bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of changing climate extremes on maize yield in Northeast China, 1960–2019
Authors: Dong Meiqi , Zhao Jin , Li E , Liu Zhijuan , Guo Shibo , Zhang Zhentao , Cui Wenqian , Yang Xiaoguang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Under climate change, increases in climate extremes have an enormous impact on maize production in Northeast China, which is the largest maize-producing region in the country. In this study, we combined annual mean air temperature and accumulated precipitation, used the 10th and 90th percentiles as extreme thresholds, and divided the years into 9 categories, including 1 normal climate, 4 individual climate extremes, and 4 combined climate extremes. Coupled with the simulated rainfed yield by a well-validated APSIM-Maize model, we compared the changes in the frequencies of climate extremes and their impacts on maize yield between two 30-yr periods (period I: 1960–1989 and period II: 1990–2019). The results showed that the occurrence of normal climate and all 3 cold-related climate extremes (i.e., Cold-Normal, Cold-Humid, and Cold-Dry) decreased during period II, while other climate extremes increased. Compared with the years with normal climate in period I the yield decreased by 4.01%. Compared with period I, years with 3 cold-related climate extremes increased the yield by 26.56%, 12.10%, and 6.68%, respectively. The years with 2 warm-related climate extremes (Warm-Normal, Warm-Dry), as well as Normal-Humid and Normal-Dry years, decreased by 6.39%, 24.12%, 5.10%, and 2.18%, respectively. Only with the increase in the occurrence of Warm-Humid did the yield increase by 11.69%. In future maize production in Northeast China, we can focus on the adverse effects of climate extremes such as Warm-Normal, Warm-Dry, Normal-Humid, and Normal-Dry.
Simultaneous transformation of ginsenoside Rb1 into rare ginsenoside F2 and Compound K by the extracellular enzyme from Aspergillus Niger Wu-16
Authors: Yang Fan , Liu Xiaochen , Tao Zhidong , Fan Daidi , Wu zhansheng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Ginsenoside Compound K (CK) has high pharmacological activity for being widely used in the treatment and prevention of diseases. However, the content of CK in ginseng is very low or almost non-existent. In the present study, ginsenoside Rb1 was converted into ginsenoside F2 and CK by using the extracellular protein isolated from Aspergillus niger Wu-16. The results show that the crude enzymes produced by Wu-16 can catalyze the conversion of the substrate Rb1 to ginsenoside F2 and CK. The reaction time, pH, temperature, and ratio of enzyme to substrate for preparing ginsenoside F2 and CK were used as optimization factors. A reaction time of 48 h, pH = 3, temperature of 55°C, and enzyme-to-substrate ratio of 0.8 were obtained. Furthermore, response surface optimization experiment was carried out to further obtain the maximum conversion rates of ginsenoside F2 and CK with 50.11% and 33.50% for 48 h, respectively. On this basis, the effect of metal ions on the enzymatic reaction showed that the conversion rate of ginsenoside Rb1 was increased remarkably by Co2+ with concentrations of 0.5 mM, and the highest conversion rate into rare ginsenoside CK reached 56.10%. Therefore, the advantage of enzymes catalysis from A. Niger Wu-16 could be a simple, convenient, and rapid method to produce rare saponin F2 and CK, this method provides a certain reference value for the production of rare ginsenosides.
Effect of super-specialization in External Cephalic Version: A comparative study
Authors: Sánchez-Romero Javier , Araico-Rodríguez Fernando , Herrera-Giménez Javier , Blanco-Carnero José Eliseo , Gallego-Pozuelo Rosa María , Nieto-Díaz Aníbal , Sánchez-Ferrer María Luisa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: The introduction of an experienced dedicated team is not a completely studied fact. Several studies reported a high ECV success rate when the procedure is executed by a single operator or a dedicated team. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness and safety of the ECV when the procedure is performed by senior experienced obstetricians or by super-specialized professionals who composed a dedicated team.Methods: Longitudinal prospective analysis of ECV performed in a tertiary hospital from 1/1st/2018 to 12/31st/2019. During twenty-one consecutive months, ECV were performed by two senior experienced obstetricians who composed the dedicated team for ECV, designed as Group A. For three consecutive months, ECV was performed by two seniors obstetricians, designed as Group B. Ritodrine was administered during 30 minutes just before the procedure. Propofol was used for sedation.Results: 186 pregnant women were recruited (150 patients in group A and 36 patients in group B). ECV success rate increased from 47.2% (31.7-63.2) in Group B to 74.0% (66.6-80.5) in Group A. The greatest increase in the success rate of ECV was seen in nulliparae, from 38.5% (21.8-57.6) in group B to 69.1% (59.4-77.6). Complications rate decreased from 22.2% (11.1-37.6) in Group B to 9.3% (5.5-14.8) in Group A.Conclusions: The introduction of an experienced dedicated team improves ECV success rate, especially in primiparas, and it also reduces ECV complications rate.
Fatty acid profile of beef from crossbred steers supplemented in grazing
Authors: Cediel Diana , Silva Robério Rodrigues , Silva Fabiano Ferreira da , Santos Laize Vieira , Silva Ana Paula Gomes da , Santos Marceliana da Conceição , Dueñez Wbeimar Yamit Sanchez , Melgar Osman A. , Paixão Tarcísio Ribeiro , Silva João Wilian Dias , Rossa Fernando , Serrano Roman David Castañeda 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the fatty acid profile of meat of crossbred cattle grazing under different supplementation strategies. Thirty crossbred steers (1/2 Holstein x 1/2 Zebu) were used in a completely randomized design with three groups of different supplementation strategies (SS) according to the climatic season of the year: SS-1 (mineral salt/mineral salt with urea), SS-2 (mineral salt with urea/protein supplement 0.1% PC), and SS-3 (protein supplement 0.1% BW / 0.2% BW protein supplement). Longissimus dorsi muscle samples were collected, stored, and frozen until analysis of the fatty acid (FA) profile. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), using the Tukey test (P < 0.5) (SAS 2008). Our results exhibited that the oleic acid (C18: 1n9cis) was affected by supplementation strategies, the oleic acid was higher (34.91%) in SS-1. In addition, the content Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; P <0.05); C18: 3n3 (α – linolenic), C18: 2c9t11 (Rumenic / CLA), C18: 2t10c12 (Trans-10, cis-12-octadecadienic / CLA) and C20: 5n3 (eicosapentaenoic - EPA) also were higher in SS-1. In contrast, in SS-3 the C20: 4n6 (arachidonic) was higher (1.09%). The total PUFA content was influenced (P <0.05), with a higher content in the SS-1 group (3.58%). SS-3 influenced higher levels of AG n-6 (1.86%), and AG n-3 (1.02%) being higher in SS-1, producing a lower n-6: n-3 ratio in SS-1 (P <0.05) of 1.57. Grazing animals with mineral supplementation SS-1 showed meat with a higher composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly omega-3 and CLA, which provided a reduction in the n-6: n-3 ratio, highly related to human health.
Process Development and Characteristics of Biocalcium from Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) Eyeball Scleral Cartilage
Authors: Pudtikajorn Khamtorn , Sae-leaw Thanasak , Yesilsu Ahmet Faruk , benjakul Soottawat 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Scleral cartilage biocalcium (SCBC) powder from skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) eyeball scleral cartilage (STESC) was produced using hexane and isopropanol (1:1) for defatting, followed by protein removal using alcalase at different concentrations (1.5–4.5%) for various times (0-180 min). Calcined scleral cartilage (CSC) was also prepared and characterized. The lowest fat remaining in STESC was attained after 6 cycles of defatting (P < 0.05). The use of 1.5% alcalase for 90 min resulted in the highest soluble protein removed, while showed the lowest loss in hydroxyproline. Higher value of calcium (39.90%), phosphorus (18.97%) and L* (87.97) were detected in the CSC powder, compared to SCBC powder (23.28%, 10.99% and 81.77, respectively) (P < 0.05). However, a*, b*, and ∆E* of CSC powder were lower than SCBC counterpart. The mean particle sizes of both powders had a negligible difference (P > 0.05). XRD-diffractogram of both powders confirmed the presence of hydroxyapatite. CSC showed the loss of water, amide I, II, III, and other organic functional group peaks in Fourier transform infrared spectra. Also, smaller number and abundance of volatile compounds were found in CSC powder. STESC showed a higher calcium solubility in gastrointestinal tract than CSC (P < 0.05). Therefore, scleral cartilage of tuna eyeball could be used as an alternative source for producing biocalcium.
WITHDRAWN: Design and fabrication of an exoskeleton for lifting moderate weights with reduced exhaustion
Authors: Pawar Kuldeep Shrirang , Teli Shivagond Nagappa , Rane Divyang Deepak , Ingale Harshad Shahaji , Sharma Manoj Mahesh , Kale Prathamesh Nitin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The objective of the following paper is the design, construction and testing of a bare-bones exoskeleton for assistance in lifting weights up to 30 kgs with reduced exhaustion. It focusses on improving the productivity in small scale industries such as refractories, packaging industries etc. with the assistance of pneumatic power so that moderately heavy materials can be handled in limited working space where it is either not possible or feasible to utilize heavy or expensive machinery. The device also seeks to reduce workplace injuries and disorders caused by strenuous lifting or repetitive work.
A Pragmatic Randomized trial Evaluating Pre-operative aqueous antiseptic skin solutions in open fractures (Aqueous-PREP): Statistical Analysis Plan
Authors: O'Hara Nathan N. , Heels-Ansdell Diane , Bzovsky Sofia , Dodds Shannon , Thabane Lehana , Bhandari Mohit , Guyatt Gordon , Devereaux PJ , Slobogean Gerard P. , Sprague Sheila 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundApproximately 1 in 10 patients with a surgically treated open fracture will develop a surgical site infection. The Aqueous-PREP trial will investigate the effect of 10% povidone-iodine versus 4% chlorhexidine in aqueous antiseptic solutions in reducing infections after open fracture surgery. The study protocol was published in April 2020.Methods and DesignThe Aqueous-PREP trial is a pragmatic, multicentre, open-label, randomized multiple period cluster crossover trial. Each participating cluster is randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to provide 1 of the 2 study interventions on all eligible patients during a study period. The intervention periods are 2 months in length. After completing a 2-month period, the participating cluster crosses over to the alternative intervention. We plan to enroll a minimum of 1540 patients at 14 sites.ResultsThe primary outcome is surgical site infection guided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Healthcare Safety Network reporting criteria (2017). All participants' surgical site infection surveillance period will end 30 days after definitive fracture management surgery for superficial infections and 90 days after definitive fracture management surgery for deep incisional or organ/space infections. The secondary outcome is an unplanned fracture-related reoperation within 12 months of the fracture.ConclusionThis manuscript serves as the formal statistical analysis plan (version 1.0) for the Aqueous-PREP trial. The statistical analysis plan was completed on February 28, 2022.Trial Registrationclinicaltrials.gov, NCT03385304. Registered December 28 2017, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03385304?term=slobogean&draw=2&rank=3
Metabolomics analysis reveal the molecular responses of rice to elevated CO2 concentration and/or Pb stress
Authors: Wang Lanlan , Cui Jinghui , Wang Jiayu , Wang Xuhao , Ma Lianju , Li Yueying , Li Xuemei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose To explore the regulatory mechanisms of rice to elevated CO2 concentration and/or Pb stress. Methods Rice seedling was exposed to two CO2 concentrations (400±20 and 800±20 μmol/mol) and three PbNO3 concentrations (0 µmol/L, 50 µmol/L and 100 µmol/L) for 10 days. Electrical conductivity, MDA content, activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT) and metabolomics changes were studied. Results Elevated CO2 increased some antioxidant enzymes activities and decreased electrical conductivity. Sugars, polyols, organic acids, amino acid and secondary metabolites contents increased; Pb stress damaged cell membrane system, also increased some antioxidant enzymes activities. Sugar, polyol, amino acid metabolism and fatty acid β-oxidation were all enhanced. Secondary metabolite was increased; Under compound treatments, cell membrane damage was reduced, activities of protective enzymes almost increased compared with only Pb stress. High CO2 increased TCA cycle intermediate products, also caused fatty acid desaturation under mild Pb stress. Most of the sugars, polyols and amino acids contents increased by elevated CO2 under severe Pb stress. High CO2 enhanced secondary metabolite under Pb stress. Conclusion High CO2 cause efficient photosynthesis and dark respiration metabolism changes, regulated some secondary metabolites production; Under Pb stress, many metabolisms were enhanced to improve osmotic adjustments, maintaining cell membrane stability, supply energy, nitrogen assimilates and antioxidant capacity; Under compound treatments, high CO2 played a dominant role, also caused the increase of cells antioxidant capacity and fatty acid desaturation under mild Pb stress. Elevated CO2 increased osmotic regulatory substances and enhanced the shikimic acid pathway under severe Pb stress.
The epidemiological patterns of childhood sexual abuse and bullying in 204 countries and territories during past decades
Authors: Borumandnia Nasrin , Alvani Mohammadamin Sabbagh , Fattahi Payam , Gohari Mahmood Reza , Khani Yashar Kheirolah , Alavimajd Hamid 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
This study presents an image of childhood sexual abuse and bullying (CSAB) longitudinal trends in summary exposure rates from 1990 to 2019 in 204 countries and territories.
Methods
The CSAB summary exposure rates in 1000000 people were extracted from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation and analyzed using latent growth approaches.
Results
Our results showed, globally, at the beginning of the study, the summary exposure rate was higher in boys and was increased in both genders over time (increasing rate of 16.6 in boys and 17.8 in girls, P < .001). Also, during past decades, the CSAB summary exposure rate for boys and girls had a significant increasing trend in both developed and low developed countries (p < 0.001). The increasing rate in low developed countries was more than in developed ones, in boys and girls. The CSAB rates among boys in Chile, Spain, and Sweden, and girls in Chile, Lithuania, Netherlands had the sharpest decreasing rate among world countries (decreasing rate of 19.5 and 13.9 per 1000000 persons, respectively, p < .001). The longitudinal trend of CSAB rates in other countries has been mostly increasing in boys and girls.
Conclusion
This study showcases the trend of CSAB rates were heterogeneous among countries and have not decreased during past decades and in most countries. In both developing and developed countries, special attention from relevant policymakers is required, and implementation of national survey, facilitating reporting, and knowledge of the CSAB at a population level are recommended.
Measuring Solid-Liquid Interface by Ultrasonic Detection for Space Directional Solidification Experiment
Authors: Yu Zehua , Luo Xinghong , Liu Xiaoke , Lu Pengfei , Li Xinze , Dai Hongwei , Xu Jigang , Wang Xiaoqing 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A method for solid–liquid interface detection based on ultrasonic pulse echo is proposed considering its application in directional solidification experiments of materials in space. By using ultrasonic generator, sensor, and electronic measurement system, a detection system suitable for space experimental environment is designed. It monitors and analyses the temperature and ultrasonic data of metal materials during solidification. Especially, a method of using an ultrasonic sensor to measure the solid-liquid interface at somewhat high temperature is proposed. By using this method, the position of solid-liquid interface of aluminium sample have been successfully determined.
Association of Markers of Tumor Aggressivity and Cognition in Women with Breast Cancer Before Adjuvant Treatment: The Thinking and Living with Cancer Study
Authors: Root James C , Zhou Xingtao , Ahn Jaeil , Small Brent J. , Zhai Wanting , Bethea Traci , Carroll Judith E. , Cohen Harvey Jay , Dilawari Asma , Extermann Martine , Graham Deena , Isaacs Claudine , Jacobsen Paul B. , Jim Heather , McDonald Brenna C. , Nakamura Zev M. , Patel Sunita K. , Rentscher Kelly , Saykin Andrew J. , Dyk Kathleen Van , Mandelblatt Jeanne S. , Ahles Tim A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Tumor features associated with aggressive cancers may affect cognition prior to systemic therapy. We evaluated associations of pre-treatment cognition and tumor aggressivity in older breast cancer patients. Methods: Women diagnosed with non-metastatic breast cancer (n=705) ages 60-98 were enrolled from August 2010-March 2020. Cognition was measured post-surgery, pre-systemic therapy using self-reported (FACT-Cog Perceived Cognitive Impairment [PCI]) and objective tests of attention, processing speed, and executive function (APE domain) and learning and memory [LM domain]. Linear regression tested associations of pre-treatment tumor features and cognition, adjusting for age, race, and study site. HER2 positivity and higher stage (II/III vs. 0/I) were a priori predictors of cognition; in secondary analyses we explored associations of other tumor features and cognitive impairment (i.e., PCI score <54 or having 2 tests <1.5 SD or 1 test <2 SD from the mean APE or LM domain score). Results: HER2 positivity and the hormone receptor negative/HER2+ molecular subtype were associated with lower adjusted mean self-reported cognition scores and higher impairment rates (p values <.05). Higher stage of disease was associated with lower objective performance in APE. Other tumor features were associated with cognition in unadjusted and adjusted models, including larger tumor size and lower PCI scores (p = 0.02). Tumor features were not related to LM. Conclusions: Pre-adjuvant therapy cognition was associated with HER2 positivity and higher stage of disease and other features of aggressive tumors. Additional research is needed to confirm these results and assess potential mechanisms and clinical management strategies.
A Coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach as a Viable Tool for Thermal History Assessment of UNS S32205 Duplex Stainless Steels Friction Stir Welded Joints
Authors: Figueiredo Guilherme Gadelha de Sousa , Marques Igor Jordão , Siqueira Lucas Oliveira , Shen Jiajia , Oliveira João Pedro , Santos Tiago Felipe de Abreu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Friction stir welding is a manufacturing process with several positive outputs for duplex stainless steel joints, such as improved mechanical resistance and maintenance of optimal phase fraction. Duplex steels are vastly used in naval and petrochemical operations, being commonly manufactured and joined via welding processes. Thus, there is high demand for straightforward methods of thermal evaluation of friction stir welded joints. In this sense, numerical models are a practical tool for assessing the joints’ welding condition. This work focused on the development and application of a more complete coupled numerical model for friction stir welding of UNS S32205 plates in order to correlate processing conditions with microstructure evolution. A peak temperature of 1213 ºC at the joint’s central line was observed. Distributions of temperature and material flow through the joint cross-section indicate that a more intense material flow at retreating side favors coarser grain size. Simulation results indicated that the strain rate plays a more intense effect in microstructure development compared to the welding peak temperatures. The coupled numerical model was additionally used to obtain temperature profile of the tool, which was thermally stable even after standing temperature values greater than 1200ºC. Even after 18 cm of welding procedure, deterioration of tool was not observed, leading to sound welded joints.
Micropropagation of medicinally important enset (Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman) landraces
Authors: Nuraga Gizachew Woldesenbet , Tesfaye Kassahun , Demissew Sebsebe , Feyissa Tileye 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Cultivated enset (Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman) is commonly propagated vegetatively due to various reasons. This conventional mode of propagation is vulnerable to transmission of devastating diseases like bacterial wilt, and results in poor propagation rate. Most of the landraces used in traditional medicine are susceptible to diseases, and vulnerable to various other constraints. Micropropagation of two landraces (guarye and kibnar) used in traditional medicine was conducted using shoot tip explants on Murashige and Skoog medium. At the initiation stage, significantly highest systemic contamination (17.67%) was recorded on MS medium without antibiotics (cefotaxime) as compared to the treatments that contain 250 and 500 mg l-1 cefotaxime. The highest mean shoot number (8.8+1.40) per shoot tip was regenerated on MS medium containing 5.0 mgl-1 BAP in combination with 1.0 mg l-1 IBA. From the two enset landraces, higher mean shoot number (6.88) per shoot tip was obtained from guarye. The highest root number (3.0) per shoot was obtained from both full and half-strength MS medium containing 3.0 mgl-1 IBA and 2.0 mgl-1 IBA, respectively. The protocol can be employed for rapid propagation and conservation of the landraces as well as for its future genetic improvement using biotechnological tools.