bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and evaluation of a novel natural-based phosphine antioxidant for the thermal stabilization of polyethylene
Authors: Takacs Kata , Tatraaljai Dora , Pregi Emese , Huszthy Peter , Pukanszky Bela 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA new phosphine-type potential secondary stabilizer was synthesized successfully with large natural raw material content. The stabilizer is a waxy white powder with a relatively low melting temperature. Both the thermal and the storage stability of the stabilizer are sufficient for practical use. The new stabilizer was introduced into a Phillips-type high-density polyethylene, and its stabilizing efficiency was determined by multiple extrusions. Commercial phosphite and phosphonite stabilizers were used as references. The additive packages contained a primary antioxidant and a phosphorus compound, both added at 1000 ppm. The chemical structure of the polymer, viscosity, color, and residual stability were determined after each extrusion. The comparison of the stabilizing efficiency of the three secondary antioxidants showed that the phosphine stabilizer is at least as efficient as the phosphorous secondary stabilizers available in the market. The new stabilizer proved to be the most efficient in melt stabilization and in preventing discoloration; the residual stability of the polymer was similar in the presence of all three secondary antioxidants. This feasibility study proved that the new compound could be used as a potential stabilizer in practice.
Comparing patient global impression of severity and patient global impression of change to evaluate test–retest reliability of depression, non-small cell lung cancer, and asthma measures
Authors: Eremenco Sonya , Chen Wen-Hung , Blum Steven I. , Bush Elizabeth Nicole , Bushnell Donald M. , DeBusk Kendra , Gater Adam , Nelsen Linda , Coons Stephen Joel ,   On behalf of the PRO Consortium’s Communication Subcommittee
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Score reproducibility is an important measurement property of fit-for-purpose patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures. It is commonly assessed via test–retest reliability, and best evaluated with a stable participant sample, which can be challenging to identify in diseases with highly variable symptoms. To provide empirical evidence comparing the retrospective (patient global impression of change [PGIC]) and current state (patient global impression of severity [PGIS]) approaches to identifying a stable subgroup for test–retest analyses, 3 PRO Consortium working groups collected data using both items as anchor measures.

Methods
The PGIS was completed on Day 1 and Day 8 + 3 for the depression and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) studies, and daily for the asthma study and compared between Day 3 and 10. The PGIC was completed on the final day in each study. Scores were compared using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for participants who reported “no change” between timepoints for each anchor.

Results
ICCs using the PGIS “no change” group were higher for depression (0.84 vs. 0.74), nighttime asthma (0.95 vs. 0.53) and daytime asthma (0.86 vs. 0.68) compared to the PGIC “no change” group. ICCs were similar for NSCLC (PGIS: 0.87; PGIC: 0.85).

Conclusion
When considering anchor measures to identify a stable subgroup for test–retest reliability analyses, current state anchors perform better than retrospective anchors. Researchers should carefully consider the type of anchor selected, the time period covered, and should ensure anchor content is consistent with the target measure concept, as well as inclusion of both current and retrospective anchor measures.
Brain PET motion correction using 3D face-shape model: the first clinical study
Authors: Iwao Yuma , Akamatsu Go , Tashima Hideaki , Takahashi Miwako , Yamaya Taiga 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective
Head motions during brain PET scan cause degradation of brain images, but head fixation or external-maker attachment become burdensome on patients. Therefore, we have developed a motion correction method that uses a 3D face-shape model generated by a range-sensing camera (Kinect) and by CT images. We have successfully corrected the PET images of a moving mannequin-head phantom containing radioactivity. Here, we conducted a volunteer study to verify the effectiveness of our method for clinical data.

Methods
Eight healthy men volunteers aged 22–45 years underwent a 10-min head-fixed PET scan as a standard of truth in this study, which was started 45 min after 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (285 ± 23 MBq) injection, and followed by a 15-min head-moving PET scan with the developed Kinect based motion-tracking system. First, selecting a motion-less period of the head-moving PET scan provided a reference PET image. Second, CT images separately obtained on the same day were registered to the reference PET image, and create a 3D face-shape model, then, to which Kinect-based 3D face-shape model matched. This matching parameter was used for spatial calibration between the Kinect and the PET system. This calibration parameter and the motion-tracking of the 3D face shape by Kinect comprised our motion correction method. The head-moving PET with motion correction was compared with the head-fixed PET images visually and by standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs) in the seven volume-of-interest regions. To confirm the spatial calibration accuracy, a test–retest experiment was performed by repeating the head-moving PET with motion correction twice where the volunteer’s pose and the sensor’s position were different.

Results
No difference was identified visually and statistically in SUVRs between the head-moving PET images with motion correction and the head-fixed PET images. One of the small nuclei, the inferior colliculus, was identified in the head-fixed PET images and in the head-moving PET images with motion correction, but not in those without motion correction. In the test–retest experiment, the SUVRs were well correlated (determinant coefficient, r2 = 0.995).

Conclusion
Our motion correction method provided good accuracy for the volunteer data which suggested it is useable in clinical settings.
Molecular profiling in lung cancer
Authors: Nagl Laurenz , Pall Georg , Wolf Dominik , Pircher Andreas , Horvath Lena 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThe biology of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is driven by a complex mutational landscape, and the detection of driver molecular alterations by next-generation sequencing is key for identification of druggable alterations. Thus, broad molecular profiling displays a standard-of-care approach particularly in patients with advanced adenocarcinoma at the time of the initial diagnosis, but also at the time of acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, guiding further treatment choices. Sequencing of plasma-circulating tumor DNA is of increasing importance in NSCLC diagnostics due to the easy accessibility, representing an optimal tool for longitudinal monitoring of the disease course.
Nun sag, wie hast du’s mit bewaffneten Drohnen? Die Haltung zu bewaffneten Drohnen in Deutschland und ihre Erklärungsfaktoren
Authors: Steinbrecher Markus , Westphal Fabrice 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht die Haltung zu bewaffneten Drohnen in Deutschland und ihre Erklärungsfaktoren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es mit 41 % Unterstützung eine relative Mehrheit für die Ausrüstung der Bundeswehr mit bewaffneten Drohnen gibt. Wesentliche Erklärungsfaktoren sind verschiedene Bedrohungswahrnehmungen (Russland, Krieg in Europa, Terrorismus, Wettrüsten), die Haltung zur Anwendung militärischer Gewalt sowie besonders die Einstellung zur Bundeswehr.
High-temperature wear mechanisms of TiNbWN films: Role of nanocrystalline oxides formation
Authors: Chen Leilei , Zhang Zhenyu , Lou Ming , Xu Kai , Wang Lu , Meng Fanning , Music Denis , Chang Keke 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRefractory high/medium entropy nitrides (HENs/MENs) exhibit comprehensive application prospects as protective films on mechanical parts, particularly those subjected to sliding contacts at elevated temperatures. In this study, a new MEN system TiNbWN, forming a single fcc solution, is designed and its wear performance at temperatures ranging from 25 to 750 °C is explored. The wear mechanisms can be rationalized by examining the subsurface microstructural evolutions using the transmission electron microscopy as well as calculating the phase diagrams and interfacial adhesion behavior employing calculation of phase diagram (CALPHAD) and density functional theory (DFT). To be specific, increased wear losses occur in a temperature range of 25–600 °C, being predominantly caused by the thermally-induced hardness degradation; whereas at the ultimate temperature (750 °C), the wear loss is refrained due to the formation of nanocrystalline oxides (WnO3n−2, TiO2, and γTiOx), as synergistically revealed by microscopy and CALPHAD, which not only enhance the mechanical properties of the pristine nitride film, but also act as solid lubricants, reducing the interfacial adhesion. Thus, our work delineates the role of the in situ formed nanocrystalline oxides in the wear mechanism transition of TiNbWN thin films, which could shed light on the high-temperature wear behavior of refractory HEN/MEN films.
Legal Positivism and the Moral Origins of Legal Systems
Authors: Atiq Emad H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLegal positivists maintain that the legality of a rule is fundamentally determined by social facts. Yet for much of legal history, ordinary officials used legal terminology in ways that seem inconsistent with positivism. Judges regularly cited, analyzed, and predicated their decisions on the ‘laws of justice,’ which they claimed had universal legal import. This practice, though well-documented by historians, has received surprisingly little philosophical attention; I argue that it invites explanation from positivists. After taxonomizing the positivist’s explanatory options, I suggest that the most viable option appeals to conceptual change: classical Romans, early modern Europeans, and founding-era Americans were not using ‘law’ (or ‘lex’ or ‘jus’) to refer to the subject matter of contemporary legal philosophy. But the strategy is costly. It renders positivism’s truth surprisingly parochial. And it supplies new reasons for doubting positivist accounts of contemporary practices, including the treatment of moral principles in modern adjudication.
Morphological knowledge in English learner university students is sensitive to language statistics: A longitudinal study
Authors: Schmidtke Daniel , Rahmanian Sadaf , Moro Anna L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExposure to statistical patterns of language use affects language production and comprehension. In this longitudinal study of English language learner (ELL) university students, we examined the interplay between language experience and language statistics as a window into the formation and stability of morphological representations in memory. We hypothesized that within-participant change in sensitivity to distributional properties of complex words on written production would reflect changes in morphological knowledge. At two timepoints, separated by 8 months of language exposure, a sample of ELLs (n = 196) completed a written suffix completion task. The largest gains in production accuracy were observed for derived words ending in less productive suffixes. In addition, across both timepoints we found a consistent effect of derivational family entropy, such that derived words belonging to morphological families with equally dominant members were less accurately produced. Both effects indicate that ELLs exploit distributional cues to morphological structure and shed light on two aspects of morphological knowledge in ELLs. First, knowledge of suffixes becomes more entrenched in memory, independently of knowledge of the full forms of derived words. Second, ELLs draw upon interlexical connections between morphological family members during written word production.
Educational gradients in older adults' personal network size, diversity and social support: a widening gap between haves and have nots across birth cohorts?
Authors: Suanet Bianca 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSocietal change related to individualisation has likely made individual resources more important for the maintenance of social ties. This raises the question whether lower-educated adults are more disadvantaged in later-born cohorts in personal network structure and function. Observations are from 4,886 individuals aged 55 and over from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA), who are followed over a timespan of a maximum of 24 years between 1992 and 2016. Multi-level regression models are estimated to determine cohort differences. Network size is larger in later-born cohorts, and more so for the higher-educated than for the lower-educated adults. Network diversity increases across birth cohorts irrespective of educational level. Lower- and higher-educated women, and lower-educated men give more instrumental support in later-born cohorts, whereas higher-educated men do not show such a steep increase. More emotional and instrumental support is also received in later-born cohorts irrespective of educational level, but higher-educated adults receive more emotional support in all birth cohorts. Thus, lower-educated older adults are not necessarily worse off socially in later-born cohorts. Instead, they are even more likely to be active givers of support. Also, most of the gains in personal networks of older adults in later-born cohorts are independent of educational level, suggesting that the social landscape for older adults today is much richer.
Ageing and familial support: a three-generation portrait from urban China
Authors: Liu Jieyu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResearch on ageing in China has been preoccupied with the unsolved question of whether traditional filial piety is eroded or sustained by societal modernisation. This article engages with the ongoing debate on modernisation and family change, but seeks to go beyond the prevailing dichotomous conclusion. Rather than focusing on one intergenerational relationship between ageing parents and their adult children – a common formula in the existing literature – this article draws upon 120 life-history interviews, involving both genders and three generations in three cities, and examines how old-age support practices have shifted across three generations, as well as between sons and daughters across time. The findings indicate that while there has been a decline in everyday financial and instrumental support by adult children for their parents across all three generations, crisis-induced intergenerational solidarity has remained intact. As the market economy has matured, differences in ageing experience have widened between working-class and affluent families. The article also reveals that care for bilateral parents has characterised the behaviour of the three urban generations. The complex shifts and continuities are the outcome of a combination of state policies, evolving filial norms, gender and demographic forces, as well as reflecting the broader structural consequences of China's shift to a market economy. By systematically comparing old-age practices by generation and gender in both Mao and post-Mao eras, the article makes a major empirical contribution to the study of ageing in urban China. From a theoretical perspective, it contributes to the global debate on modernisation and ageing by emphasising the uneven processes in which social change interacts with family life within a single country, when viewed through generational and gender prisms. In so doing, it highlights the ways in which old-age support trajectories are firmly grounded in local history and cultural, economic and demographic forces.
In Interview: On the Development of Video in the Theatre
Authors: Speckenbach Jan , Irmer Thomas 
Published: July 2022

German film artist Jan Speckenbach ingeniously contributed to the development of live video on the stage, and this discussion focuses on his education, as well his as experimental collaborations with director Frank Castorf at the Volksbühne Berlin, starting in 2000. Speckenbach’s background in film and media studies facilitated his explorations of uncharted territory in the theatre, going from a set of fixed cameras on the stage to the use of a camera crew with live-editing for augmented images as part of the whole directing concept and process. His first-hand insights into how actors have interacted with this new technology and how filmmaking can be an integral part of the theatre indicate clearly that filmmaking has played an invaluable role in recent theatre history. Speckenbach here also speaks of his collaborations with other directors, notably Sebastian Hartmann and René Pollesch, and about the future perspectives of this technology, which has changed the theatre altogether.Jan Speckenbach studied art history, philosophy, and media in Karlsruhe, Munich, and Paris during the 1990s. At the beginning of the new millennium he participated in the development of video theatre with Frank Castorf and, now a successful filmmaker, he also continues to work in the theatre. His short film Gestern in Eden [Yesterday in Eden] premiered at Cannes in 2008, while the full-length feature film Die Vermissten [The Missing] was shown at the 2012 Berlinale and Freiheit [Freedom] at the 2017 film competition at Locarno. In 2020 he directed the live-stream of Der Zauberberg [The Magic Mountain, after Thomas Mann’s novel] at the Deutsches Theater in Berlin (premiered online in November 2019), which was subsequently invited to the Berlin Theatertreffen. Thomas Irmer is the editor-in-chief of the Berlin-based monthly Theater der Zeit. He has co-edited two books on the work of Frank Castorf – Zehn Jahre Volksbühne Intendanz Frank Castorf (2003) and Castorf (2016). During the last forty years he has authored, among other significant writings, numerous analytical articles and interviews on Castorf’s creative output.
Leucogranite Records Multiple Collisional Orogenies
Authors: Liu Li , Zhu Di‐Cheng , Wang Qing , Cawood Peter A. , Stockli Daniel F. , Stockli Lisa D. , Lin Chao , Zhang Jin‐Jiang , Zhang Liang‐Liang , Zhao Zhi‐Dan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe geological evolution of orogens is the sum of events related to both their cycle of generation as well as features inherited from their basement units. The Himalayan Orogen provides a well‐constrained Cenozoic history of active plate convergence and orogenic processes overprinting an early Paleozoic orogen. A total of 1,627 Himalayan leucogranite zircons were depth‐profiled showing high resolution (0.6 μm) internal age structures. Zircon rim ages record a detailed and complex history of melting and deformation, postdating the North Indo‐Australie Orogen (ca. 490–460 Ma) documented by the zircon core age data. An interesting finding is the inconsistency of age groups between detrital zircons in the Himalaya and inherited cores of leucogranite zircons, re‐evaluating the argument that leucogranites are purely derived from melting of metasedimentary rocks. Variations in the thickness of zircon rims corresponds with changing Cenozoic orogenic stages with rims thicker than 4 μm indicating the extensional regime.
Nankai Forearc Structural and Seismogenic Segmentation Caused by a Magmatic Intrusion off the Kii Peninsula
Authors: Kimura G. , Nakamura Y. , Shiraishi K. , Fujie G. , Kodaira S. , Tsuji T. , Fukuchi R. , Yamaguchi A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe causes for forearc basin and megathrust rupture zone segmentation are controversial. The Nankai forearc, Japan, is separated into five domains based on topography: Enshu, Kumano, Muroto, Tosa, and Hyuga. The boundaries of these domains correspond to the rupture limits of large earthquakes. We examined the geologic structure of the boundary region between the Kumano and Muroto domains off the Kii Peninsula using multichannel seismic reflection data to evaluate the role of upper plate composition in controlling segmentation. The results suggest that thick cover sediments and underlying accretionary prism are obliquely thrust landward over the igneous basement complex rock in the region of offshore of Cape Shionomisaki and separate the forearc basin. The igneous basement complex rocks directly overlying the plate interface in the hypocentral regions of 1944 Tonankai and 1946 Nankai earthquakes. The 1944 earthquake originated at the base of the complex, and the rupture extent slipped past its basement boundary, whereas the 1946 event nucleated at the updip boundary of the basement complex. The dense igneous rocks might have worked as a heavily loaded barrier on the seismogenic megathrust and separated the rupture area of both the earthquakes. Upper plate geology may be an important factor in controlling seismogenesis in the Nankai Trough and may serve as an example for understanding the controls on megathrust slip in other subduction zones.
Canopy Height and Climate Dryness Parsimoniously Explain Spatial Variation of Unstressed Stomatal Conductance
Authors: Liu Yanlan , Flournoy Olivia , Zhang Quan , Novick Kimberly A. , Koster Randal D. , Konings Alexandra G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe spatio‐temporal variation of stomatal conductance directly regulates photosynthesis, water partitioning, and biosphere‐atmosphere interactions. While many studies have focused on stomatal response to stresses, the spatial variation of unstressed stomatal conductance remains poorly determined, and is usually characterized in land surface models (LSMs) simply based on plant functional type (PFT). Here, we derived unstressed stomatal conductance at the ecosystem‐scale using observations from 115 global FLUXNET sites. When aggregated by PFTs, the across‐PFT pattern was highly consistent with the parameterizations of LSMs. However, PFTs alone captured only 17% of the variation in unstressed stomatal conductance across sites. Within the same PFT, unstressed stomatal conductance was negatively related to climate dryness and canopy height, which explained 45% of the total spatial variation. Our results highlight the importance of plant‐environment interactions in shaping stomatal traits. The trait‐environment relationship established here provides an empirical approach for improved parameterizations of stomatal conductance in LSMs.
Direct cleavage of caspase-8 by herpes simplex virus 1 tegument protein US11
Authors: Musarra-Pizzo Maria , Pennisi Rosamaria , Lombardo Daniele , Velletri Tania , Sciortino Maria Teresa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe HSV-1 tegument protein Us11 counteracts the antiviral defense mechanisms by precluding the host protein shutoff. Previous works demonstrated that Us11 prevents heat-and staurosporine-induced apoptosis and inhibits autophagy. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the hypothesis that HSV-1, through Us11, could recruit caspase-8, a key enzyme regulating programmed cell death. We first show that HSV-1 promotes the accumulation of caspase-8-p18 active fragments in both semi permissive THP-1 cells and fully permissive HEp-2 cells to HSV-1 replication. Using a recombinant virus R3630 (ΔUs11/ΔUs12) and a plasmid encoding Us11-recombinant protein we have proven that Us11 promotes p18 accumulation, which does not trigger the apoptotic signaling. Additional, in an in vitro model, we demonstrated that Us11-recombinant protein induces caspase-8-p18 cleavage by physically interacting with the caspase-8 recombinant protein. Finally, we found that, during HSV-1 replication, activated-caspase-8 cleaves Atg3 protein to potentially block autophagy and support its replication.