bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulation of cyclotron resonant scattering features
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Bala Suman , Bhattacharya Dipankar 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a new Monte Carlo radiative transfer code, which we have used to model the cyclotron line features in the environment of a variable magnetic field and plasma density. The code accepts an input continuum and performs only the line transfer by including the three cyclotron resonant processes (cyclotron absorption, cyclotron emission, cyclotron scattering). Subsequently, the effects of gravitational redshift and light bending on the emergent spectra are computed. We have applied our code to predict the observable spectra from three different emission geometries; (1) an optically thin slab near the stellar surface, (2) an accretion mound formed by the accumulation of the accreted matter, (3) an accretion column representing the zone of a settling flow on to the star. Our results show that the locally emergent spectra from the emission volume are significantly anisotropic. However, in the presence of strong light bending the anisotropy reduces considerably. This averaging also drastically reduces the strength of harmonics higher than second in the observable cyclotron spectra. We find that uniform field slabs produce line features that are too narrow, and mounds with large magnetic distortions produce features that are too wide compared to the average widths of the spectral features observed from various sources. The column with a gently varying (dipole) field produces widths in the intermediate range, similar to those observed.
The 2022 encounter of the outburst material from comet 73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann 3
Authors: Ye (叶泉志) Quanzhi , Vaubaillon Jérémie 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The encounter of the meteoric material from 73P/Schmassmann–Wachmann 3 produced during the comet’s 1995 outburst in May 2022 provides a rare and valuable opportunity to understand a fragmenting comet. Here, we explore various ejection configurations and their impact on the meteor outburst detected in the early hours of ut 2022 May 31. We show that the dust must have been ejected ∼4 to 5× faster than calculated by water-ice sublimation model to best match the observed meteor activity. As only a small subset of particles with a narrow range of cross-section is expected to have reached the Earth, the large spread of meteor brightness likely indicates the presence of large but porous meteoroids in the trail. Other effects such as an enhanced lunar sodium tail and a visible glow from the meteoroid trail may have also occurred during the encounter.
Burden of Cancer and Utilization of Local Surgical Treatment Services in Rural Hospitals of Ethiopia: A Retrospective Assessment from 2014 to 2019
Authors: Wondimagegnehu Abigiya , Negash Bereded Fekadu , Assefa Mathewos , Teferra Solomon , Zebrack Bradley , Addissie Adamu , Kantelhardt Eva J 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Global cancer estimations for Ethiopia announced 77 352 new cases in 2020 based on the only population-based registry in Addis Ababa. This study characterizes cancer patients in rural Ethiopia at 8 primary and secondary hospitals between 2014 and 2019.

Patients and Methods
All clinically or pathologically confirmed cancer cases that were diagnosed between 1 May 2014 and 29 April 2019 were included. A structured data extraction tool was used to retrospectively review patients’ charts and descriptive analysis was done.

Results
A total of 1298 cancer cases were identified, of which three-fourths were females with a median age of 42 years. Breast (38%) and cervical (29%) cancers were the most common among females, while prostate (19%) and oesophageal cancers (16%) were the most common among males. Only 39% of tumors were pathologically confirmed. Nearly two-thirds of the cases were diagnosed at an advanced stage. Surgery was the only accessible treatment option for more than half of the cancer patients, and systemic treatment (except endocrine) was rarely available. One in 5 patients did not receive the recommended surgical procedure, half due to patient refusal or lack of the patient returning to the hospital.

Conclusion
The pattern of cancer diagnoses in rural hospitals shows an exceptionally high burden in women in their middle-ages due to breast and cervical cancers. Advanced stage presentation, lack of pathology services, and unavailability of most systemic treatment options were common. The surgery was offered to nearly 60% of the patients, showing the significant efforts of health workers to reduce sufferings.
Wall Street and Silicon Valley: A Delicate Interaction
Authors: Angeletos George-Marios , Lorenzoni Guido , Pavan Alessandro 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Entrepreneurs and venture capitalists are concerned about investors’ beliefs in asset markets because these beliefs shape the value of a potential IPO and the possibility to expand. Investors’ beliefs, on the other hand, can be influenced by start-up activity insofar as the latter contains valuable information about eventual profitability. This two-way feedback is shown to generate excessive, non-fundamental, waves in start-up activity, IPOs, and asset prices. Policies that “lean against the wind” can improve welfare, without requiring an informational advantage by the government.
IL-17A and TNF synergistically drive expression of proinflammatory mediators in synovial fibroblasts via IκBζ-dependent induction of ELF3
Authors: Kouri Vesa-Petteri , Olkkonen Juri , Nurmi Katariina , Peled Nitai , Ainola Mari , Mandelin Jami , Nordström Dan C , Eklund Kari K 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective
IL-17A and TNF act in synergy to induce proinflammatory mediators in synovial fibroblasts thus contributing to diseases associated with chronic arthritis. Many of these factors are regulated by transcription factor E74-like factor-3 (ELF3). Therefore, we sought to investigate ELF3 as a downstream target of IL-17A and TNF signalling and to characterize its role in the molecular mechanism of synergy between IL-17A and TNF.

Methods
Regulation of ELF3 expression by IL-17A and TNF was studied in synovial fibroblasts of RA and OA patients and RA synovial explants. Signalling leading to ELF3 mRNA induction and the impact of ELF3 on the response to IL-17A and TNF were studied using siRNA, transient overexpression and signalling inhibitors in synovial fibroblasts and HEK293 cells.

Results
ELF3 was marginally affected by IL-17A or TNF alone, but their combination resulted in high and sustained expression. ELF3 expression was regulated by the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), but its induction required synthesis of the NF-κB co-factor IκB (inhibitor of NF-κB) ζ. siRNA-mediated depletion of ELF3 attenuated the induction of cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases by the combination of IL-17A and TNF. Overexpression of ELF3 or IκBζ showed synergistic effect with TNF in upregulating expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 8 (CCL8), and depletion of ELF3 abrogated CCL8 mRNA induction by the combination of IκBζ overexpression and TNF.

Conclusion
Altogether, our results establish ELF3 as an important mediator of the synergistic effect of IL-17A and TNF in synovial fibroblasts. The findings provide novel information of the pathogenic mechanisms of IL-17A in chronic arthritis and implicate ELF3 as a potential therapeutic target.
Alcohol use and poor sleep quality: a longitudinal twin study across 36 years
Authors: Helaakoski Viola , Kaprio Jaakko , Hublin Christer , Ollila Hanna M , Latvala Antti 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesPoor sleep is one of the multiple health issues associated with heavy alcohol consumption. While acute effects of alcohol intake on sleep have been widely investigated, the longitudinal associations remain relatively underexplored. The objective of our research was to shed light on cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between alcohol use and poor sleep quality over time, and to elucidate the role of familial confounding factors in such associations.MethodsUsing self-report questionnaire data from the Older Finnish Twin Cohort (N = 13 851), we examined how alcohol consumption and binge drinking are associated with sleep quality during a period of 36 years.ResultsCross-sectional logistic regression analyses revealed significant associations between poor sleep and alcohol misuse, including heavy and binge drinking, at all four time points (OR range = 1.61–3.37, p &lt; .05), suggesting that higher alcohol intake is associated with poor sleep quality over the years. Longitudinal cross-lagged analyses indicated that moderate, heavy and binge drinking predict poor sleep quality (OR range = 1.25–1.76, p &lt; .05), but not the reverse. Within-pair analyses suggested that the associations between heavy drinking and poor sleep quality were not fully explained by genetic and environmental influences shared by the co-twins.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our findings support previous literature in that alcohol use is associated with poor sleep quality, such that alcohol use predicts poor sleep quality later in life, but not vice versa, and that the association is not fully explained by familial factors.
Assessment of Absolute Substitution Model Fit Accommodating Time-Reversible and Non-Time-Reversible Evolutionary Processes
Authors: Goremykin Vadim 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The loss of information accompanying assessment of absolute fit of substitution models to phylogenetic data negatively affects the discriminatory power of previous methods and can make them insensitive to lineage-specific changes in the substitution process. As an alternative, I propose evaluating absolute fit of substitution models based on a novel statistic which describes the observed data without information loss and which is unlikely to become zero-inflated with increasing numbers of taxa. This method can accommodate gaps and is sensitive to lineage-specific shifts in the substitution process. In simulation experiments, it exhibits greater discriminatory power than previous methods. The method can be implemented in both Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analyses, and used to screen any set of models. Recently, it has been suggested that model selection may be an unnecessary step in phylogenetic inference. However, results presented here emphasize the importance of model fit assessment for reliable phylogenetic inference. [Absolute model fit; model misspecification; origin of plastids; phylogenomics.]
Tracking the trends of karyotype differentiation in the phylogenetic context of Gint, a scorpion genus endemic to the Horn of Africa (Scorpiones: Buthidae)
Authors: Just Pavel , Šťáhlavský František , Kovařík František , Štundlová Jana 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
To determine the mechanisms of karyotype differentiation in scorpions of the genus Gint, we employed an integrative approach, combining cytogenetic data and sequence-based phylogeny. We cytogenetically examined six species with emphasis on multivalent meiotic configurations, 18S rDNA and (TTAGG)n distribution and compared chromosomal data with genetic divergence based on analysis of 16S rRNA and COI gene markers. Our results show that Gint species exhibit substantial karyotype diversity (2n = 18–45) and a high incidence of chromosome heterozygosity. Meiotic chromosome chains formed by up to six elements were found in 85% of analysed individuals, causing intraspecific chromosome variation in three species. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that the 18S rDNA distribution pattern differed in Gint species, including at the intrapopulation level, but the chromosomal localization of (TTAGG)n motif was stable across species. Conspicuous interspecific differences in chromosome counts broadly corresponded with genetic divergence among Gint species. Our findings indicate that Gint karyotypes have undergone dynamic reorganization through independent fusions, fissions and reciprocal translocations. Owing to present chromosomal polymorphism, such structural changes shaping the genome architecture appear to be still ongoing in the populations of some Gint species.
Polysubstance Use in Adults With Opioid Use Disorder Receiving Buprenorphine Maintenance
Authors: Elarabi Hesham Farouk , Radwan Doaa Nader , Adem Abdu , Marsden John , Lee Amanda J. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction
Studying polysubstance use is a public health recommendation. In the United Arab Emirates, more than 80% of adults with opioid use disorder (OUD) use 2 or more nonopioid substances. This secondary analysis contrasts the characteristics of polysubstance users (OUD + ≥1 nonopioid) with OUD, explores the correlates and predictors of nonfatal overdose, and examines the impact of polysubstance use on OUD treatment outcomes using buprenorphine (BUP).

Methods
This analysis uses data from a 16-week outpatient randomized controlled trial of 141 adults with OUD allocated to BUP + incentivized adherence and abstinence monitoring (n = 70) and BUP in usual care (control, n = 71). Outcomes were nonfatal overdose events over the preceding 12 months, positive drug screens, and treatment retention. Participant characteristics were contrasted, and bivariate statistical tests were conducted for simple associations followed by logistic regression.

Results
Polysubstance use was reported by 117 participants (82.9%), the majority of whom used pregabalin 72.1% (n = 75). Compared with OUD, polysubstance users observed higher arrests (median, 1.0 [interquartile range, 0.0–3.0] vs 0.5 [interquartile range, 0.0–2.0]; P = 0.04]) and nonfatal overdose events (n = 33 [31.8%] vs 2 [10.8%], P = 0.003). Carisoprodol and injecting drug use independently predicted nonfatal overdose (adjusted odds ratio, 4.519 [95% confidence interval, 1.81–11.22] and 2.74 [95% confidence interval, 1.15–6.51], respectively). No significant difference was observed in opioid use and retention in treatment outcomes between groups.

Conclusion
Carisoprodol and injecting drug use increase the likelihood of nonfatal overdose in adults with OUD. Polysubstance use does not impact response to BUP treatment compared with OUD.
Relationship Between Sacroiliac Joint–related Pain and Spinopelvic Mobility
Authors: Tonosu Juichi , Oka Hiroyuki , Watanabe Kenichi , Abe Hiroaki , Higashikawa Akiro , Kawai Takuya , Yamada Koji , Nakarai Hiroyuki , Tanaka Sakae , Matsudaira Ko 
Published: July 2022

Study Design.
A case-control study.

Objective.
To evaluate the relationship between sacroiliac joint–related pain (SIJ-RP) and spinopelvic mobility.

Summary of Background Data.
No specific radiological findings are available for the diagnosis of SIJ-RP. A previous study reported that a higher pelvic incidence and sacral slope (SS) values were significantly associated with sacroiliac joint pain. The concept of spinopelvic mobility, which is evaluated by the differences between SS in the standing and sitting positions, has been the focus of hip and spine surgeries in recent years.

Materials and Methods.
The SIJ-RP group comprised patients diagnosed with SIJ-RP based on physical findings and their response to analgesic injections. No other lumbar or hip joint diseases were observed. The non–SIJ-RP group comprised patients with lower back pain for reasons other than SIJ-RP. Radiographs of the lateral view of the pelvis in the standing and sitting positions were evaluated for all patients. We compared and analyzed the backgrounds, SS in the two positions, and difference in SS between the two positions in both groups.

Results.
In total, 245 patients were included in the study, with 49 and 196 patients in the SIJ-RP and non–SIJ-RP groups, respectively. More female patients experienced SIJ-RP than male patients (P=0.0361). There were significant differences between the groups for SS in standing (P=0.0076), sitting (P=0.0005), and those with a difference between sitting and standing of <5° (P=0.0278) in the univariate analyses. Logistic regression analyses, after adjustment for age and sex, revealed significant differences between the groups with an SS difference <5° (P=0.0088; 95% confidence interval, 1.280–5.519), with an odds ratio of 2.7.

Conclusion.
On evaluating spinopelvic mobility, we found that SIJ-RP was related to hypomobility of the sacrum, which could indicate the hypermobility of the sacroiliac joint.
Cost-utility Analysis of Neoadjuvant Teriparatide Therapy in Osteopenic Patients Undergoing Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery
Authors: Raad Micheal , Ortiz-Babilonia Carlos , Hassanzadeh Hamid , Puvanesarajah Varun , Kebaish Khaled , Jain Amit 
Published: July 2022

Study Design.
A cost-utility analysis study.

Objective.
This study aims to evaluate the cost-utility of neoadjuvant teriparatide therapy in osteopenic patients undergoing adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery.

Summary of Background Data.
There is increasing evidence supporting preoperative use of anabolic agents such as teriparatide for preoperative optimization of ASD patients with poor bone density. However, such treatments are associated with added costs. To our knowledge, the cost-utility of teriparatide in osteopenic patients undergoing ASD surgery has not been established.

Materials and Methods.
A decision-analysis model was developed for a hypothetical 68-year-old female patient with osteopenia (T score <−1.0) undergoing a T11 to pelvis instrumented spinal fusion for ASD. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to create estimates for event probabilities, costs, and quality adjusted life years at each node. Key model assumptions were that administration of a 4-month preoperative teriparatide course reduced 2-year postoperative reoperation rates [for pseudarthrosis from 5% to 2.5% and for proximal junctional failure (PJF) from 15% to 5%]. Monte Carlo simulations were used to calculate the mean incremental cost utility ratio and incremental net monetary benefits. One-way sensitivity analysis was used to estimate the contribution of individual parameters to uncertainty in the model.

Results.
Teriparatide was the favored strategy in 82% of the iterations. The mean incremental cost utility ratio for the teriparatide strategy was negative (higher net benefit, lower net cost), and lower than the willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000 per quality adjusted life year. Teriparatide use was associated with a mean incremental net monetary benefit of $3,948. One-way sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the factors with the greatest impact on the model were the incidence of PJF in the no teriparatide group, the duration and monthly cost of treatment, and the cost of reoperation due to PJF.

Conclusions.
Neoadjuvant teriparatide is a cost-effective strategy to reduce postoperative complications in patients with osteopenia undergoing ASD surgery.
Onboarding in Health Care—Content Validity and Reliability of the Danish Onboarding Questionnaire (DOQ-34)
Authors: Muff Bech Line , Poetzsch Simone , Andersen Kamilla , Nørgaard Birgitte 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
During recent years, health care organizations have paid increasing attention to onboarding because of recruitment challenges. Organizational initiatives are frequently monitored and evaluated using questionnaire data, and to produce high-quality data, reliable instruments are paramount. We aimed to investigate the content validity and reliability of the Danish Onboarding Questionnaire, including cognitive interviewing and test–retest analyses.

Method:
We investigated content validity, including face validity and the content validity index, and reliability for the percentage of agreement. To analyze the cognitive interview data, thematic analysis was applied, followed by the question-and-answer model to categorize the problems revealed. To test reliability, the percentage of agreement was calculated with an accepted deviation of 1 on test–retest data.

Results:
Regarding the mental processes, multiple items were identified to be challenged regarding comprehension (clarification of concepts and understanding), judgment (ambiguity and relevance), and response (anonymity and personal information). The mental process retrieval was not represented. The subscale content validity index/Ave was found to be 0.935, representing a “good” level of content validity. With an accepted deviation of 1, the mean agreement was 97.7%.

Discussion:
Questionnaire items causing uncertainties or challenges are potential sources of deteriorated content validity and should be revised. We suggest that the Danish Onboarding Questionnaire-34 undergo an item reduction, which might increase its validity and reliability.
Necrotizing Infundibular Crystalline Folliculitis—A Case Report of a Rare Entity and Review of the Literature
Authors: Wiedemeyer Katharina , Brenn Thomas , Naert Karen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
Necrotizing infundibular crystalline folliculitis (NICF) is a rare distinct entity that was introduced in 1999. It typically presents with numerous eruptive waxy papules on the forehead and/or the upper back in adults in their fifth to seventh decade of life. The pathogenesis is unknown to date, but yeast and bacterial infection of the follicular ostia seems to contribute to the development. More recently, NICF has occasionally been observed as a side effect of targeted antitumoral therapy. Histopathologically, NICF is characterized by dilated follicular ostia filled with pale filamentous and birefringent material enclosed by parakeratotic columns of the epidermis and accompanied by a mild superficial inflammatory infiltrate of the dermis. This case report is about a 58-year-old male patient presenting with multiple eruptive keratotic papules on his forehead. Histopathology revealed all classic features of NICF. The case represents a classic example of NICF and is compared with previously published cases that are comprehensively summarized in this article.
Autism Spectrum Disorder, Extremism, and the Role of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatric Clinicians
Authors: Soares Neelkamal , Allely Clare S. , Straub Frank , Penner Melanie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
Extremism is a global phenomenon, with an increasing domestic and international presence. Extremists recruit persons to their causes through online forums that spread hate-filled narratives and promote violence. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder may be vulnerable to recruitment through these online forums, and clinicians who work with autistic adolescents, young adults, and their families should familiarize themselves with the risk and identify strategies based on a multidisciplinary approach in the early identification, holistic prevention, and care-based intervention strategies of at-risk adolescents. This special article, representing an international collaboration between developmental-behavioral pediatrics, law enforcement, and psychology, hopes to shed light on the issue for clinicians.