors: Fagundes Beatriz Oliveira , de‐Sousa Thamires Rodrigues , Victor Jefferson Russo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic disease related to skin disorders that affect individuals in their childhood and can persist or start in adulthood. Patients affected by this disease commonly show skin lesions on the body surface (mainly on the upper and lower limbs) and allergic rhinitis or asthma crises. Looking at the disease from a molecular perspective, the major cytokines involved in inflammatory skin diseases, not only AD, include IL‐4, IL‐17, IFN‐γ and IL‐10. Although they can produce these cytokines and infiltrate the affected epithelia in patients with AD, γδ T cells are still almost unexplored. In this update, we briefly discuss the involvement of IL‐4, IL‐17, IFN‐γ and IL‐10 in the pathophysiology of AD and the possible role of γδ T cells during the inflammatory process.
Evaluation of green solvent as an environment friendly alternative for milk fat extraction from ghee residue (clarified butter sediment waste)
Authors: Wani Aakash Dadarao , Prasad Writdhama , Khamrui Kaushik , Hussain Shaik Abdul , Deep Ankit 
Published: July 2022

SummaryGhee residue (clarified butter sediment waste) is a fat‐rich by‐product (containing 50–70% fat, weight basis) obtained during ghee (clarified butter fat) preparation. Conventionally used fat extraction methods from ghee residue (GR) are energy intensive and generates huge amount of waste water. In the present study, solvent extraction was explored for milk fat separation from GR at different extraction temperatures using green solvents, viz., ethyl acetate (EA) and di‐methyl carbonate (DMC). Changes in differential scanning calorimetry profile, fatty acid profile, dynamic rheology, FTIR spectroscopy and colour values of the solvent extracted fat were studied. Increasing the solvent extraction temperature increased the fat extraction efficacy from 45.62% to 49.22% for DMC and from 48.70% to 52.16% for EA. Considering the fat extraction efficacy, fat extraction from GR was found suitable using EA at 65°C extraction temperature. Fat extraction from GR using the selected green solvent, that is EA needed only 57% (18 000 J g−1 of GR) of energy as compared to conventional method (31 500 J g−1 of GR) with no wastewater generation.
Clinical assessment for pulmonary hypertension in interstitial lung disease
Authors: Chan Roseanne K. , Horrigan Mark , Goh Nicole S. L. , Khor Yet H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary hypertension (PH) is an important complication of interstitial lung disease (ILD), as its development confers a poor prognosis. There are no specific recommendations for methods of assessment for PH in ILD populations.AimsTo determine current assessment practices for PH in an Australian ILD centre.MethodsIn the Austin Health ILD database, 162 consecutive patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or connective tissue disease‐associated ILD were identified and retrospectively evaluated for methods of PH assessment with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), serum N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and right heart catheterisation (RHC) in relation to patient demographic and physiological parameters.ResultsThe median follow‐up was 30 (14.4–56.4) months. At baseline, vital capacity was 80.0 ± 18.4% predicted, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide was 59.6 ± 15.2% predicted. Evaluation for PH was performed in 147 (90.7%) patients, among whom 105 (64.8%) had TTE performed at least once. At the initial TTE, 33.7% patients had high probability of PH, defined as RVSP >40 mmHg + RAp and/or right ventricular dysfunction. At the time of the most recent TTE, these criteria were met in 45 (52.3%) patients. Elevated serum NT‐proBNP levels during the first year were observed in 47 (38.8%) patients. Only 14 (8.6%) patients had RHC.ConclusionOur institutional PH assessment practice in ILD demonstrates a substantial prevalence of probable PH at baseline. As new therapies emerge for the treatment of PH in ILD, well‐defined screening practices are important in this population for early identification and optimal management.
COVID vaccination can be performed in patients with a history of allergic reactions to the vaccines or their components: experience from a specialist clinic in South Australia
Authors: Tunbridge Matthew , Perkins Griffith , Lee Maverick , Salehi Tania , Ryoo Dongjae , Kette Frank , Smith William , Gold Michael , Le Thanh‐Thao Adriana , Yuson Chino , Hissaria Pravin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe development of vaccines against SARS‐CoV2 has been a key public health response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, since their introduction, there have been reports of anaphylactic reactions to vaccines in individuals with history of allergic reactions to other vaccines, excipients or to COVID vaccines.AimA dedicated adult COVID vaccine allergy clinic with a standardised allergy testing protocol was set up to investigate safety and suitability of available COVID vaccines in Australia.MethodsPatients referred to a state‐wide COVID‐19 vaccine allergy clinic between March and August 2021 with a history of allergy underwent skin‐prick testing and intradermal testing to both available vaccine formulations (BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1‐S), excipients (polyethylene glycol and polysorbate 80), excipient‐containing medications and controls. Basophil activation testing was conducted in few subjects with convincing history of immediate type reactions.ResultsFifty‐three patients underwent testing for possible excipient allergy (n = 19), previous non–COVID vaccine reaction (n = 13) or previous reaction to dose 1 of COVID‐19 vaccine (n = 21). Patients were predominantly female (n = 43, 81%), aged 18–83 (median 54) years. Forty‐four patients tested negative and 42 of these received at least their first dose of a COVID‐19 vaccine. Nine patients tested positive to excipients or excipient‐containing medication only (n = 3), or vaccines (n = 6). Five patients were positive to just BNT162b2, 3/5 have been vaccinated with ChAdOx1‐S. One who was skin test positive to both vaccines, but negative BAT to ChAdOx1‐S was successfully vaccinated with ChAdOx1‐S.ConclusionEven in a high‐risk population, most patients can be vaccinated with available COVID‐19 vaccines. This paper reports local experiences using a combined allergy testing protocol with skin testing and BAT during the pandemic.