bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in lead-free double perovskites for x-ray and photodetection
Authors: Ghosh Joydip , Sellin P J , Giri P K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Over the last decade, lead halide perovskites have attracted significant research attention in the field of photovoltaics, light-emitting devices, photodetection, ionizing radiation detection, etc, owing to their outstanding optoelectrical properties. However, the commercial applications of lead-based perovskite devices are restricted due to the poor ambient stability and toxicity of lead. The encapsulation of lead-based devices can reduce the possible leakage of lead. However, it is hard to ensure safety during large-scale production and long-term storage. Recently, considerable efforts have been made to design lead-free perovskites for different optoelectronic applications. Metal halide double perovskites with the general formula of A2MIMIIIX6 or A2MIVX6 could be potentially considered as green and stable alternatives for different optoelectronic applications. In this review article, we focus on the recent progress and findings on lead-free halide double perovskites for x-ray and UV–vis photodetection applications. Lead-free halide double perovskite has recently drawn a great deal of attention for superior x-ray detection due to its high absorption coefficient, large carrier mobility-lifetime product, and large bulk resistance. In addition, these materials exhibit good performance in photodetection in the UV–vis region due to high photocarrier generation and efficient carrier separation. In this review, first, we define the characteristics of lead-free double perovskite materials. The fundamental characteristics and beneficial properties of halide perovskites for direct and indirect x-ray detection are then discussed. We comprehensively review recent developments and efforts on lead-free double perovskite for x-ray detection and UV–vis photodetection. We bring out the current challenges and opportunities in the field and finally present the future outlook for developing lead-free double perovskite-based x-ray and UV–vis photodetectors for practical applications.
Roles of electron mean free path and flux pinning in optimizing the critical current in YBCO superconductors
Authors: Paturi P , Huhtinen H 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We present a way to reach the maximum possible critical current density,

J

c

, for YBa2Cu3O

6
+
x

(YBCO) thin films. This value is found to be around ten times the currently reached values. It is found that the

J

c

(0 T) is governed by the mean free path of the electrons, as is the critical temperature,

T

c

. The

J

c

in field, on the other hand, is governed by flux pinning sites and can be enhanced by optimizing the size and distribution of the non-superconducting nanoinclusions. By optimizing both the mean free path and the pinning structure, the maximum values can be reached.
The influence of BaSnO3 and BaZrO3 nanoinclusions on the critical current and local structure of HTS coated conductors
Authors: Menushenkov A P , Ivanov A A , Chernysheva O V , Rudnev I A , Osipov M A , Kaul A R , Chepikov V N , Mathon O , Monteseguro V , d’Acapito F , Puri A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We studied the effect of artificial pinning centers in the form of nanoinclusions of stannate BaSnO3 (BSO) and zirconate BaZrO3 (BZO) barium on the critical current of high-temperature superconducting tapes of the second generation (2G) based on YBa2Cu3O

7
−
δ

films (YBCO). It has been found that the introduction of BaZrO3 nanoinclusions increases the critical current at 77 K for the magnetic field direction parallel and normal to the tape surface, while the introduction of BaSnO3 nanoinclusions decreases the critical current in both cases. To elucidate the origin of a different impact of nanoinclusions we examined the local structure of the YBCO-matrix using x-ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS and XANES). The spectra were collected at K-edges of Cu, Sn, and Zr at the European Synchrotron (ESRF). It was revealed that the introduction of BaZrO3 nanoinclusions increases the stiffness of copper–oxygen bonds in superconducting CuO2 plane and minimizes their static disorder in the YBCO matrix, while the introduction of BaSnO3 nanoinclusions leads to a significant increase in static disorder with a relatively weak effect on the stiffness of Cu–O bonds. These changes in the local structure become decisive for changing the macroscopic properties of high-temperature superconductor-tapes.
A disorder-sensitive emergent vortex phase identified in high-T
c superconductor (Li,Fe)OHFeSe
Authors: Li Dong , Shen Peipei , Tian Jinpeng , He Ge , Ni Shunli , Wang Zhaosheng , Xi Chuanying , Pi Li , Zhang Hua , Yuan Jie , Jin Kui , Talantsev Evgeny F , Yu Li , Zhou Fang , Hänisch Jens , Dong Xiaoli , Zhao Zhongxian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The magneto-transport properties are systematically measured under c-direction fields up to 33 T for a series of single-crystal films of intercalated iron-selenide superconductor (Li,Fe)OHFeSe. The film samples with varying degree of disorder are grown hydrothermally. We observe a magnetic-field-enhanced shoulder-like feature in the mixed state of the high-T
c (Li,Fe)OHFeSe films with weak disorder, while the feature fades away in the films with enhanced disorder. The irreversibility field is significantly suppressed to lower temperatures with the appearance of the shoulder feature. Based on the experiment and model analysis, we establish a new vortex-phase diagram for the weakly-disordered high-T
c (Li,Fe)OHFeSe, which features an emergent dissipative vortex phase intermediate between the common vortex glass and liquid phases. The reason for the emergence of this intermediate vortex state is further discussed based on related experiments and models.
Compressed imaging with focused light
Authors: Pathak Biswajit , Booth Martin J , Turcotte Raphaël 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Compressed sensing applied to optical microscopy enables imaging with a number of measurements below the Nyquist criterion. The illumination basis selected, often unstructured for randomness considerations, influences the performance of image reconstruction algorithms. Here, we show through modelling based on multimode fiber imaging that an illumination basis composed of a series of uniformly spaced foci provides improved robustness to noise, increased volumetric imaging performance, and greater resilience to external perturbation when compared to a speckle illumination basis. These observations have broad implications for computational super-resolution imaging, endo-microscopy, and post-processing of images acquired with any point-scanning imaging system.
Brain white matter hyperintensities-predicted age reflects neurovascular health in middle-to-old aged subjects
Authors: Huang Chu-Chung , Chou Kun-Hsien , Lee Wei-Ju , Yang Albert C , Tsai Shih-Jen , Chen Liang-Kung , Chung Chih-Ping , Lin Ching-Po 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
age-related neurovascular structural and functional impairment is a major aetiology of dementia and stroke in older people. There is no single marker representative of neurovascular biological age yet.

Objective
this study aims to develop and validate a white matter hyperintensities (WMH)-based model for characterising individuals’ neurovascular biological age.

Methods
in this prospective single-site study, the WMH-based age-prediction model was constructed based on WMH volumes of 491 healthy participants (21–89 years). In the training dataset, the constructed linear-regression model with log-transformed WMH volumes showed well-balanced complexity and accuracy (root mean squared error, RMSE = 10.20 and mean absolute error, MAE = 7.76 years). This model of neurovascular age estimation was then applied to a middle-to-old aged testing dataset (n = 726, 50–92 years) as the testing dataset for external validation.

Results
the established age estimator also had comparable generalizability with the testing dataset (RMSE = 7.76 and MAE = 6.38 years). In the testing dataset, the WMH-predicted age difference was negatively associated with visual executive function. Individuals with older predicted-age for their chronological age had greater cardiovascular burden and cardiovascular disease risks than individuals with normal or delayed predicted age. These associations were independent of chronological age.

Conclusions
our model is easy to use in clinical practice that helps to evaluate WMH severity objective to chronological age. Current findings support our WMH-based age measurement to reflect neurovascular health and have potential diagnostic and prognostic value for clinical or research purposes in age-related neurovascular disorders.
Chromosome diversity in Dasypyrum villosum, an important genetic and trait resource for hexaploid wheat engineering
Authors: Wu Nan , He Ziming , Fang Jiaxin , Liu Xin , Shen Xia , Zhang Juan , Lei Yanhong , Xia Yating , He Huagang , Liu Wenxuan , Chu Chenggen , Wang Conglei , Qi Zengjun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Dasypyrum villosum (2n = 2x = 14) harbours potentially beneficial genes for hexaploid and tetraploid wheat improvement. Highly diversified chromosome variation exists among and within accessions due to its open-pollination nature. The wheat–D. villosum T6VS·6AL translocation was widely used in breeding mainly because gene Pm21 in the 6VS segment conferred high and lasting powdery mildew resistance. However, the widespread use of this translocation may narrow the genetic base of wheat. A better solution is to utilize diversified D. villosum accessions as the genetic source for wheat breeding. Analysis of cytological and genetic polymorphisms among D. villosum accessions also provides genetic evolution information on the species. Using cytogenetic and molecular tools we analysed genetic polymorphisms among D. villosum accessions and developed consensus karyotypes to assist the introgression of beneficial genes from D. villosum into wheat.

Methods
A multiplex probe of repeats for FISH, GISH and molecular markers were used to detect chromosome polymorphisms among D. villosum accessions. Polymorphic signal block types, chromosome heterogeneity and heterozygosity, and chromosome polymorphic information content were used in genetic diversity analysis.

Key Results
Consensus karyotypes of D. villosum were developed, and the homoeologous statuses of individual D. villosum chromosomes relative to wheat were determined. Tandem repeat probes of pSc119.2, (GAA)10 and the AFA family produced high-resolution signals and not only showed different signal patterns in D. villosum chromosomes but also revealed the varied distribution of tandem repeats among chromosomes and accessions. A total of 106 polymorphic chromosomes were identified from 13 D. villosum accessions and high levels of chromosomal heterozygosity and heterogeneity were observed. A subset of 56 polymorphic chromosomes was transferred into durum wheat through wide crosses, and seven polymorphic chromosomes are described in two newly developed durum–D. villosum amphidiploids.

Conclusions
Consensus karyotypes of D. villosum and oligonucleotide FISH facilitated identification of polymorphic signal blocks and a high level of chromosomal heterozygosity and heterogeneity among D. villosum accessions, seen in newly developed amphiploids. The abundant genetic diversity of D. villosum and range of alleles, exploitable through interploid crosses, backcrosses and recombination (chromosome engineering), allow introduction of biotic and abiotic stress resistances into wheat, translating into increasing yield, end-use quality and crop sustainability.
Social Inference from Middle to Older Adulthood
Authors: Martin A K , Ceslis A , Robinson G A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
Inferring the emotional state or the true meaning of another person’s utterance is a key aspect of social cognition and critical for successful social interactions. In this study, we assess age-related differences in emotion recognition and sincere and sarcastic social exchanges in the context of cognitive and demographic factors.

Method
One hundred and eighty-seven adults ranging from middle to older adulthood completed the Mini-SEA Emotion Recognition test and Part B of The Awareness of Social Inference Test – Short Form (TASIT-S). Fluid intelligence and executive abilities were also assessed. Sex differences and the relationship with education level were also investigated. Regression models were used to assess age-related differences controlling for baseline cognitive and demographic factors.

Results
Age was negatively associated with accuracy for inferring sincere social exchanges. No differences were identified for accuracy for inferring sarcastic exchanges. Likewise, no age differences were identified for emotion recognition (Mini-SEA). Fluid intelligence was associated with accuracy for inferring sincere exchanges, but this was independent of age-related effects. A female advantage was identified for emotion recognition.

Conclusion
Age is associated with difficulty in inferring sincere exchanges, which is not explained by fluid intelligence, verbal abstract reasoning, or auditory verbal attention. A female advantage in emotion recognition is consistent with findings reported in younger adults. Both age and sex should be considered in clinical assessments using the Mini-SEA and the TASIT-S.
Kernel-based hierarchical structural component models for pathway analysis
Authors: Hwangbo Suhyun , Lee Sungyoung , Lee Seungyeoun , Hwang Heungsun , Kim Inyoung , Park Taesung 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMotivationPathway analyses have led to more insight into the underlying biological functions related to the phenotype of interest in various types of omics data. Pathway-based statistical approaches have been actively developed, but most of them do not consider correlations among pathways. Because it is well known that there are quite a few biomarkers that overlap between pathways, these approaches may provide misleading results. In addition, most pathway-based approaches tend to assume that biomarkers within a pathway have linear associations with the phenotype of interest, even though the relationships are more complex.ResultsTo model complex effects including non-linear effects, we propose a new approach, Hierarchical structural CoMponent analysis using Kernel (HisCoM-Kernel). The proposed method models non-linear associations between biomarkers and phenotype by extending the kernel machine regression and analyzes entire pathways simultaneously by using the biomarker-pathway hierarchical structure. HisCoM-Kernel is a flexible model that can be applied to various omics data. It was successfully applied to three omics datasets generated by different technologies. Our simulation studies showed that HisCoM-Kernel provided higher statistical power than other existing pathway-based methods in all datasets. The application of HisCoM-Kernel to three types of omics dataset showed its superior performance compared to existing methods in identifying more biologically meaningful pathways, including those reported in previous studies.Availability and implementationThe HisCoM-Kernel software is freely available at http://statgen.snu.ac.kr/software/HisCom-Kernel/. The RNA-seq data underlying this article are available at https://xena.ucsc.edu/, and the others will be shared on reasonable request to the corresponding author.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
CnnPOGTP: a novel CNN-based predictor for identifying the optimal growth temperatures of prokaryotes using only genomick-mers distribution
Authors: Wang Shaojing , Li Guoqiang , Liao Zitong , Cao Yunke , Yun Yuan , Su Zhaoying , Tian Xuefeng , Gui Ziyu , Ma Ting 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSummaryTemperature is very important for the growth of microorganisms. Appropriate temperature conditions can improve the possibility for isolation of currently uncultured microorganisms. The development of metagenomic binning technology had dramatically increased the availability of genomic information of prokaryotes, providing convenience to infer the optimal growth temperature (OGT). Here, we proposed CnnPOGTP, a predictor for OGTs of prokaryotes based on deep learning method using only k-mers distribution derived from genomic sequence. This method was annotation free, and the predicted OGT could be obtained by simply providing the genome sequence to the CnnPOGTP website.Availability and implementationhttp://www.orgene.net/CnnPOGTP.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
TrkB-dependent EphrinA reverse signaling regulates callosal axon fasciculate growth downstream of Neurod2/6
Authors: Yan Kuo , Bormuth Ingo , Bormuth Olga , Tutukova Svetlana , Renner Ana , Bessa Paraskevi , Schaub Theres , Rosário Marta , Tarabykin Victor 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAbnormal development of corpus callosum is relatively common and causes a broad spectrum of cognitive impairments in humans. We use acallosal Neurod2/6-deficient mice to study callosal axon guidance within the ipsilateral cerebral cortex. Initial callosal tracts form but fail to traverse the ipsilateral cingulum and are not attracted towards the midline in the absence of Neurod2/6. We show that the restoration of Ephrin-A4 (EfnA4) expression in the embryonic neocortex of Neurod2/6-deficient embryos is sufficient to partially rescue targeted callosal axon growth towards the midline. EfnA4 cannot directly mediate reverse signaling within outgrowing axons, but it forms co-receptor complexes with TrkB (Ntrk2). The ability of EfnA4 to rescue the guided growth of a subset of callosal axons in Neurod2/6-deficient mice is abolished by the co-expression of dominant negative TrkBK571N (kinase-dead) or TrkBY515F (SHC-binding deficient) variants, but not by TrkBY816F (PLCγ1-binding deficient). Additionally, EphA4 is repulsive to EfnA4-positive medially projecting axons in organotypic brain slice culture. Collectively, we suggest that EfnA4-mediated reverse signaling acts via TrkB-SHC and is required for ipsilateral callosal axon growth accuracy towards the midline downstream of Neurod family factors.
Complex forelimb movements and cortical topography evoked by intracortical microstimulation in male and female mice
Authors: Brown Andrew R , Mitra Shaarang , Teskey G Campbell , Boychuk Jeffery A 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe motor cortex is crucial for the voluntary control of skilled movement in mammals and is topographically organized into representations of the body (motor maps). Intracortical microstimulation of the motor cortex with long-duration pulse trains (LD-ICMS; ~500 ms) evokes complex movements, occurring in multiple joints or axial muscles, with characteristic movement postures and cortical topography across a variety of mammalian species. Although the laboratory mouse is extensively used in basic and pre-clinical research, high-resolution motor maps elicited with electrical LD-ICMS in both sexes of the adult mouse has yet to be reported. To address this knowledge gap, we performed LD-ICMS of the forelimb motor cortex in both male (n = 10) and naturally cycling female (n = 8) C57/BL6J mice under light ketamine-xylazine anesthesia. Complex and simple movements were evoked from historically defined caudal (CFA) and rostral (RFA) forelimb areas. Four complex forelimb movements were identified consisting of Elevate, Advance, Dig, and Retract postures with characteristic movement sequences and endpoints. Furthermore, evoked complex forelimb movements and cortical topography in mice were organized within the CFA in a unique manner relative to a qualitative comparison with the rat.
Inducible apelin receptor knockdown reduces differentiation efficiency and contractility of hESC-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Macrae Robyn G C , Colzani Maria T , Williams Thomas L , Bayraktar Semih , Kuc Rhoda E , Pullinger Anna L , Bernard William G , Robinson Emma L , Davenport Emma E , Maguire Janet J , Sinha Sanjay , Davenport Anthony P 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsThe apelin receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor, has emerged as a key regulator of cardiovascular development, physiology, and disease. However, there is a lack of suitable human in vitro models to investigate the apelinergic system in cardiovascular cell types. For the first time we have used human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) and a novel inducible knockdown system to examine the role of the apelin receptor in both cardiomyocyte development and to determine the consequences of loss of apelin receptor function as a model of disease.Methods and resultsExpression of the apelin receptor and its ligands in hESCs and hESC-CMs was determined. hESCs carrying a tetracycline-inducible short hairpin RNA targeting the apelin receptor were generated using the sOPTiKD system. Phenotypic assays characterized the consequences of either apelin receptor knockdown before hESC-CM differentiation (early knockdown) or in 3D engineered heart tissues as a disease model (late knockdown). hESC-CMs expressed the apelin signalling system at a similar level to the adult heart. Early apelin receptor knockdown decreased cardiomyocyte differentiation efficiency and prolonged voltage sensing, associated with asynchronous contraction. Late apelin receptor knockdown had detrimental consequences on 3D engineered heart tissue contractile properties, decreasing contractility and increasing stiffness.ConclusionsWe have successfully knocked down the apelin receptor, using an inducible system, to demonstrate a key role in hESC-CM differentiation. Knockdown in 3D engineered heart tissues recapitulated the phenotype of apelin receptor down-regulation in a failing heart, providing a potential platform for modelling heart failure and testing novel therapeutic strategies.
Geophysical inversion and optimal transport
Authors: Sambridge Malcolm , Jackson Andrew , Valentine Andrew P 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARYWe propose a new approach to measuring the agreement between two oscillatory time-series, such as seismic waveforms, and demonstrate that it can be used effectively in inverse problems. Our approach is based on Optimal Transport theory and the Wasserstein distance, with a novel transformation of the time-series to ensure that necessary normalization and positivity conditions are met. Our measure is differentiable, and can readily be used within an optimization framework. We demonstrate performance with a variety of synthetic examples, including seismic source inversion, and observe substantially better convergence properties than achieved with conventional L2 misfits. We also briefly discuss the relationship between Optimal Transport and Bayesian inference.