bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal dynamics of the chicken mycobiome
Authors: Davies Cary Pirone , Summers Katie Lynn , Arfken Ann M. , Darwish Nadia , Chaudhari Atul , Frey Juli Foster , Schreier Lori , Proszkowiec-Weglarz Monika 
Published: December 2022

The microbiome is an integral part of chicken health and can affect immunity, nutrient utilization, and performance. The role of bacterial microbiota members in host health is relatively well established, but less attention has been paid to fungal members of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) community. However, human studies indicate that fungi play a critical role in health. Here, we described fungal communities, or mycobiomes, in both the lumen and mucosa of the chicken ileum and cecum from hatch through 14 days of age. We also assessed the effects of delayed access to feed immediately post-hatch (PH) on mycobiome composition, as PH feed delay is commonly associated with poor health performance. Chicken mycobiomes in each of the populations were distinct and changed over time. All mycobiomes were dominated by Gibberella, but Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Sarocladium, Meyerozyma, and Penicillium were also abundant. Relative abundances of some taxa differed significantly over time. In the cecal and ileal lumens, Penicillium was present in extremely low quantities or absent during days one and two and then increased over time. Meyerozyma and Wickerhamomyces also increased over time in luminal sites. In contrast, several highly abundant unclassified fungi decreased after days one and two, highlighting the need for improved understanding of fungal gut biology. Mycobiomes from chicks fed during the first 2 days PH versus those not fed during the first 2 days did not significantly differ, except during days one and two. Similarities observed among mycobiomes of fed and unfed chicks at later timepoints suggest that delays in PH feeding do not have long lasting effects on mycobiome composition. Together, these results provide a foundation for future mycobiome studies, and suggest that negative health and production impacts of delayed feeding are not likely related to the development of fungal populations in the GIT.
Identifying and dealing with student errors in the mathematics classroom: Cognitive and motivational requirements
Authors: Hoth Jessica , Larrain Macarena , Kaiser Gabriele 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionMathematics classrooms are typically characterized by considerable heterogeneity with respect to students’ knowledge and skills. Mathematics teachers need to be highly attentive to students’ thinking, learning difficulties, and any misconceptions that they may develop. Identification of potential errors and appropriate ways to approach them is crucial for attaining positive learning outcomes. This paper explores which knowledge and affective-motivational skills teachers most require to effectively identify and approach students’ errors.MethodsTo address this research question within the German follow-up study of the Teacher Education and Development Study in Mathematics (TEDS-M), 131 primary school mathematics teachers’ ability to identify students’ errors was assessed based on (a) a digitalized speed test showing different students’ solutions in a written notation and (b) three video vignettes that showed different scenes from mathematics classes. These scenes dealt, among other things, with children who struggled with the lesson’s mathematical content. Teachers were asked to analyze students’ thinking and to determine how best to react. In addition, teachers’ mathematics pedagogical content knowledge, mathematical content knowledge, and beliefs were assessed in separate tests and served as predictors for teachers’ abilities to identify, analyze, and deal with students’ errors.ResultsThe results indicate that all components are interrelated. However, path analysis reveals that teachers’ ability to deal with students’ errors is mainly predicted by their constructivist beliefs while their ability to quickly identify typical students’ errors is largely dependent on their mathematics content knowledge.DiscussionThe results show the central filtering function of beliefs. Teachers who believe that students must shape and create their own learning processes are more successful in perceiving and analyzing student errors in classroom situations. They may understand errors as learning opportunities and - thus - pay specific attention to these occurrences.
Exploring the underlying mechanism between fear of losing power and knowledge hiding
Authors: Iqbal Omer , Ali Zeeshan , Azam Akbar 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionDrawing on the assumptions of approach/inhibition theory of power and conservation of resource of theory, this study aims to empirically explore the relationship between fear of losing power and knowledge hiding. To explicate the relationship, this study examines the mediating role of self-serving behavior and moderating role of personal competitiveness.MethodsTo evaluate the relationships, a moderated-mediation model is devised and tested. Data is collected through a web-based questionnaire from 194 individuals employed in both manufacturing and service sector firms of Pakistan. Multiple statistical software packages are used to analyze the data.ResultsAfter employing several statistical techniques, the findings of the study suggest that self-serving behavior fully mediates the link between fear of losing power and knowledge hiding. Moreover, the result of two-way interaction reveals that personal competitiveness further amplifies the indirect relationship between fear of losing power and knowledge hiding through self-serving behavior.DiscussionThe present study is one of those few types that investigates and uncovers the hidden links between fear of losing power and knowledge hiding. Lastly, theoretical, and practical implications along with future research directions are discussed.
Distinct profiles of functional connectivity density aberrance in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Miao Dawei , Zhou Xiaoguang , Wu Xiaoyuan , Chen Chengdong , Tian Le 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionInvestigating the neuroimaging changes from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of great significance. However, the details about the distinct functional characteristics of AD and MCI remain unknown.MethodsIn this study, we investigated distinct profiles of functional connectivity density (FCD) differences between AD and MCI compared with the normal population, aiming to depict the progressive brain changes from MCI to AD. As a data-driven method, FCD measures the profiles of FC for the given voxel at different scales. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) images were obtained from patients with AD and MCI and matched healthy controls (HCs). One-way ANCOVA was used to investigate (global, long-range, and local) FCD differences among the three groups followed by post-hoc analysis controlling age, sex, and head motion.ResultsThe three groups exhibited significant global FCD differences in the superior frontal gyrus. The post-hoc results further showed that patients with AD had a significant increase in global FCD values than those with MCI and HCs. Patients with MCI exhibited an increased trend compared with HCs. We further identified brain regions contributing to the observed global FCD differences by conducting seed-based FC analysis. We also identified that the observed global FCD differences were the additive effects of altered FC between the superior frontal gyrus and the posterior default model network.DiscussionThese results depicted the global information communication capability impairment in AD and MCI providing a new insight into the progressive brain changes from MCI to AD.
Determinants of quality of life improvements in anxiety and depressive disorders—A longitudinal study of inpatient psychotherapy
Authors: Freidl Marion , Wegerer Melanie , Litvan Zsuzsa , König Daniel , Alexandrowicz Rainer W. , Portela-Millinger Filipe , Gruber Maria 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundQuality of life (QoL) is substantially impaired in patients with anxiety disorders (AD) and depressive disorders (DD) and improvements in symptom burden after psychotherapy are not always paralleled by similar improvements in QoL. So far, little is known about treatment outcome in terms of QoL and predictors of QoL improvements following inpatient psychotherapy with a focus on cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). The current study aimed at investigating the relationship between changes in symptoms and QoL across different life domains. Additionally, predictors of a positive treatment outcome were evaluated.Methods122 patients with AD and/or DD undergoing an 8-weeks inpatient CBT program completed self-report measures of psychopathological symptoms and QoL at pre- and post-treatment. Mixed effects models were used to investigate changes, a confirmatory factor analysis was applied to analyze the latent factor structure of the anxiety sensitivity index and binary logistic regression analyses were performed for predictors of QoL improvements.ResultsPatients showed moderate to strong decreases in anxious and depressive symptoms and moderate to strong improvements in general QoL, particularly in the psychological and physical QoL subdomains. Changes in symptom burden correlated most strongly with psychological and physical QoL. In addition, poor QoL before treatment and low levels of specific anxiety sensitivity symptoms (items 1 and 5) significantly predicted improvement in QoL.ConclusionPatients with poor QoL who are not as inhibited to openly express their anxious feelings particularly benefit from inpatient psychotherapy (individual and group) to improve their QoL. In contrast, our research suggests that patients who are too anxious to openly express their nervousness should receive additional social skills training, more focused treatment to build sufficient self-confidence to better engage in the treatment program.
Intestinal colonization with ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in healthy rural villager: A genomic surveillance study in China, 2015-2017
Authors: Wang Shuang , Xie Hengjie , Chen Yuzhen , Liu Lu , Fang Ming , Sun Dapeng , Xu Liuchen , Bi Zhenqiang , Sun Gaoxiang , Li Yan , Yu Xiaolin , Zhang Huaning , Kou Zengqiang , Zheng Beiwen 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundThe worldwide emergence and diffusion of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-K. pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) is of particular concern. Although ESBL-KP can inhabit the human gut asymptomatically, colonization with ESBL-KP is associated with an increased risk of ESBL-KP infection and mortality. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and characteristics of ESBL-KP in fecal samples from healthy persons in 12 villages in Shandong Province, China.MethodsScreening for ESBL-KP in fecal samples was performed by selective cultivation. The bacterial species were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 16 antibiotics were determined by the agar dilution method. Plasmid replicons, antimicrobial resistance genes and Sequence types (STs) of the isolates were determined by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Genetic relatedness of ESBL-KP isolates was determined by the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). The S1 nuclease-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (S1-PFGE) was used to characterize the plasmids carried by ESBL-KP isolates. Conjugation assays was used to verify the transferability of blaCTX − M.ResultsESBL-KP prevalence rates increased from 12.0% in 2015 to 27.5% in 2017. The experimental results showed that 97% of isolates had multi-drug resistance. Multiple ESBL resistance genotypes were commonly detected in the isolates. STs among the ESBL-KP isolates were diverse. All 69 blaCTX−M−3-positive isolates were located on plasmids, and these genes could be transferred with plasmids between different strains. Phylogenetic analysis showed the possibility of transmission among some isolates.ConclusionThis study obtained the drug resistance patterns, the drug resistance phenotype and molecular characteristics of fecal-derived ESBL-KP in rural communities in Shandong Province, China. We report a rapid increase in occurrence of ESBL-KP among fecal samples collected from healthy rural residents of Shandong Province from 2015 to 2017. The carriage rate of multidrug-resistant bacteria in healthy residents is increasing. Thus, a need for further monitoring and possible interventions of ESBL-KP in this region is warranted.
Quality of therapy and mental health among occupational therapists during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ito Ayahito , Sawamura Daisuke , Kajimura Shogo , Miyaguchi Hideki , Nakamura Haruki , Ishioka Toshiyuki 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionThe coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has had a severe psychological impact on occupational therapists. Clarifying the mental health status of occupational therapists and its relationship with therapy quality is essential for maintaining the quality of care and patients' quality of life. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether and how mental health problems are related to the quality of occupational therapy.MethodsA nationwide cross-sectional online survey was conducted during Japan's second national state of emergency (January 2021). A total of 4,418 registered occupational therapists who were members of the Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists participated in this study. After screening for the exclusion criteria, data from 1,966 participants were analyzed.ResultsPath analysis showed that insufficient information provision by the workplace and increased workload were associated with depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Specifically, depression was associated with decreased therapy quality. Furthermore, one's therapy quality showed a strong positive correlation with colleagues' therapy quality.DiscussionThese results demonstrated a direct link between therapists' mental health conditions and therapy quality and suggested that decreased therapy quality might occur at the institutional rather than individual level. A reassessment of the support system and prompt detection and support for professionals with psychological symptoms may be the key to enhancing therapy quality and patients' quality of life. The present results contribute to the understanding of these relationships, considering the current pandemic context for occupational therapists.
Income-related health inequality among rural residents in western China
Authors: Li Chaofan , Tang Chengxiang 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveHealth equality has drawn much public attention in both developed and developing countries. China, the largest developing country, has implemented a new round of health system reform to improve health equality since 2009. This study aims to examine the magnitude and sources of income-related health inequality in western rural regions of China.MethodsData were obtained from the Survey of Rural Economic and Social Development in Western China conducted in 2014, in which 14,555 individuals from 5,299 households in 12 provinces were included. Health outcome variables of interest were self-rated health status, prevalence of chronic disease and four-week illness. Concentration index was calculated to assess magnitude of income-related health inequality, and nonlinear decomposition analysis was performed to identify the sources of health inequality.ResultsThe Concentration indexes for poor self-rated health status, prevalence of chronic disease and four-week illness were −0.0898 (P&lt;0.001),−0.0860 (P&lt;0.001) and −0.1284 (P&lt;0.001), respectively. Income and education were two main sources of health inequality, accounting for about 25−50% and 15% contribution to the inequality. Ethnicity made &lt;10% contribution to income-related health inequality, and enrollment in New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme contributed to &lt;1%.ConclusionThis study found slight income-related health inequality among rural residents in western China, implying that although China has made substantial progress in economic development and poverty alleviation, health inequality in western rural region should still be concerned by the government. To achieve health equality further, the Chinese government should not only strengthen its reimbursement mechanism of the current health insurance scheme to improve affordability of primary healthcare for residents in western rural regions, but also implement health poverty alleviation policies targeting socioeconomically vulnerable population and ethnic minorities in future.
Association between mobile phone addiction and social support among mainland Chinese teenagers: A meta-analysis
Authors: Wan Xiao , Huang Haitao , Jia Ruiying , Liang Dandan , Lu Guangli , Chen Chaoran 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundMobile phone addiction brings many adverse effects to teenagers, such as physical health problems, emotional problems, and academic failure, and studies have found that social support is an important influencing factor. Therefore, considering institutional, cultural and economic differences, we aimed to investigate the association between mobile phone addiction and social support among mainland Chinese teenagers, and explored the moderators affecting the relation.MethodsBased on the PRISMA method, a meta-analysis was applied to quantitatively synthesize relevant findings to obtain reliable estimates of effect sizes and conduct moderator analyses.ResultsIn total, 92 studies involving 59,716 participants and 92 effect sizes were identified by a systematic literature search. A significant low degree of negative correlation was found between mobile phone addiction and social support (r = −0.174, 95%CI = −0.213 to −0.134, p &lt; 0.001, I2 = 96.1%). Moreover, the present meta-analysis observed significant moderating effects of participants' gender, and region on the association between social support and mobile phone addiction.ConclusionThis study suggests that the mobile phone addiction level of teenagers could be reduced by increasing social support, and actions to improve their social support levels should be proposed based on their gender and regional differences.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021276672.
Acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine booster dose and associated factors among the elderly in China based on the health belief model (HBM): A national cross-sectional study
Authors: Qin Chenyuan , Yan Wenxin , Du Min , Liu Qiao , Tao Liyuan , Liu Min , Liu Jue 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundThe reluctance of individuals to obtain solid vaccine-induced immunity represents a fundamental challenge to containing the spread of SARS-CoV-2, including its highly mutated variants. We aimed to assess vaccination acceptance and associated factors for the COVID-19 vaccine booster dose among elderly people (≥60 years old) in China, providing a theoretical and practical reference for universal vaccination policy.MethodsA national anonymous survey was conducted in mainland China from May 25 to June 8, 2022, using a stratified random sampling method. Individuals 60 years of age and above were the target population. A chi-squared test and Cochran-Armitage test for trend were used to compare and examine vaccine acceptance rates by characteristics. Via a backward stepwise method, multivariable logistic regression models were established to assess factors associated with booster dose acceptance. Two-sided P &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsOf 3,321 eligible participants, 82.8% (95% CI: 81.5–84.1%) were willing to receive COVID-19 vaccine booster shots. Concerns about contraindications (38.3%), vaccine safety (32.0%), and limited movement (28.0%) were the main reasons for vaccine hesitancy. Nearly one-third still believed that the booster dose was unnecessary after receiving the initial vaccination. Older adults with a low level of perceived barriers (aOR = 1.86, 95% CI, 1.03–3.38), a high level of perceived benefit (aOR = 2.31, 95% CI, 1.38–3.87), and higher cues to action (moderate, aOR = 2.22, 95% CI, 1.39–3.56; high, aOR = 5.46, 95% CI: 3.44–8.67) were more likely to accept the booster dose. Other major factors affecting the booster dose acceptance rate were occupation, time spent on social media, vaccination history, and a high knowledge score for COVID-19 and vaccines. In addition, for those over 70 years of age, rising awareness of susceptibility could be a better gateway for improving their willingness to get vaccinated.ConclusionsA total of 82.8% of recruited older adults were willing to receive the booster dose. Acceptance behaviors were closely related to occupation, time spent on social media, vaccination history, knowledge factors, perception of barriers, and benefit, as well as action cues. Targeted public health measures are a priority for improving the vaccination coverage of valid immunity among the elderly population, not only to prevent infection and poor prognosis caused by emerging variants but also to reduce the huge disease and economic burden caused by the long-term sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Comparison of virtual reality platforms to enhance medical education for procedures
Authors: Shah Nishant K. , Taunk Neil K. , Maxwell Russell , Wang Xingmei , Hubley Emily , Anamalayil Shibu , Trotter Jacob W. , Li Taoran 
Published: December 2022

Background: Historically, medical education relied on apprentice-based experiences requiring direct observation in patient cases. Simulation-based education has been shown to improve resident confidence but can be time intensive and difficult to coordinate. The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the need to develop distributed educational tools. Virtual reality (VR) platform has been shown to improve resident confidence and proficiencies. This pilot study compared educational and cost effectiveness of low-cost cardboard viewer VR (CVVR) and commercially available integrated headset VR (IHVR).Methods and Materials: We created a 2D, 360-degree VR video of an intracavitary brachytherapy case for treatment of cervical cancer. Radiation oncology residents from a single ACGME-accredited training program were recruited and randomized to IHVR or CVVR. Both groups were given unlimited access to their randomized technology. Each resident performed a timed intracavitary procedure on a simulator while five implant quality metrics were recorded. A pre- and post-simulation questionnaire assessed self-confidence, procedural knowledge, and perceived usefulness of VR technology.Results: There were 13 residents, including four post-graduate year (PGY)-2, three PGY-3, two PGY-4, and four PGY-5, in the study. Both VR technologies improved self-perceived overall confidence. Average time required for implant (mean: CVVR - 200 s vs IHVR - 235 s, p = 0.38) and median objective proficiencies of implant quality (5/5 in both group, p = 0.56) were similar. There was no difference between CVVR and IHVR as useful, enjoyable and engaging educational tool. Both groups would recommend the technology to another trainee. IHVR-based program would cost ∼33x more than CVVR-based program based on an assessment of US-based programs.Conclusion: CVVR is a cost-effective alternative to a IHVR as a virtual video-based education tool.