bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhodol-Based Fluorescent Probes Used for Fast Response toward ClO– and Delayed Determination of H2O2 in Living Cells
Authors: Li Daliang , Wang Bo , Zhang Lanlan , Zheng Jianpei , Bao Hongli 
Published: March 2022

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS), a class of reactive oxidants, play critical roles in signal transduction, cell metabolism, immune defense, and other physiological processes. Abnormally excessive levels of ROS can cause diseases and thus, investigations into the relevant biology and medicine are significant. The behavior of ROS in inflammation has been rarely elucidated. In this work, two ROS fluorescent probes, FS-ROS1 and FS-ROS2 have been designed and synthesized. FS-ROS1 responds rapidly (~1 min) to ClO– and gradually (~30 min) to H2O2 with an increase in fluorescence at ~656 nm and 640 nm of more than 100-fold in vitro. At a concentration of 10 μM, FS-ROS1 labels the L929 cell and Raw264.7 cell wells in 30 min with excellent biocompatibility and without washing. After labelling, FS-ROS1 exhibited a rational fluorescence increase upon the addition of 1, 10, 100, and 200 μM of H2O2. Based on these results, inflammatory cells, stimulated with 800 nM dexamethasone and polyIC, showed a higher increase in fluorescence than the control cells. These results suggest that H2O2 and ClO– might be important signaling molecules during inflammations.
Visible-Light-Induced Catalysis: A Regioselectivity Switch between [2+1] and [2+2] Cycloaddition of Diazocarbonyls with Olefins
Authors: Lv Jian , Qiu Huixin , Wen Lirong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVisible-light-promoted [2+1] and [2+2] cycloaddition reactions of diazocarbonyls with olefins have been developed, affording functionalized cyclopropanes and cyclobutanes, respectively. In visible-light catalysis of Ir(ppy)3, a simple addition of Rh2(OAc)4 switches the regioselectivity from [2+1] to [2+2] cycloaddition with good reactivity and high regioselectivity.
Contemporary Test Performance of the Random Urine Protein-to-creatinine Ratio
Authors: Champion Macie L. , Becker David A. , McIlwraith Claire , Blanchard Christina T. , Szychowski Jeff M. , Kim Dhong-Jin , Jauk Victoria C. , Harper Lorie M. , Casey Brian M. , Tita Alan T. 
Published: March 2022

Objective The random urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) is a screening test used for predicting clinically significant proteinuria (urine protein  ≥ 300 mg) during pregnancy. No consensus exists on the optimal random UPCR cutoff for performing follow-up 24 hour urine (24H) total protein collection. We aim to evaluate the test performance of random UPCR in predicting proteinuria in a contemporary cohort.
Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of pregnant patients at our institution from 2014 to 2018 with a random UPCR and follow-up 24H protein collection. The primary analysis estimated the test characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values) of using random UPCR for the detection of proteinuria defined as urine protein ≥300 mg on 24H protein collection. UPCR cutoffs from 0.10 to 0.30 mg/dL were evaluated, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed, and area under the curve (AUC) was determined. A secondary analysis examined the correlation between UPCR and 24H protein using least squares regression and Pearson correlation.
Results Paired UPCR and 24H collection results were available for 1,120 patients. Mean gestational age at time of UPCR was 31.1 ± 5.1 weeks and 687 (61.3%) of patients had a 24H ≥300 mg. UPCR <0.10 mg/dL effectively excluded proteinuria ≥300 mg on 24H collection, while UPCR ≥0.18 mg/dL correctly classifies proteinuria with 91% sensitivity, 57% specificity, 77% positive predictive value, and 79% negative predictive value. UPCR ≥1.07 mg/dL had 100% specificity for 24 hour proteinuria. The area under ROC curve was 0.86. UPCR and 24H collection were highly correlated with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.85. After our institution lowered the threshold to obtain a 24H from UPCR ≥0.20 mg/dL to ≥0.10 mg/dL in May 2017, the percentage of patients meeting criteria for 24H collection increased from 57.8 to 84.4%.
Conclusion The AUC and Pearson correlation suggest random UPCR is a high performance test for the prediction of proteinuria on 24H. Optimal test performance is dependent upon clinical consideration and upon the implications of the disease or condition. A random UPCR screen positive threshold of 0.18 mg/dL maximizes sensitivity to identify clinically significant proteinuria.
Key Points
Type II Monteggia Lesion with Complete Elbow Dislocation in a Cat
Authors: Schreiber Kevin , Rousseau Thomas , Gauthier Olivier 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA 2-year-old neutered male cat was presented for right forelimb non-weight-bearing lameness. A fracture of the proximal third of the ulna (associated with a caudal radio-humeral and humero-ulnar dislocations and a radio-ulnar dislocation) was radiographically identified, leading to a diagnosis of type II Monteggia lesion with complete elbow joint dislocation. The ulnar fracture was reduced and stabilized using an intramedullary pin. During surgery, the lateral collateral ligament and the annular ligament appeared disrupted. The radio-ulnar dislocation was reduced and stabilized, using a double-loop suture prosthesis passing through the metaphysis of the ulna and around the radial head. The radio-humeral dislocation was reduced and stabilized using a lateral collateral suture prosthesis. No postoperative complications were observed and the patient regained good elbow joint range of motion, with no significant lameness at 8 postoperative months.
Lung Transplantation for Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Koch Achim , Pizanis Nikolaus , Bessa Vasiliki , Herbstreit Frank , Gulbins Erich , Aigner Clemens , Kamler Markus 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background The majority of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection present mild symptoms. However, some patients develop severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and subsequent irreversible lung damage despite extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, leaving lung transplantation the ultimate therapeutically option.
Case Description Here, we report a case of lung transplantation in a 31-year-old male recipient suffering from post-coronavirus disease 2019 respiratory failure with irreversible ARDS after prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy.
Conclusion Patient selection criteria are elucidated. One relevant mechanism for susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 in the respiratory system, the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system might be altered during infection with SARS-CoV-2.
Can Classical Roux-N-Y Gastric Bypass Be Combined with Surgical Emergencies? An Interesting Case Series with Literature Review of Two Patients at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Mohanty Arnab 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWeight-loss surgery is usually recommended to those who walk into our specialist bariatric outpatient department, and intense and often exhaustive counseling, along with a thorough preoperative workup, is undertaken prior to the surgery. All this often fails in the emergent scenario, where the focus shifts to a damage-control mode, and the possibility of a metabolic procedure in this setting, especially one as challenging as gastric bypass, is seldom actively pursued. We discuss two patients presenting to the emergency department with different surgical ailments, but also being obese, with comorbidities, finally undergoing the primary surgeries along with Roux-N-Y gastric bypass, via conventional and laparoscopic methods respectively, with positive immediate outcomes and favorable 1-year excess-body-weight-loss as well. This shows that if patient selection is wise, and adequate expertise is available, gastric bypass can be offered in the emergent scenario as well, with favorable outcomes.
Medical Student Attitudes Toward the Use of Peer Physical Exam for Learning Fundoscopy
Authors: Henick Daniel , Labkovich Margarita , Radell Jake E. , Chopra Nitin , Chadha Nisha 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Peer physical examination learning is commonly practiced in medical schools during preclinical curricula and has been shown to improve empathy for patients. While there is literature regarding medical student attitudes toward peer physical exam learning, no studies to date have specifically examined student attitudes toward fundoscopy and dilation of the eyes for the purposes of learning fundoscopy. This study evaluates medical student preferences with regards to learning fundoscopy on peers and explores attitudes toward alternate approaches.
Methods First year medical students at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai participated in a 2-hour fundoscopy skills workshop in March 2020. Following the session, the authors administered a voluntary survey querying students on attitudes toward peer physical exam learning and its use in learning peer fundoscopy. Primary study endpoints evaluated (1) student attitudes toward the use of peer physical exam learning, (2) learning benefit of the session, including student comfort with conducting the fundoscopy exam, and (3) empathy toward patients experiencing dilation. Secondary endpoints focused on alternative teaching methods and preferences for nonmydriatic fundoscopy. Analysis of survey data was performed using nonparametric Spearman's correlations, chi-square tests, t-tests, and Mann–Whitney U tests.
Results A total of 51/138 (37%) students completed the survey, with 78% indicating they felt peer physical exam learning was a helpful instructional method, including for the fundoscopic exam. The session led to improved self-rated fundoscopy skills and empathy for patients. However, when considering learning with dilation versus alternative nonmydriatic techniques, 96% of students indicated a preference for using alternative nonmydriatic techniques.
Conclusion This study found that students' attitudes toward fundoscopy generally aligned with their overall peer physical exam preferences. However, they preferred not using dilation and learning with nonmydriatic fundoscopic techniques. Assessing student learning preferences and incorporating novel instructional tools can help facilitate more successful fundoscopy skills acquisition. These considerations are particularly important in the context of COVID-19 and with advances in teleophthalmology.
Structures of non-classical discontinuities in solutions of hyperbolic systems of equations
Authors: Kulikovskii A. G. , Chugainova A. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Discontinuity structures in solutions of a hyperbolic system of equations are considered. The system of equations has a rather general form and, in particular, can describe the longitudinal and torsional non-linear waves in elastic rods in the simplest setting and also one-dimensional waves in unbounded elastic media. The properties of discontinuities in solutions of these equations have been investigated earlier under the assumption that only the relations following from the conservation laws for the longitudinal momentum and angular momentum about the axis of the rod and the displacement continuity condition hold on the discontinuities. The shock adiabat has been studied. This paper deals with stationary discontinuity structures under the assumption that viscosity is the main governing mechanism inside the structure. Some segments of the shock adiabat are shown to correspond to evolutionary discontinuities without structure. It is also shown that there are special discontinuities on which an additional relation must hold, which arises from the condition that a discontinuity structure exists. The additional relation depends on the processes in the structure. Special discontinuities satisfy evolutionary conditions that differ from the well-known Lax conditions. Conclusions are discussed, which can also be of interest in the case of other systems of hyperbolic equations.
Bibliography: 58 titles.
Sward structure and forage intake rate of elephant grass cv. Napier subjected to strategies of intermittent stocking management
Authors: Geremia Eliana Vera , Paiva Adenilson José , Pereira Lilian Elgalise Techio , Chiavegato Marília Barbosa , da Silva Sila Carneiro 
Published: March 2022

Context Grazing management strategies affect sward structure, changing patterns of foraging and intake, and consequently animal performance. Aims The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sward structure and forage intake rate by cattle grazing elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) cv. Napier subjected to strategies of rotational stocking management. Methods The experiment was conducted in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, from January 2011 to April 2012. Treatments corresponded to all combinations between two post-grazing conditions (post-grazing heights of 35 and 45 cm) and two pre-grazing conditions (95% and maximum canopy light interception during regrowth; LI). The response variables evaluated at both pre- and post-grazing conditions were: (1) vertical distribution of morphological components; (2) bite rate; (3) bite mass; (4) intake rate; and (5) forage nutritive value (morphological and chemical composition of oesophageal extrusa samples). Key results Bite mass was smaller and bite rate was greater for LI95% swards at pre- and post-grazing, resulting in greater rate of forage intake. The post-grazing height targets affected the morphological and the chemical composition of the forage consumed. Conclusions In general, pastures managed with targets LI95% (pre-grazing) and 45 cm (post-grazing height) resulted in greater leaf percentage and nutritive value of the consumed forage. Implications Adequate grazing management strategies allow for high residual leaf area in pastures, ensuring rapid recovery after grazing. For grazing elephant grass cv. Napier, this corresponded to the combination between the LI95% pre-grazing target and the 45 cm post-grazing height.
Traversing TechSex: benefits and risks in digitally mediated sex and relationships
Authors: Power Jennifer , Moor Lily , Anderson Joel , Waling Andrea , James Alexandra , Shackleton Nicole , Farrell Anne-Maree , Agnew Elizabeth , Dowsett Gary W. 
Published: March 2022

Background Digital technologies play a significant role in people’s sexual and intimate lives via smart phones, cameras, dating apps and social media. Although there is a large body of research on the potential risks posed by these technologies, research on benefits and pleasures is limited. Methods This study explored digital sexual practices, including perceptions of risks and benefits among a sample of Australian adults (n = 445). Data were collected in 2020 via an online survey. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were undertaken to identify significant relationships between demographic variables and the use of technologies in relation to perceived risks and benefits. The mean age of participants was 42 years, over half were women (58.5%) and identified as heterosexual (61.1%). Results Findings reveal that use of digital media was common in participants’ sex lives and relationships; 60.3% of participants had viewed pornography online, 34.9% had used dating apps, and 33.9% had sent sexual or naked self-images to another person. Over one in three reported positive outcomes from this: 38.2% felt emotionally connected to their partners due to online communication; 38.0% agreed that digital technologies facilitated closer connections; however, the majority of participants were aware of potential risks associated with online sexual engagement, particularly non-consensual exposure of their sexual or naked images, with women expressing greater concern. Conclusions Policy, legal and educational responses should be based on holistic understanding of digital sexual engagement, acknowledging the ways in which technologies can support sexual relationships while also building people’s knowledge and capacity to manage risks.
O-GlcNAcylation regulates epidermal growth factor receptor intracellular trafficking and signaling
Authors: Wu Liming , Cheng Yaxian , Geng Didi , Fan Zhiya , Lin Bingyi , Zhu Qiang , Li Jingchao , Qin Weijie , Yi Wen 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most important membrane receptors that transduce growth signals into cells to sustain cell growth, proliferation, and survival. EGFR signal termination is initiated by EGFR internalization, followed by trafficking through endosomes, and degradation in lysosomes. How this process is regulated is still poorly understood. Here, we show that hepatocyte growth factor regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (HGS), a key protein in the EGFR trafficking pathway, is dynamically modified by a single sugar N-acetylglucosamine. This modification inhibits EGFR trafficking from endosomes to lysosomes, leading to the accumulation of EGFR and prolonged signaling. This study provides an important insight into diseases with aberrant growth factor signaling, such as cancer, obesity, and diabetes.
Developmentally distinct CD4+Treglineages shape the CD8+T cell response to acuteListeriainfection
Authors: Dolina Joseph S. , Lee Joey , Moore Eugene L. , Hope Jennifer L. , Gracias Donald T. , Matsutani Takaji , Chawla Ashu , Greenbaum Jason A. , Linden Joel , Schoenberger Stephen P. 
Published: March 2022

SignificanceThe CD4+Tregresponse following acuteListeriainfection is heterogeneous and deploys two distinct modes of suppression coinciding with initial pathogen exposure and resolution of infection. This bimodal suppression of CD8+T cells during priming and contraction is mediated by separate Treglineages. These findings make a significant contribution to our understanding of the functional plasticity inherent within Tregs, which allows these cells to serve as a sensitive and dynamic cellular rheostat for the immune system to prevent autoimmune pathology in the face of inflammation attendant to acute infection, enable expansion of the pathogen-specific response needed to control the infection, and reestablish immune homeostasis after the threat has been contained.
Electrochemical 3D printing of Ni–Mn and Ni–Co alloy with FluidFM
Authors: Shen Chunjian , Zhu Zengwei , Zhu Di , van Nisselroy Cathelijn , Zambelli Tomaso , Momotenko Dmitry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Additive manufacturing can realize almost any designed geometry, enabling the fabrication of innovative products for advanced applications. Local electrochemical plating is a powerful approach for additive manufacturing of metal microstructures; however, previously reported data have been mostly obtained with copper, and only a few cases have been reported with other elements. In this study, we assessed the ability of fluidic force microscopy to produce Ni–Mn and Ni–Co alloy structures. Once the optimal deposition potential window was determined, pillars with relatively smooth surfaces were obtained. The printing process was characterized by printing rates in the range of 50–60 nm s−1. Cross-sections exposed by focused ion beam showed highly dense microstructures, while the corresponding face scan with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy spectra revealed a uniform distribution of alloy components.
Formation of Au, Pt, and bimetallic Au–Pt nanostructures from thermal dewetting of single-layer or bilayer thin films
Authors: Bonvicini Stephanie Nicole , Fu Bo , Fulton Alison Joy , Jia Zhitai , Shi Yujun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Formation of Au, Pt, and bimetallic Au–Pt nanostructures by thermal dewetting of single-layer Au, Pt and bilayer Au–Pt thin films on Si substrates was systematically studied. The solid-state dewetting of both single-layer and bilayer metallic films was shown to go through heterogeneous void initiation followed by void growth via capillary agglomeration. For the single-layer of Au and Pt films, the void growth started at a temperature right above the Hüttig temperature, at which the atoms at the surface or at defects become mobile. Uniformly distributed Au (7 ± 1 nm to 33 ± 8 nm) and Pt (7 ± 1 nm) NPs with monodispersed size distributions were produced from complete dewetting achieved for thinner 1.7−5.5 nm thick Au and 1.4 nm thick Pt films, respectively. The NP size is strongly dependent on the initial thin film thickness, but less so on temperature and time. Thermal dewetting of Au–Pt bilayer films resulted in partial dewetting only, forming isolated nano-islands or large particles, regardless of sputtering order and total thin film thickness. The increased resistance to thermal dewetting shown in the Au–Pt bilayer films as compared to the individual Au or Pt layer is a reflection of the stabilizing effect that occurs upon adding Pt to Au in the bimetallic system. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopic analysis showed that the two metals in the bilayer films broke up together instead of dewetting individually. According to the x-ray diffraction analysis, the produced Au–Pt nanostructures are phase-segregated, consisting of an Au-rich phase and a Pt-rich phase.
Hierarchical SnO2 nanoflower sensitized by BNQDs enhances the gas sensing performances to BTEX
Authors: Feng Zhenyu , Wang Shuo , Yin Guangchao , Rajan Ramachandran , Jia Fuchao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, the SnO2 nanoflowers with hierarchical structures sensitized by boron nitride quantum dots (BNQDs) were prepared through a simple hydrothermal method. It was applied for the detection of the BTEX vapors. Further investigation showed that the response value of SnO2 sensitized by different amounts of BNQDs to the BTEX gases have a certain improvement. Especially 10-BNQDs/SnO2 gas sensor exhibited a significant improvement in gas sensing performance and its response values to different BTEX gases was increased up to 2–4 folds compared with the intrinsic SnO2 sensor. In addition, SnO2 nanoflowers based gas sensor showed surprisingly fast response and recovery time for BTEX gases with 1–2 s. That can be attributed to the sensitization of BNQDs and the hierarchical structure of SnO2 nanoflowers, which provided an easy channel for the gas diffusion. An economically viable gas sensor based on BNQDs sensitized SnO2 nanoflowers exhibited a great potential in BTEX gas detection due to the simple synthesis method, environmentally friendly raw materials and excellent gas sensing performance.
Ab initio method of calculating invariant measure for turbulent flow
Authors: Macháček Martin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present a method of calculating the invariant measure (IM) of hydrodynamical systems describing incompressible viscous fluid flow in bounded 3D volume V. Using a basis {
w

I
} of zero-divergence vector functions on V satisfying boundary conditions we transform the Navier–Stokes equations (NSE) for the velocity field
v
(
x
, t) = ∑
I

v

I
(t)
w

I
(
x
) into a simple system of ordinary differential equations for v

I
(t). The fact that fluid consists of a finite number of molecules in thermal motion implies that the number N of variables v

I
is finite too and that the system of equations for v

I
(t) contains a white-noise term. We prove that all solutions of this system are global, the IM exists and is unique. Its density ψ(v) defined on the phase space

R

N

satisfies an elliptic partial differential equation (PDE). Expanding

ψ
(
v
)
=

∑

μ

He

μ

He

μ

(
v
)

φ

ε

(
v
)

into Hermite functions He
μ
(v) φ

ε
(v) (where φ

ε
is a Gaussian function on

R

N

, He
μ
are Hermite polynomials orthonormal with the weight φ

ε
and

He

μ

=
∫

He

μ

(
v
)
ψ
(
v
)

d

N

v

are IM mean values of He
μ
) we transform this PDE into an infinite system of linear algebraic equations for

He

μ

and suggest some methods for solving it numerically. From known first- and second-order

He

μ

we could easily calculate mean turbulent velocity

v
(
x
)

and Reynolds stress at any point
x
. Cylindrical pipe flow is used to illustrate the method everywhere in the paper. All conclusions are derived from the mathematical model by rigorous mathematics, with no further assumptions. All approximations can be arbitrarily improved.