bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paraphrasability and the Causal Status of Types
Authors: Aliyev Alexey 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSome are attracted to the view that repeatable artworks, such as films, novels, plays, symphonies, photographs, and the like, are a particular kind of abstracta – namely, types. This view, however, is not unproblematic. One of the most serious problems it faces is the so‐called "creation problem." The core idea behind this problem is that, on the one hand, it seems reasonable to accept the claims that (1) repeatable artworks are types, (2) types cannot be created, and (3) repeatable artworks are created, but, on the other hand, these claims form an inconsistent triad. A popular solution to the creation problem is that (2) can be rejected because the justification for (2) is based on a false assumption – that no type can stand in causal relations. Although this solution looks promising, it can be accepted only if its proponent can refute what might be called the "paraphrasability argument." On this argument, types are not to be regarded as capable of standing in causal relations because any discourse implying the causality of types should be paraphrased into discourse that does not imply this. My aim in this essay is to show that there is good reason to consider the paraphrasability argument sound and, hence, that the foregoing solution to the creation problem fails.
COVID‐19 vaccine acceptability among healthcare workers in Ethiopia: Do we practice what we preach?
Authors: Yilma Daniel , Mohammed Rezika , Abdela Seid Getahun , Enbiale Wendemagegn , Seifu Fasil , Pareyn Myrthe , Liesenborghs Laurens , van Griensven Johan , van Henten Saskia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe assessed healthcare workers (HCWs) COVID‐19 vaccine acceptability in Ethiopia.MethodsWe carried out a cross‐sectional survey from February to April 2021 in HCWs from five teaching hospitals. HCWs were selected using convenient sampling, and data were collected through a survey link. Descriptive analysis and mixed‐effect logistic regression were performed. A total of 1,314 HCWs participated in the study.ResultsWe found that 25.5% (n = 332) of the HCWs would not accept a COVID‐19 vaccine and 20.2% (n = 264) were not willing to recommend COVID‐19 vaccination to others. Factors associated with vaccine non‐acceptance were female sex (AOR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3–2.5), the perception that vaccines are unsafe (AOR = 15.0; 95% CI: 8.7–25.9), not considering COVID‐19 as health risk (AOR = 4.4; 95% CI: 2.0–9.5) and being unconcerned about contracting COVID‐19 at work (AOR = 3.5; 95% CI: 1.5–8.4). Physicians were more willing to accept vaccination than other HCWs. Higher vaccine acceptability was also noted with increasing age. Participants most often indicated safety concerns as the determining factor on their decision to get vaccinated or not.ConclusionOverall, a quarter of HCWs would not accept a COVID‐19 vaccine. Communications and training should address vaccine safety concerns. Additionally, emphasis should be given to showing current and future impact of COVID‐19 on the personal, public and country level unless control efforts are improved. Interventions aimed to increase vaccine uptake should focus their efforts on younger and non‐physician HCWs.
Experimental Investigations Into the Effect of Surface Roughness and Contact Force on Leakage Between Two Rigid Metallic Surfaces
Authors: Bricaud Cyrille , Schulz Oliver , Zierer Thomas , Peltier Vincent , Schwitzke Corina , Bauer Hans-Jörg 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Current research and development efforts in the field of heavy-duty gas turbines focus on increasing engine efficiencies, lowering combustor emissions, and extending inspection intervals. To achieve further improvements in these development fields, it is crucial for gas turbine manufacturers to continuously build up knowledge on leakage air inside different components of gas turbines. Leakage air can by nature be hardly predicted and is usually only estimated indirectly in real engines. Therefore, investigations on representative test rigs remain a fundamental method for quantifying air leakages more accurately. This article deals with a specific air leakage, which can occur between two firmly pressed rigid surfaces. One challenge for the engineers is to predict the leakage for new surfaces but also used surfaces with fretting corrosion and wear marks as a function of the contact force. In this perspective, air mass flow measurements were performed in a leakage test rig for different contact geometries, pressure ratios, and compression levels between the surfaces. The purpose of the analysis is to determine the potential effect of the roughness, length, curvature, and contact forces of the pressed surfaces on the leakage amount. The presented measurement procedure and results contribute to the extension of the leakage characteristic database for generic gas turbine components.
Experimental Study of Eutectic Molten Salts NaCl/KCl/ZnCl2 Heat Transfer Inside a Smooth Tube for High-Temperature Application
Authors: Zhang Ye , Wang Xiaoxin , Hu Qichao , Li Peiwen , Liu Qibin , Xu Ben 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEutectic salts NaCl-KCl-ZnCl2 and NaCl-KCl-MgCl2 are two of the chloride salt systems that are promising for being used as high-temperature heat transfer fluid (HTF) and thermal energy storage (TES) materials in a wide range of temperatures from 230 °C to 750 °C in concentrated solar thermal power systems. To conduct measurement of the heat transfer coefficient of the molten salt at high temperatures, a circulation system and instrumentation of flow and heat transfer was constructed. Experimental measurement of the convective heat transfer coefficients of NaCl-KCl-ZnCl2 (molar fraction: 13.8–41.9–44.3%) inside tubes has been accomplished to find the most suitable heat transfer correlations. Experience of salt processing and operation of the high-temperature heat transfer test system was obtained. Two correlations, Dittus-Boelter equation and Gnielinski’s correlation for Nusselt number against Reynolds number and Prandtl number, are evaluated using the test results, and the latter correlation is recommended due to its better agreement of prediction against tested data.
Faster algorithms to measure visual field using the variational Bayes linear regression model in glaucoma: comparison with SITA-Fast
Authors: Hirasawa Kazunori , Murata Hiroshi , Shimada Satoshi , Matsuno Mei , Shoji Nobuyuki , Asaoka Ryo 
Published: March 2022

AimsTo compare the visual field (VF) test results measured with the Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm Fast (SITA-Fast) and newly developed variational Bayes linear regression visual field (VBLR-VF) Fast or VBLR-VF Fast+.MethodOf 65 patients with glaucoma, 31 eyes of 31 patients performed VBLR-VF Fast and SITA-Fast, and 34 eyes of 34 patients performed VBLR-VF Fast+ and SITA-Fast on the same day and iterated the same procedures within 6 months using the 24–2 test grid in the current prospective study. Global index (mean deviation and pattern SD), pointwise retinal sensitivity, test duration and reliability index (fixation loss, false positive and false negative) were compared between SITA-Fast and VBLR-VF Fast or VBLR-VF Fast+.ResultsGlobal indices were not significantly different between SITA-Fast and VBLR-VF Fast or VBLR-VF Fast+. There was no significant difference in the pointwise retinal sensitivity between the SITA-Fast and VBLR-VF Fast algorithms at the first visit, while the VBLR-VF Fast algorithm was approximately 1 dB higher compared to the SITA-Fast algorithm at the second visit. Test duration was reduced by approximately 30 s (10%) with VBLR-VF Fast and by approximately 80 s (30%) with VBLR-VF Fast+ compared with to SITA-Fast (p<0.05). Most cases showed good reliability index values; however, a marginal but significant difference was observed between the VBLR-VF and SITA-Fast algorithms.ConclusionBoth VBLR-VF Fast and VBLR-VF Fast+ considerably reduced the test durations. Although there was a marginal difference in the pointwise retinal sensitivities, global indices were almost interchangeable between the VBLR-VF Fast and SITA-Fast.
Uncharged and charged anisotropic like-Durgapal stellar models with vanishing complexity
Authors: Contreras E. , Fuenmayor E. , Abellán G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this work we use the vanishing complexity factor as a supplementary condition to construct uncharged and charged like-Durgapal models. We provide the $$g_{tt}$$

g

tt

component of the metric of the well-known Durgapal IV and V solutions and a particular form for the anisotropy, related to the electric charge, to close the system of differential equations. The physical acceptance of the models is discussed.
Modulation instability in fractional Schrödinger equation with cubic–quintic nonlinearity
Authors: Zhang Jinggui 
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we investigate the properties of modulation instability (MI) in the fractional Schrödinger equation with cubic–quintic nonlinearity (SECN), particularly focusing on some novel dynamical behaviors different from those in the conventional SECN. First, we apply the linear-stability theory to derive an analytical expression for instability gain in such novel fractional physical system. Just like the case of the conventional SECN, our analysis shows that the dynamical behavior of MI in the fractional SECN still depends on the various combinations of the signs of cubic and quintic nonlinearities. In particular, MI is found to still occur even in the fractional Schrödinger equation (SE) with self-defocusing cubic nonlinearity if the quintic nonlinearity is positive. Moreover, we further find that the Lévy indices related to the fractional effects mainly act to increase not only the fastest growth frequency but also the bandwidth, when compared to the case in the conventional SECN. However, the corresponding maximum gain is completely independent on such Lévy indices. The theoretical predictions are confirmed by the numerical results from the split-step Fourier method. Our findings suggest that the novel fractional systems with cubic–quintic nonlinearity provide some possibilities to control the dynamical behavior of MI and new solitary waves.
On an elliptic curve involving pairs of triangles and special quadrilaterals
Authors: Li Yangcheng , Zhang Yong 
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we give an elliptic curve to obtain that there exist infinitely many rational [Formula: see text]-triangle and [Formula: see text]-trapezoid ([Formula: see text]-cyclic quadrilateral or perpendicular quadrilateral) pairs with areas and perimeters in fixed proportions [Formula: see text], respectively, where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are positive rational numbers. Moreover, we get that the sets of the triples of rational [Formula: see text]-triangle, [Formula: see text]-trapezoid and [Formula: see text]-cyclic quadrilateral and the quadruples of rational [Formula: see text]-triangle, right trapezoid, [Formula: see text]-cyclic quadrilateral and perpendicular quadrilateral, with the same area and the same perimeter respectively, are infinite.
Impact of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on Patients Without COVID‐19 With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure
Authors: Fox Daniel K. , Waken R. J. , Johnson Daniel Y. , Hammond Gmerice , Yu Jonathan , Fanous Erika , Maddox Thomas M. , Joynt Maddox Karen E. 
Published: March 2022

Background
Excess mortality from cardiovascular disease during the COVID‐19 pandemic has been reported. The mechanism is unclear but may include delay or deferral of care, or differential treatment during hospitalization because of strains on hospital capacity.

Methods and Results
We used emergency department and inpatient data from a 12‐hospital health system to examine changes in volume, patient age and comorbidities, treatment (right‐ and left‐heart catheterization), and outcomes for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and heart failure (HF) during the COVID‐19 pandemic compared with pre‐COVID‐19 (2018 and 2019), controlling for seasonal variation. We analyzed 27 427 emergency department visits or hospitalizations. Patient volume decreased during COVID‐19 for both HF and AMI, but age, race, sex, and medical comorbidities were similar before and during COVID‐19 for both groups. Acuity increased for AMI as measured by the proportion of patients with ST‐segment elevation. There were no differences in right‐heart catheterization for patients with HF or in left heart catheterization for patients with AMI. In‐hospital mortality increased for AMI during COVID‐19 (odds ratio [OR], 1.46; 95% CI, 1.21–1.76), particularly among the ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction subgroup (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 2.24–2.96), but was unchanged for HF (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.89–1.16).

Conclusions
Cardiovascular volume decreased during COVID‐19. Despite similar patient age and comorbidities and in‐hospital treatments during COVID‐19, mortality increased for patients with AMI but not patients with HF. Given that AMI is a time‐sensitive condition, delay or deferral of care rather than changes in hospital care delivery may have led to worse cardiovascular outcomes during COVID‐19.
Low Circulating Musclin is Associated With Adverse Prognosis in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation at Low‐Intermediate Risk
Authors: Kattih Badder , Carstens Daniel C. , Boeckling Felicitas , Rasper Tina , Pergola Graziella , Dimmeler Stefanie , Vasa‐Nicotera Mariuca , Zeiher Andreas M. , Mas‐Peiro Silvia 
Published: March 2022

Background
Musclin is an activity‐stimulated and cardioprotective myokine that attenuates pathological cardiac remodeling. Musclin deficiency, in turn, results in reduced physical endurance. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of circulating musclin as a novel, putative biomarker to identify patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) who are at a higher risk of death.

Methods and Results

In this study, we measured systemic musclin levels in 368 patients undergoing TAVI who were at low to intermediate clinical risk (median EuroSCORE [European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation] II: 3.5; quartile 1–quartile, 2.2%–5.3%), whereby 209 (56.8%) patients were at low and 159 (43.2%) were at intermediate risk. Median preprocedural musclin levels were 2.7 ng/mL (quartile 1–quartile 3, 1.5–4.6 ng/mL). Musclin levels were dichotomized in low (<2.862 ng/mL, n=199 [54.1%]) or high (≥ 2.862 ng/mL, n=169 [45.9%]) groups using cutoff values determined by classification and regression tree analysis. The primary end point was 1‐year overall survival. Patients with low circulating musclin levels exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of frailty, low albumin values, hypertension, and history of stroke as well as higher N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide. Low musclin levels significantly predicted risk of death in univariable (hazard ratio, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.00–3.53 [
P
=0.049]) and multivariable (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.06–5.69 [
P
=0.037]) Cox regression analyses. Additionally, low musclin levels in combination with conventional EuroSCORE II suggested improved risk stratification in patients undergoing TAVI who were at low to intermediate clinical risk into subgroups with reduced 1‐year survival rates by log‐rank test (
P
for trend=0.003).

Conclusions
Circulating musclin is an independent predictor of 1‐year overall survival in patients undergoing TAVI. Combined with EuroSCORE II, circulating musclin might help to improve prediction of mortality in patients undergoing TAVI who are at low to intermediate clinical risk.
Effectiveness of Telemedicine Visits in Reducing 30‐Day Readmissions Among Patients With Heart Failure During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Xu Hanzhang , Granger Bradi B. , Drake Connor D. , Peterson Eric D. , Dupre Matthew E. 
Published: March 2022

Background
The COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in a rapid implementation of telemedicine into clinical practice. This study examined whether early outpatient follow‐up via telemedicine is as effective as in‐person visits for reducing 30‐day readmissions in patients with heart failure.

Methods and Results
Using electronic health records from a large health system, we included patients with heart failure living in North Carolina (N=6918) who were hospitalized between March 16, 2020 and March 14, 2021. All‐cause readmission within 30 days after discharge was examined using weighted logistic regression models. Overall, 7.6% (N=526) of patients received early telemedicine follow‐up, 38.8% (N=2681) received early in‐person follow‐up, and 53.6% (N=3711) did not receive follow‐up within 14 days of discharge. Compared with patients without early follow‐up, those who received early follow‐up were younger, were more likely to be Medicare beneficiaries, had more comorbidities, and were less likely to live in an disadvantaged neighborhood. Relative to in‐person visits, those with telemedicine follow‐up were of similar age, sex, and race but with generally fewer comorbidities. Overall, the 30‐day readmission rate (19.0%) varied among patients who received telemedicine visits (15.0%), in‐person visits (14.0%), or no follow‐up (23.1%). After covariate adjustment, patients who received either telemedicine (odds ratio [OR], 0.55; 95% CI, 0.44–0.72) or in‐person (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.45–0.60) visits were similarly less likely to be readmitted within 30 days compared with patients with no follow‐up.

Conclusions
During the COVID‐19 pandemic, the use of telemedicine visits for early follow‐up increased rapidly. Patients with heart failure who received outpatient follow‐up either via telemedicine or in‐person had better outcomes than those who received no follow‐up.
Association Between Inappropriately Dosed Anticoagulation Therapy With Stroke Severity and Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Vinding Naja E. , Butt Jawad H. , Olesen Jonas B. , Xian Ying , Kristensen Søren Lund , Rørth Rasmus , Bonde Anders Nissen , Gundlund Anna , Yafasova Adelina , Weeke Peter E. , Gislason Gunnar H. , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Køber Lars , Fosbøl Emil L. 
Published: March 2022

Background
Oral anticoagulation (OAC) is effective for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, some patients experience stroke despite OAC therapy, and knowledge about the impact of prior treatment quality is lacking.

Methods and Results
Patients with atrial fibrillation on OAC therapy who had a first‐time ischemic stroke were identified in the Danish Stroke Registry (2005–2018). Patients treated with vitamin K antagonist (VKA) therapy were compared according to the international normalized ratio just before stroke (international normalized ratio <2 [subtherapeutic], international normalized ratio 2–3 [therapeutic], international normalized ratio >3 [supratherapeutic]), and patients on underdosed, appropriately dosed, and overdosed direct OAC (DOAC) therapy were compared. Stroke severity was determined using the Scandinavia Stroke Scale (0–58 points), and the risk of very severe stroke (0–14 points) was analyzed by multivariable logistic regression. One‐year mortality was determined using multivariable Cox regression. A total of 2319 patients with atrial fibrillation and stroke were included; 1196 were taking a VKA (subtherapeutic [46%], therapeutic [43%], supratherapeutic [11%]), and 1123 were taking DOAC (underdosed [23%], appropriately dosed [60%], and overdosed [17%]). Subtherapeutic and supratherapeutic VKA therapy (compared with therapeutic) and underdosed DOAC therapy (compared with appropriate and underdosed DOAC) patients were older, more often women, and more comorbid. Subtherapeutic VKA therapy was associated with very severe stroke (odds ratio [OR], 2.06 [95% CI, 1.28–3.31]), whereas supratherapeutic VKA therapy was not (OR, 1.24 [95% CI, 0.60–2.57]) compared with therapeutic VKA therapy. Patients on subtherapeutic and supratherapeutic VKA therapy had a higher 1‐year mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.66 [95% CI, 1.29–2.13]); HR, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.08–2.22], respectively) than those on therapeutic VKA therapy. Treatment with underdosed or overdosed DOAC therapy was not associated with very severe stroke (OR, 1.27 [95% CI, 0.76–2.15]; OR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.37–1.43], respectively) and was not associated with 1‐year mortality (HR, 1.09 [95% CI, 0.83–1.44]; HR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.57–1.18], respectively) than appropriate DOAC.

Conclusions
Half of the patients with atrial fibrillation with stroke were on inappropriate OAC therapy. Subtherapeutic VKA was associated with worse stroke severity and higher mortality rate than therapeutic VKA therapy. Neither underdosed nor overdosed DOAC was associated with worse outcomes in adjusted models compared with appropriately dosed DOAC. This study supports DOAC as a first‐line therapy over VKA.
Faster Zero-shot Multi-modal Entity Linking via Visual-Linguistic
Representation
Authors: Zheng Qiushuo , Wen Hao , Wang Meng , Qi Guilin , Bai Chaoyu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Multi-modal entity linking plays a crucial role in a wide range of knowledge-based modal-fusion tasks, i.e., multi-modal retrieval and multi-modal event extraction. We introduce the new ZEro-shot Multi-modal Entity Linking (ZEMEL) task, the format is similar to multi-modal entity linking, but multi-modal mentions are linked to unseen entities in the knowledge graph, and the purpose of zero-shot setting is to realize robust linking in highly specialized domains. Simultaneously, the inference efficiency of existing models is low when there are many candidate entities. On this account, we propose a novel model that leverages visuallinguistic representation through the co-attentional mechanism to deal with the ZEMEL task, considering the trade-off between performance and efficiency of the model. We also build a dataset named ZEMELD for the new task, which contains multi-modal data resources collected from Wikipedia, and we annotate the entities as ground truth. Extensive experimental results on the dataset show that our proposed model is effective as it significantly improves the precision from 68.93% to 82.62% comparing with baselines in the ZEMEL task.
The role of lemur seed dispersal in restoring degraded forest ecosystems in Madagascar
Authors: Steffens Kim J.E. , Sanamo Justin , Razafitsalama Jeremi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Anthropogenic disturbances lead to the degradation or destruction of tropical forests, with negative consequences for flora, fauna, and local people. Restoration plantings may compensate these impacts, but time and financial expenditures are high. Thus, priority is often given to plantations of a few introduced species that have little value for conservation. Animal seed dispersal may diversify and accelerate regeneration of restoration plantings, thereby lowering their costs. We studied seed dispersal quantity and quality of crowned lemurs (Eulemur coronatus) in a highly degraded forest in northern Madagascar, conducting behavioural observations and germination experiments and describing dispersed plant species’ characteristics. Crowned lemurs were highly frugivorous, dispersing a large number of seeds and plant species. While there were negative effects of gut passage on germination, the positive effects of pulp removal outweighed these, resulting in an overall positive effect on regeneration. Our study confirmed that effects of gut passage are dependent on the dispersed plant species. We found 20 plant species, including three threatened with extinction, whose only dispersers in Oronjia seem to be crowned lemurs. We conclude that lemurs play important roles in protecting plant species and maintaining healthy ecosystems through seed dispersal, and that E. coronatus is a key species in this respect. In addition, if lemurs were included in restoration, they would disperse a diversity of plant species that cannot be matched by conventional restoration plantings. Their influence would facilitate the regeneration of some, but not all plant species. Negative effects, like the spread of invasive species through seed dispersal by lemurs, must also be considered.