bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacteria‐Triggered Solar Hydrogen Production via Platinum(II)‐Tethered Chalcogenoviologens
Authors: Li Guoping , Zhou Kun , Sun Qi , Ma Wenqiang , Liu Xu , Zhang Xuri , Zhang Lei , Rao Bin , He Ya‐Ling , He Gang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMultifunctional solar energy conversion offers a feasible strategy to solve energy, environmental and water crises. Herein, a series of platinum(II)‐tethered chalcogenoviologens (PtL+‐EV2+, E=S, Se, Te) is reported, which integrate the functions of photosensitizer, electron mediator and catalyst. PtL+‐EV2+(particularly for PtL+‐SeV2+)‐based one‐component solar H2production could be triggered not only by EDTA, but also by facultative anaerobic and aerobic bacteria relying on a simplified mechanism, along with efficient antibacterial activities. In addition, by using real pool water, PtL+‐SeV2+achieved multiple functions, including H2production, antibacterial action and acid removal, which supplied a new strategy to solve various problems in real life via a single system.
Dual‐Band‐Tunable White‐Light Emission from Bi3+/Te4+ Emitters in Perovskite‐Derivative Cs2SnCl6 Microcrystals
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zheng Wei , Li Lingyun , Huang Ping , Gong Zhongliang , Zhou Ziwei , Sun Jinyue , Yu Yan , Chen Xueyuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLuminescent metal halides have attracted considerable attention in next‐generation solid‐state lighting because of their superior optical properties and easy solution processibility. Herein, we report a new class of highly efficient and dual‐band‐tunable white‐light emitters based on Bi3+/Te4+ co‐doped perovskite derivative Cs2SnCl6 microcrystals. Owing to the strong electron‐phonon coupling and efficient energy transfer from Bi3+ to Te4+, the microcrystals exhibited broad dual‐band white‐light emission originating from the inter‐configurational 3P0,1→1S0 transitions of Bi3+ and Te4+, with good stability and a high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield of up to 68.3 %. Specifically, a remarkable transition in Bi3+‐PL lifetime from milliseconds at 10 K to microseconds at 300 K was observed, as solid evidence for the isolated Bi3+ emission. These findings provide not only new insights into the excited‐state dynamics of Bi3+ and Te4+ in Cs2SnCl6, but also a general approach to achieve single‐composition white‐light emitters based on lead‐free metal halides through ns2‐metal ion co‐doping.
Effect of gelatin type on the structure and properties of microfibrillated cellulose reinforced gelatin edible films
Authors: Liu Yanchun , Liu Shujie , Liu Jie , Zheng Xuejing , Tang Keyong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe physical and mechanical properties of gelatin edible films need to be significantly improved to meet the increasing requirements of food and pharmaceutical industry. This study investigates the effect of gelatin type on the structure and properties of glycerol plasticized gelatin films reinforced by microfibrillated cellulose (MFC). Results indicate that the tensile strength of type‐A and type‐B gelatin (GelA and GelB) films increases by 48% and 90% respectively at an optimum MFC content of 15 wt% in comparison to control gelatin films without MFC. The incorporation of MFC also has a more pronounced impact on optical properties and moisture absorption capability of GelB films than on those of GelA films. Scanning electron microscopy and polarized optical microscopy studies show that the MFC fibrils are uniformly distributed in both types of gelatin matrices. X‐ray diffraction and attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared analyses reveal that the interactions between MFC and GelB are stronger than those of between the MFC and GelA. The mechanism behind the more significant mechanical performance improvement of GelB films by the addition of MFC is speculated to be that stronger hydrogen bonding interactions contribute to enhanced structural integrity and stability of the gelatin‐based films.
Characterization of a new bio‐based and biodegradable blends of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) and poly(butylene‐co‐succinate‐co‐adipate)
Authors: Le Delliou Benjamin , Vitrac Olivier , Castro Mickael , Bruzaud Stephane , Domenek Sandra 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMelt blending of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and poly(butylene‐co‐succinate‐co‐adipate) (PBSA) was investigated by means of batch mixing at different weight ratios (100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, and 0:100). PHBV and PBSA were immiscible. PBSA formed small nodules in PHBV, while PHBV formed large inclusions in PBSA. In 50/50 wt% blends, a co‐continuous structure was obtained. The crystallization rate of PHBV and PBSA increased in the blends, most probably due to mutual nucleation, except at the later stages, where PHBV crystallization rates slowed down inside the nodules and in the co‐continuous structure. The mechanical properties were successfully modeled with the EBM model, including parallel and serial resistances and show that the rigidity of the material can be modulated using PBSA. The elongation at break is however governed by PHBV. The blends featured brittle fracture even if PBSA was the continuous phase. The analysis of the stress at break showed that the fracture could be ascribed to debonding at the interfaces and the fracture behavior of PHBV.
Pharmacokinetic and brain distribution study of an anti‐glioblastoma agent in mice by HPLC–MS/MS
Authors: Li Yaxin , Dano Raina , Li Cathy , Zhang Wenjing , Lathia Justin D. , Wang Bingcheng , Su Bin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPreviously compound I showed great anti‐glioblastoma activity without toxicity in a mouse xenograft study. In this study, a sensitive and rapid high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated to investigate the pharmacokinetics and brain distribution of compound I in mice. The protein precipitation method was applied to extract the compound from mouse plasma and brain homogenates, and it was then separated using a Kinetex C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile–0.1% formic acid water (50:50, v/v). The analytes were detected with multiple reaction monitoring for the quantitative response of the compounds. The inter‐ and intra‐day precisions were <8.29 and 3.85%, respectively, and the accuracy range was within ±7.33%. The method was successfully applied to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of compound I in mouse plasma and brain tissue. The peak concentration in plasma was achieved within 1 h. The apparent elimination half‐life was 4.06 h. The peak concentration of compound I in brain tissue was 0.88 μg/g. The results indicated that compound I was rapidly distributed and could cross the blood–brain barrier. The pharmacokinetic profile summarized provides valuable information for the further investigation of compound I as a potential anti‐glioblastoma agent.
Synthesis, characterization and control of eight process‐related and two genotoxic fingolimod impurities by a validated RP‐UPLC method
Authors: Bellur Atici Esen , Yazar Yücel , Rıdvanoğlu Nurten 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn HPLC method has been described in the European Pharmacopoeia and United States Pharmacopeia for the determination of nine organic impurities (imp A–I) in fingolimod hydrochloride, a synthetic sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor modulator. The manufacturing process of fingolimod hydrochloride consists of multistep chemical synthesis wherein controls of precursors, intermediates and process steps should be performed to assure the final quality of the drug substance. We synthesized and isolated eight process‐related impurities (FINI imp A–H) of fingolimod, which were different from the pharmacopoeial impurities. One unknown process‐related impurity was found as a key intermediate (FINI) and was identified by LC–MS. Characterization of all of the impurities were done using spectroscopic techniques (1H and 13C NMR, FTIR, MS), and the mechanistic pathways to the formation of these impurities were also discussed. Two of these impurities were evaluated as potential genotoxic impurities owing to their alerting structures and alkylating properties (alkyl sulfonates and alkyl halides, class 3, ICH M7). We also developed and validated an RP‐UPLC method in line with ICH Q2 guidelines for control these impurities (FINI imp A–H) and to assure the pharmacopoeial quality drug substance.
Boron‐, Sulfur‐ and Nitrogen‐Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Multiple Resonance Emitters for Narrow‐Band Blue Emission
Authors: Li Qiang , Wu Yuliang , Wang Xingdong , Yang Qingqing , Hu Jun , Zhong Rui , Shao Shiyang , Wang Lixiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTwo boron‐, sulfur‐ and nitrogen‐doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters with high photoluminescent quantum efficiency (88 %) and rapid reverse intersystem crossing (kRISC= 1.0×105 s−1) are designed and synthesized, enabling efficient narrow‐band blue electroluminescence at 473 nm with full width at half maximum of 29 nm and maximum external quantum efficiency of 22.0 %, which provides an avenue to expand the structure library for multiple resonance emitters and an approach to regulate their emission properties.
Substituent Effects of Tetracoordinate Boron in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Taniguchi Tsuyoshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe present review focuses on recent examples of tetracoordinate boryl groups greatly influencing reactions in organic synthesis. Electron‐rich tetracoordinate boryl groups stabilize or activate reactive intermediates such as cations, radicals and π‐conjugation systems, and interaction of the intermediates with carbon‐boron or heteroatom‐boron bonds is the origin of such substituent effects. Unique substituent effects of tetracoordinate boryl groups often promote desired reactions and affect results of reactions such as yield and selectivity of products.
Zeolite Membranes – The Importance of Support Analysis
Authors: Kapteijn Freek , Wang Xuerui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractZeolite membranes are highly attractive in energy efficient, selective separation technologies. Their high selectivity originates from selective adsorption, diffusion and even molecular sieving. High flux zeolite membranes (> 1 mol s−1m−2) with a sub‐micrometer thickness are mechanically stabilized by a porous, often multilayer, support. Transport mechanisms in zeolite layer and support, however, are counteracting regarding selectivity, and a support may also act as a flux resistance. Several examples are analyzed quantifying the impact of the support on the observed performance, showing the effect of layer thickness, orientation of the asymmetric membrane and operational conditions, resulting in recommendations for the configuration of zeolite membrane modules.
Catalytic 1,3‐H Atom Shift of a Terminal Benzylic Alkyne by Iron and Alkali Metal Silylamides – Switching between Allene and Internal Alkyne
Authors: Weller Ruth , Müller Igor , Werncke C. Gunnar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHerein the examination of the transformation of alkynes by low‐coordinate iron silylamides is presented. An anionic linear iron(I) silylamides ([Fe(N{Dipp}SiR3)2]−; Dipp=2,6‐di‐iso‐propylphenyl, R=Me) acts as precatalyst for the cyclotrimerization of diphenyl acetylene but is unable to transform internal alkynes with aliphatic substituents or terminal alkynes accordingly. For a benzylic, terminal alkyne, however, the 1,3‐H‐shift to the internal alkyne is observed and proceeds via phenyl allene. Using 10 mol% of the iron complex, the terminal alkene is selectively transformed to phenyl allene within minutes, and further fully transformed to the internal alkyne within 24 h. The transformation is retraced on a stoichiometric level and leads to the isolation of a π‐alkyne complex with a shifted triple bond. Further, the anionic, trigonal iron(II) silylamide [Fe(NR2)3]− also mediates the catalytic conversion of the terminal alkyne but is restricted to allene formation. Overall, a deprotonation/reprotonation mechanism is assumed for these transformations. This was ultimately proven by using potassium hexamethyldisilazanide KNR2, which is an even more active catalyst for the complete triple bond shift.
Evidence of intraplate magmatism and subduction magmatism during the formation of Nagaland–Manipur Ophiolites, Indo–Myanmar Orogenic Belt, north‐east India
Authors: Imtisunep Sashimeren , Singh Athokpam Krishnakanta , Bikramaditya Rajkumar , Khogenkumar Shoraisam , Chaubey Monika , Kumar Naveen 
Published: January 2022

Mafic extrusive rocks (basalts) and intrusive rocks (gabbros) from the Nagaland–Manipur Ophiolite (NMO) of the Indo–Myanmar Orogenic Belt (IMOB), north‐east India, are investigated to understand their magmatic evolution in diverse tectonic environments. Basalts are distinguished into two types: basalt‐I and basalt‐II. Basalt‐I type shows the sub‐alkaline character with Nb/Y < 0.50, low Nb/Th (2.36–7.94), and low to moderate La/Sm (1.00–4.12) indicating derivation from a slightly enriched mantle source and also supported by their enriched LREE pattern with flat HREE. They are depleted in HFSEs (Nb and Ti) but enriched in U and Pb, which is indicative of a typical subduction origin derived from an MORB‐type mantle source. Investigated samples of basalt‐II and gabbros have an equal composition with alkaline characteristics. They have Nb/Y > 0.50, high Nb/Th (8.38–13.37), and highly enriched LREE (La/Sm = 4.41–6.35) pattern. They show typical Ocean Island Basalt (OIB) characters of a plume source. The two sets of basalts and gabbros found in this study have no sign of genetic relationship, and therefore, it strongly suggests that they were derived from two different mantle sources of a plume and a subduction zone mantle wedge. Our study supports the theory that the NMO has records of different magmatic episodes produced ranging from plume‐related magmatism, to divergent and convergent plate magmatism that were generated at diverse tectonic settings.
Experimental investigation on frequency pulsation effects on a single pass plate heat exchanger performance
Authors: Alikhan Amina Hmoud , Maghrebi Mohammad Javad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates combined heat transfer improvement methods. These methods include introducing pulsating flow, adding nanofluids, and manipulating the flow's characteristics in a corrugated plate heat exchanger. Tests are carried out with multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), graphene nanoplate (GNP), and a mixture of GNP and MWCNT meeting the requirement of 0.01% nanofluids volume fraction and exposed to pulsation. Results demonstrated that the use of pulsating frequencies from 0 to 30 Hz of GNP‐water, MIX nanofluids–water, and MWCNT–water nanofluids with a constant concentration of 0.01 wt% leads to a significant improvement in heat transfer. Using pure water at frequency f = 0 Hz as a benchmark, the Nusselt number of the mixture nanofluid increases by 15.2%, 27.5%, 40.4%, and 52.8% with the increase of frequency pulsation from 0 to 30 Hz with a slight effect on the pressure‐drop at this low used constant nanofluid concentration = 0.01%. The highest Nusselt number value for GNP‐water nanofluid improved by an amount of 58.3% at the highest frequency compared with pure water at f = 0 Hz.
Dried plasma spot–based liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the quantification of methotrexate in human plasma and its application in therapeutic drug monitoring
Authors: Cao Haiwei , Li Li , Wang Shaomin , Guo Haiyang , Ren Wenbo , Li Yanyan , Huang Jing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMethotrexate, a folic acid antitumor drug, is widely used to treat childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Therapeutic drug monitoring is crucial for adjusting the dosage of methotrexate according to its plasma concentration and reducing adverse effects. Micro‐sampling strategies, like dried plasma spot, is an attractive but underutilized method that has the desired features of easy collection, storage, and transport, and overcomes known hematocrit issues in dried blood spot analysis. This study describes a dried plasma spot–based liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for quantification of methotrexate. The assay showed good linearity over 30–2000 ng/mL (R2 ≥ 0.995) as well as excellent precision (0.6–9.3%) and accuracy (89.2–108.3%). Methotrexate was extracted from dried plasma spot and wet plasma samples with recoveries greater than 92.1%, and no significant matrix effect was observed. A comparison of dried plasma spot and wet plasma concentrations was assessed in 27 patients treated with methotrexate and Passing–Bablok regression coefficients showed that no significant difference between the two methods. The Bland–Altman plots showed similar agreement between the methods, indicating that the proposed dried plasma spot sampling method is an effective way to monitor the concentration of methotrexate in human plasma.
Movement Disorders and the Gut: A Review
Authors: Talman Lauren S. , Pfeiffer Ronald F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere is a close link between multiple movement disorders and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Gastrointestinal symptoms may precede the development of the neurologic syndrome or may arise following the neurologic presentation. This review will provide an overview of gastrointestinal accompaniments to several well‐known as well as lesser known movement disorders. It will also highlight several disorders which may not be considered primary movement disorders but have an overlapping presentation of both gastrointestinal and movement abnormalities.
Spoof surface plasmon polaritons characteristics of band‐stop slot resonators
Authors: Xiao Zhenning , Zhang Lei , Li Weiwen , Zhang Liangcai , Zhang Baoping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBy periodically patterning the conductor surface, the so‐called spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) in microwave band can be transmitted and SSPP mode devices with the cutoff frequency at high frequency end can be constructed. In this paper, the spiral slots are loaded in the edge and the feed port of a printed monopole antenna element and two rejection bands are achieved. The results indicate that in the intuitive physical sense, the slot‐typed band‐stop resonator in antenna structure actually works according to the SSPP mode mechanism. Furthermore, it is proposed that its structure size should be determined according to the principle that the slot resonant frequency is a bit lower than the asymptotic frequency of SSPP modes.
Quantification of uptake in pelvis F‐18 FLT PET‐CT images using a 3D localization and segmentation CNN
Authors: Xiong Xiaofan , Smith Brian J. , Graves Stephen A. , Sunderland John J. , Graham Michael M. , Gross Brandie A. , Buatti John M. , Beichel Reinhard R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this work was to develop and validate a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) approach for the automated pelvis segmentation in computed tomography (CT) scans to enable the quantification of active pelvic bone marrow by means of Fluorothymidine F‐18 (FLT) tracer uptake measurement in positron emission tomography (PET) scans. This quantification is a critical step in calculating bone marrow dose for radiopharmaceutical therapy clinical applications as well as external beam radiation doses.MethodsAn approach for the combined localization and segmentation of the pelvis in CT volumes of varying sizes, ranging from full‐body to pelvis CT scans, was developed that utilizes a novel CNN architecture in combination with a random sampling strategy. The method was validated on 34 planning CT scans and 106 full‐body FLT PET‐CT scans using a cross‐validation strategy. Specifically, two different training and CNN application options were studied, quantitatively assessed, and statistically compared.ResultsThe proposed method was able to successfully locate and segment the pelvis in all test cases. On all data sets, an average Dice coefficient of 0.9396 0.0182 or better was achieved. The relative tracer uptake measurement error ranged between 0.065% and 0.204%. The proposed approach is time‐efficient and shows a reduction in runtime of up to 95% compared to a standard U‐Net‐based approach without a localization component.ConclusionsThe proposed method enables the efficient calculation of FLT uptake in the pelvis. Thus, it represents a valuable tool to facilitate bone marrow preserving adaptive radiation therapy and radiopharmaceutical dose calculation. Furthermore, the method can be adapted to process other bone structures as well as organs.
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL VALIDITY OF THE COMPARATIVE INTERRUPTED TIME‐SERIES DESIGN: A META‐ANALYSIS
Authors: Coopersmith Jared , Cook Thomas D. , Zurovac Jelena , Chaplin Duncan , Forrow Lauren V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper meta‐analyzes 12 heterogeneous studies that examine bias in the comparative interrupted time‐series design (CITS) that is often used to evaluate the effects of social policy interventions. To measure bias, each CITS impact estimate was differenced from the estimate derived from a theoretically unbiased causal benchmark study that tested the same hypothesis with the same treatment group, outcome data, and estimand. In 10 studies, the benchmark was a randomized experiment and in the other two it was a regression‐discontinuity study. Analyses revealed the average standardized CITS bias to be between −0.01 and 0.042 standard deviations; and all but one bias estimate from individual studies fell within 0.10 standard deviations of its benchmark, indicating that the near zero mean bias did not result from averaging many large single study differences. The low mean and generally tight distribution of individual bias estimates suggest that CITS studies are worth recommending for future causal hypothesis tests because: (1) over the studies examined, they generally resulted in high internal validity; and (2) they also promise high external validity because the empirical tests we synthesized occurred across a wide variety of settings, times, interventions, and outcomes.
Variation of air permeability in bromobutyl rubber/epoxidized natural rubber composites: Influence of structure of filler particle
Authors: Thuruthil Raju Aswathy , Das Mithun , Dash Biswaranjan , Dey Pranab , Nair Sujith , Naskar Kinsuk 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe effect of carbon black structure on dispersion and barrier properties in BIIR/ENR 50 blends is studied extensively in this paper. Carbon blacks with different dibutyl phthalate values are used for the study and it is found that the structure of carbon black strongly affects both the mode of dispersion as well as barrier properties of the end product. The morphology of various carbon blacks in their raw state and in the matrix was studied using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The influence of carbon black structure on the reinforcing was studied by analyzing the physical properties. The rubber–filler interaction was measured using bound rubber content and filler–filler interaction was studied using rubber processing analyzer. For the same loading of carbon black, the high structure carbon black is more difficult to disperse in BIIR/ENR 50 blends compared to the low structure carbon black, leading to changes in permeability properties.