bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative imaging and intraoperative navigation of the parathyroid glands neoplasms in primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Slashchuk K. Yu. , Degtyarev M. V. , Rumyantsev P. O. , Eremkina A. K. , Tarbaeva N. V. , Beltsevich D. G. , Kim I. V. , Melnicthhenko G. A. , Mokrysheva N. G. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Primary hyperparathyroidism is one of the most common diseases of the endocrine system, after diabetes mellitus and thyroid pathologies. Early diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism allow avoiding severe damage to the bones, kidneys, other organs, thereby reducing the incidence of disability and improving the patients quality of life. The only radical treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism is the surgical removal of the pathologically altered, hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands.The study objective – to increase the efficiency of preoperative topical diagnosis and intraoperative navigation of parathyroid glands.Materials and methods. 200 patients with laboratory-verified primary hyperparathyroidism, who underwent preoperative topical diagnostics (ultrasound, planar scintigraphy and single-photon emission computed tomography, combined with computed tomography (SPECT / CT), in some cases supplemented with contrast enhanced CT with / or fine needle aspiration biopsy with flushing from a needle on for parathyroid hormone) and received surgical treatment, in period from 2017 to 2020. A single-stage, open-label comparative study was carried out, including clinical, laboratory and instrumental data of patients. The follow-up period after surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism was at least 6 months.Results. From 200 included patients, surgical treatment in the amount of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy was performed in 189 patients. As a result of the analysis of the diagnostic accuracy, for a combination of ultrasound and SPECT/CT with augmented contrast enhanced CT, the overall accuracy in visualizing of parathyroid glands was 99 % (95 % confidence interval (CI): 97–100), diagnostic specificity 77 % (95 % CI: 54–100), sensitivity 100 % (95 % CI: 98–100), the predictive value of positive and negative results was 98 % (95 % CI: 97–100) and 100 % (95 % CI: 98–100) respectively.Conclusion. The results allowed us to develop an algorithm for preoperative topical diagnosis of parathyroid glands in patients with laboratory-verified primary hyperparathyroidism and indications for surgical treatmen. We recommend to perform ultrasound of the thyroid and parathyroid glands in all patients at the first stage, in the absence of evident changes in the thyroid gland, at the second stage – scintigraphy and SPECT / CT with 99mTc-MIBI; in cases with significant concomitant functional or structural pathology of the thyroid gland – contrast enhanced CT; if necessary, supplementing fine needle aspiration biopsy with flushing from a needle on for parathyroid hormone.
Characteristics of composition a lymphoid infiltrate in the tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zibirov R. F. , Mozerov S. A. , Polkin V. V. , Sevrukov F. E. , Medvedev V. S. , Raykova A. P. , Riss M. E. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue is the most common oral cancer. The tumor microenvironment has a significant impact on tumor progression; therefore, better understanding of its characteristics is crucial for the treatment strategy, since in some cases it modifies the tumor microenvironment resulting in tumor resistance to therapy.Study objective – to compare the number of CD8+Т-lymphocytes, CD57+NK-cells, and CD20+B-lymphocytes in the microenvironment of tongue squamous cell carcinoma in patients receiving and not receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.Materials and methods. We performed immunohistochemical examination of specimens from 67 patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma who did not receive neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Eleven patients were diagnosed with well differentiated tumors (G1); 21 patients had moderately differentiated tumors (G2); and 35 patients had poorly differentiated tumors (G3). T1 tumors were observed in 11 individuals, T2 tumors – in 26 individuals, T3 tumors – in 26 individuals, and T4 tumors – in 4 individuals. We also examined 30 patients who had undergone neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, including external beam radiotherapy (total dose of 60 Gy) and a cycle of polychemotherapy (cisplatin and 5‑fluorouracil). Of them, 6 patients had T1 tumors, 17 patients – T2 tumors, 5 patients – T3 tumors, and 2 patients – T4 tumors. We measured the areas occupied by CD8+T-lymphocytes, CD20+B-lymphocytes, and CD57+NK-cells in the hot spots in the tumor microenvironment.Results. The number of CD8+T-lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment was higher in patients after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy than in those who did not receive it (р = 0.000), whereas the number of CD20+B-lymphocytes was lower after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The area occupied by CD57+NK-cells in the hot spots of the tumor microenvironment did not differ significantly before and after therapy (p >0.05).Conclusion. Thus, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma caused an increase in the number of CD8+T-lymphocytes, a decrease in the number of CD20+B-lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment, and had no effect on the population of CD57+NK-cells.
Assessment of Staphylococcal Clinical Isolates from Periprosthetic Joint Infections for Potential Bacteriophage Therapy
Authors: DePalma Brian J. , Nandi Sumon , Chaudhry Waqas , Lee Martin , Johnson Aaron J. , Doub James B. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Bacteriophage therapy is a potential adjunctive treatment for periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) given the capabilities of bacteriophages to degrade biofilms, self-replicate, and lyse bacteria. However, many aspects of this therapeutic are ill-defined, and the narrow spectrum of bacteriophage activity along with limited available bacteriophage strains curb potential use for specific bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus at the present time. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of using bacteriophages for PJI by (1) categorizing the causative organisms in hip and knee PJI at a tertiary academic center and (2) evaluating in vitro activity of a group of bacteriophages against clinical S. aureus PJI isolates.

Methods:
Patients with chronic hip or knee PJI after undergoing the first stage of a 2-stage revision protocol from 2017 to 2020 were identified retrospectively by a query of the hospital billing database. The causative pathogens in 129 cases were reviewed and categorized. From this cohort, preserved S. aureus isolates were tested against a library of 15 staphylococcal bacteriophages to evaluate for bacterial growth inhibition over 48 hours.

Results:

S. aureus was the most common pathogen causing PJI (26% [33] of 129 cases). Of 29 S. aureus samples that were analyzed for bacteriophage activity, 97% showed adequate growth inhibition of the predominant planktonic colonies by at least 1 bacteriophage strain. However, 24% of the 29 samples demonstrated additional smaller, slower-growing S. aureus colonies, none of which had adequate growth inhibition by any of the initial 14 bacteriophages. Of 5 secondary colonies that underwent subsequent testing with another bacteriophage with enhanced biofilm activity, 4 showed adequate growth inhibition.

Conclusions:
Effective bacteriophage therapeutics are potentially available for S. aureus PJI isolates. The differences in bacteriophage activity against the presumed small-colony variants compared with the planktonic isolates have important clinical implications. This finding suggests that bacteriophage attachment receptors differ between the different bacterial morphologic states, and supports future in vitro testing of bacteriophage therapeutics against both planktonic and stationary states of PJI clinical isolates to ensure activity.
Evaluation of Water Control Effect of Nanofluids on Unconventional Reservoirs – Laboratory Experimental Study
Authors: Wang Lan , Li Ping Zhi , Lu Ting , Zhang Tian Tian , Bai Wu Xiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs has become the focus of oil industry in the world, and the study of fluid flow law in unconventional reservoirs has gradually become important. As a popular additive, the analysis of the influence of nanoparticles on the fluid distribution and flow in the reservoir will have significant effect on the development strategy of the reservoir. In this paper, the effect of nanoparticle adsorption on core wettability is theoretically analyzed. The effect of hydrophilic TiO2 nanofluid on the distribution of fluid in the core was analyzed by using a typical low-permeability dense sandstone core. Through the combination of centrifugal experiment and nuclear magnetic resonance experiment, the distribution characteristics of fluid in the core before and after nanofluid treatment are compared, the nuclear magnetic resonance T2 spectrum after centrifugation is processed, and the T2 cut-off value is calibrated. The experimental results show that the mobility of internal fluid is stronger in the process of increasing centrifugal force. Compared with deionized water, the nanofluid in the small pores is easier to discharge. Based on this result, the proper use of nano additives in the production process can effectively control the fluid flow in the reservoir.
Cyclic In-Situ Combustion Process for Improved Heavy Oil Recovery after Cyclic Steam Stimulation
Authors: Lu Teng , Ban Xiaochun , Guo Erpeng , Li Qiu , Gu Zihan , Peng Dongliang 
Published: February 2022

Summary
Cyclic in-situ combustion (ISC) is a novel process with great potential for thermal enhanced oil recovery (EOR). In this study, a 3D physical simulation experiment of cyclic ISC after cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) was carried out for the first time. The mass loss during heavy oil oxidation was studied by thermogravimetry (TG) and the preheating temperature of sandpack was determined by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The oxidation process of heavy oil in a porous medium was investigated by a heavy oil static oxidation experiment. The development characteristics and EOR mechanism of cyclic ISC after CSS were studied through 3D physical simulation experiments and the characteristics of the coking zone was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and computed tomography (CT). The results of the thermal analysis indicate that three different regions were observed with increasing temperature: low-temperature oxidation zone (LTO), fuel deposition zone (FD), and high-temperature oxidation zone (HTO). When the temperature reaches 480°C, the mixed oil sand has the most exothermic effect and the high-temperature oxidation reaction is the most vigorous. The results of the 3D physical simulation show that steam channeling and steam overlay in CSS reduced the swept volume of steam and heat usage rate. During the cyclic ISC, the oil bank can overcome the heterogeneity of the oil reservoir caused by steam channeling and steam overlay, which makes the combustion front move forward smoothly. Cyclic ISC can greatly increase the temperature of the zone near the well, and upgrade the crude oil through cracking to reduce the viscosity of heavy oil. The foaming oil formed by the dissolution of flue gas improves the fluidity of the crude oil. The oil recovery of CSS is 19.3%, and the oil recovery of cyclic ISC increased by 13.2%. SEM and CT show that flake black solid coke was attached to the surface of the sand at the coking zone. The coking zone is a porous medium structure with a porosity of 35.14%, which has little effect on the oil recovery in the process of cyclic ISC.
Session Interest Model for CTR Prediction Based on Self-Attention Mechanism
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Liu Fang’ai , Zhao Xiaohui , Tan Qiaoqiao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Click-through rate prediction, which aims to predict the probability of the user clicking on an item, is critical to online advertising. How to capture the user evolving interests from the user behavior sequence is an important issue in CTR prediction. However, most existing models ignore the factor that the sequence is composed of sessions, and user behavior can be divided into different sessions according to the occurring time. The user behaviors are highly correlated in each session and are not relevant across sessions. We propose an effective model for CTR prediction, named Session Interest Model via Self-Attention (SISA). First, we divide the user sequential behavior into session layer. A self-attention mechanism with bias coding is used to model each session. Since different session interest may be related to each other or follow a sequential pattern, next, we utilize gated recurrent unit (GRU) to capture the interaction and evolution of user different historical session interests in session interest extractor module. Then, we use the local activation and GRU to aggregate their target ad to form the final representation of the behavior sequence in session interest interacting module. Experimental results show that the SISA model performs better than other models.
Effect of Illness Perception on Predicting Breast Cancer-related Lymphedema Risk Management Behaviors Among Breast Cancer Patients: a Comparison Between Dimensions and Profiles
Authors: Chen Jing , Wang Ying , Luo Xia , Zhang Yue , Zhang Xiaomin , Li Mingfang , Xiong Chenxia , Guo Zijun , Zhao Meng , Yan Jun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To assess illness perceptions regarding breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) before discharge following surgery and BCRL risk management behaviors at 3 months postsurgery among Chinese breast cancer patients and to compare the effects of illness perception dimensions and illness perception profiles on predicting BCRL risk management behaviors using two analysis approaches.Methods: A total of 213 breast cancer patients completely participated in this follow-up study. The variable-centered approach (i.e., Pearson correlation analysis) and person-centered approach (i.e., latent profile analysis (LPA) followed by comparison between profiles) were adopted to examine the relationship between illness perception and BCRL risk management behaviors. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to compare the amount of variability in BCRL risk management behaviors explained by illness perception dimensions or illness perception profiles.Results: Using the variable-centered approach, “illness coherence” and “timeline (cyclical)” dimensions were found to be significant components of illness perception predicting BCRL risk management behaviors in the whole population. Using the person-centered approach, LPA identified two profiles and revealed significant differences in BCRL risk management behaviors between them. Overall, illness perception profiles explained smaller amounts of variability in BCRL risk management behaviors than illness perception dimensions at 3 months postsurgery.Conclusions: Based on illness perception regarding BCRL, breast cancer patients were categorized into two profiles. Illness perception dimensions and illness perception profiles showed certain effects on predicting BCRL risk management behaviors. These two methods provided different perspectives on the design and implementation of future interventions addressing maladaptive illness perception regarding BCRL.
Functional groups of woody species in riparian forest in the Brazilian semi-arid region: phenological and morphophysiological evidence
Authors: TEODORO ÉRICA DAIANE MARQUES DA SILVA E , SILVA ANA PAULA ALVES DA , BRITO NIELSON DINIVAN DA SILVA , RODAL MARIA JESUS NOGUEIRA , SHINOZAKI-MENDES RENATA AKEMI , de Lima André Luiz Alves 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Relationships between morphophysiological and phenological traits of functional groups of tree species from seasonally dry tropical environments are reasonably known. However, such information is scarce for riparian forests in semi-arid environments, especially regarding the representativeness of these groups in the community. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of the morphofunctional characteristics of leaves and stem in the identification of functional groups and how these traits vary in these groups in a riparian forest in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Traits of leaf phenology (specific leaf area, leaf area, leaf thickness, and leaf dry matter content), wood density, and amount of saturated water in the stem and their association with soil water availability, relative air humidity, precipitation, temperature, photoperiod, and vapor pressure deficit were evaluated in 23 species. Cluster analysis showed three functional groups: deciduous low wood density species (9%), deciduous high wood density species (48%), and non-deciduous species, which included semideciduous (17%) and evergreen species (26%). Deciduousness was positively related to specific leaf area and negatively related to leaf dry matter and leaf area. Deciduous and semideciduous species (55.1% and 7.5% of the individuals in the community, respectively) showed a strong dependence on abiotic factors linked to precipitation and temperature, while the evergreen species showed a strong dependence on the vapor pressure deficit to trigger their phenophases. It was evident that the studied functional traits influenced the leaf habit, which is essential to determine the abundance of functional groups of woody species from riparian forests in the semi-arid region.
Improving Capacity For Phytoremediation Of Vetiver Grass And Indian Mustard In Heavy Metal (Al And Mn) Contaminated Water Through The Application Of Clay Minerals
Authors: Otunola Beatrice Omonike , Aghoghovwia Makhosazana P. , Thwala Melusi , Gómez-Arias Alba , Jordaan Rian , Hernandez Julio Castillo , Ololade Olusola Oluwayemisi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Phytoremediation of areas contaminated by heavy metals using Vetiver grass and Indian mustard is cost-effective and environmentally friendly. However, strategies to optimize the remediation capacity of these plants to be more sustainable in combatting environmental pollution is lacking. This study aimed at enhancing remediation of heavy metal contaminated water through the simultaneous hybrid application of clay minerals (attapulgite and bentonite) and Vetiver grass or Indian mustard. A 21-day greenhouse experiment was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of the clay minerals to improve heavy metal phytoremediation. Attapulgite successfully improved the growth and tolerance index of Vetiver grass in heavy metal contaminated water. The addition of clay minerals did not, however, increase the tolerance of Indian mustard for Al and Mn. The best efficiency was from a hybrid system of 2.5% (w/v) bentonite treatment with Vetiver grass. However, Indian mustard showed no significant uptake of heavy metals, but suffered heavy metal toxicity despite the addition of clay minerals. The current laboratory-scale findings provided a basis for field trials earmarked for remediation in a post-mining coal environment in South Africa.
Integrated high-efficiency and broadband electro-optic frequency comb generators
Authors: Lončar Marko , Hu Yaowen , Yu Mengjie , Buscaino Brandon , Sinclair Neil , Zhu Di , Cheng Rebecca , Shams-Ansari Amirhassan , Shao Linbo , Zhang Mian , Kahn Joseph 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Developments in integrated photonics have led to stable, compact, and broadband comb generators that support a wide range of applications including communication, ranging, spectroscopy, frequency metrology, optical computing, and quantum information. Current on-chip comb generators, however, are still limited by low optical pump-to-comb conversion efficiencies. Here, we demonstrate an integrated electro-optic frequency comb with a conversion efficiency of 30% and an optical bandwidth of 132 nm, featuring a 100-times higher conversion efficiency and 2.2-times broader optical bandwidth compared with previous state-of-the-art integrated electro-optic combs. We further show that, enabled by the high efficiency, the device acts as an on-chip femtosecond pulse source (336 fs pulse duration), which is important for applications in nonlinear optics, sensing, and computing. As an example, in the ultra-fast and high-power regime, we demonstrate the observation of a combined EO-χ^((3)) nonlinear frequency comb. Our device paves the way for practical optical frequency comb generators enabling energy-efficient computing, communication, and metrology, and provides a platform to investigate new regimes of optical physics that simultaneously involve multiple nonlinearities.
A Retrospective Observational Analysis of Italian Reimbursed Healthcare for Patients on Hemodialysis and Treated for Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Pruritus
Authors: Calabria Silvia , Ronconi Giulia , Piccinni Carlo , Dondi Letizia , Cinconze Enrico , Pedrini Antonella , Esposito Immacolata , Addesi Alice , Manenti Lucio , Aucella Filippo , Martini Nello 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background. Chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP) frequently affects patients on hemodialysis and still needs an effective treatment. This retrospective observational study characterized patients on hemodialysis potentially affected or not by CKD-aP and described the use of CKD-aP-related treatments and integrated healthcare costs, from the perspective of the Italian National Health Service (INHS). Methods. Through the cross-linkage of the Italian administrative healthcare data collected in the database of Fondazione ReS (Ricerca e Salute), patients undergoing in-hospital/outpatient hemodialysis from 01/01/2015 to 12/31/2017 and for at least years were selected. Subjects with pruritus due to other causes (i.e. chronic liver disease/cirrhosis/systemic lupus erythematosus/arterial vasculitis/skin-subcutaneous tissue disease-inflammation) were excluded. CKD-aP/non-CKD-aP cohorts were created based on the presence/absence of CKD-aP-related treatment (based on common clinical practice and guidelines) supplies, characterized (demographics, comorbidities) and assessed in terms of CKD-aP-related treatments reimbursed by the INHS and mean healthcare costs per capita paid by the INHS. Results. Of 1,239 patients on hemodialysis for ≥2 years (20.2% of all hemodialysis subjects), after having applied exclusion criteria, CKD-aP were 218 (17.6%), non-CKD-aP were 1,021. Both cohorts were mostly males and elderly, but CKD-aP one was older and affected by more comorbidities. One-year before and after the index hemodialysis, of CKD-aP patients: CKD-aP-related treatments were supplied to 58.1% and 65.1%, of which >50% received chronic antihistamines (mostly cetirizine), 10% gabapentin and 1.4% received the ultraviolet light therapy. Calculated by mean, the annual cost for the healthcare reimbursed by the INHS per CKD-aP and non-CKD-aP patient was €37,065 and €35,988, respectively. Hemodialysis accounted for >60% of hospitalization expenses and >77% of outpatient care costs. Conclusions. Due to the type of information collected in Italian administrative databases, the true prevalence of CKD-aP in the Italian hemodialysis population and the costs reimbursed by the INHS for the related healthcare resulted quite underestimated. Interestingly, high-efficiency dialytic therapies performed to CKD-aP patients seemed to largely weigh on the overall mean annual cost. These findings suggest that appropriate and effective treatments for this condition might offer cost offsets.