bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gray Matter Abnormalities in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1: A Voxel-Wise Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jiang Qirui , Lin Junyu , Li Chunyu , Hou Yanbing , Shang Huifang 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundA growing number of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies have demonstrated widespread gray matter (GM) abnormalities in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), but the findings are heterogeneous. This study integrated previous VBM studies to identify consistent GM changes in the brains of patients with DM1.MethodsSystematic retrieval was conducted in Web of Science, Pubmed, and Embase databases to identify VBM studies that met the inclusion requirements. Data were extracted. The Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM-PSI) software was used for meta-analysis of voxel aspects.ResultsA total of eight VBM studies were included, including 176 patients with DM1 and 198 healthy controls (HCs). GM volume in patients with DM1 was extensively reduced compared with HCs, including bilateral rolandic operculum, bilateral posterior central gyrus, bilateral precentral gyrus, right insula, right heschl gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, bilateral supplementary motor area, bilateral middle cingulate gyrus/paracingulate gyrus, left paracentral lobule, and bilateral caudate nucleus. Meta-regression analysis found that regional GM abnormalities were associated with disease duration and Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF)-recall scores.ConclusionDM1 is not only a disease of muscle injury but also a multisystem disease involving brain motor and neuropsychiatric regions, providing a basis for the pathophysiological mechanism of DM1.
Sleep Deficiency Is Associated With Exacerbation of Symptoms and Impairment of Anorectal and Autonomic Functions in Patients With Functional Constipation
Authors: Liu Jie , Wang Wei , Tian Jiashuang , Lv Chaolan , Fu Yuhan , Fass Ronnie , Song Gengqing , Yu Yue 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveSleep deficiency (SD) is commonly seen in patients with functional constipation (FC). Our aim was to determine whether the presence of SD would influence symptoms, anorectal motility, sensation, and autonomic function in FC patients.Materials and MethodsA total of 85 FC patients with SD and 193 FC patients without SD underwent high-resolution anorectal manometry. SD was assessed by using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score. Participants were required to fill in the entire questionnaires, including Patients’ Constipation-symptoms, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Hamilton Depression Scale. Autonomic dysfunction was studied by recording the heart rate variability. Multiple logistic regression was performed to explore the potential risk factors for anorectal function.ResultsFunctional constipation patients with SD had a higher total score of constipation symptom (P &lt; 0.001), in comparison with those without SD. FC patients with SD demonstrated significantly lower threshold volume for first sensation (P &lt; 0.001) and urge (P &lt; 0.001), as compared to those without SD. The PSQI score positively correlated with constipation symptom total score (P &lt; 0.001), and negatively correlated with threshold volume for first sensation (P &lt; 0.001) and urge (P &lt; 0.001). FC patients with SD had a reduced vagal activity (P = 0.016) and a higher sympathetic activity as compared to those without SD (P = 0.003). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that SD, anxiety and depression were independent risk factors for anorectal function, with SD exhibiting the highest degree of association with first sensation (OR: 4.235).ConclusionSleep deficiency is associated with worse constipation related symptoms, altered anorectal function and perception, and impaired autonomic function in FC patients.
Genome-Wide Analysis of microRNA and mRNA Expression in Colorectal Intramucosal Neoplasia and Colorectal Cancer With a Microsatellite-Stable Phenotype Based on Adenoma-Carcinoma Sequences
Authors: Sugai Tamotsu , Osakabe Mitsumasa , Niinuma Takeshi , Sugimoto Ryo , Eizuka Makoto , Tanaka Yoshihito , Yanagawa Naoki , Otsuka Koki , Sasaki Akira , Matsumoto Takayuki , Suzuki Hiromu 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundAlthough MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in various biological processes, the biological functions of miRNAs are achieved through mRNAs. The aim of this study is to identify dysregulated miRNA/mRNA expression patterns in colorectal tumors.MethodsWe examined 42 colorectal tumors [15 adenomas, 8 intramucosal cancers (IMCs), and 19 invasive colorectal cancers (CRCs)] with the microsatellite stable (MSS) phenotype (first cohort). The first cohort was used for genome-wide miRNA and mRNA expression arrays, whereas the second cohort (37 colorectal neoplasias) was used for validation analyses. Finally, we used 15 cases of “adenoma in/with carcinoma” to identify network patterns of miRNAs/mRNAs that were directly associated with neoplastic progression. In addition, simple regression analysis for array-based and RT-PCR analyses was performed to select candidate miRNA–mRNA pairs. Transfection of miRNA mimics was also performed to confirm whether target mRNA expression is affected by specific miRNAs.ResultsSpecific paired miRNA/mRNA networks, including hsa-miR-34a-5p/SLC12A2, hsa-miR-15b-5p/SLC12A2, hsa-miR-195-5p/SLC12A2, hsa-miRNA-502-3p/OLFM4, hsa-miRNA-6807-5p/ZG16, and hsa-miRNA 3064-5p/SH3BGRL3, were identified in samples of adenoma, IMC, and CRC with the MSS phenotype. In adenomatous lesions obtained from the same tumor with a carcinomatous lesion, we identified pairs of miRNA-130a-3p/HSPA8 and miRNA-22-3p/RP53 that were linked to multiple pathways. On the other hand, 2 pairs of miRNA/mRNA (miRNA-660-5p and miRNA-664a-5p/APP) were found in isolated carcinomatous glands. Ectopic expression of miRNA 3064-5p suppressed SH3BGRL3 expression.ConclusionsWe found that networks based on specific pairs of miRNAs/mRNAs contribute to progression from adenomatous and carcinomatous lesions. Our results provide insights into the molecular tumorigenesis of colorectal tumors.
Characterization of the Immune Cell Infiltration Landscape in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sui Zhilin , Wu Xianxian , Du Longde , Wang Han , Yuan Lijuan , Zhang Jian V. , Yu Zhentao 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundImmunotherapy has achieved remarkable efficacy in treating oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, this treatment has limited efficacy in some patients. An increasing number of evidence suggested that immune cells within the tumour microenvironment (TME) are strongly related to immunotherapy response and patient prognosis. Thus, the landscape of immune cell infiltration (ICI) in ESCC needs to be mapped.MethodsIn the study, the ICI pattern in 206 cases of ESCC was characterised by two algorithms, namely, CIBERSORT and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). The ICI score of each specimen was calculated by principal component analysis (PCA) according to ICI signature genes A (ICISGA) and B (ICISGB). The prognostic difference was evaluated by using the Kaplan–Meier method. The related pathways of ICI score were investigated by applying gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The R packages of ‘regplot’, ‘timeROC’ and ‘rms’ were applied for the construction of nomogram model.ResultThree TME subtypes were identified with no prognostic implication. A total of 333 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among immune subtypes were determined, among which ICISGA and ICISGB were identified. Finally, ICI scores were constructed, and the patients were grouped into high or low ICI score group. Compared with the low ICI score group, the high ICI score group had better prognosis. GSEA revealed that the high ICI score group referred to multiple signalling pathways, including B cell receptor, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, NOD-like receptor and TGF-β signalling pathways. In addition, the nomogram model was constructed to evaluate 1-, 3- and 5-year probability of death in an ESCC patient. The ROC and calibration curves indicated that the model has a good discrimination ability.ConclusionWe depicted a comprehensive ICI landscape in ESCC. ICI score may be used as a predictor of survival rate, which may be helpful for guiding immunotherapy in the future.
A New Nomogram and Risk Stratification of Brain Metastasis by Clinical and Inflammatory Parameters in Stage III Small Cell Lung Cancer Without Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation
Authors: Qiu Jianjian , Ke Dongmei , Yu Yilin , Lin Hancui , Zheng Qunhao , Li Hui , Zheng Hongying , Liu Lingyun , Wang Zhiping , Wu Yahua , Liu Tianxiu , Li Jiancheng 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThis study was conducted to determine risk factors for developing brain metastasis (BM) and to predict brain metastasis free survival (BMFS) and overall survival (OS) by combining several clinical parameters and inflammatory indexes.Materials and MethodsA nomogram and risk stratification were developed based on multivariate analysis results. The prognostic index (PI) predicting the high risk of BM was calculated by multiplying the weighted factor (β coefficient) with each variable.ResultsThirty-two of one hundred patients (32.0%) developed BM. Multivariate cox regression analysis revealed that concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT; hazard ratio (HR), 3.356; p = 0.020), monocyte–lymphocyte ratio (MLR; HR, 4.511; p = 0.002), neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR; HR, 4.023; p = 0.033), and prognostic-nutrition index (PNI; HR, 2.902; p = 0.018) were independent prognostic factors of BMFS. The nomogram has good accuracy in predicting BMFS, and the C-index was 0.73. The ROC curve showed that these risk factors have good discriminant ability. Similarly, tumor location (HR, 1.675; p = 0.035) and MLR (HR, 2.076; p = 0.013) were independent prognostic factors of OS. In the subgroup analysis of OS, the good group had a better prognosis than the other groups. Risk stratification by PI: the high-risk group had worse BMFS than the low-risk group, which also has certain practical significance for clinical practice in OS.ConclusionWe developed a nomogram and corresponding risk stratification in stage III SCLC patients who developed BM. This model and risk stratification can help clinicians improve patient treatment management and better deliver personalized therapy.
Pan-Soft Tissue Sarcoma Analysis of the Incidence, Survival, and Metastasis: A Population-Based Study Focusing on Distant Metastasis and Lymph Node Metastasis
Authors: Liu Haotian , Zhang Hongliang , Zhang Chao , Liao Zhichao , Li Ting , Yang Tielong , Zhang Gengpu , Yang Jilong 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe rarity and complexity of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) make it a challenge to determine the incidence, survival, and metastasis rates. In addition, the clinicopathological risk factors for lymph node metastasis have rarely been reported.MethodsData on patients diagnosed with STS in the SEER database from 2000 to 2018 were extracted by SEER*Stat 8.3.9.1, and the incidence trend was calculated by Joinpoint 4.9 software. The KM method was used to calculate the survival curve, and the log-rank method was used to compare differences in the survival curves. The clinicopathological risk factors for lymph node metastasis were screened by logistic regression.ResultsAmong the 35987 patients, 4299 patients (11.9%) had distant metastasis. The overall lymph node metastasis rate was 6.02%, which included patients suffering from both lymph node and distant metastasis. Considering that some lymph node metastases might be accompanying events of distant metastasis, the rate of only lymph node metastasis in STS patients decreased to 3.42% after excluding patients with distant metastasis. Patients with only lymph node metastases (N1/2M0) had a significantly worse prognosis than those without metastases (N0M0) but a better prognosis than those with only distant metastases (N0M1) (p&lt;0.0001). In the multivariate logistic analysis, STS patients with larger tumors located in the head and neck, viscera, retroperitoneum, and certain specific pathological subtypes (compared with the liposarcoma), such as undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, synovial sarcoma, and angiosarcoma, had a higher risk of lymph node metastasis.ConclusionsLymph node metastasis is rare in STS, and the metastasis rate is significantly different among the different pathological types. Tumor size, location, and pathological subtype are significantly associated with the risk of lymph node metastasis. The overall survival of patients with lymph node metastasis is better than that of patients with distant metastasis, which suggests a more precise prognosis evaluation should be performed in these AJCC stage IV STS patients.
Characteristics, Treatment Complexity, and Outcome of Mixed-Phenotype Acute Leukemia in Children in a Low–Middle-Income Country
Authors: Salama Maram , Ahmed Sonia , Soliman Sonya , El-Sharkawy Nahla , Salem Sherine , El-Nashar Amr , Khedr Reham , Lehmann Leslie , Sidhom Iman , El-Haddad Alaa 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundMixed-phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) in children is an uncommon subtype of acute leukemia that cannot be definitively assigned to a specific lineage. There is no consensus on the best approach to therapy. Management is more complex in low–middle-income countries (LMICs).AimTo evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of patients with MPAL in a developing country.Patients and MethodsA retrospective descriptive study of 42 pediatric patients newly diagnosed with MPAL from July 2007 until December 2017.ResultsThe immunophenotyping was T/Myeloid in 24 patients (57.1%) and B/Myeloid in 16 (38.1%). Three subjects had MLL gene rearrangement, two had Philadelphia-positive chromosomes, and eight had FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3-ITD) internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) with a ratio &gt;0.4. Two subjects died before starting chemotherapy. Ten patients (25%) received acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) induction, and all achieved complete remission (CR) with no induction deaths and no shift of therapy. Thirty patients (75%) started therapy with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) induction: five (16.6%) died during induction, 17 (56.7%) achieved CR, and 10 patients received maintenance ALL therapy after ending AML treatment. Four of the eight patients with induction failure were switched to ALL therapy. The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 56.7% [standard error (SE): 8.1%] and 61% (SE: 8%), while the cumulative incidence of relapse was 21.7% (SE: 6.7%), with a median follow-up duration of 5.8 years. Patients treated with ALL-directed therapy had a 5-year EFS rate of 111 70% (SE: 14%) and OS rate of 78.8% (SE: 13%). Patients treated with ALL-directed therapy had a 5-year EFS rate of 70% (SE: 14.5%) and OS rate of 78.8% (SE: 13%). FLT3-ITD mutation showed a significantly lower 5-year EFS rate of 28.6% (SE: 17%) vs. 75% (SE: 9%) for the wild type, p = 0.032. Undernourished patients with a body mass index (BMI) z-score ≤-2 at presentation had a significantly lower 5-year EFS rate of 20% (SE: 17%) compared to 61.8% (SE: 8%) for patients with BMI z-score &gt;-2, p = 0.015.ConclusionThis study supports ALL-directed therapy for pediatric MPAL in a setting of LMIC. Given the poor outcome of FLT3-ITD, the role of FLT3 inhibitor needs to be explored in this subset of cases.
Wall Shear Stress Predicts Media Degeneration and Biomechanical Changes in Thoracic Aorta
Authors: Kiema Miika , Sarin Jaakko K. , Kauhanen S. Petteri , Torniainen Jari , Matikka Hanna , Luoto Emma-Sofia , Jaakkola Pekka , Saari Petri , Liimatainen Timo , Vanninen Ritva , Ylä-Herttuala Seppo , Hedman Marja , Laakkonen Johanna P. 
Published: July 2022

Objectives: In thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) of the ascending aorta (AA), AA is progressively dilating due to the weakening of the aortic wall. Predicting and preventing aortic dissections and ruptures in TAA continues to be challenging, and more accurate assessment of the AA dilatation, identification of high-risk patients, and timing of repair surgery are required. We investigated whether wall shear stress (WSS) predicts pathological and biomechanical changes in the aortic wall in TAA.Methods: The study included 12 patients with bicuspid (BAV) and 20 patients with the tricuspid aortic valve (TAV). 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed a day before aortic replacement surgery. Biomechanical and histological parameters, including assessing of wall strength, media degeneration, elastin, and cell content were analyzed from the resected AA samples.Results: WSSs were greater in the outer curves of the AA compared to the inner curves in all TAA patients. WSSs correlated with media degeneration of the aortic wall (ρ = -0.48, p &lt; 0.01), elastin content (ρ = 0.47, p &lt; 0.01), and aortic wall strength (ρ = -0.49, p = 0.029). Subsequently, the media of the outer curves was thinner, more rigid, and tolerated lower failure strains. Failure values were shown to correlate with smooth muscle cell (SMC) density (ρ = -0.45, p &lt; 0.02), and indicated the more MYH10+ SMCs the lower the strength of the aortic wall structure. More macrophages were detected in patients with severe media degeneration and the areas with lower WSSs.Conclusion: The findings indicate that MRI-derived WSS predicts pathological and biomechanical changes in the aortic wall in patients with TAA and could be used for identification of high-risk patients.
Psychological and Emotional Effects of Digital Technology on Digitods (14–18 Years): A Systematic Review
Authors: Limone Pierpaolo , Toto Giusi Antonia 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe use of smartphones and other technologies has been increasing in digitods aged 14–18 years old. To further explain this relationship and explore the gap in research, this paper will appraise the available evidence regarding the relationship digital technology use and psychological/emotional outcomes and report on the strength of the associations observed between these variables.MethodologyTo select relevant studies, five separate computerized searches of online and electronic databases were performed. These included PubMed (MEDLINE, National Library of Medicine), ScienceDirect, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science to attain literature from January 2017 to April 2022. The author independently reviewed studies for eligibility as per the inclusion/exclusion criteria and extracted the data according to a priori defined criteria. Risk of bias was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) for healthcare studies and Cochrane Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) assessment tool.ResultsSeven studies were included in this review. A positive relationship was found between excessive digital technology usage and negative psychological and emotional outcomes in digitods aged 14–18 (p ≤ 0.005). A statistically significant difference was found between girls and boys, with girls experiencing more negative outcomes than boys.ConclusionsAs the evidence in this review is distinctive, it is imperative that further research be conducted to investigate any synergistic relationships among these variables on a larger scale in order to better advise public health initiatives to specifically target heightened digital technology usage in adolescents.
Assessment of Depression and Anxiety Among Admitted People With Heart Disease Conditions: A Cross-Sectional Hospital-Based Study in a Bangladeshi Population During the COVID-19
Authors: Amin Mohammad Ashraful , Ahmed Mohsin , Nahin Sabrina , Kakoly Nadira Sultana 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveDepression and anxiety are widespread and chronic among patients with heart disease. We wanted to determine the proportion of heart patients with depression and anxiety levels as well as factors contributing toward depression and anxiety among hospitalized heart disease patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh during the COVID-19 era.MethodsThe study comprised a total of 384 participants with a confirmed heart disease diagnosis. We conducted a cross-sectional study from 5th March to 27th June 2021. The hospital-based study admitted patients sequentially with a new or pre-existing heart disease diagnosis to one of Dhaka's two leading hospitals. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale screened all individuals for depression and anxiety.ResultMost of the respondents (88.2%) were male and within the age categories of 51–60 years (32.81%). 96.6% of the patients were married, 30% had no income, 36.6% had only completed classes 1–5, and ~47% resided in rural areas. Approximately 36% of the study participants were former smokers, with 31% current smokers. Borderline abnormal and abnormal levels of anxiety and borderline abnormal and abnormal levels of depression were found in (23.9%, 49.4%) and (55.7%, 13.3%), respectively, of hospitalized patients. Age, residence, profession, monthly income, and chronic disease were significant predictors of anxiety, while only gender remained significantly associated with depression.ConclusionHospitalized Bangladeshi patients with heart disease had moderate levels of depression and anxiety. There is a need to develop a quick screening approach in hospitals dealing with hospitalized patients with heart disease to identify those needing extra evaluation and care.
MULTIPHASE PWM MODULATOR CONVERSION BY-PRODUCTS SUPPRESSION UNDER CHANNEL ASYMMETRY
Authors: ВАРЛАМОВ О.В. 
Published: July 2022

Для усиления с высоким КПД современных телекоммуникационных радиосигналов, имеющих высокий пик-фактор,используются ключевые режимы работы транзисторов и синтетические методы усиления. Наиболее распространенным из них является метод Кана,предполагающий раздельное усиление составляющих. Однако применение этого метода имеет ряд технологических (по возможностям элементной базы) ограничений по ширине полосы частот и динамическому диапазону усиливаемого сигнала в модуляционном тракте. Для расширения полосы модулирующих частот используется многофазная широтно-импульсная модуляция (ШИМ). В статье выведены аналитические выражения и определена эффективность подавления нежелательных составляющих в многофазной ШИМ в зависимости от количества элементов фильтра нижних частот (ФНЧ)Z для разного числа фаз n. Определены требования к допустимой асимметрии каналов в многофазной ШИМ в зависимости от требуемой эффективности подавления побочных продуктов преобразования.
To high-efficiency amplification of modern telecommunications radio signals with a high peak factor, key modes of transistor operation and synthetic amplification methods are used. The most common of these is the Kahn method (Envelope Elimination and Restoration, EER), which involves separate amplification of components. However, this method application has several technological (in terms of the element base capabilities) limitations in the modulation path bandwidth and dynamic range of the amplified signal. To expand the modulating frequencies bandwidth, multiphase pulse-width modulation (PWM) is used. Analytical expressions are obtained and the efficiency of suppressing unwanted components in a multiphase PWM is determined depending on the number of elements of the low-pass filter Z for a different number of phases n. The requirements for permissible asymmetry of channels in a multiphase PWM depending on the required efficiency of suppression of conversion by-products are determined.