bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG in human milk after vaccination is dependent on vaccine type and previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure: a longitudinal study
Authors: Selma-Royo Marta , Bäuerl Christine , Mena-Tudela Desirée , Aguilar-Camprubí Laia , Pérez-Cano Francisco J. , Parra-Llorca Anna , Lerin Carles , Martínez-Costa Cecilia , Collado Maria Carmen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast milk is a vehicle to transfer protective antibodies from the lactating mother to the neonate. After SARS-CoV-2 infection, virus-specific IgA and IgG have been identified in breast milk, however, there are limited data on the impact of different COVID-19 vaccine types in lactating women. This study is aimed to evaluate the time course of induction of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG in breast milk after vaccination.

Methods
In this prospective observational study in Spain, 86 lactating women from priority groups receiving the vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 were included. Breast milk samples were collected longitudinally at seven or eight-time points (depending on vaccine type). A group with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=19) and a group of women from pre-pandemic time (n=20) were included for comparison.

Results
Eighty-six vaccinated lactating women [mean age, 34.6 ± 3.7 years] of whom 96% were Caucasian and 92% were healthcare workers. A total number of 582 milk samples were included, and vaccine distribution was BioNTech/Pfizer (BNT162b2, n=34), Moderna (mRNA-1273, n=20), and AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, n=32). For each vaccine, 7 and 8 longitudinal time points were collected from baseline up to 30 days after the second dose for mRNA vaccines and adenovirus-vectored vaccines, respectively. A strong reactivity was observed for IgG and IgA after vaccination mainly after the 2nd dose. The presence and persistence of specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in breast milk were dependent on the vaccine type, with higher IgG and IgA levels in mRNA-based vaccines when compared to AstraZeneca, and on previous virus exposure. High intra- and inter-variability were observed, being relevant for IgA antibodies. In milk from vaccinated women, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG was significantly higher while IgA levels were lower than in milk from COVID-19-infected women. Women with previous COVID-19 increased their IgG antibodies levels after the first dose to a similar level observed in vaccinated women after the second dose.

Conclusions
COVID-19 vaccination induced anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG in breast milk with higher levels after the 2nd dose. Levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG are dependent on the vaccine type. Further studies are warranted to demonstrate the protective antibody effect against COVID-19 in infants from vaccinated and infected mothers.

Trial registration
NCT04751734 (date of registration is on February 12, 2021)
5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) at or near cancer mutation hot spots as potential targets for early cancer detection
Authors: Lu Michael J. , Lu Yabin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
Universal noninvasive genomic screening to detect cancer and/or fetal DNA in plasma at all stages of development is highly warranted. Since 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) emerged as an intermediate metabolite in active DNA demethylation, there have been increasing efforts to elucidate its function as a stable modification of the genome. In the current study, we demonstrate that discrete 5hmC sites within 80 bp hotspot regions exist in a greater proportion of cancer versus normal cells.

Result
5hmC was detected in 16 of 17 known hotspots having C to T or G to A mutations. The results show the presence of two characteristically distinct 5hmC groups: Tier 1 Group with 3 to eightfold more 5hmCs detected in tumor-cells than in normal-cell derived DNA (as observed in 6 of 11 CpG sites). Tier 2 group with equal allele frequency of 5hmC among normal and tumor-cell derived DNA at 5 CpG hotspot sites as well as 5 non-CpG hotspots. Thus, detection and quantification of the Tier 1 group of 5hmC sites or its prevalence at or near cancer mutation hot spots in cells may enable early detection, screening and potentially prediction of the likelihood of cancer occurrence or the severity of the cancer.
ACE2 immunohistochemistry in salivary and tracheal glands related to age
Authors: Nogami Makoto , Hoshi Tomoaki , Toukairin Yoko , Arai Tomomi , Nishio Tadashi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of COVID-19, the rapidly spreading pandemic. When SARS-CoV-2 enters the target cells in the respiratory system, the spike glycoprotein binds to a cellular receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The susceptibility to infection in individuals under 20 years of age is approximately half that of adults aged over 20 years. In this study, we investigated the immunohistochemical protein expressions of ACE2 in mandibular salivary glands and tracheal glands from forensic autopsy specimens covering adults and children.

Results
The ACE2 immunohistochemistry of autopsy specimens was performed, and the percentages of the immuno-positive areas in the cell layers of the glands were calculated. Our results demonstrate that the ACE2 positivity in mandibular salivary gland and tracheal glands showed the statistically significant decrease with the increase of age, which indicates that the susceptibility of aged individuals to SARS-CoV-2 may be due to various factors including but not limited to ACE2 protein expressions.
Retinal vascular occlusion in pregnancy: three case reports and a review of the literature
Authors: Jürgens L. , Yaici R. , Schnitzler C. M. , Fleitmann A. K. , Roth M. , Schröder K. , Guthoff R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Retinal arterial occlusive events in young patients are rare. However, because of physiological multifactorial adaptations during pregnancy, retinal vascular occlusive disease may occur spontaneously. In addition, a patent foramen ovale is a risk factor for an ischemic thromboembolic event. Since fluorescein angiography, a central tool in the evaluation of these occlusions, should be avoided during pregnancy, optical coherence tomography angiography, a novel technique, offers a good opportunity for visualizing vascular perfusion of retinal tissue.

Case presentation
Here we present a case series of three patients (Caucasian, nonsmoker) who visited our clinic owing to acute visual impairment and central scotoma. Using regular optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography, retinal vascular occlusions were detected, thus initiating the evaluation of systemic risk factors. We report two patients (30 and 32 years old) who developed cilioretinal artery occlusion but whose etiology differed: one was of thromboembolic origin associated with patent foramen ovale, while the other was caused by hemodynamic blockade secondary to central retinal vein occlusion. In both cases, optical coherence tomography angiography revealed reperfusion of the cilioretinal artery occlusion. However, transient ischemia led to retinal atrophy after a few weeks. In the third patient (32 years old), 8 weeks after onset of scotoma, optical coherence tomography angiography revealed atrophy of the middle layers and impaired perfusion in the deep capillary plexus, and thus a paracentral acute middle maculopathy was diagnosed. All patients regained normal visual acuity and had otherwise uncomplicated pregnancies, and laboratory blood tests did not reveal any defects or alterations.

Conclusions
As shown here, optical coherence tomography angiography enables risk-free imaging of retinal vessel perfusion during pregnancy. Together with regular optical coherence tomography, it allows one to predict functional outcome according to the existing retinal occlusion-related atrophy.
LncRNA LYPLAL1-AS1 rejuvenates human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell senescence via transcriptional MIRLET7B inactivation
Authors: Yang Yanlei , Liu Suying , He Chengmei , Lv Taibiao , Zeng Liuting , Zhang Fengchun , Chen Hua , Zhao Robert Chunhua 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) senescence is a phenotype of aging. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as potential key regulators of senescence. However, the role of lncRNAs in MSC senescence remains largely unknown.

Results
We performed transcriptome analysis in senescent human adipose-derived MSCs (hADSCs) and identified that the lncRNA LYPLAL1 antisense RNA1 (LYPLAL1-AS1) was significantly downregulated in senescent hADSCs. LYPLAL1-AS1 expression in peripheral blood was lower in middle-aged healthy donors than in young adult donors, and correlated negatively with age. Knockdown of LYPLAL1-AS1 accelerated hADSC senescence, while LYPLAL1-AS1 overexpression attenuated it. Chromatin isolation by RNA purification (ChIRP) sequencing indicated that LYPLAL1-AS1 bound to the MIRLET7B promoter region and suppressed its transcription activity, as demonstrated by dual-luciferase assay. miR-let-7b, the transcript of MIRLET7B, was upregulated during hADSC senescence and was regulated by LYPLAL1-AS1. Furthermore, miR-let-7b mimics promoted hADSC senescence, while the inhibitors repressed it. Finally, LYPLAL1-AS1 overexpression reversed miR-let-7b-induced hADSC senescence.

Conclusions
Our data demonstrate that LYPLAL1-AS1 rejuvenates hADSCs through the transcriptional inhibition of MIRLET7B. Our work provides new insights into the mechanism of MSC senescence and indicates lncRNA LYPLAL1-AS1 and miR-let-7b as potential therapeutic targets in aging.
Research on geometric algebra-based robust adaptive filtering algorithms in wireless communication systems
Authors: Wang Rui , Wang Yi , Li Yanping , Cao Wenming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNoise and interference are the two most common and basic problems in wireless communication systems. The noise in wireless communication channels has the characteristics of randomness and impulsivity, so the performance of adaptive filtering algorithms based on geometric algebra (GA) and second-order statistics is greatly reduced in the wireless communication systems. In order to improve the performance of adaptive filtering algorithms in wireless communication systems, this paper proposes two novel GA-based adaptive filtering algorithms, which are deduced from the robust algorithms based on the minimum error entropy (MEE) criterion and the joint criterion (MSEMEE) of the MEE and the mean square error (MSE) with the help of GA theory. The noise interference in wireless communication is modeled by $$\alpha$$
α
-stable distribution which is in good agreement with the actual data in this paper. Simulation results show that for the mean square deviation (MSD) learning curve, the GA-based MEE (GA-MEE) algorithm has faster convergence rate and better steady-state accuracy compared to the GA-based maximum correntropy criterion algorithm (GA-MCC) under the same generalized signal-to-noise ratio (GSNR). The GA-MEE algorithm reduces the convergence rate, but improves the steady-state accuracy by 10–15 dB compared to the adaptive filtering algorithms based on GA and second-order statistics. For GA-based MSEMEE (GA-MSEMEE) algorithm, when GA-MSEMEE and the adaptive filtering algorithms based on GA and second-order statistics keep the same convergence rate, its steady-state accuracy is improved by 10–15 dB, and when GA-MSEMEE and GA-MEE maintain approximately steady-state accuracy, its convergence rate is improved by nearly 100 iterations. In addition, when the algorithms are applied to noise cancellation, the average recovery error of the two proposed algorithms is 7 points lower than that of other GA-based adaptive filtering algorithms. The results validate the effectiveness and superiority of the GA-MEE and GA-MSEMEE algorithms in the $$\alpha$$
α
-stable noise environment, providing new methods to deal with multi-channel interference in wireless networks.
Clinical 3D modeling to guide pediatric cardiothoracic surgery and intervention using 3D printed anatomic models, computer aided design and virtual reality
Authors: Ghosh Reena M. , Jolley Matthew A. , Mascio Christopher E. , Chen Jonathan M. , Fuller Stephanie , Rome Jonathan J. , Silvestro Elizabeth , Whitehead Kevin K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Surgical and catheter-based interventions for congenital heart disease require precise understanding of complex anatomy. The use of three-dimensional (3D) printing and virtual reality to enhance visuospatial understanding has been well documented, but integration of these methods into routine clinical practice has not been well described. We review the growth and development of a clinical 3D modeling service to inform procedural planning within a high-volume pediatric heart center.

Methods
Clinical 3D modeling was performed using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) or computed tomography (CT) derived data. Image segmentation and post-processing was performed using FDA-approved software. Patient-specific anatomy was visualized using 3D printed models, digital flat screen models and virtual reality. Surgical repair options were digitally designed using proprietary and open-source computer aided design (CAD) based modeling tools.

Results
From 2018 to 2020 there were 112 individual 3D modeling cases performed, 16 for educational purposes and 96 clinically utilized for procedural planning. Over the 3-year period, demand for clinical modeling tripled and in 2020, 3D modeling was requested in more than one-quarter of STAT category 3, 4 and 5 cases. The most common indications for modeling were complex biventricular repair (n = 30, 31%) and repair of multiple ventricular septal defects (VSD) (n = 11, 12%).

Conclusions
Using a multidisciplinary approach, clinical application of 3D modeling can be seamlessly integrated into pre-procedural care for patients with congenital heart disease. Rapid expansion and increased demand for utilization of these tools within a high-volume center demonstrate the high value conferred on these techniques by surgeons and interventionalists alike.
Factors Influencing Telemedicine Use at a Northern New England Cancer Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mackwood Matthew B. , Tosteson Tor D. , Alford-Teaster Jennifer A. , Curtis Kevin M. , Lowry Mary L. , Snide Jennifer A. , Zhao Wenyan , Tosteson Anna N.A. 
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE: To characterize the use of telemedicine for oncology care over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern New England with a focus on factors affecting trends. METHODS: We performed a retrospective observational study using patient visit data from electronic health records from hematology-oncology and radiation-oncology service lines spanning the local onset of the pandemic from March 18, 2020, through March 31, 2021. This period was subdivided into four phases designated as lockdown, transition, stabilization, and second wave. Generalized linear mixed regression models were used to estimate the effects of patient characteristics on trends for rates of telemedicine use across phases and the effects of visit type on patient satisfaction and postvisit ER or hospital admissions within 2 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 19,280 patients with 102,349 visits (13.1% audio-only and 1.4% video) were studied. Patient age (increased use in age < 45 and 85 years and older) and urban residence were associated with higher use of telemedicine, especially after initial lockdown. Recent cancer therapy, ER use, and hospital admissions in the past year were all associated with lower telemedicine utilization across pandemic phases. Provider clinical department corresponded to the largest differences in telemedicine use across all phases. ER and hospital admission rates in the 2 weeks after a telehealth visit were lower than those in in-person visits (0.7% v 1.3% and 1.2% v 2.7% for ER and hospital use, respectively; P < .001). Patient satisfaction did not vary across visit types. CONCLUSION: Telemedicine use in oncology during the COVID-19 pandemic varied according to the phase and patient, medical, and health system factors, suggesting opportunities for standardization of care and need for attention to equitable telemedicine access.
Novel Indices of Cognitive Impairment and Incident Cardiovascular Outcomes in the REWIND Trial
Authors: Cukierman-Yaffe Tali , Gerstein Hertzel C , Basile Jan , Bethel M Angelyn , Cardona-Muñoz Ernesto G , Conget Ignacio , Dagenais Gilles , Franek Edward , Hall Stephanie , Hancu Nicolae , Jansky Petr , Lakshmanan Mark , Lanas Fernando , Leiter Lawrence A , Lopez-Jaramillo Patricio , Pirags Valdis , Pogosova Nana , Probstfield Jeffrey , Rao-Melacini Purnima , Ramasundarahettige Chinthanie , Raubenheimer Peter J , Riddle Matthew C , Rydén Lars , Shaw Jonathan E , Sheu Wayne H-H , Temelkova-Kurktschiev Theodora 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Context
Low cognitive scores are risk factors for cardiovascular outcomes. Whether this relationship is stronger using novel cognitive indices is unknown.

Methods
Participants in the Researching Cardiovascular Events with a Weekly Incretin in Diabetes (REWIND) trial who completed both the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score and Digit Substitution Test (DSST) at baseline (N = 8772) were included. These scores were used to identify participants with baseline substantive cognitive impairment (SCI), defined as a baseline score on either the MoCA or DSST ≥ 1.5 SD below either score’s country-specific mean, or SCI-GM, which was based on a composite index of both scores calculated as their geometric mean (GM), and defined as a score that was ≥ 1.5 SD below their country’s average GM. Relationships between these measures and incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and either stroke or death were analyzed.

Results
Compared with 7867 (89.7%) unaffected participants, the 905 (10.3%) participants with baseline SCI had a higher incidence of MACE (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.34; 95% CI 1.11, 1.62; P = 0.003), and stroke or death (unadjusted HR 1.60; 95% CI 1.33, 1.91; P &lt; 0.001). Stronger relationships were noted for SCI-GM and MACE (unadjusted HR 1.61; 95% CI 1.28, 2.01; P &lt; 0.001), and stroke or death (unadjusted HR 1.85; 95% CI 1.50, 2.30; P &lt; 0.001). For SCI-GM but not SCI, all these relationships remained significant in models that adjusted for up to 10 SCI risk factors.

Conclusion
Country-standardized SCI-GM was a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular events in people with type 2 diabetes in the REWIND trial.
Awake Mapping With Transopercular Approach in Right Insular–Centered Low-Grade Gliomas Improves Neurological Outcomes and Return to Work
Authors: Duffau Hugues 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:
Asleep vs awake surgery for right insula–centered low-grade glioma (LGG) is still debated.

OBJECTIVE:
To compare neurological outcomes and return to work after resection for right insular/paralimbic LGG performed without vs with awake mapping.

METHODS:
A personal surgical experience of right insula–centered LGG was analyzed, by comparing 2 consecutive periods. In the first period (group 1), patients underwent asleep surgery with motor mapping. In the second period (group 2), patients underwent intraoperative awake mapping of movement and cognitive functions.

RESULTS:
This consecutive series included 143 LGGs: 41 in group 1 (1999-2009) and 102 in group 2 (2009-2020). There were no significant difference concerning preoperative clinicoradiological characteristics and histopathology results between both groups. Intraoperative motor mapping was positive in all cases in group 1. In group 2, beyond motor mapping, somatosensory, visuospatial, language, and/or cognitive functions were identified during cortical–subcortical stimulation. Postoperatively, 3 patients experienced a long-lasting deterioration with 2 hemiparesis due to deep stroke (1.3%) and 1 severe depressive syndrome, all of them in group 1 vs none in group 2 (P = .022). The rate of RTW was 81.5% in group 1 vs 95.5% in group 2 (P = .016). The tumor volume and extent of resection did not significantly differ across both groups.

CONCLUSION:
This is the first study comparing asleep vs awake surgery for right insula–centered LGG. Despite similar extent of resection, functional outcomes were significantly better in awake patients by avoiding permanent neurological impairment and by increasing RTW. These results support the mapping of higher-order functions during awake procedure.
Vps68 cooperates with ESCRT-III in intraluminal vesicle formation
Authors: Alsleben Sören , Kölling Ralf 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III mediates budding and abscission of intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) into multivesicular endosomes. To further define the role of the yeast ESCRT-III-associated protein Mos10 (also known as Vps60) in ILV formation, we screened for new interaction partners by using stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and mass spectrometry. Here, we focused on the newly identified interaction partner Vps68. Our data suggest that Vps68 cooperates with ESCRT-III in ILV formation. The deletion of VPS68 caused a sorting defect similar to that of the SNF7 deletion strain when the cargo load was high. The composition of ESCRT-III was altered, the level of core components was higher and the level of associated proteins was lower in the VPS68 deletion strain. Our data further indicate that at some point in the functional cycle of ESCRT-III, Snf7 could be replaced by Mos10. Vps68 has an unusual membrane topology. Two of its potential membrane helices are amphipathic helices that localize to the luminal side of the endosomal membrane. Based on this membrane topology, we propose that Vps68 and ESCRT-III cooperate in the abscission step by weakening the luminal and cytosolic leaflets of the bilayer at the abscission site.
Assessment of fear, anxiety, obsession and functional impairment due to COVID-19 amongst health-care workers and trainees: A cross-sectional study in Nepal
Authors: Atreya Alok , Nepal Samata , Menezes Ritesh G , Shurjeel Qazi , Qazi Sana , Ram Muskaan Doulat , Usman Muhammad Shariq , Ghimire Sristi , Marhatta Anu , Islam Md Nazmul , Sapkota Arbin Dev , Garbuja Chandra Kumari 
Published: April 2022

Background: The emergence of the COVID-19 epidemic threw the world into turmoil. The medical community bore the brunt of the pandemic's toll. Long work hours, and a lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) and social support all had an influence on mental health. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among Lumbini Medical College Teaching Hospital students and employees in Palpa, Nepal. Data entailing their demographic details, pre-existing comorbidities, or death in the family due to COVID-19 was collected using a self-administered survey. In addition, the level of fear, anxiety, obsession, and functional impairment due to COVID-19 was recorded using previously validated respective scales. Results: In total, 403 health-care workers and trainees participated in our study. The mean age of the study participants was 23±4 years, and more than half of them (n=262, 65%) were females. A significant association was found between fear score with age (p-value=0.04), gender (p-value <0.01) and occupation (p-value<0.001). The participants suffering from chronic diseases (p-value=0.36), were not found to be significantly obsessed with COVID-19. Age (p-value=0.34), was not found to be significantly associated with higher anxiety levels. Nursing students suffered from a significantly greater functional impairment than other health-care professionals (mean rank score=269.15, p-value < 0.001). A moderately positive correlation was observed between fear, anxiety, obsession, and functional impairment scales. Conclusion: This study revealed various socio-demographic characteristics as risk factors for psychological stress in the people related to the health-care profession of Nepal during the COVID-19 pandemic. A viable answer to this quandary might be adequate psychosocial intervention by health-care authorities, increased social support, and the introduction of better mental health management measures for the front-line health-care workers.