bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the effect of seasonal malaria chemoprevention on malaria burden among children under 5 years in Burkina Faso
Authors: Kirakoya-Samadoulougou Fati , De Brouwere Vincent , Fokam Arnold Fottsoh , Ouédraogo Mady , Yé Yazoumé 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
In 2014, the Burkina Faso government launched the Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) programme. Expected benefit was a 75% reduction of all malaria episodes and a 75% drop of severe malaria episodes. This study assessed SMC efficiency on malaria morbidity in the country after 2 years of implementation.

Methods
Quasi-experimental design comparing changes in outcomes during the high transmission period (August–November) between SMC and non-SMC health districts before (2013–2014) and after intervention (two rounds in 2015 and 2016). Health indicators (number of uncomplicated malaria cases (UM) and severe malaria cases (SM)) from 19 health districts (8 in intervention and 11 in comparison group) were extracted from the District Health Information System (DHIS2)-based platform including health facilities data. Effect on incidence was assessed by fitting difference-in difference mixed-effects negative binomial regression model at a log scale.

Results
The two rounds of SMC were associated with a reduction of UM incidence (ratio of incidence rate ratio (IRR) 69% (95% CI 55–86%); p = 0.001) and SM incidence (ratio of IRR = 73% (55–95%), p = 0.018) among under five children.

Conclusion
The two rounds of SMC had a significant effect on the reduction of malaria cases in under five children. This additional evidence on the effectiveness of SMC, using routine data, support the need to sustain its implementation and consider expansion to eligible areas not yet covered.
Anastomotic occlusion after laparoscopic low anterior rectal resection: a rare case study and literature review
Authors: Hu Chunhai , Zhang Hui , Yang Lingpeng , Zhao Jian , Cai Qiang , Jiang Long , Meng Lin , Wang Zhi , Wen Zhengrong , Wang Yunhua , Yu Zhiyong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
With the development of laparoscopic techniques and the broad clinical application of various anastomotic types, anal-preserving low anterior rectal resection and ultra-low anterior rectal resection have been popularized. Some patients with rectal cancer have retained their anus and improved their quality of life. Nevertheless, the incidence of postoperative anastomotic stenosis remains high, and anastomotic occlusion is even rarer.

Case presentation
We report a case of anastomotic occlusion in a patient with rectal cancer, which occurred after undergoing laparoscopic low anterior rectal resection + prophylactic terminal ileal fistulation at our department. Under endoscopy, we used a small guidewire to break through the occluded anastomosis, thereby finding the lacuna. After endoscopic balloon dilation, digital anal dilatation, and continuous dilator-assisted dilation, the desired efficacy was achieved, ultimately recovering ileal stoma. Postoperative follow-up condition was generally acceptable, without symptoms like abdominal pain, bloating, or difficulty in defecation.

Conclusion
Numerous factors cause postoperative anastomotic stenosis in patients with rectal cancer. Complete occlusion of anastomosis occurs relatively rare in clinical practice, and is challenging to treat. This case was our first attempt to remove the anastomotic occlusion successfully, which avoided re-operation or pain from the permanent fistula.
Visual and digital assessment of Ki-67 in breast cancer tissue - a comparison of methods
Authors: Skjervold Anette H. , Pettersen Henrik Sahlin , Valla Marit , Opdahl Signe , Bofin Anna M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn breast cancer (BC) Ki-67 cut-off levels, counting methods and inter- and intraobserver variation are still unresolved. To reduce inter-laboratory differences, it has been proposed that cut-off levels for Ki-67 should be determined based on the in-house median of 500 counted tumour cell nuclei. Digital image analysis (DIA) has been proposed as a means to standardize assessment of Ki-67 staining in tumour tissue. In this study we compared digital and visual assessment (VA) of Ki-67 protein expression levels in full-face sections from a consecutive series of BCs. The aim was to identify the number of tumour cells necessary to count in order to reflect the growth potential of a given tumour in both methods, as measured by tumour grade, mitotic count and patient outcome.MethodsA series of whole sections from 248 invasive carcinomas of no special type were immunohistochemically stained for Ki-67 and then assessed by VA and DIA. Five 100-cell increments were counted in hot spot areas using both VA and DIA. The median numbers of Ki-67 positive tumour cells were used to calculate cut-off levels for Low, Intermediate and High Ki-67 protein expression in both methods.ResultsWe found that the percentage of Ki-67 positive tumour cells was higher in DIA compared to VA (medians after 500 tumour cells counted were 22.3% for VA and 30% for DIA). While the median Ki-67% values remained largely unchanged across the 100-cell increments for VA, median values were highest in the first 1-200 cells counted using DIA. We also found that the DIA100 High group identified the largest proportion of histopathological grade 3 tumours 70/101 (69.3%).ConclusionsWe show that assessment of Ki-67 in breast tumours using DIA identifies a greater proportion of cases with high Ki-67 levels compared to VA of the same tumours. Furthermore, we show that diagnostic cut-off levels should be calibrated appropriately on the introduction of new methodology.
Toosendanin, a late-stage autophagy inhibitor, sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer to irinotecan chemotherapy
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Dong Yu , Chen Xiuping , TAN Chris Soon Heng , Li Min , Miao Kai , Lu Jia-Hong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer that develops resistance to chemotherapy frequently. Autophagy has been reported as a pro-survival response to chemotherapeutic drugs in TNBC, and suppression of autophagy can be a strategy to overcome drug resistance.

Methods
The efficacy of toosendanin (TSN) in blocking autophagy flux was measured by western blot analysis of autophagy markers, and the fluorescent imaging of RFP-GFP-LC3 probe. The co-localization of autophagosomes and lysosomes was analyzed by fluorescent imaging. Then, lysosome function was determined by measuring the lysosomal pH value and the activity of lysosomal hydrolytic proteases. For in vitro study, human triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-436 cell lines were used for evaluating the anti-proliferative effect. For in vivo study, the RFP-GFP-LC3 MDA-MB-231 xenograft nude mice received intraperitoneal injection of irinotecan (10 mg/kg), TSN (0.5 mg/kg) or a combination, and the autophagy activity and cell apoptosis were determined in tumor tissue. The degree of pathological injury of tissue was evaluated by liver index.

Results
The natural autophagy inhibitor TSN, a triterpenoid extracted from Melia toosenda Sieb. et Zucc, potently inhibited late-stage autophagy in TNBC cells. This effect was achieved via elevating lysosome pH rather than blocking the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. We further investigated the effects of TSN on the in vitro and in vivo TNBC models, in combination with chemotherapeutic drug irinotecan (or its active metabolite 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin), a topoisomerase I inhibitor showing therapeutic potential for TNBC. The data showed that TSN blocked 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38)/irinotecan-induced protective autophagy, and significantly induced apoptosis in TNBC cells and tumor xenograft models when compared to SN-38/irinotecan alone group.

Graphical Abstract
Early development of the cochlea of the common marmoset, a non-human primate model
Authors: Hosoya Makoto , Fujioka Masato , Okahara Junko , Yoshimatsu Sho , Okano Hideyuki , Ozawa Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Fine-tuned cochlear development is essential for hearing. Owing to the difficulty in using early human fetal samples, most of our knowledge regarding cochlear development has been obtained from rodents. However, several inter-species differences in cochlear development between rodents and humans have been reported. To bridge these differences, we investigated early otic development of a non-human primate model animal, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).

Methods
We examined 20 genes involved in early cochlear development and described the critical developmental steps for morphogenesis, which have been reported to vary between rodents and marmosets.

Results
The results revealed that several critical genes involved in prosensory epithelium specifications showed higher inter-species differences, suggesting that the molecular process for hair cell lineage acquisition in primates differs considerably from that of rodents. We also observed that the tempo of cochlear development was three times slower in the primate than in rodents.

Conclusions
Our data provide new insights into early cochlear development in primates and humans and imply that the procedures used for manipulating rodent cochlear sensory cells cannot be directly used for the research of primate cells due to the intrinsic inter-species differences in the cell fate determination program.
rDNA-ITS2 characterization of Trichogramma species (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in Turkey
Authors: Sümer Ercan Fahriye , Ateş Mevlüde Alev , Öztemiz Sevcan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
ITS2 sequences can be used in systematic studies and proved to give reliable results in the distinguishing of Trichogramma species (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Correct identification of natural enemies forms the basis of a biological control program. The present study aimed to compare sequences of rDNA-ITS2 of Trichogramma samples with those deposited in GenBank by using ITS2, as a barcode for reliable species identification and assessment of genetic diversity.

Results
Molecular identification methods were used to differentiate 2 Trichogramma species collected from Adana province of Turkey; Trichogramma brassicae (Bezdenko) and Trichogramma turkestanica Meyer (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). ITS2 sequences of samples ranged in size from 378 to 406 bp. The ITS2 sequences were aligned using Clustal W, genetic distances and phylogenetic tree were calculated using MEGA V7.0. rDNA-ITS2 sequences of 37 specimens of Trichogramma confirmed in GenBank in the study. Also, secondary structures of ITS2 sequences were predicted with the help of Mfold web server. All secondary structure constructions were performed at 37 °C using RNA version 2.3 default parameters.

Conclusions
A molecular marker can be used successfully to distinguish closely related groups if it is a rapidly evolving and highly conserved gene region. In the study, it was shown that ITS2 was a reliable molecular marker in distinguishing species. Therefore, with rDNA-ITS2 sequence analysis, Trichogramma spp., which is a very important natural enemy in biological control, has been identified.
Types of Sports and Exercise Group Participation and Sociopsychological Health in Older Adults: A 3-Yr Longitudinal Study
Authors: TSUJI TAISHI , KANAMORI SATORU , WATANABE RYOTA , YOKOYAMA MEIKO , MIYAGUNI YASUHIRO , SAITO MASASHIGE , KONDO KATSUNORI 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the association between a specific sports type and exercise group participation and longitudinal changes in sociopsychological health among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
Three years of data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study were used, comprising a total of 33,746 men and 36,799 women age ≥65 yr. To determine the relationship between 20 types of sports and exercise group participation in 2016 (baseline) and changes in depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15)), self-rated health (4-point scale), subjective well-being (11-point scale), and frequency of laughter (days per month) from 2016 to 2019, we performed linear regression analyses with conducting a multivariate adjustment for potential confounders using an inverse probability weighting method.

Results
The mean changes over 3 yr were +0.32 and +0.28 in GDS-15, −0.06 and −0.05 in self-rated health, −0.08 and −0.06 in subjective well-being, and −1.21 and −1.19 in frequency of laughter, in men and women, respectively. Men playing golf in a group were more likely to suppress an increase in the GDS-15 (B = −0.11, 95% confidence interval, −0.18 to −0.05) and decreases in self-rated health (0.04, 0.02 to 0.06), subjective well-being (0.07, 0.02 to 0.12), and frequency of laughter (0.45, 0.11 to 0.80). Women participating in walking, weight exercises, and hiking groups were more likely to prevent an increase in the GDS-15 (−0.12, −0.19 to −0.04; −0.09, −0.18 to −0.01; and −0.16, −0.30 to −0.03, respectively) and decreases in self-rated health (0.03, 0.01 to 0.05; 0.03, 0.01 to 0.06; and 0.08, 0.04 to 0.12, respectively).

Conclusions
Golf in older men and walking, weight exercises, and hiking in older women could be recommended as an effective program for promoting sociopsychological health among older adults in Japan.
Macrophage activation syndrome in rheumatic disease: Clinical characteristics and prognosis of 20 adult patients
Authors: Nam So Hye , Ahn Soo Min , Oh Ji Seon , Hong Seokchan , Lee Chang-Keun , Yoo Bin , Kim Yong-Gil 
Published: May 2022

Objectives
Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a hyperinflammatory condition that is known to be secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in patients with rheumatic disease. The aim of study was to evaluate the clinical manifestations and outcomes in patients with MAS with rheumatic disease.

Materials and methods
We performed a retrospective study of 20 adult patients who were diagnosed with MAS from 2012 to 2020. MAS was classified according to the HLH-2004 criteria. Patients’ information, including clinical features, laboratory findings, and treatment regimens, was collected, and the overall survival rate was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results
Twenty patients (18 women, 35.6 ± 18.3 years) who met the HLH-2004 criteria also fulfilled the 2016 EULAR/ACR/PRINTO classification criteria for MAS, and HScore was higher than 169 (mean, 241.1). Fourteen patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and 6 patients with adult-onset Still’s disease were included. All patients were treated initially with corticosteroids, and 16 patients required additional immunosuppressants. The overall survival at 3 and 6 months was 75.2% and 64.3%. In survivors, renal impairment was less common (7.7% versus 71.4%, p = 0.007), the levels of AST (364.0 versus 81.0 IU/L, p = 0.019) and LDH (1346.0 versus 343.0IU/L, p = 0.014), and platelet count (90.0 versus 43.0 × 109/L, p = 0.02) were higher in compared to non-survivors. Nine patients had opportunistic infections, five of whom died during admission.

Conclusion
The mortality of patients with MAS associated with rheumatic disease remains high. Renal impairment, levels of AST and LDH, and platelet count might be associated with prognosis.
Voice activated remote monitoring technology for heart failure patients: Study design, feasibility and observations from a pilot randomized control trial
Authors: Shara Nawar , Bjarnadottir Margret V. , Falah Noor , Chou Jiling , Alqutri Hasan S. , Asch Federico M. , Anderson Kelley M. , Bennett Sonita S. , Kuhn Alexander , Montalvo Becky , Sanchez Osirelis , Loveland Amy , Mohammed Selma F. 
Published: May 2022

Background
Heart failure (HF) is a serious health condition, associated with high health care costs, and poor outcomes. Patient empowerment and self-care are a key component of successful HF management. The emergence of telehealth may enable providers to remotely monitor patients’ statuses, support adherence to medical guidelines, improve patient wellbeing, and promote daily awareness of overall patients’ health.

Objective
To assess the feasibility of a voice activated technology for monitoring of HF patients, and its impact on HF clinical outcomes and health care utilization.

Methods
We conducted a randomized clinical trial; ambulatory HF patients were randomized to voice activated technology or standard of care (SOC) for 90 days. The system developed for this study monitored patient symptoms using a daily survey and alerted healthcare providers of pre-determined reported symptoms of worsening HF. We used summary statistics and descriptive visualizations to study the alerts generated by the technology and to healthcare utilization outcomes.

Results
The average age of patients was 54 years, the majority were Black and 45% were women. Almost all participants had an annual income below $50,000. Baseline characteristics were not statistically significantly different between the two arms. The technical infrastructure was successfully set up and two thirds of the invited study participants interacted with the technology. Patients reported favorable perception and high comfort level with the use of voice activated technology. The responses from the participants varied widely and higher perceived symptom burden was not associated with hospitalization on qualitative assessment of the data visualization plot. Among patients randomized to the voice activated technology arm, there was one HF emergency department (ED) visit and 2 HF hospitalizations; there were no events in the SOC arm.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the feasibility of remote symptom monitoring of HF patients using voice activated technology. The varying HF severity and the wide range of patient responses to the technology indicate that personalized technological approaches are needed to capture the full benefit of the technology. The differences in health care utilization between the two arms call for further study into the impact of remote monitoring on health care utilization and patients’ wellbeing.
Becoming metrics literate: An analysis of brief videos that teach about the h-index
Authors: Maggio Lauren A. , Jeffrey Alyssa , Haustein Stefanie , Samuel Anita 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionAcademia uses scholarly metrics, such as the h-index, to make hiring, promotion, and funding decisions. These high-stakes decisions require that those using scholarly metrics be able to recognize, interpret, critically assess and effectively and ethically use them. This study aimed to characterize educational videos about the h-index to understand available resources and provide recommendations for future educational initiatives.MethodsThe authors analyzed videos on the h-index posted to YouTube. Videos were identified by searching YouTube and were screened by two authors. To code the videos the authors created a coding sheet, which assessed content and presentation style with a focus on the videos’ educational quality based on Cognitive Load Theory. Two authors coded each video independently with discrepancies resolved by group consensus.ResultsThirty-one videos met inclusion criteria. Twenty-one videos (68%) were screencasts and seven used a “talking head” approach. Twenty-six videos defined the h-index (83%) and provided examples of how to calculate and find it. The importance of the h-index in high-stakes decisions was raised in 14 (45%) videos. Sixteen videos (52%) described caveats about using the h-index, with potential disadvantages to early researchers the most prevalent (n = 7; 23%). All videos incorporated various educational approaches with potential impact on viewer cognitive load. A minority of videos (n = 10; 32%) displayed professional production quality.DiscussionThe videos featured content with potential to enhance viewers’ metrics literacies such that many defined the h-index and described its calculation, providing viewers with skills to recognize and interpret the metric. However, less than half described the h-index as an author quality indicator, which has been contested, and caveats about h-index use were inconsistently presented, suggesting room for improvement. While most videos integrated practices to facilitate balancing viewers’ cognitive load, few (32%) were of professional production quality. Some videos missed opportunities to adopt particular practices that could benefit learning.
Using molecular network analysis to explore the characteristics of HIV-1 transmission in a China-Myanmar border area
Authors: Zhang Yuying , Dai Jie , Li Zhengxu , Ma Yanling , Chen Huichao , Dong Lijuan , Jin Xiaomei , Yang Min , Zeng Zhijun , Sun Pengyan , Hu Anyan , Chen Min 
Published: May 2022

Background
The China-Myanmar border area is considered a hot spot of active HIV-1 recombination in Southeast Asia. To better understand the characteristics of HIV-1 transmission in this area, a cross-sectional HIV-1 molecular epidemiological survey was conducted in Baoshan Prefecture of Yunnan Province.

Methods
In total, 708 newly reported HIV-1 cases in Baoshan Prefecture from 2019 to 2020 were included in this study. HIV-1 gag, pol and env genes were sequenced, and the spatial and demographic distributions of HIV-1 genotypes were analyzed. The characteristics of HIV-1 transmission were investigated using the HIV-1 molecular network method.

Results
In the 497 samples with genotyping results, 19 HIV-1 genotypes were found, with URFs being the predominant strains (30.2%, 150/497). The main circulating HIV-1 strains were mostly distributed in the northern area of Baoshan. URFs were more likely identified in Burmese individuals, intravenous drug users and those younger than 50 years old. CRF08_BC was more likely detected in farmers and those of Han ethnicity, CRF01_AE in the young and those of Han ethnicity, and CRF07_BC in the subpopulation with junior middle school education and higher. Moreover, CRF118_BC and CRF64_BC were more likely found in the subpopulation aged ≥40 years and ≥50 years, respectively. Among 480 individuals with pol sequence detection, 179 (37.3%) were grouped into 78 clusters, with Baoshan natives being more likely to be in the network. The proportion of the linked individuals showed significant differences when stratified by the regional origin, marital status, age and county of case reporting. In the molecular network, recent infections were more likely to occur among nonfarmers and individuals aged below 30 years.

Conclusions
HIV-1 genetics has become complex in Baoshan. HIV-1 molecular network analysis provided transmission characteristics in the local area, and these findings provided information to prioritize transmission-reduction interventions.
Analysis and Impact of Online Celebrity Brand Equity on Purchase Intention of Fans on Social Media
Authors: Utomo Mohammad Burhan , Hidayat Anas 
Published: May 2022

This research aims to determine the impact of online celebrity brand equity on purchase intention of fans on social media. The testing used 250 respondents. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. This research used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Analysis tool which was developed to test research hypotheses which was processed by using AMOS version 24. The variables used in this research were brand awareness, brand image, brand loyalty, purchase intention, and perceived quality. The results of the analysis indicated that brand awareness had positive and significant effect on brand image, brand awareness had positive and significant effect on brand loyalty, brand image had positive and significant effect on brand loyalty, brand loyalty had positive and significant effect on purchase intention, brand loyalty that supported purchase intention will be stronger with perceived quality.