bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single and two‐phase flows in a horizontal pipe with a Kenics static mixer: Effect of pressure drop on mixing
Authors: Hosni Massinissa , Hammoudi M'hamed , Si‐Ahmed El‐Khider , Legrand Jack , Douib Lamine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSingle and two‐phase flows pressure drops through a Kenics static mixer were investigated, for liquid and gas Reynolds numbers ranging from 8110 < ReL < 18 940 to 1730 < ReG < 8680, respectively. New friction factor correlations were established for single and two‐phase flows, showing better agreement than those available in the literature. Dissipated energy and characteristic time constants were estimated from experimental data. For instance, a dissipated energy with a maximum value of 510 W/kg was calculated in two‐phase flow with the drift‐flux model. The dispersed phase reduced the characteristic mixing times and its influence was more important than the continuous phase for all the characteristic mixing time investigated. Furthermore, the macroscopic characteristic mixing time was shown to be the governing mixing process for almost all gas and liquid flow rates explored.
Immediate and early percutaneous coronary intervention in very high‐risk and high‐risk non‐ST segment elevation myocardial infarction patients
Authors: Lupu Lior , Taha Louay , Banai Ariel , Shmueli Hezzy , Borohovitz Ariel , Matetzky Shlomi , Gabarin Mustafa , Shuvy Mony , Beigel Roy , Orvin Katia , Minha Sa'ar , Shacham Yacov , Banai Shmuel , Glikson Michael , Asher Elad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST‐segment elevation (non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction [NSTEMI]) has recommended immediate (<2 h) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in very‐high risk patients and early (<24 h) PCI in high‐risk patients.HypothesisTo examine the ESC NSTEMI guidelines adherence in a nationwide survey in Israel using the Acute Coronary Syndrome Israeli Survey (ACSIS). We hypothesized that adherence to the guidlines' recommnded PCI timing in NSTEMI pateints will be inadequate, partly due to the inconsistent evidence regarding its effect on clinical outcomes.MethodsAll NSTEMI patients who underwent PCI during the ACSIS surveys in 2016 and 2018 were included in the analysis.ResultsOut of 1793 NSTEMI patients, 1643 (92%) patients underwent PCI, and door to balloon time was documented in 1078 of them. One hundred and fifty‐six (14.5%) patients and 922 (85.5%) patients were defined as very high‐risk and high‐risk NSTEMI patients, respectively. Of the very high‐risk NSTEMI patients, only 10 (6.4%) underwent immediate coronary angiography, and 50 (32.1%) underwent early coronary angiography. Acute heart failure 139 (89.1%) was the main reason for including NSTEMI patients in the very high‐risk category. Of the high‐risk patients, early coronary angiography was performed in only 405 (43.9%) patients. Patients in whom coronary angiography was postponed were older and had more comorbidities.ConclusionsDespite guidelines recommendations for immediate and early PCI in very high‐risk and high‐risk NSTEMI patients, respectively, most patients do not undergo immediate or early PCI according to contemporary guidelines. Further studies are needed to better understand the reasons for guidelines' nonadherence in those high‐risk patients.
An Unprecedented Interconversion Between Non‐covalent and Covalent Interactions Driven by Halogen Bonding
Authors: Jiang Xiankai , Miao Junjian , Gao Yi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe spontaneous interconversion between covalent forces and noncovalent counterparts remains an unexplained mystery to date. Here we have discovered a marvelous transformation between them through halogen bonding using NI3 as a prototype. Our results show that the interaction strength of the NI3 dimer is 7.01 kcal mol−1, demonstrating that it is a quite strong halogen bond. Molecular orbital analyses indicate that the frontier molecular orbitals result from strong mixing of the fragment orbitals, which may be the electronic structure basis for interconversion. Further studies on a series of NI3 oligomers (5‐, 10‐, 15‐, 20‐, 26‐, 30‐mer) show that the interconversion occurs approximately at 26‐mer on the basis on bond distance, ELF, etc.; the interconversion is a gradual transformation and not a sudden one. This study provides more insights into the halogen bonding and the high explosivity of NI3 containing species.
Deconstructing pathways to resilience: A systematic review of associations between psychosocial mechanisms and transdiagnostic adult mental health outcomes in the context of adverse childhood experiences
Authors: Panagou Corinna , MacBeth Angus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are identified with increased risk of adult mental health difficulties and negative impacts on well‐being. However, there is a need to go beyond simple associations and identify candidate mechanisms underpinning the ACEs–mental health relationship. Further methodological heterogeneity points to issues around the operationalization of ACEs and the importance of modelling data using robust research designs. The aim of the current review was to synthesize studies that utilized formal mediation and/or moderation analyses to explore psychological and social variables on the pathway between clearly defined ACEs (as measured by the ACE questionnaire and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire [CTQ]) and common mental health outcomes (depressive, anxiety and post‐traumatic stress disorder [PTSD] symptoms) across community samples aged over 18. A total of 31 papers were retrieved for critical appraisal. The majority of the studies explored factors mediating/moderating the link between child adversity and depression and less on anxiety and trauma. Most mechanisms were tested in only single studies, limiting the consistency of evidence. Evidence indicated that the mechanisms underlying associations between ACEs and adult mental health are likely to reflect multiple intervening variables. Further, there are substantial methodological limitations in the extant literature including the proliferation of causal inferences from cross‐sectional designs and both measurement and conceptual issues in operationalizing adversity. Consistent transdiagnostic mechanisms relevant to common mental health problems were identified, including perceived social support, emotion regulation and negative cognitive appraisals/beliefs. Further research using longitudinal design is required to delineate the potential contribution of the identified mechanisms.
Controlled Synthesis of Intermetallic Au2Bi Nanocrystals and Au2Bi/Bi Hetero‐Nanocrystals with Promoted Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Properties
Authors: Zhu Zhejiaji , Yu Zi‐Long , Gao Wen‐Yan , Su Xin , Chen Li‐Wei , Hao Yu‐Chen , Wu Si‐Qian , Liu Di , Jing Xiao‐Ting , Huang Hui‐Zi , Yin An‐Xiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe electrocatalytic properties of metal nanoparticles (NPs) strongly depend on their compositions and structures. Rational design of alloys and/or heterostructures provides additional approaches to modifying their surface geometric and electronic structures for optimized electrocatalytic performance. Here, a solution synthesis of freestanding intermetallic Au2Bi NPs, the heterostructures of Au2Bi/Bi hetero‐NPs, and their promoted electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) performances were reported. It was revealed that the formation and in‐situ conversion of heterogeneous seeds (e. g., Au) were of vital importance for the formation of intermetallic Au2Bi and Au2Bi/Bi hetero‐NPs. It was also found that the Au components would act as the structure promoter moderating the binding strength for key intermediates on Bi surfaces. The alloying of Bi with Au and the formation of heterogeneous Au2Bi/Bi interfaces would create more surface active sites with modulated electronic structures and stronger adsorption strengths for key intermediates, promoting the CO2‐to‐HCOOH conversion with high activity and selectivity. This work presents a novel route for preparing intermetallic nanomaterials with modulated surface geometric/electric structures and promoting their electrocatalytic activities with alloying effects and interfacial effects. Such strategy may find wide application in catalyst design and synthesis for more electrocatalytic reactions.
Effect of washed versus unwashed red blood cells on transfusion‐related immune responses in preterm newborns
Authors: Crawford Tara M , Andersen Chad C , Hodyl Nicolette A , Robertson Sarah A , Stark Michael J 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesTransfusion with washed packed red blood cells (PRBCs) may be associated with reduced transfusion‐related pro‐inflammatory cytokine production. This may be because of alterations in recipient immune responses.MethodsThis randomised trial evaluated the effect of transfusion with washed compared with unwashed PRBCs on pro‐inflammatory cytokines and endothelial activation in 154 preterm newborns born before 29 weeks’ gestation. Changes in plasma cytokines and measures of endothelial activation in recipient blood were analysed after each of the first three transfusions.ResultsBy the third transfusion, infants receiving unwashed blood had an increase in IL‐17A (P = 0.04) and TNF (P = 0.007), whereas infants receiving washed blood had reductions in IL‐17A (P = 0.013), TNF (P = 0.048), IL‐6 (P = 0.001), IL‐8 (P = 0.037), IL‐12 (P = 0.001) and IFN‐γ (P = 0.001). The magnitude of the post‐transfusion increase in cytokines did not change between the first and third transfusions in the unwashed group but decreased in the washed group for IL‐12 (P = 0.001), IL‐17A (P = 0.01) and TNF (P = 0.03), with the difference between the groups reaching significance by the third transfusion (P < 0.001 for each cytokine).ConclusionThe pro‐inflammatory immune response to transfusion in preterm infants can be modified when PRBCs are washed prior to transfusion. Further studies are required to determine whether the use of washed PRBCs for neonatal transfusion translates into reduced morbidity and mortality.
Rutin increases alpha‐tubulin acetylation via histone deacetylase 6 inhibition
Authors: Çetin Özge , Sari Suat , Erdem‐Yurter Hayat , Bora Gamze 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMicrotubules are dynamic cytoskeletal filaments composed of alpha‐ (α) and beta (β)‐tubulin proteins. α‐tubulin proteins are posttranslationally acetylated, and loss of acetylation is associated with axonal transport defects, a common alteration contributing to the pathomechanisms of several neurodegenerative diseases. Restoring α‐tubulin acetylation by pharmacological inhibition of HDAC6, a primary α‐tubulin deacetylase, can rescue impaired transport. Therefore, HDAC6 is considered a promising therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases, but currently, there is no clinically approved inhibitor for this purpose. In this study, using drug repurposing strategy, we aimed to identify compounds possessing HDAC6 inhibition activity and inducing α‐tubulin acetylation. We systematically analyzed the FDA‐approved library by utilizing virtual screening and consensus scoring approaches. Inhibition activities of promising compounds were tested using in vitro assays. Motor neuron‐like NSC34 cells were treated with the candidate compounds, and α‐tubulin acetylation levels were determined by Western blot. Our results demonstrated that rutin, a natural flavonoid, inhibits cellular HDAC6 activity without inducing any toxicity, and it significantly increases α‐tubulin acetylation level in motor neuron‐like cells.
Variation in insulative feather structure in songbirds replacing each other along a tropical elevation gradient
Authors: Barve Sahas , Cadena Carlos Daniel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHigh‐elevation organisms are expected to evolve physiological adaptations to cope with harsh environmental conditions. Yet, evidence for such adaptive differences, especially compared to closely related lowland taxa occurring along the same elevational gradient, is rare. Revisiting an anecdotal natural history observation by O. Bangs from 1899 and based on new measurements of museum specimens, we confirmed that the high‐elevation hermit wood wren (Henicorhina anachoreta) from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, has longer, more insulative feathers on the chest and back, than its lower‐elevation counterpart the grey‐breasted wood wren (H. leucophrys). However, we did not find evidence for the same specializations in subspecies of H. leucophrys that live at high elevations on other elevational gradients in the Colombian Andes, although similar adaptive solutions have arisen in separate mountain systems like the Himalayas. Adaptations in plumage may be associated with the recurrence of elevational species replacements throughout the tropics.
Maximizing species distribution model performance when using historical occurrences and variables of varying persistency
Authors: Bracken Jason T. , Davis Amelie Y. , O'Donnell Katherine M. , Barichivich William J. , Walls Susan C. , Jezkova Tereza 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOccurrence data used to build species distribution models often include historical records from locations in which the species no longer exists. When these records are paired with contemporary environmental values that no longer represent the conditions the species experienced, the model creates false associations that hurt predictive performance. The extent of mismatching increases with the number of historical occurrences and with inclusion of environmental variables that are prone to change over time. Indeed, the mismatch between occurrence data and contemporaneous environmental variables is a common dilemma when modeling rare or cryptic species, especially those of conservation concern that were once more abundant. Herein, we assess (1) the impact of historical occurrences on model performance across three sets of environmental variables of increasing persistency and (2) the performance of models built using selected‐historical occurrences from locations that showed evidence of limited environmental change over time. Concepts are tested on federally listed flatwoods salamanders, reflecting real‐world conservation management efforts. We predicted that, compared to other occurrence sets, (1) historical occurrences would perform best with environmental variables that were more persistent, (2) recent occurrences would perform best when the environmental variables were more impersistent, and that (3) our selected‐historical occurrences would perform best with a combination of persistent and impersistent variables. Our results showed the expected inversion of model performance of recent and historical occurrences across environmental variables of increasing persistency when evaluated by correct predictions. However, the inversion was not seen in area under the curve performance, in which historical occurrences outperformed recent occurrence models across all variable sets. Selected‐historical occurrences did not notably improve performance over all‐historical occurrences in any metric or variable set. To maximize utility and performance, modelers could acknowledge potential trade‐offs from inclusion of historical occurrences and consider number and age of recent and historical occurrences available, the persistency of environmental variables considered, and how their conservation goals are reflected in model design and evaluation, particularly with respect to sensitivity versus specificity. Our study lends support for inclusion of historical occurrences, with the potential exception of mostly impersistent variables when sensitivity is the highest priority.
Estimating widespread beaver dam loss: Habitat decline and surface storage loss at a regional scale
Authors: Scamardo Julianne E. , Marshall Sarah , Wohl Ellen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe loss of beaver populations has commonly been accompanied by the failure of beaver dams, leading to stream incision, water table lowering, and the eventual transition from a beaver meadow to a drier riparian corridor. Widespread decline in North American beaver populations (Castor canadensis) has been documented from pre‐European settlement to the current day, representing an estimated 80% to 98% loss of historical populations. While individual case studies have investigated the ecosystem impacts of local beaver population loss, few studies have quantified large‐scale changes associated with widespread population decline. Here, we use the Beaver Restoration Assessment Tool to model landscape‐scale habitat suitability and beaver dam capacity in Colorado, USA, in order to determine whether a widespread loss in beaver population corresponds to a similar scale decline in the capacity to sustain beaver on the landscape and declines in physical benefits associated with beaver, such as surface water and sediment storage. Currently, the statewide stream network (298,119 stream kilometers) can support approximately 1.36 million beaver dams, compared with 2.39 million dams historically. All regions of Colorado have seen a decline in beaver dam capacity from historical conditions, likely due to agriculture, urbanization, and loss of vegetation necessary to beaver. Beaver dam capacity loss is accompanied by an approximate 40% decline in beaver‐mediated surface water and sediment storage potential across the state. Regions with high percent loss in storage potentials also had a high percentage of drainage network that had experienced beaver dam capacity losses of 15 or more dams per kilometer, which highlights the disproportionate impacts of losing high dam density reaches (i.e., beaver meadows). Extreme dam density declines were rare, and instead, most reaches have undergone a shift from high to moderate capacity. Statewide shifts in beaver dam capacity highlight the opportunity for using beaver‐related restoration in Colorado and across the American West.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Synthesis of 4‐Alkynylquinazolines
Authors: Uçar Sefa , Daştan Arif 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProtocols have been developed that allow easy access to 4‐alkynylquinazolines under transition‐metal‐free conditions. The ring opening reaction of 4‐(benzofuran‐2‐yl)quinazolines obtained from the arylation of quinazolines with benzofuran is the first way to achieve 4‐alkynylquinazolines. Direct alkynylation of quinazolines with terminal alkynes in the presence of n‐BuLi and iodine or with alkynyl Grignard reagents is another strategy. Desilylation of 4‐((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)quinazolines obtained by direct alkynation is the third approach to give 4‐alkynylquinazolines. It has also been shown that the protocols are applicable for scale‐up synthesis.
All‐day wearable health monitoring system
Authors: Han Sang A , Naqi Muhammad , Kim Sunkook , Kim Jung Ho 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWearable devices are widely used in the smart healthcare monitoring system to detect changes in user parameters through applications such as wristwatches, bands, and clothing electronic skin. In addition, multimode devices enable monitoring of vital signs, helping diagnose and prevent diseases. A wearable device detects the user's biological signals such as body temperature, movement, heartbeat, and humidity level, transmits the information to the mobile phone, and sends the information to an emergency center/family/clinician through cloud computing or wireless communication systems. This all‐day monitoring system enables the user's status information to be monitored 24 h a day to ensure appropriate treatment, thereby facilitating highly personalized care due to its human‐centricity. When integrated with higher‐level infrastructure, it is expected to be useful in healthcare scenarios, providing benefits to multiple stakeholders. In addition, it will help protect people exposed to potentially life‐threatening environments such as military personnel, first responders, and deep‐sea and space explorers. In this review, the components for implementing an all‐day monitoring system are described, including the electrode design strategy for realizing a skin attachable e‐skin device. Issues related to flexible storage devices and recent research results are also discussed.image
Chestnut shell‐like hollow spheres of C/Co3O4 nanoparticles as adsorbent for the removal of Congo red in wastewater
Authors: Wang Qian , Wang Xiaofei , Wang Yongni , Zhang Zhihao , Chen Yuan , Zhao Qunying 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChestnut shell‐like hollow spheres of C/Co3O4 nanoparticles was prepared through hydrothermal method, and occupied as adsorbent for the treatment of toxic dyes in wastewater. The obtained material was analyzed by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, and BET, the resultant R‐Co3O4/C hybrid hollow spheres were of hollow structure and performed excellent in the adsorption of Congo red (CR). The adsorption capacities of CR and was determined to be 446.43 mg g−1. CR was calculated to be chemisorpted on R‐Co3O4/C hybrid hollow sphere, and R‐Co3O4/C hybrid hollow sphere after been used can be fast regenerated through UV‐Fenton process at pH 3 and showed good cyclic stability.
Between the sea and the sky: A social practice investigation into health behaviours during cruise travel
Authors: Werder Olaf , Holland Kate , Kiaos Theaanna , Ferson Mark J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIssue addressedThe COVID‐19 pandemic has highlighted organised cruise holidays as perfect incubators for microbiological infections due to the constant socialising within closed spaces. Little is known about people's health behaviours and perceptions during cruise holidays.MethodsNarrative group interviews and respondent photo diary exercises were conducted with families (n = 25) residing in different areas across metropolitan NSW, Australia. Guided by a social practice theoretical approach we undertook a thematic analysis that identifies reasons for choosing a cruise, health considerations and behaviours in relation to cruise travel and awareness of official cruise health information.ResultsCruise travel included a licence to abandon cautious behaviours, reinforced by confidence in the cruise organiser's risk management ability. Health concerns were not a high priority for participants and were mainly understood in terms of eating healthy, modest exercise, managing seasickness and having adequate supplies of medications. Awareness of official cruise health and risk information was largely non‐existent.ConclusionUnderstanding how travel health practices emerge and are likely to be modifiable produces health‐promoting awareness and intervention efforts that recognise and link with people's ideas about cruise holidays as times of fun, leisure, relaxation, without interfering with or imposing on them.So what?This study highlights the importance of developing health communication and promotion strategies that are responsive to the interconnected meanings, competencies and materials that have a bearing on how cruise travellers understand and enact health‐related behaviours in preparation for and during a cruise holiday.