bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of immune defense and antioxidant capacity between broodstock and hybrid offspring of juvenile shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense): Response to acute ammonia stress
Authors: Li Yiming , Xiang Yuqian , Jiang Qichen , Yang Ying , Huang Yingying , Fan Wujiang , Zhao Yunlong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAmmonia is a major environmental pollutant in the aquatic system that poses a great threat to the health of shrimp. Macrobrachium nipponense, as one of the large‐yield farmed shrimp, is facing germplasm degradation. Genetic improvement through hybridization is one of the effective methods to solve this problem. However, there are few studies on the effects of ammonia nitrogen on the germplasm resources of M. nipponense. In this study, the broodstock populations (Dianshan, DS) and hybrid offspring (DS ♀ × CD [Changjiang, CJ ♂ × Dongting, DT ♀], SCD) were exposed to 0, 5, or 20 mg/L of ammonia for 96 h. The survival rate of the SCD group was greater than the DS group, although there were no significant differences in weight gain rate and length gain rate (p > 0.05). The number of positive cells and apoptosis rates in the DS group were significantly greater than in the SCD group after ammonia exposure (p < 0.05). As the ammonia concentration increased, the antioxidant enzyme activities in the SCD group were significantly higher than DS group, while the hepatotoxicity enzyme activities in the SCD group were significantly lower than DS group (p < 0.05). The trends in the expression of antioxidant‐ and immune‐related genes were generally consistent with the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Our study found that the hybrid population had stronger stress resistance than their parent populations at the same ammonia concentration. This study confirms our speculation that hybrid population has a greater advantage in antioxidant immunity, which also provides reference for the follow‐up study of chronic ammonia toxicity.
Evaluation of adherence monitoring in buprenorphine treatment: A pilot study using timed drug assays to determine accuracy of testing
Authors: Jamshidi Nazila , Athavale Akshay , Tremonti Christopher , McDonald Catherine , Banukumar Shanmugam , Vazquez Santiago , Luquin Natasha , Santiago Marina , Murnion Bridin 
Published: March 2022

AimsBuprenorphine is effective at reducing relapse to opioid misuse, morbidity and mortality in opioid‐dependent patients. Urine drug screening (UDS) to assess adherence is used routinely in opioid agonist treatment (OAT). The primary aim of this study was to determine factors which may be associated with a negative qualitative urine drug screen for buprenorphine in OAT patients.MethodsThis prospective pilot study was conducted at a tertiary addiction medicine centre. Twenty participants on stable treatment underwent supervised administration of sublingual buprenorphine. Matched urine and blood samples were collected prior to and 2, 4 and 6 hours after buprenorphine administration. Qualitative urine drug screen results were obtained using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), while quantitative blood and urine results were obtained using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS).ResultsQualitative urine assay yielded a negative result for buprenorphine in 57% of tested samples. The median concentration of urinary buprenorphine was 167 mcg/L (range: 2–1730 mcg/L). Thirty percent of all blood samples did not detect buprenorphine (range 0–18 mcg/L). Positive qualitative urine drug screen results were associated with higher urine (343 mcg/L compared with 75 mcg/L; P < .05) and blood (4 mcg/L compared with 2 mcg/L; P < .05) buprenorphine concentrations. Median urine concentrations of buprenorphine were highest at 2 hours and were higher in participants receiving CYP3A4 inhibitors.ConclusionInterpretation of qualitative urine drug screens to assess adherence in OAT is complex. Poor adherence with treatment cannot be assumed in patients returning a negative qualitative GC–MS urine drug screen.
Decomposition of Variation of Mixed Variables by a Latent Mixed Gaussian Copula Model
Authors: Liu Yutong , Darville Toni , Zheng Xiaojing , Li Quefeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMany biomedical studies collect data of mixed types of variables from multiple groups of subjects. Some of these studies aim to find the group-specific and the common variation among all these variables. Even though similar problems have been studied by some previous works, their methods mainly rely on the Pearson correlation, which cannot handle mixed data. To address this issue, we propose a latent mixed Gaussian copula (LMGC) model that can quantify the correlations among binary, ordinal, continuous, and truncated variables in a unified framework. We also provide a tool to decompose the variation into the group-specific and the common variation over multiple groups via solving a regularized M-estimation problem. We conduct extensive simulation studies to show the advantage of our proposed method over the Pearson correlation-based methods. We also demonstrate that by jointly solving the M-estimation problem over multiple groups, our method is better than decomposing the variation group by group. We also apply our method to a Chlamydia trachomatis genital tract infection study to demonstrate how it can be used to discover informative biomarkers that differentiate patients.
Therapy‐related myeloid neoplasms with normal karyotype show distinct genomic and clinical characteristics compared to their counterparts with abnormal karyotype
Authors: Tariq Hamza , Barnea Slonim Liron , Coty Fattal Zachary , Alikhan Mir B. , Segal Jeremy , Gurbuxani Sandeep , Helenowski Irene B. , Zhang Hui , Sukhanova Madina , Lu Xinyan , Altman Jessica K. , Chen Qing C. , Behdad Amir 
Published: March 2022

SummaryTherapy‐related myeloid neoplasms (t‐MNs) are a complication of treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. The majority of t‐MNs show chromosomal abnormalities associated with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or KMT2A rearrangements and are characterized by poor clinical outcomes. A small but substantial subset of patients have normal karyotype (NK) and their clinical characteristics and mutational profiles are not well studied. We retrospectively studied patients diagnosed with t‐MN at three institutions and compared the mutational profile and survival data between t‐MNs with NK and t‐MNs with abnormal karyotype (AK). A total of 204 patients with t‐MN were identified including 158 with AK and 46 with NK. NK t‐MNs, compared to AK, were enriched for mutations in TET2 (p < 0.0001), NPM1 (p < 0.0001), ASXL1 (p = 0.0003), SRSF2 (p < 0.0001), RUNX1 (p = 0.0336) and STAG2 (p = 0.0099) and showed a significantly lower frequency of TP53 mutations (p < 0.0001). Overall survival (OS) was significantly lower in AK t‐MNs as compared to NK cases (p = 0.0094). In our study, NK t‐MNs showed a significantly better OS, a higher prevalence of MN‐associated mutations and a lower frequency of TP53 mutations compared to their AK counterparts. The distinct clinical and mutational profile of NK t‐MNs merits a separate classification.
Drymarchon corais(Colubridae) andCaiman crocodilus(Alligatoridae) use different feeding behaviors to consume poisonous toads
Authors: Oda Fabrício Hiroiuki , Signorelli Luciana , de Souza Franciele Cristina , de Souza Valter Calheiros , Almeida Waltécio de Oliveira , Pereira Luana Nazareno , de Morais Alessandro Ribeiro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDrymarchon coraisandCaiman crocodilusare reported here using different feeding behaviors for consuming poisonous toads of the genusRhinella(Bufonidae).Drymarchon coraiswas observed feeding on specimens ofRhinella diptychawithout avoiding contact with the parotoid macroglands, suggesting that this snake species is immune to toad toxins.Caiman crocodiluswas recorded avoiding contact with the parotoid macroglands of specimens ofRhinella marinaby consuming only the front and rear legs, suggesting that this caiman may be sensitive to toad toxins. Further experimental and field studies are needed to better understand the feeding behavior ofD. coraisandC. crocodilusand the effects ofRhinellatoxins on these predators.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Uptake of the culturally appropriate ASQ‐TRAK developmental screening tool in the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander context
Authors: D'Aprano Anita , Brookes Isabel , Browne Linda , Bartlett Claire 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecently in Australia, access to culturally safe developmental practices for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families has been enhanced by the availability of a culturally appropriate developmental screening tool, the Ages and Stages Questionnaire – Talking about Raising Aboriginal Kids (ASQ‐TRAK). This paper aims (i) to describe the uptake of the ASQ‐TRAK developmental screening tool in Aboriginal Community Controlled Organizations and mainstream services in Australia and (ii) to explore the extent to which organizations using the ASQ‐TRAK have engaged training for staff.MethodsA retrospective review of ASQ‐TRAK sales and training records from January 2015 to May 2020 to determine the ASQ‐TRAK distribution by jurisdiction and service type and the number of services that have engaged training.ResultsFive hundred ASQ‐TRAK kits have been distributed across 77 agencies. Of those, 100 kits (20%) have been purchased by Aboriginal Community Controlled Organizations. Most have been distributed in the Northern Territory (NT) (178, 36%), Western Australia (165, 33%) and South Australia (64, 13%). Of the 15 ASQ‐TRAK training workshops, nine have been in the NT. Of the 196 practitioners trained, 25 were identified as facilitators for their organization.ConclusionDespite substantive research translation across Australia, with evidence of its acceptability in different contexts, most Aboriginal Community Controlled Organizations have not yet accessed the ASQ‐TRAK, and most organizations have not participated in training. There is an imperative to progress knowledge translation to improve quality and accessibility of culturally appropriate developmental care. Adequately resourced ASQ‐TRAK implementation support is needed to ensure sustainable implementation at scale.
Leukocyte redistribution as immunological biomarker of corticosteroid resistance in severe asthma
Authors: Cardoso‐Vigueros Carlos , von Blumenthal Tobias , Rückert Beate , Rinaldi Arturo O. , Tan Ge , Dreher Anita , Radzikowska Urszula , Menz Günter , Schmid‐Grendelmeier Peter , Akdis Cezmi A. , Sokolowska Milena 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundEarlier studies have suggested that the leukocyte redistribution can be considered as an immunological marker of the clinical response to corticosteroids (CS), representing an easy measurable potential biomarker in severe asthma.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determinate the utility of the leukocyte redistribution as a biomarker of disease heterogeneity in patients with severe asthma and as a bioindicator of potential CS resistance.MethodsWe developed an unbiased clustering approach based on the clinical data and the flow cytometry results of peripheral blood leukocyte phenotypes of 142 patients with severe asthma before and after systemic CS administration.ResultsBased on the differences in the blood count eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes, together with the flow cytometry measurements of basic T cell, B cell and NK cell subpopulations before and after systemic CS administration, we identified two severe asthma clusters, which differed in the cell frequencies, response to CS and atopy status. Patients in cluster 1 had higher frequency of blood eosinophils at baseline, were sensitized to less allergens and had better steroid responsiveness, measured as the pronounced leukocyte redistribution after the administration of systemic CS. Patients in cluster 2 were determined by the higher frequency of B‐cells and stronger IgE sensitization status to the multiple allergens. They also displayed higher steroid resistance, as the clinical correlate for the lower leukocyte redistribution after administration of systemic CS.ConclusionThe flow cytometry‐based profiling of the basic populations of immune cells in the blood and its analysis before and after systemic corticosteroid administration could improve personalized treatment approaches in patients with severe asthma.
Mast cell activation test: A new asset in the investigation of the chlorhexidine cross‐sensitization profile
Authors: Ebo Didier G. , Elst Jessy , Moonen Nele , van der Poorten Marie‐Line M. , Van Gasse Athina L. , Garvey Lene H. , Bridts Chris H. , Mertens Christel , Hagendorens Margo M. , Sabato Vito 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundInsights into the IgE cross‐sensitization and possible cross‐reactivity patterns of sera reactive to chlorhexidine (CHX) are still incomplete and are likely to benefit from a functional exploration using a passive mast cell activation test (pMAT). Therefore, we want to study whether the pMAT with CHX‐specific IgE (sIgE) enables to depict effector cell degranulation in response to alexidine (ALX), octenidine (OCT) and/or polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) indicative of cross‐reactivity between these compounds and CHX.MethodsSerum of 10 CHX‐allergic patients, nine individuals with an isolated sIgE CHX and five healthy controls were included. Human cultured mast cells (MCs) were, before and after sensitization, challenged with CHX, ALX, OCT or PHMB. Degranulation was measured via quantification of upregulation of CD63.ResultsMast cell responsiveness to ALX and OCT was demonstrable with 4/10 and 3/10 of the sera of CHX‐allergic patients respectively. Percentage of degranulation varied between 12 and 34% for ALX‐reactive MCs and between 4 and 22% for OCT‐reactive MCs. No reactivity to ALX or OCT was demonstrable when using sera obtained from individuals with an isolated sIgE CHX or from healthy controls. Unlike CHX, ALX and OCT, PHMB turned out to be a direct MC activator via occupation of MRGPRX2. PHMB‐reactive sIgEs were demonstrable in some patients with an isolated sIgE CHX but were unable to trigger PHMB‐induced degranulation in MRGPRX2 knockdown MCs.ConclusionMast cells constitute an attractive tool to explore cross‐reactivity between structurally similar compounds. Along with the identification of safe alternatives for the individual patient, the pMAT can advance our insights into sIgE cross‐reactivity patterns including assessment of molecules not yet approved for human use.
Gepo with a G, or Jepo with a J? Skilled Readers Generate Orthographic Expectations for Novel Spoken Words Even When Spelling is Uncertain
Authors: Jevtović Mina , Antzaka Alexia , Martin Clara D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEnglish‐speaking children and adults generate orthographic skeletons (i.e., preliminary orthographic representations) solely from aural exposure to novel words. The present study examined whether skilled readers generate orthographic skeletons for all novel words they learn or do so only when the words have a unique possible spelling. To that end, 48 Spanish adults first provided their preferred spellings for all novel words that were to appear in the experiment. Critically, consistent words had only one, while inconsistent words had two possible spellings. Two weeks later, they were trained on the pronunciations of the novel words through aural instruction. They then saw the spellings of these newly acquired words, along with a set of untrained words, in a self‐paced sentence reading task. Participants read previously acquired consistent and inconsistent words presented in their preferred spellings faster than inconsistent words with unpreferred spellings. Importantly, no differences were observed in reading untrained consistent and inconsistent words (either preferred or unpreferred). This suggests that participants had generated orthographic skeletons for trained words with two possible spellings according to their individual spelling preferences. These findings provide further evidence for the orthographic skeleton account and show that initial orthographic representations are generated even when the spelling of a newly acquired word is uncertain.
Epidemiologie von Hautkrankheiten in Deutschland: systematische Literaturanalyse des aktuellen Forschungsstands – Teil 1: Tumorerkrankungen der Haut
Authors: Hansen Inga , Augustin Matthias , Schäfer Ines , Mohr Nicole 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungEpidemiologische Daten sind für die Identifizierung des Versorgungsbedarfs, das Aufdecken von Versorgungslücken, die Entwicklung gezielter Präventionsmaßnahmen sowie zur Optimierung der Ressourcenallokation von großer Bedeutung. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die systematische Erfassung aller publizierten bevölkerungsbezogenen epidemiologischen Daten zu Hauterkrankungen in Deutschland. Der vorliegende Teil 1 der Publikationsserie thematisiert Tumorerkrankungen der Haut. Ergebnisse zu nichtinfektiösen (Teil 2) und infektiösen Hauterkrankungen (Teil 3) bilden weitere Teile dieser Reihe.Es wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche mit PubMed/MEDLINE für den Zeitraum der letzten 15 Jahre durchgeführt. Mit dem Ziel, alle dermatologischen Erkrankungen einzuschließen, wurde eine Diagnoseliste auf Basis des ICD‐11‐Katalogs erstellt. Diese Liste umfasste 1347 Hautkrankheiten. Die Literaturrecherche ergab 4650 Publikationen. Nach zweistufigem Screening wurden 72 Studien zu 43 verschiedenen Hautkrankheiten in die Synthese eingeschlossen. Darunter waren 30 Publikationen zu kutanen Tumorerkrankungen, von denen sich die Mehrheit auf das maligne Melanom bezog.Diese Arbeit ist die erste systematische Literaturrecherche, die zum Ziel hatte, alle verfügbaren epidemiologischen Daten zu Hautkrankheiten in Deutschland zu berichten. Bezüglich der Studienlage zu den unterschiedlichen Hautkrankheiten zeigte sich eine hohe Heterogenität. Auch wenn die Methodik der eingeschlossenen epidemiologischen Studien erheblich variierte, ist der Nutzen dieser epidemiologischen Daten sehr vielseitig. Somit kann diese Arbeit als Referenz verschiedenster epidemiologischer Fragestellungen dienen.
Understanding patterns and pathways of exotic perennial grass invasion in South‐eastern Australian grassy communities
Authors: Rayment Julia , French Kris , Bedward Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimExotic perennial grasses (EPGs) are significant invaders of native grassy communities. We sought to determine how the profile of invading perennial grasses varies among different climatic regions and different grassy communities, to understand at which scale management is best undertaken. We investigated whether invader occurrence was related to specific plant traits.LocationNew South Wales, Australia.MethodField surveys of EPGs at 139 sites from nine grassy communities across four regions were assessed for variation in invasion profiles amongst regions and communities. We used a ranking of invasion risk based on plant characteristics to identify grasses likely to be more invasive and tested whether this ranking predicted the level of invasion in the survey.ResultsUsing multivariate analysis, we found that all communities were significantly invaded. These assemblages were distinct regionally, and for most plant communities. Five widespread invaders were established in all regions and communities. Invasion by pasture grasses (termed trade‐off species) was the most significant threat, coupled with capacity to develop long‐term seed banks and use allelopathy. Species with higher risk rankings were recorded in more sites, although a few grasses had much greater occurrences than their ranking predicted.ConclusionsGrassy communities across all regions were invaded by a suite of EPGs, some that have not been considered as problematic previously. Higher levels of invasion were associated with higher ranked species based on plant traits, indicating that our risk assessment is valuable as a management prioritization tool. Findings support community level management, although some species are important widespread invaders and could be managed at larger scales. Differences in species assemblages compared to nearby agricultural areas confirm different invasion pathways, with significant invasion from pasture grasses. Aided by the risk assessment tool, we propose that EPG management in native communities considers the climatic, community (including surrounding) and species level for prioritization.
Direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in patients with single antibody‐positive anti‐phospholipid syndrome
Authors: Liu Angela , Rupani Karishma Vijay , Naymagon Leonard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe role of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) among patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APLS) remains unclear. Warfarin has been shown to be superior to DOACs among high‐risk APLS patients (particularly those with triple‐positive APLS). However, it remains unknown whether DOACs may be appropriate for lower‐risk patients such as those with single‐positive APLS.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study comparing the risk of recurrent thrombosis among single‐positive APLS patients treated with DOACs (apixaban or rivaroxaban), and those treated with warfarin.ResultsOne‐hundred‐forty‐three single‐positive APLS patients, newly started on anticoagulation following a first thrombotic event, were included. Median follow‐up was 54 months (IQR 29–73 months). Ninety‐one patients (64%) received warfarin and 52 patients (36%) received a DOAC. Six patients (6.6%) who received warfarin experienced a recurrent thrombotic event compared with 3 of 52 (5.8%) patients who received a DOAC (p = .845). There was no difference in event‐free survival between groups (HR DOAC:Warfarin = 0.952, 95% CI 0.232 – 3.908). Major bleeding was similar in both groups.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that DOACs may be a safe and effective option for patients with single‐positive APLS. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Risk factors for a first episode of primary uveitis in the UK and proportion of cases that experience recurrence following this first episode
Authors: Malalana Fernando , Ireland Joanne L. , Pinchbeck Gina L. , McGowan Catherine M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundRisk factors for a first episode of primary uveitis in horses have not been determined. In addition, disease progression and the proportion of horses that develop recurrence following the original episode are not known.ObjectivesTo determine the risk factors for the development of a first episode of primary uveitis in horses in the UK and to document the proportion of cases that experience recurrence following this first episode.Study designProspective case–control longitudinal study.MethodsHorses with a first episode of primary uveitis between July 2014 and August 2018 were recruited to the study. For each case, two controls were selected. A questionnaire was completed for each horse and multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify associations between horse and management‐level variables and the risk of uveitis. Each case was then followed longitudinally to determine the rate of recurrence of uveitis.ResultsTwenty‐three cases and 46 controls were recruited. Being close to a pig farm (OR 27.8, CI 1.31‐592.06) and a recent history of flooding of the pasture (OR 15.43, CI 2.80‐84.98) was associated with increased risk of uveitis. Being in the same owner's possession for a longer amount of time had a protective effect (OR 0.79, CI 0.68‐0.93). Horses recovered uneventfully following treatment and showed no evidence of recurrence in 59.1% of the cases (n = 13). In five horses (22.7%), the initial episode of uveitis could not be controlled and required surgical therapy. Recurrence was observed in four horses (18.2%).Main limitationsSmall sample size. Recall bias from owners for some of the data. Possibility of selection bias.ConclusionsClinicians can use this information to identify horses with increased risk of uveitis and provide advice to the owners of these horses. The proportion of cases that experience recurrence appears low in the UK.