bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SEQUENCE OF AILLIKITE AND CALCITE CARBONATITE FORMATION WITHIN THE BELAYA ZIMA MASSIF, EAST SIBERIA, RUSSIA
Authors: Zhmodik S. M. , Ashchepkov I. V. , Belyanin D. K. , Ayriyants E. V. , Kiseleva O. N. , Ponomarchuk V. A. 
Published: October 2022

The mineralogical and geochemical features, as well as the sequence of formation of aillikite and calcite carbonatite (CC) with pyrochlore are described for the massif of alkaline ultramafic carbonatite complexes Belaya Zima located in East Siberia. Until now, mutually exclusive information presents the temporal relationships of carbonatites and lamprophyres of the Belaya Zima massif.The sample marking the contact of aillikite and CC was comprehensive studied using analytical methods, e.g. XRF (ARL-9900XP spectrometer, ThermoFisher Scientific), ICP-MS (Element Finnigan MAT), SEM (MIRA 3 LMU (Tescan Ltd)), transmission and ore microscopy (AxioScope. A1, Zeiss), 40Ar/39Ar age determination of micas (Argus mass spectrometer, Micromass). The data obtained indicate a later formation of CC relative to aillikites and probable separation of the carbonatite melt from a single picrite-carbonatite source.
ALKALI-CONTAINING MINERALS WITHIN MELT INCLUSIONS IN OLIVINE OF MANTLE XENOLITHS FROM BULTFONTEIN KIMBERLITE PIPE (KAAPVAAL CRATON): EVIDENCE ON HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF ALKALIS IN KIMBERLITE MELTS
Authors: Tarasov A. A. , Golovin A. V. , Sharygin I. S. 
Published: October 2022

The study reports the mineral assemblage of the crystallized secondary melt inclusions in the olivine of sheared peridotites xenoliths from Bultfontein kimberlite pipe (Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa). In this type of xenoliths, the inclusions may correspond in composition to primitive kimberlite melts related to the magmatism that formed the Bultfontein pipe. Among 32 daughter phases within the inclusions, there are both ordinary rock-forming and minor minerals for kimberlites (silicates, carbonates, oxides) and "exotic" (alkali carbonates, sulfates, and chlorides) for these rocks. In the inclusions, 20 alkali-containing minerals are present, 12 of which are Na-bearing and – 4 Na-K-bearing. For instance, the inclusions contain nyerereite, K-nyerereite, shortite, gregoryite, eitelite, bradleyite, northupite, tychite, burkeite, aphthitalite, arcanite, thenardite, sylvine, and halite. On the basis of these results, the kimberlite melt of the Bultfontein pipe had Na-specification rather than Ca or K ones. The carbonates, sulfates, and chlorides significantly prevail over silicates, which content (serpentine + micas) does not exceed 16 vol. %, in the inclusions.The obtained results pose fundamental questions regarding the petrogenesis of kimberlites: (i) initial sodium concentrations in kimberlite melts and rocks, which are "traditionally" considered as very low; (ii) composition and ratio of volatile components in kimberlite magmas, namely, the initial contents of both CO2 and the components such as Cl, SO3 and H2O; (iii) primary magmatic mineral association of kimberlite rocks, which loses diverse alkali-containing minerals, but mica, due to serpentinization process.
Det “ægte” og det “uægte” værk. Lucas Cranach den Ældres kunstpraksis og de kvaler, den har forvoldt kunsthistorien
Authors: Poulsen Hanne Kolind 
Published: October 2022

The Question of Originality. Lucas Cranach the Elder’s Artistic Practice and the Quandaries Thereby Unleashed on Art HistoryIt has been fundamental to art history to find out which artists produced what art works. Enormous research efforts have been devoted to identifying the “true images”, the genuine Rafaels, Rembrandts, Picassos, etc. And at the least it remains an important part of the more traditional art historical profession. In the article, I intend to address and discuss this concept of a “true image”, realizing that in former times it appears that it was not equally essential to identify the artist persona that posterity has so persistently insisted on establishing. For this purpose, I have chosen the example of German renaissance artist Lucas Cranach the Elder. His workshop practice, which in its relative extremity was actually quite ordinary for the time, provides an exemplary illustration of the problems that this type of artistic activity has produced for (traditional) art history. Attribution debates have dominated Cranach research from the beginning of the nineteenth century until today. But even on the basis of modern technical examinations, it has proven impossible to convincingly determine exactly who produced a given Cranach work: a skilled assistant, one of the Cranach sons, or Cranach the Elder himself? I address the question of why art historians nonetheless have insisted on trying to do so. I suggest a departure from the endless discussion and instead to consider Cranach not primarily as a painter, but as the creative force of the workshop – that is, the one who produced the designs for the works, provided and developed the techniques of execution to make the works’ aesthetic stable and easy to copy, organized the work and politics of the workshop, and, not least, attracted the customers. How much and what he actually painted himself thus becomes a question of less importance.
Motivationsparadokset
Authors: Ushioda Erma 
Published: October 2022

Ifølge Collins COBUILD Students’ Dictionary beskriver man en situation som para- doksal når den indebærer to kendsgerninger som man ikke ville forvente var sande på én gang. Ordbogen giver et eksempel:
It was crowded and yet at the same time peaceful. This was a paradox she often remarked on. (Der var tæt af mennesker, men samtidig meget fredeligt. Det var et paradoks som hun ofte kom med en bemærkning om). (...)
Same Day Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation, Prevalence and Co-factors of Advanced HIV Disease in an African Population- A 1 Year Report
Authors: Sarah Abere , Alali Dan-Jumbo , Boma Oyan , Gomba Eno , Michael Bawo , Samuel Asonye , Ajibola Alabi 
Published: October 2022

Background: Advanced HIV disease (AHD) represents a stage of HIV infection characterized by severe immunosuppression and a high risk of mortality. An understanding of the burden and associated risk factors for AHD is important in order to design programs targeted at prevention and treatment with the aim of reducing HIV associated morbidity and mortality. This study set out to determine the prevalence and risk factors for AHD in a tertiary health facility in Southern Nigeria as well as to ascertain the frequency of Same day initiation of Highly Active Antiviral Therapy in AHD patients.
Methodology: This was a retrospective cross-sectional review of data from 419 adults and children diagnosed with AHD seen at the antiretroviral therapy clinic and Emergency department of the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) over a 1year period. Details including personal bio-data and clinical information were obtained from the HIV registry of the hospital.
Results: Four hundred and nineteen (419) patients were diagnosed with Advanced HIV disease between January 2021- January 2022 with a mean age of 35.8 years. Regarding the co-factors, Sixty- four (29.4%) of the 218 persons tested were positive for tuberculosis while 18(9.2%) of the 196 patients tested for cryptococcus infection were positive. One hundred and forty-eight (148) of the AHD population had CD4 cell count of <200cells comprising 144 (97%) adults and 4(3%) children. AHD, defined by a CD4 count of <200 cells was more prevalent within the age bracket of 40-49years (n=51, 34%) and among females [F:M 81 (55%) vs 67 (45%)]. Majority of the patients presented with WHO stage 3 disease (n=64, 43.2%) closely followed by stage 2 disease (n=47, 31.79%). Stage 4 disease was found in only 2.02%. The overall same day initiation (SDI) of AHD patients was 97% (n=144).
Conclusion: Advanced HIV disease is highly prevalent despite the test and treat approach to care. Interventions aimed at prevention, adherence to therapy as well as early recognition and treatment is paramount in reducing the burden of AHD.
Predicting safe employee behavior in the steel industry: Development and test of a sociotechnical model
Authors: Brown Karen A , Willis P.Geoffrey , Prussia Gregory E 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIndustrial safety is an important issue for operations managers — it has implications for cost, delivery, quality, and social responsibility. Minor accidents can interfere with production in a variety of ways, and a serious accident can shut down an entire operation. In this context, questions about the causes of workplace accidents are highly relevant. There is a popular notion that employees' unsafe acts are the primary causes of workplace accidents, but a number of authors suggest a perspective that highlights influences from operating and social systems. The study described herein addresses this subject by assessing steelworkers' responses to a survey about social, technical, and personal factors related to safe work behaviors. Results provide evidence that a chain reaction of technical and social constructs operate through employees to influence safe behaviors. These results demonstrate that safety hazards, safety culture, and production pressures can influence safety efficacy and cavalier attitudes, on a path leading to safe or unsafe work behaviors. Based on these results, we conclude with prescriptions for operations managers and others who play roles in the causal sequence.
A Reusable and Specific Protein A‐Coated Piezoelectric Biosensor for Flow Injection Immunoassay
Authors: Lu Hsin‐Chun , Chen Hsiu‐Mei , Lin Yu‐Sheng , Lin Jeng‐Wei 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA hydrophilic matrix of periodate‐oxidized dextran was used as a double‐sided linker to covalently immobilizeStaphylococcus aureusprotein A (SpA) molecules onto a poly‐L‐lysine‐modified piezoelectric crystal surface to improve their stability, activity, and binding specificity with human immunoglobulin G (IgG) in flow injection assays. The prepared sensing crystals displayed best sensitivity and reusability at a flow rate of 140 μL/min. A human IgG concentration as low as 0.3 nM can be detected by this system. Up to 19 successive assay repetitions were achieved without significant loss of sensitivity using the same crystal. The analysis of adsorption kinetics indicates that such a preparation can greatly increase the amount of available active human IgG binding sites on immobilized SpA. Hardly any response arising from unspecific binding was detected. In addition, the sensing crystal prepared by this method was found to retain activity better than one prepared via direct deposition when stored in either wet or dry states. Finally, the prepared SpA‐coated crystals were applied to the affinity immobilization of polyclonal goat anti‐Schistosomajaponicumglutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) and were able to subsequently detect GST and its genetically engineered mutant either in a purified form or in the crude cell lysate.
Simulation of lethal control and fertility control in a demographic model for Brandt’s vole Microtus brandti
Authors: Shi Dazhao , Wan Xinrong , Davis Stephen A. , Pech Roger P. , Zhang Zhibin 
Published: July 2002

Summary

Brandt’s vole Microtus brandti is considered a pest in China and is actively managed through the use of toxic baits. A time‐dependent density‐dependent Leslie matrix model was developed to investigate the effectiveness of fertility control as an alternative.
Three annual cycles of Brandt’s vole were observed between 1995 and 1998 at a site in the grasslands of Inner Mongolia, China. For each of these cycles, cohort‐specific monthly survival rates were derived for the spring, summer and autumn months. Over the breeding season, monthly reproductive rates were obtained as numbers of young females per adult female.
Survival of voles over winter, a 5–6‐month period, depended on age at the onset of winter and the density in autumn.
The model was parameterized with measured and continuously varying monthly data for vital rates. It was then used to predict the impact that fertility control, delivered with non‐toxic baits, and lethal control would have had on the vole population if control had been imposed in the autumn of 1994 or spring of 1995. The timing and frequency of bait delivery were varied, and we considered the population response to bait that renders females sterile and bait that renders females only temporarily infertile.
The model suggested that the effectiveness of lethal control in spring could be matched by fertility control if it was applied twice in the spring of a year in which high densities were reached, or in the previous autumn. The latter requires that (i) infertility is long‐lasting in treated animals and (ii) either high‐density years be reliably forecast a year ahead or fertility control be applied every autumn.
Brandt’s voles provide an exception to the general rule that fertility control is never more effective than lethal control applied at the same time with the same bait uptake. We found that when control was applied in autumn, fertility control was better than lethal control in reducing the numbers of voles over the following spring, summer and autumn. This is because normal density‐dependent mortality over winter has a greater impact following fertility control than lethal control.
Self‐Destructive Behaviors in Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Draper Brian , Brodaty Henry , Low Lee‐Fay , Richards Vicki , Paton Helen , Lie David 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVES: To validate the Harmful Behaviors Scale (HBS) as a measure of direct and indirect self‐destructive behaviors in nursing home residents and to determine the prevalence of self‐destructive behaviors and their relationship to other variables.DESIGN: A cross‐sectional study.SETTING: Eleven nursing homes in the eastern suburbs of Sydney, Australia.PARTICIPANTS: Six hundred ten nursing home residents aged 65 and older.MEASUREMENTS: Instruments used were the HBS, Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale (BEHAVE‐AD), Functional Assessment Staging Scale (FAST), Even Briefer Assessment Scale for Depression (EBAS‐Dep), and the suicide item from the structured Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Data on diagnoses of dementia, depression, or psychotic disorder; prescription of psychotropic medication; and demographics were obtained from nursing home records.RESULTS: On the HBS, indirect harmful behaviors occurred at least weekly in 61% of subjects, and direct harmful behaviors occurred in 14% of subjects. The HBS total score was significantly positively correlated with the BEHAVE‐AD score (Pearson's r = 0.679, P < .001) but not with the EBAS‐Dep “wish for death” item and total score. HBS scores were significantly higher in residents scoring greater than zero on the Hamilton suicide item (F = 1.380, df = 3,325, P = .249). Stepwise multiple linear regression indicated that younger age, chart diagnosis of dementia, greater incapacity as measured by FAST, and a higher Hamilton suicide item score predicted a higher HBS total score.CONCLUSIONS: Self‐destructive behaviors are common in nursing home residents and are mostly related to dementia. There was little evidence of a relationship between depression and self‐destructive behaviors.
Performance of water jet cooled silicon monochromators in high power x-ray beams (abstract)
Authors: Berman Lonny E. , Hart Michael 
Published: July 2002

We have fabricated and tested water jet cooled silicon (111) and (220) monochromators specially tailored for extended wiggler beam and concentrated undulator beam power loadings. The tests were made at the X25 27 pole, 1.1 T hybrid wiggler beam line1 at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS). The wiggler-like line-type loading was produced by the direct, unfocused wiggler white beam, in which 300 W of total power in a 60-mm-wide by 5-mm-high [full width at half maximum (FWHM)] cross section were available in the experimental hutch; this represents a typical power density at existing insertion device beam lines. The undulator-like point-type loading was produced by the focused wiggler white beam, generated via reflection of a portion of the direct white beam from a toroidal platinum-coated silicon mirror, resulting in 75 W of total power in a 0.8-mm-wide (FWHM) by 0.45-mm-high (FWHM) cross section in the hutch. This will be a typical power density at next-generation insertion device beam lines.
The monochromator design consists of a thin walled silicon box whose bottom is glued to a stainless-steel water manifold; the coolant is delivered through jet tubes directed perpendicular to the underside of the top, diffracting surface of the box.2 Rectangular monochromators with multiple jets were used for the line power loading studies, and cylindrical monochromators with single jets were used for the point power loading studies. Provisions for simple adaptive corrections to compensate for the inevitable beam-induced thermal deformations, consisting of mechanisms to reverse-bend the top surface, and internal heat baffles to frustrate the cooling at the edges of the crystal (to produce an isothermal top surface), were included in the designs. These required approximate matching of the top surface dimensions to the x-ray footprint. To better understand the thermal strain fields, spatial and angular mapping of both fundamental and harmonic Bragg reflections within the beam footprint were undertaken.3 For the line power loading situation, Bragg angle variations of up to 4 arcsec across the beam footprint were observed, resulting in near-perfect performance for the fundamental.4 The harmonic was more sensitive to these strains;4 the described adaptive methods were used to correct for them.5 For the point loading situation, Bragg angle variations of over 200 arcsec were measured, causing distorted fundamental and harmonic reflectivity curves; again, ≳90% compensation was achieved via adaptive techniques.6 The detailed results show that while, for silicon at room temperature, passive crystal cooling methods are sufficient for the present unfocused insertion device beam lines, adaptive methods will have to be considered for future insertion device beam lines. This work was supported in part by th
Laser-assisted deposition of iron on Si(111)-(7×7): The mechanism and energetics of Fe(CO)5 decomposition
Authors: Swanson Jon R. , Friend C. M. , Chabal Y. J. 
Published: July 2002

The adsorption and decomposition of Fe(CO)5 on the Si(111)-(7×7) surface has been investigated using multiple internal reflection Fourier transform-infrared, Auger electron, and temperature programmed desorption spectroscopies and low energy electron diffraction under ultrahigh vacuum conditions at 120 K. Resonant decomposition of adsorbed Fe(CO)5 via a multiphoton electronic excitation of the molecule was observed using laser photolysis. Iron deposition was induced efficiently by ultraviolet but not visible photons with high cross sections, in other words, only in the wavelength region where excitation of metal–ligand charge transfer bands and d–d transitions occur. In addition, Fe(CO)5 decomposition was induced using 1.6 keV electrons. No thermal reaction was apparent in temperature programmed desorption experiments. Only molecular Fe(CO)5 desorption was observed at temperatures of 150 and 170 K. Significant amounts of carbon were deposited from the electron induced decomposition while no residual oxygen or carbon were detected in the photodeposited Fe. No partially decarbonylated Fe(CO)x, x&lt;5, fragments were detected subsequent to exposure to ultraviolet photons using infrared spectroscopy. In addition, no new features were observed in a temperature programmed desorption experiment after laser
photolysis. These data suggest that there are no surface stable Fe(CO)x, x&lt;5, species in the photodeposition process. Instead, photolysis yields adsorbed Fe atoms without trapping of iron carbonyl fragments, even at low temperatures. Multiple photons were required to induce the Fe(CO)5 decomposition based on the fluence dependence of the photodecomposition yield. These data are consistent with gas phase photodecomposition energetics. The two mechanisms proposed are rapid sequential ejection of CO into the gas phase with loss of the first CO being rate limiting or simultaneous ejection of all CO. An unresolved low frequency shoulder did appear in the infrared spectrum after exposing the Fe(CO)5 covered Si(111)-(7×7) crystal to the electron beam, possibly due to formation of a distribution of surface stable Fe(CO)x, x&lt;5, fragments. The relative Fe:Si Auger peak intensities after photolysis and annealing to 300 and 1000 K were different by a factor of 2 indicative of diffusion of Fe into the crystal and probable silicide formation. Molecular carbon monoxide could not be readsorbed on a surface where Fe(CO)5 had been photolytically decomposed and annealed to 300 or 1000 K, further evidence that isolated iron is not formed in the laser deposition process.
Generating functional approach to multichannel parallel relaxation with application to the problem of direct energy transfer in fractal systems with dynamic disorder
Authors: Vlad Marcel Ovidiu , Mackey Michael C. 
Published: July 2002

A model for multichannel parallel relaxation is suggested based on the following assumptions: (a) an individual channel is characterized by a set of continuous state variables; the corresponding relaxation rate is a function of the state variables as well as of the time interval for which the channel is open; (b) the number of channels is a random variable described by a correlated point process defined in the space of state parameters of an individual channel. Analytical expressions for the generating functional of the overall relaxation rate and for the average survival function are derived in terms of the generating functional of the point process. The general formalism is applied to the problem of direct energy transfer from excited donors to acceptors in fractal systems with dynamic disorder. It is assumed that the number of acceptors obeys a Poissonian distribution law with a constant average density in a df-dimensional fractal structure embedded in a ds-dimensional Euclidean space (ds=1,2,3) and that an individual relaxation rate is an inverse power function of the distance between the acceptor and the donor molecules.
The dynamic disorder is described in terms of three different functions: the rate ω(t) of opening of a channel at time t, the attenuation function φ(t) of the reactivity of an individual channel at time t, and the probability density ψ(t) of the time interval within which a channel is open. Several particular cases corresponding to different functions ω(t), φ(t), and ψ(t) are investigated. The static disorder corresponds to a survival function of the stretched exponential type exp[−(Ωt)β] with 1≳β≳0. For very strong dynamic disorder there is no attenuation of reactivity, the opening time is infinite and the survival function is given by a compressed exponential exp[−const.t1+β], 1≳β≳0. The other cases analyzed correspond to a slowly decreasing attenuation function and to an exponential distribution of the opening time, respectively; for them the efficiency of relaxation is between the ones corresponding to the two extreme cases of static and very strong dynamic disorder. The general conclusion is that the passage from static to the dynamic disorder results in an increase of the efficiency of the relaxation process.