bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An unusual case of complete pathological response to Paget’s disease of the breast
Authors: Okonofua Daisy , Soh Chien Lin , Tafazal Habib 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mammary Paget’s disease is a rare form of breast cancer present in ~0.5–2.8% of breast cancers. The patients have a poorer prognosis, and usually, the appropriate therapy is based on the pathologic findings of the mass and axillary staging. This report adds the outcomes of Paget’s disease following neoadjuvant chemotherapy to the literature by description of a case of a 48-year-old patient with Paget’s disease who had a complete pathological response to Paget’s disease of the breast following neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Stellar multiplicity and stellar rotation: insights from APOGEE
Authors: Daher Christine Mazzola , Badenes Carles , Tayar Jamie , Pinsonneault Marc , Koposov Sergey E , Kratter Kaitlin , Moe Maxwell , Anguiano Borja , Godoy-Rivera Diego , Majewski Steven , Carlberg Joleen K , Walker Matthew G , Buttry Rachel , Dixon Don , Serna Javier , Stassun Keivan G , De Lee Nathan , Hernández Jesús , Nitschelm Christian , Stringfellow Guy S , Troup Nicholas W 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTWe measure rotational broadening in spectra taken by the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) survey to characterize the relationship between stellar multiplicity and rotation. We create a sample of 2786 giants and 24 496 dwarfs with stellar parameters and multiple radial velocities from the APOGEE pipeline, projected rotation speeds vsin i determined from our own pipeline, and distances, masses, and ages measured by Sanders & Das. We use the statistical distribution of the maximum shift in the radial velocities, ΔRVmax, as a proxy for the close binary fraction to explore the interplay between stellar evolution, rotation, and multiplicity. Assuming that the minimum orbital period allowed is the critical period for Roche Lobe overflow and rotational synchronization, we calculate theoretical upper limits on expected vsin i and ΔRVmax values. These expectations agree with the positive correlation between the maximum ΔRVmax and vsin i values observed in our sample as a function of log(g). We find that the fast rotators in our sample have a high occurrence of short-period [log(P/d) ≲ 4] companions. We also find that old, rapidly rotating main-sequence stars have larger completeness-corrected close binary fractions than their younger peers. Furthermore, rapidly rotating stars with large ΔRVmax consistently show differences of 1–10 Gyr between the predicted gyrochronological and measured isochronal ages. These results point towards a link between rapid rotation and close binarity through tidal interactions. We conclude that stellar rotation is strongly correlated with stellar multiplicity in the field, and caution should be taken in the application of gyrochronology relations to cool stars.
A two-zone model as origin of hard TeV spectrum in extreme BL lacs
Authors: Aguilar-Ruiz E , Fraija N , Galván-Gámez A , Benítez E 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The emission of the so-called extreme BL Lacs poses challenges to the particle acceleration models. The hardness of their spectrum, ≲ 2, in the high-energy band demands unusual parameters using the standard one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model with a deficient magnetized plasma. Some authors use either two-zone or hadronic/lepto-hadronic models to relax these atypical values. In this work, we present a lepto-hadronic two-zone model to explain the multi-wavelength observations of the six best-known extreme BL Lacs. The very-high-energy gamma-ray observations are described by the photo-hadronic processes in a blob close to the AGN core and by SSC and external inverse Compton-processes in an outer blob. The photo-hadronic interactions occur when accelerated protons in the inner blob interact with annihilation line photons from a sub-relativistic pair plasma. The X-ray observations are described by synchrotron radiation from the outer blob. The parameter values found from the description of the spectral energy distribution for each object with our phenomenological model are similar to each other, and lie in the typical range reported in BL Lacs.
WISDOM Project – X. The morphology of the molecular ISM in galaxy centres and its dependence on galaxy structure
Authors: Davis Timothy A , Gensior Jindra , Bureau Martin , Cappellari Michele , Choi Woorak , Elford Jacob S , Kruijssen J M Diederik , Lelli Federico , Liang Fu-Heng , Liu Lijie , Ruffa Ilaria , Saito Toshiki , Sarzi Marc , Schruba Andreas , Williams Thomas G 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We use high-resolution maps of the molecular interstellar medium (ISM) in the centres of 86 nearby galaxies from the millimetre-Wave Interferometric Survey of Dark Object Masses (WISDOM) and Physics at High Angular Resolution in Nearby GalaxieS (PHANGS) surveys to investigate the physical mechanisms setting the morphology of the ISM at molecular cloud scales. We show that early-type galaxies tend to have smooth, regular molecular gas morphologies, while the ISM in spiral galaxy bulges is much more asymmetric and clumpy when observed at the same spatial scales. We quantify these differences using non-parametric morphology measures (Asymmetry, Smoothness, and Gini), and compare these measurements with those extracted from idealized galaxy simulations. We show that the morphology of the molecular ISM changes systematically as a function of various large-scale galaxy parameters, including galaxy morphological type, stellar mass, stellar velocity dispersion, effective stellar mass surface density, molecular gas surface density, star formation efficiency, and the presence of a bar. We perform a statistical analysis to determine which of these correlated parameters best predicts the morphology of the ISM. We find the effective stellar mass surface (or volume) density to be the strongest predictor of the morphology of the molecular gas, while star formation and bars maybe be important secondary drivers. We find that gas self-gravity is not the dominant process shaping the morphology of the molecular gas in galaxy centres. Instead effects caused by the depth of the potential well, such as shear, suppression of stellar spiral density waves, and/or inflow, affect the ability of the gas to fragment.
Is fear of COVID-19 higher in individuals residing in more deprived areas? A nationwide study
Authors: Kim Woorim , Lee Soon Young , Ju Yeong Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the association between various types of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related fear and the level of area deprivation in Korea.MethodsDifferent types of COVID-19-related fear were examined, namely fear of infection, fear of dying from infection, fear of public criticism, fear of a family member getting infected and fear of economic loss. The level of area deprivation was measured based on the Area Deprivation Index, which was calculated based on population census data. The association between various types of COVID-19-related fear and the level of area deprivation was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsThis study included 199 859 individuals from the 253 administrative divisions in South Korea. Findings indicated that fear was most common in individuals residing in the most deprived areas, followed by those in the mediocre and least deprived areas (fear of infection: odds ratio (OR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.09; fear of dying from infection: OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.19–1.28; fear of public criticism: OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.15–1.24; fear of a family member getting infected: OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.07–1.18).ConclusionsThe findings suggest the need to monitor and account for area deprivation in managing the psychological health effects of the COVID-19 crisis.
Institutionalizing public engagement in research and innovation: Toward the construction of institutional entrepreneurial collectives
Authors: Cohen Joshua B 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the past decades we have seen increased policy discourse around public engagement with research and innovation. Despite this attention, the institutionalization of public engagement practices still appears rather limited, leading to a recent systemic turn in public engagement with science studies. Still missing in this systemic turn is a pragmatist and new institutionalist framework that can support research into how public engagement practices may enact or transform the research and innovation system. This article presents such a framework to help untangle how existing (in)formal institutions and materialities influence public engagement with research and innovation. To illustrate its utility, the framework is tentatively applied to engagement in the British research funding context. This application informs further development of the framework, including recommendations for (action) research into the construction of collectives of institutional entrepreneurs (institutional entrepreneurial collectives) that may support further institutionalization of public engagement in the research and innovation system.
Clinical polysomnographic methods for estimating pharyngeal collapsibility in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Vena Daniel , Taranto-Montemurro Luigi , Azarbarzin Ali , Op de Beeck Sara , Marques Melania , Vanderveken Olivier M , Edwards Bradley A , Gell Laura , Calianese Nicole , Hess Lauren B , Radmand Reza , Hamilton Garun S , Joosten Simon A , Verbraecken Johan , Braem Marc , White David P , Redline Susan , Sands Scott A , Wellman Andrew 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
Obstructive sleep apnea has major health consequences but is challenging to treat. For many therapies, efficacy is determined by the severity of underlying pharyngeal collapsibility, yet there is no accepted clinical means to measure it. Here, we provide insight into which polysomnographic surrogate measures of collapsibility are valid, applicable across the population, and predictive of therapeutic outcomes.

Methods
Seven promising polysomnography-derived surrogate collapsibility candidates were evaluated: Vpassive (flow at eupneic ventilatory drive), Vmin (ventilation at nadir drive), event depth (depth of the average respiratory event), oxygen desaturation slope and mean oxygen desaturation (events-related averages), Fhypopneas (fraction of events scored as hypopneas), and apnea index. Evaluation included (1) validation by comparison to physiological gold-standard collapsibility values (critical closing pressure, Pcrit), (2) capacity to detect increased collapsibility with older age, male sex, and obesity in a large community-based cohort (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, MESA), and (3) prediction of treatment efficacy (oral appliances and pharmacological pharyngeal muscle stimulation using atomoxetine-plus-oxybutynin).

Results
Pcrit was significantly correlated with Vmin (r = −0.54), event depth (r = 0.49), Vpassive (r = −0.38), Fhypopneas (r = −0.46), and apnea index (r = −0.46; all p &lt; .01) but not others. All measures detected greater collapsibility with male sex, age, and obesity, except Fhypopneas and apnea index which were not associated with obesity. Fhypopneas and apnea index were associated with oral appliance and atomoxetine-plus-oxybutynin efficacy (both p &lt; .05).

Conclusions
Among several candidates, event depth, Fhypopneas, and apnea index were identified as preferred pharyngeal collapsibility surrogates for use in the clinical arena.
The safety of glucocorticoids in the treatment of inflammatory rheumatic disease: new evidence
Authors: Luís Mariana , Boers Maarten , Saag Ken , Buttgereit Frank , da Silva José A.P. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of review
Glucocorticoids justifiably remain a cornerstone in the treatment of many inflammatory rheumatic diseases but many are opposed to their use because of the side effects, most of them known to be dose-dependent. Most concerns regarding glucocorticoids stem from observational studies which are affected by several forms of bias, mainly confounding by indication, that may result in overestimation of harm. Solid evidence regarding the safety of low-dose glucocorticoids remains remarkably scarce.

Recent findings
Several observational studies showed heterogeneous results and two 6-month trials showed no increase of harm. The GLORIA trial of 5 mg/day prednisolone vs. placebo in patients aged 65+ is the first randomized control trial with glucocorticoids safety as coprimary outcome. The benefits of glucocorticoids in terms of symptoms and structural damage were confirmed, but the proportion of patients with at least one adverse event of special interest (serious or glucocorticoids-related) was increased by 24%, mostly due to nonsevere infections.

Summary
Based on current evidence the benefit–risk balance of low-dose glucocorticoids in rheumatoid arthritis, and probably in other rheumatic diseases is generally favourable. Physicians should be aware of the risks and mitigate them, but avoid the negative effects of unfounded fear.
IS CATARACT SURGERY SAFE IN PATIENTS WITH STELLATE NONHEREDITARY IDIOPATHIC FOVEOMACULAR RETINOSCHISIS?
Authors: Aziria Ahmed , Rousseau Antoine , Barreau Emmanuel , Labetoulle Marc 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
To assess the retinal modifications after cataract surgery in a patient presenting with stellate nonhereditary idiopathic foveomacular retinoschisis.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of the evolution of retinal status in a 64-year-old patient with unilateral stellate nonhereditary idiopathic foveomacular retinoschisis who underwent cataract surgery in the affected eye.

Results:
Visual acuity improved after surgery, reaching back the level described by the patient before the cataract onset, whereas fundus retinographies and optical coherence tomographies were stable at one month after surgery, compared with the preoperative images.

Discussion:
This first case-report of the evolution of stellate nonhereditary idiopathic foveomacular retinoschisis after cataract surgery suggests that this retinal condition is not modified by the surgical procedure, which however needs to confirmed by larger cohorts.
Bilateral Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Distinct Phenotype Entity
Authors: Elias Thaís Gomes Abrahão , Monsanto Rafael da Costa , Jean Line-Dore Saint , de Souza Lucas Sonzzini Ribeiro , Penido Norma de Oliveira 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
To investigate the clinical phenotype and hearing prognosis of patients with unilateral and bilateral (simultaneous and nonsimultaneous) sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort.

Setting:
Otology outpatient clinic of a tertiary university hospital.

Patients:
Three hundred eighty-five medical records from patients with SSNHL.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Comparison of demographic, clinical, and audiometric (pretreatment and posttreatment) data of patients with unilateral and bilateral SSNHL.

Results:
Our final analysis comprised of 239 medical records of patients with SSNHL. Most patients had unilateral SSNHL (186, 77.82%). We identified a potential underlying cause for the SSNHL in 105 (43.9%) of the cases, being more frequent in cases of bilateral simultaneous SSNHL (100%) as compared with unilateral (45.6%) and nonsimultaneous bilateral SSNHL (22.7%). Cases of simultaneous bilateral SSNHL presented more frequently with severe or profound hearing loss (89%; unilateral SSNHL 50.5%; nonsimultaneous bilateral SSNL, 59.1%) and had a significantly worse hearing recovery prognosis as compared with unilateral or nonsimultaneous bilateral SSNHL (p = 0.002).

Conclusion:
We observed a high heterogeneity of clinical presentations of SSNHL, the most common being unilateral SSNHL. Our results demonstrate that the clinical and audiological prognosis of simultaneous bilateral SSNHL differed significantly from unilateral and nonsimultaneous bilateral SSNHL, suggesting that simultaneous cases of bilateral SSNHL may be a part of a different disease process. The presence of a simultaneous, bilateral SSNHL indicates the need to investigate the presence of an underlying systemic disease.
Surgical Approach for Rapid and Minimally Traumatic Recovery of Human Inner Ear Tissues From Deceased Organ Donors
Authors: Vaisbuch Yona , Hosseini Davood K. , Wagner Andreas , Hirt Bernhard , Mueller Marcus , Ponnusamy Ravikumar , Heller Stefan , Cheng Alan G. , Löwenheim Hubert , Aaron Ksenia A. 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
To develop a surgical approach for rapid and minimally traumatic recovery of inner ear tissue from human organ and tissue donors to provide fresh tissue for use in inner ear research.

Study Design:
Exploration of novel surgical methodology and evaluation of the steps necessary for obtaining specimens from donors during the procurement of organs for transplantation.

Setting:
Donor procurement locations across multiple local hospitals and tissue processing at the microsurgical temporal bone laboratory.

Patients Tissue Source:
Human organ and tissue donors.

Interventions:
Dissection and procurement of the inner ear tissue.

Main Outcome Measures:
Development of rapid and minimally traumatic inner ear tissue recovery. Primarily, establishing an efficient process which includes collaboration with transplant network, implementing a consent protocol, developing and training an on-call recovery team, and designing a portable surgical kit suitable for use in a variety of settings.

Results:
The extraction procedure is described in three consecutive steps: the trans-canal exposure, the approach to the vestibule with extraction of the vestibular organs; and the approach to extract inner ear tissues from the cochlear duct.

Conclusions:
Organ and tissue donors are a promising and underutilized resource of inner ear organs for purposes of research and future translational studies. Using our modified technique through the trans-canal/trans-otic approach, we were able to extract tissues of the vestibular and auditory end organs in a timely manner.
Clinician Satisfaction With Advanced Clinical Decision Support to Reduce the Risk of Torsades de Pointes
Authors: Gallo Tyler , Heise Craig William , Woosley Raymond L. , Tisdale James E. , Antonescu Corneliu C. , Gephart Sheila M. , Malone Daniel C. 
Published: March 2022

Objectives
Clinical decision support (CDS) can potentially help clinicians identify and manage patients who are at risk for torsades de pointes (TdP). However, computer alerts are often ignored and might contribute to alert fatigue. The goals of this project were to create an advanced TdP CDS advisory that presents patient-specific, relevant information, including 1-click management options, and to determine clinician satisfaction with the CDS.

Methods
The advanced TdP CDS was developed and implemented across a health system comprising 29 hospitals. The advisory presents patient-specific information including relevant risk factors, laboratory values, and 1-click options to help manage the condition in high-risk patients. A short electronic survey was created to gather clinician feedback on the advisory.

Results
After implementation, an email invitation to complete the anonymous advisory-related survey was sent to 442 clinicians who received the advisory. Among the 38 respondents, feedback was generally positive, with 79% of respondents reporting that the advisory helps them care for their patients and 87% responding that alternative actions for them to consider were clearly specified. However, 46% of respondents indicated the alert appeared too frequently.

Conclusions
Advanced TdP risk CDS that provides relevant, patient-specific information and 1-click management options can be generally viewed favorably by clinicians who receive the advisory.
Imaging of Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound
Authors: Lee Sandy C. , Tchelepi Hisham , Khadem Nasim , Desai Bhushan , Yamashita Mary , Hovanessian-Larsen Linda 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is a promising noninvasive imaging technique for evaluating benign and malignant breast lesions, as contrast provides information about perfusion and microvasculature. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is currently off-label use in the breast in the United States, but its clinical and investigational use in breast imaging is gaining popularity. It is important for radiologists to be familiar with the imaging appearances of benign and malignant breast masses using contrast-enhanced ultrasound. This pictorial essay illustrates enhancement patterns of various breast masses from our own experience. Pathologies include subtypes of invasive breast cancer, fibroadenomas, papillary lesions, fibrocystic change, and inflammatory processes. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound pitfalls and limitations are discussed.
What Did the Historical Chinese Beauties Look Like? An Analysis of Portrait and Biography of 100 Beauties (百美新咏圖傳, 1792)
Authors: Hwang Kun , Wu Xiajing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
The aim of this study was to elucidate the appearance of historical Chinese beauties by analyzing Portrait and Biography of 100 Beauties (1792).
The 103 women who appear in this work were categorized as historical or mythological figures, and the reason for their inclusion was classified as beauty, talent, or both. Descriptions of beauties were classified as general literary descriptions or specific descriptions of their appearance.
Among them, 42.7% were depicted as both beautiful and talented, while 42.7% were only described as beautiful. The remainder were included because of their talent only. Almost four-fifths (78.6%) were described as chaste, while the remaining one-fifth (21.4%) were presented as licentious. About half (48.5%) were queen consorts, princesses, imperial concubines, or palace women. Courtesans and singing girls (17.5%) and concubines of influential officials and scholars (16.5%) followed. Forty-six women had specific descriptions of their appearance, most often of their face (33.5%), followed by their body (16.5%), manners (7.3%), fragrance (4.3%), and clothes (2.4%). The most frequent descriptions of specific attributes were found for the hair (7.4%), eyebrows (6.7%), eyes (5.5%), skin (5.5%), and body shape (4.9%). Among the 114 talents possessed by 59 beauties, the most celebrated talents were entertaining skills (42.1%), followed by literary skills (27.2%), and intelligence (21.1%). Three women were included owing to their make-up skills. Chaste beauties were depicted as more likely to have a happy fate than licentious beauties (OR: 16.8, P < 0.01).
This analysis might be helpful for understanding the concept of beauty throughout Chinese history.