bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High long‐term survival and asymmetric movements in a reintroduced metapopulation of Cinereous vultures
Authors: Rousteau Typhaine , Duriez Olivier , Pradel Roger , Sarrazin François , David Thierry , Henriquet Sylvain , Tessier Christian , Mihoub Jean‐Baptiste 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPost‐release mortality and movements are critical factors of translocation failure. Yet, survival and movement reflect different demographic and behavioral processes and may therefore have contrasted responses to management, although they are often very difficult to disentangle in animal populations. To provide guidance in animal translocations, we discriminated the respective roles of survival and movement in the long‐term dynamic of a translocated metapopulation of Cinereous vultures (Aegypius monachus) in France using multievent capture–recapture analyses of reintroduced (n = 119) and wild‐born individual (n = 163) observations. Annual apparent survival rates were high and structured in age (>0.8 for young and >0.9 for adults) and did not differ between individual origin (wild‐born or released), release methods (aviary or hacking) nor between regions (Alps and Causses), except for those released in the Alps experiencing a reduced survival for one year after release. In contrast, age structure movements differed between populations and origin status. Wild‐born young from the Causses were more erratic than those from the Alps and older individuals, whereas vultures reintroduced in the Causses demonstrated restricted movements during their first year after release. Despite such asymmetric movements, we overall highlight a strong tropism of individuals whatever the region and their origin. Since movement and survival were respectively higher and lower in young compared with adults, we recommend to first release adults in the primary stage of metapopulation translocations for increasing the establishment success at the release site. Further releasing young and securing successful breeding into the wild would increase demographic growth and between‐population connections.
Metabarcoding of soil environmental DNA replicates plant community variation but not specificity
Authors: Barnes Christopher James , Nielsen Ida Broman , Aagaard Anne , Ejrnæs Rasmus , Hansen Anders Johannes , Frøslev Tobias Guldberg 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhile metabarcoding of plant DNA from their environment is an exciting method that can supplement inventorying of live plant species, the accuracy and specificity has yet to be fully assessed over complex continuous landscapes. In this work, we evaluate plant community profiles produced via metabarcoding of soil by comparing them to a morphological survey. We assessed plant communities by metabarcoding of soil DNA in 130 sites along ecological gradients (nutrients, succession, moisture) in Denmark using chloroplast trnL region (10–143 bp) primer set and compared the resulting communities to communities produced with a longer nuclear ITS2 region (~216 bp) and a morphological survey. We found that the community variation observed within the morphological survey was well represented by molecular surveys, with significant correlation with both community composition and richness using both primer sets. While the majority of the ITS2 sequences could be assigned to species (over 80%), we had less success with the trnL sequences (70%), which was only possible after restricting the reference database to local species. We conclude that the community profiles produced by metabarcoding can be highly effective in performing large‐scale macroecological studies. However, the discovery rates and taxonomic assignments produced via metabarcoding remained inferior to morphological surveys, but manual curation of databases improves the specificity of assignments made by the trnL primers, and improves the accuracy of the assignments made with the ITS2 primers. Finally, we suggest that a greater percentage of named diversity would be recovered by increasing soil sampling with the use of additional universal primer sets.
Improvement of low‐speed sensorless control with multi‐layer neural network
Authors: Maekawa Sari , Tanaka Ami 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn recent years, there has been an increasing demand for position sensorless control in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drives, and various methods have been studied. Switching noise is a problem in the low‐speed sensorless control method that uses the current slope during PWM. Furthermore, another problem is that the inductance does not appear in a sinusoidal distribution owing to magnetic saturation. In this paper, we improve the sensorless control method that estimates the position from the current slope during PWM, which is greatly affected by switching. Additionally, we build a multi‐layer neural network (NN) that directly estimates the position signals by learning a large amount of current data, and verify the driving results in the low‐speed range when the learned NN is incorporated into real‐time control.
Fabrication of heater‐integrated MEMS tactile sensor for evaluation of warm and cold sensation by touching glass
Authors: Onda Naotaka , Kozuka Takaaki , Abe Takashi , Isshiki Masanobu , Tomeno Satoru , Sohgawa Masayuki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe paper addresses fabrication and characterization of a MEMS tactile sensor sensitive to force and temperature with an on‐chip heater and a contact part of thermally conductive elastomer. The temperature response of this sensor due to heat transfer when it was in contact with the glass plate was measured. As a result, it is demonstrated that fabricated sensor can detect thermally difference due to differences in the surface treatment of the glass.
Cyclazines‐Structure and Aromaticity or Antiaromaticity on the Magnetic Criterion
Authors: Kleinpeter Erich , Koch Andreas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStructure and spatial magnetic properties, through‐space NMR shieldings (TSNMRSs), of all ten cycl[2.2.2]azine to cycl[4.4.4]azine, hetero‐analogues and the corresponding hydrocarbons have been calculated at the B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p) theory level using the GIAO perturbation method and employing the nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) concept. The TSNMRS values (actually, the ring current effect as measurable in1H NMR spectroscopy) are visualized as iso‐chemical‐shielding surfaces (ICSS) of various size and direction, and employed to readily qualify and quantify the degree of (anti)aromaticity. Results are confirmed by NMR [δ(1H)/ppm, δ(15N)/ppm] and geometry (planar, twisted, bow‐shaped) data. The cyclazinesN[2.2.2]−up toN[2.4.4]−are planar or at most slightly bowl‐shaped and, due to coherent peripheral ring currents (except inN[2.3.3]−,N[2.3.4],N[3.3.4]+andN[2.4.4]+), develop aromaticity or anti‐aromaticity of the whole molecules dependent on the number of peripheral conjugated π electrons. The cyclazinesN[2.3.3]−,N[2.3.4],N[3.3.4]+andN[2.4.4]+develop two ring currents of different direction within the same molecule, in which the dominating ring current proves to be paratropic (inN[3.3.4]+diatropic) including the nodalNpzlone pair into the conjugation. The residual cyclazinesN[3.4.4],N[4.4.4]−andN[4.4.4]+are heavily twisted and, therefore, are not developing peripheral or diverse ring currents. The TSNMRS information about cyclazines and the parent tricyclic annulene analogues is congruent subject to structure and number of peripheral or internal conjugated π electrons, the corresponding (anti)aromaticity is in unequivocal accordance with Hückel's rule.
An Iridium Complex with a Phosphine‐Pendant Silyl Ligand as an Efficient Catalyst for the (E)‐Selective Semihydrogenation of Alkynes
Authors: Shen Jingfeng , Usui Ryosuke , Sunada Yusuke 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTwo iridium disilyl complexes that contain phosphine‐pendant silyl groups have been obtained from the reaction of [(cod)IrCl]2 with a disilane with phosphine pendants, (Ph2PCH2)R2Si−SiR2(CH2PPh) (R=Me or Ph). The iridium complex with methyl‐substituted silyl moieties showed good catalytic performance in the (E)‐selective semihydrogenation of various alkynes at room temperature under 1 atm of H2 without over‐reduction to the corresponding alkanes.
C−I Selective Sonogashira and Heck Coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Aromatic Triangular Tri‐palladium
Authors: Wang Xiaoshuang , Sun Lei , Wang Miaomiao , Maestri Giovanni , Malacria Max , Liu Xiang , Wang Yanlan , Wu Lingang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAromatic triangular tri‐palladium cations 1–3, abbreviated as [Pd3]+, have shown interesting photoelectric properties, Lewis basic character, and excellent activities in catalytic hydrogenation. Herein, we report the highly efficient and C−I selective Sonogashira and Heck coupling reactions catalyzed by these tri‐palladium complexes. Benefiting from the moderate C−I bond association energy, these tri‐palladiums presented exclusive reactivities to aryl iodides over the brominated aromatics in coupling reactions. In the Sonogashira pathway, good to excellent isolated yields (71–95 %) were achieved. Gram‐scale reaction reached 93 % of yield with palladium loading as few as 0.06 mol %. We also explored the electronic and steric effects for phenyl alkynes and aryl iodides including heteroaromatics like thiophene, pyridine, pyrazole, and pyrazine. Similarly, yields of 71–96 % were obtained for palladium loading of 1.5 mol% through catalyzed Heck coupling of aryl iodides and alkenes. The HRMS monitoring revealed that [Pd3]+ maintained as whole entity during the catalytic process due to its robusness.
Highly efficient tin oxide‐based colloidal lead sulfide quantum dot solar cell
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Gahlaut Pushkar , Gupta Neha 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis work presents the assessment of tin oxide (SnO2) electron transport layer (ETL)‐based quantum dot solar cell for improved efficiency (>20%). The proposed solar cell consists of a solid layer of lead sulfide (PbS) treated with PbS‐TBAI (tetrabutylammonium iodide) as absorber layer and PbS CQD treated with 1,2‐ethanedithiol (PbS‐EDT) as hole transport layer (HTL). The high level of efficiencies is achieved by varying the doping concentration of ETL and HTL, which affect the mobility of carriers (both electrons and holes). The optimization is carried out with a doping concentration (for ETL and HTL) of 1 × 1019 cm−3. The said doping reflected >20% conversion efficiency. PCE, fill‐factor (FF), Voc, and Jsc were analyzed for all the performed variations.
Critical Research Needs for Forage Fish within Inner Shelf Marine Ecosystems
Authors: Rivers James W , Bailey Guerrero Jennifer , Brodeur Richard D , Krutzikowsky Gregory K , Adrean Lindsay J , Heppell Scott A , Jacobson Kym C , Milligan Kristen , Nelson S Kim , Roby Daniel D , Sydeman William J , Torres Leigh G , Barth John A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Forage fish are a critical component of marine ecosystems because they integrate energy across trophic levels within marine food webs. Many studies have highlighted the importance of this group, and past research efforts have focused largely on studying forage fish within offshore and estuarine areas. In contrast, limited information is available for forage fish on the inner continental shelf (&lt;50 m water depth), where they encounter a range of anthropogenic stressors and support critical apex predator populations, including species of conservation concern. We highlight the importance of forage fish within inner shelf marine ecosystems using examples from the Northern California Current and describe outstanding research needs for forage fish within this topical area. Addressing these research needs is a critical step for maintaining productive forage fish populations within inner shelf ecosystems considering the social-, management-, and climate-driven changes that are expected to impact coastal regions in the coming decades.
From mechanisms to functions: The role of theta and gamma coherence in the intrahippocampal circuits
Authors: Mysin Ivan , Shubina Liubov 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBrain rhythms are essential for information processing in neuronal networks. Oscillations recorded in different brain regions can be synchronized and have a constant phase difference, that is, they can be coherent. Coherence between local field potential (LFP) signals from different brain regions may be correlated with the performance of cognitive tasks, indicating that these regions of the brain are jointly involved in the information processing. Why does coherence occur and how is it related to the information transfer between different regions of the hippocampal formation? In this article, we discuss possible mechanisms of theta and gamma coherence and its role in the hippocampus‐dependent attention and memory processes, since theta and gamma rhythms are most pronounced in these processes. We review in vivo studies of interactions between different regions of the hippocampal formation in theta and gamma frequency bands. The key propositions of the review are as follows: (1) coherence emerges from synchronous postsynaptic currents in principal neurons as a result of synchronization of neuronal spike activity; (2) the synchronization of neuronal spike patterns in two regions of the hippocampal formation can be realized through induction or resonance; (3) coherence at a specific time point reflects the transfer of information between the regions of the hippocampal formation; (4) the physiological roles of theta and gamma coherence are different due to their different functions and mechanisms of generation. All hippocampal neurons are involved in theta activity, and theta coherence arranges the firing order of principal neurons throughout the hippocampal formation. In contrast, gamma coherence reflects the coupling of active neuronal ensembles. Overall, the coherence of LFPs between different areas of the brain is an important physiological process based on the synchronized neuronal firing, and it is essential for cooperative information processing.
The process of estimating the cost of surgery: Providing a practical framework for surgeons
Authors: Christou Chrysanthos D. , Athanasiadou Eleni C. , Tooulias Andreas I. , Tzamalis Argyrios , Tsoulfas Georgios 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOver the last decades, health care costs have been increasing at an alarming, exponential rate which is considered unsustainable. Surgical care utilizes one‐third of health care costs. Estimating, evaluating, and understanding the cost of surgery is a vital step towards cost management and reduction. Current cost estimation studies and cost‐effectiveness studies have vast disparities in their methodology, with published costs of Operating Room varying from as low as $7 and as high as $113 per minute. Costs in surgery are distinguished as direct and indirect. Allocation of direct costs involves identification, measurement, and valuation processes. Allocation of indirect costs involves the allocation of capital and overhead costs and of indirect department costs. Annualised capital costs and overhead hospital costs are then allocated to surgery by either the cost‐centre allocation or the activity‐based allocation frameworks. Indirect department costs are allocated to a specific surgery by weighted service allocation or hourly rate allocation or inpatient day allocation, or marginal markup allocation. The growing societal, financial and political pressure for cost reduction has brought cost analysis to the forefront of healthcare discussions. Thus, we believe that almost every single surgeon will eventually enter the field of healthcare economics by necessity. This review aims to provide surgeons with a practical framework for engaging in cost estimation studies.
Trend prediction of irrigation area using improved random forest regression
Authors: Wang Maofa , Huang Hongliang , Gao Guangda , Tang Weiyu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe food problem is a major common concern in the world, and predicting the irrigation area can promote a solution to this problem. In this paper, the relationship between grain yield and the world’s irrigated area is analysed, and a machine model based on an improved random forest regression and limit tree regression algorithm is proposed and applied to the prediction of the irrigation area in China. Specifically, first the arithmetic mean value of the mean square error and mean absolute error are used as the evaluation metric of the improved impure function and irrigation area prediction effect. Second, the grid search method is used to determine the optimal number of decision trees in random forest and limit tree regression so that a new improved random forest model is established to predict the annual irrigation area in China. Finally, the proposed model is compared with other prediction models, and the 10‐fold cross‐validation experiment results show the effectiveness of the proposed model. It is expected to be applied to the prediction and factor analysis of the annual irrigation area in China.
Beneficial effect of trimetazidine on folic acid‐induced acute kidney injury in mice: Role of HIF‐1α/HO‐1
Authors: Abdelrahman Rehab S. , Abdelsalam Ramy A. , Zaghloul Marwa S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex syndrome associated with a decrease in renal function and a significant impact on patient outcomes. Injection of folic acid (FA) in mice is used for studying the pathogenesis of AKI. This study investigated the impact of trimetazidine (a metabolic modulator‐antianginal drug; TMZ), against FA‐induced AKI. AKI was induced by FA (250 mg/kg, ip) in mice. Two doses of TMZ were administered orally for 10 days. Administration of TMZ at a high dose (20 mg/kg) exhibited significant decreases in the renal somatic index (RSI), serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (1), and proteins level in urine. Moreover, TMZ significantly increased creatinine clearance (CCr), serum albumin, urine creatinine, and urine urea levels. This improvement in markers of kidney damage was associated with marked renal antioxidant effects (↓NO and ↓lipid peroxidation, normalized reduced glutathione (GSH) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and increased HIF‐1α/HO‐1 level). Furthermore, TMZ significantly decreased FA‐induced expression of MPO and inflammatory cytokine IL‐18, TNF‐α, and NF‐κB p65 subunit. Renal apoptosis, along with apoptotic markers, were enhanced by FA injection and suppressed by TMZ administration (↓Caspase‐3, ↓Bax, and ↑Bcl2 expression). Finally, TMZ amended FA‐induced histopathological changes in kidneys. By mitigating functional alteration, oxidative stress, and preventing the development of inflammatory and apoptosis signals, TMZ provides dose‐dependent defense against FA‐induced AKI mainly via stimulation of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 alpha (HIF‐1α)/heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) pathway.
“We could see our real selves:” The COVID‐19 syndemic and the transition to telehealth for a school‐based prevention program for newcomer Latinx immigrant youth
Authors: Martinez William , Patel Sita G. , Contreras Stephanie , Baquero‐Devis Tatiana , Bouche Vicky , Birman Dina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNewcomer Latinx immigrant youths in the United States are currently in a syndemic of increased risk of behavioral health concerns, disparities in access to related services, and are disproportionately impacted by the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study used qualitative inquiry to examine the impact that the transition to telehealth had on a school‐based group prevention program for immigrant youth, Fuerte, within the context of this syndemic. Data included semi‐structured interviews with group leaders, and focus groups with youth program participants. Themes indicated both positive and negative impacts of the transition to telehealth on program component implementation, youth participant engagement, and youth participant social connectedness. Despite the telehealth model, youth participants reported that they felt socially connected to each other through the program. This study's results provide implications for the potential value and drawbacks of a telehealth prevention model for newcomer immigrant youth, as well as deepening understanding of how virtual behavioral health programs may operate in socially isolating contexts around the world.
Local brokerage and international leverage: NGOs and land conflicts in Indonesia
Authors: Berenschot Ward , Dhiaulhaq Ahmad , Deviane Aurelia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe rapid expansion of oil palm plantations in Indonesia has generated a large and growing number of conflicts between rural communities and palm oil companies over, mainly, access to land. Employing a detailed documentation of 150 such conflicts in four Indonesian provinces, this paper assesses and evaluates how local, national and international NGOs help communities address their grievances. We find that rights‐based activism characterises only a small portion of NGOs working on land conflicts, as a more common strategy revolves around political brokerage. NGOs generally fail to achieve significant impact, with the partial exception of (those connected with) international NGOs.
Outcomes After Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Salvage Surgery
Authors: Sharma Bhavya K. , Contrera Kevin J. , Jia Xuefei , Fleming Christopher , Lorenz Robert R. , Koyfman Shlomo A. , Mahomva Chengetai , Arianpour Khashayar , Burkey Brian B. , Fritz Michael , Ku Jamie A. , Lamarre Eric D. , Scharpf Joseph , Prendes Brandon L. 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesInvestigate outcomes following oral cavity and oropharyngeal salvage surgery.MethodsAdult patients who underwent salvage surgery for recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx from 1996 to 2018 were analyzed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. Disease‐free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), associated factors, and basic quality measures were analyzed.ResultsOne hundred and eight patients (72% oral cavity, 28% oropharynx) were followed for a median of 17.9 months. Median DFS and OS were 9.9 and 21 months, respectively. Surgery with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy compared to surgery alone (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03–0.78) and negative margins (HR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.14–0.90) were associated with better DFS, while lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) (HR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.14–6.19) and higher stage (III vs. I–II, HR = 3.94, 95% CI: 1.22–12.71) were associated with worse DFS. Higher stage was associated with worse OS (HR = 3.79, 95% CI: 1.09–13.19). Patients were hospitalized for a median of 8 days with 24% readmitted within 30 days. A total of 72% and 38% of patients, respectively, underwent placement of a feeding tube or tracheostomy.ConclusionsAfter oral cavity and oropharyngeal salvage surgery, adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, negative margins, negative LVSI, and lower stage were associated with a lower risk of recurrence. Only lower‐stage disease was associated with improved survival. The majority of patients had feeding tubes, half underwent free tissue transfer, a third required tracheostomy, and a quarter was readmitted.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:1984–1992, 2022