bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capitalization - profitability nexus: Applicability of capital theories in banking sector of BRICS Countries
Authors: Singhal Nikita , Goyal Shikha , Kumari Sapna , Fatima Humaira , Nagar Shweta 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to assess the nexus between capitalization and profitability in context of prevailing five theories of capitalization and profitability nexus. For testing the prevalence of capital theories in the banking sectors of the BRICS, the ARDL and VECM/VAR Granger causality tests are used in panel and individual setting on the data of BRICs banking sector from 2000 to 2020. Long-term empirical findings of the study corroborate the signalling theory and the bankruptcy cost hypothesis for the BRICS, Brazil, Russia, and India. While capitalization appears to have a significant negative impact on profitability in China and South Africa, this supports the agency theory. Profitability appears to have a significant favourable impact on capitalization in the long run, consistent with pecking order theory of Myers and Majluf (1984) theory for BRICS and Brazil. Profitability has a negative impact on capitalization in India and South Africa, confirming the findings of Modigliani and Miller (1958), and Miller (1977). The short-term estimation results are similar to the long-run results, although the significance is lower in most cases. The short-run and long-run assessments of the interrelationship between capital and profitability are especially important for the development of "macroprudential" measures.
Convective and Evaporative Heat Transfer Coefficients during Drying of Ivy Gourd under Natural and Forced Convection Solar Dryer
Authors: Elangovan Elavarasan , NATARAJAN SENDHIL KUMAR 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the present work, a study on convective heat, mass transfer coefficients and evaporative heat transfer coefficient of the thin layer drying process of ivy gourd is performed. The experiment was conducted in three drying modes such as natural, forced convection solar dryer and open sun drying. The hourly data for the rate of moisture removal, sample temperature, relative humidity inside and outside the solar and ambient air temperature for complete drying have been recorded. The drying air temperature was varied as 55, 65, 70 and 75 °C, and the air velocity is 1, 1.5 and 2 m/s. All the drying experiments had shown a falling rate period. The data obtained from experimentation have been used to evaluate the Experimental constant values of C and n by simple regression analysis. Based on the values of “C” and “n”, convective and evaporative heat transfer coefficients for ivy gourd were determined. The average convective heat and mass transfer coefficients varied between 2.641 and 8.305 W/m2°C and 0.0025 to 0.0076 m/s for temperature range, at the different air velocities, respectively. The average evaporative heat transfer coefficient for ivy gourd was varied from 181.89 to 421.84 W/m2°C. It was observed that convective and evaporative heat transfer coefficients increase with the increase in drying air temperature. The rate of increment of evaporative heat transfer coefficient is higher than the convective heat transfer coefficient. The intensity of heat and mass transfer during solar drying depends on the drying air temperature and velocity.
Predictors and histological effects of preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer and control of lateral lymph node metastasis
Authors: Miyakita Hiroshi , Chan Lin Fung , Okada Kazutake , Kayano Hajime , Mori Masaki , Sadahiro Sotaro , Yamamoto Seiichiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
[Introduction] Standard treatment strategy for low rectal cancer in Japan is different from Western countries. Total mesorectum excision (TME) + lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) is mainly carried out in Japan, whereas neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) + TME is selected in Western countries. There is no clear definition of preoperative diagnosis of lateral lymph node metastasis. If we can predict lateral lymph node swelling that can be managed by nCRT from lateral lymph node swelling that require surgical resection, clinical benefit is significant. In the current study we assessed characteristics of the lateral lymph node recurrence (LLNR) and LLND that can be managed by nCRT.[Patients and Methods] Patients with low rectal cancer (n=168) underwent nCRT between 2009 and 2016. We evaluated CEA, neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet / lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lateral lymph node short axis pre and post nCRT, respectively, and also evaluated tumor shrinkage rate, tumor regression grade (TRG). We evaluated the relationship between each and LLNR.[Results] LLND was not carried out all patients. Factors associated with LLNR were PLR and lymph node short axis pre and post nCRT. (p=0.0269, 0.0278, p＜0.0001, p＜0.0001, respectively). Positive recurrence cut-off values of lateral lymph node short-axis calculated were 11.6 mm pre nCRT and 5.5 mm post nCRT. [Conclusion] Results suggest that PLR before and after CRT was associated with control of LLNR, and LLND should be performed on lateral lymph nodes with short-axis of 5 mm and 11 mm pre and post nCRT.
Invariance of Electric and Magnetic Fields in Relativistic Electrodynamics
Authors: Ünlü Hilmi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The classical four-dimensional spacetime coordinate approach of special relativity is known to yield the electric (or magnetic) field components in one reference frame as mixture of both electric and magnetic field components in another reference frame. In this work we show that adding two extra time coordinates to four dimensional spacetime coordinates of classical theory yields electric (or magnetic) field components in one frame as mixture of only electric (magnetic) field components in another frame. In doing so, we use the conformal invariance condition for the six-dimensional metric and homogeneous Maxwell’s electromagnetic wave equations under the Voigt transformation between two massive inertial frames to derive a set of six dimensional linear spacetime coordinate equations in forward and inverse Lorentz transformations. The three space
coordinates yield time contraction (expansion) of volume with three-time coordinates vary linearly with space coordinates for forward (inverse) transformation between two massive frames moving relative to each other. We show that in such massive inertial framework the cartesian components of electric and magnetic fields are Lorentz invariant along three axes between two massive inertial frames. Furthermore, we prove that the components of electric and magnetic fields in one massive inertial frame can be expressed in terms of their components in another massive inertial frame. We further show that Maxwell’s electromagnetic wave equations are Lorentz invariant between two massive inertial frames in vacuum and material medium with and without charge and current.
Gloria Storm Effects on the Coastal Boulders East of Minorca (Balearic Islands)
Authors: Roig-Munar Francesc Xavier , Martín-Prieto José Angel , Rodríguez-Perea Antonio , Gelabert Bernadí 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The article addresses the analysis of the effects of an extreme marine event, the 2020 storm Gloria, on boulder-field deposits on the eastern coast of Menorca. These deposits were interpreted by the authors as tsunami deposits, formed between the 17th and 19th centuries. Measurements were made of boulders that have been displaced and of the new boulders formed by erosion of the coastal scarp, as well as contrasting all this information with the data of the previous configuration of the boulder fields. These data are complemented with the application of hydrodynamic equations, wave data from buoys and bathymetric profiles in order to verify the limited capacity of even the heaviest storms to modify the position of the boulders in these inland deposits. The Gloria storm, with return periods of more than 200 years, shows the impossibility of moving the thousands of metric blocks to their current positions. Therefore, they require tsunami events such as those that hit these coasts from North Africa.
Introducing a New Mux Based Signal Connectivity and Delay- Power Model for Gate Diffusion Input Technique
Authors: Ponnian Jebashini , Pari Senthil , Uma R. , Pun Ooi Chee 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
An accurate delay and power model is an inevitable component for a circuit simulator and logic synthesizer as it aids to evaluate the performance of the circuit. It is essential for the defining model to be simple, compact and accurate in order to characterize its design parameters. Hence, the number of attributes defined in the delay and power model should be less and not compromise on accuracy. The model parameters have to also independently match and connect to the device parameters for proper measurement. Using these as imperatives, this research attempts to define the creation of GDI library using a MUX based signal connectivity model and define the creation of the delay and power model for the proposed GDI library. This research utilizes a model developed for un-skewed and skewed gates in -single and multi-stage networks. It calculates the delay calculation for simple RC networks and multi-path combinational circuits. The power model is described using two components; the node activity factor and the power factor which is related to internal node capacitances, wiring and gate capacitances of the driving and receiving GDI nodes. The probability signal transition characteristics of all GDI cells are also termly described. The experimentation findings from this research, which meets the specifications of the sub-micron library supported for the SilTerra 130nm 6-metal layer fabricated for CMOS n-well process reveals that the proposed GDI library is indeed better and superior by the parameters of the delay-transistor and power utilization in relation to the PTL and CMOS technology. An overall 55 – 65% improvement is achieved for primitives when simulation is carried out in mentor graphics for the 130nm CMOS process. The proposed delay model also evidently proves that the logical effort of GDI cells is less in comparison to the CMOS technology. The node activity factor α0 →1 of the proposed GDI cells ranges from 0.1-0.2 whereas in CMOS it is 0.1-0.3.
Metabolomics analysis reveals the differences between Bupleurum chinense DC. and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd
Authors: Qu Xuejie , Hu Shanqun , Li Tong , Zhang Jiaqi , Wang Baoshun , Liu Changli 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Bupleurum chinense DC. and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. are two varieties of Bupleuri radix in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020. Clinical efficacy of the two bupleurum species is different. Detailed comparisons of metabolites between the two varieties and different tissues are not available. In order to analyze the difference of metabolites, we used LC-MS and GC-MS to detect the root, stem, leaf and flower of two varieties, and detected 1818 metabolites in 25 classes. We performed statistical analysis of metabolites. Differential metabolites were screened by Fold Change and VIP values of OPLS-DA model and significant differences were found among different groups. The active components triterpenoid saponins in BcR were more than BsR. Other pharmacological substances were significantly different. By KEGG annotation and enrichment analysis, we found that the differential metabolites of the aboveground part mainly concentrated in monoterpenoids biosynthesis, while the differential metabolites of the root mainly concentrated in sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis. Differences in metabolic networks may indirectly affect the metabolic profile of Bc and Bs, leading to differences in clinical efficacy. Our study maybe provide reference for evaluating the quality of medicinal materials, developing other medicinal parts and guiding the clinical use of traditional Chinese medicine.
The effect of community-based intervention packages on common metabolic risk factors for non-communicable diseases: a field trial study
Authors: Asadi-Aliabadi Mehran , Karimi Seyed M , Mirbaha-Hashemi Fariba , Tehrani-Banihashemi Arash , Janani Leila , Babaee Ebrahim , Nojomi Marzieh , Moradi-Lakeh Maziar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Non-communicable diseases can be controlled and managed by reducing their associated metabolic risk factors. In this study, a set of intervention packages were designed to reduce the prevalence of three common metabolic risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity and overweight) in the community by motivating non-physician health workers. Methods: A field trial study was conducted in 4 districts of Iran. Thirty-two community health centers were randomly selected in the districts. A survey of 30 to 70-year-old participants in each community health center was conducted to measure baseline metabolic risk factors. The intervention packages focused on improving hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity and overweight. The interventions included goal-setting, evidence-based education, operational planning, and incentive payments for non-physician health workers. A second survey to measure the final metabolic risk factors was performed after one year. The difference-in-difference method was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention packages.Results: The average age of participants in both surveys was 49 years, and the sex ratio did not change. In percentage of surveyed individuals with a college education was greater in non-intervention centers. The interventions had statistically significant effects only on decreasing the prevalence of overweight and obesity. The package with all the interventions except pay-for-performance decreased the odds of overweight and obesity to 0.57 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.95). Conclusion: Involving non-physician health workers and having action plans based on the health needs of the covered population, as well as holding training courses, and introducing new prevention and control strategies, can decrease obesity and overweight in the community. However, longer trials are needed to observe the effects on hypertension and hyperlipidemia.Trial Registration: This trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20081205001488N2) on 03/06/2018 (https://en.irct.ir/trial/774).
Anaplastic meningioma WHO Grade III: Case Report and Review of Immunohistopathological characteristics.
Authors: LUBUULWA JAMES , Shu Kai , Jiang Wei , Lei Ting 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Anaplastic meningiomas constitute about 2% of all intracranial meningiomas and are known to be aggressive with a mean overall survival and mean relapse-free survival at 3.3 years and 2.7 years respectively. We treated a patient with a World Health Organization (WHO) grade III Anaplastic Meningioma, a rare histological variant of convexity meningiomas in which intraoperatively we found the tumor mass was uniquely of mixed characteristics particularly peritumoral subdural effusion
Research question
We show in this case report that convexity lesions presenting with subdural lesions should be highly suspected for WHO III anaplastic meningiomas backed with the immunohistopathological findings.
Material and methods
Routine computed tomography for patients with neurologic signs and symptoms which reveal a convexity peri-tumoral subdural collection should be suspected for WHO III anaplastic meningiomas. Surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy offered a good clinical outcome.
Results
Postoperative the patient described a gradual improvement of the of expressive aphasia, deficits in speech, detectable personality changes or motor/sensory deficits. MRI at the three-month, six-month, one-year and two-year postoperative follow-up, revealed no evidence of residual tumor nor any observed recurrence nor recurrence of pre-operative symptoms.
Discussion and conclusion
In this paper, we present the rare radiological presentation and immunohistopathological characteristics of this WHO III Grade III anaplastic meningioma. WHO III anaplastic meningiomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intracranial tumors which present with peritumoral subdural collection on routine contrast tomography imaging. Our findings may contribute to the literature of the histopathological nature and behavior of this tumor subtype.
Phylogenetic analyses, morphological studies, and muscarine detection reveal two new toxic Pseudosperma (Inocybaceae, Agaricales) species from tropical China
Authors: Zhao Li-Na , Yu Wen-Jie , Deng Lun-Sha , Hu Jian-Hua , Ge Yu-Peng , Zeng Nian-Kai , Fan Yu-Guang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
As a result of molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological studies, two new species of the genus Pseudosperma, namely P. fulvidiscum and P. singulare were discovered in Wuzhishan Nature Reserve of Hainan Province of China. The two new species are distinct from other known Pseudosperma species in the phylogenetic polygram inferred from a combined nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nrLSU), and the nuclear second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) sequence data. Muscarine contents of the two new species were detected using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) approach. In addition, a new combination was proposed based on phylogenetic evidences.
Nano X Image Guidance in Radiation Therapy: cone beam computed tomography imaging with gravity induced motion
Authors: Debrot Emily , Liu Paul , Gardner Mark , Heng Soo Min , Chan Chin Hwa , Corde Stephanie , Downes Simon , Jackson Michael , Keall Paul 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThis paper describes the protocol for the Nano X Image Guidance (Nano X IG), a single-institution, clinical imaging study. The Nano X is a prototype fixed-beam radiotherapy system developed to investigate the feasibility of a low cost, compact radiotherapy system to increase global access to radiation therapy. This study aims to assess the feasibility of volumetric image guidance with Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) acquired during horizontal patient rotation on the Nano X radiotherapy system.MethodsIn the Nano X IG study we will determine whether image guidance can be performed with the Nano X radiotherapy system, to a clinically acceptable and usable standard for radiotherapy. We will acquire both conventional CBCT scans and Nano X CBCT scans, where the patient is horizontally rotated while scan projections are acquired, for 30 patients. For each patient a panel of experts will assess the image quality of Nano X CBCT scans against conventional CBCT scans. Each patient will receive two Nano X CBCT scans to determine the image quality reproducibility, the extent and reproducibility of patient motion and assess patient tolerance.DiscussionFixed-beam radiotherapy systems have the potential to help ease the current shortfall and increase global access to radiotherapy treatment. Advances in image guidance could facilitate fixed-beam radiotherapy using horizontal patient rotation. The efficacy of this radiotherapy approach is dependent on our ability to image and adapt to motion due to rotation and for patients to tolerate rotation during treatment.Trial registrationThis study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov on 27 July 2020. The identifier is: NCT04488224.
Longitudinal Analysis of the Five Sisters Hot Springs in Yellowstone National Park Reveals a Dynamic Thermoalkaline Environment
Authors: Peach Jesse T , Mueller Rebecca C , Skorupa Dana J , Mesle Margaux M , Kanta Sutton , Boltinghouse Eric , Sharon Bailey , Copié Valerie , Bothner Brian , Peyton Brent M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Research focused on microbial populations of thermoalkaline springs has been driven in a large part by the lure of discovering functional enzymes with industrial applications in high-pH and high temperature environments. While several studies have focused on understanding the fundamental ecology of these springs, the small molecule profiles of thermoalkaline springs have largely been overlooked. To better understand how geochemistry, small molecule composition, and microbial communities are connected, we conducted a three-year study of the Five Sisters (FS) springs that included high-resolution geochemical measurements, 16S rRNA sequencing of the bacterial and archaeal community, and mass spectrometry-based metabolite and extracellular small molecule characterization. Integration of the four datasets facilitated a comprehensive analysis of the interwoven thermoalkaline spring system. Over the course of the study, the microbial population responded to changing environmental conditions, with archaeal populations decreasing in both relative abundance and diversity compared to bacterial populations. Decreases in the relative abundance of Archaea were associated with environmental changes that included decreased availability of specific nitrogen- and sulfur-containing extracellular small molecules and fluctuations in metabolic pathways associated with nitrogen cycling. This multi-factorial analysis demonstrates that the microbial community composition is more closely correlated with pools of extracellular small molecules than with the geochemistry of the thermal springs. This is a novel finding and suggests that a previously overlooked component of thermal springs may have a significant impact on microbial community composition.
The Effect of Vitamin C-Loaded Electrospun Polycaprolactone/Poly (Glycerol Sebacate) Fibers for Peripheral Nerve tissue engineering
Authors: Alipour Hamed , Saudi Ahmad , Alavi Omid , Zeraatpisheh Zahra , Abolhassani Sareh , Rafienia Mohammad 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Vitamin C (VC) is an essential supplement that plays an important role in cellular processes and functions and has been applied for therapeutic purposes for many years. Recently, the beneficial effects of VC on peripheral nerve regeneration have been gained lots of attention. In this study, electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL)/polyglycerol sebacate (PGS) fibers incorporated with different concentrations of VC (5, 10, and 15 wt.%) were developed for peripheral nerve tissue engineering. The morphology of the fibers was investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), tensile analysis (Young’s modulus, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation at break), release profile of VC from the PCL/PGS fibers, in vitro degradation, water uptake behavior, and contact angle measurements were also studied. 3-(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and SEM were utilized to evaluate the attachment and viability of pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) on the scaffolds. The results showed that all scaffolds had a uniform diameter and mean diameter deceased from 1.24 to 0.88 µm followed by increasing VC. Young’s modulus and UTS enhanced with increasing in VC percentage. Contact angle analysis showed that VC increased the surface hydrophilicity of PCL/PGS fibers from 31.4º to 13.6º. MTT assays demonstrated that PCL/PGS containing 5 wt.% VC have a greater viability rate among other scaffolds. Our outcome indicated possible applicability of VC containing scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering.