bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unintended cation crossover influences CO2 reduction activity in Cu-based zero-gap electrolysers
Authors: El-Nagar Gumaa A. , Haun Flora , Gupta Siddharth , Stojkovikj Sasho , Mayer Matthew T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Gas-diffusion anion exchange membrane electrode assemblies enable CO2 reduction at industrially relevant rates, yet their long-term operational stability is often limited by the formation of solid precipitates in the cathode pores. This is a consequence of unintended cation crossover from the anolyte, and a detailed understanding of the factors enabling this crossover is lacking. Here we show that the anolyte concentration governs the flux of cation migration through the membrane, and this substantially influences the behaviors of copper catalysts in catholyte-free CO2 electrolysers. Systematic variation of the anolyte ionic strength (using aqueous KOH or KHCO3) correlated with drastic changes in the observed product selectivity – most notably, below a threshold ionic strength, Cu catalysts produced predominantly CO, in contrast to the mixture of C2+ products typically observed on Cu. Cation (K+) quantification at the zero-gap cathode revealed that the magnitude of K+ crossover depends on the anolyte concentration, but becomes significant only above the aforementioned threshold which closely correlates with the onset of C2+ product formation, suggesting cations play a key role in C-C coupling reaction pathways. Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy and quasi in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to study how the catalyst is affected by operation conditions. Cu surface speciation was found to show a strong dependence on the anolyte concentration, wherein dilute anolytes or pure H2O resulted in a mixture of Cu+ and Cu0 surface species, while concentrated anolytes led to exclusively Cu0 under similar testing conditions. Overall, our results show that even in catholyte-free cells, cation effects (including unintentional ones) can significantly influence reaction pathways, which must be considered in future development of catalysts and devices.
Role of Magnetic Defects and Defect-engineering of Magnetic Topological Insulators
Authors: Islam Farhan , Lee Yongbin , Pajerowski Daniel , Tian Wei , Yan Jiaqiang , Ke Liqin , McQueeney Robert , Vaknin David 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Magnetic defects play an important, but poorly understood, role in magnetic topological insulators (TIs). For example, topological surface transport and bulk magnetic properties are controlled by magnetic defects in Bi_2Se_3-based dilute ferromagnetic (FM) TIs and MnBi_2Te_4 (MBT)-based antiferromagnetic (AFM) TIs. Despite its nascent ferromagnetism, our inelastic neutron scattering data show that a fraction of the Mn defects in Sb_2Te_3 form strong AFM dimer singlets within a quintuple block. The AFM superexchange coupling occurs via Mn-Te-Mn linear bonds and is identical to the AFM coupling between antisite defects and the FM Mn layer in MBT, establishing common interactions in the two materials classes. We also find that the FM correlations in (Sb_{1-x}Mn_{x})_2Te_3 are likely driven by magnetic defects in adjacent quintuple blocks across the van der Waals gap. In addition to providing answers to long-standing questions about the evolution of FM order in dilute TI, these results also show that the evolution of global magnetic order from AFM to FM in Sb-substituted MBT is controlled by defect engineering of the intrablock and interblock coupling.
Classical and Nonclassical Antifolates as Potential Antitumor, Antipneumocystis and Antitoxoplasma Agents
Authors: Gangjee Aleem , Elzein Elfatih , Kothare Mohit , Vasudevan Anil 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Inhibition of folate metabolizing enzymes remains a viable goal in the treatment of cancer, of bacterial infections and of opportunistic infections in patients with immune compromized systems. The clinically useful antifolates methotrexate (MTX), trimetrexate (TMQ), trimethoprim (TMP), pyrimethamine and 2D1694 (tomudex) inhibit the enzymes dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) or thymidylate synthase (TS). The recent antitumor results obtained with tomudex and the antipneumocystis results with
TMQ along with leucovorin rescue have provided significant stimulus to the synthesis and biological testing of antifolates. In addition, X-ray crystallography studies of the enzymes with computer assisted molecular modeling have allowed for significant studies in the development of novel antifolates. This review highlights recent advances in the computer assisted rational design, synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted classical and nonclassical bicyclic 6-6 and 6-5 ring fused antifolates, tricyclic 6-6-6 and 6-5-6 ring-fused antifolates and tetracyclic 6-6-6-6 ring-fused antifolates as anticancer, antipneumocystis and antitoxoplasma agents.
Retinoids as Anti-Cancer Agents
Authors: Chandraratna Roshantha AS. , Nagpal Sunil 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Retinoids, synthetic and natural analogs of retinoic acid, exhibit potent growth inhibitory and cell differentiation activities which account for their beneficial effects in cancer in ex vivo and in vivo models. These simple molecules with pleiotropic effects have shown potential as therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer either alone or in combination with other agents. Retinoids regulate the growth of various cell types by directly modulating the expression of responsive genes through nuclear retinoid receptors (RARs and RXRs), which are ligand dependent transcription factors. The translo­
cation of RARCX in acute pro-myelocytic leukemia, decreased expression of RARP and reduced activity of the
•RARP promoter in various tumors and cancer cell lines, and restoration of retinoid sensitivity to cancer cells by RAR expression vector transfection, are all indicative of the direct involvement of RAR malfunction in the process of tumorigenesis and also suggest a role for RARs as ligand dependent tumor suppressors. The current use of retinoids in cancer is limited because of their associated toxicities and lack of efficacy at tolerated doses. In order to improve the therapeutic index of retinoids, various strategies are currently being employed, e.g., receptor selective retinoids, anti-AP! selective retinoids and combination therapies. The development of novel retinoids along with an increased understanding of the biological functions and mechanisms of action of retinoid receptors are likely to usher in a new era of retinoid therapy of cancers.
Clinical and Genetic Analysis in Pediatric Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Related Conditions: Focus on DR Genes of the Major Histocompatibility Complex
Authors: Galym Aigerim , Akhmetova Nazgul , Zhaksybek Madina , Safina Svetlana , Boldyreva Margaritha N. , Rakhimbekova Farida K. , Idrissova Zhannat R. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
There are several diseases recognized as variants of MS: post-infectious acute disseminated encephalitis, multiple sclerosis (MS), Rasmussen leukoencephalitis and Schilder's leukoencephalitis and related, but separate neuroimmune condition – Neuromyelitis Devic’s. In Kazakhstan diagnosis of such diseases was rare and immune modified treatment was only admitted after the age of 18. Clinical and immunogenetic study of MS spectrum diseases in Kazakhstan would allow to justify early targeted treatment.

Objective:
The aim of the study was to investigate genes of the main complex of human histocompatibility (MHC) associated with diseases of MS spectrum in Kazakhstani population.

Methods:
Complex clinical, neuroimaging and immunogenetic studies were performed in 34 children (24 girls, 10 boys) aged 4 to 18 years. 21 children were diagnosed with MS (11 Kazakh origin and 10 – Russian; 4 boys, 17 girls), 7 with leucoencephalitis (all Kazakh, 5 boys, 2 girls) and 6 with Devic neuromyelitis optica (all Kazakh, 1 boy, 5 girls). Genotyping of HLA DRB1, DQA1, DQB1 genes was performed for all patients.

Results:
MS group was characterized by classical relapsing-remitting MS. Predominant haplotype as a linkage complex was DRB1*15:01~DQA1*01:02~DQB1*06:02 in 20 (47.6%) of 42 DR-alleles, in 16 (76.2%) patients. MS relative risk (RR) was 13,36 for ethnic Kazakhs and RR=5,55 in Russians.
Leukoencephalitis had 7 children, with 28.6% mortality rate. The haplotype DRB1*15:01~DQA1*01:02~DQB1*06:02 as a linkage complex was detected 3 patients (4 alleles), RR=5,88.
Devic’s neuromyelitis optica (NMO) clinical course was characterized by fast and prolonged progression. There was predominance of DRB1*14 allele with RR=3,38.

Conclusion:
Summarizing, in the Kazakh population the haplotype DRB1*15:01∼DQA1*01:02∼DQB1*06:02 as a linkage complex was associated with prediction to MS and leukoencephalitis, but not to Devic’s NMO. Our study highlights the importance of awareness of MS and related disorders diagnosis which allows to implement early admission of disease-modified treatment in pediatric MS in Kazakhstan.
Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Berat Badan Kurang pada Balita di Timor Leste
Authors: Kurniawan Ardhiles Wahyu , Maulina Rifzul , Fernandes Anggelina 
Published: September 2022

Latar Belakang: Berat badan kurang adalah indikator status nutrisi dan kesehatan balita yang buruk di sebuah negara. Pada tahun 2013 angka kejadian Stunting di Timor Leste tergolong tinggi sekitar 50,2% dibandingkan angka rata-rata untuk wilayah Asia Timur Pasifik yaitu 11,3%. Diantara anak balita yang mengalami stunting terdapat 38% yang memiliki berat badan kurang.Tujuan: Mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian dengan berat badan kurang balita di Timor Leste.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan studi cross-sectional berdasarkan data sekunder Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) pada 13 Provinsi di Timor Leste tahun 2016. Sampel pada penelitian ini sejumlah 3.723 balita.Hasil: Beberapa faktor yang berhubungan dengan berat badan rendah di Timor Leste adalah pendidikan Ibu (AOR = 0,50, 95% CI: 0,34-0,74), status gizi Ibu yang gemuk (AOR = 0,47, 95% CI:0,35-0,65) dan status gizi Ibu yang normal (AOR = 0,67, 95% CI: 0,55-0,81), jumlah kelahiran anak ≥ 7 (AOR = 1,67, 95% CI: 1,15-2,41), jenis kelamin anak perempuan (AOR 0,79, 95% CI: 0,67-0,94), kondisi ekonomi keluarga sangat kaya (AOR 0,66, 95% CI: 0,46-0,96), sumber air minum tidak higenis (AOR 1,37, 95% CI: 1,09-1,74)Kesimpulan: Upaya perbaikan status gizi balita dapat melalui peningkatan pendidikan dan nutrisi Ibu, ekonomi keluarga serta perbaikan kualitas air.
Penentuan Wilayah Reseptif Malaria di Perbukitan Menoreh dengan Menggunakan Basis Data Nasional Kebijakan Satu Peta
Authors: Widartono Barandi Sapta , Suharyadi Suharyadi , Satoto Tri Baskoro Tunggul , Mujiyanto Mujiyanto 
Published: September 2022

Latar Belakang: Program eliminasi di Indonesia ditargetkan pada tahun 2030, tetapi hingga saat ini masih mengalami beberapa kendala, seperti terjadinya penyebaran kasus malaria secara impor melalui migrasi. Pendekatan yang umum digunakan saat ini adalah pendekatan wilayah administrasi, sedangkan pendekatan habitat nyamuk belum banyak dilakukan.Tujuan: Membuat pemetaan daerah reseptif malaria berbasis faktor lingkungan habitat nyamuk yang berkaitan dengan wilayah endemis di Perbukitan Menoreh yang meliputi Kabupaten Purworejo, Kabupaten Magelang, dan Kabupaten Kulon Progo.Metode: Penentuan daerah reseptif malaria dilakukan dengan pendekatan habitat nyamuk menggunakan faktor lingkungan fisik dari basis data spasial nasional Kebijakan Satu Peta (KSP).Hasil: Peta daerah reseptif dapat dihasilkan dari ekstraksi KSP. Selain itu, penanganan malaria pada model spasial ini dapat menunjukkan persentase dan luas area yang benar-benar memiliki ancaman terhadap kejadian malaria.Kesimpulan: Wilayah reseptif dengan model ini dapat memberikan gambaran jangka panjang ancaman malaria, menghasilkan sebaran wilayah reseptif dengan lebih baik dan mudah diberlakukan secara nasional.
Pengaruh Jasa Layanan Ekosistem Terhadap Ketahanan Pangan
Authors: Sulastri Sri , Quarta Yani , Zairina Anisa , Khusumawardhani Niniek Dyah 
Published: September 2022

Agroforestri merupakan ekosistem dominan di daerah pegunungan di Jawa Timur dan memiliki peran penting dalam mendukung konservasi lahan dan pemenuhan kebutuhan sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Agroforestri diketahui memiliki banyak jasa layanan ekosistem yang penting dalam mendukung ketahanan pangan, namun demikian kelestariannya terancam dengan adanya alih fungsi lahan, yang dapat menurunkan jasa layanannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh peran jasa layanan ekosistem yang dihasilkan agroforestri dalam mendukung ketahanan pangan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuisioner 100 responden yang dianalisis dengan structural equation modeling. Layanan ekosistem yang diberikan agroforestri mampu memberikan kontribusi yang nyata terhadap ketahanan pangan. Hal ini terlihat dari adanya produk agroforestri yang dapat dikonsumsi langsung oleh petani. Selain itu, model yang terbentuk juga memperkuat bahwa jasa layanan ekosistem yang dihasilkan dari agroforestri dapat secara langsung mendukung ketahanan pangan.
Similarities and Differences in the Structure and Interpretation of Empowerment and Job Satisfaction between Minority and Majority Faculty Members
Authors: Lasker Jordan , McNaughtan Jon 
Published: September 2022

Faculty empowerment is a more important topic today than ever before, as faculty roles have become increasingly complex. Moreover, an increase in minority faculty has presented universities with the need to understand the complex interactions between demographics and empowerment to better promote employees’ well-being. Past research has found that racial majority and minority faculty perceive their experiences as faculty differently. In this study, we used an empowerment framework and structural equation modeling to investigate similarities and differences in workplace empowerment for a sample of 720 racial majority and minority faculty members. Empowerment was largely similar for majority and minority faculty members, but the construct of self-determination had different meanings for minority faculty members, and it was more strongly related to trust in their institutions and the personal consequences of their work. Moreover, minority faculty members’ beliefs about their capabilities, the specialness of their work, and their ability to make decisions about their work were more important for efficacy, meaning, and self-determination than they were for majority faculty members.
Résumé De nos jours, l’autonomisation du corps professoral est un sujet plus important que jamais, dans un contexte où les rôles qu’il est appelé à jouer deviennent de plus en plus complexes. D’autre part, vu le nombre croissant d’enseignants issus de minorités, l’université a besoin de mieux comprendre les rapports complexes entre démographie et autonomisation afin de mieux assurer le bien-être de ses employés. Certaines études ont déjà observé que les majorités perçoivent leur vécu en milieu universitaire de manière différente que les minorités visibles. Dans l’étude actuelle, nous utilisons un cadre d’autonomisation et la modélisation d’équations structurelles afin d’enquêter sur les ressemblances et différences relatives à l’autonomisation au travail dans un échantillon de 720 universitaires de majorités et de minorités visibles. En gros, le niveau d’autonomisation est semblable pour les universitaires majoritaires et minoritaires, mais l’autodétermination a un sens différent pour les minoritaires, celle-ci étant étroitement liée à la confiance qu’ils ont dans leurs institutions et aux conséquences personnelles de leur travail. En outre, comparée à celle des majoritaires, l’attitude des universitaires minoritaires envers leurs propres capacités, le caractère unique de leur travail et leur liberté de prendre des décisions sur leur travail a un plus grand effet sur leur efficacité, le sens qu’ils prêtent à leur travail et leur autodétermination.
Keywords / Mots clés : academia, critical race theory, empowerment, faculty, structural equation modeling / milieu universitaire, théorie critique de la race, autonomisation, corps professoral, modélisation d’équations structurelles
Technologically-Treated Polyclonal Affinity-Purified Antibodies to the Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Brain Specific S-100 Protein and Histamine in Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia: Results of the Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Shulpekova Yu. O. , Maev I. V. , Grinevich V. B. , Khlynov I. B. , Shvarts Yu. G. , Ivashkin V. T. 
Published: September 2022

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Kolofort® (a complex medicine containing technologically processed forms of antibodies to S-100 protein, tumor necrosis factor-α and histamine) in the management of functional dyspepsia (FD) in outpatient clinical practice.Methods: Outpatients (N = 309) at the age of 18–45 in whom FD was diagnosed according to the Rome IV criteria were enrolled in a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Patients were randomized in two groups receiving Kolofort® or placebo 2 tablets tid for 8 weeks. The primary endpoint of the study was a change in the FD symptoms severity score according to the Gastrointestinal symptom score (GIS) at week 8. ITT and [PP] analysis were performed.Results: at week 8 the reduction in GIS sum score was observed in Kolofort® group and placebo group (by 7.2 ± 3.3 [7.2 ± 3.4] and 6.3 ± 4.6 [6.2 ± 4.5], respectively, p = 0.041 [0.039]). The proportion of cases with GIS score reduction by ≥4 was 88,1 % [88.6 %] and 79.1 % [79.6 %] in Kolofort® group and placebo group, respectively (p = 0.046 [p = 0.051]). None of the patients in Kolofort® group had progression of FD symptoms or required additional therapy. There were 29 adverse events (AEs) recorded in 25 patients including 16 cases in 13 (8.6 %) patients in Kolofort® group and 13 AEs in 12 (7.6 %) patients in placebo group.Conclusion: the clinical trial demonstrates the positive effect of Kolofort® in FD with a favorable safety profile.
Patient with Jaundice, Dyspnea and Hyperferritinemia after COVID-19
Authors: Grechishnikova V. R. , Tkachenko P. E. , Zharkova M. S. , Nekrasova T. P. , Ivashkin V. T. 
Published: September 2022

The aim: to highlight the importance of considering hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in patients with jaundice of unclear origin and systemic inflammatory manifestations after coronavirus infection.Key points. A 64-y.o. patient was admitted to the hospital with jaundice, pruritus, fatigue, weight loss. The complaints occurred 2 weeks after discharge from the hospital for treatment of patients with coronavirus infection. Laboratory tests revealed signs of hepatic insufficiency, markers of cholestasis and inflammation persisted in time. Upon instrumental examination no signs of hepatosplenomegaly, biliary tree changes, intra- and extrahepatic obstruction were found. S. aureus was identified in blood cultures, CT scan of the facial skull bones showcased the focus of infection in the area of the roots of teeth 2.4 and 2.5. Therefore, antibiotics were prescribed. Subsequently, the patient's condition was complicated by the development of two episodes of acute respiratory distress syndrome, which occurred during the withdrawal of glucocorticosteroid therapy. Liver biopsy was performed, morphological study revealed signs of “vanishing bile duct” syndrome, excessive activation of macrophages and hemosiderosis of sinusoidal cells. Identified lesions can be found in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a life-threatening complication of coronavirus infection. Glucocorticosteroids therapy, transfusions of human immunoglobulin, albumin, and parenteral nutrition have led to patient's condition improvement.Conclusion. COVID-19 provokes the development of secondary HLH 10 times more often than other respiratory viral infections. The possibility of hemophagocytic syndrome development should be considered, including cases of overlap syndrome with sepsis, in patients with unresolved jaundice, hyperferritinemia after coronavirus infection. Routinely used scales and criteria for diagnosis of HLH (H-score, HLH 2004) in such cases lacks sensitivity, therefore, careful analysis of clinical picture and exclusion of other causes of jaundice are required.
As três dimensões do patrimônio musical: uma teoria em progresso
Authors: Castagna Paulo Augusto 
Published: September 2022

Este artigo estuda o significado do conceito de patrimônio musical e suas relações com os conceitos oficiais de patrimônio histórico, artístico e cultural (materiais ou imateriais) estabelecidos na legislação brasileira, e de patrimônio documental ou arquivístico, implícito na legislação do país para os arquivos públicos e privados. Para isso, são analisados os três grandes tipos de patrimônio musical, decorrentes das três dimensões do conhecimento musical (1 - fenômeno musical; 2 - codificação notacional, gravação ou programação; 3 - documento musical físico), correspondentes às três dimensões do conhecimento (1 - ôntica; 2 - epistêmica; 3 - documental) estabelecidas por Claudio Gnoli (2012). As conclusões apontam para a artificialidade da separação do patrimônio musical em material e imaterial, e para a necessidade de ações mais integradas em relação aos seus três tipos, visando resultados mais amplos para o conhecimento, proteção e difusão desse tipo de herança.
Surgical Management of Large Liver Metastases from Urinary Bladder Leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Hajri Mohamed , Omrani Sahir , Zouari Skander , Baccouche Seifeddine , Ferjaoui Wael , ben Slama Sana , Saadi Ahmed , Ben slama Riadh , Talbi Ghofrane , bacha Dhouha , Mestiri Hafedh , Bayar Rached 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor developed from the smooth muscle. It can arise in different sites especiallyin gastrointestinal tract (stomach, small bowel and colon), genitourinary tract (uterus, bladder and kidney) and the retroperitoneum (inferior vena cava) (1,2). It’s localization in the bladder is rare, representing 0.5% of all urinary bladder malignancies. There are over 210 cases reported in literature(3).Ten to 30% of the patients willpossibly develop metastases and the most common sites are lungs, liver and bone(4,5). There is no concensus on a standard treatment due to its very low incidence.
We report here a rare case of a surgical management of large liver metastases from urinary bladder leiomyosarcoma.
Utilisation of Electronic Resources by Undergraduate Students at the Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST)
Authors: Chilimo Wanyenda Leonard , Haikuti Fiina 
Published: September 2022

The study that directed this article examined the use of electronic resources by undergraduate students at the Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST). A survey-based research design was employed to collect quantitative and qualitative data—the quantitative paradigm being dominant. The population for this study consisted of undergraduate students at the NUST main campus (10 248) registered for the 2016 academic year. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select students from each of the four undergraduate levels of study. A sample size of 385 students was used. A self-developed questionnaire and a structured interview guide were used as data collection instruments. Responses from 274 questionnaires and 12 face-to-face interviews provided the raw data. The study showed that subscribed electronic resources were underutilised due to a lack of awareness. Students had positive attitudes towards electronic resources for academic purposes, research projects and keeping up-to-date. While the vast majority of students were confident in using computers, they lacked the search skills necessary to make full use of electronic resources. Barriers encountered included poor ICT infrastructure and internet connectivity, as well as slow, old, and inadequate computers. The recommendations included the need for improved ICT facilities and internet connectivity, regular information needs-assessment, end-user training, and the vigorous promotion of e-resources.