bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotypic Variation for Flavor and Composition in Fresh Market Tomatoes1
Authors: Allen Stevens M. , Kader Adel A. , Albright-Holton Marjorie , Algazi Margaret 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Sugars, acids and their interactions were important to sourness, sweetness, and overall flavor intensity in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Fructose and citric acid were more important to sweetness and sourness than glucose and malic acid, respectively. The pH was a better objective measure of sourness than titratable acidity. An interaction between glucose and citric acid on sweetness was observed. Quantitative differences in 11 volatile compounds were found among the cultivars. Several of these volatiles were significantly related to variation in the flavor characteristics studied. Three compounds (peaks (20–21), 51, and 75) appeared to be more important to the “tomato-like” character.
Intercultivar Variation in Composition of Locular and Pericarp Portions of Fresh Market Tomatoes1
Authors: Allen Stevens M. , Kader Adel A. , Albright-Holton Marjorie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Locular content ranged between 14.4 and 35.0% among 7 cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.): ‘Calmart’, ‘Cal Ace’, ‘Ace 55’, ‘Early Pak 7’, ‘Earliana’, ‘Rick High Sugar’, and ‘Cherry’. There was a strong negative correlation between fruit weight and percent locular tissue. Based on means of all cultivars, the pericarp portion contained about 20% more reducing sugars and 36% more glucose than the locular portion. No significant differences in soluble solids content or fructose concentration were noted. The locular portion had 48 and 57% higher titratable acidity and citric acid, respectively, than the pericarp, but no differences in malic acid concentration or pH were observed. Cultivars with large locular portion and with high concentration of acids and sugars are those which have previously been found to be of good flavor quality.
Sources of Resistance to Pierce’s Disease in Vitis1
Authors: Mortensen J. A. , Stover L. H. , Balerdi C. F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Under conditions favoring Pierce’s disease (PD) infection in the vineyards at Leesburg, Florida, 222 Euvitis scion clones, 60 Muscadinia clones, and 49 Euvitis rootstock clones were grown and observed for PD symptoms for 8 or more years. There were 21 PD-resistant scion clones, 20 of which derived their resistance from 1 or more of 4 species: Vitis smalliana Bailey, V. simpsoni Munson, V. shuttleworthi House, and V. aestivalis Michx. There were 22 PD-resistant Muscadinia clones, predominantly of V. rotundifolia Michx. background. There were 15 Euvitis rootstock clones with resistance derived from one of six native species: V. candicans Engelm., V. champini Planch., V. cordifolia Michx., V. shuttleworthi, V. simpsoni, and V. smalliana.
An Assessment of the Susceptibility of Various Walnut Cultivars to Deep Bark Canker1
Authors: Kado C. I. , Dutra J. C. , Moller W. J. , Ramos D. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Quantitative assessments of the degree of susceptibility to experimental infection by Erwinia rubrifaciens Wilson et al. were made on 54 cultivars of Juglans regia L., J. hindsii Jepson, and J. nigra L. on J. hindsii and Paradox rootstocks. Forty-five of the 54 cultivars were susceptible and developed symptoms characteristic of deep bark canker. On Paradox rootstock, ‘Pioneer,’ ‘Early Erhardt,’ ‘Willson-Franquette,’ ‘Sinensisy5,’ ‘Conway-Mayette,’ ‘Scharsch-Franquette,’ ‘Meylan,’ and ‘Sinensis-7’ showed canker extension rates greater than ‘Hartley’; whereas, on J. hindsii rootstock only ‘Sinensis-5’ and ‘Sinensis-7’ showed canker extension rates greater than ‘Hartley.’ All cultivars were ranked into 4 susceptibility groups according to their rates of canker extension: group I (0 mm/day), group II (0.01 to 0.10 mm/day), group III (0.101 to 0.200 mm/day) and group IV (0.201 to 1.0 or greater mm/day). Of 54 cultivars only 8 ranked in group I (non-susceptible); 28 ranked in group II (dry-canker types); 11 ranked in group III (moderately susceptible); and 7 ranked in group IV (highly susceptible). ‘Hartley,’ the only cultivar commonly associated with the disease in commercial plantings ranked in group IV. Cultivars of either J. hindsii or J. nigra were ranked in group I. Erwinia rubrifaciens was recovered from 45 of 54 cultivars, 14 months after experimental inoculation and 23 of 54 cultivars after 26 months. The pathogenic bacterium was recovered from cultivars of group I (that displayed no visible symptoms). It is hypothesized that natural populations of J. hindsii and J. nigra may harbor E. rubrifaciens and may have been the original inoculum source.
Effect of Ethephon, Diphenylamine, and Daminozide on the Incidence of Scald Development on ‘Cortland’ Apples1
Authors: Windus Norman D. , Shutak V. G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Preharvest sprays of (2-chlorethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) and succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide) and postharvest dips of diphenylamine (DPA) were evaluated for their effects on scald development of ‘Cortland’ apples (Malus domestica Bork.) The total number of scalded fruit and the severity of scald were increased in all years by ethephon treatments. Daminozide treatments reduced scald incidence and severity either alone or in combination with ethephon. DPA dips (2000 ppm) resulted in best scald control. It is postulated that advanced ripeness of the fruit due to ethephon contributed to increased scald incidence.
Leaf Anatomy of Petunia in Relation to Pollution Damage1
Authors: Uhring Joseph 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Anatomical observations were made on 2 petunia cultivars of Petunia hybrida Vilm., one ozone and sulfur dioxide susceptible and the other moderately tolerant with leaf cross and paradermal sections made from collections taken 4 hours to 30 days following fumigation. Disintegration of the circular chloroplast bodies into one homogenous mass was the first visible symptom of internal cell damage. Initially, O3 affected chloroplasts in palisade cells while SO2 affected chloroplasts in spongy cells. Plasmolysis, aggregation of cytoplasmic contents, and disintegration of nuclei occurred. Damage from SO2 proceeded more rapidly and was more extensive than that from O3; all cell components were destroyed over larger areas. Foliar sprays of succinic acid-2,2-dimethyl-hydrazide (daminozide) or benomyl soil drenches were applied 1 week before fumigation. Microscopic observations indicated that mesophyll tissue in both daminozide and benomyl treatments resembled to some degree the compact tissue typical of young, insensitive leaves.
Morphology and Surface Topography of Pollen and Anthers of Pyrus Species1
Authors: Westwood M. N. , Challice J. S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A survey of 18 pear species using the scanning electron microscope showed considerable variability in the size, shape and surface topography of both anthers and pollen grains. The size, shape and surface topography of anthers or anther cells did not vary directly with the size, shape and topography of pollen from the same species. The degree of similarity of individual features among species did not seem to coincide with their geographic distribution. However, the combination of pollen and anther features was unique for each species, indicating their value for taxonomic identification.
Interspecific Hybridization between Mung Bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) and Adzuki Bean (V. angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi)1
Authors: Ahn Chang Soon , Hartmann Richard W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Interspecific hybridization between Vigna radiata and V. angularis is reported for the first time. Two hybrids developed from embryos which were excised from immature seeds of V. radiata and cultured on artificial medium. The plants flowered early and continuously until death. No seeds were produced. Mean pairing at metaphase I was 2.39II + 17.22I (2n = 22).
Composition and Flavor Quality of Fresh Market Tomatoes as Influenced by Some Postharvest Handling Procedures1
Authors: Kader Adel A. , Morris Leonard L. , Stevens M. Allen , Albright-Holton Marjorie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Sensory evaluations and chemical analyses were used to investigate the effects of various postharvest handling procedures on composition and flavor quality of ‘Cal Ace’ tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) harvested at the mature-green and light-pink stages. Ethylene treatment to speed ripening of green tomatoes at 20°C resulted in a higher reduced ascorbic acid content at the table-ripe stage and did not influence flavor when compared with fruits ripened without added ethylene. Using a low-O2 atmosphere to retard ripening had less of an effect on flavor than stage of ripeness at harvest. No differences were found between fruits where ripening was delayed by using 4% O2-atmosphere at 20° or by using low temperature (12.5°). Exposing fruits to 5° for 7 days before ripening at 20° affected flavor; i.e., chilled fruits were more acid. Above the chilling range (0-12.5°); duration of holding after harvest was more important than storage temperature. Lower holding periods resulted in loss of characteristic “tomato-like” flavor and development of “off-flavors.” Mature-green fruits, ripened at 20° under restricted air flow, had increased “off-flavors” when compared to those ripened under accelerated air exchange. Light-pink fruits subjected to impact bruising before ripening had more “off-flavor” and less “tomatolike” flavor than those without physical damage. Quantitative differences in a few volatile components were found with certain treatments, but no qualitative differences were detected and there was no significant difference in total volatile content among any of the treatments tested.
Influence of Irrigation and Environmental Factors on Grapefruit Acidity1
Authors: Levy Y. , Bar-Akiva A. , Vaadia Y. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Summer water stress in grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) trees caused high titratable acidity levels during the winter. The after effect of water stress lasted up to 6 months. Brief sudden rises in acidity during the winter were correlated with short durations of relatively high day temperatures. Such episodes did not affect the percentage total soluble solids.
Ethylene in Fruits of Blackberry and Rabbiteye Blueberry1
Authors: Lipe John A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Humble’ blackberry (Rubus arvenis Bailey) extractable ethylene content reached more than 7.0 mg/liter shortly after full bloom and dropped to well under 1.0 mg/liter for the remainder of fruit development. The low ethylene levels during the latter stages of fruit development suggests that blackberries are nonclimacteric. ‘Tifblue’ rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) extractable ethylene was more than 5.0 mg/liter approximately 2 weeks after bloom, declined to near 1.0 mg/liter during green fruit development and peaked at 3.7 mg/liter in reddish-green (ripening) berries. The increased level of ethylene in ripening fruits suggests that rabbiteye blueberries are climacteric.
Measurement and Variation of Sugar Concentration of Pickling Cucumber1
Authors: McCreight J. D. , Lower R. L. , Pharr D. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aqueous extracts of thawed, transverse slices of cucumber fruit (Cucumis sativus L.) gave reliable measurements of reducing sugar and total carbohydrate concentrations. Fruit fresh weight increased throughout a 20-day sampling period, averaging 0.6, 13.4, and 389 g at anthesis, 5, and 20 days after anthesis, respectively. Reducing sugar and total carbohydrate concentrations were highly correlated (r=.97), but were not correlated with fruit fresh weight (r=.40) or commercial fruit size (r=.52). Reducing sugar concentration at anthesis averaged 6.3 mg/g fresh weight and increased to a plateau averaging 22.7 mg/g from 5 to 20 days after anthesis. Reducing sugar concentration of 585 plant introductions and cultivars ranged from 7.1 to 52.8 mg/g and averaged 31.1 and 22.6 mg/g at 2 harvest dates.
Nondestructive Sonic Resonance and the Texture of Apples1
Authors: Finney E. E. , Abbott J. A. , Watada A. E. , Massie D. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The sonic vibration characteristics of 5 major apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars were evaluated. The resonant frequency (f) and the mass (m) of individual intact apples were measured over 4 weekly harvests and again after 2½ and 5 months in storage. A nondestructive index of firmness, f2m, for each apple was calculated and compared with other measures of fruit texture. The f2m index was directly correlated with Magness-Taylor pressure test measurements of firmness and with sensory ratings of crispness, juiciness, and firmness, especially crispness. It was inversely related to mealiness. Correlations were affected by differences among cultivars; results were best and most consistent for ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Rome Beauty’.
Effect of Growth Regulators on Ascorbic Acid Content, Drained Weight and Color of Fresh and Processed ‘Rainer’ Cherries1
Authors: Drake S. R. , Proebsting E. L. , Carter G. H. , Nelson J. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA) applied at 20 ppm 4−6 weeks before harvest increased the ascorbic acid content of fresh and processed ‘Rainier’ cherries (Prunus avium L.) while also increasing fruit size and yellow color. Anthocyanin content was also reduced. GA treated fruit rated higher according to USDA processed fruit grades. Ascorbic acid content did not change with maturity. There was no interaction between GA and maturity on ascorbic acid content (2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon), applied at 500 ppm 1 to 3 weeks before harvest, reduced fruit size compared with untreated fruit. Fruit treated with succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide) at 2000 ppm 2 weeks after full bloom reduced the weight per fruit after processing but not before processing. This was reflected in a greater loss in drained weight. Daminozide increased anthocyanin content and reduced yellow and green color of fresh fruit.
Analysis of Demand for Potted Chrysanthemums in Supermarkets1
Authors: Robertson J. L. , Hahn D. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The demand structure for potted chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) was determined in a Columbus supermarket chain during an 8 week autumn period. Results indicated that the demand for 10 cm and 12½ cm potted chrysanthemums was elastic with respect to price when merchandised in a high consumer traffic retail outlet. Demand for potted chrysanthemums was found to be somewhat inelastic at Thanksgiving and more sensitive to price decreases than price increases. Fifteen cm potted chrysanthemums were found to be less sensitive to price and impulse purchasing.
Influence of Irrigation, Pruning Severity, and Nitrogen on Yield and Quality of ‘Concord’ Grapes in Arkansas1
Authors: Spayd S. E. , Morris J. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
When vines of ‘Concord’ (Vitis labrusca, L.) trained to the Geneva Double Curtain were irrigated or pruned to 60+10 nodes/vine, yield was increased with some sacrifice in juice quality, as indicated by lower % soluble solids and poorer juice color. High quality juice was obtained from fruit from 60+10 irrigated vines, the highest yielding treatment, when harvest was delayed 10 to 14 days. Level of nitrogen fertilization did not affect yield, % soluble solids, or juice color. Irrigation was the only experimental variable affecting vine size. High yields from irrigated and 60+10 vines found in this study indicated that the fruiting potential of the ‘Concord’ grapevine in Arkansas has not been fully exploited.
The Prevention of Chilling Injury, Weight Loss Reduction, and Ripening Retardation in Banana1
Authors: Jones R. L. , Freebairn Hugh T. , McDonnell J. F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Sixty-two agents were tested for their ability to prevent chilling injury of bananas (Musa sapientum L.). Postharvest treatment of dimethylpolysiloxane, safflower oil, and mineral oil were effective in preventing underpeel discoloration of banana from up to a 48 hr treatment at 9°C (48°F). Increased shelf life and decreased water loss occurred after treatment.
Effects of Apple Rootstock, Tree Spacing, and Cultivar on Fruit and Tree Size, Yield, and Foliar Mineral Composition1
Authors: Schneider G. W. , Chaplin C. E. , Martin D. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The influence of 3 spacings, 4 rootstocks, and 2 cultivars of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) on yield, fruit and tree size and mineral composition of leaves during the 3rd through the 6th year of growth in the orchard were investigated. Scion cultivar had the greatest effect on mineral composition; all elements except manganese were significantly different in the 2 spur-type cultivars (‘Goldenspur’ and ‘Redspur’). Trees on Mailing Merton (MM) 106 rootstock produced larger yields than those on other rootstocks, and the foliage was usually among the highest in respect to each nutrient measured. Closely spaced trees had smaller fruit and the least amount of foliar P and K but Ca, Mg, and Mn were high in the same trees.
Economic Feasibility of Over-tree Misting for Bloom Delay in Apples and Peaches1
Authors: Robertson Jerry L. , Stang Elden J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A computer simulation was developed to analyze the economic feasibility of over-tree misting based on the interrelationships of daily temperature, bud development and corresponding effects of low temperature on apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) flower bud kill in Ohio. Utilizing historical temperature data from 1940 through 1972, a revised model for estimating rest and bud development was constructed and the probability and extent of bud kill was simulated. Model validity was tested utilizing 1973-1976 temperature data. Using the 1940 to 1976 period, it was evident that the risk of substantial losses in revenue was reduced when over-tree misting was employed in all Ohio locations. Potential economic returns of the over-tree misting technology were greater for peaches than apples. Need for this risk reduction varies geographically in Ohio for apples and to a lesser extent for peaches.
Seed Index, an Estimate of Snap Bean Quality1
Authors: Silbernagel M. J. , Drake S. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A “seed index” based on the product of seed weight by length was positively correlated with the fiber development of large- and medium-sieved snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) whether fresh or canned. Fresh seed index values which are easier to measure than fiber, can be used to estimate canned product quality rapidly and inexpensively. It is suggested that cultivars be compared for yield, days and/or heat units to harvest maturity, sieve size distribution and quality when at least 95% of the harvested pods are within fancy Grade as determined by the seed index.
Split-pit in Peaches and Nutrient Levels1
Authors: Woodbridge C. G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Analysis of normal and split-pit fruit of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) both glasshouse and field grown, failed to show any consistent relationship between nutrient levels and the presence or severity of the disorder over a 3-year period. Differences in Ca and B concentrations in gravel culture did not affect pit splitting. In the glasshouse experiment B was always higher in split-pit fruit but for field grown fruit this relationship did not hold. P, K, Ca, Mg and B were uniformly distributed throughout the fruit flesh.
Elemental Composition of Fresh Strawberry Fruit1
Authors: Albregts E. E. , Howard C. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fruit and calyx of four strawberry clones (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) were analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, B, and Cu content for 2 seasons. The elemental concn varied because of the year, the clone, and the time of season. The concn of the elements in the fruit decreased in the following order: K, N, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, B, Mn, Zn, and Cu. The elemental concn was greater in the calyx than in the fruit; probably as a result of the much higher dry weight content of the calyx. The total elemental content in kg/ha of the fruit and calyx for a season ranged as follows: K from 40 to 67, N from 33 to 49, P from 6 to 9, Ca from 5.4 to 7.5, Mg from 3.7 to 5.7, Fe from 0.11 to 0.15, Mn from 0.05 to 0.10, B from 0.04 to 0.09, Zn from 0.04 to 0.06, and Cu from 0.012 to 0.016.
Determination of Irrigation and Fertilizer Practices for Jade Plant [Crassula argentea (L.) Thunb.]1
Authors: Spooner J. , Daley L. , Ware G. , Vines M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Daily watering gave increased growth of jade plants over weekly watering if fertilizer was applied. The optimum fertilizer rate with either weekly or daily watering was calculated as 100 ml of 250 ppm N of a 20N:8.6 P:16.6K fertilizer per 10 cm pot.
Respiration and Ethylene Production in Mammee Apple (Mammea americana L.)1
Authors: Akamine Ernest K. , Goo Theodore 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Gas chromatography and bioassays were used to identify ethylene (C2H4) in fruit emanations of mammee apple (Mammea americana L.). C2H4 production probably triggered the respiratory rise in preclimacteric fruit and its relationship to respiration was typical of that for a climacteric fruit. C2H4 production was however, independent of respiration in immature and postclimacteric fruits. C2H4 production increased to a peak and then declined with deterioration of fruit in spite of nearly constant rates of respiration in immature fruit and declining rates in postclimacteric fruit. Peak production of C2H4, 408 μl per kg per hr, from preclimacteric fruit is probably the highest reported among fruits.
Variability in Noninfectious Bud-failure of ‘Nonpareil’ Almond. I. Location and Environment1
Authors: Kester Dale E. , Asay R. N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The incidence of noninfectious bud-failure (BF) in ‘Nonpareil’ almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch) trees propagated from a single source tree increased continuously with time at different rates in different orchards. Development was fastest and symptom expression was most severe in areas with the highest summer temperatures. BF-potential (susceptibility) could be modified by nursery conditions, although only to a minor degree compared with the effect of orchard location. Symptomless can be converted to BF by shifting from a low to a high-temperature regime. A reverse shift gave no reversion in BF-potential, but symptoms may not be expressed at a low-temperature location.
Bud Opening of Gypsophila paniculata L. cv. Perfecta with Physan-201
Authors: Farnham D. S. , Kofranek A. M. , Kubota J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A 200 ppm solution of Physan-20 [Active ingredients: n-alkyl (60% C14, 30% C16, 5% C12, 5% C18) dimethyl benzyl ammonium chlorides, 10%; n-alkyl (68% C12, 32% C14) dimethyl ethylbenzyl ammonium chlorides, 10%; inert ingredients, 80%.] was as effective in opening buds of ‘Perfecta’ gypsophila as was a 25 ppm silver nitrate solution when combined with sucrose. Sucrose (10%) was more effective in a short time period than 5% in combination with Physan-20. The minimum time in the solution for producing high quality blooms was 4 days. Physan-20, a quaternary ammonium compound, effectively opened gypsophila buds in tap water moderately high in salts, bicarbonates and nitrates. Physan-20 offers an effective alternate to silver nitrate for opening gypsophila without deionized water.