bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poroelastic plant-inspired structures & materials to sense, regulate flow, and move
Authors: Louf Jean-François , Alexander Symone L M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Despite their lack of a nervous system and muscles, plants are able to feel, regulate flow, and move. Such abilities are achieved through complex multi-scale couplings between biology, chemistry, and physics, making them difficult to decipher. A promising approach is to decompose plant responses in different blocks that can be modeled independently, and combined later on for a more holistic view. In this perspective, we examine the most recent strategies for designing plant-inspired soft devices that leverage poroelastic principles to sense, manipulate flow, and even generate motion. We will start at the organism scale, and study how plants can use poroelasticity to carry information in-lieu of a nervous system. Then, we will go down in size and look at how plants manage to passively regulate flow at the microscopic scale using valves with encoded geometric non-linearities. Lastly, we will see at an even smaller scale, at the nanoscopic scale, how fibers orientation in plants’ tissues allow them to induce motion using water instead of muscles.
Design, Development and Testing of Battery Electric Vehicle Sprayer
Authors: Karale D S , Shinde Ankita , Awate N P , Thakare S H 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
To reduce the dependency on the fossil fuels a low-cost Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) sprayer was developed in the present investigation which has a boom sprayer attachment and battery electric vehicle as a prime mover. The developed system has high uniformity of spray, the spray distribution along with the swath and easy to adjust height of boom over a target crop. The developed BEV sprayer was tested in the laboratory and on the experimental field for optimization of the operating parameters for green gram crop. It was observed that an electric motor of 1 kW, 48 V, BLDC capable to propelled the vehicle. The forward speed studied for optimization of spray nozzles were 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 km/h and nozzles were tested at the operating pressures of 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 kg/cm2 with orifice diameters of 0.6 mm, 0.8 mm, and 1.0 mm in the experimental field. The RSM results showed that the optimized performance of the sprayer with 0.8 mm orifice size nozzle on 3.0 kg/cm2 pressure and at a forward speed of 2.5 km/h for the green gram crop. The field tests were carried out on the optimized parameters it was observed that the effective field capacity of the sprayer was 1.09 ha/h with field efficiency of 79.81 per cent.
Design and Development of Portable Manure Spreading Trolley for Farmland
Authors: Bhajane Dewansh , Sambrey Mukul , Shukla Priyank , Chandravanshi Lokesh , Ramteke Sangharatna M. , Deshmukh Dheeraj S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
As per regular requirement for farming work farm-land preparation is done by spreading manure includes cow dung. In our country India, tractors or bullock carts are preferred to carry the manure from the compost place to the farm land and manure/cow dung is stack piled in the field.[1] Farming procedures with organic farming are broadly used and adoptable for many types of lands in several regions in India.[2] Due to high increasing cost of labours, use of manpower for the purpose of organic materials are uneconomical as time requirement for this is also more.
In this work, objectives are defined, design of mechanism, development of Portable Manure Spreading Trolley is done and illustrated in this paper. The developed machine is tested and shows satisfactory performance for the specified designed parameters.
Exploration of the factors affecting the performance of the ceiling fan: A brief review
Authors: Wandre Rubal , Gaddi Faizan A. , Dongre Vaibhav , Hasija Sahaj , Ullah Inayat 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Ceiling fans are one of the most common appliances that are used for commercial as well as domestic purposes. This paper provides a thorough review of the literature on ceiling fan design, aerodynamics, construction, and other features. The work intends to foster a fundamental understanding of the factors associated with ceiling fans such as the shape of the ceiling fan, investigation of the flow field of a ceiling fan, aerodynamics and structural analysis of ceiling fans for different blade materials, and noise reduction techniques. This paper will assist the researchers and manufacturers by providing the crucial information related to ceiling fan in a comprehensive manner so that future research could advance in appropriate direction.
Automated Sanitizing Machine for Recording Thermal Detection and Hygiene Application
Authors: Kamble Prashant D. , Fulzele Ketan , Shahare Nikhil , Rane Ritik , Sahare Shilpa B. , Gaidhani Yashika 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A multipurpose automatic disinfection booth is an automated, non-contact, alcohol-based disinfection station, which finds its use in hospitals, work, premises, offices, schools, and other relevant places. It serves multiple purposes of sanitizing not only the human body but all of the components they are carrying. By using UV lights, it sanitizes the whole object or accessories carried by a person. Along with this functioning, it also provides a fully automated hand sanitizing mechanism which is followed by temperature detection of the person entering the machine, and it is loaded with smart sensors to take appropriate decisions. It has a security mechanism in form of a barricade to restrict the potentially unwanted person from entering. Also, it stores data of the person in form of an image for security purposes along with providing free energy.
Productivity enhancement by using VSM tools in farm equipment manufacturing company
Authors: Khubalkar Hemant , Jibhakate Rahul A , Walke PV , Kadu Rajendra 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Lean manufacturing improves product quality and productivity, minimizes takt time, manufacturing waste, and inventory and eradicates NVA activities. company victimization the quality methodology and it’s featured the heaps of disadvantage in terms of high takt times, in correct line levelling, high transportation, and material handling, etc. the foremost objective of this analysis is to increase the productivity by victimization lean tools like, scrutiny, work standardization through time and time-and-motion study, and line levelling to attenuate the wastages that’s found in company, and it helps to company to increase market demand. Among the investigation, high work-in-process, poor line levelling, high cycle time and production interval, unbalance work distribution/assignment, among the corporate area unit ascertained. once implementation of some lean tools, cycle time is reduced to twenty initial, cycle time is balanced with takt time, 12.3 min. being the standard cycle time of product, production takt time decreases by eighteen whereas production can increase by thirty third. Some new manufacturing processes area unit typically applied to urge improved product quality and involving further workers to spice up manufacturing processes, the merchandise of company. The profit of the company is in addition enlarged to spice up the quality product and minimum delivery time, and shopper satisfaction has in addition been considered in addition.
A review of effect on metallurgical properties of friction stir welding using high entropy alloy
Authors: Shende M D , Bombate A S , Kumbhare M N , Dhabale C R , Shukla S S 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The work summarizes the review of use of High Entropy Alloy in the Friction Stir Welding. When High Entropy Alloy is utilized in the Friction Stir Welding the resultant mechanical, metallurgical as well as corrosive properties show the influence of HEA base material properties. The Process used to obtain HEA provides base properties affecting the microstructural impact due to heat generation in FSW. Taking into account HEA, FSW too improve the welding properties of the material. The grain size was affected by heat generation and pressure of rotational as well as transverse speed, and could be differentiated in different zones (SZ, HAZ, and TMAZ) and sides (advancing, retreating, top, and bottom). Results of misorentation, HABs, and LABs were influences by the type of recrystallization. GGAE are associated to HABs and SFE to heating phenomenon, so overall it is HEA reaction to the heat generation in different areas and its effects seen in recrystallization of grains.
Higher ultraviolet skin reflectance signals submissiveness in the anemonefish, Amphiprion akindynos
Authors: Mitchell Laurie J , Cortesi Fabio , Marshall N Justin , Cheney Karen L 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) vision is widespread among teleost fishes, of which many exhibit UV skin colors for communication. However, aside from its role in mate selection, few studies have examined the information UV signaling conveys in other socio-behavioral contexts. Anemonefishes (subfamily, Amphiprioninae) live in a fascinating dominance hierarchy, in which a large female and male dominate over non-breeding subordinates, and body size is the primary cue for dominance. The iconic orange and white bars of anemonefishes are highly UV-reflective, and their color vision is well tuned to perceive the chromatic contrast of skin, which we show here decreases in the amount of UV reflectance with increasing social rank. To test the function of their UV-skin signals, we compared the outcomes of staged contests over dominance between size-matched Barrier Reef anemonefish (Amphiprion akindynos) in aquarium chambers viewed under different UV-absorbing filters. Fish under UV-blocking filters were more likely to win contests, where fish under no-filter or neutral-density filter were more likely to submit. For contests between fish in no-filter and neutral density filter treatments, light treatment had no effect on contest outcome (win/lose). We also show that sub-adults were more aggressive toward smaller juveniles placed under a UV filter than a neutral density filter. Taken together, our results show that UV reflectance or UV contrast in anemonefish can modulate aggression and encode dominant and submissive cues, when changes in overall intensity are controlled for.
P17 Acute cholecystectomy service quality improvement
Authors: Hammer CP , O'Brien J , Pencavel T 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Early cholecystectomy &lt;8 days from acute biliary presentation results in improved outcomes. Guidelines suggest &gt;80% of eligible patients should undergo this. Following CholeQuic-ER, evaluating biliary care nationally, HES for this trust showed 20% compliance.

Methods
Prior to CholeQuic-ER, audits evaluated current practice - referrals, cholecystectomy &lt;8 days, elective waiting lists (WL), HES compared with clinical practice, weekend abdominal ultrasound service (USS). Interventions included stakeholder consultation (A&E/radiology/surgeons/theatre). A pathway encompassing current guidelines was disseminated via education, trust induction and a protocol including increased USS provision (4 weekday and 2 weekend patients/ day), theatre (1 session/week) and senior clinician led coding. Service was re-evaluated.

Results
Audit of HES showed 60% of patients were incorrectly coded. Of correctly coded, 58% of eligible patients received cholecystectomy &lt;8 days. 21% of patients on WL had previous attendance(s) for biliary pathology, 39% were not referred for surgery. 70% of biliary weekend USS requests were not performed. Areas for improvement are referral for surgery, timely USS, theatre capacity and coding. Post intervention, 100% of eligible patients underwent cholecystectomy &lt;8 days (joint-best UK outcome). No patients on WL had an emergency admission. Our ‘Best in Study’ award from CholeQuic-ER was confirmed with HES.

Conclusion
Results confirm significant quality improvement for patients presenting with acute biliary pathology. From an initial 20% compliance rate according to HES (58% when corrected for coding error), we achieved 100% of eligible patients receiving cholecystectomy &lt;8 days. These interventions could be disseminated to gain better outcomes nationally.

Take-home message
This project showed significant quality improvement for patients presenting with acute biliary disease. These interventions could be disseminated to gain better outcomes for patients nationally.
O006 A randomised trial of normothermic machine perfusion versus static cold storage in donation after circulatory death renal transplantation
Authors: Hosgood SA , Callaghan C , Wilson C , Oniscu GC , Phillips BL , Bates L , Smith L , Nicholson ML 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Kidneys from donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors are more susceptible to cold storage (CS) injury and have a high risk of delayed graft function (DGF). This trial is the first to compare normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) to conventional CS in DCD kidney transplantation.

Methods
In a multicentre randomised control trial, DCD kidneys were randomised to either NMP or CS. NMP kidneys were perfused for 60min with an oxygenated red-cell-based solution (36.0°C) The primary end point was DGF defined as the requirement for dialysis in the first 7days post-transplant. Secondary outcome measures included renal function up to 12 months posttransplant and patient/ graft survival. For all outcome measures a logistic regression model was used adjusted for cold ischaemic time, donor age, left/right kidney and centre.

Results
February 2016-March 2020, 338 kidneys were randomised into the trial. Twenty-five kidneys did not undergo NMP due to logistical/technical difficulties but were included in an intention-to-treat analysis. Twenty-seven kidneys in the NMP and 21 in the CS group where not transplanted and excluded; 143 NMP and 147 CS kidneys were analysed. There was no significant difference in the rate of DGF (NMP 61% vs CS 58%; P=0.624). Secondary outcome measures demonstrated a significantly higher creatinine reduction ratio day 2(CRR2) (P=0.035) and significantly lower levels of serum creatinine across all timepoints in the NMP group (P=0.024).

Conclusion
A short end period of NMP did not reduce rates of DGF in DCD kidneys. Secondary outcome measures suggest that NMP may improve renal function.

Take-home message
This is the first randomised controlled trial of normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) in clinical transplantation. The results suggest that NMP may improve the renal function of DCD kidneys.
O007 Pancreas and islet transplantation in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 era
Authors: Counter C , Owen R , Sinha S , Muthusamy A , Drage M , Callaghan C , Elker D , Harper S , Sutherland A , Van Dellen D , Johnson P , Manas D , Shaw J , Forsythe J , Wilson C , Hughes S , Casey J , White S 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction
WHO declared a pandemic of COVID-19 in March 2020. This study analyses the impact of COVID-19 on beta-cell replacement therapy in the UK.

Methods
Pancreas and islet donation and transplant activity in the period March 2020/2021 was compared with the same period the previous year.

Results
2,180 patients had a functioning graft during March 2020/2021. 5.8%(n=126) tested positive for COVID-19 and two died (1%). In this period there was a 43% reduction in solid organ donors n=1,615, compared with the previous year, n=2,840. Of the 625 solid organ donors with a pancreas offered, 32% had the pancreas retrieved compared with 51% the previous period. 97 whole pancreas and islet transplants were performed in the UK down 54% from the prior period. Of the 84 pancreas transplant recipients; four tested positive for COVID-19 but none died, and two grafts failed within the first week from vascular thrombosis (neither were COVID-19 positive). Of the 13 SIK and islet alone transplant recipients, two tested positive for COVID-19 but neither died. Of these SIK transplants, one is known to have failed within a month and this is equivalent to that seen in the previous time period. To our knowledge, no patient receiving beta cell replacement therapy died of COVID during the first year of the pandemic despite immunosuppression.

Conclusion
In the UK, pancreas, and islet transplantation have continued during the pandemic at a lower rate. Outcomes following transplantation within the COVID era are, so far, similar to those in the period prior.

Take-home message
Outcomes following transplantation within the COVID era are, so far, similar to those in the period prior.
O020 Does real-time surgical training on auxiliary screens affect performance and cognitive demands during surgery? a randomised crossover study on VR-simulated laparoscopic cholecystectomies.
Authors: Winter Beatty J , Chidambaram S , Erridge S , Ortega PO , Sidhu HS , Souvatzi M , Sodergren M , Kinross J , Purkayastha S 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Technological innovations are pivotal to surgical training. It is unclear however, if these technologies deployed intra-operatively affect surgeon performance or cognitive burdens.

Methods
Ethical approval was gained from our institute. Forty-eight medical students, foundation, and core surgical doctors completed accredited eLearning on Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and basic laparoscopic skill modules on a VR-simulator. Operative workflows with step-by-step instructions to perform a level-1 laparoscopic cholecystectomy were prepared by expert surgeons. Participants were randomly allocated to complete the procedure with or without workflows, and then crossover twice, for a total of three cholecystectomies. After each simulation, participants completed a validated surgical task load index (SURG-TLX), measuring cognitive demands. After the study, they completed training evaluations. Screen-recordings of the procedures were blindly assessed by expert surgeons, using validated OSATS scores and procedure-specific performance and error scores (Eubanks et al, 1999). Statistical significance was defined with a p-value &lt;0.05.

Results
Demographics did not differ significantly between groups. At the final attempt, OSATS were slightly improved, but not significantly, when using workflows (19 v. 17, p=0.9); as were performance scores (72 v. 71.5, p=0.73) and error scores (17 v. 22, p=0.268). Surg-TLX scores were also reduced although only significantly for Temporary-Demands (p=0.037). Procedure time was longer in the workflow group (20.5 v. 14 minutes, p=0.033). Above 90% of participants agreed workflows were enjoyable, user-friendly and aided learning.

Conclusion
Real-time operative workflows are perceived as useful learning adjuncts and may diminish cognitive burdens. Further research is needed to confirm if workflows improve performance and diminish errors.

Take-home message
In a VR simulated procedure, intra-operative surgical workflows do not seem to affect surgeon cognitive burden. OSATS, performance and error scores may be improved but further research is needed.
O031 Machine learning models in renal transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of predictive performance in graft outcomes
Authors: Ravindhran B , Chandak P , Haroon U , Kundalia K , Ameen T , Woochan H , Zakri RH 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Kidney transplantation (KT) is currently the renal replacement therapy of choice for most patients with end-stage kidney disease. Despite many advancements, the variations in outcome and frequent occurrence of graft failure continue to pose important clinical and research challenges. The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review of the current application of Machine Learning (ML) models in KT and perform a meta-analysis of these models in the prediction of graft outcomes.

Methods
This review was registered with the PROSPERO database (CRD42021247469) and all peer reviewed and preprint original articles that reported the sensitivity and specificity of AI-based models were included in the meta-analysis. Data were analysed using MetaDTA,,an interactive online software for meta-analysis of diagnostic studies. The diagnostic performance of the meta-analysis was assessed by a summary receiver operating characteristics (sROC) plot.

Results
38 studies met the inclusion criteria for the review and 12 studies met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. The most common models used were artificial neural networks, decision trees and Bayesian belief networks. Seven studies compared the predictive performance of ML models with traditional regression methods. The summary sensitivity and specificity of ML-based models were 0.84 (95% CI, 0.72–0.91) and 0.68 (95% CI, 0.57–0.77), respectively. The area under the SROC for all the available evidence was 0.83. The Diagnostic Odds Ratio of ML models was 11.19 (95% CI 6.66–18.75).

Conclusion
Our study shows that ML models can accurately predict outcomes following KT by the integration of the vast amounts of available clinical data.

Take-home message
This study confirms the superior ability of ML Models in handling complex relationships between large datasets, features and outcomes, which has definitely led to improved precision and accuracy of outcomes.
O038 Digital consent: modernising data-sharing in surgery and empowering patients
Authors: Daliya P , Lobo DN , Parsons SL 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Despite the 2015 Montgomery Ruling highlighting key requisites for informed consent, little has changed to modernise data-sharing and documentation of the consent process. Although many practitioners provide supplementary information to support consent consultations it can be difficult to gauge patient understanding and address all patient concerns in time limited appointments. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a digital informed consent to address these issues.

Methods
All adult patients referred to a single centre with symptomatic gallstones were invited to use a digital consent platform prior to their first surgical clinic appointment. The platform provided patients with multimedia information on gallstones and available treatment options. It recorded the time spent accessing supplementary information, asked Patients Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs), documented a summary medical history, and allowed free text for patient questions. This information was summarised into a clinical report to support clinic consultations.

Results
349 patients registered to use the digital consent platform. 203 patients (58.2%) completed all modules necessary to generate a clinical report. 81.3% were female, with a mean age of 46.7 years (range 19–83 years). 130 patients (64.0%) answered all 10 MCQs correctly and spent a mean of 18.7 minutes (range 3–88 minutes) reading the consent information.

Conclusion
Despite difficulties with access resulting in proportionate drop-out, patients welcomed the opportunity to receive supplementary information digitally, prior to their consultation. Patients described feeling empowered and better informed to be involved in decision-making. Clinicians also welcomed the process in improving the efficiency of consultations.

Take-home message
Digital data-sharing and digital consent can help to improve decision-making during clinical consultations for both patients and clinicians.