bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of clinical and economic burden of surgical site infection in patients undergoing caesarian section at a tertiary care teaching hospital in India
Authors: Hirani Shilpa , Trivedi Niyati A. , Chauhan Janki , Chauhan Yash 
Published: June 2022

Background
Caesarian section is one of the most commonly performed surgeries in India. Determination of the incidence as well as the clinical and financial burden of post caesarian surgical site infection (SSI), is of critical importance for all the stakeholders for rational and fair allocation of resources.

Methods
This study was a prospective observational case-control study. The mean direct and indirect cost of treatment for the cases were compared with the control patients. An unpaired t-test was used to compare the mean between the two groups.

Results
Out of 2024 patients, who underwent caesarian section during the study period, 114 had acquired incisional surgical site infection (ISSI), with the infection incidence being 5.63%. The total cost of illness due to post caesarian ISSI was almost three times higher compared to the non-infected matched control group. (P<0.0001). An average length of hospital stay in the ISSI patient group was 10 days longer than that in the control group (P<0.0001) and importantly total length of antimicrobial therapy(LOT) in patients with ISSI was also almost three times higher than the control group (P<0.0001).

Conclusion
The development of post caesarian SSI imposes a significant clinical as well as a financial burden. The study highlights the necessity of taking effective preventive measures to decrease the incidence of SSI.
Detection of Fusobacterium nucleatum DNA in primary care patient stool samples does not predict progression of colorectal neoplasia
Authors: Aitchison Alan , Pearson John F. , Purcell Rachel V. , Frizelle Frank A. , Keenan Jacqueline I. 
Published: June 2022

Background
Carriage of certain bacterial species may represent potential biomarkers of colorectal cancer (CRC). Prominent among these is Fusobacterium nucleatum. We explored the association of F. nucleatum DNA in stool samples with the presence of colonic neoplastic lesions in a cohort of primary care patients, and compared our findings with those from an unrelated cohort of colonoscopy patients followed clinically over time.

Methods
Carriage rates of F. nucleatum in stool samples were assessed in 185 patients referred for a faecal immunochemical test (FIT) by their general practitioners (GPs). Comparisons were made with stool samples from 57 patients diagnosed with CRC and 57 age-matched healthy controls, and with tissue samples taken at colonoscopy from 150 patients with a decade of subsequent clinical follow-up.

Findings
F. nucleatum DNA was found at a high rate (47.0%) in stool samples from primary care patients, and more often in stool samples from CRC patients (47.4%) than in healthy controls (7.0%), (P = 7.66E-7). No association was found between carriage of F. nucleatum and FIT positivity (P = 0.588). While evidence of stool-associated F. nucleatum DNA was significantly more likely to indicate a lesion in those primary care patients progressed to colonoscopy (P = 0.023), this finding did not extend to the progression of neoplastic lesions in the 150 patients with a decade of follow up.

Conclusion
The finding of F. nucleatum DNA at similar rates in stool samples from patients diagnosed with CRC and in primary care patients with pre-cancerous lesions supports growing awareness that the presence of these bacteria may be a biomarker for increased risk of disease. However, molecular evidence of F. nucleatum did not predict progression of colonic lesions, which may lessen the utility of this bacterium as a biomarker for increased risk of disease.
Drawing on Religion: Reading and the Moral Imagination in Comics and Graphic Novels, Ken Koltun-Fromm (2020)
Authors: Hancock Rae 
Published: June 2022

Review of: Drawing on Religion: Reading and the Moral Imagination in Comics and Graphic Novels, Ken Koltun-Fromm (2020)
University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press,
ISBN 978-0-271-08775-7, p/bk, £27.95
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA APLICADA À PESQUISA SOBRE IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS: MÉTODO MULTI VALUE QUALITATIVE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS (MVQCA)
Authors: Tolentino Barbosa Sheila Cristina 
Published: June 2022

Objetivo: descrever e explorar a aplicabilidade e adequação do método Multi Value Qualitative Comparative Analysis (mvQCA) à pesquisa de aspectos da implementação de políticas públicas, mais especificamente na descrição de uma tipologia de coordenação interorganizacional na implementação de programas públicos federais, com foco na produção de conhecimento sobre métodos comparativos que possam lidar com desafios típicos da pesquisa em ciências sociais, como é o caso da complexidade causal e a diversidade de variáveis envolvidas na análise de políticas públicas.
Metodologia: Envolve estratégia qualitativa do tipo análise de conteúdo, via estudo de caso, no qual foi aplicada a mvQCA. O caso estudado trata da descrição de uma tipologia de coordenação inteorganizacional na implementação de programas públicos federais.
Resultados: O resultado desta análise sinaliza a adequação do método aos estudos de políticas públicas em especial em contextos múltiplas variáveis e em desenhos metodológicos que integrem métodos coadjuvantes.
Implicação prática e fator de originalidade: a análise aqui empreendida demonstra o potencial do método mvQCA para viabilizar o emprego de estruturas analíticas complexas e a construção de tipologias empíricas na pesquisa acerca da implementação de políticas públicas.
Awareness Regarding Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance among Health Care Professionals and Lay Persons
Authors: Tilesh Turankar  , Shilpa A. Gaidhane  , Priti Abhay Karadbhajane  , Sonali G. Chaudhari  , Abhay M. Gaidhane  , Shantanu Raju Sawale  
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND
Globally antimicrobial resistance is rising, and the Indian scenario is also similar to antimicrobial awareness. The study literature on awareness regarding antimicrobial resistance in public is less in quantity. This study was designed to determine the awareness of antimicrobial resistance and appropriate antimicrobial use among health care professionals and laypersons.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study was performed at a rural tertiary care hospital in Central India and included junior residents, interns and nurses, patients, and their relatives. Survey tool and data questionnaire were provided to participants in English and Marathi.
RESULTS
Total 384 people were enrolled as study participants. Health care professionals have more ideas than laypersons regarding antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance. Comparison of knowledge of antimicrobial resistance among hospital staff, patients and their relatives was done. The quantitative measurement of awareness of antimicrobial resistance took place with the help of this study. We were able to find out the prevalence of awareness of antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance.
CONCLUSIONS
This study showed a comparison between study participants for knowledge about antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use regarding factors like education, hand hygiene, income and those working in fields like agriculture, hospital, etc. There is a need to frame policies to prevent excessive use of antimicrobials and increase awareness about the knowledge of antimicrobial resistance in common people. If the knowledge of infection prevention and control (IPC) is well-known to everyone, the antimicrobial resistance will not be left for the treatment.
Comparative Study of DIPSI and WHO (2018) Criteria for Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Savita Bharat Konin  , Shweta Navnath Ghadge  
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND
Gestational diabetes mellitus is defined as carbohydrate intolerance with onset/recognition during pregnancy. There is an increase in incidence worldwide with a range of 0.4 - 10 %. Gestational Diabetes is often asymptomatic and associated with increased foetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Over the years there have been many controversies regarding the best screening and diagnostic test for GDM. The testing for GDM by appropriate method at the earliest detects women who need treatment with either diet alone or a combination of diet with insulin therapy. This helps in the prevention of maternal morbidity and mortality. Hence, an appropriate screening test for GDM has been much emphasized. This study was done to compare the non-fasting diabetes in pregnancy study group of India (DIPSI) criteria with the fasting state of the WHO 2018 for the diagnosis of GDM in our hospital setting.
METHODS
With this background, we conducted a single centric, prospective, observational study in our tertiary care hospital, after obtaining permission from the Institutional Ethics Committee. In this study, we enrolled 200 patients attending obstetric OPD in Basaveshwar teaching and general hospital and Sangameshwar hospital attached to Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College, Kalaburagi with gestational age 24 – 28 weeks as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All participants were then subjected to screening and diagnostic tests as per DIPSI and WHO 2018 criteria.
RESULTS
Prevalence of GDM was 12.5 % in WHO 2018 group when compared to 10.5 % in the DIPSI group. The specificity of the DIPSI method in detecting GDM was 98 %. The highest incidence of GDM was observed in the age group of 26-30 yrs. Incidence of the highest prevalence of GDM was observed with BMI > 25 kg/m2. We studied the co-relation between GDM with DIPSI and WHO 2018. True positive 16, False Negatives 9, True Negatives 179, False Positive 05.
CONCLUSIONS
Screening with DIPSI has 98 % specificity compared. DIPSI being a one-step procedure offers both a screening and diagnostic test for GDM. It avoids the need for multiple hospital visits, and multiple blood samples.
Layer recurrent neural network-based diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease using voice features
Authors: Senturk Zehra Karapinar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), a slow-progressing neurological disease, affects a large percentage of the world’s elderly population, and this population is expected to grow over the next decade. As a result, early detection is crucial for community health and the future of the globe in order to take proper safeguards and have a less arduous treatment procedure. Recent research has begun to focus on the motor system deficits caused by PD. Because practically most of the PD patients suffer from voice abnormalities, researchers working on automated diagnostic systems investigate vocal impairments. In this paper, we undertake extensive experiments with features extracted from voice signals. We propose a layer Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based diagnosis for PD. To prove the efficiency of the model, different network models are compared. To the best of our knowledge, several neural network topologies, namely RNN, Cascade Forward Neural Networks (CFNN), and Feed Forward Neural Networks (FFNN), are used and compared for voice-based PD detection for the first time. In addition, the impacts of data normalization and feature selection (FS) are thoroughly examined. The findings reveal that normalization increases classifier performance and Laplacian-based FS outperforms. The proposed RNN model with 300 voice features achieves 99.74% accuracy.
Early development of Gongolaria montagnei (Fucales, Phaeophyta) germlings under laboratory conditions, with a view to enhancing restoration potential in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Lardi Polytimi Ioli , Varkitzi Ioanna , Tsiamis Konstantinos , Orfanidis Sotiris , Koutsoubas Drosos , Falace Annalisa , Salomidi Maria 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The loss of Mediterranean macroalgal populations dominated by Cystoseira sensu lato is driven by a multitude of pressures. In the eastern Mediterranean Sea, climate change and the establishment of Lessepsian herbivore species have further intensified the ongoing decline of these canopy-forming algae. Knowledge of the reproductive phenology, embryology and growth of Cystoseira species is the first step towards successful reforestation measures. Gongolaria montagnei is one of the most common canopy-forming algal species with a wide horizontal and vertical distribution along the Greek coasts. Mature receptacles were collected from Saronikos Gulf (Aegean Sea), and germlings were cultured in mesocosms for 34 days, reaching up to 1.30 mm in length. Divisions and early developmental stages of G. montagnei are described and possible implications for future restoration efforts are discussed. A new approach to growth rate modeling, based on surface measurements of embryos and germlings is presented.
Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on idiopathic central precocious puberty – experience from an Indian centre
Authors: Mondkar Shruti A. , Oza Chirantap , Khadilkar Vaman , Shah Nikhil , Gondhalekar Ketan , Kajale Neha , Khadilkar Anuradha 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Owing to increase in referrals for precocity observed during COVID-19 lockdown, this study was conducted to estimate the proportion of patients referred for precocity and within these, those with idiopathic central precocious puberty (iCPP) before vs. during the COVID lockdown, and to assess the differences in anthropometric and clinical characteristics among iCPP patients in the two groups.

Methods
Retrospective study conducted at a tertiary level paediatric endocrinology centre (Western India) evaluating proportion of referrals for precocity and comparing demographics, anthropometry, pubertal staging and bone age at presentation among children with iCPP divided into two groups (pre-lockdown-group 1, lockdown-group 2).

Results
During lockdown, 155 (5.1%; 146 girls) of 3,053 referrals for precocity as opposed to 59 (1.4%; 54 girls) of 4,208 before the lockdown (p<0.05) were seen; increase was higher in girls (p<0.05). Proportion of referrals for iCPP was significantly higher in the lockdown (4.4%; 136 children vs. 1%; 44 children in group 2) among both genders. Mean age at first visit was 7.8 ± 1.3 and 8.2 ± 1.2 years in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Mean height, weight, BMI and height minus mid-parental height Z scores were not significantly different between the groups. Children in group 2 had a significantly advanced mean bone age (10.7 ± 2 years) and difference in bone and chronological ages (2.5 ± 1.2 years) as compared to group-1 (9.7 ± 1.9; 1.9 ± 1.2) and a larger proportion presented in late puberty.

Conclusions
We found an increase in the referrals for precocious puberty and an increase in number of children diagnosed with iCPP during COVID lockdown.
The Troubling Relationship between Pleasure and Universality in Kant’s Impure Aesthetic Judgements
Authors: Phillips James 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Kant calls judgements of adherent beauty impure aesthetic judgements because they presuppose the empirical concept of the object and are thus not determined exclusively by a feeling of pleasure. Glossed over in Kant’s account is what kind of universality these judgements have. This article argues that the subjective universality of pure aesthetic judgements and the objective universality of cognitive judgements do not merge in impure aesthetic judgements and that the tension between them reaches also into Kant’s pure aesthetic judgements with their unstable relations between the pleasure of the a priori harmony of the faculties and the empirical object named beautiful. Pleasure, which for Kant is communicable while nonetheless not being discursive, is always to some extent lost for words.
FAMÍLIAS DE CLASSES MÉDIAS NA ESCOLA PÚBLICA: DA ESCOLHA ÀS ESTRATÉGIAS DE PARTICIPAÇÃO
Authors: Nogueira Maria Alice , Resende Tânia de Freitas , Coutinho Priscila 
Published: June 2022

O artigo focaliza uma realidade atípica no Brasil e pouco contemplada no debate educacional do país: a experiência de famílias de camadas médias com filhos em escolas públicas. Insere-se no campo da sociologia das relações família-escola, mais especificamente, dos estudos sobre escolarização nas camadas médias. Os dados empíricos foram obtidos em uma escola pública municipal de Belo Horizonte que, por sua reputação, atrai um número significativo de famílias de camadas médias. Foram realizadas observações participantes de reuniões da Comissão de Famílias, criada por iniciativa de um grupo de mães, além de entrevistas com mães que integravam a Comissão. Reforçando estudos internacionais e nacionais sobre o tema, os resultados evidenciam que ter os filhos na escola pública gera ansiedade e tensão para essas famílias. Elas buscam administrar a situação por meio da escolha criteriosa do estabelecimento de ensino e do desenvolvimento de um conjunto de estratégias que visam minimizar os riscos dessa opção e assegurar a formação desejada para a prole.
Stem education and the learning of mathematics in vulnerable populations
Authors: Cuéllar-Guarnizo Jairo Alberto , Hernández-Álvarez Wilmer , Gutiérrez-Cárdenas Marco Antonio , Vega-Santofimio Hayley Dahiana 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: This article is the product of a project developed by UNIMINUTO in the nineth grade of the Educational Institution Simón Bolivar in “La Nohora” neighbourhood of the Villavicencio - Colombia, this project was executed during 2017 and 2018.
Problem: The problem is the low academic performance of students in mathematics, in addition to multiple possible adverse situations they face as a vulnerable population.
Objective: The objective is to have a positive impact on the academic performance of the students.
Methodology: In the strategy development, STEM education was used to support the learning of math through six sessions were carried out your own classroom. The students solved challenges by programming robots.
Results: Complete each challenge had an important attitudinal impact on the students, the joy and satisfaction of them were an unexpected result. A previous knowledge test was carried out at beginning and at the end of the sessions a formative test was applied too. Afterwards, the results of both tests were compared to evidence improvements in the students' mathematical skills.
Conclusions: It was possible to provide the target population with an alternative to understand issues mistakenly considered difficult and to propose important playful and didactic moments in cognitive development.
Originality: This article shows an educational innovation that the team of researchers will continue to apply. through new projects that allow financing the purchase of equipment and the logistics of the workshops.
Limitations: Lack of strategic alliances that allow financing more meetings with students and the acquisition of more robots.
Appraisal of selected themes on the impact of international standards on labour and social security law in South Africa
Authors: Tshoose Itumeleng 
Published: June 2022

For many years, South African courts have relied on International Labour Organisation (hereafter ‘the ILO’) conventions to interpret and give meaning to the fundamental social security and labour law rights enshrined in the Constitution, 1996. Social security and labour law has been one of the ILO's major initiatives of promoting decent work agenda since its inception in 1919. Decent work refers to the availability of employment in conditions of freedom, justice, security and human dignity. This is a multidimensional concept introduced by the ILO in 1999. It has four key components: employment conditions, social security, workplace rights and social dialogue. To this end, the preamble to the ILO Constitution sets out a number of objectives in this regard, including the protection of workers from illness, accidents, the protection of children, women, and the support of the elderly. The ILO pursues these noble values ​​by developing international labour and social security standards, which member states must ratify and incorporate into their national law. The purpose of these ILO standards is to provide a standard framework or regulatory tool to guide member states in establishing, improving and maintaining social security and labour law systems domestically, regionally and internationally. Against this background, this article examines selected themes on the impact of international standards on labour and social security rights enshrined in the Constitution. It looks at some of the relevant international instruments which have influenced the promotion and protection of these rights. Furthermore, it discusses the application of these standards in domestic courts, and shows how the courts have infused these standards into their judgments.
Evaluation of The Knowledge and Awareness of Anemia in Medical Faculty Students and Family Physicians
Authors: ÇAKAR Emirhan , GÜMÜŞTAKIM Raziye Şule , KUŞ Celal 
Published: June 2022

Objective: Anemia is an important health problem in the world and our country. Family medicine has an important place in the healthcare system in terms of diagnosis of anemia, treatment of anemia, and screening of pathologies that cause anemia. This study aimed to evaluate the awareness of family physicians and faculty of medicine students about the importance of anemia and to measure their knowledge and experience in terms of their competence in diagnosing anemia.
Material and Methods: Our study is cross-sectional and descriptive. In our study, the population for the students was determined to be 314 students in the 4th-5th-6th grade of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Medical Faculty. The population of family physicians is determined as 206, which is the number of active family physicians in the city center of Kahramanmaraş. With the simple random sampling method, with a 5% margin of error and 95% confidence interval, the sample was calculated as 174 for students and 135 for family physicians, and the total sample number was 309.
Results: The study included 80 general practitioners,24 specialist family physicians,31 assistant family physicians, 27 4th grade,76 5th grade, and 71 6th grade medicine students. The average age was 26.8±4.7. While those with the best knowledge of anemia were specialists and assistant family physicians (p