bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High prevalence of blaTEM-135 and genetic epidemiology of blaTEM-135-carrying Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Shandong, China, 2017–19
Authors: Zhao Lihong , Liu Aihua , Li Ruiying , Zhang Zhijun , Jia Ying , Zhao Shuping 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Only one additional specific SNP in blaTEM-135 in penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) isolates is required for TEM-135 to evolve into an ESBL that is capable of degrading all extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs).

Methods
Identification of the blaTEM-135 gene was achieved by performing a mismatch amplification mutation assay PCR. PPNG isolates were then genotyped using MLST and N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) techniques. Finally, phylogenetic analyses based on MLST and NG-MAST were performed on all of the PPNG isolates, and genogroups were classified according to the phylogenetic relatedness on the basis of each MLST and NG-MAST gene typing and the blaTEM allele varieties.

Results
Among the 197 PPNG isolates, one (0.5%) isolate possessed the blaTEM-220 allele, 90 (45.7%) possessed the blaTEM-135 allele, and 106 (53.8%) possessed the blaTEM-1 allele. Among the blaTEM-135-carrying PPNG isolates, MLST ST8109 (n = 30) and NG-MAST ST12199 (n = 5), ST12754 (n = 5) and ST15073 (n = 5) were the most prevalent in the Shandong province of China. The phylogenetic analyses revealed that MLST ST8109, ST8140 and ST14417, mainly carrying the blaTEM-135 allele, belonged to the same genogroup, G1, while NG-MAST ST12199 and ST15073, mainly carrying the blaTEM-135 allele, belonged to the same genogroup, Ga.

Conclusions
This study has shown that the molecular epidemiology of PPNG isolates carrying the blaTEM-135 allele in Shandong has a dynamically changing status. Therefore, it is very pressing to continuously monitor the prevalence and mutation of the blaTEM-135 allele and the genetic epidemiology of PPNG isolates carrying the blaTEM-135 allele in this district.
Left-sided appendicitis in intestinal malrotation: a minimally invasive approach
Authors: Feeney Gerard , Hannan Enda , Alagha Mohammed , Abdeldaim Yasser 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Intestinal malrotation is a rare clinical entity that occurs in 1/6000 live births. Acute appendicitis (AA) is commonly recognized clinically by migratory right iliac fossa pain. We present a rare case of AA in a patient with previously undiagnosed IM that posed a diagnostic challenge due to abnormal caecal location, which was managed by a laparoscopic approach. The presence of undiagnosed congenital anomalies such as IM can render diagnosis of even seemingly straightforward conditions such as AA challenging, meaning that the presence of classical clinical findings cannot always be relied upon. One should have a low threshold for performing cross-sectional imaging in cases where clinical findings do not yield a satisfactory diagnosis. The adult patient with AA in the context of incidental type 1 IM can be managed laparoscopically by a simple modification of standard technique, without the need to correct malrotation, thus allowing the patient to benefit minimally invasive surgery.
Risk factors for COVID-19 associated mucormycosis in India: A case control study
Authors: Patel Atul K , Bakshi Harsh , Shah Kahaan , Patel Saloni , Patel Tushar , Patel Kamlesh , Patel Ketan K 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had led to an increase in a surge of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients, especially in India. Diabetes and irrational usage of corticosteroids to treat COVID-19 were some of the factors implicated for COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM). We designed this case-control study to identify risk factors for mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients. The study was conducted at a private tertiary care center in western India. Data were extracted from records of COVID 19 patients (January–May 2021) and divided into two groups: Those with proven or probable mucormycosis, and those without mucormycosis with a ratio of 1:3. A binary logistic regression analysis was done to assess potential risk factors for CAM. A total of 64 CAM and 205 controls were included in the analysis. Age and sex distribution were similar in cases and controls with the majority of males in both the groups (69.9%) and the mean age was 56.4 (±13.5) years. We compared the comorbidities and treatment received during acute COVID-19, specifically the place of admission, pharmacotherapy (steroids, tocilizumab, remdesivir), and the requirement of oxygen as a risk factor for CAM. In a multivariate analysis, risk factors associated with increased odds of CAM were new-onset diabetes (vs. non-diabetics, adjusted odds ratio [OR] 48.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 14.3–166), pre-existing diabetes (vs. non-diabetics, aOR 2.93, 95%CI 1.4–6.1), corticosteroid therapy (aOR 3.64, 95%CI 1.2–10.9) and home isolation (vs. ward admission, aOR 4.8, 95%CI 2–11.3). Diabetes, especially new-onset, along with corticosteroid usage and home isolation were the predominant risk factors for CAM.

Lay Summary
This study revealed new-onset diabetes, pre-existing diabetes, corticosteroid therapy, and home isolation as risk factors for COVID-19-associated mucormycosis. Avoiding the use of corticosteroids in non-severe COVID-19 disease coupled with proper blood sugar monitoring and control will help to reduce the CAM burden.
Measuring lens dimensionality in extreme scattering events through wave optics
Authors: Jow Dylan L , Pen Ue-Li 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Compact radio sources have been observed to undergo large, frequency-dependent changes in intensity due to lensing by structures in the interstellar medium, in so-called ‘extreme scattering events’ (ESEs). While the study of astrophysical plasma lensing has primarily focused on the geometric limit of optics, coherent radio sources such as pulsars exhibit wave effects when lensed. The additional phase information provided by interference effects in the wave regime may yield more information about the lens than could be obtained in the geometric regime. In this paper, we show that, using wave effects, one can potentially distinguish a one-dimensional lens (where ‘one-dimensional’ includes both highly elongated lenses, as well as perfectly axisymmetric lenses) from a fully two-dimensional lens, with minimal assumptions on the form of the lensing potential.
The black hole population in low-mass galaxies in large-scale cosmological simulations
Authors: Haidar Houda , Habouzit Mélanie , Volonteri Marta , Mezcua Mar , Greene Jenny , Neumayer Nadine , Anglés-Alcázar Daniel , Martin-Navarro Ignacio , Hoyer Nils , Dubois Yohan , Davé Romeel 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Recent systematic searches for massive black holes (BHs) in local dwarf galaxies led to the discovery of a population of faint active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We investigate the agreement of the BH and AGN populations in the Illustris, TNG, Horizon-AGN, EAGLE, and SIMBA simulations with current observational constraints in low-mass galaxies. We find that some of these simulations produce BHs that are too massive, and that the BH occupation fraction (OF) at z = 0 is not inherited from the simulation seeding modelling. The ability of BHs and their host galaxies to power an AGN depends on BH and galaxy subgrid modelling. The fraction of AGN in low-mass galaxies is not used to calibrate the simulations, and thus can be used to differentiate galaxy formation models. AGN fractions at z = 0 span two orders of magnitude at fixed galaxy stellar mass in simulations, similarly to observational constraints, but uncertainties and degeneracies affect both observations and simulations. The agreement is difficult to interpret due to differences in the masses of simulated and observed BHs, BH OF affected by numerical choices, and an unknown fraction of obscured AGN. Our work advocates for more thorough comparisons with observations to improve the modelling of cosmological simulations, and our understanding of BH and galaxy physics in the low-mass regime. The mass of BHs, their ability to efficiently accrete gas, and the AGN fraction in low-mass galaxies have important implications for the build-up of the entire BH and galaxy populations with time.
On the simultaneous modelling of dust and stellar populations for interpretation of galaxy properties
Authors: Jones Gareth T , Stanway Elizabeth R , Carnall Adam C 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The physical properties of galaxies are encoded within their spectral energy distribution and require comparison with models to be extracted. These models must contain a synthetic stellar population and, where infrared data are to be used, also consider prescriptions for energy reprocessing and re-emission by dust. While many such models have been constructed, there are few analyses of the impact of stellar population model choice on derived dust parameters, or vice versa. Here, we apply a simple framework to compare the impact of these choices, combining three commonly used stellar population synthesis models and three dust emission models. We compare fits to the ultraviolet to far-infrared spectral energy distributions of a validation sample of infrared-luminous galaxies. We find that including different physics, such as binary stellar evolution, in the stellar synthesis model can introduce biases and uncertainties in the derived parameters of the dust and stellar emission models, largely due to differences in the far-ultraviolet emission available for reprocessing. This may help to reconcile the discrepancy between the cosmic star formation rate and stellar mass density histories. Notably the inclusion of a dusty stellar birth cloud component in the dust emission model provides more flexibility in accommodating the stellar population model, as its re-emission is highly sensitive to the ultraviolet radiation field spectrum and density. Binary populations favour a longer birth cloud dissipation time-scale than is found when assuming only single star population synthesis.
Monitoring observations of SMC X-1’s excursions (MOOSE)–I. Programme description and initial high state spectral results
Authors: Dage Kristen C , Brumback McKinley , Neilsen Joey , Hu Chin-Ping , Altamirano Diego , Bahramian Arash , Charles Philip A , Clarkson William I , Haggard Daryl , Hickox Ryan C , Kennea Jamie 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
SMC X-1 has exhibited three superorbital period excursions since the onset of X-ray monitoring beginning with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer's launch in 1995. TheNeutron star Interior Composition Explorer has recently probed a fourth observed excursion beginning in 2021 with our programme monitoring observations of SMC X-1’s excursions (moose). These sensitive new moose data probe different superorbital periods and phases within them. Spectral fits to the high-state continuum during 2021 April to 2022 January show that the intrinsic spectral shapes are characterized by a soft (kT ∼ 0.19 keV) disc component and a hard (Γ ∼ 0.7) power-law tail. When the 2021–2022 NICER observations, taken during an excursion, are compared to 2016 XMM–Newton observations (outside of an excursion), we find little evidence for intrinsic spectral variability across the high states, but find evidence for a &gt;3σ change in the absorption, although we caution that there may be calibration differences between the two instruments. Thus, over different lengths of superorbital periods, we see little evidence for intrinsic spectral changes in the high state. Upcoming studies of the pulse profiles may shed light on the mechanism behind the excursions.
On the trail of auxin: Reporters and sensors
Authors: Jedličková Veronika , Ebrahimi Naghani Shekoufeh , Robert Hélène S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The phytohormone auxin is a master regulator of plant growth and development in response to many endogenous and environmental signals. The underlying coordination of growth is mediated by the formation of auxin maxima and concentration gradients. The visualization of auxin dynamics and distribution can therefore provide essential information to increase our understanding of the mechanisms by which auxin orchestrates these growth and developmental processes. Several auxin reporters have been developed to better perceive the auxin distribution and signaling machinery in vivo. This review focuses on different types of auxin reporters and biosensors used to monitor auxin distribution and its dynamics, as well as auxin signaling, at the cellular and tissue levels in different plant species. We provide a brief history of each reporter and biosensor group and explain their principles and utilities.
A Standardized Emergency Department Order Set Decreases Admission Rates and In-Patient Length of Stay for Adults Patients with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Wachnik Anthony A , Welch-Coltrane Jena L , Adams Meredith C B , Blumstein Howard A , Pariyadath Manoj , Robinson Samuel G , Saha Amit , Summers Erik C , Hurley Robert W 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Pain associated with sickle cell disease (SCD) causes severe complications and frequent presentation to the emergency department (ED). Patients with SCD frequently report inadequate pain treatment in the ED, resulting in hospital admission. A retrospective analysis was conducted to assess a quality improvement project to standardize ED care for patients presenting with pain associated with SCD.

Methods
A 3-year prospective quality improvement initiative was performed. Our multidisciplinary team of providers implemented an ED order set in 2019 to improve care and provide adequate analgesia management. Our primary outcome was the overall hospital admission rate for patients after the intervention. Secondary outcome measures included ED disposition, rate of return to the ED within 72 hours, ED pain scores at admission and discharge, ED treatment time, in-patient length of stay, non-opioid medication use, and opioid medication use.

Results
There was an overall 67% reduction in the hospital admission rate after implementation of the order set (P = 0.005) and a significant decrease in the percentage admission rate month over month (P = 0.047). Time to the first non-opioid analgesic decreased by 71 minutes (P &gt; 0.001), and there was no change in time to the first opioid medication. The rate of return to the ED within 72 hours remained unchanged (7.0% vs 7.1%) (P = 0.93), and the ED elopement rate remained unchanged (1.3% vs 1.85%) (P = 0.93). After the implementation, there were significant increases in the prescribing of orally administered acetaminophen (7%), celecoxib (1.2%), and tizanidine (12.5%) and intravenous ketamine (30.5%) and ketorolac (27%). ED pain scores at discharge were unchanged for both hospital-admitted (7.12 vs 7.08) (P = 0.93) and non-admitted (5.51 vs 6.11) (P = 0.27) patients. The resulting potential cost reduction was determined to be $193,440 during the 12-month observation period, with the mean cost per visit decreasing by $792.

Conclusions
Use of a standardized and multimodal ED order set reduced hospital admission rates and the timeliness of analgesia without negatively impacting patients’ pain.
Voluntary Disclosure and Personalized Pricing
Authors: Ali S Nageeb , Lewis Greg , Vasserman Shoshana 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFirms have ever-increasing access to consumer data, which they use to personalize their advertising and to price discriminate. This raises privacy concerns. Policymakers have argued in response that consumers should be given control over their data, able to choose what to share and when. Since firms learn about a consumer’s preferences both from what they do and do not disclose, the equilibrium implications of consumer control are unclear. We study whether such measures improve consumer welfare in monopolistic and in competitive markets. We find that consumer control can improve consumer welfare relative to both perfect price discrimination and uniform pricing. First, consumers can use disclosure to amplify competitive forces. Second, consumers can disclose information to induce even a monopolist to lower prices. Whether consumer control improves welfare depends on the disclosure technology and market competitiveness. Simple disclosure technologies suffice in competitive markets. When facing a monopolist, a consumer needs partial disclosure possibilities to obtain any welfare gains.
Identifying SARS-CoV-2 regional introductions and transmission clusters in real time
Authors: McBroome Jakob , Martin Jennifer , de Bernardi Schneider Adriano , Turakhia Yatish , Corbett-Detig Russell 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe unprecedented severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) global sequencing effort has suffered from an analytical bottleneck. Many existing methods for phylogenetic analysis are designed for sparse, static datasets and are too computationally expensive to apply to densely sampled, rapidly expanding datasets when results are needed immediately to inform public health action. For example, public health is often concerned with identifying clusters of closely related samples, but the sheer scale of the data prevents manual inspection and the current computational models are often too expensive in time and resources. Even when results are available, intuitive data exploration tools are of critical importance to effective public health interpretation and action. To help address this need, we present a phylogenetic heuristic that quickly and efficiently identifies newly introduced strains in a region, resulting in clusters of infected individuals, and their putative geographic origins. We show that this approach performs well on simulated data and yields results largely congruent with more sophisticated Bayesian phylogeographic modeling approaches. We also introduce Cluster-Tracker (https://clustertracker.gi.ucsc.edu/), a novel interactive web-based tool to facilitate effective and intuitive SARS-CoV-2 geographic data exploration and visualization across the USA. Cluster-Tracker is updated daily and automatically identifies and highlights groups of closely related SARS-CoV-2 infections resulting from the transmission of the virus between two geographic areas by travelers, streamlining public health tracking of local viral diversity and emerging infection clusters. The site is open-source and designed to be easily configured to analyze any chosen region, making it a useful resource globally. The combination of these open-source tools will empower detailed investigations of the geographic origins and spread of SARS-CoV-2 and other densely sampled pathogens.
Characteristics and Effectiveness of Postoperative Rehabilitation Strategies in Ankle Fractures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Plinsinga Melanie , Manzanero Silvia , Johnston Venerina , Andrews Nicole , Barlas Panos , McCreanor Victoria 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
To explore the characteristics and to report on the effectiveness of postoperative rehabilitation strategies for people with an ankle fracture.

Data Sources:
PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CINAHL were searched to identify studies published from January 2010 to November 2021.

Study Selection:
Studies that described or evaluated postoperative rehabilitation strategies for surgically repaired ankle fractures were included.

Data Extraction:
Data on postoperative rehabilitation were extracted in accordance with the Template for Intervention Description and Replication guide. Quality was assessed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Study Quality Assessment Tools.

Data Synthesis:
Meta-analysis was planned to look at the effectiveness of postoperative rehabilitation strategies. Forty studies described postoperative rehabilitation strategies without evaluating effectiveness, whereas 15 studies focused on evaluating effectiveness. Because of the large variety in postoperative strategies and outcomes, narrative synthesis was deemed most suitable to answer our aims. Characteristics of postoperative rehabilitation strategies varied widely and were poorly described in a way that could not be replicated. Most of the studies (48%) used a late weight-bearing approach, although definitions and details around weight-bearing were unclear.

Conclusions:
Late weight-bearing has been the most common postoperative approach reported in the past 10 years. The variety of definitions around weight-bearing and the lack of details of rehabilitation regimens limit replication and affect current clinical practice. The authors propose to adopt consistent definitions and terminology around postoperative practices such as weight-bearing to improve evidence for effectiveness and ultimately patient outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Treatment of Diaphyseal Tibial Fractures Distal to a Total Knee Arthroplasty by Intramedullary Nailing Is Safe and Effective
Authors: Shaath Mohamed Kareem , Avilucea Frank R. , Kerr Matthew , Young Everett , MacKenzie Ronald , Langford Joshua R. , Haidukewych George J. 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
To report the clinical result of a series of patients who underwent intramedullary nailing (IMN) of tibial shaft fractures distal to a total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Design:
Retrospective case series.

Setting:
Level-1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
Patients who sustained a tibial shaft fracture distal to a TKA treated with an IMN.

Intervention:
IMN of tibial shaft fractures distal to a TKA.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Postoperative weight-bearing status, readmissions, and complications or failure of treatment within 90 days; Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores at the final follow-up; failure of treatment; and revision surgery.

Results:
Nine patients were included. The average age was 71.4 years (range 55–87 years). All TKAs were cemented. The average distance between the tibial keel and the cortical density of the tibial tubercle was 24.1 mm (range 19.5–26.7 mm). Six nails were inserted using an infrapatellar portal, 2 were inserted using a suprapatellar portal, and 1 was inserted using a lateral parapatellar approach. The median nail diameter was 10 mm (range 9–12 mm). All fractures were healed at the final follow-up. There were no infections or arthroplasty-related complications. Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores ranged from 100% to 74% (median 82%).

Conclusion:
Overall, we report on the largest cohort in the literature undergoing IMN of a tibial shaft fracture distal to a TKA. We demonstrate that IMN of diaphyseal tibial fractures distal to a TKA can be performed safely. We additionally demonstrate that this treatment is highly effective in achieving fracture union with no arthroplasty-related complications.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.