bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerating legacy applications with spatial computing devices
Authors: Savio Paolo , Scionti Alberto , Vitali Giacomo , Viviani Paolo , Vercellino Chiara , Terzo Olivier , Nguyen Huy-Nam , Magarielli Donato , Spano Ennio , Marconcini Michele , Poli Francesco 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHeterogeneous computing is the major driving factor in designing new energy-efficient high-performance computing systems. Despite the broad adoption of GPUs and other specialized architectures, the interest in spatial architectures like field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) has grown. While combining high performance, low power consumption and high adaptability constitute an advantage, these devices still suffer from a weak software ecosystem, which forces application developers to use tools requiring deep knowledge of the underlying system, often leaving legacy code (e.g., Fortran applications) unsupported. By realizing this, we describe a methodology for porting Fortran (legacy) code on modern FPGA architectures, with the target of preserving performance/power ratios. Aimed as an experience report, we considered an industrial computational fluid dynamics application to demonstrate that our methodology produces synthesizable OpenCL codes targeting Intel Arria10 and Stratix10 devices. Although performance gain is not far beyond that of the original CPU code (we obtained a relative speedup of $$\times$$
×
0.59 and $$\times$$
×
0.63, respectively, for a single optimized main kernel, while only on the Stratix10 we achieved $$\times$$
×
2.56 by replicating the main optimized kernel 4 times), our results are quite encouraging to drawn the path for further investigations. This paper also reports some major criticalities in porting Fortran code on FPGA architectures.
Local-scale habitat configuration makes a niche for wildlife encroaching into an urban landscape: grubbing sites of wild boar Sus scrofa in a city matrix
Authors: Ciach Michał , Tetkowski Piotr , Fedyń Izabela 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUrban environments may offer certain species diverse and abundant food resources of natural and anthropogenic origin. However, the local-scale configuration of habitats and urban infrastructure may influence foraging decisions regardless of the availability of food. In recent years, the expansion of wild boarSus scrofainto areas significantly transformed by humans has been observed in many parts of its range. Grubbing (rooting) is a major foraging mode of the species, during which disturbance of the upper soil layers enables these animals to find and consume food items. However, the factors that determine the selection of grubbing sites in the urban landscape, where the balance between food availability and the avoidance of humans may influence foraging decisions, are not known. Our aim was to identify local-scale factors that influence grubbing site selection and the size of grubbed patches in an urban landscape. The characteristics of 108 wild boar grubbing sites in the city of Kraków (Poland) were compared to randomly selected control sites. The probable presence of a grubbing site was positively correlated with the proportion of meadows and fallow land in the vicinity and with increases in both canopy cover and distance to pavements. The size of a grubbed patch was positively correlated with the percentage of meadows in the vicinity, increasing distance to buildings and decreasing distance to pavements. We found a non-random pattern of grubbing sites in the urban landscape and indicated that the local-scale configuration of vegetation and urban infrastructure contribute to foraging site selection by wild boar. Our study highlights that the encroachment of wildlife into the urban landscape is a complex process, driven by both resource availability and the avoidance of human-related disturbances.
Metal- and antibiotic-resistant heterotrophic plate count bacteria from a gold mine impacted river: the Mooi River system, South Africa
Authors: Bosch Janita , Bezuidenhout Carlos , Coertze Roelof , Molale-Tom Lesego 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Wonderfonteinspruit, South Africa, is highly impacted by a century of gold mining activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the physico-chemical properties of the Wonderfonteinspruit and the receiving Mooi River system, the levels of antimicrobial (metals and antibiotics) resistance characteristics and heterotrophic bacteria levels in these water systems. Various physico-chemical parameters were determined. R2A agar and R2A agar supplemented with antimicrobials were used to enumerate heterotrophic bacteria. Morphologically distinct antimicrobial-resistant isolates were purified and screened for antibiotic susceptibility by a disc diffusion method. Selected isolates were identified, and minimum inhibitory concentration ranges determined. Among the antimicrobial resistant isolates, 87% were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Of these, almost 50% were resistant to more than 3 antibiotic classes. A large proportion was resistant to all 7 antibiotics tested. Phyla detected were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes. High MIC levels for metals and antibiotics were detected among all the genera. Results demonstrate potential impacts of physico-chemical properties on levels of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Metal-resistant bacteria were also resistant to multiple antibiotics, suggesting that metal pollution from mining may be responsible for co-selection and maintenance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in this aquatic system.
Influence of Oxygen on the Kinetics of Omega and Alpha Phase Formation in Beta Ti–V
Authors: Enzinger Robert Josef , Luckabauer Martin , Okamoto Norihiko L. , Ichitsubo Tetsu , Sprengel Wolfgang , Würschum Roland 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A detailed understanding of the kinetics of phase formation in

$$\beta $$

β

-stabilised titanium is of decisive importance for the applicability of these materials. However, the complex nature and long timescales of the various transformations, calls for specialized measurement techniques. In this work high-stability isothermal laser dilatometry is used to study the temporal volume changes associated with the various phase formation processes. Distinctly different behaviours between samples of Ti–21 at. pct V with different solute oxygen content could be detected and quantified. Temperature regimes for both diffusionless and diffusion-assisted isothermal

$$\omega $$

ω

-formation as well as for

$$\omega $$

ω

-to-

$$\alpha $$

α

-transformation were determined. Low oxygen contents promote the diffusionless

$$\omega $$

ω

-formation mechanism, but retard the diffusion-assisted one as well as the

$$\omega $$

ω

-to-

$$\alpha $$

α

-transformation process. The results confirm recent findings of a clear distinction between the diffusionless and diffusion-assisted isothermal

$$\omega $$

ω

formation modes. Modelling of the

$$\omega $$

ω

-phase formation applying Austin–Rickett kinetics revealed the temperature-dependent formation rates, on the basis of which the isothermal TTT-diagrams were developed which reflect the strong influence of the oxygen content.
‘Some Myths Need to be Ripped Apart’ (Iizuka): The Violence of Reception and Reception of Violence in Naomi Iizuka’s Polaroid Stories: An Adaptation of Ovid’s Metamorphoses
Authors: McShane Siobhan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNaomi Iizuka’s Polaroid Stories (1997) combines a stage adaptation of selected tales from Ovid’s Metamorphoses with the stories of homeless young people. Iizuka’s use of these two sources in her play provides a new insight into Ovid’s treatment of the theme of sexual violence in the Metamorphoses as well as exposing the dangers faced by young people on city streets today. In particular, looking at the two texts exposes the link between sexual violence and linguistic violence in the silencing of victims and the refusal of victims to be silenced. Alongside exploring Iizuka’s reception of the sexual violence portrayed in the Metamorphoses, this article uses a feminist reception theory to analyse Iizuka’s own literary act of violence in her reception of Ovid. Does Iizuka simply present Ovid’s tales and their concern with sexual violence in a more modern setting, or does she violently dismember Ovid’s text to produce a play that criticizes his portrayal of victims of sexual violence in the Metamorphoses? In some ways the techniques Iizuka uses to give the characters in her play a strong voice against the violence they face are similar to those that can be identified in Ovid. However, Iizuka can be seen to use those techniques against the author she emulates in order to give a voice to characters he had silenced.
Erinaceomorpha and Soricomorpha (Mammalia) of the Miocene Tagay fauna (Olkhon Island, Lake Baikal, Eastern Siberia): A preliminary report
Authors: Voyta Leonid L. , Mörs Thomas , Erbajeva Margarita A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe current paper is a preliminary attempt to describe the eulipotyphlan fauna from the Early/Middle Miocene (MN5) Tagay-1 locality. Our results reveal one hedgehog species, Parvericius cf. P. buk (Erinaceinae), one desman species, Desmaninae gen. et sp. indet. (Desmaninae), three mole species, Quyania sp., Urotrichini gen. et sp. indet. and Yanshuella cf. Y. primaeva, one Desmanodon species (Talpidae incertae sedis) and three shrew species, Plesiosorex sp., Heterosorex sp. and Miosorex sp. (Plesiosoricidae, Soricidae). Therefore, the Tagay fauna is composed of European, Asian and North American genera. The desman remains are very similar to Late Miocene representatives of European Archaeodesmana, and represent the first Miocene record of Desmaninae in northern Asia. Our small mammal assemblage of the Tagay-1 section allows us to confirm the earlier reconstruction of the local palaeoenvironmental conditions as linked habitats such as closed forest and open ecotonal habitats preferred by ground-dwelling hedgehogs, shrew moles and shrews, and subterranean groups such as digging moles. The presence of desmans indicates flowing waters and probably wetland areas that would also be the favoured habitat of shrews.
Discrete fracture modeling by integrating image logs, seismic attributes, and production data: a case study from Ilam and Sarvak Formations, Danan Oilfield, southwest of Iran
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Sirous , Kadkhodaie Ali , Wood David A. , Rezaee Reza , Kadkhodaie Rahim 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the fracture patterns of hydrocarbon reservoirs is vital in the Zagros area of southwest of Iran as they are strongly affected by the collision of the Arabian and Iranian plates. It is essential to evaluate both primary and secondary (fracture) porosity and permeability to understand the fluid dynamics of the reservoirs. In this study, we adopted an integrated workflow to assess the influence of various fracture sets on the heterogeneous carbonate reservoir rocks of the Cenomanian–Santonian Bangestan group, including Ilam and upper Sarvak Formations. For this purpose, a combination of field data was used including seismic data, core data, open-hole well-logs, petrophysical interpretations, and reservoir dynamic data. FMI interpretation revealed that a substantial amount of secondary porosity exists in the Ilam and Sarvak Formations. The upper interval of Sarvak 1-2 (3491 m to 3510 m), Sarvak 1-3 (3530 m to 3550 m), and the base of Sarvak 2-1 are the most fractured intervals in the formation. The dominant stress regime in the study area is a combination of compressional and strike-slip system featuring reverse faults with a NW–SE orientation. From the depositional setting point of view, mid-ramp and inner-ramp show a higher concentration of fractures compared to open marine environment. Fracture permeability was modeled iteratively to establish a realistic match with production log data. The results indicate that secondary permeability has a significant influence on the productivity of wells in the study area.
Additive Manufacturing of Binary Ni–Ti Shape Memory Alloys Using Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion: Functional Reversibility Through Minor Alloy Modification and Carbide Formation
Authors: Krooß P. , Lauhoff C. , Gustmann T. , Gemming T. , Sobrero C. , Ewald F. , Brenne F. , Arold T. , Nematolahi M. , Elahinia M. , Thielsch J. , Hufenbach J. , Niendorf T. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractShape memory alloys (SMAs), such as Ni–Ti, are promising candidates for actuation and damping applications. Although processing of Ni–Ti bulk materials is challenging, well-established processing routes (i.e. casting, forging, wire drawing, laser cutting) enabled application in several niche applications, e.g. in the medical sector. Additive manufacturing, also referred to as 4D-printing in this case, is known to be highly interesting for the fabrication of SMAs in order to produce near-net-shaped actuators and dampers. The present study investigated the impact of electron beam powder bed fusion (PBF-EB/M) on the functional properties of C-rich Ni50.9Ti49.1 alloy. The results revealed a significant loss of Ni during PBF-EB/M processing. Process microstructure property relationships are discussed in view of the applied master alloy and powder processing route, i.e. vacuum induction-melting inert gas atomization (VIGA). Relatively high amounts of TiC, being already present in the master alloy and powder feedstock, are finely dispersed in the matrix upon PBF-EB/M. This leads to a local change in the chemical composition (depletion of Ti) and a pronounced shift of the transformation temperatures. Despite the high TiC content, superelastic testing revealed a good shape recovery and, thus, a negligible degradation in both, the as-built and the heat-treated state.
Chiral quantum phases and tricriticality in a Dicke triangle
Authors: Cheng Guo-Jing , Fallas Padilla Diego , Deng Tao , Zhang Yu-Yu , Pu Han 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe existence of quantum tricriticality and exotic phases are found in a tricritical Dicke triangle (TDT) where three cavities, each one containing an ensemble of three-level atoms, are connected to each other through the action of an artificial magnetic field. The conventional superradiant phase (SR) is connected to the normal phase through first- and second-order boundaries, with tricritical points located at the intersection of such boundaries. Apart from the SR phase, a chiral superradiant (CSR) phase is found by tuning the artificial magnetic field. This phase is characterized by a nonzero photon current and its boundary presents chiral tricritical points (CTCPs). Through the study of different critical exponents, we are able to differentiate the universality class of the CTCP and TCP from that of second-order critical points, as well as find distinctive critical behavior among the two different superradiant phases. The TDT can be implemented in various systems, including atoms in optical cavities as well as the circuit QED system, allowing the exploration of a great variety of critical manifolds.
Urinary Schistosomiasis and Associated Risk Factors Among Primary School Students in the Zaki Local Government Area, Bauchi State, Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar Bashir Mohammed , Abubakar Aishatu , Moi Ibrahim Musa , Gagman Haladu Ali , Mohammed Umar Aminu , Katagum Yahaya Mohammed , Musa Sulaiman Ibrahim 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUrinary schistosomiasis, a water-based disease, is endemic to Nigeria. The infection is transmitted by trematodes known as Schistosoma haematobium. The goal of this study was to determine the occurrence of urinary schistosomiasis among primary school children in the Zaki Local Government Area, Bauchi State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study involving 300 school pupils from three primary schools in Zaki was conducted between June and November of 2021. The urine samples were examined with the sedimentation technique to detect S. haematobium eggs. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors were obtained through a well-structured questionnaire. In SPSS version 24, the associations between the dependent and independent variables were evaluated with Chi-square, bivariate, and multiple logistic regression analyses. The strength of associations was determined with the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval. Urinary schistosomiasis was found in 29.7% of school-aged children in the three primary schools. Significantly higher prevalence was observed in the Almajiri (informal) school (59.6%) and one public primary school (31.5%), P = 0.001. Boys were four times more likely than girls to have schistosomiasis [AOR (95% CI): 4.38 (2.23–8.60)]. Children who played in shallow water had a higher risk of contracting schistosomiasis infection and were five times more likely to be infected [AOR (95% CI): 5.14 (1.97–13.37)]. Children who had blood in their urine (hematuria) were nearly nine times more likely to be infected [AOR (95% CI): 9.64 (4.79–20.66)]. The present study indicated that urinary schistosomiasis is endemic to the study area in the Zaki Local Government Area, with a moderate infection rate.
ALMA (finally!) discloses a rotating disk+bipolar wind system at the centre of the wind-prominent pPN OH 231.8+4.2
Authors: Sánchez Contreras C. , Alcolea J. , Rodríguez-Cardoso R. , Bujarrabal V. , Castro-Carrizo A. , Velilla-Prieto L. , Quintana-Lacaci G. , Santander-García M. , Agúndez M. , Cernicharo J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe present interferometric continuum and molecular line emission maps obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) of OH231.8+4.2, a well studied bipolar nebula around an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star that is key to understand the remarkable changes in nebular morphology and kinematics during the short transition from the AGB to the Planetary Nebula (PN) phase. The excellent angular resolution of our maps (∼20 mas ∼30 AU) allows us to scrutinize the central nebular regions of OH231.8+4.2, which hold the clues to understanding how this iconic object assembled its complex nebular architecture. We report, for the first time in this object and others of its kind (i.e. pre-PNe with massive bipolar outflows), the discovery of a rotating circumbinary disk of radius ∼30 AU traced by NaCl, KCl, and H2O emission lines. The disk lies at the base of a young bipolar wind with signs of rotation as well. A compact spatially resolved dust disk is found perpendicular to the bipolar outflow. We also identify a point-like continuum source, which likely represents the central Mira star enshrouded by a ∼3 R* shell or disk of hot (∼1400 K) freshly formed dust. The point source is slightly off-centre from the disk centroid, enabling us for the first time to place constraints to the orbital separation of the central binary system.
Atmospheric structure and dynamics of evolved massive stars. Thanks to 3D radiative hydrodynamical simulations of stellar convection
Authors: Chiavassa A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEvolved massive stars are major cosmic engines, providing strong mechanical and radiative feedback on their host environment. They contribute to the enrichment of their environment through a strong stellar winds, still poorly understood. Wind physics across the life cycle of these stars is the key ingredient to accomplish a complete understanding of their evolution in the near and distant Universe. Nowadays, the development of the observational instruments is so advanced that the observations became very sensitive to the details of the stellar surface making possible to quantitatively study what happens on their surfaces and above where the stellar winds become dominant. Three-dimensional radiative hydrodynamics simulations of evolved stars are essential to a proper and quantitative analysis of these observations. This work presents how these simulations have been (and will be) crucial to prepare and interpret a multitude of observations and how they are important to achieve the knowledge of the mass-loss mechanism.
Lessons from the ionised and molecular mass of post-CE PNe
Authors: Santander-García Miguel , Jones David , Alcolea Javier , Bujarrabal Valentín , Wesson Roger 
Published: November 2022

AbstractClose binary evolution is widely invoked to explain the formation of axisymmetric planetary nebulae, after a brief common envelope phase. The evolution of the primary would be interrupted abruptly, its still quite massive envelope being fully ejected to form the PN, which should be more massive than a planetary nebula coming from the same star, were it single. We test this hypothesis by investigating the ionised and molecular masses of a sample consisting of 21 post-common-envelope planetary nebulae, roughly one fifth of their known total population, and comparing them to a large sample of regular planetary nebulae (not known to host close-binaries). We find that post-common-envelope planetary nebulae arising from single-degenerate systems are, on average, neither more nor less massive than regular planetary nebulae, whereas post-common-envelope planetary nebulae arising from double-degenerate systems are considerably more massive, and show substantially larger linear momenta and kinetic energy than the rest. Reconstruction of the common envelope of four objects further suggests that the mass of single-degenerate nebulae actually amounts to a very small fraction of the envelope of their progenitor stars. This leads to the uncomfortable question of where the rest of the envelope is, raising serious doubts on our understanding of these intriguing objects.
3D hydrodynamical survey of the impact of a companion on the morphology and dynamics of AGB outflows
Authors: Malfait Jolien , Maes Silke , Homan Ward , Bolte Jan , Siess Lionel , De Ceuster Frederik , Decin Leen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWith the use of high-resolution ALMA observations, complex structures that resemble those observed in post-AGB stars and planetary nebulae are detected in the circumstellar envelopes of low-mass evolved stars. These deviations from spherical symmetry are believed to be caused primarily by the interaction with a companion star or planet. With the use of three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations, we study the impact of a binary companion on the wind morphology and dynamics of an AGB outflow. We classifiy the wind structures and morphology that form in these simulations with the use of a classification parameter, constructed with characteristic parameters of the binary configuration. Finally we conclude that the companion alters the wind expansion velocity through the slingshot mechanism, if it is massive enough.
The first 3D models of evolved hot star outflows
Authors: Moens Nicolas , Hennicker Levin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe mechanisms driving mass loss from massive stars in late stages of their evolution is still very much unknown. Stellar evolution models indicate that the last stage before going supernova for many massive stars is the Wolf-Rayet (WR) phase, characterized by a strong, optically thick stellar wind. Stellar models show that these stars exceed the Eddington limit already in deep sub-surface layers around the so-called ‘iron-opacity’ bump, and so should launch a supersonic outflow from there. However, if the outward force does not suffice to accelerate the gas above the local escape speed, the initiated flow will stagnate and start raining down upon the stellar core. In previous, spherically symmetric, WR wind models, this has been circumvented by artificially increasing either clumping or the line force. Here, we present pioneering 3D time-dependent radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of WR winds. In these models, computed without any ad-hoc force enhancement, the stagnated flow leads to co-existing regions of up- and down-flows, which dynamically interact with each other to form a multi-dimensional and complex outflow. These density structures, and the resulting highly non-monotonic velocity field, can have important consequences for mass-loss rates and the interpretation of observed Wolf-Rayet spectra.