bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Inter-relationship between Anemia and COPD In Accordance with Altitude
Authors: Sangeetha Thangavelu , Anand Arumugam Vijaya , Begum Tajuddin Nargis 
Published: September 2022

Background:Anemia, a common blood disorder has been analysed for the risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a predominant respiratory condition. The COPD patients have been found to have anemia due to inflammation, accounting for about 7.5-33%.Objectives:To predict the influence of anemia in the COPD occurrence as well as to depict the role of change in altitudes in the occurrence of anemic as well as COPD.Methodology:A total of 17 hematological parameters has been analysed in the anemic and COPD patients along with the control samples of low and high altitude regions and the significance of the results has been calculated.Results:The hematological parameter comparison between anemia and COPD samples of two different altitudes showed highly significant variations (p<0.001) as well as slighter significant variations (p<0.01, p<0.05 and p<0.1) in most of the parameters as well as the prevalence of anemic condition among the COPD patients was significant.Conclusion:The considered hematological parameters shown to have a considerable influence in the occurrence of anemia and COPD as well as in the occurrence of anemia in COPD patients along with the change in altitudes.
Screening of the Bread Wheat Varieties for the Leaf Rust Resistance Gene Lr34/Yr18/Sr57/Pm38/Bdv1
Authors: Radchenko Olexiy M. , Sandetska Nadia V. , Morgun Bogdan V. , Karelov Anatolii , Kozub Natalia , Pirko Yaroslav V. , Blume Yaroslav B. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The allelic composition of the gene Lr34/Yr18/Sr57/Pm38/Bdv1, which is associated with resistance to leaf rust in varieties of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), has been investigated.

Methods:
Three DNA markers were used to determine the allelic state of the gene Lr34/Yr18/Sr57/Pm38/Bdv1: the co-dominant molecular genetic markers cssfr5 and csLV34 and the microsatellite marker Xgwm295.

Results:
Among 32 cultivars evaluated for resistance to leaf rust, 4 were highly resistant, 26 were resistant and 2 were moderately susceptible. Using the co-dominant marker cssfr5 based on the detection of the polymorphic state of one of the exons of the gene Lr34/Yr18/Sr57/Pm38/Bdv1, the Lr34(+) allele, which confers resistance to leaf rust, was found in 25% of the studied varieties. The coincidence between the results obtained with the markers cssfr5 and csLV34 was 84.5%.

Conclusion:
The data of the conducted molecular genetic analysis were supplemented by observations of the resistance of the studied varieties to leaf rust in the field. The obtained data can be used in breeding programs to develop new varieties and breeding lines with leaf rust resistance.
Increasing reliability of traction electric motors of diesel locomotives taking into account thermophysical parameters of insulation and armature winding conductors
Authors: Kiselev V. I. , Vakhromeeva T. O. , Fedyanin A. I. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction. The issue of ensuring the operable state of the DC traction motor is relevant due to its large-scale use on diesel locomotives, including modern powerful motors, operating on lines with increased train masses. At present, a rather difficult situation has developed in the locomotive industry with the failure of diesel locomotive traction electric motors due to a decrease in the insulation resistance of the armature windings of the electric motors and their subsequent breakdowns: up to 28 % of the total number of failures of electric motors are due to breakdown of the hull insulation and interturn short circuit of the armature and 13 % of cases are due to reduction in the resistance of the insulating material.Materials and methods. The paper considers the main directions of scientific research on the causes of insulation integrity failure, which lead to unscheduled repairs of traction motors. The theoretical substantiation of the root causes of insulation destruction is based on the importance of taking into account the coefficients of thermal linear expansion of copper and its insulating materials. In order to study thermodynamic processes in the winding of a traction motor, a computational finite element model of a winding coil laid in the groove of the armature core has been developed. The winding model is represented separately by a conductor and insulation, between which contact conditions are specified. The conductor of the calculation model heats up to 120 °C from the current flow. Mathematical apparatus embedded in the MSC calculation program, Patran – Nastran, made it possible to evaluate the deformation of the conductor relative to the insulation as a result of a linear increment due to thermal expansion.Results. With the help of mathematical modelling and based on the results of finite element analysis, the confirmation of the theoretical justification is clearly shown. The difference in elongation during heating of the motor armature conductor and insulation, obtained by mathematical modelling, is 0.6 mm and is significant for the winding (consisting of a conductor and insulation), which is usually considered as a single whole body.Discussion and conclusion. The obtained result shows the need for more detailed studies to select the technology for the insulation of the DC traction motor. The use of insulating materials for the armature winding with coefficients of thermal linear expansion equal to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the copper conductors of the winding will improve the reliability of traction electric motors of diesel locomotives in operation.
Influence of aerodynamic parameters of current collector on current collection at movement speeds up to 160 km/h
Authors: Mironos N. V. , Emel’yanova M. N. , Tartynskiy D. V. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction. This article investigates the influence of the aerodynamic parameters of the current collector on the contact force. For this purpose, the influence in the speed range up to 160 km/h on the quality of the current collection, in particular on the increased wear of the current collector contact strips, was determined.Materials and methods. A method for calculating aerodynamic forces was developed using mathematical modelling by the method of computational fluid dynamics. The current collector can be conditionally divided into three parts: the base, the current collector lifting mechanism and the current collector head. The main characteristic of this interaction is the force with which the head is pressed against the contact wire and the stability of this force in dynamically changing external conditions.Results. The simulation performed showed that at a speed of about 140 km/h, head vibrations occur that change the contact force. This made it possible to explain the increased wear of the inserts during testing and commissioning of electric trains of the ES2G and ET4A types, which use the same type of current collectors. The presence of the current collector holder near its head, which is a pipe located along the entire length of the head at a slight distance, fundamentally changes the flow pattern. Based on the performed mathematical modelling, changes were made to the design of the current collector head in order to improve its aerodynamic properties. Other current-collecting elements were used to ensure stable aerodynamic properties of the head in a given speed range.Discussion and conclusion. The introduced changes made it possible to solve the problem with increased wear of the contact strips at a speed of up to 160 km/h. The conducted studies and the introduction of changes in GOST 32204–2013 based on these studies will improve the reliability and durability of the current collection devices.
Increasing the performance of the Far Eastern Railway traction power supply system
Authors: Grigor’ev N. P. , Ignatenko I. V. , Vlasenko S. A. , Kovalev V. A. , Shatalov V. V. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction. The purpose of the study is to develop measures determined by the strategic programmes for the development of Russian railway transport based on the analysis of power supply schemes for the traction network of the Far Eastern Railway, a branch of Russian Railways.Materials and methods. Evaluation of the performance of the traction power supply system was made based on the analysis of the actual performance of the Far Eastern Railway section, as well as the theories of electrical engineering and power supply of the 25 kV AC electrified railway system.Results. Based on the analysis of the joint operation of the external and traction power supply systems of the Far Eastern Railway, four traction substations with low technical and economic indicators were identified. Network sections that feed the substations are a bottleneck in the traction power supply system. It is proposed to increase the efficiency by switching the connection of the windings of transformers of traction substations to the systems of external and traction power supply according to the typical star – delta scheme. Such a connection will ensure an increase in the speed of trains, a reduction in train succession time and losses of electricity, an increase in the quality of electric energy in the external power supply system and electric networks of the Far Eastern Directorate for Energy Supply (a structural subdivision of Transenergo, a branch of Russian Railways).Discussion and conclusion. Normalisation of the connection of four traction substations according to the feeding scheme is ensured by changing the phasing in such a way that the power supply of the two legs of one winding of the power transformer is transferred to two windings. Alignment of the current modules in the windings of transformers of traction substations makes it possible to reduce the voltage drop in the most loaded phase and, accordingly, increase the voltage in the traction network, which ensures an increase in the speed of trains and a reduction in passing intervals. Switching the power supply of the arms from one winding of the transformer to two reduces the loss of electrical energy in power transformers and the external power supply system. Reducing the current unbalance in the windings of the power transformer improves the quality of electrical energy in the system of external and district power supply. An increase in the service life of the power transformer is ensured by a decrease in the intensity of thermal wear of the insulation of the most loaded winding.
The Experimental Loop of Railway Research Institute celebrates its 90th Anniversary
Authors: Kaplin V. N. , Rimskaya O. N. 
Published: September 2022

In 2022, the main testing centre of Russian railways, the Experimental Loop of the Railway Research Institute, turns 90 years old.The experience accumulated by the Experimental Loop is unique at a global scale: at the time of its creation, it was the world's first designated testing area for the latest models of railway vehicles and materials.The contribution of the Experimental Loop to the development of Soviet and Russian railways cannot be overestimated. A specially built proving ground and highly professional staff equipped with all the necessary tools made it possible to radically accelerate the development of new railway technologies and their implementation in the transportation process. The reputation and importance of the Experimental Loop is confirmed by the constant attention and visits of top state officials and industry leaders.The presented historical essay shows the main stages in the development of the Experimental Loop, as well as its significance both for the transport industry of our country and for Russian railway science.
Appropriateness of Alerts and Physicians’ Responses With a Medication-Related Clinical Decision Support System: Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Park Hyunjung , Chae Minjung Kathy , Jeong Woohyeon , Yu Jaeyong , Jung Weon , Chang Hansol , Cha Won Chul 
Published: September 2022

Background
Alert fatigue is unavoidable when many irrelevant alerts are generated in response to a small number of useful alerts. It is necessary to increase the effectiveness of the clinical decision support system (CDSS) by understanding physicians’ responses.

Objective
This study aimed to understand the CDSS and physicians’ behavior by evaluating the clinical appropriateness of alerts and the corresponding physicians’ responses in a medication-related passive alert system.

Methods
Data on medication-related orders, alerts, and patients’ electronic medical records were analyzed. The analyzed data were generated between August 2019 and June 2020 while the patient was in the emergency department. We evaluated the appropriateness of alerts and physicians’ responses for a subset of 382 alert cases and classified them.

Results
Of the 382 alert cases, only 7.3% (n=28) of the alerts were clinically appropriate. Regarding the appropriateness of the physicians’ responses about the alerts, 92.4% (n=353) were deemed appropriate. In the classification of alerts, only 3.4% (n=13) of alerts were successfully triggered, and 2.1% (n=8) were inappropriate in both alert clinical relevance and physician’s response. In this study, the override rate was 92.9% (n=355).

Conclusions
We evaluated the appropriateness of alerts and physicians’ responses through a detailed medical record review of the medication-related passive alert system. An excessive number of unnecessary alerts are generated, because the algorithm operates as a rule base without reflecting the individual condition of the patient. It is important to maximize the value of the CDSS by comprehending physicians’ responses.
Saberes locales y transición agroecológica en dos comunidades rurales de Sierra de Lobos, Guanajuato
Authors: Maldonado García Jorge , Garcia Vazquez Arlene Iskra 
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: identificar los saberes locales presentes en dos comunidades rurales del Área Natural Protegida de la Sierra de Lobos, Guanajuato, y analizar su importancia en procesos de transición agroecológica.   Diseño metodológico: se realizó un estudio de corte cualitativo exploratorio a partir de datos empíricos obtenidos en campo mediante entrevistas semi-estructuradas y observación participante. Sumado al análisis de documentos teóricos.   Resultados: se muestra la relevancia de los saberes locales en la continuidad y transmisión de una conciencia ecosistémica expresada en modos de vida basados en el cuidado de los recursos naturales, con la práctica del policultivo bajo el diseño de espacios de producción agrícola local que incentiva la biodiversidad estructural y funcional, identificando así prácticas locales que refieren la posibilidad de un naciente proceso de transición agroecológico.   Limitaciones de la investigación: la investigaciónse limita a una primera etapa de diagnóstico que ha consistido en el acercamiento a dos comunidades rurales, por lo que no es representativo de una de realidad más compleja como la que ocurre en Sierra de Lobos.   Hallazgos: se concluye que los saberes locales tradicionales permiten la continuidad de una conciencia ecosistema expresada en un modo de vida local basado en la familia campesina y un sistema de reciprocidad con el medioambiente en el cuidado de los recursos naturales dentro de una región con pocos esfuerzos encaminados a procesos de transición agroecológica.
A utilização das tecnologias digitais no ensino e aprendizagem de geometria espacial: a percepção dos estudantes do 3 ano do ensino médio
Authors: Fontana Nisxota Menegais Denice Aparecida , Duarte Ferreira Vera Lucia , Da Silva Fagundes Daiane , Teixeira Penha Juliana 
Published: September 2022

O presente trabalho relata uma oficina de matemática parte integrante de um projeto de extensão intitulado “A Utilização De Tecnologias Digitais na Formação de Professores de Matemática”. A oficina foi aplicada em uma escola pública, contemplando um total de 6h/a, tendo como público alvo 28 estudantes do terceiro ano do ensino médio. A atividade teve como objetivo a inserção das tecnologias digitais no ensino e aprendizagem da geometria espacial na educação básica, buscando processos motivadores e inovadores. Para análise dos dados produzidos adotou-se uma abordagem quali-quantitativa. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram dois questionários (avaliação diagnóstica e avaliação da oficina), os quais geraram os dados discutidos nesta pesquisa. Como resultado foi observado que a utilização de ferramentas tecnológicas digitais possibilitou aos estudantes um melhor desempenho na realização das atividades e na resolução dos exercícios propostos. Desse modo, conclui-se que a utilização de tecnologias digitais, como games e softwares de geometria dinâmica auxilia na construção do conhecimento matemático sendo uma importante contribuição para o desenvolvimento do processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos estudantes.
Application of Association Rule Mining in Preventing Cyberattacks
Authors: Mironeanu Cătălin , Archip Alexandru , Atomei Georgiana 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Designing a security solution should rely on having a good knowledge of the protected assets and better develop active responses rather than focus on reactive ones. We argue and prove that malicious activities such as vulnerabilities exploitation and (D)DoS on Web applications can be detected during their respective initial phases. While they may seem distinct, both attack scenarios are observable through abnormal access patterns. Following on this remark, we first analyze Web access logs using association rule mining techniques and identify these malicious traces. This new description of the historical data is then correlated with Web site structure information and mapped over trie data structures. The resulted trie is then used for every new incoming request and we thus identify whether the access pattern is legitimate or not. The results we obtained using this proactive approach show that the potential attacker is denied the required information for orchestrating successful assaults.
Uncertainty Aware T2SS Based Dyna-Q-Learning Framework for Task Scheduling in Grid Computing
Authors: Bhargavi K. , Shiva Sajjan G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Task scheduling is an important activity in parallel and distributed computing environment like grid because the performance depends on it. Task scheduling gets affected by behavioral and primary uncertainties. Behavioral uncertainty arises due to variability in the workload characteristics, size of data and dynamic partitioning of applications. Primary uncertainty arises due to variability in data handling capabilities, processor context switching and interplay between the computation intensive applications. In this paper behavioral uncertainty and primary uncertainty with respect to tasks and resources parameters are managed using Type-2-Soft-Set (T2SS) theory. Dyna-Q-Learning task scheduling technique is designed over the uncertainty free tasks and resource parameters. The results obtained are further validated through simulation using GridSim simulator. The performance is good based on metrics such as learning rate, accuracy, execution time and resource utilization rate.
Noise Generation Methods Preserving Image Color Intensity Distributions
Authors: Totev Tsvetalin , Bocheva Nadejda , Stefanov Simeon , Mihaylova Milena Slavcheva 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In many visual perception studies, external visual noise is used as a methodology to broaden the understanding of information processing of visual stimuli. The underlying assumption is that two sources of noise limit sensory processing: the external noise inherent in the environmental signals and the internal noise or internal variability at different levels of the neural system. Usually, when external noise is added to an image, it is evenly distributed. However, the color intensity and image contrast are modified in this way, and it is unclear whether the visual system responds to their change or the noise presence. We aimed to develop several methods of noise generation with different distributions that keep the global image characteristics. These methods are appropriate in various applications for evaluating the internal noise in the visual system and its ability to filter the added noise. As these methods destroy the correlation in image intensity of neighboring pixels, they could be used to evaluate the role of local spatial structure in image processing.
The Use of Acoustic Emission to Determine the Safe Load Range of GFRP Composites Used in Ship and Aviation Structures
Authors: Dudzik Krzysztof , Charchalis Adam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The article presents the methodology and results of strength tests with simultaneous registration of acoustic emission. The subject of the research were glass fibre-reinforced plastics (GFRP) made by hand lamination. The obtained results allows to identify the stresses characteristic of the individual stages of the material failure process. These results can be the basis for determining the safe scope of application of the mentioned materials, especially helpful at the stage of designing ship and aircraft structures. The analysis of the test results allows to determine the safe level of stresses not exceeding about 70 MPa.
Application of lockout/tagout procedures in production systems of Industry 4.0
Authors: Dźwiarek Marek 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The aim of the research was to develop guidelines and training materials to support the implementation of LOTO procedures in Industry 4.0. The analysis of manufacturing systems of Industry 4.0 showed that the requirements for LOTO procedures differ from those used in classical systems. The developed guidelines and training materials were verified during the pilot training. The mean value of the Likert scale score exceeds 4.4. The I-CVI index is mostly 1 and the lowest value is 0.86. Statistical analysis using Student’s t-test confirmed that the guidelines and training materials have excellent content validity at the 0.05 confidence level. This applies to their content, usefulness, comprehensiveness and completeness.
Technological Methods of Ensuring the Reliability of Lock Connections in Marine Gas Turbines
Authors: Dvirna Olha , Zembrzuska Natasza 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The article presents the test results of the surface quality parameters after broaching of heat-resistant steels of grades: 1.7335 (13CrMo4-5) and 1.4841 (X15CrNiSi25-20). The aim of the work is to determine the technological methods of obtaining the lowest treated surface roughness, surface layer hardening and the elimination of surface defects after broaching. To investigate the influence of cutting conditions (cutting speed, tool geometry and feed) on surface roughness and hardness, the physical modeling method of the broaching was used. As a result of the research, recommendations for improvement of the main parameters of the surface layer quality when broaching samples from selected grades of heat-resistant steels.
Analysis of the Possibility of Using Vibration Parameters for Diagnostics of Selected Defects in Welded Joints of the Hull Plating Elements
Authors: Muchowski Tomasz , Szeleziński Adam , Murawski Lech , Muc Adam , Kluczyk Marcin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The article presents results of vibration tests of thin-walled plates used in shipbuilding for plating hulls of vessels. The conducted tests were aimed at determining the possibility of using measurements of vibration acceleration recorded on the tested objects as parameters enabling the detection of damages in the performed welded joints. Seven plates were compared, six of which had joints in different technical conditions, and one was a board without a weld. The quality of the welds was verified using X-ray methods. The adopted research methodology and the obtained results were presented.