bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Steadier Hand: The First Human Clinical Trial of a Single-Use Robotic-Assisted Surgical Device for Cochlear Implant Electrode Array Insertion
Authors: Gantz Jay A. , Gantz Bruce J. , Kaufmann Christopher R. , Henslee Allan M. , Dunn Camille C. , Hua Xiaoyang , Hansen Marlan R. 
Published: December 2022

Objective
To evaluate the safety and utility of an investigational robotic-assisted cochlear implant insertion system.

Study Design
Prospective, single-arm, open-label study under abbreviated Investigational Device Exemption requirements.

Setting
All procedures were performed, and all data were collected, at a single tertiary referral center.

Patients
Twenty-one postlingually deafened adult subjects that met Food and Drug Administration indication criteria for cochlear implantation.

Intervention
All patients underwent standard-of-care surgery for unilateral cochlear implantation with the addition of a single-use robotic-assisted insertion device during cochlear electrode insertion.

Main Outcome Measures
Successful insertion of cochlear implant electrode array, electrode array insertion time, postoperative implant function.

Results
Successful robotic-assisted insertion of lateral wall cochlear implant electrode arrays was achieved in 20 (95.2%) of 21 patients. One insertion was unable to be achieved by either robotic-assisted or manual insertion methods, and the patient was retrospectively found to have a preexisting cochlear fracture. Mean intracochlear electrode array insertion time was 3 minutes 15 seconds. All implants with successful robotic-assisted electrode array insertion (n = 20) had normal impedance and neural response telemetry measures for up to 6 months after surgery.

Conclusions
Here we report the first human trial of a single-use robotic-assisted surgical device for cochlear implant electrode array insertion. This device successfully and safely inserted lateral wall cochlear implant electrode arrays from the three device manufacturers with devices approved but he Food and Drug Administration.
Facial Nerve Preservation With Inferior Long-Axis Dissection of Large Vestibular Schwannomas
Authors: Totten Douglas J. , Connell Nathan T. , Howser Lauren A. , Colomb Elaine , Sandelski Morgan M. , Rabbani Cyrus C. , Savage Jesse J. , Shah Mitesh V. , Nelson Rick F. 
Published: December 2022

Objective
To describe a tumor resection using the inferior long-axis (ILA) technique for cisternal facial nerve dissection in large vestibular schwannomas (VS).

Study Design
Retrospective case series from 2018 to 2021.

Setting
Tertiary academic medical center.

Patients
Patients who underwent surgical resection with ILA facial nerve dissection of VS (>2.0 cm measured parallel to the petrous ridge) and had at least 3-month follow-up.

Interventions
Cisternal facial nerve dissection during retrosigmoid or translabyrinthine approach using standardized ILA technique developed by author R.N.

Main Outcome Measures
Immediate postoperative and last follow-up facial nerve function with House-Brackmann scores of I to II defined as “good” facial nerve function and House-Brackmann scores III to VI defined as “poor” function. Extent of resection was also assessed.

Results
A total of 48 patients underwent large VS resection with ILA dissection of tumor off of the facial nerve from 2018 to 2021. Mean (standard deviation) tumor size was 3.11 (0.76) cm. Mean (standard deviation) follow-up was 9.2 (9.0) months. Gross-total resection or near-total resection were achieved in 75% (radiographic estimate) to 83% (surgeon estimate) of cases. End-of-case facial nerve stimulation at 0.05 mAmp with a response of at least 240 mV was achieved in 80.4% of patients. Good facial nerve function was observed in 72% immediately postoperatively, 70% 1-month postoperatively, and 82% of patients at last follow-up.

Conclusions
The ILA technique is now the method of choice of the senior surgeon (R.N.) when performing microsurgical dissection of the cisternal facial nerve, with which he has achieved high rates of total or near-total resection with excellent facial nerve preservation.
Is the Centralization of Complex Surgical Procedures an Unintended Spillover Effect of Global Capitation? – Insights from the Maryland Global Budget Revenue Program
Authors: Offodile Anaeze C. , Lin Yu-Li , Shah Shivani A. , Swisher Stephen G. , Jain Amit , Butler Charles E. , Aliu Oluseyi 
Published: December 2022

Objective:
To determine if global budget revenue (GBR) models incent the centralization of complex surgical care.

Summary Background:
In 2014, Maryland initiated a statewide GBR model. While prior research has shown improvements in cost and outcomes for surgical care post-GBR implementation, the mechanism remains unclear.

Methods:
Utilizing state inpatient databases, we compared the proportion of adults undergoing elective complex surgeries (gastrectomy, pneumonectomy/lobectomy, proctectomies, and hip/knee revision) at high-concentration hospitals (HCHs) in Maryland and control states. Annual concentration, per procedure, was defined as hospital volume divided by state volume. HCHs were defined as hospitals with a concentration at least at the 75th percentile in 2010. We estimated the difference-in-differences (DiD) of the probability of patients undergoing surgery at HCHs before and after GBR implementation.

Findings:
Our sample included 122,882 surgeries. Following GBR implementation, all procedures were increasingly performed at HCHs in Maryland. States satisfied the parallel trends assumption for the centralization of gastrectomy and pneumonectomy/lobectomy. Post-GBR, patients were more likely to undergo gastrectomy (DiD: 5.5 p.p., 95% CI [2.2, 8.8]) and pneumonectomy/lobectomy (DiD: 12.4 p.p., 95% CI [10.0, 14.8]) at an HCH in Maryland compared with control states. For our hip/knee revision analyses, we assumed persistent counterfactuals and noted a positive DiD post-GBR implementation (DiD: 4.8 p.p., 95% CI [1.3, 8.2]). No conclusion could be drawn for proctectomy due to different pre-GBR trends.

Conclusions:
GBR implementation is associated with increased centralization for certain complex surgeries. Future research is needed to explore the impact of centralization on patient experience and access.
Real-world demographic patterns of users of a digital primary prevention service for diabetes
Authors: Balakrishnan Preetha , Jacyshyn-Owen Elizabeth , Eberl Markus , Friedrich Benjamin , Etter Tobias 
Published: December 2022

Background
Rapid urbanization has led to an exponential increase in lifestyle-associated metabolic disorders presenting a huge socioeconomic burden. Waya is a digital prevention program that guides overweight and obese individuals to maintain a healthy lifestyle through exercise, diet, and educational videos.

Objectives and aims
We aimed to study the demographic patterns of the Waya cohort and examine the prevalence of diabetes (the most common lifestyle-associated metabolic disorder) and its risk factors in comparison to the GEDA 2014/2015-European Health Interview Survey population.

Methods
Waya participants who registered by 1 October 2020 and who answered at least one health survey question were included in this study. Factors such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes between the two populations were compared using Chi-square test.

Results
Of the 837 participants, 86.1% were women. The proportion of obese participants was higher in Waya than in the German Health Update (GEDA) cohort (women: 39.4% vs. 18%, P < 0.05; men: 37.1% vs. 18.3%, P < 0.05), whereas the proportion of participants with hypertension (women: 12.1% vs. 30.9% in GEDA, P < 0.05; men: 22.4% vs. 32.8% in GEDA, P < 0.05) was lower. The proportion of women with diabetes was low in our cohort (3.9% vs. 7% in GEDA, P < 0.05); however, the proportion of men with diabetes remained the same between the two groups. We observed significant differences between the GEDA and Waya cohorts due to changes in the prevalence pattern over time or target bias of the digital program.

Conclusion
These findings showcase the usability of Waya in collecting real-world insights, which will be beneficial in monitoring the prevalence of chronic metabolic disorders and associated risk factors over time.
New Approaches to 3D Vision
Authors: Linton Paul , Morgan Michael J. , Read Jenny C. A. , Vishwanath Dhanraj , Creem-Regehr Sarah H. , Domini Fulvio 
Published: December 2022

New approaches to 3D vision are enabling new advances in artificial intelligence and autonomous vehicles, a better understanding of how animals navigate the 3D world, and new insights into human perception in virtual and augmented reality. Whilst traditional approaches to 3D vision in computer vision (SLAM: simultaneous localization and mapping), animal navigation (cognitive maps), and human vision (optimal cue integration) start from the assumption that the aim of 3D vision is to provide an accurate 3D model of the world, the new approaches to 3D vision explored in this issue challenge this assumption. Instead, they investigate the possibility that computer vision, animal navigation, and human vision can rely on partial or distorted models or no model at all. This issue also highlights the implications for artificial intelligence, autonomous vehicles, human perception in virtual and augmented reality, and the treatment of visual disorders, all of which are explored by individual articles.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘New approaches to 3D vision’.
Symmetries and asymmetries in the neural encoding of 3D space
Authors: Jeffery Kate J. 
Published: December 2022

The neural coding of space centres on three foundational cell types: place cells, head direction cells and grid cells. One notable characteristic of these neurons is the symmetry properties of their spatial firing patterns. In symmetric environments, firing patterns are often also symmetric: for example, place cells show translational symmetry in aligned sub-compartments of a multi-compartment environment. A single head direction cell has a mirror-symmetric firing pattern, while a sub-class of head direction cells can show multi-fold rotational symmetries in multi-compartment environments, matching the symmetry of the recently experienced environment. The entorhinal grid cells are notable for the symmetry of their firing patterns in both rotational and translational domains. However, these symmetries are broken in a variety of situations. These symmetry-making and -breaking observations shed light on the underlying computations that generate these firing patterns, and also invite speculation as to whether they may have a functional role. This article outlines these findings and speculates on the consequences of the resultant firing symmetries and asymmetries for spatial coding and cognition.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘New approaches to 3D vision’.
Enhanced efficiency in visually guided online motor control for actions redirected towards the body midline
Authors: Maselli Antonella , Ofek Eyal , Cohn Brian , Hinckley Ken , Gonzalez-Franco Mar 
Published: December 2022

Reaching objects in a dynamic environment requires fast online corrections that compensate for sudden object shifts or postural changes. Previous studies revealed the key role of visually monitoring the hand-to-target distance throughout action execution. In the current study, we investigate how sensorimotor asymmetries associated with space perception, brain lateralization and biomechanical constraints, affect the efficiency of online corrections. Participants performed reaching actions in virtual reality, where the virtual hand was progressively displaced from the real hand to trigger online corrections, for which it was possible to control the total amount of the redirection and the region of space in which the action unfolded. The efficiency of online corrections and the degree of awareness of the ensuing motor corrections were taken as assessment variables. Results revealed more efficient visuo-motor corrections for actions redirected towards, rather than away from the body midline. The effect is independent on the reaching hand and the hemispace of action, making explanations associated with laterality effects and biomechanical constraints improbable. The result cannot either be accounted for by the visual processing advantage in the straight-ahead region. An explanation may be found in the finer sensorimotor representations characterizing the frontal space proximal to body, where a preference for visual processing has been documented, and where high-value functional actions, like fine manipulative skills, typically take place.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘New approaches to 3D vision’.
From pictures to reality: modelling the phenomenology and psychophysics of 3D perception
Authors: Vishwanath Dhanraj 
Published: December 2022

The dominant inferential approach to human 3D perception assumes a model of spatial encoding based on a physical description of objects and space. Prevailing models based on this physicalist approach assume that the visual system infers an objective, unitary and mostly veridical representation of the external world. However, careful consideration of the phenomenology of 3D perception challenges these assumptions. I review important aspects of phenomenology, psychophysics and neurophysiology which suggest that human visual perception of 3D objects and space is underwritten by distinct and dissociated spatial encodings that are optimized for specific regions of space. Specifically, I argue that 3D perception is underwritten by at least three distinct encodings for (1) egocentric distance perception at the ambulatory scale, (2) exocentric distance (scaled depth) perception optimized for near space, and (3) perception of object shape and layout (unscaled depth). This tripartite division can more satisfactorily account for the phenomenology, psychophysics and adaptive logic of human 3D perception.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘New approaches to 3D vision’.
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Authors: Sharma Shivang , Samantaray Subhashree , Kumar Deepak , Meena Durga Shankar , Chaudhary Rahul , Jain Vidhi , Bohra Gopal Krishana , Garg Mahendra Kumar 
Published: December 2022

Fungal endocarditis is a rare and fatal condition , most frequently caused by the Candida and Aspergillus species. Fever and changing heart murmur are the most common clinical manifestations. The diagnosis of fungal endocarditis is challenging, especially that of prosthetic valve endocarditis is extremely difficult. The optimal management of the condition still remains debatable. We hereby present a case of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Candida parapsilosis , managed empirically with liposomal amphotericin B and later on was shifted to combination therapy with high dose echinocandin and fluconazole, but had a fatal outcome because he could not undergo timely surgical intervention. Treating Candida parapsilosis endocarditis cases are difficult because of their ability of biofilm production on native and prosthetic heart valves. A combined approach consisting of high index of clinical suspicion, early diagnosis by using serological markers followed by culture or PCR and prompt initiation of appropriate antifungals may aid in improving the outcome.
Stability of spectral results in cardiac dual-source photon-counting CT
Authors: Liu Leening P. , Shapira Nadav , Sahbaee Pooyan , Gang Grace J. , Knollman Friedrich D. , Chen Marcus Y. , Litt Harold I. , Noël Peter B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate stability of spectral results at different heart rates, acquisition modes, and cardiac phases in first-generation clinical dual-source photon-counting CT (PCCT).Materials and MethodsA cardiac motion simulator with a coronary stenosis mimicking a 50% eccentric calcium plaque was scanned with a first-generation dual-source PCCT at five different heart rates (0, 60, 70, 80, 100 bpm). Scans were performed at 120 kVp with the three available cardiac scan modes (high pitch prospectively ECG-triggered spiral, prospectively ECG-triggered axial, retrospectively ECG-gated spiral). Subsequently, virtual monoenergetic images at 50, 70, and 150 keV and iodine density maps were reconstructed at both diastole and systole to investigate the effect of the cardiac phase. Full width half max (FWHM) of the stenosis, Dice score (DSC) for the stenosed region, and eccentricity of the non-stenosed region were analyzed.ResultsFWHM exhibited average differences from the static FWHM across cardiac phase and heart rates of -0.20, -0.28, and -0.15 mm at VMI 150 keV for high pitch prospectively ECG-triggered spiral, prospectively ECG-triggered axial, and retrospectively ECG-gated spiral scans, respectively. DSC demonstrated similarity among parameters with standard deviations of 0.08, 0.09, 0.11, and 0.08 for VMI 50, 70, and 150 keV, and iodine density maps, respectively, with larger differences present at systole and with high pitch scans. Similarly, eccentricity illustrated small differences across heart rate and acquisition mode for each spectral result.ConclusionsConsistency of spectral results at different heart rates and acquisition modes for different cardiac phase demonstrates the added benefit of spectral results from PCCT to dual-source CT to further increase confidence in quantification and advance cardiovascular diagnostics.
Vehicle safety tests, rankings, curb weight, and fatal crash rates: automatic emergency brakes associated with increased death rates
Authors: Robertson Leon S. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTThe European New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP), the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), and the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) each publish safety ratings of new passenger vehicles based on crash test results and crash avoidance technology soon after they are introduced into the market. IIHS alone singles out vehicles for “Top Safety Pick”. The Institute also periodically lists driver death rates of vehicles during their first few years of use, accompanied by assertions that larger, heavier passenger vehicles are safer. Median death rates by vehicle size in the Institute’s data do not support the assertion. This study examines the association of vehicle weight to the risk of all deaths in fatal crashes where specific makes and models were involved, controlling statistically for the Institute’s vehicle safety ratings as well as NHTSA ratings of full-frontal crash tests and rollover propensity, lane retention warnings, adaptive cruise control, and automatic braking. Increased weight is slightly related to a lower fatal risk in the 2014-2017 models but not the 2018-2019 models. Lane retention warnings and IIHS’s higher ratings of crashworthiness are related to reduced death risk. Adaptive cruise control is not associated with fatal crash risk. Automatic emergency braking (AEB) technology rated “superior” is a criterion for an IIHS “Top Safety Pick” but it is correlated to higher fatal crash involvement of vehicles that have the technology as optional or standard equipment. IIHS tests of AEB systems are conducted only at low speeds. The statistical results are not definitive but suggest that a rating system based on modeling death risk prediction from more detailed data from various tests such as Euro NCAP tests of AEB systems could better inform consumer choice of vehicles.
SAINT-Angle: self-attention augmented inception-inside-inception network and transfer learning improve protein backbone torsion angle prediction
Authors: Hasan A.K.M. Mehedi , Ahmed Ajmain Yasar , Mahbub Sazan , Rahman M. Saifur , Bayzid Md. Shamsuzzoha 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMotivationProtein structure provides insight into how proteins interact with one another as well as their functions in living organisms. Protein backbone torsion angles (ϕandψ) prediction is a key sub-problem in predicting protein structures. However, reliable determination of backbone torsion angles using conventional experimental methods is slow and expensive. Therefore, considerable effort is being put into developing computational methods for predicting backbone angles.ResultsWe present SAINT-Angle, a highly accurate method for predicting protein backbone torsion angles using a self-attention based deep learning network called SAINT, which was previously developed for the protein secondary structure prediction. We extended and improved the existing SAINT architecture as well as used transfer learning to predict backbone angles. We compared the performance of SAINT-Angle with the state-of-the-art methods through an extensive evaluation study on a collection of benchmark datasets, namely, TEST2016, TEST2018, CAMEO, and CASP. The experimental results suggest that our proposed self-attention based network, together with transfer learning, has achieved notable improvements over the best alternate methods.Availability and implementationSAINT-Angle is freely available as an open-source project athttps://github.com/bayzidlab/SAINT-Angle.Contactshams_bayzid@cse.buet.ac.bdSupplementary informationSupplementary material SM.pdf.
Indirect genetic effects improve female extra-pair heritability estimates
Authors: Dobson Sarah , Dunning Jamie , Burke Terry , Janet Chik Heung Ying , Schroeder Julia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe question of why females engage in extra-pair behaviours is long-standing in evolutionary biology. One suggestion is that these behaviors are maintained through pleiotropic effects on male extra-pair behaviors and lifetime reproductive success (genes controlling extra-pair behaviours are shared between sexes, but only beneficial to one, in this case, males). However, for this to occur extra-pair behaviour must be heritable and positively genetically correlated between sexes. Although previous studies have suggested low heritability with no evidence for between-sex genetic correlations in extra-pair behaviours, indirect genetic effects (those derived from the behaviour of others, IGEs) from the social partner, the influence of the social partner’s genotype on the phenotype of an individual, have not been considered, despite the potential to uncover hidden heritability. Using data from a closed house sparrow population with a genetic pedigree spanning two decades, we tested the influence of IGEs on heritability and genetic correlation estimates of extra-pair behaviour. We found that the inclusion of IGEs improved model fit for both male and female extra-pair heritability. While IGEs did not change between-sex genetic correlations, we found a reduction in uncertainty in our estimates. Future studies should consider the effect of IGEs on the mechanisms of sex specific extra-pair behaviour.
Snakeobjects: an object-oriented workflow management system
Authors: Yamrom Boris , Lee Yoon-ha , Marks Steven , Chorbadjiev Lubomir , Meyer Hannah V , Iossifov Ivan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSnakemake is one of the most popular workflow management systems, particularly in biological sciences. Snakemake workflows are highly portable, scalable, and transparent. Moreover, they enable the painless reproduction of published results and adaption to similar data processing and analysis projects. Here we present Snakeobjects, an extension of Snakemake that considerably simplifies the development of workflows and improves their readability and adaptability while preserving all the benefits of Snakemake that ensure the large and growing community of its users.