bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proton pump inhibitors should not be used to treat persistent throat symptoms
Authors: Saul Helen , Gursul Deniz , Kwint Jemma , O’Hara James 
Published: March 2022

The studyWilson JA, Stocken DD, Watson GC, et al. Lansoprazole for persistent throat symptoms in secondary care: the TOPPITS RCT.Health Technol Assess2021;25:1-118.To read the full NIHR Alert, go to:https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/throat-symptoms-should-not-be-treated-with-ppis/
Treatment patterns and frequency of key outcomes in acute severe asthma in children: a Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT) multicentre cohort study
Authors: Craig Simon , Powell Colin V E , Nixon Gillian M , Oakley Ed , Hort Jason , Armstrong David S , Ranganathan Sarath , Kochar Amit , Wilson Catherine , George Shane , Phillips Natalie , Furyk Jeremy , Lawton Ben , Borland Meredith L , O’Brien Sharon , Neutze Jocelyn , Lithgow Anna , Mitchell Clare , Watkins Nick , Brannigan Domhnall , Wood Joanna , Gray Charmaine , Hearps Stephen , Ramage Emma , Williams Amanda , Lew Jamie , Jones Leonie , Graudins Andis , Dalziel Stuart , Babl Franz E 
Published: March 2022

RationaleSevere acute paediatric asthma may require treatment escalation beyond systemic corticosteroids, inhaled bronchodilators and low-flow oxygen. Current large asthma datasets report parenteral therapy only.ObjectivesTo identify the use and type of escalation of treatment in children presenting to hospital with acute severe asthma.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of children with an emergency department diagnosis of asthma or wheeze at 18 Australian and New Zealand hospitals. The main outcomes were use and type of escalation treatment (defined as any of intensive care unit admission, nebulised magnesium, respiratory support or parenteral bronchodilator treatment) and hospital length of stay (LOS).Measurements and main resultsOf 14 029 children (median age 3 (IQR 1–3) years; 62.9% male), 1020 (7.3%, 95% CI 6.9% to 7.7%) had treatment escalation. Children with treatment escalation had a longer LOS (44.2 hours, IQR 27.3–63.2 hours) than children without escalation 6.7 hours, IQR 3.5–16.3 hours; p<0.001). The most common treatment escalations were respiratory support alone (400; 2.9%, 95% CI 2.6% to 3.1%), parenteral bronchodilator treatment alone (380; 2.7%, 95% CI 2.5% to 3.0%) and both respiratory support and parenteral bronchodilator treatment (209; 1.5%, 95% CI 1.3% to 1.7%). Respiratory support was predominantly nasal high-flow therapy (99.0%). The most common intravenous medication regimens were: magnesium alone (50.4%), magnesium and aminophylline (24.6%) and magnesium and salbutamol (10.0%).ConclusionsOverall, 7.3% children with acute severe asthma received some form of escalated treatment, with 4.2% receiving parenteral bronchodilators and 4.3% respiratory support. There is wide variation treatment escalation.
Diagnostic accuracy of a pragmatic, ultrasound-based approach to adult patients with suspected acute appendicitis in the ED
Authors: Lehmann Beat , Koeferli Ursina , Sauter Thomas C , Exadaktylos Aristomenis , Hautz Wolf E 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundSystematic imaging reduces the rate of missed appendicitis and negative appendectomies in patients with suspected acute appendicitis (AA). Little is known about the utility of ultrasound as a first diagnostic measure in patients with suspected AA. The aim of this retrospective study is to determine whether ultrasound, performed by emergency physicians or radiologists, can be used as first diagnostic measure in suspected cases to rule out AA and to avoid unnecessary CT.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis at the ED of the University Hospital Bern, Switzerland, from 2012 to 2014. Our standard protocol is that all adult patients suspected of appendicitis receive an ultrasound as their first imaging test, either by an emergency physician or a radiologist. The test characteristics of conclusive and inconclusive ultrasound exams were compared with a pragmatic gold standard.ResultsThe study included 508 patients with suspected AA. 308 patients (60.4%) had a conclusive ultrasound. Among these, sensitivity for appendicitis was 89.6% (95% CI 82.1% to 94.3%), specificity 93.8% (89.1% to 96.6%), the positive predictive value was 87.98 (80.84 to 92.71) and the negative predictive value was 94.65 (91.18 to 96.80). The remaining 200 (39.4%) patients had an inconclusive ultrasound exam. 29% (59/200) of these patients ultimately had appendicitis. Less experienced emergency physician sonographers came to a definitive conclusion in 48.1% (95% CI 36.9% to 59.5%), experienced emergency physician sonographers in 76.0% (68.4% to 82.5%) and radiologists in 52.4% (44.5% to 60.2%).ConclusionA conclusive ultrasound of the appendix performed by either emergency physicians or radiologists is a sensitive and specific exam to diagnose or exclude AA in patients with suspected AA. Because of 6% false negative exams, clinical follow-up is mandatory for patients with negative ultrasound. An inconclusive ultrasound warrants further imaging or a follow-up visit, since 29% of patients with inconclusive ultrasound had an AA.
Development of a child-centred community-based participatory research approach to injury prevention
Authors: Bauer Michelle Emma Eileen , Pike Ian 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundCommunity-based participatory research (CBPR) approaches to injury prevention are conducted so as to foster inclusiveness and collaboration in research processes and settings. Despite the benefits of using CBPR approaches to represent voices in research that are typically marginalised, they are overwhelmingly used in collaborations with youth and adults. Developing a child-centred CBPR approach can serve the important purpose of fostering awareness for children’s voices and needs in injury prevention, and can help future researchers engage communities of children in a genuine and respectful way.PurposeTo develop a four-staged model of a child-centred CBPR approach to injury prevention and outline the development.
Prospective pilot study of the Three Good Things positive psychology intervention in short-term stay hospitalised patients
Authors: Zehner Nicholas , Polding Laura , Faraci Sindra Valeria , Shieh Lisa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
The ‘Three Good Things’ (3GT) positive psychology protocol developed at Duke University has been shown to decrease depressive symptoms and emotional exhaustion in healthcare providers. Whether hospitalised patients may also benefit from the 3GT protocol has not previously been explored.

Objectives
To determine the impact and efficacy of the 3GT protocol with hospitalised patients experiencing serious/chronic illness.

Design
Patient-level randomised control trial.

Setting
Medical units of an academic, tertiary care medical centre.

Patients
221 adults over the age of 18 years admitted to inpatient wards (intensive care units excluded) at Stanford Hospital between January 2017 and May 2018.

Interventions
Patients were randomised to the 3GT intervention arm or the control arm with no intervention.

Measurements and main results
There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in the primary outcomes of improved positivity scores, decreased negativity scores or increased positive-to-negative emotional ratios.

Conclusions
A journal-based application of the 3GT protocol did not result in a statistically significant improvement in patient’s emotional health.
Report on the 6th workshop on search-oriented conversational AI (SCAI 2021)
Authors: Vakulenko Svitlana , Dušek Ondřej , Clark Leigh 
Published: March 2022

The 6th edition of the Search-Oriented Conversational AI workshop (SCAI 2021) was organised as a discussion platform on conversational AI for intelligent information access. The workshop was designed to be multidisciplinary, bringing together researchers and practitioners across the fields of natural language processing (NLP), information retrieval (IR), machine learning (ML) and human-computer interaction (HCI). The workshop included four sessions featuring invited talks, a separate poster session, and a session discussing the results of a shared task on conversational question answering (SCAI-QReCC).Date: 8 October, 2021.Website: https://scai.info.
Improving search and recommendation by asking clarifying questions
Authors: Zou Jie 
Published: March 2022

Recently, there has been renewed interest in interactive search and recommender systems through the development of systems that ask clarifying questions (CQs) to users to better understand their information needs. Although the significance and effectiveness of CQs have been recongnized, research on modelling CQs to improve search and recommender systems is limited, compared to traditional search and recommender systems. Also, understanding users' willingness or ability to answer these CQs, and the extent to which CQs impact users' behavior and their ability to identify relevant information remains relatively unexplored.
The work in this thesis provides a series of models and online user studies for search and recommender systems that construct and use CQs. In the first part of the thesis, we focus on CQ-based search and recommendation algorithms. We first propose a novel CQ-based document search algorithm, Sequential Bayesian Search based method for Technology-Assisted Review (SBSTAR) and its extension, to efficiently retrieve the last few, but significant, relevant documents [Zou et al., 2018; Zou and Kanoulas, 2020]. The algorithm sequentially selects and directly asks CQs to users about the presence or absence of an entity in the missing relevant documents. Next, we propose a novel CQ-based product search algorithm, Question-based Sequential Bayesian Product Search (QSBPS), to effectively locate products that users are looking for [Zou and Kanoulas, 2019]. The model is based on a duet learning framework that learns product relevance and the reward of the potential CQ to be asked to the user. Furthermore, we propose a novel CQ-based recommendation algorithm, Question-based recommendation (Qrec), to assist users to find items interactively [Zou et al., 2020a]. The model is first trained offline by a novel matrix factorization algorithm, and then iteratively updates the user and item latent factors online based on the user's answers. We experimentally test the performance of the proposed models and demonstrate that they outperform state-of-the-art baselines.
In the second part of the thesis, we focus on the evaluation of CQ-based search and recommendation. We first conduct an online user study by deploying a CQ-based system in the domain of online retail, to understand to what extent users can answer CQs. We explore the user willingness, ability, and user perception to provide answers to CQs [Zou et al., 2020b]. Next, we conduct a large user study on web search to understand the impact of CQ interactions on user search behavior and satisfaction, and how users interact with different levels of quality of CQs under different user perceptions and conditions.

Awarded by
: University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands on 6 September 2021.

Supervised by
: Evangelos Kanoulas, Maarten de Rijke.

Available at
: https://hdl.handle.net/11245.1/3c46aa78-98af-4997-aef7-44db7ab2fa3d.
Predictive Value of Globulin to Prealbumin Ratio for 3-Month Functional Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Li Chunjian , Yang Chenguang , Zhu Junyan , Huang Honghao , Zheng Jiahui , Hu Xueting , Pan Wenjing , Sun Fangyue , Zeng Tian , Qiu Haojie , Jiang Zerui , Chen Yiqun , Chen Yilin , Chen Guangyong , Weng Yiyun 
Published: March 2022

Objective. We aimed to evaluate and compare the association between globulin to albumin ratio (GAR) and globulin to prealbumin ratio (GPR) and 3-month functional prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis therapy. Methods.234 AIS patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis were retrospectively enrolled with acute ischemic stroke from February 2016 to October 2019. Blood sample was collected within 24 h after admission. Poor outcome was defined as the modified

Rankin

Scale

mRS

≥
3

and a favorable outcome as

mRS
<
3

. Severe stroke was defined as the

National

Institutes

of

Health

Stroke

Scale

NIHSS

score
>
10

on admission. Student’s

t

-test, Mann–Whitney

U

test, Chi-square test, logistics’ regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were performed. Results. Patients with poor functional outcome had higher GAR and GPR levels compared with favorable functional group (

p
=
0.001

,

p
<
0.001

, respectively). Severe stroke was also associated with these two increasing variables. After adjustment for confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that GPR was an independent indicator predictor of AIS. Conclusions. The 24 h GPR level can predict the 3-month functional outcome in AIS patients accepting recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) intravenous thrombosis.
Osteosarcoma of the Mandible in an Elderly Patient
Authors: Hoshi Isao , Abe Ryosuke , Onodera Kei , Ohashi Yu , Kawai Tadashi , Miyamoto Ikuya , Chiba Toshimi , Takeda Yasunori , Yamada Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2022

Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor in which the cancerous cells produce an osteoid matrix or mineralized bone. Jaw bones are affected in 6% of all osteosarcomas and are the fourth most common site of origin. Surgical treatment of osteosarcoma in elderly patients is rarely reported. Here, we report successful treatment of osteosarcoma arising in the mandible of a 90-year-old man. The patient was referred to our institution for diagnosis and treatment of an oral lesion. Intraoral examination revealed that a hard mass measuring

35
×
27

mm

was located on the floor of the oral cavity, attached to the bone, and its growth displaced the tongue posteriorly. Therefore, he experienced difficulty in speech and swallowing. Biopsy of the mandibular mass was suspicious for chondrosarcoma. Preoperative examination did not detect critical risks for general anesthesia or surgery. Based on a clinical diagnosis of a malignant bone tumor of the mandible, segmental mandibular resection with reconstruction using a titanium plate was performed. Surgical site infection occurred on postoperative day 12, which was resolved by drainage, local irrigation, and administration of antibiotics. There was no delirium or cardiovascular or pulmonary complications. Surgery resolved the patient’s difficulties in speech and swallowing. There was no evidence of tumor recurrence or metastasis 4 years after surgery. This case showed that it was not necessary to exclude surgical treatment merely because the patient was 90 years old. Indications for surgery should be determined individually to improve the patient’s quality of life.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction Is a Driver of SP-2509 Drug Resistance in Ewing Sarcoma
Authors: Tokarsky E. John , Crow Jesse C. , Guenther Lillian M. , Sherman John , Taslim Cenny , Alexe Gabriela , Pishas Kathleen I. , Rask Galen , Justis Blake S. , Kasumova Ana , Stegmaier Kimberly , Lessnick Stephen L. , Theisen Emily R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Expression of the fusion oncoprotein EWS/FLI causes Ewing sarcoma, an aggressive pediatric tumor characterized by widespread epigenetic deregulation. These epigenetic changes are targeted by novel lysine-specific demethylase-1 (LSD1) inhibitors, which are currently in early-phase clinical trials. Single-agent–targeted therapy often induces resistance, and successful clinical development requires knowledge of resistance mechanisms, enabling the design of effective combination strategies. Here, we used a genome-scale CRISPR–Cas9 loss-of-function screen to identify genes whose knockout (KO) conferred resistance to the LSD1 inhibitor SP-2509 in Ewing sarcoma cell lines. Multiple genes required for mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes III and IV function were hits in our screen. We validated this finding using genetic and chemical approaches, including CRISPR KO, ETC inhibitors, and mitochondrial depletion. Further global transcriptional profiling revealed that altered complex III/IV function disrupted the oncogenic program mediated by EWS/FLI and LSD1 and blunted the transcriptomic response to SP-2509.

Implications:
These findings demonstrate that mitochondrial dysfunction modulates SP-2509 efficacy and suggest that new therapeutic strategies combining LSD1 with agents that prevent mitochondrial dysfunction may benefit patients with this aggressive malignancy.
Acantholimon akaydinii (Plumbaginaceae), a new species of A. section Staticopsis from Eastern Anatolia
Authors: ÖZÜDOĞRU BARIŞ , ÖZGİŞİ KURTULUŞ 
Published: March 2022

Acantholimon akaydinii, from Darende district of Malatya Province in eastern Anatolia (Turkey) is described as a new species based on morphological evidence. It resembles the recently described A. ibrahimii but can be readily distinguished by several morphological characters including longer, much-branched scapes and paniculate inflorescence, shorter scales, shorter spikelets, shorter calyx, and pink petals, among others. Diagnostic morphological characters, a full description, a revised key to the Turkish Acantholimon species of A. sect. Staticopsis with laxly distichous spikes, and scape much longer than leaves, as well as detailed illustrations are provided. Furthermore, the IUCN Red List category of the new species is assessed as Critically Endangered (CR) due to its limited distribution and true agricultural pressure.
Expression profile and prognostic significance of HOXB13 in rectal cancer
Authors: Gao Da-Zhi , Yang Yu-Shen , Wang Zhun , Zhao Xue-Feng 
Published: March 2022

Background This study aimed to investigate the expression pattern and prognostic significance of HOXB13 in rectal cancer. Methods HOXB13 expression in rectal cancer and normal adjacent tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry, and its clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis were statistically tested. Furthermore, we evaluated the association between tumor immune infiltrating cells and HOXB13 using the tumor immune estimation resource (TIMER) database. The potential biological mechanism associated with HOXB13 overexpression was investigated by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results The expression of HOXB13 protein in human rectal cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in the normal adjacent tissues ( P < 0.05). HOXB13 expression was significantly correlated with depth of invasion, lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and pathological tumor node metastasis stage ( P < 0.05). Kaplan–Meier survival curves confirmed that HOXB13 overexpression was correlated negatively with overall survival and disease-free survival in rectal cancer ( P < 0.05). Also, multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that HOXB13 expression, age, and lymphatic invasion were independent prognostic factors in rectal cancer ( P < 0.05). Plus, the results from the TIMER database indicated that HOXB13 expression has a significant association with several immune cell infiltrates. Finally, the GSEA results indicated that HOXB13 participated in the various immune-associated processes, including natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity and the T-cell receptor signaling pathway. Conclusion Our study showed an essential role of HOXB13 in rectal cancer immunity and prognosis. Significantly, the overexpression of HOXB13 leads to the worse prognosis for patients with rectal cancer, which will contribute to understanding molecular mechanisms associated with tumor pathogenesis and prognosis in this disease.
A systematic review of the criterion validity and reliability of technical and tactical field-based tests in soccer
Authors: Clemente Filipe Manuel , Praça Gibson , Oliveira Rafael , Aquino Rodrigo , Araújo Rui , Silva Rui , Sarmento Hugo , Afonso José 
Published: March 2022

Background Field-based tests are important since they can guarantee ecological validity. Although most such tests are designed to assess physical fitness, tactical and technical dimensions are also determinants in a full battery of tests. Objectives This systematic review aimed to (a) summarize the criterion validity and reliability of technical and tactical field-based tests applied in soccer and (b) list valid and reliable technical and tactical field-based tests. Methods A systematic review of EBSCO, PubMed, Scielo, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. The eligibility criteria included (i) population (soccer players from any age group, competitive level, or sex); (ii) exposure (exposure to technical and/or tactical field-based tests covering individual technical skills, tactical behaviours, tactical knowledge, and decision-making in the field); (iii) comparator (a laboratory test and/or a criterion field-based test); (iv) outcome (measures of reliability); and (v) no restrictions concerning study design. The synthesis of results focused on the outcomes considered in the eligibility criteria. Results A total of 5008 titles were identified, of which 21 met the eligibility criteria. Eight studies’ analyses centred on tactical tests. Of those, six studies tested the same instrument (FUT-SAT), one study examined divergent thought, and one study used a soccer-specific skills test Among the 10 included studies involving technical tests, only two repeated the same test (the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test). Three studies included tests concurring with physical ones. According to the main findings, the eight studies that used tactical tests revealed that the outcomes obtained from the tests and observers were reliable. The 10 studies that used technical tests, as well as the three concurrent studies, revealed similarly high reliability. Of the eight studies that used tactical tests, seven involved youth participants. Furthermore, three of the 10 studies that conducted technical tests were done on adults. Of the concurrent tests, three involved youth athletes. Only one study including a tactical analysis presented values for validity, while three others provided information about validity. The four studies provided information about test validity. Conclusions Overall, the selected technical and tactical tests, most of which were carried out on youth players, revealed their validity and reliability. Although most studies focused on reliability (which was confirmed regardless of the test included), criterion validity was also observed in the few studies that analysed such factors. Thus, the tests currently proposed for assessing technical and tactical behaviours possess acceptable criterion validity and reliability.