bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addition of silicon to boron foliar spray in cotton plants modulates the antioxidative system attenuating boron deficiency and toxicity
Authors: Junior Jonas Pereira Souza , Prado Renato de Mello , Campos Cid Naudi Silva , Junior Gilmar da Silveira Sousa , Oliveira Kevein Ruas , Cazetta Jairo Osvaldo , Gratão Priscila Lupino 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Boron (B) nutritional disorders, either deficiency or toxicity, may lead to an increase in reactive oxygen species production, causing damage to cells. Oxidative damage in leaves can be attenuated by supplying silicon (Si). The aim of this study was to assess assess the effect of increasing foliar B concentrations on cotton plants to determine whether adding Si to the spray solution promotes gains to correct deficiency and toxicity of this micronutrient by decreasing oxidative stress via synthetizing proline and glycine-betaine, thereby raising dry matter production.Results:B deficiency or toxicity increased H2O2 and MDA leaf content in cotton plants. H2O2 and MDA leaf content declined as a function of increased leaf B concentrations in the presence and absence of Si. B deficiency stood out in H2O2 and MDA production compared to its toxicity. Proline and glycine-betaine content declined as a function of the rise in B concentration. In addition, production of these nonenzymatic antioxidant compounds was greater in plants under toxicity, in relation to deficient plants. Adding Si to the B spray solution reduced H2O2 and MDA content in the plants under nutrient deficiency or toxicity. Si reduced H2O2, primarily in B-deficient plants. Si also increased proline and glycine-betaine content, mainly in plants under B toxicity. Dry matter production of B-deficient cotton plants increased up to an application of 1.2 g L-1 of B. The critical B level in the spray solution for deficiency and toxicity was observed at a concentration of 0.5 and 1.9 g L-1 of B, respectively, in the presence of Si, and 0.4 and 1.9 g L-1 of B without it. In addition, the presence of Si in the B solution raised dry matter production in all B concentrations evaluated in this study.Conclusion:Our findings demonstrated that adding Si to a B solution is important in the foliar spraying of cotton plants because it increases proline and glycine-betaine production and reduces H2O2 and MDA content, in addition to mitigating the oxidative stress in cotton plants under B deficiency or toxicity.
Factors Associated with Age of Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children in Saudi Arabia: New Insights From A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alnemary Fahad M , Alnemary Faisal M , Simon-Cereijido Gabriela , Aldhalaan Hesham M , Hernandez Anthony , Alyahya Ahmed , Alenezi Shuliweeh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives: Research examining the age of diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and its influencing factors mostly originate from developed Western countries, providing little to no systematic information about the understanding and management of ASD in the rest of the world. The present exploratory study examined the influence of child and family characteristics on the age of ASD diagnosis in Saudi Arabia. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 3.0 years and was associated with some child and family characteristics. A one-year increase in child's age was associated with a 0.1-year increase in age of diagnosis (95% CI: 0.05, 0.12). Children who did not respond to their name were diagnosed 0.3 years earlier than other children (95% CI: - 0.60, -0.05), and engaging in challenging behavior was associated with a 0.5-year increase in age of diagnosis (95% CI: 0.20, 0.81). A lack of comorbidity was associated with a 0.6-year increase in the age of diagnosis compared to the diagnosis age of children with comorbidity (95% CI: 0.13, 1.01). Finally, those residing outside of Saudi Arabia were diagnosed with ASD 0.9 years earlier than those residing in Saudi Arabia (95% CI: -0.171, -0.11).
Mapping and analysis of structural lineaments using SRTM radar data and Landsat 8-OLI images in Telouet-Tighza area, Marrakech High Atlas - Morocco.
Authors: errami maryam , ALGOUTI Ahmed , ALGOUTI Abdellah , FARAH Abdelouahed 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Certainly, remote sensing data more specifically Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager and SRTM images can be used as a powerful tool for lineament mapping. Lineament extraction method and statistical studies are attractive an alternative analysis techniques which resolve lineament mapping problems in the region and allow exceeding the usual classical method. The present study deals with the estimation of the potential of both Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager sensor images and SRTM Digital Elevation Model data for automatic lineament extraction in the south side of Marrakech High Atlas (Telouet-Tighza area). After image corrections, enhancement methods such as principal component analysis (PCA), Band Composite and Directional Filter were adopted in order to create new images with high visibility of linear structures. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been realized on the Landsat 8- OLI bands in order to reduce the redundancy information in highly correlated bands. Validating the use of the new Landsat band composite image relied on calculating statistical optimum index factor (OIF), Correlation Index and matching interpreted linear structures to previously published geologic maps. Therefore, the SRTM Digital Elevation Model is used in this study to generate shaded relief images as well as three-dimensional representation of the terrain and slope. Shaded relief images allowed to highlight linear features related to geomorphological data which are not identified in optical images. Multi-source data, such as Band Ratio image, geological map and fieldworks were used to verify and eliminate meaningless and non- geological lineaments extracted by applying line model tool of Geomatica software.The results indicate that automatic method was applied successfully for lineament mapping in the Telouet-Tighza area and showing improvement over previous techniques in detailing the main tectonic faults. Slope and lithological factor were recognized to understand their relation with spatial distribution of lineaments over the study area. Structural lineaments generated from PC1, selected Band composite images and shaded relief DEM data proved the coincidence of their direction, length, and density with the tectonic system of the study area. The resultant fracture network is oriented ENE-WSW and E-W with a predominance of the E-W direction. It showsgood correlation between the distribution and the orientation of the lineaments on updated lineament map in comparison with the localization and orientation of fault system pattern in the existing geological map. In addition, the new synthetic structural map shows more information and details compared with based geological map which reveals the performance of Landsat 8-oli bands and SRTM data in this kind of study.
Service provider perspectives on how COVID-19 and pandemic restrictions have affected intimate partner and sexual violence survivors in Canada: A qualitative study
Authors: Michaelsen Sonia , Djiofack Hervé , Nombro Elisabeth , Ferlatte Olivier , Vissandjée Bilkis , Zarowsky Christina 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic may increase risk of intimate partner and sexual violence and make relevant services less accessible. This study explored the perspectives of intimate partner and sexual violence workers across Canada on how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the survivors with whom they work. Methods: Using a qualitative descriptive design, we interviewed 17 management and frontline staff of organizations supporting survivors of intimate partner and sexual violence across Canada. Results: We identified 4 themes that describe the impacts of COVID-19 on IPV and SV survivors, from the perspective of service providers: 1) No escape; 2) Isolation; 3) Tough decisions; and 4) Heightened vulnerability. These narrative findings are presented first, followed by an analysis within a social determinants of health framework. Interpreting our findings against such a framework revealed a complex interplay of social determinants, notably social support, access to services, and poverty, that produced several challenges for IPV and SV survivors during COVID-19 Conclusion: According to service providers, IPV and SV survivors in Canada faced several challenges during the pandemic, including reduced ability to escape their situations, increased isolation, increasingly complex decisions, and heightened vulnerability. Our findings demonstrate the critical need to adopt a broader, more holistic approach in tackling IPV and SV by also addressing socioeconomic issues such as poverty and marginalization.
A novel risk score model based on five angiogenesis-related long non-coding RNAs for bladder urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Li Xinyuan , Zhang Chunlin , Peng Xiang , Li Yang , Chen Guo , Gou Xin , Zhou Xiang , Ma Chao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Tumour angiogenesis is an independent risk factor for bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) progression, but viable and promising antiangiogenic targets are understudied. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play significant roles in angiogenesis.
Methods
The clinical data of BUC patients were obtained from TCGA database and clinical specimens of 138 BUC patients. Angiogenesis-related long non-coding RNAs (ARLNRs) were extracted from The Molecular Signatures Database v4.0. Univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses were used to further identify survival-related ARLNRs (sARLNRs). A chain of techniques (FACS, western blotting, qPCR, immunohistochemistry, tube formation, migration and invasion assays) and co-culture models were utilized to validate the clinical significances and angiogenetic correlation of sARLNRs.
Results
Five sARLNRs were employed to establish angiogenesis-related risk score model, by which the patients in the low-risk group obtained longer overall survival than those in the high-risk group. Two sARLNRa in the risk score model (AC005625.1 and AC008760.1) expressed lower in BUC cell lines and tumour tissues than that in normal urothelial cells and adjacent normal tissues, with further lower expression in more advanced T stages. More importantly, the expression of AC005625.1 and AC008760.1 expression was negatively related to endothelial cells (ECs) percentage, tumour size and muscle invasion status. A prominently higher proportion of ECs was detected in tumour tissues with lower expression of AC005625.1 and AC008760.1. Furthermore, in the co-culture model of T24 cells and HUVEC cells, knockdown of AC005625.1 and AC008760.1 in BUC cells increased tube formation, migration and invasion abilities of HUVEC cells. The expression levels of CD31, VEGF-A, VIMENTIN and N-CADHERIN were also enhanced in HUVEC cells co-cultured with siR-AC005625.1 and siR-AC008760.1-treated T24 cells.
Conclusion
In the study, we identify five sARLNRs and validate their clinical significances, angiogenesis correlation and prognosis-predictive values in BUC. These results may provide a new perspective and some promising antiangiogenic targets for clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies of BUC.
An Investigation into Religious Awareness as a Crucial Factor in Adherence to COVID-19 Medical Directives in Palestine
Authors: Saeedi Munther , Al-Othman Nihad , Rabayaa Maha , Dwaikat Saeed 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Coping with the pandemic caused by the SARS-COV- 2 has been a global challenge. To this end, several measures have been adopted to control the transmission of the disease and to ensure public safety. One factor that has greatly affected the community's behaviors, attitudes, and practices in Palestine has been religious beliefs.Aim: This study aims to investigate the role of religion as a factor in adherence to the COVID-19 medical directives in Palestine. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed from August to October 2021. In this study, 1,353 participants were asked to complete a questionnaire that consisted of 20 items that measured the impact of religious beliefs and the role played by religious scholars in the promotion and application of medically-approved health directives and the rectification of COVID-19 related information. The data were analyzed by using SPSS version 22 software.Results: More than 50% of the participants agreed that religion has a positive impact on community adherence to the health instructions in the majority of studied items. The responses were significantly variable based on the age and place of residence in most of the questions (p-value <0.05). However, gender and to a lesser extent, the level of education affected the responses to many research aspects less significantly. Conclusions: Religion could be an effective tool in dealing with challenging health issues such as COVID-19. Intervention programs can be developed based on the community's religious beliefs, attitudes, and practices, to dispel myths regarding the disease and to encourage community commitment and adherence to health directives.
Clinical efficacy of a patient-customized virtual reality auditory and visual system for the alleviation of tinnitus: a clinical trial in patients with chronic subjective tinnitus
Authors: Park Dong Heun , Han Sang Sun , Han Mun Soo , Park Seongbin , Kim Hae Nim , Kim Jiyeon , Aan Hojun , Kim Jimoon , Kim Sungkean , Kim Kibum , Choi June 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) has recently been used as a clinical treatment because it can efficiently simulate situations that are difficult to control in real-world settings. In our study, we assessed the potential of VR in patients with chronic subjective tinnitus. An evaluation of its clinical benefits was performed based on analyses of patient electroencephalograms (EEGs) and by questionnaire responses after 6–8 weeks of patient involvement in our VR-based alleviation program. Clinical trials were performed at a tertiary academic hospital. Nineteen patients (aged 33–64 years) who visited our hospital with chronic subjective tinnitus over 3 months were enrolled in the study. All patients completed questionnaires to estimate their condition related to tinnitus and underwent EEG scans to evaluate brain activity before and after VR-based tinnitus treatment. The treatment was proceeded with VR game of trashing of the tinnitus avatar in VR. We expected the patients would have the subjective feeling of controlling tinnitus through our cognitive behavior treatment. The VR environment comprised four different sessions in four different settings: a bedroom, a living room, a restaurant, and a city street. We analyzed changes in the source activities of the prefrontal regions related to tinnitus in these patients using standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography. The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) total score and grade were significantly improved after the VR-based tinnitus treatment program (p < 0.05). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index also showed improved outcomes (p < 0.05). Compared to the baseline EEG data, brain activity in the orbitofrontal cortex significantly increased in the alpha and theta frequency bands. Furthermore, patients who showed a THI score improvement after the treatment program showed specific increases in brain activity for the theta and high beta bands in the orbitofrontal cortex. Our findings suggest that the virtual reality-based program as a cognitive behavioral treatment helped to alleviate tinnitus in patients with chronic subjective tinnitus.
Randomization and Selection of Self-Calibrating Binary Encoders in Neural Systems
Authors: Herbert Alan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Zebrafish larvae are able to track and capture prey five days post-fertilization, consistent with a genetic specification of pattern recognition by the nervous system, yet inconsistent with a process that involves tweaking of individual neural connections by processes similar to those currently employed to train artificial neural nets (ANN). Biological neural networks appear extremely efficient and adaptable when compared to ANN. Here I describe self-calibrating randomly initiated binary encoders (SCRIBEs) that produce sparse output and are highly scalable. The self-calibrating nets (SCN) they generate are capable of classifying and tracking objects with high accuracy and fluency by a process based on selection of SCRIBE arrays optimizing survival. Calibration of SCRIBEs depends on array thresholds that vary with their size but can happen without external input during development and sleep. In neural systems, synchronization likely depends on neuromodulator and brainwave status.
Dolphin hearts have the same characteristics as human
Authors: Kinoshita Rie , Ebisawa Kazumasa , Nakayama Shunya , Koie Hiroshi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Previous studies of dolphin electrocardiograms showed that they are mainly composed of increased negative waves similar to ungulates. The electrocardiogram waveform is determined by the distribution of the location of the Purkinje fibers. Based on the waveform of the dolphin electrocardiogram, Hamlin predicted that the distribution of Purkinje fibers would be within the ventricular muscle, as in ungulates. In this study, bottlenose dolphin heart were observed both visually and histologically, and the effects of Purkinje fiber distribution and cardiac morphology on electrocardiogram waveforms were considered. This study showed that the Purkinje fibers of dolphins run just below the endocardium as in humans, dogs, and cats, whose electrocardiograms show mainly positive waves. When the cardiac morphology of dolphins was observed carefully again, the right ventricle was extremely dilated compared to terrestrial mammals. In human recreational divers, right ventricular dilatation is induced by diving. We hypothesized that the dolphin’s heart is in a similar state to that of right heart dilatation in terrestrial animals. The dolphin electrocardiogram waveform is considered to be due to right axis deviation. Based on the above, we concluded that the dolphin electrocardiogram waveform was due to its living in water. We found that the dolphin is genetically related to the ungulates, especially the hippopotamus, but that their hearts have evolved differently.
Pollution Status And Risk Assessment Of Trace Elements In Portuguese Water, Soils, Sediments And Associated Biota: A Trend Analysis From The 80s To 2021
Authors: Couto Cristina , Ribeiro Cláudia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Pollution of water bodies and sediments/soils by trace elements remains a global threat and a serious environmental hazard to biodiversity and human’s health. Globalization and industrialization resulted in the increase and availability of these substances in the environment posing unpredictable adverse effects to living organisms. To determine pollution status and risk contamination by trace elements, data available in literature of the last 40 years on trace elements occurrence in three environmental matrices (water bodies, sediments/soils and biota) from Continental Portugal were collected (about 90 studies). Data were compared to water and sediment quality guidelines to assess potential ecological risks. Most environmentally relevant hazardous elements include Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, and As. Various studies found trace elements at levels higher than those considered safe by environmental guidelines. In surface waters, Al, Zn, Se and Ag were found above aquatic life limits in about 60% of the reviewed papers, while Cu, Zn and As exceed those values in more than 60% of mining waters. Hg and Cd in sediments from mining areas exceeded aquatic life limits and potential ecological risk showed extremely high risk for most of the elements. The different samples vary in terms of sampling schemes, parameters, and spatiotemporal settings. These differences make meaningful comparisons of the available data difficult but the compilation of scattered environmental spatial and temporal trace elements data, from natural sources or human activity and the ultimate effect on biological systems, is of the upmost importance to broaden its knowledge, risk assessment and implementation of mitigation measures.
Minimally processed and ultra-processed food daily consumption on the transition of nutritional status to obesity: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Silva Leonardo Santos Lopes da , Abdalla Pedro Pugliesi , Bohn Lucimere , de Araújo Rafael Gavassa , Batalhão Daniel de Freitas , Venturini Ana Cláudia Rossini , Carvalho Anderson dos Santos , Duncan Michael , Mota Jorge , Machado Dalmo Roberto Lopes 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe role of food type consumption on nutritional status (NS) transition from overweight (OW) to obesity (OB), represents a higher risk in the development of chronic diseases, morbidity, premature mortality, and health services burden compared to normal weight to OW. In this sense, minimally and ultra-processed foods can impact on NS transition. However, the influence of quantity consumption has not yet been investigated. We aimed to investigate the magnitude of the impact of ultra-processed food and minimally processed food consumption in the change of NS from OW to OB.MethodsWe included 15.024 participants (9.618 OW [body mass index 25.0-29.9kg/m2], 5.406 OB [body mass index ≥30kg/m2]) with age ranging from 18 to 59 years-old from the 2019 baseline survey of the Surveillance of Risk Factors and Protection for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (VIGITEL). Minimally processed and ultra-processed food daily consumption and other confounding variables (age, sex, scholarity, physical activity, hypertension, and diabetes) were measured. Binary logistic regression analyzes the magnitude of the impact of ultra-processed food and minimally processed food consumption in the change of OW to OB. The odds ratio (OR) of transition (OW to OB) was calculated.ResultsIn general, minimally processed food (1st=1[food/day]; 2nd=6[food/day]; 3rd=7[food/day]; 4th=8[food/day]) presented higher quartile values compared to ultra-processed food (1st=1[food/day]; 2nd=1[food/day]; 3rd=2[food/day]; 4th=4[food/day]). For each minimally processed food consumed, there was a -5.9% chance of NS transition to OB. In this sense, the higher quartile (4th) of minimally processed food consumption represents less chance of the NS transition to OB (OR: -47.2%; p<0.001). On the other hand, each ultra-processed food consumed presented a chance of 3.7% of NS transition to OB. Therefore, higher consumption of ultra-processed food (4th quartile) shows higher chance of the NS transition to OB (OR: +14.8%; p<0.001).ConclusionThe consumption of ultra-processed and minimally processed foods presented a magnitude to change the NS (from OW to OB), even when controlled by sociodemographic factors, physical activity, hypertension, and diabetes. Therefore, our findings can help to guide the population about the magnitude of the effects that the consumption of different types of foods can modify their health.