bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working Paper 38: Cryptocurrencies in Asia and beyond: law, regulation and enforcement
Authors: Paesano Federico , Siron Dorothy 
Published: May 2022

The crypto industry has exploded in recent years, and authorities in different countries have been reacting in very different ways. Some have banned cryptocurrencies, while others are embracing them to varying degrees. Some are working hard to align their anti-money laundering regulations with FATF standards, while others are turning a blind eye. A few countries have confiscated huge quantities of crypto assets linked to crime and money laundering. Others are at square one in terms of enforcement, risking becoming a hub for crypto crime and money laundering and posing a serious vulnerability in the world’s financial system.
This Working Paper draws on a detailed analysis of how selected countries are addressing legal, regulatory and enforcement issues around cryptocurrencies and other virtual assets. The analysis is focused on Asia, but set in the context of global trends in crypto law, regulation and enforcement. It explores critical questions that will shape policies around virtual assets at the corporate, national and international levels:

What is working in terms of crypto regulation and enforcement?
What are the implications of different policy choices on crypto assets – for the industry, for the countries themselves and for global financial integrity as a whole?
What would the crypto wave possibly bring next?

The Paper also highlights broader developments needed to bring light and clarity to laws, policies and practices around the crypto industry, such as collaboration between both market players and governments.
Jurisdictions touched upon in this Working Paper alphabetically include Bhutan, Central African Republic, El Salvador, Hong Kong SAR, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Russia, Singapore, South Korea, the Philippines, the People’s Republic of China, Thailand, Ukraine and Vietnam.
A list of key terms and abbreviations have been prepared in the Annex to this Working Paper for the readers’ easy reference.
About this Working Paper
This Working Paper is a collaboration between Dorothy Siron, Co-Managing Partner, Zhong Lun Law Firm LLP and Federico Paesano, Senior Financial Investigation Specialist, Basel Institute on Governance.
Dorothy Siron provided the bulk of the analysis and discussion, while Federico Paesano provided a selection of case studies and was co-author of the seven recommendations contained in section 4. The collaboration was facilitated by the International Academy of Financial Crime Litigators, an independent, non-partisan global centre that shapes and advances financial crime litigation practices for the future.
The role of IL-1β in the development of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zaiats Liubomyr , Fedorchenko Yuliya , Zukow Walery 
Published: May 2022

Background. Currently, diabetes mellitus is the most common of all endocrine diseases with increasing tendency. The purpose of our research was to study the dynamics of serum levels of proinflammatory cytokine-IL-1β in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Materials and methods. The experiments were performed on 88 white male Wistar rats weighing 170-210 g. Animals were divided into three groups: 1 - intact; 2 - control; 3 - experimental with a model of diabetes mellitus, which was reproduced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin by “Sigma" company (USA), diluted in 0.1 M citrate buffer with a pH of 4.5, at a rate of 60 mg/kg body weight. The control group of animals received an intraperitoneal injection with an equivalent dose of 0.1 M citrate buffer solution with a pH of 4.5.
All studies were performed under thiopental-sodium anesthesia at a rate of 60 mg/kg body weight. Serum levels of IL-1β were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Elabscience, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions 14, 28, 42 and 70 days after streptozotocin injection. The STATISTICA 10 program was used for statistical processing of the obtained results. Results. Conducted biochemical analysis showed that in animals with streptozotocin-induced diabetes there was an increase in the content of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β compared with similar indicators in the control group of animals at all stages of the experiment: after 14 days by 22.5%, after 28 days by 40.2%, after 42 days by 72.8% and after 70 days by 107.2%. Conclusion. The obtained results suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β plays one of the leading roles in the pathogenesis of streptozotocin-induced diabetes, as indicated by a significant increase in serum of this cytokine at all stages of the experiment.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN ES KRIM HERBAL DAN INOVASI KEMASAN PRODUK JAMU DI DUSUN KIRINGAN-JETIS, BANTUL, YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Widyowati Retno , Ekasari Wiwied , Purwitasari Neny , Widyawaruyanti Aty , Sukardiman Sukardiman , Wahyuningsih Iis 
Published: May 2022

Dusun Kiringan-Jetis, Bantul, merupakan desa wisata jamu gendong dengan penduduk mayoritas berprofesi sebagai pengrajin jamu. Jamu yang mereka jual secara turun-temurun terbatas dalam bentuk jadi dan setengah jadi. Perlu adanya peningkatan diversifikasi produk jamu untuk meningkatkan nilai jualnya. Kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan ketrampilan usaha dalam meningkatkan kualitas dan mengembangkan produk jamu yang akan dijual.Â Untuk dapat mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan dari kegiatan ini maka dilakukan upaya: (1) Edukasi dan pelatihanÂ ketrampilan membuat es krim herbal dan (2) edukasi dan pelatihan ketrampilan membuat inovasi kemasan produk jamu yang aman dan menarik.Tim pelaksana kegiatan ini terdiri dari dosen dan mahasiswa S1 Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Airlangga dan Universitas Ahmad Dahlan.Â Dari kegiatan tersebut terlihat antusias para peserta pelatihan, peningkatan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan dalam pembuatan es krim herbal dan inovasi kemasan produk. Hal ini terlihat dari peningkatan skorÂ post-testsetelah dilakukan pelatihan.Besar harapan para peserta kegiatan untuk dapat mengaplikasikan pengetahuan yang didapat sehingga dapat meningkatan perekonomian Dusun Kiringan-Jetis, Yogyakarta
MENINGKATKAN DERAJAT KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DI DUSUN PRINGGOLAYAN DENGAN MENERAPKAN 5 PILAR STBM
Authors: Faizal rangkuti Ahmad , Viaril Karimah Bella , Aninda Putri Dandi 
Published: May 2022

Permasalahan kesehatan dipengaruhi oleh banyak hal, baik yang bersifat internal (dari dalam diri manusia) maupun yang bersifat eksternal (dari luar diri manusia). Salah satu upaya pemerintah dalam meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat yaitu melalui program nasional sanitasi total berbasis masyarakat (STBM). Menurut Permenkes RI No. 3 Tahun 2014 menjelaskan bahwa STBM adalah pendekatan untuk mengubah perilaku hygienis dan saniter melalui pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan cara pemicuan. Kegiatan pengabdian didahului dengan komunikasi dan sosialisasi rencana kegiatan. Pengambilan data masyarakat untuk mengetahui gambaran umum terkait permasalahan kesehatan lingkungan yang ada di Dusun Pringgolayan khususnya di RT 01, 02 dan 13 dengan metode survei dan observasi lapangan dari rumah ke rumah untuk mendapatkan data dengan panduan kuesioner lembar cheklist. Data yang sudah diperolehÂ kemudian diolah menjadi bahan untuk penyuluhan dan pelatihan. Warga sangat antusias mengikuti kegiatan ini. Berdasarkan hasil uji Wilcoxon diperoleh nilai p-value sebesar 0,000 (<0,05), artinya ada peningkatan pengetahuan yang bermakna antara sebelum (77%) dan sesudah (91%) diberikan penyuluhan. Warga Dusun Pringgolayan dapat memahami dengan baik pentingnya STBM.
Association between gastroesophageal reflux disease and coronary atherosclerosis
Authors: Song Ji Hyun , Kim Young Sun , Choi Su-Yeon , Yang Sun Young 
Published: May 2022

Background and aimGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) typically presents with symptoms of heartburn and acid regurgitation but occasionally manifests as atypical chest pain. Coronary artery disease (CAD) and GERD share some risk factors, such as smoking and obesity. The aims of this study were to evaluate the association between GERD and coronary atherosclerosis and to assess the risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis in GERD patients.MethodsA total of 16616 subjects who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy from 2003 to 2017 and a cardiac computed tomography (CT) scan within one year were included in this study. Coronary atherosclerosis was evaluated by the coronary artery calcium score (CACS). The severity of GERD was evaluated based on endoscopic findings using the Los Angeles classification.ResultsThe proportion of high CACSs (≥100) increased significantly in subjects with severe GERD (p= 0.008). However, the presence of a high CACS did not increase the risk of GERD (OR = 1.007, 95% CI 0.857–1.182), nor did that of GERD increase the risk of a high CACS (OR = 1.018, 95% CI 0.865–1.198). The risk factors for a high CACS in GERD patients included age (OR = 1.087, 95% CI 1.066–1.109), male sex (OR = 5.645, 95% CI 2.561–12.446), hypertension (OR = 1.800, 95% CI 1.325–2.446), and hypercholesterolemia (OR = 1.684, 95% CI 1.213–2.338).ConclusionsAlthough the presence of a high CACS did not increase the risk of GERD or vice versa, the proportion of high CACSs was significantly higher in subjects with severe GERD. Therefore, it might be helpful to assess the CACS in GERD patients with multiple risk factors.
Outcomes of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation following the 2018 adult heart allocation policy
Authors: Kim Samuel T. , Xia Yu , Tran Zachary , Hadaya Joseph , Dobaria Vishal , Choi Chun Woo , Benharash Peyman 
Published: May 2022

Background
The purpose of the study was to characterize changes in waitlist and post-transplant outcomes of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) patients bridged to heart transplantation under the 2018 adult heart allocation policy.

Methods
All adult patients listed for isolated heart transplantation from August 2016 to December 2020 were identified using the United Network for Organ Sharing database. Patients were stratified into Eras (Era 1 and Era 2) centered around the policy change on October 18, 2018. Competing risk regression was used to evaluate waitlist death or deterioration across Eras. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine associations between use of ECMO and 1-year post-transplant mortality within each Era.

Results
Of 8,902 heart transplants included in analysis, 339 (3.8%) were bridged with ECMO (Era 2: 6.1% vs Era 1: 1.2%, P<0.001). Patients bridged with ECMO in Era 2 were less frequently female (26.0% vs 42.0%, P = 0.02) and experienced shorter waitlist times (5 vs 11 days, P<0.001) along with a lower likelihood of waitlist death or deterioration (subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.45, 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.30–0.68, P<0.001) compared to those in Era 1. Use of ECMO was associated with increased post-transplant mortality at 1-year compared to all other transplants in Era 1 (hazard ratio 3.78, 95% CI 1.88–7.61, P < 0.001) but not Era 2.

Conclusions
Patients bridged with ECMO in Era 2 experience improved waitlist and post-transplant outcomes compared to Era 1, giving credence to the increased use of ECMO under the new allocation policy.
Explaining the cuspy dark matter halos by the Landau–Ginzburg theory
Authors: Kang Dong-Biao , Zhang Tong-Jie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe equilibrium cold dark matter halos show the almost universal innerr−1{r}^{-1}cusps, whose physical origin is still not completely clear. This work tries to further clarify this problem by the Landau–Ginzburg (LG) theory, which is often used to study the long-range correlation of the fluctuations in the critical phenomenon, and we will first introduce it in detail. The order parameter in this work is the density fluctuation, and the external perturbation is denoted by its gravitational effects on the particles. Then we discuss the availability of the aforementioned method for the cold dark matter halos and show that the universalr−1{r}^{-1}cusp may even form at the early age of the halo formation and can be expected for the dark matter halos with all the scales, which is also consistent with recent works. This article suggests that ther−1{r}^{-1}cusp may originate from the long-range correlations of the gravitating system. This correlation also exists in the short-range system near the critical point, and the difference is that the correlation length in the gravitating system is much longer than that of the short-range system.
Pre-reduction of carbon-containing pellets of high chromium vanadium–titanium magnetite at different temperatures
Authors: Zhu Kui-song , Cheng Xiang-kui , Lin Yin-he , Zhao Ying-tao , Yin Guo-liang , Li Jing-wei , Wang Jun , Cao Li 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The effect of temperature on phase transformation, metallization rate, carbon residue and agglomeration of metal Fe after the pre-reduction of carbon-containing pellets in high-chromium vanadium–titanium magnetite (HCVTM) was investigated. The results indicated that titanomagnetite was finally reduced to metal Fe and (Mg, Fe)Ti2O5 without low valence titanium oxide with increasing pre-reduction temperature from 950 to 1,250℃; Vanadium magnetite produces Fe, VO and VC0.88 without V, and chromite magnetite produces Fe, Cr2O3, CrC
x
and a small amount of Cr. With an increase in the pre-reduction temperature, the metallization rate in the metallized pellets gradually increases, while the content of the residual carbon gradually decreases. Meanwhile, the iron particles precipitated on the surface of ore particles begin to soften into strips and finally agglomerate to form spherical iron particles, which leads to the diameter of iron particles increasing from 8.23 to 182.35 μm. When the pre-reduction temperature is 1,250℃, the maximum metallization rate in the metallized pellets is 92.49 wt% and the minimum content of residual carbon is 10.37 wt%.
Nanotechnology interventions as a putative tool for the treatment of dental afflictions
Authors: Jain Pooja , Farooq Uzma , Hassan Nazia , Albratty Mohammed , Alam Md. Shamsher , Makeen Hafiz A. , Mirza Mohd. Aamir , Iqbal Zeenat 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Advancement in nanotechnology and its intervention into the medical field has led to significant development in the field of oral health. Also, the combination of nanomaterial science and biotechnology in dental nanorobotics has enthralled us by adding momentum to contemporary dental practices. The progressive nature of dental afflictions often requires an umbrella approach for their prevention, diagnosis, and complete treatment. Furthermore, the complex nature of dental diseases entails customized treatment modalities, which provides the development of various nanotechnology armamentariums. Furthermore, with the objective of controlled drug delivery, researchers have done a plethora of work to apply nanomaterials such as nanospheres, nanotubes, and nanocomposites for dental infections. However, the fundamental concern with nanotechnology is cost involvement and scaleup hurdles which limits its commercialization. Nevertheless, we hope that optimal utilization of the available nanotechnological interventions for modern dental practice will shortly improve oral health. Hence, this review primarily focuses on the types of nanotechnological interventions explored for various dental afflictions. Also, the authors have attempted to enlighten the readers about the practical aspects of nanotherapeutics for dental disease, that is, a journey from laboratory to product commercialization.
Study on abundant analytical solutions of the new coupled Konno–Oono equation in the magnetic field
Authors: Wang Kang-Jia , Liu Jing-Hua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this article, we focus on investigating the new coupled Konno–Oono equation that arises in the magnetic field. An effective technology called the Exp-function method (EFM) is utilized to find abundant analytical solutions. By this method, four families (28 sets) of the exact solutions, such as bright solitary, dark solitary, bright–dark solitary, double-bright solitary, double-dark solitary and kinky bright–dark solitary wave solutions, are constructed. The performances of the real, imaginary and absolute parts of the solutions are presented in the form of 3D contours. The results show that the EFM is a promising method to construct abundant analytical solutions for the partial differential equations arising in physics.
Photochromism influence on the luminescence spectrum of Bi4Ge3O12 single crystals doped with Mn
Authors: Bochkova T. M. , Kovalenko O. V. 
Published: May 2022

Bi4Ge3O12 crystals doped with Mn exhibit a considerable thermally stable photochromic effect. An additional absorption of light appears in the visible region of the optical absorption spectrum of the crystals irradiated with UV light. In the photoluminescence spectrum, both the intrinsic emission of a pure Bi4Ge3O12 crystal and the emission in the region of 580 nm caused by the presence of Mn2+ ions are observed. After UV exposure, the luminescence intensity of Mn-doped Bi4Ge3O12 crystals decreases. The emission associated with by Mn2+ ions disappears. The luminescence intensity of pure Bi4Ge3O12 decreases due to strong photoinduced absorption of light in this spectral region.
RESULTS OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE KNEE POSTEROLATERAL CORNER RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Golovakha Maxim , Bondarenko Stanislav , Orljanski Weniamin 
Published: May 2022

Posterolateral rotational knee instability is one of the insufficiently studied problems of modern orthopedics. Complexity of anatomy, difficulties of diagnosis together with a small number of such injuries did not allow to formulate a clear concept and algorithm for the treatment of such patients. Only in the last 10 years, this problem has been given attention. The paper describes a new minimally invasive technique of posterolateral corner reconstructionunder arthroscopic control. Objective. To analyze the long-term results of minimally invasive posterolateral corner reconstruction under arthroscopic control. Methods. The results of treatment of 58 patients were presented, 26 of them formed a study group and 32 — comparison. The dynamics of the pain syndrome, the nature of range of motion restoration, as well as tests of rotational stability were assessed. Results. Statistical analysis of long-term resultsshowed that pain syndrome after minimally invasive technique is significantly lower, and the function of the knee in dynamics recovers faster. The results of knee lateral stability were better in the study group. The main classification of posterolateral corner injuries by Fanelli and Larson is mostly consistent with clinical practice. However, it does not take into account clinical cases of anterior cruciate ligament ruptures combined with injuries of the posterolateralcorner. Conclusions. The use of the proposed method of minimally invasive knee posterolateral corner reconstruction with arthroscopic grafting of the popliteal tendon provided positive short-term and long-term results of treatment of patients, reduction of pain intensity after surgery and earlier recovery of range of motion in the knee. An increase complications and deterioration of function was not detected in any case.
Birth outcomes for infants born to mothers with COVID-19 at a tertiary care hospital in Telangana
Authors: Ananthula Hima Bindu , Vellanki Janaki 
Published: May 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has primarily affected adults of higher age groups, and the effect of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) appears to be less severe in infants and neonates. This study aims to evaluate the clinical manifestations, management, and short-term outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 in a tertiary care hospital in Telangana, India.The study is an observational study of neonates born to COVID-19-positive mothers delivered at Gandhi Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana from 1st July 2020 to 31 May 2021.Infection with SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 2.06 percent of neonates born to covid positive mothers. About 12.5% of those were symptomatic, with respiratory distress syndrome as the most common clinical manifestation. Symptomatic treatment was usually effective, and most neonates were discharged.The COVID-19 virus rarely affects the fetus during pregnancy and has low neonatal mortality, but is associated with adverse neonatal morbidity. Vertical transmission has not been observed in the majority of reported cases. A COVID-19 vaccine provides the best protection against the known risks of pregnancy for women and babies, including admission to the intensive care unit and preterm birth.
Knowledge, attitude and perception of perimenopausal and menopausal changes in middle age women (40-45 years) of urban population
Authors: Nagarwala Razia M , Banole Sayali P , Dabadghav Rachana P , Shyam Ashok K , Sancheti Parag K 
Published: May 2022

: Menopause is the period in women’s life when menstruation ceases for atleast 12 months. Perimenopause refers to the time during which body makes the natural transition to menopause. M Majority women attain menopause without having adequate knowledge and approaches to cope with the menopausal changes. So, they face many physical and psychological disorders during their menopause. So knowledge and awareness regarding it is very necessary.: To study knowledge, attitude and perception of perimenopausal and menopausal changes in middle age women of 40-45years of urban population.: It was a cross-sectional study in urban population (community set-up).: 100 female participants between the age group 40-45 years having regular or irregular menstrual cycle were asked to fill a self-made questionnaire which was face validated. : Descriptive analysis.: 99% women have heard about the term perimenopause and menopause of which 96% women have knowledge about it. 46% were aware about the physical symptoms, 84% about the emotional/psychological symptoms, 78% about the hormonal deficiency related symptoms and 92% about the bone and muscle related problems. 41% of women had knowledge about Hormonal Replacement Therapy. 51% of the women have knowledge about the exercise which helps cope with perimenopause and menopause symptoms.: More efforts are needed for creating awareness about symptoms, complication and risk factors associated with perimenopause and menopause and importance of exercise as the first line of treatment option to cure the symptoms.
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum VEGF levels in vitamin d deficient polycystic ovarian syndrome patients
Authors: Suman Surbhi , Singh Alpana , Nayan Deepika , Banerjee B D , Grover Chander 
Published: May 2022

To estimate and compare serum VEGF levels before and after vitamin D supplementation in vitamin D deficient PCOS patients. The present study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in collaboration with Department of Biochemistry at University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital (GTBH), Delhi from November 2017 to April 2019 (including enrollment of subjects, data analysis and thesis writing). Considering a standard deviation of 36.5 before supplementation and 42.7 after supplementation in VEGF levels in case of PCOS patients in study of Irani et al., to estimate an absolute difference of 31 units pg/ml decrease in VEGF levels, at α= 5% and power= 80%, a sample of 26 cases is required. Since there is a follow up of 3 months adding an attrition of 15%, the total sample size becomes 30 cases. Significant increase in serum vitamin D levels post supplementation was observed from pre supplementation 9.524±4.41 to post supplementation 32.07±12.40; p-value &#60;0.001. We observed significant fall in angiogenesis marker, serum VEGF levels post vitamin D supplementation from 773.547±344.173 to 639.97±119.02, p value 0.004 which suggests negative correlation between serum Vitamin D and serum VEGF levels. Vitamin D supplementation in PCOS patients who are vitamin D deficient, leads to significant fall in angiogenesis marker serum VEGF, which is manifested as improvement in clinical and biochemical parameters in these patients.