bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity of circulating CD4+CD8+ double-positive T cells characterized by scRNA-seq analysis and trajectory inference
Authors: Choi Sung Min , Park Hi Jung , Choi Eun A , Jung Kyeong Cheon , Lee Jae Il 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe frequency of CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) T cells is highly associated with a variety of diseases. Recently, we used high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing to show that circulating DP T cells in cynomolgus monkeys comprise nine heterogeneous populations. To better understand the characteristics of DP T cells, we analyzed 7601 cells from a rhesus monkey and detected 14,459 genes. Rhesus monkey DP T cells comprised heterogeneous populations (naïve, Treg-, Tfh-, CCR9+ Th-, Th17-, Th2-, Eomes+ Tr1-, CTL-, PLZF+ innate- and Eomes+ innate-like cells) with multiple potential functions. We also identified two new subsets using aggregated scRNA-seq datasets from the rhesus and the cynomolgus monkey: CCR9+ Th-like cells expressing ICAM2 and ITGA1, and PLZF+ innate-like cells that display innate-associated gene signatures such as ZBTB16, TYROBP, MAP3K8, and KLRB1. Trajectory inference of cell differentiation status showed that most DP T cells in the rhesus monkey were found in the mid-to-late pseudotime, whereas DP T cells from the cynomolgus monkey were found in early pseudotime. This suggests that DP T cells in rhesus monkeys may exhibit more diverse differentiation states than those in cynomolgus monkeys. Thus, scRNA-seq and trajectory inference identified a more diverse subset of the circulating DP T cells than originally thought.
Effect of particulate matter 2.5 on QT dispersion in patients with chronic respiratory disease
Authors: Wongcharoen Wanwarang , Uthaithummakul Thanaphum , Krintratun Sarunsorn , Thongsujaritkul Thananan , Wattananukorn Thanatat , Nantsupawat Teerapat , Pothirat Chaicharn , Inchai Juthamas , Phrommintikul Arintaya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPM2.5 air pollutants increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias. The prolonged corrected QT interval (QTc) and QT dispersion (QTd) is common in patients with chronic airway disease and is associated with heightened risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmia. We sought to examine the effect of PM2.5 exposure on QTc and QTd in patients with chronic airway disease. We enrolled 73 patients with chronic airway disease into the study. The 12-lead ECGs were recorded during high-exposure and low-exposure periods of PM2.5. QTc and QTd were compared between 2 periods. Mean age was 70 ± 10 years. Mean FEV1/FVC was 63 ± 14%. There was no difference in QTc between PM2.5 high-exposure and low-exposure periods. However, QTd was significantly increased during PM2.5 high-exposure compared to low-exposure periods in male patients (43.5 ± 15.0 vs. 38.2 ± 12.1 ms, P = 0.044) but no difference was found in females. We found that patients who worked mostly indoor had less QTd than those working outdoor during PM2.5 low-exposure period. In addition, those who wore face mask tended to have less QTd during low-exposure period than those who did not. High PM2.5 exposure increased QTd in male patients with chronic airway disease. Working indoors and wearing face mask were associated with less QTd.
Antiviral effect of cetylpyridinium chloride in mouthwash on SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Takeda Ryo , Sawa Hirofumi , Sasaki Michihito , Orba Yasuko , Maishi Nako , Tsumita Takuya , Ushijima Natsumi , Hida Yasuhiro , Sano Hidehiko , Kitagawa Yoshimasa , Hida Kyoko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), a quaternary ammonium compound, which is present in mouthwash, is effective against bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses. This study was conducted to explore the antiviral effect of CPC on SARS-CoV-2. There are few reports on the effect of CPC against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 at low concentrations such as 0.001%–0.005% (10–50 µg/mL). Interestingly, we found that low concentrations of CPC suppressed the infectivity of human isolated SARS-CoV-2 strains (Wuhan, Alpha, Beta, and Gamma) even in saliva. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CPC shows anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects without disrupting the virus envelope, using sucrose density analysis and electron microscopic examination. In conclusion, this study provided experimental evidence that CPC may inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection even at lower concentrations.
Evidence of secular variation in Archean crust formation in the Eastern Indian Shield
Authors: Mandal Prantik 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the dominant crustal accretion model in any Archean craton is the key to understanding the dominant geodynamic process responsible for early crust formation during the Hadean (> 4.0 Ga) and Archaean (4.0–2.5 Ga). The continental crust has been proposed to have formed through either horizontal/vertical accretion related to subduction or mantle plume tectonic processes. Here, the Moho depths and average crustal Vp/Vs ratios are modelled at 16 broadband stations in the Eastern Indian Shield (EIS) through HK stacking of radial P-receiver functions (PRFs). These modelled parameters are used to test both plume and subduction models, which might have played a key role in the crustal accretion of the EIS throughout the Archean. We observe a correlation between crustal age and composition within the ellipsoidal Paleoarchean cratonic domain in the Singhbhum-Odisha-Craton (SOC), which reveals an increase in age from the younger granitoid core of the SOC (with thinning of felsic crust) to the surrounding older greenstone belts (with thickening of felsic crust). A thinner mafic crust resulting from multiple magmatic events characterizes the neighbouring Meso-Proterozoic Chotanagpur Granitic Gneissic terrain (CGGT). The Common Conversion Point (CCP) image of radial PRFs reveals northward subduction of the Paleoarchean SOC below the Meso-Proterozoic CGGT.
Novel 3D in situ visualization of seal heartworm (Acanthocheilonema spirocauda) larvae in the seal louse (Echinophthirius horridus) by X-ray microCT
Authors: Ebmer David , Handschuh Stephan , Schwaha Thomas , Rubio-García Ana , Gärtner Ulrich , Glösmann Martin , Taubert Anja , Hermosilla Carlos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe seal heartworm Acanthocheilonema spirocauda (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) parasitizes the heart and pulmonary arteries of various phocid seals of the Northern Hemisphere. Over many decades, potential vectors of this parasite have been discussed, and to this date, the life cycle is not fully known. The seal louse Echinophthirius horridus (Anoplura: Echinophthiriidae) is an obligatory, permanent and haematophagous ectoparasite of phocids that has been hypothesized to function as obligate intermediate host for A. spirocauda. We examined 11 adult E. horridus specimens collected from stranded harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in rehabilitation at the Sealcentre Pieterburen by X-ray microCT imaging, aiming to illustrate larval A. spirocauda infection sites in situ. In three of these specimens, thread-like larvae were detected in insect organs. Detailed imaging of the most infected louse revealed a total of 54 A. spirocauda larvae located either in fat bodies or the haemocoel. Histological analysis of the same specimen illustrated nematode cross-sections, confirming X-ray microCT data. The current data strongly suggest that E. horridus is a natural intermediate host for A. spirocauda. Moreover, we demonstrate the potential of X-ray microCT-based imaging as a non-destructive method to analyze host-parasite interactions, especially in the neglected field of marine mammal parasitology.
Assessing preoperative risk of STR in skull meningiomas using MR radiomics and machine learning
Authors: Musigmann Manfred , Akkurt Burak Han , Krähling Hermann , Brokinkel Benjamin , Henssen Dylan J. H. A. , Sartoretti Thomas , Nacul Nabila Gala , Stummer Walter , Heindel Walter , Mannil Manoj 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOur aim is to predict possible gross total and subtotal resections of skull meningiomas from pre-treatment T1 post contrast MR-images using radiomics and machine learning in a representative patient cohort. We analyse the accuracy of our model predictions depending on the tumor location within the skull and the postoperative tumor volume. In this retrospective, IRB-approved study, image segmentation of the contrast enhancing parts of the tumor was semi-automatically performed using the 3D Slicer open-source software platform. Imaging data were split into training data and independent test data at random. We extracted a total of 107 radiomic features by hand-delineated regions of interest on T1 post contrast MR images. Feature preselection and model construction were performed with eight different machine learning algorithms. Each model was estimated 100 times on new training data and then tested on a previously unknown, independent test data set to avoid possible overfitting. Our cohort included 138 patients. A gross total resection of the meningioma was performed in 107 cases and a subtotal resection in the remaining 31 cases. Using the training data, the mean area under the curve (AUC), mean accuracy, mean kappa, mean sensitivity and mean specificity were 0.901, 0.875, 0.629, 0.675 and 0.933 respectively. We obtained very similar results with the independent test data: mean AUC = 0.900, mean accuracy = 0.881, mean kappa = 0.644, mean sensitivity = 0.692 and mean specificity = 0.936. Thus, our model exposes good and stable predictive performance with both training and test data. Our radiomics approach shows that with machine learning algorithms and comparatively few explanatory factors such as the location of the tumor within the skull as well as its shape, it is possible to make accurate predictions about whether a meningioma can be completely resected by surgery. Complete resections and resections with larger postoperative tumor volumes can be predicted with very high accuracy. However, cases with very small postoperative tumor volumes are comparatively difficult to predict correctly.
Interactions between the intrarenal dopaminergic and the renin–angiotensin systems in the control of systemic arterial pressure
Authors: Vaz de Castro Pedro Alves Soares , Jose Pedro A. , Simões e Silva Ana Cristina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Systemic arterial hypertension is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the general population, being a risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases. Although its pathogenesis is complex and still poorly understood, some systems appear to play major roles in its development. This review aims to update the current knowledge on the interaction of the intrarenal renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and dopaminergic system in the development of hypertension, focusing on recent scientific hallmarks in the field. The intrarenal RAS, composed of several peptides and receptors, has a critical role in the regulation of blood pressure (BP) and, consequently, the development of hypertension. The RAS is divided into two main intercommunicating axes: the classical axis, composed of angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin II, and angiotensin type 1 receptor, and the ACE2/angiotensin-(1–7)/Mas axis, which appears to modulate the effects of the classical axis. Dopamine and its receptors are also increasingly showing an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension, as abnormalities in the intrarenal dopaminergic system impair the regulation of renal sodium transport, regardless of the affected dopamine receptor subtype. There are five dopamine receptors, which are divided into two major subtypes: the D1-like (D1R and D5R) and D2-like (D2R, D3R, and D4R) receptors. Mice deficient in any of the five dopamine receptor subtypes have increased BP. Intrarenal RAS and the dopaminergic system have complex interactions. The balance between both systems is essential to regulate the BP homeostasis, as alterations in the control of both can lead to hypertension.
The negative regulation of gene expression by microRNAs as key driver of inducers and repressors of cardiomyocyte differentiation
Authors: Cianflone Eleonora , Scalise Mariangela , Marino Fabiola , Salerno Luca , Salerno Nadia , Urbanek Konrad , Torella Daniele 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cardiac muscle damage-induced loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs) and dysfunction of the remaining ones leads to heart failure, which nowadays is the number one killer worldwide. Therapies fostering effective cardiac regeneration are the holy grail of cardiovascular research to stop the heart failure epidemic. The main goal of most myocardial regeneration protocols is the generation of new functional CMs through the differentiation of endogenous or exogenous cardiomyogenic cells. Understanding the cellular and molecular basis of cardiomyocyte commitment, specification, differentiation and maturation is needed to devise innovative approaches to replace the CMs lost after injury in the adult heart. The transcriptional regulation of CM differentiation is a highly conserved process that require sequential activation and/or repression of different genetic programs. Therefore, CM differentiation and specification have been depicted as a step-wise specific chemical and mechanical stimuli inducing complete myogenic commitment and cell-cycle exit. Yet, the demonstration that some microRNAs are sufficient to direct ESC differentiation into CMs and that four specific miRNAs reprogram fibroblasts into CMs show that CM differentiation must also involve negative regulatory instructions. Here, we review the mechanisms of CM differentiation during development and from regenerative stem cells with a focus on the involvement of microRNAs in the process, putting in perspective their negative gene regulation as a main modifier of effective CM regeneration in the adult heart.
Laboratory spectroscopy of theoretical ices: Predictions for JWST and test for astrochemical models
Authors: Müller B. , Giuliano B. M. , Vasyunin A. , Fedoseev G. , Caselli P. 
Published: August 2022

Context. The pre-stellar core L1544 has been the subject of several observations conducted in the past years, complemented by modelling studies focused on its gas and ice-grain chemistry. The chemical composition of the ice mantles reflects the environmental physical changes along the temporal evolution, such as density and temperature. The investigation outcome hints at a layered structure of interstellar ices with abundance of H2O in the inner layers and an increasing concentration of CO near the surface. The morphology of interstellar ice analogues can be investigated experimentally assuming a composition derived from chemical models.
Aims. This research presents a new approach of a three-dimensional fit where observational results are first fitted with a gas-grain chemical model predicting the exact ice composition including infrared (IR) inactive species. Then the laboratory IR spectra are recorded for interstellar ice analogues whose compositions reflect the obtained numerical results, in a layered and in a mixed morphology. These results could then be compared with the results of James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations. Special attention is paid to the inclusion of IR inactive species whose presence is predicted in the ice, but is typically omitted in the laboratory obtained data. This stands for N2, one of the main possible constituents of interstellar ice mantles, and O2.
Methods. Ice analogue spectra were recorded at a temperature of 10 K using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. In the case of layered ice we deposited a H2O-CO-N2-O2 mixture on top of a H2O-CH3OH-N2 ice, while in the case of mixed ice we examined a H2O-CH3OH-N2-CO composition. The selected species are the four most abundant ice components predicted by the chemical model. Results. Following the changing composition and structure of the ice, we find differences in the absorption bands for most of the examined vibrational modes. The extent of observed changes in the IR band profiles will allow us to analyse the structure of ice mantles in L1544 from future observations by the JWST.
Conclusions. Our spectroscopic measurements of interstellar ice analogues predicted by our well-received gas-grain chemical codes of pre-stellar cores will allow detailed comparison with upcoming JWST observations. This is crucial in order to put stringent constraints on the chemical and physical structure of dust icy mantles just before the formation of stars and protoplanetary disks, and to explain surface chemistry.
Methanol deuteration in high-mass protostars
Authors: van Gelder M. L. , Jaspers J. , Nazari P. , Ahmadi A. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Beltrán M. T. , Fuller G. A. , Sánchez-Monge Á. , Schilke P. 
Published: August 2022

Context. The deuteration of molecules forming in the ices such as methanol (CH3OH) is sensitive to the physical conditions during their formation in dense cold clouds and can be probed through observations of deuterated methanol in hot cores.
Aims. The aim is to determine the D/H ratio of methanol for a large sample of 99 high-mass protostars and to link this to the physical conditions during the formation of methanol in the prestellar phases.
Methods. Observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) containing transitions of CH3OH, CH2DOH, CHD2OH, 13CH3OH, and CH318OH are investigated. The column densities of CH2DOH, CHD2OH, and CH3OH are determined for all sources, where the column density of CH3OH is derived from optically thin 13C and 18O isotopologues. Consequently, the D/H ratio of methanol is derived taking statistical effects into account.
Results. Singly deuterated methanol (CH2DOH) is detected at the 3σ level toward 25 of the 99 sources in our sample of the high-mass protostars. Including upper limits, the (D/H)CH3OH ratio inferred from NCH2DOH/NCH3OH was derived for 38 of the 99 sources and varies between ~10−3-10−2. Including other high-mass hot cores from the literature, the mean methanol D/H ratio is 1.1 ± 0.7 × 10−3. This is more than one order of magnitude lower than what is seen for low-mass protostellar systems (2.2 ± 1.2 × 10−2). Doubly deuterated methanol (CHD2OH) is detected at the 3σ level toward 11 of the 99 sources. Including upper limits for 15 sources, the (D/H)CH2DOH ratios derived from NCHD2OH/NCH2DOH are more than two orders of magnitude higher than (D/H)CH3OH with an average of 2.0 ± 0.8 × 10−1 which is similar to what is found for low-mass sources. Comparison with literature GRAINOBLE models suggests that the high-mass prestellar phases are either warm (>20 K) or live shorter than the free-fall timescale. In contrast, for low-mass protostars, both a low temperature of <15 K and a prestellar phase timescale longer than the free-fall timescale are necessary.
Conclusions. The (D/H)CH3OH ratio drops by more than an order of magnitude between low-mass and high-mass protostars due to either a higher temperature during the prestellar phases or shorter prestellar phases. However, successive deuteration toward CHD2OH seems equally effective between low-mass and high-mass systems.
Do Glucagonlike Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist and Sodium-glucose
Co-transporter 2 Inhibitor Prescriptions in Germany Reflect Recommendations for
Type 2 Diabetes with Cardiovascular Disease of the ADA/EASD Consensus
Report?
Authors: Barth Sebastian Dietmar , Kostev Karel , Krensel Magdalene , Mathey Elke , Rathmann Wolfgang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives To analyze whether prescription use of GLP-1RA and SGLT2i in
individuals with type 2 diabetes with cardiovascular disease (CVD) has increased
after the ADA/EASD consensus guidelines (2018) in a German Real-World
setting and which clinical characteristics are associated with prescription use
of these drugs.
Methods The Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA) comprises a representative
panel of 1,373 general practitioners, diabetologists, and cardiologists
throughout Germany (01/2015-12/2020: 12.6 million patients).
Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (n=45,531) was identified by ICD-10
codes (E11). Matching (1:1) on practice specialty, sex, age, and year of
diabetes diagnosis was performed for CVD. Logistic regression models were fitted
to obtain adjusted odds ratios (OR) for characteristics associated with
prescription use (median follow-up: 1.9 years).
Results Overall, 35% of patients (n=16,006) were treated
with glucose-lowering drugs during the first year after type 2 diabetes
diagnosis (HbA1c≥7.0%: 80%). GLP-1RA (2.4%) and
SGLT2i (8.5%) were rarely prescribed. After the consensus, use of
GLP-1RA and SGLT2i increased, however, almost independently of pre-existing CVD
(12/2019-11/2020 vs. 12/2017-11/2018: yes, no):
GLP-1RA: from 5.7 to 9.2%, 5.2 to 7.6%; SGLT2i: from 13.9 to
20.4%, 12.1 to 16.6%. Among cardiovascular risk factors, the
largest OR for GLP-1RA was for obesity (4.5; 95%CI: 3.2–6.3).
CVD was moderately related with SGLT2i (1.45; 1.32–1.60) and GLP-1RA
(1.35; 1.08–1.69) prescriptions. A weak association was observed between
SGLT2i and heart failure (1.18; 95%CI: 1.05–1.32).
Conclusion National prescription use of GLP-1RA and SGLT2i did not come
close to the recommendation in subjects with CVD issued by the 2018
ADA/EASD consensus.
Perceived Value of the Electronic Health Record and Its Association with Physician Burnout
Authors: Livaudais Maria , Deng Derek , Frederick Tracy , Grey-Theriot Francine , Kroth Philip J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background There is a common belief that seniority and gender are associated with clinicians' perceptions of the value of electronic health record (EHR) technology and the propensity for burnout. Insufficient evidence exists on the relationship between these variables.
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate how seniority/years of practice, gender, and screened burnout status are associated with opinions of EHR use on quality, cost, and efficiency of care.
Methods We surveyed ambulatory primary care and subspecialty clinicians at three different institutions to screen for burnout status and to measure their opinions (positive, none, negative, don't know) on how EHR technology has impacted three important attributes of health care: quality, cost, and efficiency of care. We used chi-square tests to analyze association between years of practice (≤10 years or 11+ years), gender, and screened burnout status and the reported attributes. We used a Bonferroni-corrected α = 0.0167 for significance to protect against type I error among multiple comparisons.
Results Overall, 281 clinicians responded from 640 that were surveyed with 44% overall response rate. There were no significant associations of years in practice (≤10 years or 11+ years) or gender (p > 0.0167 for both) with any of the health care attributes. Clinicians who screened burnout negative (n = 154, 55%) were more likely to indicate that EHR technology has a positive impact on both the quality (p = 0.0025) and efficiency (p = 0.0003) health care attributes compared with those who screened burnout positive (n = 127, 45%).
Conclusion Burnout status is significantly associated with clinicians' perceived value of EHR technologies, while years of practice and gender are not. This contests the popular notion that junior clinicians view EHR technology more favorably than their more senior counterparts. Hence, burnout status may be an important factor associated with the overall value clinicians ascribe to EHR technologies.
Probing electrical properties of a silicon nanocrystal thin film using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Laudari Amrit , Pathiranage Sameera , Thomas Salim A. , Petersen Reed J. , Anderson Kenneth J. , Pringle Todd A. , Hobbie Erik K. , Oncel Nuri 
Published: August 2022

We performed x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements on a thin film of Si nanocrystals (SiNCs) while applying DC or AC external biases to extract the resistance and the capacitance of the thin film. The measurement consists of the application of 10 V DC or square wave pulses of 10 V amplitude to the sample at various frequencies ranging from 0.01 to 1 MHz while recording x-ray photoemission data. To analyze the data, we propose three different models with varying degrees of accuracy. The calculated capacitance of SiNCs agrees with the experimental value in the literature.