bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gold nanoparticles’ concentration dependent reactivity to alendronate, memantine, and tobramycin
Authors: Eissa Dina M. , Mabrouk Mokhtar M. , Ebeid El Zeiny M. , Hamid Mohamed A. Abdel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Turkevich Gold nanoparticles are the original nanoparticles that have been modified over time. Combining nanoparticles with targeting medications such as alendronate, memantine, and tobramycin will provide additional benefits in targeting specific areas in the bone, brain, and microorganisms, respectively. The reactivity and stability of nanoparticles in the presence of various drug concentrations (micro-, nano-, and milli-levels) have been studied. The absorbance spectra of nanoparticles at λmax 520 nm were always stable with alendronate, whereas with memantine and tobramycin, the spectra were unchanged (no color change) in the nano- level over twenty minutes and red shifts (color change) occurred in the micro-level. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and Dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed that the core diameter was relatively stable in all cases, whereas the hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential varied with drug concentration. Increasing concentration increased hydrodynamic diameter slightly with memantine (from 64.99 to 98.41 nm), dramatically with tobramycin (from 135.3 to 332.16 nm), and almost negligibly with alendronate (from 52.08 to 58.94 nm). Zeta potential, conversely, is reduced as concentration increases. Memantine had the greatest reduction in negativity, followed by tobramycin, but alendronate had a slight increase in negativity. This research would be useful for the application of gold nanoparticles in targeted drug delivery, where stability and reactivity of gold nanoparticles are critical.
m6A-related lncRNA-based immune infiltration characteristics and prognostic model in colonic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Hao-lun , Ye zhuo-miao , He Zi-yun , Huang Lu , Liu Zhi-hui 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Colonic adenocarcinoma (COAD) is a common gastrointestinal tract tumor, and its occurrence and progression are usually associated with genomic instability, tumor suppressor gene and oncogene mutations, and tumor mutational load.The biological importance of RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression in tumorigenesis and progression has been demonstrated. However, the regulatory role of m6A ‐ associated lncRNAs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the stratification of prognosis and immunotherapy have not been determined.Methods: We screened 43 prognostic lncRNAs linked to m6A and conducted consistent molecular typing of COAD using consensus clustering. The ssGSEA algorithm and the ESTIMATE algorithm were employed to assess the immune characteristics describing the different subgroups. Covariation between methylation-related prognostic lncRNAs was then eliminated by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) Cox regression. A nomogram was created and evaluated by combining the methylation-related prognostic lncRNA model with other clinical factors. And, the relationship between prognostic model grouping and microsatellite instability (MSI), immunophenotype score (IPS) and tumor mutation burden (TMB) was further validated using R language. Finally we used the linkage map (CMAP) to filter sensitive medicines to suppress the expression of high-risk genes.Results: Three separate m6A-associated lncRNA modes were discovered in 446 COAD specimens with different clinical endpoints and biological status. Risk scores were constructed based on m6A-associated lncRNA signature genes. Patients with lesser risk scores demonstrated superior immunotherapy response and clinical benefit. Further profiling suggested that lesser risk scores were also correlated with higher IPS scores, tumor mutation burden, and mutation rates in significant mutated genes (SMGs) (e.g., FAT4 and MUC16). Piperidolate, quinostatin, and mecamylamin were then screened for their ability to suppress expression of high-risk genes in the model.Conclusions: Quantitative assessment of m6A-associated lncRNAs in single tumors is expected to enhance our comprehension of the TME profile. M6A-associated lncRNAs constructed a prognostic model that facilitates prognosis and immunotherapy stratification in COAD patients, and based on the model we screened three drugs with potential therapeutic value.
Would you own a ROBOT? : A detailed research on public response to the nooks and crannies of owning a robot.
Authors: Dahal Ashim 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The utility aspects of robots in our day to day tasks have been diminished over the fear of them taking over humanity, especially thanks to unrealistic movies. But how much should the public care about having or owning a robot? What tasks do we want robots to do? Which workforce do we want a robot to join? What are the privacy concerns of owning a robot? And given the circumstances of an economy sustained by our automated metal friends, will we still want to continue our jobs? In this research, we find answers to all these questions.
A Comparison of Re-admission and Emergency Department Visits in a Colorectal Surgical Home versus Traditional Perioperative Care
Authors: Couch Caroline A , Coleman Kristen L , Fellner Angela N , Guend Hamza 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: A perioperative surgical home is a program that combines enhanced recovery protocols (ERP) with pre-operative optimization and intra-op protocols to improve outcomes post-operatively. There is no significant research on them in colorectal surgery. Our objective was to study the effect of a surgical home on re-admissions and ED visits of colorectal patients compared to traditional management. Methods: This was a retrospective study in a single system with multiple hospitals. The study group had elective colorectal surgery resection after the implementation of a colorectal surgical home that provided perioperative optimization. Patients were compared to those who underwent colorectal surgery resection with ERP but before the surgical home was established. Hospital re-admissions and ED visits within 30 days were then compared between the groups. Results: A total of 167 colorectal surgical home patient charts were compared to colorectal ERP patients only. The surgical home patients were younger than the ERP (61.6 vs 65.4). However, ASA scores and pre-operative comorbidities were very similar between the groups. The 30-day re-admissions and ED visits were improved but not statistically significant between the matched groups (10.2% vs 15.0% and 15.6% vs 19.8%) (p = 0.124 and p = 0.195). Secondary outcomes noted the surgical home group did have a lower length of stay and fewer conversions to open. Conclusions: Although there was no statistical significance between the 30-day re-admissions or ED visits, this trended towards improvement in patient treated under a surgical home when compared to those treated under ERP. ED visits decreased by 1/4 and re-admissions decreased by 1/3.
Risk stratification and prognostic value of multi-modal MRI-based radiomics for extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Zhao Yu-Ting , Chen Si-Ye , Liu Xin , Yang Yong , Chen Bo , Song Yong-Wen , Fang Hui , Jin Jing , Liu Yue-Ping , Jing Hao , Tang Yuan , Li Ning , Lu Ning-Ning , Wang Shu-Lian , Ouyang Han , Hu Chen , Liu Jin , Wang Zhi , Chen Fan , Yin Lin , Zhong Qiu-Zi , Men Kuo , Dai Jian-Rong , Qi Shu-Nan , Li Ye-Xiong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performs well in the locoregional assessment of extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL). It’s important to assess the value of multi-modal MRI-based radiomics for estimating overall survival (OS) in patients with ENKTCL.Methods: Patients with ENKTCL in a prospectively cohort were systemically reviewed and all the pretreatment MRI were acquisitioned. An unsupervised spectral clustering method was used to identify risk groups of patients and radiomic features. A nomogram-revised risk index (NRI) plus MRI radiomics signature (NRI-M) was developed, and compared with the NRI.Results: The 2 distinct type I and II groups of the MRI radiomics signatures were identified. The 5-year OS rates between the type I and type II groups were 87.2% versus 67.3% (P = 0.002) in all patients, and 88.8% versus 69.2% (P = 0.003) in early-stage patients. The discrimination and calibration of the NRI-M for OS prediction demonstrated a better performance than that of either MRI radiomics or NRI, with a mean area under curve (AUC) of 0.748 and 0.717 for predicting the 5-year OS in all-stages and early-stage patients. Conclusions: The NRI-M model has good performance for predicting the prognosis of ENKTCL and may help design clinical trials and improve clinical decision making.
Metal deposition and shape reproduction at biological temperatures on cell-level samples
Authors: Takemura Kenshin , Motomura Taisei , Iwasaki Wataru , Matsuda Naoki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The use of metal deposition has been limited to a limited number of applicable samples due to the increased temperature caused by accelerated electron impact on the substrate surface. The surfaces of various biological samples have a nanoscale structure with specific properties, which have been simulated in numerous studies. However, no examples of nano/microscale reproductions of biological surface features have used moulds. In this study, we successfully reproduced nano/micro shapes by forming metal nanofilms on bovine sperm, which were then used as moulds. Al thin films were deposited on bovine sperm using magnetron sputtering without thermal denaturation with a cathode operating at a biological temperature. The Al thin film was peeled off and used as a mould to reproduce the shape of the sperm with high accuracy using a polymer. The results of this study represent a major innovation in reproducible biomimetic moulding technology, demonstrating biological temperature sputtering. We expect our non-destructive metal deposition and metal nano-moulding methods for biological samples to be the basis for the effective utilization of various biological structures.
Using Microsatellite Data to Map the Persistence of Field-level Yield Gaps and Their Drivers in Smallholder Systems
Authors: Paliwal Ambica , Singh Balwinder , Poonia Shishpal , Jain Meha 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
One way to meet growing food demand is to increase yields in regions that have large yield gaps, including smallholder systems. To do this, it is important to quantify yield gaps, their persistence, and their drivers at large spatio-temporal scales. Here we use microsatellite data to map field-level yields from 2014 to 2018 in Bihar, India and use these data to assess the magnitude, persistence, and drivers of yield gaps at the landscape scale. We find that overall yield gaps are large (33% of mean yields), but only 17% of this yield gap is persistent across time. We find that sowing date, plot area, and weather are the factors that most explain variation in yield gaps across our study region, with earlier sowing associated with significantly higher yield values. Simulations suggest that if all farmers were able to adopt ideal management strategies, including earlier sowing and more irrigation use, yield gaps could be closed by up to 42%. These results highlight the ability of micro-satellite data to understand yield gaps and their drivers, and can be used to help identify ways to increase production in smallholder systems across the globe.
Disability-adjusted life-years and mortality rate for colorectal cancer attributable to dietary risk in Middle East and North African from 1990–2019
Authors: Darbandi Mitra , Shadmani Fatemeh Khosravi , Hamzeh Behrooz , Ghalandari Mojtaba , Moloudpour Behrooz , Pasdar Yahya 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) in low-income and middle-income countries, there is an increasing trend. This study aimed to estimate the burden of CRC attributable to dietary risk in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.Method: In current study, data of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study were used to estimate the age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). We evaluated the 30-year trend of DALYs and mortality rate of CRC attributable to dietary risk, from 1990 to 2019 by sex and age groups, in 21 countries of MENA region.Results: Percent changes ASMR attributed to dietary risk for CRC in men and women were 8.32% and 3.44%, respectively. The percent changes related to DALYs/100,000 in men and women was 8.15% and 2.50%, respectively. The highest DALYs and ASMR were in the age group of 75-79. The highest percent changes of DALYs/100,000 and ASMR was observed in Afghanistan, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan and Yemen from 1990 to 2019. Trend of ASMR and DALYs attributed to diet high in red meat; low in calcium, low in milk, low in fiber and low in whole grain risk have been increasing for CRC.Conclusion: The DALYs and ASMR attributed to dietary risk for CRC has increased in 21 countries of the MENA regions from 1990 to 2019. Dietary modification with increasing fiber, dairy products and reducing red meat intake are highly recommended strategies in preventing CRC.
Effects of Timothy Cladosporium Eyespot on Photosynthesis and Biomass
Authors: Yang Bo , Li Yan zhong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Timothy is a forage mainly grown in Min County, Gansu Province, China. An outbreak of a leaf spot disease infecting timothy grass occurred in Min County in 2020. Therefore, this study investigated the disease incidence in Min County and neighboring counties, and isolated the disease-causing pathogen for morphological and molecular characterization. To precisely diagnose its effects on timothy grass, the growth, photosynthesis, and biomass of timothy seedlings inoculated with the isolated pathogen were investigated. The young lesions were ellipsoidal-fusiform with dark purple margins and an off-white center, while the mature lesions were eye-shaped spots with a light brown center and dark purple edges. The disease incidence was 100 and 85% on plants, and leaves, respectively. Morphological and molecular characterization identified the pathogen as Cladosporium phlei. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, fresh shoot weight, and dry shoot weight of timothy seedlings after 14 days of inoculation with the pathogen were decreased by 29.77, 56, 45.45, and 46.42%, respectively. This indicates that cladosporium eyespot disease is an important timothy grass disease in Min County and its environs. Therefore, it is urgent to develop an integrated control strategy to lessen the economic loss.
A Comparative evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of 1% Nano-silver spray and Silver-sulfadiazine cream in burn ward of Imam Reza hospital in Brigand, Iran from 2019 to 2020: A prospective study
Authors: najmadini mohsen , shafaei ebrahim , ghasemian mohamad reza , salehinia hamid 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Back ground: Burns are one of the major public health problems in the world. Burn injuries have caused a significant increase in mortality rate, infections, pain, pruritus and burning sensation as the most common burn complications. Meanwhile, the use of effective topical antibiotics with less need of multiple dressing with equal or higher effectiveness compare to conventional dressings can reduce drug resistance and treatment costs and provide more convenience for medical staff and patients. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 1%silver sulfadiazine cream and silver nano spray in terms of time length of hospitalization, wound size, rate of positive wound culture, severity of pain, burning sensation and itching in patients with grade 2 and 3 heat burns below 20%. Methods: This trial clinical controlled(case-control) triple blind study was performed by simple random sampling method for 12 months on 66 patients with grade 2 and 3 heat burn under 20%, admitted in burn ward of Imam Reza Hospital in Birjand. The instruments used were:10-point pain scale score, visual analog scale score, Betsen Jensen checklist and burn wound culture. Burn wounds dressing in a group were treated with 1% silver sulfadiazine cream daily and in another group with nano-silver spray once every 3 days. Wounds were measured for size on arrival and 7th day with Betsen Jensen checklist assessment and were checked for positive wound culture in firs,3th and 6th days. The patients were evaluated for time length of hospitalization and severity of pain, burning and itching sensation every other day. Paired t-test, chi-square and ANONA with repeated measurement and SPSS software ver.18 were used to analyze the data. p < 0.05 considered as significant Results: Our research showed that there was no significant difference in rate of positive wound culture (p = 1), (t = 0), mean wound size (p = 0.1), mean time length of hospitalization (p = 0.22) and mean score of: pain severity (p = 0.69), burning sensation (p = 0.95) and itching (p = 0.56) were detected between 1% silver sulfadiazine cream and nano silver spray (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In this research, our hypothesis of being difference between 1% silver sulfadiazine cream and nano-silver spray in rate of hospitalization length time, wound culture, size of burn wound and the severity of pain, burning sensation and itching rejected and the practical effectiveness of two drugs was equal. due to facility usage of nano-silver spray and also lower cost, it can be a good alternative to silver sulfadiazine cream. Trial registration: This study was the result of research with ethics code IR.BUMS.REC.1399.089
Stress strain state of double-layered ferrocement shells under the fire condition
Authors: Zhurtov A. V. , Khezhev T. A. , Khadzhishalapov G. N. , Kardanov A. A. , Shogentsukov M. A. 
Published: May 2022

Objective. Development of a method for calculating the bearing capacity of twolayer reinforced cement shells for force and temperature effects in a fire. These structures consist of a fire-retardant layer made of vermiculite concrete, as well as a carrier layer of fine-grained concrete reinforced with mesh.Method. The solution is carried out in a physically nonlinear formulation using the deformation theory of concrete plasticity by G.A. Geniev. In obtaining the resolving equations, the theory of shallow shells by V.Z. Vlasov is used. The physically nonlinear problem reduces to the sequential solution of elastic problems for a structure whose physicomechanical parameters are functions of the x, y, z coordinates. The solution is carried out by the finite element method in combination with the Newton-Raphson method. The dependence of the characteristics of construction materials on temperature is taken into account. The temperature field is assumed to be a function of only one z coordinate, and the finite difference method is used to determine it.Result. the results of numerical simulation of full-scale experiments in a fire chamber for single-layer and two-layer shells are presented. Some deviations are revealed, caused on the one hand by inaccuracies of the experiment and errors of the theory on the other hand.Conclusion. A significant influence of the boundary conditions on the process of deformation of the structure was found. When the support contour was fixed along x and y, a shell bend up was observed, which was consistent with experimental data, and in the case of a freely sliding support contour, the structural points moved exclusively downward. In general, the agreement between the results and experimental data is quite good, which allows us to use the methodology for calculating real structures.
Numerical study of the effect of individual racks in lenses on the operation of nonlinear lenticular membrane-pneumatic systems by the step method
Authors: Kim A. Yu. , Amoyan M. F. , Khapilin V. E. 
Published: May 2022

Objective. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the methodology for static calculation of light coatings for large-span structures with lenticular membrane-pneumatic lenses, including racks at individual points of the span, using the step-iterative method of parameter increments.Method. The study involves the phased application of the finite element method (FEM), the universal equation of state of gas and the improved Euler-Cauchy numerical procedure, taking into account the geometric nonlinearity of systems and the physical nonlinearity of the elastic work of air in lenses and taking into account the aftereffect of excess air pressure.Result. A comparison is made in terms of rigidity and load-bearing capacity of membrane-pneumatic lenses, reinforced with individual posts, with the corresponding flexible membrane-pneumatic lenses of the classical type.Conclusion. In the presence of racks, the effect of a significant increase in the rigidity and bearing capacity of lenticular membrane-pneumatic systems is observed for large spans. The distance between the posts along the building can be adjusted during the design and thereby regulate the effect of strengthening the system. The maximum deflections of the lenticular-shaped membrane-pneumatic system reinforced with struts are much less than the maximum deflections of the lenticular membrane-pneumatic system of the classical type under the action of the calculated snow load of the first and second limit states.
Application of numerical simulation for the modernization of the exhaust system of gas turbine engines
Authors: Boshchenko T. V. , Lebedev S. Yu. , Korolevskikh A. N. 
Published: May 2022

Objective. The aim of the study is to modernize the design of the exhaust system of gas turbine engines (GTE) in order to reduce aerodynamic losses using numerical methods (CFD methods) for simulating the flow of exhaust gases.Method. The directions of modernization were chosen by considering the pattern of the flow of exhaust gases (separated flow zones and vortex flows) in the exhaust system during numerical modeling (Computational Fluid Dynamics). The modernization of the exhaust system consists in profiling the axial diffuser and changing the design of the gas collector.Result. The profiling of the axial diffuser was performed using numerical simulation methods. The design of the gas collector was changed based on the technical solution proposed by V.B. Yavkin. Numerical simulation of the flow of exhaust gases in the modernized exhaust device was performed. To evaluate the results of modernization in numerical models of the modernized design and prototype, the values of aerodynamic losses at the outlet of the axial diffuser and gas collector were determined.Conclusion. CFD modeling made it possible to obtain data on the structure of the exhaust gas flow in the upgraded exhaust system, to see the pattern of the distribution of velocities and pressures. The results of the numerical experiment showed a decrease in pressure losses in the exhaust system by 11% relative to the prototype.