bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amorphous Doping Promotes Utilization of Fe‐Doped Amorphous Zr(HPO4)2 for Superb Water Oxidation Electrocatalysis
Authors: Wang Ruonan , Li Yanxin , Tan Xueling , Zhang Jifu , Li Can , Cao Lixin , Dong Bohua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDoping hetero‐atoms on the surface of host materials, namely effective doping with high atom utilization, is a promising strategy to optimize the activity of electrocatalysts for water electrolysis, especially for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, high utilization of doped atoms is successfully achieved in Fe‐doped 2D amorphous Zr(HPO4)2 nanosheets (amorphous Fe‐ZrP). Due to the unique amorphous surface with a large scale of coordinated unsaturated sites, a great quantity of Fe dopants with tunable electron density can anchor on the surface of the 2D amorphous Fe‐ZrP nanosheet. Benefitting from the ultrathin 2D structure and abundant Fe active sites on the amorphous surface, 2D amorphous Fe‐ZrP nanosheets exhibit outstanding OER activity, which is significantly superior to most OER electrocatalysts. This work offers new insights to promote doped atom utilization via amorphous doping for superb water splitting electrocatalysis.
Wax Direct‐Writing of Monolayered Janus Fabrics for Personal Moisture Management
Authors: Xu Bing , Ding Yinlong , Li Ang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractJanus fabrics with moisture and thermal management capacity are beneficial for human body comfort and performance. However, the present fabrication methods for constructing Janus fabrics are usually complicated, toxic, time‐consuming, and lacking durability. Here, a simple and rapid wax direct‐writing method is proposed to regulate the superhydrophilic monolayered fabric with a hydrophobic part. Noting that wax is low‐cost, easily available, and nontoxic. More importantly, wax can readily penetrate to the cotton fabric, and there is a challenge to get rid of it from the fabric under mechanical abrasion, sunlight irradiation, and home laundry. It is suggested that wax direct‐writing can create a durable fabric. The monolayered Janus fabric is able to unidirectionally transport water/sweat from its hydrophobic side to the superhydrophilic one, while blocking it from the reverse direction. Meanwhile, it can generate drying and cooling effects (≈4° cooler than covered with hydrophilic cotton fabric) in hot weather. This work intends to simply and rapidly fabricate the functional Janus fabric with durable moisture managing capacity and may scale up to mass‐production for potential commercialization.
Bandgap Engineering of Ternary ε‐InSe1−xSx and ε‐InSe1−yTey Single Crystals for High‐Performance Electronics and Optoelectronics
Authors: Hao Qiaoyan , Yi Huan , Liu Jidong , Wang Yi , Chen Jiewei , Yin Xinmao , Tang Chi Sin , Qi Dianyu , Gan Haibo , Wee Andrew T. S. , Chai Yang , Zhang Wenjing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlloying offers an efficient strategy to tune the bandgap of two‐dimensional (2D) layered materials, enabling them to tailor the optical and electronic attributes without compromising the structural integrity. Here the authors report the synthesis of a series of ternary InSe1−xSx and InSe1−yTey alloys possessing ε‐polymorph and single crystalline structure. Both the photoluminescence and Raman spectra of multilayer InSe1−xSx and InSe1−yTey demonstrate that an effective modulation of bandgap and concomitant optical properties is achieved by tuning the alloy compositions, consistent with density functional theory calculations. Field‐effect transistors fabricated from the multilayer alloys on SiO2 dielectric substrates display electron field‐effect mobilities of up to ≈127 cm2 V−1 s−1. All the multilayer alloy devices show a high current on/off ratio of ≈108. When fabricated into photodetectors, multilayer InSe0.9S0.1 and InSe0.9Te0.1 exhibit maximum photoresponsivities of 5.4 × 105 and 7.7 × 104 A W−1, respectively. Moreover, the InSe1−yTey alloys are able to expand the photoresponse range into 1250 nm due to the bandgap narrowing upon Te alloying. This work sheds light on rationally designing 2D layered InSe with tunable bandgaps via alloying, and demonstrates their promising applications in electronics and optoelectronics.
Forming‐Free Resistive Switching of Electrochemical Titanium Oxide Localized Nanostructures: Anodization, Chemical Composition, Nanoscale Size Effects, and Memristive Storage
Authors: Tominov Roman , Avilov Vadim , Vakulov Zakhar , Khakhulin Daniil , Ageev Oleg , Valov Ilia , Smirnov Vladimir 
Published: April 2022

AbstractElectrochemical anodization is a powerful method for the preparation of oxide thin films with controlled thickness, structure, and composition and proves as a promising approach to be applied to memristive devices. Here, experimental studies on titanium oxide nanoscale structures produced by local anodic oxidation and the influence of the thickness on the memristive properties are presented. Controllable preparation of forming‐free memristive cells with switching voltages less than 3 V are demonstrated. The chemical composition and oxidation state of the elements in the TiOxnanostructures are analyzed by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which reveals the formation of TiO2(458.4 eV), Ti2O3(456.6 eV), and TiO (454.8 eV). The increasing thickness of the devices from 4.5 ± 0.7 to 7.9 ± 0.3 nm leads to a decrease in the OFF to ON resistance ratio from 250 to 10.7, respectively. The mechanism of formation and resistive switching in the anodic devices is also discussed. The results can be applied to the design and development of technological processes for memristive structure manufacturing based on electrochemical oxidation.
A High‐Speed Photodetector Fabricated with Tungsten‐Doped MoS2 by Ion Implantation
Authors: Chen Rui , Pei Yongfeng , Kang Yufan , Liu Jiangchao , Xia Yan , Wang Jing , Xu Hang , Jiang Changzhong , Li Wenqing , Xiao Xiangheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a promising 2D semiconductor material for its unique characteristics such as tunable bandgap, high electrical conductivity, and strong light–matter interaction. Presently, many efforts have been made to modulate its properties, such as surface engineering, strain introduction, doping, and so on. Recently, it has been proved that substitutional metal doping is an effective approach to tune the energy bandgap of the aimed material and improve the performance of the device. Conventional metal doping methods will inevitably introduce impurities or defects and cannot control doping regions. Ion implantation is widely used in traditional semiconductor modification processes due to its high efficiency, controllability, and homogeneity. But it is rarely applied to 2D materials because of the damage caused during the implantation process. Here, the SiO2 substrate is implanted by tungsten ion implantation and then the tungsten doping of MoS2 is successfully achieved by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth process, while avoiding direct implantation damage to it. The W‐doped MoS2 photodetectors show a high‐speed response with a rise/fall time of 210 ms/160 ms. This work provides a novel doping strategy for metal doping of 2D materials and opens a new avenue to modify 2D materials properties.
Impacts of climate change on water management
Authors: Fei Chengcheng J. , McCarl Bruce A. , Yang Yingqian , Ayana Essayas Kaba , Srinivasan Raghavan , Lei Yuhong , Li Lingyi , Sheng Bingru , Fan Xinxin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractClimate change and increasing demands are stressing water allocation. In many places, water reallocation and expensive water development actions are being undertaken with more likely to be stimulated by climate change. Here we examine reallocation and development actions between and within municipal, agricultural, and energy industry users in a water‐scarce region and examine how climate change stimulates further actions. We built a regional agricultural, water and electricity two‐stage stochastic model that simulates optimal strategies in South Central Texas. We find that climate change significantly expands water development, causes agricultural water use reduction and reallocation to municipal interests.
Promotional achievement of economists: Does being agricultural or female matter?
Authors: Juraqulova Zarrina , McCluskey Jill J. , Mittelhammer Ron C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article analyzes factors that predict the academic rank of Economics and Agricultural Economics faculty. While female faculties are under‐represented in both types of academic departments, we find that significant factors in predicting the academic rank of female faculty are primarily professional contributions represented by publications and experience. Agricultural Economics departments require more publications than Economics in order to achieve the same positive effect on the latent indicator of higher academic rank. The positive contribution of publications to higher academic rank status is larger for females than for males for both types of economists. The result is suggestive of potential benefits relating to policies that support women in their ability to publish.
Obtaining model parameters of drying kinetics for highly shrinkable materials without knowing the surface area a priori
Authors: Liu Tao , Yang Shilei , Fu Nan , Xiao Jie , Putranto Aditya , Chen Xiao Dong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractShrinkage parameters of highly shrinkable materials such as length, diameter and surface area during drying are difficult to quantify in situ. However, these are significant components of an accurate model. In this study, an attempt to isolate the surface area effect is reported in order to fetch the REA model (reaction engineering approach) parameters without knowing it a priori. Carrot cube and cabbage leaf were selected as experimental material and dried with hot air under a range of conditions. Shrinkages was calculated using an optical method which is used to qualitatively compare with that “calculated” using the current approach. By matching the experimental temperature and moisture content profiles against time after obtaining REA parameters for both samples without knowing the surface area, the surface areas can be “calculated” numerically. Surface area was found to be affected by sample temperature as well as the moisture content. Drying simulations can be well carried out when correlating the surface area against sample moisture content X and temperature T, and it provides the best accuracy in predicting data on T and X vs. time. In addition, carrot cube can shrink ideally while cabbage leaf cannot. The overall relative errors of predicted moisture content and temperature were less than 1%.
Simulation and optimization of VPSA system based on pseudo transient continuation method
Authors: Niu Zhaoyang , Tang Zhongli , Li Wenbin , Shen Yuanhui , Zhang Donghui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn order to address the challenge of optimization of pressure swing adsorption systems, an optimization framework based on pseudo transient continuation method was used and a corresponding library with several models was established for simulation of more complex processes. Then, two vacuum pressure swing adsorption processes for oxygen and nitrogen production were considered as case studies and the results based on the single discretization and pseudo transient method were compared and analyzed in detail. Besides, a new strategy was proposed for the stability and efficiency of simulation. Finally, reduced successive quadratic programming and time relaxation algorithm were used for the optimization of the two systems, respectively, and the results showed that the time relaxation algorithm based on the pseudo transient framework has a strong advantage in saving optimization time cost compared with the former.
Modifying the Electrocatalytic Selectivity of Oxidation Reactions with Ionic Liquids
Authors: Yang Tian , Yang Juntao , Deng Xin , Franz Evanie , Fromm Lukas , Taccardi Nicola , Liu Zhi , Görling Andreas , Wasserscheid Peter , Brummel Olaf , Libuda Jörg 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe “solid catalyst with ionic liquid layer” (SCILL) is an extremely successful new concept in heterogeneous catalysis. The idea is to boost the selectivity of a catalyst by its modification with an ionic liquid (IL). Here, we show that it is possible to use the same concept in electrocatalysis for the selective transformation of organic compounds. We scrutinize the electrooxidation of 2,3‐butanediol, a reaction which yields two products, singly oxidized acetoin and doubly oxidized diacetyl. When adding the IL (1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium trifluormethanesulfonate, [C2C1Im][OTf]), the selectivity for acetoin increases drastically. By in situ spectroscopy, we analyze the underlying mechanism: Specific adsorption of the IL anions suppresses the activation of water for the second oxidation step and, thus, enhances the selectivity for acetoin. Our study demonstrates the great potential of this approach for selective transformation of organic compounds.
Partial Metalation of Porphyrin Moieties in Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks Provides Enhanced CO2 Photoreduction Activity
Authors: Zhang An‐An , Si Duanhui , Huang Haibo , Xie Lei , Fang Zhi‐Bin , Liu Tian‐Fu , Cao Rong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn natural photosynthesis, the architecture of multiproteins integrates more chromophores than redox centers and simultaneously creates a well‐controlled environment around the active site. Herein, we demonstrate that these features can be emulated in a prototype hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF) through simply varying the proportion of metalated porphyrin in the structure. Further studies demonstrate that changing the metalloporphyrin content not only realizes a fine tuning of the photosensitizer/catalyst ratio, but also alters the microenvironment surrounding the active site and the charge separation efficiency. As a result, the obtained material achieves the challenging overall CO2 reduction with a high HCOOH production rate (29.8 μmol g−1 h−1, scavenger free), standing out from existing competitors. This work unveils that the degree of metalation is vital to the catalytic activity of the porphryinic framework, presenting as a new strategy to optimize the performance of heterogeneous catalysts.
Low‐coordinate cobalt(0) N‐heterocyclic carbene complexes as catalysts for hydrosilylation of alkynes
Authors: Bai Wenli , Sun Jian , Wang Dongyang , Bai Sheng‐Di , Deng Liang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAmong the great efforts of developing cobalt‐based catalysts for hydrosilylation reactions, cobalt (II) and cobalt(I) complexes are the extensively studied ones. In contrast, explorations on cobalt(0) complexes are relatively rare. Presented herein is the investigation on the catalytic performance of low‐coordinate cobalt(0) N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes in the hydrosilylation reaction of alkynes, which disclosed the fine performance of [(CyIDep)Co(η2‐CH2CHSiMe3)2] (CyIDep denotes for a 1,3‐bis(2′,6′‐diethylphenyl)imidazole‐2‐ylidene that bears fused cyclohexyl group on the imidazole backbone) in catalyzing the syn‐addition of a series of symmetric and unsymmetric internal alkynes with H2SiPh2, producing vinylsilanes with high regio‐selectivity. Mechanistic study indicates that the catalytic reaction likely proceeds on a cobalt(0)/cobalt(II) cycle and that the high selectivity is governed by the steric nature of the NHC ligand.
Effect of steel slag bed material on ash deposition and Na migration in circulating fluidised bed during Zhundong lignite combustion
Authors: Liu Zhuo , Li Jianbo , Long Xiaofei , Lu Xiaofeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study verified the effect of steel slag as alternative bed material on ash deposition in circulating fluidised bed (CFB) burning high‐sodium Zhundong lignite (ZD). Sample of ZD was burned in a lab‐scale CFB at 950°C, and the obtained fly ash and ash deposits were characterised. Results showed that the presence of steel slag bed material leads to the abundance of Na (2.39 wt%) in fly ash. Na‐bearing minerals such as Na2SO4, Na2Si2O5 and NaCl of low melting points had been identified, resulting in severe ash deposition on heat transfer surfaces than that with quartz as bed material. This could be mitigated by incorporating 10 wt% oil shale semi‐coke (SC) into ZD, among which Na was captured by aluminosilicate and retained in the interior of SC as (Na, Ca)Al(Si, Al)3O8 of high melting point. Na in the fly ash thus decreased to 1.05 wt% and in the form of high melting‐point Na(AlSi3O8). In addition, ESEM confirms that the SC particles after capturing Na still had an ash fusion temperature of 1280°C, which were insufficient to induce bed particle agglomeration.
A novel phosphorus compound acting as a substitute of DOPO for flame retard of epoxy resin
Authors: Han Yichen , Jin Liang , Xu Tingting , Zhao Hui , Wang Xinlong , Yuan Lailai , Chen Lixin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract9,10‐Dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene (DOPO) is the star product in flame retard of epoxy resin (EP). However, its limited production capacity can hardly meet the market demand. In this work, a new phosphorus‐containing flame retardant named as methanephosphonite (MTA) was successfully synthesized to substitute the DOPO in EP. Due to the supreme efficiency of the gas phase mechanism, only 1.5 wt% of phosphorus is sufficient to achieve V0 rating and the LOI is as high as 31.4%. In addition, MTA can effectively suppress the heat release during combustion, and the peak of the heat release rate (pk‐HRR) of the MTA/EP‐2.0 decreases 50% than that of neat EP. Besides, the introduction of MTA does not significantly deteriorate the mechanical properties of the thermoset MTA/EP‐1.5, both of the flexural strength and impact strength reduce less than 15%, which shows a great value for EP material.
Grundinstandsetzung Wehr Geesthacht an der Elbe
Authors: Jäppelt Ulrich , Rother Roland , von Thaden Harald 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDie Wehranlage Geesthacht befindet sich etwa 140 km oberhalb der Elbmündung und wurde in den Jahren 1957–1960 als Bestandteil der Staustufe Geesthacht errichtet. Die Wehranlage staut den Mittellauf der Elbe auf das für die Schifffahrt erforderliche Niveau und bildet die Grenze der Tideelbe. Auf Grundlage umfangreicher Zustandsuntersuchungen am Bauwerksbestand erfolgte eine Voruntersuchung für die Grundinstandsetzung und darauf aufbauend wurde der Entwurf für ein ausgewähltes Wehrfeld ausgearbeitet. Derzeit werden weitergehende hydraulische Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Im nächsten Schritt soll die Grundinstandsetzung für alle Wehrfelder ausgearbeitet werden. Parallel zu den genannten Untersuchungen der Wehrfelder erfolgte die Grundinstandsetzungsplanung für die Ufersicherungsbauten am Südufer der Wehranlage. In diesem Bereich befindet sich auch der Hauptzulauf, über den die Sektoren aller vier Wehrfelder gesteuert werden. Aufgrund der festgestellten erheblichen Defizite wurde entschieden, die erforderliche Erneuerung der Uferwände und den Neubau des Hauptzulaufs im Vorwege der Grundinstandsetzung der Wehrfelder durchzuführen. Die Ersatzneubauten waren so zu konzipieren, dass bisherige Anlagendefizite beim Hauptzulauf behoben werden und dass für den angrenzenden Fischaufstieg spätere Anpassungen zur Verbesserung der ökologischen Durchgängigkeit möglich sind.
Prevalence of urolithiasis in Sarawak and associated risk factors: An ultrasonagraphy‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Perumal Kamal Raj , Chua Richelle Huey Bing , Teh Guan Chou , Lei Clarence Chang Moh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this research is to study the prevalence of urolithiasis among the population of Sarawak Malaysia and the associated risk factors.Patients and MethodsA survey was conducted among individuals aged ≥18 years age in three primary health care clinics in the main cities of Sarawak from March 2019 to March 2020. Participants underwent face‐to‐face interview using a predesigned and standardised questionnaire. Details on demographic data, comorbidities, dietary variables and lifestyle were collected. Ultrasonographic examination of the kidney, ureter and bladder was performed followed by blood and urine sampling. Prevalence was defined as the proportion of participants with kidney stones, and univariate logistic regression was used to estimate the associated factors.ResultsA total of 1087 participants (486 male, 601 female) completed the questionnaire. Ultrasonographic examination and laboratory investigation were carried out, with an overall response rate of 98.8%. The prevalence of ultrasonographic proven urolithiasis in the sample studied was 4.04%. The mean age of patients with urolithiasis was 50.05 (SD 14.6, range 18–89), and the male to female ratio was 1.2: 1. Univariate analysis showed that odd ratio of personal history of urolithiasis (0.16, p:0.00), salty food intake (0.39, p:0.02), family history of urolithiasis (0.39, p:0.01), and hypertension (1.77, p:0.04) was significantly associated with a greater risk of urolithiasis.ConclusionThe prevalence of urolithiasis in this study population is 4.04%. It affects males and females equally; 61.4% are in the age group of 25–64 years. Hypertension, high salt diet, personal history of urolithiasis and family history of urolithiasis are significant risk factors.
Paper mill sludge‐based carbon quantum dots as a specifically ratiometric fluorescent probe for the sensitive and selective detection of coptisine
Authors: Chen Yingxin , Huang Xiaotong , Li Lu , Wu Junxian , Guo Yongqi , Yao Yachao , Zhou Lihua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCoptisine (COP), one of the bioactive components in Rhizoma Coptidis, has many pharmacological effects. Meanwhile, the determination of COP is essential in pharmacological and clinical applications. Herein, we prepared carbon quantum dots (CQDs) by one‐step oil‐thermal method using paper mill sludge (PMS) as precursor, and developed a ratiometric fluorescence method for the determination of COP. The structural and optical properties of PMS‐CQDs were evaluated through high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis), fluorescence, zeta potential and fluorescence lifetime experiments. Fluorescence intensity ratio at 550 nm and 425 nm (I550/I425) was recorded as an index for quantitative detection of COP. The detection concentration of COP ranges from 0.1 to 50 μM in good linear correlation (R2 = 0.9974) with a limit of detection of 0.028 μM (3σ/k). The quenching mechanism was deduced to be inner filter effect and static quenching. The ratiometric fluorescent probe showed impressive selectivity and sensitivity towards COP, and was successfully applied to the detection of COP in human urine with expected recoveries (95.22–111.00%) and relative standard deviations (0.46–2.95%), indicating that our developed method has a great application prospect in actual sample detection.