bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family dinner: Transcriptional plasticity of five Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) feeding on three host plant species
Authors: Breeschoten Thijmen , Schranz M. Eric , Poelman Erik H. , Simon Sabrina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolyphagous insects often show specialization in feeding on different host plants in terms of survival and growth and, therefore, can be considered minor or major pests of particular hosts. Whether polyphagous insects employ a common transcriptional response to cope with defenses from diverse host plants is under‐studied. We focused on patterns of transcriptional plasticity in polyphagous moths (Noctuidae), of which many species are notorious pests, in relation to herbivore performance on different host plants. We compared the transcriptional plasticity of five polyphagous moth species feeding and developing on three different host plant species. Using a comparative phylogenetic framework, we evaluated if successful herbivory, as measured by larval performance, is determined by a shared or lineage‐specific transcriptional response. The upregulated transcriptional activity, or gene expression pattern, of larvae feeding on the different host plants and artificial control diet was highly plastic and moth species‐specific. Specialization, defined as high herbivore success for specific host plants, was not generally linked to a lower number of induced genes. Moths that were more distantly related and showing high herbivore success for certain host plants showed shared expression of multiple homologous genes, indicating convergence. We further observed specific transcriptional responses within phylogenetic lineages. These expression patterns for specific host plant species are likely caused by shared evolutionary histories, for example, symplesiomorphic patterns, and could therefore not be associated with herbivore success alone. Multiple gene families, with roles in plant digestion and detoxification, were widely expressed in response to host plant feeding but again showed highly moth species‐specific. Consequently, high herbivore success for specific host plants is also driven by species‐specific transcriptional plasticity. Thus, potential pest moths display a complex and species‐specific transcriptional plasticity.
The relative influence of sea surface temperature anomalies on the benthic composition of an Indo‐Pacific and Caribbean coral reef over the last decade
Authors: Johnson Jack V. , Exton Dan A. , Dick Jaimie T. A. , Oakley Joseph , Jompa Jamaluddin , Pincheira‐Donoso Daniel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRising ocean temperatures are the primary driver of coral reef declines throughout the tropics. Such declines include reductions in coral cover that facilitate the monopolization of the benthos by other taxa such as macroalgae, resulting in reduced habitat complexity and biodiversity. Long‐term monitoring projects present rare opportunities to assess how sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) influence changes in the benthic composition of coral reefs across distinct locations. Here, using extensively monitored coral reef sites from Honduras (in the Caribbean Sea), and from the Wakatobi National Park located in the center of the coral triangle of Indonesia, we assess the impact of global warming on coral reef benthic compositions over the period 2012–2019. Bayesian generalized linear mixed effect models revealed increases in the sponge, and hard coral coverage through time, while rubble coverage decreased at the Indonesia location. Conversely, the effect of SSTAs did not predict any changes in benthic coverage. At the Honduras location, algae and soft coral coverage increased through time, while hard coral and rock coverage were decreasing. The effects of SSTA at the Honduras location included increased rock coverage, but reduced sponge coverage, indicating disparate responses between both systems under SSTAs. However, redundancy analyses showed intralocation site variability explained the majority of variance in benthic composition over the course of the study period. Our findings show that SSTAs have differentially influenced the benthic composition between the Honduras and the Indonesian coral reefs surveyed in this study. However, the large intralocation variance that explains the benthic composition at both locations indicates that localized processes have a predominant role in explaining benthic composition over the last decade. The sustained monitoring effort is critical for understanding how these reefs will change in their composition as global temperatures continue to rise through the Anthropocene.
Sapwood and heartwood are not isolated compartments: Consequences for isotope ecohydrology
Authors: Fabiani Ginevra , Penna Daniele , Barbeta Adrià , Klaus Julian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn most tree species, xylem consists of two different functional parts: sapwood and heartwood. While sapwood, as the flowpath for sap, has received more attention in isotope studies assessing water sources accessed by trees (e.g. soil water from different depths, groundwater, stream water or a mixture of these), much remains unknown about heartwood and the possible water exchange between the two functional parts. We investigated four tree species (Fagus sylvatica, Quercus petraea, Pseudotsuga menziesii and Picea abies) characterised by different xylem anatomy and timing of physiological activity to evaluate the degree of differentiation in isotopic composition of water between sapwood and heartwood on a biweekly time scale. We found that the sapwood and heartwood of all species displayed a concurrent variation in their isotopic composition throughout the growing season and on a day‐night scale suggesting that the two are not isolated compartments. While the two functional parts display a consistent difference in isotopic composition in conifers, they are characterised by more similar values in broadleaved species in broadleaved species, suggesting a higher degree of water exchange. Furthermore, we have also observed a progressive change in the isotopic composition in broadleaved species with sampling depth rather than functional parts of xylem. Our study highlights the value of accounting for radial isotopic variation, which might potentially lead to uncertainties concerning the origin of the extracted water for water uptake studies.
The threat of wildfire is unique to cannabis among agricultural sectors in California
Authors: Dillis Christopher , Butsic Van , Moanga Diana , Parker‐Shames Phoebe , Wartenberg Ariani , Grantham Theodore E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAt the intersection of climate change and rural development, wildfire has emerged as a threat to agriculture in the Western United States. This nexus is particularly problematic for the rapidly developing cannabis industry in California, which includes farms located outside of traditional agricultural zones and within landscapes potentially more prone to wildfire. With the goal of determining whether cannabis is uniquely vulnerable to direct wildfire impacts (in terms of crop loss to burning), we integrated fire hazard severity zone (FHSZ) data, wildfire perimeters, and future burn regime projections in relation to the location and cultivated area of cannabis farming. We then applied descriptive statistics and generalized additive models (GAMs) to compare the location of licensed cannabis farms to other agricultural types in California, including grapes, pasture, and all other general crops combined. We found cannabis farming was located more often in high and very high FHSZs and closer to wildfire perimeters than any other agricultural type. GAM estimates of likelihood of occurrence in high and very high severity zones were highest for cannabis, even after accounting for spatial clustering of farm types, although there was no reliable difference in predicted distances to wildfire. Cannabis more often occurred in projected (from 2020 to 2100) wildfire hotspots than all other agricultural types, with GAM estimates affirming a reliably higher likelihood of cannabis in future hotspots than pasture or general crops. Our findings highlight cannabis' particular vulnerability to wildfire in California and may in fact underestimate wildfire risks given the potential indirect impacts of smoke to crops and farmworkers, which were not evaluated in this study. In light of the sector's growing economic importance in the state, these vulnerabilities should be considered in future cannabis and rural development policies.
Toward pluralizing ecology: Finding common ground across sociocultural and scientific perspectives
Authors: Pickett S. T. A. , Cadenasso M. L. , Rademacher A. M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEcologists increasingly work with people from other fields, in which scholars, practitioners, and activists often pluralize: “ecologies.” By contrast, biophysical ecologists use the singular. Specialists beyond ecological science may avoid the singular because it evokes environmental determinism, lack of human agency, and disrespect for ways of knowing beyond science. Some social analysts consider biophysical ecology itself to be but one way of knowing, which embodies social positioning and uneven power relations. For their part, ecologists often ignore discussions featuring the term “ecologies” as unrelated to their work. The authors—one anthropologist and two biophysical ecologists—wish to facilitate social–ecological interaction by evaluating the conceptual content of the plural versus singular contrast. We suggest there are fundamental differences between ecology in the singular and plural. We examine these differences by showing that the singular and the plural within ecological science differ in specificity versus generality. In the view of social critiques, however, the conflict reflects political power differentials and social position of science. We explore whether there are productive parallels between these contrasting implications of the singular versus plural. Social criticisms of singular ecology include lack of system openness, open‐ended dynamics, contingent pathways of change, and human agency in ecological processes. We find value in these critiques and have grappled with these issues ourselves. We find that contemporary ecology often employs concepts amenable to those in social critiques. This finding demonstrates why ecologists should not be so quick to dismiss plural ecology as a meaningful phrase. We show that concerns of the social critiques embodied in the plural term parallel ecology's use of (1) multiple models to understand a topic, (2) multifaceted, scalable concepts, and (3) nested dialog between generality and specificity. We conclude that the use of the plural and singular actually share a conceptual foundation that can facilitate interdisciplinary integration and scholarship. Furthermore, the emerging awareness by ecologists of the concerns about the politics of power in science and its use may improve the ability of ecologists not only to interact with social scientists but also to better engage with social movements and environmental justice.
Metatranscriptomics reveals a shift in microbial community composition and function during summer months in a coastal marine environment
Authors: Sutherland Ben J. G. , Finke Jan F. , Saunders Robert , Warne Snehal , Schulze Angela D. , Strohm Jeff H. T. , Chan Amy M. , Suttle Curtis A. , Miller Kristina M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTemperate coastal marine waters are often thermally stratified from spring through fall but can be dynamic and disrupted by tidal currents and wind‐driven upwelling. These mixing events introduce deeper, cooler water with a higher partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and its associated microbial communities to the surface. Anecdotally, these events impact shellfish hatcheries and farms, warranting improved understanding of changes in composition and activity of marine microbial communities in relation to environmental processes. To characterize both compositional and functional changes associated with abiotic factors, here, we generate a reference metatranscriptome from the Strait of Georgia over representative seasons and analyze metatranscriptomic profiles of the microorganisms present within intake water containing different pCO2 levels at a shellfish hatchery in British Columbia from June through October. Abiotic factors studied include pH, temperature, alkalinity, aragonite, calcite, and pCO2. Community composition changes were observed to occur at broad taxonomic levels and most notably to vary with temperature and pCO2. Functional gene expression profiles indicated a strong difference between early (June–July) and late summer (August–October) associated with viral activity. The taxonomic data suggest this could be due to the termination of cyanobacteria and phytoplankton blooms by viral lysis in the late season. Functional analysis indicated fewer differentially expressed transcripts associated with abiotic variables (e.g., pCO2) than with the temporal effect. Microbial composition and activity in these waters vary with both short‐term effects observed alongside abiotic variation and long‐term effects observed across seasons. The analysis of both taxonomy and functional gene expression simultaneously in the same samples by environmental RNA (eRNA metatranscriptomics) provided a more comprehensive view for monitoring water bodies than either would in isolation.
Prussian Blue Modified Amperometric Hg2+ Ion Biosensor Based on Glucose Oxidase Inhibition
Authors: Virbickas Povilas , Ziziunaite Gerda , Ramanavicius Arunas , Valiūnienė Aušra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this research a Hg2+ ion biosensor was developed by combining Prussian blue (PB) with glucose oxidase (GOx) – an enzyme that can be inhibited by Hg2+ ions. An application of PB in the design of Hg2+ ion biosensor enabled detecting changes in hydrogen peroxide reduction current at low operational potential of 0.2 vs Ag|AgCl,KClsat. The described Hg2+ ion biosensor exhibited wide linear range from 27 μM to 247 μM of Hg2+ and higher maximal detectable concentration of Hg2+ than other GOx inhibition‐based biosensors, making it convenient for the analysis of samples with high concentration of Hg2+ ions.
Prediction model of surface roughness of selective laser melting formed parts based on back propagation neural network
Authors: Zhang Wang , Luo Chunwang , Ma Qingyuan , Lin Zhenqiang , Yang Lan , Zheng Jun , Ge Xiaohong , Zhang Wei , Liu Yuangang , Tian Jumei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this article, selective laser melting (SLM) equipment is used to print 316L stainless steel parts under different process parameters, and the surface roughness of the parts is measured. Based on back propagation neural networks (BP neural networks, BPNN), the upper surface roughness prediction model is established. The laser power, scanning speed, and scanning interval are used as model input, and the surface roughness of the workpiece is output. This model can easily and quickly predict the surface roughness of SLM metal printing, with high prediction accuracy, and can provide a basis for the optimization of SLM process parameters.
Recent advances of non‐fullerene organic solar cells: From materials and morphology to devices and applications
Authors: Zhang Ying , Lang Yongwen , Li Gang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe innovation of non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) enables the rapid progress of organic solar cells (OSCs) in power conversion efficiencies to over 19%, endowing OSCs with great potential toward real‐world application. In this critical review, we outline the recent advances of NFA‐based OSCs ‐ from ITIC‐ to Y6‐family, to exemplify the structure–performance correlations, and cover from material chemistry to nanomorphology controlling. In addition, we point out the possible degradation mechanisms behind the NFA‐based devices and strategies for mitigating the stability issues. With OSC efficiencies approaching 20% benchmark, increasing attention has been built‐up toward the technology's applications. Therefore, we describe the opportunities and challenges in the promising applications, mainly on semitransparent and flexible OSCs for commercial photovoltaics. Finally, we provide a summary and perspective to point out the primary challenges the OSC technology is facing toward commercialization.image
Strong tough hydrogel solar evaporator with wood skeleton construction enabling ultra‐durable brine desalination
Authors: Li Lin , He Nan , Yang Sen , Zhang Qian , Zhang Haotian , Wang Bingsen , Dong Tongyu , Wang Haonan , Jiang Bo , Tang Dawei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHydrogels, a highly versatile material platform, are poised to become a promising candidate for interfacial solar evaporators on account of their record‐high evaporation rates. Nevertheless, conventional hydrogels with loose crosslinking, low solid content, and isotropic network structure are plagued by fragile mechanical tolerance, impairing their application in severe seawater environments. Herein, we develop a skeleton‐construct polyelectrolyte hydrogel (SCPH) evaporator by a universal, simple strategy that maintains not only the original properties of hydrogels, but also endows a high mechanical strength. By virtue of this strategy, the SCPH increased its mechanical strength to 1 MPa, 500 times higher than the original hydrogel. Surprisingly, the strategy also endows the SCPH with some extra properties, such as a high salt rejection ratio, a high water‐pumping rate, and low thermal conductivity, which render the SCPH a perfect evaporator. Specifically, this SCPH material significantly improves the long‐term stability of evaporators, enabling the evaporator to be capable of evaporating for 30 days in 20 wt% brine at a stable evaporation rate, exceeding the longest evaporation time ever reported. In addition, it achieves an evaporation rate of up to 2.13 kg m−2 h−1, which is twice that of the currently existing polyelectrolyte hydrogel evaporators. The skeleton construction has the potential to significantly improve the efficiency, stability, and durability of evaporators, hence bringing interfacial desalination technology toward practical applications.image
The discriminatory ability of FibroScan liver stiffness measurement, controlled attenuation parameter, and FibroScan–aspartate aminotransferase to predict severity of liver disease in children
Authors: Chaidez Alexander , Pan Zhaoxing , Sundaram Shikha S. , Boster Julia , Lovell Mark , Sokol Ronald J. , Mack Cara L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Vibration controlled transient elastography (FibroScan) is used to predict the severity of liver fibrosis and steatosis. In pediatrics, few studies have been performed directly comparing liver histologic features with FibroScan liver stiffness measurements (LSMs) and controlled attenuation parameters (CAPs). The FibroScan–aspartate aminotransferase (FAST) score, which predicts liver disease severity in adult nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has not been analyzed in children. The aims of this study were to determine if LSM and CAP correlated with liver histologic fibrosis stage and steatosis grade, respectively, and to determine the predictive capacity of FAST in pediatric NAFLD. Research participants (n = 216) included those with FibroScan within 90 days of a liver biopsy. The ability of LSM, CAP, and FAST to predict severity of liver disease was analyzed by Spearman correlation, linear regression, and receiver operating characteristic and C statistic. Significant correlations were identified between LSM and Ishak fibrosis stages, with the strongest correlation occurring in the non‐NAFLD group (Spearman r = 0.47, p < 0.0001). LSM adequately predicted Ishak stages F0–2 versus F3–F6 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC], 0.73 for all; 0.77 for non‐NAFLD). CAP strongly predicted histologic steatosis grade (r = 0.84; p < 0.0001; AUROC, 0.98). FAST had acceptable discriminatory ability for significant liver disease (AUROC, 0.75). A FAST cutoff ≥0.67 had a sensitivity of 89% but a specificity of only 62% at determining significant liver disease. This study encompasses one of the largest pediatric cohorts describing the accuracy of FibroScan LSM and CAP to predict liver histologic fibrosis stage and steatosis grade, respectively. In order to determine specific LSM, CAP, and FAST cut‐off values for fibrosis stages, steatosis grades, and significant liver disease, respectively, a much larger cohort is necessary and will likely entail the need for multicentered studies.
Serum levels of iCAF‐derived osteoglycin predict favorable outcome in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Dings Mark P. G. , Manoukian Paul , Waasdorp Cynthia , Quik Judith S. E. , Strijker Marin , Lodestijn Sophie C. , van Neerven Sanne M. , Moreno Leandro F. , de Oliveira Rodrigo Leite , Bonsing Bert A. , Bruno Marco J. , Busch Olivier R. , Doukas Michael , van Eijck Casper H. , Mohammad Nadia Haj , de Hingh Ignace H. , Molenaar Quintus I. , Besselink Marc G. , Vermeulen Louis , Medema Jan Paul , van Laarhoven Hanneke W. M. , Bijlsma Maarten F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by abundant stroma, the main cellular constituents of which are cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Stroma‐targeting agents have been proposed to improve the poor outcome of current treatments. However, clinical trials using these agents showed disappointing results. Heterogeneity in the PDAC CAF population was recently delineated demonstrating that both tumor‐promoting and tumor‐suppressive activities co‐exist in the stroma. Here, we aimed to identify biomarkers for the CAF population that contribute to a favorable outcome. RNA‐sequencing reads from patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs) were mapped to the human and mouse genome to allocate the expression of genes to the tumor or stroma. Survival meta‐analysis for stromal genes was performed and applied to human protein atlas data to identify circulating biomarkers. The candidate protein was perturbed in co‐cultures and assessed in existing and novel single‐cell gene expression analysis from control, pancreatitis, pancreatitis‐recovered and PDAC mouse models. Serum levels of the candidate biomarker were measured in two independent cohorts totaling 148 PDAC patients and related them to overall survival. Osteoglycin (OGN) was identified as a candidate serum prognostic marker. Single‐cell analysis indicated that Ogn is derived from a subgroup of inflammatory CAFs. Ogn‐expressing fibroblasts are distinct from resident healthy pancreatic stellate cells and arise during pancreatitis. Serum OGN levels were prognostic for favorable overall survival in two independent PDAC cohorts (HR = 0.47, P = .042 and HR = 0.53, P = .006). Altogether, we conclude that high circulating OGN levels inform on a previously unrecognized subgroup of CAFs and predict favorable outcomes in resectable PDAC.
Fossil fuel is the common denominator between climate change and petrochemical exposures, and effects on women and childrenʼs health
Authors: Trowbridge Jessica , Goin Dana E. , Abrahamsson Dimitri , Sklar Rachel , Woodruff Tracey J. 
Published: September 2022

SynopsisFossil fuels contribute to climate change and petrochemicals, both of which increase maternal and child disease. Reducing fossil fuels can reap a double benefit for climate change and improved health.