bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a linked open data resource for direct speech acts in Greek and Latin epic
Authors: Forstall Christopher W , Finkmann Simone , Verhelst Berenice 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Digital Initiative for Classics: Epic Speeches (DICES) research group reports here on preliminary work to integrate research on Greek and Latin epic speeches into the larger ecosystem of linked open data (LOD) for classical scholarship. The ability to collate speech data from different researchers and to leverage external repositories of texts and characters opens up new possibilities for interrogation of the epic corpus. We briefly survey the current state of scholarship on epic speeches and of the digital infrastructure on which we propose to build. We outline a model for harmonizing speech data across studies and aligning it with existing LOD standards. Finally, we discuss some early proof-of-concept results and the larger implications of this approach for the field. The long-term aim of the DICES project is to build a database of metadata on direct speech in Greek and Latin epic, not only covering canonical texts such as Homer and Virgil, but also including the less-studied texts of the late antique period, which will benefit greatly both from the increased accessibility and also from the diachronic perspective afforded by a corpus-based approach. The envisioned database also has the potential to include diachronic data from additional genres and languages at a later stage.
Handling Tovey’s Bach
Authors: Phillips Reuben 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Adopting an approach inspired by the field of book history, this article examines a heavily annotated copy of the Bach-Gesellschaft edition that belonged to Donald Francis Tovey. Tovey’s annotations mix scholarly acumen with witticism and wonderment, variously providing thoughts on performance practice, complaints about idiotic editors, personal memories of past performances, and penetrating critical commentary. I consider the affordances of this edition as a material object, reflecting on the new ways of being around Bach’s music that it enabled. The later sections of the article suggest that Tovey’s wider engagement with Bach’s music might be viewed as a kind of resistance to the Gesellschaft edition’s presentation of Bach’s compositions as a series of ontologically stable musical works. As well as contributing new insights into Tovey’s achievements, I demonstrate the value of a richer understanding of what might constitute ‘score-based’ engagement with music in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.
Low-efficiency long gamma-ray bursts: a case study with AT2020blt
Authors: Sarin N , Hamburg R , Burns E , Ashton G , Lasky P D , Lamb G P 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The Zwicky Transient Facility recently announced the detection of an optical transient AT2020blt at redshift z = 2.9, consistent with the afterglow of an on-axis gamma-ray burst. However, no prompt emission was observed. We analyse AT2020blt with detailed models, showing the data are best explained as the afterglow of an on-axis long gamma-ray burst, ruling out other hypotheses such as a cocoon and a low-Lorentz factor jet. We search Fermi data for prompt emission, setting deeper upper limits on the prompt emission than in the original detection paper. Together with KONUS-Wind observations, we show that the gamma-ray efficiency of AT2020blt is $\lesssim 0.3\!-\!4.5{{\ \rm per\, cent}}$. We speculate that AT2020blt and AT2021any belong to the low-efficiency tail of long gamma-ray burst distributions that are beginning to be readily observed due to the capabilities of new observatories like the Zwicky Transient Facility.
A deterministic code for transcription factor-DNA recognition through computation of binding interfaces
Authors: Trerotola Marco , Antolini Laura , Beni Laura , Guerra Emanuela , Spadaccini Mariano , Verzulli Damiano , Moschella Antonino , Alberti Saverio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The recognition code between transcription factor (TF) amino acids and DNA bases remains poorly understood. Here, the determinants of TF amino acid-DNA base binding selectivity were identified through the analysis of crystals of TF-DNA complexes. Selective, high-frequency interactions were identified for the vast majority of amino acid side chains (‘structural code’). DNA binding specificities were then independently assessed by meta-analysis of random-mutagenesis studies of Zn finger-target DNA sequences. Selective, high-frequency interactions were identified for the majority of mutagenized residues (‘mutagenesis code’). The structural code and the mutagenesis code were shown to match to a striking level of accuracy (P = 3.1 × 10−33), suggesting the identification of fundamental rules of TF binding to DNA bases. Additional insight was gained by showing a geometry-dictated choice among DNA-binding TF residues with overlapping specificity. These findings indicate the existence of a DNA recognition mode whereby the physical-chemical characteristics of the interacting residues play a deterministic role. The discovery of this DNA recognition code advances our knowledge on fundamental features of regulation of gene expression and is expected to pave the way for integration with higher-order complexity approaches.
Physics-informed deep-learning parameterization of ocean vertical mixing improves climate simulations
Authors: Zhu Yuchao , Zhang Rong-Hua , Moum James N , Wang Fan , Li Xiaofeng , Li Delei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Uncertainties in ocean-mixing parameterizations are primary sources for ocean and climate modeling biases. Due to lack of process understanding, traditional physics-driven parameterizations perform unsatisfactorily in the tropics. Recent advances in the deep-learning method and the new availability of long-term turbulence measurements provide an opportunity to explore data-driven approaches to parameterizing oceanic vertical-mixing processes. Here, we describe a novel parameterization based on an artificial neural network trained using a decadal-long time record of hydrographic and turbulence observations in the tropical Pacific. This data-driven parameterization achieves higher accuracy than current parameterizations, demonstrating good generalization ability under physical constraints. When integrated into an ocean model, our parameterization facilitates improved simulations in both ocean-only and coupled modeling. As a novel application of machine learning to the geophysical fluid, these results show the feasibility of using limited observations and well-understood physical constraints to construct a physics-informed deep-learning parameterization for improved climate simulations.
Legislative Overreach, Adaptation and Administrative Re-regulation in Environmental Law
Authors: Pedersen Ole W 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article interrogates the use of regulatory position statements (RPSs) by the Environment Agency. Through an RPS, the Environment Agency undertakes to take no enforcement action against an operator in circumstances that ordinarily constitutes a breach of the law. The article argues that RPSs serve several important functions, chief among which is to respond to regulatory overreach, which arises when legislators enact comprehensive statutory instruments to deal with complex and technical matters such as environmental protection. Beyond responding to regulatory overreach, the RPSs also serve to provide regulators with a regulatory tool that allows flexible and swift changes to the regulatory regime when faced with unforeseen challenges. Although their informal enactment suggests otherwise, the RPSs have significant ‘law-like’ implications, giving rise to a regulatory hybrid instrument, which is neither law or policy nor a rule or a discretionary power. Moreover, even if RPSs serve to disapply important statutory controls, they impose a range of additional and vague regulatory conditions and requirements. RPSs therefore contribute to a regulatory system which fluctuates between regulation, deregulation and re-regulation.
Empirical Research and Recommendations for Moral Action: A Plea for the Transparent Reporting of Bridge Principles in Public Health Research
Authors: Kuehlmeyer Katja , Mertz Marcel , Haltaufderheide Joschka , Kremling Alexander , Schleidgen Sebastian , Inthorn Julia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Academic publications of empirical public health research often entail recommendations for moral action that address practitioners and policy makers. These recommendations are regularly based on implicit moral judgments with the underlying reasons not explicitly stated. In this paper, we elaborate on the moral relevance of such judgments and the need to explain them in order to account for academic argumentation. We argue for an explicit reporting of bridge principles to increase the transparency of the reporting of public health research. The reporting of bridge principles can inform readers, support them in understanding the relationship between empirical and normative claims in a specific paper, and may pave new ways for the rigorous reporting of empirical research that has moral implications. Furthermore, it can be used to classify studies to systematically address the justification for their argumentation.
Phytoplankton and particle size spectra indicate intense mixotrophic dinoflagellates grazing from summer to winter
Authors: García-Oliva Ovidio , Hantzsche Florian M , Boersma Maarten , Wirtz Kai W 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mixotrophic dinoflagellates (MTD) are a diverse group of organisms often responsible for the formation of harmful algal blooms. However, the development of dinoflagellate blooms and their effects on the plankton community are still not well explored. Here we relate the species succession of MTD with parallel changes of phytoplankton size spectra during periods of MTD dominance. We used FlowCAM analysis to acquire size spectra in the range 2–200 μm every one or two weeks from July to December 2007 at Helgoland Roads (Southern North Sea). Most size spectra of dinoflagellates were bimodal, whereas for other groups, e.g. diatoms and autotrophic flagellates, the spectra were unimodal, which indicates different resource use strategies of autotrophs and mixotrophs. The biomass lost in the size spectrum correlates with the potential grazing pressure of MTD. Based on size-based analysis of trophic linkages, we suggest that mixotrophy, including detritivory, drives species succession and facilitates the formation of bimodal size spectra. Bimodality in particular indicates niche differentiation through grazing of large MTD on smaller MTD. Phagotrophy of larger MTD may exceed one of the smaller MTD since larger prey was more abundant than smaller prey. Under strong light limitation, a usually overlooked refuge strategy may derive from detritivory. The critical role of trophic links of MTD as a central component of the plankton community may guide future observational and theoretical research.
Tensor force effect on pairing correlations for the Gamow–Teller transition in 42Ca, 46Ti, and 18O
Authors: Ha Eunja , Cheoun Myung-Ki , Sagawa H 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We investigate the tensor force (TF) effect on the Gamow–Teller (GT) transition strength distributions in 42Ca, 46Ti, and 18O, which are known to have strong low-energy GT states, the so-called low-energy super GT (LeSGT) transition, peculiar to nuclei retaining a neutron number N = Z + 2. The TF is explicitly taken into account in the pairing channels of the residual interaction on top of the mean field described by a deformed Woods–Saxon potential. The pairing matrix elements (PMEs) comprising isoscalar and isovector parts, which consistently describe both the ground and the GT excited states, are calculated by a Brückner G-matrix based on the charge-dependent Bonn potential. By switching the TF on and off in the PMEs, we deduce meaningful correlations between the TF and the GT strength distributions. It is found that an attractive TF affects not only the ground state but also plays a crucial role in shifting the main GT peak to the low excitation-energy region leading to the LeSGT.
The Experiences and Needs of Families of Comatose Patients After Cardiac Arrest and Severe Neurotrauma: The Perspectives of National Key Stakeholders During a National Institutes of Health–Funded Workshop
Authors: Muehlschlegel Susanne , Perman Sarah M. , Elmer Jonathan , Haggins Adrianne , Teixeira Bailey Natalie D. , Huang Jennifer , Jansky Liz , Kirchner Jessica , Kasperek-Wynn Renee , Lipman Paula Darby , Yeatts Sharon D. , Fetters Michael D. , Dickert Neal W. , Silbergleit Robert 
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Severe acute brain injury (SABI) from cardiac arrest and traumatic brain injury happens suddenly and unexpectedly, carrying high potential for lifelong disability with substantial prognostic uncertainty. Comprehensive assessments of family experiences and support needs after SABI are lacking. Our objective is to elicit “on-the-ground” perspectives about the experiences and needs of families of patients with SABI.

DESIGN:
Two-phase qualitative study of families and multidisciplinary U.S. healthcare professionals (mHCPs) with expertise in SABI: Phase 1 included semistructured interviews to generate formative findings; phase 2 entailed facilitated discussions to confirm and expand initial findings.

SETTING:
Phase 1: academic medical center; phase 2: virtual workshop.

SUBJECTS:
Phase 1 included seven family members and 12 mHCPs. Phase 2 included nationally recruited stakeholders (17 family members and 12 mHCPs).

INTERVENTION:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS:
We explored: 1) what are families’ needs in the first 48 hours? 2) How are these needs addressed? and 3) How can hospitals better meet these needs? Qualitative analysis included inductive and deductive approaches guided by a conceptual ecological model. Four major needs were identified: 1) challenges in coping with uncertainty in early prognostication, 2) inattention to physical needs of family, 3) deficits in compassionate and consistent communication, and 4) need for engagement with families as stakeholders in improving future practices. Participants’ recommendations included: 1) ways to communicate more clearly and consistently, 2) better assistance with navigating resources and access to places for families to care for themselves, and 3) opportunities for families to remain connected with their loved ones, social support networks, and the clinical team.

CONCLUSIONS:
Stakeholders identified novel insights regarding families’ experiences during the hospitalization of comatose SABI patients and factors that can contribute to improved decision-making and physical/emotional outcomes. Interventions to address these unmet needs are promising targets to improve outcomes.
Incidence of Adverse Events Associated With the In-Hospital Transport of Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Nonami Suguru , Kawakami Daisuke , Ito Jiro , Ouchi Kenjiro , Miyoshi Yusuke , Tatebe Masao , Tsuchida Takahiro , Seo Ryutaro , Mima Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2022

IMPORTANCE:
Despite various reports on the incidence of adverse events related to the in-hospital transport of critically ill patients, there is little verification of the correlation between the occurrence of adverse events and the use of checklists. The risk factors for the occurrence of adverse events during transport based on the use of checklists have not been well studied. Understanding them can contribute to making patient transport safer.

OBJECTIVES:
We aimed to investigate the frequency of adverse events and risk factors related to the in-hospital transport of critically ill patients in a hospital that uses a checklist for transporting patients.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:
This single-center, prospective, observational study was conducted between February 1, 2020, and July 31, 2020, at Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan. Patients greater than or equal to 18 years old who were admitted to the ICU and were transported for examination or procedures were included.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:
The transport member recorded patient information and any adverse events that occurred and filled out an information collection form. We then applied multivariate analysis to identify risk factors.

RESULTS:
A total of 117 transports for 117 patients were evaluated in this study. Twenty-two adverse events occurred in 20 transports (17.1%). There were nine transports (7.7%) in which the patients required treatment, all of which were related to patient instability. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the use of sedative drugs was related to adverse events (odds ratio, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.0–8.5; p = 0.04). We were not able to show a relationship of either the severity of the illness or body mass index with the occurrence of adverse events.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:
This study revealed that the frequency of adverse events related to the in-hospital transportation of critically ill patients based on the use of a checklist was 17.1% and that the use of sedatives was associated with adverse events.
The role of imaging in immunoglobulin G4-related disease of the upper urinary tract
Authors: Taktak Samih , El-Taji Omar , Venugopal Suresh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background:
Immunoglobulin G4-related disease remains a modern, relatively unknown field in the urological world. An increasing number of cases require urological input, often with invasive diagnostics and aggressive medical treatment first-line. Given this, we sought to evaluate modern radiological options of disease affecting the upper urinary tract, to provide clarity and reduce diagnostic burden and delay in this poorly understood yet potentially debilitating disease process.

Summary:
We conducted a systematic literature search including PubMed and Medline, focusing on immunoglobulin G4-related disease affecting the upper urinary tract, before reviewing articles assessing different radiological modalities in diagnosis. Consistent computed tomography findings have been demonstrated in the literature and contributed to recent breakthroughs in classification criteria, however invasive biopsy remains a mainstay in work-up, given the difficulties in comparing against malignancy. Early work in positron-emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging has shown promise in radiologically distinguishing from other differentials, especially diffusion-weighted imaging showing high sensitivity levels, but not yet enough to formulate protocols and cause histological investigation to be redundant.

Key messages:
Our article has highlighted repeated findings in the literature of computed tomography appearances of IgG4-RD in the upper urinary tract, however invasive work-up remains a mainstay given the overlap with malignancy. Prospective, comparative studies into magnetic resonance imaging and positron-emission tomography are now required, given their early results, to improve consistency in reporting and reduce patient burden when investigating this benign, yet debilitating disease process.
The Occupational Medicine Pipeline
Authors: Zheng Shoshana , Rivera Margarin Aisha , Connaughton Peter , Spanjaard Herman , Crispen Reese , Ording Julie , Cloeren Marianne 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
To learn how occupational and environmental medicine (OEM) expertise is developed and maintained around the world and to inform strategies for further international development of OEM.

Methods:
An anonymous survey was conducted of leaders of the 48 member societies (from 43 countries) of the International Occupational Medicine Society Collaborative (IOMSC) to evaluate OEM training, certification, maintenance, and recertification requirements.

Results:
OEM physician leaders representing 46 of the 48 IOMSC member societies (95.8%) completed the survey between December 2019 and February 2020. Academic post-graduate and on-the-job training were the most frequent methods for developing OEM expertise, with little use of online coursework and minimal OEM content in medical school in most countries. Occupational medicine board certification usually required graduate specialty training and passing a certification examination, while occupational medicine recertification requirements were uncommon.

Conclusion:
The IOMSC is positioned to support the international development of OEM expertise by sharing information on competencies, best practices in medical education curriculum content and examples of OEM specialty certification pathways from different countries.
Occupational and Environmental Hazards of Correctional Settings
Authors: Montoya-Barthelemy Andre , Gibson Brent R. , Lee Charles D. , Bade Aashia M. , Butler James W. , Smith Eric , Skipworth Diane , Gutekunst Julie , Segula Marjorie Naila , Wicken Cassie , Friedman Eric , Darbari Isha , Menegas Samantha , Thatai Shreya , Wheeler Lauren 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
Maintaining healthful, safe, and productive work environments for workers in correctional settings is a matter of deep consequence to the workers themselves, the institutions they serve, the incarcerated individuals with whom they share space, and inevitably, to our wider community. We hypothesized that an examination of the academic literature would reveal opportunities for an improved approach to research in these settings.

Methods:
We performed a scoping literature review using search terms related to the occupational and environmental health of workers in correctional environments, limited to studies performed in the United States.

Results:
A total of 942 studies underwent title and abstract screening, 342 underwent full-text review, and 147 underwent data extraction by a single reviewer. The results revealed a body of literature that tends strongly toward analyses of stress and burnout of correctional staff, largely based on self-reported data from cross-sectional surveys. Those studies related to physical health were predominantly represented by topics of infectious disease. There were few or no studies examining exposures or outcomes related to diagnosable mental health conditions, musculoskeletal injury, environmental hazards, medical or mental health staff, immigration detention settings, or regarding incarcerated workers. There were very few studies that were experimental, longitudinal, or based on objective data.

Discussion:
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has promulgated a research strategy for correctional officers that should guide future research for all workers in correctional settings, but realization of these goals will rely upon multidisciplinary collaboration, specific grants to engage researchers, and an improved understanding of the barriers inherent to correctional research, all while maintaining rigorous protection for incarcerated persons as an especially vulnerable population.