bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single nucleotide polymorphisms as a predisposing factor for the development of apical periodontitis—An umbrella review
Authors: Jakovljevic Aleksandar , Jacimovic Jelena , Georgiou Athina Christina , Nikolic Nadja , Aminoshariae Anita , van der Waal Suzette V. , Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe interaction between heredity and different environmental factors in the modification of apical periodontitis (AP) susceptibility and prediction of its progression remain poorly elucidated.ObjectivesThis umbrella review aimed to (i) analyse the available relevant systematic reviews in an attempt to determine the association between genotype and allelic distribution of different single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the development of AP, (ii) report deficiencies and gaps in knowledge in this area and (iii) present recommendations to conduct future clinical studies and systematic reviews.MethodsA literature search was conducted using Clarivate Analytics' Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, from inception to October 2021, with no language restrictions, including a grey literature search. Systematic reviews with/without meta‐analysis evaluating genotype and allelic distribution of different SNPs between adult patients with/ without AP were included. All other type of studies were excluded. The methodological quality was assessed using the A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR)‐2 tool. Two independent reviewers were involved in study selection, data extraction and appraising the included reviews; disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer.ResultsThe current study includes five systematic reviews. Three reviews performed meta‐analysis. Three reviews were graded by AMSTAR 2 as ‘critically low’ quality, whereas the other two were graded as ‘low’ and ‘moderate’ quality. Two reviews indicated that carriers of specific genotypes and alleles of tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) ‐308 G > A and interleukin 1‐beta (IL‐1β) + 3954 C/T gene polymorphisms are more susceptible to an acute and persistent form of AP. However, high heterogeneity was observed.DiscussionThe statistical heterogeneity within included systematic reviews was a consequence of clinical and methodological diversity amongst primary studies. Although some of the included reviews suggested that carriers of specific genotype and/or allele of TNF‐α −308 G > A and IL‐1β + 3954 C/T SNPs are more susceptible to AP, their conclusions should be interpreted with caution.ConclusionsNo candidate genes could be identified as a definitive genetic risk or protective factor for the development and progression of AP, and further high‐quality genome‐wide association studies are warranted.
Taohong Siwu decoction promotes the process of fracture healing by activating the VEGF-FAK signal pathway and systemically regulating the gut microbiota
Authors: Li Wangyang , Li Tiao , Tang Zhi , Qi Xinyu , Zhou Youliang , Tang Xiaolu , Xu Weijie , Xiong Hui 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to explore the effect of Taohong Siwu Decoction (THSWD) on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) at the cellular level and the possible mechanism of systemic regulation of gut microbiota on fracture recovery.

Methods and Results
Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) experiments show that THSWD effectively promotes the proliferation of BMSCs. Transwell and wound healing assays show that THSWD effectively promotes the invasion and migration of BMSCs. Alizarin red staining showed that the THSWD model enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Moreover, the effect of THSWD on BMSCs is time- and concentration-dependent. RT-qPCR and western blot results showed that THSWD treatment up-regulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) at mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Haematoxylin–eosin and crocin O-quick green staining showed that after 14 days of THSWD treatment, the area of callus and cartilage regeneration at the fracture site increased significantly in rats with right femoral shaft fractures. Gut microbiota was changed in fractured rats, such as the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes was increased. THSWD showed positive regulation of both to a certain extent.

Conclusion
THSWD up-regulates VEGF and activates the FAK signalling pathway to enhance the development and differentiation of BMSCs, and systematically regulates the gut microbiota to promote fracture healing.

Significance and Impact of Study
This study provides new insights on the cellular and systemic level to understand the mechanism of THSWD in the treatment of fractures.
Where to next? Experiences of adults with intellectual disability after they complete a university program
Authors: Gobec Charlotte , Rillotta Fiona , Raghavendra Parimala 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdults with intellectual disability who attended higher education programs have reported increasing self‐determination, developing social skills and forming relationships. However, there is limited evidence about what adults with intellectual disability do after they complete such programs. This study investigated the experiences of adults with intellectual disability after they completed an inclusive higher education university program in Australia.Materials & MethodsThis qualitative study used a phenomenological approach. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with adults with intellectual disability who had completed the program (N = 6). Data were thematically analysed and interpreted using Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory.ResultsParticipants developed lasting connections with mentors and staff but not with peers. Some participants accessed more opportunities, returned to study, increased topic‐specific knowledge, and developed life skills; however, others faced challenges with transition from the program.DiscussionFindings highlight a need to explore ways to enhance the transition from the program to the wider university environment and/or employment. Suggestions for practice are provided to help inform future development of inclusive higher education programs for adults with intellectual disability.ConclusionWith appropriate support adults with intellectual disability can experience positive post‐university outcomes and opportunities; however, limited social interaction with informal supports such as peers, challenges the inclusive model.
Effects of appointing new independent directors who are professionally affiliated with their predecessors: Evidence from China
Authors: Li Yanlin , Tian Gary Gang , Wang Xin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe roles played by independent directors (IDs) have been extensively documented, but the question of how they are appointed remains insufficiently explored. We found that the likelihood of IDs being appointed was higher when they were professionally affiliated with the departing IDs, and this effect was more pronounced when either the predecessor had a compliant voting record or held more directorships in other firms controlled by insiders in the focal firm. The appointment of affiliated IDs who colluded with insiders through predecessors is positively associated with fewer dissenting votes, more related‐party transactions, and more severe violations. The effect was stronger for firms that had higher concentrated ownership and were located in areas with a weak institutional environment. Our research showed that predecessors with low independence helps establish a reciprocity norm between affiliated successors and insiders, leading to weak board monitoring.
Pseudo‐Fringe sign in frontal fibrosing alopecia‐like cutaneous lupus erythematosus
Authors: Dutra Rezende H. , Trüeb R.M. , Dias M.F.R.G. , Perez Bezerra de Lázaro B. , Iglesias G.A. , Lopes Mattos Dinato S. , Calaça Kabbach Prigenzi K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundMarginal alopecia presents itself frequently in dermatological practice. For patients who present peripheral scalp hair loss, cicatricial and non‐cicatricial alopecia should be considered, such as ophiasis, traction alopecia and frontal fibrosing alopecia. In spite of the several types of hair loss that have been described in cutaneous lupus erythematosus, the ‘pseudo‐fringe sign’ had never been observed in such patents.ObjectiveThis study aims at including the ‘pseudo‐fringe sign’ as another possibility of clinical manifestation in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus.MethodsA case report of a 67‐year‐old lady with the diagnosis of lupus erythematosus and peripheral hair loss is shown in this study; the respective differential diagnosis have also been discussed.ResultsThe diagnosis of a scarring alopecia caused by lupus erythematosus was established with dermoscopy and histopathology.ConclusionCutaneous lupus erythematosus is another diagnostic possibility for patients who display the ‘pseudo‐fringe sign’.
Diet quality is associated with primary melanoma thickness
Authors: Hughes M.C.B. , Malt M. , Khosrotehrani K. , Smithers B.M. , Green A.C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients' diets can influence the outcome of several common cancers, but the effect on melanoma prognosis is unknown.ObjectiveTo assess the association between quality of melanoma patients' prediagnosis diets and primary tumour thickness, the main prognostic indicator for melanoma.MethodsWe used baseline data from patients newly diagnosed with tumour stage Ib to IV cutaneous melanoma, with completed questionnaires about food intake in the past year and other factors. Diet quality was measured by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and melanoma thickness was extracted from histopathology reports. We estimated prevalence ratios (PRadj) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for confounding factors using Poisson regression models to assess associations between HEI scores and melanoma thickness.ResultsOf 634 study patients, 238 (38%) had melanomas >2 mm thick at diagnosis. Patients with the highest HEI scores were significantly less likely to be diagnosed with thick melanoma than patients with lowest HEI scores (PRadj 0.93, 95% CI 0.86–0.99) (Ptrend = 0.03). There was no evidence of effect modification by age, sex, previous melanoma or comorbidities.ConclusionsMelanoma thickness at diagnosis is significantly associated with quality of patients' diets before diagnosis.
Complete blood collection‐based systemic inflammation biomarkers for patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Gambichler T. , Hessam S. , Cramer P. , Abu Rached N. , Bechara F.G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a relatively common chronic inflammatory condition of intertriginous skin. In recent years, the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and platelet/neutrophil ratio (PLR) have been shown to be indicators of systemic inflammation correlating with severity of inflammatory conditions.ObjectivesWe aimed to analyse for the first time the systemic inflammation biomarkers also including the pan‐immune‐inflammation value (PIV) and the systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) in HS patients and controls.MethodsThis study retrospectively investigated clinical and laboratory data of 142 patients with HS. Moreover, a sex‐age‐matched healthy control group was included. The severity of HS was routinely assessed by the Hurley staging, the mHSS and the SAHS score. All inflammation‐based biomarkers were calculated from absolute values of complete blood counts. Receiver‐operating characteristics analyses, including the Youden index, were performed in order to determine optimal cut‐off values and test performance.ResultsWhereas PIV and SII were significantly higher in HS patients, PLR, MLR and PNR were significantly lower in HS patients when compared to controls. Almost all inflammation‐based biomarkers significantly correlated with disease severity. However, PIV was the only test that was significantly associated with HS severity as indicated by a Youden index of 0.56 (associated criterion: 756.4; AUC: 0.79, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsAlthough all systemic inflammation‐based biomarkers investigated are more or less associated with HS severity, the PIV appears to have the best performance in this regard. It may be employed in adjunction with the clinical scores for treatment decision making or clinical trial assessments.
On the definition of stigma
Authors: Andersen Martin M. , Varga Somogy , Folker Anna P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are thousands of papers about stigma, for instance about stigma's impact on wellbeing, mental or physical health. But the definition of stigma has received only modest attention. In “Conceptualizing stigma” from 2001, Link and Phelan offer a thorough and detailed definition of stigma. They suggest that there are six necessary conditions for stigma, namely labelled differences, stereotypes, separation, status loss and discrimination, power, and emotional reaction. This definition is widely applied in the literature but is left mainly uncriticized.MethodWe submit the Link and Phelan definition of stigma to a systematic conceptual analysis. We first interpret, analyze and reconsider each of the six components in Link and Phelan's definition of stigma, and on the basis of these analyses, we secondly suggest a revised definition of stigma.ResultThe Link and Phelan definition is thorough and detailed, but includes redundant components. These are status loss and discrimination, and emotional reaction.ConclusionWe suggest that groups, not individuals, are the target of stigma, though it is individuals who may be the victims of it. We suggest a revised definition of stigma that is more simple, precise, and consistent with the empirical literature on stigma; there is stigma if and only if there is labelling, negative stereotyping, linguistic separation, and power asymmetry.
Market surveys and social media provide confirmation of the endangered giant freshwater whipray Urogymnus polylepis in Myanmar
Authors: Grant Michael I. , Bicknell Anthony W. J. , Htut Thaung , Maung Antt , Maung Thu , Myo Myo Khin , Rein Thu , San Min Khan , White William T. , Ya Kyaw Zay , Mizrahi Meira 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe giant freshwater whipray Urogymnus polylepis is a threatened species that is vulnerable to riverine and coastal marine pressures. Despite its threatened status, the range of U. polylepis is still being determined. In this study, photographic evidence of U. polylepis in Myanmar was provided through market surveys (2017–2018) and social media (Sharks and Rays of Rakhine Facebook page, 2021). Urogymnus polylepis is exposed to fisheries and habitat degradation pressures in Myanmar; therefore, conservation management is likely needed to ensure populations persist into the future.
Patient susceptibility to over‐trust: The case of off‐label prescribing
Authors: Fitzgerald M. Paula , Reshadi Farnoush , Sarkees Matthew 
Published: April 2022

AbstractConsumer researchers focus on two primary constructs when studying pharmaceuticals: benefit and risk perceptions. Herein, we propose three variables that can influence how consumers view the benefit‐to‐risk profile of a drug: (1) trust in the doctor, (2) susceptibility to over‐trust and (3) perceived maverickism. We find that the more the consumer trusts a doctor, the greater the perceived benefits of an off‐label drug prescribed by that doctor. This relationship is magnified when consumers are susceptible to over‐trusting their doctor. Off‐label prescribing also increases the perception that a doctor is a maverick. We test the boundaries of these effects by considering agency breach perceptions arising from pharmaceutical firms' payments to prescribing doctors. Agency breach perceptions reduce post‐encounter doctor trust. Overall, this work suggests that trust reduces the likelihood that consumers will engage in the behaviors needed for the marketplace to correct itself.
Fear of the Russian bear? Negotiating Finnish national identity online
Authors: Nortio Emma , Jasinskaja‐Lahti Inga , Hämäläinen Mikko , Pakkasvirta Jussi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNational identities are an important tool for collective political persuasion and mobilisation among political elites and lay people. Recent research on nationalism has shown that the negotiating of national identities, like any political deliberations and operations, increasingly occur on the Internet. In this study, we contribute to this research by examining the relational construction of Finnish identity online. More specifically, we focus on how the users of the largest discussion forum in Finland constructed Russia as a threat. A massive dataset spanning 12 years enables us to map the recurring patterns and temporal shifts in the discussions. We show that the construction of Russia as a threatening national other was used to both oppose and support Finland's alliance with the West, namely, becoming a member of NATO.
Swing segment stenosis: An unresolved challenge
Authors: Gunawardena Thilina , Ridgway Dan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe native arteriovenous fistula is considered the gold standard among all dialysis access options. Compared with alternatives such as grafts and central venous catheters, their use is associated with a lower risk of infective and thrombotic complications. This leads to better patient outcomes and reduced healthcare‐associated costs. Recognizing these advantages, there is a global drive to increase the creation and use of such fistulas in hemodialysis patients. Swing segment stenosis is a common problem encountered with the creation and use of these fistulas that can hurt their maturation and longevity. A “swing segment” in an arteriovenous fistula is defined as a segment of vein that pursues a sharp, curved course. Due to poorly understood reasons, these swing segments tend to develop stenotic lesions that are extremely challenging to treat. This review aims to provide an overview of the pathophysiology, incidence, management, and prevention of these swing segment lesions. We believe that such knowledge will be useful for clinicians who deal with dialysis access creation and maintenance.
How does mindfulness help university employees cope with emotional exhaustion during theCOVID‐19 crisis? The mediating role of psychological hardiness and the moderating effect of workload
Authors: Phungsoonthorn Tipnuch , Charoensukmongkol Peerayuth 
Published: April 2022

The COVID‐19 crisis has had severe adverse psychological effects on people globally. Although previous research has shown that mindfulness helps people cope with stressful situations, we do not know whether mindfulness can help people cope with the effects of the pandemic. This research examined the effect mindfulness has on emotional exhaustion on the part of employees who work at private international universities in Thailand that are affected by COVID‐19. Grounded in the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, this research proposed that the level of psychological hardiness mindful employees have mediates the effect of mindfulness in reducing emotional exhaustion. The Job Demands‐Resource (JD‐R) model was used as an additional theory to test the moderating effect of workload, which may reduce the benefit mindfulness has in alleviating emotional exhaustion. Questionnaire survey data were collected from 300 employees at two universities. Data analysis was conducted using partial least squares structural equation modeling, and the model showed that psychological hardiness mediated the effect mindfulness has on emotional exhaustion fully. Further, the analysis supported the moderating role workload plays in suppressing the effect of psychological hardiness on emotional exhaustion significantly. A simple slope analysis indicated as well that the negative association between psychological hardiness and emotional exhaustion was present only in employees with light workloads. By integrating the principle of COR theory with the JD‐R model, this research extended previous research by showing that mindfulness may not help employees cope with stress during an organizational crisis like COVID‐19 when they have to manage a heavy workload.
Benchmarked linear shrinkage prediction in the Fay–Herriot small area model
Authors: Chikamatsu Kentaro , Kubokawa Tatsuya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe empirical best linear unbiased predictor (EBLUP) is a linear shrinkage of the direct estimate toward the regression estimate and useful for the small area estimation in the sense of increasing precision of estimation of small area means. However, one potential difficulty of EBLUP is that the overall estimate for a larger geographical area based on a sum of EBLUP is not necessarily identical to the corresponding direct estimate like the overall sample mean. To fix this problem, the paper suggests a new method for benchmarking EBLUP in the Fay–Herriot model without assuming normality of random effects and sampling errors. The resulting benchmarked empirical linear shrinkage (BELS) predictor has novelty in the sense that coefficients for benchmarking are adjusted based on the data from each area. To measure the uncertainty of BELS, the second‐order unbiased estimator of the mean squared error is derived.
Habitual Phytoestrogen Intake Is Associated with Breast Composition in Girls at 2 Years after Menarche Onset
Authors: Lesser Constanza , Mericq Verónica , Reyes Marcela , Garmendia María Luisa , Shepherd John A. , Michels Karin B. , Corvalán Camila , Pereira Ana 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background:
High phytoestrogen intake during adolescence is associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. Breast density (BD) is a strong predictor of breast cancer and can be considered an early marker. We aim to assess the association between the mean habitual intake of isoflavones, lignans, and total phytoestrogens intake during puberty until 2 years after menarche onset and absolute fibroglandular volume (AFGV) and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) in Hispanic girls at the end of puberty.

Methods:
Longitudinal study set up in the Growth and Obesity Chilean Cohort Study (GOCS). We included 329 girls with dietary data (multiple 24-hours recalls) from puberty until 2 years after menarche onset (81% had 2–4 recalls). Two international datasets were used to estimate isoflavones, lignans, and total phytoestrogens in the diet. Breast composition was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at 2 years after menarche. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the association between isoflavones, lignans, and total phytoestrogens intake and AFGV and %FGV.

Results:
The average total phytoestrogen intake was 1 mg/day and %FGV was 50.7% (SD = 15.2) and AFGV 218.8 cm3 (SD = 79.3). An inverse association was found between consumption of isoflavones and AFGV, as well as, with total phytoestrogens [Q4 vs. Q1 adjusted model ß = −49.2 cm3; 95% CI (−85.5 to −13.0)].

Conclusions:
Girls with a higher intake of total phytoestrogens and isoflavones during puberty until 2 years after menarche onset had significantly lower AFGV.

Impact:
Although the intake of phytoestrogens is low in Western populations, higher consumption of them during a critical period of life like puberty could be beneficial to reduce breast cancer during adulthood.
Double Trouble: Whole-Genome Doubling Distinguishes Early from Late Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Yang Shih Yu Cindy , Pugh Trevor J. , Oza Amit M. 
Published: April 2022

Summary
Dramatic differences in outcome between early- and late-stage high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) suggest perhaps distinct genetic origins due to differences in exposures to mutational processes. Evidence to support this hypothesis was recently reported by comparative analysis of copy-number signatures between early- and late-stage HGSCs.
See related article by Cheng et al., p. 2911