bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remote ischemic conditioning for acute ischemic stroke part 2: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ishizuka Kentaro , Hoshino Takao , Toi Sono , Mizuno Takafumi , Hosoya Megumi , Saito Moeko , Sato Yasuto , Yagita Yoshiki , Todo Kenichi , Sakaguchi Manabu , Ohashi Takashi , Maruyama Kenji , Hino Shuji , Honma Yutaka , Doijiri Ryosuke , Yamagami Hiroshi , Iguchi Yasuyuki , Hirano Teruyuki , Kimura Kazumi , Kitazono Takanari , Kitagawa Kazuo 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundRemote ischemic conditioning (RIC) refers to the application of repeated short periods of ischemia intended to protect remote areas against tissue damage during and after prolonged ischemia.AimWe aim to evaluate the efficacy of RIC, determined by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days after stroke onset.Design and methodsThis study is an investigator-initiated, multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel-group clinical trial. The sample size is 400, comprising 200 patients who will receive RIC and 200 controls. The patients will be divided into three groups according to their National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at enrollment: 5–9, mild; 10–14, moderate; 15–20, severe. The RIC protocol will be comprised of four cycles, each consisting of 5 min of blood pressure cuff inflation (at 200 mmHg or 50 mmHg above the systolic blood pressure) followed by 5 min of reperfusion, with the cuff placed on the thigh on the unaffected side. The control group will only undergo blood pressure measurements before and after the intervention period. This trial is registered with the UMIN Clinical Trial Registry (https://www.umin.ac.jp/: UMIN000046225).Study outcomeThe primary outcome will be a good functional outcome as determined by the mRS score at 90 days after stroke onset, with a target mRS score of 0–1 in the mild group, 0–2 in the moderate group, and 0–3 in the severe group.DiscussionThis trial may help determine whether RIC should be recommended as a routine clinical strategy for patients with ischemic stroke.
Comparison of perioperative outcomes with or without routine chest tube drainage after video-assisted thoracoscopic pulmonary resection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Rongyang , Qiu Jianhao , Qu Chenghao , Ma Zheng , Wang Kun , Zhang Yu , Yue Weiming , Tian Hui 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundIn recent years, an increasing number of thoracic surgeons have attempted to apply no routine chest tube drainage (NT) strategy after thoracoscopic lung resection. However, the safety and feasibility of not routinely placing a chest tube after lung resection remain controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effect of NT strategy after thoracoscopic pulmonary resection on perioperative outcomes.MethodsA comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases until 3 January 2022 was performed to identify the studies that implemented NT strategy after thoracoscopic pulmonary resection. Perioperative outcomes were extracted by 2 reviewers independently and then synthesized using a random-effects model. Risk ratio (RR) and standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) served as the summary statistics for meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were subsequently performed.ResultsA total of 12 studies with 1,381 patients were included. The meta-analysis indicated that patients in the NT group had a significantly reduced postoperative length of stay (LOS) (SMD = -0.91; 95% CI: -1.20 to -0.61; P &lt; 0.001) and pain score on postoperative day (POD) 1 (SMD = -0.95; 95% CI: -1.54 to -0.36; P = 0.002), POD 2 (SMD = -0.37; 95% CI: -0.63 to -0.11; P = 0.005), and POD 3 (SMD = -0.39; 95% CI: -0.71 to -0.06; P = 0.02). Further subgroup analysis showed that the difference of postoperative LOS became statistically insignificant in the lobectomy or segmentectomy subgroup (SMD = -0.30; 95% CI: -0.91 to 0.32; P = 0.34). Although the risk of pneumothorax was significantly higher in the NT group (RR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.14–2.68; P = 0.01), the reintervention rates were comparable between groups (RR = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.48–2.25; P = 0.92). No significant difference was found in pleural effusion, subcutaneous emphysema, operation time, pain score on POD 7, and wound healing satisfactory (all P &gt; 0.05). The sensitivity analysis suggested that the results of the meta-analysis were stabilized.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis suggested that NT strategy is safe and feasible for selected patients scheduled for video-assisted thoracoscopic pulmonary resection.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-4-0026, identifier INPLASY202240026.
Characterization of the SGLT2 Interaction Network and Its Regulation by SGLT2 Inhibitors: A Bioinformatic Analysis
Authors: Wicik Zofia , Nowak Anna , Jarosz-Popek Joanna , Wolska Marta , Eyileten Ceren , Siller-Matula Jolanta M. , von Lewinski Dirk , Sourij Harald , Filipiak‬ Krzysztof J. , Postuła Marek 
Published: August 2022

Background: Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), also known as solute carrier family 5 member 2 (SLC5A2), is a promising target for a new class of drugs primarily established as kidney-targeting, effective glucose-lowering agents used in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Increasing evidence indicates that besides renal effects, SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have also a systemic impact via indirectly targeting the heart and other tissues. Our hypothesis states that the pleiotropic effects of SGLT2i are associated with their binding force, location of targets in the SGLT2 networks, targets involvement in signaling pathways, and their tissue-specific expression.Methods: Thus, to investigate differences in SGLT2i impact on human organisms, we re-created the SGLT2 interaction network incorporating its inhibitors and metformin and analyzed its tissue-specific expression using publicly available datasets. We analyzed it in the context of the so-called key terms ( autophagy, oxidative stress, aging, senescence, inflammation, AMPK pathways, and mTOR pathways) which seem to be crucial to elucidating the SGLT2 role in a variety of clinical manifestations.Results: Analysis of SGLT2 and its network components’ expression confidence identified selected organs in the following order: kidney, liver, adipose tissue, blood, heart, muscle, intestine, brain, and artery according to the TISSUES database. Drug repurposing analysis of known SGLT2i pointed out the influence of SGLT1 regulators on the heart and intestine tissue. Additionally, dapagliflozin seems to also have a stronger impact on brain tissue through the regulation of SGLT3 and SLC5A11. The shortest path analysis identified interaction SIRT1-SGLT2 among the top five interactions across six from seven analyzed networks associated with the key terms. Other top first-level SGLT2 interactors associated with key terms were not only ADIPOQ, INS, GLUT4, ACE, and GLUT1 but also less recognized ILK and ADCY7. Among other interactors which appeared in multiple shortest-path analyses were GPT, COG2, and MGAM. Enrichment analysis of SGLT2 network components showed the highest overrepresentation of hypertensive disease, DM-related diseases for both levels of SGLT2 interactors. Additionally, for the extended SGLT2 network, we observed enrichment in obesity (including SGLT1), cancer-related terms, neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, and neutrophil-mediated immunity.Conclusion: This study provides comprehensive and ranked information about the SGLT2 interaction network in the context of tissue expression and can help to predict the clinical effects of the SGLT2i.
Dihydromyricetin ameliorates osteogenic differentiation of human aortic valve interstitial cells by targeting c-KIT/interleukin-6 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Shaoshao , Fan Leilei , Wang Yongjun , Xu Jianjun , Shen Qiang , Xie Jianhua , Zeng Zhipeng , Zhou Tingwen 
Published: August 2022

Aims: Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a chronic cardiovascular disease with high morbidity that lacks effective pharmacotherapeutics. As a natural flavonoid extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata, dihydromyricetin (DHM) has been shown to be effective in protecting against atherosclerosis; yet, the therapeutic role of DHM in CAVD remains poorly understood. Herein, we aimed to clarify the therapeutic implications of DHM in CAVD and the underlying molecular mechanisms in human valvular interstitial cells (hVICs).Methods and Results: The protein levels of two known osteogenesis-specific genes (alkaline phosphatase, ALP; runt-related transcription factor 2, Runx2) and calcified nodule formation in hVICs were detected by Western blot and Alizarin Red staining, respectively. The results showed that DHM markedly ameliorated osteogenic induction medium (OM)–induced osteogenic differentiation of hVICs, as evidenced by downregulation of ALP and Runx2 expression and decreased calcium deposition. The SwissTargetPrediction database was used to identify the potential AVC-associated direct protein target of DHM. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis revealed that c-KIT, a tyrosine-protein kinase, can act as a credible protein target of DHM, as evidenced by molecular docking. Mechanistically, DHM-mediated inhibition of c-KIT phosphorylation drove interleukin-6 (IL-6) downregulation in CAVD, thereby ameliorating OM-induced osteogenic differentiation of hVICs and aortic valve calcification progression.Conclusion: DHM ameliorates osteogenic differentiation of hVICs by blocking the phosphorylation of c-KIT, thus reducing IL-6 expression in CAVD. DHM could be a viable therapeutic supplement to impede CAVD.
Reliable reference genes for gene expression analyses under the hypomagnetic field in a migratory insect
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zeng Luying , Wei Yongji , Zhang Ming , Pan Weidong , Sword Gregory A. , Yang Fei , Chen Fajun , Wan Guijun 
Published: August 2022

Manipulating the hypomagnetic field (HMF), which is the absence or significant weakening (&lt;5 μT) of the geomagnetic field (GMF), offers a unique tool to investigate magnetic field effects on organismal physiology, development, behavior and life history. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) has been utilized to study changes in gene expression associated with exposure to the HMF. However, selecting appropriate reference genes (RGs) with confirmed stable expression across environments for RT-qPCR is often underappreciated. Using three algorithms (BestKeeper, NormFinder, and GeNorm), we investigated the expression stability of eight candidate RGs when exposed to the HMF condition versus local GMF during developmental from juveniles to adults in the migratory insect pest, the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. During the nymphal stage, RPL5 &amp; α-TUB1, EF1-α &amp; ARF1, RPL5 &amp; AK, EF1-α &amp; RPL5, and ARF1 &amp; AK were suggested as the most stable RG sets in the 1st to 5th instars, respectively. For 1- to 3-day-old adults, AK &amp; ARF1, AK &amp; α-TUB1, AK &amp; ARF1 and EF1-α &amp; RPL5, AK &amp; α-TUB1, AK &amp; EF1-α were the optimal RG sets for macropterous and brachypterous females, respectively. ACT1 &amp; RPL5, RPL5 &amp; EF1-α, α-TUB1 &amp; ACT1 and EF1-α &amp; RPL5, ARF1 &amp; ACT1, ACT1 &amp; ARF1 were the optimal RG sets for macropterous and brachypterous males, respectively. These results will facilitate accurate gene expression analyses under the HMF in N. lugens. The verification approach illustrated in this study highlights the importance of identifying reliable RGs for future empirical studies of magnetobiology (including magnetoreception) that involve magnetic field intensity as a factor.
Associations of depressive symptoms and chronic diseases with activities of daily living among middle-aged and older population in China: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Hu Yingyun , Zhou Feixiang , Kaminga Atipatsa Chiwanda , Yan Shipeng , Hu Zhao 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundActivities of daily living (ADL) disability is a concern in the aging population and can lead to increased health service demands and lower quality of life. The aim of this longitudinal study was to assess the associations of chronic conditions and depressive symptoms with ADL disability.MethodsThis prospective cohort study used two waves of data (2011 and 2015) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A total of 10,864 participants aged 45 and older were included for analysis. Chronic diseases were assessed by self-report and depressive symptoms were assessed using the validated 10-item of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale at baseline. Incidents of ADL disability during follow-up were assessed using the Katz ADL scales.ResultsAfter 4 years of follow-up, there were 704 participants incidents of ADL disability. The incident rate was 17.22 per 1,000 person-years. Having at least one chronic disease was independently associated with a 39% increased risk of incident ADL disability (adjusted HR, 1.39; 95%CI: 1.16, 1.67). The presence of depression symptoms was independently associated with a 54% increased risk of incident ADL disability (adjusted HR, 1.54; 95%CI: 1.30, 1.82). However, there was no significant additive interaction effect between chronic diseases and depressive symptoms on ADL disability.ConclusionChronic diseases and depressive symptoms are associated with an increased risk of ADL disability in middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Improving chronic diseases and depressive symptoms can prevent ADL disability.
Case report: Lower eyelid Reconstruction with the rotation flap pedicled by orbicularis oculi muscle
Authors: Duan Mengying , Yue Chao , Peng Jianzhong 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundLoss of eyelid tissue can be caused by trauma, congenital defects or tumors. Eyelid reconstruction is complicated and challengingly difficult because of the complex anatomy of the eyelid. Several types of surgical procedures for the reconstruction of eyelid defects are available.ObjectiveTo describe reconstruction of lower-eyelid defects using a rotation flap pedicled by the orbicularis oculi.MethodsFourteen patients (mean age = 67 years old; ages range of 53–86 years old) who suffered from tumor excision from the lower eyelid were treated by the method.ResultsThe mean duration of follow-up was 14 (range, 12–16) months. Ectropion, abnormal eyelid position and donor-site morbidity were not observed during follow-up.ConclusionA rotation flap pedicled by the orbicularis oculi can be a good choice for single-stage reconstruction of lower-eyelid defects.
MACI - modelo para autoria colaborativa de programas de intervenções para dispositivos móveis
Authors: Dantas Laurentino Augusto , Da Silva Joab Cavalcante , Oliveira Raphael Christian dos Santos , Pimentel Maria da Graça Campos 
Published: August 2022

Neste artigo apresentamos o modelo para a autoria colaborativa de programas de intervenções para dispositivos móveis (MACI). O modelo proposto divide o processo de monitoramento de participantes por intervenções programadas em quatro etapas sequenciais e cíclicas. Como principais características do modelo pode ser citado a sua simplicidade e a definição precisa das tarefas e objetivos de cada etapa, o que permite que sejam definidos os atores, seus papéis, as tarefas a serem realizadas e os resultados esperados. Como prova de conceito do modelo foi desenvolvida a ferramenta de autoria colaborativa para a criação de programas de intervenções programadas fundamentados no ESM (FACEE), que aplica técnicas de Desenvolvimento de Software pelo Usuário Final (EUD) para ofertar a especialistas, com pouca ou nenhuma experiência em desenvolvimento de software, a possibilidade de criarem programas de intervenções programadas seguindo o método de amostragem de experiência (ESM).
فاعلية التعلم الإلكتروني الصفي في تحسين المهارات القرائية والكتابية لدى طلبة ذوي صعوبات التعلم في الصف الرابع الابتدائي في مدينة الدوحة في دولة قطر
Authors: Almustafa Ghadeer , Al-Hamidi Moayad 
Published: August 2022

الأهداف : هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تعرُّف فاعلية التعلم الالكتروني الصفي في تحسين المهارات القرائية والكتابية لدى طلبة ذوي صعوبات التعلم في الصف الرابع الابتدائي في مدينة الدوحة في دولة قطر، تكوّن مجتمع الدراسة من جميع طلبة صعوبات التعلم في مدينة الدوحة، للفصل الدراسي الثاني 2020\2021 ؛ حيث وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (31) طالبًا، والذين جرى اختيارهم بطريقة عشوائية.
المنهجية: تم استخدام المنهج التجريبي، كما جرى استخدام أداة الدراسة وهي اختبار تحصيلي في القراءة والكتابة تكون من (60) فقرة بصورته النهائية، جرى التحقق من صدق وثبات الأداة.
النتائج: أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق دالة إحصائيًا عند مستوى دلالة (α≤ 0.05) بين متوسطات درجات الطلبة ولصالح الاختبار البعدي في مهارتي القراءة والكتابة =13.62 – 15.96) ت كما أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق دالة إحصائيًا عند مستوى دلالة (α≤ 0.05) بين متوسطات درجات الطلبة في مهارتي القراءة والكتابة تبعًا للجنس (ذكر،أنثى).
التوصيات: حيث أوصت الدراسة بضرورة توظيف تكنولوجيا التعليم في تدريس الطلبة ذوي الإعاقة وخصوصًا الطلبة ذوي صعوبات التعلم. تبني طرق تكنولوجيا التعليم في تطوير المناهج لتناسب الطلبة ذوي صعوبات التعلم.
The Psychometric Proprieties of the Jordanian Version of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale – Second Edition (CARS2-HF)
Authors: Hemedan Nabil , Maharmeh Lina 
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to verify the psychometric proprieties of the Jordanian version of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale - HF (second edition) to diagnose the individuals with high functional autism spectrum disorder, on a sample of (20) students distributed in three districts areas in Jordan ranging from (6-18) years, including (10) high functional autistic students, (5) students with ADHD, and (5) ordinary. The scale was applied to the previous sample after being presented to a group of arbitrators and practitioners in the field. The results showed that the measure have an excepted level of contend validity, where the correlation of paragraphs with the instrument as a whole ranged from (0 – 0.92), and the discriminatory honesty through the existence of statistically significant differences (∞ = 0.05) between the ordinary students on the one hand and other students; On the other hand the differences came in favor of both students with ASD-HF, ADHD, as shown by statistically significant differences between students with ASD-HF, ADHD and there were also statistically significant differences between students with ASD-HF, ADHD, and the differences were in favors of students with ASD-HF, while persistence in internal consistency was calculated by calculating the alpha-Cronbach equation (0.96). Also the results showed the existence of another characteristic of scale such as objectivity, ease of application, correction and interpretation of results
مادة (أوب) في القرآن الكريم دراسة دلالية سياقية
Authors: عرمان لينة أحمد محمد , النصيرات جهاد محمد 
Published: August 2022

الأهداف : تهتم هذه الدراسة بمادة (أوب) في القرآن الكريم، من خلال دراسة دلالية سياقية، حيث تهدف إلى تتبع مادة (أوب) وما يقاربها وفق ورودها في القرآن الكريم، ومعرفة العلاقة بين تقاليب مادة (أوب)، وما استعمل منها، وما أهمل، والكشف عن دلالات المادة اللغوية، وبيان دلالاتها السياقية في الاستعمال القرآني.
المنهجية: تنتهج هذه الدراسة المنهجين الاستقرائي والتحليلي، وذلك بتتبع مواطن ورود المادة في المعاجم تتبعا تاريخيا، ومن ثم رصد ورودها في السياقات القرآنية المختلفة، بغية استنباط ما ينشأ عن هذه المادة من دلالات مختلفة.
النتائج: تبين للباحثين تناسب دلالات المفردة اللغوية والصرفية والنحوية مع السياق الذي وردت فيه، فلا يصلح استبدالها بغيرها من الألفاظ مهما كانت مقاربة.
التوصيات: يوصي الباحثان المختصين بعلم التفسير بالعناية بالدراسات الدلالية، التي تعد رافدا أساسيا من روافد الإعجاز البياني، كما يوصيان بالاهتمام بجمع الألفاظ القرآنية المتقاربة في المعنى في معاجم خاصة بهذا الغرض؛ تسهيلا لعمل الدارسين في حقل الدراسات الدلالية
حق المساطحة: مشروعيته، وتكييفه الفقهي، وآفاقه المستقبلية
Authors: عوض حنان محمد , العساف عدنان محمود 
Published: August 2022

الأهداف: تهدف الدراسة إلى بيان مفهوم حق المساطحة، وتكييفه الفقهي ومشروعيته، وآفاقه المستقبلية، وانقضاؤه.
المنهجية: استخدمت الدراسة المنهج النقلي في إيراد النصوص، والمنهج الاستقرائي بجمع المادة العلمية من أهم كتب الفقه في المذاهب الفقهية الأربعة، والمراجع الحديثة التي تتناولت موضوع الدراسة. والمنهج التحليلي بتحليل آراء الفقهاء في المسائل المعروضة في البحث.
النتائج: توصلت الدراسة إلى أن حق المساطحة مشروع، ولا يتعارض مع مبادئ الشريعة الإسلامية، ويؤسس حق المساطحة لاستثمارات مالية واقتصادية فاعلة؛ لأنه حق قابل للتطور، ويمكن صياغته بما يتلاءم مع المستجدات المعاصرة، وبما يحقق الأهداف المنشودة منه كأسلوب استثماري متميز ومكمل للعقود القائمة كعقد الB.O.T، والإجارة المنتهية بالتمليك، ويتميز بصبغة قانونية، وخصائص تنفع العاقدين، وتغني الاقتصاد، ويتميز بسهولة ضبطه من ناحية حقوقية.
التوصيات: يوصي الباحثان بدراسة تطبيقات حق المساطحة في المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية، وإمكانية الإفادة منه في مجال الاستثمار في البنوك الإسلامية.
تاريخ انتشار القراءات القرآنية في الجزيرة العربية
Authors: الدرادكة خليل إبراهيم 
Published: August 2022

الأهداف: يهدف هذا البحث إلى تتبع الملامح العامة والأساسية لنشأة علم القراءات القرآنية وتطوره وتاريخ انتشار القراءات القرآنية في الجزيرة العربية، ويرصد أبرز أعلامها ورجالها الذين انتهت إليهم رياسة الاقراء وأصبحت قراءتهم هي القراءة المستعملة بين الناس، ابتداء من عصر النبوة وحتى يومنا هذا، ويكشف عن أشهر الروايات والقراءات التي تعاقبت عليها في مراحلها التاريخية المختلفة.
المنهجية: انتهج البحث منهجا تاريخيا عماده الاستقراء، والتتبع، إلى جانب المنهج الوصفي، والإجراء التحليلي، ضمن الحدود الزمانية التي جاءت ضمن ثلاث مراحل: مرحلة النشأة، وتقدر بالقرون الأربعة الهجرية الأولى، ثم مرحلة التطور التي امتدت بين القرن الرابع والقرن الثامن، وختاما مرحلة الانتشار التي بدأت منذ القرن التاسع حتى يومنا هذا.
النتائج: انتهى البحث إلى رسم صورة عامة محورية لتاريخ القراءات القرآنية في الجزيرة العربية، مبرزا دور أهم أقاليمها في هذا الباب، وسلط الضوء على عموم المسألة، وتخفف من السرد التاريخي المشبع بالأعلام والأخبار، على نحو ما تزخر به كتب الطبقات والرجال، كما نبه على بعض المؤثرات التي رافقت رحلة القراءات في الجزيرة العربية منذ العصر النبوي إلى يومنا هذا.
التوصيات: يوصي البحث الدارسين والباحثين بتتبع تاريخ انتشار القراءات القرآنية في الأقاليم والأمصار الإسلامية الأخرى، للإسهام في رسم خارطة شاملة لهذا الموضوع.
عدم التحرز وأثره في إيجاب الضمان في الفقه الإسلامي
Authors: الزيادات عماد عبد الحفيظ 
Published: August 2022

الأهداف: يهدف البحث إلى بيان مفهوم التحرز، وتحديد طبيعة التصرفات التي يكون لعدم التحرز أثر في إيجاب الضمان فيها. مع بيان أثر التحرز في إيجاب الضمان، وتطبيقه في حوادث السير.
المنهجية: تقوم الدراسة على المنهجين؛ المنهج التحليلي: وذلك من خلال تحليل أقوال الفقهاء ونصوصهم للوصول إلى الأحكام الفقهية الراجحة في المسائل المطروحة للدراسة. والمنهج المقارن: وذلك للمقارنة بين الأقوال الفقهية في المسائل التي تحتاج إلى ذلك.
النتائج: توصلت الدراسة لجملة من النتائج، منها: إن مجال إعمال مبدأ عدم التحرز المؤثر في وجوب الضمان هو ارتكاب المحظورات بطريق الخطأ؛ وإن لعدم التحرز أثرا واضحا في إيجاب الضمان، فلا يضمن الجاني ما لا يمكنه التحرز عنه، وما أمكنه التحرز عنه إذا كان متحرزا إلا أن للمجني عليه أثراً قوياُ في إحداث الضرر.
التوصيات: يوصي البحث الجهات المعنية في الدولة بتقنين الأحكام المتعلقة بالضمان وتفريعاته تقنيناً دقيقاً، بالاعتماد على أحكام الفقه الإسلامي التي تعد مصدراً خصباً للتشريعات التي عالجت قضايا الضمان والتفصيلات الدقيقة المتعلقة به.
الشعر الجاهلي في ضوء المنهج الاسطوري
Authors: كاظم ملكه علي 
Published: August 2022

المنهج بوصفه منظومة من التصورات المعرفية لايستمد فاعليته وحقوله الاجرائية من فراغ انما يستمدها من شبكة من الخطوط المنهجية المتظافرة ، لذا كان تحديد الناقد لمنهجه انما يمثل الزاوية الفنية التي سينطلق منها في تحليل النص الالبداعي ، وليس الفصل التام او تفضيل منهج على منهج آخر ، والحقيقة ان النقد العربي ما يزال بحاجة الى جهود كبيرة للارتقاء بهذا المنهج وتقويم سبله، وقد جاء هذا البحث بوصفه جزءاَ كبيرا من دراسة اكثر عمقاَ وتحولاَ في هذا المجال وما زال في مرحلة البحث والاعداد.