bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The folk costumes of Mulgimaa / The folk costumes of Mulgimaa
Authors: Rõigas Andres 
Published: April 2022

The impressively substantial 614-page book The Folk Costumes of Mulgimaa is certainly and indisputably a study which has succeeded in delving deep into the subject matter of folk costumes whilst covering a diverse cultural region. The information presented in the book can be seen as a remarkable study aid also in the ongoing revival of the practice of wearing folk costumes. Although the aim of the book is to introduce and describe folk costumes, the added value of the brief yet detailed overview of the history and formation of Mulgimaa is apparent. The history of the people of Mulgimaa cannot be told simply as a story of a dialect area, it should rather be the story of the development of a region rooted in that particular dialect area. As a result of certain historical and natural coincidences, Mulgimaa can be regarded as the birthplace of capitalism in Estonia. In addition to the specific linguistic characteristics, which now are gradually disappearing from common use, the people of Mulgimaa have so far been often mentioned in connection with the establishment of an entirely new type of dwelling, ensuing from their prosperity, the manor homes.
Although Mulgimaa consists of five parishes, the book has been divided into four large chapters. While Helme, Tarvastu, and Paistu have each been allocated a separate chapter, Halliste and Karksi have been treated in a single chapter. The folk costumes of Mulgimaa are a combination of comfort and practicality. While observing the photographs and concentrating on footwear, it is striking to note that even almost a century and a half ago people were not generally photographed when wearing bast shoes or soft-sole leather shoes, if they had a nice pair of shoes or calf-length boots to put on instead. The same period is characterised by archaic long coats that were worn by both men and women.
What is remarkable is the fact that the authors have endeavoured to find as many historical photographs, surviving items of clothing and fragments of clothing from various (museum) collections as possible and also tried to connect them with real people’s memories and stories.
The detailed information along with the descriptions that are revealed in the book will presumably be essential for the craftsmen who wish to recreate and/or restore more authentic and historically accurate folk costumes.
While many cultures believe that women are usually the ones who wear and uphold the tradition of wearing folk costumes, I would like to point out that based on my own previous experience, the presence of men’s clothing, too, is respected, hopefully permanently so, in Mulgimaa.
In addition to the book’s in-depth overview, its historical approach, and its detailed descriptions, this volume can still be used as a handbook to those involved in the rapidly reviving tradition of wearing folk costume.
Tuhat aastat tinulisi Eesti aladel: kasutamine ja valmistamine / Thousand years of tin plaques in Estonia: usage and the technology of their manufacture
Authors: Keeman Margit 
Published: April 2022

Since at least from the end of the first millenium AD, clothes have been decorated in Estonia with small studs cast from tin, more often known as tin plaques (tinulised). The plaques were sewn onto the fabric through hooks found on their reverse sides. The use of round plaques is traceable up until the end of the Livonian War, the rectangular plaques remained essentially unchanged until the nineteenth century. A separate group was formed by the stick- or rosetteshaped plaques which were used on Latgallian-type shawls and headbands in Siksälä. Different forms of tin plaques were found in Jõuga and Makita Votic graves.
The moulds and methods of casting have remained quite unchanged through the centuries. Moulds were usually crafted from imported limestone, but there are also examples of moulds made from local materials. Moulds that were used to cast Estonian tin plaques consist of two halves, although usually only one half has survived.
The casting process was fairly simple. Molten tin was poured into a preheated mould using a ladle made of metal or clay. The plaques were usually made from a varying mixture of tin and lead. Most probably, scrap metal was also used.
The archaeological plaque material best allows us to describe their usage in southern and southeastern Estonia. Different theories have been put forward as to the origins of the custom of decorating clothes with plaques. However they have been widely used in the Baltic states and in areas east and northeast of Lake Peipsi by Finno-Ugric peoples.
Plaques were most often used to adorn shawls, headbands, and the edges of tunics. Due to the fact that tin does not survive well in Estonian soil, very few finds have been discovered that could allow to make a complete reconstruction of the placement of plaques on clothing. The last records about the usage of plaques date from the first half of the nineteenth century: in southern Estonia skirts with archaic tailoring – sõukesed – were decorated in this manner.
During the Iron Age plaques might have been made both for the local elite and for sale by the craftsmen dwelling in hillforts. Most probably, many craftsmen who made the plaques lived also in the villages on the countryside. It has been presumed that the making of moulds and casting tin might have been a female occupation. The assumption is based on the many female burials in the Baltics and near river Volga that contain ladles and moulds. Although much cheaper than silver and bronze, and easier to produce, it still cannot be said that plaques were used by the poor. Many have been found in rich graves with beautifully adorned clothing and valuable jewellery.
Freshly cast tin bears a resemblance to silver, thus it might be assumed that it was believed that tin adornments had similar protective-magical properties as silver jewellery.
Keywords: tin plaques, ornaments for clothing, tin casting, stone moulds, historical handicraft techniques
Esemete kultuurilised elulood
Authors: Gosden Chris , Marshall Yvonne 
Published: April 2022

Kõigis sotsiaalteadustes peetakse praegusajal oluliseks mõelda inimeste ja asjade vahelistele suhetele. Kuni viimase ajani ei pööratud sellistes valdkondades nagu antropoloogia, ajalugu ja sotsioloogia materiaalsetele objektidele eriti tähelepanu, neis nähti peamiselt sotsiaalse protsessi jaoks vajalikke funktsionaalseid üksusi, mitte nende protsesside kujundajat. Arheoloogide jaoks on esemed muidugi alati olnud tegevuse keskmes, kuid ka nende tähelepanu on koondunud esemete funktsioonile, dateerimisele ning vähemal määral stiilile. Nende tunnuste analüüsimise kaudu on arheoloogid püüdnud esememaailma mõtestada.
Kahekümnenda sajandi viimase paarikümne aasta jooksul on olukord muutunud ja materiaalne kultuur on hõivanud ühiskonnateadustes palju kaalukama osa. Inimesed on hakanud mõistma, et esemed ei moodusta ainult inimtegevuse kulissi – nad on selle tegevuse lahutamatu koostisosa. Kui mõtleme materiaalse kultuuri peale selle valmistamise, vahetamise ja tarbimise eri hetkedel, siis loomulikult on vähe seda, mis jääks väljapoole, eriti kui arvesse võtta kõigi nende hetkede ühiskondlikku konteksti ja järelmeid. Niisugune uus fookus suunab meie tähelepanu sellele, kuidas inimeste ja esemete ajalood teineteist kujundavad. Siinkohal uurime üht metafoori nende protsesside mõistmiseks: elulugu. Keskseks ideeks on, et koos sellega, kuidas inimesed ja asjad koguvad endasse aega, liikumisi ja muutusi, muutuvad nad ka ise, ja et need inimeste ja esemete muutumised on teineteisega lahutamatult seotud.
The Effect of Cash Flow Presentation Method on Investors’ Forecast of Future Cash Flows
Authors: Pornupatham Sompong , Tan Hun-Tong , Vichitsarawong Thanyaluk , Yoo G-Song 
Published: April 2022

The decision usefulness of the direct versus indirect presentation method of a cash flow statement has been a long-standing issue in both practice and accounting research. By capitalizing on comparative advantages of experimental methods, we provide insights into how investors process the information contained in different presentation methods to make cash flow forecasts, especially in the context of various types of nonrecurring items. We predict and find that, when nonrecurring accrued expenses are present, the indirect method leads to lower forecast errors by activating investors’ underlying knowledge structures of operating cash flows in terms of an accrual (versus cash) basis. We also find that, in the presence of nonrecurring cash or nonrecurring accrued revenues, there is no difference in forecast errors between the indirect and direct methods. Moreover, we find that the combination of the direct and indirect methods (the direct-plus-indirect method) leads to lower forecast errors than the direct method, but it does not provide an incremental benefit for forecast accuracy beyond the indirect method. This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting. Funding: The authors acknowledge financial support from Chulalongkorn Business School, Korea University Business School, and the United Overseas Bank Endowment Fund. Supplemental Material: The e-companion and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4406 .
School performance in Danish children exposed to maternal type 1 diabetes in utero: A nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Spangmose Anne Lærke , Skipper Niels , Knorr Sine , Wullum Gundersen Tina , Beck Jensen Rikke , Damm Peter , Lykke Mortensen Erik , Pinborg Anja , Svensson Jannet , Clausen Tine 
Published: April 2022

Background
Conflicting results have been reported concerning possible adverse effects on the cognitive function of offspring of mothers with type 1 diabetes (O-mT1D). Previous studies have included offspring of parents from the background population (O-BP), but not offspring of fathers with type 1 diabetes (O-fT1D) as the unexposed reference group.

Methods and findings
This is a population-based retrospective cohort study from 2010 to 2016. Nationally standardized school test scores (range, 1 to 100) were obtained for public school grades 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 in O-mT1D and compared with those in O-fT1D and O-BP. Of the 622,073 included children, 2,144 were O-mT1D, and 3,474 were O-fT1D. Multiple linear regression models were used to compare outcomes, including the covariates offspring with type 1 diabetes, parity, number of siblings, offspring sex, smoking during pregnancy, parental age, and socioeconomic factors. Mean test scores were 54.2 (standard deviation, SD 24.8) in O-mT1D, 54.4 (SD 24.8) in O-fT1D, and 56.4 (SD 24.7) in O-BP. In adjusted analyses, the mean differences in test scores were −1.59 (95% CI −2.48 to −0.71, p < 0.001) between O-mT1D and O-BP and −0.78 (95% CI −1.48 to −0.08, p = 0.03) between O-fT1D and O-BP. No significant difference in the adjusted mean test scores was found between O-mT1D and O-fT1D (p = 0.16). The study’s limitation was no access to measures of glycemic control during pregnancy.

Conclusions
O-mT1D achieved lower test scores than O-BP but similar test scores compared with O-fT1D. Glycemic control during pregnancy is essential to prevent various adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes. However, the present study reduces previous concerns regarding adverse effects of in utero hyperglycemia on offspring cognitive function.
Can active learning techniques simultaneously develop students’ hard and soft skills? Evidence from an international relations class
Authors: Betti Andrea , Biderbost Pablo , García Domonte Aurora 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
In recent decades, educators have pushed to implementing active learning techniques that can advance students’ competences. Universities are increasingly required to develop knowledge measured in terms of grades (hard skills) and inter-personal, social, and communication abilities (soft skills). Nevertheless, within the field of active learning, educators often focus on how these techniques can improve students’ hard skills and their satisfaction. Few have analysed whether and how these techniques might improve students’ soft skills. Moreover, among these few studies, the majority has analysed hard and soft skills separately, measuring whether different active learning techniques may or may not improve them. Virtually no one has studied whether students’ hard and soft skills can converge or diverge in an active learning format. This study allows us to understand the relations between these two sets of variables, for example, whether an improvement (or deterioration) in the hard skills corresponds to an improvement (or deterioration) in the soft skills, and vice versa.

Method
In our experiment, we analyse the impact of a specific active learning format, such as the Flipped Classroom (FC), on both students’ hard and soft skills, by comparing it with a traditional class integrated with other active learning techniques, such as presentations, debates, and teamwork activities. First, we use Pearson correlations to measure the relation between students’ hard skills, understood in terms of grades, and a set of soft skills, such as critical thinking, self-efficacy, teamwork, and perception of learning. Second, we use canonical correlations to analyse whether hard and soft skills converge or diverge in an FC format, in comparison with a traditional teaching format integrated with the other active learning techniques.

Results and conclusions
Our main finding is that the FC per se neither improves nor worsens students’ performance in terms of hard and soft skills.
Protocol for a randomized controlled trial comparing the Circle of Security-parenting (COS-P) with treatment as usual in child mental health services
Authors: Bikic Aida , Smith-Nielsen Johanne , Dalsgaard Søren , Swain James , Fonagy Peter , Leckman James F. 
Published: April 2022

Background
The quality of a child’s attachment to its primary caregiver plays an important role for its long-term socioemotional development. While ‘secure’ attachment is associated with better outcomes, ‘insecure’ attachment is associated with a higher risk of externalizing and internalizing symptoms. Children referred to mental health services show much higher rates of insecure attachment than the general population, yet the parent-child relationship is rarely in treatment focus. Attachment quality is closely associated with parental sensitive responsiveness that is target of attachment-based interventions like Circle of Security (COS). COS has shown to improve attachment quality and the well-being of both children and parents. No randomized controlled trials have investigated the effect of COS on parental sensitivity and child psychiatric symptoms in child mental health services.

Objectives
To investigate whether COS-Parenting (COS-P) can increase observed maternal sensitivity and decrease children’s psychiatric symptoms as an add on to treatment as usual (TAU).

Methods
In a randomized controlled parallel superiority trial COS-P is compared with TAU for parents of children referred to child mental health services (n = 186). Families are randomized 2:1 to intervention or control group, if their child is between 3 and 8 years old and scores ≥ 93d percentile on both the CBCL total score and the oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder subscale. Primary outcome is maternal sensitivity, secondary and exploratory outcomes include, among others, child psychiatric symptoms, parental stress and coping with children’s negative emotions. Outcomes and adverse events are assessed before (T0) and after 10 weeks of treatment (T1) and 6 months later (T2). Regression analysis and /or ANOVA will be used for all outcomes.

Perspectives
Targeting the parent-child relation has the potential to reduce psychiatric symptoms in children. This trial will provide valuable information if attachment-based interventions like COS-P can enhance treatment as usual in child mental health services.

Trail registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03578016.
Determinants of hyperemesis gravidarum among pregnant women attending health care service in public hospitals of Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Ashebir Gedife , Nigussie Haymanot , Glagn Mustefa , Beyene Kassaw , Getie Asmare 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundHyperemesis gravidarum is severe nausea and excessive vomiting, starting between 4 and 6 gestational weeks, peak at between 8 and 12 weeks and usually improve and subside by 20 weeks of pregnancy. Identifying the determinants of hyperemesis gravidarum has a particular importance for early detection and intervention to reduce the health, psychosocial and economic impact. In Ethiopia there is low information on determinants of hyperemesis gravidarum.MethodsInstitution based unmatched case-control study design was conducted from April 12- June 12, 2021. A structured face-to-face interviewer administered questionnaire and checklist for document review were used to collect the data from 360 study participants (120 cases and 240 controls). The data were collected by KoBocollect 1.3, and then exported to statistical package for social science version 25 for further analysis. Both bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were done to identify the determinants and a p-value < 0.05 with a 95% confidence level was used to declare statistical significance.ResultBeing an urban dweller (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.01, 4.34), having polygamous husband (AOR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.27, 6.68), having history asthma/ other respiratory tract infections (AOR = 3.56, 95% CI: 1.43, 8.82), saturated fat intake (AOR = 4.06 95% CI: 1.98, 8.3), no intake of ginger (AOR = 3.04 95% CI: 1.14, 8.09), and inadequate intake of vitamin B rich foods (2.2, 95% CI: 1.14–4.2) were the determinants of hyperemesis gravidarum.ConclusionThis study revealed that, urban residence, having polygamous husband, history of asthma/other respiratory tract infections, intake of saturated fat, no intake of ginger, inadequate intake of vitamin B reach foods were found to be independent determinants of hyperemesis gravidarum. It is better if healthcare providers and government authorities exert continual effort to give health education and counselling service concerning to dietary practice and asthma attacks. It is advisable if pregnant women adhere to healthy diets and limit intake of saturated fats and also husband and nearby relatives give care and support for pregnant women.
OBTAINING SUPRAMOLECULAR COMPLEXES OF ANGIDROLAGOQUILINE WITH GLYCYRRHISINOIC ACID AND ITS SALTS AND STUDYING THEIR SPECIFIC HEMOSTATIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Sobirova Fotima Azamjonovna , Islamov Akmal Khushvaktovich , Elmurodov Laziz Kahramonovich , Rasulov Alisher Khayatovich , Sobirova Zukhra Azamkhanovna , Artikova Gulzor Narboevna , Matchanov Alimzhan Davlatbaevich 
Published: April 2022

The hemostatic effect of drugs of the genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae) is due to the content in its composition of four atomic alcohol diterpenoid lagochiline, alkaloid stahydrine, vitamin K and tannins. On the basis of lagochilin, a number of acetyl and isopropylidene derivatives were obtained. It has been shown that the hemostatic activity in a certain way depends on the number of free hydroxyl groups of lagochilin and its derivatives. However, lagochiline derivatives are poorly soluble in water, which limits their bioavailability. Chemical modification of lagochilin is carried out mainly by hydroxyl groups with the production of esters or succinates with dibasic anhydrides.
For the first time, water-soluble supramolecular complexes based on the diterpenoid lactone an-hydrolagoquiline with the triterpene saponin glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and its monoammonium (MASGA) and monopotassium salts (MPSGA) in various molar ratios were obtained. The physicochemical and spectral characteristics of the resulting complex compounds have been studied. Screening studies were carried out to study the specific hemostatic activity of the obtained supramolecular complexes. Among Lagochilin Lagochirzine and their derivatives at a dose of 10 mg/kg, Lagochilin had the most active effect on bleeding time, followed by Anhydrolagochilin–Lagohirzin. The greatest effect on bleeding time at a dose of 10 mg/kg among supramolecular complexes with HA was shown by HA-AHL, which in a ratio of 2 : 1 it was impossible to determine the bleeding time, and in a ratio of 4 : 1 it reduced the bleeding time by 12 times, and the amount of blood loss by 42 times.
RECYCLING OF WET-STRENGTH TISSUE PAPER. PART 1. KINETICS OF PAPER DISINTEGRATION AT REPULP-ING PROCESS
Authors: Penkin Anton Anatol'yevich 
Published: April 2022

The present investigation focuses on disintegration kinetics of wet-strength tissue paper in various termo-alkaline and chemical conditions of batch low-consistency repulping process. As chlorine-free repulping aids, we applied sodium persulfate in its original state and in combination with peroxy activator (chemically activated form of sodium persulfate). Based on a first-order kinetic model, we estimated the influence of repulping conditions on the intensity of wet-strength paper defiberization process by the disintegration rate constant kd. The values of kd were found by linear least-squares curve fitting of the experimental data in the t, ln (F'/100) coordinate system, where F' is non-disintegrated or non-defibrated portion of paper, t – repulping time. The results have shown that the termo-alkaline repulping of wet-strength tissue paper (T=60 °C, pH=10.5) compared with mild conditions of repulping (T=40 °C, pH=8.5) leads to an increase of the rate constant of disintegration kd from 5.6·10-3 min-1 to 9.7·10-3 min-1. Addition of 2% persulfate at termo-alkaline repulping increases the rate constant of disintegration kd up to 14,0·10-3 min-1. Application of chemically activated persulfate under the same conditions allows to further increase the kd up to 23.4·10-3 min-1. Raising the temperature and pH of the pulp during persulfate repulping increases the disintegration rate constant kd nonlinearly. Finally, addition of persulfate along with thermo-alkaline pulp treatment lead to decline repulping time and energy by 31% and 29%. It should be noted, that more significant savings of time and energy (57% and 59% respectively) we found at the application of persulfate in a chemically activated form.
The Ba’al Shem, the Prince, and the Shepherd: Popular Healing, Religion, and Politics in Early Nineteenth-Century Germany
Authors: Bell Dean Phillip 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In diesem Aufsatz geht es um die Geschichte dreier populärer christlicher und jüdischer Heiler des frühen 19. Jahrhunderts mit sehr unterschiedlichem Hintergrund – der legendäre jüdische Rabbiner und Wundertäter Seckel Löw Wormser (1768–1847), bekannt als der Baʼal Shem von Michelstadt, der weithin bekannte katholische Geistliche und Fürst Alexander von Hohenlohe (1794–1849) und der populäre heilende Schäfer Heinrich Mohr (1798–1884). Untersucht wird die komplexe Beziehung zwischen Religion, Volksheilung (und sogar Magie) und Medizin. Der Vergleich dieser Heiler offenbart auch etwas über den vielschichtigen Prozess der Professionalisierung der Medizin. Nicht zuletzt kommt in diesem Aufsatz die zunehmende Rolle des Staates und der zivilen Behörden in der Sorge um die Gesundheit im Allgemeinen und in der Kontrolle der Körper der Untertanen zur Sprache.