bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic portal image enhancement based on nonuniformity correction in wavelet domain
Authors: Ghaempanah Hanieh , Tavakoli Meysam , Deevband Mohammad Reza , Alvar Amin Asgharzadeh , Najafi Mohsen , Kelley Patrick 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeElectronic portal images are one of the most important tools to verify the ongoing radiotherapy treatment through comparison with a reference image generated during treatment planning. In this procedure, two images are geometrically matched by means of visible bone or other landmarks of interest such as implanted fiducials. However, the intrinsically poor contrast and low spatial resolution of portal images can limit image quality.MethodsIn this study, we have provided a multiresolution approach to enhance the quality of portal images acquired from the pelvis treatment fields. The main idea behind this work aims at removing some of the image artifacts that conceal the anatomical information. For this purpose, we have applied the homomorphic filtering on the approximation sub‐band of wavelet decomposition to enhance local information. Moreover, in order to sharpen the bone edges, wavelet detail sub‐bands were weighted to amplify important image details in the reconstruction of the desired enhanced image. The most appropriate image quality measure was chosen according to the image's characteristics in the spatial domain. By considering the characteristics of portal images as the random and nonperiodic texture, high level of noise, and a nonuniform background, three suitable quality measures of images were assessed: edge content, measure of enhancement, and measure of enhancement by entropy.ResultsThe higher values of these measures indicate the quality improvement in the processed images through our proposed algorithm. Moreover, the subjective evaluation results indicate that the proposed multiresolution approach significantly enhances the perceived quality of images in comparison with original and the similar approach ().ConclusionsOur proposed wavelet‐based enhancement algorithm successfully reduced image intensity nonuniformity and enhanced anatomical featured information, which drastically improved the objective metrics values. Subjective evaluation of enhanced image confirmed this quality improvement.
Hyperpolarized 13C MRI Reveals Large Changes in Pyruvate Metabolism During Digestion in Snakes
Authors: Hansen Kasper , Hansen Esben Søvsø. S. , Jespersen Nichlas Riise V. , Bøtker Hans Erik , Pedersen Michael , Wang Tobias , Laustsen Christoffer 
Published: April 2022

PurposeHyperpolarized 13C MRI is a powerful technique to study dynamic metabolic processes in vivo; but it has predominantly been used in mammals, mostly humans, pigs, and rodents.MethodsIn the present study, we use this technique to characterize the metabolic fate of hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate in Burmese pythons (Python bivittatus), a large species of constricting snake that exhibits a four‐ to tenfold rise in metabolism and large growth of the visceral organs within 24–48 h of ingestion of their large meals.ResultsWe demonstrate a fivefold elevation of the whole‐body lactate‐to‐pyruvate ratio in digesting snakes, pointing to a large rise in lactate production from pyruvate. Consistent with the well‐known metabolic stimulation of digestion, measurements of mitochondrial respiration in hepatocytes in vitro indicate a marked postprandial upregulation of mitochondrial respiration. We observed that a low SNR of the hyperpolarized 13C produced metabolites in the python, and this lack of signal was possibly due to the low metabolism of reptiles compared with mammals, preventing quantification of alanine and bicarbonate production with the experimental setup used in this study. Spatial quantification of the [1‐13C]lactate was only possible in postprandial snakes (with high metabolism), where a statistically significant difference between the heart and liver was observed.ConclusionWe confirm the large postprandial rise in the wet mass of most visceral organs, except for the heart, and demonstrated that it is possible to image the [1‐13C]pyruvate uptake and intracellular conversion to [1‐13C]lactate in ectothermic animals.
Factors influencing the behavior of bystanders to workplace bullying in healthcare—A qualitative descriptive interview study
Authors: Jönsson Sandra , Muhonen Tuija 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWorkplace bullying is a severe problem that affects individuals, organizations, and society. Although there is a growing research interest in bystanders of workplace bullying, the rationale underlying bystanders' behavior in healthcare settings requires further investigation. The aim of the current study is to explore factors that influence the behavior of bystanders to workplace bullying in the healthcare sector. Qualitative semistructured interviews were conducted with 32 staff members in the healthcare sector in Sweden. Data were collected between March 2019 and September 2020 and were analyzed with thematic analysis. The participants experienced that bystanders of bullying, both colleagues and managers, were in many situations acting in a passive way. Organizational factors such as dysfunctional organizational culture and deficiencies in management affected how actively the bystanders could intervene. Additionally, a fear of negative consequences, lack of awareness of what was going on, bullying behavior being excused, and the bystander not being a member of the dominant group were social factors contributing to bystanders' passive behavior. For bystander intervention to be successful, the organization must consider bullying as a serious issue, take action, and show support for both the target and the bystander.
Digital light processing mediated 3D printing of biocomposite bone scaffolds: Physico‐chemical interactions and in‐vitro biocompatibility
Authors: Vyas Abhijit , Bandhu Ghosh Subrata , Bandyopadhyay‐Ghosh Sanchita , Agrawal Ashish Kumar , Khare Deepak , Dubey Ashutosh Kumar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study reports development of digital light processing (DLP) mediated 3D printed customized bone scaffolds. Bioactive fluorcanasite glass ceramic was incorporated within photocurable resin matrix and the suspensions were 3D printed towards developing composite bone scaffolds. Physico‐chemical interaction in the biocomposite bone scaffolds were investigated using infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Further, the mechanical properties of the composite scaffold samples were also evaluated to understand the strengths of the samples in terms of its fracture toughness, flexural strength, and compressive strength. Infrared spectroscopy results demonstrated an active interaction between the acrylate functionalities of the polymer with the bioactive fluorcanasite glass ceramic reinforcement. This was further substantiated with x‐ray diffraction results, demonstrating rise in the bioactive crystalline peaks with corresponding increase in the fluorcanasite glass ceramic loading. Later, the samples were also evaluated for in‐vitro cellular response in terms of cell viability, proliferation, adhesion, and interaction. The surface hydrophilicity responsible for osteogenic interaction was also studied with contact angle goniometry. With increase in fluorcanasite loading in the formulation, the hydrophilicity was found to increase over the sample surface which in turn was found to enhance cell adhesion and proliferation, as revealed byin‐vitro MTT assay and also fluorescence microscopy. To establish the efficacy of DLP technique, two different porous architectural designs were 3D printed and investigated with synchrotron micro‐computed tomography. The microtomographs revealed precise microarchitecture and interconnected porosity within the scaffolds.
Erosive wear analysis of bamboo fiber‐reinforced high‐density polyethylene composites: Effect of aluminum oxide
Authors: Jiang Liangpeng , Yang Yue , Fu Jingjing , Teng Wenxiang , Wang Hao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn order to improve the erosive wear resistance of bamboo fiber‐reinforced high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) composites, the effect of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) on the erosive wear behavior of composites was investigated. The study of erosive wear was using the swirling water jet technique. The results showed that the addition of nanoscale Al2O3 could optimize the structural strength, composite structure, and erosive wear resistance of composites. The best erosive wear resistance was observed in composites containing 6/189 wt% of nanoscale Al2O3, 80/189 wt% of bamboo fiber, 100/189 wt% of HDPE, and 3/189 wt% of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene. The composites with and without adding nanoscale Al2O3, both exhibited a maximum erosive wear rate at a shooting distance of 0.5 cm and an erosive duration of 180 s. The erosive wear mechanism of composites mainly included pulverization of bamboo fibers, brittle fracture of HDPE matrix, and increasing in oxygen content.
Machine learning to predict vasopressin responsiveness in patients with septic shock
Authors: Scheibner Aileen , Betthauser Kevin D. , Bewley Alice F. , Juang Paul , Lizza Bryan , Micek Scott , Lyons Patrick G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to develop and externally validate a model to predict adjunctive vasopressin response in patients with septic shock being treated with norepinephrine for bedside use in the intensive care unit.DesignThis was a retrospective analysis of two adult tertiary intensive care unit septic shock populations.SettingBarnes‐Jewish Hospital (BJH) from 2010 to 2017 and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) from 2001 to 2012.PatientsTwo septic shock populations (548 BJH patients and 464 BIDMC patients) that received vasopressin as second‐line vasopressor.InterventionPatients who were vasopressin responsive were compared with those who were nonresponsive. Vasopressin response was defined as survival with at least a 20% decrease in maximum daily norepinephrine requirements by one calendar day after vasopressin initiation, without a third‐line vasopressor.MeasurementsTwo supervised machine learning models (gradient‐boosting machine [XGBoost] and elastic net penalized logistic regression [EN]) were trained in 1000 bootstrap replications of the BJH data and externally validated in the BIDMC data to predict vasopressin responsiveness.Main ResultsVasopressin responsiveness was similar among each cohort (BJH 45% and BIDMC 39%). Mortality was lower for vasopressin responders compared with nonresponders in the BJH (51% vs. 73%) and BIDMC (45% vs. 83%) cohorts, respectively. Both models demonstrated modest discrimination in the training (XGBoost area under receiver operator curve [AUROC] 0.61 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.61–0.61], EN 0.59 [95% CI 0.58–0.59]) and external validation (XGBoost 0.68 [95% CI 0.63–0.73], EN 0.64 [95% CI 0.59–0.69]) datasets.ConclusionVasopressin nonresponsiveness is common and associated with increased mortality. The models' modest performances highlight the complexity of septic shock and indicate that more research will be required before clinical decision support tools can aid in anticipating patient‐specific responsiveness to vasopressin.
Process to separate per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances from water using colloidal gas aphrons
Authors: Kulkarni Poonam R. , Aranzales Diana , Javed Hassan , Holsen Thomas M. , Johnson Nicholas W. , Richardson Stephen D. , Mededovic Thagard Selma , Newell Charles J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCurrent ex situ per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) remediation strategies often involve the treatment of large volumes of PFAS‐impacted water via separation processes to concentrate PFAS for subsequent treatment or disposal. This study presents a new method for concentrating PFAS that relies on colloidal gas aphrons (CGAs), unusual microstructures composed of water, multilayers of surfactants, and air, that can be used for separation via electrostatic and hydrophobic sorption. This study successfully demonstrates the efficacy of CGAs in removing ionic dyes (as PFAS surrogates) (81%–91%), as well as ultra‐short and short‐chain PFAS (60%–90%) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, 88%) within 10 min. However, poor removal of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS, 0%) was observed within 10 min of treatment. Compared to bubbling with nitrogen alone, and nitrogen with cetrimonium bromide (CTAB) in bulk solution, CGAs demonstrate significantly higher removal of perfluorobutanoic acid, a short‐chain PFAS (0% for N2, 11% for N2 + CTAB, and 90% for CGAs). These results suggest that CGAs may serve as a promising new separation and concentration technology for removing a suite of PFAS from water, particularly for difficult to remove short‐chained compounds.
A scoping review of international mindedness and related concepts in music education, 2000–2020
Authors: Norman Timothy David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInternational mindedness (IM) is a term often used by the International Baccalaureate (IB), international schools and researchers in the field of international education. However, within the discipline of music education, this concept remains relatively unexplored. Conducted as a scoping review, using Arksey and O’Malley's (2005) framework, this study charts the research literature that explores IM and its related concepts within music education settings. A broad definition of music education was adopted, incorporating both formal and informal learning environments. Related concepts to IM, used as search terms, were taken from two IB commissioned reports (that is, Castro, Lundgren and Woodin, 2013; Singh and Qi, 2013). Only primary studies, with a publication date between 2000 and 2020, were included. In total, 218 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria, the majority of which addressed the concepts of multicultural education, intercultural competence, cultural awareness and social inclusion. No primary studies were included for the concepts of common humanity, human rights education, language rights, omniculturalism, transcultural competence and world mindedness/citizenship. Only four primary studies were found that address IM, conducted by the same two researchers, leading the author to question whether future research exploring IM in music education settings is a worthwhile endeavour. In sum, although a significant amount of literature was found through this scoping review, several concepts remain underdeveloped, or completely unexplored, within the field of music education.
Improving the performance of Bayesian logistic regression model with overdose control in oncology dose‐finding studies
Authors: Zhang Hongtao , Chiang Alan Y. , Wang Jixian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn accurately identified maximum tolerated dose (MTD) serves as the cornerstone of successful subsequent phases in oncology drug development. Bayesian logistic regression model (BLRM) is a popular and versatile model‐based dose‐finding design. However, BLRM with original overdose control strategy has been reported to be safe but “excessively conservative.” In this article, we investigate the reason for conservativeness and point out that a major reason could be the lack of appropriate underdose control. We propose designs that balance overdose and underdose control to improve the performance over the original BLRM. Simulation results reveal that the new designs have better accuracy and treat more patients at MTD.
Sustainable chemical upcycling of waste polyolefins by heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Chu Mingyu , Tu Weilin , Yang Shuangqiao , Zhang Congyang , Li Qingye , Zhang Qiao , Chen Jinxing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe mass production of disposable polyolefin products has led to serious plastic pollution and an imbalance between manufacturing and recycling. Given these challenges, the chemical upcycling of waste polyolefins has attracted extensive attention due to its high efficiency and economic benefits. Herein, we review the development of polyolefin chemical upcycling in heterogeneous catalysis. The status quo of polyolefin recycling is first discussed. We then introduce the advanced strategies for chemical upcycling in the view of different value‐added products and discuss their challenges and prospects. Our in‐depth analysis centers on the catalytic mechanism and the design principle of heterogeneous catalysts. Finally, we outlook the promising directions to facilitate the degradation process via polymer and catalyst design and optimized catalytic engineering. Innovative strategies are expected to promote the chemical upcycling of polyolefins, bringing great promise for the sustainable development of society.
Recent Advances in Carbon and Metal Based Supramolecular Technology for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Hasan Md. Mahedi , Islam Tamanna , Shah Syed Shaheen , Awal Abdul , Aziz Md. Abdul , Ahammad A. J. Saleh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs the world moves towards renewable and sustainable energy sources, the need for systems that can quickly and safely store this energy is also rising. Supercapacitors (SCs) are among the most promising alternatives to conventional lithium‐ion batteries. SCs are more stable, have higher‐power densities, and can be charged much faster. However, SCs have their issues, and three of the main drawbacks of current SCs are 1) lower energy densities, 2) high cost of production, and 3) safety concerns in wearable devices. In this review, we discuss recent progress made in supramolecule‐based SCs (SSCs). In supramolecular systems, molecules are held stable using non‐covalent‐type bonds. This allows for a flexible system in which the molecular interaction sites can easily break and reform at low energy, allowing for exposure of highly active sites and self‐healing. When heterometal atoms are introduced into these supramolecular systems, this allows for further activation of the metal sites through the metal‐metal interaction along with the metal‐ligand interactions. This review discusses different types of SSCs (carbon‐based and metal‐incorporated) that have been utilized in recent years depending on their synthesis process. The working principle of SSCs and the utilization of different supramolecular elements that enhance the performance of SCs have also been discussed.
Age‐related miRNAs dysregulation and abnormal BACE1 expression following Pb exposure in adolescent mice
Authors: Wang Ruike , Wu Zuntao , Liu Rundong , Bai Lin , Lin Yan , Ba Yue , Huang Hui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNumbers of emerging evidence suggest that lead (Pb) exposure contributes to cognitive decline and might also increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia in the elderly by increasing the beta‐amyloid burden. Here, we aimed to characterize the effects of Pb on the post‐transcriptional regulators, microRNAs (miRNAs), which may participate in AD pathogenesis. At first, early chronic Pb exposure on neuronal miRNAs expression with increasing aging was profiled to elucidate the association of three selected miRNAs with β‐site APP‐cleaving enzyme 1(BACE1), a rate‐limiting enzyme for β‐amyloid (Aβ) production. Next, we verified changes in BACE1 were observed by regulating miRNAs expression in vitro. While Pb promoted BACE1 levels, BACE1 levels were reduced in SH‐SY5Y cells with miR‐124‐3p mimic, suggesting for the first time that miR‐124‐3p/BACE1 pathway modulation is critically involved in Pb‐induced AD‐like amyloidogenic processing. Findings from this study could provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of Pb‐associated neurodegenerative pathogenesis from an epigenetic perspective.
Genotyping, antibiotic resistance and prevalence of Arcobacter species in milk and dairy products
Authors: Lameei Abazar , Rahimi Ebrahim , Shakerian Amir , Momtaz Hassan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundArcobacter spp. has been considered an emerging foodborne pathogen and a hazard to human health. The dairy chain has been isolated from different sources; nevertheless, data on Arcobacter occurrence in raw milk and dairy products in Iran are still scant.ObjectiveThe present study investigates the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of virulence genes of Arcobacters species isolated from milk and dairy products.MethodsThen, a total of 350 raw milk samples and 400 dairy product samples were collected from dairy supply centers in Isfahan, Iran. Presumptive Arcobacter strains were obtained by enriching samples in Oxoid Arcobacter enrichment broth (AEB) followed by the filtration of enrichment product through 0.45‐μm pore size membrane filters laid onto non‐selective blood at 30°C under microaerophilic conditions. Molecular identification of Arcobacter cryaerophilus and A. butzleri was performed by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, followed by sequencing. The disc diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates. Targeted resistance and virulence genes were detected using multiplex PCR.ResultsThe results show a low recovery rate of Arcobacter spp. in milk. Arcobacters were found in all types of milk, except raw camel milk, but were absent from all dairy products. Arcobacter butzleri was the predominant species in raw milk. Detection of virulence genes shows that all virulence genes targeted were found among A. butzleri, and six (cadF, cj1349, irgA, mviN, pldA, tlyA) were found among A. cryaerophilus. All A. butzleri strains and some A. cryaerophilus strains isolated from milk were resistant to amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid and tetracycline. All A. cryaerophilus isolates from milk were susceptible to gentamycin, streptomycin, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin. The distribution of resistance genes in Arcobacter strains in milk shows that all isolates carried tet(O) and blaOXA‐61 genes.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the results indicate a low recovery rate of Arcobacter spp. in milk and milk products. However, a significant number of Arcobacter strains with putative virulence genes may be potential pathogens for humans and an overall increase in Arcobacter resistance to first‐line antibiotics. These results highlight the need for regular surveillance of Arcobacter strains in milk and milk products in Iran.
Preparation and performance of low‐dielectric benzocyclobutene resins containing dicyclopentadiene
Authors: Wu Song , Peng Qiuxia , Deng Yueting , Shi Qingyu , Ma Jiajun , Huang Yawen , Yang Junxiao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLow‐dielectric‐constant polymer materials are widely used in the electronic industry owing to their unique characteristics. Benzocyclobutene (BCB) resin is one such material with excellent dielectric properties and thermal stabilities. In this work, a novel BCB‐functionalized monomer (DCPDNO‐BCB) was synthesized from 2,6‐dimethyl phenol‐DCPD novolac (DCPDNO) and 4‐Bromobenzocyclobutene through Ullmann coupling. The structure of DCPDNO‐BCB was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and ESI‐MS, and poly(DCPDNO‐BCB), obtained by ring‐opening and subsequent Diels–Alder reaction at the appropriate temperature, was found to exhibit low dielectric properties (k = 2.53 at 10 MHz), low water absorption, high thermal stability (Td5 = 430°C), and good film flatness.
Humeral air sac neoplasm in a cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus)
Authors: Tyson Susan J. , Biswell Ethan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrimary respiratory neoplasms are uncommonly reported in avian species, and available literature on the occurrence of spontaneous neoplasms in birds is limited. Humeral air sac carcinomas are reported in large psittaciforms; however, no reports exist in cockatiels or other small psittaciforms. Psittaciforms have unique air sac anatomy compared to aquatic avian species and differences exist within the family Psittacidae. This report is the first to describe a humeral air sac neoplasm with pulmonary invasion in a cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus).