bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking 2D against 3D FDTD codes for the assessment of the measurement performance of a low field side plasma position reflectometer applicable to IDTT
Authors: da Silva F. , Ricardo E. , Ferreira J. , Santos J. , Heuraux S. , Silva A. , Ribeiro T. , De Masi G. , Tudisco O. , Cavazzana R. , D’Arcangelo O. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
O-mode reflectometry, a technique to diagnose fusion plasmas, is foreseen as a source of real-time (RT) plasma position and shape measurements for control purposes in the coming generation of machines such as DEMO. It is, thus, of paramount importance to predict the behavior and capabilities of these new reflectometry systems using synthetic diagnostics. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) time-dependent codes allow for a comprehensive description of reflectometry but are computationally demanding, especially when it comes to three-dimensional (3D) simulations, which requires access to High Performance Computing (HPC) facilities, making the use of two-dimensional (2D) codes much more common. It is important to understand the compromises made when using a 2D model in order to decide if it is applicable or if a 3D approach is required. This work attempts to answer this question by comparing simulations of a potential plasma position reflectometer (PPR) at the Low Field-Side (LFS) on the Italian Divertor Tokamak Test facility (IDTT) carried out using two full-wave FDTD codes, REFMULF (2D) and REFMUL3 (3D). In particular, the simulations consider one of IDTT’s foreseen plasma scenarios, namely, a Single Null (SN) configuration, at the Start Of Flat-top (SOF) of the plasma current.
A poloidal high-k scattering system for NSTX-U
Authors: Domier C.W. , Dannenberg J. , Zhu Y. , Liu X. , Sirigiri J.R. , Ren Y. , Stratton B. , Luhmann N.C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A previous 5-channel tangential high-k scattering system is being replaced by an 8-channel, poloidal high-k scattering system on the National Spherical Torus eXperiment Upgrade (NSTX-U) device located in Princeton, NJ, USA. The 693 GHz poloidal scattering system replaces a 280 GHz tangential scattering system to study high-k electron density fluctuations on NSTX-U, thereby considerably enhancing planned turbulence physics studies by providing a measurement of the k

θ
-spectrum of both electron temperature gradient (ETG) and ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes. Two approaches to generating the 693 GHz probe beam are under development: an optically-pumped far-infrared (FIR) laser that generates ∼50 mW, and a compact gyrotron that can potentially generate in excess of 5 W. Large aperture optics collect radiation scattered from density fluctuations in the plasma core at 8 simultaneous scattering angles ranging from 2 to 15° corresponding to poloidal wavenumbers that extend to >40 cm−1. Steerable launch optics coupled with receiver optics mounted on a 5-axis receiver carriage allow the scattering volume to be placed radially from r/a = 0.3 out to the pedestal region (r/a ∼ 0.99) and translated horizontally as needed to satisfy wavenumber matching.
Design of a 9-bit column-parallel ADC in the MAPS for real-time beam monitoring
Authors: Cao B. , Wang Y. , Wen Y. , Tian Y. , Liao J. , Lu W. , Wang H. , Yang H. , Li X. , Niu X. , Zhou W. , Zhao C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper describes a 2 Msps 9-bit column-parallel ADC for monolithic active pixel sensor. It is designed in fully differential cyclic architecture and takes eight clock cycles to perform a 9-bit conversion. This ADC is fabricated in a 130 nm CMOS process. Each ADC covers a small area of 100 µm × 300 µm and consumes ∼5 mW. The measurement results show that this ADC has a signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) of 46.8 dB. The DNL (Differential Nonlinearity) and (Integral Nonlinearity) INL are 0.168 LSB and 0.112 LSB, respectively. The effective number of bits (ENOB) is 7.48 bits.
TCAD simulations of non-irradiated and irradiated low-gain avalanche diodes and comparison with measurements
Authors: Croci T. , Morozzi A. , Moscatelli F. , Sola V. , Borghi G. , Paternoster G. , Centis Vignali M. , Asenov P. , Passeri D. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this work, the results of Technology-CAD (TCAD) device-level simulations of non-irradiated and irradiated Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) detectors and their validation against experimental data will be presented. Thanks to the intrinsic multiplication of the charge within these silicon sensors, it is possible to improve the signal to noise ratio thus limiting its drastic reduction with fluence, as it happens instead for standard silicon detectors. Therefore, special attention has been devoted to the choice of the avalanche model, which allows the simulation findings to better fit with experimental data. Moreover, a radiation damage model (called “New University of Perugia TCAD model”) has been fully implemented within the simulation environment, to have a predictive insight into the electrical behavior and the charge collection properties of the LGAD detectors, up to the highest particle fluences expected in the future High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments. This numerical model allows to consider the comprehensive bulk and surface damage effects induced by radiation on silicon sensors. By coupling the “New University of Perugia TCAD model” with an analytical model that describes the mechanism of acceptor removal in the multiplication layer, it has been possible to reproduce experimental data with high accuracy, demonstrating the reliability of the simulation framework.
3D cosmic-ray muon tomography using portable muography detector
Authors: Chaiwongkhot K. , Kin T. , Nagata Y. , Komori T. , Okamoto N. , Basiri H. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A feasibility demonstration of three-dimensional (3D) muon
tomography was performed for infrastructure equivalent targets using
the proposed portable muography detector. For the target, we used
two sets of lead blocks placed at different heights. The detector
consists of two muon position-sensitive detectors, made of plastic
scintillating fibers (PSFs) and multi-pixel photon counters (MPPCs)
with an angular resolution of 8 msr. In this work, the maximum
likelihood-expectation maximization (ML-EM) method was used for the
3D imaging reconstruction of the muography. For both simulation and
experiment, the reconstructed positions of the blocks produce
consistent results with prior knowledge of the blocks'
arrangement. This result demonstrates the potential of the 3D
tomographic imaging of infrastructure by using seven detection
positions for portable muography detectors to image infrastructure
scale targets.
Assessment of radiative heating errors in Tropical Atmosphere Ocean array marine air temperature measurements
Authors: De Rovere Francesco , Zanchettin Davide , McPhaden Michael J , Rubino Angelo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We assess the radiative heating error affecting marine air temperature (MAT) measurements in the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean array. The error in historical observations is found to be ubiquitous across the array, spatially variable and approximately stationary in time. The error induces spurious warming during daytime hours, but does not affect night-time temperatures. The range encompassing the real, unknown daily- and monthly-mean values is determined using daytime and night-time mean temperatures as upper and lower limits. The uncertainty in MAT is less than or equal to 0.5 °C and 0.2 °C for 95% of daily and monthly estimates, respectively. Uncertainties impact surface turbulent heat flux estimates, with potentially significant influences on the quantification of coupled ocean-atmosphere processes.
Quantum walk on a comb with infinite teeth
Authors: David François , Jonsson Thordur 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study continuous time quantum walk on a comb with infinite teeth and show that the return probability to the starting point decays with time t as t
−1. We analyse the diffusion along the spine and into the teeth and show that the walk can escape into the teeth with a finite probability and goes to infinity along the spine with a finite probability. The walk along the spine and into the teeth behaves qualitatively as a quantum walk on a line. This behaviour is quite different from that of classical random walk on the comb.
Double scaling limit for the O(N)3-invariant tensor model
Authors: Bonzom V , Nador V , Tanasa A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study the double scaling limit of the O(N)3-invariant tensor model, initially introduced in Carrozza and Tanasa (2016 Lett. Math. Phys.
106 1531). This model has an interacting part containing two types of quartic invariants, the tetrahedric and the pillow one. For the two-point function, we rewrite the sum over Feynman graphs at each order in the 1/N expansion as a finite sum, where the summand is a function of the generating series of melons and chains (a.k.a. ladders). The graphs which are the most singular in the continuum limit are characterized at each order in the 1/N expansion. This leads to a double scaling limit which picks up contributions from all orders in the 1/N expansion. In contrast with matrix models, but similarly to previous double scaling limits in tensor models, this double scaling limit is summable. The tools used in order to prove our results are combinatorial, namely a thorough diagrammatic analysis of the Feynman graphs, as well as an analytic analysis of the singularities of the relevant generating series.
Hydrodynamics of quantum entropies in Ising chains with linear dissipation
Authors: Alba Vincenzo , Carollo Federico 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study the dynamics of quantum information and of quantum correlations after a quantum quench, in transverse field Ising chains subject to generic linear dissipation. As we show, in the hydrodynamic limit of long times, large system sizes, and weak dissipation, entropy-related quantities—such as the von Neumann entropy, the Rényi entropies, and the associated mutual information—admit a simple description within the so-called quasiparticle picture. Specifically, we analytically derive a hydrodynamic formula, recently conjectured for generic noninteracting systems, which allows us to demonstrate a universal feature of the dynamics of correlations in such dissipative noninteracting system. For any possible dissipation, the mutual information grows up to a time scale that is proportional to the inverse dissipation rate, and then decreases, always vanishing in the long time limit. In passing, we provide analytic formulas describing the time-dependence of arbitrary functions of the fermionic covariance matrix, in the hydrodynamic limit.
Maxwell–Lorentz without self-interactions: conservation of energy and momentum
Authors: Gratus Jonathan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Since a classical charged point particle radiates energy and momentum it is argued that there must be a radiation reaction force. Here we present an action for the Maxwell–Lorentz without self-interactions model, where each particle only responds to the fields of the other charged particles. The corresponding stress–energy tensor automatically conserves energy and momentum in Minkowski and other appropriate spacetimes. Hence there is no need for any radiation reaction.
Occurrence of microplastics in the sediments of Baseco Port area at Manila Bay, Philippines
Authors: Castro L J A , Monsada A M , Cruz K D 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Microplastic in marine sediments is nowadays considered an environmental pollutant. Seaports are particularly susceptible to microplastic pollution through series of human activities occurring in these areas. In the Philippines, research on microplastics is still limited and there is still no study determining the occurrence of microplastics in the harbour of Manila Bay, Philippines. Hence, this work conducted a preliminary investigation of microplastics in the sediments of Baseco Port area, Manila Bay. Nine stations within the study region were sampled. The types of microplastics found are fragments, foam, fiber, film, pellet, and filament with an average size measurement of 1.6±1.4 mm. Results from this study suggest that anthropogenic impacts are most likely the dominant sources of accumulation and distribution of microplastics in the sediments of Baseco port. This study provides preliminary assessment of microplastics contamination in the area that may serve as important reference for further studies.
Influence of annealing on the functional properties of the NiTi alloy produced by wire arc additive manufacturing
Authors: Resnina N , Palani I A , Belyaev S , Bikbaev R , Singh Shalini , Mani Prabu S S , Jayachandran S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The influence of the annealing temperature on the recoverable strain variation on cooling and heating under a stress of 200 MPa was studied in the NiTi samples produced by wire arc additive manufacturing. The samples including the Ni-rich NiTi layer in the working length were annealed for 10 hours at various temperature from 450 to 600 °C. It is shown that an increase in annealing temperature leads to non-monontonic variation in the recoverable strain. This is caused by an increase in annealing temperature from 450 to 550 °C increases the volume fraction of Ni4Ti3 precipitates. As a result, the volume fraction of the NiTi phase undergoing the martensitic transformation and recoverable strain decrease. An increase in annealing temperature from 550 to 600 °C leads to a dissolving the Ni4Ti3 precipitates and formation of the Ni3Ti2 precipitates that increases the volume fraction of the NiTi phase and the recoverable strain.
Ab initio study of the phase stability of modulated structures in Co-doped Ni-Mn-In (Sn) Heusler alloys
Authors: Erager K R , Sokolovskiy V V , Buchelnikov V D 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Using ab initio calculations, the phase stability of modulated and tetragonal martensitic structures in Ni43.75Co6.25Mn43.75(In, Sn)6.25 Heusler alloys with different magnetic order is investigated. The stability against the segregation is considered by a method for generating all possible decay reactions assuming the calculated ground state energies of each composition. It is shown that the highest probable stability under equilibrium conditions is demonstrated by alloys with tetragonal martensitic structure in accordance with reactions: Ni35Co5Mn35In5 → 25Mn + 35Ni + 5Mn2InCo and Ni35Co5Mn35Sn5 → 5CoSn + 35Mn + 35Ni.
Design of thermoformable three dimensional-printed PLA cast for fractured wrist
Authors: Sorimpuk N P , Choong W H , Chua B L 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Patient specific plastic cast for broken limbs has been developed recently in pharmaceutical field through three-dimensional (3D) printing method. However, the production of a 3D printed cast through normal 3D printing method is time consuming compared to conventional plaster casting. In this study, a design of ventilated structured thermoformable 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) cast was produced as an alternative for the 3D printed cast production method. This design was initially printed in a flat shape and then transformed into a cast which can be fitted to the user’s arm by using heat and external force. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method was used to assess the mechanical properties of the proposed cast. In this analysis, thethermoformable design was exerted with a distributed force of 400 N, which is larger than the loading conditions encountered by human in their daily life. The mechanical properties of the thermoformable PLA cast such as local displacement under a specific load, maximum load, and stress were evaluated. Results were compared with the mechanical properties of Plaster of Paris cast. The results obtained from the FEA indicates that at the same layer thickness, the thermoformable 3D-printed PLA cast is stronger than the Plaster of Paris cast.
Plastic straining and concomitant microstructure recrystallization of Ni-Cu alloy in the undercooled condition
Authors: An H , Siambun N J , Chua B L , Gan M J H 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Microstructure and microtexture of rapidly solidified undercooled Ni-Cu alloys were investigated. The characteristic undercooling of Ni80Cu20 alloy was determined as 45K, 90K and 160K. Dendrite deformation due to rapid solidification led to strong deformation microtexture. Due to recrystallization upon annealing after recalescence, many subgrains were formed in the microstructure. Further, annealing the quenched alloy at 900°, new microtextures and subgrains were formed, which was due to recrystallization and dislocation network rearrangement. The results of comparative experiment proved the recrystallization mechanism of the microstructure refinement in the non-equilibrium solidification structure of the undercooled binary alloy
Fabrication and preliminary assessment of aramid reinforced polymer composite material
Authors: Siti N H M , Choong W H 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A knowledge of the material constituents and fabrication process is generally required for easing the composite material properties study and characterization. This paper presents the methodology of aramid reinforced polymer composite material preliminary assessment and fabrication. The demonstration is carried out through the development of mechanical properties characterization specimen. The composite material specimen is fabricated by utilizing the open mould with hand lay-up method, where three types of laminates include of unidirectional, orthotropic, quasi-isotropic cross plies are demonstrated. A template is applied for preparing specific fibre orientation 45°angle. Plies are lay accordingly with guided by a square guide for minimizing the off-orientation angle defect. Preliminary assessment is included of verification of unidirectional aramid fabric quality, cured specimen physical defect, internal defect through micrography analysis and material volume fraction prediction. Average specimen fibre volume fraction of 0.64 is predicted by determined the fibre filament geometry detail through micrography analysis. There are several fabrication defects had been identified. The defect identification findings shall be referred for further improvement of material preparation and fabrication method.
Fracture energy for orthogonal cutting in unidirectional CFRP at different cutting directions
Authors: Amir A N , Ghazali H , Wang H , Ye L , Fadi N A , Ali W F F W , Yusoff R 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A unidirectional carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminate is a composite material made up of strong parallel carbon fibres incorporated in a polymer matrix such as epoxy to provide high stiffness and strength in the fibre direction of the laminate. Unfortunately, the interlaminar or intralaminar plane of this material has a low resistance to damages as the fracture toughness of a unidirectional CFRP laminate is related to the energy dissipation during the orthogonal cutting. The aim of this study is on cutting a unidirectional CFRP along the longitudinal or transverse directions, characterizing orthogonal cutting forces and the related fracture energy. Orthogonal cutting is performed using braised carbide tools for a range of cutting depth of 10-100 ³m with a rake angle of 30° to quantify the cutting forces and to observe the fracture mechanisms. The fibre orientations have a significant impact on surface bouncing-back. For some fibre orientations, the energy balance model is applicable, deducting the reasonable value of fracture toughness due to high normal force (F
t). Fibre subsurface damage and cutting forces during cutting are found to be strongly influenced by the cutting depth. The input energy of cutting is released in form of new surface energy, fibre breakage, high bending energy, and chip fracture energy.
Investigation of specific energy absorption of natural fiber honeycomb sandwich structure composite as building construction material application
Authors: Al-Azad Nahiyan , Mohd. Kamal Mohd Shah 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The usage of incorporating natural fibre in composite material has seen some potential to be used as a future building construction material due to its recyclability, lightweight and high-reliability feature. However, the issue of implementing natural fibre as building construction material in composites material concerns the structural integrity of the material. As the characteristics of the natural fibre honeycomb composite have been discovered more in terms of properties which ranges from its physical and chemical structural composition to the quasi-static impact collapse of the material, the absorption energy of the material in different cell geometry is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study involves the testing of the natural fibre honeycomb (NFH) composite made from cement fibre (face sheet) and corn starch (core) with regards to its crushing behaviour when subjected to flatwise compression load according to ASTM D-3410 standard to analyse the performance of energy absorption of NFH composite with different thicknesses of the hexagonal core and cell wall thickness to determine the Specific Energy Absorption of the material. The result obtained shows that the increasing thicknesses of the core and cell wall improves the ability of the composite to absorb more energy and the specific energy absorption is higher when both factors are increased.
Simulation of solar PV surface temperature with dimpled fin cooling
Authors: Ibrahim M F , Misaran M S , Amaludin N A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A significant number of cooling technologies have been developed to maintain the PV module temperature within subscribed limits. This paper represents the simulation study of active cooling forced air convection with fins attached to the back of the solar panel using CFD SimScale software. It has been first carefully validated against experimental and numerical results available in the literature. The number of fins and the shape of perforated and dimpled in each fin were varied to compare cooling performance. Three types of fins were adapted into this simulation: traditional fins, circular, and triangle perforated/dimpled fins. The effect of solar irradiation and velocity inlet was also reviewed by applying the nominal operating condition from the experimental works. Results indicated that fin channels are a very effective cooling technique, which significantly reduces the average temperature of the PV cell, especially when increasing the number of fins from 20 to 26 fins. Also, the results show that the dimpled triangle fin had the highest average temperature drop with a percentage difference of 6% compared with the solar panel cooling with traditional fins.