bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Тенденції застосування сил і засобів аерокосмічної розвідки у воєнних конфліктах сучасності
Authors: Мосов С. 
Published: November 2022

Найбільш характерною рисою сучасної збройної боротьби військові експерти вважають значну активність і високу оперативність розвідки. Досвід військових операцій свідчить про зростання уваги зарубіжних країн до ефекту від комплексування усіх видів розвідки на всіх етапах ведення бойових дій. На основі аналізу світового досвіду воєнних конфліктів сучасності досліджено застосування сил і засобів аерокосмічної розвідки, переважна роль якої обумовлена переносом воєнних дій у повітряно-космічний простір. Зазначено, що розвідувальним засобам (системам) аерокосмічної розвідки на сучасному етапі розвитку збройної боротьби відводиться не просто переважна роль, вони фактично розглядаються в якості системо утворюючих воєнно-технічних інструментів ведення збройної боротьби.
Метою статті зазначено визначення основних тенденцій, притаманних аерокосмічній розвідці в локальних війнах і збройних конфліктах сучасності.
До складу таких тенденцій у результаті проведених досліджень віднесено: комплексне застосування сил та засобів (систем) різних видів розвідки; спільне застосування космічних апаратів розвідки та спостереження; інтеграція засобів повітряної та космічної розвідок із засобами ураження противника; зменшення часу від моменту добування даних засобами аерокосмічної розвідки до моменту їх надання зацікавленим командним інстанціям; ведення повітряної розвідки за межами вогневих зон протиповітряної оборони; зростання ролі та кількості безпілотних літальних апаратів, що застосовуються для ведення повітряної розвідки та цілевказання; активне ведення розвідки задовго до початку бойових дій на стадії, коли воєнний конфлікт тільки починає назрівати.
Зроблено висновки, а також визначено перспективи розвитку сил і засобів аерокосмічної розвідки в системі забезпечення майбутніх воєнних конфліктів.
Vitamin D Status in Patients with Proximal Muscle Weakness
Authors: Bhuiyan Md Minhaj Uddin , Asha Ayesha Hoque , Hasan Mohammad Kamrul , Bhowmic Rajib , Siddiki Md Shahriar , Naafi Shah Mubdi Un , Chowdhury Md Faizul Islam 
Published: November 2022

Vitamin D deficiency has emerged as a concerning public health issue, and almost 25-50% of patients with proximal muscle weakness suffer for this deficiency. It has been documented that myopathy could be a presentation of hypovitaminosis D. Most often, it remains unnoticed or undiagnosed because muscle weakness develops gradually over the years. As fewer studies are available on this topic, the study was designed to assess the vitamin D status in patients presenting with proximal muscle weakness. This hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Inpatient and outpatient Department of Medicine of Dhaka Medical College Hospital for 6 months following approval of this protocol. The Ethical Review Committee approved the protocol, and informed written consent was obtained from all the patients. The patients were selected as per inclusion and exclusion criteria with the purposive sampling method. Data were collected by a preformed semi-structured questionnaire. Total 50 patients were included in the final analysis. Collected data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version-22 (SPSS). Among 50 patients, 70% were females and mean age was 58.92 ± 12.3 years with a frequent age group> 65 years (46%), where more than two third (68%) of the respondents were from urban area. Among the study subjects, the majority of them had involvement of the lower limb muscles (54%) and one-fifth of them (20%) had both upper and lower limb involvement, whereas more than one-fourth (26%) had only upper limb involvement. The mean duration of illness was 8. 6 ± 3.4 months. The study found more than three fourth, (78%) had hypovitaminosis D the and mean value of serum 25(0H) D was 22.3 ± 7.7 ng/ml. Among them 36% had mild insufficiency, 30% had a moderate deficiency, and 12% had severe deficiency. About two-thirds of proximal myopathy patients had hypovitaminosis D. Difficulties in walking, standing from sitting, climbing, raising hands above the head, bone and joint pain were significantly associated with the severity of vitamin D deficiency (P-value < 0.05). The severity of muscle weakness was strongly associated with the severity of vitamin D deficiency (P-value <0.05). Females were comparatively more affected than males, it was not statistically significant. However, further large-scale analytical studies are needed to find the association of this hypovitaminosis with the disease process.
Bangladesh Med J. 2021 Sept; 50(3): 7-13
Outcome of Patients with Left Main Coronary Artery Disease Together with Left Ventricular Dysfunction Following OPCAB and Conventional CABG Surgery
Authors: Raha Sanjay Kumar , Biswas Smriti Kana , Rahaman Salahuddin , Jahan Hosne , Hasan Md Kamrul 
Published: November 2022

In-hospital mortality and morbidities are significantly higher in patients who undergo coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery having a depressed left ventricular function or a left main (LM) coronary artery disease. Due to the improvement in technique and clinical outcome, Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass (OPCAB) is thought to be beneficial in patients with depressed left ventricular function by avoiding prolonged ischemic time. This study was performed with an aim to assess whether OPCAB is better than conventional on-pump CABG (CCAB) in these sub-groups of patients. We purposively selected 100 patients with left main coronary artery disease (defined as ≥50% stenosis) with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (defined as ejection fraction 40% or less) who underwent elective CABG in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) between January 2014 and December 2020. Among them OPCAB was done in 50 patients and conventional CABG in another 50 patients. Both groups had similar pre-operative parameters. Total operative time, intubation time, blood loss, requirement for blood and blood products, intensive care unit (ICU) stay and hospital stay were all significantly lower in the OPCAB group. Post-operative complications were not statistically different among the two groups. Study finds that patients with left main coronary artery disease with left ventricular dysfunction can be safely revascularized in OPCAB technique.
Bangladesh Med J. 2021 Sept; 50(3): 14-19
Children and COVID-19 Vaccine: A Public Health Ethics Perspective
Authors: Nurunnabi Abu Sadat Mohammad , Ashique Shamsi Sumaiya , Jahan Asmay , Sweety Afroza Akbar , Sharmin Saida 
Published: November 2022

As COVID-19 cases were in rise all over the world and the World Health Organization declared a pandemic, there was an increasing focus on availability of new vaccines and drugs against the virus. Meanwhile, we already have several vaccines in COVID-19 vaccination programmes across the globe. During the process of development and clinical trials of the vaccines, several questions were popped up by multiple stakeholders about child vaccination against COVID-19. Most of the queries focused on safety of COVID-19 vaccines, the clinical trial process, priority criteria of getting a vaccine, why and why not children be included in the vaccination programme. In adult population of the country, COVID-19 vaccination programme is being carried out in an unequalled state; the focus is now on paeditric population, as some countries have already started to vaccinate children. At the time of writing this paper when Government of Bangladesh has not yet decided to vaccinate children in the country but initiatives has been taken by health department for above 12 years children vaccination. However, this paper aims to discuss potential ethical dilemmas related to COVID-19 vaccination in children especially in low-resource settings and dig into effective strategies to implement COVID-19 vaccination programme properly in the field of public health.
Bangladesh Med J. 2021 Sept; 50(3): 44-48
Deconstructing the transdiagnostic nature of language symptoms in frontotemporal dementias
Authors: Garcia-Penton Lorna , Halai Ajay D. , Ramanan Siddharth , Patel Niki , Ingram Ruth U. , Cappa Stefano F. , Patterson Karalyn , Rowe James B. , Garrard Peter , Lambon Ralph Matthew A. 
Published: November 2022

Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a group of neurodegenerative disorders featuring primary-language impairments and typically classified into three-variants: semantic, non-fluent and logopenic. Yet their language profiles significantly overlap. Language deficits can also occur in other frontotemporal dementias (FTD) like progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal syndrome, suggesting that language symptoms are transdiagnostic. Though brain atrophy determines language difficulties, similar atrophy profiles often are related to different language deficits, and different atrophies can cause similar impairments (e.g., logopenic/non-fluent PPA). We apply a transdiagnotic approach to link the language variantions across FTD-PPA spectrum to their underlying neuroanatomical factors. Principal component analysis identified three language dimensions (motor-speech/phonology, semantics and syntax) and thirteen atrophic dimensions, including temporal, frontal, parietal regions. While anterior temporal lobe atrophy predicts semantic impairments, frontoparietal atrophies predict motor-speech/phonology, and syntax. Atrophy and language variations across FTD-PPA syndromes are deconstructed on a brain-behaviour continuum, with only semantic variants being clearly separate.
In situ detection of alkaline phosphatase in a cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury model with a fluorescent/photoacoustic bimodal molecular probe
Authors: Chen Xingwang , Yuwen Zhiyang , Zhao Yixing , Li Haixia , Chen Kang , Liu Hongwen 
Published: November 2022

Kidneys play an important part in drug metabolism and excretion. High local concentration of drugs or drug allergies often cause acute kidney injury (AKI). Identification of effective biomarkers of initial stage AKI and constructing activable molecular probes with excellent detection properties for early evaluation of AKI are necessary, yet remain significant challenges. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), a key hydrolyzing protease, exists in the epithelial cells of the kidney and is discharged into the urine following kidney injury. However, no studies have revealed its level in drug-induced AKI. Existing ALP fluorescent molecular probes are not suitable for testing and imaging of ALP in the AKI model. Drug-induced AKI is accompanied by oxidative stress, and many studies have indicated that a large increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) occur in the AKI model. Thus, the probe used for imaging of AKI must be chemically stable in the presence of ROS. However, most existing near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) ALP probes are not stable in the presence of ROS in the AKI model. Hence, we built a chemically stable molecular sensor (CS-ALP) to map ALP level in cisplatin-induced AKI. This novel probe is not destroyed by ROS generated in the AKI model, thus allowing high-fidelity imaging. In the presence of ALP, the CS-ALP probe generates a new absorbance peak at 685 nm and a fluorescent emission peak at 716 nm that could be used to “turn on” photoacoustic (PA) and NIRF imaging of ALP in AKI. Levels of CS-ALP build up rapidly in the kidney, and CS-ALP has been successfully applied in NIRF/PA bimodal in vivo imaging. Through the NIRF/PA bimodal imaging results, we demonstrate that upregulated expression of ALP occurs in the early stages of AKI and continues with injury progression.
Global burden of calcific aortic valve disease and attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Yu Jiaye , Wang Zhuo , Bao Qinyi , Lei Shuxin , You Yayu , Yin Zhehui , Xie Xiaojie 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundCalcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) was highly prevalent among developed countries and caused numerous deaths. Based on the Global Burden of Disease 2019, this study was designed to present comprehensive epidemiological information, attributable risks, and relevant factors.MethodsAll data were available online via the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx). In this study, we analyzed the global incidence, prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of CAVD across different regions from 1990 to 2019. We applied the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) to evaluate the change trends and their attributable risks. In addition, we explored several relevant factors.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2019, the incidence cases, prevalence cases, CAVD-related deaths, and DALYs of CAVD gradually increased globally. However, the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) was relatively stable, and the age-standardized DALYs rate gradually declined during the past 30 years. Males and elderly individuals were more likely to suffer from CAVD. High systolic blood pressure (SBP) was the predominant attributable risk of disease burden that presented a global downward trend (death: EAPC = −0.68, 95% CI −0.77~−0.59, P &lt; 0.001; DALYs: EAPC = −0.99, 95% CI −1.09 to −0.89, P &lt; 0.001). Alcohol consumption (R = 0.79, P &lt; 0.001), smoking prevalence (R = 0.75, P &lt; 0.001), and calcium (R = 0.72, P &lt; 0.001) showed a positive correlation with the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), whereas classic monsoon region (R = −0.68, P &lt; 0.001) and mean temperature (R = −0.7, P &lt; 0.001) showed a negative correlation with age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR). Besides, medical and healthcare resources presented a positive correlation with ASIR. Meanwhile, similar relationships were found in age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), ASDR, and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDALYR).ConclusionCAVD displays widely varied spatial distribution around the world, of which high SDI regions have the highest burdens. Age is a powerful factor and hypertension a predominant attributable risk factor. Moreover, controlling blood pressure, avoiding smoking, reducing alcohol consumption, and so on, could effectively reduce the burden of CAVD.
Enhancing central blood pressure accuracy through statistical modeling: A proof-of-concept study
Authors: Desbiens Louis-Charles , Goulamhoussen Nadir , Fortier Catherine , Bernier-Jean Amélie , Agharazii Mohsen , Goupil Rémi 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundNon-invasive estimation of central blood pressure (BP) may have better prognostic value than brachial BP. The accuracy of central BP is limited in certain populations, such as in females and the elderly. This study aims to examine whether statistical modeling of central BP for clinical and hemodynamic parameters results in enhanced accuracy.MethodsThis study is a cross-sectional analysis of 500 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization. Non-invasive brachial cuff and central BP were measured simultaneously to invasive aortic systolic BP (AoSBP). Central BP was calibrated for brachial systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (Type I calibration; C1SBP) or brachial mean and diastolic BP (Type II calibration; C2SBP). Differences between central SBP and the corresponding AoSBP were assessed with linear regression models using clinical and hemodynamic parameters. These parameters were then added to C1SBP and C2SBP in adjusted models to predict AoSBP. Accuracy and precision were computed in the overall population and per age or sex strata.ResultsC1SBP underestimated AoSBP by 11.2 mmHg (±13.5) and C2SBP overestimated it by 6.2 mmHg (±14.8). Estimated SBP amplification and heart rate were the greatest predictors of C1- and C2-AoSBP accuracies, respectively. Statistical modeling improved both accuracy (0.0 mmHg) and precision (±11.4) but more importantly, eliminated the differences of accuracy seen in different sex and age groups.ConclusionStatistical modeling greatly enhances the accuracy of central BP measurements and abolishes sex- and age-based differences. Such factors could easily be implemented in central BP devices to improve their accuracy.
Serum lipoprotein (a) associates with the risk of renal function damage in the CHCN-BTH Study: Cross-sectional and Mendelian randomization analyses
Authors: Xie Yunyi , Qi Han , Li Bingxiao , Wen Fuyuan , Zhang Fengxu , Guo Chunyue , Zhang Ling 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundEvidence regarding the effects of lipoprotein (a) [lp(a)] and renal function remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the causal association of serum lp(a) with renal function damage in Chinese general adults.MethodsA total of 25343 individuals with available lp(a) data were selected from the baseline survey of the Cohort Study on Chronic Disease of Communities Natural Population in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei (CHCN-BTH). Five renal function indexes [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(CRPHS)] were analyzed. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) method, logistic regression, and linear regression were used to test the dose-response association between lp(a) and renal function. Stratified analyses related to demographic characteristics and disease status were performed. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to obtain the causal association of lp(a) and renal function indexes. Genotyping was accomplished by MassARRAY System.ResultsLp(a) levels were independently associated with four renal function indexes (eGFR, Scr, BUN, CRPHS). Individuals with a higher lp(a) level had a lower eGFR level, and the association with Scr estimated GFR was stronger in individuals with a lower lp(a) level (under 14 mg/dL). . The association was similar in individuals regardless of diabetes or hypertension. MR analysis confirmed the causal association of two renal function indexes (Scr and BUN). For MR analysis, each one unit higher lp(a) was associated with 7.4% higher Scr (P=0.031) in the inverse-variance weighted method. But a causal effect of genetically increased lp(a) level with increased eGFR level which contrasted with our observational results was observed.ConclusionThe observational and causal effect of lp(a) on Scr and BUN were founded, suggesting the role of lp(a) on the risk of renal function damage in general Chinese adults.
Persistent expression of NLRP3 in spinal microglia promotes development of lumbar disc degeneration
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhang Jing 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionActivated microglia play a critical role in the development of lumbar disc degeneration (LDD), which is a severe disease that causes neuropathic pain in affected people. Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced and secreted by activated microglia to induce the inflammation and the subsequent degradation of the disease discs. Recent findings suggest that activation of IL-1β in cells usually requires the involvement of NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3)-induced formation of inflammasome. However, the importance of NLRP3 in spinal microglia in LDD is not known and thus addressed in the current study.MethodsNLRP3 expression was examined in the spinal discs. Correlation of NLRP3 levels in microglia with the pain score of the LDD patients or Thompson classification of the degeneration level of the patients was determined. The effects of persistent expression or depletion of NLRP3 on phagocytosis potential and production of proinflammatory cytokines in microglia were tested in vitro, while their effects on the severity of LDD and LDD-associated neuropathic pain were assessed in a mouse model for LDD.ResultsNLRP3 was exclusively expressed in microglia in the spinal discs. NLRP3 levels in microglia strongly correlated with the pain score of the LDD patients, and modestly correlated with the Thompson classification of the degeneration level of the patients. Persistent NLRP3 expression in microglia increased both their phagocytosis potential and production of proinflammatory cytokines, while NLRP3-depleted microglia decreased both their phagocytosis potential and production of proinflammatory cytokines. In a mouse model for LDD, persistent NLRP3 activation in microglia significantly increased the severity of LDD and LDD-associated neuropathic pain, while specific depletion of NLRP3 in microglia significantly attenuated the severity of LDD and reduced the LDD-associated neuropathic pain.ConclusionsPersistent activation of NLRP3 in spinal microglia promotes development of LDD, while suppression of NLRP3 in microglia could be a promising strategy for LDD therapy.
Different maturation of gut microbiome in Korean children
Authors: Kim Jieun , Kim Erin , Kim Bongyoung , Kim Jinsup , Lee Hyun Ju , Park Jun-Sun , Hwang Sehee , Rho Mina , Pai Hyunjoo 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionGut microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining human health and is influenced by food intake, age, and other factors.MethodsIn this study based in Korea, we examined the bacterial taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota in infants (≤ 1 year), toddlers (1–&lt;4 years), and school-aged children (4–13 years) and compared them with those of healthy adults to investigate the microbiota changes in early life and their association with the resistome. We used whole metagenome sequences obtained by Illumina HiSeq sequencing and clinical information of 53 healthy children, and sequence data of 61 adults from our previous study.ResultsOur results indicate that the bacterial proportion of the gut in the population ranging from infants to adults forms three clusters: the Ruminococcus-Eubacterium (G1), Bifidobacterium-Escherichia (G2), and Bacteroides-Faecalibacterium (G3) groups. The gut microbiota of infants and toddlers (100% of infants and 85% of toddlers) constituted mostly of G2 and G3 groups, whereas 90% of adults showed G1-type gut microbiota. School-aged children showed a transitional gut microbiota composition of both infants and adults (31%, 38%, and 31% in G1, G2, and G3, respectively). Notably, the three clusters of microbiota showed significantly different patterns of bacterial diversity (p &lt; 0.001): G2 showed the lowest Shannon index, followed by G3 and G1 (1.41, 2.08, and 2.48, respectively; median Shannon index). When combined with the adult group, alpha diversity showed a positive correlation with age (R2 = 0.3). Furthermore, clustering the composition of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) identified two clusters (A1 and A2), and most of G1 (95%) and G3 (80%) belonged to A1. However, G2 showed the least diversity and the highest abundance of ARGs. Nine ARG families showed a significant difference among age groups; three tetracycline resistance genes, tet32, tetO, and tetW, showed a positive correlation, and six other genes, ampC, TEM, ileS, bacA, pmr transferase, and cepA, showed a negative correlation with age.DiscussionIn conclusion, our results highlighted that a delayed persistence of the Bifidobacterium-dominant enterotype with a lower bacterial diversity was observed in Korean children up to 13 years of age, which suggests a different maturation process with a delayed maturation time.