bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-term effects of two types of goggles on intraocular pressure and anterior eye segment biometrics
Authors: Zhang Xu , Wang Huixian , Nie Yuan , Li Wenjing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate and compare the changes in intraocular pressure and anterior eye segment biometrics during and after wearing two types of commonly used swimming goggles.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, a total of 40 healthy adults aged between 18 and 60 years old were selected to wear two kinds of common swimming goggles (ocular socket and orbital goggles). Intraocular pressure and anterior segment biometry were evaluated before wearing, at 2 and 5 min of wearing, and at 5 min after removing the goggles. Intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal front keratometry values (K1, K2, Km), central corneal thickness (CCT), central anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), and anterior chamber angle (ACA) were measured.ResultsThe IOP at 2 min (21.0 ± 2.2 mmHg) and 5 min (21.2 ± 2.3 mmHg) was significantly higher than before wearing goggles (17.7 ± 2.1 mmHg). The IOP after the goggles were removed and at 5 min after the goggles were removed was 18.4 ± 2.3 mmHg and 17.7 ± 2.1 mmHg, respectively. ACV, ACD, and ACA values all decreased while the googles were worn. After the goggles were removed, these changes gradually returned to baseline values, with no significant difference in the values before and after.ConclusionThis study proves that wearing orbital goggles can lead to an acute increase in IOP and a slight decrease in ACV, ACD, and ACA. However, once the goggles are removed, these indicators return to baseline levels, showing that wearing orbital goggles has no significant lasting effect on IOP and anterior segment parameters.
Epidemiology, clinical characteristics and risk factors of COVID-19 among children in Saudi Arabia: a multicenter chart review study
Authors: AlGhamdi Ahmad , Al Talhi Yousef , Al Najjar Abeer , Sobhi Ahmed , Al Juaid Alaa , Ibrahim Amany , Alshengeti Amer , Al-Hebshi Abdulqader , Farahat Fayssal , Al Qurainees Ghaya , Al Saif Manal , Hamdan Naif , Al Jehani Sameera , Al Mansouri Walaa , AlDabbagh Mona 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected over 100 million cases worldwide. Children accounted for 1–5% of all cases with less reported symptoms and better prognosis compared to adults. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics and outcomes of pediatric COVID-19 cases in Saudi Arabia in addition to identifying risk factors associated with disease severity.

Methods
This was a multicenter, cross-sectional retrospective study that included confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection among pediatric patients (< 14 years) from the time of initial identification in March 2020 to the end of July 2020 in 6 centers across the country. Patients were classified based on clinical severity. Study outcomes included time to recovery, need for invasive ventilation, and mortality. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore factors associated with increased disease severity.

Results
The study enrolled 567 children with (51.5%) were males, and (44.6%) aged from 6 to 14 years old. Asymptomatic patients accounted for 38.98% of the cases: while 319 patients (56%) had mild disease, and 27 patients (4.76%) had moderate-to-severe disease. Only 10 patients (1.76%) required Pediatric Intensive Care Unit admission. The calculated case-fatality was 0.7%. After performing multivariate regression analysis, chronic lung conditions [adjusted OR = 12.73, 95% CI (2.05–79.12)] and decreased red blood cells (RBCs) count [adjusted OR = 2.43, 95% CI (1.09–5.41] were found to be significant predictors for moderate-to-severe disease (p = 0.006 and 0.030, respectively).

Conclusion
Most COVID-19 cases in the current study had a benign course of illness and carried an excellent prognosis. Children with chronic lung conditions or low RBCs count are at higher risk to develop moderate-to-severe COVID-19 disease.
Preparing newborn screening for the future: a collaborative stakeholder engagement exploring challenges and opportunities to modernizing the newborn screening system
Authors: Andrews Sara M. , Porter Katherine Ackerman , Bailey Donald B. , Peay Holly L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background and objectives
Projections that 60 transformative cell and gene therapies could be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) within 10 years underscore an urgent need to modernize the newborn screening (NBS) system. This study convened expert stakeholders to assess challenges to the NBS system and propose solutions for its modernization.

Methods
NBS stakeholders (researchers, clinicians, state NBS leaders, advocates, industry professionals, and current/former advisory committee members) participated in one of five mixed-stakeholder panel discussions. Prior to panels, participants completed a survey in which they reviewed and ranked NBS challenges generated from relevant literature. During panels, participants deliberated on challenges and explored potential solutions. Pre-panel survey data were analyzed descriptively. Data from panel discussions were analyzed using a rapid qualitative analysis.

Results
Median scores of the ranked challenges (1 = most important) reveal the top three most important barriers to address: critical missing data for NBS decision-making (Median = 2), burden on state NBS laboratories (Median = 3), and the amount of time required for state-level implementation of screening for new conditions (Median = 4). Panel discussions were rooted in recurring themes: the infant’s well-being should be the focal point; the transformative therapy pipeline, although undeniably positive for individuals with rare diseases, is a threat to NBS capacity; decisions about modernizing NBS should be evidence-based; additional financial support is required but not sufficient for modernization; and modernization will require participation of multiple NBS stakeholders. This final overarching theme is reported in depth, including expertise, coordination, and collaboration challenges facing NBS and novel approaches to oversight, partnership, and coordination that were suggested by participants.

Conclusions
This study engaged representatives from multiple stakeholder groups to generate potential solutions to challenges facing NBS in the United States. These solutions provide a rich starting point for policy makers and other stakeholders who desire to maximize the impact of new transformative therapies for babies, families, and society.
Solitary juvenile xanthogranuloma of temporal bone: a case report
Authors: Wang Shu-ni , Lu Ji 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a kind of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis, usually with skin lesions as the main manifestation. It rarely occurs in other tissues or organs and even more rarely is it found in the skull. Here, we report a case of xanthogranuloma derived from the temporal bone that was not present in any other parts of the body.

Case presentation
A 15-year-old boy had an unaccountable right migraine for 7 months. A mass with tenderness was located behind his right ear. The mass gradually increased in size, and his headache continued. Eventually, he came to our hospital for treatment. A computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a cystic solid mass in the right temporo-occipital region with skull destruction. The clinical diagnosis was haemangiopericytoma and skull-derived tumour. Haematological and biochemical results were as follows: alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 7 U/L; aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 12 U/L; basophil percentage (BASO%) 1.2%; normal coagulation. The patient was successfully treated with total surgical resection of the tumour. Postoperative histopathology examination showed xanthogranuloma, and his prognosis after surgery was good.

Conclusions
Because JXG rarely occurs in the skull and lacks typical imaging findings, an accurate diagnosis is difficult. The diagnosis of this disease mainly depends on pathological examination and immunohistochemistry. If feasible, many intracranial lesions can be cured through complete resection.
Anaphylactic shock following minor abdominal trauma as the initial presentation of Echinococcus cyst: a case report
Authors: Hanalioglu Damla , Terzi Kivanc , Ozkan Sati , Sivri Mesut , Kurt Funda , Misirlioglu Emine Dibek 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Anaphylaxis is a potentially life-threatening condition caused by a variety of triggers. However, anaphylaxis following an abdominal trauma is an exceptionally rare condition and could be the first and only sign of hepatic hydatid cyst, especially when no obvious etiology is present. Here, we present such a rare case and discuss relevant diagnostic and management strategy in light of the literature.

Case report
This case report refers to a 17 year-old previously healthy girl admitted in our pediatric emergency department (ED) for syncope after a minor blunt abdominal trauma. She was hypotensive on admission and shortly after she developed urticaria and angioedema. She was diagnosed with anaphylaxis and treated immediately. Possible etiologies including drug or food ingestion, insect bite, and previous allergy/anaphylaxis history were excluded. After stabilization abdominal imaging was performed, which revealed a ruptured large hepatic hydatid cyst in the vicinity of biliary tree. Albendazole treatment was started and surgical resection was performed after clinical stabilization, which confirmed the cyst rupture into the biliary ducts. Patient recovered without complications after surgery and was discharged uneventfully.

Conclusion
This case report highlights that hydatid cyst rupture should be included in the differential diagnosis of anaphylaxis without obvious etiology, particularly in regions where hydatid disease is endemic. Ruptured hydatid cyst leading to anaphylaxis requires timely diagnosis, management and emergent intervention.
Development of mental health first aid guidelines for problem drinking: a Delphi expert consensus study in Argentina and Chile
Authors: Agrest Martín , Tapia-Muñoz Thamara , Encina Esteban , Wright Judith , Ardila-Gómez Sara , Alvarado Rubén , Leiderman Eduardo A. , Reavley Nicola 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAmong all psychoactive substances, alcohol consumption presents the most significant public health problem and is a leading risk factor for overall disease burden in Latin America. However, most people who meet criteria for a substance use disorder do not receive treatment in primary or secondary care sources. Community members can play a role in helping people to seek help as they are likely to encounter people experiencing problem drinking and recognize the signs. However, many do not have adequate mental health first aid knowledge or skills to provide help. We aimed to culturally adapt the existing English-language mental health first aid guidelines for helping someone with problem drinking for Argentina and Chile.MethodsThe Delphi consensus method was used to determine the importance of helping actions translated from the English-language guidelines and to add new actions suggested by expert panellists. The importance of each statement was rated by two expert panels. Panel one included people with lived experience (either their own or as a support person, n = 23) recruited in Argentina and panel two included health professionals (n = 31) recruited in Argentina and Chile.ResultsOverall, 165 helping actions were endorsed by panellists across two consecutive survey rounds. Endorsed items included 132 of the 182 items translated into Spanish from the English-language guidelines and 33 of the 61 new items generated from panellists’ comments in the first survey round.ConclusionsWhile there were some similarities in recommended helping actions between English-speaking countries, and Argentina and Chile, key differences were seen in attitudes to low-risk drinking. While there was a relatively high level of agreement between health professionals and people with lived experience, some divergence of opinion was seen, particularly in the area of commitment to recovery as a condition for help. Future research should explore the implementation of the guidelines.
Antipsychotic prescribing patterns in Australia: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Pai Nagesh , Acar Mustafa , Juneja Prabhjot , Kouhkamari Mahsa Hosseini , Siva Sinthuja , Mullan Judy 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
To examine real-world patterns of antipsychotic use in patients with schizophrenia Australia.

Methods
This retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using the Australian Commonwealth Department of Human Services Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) 10% sample data. Included data were for patients aged 16-years or older who initiated treatment for the first time with a PBS-reimbursed antipsychotic medication for schizophrenia between July 2013 and September 2017. Patterns of treatment usage were summarised descriptively. Differences in prescribing patterns by age and prescribing year were reported. Treatment persistence was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods, with differences explored using log-rank tests. Values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results
6,740 patients, representing 8,249 non-unique patients, received prescriptions for antipsychotic medications. Patients were aged 16 years to over 85 years (54.5% were < 55 years) and two-thirds of patients were male (61%). The majority of treatment episodes (62%, n = 5,139/8,249) were prescribed an atypical oral antipsychotic. Typical long-acting antipsychotic therapies (LATs) were prescribed 19% of the treatment episodes (n = 1,608/8,249. There was a small increase in prescribing of atypical LAT and typical LAT and a small decrease in atypical oral and clozapine prescribing over the study period. Treatment persistence was greatest in patients treated with clozapine, than in those treated with atypical LATs.

Conclusions
While the majority of patients receive atypical antipsychotic medications, one in five continue to use older typical LAT therapies. Patient age and time on therapy may be associated with choice of therapy. Persistence to atypical LAT therapy is better than for other treatment modalities in this real-world cohort.
Psychometric qualities of the HLS-EU-Q16 instrument for parental health literacy in Swedish multicultural settings
Authors: Mekhail Kirsi Tiitinen , Burström Bo , Marttila Anneli , Wångdahl Josefin , Lindberg Lene 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Health literacy (HL) is important for individuals in terms of knowledge and competence to make decisions about healthcare, health promotion and disease prevention. Migrants generally demonstrate lower HL levels compared to the majority populations. HL interventions among migrants are rarely studied. Thus, there is a need to find useful HL measurements for multicultural settings. The importance of understanding parents’ HL is related to their key role in providing and promoting the health of their children. This study aimed to add knowledge about the psychometric properties of the HLS-EU-Q16 instrument (Swedish version) among parents in Swedish multicultural settings.

Methods
A cross sectional design was used. Totally 193 first-time parents (N = 193) were recruited through two child healthcare centres in Stockholm. Parents were interviewed when their infants were < 2 months old using structured questionnaires including HLS-EU-Q16. For psychometric evaluation of HLS-EU-Q16 instrument, exploratory factor analyses (EFA) were used to test internal consistency (N = 164). HL levels in sub-groups were explored with Kruskal-Wallis/Chi2 tests. Participants’ comments on HLS-EU-Q16 questionnaire were viewed to explore how the questions were perceived by the target population.

Results
One factor solution of EFA explained 37.3% of the total variance in HLS-EU-Q16. Statistically significant differences in HL levels were found in relation to migration including language difficulties and level of education of the study population and access to support in line with previous research. Challenges related to understanding HLS-EU-Q16 questionnaire were found among participants with migrant background.

Conclusions
The Swedish version of HLS-EU-Q16 could be used together with other instruments for measuring overall HL in multicultural settings. HLS-EU-Q16 appears to discriminate between different levels of HL in relation to migrant background and shorter education and limited access to support. However, other measures of HL which should be adapted to use in multicultural settings, need to be explored in further studies of parental HL and its relationship to child health in multicultural settings.

Trial registration
The study was retrospectively registered (18 February 2020) in the ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN10336603).
Toward a theory-led meta-framework for implementing health system resilience analysis studies: a systematic review and critical interpretive synthesis
Authors: Foroughi Zeynab , Ebrahimi Parvin , Aryankhesal Aidin , Maleki Mohammadreza , Yazdani Shahram 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The variety of frameworks and models to describe resilience in the health system has led researchers and policymakers to confusion and the inability to its operationalization. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to create a meta-framework using the Critical Interpretive Synthesis method.

Method
For this purpose, studies that provide theories, models, or frameworks for organizational or health system resilience in humanitarian or organizational crises were systematically reviewed. The search strategy was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases. MMAT quality appraisal tool was applied. Data were analysed using MAXQDA 10 and the Meta-ethnography method.

Results
After screening based on eligibility criteria, 43 studies were reviewed. Data analysis led to the identification of five main themes which constitute different framework dimensions. Health system resilience phases, attributes, tools, and strategies besides health system building blocks and goals are various dimensions that provide a systematic framework for health system resilience analysis.

Discussion
This study provides a systemic, comprehensive framework for health system resilience analysis. This meta-framework makes it possible to detect the completeness of resilience phases. It examines the system’s resilience by its achievements in intermediate objectives (resilience system attributes) and health system goals. Finally, it provides policy solutions to achieve health system resilience using tools in the form of absorptive, adaptive, and transformative strategies.
Sedentary time and its association with risk of cardiovascular diseases in adults: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Jingjie Wu , Yang Lili , Jing Ye , Ran Lulu , Yiqing Xu , Zhou Na 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Epidemiological studies assessing the association between sedentary time and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risks have been published at a rapid pace in recent years, which makes the periodic review of knowledge essential. Furthermore, much of the early and ongoing work used screen time as a marker of total sedentary time, which may weaken the association between sedentary time and CVD risks.

Objective
To update evidence on CVD risks associated with different types of sedentary time, especially total sedentary time and screen time, and to explore as a marker of total sedentary time, whether screen time had similar CVD risks with total sedentary time.

Methods
PRISMA guideline was followed for the performing and reporting of this systematic review and meta-analysis. Three independent researchers searched eight electronic databases and two clinical trial registries for all studies published between January 2015 and December 2021 that assessed the association between sedentary time and CVD risks in adults. A standardized form was used for data extraction and collection. Wilmot and colleagues’ modified tool was used for quality assessment. The categorical association was assessed by comparing the pooled effect sizes for CVD risks associated with the highest and the lowest sedentary time categories across included studies. Stata 16.0 and Review Manager 5.3 were used for all statistical analyses, P ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results
Seventeen prospective cohort studies and two cross-sectional studies with 145,1730 participants and over 48,668 CVD cases and deaths were included. Two included studies measured sedentary time with the accelerometer, 16 studies with self-reported questions, and one study with both the accelerometer and self-reported questions. CVD outcomes were self-reported in two included studies and objectively adjudicated through medical records or death certifications in 17 studies. Compared with the lowest total sedentary time category (median duration, 2.75 h/d), participants in the highest category (median duration, 10.5 h/d) had an increased risk of CVD morbidity (pooled RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.21–1.27). Compared with the lowest total sedentary time category (median duration, 2.98 h/d), participants in the highest category (median duration, 10.2 h/d) had an increased risk of CVD mortality (pooled HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.13–1.47). The association between screen time and CVD risks was similar to total sedentary time with the cut-off point of 5–6 h/d. The associations between occupational sitting time, leisure sedentary time, and CVD risks stayed inconclusive.

Conclusion
Total sedentary time and screen time are both associated with cardiovascular health. As a marker of total sedentary time, screen time over 5–6 h/d had similar CVD risks with total sedentary time over 10–11 h/d.