bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, innovation and the race to the South Pole
Authors: Savitt Ronald , Lüdecke Cornelia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present article extends recent studies that ask what might else have been considered by Scott and Amundsen in planning their sledging operations to reach the South Pole during the southern summer of 1911/12. Both were on the cusp of changes in exploration methods and had at hand significant knowledge from past expeditions. Scott’s preparations were based on British Arctic experiences using several haulage methods including the recent innovation, motor sledges. He had little success with them although more research and experimentation might have made them valuable. Amundsen’s integrated program was based on previous American and Norwegian exploration in the Arctic and Antarctica. The race was between two men with very different backgrounds. Scott and Amundsen belonged to the same generation, Scott followed the romantic tradition of heroism as suffering; whereas Amundsen came from a culture that did not value unnecessary risk to life and limb. He won the race with a different organizational type and a different approach to gathering and using knowledge. Evolutionary economics with its focus on organizational structure and its impact on the use of knowledge and innovation is used to evaluate the plans and results of Scott and Amundsen.
Coupled Land‐Sea Warming Dominates the Net Land Carbon Uptake Variability in the Greater Bay Area of South China
Authors: Fan Bingxiong , Li Yangfan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs Earth's warming is driven by anthropogenic activities (e.g., urbanization), land and ocean warming significantly affect the net carbon uptake (NCU) of global ecosystems. However, the driving mechanism of coupled land‐sea warming on the NCU under rapid urbanization in coastal areas remains poorly understood. Here, we used long‐term remote sensing and meteorological observation data combined with spatial analysis and multivariate statistical methods to study the impact of coupled land‐sea warming and urbanization on land net primary productivity (LNPP, a proxy of the net land carbon uptake) in the Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), a rapidly urbanizing and climatically vulnerable area of South China. We found that the total LNPP decreased by 0.40 TgC from 1985 to 2015 and declined suddenly after 2003, driven by the reduced relative humidity and increased vapor pressure deficit (VPD). The increased VPD was caused by coupled land‐sea warming, and the indirect effect (γ = −0.51, p < 0.001) of coupled land‐sea warming on LNPP variability was much stronger than the direct effect (γ = −0.16, p < 0.05). In addition to the severe decline in the LNPP (0.20 TgC) induced by coupled land‐sea warming, urbanization caused a large loss in LNPP (0.16 TgC), which accounted for 40% of the total LNPP loss. Our findings can support future predictions of regional carbon uptake and inform future climate change mitigation strategies to implement carbon peak and neutrality goals.
Fourier Imager Network (FIN): A deep neural network for hologram reconstruction with superior external generalization
Authors: Chen Hanlong , Huang Luzhe , Liu Tairan , Ozcan Aydogan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDeep learning-based image reconstruction methods have achieved remarkable success in phase recovery and holographic imaging. However, the generalization of their image reconstruction performance to new types of samples never seen by the network remains a challenge. Here we introduce a deep learning framework, termed Fourier Imager Network (FIN), that can perform end-to-end phase recovery and image reconstruction from raw holograms of new types of samples, exhibiting unprecedented success in external generalization. FIN architecture is based on spatial Fourier transform modules that process the spatial frequencies of its inputs using learnable filters and a global receptive field. Compared with existing convolutional deep neural networks used for hologram reconstruction, FIN exhibits superior generalization to new types of samples, while also being much faster in its image inference speed, completing the hologram reconstruction task in ~0.04 s per 1 mm2of the sample area. We experimentally validated the performance of FIN by training it using human lung tissue samples and blindly testing it on human prostate, salivary gland tissue and Pap smear samples, proving its superior external generalization and image reconstruction speed. Beyond holographic microscopy and quantitative phase imaging, FIN and the underlying neural network architecture might open up various new opportunities to design broadly generalizable deep learning models in computational imaging and machine vision fields.
The power, potential, benefits, and challenges of implementing high-throughput sequencing in food safety systems
Authors: Imanian Behzad , Donaghy John , Jackson Tim , Gummalla Sanjay , Ganesan Balasubramanian , Baker Robert C. , Henderson Matthew , Butler Emily K. , Hong Yingying , Ring Brendan , Thorp Clare , Khaksar Ramin , Samadpour Mansour , Lawless Kahlil A. , MacLaren-Lee Iain , Carleton Heather A. , Tian Renmao , Zhang Wei , Wan Jason 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe development and application of modern sequencing technologies have led to many new improvements in food safety and public health. With unprecedented resolution and big data, high-throughput sequencing (HTS) has enabled food safety specialists to sequence marker genes, whole genomes, and transcriptomes of microorganisms almost in real-time. These data reveal not only the identity of a pathogen or an organism of interest in the food supply but its virulence potential and functional characteristics. HTS of amplicons, allow better characterization of the microbial communities associated with food and the environment. New and powerful bioinformatics tools, algorithms, and machine learning allow for development of new models to predict and tackle important events such as foodborne disease outbreaks. Despite its potential, the integration of HTS into current food safety systems is far from complete. Government agencies have embraced this new technology, and use it for disease diagnostics, food safety inspections, and outbreak investigations. However, adoption and application of HTS by the food industry have been comparatively slow, sporadic, and fragmented. Incorporation of HTS by food manufacturers in their food safety programs could reinforce the design and verification of effectiveness of control measures by providing greater insight into the characteristics, origin, relatedness, and evolution of microorganisms in our foods and environment. Here, we discuss this new technology, its power, and potential. A brief history of implementation by public health agencies is presented, as are the benefits and challenges for the food industry, and its future in the context of food safety.
Fundamental social motives measured across forty-two cultures in two waves
Authors: Pick Cari M. , Ko Ahra , Kenrick Douglas T. , Wiezel Adi , Wormley Alexandra S. , Awad Edmond , Al-Shawaf Laith , Barry Oumar , Bereby-Meyer Yoella , Boonyasiriwat Watcharaporn , Brandstätter Eduard , Ceylan-Batur Suzan , Choy Bryan K. C. , Crispim Ana Carla , Cruz Julio Eduardo , David Daniel , David Oana A. , Defelipe Renata Pereira , Elmas Pinar , Espinosa Agustín , Fernandez Ana Maria , Fetvadjiev Velichko H. , Fetvadjieva Stefka , Fischer Ronald , Galdi Silvia , Galindo-Caballero Oscar Javier , Golovina Elena V. , Golovina Galina M. , Gomez-Jacinto Luis , Graf Sylvie , Grossmann Igor , Gul Pelin , Halama Peter , Hamamura Takeshi , Han Shihui , Hansson Lina S. , Hitokoto Hidefumi , Hřebíčková Martina , Ilic Darinka , Johnson Jennifer Lee , Kara-Yakoubian Mane , Karl Johannes A. , Kim Jinseok P. , Kohút Michal , Lasselin Julie , Lee Hwaryung , Li Norman P. , Mafra Anthonieta Looman , Malanchuk Oksana , Moran Simone , Murata Asuka , Na Jinkyung , Ndiaye Serigne Abdou Lahat , O Jiaqing , Onyishi Ike E. , Pasay-an Eddieson , Rizwan Muhammed , Roth Eric , Salgado Sergio , Samoylenko Elena S. , Savchenko Tatyana N. , Sette Catarina , Sevincer A. Timur , Skoog Eric , Stanciu Adrian , Suh Eunkook M. , Sznycer Daniel , Talhelm Thomas , Ugwu Fabian O. , Uskul Ayse K. , Uz Irem , Valentova Jaroslava Varella , Varella Marco Antonio Correa , Wei Liuqing , Zambrano Danilo , Varnum Michael E. W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractH﻿ow does psychology vary across human societies? The fundamental social motives framework adopts an evolutionary approach to capture the broad range of human social goals within a taxonomy of ancestrally recurring threats and opportunities. These motives—self-protection, disease avoidance, affiliation, status, mate acquisition, mate retention, and kin care—are high in fitness relevance and everyday salience, yet understudied cross-culturally. Here, we gathered data on these motives in 42 countries (N = 15,915) in two cross-sectional waves, including 19 countries (N = 10,907) for which data were gathered in both waves. Wave 1 was collected from mid-2016 through late 2019 (32 countries, N = 8,998; 3,302 male, 5,585 female; Mage = 24.43, SD = 7.91). Wave 2 was collected from April through November 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic (29 countries, N = 6,917; 2,249 male, 4,218 female; Mage = 28.59, SD = 11.31). These data can be used to assess differences and similarities in people’s fundamental social motives both across and within cultures, at different time points, and in relation to other commonly studied cultural indicators and outcomes.
A bankfull geometry dataset for major exorheic rivers on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Li Dan , Xue Yuan , Qin Chao , Wu Baosheng , Chen Bowei , Wang Ge 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBankfull river discharge shapes river morphology. The bankfull river surface planform and river width can be used to quantify river size. Regional studies of stream ecology, hydrologic modelling, river carbon emissions and geomorphology from the perspective of fluvial processes are hindered by the lack of a highly accurate spatially distributed river network that considers bankfull river geometry. Based on Sentinel-2 and Landsat 5/7/8 multispectral instrument imagery andin situmeasured hydrological data, the river discharge and width of spatially distributed cross sections of six major exorheic rivers and their tributaries located on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) are calculated under bankfull conditions. Then, the bankfull river surface is extracted. Finally, a bankfull river width and surface area database is established. The provided planform river hydromorphology data can supplement global hydrography datasets and effectively represent the combined fluvial geomorphology and geological background in the study area.
Ultra-high-resolution quanta image sensor with reliable photon-number-resolving and high dynamic range capabilities
Authors: Ma Jiaju , Zhang Dexue , Robledo Dakota , Anzagira Leo , Masoodian Saleh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSuperior low-light and high dynamic range (HDR) imaging performance with ultra-high pixel resolution are widely sought after in the imaging world. The quanta image sensor (QIS) concept was proposed in 2005 as the next paradigm in solid-state image sensors after charge coupled devices (CCD) and complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) active pixel sensors. This next-generation image sensor would contain hundreds of millions to billions of small pixels with photon-number-resolving and HDR capabilities, providing superior imaging performance over CCD and conventional CMOS sensors. In this article, we present a 163 megapixel QIS that enables both reliable photon-number-resolving and high dynamic range imaging in a single device. This is the highest pixel resolution ever reported among low-noise image sensors with photon-number-resolving capability. This QIS was fabricated with a standard, state-of-the-art CMOS process with 2-layer wafer stacking and backside illumination. Reliable photon-number-resolving is demonstrated with an average read noise of 0.35 e- rms at room temperature operation, enabling industry leading low-light imaging performance. Additionally, a dynamic range of 95 dB is realized due to the extremely low noise floor and an extended full-well capacity of 20k e-. The design, operating principles, experimental results, and imaging performance of this QIS device are discussed.
Personalized survival probabilities for SARS-CoV-2 positive patients by explainable machine learning
Authors: Zucco Adrian G. , Agius Rudi , Svanberg Rebecka , Moestrup Kasper S. , Marandi Ramtin Z. , MacPherson Cameron Ross , Lundgren Jens , Ostrowski Sisse R. , Niemann Carsten U. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInterpretable risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients can aid clinicians to implement precision medicine. Here we trained a machine learning model to predict mortality within 12 weeks of a first positive SARS-CoV-2 test. By leveraging data on 33,938 confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases in eastern Denmark, we considered 2723 variables extracted from electronic health records (EHR) including demographics, diagnoses, medications, laboratory test results and vital parameters. A discrete-time framework for survival modelling enabled us to predict personalized survival curves and explain individual risk factors. Performance on the test set was measured with a weighted concordance index of 0.95 and an area under the curve for precision-recall of 0.71. Age, sex, number of medications, previous hospitalizations and lymphocyte counts were identified as top mortality risk factors. Our explainable survival model developed on EHR data also revealed temporal dynamics of the 22 selected risk factors. Upon further validation, this model may allow direct reporting of personalized survival probabilities in routine care.
Polarization transformation and destructive interference on subwavelength magnetic domains in magneto-plasmonic systems
Authors: Yamane Haruki , Yanase Satoshi , Hasegawa Takashi , Kobayashi Masanobu , Yasukawa Yukiko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe demonstrate magneto-optical (MO) polarization transformation due to surface plasmons in CoPt perpendicular magnetic films in the polar Kerr geometry. An extraordinary Kerr rotation angle (θK =  ± 88.9°) that almost reaches the upper limit of polarization is produced in the attenuated total reflection (Kretschmann) configuration. P-polarized incident radiation is almost transformed upon reflection to s-polarized radiation, which may be out of phase depending on whether the magnetization of CoPt is up or down. Moreover, the reflected intensity may be drastically modulated by applying an external magnetic field. The reflectivity goes almost to zero in the demagnetized state and increases with increasing external magnetic field. This drastic optical response is attributed to the MO destructive interference produced by the subwavelength magnetic domain structure.
Study of the effect of higher-order dispersions on photoionisation induced by ultrafast laser pulses applying a classical theoretical method
Authors: Márton István , Sarkadi László 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe investigated the effect of higher order dispersion on ultrafast photoionisation with Classical Trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) method for hydrogen and krypton atoms. In our calculations we used linearly polarised ultrashort 7 fs laser pulses, $$6.5 \times 10^{14} \mathrm {W/cm^{2}}$$

6.5
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intensity, and a central wavelength of 800 nm. Our results show that electrons with the highest kinetic energies are obtained with transform limited (TL) pulses. The shaping of the pulses with negative second- third- or fourth- order dispersion results in higher ionisation yield and electron energies compared to pulses shaped with positive dispersion values. We have also investigated how the Carrier Envelope Phase (CEP) dependence of the ionisation is infuenced by dispersion. We calculated the left-right asymmetry as a function of energy and CEP for sodium atoms employing pulses of 4.5 fs, 800 nm central wavelength, and $$4 \times 10^{12}\mathrm {W/cm^{2}}$$

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intensity. We found that the left-right asymmetry is more pronounced for pulses shaped with positive Group Delay Dispersion (GDD). It was also found that shaping a pulse with increasing amounts of GDD in absolute value blurs the CEP dependence, which is attributed to the increasing number of optical cycles.
Gut biomolecules (I-FABP, TFF3 and lipocalin-2) are associated with linear growth and biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) in Bangladeshi children
Authors: Hasan Md. Mehedi , Gazi Md. Amran , Das Subhasish , Fahim Shah Mohammad , Hossaini Farzana , Khan Ar-Rafi , Ferdous Jafrin , Alam Md. Ashraful , Mahfuz Mustafa , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the current world, a major challenge to diagnose environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is the lack of validated non-invasive biomarkers. Intestine derived molecules, including intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), trefoil factor-3 (TFF3), lactoferrin, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), and mucin-2, have been reported as indicators of intestinal inflammation and gut health. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the levels of these bio-molecules as biomarkers of EED among under-2 children in Bangladesh. A total of 140 children were recruited in a case–control design. All the biomarkers were measured by ELISA. Spearman’s rank correlation was performed to see the correlation between the biomarkers and the EED score. Moreover, multivariable linear regression was performed to investigate the association of biomarkers with length-for-age z-score (LAZ). TFF3 correlates positively with myeloperoxidase (r = 0.26, p < 0.05) and EED score (r = 0.17, p < 0.05). Likewise, LCN2 correlates positively with myeloperoxidase (r = 0.37, p < 0.05), neopterin (r = 0.33, p < 0.05) and EED score (r = 0.31, p < 0.05). Moreover, multivariable linear regression revealed a negative association of I-FABP with LAZ of the study participants. Our results imply that TFF3 and LCN2 might be promising biomarkers to diagnose intestinal inflammation and EED, while I-FABP is negatively associated with linear growth of Bangladeshi children.
A paradigm shift in the quantification of wave energy attenuation due to saltmarshes based on their standing biomass
Authors: Maza Maria , Lara Javier L. , Losada Iñigo J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMost existing analytical and numerical models to quantify wave energy attenuation attributed to saltmarshes are based on the definition of a drag coefficient that varies with vegetation and wave characteristics and requires calibration, i.e., a case-specific variable. With the aim of determining a new variable to estimate wave energy attenuation without the use of calibration coefficients, wave attenuation caused by different saltmarsh species and the relationship with the ecosystem standing biomass are experimentally studied. Samples of four real saltmarshes with contrasting morphological and biomechanical properties, namely, Spartina sp., Salicornia sp., Halimione sp. and Juncus sp., are collected in the field and placed in a wave flume for testing under different regular and random wave conditions. Two meadow densities are considered, in addition to zero-density cases. Thus, wave damping coefficients are obtained in vegetated cases, β, and bare soil cases, βB, and wave damping produced solely by the meadow standing biomass, βSB, is determined. The obtained wave damping coefficients are related to a new variable, the hydraulic standing biomass (HSB), which is defined as a function of the meadow mean height and standing biomass and incident flow characteristics. Linear fitting relationships between the wave damping coefficient and HSB are obtained, allowing β and βSB estimation without the need for calibration. Therefore, the use of these new relationships facilitates direct quantification of wave energy attenuation due to saltmarshes based on incident wave conditions, mean plant height and meadow standing biomass, variables that can be obtained from aerial images or remote sensing data, extending the applicability of the approach. Another key aspect is that this approach does not depend on any calibration coefficient and can be directly applied with knowledge of the abovementioned characteristics. This may represent a paradigm shift in the estimation of wave energy attenuation attributed to saltmarshes.
Human-likeness and attribution of intentionality predict vicarious sense of agency over humanoid robot actions
Authors: Roselli Cecilia , Ciardo Francesca , De Tommaso Davide , Wykowska Agnieszka 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSense of Agency (SoA) is the feeling of being in control of one’s actions and their outcomes. In a social context, people can experience a “vicarious” SoA over another human’s actions; however, it is still controversial whether the same occurs in Human–Robot Interaction (HRI). The present study aimed at understanding whether humanoid robots may elicit vicarious SoA in humans, and whether the emergence of this phenomenon depends on the attribution of intentionality towards robots. We asked adult participants to perform an Intentional Binding (IB) task alone and with the humanoid iCub robot, reporting the time of occurrence of both self- and iCub-generated actions. Before the experiment, participants’ degree of attribution of intentionality towards robots was assessed. Results showed that participants experienced vicarious SoA over iCub-generated actions. Moreover, intentionality attribution positively predicted the magnitude of vicarious SoA. In conclusion, our results highlight the importance of factors such as human-likeness and attribution of intentionality for the emergence of vicarious SoA towards robots.
Advanced antireflection for back-illuminated silicon photomultipliers to detect faint light
Authors: Tao Yuguo , Rajapakse Arith , Erickson Anna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSilicon photomultipliers have attracted increasing attention for detecting low-density light in both scientific research and practical applications in recent years; yet the photon losses due to reflection on the light-sensitive planar silicon surface considerably limit its photon detection efficiency. Here we demonstrate an advanced light trapping feature by developing the multi-layer antireflection coatings and the textured silicon surface with upright random nano-micro pyramids, which significantly reduces the reflection of faint light in a wide spectrum, from ultraviolet to infrared. Integrating this advanced photon confinement feature into next-generation back-illuminated silicon photomultiplier would increase the photon detection efficiency with significantly lower reflection and much more active areas. This advanced design feature offers the back-illuminated silicon photomultiplier broader application opportunities exemplified in the emerging scenarios such as nuclear medical imaging, light detection and ranging for autonomous driving, detection of scintillation light in ionizing radiation, as well as high energy physics.