bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
tRNA‐derived fragments as new players in regulatory processes in yeast
Authors: Tyczewska Agata , Grzywacz Kamilla 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFor a very long time, RNA molecules were treated as transistory molecules, by which the genetic information flows from DNA to proteins; the model proposed in the 1960s accepted that proteins are both the products and the regulators of gene expression. Since then, thousands of reports proved that RNAs should be thought about as the factors that do control gene expression. The pervasive transcription has been reported in many eukaryotic organisms, illustrating a highly interwoven transcriptome organization that includes hundreds of previously unknown noncoding RNAs. The key roles of noncoding RNAs (microRNAs and small interfering RNAs) in gene expression regulation are no longer surprising, as are new classes of noncoding RNAs constantly being discovered. Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are the second most abundant type of RNAs in the cell. Advances in high‐throughput sequencing technologies exposed the existence of functional, regulatory tRNA‐derived RNA fragments (tRFs), generated from precursor and mature tRNAs. These tRF molecules have been found to play central roles during stress and different pathological conditions. Herein, we present the critical assessment of the discoveries made in the field of tRNA‐derived fragments in the past 15 years in various pathogenic and nonpathogenic yeast species.
The Scientific Study of Positive Emotions and Religion/Spirituality
Authors: Van Cappellen Patty , Zhang Ruixi , Fredrickson Barbara L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter considers the role of positive emotions in religion/spirituality. We begin by reviewing key conceptual frameworks of positive emotions (e.g., Broaden-and-Build Theory of Positive Emotions) while focusing on self-transcendent positive emotions such as awe, gratitude, love, and compassion. We then review scientific research on the bidirectional relationship between religion/spirituality and positive emotions. First, we examine various pathways through which religion/spirituality promotes the experience of positive emotions. For example, research has shown that religion/spirituality is related to specific valued emotions and particular emotion-regulation strategies. In addition, religious/spiritual (R/S) practices provide the opportunity to experience positive emotions, partly through emotional embodiment. Second, we propose four effects of positive emotions related to religion/spirituality. Positive emotions support R/S beliefs, and when they are felt during R/S practices, they function as promoters of well-being, prosocial intentions and behaviors, and continued R/S practices (the Upward Spiral Theory of Sustained Religious Practice). We close by offering some applications of these findings for mental health practitioners, religious leaders, and religiously/spiritually oriented people.
Integrating Positive Psychology, Religion/Spirituality, and a Virtue Focus Within Culturally Responsive Mental Healthcare
Authors: Captari Laura E. , Sandage Steven J. , Vandiver Richard A. , Jankowski Peter J. , Hook Joshua N. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough both positive psychology and religious/spiritual traditions share a common focus on human strengths and holistic development, in mental healthcare, there has been little systematic integration of these fields. In this chapter, we overview key terms and synthesize meta-analytic evidence for spiritually integrated interventions (SIIs), positive psychology interventions (PPIs), and virtue-based interventions (VBIs). Through the lens of virtue ethics, we propose that growth in virtuousness fosters flourishing, which consists of more than the absence of psychological distress and includes greater well-being, meaning in life, relational maturity, and community contribution. We detail a research prospectus guided by virtue ethics to support the development of an integrated line of applied clinical research. In particular, we call for practice-based studies that attend to diversity and equity considerations and address reductionistic misapplications of virtue (which we call virtue bypass). Finally, we discuss innovative clinical and community applications, including the utility of a dialectical and contextual perspective, the need to consider both individual and communal flourishing, and the potential for communities as intervention sites.
Successive National Policy Models
Authors: Jennissen Roel , Bovens Mark , Engbersen Godfried , Bokhorst Meike 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHow can the government manage the arrival of large numbers of very different immigrants? Before addressing this question in the next chapter, here we first analyse how Dutch integration policy has developed since 1960. A number of national policy models have been introduced during this period, but for different reasons none is able to deal adequately with contemporary patterns of migration and integration.
Better Local Reception and Civic Integration
Authors: Jennissen Roel , Bovens Mark , Engbersen Godfried , Bokhorst Meike 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEach year a wide variety of immigrants arrive in the Netherlands, from all parts of the world. Some move on after a short time, others shuttle back and forth to their homeland and others still stay permanently. All these new residents make a home somewhere in the country. For most labour migrants, that is a free choice. Family migrants usually move in with a partner, and asylum migrants are assigned permanent accommodation in a particular municipality once they have been granted official refugee status. For all, however, the local government is the primary authority charged with helping them find their way in Dutch society.
BBN photodisintegration constraints on gravitationally produced vector bosons
Authors: Fong Chee Sheng , Rahat Moinul Hossain , Saad Shaikh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Gravitational production of massive particles due to cosmic expansion can be significant during the inflationary and reheating period of the Universe. If the particle also has non-gravitational interactions that do not significantly affect its production, numerous observational probes open up, including cosmological probes. In this work, we focus on the gravitational production of light vector bosons that couple feebly to the Standard Model (SM) particles. Due to the very feeble coupling, the light vector bosons never reach thermal equilibrium, and if the Hubble scale at the end of inflation is above 108 GeV, the gravitational production can overwhelm the thermal production via the freeze-in mechanism by many orders of magnitude. As a result, much stronger constraints from the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) can be placed on the lifetime and mass of the vector bosons compared to the scenario where only thermal production is considered. As an example, we study the sub-GeV scale dark photons, which couple to the SM only through kinetic mixing, and derive constraints on the mass and kinetic mixing parameter of the dark photon from the photodisintegration effects on the light element abundances relevant at the end of the BBN when the cosmic age was around 104 s.
Magnetic charges and Wald entropy
Authors: Ortín Tomás , Pereñíguez David 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Using Wald’s formalism, we study the thermodynamics (first laws and Smarr formulae) of asymptotically-flat black holes, rings etc. in a higher-dimensional higher-rank generalization of the Einstein-Maxwell theory. We show how to deal with the electric and magnetic charges of the objects and how the electric-magnetic duality properties of the theory are realized in their thermodynamics.
String junctions suspended between giants
Authors: Berenstein David , Holguin Adolfo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We construct (p, q) string junction solutions suspended between both sphere and AdS giant gravitons in AdS5 × S5. Our results extend easily to more general half BPS geometries of LLM type. These carry angular momentum in the directions of the worldvolume of the giant gravitons. We argue that these are charged under a central extension of the supersymmetry algebra similar to the one that has appeared in the works of Beisert for the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 spin chain. We also argue that they are BPS with respect to this central extension. We show that apart from some kinematical details, the junctions end up solving the same minimization problem that appears in the Coulomb branch of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM. Their mass and shape is independent of the angular momentum Q that the junction carries.
Holographic solar systems and hydrogen atoms: non-relativistic physics in AdS and its CFT dual
Authors: Maxfield Henry , Zahraee Zahra 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We study a non-relativistic limit of physics in AdS which retains the curvature through a harmonic Newtonian potential. This limit appears in a CFT dual through the spectrum of operators of large dimension and correlation functions of those operators with appropriate kinematics. In an additional flat spacetime limit, the spectrum is determined by scattering phase shifts (proportional to anomalous dimensions), and a CFT correlation function is proportional to the S-matrix. In particular, we describe the effect of resonances on the spectrum and correlation functions. As an example, we discuss the Coulomb potential (describing solar systems and hydrogen atoms in AdS) in detail.
On refined Chern-Simons/topological string duality for classical gauge groups
Authors: Avetisyan M. Y. , Mkrtchyan R. L. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We present the partition function of the refined Chern-Simons theory on S3 with arbitrary A, B, C, D gauge algebra in terms of multiple sine functions. For B and C cases this representation is novel. It allows us to conjecture duality to some refined and orientifolded versions of the topological string on the resolved conifold, and carry out the detailed identification of different contributions. The free energies for D and C algebras possess the usual halved contribution from the A theory, i.e. orientable surfaces, and contributions of non-orientable surfaces with one cross-cup, with opposite signs, similar as for the non-refined theories. However, in the refined case, both theories possess in addition a non-zero contribution of orientable surfaces with two cross-cups. In particular, we observe a trebling of the Kähler parameter, in the sense of a refinement and world-sheet (i.e. the number of cross-cups) dependent quantum shift. For B algebra the contribution of Klein bottles is zero, as is the case in the non-refined theory, and the one-cross-cup terms differ from the D and C cases. For the (refined) constant maps terms of these theories we suggest a modular-invariant representation, which leads to natural topological string interpretation. We also calculate some non-perturbative corrections.
Inhibition of KDM5A attenuates cisplatin-induced hearing loss via regulation of the MAPK/AKT pathway
Authors: Liu Chang , Zheng Zhiwei , Li Wen , Tang Dongmei , Zhao Liping , He Yingzi , Li Huawei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate the potential role of lysine-specific demethylase 5A (KDM5A) in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. The effect of the KDM5A inhibitor CPI-455 was assessed by apoptosis assay, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, seahorse respirometry assay, and auditory brainstem response test. RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR, and CUT&Tag assays were used to explore the mechanism underlying CPI-455-induced protection. Our results demonstrated that the expression of KDM5A was increased in cisplatin-injured cochlear hair cells compared with controls. CPI-455 treatment markedly declined KDM5A and elevated H3K4 trimethylation levels in cisplatin-injured cochlear hair cells. Moreover, CPI-455 effectively prevented the death of hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons and increased the number of ribbon synapses in a cisplatin-induced ototoxicity mouse model both in vitro and in vivo. In HEI-OC1 cells, KDM5A knockdown reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation and improved mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative phosphorylation under cisplatin-induced stress. Mechanistically, through transcriptomics and epigenomics analyses, a set of apoptosis-related genes, including Sos1, Sos2, and Map3k3, were regulated by CPI-455. Altogether, our findings indicate that inhibition of KDM5A may represent an effective epigenetic therapeutic target for preventing cisplatin-induced hearing loss.
Favorable long-term clinical and radiologic outcomes with high survivorship after autologous osteochondral transplantation of the talus
Authors: Winkler Philipp W. , Geyer Stephanie , Walzl Daniela , Woertler Klaus , Paul Jochen , Siebenlist Sebastian , Imhoff Andreas B. , Achtnich Andrea 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate long-term clinical and radiologic outcomes of patients undergoing autologous osteochondral transplantation (AOT) for osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) and to perform a correlation analysis between clinical and radiologic outcomes.

Methods
Thirty-five patients with a mean age of 32.2 ± 8.9 years undergoing AOT for OLT between 1997 and 2003 were available for follow-up after an average of 19.1 ± 1.4 years. Demographic, surgical, and injury-related data were collected. After a minimum 18-year follow-up, patient-reported outcome scores (PROs) were collected, including the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), Tegner Activity Scale, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain of the ankle. The Lysholm Score and VAS for pain of the knee were collected to assess donor-site morbidity. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained to conduct an assessment of the replaced cartilage using the Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) 2.0 scoring system. Any revision surgery (except symptomatic hardware removal and arthroscopic debridement) was defined as clinical failure.

Results
Favorable clinical and radiologic (MOCART score, 73.7 ± 16.7 points) outcomes without any donor-site morbidities were observed. Twenty-three (65.7%) patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the surgical treatment. Fourteen (40.0%) and 25 (71.4%) patients had no or minor limitations in their athletic and working performance, respectively. A significant correlation between the MOCART and the FAOS Sport and Recreational activities subscale was found (rs, 0.491; p = 0.033). Six (17.1%) patients met the criteria for clinical failure an average of 12.2 ± 6.6 years after AOT. Survival analysis demonstrated a mean estimated time of survival of 21.3 years (95% CI [19.55, 22.96]) and a 20-year survival rate of 77.9%.

Conclusion
Autologous osteochondral transplantation to treat OLT achieves high patient satisfaction and favorable PROs with a 20-year survival rate of almost 80%. Given the high clinical efficacy of AOT, this procedure can be recommended as a safe and promising technique for the long-term therapy of OLT.

Level of evidence
Level IV.
Counterexample to the Laptev–Safronov Conjecture
Authors: Bögli Sabine , Cuenin Jean-Claude 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLaptev and Safronov (Commun Math Phys 292(1):29–54, 2009) conjectured an inequality between the magnitude of eigenvalues of a non-self-adjoint Schrödinger operator on $$\mathbb {R}^d$$

R

d

, $$d\ge 2$$

d
≥
2

, and an $$L^q$$

L
q

norm of the potential, for any $$q\in [d/2,d]$$

q
∈
[
d
/
2
,
d
]

. Frank (Bull Lond Math Soc 43(4):745–750, 2011) proved that the conjecture is true for $$q\in [d/2,(d+1)/2]$$

q
∈
[
d
/
2
,
(
d
+
1
)
/
2
]

. We construct a counterexample that disproves the conjecture in the remaining range $$q\in ((d+1)/2,d]$$

q
∈
(
(
d
+
1
)
/
2
,
d
]

. As a corollary of our main result we show that, for any $$q>(d+1)/2$$

q
>
(
d
+
1
)
/
2

, there is a complex potential in $$L^q\cap L^{\infty }$$

L
q

∩

L
∞

such that the discrete eigenvalues of the corresponding Schrödinger operator accumulate at every point in $$[0,\infty )$$

[
0
,
∞
)

. In some sense, our counterexample is the Schrödinger operator analogue of the ubiquitous Knapp example in Harmonic Analysis. We also show that it is adaptable to a larger class of Schrödinger type (pseudodifferential) operators, and we prove corresponding sharp upper bounds.
Intraorbital findings in giant cell arteritis on black blood MRI
Authors: Guggenberger Konstanze V. , Vogt Marius L. , Song Jae W. , Weng Andreas M. , Fröhlich Matthias , Schmalzing Marc , Venhoff Nils , Hillenkamp Jost , Pham Mirko , Meckel Stephan , Bley Thorsten A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective
Blindness is a feared complication of giant cell arteritis (GCA). However, the spectrum of pathologic orbital imaging findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in GCA is not well understood. In this study, we assess inflammatory changes of intraorbital structures on black blood MRI (BB-MRI) in patients with GCA compared to age-matched controls.

Methods
In this multicenter case-control study, 106 subjects underwent BB-MRI. Fifty-six patients with clinically or histologically diagnosed GCA and 50 age-matched controls without clinical or laboratory evidence of vasculitis were included. All individuals were imaged on a 3-T MR scanner with a post-contrast compressed-sensing (CS) T1-weighted sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts using different flip angle evolution (SPACE) BB-MRI sequence. Imaging results were correlated with available clinical symptoms.

Results
Eighteen of 56 GCA patients (32%) showed inflammatory changes of at least one of the intraorbital structures. The most common finding was enhancement of at least one of the optic nerve sheaths (N = 13, 72%). Vessel wall enhancement of the ophthalmic artery was unilateral in 8 and bilateral in 3 patients. Enhancement of the optic nerve was observed in one patient. There was no significant correlation between imaging features of inflammation and clinically reported orbital symptoms (p = 0.10). None of the age-matched control patients showed any inflammatory changes of intraorbital structures.

Conclusions
BB-MRI revealed inflammatory findings in the orbits in up to 32% of patients with GCA. Optic nerve sheath enhancement was the most common intraorbital inflammatory change on BB-MRI. MRI findings were independent of clinically reported orbital symptoms.

Key Points
• Up to 32% of GCA patients shows signs of inflammation of intraorbital structures on BB-MRI.
• Enhancement of the optic nerve sheath is the most common intraorbital finding in GCA patients on BB-MRI.
• Features of inflammation of intraorbital structures are independent of clinically reported symptoms.
Organic nitrogen fertilization benefits selected soil fauna in global agroecosystems
Authors: Betancur-Corredor Bibiana , Lang Birgit , Russell David J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSoil fauna plays an essential role in agricultural productivity as it mediates nutrient cycling and soil organic matter dynamics, alters soil physicochemical properties and supports plant growth. Nitrogen fertilization may have a positive or negative influence on soil fauna in a manner that alters ecosystem functioning, but these links have not yet been quantified. We present the results of a global meta-analysis of available literature data on the effects of N fertilization on taxonomic and ecological groups of soil fauna. Our results show that organic N fertilization increases the density of springtails, mites and earthworms, as well as the biomass of earthworms compared to when no fertilizer is applied. The meta-analysis for different nematode feeding groups and ecological categories of springtails and earthworms as well as different mite orders showed that organic fertilization has an overall positive effect on most groups as opposed to inorganic fertilization, which has neutral or negative effects on most groups, alone or in combination with organic fertilizers. Additional meta-analyses showed that the effects of N fertilization on soil fauna depend on the N application rate, on soil texture and on climatic conditions. Our findings suggest that the adoption of less intense farming practices such as organic fertilization combined with site-specific N fertilization regimes is a suitable strategy for protecting and enhancing functional communities of soil fauna.
Enterocytozoon bieneusi in fecal samples from calves and cows in Austria
Authors: Lichtmannsperger Katharina , Harl Josef , Roehl Sarah Rosa , Schoiswohl Julia , Eibl Cassandra , Wittek Thomas , Hinney Barbara , Wiedermann Sandra , Joachim Anja 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Enterocytozoon bieneusi is an obligate intracellular pathogen that infects livestock, companion animals, and wildlife and has the potential to cause severe diarrhea especially in immunocompromised humans. In the underlying study, fecal samples from 177 calves with diarrhea and 174 adult cows originating from 70 and 18 farms, respectively, in Austria were examined for the presence of E. bieneusi by polymerase chain reaction targeting the Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) region. All positive samples were further sequenced for genotype determination. Overall, sixteen of the 351 (4.6%) samples were positive for E. bieneusi, two of the 174 samples from cows (1.2%) and 14 of the 177 samples from calves (7.9%). In total, four genotypes, J (n = 2), I (n = 12), BEB4 (n = 3), and BEB8 (n = 1), were identified. The uncorrected p-distance between the four ITS1 lineages (344 bp) ranges from 0.3% to 2.9%. The lineages differ by 1 bp (I and J), 2 bp (J and BEB4), and 3 bp (I and BEB4), respectively, and BEB8 differs by 7 to 10 bp from the latter three lineages. Two of the E. bieneusi-positive calves showed an infection with two different genotypes. E. bieneusi occurred significantly more often in calves > 3 weeks (8/59) than in calves ≤ 3 weeks (6/118), respectively (p = 0.049). Calves with a known history of antimicrobial treatment (50 of 177 calves) shed E. bieneusi significantly more often than untreated calves (p = 0.012). There was no statistically significant difference in E. bieneusi shedding in calves with or without a medical history of antiparasitic treatment (p = 0.881). Calves showing a co-infection with Eimeria spp. shed E. bieneusi significantly more often than uninfected calves (p = 0.003). To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. bieneusi in cattle in Austria. Cattle should be considered as a reservoir for human infection since potentially zoonotic E. bieneusi genotypes were detected.