bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of treatment adherence in patients with mental illness
Authors: Jemli H. , Jomli R. , Ghabi H. , Ouali U. , Ben Amor M. , Zgueb Y. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionTreatment adherence, is defined as “the extent to which a person’s behavior — taking medication, following a diet, and/or executing lifestyle changes — corresponds with the agreed recommendations from a healthcare provider.” The course of patients with mental health is habitually chronic and based on an indefinite continuation of treatment to sustain remission and prevent relapses. Treatment adherence issues are the main obstacles in the management of these patientsObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to evaluate treatment adherence in patients with mental health and the demogrphic and clinical factors associated with it.MethodsIt was a cross-sectional study conduced at the department of Psychiatry A at Razi Hospital.The validated arabic version of Morisky-Green test was used to assess medication adherence. The patients were considered as adherent if they answered ‘No ’ to all questionsResults60 patients were included, with a sex ratio M / F of 0.47. Patients were treated for bipolar disorder type1 in 45% of cases, schizophrenia in 28.3% of cases, schizoaffective disorder in 10% of cases and depressive disorder in 6.7% of cases. 50% of included patients had Moderate level of adherence, 35% were considered as non- adherent and only 13.3% had high adherence. The reported reasons for treatment discontinuation were insight (50%), financial problems (26.9%), side effects (15.4%) and unavailability of drugs (7.7%). The Morisky-Green test score were not correlated neither to the nature of the psychiatric disorder nor to multiple medication.ConclusionsWe found a high proportion of nonadherence in patients with mental illness.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Resilience and perceived social support among family Caregivers of patients with mental illness : what links ?
Authors: Safa K. , Charfi N. , Marwa M. , Smaoui N. , Gassara I. , Feki R. , Omri S. , Maalej M. , Zouari L. , Ben Thabet J. , Maalej M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionBurden among family caregivers of patients with mental illness can be mediated by resilience and perceived social support.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to explore the relationship between perceived social support and resilience levels among caregivers of patients with mental illness and to identify its associated factors.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted on caregivers of patients followed in the outpatient psychiatry department at the university hospital of Sfax (Tunisia), during septembre 2021. Resilience was assessed with the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale and the social support with the social provisions scale. High scores indicate high resilience and support.ResultsWe have involved 34 family caregivers with an average age of 47.47 years(SD=12.4 years). The mean resilience score of caregivers was 42.85 and the mean social support score was 28.09(SD=5.54). The score of resilience correlated positively with the score of social support among family caregivers of patients (r= 0.76 ; p=0.0001). Furthermore, resilience and social support were significantly lower among caregivers with a history of chronic illness (p=0.0001 and 0.002 respectively). Regarding clinical factors, the scores of social support and resilience decreased significantly with the duration of providing care to patients (r=-0.60; p=0.0001 and r=-0.75; p=0.0001 respectively). Similarly, they decreased significantly with the number of hospitalizations of patients (r=-0.53; p=0.001 and r=-0.62; p=0.0001 respectively).ConclusionsThe findings suggests that high social support promotes better resilience among family caregivers of patients with mental illness. So, a better adjustement to the role of caregiver can be effectively achieved by improving the perceived social support.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Occupational stress and musculoskeletal symptoms in a Tunisian footwear industry
Authors: Rmadi N. , Kammoun N. , Masmoudi R. , Kotti N. , Masmoudi J. , Hammami K. , Masmoudi M.L. , Hajjaji M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionA growing body of literature has documented that occupational stress is associated with increased risks of musculoskeletal injuries or symptoms.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the effect of occupational stress on the occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms among workers in a Tunisian footwear industry.MethodsMaterial and methods: This was an exhaustive and cross-sectional study including workers in a footwear industry. Musculoskeletal symptoms were assessed using a modified Nordic questionnaire. We used the Job Demand/Control model of Karasek to measure occupational stress. The Quick Exposure Check (QEC) method was used as an ergonomic risk assessment tool. Data were analysed using R software.ResultsA total of 337 workers participated in the survey (the age range: 18-60 years). A total of 83.7 of workers reported musculoskeletal symptoms at one site or more. Elbows and upper back were the most symptomatic sites in respectively 84% and 65%. We noted job-strain and iso-strain situations in respectively 57% and 32%. In 78.1% of the workers studied, the QEC score was high and very high in 21.9%. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression model showed that iso-strain situation was associated with the number of symptomatic sites (p= 0.0003, OR=1.34), having musculoskeletal symptoms in elbows (p= 0.03, OR=2.33) and upper back (p=0.009, OR=2.40), and the final QEC score (p= 0.018, OR= 1.04).ConclusionsOccupational stress constitutes a significant risk for this leather industry. It is associated with a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in the workplace and with work-related biomechanical exposure.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Characterising the nature of the beast: Challenges associated with understanding patient safety within community-based mental health services
Authors: Averill P. , Vincent C. , Reen G. , Henderson C. , Sevdalis N. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPatient safety problems stemming from healthcare represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The evidence base on safety in mental healthcare, particularly regarding community-based mental health services, has long fallen behind that of physical healthcare, with fewer research publications, developed primarily in isolation from the wider improvement science discipline. This disconnect both yields, and stems from, conceptual and practical challenges which must be surmounted in order to advance the science and improvement of safety in mental healthcare.ObjectivesThe objectives of this research were to conduct a narrative review to provide an overview of conceptual issues in this area, their origins, and implications for patient safety science and clinical care. We also sought to identify approaches to overcoming these issues.MethodsWe examined theoretical and empirical evidence from the fields of patient safety, mental health, and improvement science to address this knowledge gap.ResultsWe identified challenges with defining safety in the context of community mental healthcare, ascertaining what constitutes a ‘preventable’ safety problem requiring intervention, and in finding relevant research evidence. The research indicated that risk management has taken precedence over proactive safety promotion in mental healthcare. This positions service users as the origin of safety risks, with iatrogenic harm and latent system hazards associated with mental healthcare widely overlooked.ConclusionsWe propose a broader conceptualisation of safety to advance the field and outline potential next steps for the integration and uptake of different sources of ‘safety intelligence’ within community mental health services.DisclosureNS is the director of London Safety and Training Solutions Ltd, which offers training in patient safety, implementation solutions and human factors to healthcare organisations and the pharmaceutical industry. The other authors have no competing interests.
Recognition and Assessment of Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia
Authors: Mucci A. , Giordano G.M. , Galderisi S. 
Published: September 2022

A renewal of interest in the cognitive assessment of people with schizophrenia was related to the increasing acknowledgement of the strong relationships of cognitive deficits with functional outcome. In the early 2000’s, research focused on those aspects of cognition that demonstrated a strong correlation with a variety of functional outcome measures (community functioning, functional capacity, social skills acquisition). Later on, social cognition, which was not included in neuropsychological batteries, became also a focus as it represents a mediator of the impact of neurocognition on functioning. The renewed interest and the association with functional outcome stimulated the development of batteries specifically devoted to the cognitive assessment of subjects with schizophrenia. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) is the instruments with the largest evidence of good psychometric properties and strong relationship with functional outcome. The MCCB has been proposed as the gold standard in assessing cognitive impairment in subjects with schizophrenia and has been translated into 24 languages and validated in many different countries. Different instruments are also available to assess emotional processing and theory of mind which should complement MCCB and similar batteries. The long administration time limits the use of batteries in everyday clinical routine and short-administered instruments were developed as screening tools. A brief, interview-based assessment of cognitive functioning, the Cognitive Assessment Interview, has also been developed and validated for use in clinical settings or as a co-primary measure in clinical trials. The development of a guidance paper might promote the routine assessment of cognition in subjects with schizophrenia.DisclosureHonoraria, advisory board, or consulting fees from Angelini, Astra Zeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gedeon Richter
Bulgaria, Innova-Pharma, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Pfizer, and Pierre Fabre, for services not related to this abstract
Development of human brain neuroimmune system under influence of alcohol
Authors: Shushpanova T. , Solonskii A. , Shumilova S. , Shushpanova O. , Bokhan N. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionExposure to alcohol causes imbalances in neuroimmune function and impaired brain development.ObjectivesAlcohol activates neuroimmune molecules, expressed and secreted by glial cells in the brain, alter neuronal function and stimulate alcoholic behavior.MethodsThe study involved women aged 25-41 years-did not drink alcohol 1 month before and during pregnancy – 1-st group; women with I-II degree of alcoholism 3-13 years – 2-nd group. Embryonic material were obtained 8-15 weeks of igestation. 2-nd group were divided into subgroups. Group Alcohol (A)-alcoholic women,s embrious, included 2 subgroups: A1-embryos 8-9 weeks, A2-10-11 weeks of gestation (n=12). The Control group (K) includ control samples K1-8–9, K2-10-11 weeks (n=14). The analysis of changes in morphometric parameters was used to identify quantitative changes among glioblasts, correlation between the degree of differentiation components and the degree of influence of alcohol. For this, the program AxioVision 4.8 was used Parameters of GABAA/benzodiazepine receptors were studied by the radio-receptor assay of [3H]-flunitrazepam with synaptoneurosomes.ResultsChanges in glioblasts tof human brain embryos and fetuses were revealed under conditions of chronic prenatal alcoholization with an increase in gestational age compared to the control subgroups: a significant increase in the average number of glioblasts, the length of the perimeters of the presynaptic terminal, postsynaptic density, presynaptic terminal areas were significantly less (p<0, 01) in the study group than in the control. Exposure to ethanol reduces the affinity of GABAA/benzodiazepine receptors, which affects neuronal plasticity associated with the development of glioblasts and neuroblasts during embryogenesis.ConclusionsChanges in microglial cause disruption of the neuronal activityDisclosureNo significant relationships.
Exploring the selective gray matter profile of autism spectrum disorder through Bayes Factor Modeling
Authors: Liloia D. , Cauda F. , Uddin L. , Manuello J. , Mancuso L. , Keller R. , Costa T. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDespite decades of brain MRI research demonstrating atypical neuroanatomical substrate in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it remains unclear whether and to what extent disorder-selective neuroanatomical abnormalities occur in this spectrum. This, and the fact that multiple brain disorders report a common neuroanatomical substrate, makes transference and the application of neuroimaging findings into the clinical setting an open challenge.ObjectivesTo investigate the selective neuroanatomical alteration profile of the ASD brain, we employed a meta-analytic, data-driven, and reverse inference-based approach (i.e.; Bayes fACtor mOdeliNg).MethodsEligible voxel-based morphometry data were extracted by a standardized search on BrainMap and MEDLINE databases (849 published experiments, 131 brain disorders, 22747 clinical subjects, 16572 x-y-z coordinates). Two distinct datasets were generated: the ASD dataset, composed of ASD-related data; and the non-ASD dataset, composed of all other clinical conditions data. Starting from the two unthresholded activation likelihood estimation (ALE) maps, the calculus of the Bayes fACtor mOdeliNg was performed. This allowed us to obtain posterior probability distributions on the evidence of brain alteration specificity in ASD.ResultsWe revealed both cortical and cerebellar areas of neuroanatomical alteration selectivity in ASD. Eight clusters showed a selectivity value ≥ 90%, namely the bilateral precuneus, the right inferior occipital gyrus, left lobule IX, left Crus II, right Crus I, and the right lobule VIIIA (Fig. 1).ConclusionsThe identification of this neuroanatomical pattern provides new insights into the complex pathophysiology of ASD, opening attractive prospects for future neuroimaging-based interventions.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Catatonia in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A case study and literature review
Authors: Suddath A. , Franks A. , Winston H. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction

There are extremely few reported cases of OCD causing catatonia and some of those cases are possibly associated with the somewhat contentious diagnosis of Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcus. As there is a symptom overlap between OCD and catatonia some cases of catatonia are possibly being missed, warranting discussion regarding differential diagnosis, symptomatology, and treatment of catatonia and OCD.ObjectivesWe describe a case of a 18-year-old patient who developed severe catatonia secondary to OCD, possibly related to PANDAS/PANS. We discuss the complex work-up, differential diagnosis, and treatment of this patient.MethodsDiscussion of a single case and a review of catatonia literature as it relates to OCD and autoimmune disorders.ResultsOur patient was an 18-year-old Ukrainian male who presented with sub-acute onset of decreased movement, decreased oral intake, and inability to speak. He was diagnosed with catatonia of an unclear etiology and treated with high-dose lorazepam at an outside hospital then transferred to our care. Presenting symptoms were then clarified and found to be consistent with OCD, upon which OCD treatment was initiated. The patient’s sub-acute and severe onset of OCD raised the question of a PANDAS/PANS diagnosis, which was further investigated. Ultimately, his symptoms improved with ongoing lorazepam and he was transferred to another hospital for ECT treatment.ConclusionsOCD has been observed to cause catatonia in extremely rare cases. Diagnosing catatonia associated with OCD is challenging and important as catatonia is associated with significant morbidity and mortality if left untreated. Our patient improved with concurrent treatment of catatonia and OCD.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The Role of N-Acetylcysteine in Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD) and Related Disorders
Authors: Sá Couto J. , Rodrigues J. , Pão Trigo M. , Da Luz B. , Ventura Gil T. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction

N-acetylcysteine is known for its uses in non-psychiatric conditions, such as paracetamol overdose and as a mucolytic. The rationale for its administration in psychiatric conditions is based on its ability reducing synaptic glutamate release, which was found to be increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of OCD patients.ObjectivesEvaluating N-acetylcysteine efficacy in OCD symptoms. Studying mechanisms underlying its action. Identifying the frequency of side effects.MethodsPubMed database search, with the “N-acetylcysteine obsessive compulsive” keyword expression. The search was restricted to English-only articles, published in the last ten years. Twenty-five results among the best match correspondence were selected. Reference lists of articles were reviewed to identify additional articles.ResultsOliver et al. found that a daily dose of 2.400 to 3.000 milligrams of N-acetylcysteine reduced the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms with minimal side effects; Smith et al. found inconclusive evidence on its efficacy. A clinical trial from Ghazinadeh et al. revealed N-acetylcysteine to be effective as an add-on to citalopram, reducing the score of resistance/control to obsessions after supplementing with N-acetylcysteine. Costa et al. found out it was superior to placebo in anxiety control as a secondary outcome.Conclusions

The potential efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of psychiatric disorders attracted interest. Mixed evidence was found that N-acetylcysteine may have some benefits controlling compulsions, both as an adjunctive as and as monotherapy. Thus, larger and more robust studies are required to further investigate the clinical effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine in this area.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Psychotherapeutic Treatments of Trichotillomania
Authors: Mhaimeed N. , Sinha P. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionTrichotillomania (TTM), also known as hair pulling disorder, is an obsessive- compulsive disorder characterized by the recurrent, overwhelming urge to repeatedly pull out one’s hair. Hair pulling can occur anywhere on the body but is most common on the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes and subsequently results in bald patches. While TTM is a very prevalent, debilitating disorder, there is still no FDA approved treatment that exists.ObjectivesThe main objective of this study is to explore the various forms of available psychotherapy available for the treatment of trichotillomania.MethodsTwo independent reviewers conducted title, abstract, full-text searching and data extraction among the PubMed, PsycINFO, and ResearchGate data bases. Of the 79 articles screened, five were included in this reviewResultsHabit reversal therapy (HRT) is a form of cognitive behavioral therapy that is considered the first line treatment for management of TTM. Other psychotherapeutic techniques include acceptance and commitment therapy, progressive muscle relaxation, and mindfulness therapy.ConclusionsThis study supports the current data which states that HRT is the first line treatment and there is yet to be a pharmacological treatment of choice for TTM. It is also very important to note that TTM is still underdiagnosed and can be mistaken for a dermatological disorder like alopecia aerata. Furthermore, many people with trichilemmoma have underlying mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression that must first be addressed before treating the hair pulling itself.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
An observational study of the correlation of efi severity with depression
Authors: Rasheed R. , Patel A. , Shanthakumaran Y. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPatients with high fraility indices experience poor mental health due to multiple co morbidity and social isolation.ObjectivesThis was a retrospective observational analysis that studied the correlation of Electronic frailty indices and GAD scores with Depression scores in a rural population.MethodsAn annual frailty assessment is offered to elderly patients and we screen routinely for anxiety and depression using the PHQ-9 score and GAD score. This was an observational study examining the correlation of the Electronic Frailty Indices (EFI) depression and anxiety scores.ResultsOf the 118 patients ranging from mild to severe frailty we found a positive correlation of the EFI with the Depression and anxiety scores. Within the data set, the correlation coefficient of EFI scores and PHQ 9 scores was found to be 0.819. Similarly within the same data set we found a correlation coefficient of EFI and GDS scores of 0.651. The higher the EFI the greater was the scale of dependency and comorbidity and this correlation was consistent across the data set with depression and anxiety. We believe physical impairment, loss of independence and social isolation cognitive decline contribute to loss of self-esteem.ConclusionsOur study found a positive correlation between frailty severity based on EFI scores and depression and anxiety severity. Early detection in deterioration of mental health will enable supportive measures and targeted treatment strategies. Our study shows the strong correlation of EFI severity scores with worse mental health.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
A novel Arabic tool of cognitive assessment in patients with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: El Sayed S. , Gomaa S. , Gomaa Z. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionMild cognitive impairment is one of the commonly reported disorders nowadays in old age individuals,it might represent the prodroma of definite dementia.There is a novel Arabic tool now which could help in the evaluation of cognitive functions in these patients.Objectives1-To study the cognitive functions in mild cognitive impairment by a novel Thinc-it tool (Arabic version) 2-To compare between Mini Mental Status Examination ( Standard test) and the novel Thinc-it battery ( Arabic version ) in detection of cognitive dysfunctions in these patients.Methods1-The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a tool that can be used to systematically and thoroughly assess mental status. It is an 11-question measure that tests five areas of cognitive function: orientation, registration, attention and calculation, recall, and language. The maximum score is 30. A score of 23 or lower is indicative of cognitive impairment. The MMSE takes only 5-10 minutes to administer and is therefore practical to use repeatedly and routinely 2-Thinc-it THINC-it® is a screening tool designed to measure cognition and provides important data for an overall evaluation of whether cognitive functioning is impaired,it includes the folloowing tests:
1.PDQ-5D Subjective Questionnaire2.“Spotter” – CRT game3.“Symbol Check” – Nback game4.“CodeBreaker” – DSST game5.Trails – TMT gameResultsThe results of Thinc-it (Arabic version) is statistically correlated to the mean score of Mini Mental state Examination,this means this Arabic version is a valid novel tool for assessment of Cognitive dysfunctions .ConclusionsArabic version of Thinc-it can be used in cognitive evaluationDisclosureNo significant relationships.