bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Affective domain predictors of PharmD student pursuit of and successful matching for postgraduate pharmacy residency training
Authors: Oswald Madison , Maxwell Whitney D , Fierke Kerry K , Griffith Nicole , Davis Sarah Elizabeth , Catchings Erin , Worrall Cathy L , Grant Amy D , Magagnoli Joe , Bookstaver P Brandon 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Purpose
A study was conducted to identify significant associations between affective domain (AD) features identified using the Birkman Method assessment and students’ likelihood to pursue and to successfully match for postgraduate residency training (PGRT), while controlling for demographic and academic variables known to impact PGRT match rates.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of 3 graduating classes of PharmD students from 2 colleges of pharmacy was performed. Data points such as PGRT match results, PGRT pursuit, student demographics, academic performance information, and AD data from the Birkman assessment were analyzed. Regression analysis was used to identify statistically significant associations between demographic, academic performance, and AD variables with both pursuit of PGRT and successful matching for PGRT.

Results
Data from 503 students were evaluated, with 211 (42%) pursuing PGRT. A variety of AD variables were significantly associated with pursuing PGRT and matching for PGRT. Two groups of actionable variables emerged: (1) variables associated with a lesser likelihood of pursuing PGRT but a greater likelihood of successful matching, and (2) variables associated with a greater likelihood of pursuing PGRT and a lesser likelihood of successful matching.

Conclusion
Early identification of students’ AD features along with specific interventions to promote PGRT pursuit in those less likely to pursue but more likely to match, as well as interventions to promote successful matching in students most likely to pursue but less likely to match for PGRT, is a strategy for possibly optimizing PharmD student career path planning and PGRT match success that merits further evaluation.
The Influence of Cerebrovascular Pathology on Cluster Analysis of Neuropsychological Scores in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Romero Kristoffer , Ladyka-Wojcik Natalia , Heir Arjan , Bellana Buddhika , Leach Larry , Proulx Guy B 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The diagnostic entity of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is heterogeneous, highlighting the need for data-driven classification approaches to identify patient subgroups. However, these approaches can be strongly determined by sample characteristics and selected measures. Here, we applied a cluster analysis to an MCI patient database from a neuropsychology clinic to determine whether the inclusion of patients with MCI with vascular pathology would result in a different classification of subgroups.

Methods
Participants diagnosed with MCI (n = 166), vascular cognitive impairment—no dementia (n = 26), and a group of older adults with subjective cognitive concerns but no objective impairment (n = 144) were assessed using a full neuropsychological battery and other clinical measures. Cognitive measures were analyzed using a hierarchical cluster analysis and then a k-means approach, with resulting clusters compared on a range of demographic and clinical variables.

Results
We found a 4-factor solution: a cognitively intact cluster, a globally impaired cluster, an amnestic/visuospatial impairment cluster, and a mild, mixed-domain cluster. Interestingly, group differences in self-reported multilingualism emerged in the derived clusters that were not observed when comparing diagnostic groups.

Conclusions
Our results were generally consistent with previous studies using cluster analysis in MCI. Including patients with primarily cerebrovascular disease resulted in subtle differences in the derived clusters and revealed new insights into shared cognitive profiles of patients beyond diagnostic categories. These profiles should be further explored to develop individualized assessment and treatment approaches.
The Impact of Universal Glove and Gown Use on Clostridioides Difficile Acquisition: A Cluster-Randomized Trial
Authors: Morgan Daniel J , Dubberke Erik R , Hink Tiffany , Paszkiewicz Gwen , Burnham Carey-Ann D , Pineles Lisa , Magder Larry , Johnson J Kristie , Leekha Surbhi , Harris Anthony D 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Clostridioides difficile is the most common cause of healthcare-associated infections in the United States. It is unknown whether universal gown and glove use in intensive care units (ICUs) decreases acquisition of C. difficile.

Methods
This was a secondary analysis of a cluster-randomized trial in 20 medical and surgical ICUs in 20 US hospitals from 4 January 2012 to 4 October 2012. After a baseline period, ICUs were randomized to standard practice for glove and gown use versus the intervention of all healthcare workers being required to wear gloves and gowns for all patient contact and when entering any patient room (contact precautions). The primary outcome was acquisition of toxigenic C. difficile determined by surveillance cultures collected on admission and discharge from the ICU.

Results
A total of 21 845 patients had both admission and discharge perianal swabs cultured for toxigenic C. difficile. On admission, 9.43% (2060/21 845) of patients were colonized with toxigenic C. difficile. No significant difference was observed in the rate of toxigenic C. difficile acquisition with universal gown and glove use. Differences in acquisition rates in the study period compared with the baseline period in control ICUs were 1.49 per 100 patient-days versus 1.68 per 100 patient-days in universal gown and glove ICUs (rate difference, −0.28; generalized linear mixed model, P = .091).

Conclusions
Glove and gown use for all patient contact in medical and surgical ICUs did not result in a reduction in the acquisition of C. difficile compared with usual care.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT01318213.
PHILM2Web: A high-throughput database of macromolecular host–pathogen interactions on the Web
Authors: Le Tuan-Dung , Nguyen Phuong D , Korkin Dmitry , Thieu Thanh 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
During infection, the pathogen’s entry into the host organism, breaching the host immune defense, spread and multiplication are frequently mediated by multiple interactions between the host and pathogen proteins. Systematic studying of host–pathogen interactions (HPIs) is a challenging task for both experimental and computational approaches and is critically dependent on the previously obtained knowledge about these interactions found in the biomedical literature. While several HPI databases exist that manually filter HPI protein–protein interactions from the generic databases and curated experimental interactomic studies, no comprehensive database on HPIs obtained from the biomedical literature is currently available. Here, we introduce a high-throughput literature-mining platform for extracting HPI data that includes the most comprehensive to date collection of HPIs obtained from the PubMed abstracts. Our HPI data portal, PHILM2Web (Pathogen–Host Interactions by Literature Mining on the Web), integrates an automatically generated database of interactions extracted by PHILM, our high-precision HPI literature-mining algorithm. Currently, the database contains 23 581 generic HPIs between 157 host and 403 pathogen organisms from 11 609 abstracts. The interactions were obtained from processing 608 972 PubMed abstracts, each containing mentions of at least one host and one pathogen organisms. In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we also utilized PHILM to process 25 796 PubMed abstracts obtained by the same query as the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset. This COVID-19 processing batch resulted in 257 HPIs between 19 host and 31 pathogen organisms from 167 abstracts. The access to the entire HPI dataset is available via a searchable PHILM2Web interface; scientists can also download the entire database in bulk for offline processing.
Database URL: http://philm2web.live
Contribution of Lexical Quality and Sign Language Variables to Reading Comprehension
Authors: Sehyr Zed Sevcikova , Emmorey Karen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The lexical quality hypothesis proposes that the quality of phonological, orthographic, and semantic representations impacts reading comprehension. In Study 1, we evaluated the contributions of lexical quality to reading comprehension in 97 deaf and 98 hearing adults matched for reading ability. While phonological awareness was a strong predictor for hearing readers, for deaf readers, orthographic precision and semantic knowledge, not phonology, predicted reading comprehension (assessed by two different tests). For deaf readers, the architecture of the reading system adapts by shifting reliance from (coarse-grained) phonological representations to high-quality orthographic and semantic representations. In Study 2, we examined the contribution of American Sign Language (ASL) variables to reading comprehension in 83 deaf adults. Fingerspelling (FS) and ASL comprehension skills predicted reading comprehension. We suggest that FS might reinforce orthographic-to-semantic mappings and that sign language comprehension may serve as a linguistic basis for the development of skilled reading in deaf signers.
A case report of rescue of a patient with a left ventricular free wall rupture associated with a small subtle ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Nakahara Miyuki , Takemoto Masao , Arai Yoshio , Tsuchihashi Takuya 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Left ventricular (LV) free wall ruptures (LVFWRs) of myocardial infarctions (MIs) are still one of the most fatal mechanical complications after an acute MI (AMI). LVFWRs are estimated to occur in 0.01% to 0.52% of patients following an ST-elevation MI (STEMI) and are rarely reported in the setting of a non- or subtle-ST-elevation MI.

Case summary
We herein present a report of a 92-year-old male rescue case with an LVFWR following a small subtle-STEMI. Contrast cardiac computed tomography was useful to diagnose the LVFWR. An emergent cardiac surgery was performed. Finally, the patient’s life was saved.

Discussion
This case demonstrates that even without clinical evidence of transmural infarction such as non- or subtle-STEMI, those patients may carry a risk of fatal complications including LVFWR, especially in older age and a first lateral wall AMI without collateral flow, as in this present case. Thus, the physicians should be aware of the possibility of LVFWRs even in the setting of an AMI without or with subtle-ST-elevation. High clinical suspicion and vigilance are the cornerstones of a timely and accurate diagnosis of LVFWR. This is the first report of a rescue case of a patient with an LVFWR associated with a subtle-STEMI.
Early- and mid-term outcomes following redo surgical aortic valve replacement in patients with previous transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Marin-Cuartas Mateo , Hoyer Alexandro , Naumann Stefanie , Deo Salil V , Noack Thilo , Abdel-Wahab Mohamed , Thiele Holger , Lauten Philipp , Holzhey David M , Borger Michael A , Kiefer Philipp 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to analyse the early- and mid-term outcomes after redo surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in patients with previous transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

METHODS
Retrospective single-centre analysis of early- and mid-term outcomes following redo SAVR in patients with previous TAVI between 2013 and 2020. Primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and mid-term survival.

RESULTS
During the study period, a total of 5756 patients underwent TAVI. Among them, 28 (0.5%) patients required redo SAVR after TAVI. During periods 2013–2016 and 2017–2020, 4/2184 (0.2%) patients and 24/3572 (0.7%) patients required SAVR after TAVI, respectively. The median logistic EuroSCORE was significantly higher at the time of SAVR than at the time of the index TAVI (5.9% vs 11.6%; P &lt; 0.001). The median elapsed time between TAVI and redo SAVR was 7 months (3.5–14 months). Infective endocarditis (IE) was the most frequent indication for surgery [19 (67.8%) patients]. A total of 11 (39.3%) patients underwent isolated SAVR and 17 (60.7%) SAVR + additional cardiac surgical procedures. The overall in-hospital mortality was 14.3% (4/28). In-hospital mortality was 15.8% (3/19) among IE patients and 11.1% (1/9) among non-IE patients (P = 0.7). Overall estimated survival was 66.5%, 59.9% and 48.0% at 12, 18 and 24 months, respectively. Patients with IE showed a trend towards a lower estimated mid-term survival compared to non-IE patients [41.6% (95% confidence interval: 22.0–78.0%) vs 58.3% (95% confidence interval: 30.0–100%) survival at 24 months (P = 0.3)].

CONCLUSIONS
SAVR can be successfully performed in patients with prior TAVI despite the increased surgical risk and technical difficulty. IE is associated with decreased mid-term survival.
Lifestyle and metabolic risk factors in patients with early-onset myocardial infarction: a case-control study
Authors: Wienbergen Harm , Boakye Daniel , Günther Kathrin , Schmucker Johannes , Mata Marín Luis Alberto , Kerniss Hatim , Nagrani Rajini , Struß Luise , Rühle Stephan , Retzlaff Tina , Fach Andreas , Osteresch Rico , Hambrecht Rainer , Ahrens Wolfgang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
Family history is a known risk factor for early-onset myocardial infarction (EOMI). However, the role of modifiable lifestyle and metabolic factors in EOMI risk is unclear and may differ from that of older adults.

Methods
This case-control study included myocardial infarction (MI) patients aged ≤45 years from the Bremen ST-elevation MI Registry and matched controls randomly selected from the general population (German National Cohort) at the same geographical region. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the individual and combined associations of lifestyle and metabolic factors with EOMI risk, overall and according to family history for premature MI.

Results
A total of 522 cases and 1191 controls were included. Hypertension, current smoking, elevated waist-to-hip ratio, and diabetes mellitus were strongly associated with the occurrence of EOMI. By contrast, higher frequency of alcohol consumption was associated with decreased EOMI risk. In a combined analysis of the risk factors hypertension, current smoking, body mass index ≥25.0 kg/sqm, and diabetes mellitus, participants having one (OR = 5.4, 95%CI = 2.9–10.1) and two or more risk factors (OR = 42.3, 95%CI = 22.3–80.4) had substantially higher odds of EOMI compared to those with none of these risk factors, regardless of their family history.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates a strong association of smoking and metabolic risk factors with the occurrence of EOMI. The data suggest that the risk of EOMI goes beyond family history and underlines the importance of primary prevention efforts to reduce smoking and metabolic syndrome in young persons.
A chromosome-level genome assembly of Neotoxoptera formosana (Takahashi, 1921) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Ye Shuai , Zeng Chen , Liu Jian-Feng , Wu Chen , Song Yan-Fei , Qin Yao-Guo , Yang Mao-Fa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Neotoxoptera formosana (Takahashi), the onion aphid, is an oligophagous pest that mainly feeds on plants from the Allium genus. It sucks nutrients from the plants and indirectly acts as a vector for plant viruses. This aphid causes severe economic losses to Allium tuberosum agriculture in China. To better understand the host plant specificity of N. formosana on Allium plants and provide essential information for the control of this pest, we generated the entire genome using Pacific Biosciences long-read sequencing and Hi-C data. Six chromosomes were assembled to give a final size of 372.470 Mb, with an N50 scaffold of 66.911 Mb. The final draft genome assembly, from 192 Gb of raw data, was approximately 371.791 Mb in size, with an N50 contig of 24.99 Kb and an N50 scaffold of 2.637 Mb. The average GC content was 30.96%. We identified 73 Mb (31.22%) of repetitive sequences, 14,175 protein-coding genes, and 719 noncoding RNAs. The phylogenetic analysis showed that N. formosana and Pentalonia nigronervosa are sister groups. We found significantly expanded gene families that were involved in the THAP domain, the DDE superfamily endonuclease, zinc finger, immunity (ankyrin repeats), digestive enzyme (serine carboxypeptidase) and chemosensory receptor. This genome assembly could provide a solid foundation for future studies on the host specificity of N. formosana and pesticide-resistant aphid management.
New reversible relationships between ground motion parameters and macroseismic intensity for Italy and their application in ShakeMap
Authors: Oliveti Ilaria , Faenza Licia , Michelini Alberto 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARY
We derived new, reversible relationships between macroseismic intensity (I), expressed in either the European Macroseismic (EMS-98) or the Mercalli–Cancani–Sieberg (MCS) scales and peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV) and the spectral acceleration (SA) at 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 s [SA(0.3), SA(1.0) and SA(3.0)] for Italy. We adopted the orthogonal distance regression technique to fit a quadratic function. This research aims to improve ground motion and intensity estimates for earthquake hazard applications, and for the calculation of shakemaps in Italy. To this end, the recently published INGe data set was used (https://doi.org/10.13127/inge.2). The new relations are: $$\begin{equation*} I = 3.01 \pm 0.12 + 0.86 \pm 0.04 \log ^2 \mathrm{ PGA},~\sigma = 0.30,~~\sigma _{\mathrm{ PGA}} = 0.25,~~\sigma _{I} = 0.16 \end{equation*}$$$$\begin{equation*} I = 4.31 \pm 0.15 + 1.99 \pm 0.18 \log \mathrm{ PGV} + 0.58 \pm 0.18 \log ^2 \mathrm{ PGV},~\sigma = 0.34,~~\sigma _{\mathrm{ PGV}} \\ = 0.31,~~\sigma _{I} = 0.15 \end{equation*}$$$$\begin{equation*} I = 2.77 \pm 0.15 + 0.68 \pm 0.03 \log ^2 \mathrm{ SA}(0.3),~\sigma = 0.31,~~\sigma _{\mathrm{ SA}(0.3)} = 0.28,~~\sigma _{I} = 0.14 \end{equation*}$$$$\begin{equation*} I = 3.00 \pm 0.28 + 0.91 \pm 0.55 \log \mathrm{ SA}(1.0) + 0.51 \pm 0.20 \log ^2 \mathrm{ SA}(1.0),~\sigma = 0.40,~~\sigma _{\mathrm{ SA}(1.0)} \\ = 0.38,~~\sigma _{I} = 0.14 \end{equation*}$$$$\begin{equation*} I = 4.04 \pm 0.20 + 1.63 \pm 0.19 \log \mathrm{ SA}(3.0) + 0.66 \pm 0.20 \log ^2 \mathrm{ SA}(3.0),~\sigma = 0.38,~~\sigma _{\mathrm{ SA}(3.0)} \\ = 0.35,~~\sigma _{I} = 0.14 \end{equation*}$$where PGA and SAs are expressed in cm s−2 and PGV is expressed in cm s−1. Tests performed to assess the robustness and the accuracy of the results demonstrate that adoption of quadratic relationships for this regression problem is a suitable choice within the range of values of the available data set. Comparison with similar published regressions for Italy evidences that the proposed relations provide statistically significant improved fits to the data. The new relations are also tested by inserting them in the ShakeMap system of the Italian configuration evidencing a significant improvement when compared to those implemented.
Biot-spherical squirt (BISSQ) model for wave attenuation and dispersion
Authors: Chen Yu , Zong Zhaoyun , Zhu Hejun 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYIt has been widely recognized that seismic attenuation and dispersion can be induced by various mechanisms. Wave induced fluid flow (WIFF) is one of the popular mechanisms to interpret seismic wave attenuation and dispersion, especially at microscopic scale. In this study, we focus on the local flow induced by different compliances of adjacent pores and develop a unified model called BISSQ (Biot-spherical squirt) model based upon the Biot and spherical squirt flow theories. The proposed model is an extension of BISQ (Biot-squirt) model. The P-wave velocity and attenuation of BISSQ model are influenced by two mechanisms: the Biot and spherical squirt-flow mechanisms. To evaluate the impact of these two mechanisms on seismic wave propagation, we use different parameters (e.g. squirt flow length, fluid viscosity, permeability, saturation and so on) to simulate wave attenuation and dispersion. We then apply the proposed model to Fox Hills Sandstone, which shows that the model can realistically predict P-wave velocity dispersion. To sum up, our proposed model offers an alternative squirt flow attenuation mechanism, which can describe fluid state of squirt flow reasonably and help us to assess the effect of different parameters on seismic wave attenuation.
Crustal and uppermost mantle structure of Cape Verde from ambient noise tomography
Authors: Carvalho J , Silveira G , Kiselev S , Custódio S , Ramalho R S , Stutzmann E , Schimmel M 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYWe present a seismic ambient noise tomography of the Cape Verde archipelago, located in the Atlantic Ocean, approximately 600 km west of Senegal. We used 38 seismic broad-band stations that continuously recorded for 10 months, in order to construct the first 3-D model of Sv-wave velocities for the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the Cape Verde region. We started by computing phase cross-correlations for vertical component recordings using all possible inter-island station pairs. Next, a time–frequency phase-weighted stack was applied to obtain robust Rayleigh-wave group-velocity dispersion curves in the period band between 10 and 24 s. Group-velocity maps at different periods are obtained by inverting the dispersion curves. We then inverted the group-velocity maps to obtain the 3-D shear wave velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath Cape Verde. The final 3-D model extends from 8 km down to 23 km and has a lateral resolution of about 50 km. The crust in the southwestern sector, encompassing Fogo, presents lower S-wave velocities that may be caused by the presence of melt pockets and/or hydrothermal fluids circulation. The uppermost mantle beneath the northwestern sector is characterized by higher S-wave velocities in agreement with previous results obtained from Ps and Sp receiver functions. Those high-velocity anomalies can reflect non-altered crust or remnants of magma chambers or solidified basaltic intrusions, which fed the volcanism in these islands. Our maps revealed the presence of crustal underplating across the entire archipelago, yet stronger beneath the groups Santo Antão—São Vicente—São Nicolau and Fogo—Santiago—Maio.
Functional studies of lung cancer GWAS beyond association
Authors: Long Erping , Patel Harsh , Byun Jinyoung , Amos Christopher I , Choi Jiyeon 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Fourteen years after the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) of lung cancer was published, approximately 45 genomic loci have now been significantly associated with lung cancer risk. While functional characterization was performed for several of these loci, a comprehensive summary of the current molecular understanding of lung cancer risk has been lacking. Further, many novel computational and experimental tools now became available to accelerate the functional assessment of disease-associated variants, moving beyond locus-by-locus approaches. In this review, we first highlight the heterogeneity of lung cancer GWAS findings across histological subtypes, ancestries and smoking status, which poses unique challenges to follow-up studies. We then summarize the published lung cancer post-GWAS studies for each risk-associated locus to assess the current understanding of biological mechanisms beyond the initial statistical association. We further summarize strategies for GWAS functional follow-up studies considering cutting-edge functional genomics tools and providing a catalog of available resources relevant to lung cancer. Overall, we aim to highlight the importance of integrating computational and experimental approaches to draw biological insights from the lung cancer GWAS results beyond association.