bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence-based practice in well-child care
Authors: De Schipper JJ , Hermans AJM , Jaarsma ADC , Noordik FW , Reijneveld SA 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEvidence-based practice (EBP) significantly improves the quality of healthcare, but its use in community pediatrics has not yet been proven. We aimed to assess how Dutch community pediatricians use scientific findings and apply evidence-based practice in everyday well-child care. We interviewed a purposive sample of 14 community pediatricians in the Netherlands regarding their professional activities in daily practice, focusing on instances in which their professional knowledge was insufficient to address the issue at hand. We transcribed the interviews verbatim, and coded them using ATLAS.ti software. We structured the information using template analysis. Community pediatricians relied largely on guidelines of their own profession. If these were not sufficient, they first consulted other medical specialists or colleagues, or used different sources that they considered reliable. They only rarely performed an EBP search, and if so, only for somatic problems. For psychosocial problems, they used a strategy of extensive interaction with clients and members of multidisciplinary teams. We identified five barriers to performing an EBP search: (1) a conviction that not every community pediatrician needs to be able to perform an EBP search; (2) a conviction that an EBP search is not suitable for psychosocial problems; (3) lack of confidence in one’s own abilities to perform an EBP search; (4) limited access to literature; (5) lack of time.Conclusions: Community pediatricians rely on professional guidelines; this indicates a need to keep these up-to-date and user-friendly. Furthermore, pediatricians should be better trained in performing EBP searches, and in working in multidisciplinary teams, especially for psychosocial problems.

What is Known:

• Conducting an evidence-based practice search is considered indispensable to determine the best management of the patient’s problem.

• Conducting such a search is still considered challenging in many medical disciplines, including pediatrics.

What is New:

• There is a need to strengthen skills of community pediatricians to find evidence on psychosocial problems and to present this effectively in multidisciplinary teams.

• The pediatricians’ broad use of other sources of evidence, like experts and online sources, shows the importance of critical evaluation skills.
Dynamic Split Tensile Strength of Basalt, Granite, Marble and Sandstone: Strain Rate Dependency and Fragmentation
Authors: Padmanabha Vivek , Schäfer Frank , Rae Auriol S. P. , Kenkmann Thomas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to understand the strength behaviour and fragment size of rocks during indirect, quasi-static and dynamic tensile tests. Four rocks with different lithological characteristics, namely: basalt, granite, sandstone, and marble were selected for this study. Brazilian disc experiments were performed over a range of strain rates from ~ 10–5 /s to 2.7 × 101 /s using a hydraulic loading frame and a split Hopkinson bar. Over the range of strain rates, our measurements of dynamic strength increase are in good agreement with the universal theoretical scaling relationship of (Kimberley et al., Acta Mater 61:3509–3521, 2013). Dynamic fragmentation during split tension mode failure has received little attention, and in the present study, we determine the fragment size distribution based on the experimentally fragmented specimens. The fragments fall into two distinct groups based on the nature of failure: coarser primary fragments, and finer secondary fragments. The degree of fragmentation is assessed in terms of characteristic strain rate and is compared with existing theoretical tensile fragmentation models. The average size of the secondary fragments has a strong strain rate dependency over the entire testing range, while the primary fragment size is less sensitive at lower strain rates. Marble and sandstone are found to generate more pulverised secondary debris when compared to basalt and granite. Furthermore, the mean fragment sizes of primary and secondary fragments are well described by a power-law function of strain rate.
Management of mixed cryoglobulinemia with rituximab: evidence and consensus-based recommendations from the Italian Study Group of Cryoglobulinemia (GISC)
Authors: Quartuccio Luca , Bortoluzzi Alessandra , Scirè Carlo Alberto , Marangoni Antonio , Del Frate Giulia , Treppo Elena , Castelnovo Laura , Saccardo Francesco , Zani Roberta , Candela Marco , Fraticelli Paolo , Mazzaro Cesare , Renoldi Piero , Scaini Patrizia , Filippini Davide Antonio , Visentini Marcella , Scarpato Salvatore , Giuggioli Dilia , Mascia Maria Teresa , Sebastiani Marco , Zignego Anna Linda , Lauletta Gianfranco , Fiorilli Massimo , Casato Milvia , Ferri Clodoveo , Pietrogrande Maurizio , Pioltelli Pietro Enrico , De Vita Salvatore , Monti Giuseppe , Galli Massimo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV) or mixed cryoglobulinemic syndrome (MCS) is a systemic small-vessel vasculitis characterized by the proliferation of B-cell clones producing pathogenic immune complexes, called cryoglobulins. It is often secondary to hepatitis C virus (HCV), autoimmune diseases, and hematological malignancies. CV usually has a mild benign clinical course, but severe organ damage and life-threatening manifestations can occur. Recently, evidence in favor of rituximab (RTX), an anti-CD 20 monoclonal antibody, is emerging in CV: nevertheless, questions upon the safety of this therapeutic approach, especially in HCV patients, are still being issued and universally accepted recommendations that can help physicians in MCS treatment are lacking. A Consensus Committee provided a prioritized list of research questions to perform a systematic literature review (SLR). A search was made in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane library, updated to August 2021. Of 1227 article abstracts evaluated, 27 studies were included in the SLR, of which one SLR, 4 RCTs, and 22 observational studies. Seventeen recommendations for the management of mixed cryoglobulinemia with rituximab from the Italian Study Group of Cryoglobulinemia (GISC) were developed to give a valuable tool to the physician approaching RTX treatment in CV.
The microstructural abnormalities of cingulum was related to patients with mild cognitive impairment: a diffusion kurtosis imaging study
Authors: Liu Yueyang , Liu Dongtao , Liu Mingyong , Li Kun , Shi Qinglei , Wang Chenlong , Pan Zhenyu , Zhou Lichun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective

Our study aimed to investigate the correlations between microstructural changes of cingulum and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) technique.

Method
A total of 104 patients with cerebral small vessel diseases (cSVD) were retrospectively enrolled in this study. According to Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) scores, these patients were divided into MCI group (n = 59) and non-MCI group (n = 45). The general clinical data was collected and analyzed. The regions of interests (ROIs) were selected for investigation in cingulum. The values of DKI parameters were measured in each ROI and compared between the two groups, the correlations between DKI parameters and MoCA scores were examined.

Results
Compared to non-MCI group, MCI patients had more severe white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) (P = 0.038) and lower MoCA scores (P < 0.01). MCI patients showed significantly decreased fractional anisotropy (FA), axial kurtosis (AK), mean kurtosis (MK), radial kurtosis (RK), and kurtosis fractional anisotropy (KFA) in the left cingulum in the cingulated cortex (CgC) region (all P < 0.0125). In the left CgC region, FA, AK, MK, RK, and KFA were positively correlated with MoCA scores (r = 0.348, 0.409, 0.310, 0.441, 0.422, all P < 0.001). Meanwhile, FA, AK, MK, RK, and KFA were also positively correlated with MoCA scores (r = 0.338, 0.352, 0.289, 0.380, 0.370, all P < 0.001) in the right CgC region.

Conclusion
DKI technique could be used to explore the microstructural changes of cingulum in MCI patients and DKI-derived parameters might be feasible to evaluate MCI patients.
Optimal MoCA cutoffs for detecting biologically-defined patients with MCI and early dementia
Authors: Ilardi Ciro Rosario , Menichelli Alina , Michelutti Marco , Cattaruzza Tatiana , Manganotti Paolo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
In this phase II psychometric study on the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), we tested the clinicometric properties of Italian norms for patients with mild cognitive impairment (PwMCI) and early dementia (PwD) and provided optimal cutoffs for diagnostic purposes.

Methods
Retrospective data collection was performed for consecutive patients with clinically and biologically defined MCI and early dementia. Forty-five patients (24 PwMCI and 21 PwD) and 25 healthy controls were included. Raw MoCA scores were adjusted according to the conventional 1-point correction (Nasreddine) and Italian norms (Conti, Santangelo, Aiello). The diagnostic properties of the original cutoff (< 26) and normative cutoffs, namely, the upper limits (uLs) of equivalent scores (ES) 1, 2, and 3, were evaluated. ROC curve analysis was performed to obtain optimal cutoffs.

Results
The original cutoff demonstrated high sensitivity (0.93 [95% CI 0.84–0.98]) but low specificity (0.44 [0.32–0.56]) in discriminating between patients and controls. Nominal normative cutoffs (ES0 uLs) showed excellent specificity (SP range = 0.96–1.00 [0.88–1.00]) but poor sensitivity (SE range = 0.09–0.24 [0.04–0.36]). The optimal cutoff for Nasreddine’s method was 23.50 (SE = 0.82 [0.71–0.90]; SP = 0.72 [0.60–0.82]). Optimal cutoffs were 20.97, 22.85, and 22.29 (SE range = 0.69–0.73 [0.57–0.83], SP range = 0.88–0.92 [0.77–0.97]) for Conti’s, Santangelo’s, and Aiello’s methods, respectively.

Conclusion
Using the 1-point correction, combined with a cutoff of 23.50, might be useful in ambulatory settings with a large turnout. Our optimal cutoffs can offset the poor sensitivity of Italian cutoffs.
Towards nonuniform distributions of unisolvent weights for high-order Whitney edge elements
Authors: Alonso Rodríguez Ana , Bruni Bruno Ludovico , Rapetti F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe propose to extend results on the interpolation theory for scalar functions to the case of differential k-forms. More precisely, we consider the interpolation of fields in $${\mathcal P}^-_r \varLambda ^k(T)$$

P

r
-

Λ
k

(
T
)

, the finite element spaces of trimmed polynomial k-forms of arbitrary degree $$r \ge 1$$

r
≥
1

, from their weights, namely their integrals on k-chains. These integrals have a clear physical interpretation, such as circulations along curves, fluxes across surfaces, densities in volumes, depending on the value of k. In this work, for $$k=1$$

k
=
1

, we rely on the flexibility of the weights with respect to their geometrical support, to study different sets of 1-chains in T for a high order interpolation of differential 1-forms, constructed starting from “good” sets of nodes for a high order multi-variate polynomial representation of scalar fields, namely 0-forms. We analyse the growth of the generalized Lebesgue constant with the degree r and preliminary numerical results for edge elements support the nonuniform choice, in agreement with the well-known nodal case.
Enhancing workplace competence acquisition through a persuasive system
Authors: Za Stefano , Scornavacca Eusebio , Pallud Jessie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe continuous development of individual competences is a fundamental instrument for organizations aiming to achieve long-term competitive advantage. Digital technologies can play a pivotal role in competence acquisition by facilitating the learning process. This paper describes the design, development, and evaluation process of a competence acquisition mobile app incorporating persuasive systems principles. A pilot study involving managers from an IT consulting firm was used to evaluate the artifact. This was followed by a full-scale deployment of the mobile app with management and staff of a supermarket chain. The results indicate that the use of the mobile app effectively improved users’ learning process outcomes, as well as their ability to deploy the new competence. Theoretical and practical contributions are discussed.
Home advantage and mispricing in indoor sports’ ghost games: the case of European basketball
Authors: De Angelis Luca , Reade J. James 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSeveral recent studies suggest that the home advantage, that is, the benefit competitors accrue from performing in familiar surroundings, was—at least temporarily—reduced in games played without spectators due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. These games played without fans during the Pandemic have been dubbed ‘ghost games’. However, the majority of the research to date focus on soccer and no contributions have been provided for indoor sports, where the effect of the support of the fans might have a stronger impact than in outdoor arenas. In this paper, we try to fill this gap by investigating the effect of ghost games in basketball with a special focus on the possible reduction of the home advantage due to the absence of spectators inside the arena. In particular, we test (i) for the reduction of the home advantage in basketball, (ii) whether such reduction tends to disappear over time, (iii) if the bookmakers promptly adapt to such structural change or whether mispricing was created on the betting market. The results from a large data set covering all seasons since 2004 for the ten most popular and followed basketball leagues in Europe show, on the one hand, an overall significant reduction of the home advantage of around 5% and no evidence that suggests that this effect has been reduced at as teams became more accustomed to playing without fans; on the other hand, bookmakers appear to have anticipated such effect and priced home win in basketball matches accordingly, thus avoiding creating mispricing on betting markets.
“I’m Often Alone”: An Ethnographic Study of School Loneliness and Bullying in a Swedish Elementary School
Authors: Strindberg Joakim 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite extensive work to prevent and reduce bullying interactions, bullying is still a prevalent problem in many schools. Children and youth also report that they feel involuntarily left out in school. While research has demonstrated the ways in which school bullying is connected to risk factors across different ecological layers or contexts, relatively little consideration has been given to aspects beyond the individuals directly involved in bullying situations, such as the exo, and macrosystem layers.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine three pupils’ experiences of school loneliness and bullying. The following questions guided the study: (1) What are the pupils’ experiences of school loneliness and bullying? (2) How can the pupils’ experiences of school loneliness and bullying be understood beyond the individuals directly involved in the bullying situations?MethodThe research is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted at one Swedish elementary school including 34 pupils and 7 teachers in two sixth-grade classes (i.e., ages 11–12). The findings presented in this article are based on a group interview with three pupils about their experiences of school loneliness and bullying. The interview responses are put into perspective using findings from the ethnographic fieldwork. The findings were analysed using methods from constructivist grounded theory and through the lens of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory of human development as well as critical bullying studies.ResultsThe findings of this study demonstrate the ways bullying interactions are tied to the different layers, or “settings”, of the bullying ecology as the pupils draw from a range of differential points of reference so as to socially evaluate themselves, their classmates, and their peers.ConclusionsAn important conclusion of the study is for principals, teachers, and other school personnel to consider more thoroughly the interdependent interplay of the bullying ecology.
Application of Pencil Lead Break (PLB) Point Source in the Detection of Interfacial Defects in Adhesive Bonds
Authors: Prathuru Anil , Faisal Nadimul , Steel John , Jihan Sha 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe presence of kissing bonds (zero-thickness disbond) along the interface of an adhesive bond is highly detrimental to its strength and longevity. The detection of these kind of defects has previously been attempted using several techniques such as ultrasonic, infrared thermography, and X-ray spectroscopy, etc. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of pencil lead break (PLB) tests as a source in detecting the defects distributed along the interface of an adhesive bond. The defects were introduced artificially using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) spray along one of the interfaces of the adhesive bond fabricated with aluminium plates bonded with an epoxy adhesive. Three different interfacial defect area percentages, 0%, 25% and 40% and three adhesive layer thicknesses (i.e., 0.1 mm, 0.25 mm, and 0.5 mm) were considered. The PLB tests were conducted, and the recorded signals were analysed to assess the variation of AE features with the defect area percentage and adhesive layer thicknesses. Different source-sensor location configurations were also considered. The 200 kHz-highpass component of the recorded signals was found to be sensitive to the presence of the interfacial defects. The duration above a chosen threshold was found to be the distinguishing factor between the different defective specimens. Of the different sensor-source configurations tried, the configurations with the PLB on the 0.5 mm side were seen to be sensitive to the presence of defects.
A 5-year trend in the use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and other oral antidiabetic drugs in a Middle Eastern country
Authors: Zaghloul Nancy , Awaisu Ahmed , Mahfouz Ahmed , Alyafei Sumaya , Elewa Hazem 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are a novel class of oral antidiabetic drugs. To date, there are no pharmacoepidemiologic studies investigating the pattern of use of SGLT2is compared to other oral antidiabetic drugs in the Middle East, including Qatar.

Aim
This study aimed to explore the trends in the use of SGLT2is compared to other oral antidiabetic drugs in Qatar from 2016 to 2020.

Method
This is a descriptive, retrospective cross-sectional study where information on all oral antidiabetic drugs dispensed as in- or out-patient prescriptions from 2016 to 2020 in Hamad Medical Corporation hospitals, Qatar were collected. Outcomes included the number and relative frequency of quarterly prescriptions of different oral antidiabetic drug classes [biguanides, sulfonylureas, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, meglitinides, α-glucosidase inhibitors, and SGLT2is] prescribed from 2016 to 2020.

Results
SGLT2is prescriptions increased from 1045 (2.13%) in 2017 to 8375 (12.39%) in 2020, while sulfonylureas prescriptions declined from 10,436 (21.25%) to 9158 (13.55%) during the same period. Metformin use decreased from 23,926 (48.71%) in 2017 to 30,886 (45.70%) in 2020. The proportions of thiazolidinediones, meglitinides, α-glucosidase inhibitors prescriptions remained stable over the years. Among SGLT2is, empagliflozin prescriptions showed an increase from 537 (10.65%) to 2881 (34.40%) compared to dapagliflozin, which decreased by the end of 2018 from 4505 (89.35%) to 5494 (65.6%).

Conclusion
SGLT2is have largely replaced sulfonylureas in Qatar. The increasing trend in their use over the years is similar to that reported in other countries. The trend among SGLT2is suggests greater preference for empagliflozin over dapagliflozin.
Neonicotinoid exposure in Tricolored Blackbirds (Agelaius tricolor)
Authors: Graves Emily E. , Meese Robert J. , Holyoak Marcel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There is increasing awareness of the negative ecological and environmental effects of widespread use of pesticides on the landscape. Spillover or drift of pesticides from agricultural areas has been shown to impact species health, reproduction, and trophic dynamics through both direct and indirect mechanisms. Neonicotinoid insecticides are associated with observed declines of insectivorous and grassland birds, and these environmental pollutants are a significant conservation concern for many species that have experienced past or current population declines. Due to the high efficacy of these modern insecticides in depressing local insect populations, insectivorous birds can be negatively impacted by a pesticide-mediated reduction in food supply. Neonicotinoids may act synergistically with other stressors, such as habitat loss, to exacerbate threats to species or population viability. The Tricolored Blackbird is an insectivorous grassland bird of conservation concern in California, USA. Due to the high association of this species with agricultural habitats, we sought to quantify the amount of neonicotinoid residues in Tricolored Blackbird carcasses as a first step in assessing how this species may be impacted by pesticides. Out of 85 salvaged carcasses sampled (N = 24 adults, N = 3 fledglings, and N = 58 nestlings), only two contained detectable levels of target compounds. These were an adult and one nestling that contained clothianidin residue (40 ppb and 7 ppb, respectively); both of these birds were salvaged from breeding colonies associated with dairy farms in Kern County, California. We suggest that further work is needed to assess neonicotinoid exposure of Tricolored Blackbirds in dairy-associated breeding colonies.
Effect of cold stratification on the temperature range for germination of Pinus koraiensis
Authors: Song Yuan , Li Xinghuan , Zhang Mingyi , Xia Guowei , Xiong Chao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGermination at low spring temperatures may offer a competitive advantage for the growth and survival of plant species inhabiting temperate forest ecosystems. Pinus koraiensis is a dominant species in temperate forests of northeastern China. Its seeds exhibit primary morphophysiological dormancy following dispersal in autumn, limiting natural or artificial regeneration: direct seeding and planting seedlings in spring. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum cold stratification temperature that induces germination to increase towards lower temperatures. Seeds from two populations (Changbaishan and Liangshui) were cold stratified at 0, 5 and 10 °C. Germination to incubation temperatures (10/5, 20/10, 25/15 and 30/20 °C; 14/10 h day/night) were determined after 2 and 4 weeks, and 5.5 and 6.5 months of cold stratification. After 5.5 months, approximately 68–91% of seeds from both populations germinated at incubation temperatures of 25/15 °C and 30/20 °C, regardless of cold stratification temperatures. When the cold stratification temperature was reduced to 0 °C and the period increased to 6.5 months, germination at 10/5 °C significantly improved, reaching 37% and 64% for the Changbaishan and Liangshui populations, respectively. After 6.5 months of cold stratification, there was a significant linear regression between cold stratification temperatures and germination at 10/5 °C. The range in temperatures allowing for germination gradually expanded to include lower temperatures with decreasing cold stratification temperatures from 10 to 5 °C and further to 0 °C.