bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategy to increase farmers’ productivity cocoa using structural equation modeling
Authors: Managanta A A , Sumardjo  , Sadono D , Tjitropranoto P 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCocoa is the main commodity and addition to foreign exchange for the country, especially Indonesia. Cocoa farming carried out by farmers still prioritizes experience passed down from generation to generation in the family and the result of interactions with other farmers in their community. The problem of cocoa farmers in Central Sulawesi Province requires the development of farmer resources. The problem in the cocoa business in Central Sulawesi Province is the low capacity of farmers in terms of knowledge, attitudes, skills, and capital resulting in low income and welfare for cocoa farmers. This research relates to the farmer’s interdependence strategy in increasing cocoa farming productivity. This study uses a survey design to explain the condition of cocoa farmers in Central Sulawesi Province. The research sample was set at 380 by fulfilling the statistical test rules using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), using ten times 38 the number of indicators (observed variables) in the research model. The formulation of strategies to increase interdependence is as follows a strategy to increase farmer interdependence through increasing farmer capacity and a strategy to increase farmer interdependence through institutional support.
Study of household welfare level of crab fishermen using Fisherman Exchange Rate (FER) indicators in East Lombok
Authors: Husni Syarif , Yusuf M. , Nursan Muhammad , Fr Aeko Fria Utama 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The aims of this study were: 1) to analyze the household income of crab fishermen, 2) to analyze the household expenditures of crab fishermen, 3) to analyze the welfare level of crab fishermen based on the fisherman’s exchange rate indicator (FER), and 4) to analyze the socio-economic factors that affect the welfare of fishermen’s households. Crabs based on FER indicators in East Lombok Regency. This research uses a descriptive method. In addition to interviews with respondents, the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method was also conducted. Respondents in this study were small fishermen. The number of respondents was determined to be as many as 30 people by Simple Random Sampling. Analysis of the data used is a descriptive analysis based on tabulation, and after processing, it is then presented in tabular form, analysis of cost and income analysis, and analysis of income and expenses as well as multiple Linear Regression analysis. The results showed: 1) The household income of crab fishermen is IDR 27,046,415 per year, which comes from income from crab catching IDR 19,492,091, fishing for IDR 4,138,324, income as laborers IDR 1,116,000, other sources IDR 2,300,000, 2) The household expenditure of crab fishermen is IDR 15,098,533 per year, which includes food expenditure of IDR 6,922,800 and non-food expenditure of IDR 8,175,733, 3) The Fisherman’s Exchange Rate (FER) for crab fishermen is 1.86. in the indicators of prosperity, and 4) The factors that significantly affect the welfare level of small crab fishermen are household income and expenditure, while the level of education, experience and number of family dependent are not significantly different.
In vitro seed germination of local red pummelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) from Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi
Authors: Tuwo M , Tambaru E , Izzah N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
South Sulawesi is one of the centers of citrus development in Indonesia. Potential production centers are in Pangkep Regency. One of the cultivars that are cultivated and become a commercial farm is the red pummelo. Red pummelo has higher total phenolic and carotenoid content, so it is a good source of antioxidants and has the potential to become a superior functional food. The aim of this study was to obtain the optimal concentration of benzyl amino purine (BAP) hormone on in vitro germination of red pummelo. Planting material used in this study was seeds extracted from fruit obtained from citrus plantations in Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi. After sterilization, the seeds were planted on MS media with the treatment of BAP 0; 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2; and 2.5 ppm. Observations were made for 8 weeks with the parameters of the number of shoots, number of leaves and number of roots. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test at the 5% level, and if there was a significant effect, it was continued with the Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that the BAP had a significant effect on the parameters of the number of roots with a value of 0.11 and the number of shoots with a value of 0.16. The results of the Mann-Whitney further test showed that there was a significant difference between the 2.5 ppm and 0 ppm BAP treatments on the number of roots and the 2.5 ppm and 1.5 ppm BAP treatments on the number of shots.
Yield potential and agro-morphological characteristic of garlic (Allium sativum L.) varieties grown at the tropical highland of Sembalun, Indonesia
Authors: Hadiawati L , Nazam M , Widiastuti E , Suriadi A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Vegetative propagation is the most common garlic cultivation methods in Indonesia due to unsuitable tropical environment conditions for garlic to develop seed. Sembalun highland of West Nusa Tenggara Province is one of national bulb seed production center established in 2017. This study aimed to evaluate the agro-morphological characteristics of five garlic varieties grown at Sembalun Highland. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with six replication at Sembalun Bumbung Village from June to October 2018. All varieties were characterized from eighteens samples at a mature stage for plant weight and height, number of leaves, leaf length and shape, pseudostem diameter, bulb weight, polar and equatorial diameter of the bulb, number of cloves per bulb, the average weight of 10 cloves, plant habitus, the shape of mature bulb, bulb structure type, shape of the compound bulb in horizontal section, yield per hectare, and number of days to mature. All varieties were characterized by their morphological characteristics. Tawangmangu Baru and Lumbu kuning were morfologically close to Sangga Sembalun that native from Sembalun. The average yield of Sangga Sembalun was the highest (11.52 t/ha), followed by Lumbu Kuning (9.93 t/ha) and Tawangmangu Baru (9.89 t/ha), Lumbu Hijau (8.66 t/ha), and the lowest was Lumbu Putih (5.74 t/ha).
Length-weight relationship of seven Apogonidae species in Lembeh Strait
Authors: Yalindua F Y , Faricha A , Ibrahim P S , Huwae R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The weight length relationship (LWR) and condition factors can be an indicator of fish growth and environmental suitability. This study aims to calculate the length-weight relationships and condition factor of six Apogonidae species and compare them with Pterapogon kauderni as an introduced species in the same area and condition. The sample is collected monthly from January to December 2020 using a trap net in the Lembeh Strait area of North Sulawesi. A total of 699 specimens from sampling obtained seven species from the Apogonidae family, with the most specimen belonging to Pterapogon kauderni (33%) and the lowest being Pristicon trimaculatus (4.4%). The results indicated that almost all species exhibited a negative allometric growth pattern with the b value ranging from 2.49 to 2.98, except for Ostorhinchus hartzfeldii resulted in a positive allometric growth pattern (3.24). The condition factor ranges are 0.89-1.32 from all the seven species, with only Apogonichthyoides melas, Pterapogon kauderni, and Ostorhinchus sealei values below one and significantly different from the other group (p<0.05). This result can be caused by various factors and need to be investigated further. This data is useful in establishing a management and monitoring system for Pterapogon kauderni in its introduced area.
Invaders of Langat River: Introduction of varied vermiculated sailfin catfish, Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus
Authors: Anand Prakash S P , Mohamed N A , Azmai M N A , Abu Bakar A , Othman R , Abdul Ghani I F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Globally and locally, invasive aquatic species pose a major threat towards aquatic ecosystems. Among the most successful of these aquatic invaders in Malaysian freshwater river systems is the vermiculated sailfin catfish or Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus. The study is conducted in Langat River, a subsidiary of the Selangor River basin which flows through the capital and high population density areas of the country. The impact of the species can be seen through its overpopulation and high density in the river due to the absence of natural predators and extremely high fecundity. This study provides the first report on the occurrence of introduced vermiculated sailfin catfish, P. disjunctivus, from Langat River, where the P. pardalis had been previously reported. In this study, random sampling exercises were conducted by using gill nets in a stretch of the Langat River. Out of 24 samples of Pterygoplichthys obtained, 11 were of P. pardalis. This was further confirmed by the morphometric and meristic characters as well as the patterns on the fish. Furthermore, during the sampling, we also described a new body pattern Pterygoplichthys, which does not fit both P. pardalis and P. disjunctivus entirely. The new body pattern of Pterygoplichthys, could be the result of hybridization between both species or variation patterns within the same species. However, a deeper study is necessary to be conducted to confirm this claim.
Prevention of Vibriosis using whole cell microalgae on tiger shrimp hatcheries
Authors: Nurbaya  , Kadriah Ince Ayu K. , Atmomarsono Muharijadi , Muliani  , Anshary Hilal 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this study, a trial was conducted to use whole cell microalgae Porphyridium sp and Porphyridium aerugineum as an alternative material for preventing Vibriosis. This study used three treatments with three replications each. Treatment A was Control without microalgae administration, Treatment B was given Porphyridium aerugineum and treatment C was given Porphyridium sp. The microalgae were given in Zoea1, Mysis1, PL 2, PL 6, and PL 10 phases with the density of microalgae at the time of stocking was 105 - 106 cells/mL. Larval rearing was carried out for 19 days until Post Larva 12. The parameters observed were the density of microalgae in the rearing container and the density of Vibrio bacteria. Sampling for microalgae density observations was carried out every day from the zoea phase 2 to PL 10. Sampling of bacterial density was carried out at every phase change along with observing water quality parameters. At the end of the fry rearing period (PL 12), a challenge test was performed using V. parahaemolyticus bacteria with a density of 107 CFU/mL. Shrimp survival during the challenge test was observed every day until the fifth day. In addition, the density of Vibrio bacteria was also observed. The results showed that the administration of P. aerugineum could suppress the population of Vibrio bacteria and the ratio of Vibrio bacteria to common bacteria was better than the control. On the other hand, the highest survival rate for shrimp was treated with Porphyridium sp. After the challenge test, the best survival results were also obtained in the treatment with Porphyridium sp.
Nutritional values of Sargassum sp., Ulva sp., and Padina sp. from South East Molluca Island waters
Authors: Jasmadi  , Kusnadi Agus , Kumayanjati Bayu , Triandiza Teddy , Pesilette Rosmi Nuslah , Ainarwowa Ahmad , Yamko Abdul Kadir , Pary Bikri Rahman , Kurnianto Dedy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Seaweed is a food source that comes from the sea. Seaweed has many nutrients that are important for humans. Indonesia has many seaweed species, but only a few are used industrially. Most of them come from red seaweeds of the genera Gracilaria, Gelidium, and Eucheuma. This study aims to determine the nutritional value and amino acid content as the basis for determining the potential of brown and green seaweed as food ingredients. Three species of seaweed samples were taken from different locations in Southeast Molluca waters. The tested samples were Sargassum sp. and Padina sp., which are types of brown algae, and Ulva sp., which is a type of green algae. The parameters tested were the amino acid content and proximate content of each sample. The seaweed samples tested had a range of dietary fibre content, from 46.62 to 64.23%. The highest value of the dietary fibre was reached by Ulva sp. (64 23%). The protein content in this study ranged from 3.48% to 13.08%, with Sargassum sp. having the higher protein content. Carbohydrate content has a value range of 24.42 - 39.63%. Padina is a type of seaweed that has the highest carbohydrate content. Sargassum has a complete amino acid content than the other species. The amino acid content in Sargassum is histidine, lysine, tryptophan, methionine, threonine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and valine. The conclusion from this research is that the three types of seaweed have the potential to be developed as a food source based on proximate analysis and amino acid content. Sargassum is the most potential seaweed for further development into food.
Regeneration of Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed resulting from the transformation of the PaCs gene (Citrate Synthase) to increase resistance to environmental congestion in floating net cages in Pangkep water
Authors: Suryati Emma , Tenriulo Andi , Rosmiati  , Parenrengi Andi , HM Sri Rejeki 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The PaCs (Citrate Synthase) gene of the seaweed K. alvarezii has effectively undergone in vitro transformation. To improve the survival of the transformation of the Citrate Synthase seaweed gene, it is carried out: (1) Regeneration of the results of transformation in culture chamber in the laboratory; (2) Acclimatization in green net (MS 100 μm) size 50x50x50 cm, density 200 explants maintained for 2 weeks, transferred to the blue net with a size of 50x50x50 cm (MS 200 μm) density 200 explants maintained for 4 weeks, then maintenance by the longline method using a double rope with a distance of 15 Cm on floating net cages. At intervals of two weeks, measurements of size, length, and water quality are made. Analysis of PaCs gene integration with PCR using Primary PaCS-F and PaCS-R. The results showed that the long DGR in the culture chamber was 0.11% to 0.18%/day, weight growth rate 0.62-1.30%/day, Acclimatization on green nets indicates a long growth rate of 2.28-2.3%/day, weight grow rate of 0.62 to 1.3% / day, and on blue nets, increases long grow rate 3-5%/day and weight 1.15-2.18%/day. Seaweed enlargement using the longline method shows a long growth rate of 5.3-9%/day and weight growth range from 1,23-3.2%/day. The band was located in the CaMV 35S vector at a place corresponding to the 1630 bp PaCS-F and PaCS-R promoter segments, according to the results of the integration of the Citrate Synthase gene in seaweed. Based on these findings, the seaweed K. alvarezii has successfully received the PaCS gene insertion.
The possibility of replacing corn meal with coconut waste on the growth performance of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Abdul Hadi M.F. , Othman R. , Ahmad D. , Marwah M.K. , Hashim E.F. , Abdul Ghani I.F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In Malaysia, the development of aquaculture industry faces general feed cost problems. Feed cost is about 70% to 80% of total production. One of the reason is the usage of corn meal which is expensive. Thus, the alternative way is by using plant waste. This idea develop interest towards the aquaculture industry. Hence, this study investigated the replacement of corn meal with coconut waste in different percentages and assess the growth development of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. The study design used 5 feed treatments with 3 replications treatments each. The percentage replacement of corn meal to coconut waste become the variables and labelled the treatments by P1 (10% replacement), P2 (20% replacement), P3 (30% replacement) P4 (40% replacement) and control treatment (0% replacement). The suitability of coconut waste feed product had been determine by using the growth performance based on the survival rate of the fish, absolute body weight gains, feed conversion rate and specific growth rate of the fish. Proximate analysis of the formulated feeds was also conducted. Result shows that formulated feed using 30% of coconut waste could possibly replace the corn meal and increase the growth of juvenile African catfish.
Quality and safety of fresh squid (Loligo forbesii) sold in Daya Traditional Market, Makassar, Indonesia
Authors: Kasmiati K , Syahrul S , Fahrul F , Amir N , Karsidi S , Rahmi M H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the quality and food safety of squid (Loligo forbesii) sold at Daya Traditional Market, Makassar, Indonesia. The research was conducted from January to March 2021 by collecting the sample in the morning around 09.00 - 10.00 AM with a frequency of three times a week for three weeks at different squid sellers. Organoleptic testing, TVB, and formalin were observed at a laboratory in the center for application and testing of fishery product quality, South Sulawesi, while the determination of pH and temperature of the squids was done on-site just after sampling. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of tables. The results showed that the squids sold at the traditional market were still in fresh condition and of good quality with an average value of organoleptic 7.2; pH 6.77; and temperature of 20.32°C. The Indonesian National Standard/SNI (01-2729.1-2013) regarding the safety of fresh fishery products sold at the Traditional Market in Makassar was categorized as fresh with a TVB value of 16.30 mg-N/100g. However, 33.3% of the samples contained formalin which indicated that the squids were in fresh condition but did not meet the safety standards of fishery products.
Morphological discrimination of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon between female and male based on traditional and truss morphometric analyses
Authors: Parenrengi A , Tenriulo A , Suryati E , Lante S , Nawang A , Rosmiati R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The morphological difference of tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon from Aceh waters is limited to explore for female and male discrimination using morphometric analyses. The study aimed to evaluate the morphological characters between female and male tiger shrimp using traditional and truss measurements. A total of 57 samples (39 females and 18 males) were analysed using 9 characters for traditional morphometric and 40 characters for truss morphometric. Multivariate analyses were applied to reveal the morphometric variation between male and female populations. The result of principal component analysis indicated that 4 characters, i.e: carapace length (CL), carapace width (CW), rostrum length (RL), and sixth segment length (SL6), were significantly different (P<0.05), while three truss morphological characters, i.e: distance between anterior and posterior carapace, distance between ventral posterior sixth segment to telson end, and distance between anterior and posterior second segment, were significantly discriminated (P<0.05) between female and male of tiger shrimp. Overall, 94.9% of the male and 88.9% of the female individuals were assigned to their native populations using traditional morphometric analysis, while truss morphometric was 87.2% and 88.9%, respectively. The individual proportion of 93.0% was properly classified into their original population group for traditional morphometric and 87.7% for truss morphometric characters.
Effect of bacteria probiotics on maintaining water quality in the super alkaline shrimp pond water
Authors: Atmomarsono M , Tampangallo B R , Nurbaya  , Kamariah  
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study was aimed at finding out whether bacteria probiotics could work properly in super alkaline pond water. Eight extensive ponds of about 0.5 ha in size located in Lanrisang district of Pinrang regency were used in this experiment. After pond preparation, 20,000 pcs of tiger prawn postlarvae were reared in each pond. Water quality of the pond and the bacterial count (total Vibrio and total bacteria) were monitored every two weeks and analyzed at the Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension Laboratory in Maros, South Sulawesi. Three bacteria probiotics applied here were Pseudoalteromonas sp Edeep-1 BL542, Brevibacillus laterosporus BT951, and Serratia marcescens MY1112. The powder form (A) and the liquid form (B) of bacteria probiotics were tested with four repetitions in each treatment. After 75 days of culture, both forms of bacteria probiotic had no significant differences on maintaining water quality since pond water pH sometimes increased up to 10.2. Bacteria probiotic could not work properly in super alkaline pond water. Consequently, the production and survival rate of the cultured shrimp were much lower than those of the average South Sulawesi brackishwater ponds.
Use of Sonneratia alba leaf extract solution for White Spot Syndrome Virus prevention in tiger shrimp postlarvae
Authors: Nurhidayah  , Muliani  , Nurbaya  , Atmomarsono M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is one of the leading causes of mass mortality in tiger shrimp culture. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of different immersion times in 1% Sonneratia alba extract on the ability of WSSV infected tiger shrimp to survive as post-larvae. Eight treatments were used in this study, with three replications for each. The treatments were as follows: A) 12 hours of immersion; B) 24; C) 36; D) 48; E) 60; F) 72; G) Positive control (infected with WSSV but without mangrove extract); and H) Negative control (without WSSV infection and mangrove extract). with three replications in each treatment. Tiger prawn post-larvae were stocked at a density of 20 squares per jar. At a rate of 20% of the daily biomass, they were being fed three times per day. Tiger shrimp post-larvae mortality was examined every day for eight days. At the beginning and conclusion of the study, analyses of water quality such as Total Organic Matter, NH3-N, and NO2-N, were made. The findings revealed that treatment F seemed to have the best survival rate (85.0%) and positive control had the lowest survival rate (0%). (treatment G). The shrimp were more resistant to WSSV due to the longer immersion in the herbal extracts.
Optimization of survival rate and growth performance of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in integrated rice-fish farming system with application of fentine acetate as molluscicide
Authors: Setijaningsih L , Taufik I , Puspaningsih D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fentin acetate is used as a pesticide in rice fields to eradicate pests. Research with physiological factors approach is expected to increase the survival rate and growth performances of tilapia. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of different concentrations of fentin acetate on the biological performance and hematological characteristics of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The research used 16 rice fields with a 30 m2 each (6 x 5 m). The research design used a completely randomized design with four treatments and three replications: A. 0.00 g L−1, B. 0.375 g L−1, C. 0.75 g L−1 and D. 1.5 g L−1. The results showed that treatment C resulted in the best growth of tilapia. It was noted that absolute weight gain, daily growth rate and productivity were significantly different (P<0.05) with treatments A, B and D. The highest value in treatment C were 20.53 g (absolute weight gain), 5.43 (daily growth rate) and 501.58 g (productivity). The survival rate in treatments B and C were not significantly different (P>0.05) as well as treatments A and D. The concentration of molluscicide fentin acetate at a dose of 0.75 g/L affected the decrease in the hematological characteristics of tilapia.