bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mucosal TLR2-activating protein-based vaccination induces potent pulmonary immunity and protection against SARS-CoV-2 in mice
Authors: Ashhurst Anneliese , Johansen Matt , Maxwell Joshua , Ashley Caroline , Aggarwal Anupriya , Siddiquee Rezwan , Miemczyk Stefan , Nguyen Duc , Mackay Joel , Counoupas Claudio , Byrne Scott , Turville Stuart , Steain Megan , Triccas James , Hansbro Philip , Payne Richard , Britton Warwick 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Current vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 substantially reduce mortality, but protection against infection is less effective. Enhancing immunity in the respiratory tract, via mucosal vaccination, may provide protection against infection and minimise viral spread. We tested a novel subunit vaccine in mice, consisting of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein with a TLR2-stimulating adjuvant, delivered to mice parenterally or mucosally. Both routes of vaccination induced substantial neutralising antibody (nAb) titres, however, mucosal vaccination uniquely generated anti-Spike IgA, increased nAb in the serum and airways, and increased lung CD4+ T-cell responses. TLR2 is expressed by respiratory epithelia and immune cells. Using TLR2 deficient chimeric mice, we determined that TLR2 expression in either compartment facilitated early innate responses to mucosal vaccination. By contrast, TLR2 on hematopoietic cells was essential for optimal lung-localised, antigen-specific responses. In a K18-hACE2 mice, vaccination provided complete protection against disease and sterilising lung immunity against SARS-CoV-2. These data support mucosal vaccination as a strategy to improve protection in the respiratory tract against SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses.
Comparison of Clinical Results Between a 4-point Scleral Fixation of Intraocular Lenses Using Gore-tex Suture and a 2-point Fixation Using Prolene Suture
Authors: Han Jeong Mo , Cha Dong Min , Ku Hee Chan , Lim Dong Kwon , Lee Eun Koo , Yu Hyeong-Gon 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To compare clinical outcomes between a 4-point scleral fixation of intraocular lenses (IOLs) using Gore-Tex suture or a 2-point scleral fixation using Prolene sutureMethods: In this multicenter, retrospective cohort study, patients were enrolled who had undergone a pars plana vitrectomy and either a 4-point scleral fixation using Gore-Tex suture or a 2-point scleral fixation using Prolene suture. Preoperative biometrics, postoperative refractive outcomes, and postoperative surgical complication rates were evaluated.Results: Thirty-seven eyes underwent scleral fixation with Gore-Tex suture, while 44 eyes underwent scleral fixation with Prolene suture. Postoperative best corrected visual acuity was 0.20 (± 0.34) in the Gore-Tex group and 0.21 (± 0.28) in the Prolene group (logMAR, 20/32 on the Snellen scale) (p = 0.691). No significant difference was found in the average prediction error between the Gore-Tex (-0.13 ± 0.68 D) and Prolene (-0.21 ± 1.27 D) groups (p = 0.077). The postoperative complication rate was lower in the Gore-Tex group (17%) than in the Prolene group (41%) (p = 0.023).Conclusion: A 4-point scleral fixation using Gore-Tex suture may be a good alternative to a conventional scleral fixation using Prolene suture for IOL implantations in eyes without capsular support, with a lower risk of postoperative complications.
The Predictive Five: a Supervised Learning Approach to Personality Psychology
Authors: Gilead Michael , Lavi Gal , Rosenblatt Jonathan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the current study, we set out to examine the viability of a novel approach to modeling human personality. Research in psychology suggests that people’s personalities can be effectively described using five broad dimensions (the Five-Factor Model; FFM); however, the FFM potentially leaves room for improved predictive accuracy. We propose a novel approach to modeling human personality that is based on the maximization of the model’s predictive accuracy. Unlike the FFM, which performs unsupervised dimensionality reduction, we utilized a supervised machine learning technique for dimensionality reduction of questionnaire data, using numerous psychologically meaningful outcomes as data labels (e.g., intelligence, well-being, sociability). The results showed that our five-dimensional personality summary, which we term the “Predictive Five” (PF), provides predictive performance that is better than the FFM on two independent validation datasets, and on a new set of outcome variables selected by an independent group of psychologists. The approach described herein has the promise of eventually providing an interpretable, low-dimensional personality representation, which is also highly predictive of behavior.
Detection of Radicalisation and Extremism Online: A Survey
Authors: Tanoli Irfan , Pais Sebastião , Cordeiro João , Jamil Muhammad Luqman 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Due to the lack of regulation, the large volume of user-generated online content reflects more closely the offline world than official news sources. Therefore, social media platforms have become an attractive space for anyone seeking independent information. One of the main goals of this work is to clarify concepts such as Extremism and Collective Radicalisation, Social Media, Sentiments/Emotions/Opinions Analysis, as well as the combinations of all of them. Methods: The automatic identification of extremism and collective radicalisation requires sophisticated Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods and resources, especially those dealing with opinions, emotions or sentiment analysis. Text mining and knowledge extraction are also crucial, in particular, directed toward social media and micro-blogging. Results: The present document comprehends a study on theoretical material, focusing on the main concepts of the subject, including the main problems and challenges, from the different areas that compose online radicalisation research. Understanding and detecting extremism and collective radicalism online has a connection to sentiment analysis and opinion mining. There are many barriers to understanding extremism and collective radicalisation; one is to differentiate between who is really engaged in the process and who is just eventually talking about it. Conclusions: The other focus of this work is to find the best ways to identify extremism and collective radicalisation on the internet, using sentiment analysis and focusing on probabilistic methods to create an unsupervised and language-independent approach.
In situ X-ray and acoustic observations of deep seismic faulting upon phase transitions in mantle olivine
Authors: Ohuchi Tomohiro , Higo Yuji , Tange Yoshinori , Sakai Takeshi , Matsuda Kohei , Irifune Tetsuo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Activity of deep earthquakes, which increases with depth from ~400 km to a peak at ~600 km and abruptly decreases to zero at 680 km, is enigmatic, because brittle failure is unlikely to occur under the corresponding pressures of 13−24 GPa. It has been suggested that pressure-induced phase transitions of olivine in subducted slabs are responsible for occurrence of the deep earthquakes, based on deformation experiments under pressure. However, most experiments were made using analogue materials of mantle olivine and at pressures below ~5 GPa, which are not applicable directly to the actual slabs. Here we report the results of deformation experiments combined with in situ X-ray observations and acoustic emission measurements on (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 olivine at 11−17 GPa and 860−1250 K, equivalent to the conditions of colder regions of the slabs subducted into the mantle transition region. We find that faulting occurs only at very limited temperatures of 1100−1160 K, accompanied by intense acoustic emissions from both inside and outside of the sample, immediately before the rupture. The formation of lenticular packets filled with nanocrystalline olivine and wadsleyite is confirmed in the recovered sample without faulting, indicating that the faulting is caused by adiabatic shear heating along the weak layer of the connected lenticular packets, where nanocrystalline olivine plays important roles. Our study suggests that the transformational faulting occurs on the isothermal surface of the metastable olivine wedge in subducted slabs, leading to deep earthquakes in limited regions and depth range.
Implications of Multiple Numerical Aspects for Carreau Nanofluids With Heat Generation/absorption via Nonuniform Channels
Authors: Hashim Hashim , Rehman Sohail 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Nanomaterials are unique work fluids with preeminent thermal performance for improving heat dissipation. We present theoretical and mathematical insights into nanofluid heat transfer and flow dynamics in nonuniform channels utilizing a non-Newtonian fluid. Therefore, the impacts of heat absorption/generation and Joule heating in a magneto hydrodynamic flow of a Carreau nanofluid into a convergent channel with viscous dissipation are addressed in this mathematical approach. Brownian and thermophoresis diffusion are considered to investigate the behavior of temperature and concentration. The magnetic effects on the flow performance are measured. The leading nonlinear equations are solved numerically using the BVP4c solver and RK-4 (Runge–Kutta) along with the shooting algorithm using the computer software MATLAB. The obtained dual solutions are presented graphically. The consequences of the variable magnetic field, heat absorption/generation and numerous physical parameters on the temperature and concentration field are surveyed. The outcomes show that increasing the rates of the heat absorption/generation parameter and Eckert number enhances the thickness of the thermal profile of the convergent channels, while increasing the value of the Prandtl number expands the thickness of the momentum boundary layer of the convergent channels. The key findings related to the study models are presented and discussed. An assessment of solutions achieved in this article is made with existing data in the literature.
Torque Teno Virus in Nasopharyngeal Aspirate of Children With Respiratory Infections
Authors: Rosal Teresa del , García-García María Luz , Casas Inmaculada , Alcolea Sonia , Iglesias-Caballero María , Pozo Francisco , Rodrigo-Muñoz Jose Manuel , Pozo Victoria del , Calvo Cristina 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Torque teno virus (TTV) is responsible for persistent infections and is considered a marker of immune function. The role of TTV as a facilitator of respiratory infections(RIs) is unknown. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of TTV in the nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) of hospitalized children with RIs and correlate them with outcomes and immune response. NPA was taken for testing 16 respiratory viruses by RT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), TTV PCR, and immunological study.Sixty hospitalized children with an RI and 3 healthy control infants were included. A total of 51/60 patients had a positive common respiratory viral (CRV) identification. A total of 24/63 (38.1%) children were TTV+ and had other CRVs in 95.8% of cases vs 74.4% in TTV- (p=0.029). TTV+ patients tended to be older, have fever, and need PICU admission more often than TTV- patients. Abnormal chest X-ray was more frequent in the TTV+ patients, OR 2.6(95% CI:1.3-5.2).The genetic expression of filaggrin (involved in epithelial barrier integrity) was lower in TTV+ patients; however, levels of filaggrin in the NPA were increased.In summary, TTV infection is common in children with RI and could be associated with pneumonia, greater severity, and alteration in filaggrin gene expression and protein release.
A Single Center 9-Year Experience in IVC Filter Retrieval - The Importance of an IVC Filter Registry.
Authors: Sheehan Mark , Coppin Kristopher , Brien Cormac O’ , McGrath Andrew , Given Mark , Keeling Aoife , Lee Michael J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background:To evaluate Inferior vena cava (IVC) filter retrieval practices over a 9-year period at an academic hospital with a prospectively maintained IVC filter registry. Method:An IVC filter registry was maintained prospectively within our institution. We reviewed cases between August 2011 and June 2020, following filter status, retrieval plans, and eventual retrieval date. The validity of the database was cross referenced with a Picture Archiving and Communication System and patient records. Results:343 patients had IVC filters inserted. Three filter types were used, Celect (Cook Medical) in 189, Gunther Tulip (GT) (Cook Medical) in 65, ALN (ALN) in 89. 196 filters were retrieved, 108 were made permanent, 36 died before retrieval, and 3 were yet to be retrieved. Retrieval rates were 92.5% overall (86% for GT, 93% for Celect and 94.5% for ALN). The mean dwell time for successful retrieval was 59 days with the majority of insertions (85%) removed in under 100 days. Failed initial retrieval occurred in 23 patients, 10 (43%) were retrieved at second attempt, 13/23 filters remained in-situ and were deemed permanent after discussion with the patient and referring team. Conclusion:The removal of IVC filters, when indication for insertion has past, is no longer the sole responsibility of the referring physician but also the responsibility of the Interventionalist. Our retrieval rates of 92.5% of eligible IVC filters highlights the value of maintaining a prospective IVC filter registry.
Functional Genomics Analysis to Disentangle the Role of Genetic Variants in Major Depression
Authors: Pérez-Granado Judith , Piñero Janet , Medina-Rivera Alejandra , Furlong Laura I. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Major Depression is the leading cause of impairment worldwide. The understanding of its molecular underpinnings is key to identifying new potential biomarkers and drug targets to alleviate its burden in society. Leveraging available GWAS data and functional genomic tools to assess regulatory variation could help explain the role of Major Depression associated genetic variants in disease pathogenesis. We have conducted a fine-mapping analysis of genetic variants associated with Major Depression and applied a pipeline focused on gene expression regulation by using two complementary approaches: cis-eQTL colocalization analysis using GTEx data and alteration of transcription factor binding sites with pattern matching approaches and chromatin accessibility data.Results: The fine-mapping of major depression genetic variants uncovered putative causally associated variants whose proximal genes were linked with Major Depression pathophysiology. Four genetic variants altering the expression of 5 genes were found by colocalization analysis, highlighting the role of SLC12A5, involved in chlorine homeostasis in neurons, and MYRF, related with central nervous system myelination and oligodendrocyte differentiation. The transcription factor binding analysis revealed the potential role of the genomic variant rs62259947 in modulating the expression of P4HTM through the alteration of YY1 binding site, altogether regulating hypoxia response.Conclusions: The combination of GWAS signals, cis-eQTL, transcription factor binding site information and active regulatory regions in the chromatin, enabled the prioritization of putative causal genetic variants in Major Depression. Importantly, our pipeline can be applied when only index genetic variants are available. Finally, the presented approach enabled the proposal of mechanistic hypotheses of these genetic variants and their role in disease pathogenesis.
Neutralizing antibody titres to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and wild-type virus in those with past infection or vaccinated or boosted with mRNA BNT162b2 or inactivated CoronaVac vaccines
Authors: Peiris Malik , Cheng Samuel , Mok Chris Ka Pun , Leung Yonna , Ng Susanna , Chan Karl , Ko Fanny , Yiu Karen , Lam Bosco , Lau Eric , Chan Ken , Luk Leo , Li John , Tsang Leo , Poon Leo , Chen Chunke , Hui David 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Omicron, a novel SARS-CoV-2 variant has emerged and is rapidly becoming the dominant SARS-CoV-2 virus circulating globally. It is important to define reductions in virus neutralizing activity in serum of convalescent or vaccinated individuals to understand potential loss of protection from infection or re-infection. Two doses of BNT162b2 or CoronaVac vaccines provided little 50% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50) antibody immunity against the Omicron variant, even at one-month post vaccination. Booster doses with BNT162b2 in those with two doses of either BNT162b2 or CoronaVac provided acceptable neutralizing immunity against Omicron variant at 1-month post-booster dose. However, three doses of BNT162b2 elicited higher levels of PRNT50 antibody to Omicron variant suggesting longer duration of protection. Convalescent from SARS-CoV-2 infection did not have protective PRNT50 antibody levels to Omicron, but a single dose of BNT162b2 vaccine provided protective immunity. Field vaccine-efficacy studies against Omicron variant against different vaccines are urgently needed.
Artificial Intelligence for the Prediction of Acute Kidney Injury During the Perioperative Period: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy
Authors: zhang hanfei , Wang Amanda Y , Wu Shukun , Ngo Johnathan , Feng Yunlin , He Xin , Zhang Yingfeng , Wu Xingwei , Hong Daqing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is independently associated with morbidity and mortality in a wide range of surgical settings. Nowadays, with the increasing use of electronic health records (EHR), advances in patient information retrieval, and cost reduction in clinical informatics, artificial intelligence is increasingly being used to improve early recognition and management for perioperative AKI. However, there is no quantitative synthesis of the performance of these methods.Objective: To estimate the sensitivity and specificity of artificial intelligence for the prediction of acute kidney injury during the perioperative period.Methods: Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched to 2nd October 2021. Studies presenting diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence in the early detection of perioperative acute kidney injury were included. Two independent evaluators extracted data. The risk of bias of eligible studies was assessed using the PROBAST tool.Results: Nineteen studies involving 304,076 patients were included. Quantitative random-effects meta-analysis using the Rutter and Gatsonis hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristics (HSROC) model revealed pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.73 to 0.81),0.75 (95% CI: 0.71 to 0.80), and 10.7 (95% CI 8.5 to 13.5), respectively. Threshold effect was found to be the only source of heterogeneity, and there was no evidence of publication bias.Conclusions: Our review demonstrates the promising performance of artificial intelligence for early prediction of perioperative AKI. Further studies should focus on the improvement of existing models, novel biomarkers, and clinical effectiveness.
Measurement And Simulation Calculation of Wire Bow Angle During The Diamond Wire Saw Process
Authors: Xu Zhiteng , Huang Hui , Cui Changcai 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The wire bow angle is an important factor that affects the shape precision of an ingot after the diamond wire sawing process. In this research, the wire bow angles of the inside and outside of an ingot were recorded with a high-speed camera. The effects of the processing parameters such as the wire tension force, feed speed, and wire speed on the wire bow angles inside and outside the ingot were analyzed. A numerical simulation model of the wire bow in the wire sawing process is presented in this paper to describe the wire bow angle inside the ingot. It was shown that the wire bow angle inside the ingot was smaller than that of outside the ingot for all of the processing parameters. The wire bow angles improved with the increase of the feed speed and decrease of the wire speed and the wire tension force. The results of the wire bow angle measurement of the inside ingot and the simulation calculation were similar for the process parameters.
Systems pharmacology dissection of the anti-myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury mechanism for Ganjiang Fuzi decoction
Authors: Xie Feng , Gou Nan , Ma Yue , Peng Ji , Zhang Tiantian , Li Min 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: As the commonest form of ischemic heart diseases, the Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion injury (MI/RI) accounts for almost 50 percent of all deaths. The prevention and treatment of MI/RI while reducing the mortality of myocardial infarction has become a raging topic of research in the cardiovascular field. At present, there are no effective drugs for the treatment of MI/RI. Hence, it becomes imperative to identify or develop efficient lead compounds for treating MI/RI. It has been reported that the Ganjiang Fuzi Decoction (GFD) could be used for the effective treatment of MI/RI due to its promotion of vasodilation and vascular endothelial cell proliferation besides reducing the oxidative damage. Methods: The network pharmacological methods were used in this study, for analyzing the biological processes and the molecular mechanisms of the GFD for MI/RI treatment. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed for verification of the results of the network pharmacological predictions. Results: Around 16 active components of GFD were discovered against MI/RI, where aconitine, 6-ginger, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine were the leading ones with regard to the degree value. Moreover, it was found that 88 MI/RI-related targets mainly involved six aspects, apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial energy metabolism, and vasodilation. In vitro studies indicated the ability of the GFD to increase the survival rate, decrease the apoptosis rate, reduce oxidative damage, and increase the expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, and eNOS in hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R) injured Rat Vascular Endothelial Cells (RVEC). The in vivo studies illustrated the capacity of the GFD to reduce the myocardial tissue damage and the infarction area, while increasing the expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, and eNOS in the MI/RI rats. Conclusions: The results of this study confirmed the anti-MI/RI role of the GFD through the activation of the HIF-1α signaling pathway, promotion of vascular proliferation and dilation, and the reduction in oxidative damage. The findings of this study would further provide experimental evidence for the application of the GFD in the treatment of MI/RI.
Discrete-Time Memristor Model for Enhancing Chaotic Complexity and Application in Secure Communication
Authors: Yan Wenhao , Jiang Zijing , Ding Qun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

The physical implementation of continuoustime memristor makes it widely used in chaotic circuits, whereas discrete-time memristor has not received much attention. In this paper, the backward-Euler method is used to discretize TiO2 memristor model, and the discretized model also meets the three fingerprinter characteristics of the generalized memristor. The short period phenomenon and uneven output distribution of one-dimensional chaotic systems affect their applications in some fields, so it is necessary to improve the dynamic characteristics of one-dimensional chaotic systems. In this paper, a two-dimensional discrete-time memristor model is obtained by linear coupling the proposed TiO2 memristor model and one-dimensional chaotic systems. Since the two-dimensional model has infinite fixed points, the stability of these fixed points depends on the coupling parameters and the initial state of the discrete TiO2 memristor model. Furthermore, the dynamic characteristics of one-dimensional chaotic systems can be enhanced by the proposed method. Finally, we apply the generated chaotic sequence to secure communication.