bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of non‐invasive electrocardiographic risk factors with left ventricular systolic function in post‐myocardial infarction patients with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction: Insights from the PRESERVE‐EF study
Authors: Tsimos Konstantinos P. , Korantzopoulos Panagiotis , Arsenos Petros , Doundoulakis Ioannis , Tsiachris Dimitrios , Antoniou Christos‐Konstantinos , Krikonis Konstantinos , Sideris Skevos , Dilaveris Polychronis , Triantafyllou Konstantinos , Soulaidopoulos Stergios , Kanoupakis Emmanuel , Fragakis Nikolaos , Sideris Antonios , Trachanas Konstantinos , Iliodromitis Efstathios , Tousoulis Dimitrios , Tsioufis Konstantinos , Kolettis Theofilos M. , Gatzoulis Konstantinos A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundElectrocardiographic non‐invasive risk factors (NIRFs) have an important role in the arrhythmic risk stratification of post‐myocardial infarction (post‐MI) patients with preserved or mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). However, their specific relation to left ventricular systolic function remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the association between NIRFs and LVEF in the patients included in the PRESERVE‐EF trial.MethodsWe studied 575 post‐MI ischemia‐free patients with LVEF≥40% (mean age: 57.0 ± 10.4 years, 86.2% men). The following NIRFs were evaluated: premature ventricular complexes, non‐sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT), late potentials (LPs), prolonged QTc, increased T‐wave alternans, reduced heart rate variability, and abnormal deceleration capacity with abnormal turbulence.ResultsThere was a statistically significant relationship between LPs (Chi‐squared = 4.975; p < .05), nsVT (Chi‐squared = 5.749, p < .05), PVCs (r= −.136; p < .01), and the LVEF. The multivariate linear regression analysis showed that LPs (p = .001) and NSVT (p < .001) were significant predictors of the LVEF. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that LPs (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.02–3.05; p = .004) and NSVT (OR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.18–5.04; p = .001) were independent predictors of the mildly reduced LVEF: 40%–49% versus the preserved LVEF: ≥50%.ConclusionLate potentials and NSVT are independently related to reduced LVEF while they are independent predictors of mildly reduced LVEF versus the preserved LVEF. These findings may have important implications for the arrhythmic risk stratification of post‐MI patients with mildly reduced or preserved LVEF.
Three neotropical bird species shift nest‐site preferences from swollen‐thorn acacias to other sites in human‐altered habitats
Authors: Amador‐Vargas Sabrina , Porras‐Brenes Katherine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNest location is a decision that presumably affects predation probability, thus, it directly impacts offspring survival. Those locations could be near animals that deter potential nest predators, like acacia ants. We tested whether the preference of three neotropical bird species (Icterus pustulatus, Tolmomyias sulphurescens and Pitangus sulphuratus) for nesting in swollen‐thorn acacias (Vachellia) shifted in human‐modified landscapes. Because natural predators deterred by ant‐defended acacias in protected forest may decrease or be replaced by other predators in human‐modified landscapes, we predicted a potential loss of preference for swollen‐thorn acacias in those landscapes. Swollen‐thorn acacias can be inhabited by defending Pseudomyrmex ants (ant‐defended acacias) or by non‐defending ants (non‐defended acacias). Hence, a preference for nesting on ant‐defended acacias was expected in natural habitats but not in anthropogenic habitats. All three bird species preferred to nest in swollen‐thorn acacias in forests, but only P. sulphuratus showed a preference for ant‐defended acacias. However, this nesting preference of all three species was lost in human‐modified landscapes, where birds switched to large trees, and included utility poles or power lines, although acacias remained a common species. The preference of P. sulphuratus for ant‐defended acacias in the forests was also lost in anthropic areas. The habitat‐dependent shift in preference for nesting trees indicates a potential change in the benefits of tree traits and the selective forces (e.g., predators) at those sites. Our results demonstrate that birds who seem strongly dependent on a tree when studied in natural habitats may shift their preferences in altered habitats.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Assessment of diversity in skin colour in dermatology medical education resources
Authors: Shah Sonali , Arbuiso Sophia , Gorgy Merit , Cline Abigail , Moy Janet 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
One hundred and fifty-three patient images from the general resources and 3583 images from Dermatology were evaluated. The majority of images were Fitzpatrick Type II (54%), followed by Type III (27%). Our findings demonstrate the lack of skin diversity continues across many medical school resources, with fair skin (Fitzpatrick Type II) accounting for the majority of images.
Disease perception impacts quality of life and fatigue in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Silva Ana Rita , Felgueiras Helena , Gonçalves Ana Isabel , Fernandes Andreia , Meira Bruna , Melância Diana , Rosa José , Silvério Maria Teresa , Macedo Ana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThere is little research on the relationship between self‐concept, psychiatric symptoms and quality of life among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. We assessed the impact of disease perception (expectation and knowledge) on these metrics according to time from diagnosis.MethodsThis was an observational, cross‐sectional, multicenter study. Group 1 included patients up to 3 months from MS diagnosis, whereas group 2 included patients with MS diagnosis established for >12 months and <36 months. A 19‐item true/false questionnaire developed by the investigators to assess disease perception, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Fatigue Severity Scale and three‐level level version of EQ‐5D questionnaires were used.ResultsA total of 90 patients from six centers were included (38 in group 1). A total of 80% had a good disease knowledge, whereas just 48% reported positive expectations. There were no differences in disease knowledge, disease expectations, HADS, Fatigue Severity Scale and EQ‐5D. We found an inverse correlation between disease knowledge and problems in self‐care (P = 0.018) and fatigue (P = 0.032). Patients with the worst expectations about the disease were more anxious (P = 0.012 on HADS and P < 0.001 on EQ‐5D). They also reported more problems in mobility (P = 0.002), self‐care (P = 0.005), usual activities (p = 0.009) and pain (P = 0.001), and a worst health status compared with the past 12 months (P < 0.001) and with the best imaginable status (P < 0.001).ConclusionsOur study showed no association between disease duration and disease perception. Patients with less disease knowledge reported more problems in self‐care and higher fatigue scores. Patients with the worst disease expectations were more anxious and reported a worse health status. More attention should be paid to perceived health status in MS patients.
Generalization of threats attributed to large carnivores in areas of high human–wildlife conflict
Authors: Ashish Kumar , Ramesh Tharmalingam , Kalle Riddhika , Arumugam Rathinasamy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFear‐induced generalization of threats to noninimical stimuli is a behavioral tendency of humans to minimize exposure to potential threats. In human–carnivore conflict zones, people often generalize their fear of predation by obligate carnivores to nonobligate carnivores despite differences in species’ predation rates. We investigated the effect of a perceived threat of large obligate carnivores to livestock on tolerance and perception of striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) in an area of high human–carnivore conflict. We surveyed 197 households through asemistructured questionnaire to determine people's perception and tolerance of striped hyenas in Sathyamangalam and Mudumalai Tiger Reserves after identification of the current distribution range of hyena determined through camera trap and sign surveys. Through the random forest algorithm, we modeled the level of tolerance of striped hyena as a function of loss of livestock to predation and from disease, the perceived threat of predation by hyena, and other socioeconomic attributes. Animal husbandry was a major source of income but was severely affected by livestock loss due to predation and disease. Sixty‐nine percent of people were uncertain about predatory behavior of hyena; out of that, 23% reported a negative conservation attitude. Only 6 instances of hyena depredation on livestock and 2 on dogs were reported. Our model confirmed that economic instability associated with increased loss to predation and disease, livestock dependency, and a decrease in family annual income negatively affected people's tolerance of hyena. Perceptual uncertainty related to predatory behavior of hyena also negatively affected people's tolerance. In our study area, economic instability and perceptual uncertainty led to generalization of fear of large carnivores to a nonobligate predator. Such generalization may affect the attitude of people toward many other species. Understanding the role of economic instability and perceptual uncertainty should facilitate conservation of species, such as the hyena, that are vulnerable to false generalization.
In situ treatment of juvenile frogs for disease can reverse population declines
Authors: Cook Kimberly , Pope Karen , Cummings Adam , Piovia‐Scott Jonah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEffective management of wildlife populations threatened by disease requires accurate predictions about the consequences of intervention. However, generating such predictions is challenging, especially for organisms with complex life histories that are also threatened by climate change, such as montane amphibians. Cascades frogs (Rana cascadae) in northern California have experienced dramatic declines associated with the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), and remnant populations are also threatened by changing climate conditions. We evaluated the population‐level impacts of treating Cascades frog metamorphs with the antifungal chemical itraconazole using a field experiment and population simulations. We explored the influence of larval habitat on these treatment effects by including metamorphs from different larval habitat types. We found that frogs treated with itraconazole were more than four times more likely to survive their first winter than untreated controls and had reduced Bd infection intensity compared to other surviving frogs from the same cohort in the following year. We also found an effect of larval habitat type on Bd infection in recently metamorphosed frogs, with the lowest levels of infection occurring in frogs emerging from larval habitats that tend to be intermediate in temperature and drying rate. Applying the differential apparent overwinter survival of treated and untreated metamorphs to population projections suggests that intermittent antifungal treatment of metamorphs has the potential to restore population viability. Our results indicate that in situ treatment of individual hosts may be a useful component of a comprehensive management strategy to reduce the risk of pathogen‐mediated population declines and extirpations.
Frequency‐ and phase‐dependent effects of auditory entrainment on attentional blink
Authors: Kawashima Tomoya , Shibusawa Shuka , Amano Kaoru 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAttentional blink (AB) is the impaired detection of a second target (T2) after a first target has been identified. In this paper, we investigated the functional roles of alpha and theta oscillations on AB by determining how much preceding rhythmic auditory stimulation affected the performance of AB. Healthy young adults participated in the experiment online. We found that when two targets were embedded in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of distractors at 10 Hz (i.e., alpha frequency), the magnitude of AB increased with auditory stimuli. The increase was limited to the case when the frequency and phase of auditory stimuli matched the following RSVP stream. On the contrary, when only two targets were presented without distractors, auditory stimuli at theta, not alpha, increased the AB magnitude. These results indicate that neural oscillations at two different frequencies, namely, alpha and theta, are involved in attentional blink.
Optimising soil P levels reduces N2O emissions in grazing systems under different N fertilisation
Authors: O’Neill Rosie Mary , Gebremichael Amanuel Woldeselassie , Lanigan Gary J. , Renou‐Wilson Florence , Müller Christoph , Richards Karl G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe effect of long‐term soil phosphorus (P) on in situ nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from temperate grassland soil ecosystems is not well understood. Grasslands typically receive large nitrogen (N) inputs both from animal deposition and fertiliser application, with a large proportion of this N being lost to the environment. Understanding optimum nutrient stoichiometry by applying N fertilisers in a relative balance with P will help to reduce N losses by enabling maximum N‐uptake by plants and microbes. This study investigates the N2O response from soils of long‐term high and low P management receiving three forms of applied N at two different rates: a nitrate‐based fertiliser (KNO3) and an ammonium‐based fertiliser ([NH4]2SO4) (both at 40 Kg N ha−1), and a synthetic urine (750 Kg N ha−1). Low soil P significantly increased N2O emissions from KNO3 and (NH4)2SO4 fertilisers by over 50% and numerically increased N2O from urine by over 20%, which is suggested to be representative of the lack of significant effect of N fertilisation on N‐uptake observed in the low P soils. There was a significant positive effect of soil P on grass N‐uptake observed in the synthetic urine and KNO3 treatments, but not in the (NH4)2SO4 treatment. Low P soils had a significantly lower pH than high P soilss and responded differently to applied synthetic urine. There was also a significant effect of P level on potential nitrification which was nearly three times that of low P, but no significant difference between potential denitrification and P level. The results from this study highlight the importance of synergy between relative nutrient applications as a deficiency of one nutrient, such as P in this case, could be detrimental to the system as a whole. Optimising soil P can result in greater N uptake (over 12, 23 and 66% in (NH4)2SO4, KNO3 and synthetic urine treatments, respectively) and in reduced emissions by up to 50% representing a win‐win scenario for farmers.Highlights
P deficiency in grassland soils causes greater N2O emissions.
Insufficent soil P inhibits N‐uptake, regardless of rate or form of N.
Optimising soil P levels can reduce N2O emissions and improve overall NUE.
Distinct activities of Vδ1+ T‐cells upon different cytomegalovirus reactivation status after haematopoietic transplantation
Authors: Liu Ruoyang , Wu Ning , Gao Haitao , Liang Shuang , Yue Keli , Dong Tianhui , Dong Xinyu , Xu Lan‐Ping , Wang Yu , Zhang Xiao‐Hui , Liu Jiangying , Huang Xiao‐Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is the most frequent viral infectious complication correlating to non‐relapse mortality after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). The intrinsic anti‐CMV immunity has not been completely elucidated. γδ T‐cells have drawn increasing attentions due to their distinct biological features and potential ability against viral infections. Previous studies reported a general association of γδ T‐cells or Vδ2‐negative γδ T‐cells with CMV reactivation. Whereas researches for the direct responses and specific functions of γδ T subsets remain limited, especially in the scenario of alloHCT. Herein, we initially demonstrated that Vδ1+ T‐cells directly and independently recognized cell‐free CMV and CMV‐infected target cells, and inhibited CMV replication in vitro. The anti‐CMV effect of Vδ1+ T‐cells was partially through TCRγδ, TLR2 and NKG2D receptor pathways. Further investigation about the anti‐CMV characteristics of Vδ1+ T‐cells was performed in a clinical cohort with different CMV reactivation status after alloHCT. We found that occasional CMV reactivation remarkably increased the recovery levels and stimulated the functional activity of Vδ1+ T‐cells. Whereas disability of Vδ1+ T‐cells was observed upon refractory CMV reactivation indicating the differential responses of Vδ1+ T‐cells under different CMV reactivation status. CXCL10 and IFN‐β that were dramatically induced by occasional CMV reactivation could re‐activate the deficient Vδ1+ T‐cells from recipients with refractory CMV reactivation. These findings unveiled the distinct activities of Vδ1+ T‐cells in anti‐CMV immunity after alloHCT and may help develop novel strategies for the treatment of CMV infectious diseases.
A Clinical Support App for routine wound management: reducing practice variation, improving clinician confidence and increasing formulary compliance
Authors: Moore Zena E H , Aynge Georgina E , Carr Caryn G , Horton Aundrea J , Jones Hayley A , Murphy Nina S , Payne Matthew R , McCarthy Catherine H , Murdoch Julie M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWounds continue to be of a global concern. Therefore, a more focussed, evidence‐based approach to wound assessment and management is required. The WOUND COMPASS™ Clinical Support App (CSA) is designed to support the health care professional with wound assessment and management at the point of care. This real‐world pilot study aimed to determine the utility of the CSA during routine wound management, in multiple care settings. A non‐interventional, real‐world pilot programme of the CSA was conducted at four sites. Patients received routine wound management. The CSA was programmed to replicate the site's formulary for evidence‐based wound management. Anonymised pre‐ and post‐pilot clinician opinion surveys on useability and impact of the CSA were collected and reported. Wound Specialists (n = 7 [100%]) and Non‐Wound Specialists (NWS) (n = 58 [82%]) indicated that competence and confidence in wound assessment were enhanced with use of the CSA (100%; 82%). Furthermore, practice variation was reduced because of a greater compliance to their local formulary (n = 7 [100%]; 79% [54%]). This real‐world pilot shows the positive impact of the CSA, and the improvements that can be potentially realised via reduction in practice variation, improvement in NWSs confidence when managing wounds and increased formulary compliance.
Factors associated with concurrent malignancy risk among patients with incidental solitary pulmonary nodule: A systematic review taskforce for developing rapid recommendations
Authors: Zhu Yuqi , Yang Lan , Li Qianrui , Chen Bojiang , Hao Qiukui , Sun Xin , Tan Jing , Li Weimin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association between prespecified factors and the malignancy risk of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) to support the development of rapid recommendations for daily use in the Chinese setting.MethodsThe expert panel for the rapid recommendations voted for 12 candidate factors based on published guidelines, selected publications, and clinical experiences. We then searched Medline, Embase, and Web of Science up to October 17, 2021, for studies investigating the association between these factors and the diagnosis of malignant SPNs in patients with CT‐identified SPNs through multivariable regression analysis. The risk of bias was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Checklist. We pooled adjusted odds ratios (aOR) between candidate factors and the diagnosis of the malignant SPNs.ResultsA total of 32 cross‐sectional studies were included. Nine factors were statistically associated with malignant SPNs: age (aOR 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.07), smoking history (2.83, 1.84–4.36), history of extrathoracic malignancy (5.66, 2.80–11.46), history of malignancy (4.64, 3.37–6.39), family history of malignancy (3.11, 1.66–5.83), nodule diameter (1.23, 1.17–1.31), spiculation (3.41, 2.64–4.41), lobulation (3.85, 2.47–6.01), and mixed ground‐glass opacity (mGGO) density of the nodule (5.56, 2.47–12.52). No statistical association was found between family history of lung cancer, emphysema, nodule border, and malignant SPNs.ConclusionNine prespecified factors were associated with the concurrent malignancy risk among patients with SPNs. Risk stratification for SPNs is warranted in clinical practice.
Optimal Taxes under Private Information: The Role of Inflation
Authors: GOMIS‐PORQUERAS PEDRO , WALLER CHRISTOPHER 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOnce explicit information available to the taxing authority and incentives associated with private information problems are explicitly taken into account, only a limited set of policy instruments are consistent with agents not engaging in side trades. Within this spirit, we study the role of taxes and inflation in minimizing the dead‐weight loss associated with the provision of good incentives and other market imperfections when fiat money is essential. When the government has a rich information set and can observe savings, effort, and consumption in frictionless markets, the constrained efficient allocation can be achieved with affine history‐dependent consumption taxes. Thus, monetary policy is redundant. In contrast, when the government observes sales, rather than actual consumption, a tax arbitrage exists. Uniform affine consumption taxes prevent side trades. We also find that a deviation from the Friedman rule is optimal as it helps induce truth‐telling and alleviate a pecuniary externality. However, optimal monetary and fiscal policies in this setting cannot implement the constrained efficient allocation.
Developing and validating SARS‐CoV‐2 assays for nonhuman primate surveillance
Authors: Yee JoAnn , Carpenter Amanda , Nham Peter , Halley Bryson , Van Rompay Koen K. A. , Roberts Jeffrey 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn early 2020, the California National Primate Research Center implemented surveillance to address the threat of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in its nonhuman primate colony.Materials/MethodsTo detect antiviral antibodies, multi‐antigen assays were developed and validated on enzyme immunoassay and multiplex microbead immunofluorescent assay (MMIA) platforms. To detect viral RNA, RT‐PCR was also performed.Results/ConclusionUsing a 4plex, antibody was identified in 16/16 experimentally infected animals; and specificity for spike, nucleocapsid, receptor binding domain, and whole virus antigens was 95.2%, 93.8%, 94.3%, and 97.1%, respectively on surveillance samples. Six laboratories compared this MMIA favorably with nine additional laboratory‐developed or commercially available assays. Using a screen and confirm algorithm, 141 of the last 2441 surveillance samples were screen‐reactive requiring confirmatory testing. Although 35 samples were reactive to either nucleocapsid or spike; none were reactive to both. Over 20 000 animals have been tested and no spontaneous infections have so far been confirmed across the NIH sponsored National Primate Research Centers.