bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflections on 30 Years of Taking Care of Patients with Pelvic Floor Disorders
Authors: Hull Tracy L. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOver the past three decades care of patients with pelvic floor disorders has changed dramatically. Fecal incontinence surgery that initially was repair or encircling the anal sphincter now is treated as a first line with sacral nerve stimulation. Rectal prolapse surgery has benefited from minimally invasive approaches and an abdominal approach is considered even in older frail individuals. Medication for constipation has dramatically helped more patients avoid surgery. A multidisciplinary approach with surgeons operating during the same anesthesia on the middle/anterior pelvis and posterior pelvis is common. Evaluation of outcomes and patient-reported outcomes are the norm. We have come a long way toward care of this group of patients, but we still have huge steps to achieve to optimize care as we look toward the next 30 years.
Exploring the Effects of Ketofol and Etomidate on Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygenation during Anesthesia Induction in Supratentorial Tumor Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Study
Authors: Chakraborty Siddharth , Gupta Priyanka , Pathak Sharmishtha , Kaushal Ashutosh , Shekhar Shivam , Yadav Aditya R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Objectives During anesthesia induction, fluctuations in systemic hemodynamic may also alter cerebral hemodynamic, especially in patients with intracranial tumors, as these patients might have impaired cerebral autoregulation. This study compared the effects of ketofol (a mixture of ketamine and propofol) and etomidate on cerebral blood flow, oxygenation, and systemic hemodynamics during anesthesia induction for craniotomy in patients with supratentorial tumors.
Materials and Methods This prospective, randomized, double-blind study included 50 patients aged 18 to 65 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classes I to II, undergoing elective craniotomy. Patients were assigned to receive either ketofol or etomidate for induction. Middle cerebral artery (right and left side) mean flow velocity (mFV) and pulsatility index (PI) were measured using transcranial Doppler, and cerebral oxygenation (rSO2%) of both hemispheres was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during the first 10 minutes (1, 3, 5, and 10 minutes) following anesthesia induction.
Statistics An independent sample “t” test and one-way analysis of variance was used for continuous data. Chi-squared test was used for categorical data. Linear correlation between two continuous variables was explored using Pearson's correlation (normally distributed data) and Spearman's correlation (non-normally distributed data). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results Both groups showed a fall in mFV (cm/s) following induction, with a greater fall in the etomidate group (38.32 ± 2.54 vs. 28.88 ± 3.07; p = 0.001). In the etomidate group, mFV returned to baseline within 3 minutes and rose after laryngoscopy, while it remained below baseline in the ketofol group. rSO2 decreased immediately postinduction but was better preserved in the ketofol group. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate significantly increased during laryngoscopy in the etomidate group (p < 0.001).
Conclusion Ketofol provided more stable cerebral hemodynamics, cerebral oxygenation, and systemic parameters compared with etomidate during anesthesia induction in patients undergoing craniotomy for supratentorial tumors.
Populism in international relations: champion diplomacy
Authors: Eiran Ehud , Ish-Shalom Piki , Kornprobst Markus 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article examines how populism reconfigures diplomacy. We contend that populist leaders practice a new form of diplomacy, i.e., champion diplomacy, which poses significant problems for negotiating and implementing international agreements. Portraying themselves as championing the causes of the people in its supposed struggle against the elites, champion diplomats sideline career diplomats, use simple and often coarse language, and prefer direct public diplomatic encounters, often on social media, over more traditional diplomatic channels. This complicates getting to the negotiation table, makes it more difficult to come up with meaningful agreements, and causes problems for implementing them. Our empirical research of two cases, US nuclear diplomacy towards North Korea and the Abraham Accords between Israel as well as the United Arab Emirates, Bahrein, Morocco and Sudan provides strong evidence for our claims. Our findings have important implications for diplomacy and international order more generally. With populist practices increasingly diffusing in diplomatic conduct, even beyond non-populist leaders, concluding workable agreements among states becomes more and more difficult.
Visual storytelling through the void: a quantitative analysis of empty shot distribution across film genres
Authors: Song Yao , Li Weilin , Wang Zhongrui , Hu Yirong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Empty shots, serving as a distinctive cinematic technique, hold significant prominence within movie narratives, intricately shaping the visual interplay between shot duration and human presence. Despite studies demonstrating the application of empty shots in films, a dearth of quantitative analysis of empty shots across different genres exists, alongside a lack of accurate definitions and associated detection. This study introduces a novel approach that combines methods to define empty shots and assess their occurrence from 1905 to 2019 (N = 2464). The sample was selected based on the criterion of rating and popularity. Utilizing an advanced computer vision tool, empty shots were identified and examined for their distribution across film genres. Our findings reveal significant variations in empty shots among different movie genres. A three-tier classification system for genres was suggested, considering the proportions of empty shots and their roles in cinematic storytelling. By employing a viewer-centric framework and harnessing quantitative analysis, this study advances the definition of empty shots, and its empirical findings elucidate the diverse narrative functions of empty shots across various film genres, thereby enriching the scholarly discourse on the utilization of empty shots in the cinematic language.
Cutoff frequency increase of gate recessed AlGaN/GaN MISHFETs with amorphous AlN insulator
Authors: Kordoš Peter , Gregušová Dagmar , Mikulics Martin , Hardtdegen Hilde Helen 
Published: February 2025

The RF performance of gate recessed MISHFET devices with an amorphous AlN layer was investigated by small-signal (S-parameter) measurements. They reveal current gain and unilateral power gain cutoff frequencies of 125 and 138 GHz, respectively. These device parameters were achieved for gate recessed MISHFET devices after applying a selective “step by step” etching T-gate formation procedure. The results indicate that the combination of an amorphous AlN dielectric layer with the gate recessed AlGaN/GaN MISHFET structures affects the RF performance in devices prepared for high frequency operation advantageously.
Spectroscopy of d-wave superconductors using DNA as a probing tip
Authors: Takagaki Y 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Andreev reflection in DNA molecules terminated by a d-wave superconductor is investigated for demonstrating advantages in using DNA as the probe for the spectroscopy of the superconductor. DNA molecules are incorporated in the simulations using a two-leg ladder model with a simplification as constructed by homopolymers. The increase of the Andreev reflection probability at zero bias originating from the midgap surface states of d-wave superconductors appears even when the DNA molecule is coupled strongly. The zero-bias peak is enhanced by orders of magnitude when the coupling is weakened. The one-dimensional transport in DNA strands gives rise to the remarkable sensitivity in the spectroscopy, where the changes of the reflection probability caused by the midgap states are also in orders of magnitude when the voltage bias is varied and when the orientation of the d-wave symmetry is inclined with respect to the superconductor surface. The quantum interference of the transport between the two strands in DNA modifies the zero-bias increase. A narrow dip occurs at zero bias with a plateau sandwiched by two peaks in the immediate vicinity of the zero bias. The characteristics of these transmission resonances are dependent on the parameters describing the model molecules, and so the width of the resonance peaks, for instance, enables us to evaluate the strength of the inter-strand coupling.&#xD;
Lasing emission from Hybrid Silver Nanowires and Zinc Oxide
Authors: Altamimi Tamim Abdullah , Wan Ahmad Kamil Wan Maryam , Bakhori Siti Khadijah Mohd , Ahmed Naser M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Silver nanowires (Ag NWs) were produced by the polyol technique at a temperature of 160°C and investigated as a random laser device by hybrid combination with zinc oxide (ZnO). A revised polyol method was employed with a short time of only 20 minutes and without an oil path. Ag NWs are extracted through centrifugation with diameters and lengths of approximately 55 nm and 1.7 μm, respectively. Subsequently, ZnO nanopowder is applied as the gain medium for investigating random lasing emission with scatterer resonance provided by the Ag NWs under different configurations: Ag NWs on top of ZnO, ZnO on top of Ag NWs, and finally a mixture of ZnO powder and Ag before applying on glass. The goal is to come up with the best configuration for hybrid Ag NWs and ZnO nanopowder, a novel combination for enhancing random lasing that is yet to be explored. The findings show the existence of Ag NWs within ZnO improves the spectral width of the lasing emission, indicating superior lasing properties. The best sample showed the lowest lasing threshold of 10 mJ/cm², which was obtained from the mixture configuration.&#xD;
Biologically inspired tri-directional soft pneumatic actuators: design, modeling and multi-scenario soft robotic applications
Authors: Guo Xiaohui , Xu Defeng , Liu Hao , Li Zhaobin , Zhu Shengxin , Chen Yinuo , Fan Yao , Qian Xingyu , Wang Zhitong , Tang Yongming , Hong Weiqiang , Shu Jingfeng , Zhao Xiangchen , Hong Qi , Zhao Yunong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Currently, soft pneumatic actuators are widely used in the field of soft robotics. However, the majority of them are designed for specific application scenarios. To broaden the practical applications of a single actuator and tackle the issue of actuator versatility, this paper introduces the design of a bionic multidirectional bending actuator inspired by the tail structure of a crocodile. The actuator offers cost-effectiveness, responsiveness, adaptability, and sideways rotation capability. The research utilizes a modular approach that allows the actuator to be constructed and assembled into mechanical soft grippers, assistive gloves, and bipedal crawling robots. Based on various application scenarios, this study has designed three basic bending gaits that enable a mechanical gripper to grasp objects, unscrew bottle caps, assist the hand in grasping and placing objects, and enable the robot to crawl forward and turn, respectively. Overall, the actuators proposed in this paper are highly adaptable to a variety of applications and can reliably fulfil the required tasks.
Phonon effects, impact ionization and power conversion in Mott photovoltaic systems
Authors: Gazzaneo Paolo , Arrigoni Enrico 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We analyze the effect of acoustic phonons on the photocurrent and the spectral characteristics of a simplified photovoltaic setup made of Mott insulating layers between two metallic leads with a bias voltage applied between them. We include acoustic phonons via the Migdal approximation and we use real-space Floquet dynamical mean-field theory to address the nonequilibrium Floquet steady-state. The so-called auxiliary master equation approach is employed as impurity solver. We find that impact ionization is only weakly affected by acoustic phonon dissipation at low bias voltages. For higher biases instead, the Hartree shift considerably alters the on-site energies of the Hubbard bands and suppresses the photocurrent for intermediate electron-phonon coupling strengths. Impact ionization processes play a fundamental role in enhancing the electrical output power, which decreases when electron-phonon interaction is considered.&#xD;
New mean-field theory applied to antiferromagnetic spin models with geometric frustration
Authors: Oliveira Samuel , Santos Jander Pereira , Sá Barreto Francisco César 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this work, we presented a new theoretical approach based on Mean-Field Theory, employing a hybrid Hamiltonian (spin/charge) in the spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic Ising model on lattices exhibiting geometric frustration. The study was conducted using the mean-field theory derived from Bogoliubov’s inequality to obtain a generic expression for the free energy in any frustrated lattice. To validate this theoretical approach, we applied the model to both the pyrochlore and kagome lattices occupied by spin-1/2 described by antiferromagnetic Ising model. The results revealed key features of geometric frustration in the studied structures, consistent with previous results reported in the literature, such as residual entropy, the characteristic behavior of the specific heat, and the emergence of plateaus in the magnetization curves.
Dissociation of gas-phase anisole induced by low-energy electron interactions: understanding patterns of aromatic bond cleavage
Authors: Finley Jacob , Kharchilava Giorgi , Carmichael Ian , Chakraborty Dipayan , Ptasinska Sylwia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In view of elucidating the fragmentation patterns of aromatic systems induced by low-energy electron interactions, dissociative electron attachment (DEA) to gas-phase anisole was performed. Anionic fragments resulting from this DEA process were detected by a quadrupole mass spectrometer, and ion yields of those fragments as a function of incident electron energy were rendered. Our study showed the formation of CH3−, HCC−, and OCH3− fragments, suggesting that various dissociation channels proceed out of DEA to anisole. We employed density functional theory to compute thermodynamic threshold energies for each potential dissociation channel. Those theoretical calculations supported the prediction that the CH3− and OCH3− fragments form via mechanisms of single-bond cleavage; the HCC− fragments may form through two-, three-, or four-body dissociation channels that entail hydrogen transfers and the cleavage of multiple aromatic bonds. The experimental resonance energies that form the CH3−, HCC−, and OCH3− fragments were 6.0 eV, 5.8 and 9.7 eV, and 9.8 eV, respectively. Given the classification of anisole as a monosubstituted aromatic species, our results explain generalizable patterns of electron-mediated dissociation in aromatic systems.
CMB-HD as a probe of dark matter on sub-galactic scales
Authors: MacInnis Amanda , Sehgal Neelima 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We show for the first time that high-resolution CMB lensing observations can probe
structure on sub-galactic scales. In particular, a CMB-HD experiment can probe out to k ∼
55 h/Mpc, corresponding to halo masses of about 108 M⊙. Over the range 0.005 h/Mpc <
k < 55 h/Mpc, spanning four orders of magnitude, the total lensing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
from the temperature, polarization, and lensing power spectra is greater than 1900. CMB-HD gains
most of the lensing SNR at small scales from the temperature power spectrum, as opposed to the
lensing spectrum. These lensing measurements allow CMB-HD to distinguish between cold dark matter
(CDM) and non-CDM models that change the matter power spectrum on sub-galactic scales. We also
find that CMB-HD can distinguish between baryonic feedback effects and non-CDM models due to the
different way each impacts the lensing signal. The kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) power spectrum
further constrains non-CDM models that deviate from CDM on the smallest scales CMB-HD
measures. For example, CMB-HD can detect 1 keV warm dark matter (WDM) at 30σ, or rule out
about 7 keV WDM at 95% CL, in a ΛWDM+N
eff+ ∑ mν + m
WDM +
log10
T
AGN + A
kSZ + n
kSZ model; here T
AGN
characterizes the strength of the feedback, and A
kSZ and n
kSZ allow freedom in
the amplitude and slope of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich power spectrum. This work provides an
initial exploration of what can be achieved with reasonable assumptions about systematic
effects. We make the CMB-HD Fisher code used here publicly available, and note that it can be
modified to use any non-CDM model that changes the matter power spectrum.
Scheme design and structural safety analysis of lifting net cage
Authors: Wang Shaomin , Ma Zhenhua , Yang Xieqiu , Bai Zemin , Qiu Yu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Deep-water cage culture can better simulate the natural growth environment of fish, improve the culture environment, and improve the yield and quality of cultured varieties. A lifting cage is a new type of fishery culture equipment, which has the advantages that ordinary deep-sea cages do not have: lifting can be realized in the case of heavy waves, wave load can be reduced, and structural safety can be improved. In this paper, according to the needs of deep-sea aquaculture, a lifting cage scheme is designed, the structural strength and stability of the cage structure under extremely typical working conditions are checked by ANSYS, and the stress concentration parts are optimized. The results show that the lifting cage platform designed in this paper has the characteristics of a simple structure and high safety factor, which provides a reference for structural design and safety evaluation of deep-sea lifting cages.
Research on reliability prediction methods for aircraft nacelle systems based on FMEA and FTA
Authors: Hua Xiaoge , Hu Ying , Li Jingjing , Cong Hao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The nacelle system, as one of the critical components of civil aircraft, is used to house the aircraft’s engine, providing structural protection, aerodynamic optimization, and facilitating ground maintenance. Its reliability is directly related to the flight safety and operational efficiency of the aircraft. With the continuous development of the national civil aviation industry, research on the reliability technology of civil aircraft nacelle systems has become particularly important, emerging as a significant research direction in the field of aeronautical engineering. This paper focuses on the reliability study of civil aircraft nacelle systems, establishing a failure FTA diagram, exploring and studying the prediction methods for reliability indicators such as DR, SR, and MTBF of civil aircraft nacelle systems, and conducting quantitative estimates of equipment-level reliability. This provides a theoretical reference for further research on the reliability and safety of civil aircraft nacelle systems in China.
Optimization study of tungsten bar rotary forging process based on deform
Authors: He Xuewen , Wang Yong , Yuan Kui 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A numerical simulation of tungsten bar rotary forging was conducted using Deform 3D software. The effects of hammerhead radial feed, relative rotational speed, axial feed rate of the billet, and initial billet temperature on the forging process were investigated through an orthogonal test. The optimal parameters for tungsten bar rotary forging were determined as follows: The radial feed of the hammerhead is 1.5 mm, the relative rotational speed is 880 rpm, the axial feed rate is 6.5 m/min, and the initial billet temperature is 1550°C. Subsequently, a trial production of tungsten bar forging was performed using these optimized parameters. The results demonstrated that the samples produced with the optimized conditions exhibited excellent performance.
Optimization of auger drill design based on response surface methodology and screening techniques
Authors: Qian Zhijie , Zhou Dongcheng , Xu Zhaohuan , Hu Rongcheng , Yu Kaiyun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper presents a novel optimization design approach for auger drill bits, integrating Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Screening Techniques. This combined approach not only enhances the geometric parameters and material properties but also improves drilling efficiency and wear resistance significantly over traditional design approaches. The goal is to improve the drill bit’s geometric parameters and material properties to enhance drilling efficiency, wear resistance, and processing accuracy. The study begins by defining the boundary conditions for the auger drill bit and conducting finite element analysis. Experimental design is performed using Central Composite Design (CCD). A surrogate model is generated with the Kriging model. Screening Techniques are then applied to identify the optimal solution. The results show that the optimized auger drill bit meets the stiffness and strength requirements while reducing the weight from 13.825 kg to approximately 10.1 kg. Additionally, both the maximum deformation and maximum stress are within the design standards, achieving the goal of lightweight design.
The development of a coaxial correction device for workpiece clamping is briefly discussed
Authors: Zhou Dayong , Wu Chunyan , Zhou Ling , Li Chunren , Jiao Pande , Miao Guodong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To quickly locate and improve the coaxiality of workpieces during the machining process of a common lathe, a coaxiality correction device for mounting workpieces is proposed. This device is mainly aimed at short-shaft workpieces that require multiple mounting operations during the utilization of a common lathe in emergency repair or small-batch production scenarios, which takes up a lot of time and affects the repair and processing efficiency. When using the device developed in this study to correct the coaxiality of workpieces (by making the outer surface of the workpiece tightly fit the outer surface of the bearing assembly until the bearing assembly has difficulty rotating, indicating that the workpiece has quickly aligned), not only can the coaxiality of the machined workpiece be guaranteed, but also the processing efficiency of the workpiece can be effectively improved.
Analysis of static pressure turntable bearing characteristics of tractor servo steering system
Authors: Cui Wenhao , Yu Yahui 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In response to the requirement for traction sliding mode in a follow-up steering function, a follow-up steering system with static pressure support is built, using the traction conditions of the B737-800 as a case study. To achieve optimal working conditions in the new traction taxiing mode, simulations of the fluid domain and analyses of bearing characteristics are conducted, revealing the impact of system parameters on the distribution of the pressure and velocity fields of the turntable under standard operating conditions. The precise impacts of parameters like oil supply pressure and orifice diameter on the oil film-bearing performance of vertical and radial turntables are investigated in greater detail. By analyzing the distribution of oil film pressure and velocity under varying conditions, the influence of these parameters on total bearing capacity is ascertained. The performance offers a theoretical foundation and direction for the design and optimization of hydrostatic turntables, presenting significant practical value.