bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality control traceability during the packing and release process of Ceratitis capitata for sterile insect technique
Authors: Contreras‐Navarro Yair , Luis‐Alvarez Heliodoro , García‐Coapio Guadalupe , Hernández Refugio , Flores Salvador , Montoya Pablo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn programmes applying the sterile insect technique (SIT), the quality of insects deployed in the field determines the success in preventing, suppressing, containing or eradicating the pest population. In the fruit fly emergence and release facility (ERF) of the Moscamed Program in Mexico, irradiated pupae of Ceratitis capitata are packed in Mexico‐type towers, and key adult quality parameters, such as emergence, fliers and survival, are determined throughout the packing, handling and release process. However, different methodologies are used to estimate the percentage of fliers in the different stages of the process, raising doubts of whether observed differences are due to the effect of each stage or to the methodology used. With this in mind, we developed an alternative called ‘Adult Flier device’ (=AF‐device) to evaluate the adult flier parameter following a critical evaluation path of five steps: (1) upon arrival at ERF, (2) post‐packing, (3) post‐holding, (4) post‐chilling and (5) post‐release, where adult fliers and survival under stress were evaluated. We also compared the current methodologies for the estimation of ‘absolute fliers’ available in different operating manuals. Our results suggest that the AF‐device allows reliable traceability of sterile insect quality parameters throughout the packing and release process, since no significant differences were observed with the control treatments. In the chilling stage, the five methodologies tested were equivalent, but the AF‐device was less time‐consuming and required less manpower and biological material than the other methodological options. Our results demonstrate that the use of the AF‐device can be a feasible, versatile, innovative and efficient alternative to evaluate quality control parameters throughout the process of packing and releasing sterile insects, providing reliable results in a timely manner with less hand labour using minimal biological material.
Social determinants of health in prognostic machine learning models for orthopaedic outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Lans Amanda , Kanbier Laura N. , Bernstein David N. , Groot Olivier Q. , Ogink Paul T. , Tobert Daniel G. , Verlaan Jorrit‐Jan , Schwab Joseph H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRationalSocial determinants of health (SDOH) are being considered more frequently when providing orthopaedic care due to their impact on treatment outcomes. Simultaneously, prognostic machine learning (ML) models that facilitate clinical decision making have become popular tools in the field of orthopaedic surgery. When ML‐driven tools are developed, it is important that the perpetuation of potential disparities is minimized. One approach is to consider SDOH during model development. To date, it remains unclear whether and how existing prognostic ML models for orthopaedic outcomes consider SDOH variables.ObjectiveTo investigate whether prognostic ML models for orthopaedic surgery outcomes account for SDOH, and to what extent SDOH variables are included in the final models.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane for studies published up to 17 November 2020. Two reviewers independently extracted SDOH features using the PROGRESS+ framework (place of residence, race/ethnicity, Occupation, gender/sex, religion, education, social capital, socioeconomic status, ‘Plus+’ age, disability, and sexual orientation).ResultsThe search yielded 7138 studies, of which 59 met the inclusion criteria. Across all studies, 96% (57/59) considered at least one PROGRESS+ factor during development. The most common factors were age (95%; 56/59) and gender/sex (96%; 57/59). Differential effect analyses, such as subgroup analysis, covariate adjustment, and baseline comparison, were rarely reported (10%; 6/59). The majority of models included age (92%; 54/59) and gender/sex (69%; 41/59) as final input variables. However, factors such as insurance status (7%; 4/59), marital status (7%; 4/59) and income (3%; 2/59) were seldom included.ConclusionThe current level of reporting and consideration of SDOH during the development of prognostic ML models for orthopaedic outcomes is limited. Healthcare providers should be critical of the models they consider using and knowledgeable regarding the quality of model development, such as adherence to recognized methodological standards. Future efforts should aim to avoid bias and disparities when developing ML‐driven applications for orthopaedics.
Evidence for three morphotypes among anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) sampled in the marine environment
Authors: Burke Teah Grace , Pettitt‐Wade Harri , Hollins Jack P.W. , Gallagher Colin , Lea Ellen , Loseto Lisa , Hussey Nigel E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVariable resource use and responses to environmental conditions can lead to phenotypic diversity and distinct morphotypes within salmonids, including Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus). Despite the cultural and economic importance of Arctic char in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (ISR), limited data exist on the extent and presence of morphological diversity in this region. This is of concern for management given climate change impacts on regional fish populations. The authors investigated morphological diversity in anadromous Arctic char sampled during their summer marine migration‐residency period when seasonal harvesting occurs in a coastal mixed‐stock fishery. Geometric morphometric analysis was conducted using digital photographs of live Arctic char (n = 103) of which a sub‐set was subsequently implanted with acoustic transmitters (n = 90) and released, and their overwintering lakes determined using active acoustic telemetry surveys. Twenty‐three morphological landmarks were established and overlaid on digital images, and nine linear measurements of the body and head were recorded. Principle component analysis and K‐means clustering based on linear measurements categorised fish into three morphotypes: slender body and slim head (n = 31), small and short head with a small mouth (n = 46) and elongated head shape with large mouth (n = 26). Tagged individuals of the three morphotypes occupied all lakes with no distinction observed. The three Arctic char morphotypes detected in this coastal mixed‐stock fishery could represent adaptation to specific feeding–movement behaviours potentially tied to juvenile residency in freshwater systems, efficient exploitation of the marine prey pulse, or are relicts from ancestral types. To the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to identify distinct Arctic char morphotypes occurring in sympatry in the marine environment. Identifying phenotypic diversity will assist management to promote the sustainability of this regional fishery.
Narrower isotopic niche size in fish infected by the intestinal parasitePomphorhynchussp. compared to uninfected ones
Authors: Molbert Noëlie , Goutte Aurélie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExamples of parasite‐related effects on intermediate crustacean hosts are numerous but their ecological consequences on their vertebrate hosts are scarce. Here, we address the role of macroparasite infections on the trophic niche structure of definitive hosts and its potential physiological consequences using wild fish populations infected with an acantochephalan parasitePomphorhynchussp., a trophically transmitted intestinal worm. Infected and uninfected fish were sampled from six populations on the Marne River, France and the prevalence of intestinal parasites in the host populations ranged from 50% to 90%. Although the isotopic ratios (δ13C andδ15N) did not differ between infected and uninfected fish, we found a consistent pattern of isotopic niche size being considerably smaller in infected hosts when compared with noninfected ones. This was not explained by interindividual differences in intrinsic factors such as length/age or body condition between infected and uninfected fish. These results suggest a potential niche specialization of infected fish, which did not impair their energetic status.
Evaluation of evacuation difficulty of urban resident during storm water‐logging based on walking experiment
Authors: Chen Peng , Zhang Shuo , Bao Jianhua , Zhao Hongyang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFrequent water‐logging disasters in cities are serious threats to urban residents. When a water‐logging disaster occurs, it is essential for residents to evacuate, taking refuge to reduce losses and to ensure safety. This project studied evacuation difficulty for residents in the Daoli District of Harbin during storm water‐logging. Starting from external factors and internal factors influencing resident evacuation, the study screened indicators for assessing the difficulty of evacuation during urban rainstorm water‐logging, constructed an evaluation index system and evaluation models to assess the difficulty of evacuation of residents. Results showed that residents in the vicinity of the three streets, Xinyang Road and Minqing Street, Zhaolin Street and Anfeng Street in the study area have difficulty in evacuation in the case of a 5‐year torrential rain disaster. Other areas had little impact. In a 100‐year torrential rain situation, it is more difficult for residents in Stone Road Bridge, the intersection of Market Street and Toulong Street, the intersection of Touloing Street and Zhaolin Street, the intersection of Anfa Street and JingweiErdao Street, and Anguo Street, while other areas were not seriously affected. The research results can provide new ideas for the study of evacuation of residents during urban water‐logging, and can also provide decision‐making basis for disaster prevention and mitigation for urban emergency departments.
The contribution of autonomic mechanisms to pain in temporomandibular disorders: A narrative review
Authors: Cairns Brian E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundTemporomandibular disorders (TMD) are diagnosed based on symptom presentation and, like other functional pain disorders, often lack definitive pathology. There is a strong association between elevated stress levels and the severity of TMD‐related pain, which suggests that alterations in autonomic tone may contribute to this pain condition.ObjectivesThis narrative review examines the association between altered autonomic function and pain in TMD.MethodsRelevant articles were identified by searching PubMed and through the reference list of those studies.ResultsTMD sufferers report an increased incidence of orthostatic hypotension. As in other chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions, TMD is associated with increased sympathetic tone, diminished baroreceptor reflex sensitivity and decreased parasympathetic tone. It remains to be determined whether ongoing pain drives these autonomic changes and/or is exacerbated by them. To examine whether increased sympathetic tone contributes to TMD‐related pain through β2 adrenergic receptor activation, clinical trials with the beta blocker propranolol have been undertaken. Although evidence from small studies suggested propranolol reduced TMD‐related pain, a larger clinical trial did not find a significant effect of propranolol treatment. This is consistent with human experimental pain studies that were unable to demonstrate an effect of β2 adrenergic receptor activation or inhibition on masticatory muscle pain. In preclinical models of temporomandibular joint arthritis, β2 adrenergic receptor activation appears to contribute to inflammation and nociception, whereas in masticatory muscle, α1 adrenergic receptor activation has been found to induce mechanical sensitisation. Some agents used to treat TMD, such as botulinum neurotoxin A, antidepressants and α2 adrenergic receptor agonists, may interact with the autonomic nervous system as part of their analgesic mechanism.ConclusionEven if dysautonomia turns out to be a consequence rather than a causative factor of painful TMD, the study of its role has opened up a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of this condition.
Prosecuting from the bench? Examining sources ofpro‐prosecutionbias in judges
Authors: Berryessa Colleen M. , Dror Itiel E. , McCormack Chief Justice Bridget 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough judges may be well intended when taking an oath to be impartial when they reach the bench, psychological and legal literature suggests that their legal approaches, behaviour, and decision‐making processes are subconsciously impacted by biases stemming from and influenced by their attitudes, ideology, backgrounds, and previous experiences. Drawing from prior models of sources of bias in legal contexts and existing literature on judges, this paper discusses and models potential sources of pro‐prosecution bias in judges with prosecutorial backgrounds. These include (1) professional and self‐selection into the judiciary; (2) prosecutorial socialization and attitudes that can shape a prosecutorial mindset; and (3) the effects of common unconscious biases,confirmation biasandrole induced bias,that may shape judicial behaviour through formed beliefs and approaches stemming from the prosecutorial mindset and selection into the judiciary. As the vast majority of judges are former prosecutors in the U.S. as well as in many other countries, this paper considers possible ways to deal with pro‐prosecution bias and the potential importance of diversifying judges' professional backgrounds.
Patterns of gestational weight gain among women with obesity and its correlation with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Chinese women
Authors: Song Wei , Zhang Zhi , Zheng Wei , Gao Lei , Liang Shengnan , Cheng Dongmei , Wang Xiaoxin , Guo Cuimei , Li Guanghui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGestational weight management in obese women is critical in clinical work. Adverse pregnancy outcomes are associated with improper gestational weight gain (GWG). However, the pattern of GWG (PGWG) and its correlation with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) in obesity are still unclear in China. This retrospective cohort study evaluates clinical data from 799 women through multivariate analyses and trajectory analyses. All the participants are stratified per first trimester weight gain category into three groups (Inadequate‐1st, <0.5 kg; Adequate‐1st, 0.5–2.0 kg; Excessive‐1st, >2.0 kg) and PGWG refers to the weekly weight gain during each gestational period. GWG is positively associated with first trimester weight gain. 78.4% of the Excessive‐1st participants have excessive total GWG, in contrast to Inadequate‐1st (32.7%) and Adequate‐1st (48.2%). After 20 weeks, the weekly weight gain rapidly accelerates, and 77.3% have a weekly weight gain exceeding the Institute of Medicine recommendations. Trajectory analysis of weekly weight gain based on HDP shows two separate weight gain curves after 20 weeks in women with and without a high risk of HDP. Especially in Excessive‐1st participants, weekly weight gain after 20 weeks over 0.32 kg/w is positively related to the risk of HDP (<0.32 kg/w vs. 0.32–0.61 kg/w, adjusted odds ratios [aOR]: 2.999, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.054–8.537; <0.32 kg/w vs. >0.61 kg/w, aOR: 5.362, 95% CI: 1.719–16.729). In summary, the first trimester is critical for gestational weight management in obesity. Excessive weight gain during the first trimester and after 20 weeks predicts a high risk of HDP, which should be noted in clinical practice.
Increased bundle‐sheath leakiness of CO2 during photosynthetic induction shows a lack of coordination between the C4 and C3 cycles
Authors: Wang Yu , Stutz Samantha S. , Bernacchi Carl J. , Boyd Ryan A. , Ort Donald R. , Long Stephen P. 
Published: September 2022

Summary

Use of a complete dynamic model of NADP‐malic enzyme C4 photosynthesis indicated that, during transitions from dark or shade to high light, induction of the C4 pathway was more rapid than that of C3, resulting in a predicted transient increase in bundle‐sheath CO2 leakiness (ϕ).

Previously, ϕ has been measured at steady state; here we developed a new method, coupling a tunable diode laser absorption spectroscope with a gas‐exchange system to track ϕ in sorghum and maize through the nonsteady‐state condition of photosynthetic induction.

In both species, ϕ showed a transient increase to > 0.35 before declining to a steady state of 0.2 by 1500 s after illumination. Average ϕ was 60% higher than at steady state over the first 600 s of induction and 30% higher over the first 1500 s.

The transient increase in ϕ, which was consistent with model prediction, indicated that capacity to assimilate CO2 into the C3 cycle in the bundle sheath failed to keep pace with the rate of dicarboxylate delivery by the C4 cycle. Because nonsteady‐state light conditions are the norm in field canopies, the results suggest that ϕ in these major crops in the field is significantly higher and energy conversion efficiency lower than previous measured values under steady‐state conditions.
Validity of the Central Sensitization Inventory compared with traditional measures of disease severity in fibromyalgia
Authors: Salaffi Fausto , Farah Sonia , Mariani Claudia , Sarzi‐Puttini Piercarlo , Di Carlo Marco 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of this study was to explore additional evidence of convergent and discriminant validity of the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) in a large sample of subjects with fibromyalgia (FM).MethodsPatients were consecutively enrolled for a cross‐sectional assessment comprehensive of three FM‐specific measures (the revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire [FIQR], the modified Fibromyalgia Assessment Status [modFAS], and the Polysymptomatic Distress Scale [PDS]) and of CSI. To test the convergent validity, the Spearman's rho was used to measure the degree of correlation between the variables CSI and the FM‐specific measures. To assess discriminant validity, CSI scores were grouped according to FIQR disease severity states, and differences between these groups studied with the Kruskal–Wallis test. Interpretative cutoffs were established with the interquartile reconciliation approach.ResultsThe study included 562 FM patients, 199 (35.4%) were classified as having central sensitization syndrome (CSI ≥40). CSI was largely correlated with modFAS (ρ = 0.580; p < 0.0001), FIQR (ρ = 0.542; p < 0.0001), and PDS (ρ = 0.518; p < 0.0001). The differences between the CSI scores in accordance with the FIQR were significant (p < 0.000001). CSI cutoffs proposed for FM: 21 between remission and mild severity, 30 between mild and moderate severity, 37 between moderate and severe disease, and 51 between severe and very severe disease.ConclusionThe current study successfully showed additional evidence of the convergent and discriminant validity of the CSI in FM patients.
The leaf economics spectrum of triploid and tetraploid C4 grass Miscanthus x giganteus
Authors: Li Shuai , Moller Christopher A. , Mitchell Noah G. , Martin Duncan G. , Sacks Erik J. , Saikia Sampurna , Labonte Nicholas R. , Baldwin Brian S. , Morrison Jesse I. , Ferguson John N. , Leakey Andrew D. B. , Ainsworth Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe leaf economics spectrum (LES) describes multivariate correlations in leaf structural, physiological and chemical traits, originally based on diverse C3 species grown under natural ecosystems. However, the specific contribution of C4 species to the global LES is studied less widely. C4 species have a CO2 concentrating mechanism which drives high rates of photosynthesis and improves resource use efficiency, thus potentially pushing them towards the edge of the LES. Here, we measured foliage morphology, structure, photosynthesis, and nutrient content for hundreds of genotypes of the C4 grass Miscanthus× giganteus grown in two common gardens over two seasons. We show substantial trait variations across M.× giganteus genotypes and robust genotypic trait relationships. Compared to the global LES, M.× giganteus genotypes had higher photosynthetic rates, lower stomatal conductance, and less nitrogen content, indicating greater water and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency in the C4 species. Additionally, tetraploid genotypes produced thicker leaves with greater leaf mass per area and lower leaf density than triploid genotypes. By expanding the LES relationships across C3 species to include C4 crops, these findings highlight that M.× giganteus occupies the boundary of the global LES and suggest the potential for ploidy to alter LES traits.
The promises and pitfalls of functional magnetic resonance imaging hyperscanning for social interaction research
Authors: Tsoi Lily , Burns Shannon M. , Falk Emily B. , Tamir Diana I. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSocial neuroscience combines tools and perspectives from social psychology and neuroscience to understand how people interact with their social world. Here we discuss a relatively new method—hyperscanning—to study real‐time, interactive social interactions using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We highlight three contributions that fMRI hyperscanning makes to the study of the social mind: (1) Naturalism: it shifts the focus from tightly‐controlled stimuli to more naturalistic social interactions; (2) Multi‐person Dynamics: it shifts the focus from individuals as the unit of analysis to dyads and groups; and (3) Neural Resolution: fMRI hyperscanning captures high‐resolution neural patterns and dynamics across the whole brain, unlike other neuroimaging hyperscanning methods (e.g., electroencephalogram, functional near‐infrared spectroscopy). Finally, we describe the practical considerations and challenges that fMRI hyperscanning researchers must navigate. We hope researchers will harness this powerful new paradigm to address pressing questions in today's society.
Natural disasters, climate change, and structural transformation: A new perspective from international trade
Authors: Wu Ruohan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNatural disasters are well known to profoundly affect global economies, and they have received more and more discussions lately. However, it remains inconclusive how natural disasters would affect an economy in the long run. In this study, we empirically investigate the economic impacts of natural disasters under different time horizons. We use a difference‐in‐difference estimator and innovatively calculate a structural transformation index from the perspective of trade flows of a country's low‐ and high‐skill industries. We find that natural disasters, especially climate‐related disasters, will significantly cause a structural downgrade in the short run but are likely to be followed up by an upgrade in the long run when structural growth also features a diminishing rate of return. The impacts of natural disasters are also subject to the aggregate development level and trade openness of a country. For example, countries that are more developed, with higher income, or more engaged in international trade suffer less from natural disasters. As a result, their structural transformations are less affected by natural disasters than in developing, low‐income, or domestic‐oriented countries.