bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oncologic Safety in Autologous Fat Grafting After Breast Conservation Therapy
Authors: Kuruvilla Annet S. , Yan Yufan , Rathi Sourish , Wang Fei , Weichman Katie E. , Ricci Joseph A. 
Published: December 2022

Background
Autologous fat grafting (AFG) is often used to reconstruct defects after breast conservation therapy (BCT). However, concerns exist about the possibility of AFG-related recurrence or metastasis. This study aims to evaluate the literature to evaluate oncologic outcomes in patients undergoing AFG at the time of BCT.

Methods
A systematic review of articles related to AFG based reconstruction at the time of BCT from 1970 to 2021 was performed via PubMed. Patients were grouped based on the presence or lack of AFG usage at the time of BCT, and oncologic outcomes and complications were compared.

Results
Of the 146 articles identified, 15 were included. Nine hundred patients underwent BCT alone and 1063 patients underwent BCT with AFG patients. Similar average follow-up time was observed between the groups, 58.7 months (BCT only) and 55.2 months (BCT with AFG). On pooled analysis, no difference was identified in local recurrence 4.8% (43 patients) of the BCT group and 3% (32 patients) in the AFG group (P = 0.8), metastasis 4.8% (43 patients) of the BCT group and 6.9% (73 patients) in the AFG group (P = 0.3), or fat necrosis (P = 0.44). Meta-analysis additionally did not identify any statistically significant odds ratios between the BCT only group and BCT with AFG group when evaluated for total recurrence, local recurrence, metastasis or fat necrosis.

Conclusions
The results show no significant difference in cancer recurrence or metastasis in the BCT only group versus BCT and AFG, showing that fat grafting has safe outcomes.
Health-related Quality of Life Outcomes Following Single or Bilateral Lung Transplantation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Raguragavan Aarohanan , Jayabalan Dujinthan , Saxena Akshat 
Published: December 2022

Background.
Lung transplantation is the definitive treatment for end-stage lung disease. There has been uncertainty regarding whether single or bilateral lung transplantation confers patients’ greater health-related quality of life. This systematic review was performed to evaluate the impact of single lung transplantation (SLTx) against bilateral lung transplantation on short- and long-term health-related quality of life.

Methods.
A literature search was conducted on PubMed for studies matching the eligibility criteria between January 2000 and January 2022. OVID (MEDLINE), Google Scholar, EBSCOhost (EMBASE), and bibliographies of included studies were reviewed. Inclusion of studies was based on predetermined eligibility criteria. Quality appraisal and data tabulation were performed using predetermined forms. Results were synthesized by narrative review. The structure of this systematic review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. This systematic review was prospectively registered in the PROSPERO register (CRD42022344389).

Results.
Ten studies (1916 patients) were included. Within 12 mo posttransplantation, there was no evidence of the improved health-related quality of life with respect to the type of lung transplantation procedure. Bilateral lung transplantation patients reported significantly greater scores in both the physical and mental health domains of health-related quality of life. Bilateral lung transplantation offered significantly better health-related quality of life outcomes at later follow-up periods. Bilateral lung transplantation showed a significantly slower reduction in health-related quality of life physical composite scores relative to SLTx.

Conclusions.
Bilateral lung transplant (BLTx) recipients perceive the greater health-related quality of life beyond 1-y post-lung transplantation. BLTx recipients better retain their health-related quality of life long-term posttransplantation than those receiving SLTx.
Impact of Race, Ethnicity, Primary Language and Insurance on Reconstruction after Mastectomy for Patients with Breast Cancer at an Urban, Academic Safety-Net Hospital
Authors: Beaulieu-Jones Brendin R , Fefferman Ann , Woods Alison P , Shewmaker Grant , Zhang Tina , Roh Daniel S , Sachs Teviah E , Merrill Andrea , Ko Naomi Y , Cassidy Michael R 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Disparities in breast reconstruction have been observed in national cohorts and single-institution studies based on race, ethnicity, insurance and language. However, little is known regarding whether safety-net hospitals deliver more or less equitable breast reconstruction care in comparison to national cohorts.

Study Design:
We performed a retrospective study of patients with either invasive breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) diagnosed and treated at our institution (1/1/09-12/31/14). The rate of, timing of, and approach to breast reconstruction were assessed by race, ethnicity, insurance status and primary language among women who underwent mastectomy. Reasons for not performing reconstruction were also analyzed.

Results:
756 women with DCIS or non-metastatic invasive cancer were identified. Median age was 58.5 years, 56.2% were non-white, 33.1% were non-English-speaking, and 48.9% were Medicaid/uninsured patients. 142 (18.8%) underwent mastectomy during their index operation. 47.9% (N=68) did not complete reconstruction. Reasons for not performing reconstruction included: patient preference (N=22), contraindication to immediate reconstruction (i.e., locoregionally advanced disease prohibiting immediate reconstruction) without follow-up for consideration of delayed reconstruction (N=12), prohibitive medical risk or contraindication (i.e., morbid obesity) (N=8), and progression of disease, prohibiting reconstruction (N=7). Immediate and delayed reconstruction were completed in 43.7% and 8.5% of patients. Rate of reconstruction was inversely associated with tumor stage (OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.31-0.88), but not race, ethnicity, insurance or language, on multivariate regression.

Conclusions:
At a safety-net hospital, we observed rates of reconstruction at or above national estimates. After adjustment for clinical attributes, rates did not vary by race, ethnicity, insurance or language. Future research is needed to understand the role of reconstruction in breast cancer care and how to advance shared decision-making among diverse patients.
miR472 deficiency enhancesArabidopsis thalianadefence without reducing seed production
Authors: Vasseur Francois , Baldrich Patricia , Jiménez-Góngora Tamara , Villar-Martin Luis , Weigel Detlef , Rubio-Somoza Ignacio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAfter having co-existed in plant genomes for at least 200 million years, the products of microRNA (miRNA) and Nucleotide-Binding Leucine Rich Repeat protein (NLR) genes formed a regulatory relationship in the common ancestor of modern gymnosperms and angiosperms. From then on, DNA polymorphisms occurring at miRNA target sequences within NLR transcripts must have been compensated by mutations in the corresponding mature miRNA sequence, therefore maintaining that regulatory relationship. The potential evolutionary advantage of such regulation remains largely unknown and might be related to two mutually non-exclusive scenarios: miRNA-dependent regulation of NLR levels might prevent defence mis-activation with negative effects on plant growth and reproduction; or reduction of active miRNA levels in response to pathogen derived molecules (PAMPS and silencing suppressors) might rapidly release otherwise silent NLR transcripts for rapid translation and thereby enhance defence. Here, we usedArabidopsis thalianaplants deficient for miR472 function to study the impact of releasing its NLR targets on plant growth and reproduction and on defence against the fungal pathogenPlectospharaella cucumerina. We show that miR472 regulation has a dual role, participating both in the tight regulation of plant defence and growth. MIM472 lines, with reduced active miR472, are more resistant to pathogens and, correlatively, have reduced relative growth compared to wild-type plants. However, despite MIM472 lines flower at the same time than their wild-type, the end of their reproductive phase is delayed, and they exhibit higher adult biomass, resulting in similar seed yield as the wild-type. Our study highlights how negative consequences of defence activation might be compensated by changes in phenology and that miR472 reduction is an integral part of plant defence responses.
Comparison of two multi-trait association testing methods and sequence-based fine mapping of six QTL in Swiss Large White pigs
Authors: Nosková A. , Mehrotra A. , Kadri N.K. , Lloret-Villas A. , Neuenschwander S. , Hofer A. , Pausch H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundGenetic correlations between complex traits suggest that pleiotropic variants contribute to trait variation. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) aim to uncover the genetic underpinnings of traits. Multivariate association testing and the meta-analysis of summary statistics from single-trait GWAS enable detecting variants associated with multiple phenotypes. In this study, we used array-derived genotypes and phenotypes for 24 reproduction, production, and conformation traits to explore differences between the two methods and used imputed sequence variant genotypes to fine-map six quantitative trait loci (QTL).ResultsWe considered genotypes at 44,733 SNPs for 5,753 pigs from the Swiss Large White breed that had deregressed breeding values for 24 traits. Single-trait association analyses revealed eleven QTL that affected 15 traits. Multi-trait association testing and the meta-analysis of the single-trait GWAS revealed between 3 and 6 QTL, respectively, in three groups of traits. The multi-trait methods revealed three loci that were not detected in the single-trait GWAS. Four QTL that were identified in the single-trait GWAS, remained undetected in the multi-trait analyses. To pinpoint candidate causal variants for the QTL, we imputed the array-derived genotypes to the sequence level using a sequenced reference panel consisting of 421 pigs. This approach provided genotypes at 16 million imputed sequence variants with a mean accuracy of imputation of 0.94. The fine-mapping of six QTL with imputed sequence variant genotypes revealed four previously proposed causal mutations among the top variants.ConclusionsOur findings in a medium-size cohort of pigs suggest that multivariate association testing and the meta-analysis of summary statistics from single-trait GWAS provide very similar results. Although multi-trait association methods provide a useful overview of pleiotropic loci segregating in mapping populations, the investigation of single-trait association studies is still advised, as multi-trait methods may miss QTL that are uncovered in single-trait GWAS.
Engineering Xylose Fermentation in an Industrial Yeast: Continuous Cultivation as a Tool for Selecting Improved Strains
Authors: Basso Thalita Peixoto , Procópio Dielle Pierotti , Petrin Thais Helena Costa , Giacon Thamiris Guerra , Jin Yong-Su , Basso Thiago Olitta , Basso Luiz Carlos 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTProduction of second-generation ethanol from lignocellulosic residues should be fueling the energy matrix in the near future. Lignocellulosic feedstock has received much attention as an alternative energy resource for biorefineries toward reducing the demand for fossil resources, contributing to a future sustainable bio-based economy. Fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates poses many scientific and technological challenges as the drawback ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae’sinability in fermenting pentose sugars (derived from hemicellulose). To overcome the inability ofS. cerevisiaeto ferment xylose and increase yeast robustness in the presence of inhibitory compound-containing media, the industrialS. cerevisiaestrain SA-1 was engineered using CRISPR-Cas9 with the oxidoreductive xylose pathway fromScheffersomyces stipitis(encoded byXYL1, XYL2, andXYL3). The engineered strain was then cultivated in a xylose-limited chemostat under increasing dilution rates (for 64 days) to improve its xylose consumption kinetics under aerobic conditions. The evolved strain (DPY06) and its parental strain (SA-1 XR/XDH) were evaluated under anaerobic conditions in complex media. DPY06 consumed xylose faster, exhibiting an increase of 70% in xylose consumption rate at 72h of cultivation compared to its parental strain, indicating that laboratory evolution improved xylose uptake of SA-1 XR/XDH.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
A complex reach direction rule that delays reaction time causes alternating excitation and inhibition in express muscle responses and corticospinal excitability
Authors: Divakar Rechu , Loeb Gerald E. , Corneil Brian D. , Wallis Guy , Carroll Timothy J. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTThe dynamics of muscle activation during fast visually guided reaching are suggestive of two neural control signals; an early signal that acts at “express” latencies in response to the visual stimulus, and a longer latency signal that executes a strategic reach plan. Here we developed a task designed to temporally isolate the express visuomotor response from the longer latency muscle response, and to characterize the time course of corticospinal excitability changes in the express response time window when the late voluntary response is delayed. We tested this by measuring electromyograms (EMG) and changes in Motor Evoked Potential (MEP) amplitudes following Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex, as participants reached either towards or away from visual targets. Crucially, the information about the task rule was provided by the luminance of the target itself, and so was unknown to the subject until the instant of target presentation. This feature delayed reaction times, likely because additional (presumably cortical) processing was required to interpret and apply the rule before formation of a goal directed reach plan. The earliest EMG responses to target presentation occurred with a 70-105 ms time window, and were oriented to bring the hand toward the location of the target. However, there was also a slightly later response that was also time-locked to target appearance in a 105-140 ms time window. This second response was “reciprocal” to the first, such that it was oriented to take the hand in the direction opposite from the target. In some participants, additional oscillating cycles were apparent after the first two target-related responses. These multiphasic express visuomotor responses were nearly identical in both pro- and anti-reach conditions. These muscle activity responses were generally reflected in the temporal pattern of corticospinal excitability modulations in experiment two. Indeed, the MEP and background EMG responses showed an alternating pattern similar to that in experiment one, although the effect was clearer in the anti-reach than the pro-reach condition. Overall, the data show that the express and voluntary responses are indeed distinct neural control signals, which supports the hypothesis that at least two separate neural pathways (one slow and one fast) contribute to the control of visually guided reaching. The properties of the fast pathway are consistent with a tecto-reticulospinal pathway, while those of the slow pathway are consistent with a transcortical loop.
Performance characteristics allow for confinement of a CRISPR toxin-antidote gene drive designed for population suppression
Authors: Zhang Shijie , Champer Jackson 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGene drives alleles that can bias their own inheritance are a promising way to engineer populations for control of disease vectors, invasive species, and agricultural pests. Recent advancements in the field have yielded successful examples of powerful suppression type drives and confined modification type drives, but developing confined suppression drives has proven more difficult. This is because the necessary power for strong suppression is often incompatible with the characteristics needed for drive confinement. However, one type of CRISPR toxin-antidote drive may be strong enough and confined, the TADE (Toxin-Antidote Dominant Embryo) suppression drive. By disrupting a haplolethal target gene and a haplosufficient female fertility gene, this drive quickly eliminates wild-type alleles and eventually induces population suppression. It has been shown to perform effectively in panmictic populations. However, confinement in spatial scenarios may be substantially different. Here, we use a reaction-diffusion model to assess the performance of TADE suppression drive in continuous space. We measure the drive wave advance speed while varying several performance parameters and find that moderate fitness costs or embryo cutting (from maternally deposited nuclease) can eliminate the drive’s ability to form a wave of advance. We assess the release size required for the drive to propagate, and finally, we investigate migration corridor scenarios. Depending on the corridor size and dispersal, it is often possible for the drive to suppress one population and then persist in the corridor without invading the second population. This prevents re-invasion by wild-type, which may be a particularly desirable outcome in some scenarios. Thus, even imperfect variants of TADE suppression drive may be excellent candidates for confined population suppression.
Extending the breeder’s equation to take aim at the Target Population of Environments
Authors: Cooper Mark , Powell Owen , Gho Carla , Tang Tom , Messina Carlos 
Published: December 2022

1)AbstractA major focus for genomic prediction has been on improving trait prediction accuracy using combinations of algorithms and the training data sets available from plant breeding multi-environment trials (METs). Any improvements in prediction accuracy are viewed as pathways to improve traits in the reference population of genotypes and product performance in the target population of environments (TPE). To realise these breeding outcomes there must be a positive MET-TPE relationship that provides consistency between the trait variation expressed within the MET data sets that are used to train the genome-to-phenome (G2P) model for applications of genomic prediction and the realised trait and performance differences in the TPE for the genotypes that are the prediction targets. The strength of this MET-TPE relationship is usually assumed to be high, however it is rarely quantified. To date investigations of genomic prediction methods have not given adequate attention to quantifying the structure of the TPE and the MET-TPE relationship and its potential impact on training theG2Pmodel for applications of genomic prediction to accelerate breeding outcomes for the on-farm TPE. We provide a perspective on the importance of the MET-TPE relationship as a key component for the design of genomic prediction methods to realize improved rates of genetic gain for the target yield, quality, stress tolerance and yield stability traits in the on-farm TPE.
Understanding anaemia and stunting among young women in a rural setting of Indonesia
Authors: Okinarum Giyawati Yulilania , Hardiningsih  , Yunita Fresthy Astrika , Fauziah Afroh , Hardhantyo Muhammad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIndonesian Ministry of Health stated that around 80% of Indonesian women aged between 15-24 years are anaemic, and 30% of children are stunted. The leading cause of this problem is poor quality food, including poor micronutrient quality, low dietary diversity and low intake of animal-source foods. Preconceptional young women who are anaemic and stunted have a risk of giving birth to stunted children later in life if their nutrition is not immediately improved. This study aims to have a deeper understanding of anaemia and stunting conditions among young women in the rural setting of Indonesia.MethodsTwenty young women with the anaemic and stunting condition aged between 15 - 19 years were recruited through the randomly selected patient in the outpatient department of Public Health Center (Puskesmas) in the rural area of Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta from October to November 2022. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted with the following area early marriage, cause and effect of anaemia and stunting, and women health-seeking behavior. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, translated, and analyzed thematically.ResultsYoung women with anaemic and stunting condition are having powerlessness where they are unable in determining daily diet, arise from a low-income family and have no choice in their life course. They are suffering from financial difficulties and food insecurity, resulting in inadequate nutrition and stunting. They also believe that early marriage is a viable option for their own and their children’s well-being.ConclusionThis study is the evidence of young women powerlessness in the rural area of Indonesia. The understanding could contribute to develop evidence-based, effective, and efficient policies and regulations. The existing health system needs to reinforce the support for young women to reduce risks in early life and improve their health across the life course. The intervention could include promoting access to nutritious foods, good hygiene, family planning education, and access to health facilities and services.
Establishing Causality in the Relationship between Sleep and Migraine in a Global Sample: A Bayesian Approach
Authors: Stanyer Emily C. , Brookes Jack , Pang Jia Rong , Urani Alexandre , Holland Philip R. , Hoffmann Jan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is a bidirectional link between sleep and migraine, however causality is difficult to determine. Previous studies rely on retrospective questionnaires, and small samples to support their findings. This study aimed to overcome this by teasing apart this relationship using sleep assessment and concomitant migraine data collected from a smartphone application using Bayesian modelling.MethodsAnonymized self-reported data on sleep and migraine from 11,166 global users (aged 18-81 years, mean: 41.21, standard deviation: 11.49) were collected from the Migraine Buddy application (Healint Pte. Ltd.) between 30thJune and 31stDecember 2021. Measures included: demographics, start and end times of each sleep episode and migraine attack, and the pain intensity for each migraine attack (visual analogue scale 0-10). Bayesian regression models were used to predict occurrence of a migraine attack the next day based on users’ deviations from mean monthly sleep, number of sleep interruptions, and hours slept the night before in those reporting ≥ 4 and <25 migraine attacks on average per month. Conversely, we modelled whether attack occurrence and pain intensity could predict hours slept that same night.ResultsOnce exclusion criteria were applied, there were 724 users (129 males, 412 females, 183 unknown) with an average age of 41.88 years (SD= 11.63), with a mean monthly number of attacks of 9.94. A greater number of sleep interruptions (95% Highest Density Interval (95% HDI [0.112 – 0.205]) and deviation from a user’s mean sleep the night before (95% HDI [0.040 – 0.080]) were significant predictors of a next day migraine attack. Total hours slept was not a significant predictor (95% HDI [-0.04 – 0.04]). Pain intensity, but not attack occurrence was a positive predictor of hours slept.DiscussionSleep fragmentation and deviation from typical sleep are the main drivers of the relationship between sleep and migraine, whereas overall sleep duration is not. Conversely, simply having a migraine attack does not predict sleep duration, it is the pain associated with an attack which alters sleep. This study has shed light on the causal mechanisms of sleep and migraine and highlights sleep hygiene as crucial in migraine management.