bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of near-infrared autofluorescence on postoperative hypoparathyroidism during total thyroidectomy: a case-control study
Authors: Barbieri Diego , Indelicato Pietro , Vinciguerra Alessandro , Salerno Emilio , Battista Rosa Alessia , Marco Federico Di , Giordano Leone , Luce Francesca Lira , Bondi Stefano , Trimarchi Matteo , Bussi Mario 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Near-infrared autofluorescence is a new technology in thyroid surgery to better localize and preserve parathyroid glands. The purpose of this study is to assess if the adoption of NIR-AF can improve in short-, medium-, and long-term post-operative calcium and PTH levels compared to conventional “naked-eye” surgery in patients undergoing TT for benign or malignant conditions.Methods: 134 patients undergone total thyroidectomy between January 2020 and June 2022; 67 were treated with conventional thyroidectomy, the other 67 underwent surgery adopting an autofluorescence detecting device.Results: Significant differences were found between the two groups in percentage of patients with short-term hypocalcemia (p=0.04) and short-term hypoparathyroidism (p=0.011). Median short-term (p=0.01) and medium-term (p=0.03) PTH levels were significantly higher in autofluorescence group, while, short- (p= 0.001), medium- (p<0.001) and long-term (p=0.019) percentage variation of PTH levels from baseline were significantly higher in the standard-care group. Finally, the prescription of oral calcium (p <0.01) after surgery were significantly lower in the autofluorescence group.Conclusion: The adoption of near-infrared autofluorescence during total thyroidectomy is related to lower short-term hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism rates, decreased variation of post-operative PTH levels in short- and medium- and long-term, reducing the necessity of supplementation therapy with oral calcium compared to conventional surgery.
Child gender-related vulnerability and chronic malnutrition in Burkina Faso: the moderating role of the maternal education.
Authors: Sawadogo Pengdewendé Maurice , Kobiané Jean-François , Nguemeleu Eric Tchouaket , Sia Drissa , Onadja Yentéma 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Chronic malnutrition in children is a growth disorder resulting from a prolonged lack of nutrient intake. It is a widespread health issue in West and Central Africa where it affects one third (1/3) of children under five (05). This paper highlights the mitigation of child’s gender-based chronic malnutrition risk through maternal education. Methods: This paper uses data from the 2010 Demographic and Health Survey in Burkina Faso. Univariate and bivariate descriptive analysis techniques, multilevel logistic regression and interaction analyses were used. Analyses were conducted separately for children aged 0-5 months, 6-23 months and 24-59 months. Results: The results showed that boys are at greater risk of suffering from chronic malnutrition than girls, even after considering control factors. This gender-based effect was observed in children in the 6-23 month and 24–59-month age subgroups. Furthermore, the interaction analysis showed that this gender effect is more pronounced in and even specific to children of uneducated mothers because of the latter’s inappropriate hygiene and sanitation practices. Conclusion: These results suggest that intensifying policies to encourage girls’ schooling and strengthening hygiene and sanitation measures among children would reduce or even eliminate gender-based inequalities in chronic malnutrition among children in Burkina Faso.
MicroRNA-376b is involved in the pathogenesis and remission of Graves' disease by regulating HAS2
Authors: Liu Rongjiao , Ye Zhengqin , Liu Qi , Xuan Miao , Li Ran , Zhang Liya , Zhang Keqin , Fang Ping , Xue Ying 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Accumulating data suggest that microRNAs play important roles in the pathophysiology of Graves’ disease (GD). The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the expression of miR-376b and its downstream target, hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), in patients with GD, and the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of GD. Methods: Initial GD patients, GD patients in remission and healthy controls were recruited from Shanghai Tongji Hospital. The expression changes of miR-376b and HAS2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were detected among three groups. 6T-CEM cells were treated with T3, hsa-miR-376b mimics or hsa-miR-376b inhibitors, respectively. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK8, and cell apoptosis was assayed by TUNEL. In addition, the gene expression was analyzed by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the protein expression was detected by Western blotting. Results: Compared with the healthy controls, the expression of miR-376b in PBMC of initial GD patients was significantly decreased, while the expression of HAS2 was significantly increased. Compared with initial GD patients, miR-376b expression in PBMC of GD patients in remission was remarkably increased, whereas HAS2 expression was dramatically decreased. MiR-376b expression in PBMC was dramatically negatively correlated with FT3 and FT4 levels, whereas HAS2 expression showed a significant positive relationship with FT3 and FT4. Furthermore, the expression of HAS2 in PBMC showed a significant negative correlation with miR-376b. After stimulation with T3, the expression of miR-376b in 6T-CEM cells was obviously reduced compared to the controls. MiR-376b mimics significantly decreased HAS2 protein expression and the mRNA expression of ICAM1 and TNF-α in 6T-CEM cells, while miR-376b inhibitors markedly elevated HAS2 protein expression and the gene expression of ICAM1 and TNF-α. We also found that miR-376b could inhibit apoptosis of 6T-CEM cells. Conclusions: The expression of miR-376b and HAS2 in PBMCs was significantly correlated with the levels of FT3 and FT4. T3 could regulate the expression of miR-376b, while miR-376b could modulate the expression of HAS2 and inflammatory factors and inhibit cell apoptosis. We speculate that miR-376b and HAS2 may be predictors of GD pathogenesis and possible therapeutic targets of GD.
Skin Lesion Classification of Dermoscopic Imagesusing Machine Learning and Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Shetty Bhuvaneshwari , Fernandes Roshan , Rodrigues Anisha P , Lakshmanna Kuruva 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Detecting dangerous illnesses connected to the skin organ, particularly malignancy, requires the identification of pigmentedskin lesions. If a patient with a pigmented lesion is diagnosed as having or at risk of getting skin cancer, immediate steps canbe done to reduce their risk or eliminate the malignancy if it is detected early. Dermoscopy and dermatologist are the mostpopular methods for diagnosing skin cancer. Image detection techniques and computer classification capabilities can boostskin cancer detection accuracy. The dataset used for this research work is based on the HAM10000 dataset which consists of10015 images. We have analyzed the classification accuracy of the Machine Learning algorithms and Convolutional NeuralNetwork models. We have concluded that Convolutional Neural Network provides better accuracy compared to other machinelearning algorithms implemented in the proposed work. Precision, Recall, and F1-Score were chosen as evaluation metrics,along with Accuracy. In the proposed system, as the highest, we obtained an accuracy of 95.18% with the CNN model. Thek-fold cross-validation method is used to validate the accuracy obtained by the Machine Learning algorithm. The proposedwork helps early identification of seven classes of skin disease and can be validated and treated appropriately by medicalpractitioners.
Anticipated Network Surveillance - An extrapolated study to predict cyber-attacks using Machine Learning and Data Analytics
Authors: Srivast Aviral , Thakkar Dhyan , Valiveti Sharda , Shah Pooja , Raval Gaurang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Machine learning and data mining techniques are utiized for enhancement of the security of any network. Researchers used machine learning for pattern detection, anomaly detection, dynamic policy setting, etc. The methods allow the program to learn from data and make decisions without human intervention, consuming a huge training period and computation power. This paper discusses a novel technique to predict an upcoming attack in a network based on several data parameters. The dataset is continuous in real-time implementation. The proposed model comprises dataset pre-processing, and training, followed by the testing phase. Based on the results of the testing phase, the best model is selected using which, event class which may lead to an attack is extracted. The event statistics are used for attack prediction. Implementation of the proposed architecture is evaluated against accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score for processed data.
Transcutaneous CO₂ application combined with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound accelerates bone fracture healing in rats
Authors: Sawauchi Kenichi , Fukui Tomoaki , Oe Keisuke , Oda Takahiro , Yoshikawa Ryo , Takase Kyohei , Yamamoto Yuya , Inoue Shota , Matsushita Takehiko , Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Hayashi Shinya , Kuroda Ryosuke , Niikura Takahiro 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a non-invasive therapy that accelerates fracture healing by promoting endochondral ossification, osteoblast differentiation, and angiogenesis. We recently reported that the transcutaneous application of CO2 using a hydrogel accelerated fracture healing in association with the promotion of angiogenesis, blood flow, and endochondral ossification. We hypothesized that transcutaneous CO₂ application, combined with LIPUS, would promote bone fracture healing more than the single treatment with either of them.
Methods
Femoral shaft fractures were produced using drop weight in twelve-week-old rats. Animals were randomly divided into four groups: the combination of CO2 and LIPUS, CO2, LIPUS, and control groups. After the CO2 absorption-enhancing hydrogel was applied, the limb was sealed in a CO2-filled bag for 20 min. LIPUS was applied for 20 minutes. At weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4 after the fractures, we assessed the bone union rate and fracture healing score using radiography. We histologically assessed the degree of fracture healing and evaluated gene expression by real-time PCR to assess chondrogenic differentiation, osteogenic differentiation, and angiogenesis at weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4. For the biomechanical assessment, a three-point bending test was performed at week 4.
Results
The fracture healing score using radiographs in the combination group was significantly higher than that in the control group at all time points and those in both the LIPUS and CO2 groups at weeks 1, 2, and 4. The degree of bone fracture healing in the histological assessment was significantly higher in the combination group than that in the control group at weeks 2, 3, and 4. In the gene expression assessment, significant upregulation of Runx2 and VEGF was detected in the combination group compared to the LIPUS and CO2 monotherapy groups. In the biomechanical assessment, the ultimate stress was significantly higher in the combination group than in the LIPUS and CO2 groups.
Conclusions
The combination therapy of transcutaneous CO2 application and LIPUS had a superior effect in promoting fracture healing through the promotion of angiogenesis and osteoblast differentiation compared to monotherapy. In clinical practice, combination therapy may be more beneficial to patients than monotherapy.
PAK5 is a potential target in myelodysplastic syndrome through interacting with LMO2 and GATA1
Authors: Pan Xiaoyan , Liu Dawei , Ying Minchao , Zheng Gaoming , Fan Chaoming , Pan Feng , Ke Qiang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a neoplastic heterogeneous and pre-leukemic disease with poor clinical outcome due to the failure of current chemotherapeutic strategies to target leukemic stem cells. Recently, we find that p21-activated kinase 5 (PAK5) overexpresses in MDS patients and leukemia cell lines. The clinical and prognostic value of PAK5 in MDS is unclear although it has anti-apoptosis ability and can promote cell survival and mobility in solid tumors. In this study, we find that LMO2 is co-expressed with PAK5 in the aberrant cells from MDS, and mitochondria-localized PAK5 can translocate into cell nucleus upon fetal bovine serum stimulation to interact with LMO2 and GATA1, which are important transcription regulators in hematological malignancies. Interestingly, without LMO2, PAK5 fails to bind GATA1 and facilitate GATA1 Ser161 site phosphorylation, indicating that PAK5 may be a key kinase in LMO2-associated hematopoietic diseases. Moreover, we find that PAK5 protein level in MDS is significantly higher than leukemia, and the data of 2095 leukemia samples from ‘BloodSpot’ database shows that PAK5 mRNA level in MDS is also increased obviously. Taken together, our findings suggest that PAK5-targeted strategies in clinical therapy have a potential value on MDS intervention.
Reproductive experiences of young women after breast cancer diagnosis: A qualitative study
Authors: Qiu Jiajia , Tang Lichen , Li Ping , Liu Guangyu , Rong Xinyi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer has the highest incidence rate among malignant tumors in China, with a trend of affecting younger women. The survival rate of young women with breast cancer has improved significantly, but the treatment to which they are subjected has short- and long-term adverse effects such as damage to the ovaries, which may result in infertility. Such consequences, in turn, increase patients’ concerns over future reproduction and childbearing. At present, patients lack easy access to the informative consultations and accurate patient education. Nor do medical staffs continuously assess their overall well-being, engage in mental healthinterventions, or ensure that they have the knowledge necessary to manage their reproductive concerns. This qualitative study aims to explore the reproductive and psychological experiences of young women with breast cancer who have experienced childbirth after their cancer diagnosis.Methods: A descriptive qualitative study with purposive sampling using audio‑recorded fact‑to‑face interviews was conducted. A total of 12 young women with breast cancer who experienced childbirth after cancer diagnosis participated in this study. Data collection was from September, 2021 to January, 2022 and content analysis method was used to analyze the data. Results: Five distinct themes emerged from the analyses:(1) multifaceted reproductive motivation, (2) multiple emotional experiences, (3) multi-dimensional support needs, (4) influencing factors on reproductive decision-making, and (5) outcome experience of reproductive decision-making. Conclusions: The reproductive decision-making process of young women with breast cancer was affected by many factors. Reproductive motivation came from many aspects. Patients had various emotional experiences in the whole reproductive process and face various difficulties in supporting their needs. Therefore, the reproductive needs of young women with breast cancer should be considered during the reproductive decision-making process, and their reproductive willingness should be recognized as dynamically changing. Professional support and peer support should be provided in the reproductive process to build an effective communication channel for reproductive decision-making, improve the decision-making ability, alleviate the negative emotional experience, and promote a smooth process of reproductive experience for young patients.
Effect and mechanism of electrical vagus nerve stimulation on ischemic stroke injury in mice by promoting vascular endothelial regeneration
Authors: Du Li , Xiong Xiaoxing , Sheng Huaxin , Sun Qian , Jian Zhihong , Yang Zhenxing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective: In this study vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) was used in mouse ischemic stroke model to observe its effects on the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and gliogenesis, and to explore the potential protective mechanism of VNS on ischemic stroke angiogenesis. Methods: 80 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups: A: Sham+VNS group; B: pMCAO+VNS group; C: pMCAO +VNI group D: Sham group. The behavioral changes of mice were monitored after operation. Laser speckle Doppler imager was used to detect the cerebral blood flow and blood vessel density of mice at 6 hours, 3 days, 7 days and 14 days after operation. Evans Blue method was used to measure blood-brain barrier integrity, the ratio of dry and wet weight of brain tissue was measured to measure the degree of edema in the brain tissue of mice in each group, CD31/Ki67, GFAP/Ki67, and Ibal/Ki67 were identified by immunofluorescence method to label new vascular endothelial cells and new glial cells, The expressions of angiogenic factors such as endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected by Elisa Kits.Results: 1. VNS treatment can effectively improve neurological deficit scores of the stroke mice after VNS treatment at 7 days, 14 days and 21 days (P<0.05); 2.Laser speckle Doppler imager showed that vascular density in pMCAO+VNS group was more obvious increased than in pMCAO+VNI group at every moment (P<0.05). 3.T Evans Blue method suggested that VNS could reduce the degree of damage to the blood-brain barrier after ischemic stroke (P<0.05) and also effectively reduce the degree of brain edema after pMCAO (P<0.05). 4. CD31/Ki67, GFAP/Ki67 and Ibal/Ki67 co-localize, suggesting that VNS can induce new blood vessels in the ischemic penumbra 5. VNS induce the up-regulation of BDNF, eNOS and VEGF protein expression in the ischemic penumbra of brain tissue after pMCAO (P<0.05).Conclusion: VNS can improve the nerve injury of ischemic stroke by regulating vascular endothelial cell regeneration and glial cell remodeling, and provide guidance for further exploration of stroke neuroprotection.
WITHDRAWN: Scale effects on the combustion characteristics and flame stability of a methane-air mixture in continuous flow reactors
Authors: Chen Junjie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A fundamental understanding of the stabilization mechanisms of a flame within very small spaces is of both fundamental and practical significance. This study relates to the scale effects on the combustion characteristics and flame stability of a methane-air mixture in continuous flow reactors. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are conducted to gain insights into reactor performance such as species concentrations, temperatures, and flames. The factors affecting combustion characteristics are determined for the continuous flow reactors. Particular focus is placed on determining essential factors that affect the performance of the continuous flow reactors. The results indicate that for large separation distances, the reaction rate is low and reaction spreads out over the burner due to slow heat transfer from the wall where ignition starts towards the centerline where un-combusted mixture exists. For smaller separation distances, reaction is more localized, with greater intensity, causing steeper temperature and composition gradients. When the separation distance is small, the transverse length scale of the fluid is small enough that the transverse heat transfer affects the centerline temperature, and thus, the maximum fluid temperature. In this case, the maximum fluid temperature is significantly lower than that for larger separations and incomplete conversion is observed. There appears to be an optimum plate separation that exhibits the shortest flame location. This distance permits the wall to preheat the inlet fluid fast enough, yet not to reduce significantly the centerline temperature. Burners with small plate-separation distances suffer from axial heat transfer through the walls of the burner, reducing the maximum fluid temperature and flame stability. Burners with large gaps slowly transport heat axially to preheat the feed, resulting in a late flame ignition and possible blowout.
A multi-country survey on the impact of COVID-19 on dental practice and dentists’ feelings in Latin America
Authors: Moraes Rafael R. , Cuevas-Suárez Carlos E. , Escalante-Otárola Wilfredo G. , Fernández María R. , Dávila-Sánchez Andrés , Grau-Grullon Patricia , Fernández Eduardo , López Tania M. , Grazioli Guillermo , Arana Luis A. , Rondón Luis F. , Torrez Willy B. , Lima Giana S. , Schuch Helena S. , Correa Marcos B. , Demarco Flavio F. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced the routine of healthcare workers. This study investigated the impact of the pandemic on dental practice and dentists’ feelings in Latin America.Methods: A survey was conducted with dentists from 11 Spanish-speaking Latin American countries in September–December 2020. Professionals were invited by email and via an open campaign promoted on social media. The questions investigated dental care routines, practice changes, and feelings about the pandemic. Descriptive statistics were used to identify frequencies and distributions of variables. Proportions were compared using chi-square tests.ResultsA total of 2127 responses were collected from a sample with diverse demographic, sex, work, and education characteristics. The impact of COVID-19 was considered high/very high by 60% of respondents. The volume of patients assisted weekly was lower compared with the pre-pandemic period (mean reduction = 14 ± 15 patients). A high rate of fear to contracting the COVID-19 at work was observed (85%); 4.9% of participants had a positive COVID-19 test. The main professional challenges faced by respondents were reduction in the number of patients or financial gain (35%), fear of contracting COVID-19 (34%), and burden with or difficulty in purchasing new personal protective equipment (22%). The fear to contracting COVID-19 was influenced by the number of weekly appointments. A positive test by the dentists was associated with their reports of having assisted COVID-19 patients. The most cited feelings about the pandemic were uncertainty, fear, worry, anxiety, and stress. Negative feelings were more prevalent for professionals who did not receive training for COVID-19 preventive measures and those reporting higher levels of fear to contract the disease.ConclusionThis multi-country survey indicated a high impact of the pandemic on dental care routines in Latin America. A massive prevalence of bad feelings was associated with the pandemic.
Application of laterite soil in removing chloride ion from drinking water
Authors: Mita Ayesha Ferdous , Ekra Nusrat Jahan , Banik Bijit Kumar , Hoque Muhammad Azizul , Kabir Md. Imran 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Increasing salinity is a crucial issue for the people of coastal regions in Bangladesh. To resolve this problem, efficient and low-cost materials can be used as adsorbents to remove salinity from water. Among those, laterite soil (LS) is one of the efficient adsorbents in water treatment. This study demonstrates a low-cost salinity removal technique using laterite soil as adsorbent. The effect of burning temperature on raw laterite and synthetic laterite has been analyzed. The performance of the adsorbents has been observed in terms of efficiency in salinity removal. Both batch and column adsorption have been carried out to evaluate the adsorption capacity of raw LS and burned LS, respectively. Raw laterite shows maximum adsorption capacity of 21.24 mg/g in batch adsorption at an initial concentration of 900 mg/L. The optimum burning temperature for thermally treated LS has been found as 600 °C. However, SLS (Synthetic Laterite Soil) burned at 600 °C gives greater chloride ion removal efficiency (44.54%) than LS (38.23%) in removing salinity from water.