bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terminological hybridity in institutional legal translation
Authors: Prieto Ramos Fernando , Cerutti Giorgina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe analysis of domain-specific terminology is essential for characterizing specialized discourses, and emerges as a useful means of measuring the thematic hybridity of law and legal translation in particular. This paper accordingly presents a large-scale mapping of terminological and phraseological features in a multi-genre corpus that was built as part of the LETRINT project on institutional legal translation. The corpus-driven analysis focuses on the density of legal terminology and phraseology, on the one hand, and that of terminology of other specialized domains, on the other, in nine genres that are considered representative of three central legal functions (law-making, compliance monitoring and adjudication) in three international settings (the European Union, the United Nations and the World Trade Organization). The comparative examination of density scores provides empirical evidence of the common core features of the selected genres, and reveals variations based on institutional thematic focus, primary legal function and genre specificities. These insights nuance our understanding of international legal discourses and domain specialization in institutional translation.
Multi-head self-attention bidirectional gated recurrent unit for end-to-end remaining useful life prediction of mechanical equipment
Authors: Che Changchang , Wang Huawei , Ni Xiaomei , Xiong Minglan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In order to reduce error accumulation caused by multistep modeling and achieve a generally accurate model, this paper proposes an end-to-end remaining useful life (RUL) prediction model based on a multi-head self-attention bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU). Taking multivariable samples with long time series as the model input and multistep RUL values as the model output, the BiGRU model is constructed for continuous prediction of RUL. In addition, single-head self-attention models are applied for time series and variables of samples before or after the BiGRU, which can be fused into a multi-head attention BiGRU. Aeroengines and rolling bearings are selected to testify the effectiveness of the proposed method from the system level and component level respectively. The results show that the proposed method can achieve end-to-end RUL prediction efficiently and accurately. Compared with single-head models and individual deep learning models, the prediction mean square error of the proposed method is reduced by 20%–70%.
Energy transfer and coherence in coupled oscillators with delayed coupling: a classical picture of two-level systems
Authors: Alharbi Fahhad H , Abdelrahman Abdelrahman S , Alkathiry Abdullah M , Al-Qahtani Hussain M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Frimmer-Novotny model to simulate two-level systems by coupled oscillators is extended by incorporating a constant time delay in the coupling. The effects of the introduced delay on system dynamics and two-level modeling are then investigated and found substantial. Mathematically, introducing a delay converts the dynamical system from a finite one into an infinite-dimensional system. The resulted system of delay differential equations is solved using the Krylov method with Chebyshev interpolation and post-processing refinement. The calculations and analyses reveal the critical role that a delay can play. It has oscillatory effects as the main dynamical eigenmodes move around a circle with a radius proportional to the coupling strength and an angle linear with the delay. This alteration governs the energy transfer dynamics and coherence. Accordingly, both, the delay and the coupling strength dictate the stability of the system. The delay is the main related parameter as for certain intervals of it, the system remains stable regardless of the coupling. A significant effect occurs when one of the main modes crosses the imaginary axis, where it becomes pure imaginary and dampingless. Thus, the two states energies can live and be exchanged for an extremely long time. Furthermore, it is found that the delay alters both the splitting and the linewidth in a way further influencing the energy transfer and coherence. It is found also that the delay should not be large to have significant effect. For example, for an optical system with 500 nm wavelength, the critical delay can be in tens of attoseconds.
Measurement of atmospheric muon angular distribution using a portable setup of liquid scintillator bars
Authors: Sogarwal Hariom , Shukla Prashant 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Measurements of cosmogenic particles at various locations and altitudes are
becoming increasingly important in view of worldwide interests in rare signals for search of new
physics.
In this work, we report measurement of muon zenith angle distributions and
vertical
flux using a portable setup of four one-meter long liquid scintillator bars.
Each scintillator bar is read out from both sides via photomultiplier tubes followed
by an 8-channel Digitizer. We exploit energy deposition and excellent timing of scintillators to construct two
dimensional tracks and hence angles of charged particles. We use liquid scintillators since they
have an added advantage of pulse shape discrimination (PSD) which can be used for detecting
muon induced particles.
The energy deposition, time window of event and PSD cuts are used to reduce the random as well as
correlated backgrounds. In addition, we propose three track quality parameters which are applied
to obtain a clean muon spectrum.
The zenith angle measurement is performed upto 60°.
With our improved analysis, we demonstrate that a setup of 3 bars can also be
used for quicker and precise measurements.
The vertical muon flux measured is 66.70 ± 0.36 ± 1.50 /m2/sr/s with n = 2.10 ± 0.05 ± 0.25
in cos
n

θ at the location of Mumbai, India (19°N, 72.9°E) at Sea
level with a muon momentum above 255 MeV/c.
The muon flux has dependence on various factors, the most prominents are latitudes, altitudes
and momentum cut of muon so that portable setup like this can be a boon for such
measurements at various locations.
Silicon optrode array with monolithically integrated SU-8 waveguide and single LED light source
Authors: Ryu Daeho , Lee Youjin , Lee Yongseung , Lee Yena , Hwang Seoyoung , Kim Yong-Kweon , Jun Sang Beom , Lee Hyang Woon , Ji Chang-Hyeon 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective. This paper presents a conventional light emitting diode (LED) and polymer waveguide coupled silicon optrode array. Approach. Unique lens design at the waveguide inlet enables a high light coupling efficiency with a single LED light source, and provides small power consumption compatible with a wireless optogenetic neuromodulation system. To increase the light intensity at the waveguide tip, a lensed waveguide is fabricated with epoxy-based photoresist SU-8, which has a plano-convex lens shape at the waveguide inlet to focus the light in the horizontal direction. In addition, a cylindrical lens is assembled in front of the waveguide inlet to focus the source light in the vertical direction. Main results. The glass cylindrical lens and SU-8 plano-convex lens increased the light coupling efficiency by 6.7 dB and 6.6 dB, respectively. The fabricated 1 × 4 array of optrodes is assembled with a single LED with 465 nm wavelength, which produces a light intensity of approximately 2.7 mW mm−2 at the SU-8 waveguide outlet when 50 mA input current is applied to the LED. Each optrode has four recording electrodes at the SU-8 waveguide outlet. The average impedance of the iridium oxide (IrO
x
) electroplated recording electrodes is 43.6 kΩ. Significance. In-vivo experiment at the hippocampus region CA1 and CA2 demonstrated the capability of optical stimulation and neural signal recording through the LED and SU-8 waveguide coupled silicon optrode array.
A 4-channel front-end electronics for muon drift tubes detectors in 65 nm CMOS technology
Authors: Shah S.A.A. , De Matteis M. , Fras M. , Kortner O. , Kroha H. , Richter R. , Baschirotto A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A 4-channel front-end electronics chip in 65 nm CMOS technology (ASD65 nm) for muon drift tube chambers at high background counting rates in the ATLAS detector at High-Luminosity LHC and in future high-energy collider experiments is presented. Each channel of the ASD65 nm chip is a mixed-signal processing circuit consisting of a Charge Sensitive Preamplifier (CSP), a two-stage shaper, and a timing discriminator. The CSP exhibits a peaking time of 11 ns and a sensitivity of 1.1 mV/fC. The peaking time of the full analog chain is 14.6 ns. The minimum signal-to-noise ratio of the channel is 15 dB for the minimum input charge of 5 fC, and it rises to 40.5 dB for the maximum input charge of 100 fC. At the output, the time representation of input signal is provided in both, CMOS level as well as low-voltage-differential-signal. Each channel consumes a current of 10.6 mA from a single 1.2 V supply, and occupies an area of 0.235 mm2. The specified performance parameters of the ASD65 nm have been achieved for 60 pF parasitic capacitance of the detector connected the input terminal.
A novel nuclear emulsion detector for measurement of quantum states of ultracold neutrons in the Earth's gravitational field
Authors: Muto N. , Abele H. , Ariga T. , Bosina J. , Hino M. , Hirota K. , Ichikawa G. , Jenke T. , Kawahara H. , Kawasaki S. , Kitaguchi M. , Micko J. , Mishima K. , Naganawa N. , Nakamura M. , Roccia S. , Sato O. , Sedmik R.I.P. , Seki Y. , Shimizu H.M. , Tada S. , Umemoto A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Hypothetical short-range interactions could be detected by measuring the wavefunctions of gravitationally bound ultracold neutrons (UCNs) on a mirror in the Earth's gravitational field.
Searches for them with higher sensitivity require detectors with higher spatial resolution.
We developed and have been improving an UCN detector with a high spatial resolution, which consists of a Si substrate, a thin converter layer including ^10B_4C, and a layer of fine-grained nuclear emulsion.
Its resolution was estimated to be less than 100 nm by fitting tracks of either ^7Li nuclei or α-particles, which were created when neutrons interacted with the ^10B_4C layer.
For actual measurements of the spatial distributions, the following two improvements were made.
The first improvement was to establish a method to align microscopic images with high accuracy within a wide region of 65 mm × 0.2 mm.
We created reference marks of 1 μm and 5 μm diameter with an interval of 50 μm and 500 μm, respectively, on the Si substrate by electron beam lithography and realized a position accuracy of less than 30 nm.
The second improvement was to build a holder for the detector that could maintain the atmospheric pressure around the nuclear emulsion to utilize it under a vacuum during exposure to UCNs.

The intrinsic resolution of the improved detector was estimated to be better than
0.56(8) μm by evaluating the blur of a transmission image of a gadolinium grating taken by cold neutrons.
The evaluation included the precision of the gadolinium grating.
A test exposure was conducted to obtain the spatial distribution of UCNs in the quantized states on a mirror in the Earth's gravitational field.
The distribution was obtained, fitted with the theoretical curve, and turned out to be reasonable for UCNs in quantized states when we considered a blurring of 6.9 μm.
The blurring was well explained as a result of neutron refraction due to the large surface roughness on the upstream side of the Si substrate.
By using a double-side-polished Si substrate, a resolution of less than 0.56 μm is expected to be achieved for UCNs.
Fluid drag reduction by penguin-mimetic laser-ablated riblets with yaw angles
Authors: Saito Ryosuke , Yamasaki Takeshi , Tanaka Hiroto 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The bodies of penguins, which swim underwater to forage, are densely covered with feathers, in which the barbs are oriented in the longitudinal direction. We hypothesize that these barbs act as riblets and reduce friction drag during swimming. Considering various real-world swim conditions, the drag reduction effect is expected to be robust against changes in the flow speed and yaw angle relative to the flow. To test this hypothesis, we created trapezoidal riblets based on the morphology of these barbs and measured the drag of flat plates with these fabricated riblets in a water tunnel. The spacing, width, and height of the barbs were found to be approximately 100, 60, and 30 μm, respectively. This spacing resulted in a nondimensional spacing s
+ of 5.5 for a typical penguin swimming speed of 1.4 m s−1. We fabricated four types of riblets on polyimide films by ultraviolet laser ablation. The first was a small-scale riblet for which the spacing was decreased to 41 μm to simulate the surface flow condition of the usual and slower swim behaviors in our water tunnel. The other three were manufactured to the actual scale of real barbs (spacing of 100 μm) with three different rib ridge widths: 10, 25, and 50 μm. Yaw angles of 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45° were also tested with the actual-scale riblets. The drag reduction rate of the small-scale riblet was maximized to 1.97% by the smallest s
+ of 1.59. For all three actual-scale riblets, increasing the yaw angle from zero to 15° enhanced the drag reduction rate for the full range of s
+ up to 13.5. The narrow-ridge riblet reduced drag at an even higher yaw angle of 45°, but the drag increased with zero yaw angle. Overall, the medium-ridge riblet, which was representative of the barbs, was well-balanced.
Representation of financial markets in macro-economic transition models—a review and suggestions for extensions
Authors: Sanders Mark , Serebriakova Alexandra , Fragkos Panagiotis , Polzin Friedemann , Egli Florian , Steffen Bjarne 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
As the energy transition accelerates and renewable energy technologies become cost-competitive with fossil fuels in many countries, the availability of finance could become a bottleneck. Integrated assessment models (IAMs) and other macro-economic transition (MET) models typically do not feature detailed financial markets and do not sufficiently consider financing barriers and opportunities for the transition to carbon neutrality. While progress has been made in the representation of financial markets in macro-models since the financial crisis of 2008 the focus has been on financial (in)stability of the financial sector, not its ability to finance investment projects in the energy transition. Hence, a crucial gap remains, preventing macro model-based analysis of financing barriers and policy interventions that may accelerate the energy transition. In this article we review how state-of-the-art macro-economic models consider the financial sector. From this review we identify what elements are still missing to adequately model the financial dynamics and challenges for the energy transition specifically. Based on a discussion of relevant parts of the finance literature, we then propose four steps to improve the representation of finance in global IAMs and MET models more generally.
Lacunarity transition in a chaotic dynamical system
Authors: Cucurull Bartomeu , Pradas Marc , Wilkinson Michael 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Experiments investigating particles floating on a randomly stirred fluid show regions of very low density, which are not well understood. We introduce a simplified model for understanding sparsely occupied regions of the phase space of non-autonomous, chaotic dynamical systems, based upon an extension of the skinny bakers’ map. We show how the distribution of the sizes of voids in the phase space can be mapped to the statistics of the running maximum of a Wiener process. We find that the model exhibits a lacunarity transition, which is characterised by regions of the phase space remaining empty as the number of trajectories is increased.
Stakeholders mapping of peatlands restoration in Jambi: A case of Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency
Authors: Suharti Sri , Tata Hesti L , Prameswari Diana 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Peatland restoration needs collaboration among stakeholders. This research aims to study the role of stakeholders who concern on peatland restoration and to map their potential roles to succeed the restoration in Jambi Province. We used triangulation method to collect data and information i.e. in-depth interviews, field observation and Focus Group Discussion. The data were analysed by using descriptive analysis. It was found that in peatland restoration, stakeholders could be mapped into four quadrants “Key Players”, stakeholders with high influence and interest (Environment Office of Jambi Province and Tanjabar Regency, Forestry Office of Jambi Province, Estate Crop Office of Jambi Province, Tanjabar FMU, and NGOs); “Subject”, stakeholders with low influence but high interest (Watershed Management Unit of Batanghari River, Development Planning Agency of Jambi Province, Jambi University, Regional Secretary of Tanjabar Regency, BPHP, Agricultural Extension Institutions, NGOs (Warsi) and Makmur Jaya Joint Farmer Group); “Crowd”, stakeholders having both low influence and interest (The Food Crops Office both at Jambi Province and Tanjabar Regency, Conservation and Natural Reserve Unit, Development Planning Agency of Tanjabar Regency, Public Works and Public Housing Service of Jambi province Agricultural Crops and Horticulture district office and 2 farmer groups. To bridge the differences among stakeholders, strong coordination and cross-sector collaborative management should accommodate all interest and expectation of stakeholders.
Association among Lepironia articulata Cyperaceae, peat soil and people in Wanggate, Mappi, Papua
Authors: Sinaga Nurhaidah I , Lense Obed N , Hendry  , Tukayo Rudolf 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Wanggate is a small village that is surrounded by water like a small island in the wetland area. A creek connecting to a main river is a mean of transportation to reach Mappi or another nearby village. Next to the river, population of grass were living and periodically waterlogged by the river. L. articulate, a species under Cyperaceae family, grows abundantly in small lake or pool that has connection to the river. Dark green color is a sign of L. articulata presence. The grass could reach up to 2 m tall and lives above water. Relationship among people, plants with peat soil has been present since a long time. The research was undertaken to understand more about the association. The nature of this study was descriptive with interviews to obtain ethnobotanical data. Fifty plot-wise sampling technique was used to collect data. The result shows that L. articulata shrub was the habitat of freshwater fishes like nila (Oreochormis niloticus), Channa sp. and shrimps. People has been dependent to fisheries from the lake and grasses for living. They make bags, arm straps, traditional hats, umbrellas, mats, kitchen utensils like baskets and plates, clothes and roofs from L. articulata. Peat soil was found in 31 plots and 28 of those plots were covered by L. articulata. Association index between of L. articulata and peat soil was 0.875 and dominance index of the plant was 0.868. The other plants, Melaleuca cajuputi, were found in 3 plots. The research discovered Paspalum conjugatum, grass-type vegetation, which associated with mineral soil like sago palm (Metroxylon sago).
The potential of peatland fires estimated from physical properties for several land uses
Authors: Junedi Heri , Mahbub Itang Ahmad , Zuhdi M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The construction of drainage channels following the opening of peat ecosystems without proper water management results in rapid decline of water level in peat swamp ecosystems, which potentially causes fires. Peat land fires triggered by intentional or unintentional human negligence and are supported by long dry season. This research aims to examine the potential of peat land fires based on the physical characteristics of peat on the type of use of secondary forest land, shrub land, and oil palm land. The study was conducted on peat ecosystems for one year using survey methods and field observations. The results of study indicate that changes in peat land use from secondary forests to shrubs and oil palm plantations result in changes in some physical characteristics of peat, namely humification level, bulk density, peat thickness, organic matter content, hydraulic conductivity, and soil water content. The depth of the ground water table affects the ground water content. Potential fires occur on oil palm land and on shrub land from July to September, whereas secondary forest land does not have the potential to cause fire. In order to avoid fires in oil palm and shrub land areas, it is necessary to manage water by maintaining the groundwater level above 50 cm.
Litter production and leaf litter decomposition rate in secondary peat swamp forests in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Jaya Adi , Sancho Jonay J , Page Susan , Sjorgensen Sofie , Evans Chris , Purwanto  , Sosilawaty  , Sulistiyanto Yustinus 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Peat swamp forest is an important ecosystem in global climate change through its high carbon content and role as a carbon sink. In peat swamp forest, there is a near-closed cycle of nutrients including carbon. In order to better understand the rate of plant litter production and decomposition, a study was carried out in three secondary peat swamp forests in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Litterfall collection was undertaken using a litter trap with samples collected every month in the first year and every two months thereafter between June 2018 and June 2021. The rate of litter decomposition was assessed by measuring the reduction in dry weight of litter at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. At each of three study sites, two sets of recently fallen litterfall were placed in 25cm x 25cm mesh bags on the peat soil surface to assess decomposition rates under aerobic conditions, and another two sets of litter were placed at a depth of 40 cm to assess decomposition rates under anaerobic conditions. Dry weight of fresh litterfall and decomposed litter samples was determined at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months, and total carbon content was analyzed using the loss of ignition method. The results showed that litterfall production in secondary peat swamp forests was about 9.52 ± 3.57 t ha−1 and it followed a seasonal pattern, with higher production in the dry season. The rate of litter decomposition was exponential and faster under aerobic conditions.