bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accretion rates in hierarchical triple systems with discs
Authors: Ceppi Simone , Cuello Nicolás , Lodato Giuseppe , Clarke Cathie , Toci Claudia , Price Daniel J 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Young multiple systems accrete most of their final mass in the first few Myr of their lifetime, during the protostellar and protoplanetary phases. Previous studies showed that in binary systems the majority of the accreted mass falls on to the lighter star, thus evolving to mass equalization. However, young stellar systems often comprise more than two stars, which are expected to be in hierarchical configurations. Despite its astrophysical relevance, differential accretion in hierarchical systems remains to be understood. In this work, we investigate whether the accretion trends expected in binaries are valid for higher order multiples. We performed a set of three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of binaries and of hierarchical triples (HTs) embedded in an accretion disc, with the code phantom. We identify for the first time accretion trends in HTs and their deviations compared to binaries. These deviations, due to the interaction of the small binary with the infalling material from the circumtriple disc, can be described with a semi-analytical prescription. Generally, the smaller binary of an HT accretes more mass than a single star of the same mass as the smaller binary. We found that in an HT, if the small binary is heavier than the third body, the standard differential accretion scenario (whereby the secondary accretes more of the mass) is hampered. Reciprocally, if the small binary is lighter than the third body, the standard differential accretion scenario is enhanced. The peculiar differential accretion mechanism we find in HTs is expected to affect their mass ratio distribution.
Mass-loss implementation and temperature evolution of very massive stars
Authors: Sabhahit Gautham N , Vink Jorick S , Higgins Erin R , Sander Andreas A C 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Very massive stars (VMS) dominate the physics of young clusters due to their ionizing radiation and extreme stellar winds. It is these winds that determine their lifepaths until expiration. Observations in the Arches Cluster show that VMS all have similar temperatures. The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey analysed VMS in the 30 Doradus (30 Dor) region of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) also finding a narrow range of temperatures, albeit at higher values – likely a metallicity effect. Using mesa, we study the main-sequence evolution of VMS with a new mass-loss recipe that switches from optically thin O-star winds to optically thick Wolf–Rayet-type winds through the model-independent transition mass-loss rate of Vink & Gräfener. We examine the temperature evolution of VMS with mass loss that scales with the luminosity-over-mass (L/M) ratio and the Eddington parameter (Γe), assessing the relevance of the surface hydrogen (H) abundance that sets the number of free electrons. We present grids of VMS models at Galactic and LMC metallicity and compare our temperature predictions with empirical results. Models with a steep Γe dependence evolve horizontally in the Hertzsprung–Russel (HR) diagram at nearly constant luminosities, requiring a delicate and unlikely balance between envelope inflation and enhanced mass loss over the entire VMS mass range. By contrast, models with a steep L/M-dependent mass loss are shown to evolve vertically in the HR diagram at nearly constant Teff, naturally reproducing the narrow range of observed temperatures, as well as the correct trend with metallicity. This distinct behaviour of a steeply dropping luminosity is a self-regulatory mechanism that keeps temperatures constant during evolution in the HR diagram.
Accumulation
Authors: Bailey David 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Accumulation—as both a process and a concept—has been of central importance to International Political Economy (IPE), especially for those approaches informed by Marxism and critical political economy. Whilst the concept has its roots in some of the key contributions to classical political economy, and especially that of Marx, it remains central to a rich stream of research within the field of IPE. This chapter sets out the importance and meaning of accumulation as a concept within IPE, both tracing its roots within the critical “wing” of the field, before proceeding to consider ways in which it informs ongoing research and scholarship. Accumulation, the chapter argues, is necessarily central to any attempt to delineate the scope of IPE, rightly drawing our attention towards a (the?) fundamental mechanism driving the uneven, changing, and contested expansion of global capitalism, as it develops over time.
Is minocycline effective for treating depression?
Authors: Kacal Michael J. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Minocycline HCl, a tetracycline antibiotic, commonly is prescribed to treat acne, but also has substantial antidepressant effects, possibly because inflammation plays a key role in depression. The drug has an acceptable safety profile, but more research is needed to determine how best to use it in treating patients with depression.
Structural racism, health disparities, and opportunities for PA practice
Authors: Fleming Shani , Coplan Bettie , Najera Deanna Bridge , Dominguez Delilah , Devine Patricia J. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Social determinants of health are rooted in structural racism. The healthcare community has long recognized the existence of significant race- and ethnicity-related health disparities. Yet pervasive disparities persist despite ongoing calls for institutions and healthcare professionals to promote health equity by addressing bias, discrimination, and social determinants of health. All PAs must take responsibility for the various ways in which we may unwittingly reinforce racism in our profession, and must shift our focus from treating the effects of racism to preventing them.
Supine Posterior Hoop Plating of Bicondylar Posterior Coronal Shear Tibial Plateau Fractures Without Fibular Osteotomy
Authors: Foos Julia K. , Josifi Erlena , Large Thomas M. 
Published: May 2022

Summary:
Tibial plateau posterolateral fragments, especially those associated with articular depression, are difficult to capture and support with anteriorly or lateral based implants. Applying implants to the posterior plateau has traditionally involved a prone approach or fibular osteotomy, especially when access to both the medial and lateral sides is necessary, such as a bicondylar posterior coronal shear fracture pattern. By combining two previously described techniques for posterolateral rim plating and bicondylar hoop plating, we describe a novel technique to apply a posterior bicondylar hoop implant in the supine position without fibular osteotomy for bicondylar posterior coronal shear injuries.
Evaluation of Semicircular Canal Function by Video Head Impulse Test in Patients With Labyrinthine Fistula Due to Cholesteatoma
Authors: Fujiwara Keishi , Morita Shinya , Fukuda Atsushi , Hoshino Kimiko , Nakamaru Yuji , Homma Akihiro 
Published: May 2022

Objectives:
To evaluate semicircular canal function in patients with labyrinthine fistula (LF) due to cholesteatoma by the video Head Impulse Test (vHIT).

Study Design:
Retrospective case review.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Ten patients with LF due to cholesteatoma and six without LF underwent vestibular examination.

Intervention:
Diagnostic.

Main Outcome Measures:
The gain in vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and the presence of catch-up saccade were examined for the semicircular canals in patients with LF.

Results:
Seven of 10 cases (70.0%) in the fistula group were judged to have semicircular canal dysfunction based on preoperative evaluation. VOR gains in the patients with LF were significantly lower than those in the patients without LF. VOR gain decreased significantly in accordance with the severity of the LF. The postoperative VOR gain more than 6 months after surgery was significantly improved compared with the preoperative VOR gain.

Conclusions:
The vHIT is thought to be the most suitable method for evaluating semicircular canal function in patients with LF due to cholesteatoma as it is not influenced by middle ear pathology and can evaluate the function of the vertical canals. The vHIT could predict whether a LF is present or not before surgery, and the vHIT is essential for surgery for patients with LF.
Breastfeeding Among Pediatric Emergency Physicians
Authors: Hendrickson Marissa , Davey Cynthia S. , Harvey Brian A. , Schneider Kari 
Published: May 2022

Objectives
Physician mothers are at risk for early cessation of breastfeeding, in part because of challenges associated with returning to work. Given the inherent unpredictability of emergency medicine practice, we hypothesized that pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physicians would face unique challenges in continuing breastfeeding while working in their field. The aims of this study were to determine the 6-month breastfeeding rates of PEM physicians, gain insight into their experiences expressing breast milk while working in pediatric emergency departments, and determine factors that support or discourage successful breastfeeding.

Methods
This study was a cross-sectional survey of members of the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Emergency Medicine via its quarterly membership survey program. Separate survey pathways were developed for respondents who had ever breastfed and those who had not.

Results
One hundred ninety-three responded; 91 had breastfed, and 102 had not. Of those who breastfed, 90% did so for 6 months or longer. Mean (SD) duration was 12.5 (7.1) months (range, 2–48 months). Of those who expressed milk at work, only 7.6% felt they “always” had sufficient time to pump; 32% felt they “always” had what they considered to be an appropriate location to pump. Breastfeeding duration rate of at least 6 months was higher for those (66%) who “sometimes” to “always” had access to what they felt were appropriate locations to pump than for those (34%) who “never” or “occasionally” did (98 vs 85%, P = 0.048). Eighty-six percent of respondents who had never breastfed reported being “very supportive” of expressing milk at work.

Conclusions
Breastfeeding PEM physicians have high 6-month breastfeeding rates, and many express milk at work. Although colleagues report being supportive, barriers of perceived lack of sufficient time to pump and appropriate pumping locations remain.
Resetting the Course for Foundational Public Health Services (FPHS) During COVID-19
Authors: Tilgner Susan A. , Bickford Beth E. , Beaudrault Sara , Bodden Jaime , Courogen Maria , Flake Marie 
Published: May 2022

Context:
Underfunding of the governmental public health system in the United States has been a problem for many years, and the COVID-19 pandemic revealed the significant gaps in public health infrastructure that have resulted from this inadequate funding.

Program:
The states of Ohio, Oregon, and Washington received funding in 2016 to define, measure, and advocate for the foundational public health services (FPHS) delivered by the governmental public health system. They have taken unique but related approaches to strengthening work in the areas of categorical public health programs and the underlying infrastructure and capabilities that support the programmatic work.

Implementation:
All 3 states conducted assessments of gaps and funding needs that have allowed them to advocate for, and receive, limited resources for the governmental public health system. These resources were used to strengthen the public health system in ways that assisted with pandemic response. The pandemic also provided many opportunities for the states to demonstrate the importance of the foundational capabilities (assessment, communications, partnership development, policy, leadership, quality improvement, emergency response planning) and public health infrastructure in the areas of information technology and laboratory capacity. These opportunities allowed states to make progress in obtaining funding for FPHS.

Conclusion:
While heavily focused on the program area of communicable disease control, the pandemic response highlighted the importance of having a robust public health infrastructure that is well supported in the areas of foundational capabilities. Substantial infrastructure investments will allow health departments to close gaps in health inequities; contribute to the significant work needed postpandemic in the areas of chronic disease, behavioral health, climate change, and social determinants of health; and be better prepared for future emergencies.
Using Community-Based System Dynamics to Address Structural Racism in Community Health Improvement
Authors: Gullett Heidi L. , Brown Gregory L. , Collins Delores , Halko Martha , Gotler Robin S. , Stange Kurt C. , Hovmand Peter S. 
Published: May 2022

Context:
Structural racism is a profound determinant of health resulting in pervasive health inequities for people of color. Despite the recognition of structural racism as a complex, dynamic system, we lack a shared vision of the system that would enable identification of solutions for equitable systems transformation.

Policy:
Through a public health–led community health improvement planning process, a cross-sector consortium implemented community-based system dynamics to provide a systems science lens to guide efforts to eliminate structural racism.

Implementation:
In group model building sessions involving diverse stakeholders, community-based system dynamics was used to bring together cross-sector stakeholders to create causal loop diagrams of the system of structural racism. Participants identified potential leverage points for actionable focus to eliminate structural racism.

Evaluation:
Causal loop diagrams of structural racism generated through group model building demonstrate complex dynamics in the areas of criminal justice, education and economic opportunity, health and health care, quality of life, racial trauma and healing, and a promising system transformative solution through perspective transformation.

Discussion:
Community-based system dynamics, employed in the context of local community health improvement planning, engages stakeholders in systems thinking through sharing lived experience to create system maps of structural racism and identify leverage points and transportable solutions that foster health equity. These informal maps serve as the foundation for formal computer simulation models that will guide systemic action on high-yield, community-driven solutions to eliminate structural racism.
Bridging the Gap Between Transformative Practices and Traditional Public Health Approaches
Authors: Egbuonye Nafissa Cisse , Sesterhenn Lisa , Goldman Bailey , Pikora Joshua , Parmater Jared 
Published: May 2022

Context:
The release of the 24/7 Wall Street publication in November 2018 labeling the Waterloo-Cedar Falls, Iowa, community as the worst city for Black Americans to live in the United States sparked conversations and calls to action across the community—from the kitchen table to the boardroom. It became clear that this was a critical moment for innovative leadership from public health.

Program:
To bring together these individual efforts, and diverse perspectives, toward deeper understanding and system transformation, Black Hawk County Public Health, with support from Engaging Inquiry, adopted a participatory action approach of dynamic system mapping and systemic strategy design.

Implementation:
Using participatory methodologies and tools for systems analysis, stakeholders developed a system map visualizing the patterns driving inequitable outcomes, but also the bright spots and resiliencies, identified and experienced across the community. This map, populated with local stories and data, represents a “theory of context,” and offered a foundation of understanding and connectivity upon which high-impact opportunities for engagement could be identified and developed. By working across sectors and building on existing energy and resources present within the community, systemic strategies were designed to foster critical shifts toward a healthier community.

Evaluation:
A developmental evaluation approach is applied throughout the mapping process to maximize rapid learning and adaption of a complex challenge when stakeholder engagement and trust building is essential.

Discussion:
Participatory systems mapping shows promise as an adaptive approach to allow public health departments to go beyond the traditional roles of public health practice, to collaborate with nontraditional partners, and implement strategies, initiatives, and/or policies that explicitly address inequity and the social determinants of health. Adaptive strategies provide opportunities for the local public health system to identify community health improvement strategies that align with Public Health 3.0.
A National Study of Patient Safety Culture and Patient Safety Goal in Chinese Hospitals
Authors: Huang Huanhuan , Xiao Ling , Chen Zhiyu , Cao Songmei , Zheng Shuangjiang , Zhao Qinghua , Xiao Mingzhao 
Published: May 2022

Objectives
This study aimed to measure the patient safety culture and the current practice of patient safety goals in China.

Methods
This cross-sectional survey was conducted between November 2020 and November 2021. The 12-dimensions Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire and the 14-items Survey on the Current Practice of Patient Safety Goal questionnaire were electronically distributed to 8164 healthcare providers across 26 provinces in China. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multivariate linear regression.

Results
A total of 8164 surveys were received, of which 7765 were valid and analyzed. The average positive response rate for the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture survey was 69.68% (43.41%–91.54%). The percentage of positive responses in 5 dimensions (organizational learning, teamwork within units, feedback about error, management support for safety, and teamwork across units) was above the control limits, and 3 (nonpunitive response to error, staffing, and frequency of event reporting) were below the control limits. The average positive response rate for the Survey on the Current Practice of Patient Safety Goal survey was 96.11%. Patient safety culture was positively related to the current practice of patient safety goals (r = 0.34, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Our study concludes that although healthcare providers in China feel positively toward patient safety culture and practicably toward patient safety goals, considerable work is still needed to promote a patient safety movement.
The Safety of Continued Oral Anticoagulation Therapy in Joint Injections and Aspirations
Authors: Kotecha Jalpa , Gration Betty , Hunt Beverley J. , Goodman Anna L. , Malaiya Ritu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Performing joint aspirations and injections on patients taking long-term oral anticoagulants poses a clinical conundrum. This review aimed to quantify the safety of performing joint procedures in these patients in terms of bleeding risk. In addition, it aimed to identify, in those receiving vitamin K antagonists, what level of international normalized ratio (INR) is the safest.
A review of the medical literature was performed (electronic searches in Ovid [MEDLINE], EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library). English language original reports of patients undergoing joint injections or aspirations performed on anticoagulant therapy, published within the last 10 years, were included.
Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Patients were taking a variety of anticoagulants: warfarin, acenocoumarol, and direct oral anticoagulants. Four cases of hemorrhage were reported after 5427 procedures, over a pooled 32-year period, across 9 centers. The INR values were available for 3 cases with bleeding complications: values were 1.9, 2.3, and 3.4.
Authors of all studies concluded that joint injection is safe in patients on anticoagulants. A variety of joints and approaches, reversal, or withholding of anticoagulation and bridging with low molecular weight heparin did not seem to alter bleeding risk. Bleeding complications remained low even in those with renal or hepatic impairment or those taking concomitant antiplatelets.
In conclusion, joint aspiration and injection are safe in patients taking anticoagulants. Anticoagulation should not be routinely discontinued in these patients; decisions should be made on a case-by-case basis. Because of low event numbers, a recommended safe maximum INR value for joint procedures cannot be determined.
Controversies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 2021
Authors: Porta Sabrina Valeria , Enfrein Antoine , Houssiau Frédéric , García Mercedes , Furie Richard , Rovin Brad H. , Alarcón Graciela S. , Pons-Estel Bernardo A. , Pons-Estel Guillermo J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) affects about a third of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Although the use of conventional therapy has significantly improved the prognosis of LN, the response to treatment remains suboptimal, with high rates of relapse and the occurrence of end-stage kidney disease. The implementation of new diagnostic and treatment strategies aimed at improving these outcomes represents a necessary paradigm shift in the management of LN.
Herein, we discuss different points of view regarding these still unresolved issues; these comments represent a debate that took place during the virtual congress of the Pan American League of Associations for Rheumatology (PANLAR) and which was organized by the PANLAR Lupus Study Group, GLADEL (Grupo Latino Americano De Estudio del Lupus) on August 15, 2021.
SUBCLINICAL KIDNEY INJURY IS CAUSED BY A MODERATE SINGLE INFLAMMATORY EVENT
Authors: Heinzl Matthias Wolfgang , Resl Michael , Klammer Carmen , Fellinger Paul , Schinagl Lukas , Obendorf Florian , Feldbauer Roland , Pohlhammer Johannes , Wagner Thomas , Egger Margot , Dieplinger Benjamin , Clodi Martin 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Background: Current means of diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) based on serum creatinine have poor sensitivity and may miss possible therapeutic windows in subclinical kidney injury, especially in septic AKI. Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) may be a valuable biomarker to improve diagnostic algorithms for AKI. The understanding of septic AKI is still insufficient, and knowledge about KIM-1 kinetics in inflammation is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on KIM-1 as a marker of structural kidney injury in healthy volunteers. Methods: A single-blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over study using the human endotoxin model (LPS administration) was performed in 10 healthy men. Kidney injury molecule-1 and serum creatinine were measured repetitively for 48 hours. Results: We observed a significant elevation of serum KIM-1 levels after the administration of LPS (P < 0.001). Furthermore, LPS caused a significant elevation of serum creatinine at an early time point (P = 0.013) as compared with placebo. Conclusion: Even a relatively small inflammatory stimulus is sufficient to cause subclinical structural kidney injury with elevated KIM-1 and serum creatinine in healthy volunteers. This outlines the insufficiency of the current diagnostic approach regarding AKI and the urgency to develop novel diagnostic algorithms including markers of kidney injury. Clinical Trial Registration:
www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT03392701 (August 1, 2018)