bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Milk Fortification with Vitamin A & D: A Need of the Hour in India
Authors: Babu B. Kishore , Sai T. Pavan 
Published: January 2022

Micronutrient deficiency is caused by a diet deficient in important vitamins and minerals, and it continues to be a serious public health issue for many low- and middle-income countries' populations. Vitamin A and D deficiency is extremely common in India, affecting both young children and adults. With 146.3 million tonnes of milk produced annually, India is the world's largest producer, yet only around 9% of the milk is fortified with vitamins and minerals.
Milk fortification is one of the treatments for vitamin deficiency. Milk is one of the most nutrient-dense foods available. In India, it is a staple dish that is consumed by people of all age groups. Regular consumption of fortified milk led to an 18% reduction in diarrhoea, a 26% reduction in pneumonia, 7% fewer days with a high fever, and 15% fewer days sick with severe sickness. Out of 416 LLPD produced, about 198.4 LLPD gets fortified currently in India, reaching about 121 million people. There is still a significant gap between production and fortification. Governments must take appropriate steps to improve milk fortification and make India a healthy country.
Orchestrated Yolk–Shell Nanohybrids Regulate Macrophage Polarization and Dendritic Cell Maturation for Oncotherapy with Augmented Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyi , Guo Kangli , Zhang Kai , Duan Shun , Chen Meiwan , Zhao Nana , Xu Fu‐Jian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe protumoral and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments greatly limit the antitumor immune responses of nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy. Here, the intrinsic immunomodulatory effects of orchestrated nanoparticles and their ability to simultaneously trigger tumor antigen release, thereby reversing immunosuppression and achieving potent antitumor immunity and augmented cancer therapy, are explored. By optimizing both the composition and morphology, a facile strategy is proposed to construct yolk–shell nanohybrids (Fe3O4@C/MnO2‐PGEA, FCMP). The intrinsic immunomodulatory effects of FCMP are utilized to reprogram macrophages to M1 phenotype and induce the maturation of dendritic cells. In addition, the chemical, magnetic, and optical properties of FCMP contribute to amplified immunogenic cell death induced by multiaugmented chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and synergistic tumor treatment. Taking advantage of the unique yolk–shell structure, accurate T1‐T2 dual‐mode magnetic resonance imaging can be realized and CDT can be maximized through sufficient exposure of both the Fe3O4 core and MnO2 shell. Potent antitumor effects are found to substantially inhibit the growth of both primary and distant tumors. Furthermore, the strategy can be extended to the synthesis of other yolk–shell nanohybrids with tailored properties. This work establishes a novel strategy for the fabrication of multifunctional nanoplatforms with yolk‐shell structure for effective cancer therapy with immunomodulation‐enhanced antitumor immunity.
Synergistic Catalysis of Co‐Zr/CNx Bimetallic Nanoparticles Enables Reductive Amination of Biobased Levulinic Acid
Authors: Wu Pei‐dong , Li Hu , Fang Zhen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBimetallic synergy and carbon–nitrogen doping can contribute to enhanced catalytic activity due to the strong electronic state and unique geometrical structure. In this work, a series of biomass‐derived Co‐M bimetallic CN doped catalysts (Co‐M@Chitosan‐X; M = Zr, Ni, Fe, Cu, In; X denotes the molar percentage of M) are prepared via simple oil bath reflow and annealing. The Co‐Zr@Chitosan‐X catalysts are determined to contain alloys (Co‐Zr), metal‐carbon bonds (Co‐C, Zr‐C), metal‐nitrogen bonds (Co‐N, Zr‐N), and metal oxides (Co3O4, ZrO2) through a series of characterizations, in which graphite‐coated alloys and metal oxides are found to be the catalytically active species. The doping of the second metal results in a significant enhancement for the number of active sites in the catalyst, and the d‐band center is shifted toward a deviation from the Fermi energy level. Among the tested catalysts, Co‐Zr@Chitosan‐20 exhibits superior catalytic activity for the reductive amination of biobased levulinic acid to 5‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone in 99.3% selectivity and 92.8% yield. This non‐noble metal bimetallic synergistic catalytic protocol opens an avenue for efficiently producing biomass‐derived nitrogenous chemicals.
Cyanine‐Doped Lanthanide Metal–Organic Frameworks for Near‐Infrared II Bioimaging
Authors: Liang Tao , Guo Zhi , He Yifan , Wang Yanying , Li Chunya , Li Zhen , Liu Zhihong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDeveloping metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with strong near‐infrared II (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) emission is significant for biomedical research but highly challenging. So far there are no MOFs reported for NIR‐II imaging in vivo due to their poor NIR‐II emission efficiency. Herein, a strategy is proposed to prepare MOFs with strong NIR‐II emission, by integrating NIR dye IR‐3C and Ln3+ (Ln = Yb, Nd, and Er) into a same framework. IR‐3C with high photon‐absorption ability harvests the excitation photons and transfers energy to Ln3+ via a resonance energy transfer pathway, significantly enhancing the NIR‐II emission of Ln3+. The as‐obtained Er‐BTC‐IR exhibits excellent NIR‐IIb (1500–1700 nm) emission efficiency in aqueous phase and good biocompatibility after surface modification, which provides advanced bioimaging performance in vivo. It is able to clearly delineate the vessels, spine, and lymph of mice, and also to differentiate the vessels with acute vascular inflammation. This strategy paves the way to the preparation of NIR‐II emissive MOFs and will promote their bioapplication.
Spherical Ni3S2/Fe‐NiPx Magic Cube with Ultrahigh Water/Seawater Oxidation Efficiency
Authors: Luo Xu , Ji Pengxia , Wang Pengyan , Tan Xin , Chen Lei , Mu Shichun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe rational construction of earth‐abundant and advanced electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is extremely desired and significant to seawater electrolysis. Herein, by directly etching Ni3S2 nanosheets through potassium ferricyanide, a novel self‐sacrificing template strategy is proposed to realize the in situ growth of NiFe‐based Prussian blue analogs (NiFe PBA) on Ni3S2 in an interfacial redox reaction. The well‐designed Ni3S2@NiFe PBA composite as precursor displays a unique spherical magic cube architecture composed of nanocubes, which even maintains after a phosphating treatment to obtain the derived Ni3S2/Fe‐NiPx on nickel foam. Specifically, in alkaline seawater, the Ni3S2/Fe‐NiPx as OER precatalyst marvelously realizes the ultralow overpotentials of 336 and 351 mV at large current densities of 500 and 1000 mA cm–2, respectively, with remarkable durability for over 225 h, outperforming most reported advanced OER electrocatalysts. Experimentally, a series of characterization results confirm the reconstruction behavior in the Ni3S2/Fe‐NiPx surface, leading to the in situ formation of Ni(OH)2/Ni(Fe)OOH with abundant oxygen vacancies and grain boundaries, which constructs the Ni3S2/Fe‐NiPx reconstruction system responsible for the remarkable OER catalytic activity. Theoretical calculation results further verify the enhanced OER activity for Ni3S2/Fe‐NiPx reconstruction system, and unveil that the Fe‐Ni2P/FeOOH as active origin contributes to the central OER activity.
Influence of Nanoscale Charge Trapping Layer on the Memory and Synaptic Characteristics of a Novel Rubidium Lead Chloride Quantum Dot Based Memristor
Authors: Das Ujjal , Sarkar Pranab Kumar , Das Dip , Paul Bappi , Roy Asim 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMemristors are one of the fastest developing electronic devices in the field of data storage and brain inspired neural computing. As a two terminal device, memristors are numerously utilized as resistive random access memories (RRAM) and energy efficient artificial synapses. Herein, the fabrication of perovskite‐type rubidium lead chloride quantum dots (RPCQDs) is reported as a functional layer in a memristive system. The device, Al/RPCQDs/indium doped tin oxide (ITO), exhibits a cycling‐induced decrease in SET voltage, where Al and ITO work as a top and bottom electrode respectively. However, time dependent self‐recovery to the pristine state is observed in the Al/RPCQDs/ITO device. In contrast, the self‐rejuvenation is suppressed when a buffer capped conducting polymer (BCCP) is incorporated on the ITO layer to make a Al/RPCQDs/BCCP/ITO structure. This customized device structure successfully retains the reproducible bipolar switching behavior without severe deviation in operating voltages, which helps in studying reliable memristive properties. In addition, the Al/RPCQDs/BCCP/ITO memristive device also demonstrates some essential synaptic functions such as pair‐pulse facilitation, long‐term potentiation, and long‐term depression.
Calix[4]pyrrolatostannat(II): Ein Tetraamidozinn(II)dianion als starker, metallzentrierter σ‐Donor
Authors: Ruppert Heiko , Greb Lutz 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAnionische, metallzentrierte Nukleophile sind Verbindungen mit einzigartigen Reaktivitäten. In dieser Arbeit beschreiben wir die Isolierung und vollständige Charakterisierung des ersten Tetraamidozinn(II)dianions, sein Verhalten als Ligand gegenüber Übergangsmetallen und seine Reaktivität als zinnzentriertes Nukleophil. Experimentelle Werte wie der elektronische Tolman Parameter (TEP) und quantenchemische Berechnungen bescheinigen dem Zinn eine σ‐Donorfähigkeit, welche die von Carbenen oder elektronenreichen Phosphinen übertrifft. Gegenüber Übergangsmetallen kann das Stannat(II) als η1‐ oder η5‐Ligand wirken. Mit Aldehyden reagiert es unter Hydridsubstitution zu wertvollen Acylstannaten(IV). Die reduktive Dehalogenierung von Iodbenzol weist auf zugängliche Redoxwege hin, welche durch die Wechselwirkung mit Halogenbindungen vermittelt werden. Calix[4]pyrrolatostannat(II) [2]2 ist das erste Beispiel niedervalenter p‐Block‐Elementkomplexe der Calix[4]pyrrole.
Superlattice in a Ru Superstructure for Enhancing Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Juntao , Mao Xinnan , Wang Suling , Liang Lingling , Cao Maofeng , Wang Lu , Li Gen , Xu Yong , Huang Xiaoqing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSuperlattices are attracting extensive attention due to their unique properties. Nevertheless, the observations of superlattices are limited to those layered structures with weak interlayered interactions, and the effect of the superlattice in metal‐based nanostructures on catalysis is unexplored yet. We here report a facile wet‐chemical method for synthesizing two‐dimensional Ru multilayered nanosheets (Ru MNSs) with a superlattice. Characterizations reveal that the superlattice is formed by stacking Ru layers with twisted angles from 2° to 30°. Owing to the strong synergy between the adjacent layers, Ru MNSs can serve as an efficient catalyst for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Theoretical calculations reveal that the superlattice can induce the strain effect, which leads to lattice contraction and weak *H adsorption ability, as a result of improved HER performance. This work sheds new light on the utilization of the superlattice on enhancing catalysis in metal‐based materials.
Self‐Adjusting Metal–Organic Framework for Efficient Capture of Trace Xenon and Krypton
Authors: Niu Zheng , Fan Ziwen , Pham Tony , Verma Gaurav , Forrest Katherine A. , Space Brian , Thallapally Praveen K. , Al‐Enizi Abdullah M. , Ma Shengqian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe capture of the xenon and krypton from nuclear reprocessing off‐gas is essential to the treatment of radioactive waste. Although various porous materials have been employed to capture Xe and Kr, the development of high‐performance adsorbents capable of trapping Xe/Kr at very low partial pressure as in the nuclear reprocessing off‐gas conditions remains challenging. Herein, we report a self‐adjusting metal‐organic framework based on multiple weak binding interactions to capture trace Xe and Kr from the nuclear reprocessing off‐gas. The self‐adjusting behavior of ATC‐Cu and its mechanism have been visualized by the in‐situ single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies and theoretical calculations. The self‐adjusting behavior endows ATC‐Cu unprecedented uptake capacities of 2.65 and 0.52 mmol g−1 for Xe and Kr respectively at 0.1 bar and 298 K, as well as the record Xe capture capability from the nuclear reprocessing off‐gas. Our work not only provides a benchmark Xe adsorbent but proposes a new route to construct smart materials for efficient separations.
Highly Efficient Polarizing Agents for MAS‐DNP of Proton‐Dense Molecular Solids
Authors: Harrabi Rania , Halbritter Thomas , Aussenac Fabien , Dakhlaoui Ons , van Tol Johan , Damodaran Krishna K. , Lee Daniel , Paul Subhradip , Hediger Sabine , Mentink‐Vigier Frederic , Sigurdsson Snorri Th. , De Paëpe Gaël 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEfficiently hyperpolarizing proton‐dense molecular solids through dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) solid‐state NMR is still an unmet challenge. Polarizing agents (PAs) developed so far do not perform well on proton‐rich systems, such as organic microcrystals and biomolecular assemblies. Herein we introduce a new PA, cAsymPol‐POK, and report outstanding hyperpolarization efficiency on 12.76 kDa U‐13C,15N‐labeled LecA protein and pharmaceutical drugs at high magnetic fields (up to 18.8 T) and fast magic angle spinning (MAS) frequencies (up to 40 kHz). The performance of cAsymPol‐POK is rationalized by MAS‐DNP simulations combined with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD). This work shows that this new biradical is compatible with challenging biomolecular applications and unlocks the rapid acquisition of 13C–13C and 15N–13C correlations of pharmaceutical drugs at natural isotopic abundance, which are key experiments for structure determination.
Enzymatic C‐to‐C Protein Ligation
Authors: Rehm Fabian B. H. , Tyler Tristan J. , de Veer Simon J. , Craik David J. , Durek Thomas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTranspeptidase‐catalyzed protein and peptide modifications have been widely utilized for generating conjugates of interest for biological investigation or therapeutic applications. However, all known transpeptidases are constrained to ligating in the N‐to‐C orientation, limiting the scope of attainable products. Here, we report that an engineered asparaginyl ligase accepts diverse incoming nucleophile substrate mimetics, particularly when a means of selectively quenching the reactivity of byproducts released from the recognition sequence is employed. In addition to directly catalyzing formation of l‐/d‐ or α‐/β‐amino acid junctions, we find C‐terminal Leu‐ethylenediamine (Leu‐Eda) motifs to be bona fide mimetics of native N‐terminal Gly‐Leu sequences. Appending a C‐terminal Leu‐Eda to synthetic peptides or, via an intein‐splicing approach, to recombinant proteins enables direct transpeptidase‐catalyzed C‐to‐C ligations. This work significantly expands the synthetic scope of enzyme‐catalyzed protein transpeptidation reactions.
Internal Electric Field and Interfacial Bonding Engineered Step‐Scheme Junction for a Visible‐Light‐Involved Lithium–Oxygen Battery
Authors: Zhu Zhuo , Lv Qingliang , Ni Youxuan , Gao Suning , Geng Jiarun , Liang Jing , Li Fujun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLi–O2batteries have aroused considerable interest in recent years, however they are hindered by high kinetic barriers and large overvoltages at cathodes. Herein, a step‐scheme (S‐scheme) junction with hematite on carbon nitride (Fe2O3/C3N4) is designed as a bifunctional catalyst to facilitate oxygen redox for a visible‐light‐involved Li–O2battery. The internal electric field and interfacial Fe−N bonding in the heterojunction boost the separation and directional migration of photo‐carriers to establish spatially isolated redox centers, at which the photoelectrons on C3N4and holes on Fe2O3remarkably accelerate the discharge and charge kinetics. These enable the Li–O2battery with Fe2O3/C3N4to present an elevated discharge voltage of 3.13 V under illumination, higher than the equilibrium potential 2.96 V in the dark, and a charge voltage of 3.19 V, as well as superior rate capability and cycling stability. This work will shed light on rational cathode design for metal–O2batteries.
Aerosol invigoration effect in Guilin (China)
Authors: Li Xiong , Pan Ying , Mo Zhaoyu , Liu Risheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe data of lightning flash count, rainfall, radar reflectivity, vertical wind shear (WS), surface dew point temperature (DP) and particulate matter up to 10 μm in size (PM10) over Guilin, China from July 2010 to December 2019 were studied to check whether aerosol invigoration effect (AIV) exists in the study area. It was found that convective rainfall fluctuates less when compared with lightning in convective system. A hypothesis was put forward that the difference in fluctuations between convective rainfall and lightning is attributed to AIV. To test this hypothesis, lightning yield, which is defined as the ratio between lightning and rainfall, was analyzed. It was found that lightning yield has a positive correlation with PM10 when WS is low and DP is high for convective precipitation. It was also found that for the weak WS cases, when aerosol conditions are shifted from super pristine to the optimal concentration (Nop), lightning yield increases with increasing PM10; whereas for concentrations greater than Nop, lightning yield decreases with increasing PM10. Nop would be larger for higher DP. The results are in line with the previous studies showing that AIV depends strongly on weak wind shear and/or warm cloud base. This suggests that AIV exists in the study area, and suggests that the hypothesis is reasonable, and lightning yield can be used as a surrogate to study AIV.
Current and lifetime somatic symptom burden among transition‐aged autistic young adults
Authors: Williams Zachary J. , Gotham Katherine O. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSomatic symptoms are the most common cause of outpatient medical visits in the general population, yet their presence and severity in individuals on the autism spectrum has rarely been studied. We sought to assess the prevalence, impact, and clinical correlates of 14 commonly reported somatic symptoms in a sample of 290 transition‐aged autistic young adults (mean [SD] age: 23.10 [2.38] years, range 18–26; 76.7% diagnosed with autism before age 18) recruited from the Simons Foundation SPARK participant pool. A modified version of the Patient Health Questionnaire–15 was used to assess somatic symptom prevalence/impact, along with measures of depression, anxiety, autistic traits, and quality of life. Somatic symptom burden was much higher in autistic young adults than previously reported in the general population. The most commonly reported current symptoms were fatigue (72.8%), sleep problems (69.0%), and menstrual problems (61.4% of females). Moderate or severe symptom levels were reported by 53.9% of females and 18.75% of males in our cohort, with the odds of females endorsing any given symptom being 2–4 times greater than males. Both individual symptoms and total symptom burden were related to higher levels of depression, anxiety, and autistic traits, along with lower quality of life. Despite little research on this topic previously, somatic symptoms are highly prevalent in autistic young adults, particularly women. Future research is needed to investigate links between somatic symptoms, medical and psychiatric morbidity, and health care utilization in the autistic population.Lay SummarySomatic symptoms (i.e., physical symptoms such as such as pain, weakness, stomachache, or shortness of breath) are highly prevalent in the general population and account for a large proportion of health care costs. However, few studies have investigated how often these symptoms are reported by autistic adults or their associations with other clinical and demographic variables. Based on self‐report data from 290 young autistic adults, we found very high rates of bothersome somatic symptoms in this population, with females endorsing all symptoms at substantially higher rates than males. Somatic symptoms were also associated with worse mental health and quality of life, suggesting that they represent an overlooked contributor to poor health outcomes in the autistic adult population.
Multiple plaque incisions with or without grafting for Peyronie's disease
Authors: Hegarty Paul K. , O Sullivan Daniel , Hegarty Penelope A. , Zafirakis Helen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo assess novel surgical techniques in management of Peyronie's disease.SubjectsForty‐three men underwent corrective surgery using either partial plaque incision and nongraft (PPING) or multiple plaque incisions and graft (MPIG). The technique used was determined intra‐operatively. Patients were assessed at baseline and follow‐up based on Peyronie's disease questionnaire patient‐reported outcome measure (PDQ‐PROM) and erectile function.ResultsThe two groups were well matched in age and erectile function. At baseline MPIG group had greater deformity and poorer patient‐reported outcome. Penile curvature improved from 67.9° to 10.5° in the PPING group and 77.9° to 7.1° with MPIG. PDQ‐PROM improved from 29 to 13 in those who underwent PPING and 38.5 to 17.6 in those undergoing MPIG. Erectile function was preserved in both groups.ConclusionsThese novel surgeries are effective in restoring penile shape and length while preserving erectile function. This is reflected in improved patient‐reported outcomes. These findings should be verified by multi‐institutional study.
Pure single‐port retzius‐sparing robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy with the da Vinci SP: Initial experience and technique description
Authors: Koukourikis Periklis , Alqahtani Ali Abdullah , Han Woong Kyu , Rha Koon Ho 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the feasibility and safety of pure single‐port (SP) retzius‐sparing robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) using the da Vinci SP and describe the technique.Materials and MethodsFrom August 2020 to November 2020, data of 10 consecutive patients with localized prostate cancer, who underwent SP retzius‐sparing RARP, were prospectively collected. Patients demographics, intraoperative variables, postoperative complications, early oncological, and functional outcomes were assessed.ResultsThe patients were aged 46–73 years with a body mass index between 20.3 and 27.4 kg/m2. Prostate volumes ranged from 15 to 47.2 ml, with a median (interquartile range, IQR) PSA level of 7.4 (6.2–9.1) ng/ml. All surgeries were successfully completed without conversion. The median (IQR) operative and console time were 106 (101–109) min and 65 (63–68) min, respectively. The median (IQR) blood loss was 125 (50–150) ml, and one Clavien–Dindo grade I complication occurred. At 3 months, nine patients had undetectable PSA levels and all patients were continent.ConclusionsPure SP retzius‐sparing RARP could be safely performed using the da Vinci SP system, with acceptable surgical times and minimal complications. Future research will evaluate the advantages of this technique over the standard multiport robotic surgery.