bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining staffing needs for improving primary health care service delivery in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Oaiya Agbonkhese I. , Tinuoye Oluwabambi , Olatawura Layi , Balarabe Hadiza , Abubakar Hamza 
Published: April 2022

Background: The equitable distribution of a skilled health workforce is critical to health service delivery, and Kaduna state has taken significant steps to revamp the primary health care system to ensure access to health care for its populace. However, some of these investments are yet to yield the desired outcomes due to workforce shortages and inequitable distribution of those available. Methods: A Workload Indicator for Staffing Need study was conducted at the primary health care level in Kaduna state. The study focused on estimating staffing requirements; Nurse/Midwife and Community Health Worker practitioners; Community Health Officer, Community Health Extension Worker and Junior Community Health Extension Worker, in all government prioritized primary health care facilities. Ten focal primary health care facilities in Kaduna North Local Government Area were included in the study. Results: Findings revealed a shortage of Nurses/Midwives and Community Health Workers across the study facilities. For the Nurse/Midwife staffing category, 9/10 PHCs have a Workload Indicator for Staffing Need ratio < 1; indicating that the number of staff in the Nurse/Midwife category is insufficient to cope with the workload. In two of the ten primary health care facilities, there is an excess in the number of CHWs available; a Workload Indicator for Staffing Need ratio > 1 was calculated. Conclusions: The Workload Indicator for Staffing Need study highlights the staffing needs in government prioritized primary health care facilities in Kaduna state. This evidence establishes the basis for the application of an evidence-based approach to determining staffing needs across the primary health care sector in the State, to guide workforce planning strategies and future investments in the health sector. The World Health Organisation Workload Indicator for Staffing Need tool is useful in estimating staffing needs required to cope with workload pressures, particularly in a resources-constrained environment like Kaduna State.
Heart rate variability biofeedback intero-nociceptive emotion exposure therapy for adverse childhood experiences
Authors: Hahusseau Stéphanie , Baracat Bruno , Lebey Thierry , Laudebat Lionel , Valdez Zarel , Delorme Arnaud 
Published: April 2022

Background: Psychiatric patients with adverse childhood experiences (ACE) tend to have dysfunctions in the interoceptive part of their emotional experience. The integration of interoceptive emotional activity in the insular and cingulate cortices is linked to the regulation of sympathovagal balance. This makes heart rate variability (HRV) an ideal measure for providing feedback on emotion regulation in real-time. Methods: A sample of one hundred (n=100) outpatients was evaluated. Participants underwent eight 30-minutes ACE exposure sessions during which patients were guided to experience bodily sensations related to ACE while their HRV was monitored using a commercial biofeedback device. Results: Comparing the results of the first to last therapeutic session, a significant decrease in heart rate and an increase in HRV at the onset of the session were observed. Conclusions: This study suggests a physiological impact of therapeutic interventions on autonomic balance and underlines the interest in HRV biofeedback as clinical practice.
Changes in nurses' knowledge and clinical practice in managing local IV complications following an education intervention
Authors: Bayoumi Magda Mohamed Mohamed , Khonji Leena Mohammad Abdulla , Gabr Wessam Fathy Mohamed 
Published: April 2022

Background: Peripheral venous catheters (PVCs) are the most common invasive route for the rapid administration of medication and fluids. The care of PVC sites after cannulation can pose challenges depending on nurses' level of knowledge and practice. Aim: To transfer nurses' knowledge into practice on preventing common local complications of intravenous (IV) therapy. Design: A quasi-experimental study was undertaken. Methods: A convenience sample of nurses from surgical and medical wards of a university hospital (n=64) was used. Pre- and post-education intervention levels of nurses' knowledge, practice and maintenance of PVCs, and the use of a visual infusion phlebitis scale to identify potential complications were assessed. Results: The effectiveness of the course was statistically significant for all three parameters (P<0.001). Conclusion: The study highlighted the importance of ongoing education based on the latest available evidence to enable nurses to improve their knowledge and clinical practice with regard to PVC care and associated complications.
Treatment of a neonatal peripheral intravenous infiltration/extravasation (PIVIE) injury with hyaluronidase: a case report
Authors: van Rens Matheus , Hugill Kevin , Francia Airene LV , Abdelwahab Abdellatif Hamdy , Garcia Krisha LP 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:Intravenous therapy-related injury, its prevention, and treatment are ubiquitous topics of interest among neonatal clinicians and practitioners. This is due to the economic costs, reputational censure, and patents' wellbeing concerns coupled with the possibility of potentially avoidable serious and life-long harm occurring in this vulnerable patient population.Case description:A term infant receiving a hypertonic dextrose infusion for the management of hypoglycemia developed a fulminating extravasation shortly after commencement of the infusion. This complication developed without notification of infusion pump pressure changes pertaining to a change in blood vessel compliance or early warning of infiltration by the optical sensor site monitoring technology (ivWatch®) in use. The injury was extensive and treated with a hyaluronidase/saline mix subcutaneously injected into the extravasation site using established techniques. Over a period of 2 weeks, the initially deep wound healed successfully without further incident, and the infant was discharged home without evident cosmetic scarring or functional effects.Conclusion:This article reports on a case of a term baby who postroutine insertion of a peripherally intravenous catheter showed an extreme reaction to extravasation of the administered intravenous fluids. We discuss the condition, our successful management with hyaluronidase, and the need to remain observationally vigilant of intravenous infusions despite the advances in infusion monitoring technology.HIGHLIGHTSIn a neonatal population peripheral infusion therapy-related complication rates have been reported to be as high as 75% Peripheral IV infiltration and extravasation (PIVIE) is implicated in up to 65% of IV-related complications PIVIE injury has the potential to cause serious harm Prompt recognition and timely appropriate intervention can mitigate many of these risks Adhering to the 5Rs for vascular access optimizes infusion therapy and potentially reduces complications
A Quantitative Cross-Regional Analysis of the Spanish VET Systems From a Systemic Approach: From a Regional Comparative VET Research Perspective
Authors: Moso-Diez Monica , Mondaca-Soto Antonio , Gamboa Juan P. , Albizu-Echevarría Mikel 
Published: April 2022

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to analyse comparatively, at regional level, the current state of a wide range of indicators of Vocational Education and Training (VET) at regional level in Spain. This will make it possible to characterise and better understand the existence of a variety of regional VET systems, including the Initial VET and Continuous VET subsystems within Spain, doing so under a multidimensional approach examining VET supply and demand.
Methods: Systemic analysis of Spanish VET indicators leads to a selection of 54 indicators, which are then compared at regional level using k-means clustering. This approach identifies similarities and differences (clusters) across all of Spain's 17 autonomous communities (Spanish regions). The correlation between the variables is then analysed to examine the interaction between the VET system's supply and demand dimensions.
Findings: The results show that 19 indicators explain the main differences between autonomous communities, which form two distinct clusters. Both VET supply and VET environment and demand influence cluster formation and inter-cluster differences. In the set of indicators that differentiate the two clusters of autonomous communities, close interaction is detected between certain indicators of VET supply and demand, especially those referring to the STEM occupational group, which confirms the correlation between these dimensions, albeit to a limited extent.
Conclusions: While it is necessary to analyse the differences between clusters in greater depth, the results suggest that Spain’s regions are split into two distinct groups (clusters) in which the respective VET systems are developing and advancing differently. Moreover, there is evidence of a small number of significant interrelations between indicators of VET supply and demand, which point to both the VET system's specialisation and its inclusive nature.
Wideband polarization-independent plasmonic switch based on GST phase-change material
Authors: Heidari Saman , Nozhat Najmeh 
Published: April 2022

Chalcogenide phase-change materials such as germanium-antimony-tellurium (GST) are suitable materials for use in tunable plasmonic devices. In this paper, a wideband plasmonic switch consists of gold cross-shaped resonators has been designed and simulated in the near-infrared region. The phase-change material GST makes the structure tunable, and by changing the temperature and switching between amorphous and crystalline states, the best extinction ratio of 14 dB and response time of 46 fs have been obtained at the wavelength of 1228 nm. The equivalent circuit model of the suggested structure has been extracted to verify the numerical results. Moreover, the effects of polarization and incident angles and geometric parameters on the structure performance have been evaluated. The proposed tunable and wideband switch with good switching capability can be used in various optical devices such as modulators, logic gates, and optical integrated circuits.
Olfactory dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis; A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mirmosayyeb Omid , Ebrahimi Narges , Barzegar Mahdi , Afshari-Safavi Alireza , Bagherieh Sara , Shaygannejad Vahid 
Published: April 2022

Background
The importance and prevalence of olfactory dysfunction is recently gaining attention in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) as a result of their chronic inflammatory disease, yet different prevalence rates are reported for it. Therefore, we have designed this systematic review to estimate the pooled prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in patients with MS. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in MS patients.

Methods
We searched PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, ProQuest, and gray literature including references from the identified studies, review studies, and conference abstracts which were published up to January 2021. Articles that were relevant to our topic and could provide information regarding the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction, or the scores of smell threshold, discrimination, or identification (TDI) among MS patients and healthy individuals were included. The pooled prevalence was calculated using a random-effects model and a funnel plot and Egger’s regression test were used to see publication bias.

Results
The literature search found 1630 articles. After eliminating duplicates, 897 articles remained. Two conference abstracts were included for final analysis. A total of 1099 MS cases and 299 MS patients with olfactory dysfunction were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in the included studies was 27.2%. Also, the overall TDI score in MS patients was lower than that in the control group, and the level of Threshold, Discrimination, and Identification per se were lower in MS compared with control respectively.

Conclusion
The results of this systematic review show that the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in MS patients is high and more attention needs to be drawn to this aspect of MS.
The associations between COVID-19 diagnosis, type 1 diabetes, and the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis: A nationwide cohort from the US using the Cerner Real-World Data
Authors: Qeadan Fares , Tingey Benjamin , Egbert Jamie , Pezzolesi Marcus G. , Burge Mark R. , Peterson Kathryn A. , Honda Trenton 
Published: April 2022

Objective
To assess the risk of new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) diagnosis following COVID-19 diagnosis and the impact of COVID-19 diagnosis on the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in patients with prior T1D diagnosis.

Research design and methods
Retrospective data consisting of 27,292,879 patients from the Cerner Real-World Data were used. Odds ratios, overall and stratified by demographic predictors, were calculated to assess associations between COVID-19 and T1D. Odds ratios from multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for demographic and clinical predictors, were calculated to assess adjusted associations between COVID-19 and DKA. Multiple imputation with multivariate imputation by chained equations (MICE) was used to account for missing data.

Results
The odds of developing new-onset T1D significantly increased in patients with COVID-19 diagnosis (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.38, 1.46) compared to those without COVID-19. Risk varied by demographic groups, with the largest risk among pediatric patients ages 0–1 years (OR: 6.84, 95% CI: 2.75, 17.02) American Indian/Alaskan Natives (OR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.86, 2.82), Asian or Pacific Islanders (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.61, 2.53), older adult patients ages 51–65 years (OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.66, 1.88), those living in the Northeast (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.61, 1.81), those living in the West (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.56, 1.74), and Black patients (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.47, 1.71). Among patients with diagnosed T1D at baseline (n = 55,359), 26.7% (n = 14,759) were diagnosed with COVID-19 over the study period. The odds of developing DKA for those with COVID-19 were significantly higher (OR 2.26, 95% CI: 2.04, 2.50) than those without COVID-19, and the largest risk was among patients with higher Elixhauser Comorbidity Index.

Conclusions
COVID-19 diagnosis is associated with significantly increased risk of new-onset T1D, and American Indian/Alaskan Native, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Black populations are disproportionately at risk. In patients with pre-existing T1D, the risk of developing DKA is significantly increased following COVID-19 diagnosis.
Cost-effectiveness of a medication event monitoring system for tuberculosis management in Morocco
Authors: Yang Jangmi , Kim Hae-Young , Park Seup , Sentissi Ilham , Green Nathan , Oh Byung Kwon , Kim Yujin , Oh Kyung Hyun , Paek Eunseong , Park Young Joon , Oh In-Hwan , Lee Seung Heon 
Published: April 2022

Background
Digital health technologies have been used to enhance adherence to TB medication, but the cost-effectiveness remains unclear.

Methods
We used the real data from the study conducted from April 2014 to December 2020 in Morocco using a smart pillbox with a web-based medication monitoring system, called Medication Event Monitoring Systems (MEMS). Cost-effectiveness was evaluated using a decision analysis model including Markov model for Multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB from the health system perspective. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per disability adjusted life-year (DALY) averted. Two-way sensitive analysis was done for the treatment success rate between MEMS and standard of care.

Results
The average total per-patient health system costs for treating a new TB patient under MEMS versus standard of care were $398.70 and $155.70, respectively. The MEMS strategy would reduce the number of drug-susceptible TB cases by 0.17 and MDR-TB cases by 0.01 per patient over five years. The ICER of MEMS was $434/DALY averted relative to standard of care, and was most susceptible to the TB treatment success rate of both strategies followed by the managing cost of MEMS.

Conclusion
MEMS is considered cost-effective for managing infectious active TB in Morocco.
The Students’s Learning of English Sonnets’ Structures and Sounds
Authors: Jati Ariya , Retno Wulandari 
Published: April 2022

This paper describes English sonnets’ structures and sounds discussed in lectures. The scarcity of a practical reference for the study of this distinctive poetic expression in English literature underlies the need for this research. The long-term objective of this research is the availability of a study plan regarding the structures and sounds, with a specific one in the form of teaching material about the English sonnets’ elements. The method used in this study is classroom action research, with the data collecting using classroom observation, and the data processing using qualitative data analysis. The research activities include direct observation of the learning; questionnaire distribution; and data processing. The analysis produces the stages in discussing the sonnets’ structures and sounds. These stages can be developed into a teaching material, which will be useful for the learning of English literature, especially English poetry.
Representation of Government Concerning the Draft of Criminal Code in The Jakarta Post: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Sari Kamelia , Pranoto Budi Eko 
Published: April 2022

This study was purposely done to investigate the representation of the government in The Jakarta Post. Therefore, the research objective of this study is to reveal the representation of the government related to the draft of Criminal Code in The Jakarta Post by using Fairclough three-dimensional model. The three-dimensional model including textual analysis, discourse practice, and social practice were the stages for the researchers to analyze the news. The qualitative descriptive approach was employed by the researchers as the research method. The findings of this current study showed that The Jakarta Post was on the protesters’ side and it negatively represented the government. This research can be a meaningful insight for future researchers who want to conduct a study under a critical discourse analysis theory, for readers to become more aware of reading news, and for journalists to become more aware as well in writing news.
Area formula for regular submanifolds of low codimension in Heisenberg groups
Authors: Corni Francesca , Magnani Valentino 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We establish an area formula for the spherical measure of intrinsically
regular submanifolds of low codimension in Heisenberg groups.
The spherical measure is constructed by an arbitrary homogeneous distance.
Among the arguments of the proof, we point out the differentiability properties of intrinsic graphs and a chain rule for intrinsically differentiable functions.
On the Jacobian locus in the Prym locus and geodesics
Authors: Torelli Sara 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLetJgbe the Jacobian locus and letPg+1be the Prym locus, in the moduli spaceAgof principally polarized abelian varieties of dimensiong, forg≥ 7. We study the extrinsic geometry ofJg⊂Pg+1, under the inclusion provided by the theory of generalized Prym varieties introduced by Beauville. More precisely, we address the problem if certain geodesic curves, defined with respect to the Siegel metric ofAg, starting at a Jacobian variety [JC] ∈Agof a curve [C] ∈Mgand with directionζ∈T[JC]Jg, are locally contained inPg+1. The result is that for a generalJC, the answer is negative, if the rankkofζis such thatk< CliffC− 3, where CliffCdenotes the Clifford index ofC.
Study on the mechanism of inhibiting patulin production by fengycin
Authors: Fu Ruimin , Tang Wei , Zhang Hong , Zhang Yulian , Wang Ding , Chen Wuling 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Penicillium expansum is the main cause of apple rot. Besides, it can also produce mycotoxin patulin (PAT). Therefore, the search for substances that can inhibit the activity and toxigenicity of P. expansum has become a hot research topic. This study investigates the inhibitory effects of fengycin on patulin production in P. expansum. P. expansum was cultured under different environments with different concentrations of fengycin. The patulin content produced per unit weight of P. expansum mycelium was detected and determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Synergy brands (SYBR) GreenI Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression levels of 6-methylsalicylic acid synthase (6-MSAS) and isoepoxydon dehydrogenase (IDH), which were the key genes of producing patulin of P. expansum mycelium, in the conditions treated by fengycin and untreated. After fengycin treatments, not only the patulin content in every unit weight of P. expansum mycelium but also the expression level of 6-MSAS decreased significantly. The expression level of 6-MSAS of treatment was 0.11 folds of control. However, the expression level of IDH treated by fengycin decreased slightly. Fengycin could inhibit the P. expansum from producing patulin by downregulating the expression of key synthetic genes 6-MSAS.
The capture of host cell’s resources: The role of heat shock proteins and polyamines in SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) pathway to viral infection
Authors: Makhoba Xolani Henry , Makumire Stanley 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The exposure of organisms and cells to unfavorable conditions such as increased temperature, antibiotics, reactive oxygen species, and viruses could lead to protein misfolding and cell death. The increased production of proteins such as heat shock proteins (HSPs) and polyamines has been linked to protein misfolding sequestration, thus maintaining, enhancing, and regulating the cellular system. For example, heat shock protein 40 (Hsp40) works hand in hand with Hsp70 and Hsp90 to successfully assist the newly synthesized proteins in folding properly. On the other hand, polyamines such as putrescine, spermidine, and spermine have been widely studied and reported to keep cells viable under harsh conditions, which are also involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and growth. Polyamines are found in all living organisms, including humans and viruses. Some organisms have developed a mechanism to hijack mammalian host cell machinery for their benefit like viruses need polyamines for infection. Therefore, the role of HSPs and polyamines in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) viral infection, how these molecules could delay the effectiveness of the current treatment in the market, and how COVID-19 relies on the host molecules for its successful infection are reviewed.
Cyclic connectivity index of bipolar fuzzy incidence graph
Authors: Lu Juanjuan , Zhu Linli , Gao Wei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the performance characterization of chemical molecular structures, several uncertain properties are often encountered, and fuzzy theory is precisely the tool to characterize these uncertainties. When molecular structures are described by molecular graphs, the corresponding fuzzy graph theory is used to characterize the uncertainty of atoms and atomic bonds. In this study, there is introduced cyclic connectivity index and its average version for bipolar fuzzy incidence graph (BFIG), and several theoretical results are obtained in the light of graph theory and fuzzy theory. Finally, the given new fuzzy index is applied to the testing of anti-aging-related drugs yields average uncertainty data for the corresponding molecular structures.