bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in microsystem approaches for mechanical characterization of soft biological tissues
Authors: Song Enming , Huang Ya , Huang Ningge , Mei Yongfeng , Yu Xinge , Rogers John A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMicrosystem technologies for evaluating the mechanical properties of soft biological tissues offer various capabilities relevant to medical research and clinical diagnosis of pathophysiologic conditions. Recent progress includes (1) the development of tissue-compliant designs that provide minimally invasive interfaces to soft, dynamic biological surfaces and (2) improvements in options for assessments of elastic moduli at spatial scales from cellular resolution to macroscopic areas and across depths from superficial levels to deep geometries. This review summarizes a collection of these technologies, with an emphasis on operational principles, fabrication methods, device designs, integration schemes, and measurement features. The core content begins with a discussion of platforms ranging from penetrating filamentary probes and shape-conformal sheets to stretchable arrays of ultrasonic transducers. Subsequent sections examine different techniques based on planar microelectromechanical system (MEMS) approaches for biocompatible interfaces to targets that span scales from individual cells to organs. One highlighted example includes miniature electromechanical devices that allow depth profiling of soft tissue biomechanics across a wide range of thicknesses. The clinical utility of these technologies is in monitoring changes in tissue properties and in targeting/identifying diseased tissues with distinct variations in modulus. The results suggest future opportunities in engineered systems for biomechanical sensing, spanning a broad scope of applications with relevance to many aspects of health care and biology research.
Suppression of heparan sulfation re-sensitizes YAP1-driven melanoma to MAPK pathway inhibitors
Authors: Dieter Sebastian M. , Lovecchio Domenica , Pataskar Abhijeet , Zowada Martina K. , Körner Pierre-René , Khalizieva Anna , van Tellingen Olaf , Jäger Dirk , Glimm Hanno , Agami Reuven 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAccumulating evidence identifies non-genetic mechanisms substantially contributing to drug resistance in cancer patients. Preclinical and clinical data implicate the transcriptional co-activators YAP1 and its paralog TAZ in resistance to multiple targeted therapies, highlighting the strong need for therapeutic strategies overcoming YAP1/TAZ-mediated resistance across tumor entities. Here, we show particularly high YAP1/TAZ activity in MITFlow/AXLhigh melanomas characterized by resistance to MAPK pathway inhibition and broad receptor tyrosine kinase activity. To uncover genetic dependencies of melanoma cells with high YAP1/TAZ activity, we used a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 functional screen and identified SLC35B2, the 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate transporter of the Golgi apparatus, as an essential gene for YAP1/TAZ-driven drug resistance. SLC35B2 expression correlates with tumor progression, and its loss decreases heparan sulfate expression, reduces receptor tyrosine kinase activity, and sensitizes resistant melanoma cells to BRAF inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Thus, targeting heparan sulfation via SLC35B2 represents a novel approach for breaking receptor tyrosine kinase-mediated resistance to MAPK pathway inhibitors.
Ultrahigh transverse thermoelectric power factor in flexible Weyl semimetal WTe2
Authors: Pan Yu , He Bin , Helm Toni , Chen Dong , Schnelle Walter , Felser Claudia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTopological semimetals are well known for their interesting physical properties, while their mechanical properties have rarely received attention. With the increasing demand for flexible electronics, we explore the great potential of the van der Waals bonded Weyl semimetal WTe2 for flexible thermoelectric applications. We find that WTe2 single crystals have an ultrahigh Nernst power factor of ~3 Wm−1K−2, which outperforms the conventional Seebeck power factors of the state-of-the-art thermoelectric semiconductors by 2–3 orders of magnitude. A unique band structure that hosts compensated electrons and holes with extremely high mobilities is the primary mechanism for this huge Nernst power factor. Moreover, a large Ettingshausen signal of ~5 × 10−5 KA−1m is observed at 23.1 K and 9 T. In this work, the combination of the exceptional Nernst–Ettingshausen performance and excellent mechanical transformative ability of WTe2 would be instructive for flexible micro-/nano-thermoelectric devices.
Inhibitory role of Annexin A1 in pathological bone resorption and therapeutic implications in periprosthetic osteolysis
Authors: Alhasan Hend , Terkawi Mohamad Alaa , Matsumae Gen , Ebata Taku , Tian Yuan , Shimizu Tomohiro , Nishida Yoshio , Yokota Shunichi , Garcia-Martin Fayna , M. Abd Elwakil Mahmoud , Takahashi Daisuke , Younis Mahmoud A. , Harashima Hideyoshi , Kadoya Ken , Iwasaki Norimasa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThere is currently no therapy available for periprosthetic osteolysis, the most common cause of arthroplasty failure. Here, the role of AnxA1 in periprosthetic osteolysis and potential therapeutics were investigated. Reducing the expression of AnxA1 in calvarial tissue was found to be associated with increased osteolytic lesions and the osteolytic lesions induced by debris implantation were more severe in AnxA1-defecient mice than in wild-type mice. AnxA1 inhibits the differentiation of osteoclasts through suppressing NFκB signaling and promoting the PPAR-γ pathway. Administration of N-terminal-AnxA1 (Ac2-26 peptide) onto calvariae significantly reduced osteolytic lesions triggered by wear debris. These therapeutic effects were abrogated in mice that had received the PPAR-γ antagonist, suggesting that the AnxA1/PPAR-γ axis has an inhibitory role in osteolysis. The administration of Ac2–26 suppressed osteolysis induced by TNF-α and RANKL injections in mice. These findings indicate that AnxA1 is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of periprosthetic osteolysis.
Oral and gut dysbiosis leads to functional alterations in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Jo Sungyang , Kang Woorim , Hwang Yun Su , Lee Seung Hyun , Park Kye Won , Kim Mi Sun , Lee Hyunna , Yoon Hyung Jeong , Park Yoo Kyoung , Chalita Mauricio , Lee Je Hee , Sung Hojun , Lee Jae-Yun , Bae Jin-Woo , Chung Sun Ju 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough several studies have identified a distinct gut microbial composition in Parkinson’s disease (PD), few studies have investigated the oral microbiome or functional alteration of the microbiome in PD. We aimed to investigate the connection between the oral and gut microbiome and the functional changes in the PD-specific gut microbiome using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. The taxonomic composition of the oral and gut microbiome was significantly different between PD patients and healthy controls (P = 0.003 and 0.001, respectively). Oral Lactobacillus was more abundant in PD patients and was associated with opportunistic pathogens in the gut (FDR-adjusted P < 0.038). Functional analysis revealed that microbial gene markers for glutamate and arginine biosynthesis were downregulated, while antimicrobial resistance gene markers were upregulated in PD patients than healthy controls (all P < 0.001). We identified a connection between the oral and gut microbiota in PD, which might lead to functional alteration of the microbiome in PD.
Proposing two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks material for the capture of phenol molecules from wastewaters
Authors: Ghahari Afsaneh , Raissi Heidar , Pasban Samaneh , Farzad Farzaneh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIndustrial wastewater organic pollutants such as phenol can be treated through adsorption on active surfaces. Herein, the adsorption mechanism and dynamic behaviors of phenol molecules onto covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with well-defined supramolecular structures are investigated via molecular dynamics and well-tempered metadynamics simulations under various external electric fields. The Lenard–Jones interaction is predominant during the adsorption process, while NH and OH groups in COFs and phenol, respectively, can increase the adsorption due to the electrostatic interaction. Besides, the adsorption affinity of phenol on COFs is weakened by increasing the electric field strength. In addition, the free energy values for the complexes with and without the external electric field at their global minima reached at about −264.68, −248.33, and −290.13 (for 1, 0.5, and 0 V nm−1) kJ mol−1, respectively. The obtained results confirmed the COFs as prominent adsorbents for loading phenol and its removal from the water-contaminated environment.
Permafrost cooled in winter by thermal bridging through snow-covered shrub branches
Authors: Domine Florent , Fourteau Kévin , Picard Ghislain , Lackner Georg , Sarrazin Denis , Poirier Mathilde 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConsiderable expansion of shrubs across the Arctic tundra has been observed in recent decades. These shrubs are thought to have a warming effect on permafrost by increasing snowpack thermal insulation, thereby limiting winter cooling and accelerating thaw. Here, we use ground temperature observations and heat transfer simulations to show that low shrubs can actually cool the ground in winter by providing a thermal bridge through the snowpack. Observations from unmanipulated herb tundra and shrub tundra sites on Bylot Island in the Canadian high Arctic reveal a 1.21 °C cooling effect between November and February. This is despite a snowpack that is twice as insulating in shrubs. The thermal bridging effect is reversed in spring when shrub branches absorb solar radiation and transfer heat to the ground. The overall thermal effect is likely to depend on snow and shrub characteristics and terrain aspect. The inclusion of these thermal bridging processes into climate models may have an important impact on projected greenhouse gas emissions by permafrost.
Food webs for three burn severities after wildfire in the Eldorado National Forest, California
Authors: McLaughlin John P. , Schroeder John W. , White Angela M. , Culhane Kate , Mirts Haley E. , Tarbill Gina L. , Sire Laura , Page Matt , Baker Elijah J. , Moritz Max , Brashares Justin , Young Hillary S. , Sollmann Rahel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWildfire dynamics are changing around the world and understanding their effects on ecological communities and landscapes is urgent and important. We report detailed food webs for unburned, low-to-moderate and high severity burned habitats three years post-fire in the Eldorado National Forest, California. The cumulative cross-habitat food web contains 3,084 ontogenetic stages (nodes) or plant parts comprising 849 species (including 107 primary producers, 634 invertebrates, 94 vertebrates). There were 178,655 trophic interactions between these nodes. We provide information on taxonomy, body size, biomass density and trophic interactions under each of the three burn conditions. We detail 19 sampling methods deployed across 27 sites (nine in each burn condition) used to estimate the richness, body size, abundance and biomass density estimates in the node lists. We provide the R code and raw data to estimate summarized node densities and assign trophic links.
Verbal entrainment in autism spectrum disorder and first-degree relatives
Authors: Patel Shivani P. , Cole Jennifer , Lau Joseph C. Y. , Fragnito Gabrielle , Losh Molly 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEntrainment, the unconscious process leading to coordination between communication partners, is an important dynamic human behavior that helps us connect with one another. Difficulty developing and sustaining social connections is a hallmark of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Subtle differences in social behaviors have also been noted in first-degree relatives of autistic individuals and may express underlying genetic liability to ASD. In-depth examination of verbal entrainment was conducted to examine disruptions to entrainment as a contributing factor to the language phenotype in ASD. Results revealed distinct patterns of prosodic and lexical entrainment in individuals with ASD. Notably, subtler entrainment differences in prosodic and syntactic entrainment were identified in parents of autistic individuals. Findings point towards entrainment, particularly prosodic entrainment, as a key process linked to social communication difficulties in ASD and reflective of genetic liability to ASD.
Enriched environment causes epigenetic changes in hippocampus and improves long-term cognitive function in sepsis
Authors: Córneo Emily , Michels Monique , Abatti Mariane , Vieira Andriele , Gonçalves Renata Casagrande , Gabriel Filipe Fernandes , Borges Heloisa , Goulart Amanda , da Silva Matos Natan , Dominguini Diogo , Varela Roger , Valvassori Samira S. , Dal-Pizzol Felipe 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by an inappropriate host response to infection. The presence of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in sepsis leads to dysregulated gene expression, leading to a hyperinflammatory response. Environmental conditions play an important role in various pathologies depending on the stimulus it presents. A standard environment condition (SE) may offer reduced sensory and cognitive stimulation, but an enriched environment improves spatial learning, prevents cognitive deficits induced by disease stress, and is an important modulator of epigenetic enzymes. The study evaluated the epigenetic alterations and the effects of the environmental enrichment (EE) protocol in the brain of animals submitted to sepsis by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). Male Wistar rats were divided into sham and CLP at 24 h, 72 h, 10 days and 30 days after sepsis. Other male Wistar rats were distributed in a SE or in EE for forty-five days. Behavioral tests, analysis of epigenetic enzymes:histone acetylase (HAT), histone deacetylase (HDAC) and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), biochemical and synaptic plasticity analyzes were performed. An increase in HDAC and DNMT activities was observed at 72 h, 10 days and 30 days. There was a positive correlation between epigenetic enzymes DNMT and HDAC 24 h, 10 days and 30 days. After EE, HDAC and DNMT enzyme activity decreased, cognitive impairment was reversed, IL1-β levels decreased and there was an increase in PSD-95 levels in the hippocampus. Interventions in environmental conditions can modulate the outcomes of long-term cognitive consequences associated with sepsis, supporting the idea of the potential benefits of EE.
Muscle function during single leg landing
Authors: Maniar Nirav , Schache Anthony G. , Pizzolato Claudio , Opar David A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLanding manoeuvres are an integral task for humans, especially in the context of sporting activities. Such tasks often involve landing on one leg which requires the coordination of multiple muscles in order to effectively dissipate kinetic energy. However, no prior studies have provided a detailed description of the strategy used by the major lower limb muscles to perform single-leg landing. The purpose of the present study was to understand how humans coordinate their lower limb muscles during a single-leg landing task. Marker trajectories, ground reaction forces (GRFs), and surface electromyography (EMG) data were collected from healthy male participants performing a single-leg landing from a height of 0.31 m. An EMG-informed neuromusculoskeletal modelling approach was used to generate neuromechanical simulations of the single-leg landing task. The muscular strategy was determined by computing the magnitude and temporal characteristics of musculotendon forces and energetics. Muscle function was determined by computing muscle contributions to lower limb net joint moments, GRFs and lower limb joint contact forces. It was found that the vasti, soleus, gluteus maximus and gluteus medius produced the greatest muscle forces and negative (eccentric) mechanical work. Downward momentum of the centre-of-mass was resisted primarily by the soleus, vasti, gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, and gluteus maximus, whilst forward momentum was primarily resisted by the quadriceps (vasti and rectus femoris). Flexion of the lower limb joints was primarily resisted by the uni-articular gluteus maximus (hip), vasti (knee) and soleus (ankle). Overall, our findings provide a unique insight into the muscular strategy used by humans during a landing manoeuvre and have implications for the design of athletic training programs.
Effects of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases on cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Kwon Oh Chan , Han Kyungdo , Chun Jaeyoung , Kim Ryul , Hong Seung Wook , Kim Jie-Hyun , Youn Young Hoon , Park Hyojin , Park Min-Chan ,   Gastroenterology, Neurology and Rheumatology National Data Science Research (GUARANTEE) Group, Kwon Oh Chan , Han Kyungdo , Chun Jaeyoung , Kim Ryul , Hong Seung Wook , Kim Jie-Hyun , Youn Young Hoon , Park Hyojin , Park Min-Chan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBoth type 2 diabetes and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), such as Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and psoriasis (PsO) are risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Whether presence of IMIDs in patients with type 2 diabetes increases their cardiovascular risk remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and IMIDs. Patients with type 2 diabetes without cardiovascular disease were retrospectively enrolled from nationwide data provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service. The primary outcome was cardiovascular mortality, and the secondary outcomes were myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and all-cause mortality. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW)-adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for each IMID. Overall 2,263,853 patients with type 2 diabetes were analyzed. CD was associated with a significantly higher risk of stroke (IPTW-adjusted HR: 1.877 [95%CI 1.046, 3.367]). UC was associated with a significantly higher risk of MI (1.462 [1.051, 2.032]). RA was associated with a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular mortality (2.156 [1.769, 2.627]), MI (1.958 [1.683, 2.278]), stroke (1.605 [1.396, 1.845]), and all-cause mortality (2.013 [1.849, 2.192]). AS was associated with a significantly higher risk of MI (1.624 [1.164, 2.266]), stroke (2.266 [1.782, 2.882]), and all-cause mortality (1.344 [1.089, 1.658]). PsO was associated with a significantly higher risk of MI (1.146 [1.055, 1.246]), stroke (1.123 [1.046, 1.205]) and all-cause mortality (1.115 [1.062, 1.171]). In patients with type 2 diabetes, concomitant IMIDs increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Vigilant surveillance for cardiovascular disease is needed in patients with type 2 diabetes and IMIDs.
Simulation and identification of foodborne outbreaks in a large supermarket consumer purchase dataset
Authors: Dougherty Peter Erdmann , Møller Frederik Trier , Ethelberg Steen , Rø Gunnar Øyvind Isaksson , Jore Solveig 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFoodborne outbreaks represent a significant public health burden. Outbreak investigations are often challenging and time-consuming, and most outbreak vehicles remain unidentified. The development of alternative investigative strategies is therefore needed. Automated analysis of Consumer Purchase Data (CPD) gathered by retailers represents one such alternative strategy. CPD-aided investigations do not require trawling questionnaires to create a hypothesis and can provide analytical measures of association by direct data analysis. Here, we used anonymized CPD from 920,384 customers enrolled in Norway’s largest supermarket loyalty program to simulate foodborne outbreaks across a range of different parameters and scenarios. We then applied a logistic regression model to calculate an odds ratio for each of the different possible food vehicles. By this method, we were able to identify outbreak vehicles with a 90% accuracy within a median of 6 recorded case-patients. The outbreak vehicle identification rate declined significantly when using data from only one of two retailers involved in a simulated outbreak. Performance was also reduced in simulations that restricted analysis from product ID to the product group levels accessible by trawling questionnaires. Our results show that—assuming agreements are in place with major retailers—CPD collection and analysis can solve foodborne outbreaks originating from supermarkets both more rapidly and accurately than than questionnaire-based methods and might provide a significant enhancement to current outbreak investigation methods.
Low-profile dual-band pixelated defected ground antenna for multistandard IoT devices
Authors: Ullah Md. Amanath , Keshavarz Rasool , Abolhasan Mehran , Lipman Justin , Shariati Negin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA low-profile dual-band pixelated defected ground antenna has been proposed at 3.5 GHz and 5.8 GHz bands. This work presents a flexible design guide for achieving single-band and dual-band antenna using pixelated defected ground (PDG). The unique pixelated defected ground has been designed using the binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) algorithm. Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio incorporated with Matlab has been utilized in the antenna design process. The PDG configuration provides freedom of exploration to achieve the desired antenna performance. Compact antenna design can be achieved by making the best use of designated design space on the defected ground (DG) plane. Further, a V-shaped transfer function based on BPSO with fast convergence allows us to efficiently implement the PDG technique. In the design procedure, pixelization is applied to a small rectangular region of the ground plane. The square pixels on the designated defected ground area of the antenna have been formed using a binary bit string, consisting of 512 bits taken during each iteration of the algorithm. The PDG method is concerned with the shape of the DG and does not rely on the geometrical dimension analysis used in traditional defected ground antennas. Initially, three single band antennas have been designed at 3.5 GHz, 5.2 GHz and 5.8 GHz using PDG technique. Finally, same PDG area has been used to design a dual-band antenna at 3.5 GHz and 5.8 GHz. The proposed antenna exhibits almost omnidirectional radiation performance with nearly 90% efficiency. It also shows dual radiation pattern property with similar patterns having different polarizations at each operational band. The antenna is fabricated on a ROGERS RO4003 substrate with 1.52 mm thickness. Reflection coefficient and radiation patterns are measured to validate its performance. The simulated and measured results of the antenna are closely correlated. The proposed antenna is suitable for different applications in Internet of Things.