bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doped semiconducting polymer nanoantennas for tunable organic plasmonics
Authors: Karki Akchheta , Yamashita Yu , Chen Shangzhi , Kurosawa Tadanori , Takeya Jun , Stanishev Vallery , Darakchieva Vanya , Watanabe Shun , Jonsson Magnus P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOptical nanoantennas are often based on plasmonic resonances in metal nanostructures, but their dynamic tunability is limited due to the fixed permittivity of conventional metals. Recently, we introduced PEDOT-based conducting polymers as an alternative materials platform for dynamic plasmonics and metasurfaces. Here, we expand dynamic organic plasmonic systems to a wider class of doped polythiophene-based semiconducting polymers. We present nanodisks of PBTTT semiconducting polymer doped with a dicationic salt, enabling a high doping level of around 0.8 charges per monomer, and demonstrate that they can be used as nanooptical antennas via redox-tunable plasmonic resonances. The resonances arise from the polymer being optically metallic in its doped state and dielectric in its non-conducting undoped state. The plasmonic resonances are controllable over a 1000 nm wavelength range by changing the dimensions of the nanodisks. Furthermore, the optical response of the nanoantennas can be reversibly tuned by modulating the doping level of the polymer. Simulations corroborate the experimental results and reveal the possibility to also modulate the optical nearfield response of the nanoantennas.
Examining the Visual Attention Patterns and Identification Accuracy of Adults With Aphasia for Grids and Visual Scene Displays
Authors: Thiessen Amber , Brown Jessica , Basinger Melanie 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
We compared the degree of cognitive processing needed by people with aphasia to identify themes depicted in grids and visual scene displays (VSDs). We also compared the accuracy of theme identification for both display types.

Method:
Eye-tracking technology was employed to measure the visual processing patterns of 21 adults with aphasia when interpreting themes presented through grids and VSDs. Additionally, we assessed theme identification accuracy by having participants select themes from four choices after viewing each display.

Results:
Participants more rapidly identified VSDs than grid displays, and VSDs required fewer visual fixations to process than grids. No significant differences were noted between grids and VSDs for theme identification accuracy; however, results indicate a ceiling effect for the variable, as participant accuracy levels were nearly 100% for both display conditions.

Conclusions:
Results from this study add to a growing body of evidence supporting the use of VSDs for adults with aphasia. Both display types were accurately identified; however, VSDs were processed more efficiently than grids indicating that both display types may prove effective for people with aphasia; however, VSDs may require less cognitive effort to effectively use than grid displays.
Error Characteristics Lend Specificity to Nonword Repetition Performance in Children Who Stutter With and Without Concomitant Disorders
Authors: Gerwin Katelyn L. , Walsh Bridget , Christ Sharon L. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
In our earlier study, we found that overall accuracy on nonword repetition (NWR) lacked the specificity to differentiate among groups of children who stutter (CWS) with and without concomitant speech sound and/or language disorders and children who do not stutter (CWNS). The aim of this study was to determine whether NWR error characteristics distinguish these groups of children with different speech sound production and language abilities yielding insight into the deficits underlying poorer performance.

Method:
Participants were 141 children (88 CWS, 53 CWNS). CWS were divided into subgroups based on the presence or absence of concomitant speech sound and language disorders. Children completed an NWR task composed of one- to four-syllable nonwords. Error types included omissions, substitutions, and migrations. Error location was documented across the syllables of the longest, four-syllable nonwords and within each syllable (onset, nucleus, and coda) for all nonwords.

Results:
We found that error patterns characterized groups' NWR performance. Specifically, CWS groups made more errors on syllable onsets, more errors on the first and fourth syllable of the four-syllable nonwords, and more substitution errors than CWNS. CWS with concomitant speech sound and/or language disorders made more omission errors than CWNS and CWS with typical speech sound and language abilities. CWS with both a speech sound and language disorder made more migration errors than all other groups.

Conclusions:
Using a data-driven framework derived from prior empirical investigations of NWR errors, this study demonstrated that error characteristics enhance the specificity of NWR by distinguishing groups of CWS with and without concomitant speech sound and language deficits. These error patterns also provide a window into the processes underlying NWR performance in CWS.
Working With Struggling Mid-Elementary Readers and Writers: A Protocol for Speech-Language Pathologists Based on Reading Fluency and Writing/Reading Integration
Authors: Scott Cheryl M. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
This clinical focus article describes a literacy intervention protocol developed for mid-elementary students struggling with reading and writing. This clinical focus article begins with a discussion of the clinical questions and reasoning behind the choice of two major targets that include (a) improved reading fluency and (b) improved writing (spelling and composition) when integrated with reading. Extant research and expert opinion supporting each target are summarized. The protocol was implemented by a speech-language pathologist (SLP) with three third-grade students in a series of seven procedural steps described in detail. Clinician and teacher observations of student behaviors during protocol implementation and potential explanations are discussed.

Conclusions:
Although SLPs are encouraged to take on literacy intervention and the literature is robust with applicable research, there is less discussion of exactly how to approach intervention with older struggling readers who have both reading and writing needs. This clinical focus article illustrates how the marriage of clinical reasoning/experience and research can shape the choice of targets and step-by-step procedures to reduce this practice gap. SLPs are encouraged to consider whether the protocol holds promise for addressing literacy needs of students on their caseloads.
Integrating deep learning and traditional image enhancement techniques for underwater image enhancement
Authors: Shi Zhenghao , Wang Yongli , Zhou Zhaorun , Ren Wenqi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnderwater images usually suffer from colour distortion, blur, and low contrast, which hinder the subsequent processing of underwater information. To address these problems, this paper proposes a novel approach for single underwater images enhancement by integrating data‐driven deep learning and hand‐crafted image enhancement techniques. First, a statistical analysis is made on the average deviation of each channel of input underwater images to that of its corresponding ground truths, and it is found that both the red channel and the green channel of an underwater image contribute to its colour distortion. Concretely, the red channel of an underwater image is usually seriously attenuated, and the green channel is usually over strengthened. Motivated by such an observation, an attention mechanism guided residual module for underwater image colour correction is proposed, where the colour of the red channel of the underwater image and that of the green channel is compensated in a different way, respectively. Coupled with an attention mechanism, the residual module can adaptively extract and integrate the most discriminative features for colour correction. For scene contrast enhancement and scene deblurring, the traditional image enhancement techniques such as CLAHE (contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization) and Gamma correction are coupled with a multi‐scale convolutional neural network (MSCNN), where CLAHE and Gamma correction are used as complement to deal with the complex and changeable underwater imaging environment. Experiments on synthetic and real underwater images demonstrate that the proposed method performs favourably against the state‐of‐the‐art underwater image enhancement methods.
A collaborative planning methodology of energy stations and energy networks in integrated energy system
Authors: Zhang Hanlin , Zhou Suyang , Gu Wei , Liu Zhong , Zhan Xin , Liu Hengmen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInvestments in the energy networks will significantly influence the outcome of Integrated Energy System (IES) planning. It is difficult to optimally plan the energy stations and energy networks of IES while taking into consideration the energy network investments. Thus, a collaborative planning methodology is proposed for energy stations and energy networks containing multiple energy carriers, which can optimize both the capacity of the energy devices and networks and the topology of the energy networks. The linearization for the energy storage devices and electric air conditioning models, as well as the second‐order relaxation for the power grid and gas network models are implemented, and the optimization model is subsequently transformed into a mixed‐integer second‐order cone programming (MISOCP) form which can be directly solved by the commercial solvers. Numerical analysis is carried out to prove the effectiveness of the proposed model and method and the results show that energy networks with optimal topology can significantly improve the energy utilization efficiency of the system and reduce the total cost. In addition, the investment cost of the energy networks plays a decisive role in the network topology as well as the way how the energy is supplied to energy stations.
Therapeutic Effects of Manual Therapy on Lateral Epicondylitis: A
Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Rachold Wolfgang , Reis Olaf , Berger Christoph , Buchmann Johannes 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Epicondylopathia humeri radialis is often diagnosed by general
practitioners. Usually, the therapy comprises transcutaneous electrical nerve
stimulation using a forearm brace. Manual therapy, performed by specialised
physiotherapists, is prescribed before transcutaneous electrical nerve
stimulation and forearm brace use. However, studies comparing the effectiveness
of all methods are scarce.
Objective To compare the therapeutic effects of manual therapy,
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and forearm brace use, as well as
the combination of all three.
Methods Fifty-two patients diagnosed with epicondylopathia humeri radialis
were randomised into three treatment arms: a combination of manual therapy,
transcutaneous nerve stimulation, and forearm brace use (n=19); manual
therapy only (n=18); and a combination of forearm brace use and
transcutaneous nerve stimulation (n=15). All measurements and therapies,
excluding manual therapy, were performed at the first author’s practice
premises. The primary outcomes included range of motion and pain intensity; the
secondary outcomes were elbow function and psychological well-being. Primary and
secondary outcomes were measured before and at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment
using the Patient Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation Questionnaire and the Short Form
Health Survey Questionnaire.
Results The range of motion and pain intensity did not differ among the
groups.
Conclusion Manual therapy alone was as effective as the combination of
transcutaneous nerve stimulation and forearm brace use for epicondylopathia
humeri radialis. Our findings support the inclusion of manual therapy as a
stand-alone therapy option in the guidelines for treating patients with
epicondylopathia humeri radialis.
Nasal breathing is superior to oral breathing when performing and undergoing transnasal endoscopy: a randomized trial
Authors: Takahashi Keitaro , Murakami Yuki , Sasaki Takahiro , Ueno Nobuhiro , Tachibana Shion , Ikeda Junpei , Ishigaki Kenichi , Horiuchi Masashi , Yoshida Moe , Uehara Kyoko , Kobayashi Yu , Sugiyama Yuya , Kunogi Takehito , Muto Mizue , Ando Katsuyoshi , Muto Momotaro , Kashima Shin , Moriichi Kentaro , Tanabe Hiroki , Yanagawa Nobuyuki , Harada Kazumichi , Teramoto Takashi , Okumura Toshikatsu , Fujiya Mikihiro 
Published: July 2022

Background Transnasal endoscopy presents a technical difficulty when inserting the flexible endoscope. It is unclear whether a particular breathing method is useful for transnasal endoscopy. Therefore, we conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial to compare endoscopic operability and patient tolerance between patients assigned to nasal breathing or oral breathing groups.Methods 198 eligible patients were randomly assigned to undergo transnasal endoscopy with nasal breathing or with oral breathing. Endoscopists and patients answered questionnaires on the endoscopic operability and patient tolerance using a 100-mm visual analog scale ranging from 0 (non-existent) to 100 (most difficult/unbearable). The visibility of the upper-middle pharynx was recorded.Results Patient characteristics did not differ significantly between the groups. Nasal breathing showed a higher rate of good visibility of the upper-middle pharynx than oral breathing (91.9 % vs. 27.6 %; P < 0.001). Nasal breathing showed lower mean [SD] scores than oral breathing in terms of overall technical difficulty (21.0 [11.4] vs. 35.4 [15.0]; P < 0.001). Regarding patient tolerance, nasal breathing showed lower scores than oral breathing for overall discomfort (22.1 [18.8] vs. 30.5 [20.9]; P = 0.004) and other symptoms, including nasal and throat pain, choking, suffocating, gagging, belching, and bloating (all P < 0.05). The pharyngeal bleeding rate was lower in the nasal breathing group than in the oral breathing group (0 % vs. 9.2 %; P = 0.002).Conclusions Nasal breathing is superior to oral breathing for those performing and undergoing transnasal endoscopy. Nasal breathing led to good visibility of the upper-middle pharynx, improved endoscopic operability, and better patient tolerance, and was safer owing to decreased pharyngeal bleeding.
Surgical Approaches in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Matar Hosam E. , Bloch Benjamin V. , Platt Simon R. , James Peter J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to provide an overview of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of surgical approaches in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA), summarizing the available high-quality evidence. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we performed the electronic searches in January 2021. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (2021, Issue 1), Ovid MEDLINE (including e-pub ahead of print, in-process, and other non-indexed citations, Ovid MEDLINE Daily, Ovid MEDLINE and Versions) (1946–January 20, 2021), and Embase (1980–January 20, 2021). We limited our search to English language literature. We excluded nonrandomized trials, trials on neck of femur fractures or revision surgery, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Trials that met our inclusion criteria were assessed using a binary outcome measure of whether they reported statistically significant findings. These were then classified according to the intervention groups. A total of 72 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The total number of patients in those trials was 6,728. Only five RCTs (5.9%) reported significant differences between the intervention and the control groups. The largest subgroup of trials was minimally invasive versus standard techniques (18 RCTs) with no significant differences. Standard (lateral, posterior) approaches were compared in 23 RCTs with only 1 RCT reporting significant differences. Thirteen RCTs evaluated mini-incisions, with only 1 RCT reporting significant differences, and the remaining 18 RCTs evaluated variations of surgical approaches and interventions, with 3 RCTs reporting significant differences. The evidence reviewed indicates that for the vast majority of patients, a standard THA approach familiar to the surgeon leads to comparable outcomes. Level of evidence is II.
Right to Health and Gender-Affirmative Procedure in the Transgender Persons Act 2019 in India
Authors: Jain Dipika 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Transgender Persons Act, 2019 mandates that the government ensures medical facilities provide care to transgender persons (including for gender-affirmative procedures) and review medical curricula to address the health needs of transgender persons. However, despite the enactment of the law, many transgender and gender-variant persons in India struggle to access essential health care services. Legal provisions on health care strip them of their right to self-determination by setting up complex bureaucratic processes for the legal recognition of gender identity. In this article, I critically examine the health care provisions in the Act and the lack of efficient legal criteria for gender-affirming procedures, as well as the basic flaws in the medicalized model of legal recognition of trans persons' gender identity, which not only characterize the Act but also have serious implications for its implementation across the country.
A Case of Malignant Pericardial Effusion, Complicated by COVID-19: Challenges and Successful Management in Rural India
Authors: Ravikiran B. , Jayashree N.P. , Anup M. 
Published: July 2022

Background Malignant pericardial effusion (MPE) is a rare presentation in cancer, associated with high morbidity and mortality. Pericardial effusion may cause cardiac tamponade and sudden death without timely intervention. Management of MPE in rural setting during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic would require a multidisciplinary team in a center with expertise and could be a challenge in rural India with limited resources.
Methods Here we present a case of MPE of unknown origin in a 40-year-old woman, complicated by COVID-19 infection, which was successfully managed in a rural health setting in southern India.
Results She was subjected to prompt pericardiocentesis to relieve symptoms and dose-dense palliative chemotherapy followed by metronomic chemotherapy and pro-anakoinosis therapy during COVID-19 home isolation. She currently has no evidence of disease and is tolerating treatment well.
Conclusion Complex oncological emergencies like MPE of unknown origin can be managed in rural setting in India, with a slight modification of existing facility resulting in successful outcomes. This case of MPE in a 40-year-old lady is a glaring example of how the same can be achieved. Principle of pro-anakoinosis can be of value not only during pandemics and lockdowns but also otherwise, the feasibility of which has to be elucidated in larger studies.
Comparison between t-SNE and cosine similarity for LIGO glitches analysis
Authors: Ferreira Tabata Aira , Costa Cesar Augusto 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The first direct detection of gravitational waves brought not just another proof of Einstein’s theory of general relativity but also different questions about the discovery, and new branches of scientific studies have arisen. The Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), the experiment that performed such detections, has two observatories, one in Hanford-WA and another in Livingston-LA, and operates as a Michelson–Morley interferometer with 4 km-long arms. Each observatory can measure variations in its arm lengths which are 10 000 times smaller than a proton diameter. Because LIGO has such a high sensitivity to length changes, many noise sources such as environmental effects, instrumental misbehavior, and human activities may also interfere. Studying these local intrusions, which we generically call glitches, remains a big challenge for LIGO Scientific Collaboration since they can mimic gravitational waves, polluting the data and decreasing the statistical significance of a signal. This paper compares two methods of glitch classification for nine classes by using glitchgrams. A glitchgram is constructed using only Omicron triggers and represents an event in the time, frequency, and signal-to-noise ratio space. The first method uses the cosine similarity, and the second uses support vector machine (SVM) from an application of t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding, an unsupervised machine learning technique. The results from each method are compared with Gravity Spy classifications.
Black hole perturbations in higher-order scalar–tensor theories: initial value problem and dynamical stability
Authors: Nakashi Keisuke , Kimura Masashi , Motohashi Hayato , Takahashi Kazufumi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe propose a physically sensible formulation of initial value problem for black hole perturbations in higher-order scalar–tensor theories. As a first application, we study monopole perturbations around stealth Schwarzschild solutions in a shift- and reflection-symmetric subclass of degenerate higher-order scalar–tensor (DHOST) theories. In particular, we investigate the time evolution of the monopole perturbations by solving a two-dimensional wave equation and analyze the Vishveshwara’s classical scattering experiment, i.e., the time evolution of a Gaussian wave packet. As a result, we confirm that stealth Schwarzschild solutions in the DHOST theory are dynamically stable against the monopole perturbations with the wavelength comparable or shorter than the size of the black hole horizon. We also find that the damped oscillations at the late time do not show up unlike the ringdown phase in the standard case of general relativity. Moreover, we investigate the characteristic curves of the monopole perturbations as well as a static spherically symmetric solution with monopole hair.
Large-area patterning for broadband, quasi-omnidirectional low-reflectance glass
Authors: Jennings Brian D , Gatensby Riley , Giraud Elsa C , Selkirk Andrew , Husain Mir Sajjad , Mokarian-Tabari Parvaneh 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A method for producing large-area, broadband, quasi-omnidirectional low-reflectivity glass surfaces is presented. Using block copolymer patterning and inductively coupled plasma etching, near-periodic arrays of pillars are formed in glass. The patterned surface has reflectivity

<

0.5%—almost an order of magnitude smaller than plain glass—with a bandwidth of ∼300 nm. Substrates etched on both sides transmit

>

99.5% across the wavelength range 850–1200 nm, with

>

99% down to λ = 650 nm. The process is demonstrated on a 5 cm diameter fused silica wafer and high transmittance is maintained up to at least 70∘ incidence. The resulting substrates might find application as lab optics (windows, lenses, etc) display screens for televisions, computers, phones, and as encapsulants for optoelectronic devices.