bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring patterns of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic β-diversity variation of Neotropical small mammals in a highly fragmented landscape
Authors: Hannibal Wellington , Leme da Cunha Nicolay 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDiversity can be partitioned in several components and dimensions that are affected in different ways by habitat loss and fragmentation. However, these partitions and dimensions are rarely investigated on human-modified landscapes. In this study, we investigated different partitions (Hill numbers) and dimensions (taxonomic [TβD], functional [FβD] and phylogenetic [PβD]) of small mammal β-diversity in a fragmented landscape of central Brazil using a multi-scale approach. TβD was estimated considering rare, common and abundant species. Tolerance to disturbed habitat, assessed via the traits “habitat use”, “tail length” and “use of vertical strata”, and trophic guild, defined by the “diet”, were used to estimate FβD. PβD was based on phylogenetic relatedness of the sampled species. The association between different partitions and dimensions of β-diversity with habitat and landscape attributes were investigated using Mantel tests. We found a significant positive effect of geographical distance on all partitions and dimensions of β-diversity. NDVI was the second most important variable affecting abundance based TβD, and all phylogenetic and functional β-diversity dimensions. Habitat characteristics, such as fallen logs and canopy cover were positively associated with all β-diversity dimensions. Our findings support the hypothesis that even in a highly modified landscape, small mammal’s β-diversity is determined by different environmental factors and spatial disposition of forest patches. However, the relatively higher importance of space appears to be related to dispersal limitation of this group.
A reductase in the lipid metabolism at cross roads between cuticular wax production and jasmonic acid-mediated defenses in maize
Authors: Liu Jiong , Li Lu , Robert Christelle AM , Li Baozhu , He Shan , Xiong Zhilong , Chen Wenjie , Bi Jiasheng , Zhai Guanqing , Guo Siyi , Zhang Hui , Li Jieping , Zhou Shutang , Zhang Xi , Song Chun-Peng 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTCuticular wax is the first physical layer to protect plants from herbivore infestations. Although wax and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis are the two most studied branches of lipid metabolism, the mechanism how cuticular wax production modulates plant chemical defenses is unclear. Here, we show that the maize (Zea mays)GL8gene, encoding 3-ketoacyl reductase during fatty acid elongation in the biosynthesis of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA), functions as a turning point between wax production and JA-mediated defenses. The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) larvae consumed more tissue but gained a lower performance ongl8/Ye478mutant plants.gl8/Ye478mutant displayed higher JA-mediated defenses constitutively, and also more inducible by herbivore stimulation. The comprehensive transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses further demonstrated that ZmGL8mutation up-regulates the JA biosynthesis pathway by promoting the accumulation of lysophospholipids and modulation of galactolipid synthase genesZmDGDandZmMGD. The phenotypic and transcription comparisons of the maize and Arabidopsis wax-deficient mutants suggest a conserved wide-spread trade-off between wax production and chemical defense in both 18:3 and 16:3 plants. These results illustrate a critical role of VLCFA metabolism as a switch to control the balance between cuticular wax physical barrier and JA-mediated chemical defenses during plant-herbivore coevolution history.
The capacity to configure the hymenophore is not confined to the pore field in Oak mazegill (Daedalea quercina, Polyporales)
Authors: Jensen Bjarke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractConfiguring of the hymenophore of basidiocarps of Polyporales is thought to happen in the pore field immediately behind the basidiocarp margin. Basidiocarp growth is not restricted to the margin, however. Here, the importance of the pore field was assessed from observations on naturally occurring Oak mazegill (Polyporales, Daedalea quercina) basidiocarps and tested by experimental perturbations in natural habitats that were monitored for two years. Oak mazegill was chosen because the formed hymenophore has a unique and stable combination of poroid and lamellate features. Whether the pore field is required for basidiocarp growth was tested in ten basidiocarps in which one side was resected. New growth was observed in six basidiocarps and it occurred equally from the cut hymenophore and the intact pore field. New formation of hymenophore and pileus even occurred in seven out of ten basidiocarps that had the entire pore field resected. Whether the hymenophore is configured permanently, was tested on 54 basidiocarps on ten trunks that were turned upside-down. A new hymenophore grew through the old pileus, often far from the pore field, and its hymenophore configuration was invariably poroid despite the old hymenophore had lamellate features. In 48 experimentally banded basidiocarps, new hymenophore grew in the insertion hole of the band despite this being far from the pore field. The banded basidiocarps grew at an average rate of 5 mm per year. In conclusion, the capacity to configure the hymenophore is not confined to the pore field and it may be broadly present in the basidiocarp.Graphical abstractGraphical abstract. The configuring of the hymenophore of polypore fungi is thought to be driven by the pore field immediately behind the basidiocarp margin. The experiments on Oak mazegill basidiocarps reported here, including the complete resection of the margin and its pore field, do not support this notion. They suggest instead that the capacity to form the hymenophore is broadly present in the basidiocarp.
Relating pathogenic loss-of function mutations in humans to their evolutionary fitness costs
Authors: Agarwal Ipsita , Fuller Zachary L , Myers Simon , Przeworski Molly 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCausal loss-of-function (LOF) variants for Mendelian and severe complex diseases are enriched in “mutation intolerant” genes. We show how such observations can be interpreted in light of a model of mutation-selection balance, and use the model to relate the pathogenic consequences of LOF mutations at present-day to their evolutionary fitness effects. To this end, we first infer posterior distributions for the fitness costs of LOF mutations in 17,322 autosomal and 679 X-linked genes from exome sequences in 56,855 individuals. Estimated fitness costs for the loss of a gene copy are typically above 1%; they tend to be largest for X-linked genes, whether or not they have a Y homolog, followed by autosomal genes and genes in the pseudoautosomal region. We then compare inferred fitness effects for all possible de novo LOF mutations to those of de novo mutations identified in individuals diagnosed with one of six severe, complex diseases or developmental disorders. Probands carry an excess of mutations with estimated fitness effects above 10%; as we show by simulation, such highly deleterious mutations are typically only a couple of generations old when sampled in the population. Moreover, the proportion of highly deleterious mutations carried by probands reflects the typical age of onset of the disease. The study design also has a discernible influence: a greater proportion of highly deleterious mutations is detected in pedigree than case-control studies, and for autism, in simplex than multiplex families and in female versus male probands. Thus, anchoring observations in human genetics to a population genetic model allows us to learn about the fitness effects of mutations identified by different mapping strategies and for different traits.
Organisation of the orthobunyavirus tripodal spike and the structural changes induced by low pH and K+ during entry
Authors: Hover Samantha , Charlton Frank W , Hellert Jan , Barr John N , Mankouri Jamel , Fontana Juan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFollowing internalisation, viruses employ the changing environment of maturing endosomes as cues to promote endosomal escape, a process mediated by viral glycoproteins. Specifically, we previously showed that both high [K+] and low pH promote entry of Bunyamwera virus (BUNV), the prototypical bunyavirus. Here, we used sub-tomogram averaging combined with AlphaFold, to generate a pseudo-atomic model of the whole glycoprotein envelope of BUNV. This allowed us to unambiguously locate the Gc fusion domain and its chaperone Gn within the floor domain of the spike. We also confirmed that low pH and high [K+] alters the viral glycoproteins, resulting in an activated intermediate state functionally-distinct from the highly ordered ground state, and we localize these changes to the floor domain. Biochemical data suggests that in this intermediate state the viral fusion loops are partially exposed and selectively interact with host cell membranes. Taken together, we reveal new mechanistic understanding of the requirements for virus entry.
Meiotic DNA exchanges are promoted by proximity to the synaptonemal complex
Authors: Almanzar David E. , Gordon Spencer G. , Bristow Chloe , Diezmann Lexy von , Rog Ofer 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDuring meiosis, programmed double strand DNA breaks are repaired to form exchanges between the parental chromosomes called crossovers. Chromosomes lacking a crossover fail to segregate accurately into the gametes, leading to aneuploidy. Crossover formation requires the promotion of exchanges, rather than non-exchanges, as repair products. However, the mechanism underlying this meiosis-specific preference is not fully understood. Here, we study the regulation of meiotic sister chromatid exchanges in Caenorhabditis elegans by direct visualization. We find that a conserved chromosomal interface that promotes exchanges between the parental chromosomes, the synaptonemal complex, also promotes exchanges between the sister chromatids. In both cases, exchanges depend on recruitment of the same set of pro-exchange factors to repair sites. Surprisingly, while the synaptonemal complex usually assembles between the two DNA molecules undergoing an exchange, its activity does not rely on a specific chromosome conformation and it can also promote sister exchanges when assembling next to the sisters. This suggests that the synaptonemal complex regulates exchanges by establishing a nuclear domain conducive to nearby coalescence of exchange-promoting factors.
Unbiased intestinal single cell transcriptomics reveals previously uncharacterized enteric nervous system populations in larval zebrafish
Authors: Kuil L.E. , Kakiailatu N. , Windster J.D. , Bindels E. , Zink J.T.M. , van der Zee G. , Hofstra R.M.W. , Shepherd I.T. , Melotte V. , Alves M.M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe enteric nervous system (ENS) regulates many gastrointestinal functions including peristalsis, immune regulation and uptake of nutrients. Defects in the ENS can lead to severe enteric neuropathies such as Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), which is caused by defective ENS development. Zebrafish have proven to be fruitful in the identification of novel genes involved in ENS development and HSCR pathology. However, the composition and specification of enteric neurons and glial subtypes of the larval zebrafish at a single cell level, remains mainly unexplored. Here, we performed single cell RNA sequencing of zebrafish ENS at 5 days post-fertilization. We identified both vagal neural crest progenitors and Schwann cell precursors, as well as four clusters of early differentiated neurons. Interestingly, since we took an unbiased approach where we sequenced total intestines, an elavl3+/phox2bb- population of neurons and the presence of cx43+/phox2bb- enteric glia were identified in larval zebrafish. These populations have not been described before. Pseudotime analysis supported binary neurogenic branching of ENS differentiation, which happens via a notch-responsive state. Together, our data revealed previously unrecognized ENS populations and serve as a resource to gain new insights on ENS development and specification, proving that the zebrafish is a valuable model organism in the quest towards understanding and treating congenital enteric neuropathies.
A rapid alkalinization factor-like peptide EaF82 impairs tapetum degeneration during pollen development through induced ATP deficiency
Authors: Hung Chiu-Yueh , Kittur Farooqahmed S. , Wharton Keely N. , Umstead Makendra L. , Burwell D’Shawna B. , Thomas Martinique , Qi Qi , Zhang Jianhui , Oldham Carla E. , Burkey Kent O. , Chen Jianjun , Xie Jiahua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn plants, timely degeneration of tapetal cells is essential for providing nutrients and other substances to support pollen development. Rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs) are small, cysteine-rich peptides known to be involved in various aspects of plant development and growth, and defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the functions of most of them remain unknown, while no RALF has been reported to involve in tapetum degeneration. In this study, we demonstrated that a novel cysteine-rich peptide EaF82 isolated from shy-flowering ‘Golden Pothos’ plants is a RALF-like peptide and displays alkalinizing activity. Its heterologous expression in Arabidopsis delayed tapetum degeneration and reduced pollen production and seed yields. RNAseq, RT-qPCR and biochemical analyses showed that overexpressingEaF82down-regulated a group of genes involved in pH changes, cell wall modifications, tapetum degeneration and pollen maturation as well as seven endogenous ArabidopsisRALFgenes, and decreased proteasome activity and ATP levels. Yeast two-hybrid screening identified AKIN10, a subunit of energy-sensing SnRK1 kinase, to be its interacting partner. Our study reveals a possible regulatory role for RALF peptide in tapetum degeneration and suggests that EaF82 action may be mediated through AKIN10 leading to the alteration of transcriptome and energy metabolism, thereby causing ATP deficiency and impairing pollen development.
New roles for an old cyclin in control of cell cycle entry and cell size
Authors: Brambila Amanda , Prichard Beth E. , DeWitt Jerry T. , Kellogg Douglas R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEntry into the cell cycle in late G1 phase occurs only when sufficient growth has occurred. In budding yeast, a cyclin called Cln3 is thought to link cell cycle entry to cell growth. Cln3 accumulates during growth in early G1 phase and eventually triggers accumulation of late G1 phase cyclins that drive cell cycle entry. All current models for cell cycle entry assume that expression of late G1 phase cyclins is initiated at the transcriptional level. Current models also assume that the sole function of Cln3 in cell cycle entry is to promote transcription of late G1 phase cyclins, and that Cln3 works solely in G1 phase. Here, we show that cell cycle-dependent expression of late G1 phase cyclins does not require cell cycle-dependent transcription. Moreover, Cln3 can influence accumulation of late G1 phase cyclin proteins via post-transcriptional mechanisms. Finally, we show that Cln3 has functions in mitosis that strongly influence cell size. Together, these discoveries reveal surprising new functions for Cln3 that challenge current models for control of cell cycle entry and cell size.
The integrated effect of Kaizen and innovation culture on the police performance: an empirical investigation
Authors: Alosani Mohammed Saleh , Al-Dhaafri Hassan Saleh 
Published: August 2022

PurposeLimited use of Kaizen practices in police agencies, together with very few studies that investigated the link between it and police performance, gives a gap and good indication to conduct this study. Thus, this study seeks to explore and examine this relationship through the lens of innovation culture as a mediating factor.Design/methodology/approachThis paper was based on a survey with 352 effective participants, including the head section officers of the Dubai Police in the UAE. A structural equation modelling technique was used for statistical analysis.FindingsResults indicate that Kaizen was positively associated with police performance. Innovation culture also plays a mediating role in the relationship between Kaizen and police performance.Originality/valueThis paper has theoretical and practical contributions. It is one of the first studies to create and test the direct and indirect associations between Kaizen and police performance, providing evidence on the mediating role of innovation culture with regard to Kaizen and performance in the policing field.
The effects of female sexually fluid workplace romance on their work and life
Authors: Pham Quan Thuong , Le Hung Quang , Mai Khuong Ngoc , Phan Anh Trieu 
Published: August 2022

PurposeDrawing on scholarships of workplace romance, LGBT at work and sexual fluidity, this present research aims to investigate the effect of female sexually fluid romantic relationships at work on their work and life.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used qualitative approach and interviewed 30 female workers who experienced sexual fluidity at work.FindingsFrom interviews with 30 female employees in Vietnam who experience fluidity in their romance, the authors find out positive and negatives effects on their psychology at work (affective/behavioral/cognitive change and mental health), work outcome (job attitudes and performance/productivity) and relations with coworkers.Originality/valueThis research discovers common and distinct features in the workplace romance of female sexually fluid employees. The research finding supports queer perspective which is exerting more salient impacts on our contemporary society and workplace.
Bringing workers into ownership of platform companies
Authors: Gonza Tej , Ellerman David 
Published: August 2022

PurposeIn addition to increased regulation and platform co-operatives, this paper proposes a third option to address the problem posed by the labor-based platform (LBP) companies and companies' treatment of de facto employees as “independent contractors,” thus avoiding the usual employee benefits.Design/methodology/approachThe paper outlines the history and structure of Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs) as a mechanism to achieve partial worker ownership of companies.FindingsThe possibility of establishing ESOPs in the local subsidiaries of platform companies is outlined as the third option to reform LBPs.Practical implicationsWhether this option is available in the United States of America is not clear without new litigation or legislation since the existing USA ESOP is for “employees” and the problem is that the LBPs do not classify these platforms' full-time workers as “employees.” Hence, this third option may be mainly relevant to other countries for LBPs that are not already established.Originality/valueThe ESOP approach to changing LBPs is a new suggestion in addition to the usual approaches of increased public regulation and establishing new worker-owned platform co-operatives. The ESOP is a new tool in the hands of municipal and national governments to require in order for the LBPs to be able to operate.
B Corps and listed companies: empirical analysis on corporate social responsibility and innovation activity
Authors: Gazzola Patrizia , Grechi Daniele , Ferioli Matteo , Slavata David 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to investigate whether the corporate social responsibility (CSR) and innovation activity of Certified B Corps® is comparable to listed companies in the Italian fashion industry.Design/methodology/approachThe study includes a systematic literature review performed on Scopus® and combining keywords related to CSR and the fashion industry. Moreover, the literature review involves empirical analyses performed using a mixed-methods approach. First, a text-based content analysis was carried out on the companies' sustainability reports using the keyword scoring approach. The innovation index was then calculated, and multiple ordinary least squares (OLS) linear regressions were performed.FindingsBased on the data available, it has emerged that Certified B Corps® who pursue a more significant number of SDGs are more likely to implement circular economy principles. Moreover, Certified B Corps® that have higher transparency standards and assume social responsibility practices also have higher innovation activity; in contrast, companies who used CSR only as a marketing tool have lower activity.Research limitations/implicationsThe analyses were influenced by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, revealing weaker relationships between the variables, as the analyses involved 2020 data. Furthermore, although the analysis considers the entire population of Certified B Corps® and listed companies in the Italian fashion industry, the size of the sample analyzed influenced the results and insights. Therefore, the analysis does not allow for generalizability. Finally, the study was conducted on a single country whose economic and social contexts have influenced some variables.Practical implicationsThe paper highlights some managerial implications. Managers should consider CSR to be an investment and an opportunity to survive the post-COVID-19 pandemic by applying the triple bottom line (TBL) approach in formulating strategies and increasing investments to develop sustainable innovations.Originality/valueThe article explores B Corps, which has received minimal attention in the literature, to propose a deeper understanding of the topic.
Gender equality in the workplace: a global perspective
Authors: Andrade Maureen Snow 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
The benefits of gender diversity in the workplace are well-established. Consequently, many organizations have policies or programs in place to encourage hiring women. Despite this, the gender gap remains, particularly in terms of compensation and promotion and progress appears slow. This paper aims to examine the benefits of gender diversity and common approaches to enhance it. It then reviews lessons from global research and suggests applications.

Design/methodology/approach
This practitioner study reviews the literature to identify arguments for gender equality in the workplace, progress in gender equality and common organizational approaches to equality. It presents snapshots of two global studies examining gender equality. It draws implications and applications from these studies.

Findings
Gender equality remains elusive and difficult to achieve despite efforts on the part of leaders to encourage it. Insights from research provide compelling reasons in terms of organizational outcomes for female hiring, development and promotion. Additionally, insights into organizational culture help leaders identify barriers to gender equality.

Originality/value
This paper presents insights into the need for and benefits of gender equality in organizations. A review of two global studies provides compelling reasons for leaders to recommit themselves to their gender equality and address needed changes in organizational culture.