bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lessons Learned from Drilling an Extended Open Hole Interval in a Marginal Field Environment
Authors: Uche Chukwunonso , Eremiokhale Obehi , Bala Asime , Uche Jennifer , Jimoh Idris 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Drilling extended open hole sections which carries significant operational risks especially in pressured reservoirs has most times resulted to wellbore instability problems which could cause stuck pipe problems. However, drilling designs or operational challenges may lead to such risky decisions.
When such a situation arise, precautionary strategies are normally put in place to ensure that potential wellbore instability does not cause loss of time or resources.
The paper narrates the case of a well drilled in the Niger delta environment by one of the marginal field operators. The tophole was planned to be drilled with one hole section, but due to difficulties encountered while drilling to the planned depth, decision was made to sidetrack the well with a smaller 6-1/2"hole section. The well was finally landed successfully.
The objective of this paper is to narrate the lessons learned in drilling an open hole interval, the challenges and the consequent decisions taken to land the well in the hydrocarbon interval. It discusses both the well design and actual subsurface challenges, with significant emphasis in the strategy adopted in having landing into the objective sand. Some of the key learnings are the need to get much information as possible when drilling into a compartmentalized reservoir. A thorough knowledge of a reservoir helps in adequate optimization during drilling and geosteering.
The National Oil And Gas Excellence Centre – Driving Safety, Cost Efficiency, Value Addition And Sustainability In Harnessing Oil And Gas Resources In Nigeria
Authors: Edem Michael , Nwankwo Okechukwu , Amosa Mutiu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Nigerian oil and gas industry is the mainstay of the economy generating over 70% of government revenues and over 90% of foreign exchange earnings. Despite the value additions, the industry is plagued with challenges some of which are declining oil production and revenue, aging assets, insecurity in oil and gas assets, high production costs in the upstream sector and safety of assets and personnel. To tackle these challenges, accelerate growth and increase competitive advantage in the industry, the National Oil and Gas Excellence Centre (NOGEC) was established on 21st January 2021. NOGEC was founded on three core objectives – safety, cost efficiency and value addition to support the Federal Government's commitment on ensuring stability, economic development, and sustainability of the Nigerian petroleum industry. This paper discusses the gaps and challenges which has plagued the petroleum industry and opportunities which NOGEC will provide.
A Rapid Method to Predict Minimum Miscibility Pressure Through Interfacial Tension Test and Visual Observation
Authors: Abdurrahman Muslim , Sidek Akhmal , Agi Augustine , Junin Radzuan , Ridha Syahrir , Huy Nguyen Xuan , Arsad Agus , Gbadamosi Afeez , Yakasai Faruk , Oseh Jeffrey , Gbonhinbor Jeffrey 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) CO2 injection performs in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method to increase sweeping efficiency and reduce oil/CO2 interfacial tension (IFT) also advantageous to the environmental in term of gas emissions for carbon capturing. There are several methods to achieve reliable value of MMP such as slim tube test, raising bubble apparatus, vanishing IFT, swelling test, and visual observation. However, these methods have certain limitations, which leads to the development of new techniques for a wide range of applications. In this paper, a rapid method that integrated IFT test with visual observation was investigated. Based on the test, the pressure is plotted against the IFT to predict the MMP for temperature 60 °C and 66 °C. In the meantime, visual observation during the test is also conducted to identify the occurrence of miscibility. The combination of both methods may provide much faster MMP prediction because the test consumes a small amount of hydrocarbon samples. The outcomes of this research clearly suggest that the MMP values resulted from IFT test and visual observation considerably agree with each other.
ESS Reverse Expansion: Solving a Bottle-Neck Problem
Authors: Anifowose Hussein , Elendu Chidi , Kritzler Torsten , Young Jeff , Kalagbor Jackson 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The switch from gravel pack to expandable sand screen as the sand-face completion of choice for Chevron within its Joint Venture Offshore Operation in the Niger Delta region was performed due to significant amounts of non-productive time incurred while gravel-packing. These could be attributed to the required gravel pack equipment when compared to the space available on the rig as well as operational complexities. Therefore, the engineering and operations teams carried out studies on other feasible sandface completion options suitable for the reservoir sand control needs. An expandable sand screen completions type was risk assessed and qualified for use, and several wells have so far been completed using this lower / sandface completion method with great results.
Further optimizations were carried out in the planning and design phases to ensure flawless execution in terms of ensuring that the hole is open to screen deployment and expansion. The associated best practices and lessons learnt were implemented in the recent campaigns. However, during a recent execution, a different and new challenge was encountered. The expandable sand screens deployed, experienced some low to medium-level operational challenges which included the inability to run in hole to bottom and the inability to expand the screen to its total run depth. On that particular well, it was a combination of the aforementioned which resulted in significant operational challenges to pull the Axial Compliant Expander out of hole.
This technical paper sets out to describe the Expandable Sand Screens design philosophy, the efficiencies resulting from the improvement/optimization of the design, and the challenges experienced on "Well Z" with the action taken, which could be applied by any Operator if faced with similar obstacles.
Enhanced Rheological and Filtration Properties of Water-Based Mud Using Iron Oxide and Polyanionic Cellulose Nanoparticles
Authors: Kachoyan Soroush , Nihaal Shaikh , Oseh Jeffrey , Anam Mohd Noorul , Gbadamosi Afeez , Agi Augustine , Junin Radzuan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The unstable wellbore created by the infiltration of drilling fluids into the reservoir formation is a great challenge in drilling operations. Reducing the fluid infiltration using nanoparticles (NPs) brings about a significant improvement in drilling operation. Herein, a mixture of iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP) and polyanionic cellulose nanoparticle (nano-PAC) additives were added to water-based mud (WBM) to determine their impact on rheological and filtration properties measured at 80 °F, 100 °F, and 250 °F. Polyanionic cellulose (PAC-R) was processed into nano-PAC by wet ball-milling process. The rheological behaviour, low-pressure low-temperature (LPLT), and high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) filtration properties performance of IONP, nano-PAC, and IONP and nano-PAC mixtures were compared in the WBM. The results showed that IONP, nano-PAC, and synergy effect of IONP and nano-PAC in WBM at temperatures of 80 °F and 250 °F improved the density, 10-s and 10-min gel strength (10-s Gs and 10-min GS), plastic viscosity (PV), and the yield point (YP), while the pH was constant at 9.0. The mixture of 1.5 wt.% IONP + 0.25g nano-PAC in the WBM unveiled the most promising and optimal properties. At LPLT, the mixture improved the YP by 11% and reduced the LPLT fluid loss volume (FL) by 32.4%. At HPHT, the mud density increased by 3%, 10-s GS by 56%, 10-min GS by 52%, and the YP by 33.3%, while the HPHT FL decreased by 21%. With 1.0 g concentration at 100 °F, the nano-PAC achieved the greatest reduction in the FL of the WBM by 63%, followed by PAC-R by 57% before IONP that showed 36% reduction. Overall, the impact of IONP and nano-PAC in the WBM is evident and while the IONP showed more improved PV, the nano-PAC is more desirable for fluid loss control when 1.0 g at 100 °F was used. The use of combined IONP and nano-PAC could be beneficial for mitigating fluid loss and averting wellbore problem.
Petrophysical Evaluation of Borehole Log Data for Characterization and 3D Modelling of Reservoirs to Reduce Uncertainties; A Case Study of K-Field Niger Delta.
Authors: Dawaki Adamu , Abdulkadir Usman , Umar Mustapha Goni , Bukar Idris 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The study focuses on wireline log data for evaluation of petrophysical properties to build a Three-Dimensional static models within K field, in Niger Delta region using schlumberger Petrel and Techlog softwares. Suites of four geophysical well logs data obtained from the field were used. The study determined properties of the reservoir such as lithology, shale volume (Vsh) porosity (Φ), permeability (K), water saturation (Sw), net pay thickness, among others from well logs. Detailed petrophysical analysis revealed five reservoirs. Average reservoir parameters such as porosity (26.1%), volume of shale (4.6%), water saturation (26.52%), permeability (7138 md) and net gross (0.893) were derived from the petrophysical analysis of the delineated reservoirs. Each parameter was upscaled and the Properties including porosity, water saturation, permeability models have been generated and were distributed stochastically within the constructed 3D grid using Sequential Gaussian Random Simulation Function algorithms present in the software. Based on the interpretation and petrophysical analysis of the K field, it is recommended that Cased-Hole Density logs should be acquired in those wells without density logs to accurately estimate total porosity, Special consideration must be given to the acquisition of representative and useable Routine and Special Core Analysis (SCAL) data when drilling new wells in order to reduce uncertainties and validate the result of the wireline logging.
Corporate Social responsibility: A Paneacea for sustainable Development in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
Authors: Oruwari Humphrey Otombosoba 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the extent to which corporate social responsibility programme of oil and gas companies contribute to the social economic development in Niger Delta region that host oil and gas operations. Several stakeholders, namely Government leaders, community leaders and other members of oil and gas operating communities in Niger Delta are clamouring for a bigger share of revenue deriving from oil and gas operations in their areas in an effort to achieve a level of socio-economic development that is commensurate with the level of petroleum extraction in their areas of operations to reduce resource curse or the paradox of poverty that host oil and gas companies. Meanwhile, the oil companies believe that through their Corporate Social Responsibility programmes CSR, they are significantly contributing to sustainable socio-economic development of the rural communities that host their oil and gas operations. This scenario presents a gap and a conflict which necessitated an investigation into the study. The methodological framework employed in the study is that of literature review and multiple case study of some corporate social responsibility programe of some oil and gas companies. The study finding indicates that there are CSR programme like road construction, borehole water infrastructure, building of school and health facilities and award of scholarships. This entrench the believe in the oil and gas companies that their corporate social investment programme is more than adequate, however, the indigenous people in the host communities feel that these social investments are inadequate. To solve this problem, foster unity and harmony between key stakeholders in the oil and gas communities, the study concluded that a minimum corporate social investment threshold based on percentage of revenue be set and applied uniformly across the petroleum industry in Nigeria. In addition, each oil and gas company should make an annual CSR report to show the attainment of minimum annual corporate social investment. This will remove opacity and enhance transparency, uniformity and predictability in the CSR programme of oil and gas companies in Niger Delta, with the level of socio-economic development reflecting the level of oil and gas endowment and extraction in the petroleum bearing communities.
Dispersion Modeling of Accidental Release of Propane and Butane: Case Studies of Some Locations in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Joseph Olumuyiwa M. , Williams Almoruf O. F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the study of the dispersion modeling of accidental release of propane and butane using three locations in Lagos as case studies. The first case scenario was an actual incident while the other two were hypothetical case scenarios. In this research work, the purpose is to predict and evaluate the dispersion behaviour of the accidental releases of propane and butane using the Areal Location of Hazardous Atmosphere (ALOHA) modeling software, developed and made freely available by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), along with Google Earth Pro mapping software which is also freely available. The modelling approach is applied to three (3) different study areas in Lagos: Propane Tanker along Iju Ishaga Road, Butane Cylindrical Tank at ABC Refilling Plant along Ikorodu Road and Butane Spherical Storage Tank at XYZGas Terminal in Apapa. The overall modelling study is concentrated on three (3) different hazardous scenarios of interest – flammable area of vapour cloud, blast area from vapour cloud explosion (uncongested) and blast area from vapour cloud explosion (congested). The flammability (flash fire) and overpressure (blast force) hazards considered in this study were modeled using the aforementioned free software. Primarily, the threat zones generated by ALOHA for separate scenarios were mapped on their respective location maps in order to evaluate the location of the dispersion plumes. For the hypothetical release scenarios considered, the dispersion modeling results showed that the Case 3 (XYZGas LPG Terminal in Apapa) has the most impacted areas for the red, orange and yellow threat zones with respect to buildings, institutions, shops, companies, streets, roads, etc. For the first study area, the results predicted the reported impact of the damaging effects for the Scenario C release. For the second study area, the results show that no threat zones are generated for the uncongested overpressure of Secnario B release. The kind of analysis and results obtained from this study would prove beneficial to the emergency planners and responders such as Lagos State Emergency Response Agency specialized in these study areas to help minimize the impacts of these dangerous releases and plan for safety decisions and mitigation techniques to be implemented where appropriate.
Comparative Study on Natural Gas, Blue Hydrogen Gas and Solar Energy as an Energy Choice
Authors: Eze Stephen Chinecherem 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Natural Gas has been good but not good enough since we still got carbon emissions from its usage. In order to combat the ecological and economical problem it poses, and enhance its diverse utilization nationwide; another key alternative, the Blue Hydrogen Gas is x-rayed.
Blue Hydrogen gas is a product of sequestrated carbon from a hydrocarbon source. Some will call it "a cracking by-product". Building a carbon sequestration plant for hydrogen gas production is considered by making a section for it at the natural gas metering stations across the country (fig 1a).
Solar energy has been in play only on a domestic scale, it is the cleanest of the three. Electric power from solar panels can be transmitted to the national grid to make it available on a national scale.
The paper will not just present a comparison amongst the three but will State pragmatic steps and results to expect from the three. The Paris Agreement helps to explain various level of Natural Gas, Blue Hydrogen gas and Solar Energy adoption in the Gambia, Nigeria, USA and the UAE. Nigeria's emission abatement chart is given; equation describing emission abatement is also shown in the paper.
Assessment of the Prospect and Challenges of the African Oil and Gas Industry in Harnessing Energy for a More Sustainable World
Authors: Olubodun Jesujoba 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In 2015, the United Nations General Assembly set up the Sustainable Development Goals as a follow up on the Millennium Development Goals and a masterplan to attain a better and more sustainable world by the year 2030. One of these goals (SDG 7), seeks to achieve affordable and clean energy for all the world's population by the year 2030. As a result, global efforts are being made to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to limit pollution as well as enhance the development of renewable energies such as solar, wind, hydrothermal amongst others into the worlds energy system.
The oil and gas industry has played a vital role in meeting the world's energy demand to date. 60% of world energy consumption was supplied by the oil and gas industry for year 2020 and as this demand keeps rising, the industry will continue to play this vital role in powering and enabling industries. Therefore, even as the world clamours for a shift from a world powered by fossil fuels to one sustained by green energy, the success of this global energy transition would still be heavily dependent on the drivers and players of fossil fuel technology. As such, there is a need for the African oil and gas industry to realize that although it may no longer be business as usual, this shift presents an opportunity for the industry to contribute to the emerging energy mix as well as correct negative perceptions the general public might have of the industry. To remain relevant, companies must adapt, invest in renewable energy research and development and build on existing technology.
This paper explores and gives insight into the ways oil and gas companies have begun harnessing renewable energy in their operations, challenges being faced to reduce carbon emissions to achieve net zero and how hydrocarbon production operations can be done in a more environmentally safe manner. To strengthen this cause, stakeholders, policy makers and engineers in the African clime must investigate the dynamics, parallels and interdependency between conventional and renewable energy, to be strategically positioned to play a key role in the transition to a more sustainable future.
Investigation of the Effectiveness of SiO2 Nanoparticle Additive in Enhancing Water-Based Mud Properties and Performance to the Extent of HPHT Conditions
Authors: Okoro Franklin , Frank-Okoro Mary , Alor Emmauel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the effectiveness of nano-particles, mainly silica, as an additive to water-based muds to the extent of HPHT conditions. Specifically, the study ascertained the impact of silica nano-particles in improving performance of water-based mud, the study also investigated the effect of nano-silica on mud density and also investigated the quality of silica nano-particles as a fluid loss agent and rheology modifier. The laboratory study was divided into four parts: viscosity determination, fluid loss test, sand content determination, and density determination. The experiments were conducted using water-based mud with and without silica nanoparticles. In the course of the study, the rheological, fluid loss properties, the rheological behaviour of the mud, and the cuttings transportation efficiency were directly and indirectly ascertained. From the findings, it was ascertained that nano silica improves mud viscosity, density, and also reduces yield point and fluid loss. With nano silica, the sand content of the drilling mud reduces. The effect of nanosilica in drilling fluids reduced shear stress vs. shear rate readings which could reduce the pump pressure required for mud circulation in drilling operations. Based on these findings, it is recommended that future laboratory studies be done in dynamic conditions in order to investigate the effect of drill pipe rotation on cuttings transportation improvement for water-based mud without and with nano silica.
Managing Uncertainties in Wellbore Placement while Drilling Complex Reservoir: Case Study- Onshore, Niger Delta
Authors: Onyeji J. A , Taiwo B. O , Chukwuka Clement , Obi-Chidi Adaeze , Fagbowore Olufisayo , Abolarin Olugbenga 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The uncertainties associated with wellbore placement especially in terms of subsurface geology must be understood and minimized to maximize reserves for high returns. In the study area, the target reservoir is characterized as deep-seated hot sand body with intercalations of shale and siltstone. It is directly overlain by a thin bed of calcite. A closer look at the gamma ray log response of the sand puts a question to the reservoir presence, thus making landing point uncertain. Drilling to the target reservoir requires traversing through several depleted reservoirs sandwiched by shale formations that retain their original pressures. This narrows the safe mud weight window that could lead to wellbore instability issues. Other uncertainties include depth and fluid contacts. The objective of the well was to land and geosteer the wellbore in an optimal position within the oil leg. This paper reveals how the above-mentioned uncertainties were managed while drilling GX-04h infill well. The methodologies adopted include the use of reliable rotary steerable system, improved formation evaluation tools, real-time shale volume (Vshale) modeling, real-time pore pressure/ fracture gradient/ shear collapse pressure monitoring, real-time geological modeling, mud logging and effective communication protocols. Real-time Vshale computed and mudlog data helped in differentiating the top of deep-seat hot sand from the overlying shale. The at-bit resistivity measurement and neutron/density data aided in fluid typing/contacts. The approaches employed helped in proper landing of the well and successful drilling/ geosteering of 1000 feet lateral hole section within the oil leg of the target reservoir.
Developing a Chemical Database for Resolving Enviromental Issues in the Petrochemical Industry in Nigeria
Authors: Ekperusi Abraham Ogheneruemu , Gbuvboro Anthonia Ejiroghene 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Petrochemical exploration in Nigeria poses a significant threat to the environment, health and livelihoods of local people. The inability to find a holistic solution to address amicably the issues associated with oil and gas exploration and production has resulted in an unending wave of tension, crises and countless legal battles between communities and oil operators. This development is further complicated by the lack of adequate capacity on the part of regulators in the sector. The situation has forced some oil operators to move their operations from land and shallow waters into the deep sea with the hope to reduce hostilities within operational facilities and conflict with local people. Despite efforts to have a better understanding among the stakeholders, particularly oil operators and local communities, environmental issues persist creating mistrust between parties. Developing a chemical database with a comprehensive contaminants profile in the petrochemical industry would improve the management of chemical spills and associated issues and bring some level of fairness to conflict resolution in the sector.