bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety Perceptions in Rural Areas
Authors: Ceccato Vania , Abraham Jonatan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we adopt the overarching concept of “safety” to bring together the meaning of fear (of crime) and overall anxiety, as documented in the international literature and as expressed by those living in areas on the rural-urban continuum. Surveys and interviews of crime victims are often the basis for this type of research. Although victimization is influenced by gender and other individual characteristics, research has shown that it is the intersection of individual characteristics and other situational circunstances that determines an individual’s vulnerability to crime and fear of crime.
Where is My Mind?
Authors: Swan Jerry , Nivel Eric , Kant Neel , Hedges Jules , Atkinson Timothy , Steunebrink Bas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe research field of AI is concerned with devising theories, methods, and workflows for producing software artifacts which behave as intelligent subjects. Evidently, intelligence, as the property of an agent, is not of necessity inherited from the methods used to construct it: that a car has been assembled by robots does not make it a robot. Unfortunately, even this obvious distinction can sometimes be erased in some prominent published work. To wit: the statement, “an agent that performs sufficiently well on a sufficiently wide range of tasks is classified as intelligent” was recently published by DeepMind [273] to give context to a paper claiming to have developed “the first deep RL agent that outperforms the standard human benchmark on all 57 Atari games” [14]. This invites the inference that the range of the tasks (57 games) that have been achieved warrants calling the advertised agent ‘intelligent’. However, careful reading of the paper reveals that the authors have in fact developed 57 different agents. Granted, this was achieved using the same development method and system architecture, but 57 agents were nonetheless trained, rather than the claimed single agent. Here is a prime example of distilled confusion: a property (applicability to 57 tasks) of one construction method (instantiating the Agent57 system architecture) has just been ‘magically’ transferred to some 57 artifacts produced by the method.
Multiple point criticality principle and Coleman-Weinberg inflation
Authors: Racioppi Antonio , Rajasalu Jürgen , Selke Kaspar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We apply the multiple point criticality principle to inflationary model building and study Coleman-Weinberg inflation when the scalar potential is quadratic in the logarithmic correction. We analyze also the impact of a non-minimal coupling to gravity under two possible gravity formulation: metric or Palatini. We compare the eventual compatibility of the results with the final data release of the Planck mission.
Interactions of strings on a T-fold
Authors: Satoh Yuji , Sugawara Yuji 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We consider the interactions of strings on T-folds from the world-sheet point of view which are exact in α′. As a concrete example, we take a model where the internal torus at the SO(8) enhancement point is twisted by T-duality (T-folded), and compute the scattering amplitudes of a class of massless strings. The four-point amplitudes involving both twisted and untwisted strings are obtained in a closed form in terms of the hyper- geometric function. By their factorization, the three-point coupling of the twisted and untwisted strings is found to be suppressed by the chiral momenta along the internal torus, and quantized in integer powers of 1/4. The asymptotic forms of the four-point amplitudes in high-energy limits are also obtained. Our results rely only on general properties of the asymmetric orbifold by the T-duality twist and of the Lie algebra lattice from the symmetry enhancement, and thus may be extended qualitatively to more general T-folds.
Zweizeitige Ovarialtorsion bei bilateralem metachronem Teratom
Authors: Linder A. , Sorge I. , Hirsch F. W. 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungReife Teratome sind die häufigsten benignen Raumforderungen des Ovars. Bei Kindern werden diese häufig durch eine Ovarialtorsion symptomatisch, welche den Verlust des Organs zur Folge haben kann. In seltenen Fällen manifestieren sich diese benignen Tumoren metachron auch nach mehreren Jahren auf der Gegenseite.Berichtet wird von einem bei Erstdiagnose 6‑jährigen Mädchen, bei welchem zweimal im Abstand von 5 Jahren ein jeweils histologisch gesichertes, reifes Teratom des Ovars nachgewiesen wurde. Beide Male wurde der Tumor der betroffenen Seite durch eine Ovarialtorsion symptomatisch. Beim Erstereignis erfolgte eine linksseitige Tumor- und Ovarexstirpation. Der nach 5 Jahren zeitverzögert aufgetretene Tumor der Gegenseite entwickelte sich in einem Zeitraum von nur ca. 8 Monaten zur zuvor eindeutig unauffälligen Sonographie. Durch die rechtzeitige Diagnosestellung beim Zweitereignis konnte das verbliebene rechte Ovar letztendlich erhalten werden.Dieser ungewöhnliche Fallbericht soll die Bedeutung regelmäßiger Follow-up-Untersuchungen insbesondere bei Kindern mit Ovarektomie aufgrund eines reifen Teratoms hervorheben und die Aufmerksamkeit für diese bei Kindern zwar seltene, aber potenziell komplikationsbehaftete Differenzialdiagnose schärfen.
The autonomous choice architect
Authors: Mills Stuart , Sætra Henrik Skaug 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChoice architecture describes the environment in which choices are presented to decision-makers. In recent years, public and private actors have looked at choice architecture with great interest as they seek to influence human behaviour. These actors are typically called choice architects. Increasingly, however, this role of architecting choice is not performed by a human choice architect, but an algorithm or artificial intelligence, powered by a stream of Big Data and infused with an objective it has been programmed to maximise. We call this entity the autonomous choice architect. In this paper, we present an account of why artificial intelligence can fulfil the role of a choice architect and why this creates problems of transparency, responsibility and accountability for nudges. We argue that choice architects, be them autonomous computational systems or human-beings, at a most basic level select, from a range of designs, the design which is most likely to maximise a pre-determined objective. We then proceed to argue that, given the growing demand for targeted, personalised choice architecture and for faster, dynamic reconfigurations of choice architecture, as well as the ever-expanding pool of data from which feedback can be drawn, the role of the human choice architect is increasingly obscured behind algorithmic, artificially intelligent systems. We provide a discussion of the implications of autonomous choice architects, focusing on the importance of the humans who programme these systems, ultimately arguing that despite technological advances, the responsibility of choice architecture and influence remains firmly one human beings must bear.
Quantitative determination of sn-positional phospholipid isomers in MSn using silver cationization
Authors: Lillja Johan , Lanekoff Ingela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGlycerophospholipids are one of the fundamental building blocks for life. The acyl chain connectivity to the glycerol backbone constitutes different sn-positional isomers, which have great diversity and importance for biological function. However, to fully realize their impact on function, analytical techniques that can identify and quantify sn-positional isomers in chemically complex biological samples are needed. Here, we utilize silver ion cationization in combination with tandem mass spectrometry (MSn) to identify sn-positional isomers of phosphatidylcholine (PC) species. In particular, a labile carbocation is generated through a neutral loss (NL) of AgH, the dissociation of which provides diagnostic product ions that correspond to acyl chains at the sn-1 or sn-2 position. The method is comparable to currently available methods, has a sensitivity in the nM–µM range, and is compatible with quantitative imaging using mass spectrometry in MS4. The results reveal a large difference in isomer concentrations and the ion images show that the sn-positional isomers PC 18:1_18:0 are homogeneously distributed, whereas PC 18:1_16:0 and PC 20:1_16:0 show distinct localizations to sub-hippocampal structures.
Graphical abstract
Bodyweight, locomotion, and behavioral responses of the naked mole rat (Heterocephalus glaber) to lipopolysaccharide administration
Authors: Kisipan Mosiany Letura , Ojoo Rodi Omondi , Kanui Titus Ikusya , Abelson Klas S. P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe naked mole rat has unique biologic characteristics that include atypical inflammatory responses. Lipopolysaccharide induces inflammation which triggers brain centers controlling feeding, and behavior to result in “sick animal behavior”. We characterized the bodyweight, locomotor, and other behavioral responses of this rodent to lipopolysaccharide administration. Lipopolysaccharide caused weight losses, which were not prevented by TAK 242. In the open field test, lipopolysaccharide did not depress locomotion, while urination, defecation, and activity freezing were rare. The animals exhibited walling but not rearing and fast backward movements that were unaffected by lipopolysaccharide. Failure to depress locomotion suggests either a unique immunity-brain crosstalk or motor responses/centers that tolerate depressive effects of inflammation. The absence of activity freezing and rarity of urination and defecation suggests that novel environments or lipopolysaccharide do not induce anxiety, or that anxiety is expressed differently in the animal. The absence of rearing could be due to the design of the animal’s locomotor apparatus while fast backward movement could be a mechanism for quick escape from threats in the tunnels of their habitat. Our results elucidate the unique biology of this rodent, which elicits interest in the animal as a model for inflammatory research, although the findings require mechanistic corroborations.
Trans-fracture approach for ORIF of coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus
Authors: Hackl Michael , Lanzerath Fabian , Ries Christian , Harbrecht Andreas , Leschinger Tim , Wegmann Kilian , Müller Lars Peter 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of comminuted coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus is challenging. When a concomitant lateral condyle fracture is present, it may be used for a trans-fracture approach to facilitate exposure and fracture reduction. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of lateral condyle fractures in coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus and analyze fracture reduction, fracture union and clinical results following ORIF through a trans-fracture approach.

Materials and methods
All adult patients who underwent treatment for an acute distal humerus fracture during a three-year period in our level-one trauma center were identified. All fractures were classified according to the Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA/AO) fracture classification system and all B3 fractures were classified according to the Dubberley classification. B3 fractures with a concomitant radial condyle fracture were identified. The clinical and radiological results, (Mayo Elbow Performance Score = MEPS, Visual Analogue Scale = VAS, range of motion), complications and revision surgeries were analyzed.

Results
53 patients (mean age 52 ± 19 years) were identified. 13 fractures (24.5%) were B3 fractures. Four of them (30.8%) had a concomitant radial condyle fracture. All of these patients underwent ORIF with headless cannulated compression screws and a (postero-)lateral locking plate through a trans-fracture approach. At a minimum follow-up of 24 months, the MEPS was 88 ± 12 points, the VAS was 2 ± 1 and the range of motion was 118° ± 12°. All fractures showed anatomic reduction. One patient developed partial avascular necrosis and underwent arthrolysis at 6 months. One patient underwent partial hardware removal and lateral collateral ligament bracing at 6 months.

Conclusions
Lateral condyle fractures are present in about one third of coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus. This injury can be used for a trans-fracture approach to facilitate exposure and to reliably achieve anatomic fracture reduction.
Attitude towards and perception of individual safety after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among German cancer patients
Authors: Overheu Oliver , Lendowski Simon , Quast Daniel R. , Marheinecke Corinna S. , Kourti Eleni , Lugnier Celine , Andreica Ioana , Kiltz Uta , Pfaender Stephanie , Reinacher-Schick Anke 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Refusal to receive SARS-CoV-2 vaccination poses a threat to fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. Little is known about German cancer patients’ attitude towards and experience with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Methods
Patients were enrolled between 04–11/2021. They completed a baseline questionnaire (BLQ) containing multiple choice questions and Likert items ranging from 1 (“totally disagree”) to 11 (“totally agree”) regarding their attitude towards vaccination and COVID-19. A follow-up questionnaire (FUQ) was completed after vaccination.

Results
218 patients (43% female) completed BLQ (110 FUQ; 48% female). Most patients agreed to “definitely get vaccinated” (82%) and disagreed with “SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is dispensable due to COVID-19 being no serious threat” (82%; more dissent among men, p = 0.05). Self-assessment as a member of a risk group (p = 0.03) and fear of COVID-19 (p = 0.002) were more common among women. Fear of side effects was more common among women (p = 0.002) and patients with solid or GI tumors (p = 0.03; p < 0.0001). At FUQ, almost all (91%) reported their vaccination to be well tolerated, especially men (p = 0.001). High tolerability correlated with confidence in the vaccine being safe (r = 0.305, p = 0.003). Most patients would agree to get it yearly (78%). After vaccination, patients felt safe meeting friends/family (91%) or shopping (62%). Vacation (32%) or work (22%) were among others considered less safe (less frequent among men, p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is high and it is well tolerated in this sensitive cohort. However, concerns about vaccine safety remain. Those and gender differences need to be addressed. Our results help identify patients that benefit from pre-vaccination consultation.
Dynamic Kernels for Hitting Sets and Set Packing
Authors: Bannach Max , Heinrich Zacharias , Reischuk Rüdiger , Tantau Till 
Published: June 2022

AbstractComputing small kernels for the hitting set problem is a well-studied computational problem where we are given a hypergraph with n vertices and m hyperedges, each of size d for some small constant d, and a parameter k. The task is to compute a new hypergraph, called a kernel, whose size is polynomial with respect to the parameter k and which has a size-k hitting set if, and only if, the original hypergraph has one. State-of-the-art algorithms compute kernels of size $$k^d$$

k
d

(which is a polynomial as d is a constant), and they do so in time $$m\cdot 2^d {\text {poly}}(d)$$

m
·

2
d

poly

(
d
)

for a small polynomial $${\text {poly}}(d)$$

poly
(
d
)

(which is linear in the hypergraph size for d fixed). We generalize this task to the dynamic setting where hyperedges may continuously be added or deleted and one constantly has to keep track of a size-$$k^d$$

k
d

kernel. This paper presents a deterministic solution with worst-case time $$3^d {\text {poly}}(d)$$

3
d

poly

(
d
)

for updating the kernel upon inserts and time $$5^d {\text {poly}}(d)$$

5
d

poly

(
d
)

for updates upon deletions. These bounds nearly match the time $$2^d {\text {poly}}(d)$$

2
d

poly

(
d
)

needed by the best static algorithm per hyperedge. Let us stress that for constant d our algorithm maintains a hitting set kernel with constant, deterministic, worst-case update time that is independent of n, m, and the parameter k. As a consequence, we also get a deterministic dynamic algorithm for keeping track of size-k hitting sets in d-hypergraphs with update times O(1) and query times $$O(c^k)$$

O
(

c
k

)

where $$c = d - 1 + O(1/d)$$

c
=
d
-
1
+
O
(
1
/
d
)

equals the best base known for the static setting.
Outcome of inguinal hernia repair after previous radical prostatectomy: a registry-based analysis with 12,465 patients
Authors: Trawa M. , Albrecht H. C. , Köckerling F. , Riediger H. , Adolf D. , Gretschel S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Following radical prostatectomy, the rate of inguinal hernias is fourfold higher compared to controls. Laparo-endoscopic repair after previous radical prostatectomy is considered complex. Therefore, the guidelines recommend open Lichtenstein repair. To date, there are limited data on inguinal hernia repair after prior prostatectomy.

Methods
In a retrospective analysis from the Herniamed Registry, the outcomes of 255,182 primary elective unilateral inguinal hernia repairs were compared with those of 12,465 patients with previous radical prostatectomy in relation to the surgical technique. Furthermore, the outcomes of laparo-endoscopic versus open Lichtenstein repair techniques in the 12,465 patients after previous radical prostatectomy were directly compared.

Results
Comparison of the perioperative complication rates for primary elective unilateral inguinal hernia repair with and without previous radical prostatectomy demonstrated for the laparo-endoscopic techniques significantly higher intraoperative complications (2.1% vs 0.9%; p < 0.001), postoperative complications (3.2% vs 1.9%; p < 0.001) and complication-related reoperations (1.1% vs 0.7%; p = 0.0442) to the disadvantage of previous prostatectomy. No significant differences were identified for Lichtenstein repair. Direct comparison of the laparo-endoscopic with the open Lichtenstein technique for inguinal hernia repair after previous radical prostatectomy revealed significantly more intraoperative complications for TEP and TAPP (2.1% vs 0.6%; p < 0.001), but more postoperative complications (4.8% vs 3.2%; p < 0.001) and complication-related reoperations (1.8% vs 1.1%; p = 0.003) for open Lichtenstein repair.

Conclusion
Since there are no clear advantages for the laparo-endoscopic vs the open Lichtenstein technique in inguinal hernia repair after previous radical prostatectomy, the surgeon can opt for one or the other technique in accordance with their experience.
Work ability and physical fitness among aging workers: the Finnish Retirement and Aging Study
Authors: Suorsa Kristin , Mattila Ville-Mikko , Leskinen Tuija , Heinonen Olli J. , Pentti Jaana , Vahtera Jussi , Stenholm Sari 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
With advancing age, physical capacity gradually decreases which may lead to decreased work ability, if the physical work requirements remain the same. Examination of the importance of physical fitness for work ability among aging workers will help to find potential strategies to promote work ability in old age. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between physical fitness and work ability among aging workers.

Methods
Aging workers (n = 288, mean age 62.5, 83% women) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging study underwent cardiorespiratory, muscular fitness and functional testing. Work ability was inquired on a scale 0–10 from poor to excellent. Association between physical fitness indicators and work ability was examined using ordinary least squares regression, taking into account age, gender, occupational status, heavy physical work, body mass index and accelerometer-measured daily total physical activity.

Results
VO2peak, modified push-up test and maximal walking speed were positively associated with work ability (β = 0.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29–0.74, β = 0.46, 95% CI 0.26–0.66 and β = 0.23, 95% CI 0.07–0.39, respectively), while chair rise test time was inversely associated with work ability (β = −0.23, 95% CI −0.39–−0.06). No associations were found between hand grip strength or sit-up test and work ability.

Conclusions
Cardiorespiratory fitness, upper body strength, and lower extremity function were positively associated with work ability. Good physical fitness may help to maintain work ability among aging workers.
Healing Trauma and Loss and Increasing Social Connections: Transitions from Care and Early Parenting
Authors: Purtell Jade , Mendes Philip , Saunders Bernadette J. , Baidawi Susan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInternational literature suggests that many young people transitioning from government care become parents before age 21, characteristically termed ‘early parenting’, at least in the English-speaking world. Yet there is only limited knowledge of the factors that lead to this challenging responsibility. This paper presents findings from a qualitative study of service providers’ experiences working with young people transitioning from care who had become parents, in the state of Victoria, Australia. Victorian service providers recommended ways that current out-of-home care, transition from care and parenting services could be improved to reduce feelings of loss, including new service approaches that prioritise relationship-based practice, holistic support and practical assistance from a trusted person or service. Preventing feelings of loss and isolation and increasing supportive relationships in care and throughout transitions from care may help to prevent early pregnancy and parenting amongst care leavers who otherwise lack resources for parenting independently. Providing parenting support which addresses feelings of loss and social isolation may reduce the increasing numbers of children being placed in care, and associated ongoing cycles of child protection involvement with disadvantaged families.
Projected prevalence and incidence of dementia accounting for secular trends and birth cohort effects: a population-based microsimulation study
Authors: Brück Chiara Celine , Wolters Frank J. , Ikram M. Arfan , de Kok Inge M.C.M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere is need for accurate projections of the future dementia burden to prepare healthcare systems and policymakers. Existing projections only account for population ageing, not for observed declines in age-specific dementia incidence of 13% per decade. We developed a dementia microsimulation model that synthesizes population-based data from the Rotterdam Study with changes in demographics between birth cohorts from the early 1900s onwards. We determined dementia prevalence and incidence until 2050 for three different dementia incidence trend scenarios: (1) stable age-specific incidence, (2) linear decline by 13% per decade, (3) nonlinear declines averaging 13% per decade. Assuming a stable age-specific incidence resulted in a 130% increase in incidence and 118% in prevalence between 2020 and 2050. By contrast, the linearly declining trend resulted in substantially smaller increases of 58% in incidence (95%CI: 29–87%), and 43% in prevalence (95%CI: 13–66%), corresponding to 39% lower incidence and 36% lower prevalence by 2050 than in the stable-incidence scenario. Results for various non-linear declines fell between the stable and linear trend. The future burden of dementia is highly susceptible to achievable changes in age-specific incidence. Extension of previously established secular trends globally would reduce widely upheld projections of new dementia cases until 2050 by 39%.