bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of the multidisciplinary Endocarditis Team on the management of infective endocarditis
Authors: Wahadat A. R. , Tanis W. , Galema T. W. , Swart L. E. , van Leeuwen W. J. , Verkaik N. J. , Schurink C. A. M. , van Dalen B. , Zoet-Nugteren S. , Gurlek C. , Budde R. P. J. , Roos-Hesselink J. W. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
In their latest guidelines for infective endocarditis (IE) (2015), the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) introduced the implementation of the Endocarditis Team (ET) to facilitate the management of IE. This study presents our experiences and the diagnostic and therapeutic impact of the ET on the management of IE.

Methods
From 2016–2020, data of all patients with suspected IE referred to the ET were prospectively collected. The final diagnosis was defined by the ET as either rejected, possible or definite IE. Diagnostic impact was scored as any change in initial diagnosis, the frequency of additional diagnostic tests advised by the ET and any change in diagnosis after these tests. Therapeutic impact was scored as any change in antibiotic therapy or change from conservative to invasive therapy or vice versa.

Results
A total of 321 patients (median age 67 [55–77] years, 71% male) were enrolled. The final diagnosis was rejected IE in 47 (15%), possible IE in 34 (11%) and definite IE in 240 (75%) patients. A change of initial diagnosis was seen in 53/321(17%) patients. Additional microbiological tests were advised in 69/321 (21%) patients, and additional imaging tests in 136/321 (42%) patients, which resulted in subsequent change in diagnosis in 23/321 (7%) patients. Any change in antibiotic treatment was advised in 135/321 (42%) patients, and change from initial conservative to additional surgical treatment in 15/321 (5%) patients.

Conclusion
The ET had a clear impact on the therapeutic policy for patients with suspected IE and is useful in the management of this life-threatening disease. Broad implementation is warranted.
Insight on the Dependence of the Drug Delivery Applications of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles on Their Physical Properties
Authors: Fathy Mohamed M. , Yassin Fatma M. , Elshemey Wael M. , Fahmy Heba M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Summary
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are fascinating due to their interesting properties and applications.

Purpose
The optimization of MSNs for drug delivery applications was achieved by preparing different formulations of MSNs using different concentrations of ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) (0.7, 1.4, 2.8, 4.2, and 5.6 mg/ml for MSN1, MSN2, MSN3, MSN4, and MSN5, respectively).

Methods
In the synthesis of MSNs, NH4OH was used as a catalyst while tetraethyl orthosilicate were used as a source of silica. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image revealed a linear increase in the size of the formed MSNs with increase in catalyst concentration. TEM images showed that all investigated nanoparticles were dispersed and spherical (changed to oval on addition of higher concentration of NH4OH).

Results
The hydrodynamic sizes of prepared MSNs were (64.18 ± 6.8, 90.46 ± 7.1, 118.98 ± 7.01, 152.7 ± 1.7, and 173.9 ± 9.36 nm for MSN1, MSN2, MSN3, MSN4, and MSN5, respectively) assessed using the dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique. The negative values of zeta potential indicated high surface stability of the formed MSNs. N2-isotherm revealed that the pore volume of MSNs decreased with increase in the size of MSNs. In vitro drug release showed that all MSNs exhibited high encapsulation efficiency of doxorubicin. The encapsulation efficiency were 92.2%, 82.8%, 72.2%, 72.1% and 71.9%for MSN1, MSN2, MSN3, MSN4, and MSN5, respectively.

Conclusion
MSN1 and MSN2, with sizes of 64.18 ± 6.8 and 90.46 ± 7.1 nm, pore volume of 0.89 and 0.356 cc/g, encapsulation efficiency of 92.2% and 82.8%, and adequate drug release profiles, were probably the best choices for a drug carrier in drug delivery applications.
Effect of acid treatment on the geomechanical properties of rocks: an experimental investigation in Ahdeb oil field
Authors: Alameedy Usama , Alhaleem Ayad A. , Isah Abubakar , Al-Yaseri Ahmed , Mahmoud Mohamed , Salih Ibrahim Saeb 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAcidizing is one of the most used stimulation techniques in the petroleum industry. Several reports have been issued on the difficulties encountered during the stimulation operation of the Ahdeb oil field, particularly in the development of the Mishrif reservoir, including the following: (1) high injection pressures make it difficult to inject acid into the reservoir formation, and (2) only a few acid jobs have been effective in Ahdeb oil wells, while the bulk of the others has been unsuccessful. The significant failure rate of oil well stimulation in this deposit necessitates more investigations. Thus, we carried out this experimental study to systematically investigate the influence of acid treatment on the geomechanical properties of Mi4 formation of the Mishrif reservoir. The acid core-flood experiments were performed on seven core samples from the oil reservoir in central Iraq. The porosity, permeability, acoustic velocities, rock strength, and dynamic elastic parameters were computed before and after the acidizing treatment. To determine the optimal acid injection rate, different injection flow rates were used in the core-flooding experiments. The propagation of an acid-induced wormhole and its effect on the rock properties were analyzed and compared to that of intact rocks. Computed tomography (CT) scan and a 3D reconstruction technique were also conducted to establish the size and geometry of the generated wormhole. To analyze the influence of mineralogical variation and heterogeneity and confirm the consistency of the outcomes, acidizing experiments on different rock samples were conducted. The results demonstrate that for all the rock samples studied, the mechanical properties exhibit rock weakening post-acid treatment. The Young’s modulus reduced by 26% to 37%, while the Poisson’s ratio, the coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest, and the material index increased by 13% to 20%, 23% to 32%, and 28% to 125%, respectively. The CT scan visually confirmed that the acid treatment effectively creates a pathway for fluid flow through the core.
Inequality assessment in a dynamic framework with heterogenous agents
Authors: Palestini Arsen , Pignataro Giuseppe 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe propose a method to carry out an inequality assessment in a dynamic and cross-sectional framework, by applying the dynamic version of a suitable inequality index, such as the Gini coefficient, as a function of time. We use our methodology to a setup where the optimal value functions is the individuals’ income flows while the initial conditions characterize their level of wealth. When the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman system of equations can be solved in closed form, the monotone path of the income distribution is established. Extending the model according to a government intervention gives the possibility to study, first policy for reducing income inequality under a specific exogenous target, and second to minimise income inequality across individuals.
Seniorenbildung in der Pandemie: Programmplanung zwischen Digitalisierung und Begegnung, zwischen Lähmung und Innovation
Authors: Kulmus Claudia 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag basiert auf einer Interviewstudie mit acht Programmplanenden in Einrichtungen mit Bildungsangeboten für Ältere. Es wird nach den Planungsstrategien in der Pandemie und grundsätzlichen Orientierungen für die Aufrechterhaltung des Programms gefragt. Im Ergebnis stehen vier Strategien: eine kontinuierliche digitale Innovation, eine strukturelle Innovation, ein abwartendes Situationsbeobachten, ein Wunsch nach Rückkehr zum Alten. Diese Strategien werden entlang von zwei Spannungsfeldern (zwischen Wissensvermittlung und Begegnung sowie zwischen Lähmung und Innovation) entwickelt. Mit diesem Ansatz wird das Spektrum an Möglichkeiten der empirischen Analyse von Programmplanungshandeln erweitert, in dem entlang von grundlegenden Orientierungen Planungsstrategien sichtbar gemacht werden.
Pattern analysis of physiological data for the assessment of mental workload
Authors: Bläsing Dominic 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMeasuring mental workload at the workplace using (psycho-) physiological measurement techniques seems desirable but is difficult to implement. Conventional analysis techniques are designed to cover longer measurement durations, neglecting the demands of modern work places: high worker flexibility and constantly fluctuating mental workload. As an alternative analysis approach, measurement (resp. analysis) duration can be shortened and event-based pattern analysis of various physiological parameters can be performed. The effects of such approaches are demonstrated by experimental examples. Furthermore, an event-timestamp independent framework is presented. Focusing on occasionally occurring peaks and longer lasting plateaus in mental workload trajectories, an automatized analysis of workload during work processes becomes possible.Practical relevance: With steadily increasing cognitive demands at work the risk of mental fatigue increases too. Mental workload is not directly observable at the workplace and the objective measurement and interpretation is complicated. Improving the overall assessment and analysis strategies for (physiological) mental workload indicators can benefit the quality of risk assessments of workplaces and processes as well as enable the possibility of demand-orientated control of (informational) assistance systems to prevent mental overload and resulting health constraints.
Antikoagulation und Knochenstoffwechsel
Authors: Gasser Rudolf W. 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDie in der Antikoagulation verwendeten Medikamente Heparin, Vitamin-K-Antagonisten (VKA) und DOAC (direkte orale Antikoagulanzien) bzw. NOAC (nicht Vitamin-K-antagonistische orale Antikoagulanzien) haben unterschiedliche Auswirkungen auf den Knochenstoffwechsel, die Knochenmineraldichte und das Frakturrisiko. Eine längerfristige Anwendung von unfraktioniertem Heparin (UFH) führt zu einer Abnahme der Knochenmineraldichte und zu einem erhöhten Frakturrisiko. Niedermolekulares Heparin (LMWH) hat längerfristig eine geringe negative Wirkung auf den Knochenstoffwechsel, ein erhöhtes Frakturrisiko ist dabei nicht eindeutig nachgewiesen. VKA haben eine ausgeprägt negative Wirkung auf den Knochenstoffwechsel durch eine Störung der Osteokalzinbildung. Als Folge wurde in mehreren Studien bei längerfristiger Anwendung eine Abnahme der Knochenmineraldichte festgestellt, das Frakturrisiko ist aber nur mäßiggradig erhöht. DOAC/NOAC haben keine gravierenden klinisch relevanten Auswirkungen auf den Knochenstoffwechsel; eine etwas stärkere Abnahme der Knochendichte gegenüber Kontrollen wurde in einer Studie festgestellt, eine Zunahme des Frakturrisikos wurde nicht nachgewiesen. Mehrfache Vergleichsstudien zur Frakturhäufigkeit zwischen VKA und DOAC/NOAC zeigen ein mäßig hohes Frakturrisiko bei beiden Medikamentengruppen, aber immer geringer bei DOAC/NOAC als bei VKA; das geringste Frakturrisiko zeigt sich bei Apixaban. Aus osteologischer Sicht sind bei einer Antkoagulanzientherapie DOAC/NOAC zu bevorzugen, falls keine Kontraindikation besteht. Die Auswahl des Medikaments für eine langfristige Antikoagulation sollte daher auch berücksichtigen, ob für den betroffenen Patienten ein erhöhtes Frakturrisiko besteht, wie z. B. höheres Lebensalter, Osteoporose oder eine vorbestehende Fraktur.
“Immersed within the rock itself”: Student experiences rock climbing in outdoor education
Authors: Jane Jack , Wattchow Brian , Thomas Glyn 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOutdoor education has a long tradition of using adventurous activities like rock climbing to achieve learning outcomes. Concepts like adventure, perceived risk, and flow have been used to justify the inclusion of these activities. However, the arguments for their inclusion have been eroded in recent decades, leading the authors of this paper to ask: How do students actually experience an activity like rockclimbing? In addition, outdoor activities/sports have often been grouped together, as if they were one activity, rather than distinct activities, that may require specific pedagogic considerations. This paper presents the findings of research into one group of secondary school students and their experiences rock climbing while on an OE camp at Mt Arapiles/ Dyurrite in Victoria, Australia. It re-tells their stories about two climbing contexts - top rope and multi pitch climbing. Data collected through interviews were used to retell the student’s stories about their climbing experiences and inform our analysis of how rockclimbing practices may be modified to better suit evolving ideas within outdoor education. The study highlights the impact that guides have on student’s experiences and the need for program design to be guided by intended learning outcomes. Finally, we recommend more research into students’ lived experiences across the OE curriculum to develop more nuanced outdoor education programs.
‘It hasn’t Been the Best Year, but here I am’: Young Adults Interpreting their Agency in Relation to the Self-Governing Discourse, Social Relations and Life Contexts
Authors: Niemi Anna-Maija 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe
aim of this article is to explore with a longitudinal research approach how young adults narrate their life course and build their agency in relation to societal expectations with the support of their social relations and societal awareness. The article leans on the ethnography-based life historical interview data produced in 2017–2020 with a small group of Finnish young adults who are regarded as having a migrant or special education background. The discursive–narrative analysis shows that the interviewees make sense of themselves and their agency within the individualised self-governing discourse, especially when narrating the future. They also, however, distance themselves from that discourse by attaching themselves to social and religious relations and societal inequalities, especially when narrating the present and the past. Based on the analysis, I claim that recognising their own position in the school system and in wider society helped the interviewees understand obstacles along the way and be understanding towards themselves and others.
Perceptions of Patient Safety Culture Dimensions among Hospital Nurses: A Systematic Review
Authors: Almutairi Sultan , Aljohani Abdulrahman , Awad Mansour , Saha Chandni , Alhobaishi Hamed , Almutairi Ahmad , Al Mutair Abbas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Patient safety culture, an important aspect in the field of patient safety, plays an important role in the promotion of healthcare quality. Improved patient safety culture decreases patient readmission rates, lengths of hospital stay, and patient safety issues. Patient safety culture includes a set of dimensions. This review focuses on the differing perceptions of these dimensions among healthcare providers in hospitals.

Aims
This study aimed to identify studies examining healthcare providers’ perceptions of patient safety culture in hospitals and to summarize the data from these studies.

Method
Electronic database searching was based on the research question. Two electronic databases were used: CINHAL and Scopus. The search was limited to the period 2005–2012, and studies examining healthcare providers’ perceptions of patient safety culture were identified. Key terms were used to search the articles that were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Articles examining healthcare providers’ perceptions of patient safety culture in hospitals without comparison between nurses and other healthcare professionals were selected.

Results
Eight articles were reviewed. Several questionnaires were used to assess healthcare providers’ perceptions of patient safety culture in these articles. Our review indicated differences in healthcare providers’ perceptions. In two articles, participants reported a high positive response to teamwork. In addition, participants in the other two articles reported a high positive response to job satisfaction.

Conclusion
The results of the current review reveal healthcare providers’ perceptions of patient safety culture. The results highlight that careful recognition and committed work on various scales/dimensions of patient safety culture can improve healthcare quality and consequently decrease patient safety issues associated with nursing care. Our findings also encourage hospital management and decision-makers to focus on and establish improvements in areas that will positively affect the quality of healthcare.
Reduction in Hospital Transfers at a US COVID-19 Alternate Care Site: Maintaining Surge Capacity Support in Imperial County, California
Authors: Zhang Frank W. , Meghoo Colin A. , Staats Katherine L. , Hayes Elizabeth Perkins , Metzner Mitch , Sobel Julia , Hultquist Eric , Noste Erin E. , Wright Charles E. , Devereaux Asha , Backer Howard 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective:
The transfer rate for patients from an Alternate Care Site (ACS) back to a hospital may serve as a metric of appropriate patient selection and the ability of an ACS to treat moderate to severely ill patients accepted from overwhelmed health-care systems. During the coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, hospitals worldwide experienced acute surges of patients presenting with acute respiratory failure.

Methods:
An ACS in Imperial County, California was re-established in November 2020 to help decompress 2 local hospitals experiencing surges of COVID-19 cases. The patients treated often had multiple comorbid illnesses and required a median supplemental oxygen of 3 L/min (LPM) on admission. Numerous interventions were initiated during a 2-wk period to improve clinical care delivery.

Results:
The objectives of this retrospective observational study are to evaluate the impact of these clinical and staff interventions at an ACS on the transfer rate and to provide issues to consider for future ACS sites managing COVID-19 patients.

Conclusions:
The data suggest that continuous, real-time process-improvement interventions helped reduce the transfer rate back to hospitals from 36.7% to 14.5% and that an ACS is a viable option for managing symptomatic COVID-19 positive patients requiring hospital-level care when hospitals are overburdened.
“Our Issue Positions are Strong, and Our Opponents’ Valence is Weak”: An Analysis of Parties' Campaign Strategies in Ten Western European Democracies
Authors: Bjarnøe Camilla , Adams James , Boydstun Amber 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPolitical parties face strategic decisions about whether to campaign onissue-based appeals, pertaining to debates over such issues as economic, immigration, and environmental policies, versusvalence-based appeals, emphasizing leadership attributes, such as character (integrity, honesty, and so on), along with performance, that is, the ability to deliver positive outcomes. To better understand these choices, we analyze parties' national election campaign strategies across ten Western European democracies. We argue for, and empirically substantiate, an:our issues versus their valenceeffect, that is, that parties' self-presentations will be more issue-based than their presentations of opponents; anextremist party issue focuseffect, that is, that parties with more extreme ideologies most strongly emphasize issues over valence in their self-presentations; and aprime ministerial valence focus effect, that is, that prime ministerial parties more strongly self-present on valence. These findings have implications for election outcomes and mass–elite linkages.
Dose-response of two Jack O’Lantern pumpkin cultivars to fomesafen applied preemergence
Authors: Arana Jeanine , Meyers Stephen L. , Johnson William G. , Guan Wenjing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThree dose-response trials were performed in 2020 and 2021 to determine the tolerance of two Jack O’Lantern pumpkin cultivars to fomesafen applied preemergence at two Indiana locations: the Southwest Purdue Agricultural Center (SWPAC) and the Pinney Purdue Agricultural Center (PPAC). The experiment was a split-plot arrangement in which the main plot was the fomesafen rate of application (0, 280, 560, 840, and 1,220 g ai ha–1), and the subplot was the pumpkin cultivar (‘Bayhorse Gold’ and ‘Carbonado Gold’). As the fomesafen rate increased from 280 to 1,120 g ha–1, the predicted pumpkin emergence decreased from 85% to 25% of the nontreated control at SWPAC-2020, but only from 99% to 74% at both locations in 2021. The severe impact on emergence at SWPAC-2020 was attributed to rainfall. Visible injury included bleaching and chlorosis due to the herbicide splashing from the soil surface onto the leaves and included stunting, but injury was transient. As the fomesafen rate increased from 280 to 1,120 g ha–1, the predicted marketable orange pumpkin yield decreased from 95% to 24% of the nontreated control at SWPAC-2020 and 98% to 74% at PPAC-2021. Similarly, the predicted marketable orange pumpkin fruit number decreased from 94% to 21% at SWPAC-2020 and 98% to 74% at PPAC-2021. Fomesafen rate did not affect marketable orange pumpkin yield and fruit number at SWPAC-2021 and marketable orange pumpkin fruit weight at any location-year. Overall, the fomesafen rate of 280 g ha–1 was safe for use preemergence in the pumpkin cultivars ‘Bayhorse Gold’ and ‘Carbonado Gold’ within one day after planting, but there is a risk of increased crop injury with increasing rainfall.
Resolving Shallow Moment Releases of Megathrust Earthquakes by Empirical Green’s Function‐Based Inversions: A New Approach for Tsunami Warning
Authors: Wang Zexin , Yue Han 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTsunamis are secondary hazards generated by megathrust earthquakes, which are commonly related to coseismic slips occurring at shallow depths. Various methods were proposed to quickly predict tsunami excitations, while these methods mostly require specific observations or modeling techniques, which limits their application to global subduction zones. In this study, we propose an inversion technique that utilizes the water‐reverberation phases in teleseismic P coda waves to discriminate shallow and deep slips and adopts teleseismic empirical Green’s functions (EGFs) to enable rapid inversions. We developed an EGF extraction and interpolation method to construct Green’s functions. We apply this algorithm to seven megathrust earthquakes, which have been well studied and identified with or without significant shallow slips. In comparison with inversions performed with theoretical Green’s functions, the EGF‐based inversion technique is more effective in discriminating these two types of earthquakes. We propose a threshold to evaluate the percentage of shallow moment releases and found that the EGF‐based inversion result resembles that of joint inversion results. We also analyze the possibility to apply the EGF‐based inversion technique for tsunami warning purposes and infer that it serves as a promising algorithm to enable efficient tsunami early warning.