bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain Histology and Immunohistochemistry After Resuscitation From Hemorrhagic Shock in Swine With Pre-Existing Atherosclerosis and Sodium Thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) Treatment
Authors: Denoix Nicole , McCook Oscar , Scheuerle Angelika , Kapapa Thomas , Hoffmann Andrea , Gündel Harald , Waller Christiane , Szabo Csaba , Radermacher Peter , Merz Tamara 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and the oxytocin/oxytocin receptor (OT/OTR) systems interact in the central nervous and cardiovascular system. As a consequence of osmotic balance stress, H2S stimulates OT release from the paraventricular nuclei (PVN) in the hypothalamic regulation of blood volume and pressure. Hemorrhagic shock (HS) represents one of the most pronounced acute changes in blood volume, which, moreover, may cause at least transient brain tissue hypoxia. Atherosclerosis is associated with reduced vascular expression of the main endogenous H2S producing enzyme cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), and, hence, exogenous H2S administration could be beneficial in these patients, in particular after HS. However, so far cerebral effects of systemic H2S administration are poorly understood. Having previously shown lung-protective effects of therapeutic Na2S2O3 administration in a clinically relevant, long-term, porcine model of HS and resuscitation we evaluated if these protective effects were extended to the brain.MethodsIn this study, available unanalyzed paraffin embedded brain sections (Na2S2O3N = 8 or vehicle N = 5) of our recently published HS study were analyzed via neuro-histopathology and immunohistochemistry for the endogenous H2S producing enzymes, OT, OTR, and markers for brain injury and oxidative stress (glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and nitrotyrosine).ResultsNeuro-histopathological analysis revealed uninjured brain tissue with minor white matter edema. Protein quantification in the hypothalamic PVN showed no significant inter-group differences between vehicle or Na2S2O3 treatment.ConclusionsThe endogenous H2S enzymes, OT/OTR co-localized in magnocellular neurons in the hypothalamus, which may reflect their interaction in response to HS-induced hypovolemia. The preserved blood brain barrier (BBB) may have resulted in impermeability for Na2S2O3 and no inter-group differences in the PVN. Nonetheless, our results do not preclude that Na2S2O3 could have a therapeutic benefit in the brain in an injury that disrupts the BBB, e.g., traumatic brain injury (TBI) or acute subdural hematoma (ASDH).
Identification and Validation of a Novel Tumor Microenvironment-Related Prognostic Signature of Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Li Rui , Zhao Weiheng , Liang Rui , Jin Chen , Xiong Huihua 
Published: June 2022

Background: In recent years, immunotherapy has changed the therapeutic landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Since the efficacy of immunotherapy is closely related to the tumor microenvironment (TME), in this study, we constructed a prognostic model based on TME to predict the prognosis and immunotherapy effect of HCC patients.Methods: Transcriptome and follow-up data of 374 HCC patients were acquired from the TCGA Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The immune/stromal/estimate scores (TME scores) and tumor purity were calculated using the ESTIMATE algorithm and the module most associated with TME scores were screened by the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). A TME score-related prognostic model was constructed and patients were divided into a high-risk group and a low-risk group. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) were used to evaluate the performance of the TME risk prognostic model and validated with the external database International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) cohort. Combined with clinicopathologic factors, a prognostic nomogram was established. The nomogram’s ability to predict prognosis was assessed by ROC, calibration curve, and the decision curve analysis (DCA). Gene Set Enrichment Analyses (GSEA) were conducted to explore the underlying biological functions and pathways of this risk signature. Moreover, the possible correlation of risk signature with TME immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment response, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and drug sensitivity were assessed. Finally, real-time PCR was used to verify the gene expression levels in normal liver cells and cancer cells.Results: KM survival analysis results indicated that high immune/stromal/estimate score groups were closely associated with a better prognosis, while the tumor purity showed a reverse trend (p &lt; 0.01). WGCNA demonstrated that the yellow module was significantly correlated with the TME score. The 5-genes TME risk signature was built to predict the prognosis of patients with HCC including DAB2, IL18RAP, RAMP3, FCER1G, and LHFPL2. Patients with a low-risk score have higher levels of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and higher expression of immune checkpoints, which may be more sensitive to immunotherapy.Conclusion: It provided a theoretical basis for predicting the prognosis and personalized treatment of patients with HCC.
Three Dimensional-Arterial Spin Labeling Evaluation of Improved Cerebral Perfusion After Limb Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in a Rat Model of Focal Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Zheng Tianxiu , Lai Xiaolan , Lu Jiaojiao , Chen Qiuyan , Wei Dingtai 
Published: June 2022

PurposeTo investigate the application value of 3D arterial spin labeling (3D-ASL) for evaluating distal limb ischemic preconditioning to improve acute ischemic stroke (AIS) perfusion.Materials and MethodsA total of 40 patients with AISs treated in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2020 were recruited, and 15 healthy individuals who were examined in our hospital during the same period were included as the control group; all of these participants were scored on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and examined by MRI. Sequences included conventional sequences, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and 3D-ASL, and cerebral infarct volume and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the area of the infarct lesion were measured. After 3 months of treatment, patients with AIS were scored on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and divided into good prognosis and poor prognosis groups. In total, 55 adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided randomly into three groups: 20 in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group, 20 in the MCAO + limb remote ischemic preconditioning (LRP) group, and 15 in the sham group. In total, 48 h after the procedures, conventional MRI, DWI, and 3D-ASL sequence data were collected, and 2,3,5-trphenyltetrazolium chloride monohydrate (TTC) staining and behavioral scoring were performed. CBF was recorded in the infarct lesion area and the corresponding contralateral area, and the affected/contralateral relative values (rCBF) were calculated to compare the differences in rCBF between different groups. The pathological changes in brain tissues were observed by HE staining, and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31) in brain tissues was detected by immunofluorescence and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The protein expression of VEGF was detected by western blotting.ResultsHypertension and internal carotid atherosclerosis are high-risk factors for ischemic stroke, and CBF values in the infarct area are significantly lower than those in the corresponding areas on the contralateral side. NIHSS and mRS scores and CBF values have higher specificity and sensitivity for the prognosis of patients with AIS. LRP significantly reduces the infarct area, improves behavioral deficits in rats with cerebral ischemia, reduces neurological injury and histological damage, protects vascular structures, and promotes neovascularization. In addition, 3D-ASL showed a significant increase in brain tissue perfusion in the ischemic area after LRP, and the expression of VEGF and CD31 showed a significant positive correlation with CBF values.ConclusionThree dimensional (3D) ASL can be used to evaluate LRP to improve stroke perfusion, and its protective effect may be closely related to LRP-induced vascular regeneration.
Prediction of Long-Term Restenosis After Carotid Endarterectomy Using Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Authors: Andereggen Lukas , Amin-Hanjani Sepideh , Beck Jürgen , Luedi Markus M. , Gralla Jan , Schubert Gerrit A. , Tortora Angelo , Andres Robert H. , Arnold Marcel , Raabe Andreas , Reinert Michael 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundTo detect restenosis after carotid endarterectomy (CEA), long-term monitoring is required. However, non-selective follow-up is controversial and can be limited by costs and logistical considerations.ObjectiveTo examine the value of immediate perioperative vessel flow measurements after CEA using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography (QMRA) to detect patients at risk of long-term restenosis.MethodsA prospective cohort study with long-term sonographic follow-up after CEA for symptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAs) &gt; 50%. In all patients, vessel flow has been assessed both pre- and postoperatively using QMRA within ±3 days of surgery. Data on QMRA assessment were analyzed to identify patients at risk of restenosis for up to 10 years.ResultsRestenosis was recorded in 4 of 24 patients (17%) at a median follow-up of 6.8 ± 2.6 years. None of them experienced an ischemic event. Perioperative flow differences were significantly greater in patients without long-term restenosis, both for the ipsilateral ICA (p &lt; 0.001) and MCA (p = 0.03), compared to those with restenosis (p = 0.22 and p = 0.3, respectively). The ICA mean flow ratio (p = 0.05) tended to be more effective than the MCA ratio in predicting restenosis over the long term (p = 0.35).ConclusionOur preliminary findings suggest that QMRA-based mean flow increases after CEA may be predictive of restenosis over the long term. Perioperative QMRA assessment could become an operator-independent screening tool to identify a subgroup of patients at risk for restenosis, in whom long-term monitoring is advised.
Estrogen Receptor and Claudin-6 Might Play Vital Roles for Long-Term Prognosis in Patients With Luminal A Breast Cancer Who Underwent Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Liu Yushi , Kang Ye , Li Jianyi , Zhang Yang , Jia Shi , Sun Qiang , Ma Yan , Zhang Jing , Wang Zhenrong , Cao Yanan , Shen Yang 
Published: June 2022

PurposeIt is well-known that the pathological complete response (pCR) rate in patients with luminal A cancer (LAC) is lower than those of other subtypes of breast cancer. The phenotype of cancer often alters after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) which may be related to hypoxia, and the latter might induce the drift of the estrogen receptor (ER). The phenotype drift in local advanced LAC after NAC might influence the long-term prognosis.MethodsThe oxygen concentration of cancer tissues during NAC was recorded and analyzed (n = 43). The expression of ER and claudin-6 was detected in pre- and post-NAC specimens.ResultsNAC might induce the cycling intracanceral hypoxia, and the pattern was related to NAC response. The median follow-up time was 61 months. Most of the patients (67%) with stable or increased ER and claudin-6 expression exhibited perfect prognosis (DFS = 100%, 61 months). About 20% of patients with decreased claudin-6 would undergo the poor prognosis (DFS = 22.2%, 61 months). The contrasting prognosis (100% vs. 22.2%) had nothing to do with the response of NAC in the above patients. Only 13% patients had stable claudin-6 and decreased ER, whose prognosis might relate to the response of NAC.ConclusionNAC might induce cycling intracanceral hypoxia to promote the phenotype drift in local advanced LAC, and the changes in ER and claudin-6 after NAC would determine the long-term prognosis.
A Transcription Factor Signature Can Identify the CMS4 Subtype and Stratify the Prognostic Risk of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zhong Min-Er , Huang Ze-Ping , Wang Xun , Cai Du , Li Cheng-Hang , Gao Feng , Wu Xiao-Jian , Wang Wei 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease, and current classification systems are insufficient for stratifying patients with different risks. This study aims to develop a generalized, individualized prognostic consensus molecular subtype (CMS)-transcription factors (TFs)-based signature that can predict the prognosis of CRC.MethodsWe obtained differentially expressed TF signature and target genes between the CMS4 and other CMS subtypes of CRC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. A multi-dimensional network inference integrative analysis was conducted to identify the master genes and establish a CMS4-TFs-based signature. For validation, an in-house clinical cohort (n = 351) and another independent public CRC cohort (n = 565) were applied. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and prediction of immune cell infiltration were performed to interpret the biological significance of the model.ResultsA CMS4-TFs-based signature termed TF-9 that includes nine TF master genes was developed. Patients in the TF-9 high-risk group have significantly worse survival, regardless of clinical characteristics. The TF-9 achieved the highest mean C-index (0.65) compared to all other signatures reported (0.51 to 0.57). Immune infiltration revealed that the microenvironment in the high-risk group was highly immune suppressed, as evidenced by the overexpression of TIM3, CD39, and CD40, suggesting that high-risk patients may not directly benefit from the immune checkpoint inhibitors.ConclusionsThe TF-9 signature allows a more precise categorization of patients with relevant clinical and biological implications, which may be a valuable tool for improving the tailoring of therapeutic interventions in CRC patients.
A Novel Algorithm for Detecting Microsatellite Instability Based on Next-Generation Sequencing Data
Authors: Li Shijun , Wang Bo , Chang Miaomiao , Hou Rui , Tian Geng , Tong Ling 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesMicrosatellite instability (MSI) is the condition of genetic hypermutability caused by spontaneous acquisition or loss of nucleotides during the DNA replication. MSI has been discovered to be a useful immunotherapy biomarker clinically. The main DNA-based method for MSI detection is polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and fragment length analysis, which are costly and laborious. Thus, we developed a novel method to detect MSI based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) data.MethodsWe chose six markers of MSI. After alignment and reads counting, a histogram was plotted showing the counts of different lengths for each marker. We then designed an algorithm to discover peaks in the generated histograms so that the peak numbers discovered in NGS data resembled that in PCR-based method.ResultsWe selected nine samples as the training dataset, 101 samples for validation, and 68 samples as the test dataset from Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Inner Mongolia, China. The NGS-based method achieved 100% accuracy for the validation dataset and 98.53% accuracy for the test dataset, in which only one false positive was detected.ConclusionsAccurate MSI judgments were achieved using NGS data, which could provide comparable MSI detection with the gold standard, PCR-based methods.
Pediatric Emergency Cases in the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary-Level Emergency Setting
Authors: Cozzi Giorgio , Molina Ruiz Idoya , Giudici Fabiola , Romano Sara , Grigoletto Veronica , Barbi Egidio , Amaddeo Alessandro 
Published: June 2022

AimEmergency cases are uncommon events in the pediatric emergency setting. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by describing the number and type of pediatric emergency cases that arrived at the pediatric emergency department (PED) of a tertiary-level children’s hospital in Italy.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study, collecting the main features of pediatric emergency patients who arrived during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020–February 2021) compared to the pre-pandemic period (March 2016–February 2020).ResultsDuring the study period, 112,168 patients were visited at the PED, and 237 (0.21%) were emergency cases, median age of 4 years (IQR: 1–12). In the first year of the pandemic, 42 children were coded as emergency cases compared to 195 (49/year) during the pre-pandemic period. The proportion of emergency cases was stable (0.27% during the COVID-19 period versus 0.20% during the pre-COVID-19 period, p = 0.19). No differences were found regarding the age, gender, hour of arrival, and outcome of patients. We found a significant decrease in the proportion of emergency cases related to respiratory diseases (9/42, 21.4% during the COVID-19 period versus 83/195 during the pre-COVID-19 period (42.6%), p = 0.01).ConclusionIn conclusion, our data suggest that the pandemic had a more significant impact on respiratory emergency cases than on pediatric emergencies in general.
Diode-Pumped 50 Hz–10 J Nano-Second Nd:YAG Laser
Authors: Jiang Xinying , Xiao Kaibo , Yan Xiongwei , Wang Zhenguo , Jiang Xuejun , Xue Qiao , Wu Wenlong , Chen Ji , Zhang Chuanchao , Zheng Jiangang , Peng Zhitao , Zheng Kuixing , Li Ping , Hu Dongxia , Zhu Qihua , Zheng Wanguo 
Published: June 2022

In this letter, we report a diode-pumped nano-second laser with the output energy 10 J, the repetition rate 50 Hz, and the average power 500 W. The main amplifier was made up of eight amplify modules. Each amplify module was pumped by an 808 nm laser diode and cooled by water from the back end of the Nd:YAG slab. To our knowledge, this represents the highest pulse repetition rate for the 10 J class nano-second single-aperture Nd:YAG laser. The beam quality was controlled by means of mechanical design and adjustment and compensation by a home-made deforming mirror. The beam quality was controlled well with the beam quality of the laser 2.61DL.
A Novel Method to Determine the Cause of Left Internal Mammary Artery Instant Non-Patency Based on Transit Time Flow Measurement
Authors: Mao Boyan , Feng Yue , Duan Mengyao , Dong Yihang , Li Gaoyang , Li Bao , Liu Jincheng , Guo Yuting , Wei Minghui , Zhao Zhou , Liu Youjun 
Published: June 2022

Objective: After coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery, the main causes of poor instant patency of left internal mammary arteries (LIMAs) are competitive flow and anastomotic stenosis, but how to determine the cause of LIMA non-patency without interfering with the native coronary artery is still a difficult problem to be solved urgently.Methods: In this study, a 0D-3D coupled multiscaled CABG model of anastomotic stenosis and competitive flow was constructed. After calculation, the flow waveform of the LIMA was extracted, and the waveform shape, common clinical parameters (average flow, PI, and DF), and graft flow FFT ratio results (F0/H1 and F0/H2) were analyzed.Results: For LIMA, these three common clinical parameters did not differ significantly between the anastomotic stenosis group and competitive flow group. However, the waveform shape and FFT ratio (especially F0/H2) of the competitive flow group were significantly different from those of the anastomotic stenosis group. When the cause was competitive flow, there was systolic backflow, and F0/H2 was too high (&gt;14.89). When the cause was anastomotic stenosis, the waveform maintained a bimodal state and F0/H2 was in a normal state (about 1.17).Conclusion: When poor instant patency of the LIMA is found after CABG, the causes can be determined by graft flow waveform shape and F0/H2.
The Impact of Psychological Health on Patient Recovery After Arthroplasty
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Xing Qiqi , Zhong Da , Pan Yixiao , He Tailai , Hu Yihe , Wang Long 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between psychological health and postoperative recovery and satisfaction in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA).MethodsWe prospectively enrolled patients undergoing TJA from July 2019 to December 2020. A psychological evaluation was conducted according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Based on the preoperative HADS scores, we grouped the patients into two groups: the symptomatic group and the asymptomatic group. Data on the Harris Hip Score (HHS), Knee Society Knee Scoring System (KSS), Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS-12), Short Form-12 (SF-12), and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain in these two groups were collected preoperatively and postoperatively. Then, these data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.ResultsThe final cohort consisted of 80 patients. Patients undergoing TJA had significantly decreased HADS and NRS scores and improved HHS, KSS, SF-12, and FJS-12 scores (all p &lt; 0.001). Compared with the symptomatic group, the asymptomatic group showed better postoperative recovery (p &lt; 0.05), especially after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) (p &lt; 0.05). Good postoperative recovery positively impacted the patients’ postoperative psychological state.ConclusionFinally, the psychological state can affect recovery after TJA, and successful TJA can help improve patients’ psychological states, especially after TKA.
An Eye Tracking and Event-Related Potentials Study With Visual Stimuli for Adolescents Emotional Issues
Authors: Wang Quan , Wei Xiaojie , Dang Ruochen , Zhu Feiyu , Yin Shaokang , Hu Bingliang 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundPsychological issues are common among adolescents, which have a significant impact on their growth and development. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of viewing visual stimuli in adolescents are poorly understood.Materials and MethodsThis study applied the Chinese version of the DSM-V self-assessment scales to evaluate 73 adolescents’ psychological characteristics for depressive and manic emotional issues. Combined with eye-tracking and event-related potential (ERP), we explored the characteristics of their visual attention and neural processing mechanisms while freely viewing positive, dysphoric, threatening and neutral visual stimuli.ResultsCompared to controls, adolescents with depressive emotional tendencies showed more concentrated looking behavior with fixation distribution index than the controls, while adolescents with manic emotional tendencies showed no such trait. ERP data revealed individuals with depressive tendencies showed lower arousal levels toward emotional stimuli in the early stage of cognitive processing (N1 amplitude decreased) and with prolonged reaction time (N1 latency increased) than the control group. We found no significant difference between the manic group and the control group. Furthermore, the depression severity scores of the individuals with depressive tendencies were negatively correlated with the total fixation time toward positive stimuli, were negatively correlated with the fixation distribution index toward threatening stimuli, and were positively correlated with the mean N1 amplitudes while viewing dysphoric stimuli. Also, for the individuals with depressive tendencies, there was a positive correlation between the mean N1 amplitudes and the fixation time on the area of interest (AOI) while viewing dysphoric stimuli. For the individuals with manic tendencies, the manic severity scores of the individuals with manic tendencies were positively correlated with the total fixation time toward the positive stimuli. However, no significant correlations were found between the manic severity scores and N1 amplitudes, and between N1 amplitudes and eye-tracking output variables.ConclusionThis study proposes the application of eye-tracking and ERP to provide better biological evidence to alter the neural processing of emotional stimuli for adolescents with emotional issues.