bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autism‐friendly eyecare: Developing recommendations for service providers based on the experiences of autistic adults
Authors: Parmar Ketan R. , Porter Catherine S. , Dickinson Christine M. , Baimbridge Peter , Pelham James , Gowen Emma 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeAutistic people face significant barriers when accessing healthcare services. Eye examinations present unique challenges. Accessibility of this healthcare sector for autistic people has not been investigated previously. The aim of this research was to investigate eye examination accessibility for autistic adults and produce recommendations for autism‐friendly eyecare.MethodsTwo qualitative studies were conducted. In Study 1, 18 autistic adults took part in focus groups to elicit their eye examination experiences. Transcripts of the recorded discussions were thematically analysed. Study 1 findings were used to design autism‐friendly eye examinations for autistic adults. These were conducted in Study 2. Twenty‐four autistic adults participated in these examinations, during which they were interviewed about their experience and how it might be improved by reasonable modifications. Audio recordings of the interviews were content analysed.ResultsKnowledge of what to expect, in advance of the eye examination, could greatly reduce anxiety. Participants liked the logical structure of the examination, and the interesting instrumentation used. However, the examination and practice environment did include sensory challenges, due to lights, sound and touch. Changes in practice layout, and interacting with multiple staff members, was anxiety provoking. Participants expressed a need for thorough explanations from the optometrist that outlined the significance of each test, and what the patient was expected to do.ConclusionA number of accessiblity barriers were identified. These suggested that UK eye examinations are not very accessible for autistic adults. Barriers began at the point of booking the appointment and continued through to the dispensing of spectacles. These caused anxiety and stress for this population, but could be reduced with easy‐to‐implement adaptations. Based on the findings, recommendations are presented here for the whole eyecare team which suggest how more autism‐friendly eye examinations can be provided.
The PGS1 basic helix‐loop‐helix protein regulates Fl3 to impact seed growth and grain yield in cereals
Authors: Guo Xiaojiang , Fu Yuxin , Lee Yuh‐Ru Julie , Chern Mawsheng , Li Maolian , Cheng Mengping , Dong Huixue , Yuan Zhongwei , Gui Lixuan , Yin Junjie , Qing Hai , Zhang Chengbi , Pu Zhien , Liu Yujiao , Li Weitao , Li Wei , Qi Pengfei , Chen Guoyue , Jiang Qiantao , Ma Jian , Chen Xuewei , Wei Yuming , Zheng Youliang , Wu Yongrui , Liu Bo , Wang Jirui 
Published: March 2022

SummaryPlant transcription factors (TFs), such as basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) and AT‐rich zinc‐binding proteins (PLATZ), play critical roles in regulating the expression of developmental genes in cereals. We identified the bHLH protein TaPGS1 (T. aestivum Positive Regulator of Grain Size 1) specifically expressed in the seeds at 5–20 days post‐anthesis in wheat. TaPGS1 was ectopically overexpressed (OE) in wheat and rice, leading to increased grain weight (up to 13.81% in wheat and 18.55% in rice lines) and grain size. Carbohydrate and total protein levels also increased. Scanning electron microscopy results indicated that the starch granules in the endosperm of TaPGS1 OE wheat and rice lines were smaller and tightly embedded in a proteinaceous matrix. Furthermore, TaPGS1 was bound directly to the E‐box motif at the promoter of the PLATZ TF genes TaFl3 and OsFl3 and positively regulated their expression in wheat and rice. In rice, the OsFl3 CRISPR/Cas9 knockout lines showed reduced average thousand‐grain weight, grain width, and grain length in rice. Our results reveal that TaPGS1 functions as a valuable trait‐associated gene for improving cereal grain yield.
Plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria Shewanella putrefaciens and Cronobacter dublinensis enhance drought tolerance of pearl millet by modulating hormones and stress‐responsive genes
Authors: Manjunatha Booragamakalapalli Subbarayappa , Nivetha Nagarajan , Krishna Gopinathan Kumar , Elangovan Allimuthu , Pushkar Suchitra , Chandrashekar Narayanappa , Aggarwal Chetana , Asha Arambam Devi , Chinnusamy Viswanathan , Raipuria Ritesh Kumar , Watts Anshul , Bandeppa Sonth , Dukare Ajinath Shridhar , Paul Sangeeta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDrought is a major abiotic stress that affects crop productivity. Endophytic bacteria have been found to alleviate the adverse effects of drought on plants. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of two endophytic bacteria Shewanella putrefaciens strain MCL‐1 and Cronobacter dublinensis strain MKS‐1 on pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) under drought stress conditions. Pearl millet plants were grown under three water levels: field capacity (FC), mild drought stress (MD), and severe drought stress (SD). The effects of inoculation on plant growth, physiological attributes, phytohormone content, and drought stress‐responsive genes were assessed. The inoculation of pearl millet seeds with endophytes significantly improved shoot and root dry weight and root architecture of plants grown under FC and drought stress conditions. There was a significant increase in relative water content and proline accumulation in the inoculated plants. Among the phytohormones analyzed, the content of ABA and IAA was significantly higher in endophyte‐treated plants under all moisture regimes than in uninoculated plants. C. dublinensis‐inoculated plants had higher GA content than uninoculated plants under all moisture regimes. The expression level of genes involved in phytohormone biosynthesis (SbNCED, SbGA20oX, and SbYUC) and coding drought‐responsive transcription factors (SbAP2, SbSNAC1 and PgDREB2A) was significantly higher under SD in endophyte‐inoculated plants than in uninoculated plants. Thus, these endophytic bacteria presumably enhanced the tolerance of pearl millet to drought stress by modulating root growth, plant hormones, physiology and the expression of genes involved in drought tolerance.
Lower activity linkage between caregivers and persons with neurodegenerative diseases is associated with greater caregiver anxiety
Authors: Chen Kuan‐Hua , Casey James J. , Connelly Dyan E. , Merrilees Jennifer , Yang Chien‐Ming , Miller Bruce L. , Levenson Robert W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhysiological linkage refers to the degree to which two individuals' central/peripheral physiological activities change in coordinated ways. Previous research has focused primarily on linkage in the autonomic nervous system in laboratory settings, particularly examining how linkage is associated with social behavior and relationship quality. In this study, we examined how linkage in couples' daily somatic activity (e.g., synchronized movement measured from wrist sensors)—another important aspect of peripheral physiology—was associated with relationship quality and mental health. We focused on persons with neurodegenerative diseases (PWNDs) and their spousal caregivers, whose linkage might have direct implications for the PWND–caregiver relationship and caregiver’s health. Twenty‐two PWNDs and their caregivers wore wristwatch actigraphy devices that provided continuous measurement of activity over 7 days at home. PWND–caregiver activity linkage was quantified by the degree to which activity was “in‐phase” or “anti‐phase” linked (i.e., coordinated changes in the same or opposite direction) during waking hours, computed by correlating minute‐by‐minute activity levels averaged using a 10‐min rolling window. Caregivers completed well‐validated surveys that assessed their mental health (including anxiety and depression) and relationship quality with the PWND. We found that lower in‐phase activity linkage, but not anti‐phase linkage, was associated with higher caregiver anxiety. These dyad‐level effects were robust, remaining significant after adjusting for somatic activity at the individual level. No effects were found for caregiver depression or relationship quality. These findings suggest activity linkage and wearables may be useful for day‐by‐day monitoring of vulnerable populations such as family caregivers. We offered several possible explanations for our findings.
‘Actually’ again
Authors: Stephanou Yannis 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSome authors have suggested that, contrary to what is usually thought, ‘actually’ and similar expressions (‘in fact’, ‘in reality’, etc.) cannot effect a return to the actual world when used in a context generated by a different modal operator, and so are quite unlike the actuality operator of modal logic. I argue that they can induce such a return. The argument involves comparing them with other devices that can play a similar role, such as scope and mood, and examining the effect of ‘actually’ and the like in a range of different sentences.
Transnational Machine Learning with Screens for Flagging Bid-Rigging Cartels
Authors: Huber Martin , Imhof David , Ishii Rieko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe investigate the transnational transferability of statistical screening methods originally developed using Swiss data for detecting bid-rigging cartels in Japan. We find that combining screens with machine learning (either a random forest or an ensemble method consisting of six different algorithms) to classify collusive versus competitive tenders entails (depending on the model) correct classification rates of 88%–97% when training and testing the method on the Okinawa bid-rigging cartel. As in Switzerland, bid rigging in Okinawa reduced the variance and increased the asymmetry in the distribution of bids. When training the models in data from one country to test their performance in the data from the other country, imbalance increases between the correct prediction of truly collusive and competitive tenders for all machine learners and classification rates go down substantially when using the random forest as machine learner, due to some screens for competitive Japanese tenders being similar to those for collusive Swiss tenders. Demeaning the screens reduces such distortions due to institutional differences across countries such that correct classification rates based on training in one and testing in the other country amount to 85% and to 90% when using the ensemble method as machine learner, which generally outperforms the random forest.
Basic prerequisites for on‐line, high‐volume hemodiafiltration
Authors: Ward Richard A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHigh‐volume hemodiafiltration involves filtration of >23 L/treatment and its replacement by sterile non‐pyrogenic substitution fluid, while maintaining the patient's fluid balance. That volume of substitution fluid precludes the use of prepackaged sterile fluid. Instead, substitution fluid must be prepared on‐line using machines that incorporate a series of bacteria‐ and endotoxin‐retentive filters. The sterilizing ultrafilters are validated to deliver sterile, non‐pyrogenic fluid to the patient when operated according to the machine manufacturer's instructions and in compliance with international standards and regulatory oversight. A successful hemodiafiltration program also places important responsibilities on the user. Specifically, the user is responsible for ensuring that the dialysis water or dialysis fluid delivered to the sterilizing filters of the hemodiafiltration machine meets the machine manufacturer's specifications and is consistent with the quality used in the sterilization validation process. The user is also responsible for ensuring that the treatment prescription allows a filtration volume >23 L/treatment to be achieved by careful selection of a dialyzer, blood flow rate and treatment time. Questions related to assurance that the substitution fluid will routinely be sterile and non‐pyrogenic have limited the uptake of on‐line hemodiafiltration as a therapeutic option in some countries, such as the United States.
Sunni participation in a Shi‘i‐led Iraq: Identity politics and the road to redefining the national ethos
Authors: Machlis Elisheva 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article examines group membership and inter‐group relations in Iraq through the prism of Sunni political participation in the post‐2003 era. There has been much scholarly interest in this process of regime change, which has generally focused on the Sunni insurgency and the Shi‘i shift towards sectarianism. Less, however, is known about the Sunni leaders who cooperated with the new Shi‘i‐Kurdish federation. These new Sunni players had little manoeuvring space to truly address the socio‐economic challenges of a marginalized community. Their success lay in placing Sunnis on the political map of the new power‐sharing system, thereby providing an alternative to militant separatism and political exclusivity and paving the way to legitimizing Sunni participation in the political process. Growing realism in the aftermath of the ISIS takeover and acceptance of a civic model may now lead to greater inter‐communal cooperation based on professionalism and pragmatism. Understanding the limits of identity‐based politics can contribute to the emergence of more cross‐communal alliances based on a moderate Islamic outlook, broad affinity with an Arab heritage, and all‐Iraqi inclusivity. This case illustrates that identity politics is not detached from power, interests, and majority‐minority relations. Therefore, all of these components should be woven together to fully comprehend the role played by identity as part of the political dynamics.
Imbalanced distribution of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and ILC precursors in peripheral blood of patients with primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Li Haolong , Zhan Haoting , Cheng Linlin , Yan Songxin , Wang Li , Li Yongzhe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInnate lymphoid cells (ILCs), a novel group of innate immune cells, play a key role in the early immune response via rapidly reacting to signals expressed by tissue‐resident cells. ILCs contribute to some autoimmune diseases. We aim to investigate the proportions of circulating ILC subgroups in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Overall, 48 patients with PBC and 24 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Circulating ILCs and cytokine production were detected by flow cytometry. The proportions of total ILCs, ILC precursors (ILCPs) and ILCP/ILC2 ratio increased and that of ILC2s decreased in patients with PBC. ILC2 proportion was negatively correlated with gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The proportion of ILCPs and ILCP/ILC2 ratio were positively correlated with alkaline phosphatase, GGT, ALT and AST. ILC2 proportion was significantly decreased in the ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) ‐non‐responder group compared with the UDCA‐responder group, whereas the proportion of ILCPs and ILCP/ILC2 were ratio significantly increased. The proportions of CD38+ILC2s, CD38+ILCPs, CD45RO+ILC2s and CD45RO+ILCPs were significantly higher in patients with PBC than in HCs. Levels of IL‐17A producing ILCs were higher in patients with PBC than in HCs. PBC is accompanied by alterations in circulating ILCs. The proportions of ILC2s, ILCPs, and ILCP/ILC2 ratio were associated with the PBC disease activity. The proportions of ILCPs and ILCP/ILC2 ratio may reflect the UDCA treatment failure in patients with PBC. ILC2s and ILCPs from patients with PBC get activated, these cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of PBC.
Long non‐coding RNAs in systemic lupus erythematosus: New insights into disease pathogenesis and diagnosis
Authors: Chen Xin , Cheng Qi , Wu Huaxiang , Du Yan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a remarkable heterogeneous autoimmune disease that is sometimes hard to diagnose at the early stage and can lead to premature mortality. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non‐protein‐coding RNAs greater than 200 nucleotides in length that can regulate gene expression in various human diseases, including SLE. Peripheral blood samples and renal tissue samples from SLE patients were used for study. Abnormally expressed lncRNAs in SLE have been shown to influence several signalling pathways, including the IFN‐I, MAPK and WNT pathways. This can affect cellular phenotypes like cell activation, differentiation skewing, cytokine production and cell apoptosis. Many of the reported lncRNAs may be useful for diagnosing, evaluating progression and predicting potential organ damage in SLE patients. While numerous lncRNAs play important roles in SLE, more basic and clinical studies are warranted to clarify the function of these regulatory molecules and determine their diagnostic value.
Charisma in Right‐Wing Populism: Comparing the View of the Leader and Followers within the Swiss People’s Party
Authors: Favero Adrian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ‘charismatic leader’ is a recurring topic within the literature on populist radical right parties (PRRPs), arguing that charisma is important for the success of these parties. However, most studies assess charismatic leadership only through the perception of the leaders' followers and make no statement on the leaders' perspectives and their role for party institutionalisation. This article compares the supply and the demand sides of charisma by drawing on interviews with the so‐called charismatic leader of the Swiss People's Party (SVP) – Christoph Blocher – and local, regional and national party representatives. The article shows that assessing both perspectives contributes to a better understanding of charisma and its importance for internal leadership in institutionalised PRRPs. The case of the SVP further demonstrates that successful party institutionalisation and a strong internal organisational structure make the party's durability less dependent on the charismatic leader and could lead to efforts of depersonalisation.
The rhetoric of the Brazilian far‐right, built in the streets: The case of Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Bayarri Toscano Gabriel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article is an ethnographic exploration of the construction of far‐right rhetoric in Brazil. It begins with a description of events on the final day of the 2018 election, when Jair Messias Bolsonaro won the presidency. To contextualise this scene, I analyse how far‐right rhetoric was articulated in the Brazilian public sphere from June 2013 until 2018, specifically in the state of Rio de Janeiro, through a series of key events that were fundamental in constructing far‐right identity claims and collective mobilisation into an anti‐corruption and militarised rhetoric in the electoral campaign. The article shows the importance of these specific events in developing what became the ‘Bolsonarist rhetoric’—or Bolsonarismo—as part of a broader international politics of disaffection.
Systematic review: Development of a person‐centered care framework within the context of HIV treatment settings in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Duffy Malia , Madevu‐Matson Caitlin , Posner Jessica E. , Zwick Hana , Sharer Melissa , Powell Antonia M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesPerson‐centred care (PCC) meets the needs of individuals by increasing convenience, providing supportive and culturally appropriate services to diverse populations, and engaging families, communities, and stakeholders in planning and provision of care. While the evidence demonstrates that PCC approaches can lead to clinical improvements across the HIV care continuum, it is not yet well defined in the context of HIV service delivery.MethodsA systematic review was conducted to define PCC practices for HIV treatment services in health facilities in sub‐Saharan Africa. Data synthesis led to the development of a PCC framework including domain and sub‐domain development. The study team used the Effective Public Health Project Practice tool for quantitative studies to assess the quality of the included studies.ResultsThirty‐one studies from 12 countries met the inclusion criteria, including 56,586 study participants (females 42%–100% and males 0%—58%), resulting in three major domains and 11 sub‐domains. These include staffing (sub‐domains of composition, availability, and competency); service delivery standards (sub‐domains of client feedback mechanisms; service efficiency and integration; convenience and access; and digital health worker support tools); and direct client support services (sub‐domains of psychosocial services, logistics support, client‐agency, and digital client support tools). Twenty‐five of the person‐centred interventions within these domains resulted in improvements in linkage to care, treatment retention, and/or viral suppression.ConclusionsThe PCC framework can help to provide a more consistent classification of HIV treatment interventions and will support improved assessment of these interventions to ensure that people receive personalised care.
Comparison of Thermodynamic Performances in Three Geothermal Power Plants Using Flash Steam
Authors: Farsi Aida , Rosen Marc A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three geothermal systems, including single-flash, double-flash, and double-flash connected turbine flash geothermal power plants, are compared in terms of electrical power production and exergy efficiency. In the double-flash connected turbine (double-T) geothermal electrical power production systems, the outlet stream from the first steam turbine is recovered in the mixing chamber and combined with the vapor product of the second separator. The thermodynamic model for the single-flash, double-flash, and double-T geothermal systems is developed using energy and exergy balances for each component of the systems. From the thermodynamic model, the optimum flash chambers pressures, at which the electrical power production is a maximum, can be determined. It is found that, for an input geothermal source temperature of 230 °C and an input geothermal water mass flowrate of 230 kg/s, the optimum pressures for the first flash chamber are 300 kPa, 350 kPa, and 350 kPa for the single-flash, double-flash, and double-T geothermal systems, respectively. The electrical power produced in these systems at their corresponding optimum flashing pressures, respectively, are 16,000 kW, 19,500 kW, and 20,600 kW. Also, for the single-flash, double-flash, and double-T geothermal systems, the exergy efficiency at the optimum flash chamber pressures are found to be 44.2%, 47.1%, and 48.5%, respectively.