bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epilepsy-related CDKL5 deficiency slows synaptic vesicle endocytosis in central nerve terminals
Authors: Kontaxi Christiana , Davenport Elizabeth C. , Kind Peter C. , Cousin Michael A. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryCyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) deficiency disorder (CDD) is a severe early-onset epileptic encephalopathy resulting mainly from de novo mutations in the X-linked CDKL5 gene. To determine whether loss of presynaptic CDKL5 function contributes to CDD, we examined synaptic vesicle (SV) recycling in primary hippocampal neurons generated from a Cdkl5 knockout rat model. Using a genetically-encoded reporter, we revealed that CDKL5 is selectively required for efficient SV endocytosis. We showed that CDKL5 kinase activity is both necessary and sufficient for optimal SV endocytosis, since kinase-inactive mutations failed to correct endocytosis in Cdkl5 knockout neurons, whereas the isolated CDKL5 kinase domain fully restored SV endocytosis kinetics. Finally, we demonstrated that CDKL5-mediated phosphorylation of amphiphysin 1, a putative presynaptic target, is not required for CDKL5-dependent control of SV endocytosis. Overall, our findings reveal a key presynaptic role for CDKL5 kinase activity and enhance our insight into how its dysfunction may culminate in CDD.
Cell size and actin architecture determine force generation in optogenetically activated adherent cells
Authors: Andersen T , Wörthmüller D , Probst D , Wang I , Moreau P , Fitzpatrick V , Boudou T , Schwarz US , Balland M 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAdherent cells use actomyosin contractility to generate mechanical force and to sense the physical properties of their environment, with dramatic consequences for migration, division, differentiation and fate. However, the organization of the actomyosin system within cells is highly variable, with its assembly and function being controlled by small GTPases from the Rho-family. How activation of these regulators translates into cell-scale force generation and the corresponding sensing capabilities in the context of different physical environments is not understood. Here we probe this relationship combining recent advances in non-neuronal optogenetics with micropatterning and traction force microscopy on soft elastic substrates. We find that after whole-cell RhoA-activation by the CRY2/CIBN optogenetic system with a short pulse of 100 milliseconds, single cells contract before returning to their original tension setpoint with near perfect precision on a time scale of several minutes. To decouple the biochemical and mechanical elements of this response, we introduce a mathematical model that is parametrized by fits to the dynamics of the substrate deformation energy. We find that the RhoA-response builds up quickly on a time scale of 20 seconds, but decays slowly on a time scale of 50 seconds. The larger the cells and the more polarized their actin cytoskeleton, the more substrate deformation energy is generated. RhoA-activation starts to saturate if optogenetic pulse length exceeds 50 milliseconds, revealing the intrinsic limits of biochemical activation. Together our results suggest that adherent cells establish tensional homeostasis by the RhoA-system, but that the setpoint and the dynamics around it are strongly determined by cell size and the architecture of the actin cytoskeleton, which both are controlled by the extracellular environment.
Broad-spectrum extracellular antiviral properties of Cucurbit[n]urils
Authors: Jones Luke M. , Super Elana H. , Batt Lauren J. , Gasbarri Matteo , Cheesman Benjamin T. , Howe Andrew M. , Coulston Roger , Jones Samuel T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractViruses are microscopic pathogens capable of causing disease and are responsible for a range of human mortality and morbidity worldwide. They can be rendered harmless or destroyed with a range of antiviral chemical compounds. Cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]s) are a macrocycle chemical compound existing as a range of homologues; due to their structure they can bind to biological materials, acting as supramolecular “hosts” to “guests”, such as amino acids. Due to the increasing need for a non-toxic antiviral compound, we investigated whether cucurbit[n]urils could act in an antiviral manner. We have found that certain cucurbit[n]uril homologues do indeed have an antiviral effect against a range of viruses, including RSV and SARS-CoV-2. In particular, we demonstrate that CB[7] is the active homologue of CB[n] mixtures, having an antiviral effect against enveloped and non-enveloped species. High levels of efficacy were observed with five-minute contact times across different viruses. We also demonstrate that CB[7] acts with an extracellular virucidal mode of action via host-guest supramolecular interactions between viral surface proteins and the CB[n] cavity, rather than via cell internalisation or a virustatic mechanism. This finding demonstrates that CB[7] acts as a supramolecular virucidal antiviral (a mechanism distinct from other current extracellular antivirals) demonstrating the potential of supramolecular interactions for future antiviral disinfectants.
Self-association features of NS1 proteins from different flaviviruses
Authors: Poveda-Cuevas Sergio A. , Etchebest Catherine , da Silva Fernando L. Barroso 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTFlaviviruses comprise a large group of arboviral species that are distributed in several countries of the tropics, neotropics, and some temperate zones. Since they can produce neurological pathologies or vascular damage, there has been intense research seeking better diagnosis and treatments for their infections in the last decades. The flavivirus NS1 protein is a relevant clinical target because it is involved in viral replication, immune evasion, and virulence. Being a key factor in endothelial and tissue-specific modulation, NS1 has been largely studied to understand the molecular mechanisms exploited by the virus to reprogram host cells. A central part of the viral maturation processes is the NS1 oligomerization because many stages rely on these protein-protein assemblies. In the present study, the self-associations of NS1 proteins from Zika, Dengue, and West Nile viruses are examined through constant-pH coarse-grained biophysical simulations. Free energies of interactions were estimated for different oligomeric states and pH conditions. Our results show that these proteins can form both dimers and tetramers under conditions near physiological pH even without the presence of lipids. Moreover, pH plays an important role mainly controlling the regimes where van der Waals interactions govern their association. Finally, despite the similarity at the sequence level, we found that each flavivirus has a well-characteristic protein-protein interaction profile. These specific features can provide new hints for the development of binders both for better diagnostic tools and the formulation of new therapeutic drugs.Abstract Figure
The X chromosome is a potential polarising signal for asymmetric cell divisions in meiotic cells of a nematode
Authors: Alyazeedi Talal , Xu Emily , Kaur Jasmin , Shakes Diane , Pires-daSilva Andre 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThe unequal partition of molecules and organelles during cell division results in daughter cells with different fates. Asymmetric cell divisions have been best characterised in systems in which extrinsic signals polarise the mother cell during cell division. However, the mechanisms of asymmetric cell division mediated by intrinsic signals, and the nature of these signals, are mostly unknown. Here we report an asymmetric cell division in the nematode Auanema rhodensis that may be cued by the X chromosome. In the wildtype XO male, the spermatocyte divides asymmetrically to generate X-bearing spermatids that inherit components necessary for sperm viability, and nullo-spermatids that inherits components to be discarded. We found that in XX mutant pseudomales, sperm components co-segregate with the X chromosome, supporting the hypothesis that the X chromosome is employed as a polarising signal for partitioning essential cytoplasmic components for sperm function.
QTLViewer: An interactive webtool for genetic analysis in the Collaborative Cross and Diversity Outbred mouse populations
Authors: Vincent Matthew , Gyuricza Isabela Gerdes , Keele Gregory R , Gatti Daniel M , Keller Mark P , Broman Karl W , Churchill Gary A 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThe Collaborative Cross (CC) and the Diversity Outbred (DO) mouse populations are related multiparental populations (MPPs), derived from the same eight isogenic founder strains. They carry >50M known genetic variants, which makes them ideal tools for mapping genetic loci that regulate phenotypes, including physiological and molecular traits. Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) requires statistical and computational training, which can present a barrier to access for some researchers. The QTLViewer software is graphical user interface webtool for CC and DO studies that performs QTL mapping through the R/qtl2 package. Additionally, the QTLViewer website serves as a repository for published CC and DO studies, allowing users to explore QTL mapping results interactively and increasing the accessibility of these genetic resources to the broader scientific community.
A large and rich EEG dataset for modeling human visual object recognition
Authors: Gifford Alessandro T. , Dwivedi Kshitij , Roig Gemma , Cichy Radoslaw M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe human brain achieves visual object recognition through multiple stages of nonlinear transformations operating at a millisecond scale. To predict and explain these rapid transformations, computational neuroscientists employ machine learning modeling techniques. However, state-of-the-art models require massive amounts of data to properly train, and to the present day there is a lack of vast brain datasets which extensively sample the temporal dynamics of visual object recognition. Here we collected a large and rich dataset of high temporal resolution EEG responses to images of objects on a natural background. This dataset includes 10 participants, each with 82,160 trials spanning 16,740 image conditions. Through computational modeling we established the quality of this dataset in five ways. First, we trained linearizing encoding models that successfully synthesized the EEG responses to arbitrary images. Second, we correctly identified the recorded EEG data image conditions in a zero-shot fashion, using EEG synthesized responses to hundreds of thousands of candidate image conditions. Third, we show that both the high number of conditions as well as the trial repetitions of the EEG dataset contribute to the trained models’ prediction accuracy. Fourth, we built encoding models whose predictions well generalize to novel participants. Fifth, we demonstrate full end-to-end training of randomly initialized DNNs that output M/EEG responses for arbitrary input images. We release this dataset as a tool to foster research in visual neuroscience and computer vision.
Sensorimotor transformation underlying odor-modulated locomotion in walking Drosophila
Authors: Tao Liangyu , Wechsler Samuel P , Bhandawat Vikas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMost real-world behaviors are performed with incomplete information. Odor-guided locomotion, an ecologically important behavior essential to an animal’s survival, is an example of such a behavior. Different odors activate different patterns of olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) classes providing information about which odor is present but does not provide any navigational information. In this study, we investigate the sensorimotor transformation that relates ORN activation to locomotion changes in Drosophila by optogenetically activating different combinations of ORN classes and measuring the resulting changes in locomotion. Three features describe this sensorimotor transformation: First, locomotion depends on both the instantaneous firing frequency (f) and its change (df); the two together serve as short-term memory that allows the fly to automatically adapt its motor program to sensory context. Second, the mapping between f-df and locomotor parameters such as speed or curvature is distinct for each pattern of activated ORNs. Finally, the sensorimotor mapping changes with time after odor exposure allowing integration of information over a longer timescale.
Replication-dependent organisation constrains positioning of long DNA repeats in bacterial genomes
Authors: Malhotra Nitish , Seshasayee Aswin Sai Narain 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBacterial genome organisation is primarily driven by chromosome replication from a single origin of replication. However chromosomal rearrangements, which can disrupt such organisation, are inevitable in nature. Long DNA repeats are major players mediating rearrangements, large and small, via homologous recombination. Since changes to genome organisation affect bacterial fitness - and more so in fast-growing than slow-growing bacteria - and are under selection, it is reasonable to expect that genomic positioning of long DNA repeats is also under selection. To test this, we identified identical DNA repeats of at least 100 base pairs across ~6,000 bacterial genomes and compared their distribution in fast and slow growing bacteria. We find that long identical DNA repeats are distributed in a non-random manner across bacterial genomes. Their distribution differs in their overall number, orientation and proximity to the origin of replication, in fast and slow growing bacteria. We show that their positioning - which might arise from a combination of the processes that produce repeats and selection on rearrangements that recombination between repeat elements might cause - permits minimum disruption to the replication-dependent genome organisation of bacteria, thus acting as a major constraint.
Industrial process data visualization based on a deep enhanced t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding neural network
Authors: Lu Weipeng , Yan Xuefeng 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a approach for data visualization and industrial process monitoring.

Design/methodology/approach
A deep enhanced t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (DESNE) neural network is proposed for data visualization and process monitoring. The DESNE is composed of two deep neural networks: stacked variant auto-encoder (SVAE) and a deep label-guided t-stochastic neighbor embedding (DLSNE) neural network. In the DESNE network, SVAE extracts informative features of the raw data set, and then DLSNE projects the extracted features to a two dimensional graph.

Findings
The proposed DESNE is verified on the Tennessee Eastman process and a real data set of blade icing of wind turbines. The results indicate that DESNE outperforms some visualization methods in process monitoring.

Originality/value
This paper has significant originality. A stacked variant auto-encoder is proposed for feature extraction. The stacked variant auto-encoder can improve the separation among classes. A deep label-guided t-SNE is proposed for visualization. A novel visualization-based process monitoring method is proposed.
Labour force participation and unemployment rate: does discouraged worker effect hypothesis or unemployment invariance hypothesis hold in Africa?
Authors: Raifu Isiaka Akande , Adeboje Oluwafemi Mathew 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the existence of discouraged worker effect hypothesis and unemployment invariance hypothesis in Africa, including its five regional groups. Specifically, the study tests the existence of co-integration between different categories of labour force participation and unemployment rate, total male and female labour force participation and the unemployment rate for age brackets 15–24, 15–64 and 15+, respectively.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses the data of 52 countries in Africa which cover the period from 1991 to 2018. Three co-integration estimation techniques namely, the Kao co-integration test, Pedroni co-integration test and Westerlund co-integration test are used to validate the existence of co-integration between the labour force participation and unemployment rate. The dynamic ordinary least square is further used to explore the impact of the unemployment rate on labour force participation, while the pooled ordinary least squares (POLS) that accounts for individual country and time effects is employed for robustness check.FindingsExcept for Southern Africa, it is found that the discouraged worker effect hypothesis holds in Africa and the rest of its regions. This suggests that there is a long-run relationship between labour force participation rate and unemployment rate irrespective of age group and gender classifications. To some extent, the authors discover the existence of cross-sectional dependence in the panel. There is also an inverse relationship between labour force participation and the unemployment rate. This implies that when the unemployment rate is high, labour force participation tends to decline. The results are, however, sensitive to the choice of estimation method.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited to the examination of linear co-integration between labour force participation and the unemployment rate in Africa and its five regions. The future study can investigate the possibility of a nonlinear or an asymmetric relationship between labour for participation and the unemployment rate.Social implicationsThus, a policy framework that would generate employment creation is greatly required in Africa.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is a pioneer work that addresses the issue of co-integration between labour force participation and unemployment rate for Africa and its five regions taking into consideration gender and age brackets of labour force participation and unemployment.
Influence of perceived environmental knowledge and environmental concern on customers' green hotel visit intention: mediating role of green trust
Authors: Sultana Nafia , Amin Sanjida , Islam Azharul 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study is twofold. First, it aims to examine the influence of customers' green considerations in the form of perceived green knowledge and environmental concern on their intention to stay at green hotels; and secondly, to explain the mediating role of green trust among the considered variables.Design/methodology/approachThe study investigates green hotel visit perceptions of 213 customers of hotel industry of Dhaka, Bangladesh using Partial Least Square method. Data was collected using a standard structured questionnaire.FindingsThe findings display a significant positive influence of perceived green knowledge and green trust on customers' green hotel visit intention. Moreover, green trust mediates the relationship of green visit intentions with customers' green knowledge and environmental concern.Practical implicationsThe study demonstrates that environmental knowledge and green trust make customers choose green hotels. The findings of the current study may assist the hotel business administrators to understand the underlying factors for choosing green hotels and adopting green practices in their business operations accordingly.Originality/valueTo the best knowledge of the researchers, the study is first to measure the mediating impact of green trust on the influential factors of customers' green hotel visit intention in Bangladesh. The result reveals how considered variables interact with each other to influence green hotel choice decisions.
Ethnic restaurants’ outdoor signage: the effect of colour and name on consumers’ food perceptions and dining intentions
Authors: Song Hanqun , Yang Huijun 
Published: March 2022

PurposeOutdoor signage, a key aspect of store atmospherics which influence consumer perceptions and behaviour, is largely overlooked in research on restaurants. Studies show that food perceptions relate positively to restaurant choice, but how outdoor signage influences these perceptions is unclear. Hence, the study aims to investigate the effect of signage colour and restaurant name on consumers' attitudes and purchase intentions.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a two (signage colour: blue-white vs. red-yellow) by two (restaurant name: typical vs. atypical) experimental design to investigate the impact of two key elements of corporate visual identity – logo colour and corporate name – on consumers’ attitudes (perceptions of food tastiness and healthiness) and purchase intentions. Two-way analysis of covariance, confirmatory factor analysis and PROCESS are used for data analysis.FindingsThere is a main effect of signage colour on consumers’ perceptions of food healthiness and purchase intentions, and restaurant name significantly affects consumers’ purchase intentions. In addition, there is an interaction effect of signage colour and restaurant name on food healthiness and purchase intentions, and food tastiness and healthiness are associated with purchase intentions.Practical implicationsA key managerial insight emerging from this study is that restaurants’ outdoor signage may be manipulated by restaurateurs to enhance consumers’ perceptions of food healthiness and tastiness, as well purchase intentions.Originality/valueThis study adopts a new angle on corporate visual identity and links existing theories with research on restaurant atmospherics, to explore how brands employing national identity symbols leverages consumers’ prior knowledge to enhance the influence of outdoor signage on their food perceptions and purchase intentions.
Assessment of information literacy skills and knowledge-based competencies in using electronic resources among medical students
Authors: Ganesan Perumal , Gunasekaran Mangai 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to focus on the information literacy skills and how the resources are being used by medical students of Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute (MGMCRI), Pondicherry, India. The main aim is to determine the medical students use, purpose, search strategies and sources through which aware and literacy skills acquired. Further, this paper aims to bring out the problems faced.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey method was conducted through a structured questionnaire distributed among 120 medical students from first year to fourth year. Stratified random sampling was used for selection of students.

Findings
Findings of the study revealed that medical students largely used medical databases such as Bentham Sciences, ProQuest, PubMed and MedlinePlus. Further, the paper reveals that majority used health information for updating their knowledge and to acquire general information. The students’ information literacy level found minimal, which may be the reason majority of the students found difficulty in locating the desired materials followed by irrelevant information, inadequate e-resources and lack of awareness reported some extent.

Originality/value
The recommendations made based on the study are expected to be beneficial to the authorities and library administration of the surveyed institution to take appropriate measures for effective utilization of resources.