bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carrots, sticks, sermons or nudges? Survey evidence of the Swedish general public's attitude towards different public policy tools
Authors: Andersson Patric , Almqvist Gustav 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article reports on a survey study comparing the general public's attitude towards nudging to its attitude towards the traditional tools of government: information, subsidies, taxes and mandates. The study was based on responses from a representative sample of the adult Swedish population. In separate evaluations, the respondents rated how positively or negatively they perceived a set of specific policy tools, traditional and behavioral, across different policy goals. Overall, information and subsidies were more positively perceived than the other types of policy tools, nudging included. Respondents’ attitudes towards the policy tools were partly explained by individualistic ideological views, whether they agreed with the intended policy goals, and certain socio-demographic variables. Implications for future research and public policy are discussed.
Relationship Between Nursing Students’ Awareness of Disaster, Preparedness for Disaster, Willingness to Participate in Disaster Response, and Disaster Nursing Competency
Authors: Kang Ji-Suk , Lee Hyejin , Seo Ji Min 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective:
This study was conducted to provide basic data for preparing a disaster nursing education program. It examined the degree of nursing students’ disaster awareness, disaster preparedness, willingness to participate in disaster response, and disaster nursing competency, aiming to determine the relationship between these attributes.

Methods:
This was a descriptive research study. The participants were 163 nursing students. The data collected from the participants were analyzed via descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation coefficients.

Results:
Disaster awareness showed a positive correlation with a willingness to participate in a disaster response. Further, disaster preparedness and willingness to participate in a disaster response showed a positive correlation with disaster nursing capacity. Disaster awareness did not show a significant correlation with disaster preparedness and disaster nursing competency. Last, disaster preparedness did not show a significant correlation with willingness to participate in a disaster response.

Conclusions:
It is necessary to improve nursing students’ disaster awareness, disaster preparation, disaster response participation willingness, and disaster nursing competency. It is imperative to develop disaster nursing education programs to strengthen students’ capabilities in a comprehensive manner.
An interactive bi-objective optimisation process to guide the design of electric vehicle warning sounds
Authors: Souaille Tom , Petiot Jean-François , Misdariis Nicolas , Lagrange Mathieu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) are very quiet at low speed, which can be hazardous for pedestrians, especially visually impaired people. It is now mandatory (since mid-2019 in Europe) to add external warning sounds, but poor sound design can lead to noise pollution, and consequently annoyance. Moreover, it is possible that EVs are not sufficiently detectable in urban areas because of the masking effect from the background noise. In this paper, we propose a method for the design of warning sounds that takes into account both detectability and unpleasantness. The method implements a multiobjective interactive genetic algorithm (IGA) for the optimisation of the characteristics of synthesised sounds. An experiment is proposed to a first panel of participants in order to define a set of Pareto efficient sounds. At the individual level, sounds obtained with the IGA are compared to different sound design proposals. Results show that the quality of the sounds designed by the IGA method is comparable to those provided by a sound designer. From the sounds of the Pareto set, a design recommendation method based on the probability distributions of the sounds’ characteristics is proposed. An external validation with a second panel of participants shows that these recommended sounds constitute relevant trade-offs when compared to other design proposals.
Computation of lattice isomorphisms and the integral matrix similarity problem
Authors: Bley Werner , Hofmann Tommy , Johnston Henri 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLetKbe a number field, letAbe a finite-dimensionalK-algebra, let$\operatorname {\mathrm {J}}(A)$denote the Jacobson radical ofAand let$\Lambda $be an$\mathcal {O}_{K}$-order inA. Suppose that each simple component of the semisimpleK-algebra$A/{\operatorname {\mathrm {J}}(A)}$is isomorphic to a matrix ring over a field. Under this hypothesis onA, we give an algorithm that, given two$\Lambda $-latticesXandY, determines whetherXandYare isomorphic and, if so, computes an explicit isomorphism$X \rightarrow Y$. This algorithm reduces the problem to standard problems in computational algebra and algorithmic algebraic number theory in polynomial time. As an application, we give an algorithm for the following long-standing problem: Given a number fieldK, a positive integernand two matrices$A,B \in \mathrm {Mat}_{n}(\mathcal {O}_{K})$, determine whetherAandBare similar over$\mathcal {O}_{K}$, and if so, return a matrix$C \in \mathrm {GL}_{n}(\mathcal {O}_{K})$such that$B= CAC^{-1}$. We give explicit examples that show that the implementation of the latter algorithm for$\mathcal {O}_{K}=\mathbb {Z}$vastly outperforms implementations of all previous algorithms, as predicted by our complexity analysis.
Duyun compound green tea extracts regulate bile acid metabolism on mice induced by high-fat diet
Authors: Zhou Xiaolu , Li Yaling , Mu Ren , Wang Chuanming , Song Yuyan , Zhou Caibi , Mei Xin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDuyun compound green tea (DCGT) is a healthy beverage with lipid-lowering effect commonly consumed by local people, but its mechanism is not very clear. We evaluated the effect of DCGT treatment on bile acids (BA) metabolism of mice with high-fat diet (HFD) – induced hyperlipidaemia by biochemical indexes and metabolomics and preliminarily determined the potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways of hyperlipidaemia mice treated with DCGT as well as investigated its lipid-lowering mechanism. The results showed that DCGT treatment could reduce HFD – induced gain in weight and improve dyslipidaemia. In addition, a total of ten types of BA were detected, of which seven changed BA metabolites were observed in HFD group mice. After DCGT treatment, glycocholic acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid were significantly down-regulated, while hyodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid were markedly up-regulated. These results demonstrated that DCGT treatment was able to make the BA metabolites in the liver of hyperlipidaemia mice normal and alleviate hyperlipidaemia by regulating the metabolites such as glycocholic acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic, as well as the BA metabolic pathway and cholesterol metabolic pathway involved.
In vitromeasurement of ciliary beat frequency in 92 children with recurrent respiratory tract problems
Authors: Drake-Lee A , Green A , McDermott A-L 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundChronic or recurrent mucoid respiratory tract symptoms may be difficult to diagnose.MethodNinety-two children with chronic respiratory symptoms were divided into 4 groups: 18 children with refractory asthma, 10 with bronchiectasis without dextrocardia, 18 with dextrocardia and 46 with recurrent respiratory tract infections. Except for five neonates, cytology samples were taken under general anaesthesia. Ciliary beat frequency was measured photometrically and analysed by in-house computer software.ResultsNasal polyps were found in one child with normal ciliary beat frequency. Twenty-six children had no beating cilia (male to female ratio, 15:11). The effect of increasing temperature on the ciliary beat frequency of the remaining 66 patients was evaluated (42 patients, more than 30°C, median, 8.3 Hz; 24 patients, 30–37°C, median, 11.8 Hz;p =0.0003).ConclusionThe measurement of ciliary beat frequency is part of the diagnostic work up of patients with persistent or recurrent respiratory tract infections.
Guilty knowledge: A postcolonial inquiry into knowledge, suspicion, and responsibility in the fight against terrorism financing
Authors: Anwar Tasniem , İşleyen Beste 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article studies practices of knowledge production during counterterrorism financing court cases in European courts. Developments in international law have contributed to novel regulations to criminalise and prosecute the funding of terrorism in advance of terrorist violence. In this study, we study how court cases have become important spaces for contesting and evaluating multiple knowledge claims on terrorist threat and suspicion by analysing case proceedings from both the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Building on recent debates in International Relations and postcolonial theory, we make two contributions. First, building on insights from postcolonial literature on ‘abyssal thinking’, we illustrate how legal practices differentiate between different ways of knowing by dismissing certain experiences as ‘emotional’ or ‘subjective’ in contrast to the assumed objectivity of other knowledge claims. We argue that decisions on what counts as knowledge in a court setting are situated in a specific sociopolitical setting, whereby particular knowledge and life-worlds are recognised at the expense of others. Second, we empirically show how the novel criminal laws shifts the responsibility to know terrorist threat from the state to ordinary citizens. We illustrate how the court reinforces new security logics where the state can entertain doubt, uncertainty, and trust in their practices, while the citizens cannot.
NGOs as Agents of Global Justice: Cosmopolitan Activism for Political Realists
Authors: Macdonald Terry , Macdonald Kate 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSeveral decades of scholarship on international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have established their important role in leading cosmopolitan political projects framed around moral ideals of global justice. But contemporary legitimacy crises in international liberalism call for a reexamination of NGOs’ global justice activism, considering how they should navigate the real-world moral contestations and shifting power dynamics that can impede their pursuit of justice. Recent work by deliberative-democratic theorists has argued that NGOs can help resolve disputes about global justice norms by facilitating legitimate communicative exchanges among the diverse political voices of subjected global communities on the correct interpretation and implementation of global justice norms. In response, this essay argues for an expanded account of the political roles of NGOs in global justice activism, which reflects greater sensitivity to the multifaceted political dynamics through which power in real-world global politics is constituted and contested. It is shown that in some NGOs’ real-world operational contexts, structural power imbalances and social division or volatility can undercut the operation of the ideal deliberative processes prescribed by democratic theory—calling for further attention to work focused on mitigating power imbalances, building solidarity, and organizing power in parallel or as a precursor to deliberative-democratic processes.
The Global Liberal Arts Challenge
Authors: Becker Jonathan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe democratic backsliding that has accelerated across the globe over the past decade has included a rollback of liberal arts and sciences (LAS) as a system of university education. This essay explores the origins and goals of the global LAS education reform movement. I argue that while the movement is under threat largely due to its principled value of educating democratic citizens, it still has powerful potential and global impact; in part because LAS education is primarily an indigenous phenomenon adapting to local circumstances. I also argue that U.S. universities could contribute more constructively to the movement if they conceived of their role as global civic actors that conduct themselves in the spirit of mutuality and reciprocity, not as multinational corporations that channel neoliberal tendencies to maximize revenue. U.S. critics of the global LAS movement should also pay heed to the United States’ own history. Specifically, they can learn from historically Black colleges and universities how, operating under the extreme authoritarianism of the Jim Crow era, they managed to produce leaders who shaped a more democratic country. Liberal arts education produces short term benefits for students and alumni, but in the democratic context it is a long-term wager.
Wilderness Medicine Curricula in United States EMS Fellowship, Emergency Medicine Residency, and Wilderness Medicine Programs
Authors: Holstrom-Mercader Maria , Kass Daniel , Corsetti Monica , Flamm Avram 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjective:Wilderness Medicine (WM) focuses on care delivered in austere or resource-scarce environments. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requirements and core content for Emergency Medicine (EM) residency and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) fellowship in the United States (US) include some WM topics that are covered to varying degrees in these programs. Furthermore, there are no ACGME-approved WM fellowships or specific curricula. Different training programs may develop WM content and curricula that differ significantly, leading to variations in WM competencies and training. In 2009, the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) Wilderness Medicine Section created a Fellowship Subcommittee and Taskforce to develop a standardized curriculum and core content for EM-based WM fellowships. However, to date, EMS fellowship and EM residency WM curricula in the US content have not been analyzed for consistency with the ACEP WM fellowship curriculum.Methods:In this study, the WM curricula components of EM residency and EMS fellowship were evaluated using the ACEP WM fellowship curriculum as a control. Potential curriculum gaps for each program type were identified.Results:Of the 19 WM competencies developed by the ACEP Wilderness Medicine Section Fellowship Subcommittee and Taskforce, EMS fellowship covers more WM topics (16 topics, or 84%) than EM residency (12 topics, or 63%), and combined, they cover 89% of these topics.Conclusions:By expanding to cover two additional WM topics, all WM curricula topics recommended by the ACEP WM fellowship curriculum could potentially be covered in EM residency + EMS fellowship; however, the depth of education in each topic may vary. It may be beneficial for Graduate Medical Education (GME)-level learners for programs to implement hands-on educational experiences in WM topics.
Demographic and behavioural correlates of energy drink consumption
Authors: Markon André O , Ding Ming , Chavarro Jorge E , Wolpert Beverly J 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjective:Energy drinks are consumed for a variety of reasons, including to boost mental alertness and energy. We assessed associations between demographic factors and various high-risky behaviours with energy drink consumption as they may be linked to adverse health events.Design:We conducted cross-sectional analysis including basic descriptive and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses to characterise demographic and behavioural factors (including diet quality, binge drinking and illicit drug use, among others obtained via questionnaires) in relation to energy drink consumption.Setting:We used data from two large US-based cohorts.Participants:46 390 participants from Nurses’ Health Study 3 (NHS3, n 37 302; ages 16–31) and Growing Up Today Study (GUTS, n 9088, ages 20–55).Results:Of the 46 390 participants, 13·2 % reported consuming ≥ 1 energy drink every month. Several risky behaviours were associated with energy drink use, including illegal drug use (pooled OR, pOR: 1·45, 95 % CI: 1·16, 1·81), marijuana use (pOR: 1·49, 95 % CI: 1·28, 1·73), smoking (pOR: 1·88. 95 % CI: 1·55, 2·29), tanning bed use (pOR: 2·31, 95 % CI: 1·96, 2·72) and binge drinking (pOR: 2·53, 95 % CI: 2·09, 3·07). Other factors, such as high BMI, e-cigarette use and poor diet quality were found to be significantly associated with higher energy drink consumption (P values < 0·001).Conclusions:Our findings show that energy drink consumption and high-risk behaviours may be related, which could potentially serve as not only as a talking point for providers to address in outreach and communications with patients, but also a warning sign for medical and other health practitioners.
Strengthening maternal nutrition counselling during routine health services: a gap analysis to guide country programmes
Authors: Kavle Justine A 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjective:The WHO recommends counselling on healthy eating, weight gain, and physical activity during antenatal care (ANC) and postnatal care (PNC), yet advice and information are often not tailored to women’s nutritional needs and contexts. The purpose of the gap analysis was to identify key elements related to the provision of maternal nutrition counselling during routine health contacts and provide programme considerations to strengthen quality service delivery.Design:A search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL Plus and Scopus databases was conducted to retrieve studies from January 2010 to December 2021. Using inclusion criteria, quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies were included in the final gap analysis.Setting:Low-, middle- and high-income country contexts.Participants:Following application of gap analysis criteria, thirty-seven articles from sixteen countries were included in the analysis.Results:Gaps in delivery of maternal nutrition counselling include provider capacity building, frequency, content and delivery platforms. Globally, counselling on appropriate weight gain during pregnancy is often not delivered with the desired content nor quality, while targeted counselling to overweight and obese women was provided in several high-income country contexts. Delivery of maternal nutrition counselling through multiple delivery platforms demonstrated improvements in maternal diet and/or weight gain during pregnancy.Conclusions:Strengthening the integration of maternal nutrition counselling into pre- and in-service curricula, routine health provider training, supportive supervision and provider mentoring is needed. Future efforts may consider generating global and regional weight gain guidelines and incorporating maternal nutrition counselling indicators as part of quality-of-care ANC/PNC standards and routine health systems.
Associations between measures of socio-economic position and sustainable dietary patterns in the NutriNet-Santé study
Authors: Baudry Julia , Allès Benjamin , Langevin Brigitte , Reuzé Anouk , Brunin Joséphine , Touvier Mathilde , Hercberg Serge , Lairon Denis , Péneau Sandrine , Pointereau Philippe , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjective:We aimed to explore the relationship between socio-economic characteristics and sustainable dietary patterns.Design:Dietary data were derived from a web-based FFQ. Diet sustainability was evaluated using a modified Sustainable Diet Index, comprising nutritional, environmental and cultural components (higher scores expressing higher sustainability). The socio-economic position markers were education, household income and occupation status. Multi-adjusted linear and Poisson regression models were used to assess the cross-sectional association of the markers of socio-economic status with a sustainable diet and sustainability subcomponents, respectively.Setting:France.Participants:29 119 NutriNet-Santé participants.Results:Individuals with a more sustainable diet had slightly higher diet monetary cost, lower total energy intake and consumed less animal-based foods than their counterparts. Lower education level was associated with lower overall diet sustainability (βprimary v. postgraduate = -0·62, 95 % CI (-0·72, −0·51)) and nutrition, socio-cultural and environmental subscores. Manual workers and employees had a lower modified Sustainable Diet Index than intermediate professionals (βmanual workers v. intermediate professionals = -0·43, 95 % CI (−0·52, −0·33) and βemployees v. intermediate professionals = -0·56, 95 % CI (−0·64, −0·48)). Participants with the lowest v. highest incomes had a higher environmental subscore but a lower socio-cultural subscore, whereas the results were less marked for occupational status.Conclusions:Overall, our results documented associations between socio-economic status and the level of diet sustainability, arguing for the implementation of appropriate food policies to promote sustainable diets at lower cost.
The protection of persons with disabilities in armed conflict: An empty shelf in an IHL-specialized library?
Authors: Crenn Sonia , Mohr Charlotte 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA window into the history of international humanitarian law scholarship, the ICRC Library's collections capture over 150 years of debates and developments related to the branch of international law that protects those who do not, or no longer, take part in hostilities. Yet, among the 41,000 references in the Library's collections, only a handful of recent publications focus on how this protection applies to persons with disabilities. In this article, two ICRC reference librarians take stock of this gap in their collections and consider its implications.
Functional Genes Profile of Atmospheric Dust in the East Mediterranean Suggests Widespread Anthropogenic Influence on Aerobiome Composition
Authors: Gat Daniella , Zimmermann Ralf , Rudich Yinon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe microbiome of atmospheric dust events has raised increasing interest in the last decade, resulting in numerous studies that characterized the different parameters affecting the composition of the atmospheric microbiome, that is, the aerobiome. However, less is known about the functional profile of the aerobiome and how it compares with other environments. Here, we describe the results of shotgun metagenome analysis conducted on a representative set of particulate matter (PM) samples taken in Israel under dusty and nondusty conditions. We compared the functional profiles of these samples to local metagenomes collected from soils, sea, and leaf surfaces and to PM collected in Saudi Arabia, in order to link between the sampled aerosols and potential sources that contribute to the aerobiome. We found that PM samples collected in Israel most resembled Saudi Arabian dust and Israeli soils in both community composition and functional genes profile. In addition, we found significant differences in the abundances of genes associated with anthropogenic activity. Specifically, the examined dust exhibited a significantly higher abundance of genes associated with the biodegradation of organic contaminants, mostly benzoate and aminobenzoate, compared with all other examined environments. These preliminary results suggest that an anthropogenic impact on the aerobiome composition and functional profile is widespread, and pave the path to understanding the role of dust storms in disseminating microorganisms in various environments, spreading various traits, and affecting humans, livestock, plants, and ecosystem health.