bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OpenConcrete: a tool for estimating the environmental impacts from concrete production
Authors: Kim Alyson , Cunningham Patrick R , Kamau-Devers Kanotha , Miller Sabbie A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As the increasing global consumption of concrete drives notable environmental burdens from its production, particularly greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, interest in mitigation efforts is increasing. Yet current environmental impact quantification tools rely on user decision-making to select data for each concrete constituent, have inconsistent scopes and system boundaries, and often utilize third-party life cycle inventories. These factors limit customization or tracking of data and hinder the ability to draw robust comparisons among concrete mixtures to mitigate its environmental burdens. To address these issues, we introduce a cohesive, unified dataset of material, energy, and emission inventories to quantify the environmental impacts of concrete. In this work, we detail the synthesis of this open dataset and create an environmental impact assessment tool using this data. Models can be customized to be region specific, expanded to varying concrete mixtures, and support data visualization throughout each production stage. We perform a scenario analysis of impacts to produce a representative concrete mixture across the United States, with results ranging from 189 kg CO2-eq/m3 of concrete (California) to 266 kg CO2-eq/m3 of concrete (West Virginia). The largest driver of GHG, nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide, and volatile organic compound emissions as well as energy demand is cement production, but aggregate production is the largest driver of water consumption and particulate matter smaller than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) emissions.
Scanning probe microscopy in probing low-dimensional carbon-based nanostructures and nanomaterials
Authors: Zhang Chi , Yi Zewei , Xu Wei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Carbon, as an indispensable chemical element on Earth, has diverse covalent bonding ability, which enables construction of extensive pivotal carbon-based structures in multiple scientific fields. The extraordinary physicochemical properties presented by pioneering synthetic carbon allotropes, typically including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, have stimulated broad interest in fabrication of carbon-based nanostructures and nanomaterials. Accurate regulation of topology, size, and shape, as well as controllably embedding target sp
n
-hybridized carbons in molecular skeletons, is significant for tailoring their structures and consequent properties and requires atomic precision in their preparation. Scanning probe microscopy (SPM), combined with on-surface synthesis strategy, has demonstrated its capabilities in fabrication of various carbon-based nanostructures and nanomaterials with atomic precision, which has long been elusive for conventional solution-phase synthesis due to realistic obstacles in solubility, isolation, purification, etc. More intriguingly, atom manipulation via an SPM tip allows unique access to local production of highly reactive carbon-based nanostructures. In addition, SPM provides topographic information of carbon-based nanostructures as well as their characteristic electronic structures with unprecedented submolecular resolution in real space. In this review, we overview recent exciting progress in the delicate application of SPM in probing low-dimensional carbon-based nanostructures and nanomaterials, which will open an avenue for the exploration and development of elusive and undiscovered carbon-based nanomaterials.
The moduli space of marked generalized cusps in real projective manifolds
Authors: Ballas Samuel , Cooper Daryl , Leitner Arielle 
Published: August 2022

ln this paper, a generalized cusp is a properly convex manifold with strictly convex boundary that is diffeomorphic to

M
×
[
0
,
∞
)

M\times [0,\infty )

where

M
M

is a closed Euclidean manifold. These are classified by Ballas, Cooper, and Leitner [J. Topol. 13 (2020), pp. 1455-1496]. The marked moduli space is homeomorphic to a subspace of the space of conjugacy classes of representations of

π
1

M

\pi _1M

. It has one description as a generalization of a trace-variety, and another description involving weight data that is similar to that used to describe semi-simple Lie groups. It is also a bundle over the space of Euclidean similarity (conformally flat) structures on

M
M

, and the fiber is a closed cone in the space of cubic differentials. For

3
3

-dimensional orientable generalized cusps, the fiber is homeomorphic to a cone on a solid torus.
A-4 Executive Functioning Is an Important Predictor of Life Expectancy in Those with All-Cause Dementia
Authors: Schaffert Jeff , Goette Will , Fatima Hudaisa , LoBue Christian , Carlew Anne , Rossetti Heidi , Lacritz Laura , Cullum Munro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Neuropsychiatric, functional, motor, and demographic factors have been associated with life expectancy (LE) in those with dementia. Recent findings suggested cognition (assessed by the Mini-Mental State Exam [MMSE]) to be the strongest predictor of LE in Alzheimer’s disease (ad; Schaffert et al., 2022). We evaluated if more detailed neuropsychological scores predict LE in a larger sample of individuals with all-cause dementia.
Method: Participants were 4090 deceased individuals (Mage = 74.5, Meducation = 14.8, Male = 44%, White = 90%, Non-Hispanic = 96%) with all-cause dementia (at visit 1, ad = 78%) from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center. Three index scores [executive function/speed/attention (EFAS), language, memory] were calculated from NACC’s neuropsychological batteries. Variables (from visit 1) were entered into a forward regression model (p &lt; 0.001 as point-of-entry) to predict days of LE, and included: age, gender, race (white/non-white), ethnicity (Hispanic/Non-Hispanic), diagnosis (ad/non-ad), abnormal neurological exam (yes/no), Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ, total score), Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q, total score), MMSE, and EFAS, language, and memory composite Z-scores.
Results: Performance on the EFAS composite explained the most variance in LE (R2 = 0.065), followed by age (R2 = 0.044), diagnosis (R2 = 0.023), FAQ (R2 = 0.016), gender (R2 = 0.012), abnormal neurological exam (R2 = 0.006), NPI-Q (R2 = 0.004), language abilities (R2 = 0.003), and Hispanic ethnicity (R2 = 0.003). Plus/minus one Z-score on the EFAS composite predicted 158 days of LE, and each year of age predicted 27 days of LE.
Conclusions: EFAS performance and age explained &gt;10% of LE variance. The MMSE failed to predict LE in this model that included more detailed neuropsychological data. EFAS impairment may be a more important predictor of LE compared to other neurocognitive domains and cognitive screeners.
A-10 MoCA-22: Internal Consistency and Convergent Validity of The MoCA’s Auditory Items
Authors: Sabet Atash , Lord Alinda , Gonzalez David 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: The auditory items of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-22) have been packaged for use with visually impaired individuals or via telehealth. The goal of study is to evaluate the convergent and discriminant validity of the MoCA-22 with cognition, behavioral-psychological symptoms, and instrumental activities of daily living in order to expand the clinimetric foundation of the MoCA-22.
Method: From the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center database, we extracted a diverse group (n = 11,284; mean age = 69.2 ± 10.0 years; 57.6% female; 77.9% White; education level 15.9 ± 3.0 years;) who completed the MoCA during their first visit to an ADRC. Confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, and McDonald’s omega were used to evaluate the fit and reliability of MoCA-22. Convergent/discriminant validity was evaluated via Spearman’s rho with factors derived from Version 3.0 of the Uniform Data Set’s Neuropsychological Battery (UDS3-NB), Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and collateral-report version of Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI-Q).
Results: A single-factor adequately fit the data, and reliability estimates ranged from 0.81 to 0.87, suggesting the MoCA-22 can be interpreted individually. MoCA-22 showed convergent validity, with the strongest correlations with the UDS3-NB’s “general cognition” and “executive” factors (rhos = 0.67 and 0.69). Discriminant validity was demonstrated with its weakest correlations being with behavioral-psychological symptoms (self-reported depression rho = −0.23; collateral-reported neuropsychiatric symptoms rho = −0.42).
Conclusion: The current study further supports use of the MoCA-22 when the evaluation context limits use of the MoCA’s visual items.
A-11 Cognitive Fatigue Predicts Subjective Report of Cognitive Functioning Over and Above Depression and Anxiety in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Thomas Garrett , Riegler Kaitlin E , Bradson Megan L , O'Shea Dede U , Arnett Peter A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Self-and informant-reports may be used to evaluate perceived neurocognitive functioning, such as with the Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire (MSNQ). However, these measures may be influenced by depression, anxiety, and fatigue. This study aims to further examine the potential influence of affect and fatigue on MSNQ scores.
Method: 86 persons with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) (F = 65,M = 21) completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery that included self-report measures of anxiety, depression, fatigue, and self-reported neurocognitive function with the MSNQ-Self-Report (MSNQ-S) and MSNQ-Informant-Report (MSNQ-I). Hierarchical regressions were conducted with MSNQ-S and MSNQ-I as outcome variables and with depression, anxiety, cognitive fatigue, and physical fatigue as predictors. Predicted full-scale IQ (FSIQ) was included as a covariate.
Results: The model including only FSIQ and depression showed that depression was positively correlated with the MSNQ-S, F(2,82) = 15.12, p &lt; 0.001, ∆R2 = 0.15. When including anxiety in the model, depression was still positively associated with the MSNQ-S, F(3,81) = 4.57, p = 0.04, as was anxiety, F(3,81) = 8.07, p = 0.006, ∆R2 = 0.07. However, when including cognitive fatigue, the relationships between the MSNQ-S and depression and anxiety were no longer significant, though cognitive fatigue was positively correlated with MSNQ-S scores, F(5,79) = 71.32, p &lt; 0.001, ∆R2 = 0.35. The MSNQ-I was not correlated with the affective measures or physical fatigue, though there was a positive relationship between the MSNQ-I and cognitive fatigue, F(5,79) = 14.58, p &lt; 0.001, ∆R2 = 0.14.
Conclusions: Findings suggest that cognitive fatigue impacts subjective report of neurocognitive impairment for both patients and informants. Notably, when accounting for cognitive fatigue, affective disturbance was no longer significantly associated with reported neurocognitive functioning, which highlights the importance of examining fatigue and mood in PwMS.
A-15 Impact of Lifetime Blast Exposure on Cognitive and Psychiatric Functioning of Warfighters
Authors: Bailie Jason , Brickell Tracey A , French Louis M , Hungerford Lars , Lange Rael T , Lippa Sara M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Some military occupation specialties (MOS) such as Special Forces are at high risk for lifetime blast exposure (LBE). These individuals are at risk for some medical conditions but the impact of LBE on service members and veterans (SMVs) cognitive and psychiatric function is unknown.
Methods: 281 SMVs completed an assessment of Attention/Working Memory, Processing Speed, Executive Function, Memory, and Psychiatric function. Average age was 35.86 (SD = 9.84) and 61.2% had at least moderate combat exposure and 32.4% had no history of traumatic brain injury (TBI). 61 participants had no LBE, 113 were in a high-risk MOS and had LBE (M = 211.23, SD = 395.1), and 107 were not in a high-risk MOS but had LBE (M = 92.7, SD =222.9).
Results: Cognitively, a small effect for LBE was observed on Processing Speed (p = 0.015, ηp2 = 0.037), but not for the other domains. Psychiatrically, a medium effect was observed (p &lt; 0.001, ηp2 = 0.103). Higher LBE was associated with Somatic Complaints, Low Positive Emotions and Aberrant Experiences. However, after controlling for covariates (sex, ethnicity, post-traumatic stress, combat exposure, alcohol use, and TBI) there was no impact of LBE.
Conclusion: LBE may negatively impact processing speed and psychiatric function; however, the relative impact of LBE compared to other factors such as post-traumatic stress, substance abuse, and TBI needs further investigation. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policy or position of the Defense Health Agency or any other U.S. government agency. For more information contact dha.TBICOEinfo@mail.mil. UNCLASSIFIED.
A-16 More than Total Symptom Severity: Identifying Subtypes of Persistent Post-Concussion Symptoms using Normative Data
Authors: Karr Justin E , Zuccato Brandon G , Ingram Eric O , Considine Ciaran M , Merker Bradley , Abeare Christopher A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Prior factor analyses have supported the multidimensionality of post-concussion symptoms, but the symptom total score is often interpreted alone in practice. This study examined the added value of norm-referenced post-concussion symptom subscales to detect different subtypes of symptom presentations following concussion.
Method: Adolescent student-athletes (N = 1008; 15.3 ± 1.4 years-old; 66.7% boys) with one or more prior concussions, at least 6 months post injury, completed the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale at preseason baseline. Severity ratings on four symptom subscales (i.e., cognitive, sleep-arousal, physical, and affective) were compared to normative data matched on gender and preexisting health conditions. The frequencies at which participants were elevated on one or more symptom subscales were calculated.
Results: In the total sample, 21% of student-athletes were elevated on only one symptom subscale, 11% on two subscales, 8% on three subscales, and 6% on four subscales. Among student-athletes with a single elevated subscale, all symptom domains had similar frequencies of elevation. No differences in symptom elevations were found based on gender or number of prior concussions.
Conclusion(s): A single-domain symptom elevation was the most common post-concussion symptom presentation among a cohort of adolescent student-athletes, with 26% of student-athletes elevated on a single subscale but not the total symptom score. These findings indicate that there are subtypes of post-concussion symptom presentations that would be missed through an interpretation of a total symptom severity score alone.
A-2 Neuropsychological and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Following Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration
Authors: Guilday Corinne , Lacy Maureen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration (HOD) is a rare neurological condition causing hypertrophy and eventual degeneration of the inferior olivary nucleus via transneuronal degeneration in the dentato-rubro-olivary pathway (DROP), or Guillain–Mollaret triangle. HOD is considered unique because the olive initially becomes hypertrophic rather than atrophic. Etiology is often cerebral vascular insult, cavernous malformation, surgical resection, and neurological disease, albeit cause may be unclear. While the neurologic and imaging findings have been well delineated in the literature, few studies investigate the neuropsychological impact.
Methods: With consent, a review of the medical chart was conducted of a 39-year-old female with hypertension referred for assessment due to progressive cognitive, motor, and psychiatric symptoms.
Results: Physical symptoms included progressive limb and trunk ataxia, palatal tremor, and opsoclonus myoclonus that plateaued within 4 years. Initial Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral, nonenhancing hyperintensity of the pontomedullary junction and enlargement of the inferior olive. Subsequent MRI displayed cerebellar atrophy. Cognitive assessment documented significant executive, language, spatial and fine motor dexterity deficits, alongside depression, anxiety, emotional blunting, and passive suicidality. She reported believing her neighbors were listening and following her in public. She remained semi-independent in daily living.
Conclusions: This is the first case study that captures the neurocognitive profile associated with HOD and associated degeneration of DROP. This case highlights the potential for Cognitive Cerebellar Affective Syndrome (CCAS) to arise from damage to adjacent cerebellar pathways via transneuronal degeneration of brainstem circuits. It also provides evidence for the presence of delusions within CCAS as dysmetria of thought.
A-100 A Mini-Meta Analysis on Alzheimer’s Disease and Aggression/Agitation Behaviors
Authors: Gallegos Adrianna C , Shields Michelle , Singer Gage , Thayer Rachel E 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: This meta-analysis used primary studies that examined gender differences and behavior disturbances observed in Alzheimer’s disease (ad). Aggression/agitation behaviors become prevalent in advanced cases, with anxiety and problematic conduct more likely in men and sleep and mood disturbances in women, which can adversely impact cognition, rate of decline, and functionality (Lee et al., 2017). Therefore, this analysis hypothesized that men with ad are more likely to report aggression/agitation symptomology than women.
Data Selection: Inclusionary criteria of primary studies (N = 6) dictated that each must have researched ad samples, included measures of aggression/agitation, and reported mean differences between genders, allowing for Cohen’s d calculations, with searches conducted in February 2022. Cohen’s d was used for summary effects.
Data Synthesis: This analysis utilized a weighted random-effects model for summary synthesis. This model effectively synthesizes real-world data because it assumes variation in estimates comes from multiple sources rather than one true value, indicating heterogeneity. The resulting summary effect (N = 1575, Cohen’s d = 0.09, Z test = 1.24, p-value = 0.213) indicated statistical non-significance, such that gender differences were not observed on average.
Conclusions: This analysis suggests that differences between gender and aggressive/agitated behavior are not robust. Mixed results among the primary studies suggest that gender differences may exist in ad-related behavior. Still, few studies met the inclusion criteria of this analysis as they did not examine or provide mean differences for gender or provide data required to calculate an effect size. Future research should include other facets of behavior for a more comprehensive meta-analysis.
A-103 Predicting Time to Loss of Independent Living in Alzheimer’s Clinical Syndrome
Authors: Helphrey Jessica H , Fatima Hudaisa , Conley Michael , Sawyer Jennifer , Schaffert Jeffrey , Palka Jayme , Rossetti Heidi , Carlew Anne , Cullum Munro , Lacritz Laura , Hart John , LoBue Christian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Estimating when full time care will be needed in Alzheimer’s Clinical Syndrome (ACS) is difficult. This is due to limited research identifying the factors associated with loss of independent living (LOI), which may differ across dementia stages. Thus, we examined which clinical and neuropsychological factors predict LOI in the early-to-middle and late stages of ACS.
Method: Using the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center dataset, individuals with ACS aged ≥50 years with no prior stroke were studied. LOI was based on self/informant report of progressing from requiring some assistance with complex activities at ACS diagnosis to needing assistance with basic activities. Four survival analyses were conducted to predict LOI (M time to LOI = 3.6 visits), for the early-to-middle (MMSE at diagnosis ≥20; N = 3128) and late stages of ACS (MMSE≤19; N = 737). Fifteen clinical predictors at time of ACS diagnosis were examined, followed by neuropsychological test scores added to the models.
Results: In early-to-middle ACS, a faster time to LOI was predicted by incontinence, apathy, delusions, and anxiety, along with poorer processing speed, memory, category fluency, and executive function scores (p &lt; 0.05). In the late dementia stage, incontinence, delusions, and lower processing speed predicted faster time to LOI (p &lt; 0.05).
Conclusions: Factors gathered at the time of ACS diagnosis from a clinical interview and neuropsychological assessment are predictive of time to LOI, with few differences for the early-to-middle and late stages of ACS. Developing an algorithm to estimate time to LOI will be important for future research to aid in planning future care for individuals with ACS.
A-104 The Effect of Apathy on Semantic Category Fluency Performance in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients with MCI
Authors: Peart Zachary , Nunez Christina , Arias Brittny , Golden Charles 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of apathy on performance on a task of semantic category fluency in a sample of Alzheimer’s disease (ad) patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Method: The sample (N = 3951) was selected from the Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centers database by the National Institute on Aging. Individuals with diagnosed ad and an MMSE score from 19 to 24 were included. Groups consisted of no apathy (n = 2393,Mage = 75.68,58% female), mild apathy (n = 833,Mage = 74.99,55% female), moderate apathy (n = 567,Mage = 74.72,47% female), and severe apathy (n = 158,Mage = 75.19,53% female). Participants were administered the vegetable and animal naming semantic category fluency tasks. Multiple ANCOVA were conducted while controlling for education, gender, and MMSE score to test whether the presence of apathy had an effect on performance on these measures.
Results: Significant differences were found in performance on the vegetable (F(3,3800) = 2.91,p = 0.033,η2 = 0.002) and animal (F(3,3852) = 5.70,p &lt; 0.001,η2 = 0.004) naming tasks, suggesting that individuals endorsing apathy scored lower on average than those without apathy.
Conclusion: Results indicated modestly lower performance on measures of semantic category fluency in a sample of ad, MCI and apathy persons. While apathy has been associated with functional impairment, more research is needed to determine its impact on cognitive ability. These findings suggest that the apathy syndrome may be related to lower cognitive performance and highlight the importance of managing apathy in behavioral interventions for ad. Future research should investigate interventions that target apathy and its link to other cognitive domains.