bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of odors on posture
Authors: Oleszkiewicz Anna , Pettke Karolina , Olze Heidi , Uecker Florian C. , Hummel Thomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEvidence suggests that postural stability may benefit from olfactory exposure, but whether this effect is different for hyposmic and healthy subjects remains unknown and little attention has been paid to the hedonic valence of odors in this context. Forty‐five participants aged between 23 and 64 years were invited to this study, of whom 32 had normal olfactory function 13 exhibited olfactory deficits. Movement measurements were performed with the “Unterberger stepping test.” Participants walked in place with stretched arms for 8 periods of 30 s each, separated by intervals of approximately 15 s. During each of these 30‐s blocks one of the three odor conditions was presented to them: (a) pleasant odor, (b) unpleasant odor, and (c) odorless control. Both participants with normosmia and impaired olfaction moved to the left and right sides more when exposed to the unpleasant odor as compared to pleasant odor exposure or no odor. When smelling pleasant odors, participants presented shorter maximal anterior/posterior sway than during no odor exposure, but it was similar when smelling unpleasant odor. The study demonstrated strong effects of odors on postural stability with pleasant odors limiting and unpleasant enhancing postural sways.Practical ApplicationsOdors affect postural stability. Although we fail to demonstrate that postural stability measurements can be applied as a supporting method in smell dysfunction diagnosis, the current study opens prospects for further explorations of the relationship between olfactory and vestibular systems. These efforts may eventually lead to practical solutions supporting postural balance in patients suffering from conditions adversely affecting the vestibular system.
Stimulation role of pollen grains in the initial development of Botrytis cinerea: The importance of host compatibility, cultivation status and pollen size
Authors: Kocsis Ivett , Petróczy Marietta , Takács Kolos Zoltán , Markó Gábor 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPlant pollens and fungal spores are massively produced in natural habitats and large‐scaled agricultural areas, and the airborne transported biomass can be accumulated on relatively large crop surfaces. A pollen grain contains a specific chemical composition in quantity and quality, highly varied among plant species. So, the accumulated pollens could provide a species‐specific nutrient supply for the initial fungal development in a pollen trap. Thus, this could increase the variation of the pathogen infection risk in certain plants due to selection mechanisms such as host–pathogen coevolution, crop breeding or pollination type. However, the role of the pollen‐stimulated spore germination and the species‐specific differences in the pollen‐spore interferences is still less understood. Therefore, we performed a multispecies experimental comparison (including 20 plant species) to test the role of the taxon‐specific attributes (i.e. host–pathogen compatibility, cultivation, pollination type and pollen size) in the dose and temporal response of the spore germination in Botrytis cinerea. We found a strong pollen‐stimulating effect on spore germination; however, the triggering effect highly varied among plant species and differed between specific functional categories across temporal and concentration gradients. Specifically, the B. cinerea hosts, the non‐cultivated plants and species with larger pollen size, increased the spore germination's stimulation effects, but not the pollination type. The systematic taxonomic and functional differences might reflect indirectly the diversity of the pollens' chemical profile (i.e. composition matrix or specific trigger molecules) which different selection mechanisms might shape. In the crop–pathogen interactions, the pollen‐stimulation effect could play an essential role in early fungal development.
Interconnection between protein‐related chemical functional group spectral features of prairie oat (Avena sativa L.) varieties and ruminant relevant nutrition—Degradation, intestinal digestion and true nutrient supply to dairy cows
Authors: Prates Luciana L. , Yu Peiqiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo our knowledge, the study interconnection between inherent chemical functional group spectral features and nutrient utilisation is still limited. The objective of this study was to test the adequacy of vibrational Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy as a fast tool to assess the interactive relationship between the nutritive value of the Prairie cool‐season oat (Avena sativa L.) varieties in dairy cows and inherent chemical functional group spectral features. The chemical functional group spectral features of the Prairie cool‐season oat varieties in western Canada were determined by Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy. The protein‐related spectral parameters of chemical functional groups included peak height and peak area intensity of Amide I, Amid II, protein structural α‐helix and β‐sheet, and their ratios. The rumen degradation kinetics were determined using in situ techniques with four rumen‐canulated lactating dairy cows. The intestinal digestion was evaluated using a three‐step in vitro technique with 12 h preincubation. The experiment was an randomized complete block design. The data were analysed using the mixed‐model procedure of the Statistical Analysis System. The results showed that the interconnection between rumen degradation kinetics, intestinal digestion and true nutrient supply to dairy cows and protein‐related chemical functional group spectral features could be revealed by ATR‐FTIR with univariate and multi‐variate spectral analyses. These findings indicate that ruminant relevant nutritive value of cool‐season oats could be rapidly evaluated and predicted using oat‐specific functional group spectral characteristics which could be obtained by a non‐distractive bioanalytical tool of ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy.
Effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) supplementation on testicular histology, semen characteristic, blood plasma parameters and reproductive performance in aged broiler breeder roosters
Authors: Nemati Zabihollah , Dehgani Parviz , Karimi Amir , Amirdahri Saeid , Kianifard Davoud 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigher long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids contents in roosters' sperm plasma membrane along with age‐related decrease in antioxidant defense make the spermatozoa very susceptible to lipid peroxidation. Ginger root contains abundant amounts of gingerol, shogaols, gingerdiol and other active compounds, which known as antioxidant compounds to enhance semen quality. The goal of the study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of ginger root on semen quality, blood chemistry, immune response, testicular histology and reproductive performance of Ross‐308 breeder roosters from 47 to 60 weeks of age. The feeding of ginger root resulted in an increase in parameters related to sperm forward motility and seminal total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and following there was a tendency to increase and decrease in seminal superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde concentration, respectively; however, sperm concentration was not affected. There was an increase and tendency to increase in blood total protein and TAC in the supplemented group respectively. The roosters fed ginger supplemented diet had a higher spermiation index; and following there was tendency to increase seminal tubes spermatozoids number (p = 0.056) and repopulation index (p = 0.058). Despite the improved seminal antioxidant status and a tendency to lower embryonic mortality in the ginger‐received group, the fertility and hatchability rate of roosters were statistically insignificant. Supplementations of ginger root in ageing rooster's diet had a beneficial effect on sperm motility, seminal antioxidant status and testicular spermiation index.
Random mucosal rotating flaps for rostral to mid maxillary defect reconstruction: 26 dogs (2000‐2019)
Authors: Carroll M. , Morello E. , Olimpo M. , Giacobino D. , Buracco P. , Ferraris E. 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility and the complications following single or double random mucosal rotating (transposition or interpolation) flaps for the closure of rostral to mid maxillary defects in dogs.Materials and MethodsMedical records of dogs treated with single or double random mucosal rotating flaps after maxillectomy for oral lesions or traumatic loss of tissue, were evaluated. Clinical findings, surgery performed, outcome and postoperative complications (major and minor) were extracted.ResultsTwenty‐six client‐owned dogs were retrospectively included. Dogs underwent maxillectomy for canine acanthomatous ameloblastomas (9), oral squamous cell carcinomas (4), peripheral odontogenic fibromas (4), oral melanomas (3), oral fibrosarcomas (2), dentigerous cysts (2) and oral osteosarcoma (1) and trauma resulting in an oronasal fistula (1). Twenty‐three dogs underwent a single transposition or interpolation flap and three dogs were treated with a double transposition flap. Postoperative complications, including dehiscence or flap necrosis, occurred in six dogs.Clinical SignificanceRandom mucosal rotating (transposition or interpolation) flaps are versatile when used to close rostral maxillary defects in dogs. Postoperative complications appear to be more likely when these flaps are used to close mid maxillary defects.
Deep phylogeographic splits and limited mixing by sea surface currents govern genetic population structure in the mangrove genus Lumnitzera (Combretaceae) across the Indonesian Archipelago
Authors: Manurung Jeprianto , Rojas Andrés Blanca M. , Barratt Christopher D. , Schnitzler Jan , Jönsson Bror F. , Susanti Ruliyana , Durka Walter , Muellner‐Riehl Alexandra N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Indonesian Archipelago accommodates the largest mangrove area in Southeast Asia and possesses the world's richest composition of mangrove species. The archipelago comprises areas of the biogeographic regions Sunda and Wallacea, separated by Wallace's line. Here, we used the true mangrove species Lumnitzera littorea and Lumnitzera racemosa as a study case for understanding the effects of phylogeographic history, sea surface currents, and geographical distance on genetic diversity and genetic structure. We sampled 14 populations of L. littorea (N = 106) and 21 populations of L. racemosa (N = 152) from Indonesia and used 3122 and 3048 SNP loci, respectively, genotyped using the ddRADseq approach. We assessed genetic diversity, genetic structure, and effective dispersal of the populations and related them to geographical distance and sea surface currents. Our study revealed low levels of genetic variation at the population level in Lumnitzera. Pronounced genetic differentiation between populations indicated two phylogroups in both species. While in L. littorea the two phylogroups were largely separated by Wallace's line, L. racemosa showed a northwest vs. southeast pattern with strong mixture in Wallacea. Our findings provide novel insights into the phylogeography of the mangrove genus Lumnitzera and the role of sea surface currents in the Indonesian Archipelago.
Rational determination of cefazolin dosage regimen in horses based on pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics principles and Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Kuroda Taisuke , Minamijima Yohei , Mita Hiroshi , Tamura Norihisa , Fukuda Kentaro , Kuwano Atsutoshi , Toutain Pierre‐Louis , Sato Fumio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) approach was used to determine the best empirical dosage regimen of cefazolin (CEZ) after intramuscular (IM) administration of CEZ in horses. Seven horses received a single IM or intravenous (IV) administration of CEZ of 5 mg/kg bodyweight (BW) according to a crossover design. CEZ plasma concentrations were measured using LC–MS/MS. The plasma concentrations in these seven horses and those of six other horses obtained in a previous study with an IV CEZ dose of 10 mg/kg were modelled simultaneously using NonLinear Mixed‐Effect modelling followed by Monte Carlo simulations to establish a rational dosage regimen. A 90% Probability of Target Attainment (PTA) for a PK/PD target of a free plasma concentration exceeding MIC90 (fT > MIC) for 40% of the dosing interval was set for selecting an effective dosing regimen. The typical half‐life of absorption and bioavailability after IM administration were 1.25 h and 96.8%, respectively. A CEZ dosage regimen of 5 mg/kg BW q12h IM administration achieved therapeutic concentrations to control both Streptococcus zooepidemicus and Staphylococcus aureus. For the same dose, the fT > MIC after IM administration was significantly longer than after IV administration, and the IM route should be favoured by clinicians for its efficiency and convenience.
Spatial distribution and density of the invasive sea urchin Diadema setosum in Turkey (eastern Mediterranean)
Authors: Öndes Fikret , Alan Vahit , Kaiser Michel J. , Güçlüsoy Harun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe sea urchin, Diadema setosum, is a poisonous species that originates in the Indo‐Pacific and the Red Sea. Although this species has been recorded in several areas in the Mediterranean Sea, its habitat selection, density, distribution and ecological impacts have not been comprehensively documented to date. This study combined the diving observations (n = 53 sites) and local ecological knowledge (LEK) of SCUBA divers (n = 100) to provide information on the distribution and density of this invasive sea urchin on the Aegean and Levantine coasts of Turkey between September and October 2020. The results indicated that D. setosum was more prevalent along the southern coast of Turkey compared with the western coast, where it is colder. The highest densities of D. setosum were observed in rocky habitats at a depth range of 0–5 m. Moreover, the densities increased with increasing bottom temperatures (up to 150 ind./100 m2). Recent reports from the Levantine and south Aegean coasts highlighted that the densities of D. setosum increased dramatically during the past year. The results of the present study suggested that D. setosum provides shelter for a total of four fish species, including Chromis chromis, Gobius sp., Cheilodipterus novemstriatus and Thalassoma pavo. This species of urchin poses a threat due to its potential grazing and bioerosion effects in the Mediterranean. Thus, future studies should focus on the feeding ecology of D. setosum and the competition with native species that share the same habitat to obtain an improved understanding of the ecological impacts of this invasive species. Although the present study provides the first comprehensive dataset on the density and distribution of this invasive sea urchin for Turkey in the eastern Mediterranean region, we suggest that its population should be monitored for long periods using direct observations, LEK and citizen science.
A broadly conserved fungal alcohol oxidase (AOX) facilitates fungal invasion of plants
Authors: Westrick Nathaniel M. , Park Sung Chul , Keller Nancy P. , Smith Damon L. , Kabbage Mehdi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlcohol oxidases (AOXs) are ecologically important enzymes that facilitate a number of plant–fungal interactions. Within Ascomycota they are primarily associated with methylotrophy, as a peroxisomal AOX catalysing the conversion of methanol to formaldehyde in methylotrophic yeast. In this study we demonstrate that AOX orthologues are phylogenetically conserved proteins that are common in the genomes of nonmethylotrophic, plant‐associating fungi. Additionally, AOX orthologues are highly expressed during infection in a range of diverse pathosystems. To study the role of AOX in plant colonization, AOX knockout mutants were generated in the broad host range pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Disease assays in soybean showed that these mutants had a significant virulence defect as evidenced by markedly reduced stem lesions and mortality rates. Chemical genomics suggested that SsAOX may function as an aromatic AOX, and growth assays demonstrated that ΔSsAOX is incapable of properly utilizing plant extract as a nutrient source. Profiling of known aromatic alcohols pointed towards the monolignol coniferyl alcohol (CA) as a possible substrate for SsAOX. As CA and other monolignols are ubiquitous among land plants, the presence of highly conserved AOX orthologues throughout Ascomycota implies that this is a broadly conserved protein used by ascomycete fungi during plant colonization.
The association of frailty with chronic kidney disease in older adults using the ASPirin in reducing events in the elderly cohort
Authors: Walker Rowan G. , Wolfe Rory , Bongetti Elisa , Polkinghorne Kevan R. , Woods Robyn L. , Ryan Joanne , Espinoza Sara , Murray Anne , Ernst Michael E. , Mcneil John J. ,   ASPREE Investigator Group
Published: October 2022

AbstractFrailty and chronic kidney disease (CKD) both increase with age and are prevalent in older adults. However, studies in older adults examining the relationship between frailty and milder impairments of kidney function are relatively sparse. We examined the cross‐sectional association of baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albuminuria and CKD ([eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2] and/or albuminuria [>3.0 mg/mmol]) with prefrailty and frailty in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) trial cohort of healthy older participants. Univariate logistic regression models measured the unadjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for prevalent combined prefrailty and frailty (respectively defined as presence of 1–2 or 3+ of 5 modified fried criteria) for the association between CKD, eGFR, albuminuria and other potential risk factors. Multivariable models calculated OR for prefrailty‐frailty adjusted for potential confounders and either CKD, (i) eGFR and albuminuria measured as either continuous variables; (ii) or categorical variables; (iii). Of 17 759 eligible participants, 6934 were classified as prefrail, 389 were frail. CKD, eGFR and albuminuria were all associated with combined prefrailty‐frailty on univariate analysis. In the multivariable modelling, neither CKD (reduced eGFR and/or albuminuria), nor eGFR (either continuous or categorical variables) were associated with prefrailty‐frailty. However, albuminuria, either as a continuous variable (OR [95% CI] 1.07 [1.04–1.10]; p < .001), or categorical variable (OR 1.21 [1.08–1.36]; p = .001) was consistently associated with prefrailty‐frailty. The complex relationship between albuminuria (which may be a biomarker for vascular inflammation), ageing, progressive CKD and frailty requires further investigation.
The All‐Gap Phillips Curve
Authors: McNeil James , Smith Gregor W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe all‐gap Phillips curve (PC) explains inflation by expected inflation and an activity variable such as output or the unemployment rate, but with both inflation and the activity variable measured relative to their stochastic trends and thus as gaps. We study this relationship with minimal auxiliary assumptions and under rational expectations (RE). We show restrictions on an unobserved components model that identify the PC parameters, first with an autonomous output gap and second with output and inflation gaps following a VAR. For the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada both cases yield all‐gap PCs with slopes of the expected signs, but there is little support for the restrictions implied by RE.
Altering osteoclast numbers using CTSK models in utero affects mice offspring craniofacial morphology
Authors: Hassan Mohamed G. , Vargas Ricardo , Zhang Bin , Marcel Noah , Cox Timothy C. , Jheon Andrew H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundBone remodelling during development and growth is important for craniofacial integrity of offspring. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in offspring adult skull morphology when the osteoclasts number was altered in utero, using three‐dimensional (3D) geometric morphometric analysis (GMA).Materials and MethodsWe altered osteoclasts number in utero via two approaches. First, we generated heterozygous CtskCre;DTAfl/+ (diphtheria toxin A) mice. Second, we altered Ctsk expression in vivo by injecting pregnant wild‐type dams at embryonic day (E) 12.5 with in vivo siRNA specific for Ctsk. Mice were collected at 6 weeks and analysed using geometric morphometric analysis via computed tomography, histomorphometry and gene expression analysis.ResultsAltering osteoclasts number in utero affected the offspring adult skull morphology. Decreased Ctsk and osteoclast numbers were associated with a decrease in cranial vault height and an increase in mandibular body length. Changes in size and shape were observed with an increased number of osteoclasts in CtskCre;DTAfl/+ mice, including an increase in cranial vault height, as well as a shortening of mandibular body length and ramus height.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that modulation of osteoclast numbers during pre‐ and post‐natal development may be a previously unknown factor in the aetiology of skeletal malocclusions. An improved understanding of the factors affecting bone homeostasis during development and growth may help in the development of future therapies that would target the early intervention of skeletal malocclusion.
Surgical Treatment for Severe Cervical Hyperlordosis and Thoracolumar Kyphoscoliosis with Emery–Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Tang Ziyang , Hu Zongshan , Qin Xiaodong , Zhu Zezhang , Liu Zhen 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundEmery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is an uncommon, gradually progressive X‐linked myopathy, and it could result in rigid spinal deformity. Only a few case reports have described surgical treatment of cervical hyperlordosis and thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis secondary to EDMD. We report a rare case of EDMD to present the surgical strategies of severe cervical hyperlordosis and thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis.Case presentationThe patient was a 22‐year‐old man with EDMD who had severe cervical hyperlordosis and thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis. A posterior spinal fusion from T9‐S2 was performed to correct the thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis at the age of 21 years. Six months later, with an anterior C7‐T1 closing wedge bone‐disc‐bone osteotomy and a posterior–anterior–posterior cervicothoracic fusion from C4‐T4, the cervical deformity was corrected, thus achieving a horizontal gaze. During 1.5‐year follow‐up, no loss of correction was observed.ConclusionCervical posterior–anterior–posterior closing‐wedge osteotomy combined with long fusion at thoracolumbar spine can be a reliable surgical technique to correct severe spine deformity in EDMD. This two‐stage revision surgical strategy can help restore a horizontal gaze on the basis of a balanced trunk. Cervical deformity in such patients should be corrected in the first stage considering its role as a “driver” of the global spine deformity.