bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial/ethnic disparities in subjective sleep duration, sleep quality, and sleep disturbances during pregnancy: an ECHO study
Authors: Lucchini Maristella , O’Brien Louise M , Kahn Linda G , Brennan Patricia A , Glazer Baron Kelly , Knapp Emily A , Lugo-Candelas Claudia , Shuffrey Lauren , Dunietz Galit Levi , Zhu Yeyi , Wright Rosalind J , Wright Robert O , Duarte Cristiane , Karagas Margaret R , Ngai Pakkay , O’Connor Thomas G , Herbstman Julie B , Dioni Sean , Singh Anne Marie , Alcantara Carmela , Fifer William P , Elliott Amy J ,   Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes, Jacobson L P , Parker C B , Alshawabkeh A N , Ownby D 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the United States, racial/ethnic minoritized groups experience worse sleep than non-Hispanic Whites (nHW), but less is known about pregnant people. This is a key consideration since poor sleep during pregnancy is common and associated with increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. This study reports the prevalence of subjective sleep measures in a multi-racial/ethnic pregnant population from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program. Participants’ self-reported race and ethnicity were grouped into: nHW, non-Hispanic Black/African American (nHB/AA), Hispanic, non-Hispanic Asian (nHA). Analyses examined trimester-specific (first (T1), second (T2), third (T3)) nocturnal sleep duration, quality, and disturbances (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and ECHO maternal sleep health questionnaire). Linear or multinomial regressions estimated the associations between race/ethnicity and each sleep domain by trimester, controlling for body mass index and age, with nHW as reference group. We repeated analyses within maternal education strata. nHB/AA participants reported shorter sleep duration (T2: β = –0.55 [–0.80,–0.31]; T3: β = –0.65 [–0.99,–0.31]) and more sleep disturbances (T2: β = 1.92 [1.09,2.75]; T3: β = 1.41 [0.09,2.74]). Hispanic participants reported longer sleep duration (T1: β = 0.22 [0.00004,0.44]; T2: β = 0.61 [0.47,0.76]; T3: β = 0.46 [0.22,0.70]), better sleep quality (Reference group: Very good. Fairly good T1: OR = 0.48 [0.32,0.73], T2: OR = 0.36 [0.26,0.48], T3: OR = 0.31 [0.18,0.52]. Fairly bad T1: OR = 0.27 [0.16,0.44], T2: OR = 0.46 [0.31, 0.67], T3: OR = 0.31 [0.17,0.55]), and fewer sleep disturbances (T2: β = –0.5 [–1.0,–0.12]; T3: β = –1.21 [–2.07,–0.35]). Differences persisted within the high-SES subsample. Given the stark racial/ethnic disparities in perinatal outcomes and their associations with sleep health, further research is warranted to investigate the determinants of these disparities.
Epigenetic Regulation of NGF-Mediated Osteogenic Differentiation in Human Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Liu Zhenqing , Suh Jin Sook , Deng Peng , Bezouglaia Olga , Do Megan , Mirnia Mojan , Cui Zhong-Kai , Lee Min , Aghaloo Tara , Wang Cun-Yu , Hong Christine 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is the best-characterized neurotrophin and is primarily recognized for its key role in the embryonic development of the nervous system and neuronal cell survival/differentiation. Recently, unexpected actions of NGF in bone regeneration have emerged as NGF is able to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. However, little is known regarding how NGF signaling regulates osteogenic differentiation through epigenetic mechanisms. In this study, using human dental mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs), we demonstrated that NGF mediates osteogenic differentiation through p75NTR, a low-affinity NGF receptor. P75NTR-mediated NGF signaling activates the JNK cascade and the expression of KDM4B, an activating histone demethylase, by removing repressive H3K9me3 epigenetic marks. Mechanistically, NGF-activated c-Jun binds to the KDM4B promoter region and directly upregulates KDM4B expression. Subsequently, KDM4B directly and epigenetically activates DLX5, a master osteogenic gene, by demethylating H3K9me3 marks. Furthermore, we revealed that KDM4B and c-Jun from the JNK signaling pathway work in concert to regulate NGF-mediated osteogenic differentiation through simultaneous recruitment to the promoter region of DLX5. We identified KDM4B as a key epigenetic regulator during the NGF-mediated osteogenesis both in vitro and in vivo using the calvarial defect regeneration mouse model. In conclusion, our study thoroughly elucidated the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms during NGF-mediated osteogenesis.
Modeling the therapeutic potential of defective interfering particles in the presence of immunity
Authors: Karki Bandita , Bull James J , Krone Stephen M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Defective interfering particles (DIPs) are naturally occurring viruses that have evolved to parasitize other viruses. They suppress wild-type (WT) virus infections through their role as intracellular parasites. Because most encode few or no viral proteins, they have been entertained as possible safe antiviral therapies—something that might be given to patients infected with the WT virus. Adding to their safety, they cannot reproduce except when co-infecting the same cells as the WT, so they pose no danger of evolving into independent disease agents. But this dependence on the WT also limits their therapeutic utility by restricting the timing at which their administration can be effective. To develop a qualitative sense of these constraints for acute viral infections, we use ordinary differential equation models to study the mass-action dynamics of DIPs and WT virus in the presence of adaptive and innate immunity that will otherwise clear the infection. Our goal is to understand whether the therapeutic administration of DIPs will augment or interfere with the immune response and, in the former case, we seek to provide guidance on how virus suppression is affected by infection and clearance parameters, as well as by the timing of DIP introduction. Consistent with previous theoretical work, we find that DIPs can significantly suppress viral load. When immunity is present, the timing of DIP administration matters, with an intermediate optimum. When successful at viral suppression, DIPs even slow the immune response, but the combined effect of DIPs and immunity is still beneficial. Outcomes depend somewhat on whether immunity is elicited by and clears DIPs, but timing appears to have the greater effect.
Identification of coronaviruses in farmed wild animals reveals their evolutionary origins in Guangdong, southern China
Authors: Wang Xiaohu , Ren Zhaowen , Wang Lu , Chen Jing , Zhang Pian , Chen Jin-Ping , Chen Xiaofan , Li Linmiao , Lin Xuhui , Qi Nanshan , Luo Shengjun , Xiang Rong , Yuan Ziguo , Zhang Jianfeng , Wang Gang , Sun Min-Hua , Huang Yuan , Hua Yan , Zou Jiejian , Hou Fanghui , Huang Zhong , Du Shouwen , Xiang Hua , Sun Mingfei , Liu Quan , Liao Ming 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Coronavirus infections cause diseases that range from mild to severe in mammals and birds. In this study, we detected coronavirus infections in 748 farmed wild animals of 23 species in Guangdong, southern China, by RT-PCR and metagenomic analysis. We identified four coronaviruses in these wild animals and analysed their evolutionary origins. Coronaviruses detected in Rhizomys sinensis were genetically grouped into canine and rodent coronaviruses, which were likely recombinants of canine and rodent coronaviruses. The coronavirus found in Phasianus colchicus was a recombinant pheasant coronavirus of turkey coronavirus and infectious bronchitis virus. The coronavirus in Paguma larvata had a high nucleotide identity (94.6–98.5 per cent) with a coronavirus of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncates). These findings suggested that the wildlife coronaviruses may have experienced homologous recombination and/or crossed the species barrier, likely resulting in the emergence of new coronaviruses. It is necessary to reduce human–animal interactions by prohibiting the eating and raising of wild animals, which may contribute to preventing the emergence of the next coronavirus pandemic.
Sacubitril-valsartan therapy in a patient with heart failure due to isolated left ventricular noncompaction: a case report and literature review
Authors: Yang Ya-Wei , Yuan Jun , Xing Jing-Fen , Fan Min 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background:
Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a rare type of cardiomyopathy. The core clinical feature is heart failure that responds poorly to treatments.

Case presentation:
A 58-year-old woman received various treatments (including metoprolol, benazepril, torasemide, spirolactone, and digoxin) for 4 years for LVNC, but responded poorly. Upon presentation, transthoracic echocardiogram (ECHO) showed 26% left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and class IV diastolic dysfunction. Upon cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI), the ratio of noncompacted versus compacted myocardium was 3.9. She received guideline-recommended treatments that included sacubitril-valsartan (100 mg/day) in addition to β-blocker, torasemide, spirolactone, digoxin, and isosorbide. Symptoms and signs improved rapidly, and she was discharged 1 week later. Sacubitril-valsartan dosage was adjusted to 200 mg/day 4 weeks later. She remained in relatively good health thereafter. At the last follow-up 16 months later, LVEF was 51% on ECHO. CMRI showed the significantly reduced ratio of 2.8 in noncompacted versus compacted myocardium.

Conclusions:
Sacubitril-valsartan therapy may result in reverse remodeling and improve long-term outcomes in LVNC patients.
Hospital-acquired infections in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: First report from Taiwan
Authors: Huang Ruei-Chang , Chiu Chun-Hsiang , Chiang Tsung-Ta , Tsai Chun-Chou , Wang Yung-Chih , Chang Feng-Yee , Yang Ya-Sung , Wang Ching-Hsun 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) inpatients may acquire infections from other pathogens during hospital admission. This is the first research on this subject to be reported from Taiwan.

Methods:
Confirmed COVID-19 inpatients were enrolled in this study from January 1, 2020 to July 31, 2021. Various types of pathogens in COVID-19 inpatients, with hospital-acquired infections, were identified and analyzed. The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with and without hospital-acquired infections were reviewed and compared.

Results:
Of the 204 patients included in the study, 32 (15.7%) patients experienced at least one infectious episode. Of 113 recorded episodes of infection, the predominant type was bacterial (88 of 113 infections, 77.9%); the most frequently isolated bacteria were Acinetobacter spp., followed by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. With regard to viral infections (19 of 113, 16.8%), the Epstein-Barr virus ranked first place among the identified viruses. Four (3.5%) and 2 (1.8%) of 113 infectious episodes were caused by fungi and atypical pathogens. A multivariate analysis revealed that steroid use was an independent factor in hospital-acquired infections (odds ratio [OR], 6.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15–42.43; p = 0.035). Patients with hospital-acquired infections were associated with increased 28-day and in-hospital mortality (18.8% vs 5.8% and 31.3% and 5.8%; p = 0.023 and <0.01, respectively), and a longer hospital stay (34 vs 19 days; p < 0.001), compared to those without hospital-acquired infections.

Conclusion:
Our study revealed the unique local epidemiology of hospital-acquired infections among COVID-19 inpatients in Taiwan. These patients were associated with increased mortality and prolonged hospital admissions.
Prognostic significance of the blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio in in-hospital cardiac arrest after targeted temperature management
Authors: Meng Yu-Hsiang , Lin Pei-Ying , Wu Yu-Hsuan , Hou Peter Chuanyi , How Chorng-Kuang , Chen Chung-Ting 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Targeted temperature management (TTM) has been reported to improve outcomes in in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) patients but little has been investigated into the relationship between prognoses and the blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio (BCR).

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of data from IHCA survivors treated with TTM between 2011 and 2018 was conducted based on the Research Patient Database Registry of the Partners HealthCare system in Boston. Serum laboratory data were measured during IHCA and within 24 hours after TTM completion. Intra-arrest and post-TTM BCRs were calculated, respectively. The primary outcome was neurologic status at discharge. The secondary outcome was in-hospital mortality.

Results:
The study included 84 patients; 63 (75%) were discharged with a poor neurologic status and 40 (47.6%) died. Regarding poor neurological outcome at discharge, multivariate analysis revealed that post-TTM BCR was a significant predictor (adjusted OR, 1.081; 95% CI, 1.002–1.165; p = 0.043) and intra-arrest BCR was a marginal predictor (adjusted OR, 1.067; 95% CI, 1.000–1.138; p = 0.050). Post-TTM BCR had an acceptably predictive ability to discriminate neurological status at discharge, with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.644 (95% CI, 0.516–0.773) and a post-TTM BCR cutoff value of 16.7 had a sensitivity of 61.9% and a specificity of 70.0%.

Conclusion:
Post-TTM BCR was a significant predictor of the neurologic outcome at discharge among IHCA patients receiving TTM. IHCA patients with elevated intra-arrest BCR also had a borderline poor neurological prognosis at discharge.
Ibuprofen-Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A Case Report
Authors: Kannappilly Nevin , Peediyakkal Mohamed Z. , Khatib Mohamad Y. , Ananthegowda Dore C. , Elshafei Moustafa S. , El Zeer Hani , Shaik Karimulla S. , AlFayoumi Moayad M. , Mutkule Dyaneshwar P. , Soliman Ahmed A. , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a medical emergency that most commonly occurs as an adverse effect of certain drugs. Here, we describe a case of a 41-year-old man with no comorbid illness who developed TEN.

Case Presentation:
The patient had been prescribed ibuprofen for myalgia and developed skin lesions after the single dose. The lesions were erythematous papules and macules distributed all over the body after ibuprofen intake. TEN was diagnosed based on the patient’s clinical presentation and laboratory findings. He was treated with intravenous dexamethasone, intravenous immunoglobulin, and cyclosporine. Daily dressing changes and skin care was done with saline, chlorhexidine, and liquid paraffin. The patient was intubated and tracheostomized, and he gradually improved and survived. Later, he developed septicemia in the intensive care unit and was treated successfully.

Discussion:
The management of TEN includes cessation of the causative cause, multidisciplinary ICU care, prevention and early detection of sepsis, fluid and electrolyte balance, adequate analgesia and temperature control, proper organ support, aggressive nutritional management, and good psychological support. The pharmacological therapy for TEN includes corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and cyclosporine. The key elements of management are aseptic care and proper dressing of the skin.

Conclusion:
TEN is associated with high mortality if not managed in a systemic and protocolized way.
Epidemiological features of leprosy in China, 2020
Authors: Jia-Yi Peng , Sun Pei-Wen , Wang Le , Yu Mei-Wen , Wang Hong-Sheng 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
To describe the epidemiological characteristics of leprosy in China in 2020 and provide a basis for optimizing leprosy prevention and control strategies.

Methods:
We statistically analyzed the data of leprosy cases in China in 2020 extracted from the Leprosy Management Information System.

Results:
A total of 406 newly detected leprosy cases were reported nationwide in China in 2020, giving an incidence rate of 0.29 per 1,000,000 population. Among the population with leprosy, the proportions of children younger than 15 years, multibacillary cases, and cases with grade 2 disability were 1.2%, 93.3%, and 17.7%, respectively. Southwest China was the region with the largest proportion of new leprosy cases (54.7%). There were 31 relapse leprosy cases reported in 2020. By the end of 2020, there were 1,893 registered leprosy cases reported nationwide, giving a prevalence rate of 1.35 per 1,000,000 population.

Conclusion:
Leprosy is at a low endemic level in China in terms of the prevalence and incidence rates. However, the geographical distribution of leprosy in China is unbalanced; leprosy is highly endemic in southwest China, including Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangdong, and Guangxi.
Building kidney organoids from pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Kobayashi Akio , Nishinakamura Ryuichi 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
During embryogenesis, the kidney is mainly generated from three progenitor cells; nephron progenitors, ureteric bud progenitors and stromal progenitors. Mutual interactions of the all three progenitor populations are essential to form a functional kidney with the higher-order structure. Pluripotent stem cells have potential to differentiate into all cell types of the animal body, including the kidney. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in reconstructing kidney organoids from pluripotent stem cells.

Recent findings
In the past years, major advances were reported to induce nephron and ureteric bud progenitors from pluripotent stem cells in mice and humans, and to create kidney organoids of nephron and/or ureteric bud-derived collecting duct tissues in vitro. These kidney organoid technologies were applied to high-throughput genetic screenings and small chemical screenings to identify key factors for kidney development and disease. Furthermore, a novel method was established to induce stromal progenitors from pluripotent stem cells, leading to creation of kidney organoids with the higher-order structures completely derived from pluripotent stem cells.

Summary
These advances in kidney organoids from pluripotent stem cells should lay a foundation to establish a novel therapy for kidney disease, which ultimately eliminate the need of dialysis and kidney transplantation for patients with kidney disease in the future.
Recruitment and retention for chronic pain clinical trials: a narrative review
Authors: Kennedy Nan , Nelson Sarah , Jerome Rebecca N. , Edwards Terri L. , Stroud Mary , Wilkins Consuelo H. , Harris Paul A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Opioid misuse is at a crisis level. In response to this epidemic, the National Institutes of Health has funded $945 million in research through the Helping to End Addiction Long-term (HEAL) Pain Management Initiative, including funding to the Vanderbilt Recruitment Innovation Center (RIC) to strategize methods to catalyze participant recruitment. The RIC, recognizing the challenges presented to clinical researchers in recruiting individuals experiencing pain, conducted a review of evidence in the literature on successful participant recruitment methods for chronic pain trials, in preparation for supporting the HEAL Pain trials. Study design as it affects recruitment was reviewed, with issues such as sufficient sample size, impact of placebo, pain symptom instability, and cohort characterization being identified as problems. Potential solutions found in the literature include targeted electronic health record phenotyping, use of alternative study designs, and greater clinician education and involvement. For retention, the literature reports successful strategies that include maintaining a supportive staff, allowing virtual study visits, and providing treatment flexibility within the trial. Community input on study design to identify potential obstacles to recruitment and retention was found to help investigators avoid pitfalls and enhance trust, especially when recruiting underrepresented minority populations. Our report concludes with a description of generalizable resources the RIC has developed or adapted to enhance recruitment and retention in the HEAL Pain studies. These resources include, among others, a Recruitment and Retention Plan Template, a Competing Trials Tool, and MyCap, a mobile research application that interfaces with Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap).
Availability of Priority Maternal and Newborn Health Indicators: Cross-sectional Analysis of Pregnancy, Childbirth and Postnatal Care Registers from 21 Countries
Authors: Kabue Mark , Palestra Francesca , Katwan Elizabeth , Moran Allisyn C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundData from national health management information systems (HMIS) are essential for routinely tracking progress toward national and subnational objectives, programmatic decision-making, planning and review, and ultimately to improve quality of care. It is through an in-depth understanding of the data elements captured in patient registers, as building blocks of national HMIS indicators, that it is possible to improve standardization in data collection and measurement of key indicators to help track progress towards achieving maternal and newborn health goals.Methods and findingsThis analysis was done through a review of antenatal (ANC), childbirth and postnatal (PNC) registers from 21 countries across five world regions. Between July and October 2020, various country-based maternal and newborn experts, implementing agencies, program managers, and ministries of health personnel were contacted and requested to share the current versions of the registers. Both paper-based and electronic registers were obtained. Twenty ANC registers, eighteen childbirth and thirteen PNC were analyzed. Both longitudinal and cross-sectional ANC and PNC registers were reviewed, while the childbirth registers included in the review were all cross-sectional. For the ANC registers 11/20 (55%) and for PNC registers 7/13 (54%) were longitudinal. In four countries the registers were electronic (Norway, Sweden, USA, West-Bank - Palestine), while the rest was paper-based. There was great variation in the number of data elements included from each register reviewed ranging from 24 in Nepal’s childbirth register to 188 in Eswatini’s ANC register. These findings are presented in four broad categories (Pregnancy, Childbirth, Postnatal care, and Mortality outcomes), with subheadings in each category.ConclusionThis analysis highlights some areas in where there are data gaps as we work to reduce preventable maternal, newborn deaths and stillbirths and deliver high-quality, equitable care. Programme managers and health workers need this data to monitor the performance of their national health system and to guide the continuous improvement of health care services for women and newborns. The results of this analysis will complement additional work and help to inform the standardization of pregnancy and childbirth registers and provide information for other countries seeking to introduce indicators in their health systems.