bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of a cluster of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in a hospital administration building
Authors: Jones Lucas D. , Chan Ernest R. , Cadnum Jennifer L. , Redmond Sarah N. , Navas Maria E. , Zabarsky Trina F. , Eckstein Elizabeth C. , Kovach Jeffrey D. , Linger Marlin , Zimmerman Peter A. , Donskey Curtis J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjective:To investigate a cluster of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in employees working on 1 floor of a hospital administration building.Methods:Contact tracing was performed to identify potential exposures and all employees were tested for SARS-CoV-2. Whole-genome sequencing was performed to determine the relatedness of SARS-CoV-2 samples from infected personnel and from control cases in the healthcare system with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the same period. Carbon dioxide levels were measured during a workday to assess adequacy of ventilation; readings >800 parts per million (ppm) were considered an indication of suboptimal ventilation. To assess the potential for airborne transmission, DNA-barcoded aerosols were released, and real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify particles recovered from air samples in multiple locations.Results:Between December 22, 2020, and January 8, 2021, 17 coworkers tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, including 13 symptomatic and 4 asymptomatic individuals. Of the 5 cluster SARS-CoV-2 samples sequenced, 3 were genetically related, but these employees denied higher-risk contacts with one another. None of the sequences from the cluster were genetically related to the 17 control sequences of SARS-CoV-2. Carbon dioxide levels increased during a workday but never exceeded 800 ppm. DNA-barcoded aerosol particles were dispersed from the sites of release to locations throughout the floor; 20% of air samples had >1 log10 particles.Conclusions:In a hospital administration building outbreak, sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 confirmed transmission among coworkers. Transmission occurred despite the absence of higher-risk exposures and in a setting with adequate ventilation based on monitoring of carbon dioxide levels.
Faster MCMC for Gaussian latent position network models
Authors: Spencer Neil A. , Junker Brian W. , Sweet Tracy M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLatent position network models are a versatile tool in network science; applications include clustering entities, controlling for causal confounders, and defining priors over unobserved graphs. Estimating each node’s latent position is typically framed as a Bayesian inference problem, with Metropolis within Gibbs being the most popular tool for approximating the posterior distribution. However, it is well-known that Metropolis within Gibbs is inefficient for large networks; the acceptance ratios are expensive to compute, and the resultant posterior draws are highly correlated. In this article, we propose an alternative Markov chain Monte Carlo strategy—defined using a combination of split Hamiltonian Monte Carlo and Firefly Monte Carlo—that leverages the posterior distribution’s functional form for more efficient posterior computation. We demonstrate that these strategies outperform Metropolis within Gibbs and other algorithms on synthetic networks, as well as on real information-sharing networks of teachers and staff in a school district.
Geographic Boundaries and Local Economic Conditions Matter for Views of the Economy
Authors: Bisbee James , Zilinsky Jan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe link between objective facts and politically relevant beliefs is an essential mechanism for democratic accountability. Yet the bulk of empirical work on this topic measures objective facts at whatever geographic units are readily available. We investigate the implications of these largely arbitrary choices for predicting individual-level opinions. We show that varying the geographic resolution—namely aggregating economic data to different geographic units—influences the strength of the relationship between economic evaluations and local economic conditions. Finding that unemployment claims are the best predictor of economic evaluations, especially when aggregated at the commuting zone or media market level, we underscore the importance of the modifiable areal unit problem. Our methods provide an example of how applied scholars might investigate the importance of geography in their own research going forward.
Property (T) in k-gonal random groups
Authors: Montee MurphyKate 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe k-gonal models of random groups are defined as the quotients of free groups on n generators by cyclically reduced words of length k. As k tends to infinity, this model approaches the Gromov density model. In this paper, we show that for any fixed
$d_0 \in (0, 1)$
, if positive k-gonal random groups satisfy Property (T) with overwhelming probability for densities
$d >d_0$
, then so do jk-gonal random groups, for any
$j \in \mathbb{N}$
. In particular, this shows that for densities above 1/3, groups in 3k-gonal models satisfy Property (T) with probability 1 as n approaches infinity.
Factors influencing SARS-CoV-2 infection rate in Belgian nursing home residents during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Peckeu-Abboud L. , van Kleef E. , Smekens T. , Latour K. , Dequeker S. , Int Panis L. , Laga M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In April 2020, Belgium experienced high numbers of fatal COVID-19 cases among nursing home (NH) residents. In response, a mass testing campaign was organised testing all NH residents and staff. We analysed the data of Flemish NHs to identify institutional factors associated with increased SARS-CoV-2 infection rates among NH residents. Cross-sectional study was conducted between 8 April and 15 May 2020. Data collected included demographics, group category (i.e. staff or resident), symptom status and test result. We retrieved additional data: number of beds and staff, type of beds (level of dependency of residents) and ownership (public, private for profit/non-profit institutions). Risk factor analysis was performed using negative binomial regression. In total, 695 NHs were included, 282 (41%) had at least one resident tested positive. Higher infection rate among residents was associated with a higher fraction of RVT beds, generally occupied by more dependent residents (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.97; 95% CI 1.00–3.86) and higher staff infection rate (IRR 1.89; 95% CI 1.68–2.12). No relationship was found between other investigated NH characteristics and infection rate among residents. Staff-resident interactions are key in SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics. Vaccination, regular staff testing, assessment of infection prevention and control strategies in all NHs are needed to face future SARS-CoV-2 epidemics in these settings.
Exploring parents’ perspectives on feeding their young children: a qualitative study using photo-elicitation in Chile
Authors: Galvez Espinoza Patricia , Vizcarra Marcela , Molina Paulina , Coloma María José , Stecher María José , Bost Kelly , Schwingel Andiara 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjective:Childhood obesity is considered one of the most important public health problems around the world. Chile is currently one of the Latin American countries with a high prevalence of childhood obesity. Given that parents’ food parenting practices shape their children’s lifelong eating habits, addressing those practices is key to curbing later problems of obesity. However, studies of the influences on Chilean parents’ food parenting practices are scarce. Hence, this study explores factors that influence food parenting practices of preschool-aged children in Chile.Design:Qualitative research, using interviews with the photo-elicitation technique.Setting:Metropolitan Region, ChileParticipants:Twenty-five parents from families recruited from public childcare centres.Results:Through a thematic analysis with an inductive approach, we identified five themes that influence food parenting practices: (1) parents’ previous experiences and how they determine their current goals and beliefs; (2) responses to the child’s characteristics; (3) the influences of other family members, especially grandparents; (4) parents’ nutritional knowledge; and (5) living contexts, especially limited budgets and lack of time.Conclusions:The study reveals multilevel influences, which converge at the family level, on food parenting practices. A family-centrerd approach that addresses the mentioned influences is necessary to improve the management of the childhood obesity problem in Chile.
Liberal egalitarian justice in the distribution of a common output. Experimental evidence and implications for effective institution design
Authors: Degli Antoni Giacomo , Faillo Marco , Francés-Gómez Pedro , Sacconi Lorenzo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe present an experiment that sets up a context of production of a common output obtained by using production means that are randomly and unequally distributed. Before the production phase, subjects must choose a distributive principle for the output division, under ignorance of the allocation of the production means. Subsequently, they make a distributive choice fully aware of their luck and performance. The aim of the experiment is to test, first, whether ordinary subjects in an impartial situation are capable of converging on a fair principle of distribution – able of redressing the arbitrariness of the initial production means allocation; and second, whether these same ordinary subjects are capable of actually following that principle in a real distributive choice that excludes coercion, reputation effects and other forms of social pressures. The main finding is that a distributive rule that redresses initial inequalities is both acceptedex-anteand actually appliedex-postby most individuals. Our conclusion is relevant for the issue of realism of normative theories of justice and the possibility of institution design aimed at implementing distributive justice principles and policies.
A novel approach to non-invasive blood glucose sensing based on a single-slot defected ground structure
Authors: Mansour Esraa , Allam Ahmed , Abdel-Rahman Adel B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, we explore a novel approach to measure blood glucose concentration in a non-invasive way using a compact defected ground structure (DGS) filter. The proposed sensor is promising because it is cost-effective, compact, non-ionizing in nature, and convenient for diabetics. Therefore, a portable microwave biosensor can be utilized using these features. In this study, we present a single DGS sensor which is designed on a Rogers RO4003C substrate and fed by a 50 Ω microstrip line, and operating in the industrial, scientific, and medical radio bands (2.4–2.5 GHz). The changes in dielectric properties in blood are mainly relying on glucose concentrations. The main concept of using a sensor is by placing a finger on the sensing area (the slot). The filter is demonstrated by simulations using CST Microwave Studio. Additionally, the blood layer with different glucose concentrations from 250 to 16 000 mg/dl is presented by the Cole–Cole model. The sensor can achieve a relatively good sensitivity of 7.8285 kHz/mg/dl. The size of the fabricated sensor is 40 × 40 × 0.883 mm3, which is suitable for hand-held use.
How Future Teachers Learn and Teach about Greek Gods. From University to Primary Education
Authors: Iriarte Unai , Prieto Aida Fernández 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article seeks to illustrate the importance of teaching the history of ancient Greece in the Primary Education Degree in Spain. The objective is to observe, from the analysis of a case study carried out at the University of Seville, how students pursuing the Degree in Primary Education acquire knowledge and how they then transfer and adapt this knowledge to a classroom of primary school students. This study highlights several methodologies and facts. It focuses on the necessity that future teachers know the history of ancient Greece in order to understand the legacy of this civilisation in today's world. In addition, it demonstrates the positive impact of integrating methodologies and techniques, such as Cooperative Learning (CL), Project Based Learning (PBL) and Gamification, both on a teacher's own learning and in their future role. This article is part of the activities of the Innovations and Didactic Group Gender and History Cliogen (GINDO-UB/187).
The 28 November 2020 Landslide, Tsunami, and Outburst Flood – A Hazard Cascade Associated With Rapid Deglaciation at Elliot Creek, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Geertsema M. , Menounos B. , Bullard G. , Carrivick J. L. , Clague J. J. , Dai C. , Donati D. , Ekstrom G. , Jackson J. M. , Lynett P. , Pichierri M. , Pon A. , Shugar D. H. , Stead D. , Del Bel Belluz J. , Friele P. , Giesbrecht I. , Heathfield D. , Millard T. , Nasonova S. , Schaeffer A. J. , Ward B. C. , Blaney D. , Blaney E. , Brillon C. , Bunn C. , Floyd W. , Higman B. , Hughes K. E. , McInnes W. , Mukherjee K. , Sharp M. A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe describe and model the evolution of a recent landslide, tsunami, outburst flood, and sediment plume in the southern Coast Mountains, British Columbia, Canada. On November 28, 2020, about 18 million m3 of rock descended 1,000 m from a steep valley wall and traveled across the toe of a glacier before entering a 0.6 km2 glacier lake and producing >100‐m high run‐up. Water overtopped the lake outlet and scoured a 10‐km long channel before depositing debris on a 2‐km2 fan below the lake outlet. Floodwater, organic debris, and fine sediment entered a fjord where it produced a 60+km long sediment plume and altered turbidity, water temperature, and water chemistry for weeks. The outburst flood destroyed forest and salmon spawning habitat. Physically based models of the landslide, tsunami, and flood provide real‐time simulations of the event and can improve understanding of similar hazard cascades and the risk they pose.
Helheim Glacier's Terminus Position Controls Its Seasonal and Inter‐Annual Ice Flow Variability
Authors: Cheng Gong , Morlighem Mathieu , Mouginot Jérémie , Cheng Daniel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOver the past decade, one of the largest contributors to total ice discharge across the Greenland ice sheet, Helheim Glacier, has experienced large fluctuations in ice velocity. In this study, we simulate the dynamics of Helheim, from 2007 to 2020, using the Ice‐sheet and Sea‐level System Model to identify the drivers of these large changes in ice discharge. By quantifying the impact of individual external forcing and model parameters on Helheim's modeled velocity, we find that the position of the calving front alone explains the dynamic variability of the glacier, as it has a direct and large impact on Helheim's ice velocity. The seasonal to inter‐annual variability of Helheim Glacier is, however, relatively insensitive to the choice of friction law or ice rheology factor. This study shows that more research on calving dynamics and ice–ocean interactions is required to project the future of this sector of Greenland.
Determining the Near‐Instantaneous Curvature of Earth's Bow Shock Using Simultaneous IBEX and MMS Observations
Authors: Starkey M. J. , Dayeh M. A. , Fuselier S. A. , Petrinec S. M. , McComas D. J. , Ogasawara K. , Szalay J. R. , Schwadron N. A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission provides a unique opportunity to study Earth's magnetosphere on a global scale via energetic neutral atom imaging. Due to the orbital configuration, IBEX is in a side‐viewing vantage point relative to the magnetosphere for a few months every year. This allows the Earth's magnetosphere to be imaged in the X‐Z geocentric solar ecliptic (GSE) plane. Using IBEX observations and near‐simultaneous in‐situ observations of Earth's bow shock (BS) from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, we determine the curvature of Earth's BS in the X‐Z GSE plane for 22 instances. We then compare the curvature to different upstream solar wind parameters in order to identify correlations with the contemporary physical conditions. We find that the solar wind dynamic pressure, as well as the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) strength, X‐Y, and Y‐Z components are all linearly related to the curvature. We then investigate the time scales over which these correlations persist using variable time windows over which the upstream parameters are averaged. Lastly, we investigate the asymmetry of the BS in the X‐Z plane by comparing an asymmetry measure with different solar wind parameters. We find that the magnetic tension force from the IMF deflects the BS, and thus the underlying magnetopause obstacle. The results presented here provide the first near‐instantaneous observations of Earth's BS on a global scale, show the importance of IMF on generating asymmetries, and provide a basis for future modeling and observational studies of the BS.
Wave Dissipation and Mean Circulation on a Shore Platform Under Storm Wave Conditions
Authors: Lavaud Laura , Bertin Xavier , Martins Kévin , Pezerat Marc , Coulombier Thibault , Dausse Denis 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhile wave processes on shore platforms have been recently advanced by a number of field‐based studies, few attention has been paid to the role of bed roughness on wave dissipation and wave setup dynamics in these environments. This study reports on a new field experiment conducted under storm wave conditions on a gently sloping shore platform which was instrumented from 10 m water depth up to the shoreline. Data analyses are complemented with numerical simulations performed with a 3D fully coupled modeling system using a vortex force formalism to represent the effects of short waves on the mean circulation. An accurate representation of wave dissipation by both depth‐induced breaking and bottom friction is found essential to reproduce the transformation of short waves across the platform and the resulting wave setup. Wave energy dissipation by bottom friction is dominant in the subtidal part of the platform and contributes to about 40% of the total wave energy dissipation. The enhanced wave bottom friction on the platform decreases the wave height before breaking, which reduces the contribution of wave forces to the wave setup compared to a smooth bottom (mechanism 1). Conversely, an idealized analysis of the cross‐shore momentum balance reveals that the wave‐induced circulation increases the wave setup, this process being enhanced on a rough bottom (mechanism 2). The contribution of mechanism 2 increases with the bottom slope, accounting for up to 26% of the wave setup for a 1:20 sloping shore platform, and overcoming mechanism 1.
Discharge‐Modulated Soil Organic Carbon Export From Temperate Mountainous Headwater Streams
Authors: Gies Hannah , Lupker Maarten , Wick Silvan , Haghipour Negar , Buggle Björn , Eglinton Timothy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractErosion and riverine transport of organic carbon is an important component of the global carbon cycle, but the significance of this process for Earth's surface carbon budgets depends on the sources of carbon being mobilized. In this study, we aim to constrain how runoff‐driven erosion modulates the contribution of different carbon source endmembers, that is, bedrock, soil and vegetation, in three forested headwater catchments in the Swiss Prealps. The sources of organic carbon are determined using an inverse model based on bulk carbon isotope signatures and the abundances and distributions of long‐chain n‐alkane plant wax biomarkers in suspended sediments collected over a range of discharges. Despite landcover differences and contrasting bulk particulate organic carbon (POC) signatures, the increase of soil‐sourced organic carbon with runoff is similar in all three studied catchments. This apparent existence of common processes implies that export fluxes of soil organic carbon may be extrapolated to similar catchments. Overall, our analysis shows that runoff‐driven soil erosion in these alpine headwater streams is responsible for the export of at least 0.3 to 0.8 gC m−2 yr−1 as POC. Our study also shows that despite a significant variability in isotopic and molecular POC signatures at low runoff, all three catchments show a convergence of these signatures at higher discharges. Suspended sediment samples collected at above‐average runoff are hence most representative of overall endmember contributions.
Modes of Oblique Inversion: A Case Study From the Cretaceous Fold and Thrust Belt of the Western Transdanubian Range (TR), West Hungary
Authors: Héja G. , Ortner H. , Fodor L. , Németh A. , Kövér S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInversion of pre‐existing normal faults is a frequent phenomenon in orogenic belts. However, their impact on the evolution of the Cretaceous Eoalpine orogeny is poorly studied, despite the widespread presence of Triassic and Jurassic normal faults. Our study area is the SW part of the Transdanubian Range (TR), which represents the uppermost thick‐skinned nappe of the Eoalpine orogeny in the Alpine realm. The variable trend of Cretaceous contractional structures within the Transdanubian Range has been traditionally explained by poly‐phase shortening. However, based on the combined analyses of field observations and 3D seismic data, we found that the complex geometry of Cretaceous contractional structures can be explained rather by the oblique inversion of segmented Late Triassic grabens. In general, the SW part of the TR can be characterized by N‐S trending contractional structures. NW‐SE striking oblique ramps are nucleated above Late Triassic normal faults, whereas NE‐SW trending folds and thrust with limited strike‐parallel length evolved due to the inversion of pre‐existing breached relay ramps, which connected the segments of Late Triassic normal faults. We determined different types of oblique ramps, incuding normal faults, which suffered transpressional reactivation, oblique hanging wall breakthrough thrusts, oblique footwall short‐cut and hanging wall by‐pass thrusts. Only very steep normal faults, or those that strike at low angle to the regional E‐W shortening direction, were not reactivated.