bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Song of Songs 1:1—Text and Paratext
Authors: Chavel Simeon 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The argument draws upon literary theory to revisit the two clauses that, traditionally, make up Song 1:1. (1) The title evaluates the work as the song-most of songs. I argue that the evaluation refers to the work’s manifold form of simulation—a literary work representing the speech of a dreamer, who speaks from both inside and outside the dream. (2) The scoring in MT, the rubric in LXX (Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus), ancient interpreters and modern all take the first words of the Song of Songs to be a heading, comprising title (שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים) and attribution (אֲשֶׁר לִשְׁלֹמֹה). I argue that the clause marked and understood as an attribution may be the beginning of the character’s speech.
Towards a Philosophy of Crisis
Authors: de Beistegui Miguel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Thirty years ago, Fukuyama announced the end of history in the form of the triumph of liberal democracy and free markets. Crises were going to be something of the past. Today, crises abound. Does this mean that the eschatology of the 1980s and 90s should give way to a crisology? Given the many ways in which the vocabulary of crisis is used, and crises are instrumentalized, can the word crisis become a rigorous philosophical concept? In this essay, I analyze the extent to which, and contexts in which, philosophy has claimed crisis as a central concept (section 2); offer a tentative typology of crisis in relation to the problem of normativity (section 3); conclude with a few remarks on critique as the philosophy of crisis (section 4).
Toward the Vanishing of the “Human”: Animal Becoming and Elemental Architecture
Authors: Rivera Omar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
By putting forward the notions of “eco-sensibilities” and “eco-permeable relationalities,” this paper explores a non-instrumentalizing mode of relation with the “non-human.” On this basis, it shows the possibility of affectively disempowering the hold of “ecological indifference” as Nancy Tuana describes it. It focuses on “animal becoming” and “elemental architecture” as “eco-sensibilities” that effect such a disempowerment.
Pseudo-coordination and serial verbs in Hellenistic Greek?
Authors: Logozzo Felicia , Tronci Liana 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with Biblical Greek multiverb constructions in which two verbs, inflected in the same mood, person and number, are either coordinated by καί or asyndetically juxtaposed and relate to a single event. The first verb is semantically constrained (verb of motion), and does not govern any complement. In typological studies, these constructions are known as pseudo-coordinated and serialised constructions, depending on the presence of the coordinator or not. We suggest here a unified view of the two patterns, called Pseudo-Coordinated Constructions (PCC s) lato sensu. Data for this research were collected from the Septuagint and the New Testament, which, despite the several differences concerning the times of composition and the type of text, are both characterised by a conspicuous number of PCC s. It was found that serialisation occurred exclusively with imperatives, which is in line with some serialised occurrences of motion verbs in previous stages of Greek, as well as with typological evidence. Conversely, pseudo-coordination occurred with both imperatives and other moods; in the latter case, and especially with past indicatives in narrative contexts, it is not easily distinguishable from plain coordination. Two results emerge from our analysis. First, the greater incidence of PCC s in the Septuagint than in the New Testament can be explained as a direct influence of Biblical Hebrew. Second, the data of the New Testament appear to be relevant for Greek diachrony since the verb ὑπάγω ‘go’, which behaves as the unmarked verb in the PCC s of the New Testament, developed into Modern Greek πηγαίνω ‘go’, which occurs in both serialised and pseudo-coordinated constructions.
“The Ottoman Revolution of 1661”: The Reconfiguration of Political Power under Mehmed IV and Köprülü Grand Viziers
Authors: Bekar Cumhur 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article examines the rise of the Köprülü grand viziers and their relationship with Sultan Mehmed IV (r. 1648–1687) within the context of broader developments in early modern Europe. It challenges the prevailing view that Mehmed IV was a weak Sultan, arguing that at a time of profound crisis the Sultan succeeded in creating a new political system, which simultaneously restored the authority of the Sultan whilst bolstering that of the Grand Vizier. It explores the various ways in which this system was established, from relocation of the dynastic seat to changes in recruitment networks. The reconfiguration of political power under Mehmed IV and the Köprülü viziers is approached through the lens of royal-favorite relationships in seventeenth-century Europe. Although there was no European equivalent of a number of elements in the Ottoman system, such as a harem-based court or the Grand Vizierate, we can nevertheless apply key concepts and debates gleaned from early modern Western and Central Europe – such as the politics of access and intimacy, the place of favorites, and the delegation of royal power – to enrich our understanding of the early modern Ottoman experience.
Survivals: The Stakes of Religious Literacy
Authors: Morgenstein Fuerst Ilyse R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Johannes Wolfart makes a compelling case that the nebulousness of “religious literacy” belies a complicated history not just of “religion” but of “literacy” in his recent article, “‘Religious Literacy’: Some Considerations and Reservations,” in Method & Theory in the Study of Religion. Wolfart has reservations about religious literacy, its instrumentalization, and specifically the lack of empirical evidence that would support programs that promote religious literacy. He is concerned that “religion,” “literacy,” and of course “religious literacy” are imbricated in theological projects, whether alive or long dead; ultimately, we might characterize his position as deeply concerned with religious literacy as a liberal Protestant project. In this response essay, I suggest that reducing religious literacy to Protestant liberalism prioritizes thought experiments over the survival of minoritized people and communities. It is clear that religious literacy is a framework deployed not for lofty goals of social betterment or a vague sense of liberation, but for survival: survival of academic programs and departments, survival of a body politic, and often the survival of individuals and groups who are targets of hate.
Reflections on Wolfart, Challenges to Religious Literacy, and Course Design
Authors: Gallagher Eugene V. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Despite its recent prominence as a rationale for the academic study of religion, Professor Wolfart shows both that “religious literacy” has been poorly defined and that little evidence has been adduced for its positive effects. Yet the institutional and social pressures that have led some to embrace religious literacy as a positive argument for the academic study of religion persist, and the essay offers no alternative conception of the broad goals towards which collegiate education about religion should be directed. It is worth considering, therefore, whether some of the flaws with religious literacy as an educational approach might be remedied. In particular, this response proposes that the yawning gap between the abstract goal and the fact that in the U.S. most undergraduates will take only a single course in the study poses a challenge of course design. Carefully designing courses for religious literacy might diminish the imprecision in the concept and provide more tangible evidence of what religiously literate students might be able to do.
The World Health Organization, International Health Regulations and Human Rights Law
Authors: Forman Lisa , Sekalala Sharifah , Meier Benjamin Mason 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article examines the influence of human rights law on infectious disease control through the World Health Organization (who) International Health Regulations (‘IHR’). The who’s evolving work to mainstream human rights in global health governance strongly influenced the 2005 revision of the ihr, framing a new balance between health and human rights in public health emergencies. The 2005 ihr make respect for human rights a central principle and integrate human rights standards in explicit and implicit ways. Yet these reforms also fail to reflect economic, social and cultural rights, inadequately connect to the UN human rights system, and leave unresolved significant legal issues with major impacts on human rights. These weaknesses have been exposed by the covid-19 pandemic, as national pandemic responses have tested who’s authority under the ihr and disproportionately and unjustifiably restricted a range of human rights. Resolving these gaps will require both normative and institutional reforms that bring together human rights and global health governance, including through broader rights-based partnerships amongst international organizations.
Strengthening the Monitoring of States’ Compliance with the International Health Regulations
Authors: Villarreal Pedro A. , Habibi Roojin , Taylor Allyn 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The current article aims to undertake a retrospective and a prospective analysis of compliance monitoring under the International Health Regulations of 2005 (ihr (2005)). First, different theoretical understandings of compliance are discussed. The study then focuses on a ‘triad’ of obligations under the ihr (2005): 1) to timely and effectively notify the World Health Organization (who) of events that may constitute public health emergencies of international concern (Article 6 ihr); 2) to notify and justify additional health measures restricting international travel and trade in response to events elsewhere (Article 43 ihr); and, 3) to build minimum core capacities required to conduct pandemic surveillance and response activities (Article 5 ihr). The retrospective analysis revisits the fate of past and current mechanisms of compliance monitoring under the ihr (2005). Lastly, a prospective formulation builds upon the elements of the retrospective analysis, sketching a possible way forward for monitoring of compliance with the ihr (2005).
Lexical Notes on the Khotanese Piṇḍaśāstra
Authors: Luzzietti Silvia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The single Chinese scroll comprised of manuscripts P 2893 (Paris) and Ch. 00265 (London) contains the Late Khotanese āyurvedic text conventionally titled Piṇḍaśāstra and so far unidentified in other languages. As a contribution to the interpretation of the text and to the knowledge of Khotanese medical terminology, the article offers two etymologies and reinterprets two ghostwords paying close attention to the contexts where they occur: (1) dūvara- ‘watery abdominal swelling, dropsy’ is a loanword from Gāndhārī *dag̱odara- < Old Indian dakodara- and, like Tibetan dmu rdzing, translates the Sanskrit general term udara- ‘abdominal swelling’; (2) the accusative plural pīrą̄nā and genitive plural pīrą̄nāṃ are from pirānaa- ‘worm grains’, a compound of pära- ‘worm’ and -ānaa- < Iranian *dāna-ka- ‘(single) grain, seed’, referring to the proglottids of tapeworms in excrement; (3) āvaṃjsä is not a hapax meaning ‘compact’ (Bailey) but should be read ā-v-aṃ jsä ‘or with them’; (4) bu’jsai is not a hapax meaning ‘fiery’ (Bailey) but the regular outcome of the Old Khotanese nominative plural buljse from buljsaā- ‘virtue’.
Breath and the Brahmacārin
Authors: Leach Robert 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper I offer a solution to the meaning of the word triṣaptā́ḥ found at the beginning of the Atharvaveda (Śaunaka-Saṁhitā 1.1.1 ~ Paippalāda-Saṁhitā 1.6.1). After a discussion of the many previous attempts to understand the meaning of this term in this particular verse, I propose that triṣaptā́ḥ refers here to ‘three times seven’ breaths, that the speaker of the verse in question is a Brahmacārin, and that the sūkta as a whole is intended to be recited by this figure at his initiation. With these pieces of the puzzle in place, I argue, the remainder of the sūkta, including for instance the role of Vācaspati, is also much better understood.
The Russian Approach to the Permissibility of Examining Jurors in the Light of Foreign Law: Reflecting on the Arguments of the Russian Constitutional Court
Authors: Chirninov Aldar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article examines the landmark Aliev case decided by the Russian Constitutional Court in 2020. In this case, the Constitutional Court was expected to determine whether jurors must be prohibited from testifying about the outside influence they were subjected to during deliberation. The paper discusses what is right and wrong with the Constitutional Court’s judgment and assesses the quality of its argumentation. The paper explores how the Constitutional Court’s approach compares and contrasts with other countries’ approaches and briefly outlines the structure of legislative reforms that need to be undertaken in Russia in the light of foreign experience. Overall, the author concludes that the integrity of jurors in Russia should be protected not by enabling jurors to testify at their discretion but by strengthening their legal immunity, which will strike an optimal balance between competing constitutional values.
Polarisation versus Convergence: Senior Female Diplomats’ Views on Feminism, Religion and Women’s Rights in US Foreign Policy
Authors: Bashevkin Sylvia 
Published: July 2022

Summary
This article is among the first to probe the views of seven women who held foreign policy cabinet positions in Democratic and Republican administrations in the United States between 1981 and 2018. Grounded in debates over a polarising ‘culture war’ versus converging social attitudes, the study uses autobiographical sources to gauge cross-party differences over time in leaders’ understandings of feminism and anti-feminism, levels of secularism and religious orthodoxy, and views of women’s rights in foreign policy. The study also examines questions of intersectionality, notably whether appointees from racial minority backgrounds expressed distinctively transformative views about inequality and discrimination. The findings confirm left/right polarisation arguments with respect to attitudes towards women’s movements but show that nominees, regardless of party or racial background, were deeply committed to liberal individualism. The conclusion discusses the implications of these results and proposes directions for further research.
Chinese Documentary Source Materials Relating to World War ii
Authors: Moore Aaron William 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
While access to library and archival collections in mainland China remains unclear due to the ongoing covid-19 pandemic and increasing government scrutiny, past experiences in Chinese archives are still relevant for scholars going forward, in the event that the People’s Republic of China reopens the doors to these collections. In surveying the digital, print publication, and manuscript collections pertaining to the Chinese history of World War ii, this article shows how access to new kinds of sources redefined the pre-pandemic state of the field. In particular, curated volumes that emphasized perspectives from the Chinese Communist Party and leftist intellectuals gradually have given way to a more representative collection of the documentary evidence, and Taiwanese collections continue to be important to the historiography. The article begins with coverage of well-known guides and published catalogues of mainland and Taiwanese collections. It then covers some military documents that Chinese scholars occasionally have referenced. It emphasizes the richness of accessible material on the social and cultural history of the war era as part of a call to colleagues and future students to expand the scope of what is traditionally thought to be “military history.” There is ample opportunity for major interventions into our understanding of wartime China, which shaped the course of modern history overall, and major innovations in historiography that scholars usually make from the dusty reading rooms of the libraries and archives.
The EU Migration Pact and Action Plan on Integration and Inclusion
Authors: Berry Stephanie E. , Taban Isilay 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The European Commission, following the adoption of the New Pact on Migration and Asylum, has released the Action Plan on Integration and Inclusion 2021–2027 (hereinafter “The Action Plan”). The Action Plan outlines recommendations that aim to foster integrated and cohesive societies. However, this article argues that the understanding of integration advanced by the Action Plan has the potential to be counterproductive. Utilizing the expertise of minority rights bodies in the field of diversity management, this article scrutinizes the Action Plan’s approach, highlighting that it suffers from several distinct flaws. Specifically, the Action Plan is underpinned by a narrative that securitizes both Islam and migration; conflates integration with assimilation; and adopts a thin understanding of integration and intercultural dialogue. Moving forward, the EU should take heed of the work of minority rights bodies to develop a comprehensive integration strategy.
Policing Blackness in Europe
Authors: Thompson Vanessa E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Last year’s global black uprisings which followed the killing of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and Tony McDade sparked the largest anti-racist movement in the midst of a global pandemic, not only in the US but also in various other parts of the global African diaspora. In Europe, thousands of people protested and mobilized for black lives and against racist policing. The protests demonstrated that racist policing is not limited to the US. Quite the contrary, protesters and vulnerable communities were emphasizing that policing unfolds as a violent and murderous condition in their various respective contexts, too. Engaging with the geographies of policing in three countries in continental Europe, namely Germany, France and Switzerland, and by drawing on ethnographic research on policing blackness and activist interventions in these three contexts, this article discusses modalities of policing blackness in continental Europe and shows that the recent mobilizations for black lives have a history in these respective contexts too. Interventions and forms of resistances put forward by anti-racist initiatives are also discussed.
The Making of Borders and Minorities
Authors: Kühl Jørgen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Peace Treaties of Versailles and Saint German of 1919 provided for a number of plebiscites to be held to determine Germany’s borders with Denmark, Poland and France and Austria’s borders with the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (eventually Yugoslavia). Plebiscites under international supervision were held in Schleswig (1920), Upper Silesia (1920), Allenstein and Marienwerder (1920), Carinthia/Kärnten (1920), and the Saar region (1935). A public consultation was made in the case of the districts of Eupen and Malmedy as well in 1920 regarding the border between Belgium and Germany. Although most of Western Hungary was awarded to Austria in 1919, Hungarian insurrection eventually led to a plebiscite in the Sopron/Ödenburg region as well in 1921. Three of these borders based on self-determination through referenda (Schleswig, Burgenland and Carinthia) still exist. This contribution presents the plebiscites and shows the creation of minorities and the impact of the minority situations. It offers a comparative analysis of history’s impact on contemporary minority-majority relations in the new border regions.
Securitization of Minorities under Covid-19
Authors: Carlà Andrea , Djolai Marika 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has become the fifth documented one in the 100 years since the 1918 flu pandemic. Its disproportionate impact was quickly recognised, showing how it aggravated long-standing systemic health and social inequities and placed racial and ethnic minority groups at increased risk of getting sick and dying. Securitized state responses and disproportionate employment of police and army to ‘combat the virus’ only amplified the pandemic outcomes. This article aims to investigate these securitized responses towards citizens and, more specifically, securitization of minority communities in the name of the pandemic, as one of the most challenging aspects of the societal shifts under Covid-19. We also offer comparative historical perspective of securitization of minorities during the past pandemics, showing that discourses and practices witnessed under the present Covid-19 pandemic are not new, and neither are the actors. This article makes theoretical contributions to understanding securitization, particularly by showing that Copenhagen and Paris Schools are not methodologically incompatible, and to the field of minority studies.
Self-Rule and Covid-19 Times
Authors: Grau-Creus Mireia , Garcia-Muniesa Jordi , Errasti Ander 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Initially the most common response to the Covid-19 crisis was the concentration of powers on executives and, in some compound systems, this concentration of powers also involved the centralization of powers on national/federal governments. Both the concentration of powers and its centralization have encroached the principle of self-government by dismantling it temporarily. The ease in which self-government was dismantled in some countries raises concerns on its solidness and on the actual capacity of some institutional systems to provide, by means of self-government, the accommodation and recognition of plurinationalism and diversity. In this chapter we examine the governmental reaction to the Covid-19 crisis in relation to self-government in five European plurinational countries: Switzerland, Belgium, the United Kingdom, Italy and Spain.
Qatar 2022, fifa and the Speedy Protection of Intellectual Property Rights: A Commentary
Authors: Abou El Farag Mohamed Salem , Al-Muraikhi Shaikha Jaber S.H. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In 2010, Qatar won the bid to host the 2022 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (hereinafter “fifa”) World Cup. As one of the world’s biggest sporting tournament is about to start, final preparations are being made to ensure a successful fiesta. These preparations include the legal protection of the intellectual property rights of fifa, its sponsors and affiliates. To this end, Qatar recently passed Law No. 11 of 2021, a new law on the protection of fifa trademarks and copyright. This paper is a short commentary on the provisions of the law. It discusses the processes of registering fifa trademarks, copyrights, and related rights in addition to the protection accorded to them.
Thematic Roles in Image Schemas: A Missing Link Between Mind and Language
Authors: Szwedek Aleksander 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
As early as 1968, Fillmore suggested that deep cases could be sets “of universal, presumably innate, concepts” human beings form to describe reality. Langacker’s (1991) role archetypes highlight the “primal status and nonlinguistic origin” of Thematic roles. I argue that Thematic roles have their “nonlinguistic” origin in image schemas and link the image schemas with language structures. The thesis is based on my description of the object schema (Szwedek, 2018), the definition of the image schema (Szwedek, 2019), and major works on Thematic roles. The object schema is fundamental in that all physical objects are experienceable by the senses (Szwedek, 2011, 2018). In contrast to relational schemas, it is also conceptually independent, while “[r]elations are conceptually dependent, i.e. one cannot conceptualize interconnections without conceptualizing the entities they interconnect” (Langacker, 1987). I posit that Thematic roles are a link between image schemas (mind) and language, constituting a stable scaffolding for various syntactic structures.