bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CsPbBr3/graphene nanowall artificial optoelectronic synapses for controllable perceptual learning
Authors: Yue Zengji , Li Runze , Dong Yibo , Qian Fengsong , Yang Xieyi , Chen Xi , Zhang Qiming , Gu Min 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The rapid development of neuromorphic computing has stimulated extensive research interest in artificial synapses. Optoelectronic artificial synapses using laser beams as stimulus signals have the advantages of broadband, fast response, and low crosstalk. However, the optoelectronic synapses usually exhibit short memory duration due to the low lifetime of the photo-generated carriers. It greatly limits the mimicking of human perceptual learning, which is a common phenomenon in sensory interactions with the environment and practices of specific sensory tasks. Herein, a heterostructure optoelectronic synapse based on graphene nanowalls and CsPbBr 3 quantum dots was fabricated. The graphene/CsPbBr 3 heterojunction and the natural middle energy band in graphene nanowalls extend the carrier lifetime. Therefore, a long half-life period of photocurrent decay - 35.59 s has been achieved. Moreover, the long-term optoelectronic response can be controlled by the adjustment of numbers, powers, wavelengths, and frequencies of the laser pulses. Next, an artificial neural network consisting of a 28 × 28 synaptic array was established. It can be used to mimic a typical characteristic of human perceptual learning that the ability of sensory systems is enhanced through a learning experience. The learning behavior of image recognition can be tuned based on the photocurrent response control. The accuracy of the image recognition keeps above 80% even under a lowfrequency learning process. We also verify that less time is required to regain the lost sensory ability that has been previously learned. This approach paves the way toward high-performance intelligent devices with controllable learning of visual perception.
Imaging modality-dependent carotid stenosis severity variations against intravascular ultrasound as a reference: Carotid Artery intravasculaR Ultrasound Study (CARUS)
Authors: Tekieli Lukasz , Kablak-Ziembicka Anna , Dabrowski Wladyslaw , Dzierwa Karolina , Moczulski Zbigniew , Urbanczyk-Zawadzka Malgorzata , Mazurek Adam , Stefaniak Justyna , Krupinski Maciej , Przewlocki Tadeusz , Odrowaz-Pieniazek Piotr , Musialek Piotr 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose

Different non-invasive and invasive imaging modalities are used to determine carotid artery stenosis severity as a principal parameter in clinical decision-making. We compared stenosis degree obtained with different modalities against intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).

Methods

300 consecutive patients (age 47–83 years, 192 men, 68% symptomatic) with carotid artery stenosis of “≥50%” referred for potential revascularization received as per study protocol (i) duplex ultrasound (DUS), (ii) computed tomography angiography (CTA), (iii) invasive quantitative angiography (iQA) and (iv) the vascular imaging gold standard, IVUS. Correlation of measurements with IVUS (r), proportion of those concordant (within 10%) and proportion of under/overestimated were calculated along with recipient-operating-characteristics (ROC).

Results

For IVUS area stenosis (AS) and IVUS minimal lumen area (MLA), there was only a moderate correlation with DUS velocities (peak-systolic, PSV; end-diastolic, EDV; r values of 0.42–0.51, p < 0.001 for all). CTA systematically underestimated both reference area and MLA (80.4% and 92.3% cases) but CTA error was lesser for AS (proportion concordant-57.4%; CTA under/overestimation 12.5%/30.1%). iQA diameter stenosis (DS) was found concordant with IVUS in 41.1% measurements (iQA under/overestimation 7.9%/51.0%). By univariate model, PSV (ROC area-under-the-curve, AUC, 0.77, cutoff 2.6m/s), EDV (AUC 0.72, cutoff 0.71m/s) and CTA-DS (AUC 0.83, cutoff 59.6%) were predictors of ≥ 50% DS by IVUS (p < 0.001 for all). Best predictor, however, of ≥ 50% DS by IVUS was iQA densitometry (AUC 0.87, cutoff 68%, p < 0.001). On multivariate model, however, CTA came as the sole independent non-invasive diagnostic modality (p = 0.008).

Conclusion

IVUS validation shows significant imaging modality-dependent variations in carotid stenosis severity determination.
Direct visualization of dark exciton condensates in moiré superlattices
Authors: Liu Huan , Wang Jiangcai , Chen Shihong , Sun Zejun , Xu Haowen , Han Yishu , Wang Chong , Liu Huixian , Huang Li , Liu Dameng , Luo Jianbin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Moiré superlattices have emerged as an unprecedented manipulation tool for engineering correlated quantum phenomena in van der Waals heterostructures1-4. With moiré potentials as a naturally configurable solid-state that sustains high exciton density, interlayer excitons in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) heterostructures are expected to achieve high-temperature exciton condensation and related superfluidity5. However, the exciton condensation is usually optically inactive due to the finite momentum of interlayer excitons. The experimental observation of dark exciton condensation in moiré potentials remains challenging with traditional optical techniques. Here we directly visualize the dark-exciton condensation in twisted TMDC heterostructures using femtosecond transient absorption microscopy. We observe a quantum transition from classical exciton gas to exciton condensation by imaging temperature-dependent exciton transport. With decreasing temperature, exciton diffusion rates exhibit an accelerating downwards trend under a critical degeneracy temperature, indicative of exciton condensation. This result is attributed to moiré potentials drastically suppressing exciton transport to promote exciton condensation. The ability to image exciton condensates opens the door to quantum information processing6 and high-precision metrology in moiré superlattices.
Age and sex dependent inhalation doses for different human organs from indoor thoron and radon progeny concentration
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Kumar Ajay , Mehra Rohit 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the assessment of health effects due to inhalation of radon and thoron progeny aerosols, particle size is one of the most influential parameters. Therefore, the present work aimed at deposition of inhaled particles in different body organs (bone surfaces, spleen, breast, stomach, kidneys, lungs, liver, and ET airways) from radon and thoron progeny concentration were calculated taking into account eight age and sex groups for the inhibitors of Reasi district, Jammu & Kashmir, India. The estimated age dependent mean doses for different body organs due to inhalation of radon progeny through air for all age groups varied between 1.05E-08 and 0.08 n Svy− 1 and due to inhalation of thoron progeny varied between 7.72E-08 and 6.52E-04 Svy− 1 which were found to be well within the recommended limit of 1000 µSvy− 1(ICRP 2010). The percentage contribution of thoron progeny dose is negligible for spleen, brain, stomach ULI, and LLI, respectively and contributes only 1–4% to bone surfaces, kidneys, and liver for all age groups. However, The percentage contribution of radon progeny dose is negligible for all body organs except lungs and ET airways, respectively. A good positive correlation has been observed between all radon and thoron progeny concentrations.
Safety evaluation of an anti-haemorrhoid (pile) herbal recipe (locally called ‘agbo jedi-jedi’) of southwestern Nigeria using animal genetic assays
Authors: AKINBORO AKEEM , Ibrahim Asiata , Muhammed Jemilat , Oloyede Hamidah , Alimi Rofiat 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background In this study, an anti-haemorrhoid herbal recipe containing bark ofAlstonia booneiand dried cloves -Syzygium aromaticumwas investigated for cytogenotoxicity, mutagenicity and histopathological effects following the micronucleus and sperm morphology assays using Swiss albino rats. The rats were administered anti-haemorrhoid herbal recipe at 25.0%, 50.0% and 100.0%, while distilled water and 0.05% sodium azide were the negative and positive controls, respectively. Phytochemicals in the herbal recipe were elucidated using the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) techniques. Results In the treated rats, there was increase in body weight, cells division inhibition, micronucleated erythrocytes (MNPCEs & MNNCEs) and abnormal sperm cells were significantly induced at 100.0% (P < 0.05), whereas 25.0% promoted cell division. The herbal recipe at 50.0% and 100.0% did not cause any histopathological damages on the liver, kidney and testis except 25.0%. Polyphenolics, terpenoids and alkaloids were detected in the anti-haemorrhoid herbal recipe which could be cytotoxic, clastogenic and spermatotoxic at a high concentration (100.0%). Conclusion These results necessitate regulation and control of consumption of this anti-haemorrhoid herbal recipe by people through the authorized government agencies in Nigeria.
The Selective Inhibitory Effect of Silver Nitroprusside Nanoparticles on Breast Tumor Growth
Authors: Fernandes Daniela Silvestrini , Jayme Cristiano Ceron , Matsuo Flavia Sayuri , de Lima Sarah Caroline Gomes , Fantacini Daianne Maciely Carvalho , de Souza Lucas Eduardo Botelho , Tedesco Antonio Claudio 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A number of different metallic nanoparticles have been extensively investigated in recent years based on their diverse potential in biomedical and cancer applications, antibacterial activity, and chemical properties. Here, silver nitroprusside nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared from silver nitrate and sodium nitroprusside, and their anticancer activity was evaluated. AgNPs were prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (DRX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In vitro tests were performed using two breast cancer cell lines, including a non-malignant breast epithelial cell line (MCF-10A) and a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The results obtained through cytotoxicity assays (MTT and resazurin) and bright-field microscopy revealed that AgNPs (3.0 mg/mL) exhibited specific selectivity for non-malignant breast epithelial cells. They were toxic to tumorigenic cells (MCF-7) with a lower selective toxicity to non-malignant breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A). In vivo imaging system (IVIS) imaging demonstrated the antitumor activity of AgNPs (3.0 mg/mL) compared to that of the control, and this was confirmed through histological analysis without any potential systemic toxicity. These results suggest that AgNPs possess potential anticancer applications in breast cancer treatment.
Beyond Model Splitting: Preventing Label Inference Attacks in Vertical Federated Learning with Dispersed Training
Authors: Wang Yilei , Lv Qingzhe , Zhao Minghao , Sun Yuhong , Ran Lingkai , Li Tao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Federated learning is an emerging paradigm that enables multiple organizations to jointly train a model without revealing their private data. As an important variant, vertical federated learning (VFL) deals with cases in which collaborating organizations own data of the same set of users but with disjoint features. It is generally regarded that VFL is more secure than horizontal federated learning. However, recent research (USENIX Security’22) reveals that it is still possible to conduct label inference attacks in VFL, in which attacker can acquire privately owned labels of other participants; even VFL constructed with model splitting (the kind of VFL architecture with higher security guarantee) cannot escape it. To solve this issue, in this paper, we propose the dispersed training framework. It utilizes secret sharing to break the correlations between the bottom model and the training data. Accordingly, even if the attacker receives the gradients in the training phase, he is incapable to deduce the feature representation of labels from the bottom model. Besides, we design a customized model aggregation method such that the shared model can be privately combined, and the linearity of secret sharing schemes ensures the training accuracy to be preserved. Theoretical and experimental analyses indicate the satisfactory performance and effectiveness of our framework.
A closer look at third-party punishment under the risk of counterpunishment: An effect of additional material (and not social) costs
Authors: Toribio-Flórez Daniel , Cypris Niklas , Brüggemann Marie , Şeker Firat , Baumert Anna 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Previous work has pointed to the anticipated reaction of the perpetrator of a norm violation (i.e, counterpunishment) as a main discouraging factor of third-party punishment. To date, the only experimental study addressing the impact of counterpunishment (Balafoutas et al., 2014) demonstrated that, indeed, the likelihood of third-party punishment decreased under the risk of counterpunishment. However, the underlying mechanisms of counterpunishment remain unclear. The present research examined two non-mutually exclusive accounts. The effect of counterpunishment could be due to a) the additional material costs counterpunishment imposes on third parties (additional cost account), and/or b) the explicit interpersonal conflict counterpunishment entails, and which people might try to avoid (antagonism aversion account). In two studies (Ns = 443, 1662), we experimentally disentangled these two accounts by comparing the decrease in third-party punishment under risk of counterpunishment and under risk of an algorithm imposing an equivalent cost on third-party punishment. Relative to a baseline condition, third-party punishment similarly decreased across the two experimental conditions (Studies 1 and 2). Importantly, this decrease depended on the magnitude of counterpunishment (Study 2). Our results suggest that, despite the social nature of counterpunishment, its effect should be understood as an effect of material costs on third-party punishment.
Genomics prominent role of the PAX family in Tumorigenesis Running Title: The PAX family in Tumorigenesis
Authors: Choudhury Shouhartha 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

The tumour in the brain is a glial cell origin. Tumour factors govern cell fate during development. Murine PAX family control the transcription of embryonic cell lineages and contribute an immense role during development. PAX1-PAX9 genes assist the origination of neural crest in the NS (nervous system). Also, paired-box-associated genes emerged with numerous derivatives during neurogenesis. So, the tumorigenesis in CNS suggested a novel molecular signature found among factors in neurogenesis. An early study demonstrated the paired-box domain involved genes degraded by molecular and immunogenic mechanisms in tumours such as Wilms tumour, Rhabdomyosarcoma, Brain tumour, and Lymphoma. The paired-box domain-mediated genes in tumour development are the subject of rigorous investigation of proliferation and prevention of apoptotic strategy. Therefore, I performed a genome-wide analysis to prevail enlightenment of PAX domains in the mammalian genome. In this study, I observed paired-box domains containing genes in two different organisms (i.e. Homo sapiens and Mus musculus). In this document, my analysis data provided that the PAX domain-containing genes promote a unique group of proto-oncogenes. Also, the analysis data suggested PAX3 (target gene) and the number of PAX domain-initiated genes in the PAX family. My observation concluded the PAX domain-containing genes control the equilibrium between growth and polarity in multifunctional cells. The normal functions of the PAX3 gene might be a feature of tumour biology. In contrast, the fusion genes (PAX3 and FOXO1) potentially target for cancer-immunotherapy.
Kinetics Investigation of Cis-Trans Isomerization Reaction of Azobenzene in Ionic Liquids: Role of Viscosity and Polarity
Authors: Thawarkar Sachin , Udavant Rohini , Warangule Amol , Borude Kailash , Huge Kishor , Khupse Nageshwar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We have examined the kinetic of cis to trans isomerization of azobenzene in different classes of ionic liquids. The role of rate controlling properties of ionic liquids such as polarity and viscosity were investigated in cis to trans isomerization of azobenzene and substituted azobenzene. Two classes of imidazolium protic and aprotic ionic liquids were used in this study and having broad range in polarity and viscosity of these ionic liquids. The polarity of ionic liquids directed the isomerization through the stabilization of polar transition state while viscosity plays role in the force of friction the rotation mechanism. Rate of isomerization is higher in more polar bromide based ionic liquids compared to low polar [BF4]- based ionic liquids and also rate of isomerization in polar protic ionic liquids is higher than polar aprotic ionic liquids. The effect of viscosity is restricted to particular series of ionic liquids either of [BF4]- or Br- series, however, polarity of ionic liquids very important in stabilization of polar transition state of azobenzene. In the case of substituted azobenzene based ionic liquids, inversion mechanism is more prominent due to the presence of ester as electron withdrawing group on azobenzene. Interestingly, rate of isomerization of substituted azobenzene in low alkyl chain [bmIm]+ and [hmIm]+ based ionic liquids is depends on polarity and viscosity while in higher alkyl chain [omIm]+ ionic liquids, the isomerization of azobenzene is depend on the structural orientations. From the temperature dependent kinetic study, it is observed that the isomerization of azobenzene is enthalpically favorable.
Vibrio pathogenicity island and phage CTX genes in Vibrio alginolyticus isolated from different aquatic environments
Authors: Khouadja Sadok , Roque Ana , Gonzalez Mar , Furones Dolors 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the presence of four Vibrio cholerae virulence genes (ctxA, VPI, Zot and ace) in 36 Vibrio alginolyticus isolates obtained from different seawater, sediments and aquatic organisms. We tested the virulence of 13 V. alginolyticus strains against juveniles of Sparus aurata and this virulence was correlated with the presence of V. cholerae virulence genes. A positive amplification for the virulence pathogenicity island was produced by five V. alginolyticus strains and four for cholerae toxin. Some of the V. alginolyticus strains are pathogenic to aquatic animals and might have derived their virulence genes from V. cholerae. V. alginolyticus strains can be considered as a possible reservoir of V. cholerae virulence genes.
Effects of inorganic arsenic species on the antioxidant enzyme system of the Amazon Sword Plant (Echinodorus amazonicus Rataj)
Authors: Şener İdris , Yabanlı Murat , Yozukmaz Aykut 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study aims to examine the effects of Arsenite (As+3) and Arsenate (As+5) on the aquatic macrophyte Amazon Sword Plant (Echinodorus amazonicus Rataj). To this aim, different concentrations of As+3 and As+5 (0, 6, 18 and 54 μM) were analyzed. At the end of the trail, photosynthetic pigment contents, total protein amounts, the enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT) activities and the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the leaf samples of E. amazonicus were investigated. The antioxidant enzyme activities increased at low concentrations (32.13% for SOD, 185% for CAT and 201.5% for POX in the groups of 6 μM As+5), but decreased at high concentrations (64.98% for SOD, 21.64% for CAT and 21.29% for POX in the groups of 54 μM As+3). MDA increased in all the treatment groups. The highest MDA contents were observed as 96% for 54 μM As+3 and 71.50% for 54 μM As+5. Photosynthetic pigment contents and the amount of protein were decreased with higher concentrations. The most significant decreases in protein content were 65% for 54 μM As+3 and 34.9% for 54 μM As+5. As a result, the toxicity of As+3 was higher and the toxic effect increased at higher concentrations.
Using plant data to estimate biodegradable COD fractions – case study kwaMashu WWTP
Authors: Brouckaert Barbara , Brouckaert Christopher , Singh Akash , Pillay Kaverajen , Flores-Alsina Xavier , Ikumi David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A modelling study is under way in preparation for a planned upgrade of the capacity of the kwaMashu WWTP in eThekwini, South Africa, from 50 to 80 ML/d. When the configuration of an existing plant is to be changed, the most critical part of the model calibration is the influent wastewater fractionation. However, the constantly varying characteristics of wastewater make experimental determination of an adequately representative set of components difficult, time-consuming and expensive, which constitutes significant barriers to the adoption of modelling by many municipalities. Compliance and process monitoring generate large sets of influent measurements of chemical oxygen demand (COD), free and saline ammonia (FSA), total suspended solids (TSS), etc., but these are insufficient for modelling purposes. In particular, biodegradability is not routinely measured. However, since influent fractionation is designed to predict the fate of material in the wastewater treatment process, it should be possible to infer the fractionation from a combination of influent and plant measurements. This case study demonstrates the application of a pair of modelling tools, a probabilistic influent fractionator and a simplified steady‑state plant‑wide model, to estimate the influent fractionation, together with certain unmeasured or unreliable operational parameters.