bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Bottom Line is You Deserve These Things’: Experiences of Social Security Claimants as Lessons for Take-up Advocacy
Authors: Tarshish Noam 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Non-take-up of social benefits is widely viewed as a critical problem in the modern welfare state, undermining the social contract between it and its citizens. Social work has always been considered a key profession in promoting take-up of social benefits as part of its professional commitment to human rights and advocacy. Yet, despite recent research efforts aiming to conceptualise take-up advocacy, there is a clear need to address the experience of claimants who have successfully taken up their rights and to learn from their experiences to identity best practices. This study drew on thirty-two semi-structured interviews with claimants successful in taking up social benefits in order to learn how they had overcome take-up barriers. The findings highlight four key lessons for increasing the likelihood of take-up in practice: (1) take the first step; (2) become an expert; (3) use your strengths; and (4) seek support. Together, these lessons present a multifaceted view of strategies used successfully to facilitate take-up, emphasising the importance of the claimants’ personal capabilities, strengths and experiential knowledge as important gateways to take-up. These findings are also discussed in light of the existing knowledge on take-up advocacy by social workers.
Neurons derived from individual early Alzheimer’s disease patients reflect their clinical vulnerability
Authors: Ng Bryan , Rowland Helen A , Wei Tina , Arunasalam Kanisa , Hayes Emma Mee , Koychev Ivan , Hedegaard Anne , Ribe Elena M , Chan Dennis , Chessell Tharani , Ffytche Dominic , Gunn Roger N , Kocagoncu Ece , Lawson Jennifer , Malhotra Paresh A , Ridha Basil H , Rowe James B , Thomas Alan J , Zamboni Giovanna , Buckley Noel J , Cader Zameel M , Lovestone Simon , Wade-Martins Richard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Establishing preclinical models of Alzheimer’s disease that predict clinical outcomes remains a critically important, yet to date not fully realized, goal. Models derived from human cells offer considerable advantages over non-human models, including the potential to reflect some of the inter-individual differences that are apparent in patients. Here we report an approach using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neurons from people with early symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease where we sought a match between individual disease characteristics in the cells with analogous characteristics in the people from whom they were derived. We show that the response to amyloid-β burden in life, as measured by cognitive decline and brain activity levels, varies between individuals and this vulnerability rating correlates with the individual cellular vulnerability to extrinsic amyloid-β in vitro as measured by synapse loss and function. Our findings indicate that patient-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neurons not only present key aspects of Alzheimer’s disease pathology but also reflect key aspects of the clinical phenotypes of the same patients. Cellular models that reflect an individual’s in-life clinical vulnerability thus represent a tractable method of Alzheimer’s disease modelling using clinical data in combination with cellular phenotypes.
Poster No. 040 Traversing boundaries inside the heart
Authors: Oliveira Inês Pereira , Cruz Isabel , Lopes Rafaela , Bragança Bruno , Campos Inês , Azevedo João , Andrade Aurora 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An 84-year-old man with previous pulmonary embolism (PE) was admitted to hospital for acute dyspnea. He was normotensive, but tachypneic and tachycardic. Non-relevant findings on auscultation. ECG showed sinus tachycardia and blood tests depicted elevated D-dimers and troponin I. Angio-CT diagnosed a PE. Echocardiogram (echo) showed an enlarged right ventricle with depressed function, a flattened septum with paradoxical movement, preserved left ventricular function, no intracavitary masses. Enoxaparin was started. Days later he developed new left sided hemiparesis. Acute ischemic cerebral lesion on CT scan. Echo disclosed a new hyperechogenic highly mobile mass attached to the interatrial septum moving from the right to the left atrium, suggestive of thrombus. Anticoagulation was maintained and on new echo evaluation days later there were no intracardiac masses. Agitated saline echo testing disclosed the presence of a patent foramen ovale, supporting the previous notion that a thrombus was moving between interatrial chambers. Oncological screening and prothrombotic evaluation were not completed due to unfavorable clinical evolution.
Paradoxical embolism (PaE) is usually a presumptive diagnosis. It is rarely found in clinical practice, though its prevalence may be underestimated due to the transient nature of the phenomenon and the difficulty in identifying a venous thrombus-in-transit through a cardiac defect and subsequent arterial embolism. The presence of a thrombus-in-transit modifies the treatment strategy, requiring urgent management due to the impeding risk of PaE, with treatment options comprising anticoagulation, thrombolysis and thrombectomy. Although no consensus exists regarding optimal strategy, surgical embolectomy is the favored approach in most published cases.
Poster No. 095 The predictors of clinical outcome in the patients undergoing endovascular intervention for lower extremity peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Ok Kim Byung 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) have a higher mortality rate than patients without PAD. This study aimed to identify the predictors of mortality outcomes in patients with peripheral artery disease undergoing lower extremity endovascular interventions.

Materials and methods
We studied 300 consecutive patients admitted for symptomatic PAD. A 196 patients without angina and prior coronary revascularization (72 ± 10 years, 156 men) who underwent lower extremity endovascular intervention (claudication, n = 74; critical limb ischemia, n = 122) were retrospectively analyzed. Results: During follow-up, all-cause mortality and MACCE at 3 year were 16.3% and 19.8%, respectively. The independent risk factors for all-cause mortality were old age (HR = 1.05, P = 0.043), lower body mass index (HR = 0.83, P = 0.016), critical limb ischemia (HR = 3.74, P = 0.033) and the presence of CAD (HR = 2.85, P = 0.027). This variable surpassed all classical risk factors (including smoking and history of hypertension or diabetes mellitus). Of the 196 patients, 101 patients (52%) had asymptomatic CAD; 1-VD (n = 35, 18%); 2-VD (n = 32, 16%); 3-VD (n = 28, 14%). At 3 year follow-up, patients with CAD had significantly higher all-cause mortality (19% vs. 11%, P = 0.018) and higher MACCE rate (26% vs. 8%, P = 0.001) compared to those without CAD.

Conclusions
Asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) was found in half of the patients undergoing endovascular intervention for PAD and associated with higher mortality and MACCE rate. Therefore, detection of CAD might be important for risk stratification for these patients, especially with lower body mass index or critical limb ischemia.
Oral Presentation No. 112 Treatment of pulmonary embolism after paradoxical stroke
Authors: Martinho Mariana , Cotrim Nuno , Ferreira Melanie , Calé Rita , Ferreira Filipa , Grilo Vilma , Gisca Eugeniu , Fonseca Ana Glória , Gomes Ana , Judas Tiago , Pereira Hélder , Delerue Francisca 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction
A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is often diagnosed in cryptogenic strokes and concurrent pulmonary embolism (PE) may be associated. Although often asymptomatic and with low recurrence risk, the best therapy is controversial.

Purpose
To study the results of oral anticogulation (OAC) in this population.

Methods
Retrospective single-centre study (2015–2020) of pts with asymptomatic PE diagnosed after a paradoxical stroke due to a PFO.

Results
Forty pts were included. Mean age was 56 ± 11 years and 55% were female. At diagnosis, 27.5%, 50.0%, 17.5% and 5.9% had none, weak, moderate and strong predisposing factors for PE, respectively. Most pts had peripheral events: 60.0% subsegmental, 37.5% segmental and 2.5% lobar.
Regarding treatment, 97.5% initiated OAC (90.0% direct OAC, 7.5% vitamin K antagonist); 1 pt single antiaggregation; 30% had percutaneous PFO closure.
Mean clinical follow-up (FUP) was 32 ± 22 months. There was 1 recurrent PE and 1 non-cardiovascular death. Mean time under OAC (TUOAC) was 27 ± 26 months. The only predictor of OAC suspension was PFO closure (17.9% vs. 50.0%, P = 0.037). Of these pts, 50.0% suspended OAC after the procedure (TUOAC 23.2 ± 17.9 months); the remaining had a TUOAC of 28.9 ± 29.9 months. Age or PE predisposing factors were not associated with OAC suspension or TUOAC. There were 3 clinically relevant haemorrhagic events (1 BARC3a,1 BARC3b, 1 BARC3c). TUOAC was neither associated with bleeding (P = 0.307) nor with perfusion defects resolution in FUP scintigraphy (55.5 vs. 16.0 months, P = 0.172).

Conclusions
TUOAC was not associated with perfusion defects resolution, ischemic or bleeding events. Management of these pts needs more evidence and consensus.
Clinical Case 07—Acute myocardial infarction due to paradoxical embolism: a difficult and underrecognized diagnosis
Authors: Oliveira Cátia , Proença Tânia , Pinho Ana , Santos Luís , Cabrita André , Marques Catarina , Amador Ana Filipa , Calvão João , Costa Catarina , Carvalho Miguel , Pinto Ricardo , Lebreiro Ana , Macedo Filipe 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Paradoxical embolism occurs when embolic material crosses from the venous to the arterial circulation through an intracardiac defect, such as a patent foramen ovale (PFO). Although rare, it may be a cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), requiring a high degree of clinical suspicion for diagnosis.
We report a case of a 30-year-old man presenting in the emergency department with prolonged atypical left thoracic pain, electrocardiogram showing sinus rhythm with 1 mm ST-elevation in the inferior leads, and high-sensitivity troponin I elevation (maximum of 20 682 ng/L). The patient underwent emergent coronary angiography which showed apparently normal coronary arteries.
The patient was then submitted to cardiac magnetic resonance that showed a recent transmural infarction of the inferior wall. (Figure 1). A right coronary branch was assumed as the culprit.
Additional study was made, with trans-esophageal echocardiogram (TEE) with agitated saline test revealing a PFO with spontaneous right-left shunt (Figure 1). No intra-cavitary thrombus or other embolic source were found and the patient remained in sinus rhythm. Thrombophilia and auto-immune panel were negative.
A presumptive diagnosis of paradoxical coronary emboli was made. PFO closure was performed with the Noblestich© system (a suture-based system).
In conclusion, although paradoxical coronary artery embolism is an established cause of ACS, it requires a high degree of clinical suspicion for diagnosis. Recognition of this condition is important as it influences patients’ management and prognosis and percutaneous device closure of the PFO should be considered to prevent future embolic events. Figure 1A: Short axis cardiac resonance showing transmural late gadolinium enhancement in the inferior wall. B and C: Trans-esophageal echocardiography with Doppler signal (B) and agitated saline test (C) showing the PFO with shunting.
Clinical Case 29—The role of transthoracic echocardiography on patients presenting with shock of unknown etiology
Authors: Paula Sofia B , Figueiredo Margarida , Santos Mariana , Santos Hélder , Almeida Samuel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Seventy-six-year-old woman, with a previous medical history of arterial hypertension, dyslipidaemia, hypothyroidism and mitral valve plasty (previous rheumatic fever) presents to the emergency department with unspecific complaints of malaise, productive cough and dyspnoea for the past 15 days. At admission, the patient was conscient, apyretic, tachycardic, hypotensive and with peripheric oxygen saturation of 90% (on room air). The patient became haemodynamically unstable and unresponsive.
Electrocardiogram with sinus tachycardia, SIQIII pattern and a slight ST elevation in aVR and ST depression in DI, aVL and precordial leads. TTE revealed right cavities dilatation and the presence of a serpiginous echogenic mass that protruded from the inferior vena cava crossing the right atrium and reaching the right ventricle. Thrombolysis, fluid challenge and vasopressor perfusion were immediately started with a good clinic response.
Haemodynamic stability was achieved 5 hours after the thrombolysis. An unfractionated heparin perfusion was initiated after the thrombolysis and discontinued 24 h after the patient was admitted. The remaining hospitalization was uneventful and the patient was discharged 7 days after on a non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant. TTE revaluation before discharge revealed mild dilatation of the right cavities with mild systolic dysfunction of the right ventricle and a normal PSAP.
There is no scientific evidence regarding the best strategy to approach a patient with a migrating thrombus and TTE is of high value in the case of shock due to its high specificity as a rule-in test, especially when the patient cannot undergo other types of exams. Figure 1Transthoracic echocardiography (subcostal 4 chamber view) showing the presence of a serpiginous echogenic mass in the right atrium (red arrow).
Antithrombotic treatment beyond 1 year after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Jensen Thomas , Thrane Pernille G , Olesen Kevin K W , Würtz Morten , Mortensen Martin Bødtker , Gyldenkerne Christine , Thim Troels , Nørgaard Bjarne Linde , Jensen Jesper Møller , Kristensen Steen Dalby , Nielsen Jens C , Eikelboom John W , Maeng Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsBeyond 1 year after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), guidelines recommend anticoagulant monotherapy in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) rather than dual therapy with an anticoagulant and an antiplatelet drug. The risks and benefits of this strategy, however, remain uncertain. We examined hospitalization for bleeding and ischaemic risk beyond 1 year after PCI in patients with AF treated with monotherapy vs. dual therapy. Furthermore, among patients treated with monotherapy, we compared direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy and vitamin K antagonist (VKA) therapy.Methods and resultsWe included all patients with AF undergoing first-time PCI between 2003 and 2017 from the Western Denmark Heart Registry and followed them for up to 4 years. Follow-up started 15 months after PCI to enable assessment of medical treatment after 12 months. Using a Cox regression model, we computed weighted hazard ratios (HRw) of hospitalization for bleeding and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). Analyses comparing monotherapy vs. dual therapy included 3331 patients, and analyses comparing DOAC vs. VKA monotherapy included 1275 patients. Risks of hospitalization for bleeding [HRw 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75–1.09] and MACE (HRw 1.04, 95% CI 0.90–1.19) were similar with monotherapy and dual therapy. Similarly, risks of hospitalization for bleeding (HRw 1.27, 95% CI 0.84–1.92) and MACE (HRw 1.15, 95% CI 0.87–1.50) were equal with DOAC and VKA monotherapy.ConclusionOur results support long-term OAC monotherapy beyond 1 year after PCI in patients with atrial fibrillation and suggest that DOAC monotherapy is as safe and effective as VKA monotherapy.
Family physicians’ perspectives on the impact of COVID-19 on preventative care in primary care: findings from a qualitative study
Authors: Vaughan Crystal , Lukewich Julia , Mathews Maria , Marshall Emily Gard , Hedden Lindsay , Spencer Sarah , Ryan Dana , McCracken Rita K , Gill Paul , Wetmore Stephen , Buote Richard , Meredith Leslie , Moritz Lauren , Brown Judith Belle 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Health system disruptions, caused by unexpected emergencies such as disease outbreaks, natural disasters, and cybercrimes, impact the delivery of routine preventative care. As comprehensive care providers, family physicians (FPs) devote significant time to prevention. However, without emergency and pandemic plans in place in primary care, FPs face added barriers to prioritizing and sustaining preventative care when health systems are strained, which was evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to describe FPs’ experiences providing preventative care during the COVID-19 pandemic and their perceptions of the impacts of disrupted preventative care in primary care settings.

Methods
Using a qualitative descriptive approach, we conducted semistructured interviews with FPs across 4 provinces in Canada (i.e. Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, British Columbia) between October 2020 and June 2021 as part of a larger multiple case study. These interviews broadly explored the roles and responsibilities of FPs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interviews were coded thematically and codes from the larger study were analysed further using an iterative, phased process of thematic analysis.

Results
Interviews averaged 58 min in length (range 17–97 min) and FPs had a mean of 16.9 years of experience. We identified 4 major themes from interviews with FPs (n = 68): (i) lack of capacity and coordination across health systems, (ii) patient fear, (iii) impacts on patient care, and (iv) negative impacts on FPs. Physicians voiced concerns with managing patients’ prevention needs when testing availability and coordination of services was limited. Early in the pandemic, patients were also missing or postponing their own primary care appointments. Change in the provision and coordination of routine preventative care had negative impacts on both patients and physicians, affecting disease incidence/progression, physician workload, and psychological wellbeing.

Conclusion
During the COVID-19 pandemic, upstream care efforts were impacted, and FPs were forced to reduce their provision of preventative care. FPs contribute direct insight to primary care delivery that can support pandemic planning to ensure preventative care is sustained during future emergencies.
In the shadow of the Saint Bartholomew’s massacre: justice for victims and the negotiations for peace, 1572–1575
Authors: Greengrass Mark 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article examines the negotiations between Henri III and Protestant delegates in April–May 1575. Although they did not lead to the hoped-for pacification of the civil wars that had begun in the wake of the massacre of Saint Bartholomew, the surviving, detailed journal of the discussions, emanating probably from the leading Protestant negotiator, gives us an insight into the way the massacre overshadowed their deliberations. The article focuses on the demands for justice for the victims of the events of 1572 and the discussions that ensued. They enable us to see how the massacre was a negotiating counter, and to explain why, ultimately, there would be no justice for the victims.
Time-domain poroelastic full-waveform inversion of shallow seismic data: methodology and sensitivity analysis
Authors: Liu Tingting , Bohlen Thomas 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARY
Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is considered as a high-resolution imaging technique to recover the geophysical parameters of the elastic subsurface from the entire content of the seismic signals. However, the subsurface material properties are less well estimated with elastic constraints, especially for the near-surface structure, which usually contains fluid contents. Since Biot theory has provided a framework to describe seismic wave propagations in the poroelastic media, in this work, we propose an algorithm for the 2-D time-domain (TD) poroelastic FWI (PFWI) when the fluid-saturated poroelastic equations are applied to carve the physical mechanism in the shallow subsurface. To detect the contribution of the poroelastic parameters to shallow seismic wavefields, the scattered P-SV&SH wavefields corresponding to a single model parameter are derived explicitly by Born approximation and shown numerically afterward. The Fréchet kernels are also derived and exhibited in P-SV&SH schemes to analyse the sensitivities of the objective function to different poroelastic parameters. Furthermore, we verify the accuracy of the derivations through model parameter reconstructions. We perform a series of numerical tests on gradients with respect to different model parameters to further evaluate inter-parameter trade-offs. PFWI holds potential possibilities to directly invert fluid-related physical parameters of the shallow subsurface.
A naive Bayesian method to chase mantle plumes in global tomography models
Authors: Van Camp M , de Viron O , Ferreira A M G , Verhoeven O 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARY
This study provides a quantitative approach to search for mantle plumes in global seismic tomography models without any preconceived notions about the associated mantle velocity anomalies, other than the assumption that the plumes are not significantly deflected horizontally by more than 6°, anywhere in the mantle. We design identification tests with a reasonable detection threshold while keeping false alarms at a level lower than 5 per cent. This is based on a naive Bayesian clustering analysis, which is possible thanks to the varimax principal component analysis that provides components of the tomography models that are much more independent than the original number of depth slices in the models. We find that using such independent components greatly reduces detection errors compared to using an arbitrary number of depth slices due to correlations between the different slices. We detect a wide range of behaviour of the seismic velocity profiles underneath the hotspots investigated in this study. Moreover, we retrieve locations away from hotspots that have similar seismic velocity profile signatures to those underneath some hotspots. Hence, it is not possible to obtain a unique definition of seismic velocity anomalies that are associated with hotspots and thus care needs to be taken when searching for mantle plumes beneath hotspots using prior assumptions about the velocity anomalies that might be associated with them. On the other hand, we establish a probability distribution of the seismic velocity profiles that is specific to a sublist of hotspots. Overall, the mantle plume zones identified in our analysis do not appear to surround the Africa and Pacific large low shear velocity provinces (LLSVPs), but are rather within them. This rules out the idea that LLSVPs correspond to compact, dense piles with mantle plumes rising from their edges. Instead, our analysis suggests two possible options that either the LLSVPs: (1) correspond to bundles of thermochemical mantle plumes or (2) are made up of compact piles topped by a bundle of plumes.