bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing GP care of mental health disorders post-COVID-19: a scoping review of interventions and outcomes
Authors: Keyes Bláthnaid , McCombe Geoff , Broughan John , Frawley Timothy , Guerandel Allys , Gulati Gautam , Kelly Brendan D. , Osborne Brian , O’Connor Karen , Cullen Walter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectives:Considerable literature has examined the COVID-19 pandemic’s negative mental health sequelae. It is recognised that most people experiencing mental health problems present to primary care and the development of interventions to support GPs in the care of patients with mental health problems is a priority. This review examines interventions to enhance GP care of mental health disorders, with a view to reviewing how mental health needs might be addressed in the post-COVID-19 era.Methods:Five electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and WHO ‘Global Research on COVID-19’) were searched from May – July 2021 for papers published in English following Arksey and O’Malley’s six-stage scoping review process.Results:The initial search identified 148 articles and a total of 29 were included in the review. These studies adopted a range of methodologies, most commonly randomised control trials, qualitative interviews and surveys. Results from included studies were divided into themes: Interventions to improve identification of mental health disorders, Interventions to support GPs, Therapeutic interventions, Telemedicine Interventions and Barriers and Facilitators to Intervention Implementation. Outcome measures reported included the Seven-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the ‘The Patient Global Impression of Change Scale’.Conclusion:With increasing recognition of the mental health sequelae of COVID-19, there is a lack of large scale trials researching the acceptability or effectiveness of general practice interventions. Furthermore there is a lack of research regarding possible biological interventions (psychiatric medications) for mental health problems arising from the pandemic.
Recent mass-balance changes of Agua Negra glacier (30°S) in the Desert Andes of Argentina
Authors: Pitte Pierre , Masiokas Mariano , Gargantini Hernán , Ruiz Lucas , Berthier Etienne , Ferri Hidalgo Lidia , Zalazar Laura , Dussaillant Inés , Viale Maximiliano , Zorzut Valentina , Corvalán Ernesto , Scarpa Juan Pablo , Costa Gustavo , Villalba Ricardo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Desert Andes contain >4500 ice masses, but only a handful are currently being monitored. We present the mass changes of the small mountain glacier Agua Negra (1 km2) and of the rest of glaciers in the Jáchal river basin. Remote-sensing data show Agua Negra glacier lost 23% of its area during 1959–2019. Glaciological measurements during 2014–2021 indicate an average annual mass balance of −0.52 m w.e. a−1, with mean winter and summer balances of 0.80 and −1.33 m w.e. a−1, respectively. The Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) is estimated to be 5100 ± 100 m a.s.l., which corresponds to an Accumulation Area Ratio (AAR) of 0.28 ± 0.21. Geodetic data from SRTM X and Pléiades show a doubling of the loss rate from −0.32 ± 0.03 m w.e. a−1in 2000–2013, to −0.66 ± 0.06 m w.e. a−1in 2013–2019. Comparatively, the ice losses for the entire Jáchal river basin (25 500 km2) derived from ASTER show less negative values, −0.11 ± 16 m w.e. a−1for 2000–2012 and −0.23 ± 14 m w.e. a−1for 2012–2018. The regional warming trend since 1979 and a recent decline in snow accumulation are probably driving the observed glacier mass balance.
Analysis of the Thematic Structure and Discursive Framing in Articles about Trianon and the Holocaust in the Online Hungarian Press Using LDA Topic Modelling
Authors: Barna Ildikó , Knap Árpád 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn our research, we examined the discursive framing of Trianon and the Holocaust in today’s Hungarian online media. Our corpus contained 26,519 articles connected to these two historical events published between September 2017 and September 2020. We used a mixed-method approach by combining computational text analysis, namely, LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) topic models and qualitative methods. Our aim was not only to map the latent thematic structure and the discourses about Trianon and the Holocaust but also to identify the main differences in the rhetoric of the different sides of the political spectrum. Using Bull and Hansen’s categories, we found that the far-right and government media use the antagonistic, while the left-liberal media use the cosmopolitan mode of remembering. We identified many discursive differences between the rhetoric of the different political sides. Yet, the different relationship to emotions has the most far-reaching consequences. On the one hand, in antagonistic remembering, thus in the far-right and progovernment media, emotions play an essential role. On the other hand, cosmopolitan remembering, thus the rhetoric featured in the nongovernment media, detaches itself from emotions. This difference contributes significantly to the success of antagonistic remembering in Hungary. At the same time, the left-liberal side loses the opportunity to shape memory and identity politics.
Hydroclimatic changes in south-central China during the 4.2 ka event and their potential impacts on the development of Neolithic culture
Authors: Wang Tianli , Li Dong , Cheng Xing , Lan Jianghu , Edwards R. Lawrence , Cheng Hai , Liu Xingxing , Xue Gang , Xu Hai , Ma Le , Zang Jingjie , Wang Yaqin , Gao Yongli , Sinha Ashish , Tan Liangcheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe 4.2 ka event is widely presumed to be a globally widespread aridity event and has been linked to several episodes of societal changes across the globe. Whether this climate event impacted the cultural development in south-central China remains uncertain due to a lack of regional paleorainfall records. We present here stalagmite stable carbon isotope and trace element–based reconstruction of hydroclimatic conditions from south-central China. Our data reveal a sub–millennial scale (~5.6 to 4.3 ka) drying trend in the region followed by a gradual transition to wetter conditions during the 4.2 ka event (4.3–3.9 ka). Together with the existing archaeological evidence, our data suggest that the drier climate before 4.3 ka may have promoted the Shijiahe culture, while the pluvial conditions during the 4.2 ka event may have adversely affected its settlements in low-lying areas. While military conflicts with the Wangwan III culture may have accelerated the collapse of Shijiahe culture, we suggest that the joint effects of climate and the region's topography also played important causal roles in its demise.
REGULARITY OF THE SZEGÖ PROJECTION ON THE SYMMETRISED POLYDISC
Authors: HAN KAIKAI , TANG YANYAN 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe consider the
$L^{p}$
-regularity of the Szegö projection on the symmetrised polydisc
$\mathbb {G}_{n}$
. In the setting of the Hardy space corresponding to the distinguished boundary of the symmetrised polydisc, it is shown that this operator is
$L^{p}$
-bounded for
$p\in (2-{1}/{n}, 2+{1}/{(n-1)})$
.
Drivers of predator-proof boma disrepair in the Amboseli Ecosystem, Kenya
Authors: Manoa David Owino , Melubo Stephen , Kasaine Simon , Banham Penny , Willie Jacob , Oloo Tim , Greengrass Elizabeth , Tagg Nikki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs natural habitats continue to shrink in Kenya's Amboseli Ecosystem, livestock depredation by lions Panthera leo threatens both the livelihoods of pastoralist communities and the lion populations affected by retaliatory killings. Finding ways for people and carnivores to coexist at the landscape scale is crucial to the long-term persistence of many threatened animal populations. The fortification of existing traditional bomas to make them predator-proof reduces night-time depredation of livestock. However, the sustainability and cost-effectiveness of such an initiative rely on boma owners taking responsibility for the upkeep and repair of their bomas. In August 2018 we surveyed 88 predator-proof bomas constructed during 2012–2018 and recorded their characteristics and levels of damage. We examined which variables influence disrepair, using a series of statistical analyses, including generalized linear mixed models. Our results reveal there was more disrepair in bomas constructed with wooden posts, confirming the benefit of using recycled plastic posts; in bomas with lower livestock density, suggesting that fewer animals could cause more damage or that such damage is not repaired; and in bomas located further away from a neighbouring predator-proof boma, suggesting a social element in encouraging or enabling boma owners to carry out maintenance. We recommend the consideration and further investigation of this social influence in guiding and improving the sustainability of conservation programmes that use predator-proof bomas, with a view to reducing negative interactions between pastoralists and lions.
Plasma glucose levels and diabetes are independent predictors for mortality in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Long Hui , Li Jiachen , Li Rui , Zhang Haiyang , Ge Honghan , Zeng Hui , Chen Xi , Lu Qingbin , Jiang Wanli , Zeng Haolong , Che Tianle , Ye Xiaolei , Fang Liqun , Qin Ying , Wang Qiang , Wu Qingming , Li Hao , Liu Wei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study is performed to figure out how the presence of diabetes affects the infection, progression and prognosis of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and the effective therapy that can treat the diabetes-complicated patients with COVID-19. A multicentre study was performed in four hospitals. COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) or hyperglycaemia were compared with those without these conditions and matched by propensity score matching for their clinical progress and outcome. Totally, 2444 confirmed COVID-19 patients were recruited, from whom 336 had DM. Compared to 1344 non-DM patients with age and sex matched, DM-COVID-19 patients had significantly higher rates of intensive care unit entrance (12.43% vs. 6.58%, P = 0.014), kidney failure (9.20% vs. 4.05%, P = 0.027) and mortality (25.00% vs. 18.15%, P < 0.001). Age and sex-stratified comparison revealed increased susceptibility to COVID-19 only from females with DM. For either non-DM or DM group, hyperglycaemia was associated with adverse outcomes, featured by higher rates of severe pneumonia and mortality, in comparison with non-hyperglycaemia. This was accompanied by significantly altered laboratory indicators including lymphocyte and neutrophil percentage, C-reactive protein and urea nitrogen level, all with correlation coefficients >0.35. Both diabetes and hyperglycaemia were independently associated with adverse prognosis of COVID-19, with hazard ratios of 10.41 and 3.58, respectively.
Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome – temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) – a German single centre real-life evaluation of the Swiss and UK consensus statements
Authors: Jenke Andreas , Steinmetz Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground:In the absence of randomised trials for paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV2 (PIMS-TS), optimal management of PIMS-TS-patients remains somewhat uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the practicability of consensus diagnostic/therapeutic pathways in a real-life German hospital setting.Methods:All children treated for PIMS-TS (February to November, 2021) at the Childrens’ Hospital Kassel were analysed retrospectively. Patients were treated according to local PIMS-TS standardised operating procedure based on the Swiss and UK consensus statementsResults:Eleven patients treated for PIMS-TS were included in this study (female:male = 2.1:1). According to the categories of the Swiss and UK consensus statements, 36% were uncomplicated hyperinflammation, 36% Kawasaki-like and 27% shock-like disease. Local estimated incidence was 0.92/1000 Covid-19 cases in children aged 4–15 years. Significant inter-group differences in laboratory parameters were found: BNP was highest in shock-like presentation compared to Kawasaki-like and uncomplicated hyperinflammation (median 954 (668–1491) versus 213 (173–934) versus 80 (5–257) ng/l, p = 0.02), whereas troponin was highest in Kawasaki-like, followed by shock-like presentation and uncomplicated hyperinflammation (median 34.7 (27.5–58.4) versus 19.1 (14.1–23.4) versus 1.9 (1.9–16.4) ng/l, p = 0.02). Patients with shock-like presentation needed circulatory resuscitation in the paediatric ICU. All patients received standardised operating procedure-based therapy and were discharged home after a medium of 7.4 days.Conclusion:The Swiss and UK consensus statements on the management of PIMS-TS proved very valuable in a real-life clinical setting, facilitated early categorisation, and initiation of specific therapy, possibly improving the outcome. Additional randomised trials are necessary to further improve the management of PIMS-TS
Congenital tricuspid insufficiency due to rupture of chordae tendinea secondary to intrauterine obliteration of ductus arteriosus
Authors: Sari Gizem , Oteyaka Emre , Kuguoglu Okan Eren , Basunlu Mehmet Turan , Karakurt Yakup , Yozgat Yilmaz , Demirel Gamze , Ugurlucan Murat , Tastekin Ayhan , Turkoglu Halil 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCongenital rupture of tricuspid chordae tendinea leading to severe tricuspid insufficiency is an extremely rare pathology associated with signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure presenting at birth. If the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology are not made early in life fetal demise may become inevitable.We herein present a neonate with central cyanosis and congestive heart failure due to rupture of an anterior leaflet chordae resulting in severe insufficiency of the tricuspid valve who was treated with appropriate surgery.
Rare presentation of eosinophilic granulomatosis polyangiitis with left ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis in a child
Authors: Doraiswamy Vinoth , Vengudusamy Sivakumar , Arumugam Jayavardhana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEosinophilic granulomatosis polyangiitis represents less than 2% of vasculitis cases in childhood. Children have worse long-term outcomes and higher mortality. Cardiac involvement portends a worse prognosis. We describe here an adolescent girl who presented with heart failure and stroke. Her blood investigations showed eosinophilia and high IgE levels. Cardiac evaluation revealed myocarditis, intracardiac thrombus, and endomyocardial fibrosis, a rare presentation of this disease in childhood.
Determinants of egg consumption by infants and young children in Ethiopia
Authors: Kase Bezawit E , Frongillo Edward A , Isanovic Sejla , Gonzalez Wendy , Wodajo Hana Yemane , Djimeu Eric W 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjective:To identify determinants of egg consumption in infants and young children aged 6–23·9 months in Ethiopia.Design and setting:Data used were from the cross-sectional baseline survey of an egg campaign in Ethiopia implemented by the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition.Participants:Children aged 6–23·9 months (n 453) were sampled. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, economic resources, caregiver’s behaviour, child health and feeding practices, and egg consumption in the last 7 d were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to examine the association between explanatory variables and egg consumption in the last 7 d.Results:About half of children (53·4 %) did not consume eggs in the last 7 d. The odds of children consuming eggs were 4·33 (P < 0·002) times higher when their caregivers had some college education compared with no education. Wealth was positively (OR, 1·13, P = 0·029) and household food insecurity was negatively (OR, 0·96, P = 0·117) associated with child egg consumption. Purchasing eggs (OR, 9·73, P < 0·001) and caregiver’s positive behavioural determinants (OR, 1·37, P = 0·005) were associated with child egg consumption. The associations of socio-demographic characteristics and economic resources with egg consumption provide evidence of partial mediation through caregiver behaviour and child health.Conclusions:About half of children aged 6–23·9 months consumed eggs. Availability of eggs in households, mainly through purchase, was strongly associated with egg consumption. Education of caregivers and household heads and economic resources were associated with egg consumption and may operate through caregiver behaviour.
Group-based nutrition interventions to promote healthy eating and mobility in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review
Authors: Teggart Kylie , Ganann Rebecca , Sihota Davneet , Moore Caroline , Keller Heather , Senson Christine , Phillips Stuart M , Neil-Sztramko Sarah E 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjective:To identify the efficacy of group-based nutrition interventions to increase healthy eating, reduce nutrition risk, improve nutritional status and improve physical mobility among community-dwelling older adults.Design:Systematic review. Electronic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Sociological Abstracts were searched on July 15, 2020 for studies published in English since January 2010. Study selection, critical appraisal (using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s tools) and data extraction were performed in duplicate by two independent reviewers.Setting:Nutrition interventions delivered to groups in community-based settings were eligible. Studies delivered in acute or long-term care settings were excluded.Participants:Community-dwelling older adults aged 55+ years. Studies targeting specific disease populations or promoting weight loss were excluded.Results:Thirty-one experimental and quasi-experimental studies with generally unclear to high risk of bias were included. Interventions included nutrition education with behaviour change techniques (BCT) (e.g. goal setting, interactive cooking demonstrations) (n 21), didactic nutrition education (n 4), interactive nutrition education (n 2), food access (n 2) and nutrition education with BCT and food access (n 2). Group-based nutrition education with BCT demonstrated the most promise in improving food and fluid intake, nutritional status and healthy eating knowledge compared with baseline or control. The impact on mobility outcomes was unclear.Conclusions:Group-based nutrition education with BCT demonstrated the most promise for improving healthy eating among community-dwelling older adults. Our findings should be interpreted with caution related to generally low certainty, unclear to high risk of bias and high heterogeneity across interventions and outcomes. Higher quality research in group-based nutrition education for older adults is needed.
Reparations for victims of terrorist acts in Sahel conflicts: The case of Niger
Authors: Koundy Maman Aminou A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAfter the crisis in Mali erupted in 2012, numerous conflicts have broken out in countries of the Sahel and resulted in many violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law. While these bodies of law were designed primarily to protect individuals or categories of individuals, they also require that reparations be made for harm suffered by the victims of such violations. Despite the ever-growing number of victims in conflicts in the Sahel in general and in Niger in particular, it is evident that States of the Sahel have not made a priority of meeting the reparation obligation, which falls mainly on them. However, the specific nature of the harm suffered (as a result, in part, of civilians being targeted) in terrorist-related conflicts calls for a prompt reaction by States, as they are the true targets of acts perpetrated by terrorist-designated non-State armed groups, while individuals and communities are only proxy victims. A legal, institutional and operational framework for victim reparations needs to be set up by the States, but that has yet to happen, even though it is one of the conditions of durable conflict resolution. The scattered initiatives that have been launched in Niger would gain from being brought together under a holistic framework with a global strategic vision.
The Relative Impacts of Initialization and Climate Forcing in Coupled Ice Sheet‐Ocean Modeling: Application to Pope, Smith, and Kohler Glaciers
Authors: Goldberg D. N. , Holland P. R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCoupled ice sheet‐ocean models are beginning to be used to study the response of ice sheets to ocean warming. Initializing an ice‐ocean model is challenging and can introduce nonphysical transients, and the extent to which such transients can affect model projections is unclear. We use a synchronously‐coupled ice‐ocean model to investigate evolution of Pope, Smith and Kohler Glaciers, West Antarctica, over the next half‐century. Two methods of initialization are used: In one, the ice‐sheet model is constrained with observed velocities in its initial state; in another, the model is constrained with both velocities and grounded thinning rates over a 4‐year period. Each method is applied to two basal sliding laws. For each resulting initialization, two climate scenarios are considered: one where ocean conditions during the initialization period persist indefinitely, and one where the ocean is in a permanent “warm” state. At first, model runs initialized with thinning data exhibit volume loss rates much closer to observed values than those initialized with velocity only, but after 1–2 decades, the forcing primarily determines rates of volume loss and grounding line retreat. Such behavior is seen for both basal sliding laws, although volume loss rates differ quantitatively. Under the “warm” scenario, a grounding line retreat of ∼30 km is simulated for Smith and Kohler, although variation in total retreat due to initialization is nearly as large as that due to forcing. Furthermore it is questionable whether retreat will continue due to narrowing of submarine troughs and limiting of heat transport by bathymetric obstacles.
Bonded Discrete Element Simulations of Sea Ice With Non‐Local Failure: Applications to Nares Strait
Authors: West Brendan , O’Connor Devin , Parno Matthew , Krackow Max , Polashenski Christopher 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe discrete element method (DEM) can provide detailed descriptions of sea ice dynamics that explicitly model floes and discontinuities in the ice, which can be challenging to represent accurately with current models. However, floe‐scale stresses that inform lead formation in sea ice are difficult to calculate in current DEM implementations. In this paper, we use the ParticLS software library to develop a DEM that models the sea ice as a collection of discrete rigid particles that are initially bonded together using a cohesive beam model that approximates the response of an Euler‐Bernoulli beam located between particle centroids. Ice fracture and lead formation are determined based on the value of a non‐local Cauchy stress state around each particle and a Mohr‐Coulomb fracture model. Therefore, large ice floes are modeled as continuous objects made up of many bonded particles that can interact with each other, deform, and fracture. We generate particle configurations by discretizing the ice in MODIS satellite imagery into polygonal floes that fill the observed ice shape and extent. The model is tested on ice advecting through an idealized channel and through Nares Strait. The results indicate that the bonded DEM model is capable of qualitatively capturing the dynamic sea ice patterns through constrictions such as ice bridges, arch kinematic features, and lead formation. In addition, we apply spatial and temporal scaling analyses to illustrate the model's ability to capture heterogeneity and intermittency in the simulated ice deformation.