bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid from 2‐Furoic Acid by a Pd‐catalyzed Bromination–Hydroxycarbonylation Tandem Reaction in Acetate Buffer
Authors: Yao Yin‐Qing , Zhao Kai‐Chun , Zhuang Yi‐Ying , Chen Xiao‐Chao , Lu Yong , Liu Ye 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe one‐pot synthesis of 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid from 2‐furoic acid with a yield of 57 % was achieved for the first time using a Pd‐catalyzed bromination‐hydroxycarbonylation tandem reaction in HOAc‐NaOAc buffer. This synthetic protocol shows major improvements compared to previously reported methods, such as using biomass‐based 2‐furoic acid as low‐cost raw material, one‐pot synthesis without isolation of intermediate products, and no need for an acidification procedure. Experiments indicate that the involved Xantphos‐modified Pd‐catalyst and the buffer solution play significant promoting roles for each individual reaction whereas Br2 (as the brominating reagent) had a negative effect on the second hydroxycarbonylation step, while CO was deleterious for the first bromination step. Hence, in this practical one‐pot synthesis, Br2 should be consumed in the first bromination step as fully as possible, and CO is introduced after the first bromination step has been completed.
Emergency preparedness and response in palm oil mill and investigation of the employees' emergency preparedness knowledge and attitude
Authors: Ahmad Naim Nabilah Aliyah , Omar Rozita , Nik Ibrahim Nik Nor Liyana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSeveral legislations and standards have listed emergency preparedness and response (EPR) in palm oil mills as one of the requirements. EPR effectiveness depends on the knowledge and attitude of an individual. This study evaluated the EPR in a palm oil mill (POM) company and investigated the employees' emergency preparedness (EP), knowledge, and attitude. The potential emergency occurrences were identified through hazard identification, risk assessment, and risk control (HIRARC). Meanwhile, the current EPR practices were assessed through the Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OSHMS) emergency management checklist and the EP exercises. A social survey provided the data on the EP knowledge and attitude among the employees. There were two high‐risk level work activities: welding and conveyor maintenance, rated at 12 and 16, respectively. The mill did not provide three elements of the 10 minimum requirements listed in the OSHMS guidelines. The EP exercises were successfully conducted. 63.5% of the respondents scored a moderate level of EP knowledge. A positive attitude toward EPR was found. There was no significant relationship between EP knowledge and attitude. The EPR practices in this POM company need improvement and enhancement, including the EP knowledge and attitude among the employees.
Tracheoesophageal fistula presenting with ventilator air leaks and recurrent pneumonia
Authors: Chiu Hwa‐Yen , Hsu Tsui‐Fen 
Published: April 2022

Key messageTracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a late complication of tracheostomy and may cause fatal pulmonary complications. This case reports a TEF caused by tracheostomy‐cuff‐related pressure necrosis presenting with air leaks and recurrent pneumonia.
Analysis of the Effect of Daily Stress on the Skin and Search for Genetic Loci Involved in the Perceived Stress of an Individual
Authors: Inoue Yu , Hasebe Yuichi , Igarashi Toshio , Kawagishi-Hotta Mika , Okuno Ryosuke , Yamada Takaaki , Hasegawa Seiji 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Stress may have various effects on our bodies. In particular, the skin may be readily influenced by stress. In addition, there are individual differences in the way we feel stress, suggesting the involvement of genetic factors in such individual differences.

Objectives
In this study, we analysed the influence of stress on skin condition and ageing involving Japanese females, and investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that influence perceived stress of an individual.

Methods
We collected genotype data from 1200 Japanese females. At the same time, a questionnaire was conducted on the degree of stress that each subject feels on a daily basis and the current skin condition. We analysed the effects of stress on skin condition and searched for SNPs related to individual stress susceptibility by genome-wide association studies.

Results
Our data suggested that stress influences skin condition and ageing, as previously reported. And, we found rs74548608 as a SNP that affects perceived stress of an individual. This SNP is located on the upstream of Patched-1, which is a gene that functions as a sonic hedgehog receptor.

Conclusions
Our study has identified new genetic factors for perceived stress of an individual in the Japanese female. The SNP found in this study may be a candidate factor important for understanding the perceived stress of an individual of Japanese.
Reinvestigation of Methoxy‐methoxycarbonylation of Monosubstituted Allenes
Authors: Kusakabe Taichi , Liu Dongwei , Tsuchida Kaori , Okazaki Shun , Hashimoto Tsuyoshi , Mori Akane , Yoshiwaka Kentaro , Sasai Hiroaki , Takahashi Keisuke , Kato Keisuke 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed methoxy‐methoxycarbonylation of monosubstituted allenes was reinvestigated. Using arylallenes, methyl 2‐methoxymethylacrylates were obtained in good yield with moderate to good enantioselectivity whereas alkylallenes provided methyl 2‐methoxymethylacrylates regioselectively with low enantioselectivity.
Environment‐Dependent Stability and Mechanical Properties of DNA Origami Six‐Helix Bundles with Different Crossover Spacings
Authors: Xin Yang , Piskunen Petteri , Suma Antonio , Li Changyong , Ijäs Heini , Ojasalo Sofia , Seitz Iris , Kostiainen Mauri A. , Grundmeier Guido , Linko Veikko , Keller Adrian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe internal design of DNA nanostructures defines how they behave in different environmental conditions, such as endonuclease‐rich or low‐Mg2+ solutions. Notably, the inter‐helical crossovers that form the core of such DNA objects have a major impact on their mechanical properties and stability. Importantly, crossover design can be used to optimize DNA nanostructures for target applications, especially when developing them for biomedical environments. To elucidate this, two otherwise identical DNA origami designs are presented that have a different number of staple crossovers between neighboring helices, spaced at 42‐ and 21‐ basepair (bp) intervals, respectively. The behavior of these structures is then compared in various buffer conditions, as well as when they are exposed to enzymatic digestion by DNase I. The results show that an increased number of crossovers significantly improves the nuclease resistance of the DNA origami by making it less accessible to digestion enzymes but simultaneously lowers its stability under Mg2+‐free conditions by reducing the malleability of the structures. Therefore, these results represent an important step toward rational, application‐specific DNA nanostructure design.
K‐Functionalized Carbon Quantum Dots‐Induced Interface Assembly of Carbon Nanocages for Ultrastable Potassium Storage Performance
Authors: Hu Yu , Tang Cheng , Lv Fengting , Du Aijun , Wu Zhong‐Shuai , Zhang Haijiao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCarbon nanocages (CNCs), with unique merits of morphology and structure, have attracted increasing attention for energy storage and conversion. However, the synthesis of CNCs reported so far suffers from relatively harsh conditions and expensive raw materials. Herein, porous CNCs are intelligently designed using low‐cost glucose as the carbon precursor via a facile K‐functionalized carbon quantum dots (K‐CQDs)‐induced assembly route under hydrothermal process. The resulting CNCs have a unique cage‐like structure, large surface area, and rich carboxyl groups. With these elegant structural merits, the as‐made CNCs anode shows a high reversible capacity of 270 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 after 200 cycles and a long‐term cycling stability of 206 mAh g−1 at 2000 mA g−1 after 4000 cycles. An intercalation reaction mechanism with the K+ intercalation compound is further identified through an in‐situ Raman technique. Density functional theory simulations reveal that abundant carboxyl groups inherited from K‐CQDs can significantly promote the potassium storage capacities of the CNCs electrode.
Role of N6‐methyladenosine RNA modification in the imbalanced inflammatory homeostasis of arsenic‐induced skin lesions
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhang Aihua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification in modulating inflammatory homeostasis of arsenic (As)‐induced skin lesions. Our bioinformatic analysis revealed abnormal expression of m6A RNA methylation regulators and cytokines in the arsenic‐exposed population. In human keratinocytes, arsenite increased the levels of m6A methylation by upregulating the RNA methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3), mediating the disordered secretion of indicators that reflect inflammatory homeostasis (IL‐6, IL‐17, and IL‐10). The indicators reflecting arsenic‐induced skin lesions (Krt1 and Krt10) were also significantly elevated, which contributed to the occurrence of skin lesions. Our results also confirmed the association between METTL3 with inflammatory homeostasis and arsenic‐induced skin lesions using arsenic‐exposed human skin samples. In the arsenic‐exposed group, the upregulation of METTL3 exacerbated the increase in cytokine levels (IL‐6, IL‐17, and IL‐10), which was associated with the upregulation of keratins (Krt1 and Krt10). In addition, significant correlations among these factors corroborate the theoretical links. Finally, alteration of the m6A levels via knockdown or enhancement of the METTL3 protein could antagonize or aggravate arsenite‐induced imbalanced inflammatory homeostasis and human keratinocyte damage in HaCaT cells. Collectively, our study reveals some evidence that regulation of m6A modification plays an important role in arsenic‐induced skin lesions, which provide a new perspective on the mechanism of arsenite‐induced imbalanced inflammatory homeostasis in the field of RNA epigenetics.
Exploring the Architecture of Policy Knowledge: A Methodological Note
Authors: Pizmony-Levy Oren , Baek Chanwoong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter discusses the theoretical and methodological foundations of the research project. Drawing on research in social network analysis and sociology of knowledge, this chapter explains how bibliometric network analysis can be applied to examine the architecture of policy knowledge in the five Nordic countries. Key concepts such as networks, nodes, edges, centrality, and density are defined, and the rationale and procedures for collecting, analyzing, and presenting data are described in detail. This chapter also acknowledges the limitations in its methodological approach and proposes the direction for future studies.
Theoretischer und empirischer Hintergrund
Authors: Knauf Rhea-Katharina 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungIm ersten Kapitel wird das Phänomen Bullying im Schulkontext sowie im Cyberspace beschrieben, die Bedeutung des Klassenverbands und der Bystander bei der Entstehung von Bullying herausgearbeitet und ein Überblick über die Prävalenz von Bullying gegeben. Dabei werden die verschiedenen Rollen im Bullying-Gefüge (Täter, Pro-Bullying-Bystander, Opfer, Verteidiger und Außenstehende) betrachtet und Geschlechts- und Altersunterschiede beleuchtet. Schließlich wird ein theoretisches Modell zur Erklärung des Bystander-Verhaltens erarbeitet, welches das Bystander-Intervention-Modell der beiden Sozialpsychologen Bibb Latané und John Darley auf Bullying überträgt und relevante sozial-kognitive und affektive Reaktionen einschließt.
Source Camera Attribution from Videos
Authors: Sencar Husrev Taha 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhoto-response non-uniformity (PRNU) is an intrinsic characteristic of a digital imaging sensor, which manifests as a unique and permanent pattern introduced to all media captured by the sensor. The PRNU of a sensor has been proven to be a viable identifier for source attribution and has been successfully utilized for identification and verification of the source of digital media.
Case-based learning in der Thoraxchirurgie
Authors: Rathberger Katharina , Ried Michael , Hofmann Hans-Stefan 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In der modernen medizinischen Lehre wird der klassische Frontalunterricht zunehmend durch innovative Lehrmethoden, wie z. B. „case-based learning“ oder E‑Learning (Electronic-Learning), ergänzt.

Ziel der Arbeit
Konzipierung und Evaluation eines neuen Kurskonzeptes in der Thoraxchirurgie, um Studierende zu motivieren und zugleich Möglichkeiten zu finden, das ärztliche Personal in seiner Lehrtätigkeit zu entlasten.

Material und Methoden
Alle Studierenden des jeweils 3. klinischen Semesters der Universität Regensburg absolvierten im Sommersemester 2016 und Wintersemester 2016/17 im Rahmen des Blockpraktikums Chirurgie ein Seminar nach dem Prinzip des fallbasierten Lernens zum Thema „Pulmonaler Rundherd“. Dabei wurde bei einer Gruppe von Studierenden ein moderiertes Präsenzseminar, bei der anderen eine reine Onlineveranstaltung abgehalten. Der Wissensgewinn und die subjektive Bewertung des Kurses durch die Studierenden wurden über Fragebögen ermittelt.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt nahmen 190 Studierende an den Seminaren teil, davon 88 am Präsenz- und 102 am Onlinekurs. Obwohl beide Gruppen einen deutlichen Wissenszuwachs durch die Kursintervention verzeichneten, zeigten die Studierenden des Präsenzkurses eine deutlich höhere subjektive Zufriedenheit im Vergleich zu ihren KommilitonInnen im Onlinekurs.

Diskussion
Das fallbasierte Lernen erwies sich als Erfolg versprechendes Konzept in der thoraxchirurgischen Lehre, wobei sich die Etablierung von Onlinelernverfahren deutlich schwieriger gestaltete als bei präsenzbasiertem Unterricht.
Conditioning with fludarabine and treosulfan compared to FLAMSA-RIC in allogeneic stem cell transplantation for myeloid malignancies: a retrospective single-center analysis
Authors: Braitsch Krischan , Schwarz Alix , Koch Katrin , Hubbuch Mara , Menzel Helge , Keller Ulrich , Götze Katharina S. , Bassermann Florian , Herhaus Peter , Verbeek Mareike 
Published: April 2022

AbstractReduced intensity conditioning (RIC) and reduced toxicity conditioning (RTC) regimens enable allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) to more patients due to reduction in transplant-related mortality (TRM). The conditioning regimens with fludarabine and treosulfan (Flu/Treo) or fludarabine, amsacrine, cytarabine (FLAMSA)-RIC have shown their efficacy and tolerability in various malignancies. So far, no prospective study comparing the two regimens is available. Two studies compared the regimens retrospectively, in which both provided similar outcome. In this retrospective, single-center analysis, these two regimens were compared with regard to outcome, rate of acute and chronic graft versus host disease (GvHD), and engraftment. 113 consecutive patients with myeloid malignancies who received Flu/Treo or FLAMSA-RIC conditioning prior to alloSCT between 2007 and 2019 were included. Except for age, previous therapies, and remission status before alloSCT, patient characteristics were well balanced. The median follow-up time within this analysis was 44 months. There was no significant difference in absolute neutrophil count (ANC) or platelet engraftment between the two conditioning regimens. Overall survival (OS), the relapse-free survival (RFS), and the TRM were not significantly different between the two cohorts. The rate of GvHD did not differ between the two groups. In summary, this retrospective analysis shows that there is no major difference regarding tolerability and survival between the Flu/Treo and FLAMSA-RIC regimens. Despite several limitations due to uneven distribution concerning age and remission status, we demonstrate that Flu/Treo and FLAMSA-RIC provide similar outcomes and are feasible in older and intensively pre-treated patients.
Morphologic and histologic characterization of sheep and porcine TMJ as large animal models for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Lee Jonah D. , Becker Josh I. , Larkin Lisa M. , Almarza Alejandro J. , Kapila Sunil D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to compare and characterize the structural and ultrastructural organization of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) between two large animal models for use in the development of tissue engineering strategies.

Materials and methods
Whole TMJs from sheep and pigs were evaluated with micro-computed tomography (μCT) for morphology and quantitative analyses of bone parameters. Histological examination was performed on the TMJ disc and its attachments to investigate regional distribution of collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).

Results
μCT analyses demonstrate higher bone mineral density (BMD) in the temporal fossa compared to the mandibular condyle in both species, with this variable being significantly higher in sheep than pig. Quantitative morphometry of the trabecular condyle reveals no statistical differences between the species. Histology demonstrates similar structural organization of collagen and elastin between species. Elastin staining was nearly twofold greater in sheep than in the pig disc. Finally, Safranin-O staining for GAGs in the TMJ disc was localized to the intermediate zone in the sheep but was absent from the porcine disc.

Conclusions
Our findings show some important differences in the pig and sheep TMJ μCT variables and histology and composition of the disc and discal attachment. These disparities likely reflect differences in masticatory and TMJ functional loading patterns between the two species and provide insights into large animal models towards human applications.

Clinical relevance
As with the established pig model, the sheep is a suitable large animal model for TMJ research such as regenerative strategies, with specific considerations for design parameters appropriate for human-analog applications.
Intentional gestural communication amongst red-capped mangabeys (Cercocebus torquatus)
Authors: Schel Anne Marijke , Bono Axelle , Aychet Juliette , Pika Simone , Lemasson Alban 
Published: April 2022

AbstractApes, human’s closest living relatives, are renowned for their intentional and highly flexible use of gestural communication. In stark contrast, evidence for flexible and intentional gestural communication in monkeys is scarce. Here, we investigated the intentionality and flexibility of spontaneous gesture use in red-capped mangabeys (Cercocebus torquatus). We applied established methods used in ape gesture research to analyse whether the body acts produced by a total of 17 individuals living in three different groups in captivity qualified as intentionally produced gesture instances. Results showed that signallers showed all hallmarks of intentionality during the production of 20 out of a total of 21 different types of body acts. These were only produced in the presence of other individuals, and the monkeys showed audience checking, sensitivity to the attentional states of recipients, adjustment of signal modality, and response waiting relative to their production. Moreover, in case of communication failure, the monkeys showed goal persistence, and regarding the production contexts they showed some signs of means–ends dissociation. Therefore, these monkeys are capable of flexible and intentional gestural communication and use this to communicate with conspecifics. Our results corroborate recent findings showing that intentional gestural communication was already present in the monkey lineage of catarrhine primates. We discuss our results in light of the comparative approach towards human language evolution and highlight our finding that these monkeys also showed flexible and intentional use of four ‘free’ manual gesture types.
A multiobjective prediction model with incremental learning ability by developing a multi-source filter neural network for the electrolytic aluminium process
Authors: Yao Lizhong , Ding Wei , He Tiantian , Liu Shouxin , Nie Ling 
Published: April 2022

AbstractImproving current efficiency and reducing energy consumption are two important technical goals of the electrolytic aluminum process (EAP). However, because the process involves complex noise characteristics (i.e., unknown types, redundant distributions and variable forms), it is very difficult to accurately develop a multiobjective prediction model. To overcome this problem, in this paper, a novel framework of multiobjective incremental learning based on a multi-source filter neural network (MSFNN) is presented. The proposed framework first presents a “multi-source filter” (MSF) technique that utilizes the mean and variance in the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) to guide the importance function of the particle filter (PF) based on a density kernel estimation method. Then, the MSF is embedded in the mutated neural network to adjust weights in real time. Third, weights are calculated and normalized by a modified importance function, which is the basis for further optimizing a secondary sampling based on sampling importance resampling (SIR). Finally, the incremental learning model with two objectives (i.e., process power consumption and current efficiency) based on the MSFNN in the EAP is established. The presented framework has been verified by the real-world EAP and some closely related methods. All test results indicate that the MSFNN’s relative prediction errors of the above two objectives are controlled within 0.51% and 0.38%, respectively and prove that MSFNN has significant competitive advantages over other recent filtering network models. Successfully establishment of the proposed framework provides a model foundation for multiobjective optimization problems in the EAP.
Efficacy of an Adaptive Game-Based Math Learning App to Support Personalized Learning and Improve Early Elementary School Students’ Learning
Authors: Bang Hee Jin , Li Linlin , Flynn Kylie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study investigates whether using My Math Academy, which provides personalized content and adaptive embedded assessments to support existing curricula, can improve learning outcomes and engagement for kindergarten and first grade students (N = 505 treatment, 481 control). Findings indicate that students using My Math Academy made significant learning gains in math relative to children who did not. More skills mastered in My Math Academy was associated with greater learning gains on the external assessment, with the greatest impacts among students with lower levels of math knowledge, where there was more room for growth and on the most difficult skills. Teachers surveyed found My Math Academy easy to use in their classrooms and recognized it as a valuable learning resource that supplemented their existing curricula to improve students’ engagement, motivation, and confidence in learning math.