bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fermi‐Level Pinning‐Free WSe2 Transistors via 2D Van der Waals Metal Contacts and Their Circuits
Authors: Jang Jisu , Ra Hyun‐Soo , Ahn Jongtae , Kim Tae Wook , Song Seung Ho , Park Soohyung , Taniguch Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Lee Kimoon , Hwang Do Kyung 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPrecise control over the polarity of transistors is a key necessity for the construction of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor circuits. However, the polarity control of 2D transistors remains a challenge because of the lack of a high‐work‐function electrode that completely eliminates Fermi‐level pinning at metal–semiconductor interfaces. Here, a creation of clean van der Waals contacts is demonstrated, wherein a metallic 2D material, chlorine‐doped SnSe2 (Cl–SnSe2), is used as the high‐work‐function contact, providing an interface that is free of defects and Fermi‐level pinning. Such clean contacts made from Cl–SnSe2 can pose nearly ideal Schottky barrier heights, following the Schottky–Mott limit and thus permitting polarity‐controllable transistors. With the integration of Cl–SnSe2 as contacts, WSe2 transistors exhibit pronounced p‐type characteristics, which are distinctly different from those of the devices with evaporated metal contacts, where n‐type transport is observed. Finally, this ability to control the polarity enables the fabrication of functional logic gates and circuits, including inverter, NAND, and NOR.
Inhibition and Reconstruction of Zener Tunneling in Photonic Honeycomb Lattices
Authors: Chang Yi‐Jun , Lu Yong‐Heng , Yang Ying‐Yue , Wang Yao , Zhou Wen‐Hao , Wang Xiao‐Wei , Jin Xian‐Min 
Published: March 2022

AbstractQuantum coherence is the central element of particle states, and it characterizes the overall performance of various quantum materials. Bloch oscillation is a fundamental coherent behavior of particles under a static potential, which can be easily destroyed by Zener tunneling in multiband 2D lattice materials. The control of Zener tunneling therefore plays the key role in quantum engineering for complicated physical systems. Here, the inhibition and reconstruction of Zener tunneling in photonic honeycomb lattices are experimentally demonstrated. Deformed honeycomb lattices are integrated and an effective static potential is realized on the 2D lattice materials. Zener tunneling disappears in stretch‐type lattices and wave packets stay in the dispersionless upper energy band. On the contrary, Zener tunneling is greatly enhanced in compression‐type lattices and wave packets exhibit directional oscillations without branches, which manifest the preserved coherence of the wave packets. The results demonstrate the protection of photonic coherence by structurally controlling the Zener tunneling, representing a step toward flexible quantum engineering for large‐scale artificial quantum materials.
Influence of Oxidation on Structure, Performance, and Application of Metallic Glasses
Authors: Zhang Mao , Huang Ting , Zhang Jiacheng , Deng Lei , Gong Pan , Wang Xinyun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOwing to their unique structure and outstanding properties, metallic glasses are a novel class of structural and functional materials with vast application prospects. However, the metastable amorphous structures and chemical activity of metallic glass constituent elements lead to frequent oxidation during preparation, processing, and application. Comprehensively understanding the oxidation behaviors and underlying mechanisms of metallic glasses is essential for gaining knowledge of metallic glass structures and properties and for promoting engineering applications. Although many studies have examined these issues, more investigations are still required to explore potential industrial applications of metallic glasses. Here, recent research on metallic glass oxidation is consolidated by summarizing the oxidation influence on metallic glass structure, performance, and application and the possibilities and feasibility of oxidizing metallic glasses to reinforce materials or develop material systems are discussed.
A Deep‐Learning‐Assisted On‐Mask Sensor Network for Adaptive Respiratory Monitoring
Authors: Fang Yunsheng , Xu Jing , Xiao Xiao , Zou Yongjiu , Zhao Xun , Zhou Yihao , Chen Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWearable respiratory monitoring is a fast, non‐invasive, and convenient approach to provide early recognition of human health abnormalities like restrictive and obstructive lung diseases. Here, a computational fluid dynamics assisted on‐mask sensor network is reported, which can overcome different user facial contours and environmental interferences to collect highly accurate respiratory signals. Inspired by cribellate silk, Rayleigh‐instability‐induced spindle‐knot fibers are knitted for the fabrication of permeable and moisture‐proof textile triboelectric sensors that hold a decent signal‐to‐noise ratio of 51.2 dB, a response time of 0.28 s, and a sensitivity of 0.46 V kPa−1. With the assistance of deep learning, the on‐mask sensor network can realize the respiration pattern recognition with a classification accuracy up to 100%, showing great improvement over a single respiratory sensor. Additionally, a customized user‐friendly cellphone application is developed to connect the processed respiratory signals for real‐time data‐driven diagnosis and one‐click health data sharing with the clinicians. The deep‐learning‐assisted on‐mask sensor network opens a new avenue for personalized respiration management in the era of the Internet of Things.
A Novel Electrochemically Switchable Conductive Polymer Interface for Controlled Capture and Release of Chemical and Biological Entities
Authors: Akbarinejad Alireza , Hisey Colin Lee , Martinez‐Calderón Miguel , Low Jeffery , Bryant Devon T. , Zhu Bicheng , Brewster Diane , Chan Eddie Wai Chi , Ashraf Jesna , Wan Ziyao , Artuyants Anastasiia , Blenkiron Cherie , Chamley Larry , Barker David , Williams David E. , Evans Clive W. , Pilkington Lisa I. , Travas‐Sejdic Jadranka 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMaterials platforms that enable controlled isolation and subsequent release of chemical/biological entities are in great demand for a diverse range of practical applications. Current technologies lack good control and efficiency of the release, which is needed to preserve the captured targets of interest. Here, this need is addressed by providing a versatile, controllable, electrochemical capture/release interface. The interface consists of a highly porous electrospun membrane, electrodeposited with a thiol‐functionalized 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) conductive terpolymer, in which the thiol moiety undergoes oxidation/reduction cycles at moderate potentials (+1.0 and −0.8 V, respectively) to enable capture/release. The fast oxidative capture (1 min) and reductive release (2 min) of a model thiol molecule in a highly controllable manner, followed by successful capture/release of an antibody, are demonstrated. Then, femtosecond laser‐patterning is used to fabricate an array of ≈30 µm pores on the electrospun membrane, subsequently coated with the conducting terpolymer, enabling the highly efficient (>90%), fast (20 min) and selective capture of MCF7 cancer cells with 33% release efficiency when polarized at −0.8 V. The released cells show a high level of viability, indicating the capture and release process does not affect cell survival.
Can Metals Other than Au be Used for Large Area Exfoliation of MoS2 Monolayers?
Authors: Johnston Ammon Cody , Khondaker Saiful I. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAu‐mediated exfoliation of 2D transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) has received significant attention due to its ability to produce large‐area monolayer (ML) flakes. This process has been attributed to strong TMD/Au binding energy (BE) as well as the uniform strain between the TMDs and Au. However, large‐area exfoliation of TMDs with other metals that have even stronger theoretical BE than Au/TMD is not successful, leading to question whether the BE plays any role in the exfoliation process. Here, successful demonstration of large‐area ML MoS2 using Cu, Ni, and Ag with various predicted strain, including Pd with almost no strain, but stronger BE than Au/MoS2 is demonstrated. Optical micrographs show MoS2 flakes with 100s of µm in size with a yield of several tens to hundreds of ML flakes per exfoliation. Photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy confirm the ML nature of the flakes, while electrical transport measurements show mobilities of ≈6 cm2 V−1 s−1 with a current on‐off ratio ≈108 consistent with high‐quality ML MoS2. Given that MoS2 can be exfoliated with metals that have strong BE irrespective of their strain values suggests that BE is the primary mechanism in successful exfoliation of large‐area ML MoS2.
Near‐Infrared to Visible Light Converter by Integrating Graphene Transistor into Perovskite Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zhao Wei , Bi Sheng , Jiang Chengming , Song Jinhui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA light converter system with high light sensitivity that could sense the near‐infrared (NIR) signal is one of the prerequisites for the whole Internet of Things (IoT) field. Here, a NIR to visible light converter (NVLC) which could emit visible light according to external NIR is reported. The NVLC is an integration of an inverted perovskite quantum dot light emitting diodes and a hybrid lead sulfide quantum dots/graphene transistor. The latter acts as a photodetector to convert NIR signals into electrical signals, and the former emits visible light with an intensity controlled by the electrical signals. The luminous intensity of the device, which emits green light with a peak of 520 nm, is positively correlated with the intensity of the NIR. Further, the micron‐scale NVLCs are integrated into a matrix device that could sense NIR image and display it into visible light image. The NVLC with sensing, converting NIR to visible light is believed to have various promising applications in the IoT field.
Polarized Raman Scattering of In‐Plane Anisotropic Phonon Modes in α‑MoO3
Authors: Gong Youning , Zhao Yanyu , Zhou Zhichao , Li Delong , Mao Hu , Bao Qiaoliang , Zhang Yupeng , Wang Guo Ping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe recent discovery of in‐plane hyperbolic phonon polaritons in biaxial polar crystal—α‐MoO3, has aroused a huge research upsurge on anisotropic photonic quasiparticles in van der Waals materials. The physical origin of these highly anisotropic phonon polaritons is attributed to the strong anisotropy of crystal phonons. However, the orientation‐dependent phonon modes have not been fully understood from crystallographic point of view. This work systematically performs in situ angle‐resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy on α‐MoO3 to investigate its anisotropic photo‐phonon interactions. The sample orientation and Raman tensors are unambiguously determined under different polarization configurations. Specifically, the in‐plane anisotropic phonon modes of α‐MoO3 can be well characterized from the highly polarization‐dependent Raman‐active modes with periodic intensity variation. It can be concluded that these findings cannot only offer a better understanding of anisotropic phonon modes in α‐MoO3, but also provide a valuable reference for other anisotropic van der Waals crystals.
Reprogrammable and Reconfigurable Photonic Molecular Logic Gates Based on Ln3+ Ions
Authors: Zanella Sofia , Hernández‐Rodríguez Miguel A. , Fu Lianshe , Carlos Luís D. , Ferreira Rute A. S. , Brites Carlos D. S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe miniaturization of the silicon chips is reaching its physical limits, and the transistors are so small that current leakage will become an insurmountable problem. Additionally, the actual chip shortage makes clear the excessive world dependence on silicon, stressing the need for silicon‐free computing strategies. Quantum computing process information by manipulating photons, and computation performed by individual molecules are being proposed as alternatives, with potential benefits in terms of miniaturization, performance enhancement, and energy efficiency. Molecular logics can play a decisive role in the future of the computer industry, and the unique photonic characteristics of trivalent lanthanide ions make them suitable candidates to integrate future molecular logic applications. In this work, a Eu3+/Tb3+ co‐doped organic–inorganic hybrid is presented as an illustrative all‐photonic logic platform constructed through the decay dynamics of both lanthanide and hybrid host emissions. Besides combinatory AND, NAND, and INH logic gates, this system presents on‐choice Eu3+, Tb3+, or host emission enabling the development of reprogrammable and reconfigurable photonic molecular logic gates. All‐photonic temperature‐reprogrammable changes from AND to INH logic gates and a reconfiguration among INH and AND1 or AND2 gates, based on the excitation wavelength are demonstrated, showing a clear step forward toward mirroring electronic logic counterparts.
Silver Nanowires Embedded Chitosan/Poly‐Lactic Acid Electrospun Nanocomposite Web Based Nanofibrous Multifunctional Membrane for Safe Water Purification
Authors: Gadkari R. R. , Ali S. Wazed , Das A. , Alagirusamy R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper reports the development of a three‐layer antibacterial cartridge system for water filtration applications. Chitosan/poly(lactic acid) (CS/PLA) nanofibers with various blend ratios are produced through an electrospinning technique. Finer and more uniform nanofibers are obtained at a 70/30 CS/PLA blend ratio, which demonstrate average 86% and 84% antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, Gram positive) and Escherichia coli (E. coli, Gram negative) bacteria, respectively. In order to further enrich the antibacterial activity, silver nanowires (AgNWs) are synthesized by a Solvothermal method and loaded into 70/30 CS/PLA nanofibers, in varying concentrations, to fabricate a CS/PLA/AgNW composite nanofibrous membrane. The CS/PLA/AgNW nanofibrous membrane loaded with 3% AgNWs demonstrates 100% antibacterial activity against both types of bacteria. The developed novel materials also adsorb heavy metal ions. Moreover, the silver leach‐out tendency of this fibrous web is found to be just 0.003 ppm over a 36 h time frame, which is well within the acceptable limit prescribed by WHO (<0.1 ppm). This 3% CS/PLA/AgNW composite nanofibrous membrane is coated over polyester nonwoven and used as a middle‐layer in the development of a three‐layer antibacterial cartridge system, which effectively removes bacterial and heavy metal ion contaminants from pond water to an extent desired to deem it potable.
Anionic Self‐Assembling Supramolecular Enhancers of Antimicrobial Efficacy against Gram‐Negative Bacteria
Authors: Boles Jessica E. , Williams George T. , Allen Nyasha , White Lisa J. , Hilton Kira L. F. , Popoola Precious I. A. , Mulvihill Daniel P. , Hiscock Jennifer R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs a result of the looming antimicrobial resistance crisis, there is an urgent need for novel antimicrobial treatments. This is particularly true for hard‐to‐treat Gram‐negative bacteria, as many antimicrobial agents are unable to cross the cell membrane to gain access to the cell interior, and thus elicit a therapeutic response. Herein, evidence is provided of the use of anionic supramolecular self‐associating amphiphiles (SSAs) as antimicrobial efficacy enhancers for commonly used antimicrobial agents, to which there is known resistance, against Gram‐negative bacteria. The co‐administration of the SSAs with antimicrobials is shown to sensitize traditionally hard to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa to both rifampicin and novobiocin, from which structure activity relationships can be elucidated. Quantitative fluorescence microscopy is performed, indicating membrane permeabilization to be the likely mode of action of drug efficacy enhancement by the SSAs. These results offer an alternative strategy in antimicrobial adjuvant design, expanding focus beyond cationic peptides and into the realm of anionic small molecules. Finally, the self‐assembly of the SSAs in the presence of these antimicrobials is investigated through a combination of quantitative NMR, tensiometry, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential studies, demonstrating the impact of these agents on SSA self‐association events.
Targeting the Negative Feedback of Adenosine‐A2AR Metabolic Pathway by a Tailored Nanoinhibitor for Photothermal Immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Yiqiong , Liu Ying , Xu Dailin , Zang Jie , Zheng Xiao , Zhao Yuge , Li Yan , He Ruiqing , Ruan Shuangrong , Dong Haiqing , Gu Jingjing , Yang Yan , Cheng Qian , Li Yongyong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe metabolite adenosine plays an important immunosuppressive role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) through its ligation with the metabolic checkpoint adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR). Here, an adenosine‐A2AR negative feedback pathway is highlighted during photothermal‐induced immunogenic cell death (ICD). Adenosine, hydrolyzed from ATP, is amplified during the photothermal‐induced ICD process. It is possible to achieve a robust ICD‐based immunotherapy via targeting the adenosine‐A2AR metabolic pathway. In this regard, an A2AR inhibitor‐loaded polydopamine nanocarrier masked by an acid‐sensitive PEG shell is designed to enable tumor‐specific delivery and photothermal‐induced ICD simultaneously. Upon reaching the acidic TME, the PEG shell selectively detaches and exposes the adhesive polydopamine layer, causing the inhibitors to accumulate at the tumor tissue. The accumulated inhibitors attenuate adenosine's metabolically suppressive effect and strengthen the ICD immune response. It occurs through promoting dendritic cell (DC) activation, increasing CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltration, and reducing the myeloid‐derived suppressor cell (MDSC) population. Furthermore, this synergistic therapy significantly regresses the primary tumor, inhibits distal tumor growth, and prevents lung metastasis. The study highlights a strategy to enhance the immunotherapy efficacy of ICD by blocking the metabolic checkpoint A2AR using advanced nanomaterials.
Tuning Acceptor Composition in Ternary Organic Photovoltaics–Impact of Domain Purity on Non‐Radiative Voltage Losses
Authors: Bi Zhaozhao , Naveed Hafiz Bilal , Wu Hongbo , Zhang Cankun , Zhou Xiaobo , Wang Jing , Wang Meng , Wu Xuanhao , Zhu Qinglian , Zhou Ke , Chen Kai , Wang Cheng , Tang Zheng , Ma Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExaggerated charge losses from excited to charge transfer (CT) and ground states in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structures results in small voltages (< 1 V) for organic solar cells (OSCs). Characterizing morphology‐voltage loss correlations is difficult due to the complexity of BHJ structures but promises the realization of 20% efficiency for OSCs. By utilizing two similar non‐fullerene acceptors (NFA) in a ternary blend, a pseudo‐binary system is constructed to control the acceptor composition and donor‐acceptor (D‐A) miscibility. Within the framework of miscibility‐morphology controlled device photovoltaics, it is found that higher D‐A miscibility results in enhanced domain purity, which is associated with inefficient excitons dissociation and improves the excited and CT state emission, thereby resulting in enhanced electroluminescence efficiency to reduce the non‐radiative (NR) loss contribution to device voltage. The simple but effective composition mediated morphology control identifies domain purity as one key feature to lower the NR recombination in high quantum yield polymer/NFA blends.
Applications of ambient ionization mass spectrometry in 2021: An annual review
Authors: Rankin‐Turner Stephanie , Reynolds James C. , Turner Matthew A. , Heaney Liam M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAmbient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS) has revolutionized the field of analytical chemistry, enabling the rapid, direct analysis of samples in their native state. Since the inception of AIMS almost 20 years ago, the analytical community has driven the further development of this suite of techniques, motivated by the plentiful advantages offered in addition to traditional mass spectrometry. Workflows can be simplified through the elimination of sample preparation, analysis times can be significantly reduced and analysis remote from the traditional laboratory space has become a real possibility. As such, the interest in AIMS has rapidly spread through analytical communities worldwide, and AIMS techniques are increasingly being integrated with standard laboratory operations. This annual review covers applications of AIMS techniques throughout 2021, with a specific focus on AIMS applications in a number of key fields of research including disease diagnostics, forensics and security, food safety testing and environmental sciences. While some new techniques are introduced, the focus in AIMS research is increasingly shifting from the development of novel techniques toward efforts to improve existing AIMS techniques, particularly in terms of reproducibility, quantification and ease‐of‐use.
Some phenolic natural compounds as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: An in vitro and in silico study
Authors: Aggul Ahmet Gokhan , Uzun Naim , Kuzu Muslum , Taslimi Parham , Gulcin Ilhami 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper presents experimental and molecular docking studies on the inhibitory effects of tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, luteolin, diosmetin, caffeic acid, luteolin 7‐O‐glycoside, and apigenin 7‐O‐glycoside from olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf against human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, E.C.4.2.1.1) isozymes I and II. After these isozymes were separately purified, their activities were determined using the esterase activity. IC50 values for hCA I and II were calculated as 2.02–11.38 µM and 2.23–9.05 µM, respectively. The compounds were identified as CA inhibitors, with Ki values in the ranges of 1.66–9.17 µM for the hCA I isozyme and 1.49–14.21 µM for hCA II. The inhibitory effects of these natural compounds were also compared to acetazolamide, which is a potent inhibitor of both CA isozymes. Our results may contribute to the synthesis of new CA inhibitors and pave the way for new drug design in the treatment of a number of diseases including cancer, obesity, diabetes, and glaucoma.
Preparation and antibacterial effect of chitooligosaccharides monomers with different polymerization degrees from crab shell chitosan by enzymatic hydrolysis
Authors: Zhao Xin‐Peng , Liu Jie , Sui Zhu‐Jun , Xu Meng‐Jie , Zhu Zhen‐Yuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the structure and antibacterial properties of chitooligosaccharide monomers with different polymerization degrees and to provide a theoretical basis for inhibiting Salmonella infection. Chitosan was used as a raw material to prepare and separate low‐molecular‐weight chitooligosaccharides. Chitobiose, chitotriose, and chitotetraose were obtained by gradient elution with cation exchange resin. The molecular weights and acetyl groups of the three monomers were determined by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), respectively. Three chitooligosaccharide monomers were used to explore the antibacterial effect on Salmonella. The results showed that the degree of deacetylation of chitosan was 92.6%, and the enzyme activity of chitosanase was 102.53 U/g. Within 18 h, chitosan was enzymatically hydrolyzed to chitooligosaccharides containing chitobiose, chitotriose, and chitotetraose, which were analyzed by thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) and MALDI‐TOF. MALD‐TOF and TLC showed that the separation of monomers with ion exchange resins was effective, and NMR showed that there was no acetyl group. Chitobiose had a poor inhibitory effect on Salmonella, and chitotriose and chitotetraose had equivalent antibacterial effects.