bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED ARTICLE: The assessment of the protective impact of spidroin extract against UV-A radiation damage by using earthworms (Aporrectodea caliginosa) as a robust human skin model via macroscopic and histological observations
Authors: El-Aziz Fatma El-Zahraa A. Abd , Ismail May S. , Askary Ahmad El , El-kott Attalla F. , Tantawy Ahmed A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNumerous studies have confirmed the damage caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet-A rays. Malignant melanoma and skin cancer are two of the most serious health consequences. Thus, the UV-A protectant is intended to protect the skin, especially the two primary layers of skin (epidermis that represents the interface between the body and its surroundings and dermis). Spider silk is the most powerful natural fibre due to its regeneration, biocompatibility, antimicrobial, wound healing, antiseptic, and blood clotting properties. This work targeted to determine the protective effect of spidroin extract against UV-A radiation damage. Earthworms Aporrectodea caliginosa were collected from Assiut University’s farm. Each set of ten earthworms was separated into six groups and placed in a plastic container. Webs of spiders collected from trees and old houses. Spidroin was extracted and utilised in this work to determine the potential effects of topical application on UV-A protection. The experiment is divided into two sections: (1) UV-A exposure and (2) the use of spidroin extract to protect the earthworms from ultraviolet radiation. Two control groups (1،2) of worms were not received UV-A exposure, and four groups (3,4,5,6) were exposed to UVR-A. In contrast, groups (5,6) were received spidroin extract before exposure to UV-A. Each group from the groups (3,4,5,6) was exposed for three consecutive days (¼ hour/day, ½ hour/day, and 1 h/day), using a UV-Lamp with a wavelength of 366 nm. The histopathological changes revealed that after 1⁄4 h of UV exposure, the cuticle was swollen with a slightly detached epithelium. The cuticle was down after 1⁄2 h of exposure, and the epidermis was totally damaged and necrosed. After 1 h, the exposure showed destruction of the epidermis in the circular muscle with a loss of muscle filament integrity, varying size, and altered nucleus form, along with mild disintegration of longitudinal muscle. Spidroin extract is critical for earthworm protection against UV-A radiation damage and able to regeneration. For the first time, morphological and histological analysis was established to detect the Spidroin extract evaluated for topical application on earthworms. Earthworms can be considered as a robust human skin model prior to UV-A exposure. It induces a complete protective effect against UV-A radiation damage in earthworms.
Graphical abstract
How to evaluate sediment fingerprinting source apportionments
Authors: Batista P. V. G. , Laceby J. P. , Evrard O. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Evaluating sediment fingerprinting source apportionments with artificial mixtures is crucial for supporting decision-making and advancing modeling approaches. However, artificial mixtures are rarely incorporated into fingerprinting research and guidelines for model testing are currently lacking. Here, we demonstrate how to test source apportionments using laboratory and virtual mixtures by comparing the results from Bayesian and bootstrapped modeling approaches.

Materials and methods
Laboratory and virtual mixtures (n = 79) with known source proportions were created with soil samples from two catchments in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Soil samples were sieved at 63 µm and analyzed for colorimetric and geochemical parameters. The MixSIAR Bayesian framework and a bootstrapped mixing model (BMM) were used to estimate source contributions to the artificial mixtures. In addition, we proposed and demonstrated the use of multiple evaluation metrics to report on model uncertainty, residual errors, performance, and contingency criteria.

Results and discussion
Overall, there were negligible differences between source apportionments for the laboratory and virtual mixtures, for both models. The comparison between MixSIAR and BMM illustrated a trade-off between accuracy and precision in the model results. The more certain MixSIAR solutions encompassed a lesser proportion of known source values, whereas the BMM apportionments were markedly less precise. Although model performance declined for mixtures with a single source contributing greater than 0.75 of the material, both models represented the general trends in the mixtures and identified their major sources.

Conclusions
Virtual mixtures are as robust as laboratory mixtures for assessing fingerprinting mixing models if analytical errors are negligible. We therefore recommend to always include virtual mixtures as part of the model testing process. Additionally, we highlight the value of using evaluation metrics that consider the accuracy and precision of model results, and the importance of reporting uncertainty when modeling source apportionments.
Evidence Gaps in Assessments of the Healthiness of Online Supermarkets Highlight the Need for New Monitoring Tools: a Systematic Review
Authors: Maganja Damian , Miller Mia , Trieu Kathy , Scapin Tailane , Cameron Adrian , Wu Jason H. Y. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurpose of ReviewOnline grocery shopping is increasingly popular, but the extent to which these food environments encourage healthy or unhealthy purchases is unclear. This review identifies studies assessing the healthiness of real-world online supermarkets and frameworks to support future efforts.Recent FindingsA total of 18 studies were included and 17 assessed aspects of online supermarkets. Pricing and promotional strategies were commonly applied to unhealthy products, while nutrition labelling may not meet regulated requirements or support consumer decision-making. Few studies investigated the different and specific ways online supermarkets can influence consumers. One framework for comprehensively capturing the healthiness of online supermarkets was identified, particularly highlighting the various ways retailers can tailor the environment to target individuals.SummaryComprehensive assessments of online supermarkets can identify the potential to support or undermine healthy choices and dietary patterns. Common, validated instruments to facilitate consistent analysis and comparison are needed, particularly to investigate the new opportunities the online setting offers to influence consumers.
Validation of a Swedish translation of the gamblers’ beliefs questionnaire
Authors: Mide Mikael , Karlemon Patrik , Söderpalm Gordh Anna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe 20-item Gamblers’ Beliefs Questionnaire (GBQ) is used to identify cognitive distortions commonly had by gamblers. There is a great need for psychometrically validated instruments for both treatment and research purposes in the field of gambling addiction in Sweden. The purpose of this study was to validate a Swedish translation of the GBQ by assessing internal consistency, convergent validity, known-groups validity, the two-factor structure of the GBQ, and scaling success. The GBQ was translated into Swedish (GBQ-SE) and validated in a sample of 402 Swedish speaking women (47.9%) and men (52.1%) between 18–86 years, representing undergraduates, a working population, and people with current or historical gambling problems. The GBQ-SE showed excellent internal consistency and moderate relationships with instruments of problem gambling severity. We also showed that problem gamblers tend to endorse more gambling related distortions than non-problem gamblers by finding a significantly higher level of cognitive distortions in the problem gambler group. We were not able to confirm the two-factor structure in our sample. When assessing scaling success an overlap for eight of twenty of the items between the subscales was found. We conclude that the GBQ-SE is valid as a general instrument of gambling related cognitive distortions. It can be used to aid in treatment planning with gambling addicted clients, to evaluate treatment outcome, and for research purposes.
Voluntary auditory change: First-person access to agentive aspects of attention regulation
Authors: Wagemann Johannes 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn perceptual psychology, audition and introspection have not yet received as much attention as other topics (e.g., vision) and methods (third-person paradigms). Practical examples and theoretical considerations show that it nevertheless seems promising to treat both topics in conjunction to gain insights into basic structures of attention regulation and respective agentive awareness. To this end, an empirical study on voluntary auditory change was conducted with a non-reactive first-person design. Data were analyzed with a mixed methods approach and compared with an analogous study on visual reversal. Qualitative hierarchical coding and explorative statistics yield a cross-modal replication of frequency patterns of mental activity as well as significant differences between the modalities. On this basis, the role of mental agency in perception is refined in terms of different levels of intention and discussed in the context of the philosophical mental action debate as well as of the Global Workspace/Working Memory account. As a main result, this work suggests the existence and structure of a gradual and developable agentive attention awareness on which voluntary attention regulation can build, and which justifies speaking, in a certain sense, of attentional self-perception.
Direct cyclodextrin-based powder extrusion 3D printing for one-step production of the BCS class II model drug niclosamide
Authors: Pistone Monica , Racaniello Giuseppe Francesco , Arduino Ilaria , Laquintana Valentino , Lopalco Antonio , Cutrignelli Annalisa , Rizzi Rosanna , Franco Massimo , Lopedota Angela , Denora Nunzio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNiclosamide (NCS) is a drug that has been used as an anthelmintic and anti-parasitic drug for about 40 years. Recently, some studies have highlighted its potential in treating various tumors, allowing a repositioning of this drug. Despite its potential, NCS is a Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Class II drug and is consequently characterized by low aqueous solubility, poor dissolution rate and reduced bioavailability, which limits its applicability. In this work, we utilize a very novel technique, direct powder extrusion (DPE) 3D printing, which overcomes the limitations of previously used techniques (fused deposition modelling, FDM) to achieve direct extrusion of powder mixtures consisting of NCS, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC, Affinisol 15 LV), hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000. For the first time, direct printing of powder blends containing HP-β-CD was conducted. For all tablets, in vitro dissolution studies showed sustained drug release over 48 h, but for tablets containing HP-β-CD, the release was faster. Solid-state characterization studies showed that during extrusion, the drug lost its crystal structure and was evenly distributed within the polymer matrix. All printed tablets have exhibited good mechanical and physical features and a stability of the drug content for up to 3 months. This innovative printing technique has demonstrated the possibility to produce personalized pharmaceutical forms directly from powders, avoiding the use of filament used by FDM.
Graphical abstract
Machine learning models for classification and identification of significant attributes to detect type 2 diabetes
Authors: Howlader Koushik Chandra , Satu Md. Shahriare , Awal Md. Abdul , Islam Md. Rabiul , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful , Quinn Julian M. W. , Moni Mohammad Ali 
Published: February 2022

AbstractType 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a chronic disease characterized by abnormally high blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance and reduced pancreatic insulin production. The challenge of this work is to identify T2D-associated features that can distinguish T2D sub-types for prognosis and treatment purposes. We thus employed machine learning (ML) techniques to categorize T2D patients using data from the Pima Indian Diabetes Dataset from the Kaggle ML repository. After data preprocessing, several feature selection techniques were used to extract feature subsets, and a range of classification techniques were used to analyze these. We then compared the derived classification results to identify the best classifiers by considering accuracy, kappa statistics, area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC), sensitivity, specificity, and logarithmic loss (logloss). To evaluate the performance of different classifiers, we investigated their outcomes using the summary statistics with a resampling distribution. Therefore, Generalized Boosted Regression modeling showed the highest accuracy (90.91%), followed by kappa statistics (78.77%) and specificity (85.19%). In addition, Sparse Distance Weighted Discrimination, Generalized Additive Model using LOESS and Boosted Generalized Additive Models also gave the maximum sensitivity (100%), highest AUROC (95.26%) and lowest logarithmic loss (30.98%) respectively. Notably, the Generalized Additive Model using LOESS was the top-ranked algorithm according to non-parametric Friedman testing. Of the features identified by these machine learning models, glucose levels, body mass index, diabetes pedigree function, and age were consistently identified as the best and most frequently accurate outcome predictors. These results indicate the utility of ML methods in constructing improved prediction models for T2D and successfully identified outcome predictors for this Pima Indian population.
Ultrasound findings of the thyroid gland in children and adolescents
Authors: Moschos Elena , Mentzel Hans-Joachim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUltrasonography (US) is an important diagnostic tool in evaluating thyroid diseases in pediatric patients. This pictorial essay reviews the application of various ultrasound techniques such as B-Mode ultrasound and color Doppler, elastography and contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in children and adolescents in various thyroid pathologies including congenital thyroid abnormalities, diffuse thyroid diseases (DTD), focal thyroid lesions and thyroid malignancy.
Optimised gravity anomaly fields from along-track multi-mission satellite altimeter over Malaysian seas
Authors: Yazid Nornajihah Mohammad , Din Ami Hassan Md , Omar Abdullah Hisam , Abdullah Nazirah Mohamad , Pa’suya Muhammad Faiz , Hamden Mohammad Hanif , Yahaya Noor Anim Zanariah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMarine gravity anomalies are crucial parameters and elements for determining coastal and ocean geoid, tectonics and crustal structures, as well as offshore studies. This study aims to derive and develop a marine gravity anomaly model over Malaysian seas from multi-mission altimetry data. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 2020 Mean Sea Surface Model is computed based on along-track data from nine satellite missions, incorporating TOPEX, Jason-1, Jason-2, ERS-2, Geosat Follow on (GFO), Envisat-1, CryoSat-2, SARAL/AltiKa, and Sentinel-3A. The data exploited are from 1993 to 2019 (27 years). Residual gravity anomaly is computed using Gravity Software, and two-dimensional planar Fast Fourier Transformation method is applied. The evaluation, selection, blunder detection, combination, and re-gridding of the altimetry-derived gravity anomalies and Global Geopotential Model data are demonstrated. Cross-validation procedure is employed for data cleaning and quality control using the Kriging interpolation method. Then, cross-validation procedure is applied to the tapering window width 200, which adopting the GECO model denotes the optimum gravity anomaly with root mean square errors in the range of ± 4.2472 mGal to ± 6.0202 mGal. The findings suggest that the estimated marine gravity anomaly is acceptable to be implemented in the marine geoid determination and bathymetry estimation over Malaysian seas. In addition, the results of this study are valuable for geodetic and geophysical applications in marine areas.
Freedom at Work: Understanding, Alienation, and the AI-Driven Workplace
Authors: Vredenburgh Kate 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper explores a neglected normative dimension of algorithmic opacity in the workplace and the labor market. It argues that explanations of algorithms and algorithmic decisions are of noninstrumental value. That is because explanations of the structure and function of parts of the social world form the basis for reflective clarification of our practical orientation toward the institutions that play a central role in our life. Using this account of the noninstrumental value of explanations, the paper diagnoses distinctive normative defects in the workplace and economic institutions which a reliance on AI can encourage, and which lead to alienation.
Duration of isolation and contagiousness in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients receiving tocilizumab and dexamethasone: A case series
Authors: Côté Florence , Boivin Guy , Loungnarath Vilayvong , Ruest Annie , Bestman-Smith Julie , Carbonneau Julie , Hamelin Marie-Ève , Roy Marie-Claude 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe describe 10 patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who received tocilizumab and dexamethasone. We correlated isolation duration with cycle thresholds (Ct) values of nucleic acid amplification tests, clinical state and viral cultures. Isolation duration exceeded 21 days for 7 patients due to positive viral cultures or Ct values <30.
A History of Style and a Style of History: The Hermeneutic ofTarzin Persian Literary Criticism
Authors: Farghadani Shahla 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article considers style in Persian literary history and its critical rhetorical and hermeneutical roles for poets and critics in the medieval and Safavid-Mughal eras. It explores howtarz(manner) emerged as a hermeneutical term in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries and achieved a central position insukhansanjī(evaluating speech) in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. This account oftarz—grounded in its historicity and multivalent implications—offers new insights into language for early modern Persian literary history, which is often periodized assabk-i hindī(Indian style) ortāza-gūyī(fresh-speaking). Through a close reading of Safavid-Mughaltazkiras (literary compendiums), this contribution examinestarzas an operating concept deployed by a number of prominenttazkirawriters. Finally, the article concludes by discussing this legacy's impact on twentieth-century scholarship.
Multimessenger astronomy with a kHz-band gravitational-wave observatory
Authors: Sarin Nikhil , Lasky Paul D. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Proposed next-generation networks of gravitational-wave observatories include dedicated kilohertz instruments that target neutron star science, such as the proposed Neutron Star Extreme Matter Observatory, NEMO. The original proposal for NEMO highlighted the need for it to exist in a network of gravitational-wave observatories to ensure detection confidence and sky localisation of sources. We show that NEMO-like observatories have significant utility on their own as coincident electromagnetic observations can provide the detection significance and sky localisation. We show that, with a single NEMO-like detector and expected electromagnetic observatories in the late 2020 s and early 2030 s such as the Vera C. Rubin observatory and SVOM, approximately 40% of all binary neutron star mergers detected with gravitational waves could be confidently identified as coincident multimessenger detections. We show that we expect

$2^{+10}_{-1}{yr^{-1}}{}$

coincident observations of gravitational-wave mergers with gamma-ray burst prompt emission,

$13^{+23}_{-10}{yr^{-1}}{}$

detections with kilonova observations, and

$4^{+18}_{-3}{yr^{-1}}{}$

with broadband afterglows and kilonovae, where the uncertainties are 90% confidence intervals arising from uncertainty in current merger-rate estimates. Combined, this implies a coincident detection rate of

$14^{+25}_{-11}{yr^{-1}}{}$

out to

$300\,\mathrm{Mpc}$

. These numbers indicate significant science potential for a single kilohertz gravitational-wave detector operating without a global network of other gravitational-wave observatories.
A novel approach to managing circumferential entrapment of a child's tongue within a plastic lid
Authors: Selwyn A , Praveen C V , De Silva R , Rehman F 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe increased popularity of reusable drinking bottles may have safety implications when used by children. This paper discusses the lessons learnt from managing two cases of children presenting to our ENT department who required surgical intervention for complications arising from their use.Case reportThis paper presents a case series of two five-year-old children who attended the emergency department with circumferential entrapment of their tongue within plastic drinking bottle lids of similar design. The unique anaesthetic and surgical challenges surrounding these cases are discussed.ConclusionThese represent the only reported cases of circumferential entrapment of the tongue by a foreign body requiring general anaesthesia where orotracheal intubation was contraindicated. A creative general anaesthetic approach was taken using ketamine and Optiflow high-flow nasal oxygen therapy. A reproducible surgical technique using powered cutting instruments is also discussed.
The Forum-Basilica at Caerwent (Venta Silurum): A History of the Roman Silures
Authors: Guest Peter 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTLying at the heart of the city of Venta Silurum, the forum-basilica at Caerwent tells the public, municipal, story of the Civitas Silurum in south Wales. The re-excavation of this complex between 1987 and 1995 revealed a wealth of new information that has a great deal to tell us about the history of the city and the fortunes of its inhabitants. Constructed in the early second century and rebuilt in the middle of the fourth century, the forum-basilica was where the administrative, judicial, commercial and religious functions of the city were located. The modifications to the basilica at the very end of the Roman period indicate continued use of this civic space in the later fourth and fifth centuries.
Intent-Aware Optimal Collision Avoidance and Trajectory Planning for a Pursuit Vehicle
Authors: Biswas Karnika , Kar Indrani , Feron Eric 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThis paper presents an integrated optimal control framework for velocity and steering control of an autonomous pursuit vehicle, where the control objectives satisfy the requirements of collision avoidance and moving target tracking. A distinctive feature of the proposed velocity and steering control is the application of logarithmic penalty functions to both. The control barrier imposed by logarithmic function provides a unique tool in computing a balanced trajectory with optimal tracking error, control effort and safety margin. Trajectories compliant with the safety regulations for autonomous driving have been planned based on estimated intention of the target and the obstacles. Effects of the controller weights have been extensively simulated to assess the performance of the proposed strategy in a variety of dynamic situations. The controller has been validated on a real-life robot by using a shrinking horizon control policy for iterative optimisation.