bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet as a therapeutic tool in chronic gastrointestinal disorders: Lessons from the FODMAP journey
Authors: Gibson Peter R , Halmos Emma P , So Daniel , Yao Chu K , Varney Jane E , Muir Jane G 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and AimDiet is a powerful tool in the management of gastrointestinal disorders, but developing diet therapies is fraught with challenge. This review discusses key lessons from the FODMAP diet journey.MethodsPublished literature and clinical experience were reviewed.ResultsKey to designing a varied, nutritionally adequate low‐FODMAP diet was our accurate and comprehensive database of FODMAP composition, made universally accessible via our user‐friendly, digital application. Our discovery that FODMAPs coexist with gluten in cereal products and subsequent gluten/fructan challenge studies in nonceliac gluten‐sensitive populations highlighted issues of collinearity in the nutrient composition of food and confirmation bias in the interpretation of dietary studies. Despite numerous challenges in designing, funding, and executing dietary randomized controlled trials, efficacy of the low‐FODMAP diet has been repeatedly demonstrated, and confirmed by real‐world experience, giving this therapy credibility in the eyes of clinicians and researchers. Furthermore, real‐world application of this diet saw the evolution of a safe and effective three‐phased approach. Specialist dietitians must deliver this diet to optimize outcomes as they can target and tailor the therapy and to mitigate the key risks of compromising nutritional adequacy and precipitating disordered eating behaviors, skills outside the gastroenterologist's standard tool kit. While concurrent probiotics are ineffective, specific fiber supplements may improve short‐term and long‐term outcomes.ConclusionsThe FODMAP diet is highly effective, but optimal outcomes are contingent on the involvement of a gastroenterological dietitian who can assess, educate, and monitor patients and manage risks associated with implementation of this restrictive diet.
Identification of hub genes related to immune cell infiltration in periodontitis using integrated bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Gao Xudong , Jiang Chenxi , Yao Siqi , Ma Li , Wang Xiaoxuan , Cao Zhengguo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and objectivePeriodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontium. However, the hub genes in periodontitis and their correlation with immune cells are not clear. This study aimed to identify hub genes and immune infiltration properties in periodontitis and to explore the correlation between hub genes and immune cells.Material and methodsDifferentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis and weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed both on GSE10334 and GSE173078 datasets. Hub genes were identified via WGCNA and DEGs. The proportions of infiltrating immune cells were calculated by CIBERSORT algorithm, and single‐cell RNA‐sequencing dataset GSE164241 was used to explore cell‐type‐specific expression profiles of hub genes.ResultsEight hub genes (DERL3, FKBP11, LAX1, CD27, SPAG4, ST6GAL1, MZB1, and SEL1L3) were selected via WGCNA and DEGs by combining GSE10334 and GSE173078 datasets. CIBERSORT analysis showed a significant difference in the proportion of B cells, dendritic cells resting, and neutrophils in the gingival tissues between healthy and periodontitis patients, and expressions of these genes were highly correlated with the infiltration of B cells in periodontitis. Furthermore, real‐time quantitative PCR results further confirmed the overexpression of hub genes. Analysis of GSE164241dataset further identified that most of hub genes were mainly expressed in B cells.ConclusionsBy integrating WGCNA, DEGs, and CIBERSORT analysis, eight genes were identified to be the hub genes of periodontitis and most of them were mainly expressed in B cells encouraging further researches on B cells in periodontitis pathogenesis.
Geographical context outweighs habitat disturbance effects in explaining mistletoe population genetic differentiation at a regional scale
Authors: Fontúrbel Francisco E. , Rodríguez‐Gómez Gloria B. , Orellana José I. , Cortés‐Miranda Jorge , Rojas‐Hernández Noemí , Vega‐Retter Caren 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGenetic differentiation depends on ecological and evolutionary processes that operate at different spatial and temporal scales. While the geographical context is likely to determine large‐scale genetic variation patterns, habitat disturbance events will probably influence small‐scale genetic diversity and gene flow patterns. Therefore, the genetic diversity patterns that we observe today result from the combination of both processes, but they are rarely assessed simultaneously. We determined the population structure and genetic diversity of a hemiparasitic mistletoe (Tristerix corymbosus) from the temperate rainforests of southern Chile to determine the effects of geographical context and habitat disturbance at a regional scale and if it is affected by the abundance and occurrence of its seed disperser mutualist (the arboreal marsupial Dromiciops gliroides). We genotyped 359 individuals from 12 populations using single nucleotide polymorphisms, across three different geographical contexts and four disturbance conditions. We also used camera traps to estimate the abundance and occurrence of the seed disperser. Our results suggest that genetic differences among populations are related more to geographical context than to habitat disturbance. However, as disturbance increased, D. gliroides abundance and occurrence decreased, and mistletoe inbreeding index (FIS) increased. We also found highly uneven gene flow among study sites. Despite the high levels of disturbance that these temperate rainforests are facing, our results suggest that mistletoe genetic differentiation at a regional scale was more influenced by historical events. However, habitat disturbance can indirectly affect mistletoe population genetic differentiation via the seed dispersal process, which may increase levels of inbreeding.
The social construction of teacher and learner identities in medicine and surgery
Authors: Cantillon Peter , De Grave Willem , Dornan Tim 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThere are growing concerns about the quality and consistency of postgraduate clinical education. In response, faculty development for clinical teachers has improved formal aspects such as the assessment of performance, but informal work‐based teaching and learning have proved intractable. This problem has exposed a lack of research into how clinical teaching and learning are shaped by their cultural contexts. This paper explores the relationship between teacher–learner identity, educational practice and the workplace educational cultures of two major specialties: internal medicine and surgery.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of a large dataset, comprising field notes, participant interviews, images and video‐recordings gathered in an ethnographic study. The lead author embedded himself in four clinical teams (two surgical and two medical) in two different hospitals. The authors undertook a critical reanalysis of the observational dataset, using Dialogism and Figured Worlds theory to identify how teachers and postgraduate learners figured and authored their professional identities in the specialty‐specific cultural worlds of surgery and internal medicine.ResultsSurgery and internal medicine privileged different ways of being, knowing and talking in formal and informal settings, where trainees authored themselves as capable practitioners. The discourse of surgical education constructed proximal coaching relationships in which trainees placed themselves at reputational risk in a closely observed, embodied practice. Internal medicine constructed more distal educational relationships, in which trainees negotiated abstract representations of patients' presentations, which aligned to a greater or lesser degree with supervisors' representations.ConclusionsOur research suggests that clinical education and the identity positions available to teachers and learners were strongly influenced by the cultural worlds of individual specialties. Attempts to change work‐based learning should be founded on situated knowledge of specialty‐specific clinical workplace cultures and should be done in collaboration with the people who work there, the clinicians.
RNAscope in situ hybridization and RT‐PCR for detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 in chilblain‐like lesions: A clinical, laboratory and histopathological study
Authors: Robustelli Test Elisa , Sena Paolo , Locatelli Andrea Gustavo , Carugno Andrea , di Mercurio Marco , Moggio Erica , Gambini Daniele Mario , Arosio Marco Enrico Giovanni , Callegaro Annapaola , Morotti Denise , Gianatti Andrea , Vezzoli Pamela 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSince the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, an increasing number of chilblain‐like lesions (ChLL) have been increasingly reported worldwide. To date, the causal link between ChLL and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection has not been unequivocally established.MethodsIn this case series, we present demographic, clinical, laboratory, and histopathological information regarding 27 young patients with a clinical diagnosis of ChLL who referred to the Dermatology Unit of Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy, from 1 April 2020 to 1 June 2020.ResultsThe mean age was 14.2 years, and 21 patients (78%) experienced mild systemic symptoms a median of 28 days before the onset of cutaneous lesions. ChLL mostly involved the feet (20 patients – 74%). Among acral lesions, we identified three different clinical patterns: (i) chilblains in 20 patients (74%); (ii) fixed erythematous macules in 4 children (15%); (iii) erythrocyanosis in 3 female patients (11%). Blood examinations and viral serologies, including parvovirus B19, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), and coxsackievirus were normal in all. Three patients (11%) underwent nasopharyngeal swab for RT‐PCR for SARS‐CoV‐2 showing only 1 positive. Histopathological examinations of 7 skin biopsies confirmed the clinical diagnosis of chilblains; vessel thrombi were observed only in 1 case. Our findings failed to demonstrate the direct presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in skin biopsies, both with real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and RNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH).LimitationsLimited number of cases, unavailability of laboratory confirmation of COVID‐19 in all patients, potential methodological weakness, and latency of skin biopsies in comparison to cutaneous lesions onset.ConclusionsThese observations may support the hypothesis of an inflammatory pathogenesis rather than the presence of peripheral viral particles. Although, we could not exclude an early phase of viral endothelial damage followed by an IFN‐I or complement‐mediated inflammatory phase. Further observations on a large number of patients are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Public health and hospital‐based nursing intersection: Case study of drug‐resistant tuberculosis patients
Authors: Pietersen Elize , Anderson Kim , van der Heijden Yuri F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivePublic health nurses (PHN) are key partners in continuity of care for drug‐resistant tuberculosis (DR‐TB) patients. We examined complexities in DR‐TB care transition between community‐ and hospital‐based care.DesignWe conducted a case study using medical record data. Four patients were purposively selected to illustrate intersectional complexities in DR‐TB care transition involving PHN.ResultsCase A (HIV negative male) received PHN care at a community‐based facility 124 km from Cape Town. Cases B, C, and D (males living with HIV) received PHN community‐based care, averaging 25 km from the hospital. Treatment failed in cases A, B, and C; they subsequently died. Case D was cured. All cases were granted leave of absence at least once while hospitalized. None returned when expected mainly due to lack of transport funds. PHN played critical roles regarding patients’ return by conducting home visits, interacting with relatives, and assisting emergency officers to transport patients back to the hospital. PHN supported relatives to endure protracted patient hospitalizations.ConclusionThe role of PHN in continuity of DR‐TB care in low‐middle income countries is unambiguous. PHN are key partners in the DR‐TB care cascade, namely facilitating retention in care between hospital and community‐based care. Effective DR‐TB control relies on effective partnerships among healthcare personnel, patients, and their families.
Ultrasonographic detection of apex nodules in the urinary bladder of Scottish Terriers
Authors: Heng Hock Gan , Ramos‐Vara José A. , Fulkerson Christopher M. , Fourez Lindsey M. , Knapp Deborah W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn apex nodule was recently identified in the urinary bladder of Scottish Terriers being screened for bladder cancer at our institution. This prospective, single‐center, case series study was performed to better characterize the apex nodule and assess the clinical importance of the nodule. Scottish Terriers ≥6 years of age with no evidence of urinary tract disease underwent urinary tract ultrasonography and urinalysis at 6‐month intervals. In dogs with evidence of the apex nodule, ultrasound features such as location, margins, number, echogenicity, size, and shape of the lesion were recorded by a veterinary oncologist and veterinary radiologist. The apex nodule was identified in eight (6%) of 134 dogs in the absence of other detectable bladder disease. Features of the nodules included the following: one nodule per dog, triangular to an oval shape, smooth mucosal covering, well‐defined margins, isoechoic to the bladder wall, 2–4 mm at the base, and 4–6 mm protruding into the bladder lumen. In five dogs undergoing multiple ultrasonographic examinations, the nodule did not appear to change over time (up to 3.5 years). Cystoscopy performed in three dogs revealed a column of tissue covered by normal mucosa protruding into the bladder lumen. Histological features consistent with a neoplastic growth were absent. Five dogs remained free of any bladder disease. Three dogs developed urothelial carcinoma at sites distant to the nodule at 8–53 months after the nodule was first observed. Findings indicated that incidental apex nodules could mimic neoplasia and other bladder diseases in Scottish Terriers.
Altered muscle mitochondrial, inflammatory and trophic markers, and reduced exercise training adaptations in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Minnock Dean , Annibalini Giosuè , Valli Giacomo , Saltarelli Roberta , Krause Mauricio , Barbieri Elena , De Vito Giuseppe 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGrowing evidence of impaired skeletal muscle health in people with type 1 diabetes points toward the presence of a mild myopathy in this population. However, this myopathic condition is not yet well characterised and often overlooked, even though it might affect the whole‐body glucose homeostasis and the development of comorbidities. This study aimed to compare skeletal muscle adaptations and changes in glycaemic control after 12 weeks of combined resistance and aerobic (COMB) training between people with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls, and to determine whether the impaired muscle health in type 1 diabetes can affect the exercise‐induced adaptations. The COMB training intervention increased aerobic capacity and muscle strength in both healthy and type 1 diabetes sedentary participants, although these improvements were higher in the control group. Better glucose control, reduced glycaemic fluctuations and fewer hypoglycaemic events were recorded at post‐ compared to pre‐intervention in type 1 diabetes. Analysis of muscle biopsies showed an alteration of muscle markers of mitochondrial functions, inflammation, ageing and growth/atrophy compared to the control group. These muscular molecular differences were only partially modified by the COMB training and might explain the reduced exercise adaptation observed in type 1 diabetes. In brief, type 1 diabetes impairs many aspects of skeletal muscle health and might affect the exercise‐induced adaptations. Defining the magnitude of diabetic myopathy and the effect of exercise, including longer duration of the intervention, will drive the development of strategies to maximise muscle health in the type 1 diabetes population.Key points
Type 1 diabetes negatively affects skeletal muscle health; however, the effect of structured exercise training on markers of mitochondrial function, inflammation and regeneration is not known.
Even though participants with type 1 diabetes and healthy control were comparable for cardiorespiratory fitness () and muscle strength at baseline, molecular markers related to muscle health were decreased in type 1 diabetes.
After training, both groups increased and muscle strength; however, a larger improvement was achieved by the control group.
The training intervention decreased glucose fluctuations and occurrence of hypoglycaemic events in type 1 diabetes, while signs of mild myopathy found in the muscle of participants with type 1 diabetes only partially improved after training
Improving muscle health by specific exercise protocols is of considerable clinical interest in therapeutic strategies for improving type 1 diabetes management and preventing or delaying long‐term complications.
User Requirements Analysis on Augmented Reality-Based Maintenance in Manufacturing
Authors: Runji Joel Murithi , Lee Yun-Ju , Chu Chih-Hsing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Maintenance of technical equipment in manufacturing is inevitable for sustained productivity with minimal downtimes. Elimination of unscheduled interruptions as well as real-time monitoring of equipment health can potentially benefit from adopting augmented reality (AR) technology. How best to employ this technology in maintenance demands a fundamental comprehension of user requirements for production planners. Despite AR applications being developed to assist various manufacturing operations, no previous study has examined how these user requirements in maintenance have been fulfilled and the potential opportunities that exist for further development. Reviews on maintenance have been general on all industrial fields rather than focusing on a specific industry. In this regard, a systematic literature review was performed on previous studies on AR applications in the maintenance of manufacturing entities from 2017 to 2021. Specifically, the review examines how user requirements have been addressed by these studies and identifies gaps for future research. The user requirements are drawn from the challenges encountered during AR-based maintenance in manufacturing following a similar approach to usability engineering methodologies. The needs are identified as ergonomics, communication, situational awareness, intelligence sources, feedback, safety, motivation, and performance assessment. Contributing factors to those needs are cross-tabulated with the requirements and their results presented as trends, prior to drawing insights and providing possible future suggestions for the made observations.
Design of a Noncircular Gear Mechanism With Twice Unequal Amplitude Transmission Ratio
Authors: Liu Jiangang , Tong Zhipeng , Yu Gaohong , Zhao Xiong , Zhou Haili 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article proposes a new noncircular gear transmission mechanism with an involute–cycloid composite tooth profile to obtain the twice unequal amplitude transmission of noncircular gears. That is, the instantaneous transmission ratio has twice obvious fluctuations with unequal amplitude in a complete rotation cycle of gear transmission. The twice unequal amplitude transmission ratio curve was designed based on Fourier and polynomial functions, the change law of the Fourier coefficient on the instantaneous transmission ratio was analyzed, and the pressure angle and contact ratio of the involute–cycloid composite tooth profile was calculated. The involute–cycloid composite tooth profile noncircular gear was machined by wire cut electrical discharge machining technology, while its meshing experiment was performed using high-speed camera technology. The results demonstrate that the instantaneous transmission ratio curve value obtained via the high-speed camera experiment was consistent with the simulation value of virtual software. Furthermore, the involute–cycloid composite tooth profile was applied in the seedling pickup mechanism of noncircular gear planetary gear train. The possibility of the application of the involute–cycloid composite tooth profile in the seedling pickup mechanism was verified by comparing the consistency of the theoretical and simulated seedling picking trajectory.
A High-Intensity Warm-Up Increases Thermal Strain But Does Not Affect Repeated Sprint Performance in Athletes With a Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: O’Brien Thomas J. , Briley Simon J. , Mason Barry S. , Leicht Christof A. , Tolfrey Keith , Goosey-Tolfrey Victoria L. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To compare the effects of typical competition versus high-intensity intermittent warm-up (WU) on thermoregulatory responses and repeated sprint performance during wheelchair rugby game play. Methods: An intermittent sprint protocol (ISP) simulating the demands of wheelchair rugby was performed by male wheelchair rugby players (7 with cervical spinal cord injury [SCI] and 8 without SCI) following 2 WU protocols. These included a typical competition WU (control) and a WU consisting of high-intensity efforts (INT). Core temperature (Tcore), thermal sensation, and thermal comfort were recorded. Wheelchair performance variables associated to power, speed, and fatigue were also calculated. Results: During the WU, Tcore was similar between conditions for both groups. During the ISP, a higher Tcore was found for SCI compared to NON-SCI (38.1 [0.3] vs 37.7 [0.3] °C: P = .036, d = 0.75), and the SCI group experienced a higher peak Tcore for INT compared with control (39.0 [0.4] vs 38.6 [0.6] °C; P = .004). Peak Tcore occurred later in the ISP for players with SCI (96 [5.8] vs 48 [2.7] min; P < .001). All players reported a higher thermal sensation and thermal comfort following INT (P < .001), with no differences between conditions throughout the ISP. No significant differences were found in wheelchair performance variables during the ISP between conditions (P ≥ .143). Conclusions: The high-INT WU increased thermal strain in the SCI group during the ISP, potentially due to increased metabolic heat production and impaired thermoregulation, while not impacting on repeated sprint performance. It may be advisable to limit high-INT bouts during a WU in players with SCI to mitigate issues related to hyperthermia in subsequent performance.