bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving memorability using Emojis in a shoulder surfing resistant authentication method
Authors: Amer Mohamed Mahrous Mahrous , Kam Yvonne Hwei-Syn , Elkhedrawi Aiman Hussein 
Published: March 2022

Background: Emojis are icons that are familiar and fun to add pizzazz and colour to communication. They have also been used in authentication where the emojis form memorable pictogram story-like passwords. Emojis, which are graphical, are in general vulnerable to shoulder surfing attacks (SSAs). This paper studies whether graphics such as emojis offer better memorability than numerics when implemented in a shoulder-surfing resistant authentication method. Thus, the proposed method aims to meet both needs of being shoulder-surfing resistant as well as being memorable. Methods: In this paper, a SSA resistant method (DragPIN) is used as a reference system on which to implement emojis in place of numerics. Additionally, a new feature, cue questions was implemented for added security. In the proposed method, users composed emoji-based stories using personalised cue questions that served as memory aids. Moreover, these self-chosen cue questions were less comprehensible to shoulder-surfing observers. There were two variants of the DragPIN method, manual and automatic-sliding. To compare the differences, both the reference configuration and modified versions based on the proposed method were implemented. Thirty people participated in user testing. A pre- and post-survey appraised user experience. User testing and survey on both methods and their variants for performance, memorability, and usability were performed. Results: All implementations successfully resisted shoulder surfing. The time taken for login in the manual variant using the proposed methodology was shorter than using the reference method. After four to six weeks, login performance taking into account intermediate failures was better for the proposed method (86.7-91.7%) than the reference method (76.7-78.3%). Hypothesis testing also showed significance in the results. This could point to higher memorability in the proposed method. Conclusion: The study provides testing of emoji-based compared to PIN-based implementation in authentication. Emoji-based stories may form memorable passwords while personalised cue questions may aid memorability.
A Grounded Theory Study on Motivational Development After Detours in Young Adulthood – How Extra-Vocational Training Affects Aspirations
Authors: Landberg Monique , Noack Peter 
Published: March 2022

Context: In the present study, we explore what motivates young adults to re-engage with education or employment after a period of non-engagement. Insights into this process facilitate the implementation of tailored support measures for at-risk groups. It is well-known that young people who are not involved in any kind of education, employment, or training face further risks to their professional and psychological development. Methods: Using a grounded theory approach, interviews with young adults from various educational tracks were analyzed, compared, and contrasted. The sample was focused mainly on apprentices in extra-vocational training and professionals working with young people to describe the process of re-engaging in detail (n = 30). Findings: Our analyses suggested that frustrating prior experiences and offers to participate in government-funded vocational training prompted motivation to learn an occupational skillset. Undergoing an apprenticeship enabled young adults to develop the motivation to finish vocational training and to plan on further education.Conclusion: The implications of these results as they pertain to Germany's labor market policies, which foster a sense of individual responsibility to facilitate the achievement of professional success, are discussed. Furthermore, the implications for supporting further educational aspirations when working with young adults are discussed.
The relationship between body mass index and neurologic outcomes in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest treated with targeted temperature management
Authors: Bang Hyo Jin , Park Kyu Nam , Youn Chun Song , Kim Han Joon , Oh Sang Hoon , Lim Jee Yong , Song Hwan , Kim Soo Hyun , Jeong Won Jung , Kim Hyo Joon ,   on behalf of the Korean Hypothermia Network Investigator
Published: March 2022

Background
The association of body mass index with outcome in patients treated with targeted temperature management (TTM) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of body mass index (BMI) on neurological outcomes and mortality in resuscitated patients treated with TTM after OHCA.

Methods
This multicenter, prospective, observational study was performed with data from 22 hospitals included in the Korean Hypothermia Network KORHN-PRO registry. Comatose adult patients treated with TTM after OHCA between October 2015 and December 2018 were enrolled. The BMI of each patient was calculated and classified according to the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO). Each group was analyzed in terms of demographic characteristics and associations with six-month neurologic outcomes and mortality after cardiac arrest (CA).

Results
Of 1,373 patients treated with TTM identified in the registry, 1,315 were included in this study. One hundred two patients were underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), 798 were normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), 332 were overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2), and 73 were obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). The higher BMI group had younger patients and a greater incidence of diabetes and hypertension. Six-month neurologic outcomes and mortality were not different among the BMI groups (p = 0.111, p = 0.234). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that BMI classification was not associated with six-month neurologic outcomes or mortality. In the subgroup analysis, the underweight group treated with TTM at 33°C was associated with poor neurologic outcomes six months after CA (OR 2.090, 95% CI 1.010–4.325, p = 0.047), whereas the TTM at 36°C group was not (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.249–3.112, p = 0.843).

Conclusions
BMI was not associated with six-month neurologic outcomes or mortality in patients surviving OHCA. However, in the subgroup analysis, underweight patients were associated with poor neurologic outcomes when treated with TTM at 33°C.
Impact of smoking status and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on pulmonary complications post lung cancer surgery
Authors: Jeganathan Vishnu , Knight Simon , Bricknell Matthew , Ridgers Anna , Wong Raymond , Brazzale Danny J. , Ruehland Warren R. , Rahman Muhammad Aziz , Leong Tracy L. , McDonald Christine F. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
Smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with an increased risk of post-operative pulmonary complications (PPCs) following lung cancer resection. It remains unclear whether smoking cessation reduces this risk.

Methods
Retrospective review of a large, prospectively collected database of over 1000 consecutive resections for lung cancer in a quaternary lung cancer centre over a 23-year period.

Results
One thousand and thirteen patients underwent curative-intent lobectomy or pneumonectomy between 1995 and 2018. Three hundred and sixty-two patients (36%) were ex-smokers, 314 (31%) were current smokers and 111 (11%) were never smokers. A pre-operative diagnosis of COPD was present in 57% of current smokers, 57% of ex-smokers and 20% of never smokers. Just over 25% of patients experienced a PPC. PPCs were more frequent in current smokers compared to never smokers (27% vs 17%, p = 0.036), however, no difference was seen between current and ex-smokers (p = 0.412) or between never and ex-smokers (p = 0.113). Those with a diagnosis of COPD, independent of smoking status, had a higher frequency of both PPCs (65% vs 35%, p<0.01) and overall complications (60% vs 40%, p<0.01) as well as a longer length of hospital stay (10 vs 9 days, p<0.01).

Conclusion
Smoking and COPD are both associated with a higher rate of PPCs post lung cancer resection. COPD, independent of smoking status, is also associated with an increased overall post-operative complication rate and length of hospital stay. An emphasis on COPD treatment optimisation, rather than smoking cessation in isolation, may help improve post-operative outcomes.
A qualitative exploration of mental health knowledge among pediatric health professionals in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Al-Yateem Nabeel , Rossiter Rachel , Subu Muhammad Arsyad , Slewa-Younan Shameran , Azizur Rahman Syed , Dias Jacqueline Maria , Al-Marzouqi Amina 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundMental health literacy (MHL) is an essential competency for all healthcare professionals. In the United Arab Emirates, previous studies reported a low level of MHL among healthcare professionals working with vulnerable populations such as children and adolescents with chronic illnesses. Further in-depth exploration is necessary to build understanding of beliefs and knowledge about mental illness among pediatric health professionals.MethodsWritten narratives exploring mental health knowledge were collected from pediatric nurses and analyzed using content analysis. These written narratives were extracted from responses to open-ended questions embedded in a questionnaire completed as part of previous studies. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research were followed in reporting this study.ResultsThe overarching theme that emerged from the data was that nurses struggled to negotiate the complexities of psychological distress and mental illness. Two overlapping sub-themes were identified: (1) professional knowledge was incomplete, confused, and lacking in clarity and (2) professional knowledge was impacted by cultural beliefs and stigma. A third sub-theme reflected how participants identified with others’ suffering and felt powerless to help themselves or others. Participants described stress and mental exhaustion.ConclusionsParticipants’ narratives were characterized by struggles arising from insufficient knowledge, confusion, and deeply-held cultural and religious beliefs. Therefore, they were unable to resolve the conflict between professional knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about mental illness and stigma arising from cultural and religious beliefs/attitudes. Culturally-specific education is needed for healthcare professionals that addresses contextual, cultural, and religious factors impacting on stigma while actively supporting the healthcare workforce and enabling access to mental health services.
Transcutaneous Electrical Acustimulation Improves Constipation by Enhancing Rectal Sensation in Patients With Functional Constipation and Lack of Rectal Sensation
Authors: Xiao Ye , Xu Feng , Lin Lin , Chen Jiande D.Z. 
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Reduced rectal sensation is involved in the pathophysiology of constipation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of transcutaneous electrical acustimulation (TEA) at acupuncture point ST36 on constipation and rectal sensation as well as autonomic functions in patients with constipation and reduced rectal sensation.

METHODS:
In an acute study, anorectal motility and sensation tests were performed in constipation patients (N = 53) who were treated with TEA at ST36 or sham points. In a chronic study, patients (N = 18) underwent 2 weeks of TEA or sham-TEA in a crossover design.

RESULTS:
Chronic TEA increased spontaneous bowel movements (3.72 vs 2.00 per week with sham-TEA, P < 0.0001) and significantly reduced constipation symptoms and increased quality of life in comparison with sham-TEA (P < 0.05). Acute TEA reduced the sensation threshold in response to rectal distention for the urge of defecation and maximum tolerable volume (P < 0.05, vs baseline); chronic TEA reduced the sensation thresholds for first sensation and desire of defecation, and decreased the threshold volume to an elicit rectal anal inhibitory reflex (P < 0.05). Both acute and chronic TEA increased parasympathetic activity (P < 0.05).

DISCUSSION:
TEA at ST36 improves chronic constipation by enhancing rectal sensation possibly mediated by the reinforcement of parasympathetic activity in patients with functional constipation and reported lack/absence of rectal sensation.
Dimensional stability of cement paste and concrete subject to early-age carbonation curing
Authors: Xian Xiangping , Logan Chad , Shao Yixin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEarly-age carbonation curing of concrete is receiving more interest in terms of performance improvement and emission reduction. However, the volume change of cement-based products subject to carbonation curing may become a concern because of the potential carbonation shrinkage and its related shrinkage cracking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dimensional stability of cement paste and concrete subject to the early-age carbonation curing. It was found that the carbonation curing introduced first an initial shrinkage due to water evaporation upon gas injection and then generated an expansion due to CO2 uptake and carbonate precipitation. As carbonation proceeded, the deformation was switched to a secondary shrinkage after expansion. The residual deformation due to carbonation curing was shrinkage in cement paste samples and expansion in concrete samples. This was because the relative expansion due to carbonate precipitation in paste was not large enough to compensate for the shrinkage caused by water loss. However, for concrete samples, the introduction of aggregates reduced the pore spaces in concrete, leading to an expansion owing to the limited precipitation. The results of carbon dioxide uptake, XRD, and SEM analysis confirmed that calcium carbonate formation played a critical role in the relative expansion. The study also showed that cement-based products were more resistant to weathering carbonation after the early-age carbonation curing. After 61-day weathering carbonation exposure, both paste and concrete samples exhibited carbonation shrinkage as a result of carbonation of hydration products. However, the magnitude of shrinkage was much smaller in carbonation curing than in weathering carbonation because of the short period of exposure. Both carbonations did not significantly affect the compressive strength of carbonated products. Carbonation curing likely makes concrete products more dimensionally stable in the long-term service.
ANALISIS SURVIVAL DENGAN COX PROPORTIONAL HAZARD PADA KASUS DEMAM TIFOID
Authors: Baisaku Nurul Azizah , Jajang Jajang , Nurhayati Nunung 
Published: March 2022

A common problem found in survival data is the presence of censored data. The length of hospitalization of Typhoid fever patients until declared cured is one of example of this data. Here, we use Cox regression model to analysis this data. Partial likelihood is one of the methods of estimating parameters for Cox regression model. In many cases of censored data, two objects (patients) have the same length of hospitalization (ties). Therefore, to estimate the parameters of the model must use the right method. Here we used partial likelihood Breslow, Efron, and Exact methods. The study was motivated by how the three methods performed for Cox regression model. The data used for the implementation of these methods is length of hospitalization of Typhoid fever patients at Mekar Sari Hospital-Bekasi in 2020. Based on AIC criteria, we found that exact method is the best model (minimum AIC) for parameter estimation of Cox regression model. Referring to the Cox regression model by using a significance level of 10%, there are five predictor variables that affects the length of patient hospitalization. The five variables are age, vomiting, dirty tongue, hemoglobin, and leukocyte.Keywords: Typhoid fever, Cox regression, Breslow method, Efron method, exact method.MSC2020: 62N02, 62N03
Causes of Open Defecation in East Java Province in 2018
Authors: Hadi Shalikul , Megatsari Hario 
Published: March 2022

Background: Open defecation (OD) is a sanitation problem that can have a negative impact on health. Open defecation can have a bad impact on sanitation this poor sanitation can then trigger various diseases. Objective: This study aims to find out the factors related to the behavior of open defecation (OD) in Regency/City communities of East Java Province in 2018. Methods: Ecological approach based on secondary data published by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, East Java Provincial Health Office, and the Central Statistics Agency of East Java Province of 38 districts/cities in East Java Province were included in this study. This study examined the percentage of healthy latrine users with 4 other independent variables, namely the percentage of facilities that met the available requirements, the percentage of villages that applied Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS), the prevalence of diarrhea cases, and the percentage of illiteracy rates. Data were analyzed using cross tabulation with SPSS. Results: There were still several districts/cities in East Java Province that had not used latrines when defecating, most of them were in districts/cities with inadequate facilities, low percentage of villages willing to implement CLTS, low percentage of illiteracy, and moderate diarrhea prevalence. Conclusion: Based on these results, it can be concluded that the factors of the availability of facilities, education, compliance with CLTS implementation, and the prevalence of diarrhea have a relationship with the percentage of latrine users in districts/cities in East Java Province. The results of this study can be used by local stakeholders to make health-based policies as an effort to reduce open defecation.
Information Communication and Education Strategy of Muhammadiyah Covid-19 DKI Jakarta Province Toward Behavioral Change
Authors: Khoiriyah Rizqiyani , Handayani Sarah , Herman Rustika 
Published: March 2022

Background: Muhammadiyah members are the information communication and education (ICE) strategy segments from Muhammadiyah COVID-19 Command Center (MCCC). MCCC aims to deliver education and campaign programs to control COVID-19 specialized for the Muhammadiyah members. Objective: This research aims to determine social marketing strategies through the effectiveness of the MCCC website in changing Muhammadiyah members' behavior in Jakarta Province. Methods: This research was quasi-experimental with a non-randomized control group design. The sampling technique was accidental sampling, with 50 people in the intervention group and 50 in the control group. For one week, the intervention was to provide COVID-19 prevention material in PDFs, videos, and links sourced from the MCCC website. Results: The results show a significant difference in scores of behavior before and after website media intervention (p-value = 0.015). There was no significant difference before and after (p-value = 0.331). Conclusion: The intervention of media sourced from the MCCC website was able to impact the adaptation of Muhammadiyah members DKI Jakarta.
Drug Consumption Rooms: Welfare State and Diversity in Social Acceptance in Denmark and in France
Authors: Houborg Esben , Jauffret-Roustide Marie 
Published: March 2022

Drug consumption rooms (DCRs) have the potential to have a positive impact on the opioid overdose crisis. DCRs could also potentially change the political environment for public health because they can affect the distribution of responsibility for harm reduction between the individual and society by collectivizing responsibility for harm reduction through welfare regimes. The methodology is based on 2 case studies—1 in Copenhagen, Denmark, and 1 in Paris, France—about residents, people who inject drugs (PWID), and politicians’ experiences of DCRs involving semidirective interviews. Denmark has a long history of harm-reduction policy, and the implementation of DCRs in Copenhagen has happened through close collaboration between local authorities and the local community. France is far more centralized and paternalistic in terms of the distribution of authority and decision-making in welfare and drug policy. Difficulties in cohabitation between local residents and PWID happened in both countries and can sometimes make public authorities hesitate to implement DCRs because of the NIMBY (“not in my backyard”) phenomenon. However, the Danish and French case studies show that DCRs have the potential to become an instrument for civic cohabitation as well as to contribute to the destigmatization and health of PWID. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S2):S159–S165. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306808 )
Streamline Tracing and Applications in Dual-Porosity Dual-Permeability Models
Authors: Onishi Tsubasa , Tanaka Shusei , Chen Hongquan , Kam Dongjae , Xie Jiang , Wang Zhiming , Wen Xian-huan , Datta-Gupta Akhil 
Published: March 2022

Summary
Streamline-based methods have proven to be effective for various subsurface flow and transport modeling problems. However, the applications are limited in dual-porosity and dual-permeability (DPDK) system due to the difficulty in describing interactions between matrix and fracture during streamline tracing. In this work, we present a robust streamline tracing algorithm for DPDK models and apply the new algorithm to rate allocation optimization in a waterflood reservoir.
In the proposed method, streamlines are traced in both fracture and matrix domains. The interfluxes between fracture and matrix are described by switching streamlines from one domain to another using a probability computed based on the ratio of interfluxes to total fluxes within the domain. The approach is fundamentally similar to the existing streamline tracing technique and can be utilized in streamline-assisted applications, such as flow diagnostics, history matching, and production optimization.
The proposed method is benchmarked with a finite volume (FV)-based approach where grid-based time-of-flight (TOF) distributions were obtained by solving the stationary transport equation. We first validated our method using simple examples. Visual TOF comparisons as well as tracer concentration and allocation factors at wells show good agreement. Next, we applied the proposed method to field-scale models to demonstrate the robustness. The results show that our method offers reduced numerical artifacts and better represents reservoir heterogeneity and well connectivity with subgrid resolutions. The proposed method is then used for rate allocation optimization in DPDK models. A streamline-based gradient-free algorithm is used to optimize net present value (NPV) by adjusting both injection and production well rates under operational constraints. The results show that the optimized schedule offers significant improvement in recovery factor, NPV, and sweep efficiency compared to the base scenario using equal rate injection and production. The optimization algorithm is computationally efficient, as it requires only a few forward reservoir simulations.
A novelty of this work is the streamline tracing algorithm in DPDK reservoir models. The proposed method is simple and easy to implement to existing streamline-based frameworks and is applicable to field-scale reservoir models for flow diagnostics and rate allocation optimization.