bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re-Analyses of Samples From Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients and Controls Identify Many Novel Small RNAs With Diagnostic And Prognostic Potential
Authors: Loher Phillipe , Londin Eric , Ilieva Hristelina , Pasinelli Piera , Rigoutsos Isidore 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a highly heterogeneous disease for which accurate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are needed. Toward this goal, we reanalyzed two published collections of datasets generated from the plasma and serum of ALS patients and controls. We profiled these datasets for isoforms of microRNAs (miRNAs) known as isomiRs, transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs), and ribosomal RNA-derived fragments (rRFs), placing all remaining reads into a group labeled “not-itrs.” We found that plasma and serum are rich in isomiRs (canonical, non-canonical, and non-templated), tRFs, rRFs, and members of an emerging class of small RNAs known as Y RNA-derived fragments (yRFs). In both analyzed collections, we found many isomiRs, tRFs, rRFs, and yRFs that are differentially abundant between patients and controls. We also performed a survival analysis that considered Riluzole treatment status, demographics (age at onset, age at enrollment, sex), and disease characteristics (ALSFRS, rD50, onset type) and found many of the differentially abundant small RNAs to be associated with survival time, with some of these associations being independent of Riluzole treatment. Unexpectedly, many not-itrs that did not map to the human genome mapped exactly to sequences from the SILVA database of ribosomal DNAs (rDNAs). Not-itrs from the plasma datasets mapped primarily to rDNAs from the order of Burkholderiales, and several of them were associated with patient survival. Not-itrs from the serum datasets also showed support for rDNA from Burkholderiales but a stronger support for rDNAs from the fungi group of the Nucletmycea taxon. The findings suggest that many previously unexplored small non-coding RNAs, including human isomiRs, tRFs, rRFs, and yRFs, could potentially serve as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for ALS.
On the bijectivity of the map $$\chi $$
Authors: Graner Anna-Maurin , Kriepke Björn , Krompholz Lucas , Kyureghyan Gohar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We prove that for

$$n>1$$

n
>
1

the map

$$\chi :\mathbb {F}_q^n \rightarrow \mathbb {F}_q^n$$

χ
:

F
q
n

→

F
q
n

, defined by

$$y=\chi (x)$$

y
=
χ
(
x
)

with

$$y_i = x_i + x_{i+2}\cdot (1+x_{i+1})$$

y
i

=

x
i

+

x

i
+
2

·

(
1
+

x

i
+
1

)

for

$$1\le i \le n$$

1
≤
i
≤
n

, is bijective if and only if

$$q=2$$

q
=
2

and n is odd, as it was conjectured by Schoone and Daemen in 2024.
Mitochondriale und zytosolische Systeme der Eisen-Schwefel-Proteinbiogenese
Authors: Lill Roland 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Iron-sulfur (FeS) clusters require a complex biosynthesis pathway, despite the simplicity of these versatile, inorganic protein cofactors. The process starts in mitochondria by action of the iron-sulfur cluster assembly (ISC) machinery and is the essential and minimal function of these organelles. The ISC system further assists the cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly (CIA) system in maturing FeS proteins in both cytosol and nucleus. Here, I briefly summarize our current mechanistic knowledge of this essential process of life.
Biosynthese von Glycerin in Dunaliella tertiolecta unter Salzstress
Authors: Keil Linda , Mehlmer Norbert , Garbe Daniel , Brück Thomas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta phototrophically generates glycerol as an osmolyte in response to salt stress. This biogenic carbon sink is also a platform intermediate for the chemical sector. A synergistic genome and time resolved proteome analysis deciphered the metabolic pathways activated under salt stress. Immediately (30 min) Ca2+ signaling pathways and ions channels are activated, while in the longer term (24 h) cellular energy production and homeostasis pathways are upregulated.
Designer-Mikroben für eine CO2-basierte Bioökonomie
Authors: Wenk Sebastian , Schann Karin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2), a major contributor to climate change, holds promise as a resource for sustainable biotechnology. Advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering have enabled the creation/engineering of microorganisms that utilize CO2 or CO2-derived C1 compounds, such as methanol and formate, as substrates for bioproduction. Key breakthroughs include the development of synthetic metabolic pathways, such as the reductive glycine pathway and Serine-Threonine Cycle. The engineering of these pathways was supported by growth-coupled selection and adaptive laboratory evolution for strain optimization. These innovations underscore the potential for a CO2-based bioeconomy, paving the way for sustainable alternatives to fossil-based processes.
RNA-Sequenzierung zur Analyse Epstein-Barr-Virus-codierter microRNAs
Authors: Hohmann Tim , Jasinski-Bergner Simon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The RNA species of microRNAs represents an important component of post-transcriptional gene regulation. Herpes viruses, including the Epstein-Barr virus, encode their own microRNA genes, which play a relevant role in crucial cellular processes, including immune evasion, but also in the malignant transformation of host cells. Modern transcriptome analyses, including RNA sequencing, contribute significantly to the identification of these direct and indirect molecular regulatory relationships.
How does consumer quality preference impact blockchain adoption in supply chains?
Authors: Ma Benedict Jun , Liu Samuel Shuai , Huang George Q. , Ng Chi-To 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Blockchain technology is increasingly used to ensure the authenticity of product information in supply chains. As digital transparency becomes a key factor in modern commerce, the evaluation of blockchain’s value becomes important. In this paper, we model a supply chain with a manufacturer and an online retailer to study the role of blockchain in the marketplace and wholesale price models. Particularly, we take consumer quality preference into account and examine its impact on blockchain adoption. We discuss how blockchain ensures the authenticity of quality information shared between the manufacturer and retailer while improving consumers’ perceived product value. Our findings indicate that blockchain enhances information transparency and reduces the impact of commissions on pricing in the wholesale price model, which is beneficial to both the manufacturer and the retailer. This is significantly advantageous when quality-conscious consumers dominate the marketplace model. We recommend that the manufacturer and retailer should assess consumer preferences for product quality and carefully weigh the cost of implementing blockchain. Blockchain reduces constraints from commission-driven pricing, offering greater flexibility in business model selection. Additionally, transparency improvements are crucial when implementing blockchain in the marketplace model.
Residue class biases in unrestricted partitions, partitions into distinct parts, and overpartitions
Authors: Schlosser Michael J. , Zhou Nian Hong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We prove specific biases in the number of occurrences of parts belonging to two different residue classes a and b, modulo a fixed nonnegative integer m, for the sets of unrestricted partitions, partitions into distinct parts, and overpartitions. These biases follow from inequalities for residue-weighted partition functions for the respective sets of partitions. We also establish asymptotic formulas for the numbers of partitions of size n that belong to these sets of partitions and have a symmetric residue class bias (i.e., for

$$1\le a<m/2$$

1
≤
a
<
m
/
2

and

$$b=m-a$$

b
=
m
-
a

), as n tends to infinity.
Multi-valued variational inequalities for variable exponent double phase problems: comparison and extremality results
Authors: Carl Siegfried , Le Vy Khoi , Winkert Patrick 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We prove existence and comparison results for multi-valued variational inequalities in a bounded domain

$$\Omega $$

Ω

of the form

$$\begin{aligned} u\in K{:}\, 0 \in Au+\partial I_K(u)+{\mathcal {F}}(u)+{\mathcal {F}}_\Gamma (u)\quad \text {in }W^{1, {\mathcal {H}}}(\Omega )^*, \end{aligned}$$

u
∈
K
:

0
∈
A
u
+
∂

I
K

(
u
)

+
F

(
u
)

+

F
Γ

(
u
)

in

W

1
,
H

(
Ω
)

∗

,

where

$$A{:}\,W^{1, {\mathcal {H}}}(\Omega ) \rightarrow W^{1, {\mathcal {H}}}(\Omega )^*$$

A
:

W

1
,
H

(
Ω
)

→

W

1
,
H

(
Ω
)

∗

given by

$$\begin{aligned} Au:=-\text {div}\left( |\nabla u|^{p(x)-2} \nabla u+ \mu (x) |\nabla u|^{q(x)-2} \nabla u\right) \end{aligned}$$

A
u
:
=
-
div

|
∇
u
|

p
(
x
)
-
2

∇
u
+
μ

(
x
)

|
∇
u
|

q
(
x
)
-
2

∇
u

for

$$u \in W^{1, {\mathcal {H}}}(\Omega )$$

u
∈

W

1
,
H

(
Ω
)

, is the double phase operator with variable exponents and

$$W^{1, {\mathcal {H}}}(\Omega )$$

W

1
,
H

(
Ω
)

is the associated Musielak–Orlicz Sobolev space. First, an existence result is proved under some weak coercivity condition. Our main focus aims at the treatment of the problem under consideration when coercivity fails. To this end we establish the method of sub–super-solution for the multi-valued variational inequality in the space

$$W^{1, {\mathcal {H}}}(\Omega )$$

W

1
,
H

(
Ω
)

based on appropriately defined sub- and super-solutions, which yields the existence of solutions within an ordered interval of sub–super-solution. Moreover, the existence of extremal solutions will be shown provided the closed, convex subset K of

$$W^{1, {\mathcal {H}}}(\Omega )$$

W

1
,
H

(
Ω
)

satisfies a lattice condition. As an application of the sub–super-solution method we are able to show that a class of generalized variational–hemivariational inequalities with a leading double phase operator are included as a special case of the multi-valued variational inequality considered here. Based on a fixed point argument, we also study the case when the corresponding Nemytskij operators

$${\mathcal {F}}, {\mathcal {F}}_\Gamma $$

F
,

F
Γ

need not be continuous. At the end, we give an example of the construction of sub- and supersolutions related to the problem above.
Acute readmissions among care home residents aged 65+ years: a register-based study
Authors: Kristensen Gitte Schultz , Søndergaard Jens , Andersen-Ranberg Karen , Mogensen Christian Backer 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Care home residents are characterised by multimorbidity, cognitive impairment, and physical disabilities, resulting in a high risk of acute admissions and readmissions. The risk factors for acute readmissions may differ from those affecting older adults in the community. This study aims to identify risk factors associated with acute readmissions among care home residents within 30 days of discharge from an acute hospital admission.

Methods
We included all care home residents aged 65 + years living in Southern Jutland in Denmark from 2014 to 2019 who were discharged from their first acute hospital admission (lasting 12 + h) in the study period. Data on baseline characteristics, index admissions, 30-day readmissions, and mortality were obtained from the highly valid Danish national health registries. Cox regression was employed to identify factors associated with acute readmissions.

Results
The care home residents had a mean age of 83.9–86.2 at index admission, and 57.0–62.3% were women. Of 2108 initial admissions, 328 (15.6%) resulted in an acute readmission, and 302 (14.3%) died within 30 days of follow-up. Notably, nearly half of the readmissions occurred within 1 week of discharge. Being a new care home resident (care home residency < 3 months) was associated with acute readmission (HR 1.40), as was a medical history of cancer (HR 1.31), diabetes (HR 1.45), atrial fibrillation (HR 1.54), and COPD/asthma (HR 1.36). Conversely, dementia was associated with a significantly lower risk of acute readmission (HR 0.71).

Conclusion
Our findings can help identify care home residents at elevated risk of readmission shortly after discharge.
Effect of Blastocyst Morphology and Developmental Rate on Euploidy and Live Birth Rates in PGT-A Cycles: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Xiaojiao , Fan Yong , Ji Hui , Zhou Lin , Wu Xun , Wei Yi , Cao Shanren , Zhang Junqiang , Ling Xiufeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study was to evaluate the relationship between morphology or developmental rate of blastocysts and ploidy status in preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) cycles, or live birth rates in single euploid frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles. We focused on infertile patients who underwent PGT-A procedures, following with single euploid FET cycles in the assisted reproduction center from January 2016 to December 2022. Blastocysts were categorized for biopsy, and euploid embryos would be selected for transfer. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the effects of blastocoel expansion degree, inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) grades and developmental stage (Day 5, 6 and 7) on euploidy and live birth rates. A total of 4172 blastocysts from 941 PGT-A cycles were included. Expansion 4 were associated with lower euploidy rate than expansion 5 (P = 0.011) and 6 (P = 0.001). Better ICM (P < 0.05 for A compared to B grade) increased blastocyst euploidy. Euploidy rate was significantly associated with A grade TE (P < 0.001). However, no relationship existed between blastocyst euploidy and developmental rate. Furthermore, live birth rates had no significant effect on most of morphological parameters in euploidy blastocyst FET cycles, only A grade TE was shown higher live birth rate than C grade (P = 0.024). The rate of euploidy in morphologically poor blastocysts is low in the cohort, but the developmental rate does not associate with euploidy. Moreover, only TE grades take association with live birth rates, when the single euploidy blastocyst was transplanted.
Competence required while caring for people living with mental illness in the ambulance care setting: a Delphi study
Authors: Holmberg Mats , Hammarbäck Staffan , Andersson Henrik 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
People living with mental illness form a significant component of individuals presenting to emergency care services. Ambulance care embraces the care and treatment given to people of all ages who have suffered a sudden illness or injury and is carried out twenty-four-seven, regardless of setting and organizational belonging.

Aim
The aim was to explore ambulance clinicians’ competence requirements in caring for people living with mental illness.

Method
The study had a deductive and explorative design. A Delphi method was adopted using a group of experienced individuals recruited from the emergency care chain and non-governmental organizations (N = 15). An initial open-ended questionnaire was distributed covering three questions about; (1) knowledge, (2) skills and (3) attitudes that ambulance clinicians need to care for people living with mental illness. The informants’ answers were analysed using a manifest content analysis ending up in statements designed into a questionnaire that was sent out digitally in two rounds.

Results
The 57 statements that reached consensus could be categorised as referring to knowledge (n = 26), skills (n = 13) and attitude (n = 18).

Conclusion
Ambulance clinicians are expected to manage a range of incidents involving people living with mental illness, demanding knowledge of mental illness and the skills of mental health assessment, to ensure ambulance clinicians have the ability and non-judgmental attitude to make appropriate decisions within a caring encounter.
China’s evolving security engagement in Africa: Policies, strategies, and implications
Authors: Lammich Georg 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper examines China’s evolving security engagement in Africa, focusing on the recent shifts in policy and strategy as China’s global influence expands. By employing a multi-dimensional research approach, including fieldwork with semi-structured interviews, and a thorough analysis of official Chinese documents, the study highlights key examples from Tanzania, Ethiopia, and the African Union. China’s security engagement is characterised by a dual strategy of hard and soft security measures, including military presence, arms transfers, and diplomatic initiatives. The research identifies a significant transition from primarily economic-focused interactions to a more nuanced strategy that incorporates military cooperation and diplomatic interventions. This shift reflects China’s response to the complex geopolitical dynamics within Africa and its broader ambitions on the global stage. While still largely state-centric, China’s engagement is beginning to adopt more assertive security strategies, driven by the need to protect its investments and citizens in conflict-prone regions, as well as to position itself as a responsible global actor in peace and security. Despite these developments, China’s approach remains cautious and reactive, constrained by its policy principles and the complexities of African geopolitics.
King Alfred and the Opening of the Medieval Mind: A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Wade Erik 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The public humanities have shaped ideas about sex, race, and gender. This is a cautionary tale that points to the repeated problems of the model of public humanities as academics or elites dispensing knowledge to a public audience. King Alfred of England ordered a set of texts “most needful for all men to know” translated into English. Long celebrated in English history as an example of public education, these translations also put forward certain ideas about race and sexuality for the emerging English public, a reminder of the ideological function of the public humanities. Likewise, modern scholars worried about medieval and classical texts that depict homosexuality becoming available to the public, so they refused to translate them or altered them. As a counter to such models, I consider the seventh-century Archbishop Theodore, a Syrian-born ecclesiast who ran the English church and who provides a model of a collaborative public humanities in which lay people shape knowledge and law together. Their model of public humanities encourages us to explore the historical Black public and their contributions to medieval studies that academic medieval studies have ignored.
Graph connectivity with fixed endpoints in the random-connection model
Authors: Liu Qingwei , Privault Nicolas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We consider the count of subgraphs with an arbitrary configuration of endpoints in the random-connection model based on a Poisson point process on

${\mathord{\mathbb R}}^d$

. We present combinatorial expressions for the computation of the cumulants and moments of all orders of such subgraph counts, which allow us to estimate the growth of cumulants as the intensity of the underlying Poisson point process goes to infinity. As a consequence, we obtain a central limit theorem with explicit convergence rates under the Kolmogorov distance and connectivity bounds. Numerical examples are presented using a computer code in SageMath for the closed-form computation of cumulants of any order, for any type of connected subgraph, and for any configuration of endpoints in any dimension

$d{\geq} 1$

. In particular, graph connectivity estimates, Gram–Charlier expansions for density estimation, and correlation estimates for joint subgraph counting are obtained.
A Modeling Study of the Topographic Effects on Shallow Convective Clouds
Authors: Gong Mingxin , Fu Shizuo , Liu Jane , Deng Xin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractShallow convective clouds (SCCs) play important roles in the Earth system. Previous studies mostly focus on SCCs over the oceans or plains. It is unclear how topography affects SCCs. In this study, the impacts of isolated ridges on the development of SCCs are investigated using large‐eddy simulations, where the maximum height and the half‐width of the ridge are systematically varied. In all simulations, the potential temperature over the ridge top is higher than over the plain, and the difference increases with the volume of the ridge. Upslope winds are only produced in simulations where the maximum slope angle is >0.5°. The vapor transport by upslope winds tends to increase the humidity over the ridge top. On the contrary, the dry air entrained from above the convective boundary layer tends to decrease the humidity over the ridge top. The upslope winds from the two sides of the ridge collide near the ridge top. This produces wide updrafts, and thereby facilitates the development of SCCs. As the ridge geometry varies, the variation of the depth of SCCs is collectively determined by the variations of the temperature, humidity, and updrafts. The depth of the SCCs increases with the maximum height of the ridge. It also increases as the half‐width increases from 2 to 8 km, but only slightly changes as the half‐width further increases to 16 km. The results of this study can potentially be used to implement the topographic effects in the parameterizations of SCCs.
Direct observation of the topological pruning in silica glass network; the key for realizing extreme transparency
Authors: Ono Madoka , Tanabe Yasuhito , Fujioka Masaya , Yamada Hiroki , Ohara Koji , Kohara Shinji , Fujinami Masanori , Nishii Junji 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The optical transparency of silica glass significantly improves when subjected to compression at its melting temperature. Using a rare hydrostatic iso-pressure apparatus capable of reaching 0.98 GPa at 1800 °C with Ar gas as the pressure medium, we obtained centimeter-sized glass samples, allowing us to measure various properties. Both the density and refractive index increased with pressure, while the refractive index dispersion decreased monotonically. However, Rayleigh scattering intensity, and small ring structures show a minimum around 0.8 GPa. High-energy X-ray scattering analysis indicates that the short-range structure, around 4 Å, governs the monotonic trends in the averaged physical properties, such as density and refractive index. In contrast, non-monotonic changes are observed with the disappearance of intermediate-range order at around 8 Å. This simplification of structural ordering is crucial for achieving extreme transparency in silica glass. The effect of suppression of the 8 Å order is well explained by the predicted topological pruning phenomenon, where large voids and small unstable ring structures vanish, leading to the minimal light scattering under high pressure. Our experimental findings also reveal that the optimal pressure for achieving this transparency is much lower than previously predicted, which makes the process more feasible for mass-production applications.
First principles calculations of carrier dynamics of screw dislocation
Authors: Gao Qiang , Zheng Zhengneng , Fan Moshang , Wang Lin-Wang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Nonradiative carrier recombination (NCR) in semiconductor is a fundamental process determining the efficiencies of many semiconductor devices. There is a longstanding debate on which line defect is an efficient NCR center, especially in third generation semiconductor. Here we developed a systematic method to calculate the electronic structure and NCR dynamics of screw dislocation. We studied the full-core screw dislocation of GaN with atomic structure taken from TEM images, and found that there are inside band gap dislocation states. Under n-type GaN condition, these band gap states will become occupied, making the core negatively charged, and inducing a potential well, which will attract minority hole carriers. Large-scale NAMD simulation shows that the holes can easily jump across a small band gap in the dislocation state band structure and hence will be annihilated with the electron nonradiatively, which agrees with the experimental observation of the photoluminescence dark spot on each dislocation.