bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental evolution of a pheromone signal
Authors: Blankers Thomas , Fruitet Elise , Burdfield‐Steel Emily , Groot Astrid T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSexual signals are important in speciation, but understanding their evolution is complex as these signals are often composed of multiple, genetically interdependent components. To understand how signals evolve, we thus need to consider selection responses in multiple components and account for the genetic correlations among components. One intriguing possibility is that selection changes the genetic covariance structure of a multicomponent signal in a way that facilitates a response to selection. However, this hypothesis remains largely untested empirically. In this study, we investigate the evolutionary response of the multicomponent female sex pheromone blend of the moth Heliothis subflexa to 10 generations of artificial selection. We observed a selection response of about three‐quarters of a phenotypic standard deviation in the components under selection. Interestingly, other pheromone components that are biochemically and genetically linked to the components under selection did not change. We also found that after the onset of selection, the genetic covariance structure diverged, resulting in the disassociation of components under selection and components not under selection across the first two genetic principle components. Our findings provide rare empirical support for an intriguing mechanism by which a sexual signal can respond to selection without possible constraints from indirect selection responses.
Vibrational and Electronic Circular Dichroism Study of Chiral Seleno Compounds Prepared from a Naphthol Based Diselenide
Authors: Mangiavacchi Francesca , Mazzeo Giuseppe , Graziani Maria Chiara , Marini Francesca , Drabowicz Józef , Wielgus Ewelina , Sancineto Luca , Longhi Giovanna , Vivani Riccardo , Abbate Sergio , Santi Claudio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBase induced activation of β‐naphthol toward the electrophilic aromatic substitution has been used for the synthesis of the unprecedented 1,1’‐diselanediylbis(naphthalen‐2‐ol) fully characterized by means of NMR and X‐Ray analysis. Its reactivity was studied and the synthesis of novel chiral selenium containing heterocycles was discovered. Chiroptical methods (VCD and ECD) were successfully used to define their absolute configuration and these results represent the first example reported for organoselenium derivatives.
Deep‐Sea Discovery and Detective Work: Towards Solving the Hemicalide Structural Enigma through Computational NMR Analysis and Stereocontrolled Synthesis
Authors: Lam Nelson Y. S. , Paterson Ian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe marine natural product hemicalide displays potent anticancer activity. While detailed NMR experiments established the planar carbon skeleton, its full configurational assignment proved enigmatic. This Review summarises ongoing synthetic efforts and NMR studies on hemicalide, which have succeeded in reducing the number of possible stereoisomers from more than one million to a more manageable eight structures, setting the stage for a focused total synthesis campaign.
Praseodymium Doped Dysprosium Oxide‐carbon Nanofibers Based Voltammetric Platform for the Simultaneous Determination of Sunset Yellow and Tartrazine
Authors: Kutluay Baytak Aysegul , Aslanoglu Mehmet 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA platform based on praseodymium doped dysprosium oxide‐carbon nanofibers modified electrode was constructed for the simultaneous determination of SY and TAR. SEM, EDX and XRD techniques were utilized for characterizing the proposed material. The voltammetric behaviour and properties of SY and TAR were gradually improved at materials in order from CNFs to Dy2O3−CNFs and Pr6O11@Dy2O3−CNFs. The working range was found to be 1.0×10−9–3.5×10−8 M and 1.5×10−9–4.0×10−8 M for SY and TAR, respectively. The value of LOD was 3.12×10−10 M and 5.35×10−10 M for SY and TAR, respectively. The platform (Pr6O11@Dy2O3−CNFs/GCE) was successfully applied to the electroanalysis of samples.
Superior adsorption of methyl blue on magnetic Ni–Mg–Co ferrites: Adsorption electrochemical properties and adsorption characteristics
Authors: Ling Chen , Wang Zhou , Ni Yun , Zhu Ziye , Cheng Zhihao , Liu Ruijiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe harm and treatment of methyl blue (MB) were described, and the necessity for the removal of MB by magnetic nanomaterials was explained. Magnetic Ni–Mg–Co ferrites were prepared by the rapid combustion approach of an active nitrate solution and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), energy dispersive spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. Magnetic Ni0.1Mg0.7Co0.2Fe2O4 nanoparticles prepared at 400°C with the saturation magnetization of 19.7 emu g−1 and the average diameter of about 15.2 nm were used to adsorb MB from the aqueous medium. The Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) analysis showed that the specific surface area was 143.17 m2 g−1 and the average pore size was 9.44 nm. The adsorption mechanism of MB onto magnetic Ni0.1Mg0.7Co0.2Fe2O4 nanoparticles was studied, and the results revealed that the adsorption properties conformed the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics model due to the square deviation values (R2 > 0.98), and Temkin model could describe the adsorption state of MB onto Ni0.1Mg0.7Co0.2Fe2O4 nanoparticles, which suggested that the adsorption of MB onto Ni0.1Mg0.7Co0.2Fe2O4 nanoparticles was monolayer–multilayer hybrid chemisorption mechanism. When the pH value exceeded 3, the adsorbance reached large value; while, the adsorbance was 97.6% of the initial adsorption value for seven cycles. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry curves of MB adsorbed onto the nanoparticles before and after the adsorption were determined.
Deletion of Tgfβ signal in activated microglia prolongs hypoxia‐induced retinal neovascularization enhancing Igf1 expression and retinal leukostasis
Authors: Usui‐Ouchi Ayumi , Eade Kevin , Giles Sarah , Ideguchi Yoichiro , Ouchi Yasuo , Aguilar Edith , Wei Guoqin , Marra Kyle V. , Berlow Rebecca B. , Friedlander Martin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRetinal neovascularization (NV) is the major cause of severe visual impairment in patients with ischemic eye diseases. While it is known that retinal microglia contribute to both physiological and pathological angiogenesis, the molecular mechanisms by which these glia regulate pathological NV have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we utilized a retinal microglia‐specific Transforming Growth Factor‐β (Tgfβ) receptor knock out mouse model and human iPSC‐derived microglia to examine the role of Tgfβ signaling in activated microglia during retinal NV. Using a tamoxifen‐inducible, microglia‐specific Tgfβ receptor type 2 (Tgfβr2) knockout mouse [Tgfβr2 KO (ΔMG)] we show that Tgfβ signaling in microglia actively represses leukostasis in retinal vessels. Furthermore, we show that Tgfβ signaling represses expression of the pro‐angiogenic factor, Insulin‐like growth factor 1 (Igf1), independent of Vegf regulation. Using the mouse model of oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR) we show that Tgfβ signaling in activated microglia plays a role in hypoxia‐induced NV where a loss in Tgfβ signaling microglia exacerbates and prolongs retinal NV in OIR. Using human iPSC‐derived microglia cells in an in vitro assay, we validate the role of Transforming Growth Factor‐β1 (Tgfβ1) in regulating Igf1 expression in hypoxic conditions. Finally, we show that Tgfβ signaling in microglia is essential for microglial homeostasis and that the disruption of Tgfβ signaling in microglia exacerbates retinal NV in OIR by promoting leukostasis and Igf1 expression.
Infant and early childhood mental health consultation in a diverse metropolitan area
Authors: Natale Ruby , Kolomeyer Ellen , Futterer Jenna , Mahmoud Farah D. , Schenker Maite , Robleto Ana , Horen Neal , Spector Rachel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIECMHC can and should be a vehicle that promotes greater equity in access to high quality relationships within an early classroom environment. It is important to consider consultation through a racial equity lens to ensure that it is integrated in all levels of work. The goal of the study was to replicate the results from other IECMHC programs with a diverse, largely Latinx, population. The Jump Start program was given the unique opportunity to adapt the Georgetown Framework of Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health Consultation to a multicultural population in Miami. A total of 88 early learning programs and 244 teachers participated. Services were provided in English, Spanish, and Creole at the program‐ and classroom‐level. Pre‐ and post‐data were collected at both levels. Significant improvements at the program‐ and classroom‐level were found post‐consultation. Consultants demonstrated fidelity to core program practices while providing culturally and linguistically competent service. The current study replicated findings regarding the effectiveness of IECMHC while expanding results to a diverse metropolitan community. Key features of program success may be attributed to the use of highly trained consultants, action planning, fidelity monitoring, and enrollment of programs that were ready and have a champion for IECMHC.
Rearrangement of dicarboranyl methyl cation to icosahedralC3B9H12+: An ab initio dynamics view
Authors: Perumalla D. Sravanakumar , Ghorai Sagar , Pal Tanmoy , Hnyk Drahomír , Holub Josef , Jemmis Eluvathingal D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCloso‐carborane anions are prominent, whereas the cations of the same are less abundant in the literature. As these ions have similar size and are weakly coordinating, the ionic liquids of these two ions could have important applications in many areas of chemistry. In view of limited number of polyhedral carborane cations available, we revisited the rearrangement of dicarboranyl methyl cation (7‐CH27,9‐nido‐C2B9H10+) using ab initio molecular dynamics calculations with metadynamics. Our simulations confirmed the concerted mechanism of the rearrangement. We believe this work will resume the interest in its synthesis and carborane cations in general.
Translating core intervention strategies into action: Interpersonal validation among self‐injuring adolescents and their mothers
Authors: Kaufman Erin A. , Clerke Alexa S. , Meddaoui Brianna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionMost evidence‐supported treatments for psychiatric problems teach clients skills to incorporate into their daily lives. Yet little research rigorously examines the extent to which individuals absorb these strategies and can competently apply them outside of the therapeutic relationship.ObjectivesThe current study examined the degree to which self‐injuring adolescents and their mothers (n = 30 dyads) and typical control mother–daughter dyads (n = 30) were able to utilize a multicomponent interpersonal validation‐oriented skill from dialectical behavior therapy, after a single teaching. We also aimed to assess whether variance in Gentle, Interested, Validate, and Easy (GIVE) skill practice was associated with a physiological index of emotion regulation (respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]).MethodAn observational coding system was developed to measure skill‐related behavior across four key domains (be[ing] gentle, act[ing] interested, validation, and us[ing] an easy manner; GIVE) and applied during two family conflict discussions (pre‐ and postskills training). Mother and adolescent RSA data were collected at rest and across discussion tasks.ResultsBehavioral indicators of skill use improved pre‐to‐post skills training across the entire sample, except in one GIVE domain (easy manner). Self‐injuring youth and their mothers demonstrated greater improvements than control dyads with respect to being gentle. RSA reactivity scores predicted behavioral validation, such that higher RSA was associated with higher validation scores.ConclusionsAs a field, we currently have a limited understanding of how intervention skills are used, and what factors predict effective skill application. Results suggest self‐injuring adolescents and their mothers can learn and improve on most aspects of a core intervention strategy after a single teaching and that better physiological regulation during conflict is associated with more validating behaviors.
Disrupting White racial dominance: How White antiracists challenge the racial status quo in interpersonal relationships
Authors: Collins Charles R. , Macbeth Jeanne , Morgan Allison R. , Kohl Rhianon , Kenney Taylor M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs White activists are growing the racial justice movement, their antiracism frequently disrupts the racial hierarchy, which features whiteness in a dominant role, especially in interpersonal relationships. We investigate how White antiracists disrupt whiteness in interpersonal relationships. We interviewed 16 White antiracists who had experienced significant relationship distance due to their antiracism. We conducted thematic analyses to understand the conflicts that emerged between antiracists and their White counterparts as activists challenged White racial dominance. Antiracists disrupted whiteness by exercising social power to punish racist offenders. In response, their White counterparts resisted these challenges by exerting their instruments of power to sanction antiracists. The conflict with White people led antiracists to build greater personal and social capacity for antiracist activism. This study illustrates how conflicts can emerge during social change efforts even at the microlevel as parties exercise power to contest or support the status quo.
Locked down: Ontological security and the experience of COVID‐19 while living in poor‐quality housing
Authors: Brown Philip , Newton Dillon , Armitage Rachel , Monchuk Leanne , Robson Brian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to illustrate how the housing system in the United Kingdom (UK) has contributed to creating vulnerabilities during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Drawing on the concept of ontological security we look at how living with housing insecurity whilst enduring poor housing conditions has impacted the lives of those living in households. The paper draws on semi‐structured interviews with 50 residents and 8 housing professionals. The findings outline the grinding impact of the pandemic on the ontological security of residents and the coping strategies adopted by a wider range of households who are now increasingly vulnerable. A number of people went into lockdown in vulnerable situations, experiencing deep inequalities and living in poorly maintained homes. This has weakened the ontological security experienced by many households. These represent significant failings of the housing system and housing policy impacting on the health and wellbeing of a wider cohort of people creating additional vulnerabilities.
Pathophysiology of sepsis‐induced cholestasis: A review
Authors: Ghenu Maria Iuliana , Dragoş Dorin , Manea Maria Mirabela , Ionescu Dorin , Negreanu Lucian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSepsis is a critical condition resulting from the excessive activation of the inflammatory/immune system in response to an infection, with high mortality if treatment is not administered promptly. One of the many possible complications of sepsis is liver dysfunction with consequent cholestasis. The aim of this paper is to review the main mechanisms involved in the development of cholestasis in sepsis. Cholestasis in a septic patient must raise the suspicion that it is the consequence of the septic condition and limit the laborious attempts of finding a hepatic or biliary disease. Prompt antibiotic administration when sepsis is suspected is essential and may improve liver enzymes. Cholestasis is a syndrome with a variety of etiologies, among which sepsis is frequently overlooked, despite a number of studies and case reports in the literature demonstrating not only the association between sepsis and cholestasis but also the role of cholestasis as a prognostic factor for sepsis‐induced death.
Significance of post‐progression therapy after tyrosine kinase inhibitors for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yano Yoshihiko , Yamamoto Atsushi , Minami Akihiro , Momose Kenji , Mimura Takuya , Kim Soo Ki , Hayashi Hiroki , Kado Takuo , Hirano Hirotaka , Hirohata Seiya , Yoon Seitetsu , Nishi Katsuhisa , Tei Hiroshi , Tanaka Hidenori , Oouchi Sachiko , Matsuura Takanori , Yasutomi Eiichiro , Hatazawa Yuri , Shiomi Yuuki , Ueda Yoshihide , Kodama Yuzo ,   Kobe Liver Conference (KLC)
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimMolecular‐targeted therapies such as sorafenib and lenvatinib have long been used as first‐line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC). However, adverse events or limited therapeutic effects may necessitate the change to another therapeutic option, known as post‐progression therapy. To investigate the significance of post‐progression therapy, we analyzed the outcomes of aHCC patients following first‐line molecular‐targeted therapy in a real‐world study.MethodsThis retrospective, multicenter study involved patients with aHCC who received sorafenib or lenvatinib as first‐line therapy between January 2011 and September 2021.ResultsIn total, 513 patients were analyzed: 309 treated with sorafenib and 204 with lenvatinib. The overall response and disease control rates were 15 and 50%, respectively, in the sorafenib group and 30 and 75%, respectively, in the lenvatinib group (P < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed no significant differences in progression‐free survival and overall survival (OS) between the two treatments. Multivariate analysis revealed that fibrosis‐4 index, disease control rate, post‐progression therapy, and use of an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) were significantly associated with OS. OS was significantly longer in patients who received post‐progression therapy than in those who did not (log‐rank P < 0.001). Most patients who received an ICI as post‐progression therapy had previously received lenvatinib. Among lenvatinib‐treated patients, OS was significantly longer in patients who received an ICI than in patients received another or no post‐progression therapy (P = 0.004).ConclusionThe introduction of newer drugs for post‐progression therapy is expected to prolong survival. ICI‐based regimens appear to be effective after lenvatinib.
Turán‐ and Ramsey‐type results for unavoidable subgraphs
Authors: Müyesser Alp , Tait Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe study Turán‐ and Ramsey‐type problems on edge‐colored graphs. A two‐edge‐colored graph is called ‐balanced if each color class contains at least an ‐proportion of its edges. Given a family of two‐edge‐colored graphs, the Ramsey‐type function is the smallest for which any ‐balanced must contain a copy of an , and the Turán‐type function is the maximum number of edges in an ‐vertex ‐balanced graph which avoids all of . In this paper, we show that for any , , as long as is finite. We use this result to show that the Ramsey‐type function is linear for bounded degree graphs. Finally, we consider the Turán‐type function for several classes of edge‐colored graphs. In particular, we show that for any , sufficiently large ‐balanced graphs with edge‐density above 1/2 must contain a ‐cycle with a non‐monochromatic coloring of its edge set. The same result when was proved by DeVos, McDonald, and Montejano.
Leukocyte modulation by natural products from herbal medicines and potential as cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Yang Huihai , Wang Lulu , Zhang Jing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCancer constitutes a kind of life-threatening disease that is prevalent throughout the world. In light of limitations in conventional chemotherapies or radiotherapies, cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a potent strategy in treating cancer. In cancer immunotherapy, preliminary studies have demonstrated that cancer immune surveillance serves a crucial role in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Herbal medicines and natural products, which serve as alternative medicines, are involved in the modulation of tumor immunosurveillance to enhance antitumor activity. Accordingly, this review aimed to summarize the modulation function of herbal medicines and natural products on tumor immunosurveillance while providing scientific insight into further research on its molecular mechanism and potential clinical applications.
The altered drivers of evapotranspiration trends around the recent warming hiatus in China
Authors: Sun Huaiwei , Bai Yiwen , Yang Yong , Lu Mengge , Yan Dong , Tuo Ye , Zhang Wenxin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study focuses on the trends and the causes of variation in actual evapotranspiration (AET) around the warming hiatus over China by a comprehensive analysis applying various temporal–spatial methods. It is observed that the annual AET showed a different trend around 2000 for China as a whole. By employing segmented regression analysis for detecting warming hiatus points, high temporal inconsistency can be found in eight climatic regions of China. The impacts of meteorological variables on AET were further identified by affecting the intensity and relative change of meteorological factors. AET was highly correlated (p < .01) with solar radiation in the southeast (R = 0.80) and air specific humidity in the northwest areas (R = 0.83). AET changes presented the highest sensitivity to specific humidity in Northwest before 2006 and in north central China after 2003, with sensitivity coefficients of 1.48 and 1.74, respectively. Three variables, including air specific humidity (with an average contribution rate of ~17% in the northwest), short‐wave radiation and air temperature, can be the main factors that lead to the changes in AET. The specific meteorological factors varied from region to region: the changes in AET can be ascribed to the increased wind and short‐wave radiation in north central China and east China, the decreased air temperature in Tibetan Plateau, the increased specific humidity in southeast China during warming hiatus, and so on. After the warming hiatus occurred, the dominant factor of AET trends changed from air specific humidity to short‐wave radiation and other factors. Generally, air specific humidity and air temperature have played leading roles in AET trends during the past 30 years.
The utility of Raman spectra in aiding the interpretation of surface structure at aqueous interfaces
Authors: Azam Md. Shafiul , Hore Dennis 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this perspective, we review how Raman spectroscopy of bulk aqueous phases can assist in the interpretation of surface‐selective vibrational spectra obtained from visible‐infrared sum‐frequency generation experiments. This overcomes the limitations associated with a reliance on spectral fitting to study characteristic vibrational modes of all species and thereby provides an all‐experimental route for analysis of spectral features, including cases where spectra are available in only a single set of beam polarizations. The basic principle is based on two‐dimensional correlation analysis, a generalized method with broad applicability, but most well‐known in its application to vibrational spectra. We provide an example of the type of information that can be obtained when using heterospectral correlation that includes both sum‐frequency and Raman data. The combination of these methods can help to unravel characteristic features of aqueous interfaces such as the surface preference of adsorbed species relative to their bulk concentration.