bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of an intragastric trocar to perform a novel stapling procedure for reflux disease
Authors: Storm Andrew C. , AbiMansour Jad P. , Bofill-Garcia Aliana , Mahmoud Tala , Rapaka Babusai , Lescalleet Kristin E. , Dayyeh Barham K. Abu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims A percutaneous intragastric trocar (PIT) enables intraluminal use of laparoscopic tools and helps overcome traditional limitations of endoscopy. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of using a PIT to perform an anti-reflux stapling procedure.
Materials and methods Trocars were placed in four animals and an articulating stapler was used to perform fundoplication under endoscopic guidance. Animals were monitored for 14 days post-procedure. Functional lumen imaging of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) was performed at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at 14 days.
Results The procedure was successful in all animals who survived to day 14 without distress or significant adverse events. Baseline EGJ distensibility was 5.0 ± 1.2 mm2/mmHg, 2.7 ± 0.7 mm2/mmHg post-procedurally, and 3.0 ± 0.8mm2/mmHg on day 14. Average change in distensibility pre- and post-procedure was –2.3 ± 1.8 mm2/mmHg (95 % confidence interval [CI] –0.5 to 5.1, P = 0.08) while change in pre- and day 14 distensibility was –2.0 ± 1.4 mm2/mmHg (95 % CI –0.1 to 4.2, P = 0.06).
Conclusions An intragastric trocar allows for use of large-diameter laparoscopic instruments to safely and effectively perform endoluminal fundoplication with anti-reflux properties that persist for at least 14 days.
Nickel-Catalyzed Sustainable and Selective Alkylation of Alcohols to α-Alkylated Ketones via Borrowing Hydrogen Approach
Authors: Paul Nanda D. , Chakraborty Gargi , Pal Subhasree , Chakraborty Subhajit 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHerein, we report a nickel-catalyzed sustainable, environment­-friendly, and economically affordable borrowing hydrogen approach (BHA) for synthesizing various α-alkylated ketones via dehydro­genative coupling of primary and secondary alcohols. Using a well-­defined, air-stable, inexpensive, and easy-to-prepare four-coordinate macrocyclic Ni(II)-catalyst [Ni(MeTAA)] of a tetra-aza macrocyclic ligand (tetramethyltetraaza[14]annulene (H2MeTAA)), a series of α-alkylated ketones were prepared in good yields. A few control reactions, including deuterium-labelling experiments, were performed to unveil the reaction mechanism.
Myocardial Strain Imaging Using Feature Tracking Method of Cardiac MRI: Our Initial Experience of This Novel Parameter as an Additional Diagnostic Tool
Authors: Chudgar Priya D. , Burkule Nitin J. , Kamat Nikhil V. , Rege Gautam M. , Jantre Mansi N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is used as quantitative parameter to evaluate myocardial function. However, interobserver variation, limited reproducibility, and dependence on pre-load and after-load reduces its accuracy. The fall in LVEF occurs very late, when myocardial dysfunction is already advanced. Myocardial strain measurements (especially global longitudinal strain) is a new parameter to detect myocardial dysfunction before derangements in LVEF. The aim of this article is to share our experience of this novel diagnostic tool.
Methods Feature tracking method of strain assessment is performed using routine long and short axis cine images of cardiac MRI (CMR). Dedicated post-processing CMR software can perform off-line analysis and provide results in form of color-coded maps, percentage values as well as strain over time curve for each myocardial segments.
Results Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is more sensitive than LVEF and can identify sub-clinical left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in various cardiomyopathies. It is also an important prognostic marker in serial assessment of heart failure patients. Regional differences in strain parameters can provide clues in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as well as amyloidosis. GLS is recommended as routine measurement in patients undergoing chemotherapy to detect LV dysfunction prior to fall in LVEF. Strain imaging can be applied to guide placement of the LV pacing lead in patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy. More clinical data is needed to evaluate its role in ischemic heart disease.
Conclusion Strain imaging can identify LV dysfunction earlier than conventional methods and this opens a new perspective in risk stratification and therapeutic decision-making of various cardiac pathologies.
How should autonomous vehicles drive? Policy, methodological, and social considerations for designing a driver
Authors: Bin-Nun Amitai Y. , Derler Patricia , Mehdipour Noushin , Tebbens Radboud Duintjer 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAutonomous vehicles (AVs) are being developed, tested, and commercialized around the world. While skilled human drivers can rely on their experience and common sense to navigate complex driving situations that involve trade-offs between competing objectives, AVs are engineered systems, which may handle complex scenarios based on driving principles articulated at the time of system design. This raises the question of what constitutes proper driving behavior in a complex driving scenario. Many jurisdictions point to existing rules of the road as a description of good driving and, by requiring AVs to follow such rules, hope to improve the safety and efficiency of the transportation system. This paper discusses the desirability of a comprehensive definition of AV behavior, reviews subnational, national, and international regulatory developments that seek to define how AVs might drive, and discusses the tensions between safe, lawful, and efficient driving. Locally defined rules of the road can serve as a guide to a comprehensive driving behavior specification. However, translating rules of the road, which are legal documents written in natural language, to formal rules for use by computers deployed on AVs is a challenging task. In particular, the pervasive appeals to judgment that are present in many rules of the road do not easily lend themselves to the precise formalization of conditions and quantification of values that computers use to make decisions. This work also considers the effect that formalizing behavior for adoption by AVs might have on the general driving culture, and especially on the relationship between existing classes of road users. To highlight the challenges associated with formalizing the rules of the road, this work reports on an experiment where two teams independently translated two rules of the road into formal rules to instruct AVs or to verify the correctness of AV behavior. The study results emphasize the desirability of new technical and political structures to mediate a shared understanding of the rules of the road. The harmonization of behavioral expectations has the potential to improve the safety and efficiency of AV deployments, as well as the broader transportation system.
A compact, low jitter, high voltage trigger generator based on fractional-turn ratio saturable pulse transformer and its application
Authors: Geng Jiu-yuan , Yang Jian-hua , Cheng Xin-bing , Chen Rong , Shu Ting 
Published: August 2022

In this paper, an all-solid-state high voltage trigger generator is developed, which is aimed at triggering a several gigawatts three-electrode spark gap of an intense electron beam accelerator (IEBA). As one of the most important parts for triggering the IEBA precisely, it is developed based on a fractional-turn ratio saturable pulse transformer and a compact six-stage Marx generator. A pulse of rising time 141 ns and amplitude 79.6 kV is obtained on the 1000 Ω dummy load. The trigger is operated at pulsed repetition frequency over 10 Hz for testing its operational stability. The jitter counted from the initial control signal to the falling edge of the pulse is 0.64 ns. In addition, experiments of three-minute continuous repetitive operations at 10 Hz and higher frequency are carried out. The results show that the trigger generator has high stability even in long-time operations. So far, it successfully applies to the main switch of IEBA with a breakdown voltage of over 500 kV, and a total system jitter of 6.7 ns is acquired.
Design and implementation of sequential excitation module for high fidelity piezoresponse force microscopy
Authors: Song Chunlin , Huang Boyuan , Feng Jun , Li Jiangyu 
Published: August 2022

The acquisition of accurate information through a contact resonance mode is critical for mapping weak electromechanical effect reliably by using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). However, it is very challenging to track resonance frequency shifting when the contact stiffness from the sample varies significantly. In this work, we have developed a sequential excitation (SE) module to enable high fidelity PFM. A customized discrete frequency sweep signal from an arbitrary waveform generator is used for drive excitation so that resonance frequency tracking is no longer necessary. Furthermore, the AC component of the piezoresponse is sampled by using an oscilloscope instead of using lock-in amplifiers. To accommodate high volume of data acquisition, a fast analysis method is also developed to fit the transfer function of the cantilever efficiently on the fly during scanning. Hardware implementation and data processing are described in detail. The capability of our SE module has been demonstrated on an ordinary PMN-PT film via first and second harmonic PFM, as well as a suspended freestanding MoS2 membrane that is very challenging to probe due to its substantial variation in contact stiffness.
Electronic states and transitions of PrO and PrO+ probed by threshold ionization spectroscopy and spin–orbit multiconfiguration perturbation theory
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Nakamura Taiji , Wu Lu , Cao Wenjin , Schoendorff George , Gordon Mark S. , Yang Dong-Sheng 
Published: August 2022

The precise ionization energy of praseodymium oxide (PrO) seeded in supersonic molecular beams is measured with mass-analyzed threshold ionization (MATI) spectroscopy. A total of 33 spin–orbit (SO) states of PrO and 23 SO states of PrO+ are predicted by second-order multiconfigurational quasi-degenerate perturbation (MCQDPT2) theory. Electronic transitions from four low-energy SO levels of the neutral molecule to the ground state of the singly charged cation are identified by combining the MATI spectroscopic measurements with the MCQDPT2 calculations. The precise ionization energy is used to reassess the ionization energies and the reaction enthalpies of the Pr + O → PrO+ + e− chemi-ionization reaction reported in the literature. An empirical formula that uses atomic electronic parameters is proposed to predict the ionization energies of lanthanide monoxides, and the empirical calculations match well with available precise experimental measurements.
Lifetime cost of HIV management in Australia: an economic model
Authors: Lim Megumi , Devine Angela , Gray Richard T. , Kwon Jisoo A. , Hutchinson Jolie L. , Ong Jason J. 
Published: August 2022

Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV has significantly reduced morbidity and mortality, but the drugs can be expensive. This study aimed to estimate the lifetime cost of HIV management from the Australian healthcare perspective. Methods A Markov cohort model, consisting of 21 health states based on CD4 count and line of ART, simulated disease progression over the lifetime of persons living with HIV. We reported costs using 2019 Australian dollars (A$) at a discount rate of 3.5% per annum. One-way sensitivity analysis was used to assess the impact of model inputs, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to calculate the 95% confidence intervals for the lifetime cost estimate. Results The average discounted lifetime cost of HIV management was A$282 093 (95% CI: $194 198–421 615). The largest proportion of lifetime cost was due to ART (92%). The lifetime cost was most sensitive to third- and second-line ART costs, followed by the probability of failing third-line therapy for those with a CD4 count of <200 cells/μL. A 20% or 50% reduction in patented ART costs would reduce the lifetime cost to A$243 638 and A$161 400, respectively. Replacing patented ART drugs with currently available generic equivalents reduced the lifetime cost to A$141 345. Conclusion The relatively high lifetime costs for managing HIV mean that ongoing investment will be required to provide care and treatment to people living with HIV, and supports the urgent need to avert new infections. Reducing the price of ARTs (including consideration of generic drugs) would have the most significant impact on lifetime costs.
Conceptual relations
Authors: Nuopponen Anita 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter gives an overview of concept relations. They can be used to create terminological products, guarantee their quality and make their contents more accessible to the users. They facilitate the analysis, organization, and definition of concepts, and help to establish connections between concepts and terms, to form and evaluate terms, and to identify term equivalents. This chapter first relates conceptual relations to concept formation, and discusses relevant aspects of terminological resources. Then an extensive typology of conceptual relations is compared to typologies with multidisciplinary backgrounds and purposes. Terminology work and terminological resources often use only basic relation types. However, ontologies, automatic term extraction, and advanced terminological knowledge systems benefit from a larger set of relation types.
Pseudospectrum and binary black hole merger transients
Authors: Jaramillo J L 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The merger phase of binary black hole coalescences is a transient between an initial oscillating regime (inspiral) and a late exponentially damped phase (ringdown). In spite of the non-linear character of Einstein equations, the merger dynamics presents a surprisingly simple behaviour consistent with effective linearity. On the other hand, energy loss through the event horizon and by scattering to infinity renders the system non-conservative. Hence, the infinitesimal generator of the (effective) linear dynamics is a non-selfadjoint operator. Qualitative features of transients in linear dynamics driven by non-selfadjoint (in general, non-normal) operators are captured by the pseudospectrum of the time generator. We propose the pseudospectrum as a unifying framework to thread together the phases of binary black hole coalescences, from the inspiral-merger transition up to the late quasinormal mode ringdown.
Circular stripe domains and cone state vortices in disk-shaped exchange coupled magnetic heterostructures
Authors: Zaiets Oleksandr , Kravchuk Volodymyr P , Pylypovskyi Oleksandr V , Makarov Denys , Sheka Denis D 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Vertically stacked exchange coupled magnetic heterostructures of cylindrical geometry can host complex noncolinear magnetization patterns. By tuning the interlayer exchange coupling between a layer accommodating magnetic vortex state and an out-of-plane magnetized layer, one can efficiently realize new topological chiral textures such as cone state vortices and circular stripe domains. We study how the number of circular stripes can be controlled by both the interlayer exchange coupling and the sample geometrical parameters. By varying geometrical parameters, a continuous phase transition between the homogeneous state, cone state vortex, circular stripe domains, and the imprinted vortex takes place, which is analysed by full scale micromagnetic simulations. The analytical description provides an intuitive pictures of the magnetization textures in each of these phases. The possibility to realize switching between different states allows for engineering magnetic textures with possible applications in spintronic devices.
Electron-neutral collision cross sections for H2O: I. Complete and consistent set
Authors: Budde Maik , Cunha Dias Tiago , Vialetto Luca , Pinhão Nuno , Guerra Vasco , Silva Tiago 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This work proposes a complete and consistent set of cross sections (CSs) for electron collisions with water molecules to be published in the IST-Lisbon database on LXCat. The set is validated from the comparison between experimental and computed electron swarm parameters. The former are collected from literature while the latter are calculated using a space-homogeneous two-term Boltzmann solver, assuming isotropic scattering in inelastic collisions. Rotational CSs, based on the Born approximation, are optimised by means of the electron swarm analysis technique. Superelastic rotational and vibrational collisions are accounted for in the calculations and found to be particularly important for low-energy electrons interacting with water molecules. The set can be used with codes assuming space-homogeneous conditions, in particular common two-term Boltzmann solvers, ensuring a good agreement with experiments. Therefore, it constitutes an important tool for fast calculations and modelling of complex plasma chemistries.
A comparison study of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells grown on (111) silicon and (0001) sapphire substrates under identical conditions
Authors: Zhu C , Xu C , Feng P , Chen X , de Arriba G M , Bai J , Wang T 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Due to an increasing demand of developing III-nitride optoelectronics on silicon substrates, it is necessary to compare the growth and optical properties of III-nitride optoelectronics such as InGaN based light emitting diodes (LEDs) on silicon substrates and widely used sapphire substrates. GaN-on-silicon suffers from tensile strain, while GaN-on-sapphire exhibits compressive strain. This paper presents a comparative study of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) grown on a silicon substrate and a sapphire substrate under identical conditions. It has been found that GaN strain status has a significant influence on the growth and the optical properties of InGaN/GaN MQWs. Photoluminescence measurements indicate the InGaN/GaN MQWs grown on a silicon substrate exhibit significantly longer wavelength emission than those on a sapphire substrate. Detailed x-ray diffraction measurements including reciprocal space mapping measurements confirm that both indium content and growth rate in the InGaN MQWs on the silicon substrate are enhanced due to the tensile strain of the GaN underneath compared with those on the sapphire substrate. This work also presents an investigation on strain evolution during the InGaN MQWs growth on the two different kinds of substrates. A qualitative study based on in-situ curvature measurements indicates that a strain change on the silicon substrate is much more sensitive to a growth temperature change than that on the sapphire substrate. It is worth highlighting that the results provide useful guidance for optimising growth conditions for III-nitrides optoelectronics on silicon substrates.
Dense velocity, pressure and Eulerian acceleration fields from single-instant scattered velocities through Navier–Stokes-based data assimilation
Authors: Mons V , Marquet O , Leclaire B , Cornic P , Champagnat F 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, a reconstruction procedure to infer full 3D instantaneous velocity and pressure fields from sparse velocity measurements is proposed, here focusing on the case of scattered data as provided by particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). A key characteristic of the present approach is that it only relies on single-instant velocity measurements, and does not require any time-resolved or acceleration information. It is based on a strong enforcement of the Navier–Stokes equations where the partial time derivative of the velocity field, namely Eulerian acceleration, is considered as a control vector to minimize the discrepancies between the single-instant measurements and the reconstructed flow. Eulerian acceleration is thus a byproduct of the present methodology in addition to the identification of the full velocity and pressure fields. The reconstruction performances of the proposed Navier–Stokes-based data-assimilation approach for single-instant velocity measurements (NS-DA-SIM) are assessed using a numerical dataset for the 3D flow past a cylinder. Comparisons with existing data assimilation methodologies allow to further illustrate the merits of the present approach. The latter is finally applied to the instantaneous reconstruction of an experimental air jet flow from volumetric PTV data, confirming its robustness and high efficacy.
Removing speckle noise from the signals of a laser Doppler vibrometer on moving platforms (LDVom) by ensemble empirical mode decomposition
Authors: Jin Yang , Dollevoet Rolf , Li Zili 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
With increasing requirements for structural stability and durability, effective monitoring strategies for existing and potential damage are necessary. A laser Doppler vibrometer on moving platforms (LDVom) can remotely capture large-scale structural vibrations, but speckle noise, a significant signal issue mainly when one-way continuously scanning from moving platforms, restricts its applications. A novel approach based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) is proposed to eliminate speckle noise. Moving root-mean-square thresholds are used to cut off signal drop-outs. With both numerically simulated and experimentally acquired signals, the proposed EEMD-based approach reveals the true vibrations despite the low initial signal-to-noise ratio. Other methods fail to eliminate the speckle noise. In physical experiments, the despeckled signal energy is concentrated at defect locations in the Hilbert–Huang spectrum. The identified damage locations agree well with the actual damage locations. Therefore, the developed approach demonstrates advantages and robustness of eliminating speckle noise in LDVom signals for damage inspection.
A simple, robust and scalable route to prepare sub-50 nm soft PDMS nanoparticles for intracellular delivery of anticancer drugs
Authors: Maparu Auhin Kumar , Singh Prerana , Rai Beena , Sharma Ashutosh , Sivakumar Sri 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Soft nanoparticles (NPs) have recently emerged as a promising material for intracellular drug delivery. In this regard, NPs derived from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), an FDA approved polymer can be a suitable alternative to conventional soft NPs due to their intrinsic organelle targeting ability. However, the available synthesis methods of PDMS NPs are complicated or require inorganic fillers, forming composite NPs and compromising their native softness. Herein, for the first time, we present a simple, robust and scalable strategy for preparation of virgin sub-50 nm PDMS NPs at room temperature. The NPs are soft in nature, hydrophobic and about 30 nm in size. They are stable in physiological medium for two months and biocompatible. The NPs have been successful in delivering anticancer drug doxorubicin to mitochondria and nucleus of cervical and breast cancer cells with more than four-fold decrease in IC50 value of doxorubicin as compared to its free form. Furthermore, evaluation of cytotoxicity in reactive oxygen species detection, DNA fragmentation, apoptosis-associated gene expression and tumor spheroid growth inhibition demonstrate the PDMS NPs to be an excellent candidate for delivery of anticancer drugs in mitochondria and nucleus of cancer cells.