bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative sea level and wave energy changes recorded in a micro-tidal barrier in southern Brazil
Authors: Santos Natália B. , Lavina Ernesto L.C. , Paim Paulo S.G. , Tatumi Sonia H. , Yee Márcio , dos Santos Veridiana O. , Kern Henrique P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConstructional sedimentary history of coastal barriers can provide insights regarding meteorological and oceanographic processes, and relative sea-level changes. We investigated the Holocene evolution of a segment of the Rio Grande do Sul Coastal Plain in southernmost Brazil. Data were obtained from ground-penetrating radargrams, optically stimulated luminescence dating, altimetry measurements, Google Earth imagery, and aerial photographs. These data allowed a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the beach profiles recorded in the radargrams. From which eolian, backshore/foreshore, breaker bars, and upper and lower shoreface radar facies were identified. The beach-related radar facies are recorded in twenty-eight progradational sand units (sigmoidal bodies). These units record increments of relatively steady deposition bounded by erosional surfaces produced by anomalous, high-magnitude storm events taking place about every 250 years. The upper shoreface strata include two to three breaker bars. Several pieces of evidence (number of breaker bars, upper shoreface gradient and progradation rate) suggest an alternation between dissipative and intermediate stages of barrier morphodynamics and a decrease of wave energy from 2 ka onwards. The barrier prograded during the last 7.1 ka, and initially, barrier progradation occurred because of a normal regression during a relative sea-level rise followed by a stillstand. Later, barrier progradation took place as a forced regression driven by a relative sea-level fall.
Culturally adapting the Mediterranean Diet pattern – a way of promoting more ‘sustainable’ dietary change?
Authors: Woodside Jayne , Young Ian S. , McKinley Michelle C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAverage diet quality is low in the UK and is socioeconomically patterned, contributing to the risk of non-communicable disease and poor health. Achieving meaningful dietary change in the long term is challenging, with intervention required on a number of different levels which reflect the multiple determinants of dietary choice. Dietary patterns have been identified which contribute positively to health outcomes; one of these is the Mediterranean diet (MD) which has been demonstrated to be associated with reduced non-communicable disease risk. Most research exploring the health benefits of the MD has been conducted in Mediterranean regions but, increasingly, research is also being conducted in non-Mediterranean regions. The MD is a dietary pattern that could have positive impacts on both health and environmental outcomes, while being palatable, appetising and acceptable. In this review, we consider the studies that have explored transferability of the MD. To achieve long-term dietary change towards a MD, it is likely that the dietary pattern will have to be culturally adapted, yet preserving the core health-promoting elements and nutritional composition, while considering the food system transition required to support changes at population level. Population-specific barriers need to be identified and ways sought to overcome these barriers, for example, key food availability and cost. This should follow a formal cultural adaptation framework. Such an approach is likely to enhance the extent of adherence in the longer term, thus having an impact on population health.
Sensation-seeking-related DNA methylation and the development of delinquency: A longitudinal epigenome-wide study
Authors: Tieskens Jacintha M. , van Lier Pol A. C. , Buil J. Marieke , Barker Edward D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHeightened sensation-seeking is related to the development of delinquency. Moreover, sensation-seeking, or biological correlates of sensation-seeking, are suggested as factors linking victimization to delinquency. Here, we focused on epigenetic correlates of sensation-seeking. First, we identified DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns related to sensation-seeking. Second, we investigated the association between sensation-seeking related DNAm and the development of delinquency. Third, we examined whether victimization was related to sensation-seeking related DNAm and the development of delinquency. Participants (N = 905; 49% boys) came from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. DNAm was assessed at birth, age 7 and age 15–17. Sensation-seeking (self-reports) was assessed at age 11 and 14. Delinquency (self-reports) was assessed at age 17–19. Sensation-seeking epigenome-wide association study revealed that no probes reached the critical significance level. However, 20 differential methylated probes reached marginal significance. With these 20 suggestive sites, a sensation-seeking cumulative DNAm risk score was created. Results showed that this DNAm risk score at age 15–17 was related to delinquency at age 17–19. Moreover, an indirect effect of victimization to delinquency via DNAm was found. Sensation-seeking related DNAm is a potential biological correlate that can help to understand the development of delinquency, including how victimization might be associated with adolescent delinquency.
Regulation of baby food marketing in Thailand: a NetCode analysis
Authors: Cetthakrikul Nisachol , Kelly Matthew , Banwell Cathy , Baker Phillip , Smith Julie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjective:To report on the prevalence of different types of breast-milk substitutes (BMS) marketing and the compliance of such marketing with the ‘Control of Marketing of Infant and Young Child Food Act 2017’ (The Act) and the ‘International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (WHO Code)’ in Thailand.Design:Cross-sectional quantitative study, guided by the WHO/UNICEF NetCode Periodic Assessment Protocol.Setting:Health facilities and retail outlets in Bangkok, Thai media.Participants:Mothers of 0–2-year-old children, health professionals, promotions at retail outlets and health facilities, product labels, marketing on television and the internet.Results:Marketing to mothers was highly prevalent, mostly from electronic or digital media, while BMS companies provided items to health professionals to distribute to mothers. Promotional materials in health facilities displayed company brands or logos. At retail outlets, most promotions were price-related. Approximately two-fifths of labels contained nutrition or health claims. Television marketing was growing-up-milk (GUM) advertisements, while internet promotions were varied from price-related materials to product reviews. Most instances of non-compliant BMS marketing with the Act were advertisements to mothers, and most were infant formula. Most non-compliant BMS marketing with the WHO Code was mainly concerned GUM, which are not covered by the Act and appeared in the media.Conclusions:BMS marketing does not fully comply with the Act or the WHO Code. The Thai government should conduct regular monitoring and enforcement activities, educate health professionals, and strengthen the Act’s provisions on the media and GUM to fully align with the WHO Code.
Improved Stress Drop Estimates for M 1.5 to 4 Earthquakes in Southern California From 1996 to 2019
Authors: Shearer Peter M. , Abercrombie Rachel E. , Trugman Daniel T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe estimate Brune‐type stress drops for over 70,000 southern California M 1.5–4 earthquakes from 1996 to 2019 using a P‐wave spectral decomposition approach. Based on our recent work documenting hard‐to‐resolve trade‐offs between absolute stress drop, stress drop scaling with moment, high‐frequency falloff rate, and empirical corrections for path and attenuation terms, we adopt a new approach in which the average corner frequency of the smallest earthquakes within a short distance from each target event is fixed to a constant value. This removes any true coherent spatial variations in stress drops among the smallest events but ensures that any spatial variations seen in larger event stress drops are real and not an artifact of inaccurate path corrections. Applying this approach across southern California, we document spatial variations in stress drop that agree with previous work, such as lower‐than‐average stress drops in the Salton Trough, as well as small‐scale stress drop variations along many faults and aftershock sequences. We observe an apparent increase in Brune‐type stress drop with moment for M 3–4 earthquakes, but their spectra can be fit equally well with self‐similar models with a high‐frequency falloff rate shallower than f−2.
Disease progression, hospital readmissions, and clinical outcomes for patients with steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease: A multicenter, retrospective study
Authors: Holtan Shernan G. , Yu Jingbo , Paranagama Dilan , Tang Jackson , Choe Hannah K. , Naim Ahmad , Joachim Deeg H. , Galvin John 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAcute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). This analysis of 168 patients (mean age, 54.8 years) from a multicenter, retrospective chart review describes the clinical course, treatment patterns, hospitalizations, and clinical outcomes of patients aged ≥12 years who developed grades II–IV acute GVHD after their first allogeneic HCT (January 1, 2014, to June 30, 2016) and were refractory to or dependent on corticosteroids. Between diagnosis and maximum grade (median, 6.0 days), 53.6% of patients had new organ involvement, particularly lower gastrointestinal tract acute GVHD, or an increase in acute GVHD grade. Eighty-nine patients (53.0%) received additional systemic GVHD therapy (after systemic corticosteroids) within a median of 21.0 days. Hospital readmission(s) was required for 56.5% of patients within 100 days post-HCT (mean inpatient length of readmission stay, 49.5 days); 24.4% had ≥2 readmissions within 100 days post-HCT. From the date of acute GVHD diagnosis, 70.2% of patients died at a median (interquartile range) of 117.5 (49–258) days. In summary, steroid-refractory and steroid-dependent acute GVHD is associated with a rapidly worsening clinical course that leads to high readmission and mortality rates, emphasizing the need for effective and tolerable therapies.
A Phase II study of neoadjuvant axitinib for reducing the extent of venous tumour thrombus in clear cell renal cell cancer with venous invasion (NAXIVA)
Authors: Stewart Grant D. , Welsh Sarah J. , Ursprung Stephan , Gallagher Ferdia A. , Jones James O. , Shields Jacqui , Smith Christopher G. , Mitchell Thomas J. , Warren Anne Y. , Bex Axel , Boleti Ekaterini , Carruthers Jade , Eisen Tim , Fife Kate , Hamid Abdel , Laird Alexander , Leung Steve , Malik Jahangeer , Mendichovszky Iosif A. , Mumtaz Faiz , Oades Grenville , Priest Andrew N. , Riddick Antony C. P. , Venugopal Balaji , Welsh Michelle , Riddle Kathleen , Hopcroft Lisa E. M. ,   NAXIVA Trial Group, Couper Niki , Hopcroft Lisa E. M. , Hill Robert , Matakidou Athena , Caasi Cara , Watson James , Wallis Lauren , Cross Ruby , Burge Sarah W. , George Anne , Klatte Tobias , Aho Tevita F. , Armitage James N. , Rossi Sabrina , Massie Charlie , Anand Shubha , Haddow Tiffany , Dodd Marc , Deng Wenhan , Martin Ezequiel , Howden Philip , Wenlock Stephanie , Sala Evis , Symeonides Stefan , Ho Lynn , Baxter Jennifer , Leslie Stuart , McLaren Duncan , Brush John , O’Donnell Marie , Griffin Alisa , Orr Ruth , Cowan Catriona , Powles Thomas , Pejnovic Anna , Tincey Sophia , Grant Lee , Nuttall Martin , Willsher Lucy , Barnett Christian , Nicol David , Larkin James , Fielding Alison , Jones Robert J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Surgery for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with venous tumour thrombus (VTT) extension into the renal vein (RV) and/or inferior vena cava (IVC) has high peri-surgical morbidity/mortality. NAXIVA assessed the response of VTT to axitinib, a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

Methods
NAXIVA was a single-arm, multi-centre, Phase 2 study. In total, 20 patients with resectable clear cell RCC and VTT received upto 8 weeks of pre-surgical axitinib. The primary endpoint was percentage of evaluable patients with VTT improvement by Mayo level on MRI. Secondary endpoints were percentage change in surgical approach and VTT length, response rate (RECISTv1.1) and surgical morbidity.

Results
In all, 35% (7/20) patients with VTT had a reduction in Mayo level with axitinib: 37.5% (6/16) with IVC VTT and 25% (1/4) with RV-only VTT. No patients had an increase in Mayo level. In total, 75% (15/20) of patients had a reduction in VTT length. Overall, 41.2% (7/17) of patients who underwent surgery had less invasive surgery than originally planned. Non-responders exhibited lower baseline microvessel density (CD31), higher Ki67 and exhausted or regulatory T-cell phenotype.

Conclusions
NAXIVA provides the first Level II evidence that axitinib downstages VTT in a significant proportion of patients leading to reduction in the extent of surgery.

Clinical trial registration
NCT03494816.
Repositioning canakinumab for non-small cell lung cancer—important lessons for drug repurposing in oncology
Authors: Lythgoe Mark P. , Prasad Vinay 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCanakinumab is an anti-interleukin-1β monoclonal antibody approved for use in a range of immune-related disorders. During the clinical investigation (CANTOS trial) for prevention of cardiovascular complications, therapy was linked to a reduction in both the occurrence and mortality of lung cancer. This unexpected observation fuelled the rapid initiation of four large clinical trials to evaluate potential anticancer efficacy (in combination with chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy), before fully validating these observations in a dedicated study. The first two trials (CANOPY-1 and 2) have now been reported and have both have failed to meet their primary efficacy endpoints. In this article, we explore the scientific and clinical rationale behind the development of canakinumab in oncology, the repurposing approach utilised and implications this may have for the wider drug repurposing field in the development of new cancer medicines.
Universal interference-based construction of Gaussian operations in hybrid quantum systems
Authors: Zhang Mengzhen , Chowdhury Shoumik , Jiang Liang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBeam-splitter operations are an indispensable resource for processing quantum information encoded in bosonic modes. In hybrid quantum systems, however, it can be challenging to implement reliable beam-splitters between two distinct modes due to various experimental imperfections. Without beam-splitters, realizing arbitrary Gaussian operations between bosonic modes can become highly non-trivial or even infeasible. In this work, we develop interference-based protocols for engineering Gaussian operations in multi-mode hybrid bosonic systems without requiring beam-splitters. Specifically, for a given generic multi-mode Gaussian unitary coupler, we demonstrate a universal scheme for constructing Gaussian operations on a desired subset of the modes, requiring only multiple uses of the given coupler interleaved with single-mode Gaussian unitaries. Our results provide efficient construction of operations crucial to quantum information science, and are derived from fundamental physical properties of bosonic systems. The proposed scheme is thus widely applicable to existing platforms and couplers, with the exception of certain edge cases. We introduce a systematic approach to identify and treat these edge cases by utilizing an intrinsically invariant structure associated with our interference-based construction.
Effects of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase on physicochemical stability of fish oil-in-water emulsion
Authors: Ke Lijing , Tan Ying , Xu Yang , Gao Guanzhen , Wang Huiqin , Luo Sihao , Zhou Jianwu , Wang Qiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHow to maintain the physicochemical stability of oil emulsion has been one of the major challenges in food industry. Previously we reported the demulsification effects of catalase in the fish oil emulsion. In comparison, the influences of other two metal ion-containing oxidoreductases, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD), on the emulsion’s stability were investigated. Submicron fish oil-in-water emulsion stabilized by polysorbate 80 was prepared by high-speed homogenization. Its physical stability was evaluated by visual and microscopic observation, turbidity and light scattering measurements, while chemical stability by the hydroperoxide content and lipid peroxidation. HRP demulsified the emulsion in a concentration-responsive manner after 3–7 days’ incubation, resulting in a decreased turbidity and significant delamination. The enlargement of oil-polysorbate droplets and protein precipitates were confirmed by size distribution and TEM observation. HRP initially elevated the emulsion’s hydroperoxide then decreased it while raising TBARS levels during 7-Day incubation. In contrary, SOD stabilized the emulsion physically and chemically. The demulsification was correspondingly attributed to the oxidation catalyzing activity of the peroxidase and the electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction between lipids and proteins. This study adds new insight to the influences of the two oxidoreductases on the stability, lipids and peroxides of food emulsions, proposes an exciting subject of elucidating the underlying mechanism.
Live attenuated pertussis vaccine for prevention and treatment of allergic airway inflammation in mice
Authors: Belcher Thomas , Ait-Yahia Saliha , Solans Luis , Debrie Anne-Sophie , Cauchi Stephane , Tsicopoulos Anne , Locht Camille 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLive attenuated vaccines often have beneficial non-specific effects, protecting against heterologous infectious and non-infectious diseases. We have developed a live attenuated pertussis vaccine, named BPZE1, currently in advanced clinical development. Here, we examined the prophylactic and therapeutic potential of its pertactin-deficient derivative BPZE1P in a mouse model of house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic airway inflammation (AAI). BPZE1P was given nasally either before or after sensitization with HDM, followed by HDM challenge, or between two challenge episodes. Vaccination prior to sensitization reduced resistance in the airways, the numbers of infiltrating eosinophils and the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-33, in the lungs but had no effect on Th2 cytokine levels. BPZE1P also protected when delivered after sensitization or between two challenge episodes. However, in this case the levels of Th2 cytokines in the lung were decreased without significant effects on IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-33 production. The vaccine restored lung function and decreased eosinophil influx in the lungs of HDM-treated mice. BPZE1P has a better take than BPZE1 in hosts vaccinated with acellular pertussis vaccines. Therefore, it has interesting potential as a preventive and therapeutic agent against AAI, even in acellular pertussis-vaccinated populations.
Nutritional deficiency in an intestine-on-a-chip recapitulates injury hallmarks associated with environmental enteric dysfunction
Authors: Bein Amir , Fadel Cicely W. , Swenor Ben , Cao Wuji , Powers Rani K. , Camacho Diogo M. , Naziripour Arash , Parsons Andrew , LoGrande Nina , Sharma Sanjay , Kim Seongmin , Jalili-Firoozinezhad Sasan , Grant Jennifer , Breault David T. , Iqbal Junaid , Ali Asad , Denson Lee A. , Moore Sean R. , Prantil-Baun Rachelle , Goyal Girija , Ingber Donald E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEnvironmental enteric dysfunction (EED)—a chronic inflammatory condition of the intestine—is characterized by villus blunting, compromised intestinal barrier function and reduced nutrient absorption. Here we show that essential genotypic and phenotypic features of EED-associated intestinal injury can be reconstituted in a human intestine-on-a-chip lined by organoid-derived intestinal epithelial cells from patients with EED and cultured in nutrient-deficient medium lacking niacinamide and tryptophan. Exposure of the organ chip to such nutritional deficiencies resulted in congruent changes in six of the top ten upregulated genes that were comparable to changes seen in samples from patients with EED. Chips lined with healthy epithelium or with EED epithelium exposed to nutritional deficiencies resulted in severe villus blunting and barrier dysfunction, and in the impairment of fatty acid uptake and amino acid transport; and the chips with EED epithelium exhibited heightened secretion of inflammatory cytokines. The organ-chip model of EED‐associated intestinal injury may facilitate the analysis of the molecular, genetic and nutritional bases of the disease and the testing of candidate therapeutics for it.
Actin remodelling controls proteasome homeostasis upon stress
Authors: Williams Thomas David , Cacioppo Roberta , Agrotis Alexander , Black Ailsa , Zhou Houjiang , Rousseau Adrien 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhen cells are stressed, bulk translation is often downregulated to reduce energy demands while stress-response proteins are simultaneously upregulated. To promote proteasome assembly and activity and maintain cell viability upon TORC1 inhibition, 19S regulatory-particle assembly chaperones (RPACs) are selectively translated. However, the molecular mechanism for such selective translational upregulation is unclear. Here, using yeast, we discover that remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton is important for RPAC translation following TORC1 inhibition. mRNA of the RPAC ADC17 is associated with actin cables and is enriched at cortical actin patches under stress, dependent upon the early endocytic protein Ede1. ede1∆ cells failed to induce RPACs and proteasome assembly upon TORC1 inhibition. Conversely, artificially tethering ADC17 mRNA to cortical actin patches enhanced its translation upon stress. These findings suggest that actin-dense structures such as cortical actin patches may serve as a translation platform for a subset of stress-induced mRNAs including regulators of proteasome homeostasis.
The conserved helicase ZNFX-1 memorializes silenced RNAs in perinuclear condensates
Authors: Ouyang John Paul Tsu , Zhang Wenyan Lucy , Seydoux Geraldine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRNA-mediated interference (RNAi) is a conserved mechanism that uses small RNAs (sRNAs) to silence gene expression. In the Caenorhabditis elegans germline, transcripts targeted by sRNAs are used as templates for sRNA amplification to propagate silencing into the next generation. Here we show that RNAi leads to heritable changes in the distribution of nascent and mature transcripts that correlate with two parallel sRNA amplification loops. The first loop, dependent on the nuclear Argonaute HRDE-1, targets nascent transcripts and reduces but does not eliminate productive transcription at the locus. The second loop, dependent on the conserved helicase ZNFX-1, targets mature transcripts and concentrates them in perinuclear condensates. ZNFX-1 interacts with sRNA-targeted transcripts that have acquired poly(UG) tails and is required to sustain pUGylation and robust sRNA amplification in the inheriting generation. By maintaining a pool of transcripts for amplification, ZNFX-1 prevents premature extinction of the RNAi response and extends silencing into the next generation.