bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four-layer ConvNet to facial emotion recognition with minimal epochs and the significance of data diversity
Authors: Debnath Tanoy , Reza Md. Mahfuz , Rahman Anichur , Beheshti Amin , Band Shahab S. , Alinejad-Rokny Hamid 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEmotion recognition is defined as identifying human emotion and is directly related to different fields such as human–computer interfaces, human emotional processing, irrational analysis, medical diagnostics, data-driven animation, human–robot communication, and many more. This paper proposes a new facial emotional recognition model using a convolutional neural network. Our proposed model, “ConvNet”, detects seven specific emotions from image data including anger, disgust, fear, happiness, neutrality, sadness, and surprise. The features extracted by the Local Binary Pattern (LBP), region based Oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF (ORB) and Convolutional Neural network (CNN) from facial expressions images were fused to develop the classification model through training by our proposed CNN model (ConvNet). Our method can converge quickly and achieves good performance which the authors can develop a real-time schema that can easily fit the model and sense emotions. Furthermore, this study focuses on the mental or emotional stuff of a man or woman using the behavioral aspects. To complete the training of the CNN network model, we use the FER2013 databases at first, and then apply the generalization techniques to the JAFFE and CK+ datasets respectively in the testing stage to evaluate the performance of the model. In the generalization approach on the JAFFE dataset, we get a 92.05% accuracy, while on the CK+ dataset, we acquire a 98.13% accuracy which achieve the best performance among existing methods. We also test the system’s success by identifying facial expressions in real-time. ConvNet consists of four layers of convolution together with two fully connected layers. The experimental results show that the ConvNet is able to achieve 96% training accuracy which is much better than current existing models. However, when compared to other validation methods, the suggested technique was more accurate. ConvNet also achieved validation accuracy of 91.01% for the FER2013 dataset. We also made all the materials publicly accessible for the research community at:https://github.com/Tanoy004/Emotion-recognition-through-CNN.
Structure-based inhibitor design for reshaping bacterial morphology
Authors: Choi Yuri , Park Ji Su , Kim Jinshil , Min Kyungjin , Mahasenan Kiran , Kim Choon , Yoon Hye-Jin , Lim Sewon , Cheon Dae Hee , Lee Yan , Ryu Sangryeol , Mobashery Shahriar , Kim B. Moon , Lee Hyung Ho 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe spiral shape of intestinal pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is critical for invasion of intestinal mucosa epithelial cells. Insofar as this cell morphology plays a role in the pathology of C. jejuni infection, its restructuring by pharmacological intervention could be an unexplored means to prevention of infection. We recently described that peptidoglycan hydrolase 3 (Pgp3) is involved in the spiral-shape formation of C. jejuni. We report herein the design and synthesis of the hydroxamate-based inhibitors targeting Pgp3. C. jejuni cells exposed to these inhibitors changed from the helical- to rod-shaped morphology, comparable to the case of the pgp3-deletion mutant. Evidence for the mechanism of action was provided by crystal structures of Pgp3 in complex with inhibitors, shedding light into the binding modes of inhibitors within the active site, supported by kinetics and molecular-dynamics simulations. C. jejuni exposed to these inhibitors underwent the morphological change from helical- to rod-shaped bacteria, an event that reduce the ability for invasion of the host cells. This proof of concept suggests that alteration of morphology affects the interference with the bacterial infection.
Tropane and related alkaloid skeletons via a radical [3+3]-annulation process
Authors: Colson Eloïse , Andrez Julie , Dabbous Ali , Dénès Fabrice , Maurel Vincent , Mouesca Jean-Marie , Renaud Philippe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTropanes and related bicyclic alkaloids are highly attractive compounds possessing a broad biological activity. Here we report a mild and simple protocol for the synthesis of N-arylated 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane and 9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives. It provides these valuable bicyclic alkaloid skeletons in good yields and high levels of diastereoselectivity from simple and readily available starting materials using visible-light photoredox catalysis. These bicyclic aniline derivatives are hardly accessible via the classical Robinson tropane synthesis and represent a particularly attractive scaffold for medicinal chemistry. This unprecedented annulation process takes advantage of the unique reactivity of ethyl 2-(acetoxymethyl)acrylate as a 1,3-bis radical acceptor and of cyclic N,N-dialkylanilines as radical 1,3-bis radical donors. The success of this process relies on efficient electron transfer processes and highly selective deprotonation of aminium radical cations leading to the key α-amino radical intermediates.
MYCN mediates cysteine addiction and sensitizes neuroblastoma to ferroptosis
Authors: Alborzinia Hamed , Flórez Andrés F. , Kreth Sina , Brückner Lena M. , Yildiz Umut , Gartlgruber Moritz , Odoni Dorett I. , Poschet Gernot , Garbowicz Karolina , Shao Chunxuan , Klein Corinna , Meier Jasmin , Zeisberger Petra , Nadler-Holly Michal , Ziehm Matthias , Paul Franziska , Burhenne Jürgen , Bell Emma , Shaikhkarami Marjan , Würth Roberto , Stainczyk Sabine A. , Wecht Elisa M. , Kreth Jochen , Büttner Michael , Ishaque Naveed , Schlesner Matthias , Nicke Barbara , Stresemann Carlo , Llamazares-Prada María , Reiling Jan H. , Fischer Matthias , Amit Ido , Selbach Matthias , Herrmann Carl , Wölfl Stefan , Henrich Kai-Oliver , Höfer Thomas , Trumpp Andreas , Westermann Frank 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAberrant expression of MYC transcription factor family members predicts poor clinical outcome in many human cancers. Oncogenic MYC profoundly alters metabolism and mediates an antioxidant response to maintain redox balance. Here we show that MYCN induces massive lipid peroxidation on depletion of cysteine, the rate-limiting amino acid for glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, and sensitizes cells to ferroptosis, an oxidative, non-apoptotic and iron-dependent type of cell death. The high cysteine demand of MYCN-amplified childhood neuroblastoma is met by uptake and transsulfuration. When uptake is limited, cysteine usage for protein synthesis is maintained at the expense of GSH triggering ferroptosis and potentially contributing to spontaneous tumor regression in low-risk neuroblastomas. Pharmacological inhibition of both cystine uptake and transsulfuration combined with GPX4 inactivation resulted in tumor remission in an orthotopic MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma model. These findings provide a proof of concept of combining multiple ferroptosis targets as a promising therapeutic strategy for aggressive MYCN-amplified tumors.
A finite‐time adaptive Taylor series tracking control of electrically‐driven wheeled mobile robots
Authors: Haqshenas M. AmirReza , Fateh Mohammad Mehdi , Ahmadi Seyed Mohammad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis research seeks to address a new integrated kinematic/dynamic adaptive Taylor series‐based control design for the robust tracking of electrically‐driven differential drive wheeled mobile robots (WMRs). This control design includes two loops, namely the outer loop (a kinematic control law) and the inner loop (a dynamic controller). Being capable of compensating for far initial conditions from a desired trajectory, a new kinematic control law is designed to make the posture tracking error converge to zero asymptotically as well as to generate a desired trajectory for a dynamic controller. The key role of the dynamic controller is to compensate for lumped uncertainties. To do this, the proposed chattering‐free dynamic controller guarantees that the defined sliding surface which is a function of tracking error and its time derivative will be converged to zero within a finite time. The exact stability analysis of inner closed‐loop system is developed via two Lyapunov‐like positive definite functions to ensure not only the boundedness of all signals but also the finite‐time convergence of sliding surface to zero. The proposed control algorithm is validated by means of various simulations, including comparisons with well‐designed kinematic and integrated kinematic/dynamic control literature.
A switched‐capacitor‐assisted wireless power transfer system with regulating TX power and fast global loop
Authors: Huang Chenyu , Lu Yan , Zhan Chenchang , Martins Rui P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWireless power transfer systems demand a regulating transmitter (TX) for global loop control and also a regulating receiver (RX) for its local loop. This design broadens the TX output power range, by merging a switched capacitor (SC) circuit with only 3 switches and 1 flying capacitor to boost the output power of the Class‐D power amplifier. In addition, the transmitting power can be regulated by the duty ratio of the SC, improving the end‐to‐end power transfer efficiency under different load conditions. Moreover, the system obtains fast load transient response, with the help of a light‐to‐heavy load transient enhancement scheme in the TX and the hysteretic control in the RX. Designed in a 0.18‐μm BCD process, this work achieves 3.1 W maximum RX output power, 67.6% peak total efficiency, and 50 μs response time during the light‐to‐heavy load transient simulation.
Grid integration and fault ride‐through of fractional frequency offshore wind power system based on Y‐connected modular multilevel converter
Authors: Meng Yongqing , Wu Kang , Jia Feng , Yan Shuhao , Yang Yong , Wang Xiuli 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFractional frequency transmission is a promising solution to offshore wind power integration. This paper proposes a new grid integration scheme of fractional frequency offshore wind power system (FFOWPS) based on Y‐connected modular multilevel converter (Y‐MMC). To get better power quality, a novel Y‐MMC modelling and control method considering frequency leakage is presented. Besides, in order to achieve satisfactory fault ride‐through (FRT) performance for FFOWPS, this paper proposes a novel FRT strategy. The strategy makes use of the onshore grid voltage and offshore grid frequency droop control to coordinately control the power of Y‐MMC and wind turbines. This strategy achieves power balance on both sides of Y‐MMC through coordinated control, thereby suppressing the increase of DC capacitor voltage during faults. It is also able to support the grid by injecting reactive power during voltage sags. Additionally, a new pitch angle control algorithm is designed to keep the balance between input mechanical power and output active power of wind turbines during FRT, avoiding the rapid rise of rotor speed. The simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate good performance of FFOWPS during wind speed variations and validate the effectiveness of the proposed frequency leakage suppression strategy and FRT strategy.
Power factor correction stage and matrix zero voltage switching resonant inverter for domestic induction heating appliances
Authors: Pérez‐Tarragona Mario , Sarnago Héctor , Lucía Óscar , Burdío José M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe technology of flexible cooking surfaces applied to domestic induction heating (IH) appliances offers several advantages that improve the experience of the users, not only because the safety or cleanness, but also due to the fast heating and flexibility. These cooktops have more challenging design requirements because of different mains connections, efficiency requirements, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards, control complexity, and cost. In previous works, the use of a front‐end power factor corrector (PFC) rectifier has been proposed to overcome these restrictions. In order to get a cost‐effective implementation, this paper proposes the use of a front‐end PFC stage and a matrix resonant inverter, which features zero voltage switching (ZVS), to achieve a reduced number of power devices, and get a high performance and reduced power losses in the converter. Finally, an experimental prototype with four outputs of 3.6 kW has been implemented to prove the feasibility of this proposal.
An adaptive virtual impedance fault current limiter for optimal protection coordination of islanded microgrids
Authors: Sati Talal Elemamali , Azzouz Maher A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFault currents of inverter‐interfaced distributed generators (IIDGs) depend on inverter controllers. Thus, IIDGs fault currents are different than those of synchronous‐based DGs, both from the magnitude and waveshape perspectives. In the event of short‐circuit faults, droop‐based IIDGs switch between a voltage source and a current source, which increases the complexity and non‐linearity of short‐circuit current calculation (SCC). This paper proposes a new SCC algorithm that incorporates virtual impedance‐fault current limiters (VI‐FCLs) to enable modelling droop‐based IIDGs as a voltage source behind an impedance. The VI‐FCL was implemented as an additional control loop in the inverter control scheme to limit IIDG fault currents and achieve optimal protection coordination (OPC). Further, the VI‐FCL is adaptively adjusted to enhance overcurrent protection sensitivity. A two‐stage OPC algorithm for directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) is developed. In Stage I, an optimal value for the adaptive VI‐FCLs and relay currents are calculated. Stage II aims at obtaining optimal DOCRs settings. Time‐domain simulations are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive VI‐FCL and the accuracy of the proposed SCC algorithm. The proposed SCC algorithm and the OPC program are successfully validated using an islanded microgrid that is part of a Canadian distribution system.
Stimulus Length Uncertainty with Dichotic Digit Recognition
Authors: Strouse Anne , Wilson Richard H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDichotic digit listening was made more difficult by interleaving one-, two-, three-, and four-pair digits within a test list in which the subjects did not know a priori the number of digit pairs presented on a given trial, thereby introducing listener uncertainty. Twenty right-handed (mean age = 26.8 years) and 20 left-handed adults (mean age = 24.0) with normal hearing and 40 right-handed adults in the 60- to 75-years age range (mean age = 67.2) with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss were evaluated. Compared to traditional paradigms, the uncertainty of stimulus length (one, two, three, or four pairs) reduced overall recognition performance on stimuli presented to both ears of all groups, but the reduction was more pronounced for the left ear than for the right ear. The recognition performance of the right-handed subjects was more homogeneous than the performance of the left-handed subjects. In comparison to the young subjects, the 60- to 75-year-old group had substantially reduced recognition performance.
Abbreviations: ANOVA = analysis of variance, CD = compact disc, CV = consonant-vowel
Ultrafast excited state dynamics in the monomeric and trimeric photosystem I core complex of Spirulina platensis probed by two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy
Authors: Russo Mattia , Casazza Anna Paola , Cerullo Giulio , Santabarbara Stefano , Maiuri Margherita 
Published: April 2022

Photosystem I (PSI), a naturally occurring supercomplex composed of a core part and a light-harvesting antenna, plays an essential role in the photosynthetic electron transfer chain. Evolutionary adaptation dictates a large variability in the type, number, arrangement, and absorption of the Chlorophylls (Chls) responsible for the early steps of light-harvesting and charge separation. For example, the specific location of long-wavelength Chls (referred to as red forms) in the cyanobacterial core has been intensively investigated, but the assignment of the chromophores involved is still controversial. The most red-shifted Chl a form has been observed in the trimer of the PSI core of the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis, with an absorption centered at ∼740 nm. Here, we apply two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy to study photoexcitation dynamics in isolated trimers and monomers of the PSI core of S. platensis. By means of global analysis, we resolve and compare direct downhill and uphill excitation energy transfer (EET) processes between the bulk Chls and the red forms, observing significant differences between the monomer (lacking the most far red Chl form at 740 nm) and the trimer, with the ultrafast EET component accelerated by five times, from 500 to 100 fs, in the latter. Our findings highlight the complexity of EET dynamics occurring over a broad range of time constants and their sensitivity to energy distribution and arrangement of the cofactors involved. The comparison of monomeric and trimeric forms, differing both in the antenna dimension and in the extent of red forms, enables us to extract significant information regarding PSI functionality.
The Einstein equations and multipole moments at null infinity
Authors: Tafel J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We consider vacuum metrics admitting conformal compactification which is smooth up to the scri

I

+

. We write metric in the Bondi–Sachs form and expand it into power series in the inverse affine distance 1/r. Like in the case of the luminosity distance, given the news tensor and initial data for a part of metric the Einstein equations define coefficients of the series in a recursive way. This is also true in the stationary case however now the news tensor vanishes and the role of initial data is taken by multipole moments which are equivalent to moments of Thorne. We find an approximate form of metric and show that in the case of vanishing mass the mass dipole may be different from zero. Then the known result about the Kerr like behaviour of a stationary metric is violated. Finally we find an approximate (up to the quadrupole moment) Bondi–Sachs form of the Kerr metric.
Gauge symmetry of the 3BF theory for a generic semistrict Lie three-group
Authors: Radenković Tijana , Vojinović Marko 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The higher category theory can be employed to generalize the BF action to the so-called 3BF action, by passing from the notion of a gauge group to the notion of a gauge three-group. In this work we determine the full gauge symmetry of the 3BF action. To that end, the complete Hamiltonian analysis of the 3BF action for an arbitrary semistrict Lie three-group is performed, by using the Dirac procedure. The Hamiltonian analysis is the first step towards a canonical quantization of a 3BF theory. This is an important stepping-stone for the quantization of the complete standard model of elementary particles coupled to Einstein–Cartan gravity, formulated as a 3BF action with suitable simplicity constraints. We show that the resulting gauge symmetry group consists of the familiar G-, H-, and L-gauge transformations, as well as additional M- and N-gauge transformations, which have not been discussed in the existing literature.
Suspended semiconductor nanostructures: physics and technology
Authors: Pogosov A G , Shevyrin A A , Pokhabov D A , Zhdanov E Yu , Kumar S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The current state of research on quantum and ballistic electron transport in semiconductor nanostructures with a two-dimensional electron gas separated from the substrate and nanoelectromechanical systems is reviewed. These nanostructures fabricated using the surface nanomachining technique have certain unexpected features in comparison to their non-suspended counterparts, such as additional mechanical degrees of freedom, enhanced electron–electron interaction and weak heat sink. Moreover, their mechanical functionality can be used as an additional tool for studying the electron transport, complementary to the ordinary electrical measurements. The article includes a comprehensive review of spin-dependent electron transport and multichannel effects in suspended quantum point contacts, ballistic and adiabatic transport in suspended nanostructures, as well as investigations on nanoelectromechanical systems. We aim to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art in suspended semiconductor nanostructures and their applications in nanoelectronics, spintronics and emerging quantum technologies.
Quantization of nonlocal fields via fractional calculus
Authors: Atman Kazım Gökhan , Şirin Hüseyin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this study, we investigate the effect of nonlocality in quantum mechanics and propose a fractional approach the theory of quantized fields. For this purpose, we embedded the fractional calculus to broaden theory of quantum fields since the integral and derivative operators are nonlocal in fractional calculus.Additionally, quantum entanglement is discussed to gain comprehension of nonlocality in the foundation of quantum mechanics. Besides, fractional Lagrangian formalism was presented due to fact that the Lagrangian density is the starting point to establish a field theory.Furthermore, to make fractional field operators quantum mechanical, equal-time commutator have been defined for the these operators in terms of Caputo fractional derivative. Thus, a scheme of quantization of fractional fields is introduced and general aspects of the method is illustrated with the theory of massive scalar fields. This approach laid out to a successful generalization of the quantum field theory which is coherent with the standard formalism. Consequently, we developed promising concept for a quantum field theory by introducing nonlocality into standard mathematical formalism.
Cross-subject spatial filter transfer method for SSVEP-EEG feature recognition
Authors: Yan Wenqiang , Wu Yongcheng , Du Chenghang , Xu Guanghua 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective. Steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) is an important control method of the brain–computer interface (BCI) system. The development of an efficient SSVEP feature decoding algorithm is the core issue in SSVEP-BCI. It has been proposed to use user training data to reduce the spontaneous electroencephalogram activity interference on SSVEP response, thereby improving the feature recognition accuracy of the SSVEP signal. Nevertheless, the tedious data collection process increases the mental fatigue of the user and severely affects the applicability of the BCI system. Approach. A cross-subject spatial filter transfer (CSSFT) method that transfer the existing user model with good SSVEP response to the new user test data without collecting any training data from the new user is proposed. Main results. Experimental results demonstrate that the transfer model increases the distinction of the feature discriminant coefficient between the gaze following target and the non-gaze following target and accurately identifies the wrong target in the fundamental algorithm model. The public datasets show that the CSSFT method significantly increases the recognition performance of canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and filter bank CCA. Additionally, when the data used to calculate the transfer model contains one data block only, the CSSFT method retains its effective feature recognition capabilities. Significance. The proposed method requires no tedious data calibration process for new users, provides an effective technical solution for the transfer of the cross-subject model, and has potential application value for promoting the application of the BCI system.