bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Pack-Years of Cigarette Smoking With Survival and Tumor Progression Among Patients Treated With Chemoradiation for Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Ma Sung Jun , Yu Han , Yu Brian , Waldman Olivia , Khan Michael , Chatterjee Udit , Santhosh Sharon , Gill Jasmin , Iovoli Austin J. , Farrugia Mark , Shevorykin Alina , Carl Ellen , Wooten Kimberly , Gupta Vishal , McSpadden Ryan , Kuriakose Moni A. , Markiewicz Michael R. , Al-Afif Ayham , Hicks Wesley L. , Platek Mary E. , Seshadri Mukund , Sheffer Christine , Warren Graham W. , Singh Anurag K. 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceAfter 10 pack-years of smoking was initially established as a threshold for risk stratification, subsequent clinical trials incorporated it to identify candidates for treatment deintensification. However, several recent studies were unable to validate this threshold externally, and the threshold for smoking exposure remains unclear.ObjectiveTo estimate the threshold of pack-years of smoking associated with survival and tumor recurrence among patients with head and neck cancer.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis single-institution, cohort study included patients with nonmetastatic head and neck cancer receiving chemoradiation from January 2005 to April 2021. Data were analyzed from January to April 2022.ExposuresHeavy vs light smoking using 22 pack-years as a threshold based on maximizing log-rank test statistic.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOverall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), locoregional failure (LRF), and distant failure (DF).ResultsA total of 518 patients (427 male [82.4%]; median [IQR] age, 61 [55-66] years) were included. Median (IQR) follow-up was 44.1 (22.3-72.8) months. A nonlinear Cox regression model using restricted cubic splines showed continuous worsening of OS and PFS outcomes as pack-years of smoking increased. The threshold of pack-years to estimate OS and PFS was 22. Cox multivariable analysis (MVA) showed that more than 22 pack-years was associated with worse OS (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.57; 95% CI, 1.11-2.22; P = .01) and PFS (aHR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.00-1.89; P = .048). On Fine-Gray MVA, heavy smokers were associated with DF (aHR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.02-2.88; P = .04), but not LRF (aHR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.61-1.87; P = .82). When 10 pack-years of smoking were used as a threshold, there was no association for OS (aHR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.83-1.81; P = .30), PFS (aHR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.78-1.57; P = .56), LRF (aHR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.64-2.21; P = .58), and DF (aHR, 1.45; 95% CI, 0.82-2.56; P = .20). Current smoking was associated with worse OS and PFS only among human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive tumors (OS: aHR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.26-6.29; P = .01; PFS: aHR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.22-5.14; P = .01).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of patients treated with definitive chemoradiation, 22 pack-years of smoking was associated with survival and distant metastasis outcomes. Current smoking status was associated with adverse outcomes only among patients with HPV-associated head and neck cancer.
Lightweight, Thermally Insulating, Fire‐Proof Graphite‐Cellulose Foam
Authors: Chen Chaoji , Zhou Yubing , Xie Weiqi , Meng Taotao , Zhao Xinpeng , Pang Zhenqian , Chen Qiongyu , Liu Dapeng , Wang Ruiliu , Yang Vina , Zhang Huilong , Xie Hua , Leiste Ulrich H. , Fourney William L. , He Shuaiming , Cai Zhiyong , Ma Zhenqiang , Li Teng , Hu Liangbing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFoam materials are widely used in packaging and buildings for thermal insulation, sound absorption, shock absorption, and other functions. They are dominated by petroleum‐based plastics, most of which, however, are not biodegradable nor fire‐proofing, leading to severe plastic pollution and safety concerns. Here, a fire‐proofing, thermally insulating, recyclable 3D graphite‐cellulose nanofiber (G‐CNF) foam fabricated from resource‐abundant graphite and cellulose is reported. A freeze‐drying‐free and scalable ionic crosslinking method is developed to fabricate Cu2+ ionic crosslinked G‐CNF (Cu‐G‐CNF) foam with a low energy consumption and cost. Moreover, the direct foam formation strategy enables local foam manufacturing to fulfil the local demand. The ionic crosslinked G‐CNF foam demonstrates excellent water stability (the foam can maintain mechanical robustness even in wet state and recover after being dried in air without deformation), fire resistance (41.7 kW m−2 vs 214.3 kW m−2 in the peak value of heat release rate) and a low thermal conductivity (0.05 W/(mK)), without compromising the recyclability, degradability, and mechanical performance of the composite foam. The demonstrated 3D G‐CNF foam can potentially replace the commercial plastic‐based foam materials, representing a sustainable solution against the “white pollution”.
Metal Oxide/Graphene/Metal Sandwich Structure for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Xie Guancai , Guo Beidou , Gong Jian Ru 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSingle‐layer graphene (SLG) has drawn considerable interest in photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells due to its atomically flat pinhole‐free structure and remarkable in‐plane carrier mobility. It is challenging, however, to obtain efficient SLG‐modified photoelectrodes for PEC water splitting mainly due to the inefficient charge transfer interface. Here, a transition metal oxide/SLG/transition metal sandwich structure modified n‐Si‐based model photoanode is constructed to regulate the interfacial charge transfer behavior for enhanced PEC water oxidation performance. In this sandwich configuration, SLG tailors the morphology, structure, and work function properties of surface metal electrocatalysts to obtain both higher thermodynamic photovoltage and faster kinetical charge transfer at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface. In addition, SLG promotes the surface catalytic reaction as an effective charge trap and storage layer. This study provides a new structural design to engineer the SLG interfacial properties for high‐performance energy conversion devices.
Recent Advances in Electrolytes for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Yifan , Ding Tangjing , Sun Dongmei , Ji Xiulei , Zhou Xiaosi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) are considered as the potential energy storage devices due to the abundant reserves and low cost of potassium. In the past decade, research on KIBs has generally focused on electrode materials. However, since electrolytes also play a key role in determining the cell performance, this review summarizes recent advances in KIB electrolytes and design strategies. Specifically, the review includes five parts. First, the organic liquid electrolyte is the most widely used type for KIBs. Its two major components, salts and solvents, have a huge impact on the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase and the performance of KIBs. Changes in salts/solvents, the introduction of additives, and the concentration increase all have a positive effect on organic liquid electrolytes. Second, the design of water‐in‐salt electrolytes can effectively widen the narrow electrochemical stability window of aqueous electrolytes. Third, despite the appealing properties, the ionic liquid electrolytes have not been widely applied due to its high cost. Fourth, the solid‐state electrolytes have drawn much attention due to high safety, and current research has been working on improving their ionic conductivity at room temperature. Lastly, perspectives are provided to support the future development of suitable electrolytes for high‐performance KIBs.
Matching Bidentate Ligand Anchoring: an Accurate Control Strategy for Stable Single‐Atom/ZIF Nanocatalysts
Authors: Yun Yapei , Zeng Haitao , Li Lin , Li Haifeng , Cheng Shen , Sun Ningning , Li Meng , Sheng Hongting , Hu Shuxian , Yao Tao , Zhu Manzhou 
Published: December 2022

AbstractImproving metal loading and controlling the coordination environment is nontrivial and challenging for single‐atom catalysts (SACs), which have the greatest atomic efficiency and largest number of interface sites. In this study, a matching bidentate ligand (MBL) anchoring strategy is designed for the construction of CuN4 SACs with tunable coordination environments (Cu loading range from 0.4 to15.4 wt.%). The obtained Cu SA/ZIF and Cu SA/ZIF*﻿﻿ (0.4 wt.%) (ZIF and ZIF* = Zeolitic imidazolate framework with Matching bidentate N‐ligands) nanocomposites exhibit superior performance in homo‐coupling of phenyl acetylene under light irradiation (TON = 580, selectivity > 99%), which is 22 times higher than that of Cu SA/NC‐800 (NC = N‐doped porous carbon). Experiments and density functional theory calculations confirmed that the specific Cu five‐membered ring formed using the MBL anchoring strategy is the key to the immobilization of isolated Cu atoms. This strategy provides a basis for the construction of M SA/MOF, which has the potential to narrow the gap between experimental and theoretical catalysis, as further confirmed by the successful preparation of Fe SA/ZIF and Ni SA/ZIF.
Giant Magnetic Anisotropy in the Atomically Thin van der Waals Antiferromagnet FePS3
Authors: Lee Youjin , Son Suhan , Kim Chaebin , Kang Soonmin , Shen Junying , Kenzelmann Michel , Delley Bernard , Savchenko Tatiana , Parchenko Sergii , Na Woongki , Choi Ki‐Young , Kim Wondong , Cheong Hyeonsik , Derlet Peter M. , Kleibert Armin , Park Je‐Geun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVan der Waals (vdW) magnets are an ideal platform for tailoring 2D magnetism with immense potential for spintronics applications and are intensively investigated. However, little is known about the microscopic origin of magnetic order in these antiferromagnetic systems. X‐ray photoemission electron microscopy is used to address the electronic and magnetic properties of the vdW antiferromagnet FePS3down to the monolayer. The experiments reveal a giant out‐of‐plane magnetic anisotropy of 22 meV per Fe ion, accompanied by unquenched magnetic orbital moments. Moreover, the calculations suggest that the Ising magnetism in FePS3is a visible manifestation of spin–orbit entanglement of the Fe 3delectron system.
Network polyimide membranes prepared by interfacial polymerization for hot H2 purification
Authors: Cong Shenzhen , Yuan Ye , Wang Jixiao , Wang Zhi , Liu Xinlei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNovel polymeric membranes are to be developed for hot H2/CO2 separation. In this work, network polyimide (PI) membranes are prepared via a simple interfacial polymerization method using low‐cost melamine and pyromellitic dianhydride monomers. The membrane performance surpasses the upper bound of H2/CO2 separation. Moreover, the membranes exhibit a H2/CO2 separation factor of 18.7 at 623 K and a robust performance after treatment with steam and H2S.
Polygenic and environmental determinants of tics in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
Authors: Abdulkadir Mohamed , Tischfield Jay A. , Heiman Gary A. , Hoekstra Pieter J. , Dietrich Andrea 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTourette syndrome (TS) is caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Yet, little is known about the interplay of these factors in the occurrence of tics. We investigated whether polygenic risk score (PRS) of TS and pregnancy‐related factors together enhance the explained variance of tic occurrence in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (Ncases = 612; Ncontrols = 4,201; 50% male; mean age 13.8 years). We included a cumulative adverse pregnancy risk score, maternal anxiety and depression, and maternal smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy. We investigated possible joint effects of genetic and pregnancy‐related risk factors using a multivariable approach, and explored mediation effects between the pregnancy‐related risk factors in explaining tic presence. The PRS and the cumulative adverse pregnancy risk score, maternal anxiety, or maternal depression explained significantly more variance of tic presence compared to models including only the PRS. Furthermore, we found that the cumulative adverse pregnancy risk score mediated the association between several pregnancy‐related factors (maternal anxiety, depression, and smoking) and tics. The combination of a PRS and pregnancy‐related risk factors explained more variance of tics in a general population cohort compared to studying these factors in isolation.
Form, function and evolution of the human hand
Authors: Kivell Tracy L. , Baraki Niguss , Lockwood Victoria , Williams‐Hatala Erin Marie , Wood Bernard A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe modern human hand is an intriguing mix of primitive morphology and derived function. Traditionally, its form and function are explained as a functional “trade‐off” between the requirements of locomotion and manipulation, but recently acquired comparative, experimental and fossil evidence suggests that this functional trade‐off is more complex than conventional wisdom suggests. Moreover, when studying hand evolution within the hominin clade, the only morphological evidence comes from the hard‐tissues, and evidence about hand function must be inferred indirectly from the archaeological record. We lack information about critical aspects of hand form (e.g., soft tissues) and function (e.g., neurology) as well as non‐lithic evidence about behavior. Thus, comparative anatomical, experimental and ethological studies of modern humans and other primates are critical to making more informed inferences about hand use in the past. We review the relevant fossil and archaeological evidence within the relevant comparative context (e.g., other extant apes and dexterous monkeys) in an attempt to reconstruct hand evolution within the hominin clade. We conclude by summarizing our current understanding—or lack thereof—of the evolutionary history of the modern human hand.
Nutritional metabolism and cerebral bioenergetics in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias
Authors: Yassine Hussein N. , Self Wade , Kerman Bilal E. , Santoni Giulia , Navalpur Shanmugam NandaKumar , Abdullah Laila , Golden Lesley R. , Fonteh Alfred N. , Harrington Michael G. , Gräff Johannes , Gibson Gary E. , Kalaria Raj , Luchsinger Jose A. , Feldman Howard H. , Swerdlow Russell H. , Johnson Lance A. , Albensi Benedict C. , Zlokovic Berislav V. , Tanzi Rudolph , Cunnane Stephen , Samieri Cécilia , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Bowman Gene L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDisturbances in the brain's capacity to meet its energy demand increase the risk of synaptic loss, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline. Nutritional and metabolic interventions that target metabolic pathways combined with diagnostics to identify deficits in cerebral bioenergetics may therefore offer novel therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevention and management. Many diet‐derived natural bioactive components can govern cellular energy metabolism but their effects on brain aging are not clear. This review examines how nutritional metabolism can regulate brain bioenergetics and mitigate AD risk. We focus on leading mechanisms of cerebral bioenergetic breakdown in the aging brain at the cellular level, as well as the putative causes and consequences of disturbed bioenergetics, particularly at the blood‐brain barrier with implications for nutrient brain delivery and nutritional interventions. Novel therapeutic nutrition approaches including diet patterns are provided, integrating studies of the gut microbiome, neuroimaging, and other biomarkers to guide future personalized nutritional interventions.
Real‐time Observation of Macroscopic Helical Morphologies under Optical Microscope: A Curious Case of π–π Stacking Driven Molecular Self‐assembly of an Organic Gelator Devoid of Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Bera Sourabh , Basu Sushmita , Jana Biman , Dastidar Parthasarathi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSupramolecular assemblies such as tubules/helix/double helix/helical tape etc. are usually submicron objects preventing direct observation under optical microscope. Chiral‐pure form of these assemblies is important for potential applications. Herein, we report a rare phenomenon wherein a DMSO gel of a simple terpyridine derivative [(4‐CNPhe)4PyTerp] produced macroscopic helical morphologies (μm length scale) which could be observed under optical microscope, formation of which could be monitored by optical videography, stable enough to withstand acidic vapour, robust enough to display reversible gel↔sol in response to acidic and ammonia vapour and sturdy enough to be maneuvered with a needle. These properties appeared to be unique to the title compound as the other related derivatives failed to display such assembly structures. SXRD and MD simulation studies suggested that weak interactions (π‐π stacking) played a crucial role in the self‐assembly process.
3D‐printed PLA/Gel hybrid in liver tissue engineering: Effects of architecture on biological functions
Authors: Mirdamadi Elnaz Sadat , Khosrowpour Zahra , Jafari Davod , Gholipourmalekabadi Mazaher , Solati‐Hashjin Mehran 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe liver is one of the vital organs in the body, and the gold standard of treatment for liver function impairment is liver transplantation, which poses many challenges. The specific three‐dimensional (3D) structure of liver, which significantly impacts the growth and function of its cells, has made biofabrication with the 3D printing of scaffolds suitable for this approach. In this study, to investigate the effect of scaffold geometry on the performance of HepG2 cells, poly‐lactic acid (PLA) polymer was used as the input of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D‐printing machine. Samples with simple square and bioinspired hexagonal cross‐sectional designs were printed. One percent and 2% of gelatin coating were applied to the 3D printed PLA to improve the wettability and surface properties of the scaffold. Scanning electron microscopy pictures were used to analyze the structural properties of PLA–Gel hybrid scaffolds, energy dispersive spectroscopy to investigate the presence of gelatin, water contact angle measurement for wettability, and weight loss for degradation. In vitro tests were performed by culturing HepG2 cells on the scaffold to evaluate the cell adhesion, viability, cytotoxicity, and specific liver functions. Then, high‐precision scaffolds were printed and the presence of gelatin was detected. Also, the effect of geometry on cell function was confirmed in viability, adhesion, and functional tests. The albumin and urea production of the Hexagonal PLA scaffold was about 1.22 ± 0.02‐fold higher than the square design in 3 days. This study will hopefully advance our understanding of liver tissue engineering toward a promising perspective for liver regeneration.
Metabolomics analysis of the serum metabolic signature of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease combined with prediabetes model rats after the intervention of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides combined with aerobic activity
Authors: Fan Yanna , Zhang Mengwei , Ma Jiamin , Zhang Yannan , Yang Jianjun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMetabolic disorders accompany nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), associated with prediabetes. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) seem to be a potential prebiotic, and aerobic exercise has shown protective effects on NAFLD with prediabetes. However, their combined effects on NAFLD and prediabetes remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of LBP and aerobic exercise alone, and their combined effects on the metabolomics of serum, and explored the potential mechanisms utilizing a high‐fat diet‐induced rat model of NAFLD and prediabetes. It provided the metabolic basis for the pathogenesis and early diagnosis of prediabetes complicated with NAFLD. Untargeted metabolomics profiling was performed using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry to analyze the changes in overall metabolites in each group of samples. An orthogonal partial least squares‐discriminant analysis model with variable importance on projection >1 and p < 0.05 were used as the screening criteria to screen the significant differential metabolites and analyze the expression changes and functional pathways. Different intervention treatments showed clear discrimination by univariate and multivariate analyses. The model group had a high relative level of expression of lipids. Comparison between the two groups showed steroids with high expression after LBP and aerobic exercise treatment separately and alkaloids and fatty acyls with high expression after aerobic exercise and the combination intervention, respectively. Comparison of the five groups showed some of the metabolites to be differently expressed after the intervention improved lipid and fatty acid metabolism. The three types of intervention had sound effects on the changes in liver index for the diseases studied. Furthermore, the combination treatment may be a better choice for disease prevention and treatment than a single treatment. Our analysis of metabolomics confirmed that the different treatments had significant regulatory effects on the metabolic pathways. Our findings strongly support the possibility that aerobic exercise combined with LBP can be regarded as a potential therapeutic method for NAFLD in prediabetics.
Nanoporous electroporation needle for localized intracellular delivery in deep tissues
Authors: Lee Gyeong Won , Kim Byeongyeon , Lee Tae Wook , Yim Sang‐Gu , Chandrasekharan Ajeesh , Kim Hyewon , Choi Sungyoung , Yang Seung Yun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe exogenous control of intracellular drug delivery has been shown to improve the overall efficacy of therapies by reducing nonspecific off‐target toxicity. However, achieving a precise on‐demand dosage of a drug in deep tissues with minimal damage is still a challenge. In this study, we report an electric‐pulse‐driven nanopore‐electroporation (nEP) system for the localized intracellular delivery of a model agent in deep tissues. Compared with conventional bulk electroporation, in vitro nEP achieved better transfection efficiency (>60%) with a high cell recovery rate (>95%) under a nontoxic low electroporation condition (40 V). Furthermore, in vivo nEP using a nanopore needle electrode with a side drug‐releasing compartment offered better control over the dosage release, time, and location of propidium iodide, which was used as a model agent for intracellular delivery. In a pilot study using experimental animals, the nEP system exhibited two times higher transfection efficiency of propidium iodide in the thigh muscle tissue, while minimizing tissue damage (<20%) compared to that of bulk electroporation. This tissue‐penetrating nEP platform can provide localized, safe, and effective intracellular delivery of diverse therapeutics into deep tissues in a controlled manner.