bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyaluronidase 1 deficiency decreases bone mineral density in mice
Authors: Puissant Emeline , Gilis Florentine , Tevel Virginie , Vandeweerd Jean-Michel , Flamion Bruno , Jadot Michel , Boonen Marielle 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis IX is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency in HYAL1, an enzyme that degrades hyaluronic acid at acidic pH. This disease causes juvenile arthritis in humans and osteoarthritis in the Hyal1 knockout mouse model. Our past research revealed that HYAL1 is strikingly upregulated (~ 25x) upon differentiation of bone marrow monocytes into osteoclasts. To investigate whether HYAL1 is involved in the differentiation and/or resorption activity of osteoclasts, and in bone remodeling in general, we analyzed several bone parameters in Hyal1 −/− mice and studied the differentiation and activity of their osteoclasts and osteoblasts when differentiated in vitro. These experiments revealed that, upon aging, HYAL1 deficient mice exhibit reduced femur length and a ~ 15% decrease in bone mineral density compared to wild-type mice. We found elevated osteoclast numbers in the femurs of these mice as well as an increase of the bone resorbing activity of Hyal1 −/− osteoclasts. Moreover, we detected decreased mineralization by Hyal1 −/− osteoblasts. Taken together with the observed accumulation of hyaluronic acid in Hyal1 −/− bones, these results support the premise that the catabolism of hyaluronic acid by osteoclasts and osteoblasts is an intrinsic part of bone remodeling.
Performing tympanometry using smartphones
Authors: Chan Justin , Najafi Ali , Baker Mallory , Kinsman Julie , Mancl Lisa R. , Norton Susan , Bly Randall , Gollakota Shyamnath 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Tympanometry is used as part of a battery of tests for screening of middle ear function and may help diagnose middle ear disorders, but remains available only on expensive test equipment.

Methods
We report a low-cost smartphone-based tympanometer system that consists of a lightweight and portable attachment to vary air pressure in the ear and measure middle ear function. The smartphone displays a tympanogram and reports peak acoustic admittance in realtime. Our programmable and open-source system operates at 226 Hz and was tested on 50 pediatric patient ears in an audiology clinic in parallel with a commercial tympanometer.

Results
Our study shows an average agreement of 86 ± 2% between the 100 tympanograms produced by the smartphone and commercial device when five pediatric audiologists classified them into five classes based on the Liden and Jerger classification.

Conclusion
Given the accessibility and prevalence of budget smartphones in developing countries, our open-source tool may help provide timely and affordable screening of middle ear disorders.
Upgraded GMRT survey for pulsars in globular clusters
Authors: Gautam T. , Ridolfi A. , Freire P. C. C. , Wharton R. S. , Gupta Y. , Ransom S. M. , Oswald L. S. , Kramer M. , DeCesar M. E. 
Published: June 2022

Context. Globular clusters (GCs) contain a unique pulsar population, with many exotic systems that can form only in their dense stellar environments. Such systems are potentially very interesting for new tests of gravity theories and neutron-star mass measurements.
Aims. The leap in sensitivity of the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) in India, especially at low radio frequencies (< 1 GHz), motivated a new search for radio pulsars in a group of eight southern GCs. We aim to image these clusters in order to have independent measurements of the radio fluxes of known pulsars and the identification of bright radio sources that could be pulsars missed by pulsation search pipelines due to their inherent limitations.
Methods. The observations were conducted at 650 MHz (Band 4 receivers) on Terzan 5, NGC 6441, NGC 6440, and NGC 6544, and at 400 MHz (Band 3 receivers) on NGC 6652, NGC 6539, NGC 1851, and M 30. Segmented acceleration and jerk searches were performed on the data. Simultaneously, we obtained interferometric data on these clusters, which were later converted into radio images.
Results. We discovered PSR J1835−3259B, a 1.83-ms pulsar in NGC 6652; this is in a near-circular wide orbit of 28.7-h with an unidentified low-mass (∼0.2 M⊙) companion, likely a helium white dwarf. We derived a ten-year timing solution for this system. We also present measurements of scattering, flux densities, and spectral indices for some of the previously known pulsars in these GCs.
Conclusions. A significant fraction of the pulsars in these clusters have steep spectral indices. Additionally, we detected eight radio point sources not associated with any known pulsar positions in the radio images. There are four newly identified sources, three in NGC 6652 and one in NGC 6539, as well as one previously identified source in NGC 1851, NGC 6440, NGC 6544, and Terzan 5. Surprisingly, our images show that our newly discovered pulsar, PSR J1835−3259B, is the brightest pulsar in all GCs we have imaged; like other pulsars with broad profiles (Terzan 5 C and O), its flux density in the radio images is much larger than in its pulsations. This indicates that their pulsed emission is only a fraction of their total emission. The detection of radio sources outside the core radii but well within the tidal radii of these clusters show that future GC surveys should complement the search analysis by using the imaging capability of interferometers, and preferentially synthesise large number of search beams in order to obtain a larger field of view.
Dorado and its member galaxies
Authors: Rampazzo R. , Mazzei P. , Marino A. , Bianchi L. , Postma J. , Ragusa R. , Spavone M. , Iodice E. , Ciroi S. , Held E. V. 
Published: June 2022

Context.We are investigating the star formation in galaxies of the actively evolving Dorado group where, for a large fraction of both early- and late-type galaxies, signatures of interactions and merging events are revealed by optical and radio observations.Aims.Our previous Hα+[N II] study, probing ≈10 Myr timescales, suggested that star formation is still ongoing in early-type galaxies. In this work, we use far-UV (FUV) imaging to map recent star formation on longer timescales, on the order of 100 Myr.Methods.We used the Ultraviolet Imaging TelescopeUVITon boardAstrosatto image the galaxies of the Dorado backbone previously observed in Hα+[N II], with the far-UV filter FUV.CaF2 (1300–1800 Å). The sample included NGC 1536, NGC 1546, NGC 1549, [CMI2001]4136-01, NGC 1553, IC 2058, PGC 75125, NGC 1566, NGC 1596, and NGC 1602; for the two latter galaxies, the UVIT data provided the first view in far-UV. For the others, previously observed by GALEX, the UVIT data afford a ∼5× improvement in spatial resolution.Results.FUV.CaF2 emission is revealed in all the Dorado galaxies observed, tracing young stellar populations in ring structures and showing tidal distortions. The Sérsic index, derived by fitting the luminosity profiles, is alwaysn < 3, suggesting that the FUV.CaF2 emission originates from a disk also in early-type galaxies. The star formation rate (SFR) ranges from 0.004 ± 0.001 M⊙yr−1for [CMI2001]4136-01 to 2.455 ± 0.027M⊙yr−1for NGC 1566. Most of the recent star formation is found at the periphery of the Dorado group, where most of late-type galaxies are located. For these galaxies, the ratio SFRHα/SFRFUV.CaF2is close to 1, except for the edge-on IC 2058, similar to previously reported relations for local volume samples. For early-type galaxies, however, SFRHαis about 15 times higher than SFRFUV. Dorado’s early-type galaxies define a separate locus in SFRFUV, SFRHαspace with respect to the late-type galaxies, which is well represented by the relation log (SFRFUV.CaF2) = 0.70 × log (SFRHα)−1.26.Conclusions.The disk structure of the FUV.CaF2 emitting populations discovered in all the early-types galaxies implies dissipative processes and wet merging events. The systematic discrepancy between SFRs derived from Hαand FUV fluxes suggests that rejuvenation episodes in early-type galaxies cannot sustain constant star formation over ∼100 Myr timescales.
Thyroid Storm Presenting with Isolated Acute Bulbar Myopathy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: AlNeyadi Asma , AlKhanbashi Manal , AlKaabi Fatima , Ismail Mohamed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhile proximal skeletal muscle myopathy is a frequently reported complication of thyrotoxicosis, acute bulbar thyrotoxic myopathy is rare especially in absence of other forms of myopathy. In this report, we present a case of 31 years old male presenting with thyrotoxicosis and aspiration pneumonia following weeks of experiencing dysphagia and hoarseness of voice. Labs confirmed Graves' disease and other causes of bulbar myopathy like Myasthenia gravis was ruled out. He was started on thyroid treatment and showed remarkable improvement of dysphagia over 15 days. Based on this, we conclude that isolated bulbar myopathy in hyperthyroidism should be considered in patients presenting with dysphagia and dysphonia in absence of other possible neurological causes.
Conservation agriculture influences crop yield, soil carbon content and nutrient availability in the rice–wheat system of north-west India
Authors: Kumar Parveen , Mishra Ajay Kumar , Chaudhari Suresh Kumar , Singh Rakesh , Yadav Kailash , Rai Poornima , Sharma Dinesh Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Context Tillage-based agriculture has led to soil health deterioration and decline in crop productivity. Recently, zero tillage (ZT) and crop residue management has emerged as an alternative to conventional tillage. Methods This experiment was done in north-west India over 3 years, with four treatments: (1) conventional transplanted puddle rice (TPR) + conventional tillage wheat (CTW) with 1/3 of wheat residues incorporated (TPR-CTWR1/3i); (2) TPR + CTW (TPR-CTW); (3) ZT direct-seeded rice (ZTDSR) + ZT wheat (ZTW) with 1/3 of wheat residues incorporated (ZTDSR-ZTWR1/3i); and (4) conventional tillage direct-seeded rice (CTDSR) + ZTW with full residues of both rice and wheat crop incorporated (CTDSR-ZTWRfr). Two rice (CSR 30, CSR 36) and two wheat (HD 2894, KRL 213) varieties were used. Soil samples were collected after harvest at 0–15 to 15–30 cm soil depth. Key results In rice, yield was significantly higher under conventional tillage, and variety CSR 36 outperformed CSR 30 in various yield attributes. In wheat, the number of grains per spike was significantly higher in TPR-CTWR1/3i than TPR-ZTW. After rice harvest, there was ∼10% and 5% higher available N in TPR-CTW and CTDSR-ZTWRfr compared to ZTDSR-ZTWR1/3i and TPR-CTWR1/3i, respectively (0–15 cm depth). After wheat harvest, highest SOC content (7.5 g kg−1) was found under CTDSR-ZTWRfr (0–15 cm depth); and highest total water-stable aggregates were observed under CTDSR-ZTWRfr (37.52%; 0–15 cm depth). Compared to farmers’ practise, the total global warming potential of rice–wheat cropping system was reduced by 43% with conservation agriculture-based management practises (ZTDSR-ZTWR1/3i). Conclusions DSR (in rice) and ZT in wheat with full residue retention best improved soil organic carbon and nutrient availability in soil. Implications Conservation agriculture systems can be adopted to improve crop productivity, soil health and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Numerical investigation on the thermal transportation of MHD Cu/Al
2
O
3-H
2
O Casson-hybrid-nanofluid flow across an exponentially stretching cylinder incorporating heat source
Authors: Paul Ashish , Kanti Das Tusar , Nath Jintu Mani 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the stagnation point flow and heat transfer of MHD boundary layer Casson hybrid nanofluid through a porous space across an exponentially stretched cylinder. The heat source impact is also considered in the model. A 3-stage Lobatto IIIa formula, Bvp4c, is operated to obtain the numerical findings. The influences of dimensionless parameters, namely Prandtl number, Reynolds number, heat source parameter, and Casson fluid parameter on Skin-friction coefficient, velocity, thermal profile, and Nusselt number, are portrayed graphically and depicted through tables. The significant findings indicate that the hybrid Casson nanofluids have a higher thermal conductivity when compared to the Casson nanofluids. As a result, the Casson hybrid nanofluid fluid has a significant impact on increasing heat processes. It has been investigated that the coefficient of the absolute Skin friction for Casson hybrid nanofluid is raised up to 29% compared to Casson nanofluid. The effective heat transfer rate of Casson hybrid nanofluid is improved over 9% compared to Casson nanofluid. As the heat source and Casson fluid parameters are incremented, the numeric values of the Nusselt number reduce.
Strained Cs2AgInCl6 double perovskite material: band structure, optical spectra and mechanical stability
Authors: Menedjhi Adel , Bouarissa Nadir , Saib Salima 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The optoelectronic properties and mechanical stability of lead-free halide double perovskite, Cs2AgInCl6, with emphasis on their dependence on strain are reported. The computations are performed by employing first-principles calculations within a hybrid functional. The author’s calculation shows a direct (Г → Г) band gap for unstrained Cs2AgInCl6 with a recorded value of 3.62 eV which accords to within 2% with experiment. The obtained optical spectra show superior properties with strong absorption spectra of Cs2AgInCl6 for photovoltaics. The unstrained material under focus is found to be mechanically stable. The electronic and optical nature of Cs2AgInCl6 are affected under strain improving thus the potential applications of the material of interest for optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications.
Wavelength-tunable mode-locked linear-cavity Yb-doped fiber laser based on GIMF
Authors: Qiu Haoxue , Pan Yuzhai , Wang Ji , Tian Zhaoshuo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A wavelength-tunable passive mode-locked linear-cavity Yb-doped fiber (YDF) laser has been demonstrated. The mode-locked operation was realized by using a semiconductor saturation absorption mirror as a cavity end-reflector. The laser wavelength was tuned by moving the horizontally adjustable platforms to bend a segment of the graded-index multimode fibers (GIMFs) in the cavity. The central wavelength of the output pulse is continuously adjustable in our experiment and the tunable range is from 1031.99 to 1039.32 nm. The output pulses have a 3 dB bandwidth of 1.77 nm and the fundamental repetition rate of 15.33 MHz. The average output power is 15.18 mW, the corresponding pulse energy is 0.99 nJ. The experimental results show that GIMF can be used as an efficient and simple way to tune the wavelength output in the mode-locked linear-cavity YDF laser.
Helmholtz equation and non-singular boundary elements applied to multi-disciplinary physical problems
Authors: Klaseboer Evert , Sun Qiang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The famous scientist Hermann von Helmholtz was born 200 years ago. Many complex physical wave phenomena in engineering can effectively be described using one or a set of equations named after him: the Helmholtz equation. Although this has been known for a long time, from a theoretical point of view, the actual numerical implementation has often been hindered by divergence-free and/or curl-free constraints. There is further a need for a numerical method that is accurate, reliable and takes into account radiation conditions at infinity. The classical boundary element method satisfies the last condition, yet one has to deal with singularities in the implementation. We review here how a recently developed singularity-free three-dimensional boundary element framework with superior accuracy can be used to tackle such problems only using one or a few Helmholtz equations with higher order (quadratic) elements which can tackle complex curved shapes. Examples are given for acoustics (a Helmholtz resonator among others) and electromagnetic scattering.
Robust decoding of the speech envelope from EEG recordings through deep neural networks
Authors: Thornton Mike , Mandic Danilo , Reichenbach Tobias 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective. Smart hearing aids which can decode the focus of a user’s attention could considerably improve comprehension levels in noisy environments. Methods for decoding auditory attention from electroencapholography (EEG) have attracted considerable interest for this reason. Recent studies suggest that the integration of deep neural networks (DNNs) into existing auditory attention decoding (AAD) algorithms is highly beneficial, although it remains unclear whether these enhanced algorithms can perform robustly in different real-world scenarios. Therefore, we sought to characterise the performance of DNNs at reconstructing the envelope of an attended speech stream from EEG recordings in different listening conditions. In addition, given the relatively sparse availability of EEG data, we investigate possibility of applying subject-independent algorithms to EEG recorded from unseen individuals. Approach. Both linear models and nonlinear DNNs were employed to decode the envelope of clean speech from EEG recordings, with and without subject-specific information. The mean behaviour, as well as the variability of the reconstruction, was characterised for each model. We then trained subject-specific linear models and DNNs to reconstruct the envelope of speech in clean and noisy conditions, and investigated how well they performed in different listening scenarios. We also established that these models can be used to decode auditory attention in competing-speaker scenarios. Main results. The DNNs offered a considerable advantage over their linear analogue at reconstructing the envelope of clean speech. This advantage persisted even when subject-specific information was unavailable at the time of training. The same DNN architectures generalised to a distinct dataset, which contained EEG recorded under a variety of listening conditions. In competing-speakers and speech-in-noise conditions, the DNNs significantly outperformed the linear models. Finally, the DNNs offered a considerable improvement over the linear approach at decoding auditory attention in competing-speakers scenarios. Significance. We present the first detailed study into the extent to which DNNs can be employed for reconstructing the envelope of an attended speech stream. We conclusively demonstrate that DNNs improve the reconstruction of the attended speech envelope. The variance of the reconstruction error is shown to be similar for both DNNs and the linear model. DNNs therefore show promise for real-world AAD, since they perform well in multiple listening conditions and generalise to data recorded from unseen participants.
A cryogenic low-background low-noise CMOS preamplifier for HPGe detectors
Authors: Hao J. , He L. , Deng Z. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A cryogenic low-noise CMOS preamplifier has been
successfully developed for HPGe detectors in low-background
experiments. Commonly used auxiliary off-chip devices, such as
decoupling capacitors and resistors, were removed to control the
radioactive emission. The prototype chip was implemented in XFAB 350
nm CMOS process and was fully evaluated. A minimum ENC of 8.9
electrons was obtained at a 12 μs shaping time at 77 K, and
the rise time was measured to be 60 ns through a 1-meter-long
cable. The performances with and without decoupling capacitors for
the power supply and bias voltages were compared, and there was no
evident difference between these cases. The performance upon
connection to a 0.5 kg point-contact HPGe detector was also
measured. A minimum ENC of 15.5 electrons was achieved. The energy
spectrum of the 57Co radiation source was obtained, and the
FWHM of the 122 keV energy peak was measured to be 0.6 keV.
Foundations of a finite non-equilibrium statistical thermodynamics: extrinsic quantities
Authors: Ericok O B , Mason J K 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Statistical thermodynamics is valuable as a conceptual structure that shapes our thinking about equilibrium thermodynamic states. A cloud of unresolved questions surrounding the foundations of the theory could lead an impartial observer to conclude that statistical thermodynamics is in a state of crisis though. Indeed, the discussion about the microscopic origins of irreversibility has continued in the scientific community for more than a hundred years. This paper considers these questions while beginning to develop a statistical thermodynamics for finite non-equilibrium systems. Definitions are proposed for all of the extrinsic variables of the fundamental thermodynamic relation that are consistent with existing results in the equilibrium thermodynamic limit. The probability density function on the phase space is interpreted as a subjective uncertainty about the microstate, and the Gibbs entropy formula is modified to allow for entropy creation without introducing additional physics or modifying the phase space dynamics. Resolutions are proposed to the mixing paradox, Gibbs’ paradox, Loschmidt’s paradox, and Maxwell’s demon thought experiment. Finally, the extrinsic variables of the fundamental thermodynamic relation are evaluated as functions of time and space for a diffusing ideal gas, and the initial and final values are shown to coincide with the expected equilibrium values.
Two-path interference of single-particle pulses measured by the Unruh–DeWitt-type quantum detector
Authors: Chen Bo-Hung , Chen Tsung-Wei , Chiou Dah-Wei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We study the two-path interference of single-particle pulses measured by the Unruh–DeWitt-type quantum detector, which itself is a quantum state as well as the incoming pulse, and of which the interaction with the pulse is described by unitary quantum evolution instead of a nonunitary collapsing process. Provided that the quantum detector remains coherent in time long enough, the detection probability still manifests the two-path interference pattern even if the length difference between the two paths considerably exceeds the coherence length of the single-particle pulse, contrary to the result measured by an ordinary classical detector. Furthermore, it is formally shown that an ensemble of identical Unruh–DeWitt-type quantum detectors collectively behaves as an ordinary classical detector, if coherence in time of each individual quantum detector becomes sufficiently short. Our study provides a concrete yet manageable theoretical model to investigate the two-path interference measured by a quantum detector and facilitates a quantitative analysis of the difference between classical and quantum detectors. The analysis affirms the main idea of decoherence theory: quantum behavior is lost as a result of quantum decoherence.