bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Humoral immunity against SARS‐CoV‐2 variants including omicron in solid organ transplant recipients after three doses of a COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine
Authors: Saharia Kapil K , Husson Jennifer S , Niederhaus Silke V , Iraguha Thierry , Avila Stephanie V , Yoo Youngchae J , Hardy Nancy M , Fan Xiaoxuan , Omili Destiny , Crane Alice , Carrier Amber , Xie Wen Y , Vander Mause Erica , Hankey Kim , Bauman Sherri , Lesho Patricia , Mannuel Heather D , Ahuja Ashish , Mathew Minu , Avruch James , Baddley John , Goloubeva Olga , Shetty Kirti , Dahiya Saurabh , Rapoport Aaron P , Luetkens Tim , Atanackovic Djordje 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesSolid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) receiving post‐transplant immunosuppression show increased COVID‐19‐related mortality. It is unclear whether an additional dose of COVID‐19 vaccines can overcome the reduced immune responsiveness against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants.MethodsWe analysed humoral immune responses against SARS‐CoV‐2 and its variants in 53 SOTR receiving SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination.ResultsFollowing the initial vaccination series, 60.3% of SOTR showed no measurable neutralisation and only 18.9% demonstrated neutralising activity of > 90%. More intensive immunosuppression, antimetabolites in particular, negatively impacted antiviral immunity. While absolute IgG levels were lower in SOTR than controls, antibody titres against microbial recall antigens were higher. By contrast, SOTR showed reduced vaccine‐induced IgG/IgA antibody titres against SARS‐CoV‐2 and its delta variants and fewer linear B‐cell epitopes, indicating reduced B‐cell diversity. Importantly, a third vaccine dose led to an increase in anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody titres and neutralising activity across alpha, beta and delta variants and to the induction of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 CD4+ T cells in a subgroup of patients analysed. By contrast, we observed significantly lower antibody titres after the third dose with the omicron variant compared to the ancestral SARS‐CoV‐2 and the improvement in neutralising activity was much less pronounced than for all the other variants.ConclusionOnly a small subgroup of solid organ transplant recipients is able to generate functional antibodies after an initial vaccine series; however, an additional vaccine dose resulted in dramatically improved antibody responses against all SARS‐CoV‐2 variants except omicron where antibody responses and neutralising activity remained suboptimal.
Longitudinal study of infants receiving extra motor stimulation, full‐term control infants, and infants born preterm: High‐density EEG analyses of cortical activity in response to visual motion
Authors: Borge Blystad Julie , van der Meer Audrey L. H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractElectroencephalography was used to investigate the effects of extrastimulation and preterm birth on the development of visual motion perception during early infancy. Infants receiving extra motor stimulation in the form of baby swimming, a traditionally raised control group, and preterm born infants were presented with an optic flow pattern simulating forward and reversed self‐motion and unstructured random visual motion before and after they achieved self‐produced locomotion. Extrastimulated infants started crawling earlier and displayed significantly shorter N2 latencies in response to visual motion than their full‐term and preterm peers. Preterm infants could not differentiate between visual motion conditions, nor did they significantly decrease their latencies with age and locomotor experience. Differences in induced activities were also observed with desynchronized theta‐band activity in all infants, but with more mature synchronized alpha–beta band activity only in extrastimulated infants after they had become mobile. Compared with the other infants, preterm infants showed more widespread desynchronized oscillatory activities at lower frequencies at the age of 1 year (corrected for prematurity). The overall advanced performance of extrastimulated infants was attributed to their enriched motor stimulation. The poorer responses in the preterm infants could be related to impairment of the dorsal visual stream that is specialized in the processing of visual motion.
Calibration problems with the ASTM E108 fire test
Authors: Babrauskas Vytenis , Mowrer Frederick 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResults obtained from two accredited laboratories that regularly conduct ASTM E108 fire tests showed serious discrepancies. The source of the problem was identified to be errors in the ASTM E108 standard instructions for calibration of the fire test apparatus. The standard requires that the apparatus calibration achieve three criteria—two quantitative and one qualitative criteria. The quantitative calibration criteria include measurement of a specified wind speed across the calibration deck surface and measurement of a specified flame temperature at the leading edge of the calibration deck. The qualitative criterion is the specification of a required flame shape above the calibration deck surface that is determined by observation rather than measurement. From an engineering control standpoint, this problem has only two independent variables (air flow rate and fuel flow rate), so there can be no more than two control points, but the standard specifies three (air flow rate, flame temperature, and flame size). This is an example of an over‐constrained problem where a unique solution cannot be obtained, which satisfies all the constraints. It is suggested that the test standard be revised to eliminate this conflict. It is further suggested that the ASTM E108 calibration procedure be revised to control the burner heat release rate instead of controlling the flame temperature and flame size.
Modeling credit risk with a multi‐stage hybrid model: An alternative statistical approach
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Shamsu , Chi Guotai , Al Janabi Mazin A. M. , Habib Tabassum , Yuan Kunpeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of hybridizations on the classification performances of sophisticated machine learning classifiers such as gradient boosting (GB, TreeNet®) and random forest (RF) using multi‐stage hybrid models. The empirical findings confirm that, overall, hybrid model GB (X*Di;ŶDi, LR), which consists of TreeNet® combined with logistic regression along with a new dependent variable, offers significantly superior accuracy compared to the baselines and other hybrid classifiers. However, the performances of hybrid classifiers are not consistent across all types of datasets. For low‐dimensional data, the constructed models consistently outperform the base classifiers; however, on high dimensional data, the classification outcomes provide little evidence of improvement and in certain cases, they underperform the baseline models. These findings have relevance for the analysis of high‐ and low‐dimensional credit risk, small and medium enterprises, agricultural credits, and so on. Furthermore, the example credit risk scenario and its outcomes provide an alternative path for hybrid and machine learning approaches to be applied to more general applications in accounting and finance fields.
Suicide mortality among the elderly population in Italy: A nationwide cohort study on gender differences in sociodemographic risk factors, method of suicide, and associated comorbidity
Authors: Grande Enrico , Vichi Monica , Alicandro Gianfranco , Marchetti Stefano , Frova Luisa , Pompili Maurizio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed at investigating gender differences in the relationship between sociodemographic factors and suicide mortality, as well as in the method used for suicide and the presence of comorbidities in an older population in Italy.Methods/DesignWe conducted a historical cohort study based on individual record linkage across the 15th Italian Population Census, the Italian Population Register, and the National Register of Causes of Death. Suicides among people aged 75 years or older from 2012 to 2017 were analyzed. Crude mortality rates were computed, and cause‐specific mortality rate ratios were estimated using negative binomial regression models. Chi‐square tests were used to evaluate significant gender differences in suicide methods and comorbidities associated with suicide.ResultsThe study included 9,686,698 individuals (41% men, 59% women). Compared to living alone, living with children or partners reduced suicide mortality, especially among men. Having high or medium educational levels was associated with lower mortality than low educational levels among men. Foreign citizens had lower mortality among men, but not among women. Living in urban areas was associated with lower suicide rates in men and higher rates in women. Methods of suicide significantly differed by gender: leading methods were hanging, strangulation, and suffocation in men, and falling from height in women. Mental comorbidity was significantly more frequent among women, especially at ages 75–84 years.ConclusionsWe believe that our findings might help to promote public health strategies taking gender differences in old age into account to improve social support and quality of life of older men and women.
The effects of Uber diffusion on the mental health of drivers
Authors: Apouey Bénédicte , Stabile Mark 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhile the spread of digital technologies and the growth of associated atypical forms of work are attracting increasing attention, little is known about the impact of these new forms of work on psychological well‐being. This paper examines the effect of Uber diffusion on the mental health of drivers, taking advantage of the rollout of Uber across UK regions. We match individual‐level information on health and sociodemographic characteristics from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (Understanding Society) between 2009 and 2019 with data on the diffusion of Uber across the country. We first show that Uber diffusion is positively associated with mental health, as measured by the General Health Questionnaire, in the population group of self‐employed drivers. We argue that this positive correlation captures a selection effect (of comparatively healthier individuals into the category of self‐employed drivers after Uber entry) and the omission of unobserved factors, rather than a causal effect. Indeed, we do not observe any improvement in mental health for workers who were already self‐employed drivers before Uber entry. In parallel with this, among individuals who remained salaried drivers over time, our results suggest there may be a decline in mental health after Uber's introduction, probably because they feel the competition from Uber drivers.
Tuning the Phase Structure of ZnTiO3 Support to Promote the Catalytic Activity of Pd/ZnTiO3 Catalyst for the CO Oxidative Coupling to Dimethyl Oxalate
Authors: Liu Geng‐Wei , Pan Peng‐Bin , Zhang Xin , Huang Yuan‐Yuan , Liu Peng , Qin Ye‐Yan , Yao Yuan‐Gen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractZinc titanate (ZnTiO3) has recently been applied in various areas for its unique properties. Herein, through tuning the phase structures of ZnTiO3 support, we synthesized two different Pd‐based catalysts for CO oxidative coupling to DMO and further investigated their structure‐activity relationships for the first time. The results indicated that the strong metal‐support interaction between the cubic phase ZnTiO3 and Pd species leads to an enriched Pd electronic density and promotes the bridged CO adsorption. As a result, the as‐synthesized catalyst with cubic phase ZnTiO3 performed a turnover frequency (TOF) of 339.3 min−1, which was much higher than the hexagonal one (226.3 min−1).
A place‐based evaluation of a healthy homes initiative
Authors: McKay Kate , Eggleton Kyle 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIssue addressedLimited qualitative evaluations of healthy homes initiatives exist in the literature and even fewer look past physical health benefits to wider health outcomes. A qualitative evaluation of Manawa Ora, a healthy homes initiative implemented by a Māori health provider in Northland, New Zealand, was conducted to ascertain the wider health benefits a healthy homes initiative.MethodsParticipants of Manawa Ora were recruited; their experiences were analysed through qualitative semi‐structured interviews.ResultsTwo main themes emerged from the semi‐structured interviews. “Becoming active actors” pertains to improved health, both physical and mental, following the program. It also describes the way participants have redirected their focus from their illness to broader, more purposeful activity. “From a simple space to a place with meaning” highlights the way Manawa Ora improved the home environment by creating a “place” that holds meaning.ConclusionsHealthy homes initiatives can improve physical health as well as wider health outcomes. Through the provision of beds, bedding, insulation and heating, Manawa Ora has created a “therapeutic place” out of the home that promotes healing and well‐being.So whatGreater focus on connections to place in public health initiatives may bring about wider health gains.
Representation of diversity within written patient cases: Exploring the presence of a “hidden curriculum”
Authors: Wilby Kyle John , Cox Dianne , Whelan Anne Marie , Arya Vibhuti , Framp Heidi , Mansour Susan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are urgent calls to dismantle systemic racism and discrimination in pharmacy education and practice. It is recommended that educational programs critically review learning materials for occurrences of stigmatization that may reinforce population biases and stereotypes. Previous studies, as well as premises from race and queer theories, suggest that written cases that do not appropriately include or acknowledge patient diversity may promote a “hidden curriculum” that may foster implicit biases in student healthcare professionals.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore the existence of a “hidden curriculum” within case‐based learning materials by determining the extent to which underrepresented populations were represented in case descriptions and how representation occurred within groups.MethodsThis was a qualitative content analysis of written patient cases (n = 76) used throughout the problem‐based learning curriculum at the College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University (Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada). Proportions were calculated for each variable identified to represent the categories of interest (race, gender, sexual orientation, relationship status, and presence of disabilities). Quantified data were analyzed and themes were identified to represent each category assessed.ResultsData across all categories were mostly “undefined.” The most defined variables within each category were: white (race, 17.1%), female (gender, 53.9%), heterosexual (sexual orientation, 35.2%), married (relationship status, 29.6%), and wheelchair (disability, 1.3%). Defined variables were representative of dominant cultural groups with little representation of underrepresented populations. Themes identified were undifferentiated (race), binary (gender), heteronormative (sexual orientation), traditional (relationship status), and absent (disabilities).ConclusionFindings support the notion that there may be a “hidden curriculum” reinforcing biases and stereotypes due to the undefined nature of the cases. Educators should prioritize inclusion of diversity within cases as part of a coordinated plan, in order to ensure representation is appropriate and well‐distributed across the curriculum.
Microvascular development in the rat arteriovenous loop model in vivo—A step by step intravital microscopy analysis
Authors: Vaghela Ravikumar , Arkudas Andreas , Gage Daniel , Körner Carolin , von Hörsten Stephan , Salehi Sahar , Horch Raymund E. , Hessenauer Maximilian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe arteriovenous (AV) loop model is a key technique to solve one of the major problems of tissue engineering—providing adequate vascular support for a tissue construct of significant size. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of vascularization and factors influencing the generation of new tissue in the AV loop are still poorly understood. We previously established a novel intravital microscopy approach to study these events. In this study, we implanted our observation chamber filled with two types of hydrogels such as fibrin and methacrylate gelatin (GelMA) and performed intravital microscopy (IVM) on days 7, 14, and 21. Initial microvessel formation was observed in GelMA on day 14, while the vessel network showed clear indicators of network rearrangement and maturation on day 21. No visible microvessels were observed in fibrin. The chambers were explanted on day 21. Histological examination revealed higher numbers of microvessels in GelMA compared to fibrin, while the AV loop was thrombosed in all fibrin constructs, possibly due to matrix degradation. GelMA proved to be an ideal matrix for IVM studies in the AV loop model due to its slow degradation and transparency. This IVM model can be employed as a novel tool for live and thus faster comprehension of crucial events in the tissue regeneration process, which can improve tissue engineering application.
Global public awareness of Castleman disease and TAFRO syndrome between 2015 and 2021: A Google Trends analysis
Authors: Nishimura Yoshito , Nishimura Midori Filiz , Fajgenbaum David C. , van Rhee Frits , Sato Yasuharu , Otsuka Fumio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCastleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder with multiple subtypes. Thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis or renal insufficiency, and organomegaly (TAFRO) syndrome can occur in the context of CD. The study evaluated worldwide public awareness of CD and TAFRO syndrome using Google Trends data between 2015 and 2021. Our results showed that global public interest steadily grew until late 2019, at a small but significant rate of 1.1% per month from the 1st to 57th month (1/2015–9/2019). The increase coincided with a peak in the United States and Japan, but the search volume decreased at a rate of 1.3% per month after that time. No clear trend changes were noted throughout the study period with the search term “TAFRO.” However, the search volume significantly increased during the time period at a rate of 4.8% (confidence interval [CI]: 2.8, 6.8) and 4.7% (CI: 2.7, 6.8) per month in Japan and worldwide, respectively. There was an insufficient search volume for “TAFRO” in the United States to perform the analysis. Most searches on “TAFRO” stemmed from Japan, suggesting considerable geographical disparity in the awareness of TAFRO syndrome. Further efforts are crucial to raise the awareness of CD and TAFRO syndrome among physicians and the general public, primarily in non‐USA and Japanese countries.
Self‐sieving DNA over superhydrophobic surfaces: A Raman spectroscopy study
Authors: Marini Monica , Torre Bruno , Allione Marco , Limongi Tania , Legittimo Francesca , Giugni Andrea , Ricciardi Carlo , Pirri Candido Fabrizio , di Fabrizio Enzo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Raman spectra of DNA fibers were studied before and after suspension over superhydrophobic surface (SHS). At the end of the dehydration process of a droplet of nucleic acids solution over SHS, two structural areas appear: (i) a thicker droplet residual spot and (ii) a thinner free‐standing, self‐oriented DNA extended fibers region. For specimens deposited on reference samples (CaF2 slides), buffer contribution overrides the total Raman spectrum, while for free‐standing λDNA, biological signature comes out readily with no interference. Our spectroscopy results confirm that a mechanical sieving effect occurs spontaneously during λDNA suspension process over superhydrophobic devices. Tailored designed devices and sample preparation separate small non‐interacted molecules from the bundles and remove, concentrating, the non‐suspended material in a defined area of the SHS. At the end of the process, helices retain only the ions that effectively have interacted with the DNA strand in solution, while all the other compounds were sieved away from the areas of interest. The self‐sieving effect herein shown will provide a step forward for biomaterials studies as it allows the characterization of dilutions otherwise not detectable. The samples, autonomously purified, retain the effective interaction with environmental stresses free from any other misleading contribution allowing for characterization in optimal condition.
Exploiting plasmonic enhancement with light‐emitting diode excitation in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Wasserroth Sören , Gordeev Georgy , Juergensen Sabrina , Kusch Patryk 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a well‐established technique that enables the detection of very low molecular concentrations down to single molecules. Typical applications of SERS are the consistent identification of various samples used in chemistry, biology, and physics among others. In contrast to common SERS setups, where lasers are used as excitation source, we exploit SERS to perform Raman spectroscopy with a light‐emitting diode (LED). We demonstrate the applicability of our approach on four different Raman reporters. We unambiguously distinguish two similar designer molecules 4‐nitrothiophenol (p‐NTP) and 5,5‐dithio‐bis‐(2‐nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) that are often used in SERS experiments. Additionally, we probe Rhodamine 6G that is used in many different applications and carbon nanotubes as a one‐dimensional solid state nanosystem. The LED excited surface‐enhanced Raman spectra reproduce the characteristic Raman modes of the different samples. We compare the LED spectra to Raman spectra excited with a laser at the same wavelength. We envision the combination of LED sources with SERS substrates in the next generation of handheld devices and low‐cost Raman setups.
A chromatographic method to monitor fructan catabolism in two cool‐season grasses fermented by mixed bovine ruminal microbiota
Authors: Kagan Isabelle A. , Harlow Brittany E. , Flythe Michael D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDCool‐season grasses contain fructans (fructose‐based polymers), whose monomers are linked by β‐2,6 or β‐1,2 bonds. Fructans in the rumen are hydrolysed to fructose by bacterial enzymes, but little is known about the kinetics of fructan catabolism in the rumen. A chromatographic method, using high‐performance anion‐exchange chromatography (HPAEC) with pulsed amperometric detection, was developed to monitor changes in fructan profiles during the in vitro fermentation of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) by mixed rumen microbes. Sterile suspensions of freeze‐dried and milled tissue in minimal media were inoculated with washed rumen microbial cells under anaerobic conditions, and aliquots of the incubations were profiled 0, 2, and 5 h post‐inoculation.RESULTSTimothy and cocksfoot differed in initial concentrations of glucose and sucrose, and in the amounts remaining 2 h post‐inoculation (p < 0.01). The grasses also differed in initial concentrations of short‐chain fructan, and in concentrations present 2 h post‐inoculation (p = 0.01). Timothy and cocksfoot also differed in amounts of long‐chain fructans remaining 2 and 5 h post‐inoculation (p = 0.03), and in the maximum degree of polymerisation after 2 h (p < 0.01).CONCLUSIONSOver the first 2 h, long‐chain fructans in cocksfoot decreased while short‐chain fructans increased. In timothy, concentrations of short‐chain fructans doubled, and the degree of polymerisation decreased by 15%. The results support a model of degradation of the longest fructan chains and conversion into shorter ones.