bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vanadium‐Incorporated CoP2 with Lattice Expansion for Highly Efficient Acidic Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Yu , Jiao Yanqing , Yan Haijing , Yang Ganceng , Tian Chungui , Wu Aiping , Liu Yue , Fu Honggang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) in acidic medium is a hopeful scenario for hydrogen production using renewable energy, but the grand challenge lies in substituting noble‐metal catalysts. Herein, a robust electrocatalyst of V−CoP2 porous nanowires arranged on a carbon cloth is successfully fabricated by incorporating vanadium into the CoP2 lattice. Structural characterizations and theoretical analysis indicate that lattice expansion of CoP2 caused by V incorporation results in the upshift of the d‐band center, which is conducive to hydrogen adsorption for boosting the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Besides, V promotes surface reconstruction to generate a thicker Co3O4 layer with an oxygen vacancy that enhances acid‐corrosion resistance and optimizes the adsorption of water and oxygen‐containing species, thus improving activity and stability toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Accordingly, it presents a superior acidic overall water splitting activity (1.47 V@10 mA cm−2) to Pt−C/CC||RuO2/CC (1.59 V@10 mA cm−2), and remarkable stability. This work proposes a new route to design efficient non‐noble metal electrocatalysts for PEMWE.
An Orthogonal Dynamic Covalent Polymer Network with Distinctive Topology Transformations for Shape‐ and Molecular Architecture Reconfiguration
Authors: Miao Wusha , Yang Bo , Jin Binjie , Ni Chujun , Feng Haijun , Xue Yaoting , Zheng Ning , Zhao Qian , Shen Youqing , Xie Tao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBond exchange in a typical dynamic covalent polymer network allows access to macroscopic shape reconfigurability, but the network architecture is not altered. An alternative possibility is that the network architecture can be designed to switch to various topological states corresponding to different material properties. Achieving both in one network can expand the material scope, but their intrinsically conflicting mechanisms make it challenging. We design a dynamic covalent network that can undergo two orthogonal topological transformations, namely transesterification on the branched chains and olefin metathesis on the mainframe. This allows independent control of the macroscopic shape and molecular architecture. With this design, we illustrate a bottlebrush network with programmable shape and spatially definable mechanical properties. Our strategy paves a way to on‐demand regulation of network polymers.
Accelerating the stabilization of polyacrylonitrile fibers by nitrogen pretreatment
Authors: Wang Guanbo , Lu Chunxiang , Sun Tongqing , Li Yonghong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers undergo three different thermal stabilization processes: complete cyclization in nitrogen, one‐step direct oxidation and complete cyclization in nitrogen first and then oxidation in air. The oxygen content is used as the evaluation standard for the degree of pre‐oxidation and the fibers with the similar oxygen content obtained by the one‐step method and the two‐step method are compared. The fibers completely cyclized in nitrogen are used as the reference. TGA, FTIR, XPS, and SEM are used to analyze the thermal stability, structure, and morphology of the three stable fibers. Some differences in the structure of the two‐step method and the one‐step method are found, but they have no major impact on the final carbon fibers properties, and the two‐step method can effectively shorten the time required for the pre‐oxidation process. In short, pretreatment in nitrogen can improve the stabilization efficiency of PAN fibers, which is conducive to the production of low‐cost carbon fibers and the promotion of the application of carbon fibers.
AgF‐Mediated Electrophilic Amination of Alkoxyarylsilanes with Azodicarboxylates
Authors: Zhang Qian , Deng Shijun , Li Dong , Shimokawa Jun , Yorimitsu Hideki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA facile and efficient AgF‐mediated electrophilic amination of alkoxyarylsilanes with azodicarboxylates was developed. The reaction proceeds in green solvent under simple and mild conditions to generate the corresponding aryl hydrazines. AgF acts both as a stoichiometric fluoride source and a reagent for transmetalation to the arylsilver intermediate that eventually reacts with azodicarboxylates to provide aryl hydrazines.
A flexible Bayesian nonconfounding spatial model for analysis of dispersed count data
Authors: Nadifar Mahsa , Baghishani Hossein , Fallah Afshin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn employing spatial regression models for counts, we usually meet two issues. First, the possible inherent collinearity between covariates and the spatial effect could lead to misleading inferences. Second, real count data usually reveal over‐ or under‐dispersion where the classical Poisson model is not appropriate to use. We propose a flexible Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach by joining nonconfounding spatial methodology and a newly reconsidered dispersed count modeling from the renewal theory to control the issues. Specifically, we extend the methodology for analyzing spatial count data based on the gamma distribution assumption for waiting times. The model can be formulated as a latent Gaussian model, and consequently, we can carry out the fast computation by using the integrated nested Laplace approximation method. We examine different popular approaches for handling spatial confounding and compare their performances in the presence of dispersion. Two real applications from a crime study against women in India as well as stomach cancer incidences in Slovenia motivate the suggested methods. We also perform a simulation study to understand the proposed approach's merits better. Supplementary Materials for this article are available.
Investigation of chemical changes in Polygonatum kingianum after traditional processing by multiple fingerprint profiles in combination with multivariate methods
Authors: Wang Jing , Du Zefei , Yang Qingshu , Yang Jianbo , Duan Baozhong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPolygonati Rhizoma (Huangjing) is traditional medicine in China, which can only be used as medicine after being processed. However, there is a limited theoretical basis for analyzing the changes in chemical components after traditional processing. In this study, analytical techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high‐performance gel permeation chromatography–evaporative light scattering detection, and HPLC–diode array detection were proposed to perform multiple fingerprint analyses of the changes in the processed materials; the total sugar was also determined. Moreover, the chemometric studies, including hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis, were used to visualize the discrimination of raw and processed materials. The results revealed that the chemical constituents had been profoundly changed following sample processing. In conclusion, these methods could be successfully used to compare raw and processed materials of Polygonatum kingianum, which could be used to elaborate the rationality of processing from the perspective of chemical composition.
BCAT1: A risk factor in multiple cancers based on a pan‐cancer analysis
Authors: Li Guo‐Sheng , Huang He‐Qing , Liang Yao , Pang Qiu‐Yu , Sun Hao‐Jia , Huang Zhi‐Guang , Dang Yi‐Wu , Yang Lin‐Jie , Chen Gang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough branched chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) has been identified to play an essential role in multiple tumors, no studies on its role in pan‐cancer have been consulted before.MethodsThe study comprehensively analyzes the expression, potential mechanisms, and clinical significance of BCAT1 in pan‐cancer through utilizing 16,847 samples, providing novel clues for the treatment of cancers. A Kruskal–Wallis test and the Wilcoxon rank‐sum and signed‐rank tests were applied to investigate diverse BCAT1 expression between various groups (e.g., cancer tissues versus normal tissues). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used in all correlation analyses in the study. Cox analyses and Kaplan‐Meier curves were utilized to identify the prognosis significance of BCAT1 expression in cancers. The significance of BCAT1 expression in differentiating cancer and non‐cancer tissues was explored via the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC).ResultsThe differential expression of BCAT1 was detected in various cancers (p < 0.05), which is relevant to some DNA methyltransferases expression. BCAT1 expression was associated with mismatch repair gene expression, immune checkpoint inhibitors expression, microsatellite instability, and tumor mutational burden in some cancers, indicating its potential in immunotherapy. BCAT1 expression showed prognosis significance and played a risk role in multiple cancers (hazard ratio > 0, p < 0.05). BCAT1 expression also demonstrated conspicuous ability to distinguish some cancers tissues from their normal tissues (AUC > 0.7), indicating its potential to detect cancers. Further analyses on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma certified upregulated BCAT1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels in this disease based on in‐house tissue microarrays and multicenter datasets.ConclusionsFor the first time, the research comprehensively demonstrates the overexpression of BCAT1 in pan‐cancer, which improves the understanding of the pathogenesis of BCAT1 in pan‐cancer. Upregulated BCAT1 expression represented a poor prognosis for cancers patients, and it serves as a potential marker for cancer immunotherapy.
Synthesis of 3‐Methyleneisoindolin‐1‐ones and Isoquinolinium Salts via Exo and Endo Selective Cyclization of 2‐(1‐Alkynyl)benzaldimines
Authors: Wang Jiwei , Xie Congyun , Cheng Xiang , Liu Ye , Zhang Jun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCoinage metal‐promoted 5‐exo and 6‐endo selective cyclization of 2‐(1‐alkynyl)benzaldimines has been studied. It was found that, under gold catalysis, 2‐(1‐alkynyl)benzaldimines exclusively underwent 5‐exo‐dig cyclization processes, followed by oxidation to form N‐aryl 3‐methyleneisoindolin‐1‐ones. In contrast, in the presence of base and under activation of AgOTf, switching of 5‐exo to 6‐endo cyclizations of 2‐(1‐alkynyl)benzaldimines was observed, exclusively giving N‐aryl or N‐alkyl substituted isoquinolinium salts. The two key reaction intermediates, exocyclic vinyl‐Au and the endocyclic vinyl‐Ag species have been isolated and characterized, and a study of their reactivities confirms the plausible mechanisms. Reactions of the resultant 3‐methyleneisoindolin‐1‐ones with benzyne afforded structurally important isoindolinone‐based benzocyclobutenes. Additionally, several interesting transformations of the resultant isoquinolinium salts have been investigated.
Properties of the Reactants and Their Interactions within and with the Enzyme Binding Cavity Determine Reaction Selectivities. The Case of Fe(II)/2‐Oxoglutarate Dependent Enzymes
Authors: Wojdyla Zuzanna , Borowski Tomasz 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFe(II)/2‐oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenases (ODDs) share a double stranded beta helix (DSBH) fold and utilise a common reactive intermediate, ferryl species, to catalyse oxidative transformations of substrates. Despite the structural similarities, ODDs accept a variety of substrates and facilitate a wide range of reactions, that is hydroxylations, desaturations, (oxa)cyclisations and ring rearrangements. In this review we present and discuss the factors contributing to the observed (regio)selectivities of ODDs. They span from inherent properties of the reactants, that is, substrate molecule and iron cofactor, to the interactions between the substrate and the enzyme's binding cavity; the latter can counterbalance the effect of the former. Based on results of both experimental and computational studies dedicated to ODDs, we also line out the properties of the reactants which promote reaction outcomes other than the “default” hydroxylation. It turns out that the reaction selectivity depends on a delicate balance of interactions between the components of the investigated system.
Catalytically Active CoSe2 Supported on Nitrogen‐Doped Three Dimensional Porous Carbon as a Cathode for Highly Stable Lithium‐Sulfur Battery
Authors: Zhang Fenglong , Wang Hui , Ji Shan , Linkov Vladimir , Wang Xuyun , Wang Rongfang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLithium‐sulfur batteries are promising secondary energy storage devices that are mainly limited by its unsatisfactory cyclability owing to inefficient reversible conversion of sulfur and lithium sulfide on the cathode during the discharge/charging process. In this study, nitrogen‐doped three‐dimensional porous carbon material loaded with CoSe2 nanoparticles (CoSe2‐PNC) is developed as a cathode for lithium‐sulfur battery. A combination of CoSe2 and nitrogen‐doped porous carbon can efficiently improve the cathode activity and its conductivity, resulting in enhanced redox kinetics of the charge/discharge process. The obtained electrode exhibits a high discharge specific capacity of 1139.6 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.2 C. After 100 cycles, its capacity remained at 865.7 mAh g−1 thus corresponding to a capacity retention of 75.97 %. In a long‐term cycling test, discharge specific capacity of 546.7 mAh g−1 was observed after 300 cycles performed at a current density of 1 C.
How a transdiagnostic approach can improve the treatment of emotional disorders: Insights from clinical psychology and neuroimaging
Authors: Zarate‐Guerrero Santiago , Duran Johanna M. , Naismith Iona 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMultiple psychological treatments for emotional disorders have been developed and implemented, improving the quality of life of individuals. Nevertheless, relapse and poor response to psychotherapy are common. This article argues that a greater understanding of both the psychological and neurobiological mechanisms of change in psychotherapy is essential to improve treatment for emotional disorders. It aims to demonstrate how an understanding of these mechanisms provides a basis for (i) reconceptualizing some mental disorders, (ii) refining and establishing the evidence for existing therapeutic techniques and (iii) designing new techniques that precisely target the processes that maintain these disorders. Possible future directions for researchers and practitioners working at the intersection of neuropsychology and clinical psychology are discussed.
Food for thought: Commentary on Burnette et al. (2021) “Concerns and recommendations for using Amazon MTurk for eating disorder research”
Authors: Moeck Ella K. , Bridgland Victoria M. E. , Takarangi Melanie K. T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBurnette et al. aimed to validate two eating disorder symptom measures among transgender adults recruited from Mechanical Turk (MTurk). After identifying several data quality issues, Burnette et al. abandoned this aim and instead documented the issues they faced (e.g., demographic misrepresentation, repeat submissions, inconsistent responses across similar questions, failed attention checks). Consequently, Burnette et al. raised concerns about the use of MTurk for psychological research, particularly in an eating disorder context. However, we believe these claims are overstated because they arise from a single study not designed to test MTurk data quality. Further, despite claiming to go “above and beyond” current recommendations, Burnette et al. missed key screening procedures. In particular, they missed procedures known to prevent participants who use commercial data centers (i.e., server farms) to hide their true IP address and complete multiple surveys for financial gain. In this commentary, we outline key screening procedures that allow researchers to obtain quality MTurk data. We also highlight the importance of balancing efforts to increase data quality with efforts to maintain sample diversity. With appropriate screening procedures, which should be preregistered, MTurk remains a viable participant source that requires further validation in an eating disorder context.
Pull the trigger: interplay between benthic and pelagic cues driving the early recruitment of a natural bivalve assemblage
Authors: Androuin Thibault , Barbier Pierrick , Forêt Martin , Meziane Tarik , Thomas Mathilde , Archambault Philippe , Winkler Gesche , Tremblay Réjean , Olivier Frédéric 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLarval settlement and recruitment are crucial phases in the benthic‐pelagic life cycle of marine benthic invertebrates that controls population dynamic and habitat connectivity. Our study investigated potential triggers driving the settlement of bivalve larvae in a highly dynamic intertidal coarse sand habitat. The early recruitment rate of five dominant bivalve families and abiotic conditions, particulate (<20 µm) organic matter and sediment organic matter, were monitored from May to October 2014. Pelagic particulate organic matter (<20 µm) was dominated by picoplankton throughout the sampling period, with a substantial diatom bloom in spring. Sediment was characterized by fresh organic matter in spring, as suggested by the dominant contribution of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and by a higher proportion of bacterial fatty acid markers during late summer. Different dynamics were also observed in early bivalve recruitment rates, with four different patterns observed over the sampling period. Multiple regression analysis on selected bivalve families showed species‐specific responses to trophic settlement triggers. Indeed, the larva recruitment rate of Mytilidae paralleled pelagic concentration of picoeucaryotes, with the peak early recruitment rate occurring in spring. Surprisingly, the early recruitment rate of Mactridae larvae showed a significant relation to bacterial concentration in the surficial sediment at the end of summer. While the Mytilidae results in such a eutrophic system confirmed those of a previous study in oligotrophic lagoons, therefore supporting the trophic settlement trigger hypothesis, more work is needed to understand the potential role of bacteria in the early recruitment of Mactridae. These results highlight for the first‐time inter‐specific differences in trophic cues that potentially trigger primary settlement in natural bivalve assemblages.
Involvement of the dorsal and ventral attention networks in visual attention span
Authors: Zhao Jing , Wang Junkai , Huang Chen , Liang Peipeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVisual attention span (VAS), which refers to the window size of multielement parallel processing in a short time, plays an important role in higher‐level cognition (e.g., reading) as required by encoding large amounts of information input. However, it is still a matter of debate about the underlying neural mechanism of VAS. In the present study, a modified visual 1‐back task was designed by using nonverbal stimuli and nonverbal responses, in which possible influences of target presence and position were considered to identify more pure VAS processing. A task‐driven functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment was then performed, and 30 healthy adults participated in this study. Results of confirmatory and exploratory analyses consistently revealed that both dorsal attention network (DAN) and ventral attention network (VAN) were significantly activated during this visual simultaneous processing. In particular, more significant activation in the left superior parietal lobule (LSPL), as compared to that in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFGs), suggested a greater involvement of DAN in VAS‐related processing in contrast to VAN. In addition, it was also found that the activation in temporoparietal junctions (TPJs) were suppressed during multielement processing only in the target‐absent condition. The current results suggested the recruitment of LSPL in covert attentional shifts and top‐down control of VAS resources distribution during the rapid visual simultaneous processing, as well as the involvement of bilateral IFGs (especially RIFG) in both VAS processing and inhibitory control. The present findings might bring some enlightenments for diagnosis of the atypicality of attentional disorders and reading difficulties.
Adolescent loneliness, stress and depressive symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The protective role of friends
Authors: Espinoza Guadalupe , Hernandez Hannah L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe current study examines if perceived negative changes due to COVID‐19 are related to adolescent loneliness, stress and depressive symptoms and whether friendship factors (online friend communication, friend support) serve a protective role in these associations. In total, 993 adolescents (Mage = 16.09, SD = 1.24) from ethnically diverse backgrounds (49% White, 18% Asian/Asian‐American, 14% Latinx, 9% Black/African‐American, 10% Other) in the United States completed an online survey. Adolescents who perceived more negative changes due to COVID‐19 reported more loneliness, stress and depressive symptoms. For loneliness and stress, these associations were qualified by interactions with the friendship factors. Among adolescents with low online friend communication, as perceived negative changes increased, loneliness also increased. At high levels of friend communication, there was no link between negative COVID‐19 changes and loneliness. Friend communication and support may protect adolescents from well‐being problems stemming from the negative changes in their life due to COVID‐19.
Potential of PALBI‐T score as a prognostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma in alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Tanaka Kazunari , Tsuji Kunihiko , Matsui Takeshi , Kang Jong‐Hon , Sakurai Yasuo , Kodama Yoshihisa , Minami Ryosuke , Watanabe Kiichi , Katanuma Akio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and AimWith the control of viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is becoming increasingly important in Japan. In alcoholic cirrhosis, the impact of portal hypertension is significant. Thus, it may be difficult to predict prognosis accurately with the reported prognostic scores. Here we propose the platelet‐albumin‐bilirubin tumor nodes metastasis (TNM) score (PALBI‐T score) as a prognostic model for HCC in alcoholic liver disease, and investigate its usefulness. The PALBI‐T score is an integrated score based on the TNM stage and PALBI grade including platelets, reflecting portal hypertension.MethodsThis study included 163 patients with alcoholic HCC treated at our Center from 1997 to 2018. We compared the prognostic prediction abilities of the Japan Integrated Staging (JIS) score, ALBI‐T score, and PALBI‐T score. The PALBI‐T score was calculated similarly to the JIS and ALBI‐T scores. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated for predicting overall survival (OS).ResultsIn predicting the 1‐year survival, the JIS score had a larger AUC (AUC = 0.925) than the ALBI‐T score (AUC = 0.895) and PALBI‐T score (AUC = 0.891). On the other hand, there was no significant difference in predicting OS among the integrated scores. The PALBI‐T score (AUC = 0.740) had the largest AUC, and the JIS score (AUC = 0.729) and ALBI‐T score (AUC = 0.717) were not significantly different from the PALBI grade (AUC = 0.634). The PALBI grade reflected the degree of portal hypertension.ConclusionIn patients with alcoholic HCC, the Japan Integrated Staging score is useful for predicting short‐term prognosis. The PALBI‐T score, which reflects portal hypertension, appears to be a more valid prognostic score for predicting long‐term prognosis.