bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Efficacy of Bio-synthesized Silver Nanoparticles with Carica papaya Extract against Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice
Authors: Nassar Adebayo , Adedokun Amudatu Ambali , Onosakponome Evelyn Orevaoghene , Adegun Oluwafemi Joseph , Bakare Sodiq Adedolapo , Ayodele Emmanuel Adebayo 
Published: December 2022

Background: The evolution of antimalarial drug resistance increases malaria's burden and is a recurring concern in the global fight against malaria. Medicinal herbs have played an important role in the treatment of malaria and have been advised in reducing Plasmodium parasite resistance to standard antimalarial medications. Papaya contains antimalarial bioactive chemicals. Medicinal plants have been found to have some limitations such as poor dosage regimens, determination of active phytochemical components and specific delivery issues at the right time without causing serious damage to the concerned tissue and organs in the body system. Using nanotechnology and nanomedicine for malaria treatment can overcome these limitations.
Objective: This study was aimed to assess the potential of Carica papaya leaf extract with silver nanoparticles against Plasmodium berghei-infected mice.
Materials and Methods: Fresh Carica papaya leaves were collected in Oke-Arade, Ogbomoso, active contents of leaves were extracted and biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were passed into the infected experimental mice. For the investigation, 40 mice were utilized, and their parasitemia level, haematological and histological parameters determined to assess safety effect of the nanoparticle as well as efficacy of the extract. Kidney and liver samples were analyzed for haematological, parasitological, and histological parameters.
Results: On days 3 and 5, Ag-NPs at 25mg/Kg and 50mg/Kg cleared malaria parasitemia better than plant extracts at 100mg/Kg and 200mg/Kg (p<0.05). The mice's weight loss improved on day 5 (p>0.05), as did PCV (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The Ag-NPs synthesized with C. papaya showed antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei as more of the infected red blood cells were cleared indicating a decrease in parasitemia coupled with the reduction of the malaria parasite density across the experimental periods. This process of synthesizing Ag-NPs with the extract is simple and cost effective, thereby it's a promising antimalarial alternative.
Socio-Economic Importance of Solar Energy Application in Poultry Production System
Authors: Okonkwo W. I. , Ohagwu C. J. , Ojike O. , Ezenne G. I. , Olayinka K. E. , Onyechi A. U. 
Published: December 2022

Solar energy is a renewable, inexhaustible and affordable form of energy that could help mitigate climate change in poultry production systems. Its application as an emerging technology in poultry production systems is not common among the Nigerian poultry farmers. This paper presents a survey of poultry farms in Enugu State, Southeast, Nigeria. The purpose of the survey was to ascertain the status of solar energy application in Poultry production systems in the state. A survey was conducted on the methods farmers use in poultry day-old chicks brooding technology. A total of 60 poultry farms were selected at random for the survey. Data was collected using a 25 structured questionnaire items. It was observed that two types of poultry brooding methods were in use by the poultry farmers. These were conventional method (the use of fossil fuel and electric power), and non-conventional method (the use of solar energy) respectively. Survey results showed that out of 60 respondents 25% and 65% used kerosene, and combined electric/kerosene brooding methods in their brooding operations respectively. Only 10% of the respondents have used solar energy technology in their poultry brooding operations. The average mortality rates were 22.38%, 12.17% and 2.97% for kerosene, combined electric/kerosene, and solar energy respectively, while US$474.54, US$2,456.34 and US$49.1, were the respective average energy cost implications for each brooding methods eight times in a year. Solar energy was observed to have the lowest mortality rate and the least energy cost implications among the rest. Further response from the farmers showed inadequate power supply, greenhouse gas emission, fire outbreak and low profit margins characterized kerosene, and the combined electric/kerosene usage while solar energy application was observed to be environmentally and user friendly with low mortality rate and low energy cost. Solar energy utilization therefore appears the most attractive option because of the advantages it has over others. Its use in poultry brooding production will improve and enhance environmental air quality, healthy chicks’ production with higher profit margins. Its wide application in poultry production in Enugu State, Nigeria however, demands sensitization and educational awareness among the stakeholders.
Changes in Racial Equity Associated With Participation in the Bundled Payments for Care Improvement Advanced Program
Authors: Hammond Gmerice , Orav E. John , Zheng Jie , Epstein Arnold M. , Joynt Maddox Karen E. 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceThe Medicare alternative payment models are designed to incentivize cost reduction and quality improvement, but there are no requirements established for evaluating the outcomes of the Medicare populations.ObjectiveTo examine whether participation in the Medicare Bundled Payments for Care Improvement Advanced (BPCI-A) program was associated with narrowing or widening of Black and White racial inequities in outcomes and access.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsRetrospective cohort alternative payment models on equity and quality for disadvantaged populations were studied between April 6, 2021, and August 28, 2022, in US hospitals. Black and White Medicare beneficiaries admitted for any of the 29 inpatient conditions in the BPCI-A program between January 1, 2017, and September 31, 2019, were included.ExposuresBPCI-A participation implemented in 2018.Main Outcomes and MeasuresNinety-day readmission and mortality, healthy days at home, and proportion of Black patients hospitalized. Segmented regression models were used to examine quarterly changes in slopes for each outcome.ResultsThe sample included 6 690 336 episodes (6 019 359 White patients, 670 977 Black patients). The population comprised approximately 43% men, 57% women, 17% individuals younger than 65 years, 47% between ages 65 and 80 years, and 36% older than 80 years. Prior to implementation of the BPCI-A program, compared with episodes for White patients, Black patients had higher 90-day readmissions (36.3% vs 29.6%), similar 90-day mortality (12.3% vs 13.3%), and fewer healthy days at home (mean, 68.5 vs 69.5 days). BPCI-A participation was not associated with significant changes in the racial gap in readmissions but was associated with a greater gain in heathy days at home (differences by race, −0.07 days per quarter; 95% CI, −0.12 to −0.01 days per quarter). Among Black patients admitted to BPCI-A hospitals vs controls, healthy days at home increased by 0.09 more days/episode per quarter (95% CI, 0.02-0.17 days/episode per quarter). The proportion of Black patients decreased similarly at BPCI-A and control hospitals.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, BPCI-A participation was not associated with improvements in racial inequities in clinical outcomes. Black patients in BPCI-A had a slight gain in healthy days at home; there were no changes in access. The findings of this study suggest that more needs to be done if payment policy reform is going to be part of the efforts to address glaring racial inequities in health care quality and outcomes. These findings support a need for payment policy reform specifically targeting equity-enhancing programs.
Computed Tomographic Radiomics in Differentiating Histologic Subtypes of Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Mandi , Perucho Jose A. U. , Hu Yangling , Choi Moon Hyung , Han Lujun , Wong Esther M. F. , Ho Grace , Zhang Xiaoling , Ip Philip , Lee Elaine Y. P. 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceEpithelial ovarian carcinoma is heterogeneous and classified according to the World Health Organization Tumour Classification, which is based on histologic features and molecular alterations. Preoperative prediction of the histologic subtypes could aid in clinical management and disease prognostication.ObjectiveTo assess the value of radiomics based on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) in differentiating histologic subtypes of epithelial ovarian carcinoma in multicenter data sets.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this diagnostic study, 665 patients with histologically confirmed epithelial ovarian carcinoma were retrospectively recruited from 4 centers (Hong Kong, Guangdong Province of China, and Seoul, South Korea) between January 1, 2012, and February 28, 2022. The patients were randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 532) and a testing cohort (n = 133) with a ratio of 8:2. This process was repeated 100 times. Tumor segmentation was manually delineated on each section of contrast-enhanced CT images to encompass the entire tumor. The Mann-Whitney U test and voted least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were performed for feature reduction and selection. Selected features were used to build the logistic regression model for differentiating high-grade serous carcinoma and non–high-grade serous carcinoma.ExposuresContrast-enhanced CT-based radiomics.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIntraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of tumor segmentation were measured by Dice similarity coefficients. The diagnostic efficiency of the model was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve.ResultsIn this study, 665 female patients (mean [SD] age, 53.6 [10.9] years) with epithelial ovarian carcinoma were enrolled and analyzed. The Dice similarity coefficients of intraobserver and interobserver were all greater than 0.80. Twenty radiomic features were selected for modeling. The areas under the curve of the logistic regression model in differentiating high-grade serous carcinoma and non–high-grade serous carcinoma were 0.837 (95% CI, 0.835-0.838) for the training cohort and 0.836 (95% CI, 0.833-0.840) for the testing cohort.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this diagnostic study, radiomic features extracted from contrast-enhanced CT were useful in the classification of histologic subtypes in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of tumor segmentation was excellent. The proposed logistic regression model offered excellent discriminative ability among histologic subtypes.
Activated Platelet‐Targeted IR780 Immunoliposomes for Photothermal Thrombolysis
Authors: Refaat Ahmed , del Rosal Blanca , Bongcaron Viktoria , Walsh Aidan P. G. , Pietersz Geoffrey , Peter Karlheinz , Moulton Simon E. , Wang Xiaowei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAcute thrombosis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Pharmacological thrombolysis relies on plasminogen activators (PAs), which are associated with major side effects including potentially fatal bleeding. Alternative therapeutic options that do not rely on PAs are urgently required. Here, the efficacy of targeted photothermal therapy is evaluated for thrombolysis using liposomes loaded with IR780 dye, which release heat upon near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation. Liposomes targeted to activated platelets—one of the main components of thrombi—accumulate preferentially in thrombi both in vitro and in vivo compared to non‐targeted controls. In a mouse model of thrombosis, targeted IR780 immunoliposomes (Tar‐IR‐L) produce ≈12 °C average local temperature increase upon NIR irradiation (5 min, 1 W cm−2). This causes a significant reduction in clot area compared to controls treated with non‐targeted liposomes or phosphate‐buffered saline, which only increase local temperature slightly (6 and 3 °C) when irradiated. Co‐loading a low‐dose single chain urokinase plasminogen activator (scuPA) to targeted IR780 liposomes (Tar‐scuPA‐IR‐L) does not result in a superior thrombolytic effect, which indicates that photothermal therapy alone may allow thrombolysis without the need for fibrinolytic drugs. This approach may prevent potential bleeding complications, promising a safer alternative to current pharmacological approaches.
3D Printable One‐Part Carbon Nanotube‐Elastomer Ink for Health Monitoring Applications
Authors: Shar Andy , Glass Phillip , Park Sung Hyun , Joung Daeha 
Published: December 2022

Abstract3D printing of conductive elastomers is a promising route to personalized health monitoring applications due to its flexibility and biocompatibility. Here, a one‐part, highly conductive, flexible, stretchable, 3D printable carbon nanotube (CNT)‐silicone composite is developed and thoroughly characterized. The one‐part nature of the inks: i) enables printing without prior mixing and cures under ambient conditions; ii) allows direct dispensing at ≈100 µm resolution printability on nonpolar and polar substrates; iii) forms both self‐supporting and high‐aspect‐ratio structures, key aspects in additive biomanufacturing that eliminate the need for sacrificial layers; and iv) lends efficient, reproducible, and highly sensitive responses to various tensile and compressive stimuli. The high electrical and thermal conductivity of the CNT‐silicone composite is further extended to facilitate use as a flexible and stretchable heating element, with applications in body temperature regulation, water distillation, and dual temperature sensing and Joule heating. Overall, the facile fabrication of this composite points to excellent synergy with direct ink writing and can be used to prepare patient‐specific wearable electronics for motion detection and cardiac and respiratory monitoring devices and toward advanced personal health tracking and bionic skin applications.
Self‐Reconstruction of Single‐Atom‐Thick A Layers in Nanolaminated MAX Phases for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Hu Chun , Dong Huilong , Li Youbing , Sinha Sapna , Wang Changda , Xu Wenjie , Song Li , Suenaga Kazu , Geng Hongbo , Wang Jiacheng , Huang Qing , Tan Yuanzhi , Huang Xiaoqing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMn+1AXn (MAX) phases are a family of nanolaminated ternary carbide/nitride, which are generally investigated as high‐safety structural materials, but their direct applications on electrocatalysis is still far from reality. Here, it is shown that by taking the advantages of self‐reconstruction, a unique class of MAX phases of V2(Sn, A)C (A = Ni, Co, Fe) can be adopted as efficient catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The specific single‐atomic‐thick (Sn, A) layers within V–C networks in V2(Sn, A)C are highly flexible to react with electrolyte. As a result, the V2(Sn, Ni)C (VSNC) can maintain bulk crystalline structure, and merely encounter surface reconstruction to generate Ni‐based oxyhydroxide accompanying with the self‐doping of V and Sn elements under alkaline OER condition. The surface‐reconstructed VSNC exhibits significantly enhanced OER performance to that of reconstructed Ni nanopowder and V2SnC. Density functional theory simulations indicate that the doping of Sn/V into γ‐NiOOH leads to the change of reaction pathway of alkaline OER, while the introduction of V can reduce the reaction barrier to facilitate the OER process. This study exhibits a new functionality of a unique MAX phase toward OER, which puts forward the potential applications of MAX phase materials in electrocatalysis and beyond.
Amyloid‐Based Albumin Hydrogels
Authors: Diaz Carolina , Missirlis Dimitris 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAmyloid fibrils may serve as building blocks for the preparation of novel hydrogel materials from abundant, low‐cost, and biocompatible polypeptides. This work presents the formation of physically cross‐linked, self‐healing hydrogels based on bovine serum albumin at room temperature through a straightforward disulfide reduction step induced by tris (2‐carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride. The structure and surface charge of the amyloid‐like fibrils is determined by the pH of the solution during self‐assembly, giving rise to hydrogels with distinct physicochemical properties. The hydrogel surface can be readily functionalized with the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin and supports cell adhesion, spreading, and long‐term culture. This study offers a simple, versatile, and inexpensive method to prepare amyloid‐based albumin hydrogels with potential applications in the biomedical field.
Orbital‐Hybridization‐Driven Charge Density Wave Transition in CsV3Sb5 Kagome Superconductor
Authors: Han Shulun , Tang Chi Sin , Li Linyang , Liu Yi , Liu Huimin , Gou Jian , Wu Jing , Zhou Difan , Yang Ping , Diao Caozheng , Ji Jiacheng , Bao Jinke , Zhang Lingfeng , Zhao Mingwen , Milošević Milorad V. , Guo Yanqun , Tian Lijun , Breese Mark B. H. , Cao Guanghan , Cai Chuanbing , Wee Andrew T. S. , Yin Xinmao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOwing to its inherent non‐trivial geometry, the unique structural motif of the recently discovered kagome topological superconductor AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs) is an ideal host of diverse topologically non‐trivial phenomena, including giant anomalous Hall conductivity, topological charge order, charge density wave (CDW), and unconventional superconductivity. Despite possessing a normal‐state CDW order in the form of topological chiral charge order and diverse superconducting gaps structures, it remains unclear how fundamental atomic‐level properties and many‐body effects including Fermi surface nesting, electron–phonon coupling, and orbital hybridization contribute to these symmetry‐breaking phenomena. Here, the direct participation of the V3d–Sb5p orbital hybridization in mediating the CDW phase transition in CsV3Sb5 is reported. The combination of temperature‐dependent X‐ray absorption and first‐principles studies clearly indicates the inverse Star‐of‐David structure as the preferred reconstruction in the low‐temperature CDW phase. The results highlight the critical role that Sb orbitals play and establish orbital hybridization as the direct mediator of the CDW states and structural transition dynamics in kagome unconventional superconductors. This is a significant step toward the fundamental understanding and control of the emerging correlated phases from the kagome lattice through the orbital interactions and provides promising approaches to novel regimes in unconventional orders and topology.
Selective Hydroxylation of Carbon Fiber Paper for Long‐Lasting Hydrophilicity by a Green Chemistry Process
Authors: Wilsey Madeleine K. , Watson Kendra R. , Fasusi Omolade C. , Yegela Brian P. , Cox Connor P. , Raffaelle Patrick R. , Cai Likun , Müller Astrid M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study reports the selective hydroxylation of macroscopic carbon surfaces that renders initially hydrophobic carbon fiber paper hydrophilic for more than one year (62 weeks) so far. This long time of sustained hydrophilicity is unprecedented and transforms the utility of macroscopic carbon materials. Quantification of surface oxygenates of a systematic series of 13 chemical treatments reveals that surface hydroxyls are predictors of long‐lasting hydrophilicity. The rapid, mild, acid‐free, transition‐metal‐free treatment does not leave surface residues, inhibits overoxidation of graphitic carbon beyond hydroxyls, and introduces the highest edge density on carbon surfaces, without altering the mesostructure of carbon fiber network architectures and without lowering the flexural strength of carbon fiber paper. Graphitic edges are required for enhanced stability of surface oxygenates that retain a threshold amount of adsorbed water, which is necessary for keeping carbon fiber paper hydrophilic. Application of hydrophilic carbon fiber paper as high‐surface‐area working electrode supports for alkaline water oxidation catalyzed by [NiFe]‐layered double hydroxide nanosheets demonstrates a factor of 60 higher mass activity compared to catalysis on flat basal‐plane highly ordered pyrolytic graphite electrodes.
Efficient Spin‐to‐Charge Interconversion in Weyl Semimetal TaP at Room Temperature
Authors: Mendes Joaquim B. S. , Vieira Andriele S. , Cunha Rafael O. , Ferreira Sukarno O. , dos Reis Ricardo D. , Schmidt Marcus , Nicklas Michael , Rezende Sergio M. , Azevedo Antonio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, spin‐to‐charge current conversion properties in the Weyl semimetal TaP by means of the inverse Rashba–Edelstein effect (IREE) with the interfacial integration of this quantum material with the ferromagnetic metal Permalloy (Py = Ni81Fe19) are presented. The spin currents are generated in the Py layer by the spin pumping effect (SPE) from microwave‐driven ferromagnetic resonance and are detected by a dc voltage along the TaP crystal, at room temperature. A field‐symmetric voltage signal is observed without the contamination of asymmetrical lines due to spin rectification effects observed in studies using metallic ferromagnets. The observed voltage is attributed to spin‐to‐charge current conversion based on the IREE, made possible by the spin–orbit coupling induced intrinsically by the bulk band structure of Weyl semimetals. The measured IREE coefficient λIREE =  (0.30 ± 0.01) nm is two orders of magnitude larger than in graphene and is comparable to or larger than the values reported for some metallic interfaces and for several topological insulators.
Development of Smart Sensing Film with Nonbiofouling Properties for Potentiometric Detection of Local pH Changes Caused by Bacterial and Yeast Infections Around Orthopedic Implants
Authors: Tomšík Elena , Gunár Kristýna , Krunclová Tereza , Ivanko Iryna , Trousil Jiří , Fojt Jaroslav , Hybášek Vojtěch , Daniel Matej , Sepitka Josef , Judl Tobiaš , Jahoda David , Hrubý Martin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe local peri‐implant pH changes caused by sterile inflammation and bacterial and fungal infections are studied herein. Then, a sensing electrode based on polyaniline and poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) on a titanium alloy support is developed for potentiometric detection of peri‐implant pH changes to enable early detection of the aforementioned pathologies. The infected endoprosthesis area is shown to have an average pH of 0.79 units lower than the aseptic sample. The pH measurements of the individual pathogenic bacteria or pathogenic yeast reveal that Escherichia coli decreased the pH by 1.24 units, Staphylococcus aureus decreased the pH by 1.33 units and the methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria decreased the pH from 7.2 to 5.6 during 10 h, followed by a subsequent increase to 6.4. The results are statistically significant (α = 0.01). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is not shown to change pH levels. On the other hand, the pathogenic yeast has the lowest recorded pH, which decreases from 5.8 to 4.8. This difference in pH can be used to identify the nature of the infection. The developed electrodes have a pH response between pH 5 and 8, with a Nernstian slope of −59.6/pH. The developed electrode can contribute to the next generation of biosensors.