bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scale‐dependent species–area relationship: Niche‐based versus stochastic processes in a typical subtropical forest
Authors: Ren Haibao , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Mi Xiangcheng , Lutz James A. , Zhou Jinxing , Ma Keping 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Determining the patterns and drivers of the small‐scale species–area relationship (SAR) is crucial for improving our understanding of community assembly and biodiversity patterns. Niche‐based and stochastic processes are two principal categories of mechanisms potentially driving SARs. However, their relative importance has rarely been quantified rigorously owing to scale dependence and the simplified niche volumes often used.

In a fully mapped, 24‐hm2 plot of a typical subtropical forest, we built the SARs and well‐defined niche hyper‐volumes of a broad range of environmental variables at scales of 10–70 m (cell sizes). We then simulated passive sampling and partitioned the variances of the SAR slopes to disentangle these two contrasting mechanisms.

We found that the small‐scale SAR best followed a power‐law relationship, consistent with large‐scale SARs. The SAR slope declined with increasing scale; it was lower than expected under passive sampling at scales below 30 m and higher at larger scales. Environmental niches explained more (39%–64%) of the slope at larger scales, exceeding 50% at scales >30 m, and these niches always captured the majority of the structured slopes. Environmental position (environmental mean values) effects were steady in absolute strength across scales and explained most (98%–68%) of the niche effect, but this proportion decreased with increasing scale. The effect of environmental heterogeneity increased with spatial scales, starting to rise at the 30 m scale after controlling for environmental position. Excluding soil properties from analyses strongly reduced these niche effects, highlighting the importance of soils for structuring the small‐scale SAR. There was also substantial stochasticity in the SAR slopes, which was only partially explained by passive sampling.

Synthesis. Our results show that the small‐scale SAR in the studied subtropical forest follows a power law, exhibits a scale shift in SAR slope at 30 m, and is strongly shaped by niche effects that are dominated by environmental position relative to heterogeneity. However, soil heterogeneity controls the increase in niche effect and the shift in the SAR slope with increasing spatial scales. Hence, edaphic factors can be responsible for scale dependence in small‐scale SARs, thereby linking small‐scale and large‐scale SARs.
Upslope release—Downslope receipt? Multi‐year plant uptake of permafrost‐released nitrogen along an arctic hillslope
Authors: Pedersen Emily P. , Elberling Bo , Michelsen Anders 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

As arctic permafrost continues to thaw, previously inaccessible nitrogen (N) becomes available to N‐limited arctic plants. Increased N availability could enhance plant growth and thereby potentially offset climate‐induced carbon release. Arctic plants can take up newly available permafrost‐N locally upon release. However, in a topographically diverse arctic landscape, permafrost‐N may be transported along hillslopes, away from the point‐of‐release. The extent to which topographical N transport can impact arctic vegetation change depends on whether N is retained locally, captured by downslope recipient plant communities, or transported away.

We used stable isotope labelling (15N) to simulate upslope release of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) from thawing permafrost on an arctic hillslope, western Greenland. We tracked the plant species‐specific uptake of simulated permafrost‐released N from the upslope point‐of‐release to the bottom of the slope through 4 years.

We found that arctic tundra plants successfully acquired locally released permafrost‐N, even in sloping terrain, and that N was strongly retained in the plant–soil system through multiple years. At the same time, we also importantly demonstrate that permafrost‐N can be transported and taken up by plants up to 30 m downslope from the point‐of‐release. Especially NO3− was more easily redistributed vertically within the soil column compared to NH4+ and therefore potentially more accessible to plants. Specifically, plant species with fast N uptake capacity and deep‐soil foraging strategies may have competitive advantages for capitalising on deep‐soil released and topographically transported permafrost‐N (here exemplified by Equisetum arvense and Salix glauca). Nevertheless, even mosses gained access to permafrost‐N via vertical and lateral redistribution on the slope. Ultimately, the intricate balance between strong local N retention, downslope transport and plant species‐specific uptake strategies may contribute to shaping arctic vegetation change.

Synthesis. Across spatially complex arctic ecosystems, arctic plants can take up permafrost‐released N both at the local point‐of‐release and at a considerable distance downslope. The potential for arctic plants to take advantage of topographically transported permafrost‐N could lead to long‐term and landscape‐scale changes in species composition, plant productivity, and ultimately carbon and climate feedbacks across the Arctic.
Peritoneal dialysis in Dalmatian County, Croatia: 21 years of a single‐center experience
Authors: Grubić Marina , Vuković Miro , Radić Josipa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionWith end‐stage renal disease becoming more prevalent, the importance of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is expected to rise even more. However, CAPD is associated with several infections with peritonitis being of the biggest importance.MethodsWe collected data regarding acute peritonitis episodes (APEs), date of birth and CAPD start, BMI, diabetes mellitus (DM) prevalence, year of renal disease discovery, and details about renal replacement therapies. Primary outcomes included death, transplantation, and a switch to hemodialysis (HD).ResultsHundred and twenty‐nine men and 123 women were analyzed. 63 patients had DM. The median age at the start of CAPD was 56. The median length of CAPD treatment was 24 months. In the end, 147 patients were still alive of which 97 were transplanted, 33 were on CAPD, and 26 were switched to HD. A total of 327 APE were observed.ConclusionAlthough the incidence is decreasing, efforts are required to enhance the prevention and treatment of APE.
Mandatory Disclosure of Engagement Partner Identity: Insights from Practice*
Authors: Brown Veena L. , Gissel Jodi L. , Vitalis Adam 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTThis study uses semistructured interviews to gain insights from 19 practicing Canadian audit partners into the practical implications of the engagement partner identity mandate requiring firms to disclose the identity of the engagement partner(s) auditing Canadian publicly traded companies. Building on prior literature that suggests accountability can reach a ceiling, we explore whether audit partners perceive incremental increases in accountability pressures to be effective in increasing audit quality. Based on the existing literature, we propose a nonlinear relation between accountability and performance (audit quality, in the current context), reflecting this ceiling effect. We find partners believe they are reaching, or are at, a ceiling level of accountability and that further initiatives to increase their accountability are ineffective in eliciting procedural changes in the audit or the audit's outcome. Contrary to regulators' motives for the disclosure, our interviewed partners do not believe the transparency of publicly disclosing their names will further increase their level of accountability or overall audit quality. We document that one possible reason for the disconnect is that partners are less concerned with managing external reputation than with managing internal reputation, which they believe has a more direct impact on their careers. We also discuss partners' perceptions of the required disclosure's impact on individual reputations, client risk choices, personal safety, and partner recruitment. We offer suggestions for future research building on the partners' insights.
Rainforest conversion to cash crops reduces abundance, biomass and species richness of parasitoid wasps in Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Azhar Azru , Hartke Tamara R. , Böttges Laura , Lang Tizian , Larasati Anik , Novianti Nurul , Tawakkal Iqbal , Hidayat Purnama , Buchori Damayanti , Scheu Stefan , Drescher Jochen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Parasitoid wasps affect herbivory in natural and agricultural ecosystems, including cash crops. The impacts of rainforest transformation to rubber and oil palm on parasitoid wasp communities are poorly understood.
We collected canopy arthropods, once each in dry season and rainy season, via canopy fogging in four land‐use systems in Jambi, Sumatra, Indonesia: Rainforest, jungle rubber (extensive rubber cultivation) and plantations of rubber and oil palm.
The combined abundance and richness of six parasitoid wasp families, and Braconidae individually, was twice as high in rainforest as in rubber and oil palm plantations, and intermediary in jungle rubber. There was a significant positive correlation between combined abundance of six parasitoid wasp families, and abundances of potential hosts from the orders Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera and Lepidoptera. Braconid biomass tended to be highest in rainforest and lowest in oil palm plantations, and Braconid communities in oil palm differed from those in the other land uses. Both patterns were influenced by season.
Our study details the effects of rainforest conversion to rubber and oil palm on parasitoid wasp communities, and provides first insights on the influence of rainfall seasonality on their abundance, biomass, species richness and community composition in Southeast Asian agricultural landscapes.
Pregnancy outcomes following periconceptional or gestational exposure to ustekinumab: Review of cases reported to the manufacturer's global safety database
Authors: Mahadevan Uma , Naureckas Saule , Tikhonov Ilia , Wang Yiting , Lin Connie B. , Geldhof Anja , van der Woude C. Janneke 
Published: May 2022

SummaryBackgroundUstekinumab, a human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody that binds to and inhibits interleukin (IL)‐12/IL‐23, is indicated for multiple immune‐mediated diseases. Ustekinumab is actively transported across the placenta and theoretically could impact pregnancy outcomes. Limited data on pregnancy outcomes with ustekinumab exposure are available.AimTo assess pregnancy outcomes in patients exposed to ustekinumab during pregnancyMethodsCumulative data on medically confirmed ustekinumab‐exposed pregnancies from the manufacturer's Global Safety Database were summarised. Descriptive data for pregnancy outcomes were presented overall and by patient subgroups.ResultsAs of 31 August 2020, 408 medically confirmed, prospective, maternal ustekinumab‐exposed pregnancies with reported outcomes were identified. The mean maternal age was 31 years. Of the 420 pregnancy outcomes (including 4 sets of twins),a,b 340 (81%) were live births, 51 (12.1%) spontaneous abortions, 25 (6%) elective/induced abortions, 3 (0.7%) stillbirths and 1 (0.2%) ongoing pregnancy with foetal congenital anomaly (CA). Among 340 live births, 33 (9.7%) were born pre‐term. The rate of major CAs was similar by indication (Crohn's disease vs psoriasis), ustekinumab dose (45 mg vs 90 mg) and timing and duration of maternal exposure to ustekinumab. Prospective outcomes of pregnancies with paternal periconceptional ustekinumab exposure (n = 87) included 92% live births (1.2% major CA), 5.7% spontaneous abortions and 2.3% elective/induced abortions.ConclusionsRates of adverse pregnancy outcomes or CAs with ustekinumab exposure were consistent with rates reported for the US general population and do not suggest a higher risk associated with maternal or paternal exposure to ustekinumab.
Population structure and morphology of Canarium (Canarium) incisum and Canarium (Canarium) esculentum (Mollusca: Neostromboidae: Strombidae) from the Philippines with preliminary notes on aperture colouration based on DArTseq data
Authors: Maxwell Stephen J. , Todd Stephanie J. , Rymer Tasmin L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCanarium (Canarium) incisum and Canarium (Canarium) esculentum are small members of the molluscan Strombidae family. Little is known of their population structure. Therefore, we explored this using samples from a population of each. The first sample from Corong Corong Beach, El Nido, Philippines, consisted of 81 adult C. incisum, of which 33 were female and 48 were male. The second sample from Olango Island, Philippines consisted of 73 adult C. esculentum, of which 40 were female and 33 were male. Bias in sex ratio between species was not significant. However, there was bias in sex ratio within species, where males from both species were smaller in axial length than females. We found no evidence of pseudohermaphroditism. The black colouration of the aperture is a phenotype shared by many stromboidians, and 7.4% of C. incisum population exhibited this trait, while the C. esculentum population contained 50.1% black apertures specimens. Preliminary DArTseq analysis indicates that organisms with the black aperture colouration are nested within the populations. Our study fills a knowledge gap on C. incisum and C. esculentum population structure, and gives greater insights to size dynamics of stromboidian taxa in general.
Systematic analysis of critical genes and pathways identified a signature of neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury
Authors: Li Zefu , Bai Huiying , Zhang Ruoyu , Chen Bohan , Wang Junmin , Xue Bohan , Ren Xiuhua , Wang Jiarui , Jia Yanjie , Zang Weidong , Wang Jian , Chen Xuemei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) damages sensory systems, producing chronic neuropathic pain that is resistant to medical treatment. The specific mechanisms underlying SCI‐induced neuropathic pain (SCI‐NP) remain unclear, and protein biomarkers have not yet been integrated into diagnostic screening. To better understand the host molecular pathways involved in SCI‐NP, we used the bioinformatics method, the PubMed database and bioinformatics methods to identify target genes and their associated pathways. We reviewed 2504 articles on the regulation of SCI‐NP and used the text mining of PubMed database abstracts to determine associations among 12 pathways and networks. Based on this method, we identified two central genes in SCI‐NP: interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were used to build the SCI‐NP models. The threshold for paw withdrawal was significantly reduced in the SCI group, and TLR4 was activated in microglia after SCI. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA) analysis of TNF‐α and IL‐6 levels was significantly higher in the SCI group than in the sham group. Western blot showed that expressions of the TLR4/MyD88/NF‐κB inflammatory pathway protein increased dramatically in the SCI group. Using the TLR4 inhibitor TAK‐242, the pain threshold and expressions of inflammatory factors and proteins of the proteins of the inflammatory signal pathway were reversed, TLR4 in microglia was suppressed, suggesting that SCI‐NP was related to neuroinflammation mediated by the TLR4 signalling pathway. In conclusion, we found that TNF‐α and IL‐6 were the neuroinflammation‐related genes involved in SCI‐NP that can be alleviated by inhibiting the inflammatory pathway upstream of the TLR4/MyD88/NF‐κB inflammatory pathway.
Daytime warming triggers tree growth decline in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Tao Wenjing , Mao Kangshan , He Jiang , Smith Nicholas G. , Qiao Yuxin , Guo Jing , Yang Hongjun , Wang Wenzhi , Liu Jianquan , Chen Lei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGlobal warming has been linked to declines in tree growth. However, it is unclear how the asymmetry in daytime and nighttime warming influences this response. Here, we use 2947 residual tree‐ring width chronologies covering 32 species at 2493 sites, between 1901 and 2018, across the Northern Hemisphere, to analyze the effects of daytime and nighttime temperatures, precipitation, and drought stress on the radial growth of trees. We show that drought stress was primarily triggered by daytime rather than nighttime warming. The radial growth of trees was more sensitive to drought stress in warm regions than in cold regions, especially for angiosperms. Our study provides robust evidence that daytime warming is the primary driver of the observed declines in forest productivity related to drought stress and that daytime and nighttime warming should be considered separately when modelling forest–climate interactions and feedbacks in a future, warmer world.
Biocharsupply‐chainand challenges to commercialization
Authors: Zilberman David , Laird David , Rainey Coleman , Song Jie , Kahn Gabriel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProduced through pyrolysis, biochars are used as a soil amendment. Differences in feedstock and processing result in differentiated products which impact their values in different soil conditions. Despite the enormous potential, biochars have not been widely used. This paper overviews the benefits and potential demand for biochar and features of supply chain, and identifies opportunities for viable introduction of biochars. The value of biochars should be evaluated as a part of the pyrolysis system that coproduces biochars and biofuels. Biochars can improve agricultural productivity and soil functioning and contribute to climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration. Furthermore, it can provide extra benefit by contributing to fire prevention. The cost of biochar system depends on the costs of feedstock acquisition, transportation, and processing. Biochar is most likely to be adopted in locations with marginal land and high‐value crop, and near low‐cost feedstock sources. The adoption of biochar can be enhanced by compensation for carbon sequestration, further investment in research, and learning of producers to enhance efficiency of the supply chain.
A pilot study: Gut microbiota, metabolism and inflammation in hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Li Wei , Wu Li-xiang , Huang Bai-sheng , Yang Li-jian , Huang Jun-qiang , Li Zeng-shi , Jiao Jia , Cheng Tianxiang , Li Ding , Xiong Yuanyuan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aims
In recent years, the incidence rate of hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage (HICH) has been increasing, accompanied by high mortality and morbidity, which has brought a heavy burden to the social economy. However, the pathogenesis of HICH is still unclear. This study intends to explore the mechanism of gut microbiota metabolism and inflammation in the process of HICH to provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of HICH.

Methods and Results
HE staining showed that the brain tissues of model group had obvious oedema injury, which indicated that the HICH model was successfully constructed. ELISA analysis showed that IL-1β and TNF-α levels in blood and brain tissues were significantly increased, and IL-10 level was significantly decreased in blood. IHC analysis showed that microglia and macrophages were activated in the model group. 16S rRNA sequence showed that the diversity of gut microbiota in HICH patients decreased. Also, the microbiota belonging to Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia changed significantly. LC–MS/MS analysis showed that the metabolic phenotype of HICH patients changed. Also, the 3,7-dimethyluric acid- and 7-methylxanthine-related metabolic pathways of caffeine metabolism pathways were downregulated in patients with HICH. Bacteroides was negatively correlated with the IL-1β and TNF-α levels. Blautia was negatively correlated with the IL-1β and TNF-α levels, and positively correlated with the IL-10 level. Akkermansia was negatively correlated with the 3,7-dimethyluric acid and 7-methylxanthine.

Conclusion
Our study suggested that HICH was accompanied by the increased inflammation marker levels in peripheral blood and brain, decreased gut microbiota diversity, altered gut metabolic phenotype and downregulation of caffeine metabolism pathway.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Our study reported that HICH accompanied by the increased inflammation, decreased gut microbiota diversity and altered gut metabolic phenotype. Due to the number of patients, this work was a pilot study.
Research progress of endothelial‐mesenchymal transition in diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Chen Ying , Zou Hang , Lu Hongwei , Xiang Hong , Chen Shuhua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRenal fibrosis is an important pathological feature of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), manifested as tubular interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, glomerulosclerosis and damage to the normal structure of the kidney. Renal fibrosis can eventually develop into renal failure. A better understanding of renal fibrosis in DKD is needed due to clinical limitations of current anti‐fibrotic drugs in terms of effectiveness, cost‐effectiveness and side effects. Fibrosis is characterized by local excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, which is derived from activated myofibroblasts to increase its production or specific tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases to reduce its degradation. In recent years, endothelial‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has gradually integrated into the pathogenesis of fibrosis. In animal models of diabetic kidney disease, it has been found that EndMT is involved in the formation of renal fibrosis and multiple signalling pathways such as TGF‐β signalling pathway, Wnt signalling pathway and non‐coding RNA network participate in the regulation of EndMT during fibrosis. Here, we mainly review EndMT regulation and targeted therapy of renal fibrosis in DKD.
Implementation of strengths model case management in seven mental health agencies in Canada: Direct‐service practitioners' implementation experience
Authors: Briand Catherine , Roebuck Maryann , Vallée Catherine , Bergeron‐Leclerc Christiane , Krupa Terry , Durbin Janet , Aubry Tim , Goscha Rick , Latimer Eric 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRationaleImplementation of strengths model case management is increasing internationally. However, few studies have focused on its implementation process, and none have specifically addressed the implementation experience of direct‐service practitioners.ObjectiveThis paper presents factors that facilitate and impede the successful implementation of the strengths model, with a specific focus on practitioners who deliver the intervention directly to service recipients.MethodTo address this objective, a qualitative study of seven mental health agencies that implemented the model was conducted, involving a combination of participant observations and qualitative semistructured interviews with case managers, team supervisors, and senior managers. Qualitative data were analyzed using open coding followed by axial coding. Finally, the findings were aligned with an adapted Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.ResultsImplementation of the strengths model involved a significant change in practice for case management practitioners. The results confirm that at the beginning of implementation, the strengths model was perceived as complex and not always adaptable to on‐the‐ground realities. With time, and with support from management, ongoing training and supervision sessions, and reflection and discussion, practitioners regained feelings of competence and resistance to the model diminished. The use of the model's structured team‐based supervision tools was fundamental to supporting the implementation process by enabling an interactive and concrete training approach.ConclusionsThe more an approach leads to changes in daily practice and is perceived as complex, the more concrete support is needed during implementation. This article highlights the importance of attending to a practitioner's sense of personal effectiveness and competence in the adoption of new practices.