bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of seismo-acoustic hazards from cement quarry blasts on the New Administrative Capital, Egypt
Authors: Abdelhafiez Hesham Eid , Khalil Amin , El-Hady Sherif 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCement industry is one of the strategic sectors in Egypt. In most cases, cement factories are using explosives to obtain the materials needed for the industry. Such activities pose threats to the surrounding environment. The threats are more serious when the quarries are located near to a strategic site. The New Administrative Capital (NAC) is one of the leading development projects in Egypt that happen to occur close to some cement quarries that use explosions to obtain the raw materials. Possible unfavorable effects are expected on the buildings and projects at NAC. To evaluate these effects and to propose measures to ensure the safety of NAC structures, the present work was carried out. Threats expected are due to both ground motion and air over pressure. The methodology adopted in the study was based on monitoring the explosions, ground motions, and air over pressure. The monitoring was conducted using temporary arrays that were deployed in the explosion day. The time period required is almost 2 years. Furthermore, the collected data were processed to reject low quality data. The processed data were modeled in terms of the international standards to determine the threshold level of hazards for both ground motion and air over pressure. The work is finally summarized in terms of model equations in terms of the scaled distances. The choice of the scaled distances was to simplify the model by eliminating the effect of the charge per delay parameter. The final results showed that keeping the charge weight per delay under 45 kg, threats at a distance of 7 km is vanished. The model showed also that the effect of air over pressure is higher with scaled distances than the ground motion. To the best of our knowledge, the present work is the first of its kind in Egypt. Also, it is recommended to study the frequency effect of both parameters and to account for the effects of the site on the ground motion.
Modelling topo-bathymetric surface using a triangulation irregular network (TIN) of Tunga Dam in Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim Pius Onoja , Sternberg Harald , Samaila-Ija Hassan A. , Adgidzi Donald , Nwadialor I. J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDams are built to store the water flowing from upstream to downstream. Sedimentation and siltation are some of the major problems affecting the storage capacity of dams. For effective management, bathymetric and topographic data are used to assess this challenge. In the Mambila Plateau of Taraba, Nigeria, the Tunga Dam is a multifunctional reservoir that serves as a small hydropower, irrigation and domestic use dam. Nonetheless, it is not operating to its full potential, leading to issues such as frequent stoppage of the turbine, low irrigation activities and a shortage of water supply for domestic use. To determine the basin’s approximate present volume, a topographic and bathymetric survey was conducted using a differential global positioning system (DGPS)-Hi-Target V30 and a single beam echosounder to acquire the real-time data. The data were processed, and the digital elevation model (DEM) of the study area was modelled using a triangulation irregular network algorithm (TIN). The deepest point of the dam was found to be 21.25 m, and the volumetric capacity was assessed based on the elevations. The tessellation data format adequately represents the reservoir DEM for future purposes to better enhance the reservoir capacity. Hence, the research suggested that dredging should be carried out to boost the basin’s capacity. Likewise, an embankment can be constructed around the dam to enhance the basin’s storage capacity. The dredged material can be used to achieve the barrier’s building, which will reduce the overall cost.
Extreme Value Estimation of Beaufort Sea Ice Dynamics Driven by Global Wind Effects
Authors: Sinsabvarodom Chana , Næss Arvid , Leira Bernt J. , Chai Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe purpose of the present study is to investigate the extreme values of the ice drift speed, which are also considered in the light of the magnitude of the simultaneous wind speed. The relationship between wind speed and ice drift speed is studied. The long-term ice drift data is collected by using local subsurface measurements based on acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP) in the Beaufort Sea during the period of 2006–2017. Upward-looking sonars (ULS) are deployed in order to observe the ice thickness as well as to identify events that correspond to open water conditions. The relationship between the ice drift speed and the wind speed is also investigated. It is found that the magnitude of the average ice drift speed is approximately 2.5% of the wind speed during the winter season. Estimation of the extreme values of the ice drift speed is studied by application of the average conditional exceedance rate (ACER) method. It is found that the extreme ice drift speed during the ice melt season (i.e. the summer season) is approximately 20%–30% higher than that during the ice growth season (i.e. the winter season). The extreme ice drift speed can be effectively estimated based on the 2.5% wind speed. Moreover, the extreme ice drift speed can be obtained based on the extreme values of 2.5% of the wind speed based on multiplying with an amplification factor which varies in the range from 1.7 to 2.0 during the growth season, corresponding to increasing return periods of 10, 25, 50 and 100 years.
Enterococcus faecalis bacteremia, cardiac implantable electronic device, extraction, and the risk of recurrence
Authors: Berge Andreas , Arkel Ludvig , Nilson Bo , Rasmussen Magnus 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
In all patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) and Enterococcus faecalis bacteremia (EfsB), endocarditis (IE) and CIED infection should be suspected. Guidelines recommend extraction of the CIED when CIED infection or IE is diagnosed. Whether extraction of the CIED should be done in other situations with EfsB is not known. We aimed to describe the management and outcome of patients with CIED and monomicrobial EfsB, in relation to extraction and recurrent EfsB.

Methods
A population-based cohort of patients with monomicrobial EfsB from January 2014 to November 2020 was identified through microbiology registers in the Region Skåne, Sweden. Data on CIED and other clinical features were collected from medical records.

Results
Among 1087 episodes of EfsB, 72 patients with CIED and monomicrobial EfsB were identified. Five of these patients were diagnosed with IE (7%), three of whom had echocardiographic changes on the CIED. Four CIED were extracted (6%). Recurrences were found in seven of 68 patients (10%) not subjected to extraction and in none of the extracted. In the group of patients without extraction, community acquisition and predisposition for IE were significantly associated with recurrent infection in univariate analyses. No infections involving the CIED were diagnosed during the recurrences.

Conclusions
In patient with monomicrobial EfsB, it seems safe to omit extraction if no structural changes are found on the CIED.
Communication now and then: analyzing the Republic of Letters as a communication network
Authors: Ureña-Carrion Javier , Leskinen Petri , Tuominen Jouni , van den Heuvel Charles , Hyvönen Eero , Kivelä Mikko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHuge advances in understanding patterns of human communication, and the underlying social networks where it takes place, have been made recently using massive automatically recorded data sets from digital communication, such as emails and phone calls. However, it is not clear to what extent these results on human behaviour are artefacts of contemporary communication technology and culture and if the fundamental patterns in communication have changed over history. This paper presents an analysis of historical epistolary metadata with the aim of comparing the underlying historical communication patterns with those of contemporary communication. Our work uses a new epistolary dataset containing metadata on over 150,000 letters sent between the 16th and 19th centuries. The analyses indicate striking resemblances between contemporary and epistolary communication network patterns, including dyadic interactions and ego-level behaviour. Certain aspects of the letter datasets are insufficient to corroborate other similarities or differences for these communication networks. Despite these drawbacks, our work helps confirm that several features of human communication are not artefacts of contemporary mediums or culture, but are likely elements of human behaviour.
Combining p-multigrid and Multigrid Reduction in Time methods to obtain a scalable solver for Isogeometric Analysis
Authors: Tielen Roel , Möller Matthias , Vuik Cornelis 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe use of sequential time integration schemes becomes more and more the bottleneck within large-scale computations due to a stagnation of processor’s clock speeds. In this study, we combine the parallel-in-time Multigrid Reduction in Time method with ap-multigrid method to obtain a scalable solver specifically designed for Isogeometric Analysis. Numerical results obtained for two- and three-dimensional benchmark problems show the overall scalability of the proposed method on modern computer architectures and a significant improvement in terms of CPU timings compared to the use of standard spatial solvers.
On the structure of spectral and tiling subsets of cyclic groups
Authors: Malikiosis Romanos Diogenes 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the properties of spectral and tiling subsets of cyclic groups, with an eye towards the spectral set conjecture [9] in one dimension, which states that a bounded measurable subset of$\mathbb {R}$accepts an orthogonal basis of exponentials if and only if it tiles$\mathbb {R}$by translations. This conjecture is strongly connected to its discrete counterpart, namely that, in every finite cyclic group, a subset is spectral if and only if it is a tile. The tools presented herein are refinements of recent ones used in the setting of cyclic groups; the structure of vanishing sums of roots of unity [20] is a prevalent notion throughout the text, as well as the structure of tiling subsets of integers [1]. We manage to prove the conjecture for cyclic groups of order$p^{m}q^{n}$, when one of the exponents is$\leq 6$or when$p^{m-2}<q^{4}$, and also prove that a tiling subset of a cyclic group of order$p_{1}^{m}p_{2}\dotsm p_{n}$is spectral.
Responding to Sanist Microaggressions with Acts of Epistemic Resistance
Authors: Gosselin Abigail 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPeople who have mental health diagnoses are often subject to sanist microaggressions in which pejorative terms to describe mental illness are used to represent that which is discreditable. Such microaggressions reflect and perpetrate stigma against severe mental illness, often held unconsciously as implicit bias. In this article, I examine the sanist attitudes that underlie sanist microaggressions, analyzing some of the cognitive biases that support mental illness stigma. Then I consider what responsibility we have with respect to microaggressions. I argue that all people share in a collective responsibility to engage in acts of epistemic resistance that challenge sanist attitudes so that it is easier for bystanders who witness microaggressions, and targets of microaggressions in particular, to identify microaggressions and to point out biased behavior. The act of pointing out bias is best understood as an act of epistemic resistance that is more effective and meaningful in the context of other acts of epistemic resistance. Ultimately, whether to point out bias is an individual decision that one must make after weighing the risks involved; engaging in a range of acts of epistemic resistance, on the other hand, is a moral responsibility everyone shares.
Analysis of four carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii outbreaks using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Kon Hadas , Temkin Elizabeth , Elmalih Polet , Keren-Paz Alona , Ben-David Debby , Najjar-Debbiny Ronza , Gottesman Tamar , Carmeli Yehuda 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe used Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to analyze 4 carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii outbreaks. FTIR distinguished between isolates from different hospitals and uncovered the relatedness between isolates from acute-care hospitals and a post–acute-care hospital. Using higher cutoffs reveals more distant relationships and lower cutoffs support analyses of recent events.
Practical obstacles and structural legal constraints in the adoption of ‘defensive’ policies: comparing the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism and the US Proposal for a Border Carbon Adjustment
Authors: Leonelli Giulia Claudia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper analyses the EU proposal for a carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) and a recent US proposal for the establishment of a border carbon adjustment (BCA) as examples of ‘defensive’ policies, broadly informed by an economic level playing field and an environmental level playing field rationale. From an environmental law perspective, the CBAM's narrow focus on price-based policies, distortions of competition and trade intensity is unsatisfactory; however, the EU CBAM is more feasible in practical terms and overall more likely to be WTO law compatible than the US proposal for a BCA. An environmental level playing field perspective is associated with several practical problems: these relate to the determination of environmental equivalence, the identification of appropriate remedies, and the demarcation of the scope of application of the relevant regulatory arrangements. Further, measures informed by an economic level playing field rationale can be easier to justify under WTO law. Taking stock of these findings, the paper concludes that practical obstacles and structural legal constraints push towards a narrower focus on an economic level playing field, as a matter of regulatory design.
The relation between the radio emission of the core and host galaxy properties in Fanaroff–Riley type II radio galaxies
Authors: Mazoochi F. , Miraghaei H. , Riazi N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe study the radio power of the core and its relation to the optical properties of the host galaxy in samples of high-excitation (HERG) and low-excitation (LERG) Fanaroff–Riley type II (FRII) radio galaxies. The radio galaxy sample is divided into two groups of core/non-core FRII, based on the existence of strong, weak or lack of single radio core component. We show that FRII LERGs with radio emission of the core have significantly higher [O III] line luminosities compared to the non-core LERG FRIIs. There is no significant difference between the hosts of the core and non-core FRIIs of LERG type in galaxy sizes, concentration indices, star formation rates, 4000-Å break strengths, colours, black hole masses, and black hole to stellar masses. We show that the results are not biased by the stellar masses, redshifts, and angular sizes of the radio galaxies. We argue that the detection of higher [O III] luminosities in the core FRIIs may indicate the presence of higher amounts of gas, very close to the active galactic nuclei (AGN) nucleus in the core FRIIs compared to the non-core FRIIs or may result from the interaction of the radio jets with this gas. The core and non-core FRIIs of the HERG type show no significant differences perhaps due to our small sample size. The effect of relativistic beaming on the radio luminosities and the contribution of restating AGN activity have also been considered.
Hydroclimate change and its controlling factors during the middle to late Holocene and possible 3.7-ka climatic shift over East Asia
Authors: Lim Jaesoo , Um In-Kwon , Yi Sangheon , Jun Chang-Pyo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe history of past hydroclimatic extreme events, essential information for predicting future changes, is preserved in fluvial sediments. Here, we reconstruct changes in decadal-scale extreme flooding events over the period 7700–1700 cal yr BP from floodplain sediments in the middle reach of the Nakdong River, Korea, based on lithogenic elemental ratios (e.g., Zr/Ti and Sr/Si). For example, Nakdong extreme flooding (NEF) events frequently occurred at 7700, 7200, 6000, 5000, 3800, 3200, 2900, 2600, 2300, 2000, and 1700 cal yr BP, and were associated with higher sea-surface temperatures and strong El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) activity. Notably, we found a significant change in the frequency of extreme events ca. 3700 cal yr BP over East Asia. The hydroclimate fluctuated with dominant periodicities of 950 and 540 years in 7700–3700 cal yr BP and shorter centennial to decadal cycles (320, 110–120, and 60–75 years) in 3700–1700 cal yr BP. This 3.7-ka climatic shift is consistent with a marked southward shift of the intertropical convergence zone, intensified ENSO activity, increased frequency of recurving typhoons, and deep-ocean circulation changes in both the northern and southern hemispheres, demonstrating the urgent need for investigating the critical role of past deep-water circulation in hydroclimate changes.
USING RADIOCARBON AGES ON ORGANICS AFFECTED BY FRESHWATER—A GEOLOGIC AND ARCHAEOLOGIC UPDATE ON THE FRESHWATER RESERVOIR AGES AND FRESHWATER DIET EFFECT IN MANITOBA, CANADA
Authors: Gauthier Michelle S 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTFreshwater reservoir ages and a potential freshwater diet effect are examined for Manitoba (Canada), using paired samples of contemporaneous terrestrial, freshwater, and omnivore-diet species (Homo sapiens, Gavia sp.). The freshwater diet effect (n=4) varies from 220 to 370 14C years. The FRE (n=12) is temporally variable, with a median of 230 14C years and values up to 880 14C years (or more). Understanding the FRE is important for geologists who reconstruct the postglacial history of an area. It is also important for archaeologists who rely on 14C dating to develop cultural histories, as inhabitants of the Canadian boreal forest have relied upon freshwater resources as a part of their diet. An analysis of the δ13C on 93 freshwater mollusk samples from 11 species demonstrates significant variability, which highlights the difficulty in assigning an “assumed” fractionation correction.
Multivariate modelling to estimate carcase characteristics and commercial cuts of Boer goats
Authors: Batista da Costa Macena Elizabete Cristina , Costa Roberto Germano , de Sousa Wandrick Hauss , Cartaxo Felipe Queiroga , Ribeiro Neila Lidiany , Arandas Janaina Kelli Gomes , Ribeiro Maria Norma 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe objective was to establish a multivariate model using two complementary multivariate statistical techniques, factor analysis and multiple stepwise regression to predict carcase characteristics, carcase cuts, internal fat, viscera and loin eye area from body measurements of goats Boer mestizos. Thirty-two goats were used, with initial average weights of 3.3 ± 0.61 kg and final average weights of 16 ± 2.5 kg. Before slaughter and after 16 h of fasting, body weight was measured along with the biometric measurements (BMs) of each animal: body length, withers height, croup height, chest width, croup width, croup perimeter, thoracic perimeter, leg length and thigh circumference. The half carcases were sectioned in six anatomical regions that made up the commercial cuts: neck, palette, rib, handsaw, loin and ham. BMs showed a high correlation with a few exceptions; most of the correlations are above 50%. What also happens with the Carcass weight and cuts were also correlated above 50% with BMs. The data presented an index for the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin test of 0.80, demonstrating the adequacy of the factor analysis. Through factor analysis, it was possible to observe that the first two factors extracted accumulated 75.47% of the total variance of the studied characteristics. Moderate to high and positive correlations of morphological characteristics with body weight, carcase characteristics and primary carcase cuts suggested the adequacy of morphological characteristics as criteria for early selection of crossbred Boer goats for their body weight and carcase characteristics without slaughter.
Quantitative monitoring of experimental and human leishmaniasis employing amastigote-specific genes
Authors: Roy Madhurima , Sarkar Deblina , Chatterjee Mitali 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe gold standard for diagnosis of leishmaniasis is the microscopic detection of amastigotes/Leishman Donovan (LD) bodies, but its moderate sensitivity necessitates the development of molecular approaches. This study aimed to quantify in experimental animal models and human leishmaniasis the expression of amastigote-specific virulence genes, A2 and amastin by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). Total RNA was isolated from L. donovani-infected hamsters or murine peritoneal macrophages and lesional biopsies from patients with post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL). Following cDNA conversion, EvaGreen-based ddPCR was performed using specific primers for A2 or amastin and parasite load expressed in copies per μL. Assay was optimized and the specificity of amastigote-specific A2 and amastin was confirmed. In hepatic and splenic tissues of L. donovani-infected hamsters and peritoneal macrophages, ddPCR demonstrated a greater abundance of A2 than amastin. Treatment of L. donovani-infected peritoneal macrophages with conventional anti-leishmanials, miltefosine and amphotericin B translated into a dose-dependent reduction in copies per μL of A2 and amastin, and the extrapolated IC50 was comparable with results obtained by counting LD bodies in Giemsa-stained macrophages. Similarly, in dermal biopsies of patients with PKDL, A2 and amastin were detected. Overall, monitoring of A2 by ddPCR can be an objective measure of parasite burden and potentially adaptable into a high throughput approach necessary for drug development and monitoring disease progression when the causative species is L. donovani.
Evaluating the role of maladaptive personality traits in schema therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy for depression
Authors: Rek Katharina , Kappelmann Nils , Zimmermann Johannes , Rein Martin , Egli Samy , Kopf-Beck Johannes 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdvancements in the treatment of depression are pivotal due to high levels of non-response and relapse. This study evaluated the role of personality pathology in the treatment of depression by testing whether maladaptive personality traits (1) predict changes in depression over treatment or vice versa, (2) change themselves over treatment, (3) change differentially depending on treatment with schema therapy (ST) or cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), and (4) moderate the effectiveness of these treatments.MethodsWe included 193 depressed inpatients (53.4% women, Mage = 42.9, SD = 13.4) participating in an assessor-blind randomized clinical trial and receiving a 7-week course of ST or CBT. The research questions were addressed using multiple indicator latent change score models as well as multigroup structural equation models implemented in EffectLiteR.ResultsMaladaptive traits did not predict changes in depressive symptoms at post-treatment, or vice versa. However, maladaptive trait domains decreased over treatment (standardized Δμ range: −0.38 to −0.89), irrespective of treatment with ST or CBT. Maladaptive traits at baseline did not moderate the effectiveness of these treatments.ConclusionsSelf-reported maladaptive personality traits can change during treatment of depression, but may have limited prognostic or prescriptive value, at least in the context of ST or CBT. These results need to be replicated using follow-up data, larger and more diverse samples, and informant-rated measures of personality pathology.