bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ROR1: an orphan becomes apparent
Authors: Kipps Thomas J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Since its initial identification in 1992 as a possible class 1 cell-surface receptor without a known parent ligand, receptor tyrosine kinase–like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) has stimulated research, which has made apparent its significance in embryonic development and cancer. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was the first malignancy found to have distinctive expression of ROR1, which can help distinguish leukemia cells from most noncancer cells. Aside from its potential utility as a diagnostic marker or target for therapy, ROR1 also factors in the pathophysiology of CLL. This review is a report of the studies that have elucidated the expression, biology, and evolving strategies for targeting ROR1 that hold promise for improving the therapy of patients with CLL or other ROR1-expressing malignancies.
Hyolithid-like hyoliths without helens from the early Cambrian of South China, and their implications for the evolution of hyoliths
Authors: Liu Fan , Skovsted Christian B. , Topper Timothy P. , Zhang Zhifei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
A small hyolith, with a triangular operculum and a conical-pyramidal conch with a sharp apex, originally documented as Ambrolinevitus ventricosus, is revised based on new material from the Chengjiang biota. The operculum of ‘Ambrolinevitus’ ventricosus displays strong morphological similarities with the operculum of Paramicrocornus from the Shuijingtuo Formation (Cambrian Series 2), indicating that the species should be reassigned to Paramicrocornus.

Results
Based on the unusual morphology of Paramicrocornus, we herein propose a new family Paramicrocornidae fam. nov. A cladistic analysis of Cambrian and Ordovician hyoliths clearly delineates hyolithids as a monophyletic group which evolved from the paraphyletic orthothecids in the early Cambrian and with Paramicrocornidae as its closest relative.

Conclusions
The phylogenetic analysis, together with the distribution of hyoliths from the Cambrian to the Ordovician, reveals the presumptive evolution model of both the skeleton and soft-part anatomy of hyoliths. The Family Paramicrocornidae plays an intermediate role in hyolith evolution, representing the transitional stage in the evolution from orthothecids to hyolithids.
Genome-wide detection of genetic structure and runs of homozygosity analysis in Anhui indigenous and Western commercial pig breeds using PorcineSNP80k data
Authors: Jiang Yao , Li Xiaojin , Liu Jiali , Zhang Wei , Zhou Mei , Wang Jieru , Liu Linqing , Su Shiguang , Zhao Fuping , Chen Hongquan , Wang Chonglong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Runs of homozygosity (ROH) are continuous homozygous regions typically located in the DNA sequence of diploid organisms. Identifications of ROH that lead to reduced performance can provide valuable insight into the genetic architecture of complex traits. Here, we systematically investigated the population genetic structure of five Anhui indigenous pig breeds (AHIPs), and compared them to those of five Western commercial pig breeds (WECPs). Furthermore, we examined the occurrence and distribution of ROHs in the five AHIPs and estimated the inbreeding coefficients based on the ROHs (FROH) and homozygosity (FHOM). Finally, we identified genomic regions with high frequencies of ROHs and annotated candidate genes contained therein.

Results
The WECPs and AHIPs were clearly differentiated into two separate clades consistent with their geographical origins, as revealed by the population structure and principal component analysis. We identified 13,530 ROHs across all individuals, of which 4,555 and 8,975 ROHs were unique to AHIPs and WECPs, respectively. Most ROHs identified in our study were short (< 10 Mb) or medium (10–20 Mb) in length. WECPs had significantly higher numbers of short ROHs, and AHIPs generally had longer ROHs. FROH values were significantly lower in AHIPs than in WECPs, indicating that breed improvement and conservation programmes were successful in AHIPs. On average, FROH and FHOM values were highly correlated (0.952–0.991) in AHIPs and WECPs. A total of 27 regions had a high frequency of ROHs and contained 17 key candidate genes associated with economically important traits in pigs. Among these, nine candidate genes (CCNT2, EGR2, MYL3, CDH13, PROX1, FLVCR1, SETD2, FGF18, and FGF20) found in WECPs were related to muscular and skeletal development, whereas eight candidate genes (CSN1S1, SULT1E1, TJP1, ZNF366, LIPC, MCEE, STAP1, and DUSP) found in AHIPs were associated with health, reproduction, and fatness traits.

Conclusion
Our findings provide a useful reference for the selection and assortative mating of pig breeds, laying the groundwork for future research on the population genetic structures of AHIPs, ultimately helping protect these local varieties.
Immune correlates of cardiovascular co-morbidity in HIV infected participants from South India
Authors: Kausalya Bagavathi , Saravanan Shanmugam , Pallikkuth Suresh , Pahwa Rajendra , Saini Shelly Rani , Iqbal Syed , Solomon Sunil , Murugavel Kailapuri G. , Poongulali Selvamuthu , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Pahwa Savita 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Understanding the immune correlates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in HIV infection is an important area of investigation in the current era of aging with HIV infection. Less is known about CVD risk and HIV infection in developing nations where additional risk factors may be playing a role in the CVD development. In this study, we assessed the effects of systemic inflammation, microbial translocation (MT), T cell immune activation (IA), and nadir CD4 counts on cardiac function and arterial stiffness as markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV-infected individuals.

Methods
People with HIV (PWH) who were ART naïve (n = 102) or virally suppressed on ART (n = 172) were stratified on nadir CD4 counts and compared to HIV-uninfected controls (n = 64). Determination was made of cardiac function via radial pulse wave and carotid intima thickness (C-IMT) measurements. Plasma biomarkers of inflammation and MT by ELISA or multiplex assays, and immune activation (IA) of T cells based HLA-DR and CD38 expression were investigated by flow cytometry. T-test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation were used to analyze study parameters.

Results
Reduction in cardiac function with lower cardiac ejection time (p < 0.001), stroke volume (p < 0.001), cardiac output (p = 0.007), higher arterial stiffness (p < 0.05) were identified in ART-naïve participants, compared to PWH on ART (p < 0.05). No significant difference in C-IMT values were noted. Higher inflammatory and MT markers were found in the ART-naïve group compared to treated group who were comparable to uninfected participants, except for having higher TNF-α (p < 0.001) and sCD14 (p < 0.001). Immune activation of CD4 and CD8 T-cells was greater in ART-naïve participants compared to ART-treated and uninfected controls (p < 0.05). Lower nadir CD4 counts, higher inflammation, and higher MT predicted poor cardiac measures in the ART-naïve with nadir CD4 < 200cells/mm3 manifesting the highest arterial stiffness, and lowest cardiac function, whereas ART-treated, even with nadir < 200 cells/mm3 were similar to uninfected in these measures.

Conclusions
In HIV-infected individuals, initiation of ART even at nadir of < 200 cells/mm3 may prevent or reverse cardiovascular disease outcomes that are easily measurable in low income countries.
Comparison of superior and inferior vena cava diameter variation measured with transthoracic echocardiography to predict fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients after abdominal surgery
Authors: Ma Qian , Ji Jingjing , Shi Xueduo , Lu Ziyun , Xu Lu , Hao Jing , Zhu Wei , Li Bingbing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The volume status of patients after major abdominal surgery constantly varies owing to postoperative diverse issues comprising fluid loss or capillary leakage secondary to systemic inflammatory reaction syndrome, et.al, the precise fluid responsiveness assessment is crucial for those patients. The purpose of this study is to validate the transthoracic ultrasonographic measurement of superior and inferior vena cava variation in predicting fluid responsiveness of mechanically ventilated patients after surgery.

Methods
A total of 70 patients undergoing the scheduled major abdominal surgeries in the anesthesia ICU ward were included. The superior vena cava (SVC) collapsibility index (SVCCI), the inferior vena cava distensibility index (dIVC), SVC variation over the cardiac cycle (SVCV), and cardiac output (CO) were measured by transthoracic ultrasonography were recorded before and after fluid challenge test of 5 ml/kg crystalloid within 15 min. The responders were defined as a 15% or more increment in CO.

Results
Thirty patients (42.9%) responded to fluid challenge, while the remnant forty patients (57.1%) did not. The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of SVCCI, dIVC and SVCV were 0.885 (95% CI, 0.786–0.949; P < 0.0001) and 0.727 (95% CI, 0.608–0.827; P < 0.001) and 0.751 (95% CI, 0.633–0.847; P < 0.0001), respectively. AUCdIVC and AUCSVCV were significantly lower when compared with AUCSVCCI (P < 0.05). The optimal cutoff values were 19% for SVCCI, 14% for dIVC, and 15% for SVCV. The gray zone for SVCCI was 20%-25% and included 15.7% of patients, while 7%-27% for dIVC including 62.9% of patients and 9%-21% for SVCV including 50% of patients.

Conclusion
Superior vena cava-related parameters measured by transthoracic ultrasound are reliable indices to predict fluid responsiveness. The accuracy of SVCCI in mechanically ventilated patients after abdominal surgery is better than that of dIVC and SVCV.

Trial registration
ChiCTR-INR-17013093. The initial registration date was 24/10/2017.
Association of platelet-to-white blood cell ratio and platelet-to-neutrophil ratio with the risk of fatal stroke occurrence in middle-aged to older Chinese
Authors: Hu Zhi-bing , Zhong Qiong-qiong , Lu Ze-xiong , Zhu Feng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
White blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil (NEUT) counts, which are commonly inflammatory markers, have been related to an increased risk of fatal stroke. However, it is unclear whether platelet-to-white blood cell ratio (PWR) and platelet-to-neutrophil ratio (PNR) are related to the risk of fatal stroke in middle-aged to older populations.

Method
In total, 27,811 participants without a stroke history at baseline were included and followed up for a mean of 14.3 years (standard deviation = 3.2), and 838 stroke deaths were recorded. The Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the relationships between the PWR and the PNR and the risk of fatal strokes.

Results
Compared to the 1st quartile, an increased risk of fatal all stroke showed among the participants in the highest quartiles of both the WBC (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–1.66) and the NEUT (aHR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.18–1.79). The restricted cubic splines showed decreased trends in associations of the PWR and the PNR with the risk of fatal all stroke. A decreased risk of fatal all stroke showed in those with the highest quartiles for both the PWR (aHR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.53–1.00) and the PNR (aHR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.54–1.01). The participants with the 2nd, the 3rd and the 4th change quartiles for the PWR and the PNR had weak decreasing trends for the risk of fatal all stroke, compared to those in the 1st change quartile, and the significant associations were observed in those with an increase of 20% for the PWR with the risk of fatal haemarragic stroke (aHR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.22–0.95) and a decrease of 20% for the PNR with the risk of fatal all stroke (aHR = 1.33, 95% CI 0.99–1.79), compared to those with stable dynamic changes.

Conclusions
Higher neutrophil count and platelet-to-neutrophil ratio were associated with a contrary risk of fatal stroke, with an increased for the former and a decreased for the later. A potentially chronic inflammation should be paid close attention to stroke occurrence in relatively healthy middle-aged to older populations.
Early mortality in a cohort of people living with HIV in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2004–2015: a persisting problem
Authors: Leite Pedro H. A. C. , Coelho Lara E. , Cardoso Sandra W. , Moreira Ronaldo I. , Veloso Valdilea G. , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Luz Paula M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Global mortality from AIDS-related diseases has been declining since 2005, resulting primarily from the widespread use and early initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy. Despite the significant improvements, high rates of early mortality, usually defined as that occurring within the 1st year of entry to care, have been observed, especially in resource-limited settings. This analysis draws upon data from an observational cohort of people with HIV (PWH) followed at a reference center for HIV/AIDS care and research in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to identify the pattern and factors associated with early mortality.

Methods
The study population includes PWH aged 18 or older followed at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas who were enrolled between 2004 and 2015. The primary outcome was early mortality, defined as deaths occurring within 1 year of inclusion in the cohort, considering two follow-up periods: 0 to 90 days (very early mortality) and 91 to 365 days (early mortality). Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify the variables associated with the hazard of very early and early mortality.

Results
Overall, 3879 participants contributed with 3616.4 person-years of follow-up. Of 220 deaths, 132 happened in the first 90 days and 88 between 91 and 365 days. Very early mortality rate ratios (MRR) show no statistically significant temporal differences between the periods 2004–2006 to 2013–2015. In contrast, for early mortality, a statistically significant decreasing trend was observed: mortality rates in the periods 2004–2006 (MR = 5.5; 95% CI 3.9–7.8) and 2007–2009 (MR = 3.9; 95% CI 2.7–5.7) were approximately four and three-fold higher when compared to 2013–2015 (MR = 1.4; 95% CI 0.7–2.7). Low CD4 count and prior AIDS-defining illness were strongly associated with higher hazard ratios of death, especially when considering very early mortality.

Conclusions
The present study shows an excess of mortality in the 1st year of follow-up with no changes in the mortality rates within 90 days among PWH from Rio de Janeiro. We note the significant impact of initiating treatment with immunosuppression, as evidenced by the increased risk of death among those with low CD4 cell count and with AIDS-defining illnesses.
Acute pancreatitis in pregnancy: a 10-year, multi-center, retrospective study in Beijing
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Wang Guoxing , Cao Zheng , Huang Wenyang , Xiao Hongli , Wei Hongtao , Lu Junli , Liu Ruixia , Yin Chenghong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
Acute pancreatitis in pregnancy (APIP) is a rare and serious complication during pregnancy. It has acute onset and is difficult to diagnose and treat. The aim of the present study was to describe the etiology, clinical manifestations, and maternofetal outcomes of APIP.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 32 pregnant women who were treated at three tertiary care hospitals in Beijing, China. The correlation between the causes of APIP, severity, laboratory indices, and outcomes was analyzed.

Results
The most common causes of APIP were hypertriglyceridemia (56.2%,18/32) and gallstones (28.1%, 9/32). Hypertriglyceridemia-induced APIP was associated with a higher rate of severe acute pancreatitis (P = 0.025). Serum level of triglycerides showed a positive correlation with the severity of APIP (P = 0.039). The most frequent presentation of APIP was abdominal pain (93.7%, 30/32). There were no maternal or fetal deaths in our study. Apgar scores at 1 min, 5 min, and 10 min of the premature neonates was correlated with the severity of APIP of the mother (P = 0.022; 0.002; 0.002).

Conclusion
High level of triglycerides may serve as a useful marker of the severity of APIP. The severity of APIP was associated with higher risk of neonate asphyxia. Appropriate timing of termination of pregnancy is a key imperative for APIP patients.
Screening and management of bladder and bowel dysfunction in general pediatric outpatient clinic: a prospective observational study
Authors: Sumboonnanonda Achra , Sawangsuk Punnarat , Sungkabuth Patharawan , Muangsampao Janpen , Farhat Walid A. , Piyaphanee Nuntawan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) is a common disorder in children that is often associated with psychosocial and behavioral problems. Data specific to BBD in Asian children are comparatively scarce. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of BBD and the response to standard urotherapy among Thai children attending the general pediatric outpatient clinic of Siriraj Hospital – Thailand’s largest national tertiary referral center.

Methods
Children aged 4–12 years were recruited to complete the Dysfunctional Voiding Symptom Score (DVSS) questionnaire to screen for BBD during 2018 to 2020. Standard urotherapy, which consists of education and behavior management, was prescribed to those with a DVSS score that suggests the presence of BBD. Enrolled children and their caregivers were followed-up at 3 and 6 months. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was completed at baseline. DVSS scores at baseline, and at 3 months and 6 months after standard urotherapy were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results
A total of 1,042 children completed the DVSS during the study period, and 90 (8.6%) were deemed to have BBD. The mean age of BBD children was 6.9 ± 2.2 years, and the female to male ratio was 2.9:1. The most common symptoms were defecation frequency (80.0%), difficult defecation (80.0%), curtsying (74.4%), urgency (68.9%), infrequent voiding (43.3%), and daytime incontinence (32.2%). Forty-one BBD children completed the SDQ, and 32.5% had scores suggestive of hyperactivity problems. Among the 24 BBD patients who were followed-up after 3 and 6 months of standard urotherapy, there was a significant improvement in DVSS results (9.5 ± 3.1 at baseline vs. 6.9 ± 3.4 at 3 months vs. 4.4 ± 3.9 at 6 months; p < 0.01). Nine of 12 patients with urinary incontinence showed complete response at 6 months. The overall Bristol stool score significantly improved from 2.6 ± 0.7 at baseline to 3.2 ± 1.0 at 6 months (p = 0.03).

Conclusions
BBD is a prevalent condition among Thai children that is often associated with emotional and behavioral problems. Standard urotherapy prescribed in a general pediatric outpatient clinic setting yielded favorable outcomes in Thai children with BBD.
Insomnia disorders are associated with increased cardiometabolic disturbances and death risks from cardiovascular diseases in psychiatric patients treated with weight-gain-inducing psychotropic drugs: results from a Swiss cohort
Authors: Laaboub Nermine , Dubath Céline , Ranjbar Setareh , Sibailly Guibet , Grosu Claire , Piras Marianna , Délessert Didier , Richard-Lepouriel Hélène , Ansermot Nicolas , Crettol Severine , Vandenberghe Frederik , Grandjean Carole , Delacrétaz Aurélie , Gamma Franziska , Plessen Kerstin Jessica , von Gunten Armin , Conus Philippe , Eap Chin B. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Study objectives
Insomnia disorders as well as cardiometabolic disorders are highly prevalent in the psychiatric population compared to the general population. We aimed to investigate their association and evolution over time in a Swiss psychiatric cohort.

Methods
Data for 2861 patients (8954 observations) were obtained from two prospective cohorts (PsyMetab and PsyClin) with metabolic parameters monitored routinely during psychotropic treatment. Insomnia disorders were based on the presence of ICD-10 “F51.0" diagnosis (non-organic insomnia), the prescription of sedatives before bedtime or the discharge letter. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the International Diabetes Federation definition, while the 10-year risk of cardiovascular event or death was assessed using the Framingham Risk Score and the Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation, respectively.

Results
Insomnia disorders were observed in 30% of the cohort, who were older, predominantly female, used more psychotropic drugs carrying risk of high weight gain (olanzapine, clozapine, valproate) and were more prone to suffer from schizoaffective or bipolar disorders. Multivariate analyses showed that patients with high body mass index (OR = 2.02, 95%CI [1.51–2.72] for each ten-kg/m2 increase), central obesity (OR = 2.20, [1.63–2.96]), hypertension (OR = 1.86, [1.23–2.81]), hyperglycemia (OR = 3.70, [2.16–6.33]), high density lipoprotein hypocholesterolemia in women (OR = 1.51, [1.17–1.95]), metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.84, [1.16–2.92]) and higher 10-year risk of death from cardiovascular diseases (OR = 1.34, [1.17–1.53]) were more likely to have insomnia disorders. Time and insomnia disorders were associated with a deterioration of cardiometabolic parameters.

Conclusions
Insomnia disorders are significantly associated with metabolic worsening and risk of death from cardiovascular diseases in psychiatric patients.
Time series study on the effects of daily average temperature on the mortality from respiratory diseases and circulatory diseases: a case study in Mianyang City
Authors: Guo Hongju , Du Peipei , Zhang Han , Zhou Zihui , Zhao Minyao , Wang Jie , Shi Xuemei , Lin Jiayi , Lan Yulu , Xiao Xiang , Zheng Caiyun , Ma Xiaofeng , Liu Chengyao , Zou Junjie , Yang Shu , Luo Jiawei , Feng Xixi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Climate change caused by environmental pollution is the most important one of many environmental health hazards currently faced by human beings. In particular, the extreme temperature is an important risk factor for death from respiratory and circulatory diseases. This study aims to explore the meteorological-health effect and find out the vulnerable individuals of extreme temperature events in a less developed city in western China.

Method
We collected the meteorological data and data of death caused by respiratory and circulatory diseases in Mianyang City from 2013 to 2019. The nonlinear distributed lag model and the generalized additive models were combined to study the influence of daily average temperature (DAT) on mortality from respiratory and circulatory diseases in different genders, ages.

Results
The exposure-response curves between DAT and mortality from respiratory and circulatory diseases presented a nonlinear characteristic of the “V” type. Cumulative Relative Risk of 30 days (CRR30) of deaths from respiratory diseases with 4.48 (2.98, 6.73) was higher than that from circulatory diseases with 2.77 (1.96, 3.92) at extremely low temperature, while there was no obvious difference at extremely high temperature. The health effects of low temperatures on the respiratory system of people of all ages and genders were persistent, while that of high temperatures were acute and short-term. The circulatory systems of people aged < 65 years were more susceptible to acute effects of cold temperatures, while the effects were delayed in females and people aged ≥65 years.

Conclusion
Both low and high temperatures increased the risk of mortality from respiratory and circulatory diseases. Cold effects seemed to last longer than heat did.