bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Subadditivity of Okounkov Bodies for Algebraic Fiber Spaces
Authors: Rak Choi Sung , Park Jinhyung 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to establish a subadditivity theorem of Okounkov bodies for algebraic fiber spaces. As applications, we obtain a product formula of the restricted canonical volumes for algebraic fiber spaces and a sufficient condition for an algebraic fiber space to be birationally isotrivial in terms of Okounkov bodies when a general fiber is of general type. Furthermore, we also prove the subadditivity of the numerical Iitaka dimensions for algebraic fiber spaces, and this confirms some numerical variants of the Iitaka conjecture. We hope that our results would provide a new approach toward the Iitaka conjecture.
A Growing Number of Men Who Have Sex With Men Aging With HIV (2021–2031): A Comparison of Two Microsimulation Models
Authors: Hyle Emily P , Kasaie Parastu , Schwamm Eli , Stewart Cameron , Humes Elizabeth , Reddy Krishna P , Rebeiro Peter F , Stanic Tijana , Pei Pamela P , Gerace Lucas , Ang Luke , Gebo Kelly A , Yu Liyang , Shebl Fatma M , Freedberg Kenneth A , Althoff Keri N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Men who have sex with men (MSM) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) are at risk for multimorbidity as life expectancy increases. Simulation models can project population sizes and age distributions to assist with health policy planning.

Methods
We populated the CEPAC-US model with CDC data to project the HIV epidemic among MSM in the United States. The PEARL model was predominantly informed by NA-ACCORD data (2009–2017). We compared projected population sizes and age distributions of MSM receiving ART (2021–2031) and investigated how parameters and assumptions affected results.

Results
We projected an aging and increasing population of MSM on ART: CEPAC-US, mean age 48.6 (SD 13.7) years in 2021 versus 53.9 (SD 15.0) years in 2031; PEARL, 46.7 (SD 13.2) years versus 49.2 (SD 14.6) years. We projected 548 800 MSM on ART (147 020 ≥ 65 years) in 2031 (CEPAC-US) and 599 410 (113 400 ≥ 65 years) (PEARL). Compared with PEARL, CEPAC-US projected a smaller population of MSM on ART by 2031 and a slower increase in population size, driven by higher estimates of disengagement in care and mortality.

Conclusions
Findings from two structurally distinct microsimulation models suggest that the MSM population receiving ART in the United States will increase and age over the next decade. Subgroup-specific data regarding engagement in care and mortality can improve projections and inform health care policy planning.
Dynamics in the outskirts of four Milky Way globular clusters: it’s the tides that dominate
Authors: Wan Zhen , Arnold Anthony D , Oliver William H , Lewis Geraint F , Baumgardt Holger , Gieles Mark , Hénault-Brunet Vincent , de Boer Thomas , Balbinot Eduardo , Da Costa Gary , Mackey Dougal , Erkal Denis , Ferguson Annette , Kuzma Pete , Pancino Elena , Peñarrubia Jorge , Sanna Nicoletta , Sollima Antonio , van der Marel Roeland P , Watkins Laura L 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
We present the results of a spectroscopic survey of the outskirts of four globular – 1261, NGC 4590, NGC 1904, and NGC 1851 – covering targets within 1° from the cluster centres, with 2dF/AAOmega on the Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT) and FLAMES on the very large telescope (VLT). We extracted chemo-dynamical information for individual stars, from which we estimated the velocity dispersion profile and the rotation of each cluster. The observations are compared to direct N-body simulations and appropriate limepy/spes models for each cluster to interpret the results. In NGC 1851, the detected internal rotation agrees with existing literature, and NGC 1261 shows some rotation signal beyond the truncation radius, likely coming from the escaped stars. We find that the dispersion profiles for both the observations and the simulations for NGC 1261, NGC 1851, and NGC 1904 do not decrease as the limepy/spes models predict beyond the truncation radius, where the N-body simulations show that escaped stars dominate; the dispersion profile of NGC 4590 follows the predictions of the limepy/spes models, though the data do not effectively extend beyond the truncation radius. The increasing/flat dispersion profiles in the outskirts of NGC 1261, NGC 1851, and NGC 1904, are reproduced by the simulations. Hence, the increasing/flat dispersion profiles of the clusters in question can be explained by the tidal interaction with the galaxy without introducing dark matter.
Genome Editing Reveals Both the Crucial Role of OsCOI2 in Jasmonate Signaling and the Functional Diversity of COI1 Homologs in Rice
Authors: Inagaki Hideo , Hayashi Kengo , Takaoka Yousuke , Ito Hibiki , Fukumoto Yuki , Yajima-Nakagawa Ayaka , Chen Xi , Shimosato-Nonaka Miyuki , Hassett Emmi , Hatakeyama Kodai , Hirakuri Yuko , Ishitsuka Masanobu , Yumoto Emi , Sakazawa Tomoko , Asahina Masashi , Uchida Kenichi , Okada Kazunori , Yamane Hisakazu , Ueda Minoru , Miyamoto Koji 
Published: December 2022

AbstractJasmonic acid (JA) regulates plant growth, development and stress responses. Coronatine insensitive 1 (COI1) and jasmonate zinc-finger inflorescence meristem-domain (JAZ) proteins form a receptor complex for jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine, a biologically active form of JA. Three COIs (OsCOI1a, OsCOI1b and OsCOI2) are encoded in the rice genome. In the present study, we generated mutants for each rice COI gene using genome editing to reveal the physiological functions of the three rice COIs. The oscoi2 mutants, but not the oscoi1a and oscoi1b mutants, exhibited severely low fertility, indicating the crucial role of OsCOI2 in rice fertility. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the transcriptional changes after methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment were moderate in the leaves of oscoi2 mutants compared to those in the wild type or oscoi1a and oscoi1b mutants. MeJA-induced chlorophyll degradation and accumulation of antimicrobial secondary metabolites were suppressed in oscoi2 mutants. These results indicate that OsCOI2 plays a central role in JA response in rice leaves. In contrast, the assessment of growth inhibition upon exogenous application of JA to seedlings of each mutant revealed that rice COIs are redundantly involved in shoot growth, whereas OsCOI2 plays a primary role in root growth. In addition, a co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that OsJAZ2 and OsJAZ5 containing divergent Jas motifs physically interacted only with OsCOI2, whereas OsJAZ4 with a canonical Jas motif interacts with all three rice COIs. The present study demonstrated the functional diversity of rice COIs, thereby providing clues to the mechanisms regulating the various physiological functions of JA.
Dysconnectivity in Schizophrenia Revisited: Abnormal Temporal Organization of Dynamic Functional Connectivity in Patients With a First Episode of Psychosis
Authors: Ramirez-Mahaluf Juan P , Tepper Ángeles , Alliende Luz Maria , Mena Carlos , Castañeda Carmen Paz , Iruretagoyena Barbara , Nachar Ruben , Reyes-Madrigal Francisco , León-Ortiz Pablo , Mora-Durán Ricardo , Ossandon Tomas , Gonzalez-Valderrama Alfonso , Undurraga Juan , de la Fuente-Sandoval Camilo , Crossley Nicolas A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Abnormal functional connectivity between brain regions is a consistent finding in schizophrenia, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. Recent studies have highlighted that connectivity changes in time in healthy subjects. We here examined the temporal changes in functional connectivity in patients with a first episode of psychosis (FEP). Specifically, we analyzed the temporal order in which whole-brain organization states were visited.

Study Design
Two case-control studies, including in each sample a subgroup scanned a second time after treatment. Chilean sample included 79 patients with a FEP and 83 healthy controls. Mexican sample included 21 antipsychotic-naïve FEP patients and 15 healthy controls. Characteristics of the temporal trajectories between whole-brain functional connectivity meta-states were examined via resting-state functional MRI using elements of network science. We compared the cohorts of cases and controls and explored their differences as well as potential associations with symptoms, cognition, and antipsychotic medication doses.

Study Results
We found that the temporal sequence in which patients’ brain dynamics visited the different states was more redundant and segregated. Patients were less flexible than controls in changing their network in time from different configurations, and explored the whole landscape of possible states in a less efficient way. These changes were related to the dose of antipsychotics the patients were receiving. We replicated the relationship with antipsychotic medication in the antipsychotic-naïve FEP sample scanned before and after treatment.

Conclusions
We conclude that psychosis is related to a temporal disorganization of the brain’s dynamic functional connectivity, and this is associated with antipsychotic medication use.
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia occurring early after living donor liver transplantation: a case report
Authors: Iwasaki Naoya , Sekino Motohiro , Hara Takanobu , Soyama Akihiko , Hidaka Masaaki , Kasai Yusuke , Suzumura Miki , Araki Hiroshi , Yano Rintaro , Matsumoto Sojiro , Ichinomiya Taiga , Higashijima Ushio , Eguchi Susumu , Hara Tetsuya 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Thrombocytopenia commonly occurs early after liver transplantation. Heparin, usually administered as anticoagulant therapy for thrombosis, a common complication after liver transplantation, may cause heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is a rare but life-threatening complication, and its diagnosis after liver transplantation is challenging.

Case presentation
We report a case of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia after living donor liver transplantation with a good outcome because of early diagnosis and discontinuation of heparin. After liver transplantation, the platelet count usually reaches a nadir on postoperative days 3–5 and gradually recovers. In contrast, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia typically occurs 5–10 days after heparin administration; therefore, if heparin is started intraoperatively, then thrombocytopenia will occur on postoperative days 5–10.

Conclusion
Monitoring the trend and timing of thrombocytopenia and detailed examination for thrombosis may help confirm the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in the early stage after liver transplantation.
Past, Present, and Future Labor Market Participation Among Patients Admitted to Hospital With Concurrent Substance Use and Mental Health Disorder, and What We Can Learn From It
Authors: Sell Lea , Lund Henrik Lambrecht , Johansen Katrine Schepelern 
Published: December 2022

Objective
The aim of the study is to investigate the labor market participation of patients with concurrent substance use and mental health disorder before treatment, as well as the strength of the barriers to re-enter the labor market.

Methods
The study population is composed of individuals with concurrent substance use and mental health disorder at a psychiatric unit in 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016. The number of self-supported years 20 years back in time, as well as present and subsequent employment, was calculated.

Results
From 1996 to 2016, there was a decrease by 43.8% in self-supported years before treatment and by 36.4% in the fraction of patients working at the time of admission.

Conclusions
The results point to increasing difficulties with regard to labor market attachment among individuals with mental illnesses.
Concussion in Ladies Gaelic Football: Self-reported History, Clinical Profiles, and Management Behavior
Authors: Leahy Róisín , Rochfort Keith D. , Whyte Enda , Kontos Anthony P. , Collins Michael W. , O'Connor Siobhán 
Published: December 2022

Objective:
To describe the prevalence, characteristics, and management behavior of self-reported sport-related concussion (SRC) in Ladies Gaelic Football (LGF) players.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Online survey distributed to LGF clubs throughout Ireland.

Participants:
Elite and nonelite adult LGF players (n = 657).

Interventions:
Participants were recruited by convenience sampling and answered an online survey. Questions on demographic characteristics, SRC history, symptoms, injury characteristics, and management behavior after SRCs that occurred while playing LGF during the previous season were included.

Main Outcome Measures:
Overall concussion history, occurrence of an SRC during the previous LGF season, clinical profile scores, characteristics (eg mechanism and setting), and management behavior (eg following a graded RTP program) after SRCs that occurred during the previous season.

Results:
Approximately one-fifth (17.5%) of participants sustained a suspected or diagnosed SRC during the previous season, which was higher among elite (26.1%) than nonelite (15.3%) players (P < 0.01). The highest scoring clinical profiles were the ocular and migraine profiles. Only 3.5% of respondents adhered to all SRC management recommendations. Although players who reported a medically diagnosed versus a suspected SRC more often followed these guidelines, SRC management beyond the initial phase of injury remained inadequate.

Conclusion:
SRC is common in LGF; however, adherence to recommended management guidelines is poor, even among players who receive medical assistance. In particular, few LGF athletes receive clinical concussion care beyond the initial diagnosis and acute management phase. Further research is needed to examine the underlying reasons for poor SRC management in LGF, which will guide the development of future sport-specific interventions.
Lipid-lowering therapies and cardiovascular risk-stratification strategies in adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Lan Nick S.R. , Bell Damon A. , Watts Gerald F. , Fegan P. Gerry 
Published: December 2022

Purpose of review
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a leading cause of mortality in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Although dyslipidaemia is a modifiable and prevalent risk factor in individuals with T1D, determining when to initiate lipid-lowering therapy for primary prevention of ASCVD can be challenging. In this article, recommendations for lipid-lowering therapy from updated clinical guidelines over the last 5 years, additional risk-stratification methods, hypertriglyceridaemia management and potential barriers to optimal care in adults with T1D are discussed.

Recent findings
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is the primary target for lipid-lowering. However, international guidelines recommend differing approaches to ASCVD risk-stratification, lipid-lowering, and LDL-C goals in individuals with diabetes, predominantly reflecting evidence from studies in type 2 diabetes. Despite guideline recommendations, several studies have demonstrated that statins are underused, and LDL-C goals are not attained by many individuals with T1D. Additional risk-stratification methods including T1D-specific ASCVD risk calculators, coronary artery calcium scoring, and lipoprotein(a) may provide additional information to define when to initiate lipid-lowering therapy.

Summary
Clinical trial evidence for lipid-lowering therapies in T1D is lacking, and further studies are needed to inform best practice. Optimization and harmonization of ASCVD risk-stratification and lipid management in individuals with T1D is required.
Novel therapeutic opportunities for familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency: promises and challenges
Authors: Vitali Cecilia , Rader Daniel J. , Cuchel Marina 
Published: December 2022

Purpose of review
Genetic lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency is a rare, inherited, recessive disease, which manifests as two different syndromes: Familial LCAT deficiency (FLD) and Fish-eye disease (FED), characterized by low HDL-C and corneal opacity. FLD patients also develop anaemia and renal disease. There is currently no therapy for FLD, but novel therapeutics are at different stages of development. Here, we summarize the most recent advances and the opportunities for and barriers to the further development of such therapies.

Recent findings
Recent publications highlight the heterogeneous phenotype of FLD and the uncertainty over the natural history of disease and the factors contributing to disease progression. Therapies that restore LCAT function (protein and gene replacement therapies and LCAT activators) showed promising effects on markers of LCAT activity. Although they do not restore LCAT function, HDL mimetics may slow renal disease progression.

Summary
The further development of novel therapeutics requires the identification of efficacy endpoints, which include quantitative biomarkers of disease progression. Because of the heterogeneity of renal disease progression among FLD individuals, future treatments for FLD will have to be tailored based on the specific clinical characteristics of the patient. Extensive studies of the natural history and biomarkers of the disease will be required to achieve this goal.
Focused investigations to expedite cancer diagnosis among patients with lymphadenopathy in a tuberculosis and HIV-endemic region
Authors: Antel Katherine , Oosthuizen Jenna , Brown Karryn , Malherbe Francois , Loebenberg Perry , Seaton Cylene , Baloyi Siphiwe , Simba Kudakwashe , Chetty Dharshnee , Louw Vernon J. , Maartens Gary , Verburgh Estelle R. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
In tuberculosis (TB)-endemic areas, lymphadenopathy is frequently due to TB adenitis, but lymphoma and cancers are important differential diagnoses and critical to diagnose at the earliest opportunity. Key obstacles to lymphoma diagnosis include empiric TB treatment and difficulty accessing a biopsy. We report on a specialized clinic utilizing high-yield investigations for patients with lymphadenopathy.

Methods:
This prospective interventional study investigated the utility of a core biopsy and the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Ultra) on fine-needle aspirate (FNA) and tissue in a newly established lymph node biopsy clinic over 4 years. Electronic referral facilitated patient assessment within a week. Hematology fellows without specialist surgical or radiological expertise performed the biopsy on the first visit.

Results:
In 277 patients, including 43% people with HIV, TB was the most frequent diagnosis (34%), followed by lymphoma (27%) and other cancers (17%). Patients were seen a median of 5 days [interquartile range (IQR) 2–8.5 days] from referral. Core biopsy provided sufficient tissue for diagnosis in 96% of patients with lymphoma (72/75) and 94% of patients with cancer (44/47). FNA Ultra had a sensitivity of 73.9% [34/46; 95% confidence interval (CI) 58.9–85.7], and tissue Ultra 73% (46/63; 95% CI 60.3–83.4). There were six false-positive Ultra tests, highlighting the value of histology to either support TB or make an alternative diagnosis.

Conclusion:
Core biopsies collected under the conditions described are safe and sensitive and can yield a rapid diagnosis. Combining Ultra and a core biopsy can accurately diagnose TB and cancer. This clinic provides an implementation model for resource-constrained and TB-endemic areas.
I did not scream. I could not; I was terrified. I just followed them…I blocked my mind. Then they all raped me: A narrative inquiry on the onset of tonic immobility among women rape victims in Nigeria
Authors: Gbahabo Dooshima Dorothy , Duma Sinegugu Evidence 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTonic immobility (TI) is a common uncontrollable autonomic mammalian response to an extremely fearful situation. It is one of the most immediate devastating consequences of rape and remains poorly understood. While controversies over its definition persist among researchers, this also reflects the care for and support to victims. The study aimed to explore and describe the onset of TI and the meaning attached to the experience among women raped victims in Nigeria. The study design was the qualitative narrative inquiry approach. Criterion and purposive sampling were conducted across four post-rape care facilities in Lagos, Nigeria, to recruit 13 participants. In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide to generate data that were thematically analysed. The findings of the study reveal five themes relating to the onset of TI as follows: the first two focused on the experience of TI: (1) the onset of TI prior to rape due to perceived imminent danger, (2) the onset of TI as a self-protection mechanism from further harm) while the last three relate to the meaning-making of the experience of TI (3) self-loathing as a meaning attached to TI, (4) suicidal ideations as a meaning attached to TI, and (5) divine intervention as a meaning attached to TI.ConclusionThe findings underscore the experiences and meanings that participants attach to TI following rape. There is a strong likelihood that tonic-immobility is not an uncommon experience amongst rape victims, but that in the absence of research, specialized care on the condition, and its associated consequences will haunt many women, affecting their psychological well-being and their entire quality of life. Describing the phenomenon as it is experienced by the participants is critical because understanding the condition is the first step toward effective appropriate management.
Stimulation better targets fast ripple generating networks in super-responders to the responsive neurostimulator system (RNS)
Authors: Weiss Shennan Aibel , Rubinstein Daniel , Stern John , Eliashiv Dawn , Fried Itzhak , Wu Chengyuan , Sharan Ashwini , Engel Jerome , Staba Richard , Sperling Michael R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveHow responsive neurostimulation (RNS) decreases seizure frequency is unclear. Stimulation may alter epileptic networks during inter-ictal epochs. Since fast ripples (FR) may be a substrate of the epileptic network, we examined whether stimulation of FR generating networks differed in RNS super- and intermediate-responders.MethodsIn 10 patients, we detected FR during sleep from stereo EEG (SEEG) contacts during the pre-surgical evaluation in patients with subsequent RNS placement. The normalized coordinates of the SEEG contacts were compared with that of the eight RNS contacts, and RNS stimulated SEEG contacts were defined as within 1.5 cm3of the RNS contacts. We compared the post-RNS placement seizure outcome to 1) the ratio of stimulated SEEG contacts in the seizure-onset zone (SOZ SR); 2) the ratio of FR events on stimulated contacts (FR SR); and 3) the global efficiency of the FR temporal correlational network on stimulated contacts (FR SGe).ResultsWe found that the SOZ SR (p=0.18) and FR SR (p=0.06) did not differ in the RNS super- and intermediate-responders, but the FR SGe did (p=0.02). In super-responders highly active desynchronous sites of the FR network were stimulated.SignificanceRNS that better targets FR networks, as compared to the SOZ, may reduce epileptogenicity more.Short summaryResponsive neurostimulation (RNS) may reduce seizures by altering the epileptic network. Fast ripples (FR) may be a substrate of the epileptic network. We investigated, in 10 patients, if RNS stimulation of FR generating brain differed in RNS super-responders and intermediate-responders. The RNS stimulated brain sites were defined as contacts in the pre-surgical stereo EEG implant within 1.5 cm3of the subsequently placed RNS stimulation contacts. FR events were more highly active and temporally desynchronous (p<0.05) on the stimulated contacts in the RNS super-responders. We show RNS that better targets FR networks, as compared to the seizure onset zone, may reduce epileptogenicity more.