bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of Ambient Light Intensity vs Spectral Contents of Short Wavelength on Refractive Development in Young Rabbits
Authors: Tang Xiuping , Tang Zhijin , Zou Yunchun , Fan Haobo , Hussan Aadila 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background:The aim of this study was to compare the effects of manipulating lighting levels versus manipulating the short wavelength contents of ambient lighting on refractive development in young rabbits. Methods: A total of 32 healthy 3-week-old rabbits were randomly assigned to one of four groups with 8 in each group. Normal blue at normal illuminance (control, NC) group and normal blue at high illuminance lighting (HI) group were exposed to light emitted by ordinary LED lamps with low content in the short wavelength range. High-blue at high illuminance(Simulating natural light, S-NL) group and high-blue at normal illuminance (High-blue, HB) group were exposed to the light with high content in the short wavelength range provided by ordinary LED and blue LED lamps. The approximate mean illuminance (in human lux) on the cage floor was (NC:341lux, HI:5057lux, HB:342lux, S-NL: 5051lux). Refractive error, axial dimensions and corneal curvature radius were assessed by retinoscopy, ultrasonography and keratometry, respectively. Average data of both eyes for each animal were compared across groups.Results: During the intervention, all animals had an emmetropization period. The refractive development of HI group was similar to S-NL group, both significantly slower than that of HB and NC group (p<0.001). While the decrease of group refraction in HB paralleled to the control group (p=0. 381). At the 12th week, the group refraction of S-NL(3.000±0.267D) was similar to HI (3.250±0.267D), more hyperopic than HB(2.219±0.281D) and NC (1.938±0.291D). The vitreous chamber depth of S-NL (7.421±0.168mm) was shorter than HB (7.785±0.230mm) and NC (7.825±0.313mm), similar to that of HI group(7.264±0.256mm). The other components were less effected by light conditions(p＞0.05). Conclusions: Extrapolated from rabbits, these findings suggest that high illuminances per se but not the rich in short wavelengths determine the inhibitory effect of ambient lighting on myopia after increasing time outdoors.
Pump-controlled retrograde trial off for weaning from adult veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation – a retrospective observation cohort
Authors: LAU Fung Ming , CHAN Wai Kit , MOK Yuen Tin , LAI Peter Chi Keung , MA Sin Kwan Tammy , CHAN Wai Ming , NGAI Chun Wai , SIN Wai Ching , KWOK Wai Ling Phyllis , YU Kin Yip , NG Pauline Yeung 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe optimal strategy of weaning veno-arterial (V-A) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) remains poorly described. Pump-controlled retrograde trial off (PCRTO) involves serial decremental pump revolutions until a retrograde flow from the arterial to venous ECMO cannula is achieved. It has been reported as a feasible weaning strategy in the pediatric population, but its application in adults has not been widely reported.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study including all adult patients who underwent PCRTO during weaning from V-A ECMO at a tertiary ECMO center between January 2019 and July 2021. Hemodynamic characteristics during PCRTO and clinical outcomes were reported. The clinical and echocardiographic parameters of successful and unsuccessful PCRTO runs were compared.Results A total of 57 runs of PCRTO in 36 patients were analyzed – 45 (78.9%) of the trials were successful. The median blood flow rate during PCRTO was 0.6 L/min, and the median duration of PCRTO was 240 minutes in the successful group compared with 35 minutes in the unsuccessful group. Patients who tolerated the trial had higher systolic blood pressure (105 vs 96 mmHg, p=0.042) and mean arterial pressure (78 vs 63 mmHg, p=0.008) at the end of PCRTO. The left ventricular outflow tract velocity-time integral measured during PCRTO was greater in the successful group (17.5 vs 12.9 cm, p=0.021).Of the 35 patients who had at least one session of successful PCRTO, 31 (88.6%) ultimately underwent ECMO decannulation. In adjusted analysis, baseline alanine aminotransferase (OR 8.16, 95% CI 1.31-50.9, p=0.025) and serum creatinine (OR 7.15, 95% CI 1.04-49.2, p=0.046) were significantly associated with increased probability of successful PCRTO.ConclusionsPCRTO is a feasible strategy for trialing off V-A ECMO with a low risk of adverse events and high rate of predicting eventual successful ECMO decannulation. Laboratory parameters that reflect the degree and recovery of end-organ ischemic injury were useful for predicting a successful PCRTO. The application of PCRTO should be studied in multi-centered studies.
Design of a self-stable and population-controllable co-culture system in E. coli and its applications
Authors: Chen Hao , Liu Qun , wang Xuanlin , Liu Weifeng , Tang Shuang-Yan , Li Shizhong , Lin Baixue , Tao Yong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Modular co-culture engineering has been applied to divide labor among different strains in the biomanufacturer of substances through complicated metabolic pathways. However, dynamic instability, uncontrollable population ratios, and lack of mathematical models have hindered its further application. In this study, we built a mathematical model and used it to design a self-stable co-culture system with adjustable population ratios of two engineered Escherichia coli strains. As an indicator product, the yield of chlorogenic acid was successfully increased by 16.5% by adjusting the population ratio in the system. This system provides a robust and scalable production platform for modular co-culture engineering. The co-culture system was confirmed to be a symbiotic system with high carbon atom economy for acetyl-CoA-derived chemicals by optimization of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate production, which was 2.82-fold higher than it was for wild-type E. coli. The conversion rate of glucose to poly-β-hydroxybutyrate also was 3.19-fold higher in the co-culture system. Our results provide new insights into possible future applications of co-culture systems.
Trans-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analyses of hippocampal and subfield volumes
Authors: Yu Chunshui , Liu Nana , Zhang Longjiang , Tian Tian , Cheng Jingliang , Zhang Bing , Qiu Shijun , Geng Zuojun , Cui Guangbin , Zhang Quan , Liao Weihua , Yu Yongqiang , Zhang Hui , Gao Bo , Xu Xiaojun , Han Tong , Yao Zhenwei , QIN WEN , Liu Feng , Liang Meng , Xu Qiang , Fu Jilian , Xu Jiayuan , Zhu Wenzhen , Zhang Peng , Li Wei , Shi Dapeng , Wang Caihong , Lui Su , Yan Zhihan , Chen Feng , Li Jiance , Zhang Jing , Wang Dawei , Shen Wen , Miao Yanwei , Xian Junfang , Gao Jia-Hong , Zhang Xiaochu , Li Mulin Jun , Xu Kai , Zuo Xi-Nian , Wang Meiyun , Ye Zhaoxiang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The hippocampus is critical for memory and cognition and neuropsychiatric disorders, and its subfields differ in cytoarchitecture, function and disease vulnerability. The genetic architectures of hippocampal and subfield volumes have been studied in individuals of European ancestry; however, the results cannot explain for inter-ancestry differences in their associations with cognitive abilities and brain disorders. Here, we conduct trans-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analyses in 65,821 individuals for hippocampal volume and 39,007 for subfield volumes, including 7,039 individuals of East Asian ancestry. We identify 539 locus-trait associations at P < 5×10− 8 for 44 hippocampal volumetric traits, including 161 novel associations and 41 novel loci. Trans-ancestry analysis improves the precision of fine-mapping mainly caused by the inter-ancestry difference in linkage disequilibrium and can enhance the prediction performance of polygenic scores in under-represented population by including hundreds of individuals from this population. Genetic variants associated with hippocampal and subfield volumes are enriched for neurogenesis and Wnt signaling and also affect cognition, emotion and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and depression. Our results highlight the value of trans-ancestry analysis in the investigation of genetic architectures of human traits.
RNeuMark: A Riemannian EEG Analysis Framework for Neuromarketing
Authors: Georgiadis Kostas , Kalaganis Fotis P. , Oikonomou Vangelis P. , Nikolopoulos Spiros , Laskaris Nikos A. , Kompatsiaris Ioannis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Neuromarketing exploits neuroimaging techniques so as to reinforce the predictive power of conventional marketing tools, like questionnaires and focus groups. Electroencephalography (EEG) is the most commonly encountered neuroimaging technique due to its non-invasiveness, low-cost and its very recent embedding in wearable devices. The transcription of brainwave patterns to consumer attitude is supported by various signal descriptors, while the quest for profitable novel ways is still an open research question. Here, we suggest the use of sample covariance matrices as alternative descriptors, that encapsulate the coordinated neural activity from distinct brain areas, and the adoption of Riemannian geometry for their handling. We first establish the suitability of Riemannian approach for neuromarketing related problems and then suggest a relevant decoding scheme for predicting consumers’ choices (e.g. willing to buy or not a specific product). Since the decision-making process involves the concurrent interaction of various cognitive processes and consequently of distinct brain rhythms, the proposed decoder takes the form of an ensemble classifier that builds upon a multi-view perspective, with each view dedicated to a specific frequency band. Adopting a standard machine-learning procedure, and using a set of trials (training data) in conjunction with the associated behavior labels (“buy”/ “not buy”), we train a battery of classifiers accordingly. Each classifier is designed to operate in the space recovered from the inter-trial distances of SCMs and to cast a rhythm-depended decision that is eventually combined with the predictions of the rest ones. The demonstration and evaluation of the proposed approach are performed in two neuromarketing related datasets of different nature. The first is employed to showcase the efficacy of the suggested descriptor, while the second to showcase the decoder’s superiority against popular alternatives in the field.
Health and Safety Status of Health Professionals and Associated Factors During Covid-19 Pandemic in Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Gidisa Bedasa , Feleke Hanna , Mengistie Bezatu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction:
Healthcare professionals around the world are at risk of contracting an infectious disease. The Corona Virus Disease 19 epidemic has had a profound effect, especially on hospitals and health workers. However, at the national level in Ethiopia, there is a lack of data on the current state of health and safety of health care professionals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the state of health and safety and the associated characteristics of health professionals in public hospitals during the COVID-19 epidemic.
Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine the occupational health and safety of health professionals and associated factors, at selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa during the Corona Virus Disease 19 pandemic.
Methodology:
An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted From January 1 to January 30, 2022, for 360 participants. A simple random technique was used to select study participants. Data were collected using self-administered questioners and entered into Epi info version 3.1 before being exported to SPSS Software (version 23) for analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify significant variables and control confounding factor. The strength of the association was measured using an adjusted odds ratio with a 95 percent confidence interval at a 5% level of significance. A P-value < 0.05 indicated a significant relationship between factors.
Result
Out of a total of 360 study participants, 73.6% (95%Confidence Interval [CI] = 68.9–78.3) had good occupational health and safety status. Work experiences(Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 1.8, 95%Confidence Interval[CI] = 1.12–3.2), Availability of Proper facemasks to wear during patient contact (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 3, 95%Confidence Interval[CI]: 1.7–5.2), the presence of cleaning and disinfection agents (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 2, 95%Confidence Interval[CI] = 1.11–3.7), availability of water and hand washing facilities (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 2, 95%Confidence Interval[CI] = 1.1–3.4), training on health and safety (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 1.8, 95%Confidence Interval[CI] = 1.13–3.2) were significantly associated with occupational health and safety status of health professionals. Conclusion: The findings indicated that occupational health safety status was generally good in the study area. However, the availability of personal protective equipment, availability of water and hand washing facilities, availability of cleaning and disinfectants, and the provision of health and safety training for health professionals still need to be improved because lack of these predictors decrease occupational health and safety status of health professionals and increase the risk of infections at work place.
As good as human experts in detecting plant roots in minirhizotron images but efficient and reproducible: The Convolutional Neural Network “RootDetector”
Authors: Peters Bo , Blume-Werry Gesche , Gillert Alexander , Schwieger Sarah , von Lukas Uwe Freiherr , Kreyling Juergen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plant roots influence many ecological and biogeochemical processes, such as carbon, water and nutrient cycling. Because of difficult accessibility, knowledge on plant root dynamics in field conditions, however, is fragmentary at best. Minirhizotrons, i.e. transparent tubes placed in the substrate into which specialized cameras are inserted, facilitate the capture of high-resolution images of root dynamics at the soil-tube interface with little to no disturbance after the initial installation. Their use, especially in field studies with multiple species and heterogeneous substrates, though, is limited by the amount of work that subsequent manual tracing of roots in the images requires. Furthermore, the reproducibility and objectivity of manual root detection is questionable. Here, we use a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for the automatic detection of roots in minirhizotron images and compare the performance of our RootDetector with human analysts with different levels of expertise. The minirhizotron data stem from various wetland types on organic soils. RootDetector showed a high capability to correctly segmenting root pixels in minirhizotron images from field observations (F1 = 0.6044; r² compared to a human expert = 0.99). Reproducibility among humans, however, depended strongly on expertise level, with novices showing drastic variation among individual analysts and annotating on average almost 3-times higher root length/cm² per image compared to expert analysts. Analyses with RootDetector save resources, are reproducible and objective, and are as accurate as manual analyses performed by human experts.
A programmable CRISPR-based light-up RNA stabilizer for fluorogenic RNA imaging
Authors: Fan Ze , Liu Fei , Wang Fenglin , Chu Xia , Jiang Jian-Hui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Live cell imaging of RNAs and dynamics is crucial for understanding their functions and pathological roles. However, fluorogenic imaging of endogenous RNAs remains a challenge. Here, we report the design of a programmable CRISPR-based light-up RNA stabilizer (LUSTER) that enables fluorogenic imaging of endogenous RNAs without the need for genetically inserted tags. We show that dCas9 can bind and stabilize the otherwise degraded extended guide RNAs (gRNAs). A light-up aptamer-embedded, mis-folded gRNA is designed to restore the dCas9-binding conformation in response to target RNAs and to provide fluorogenic signals from the dCas9-stabilized gRNA for RNA imaging. Our system is universally applicable for quantitative detection and dynamic imaging of diverse RNA targets, including mRNA detection, single-molecule RNA imaging, cytosolic or nucleic RNA localization imaging, and RNA-induced transcriptional activation in mammalian cells. The programmability and general applicability of the LUSTER system highlight its broad utility in RNA biology and theranostics.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs About Acute Coronary Syndrome Among Patients Diagnosed With Acute Coronary Syndrome, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Demisse Lemlem , Alemayehu Bekele , Addissie Adamu , Azazh Aklilu , Gary Rebecca 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) morbidity and mortality is increasing in low to middle income countries (LMICs) such as Ethiopia. The shift in resources from managing communicable diseases to chronic conditions have brought about formidable health care challenges.Objective. the objective of this study was to examine the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs among ACS patients.Methods. Cross-sectional design was used to enroll participants admitted to one of 3 emergency units (EU) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about ACS was measured using modified ACS response index questionaries.Results. Participant’s (N=330) mean age was 57.9 ± 14.1, majority male (n= 219, 66.36%). Half of the study participants have inadequate Knowledge (n=147, 44.6%), unfavorable attitudes (n=152, 46 %), and belief (n=153, 46.4%) about ACS symptoms even after being diagnosed and treated in the EU. The most frequently recognized ACS symptoms were chest discomfort (n= 274, 83%), fatigue (n=267, 80.9%) and chest pain (n=266, 80.6%) while Jaw pain (n=101, 30%) neck pain (n=146,44.2%), were less often recognized. Nearly two thirds of the participants (n=214, 65 %) would not prefer to use emergency medical services (EMS) to come to the hospital. Factors associated with adequate knowledge were age < 45 (AOR= 2.16, CI (1.1-4.0) p=0.014), and female sex (AOR= 2.7, CI (1.5-4.4) p= 0.001) and diabetics (AOR=1.9, (1.18-3.0) p= 0.008). Meanwhile, lack of formal education (AOR=6.7, CI (3.1-14) p<0.001) and unemployment (AOR=2.0, CI (1.1-3.8) p=0.021) were associated with unfavorable attitude. In addition, lack of social support (AOR=1.9, (1.17-3.0) p=0.009) and unfavorable attitude (AOR=2.1, CI (1.3-3.4) P=0.001) were significantly associated with unfavorable belief.Conclusion. Despite receiving treatment for ACS in an EU, roughly half of participants did not have adequate knowledge, favorable attitude and belief towards ACS. This elucidates there is significant communication gap between the health care providers and patients. The study findings stipulate there is a need to provide health awareness campaigns using different media outlet with special attention to the uneducated and unemployed groups. Furthermore, most participants were less likely to utilize EMS, which should be further investigated and addressed.
Global patterns in human exposure to greenspace: Contrasting inequality between cities of the South and North
Authors: Chen Bin , Wu Shengbiao , Song Yimeng , Webster Chris , Xu Bing , Gong Peng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The United Nations specified the need for “providing universal access to greenspace for urban residents” in the 11th Sustainable Development Goal. Yet, how far we are from this goal remains unclear in the global context. Here, we developed a methodology incorporating fine-resolution population and greenspace mappings and used the results for 2020 to elucidate global differences in human exposure to greenspace, specifically at country, state, county, and city levels. We identified a contrasting pattern of greenspace exposure between Global South and North cities. Global South cities (14.39%) enjoy only one third of the greenspace exposure level of Global North cities (45.84%), even though the South cities are generally located in more rural countries. Greenspace exposure inequality (Gini index: 0.47) in Global South cities is nearly twice that of Global North cities (Gini index: 0.27). The spatial disparity is largely associated with differences in urban greenspace landscape (R2 = 79%). We quantified that 22% of the variation in greenspace exposure inequality is associated with greenspace provision, and that 53% is associated with the joint effect of greenspace provision and spatial configuration. These findings support the idea that urban green is, in economic terms, a normal good, with supply increasing with income, and our analysis is the first to reveal the global pattern of its deficit among urbanized parts of the planet. The results highlight the need for prioritizing greening policies and actions to mitigate environmental disparity and achieve sustainable development goals.
Simulation Models To Assess Exposure Levels Of Lead In Blood Plasma And Saliva
Authors: Majinyali Boniphace E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Human exposure to metals has been among major concerns of the world and there have been links to cancer, renal failure, cardiovascular and reproductive complications. There has been conflicting information regarding the efficiency of blood plasma and saliva when used as biomarkers in biomonitoring of human exposure to lead metals. Using the Joint Expert Speciation System, the bioavailability of lead was predicted at a range of 78-93 % in blood plasma and 2-23 %. The degree of bioavailability using a net-neutral species was dependent on the total concentrations of lead within low molecular mass ligands. These models predicted more bioavailability of lead in blood plasma than saliva, indicating blood plasma to be a suitable biomarker for biomonitoring of lead exposure even at low levels. This study offers regulatory and health authorities opportunities to consider using blood bioavailability data when assessing and making decisions on lead exposure assessments.