bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Labor risk factors for fetal heart rate abnormality after combined spinal‐epidural analgesia
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshiko , Umehara Nagayoshi , Yamashita Yoko , Sato Masaki , Takehara Kenji , Sago Haruhiko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the association between obstetric factors or outcomes and fetal heart rate (FHR) abnormalities after combined spinal‐epidural analgesia (CSEA).MethodsWomen with singleton term deliveries who received CSEA at our institution between January 1 and December 31, 2017, were analyzed using medical records. We performed a logistic regression analysis to compare factors and outcomes between cases with and without new FHR abnormalities within 1 h after CSEA.ResultsOf the 393 women, 163 showed the new occurrence of FHR abnormality after CSEA. Rupture of the membrane (odds ratio [OR] 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.52–4.09; P < 0.01) and dilatation of the cervix (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.07–1.44; P < 0.01) were significantly associated with FHR abnormalities. There were significant differences in FHR abnormality rates between women with cervical dilatation of 2 cm or less and 3 cm or more (OR 2.20; 95% CI 1.01–4.81; P = 0.047) and 6 cm or less and 7 cm or more (OR 2.46; 95% CI 1.01–6.01; P = 0.048). FHR abnormalities were not significantly associated with cesarean delivery during labor, instrumental delivery, APGAR score below 7 at 1 or 5 min, or umbilical arterial blood gas pH less than 7.2.ConclusionRupture of the membrane and an advanced dilated cervix were risk factors for FHR abnormality when CSEA was initiated.
The role of internal iliac artery intraoperative vascular clamp temporary occlusion in abnormally invasive placenta
Authors: Yang Ziling , Yang Yuanyuan , Yin Zongzhi , Yao Jie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of internal iliac artery intraoperative vascular clamp temporary occlusion in the treatment of abnormally invasive placenta.MethodThis retrospective study enrolled 153 patients diagnosed with abnormally invasive placenta between January 2018 and December 2021. The patients were divided into a study group (n = 88, undergoing cesarean section followed by internal iliac artery vascular clamp temporary occlusion) and a control group (n = 65, receiving routine cesarean section). The general situation, intraoperative conditions, postoperative complications, and neonatal outcomes were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe hysterectomy rate in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group. However, there were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss, blood transfusion, postoperative intensive care unit transfer rate, or neonatal outcome between the groups. Further subgrouping showed that in patients with placenta increta, the hysterectomy rate and intraoperative bleeding amount were significantly lower in the occlusion group. Nevertheless, these advantages were not significantly different between the groups in patients with placenta percreta.ConclusionVascular clamp temporary occlusion of internal iliac artery is an effective method for controlling hemorrhage and decreasing the incidence of hysterectomy in patients with placenta increta. For patients with placenta percreta, the benefit is limited.
How to follow lipid droplets dynamics during adipocyte metabolism
Authors: Kislev Nadav , Eidelheit Shira , Perlmutter Shaked , Benayahu Dafna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLipid droplets (LDs) are important cellular organelles due to their ability to accumulate and store lipids. LD dynamics are associated with various cellular and metabolic processes. Accurate monitoring of LD's size and shape is of prime importance as it indicates the metabolic status of the cells. Unintrusive continuous quantification techniques have a clear advantage in analyzing LDs as they measure and monitor the cells' metabolic function and droplets over time. Here, we present a novel machine‐learning‐based method for LDs analysis by segmentation of phase‐contrast images of differentiated adipocytes (in vitro) and adipose tissue (in vivo). We developed a new workflow based on the ImageJ waikato environment for knowledge analysis segmentation plugin, which provides an accurate, label‐free, live single‐cell, and organelle quantification of LD‐related parameters. By applying the new method on differentiating 3T3‐L1 cells, the size of LDs was analyzed over time in differentiated adipocytes and their correlation with other morphological parameters. Moreover, we analyzed the LDs dynamics during catabolic changes such as lipolysis and lipophagy and demonstrated its ability to identify different cellular subpopulations based on their structural, numerical, and spatial variability. This analysis was also implemented on unstained ex vivo adipose tissues to measure adipocyte size, an important readout of the tissue's metabolism. The presented approach can be applied in different LD‐related metabolic conditions to provide a better understanding of LD biogenesis and function in vivo and in vitro while serving as a new platform that enables rapid and accurate screening of data sets.
Diagnostic Accuracy of MRI for Solid Renal Masses: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Frank Robert A. , Dawit Haben , Bossuyt Patrick M. M. , Leeflang Mariska , Flood Trevor A. , Breau Rodney H. , McInnes Matthew D. F. , Schieda Nicola 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundBiparametric (bp)‐MRI and multiparametric (mp)‐MRI may improve the diagnostic accuracy of renal mass histology.PurposeTo evaluate the available evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of bp‐MRI and mp‐MRI for solid renal masses in differentiating malignant from benign, aggressive from indolent, and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) from other histology.Study TypeSystematic review.PopulationMEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL up to January 11, 2022 were searched.Field Strength/Sequence1.5 or 3 Tesla.AssessmentEligible studies evaluated the accuracy of MRI (with at least two sequences: T2, T1, dynamic contrast and diffusion‐weighted imaging) for diagnosis of solid renal masses in adult patients, using histology as reference standard. Risk of bias and applicability were assessed using QUADAS‐2.Statistical TestsMeta‐analysis using a bivariate logitnormal random effects model.ResultsWe included 10 studies (1239 masses from approximately 1200 patients). The risk of bias was high in three studies, unclear in five studies and low in two studies. The diagnostic accuracy of malignant (vs. benign) masses was assessed in five studies (64% [179/281] malignant). The summary estimate of sensitivity was 95% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 77%–99%), and specificity was 63% (95% CI: 46%–77%). No study assessed aggressive (vs. indolent) masses. The diagnostic accuracy of ccRCC (vs. other subtypes) was evaluated in six studies (47% [455/971] ccRCC): the summary estimate of sensitivity was 85% (95% CI: 77%–90%) and specificity was 77% (95% CI: 73%–81%).Data ConclusionOur study reveals deficits in the available evidence on MRI for diagnosis of renal mass histology. The number of studies was limited, at unclear/high risk of bias, with heterogeneous definitions of solid masses, imaging techniques, diagnostic criteria, and outcome measures.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 2
MRI‐Based Radiomics Nomogram for Preoperative Differentiation Between Ocular Adnexal Lymphoma and Idiopathic Orbital Inflammation
Authors: Yang Lijuan , Zhang Huachen , Xie Xiaoyang , Jiang Shijie , Zhang Hui , Cao Xin , Hou Yuqing , He Xiaowei , Wang Junming , Zhang Tao , Zhao Fengjun 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundOcular adnexal lymphoma (OAL) and idiopathic orbital inflammation (IOI) are malignant and benign lesions for which radiotherapy and corticosteroids are indicated, but similar clinical manifestations make their differentiation difficult.PurposeTo develop and validate an MRI‐based radiomics nomogram for individual diagnosis of OAL vs. IOI.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 103 patients (46.6% female) with mean age of 56.4 ± 16.3 years having OAL (n = 58) or IOI (n = 45) were divided into an independent training (n = 82) and a testing dataset (n = 21).Field Strength/SequenceA 3‐T, precontrast T1‐weighted imaging (T1WI), T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI), and postcontrast T1WI (T1 + C).AssessmentRadiomics features were extracted and selected from segmented tumors and peritumoral regions in MRI before‐and‐after filtering. These features, alone or combined with clinical characteristics, were used to construct a radiomics or joint signature to differentiate OAL from IOI, respectively. A joint nomogram was built to show the impact of the radiomics signature and clinical characteristics on individual risk of developing OAL.Statistical TestsArea under the curve (AUC) and accuracy (ACC) were used for performance evaluation. Mann–Whitney U and Chi‐square tests were used to analyze continuous and categorical variables. Decision curve analysis, kappa statistics, DeLong and Hosmer–Lemeshow tests were also conducted. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe joint signature achieved an AUC of 0.833 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.806–0.870), slightly better than the radiomics signature with an AUC of 0.806 (95% CI: 0.767–0.838) (P = 0.778). The joint and radiomics signatures were comparable to experienced radiologists referencing to clinical characteristics (ACC = 0.810 vs. 0.796–0.806, P > 0.05) or not (AUC = 0.806 vs. 0.753–0.791, P > 0.05), respectively. The joint nomogram gained more net benefits than the radiomics nomogram, despite both showing good calibration and discriminatory efficiency (P > 0.05).Data ConclusionThe developed radiomics‐based analysis might help to improve the diagnostic performance and reveal the association between radiomics features and individual risk of developing OAL.Evidence Level3Technical Efficacy3
SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA load in nasopharyngeal specimens from outpatients with breakthrough COVID‐19 due to Omicron BA.1 and BA.2
Authors: de Michelena Paula , Olea Beatriz , Torres Ignacio , González‐Candelas Fernando , Navarro David 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis retrospective observational study compared severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) RNA load in nasopharyngeal specimens (NPs) from patients with breakthrough coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by the Omicron BA.1 or BA.2 sublineages. The convenience sample was composed of 277 outpatients (176 female/112 male; median age, 48 years; range, 12–97) with breakthrough COVID‐19 (n = 130 due to BA.1 and n = 147 due to BA.2). All participants had completed a full vaccination schedule and 56% had received a booster vaccine dose at the time of COVID‐19 breakthrough microbiological diagnosis. NPs were collected within 7 days (median 2 days) after symptom onset. The TaqPath COVID‐19 Combo Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was used to estimate viral loads in NPs. Overall, viral RNA loads in NPs were comparable (p = 0.31) for BA.1 (median, 7.1 log10 copies/ml; range, 2.7–10.6) and BA.2 (median, 7.5 log10 copies/ml; range, 2.7–10.6), yet peak viral load appeared to be reached sooner for BA.2 than for BA.1 (Day 1 vs. Days 3–5; p = 0.002). Time elapsed since last vaccine dose had no significant impact on SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA loads in the upper respiratory tract (URT) for either BA.1 or BA.2. The data presented do not support that the transmissibility advantage of BA.2 over BA.1 is related to generation of higher viral loads in the URT early after infection.
Evaluation of humoral immune responses induced by different SARS‐CoV‐2 spike trimers from wild‐type and emerging variants with individual, sequential, and combinational delivered strategies
Authors: Ding Chengchao , Ni Shuangshuang , Zhang Xiangyu , Xie Jiajia , Sun Yong , He Jun , Mei Qingmin , Huang Lina , He Hongliang , Liu Zhirong , Gao Yong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe spike trimer of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is an effective target for inducing neutralizing antibodies by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines. However, the diversity of spike protein from emerging SASR‐CoV‐2 variants has become the major challenge for development of a universal vaccine. To investigate the immunogenicity of spike proteins from various circulating strains including wild type, Delta, and Omicron variants, we produced various natural spike trimers and designed three vaccination strategies, that is, individual, sequential, and bivalent regimens to assess autologous and heterogenous antibody responses in a mouse model. The results indicated that monovalent vaccine strategy with individual spike trimer could only induce binding and neutralizing antibodies against homologous viruses. However, sequential and bivalent immunization with Delta and Omicron spike trimers could induce significantly broader neutralizing antibody responses against heterogenous SARS‐CoV‐2. Interestingly, the spike trimer from Omicron variant showed superior immunogenicity in inducing antibody response against recently emerging XE variant. Taken together, our data supported the development of novel vaccination strategies or multivalent vaccine against emerging variants.
ICN‐FDTD scheme with absorption boundary condition for nonuniform rotational symmetric geometrics
Authors: Wu Shihong , Dong Yunyun , Liu Lining , Su Feng , Chen Xiangguang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBased on iterated Crank–Nicolson (CN) procedure, an alternative algorithm with perfectly matched layer (PML) formulation is proposed in the body‐of‐revolution (BOR) finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) lattice for the simulation of rotational symmetric geometrics. For the nonuniform domain simulation, an alternative subgridding method is employed to during the simulation. The iterated CN procedure improves the efficiency through preventing the calculation of tri‐diagonal matrices. The alternative subgridding method enhances the accuracy in nonuniform domains by the calculation of subregions. Numerical example is carried out for the demonstration of effectiveness including efficiency, accuracy and absorption. Through the results, the proposed scheme shows considerable absorption and accuracy improvement in nonuniform domains. Compared with the other CN schemes, the iterated CN procedure can significantly increase the efficiency with small time steps. In conclusion, the advantages and novelty of the proposed algorithm can be described as follows: (1) The iterated CN procedure is proposed for rotational symmetric geometrics. (2) Absorption boundary condition for iterated CN is proposed in BOR‐FDTD. (3) An alternative subgridding method for iterated CN procedure is proposed in BOR‐FDTD lattice. Thus, the proposed algorithm shows potential in nonuniform rotational symmetric geometrics open region simulation.
Time and motion study quantifying the activities of the cardiology, respiratory, and geriatric clinical pharmacist
Authors: Huynh Simon , Rush Lily , Dadalias Demitra , Githinji Danson , Ta Melissa , Poole Susan G. , Percival Mia , Bell Chloe , Warner Victoria , Nguyen David 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere are few studies evaluating the workforce and the time allocated to tasks performed by clinical specialty pharmacists in Australia. The aim of this study was to quantify the time that clinical specialty pharmacists spend on various activities. A Work Observation Method by Activity Timing (WOMBAT) time and motion study was conducted at a tertiary‐referral metropolitan health service with comprehensive unit‐based clinical pharmacy services. Direct observations of clinical pharmacists were conducted by researchers during weekdays. Tasks and times observed were categorised into domains of ‘What, Who, How, and Where’, accounting for interruptions and multitasking. Eighteen clinical cardiology, respiratory, and geriatric pharmacists were observed over 171.2 h. The majority of time involved direct patient care activities (76.1% [95% confidence interval 72.6–79.6%]), including admission‐related (7.6%), discharge‐related (16.2%), and inpatient clinical tasks (52.5%). Activities were undertaken independently (55.9%) with doctors (26.2%), with nurses (10.5%), or with patients (9.6)%; 19.1% of the pharmacist’s day involved multitasking. The tasks most frequently performed together were inpatient clinical activities, including rounding and daily medicine review. This study quantified the typical task allocation of clinical pharmacists in cardiology, respiratory, and geriatric units. It demonstrated that in a hospital setting supported by comprehensive operational pharmacy services, clinical pharmacists working in acute and subacute clinical specialities, predominately undertake direct patient care tasks that have been shown to improve patient safety.
Characterization of the flavor, sensory quality and in vitro bioaccessibility in cloudy pomegranate juice treated by high pressure and thermal processing
Authors: Tian Jun , Cheng Fengyun , Yun Yurou , Yi Junjie , Cai Shengbao , Zhou Linyan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecently, cloudy pomegranate juice (PJ) has become popular due to its rich phenolic and health‐promoting effects. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the application of high hydrostatic pressure processing (HPP), pasteurization (PT) and high‐temperature short‐time sterilization (HTST) on physicochemical properties (color, flow behavior, turbidity, sugars, organic acids, aroma and sensory evaluation) and in vitro bioaccessibility of total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC) and phenolics of cloudy PJ.RESULTSCompared to HPP, thermal sterilization significantly increased the brightness (L*), redness (a*), total color difference (ΔE) and turbidity, and decreased the TPC and TFC. HPP maintained the volatile profile of cloudy PJ better, while thermal sterilization significantly changed the profile by decreasing alcohols 23.8–32.7% and increasing acids by 33.6%–182.8%. The bioaccessibility of flavonoids, phenolic acids and tannins in the control cloudy PJ after in vitro oral‐gastric‐intestinal digestion were 1.5%, 4.9%, and 9.0%, respectively, which were not significantly changed by different treatments.CONCLUSIONThese results contributed to promoting the color quality and health benefits of cloudy PJ rich in phenolics by optimizing the processing conditions in the food industry. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of contrast media on the enzyme activity of condoliase: In vitro assessment
Authors: Watanabe Ippei , Shirogane Taiichi , Matsuyama Yukihiro , Chiba Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCondoliase has been used in Japan to treat patients with lumbar disc herniation by its injection into the nucleus pulposus. The injection of condoliase together with contrast media is prohibited; because there are no data whether contrast media have any effect on condoliase activity. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of contrast media on condoliase activity.MethodsCondoliase with chondroitin sulfate (CS) and without CS were mixed with various contrast media (nonionic [iohexol or iotrolan]; ionic [amidotrizoic acid]). (i) The mixtures with CS were incubated at 37°C; (ii) the mixtures without CS were stored at 24°C for 60 min, followed by addition of CS to assess condoliase activity by measuring the amount of N‐acetylhexosamines enzymatically cleaved from CS using Morgan–Elson method.Results(i) In the presence of CS, the ionic contrast media reduced condoliase activity within 10 min in a dose‐dependent manner, and the nonionic contrast media had no effect on condoliase activity for at least 120 min. (ii) In the absence of CS, the ionic contrast media almost completely inactivated condoliase within 15 min, and the nonionic contrast media also reduced condoliase activity; the residual activity was 65% with iotrolan and 35% with iohexol at 60 min.ConclusionsThe ionic contrast media significantly reduced condoliase activity regardless of presence or absence of CS. Although the nonionic contrast media did not affect condoliase activity in the presence of CS, it reduced activity in the absence of CS. Mixing condoliase with contrast media, especially ionic type contrast media, should be avoided.
Long‐term Outcomes of Vocal Fold Paralysis Following Patent Ductus Arteriosus Ligation in Neonates
Authors: Orb Quinn , Dunya Gabriel , Padia Reema , King Jerald , Holbrook John , Muntz Harlan , Smith Marshall E. 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionIn patients undergoing patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation there is a significant risk of left vocal fold paralysis (LVFP) particularly in premature neonates who are small for gestational age. The objective of this study is to determine the incidence of LVFP in infants following PDA ligation and report on long‐term outcomes in patients with LVFP.MethodsWe performed a prospective study of patients undergoing PDA ligation in the newborn intensive care unit (NICU) between April 2004 and May 2014. Following PDA ligation, flexible laryngoscopy was performed to assess vocal fold mobility. Patients were then followed longitudinally to determine long‐term outcomes.ResultsA total of 163 infants underwent PDA ligation. Thirty‐six patients (22%) developed LVFP following the procedure. Twenty‐five percent of neonates <1500 g experienced LVFP versus 5% of patients >1500 g (p = 0.033). Patients with LVFP were more likely to require a feeding tube (64% vs. 19.6%; p < 0.05) and spent more time in the NICU (135 days vs. 106 days; p < 0.05). Twenty‐four patients received long‐term follow‐up. Six (25%) had complete resolution of LVFP, 10 (42%) were compensated, and 8 (33%) demonstrated persistent LVFP with no improvement.ConclusionsThe incidence of LVFP after PDA ligation is high especially in extremely low birth weight children. The majority of patients recovered well with time, but further surgical intervention was required in uncompensated cases. Long‐term follow‐up of these patients is needed to ensure improvement. Laryngoscope, 133:1257–1261, 2023
Novel Machine Learning Model to Predict Interval of Oral Cancer Recurrence for Surveillance Stratification
Authors: Bourdillon Alexandra T. , Shah Hemali P. , Cohen Oded , Hajek Michael A. , Mehra Saral 
Published: August 2022

Objective(s)We aimed to develop a machine learning (ML) model to accurately predict the timing of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) recurrence across four 1‐year intervals.MethodsPatients with surgically treated OSCC between 2012–2018 were retrospectively identified from the Yale‐New Haven Health system tumor registry. Patients with known recurrence or minimum follow‐up of 24 months from surgery were included. Patients were classified into one of five levels: four 1‐year intervals and one level for no recurrence (within 4 years of surgery). Three sets of data inputs (comprehensive, feature selection, nomogram) were combined with 4 ML architectures (logistic regression, decision tree (DT), support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network classifiers) yielding 12 models in total. Models were primarily evaluated using mean absolute error (MAE), lower values indicating better prediction of 1‐year interval recurrence. Secondary outcomes included accuracy, weighted precision, and weighted recall.Results389 patients met inclusion criteria: 102 (26.2%) recurred within 48 months of surgery. Median follow‐up time was 25 months (IQR: 15–37.5) for patients with recurrence and 44 months (IQR: 32–57) for patients without recurrence. MAE of 0.654% and 80.8% accuracy were achieved on a 15‐variable feature selection input by 2 ML models: DT and SVM classifiers.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study to leverage multiclass ML models to predict time to OSCC recurrence. We developed a model using feature selection data input that reliably predicted recurrence within 1‐year intervals. Precise modeling of recurrence timing has the potential to personalize surveillance protocols in the future to enhance early detection and reduce extraneous healthcare costs.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:1652–1659, 2023