bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Filter‐membrane treatment of continuous‐flow tetracycline through photocatalysis‐assisted peroxydisulfate oxidation
Authors: Zhu Zuoyan , Tang Haifang , Du Yi , Wei Yuanfeng , Chen Yuqing , Yang Weijian , Zhang Danyu , Li Ziru , Liu Chengbin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHerein, we craft a high‐performance advanced oxidation process (AOP) of photocatalysis‐coupled peroxydisulfate (PDS) system toward practical applications in organic wastewater treatment. CoFe2O4 nanoparticles well grow onto TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) mesh (CoFe2O4/TNAs). The artful CoFe2O4/TNAs composite plays a bifunctional role in the proposed AOP. On one hand, CoFe2O4/TNAs itself is a visible‐light‐response photocatalyst. On the other hand, the Co(II) or Fe(II) in CoFe2O4 can heterogeneously activate PDS to generate energetic active species (•OH, SO4˙–, O2˙–, and 1O2). Meanwhile, the photo‐induced electrons can be also captured by electron traps Co(III) (or Fe(III)) which are further reduced to Co(II) (or Fe(II)) for continuous activation of PDS. As a result, the robust AOP of photocatalysis‐coupled PDS can almost completely degrade 10 mg/L refractory tetracycline within 40 min. Moreover, the proposed process shows a stable continuous‐flow treatment performance. This work provides basic understanding and support for continuous‐flow treatment of organic wastewater by photocatalysis‐coupled PDS system.
Spinal fixation after laminectomy in pigs prevents postoperative spinal cord injury
Authors: Slot Emma M. H. , de Boer Bart , Redegeld Saskia , van Thoor Sander , Moayeri Nizar , Slooff Willem‐Bart , Schaafsma Irene A. , Meij Björn , van Doormaal Tristan P. C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundA safe, effective, and ethically sound animal model is essential for preclinical research to investigate spinal medical devices. We report the initial failure of a porcine spinal survival model and a potential solution by fixating the spine.MethodsEleven female Dutch Landrace pigs underwent a spinal lumbar interlaminar decompression with durotomy and were randomized for implantation of a medical device or control group. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed before termination.ResultsNeurological deficits were observed in 6 out of the first 8 animals. Three of these animals were terminated prematurely because they reached the predefined humane endpoint. Spinal cord compression and myelopathy was observed on postoperative MRI imaging. We hypothesized postoperative spinal instability with epidural hematoma, inherent to the biology of the model, and subsequent spinal cord injury as a potential cause. In the subsequent 3 animals, we fixated the spine with Lubra plates. All these animals recovered without neurological deficits. The extent of spinal cord compression on MRI was variable across animals and did not seem to correspond well with neurological outcome.ConclusionThis study shows that in a porcine in vivo model of interlaminar decompression and durotomy, fixation of the spine after lumbar interlaminar decompression is feasible and may improve neurological outcomes. Additional research is necessary to evaluate this hypothesis.
Not All Entangled States are Useful for Ancilla‐Assisted Quantum Process Tomography
Authors: Lu Guo‐Dong , Zhang Zhou , Dai Yue , Dong Yu‐Li , Zhang Cheng‐Jie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIt is well known that one can extract all the information of an unknown quantum channel by means of quantum process tomography, such as standard quantum‐process tomography and ancilla‐assisted quantum process tomography (AAQPT). Furthermore, it is shown that entanglement is not necessary for AAQPT; there exist separable states that are also useful for it. Surprisingly, in this work we find that not all entangled states are useful for AAQPT; there also exist some entangled states that are useless. The realignment operation used in entanglement detection can be related to the question whether a bipartite state is useful for AAQPT. The relationship between them is derived and the process of extracting the complete information of an unknown channel by the realignment operation shown. Based on this relationship, examples of a two‐qutrit entangled state and a two‐qutrit bound entangled state are presented. Both of these two examples are entangled but they cannot be used for AAQPT. Last but not the least, experimental verification is been performed on the IBM platform.
Seasonal and diel activities of the Yangtze finless porpoise in natural and highly disturbed habitats: Implications for conservation planning of freshwater cetaceans
Authors: Chen Minmin , Yu Daoping , Wang Kangwei , Zhang Kang , Wang Zixuan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Knowledge of fine‐scale seasonal and diel activity patterns of animals provides insights into habitat utilization dynamics and informs conservation action planning against potential human impacts. Such information is particularly important for riverine cetaceans, such as the Yangtze finless porpoise, which is threatened by habitat loss and disturbances by a variety of human activities.
Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) techniques were used to survey the seasonal and diel activities of the Yangtze finless porpoise in two natural habitat patches of the Anqing Yangtze Finless Porpoise Natural Reserve, and in one highly disturbed area adjacent to the reserve.
In the two natural habitat patches, significantly higher detection rates of porpoises were observed during autumn and winter. The detection rates during autumn and winter were significantly higher at night than during daytime, whereas during spring and summer the diel difference in porpoise detection rates was not statistically significant. In the highly disturbed habitat, the porpoise detection rates were significantly lower than those in the two natural habitats. Although seasonal differences in porpoise detection rates were not statistically significant, diel detection rates were significantly different in autumn and winter.
Information on seasonal patterns of porpoise activities suggested strengthening monitoring and law enforcement during autumn and winter, during the period in which diel activity patterns implied a potential conservation gap during nighttime. Extremely low levels of porpoise activities in port areas implied an ecological impact of coastal engineering on megafauna viability through the alteration of habitat functionality.
To provide information on animal occurrences and activities and to minimize the bias of ‘false‐absence’ from visual surveys, the census survey design should consider both visual and PAM techniques. In seasons when occurrences of river cetaceans and habitat use are increasing, heightened conservation monitoring and law enforcement efforts are required, particularly during nighttime.
3D homogeneous potentials producing isoenergetic families of orbits: An application to galactic dynamics
Authors: Kotoulas Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the light of the inverse problem of Newtonian dynamics, we study three‐dimensional homogeneous potentials of degree producing a given two‐parametric family of regular orbits. Especially, we are interested in isoenergetic families of orbits, that is, families of orbits, which are described with constant energy by a test particle of unit mass. First, we offer the criteria, which must be fulfilled by the given family of regular orbits so that it can be created by such a potential. Second, we examine special cases, for example, , and we present families of orbits, which are generated by genuine 3D potentials. Finally, applications to galactic models are also given.
Enhancing the Cyclability of VS4 Positive Electrode in Carbonate‐Based Electrolyte using Fluoroethylene Carbonate Additive
Authors: Yoshii Kazuki , Kohno Kazushige , Maeyoshi Yuta , Taguchi Noboru , Yano Akira , Takeuchi Tomonari , Sakaebe Hikari 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVanadium polysulfide (VS4) is a promising material of construction for positive electrodes of next‐generation batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and electrical conductivity compared to those of elemental sulfur. In this study, we investigated the charge and discharge behavior of a low‐crystalline VS4 positive electrode using different electrolytes and under differing charge and discharge conditions. The electrolyte composed purely of cyclic carbonate exhibited higher cycle performance than the one containing linear carbonate. Furthermore, the addition of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) to the electrolyte was very effective to improve the cycle performance. The effects of FEC on the VS4 positive electrode were investigated using electrochemical techniques, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron microscopy, the results whereof indicated that LiF‐containing components were formed on the VS4 surface, and probably contributed to the improvement of the charge and discharge behavior of the VS4 positive electrode.
Advanced strategies to thwart foreign body response to implantable devices
Authors: Capuani Simone , Malgir Gulsah , Chua Corrine Ying Xuan , Grattoni Alessandro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMitigating the foreign body response (FBR) to implantable medical devices (IMDs) is critical for successful long‐term clinical deployment. The FBR is an inevitable immunological reaction to IMDs, resulting in inflammation and subsequent fibrotic encapsulation. Excessive fibrosis may impair IMDs function, eventually necessitating retrieval or replacement for continued therapy. Therefore, understanding the implant design parameters and their degree of influence on FBR is pivotal to effective and long lasting IMDs. This review gives an overview of FBR as well as anti‐FBR strategies. Furthermore, we highlight recent advances in biomimetic approaches to resist FBR, focusing on their characteristics and potential biomedical applications.
Vascularized lymph node transplantation successfully reverses lymphedema and maintains immunity in a rat lymphedema model
Authors: Sakarya Ahmet Hamdi , Huang Chi‐Wei , Yang Chin‐Yu , Hsiao Hui‐Yi , Chang Frank Chun‐Shin , Huang Jung‐Ju 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVascularized lymph node transplantation (VLNT) has shown inspiring results for the treatment of lymphedema. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how VLNT restores lymphatic drainage and whether or not immunity recovers after surgery. Hindlimb lymphedema model was created using rats with extensive groin and popliteal lymph node removable following with radiotherapy, and the lymphedema was confirmed using indocyanine green (ICG) lymphangiography and micro‐computer tomography for volume measurement. VLNT was performed 1 month later. Volume measurement, ICG lymphangiography, histology, and immune reaction were done 1 month after surgery. VLNT successfully reduced the volume of the lymphedema hindlimb, restored lymphatic drainage function with proven lymphatic channel, and reduced lymphedema‐related inflammation and fibrosis. It promotes lymphangiogenesis shown from ICG lymphangiography, histology, and enhanced lymphangiogenesis gene expression. Dendritic cell trafficking via the regenerated lymphatic channels was successfully restored, and maintained systemic immune response was proved using dinitrofluorobenzene sensitization and challenge. VLNT effectively reduces lymphedema and promotes lymphatic regeneration in the capillary lymphatic but not the collecting lymphatic vessels. Along with the re‐established lymphatic system was the restoration of immune function locally and systemically. This correlated to clinical experience regarding the reduction of swelling and infection episodes after VLNT in lymphedema patients.
Tunable Circularly Polarized Luminescent Supramolecular Systems: Approaches and Applications
Authors: Chen Xu‐Man , Zhang Shu , Chen Xiao , Li Quan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Xu‐Man Chen et al., Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University. The image shows left and right hands manipulating the supramolecular building blocks to control the emission color, intensity and chirality of circularly polarized luminescent materials. Read the full text of the Review at 10.1002/cptc.202100256.
pH analysis of still and carbonated bottled water: Potential influence on dental erosion
Authors: Morgado Mariana , Ascenso Carla , Carmo Joana , Mendes José João , Manso Ana Cristina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess pH values to characterize bottled water in Portugal, being able to provide information for both patients and clinicians about its erosive potential, as a tool to prevent the ingrowing prevalence of dental erosion and its progression, especially in patients who are at greater risk, such as those with dry mouth syndrome, making the dissemination of this knowledge a fundamental tool for clinical decision.Materials and MethodsOne hundred and five common brands of bottled water (n = 105), commercialized in Portugal, were analyzed. Of these, 73 were smooth water (Group A) and 32 carbonated water (Group B). All pH values were assessed by potentiometric measurement with a calibrated electrode. For each brand, five independent measurements were recorded at 25°C for further calculation of the mean pH value and standard deviation.ResultsFocusing on the mean pH values from Group A, one had a pH mean value lower than 5.2, four between 5.2 and 5.5, thirty‐seven between 5.5 and 6.8, and thirty‐one higher than 6.8. In Group B, ten had a mean pH value lower than 5.2, ten between 5.2 and 5.5, twelve between 5.5 and 6.8, and none above 6.8.ConclusionsBottled water, commercialized in Portugal, has different mean pH values, some below the critical threshold of enamel and/or dentin, suggesting that they may have a greater risk of consumption than others, only with respect to the pH parameter of erosive potential. Further investigation concerning this area is needed for wider conclusions.
Psychometric properties of the Barthel Index for evaluating physical function among Chinese oldest‐old
Authors: Zhang Chi , Zhang Xuxi , Zhang Hao , Zeng Ping , Yin Pengbin , Li Zhongquan , Zhao Yali , Yao Yao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Barthel Index (BI) is among the most widely used instruments for evaluating physical function, yet its applicability has not been well studied in the oldest‐old population.ObjectiveTo test the psychometric properties of the BI for evaluating physical activities of daily living (ADL) in a large representative sample of oldest‐old population in China.MethodsParticipants were 1750 oldest‐old adults (aged 80–116 years, 72.11% female) including 956 centenarians. ADL were assessed during face‐to‐face interviews. Multiple methodologies were applied to evaluate the reliability, validity and measurement invariance of the BI. An item response theory (IRT) framework was conducted to estimate the parameters of each item.Results48.91% participants had function dependence. Cronbach's α coefficient of the BI was 0.902, but ‘Stair climbing’ impaired the overall internal consistency. The known‐group validity of the BI was confirmed by significant differences in the BI score across age (P < 0.001), gender (P < 0.001), education (P < 0.001) and ethnicity (P = 0.038). The criterion‐related validity was supported by significant correlations between the BI score with depression symptoms (r = −0.36, P < 0.001), subjective well‐being (r = 0.23, P < 0.001) and self‐report health status (r = 0.22, P < 0.001). Factor analysis yielded a two‐factor structure (somatic function and physiological self‐care) with appropriate invariance. Ten items showed acceptable discrimination parameters (1.80–5.87) and difficulty parameters (−2.65–1.11) but had variant test information (1.73–10.22). ‘Bower control’ and ‘Bladder control’ were not conducive to the local independence.ConclusionsThe BI has appropriate reliability, validity and measurement precision for community‐based Chinese oldest‐old and centenarians, but individual items have low quality. Somatic disability and incontinence are two latent categories of functional dependence in this population. Living environment needs to be taken into consideration for ADL instrument development and modification.
A study of ions' shear flow instabilities and parallel electron current in pure pair‐ion and pair‐ion‐electron plasmas
Authors: Shahzad K. , Aman‐ur‐Rehman  
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe pair‐ion plasma has attained special attention due to equal masses and equal but opposite charges. The electrostatic fluctuations with sheared effect are investigated in ideal low‐density and low‐temperature pure pair‐ion (PI) and pair‐ion electron (PIE) plasmas in different cases. These instabilities are also studied with homogeneous and inhomogeneous density effects. The growing D'Angelo mode can become the electrostatic instability with shear flow in uniform PIE plasma. It is observed that the shear flow also gives rise to an electrostatic instability in temperature anisotropic pure pair‐ion plasma. It is also seen that in pair‐ion plasma, the presence of small concentration of electrons results in significant changings in real frequency and growth rate of ion acoustic waves (IAWs). The effect of current driven field aligned flow of electrons on IAWs is also discussed in this article. Kinetic and fluid models are used to study the growth rate of IAWs when both the ionic species have similar shear flow and when both the ionic species have different shear flow.
Cats and dogs: A mesopredator navigating risk and reward provisioned by an apex predator
Authors: Brunet Mitchell J. , Monteith Kevin L. , Huggler Katey S. , Clapp Justin G. , Thompson Daniel J. , Burke Patrick W. , Zornes Mark , Lionberger Patrick , Valdez Miguel , Holbrook Joseph D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSuccessfully perceiving risk and reward is fundamental to the fitness of an animal, and can be achieved through a variety of perception tactics. For example, mesopredators may “directly” perceive risk by visually observing apex predators, or may “indirectly” perceive risk by observing habitats used by predators. Direct assessments should more accurately characterize the arrangement of risk and reward; however, indirect assessments are used more frequently in studies concerning the response of GPS‐marked animals to spatiotemporally variable sources of risk and reward. We investigated the response of a mesopredator to the presence of risk and reward created by an apex predator, where risk and reward likely vary in relative perceptibility (i.e., degree of being perceptible). First, we tested whether coyotes (Canis latrans) use direct or indirect assessments to navigate the presence of mountain lions (Puma concolor; risk) and kills made by mountain lions (reward) in an area where coyotes were a common prey item for mountain lions. Second, we assessed the behavioral response of coyotes to direct encounters with mountain lions. Third, we evaluated spatiotemporal use of carrion by coyotes at kills made by mountain lions. Indirect assessments generally outperformed direct assessments when integrating analyses into a unified framework; nevertheless, our ability to detect direct perception in navigating to mountain lion kills was likely restricted by scale and sampling limitations (e.g., collar fix rates, unsampled kill sites). Rather than responding to the risk of direct encounters with mountain lions, coyotes facilitated encounters by increasing their movement rate, and engaged in risky behavior by scavenging at mountain lion kills. Coyotes appear to mitigate risk by using indirect perception to avoid mountain lions. Our predator–predator interactions and insights are nuanced and counter to the conventional predator–prey systems that have generated much of the predation risk literature.
Development of time‐delay analysis method of inductance and capacitance for microfluidic circuit
Authors: Watanabe Ryo , Yoshida Akira , Sato Yota , Sohgawa Masayuki , Abe Takashi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we report the development of time‐delay analysis method of inductance and capacitance for microfluidic circuit. The sensor used in this method is composed of the sensing inductor (SI) and the sensing capacitor (SC) with a microfluidic circuit. This sensor measures inductance and capacitance in a time difference by delaying with microfluidic circuit. We confirmed that SI and SC have different responses to conductive and dielectric solution. This research is expected to be applied to the combined analysis of liquid samples.
Webslinger vs. Dark Knight: First record of a false widow spider Steatoda nobilis preying on a pipistrelle bat in Britain
Authors: Dunbar John P. , Vitkauskaite Aiste , Lawton Colin , Waddams Ben , Dugon Michel M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe noble false widow spider Steatoda nobilis continues to expand its range globally with possible implications for public health and native species. Of the European Union list of 66 species of invasive plants and animals, none are spiders. S. nobilis is invasive around the world, but its impact on native species has not been fully assessed. Here, we report on the predation of a protected species of pipistrelle bat by S. nobilis in Britain. To our knowledge, this is the first recorded case of a Theridiidae spider preying on a bat globally, the first case of a Theridiidae spider preying on a vertebrate in Britain, and the first global case of a Steatoda preying on a mammal.
Automatic design method of typical parameters of a switched reluctance motor focusing on magnetic saturation
Authors: Kumagai Takahiro , Itoh Jun‐Ichi , Kusaka Keisuke , Sato Daisuke 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes an automatic design method of typical parameters such as number of phases, number of poles, stack thickness, stator outer diameter, rotor outer diameter, and number of turns of a switched reluctance motor from the requirement of the N‐T characteristic. In particular, a specific parameter related to the magnetic saturation is defined in order to arbitrarily determine how much to use the magnetic properties of the iron core material. In the proposed method, the typical motor parameters in order to realize a miniaturized volume which satisfies an input N‐T characteristic are obtained by setting the parameter related to magnetic saturation, maximum electrical frequency, maximum current density, maximum copper loss, conductor slot fill factor, magnetic properties of material, and input voltage. The designed motor is analyzed using the Finite Element Method (FEM) in order to validate the proposed method.
Development of a numerical model for metal vapor dynamics in low pressure arcs based on moving particle semi‐implicit method and influence of shield wall radius on vapor behavior
Authors: Miyazaki Takamitsu , Hatanaka Yuto , Tanaka Yasunori , Nakano Yusuke , Ishijima Tatsuo , Asanuma Gaku , Onchi Toshiyuki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNumerical simulation was conducted for dynamic behavior of copper vapor in arcs under reduced pressure condition using the developed model. The developed model uses MPS method for atoms and ions, while it uses finite volume method for electron energy and electro‐magnetic fields. In this paper, the influence of shield wall inner radius for vapor dynamics was studied on the heavy particle temperature, electron temperature and ionization degree. The particle in MPS method was assumed to be neutralized and mirror‐reflected on the shield wall. As a result, the shield wall with a larger radius causes lower density of metal vapor, lower ionization degree between the electrodes.