bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Mean Arterial Pressure on the Progression of Arterial Stiffness in Normotensive Subjects
Authors: Liu Qian , Han Xu , Ma Yi-han , Zhao Hai-yan , Huang Zhe , Xing Ai-jun , Zhao Xiao-hong , Wu Shou-ling , Wu Yun-tao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
To examine the effect of mean arterial pressure on the progression of arterial stiffness in normotensive subjects.

Methods
The subjects who completed 2 measurements of brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and were normotensive at the first baPWV measurement, were enrolled during the second, third, fourth, and fifth follow-up of the Kailuan study. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the effect of baseline mean arterial pressure and mean arterial pressure on arterial stiffness at the end of follow-up and its progression in normotensive subjects.

Results
Among the 11,697 subjects who met the inclusion criteria, the average age was (43.7 ± 12.2) years old with 6,284 males (53.7%). The average follow-up time was 3.7 years, and baseline baPWV value was (1,346.2 ± 239.9) cm/s. The follow-up baPWV value was (1,403.4 ± 273.5) cm/s, and the average baPWV progression was 57.2 cm/s. In multivariate linear regression analysis, after adjustment for age, glucose, serum lipid, and other factors, an increase of 1 mm Hg in baseline mean arterial pressure resulted in an increase of 8. 6 cm/s in baPWV at the end of follow-up and 3.7 cm/s in baPWV progression, respectively. An increase of 1 mm Hg in mean arterial pressure during follow-up period resulted in an increase of 5.2 cm/s at the end of follow-up and 2.9 cm/s in baPWV progression, respectively.

Conclusions
Mean arterial pressures at baseline and during follow-up are associated with the progression of arterial stiffness in normotensive subjects.
Apparent Treatment-Resistant Hypertension Among Stroke Survivors: A Transcontinental Study Assessing Impact of Race and Geography
Authors: Sarfo Fred Stephen , Olasoji Esther , Banfill Grant P , Ovbiagele Bruce , Simpkins Alexis N 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDRace and geographic differences in the prevalence and predictors of hypertension in stroke survivors have been reported, but apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aTRH) among stroke survivors by race (African ancestry vs. non-Hispanic Caucasians) and by geography (continental Africa vs. the United States) are under studied.METHODSThis is a cross-sectional study using ethically approved stroke registries from the University of Florida and the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. Univariate and multivariate regression was used to evaluate for differences in prevalence of aTRH and associations with clinical covariates.RESULTSHarmonized data were available for 3,365 stroke survivors of which 943 (28.0%) were indigenous Africans, 558 (16.6%) African Americans, and 1,864 (55.4%) non-Hispanic Caucasians with median ages (interquartile range) of 59 (49–68), 61 (55–72), and 70 (62–78) years, P &lt; 0.0001. The overall frequency of aTRH was 18.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17.2%–19.8%) with 42.7% (95% CI: 39.6%–46.0%) among indigenous Africans, 16.1% (95% CI: 13.2%–19.5%) among African Americans, and 6.9% (95% CI: 5.8%–8.2%) among non-Hispanic Caucasians, P &lt; 0.0001. Five factors associated with aTRH: age, adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of 0.99 (0.98–0.99), female sex 0.70 (0.56–0.87), cigarette smoking 1.98 (1.36–2.90), intracerebral hemorrhage 1.98 (1.57–2.48), and Black race namely indigenous Africans 4.42 (3.41–5.73) and African Americans 2.44 (1.81–3.29).CONCLUSIONSFuture studies are needed to investigate the contribution of socioeconomic disparities in the prevalence aTRH in those with African Ancestry to explore the long-term impact, and evaluate effective therapeutic interventions in this subpopulation.
A high-quality assembled genome and its comparative analysis decode the adaptive molecular mechanism of the number one Chinese cotton variety CRI-12
Authors: Lu Xuke , Chen Xiugui , Wang Delong , Yin Zujun , Wang Junjuan , Fu Xiaoqiong , Wang Shuai , Guo Lixue , Zhao Lanjie , Cui Ruifeng , Dai Maohua , Rui Cun , Fan Yapeng , Zhang Yuexin , Sun Liangqing , Malik Waqar Afzal , Han Mingge , Chen Chao , Ye Wuwei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Gossypium hirsutum L. is the most widely cultivated cotton species, and a high-quality reference genome would be a huge boost for researching the molecular mechanism of agronomic traits in cotton.

Findings
Here, Pacific Biosciences and Hi-C sequencing technologies were used to assemble a new upland cotton genome of the No. 1 Chinese cotton variety CRI-12. We generated a high-quality assembled CRI-12 genome of 2.31 Gb with a contig N50 of 19.65 Mb, which was superior to previously reported genomes. Comparisons between CRI-12 and other reported genomes revealed 7,966 structural variations and 7,378 presence/absence variations. The distribution of the haplotypes among A-genome (Gossypium arboreum), D-genome (Gossypium raimondii), and AD-genome (G. hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense) suggested that many haplotypes were lost and recombined in the process of polyploidization. More than half of the haplotypes that correlated with different tolerances were located on chromosome D13, suggesting that this chromosome may be important for wide adaptation. Finally, it was demonstrated that DNA methylation may provide advantages in environmental adaptation through whole-genome bisulfite sequencing analysis.

Conclusions
This research provides a new reference genome for molecular biology research on Gossypium hirsutum L. and helps decode the broad environmental adaptation mechanisms in the No. 1 Chinese cotton variety CRI-12.
The rise of genomics in snake venom research: recent advances and future perspectives
Authors: Rao Wei-qiao , Kalogeropoulos Konstantinos , Allentoft Morten E , Gopalakrishnan Shyam , Zhao Wei-ning , Workman Christopher T , Knudsen Cecilie , Jiménez-Mena Belén , Seneci Lorenzo , Mousavi-Derazmahalleh Mahsa , Jenkins Timothy P , Rivera-de-Torre Esperanza , Liu Si-qi , Laustsen Andreas H 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSnake venoms represent a danger to human health, but also a gold mine of bioactive proteins that can be harnessed for drug discovery purposes. The evolution of snakes and their venom has been studied for decades, particularly via traditional morphological and basic genetic methods alongside venom proteomics. However, while the field of genomics has matured rapidly over the past 2 decades, owing to the development of next-generation sequencing technologies, snake genomics remains in its infancy. Here, we provide an overview of the state of the art in snake genomics and discuss its potential implications for studying venom evolution and toxinology. On the basis of current knowledge, gene duplication and positive selection are key mechanisms in the neofunctionalization of snake venom proteins. This makes snake venoms important evolutionary drivers that explain the remarkable venom diversification and adaptive variation observed in these reptiles. Gene duplication and neofunctionalization have also generated a large number of repeat sequences in snake genomes that pose a significant challenge to DNA sequencing, resulting in the need for substantial computational resources and longer sequencing read length for high-quality genome assembly. Fortunately, owing to constantly improving sequencing technologies and computational tools, we are now able to explore the molecular mechanisms of snake venom evolution in unprecedented detail. Such novel insights have the potential to affect the design and development of antivenoms and possibly other drugs, as well as provide new fundamental knowledge on snake biology and evolution.
A high-quality, long-read genome assembly of the endangered ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta)
Authors: Palmada-Flores Marc , Orkin Joseph D , Haase Bettina , Mountcastle Jacquelyn , Bertelsen Mads F , Fedrigo Olivier , Kuderna Lukas F K , Jarvis Erich D , Marques-Bonet Tomas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: The ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) is a charismatic strepsirrhine primate endemic to Madagascar. These lemurs are of particular interest, given their status as a flagship species and widespread publicity in the popular media. Unfortunately, a recent population decline has resulted in the census population decreasing to &lt;2,500 individuals in the wild, and the species's classification as an endangered species by the IUCN. As is the case for most strepsirrhine primates, only a limited amount of genomic research has been conducted on L. catta, in part owing to the lack of genomic resources. Results: We generated a new high-quality reference genome assembly for L. catta (mLemCat1) that conforms to the standards of the Vertebrate Genomes Project. This new long-read assembly is composed of Pacific Biosciences continuous long reads (CLR data), Optical Mapping Bionano reads, Arima HiC data, and 10X linked reads. The contiguity and completeness of the assembly are extremely high, with scaffold and contig N50 values of 90.982 and 10.570 Mb, respectively. Additionally, when compared to other high-quality primate assemblies, L. catta has the lowest reported number of Alu elements, which results predominantly from a lack of AluS and AluY elements. Conclusions: mLemCat1 is an excellent genomic resource not only for the ring-tailed lemur community, but also for other members of the Lemuridae family, and is the first very long read assembly for a strepsirrhine.
Effects of a high-protein, high-fiber diet rich in antioxidants andl-carnitine on body weight, body composition, metabolic status, and physical activity levels of cats after spay surgery
Authors: Iwazaki Eiji , Lee Anne H , Kruis Alissa M , Phungviwatnikul Thunyaporn , Valentine Helen , Arend Lídia S , Knox Robert V , de Godoy Maria R C , Swanson Kelly S 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpay and neuter surgeries are useful in controlling pet populations, but increase obesity risk due to increased appetite, decreased metabolic rate, and decreased energy expenditure. Dietary management may help limit post-spay weight gain, but few research studies have been conducted in cats. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a high-protein, high-fiber diet (HPHF) compared to a moderate-protein, moderate-fiber diet (MPMF) in female cats following spay surgery. Twenty healthy female cats (9.5 ± 0.1 mo) were used. After a 4-wk baseline phase with cats fed MPMF to maintain body weight (BW), 16 cats were spayed and allotted to MPMF (n = 8) or HPHF (n = 8), with the remaining cats being sham-operated and fed MPMF (n = 4). Cats were fed to maintain BW for 12 wk and then allowed to eat up to twice that amount for another 12 wk. Daily food intake, twice weekly BW, and twice weekly body condition scores (BCS) were assessed. Back fat thickness (BF) using ultrasound, body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), feline body mass index (fBMI), body fat percentage estimates using zoometry measurements, serum metabolites, and voluntary physical activity levels were measured prior to spay (week 0) and every 6 wk post-spay. A treatment*time effect was observed for food intake (g/d), but not caloric intake (kcal ME/d). Caloric intake was affected by time and treatment, being reduced over the first 12 wk and reduced at higher amounts in HPHF and MPMF cats vs. sham cats. BW, BCS, and body fat percentage were affected over time. Treatment*time effects were observed for blood urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, and fructosamine, whereas blood triglycerides, total cholesterol, creatinine, total protein, phosphorus, and bicarbonate were affected by time. Physical activity was reduced over time. Our results demonstrate that spay surgery affects food intake, BW, metabolism, and physical activity of cats. Dietary intervention in this study, however, led to minor changes.
Stair-step strategy and immunomodulatory feed ingredient supplementation for grazing heat-stressed &#x2028;Bos indicus-influenced beef heifers
Authors: Moriel Philipe , Palmer Elizabeth A , Oliveira Rhaiza A , Vedovatto Marcelo , Izquierdo Vinicius S , Silva Hiran M , Garzon Jaime , Oliveira Rhaiza , Dailey Jeffery W , Carroll Jeffery A , Burdick Sanchez Nicole C , Martins Thiago , Binelli Mario , Vendramini Joao M B 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
On day 0 of years 1 and 2, 64 Brangus crossbred heifers per year were stratified by initial body weight (BW) and age (mean = 257 ± 20 kg and 271 ± 22 d) and allocated into 16 bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pastures (4 heifers per pasture per yr). Treatments were randomly allotted to pastures in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (4 pastures per treatment per yr). Treatments consisted of concentrate dry matter (DM) supplementation at 1.50% of BW from days 0 to 100 (CON) or concentrate DM supplementation at 1.05% of BW from days 0 to 49 and 1.95% of BW from days 50 to 100 (SST). Then, each respective supplementation strategy was added or not with immunomodulatory feed ingredients from days 0 to 100 (OMN; 4 g/45 kg of BW). Heifers were assigned to an estrus synchronization protocol from days 100 to 114. Heifers detected in estrus from days 111 to 114 were inseminated (AI) 12 h after estrus detection. Heifers not detected in estrus were timed AI on day 114. All heifers were exposed to Angus bulls from days 120 to 210 (1 bull per pasture). Effects of supplementation strategy × OMN inclusion × hour were detected (P &lt; 0.0001) only for intravaginal temperature from days 26 to 30, which were the least (P ≤ 0.03) for SST heifers offered OMN supplementation and did not differ (P ≥ 0.17) among all remaining treatments from 0830 to 1600 hours. Effects of supplementation strategy × OMN inclusion and OMN inclusion were not detected (P ≥ 0.12) for any variable, except for the percentage of heifers detected in estrus, which was greater (P = 0.01) for heifers supplemented with vs. without OMN. Total concentrate DM offered from days 0 to 100 and heifer BW on days 0 and 56 did not differ (P ≥ 0.49) between CON and SST heifers, but SST heifers were heavier (P ≤ 0.01) on days 100 and 210 compared with CON heifers. Body surface temperature on day 25 and plasma IGF-1 concentrations on day 75 were greater (P ≤ 0.04) for SST vs. CON heifers. Percentage of pubertal heifers, heifers detected in estrus, and pregnancy to AI did not differ (P = 0.36) between SST and CON heifers but the final pregnancy percentage was greater (P = 0.04) for SST vs. CON heifers. Thus, OMN supplementation decreased the intravaginal temperature of SST heifers but failed to improve their growth and reproduction, whereas the SST strategy improved body thermoregulation, growth, and final pregnancy percentage of heat-stressed Bos indicus-influenced beef heifers compared with a constant concentrate supplementation strategy.
Leucine alters blood parameters and regulates hepatic protein synthesis via mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin activation in intrauterine growth-restricted piglets
Authors: Zhang Jingfei , Xu Wen , Yang Yuxiang , Zhang Lili , Wang Tian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Neonatal piglets often suffer low birth weights and poor growth performance accompanied by the disruption of protein metabolism, when intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) takes place during pregnancy, leading to a higher mortality and bigger economic loss than expected. Leucine has been proposed to function as a nutritional signal-regulating protein synthesis in numerous studies. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of dietary leucine supplementation on the blood parameters and hepatic protein metabolism in IUGR piglets. Weaned piglets were assigned to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: 1) piglets fed a basal diet with normal birth weight, 2) piglets fed a basal diet plus 0.35% l-leucine with normal birth weight, 3) IUGR piglets fed a basal diet with low birth weight, and 4) IUGR piglets fed a basal diet plus 0.35% l-leucine with low birth weight. The results showed that IUGR decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities and increased serum cortisol and prostaglandin E2 levels at 35 d of age (P &lt; 0.05), suggesting the occurrence of liver dysfunction and stress response. Leucine supplementation increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity and decreased serum cortisol levels at 35 d of age (P &lt; 0.05). IUGR decreased the lysozyme activity and complement 3 level in serum (P &lt; 0.05), which were prevented by dietary leucine supplementation. IUGR piglets showed increased hepatic DNA contents while showing a reduced RNA/DNA ratio (P &lt; 0.05). Piglets supplied with leucine had decreased RNA/DNA ratio in the liver (P &lt; 0.05). Leucine supplementation stimulated hepatic protein anabolism through upregulating protein synthesis-related genes expression and activating the phosphorylation of mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, IUGR inhibited the mRNA expression of hepatic protein degradation-related genes, indicating a compensatory mechanism for the metabolic response. Dietary leucine supplementation attenuated the suppression of the protein catabolism induced by IUGR in the liver. These results demonstrate that dietary leucine supplementation could alter the blood parameters and alleviated the disrupted protein metabolism induced by IUGR via enhanced mTOR phosphorylation to promote protein synthesis in weaned piglets.
Seismic random noise attenuation based on adaptive nonlocal median filter
Authors: Liu Cai , Guo Longyu , Liu Yang , Zhang Yanzhe , Zhou Ziyan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The accurate image of underground medium is determined by the quality of the seismic data, which can be improved by random noise attenuation and structural continuity enhancement. We proposed an adaptive nonlocal median filter that can protect geological structure while attenuating random noise. We combine the nonlocal idea with the weighted median filter and design the appropriate weights of the nonlocal median filter based on seismic data characteristics. The local structure is represented by the neighborhood around the center point. The directional difference of spatial vectors in the neighborhood is considered when computing the similarity. According to the local dip attribute of seismic data, the anisotropic Gaussian window is adaptively adjusted to increase the constraint along the structural direction. The proposed method can search more precisely for points with similar local structure to the filtered points and effectively attenuate seismic random noise. The continuity of events is enhanced while the goal of protecting fault information is achieved. The experimental results of the theoretical model and field data show that the adaptive nonlocal median filter can strike a balance between preserving structure information and attenuating seismic random noise.
Computational flow analysis with boundary layer and contact representation: I. Tire aerodynamics with road contact
Authors: Kuraishi Takashi , Terahara Takuya , Takizawa Kenji , Tezduyar Tayfun E 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In computational flow analysis with moving solid surfaces and contact between the solid surfaces, it is a challenge to represent the boundary layers with an accuracy attributed to moving-mesh methods and to represent the contact without leaving a mesh protection gap. The space-time topology change (ST-TC) method, introduced in 2013, makes moving-mesh computation possible even when we have contact between moving solid surfaces or other kinds of flow-domain TC. The contact is represented without giving up on high-resolution flow representation near the moving surfaces. With the ST-TC and other ST computational methods introduced before and after, it has been possible to address many of the challenges encountered in conducting this class of flow analysis in the presence of additional complexities such as geometric complexity, rotation or deformation of the solid surfaces and the multiscale nature of the flow. In this first part of a two-part article, we provide an overview of the methods that made all that possible. We also provide an overview of the computations performed for tire aerodynamics with challenges that include the complexity of a near-actual tire geometry with grooves, road contact, tire deformation and rotation, road roughness and fluid films.
Test–Retest Reliability and Translation of the Musculoskeletal Screening Protocol Questionnaire Used in the Swedish Armed Forces
Authors: Kierkegaard Marie , Tegern Matthias , Broman Lisbet , Halvarsson Alexandra , Larsson Helena 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in military personnel are common, and it is important to identify those at risk so that appropriate preventive and rehabilitative strategies can be undertaken. The Musculoskeletal Screening Protocol (MSP) questionnaire is part of the implemented prevention strategy to reduce MSDs in the Swedish Armed Forces. The aims of this study were to evaluate the questionnaire’s reliability and to translate it into English.

Materials and Methods
One-week test–retest reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated in a sample of 35 Swedish military personnel. Reliability was evaluated by calculations of Cohen’s kappa or quadratic-weighted kappa. Percent agreement was used as a parameter for measurement error. Translation into English included forward and backward translations and expert committee discussions.

Results
Kappa values relating to physical complaints/injuries were excellent (&gt;0.75) except for knee and lower leg MSDs and for the intensity ratings, where Kappa values were mostly interpreted as fair-to-good (0.4-0.75). Kappa values of items pertaining physical performance, physical activity and exercise, eating and tobacco habits, sleep, and perceived health ranged between 0.72 and 1. Kappa values for feeling mentally or physical prepared were 0.47 and 0.65, respectively. Most percentage agreement values ranged between 90% and 100%. The English version was found to be satisfactorily equivalent to the Swedish MSP questionnaire.

Conclusion
The Swedish MSP questionnaire was found to be highly reliable and was satisfactorily translated into English. This provides support for the questionnaire’s ability to trustworthily capture the prevalence of MSDs and perceived health in military personnel. Future research is warranted on the psychometric properties of the English MSP questionnaire.