bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an Instrument Based on Salient Behavioral Beliefs to Measure Attitude towards Physical Education
Authors: Mario Moroo , Das Anindita 
Published: December 2022

Study purpose. The study purpose was to develop an instrument to measure students’ attitude towards physical education through salient behavioral beliefs.
Materials and methods. The participants of the study were both boys and girls of grades 7 to 10 from the state of Manipur (India) in the first, second and fourth phase. In the first phase, based on the recommendation of the theory of reasoned action and its extension, the theory of planned behavior, an elicitation study was conducted using open-ended questions, where a total of 308 student responses were collected. The student responses were used to develop items through content analysis. In the second phase, i.e. content validity study, a total of 5 experts were recruited to evaluate the developed items from the elicitation study. In the third phase i.e. pilot study, out of the total of 123 student responses, 104 student responses were found to be usable for analysis. In the fourth phase, i.e. main study, out of the total of 433 student responses, 377 student responses were found to be usable for analysis.
Results. Due to lack of good model fit from the pilot study, a second exploratory factor analysis was conducted with the first half of the main study data which produced a three-factor model, and this model was tested with confirmatory factor analysis with the other half of the main study data. The model fit indices were found to be appropriate, and also the composite reliability and construct validity were found to be appropriate.
Conclusions. This belief-based attitude measuring instrument was found to be valid and reliable for grades 7 to 10 in the Indian physical education context, i.e. schools which incorporate both yoga and physical education in the general physical education curriculum.
Health-Related Physical Fitness is Associated with Total and Central Body Fat in Children Aged 6 to 10 Years
Authors: Gjonbalaj Malsor , Morina Besnik , Gontarev Seryozha , Georgiev Georgi 
Published: December 2022

Study purpose. This study purpose was to investigate whether health-related physical fitness is associated with total and central body fat in school children aged 6–10 years.
Materials and methods. A total of 2197 Macedonian children aged 6–10 years (1096 boys and 1101 girls) participated in the study. Health-related physical fitness was measured by the modified EUROFIT test battery: the 20 m shuttle run test (cardiorespiratory fitness); the handgrip strength test, the standing long jump and the 30 s sit-ups tests (muscular strength); the 4×10 m shuttle run test (motor fitness) and the sit and reach test (flexibility). Body mass index, body fat percentage and waist circumference were used as markers of total and central body fat, respectively.
Results. The standing long jump, the 30 s sit-ups, the 4×10 m shuttle run and the 20 m shuttle run tests were negatively associated with all markers of total and central body fat in boys and girls after controlling for age (p<0.01). The handgrip strength test was positively associated with all markers of total and central body fat (p<0.01). No statistically significant correlation was established between the markers of total and central body fat and the sit and reach test.
Conclusions. The present study broadens previous findings in children and adolescents which demonstrate correlations between the health-related physical fitness components, chiefly the muscle strength, the agility and cardiorespiratory fitness and total central adiposity. Fitness assessment should be introduced in future epidemiological and intervention studies in school children because it seems to be an important factor determining health.
A Study of Grade Level and Gender Differences in Attitude towards Nonlinear Pedagogy
Authors: Tri Kaloka Pasca , Nopembri Soni , Yudanto Yudanto , Elumalai Gunathevan 
Published: December 2022

It is important to remember that learning outcomes are not the only thing students accomplish, but attitude is also a major learning output.
The study purpose was to investigate students’ attitudes, especially regarding the attitude toward nonlinear pedagogy (ATNP), according to gender and grade level in Yogyakarta.
Materials and methods. The study involved 1,160 kids who were in fifth grade in primary schools and in eighth grade in secondary schools. A total of 18 schools from around the province were included in the study. The Test of Science Related Attitudes (TOSRA) was used to gather data. This questionnaire is effective for gathering descriptions of students’ attitudes toward nonlinear pedagogy scores for a specific set of participants, since it uses the Likert scale.
Results. The study findings show students have quite different levels of excitement for nonlinear science learning. The male students in primary school have a higher positive attitude than the female students do, (M = 36.75; p < 0.001). The male students exhibit a more eager attitude than the female students do in junior high schools (M = 35.78; p < 0.001). The data revealed that the male students in secondary schools have more positive attitudes than the female students do (8.23, M>F). According to the grade level of the school, the male students’ ATNP at the elementary level is more positive than in junior high schools.
Conclusions. The statistics show that students’ opinions toward nonlinear teaching are similar in elementary and secondary schools regardless of the grade level of the schools.
Even still, most secondary school students find physical education less enjoyable than it was in elementary school. This fact provides instructors of physical education with user input. This finding is encouraging for students looking for strategies to bridge the gender gap in classroom settings. The effects of nonlinear pedagogy are also explored.
Resting Heart Rate and Cardiovascular Endurance of Provincial Cricketers and Middle-Distance Runners: an Observation
Authors: Biswas Subhashis , Biswas Bankim , Biswas Ankur , Bhunia Gopinath Bhowmik 
Published: December 2022

Resting heart rate is a reliable biomarker for measuring fitness in terms of cardiovascular health as well as analyzing an athlete’s recovery.
The study purpose was to explore the resting heart rate and cardiovascular endurance of the cricketers and middle-distance runners of West Bengal.
Materials and methods. Forty male sub-elite athletes with a mean age of 19.8±2.4 years, height of 1.66±0.05 m, and body mass of 55.5±7.0 kg were randomly selected and categorized as cricketers (20) and middle-distance runners (20). Five-minute RR intervals were recorded during a resting state in the supine position using a Polar V800 smart watch along with a Polar H10 chest strap and a Polar H7 heart rate sensor. Cardiovascular endurance (predicted VO2max) was measured using the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test Level 1.
Results. Mean resting heart rate, SDNN, rMSSD, pNN50, and predicted VO2max of cricketers and middle-distance runners have been found to be 57.2±5.9 bpm, 53.5±26.6 ms, 68.4±36.8 ms, 40.9±23.2%, and 48.4±1.7 ml/kg/min and 61.7±7.3 bpm, 47.0±18.8 ms, 59.2±27.3 ms 32.4±20.9%, and 49.0±2.2 ml/kg/min, respectively. No significant difference was observed in time domain parameters and predicted VO2max, but a significant difference (p=0.033) was observed in resting heart rate of two groups. A significant negative (r= -0.62, p=<0.001) association has been observed between resting heart rate and predicted VO2max.
Conclusions. The low resting heart rate of the cricketers may possibly have come from higher training load borne by the young players. Based on the players’ predicted VO2max, it looks like having good cardiovascular fitness is just as important in modern cricket as it is in middle-distance running.
Assessment of Training Loads of Highly Qualified Basketball Players
Authors: Koryahin Viktor 
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the study is: 1) development and unification of a system of training loads monitoring by the nature of the physiological impact on the basketball players’ body; 2) study of the strategy of preparing a highly qualified basketball team for important international competitions, namely: to find out the nature of the distribution of means of different physiological, as well as technical-tactical and game orientation at different stages of preparation; 3) test basketball players before and after training.
Materials and methods. A team of highly qualified basketball players (masters of sports and masters of sports of international class) in the number of 15 people participated in the research. The assessment of physical load by the nature of the physiological impact on the body of basketball players during 18 microcycles using 4 – 1 system, that is, 4 working days and 1 day off, was carried out. Athletes were tested before and after training.
Results. The dynamics of the means of training by the nature of the physiological impact on the athletes’ body have been established. The nature of the distribution of means at different stages of preparation has been established. The test results before and after training are shown.
Conclusions. The research results showed that a certain accounting system based on assessments of the nature of the tasks to be solved and the degree of compliance with the specifics of their game activities has developed in basketball. At the same time, research have indicated the need for accounting and analyzing of the training loads by the nature of physiological impact on the body of athletes.
Discriminant Analysis: Age-Specific Features of Motor Fitness of Girls Aged 7 to 9
Authors: Kruglov Vladyslav , Khudolii Oleg 
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the study was to determine the age-specific features of the motor fitness of girls aged 7 to 9.
Materials and methods. The study participants were 27 girls aged 7, 40 girls aged 8, and 35 girls aged 9. The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The study used such research methods as analysis of scientific and methodical literature, pedagogical observations, motor fitness testing, a probabilistic approach to the assessment of the learning process, and methods of mathematical statistics.
Results. The level of proficiency in gymnastic exercises, the level of development of coordination abilities, endurance and speed strength are those indicators that can be used to assess the motor fitness of girls aged 7 to 9. Attention is drawn to the fact that the level of proficiency in exercises is a key element in the motor fitness of girls. The obtained discriminant functions have statistical significance both in the classification of data and in the determination of the structural features of the motor fitness of girls aged 7 to 9.
Conclusions. The standardized and structure coefficients of the discriminant function indicate that the most important indicators in the motor fitness of girls aged 7 to 9 are the level of general endurance, coordination of movements, relative arm strength and the level of proficiency in gymnastic exercises.
Clinical outcomes of the intramedullary femoral nailing system in the treatment of femoral fractures
Authors: Sharma Akash , Jain Arpit , Luthra Gaurav 
Published: December 2022

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Femoral fractures are a common type of fracture brought on by large force impaction. This study's objective was to clinically assess the results of using an intramedullary femoral nailing system to treat femoral fractures.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> 32 patients with femoral fractures are included in this retrospective clinical trial. They are all treated with an intramedullary femoral nailing system made by Kaulmed private limited in Sonipat, Haryana, India. This system includes KN-1 advance nails (PFNA), KN-6 femur nails (retrograde Nails), KN-3 nails type II (gamma nails), KN-2F femur nails (expert femoral nails), and KN-5F universal intramedullary cannulated femoral nails. There were 32 patients, with 15 from one hospital and 17 from the other. The first hospital group consisted of 8 men and 7 women, with an average age of 32 years and the second hospital group consisted of 9 male and 8 female with mean age of 40.5 years. The fractures were categorized based on AO classification and pre-operative fitness was assessed using American society of anaesthesiologist (ASA Grade). The clinical effectiveness was evaluated using the VAS score and anatomical results.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Surgery was performed on 32 patients with at-least three post-operative follow-up visits in 180 days. No patient in any group complained after the final follow up about complications or hardware problems, and every patient's bone union was achieved successfully. Radiological outcomes also showed proper union at 6 months. </p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In femoral fractures, the intramedullary femoral nail provides better results with a high rate of union and postoperative composure.</p>
Issues and Challenges among Cooperatives in Zamboanga del Norte in pursuit for Survival and Sustainability during the CoViD-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jumawan April R. 
Published: December 2022

Cooperatives and other businesses around the world are being affected by the CoViD-19 pandemic and responding in a variety of ways. Different types of cooperatives exist and different sorts of help are available. The objectives of the study were to investigate the issues and challenges encountered by the cooperatives in Zamboanga del Norte and how they deal with them in order to survive. A qualitative research method was used and the researcher developed the interview guide questions. Results revealed that cooperatives encountered several challenges during the pandemic. The cooperatives mitigated those challenges through assistance to members and community, flexible working arrangement, improved health and sanitation, internal operation management, kumustahan, penalties and interest condone, and product and services innovation and adaptation.
More importantly, these discoveries provide valuable insights to BODs and management on maintaining and/or improving good member-patron relations. Moreover, keeping members informed about the updated policies and products offered, operating procedures, and development programs is also important for ensuring the cooperative's survival and sustainability.
Bolesław Prus – nie tylko prozaik. Sylwetka filantropa
Authors: Kiełb Ewa , Robak Piotr 
Published: December 2022

Artykuł odnosi się do postaci Bolesława Prusa, wybitnego pisarza okresu pozytywizmu. W tekście uwypuklony został mniej znany aspekt jego biografii, a mianowicie zainteresowanie działalnością dobroczynną. Kwestia ta jest zazwyczaj traktowana jako zagadnienie drugoplanowe. Jeszcze rzadziej wspomina się o związanej z nią, stworzonej przez Prusa, teorii dotyczącej społeczeństwa, postępu, jak też o Prusowskich poglądach na wychowanie i sprawy upowszechniania kultury, czy roli sztuki w życiu narodu.
Zgromadzony materiał, tj. fragmenty korespondencji pisarza, wypowiedzi publicystyczne, a ponadto przywołane przykłady, świadczące o osobistym zaangażowaniu Prusa w prace filantropijne (aktywność w ramach towarzystw, wspieranie projektów na rzecz potrzebujących, popularyzowanie szlachetnych idei pomocy słabszym), ukazuje, z jakim oddaniem Prus podchodził do spraw społecznych. Jego działalność w tym zakresie zobrazowana została w artykule na przykładzie Warszawy oraz Lublina i okolic. W tych miejscach Prus zapisał się jako człowiek szczerze popierający inicjatywy służące osobom, które wymagały pomocy materialnej lub lekarskiej, serdecznie odnosił się do wszystkich gotowych nieść tę pomoc w trudnych warunkach zaboru rosyjskiego na przełomie XIX i XX w.
Bajończycy – pierwsza polska jednostka walcząca na froncie zachodnim w latach 1914–1915
Authors: Jarno Witold 
Published: December 2022

Artykuł opisuje dzieje polskiej kompanii walczącej na froncie zachodnim w latach 1914–1915 w składzie francuskiej Legii Cudzoziemskiej. Oddział ten przeszedł do historii jako Bajończycy, bądź Legion Bajończyków, a swą nazwę wziął od miejscowości Bayonna, w której został sformowany. Był to pierwszy oddział polskich ochotników walczący po stronie państw Ententy. Stał się on symbolem polskich dążeń niepodległościowych, walcząc na polach Szampanii w początkowym okresie I wojny światowej.
An Adaptive Moth Flame Optimization Algorithm with Historical Flame Archive Strategy and its Applications
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Cao Zijian , Jia Haowen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The rule-based network intrusion detection system (IDS) is every effective and efficient for protecting the network equipment and avoiding suffering cyberattack. However, its rule generation is a NP-hard problem, which cannot be solved well by mathematical methods. Moth Flame Optimization (MFO) is a new nature-inspired heuristic algorithm, and has successfully been utilized to solve the various complex practical engineering problems. To effectively provide the rule of IDS, an adaptive MFO algorithm with historical flame archive strategy is proposed in this paper for enhancing exploitation of MFO and avoiding dropping into local optimal trap, which is termed MFO-HFA to avoid ambiguity. In MFO-HFA, to make effectively population escape local optimal trap, the archive consists of historical optimal individuals, which is utilized to preserve the information of better historical flame. Besides, to improve the convergence ability of the algorithm, a top flame randomly matching mechanism is utilized to make full use of the information of top flame. To demonstrate the advantage of MFO-HFA, it is compared with several well-known variants of MFO and some state-of-the-art intelligence algorithms on both 25 benchmark functions of CEC 2005. The experimental results indicate that MFO-HFA outperforms other compared algorithms and has obtained best accuracy. Furthermore, MFO-HFA is used to generate the rule of IDS by NSL-KDD dataset. The test results demonstrate that MFO-HFA outperforms compared algorithms and has gained 96.5% accuracy.
New expanding cavity model for conical indentation and its application to determine an intrinsic length scale of polymeric materials
Authors: Sevastyanov Georgiy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

New expanding spherical cavity model (ECM) for conical indentation is proposed. For polymeric materials description, the model incorporates isotropic non-monotonic strain-hardening. For capturing the indentation size effect (ISE), the model incorporates the strain gradient dependence in yield strength based on lower-order strain gradient plasticity assumptions. Specifically, the forward gradient of the equivalent (accumulated) plastic strain is utilized as a non-local part of the yield strength. To predict the indentation depth-dependent hardness based on the proposed model, it is sufficient to numerically integrate one nonlinear ODE of the first order, and then calculate the definite integral. For the local plasticity model, the hardness is obtained as an analytical expression that differs from known ECMs. The hardness estimate obtained numerically using the proposed model is compared with the experimental ISE data for polycarbonate (PC) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). For the local plasticity model, the formula obtained in the study is compared with the experimental data on the hardness of preliminary workhardened materials. In both cases, the model shows good agreement with the experimental data. Fitting the experimental data on ISE, we found that intrinsic length scale of PMMA should be near 3 micron and near 9 micron for PC.
Tingbjerg Changing Diabetes: Experiencing and navigating complexity in a community-based health promotion initiative in a disadvantaged neighborhood in Copenhagen, Denmark
Authors: Termansen Tina , Bloch Paul , Tørslev Mette Kirstine , Vardinghus-Nielsen Henrik 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As a response to the complexity of reducing health inequity there has been a rise in community-based health promotion interventions adhering to the principles of complexity thinking. Such interventions often work with adaptive practice and constitute themselves in complex webs of collaborations between multiple stakeholders. However, few efforts have been made to articulate how complexity is experienced by stakeholders or can be addressed in practice. This study explores how partners experience and navigate complexity in the partnership behind Tingbjerg Changing Diabetes (TCD), a community-based intervention addressing health and social development in the disadvantaged neighborhood of Tingbjerg in urban Copenhagen. The study is based on 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork in the local community including participant observations and 9 in-depth interviews with key partner representatives. Findings show that complexity in TCD can be characterized by unpredictability in actions and outcomes, undefined purpose and direction, and differing organizational logics. Factors that support partners’ navigation in complexity include connectivity, embracing a flexible intervention framework, autonomy, and quick responsiveness. The study showcases the interdependency between the intervention and the context of the disadvantaged neighborhood of Tingbjerg and encourages stakeholders and researchers to embrace the messiness of complexity, and to pay attention to ways through which messiness and unpredictability can be handled.
Network Information Channel and Household Financial Market Participation Inequality: Evidence from China
Authors: Ji Cheng , Wang Tingting 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We investigate and evaluate the influence of network information channels on inequality in household financial market participation using data from the China Family Panel Studies (2018). According to our findings, network information channels can improve the inequality of household financial market participation, and this impact stems in part from the displacement of other information channels. Then we look at whether two variables, region and family type, influence the impact of network information channels. The eastern area of China has a favorable effect on the role of network information channels, according to our findings. The western area, on the other hand, has a negative influence on the primary effect, and the negative impact only appears among households with limited financial participation opportunities. Furthermore, the impact of network information channels is unaffected by whether the family is from a rural or urban environment. These findings suggest that, in order to allow more residents to participate in financial market investment, it is necessary to pay attention to network construction, break the information barrier to participate in the financial market, and provide a good foundation for families to participate in the financial market.
JEL: D14; G51; G53