bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A human mesenchymal spheroid prototype to replace moderate severity animal procedures in leukaemia drug testing
Authors: Wilson Aaron , Hockney Sean , Parker Jessica , Angel Sharon , Blair Helen , Pal Deepali 
Published: November 2022

Patient derived xenograft (PDX) models are regarded as gold standard preclinical models in leukaemia research, especially in testing new drug combinations where typically 45-50 mice are used per assay. 9000 animal experiments are performed annually in the UK in leukaemia research with these expensive procedures being classed as moderate severity, meaning they cause significant pain, suffering and visible distress to animal’s state. Furthermore, not all clinical leukaemia samples engraft and when they do data turnaround time can be between 6-12 months. Heavy dependence on animal models is because clinical leukaemia samples do not proliferate in vitro. Alternative cell line models though popular for drug testing are not biomimetic – they are not dependent on the microenvironment for survival, growth and treatment response and being derived from relapse samples they do not capture the molecular complexity observed at disease presentation. Here we have developed an in vitro platform to rapidly establish co-cultures of patient-derived leukaemia cells with 3D bone marrow mesenchyme spheroids, BM-MSC-spheroids. We optimise protocols for developing MSC-spheroid leukaemia co-culture using clinical samples and deliver drug response data within a week. Using three patient samples representing distinct cytogenetics we show that patient-derived-leukaemia cells show enhanced proliferation when co-cultured with MSC-spheroids. In addition, MSC-spheroids provided improved protection against treatment. This makes our spheroids suitable to model treatment resistance – a major hurdle in current day cancer management Given this 3Rs approach is 12 months faster (in delivering clinical data), is a human cell-based biomimetic model and uses 45-50 fewer animals/drug-response assay the anticipated target end-users would include academia and pharmaceutical industry. This animal replacement prototype would facilitate clinically translatable research to be performed with greater ethical, social and financial sustainability.
Polish version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42) – adaptation and normalization
Authors: Makara-Studzińska Marta , Załuski Maciej , Adamczyk Katarzyna , Tyburski Ernest 
Published: November 2022

Cel pracyCelem badania była polska adaptacja i wstępna normalizacja Skali Depresji, Lęku i Stresu wersja 42 (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale – 42; DASS-42).MetodaBadanie przeprowadzono w grupie 1021 respondentów (625 kobiet i 396 mężczyzn), w wieku: 18-83 lata (M = 30.67; SD = 13.25). Była to grupa niekliniczna. Drugą grupą utworzyło 49 pacjentów psychiatrycznych (28 kobiet i 21 mężczyzn), w wieku: 22-76 lat (M = 49,40 SD = 13,34). Rzetelność DASS-42 została oszacowana za pomocą współczynników: α Cronhacha oraz współczynnika korelacji wewnątrzklasowej (ICC).WynikiW próbie nieklinicznej współczynnik α Cronhacha przyjął wartość 0,93 pkt. dla podskali depresji, 0,89 pkt. dla podskali lęku, 0,92 pkt. dla podskali stresu oraz 0,96 pkt. dla wyniku ogólnego DASS-42. Współczynniki korelacji wewnątrzklasowej przyjęły wartości zadowalające, pomiędzy 0,37 a 0,49 pkt. Pacjenci psychiatryczni uzyskali wyniki istotnie wyższe (p < 0.001) od osób zdrowych we wszystkich podskalach kwestionariusza oraz wyniku ogólnym. Jest to wskaźnik dobrej trafności równoczesnej narzędzia. Wielkość efektu różnic dla wszystkich wskaźników kwestionariusza była duża (0,96 < d < 1,44). Wyniki uzyskane przez zdrowe kobiety i zdrowych mężczyzn różniły się od siebie, natomiast wiek nie zróżnicował osób badanych. Skala stenowa została opracowana z uwzględnieniem płci respondentów.WnioskiUzyskano wyniki potwierdzające zadowalające właściwości psychometryczne polskiej wersji kwestionariusza DASS-42. Narzędzie to może być przydatne do użycia w badaniach przesiewowych w grupach osób zdrowych i pacjentów psychiatrycznych.
High brightness in-band pumped fiber MOPA with output power scaling to >4.6kW
Authors: Mete Busra , Yeniay Aydın , Ecevit F. Necati , Kalyoncu Salih K. 
Published: November 2022

An in-band pumping technique that employs low numerical aperture (NA) and high brightness fiber lasers emitting at 1018 nm enables outstanding power scaling performance by increasing pump power handling capacity of fiber components, reducing thermal load and quantum defect. Here, we present design criteria for an in-band pumped fiber master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) structure, pumped with 1018 nm fiber lasers, as well as mitigation strategies for nonlinear effects for scalable single-mode laser operation at multi-kilowatt power levels. In addition, we report experimental demonstration of an in-band pumped MOPA with an output power scaling up to 4.63 kW and a slope efficiency of∼88%. The MOPA system is pumped by18×264Whigh brightness fiber lasers operating at1017.8±0.3nmwith an NA of<0.075. The laser emits at 1080.4 nm wavelength with a stimulated Raman scattering suppression of>36.8dBand has a near-diffraction-limited beam quality ofM2∼1.61. To the best of our knowledge, our laser has the highest brightness of153GW⋅cm−2⋅sr−1reported at 1080 nm in co-pumping configuration.
Analytical solution of the vector radiative transfer equation for single scattered radiance: erratum
Authors: Hank Philipp , Liemert André , Kienle Alwin 
Published: November 2022

We have discovered a small error in our recently published work
[J. Opt. Soc. Am.
A 39, 2045
(2022)JOSAAH0030-394110.1364/JOSAA.467890], which we correct in
this erratum. The error is located in Section 2.D and affects
the solution for polydisperse distributions.
The Singularity Theorems of General Relativity and Their Low Regularity Extensions
Authors: Steinbauer Roland 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOn the occasion of Sir Roger Penrose’s 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics, we review the singularity theorems of General Relativity, as well as their recent extension to Lorentzian metrics of low regularity. The latter is motivated by the quest to explore the nature of the singularities predicted by the classical theorems. Aiming at the more mathematically minded reader, we give a pedagogical introduction to the classical theorems with an emphasis on the analytical side of the arguments. We especially concentrate on focusing results for causal geodesics under appropriate geometric and initial conditions, in the smooth and in the low regularity case. The latter comprise the main technical advance that leads to the proofs of$C^{1}$C1-singularity theorems via a regularisation approach that allows to deal with the distributional curvature. We close with an overview on related lines of research and a future outlook.
Computational analyses identify addiction help-seeking behaviors on the social networking website Reddit: Insights into online social interactions and addiction support communities
Authors: Valdez Danny , Patterson Megan S. 
Published: November 2022

Introduction
Although social connection to others with lived addiction experiences is a strong predictor of long-term recovery from substance use disorders (SUD), the COVID-19 pandemic greatly altered global abilities to physically connect with other people. Evidence suggests online forums for people with SUD may serve as a sufficient proxy for social connection, however efficacy of online spaces as addiction treatment adjuncts remains empirically understudied.

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyze a collection of Reddit posts germane to addiction and recovery collected between March-August 2022.

Methods
We collected (n = 9,066) Reddit posts (1) r/addiction; (2) r/DecidingToBeBetter, (3) r/SelfImprovement, (4) r/OpitatesRecovery, (5) r/StopSpeeding, (6) r/RedditorsInRecovery, and (7) r/StopSmoking subreddits. We applied several classes of natural language processing (NLP) methods to analyze and visualize our data including term frequency inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) calculations, k-means clustering, and principal components analysis (PCA). We also applied a Valence Aware Dictional and sEntiment [sic] Reasoner (VADER) sentiment analysis to determine affect in our data.

Results
Our analyses revealed three distinct clusters: (1) Personal addiction struggle, or sharing one’s recovery journey (n = 2,520), (2) Giving advice, or offering counseling based on first-hand experiences (n = 3,885), and (3) Seeking advice, or asking for support or advice related to addiction (n = 2,661).

Discussion & conclusion
Addiction, SUD, and recovery dialogue on Reddit is exceedingly robust. Much of the content mirrors tenets for established addiction-recovery programs, which suggests Reddit, and other social networking websites, may serve as efficient tools to promote social connection among people with SUD.
Variation in the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents by world region and country income group: A scoping review
Authors: Gomber Apoorva , Ward Zachary J. , Ross Carlo , Owais Maira , Mita Carol , Yeh Jennifer M. , Reddy Ché L. , Atun Rifat 
Published: November 2022

Introduction
Around 18.7 million of the 537 million people with diabetes worldwide live in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC), where there is also an increase in the number of children, adolescents, and young adults diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D). There are substantial gaps in data in the current understanding of the epidemiological patterns and trends in incidence rates of T1D at the global level.

Methods
We performed a scoping review of published studies that established the incidence of T1D in children, adolescents, and young adults aged 0–25 years at national and sub-national levels using PubMed, Embase and Global Health. Data was analyzed using R programming.

Results
The scoping review identified 237 studies which included T1D incidence estimates from 92 countries, revealing substantial variability in the annual incidence of T1D by age, geographic region, and country-income classification. Highest rates were reported in the 5–9 and 10–14 year age groups than in the 0–4 and 15–19 year age groups, respectively. In the 0–14 year age group, the highest incidence was reported in Northern Europe (23.96 per 100,000), Australia/New Zealand (22.8 per 100,000), and Northern America (18.02 per 100,000), while the lowest was observed in Melanesia, Western Africa, and South America (all < 1 per 100,000). For the 0–19 year age group, the highest incidence was reported in Northern Europe (39.0 per 100,000), Northern America (20.07 per 100,000), and Northern Africa (10.1 per 100,000), while the lowest was observed in Eastern and Western Africa (< 2 per 100,000). Higher incidence rates were observed in high-income countries compared to LMICs. There was a paucity of published studies focusing on determining the incidence of T1D in LMICs.

Conclusion
The review reveals substantial variability in incidence rates of T1D by geographic region, country income group, and age. There is a dearth of information on T1D in LMICs, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where incidence remains largely unknown. Investment in population-based registries and longitudinal cohort studies could help improve the current understanding of the epidemiological trends and help inform health policy, resource allocation, and targeted interventions to enhance access to effective, efficient, equitable, and responsive healthcare services.
The impact of work interference with family on depressive symptoms among married working women: A longitudinal panel study
Authors: Yun Il , Jung Yun Hwa , Park Eun-Cheol , Jang Sung-In 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the effects of work interference with family (WIF) on depressive symptoms among married working women.

Methods
Data from 2014‒2018 of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families were used. Only married women living with their husbands and wage workers were included, whereas those diagnosed with depression at the baseline year and those with missing values were excluded. A total of 1,504 individuals were included as the study population. The impact of WIF on depressive symptoms was analyzed using the generalized estimating equation model with a logit link.

Results
After adjusting for all the potential confounding variables, it was found that WIF had an effect on depressive symptoms. Women whose work interfered with their family were 1.58 times more likely to experience depressive symptoms than those who did not experience WIF (95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.30‒1.92). WIF due to irregular working hours had the highest odds ratio for depression (Adjusted odds ratio (OR): 2.01, 95% CI: 1.32‒3.08). Women with WIF were more likely to develop depressive symptoms when they had two or more children (With 2 children, Adjusted OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.31‒2.18; With 3 or more children, Adjusted OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.07–2.49).

Conclusions
Thus, married working women who experienced WIF were found to be at a higher risk of developing depressive symptoms. Therefore, considering how prevailing stereotypes that roles of men and women are separated can harm women’s mental health, policy measures should be implemented to ensure women’s quality of life based on the work-family balance.
Microbial effects of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics after Caesarean section or exposure to antibiotics in the first week of life: A systematic review
Authors: Carpay Nora C. , Kamphorst Kim , de Meij Tim G. J. , Daams Joost G. , Vlieger Arine M. , van Elburg Ruurd M. 
Published: November 2022

Background and aims
Disruption of the developing microbiota by Caesarean birth or early exposure to antibiotics may impact long-term health outcomes, which can potentially be prevented by nutritional supplements. This systematic review aimed to summarise the evidence regarding the effects of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics on the intestinal microbiota composition of term infants born by Caesarean section or exposed to antibiotics in the first week of life.

Methods
A systematic search was performed from inception to August 2022 in Medline and Embase. Two researchers independently performed title and abstract screening (n = 12,230), full-text screening (n = 46) and critical appraisal. We included randomised controlled trials which included term-born infants who were born following Caesarean section or who were exposed to postpartum antibiotics in the first week of life, pre-, pro- or synbiotics were administered <6 weeks after birth and outcome(s) consisted of microbiota analyses.

Results
Twelve randomised controlled trials investigating Caesarean born infants and one randomised controlled trial including infants exposed to antibiotics were included. Group sizes varied from 11 to 230 with 1193 infants in total. Probiotic (n = 7) or synbiotic (n = 3) supplementation significantly increased the abundance of the supplemented bacterial species (of the Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genus), and there was a decrease in Enterobacteriaceae, especially <4 weeks of age. At phylum level, Actinobacteria (two studies), Proteobacteria (one study) and Firmicutes (one study) increased after probiotic supplementation. In three studies on prebiotics, two studies reported a significant increase in Bifidobacteria and one study found a significant increase in Enterobacteriaceae.

Discussion
Prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic supplements seem to restore dysbiosis after Caesarean section towards a microbial signature of vaginally born infants by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria. However, given the variety in study products and study procedures, it is yet too early to advocate specific products in clinical settings.
Voices of Sorrow and Joy
Authors: Williamson Fa Stefan 
Published: November 2022

The Family of the Prophet Muhammad holds a central position in Shiʿi Muslim religiosity. As immaterial beings able to intercede in this world, they are said to be witnessing and co-present in the lives of Muslims. Anthropology has neglected relations with immaterial more-than-human beings like these. Instead of regarding them merely as symbols or moral exemplars, this essay focuses on the cultivation of relations of intimacy with them through the devotional practice of vocal recitation. In eastern Turkey, gatherings of celebration and mourning are held throughout the year to commemorate the earthly deaths and birthdays of these figures. The climax of such occasions is marked by the recitation of various genres of lament or praise. This essay uses audio examples and focuses on these recitations to demonstrate how their vocal and discursive features offer ways for Muslims to cultivate love and intimacy to live life alongside these immaterial more-than-human beings.

ÖZET

Hazreti Muhammed’in ailesi (Ehl-i Beyt), Şii mezhebi inancında merkezi bir konuma sahiptir. Bu dünyada şefaat edebilecek gayri maddi varlıklar olarak, Müslümanların hayatlarına tanık oldukları ve onlarla birlikte bulundukları söylenir. Ne yazık ki antropolojide, bu gibi gayri maddi ve insan-ötesi varlıklarla ilişkiler ihmal edilmektedir. Bu makale, insan-ötesi varlıkları sadece birer simge veya ahlâki model olarak görmek yerine, onlarla ilahi ve mersiye okumanın aracılığıyla kurulan yakınlık ilişkilerine odaklanmaktadır. Türkiye’nin Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde, Ehl-i Beyt İmamların şehadet ve doğum günlerini anmak için yıl boyunca kutlama ve eza meclisleri düzenlenmektedir. Bu tarz merasimlerin zirvesi ise çeşitli ağıt veya ilahi türlerinin okunmasıyla gerçekleşir. Bu makalede sesli örnekler kullanılmaktadır ve kayıtlara odaklanılmıştır. Bunların yanı sıra mersiyelerin ses ve söylemsel özelliklerinin, Müslümanların Ehl-i Beytin yanında yaşamak, onlarla sevgi ve yakınlık ilişkileri geliştirmek için ne tarz yollar açtığı tartışılmaktadır.
IMPLEMENTASI COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE PENGELOLAAN TAMAN WISATA ALAM (TWA) GUNUNG BATUR BUKIT PAYANG KINTAMANI BANGLI
Authors: Richo Tude , Widhiasthini Wayan 
Published: November 2022

Collaborative governance merupakan kolaborasi dengan mengatur seuatu keputusan dalam proses kebijakan yang dilakukan oleh lembaga publik dalam kebersamaan, kerja sama, berbagi tugas, dan tanggung jawab dimana pihak yang berkolaborasi memiliki tujuan yang sama, kesamaan persepsi, kemauan untuk berproses, saling memberikan manfaat, kejujuran, kasih sayang serta berbasis masyarakat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran pemerintah dalam pengelolaan Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Batur Bukit Payang Kintamani Bangli dalam persepektif collaborative governance, untuk mengetahui inisiatif pihak swasta dalam pengelolaan Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Batur Bukit Payang Kintamani Bangli dan untuk mengetahui keikut sertaan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Batur Bukit Payang Kintamani Bangli. Penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa peran pemerintah dalam pengelolaan Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Batur Bukit Payang telah memberikan ruang tertentu kepada swasta dan masyarakat, Inisiatif pihak swasta dalam pengelolaan Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Batur Bukit Payang adalah menjalin kemitraan dengan pemerintah untuk meningkatkan daya tarik pengunjung ke kawasan Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Batur Bukit Payang dan keikut sertaan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Batur Bukit Payang dengan di berikannya ruan-ruang bagi masyarakat untuk membetuk kelompok masyarakat dalam pengelolaan.Kata kunci: Collaborative, Pemerintah, Swasta, Masyarakat.
Social media, social unfreedom
Authors: Magalhães João C. , Yu Jun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This essay addresses the moral nature of corporate social media platforms through the lenses of Axel Honneth’s concept of justice, according to which relations of mutual recognition must be institutionalized into spheres of social freedom to claim a just society. This perspective allows us to observe how platforms configure a symmetrically inverted form of ethical sphere, in which users are led to formulate non-autonomous desires that can only be realized socially. We characterize this as social unfreedom. A just platform ought to be the one in which rights and self-legislation capabilities enable users to have a stake in governing how these digital spaces can be designed to foster the practical realization of users’ autonomous aims, the essay argues.
Bad things can happen: are medical students aware of patient centered care and safety?
Authors: Gillissen Adrian , Kochanek Tonja , Zupanic Michaela , Ehlers Jan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Quality and safety in healthcare are of the utmost importance, but little is known about whether undergraduate students are aware of patient safety concepts. The objectives of our study were to assess the perception of medical students of challenges in patient safety, and collect their perceptions of error management and prevention.

Methods
This study used an exploratory mixed method strategy. The first study phase collected data from semi-structured interviews of 28 students. Based on this, an online survey was constructed and sent to about 80,000 medical students in Germany. 1053 replies were received and analyzed for responses based on gender, curriculum type (problem based [PBC] vs. science based curriculum [SBC]) and years of training.

Results
Most students understand the importance of patient safety, error avoidance, and the challenges of patient safety interventions. Four themes were identified: (a) the culture of patient safety (what is a good doctor? Doctors’ responsibility), (b) the working environment (the inevitability of mistakes, high work load, hierarchy, competition, teamwork), (c) the challenges of risk reduction (error avoidance, management, skills), and (d) materialistic issue (income vs. humanistic values). Female students were more risk aware than male students. Sixteen percent of students expect negative effects (e.g. punishment) when medical errors were disclosed in a team. Regardless, >70% regard teamwork as an effective error avoidance measure. Error disclosure willingness was high (89.7%).

Conclusions
Although not formally part of the curriculum, students had a positive perspective concerning patient safety. The opportunities and challenges for incorporating patient safety content into the training curriculum were identified and presented.
Es war einmal ein Virus?
Authors: Schneider Ingo 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungSeit den ersten bekannt gewordenen Fällen von SARS CoV-2 verbreitete sich das Virus wellenförmig über die ganze Welt. Mit ihm ging auch eine Flut von Erzählungen unterschiedlicher Art viral. Der Beitrag beabsichtigt nicht, einen Überblick über dieses mittlerweile schwer zu überblickende Material zu geben; er versucht stattdessen, das Potential einer sich als kritische Gesellschaftsanalyse verstehenden Erzählforschung in der Auseinandersetzung mit der Pandemie vorzuführen. Dazu werden zunächst die gesellschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen und mit ihnen verknüpften Diskurse in den Blick genommen. Von da aus frage ich nach unterschiedlich gelagerten Erzählkomplexen, die diesen Rahmenbedingungen und Diskursen entwachsen. Drei davon werden exemplarisch näher betrachtet: Erzählungen können erstens als Ausdruck kollektiver Vorurteile oder Ventil diffuser Ängste gelesen werden; sie können zweitens symbolischer Ausdruck von Spaltungstendenzen innerhalb einer Gesellschaft sein, oder aber drittens machtvolle Instrumente von Großmachtinteressen. Alle drei Ebenen spielen letztlich ineinander bzw. treffen auf der Ebene des alltäglichen Erzählens aufeinander. Wir haben es hier mit einem komplexen, wechselseitigen Beziehungsgefüge zwischen einem Krankheitserreger, den darüber kursierenden Erzählungen und der mit beiden konfrontierten Gesellschaft zu tun.