bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Variable Viscosity on Unsteady Couette Flow
Authors: Jha Basant Kumar , Danjuma Yahaya Jibrin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis research presents the effect of space‐dependent and viscosity variation on the time‐dependent flow of viscous, incompressible fluid in a finite channel (Couette flow). The viscosity of the fluids is assumed to grow exponentially. The governing equations and the boundary conditions are nondimensionalized with the aid of dimensionless parameters and solved semi‐analytically using the Laplace transformation method and its numerical inversion approach called Riemann‐sum approximation (RSA). Time‐dependent velocity profiles, time‐dependent skin frictions, and time‐dependent mass flow rates of the fluids with variables viscosity and of the fluids with constant viscosity are obtained exactly in the Laplace domain in terms of modified Bessel functions of the first and second kinds. Due to the complexity of the solutions to the problem, the analytical procedure could not be obtained in the time domain, so the RSA is sought. For the validation of the method used, steady‐state solutions of the velocity profiles, skin frictions, and the mass flow rates of the fluids with variable viscosity and constant viscosity are obtained analytically and compared with the numerical results. Graphs are plotted and tables are tabulated for the analysis of the effect of space‐dependent and viscosity variation of the fluid flows. In the course of analysis, it is observed that the velocity profile is higher in the case where the fluid viscosity is constant compared with the variable viscosity.
The Impact of Cash Flow Uncertainty on Investment‐Cash Flow Sensitivity in China: The Debt Financing Channel
Authors: Ding Sai , Kim Minjoo , Zhang Xiao , Zhou Yanyu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTChinese firms' investment‐cash flow sensitivity (ICFS) declined during the global financial crisis (GFC), contradicting the conventional financial constraint interpretation of ICFS. We analyse this phenomenon by examining how cash flow uncertainty affects financing investment. We find that ICFS reveals not only the relationship between investment and cash flow but also that between internal funds and debt financing. When internal funds and debt financing are complementary, cash flow uncertainty decreases ICFS more than when they are substitutes. The relationship between internal funds and debt financing weakens when cash flow uncertainty rises. A natural experiment based on the GFC and the post‐GFC economic stimulus package confirms the causal relationship between cash flow uncertainty and ICFS.
Pancreas Segmentation Based on Multi‐Stage Attention Enhanced U‐Net
Authors: He Peng , Kong Qian qian , Chen Yun , Shao Chang Bin , Su Zhen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTConsidering that the pancreas occupies a very small proportion of the abdominal organs and varies in size, shape, and position, U‐Net encounters challenges related to intra‐class inconsistency and inter‐class indistinction in pancreatic segmentation tasks. To address these issues, this paper proposes a pancreas segmentation method based on a multi‐stage attention enhanced U‐Net to effectively leverage feature information at each stage of the U‐Net architecture. In particular, during the encoding phase of U‐Net, triple attention is utilized to capture dependencies between different dimensions; during the skip connection phase, a channel cross‐fusion Transformer is introduced to fuse multi‐scale channel information from different layers of the encoder; and during the decoding phase, feature integration convolution is employed to enhance the model's capacity for integrating global and local information. A four‐fold cross‐validation was performed on 82 Three‐Dimensional Computed Tomography (3D CT) scans from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and 281 3D CT scans from the Medical Segmentation Decathlon (MSD) to evaluate the proposed model. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieved superior performance on both pancreatic datasets, surpassing mainstream pancreatic segmentation methods, with average Dice scores of 87.16% and 87.53%, respectively, yielding improvements of 2.58% and 1.71% compared to U‐Net. The proposed method is an end‐to‐end pancreatic segmentation algorithm suitable for small organ region segmentation in complex tissues, capable of high‐precision pancreatic segmentation in processing entire 3D CT image slices.
Application of psychobiotics in clinical treatment of mental disorders: Neurodevelopmental disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, depression and anxiety
Authors: Cui Jingwei , Wang Wenxin , Tang Yue , Feng Siyuan , Liu Hong , Hao Zikai 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPsychobiotics are a distinct category of probiotics known for their beneficial effects on human health, particularly in influencing mental well‐being. Typical psychobiotics include genera such as Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Bifidobacterium. The gut microbiota influences bidirectional communication between the brain and the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Neurons in the enteric nervous system directly interact with neurotransmitters, short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), gut hormones, and anti‐inflammatory cytokines produced by the gut microbiota, thereby affecting signal transmission in the central nervous system. Unlike traditional probiotics, psychobiotics have the capacity to generate or stimulate the host to produce neurotransmitters, SCFAs, gut hormones, and anti‐inflammatory cytokines. It is precisely this potential that has led to the widespread use of psychobiotics over the past decade to improve and treat mental disorders. This article briefly reviews the clinical applications of psychobiotics in improving and treating conditions such as neurodevelopmental disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, depression and anxiety. It is proposed that the novel therapeutic approach of using Bacillus licheniformis as an adjuvant treatment for patients with depression shows a certain degree of feasibility. Finally, this review suggests that the current evidence regarding the improvement and treatment of mental and neurological disorders with psychobiotics is still limited. Further in‐depth research is needed to clarify their effectiveness and mechanisms of action in the clinical management of various mental disorders.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Willingness of Caregivers of Preterm Infants Toward Autism: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Ma Dan , Luo Hong , Wang Yanhong , Zhou Wei , Lu Yongguang , Lv Binhao , Zhang Li , Hua Yimin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundTo examine the knowledge, attitudes and willingness of caregivers of preterm infants toward autism spectrum disorder (ASD).MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted from September to December 2022 at the Hospital and enrolled the caregivers of preterm infants. The final questionnaire, developed by the authors, included four dimensions: demographic data, knowledge (16 items), attitudes (10 items) and willingness (seven items).ResultsThis study included 702 participants (77.21% females). The average knowledge, attitude and willingness scores were 7.75 ± 3.47 (total: 16), 38.54 ± 4.38 (total: 50) and 31.38 ± 3.95 (total: 35), respectively. Female (OR = 1.945, 95% CI: 1.182–2.797, p = 0.003), college or bachelor's (OR = 4.429, 95% CI: 1.525–9.788, p = 0.006), master or above (OR = 3.864, 95% CI: 1.194–12.500, p = 0.024) and stable work (OR = 2.098, 95% CI: 1.421–3.098, p < 0.001) were independently associated with sufficient knowledge. Age 30–34 (OR = 0.639, 95% CI: 0.423–0.695, p = 0.033), age ≥ 35 (OR = 0.517, 95% CI: 0.334–0.802, p = 0.003) and urban residency (OR = 1.697, 95% CI: 1.118–2.576, p = 0.013) were independently associated with favourable attitudes. The knowledge scores (OR = 1.100, 95% CI: 1.041–1.162, p = 0.001), attitude scores (OR = 1.212, 95% CI: 1.158–1.690, p < 0.001) and a monthly income of 10,000–20,000 RMB (OR = 2.125, 95% CI: 1.208–3.736, p = 0.009) were independently associated with the positive willingness.ConclusionsThis study observed poor knowledge but favourable attitudes and willingness toward ASD among caregivers of preterm infants. More attention should be paid to the education of caregivers to improve the knowledge of autism in the families of premature infants.
Regio Selective Synthesis of Pyrazole Derivatives of 5‐Chloro‐2‐Methoxy Phenyl Hydrazide and Their Biological Evaluation
Authors: Bavishi Abhay , Vala Hardev , Swami Sagar , Thakrar Shailesh , Shah Anamik , Sarkar Dhiman 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPresent study involves synthesis of derivatives of (5‐chloro‐2‐methoxyphenyl) (5‐alkyl‐3‐(substituted) (phenyl/alkyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl) methanones. Structural elucidation of the synthesized compounds was depicted by the data of 1H and 13C NMR, IR, and Mass spectral analysis. The newly synthesized compounds 1a–1d and 2a–2i were screened in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra using an established XRMA protocol. Among the screened compounds, 2d, 2f, and 2h showed good percent inhibition against the active stage of M. tuberculosis H37Ra 80.77, 55.70, and 79.54, respectively, at 30 μg/mL of inhibitor concentration. Further in secondary screening, compound 2d exhibited significant antitubercular activity on the active stage of M. tuberculosis H37Ra with IC50 of 0.208 μg/mL. The synthesized compounds were also screened for antibacterial activity and found no significant activity against Gram‐positive Bacteria Bacillus subtitles and Staphylococcus aureus and Gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli at 30 μg/mL, which confirms the specificity of inhibitory activity against M. tuberculosis and more selectively against the active stage. The present study will be helpful for the further development of these molecules into antitubercular lead candidates.
Finite Element Model of Patient‐Specific Flanged Acetabular Components Highlights Biomechanical Effects of Bone Density and Cortical Shell Thickness
Authors: Lee Haena‐Young , Boettner Friedrich , Blevins Jason L. , Rodriguez Jose A. , Lipman Joseph D. , Quevedo González Fernando J. , Bostrom Mathias P. , Wright Timothy M. , Sculco Peter K. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPatient‐specific flanged acetabular components are utilized to treat failed total hip arthroplasties with severe acetabular defects. We previously developed and published a finite element model that investigated the impact of hip joint center lateralization on construct biomechanics during gait conditions. This model consisted of a patient‐specific implant designed to address a superior‐medial defect created in a standard pelvic geometry. This study aims to utilize the same model and examine how cortical shell thickness and ischial cancellous bone density affect the strain distribution in the bone and bone–implant micromotion. Using published studies and bone density analyses of patients who had undergone total hip arthroplasties with flanged acetabular components, we established a thickness range for the cortical shell (1.5, 1, and 0.75 mm) and two levels of ischial cancellous bone density (100% and 25%). We compared the resulting bone strains against the fatigue strength of the bone (0.3% strain) as a criterion for local bone failure and the bone–implant micromotion against the threshold associated with bone ingrowth (20 µm). A thinner pelvic cortical shell and lower ischial cancellous bone density increased areas of bone at risk of failure, particularly at the ischial screws (from 6% to 38%), and decreased areas compatible with bone ingrowth. These findings agree with our clinical knowledge that compromised ischial bone and inadequate ischial fixation negatively impact the survivorship of flanged acetabular components. This series establishes our modeling approach of a computational model that can be utilized to guide implant design to best treat unique acetabular defects.
Long‐term growth and nutrition outcomes in children following intestinal transplantation
Authors: Miri Ahmad , Iverson Angela K. , Law Nathan , Lee Junghyae , Quiros Navarrete Ruben E. , Reyes‐Santiago Emille M. , Nakayuenyongsuk Warapan , Mercer David F. , Vargas Luciano M. , Merani Shaheed , Grant Wendy J. , Langnas Alan N. , Quiros‐Tejeira Ruben E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveIntestinal transplantation (ITx) has become an accepted option for children with serious complications from intestinal failure and parenteral nutrition (PN) dependence. We aimed to assess long‐term growth and nutritional outcomes in these patients. We also assessed factors influencing nutritional status and ability to wean off tube feedings (TFs) after ITx.MethodsWe looked retrospectively into post‐ITx growth parameters, nutrition treatment, and micronutrient status for children who survived for 5 or more years after ITx. One hundred thirty‐three children between 1993 and 2014 were involved. Descriptive data and growth parameters were collected over 15 years after ITx. We also analyzed influencing factors, including the presence of permanent stoma, prolonged use of steroids, partial gastrectomy at the time of ITx, developmental delay, concurrent visceral transplant, and graft rejection episodes.ResultsThere was an increase in the height z‐scores over the 15‐year period post‐ITx (p < 0.001). There was a downward trend in body mass index (BMI) z‐scores over the 15‐year post‐ITx period. Isolated intestinal transplant patients showed a better height z‐score compared to multivisceral transplant (p = 0.04). The height and BMI z‐scores for patients on steroids were not significantly different from the z‐scores for steroid‐free patients (p = 0.72, 0.99, respectively). There was no significant change in height and BMI z‐scores based on prednisolone dose: ≤0.2 mg/kg (p = 0.76); >0.2 mg/kg (p = 0.52). Patients were more likely to require supplemental TF up to 15 years post‐ITx when they had partial gastrectomy (p < 0.001), permanent ostomy (p = 0.009), or developmental delay (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThere was improved long‐term linear growth post‐ITx. Developmental delay, partial gastrectomy, and a permanent ostomy are likely to delay TF wean post‐ITx.
Single‐Malt Whisky Versus Cocktail? Approaches to Surgical Lymphedema Management
Authors: Lazar Sabrina Valentina , Song Sophia , Eggert Gina Rose , Cheng Ming‐Huei , Nguyen Dung Hoang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTLymphedema is a chronic, dynamic, and multifaceted disease that is effectively treated by surgery. However, there is a lack of consensus in the field about the ideal technique; is it better to perform one surgery type at a time (the “single‐malt whisky” approach), or combine different procedures in a single surgery (the “cocktail” approach)? Here, we review advances in these opposing camps, compare outcomes, and discuss potential paradigm shifts in the surgical treatment of lymphedema.
Moral injury: State of the Science
Authors: Litz Brett T. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, I provide a concise overview of the state of the scientific study of moral injury (MI). I argue that the state of science is immature, characterized by the lack of a paradigmatic theory and a lack of rigor in terms of construct definition and measurement. Because researchers, clinicians, and the media reify the results of empirical and clinical outcome studies that are chiefly exploratory and fraught with internal validity problems, enthusiasm about MI continues to far outweigh scientific and actionable, practice‐based knowledge. I posit that the field needs to have epistemic humility about MI, focus on building a paradigmatic model to generate and test hypotheses that will ultimately create knowledge about the causes and consequences of MI, and employ evidence‐based assessment and intervention approaches to mitigate and treat the problem. To facilitate research in this area, I summarize the social–functional theory of moral behavior and a new theory of MI based on it. I also make recommendations for future research to advance the field into a normal science, which requires hypothesis‐driven research and valid measurement.
Abnormal Unidirectional Lasing from the Combined Effect of non‐Hermitian Modulated Bound States in the Continuum and Fabry–Pérot Resonance
Authors: Fang Yun‐tuan , Bu Fan , He Sailing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTo transform bound state‐in‐continuum (BIC)‐related unidirectional radiation into BIC‐related unidirectional lasing, a 1‐D grating with a parity‐time (PT)‐symmetry configuration is proposed. Through non‐Hermitian modulation, the BIC undergoes an asymmetric split in the –k and +k spaces. Abnormal phenomena have also been observed. The asymmetric BIC makes the grating either a gain cavity or a loss cavity depending on the incident direction of the plane wave. With plane wave incidence, the grating exhibits Fano resonance with energy conservation. However, for diverging light incident from a line source or a Gaussian source, the coupling of the gain cavity and loss cavity produces a new phenomenon, unidirectional and single‐mode lasing with an interesting wavefront transformation from a diverging wave to a unidirectional plane wave. The physical mechanism is explained by the joint effect of the asymmetric PT‐BICs and cavity resonance.
Tailored Metal‐Oxygen Bonding in Amorphous Perovskite CoSnO3 for Broadband Ultrafast Laser State Active Manipulation
Authors: Kong Linghao , Chu Hongwei , Gao Shang , Pan Zhongben , Pan Han , Li Ying , Gao Kong , Zhao Shengzhi , Li Dechun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAmorphous perovskite CoSnO3 has attracted significant attention due to its unique properties and various modification methods. However, modifying metal‐oxygen bonds on the nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics remains uncharted. In this study, a dehydration method is employed to convert the metal‐hydroxyl bonds (M─OH) of hydroxide CoSn(OH)6 into metal‐oxygen bonds (M─O), successfully preparing amorphous CoSnO3 with oxygen vacancies. Subsequently, effective regulation of the metal‐oxygen bonds in amorphous CoSnO3 is achieved through an ion exchange strategy, yielding Fe‐doped CoSnO3 (Fe‐CoSnO3). Comprehensive characterization and analysis revealed that the regulation of metal‐oxygen bonds accelerated the electron transition rate, resulting in a fast recovery time of ≈245.1 fs for Fe‐CoSnO3, accompanied by a significant boost in broadband NLO properties. Notably, when Fe‐CoSnO3 is utilized as a saturable absorber (SA), it exhibited superior mode‐locking characteristics compared to CoSnO3 in the range of 1–2 µm. Specifically at the communication band of 1.5 µm, the dynamic switching between single‐wavelength and dual‐wavelength mode‐locking operations is achieved. With the ultrafast laser state manipulation, a digital encoding is also demonstrated. This work confirmed that the tailoring of metal‐oxygen bonds makes Fe‐CoSnO3 an excellent NLO material for ultrafast optical applications, and this tailoring strategy provides new insights for designing advanced NLO materials.
The Current Progress in the Quest for Vaccines Against the Semliki Forest Virus Complex
Authors: Cheong Dorothy Hui Juan , Yi Bowen , Wong Yi Hao , Chu Justin Jang Hann 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe Semliki Forest virus (SFV) complex comprises of arboviruses that are transmitted by arthropod vectors and cause acute febrile illness in humans. In the last seven decades, re‐emergence of these viruses has resulted in numerous outbreaks globally, affecting regions including Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe and the Caribbean. These viruses are transmitted to humans by the bite of infected mosquitoes. Symptoms of infection include high fever, severe joint pain, skin rash, muscle pain and headache. Fatal cases were reported, and mortality rate increased during the epidemic of these viruses. There is therefore a need to control the spread of these emerging arboviruses. Given that vaccination is one of the most effective ways to protect populations against viral outbreaks, efforts have been made to develop and test potential vaccine candidates. However, there are still no licensed vaccines available against the medically important viruses in the SFV complex. This review first summarizes the current knowledge of the SFV complex disease pathogenesis. Next, seven strategies that have been applied in vaccine development against these viruses are reviewed, indicating the immune response and efficacies of these vaccine candidates in in vivo models of infection. Finally, the more promising candidates that have entered clinical trials are discussed and insights into the future development of vaccines for viruses of the SFV complex are given.
Spatiotemporal Control Over Circadian Rhythms With Light
Authors: Kolarski Dušan , Szymanski Wiktor , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCircadian rhythms are endogenous biological oscillators that synchronize internal physiological processes and behaviors with external environmental changes, sustaining homeostasis and health. Disruption of circadian rhythms leads to numerous diseases, including cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders. Despite the potential to restore healthy rhythms in the organism, pharmacological chronotherapy lacks spatial and temporal resolution. Addressing this challenge, chrono‐photopharmacology, the approach that employs small molecules with light‐controlled activity, enables the modulation of circadian rhythms when and where needed. Two approaches—relying on irreversible and reversible drug activation—have been proposed for this purpose. These methodologies are based on photoremovable protecting groups and photoswitches, respectively. Designing photoresponsive bioactive molecules requires meticulous structural optimization to obtain the desired chemical and photophysical properties, and the design principles, detailed guidelines and challenges are summarized here. In this review, we also analyze all the known circadian modulators responsive to light and dissect the rationale following their construction and application to control circadian biology from the protein level to living organisms. Finally, we present the strength of a reversible approach in allowing the modulation of the circadian period and the phase.
Complexation of CcmB with CcmACD safeguards heme translocation for cytochrome c maturation
Authors: Xu Yuanyou , Wang Wei , Zhang Qianrou , Han Sirui , Wang Jiahao , Wu Shihua , Gao Haichun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCytochrome c maturation (CCM), a posttranslational modification involving covalent attachment of heme to polypeptides (apocyt c), is essential for the activity and cellular function of cytochromes c. Here, we identify and substantiate CcmB as heme translocase in bacteria. When in excess, CcmB expels intracellular heme into the periplasm and thus is detrimental to the cell. We then show that complexation with CcmACD ensures heme translocated by CcmB to be used for CCM only. Moreover, structural analysis and atomistic molecular dynamics simulations reveal that CcmB absorbs heme from the membrane to a heme pocket formed in the dimer interface of the transmembrane helix‐bundles. These data, collectively by providing detailed insights into the conformational landscape of CcmB during heme entry, fill in the missing link in our understanding of the heme translocation for CCM.