bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Method for Genital Aesthetic Surgery: An Easy-to-Learn 2-Step Approach With Acellular Dermal Matrix
Authors: Li Yunzhu , Xia Zenan , Bai Ming , Wei Lan , Xiao Yiding , Zhang Dingyue , Chen Jie , Zhang Hailin , Long Xiao , Wang Xiaojun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Vaginal laxity, usually accompanied with prolapse symptoms, affects women’s sexual satisfaction and quality of life. Vaginal tightening surgery aims to reinforce perivaginal muscle strength and restore normal vaginal anatomy.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to introduce a new surgical approach to vaginal tightening that uses acellular dermal matrix.

Methods
In this retrospective study, data from 80 patients with vaginal laxity who underwent surgery between April 2017 and April 2021 were analyzed. Three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound was performed and the Female Sexual Function Index was evaluated.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 44.6 years. The mean patient follow-up was 13.2 months. No infection, rectovaginal fistula, or implant explantation occurred. Transvaginal ultrasound examination demonstrated a significant reduction of introital diameter on a maximum Valsalva maneuver (2.3 cm vs 4.1 cm; P &lt; 0.05) and the reconstruction of acute vaginal angulation. The Female Sexual Function Index orgasm subscore increased significantly.

Conclusions
Vaginal tightening with acellular dermal matrix is a minimally invasive surgery that offers a safe and effective treatment for patients with vaginal laxity.

Level of Evidence: 4
A potential deimatic display revealed in a lizard
Authors: Whiting Martin J , Noble Daniel W A , Qi Yin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConspicuously coloured signals may evolve via sexual selection to be ornaments or armaments, thereby conferring a fitness advantage to their bearer. Conversely, conspicuous colours may also evolve under natural selection as either aposematic signals or deimatic displays that deter attacks from predators. While conspicuous colour patches may evolve for one purpose (e.g. quality indicators), they may later be co-opted for another (e.g. anti-predator defence). Phrynocephalus mystaceus is a cryptic agamid lizard with flaps in both sexes that when folded against the head are inconspicuous, but when deployed are predicted to be highly conspicuous and to increase the appearance of body size. We tested whether head flaps play a role in social signalling via courtship or as status signals during contests in both sexes. We also tested whether the head flaps have an anti-predator function by simulating predatory encounters. Head flaps were never deployed in courtship or during contests and, therefore, are unlikely to be under sexual selection. However, head flaps and their deployment during simulated predatory encounters were consistent with the predictions associated with deimatic display theory. First, head flaps were similar in form and function between sexes. Second, they were highly conspicuous to both avian and snake predators. Third, there was a rapid transition from crypsis to conspicuousness when they deployed their head flaps during a late stage of predation, the subjugation phase, consistent with an ambush. Confirmation of the deimatic display hypothesis will require future testing of receiver responses.
Treatment of in-transit Merkel cell carcinoma by isolated limb infusion with cytotoxic drugs
Authors: Hindmarch Jake J , Coker David J , Waugh Richard , Kam Peter C A , Thompson John F , Saw Robyn P M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin is a rare but aggressive malignancy, which predominantly affects older adults with fair skin. Isolated limb infusion (ILI) using melphalan and actinomycin D was first developed as a minimally invasive treatment option to treat unresectable metastatic melanoma confined to the limb. We report on a 62-year-old male with in-transit metastases (ITMs) treated with ILI to highlight the ongoing role this treatment has when all other therapies have been exhausted. At presentation, the patient had widespread ITMs in the right leg. Positron emission tomography scan demonstrated recurrent disease in the thigh and pelvis, and it was decided to treat the patient with ILI. The patient progressed well in the immediate post-operative period. The patient was able to mobilize from Day 6 post-ILI and was discharged on Day 10. There was an immediate clinical response seen in the lesions, with necrosis developing in the larger lesions.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccines: A Historical Viral Vaccine Perspective
Authors: Sayers David R 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines are a remarkable scientific achievement. The perspective on past viral vaccine performance and viral characteristics, such as incubation period, can help with messaging and instilling vaccine confidence. Protection against mild infection occurs in the short term (months), but the persistence of protection against severe disease will likely endure longer.
Goldilocks Work Conditions for All Ages: Age-Conditional Effects of Work Design Profiles on Well-Being
Authors: El Khawli Elissa , Keller Anita C , Scheibe Susanne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWork design plays an important role in workers’ job-related well-being, but not every employee responds to work design in the same way. Given trends toward longer working lives and higher age diversity in the workforce, worker age is an important factor to consider. However, knowledge about the interplay between worker age and work design is limited, especially when considering the multitude of job characteristics that people experience at the same time. Integrating the work design and lifespan/career development literatures and adopting a person-centered approach, we investigated how worker age affects membership in work design profiles and the relationship between work design profiles and occupational well-being. Using two independent samples (N = 989; 980), we conducted latent profile analysis to group workers into work design profiles based on 6 age-relevant job characteristics (autonomy, information-processing, workload, social support, emotional demands, and social conflicts). We identified 3 profiles and linked them to well-being: motivating (most favorable), moderately stimulating, and socially taxing (least favorable). Older workers were more likely to be in, and responded better to motivating work design profiles, and less likely to be in, and responded worse to socially taxing profiles. Meanwhile, younger workers seemed more tolerant of socially taxing work design profiles than older workers. Most age-contingent effects were robust after adding organizational tenure as a covariate. Findings qualify lifespan development theories and shed light on workers’ nuanced responses to work design profiles.
Does Total Hip Arthroplasty Affect Spinopelvic and Spinal Alignment?
Authors: Haffer Henryk , Wang Zhen , Hu Zhouyang , Palmowski Yannick , Hardt Sebastian , Schmidt Hendrik , Perka Carsten , Pumberger Matthias 
Published: March 2022

Study Design:
A prospective observational study, level of evidence 3.

Objectives:
The study with patients undergoing unilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA) aimed to evaluate the following hypotheses: (1) the spinal sagittal and coronal alignment alters due to THA, (2) the spinopelvic parameter changes after THA, (3) the spinopelvic alignment differs between sagittal balanced and imbalanced patients.

Summary of Background Data:
Surgical correction of spinal sagittal misalignment affects the spinopelvic alignment and pelvic tilt. It is not yet known to what extent THA affects spinopelvic, spinal sagittal, and coronal alignment.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 153 patients undergoing THA were assessed with biplanar stereoradiography in standing position preoperatively and postoperatively. Two independent investigators examined C7-sagittal vertical axis (C7-SVA), pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis (PI-LL) mismatch, lumbar lordosis (LL), C7-central sacral vertical line, pelvic oblique angle lumbosacral, intra-pelvic oblique angle, pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), anterior plane pelvic tilt (APPT), and pelvic femoral angle (PFA). An analysis of the sagittal misaligned subgroups of C7-SVA and PI-LL on the influence of the spinopelvic alignment was performed.

Results:
A significant difference in spinopelvic parameters was detected in the preoperative to postoperative comparison (SS, PT, APPT, and PFA; P<0.000) (d=−0.394; d=0.609; d=−0.481; d=0.431). The coronal alignment and pelvic obliquity revealed no significant differences. The misaligned groups (C7-SVA; PI-LL) demonstrated significant increases in PI and PT and decreased in LL compared with the groups with normal sagittal alignment. Preoperatively, 66/153 (C7-SVA) and 46/153 (PI-LL) of the THA patients presented sagittal misalignment, respectively.

Conclusions:
The results suggest an effect of THA on sagittal spinal and spinopelvic alignment, with a significant reduction of PT postoperatively and no effect on coronal alignment. Particularly striking are the significant differences in the misaligned groups, which may be classified as risk population and potentially can contribute biomechanically to a higher risk of posterior impingement and anterior THA dislocation. The substantial proportion of sagittal misaligned patients in the THA collective illustrates the crucial need for interdisciplinary collaboration.
Decision-Making in Childhood Predicts Prodromal Eating Pathology in Adolescence
Authors: Harrison Amy , Francesconi Marta , Flouri Eirini 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Differences in decision-making under conditions of risk have been observed cross-sectionally in clinical groups of people with eating disorders but have never been studied longitudinally or in large cohorts. We investigated whether responses on the Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT), measured in the Millennium Cohort Study in childhood, would predict prodromal eating pathology in adolescence.

Method:
Regression models were built to explore relationships between CGT variables at age 11 years and prodromal eating pathology (body dissatisfaction, intention to lose weight, dietary restriction, significant under/overweight, and excessive exercise) at 14 years.

Results:
In 11,303 boys and girls, those with better quality decision-making were 34% less likely to show an intention to lose weight (b = −0.40, odds ratio [OR] = 0.66, p < 0.05) and 34% less likely to be overweight (b = −0.41, relative risk ratio [RRR] = 0.66, p < 0.05). Those with higher risk-taking were 58% more likely to report dietary restriction (b = 0.45, OR = 1.58, p < 0.05) and 46% more likely to report excessive exercise (b = 0.38, OR = 1.46, p < 0.05). In the complete-cases sample, higher risk-adjustment scores were associated with a 47% increased risk of underweight (b = 0.39, RRR = 1.47, p < 0.05), and better quality of decision-making was associated with a 46% lower risk of overweight (b = −0.60, RRR = 0.54, p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Disadvantageous decision-making in childhood may predict prodromal eating pathology in adolescence and might represent a prevention target.
The burden of road traffic accidents in trauma in low-resource settings: a retrospective cohort analysis of patient admissions to 2 Médecins Sans Frontières trauma facilities
Authors: de Costa Josephine , Briskin Emily , Trelles Miguel , Dominguez Lynette , Nyaruhirira Innocent , Shinwari Esmatullah , Niyonzima Ferdinand , Adel Akbar , Haberisoni Jean-Berchmans , Ali Engy 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) is known for its work providing surgical care for victims of violent trauma (VT) in conflict zones. However, the trauma centers also deal with road traffic accidents (RTAs) which may require different staffing, facilities and supplies as compared with those required for VT. This study aimed to compare differences in types of injuries, clinical outcomes, and resources needed to properly operate trauma centers in low and middle-income countries.

Material and methods:
This was a retrospective analysis of routine program data of >70,000 patient presentations in the emergency, in-patient, and operating departments of 2 of MSF’s major trauma centers, in Kunduz (Afghanistan) and Bujumbura (Burundi), using data from 2011 to 2018.

Results:
RTAs comprised a significant proportion of overall presentations to these centers (23% in Kunduz and 56% in Bujumbura). RTA patients presented with different patterns of injury, with higher rates of fractures, extremity injuries, and traumatic brain injury. RTA patients were 2.3 times more likely to have a peripheral injury (extremities and head) as VT patients, and 12.5 times more likely to undergo an orthopedic procedure. VT patients had higher rates of abdominal injury. However, there was no statistically significant difference in overall mortality and length of stay between the 2 groups.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates that trauma centers, even in zones of conflict, need to be prepared and resourced to manage RTA cases. Policy-makers in such centers should be aware of the different injury patterns associated with this patient group and have appropriate, sustainable capacity to manage RTA trauma, particularly in terms of management of orthopedic injuries.
The Arched Rainbow Brow in Thyroid Eye Disease
Authors: Tran Ann Q. , Yang Cameron , Tooley Andrea A. , Mahan Marielle , Jamerson Emery C. , Kazim Michael , Dagi Glass Lora R. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
To morphologically describe and mathematically quantify a novel clinical feature of thyroid eye disease (TED).

Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted of TED patients and age-sex-matched normal controls. The arched Rainbow Brow appearance in TED patients was determined by unanimous agreement of 3 oculoplastic surgeons. Eyebrow curvature was assessed by plotting 15 points along the eyebrow in ImageJ. The fourth-degree polynomial (y = ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e) was fitted to each eyebrow.

Results:
Two hundred seventy-one eyes were analyzed (200 TED and 71 age-sex-matched normal controls). A Rainbow Brow was identified in 42% of TED patients. A unilateral Rainbow Brow was seen in 15% of patients. The fourth-degree polynomial coefficients yielded significant differences between Rainbow Brow patients and age-sex-matched normal controls for the coefficients a, b, c, and d. Similar analysis of TED patients with and without a Rainbow Brow showed differences in coefficients a and b. Age >50 years (p = 0.009) and the presence of brow fat expansion (p < 0.001) were associated with the presence of a Rainbow Brow. Proptosis >24 mm showed a trend toward association with the presence of a Rainbow Brow (p = 0.057). When considering the contribution of these features in a multivariable analysis, only brow fat expansion was a significant contributing factor (p = 0.009).

Conclusions:
The Rainbow Brow is a distinct entity in TED and is likely consequent to brow fat pad expansion. Patients with a Rainbow Brow have different eyebrow curvature as compared to both normal age-sex-matched controls and TED patients without a Rainbow Brow.
Facial Asymmetry in Children With Unilateral Congenital Ptosis
Authors: Tenzel Phillip A. , Brown Karen , Zhou Brenda , Itani Kamel M. , Mancini Ronald 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
To analyze facial asymmetry in children with unilateral congenital ptosis.

Methods:
This is a retrospective review of pediatric patients undergoing ptosis repair between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2020. Charts were reviewed to ensure a diagnosis of idiopathic unilateral congenital ptosis. Sex, age, laterality, margin to reflex distance 1, levator function, and surgical intervention were collected.
Clear preoperative photos without head turn were included. Using the ImageJ software (nih.gov), landmarks of the periorbital region, midface, and lower face were marked, and measurements between these landmarks were taken.
Two-tailed Student t tests were used to compare measurements between the ptotic and non-ptotic sides. Relationships between different measurements on the same side of the face were analyzed using paired-variable regressions.

Results:
Forty-four patients with unilateral congenital ptosis were included. The surgical management consisted of Mullerectomy in 9 of 44 (20%), levator resection in 15 of 44 (34%), and frontalis suspension in 20 of 44 (46%) patients. The side of the face with blepharoptosis was found to more often have smaller margin to reflex distance 1 (p < 0.001), smaller margin to reflex distance 2 (p < 0.005), smaller horizontal palpebral fissure (p < 0.05), shorter midface height (p < 0.001), and a more inferiorly displaced lateral canthus (canthal angle, p < 0.001) relative to the non-ptotic side of the face. The mean head tilt of patients with right sided ptosis (1.37° right tilt) was statistically significantly different from those with left sided ptosis (0.85° left tilt; p = 0.04).

Conclusions:
In children with unilateral congenital ptosis, the ptotic side of the face was found to be the nondominant side of the face. Patients were also found to have ipsilateral head tilt.
Investigation of clinical predictors of survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients: A cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Tseng Ching-Min , Chen Mei-Yin , Kao Chen-Yu , Tao Chi-Wei 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Two antifibrotic medications, pirfenidone and nintedanib, have been approved as treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)—a life-threatening interstitial lung disease. However, there are insufficient current data regarding clinical predictors of survival for patients with IPF in the era of antifibrotics.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients with IPF treated between April 2017 and May 2020. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify independent predictors of mortality among these patients with IPF.

Results:
A total of 40 patients with IPF (average age, 75.58 ± 8.34 years) were included in the study, 27 (67.5%) of whom were treated with antifibrotic drugs. In the entire cohort, 14 (35%) patients died, and the overall survival of the study population was 48.52 ± 5 months (median, not applicable [NA] [29-NA] months). The univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models indicated that chest tightness, finger clubbing, acute exacerbation after medication, decreased percentage forced vital capacity (%FVC), and decreased percentage 1-second forced expiratory volume were clinical factors linked to all-cause mortality among all patients, although without statistical significance at the multivariate level. Meanwhile, only finger clubbing was a significant mortality predictor among patients who received antifibrotic medications. A mortality scoring system was built upon the aforementioned risk factors, with the exclusion of %FVC, whose individual mortality score was nearly zero.

Conclusion:
Chest tightness, finger clubbing, acute exacerbation after medication, and decreased %FVC were clinical factors associated with mortality in patients with IPF, although without statistical significance. A scoring system including these factors can be used to predict all-cause mortality in patients with IPF. The mere intake of antifibrotic medications was not a significant mortality predictor in this study. This might be owed to the retrospective nature of the study, where many patients started the medications after the deterioration of their pulmonary function rather than from the start.
Prevalence of opioid prescriptions in Taiwan (2008–2018)
Authors: Wang Jhi-Joung , Chu Yu-Roo , Teng Shu-Fang , Chu Chin-Chen , Ho Chung-Han , Chu Li-Ling 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Opioids are effective for severe pain; however, the safety issue is also a primary concern. To better understand the opioid use in Taiwan, we conducted this study.

Methods:
Data on patients with opioid prescriptions, including morphine, fentanyl, pethidine, codeine, oxycodone, hydromorphone, and buprenorphine were collected using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database (NHID).

Results:
Our analysis of opioid prescriptions from 2008 to 2018 in Taiwan indicated that (1) A slow increase in prevalence of opioid prescription was found during the study period. Among the drugs studied, morphine accounted for the majority of the prescriptions written, with a gradual increase annually. Pethidine prescriptions showed a significant and rapid decline over the years; (2) medical centers prescribed the largest number of opioids, followed by regional hospitals, local hospitals, and clinics; (3) the number of prescriptions per year per capita in cancer group was much higher than that in noncancer group. In noncancer group, most of the prescriptions were used in acute pain service (98.7%); and (4) use of opioids increased with age in both cancer and noncancer patients.

Conclusion:
The total number of opioid prescriptions in Taiwan gradually increased annually, among which morphine was the most commonly used opioid. Cancer patients consumed more opioid prescriptions than noncancer patients and most of the prescriptions in noncancer patients were used in acute pain service. The number of prescriptions increased with the age of the patients in both cancer and noncancer patients. The low prescription rate of opioids in chronic pain in Taiwan is not similar as those in high opioid–consuming countries, such as United States.
The Gastrointestinal Microbiome in Infant Colic
Authors: Johnson Jessica M. , Adams Ellise D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The significant crying of infantile colic adds stress to the infant and their family, yet it has no recognized etiology. Gastrointestinal health problems and dysfunction have been suspected in the etiology of colic. Disruptions to the microbiome colonization of the gastrointestinal system may lead to excess gas and inflammation that are associated with the crying of colic. Infants with colic have increased colonization with gas-producing bacteria, like Escherichia coli and Klebsiella, and they have lower colonization of anti-inflammatory bacteria, like Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Colic is known to self-resolve around 3 months of age. However, few researchers have investigated how the microbiome may be changing at colic's natural resolution without the intervention of a probiotic. With a better understanding of what leads to colic's self-resolution, future researchers may be able to identify more effective therapies for colic prevention or treatment. This scoping review presents the collective evidence from 21 original, primary research articles on what is known about the gastrointestinal microbiome at colic onset and resolution.