bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced moving least square method for the solution of volterra integro-differential equation: an interpolating polynomial
Authors: Taiwo O. A. , Etuk M. O. , Nwaeze E. , Ogunniran M. O. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an enhanced moving least square method for the solution of volterra integro-differential equation: an interpolating polynomial. It is a numerical scheme that utilizes a modified shape function of the conventional Moving Least Square (MLS) method to solve fourth order Integro-differential equations. Smooth orthogonal polynomials have been constructed and used as the basis functions. A robust and unrestricted trigonometric weight function, along with the basis function, drives the shape function and facilitates the convergence of the scheme. The choice of the support size and some controlling parameters ensures the existence of the moment matrix inverse and the MLS solution. Valid explanation and illustration were made for the existence of the inverse linear operator. To overcome problems of near-singularity, the singular value decomposition rule is used to compute the inverse of the moment matrix. Gauss quadrature rule is used to compute the integral at the initial test points when the exact solution is unknown. Some tested problems were solved to show the applicability of the method. The results obtained compare favourable with the exact solutions. Finally, a highly significant interpolating polynomial is obtained and used to reproduce the solutions over the entire problem domain. The negligible magnitude of the error at each evaluation knot demonstrates the reliability and effectiveness of this scheme.
Transient Taylor–Dean flow in a composite annulus with porous walls partially filled with porous material
Authors: Jha Basant K. , Yusuf Taiwo S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe sole aim of this article is to examine the relative contribution of suction/injection parameter on Taylor–Dean flow in a composite annular gap partially filled with porous material. In the present setup, the Newtonian fluid flow is induced by the circumferential motion of both cylinders and pressure gradient imposed in the Azimuthal direction. The mathematical model governing the flow is rendered dimensionless using appropriate dimensionless quantities transformed using the Laplace transform technique. Using suitable Ansatz, the equation is reduced to the Bessel differential equations and solved. The solution of converted to the time domain using a well-known numerical scheme known as the Riemann-sum approximation. The variation of the Newtonian fluid for different flow parameters is presented graphically. The solution method is validated by obtaining the steady-state solution and also using the implicit finite different approach (IFD); comparison of the methods is depicted in tabular form (see Tables 1, 2). It is deduced generally that the Newtonian fluid is higher when injection at the outer cylinder except when Da is small also higher interfacial velocity can be achieved by taking positive value of $$\beta$$
β
.
Validation of the HPLC–PDA method for detection of eluxadoline and rifaximin in rat plasma and application in a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Karla Vijendar Reddy , Palakeeti Babji , Raghasudha M. , Chitta Raghu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
A precise, simple, accurate, and quick HPLC–PDA method for the determination of eluxadoline and rifaximin in rat plasma was developed and validated in this study. In this method, Loperamide hydrochloride was used as the internal standard and plasma samples were prepared using a liquid–liquid extraction technique for which acetonitrile was a solvent. An Agilent Symmetry C8 column (5 µm, 250 mm × 4.6 mm) at 283 nm and isocratic elution using HPLC grade acetonitrile and 7 mM TEA (pH 2.5) with a ratio of (40: 60 v/v) was used as a mobile phase and the flow rate employed was 1 mL min−1. A satisfactory chromatographic separation was accomplished.

Results
An HPLC–PDA method for the determination of eluxadoline and rifaximin with retention times of 3.06 and 7.82 min, respectively, was developed. The calibration curves appear linear for both eluxadoline and rifaximin in the range of 5–200 ng mL−1 and 10–400 ng mL−1, and the corresponding correlation coefficient values were found to be 0.9999 and 0.9998 respectively. Lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) for eluxadoline and rifaximin were evaluated to be 5.0 ng mL−1 and 10.0 ng mL−1, respectively. The accuracy and precision results in all validation experiments were within the acceptance limits of FDA guidelines.

Conclusion
The developed HPLC–PDA approach was fully validated to meet the USFDA guidelines for bioanalytical method validation in terms of precision, accuracy, and stability. The presented approach could be beneficial for the determination of ELX and RFX in rat plasma, according to validation parameters. This is one of the efficient method to study the pharmacokinetics of ELX and RFX in rats.

Graphical abstract
Limited, But Not Eliminated, Excess Long-Term Morbidity in Stage I-IIA Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated With Doxorubicin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine and Limited-Field Radiotherapy
Authors: Lagerlöf Ingemar , Fohlin Helena , Enblad Gunilla , Glimelius Bengt , Goldkuhl Christina , Palma Marzia , Åkesson Lisa , Glimelius Ingrid , Molin Daniel 
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE Balancing disease control and toxicity from chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) when treating early-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is important. Available data on long-term toxicity after RT for cHL mostly refer to RT techniques no longer in use. We aimed to describe long-term toxicity from modern limited-field (LF)-RT after two or four cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD). PATIENTS AND METHODS This study included all patients with cHL treated with two or four cycles of ABVD and 30 Gy LF-RT during 1999-2005 in Sweden. Patients (n = 215) and comparators (n = 860), matched for age, gender, and region of residence, were cross-checked against national health registries for malignancies, diseases of the circulatory system (DCS), and diseases of the respiratory system (DRS) from the day of diagnosis of cHL. RESULTS The risk of a malignancy was higher for patients than comparators, hazard ratio (HR) 1.5 (95% CI, 1.0 to 2.4), as was the risk for DCS 1.5 (95% CI, 1.1 to 2.0) and for DRS 2.6 (95% CI, 1.6 to 4.3). The median follow-up was 16 years (range, 12-19 years). Of individual diagnoses in DCS, only venous thromboembolism was statistically significantly elevated. If the first 6 months (ie, time of active treatment for cHL) were excluded and censoring at relapse of cHL or diagnosis of any malignancy, the increased HR for venous thromboembolism diminished. Most of the excess risk for DRS consisted of asthma, HR 3.5 (95% CI, 1.8 to 6.8). Patients diagnosed with DRS were significantly younger than comparators. CONCLUSION Compared with toxicity from earlier RT techniques, excess morbidity was not eliminated, but lower than previously reported. The elevated risk of DRS was driven by diagnosis of asthma, which could in part be explained by misdiagnosis of persisting pulmonary toxicity.
Protection strategies of active defense in cyber-physical power systems
Authors: Chen Lei , Gorbachev Sergey , Yue Dong , Dou Chunxia , Li Shengquan , Ge Hui , Cheng Zihao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cascading failure triggered by tiny failure iteratively propagates between physical power grid and communication network, causing severe damage on cyber-physical power systems. In this paper, we study the protection strategies of active defense to improve the robustness of systems. Based on analysis of cascading failure in systems, we classify failure into three types, structural failure, overload failure, and interdependent failure. Due to the severe damage caused by overload failure, we propose four protection strategies of active defense, through interdicting propagation path of cascading failure, to prevent overload failure. Compared with traditional redundancy protection and structure optimization, the protection strategies are economical and efficient, and can defend from an unknown attack. In simulation analysis, the protection strategies of active defense are proved to be effective in prevention of cascading failure.
Serotonin: an overlooked regulator of endocytosis and endosomal sorting?
Authors: Redpath Gregory , Deo Nikita 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTSerotonin is a neurotransmitter and a hormone that is typically associated with regulating our mood. However, the serotonin transporter and receptors are expressed throughout the body, highlighting the much broader, systemic role of serotonin in regulating human physiology. A substantial body of data strongly implicates serotonin as a fundamental regulator of endocytosis and endocytic sorting. Serotonin has the potential to enhance endocytosis through three distinct mechanisms – serotonin signalling, serotonylation and insertion into the plasma membrane – although the interplay and relationship between these mechanisms has not yet been explored. Endocytosis is central to the cellular response to the extracellular environment, controlling receptor distribution on the plasma membrane to modulate signalling, neurotransmitter release and uptake, circulating protein and lipid cargo uptake, and amino acid internalisation for cell proliferation. Uncovering the range of cellular and physiological circumstances in which serotonin regulates endocytosis is of great interest for our understanding of how serotonin regulates mood, and also the fundamental understanding of endocytosis and its regulation throughout the body.This article has an associated Future Leader to Watch interview with the first author of the paper.
Detection of unilateral and bilateral cleft alveolus on panoramic radiographs using a deep-learning system
Authors: Kuwada Chiaki , Ariji Yoshiko , Kise Yoshitaka , Fukuda Motoki , Ota Jun , Ohara Hisanobu , Kojima Norinaga , Ariji Eiichiro 
Published: January 2022

Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference in performance of deep-learning (DL) models with respect to the image classes and amount of training data to create an effective DL model for detecting both unilateral cleft alveoli (UCAs) and bilateral cleft alveoli (BCAs) on panoramic radiographs.

Methods:
Model U was created using UCA and normal images, and Model B was created using BCA and normal images. Models C1 and C2 were created using the combined data of UCA, BCA, and normal images. The same number of CAs was used for training Models U, B, and C1, whereas Model C2 was created with a larger amount of data. The performance of all four models was evaluated with the same test data and compared with those of two human observers.

Results:
The recall values were 0.60, 0.73, 0.80, and 0.88 for Models A, B, C1, and C2, respectively. The results of Model C2 were highest in precision and F-measure (0.98 and 0.92) and almost the same as those of human observers. Significant differences were found in the ratios of detected to undetected CAs of Models U and C1 (p = 0.01), Models U and C2 (p &lt; 0.001), and Models B and C2 (p = 0.036).

Conclusions:
The DL models trained using both UCA and BCA data (Models C1 and C2) achieved high detection performance. Moreover, the performance of a DL model may depend on the amount of training data.
The recursive-adaptive rental subscription model (R-ARSM) in the new normal: an application to the housing sector
Authors: Okwonu Friday Zinzendoff , Ahad Nor Aishah , Apanapudor Joshua Sarduana , Arunaye Festus Irimisose , Okoloko Innocent Ejiro 
Published: January 2022

Background: The last three decades have witnessed a remarkable transformation from a traditional billing system to a subscription model. Many organizations have adopted the subscription models especially in the service sectors like telecommunication, internet service providers, and satellite television operators. During the lockdown occasioned by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, people were forced to subscribe for their daily needs, and their lifestyle was altered, and people must reset to cope with the new normal. The new normal era has exposed many people to subscribe to what they could afford based on length of time and limited resources. Unexpected daily economic challenges emerged, and people relocated to affordable places which led to rent default, rent arrears, and refund requests. This paper focused on how to solve rent default, rent arrears, and refund request problems in the public and private housing sector. Methods: Relying on this, we proposed recursive-adaptive rental subscription models (R-ARSM) that could allow tenants options to subscribe for house rent with available resources. The R-ARSM concept mimics the internet subscription, mobile phone subscription, and satellite television subscription models whereby services to customers on annually, monthly, weekly, daily, and hourly rates are terminated when the subscribed amount elapses. Results: The model based on the penalty constant showed that it is a balanced model for both landlords and tenants in the housing sector. The R-ARSM showed promising results, it is time-dependent and indicates the tenant's available balance per period. Conclusions: The analysis revealed that the R-ARSM concept would solve refund requests and rent default problems if implemented.
The tropical coral Pocillopora acuta displays an unusual chromatin structure and shows histone H3 clipping plasticity upon bleaching
Authors: Roquis David , Cosseau Céline , Brener Raffalli Kelly , Romans Pascal , Masanet Patrick , Mitta Guillaume , Grunau Christoph , Vidal-Dupiol Jeremie 
Published: January 2022

Background: Pocillopora acuta is a hermatypic coral with strong ecological importance. Anthropogenic disturbances and global warming are major threats that can induce coral bleaching, the disruption of the mutualistic symbiosis between the coral host and its endosymbiotic algae. Previous works have shown that somaclonal colonies display different levels of survival depending on the environmental conditions they previously faced. Epigenetic mechanisms are good candidates to explain this phenomenon. However, almost no work had been published on the P. acuta epigenome, especially on histone modifications. In this study, we aim at providing the first insight into chromatin structure of this species. Methods: We aligned the amino acid sequence of P. acuta core histones with histone sequences from various phyla. We developed a centri-filtration on sucrose gradient to separate chromatin from the host and the symbiont. The presence of histone H3 protein and specific histone modifications were then detected by western blot performed on histone extraction done from bleached and healthy corals. Finally, micrococcal nuclease (MNase) digestions were undertaken to study nucleosomal organization. Results: The centri-filtration enabled coral chromatin isolation with less than 2% of contamination by endosymbiont material. Histone sequences alignments with other species show that P. acuta displays on average ~90% of sequence similarities with mice and ~96% with other corals. H3 detection by western blot showed that H3 is clipped in healthy corals while it appeared to be intact in bleached corals. MNase treatment failed to provide the usual mononucleosomal digestion, a feature shared with some cnidarian, but not all; suggesting an unusual chromatin structure. Conclusions: These results provide a first insight into the chromatin, nucleosome and histone structure of P. acuta. The unusual patterns highlighted in this study and partly shared with other cnidarian will need to be further studied to better understand its role in corals.
Carbon Offsetting with Eco-Conscious Consumers
Authors: Gao Fei , Souza Gilvan C. 
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we model a firm that can reduce its carbon footprint in the presence of a segment of eco-conscious consumers, who consider the product’s carbon footprint when making purchasing decisions. The firm can reduce its controllable emissions at increased fixed and variable costs. The firm can also buy carbon offsets, at the price set by a nongovernmental organization (NGO), for both its controllable and uncontrollable emissions in the supply chain. We find that the firm should not use these two emission reduction methods as simple substitutes. In particular, as the offset price decreases, the firm may spend more efforts reducing its controllable emissions. Also, a firm’s decision to buy carbon offsets depends on the correlation between consumers’ preferences for the product function and for its environmental attributes, and this has implications for NGOs selling offsets. Specifically, although NGOs should price offsets as low as possible in most cases, we find some instances where a premium pricing strategy may be more effective in promoting lower-carbon footprint products, especially when eco-conscious consumers have a significantly higher valuation for the product than those who do not care about the environment, on average.This paper was accepted by Jayashankar Swaminathan, operations management.Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.4293 .
Effectiveness of combined modulated ultrasound and electric current stimulation to treat diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Hearne Caoimhe L Joyce , Patton Declan , Moore Zena E , Wilson Pauline , Gillen Corey , O'Connor Tom 
Published: January 2022

Objective:The use of combined ultrasound and electrostimulation (CUSECS) as an adjunct therapy for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) is a relatively new concept. This study aimed to investigate if combined ultrasound and electrostimulation is an effective adjunctive treatment for hard-to-heal DFUs when compared with standard wound care.Methods:A randomised controlled pilot study design was used. Patients with hard-to-heal DFUs from two centres were sequentially randomised. For 8 weeks, the experimental group received CUSECS and standard wound care treatment twice a week. The control group received standard wound care treatment once a week. Wound changes were documented using photography, which also facilitated wound size measurement. Self-efficacy, economic cost, quality of life and reoccurrence rates were analysed as secondary objectives.Results:The experimental group (n=6) achieved a higher rate of mean wound healing (mean difference (MD): 0.49) when compared to the control group (n=5, MD: 0.01). Two participants completed full healing in the experimental group and one in the control group. There were no statistically significant findings because of the small sample size. There were no direct adverse reactions to this therapy. Quality of life scores improved in the treatment group. There was no significant change in self-efficacy scores. Costs were higher in the experimental group; however, the healing rate was quicker, which could be extrapolated to cost reductions over time.Conclusion:Results suggest that CUSECS may be a useful adjunctive therapy for treatment of hard-to-heal DFUs. Further large-scale studies are needed to ascertain the effectiveness of CUSECS. The findings here are inconclusive but indicate that CUSECS may offer promise as a treatment.
Use of autologous conditioned serum dressings in hard-to-heal wounds: a randomised prospective clinical trial
Authors: Gholian Shakiba , Pishgahi Alireza , Shakouri Seyed Kazem , Eslamian Fariba , Yousefi Mehdi , Kheiraddin Behzad Pourabbas , Dareshiri Shahla , Yarani Reza , Dolatkhah Neda 
Published: January 2022

Objective: In this study, we aimed to assess both the efficacy and tolerability of autologous conditioned serum (ACS) as an innovative wound dressing in the local management of hard-to-heal wounds. Method: In this single-blinded randomised controlled trial, patients with hard-to-heal wounds were randomly assigned to receive either ACS treatment or normal saline (NS) dressings. The treatment was applied once a week for three weeks with a final assessment at three weeks from the first ACS application. Results: A total of 30 patients took part in the study. Analysis of wound assessment data demonstrated statistically significant differences for wound surface area and Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing scores (area score, exudate and tissue) from baseline to the end of the study in patients who received the ACS dressing, but not in patients who received the normal saline dressing. There were statistically significant differences in changes in: the wound surface area at week three (–6.4±2.69cm2 versus +0.4±2.52cm2); area score at week three (–2.2±1.08 versus +0.2±0.86); exudate at week two (–1.2±0.70 versus +0.0±0.45) and at week 3 (–1.3±0.72 versus –0.1±0.63); tissue at week two (–1.1±0.35 versus +0.0±0.53) and at week three (–1.8±0.65 versus –0.1±0.63); and the PUSH total score at week one (–1.6±0.98 versus +0.4±1.22), week two (–3.2±0.86 versus +0.4±0.98) and week three (–5.3±1.17 versus –0.0±1.33) between the ACS and NS groups, respectively. Conclusion: This trial revealed a significant decrease in wound surface area as well as a considerable improvement in wound healing in the ACS dressing group.
A Streamlined Attention Mechanism for Image Classification and Fine-Grained Visual Recognition
Authors: Himabindu Dakshayani D , Kumar Praveen S 
Published: January 2022

In the recent advancements attention mechanism in deep learning had played a vital role in proving better results in tasks under computer vision. There exists multiple kinds of works under attention mechanism which includes under image classification, fine-grained visual recognition, image captioning, video captioning, object detection and recognition tasks. Global and local attention are the two attention based mechanisms which helps in interpreting the attentive partial. Considering this criteria, there exists channel and spatial attention where in channel attention considers the most attentive channel among the produced block of channels and spatial attention considers which region among the space needs to be focused on. We have proposed a streamlined attention block module which helps in enhancing the feature based learning with less number of additional layers i.e., a GAP layer followed by a linear layer with an incorporation of second order pooling(GSoP) after every layer in the utilized encoder. This mechanism has produced better range dependencies by the conducted experimentation. We have experimented our model on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100 and FGVC-Aircrafts datasets considering finegrained visual recognition. We were successful in achieving state-of-the-result for FGVC-Aircrafts with an accuracy of 97%.
Ensemble learning: a bidirectional framework for designing data-driven THz composite metamaterials
Authors: Wang Yue , Zhu Yongqiang , Cui Zijian , Jiang Haoqing , Zhang Kuang , Wang Xuan 
Published: January 2022

Metamaterials present revolutionary routes to manipulate the behavior of electromagnetic waves. The well-designed metamaterial can exhibit exotic functionalities, such as perfect absorption, holography, beam steering, optical nonlinear generation, and various functional interfaces. However, those designs currently rely on trial-and-error and case-by-case numerical simulations to achieve target responses, which usually requires huge computing resources and expertise related to metamaterials. In this study, we propose a machine-learning-assisted bidirectional ensemble learning framework for designing composite metamaterial absorbers at 0.3–2.0 THz. The proposed framework is a guide to reveal the intricate and nonintuitive relationship between a composite metamaterial structure and its absorption spectrum from previously known datasets, which circumvents the limitation of numerical simulation. This framework not only effectively realizes the forward prediction of the absorption spectrum, but also can retrieve composite metamaterial structure parameters from a given spectrum.