bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobile power generation system based on biomass gasification
Authors: Ding Lu , Yang Mingming , Dong Kai , Vo Dai-Viet N. , Hungwe Douglas , Ye Jiahan , Ryzhkov Alexander , Yoshikawa Kunio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDisaster-hit and/or un-electrified remote areas usually have electricity accessibility issues and an abundance of plant-derived debris and wood from destroyed wooden structures; this can be potentially addressed by employing a decentralized ultra-small biomass-fed gasification power generating system. This paper presents an assessment of the technical viability of an ultra-small gasification system that utilizes densified carbonized wood pellets/briquettes. The setup was run continuously for 100 h. A variety of biomass was densified and carbonized by harnessing fugitive heat sources before charging into the reactor. Carbonized briquettes and furnished blends exhibited inferior gasification performance compared to the carbonized pellets. In the absence of tar blockage problems, steady-state conditions were achieved when pre-treated feedstock was used. Under steady-state conditions for carbonized pellets gasification operated at an equivalence ratio of 0.32, cold gas efficiency and carbon conversion achieved 49.2% and 70.5%, respectively. Overall efficiency and maximum power output of 20.3% and 21 kW were realised, respectively. It was found that the system could keep stable while the low heating valve of syngas was over 4 MJ/m3 on condition that avoiding tar blocking issues. The results indicate that the proposed compact ultra-small power generation system is a technically feasible approach to remedy power shortage challenge. In addition, process simulation considering carbonized wood gasification combined power generation was formulated to produce syngas and electricity. Woody pellets with the flow rate of 20 kg/h could generate a 15.18 kW power at the air flow rate of 40 Nm3/h, which is in a good agreement with 15 kW in the 100 h operation. It is indicated that the gasification combined power generation cycle simulated by Aspen simulator could achieve reliable data to assist the complicated experiment operation.
Dynamic analysis of rolling ball bearing-rotor based on a new improved model
Authors: Nan Guofang , Jiang Shan , Yu Dengliang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDynamic analysis for a bearing-rotor system with the imbalance and the asymmetric gap is conducted in this paper. A new improved analytical model overall considering the gap, the varying compliance vibration and the time-dependent unbalanced force is established, especially the new model is more accurate and closer to reality by abandoning the assumption of the traditional model that the three center points of the inner ring, the outer ring and the rolling ball are collinear. More general vibration characteristics are described and the calculation results based on the new model are more universal than those based on the traditional model. The comparison of the calculation result between the improved model and the traditional model shows that the phase difference for the two results is obviously different from each other, the dominant frequency has no obvious difference between the two models and the amplitudes have somewhat difference. The parametric excitation vibration induced by the varying compliance force of the rolling ball on the inner ring-rotor is analyzed and then the influences of the rotating speed, the gap, the eccentricity and the mass of the rotor on the nonlinear responses are studied and some important conclusions are drawn. As the speed increases, the VC frequency gradually loses its domination of the frequency spectrum, and the rotational speed frequency and its combined frequency with the VC frequency dominate the vibration. The bearing-rotor system is susceptible to the variations of the rotational speed, the gap, the eccentricity and the mass of the rotor in certain ranges; the parameters can make the system in a relatively stable, stable and unstable state; the system shows the complex dynamic behaviors such as the periodical vibration, the quasi-periodic vibration, the chaotic motion and the jumping phenomenon, the bifurcation, sudden change. The research is significant for the quantitative calculation of the dynamic response for parameter designation and the fault diagnosis of the system.
Wood waste utilization and associated product development from under-utilized low-quality wood and its prospects in Nepal
Authors: Pandey Sudip 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWood waste has the potential to be used in making a variety of goods, including engineered wood products, energy generation (heat and electricity), mulching, and animal bedding. These inexpensive and underutilized feedstocks have the potential to increase the added value of wood wastes. This paper aims to review the different possibilities on wood waste utilization and their prospects in Nepal. This information helps to find the proper way for future development of wood waste to deliver the best outcomes for the environment and economy. The review is based on an in-depth examination of credible literature and official statistical data. The study showed Nepal has not utilized wood waste except for firewood and a few engineered wood products. The problem with wood waste is the lack of adaptation of advanced technologies and the lack of institutions concerned with the benefits of utilization of those waste. This review concludes that wood waste can be a potential source for the production of different materials but the government should develop effective waste management rules to maximize the value of wood waste resources.Graphical abstract
Forecasting Causes of Death in Northern Iraq Using Neural Network
Authors: Salih Shahla O. , Bezenchek Antonia , Moramarco Stefania , De Iuliis Manuel , Stanev Denis , Fanti Iuri , Corsini Dario , Basa Faiq B. , Gialloreti Leonardo Emberti 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe availability of models for predicting future events is essential for enhancing the efficiency of systems. This paper attempts to predict demographic variation by employing multi-layer perceptron network. Here we present the implementation of a system for predicting the number and causes of deaths, for a future 2-year period. The system was built using predictive models and data that is as accurate as possible under the current conditions of the northern Region of Iraq (the Autonomous Region of Kurdistan). Our predictive model is based on quarterly periods, with the intention of providing predictions on the number of deaths, classified by gender, cause of death, age at death, administrative district (governorate), and hospital where the death occurred. The data was collected from birth and death registry bureaus and forensic medicine departments for the years 2009–2020. The python programming language was used to test the designed multi-layer perceptron network with backpropagation training algorithm. With learning rate 0.01 and 500 epochs we were able to obtain good results, as the neural network was able to represent the string, and predict future values well, with a mean squared error of 0.43, and we found that number of deaths is quite stable, with a slight increase.
Scheduled intravenous acetaminophen versus continuous intravenous fentanyl in postoperative analgesia following McKeown esophagectomy with thoracotomy and laparotomy: A pilot study
Authors: Hoshino Akihiro , Nakajima Yasuaki , Kume Yuichiro , Saito Katsumasa , Fujiwara Naoto , Sato Yuya , Okada Takuya , Tokairin Yutaka , Kawada Kenro , Tokunaga Masanori , Kinugasa Yusuke 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
To determine whether the study protocol was appropriate for comparing the analgesic and adverse effects of postoperative fentanyl and acetaminophen transfusion following McKeown esophagectomy.

Methods:
In this prospective pilot study, patients who underwent McKeown esophagectomy with right thoracotomy and laparotomy between October 2015 and August 2017 received either continuous intravenous fentanyl (group A) or intravenous acetaminophen (group B) every 6 h. We evaluated pain intensity, number of daily rescue doses, nausea, vigilance, postoperative clinical course, and adverse events postoperatively.

Results:
Four patients in group A dropped out owing to severe drowsiness. Pain intensity and number of rescue doses did not differ significantly, and the intensity of nausea was low in both groups. During postoperative days 1–3, vigilance was significantly better in group B (p = 0.004). The median duration for ambulation postoperatively was 2.0 days in both groups (p = 0.296). Postoperative complications ≥ Grade III Clavien-Dindo classification did not differ significantly between the groups.

Conclusion:
Although this study protocol was not feasible because 40% of the patients in the fentanyl group dropped out owing to severe drowsiness, our results show that acetaminophen significantly improved vigilance in the early postoperative period, and its analgesic effect was not significantly different from that of fentanyl.

Highlights
Early adversity, adult lifestyle, and posttraumatic stress disorder in a military sample
Authors: Clint Edward K. , Fessler Daniel M. T. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Early adversity is considered a major risk factor for adult posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Simultaneously, however, early adversity is also known to contribute to psychological resilience, and, indeed, some high-adversity groups do not display elevated PTSD risk. We explored correlates of PTSD in the Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers military dataset to evaluate contrasting accounts of the relationship between early adversity and PTSD. The standard deficit model depicts ontogeny as inherently vulnerable to insult, such that early adversity yields a less robust adult phenotype. A complementary life history theory account holds that adverse early experiences cue a fast life history orientation that reduces investment in maintenance, yielding an adult phenotype less able to recover from trauma. An opposing life history theory account holds that early adversity cues expectations of an adverse adult environment, adaptively reducing reactivity to adverse events. We use principal component analysis to extract a latent variable representing several childhood experiences and multiple lifestyle factors that plausibly proxy life history orientation. After correcting for covariates, we find a strong positive influence of such proxies on PTSD risk, suggesting that early adversity may indeed increase risk for PTSD, and thus that either the standard deficit model, the reduced maintenance account or a combination are correct.
Numerical study of spatial chirp distortion in quasi-parametric chirped-pulse amplification
Authors: Wang Yirui , Wang Jing , Ma Jingui , Yuan Peng , Qian Liejia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification is inevitably subject to high-order spatial chirp, particularly under the condition of saturated amplification and a Gaussian pump; this corresponds to an irreversible spatiotemporal distortion and consequently degrades the maximum attainable focused intensity. In this paper, we reveal that such spatial chirp distortion can be significantly mitigated in quasi-parametric chirped-pulse amplification (QPCPA) with idler absorption. Simulation results show that the quality of focused intensity in saturated QPCPA is nearly ideal, with a spatiotemporal Strehl ratio higher than 0.98. As the seed bandwidth increases, the idler absorption spectrum may not be uniform, but the Strehl ratio in QPCPA can be still high enough due to stronger idler absorption.
Comparative study of cholesteatoma in paediatric and adult patients
Authors: Kalia M , Dass A , Singhal S K , Gupta N 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aggressiveness of paediatric cholesteatoma has long been a matter of debate. While much of the evidence is substantiated by data from the Western world, it is further limited by the retrospective nature of most studies. Therefore, this paper presents a comparative analysis of various characteristics of cholesteatoma between paediatric and adult populations seen at our centre.MethodsA total of 50 patients (25 adults and 25 paediatric) with clinical diagnosis of chronic suppurative otitis media with cholesteatoma underwent canal wall down mastoidectomy over a period of two years. The intra-operative findings were noted and patients were followed up for six months.ResultsThere was more extensive spread and ossicular erosion in paediatric cases. However, complications such as facial canal dehiscence and lateral semicircular canal dehiscence were more common in adults.ConclusionPaediatric cholesteatoma is more aggressive and invasive than adult cholesteatoma, and the clinical behaviour is consistent with findings from other parts of the world.
The original Scott Base buildings
Authors: Davey Frederick J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Scott Base was built in the summer of 1956/7 at Pram Point, Ross Island, initially to provide accommodation for the Ross Sea Support Party of the Commonwealth Transantarctic Expedition (NZ TAE) and for the New Zealand International Geophysical Year Antarctic Expedition (NZ IGY). It has generally been accepted that it was built primarily by and for the Ross Sea Support Party. This is reflected in naming one of the last, conserved, original huts (Hut A) after the NZ TAE and also in ignoring the existence of the other original huts (Hut G and H) still in use. The contribution of the NZ IGY programme to Scott Base (SB) has received little recognition. Furthermore, SB provided a presence in the Ross Dependency to support the New Zealand claimant position. The specifications for the base buildings were developed by a joint committee from both expeditions with final design by the Ministry of Works of the New Zealand Government. The base was constructed and largely paid for by the New Zealand Government. This note briefly reviews what occurred during the conception, design, construction and payment for the base.
Macrotermes termite mounds influence the spatial pattern of tree species in two African rainforest sites, in northern Congo. But were they really forests in the past?
Authors: Penel Benoit , Freycon Vincent , Marcon Éric , Rossi Vivien , Cornu Guillaume , Bénédet Fabrice , Forni Éric , Gourlet-Fleury Sylvie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTermite mounds have been poorly studied in tropical rainforest in contrast to those of savannahs where they create fertility hotspots and influence the spatial pattern of vegetation. An inventory of termite mounds and of 15 tree species with a diameter at breast height ≥ 10 cm was carried out in two 800-ha blocks, in two rainforest sites located in northern Congo. We used inhomogeneous and intertype K functions to study the spatial pattern of termite mounds and of tree species around mounds, respectively. We found that mounds in Loundoungou were over-dispersed within a radius of less than 70 m, while those in Mokabi were randomly spaced. Tree species within a 20-m radius around a mound were aggregated towards the mound, e.g. Entandrophragma cylindricum, randomly distributed, or even repulsed by the mound. The specific responses also differed in the two sites. These results suggest that (i) the mounds in Loundoungou were created by savannah termite species 3,000-2,000 years BP during the Late Holocene Rainforest Crisis and (ii) the mounds in Mokabi are characteristic of forest mounds. The impact of termite mounds on the spatial pattern of tree species is thus site-dependent, and these differences might be due to species seed dispersal strategies and to soil calcium concentrations.
Correlated evolution of seed mass and genome size varies among life forms in flowering plants
Authors: Carta Angelino , Mattana Efisio , Dickie John , Vandelook Filip 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSeeds show important variation as plant regenerative units among species, but their evolutionary co-variations with other plant characteristics are still poorly understood. Whilst a positive association of seed mass with genome size (GS) and life forms has already been documented, a broad-scale quantification of their evolutionary correlation and adaptive selection has never been conducted. Here, we tested for correlated evolution of seed mass and GS towards distinct selective regimes related to life form in angiosperms. In particular, we tested the hypothesis that the selection toward lighter seeds and smaller genomes is stronger for annual plants, ensuring high regenerative potential. Using multivariate evolutionary models over a dataset containing 3242 species, we showed an overall positive correlated evolution of seed mass and GS deviating from a pure drift process. Instead, evolutionary changes in seed and genome sizes were driven by adaptive selection towards optimal values differing among life forms. Specifically, the evolutionary optima towards which the seed and genome sizes evolve show a covariation toward small values in annuals, intermediate values in perennial herbs and a trade-off between seed mass and GS in woody plants. Moreover, the evolutionary correlation between seed mass and GS is strongest in annuals as an adaption to complete their life cycle in a short time window, when environmental conditions are favourable for regeneration and development to maturity. The asymmetry in the correlated evolution acting on seed and genome sizes due to life form could explain how life-history traits interplay with functional traits and how plants have evolved diverse successful life-history strategies.
Sub-THz Luneburg lens enabled wide-angle frequency-coded identification tag for passive indoor self-localization
Authors: Kadera Petr , Sánchez-Pastor Jesús , Schmitt Lisa , Schüßler Martin , Jakoby Rolf , Hoffmann Martin , Jiménez-Sáez Alejandro , Lacik Jaroslav 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2021 15th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) and was published in its Proceedings. This paper describes a design, fabrication, and characterization of a planar frequency-coded retroreflector for indoor localization. The retroreflector is fabricated in high-resistive silicon and consists of a Luneburg lens antenna and a photonic crystal high-Q resonator reflective layer, providing ranging and identification within the same tag and bandwidth. The Luneburg lens antenna presents a measured gain of 21.63 dBi at a design frequency of 240 GHz. The frequency-coded retroreflector allows for ranging in a continuous 130 degree angular range in azimuthal plane, with a discrete but repeatable two-resonance identification over multiples of 15 degree. Its maximum measured radar cross-section is −23.48 dBsqm at a frequency of 240 GHz. The retroreflective tag set in ideal line-of-sight situation is compared to a non-line-of-sight arrangement showing the influence of a metallic rod as an obstacle on the overall tag detection parameters. Finally, the successful read-out of the retroreflective tag is discussed in unknown environments, where no a-priori information is available.
Eine Normierung unterschiedlicher Aspekte der emotionalen Bewertung von Persönlichkeitsattributen
Authors: Kaufmann Martina , Alexopoulos Theodore , Blaison Christophe 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung. Die emotionale Bewertung von Eigenschaftsbegriffen und Persönlichkeitsattributen ist in vielen Forschungsbereichen und für viele Forschungszwecke von Bedeutung. Diese Untersuchung liefert eine neue Datenbank für emotionale Bewertungen von 140 Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen. Die Bewertungen von N = 701 Teilnehmenden wurden erhoben. In Erweiterung der bisher veröffentlichten Listen unterscheidet die vorliegende Datenbank neben der positiven und negativen Valenz und Erregung, die von den Merkmalen vermittelt wird, zwischen 5 Emotionen (Freude, Ärger, Ekel, Traurigkeit und Angst) sowie subjektiven Annäherungs- und Vermeidungstendenzen. Die Ergebnisse der Normierung sind unter https://osf.io/gbcq2 abrufbar.
Summer‐Winter Contrast in the Response of Precipitation Extremes to Climate Change Over Northern Hemisphere Land
Authors: Williams Andrew I. L. , O’Gorman Paul A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractClimate models project a distinct seasonality to future changes in daily extreme precipitation. In particular, models project that over land in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere the summer response is substantially weaker than the winter response in percentage terms. Here we decompose the projected response into thermodynamic and dynamic contributions and show that the seasonal contrast arises due to a negative dynamic contribution in northern summer, and a positive dynamic contribution and an anomalously strong thermodynamic contribution in northern winter. The negative dynamic contribution in northern summer is due to weakened ascent and is strongly correlated with decreases in mean near‐surface relative humidity. Finally, we show that the summer‐winter contrast is also evident in observed trends of daily precipitation extremes in northern midlatitudes, which provides support for the contrast found in climate‐model simulations.
Initial Distribution and Interannual Decrease of Suspended Sediment in a Two‐Basin Lake Following a Massive Mine Tailings Spill: Quesnel Lake, BC, Canada
Authors: Granger Brody , Laval Bernard , Vagle Svein , Petticrew Ellen L. , Owens Philip N. , Baldwin Susan A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOn 4 August 2014, a tailings dam failure at Mount Polley Mine in central British Columbia led to the largest short‐term release of mine waste into a lake ever recorded. Once released by the breach, slurry entered the smaller of Quesnel Lake’s two basins, called the West Basin, from which the lake drains northwest into the Quesnel River. An estimated 38,000 ± 11,000 tonnes of fine solids remained suspended in the West Basin on 10 September 2014, 37 days postspill. This decreased to within background levels (<300 tonnes) by June 2015, by which time ∼4,000 tonnes of sediment had flowed from the West Basin into the Quesnel River, and ∼31,000 tonnes had been transported east into the main basin, the direction opposed to the mean hydraulic gradient. Here, we evaluate sediment transport in Quesnel Lake following the Mount Polley tailings dam spill. We apply conservation of mass in two ways: using data collected between 12 August 2014 and 15 October 2020 to estimate suspended sediment mass and mass flows into and out of the West Basin; and using one‐ and two‐basin completely mixed models. Suspended sediment concentrations were highly elevated through the first three seasons postspill, then fluctuated within a gradually decreasing, seasonal cycle. The observed mass trend and an analytical mass balance model of a simplified, two‐basin system suggest that suspended sediment mass will fall to below the median prespill mass by 7 ± 5 years postspill.
The Origin of Large, Long‐Period Near‐Fault Ground Velocities During Surface‐Breaking Strike‐Slip Earthquakes
Authors: Kaneko Yoshihiro , Goto Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecords of near‐fault ground motions from recent surface‐breaking earthquakes are characterized by large (> a few m/s), long‐period (a few seconds) ground velocity pulses, which may pose significant hazard for tall buildings and large infrastructures. Yet, the generation mechanism is not well understood. Here, using spontaneous rupture simulations, we examine the origin of large velocity pulses observed during the 2016 Mw7.0 Kumamoto (Japan) earthquake. We show that near‐fault waveform data as well as seismologically estimated moment and radiated energy can be well reproduced by a relatively simple model with uniform along‐strike pre‐stress and frictional properties. Our results suggest that large, long‐period ground velocities are caused by the dynamic interaction of propagating rupture and the Earth's surface, which is enhanced by reflected waves from the boundaries of low‐velocity layers. Such a generic mechanism suggests that large, long‐period ground motion is a common occurrence in near‐fault regions during surface‐breaking, strike‐slip earthquakes.