bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Well‐Defined Conjugated Reticular Oligomer “Blood Cells” and Conducting Polymer “Neurons” Constructing “Muscle”‐Biomimetic Electrocatalysts for Water Electrolysis
Authors: Zhang Boying , Liu Haining , Zhai Pengda , Zhang Ruijuan , Wang Wenbo , Khangale Phathutshedzo , Hildebrandt Diane , Liu Xinying , Qiao Shanlin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) provide a tunable platform for water electrolysis. However, it is difficult to perform explicitly structural characterization for COFs due to the uncontrollable polymerization via the solvothermal method, which hinders the clear‐cut exploration of the COFs’ structure‐performance relationship in further applications. Here, the well‐defined conjugated reticular oligomers (CROs) are designed for the first time using an aqueous micellar strategy. The CROs have definite chemical structure and can be regarded as conjugated oligomers or defect‐free COFs segment. Using CROs and conducting polymer, three “muscle”‐biomimetic electrocatalysts are engineered for splitting water to H2 and O2. The self‐assembled “muscle”‐like structures guarantee fully exposed active sites, fast electron conduction and mass transfer (H2O/H2/O2). The “muscle”‐biomimetic poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)/CROs‐Ru exhibit superior electrochemical performance than the COFs‐Ru. In particular, the mass activity and turnover frequency (TOF) value of PEDOT/CROOH‐8‐Ru are ≈95 and 38 times that of the counterpart bulk Py‐COFOH. The theoretical calculation and the experimental results demonstrate that the CROs endow the electrocatalyst with an electron‐rich surface and enhance carrier mobility. The enhanced water electrolysis activity of CROs‐Ru can be attributed to the Schottky heterojunction suppressing the electron backflow, which facilitates the adsorption of hydrogen protons and hydroxides.
Synergistic Surface Modification of Tin–Lead Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Hu Shuaifeng , Zhao Pei , Nakano Kyohei , Oliver Robert D. J. , Pascual Jorge , Smith Joel A. , Yamada Takumi , Truong Minh Anh , Murdey Richard , Shioya Nobutaka , Hasegawa Takeshi , Ehara Masahiro , Johnston Michael B. , Tajima Keisuke , Kanemitsu Yoshihiko , Snaith Henry J. , Wakamiya Atsushi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInterfaces in thin‐film photovoltaics play a pivotal role in determining device efficiency and longevity. In this work, the top surface treatment of mixed tin–lead (≈1.26 eV) halide perovskite films for p–i–n solar cells is studied. Charge extraction is promoted by treating the perovskite surface with piperazine. This compound reacts with the organic cations at the perovskite surface, modifying the surface structure and tuning the interfacial energy level alignment. In addition, the combined treatment with C60pyrrolidine tris‐acid (CPTA) reduces hysteresis and leads to efficiencies up to 22.7%, with open‐circuit voltage values reaching 0.90 V, ≈92% of the radiative limit for the bandgap of this material. The modified cells also show superior stability, with unencapsulated cells retaining 96% of their initial efficiency after >2000 h of storage in N2and encapsulated cells retaining 90% efficiency after >450 h of storage in air. Intriguingly, CPTA preferentially binds to Sn2+sites at film surface over Pb2+due to the energetically favored exposure of the former, according to first‐principles calculations. This work provides new insights into the surface chemistry of perovskite films in terms of their structural, electronic, and defect characteristics and this knowledge is used to fabricate state‐of‐the‐art solar cells.
Novel Multiple Resonance Type TADF Emitter as Blue Component for Highly Efficient Blue‐Hazard‐Free White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Hu Ya‐Nan , Fan Xiao‐Chun , Huang Feng , Shi Yi‐Zhong , Wang Hui , Cheng Ying‐Chun , Chen Meng‐Yuan , Wang Kai , Yu Jia , Zhang Xiao‐Hong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRealizing blue‐hazard‐free emission is an important goal for white organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) toward healthy lighting applications. However, conventional blue organic emitters with broad emission spectra would generally cover the high‐energy emission region and thus cannot meet the demand. Here a blue multiple resonance type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter DPMX‐CzDABNA is newly designed. The DPMX‐CzDABNA‐based OLEDs can realize blue narrowband emission peaked at 484 nm with a full width at half maximum of 29 nm, and external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) around 26%, which allows DPMX‐CzDABNA to precisely avoid the high‐energy photon contribution and thus be a promising blue component to construct high‐performance white OLEDs with human‐eye‐friendly emission spectra. Using DPMX‐CzDABNA and a reported TADF emitter BPPZ‐DPXZ, respectively, as blue and orange components in white OLEDs, the single‐emitting‐layer devices approach white emission with outstanding EQE up to 35.8%; the double‐emitting‐layer OLEDs achieve blue‐hazard‐free white emissions with a maximum EQE of 26.5% and very stable Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates of ≈(0.38,0.43) over a wide luminance range from 100 to 10 000 cd m−2. It is expected that this strategy can pave a new way for developing highly efficient all‐TADF white OLEDs without blue‐hazard emission.
Emergency medical services Milestones 2.0: What has changed?
Authors: Nesbit Chadd E. , Mastenbrook Joshua D. , Ball Matthew T. , Rinnert Kathy J. , Edgar Laura 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSince 2015, development of competencies by emergency medical services (EMS) fellows have been evaluated using the EMS Milestones 1.0 developed by a working group consisting of relevant stakeholders convened by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Feedback from users and data collected from the milestones assessments in the interim indicated a need for revision of the original milestones. In May 2021, the Milestones 2.0 working group was convened for the purpose of revising this specialty‐specific assessment tool.MethodsA working group consisting of representatives from American Board of Emergency Medicine, the Review Committee for Emergency Medicine, and volunteers selected by the ACGME Milestones Committee, chaired by the ACGME vice president for milestones development, was convened using a virtual platform to revise the milestones and develop a supplemental guide for use along with the Milestones 2.0. There were no in‐person meetings of this working group due to the COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsData from milestones reporting, discussion within the working group, stakeholder input, and public commentary were used to revise the original milestones. A new supplemental guide to enhance milestone usability and provide recommended resource materials was also developed for use alongside the milestones.DiscussionThe EMS Milestones 2.0 and accompanying supplemental guide provide an updated framework for fellowship programs to use as a guide for developing the competencies necessary for independent practice as EMS physicians and in the formal, competency‐based evaluation of trainees as required by the ACGME.
Learning pediatric emergency medicine over time: A realist evaluation of a longitudinal pediatric emergency medicine clinical experience
Authors: Ngo Quang N. , Chorley Alex , Li Shelly‐Anne , Chan Teresa M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionEmergency medicine (EM) practitioners must be proficient at caring for patients of all ages, including pediatric patients. Traditionally, EM trainees learn pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) through block rotations. This is problematic due to the seasonal nature of pediatric diseases and infrequent critical events. Spaced repetition learning theory suggests PEM would be better learned through longitudinal rotations. The transition to competency‐based medical education (CBME) in Canada is accelerating the need to find novel ways to attain competencies in postgraduate training. At McMaster University, senior EM trainees can choose either traditional PEM blocks or longitudinal rotations. Our objective was to understand how learners experience these different rotations given the transition to CBME in Canada.MethodsUsing a realist framework of program evaluation, we conducted semistructured interviews with key stakeholders (trainees, program directors, attending physicians) in EM. The realist framework was used to understand how context interacts with theoretical mechanisms to produce outcomes of interest. Data were analyzed using inductive, conventional content analysis. All investigators coded a subset of transcripts independently and in duplicate to achieve intercoder agreement.ResultsA total of 13 interviews were completed with trainees (n = 11) and staff physicians (n = 2). The learning experience exists within an educational and clinical context, which are logistically distinct but inseparable. The longitudinal learning experience appears to improve learning through spaced repetition, which prevents atrophy of skills and knowledge while also benefitting from the offsetting of seasonal variability associated with many pediatric diseases. Improved feedback and entrustment are facilitated through the building of coaching relationships over time. Barriers to the learning experience are related mainly to logistical difficulties associated with resolving longitudinal and blocked learning experiences. Improved relationships with the interprofessional team may provide distinct learning opportunities and improved team functioning. Block rotations were identified as more valuable to junior trainees learning fundamental concepts.ConclusionsLongitudinal learning provides numerous advantages to learning PEM, including increased case variety, spaced repetition of core concepts, and a perception of greater entrustment of the learner through formation of coaching relationships over time. Future projects looking to quantify the differences between longitudinal and block learning to objectively show a difference in skills and knowledge are needed.
Numerical determination of fluid‐to‐particle mass and heat transfer coefficients in packed bed reactors
Authors: Weng Junqi , Zhang Qunfeng , Yu Jiahao , Yu Qihuan , Ye Guanghua , Zhou Xinggui , Yuan Weikang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA method based on particle‐resolved CFD is built and validated, to calculate the fluid‐to‐particle mass and heat transfer coefficients in packed beds of spheres with different tube‐to‐particle diameter ratios (N) and of various particle shapes with N = 5.23. This method is characterized by considering axial dispersion. The mass and heat transfer coefficients increase by 5%–57% and 9%–63% after considering axial dispersion, indicating axial dispersion should be included in the method. The mass and heat transfer coefficients are reduced as N decreases. The catalyst particles without inner holes show higher mass and heat transfer coefficients than the ones with inner holes, because of unfavorable fluid flow in inner holes. The bed of trilobes has the highest mass and heat transfer coefficients, being 85% and 95% higher than the one of spheres. This work provides a versatile method and some useful guidance for the design of packed bed reactors.
Testing hypotheses of hybrid taxon formation in the shrubby beardtongues (PenstemonsubgenusDasanthera)
Authors: Stone Benjamin W. , Rodríguez‐Peña Rosa A. , Wolfe Andrea D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPremiseHybridization is increasingly being identified in the genomes of species across the tree of life, leading to a general recognition that hybridization plays an important role in the generation of species diversity. While hybridization may increase species diversity directly via the formation of new taxa through hybrid speciation, it may also act indirectly via the exchange of phenotypic and genetic variance between species, which may in turn stimulate future speciation events.MethodsUsing high‐throughput sequence data, we resolved phylogenetic relationships and investigated the role of hybridization as a diversification mechanism in the shrubby beardtongues (PenstemonsubgenusDasanthera), a group of North American wildflowers that has undergone a recent and rapid adaptive radiation. Specifically, we tested four hypotheses of hybrid taxon formation resulting from hybridization betweenP. davidsoniiandP. fruticosus.ResultsSpecies tree inference supports the monophyly of subgenusDasantheraand elucidates relationships between taxa distributed in the Cascades and Sierra Nevada Mountains. Results also provide evidence of gene flow betweenP. davidsoniiandP. fruticosusand support at least one hybrid origin hypothesis (P. davidsoniivar.menziesii) in a region of contemporary distributional overlap. Hybridization may have also been facilitated by historical overlap in geographic distribution caused by species' responses to climatic changes during the Pleistocene.ConclusionsOur results support a history of hybridization between focal taxa in a rapidly radiating clade of plants and more broadly contribute to our growing understanding of the role of hybridization as a diversification mechanism in plants.
Cloud cavitation and flow field characteristics in sudden change channel
Authors: Wang Jiangyun , Yuan Shengwei , Wang Zhuang , Xie Kai , Wang Juan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the Delayed Detached‐Eddy Simulation (DDES) model is used to simulate the cloud cavitation process and the flow field distribution characteristics in the three‐dimensional cavitating chamber with a sudden change channel. The effect of cavitation evolution on the flow field is investigated by the change of vacuole volume fraction and the distribution of physical quantities in the flow field. And the Q criterion is introduced to identify the vortex structure and its variation. The results show that the evolution of cavitation presents periodic characteristics, but in a period, the flow field distribution, vortex structure, and vortex intensity under different cavitation states are different. In the stage of bubble growth, falling off, bubble cluster breaking, and separation, the vortex size is large and the vortex intensity is high, making the flow field show drastic fluctuations. However, in the stage of bubble mass integration, the flow field fluctuation is relatively weak, and the pressure fluctuation law is consistent with the bubble shedding frequency. In addition, the Q criterion indicates that the high‐strength vortices are mainly concentrated in the throat, as the degree of cavitation increases, vortex breakage is intensified and vortices are not obvious in the flow field.
Construction and characterization of hyperbranched polymer stabilized Se nanoparticles and its application on the antibacterial finishing of viscose nonwoven fabric
Authors: Xiao Yao , Zhenzeng Gan , Dong Erying , Yan Jiawei , Liu Wanwan , Zhang Guangyu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis research provides a new method for preparing nanoparticle‐coated viscose nonwoven fabrics, which has broad application prospects in the functional fiber industry. In this work amino‐terminated hyperbranched polymer (HBP)‐capped Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) were synthesized for coating viscose nonwoven fabric (VNF) via impregnation method to produce a controllable and uniform Se NPs coating on the viscose fiber surface. The prepared Se NPs and the treated VNF were characterized by the transmission electron microscope (TEM), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microcopy (FE‐SEM), and antibacterial measurement. The results indicate that the Se NPs were spherical shaped with an average size of 50 nm. FESEM, XRD, and XPS characterizations demonstrated that Se NPs can adsorbed and distributed uniformly on the fiber surface. Se NPs‐coated VNF showed above 99.9% bacterial reduction of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli while the Se element content on VNF was about 2.92 mg/g.
Novel method for the quantification of rosette area from images of Arabidopsis seedlings grown on agar plates
Authors: Knapp Anna , Stefani Jordan , Katz Ella , Bloom Arnold J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPremiseThe agar‐based culture of Arabidopsis seedlings is widely used for quantifying root traits. Shoot traits are generally overlooked in these studies, probably because the rosettes are often askew. A technique to assess the shoot surface area of seedlings grown inside agar culture dishes would facilitate simultaneous root and shoot phenotyping.MethodsWe developed an image processing workflow in Python that estimates rosette area of Arabidopsis seedlings on agar culture dishes. We validated this method by comparing its output with other metrics of seedling growth. As part of a larger study on genetic variation in plant responses to nitrogen form and concentration, we measured the rosette areas from more than 2000 plate images.ResultsThe rosette area measured from plate images was strongly correlated with the rosette area measured from directly overhead and moderately correlated with seedling mass. Rosette area in the large image set was significantly influenced by genotype and nitrogen treatment. The broad‐sense heritability of leaf area measured using this method was 0.28.DiscussionThese results indicated that this approach for estimating rosette area produces accurate shoot phenotype data. It can be used with image sets for which other methods of leaf area quantification prove unsuitable.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of benzoxepinoindol‐1‐one analogs as Brd4 bromodomain inhibitors
Authors: Jung Goni , Lee Joo‐Youn , Park Chi Hoon , Yoon Eunyoung , Heo Jung‐Nyoung 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA novel series of benzo[6,7]oxepino[4,3,2‐cd]indol‐1(2H)‐one derivatives were synthesized via a one‐pot aldol condensation and SNAr reaction by coupling indolin‐2‐ones with 2‐fluorobenzaldehydes. In addition, molecular docking studies of the designed compound 2 revealed strong hydrogen bonds in the hot binding pocket of Brd4. All compounds were evaluated for their enzymatic activity in Brd4 bromodomain inhibition.
Factors associated with the high susceptibility to depression of women during the perimenopause
Authors: Han Hongying , Xia Xiaowei , Zheng Huirong , Zhong Zhiyong , Zhao Chongbang , Wang Xianglan , Zhi Ximei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated the factors associated with the high susceptibility of perimenopausal women to depression.MethodsA total of 66 perimenopausal women participated in this study. The Zung self‐rating depression scale (SDS) was used to evaluate the intensity of depressive symptoms. The modified Kupperman index (KI) was used to assess common perimenopausal symptoms. Psychosocial factors were assessed via the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, attitudes toward menopause checklist, and metacognition questionnaire (MCQ). Levels of serum estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone were determined.ResultsThere were statistically significant associations between SDS standard score and the KI scale score (β = .361, p = .001), years of education (β = −.309, p = .005), and F3 cognitive self‐consciousness score of MCQ (β = −.234, p = .032; adjusted R2 = .264, F = 8.759, p < .001).ConclusionsHigh susceptibility to depression of perimenopausal women may be related to lower educational level, more severe perimenopausal symptoms, and altered metacognition.
General population preferences for cancer care in health systems of China: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Zhang Nan , Chang Xuan , Liu Ruyue , Zheng Caiyun , Wang Xin , Birch Stephen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing incidence of cancer in China has posed considerable challenges for cancer care delivery systems. This study aimed to determine the general population's preferences for cancer care, to provide evidence for building a people‐centered integrated cancer care system.MethodsWe conducted a discrete choice experiment that involved 1,200 participants in Shandong Province. Individuals were asked to choose between cancer care scenarios based on the type and level of hospitals, with various out‐of‐pocket costs, waiting time, and contact working in the hospitals. Individual preferences, willingness to pay, and uptake rate were estimated using a mixed‐logit model.ResultsThis study included 848 respondents (70.67%). Respondents preferred county hospitals with shorter hospitalization waiting times and contact working in hospitals. Compared to the reference levels, the three highest willingness to pay values were related to waiting time for hospitalization (¥97,857.69–¥145411.70–¥212,992.10/$14512.70–$21565.16–$31587.61), followed by the county‐level hospital (¥32,545.13/$4826.58). The preferences of the different groups of respondents were diverse. Based on a county‐level general hospital with contact in the hospital, 50% out‐of‐pocket costs and a waiting time of 15 days, the probability of seeking baseline care was 0.37. Reducing the waiting time from 15 to 7, 3, and 0 days, increases the probability of choosing a county‐level hospital from 0.37 to 0.58, 0.64, and 0.70, respectively.ConclusionsThis study suggests that there is a substantial interest in attending county‐level hospitals and that reducing hospitalization waiting time is the most effective measure to increase the probability of seeking cancer care in county‐level hospitals.
Clinical significance of preoperative neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio and platelet‐lymphocyte ratio in the prognosis of resected early‐stage patients with non‐small cell lung cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Cao Weibo , Yu Haochuan , Zhu Shuai , Lei Xi , Li Tong , Ren Fan , Zhou Ning , Tang Quanying , Zu Lingling , Xu Song 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPoor prognosis is linked to peripheral blood levels of preoperative platelet‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in many advanced cancers. Nevertheless, whether the correlation exists in resected early‐stage cases with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) stays controversial. Consequently, we performed a meta‐analysis to explore the preoperative NLR and PLR's prognostic significance in early‐stage patients with NSCLC undergoing curative surgery.MethodsRelevant studies that validated the link between preoperative NLR or PLR and survival results were found via the proceeding databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The merged 95% confidence interval (CI) and hazard ratio (HR) was employed to validate the link between the NLR or PLR's index and overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) in resected NSCLC cases. We used sensitivity and subgroup analyses to assess the studies' heterogeneity.ResultsAn overall of 21 studies were attributed to the meta‐analysis. The findings indicated that great preoperative NLR was considerably correlated with poor DFS (HR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.37–1.82, p < 0.001) and poor OS (HR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.33–1.72, p < 0.001), respectively. Subgroup analyses were in line with the pooled findings. In aspect of PLR, raised PLR was indicative of inferior DFS (HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.04–1.58, p = 0.021) and OS (HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.18–1.60, p < 0.001). In the subgroup analyses between PLR and DFS, only subgroups with a sample size <300 (HR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.15–2.43, p = 0.008) and TNM staging of mixed (I‐II) (HR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.04–2.07, p = 0.028) showed that the link between high PLR and poor DFS was significant.ConclusionsPreoperative elevated NLR and PLR may act as prognostic biomarkers in resected early‐stage NSCLC cases and are therefore valuable for guiding postoperative adjuvant treatment.