bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-small cell lung cancer: how do experts want to be treated?
Authors: Aksel Nimet , Yoldaş Banu , Kıraklı Esra , Petekkaya İbrahim 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives: Lung cancer is the leading cancer type among cancer deaths in the world and our country. There are some controversial issues that specialists dealing with oncology have difficulty in decision making. The aim of this study is to determine the approach of physicians of different specialties to the management of lung cancer.Methods: In this study, an on line questionnaire was applied to specialists of lung cancer. In this questionnaire there were some lung cancer scenarios created on controversial issues, each including different stages of the disease. The scenarios were based on the hypothesis that “the participating physicians had lung cancer themselves”, and expected to answer the treatment scenarios in this wise. The participants are pulmonologists, thoracic surgeons, radiation oncologists and medical oncologists. Results: Of the participating 170 physicians 45% were radiation oncologists, 24% pulmonologists, 23% thoracic surgeons and 8% medical oncologists. In the scenario, created to determine the approach to surgery in N2 disease, 45% of cases preferred surgery. It was also remarkable that surgery was preferred 16% in N3 diasease. In stage 1A2 disease, when pulmonary functions were insufficient for surgery, radiotherapy was preferred by 64% of cases. In the scenario questioning the decision about chemotherapy in T3N2 disease, cisplatin-etoposide vs paclitaxel-carboplatin options were preferred 32%, 26% respectively. The approach to solitary brain metastasis was 64% in favor of stereotactic radiotherapy after brain surgery. Immunotherapy was the preferred treatment when multipl brain metastasis occured in case with negative driver mutations and PDL1>1%. In oligometastatic disease, 97% of cases preferred surgery for both lung and metastatic side. Conclusions: Although there are guidelines in the management of lung cancer, there are still controversial issues with renewed treatment protocols in some special conditions. We believe that the results of this study will highlight these issues.
Diffuse and massive endocardial sarcocystosis in a lamb
Authors: Nourani Hossein , Sadr Soheil 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Sarcocystosis is an important parasitic zoonosis caused by Sarcocystis species, an intracellular protozoan parasite of the Apicomplexa phylum and one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases among wild and domestic animals all around the world. Infection in the definitive host is mainly characterized by the formation of cysts in muscle tissue. In intermediate host skeletal muscles, diaphragm and heart are the favored locations for Sarcocystis spp. While we were examining the heart of a dead, three-month old lamb, incidentally, we observed striking, white and discrete spots, measuring 2-3 mm, that were diffusely distributed in endocardium. Microscopically, numerous sarcocysts were seen within cardiomyocyts and purkinje fibers. No different pathological modifications had been found in inflamed muscle fibers or surround interstitium. To the best of our knowledge, there is no case report about diffuse involvement of endocardium by Sarcocystis spp. and this uncommon form of sarcocystosis prompted us to place the current case on record.
Countrywide insecticide resistance monitoring and first report of the presence of knock down resistance east in Niger, West Africa
Authors: Soumaila Hadiza , Hamani Boubé , Arzika Ibrahim Issa , Amadou Soumana , Daouda Abdoulaye , Souleymane Iro , Gouro Samira , Sani Mahamane , Mahamadou Izamné , Kadri Saadou , Salé Noura Mamane , Hounkanrin Wilfried , Mahamadou Boubacar , Zamaka Halima , Labbo Rabiou , Jackou Hadiza , Idrissa Sabiti , Coulibaly Eric , Bahari-Tohon Zilahatou , Mathieu Els , Carlson Jenny , Dotson Ellen , Awolola Taiwo Samson , Flatley Cecilia , Chabi Joseph 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Mass distribution of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) is the principal malaria vector control strategy adopted by Niger. To better inform on the most appropriate ITNs to distribute, the Niger National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP), with the support of the U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative and its partners, conducted insecticide resistance monitoring in sixteen sites selected across the country.
Methods
The susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) to chlorfenapyr and pyrethroid insecticides was investigated in nine sites in 2019 and fifteen sites in 2020, including eightfrom the previous year. The susceptibility status, pyrethroid resistance intensity at 5 and 10 times the diagnostic concentrations, and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) synergism with diagnostic concentrations of deltamethrin, permethrin and alpha-cypermethrin were assessed using WHO bioassays. Two doses (100 and 200 µg/bottle) of chlorfenapyr were tested using the CDC bottle assay method. Species composition and allele frequencies for knock-down resistance (kdr-west and kdr-east) and acetylcholinesterase (ace-1) mutations were further characterized using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results
High resistance to all pyrethroids tested was observed in all sixteen sites during both years. Pre-exposure to PBO substantially increased susceptibility with average increases in mortality from 30 to 70% for deltamethrin, 0 to 60% for permethrin, and 5 to 70% for alpha-cypermethrin. Susceptibility to chlorfenapyr (100 ug/bottle) was recorded in all sites except in Tessaoua and Magaria where susceptibility was recorded at the dose of 200 ug/bottle. The kdr-e allele, investigated for the first time, was detected in the country. Both kdr-w and kdr-e were present in all 15 sites surveyed in 2020, at frequencies between 0.46–0.81 and 0.41–0.87, respectively. An. coluzzii was the predominant malaria vector species in the 16 sites surveyed for insecticide susceptibility followed by An. gambiae s.s. and An. arabiensis.
Conclusion
The data collected showed high resistance to pyrethroids with the involvement of various resistance mechanisms, which will guide the NMCP in making evidence-based decisions to better adapt vector control strategies and insecticide resistance management in Niger, starting with the introduction of new generation ITNs such as interceptor G2 and PBO ITNs for mass distribution campaigns, by targeting sites where the vector population showed susceptibility to chlorfenapyr or increased mortality using PBO synergism.
Validation of the Self-Reported Domains of the Edmonton Frail Scale in Patients 65 Years of Age and Older
Authors: Sirisegaram Luxey , Owodunni Oluwafemi P. , Ehrlich April , Qin Caroline Xu , Bettick Dianne , Gearhart Susan L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction: In the era of virtual care, self-reported tools are beneficial for preoperative assessments and facilitating postoperative planning. We have previously reported the use of the Edmonton Frailty Scale (EFS) as a valid preoperative assessment tool. Objective: We wished to validate the self-reported domains of the EFS (srEFS) by examining its association with loss of independence (LOI) and mortality. Methods: This is a single-institution observational study of patients ≥ 65 years undergoing multi-specialty surgical procedures who were assessed preoperatively with the EFS. Exploratory data analysis of the EFS was used to determine the threshold for identifying frailty on the srEFS. Procedures were classified using the Operative Stress Score (OSS) scored 1 – 5 (lowest to highest). Hierarchical Condition Category (HCC) was utilized to risk-adjust. LOI was described as a change in functional status at discharge and mortality was defined as in-hospital or up to 30 days following discharge. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to estimate areas under the curves for srEFS versus EFS in relation to LOI and 30-day mortality. Results: 535 patients were included. Exploratory analysis confirmed best positive predictive value for srEFS was ³5. Overall, 113 (21%) patients were frail and 179 (33.5%) patients had an 0SS ³5. LOI occurred in 38 (7%) patients and the mortality rate was 4% (21 patients). ROC analysis showed that the srEFS performed similarly the standard EFS with no difference in discriminatory thresholds for predicting LOI and mortality. Examination of the domains of the EFS demonstrated a lack of association between cognitive decline and the outcomes of interest. However, functional status assessed with either the Get up and Go or self-reported ADLs was independently associated with increased risk for LOI.Conclusion: This study shows that self-reported components EFS are sufficiently valid as a high-risk assessment and are useful in virtual preoperative evaluation to help predict LOI and mortality.
Image-based Hemodynamics and Wall Enhancement in a Superior Basilar Aneurysm: Growth to Rupture
Authors: † Yunchu Yao , † Fei Peng , Mei Yuqian , Zhang Xuyang , Zhang Xuehuan , Xu Yuanqing , Chen* Duanduan , Liu* Aihua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) could be used to evaluate the inflammatory process of tissue remodeling via aneurysm wall enhancement (AWE), however, due to the lack of longitudinal evidence, its relationship to the flow pattern has not been fully understood. In this study, HR-MRI and computational hemodynamics were synchronously analyzed on a longitudinal case, from growth to rupture, to reveal the biomechanical and pathological development of intracranial aneurysm (IA).Methods: One patient with superior basilar aneurysm was strictly examined. The growing process and the rupture event of the IA was captured via longitudinal HR-MRI examinations. The signal intensity, thickness of enhancement region, and spatial growth of IA were quantified. In addition, computational fluidic analysis was applied on the patient-specific model at each time points. Precise voxel-based comparison was conducted among the morphological, hemodynamic and enhancement data. Results: There was a significant difference in the flow pattern between enhancement and non-enhancement areas. The time-averaged wall shear stress was negatively correlated with the radial growth of IA (r=-0.413). Enhancement areas were found consistent to the presentations of low flow velocity. Peak signal intensity occurred in the area where displacement index or its rate were in positive values.Conclusions: Based on this growth to rupture longitudinal study, the relationship between hemodynamic patterns to AWE features was confirmed. The rupture site of IA was likely to occur in the junction between the growing and the non-growing interface of the aneurysm wall.
Prioritising the restoration of marine and coastal ecosystems using ecosystem accounting
Authors: Carnell Paul , McLeod Reiss , Young Mary , Gillies Chris , Obst Carl , Macreadie Peter , Ierodiaconou Daniel , Reeves Simon , Eigenraam Mark , Janes Holger , Kelvin Jaya , Nicholson Emily 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ecosystem accounting is a structured approach to compiling environmental and economic information. While accounts are typically used to compile data on past trends, they have an unrealised capacity to also be used to inform decisions by providing a structured approach to scenario evaluation of potential futures. We used the global standard for ecosystem accounting (System for Environmental Economic Accounting), to examine past trends and potential future restoration options in two large metropolitan bays, where data existed for tidal marshes, mangroves and seagrass. We assessed options for reversing the loss of these ecosystems and although the net benefit varied between sites, we found that if all sites were restored, the overall investment-benefit ratio would be 10.5, resulting from AUD$100 million of ecosystem services from an investment of AUD$8.5 million. This study highlights the advantage of structured approaches to data compilation through ecosystem accounts, and consideration of ecosystem dynamics and response to restoration actions, to inform management decisions.
Socio-demographic, Behavioural and Clinical determinants influencing Control of Diabetes and Hypertension in Urban Mysore, South India: A Mixed-Method Study
Authors: Dey Sudeshna , Mukherjee Aparna , Pati Manoj Kumar , Kar Arin , Ramanaik Satyanarayana , Pujar Ashwini , Malve Vidyacharan , Mohan H. L. , Jayanna Krishnamurthy , Swaroop N 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundInadequate control of diabetes and hypertension is a major concern in India because of rising mortality and morbidity. Few studies in India have explored factors that influence control of diabetes and hypertension. The current study aimed to improve the understanding of multifactorial influence on the control of diabetes and hypertension among patients in Primary Health Care Settings(PHC) of urban Karnataka.MethodsWe used a mixed-method study design, within a project aiming to improve non-communicable disease (NCD) continuum of care across PHC in Mysore city, India, conducted in 2018. The quantitative study was conducted among 399 patients with diabetes and/or hypertension and a logistic regression model was used to assess the factors responsible for biological control levels of diabetes and hypertension measured through Glycated Haemoglobin(HbA1c) and blood pressure. Further, in-depth interviews(IDI) were conducted among these patients and the counsellors at PHCs to understand the barriers and enablers for better control.ResultThe quantitative assessment found odds of poor control amongst diabetics’ increased with older age, longer duration of disease, additional chronic conditions, and tobacco consumption. For hypertensives, odds of poor control increased with higher body mass index(BMI), alcohol consumption, and belongingness to lower social groups. These findings were elaborated through qualitative assessment which found that the control status was affected by stress as a result of family or financial worries. Stress, poor lifestyle, and poor health-seeking behaviour interplay with other factors like diet and exercise leading to poor control of diabetes and hypertension.ConclusionA better understanding of determinants associated with disease control can assist in designing focused patient outreach plans, customized communication strategies, need-based care delivery plans, and specific competency-based capacity-building models for health care workers. Client-centric care focusing on biological, social and behavioural determinants is pivotal for appropriate management of NCDs at community level in low-middle income countries.
Exploring caregiver representations that could be obstacles or elements favouring the implementation of therapeutic patient education programmes for people with schizophrenia: a qualitative study of mental health professionals’ perceptions
Authors: Rat Corinne , Meunier-Beillard Nicolas , Moulard Samuel , Denis Frederic 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundIn France, there are two main types of psychosocial educational therapies for people with mental disorders: 1) therapeutic patient education (TPE) or "training" and 2) psychoeducation. Both types of educational therapy aim to improve disease morbidity, treatment compliance and patient quality of life, but they have very different modes of application. The aim this study was to interview mental health professionals in order to explore and identify the determinants (barriers and enablers) underlying their acceptance of therapeutic patient education (TPE) in order to facilitate the implementation of these programmes among people with severe mental illness such as schizophrenia.MethodsIn this multicentre cross-sectional study, we opted for a qualitative approach based on individual semi-structured interviews with 21 mental health professionals trained in TPE, regardless of whether they had practiced it before or not. In accordance with the "Jardé" law. (Decree n°2016 − 1537 dated 16 November 2016 published on 17 November 2016 in the Official Journal of the French Republic). No regulatory approval was required for this study.ResultsThe major themes that emerged from the analysis were grouped into the following conceptual framework: 1) mental health professionals (MHPs) highlight important organizational and institutional challenges that they feel are beyond their scope; 2) MHPs mention in parallel their own perceptions and representations of TPE in the context of mental health care, 3) MHPs’ representations could hide a lack of knowledge or awareness that would prevent them from appropriating TPE programmes. For each major theme, the sub-themes identified are presented.ConclusionsAlthough TPE is of interest in the process of patient empowerment, we found that caregivers were reluctant to appropriate this approach to care. Efforts must be made in the initial and ongoing training of MHPs to move from a paternalistic model to a patient partnership model, which is made possible by TPE. These efforts must also be firmly supported by health care facilities, and proactive governance is required for the successful implementation of TPE.Trial registrationretrospectively registered
Antifungal activity and genomic characterization of the isolate Bacillus velezensis CMRP 4489, a biocontrol agent for plant-pathogenic fungi
Authors: Baptista Julia Pezarini , Teixeira Gustavo Manoel , Jesus Maria Luiza Abreu , Bertê Rosiana , Higashi Allan , Mosella Mirela , Silva Daniel Vieira , Oliveira João Paulo , Sanches Danilo Sipoli , Brancher Jacques Duílio , Balbi-Peña Maria Isabel , Padua Ulisses Pereira , de Oliveira Admilton Gonçalves 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The development of bio-based products has increased on account of numerous factors, including environmental awareness, human health concerns, and the more frequent selection of resistant pathogens to synthetic products. Among the studied genera for product development are the species of the Bacillus genus due to their elevated production of molecules with antimicrobial activity and resistance to extreme environmental conditions through endospore formation. In this context, the antifungal potential of Bacillus velezensis strain CMRP 4489 was investigated using in silico predictions of secondary metabolites in its genome and in vitro tests against the following phytopathogenic fungi: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (SS), Macrophomina phaseolina (MP), and Botrytis cinerea (BC). The in silico predictions indicated that CMRP 4489 possesses several Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs) capable of producing molecules with antifungal properties and other non-identified BGCs. The in vitro assay results evidenced strong antifungal activity, inhibiting more than 60% of the tested fungi, and the isolate’s molecules were stable under diverse physicochemical conditions. Therefore, CMRP 4489 showed to be a potential biocontrol agent against various diseases with agronomical importance and can be used under adverse environmental conditions.
Occurrence of asymptomatic malaria infection and living conditions in the lowlands of Ethiopia; a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Goshu Endale Mengesha , Zerefa Meseret Dessalegne , Tola Habteyes Hailu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: A significant decline in malaria burden was documented in previously high burden African countries. Even though the global decline in malaria burden was significant, about 95% of it was typically found in 29 African countries. The considerable reduction in malaria incidence was noted due to effective prevention and treatment efforts, and rapid changes in living conditions. The relationship between the occurrence of asymptomatic malaria infection and household living conditions is well unstudied. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between household living conditions and the occurrence of asymptomatic malaria in the lowlands of Ethiopia.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study conducted in twelve villages of Gambella, SNNPR and Afar in Ethiopia. A total of 1366 households were randomly selected, interviewed, and tested for malaria by Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) and blood film microscopic examination.Results: Dwellings built with traditional wall materials (p = 0.050), spending nights with cattle in the same house (p=0.000), and availability of a kitchen in the main house with no partition (p = 0.004), were significantly associated with asymptomatic malaria infection after adjusting for the effect of other confounding variables.Conclusions: Policies and strategies on malaria elimination need to address or target improvements of living conditions of rural residents.
Competition to Promote Teaching and Improving Nursing Skill Using the Team Game Tournament Method with Learning from Competition
Authors: Fang Yu Yuan , Lin Yish-Yuan , Lu Li-Ting 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The acquisition of nursing skills is one of the essential learning competencies for nursing students. One way of promoting teaching through competitive play this is via the team game tournament (TGT) method, a teaching strategy based on the team-based learning approach that creates a lively and fun tournament-like atmosphere to facilitate learning. A pedagogy built on the theoretical foundations of the TGT’s composition and principles, the activities of a three-week medical-surgical nursing technology course were formulated to include teaching plan design instructions, TGT steps and procedures, and skill assessment tools. After testing the TGT method on a group of 48 students, through pedagogical design proved that it could enhance learning motivation and participation, cultivate critical thinking, and facilitate research tool development. While this learning method has fixed rules for learning content, it can still effectively hone the cognitive and critical thinking skills of students and enable them to become better nurses.
The association between Body Fat Distribution and Bone Mineral Density: Evidence from the US population
Authors: Ma Ming , Liu Xiaolong , Jia Gengxin , Geng Bin , Xia Yayi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association between different body fat distribution and different sites of BMD in male and female populations.Methods: Use the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) datasets to select participants. The weighted linear regression model investigated the difference in body fat and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in different gender. Multivariate adjusted smoothing curve-fitting and multiple linear regression models were used to explore whether an association existed between body fat distribution and BMD. Last, a subgroup analysis was performed according to age and gender group.Results: Overall, 2,881 participants were included in this study. Compared to males, female participants had lower BMD (P < 0.05) and higher Gynoid fat mass (P < 0.00001), while there was no difference between Android fat mass (P = 0.91). Android fat mass was positively associated with Total femur BMD (Males, β = 0.044, 95% CI = 0.037, 0.051, P < 0.00001; Females, β = 0.044, 95% CI = 0.039, 0.049, P < 0.00001), Total spine BMD (Males, β = 0.036, 95% CI = 0.029, 0.044, P < 0.00001; Females, β = 0.025, 95% CI = 0.019, 0.031, P < 0.00001), and other sites. Subgroup analysis of age and ethnicity reached similar results.Conclusion: Body fat in different regions was positively associated with BMD in different sites, and this association persisted in subgroup analyses across age and race in different gender.