bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The technology of ancient lime mortars from the Żejtun Roman Villa (Malta)
Authors: Fort R. , Varas-Muriel M. J. , Ergenç D. , Cassar J. , Anastasi M. , Vella N. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Studies on original mortars can greatly assist archaeological interpretations, as elucidating the composition of such mortars gives clues on the origin of raw materials, manufacturing technology and the construction phases of a site. This article presents the multi-analytical characterization of 24 mortars and plasters sampled at the Żejtun Roman Villa, Malta, to support archaeological hypotheses on the history of the construction of the site. The stratigraphy of the Żejtun archaeological site includes at least three distinct phases and samples were obtained from each. Samples were analysed using polarised light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM–EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), ion chromatography (IC), and stable isotope analysis (13C and 18O). The assessment of the results of the analyses through correlations with archaeological evidence identifies five types of mortars with varying degrees of hydraulicity. These are associated with different phases of the development of the site, and distinctive uses, and were mainly produced by using local resources, except from the Early Roman period when natural pozzolanic raw materials started being used. As there are no natural pozzolanic materials on the Maltese Islands, it is being hypothesised that the pozzolanic aggregate was imported to the Islands from neighbouring volcanic regions. This volcanic aggregate was abundant in one of the mortar types, which was used mainly as a bedding mortar for floors.
Dynamic Advertising Games in Duopolies under One Step Ahead Optimal Control
Authors: Bhaya Amit , Kaszkurewicz Eugenius 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Models of sales response to advertising, also referred to as market share dynamics under advertising have been the concern first of economists and later of researchers in marketing, starting from the late 1950s. Vidale and Wolfe, in 1957, proposed their now eponymous model based on sales data. Since then, most of the work in the field has centered around the application of optimal control methods, leading to open-loop control of the Vidale-Wolfe and variants, in order to achieve a given market share, while minimizing advertising expenditure. The extension to duopolies was made by Deal, in the continuous-time case, and is denominated the Vidale-Wolfe-Deal (VWD) model. In discrete-time VWD models and variants, two firms compete for market share, in a dynamic game setting , described by a pair of difference equations. This paper studies these dynamic games, using the natural concept of one step ahead optimal control, in which each firm optimizes its own performance index at the next step, and only has access to some information about its competitor. Two cases are studied: with and without stipulating target market shares for each firm. It is shown that when target market shares are not specified , for the VWD model, limit cycles of large period can occur when each firm uses linear performance indices, while multiple equilibria may arise when quadratic performance indices are used. Three other proposed models result in games that lead to equilibria and do not have limit cycle behavior. When target market shares are specified, convergence to an equilibrium occurs for all the models proposed in this paper.
Remote Care Adoption in Underserved Congenital Heart Disease Patients during the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Morrison Annie R. , Moore Judson A. , Moreno Jasmine S. , Dyer Karla J. , Lopez Keila N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective
The COVID-19 pandemic restricted in-person appointments and prompted an increase in remote healthcare delivery. Our goal was to assess access to remote care for complex pediatric cardiology patients.
Methods
We performed a retrospective chart review of Texas Children’s Hospital (TCH) pediatric cardiology outpatient appointments from March 2020 to December 2020 for established congenital heart disease (CHD) patients 1 to 17 yo. Primary outcome variables were remote care use of telemedicine and patient portal activation. Primary predictor variables were age, sex, insurance, race/ethnicity, language, and location. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze patient demographics. Multivariate logistic regression determined associations with remote care use (p < 0.05).
Results
We identified 5,410 established patients with clinic appointments during the identified timeframe. Adopters of telemedicine included 13% of patients (n = 691). Of the prior non patient portal users, 4.5% activated their accounts. On multivariate analysis, older age (10–17 yo) was associated with increased telemedicine (OR 2.05, 95%CI 1.73, 2.45) and patient portal use (OR 1.70, 95%CI 1.33, 2.18). Public insurance (OR 1.73, 95%CI 1.31, 2.29) and Spanish speaking were associated with increased patient portal adoption. Race/ethnicity was not significantly associated with telemedicine use or patient portal adoption.
Conclusion
Telehealth adoption among older children may be indicative of their ability to aid in the use of these technologies. Higher participation in patient portal activation among publicly insured and Spanish speaking patients is encouraging and demonstrates ability to navigate some degree of remote patient care. Adoption of remote patient care may assist in reducing access to care disparities.
Polyvinylalcohol-carbazate mitigates acute lung injury caused by hydrochloric acid
Authors: Dong Caijuan , Liu Jielu , Quaranta Alessandro , Jing Xu , Nie Mu , Wheelock Craig , Murrell Benjamin , Coquet Jonathan M. , Bowden Tim , Engstrand Thomas , Adner Mikael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), are important causes of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Gastric contents aspiration is one of the most common causes of ALI/ARDS. To date, there are still no specific and effective pharmacological treatments for ALI/ARDS. Polyvinylalcohol-carbazate (PVAC), a polymer that has the ability to bind endogenous aldehydes, neutralize oxidative stress and inhibit inflammatory factors, may be a potential treatment for ALI/ARDS.
Methods
A hydrochloric acid (HCl) induced mouse model were employed to assess the effect of PVAC. The changes of lung mechanics, pulmonary edema, histology and immune cells, cytokines, and lipid mediators in bronchioalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were investigated in HCl-challenged mice.
Results
In the HCl model, PVAC administration alleviated airway hyperresponsiveness and improved pulmonary edema and damage. In addition, it decreased the recruitment of neutrophils to the lung, and inhibited the increase of IL-6, TNF-α and leukotriene B4.
Conclusions
PVAC is a potential treatment for ALI/ARDS caused by inhalation of gastric acid.
Development and validation of a clinical guideline for responding to child sexual abuse in Iran: a mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Rahnavardi Mona , Shahali Shadab , Montazeri Ali , Ahmadi Fazlollah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Failure to provide health services for complications of child and adolescent sexual abuse harms for health in survivors. Designing and executing a clinical guideline that provides evidence-based services for the survivor's problems based on their practical context is the best approach. Here, we purpose to develop and validate a clinical guideline for health care services for children and adolescents with sexual abuse in Iran.Methods: We will develop and validate a guideline in three phases by using an exploratory sequential mixed methods approach: (1) Conducting a systematic review on studies, resources, and guidelines on health care services for survivors worldwide and describing the diagnostic and treatment needs for survivors of sexual abuse in Iran and the health services they receive.(2) Developing a guideline on health care services for children and adolescents who survived sexual abuse in Iran based on the results of phase 1 and relevant comments from key informants by "nominal group technique" through multiple steps.(3) Validating the guideline and determination of the ‘User Agreement’ and key stakeholders about the applicability of this guideline by using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation Instrument.Discussion: Due to the limitations that exist in this area in Iran, a comprehensive, practical, and cultural-based guideline on providing diagnostic and treatment services for children and adolescents who survived sexual abuse will be developed. It is expected that this guideline can significantly prevent many short and long-term sexual abuse complications and improve the quality of life of survivors of sexual abuse by providing timely health care services.Registration and grant number: This project was approved by Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran with the ethics code of (IR.MODARES.REC.1398.230), and (Grant no. 1398-230).
Validation of soil thermal conductivity models
Authors: Wessolek Gerd , Bohne Klaus 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study describes the generation of a homogeneous data base of 2733 non-stationary thermal conductivity laboratory measurements of about 158 soil cores with varying texture, bulk density, SOM, pH, and carbonate content. This data set has been used to validate ten well established pedo-transfer functions for predicting thermal conductivity by using easily available soil information such as soil texture, bulk density, and water content. Models were grouped into (i) physically based and (ii) empirical ones that need measured data for its calibration.The physical based transfer-function of deVries et al. (1963), as described by Döll (1996), has been finally used to set up a framework of standard values for the USDA soil classes. For planning purposes, these estimates may be more valuable than single point values of thermal conductivity.
Clinical alteration with nearly application of silicone hydrogel contact lenses after small incision lenticule extraction
Authors: Luo Yiqi , Chen Pei , Yu Keming 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the effects of early application of silicone hydrogel contact lenses on the ocular surface and tear film changes, visual acuity, and visual quality of patients after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).METHODS: A prospective randomized, self-controlled study was conducted utilizing 124 eyes attained from 62 patients with myopia and astigmatism. One eye of each patient was randomly assigned to wear Pure Vision contact lenses which were removed 1 day post SMILE, while the other eye did not wear lenses. Follow-up was performed 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after surgery.RESULTS: Postoperative objective visual quality parameters MTF, SR, OV100%, OV20%, and OV9% in both two groups were increased over time (Ptime < 0.05), yet no significant difference between the two groups. At the follow-up of 4 hours, 8 hours, and 1 day after surgery, the symptoms of tearing in the treatment group were significantly reduced compared with the control group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were detected regarding tear film break-up time, corneal fluorescein staining score, Schirmer I test score, and central corneal thickness at each time point following surgery (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: Early silicone hydrogel contact lens-wearing after SMILE exerts an ameliorative effect on subjective discomfort symptoms of patients within 4 hours post surgery, but it cannot shorten the duration of altered ocular surface tear dynamics and objective visual quality caused by SMILE.
Preliminary study of Toxocara canis Recombinant C- type Lectin as a suitable antigen for serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis
Authors: Malekzade Parmida , Hosseini Seyed Hossein , Shahbakhsh Mahsa , Shayan Parviz , Zibaei Mohammad , Jamshidi Shahram , Rismani Elham , Moghadasi Abdorreza Naser , Akrami Mohammad , Jalousian Fateme 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
C-type lectin (CTL) is the main protein part of the secretory-excretory product, secreted by secondary stage Toxocara canis larvae. Considering the antigenic characteristics of the protein, overlapping regions were identified as the highly potent MHC-I and MHC-II binding epitopes. Furthermore, several distinct regions were distinguished as the linear and non-linear B cell epitopes. To use this protein as a candidate for serological diagnosis, the recombinant pET-32a(+) plasmid containing the 660 bp sequence of Toxocara canis C-type lectin gene was synthesized and successfully cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli (DE3+). Subsequently, the expression of the insert was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot using an anti-His monoclonal antibody. Fifty-six serum samples were collected from pet owners. Forty-four samples were negative and twelve samples were positive performed with a commercial ELISA kit. The same samples were also tested using dot blot and western blot analysis prepared with recombinant CTL antigen (rCTL). Interestingly, the results achieved by dot blot and western blot analysis generated with rCTL showed that two negative samples determined by ELISA tests were positive in the mentioned tests, The other samples had comparable results as well as the ELISA test. A comparison of the test results of 56 human sera showed that the results were the same between the three test methods and the Kappa coefficient was calculated 1(p-value=7.25) and 0.9(p-value=1.29). It was suspected that the rCTL is more sensitive than the whole antigen secreted by Toxocara canis. In conclusion, this antigen could be further evaluated within the supplementary studies to improve the toxocariasis diagnostic kits.
Evaluating the Risk of Thermal Damage to Dermal Tissue in Cataract Surgery Related Phacoemulsification
Authors: Ramprasad Aarya , Qureshi Fahad , White William Abraham 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
BackgroundModern cataract surgery relies on a phacoemulsification handpiece which can generate excessive heat leading to corneal burns. Burns outside of the eye are not well documented. This study aimed to determine whether the handpiece could cause thermal injury to patients outside the eye and if the device is able to ignite drapes.Methods3 trials using porcine skin were completed to assess the possibility and speed of char occurring with the handpiece tip being in contact with different materials including the tip directly on a pig foot with no drape, a Henry Schein standard drape, and a 3M plastic Steri-Drape. Trials were performed with the silicone cover on the tip and without. Each trial was repeated 3 times with no statistically significant difference between trials of the same material (P < 0.05). The Infiniti Vision System by Alcon Labs was used.ResultsWith no drape, the tip without a sleeve caused char within 3.0 seconds while with a sleeve caused char at 10.0 seconds or above (Fig. 1). Trials with the standard drape did not cause char but did burn a hole through the drape regardless of the sleeve. The tip with the sleeve burnt through the plastic drape, charring in 2.7 seconds, while no sleeve led to the same result in less than 1.0 seconds (Fig. 2). In all trials, charring was quicker without the silicone sleeve. No trials resulted in drape ignition.ConclusionsCharred skin is considered to be a 3rd-degree full-thickness burn with less severe burns possibly not being visible. One trial showed the body of the handpiece at 53.6℃ degrees with immediate destruction of the epidermis known to occur above 44℃. The silicone tip proved to be protective but not effective in preventing burns. The trial was not completed in an oxygen-enriched environment. Focused efforts on using the silicon tip, irrigation, and placing the phacoemulsification handpiece on a surface other than the patient could prevent burns from occurring.
The complete chloroplast genome of Punica granatum var. pleniflora
Authors: Zhu Jiamin , Yang Xia , Zhao Yuxue , Wu Liu-Yan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of Punica granatum var. pleniflora were determined. The full-length P. granatum var.pleniflora cp genome was 158,655 bp, including a large single-copy(LSC) region of 89,037 bp, a small single-copy(SSC) region of 18,686 bp, and a pair of inverted repeats(IR) of 25,466 bp. A total of 112 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes were predicted by the analyses. Furthermore, the overall GC content of the complete cp genome was 36.90%. Phylogenetic analysis further suggested that P. granatum var. pleniflora was closely related to Punica granatum Linn, with high bootstrap values.
Gap-filling of ocean color over the tropical Indian Ocean using Monte-Carlo method
Authors: Modi Aditi , K Roxy M , Ghosh Subimal 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Continuous remote-sensed daily fields of ocean color now span over two decades; however, it still remains a challenge to examine the ocean ecosystem processes, e.g., phenology, at temporal frequencies of less than a month. This is due to the presence of significantly large gaps in satellite data caused by clouds, sun-glint, and hardware failure; thus, making gap-filling a prerequisite. Commonly used techniques of gap-filling are limited to single value imputation, thus ignoring the error estimates. Though convenient for datasets with fewer missing pixels, these techniques introduce potential biases in datasets having a higher percentage of gaps, such as in the tropical Indian Ocean during the summer monsoon, the satellite coverage is reduced up to 40% due to the seasonally varying cloud cover. In this study, we fill the missing values in the tropical Indian Ocean with a set of plausible values (here, 10,000) using the classical Monte-Carlo method and prepare 10,000 gap-filled datasets of ocean color. Using the Monte-Carlo method for gap-filling provides the advantage to estimate the phenological indicators with an uncertainty range, to indicate the likelihood of estimates. Quantification of uncertainty arising due to missing values is critical to address the importance of underlying datasets and hence, motivating future observations.
Andrographolide Derivative AL-1 Ameliorates LPS-induced Acute Lung Injury by
Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome and Lung Permeability
Authors: Li Tangjia , Zhang Chu , Wei Yuke , Zhong Haijing , Shan Luchen , Yu Pei , Wang Yuqiang , Xu Lipeng 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious respiratory disease with a high mortality rate, and
there is an urgent need for a more effective treatment strategy. Andrographolide derivative AL-1 has been identified
to possess anti-inflammatory activity. However, whether it could reduce LPS-induced lung injury in mice
through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and protecting lung permeability has not yet been elucidated.
In the present research, we investigated the protective effect of AL-1 on ALI mice and demonstrated the
potential mechanisms.

Methods:
Male Balb/c mice were anesthetized with isoflurane, and ALI mice were induced by intratracheal
instillation of LPS. The mice were euthanized after LPS administration for 12 h, then bronchoalveolar lavage
fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were collected. The levels of inflammatory factors were measured by ELISA
assay, and HE staining and lung injury scoring were used to evaluate the pathological changes in the pulmonary
tissues. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence examination were conducted to detect the expression
levels of related proteins. Western blot was performed to measure the levels of NLRP3 inflammasome and tight
junction proteins.

Results:
The study indicated that AL-1 effectively alleviated lung injury by reduction of proinflammatory cytokine
levels, MPO activity, lung W/D ratio, and total protein levels. Furthermore, AL-1 improved pathological
changes in lung tissue and significantly reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Administration with
AL-1 markedly inhibited the expression of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, gasdermin D (GSDMD), and
VCAM-1 but increased the expression of ZO-1, Occludin, JAM-A, and Claudin-1.

Conclusion:
Taken together, these results demonstrated that AL-1 ameliorated pulmonary damage by inhibiting
the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and restoring TJ protein expression.
Application of Therapeutic Nanoplatforms as a Potential Candidate for the Treatment
of CNS Disorders: Challenges and Possibilities
Authors: Sa Pratikshya , Singh Priya , Dilnawaz Fahima , Sahoo Sanjeeb Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Drug delivery to central nervous system (CNS) diseases is one of the most challenging tasks. The
innate blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (BCSF) barrier create an obstacle to effective
systemic drug delivery to the CNS, by limiting the access of drugs to the brain. Nanotechnology-based drug
delivery platform offers a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of neurological disorders. Several
studies have shown that nanomaterials have great potential to be used for the treatment of CNS diseases. The
nanocarriers have simplified the targeted delivery of therapeutics into the brain by surpassing the BBB and actively
inhibiting the disease progression of CNS disorders. The review is an overview of the recent developments
in nanotechnology-based drug delivery approaches for major CNS diseases like Alzheimer's disease,
Parkinson's disease, ischemic stroke, and Glioblastoma. This review discusses the disease biology of major
CNS disorders describing various nanotechnology-based approaches to overcome the challenges associated
with CNS drug delivery, focussing on nanocarriers in preclinical and clinical studies for the same. The review
also sheds light on the challenges during clinical translation of nanomedicine from bench to bedside. Conventional
therapeutic agents used for the treatment of CNS disorders are inadequate due to their inability to cross
BBB or BCSF, higher efflux from BBB, related toxicity, and poor pharmacokinetics. The amalgamation of
nanotechnology with conventional therapeutic agents can greatly ameliorate the pharmacokinetic problems and
at the same time assist in efficient delivery to the CNS.