bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Handshake stewardship reduces carbapenem prescription in a pediatric critical care setting
Authors: Kit‐Anan Waratchaya , Boonsathorn Sophida , Anantasit Nattachai , Techasaensiri Chonnamet , Chaisavaneeyakorn Sujittra , Apiwattanakul Nopporn 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntensive care unit (ICU) settings typically have a high‐volume prescription of carbapenems. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) aim to promote appropriate antibiotic use. Handshake stewardship (HS) is adapted from ASPs but focuses on direct feedback to physicians who prescribed antibiotics regarding the appropriateness of antibiotic prescription. This study aimed to evaluate the impact and acceptability of HS on carbapenem consumption in pediatric critical care settings.MethodsThis study was conducted over 18 months spanning pre‐and post‐implementation of HS. Carbapenem prescriptions were automatically discontinued during the pre‐implementation period after 72 h if no indications existed. During the post‐implementation, HS was performed by direct feedback to ICU physicians regarding the appropriateness of carbapenem prescriptions within 24 h. The primary outcome was the carbapenem consumption rate, defined as days of therapy (DOT)/1,000 patient‐ICU days. Secondary outcomes were the acceptability of HS, length of critical care stay (LOCS), 30‐day infection‐related mortality rate, and the rate of carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE).ResultsThere were 212 carbapenem prescriptions (163 patients) and 174 carbapenem prescriptions (110 patients) in the pre‐and post‐implementation periods, respectively. Carbapenem consumption decreased significantly from 667 to 369 DOT/1,000 patient‐ICU days, with a median difference of 292 DOT/1,000 patient‐ICU days (P < 0.001; 95% confidence interval: 175–408) after HS implementation. The acceptability of the HS was 95.4%. The LOCS, 30‐day infection‐related mortality, and CRE rate were not significantly different between pre‐and post‐implementation periods.ConclusionsHandshake stewardship significantly reduced carbapenem prescription in critically ill pediatric patients without negatively affecting patient outcomes.
Glyoxalase III enhances salinity tolerance through reactive oxygen species scavenging and reduced glycation
Authors: Ghosh Ajit , Mustafiz Ananda , Pareek Ashwani , Sopory Sudhir K. , Singla‐Pareek Sneh L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMethylglyoxal (MG) is a metabolically generated highly cytotoxic compound that accumulates in all living organisms, from Escherichia coli to humans, under stress conditions. To detoxify MG, nature has evolved reduced glutathione (GSH)‐dependent glyoxalase and NADPH‐dependent aldo‐keto reductase systems. But both GSH and NADPH have been reported to be limiting in plants under stress conditions, and thus detoxification might not be performed efficiently. Recently, glyoxalase III (GLY III)‐like enzyme activity has been reported from various species, which can detoxify MG without any cofactor. In the present study, we have tested whether an E. coli gene, hchA, encoding a functional GLY III, could provide abiotic stress tolerance to living systems. Overexpression of this gene showed improved tolerance in E. coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells against salinity, dicarbonyl, and oxidative stresses. Ectopic expression of the E. coli GLY III gene (EcGLY‐III) in transgenic tobacco plants confers tolerance against salinity at both seedling and reproductive stages as indicated by their height, weight, membrane stability index, and total yield potential. Transgenic plants showed significantly increased glyoxalase and antioxidant enzyme activity that resisted the accumulation of excess MG and reactive oxygen species (ROS) during stress. Moreover, transgenic plants showed more anti‐glycation activity to inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end product (AGE) that might prevent transgenic plants from stress‐induced senescence. Taken together, all these observations indicate that overexpression of EcGLYIII confers salinity stress tolerance in plants and should be explored further for the generation of stress‐tolerant plants.
How do veterans view gun policies? Evidence from the Guns in American Life Survey
Authors: Ellison Christopher G. , Kelley Margaret S. , Leal David , Gonzalez Pablo E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveDo veterans of the U.S. armed forces, a population with unique knowledge of and experience with guns, have distinctive views of gun control policies? While veterans are commonly assumed to be conservatives and Republicans, an emerging body of work has begun to explore the complexities of their policy opinions, partisanship, and voting behaviors. Such work provides needed nuance about this symbolically and politically important group.MethodsUsing the Guns in American Life Survey (2018, n = 3103), we test whether veterans (with combat and noncombat experiences), family members of veterans, and nonveterans have different perspectives, even after taking into account factors such as gun ownership and partisanship.
ResultsThe findings indicate that veterans (and particularly combat veterans) are more supportive than nonveterans of expanding civilians' gun carrying rights. On the other hand, veterans with and without combat experience are more likely to favor banning AR15 and military‐style rifles and high‐capacity ammunition clips. Veterans are also more likely to favor a 14‐day waiting period for all gun purchases, but they do not have unique positions on mental health screening for gun purchases.ConclusionTaken together, these findings appear to reflect a veteran population that is positively disposed toward guns in general but also understands the destructive power of military‐style weapons.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Recirculation Structures in Isothermal Swirling Coaxial Jet
Authors: Pattanshetti Arun , Santhosh R. , Attar Nasir 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulations are conducted in a coaxial swirling jet. Two distinct types of recirculation zones (RZ) relevant to coaxial swirling jets are considered based on the modified Rossby number Rom, which is known to represent the ratio of axial velocity deficit between two coaxial streams to the characteristic tangential velocity at the nozzle exit. The two flow states studied are Rom&gt;1 and Rom≤1. The former is characterized by regions of high strain (especially in the shear layer between central and coaxial jet). It is found in this study that renormalization group (RNG) k−ɛ model is the suitable model for 3D URANS simulation of Rom&gt;1 flow state. This is attributed to the model's ability to simulate flow regions that are heavily strained. The simulated results are compared with two-dimensional laser Doppler velocimetry measurements conducted as part of this study. For the flow states Rom≤1, which are characterized by the dominance of radial pressure gradient arising due to rotational (swirling) effect over the pressure gradient due to axial velocity deficit, the Reynolds stress model (RSM) is found best to simulate the flow topologies and mean and turbulent quantities. The time-averaged results obtained from optimized turbulent models are employed to gain insights into the fluid mixing phenomenon in these RZs. The unsteady axial velocity fluctuations obtained from both experiments and URANS simulations are analyzed in the frequency domain to gain insights into dominant axial oscillations prevalent in RZs.
Investigation on the Contribution of Large-Scale Fluctuation and Small-Scale Disturbance of Coolant to Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Rectangular Channel With Pin Fins
Authors: Duan Jingtian , Zhang Ke , Xu Jin , Lei Jiang , Wu Junmei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The flow field in a channel with staggered pin-fin array was measured using time-resolved Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV). The distributions of flow field statistics were compared with those of Nusselt number on the endwall measured by thermochromic liquid crystal (TLC) of the same geometry. Lower-order large-scale fluctuation and higher order small-scale disturbances were examined separately using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) to study the flow field characteristics and their individual effect on the heat transfer enhancement. Pin fins with circular and square cross-section geometries were studied at Reynolds numbers of 10,000 and 20,000. Results indicate that for circular pin fins, the distribution of lateral/transverse velocity fluctuations or turbulent kinetic energy from large-scale vortex shedding resembles that of local Nu, and the heat transfer augmentation downstream of the recirculation zone is dominant, while the heat transfer enhancement is limited in the shear layer on both sides of recirculation where disturbances are small scale. However, for square pin fins, heat transfer augmentation in the shear layer is as strong as that downstream of recirculation, while large-scale fluctuations downstream is much weaker than small scale disturbances in the shear layer. Compared to small-scale disturbances, large-scale fluctuations are found to contribute more efficiently to endwall heat transfer enhancement both for circular and for square pin fins. Large-scale fluctuation, as well as heat transfer enhancement, weakens with the increase in Reynolds number, while smaller-scale disturbance grows stronger at the same time.
Bone Remodeling Around Solid and Porous Interbody Cages in the Lumbar Spine
Authors: Talukdar Rahul Gautam , Saviour Ceby Mullakkara , Tiwarekar Kaustubh , Dhara Santanu , Gupta Sanjay 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpinal fusion is an effective surgical treatment for intervertebral disk degeneration. However, the consequences of implantation with interbody cages on load transfer and bone remodeling in the vertebral bodies have scarcely been investigated. Using detailed three-dimensional models of an intact and implanted lumbar spine and the strain energy density based bone remodeling algorithm, this study aimed to investigate the evolutionary changes in distribution of bone density (ρ) around porous and solid interbody cages. Follower load technique and submodeling approach were employed to simulate applied loading conditions on the lumbar spine models. The study determined the relationship between mechanical properties and parametrical characteristics of porous body-centered-cubic (BCC) models, which corroborated well with Gibson-Ashby and exponential regression models. Variations in porosity affected the peri-prosthetic stress distributions and bone remodeling around the cages. In comparison to the solid cage, stresses and strains in the cancellous bone decreased with an increase in cage porosity; whereas the range of motion increased. For the solid cage, increase in bone density of 20–28% was predicted in the L4 inferior and L5 superior regions; whereas the model with 78% porosity exhibited a small 3–5% change in bone density. An overall increase of 9–14% bone density was predicted in the L4 and L5 vertebrae after remodeling for solid interbody cages, which may influence disk degeneration in the adjacent segment. In comparison to the solid cage, an interbody cage with 65-78% porosity could be a viable and promising alternative, provided sufficient mechanical strength is offered.
Effects of Task Constraints on Countermovement Jump Kinematics Following a Short-Term Training
Authors: Emamian Amirhossein , Hashemi Oskouei Alireza , Azreh Rasoul , Carroll Kevin 
Published: April 2022

In previous studies, the acute effects of movement constraints on the countermovement jump performance are investigated; however, the longitudinal effects of implementing the constraint in a training regimen are not well studied. The purpose of this study was to examine the phenomenon of motor learning development due to application of task constraint in a training regimen following 6 weeks of training. Forty-five healthy adult males were randomly assigned to a control or one of two experimental constraint training groups (i.e., no arm swing or restricted knee flexion). Pre- and posttraining jump height and kinematic variables of six maximum effort countermovement jumps were compared longitudinally within the groups, and also compared between the groups. The findings of this study indicated that jump height significantly increased in all the groups while in the unrestricted control group it was increased greater than the experimental conditions (21% compared with 12% and 5.5%). However, the applied task constraints significantly improved some of the contributors to jump performance, establishing specific adaptation of kinematic variables to the constraint training. Therefore, constraint training approach could be suggested in case of demanding specific adaptation of kinematic variables of countermovement jump in a training regimen.
Is the risk of cardiovascular disease in women with pre-eclampsia modified by very low or very high offspring birth weight? A nationwide cohort study in Norway
Authors: Riise Hilde Kristin Refvik , Igland Jannicke , Sulo Gerhard , Iversen Marjolein Memelink , Graue Marit , Eskild Anne , Tell Grethe Seppola , Daltveit Anne Kjersti 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesTo examine whether the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women with pre-eclampsia is modified by very low or very high offspring birth weight. Further, we studied whether diabetes in pregnancy modified this risk.DesignNationwide cohort study.SettingNorwegian population registries.Participants618 644 women who gave birth to their first child during 1980–2009.MethodsThe women were followed from delivery until the development of CVD or censoring, by linkage of the Medical Birth Registry of Norway to the Cardiovascular Disease in Norway project, and the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry.Primary outcome measure: CVD.ResultsCompared with normotensive women with normal offspring birth weight, women with pre-eclampsia had increased risk of CVD (HR 2.16; 95% CI 2.05 to 2.26). The CVD risk was even higher when pre-eclampsia was accompanied with a large for gestational age offspring (LGA, z-score >2.0) (HR 2.57; 95% CI 2.08 to 3.18). Women with pre-eclampsia and a small for gestational age offspring (SGA, z-score <−2.0) had an HR of 1.54 (95% CI 1.23 to 1.93) compared with normotensive women with normal offspring birth weight.Also, women with diabetes had increased CVD risk, but no additional risk associated with an LGA or SGA offspring.ConclusionsWomen with pre-eclampsia and an LGA offspring had higher risk of CVD than pre-eclamptic women with a normal weight (z-score −2.0 to 2.0) or SGA offspring. These findings suggest that factors causing pre-eclampsia and an LGA offspring are also linked to development of CVD.
Clinical, radiological and molecular studies in 24 individuals with Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen dysplasia and Smith-McCort dysplasia from India
Authors: Varshney Kruti , Narayanachar Sanjeeva Ghanti , Girisha Katta M , Bhavani Gandham SriLakshmi , Narayanan Dhanyalakshmi , Phadke Shubha , Nampoothiri Sheela , Udupi Gautham Arunachal , Raghupathy Palany , Nair Mohandas , Geetha Thenral S , Bhat Meenakshi 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundDyggve-Melchior-Clausen dysplasia (DMC) and Smith-McCort dysplasia (SMC types 1 and 2) are rare spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasias with identical radiological findings. The presence of intellectual disability in DMC and normal intellect in SMC differentiates the two. DMC and SMC1 are allelic and caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous variants inDYM. SMC2 is caused by variations inRAB33B. BothDYMandRAB33Bare important in intravesicular transport and function in the Golgi apparatus.MethodsDetailed clinical phenotyping and skeletal radiography followed by molecular testing were performed in all affected individuals. Next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing were used to confirmDYMandRAB33Bvariants. Sanger sequencing of familial variants was done in all parents.Results24 affected individuals from seven centres are described. 18 had DMC and 6 had SMC2. Parental consanguinity was present in 15 of 19 (79%). Height <3 SD and gait abnormalities were seen in 20 and 14 individuals, respectively. The characteristic radiological findings of lacy iliac crests and double-humped vertebral bodies were seen in 96% and 88% of the affected. Radiological findings became attenuated with age. 23 individuals harboured biallelic variants in eitherDYMorRAB33B. Fourteen different variants were identified, out of which 10 were novel. The most frequently occurring variants in this group were c.719 C>A (3), c.1488_1489del (2), c.1484dup (2) and c.1563+2T>C (2) in DYM and c.400C>T (2) and c.186del (2) inRAB33B. The majority of these have not been reported previously.ConclusionThis large cohort from India contributes to the increasing knowledge of clinical and molecular findings in these rare ‘Golgipathies’.
Fast simulation of a high granularity calorimeter by generative adversarial networks
Authors: Khattak Gul Rukh , Vallecorsa Sofia , Carminati Federico , Khan Gul Muhammad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present the 3DGAN for the simulation of a future high granularity calorimeter output as three-dimensional images. We prove the efficacy of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for generating scientific data while retaining a high level of accuracy for diverse metrics across a large range of input variables. We demonstrate a successful application of the transfer learning concept: we train the network to simulate showers for electrons from a reduced range of primary energies, we then train further for a five times larger range (the model could not train for the larger range directly). The same concept is extended to generate showers for other particles depositing most of their energies in electromagnetic interactions (photons and neutral pions). In addition, the generation of charged pion showers is also explored, a more accurate effort would require additional data from other detectors not included in the scope of the current work. Our further contribution is a demonstration of using GAN-generated data for a practical application. We train a third-party network using GAN-generated data and prove that the response is similar to a network trained with data from the Monte Carlo simulation. The showers generated by GAN present accuracy within $$10\%$$

10
%

of Monte Carlo for a diverse range of physics features, with three orders of magnitude speedup. The speedup for both the training and inference can be further enhanced by distributed training.
Dark energy and accelerating cosmological evolution from osculating Barthel–Kropina geometry
Authors: Hama Rattanasak , Harko Tiberiu , Sabau Sorin V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFinsler geometry is an important extension of Riemann geometry, in which each point of the spacetime manifold is associated with an arbitrary internal variable. Two interesting Finsler geometries with many physical applications are the Randers and Kropina type geometries. A subclass of Finsler geometries is represented by the osculating Finsler spaces, in which the internal variable is a function of the base manifold coordinates only. In an osculating Finsler geometry, we introduce the Barthel connection, with the remarkable property that it is the Levi–Civita connection of a Riemannian metric. In the present work we consider the gravitational and cosmological implications of a Barthel–Kropina type geometry. We assume that in this geometry the Ricci type curvatures are related to the matter energy–momentum tensor by the standard Einstein equations. The generalized Friedmann equations in the Barthel–Kropina geometry are obtained by considering that the background Riemannian metric is of Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker type. The matter energy balance equation is also derived. The cosmological properties of the model are investigated in detail, and it is shown that the model admits a de Sitter type solution and that an effective dark energy component can also be generated. Several cosmological solutions are also obtained by numerically integrating the generalized Friedmann equations. A comparison of two specific classes of models with the observational data and with the standard $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM model is also performed, and it is found that the Barthel–Kropina type models give a satisfactory description of the observations.
Shock waves in relativistic anisotropic hydrodynamics
Authors: Kovalenko Aleksandr , Leonidov Andrei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractShock wave solutions in anisotropic relativistic hydrodynamics are analysed. A new phenomenon of anisotropy-related angular deflection of the incident flow by the shock wave front is described. Patterns of velocity and momentum transformation by the shock wave front are described.
Constructing Antibacterial Poly(Lactic Acid)/Chitosan Nanoparticles
Authors: Ibili Hatice , Dasdemir Mehmet 
Published: April 2022

Single and coaxial electrospraying techniques are superior nanofabrication methods for nanomaterial production. These nanomaterials have the unique capability to manipulate various surfaces and bring diverse additional functionalities. The objectives of the present study are to produce poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/chitosan nanoparticles and investigate the synergy of nanosize effect with different morphology structures in terms of achieved functionality. The impact of ambient humidity on coating morphology was examined via a scanning electron microscope, field emission scanning electron microscope and dynamic light scattering for size measurements and dimensional characterization of nanoparticles. The obtained results indicate that electrosprayed PLA polymer shows a tendency to have a more distinct pore structure than electrosprayed chitosan polymer. Humidity has an increasing effect on particle size. Another finding is the relationship between hygroscopic characteristics of polymer with nanoparticle size, polydispersity, surface morphology and pore structure. Overall, these methods introduced high antibacterial activity obtainment on electrosprayed surfaces. Up to 99.99% antibacterial activity was accomplished against Escherichia coli ([Formula: see text]) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria in regard to this study. The created surface layers also have the extensive potential of practicability for diversified kinds of surfaces and numerous combinations of polymers for multifunctional applications.