bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The femoral intercondylar notch is an accurate landmark for the resection depth of the distal femur in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Liu David W. , Martinez Martos Sara , Dai Yifei , Beller Elaine M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Conventionally, the depth of distal femoral resection in total knee arthroplasty is referenced from the most prominent distal femoral condyle. This surgical technique does not consider pathological alterations of articular surfaces or severity of knee deformity. It has been hypothesized that the femoral intercondylar notch is a clinically reliable and more accurate alternative landmark for the resection depth of the distal femur in primary total knee arthroplasty.

Methods
The resection depths of the distal femur at the medial and lateral femoral condyles and intercondylar notch were measured using computer navigation in 406 total knee arthroplasties. Variability between the bone resection depths was analyzed by standard deviation, 95% confidence interval and variance. Clinical follow-up of outcome to a minimum of 12 months was performed to further inform and validate the analysis.

Results
Mean resection depth of the medial condyle was 10.7 mm, of the lateral condyle 7.9 mm and of the femoral intercondylar notch 1.9 mm. The femoral intercondylar notch had the lowest variance in resection depth among the three landmarks assessed, with a variance of 1.7 mm2 compared to 2.8 mm2 for the medial femoral condyle and 5.1 mm2 for the lateral femoral condyle. The intercondylar notch reference had the lowest standard deviation and 95% confidence interval. The resection depth referencing the notch was not sensitive to the degree of flexion contracture pre-operatively, whereas the medial and lateral condyles were. For varus deformed knees, distal femoral resection depth at the notch averaged 2 mm, which corresponds to the femoral prosthesis thickness at the intercondylar region, while for valgus deformed knees, the resection was flush with the intercondylar notch.

Conclusions
The femoral intercondylar notch is a clinically practical and reproducible landmark for appropriate and accurate resection depth of the distal femur in primary total knee arthroplasty.

Level of evidence
Level III: Retrospective cohort study.
The effect of COVID-19 on foreign direct investment inflows: stylised facts and some explanations
Authors: Moosa Imad A. , Merza Ebrahim 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has impacted every aspect of our lives. The economic effects include the adverse consequences for economic growth, international trade, and foreign direct investment. This paper presents stylised facts about the fall and rebound of FDI inflows as a result of the pandemic. The effects of COVID-19 are considered from three angles: macroeconomic shocks to the economy, theories of foreign direct investment, and studies of the economic effects of disasters and crises. The change of heart away from globalisation and deindustrialisation may discourage FDI flows, which have already been undermined by other factors such as the digitisation of the economy and the emergence of Industry 4.0.
The goal of primary therapy in non-metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer should be radiological complete response
Authors: Korkmaz Mustafa , Eryılmaz Melek Karakurt , Koçak Mehmet Zahid , Demirkıran Aykut , Karaağaç Mustafa , Artaç Mehmet 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
We aimed to investigate the effect of radiological complete response on survival outcomes in patients with non-metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer. This study is conducted as a retrospective cohort. Of the 185 patients screened, 60 were metastatic, 25 patients’ data was not available, and as a result, 92 patients were included in the study. Among the complete response (CR) and incomplete response (IR) groups, overall survival (OS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and locoregional failure-free survival (LRFFS) were evaluated.

Results
Of the 92 patients, 54 (58.6%) were CR and 38 (41.4%) were IR patients. Of the whole study group, the 5-year OS, DMFS, and LRFFS rates were 75%, 78%, and 95%, respectively. A significant difference was found between the 5-year OS (90% vs. 60%, p = 0.001) and DMFS (87% vs. 65%, p = 0.02) rates. However, there was no significant difference in the 5-year LRFFS rate (97% vs. 92%, p = 0.16). Complete response were determined as an independent predictor for OS (HR: 0.13, 95% Cl: 0.045–0.36, p < 0.001) and DMFS (HR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.095–0.744, p = 0.012).

Conclusion
As a result, the survival benefit in patients with CR after primary treatment is evident as shown in the above studies. Therefore, the aim of primary treatment should be to increase the CR rates. It is important to evaluate early tumor response to determine poor tumor regression.
Medicare Part D Coverage Restrictions and Patient Cost-Sharing for Opioids Commonly Used for Cancer Pain, 2015-2021
Authors: Bao Yuhua , Zhang Hao , Hartung Daniel M. , Witkin Lisa R. , Paice Judith A. 
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE: Nation-wide rapid declines in prescription opioid dispensing gave rise to concerns regarding restricted access to effective pain management for patients with cancer-related pain. One important mechanism for such restrictions could be through more restrictive insurance coverage for opioids. This study aims to assess recent changes in Medicare Part D formulary designs for opioids commonly used for cancer-related pain. METHODS: We used data from the 2015-2021 Medicare Prescription Drug Plan (PDP) Formulary Files to assess formulary changes for six opioid-dose combinations commonly used for cancer-related pain. We estimated % of PDPs adopting prior authorization, quantity limits (and limits adopted), and a higher cost-sharing tier for each opioid-dose combination. We further estimated median and mean out-of-pocket (OOP) costs across all PDPs for a 30-day supply of the drug. Trends in proportions were tested using the Cochrane-Armitage test; trends in continuous measures were tested using the Jonckheere-Terpstra test. RESULTS: Proportion of PDPs adopting prior authorization increased from close to 0% to about 50% for two long-acting opioids ( P < .001). Distribution of quantity limits across PDPs shifted over time to being more restrictive for all opioids considered ( P < .001). For four of the six opioids, the proportion of PDPs adopting tier 3 or above increased from below or about 50% to well over 70% ( P < .001). For the same four opioids, median OOP costs doubled to quadrupled ( P < .001). CONCLUSION: Medicare PDP coverage has become increasingly restrictive for opioids commonly used for cancer-related pain, with multifold increases in patient OOP costs over the past 7 years. These changes pose concerns for patients with cancer needing opioid therapies for pain control and call for strategies to effectively exempt cancer-related pain from insurance and pharmacy rules intended to apply to opioids for noncancer chronic pain.
Matched Molecular Profiling of Cell-Free DNA and Tumor Tissue in Patients With Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kotecha Ritesh R. , Gedvilaite Erika , Ptashkin Ryan , Knezevic Andrea , Murray Samuel , Johnson Ian , Shapnik Natalie , Feldman Darren R. , Carlo Maria I. , Shah Neil J. , Dunigan Marisa , Huberman Kety , Benayed Ryma , Zehir Ahmet , Berger Michael F. , Ladanyi Marc , Tsui Dana W. Y. , Motzer Robert J. , Lee Chung-Han , Voss Martin H. 
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE The clinical utility of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a biomarker for advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. We evaluated the validity of cfDNA-based genomic profiling in a large cohort of patients with ccRCC with matched next-generation sequencing (NGS) from primary tumor tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed paired NGS of tumor DNA and plasma cfDNA using the MSK-IMPACT platform in 110 patients with metastatic ccRCC. Tissues were profiled for variants and copy number alterations with germline comparison. Manual cross-genotyping between cfDNA and tumor tissue was performed. Deep sequencing with a higher sensitivity platform, MSK-ACCESS, was performed on a subset of cfDNA samples. Clinical data and radiographic tumor volumes were assessed to correlate cfDNA yield with treatment response and disease burden. RESULTS Tumor tissue MSK-IMPACT testing identified 582 genomic alterations (GAs) across the cohort. Using standard thresholds for de novo variant calling in cfDNA, only 24 GAs were found by MSK-IMPACT in cfDNA in 7 of 110 patients (6%). With manual cross-genotyping, 210 GAs were detectable below thresholds in 74 patients (67%). Intrapatient concordance with tumor tissue was limited, including VHL (31.6%), PBRM1 (24.1%), and TP53 (52.9%). cfDNA profiling did not identify 3p loss because of low tumor fractions. Tumor volume was associated with cfDNA allele frequency, and VHL concordance was superior for patients with greater disease burden. CONCLUSION cfDNA-based NGS profiling yielded low detection rates in this metastatic ccRCC cohort. Concordance with tumor profiling was low, even for truncal mutations such as VHL, and some findings in peripheral blood may represent clonal hematopoiesis. Routine cfDNA panel testing is not supported, and its application in biomarker efforts must account for these limitations.
Development of a Novel Bilosomal System for Improved Oral Bioavailability of Sertraline Hydrochloride: Formulation Design, In Vitro Characterization, and Ex Vivo and In Vivo Studies
Authors: Ismail Aliaa , Teiama Mohammed , Magdy Basma , Sakran Wedad 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study was proposed to develop an optimized sertraline hydrochloride (SER)–loaded bilosomal system and evaluate its potential for enhancement of drug oral bioavailability. A full 23 factorial design was used to prepare SER-loaded bilosomal dispersions by thin film hydration using span 60, cholesterol (CHL), and sodium deoxycholate (SDC). The investigated factors included the total concentration of span 60 and CHL (X1), span 60:CHL molar ratio (X2), and SER:SDC molar ratio (X3). The studied responses were entrapment efficiency (EE%) (Y1), zeta potential (Y2), particle size (Y3), and in vitro % drug released at 2 (Y4), 8 (Y5), and 24 h (Y6). The selected optimal bilosomal dispersion (N1) composition was 0.5% w/v (X1), 1:1 (X2), and 1:2 (X3). Then, N1 was freeze dried into FDN1 that compared with pure SER for in vitro drug release, ex vivo permeation through rabbit intestine, and in vivo absorption in rats. Moreover, storage effect on FDN1 over 3 months was assessed. The optimal dispersion (N1) showed 68 ± 0.7% entrapment efficiency, − 41 ± 0.78 mV zeta potential, and 377 ± 19 nm particle size. The freeze-dried form (FDN1) showed less % drug released in simulated gastric fluids with remarkable sustained SER release up to 24 h compared to pure SER. Moreover, FDN1 showed good stability, fivefold enhancement in SER permeation through rabbit intestine, and 222% bioavailability enhancement in rats’ in vivo absorption study compared to pure SER. The SER-loaded bilosomal system (FDN1) could improve SER oral bioavailability with minimization of gastrointestinal side effects.
Graphical abstract
“That's How It Is”: Quotidian Violence and Resistance in Olivia Wenzel's1000 Coils of Fear
Authors: Layne Priscilla 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBlack Germans occupy a unique position of simultaneous invisibility and hypervisibility. Since their country did away with the category of race due to its associations with the Nazis, on paper Black Germans are read as just “German” and de facto white. But they are also hypervisible, because in public their appearance makes them the target of discrimination and racist violence. Due to Black Germans’ structural invisibility, white Germans often fail to recognize the structural racism that affects their daily lives. In fact, white Germans commonly claim that racism is an American problem and not really an issue in Germany. Black German author Olivia Wenzel, in her recent autofictional novel 1000 Coils of Fear (2020), rejects this spectacle of racism that Germans commonly associate with America to instead expose the “quotidian violence” (Kara Keeling) in German society that allows the white majority to give its silent approval of racism. Arguably, 1000 Coils of Fear is not just about the terror of everyday Black life but also about Black life's endurance: the narrator's ability to survive despite the ever-present terror of white supremacy, her ability to create new life, vis-à-vis her pregnancy, and the endless possibilities her future self and her future child can take. By using a narrative form—autofiction—that embodies the relational, fluid self of a queer, diasporic, Black subject, Wenzel's novel best captures Black Lives Matter's desire to center those folx who are often excluded.
Mitochondrial haplogroup association with fasting glucose response in African Americans treated with a thiazide diuretic
Authors: Minniefield Bre , Armstrong Nicole , Srinivasasainagendra Vinodh , Tiwari Hemant , Ballinger Scott , Chong Zechen , Aslibekyan Stella , Arnett Donna , Irvin Marguerite 
Published: July 2022

Background: Hypertensive African Americans have a ~50% response rate to thiazide diuretic treatment. This contributes to a high prevalence of uncontrolled high blood pressure. Here, we examined the role of the mitochondrial genome on thiazide diuretic treatment response in hypertensive African Americans enrolled in a clinical trial. Methods: Participants from the Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT, n= 4279) were genotyped using the Illumina Infinium Multi-Ethnic Beadchip. Haplotype groups were called using HaploGrep. We used a linear regression analysis to examine the association between mitochondrial haplogroups (L, M, and N) and changes in blood pressure and fasting glucose over six months and two years, respectively. Results: The analysis revealed a null association between mitochondrial haplogroups M and N versus L for each of the outcomes. In subgroup analysis, the L subclades L1, L2, and L3/L4 (versus L0) were each inversely associated with fasting glucose response (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This discovery analysis suggests the mitochondrial genome has a small effect on fasting glucose response, but not that of blood pressure, to thiazide diuretic treatment in African Americans.
A scoping review protocol on food handlers’ knowledge, attitude, and practices towards food hygiene and safety in low and middle-income countries
Authors: Dabral Paritosh , Kumaran Piramanayagam Senthil , Nigli Keith , Dhyani Vijay Shree 
Published: July 2022

Background: Food safety and hygiene has emerged as the foremost cause of concern in recent time, especially post-pandemic and has changed the eating out behaviour of the consumers. Consumers often consider food safety and hygiene as one of the most prominent factors and hence it is important for food handlers to have adequate knowledge and the right attitude towards food safety and food hygiene. The review will summarise the evidence on food handlers’ behaviours towards food safety and hygiene and associated factors that inhibit positive behaviour towards following food safety protocols and standards. Methods: This scoping review protocol is guided by updated methodology from Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The search will be conducted on Medline (PubMed), Scopus and Web of Science. Google Scholar will be used to locate pertinent grey literature. A citation search will also be employed for identifying additional relevant studies. Quantitative and qualitative studies published from 2011- present will be included. Two reviewers will independently screen and extract the data. A third reviewer will be involved in resolving disagreements between reviewers. A two-stage screening including title/abstract and full-text will be conducted. Data extraction will be done using a pilot-tested data extraction form. The data extracted from included studies will be organised and presented using narrative synthesis. The review will also attempt to identify the unaddressed gaps in the literature with the available evidence. Ethics and dissemination: An ethical clearance is not required for this scoping review as findings from existing published literature will be summarised. The review findings will be disseminated through conference presentations and journal publications.
Gender differences in character strengths among Chinese pre-adolescents and adolescents: a multidimensional scaling profile analysis
Authors: Huo Yan , Ding Cody , Xie Jin , Kristjánsson Kristján 
Published: July 2022

Background: The present study explores gender differences through a characterological lens, inspired by the positive-psychological VIA-Youth measure. Existing research on gender differences in character development has established a certain stereotype of girls outperforming boys in western culture. Methods: Based on a sample of 695 students in elementary, middle, and high school students, we analyzed gender differences in character development in the Chinese cultural context using multidimensional scaling (MDS) profile analysis, providing a cultural account of gender differences via profile patterns. Results: Our study identified specific items where pre-adolescent and adolescent boys outperformed girls (while acknowledging there are also specific items where girls outperformed boys) based on data sourced from a Chinese context. We found gender differences in the same character strengths due to situational factors, such as intensive and sustained educational interventions and established gender traditions/expectations, which can shape the exhibition of particular character strengths differently among girls and boys. Conclusion: Findings can offer an antidote to a Western-dominated research perspective on character or moral education. It enriches the literature on moral education in a different cultural context and provides evidence of gender differences in character strengths.
Wait Time–Based Pricing for Queues with Customer-Chosen Service Times
Authors: Lin Chen-An , Shang Kevin , Sun Peng 
Published: July 2022

This paper studies a pricing problem for a single-server queue where customers arrive according to a Poisson process. For each arriving customer, the service provider announces a price rate and system wait time. In response, the customer decides whether to join the queue, and, if so, the duration of the service time. The objective is to maximize either the long-run average revenue or social welfare. We formulate this problem as a continuous-time control model whose optimality conditions involve solving a set of delay differential equations. We develop an innovative method to obtain the optimal control policy, whose structure reveals interesting insights. The optimal dynamic price rate policy is not monotone in the wait time. That is, in addition to the congestion effect (the optimal price rate increases in the wait time), we find a compensation effect, meaning that the service provider should lower the price rate when the wait time is longer than a threshold. Compared with the prevalent static pricing policy, our optimal dynamic pricing policy improves the objective value through admission control, which, in turn, increases the utilization of the server. In a numerical study, we find that our revenue-maximizing pricing policy outperforms the best static pricing policy, especially when the arrival rate is low, and customers are impatient. Interestingly, the revenue-maximizing policy also improves social welfare over the static pricing policy in most of the tested cases. We extend our model to consider nonlinear pricing and heterogeneous customers. Nonlinear pricing may improve the revenue significantly, although linear pricing is easier to implement. For the hetergeneous customer case, we obtain similar policy insights as our base model. This paper was accepted by Baris Ata, stochastic models and simulation. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4474 .
Collision-free distributed MAC protocol for passive optical intra-rack data center networks
Authors: Baziana Peristera , Drainakis Georgios 
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we present a distributed medium access control (MAC) protocol and a network architecture suitable for optical intra-rack data center networks (DCNs). The intra-rack communication is performed using passive optical components, over four data wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) channels of either 40 or 100 Gbps each, keeping low power consumption. On the other hand, the inter-rack communication is performed over a separate network through upper layer routers. In this study, we focus only on the intra-rack communication. We introduce an intra-rack DCN (IR-DCN) architecture that works in the optical domain, and two IR-DCN configurations with different total nominal capacity: 160 and 400 Gbps, respectively. Also, we propose a synchronous pre-transmission coordination fair access intra-rack MAC (intra-MAC) protocol taking into account the traffic characteristics and priority classes within existing DCNs. The proposed intra-MAC protocol totally eliminates packet collisions, achieving high performance. Particularly, it reaches high bandwidth utilization even under heavy loads: 90% and 87.5% for the two IR-DCN configurations of 160 and 400 Gbps total capacity, respectively. Also, it achieves low mean end-to-end (e2e) packet delay, lower than 0.25 and 0.12 ms, respectively, providing a reliable solution for time-sensitive DCN traffic. Specifically, simulation results demonstrate that the highest priority traffic experiences e2e delay lower than 1.9 and 1.1 µs, respectively, which is sufficient for the service of the strictest delay requirements of time-sensitive cloud applications. The intra-MAC protocol is decentralized, without the need for a network controller, providing high flexibility. Our IR-DCN proposal is studied in comparison to other currently dominant intra-rack/cluster DCNs, and it achieves from 6% to 57% higher throughput and from 20% to 99% lower e2e delay at high loads. Comparatively, it is on average 80% and 68% more energy and cost efficient, respectively.
Social relations and mental ill-health among newly arrived refugees in Sweden: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mangrio Elisabeth , Grahn Mathias , Zdravkovic Slobodan , Cuadra Carin 
Published: July 2022

Background
Previous research indicates that social relations have an impact on the well-being of refugees and that well-being is important for effective integration into the host country. Few studies in Sweden have, to the best of our knowledge, looked at the association between social relations and mental ill-health among newly arrived refugees. The aim is to investigate what effect social relations have on the mental health of newly arrived refugees in the south of Sweden.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Scania, the southernmost county of Sweden, between February 2015 and February 2016. The study population consisted of newly arrived adult refugees speaking Dari or Arabic, who received the civic and health information that is part of an introduction course for all newly arrived refugees.

Results
Individuals who rarely met with friends had higher odds of experiencing mental ill-health [OR = 1.70, 95% CI, 1.03–2.82] than individuals who frequently spent time with friends. Furthermore, individuals who seldom attended social/community meetings or activities in an organisation or group, such as a sports association or another kind of association, a church, a mosque, or women’s or men’s meetings, had higher odds of mental ill-health (OR = 1.58, 1.1–2.28), compared to those who frequently did so.

Conclusions
The study suggests a link between spending time with friends, as well as engaging in social/community activities, and the mental health of newly arrived refugees in the southernmost county of Sweden, which is one of the counties in Sweden that received the highest number of refugees. The results are in line with a previous study on the same subject in Sweden.