bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Numerical Model Predicted Float Trajectories by Deep Learning
Authors: Shen Dongliang , Bao Shaowu , Pietrafesa Lenard J. , Gayes Paul 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Lagrangian tracking approach is often used in numerical modeling (NM) to simulate and predict the movement of marine particles such as plastic, oil spills, and floating wreckage. The uncertainties in NM reduce prediction accuracy as a result of the coarse temporal and spatial resolution, along with waves, winds, and currents. From 29 August to 22 December 2020, the United States Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's Ocean of Things program deployed 422 floating drifters in the Gulf of Mexico, providing an opportunity of using the observed trajectories as ground truth to train Artificial Intelligence (AI) models to correct NM float trajectory predictions. A Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS) and AI Hybrid model was developed to implement AI to correct the ROMS‐predicted 1‐day float trajectories. The AI model is built on a convolutional neural network and Gated Recurrent Unit. The results of the ROMS‐AI Hybrid model show that 82.0% of the trajectory predictions were improved at the 24 hr, with the corresponding overall mean separation error decreasing by 11.82 km, from 20.56 to 8.74 km, which is a 57% improvement, and the error growth rate decreasing from 5.06 km per 6 hr to 1.95 km per 6 hr. The evident improvement indicates that the ROMS‐AI Hybrid model can correct the ROMS simulation to improve the 1‐day prediction of the float trajectories and shows great potential to predict the cluster of the floats.
Global Constraints on Intermediate‐Depth Intraslab Stresses From Slab Geometries and Mechanisms of Double Seismic Zone Earthquakes
Authors: Sippl C. , Dielforder A. , John T. , Schmalholz S. M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDouble seismic zones (DSZs), parallel planes of intermediate‐depth earthquakes inside oceanic slabs, have been observed in a number of subduction zones and may be a ubiquitous feature of downgoing oceanic plates. Focal mechanism observations from DSZ earthquakes sample the intraslab stress field at two distinct depth levels within the downgoing lithosphere. A pattern of downdip compressive over downdip extensive events was early on interpreted to indicate an unbending‐dominated intraslab stress field. In the present study, we show that the intraslab stress field in the depth range of DSZs is much more variable than previously thought. Compiling DSZ locations and mechanisms from literature, we observe that the “classical” pattern of compressive over extensive events is only observed at about half of the DSZ locations around the globe. The occurrence of extensional mechanisms across both planes accounts for most other regions. To obtain an independent estimate of the bending state of slabs at intermediate depths, we compute (un)bending estimates from slab geometries taken from the slab2 compilation of slab surface depths. We find no clear global prevalence of slab unbending at intermediate depths, and the occurrence of DSZ seismicity does not appear to be limited to regions of slab (un)bending. Focal mechanism observations are frequently inconsistent with (un)bending estimates from slab geometries, which may imply that bending stresses are not always prevalent, and that other stress types such as in‐plane tension due to slab pull or shallow compression due to friction along the plate interface may also play an important role.
CO2‐Rich Rejuvenated Stage Lavas on Hawaiian Islands
Authors: Zhang Guoliang , Wang Shuai , Huang Shichun , Zhan Mingjun , Yao Junhua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSedimentary carbonates are sent to the deep mantle if they are not completely destroyed at subduction zones, and subducted carbonates may contribute to plume volcanism. To better constrain the role of recycled carbonates in Hawaiian volcanism, we report high‐precision olivine and whole‐rock geochemical compositions of shield and rejuvenated stage lavas from Kauai, Oahu and Maui Islands. The studied rejuvenated stage whole‐rocks have low SiO2 and high CaO concentrations, and are depleted in high field strength elements, such as, Nb and Zr, consistent with a role of carbonated melt. Rejuvenated stage olivines have Ni abundance lower than and CaO and MnO contents similar to those of shield stage at a given Fo. The calculated partition coefficients of Ca () and Mn () between olivine and shield melts are consistent with those of a dry melt system. However, the low and for rejuvenated lavas can only be explained by a volatile‐rich melt system. Based on the observed and in rejuvenated lavas, and considering the effect of H2O, our modeling calculation shows that rejuvenated primary magmas contain up to ∼10 wt% CO2, indicating a CO2‐rich mantle source. Using olivine‐spinel aluminum exchange thermometry, we show that the rejuvenated primary magma temperatures are similar to those of shield stage. We posit that the CO2‐rich rejuvenated stage lavas with lower olivine Ni than those of shield stage lavas were originated from melting of carbonated peridotites in the plume. The carbonated melts that metasomatized the peridotites were likely derived from subducted ancient carbonate‐bearing lithospheric mantle.
Nitrogen Deposition Drives Response and Recovery in the Context of Precipitation Change and Its Reversal in an Arid Ecosystem
Authors: Yu Hongying , Liu Xiaodi , Ma Quanhui , Li Lang , Wu Wenjuan , Qi Miao , Li Yibo , Zhang Feng , Wang Yuhui , Zhou Guangsheng , Xu Zhenzhu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClimatic change profoundly impacts terrestrial ecosystem function and structure. However, it remains unclear how an entire ecosystem responds to precipitation fluctuations in relation to nitrogen (N) deposition, especially in arid ecosystems. A field experiment was conducted in a desert steppe over the course of 4 years to determine plant community and belowground responses to precipitation alteration and a subsequent precipitation regime reversal treatment under increased N addition, with an initial 3‐year precipitation regime manipulation period followed by a fourth‐year reversal. The aboveground net primary production (ANPP) significantly increased with increased precipitation, particularly at high N levels. However, the precipitation regime reversal treatment in the final year reversed the ANPP effects induced by the previous precipitation alteration. Soil microbial carbon and N content significantly increased with increasing precipitation, whereas the precipitation reversal in the final year partly eliminated the soil microbial effects produced by this previous precipitation alteration. Plant community composition shifted under both the precipitation and N treatments, with a few critical species playing crucial roles. The response ratio (initial treatment vs. control) of ANPP increased with increased precipitation during the first 3 years. Both the resilience (precipitation regime reversal treatment vs. control) and the limitation or promotion index (LPI, precipitation reversal treatment vs. initial treatment) of NPP were relatively high under the initial low precipitation and the final high precipitation regimes. Structural equation modeling in particular illustrated that the precipitation alteration treatments made greater contributions to the response ratio, resilience and LPI of the NPP than did N deposition via either the soil microbial levels or the plant diversity index. We should therefore consider both vegetation productivity and its compositional shift, as well as the associations with soil microbes under contrasting environmental changes, to accurately assess and predict the responses of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change.
Mixed‐Precision for Linear Solvers in Global Geophysical Flows
Authors: Ackmann Jan , Dueben Peter D. , Palmer Tim , Smolarkiewicz Piotr K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSemi‐implicit (SI) time‐stepping schemes for atmosphere and ocean models require elliptic solvers that work efficiently on modern supercomputers. This paper reports our study of the potential computational savings when using mixed precision arithmetic in the elliptic solvers. Precision levels as low as half (16 bits) are used and a detailed evaluation of the impact of reduced precision on the solver convergence and the solution quality is performed. This study is conducted in the context of a novel SI shallow‐water model on the sphere, purposely designed to mimic numerical intricacies of modern all‐scale weather and climate (W&C) models. The governing algorithm of the shallow‐water model is based on the non‐oscillatory MPDATA methods for geophysical flows, whereas the resulting elliptic problem employs a strongly preconditioned non‐symmetric Krylov‐subspace Generalized Conjugated‐Residual (GCR) solver, proven in advanced atmospheric applications. The classical longitude/latitude grid is deliberately chosen to retain the stiffness of global W&C models. The analysis of the precision reduction is done on a software level, using an emulator, whereas the performance is measured on actual reduced precision hardware. The reduced‐precision experiments are conducted for established dynamical‐core test‐cases, like the Rossby‐Haurwitz wavenumber 4 and a zonal orographic flow. The study shows that selected key components of the elliptic solver, most prominently the preconditioning and the application of the linear operator, can be performed at the level of half precision. For these components, the use of half precision is found to yield a speed‐up of a factor 4 compared to double precision for a wide range of problem sizes.
Exploring attitudes towards more sustainable dentistry among adults living in the UK
Authors: Baird Harriet M. , Mulligan Steven , Webb Thomas L. , Baker Sarah R. , Martin Nicolas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroduction Despite evidence that public pressure can promote sustainability in various domains (for example, retail and travel), no research has considered the public's attitudes towards sustainability in dentistry.Methods A questionnaire was developed to measure attitudes towards sustainable dentistry among adults living in the UK and their willingness to make compromises to reduce the impact of their dental treatment on the environment. In total, 344 adults completed the questionnaire that also measured pro-environmental identity and concern, general willingness to make compromises for the environment, and the tendency to engage in ecological behaviours.Results Participants reported positive attitudes towards sustainable dentistry, and were willing to compromise their time, convenience and durability of their dental treatment, as well as pay more, to reduce the impact of their dental work on the environment. Participants were not willing to compromise their health or the aesthetics of their teeth. There was also evidence that participants' current oral health shaped their attitudes towards sustainable dentistry, such that better oral health was associated with more positive attitudes towards more sustainable dentistry.Conclusions Given that public pressure can be a significant driver of change, these findings provide valuable insight into the kind of compromises that may be accepted by the public in order to improve the sustainability of dental services.
Post-diagnostic health behaviour scores in relation to fatal prostate cancer
Authors: Graff Rebecca E. , Langlais Crystal S. , Van Blarigan Erin L. , Pernar Claire H. , Stampfer Meir J. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Mucci Lorelei A. , Chan June M. , Kenfield Stacey A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Individual health behaviours have been associated with fatal prostate cancer (PCa). Their combined association with fatal PCa after diagnosis is unknown.

Methods
This prospective cohort included 4518 men diagnosed with nonmetastatic PCa from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Exposures included a three-factor score integrating post-diagnostic fatal PCa risk factors (“2021 PCa Behaviour Score”), six-factor score integrating incident aggressive PCa risk factors (“2015 PCa Behaviour Score”), and two scores integrating recommendations for cancer prevention and survival, respectively. Multivariable Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for fatal PCa.

Results
Over a median 10.2 years, we observed 219 PCa deaths. Each additional point of one of the PCa-specific health behaviour scores (2015 PCa Behaviour Score) was associated with a 19% reduced fatal PCa risk (HR: 0.81, 95%CI: 0.68–0.97). The 2021 PCa Behaviour Score and scores integrating national recommendations were not associated with fatal PCa.

Conclusions
While a PCa-specific health behaviour score was associated with a reduced risk of fatal PCa, we did not otherwise observe strong evidence of associations between post-diagnostic scores and fatal PCa. Avoiding tobacco, healthy body size, and physical activity may decrease PCa death risk, but further research is needed to inform cancer survivorship recommendations.
Associations with baseline visual acuity in 12,414 eyes starting treatment for neovascular AMD
Authors: Relton S. D. , Chi G. C. , Lotery A. J. , West R. M. ,   Real world AMD treatment outcomes EMR User Group, Santiago C. , Devonport H. , Bailey C. , Dias I. , Scanlon P. , Downey L. , Pearce I. , Saedon H. , Talks S. J. , Mushtaq B. , Brand C. , McKibbin M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aims
To determine baseline visual acuity before the start of treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), compare median and visual acuity states between treatment sites and investigate the association of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics with baseline acuity.

Methods
Anonymised demographic and clinical data, collected as part of routine clinical care, were extracted from electronic medical records at treating National Health Service (NHS) Trusts. Analyses were restricted to eyes with baseline visual acuity recorded at treatment initiation. Associations with baseline acuity were investigated using multivariate linear regression.

Results
Analysis included 12,414 eyes of 9116 patients at 13 NHS Trusts. Median baseline acuity was LogMAR 0.46 (interquartile range = 0.26–0.80) and 34.5% of eyes had good acuity, defined as LogMAR ≤0.3. Baseline acuity was positively associated with second-treated eye status, younger age, lower socio-economic deprivation, independent living, and female sex. There was little evidence of association between baseline acuity and distance to the nearest treatment centre, systemic or ocular co-morbidity. Despite case-mix adjustments, there was evidence of significant variation of baseline visual acuity between sites.

Conclusions
Despite access to publicly funded treatment within the NHS, variation in visual acuity at the start of neovascular AMD treatment persists. Identifying the characteristics associated with poor baseline acuity, targeted health awareness campaigns, professional education, and pathway re-design may help to improve baseline acuity, the first eye gap, and visual acuity outcomes.
Plasma microRNA and metabolic changes associated with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ohlstrom Denis J. , Sul Christina , Vohwinkel Christine U. , Hernandez-Lagunas Laura , Karimpour-Fard Anis , Mourani Peter M. , Carpenter Todd C. , Nozik Eva S. , Sucharov Carmen C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAcute respiratory distress syndrome is a heterogeneous pathophysiological process responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in pediatric intensive care patients. Diagnosis is defined by clinical characteristics that identify the syndrome after development. Subphenotyping patients at risk of progression to ARDS could provide the opportunity for therapeutic intervention. microRNAs, non-coding RNAs stable in circulation, are a promising biomarker candidate. We conducted a single-center prospective cohort study to evaluate random forest classification of microarray-quantified circulating microRNAs in critically ill pediatric patients. We additionally selected a sub-cohort for parallel metabolomics profiling as a pilot study for concurrent use of miRNAs and metabolites as circulating biomarkers. In 35 patients (n = 21 acute respiratory distress, n = 14 control) 15 microRNAs were differentially expressed. Unsupervised random forest classification accurately grouped ARDS and control patients with an area under the curve of 0.762, which was improved to 0.839 when subset to only patients with bacterial infection. Nine metabolites were differentially abundant between acute respiratory distress and control patients (n = 4, both groups) and abundance was highly correlated with miRNA expression. Random forest classification of microRNAs differentiated critically ill pediatric patients who developed acute respiratory distress relative to those who do not. The differential expression of microRNAs and metabolites provides a strong foundation for further work to validate their use as a prognostic biomarker.
Proteomic analyses do not reveal subclinical inflammation in fatigued patients with clinically quiescent inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Bourgonje Arno R. , Wichers Sietse J. , Hu Shixian , van Dullemen Hendrik M. , Visschedijk Marijn C. , Faber Klaas Nico , Festen Eleonora A. M. , Dijkstra Gerard , Samsom Janneke N. , Weersma Rinse K. , Spekhorst Lieke M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFatigue is a common and clinically challenging symptom in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), occurring in ~ 50% of patients with quiescent disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether fatigue in patients with clinically quiescent IBD is reflected by circulating inflammatory proteins, which might reflect ongoing subclinical inflammation. Ninety-two (92) different inflammation-related proteins were measured in plasma of 350 patients with clinically quiescent IBD. Quiescent IBD was defined as clinical (Harvey-Bradshaw Index < 5 or Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index < 2.5) and biochemical remission (C-reactive protein < 5 mg/L and absence of anemia) at time of fatigue assessment. Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIF-R) concentrations were inversely associated with severe fatigue, also after adjustment for confounding factors (nominal P < 0.05). Although solely LIF-R showed weak ability to discriminate between mild and severe fatigue (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.53–0.69, P < 0.05), a combined set of the top seven (7) fatigue-associated proteins (all P < 0.10) was observed to have reasonable discriminative performance (AUC = 0.82 [95%CI: 0.74–0.91], P < 0.01). Fatigue in patients with IBD is not clearly reflected by distinct protein signatures, suggesting there is no subclinical inflammation defined by the studied inflammatory proteins. Future studies are warranted to investigate other proteomic markers that may reflect fatigue in clinically quiescent IBD.
Spatiotemporal changes of bacterial communities during a cyanobacterial bloom in a subtropical water source reservoir ecosystem in China
Authors: Huang Zhenhua , Jiang Cancan , Xu Shengjun , Zheng Xiaoxu , Lv Ping , Wang Cong , Wang Dongsheng , Zhuang Xuliang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCyanobacterial blooms, which not only threaten the health and stability of aquatic ecosystems but also influence the microbial community within, emerges as one of the most concerning problems in China. However, how cyanobacterial blooms affect the spatiotemporal variation of aquatic microbial communities remains relatively unclear. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing to investigate how the cyanobacterial and bacterial community spatiotemporally vary along with main cyanobacterial bloom phases in upstream rivers of a eutrophicated water source reservoir. Both cyanobacterial and bacterial diversities in each river were significantly lower (P < 0.05) during the bloom outbreak phase, showing the apparent influence of cyanobacterial bloom. Dominant cyanobacterial taxa included Cyanobacteriales and Synechococcales, and dominant bacterial taxa comprised Acinetobacter, CL500-29, hgcI clade, Limnohabitans, Flavobacterium, Rhodoluna, Porphyrobacter, Rhodobacter, Pseudomonas, and Rhizobiales, whose changes of relative abundance along with the bloom indicated distinct community composition. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis proved that community composition had significant difference amongst bloom phases. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) with LDA effect size analysis (LEfSe) identified unique dominant cyanobacterial and bacterial OTUs at different phases in each river, indicating spatiotemporal variations of communities. Canonical correlation analysis or redundancy analysis revealed that at different bloom phases communities of each river had distinct correlation patterns with the environmental parameters (temperature, ammonium, nitrate, and total phosphorus etc.), implying the spatial variations of microbial communities. Overall, these results expand current understanding on the spatiotemporal variations of microbial communities due to cyanobacterial blooms. Microbial interactions during the bloom may shed light on controlling cyanobacterial blooms in the similar aquatic ecosystems.
Monitoring longitudinal disease progression in a novel murine Kit tumor model using high-field MRI
Authors: Kraiger Markus , Klein-Rodewald Tanja , Rathkolb Birgit , Calzada-Wack Julia , Sanz-Moreno Adrián , Fuchs Helmut , Wolf Eckhard , Gailus-Durner Valérie , de Angelis Martin Hrabě 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnimal models are an indispensable platform used in various research disciplines, enabling, for example, studies of basic biological mechanisms, pathological processes and new therapeutic interventions. In this study, we applied magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to characterize the clinical picture of a novel N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced Kit-mutant mouse in vivo. Seven C3H KitN824K/WT mutant animals each of both sexes and their littermates were monitored every other month for a period of twelve months. MRI relaxometry data of hematopoietic bone marrow and splenic tissue as well as high-resolution images of the gastrointestinal organs were acquired. Compared with controls, the mutants showed a dynamic change in the shape and volume of the cecum and enlarged Peyer´s patches were identified throughout the entire study. Mammary tumors were observed in the majority of mutant females and were first detected at eight months of age. Using relaxation measurements, a substantial decrease in longitudinal relaxation times in hematopoietic tissue was detected in mutants at one year of age. In contrast, transverse relaxation time of splenic tissue showed no differences between genotypes, except in two mutant mice, one of which had leukemia and the other hemangioma. In this study, in vivo MRI was used for the first time to thoroughly characterize the evolution of systemic manifestations of a novel Kit-induced tumor model and to document the observable organ-specific disease cascade.