bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategic corporate entrepreneurship practices in financial services firms: the role of organizational factors
Authors: Casales Morici Belén 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe study explores a hitherto neglected area of strategic corporate entrepreneurship in services firms, the association of organizational factors with different strategic corporate entrepreneurship practices. It represents a first step toward understanding how internal organizational factors may spur different forms of strategic corporate entrepreneurship practices within services firms, especially those operating in the financial sector. Data for the study were collected through a survey study and the sample consisted of employees at a major insurance company in Sweden. The sample includes five offices placed in the north-eastern in Sweden and four offices ubicated in Stockholm. Using structural equation modelling, it was found that whereas organizational factors such as management support and reward/reinforcement have a positive effect on both incremental and discontinuous strategic corporate entrepreneurship practices, the organizational factor work discretion presents a differentiated effect. The study provides an important step toward understanding the internal factors that spur employees toward strategic corporate entrepreneurship practices in financial services firms. Moreover, the study develops a potential measure of incremental and discontinuous strategic corporate entrepreneurship practices. In terms of practical implications, the findings offer managers a solid foundation on which to base their decisions to create and improve an internal organizational environment that facilitates strategic corporate entrepreneurship practices.
Feasibility of an External Erectile Prosthesis for Transgender Men Who have Undergone Phalloplasty
Authors: Boskey Elizabeth R. , Jolly Divya , Mehra Geetika , Ganor Oren 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionTransgender men interested in achieving penetration after phalloplasty are currently limited to internal devices and makeshift supports. More options are needed to support sexual penetration after phalloplasty.AimThis study was designed to assess the feasibility of an external erectile prosthesis (the Elator) for transgender men who have undergone phalloplasty and wish to use their neophallus for sexual penetration, assess how the device affected the sexual experiences of men and their partners, and identify any side effects and concerns.MethodsTransgender men and their partners were provided with an erectile device to use for one month. They were surveyed at 4 time points: enrollment, measurement, receipt, and after using the device, using a combination of pre-existing and device-specific measures.Main Outcome MeasureThe primary outcome was whether men found it feasible to use an external penile prosthesis for sexual penetration after phalloplasty – defined as interest in, and willingness to, use the device more than once over the study period; intention to continue using the device on the Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS); and no decrease in relationship satisfaction on the Gay and Lesbian Relationship Satisfaction Scale (GLRSS). The secondary outcome was an increase in sexual or relationship satisfaction with use of the device, defined as a statistically significant increase on either the Quality of Sexual Experience Scale (QSE) or the GLRSS.ResultsFifteen couples enrolled in the pilot study. Of the 10 who completed the study, only 3 found device use feasible and endorsed strongly positive experiences, while the remaining 7 found it unusable. There were no changes in QSE or GLRSS scores. Most device issues were related to proper fit.ConclusionThere is a great deal of interest in non-surgical options for achieving penetration after phalloplasty. The tested external erectile device can work well, but its utility is limited to individuals with very specific post-phalloplasty anatomy. Most individuals and couples found the device unsuitable for the neophallus and/or that it could not be used comfortably.
Drivers of Warming in Lake Nam Co on Tibetan Plateau Over the Past 40 Years
Authors: Shi Yi , Huang Anning , Ma Weiqiang , Wen Lijuan , Zhu La , Yang Xianyu , Wu Yang , Gu Chunlei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe lake surface water temperature (LSWT) on Tibetan Plateau (TP) is sensitive to climate change. Based on a 1‐D lake model, we have investigated the interdecadal variation and long‐term trend of LSWT in Lake Nam Co (LNC) on TP during 1980–2018 and quantified the relative contributions of atmospheric factors to the LSWT trend. Results show LNC was warmed with a rate of 0.29°C decade−1, which is smaller than the warming of ambient air (0.45°C decade−1). The weakened wind speed, rising air temperature, increased downward longwave radiation, and decreased shortwave radiation contributed about 35%, 30%, 20%, and −15% of the estimated long‐term LSWT trend during 1980–2018, respectively. The contribution rate of 32.5% was from the interactions among all forcing variables. The primary warming was completed before 1997 (0.30°C decade−1) and was followed by a hiatus that the LSWT jumped to a warm level with a slightly negative trend (−0.08°C decade−1) after 1997. During this hiatus, the wind speed recovered from decrease and the deceleratingly increased downward longwave radiation slowed down the LNC warming. Particularly, the specific humidity shifted from increasing to decreasing trend played a key role in the hiatus of LNC warming after 1997, despite its slight contribution (−2.5%) to the LSWT trend during 1980–2018. The results showed the particularity of warming for a TP lake compared to the other ice‐covered lakes worldwide and provided a quantitative perspective for understanding the relative contributions of atmospheric factors to the long‐term trend of LSWT.
ICON‐O: The Ocean Component of the ICON Earth System Model—Global Simulation Characteristics and Local Telescoping Capability
Authors: Korn P. , Brüggemann N. , Jungclaus J. H. , Lorenz S. J. , Gutjahr O. , Haak H. , Linardakis L. , Mehlmann C. , Mikolajewicz U. , Notz D. , Putrasahan D. A. , Singh V. , von Storch J.‐S. , Zhu X. , Marotzke J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe describe the ocean general circulation model Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic Weather and Climate Model (ICON‐O) of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, which forms the ocean‐sea ice component of the Earth system model ICON‐ESM. ICON‐O relies on innovative structure‐preserving finite volume numerics. We demonstrate the fundamental ability of ICON‐O to simulate key features of global ocean dynamics at both uniform and non‐uniform resolution. Two experiments are analyzed and compared with observations, one with a nearly uniform and eddy‐rich resolution of ∼10 km and another with a telescoping configuration whose resolution varies smoothly from globally ∼80 to ∼10 km in a focal region in the North Atlantic. Our results show first, that ICON‐O on the nearly uniform grid simulates an ocean circulation that compares well with observations and second, that ICON‐O in its telescope configuration is capable of reproducing the dynamics in the focal region over decadal time scales at a fraction of the computational cost of the uniform‐grid simulation. The telescopic technique offers an alternative to the established regionalization approaches. It can be used either to resolve local circulation more accurately or to represent local scales that cannot be simulated globally while remaining within a global modeling framework.
Cu‐Isotope Evidence for Subduction Modification of Lithospheric Mantle
Authors: Kempton Pamela D. , Mathur Ryan , Harmon Russell S. , Bell Aaron , Hoefs Jochen , Shaulis Barry 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUltramafic xenoliths from southeastern Arizona, USA, provide evidence for Cu‐isotope heterogeneity in the lithospheric mantle. We report new data on Type I (Cr‐, Mg‐rich) peridotites, but also the first Cu‐isotope data for Fe‐Ti‐Al‐rich Type II pyroxenite (±amphibole) xenoliths. Whole rock δ65Cu values of the pyroxenites and cryptically metasomatized Type I lherzolites range to isotopically heavier compositions than asthenospheric mantle (i.e., up to +1.44‰ and +1.12‰, respectively, vs. ∼0‰ ± 0.2‰). Copper leached from the xenoliths using aqua regia, assumed to be hosted in interstitial sulfides, is even more variable (δ65Cu −0.78 to +3.88‰), indicating considerable isotopic heterogeneity within individual samples. Host basalts have low δ65Cu (−0.23‰ to −1.30‰), so basalt—xenolith interactions are not responsible for the compositional variations observed. While mass‐dependent fractionation may be partly responsible, metasomatism by fluids derived from recycled crustal materials is the predominant control on isotopic variations observed. Amphibole megacrysts and amphiboles separated from Type II amphibole‐bearing clinopyroxenite have normal, mantle‐like 18O/16O ratios but H‐isotope compositions (δ2HSMOW −82‰ to −45‰) that range between that of nominally anhydrous mantle (−80 ± 10‰) and seawater (0‰). Host basalts are also enriched in 34S relative to depleted asthenospheric mantle, having δ34SCDT values up to +8‰, i.e., compositions commonly attributed to a component of recycled seawater or hydrated oceanic crust. These new data suggest that formation of Type II metasomes in the lithospheric mantle beneath the Basin and Range Province was associated with subduction of the Farallon plate and not alkali basalt magmatism associated with Basin and Range extension.
PSVM: A Global Database for the Miocene Indicating Elevated Paleosecular Variation Relative to the Last 10 Myrs
Authors: Engbers Y. A. , Bono R. K. , Biggin A. J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStatistical studies of paleosecular variation (PSV) are used to infer the structure and behavior of the geomagnetic field. This study presents a new database, paleosecular variation of the Miocene (PSVM), of high‐quality directional data from the Miocene Epoch (5.3–23 Ma), compiled from 1,454 sites from 44 different localities. This database is used to model the latitude dependence of paleosecular variation with varying selection criteria using a quadratic form based on Model G. Our fitted model parameter for latitude‐invariant PSV (Model G a) is 15.6° and the latitude dependent PSV term (Model G b) is 0.23. The latitude invariant term is substantially higher than previously observed for the past 10 Myrs or any other studied ages. We also present a new stochastic model of the time‐average field, BB‐M22, using a covariant giant Gaussian process (GGP) which is constrained using data from PSVM, PINT and Earth‐like geodynamo numerical simulations. BB‐M22 improves the fit to PSVM data relative to prior GGP models, as it reproduces the higher virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) dispersion observed during the Miocene. Our findings suggest a more variable magnetic field and more active geodynamo in the Miocene Epoch than the past 10 Myrs, perhaps linked to elevated core‐mantle heat flow. Our results suggest that the average axial dipole dominance of the time‐instantaneous field was lower than in more recent times. We note however, that the inclination anomaly estimates, suggest that it cannot be ruled out that the Miocene time averaged field resembles a geocentric axial dipole.
Disturbances in the Ionosphere and Distortion of Radio Wave Characteristics That Accompanied the Super Typhoon Lekima Event of 4–12 August 2019
Authors: Zheng Y. , Chernogor L. F. , Garmash K. P. , Guo Q. , Rozumenko V. T. , Luo Y. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe acquired measurements of four observable parameters of refracted signals received from the ionosphere (Doppler shift, Doppler spectrum, number of rays, and signal amplitude) with the oblique HF Doppler technique in the city of Harbin during the super typhoon Lekima event of 4–12 August 2019. The ionospheric response was observed by the Harbin Engineering University multifrequency multiple path coherent radio system in the People's Republic of China. The maximum distortion of radio‐wave characteristics and ionospheric disturbances were observed to occur during the day when the super typhoon Lekima energy gained a maximum value and when the super typhoon approached close to the ionospheric part of the radio‐wave propagation paths. The magnitude of the ionospheric disturbances decreased with the distance between the super typhoon and propagation path midpoints. Both aperiodic (chaotic) and quasi‐sinusoidal disturbances were observed to accompany the action of the super typhoon in the ionosphere. The action of the typhoon was often accompanied by up to ±1.5 Hz broadening of the Doppler spectra, 10–30 dBV variations in the signal amplitude, and quasi‐sinusoidal variations in the Doppler shift with 0.10‐ to 0.40‐Hz amplitudes and periods of 20–30 to 70–80 min. The quasi‐sinusoidal variations in the signal amplitude with a ∼24‐min period, T, are due to focusing and defocusing of rays by wavelike disturbances in the electron density. The periods of the quasi‐sinusoidal disturbances were observed to be ∼12–24 min. Such periods pertain to atmospheric gravity waves. The atmospheric gravity waves generated by the super typhoon gave rise to quasi‐sinusoidal variations in the electron density with relative amplitudes of ∼3%–∼19%.
Brittle Faulting at Elevated Temperature and Vanishing Effective Stress
Authors: Beeler N. M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIf brittle fault strength depends only on friction, slip instability is discouraged at low effective normal stress, σ. Stress drop and the critical stiffness necessary for unstable sliding both vanish with σ; small earthquakes cannot occur. Very low σ is inferred in the source region of low‐frequency earthquakes (LFEs) on the San Andreas fault (SAF). Moreover, if pore pressure, p, is undrained at low σ, then instabilities are prevented at all scales. This is due to dilatant strengthening which arises due to a dependence of porosity on strain rate. Dilatant strengthening is σ‐independent and dominates at low σ. Undrained p is inferred over time scales of less than a few days for the SAF LFEs. Based on experiments that measure rapid contact overgrowth between 350 and 530°C at very low σ, fault failure controlled by time‐dependent cementation is invoked as an explanation for the SAF LFEs. Because this “cohesion” is σ‐independent, stress drops can occur at σ = 0. If in addition cohesion exceeds any dilatant strengthening during slip, cohesion dominates strength at low σ. Dilatancy measured in prior faulting and shear experiments indicate that at all stress levels steady‐state porosity depends on σ in addition to strain rate. Moreover, porosity at low σ depends elastically on the confining and differential stresses. A model with these additional pore pressure effects, friction, and time‐dependent cohesion, applied to the SAF LFEs produces stress drops, slip speeds, and durations that are consistent with the observations, when the shear‐induced dilatancy is not extreme.
Cross‐Slope Heat and Salt Transport Induced by Slope Intrusion Eddy's Horizontal Asymmetry in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Qiu Chunhua , Yi Zhenhui , Su Danyi , Wu Zewen , Liu Hailong , Lin Pengfei , He Yunkai , Wang Dongxiao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMaterial transport caused by mesoscale eddies has been revealed much in the open ocean; however, it is still unclear how much eddy‐induced mass transport in the slope region of the northern South China Sea (SCS). Using the LASG/IAP Climate System Ocean Model (LICOM) from 2007 to 2017, we identified 47 anticyclonic eddies and 97 cyclonic eddies that intruded onto the continental slope, termed slope intrusion eddies. The slope intrusion eddies are more horizontally asymmetric and energetic than those without entering the slope. These eddies induced cross‐slope heat and salt transport of O (1012) W and O (104) kg s−1 owing to their horizontal asymmetry in both Xisha Islands and Dongsha Islands, where are the intrusion zones of mesoscale eddies. Based on the potential vorticity budget, we found that the horizontal asymmetry of velocity was caused by the asymmetry of potential vorticity, which was mainly generated by eddy‐current nonlinear effect in the Dongsha Islands and topographic beta effect in the Xisha Islands, respectively. This study may promote our understanding on the mesoscale dynamics and oceanic energy redistribution in the continental shelf zone of marginal sea.
How Have Divergent Global Emission Trends Influenced Long‐Range Transported Ozone to North America?
Authors: Mathur Rohit , Kang Daiwen , Napelenok Sergey L. , Xing Jia , Hogrefe Christian , Sarwar Golam , Itahashi Syuichi , Henderson Barron H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSeveral locations across the United States in noncompliance with the national standard for ground‐level ozone (O3) are thought to have sizable influences from distant extra‐regional emission sources or natural stratospheric O3, which complicate the design of local emission control measures. To quantify the amount of long‐range‐transported O3 (LRT O3), its origin, and change over time, we conduct and analyze detailed sensitivity calculations characterizing the response of O3 to emissions from different source regions across the Northern Hemisphere in conjunction with multidecadal simulations of tropospheric O3 distributions and changes. Model calculations show that the amount of O3 at any location attributable to sources outside North America varies both spatially and seasonally. On a seasonal‐mean basis, during 1990–2010, LRT O3 attributable to international sources steadily increased by 0.06–0.2 ppb yr−1 at locations across the United States and arose from superposition of unequal and contrasting trends in individual source‐region contributions, which help inform attribution of the trend evident in O3 measurements. Contributions of emissions from Europe steadily declined through 2010, while those from Asian emissions increased and remained dominant. Steadily rising NOx emissions from international shipping resulted in increasing contributions to LRT O3, comparable to those from Asian emissions in recent years. Central American emissions contribute a significant fraction of LRT O3 in southwestern United States. In addition to the LRT O3 attributable to emissions outside of North America, background O3 across the continental United States is composed of a sizable and spatially variable fraction that is of stratospheric origin (29%–78%).
Be‐10 Dating of Ice‐Marginal Moraines in the Khumbu Valley, Nepal, Central Himalaya, Reveals the Response of Monsoon‐Influenced Glaciers to Holocene Climate Change
Authors: Hornsey Josephine , Rowan Ann V. , Kirkbride Martin P. , Livingstone Stephen J. , Fabel Derek , Rodes Angel , Quincey Duncan J. , Hubbard Bryn , Jomelli Vincent 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe dynamic response of large mountain glaciers to climatic forcing operates over timescales of several centuries and therefore understanding how these glaciers change requires observations of their behavior through the Holocene. We used Be‐10 exposure‐age dating and geomorphological mapping to constrain the evolution of glaciers in the Khumbu Valley in the Everest region of Nepal. Khumbu and Lobuche Glaciers are surrounded by high‐relief lateral and terminal moraines from which seven glacial stages were identified and dated to 7.4 ± 0.2, 5.0 ± 0.3, 3.9 ± 0.1, 2.8 ± 0.2, 1.3 ± 0.1, 0.9 ± 0.02, and 0.6 ± 0.16 ka. These stages correlate to each of the seven latest Holocene regional glacial stages identified across the monsoon‐influenced Himalaya, demonstrating that a coherent record of high elevation terrestrial palaeoclimate change can be extracted from dynamic mountain landscapes. The time‐constrained moraine complex represents a catchment‐wide denudation rate of 0.8–1.4 mm a−1 over the last 8 kyr. The geometry of the ablation area of Khumbu Glacier changed around 4 ka from a broad, shallow ice tongue to become narrower and thicker as restricted by the topographic barrier of the terminal moraine complex.
The Spectral Species Concept in Living Color
Authors: Rocchini Duccio , Santos Maria J. , Ustin Susan L. , Féret Jean‐Baptiste , Asner Gregory P. , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Dalponte Michele , Feilhauer Hannes , Foody Giles M. , Geller Gary N. , Gillespie Thomas W. , He Kate S. , Kleijn David , Leitão Pedro J. , Malavasi Marco , Moudrý Vítězslav , Müllerová Jana , Nagendra Harini , Normand Signe , Ricotta Carlo , Schaepman Michael E. , Schmidtlein Sebastian , Skidmore Andrew K. , Šímová Petra , Torresani Michele , Townsend Philip A. , Turner Woody , Vihervaara Petteri , Wegmann Martin , Lenoir Jonathan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBiodiversity monitoring is an almost inconceivable challenge at the scale of the entire Earth. The current (and soon to be flown) generation of spaceborne and airborne optical sensors (i.e., imaging spectrometers) can collect detailed information at unprecedented spatial, temporal, and spectral resolutions. These new data streams are preceded by a revolution in modeling and analytics that can utilize the richness of these datasets to measure a wide range of plant traits, community composition, and ecosystem functions. At the heart of this framework for monitoring plant biodiversity is the idea of remotely identifying species by making use of the ‘spectral species’ concept. In theory, the spectral species concept can be defined as a species characterized by a unique spectral signature and thus remotely detectable within pixel units of a spectral image. In reality, depending on spatial resolution, pixels may contain several species which renders species‐specific assignment of spectral information more challenging. The aim of this paper is to review the spectral species concept and relate it to underlying ecological principles, while also discussing the complexities, challenges and opportunities to apply this concept given current and future scientific advances in remote sensing.
Evolution of Ocean Circulation in the North Atlantic Ocean During the Miocene: Impact of the Greenland Ice Sheet and the Eastern Tethys Seaway
Authors: Pillot Q. , Donnadieu Y. , Sarr A.‐C. , Ladant J.‐B. , Suchéras‐Marx B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Modern Ocean is characterized by the formation of deep‐water in the North Atlantic Ocean (i.e., NADW). This feature has been attributed to the modern geography, in which the Atlantic Ocean is a large basin extending from northern polar latitudes to the Southern Ocean, the latter enabling the connection of the otherwise isolated Atlantic with the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Sedimentary data date the establishment of the NADW between the beginning of the Eocene (∼49 Ma) and the beginning of the Miocene (∼23 Ma). The objective of this study is to quantify the impact of Miocene geography (∼20 Ma) on NADW using new simulations performed with the Earth System Model IPSL‐CM5A2. We specifically focus on the closure of the Eastern Tethys Seaway (ETS), dated between 22 and 14 Ma, which allowed the connection between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, and on the Greenland Ice Sheet, whose earliest onset remains open to discussion but for which evidence suggest a possible existence as early as the Eocene. Our results show that the closure of the ETS does not appear to impact the establishment of NADW, because waters from the Indian Ocean do not reach the NADW formation zone when the seaway is open. Conversely, the existence of an ice sheet over Greenland strengthens the formation of NADW owing to topography induced changes in wind patterns over the North Atlantic, which in turn, results in a salinification of the North Atlantic and Nordic Seas, and in an increase in deep‐water formation.