bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interleukin‐6 family in tissues is closely related to the clinical outcomes of oral lichen planus
Authors: Qing Maofeng , Zhou Yu , Peng Jiakuan , Shang Qianhui , Deng Jiaxin , Zeng Xin , Xu Hao , Chen Qianming 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe attempted to investigate the role of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) family expression in local tissues as it relates to presentations and outcomes in oral lichen planus (OLP), which is a common chronic inflammatory oral disease.Materials and MethodsA clinical follow‐up cohort of OLP patients was established, and a biological sample library was constructed with categorization into erosive type (EOLP) and nonerosive type (NEOLP). Transcriptome sequencing of the lesions was then performed. A multiple regression model was used to explore the differences in IL‐6 family expression among patients with different clinical types and clinical outcomes.ResultsOLP tissue transcriptome sequencing showed that IL‐6 family expression in EOLP increased significantly. It was also found that IL‐6 family factors in the OLP recurrent erosion group were significantly increased compared to the persistent nonerosion group. Based on the multiple regression analysis of the OLP clinical cohort, it was found that the increased expression of the IL‐6 family was closely related to the clinical types and clinical outcomes of OLP.ConclusionThe high expression of the IL‐6 family is closely related to the erosion of local mucosa and poor prognosis of OLP patients. IL‐6‐related factors may be used as therapeutic targets for OLP patients.
Rapid structural evolution of Dendrobium mitogenomes and mito‐nuclear phylogeny discordances in Dendrobium (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Wang Meng‐Ting , Hou Zhen‐Yu , Li Chao , Yang Jia‐Peng , Niu Zhi‐Tao , Xue Qing‐Yun , Liu Wei , Ding Xiao‐Yu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractReconstructing mitochondrial genomes of angiosperms is extremely intricate due to frequent recombinations which give rise to varied sized in Dendrobium mitogenomes and their structural variations, even in most orchid species. In this study, we first sequenced two complete and five draft mitochondrial genomes of Dendrobium using next‐generation and third‐generation sequencing technologies. The mitochondrial genomes were 420 538–689 048 bp long, showing multipartite (multichromosomal) structures that consisted of variably sized circular or linear‐mapping isoforms (chromosomes). The comparison of mitochondrial genomes showed frequent gene losses in Dendrobium species. To explore structure variations of mitochondrial genomes in vivo, we quantified copy numbers of five mitochondrial genes and DNA contents per mitochondrion. The gene copy numbers and the DNA contents showed extreme differences during Dendrobium development, suggesting dynamic structures of mitochondrial genomes. Furthermore, phylogenetic relationships of 97 accessions from 39 Dendrobium species were constructed based on 12 nuclear single‐copy genes and 15 mitochondrial genes. We discovered obvious discordance between the nuclear and mitochondrial trees. Reticulate evolution was inferred from the species network analysis in Dendrobium. Our findings revealed the rapid structural evolution of Dendrobium mitochondrial genomes and the existence of hybridization events in Dendrobium species, which provided new insights into in vivo structural variations of plant mitochondrial genomes and the strong potential of mitochondrial genes in deciphering plant evolution history.
Myostatin in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: Serum assessment and disease activity
Authors: Mahoudeau Alexandrine , Anquetil Céline , Tawara Nozomu , Khademian Hossein , Amelin Damien , Bolko Loïs , Silvestro Marco , Cin Julian Dal , Tendrel Bérénice , Tardif Virginie , Mariampillai Kubéraka , Butler‐Browne Gillian , Benveniste Olivier , Allenbach Yves 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsIn idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), disease activity is difficult to assess, and IIM may induce severe muscle damage, especially in immune‐mediated necrotising myopathies (IMNM) and inclusion body myositis (IBM). We hypothesise that myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle mass, could be a new biomarker of disease activity and/or muscle damage.MethodsProspective assessment of myostatin protein level in 447 IIM serum samples (dermatomyositis [DM], n = 157; IBM, n = 72; IMNM, n = 125; and antisynthetase syndrome [ASyS], n = 93) and 59 healthy donors (HD) was performed by ELISA. A gene transcript analysis was also carried out on 18 IIM muscle biopsies and six controls to analyse myostatin and myostatin pathway‐related gene expression.ResultsIIM patients had lower myostatin circulating protein levels and gene expression compared to HD (2379 [1490; 3678] pg/ml vs 4281 [3169; 5787] pg/ml; p < 0.0001 and log2FC = −1.83; p = 0.0005, respectively). Myostatin‐related gene expression varied accordingly. Based on the Physician Global Assessment, inactive IIM patients showed higher myostatin levels than active ones. This was the case for all IIM subgroups, except IMNM where low myostatin levels were maintained (2186 [1235; 3815] vs 2349 [1518; 3922] pg/ml; p = 0.4).ConclusionsMyostatin protein and RNA levels are decreased in all IIM patients, and protein levels correlate with disease activity. Inactive ASyS and DM patients have higher myostatin levels than active patients. Myostatin could be a marker of disease activity in these subgroups. However, IMNM patients do not have significant increase in myostatin levels after disease remission. This may highlight a new pathological disease mechanism in IMNM patients.
Placebo response in pharmacological trials in patients with functional dyspepsia—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bosman Michelle , Smeets Fabiënne , Elsenbruch Sigrid , Tack Jan , Simrén Magnus , Talley Nicholas , Winkens Bjorn , Masclee Ad , Keszthelyi Daniel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPharmacological trials in functional dyspepsia (FD) are associated with high placebo response rates. We aimed to identify the magnitude and contributing factors to the placebo response.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a dichotomous outcome in adult patients with FD that compared an active pharmacotherapeutic treatment with placebo. Our main outcome was identification of the magnitude of the pooled placebo response rate for the following endpoints: symptom responder, symptom‐free responder, adequate relief responder, and combined endpoint responder (i.e., the primary endpoint of each specific trial regarding treatment response). Several putative moderators (i.e., patient, disease, and trial characteristics) were examined.Key ResultsWe included 26 RCTs in our analysis. The pooled placebo response rate was 39.6% (95% CI 30.1–50.0) using the symptom responder definition, 20.5% (12.8–31.0) using the symptom‐free responder definition, 38.5% (33.8–43.6) using the adequate relief responder definition, and 35.5% (31.6–39.7) using the combined endpoint responder definition. A lower overall baseline symptom score was significantly associated with a higher placebo response rate. No other moderators were found to significantly impact the placebo response rate. Due to the lack of data, no analyses could be performed according to individual FD subtypes or symptoms.Conclusions and InferencesThe pooled placebo response rate in pharmacological trials in FD is about 39%, depending on which responder definitions is used. Future trials should consider applying an entry criterion based on minimal level of symptom severity to decrease the placebo response. We also suggest separate reporting of core FD symptoms pending more concrete harmonization efforts in FD trials.
Older patients' perceptions of the quality of acute cancer care: An integrative review—A mixed‐method approach
Authors: Launonen Minna , Vehviläinen‐Julkunen Katri , Mattila Laura , Savela Roosa‐Maria , Kvist Tarja 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimThis integrative review aimed to describe the perceptions of the quality of care of older patients (aged 65 and above) living with cancer in acute‐care settings.MethodsWe identified relevant research suitable for inclusion criteria through systematic searches of the PubMed®, EBSCOhost Academic Search Premier®, Scopus® and Web of Science® databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) framework and the Synthesis Without Meta‐analysis (SWiM) guidelines were used to conduct the research and report the results. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the modified Critical Skills Appraisal Programme (CASP) checklist.ResultsA total of 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. The data analysis revealed that care quality could be described through three distinct themes: individuality, a sense of security and respectful encounters.ConclusionThe perceptions of older people living with cancer regarding the quality of acute care have not been extensively covered in the literature. Health‐ and age‐related challenges, patients' overall life situation, clear, realistic information about care and the future and respect during encounters should be given attention.Implications for practicePatient‐centred and tailored care, considering the heterogeneity of the population and support for independence, is needed.
Comparative analysis of growth, physiological and transcriptomic response revealed mechanisms of waterlogging tolerance of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum var. conoides)
Authors: Guo Hao , Tian Hao , Wang Yiqin , Xiong Xingwei , Tian Huaizhi , Zhang Suqin , Geng Guangdong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWaterlogging‐sensitive (‘ZHC1’) and waterlogging‐tolerant (‘ZHC2’) hot peppers were selected from three years of field investigation. ‘ZHC2’ could keep growing under waterlogging conditions, its lateral roots were distributed near the water surface, and its stem base grew many adventitious roots and rapidly formed aerenchyma. The chlorophyll content was stable, and the contents of carotenoid and amino acid were significantly greater in ‘ZHC2’ than in ‘ZHC1’ under both waterlogging stress and recovery conditions. However, waterlogging stress led to in‐root decay and a significant increase in malondialdehyde content of ‘ZHC1’. Using transcriptome analysis, we correlated the functions of many waterlogging‐responsive differentially expressed genes closely with the pathways for reactive oxygen species production, lutein synthesis, auxin signal transduction, and amino acid synthesis, which were consistent with the above growth and physiological data (adventitious root formation and the contents of malondialdehyde, carotenoids and amino acids). Some novel candidate genes related to waterlogging tolerance were also detected. This work provides new insights into waterlogging‐tolerant mechanisms and valuable clues for breeding of waterlogging‐tolerant peppers.
Prognostic factors, psychomotor development and life of trisomy 13 patients
Authors: Yamagishi Hirokazu , Osaka Hitoshi , Monden Yukifumi , Kono Yumi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundInfants with trisomy 13 have a very high mortality rate. However, aggressive interventions for their complications, can improve their prognosis and may, thereby, increase the number of long‐term survivors with trisomy 13. To date, there is no study on the psychomotor developmental progress of patients with trisomy 13. We conducted this survey to clarify the prognostic factors, living circumstances, and developmental status of infants the trisomy 13.MethodsPatients with trisomy 13 who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University Hospital were enrolled. Their clinical data were investigated retrospectively using clinical records.ResultsNine patients with trisomy 13 were enrolled and divided into the early death (died at <1 year) and long‐term survival (survived for >1 year) groups. All the early death group patients had severe congenital heart disease. Heart failure at under 1 year of age was associated with early death. All the long‐term survival group patients underwent operations (e.g. tracheostomy or gastrostomy) and all used home nursing and/or a social care service. Three patients used home mechanical ventilation. None of the patients was able to stand alone or speak intelligible words. Two patients without severe brain anomalies were able to roll over, sit up, and smile by 3 years of age.ConclusionsLong‐term survivors with trisomy 13 require extensive nursing and medical care. It is important to provide medical and welfare services to reduce the burden on families. In patients without severe brain anomalies, psychomotor development may be expected. However, no clear developmental prognostic factors were found.
Effect of age and rural residency on perceptions about SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic and vaccination in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Singh Gurmukteshwar , DeWalle Joseph , Tanriover Bekir , Singh Neeraj , Chang Alex R. , Anand Prince M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundTransplant patients have poor outcomes in coronavirus‐disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The pandemic's effects on rural patients’ overall care experience, attitudes to telemedicine, and vaccination are poorly understood.MethodsWe administered a cross‐sectional survey to adult kidney transplant recipients in central Pennsylvania across four clinical sites between March 29, 2021 and June 2, 2021. We assessed the pandemic's impact on care access, telemedicine experience, attitudes toward preventive measures, vaccination, and variation by sociodemographic variables.ResultsSurvey completion rate was 51% (303/594). Of these, 52.8% were rural residents. The most common impact was use of telemedicine (79.2%). Predominant barriers to telemedicine were lack of video devices (10.9%), perceived complexity (5.6%), and technical issues (5.3%). On a 0–10 Likert scale, the mean positive impression for telemedicine was 7.7; lower for patients with telephone‐only versus video visits (7.0 vs. 8.2; p < .001), and age ≥60 years (7.4 vs. 8.1; p = .01) on univariate analyses. Time/travel savings were commonly identified (115/241, 47.7%) best parts of telemedicine and lack of personal connection (70/166, 42.2%) the worst. Only 68.9% had received any dose of COVID vaccination. The vaccinated group members were older (58.4 vs. 53.5 years; p = .007), and less likely rural (47.8% vs. 65.2%; p = .005). Common themes associated with vaccine hesitancy included concerns about safety (27/59, 46%), perceived lack of data (19/59, 32%), and distrust (17/59, 29%). At least one misconception about the vaccines or COVID‐19 was quoted by 29% of vaccine‐hesitant patients.ConclusionsAmong respondents, the pandemic significantly impacted healthcare experience, especially in older patients in underserved communities. COVID‐19 vaccination rate was relatively low, driven by misconceptions and lack of trust.
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A Walking Claw for Tethered Object Retrieval
Authors: Gong Yifeng , Behr Alexander M. , Graf Nicole M. , Chen Kaiyi , Gong Zhili , Daltorio Kathryn A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mobility and manipulation are often considered separately, with independent degrees-of-freedom (DOF) for each. However, here we show that using the legs for both walking and grasping increases the versatility of both tasks. Our robot has four DOF: drive and lift for left and right pairs of legs. The legs use a reduced actuation Klann mechanism. The lift DOF rotates the entire trajectory of the legs, which enables gait modulation, climbing, and grasping. This demonstrates the feasibility of a novel operational concept: a robot that can approach, climb onto, and securely grasp an object that can then be lifted via a load-bearing tether. Specifically, we show the kinematics to enable small robots to climb onto rectangular objects up to 67% robot height and grasp objects between 43% and 72% of the robot’s length. With these kinematics, a robot can be scaled for specific terrains and object sizes, with potential application in construction, search and rescue, and object retrieval.
Evaluation of Two Thigh-Worn Accelerometer Brands in Laboratory and Free-Living Settings
Authors: Montoye Alexander H.K. , Coolman Olivia , Keyes Amberly , Ready Megan , Shelton Jaedyn , Willett Ethan , Rider Brian C. 
Published: September 2022

Background: Given the popularity of thigh-worn accelerometers, it is important to understand their reliability and validity. Purpose: Our study evaluated laboratory validity and free-living intermonitor reliability of the Fibion monitor and free-living intermonitor reliability of the activPAL monitor. Free-living comparability of the Fibion and activPAL monitors was also assessed. Methods: Nineteen adult participants wore Fibion monitors on both thighs while performing 11 activities in a laboratory setting. Then, participants wore Fibion and activPAL monitors on both thighs for 3 days during waking hours. Accuracy of the Fibion monitor was determined for recognizing lying/sitting, standing, slow walking, fast walking, jogging, and cycling. For the 3-day free-living wear, outputs from the Fibion monitors were compared, with similar analyses conducted for the activPAL monitors. Finally, free-living comparability of the Fibion and activPAL monitors was determined for nonwear, sitting, standing, stepping, and cycling. Results: The Fibion monitor had an overall accuracy of 85%–89%, with high accuracy (94%–100%) for detecting prone and supine lying, sitting, and standing but some misclassification among ambulatory activities and for left-/right-side lying with standing. Intermonitor reliability was similar for the Fibion and activPAL monitors, with best reliability for sitting but poorer reliability for activities performed least often (e.g., cycling). The Fibion and activPAL monitors were not equivalent for most tested metrics. Conclusion: The Fibion monitor appears suitable for assessment of sedentary and nonsedentary waking postures, and the Fibion and activPAL monitors have comparable intermonitor reliability. However, studies using thigh-worn monitors should use the same monitor brand worn on the same leg to optimize reliability.
RoboCap: Robotic mucus-clearing capsule for enhanced drug delivery in the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Srinivasan Shriya S. , Alshareef Amro , Hwang Alexandria V. , Kang Ziliang , Kuosmanen Johannes , Ishida Keiko , Jenkins Joshua , Liu Sabrina , Madani Wiam Abdalla Mohammed , Lennerz Jochen , Hayward Alison , Morimoto Josh , Fitzgerald Nina , Langer Robert , Traverso Giovanni 
Published: September 2022

Oral drug delivery of proteins is limited by the degradative environment of the gastrointestinal tract and poor absorption, requiring parenteral administration of these drugs. Luminal mucus represents the initial steric and dynamic barrier to absorption. To overcome this barrier, we report the development of the RoboCap, an orally ingestible, robotic drug delivery capsule that locally clears the mucus layer, enhances luminal mixing, and topically deposits the drug payload in the small intestine to enhance drug absorption. RoboCap’s mucus-clearing and churning movements are facilitated by an internal motor and by surface features that interact with small intestinal plicae circulares, villi, and mucus. Vancomycin (1.4 kilodaltons of glycopeptide) and insulin (5.8 kilodaltons of peptide) delivery mediated by RoboCap resulted in enhanced bioavailability 20- to 40-fold greater in ex vivo and in vivo swine models when compared with standard oral delivery (
P
< 0.05). Further, insulin delivery via the RoboCap resulted in therapeutic hypoglycemia, supporting its potential to facilitate oral delivery of drugs that are normally precluded by absorption limitations.
Porosity in mudstones and its effectiveness for sealing carbon capture and storage sites
Authors: AlNajdi Nourah , Worden Richard H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Mudstones represent top-seals for many carbon capture sites as they tend to have the correct petrophysical properties, including suitable porosity and pore-size distribution. The pore network of mudstones is thus pivotal for many carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects. The key to understanding the effectiveness of top-seals is an appreciation of the controls on the pore network. For this reason, schemes to classify pore body size, pore type and pore throat size are presented. Pore types include primary and secondary interparticle and intraparticle pores and pores associated with organic matter and fractures. The most relevant mudstone pore body sizes for CCS top seals are likely to be between <62 µm and 1 nm. Pore throat sizes are classified as nano- (<10 nm), transition- (10 nm–0.1 µm), meso- (0.1–0.625 µm), and macro-pore throats (>0.625 µm). Petrophysical, geochemical, and geomechanical properties control porosity and the CO
2
sealing integrity of mudstones; these properties are, in turn, controlled by the rate and extent of compaction, mineral diagenesis and overpressure. The success of a CCS top-seal relies on pore throats in intact top-seal being sufficiently small, and fracture pressure (typically minimum horizontal stress,
σ
hmin
) not being exceeded by CO
2
pressure. CO
2
sorption, especially by smectite in top-seals, may improve the nanoscale sealing efficiency of clay minerals. The systematic workflow presented here will help facilitate the new drive to understand mudstone properties, as they are essential for establishing safe and durable CO
2
containment.
Doxorubicin-Loaded Polymeric Meshes Prevent Local Recurrence after Sarcoma Resection While Avoiding Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Bressler Eric M. , Chu Ngoc-Quynh , Sabatelle Robert C. , Mahvi David A. , Korunes-Miller Jenny T. , Nagashima Fumiaki , Ichinose Fumito , Liu Rong , Grinstaff Mark W. , Colson Yolonda L. , Raut Chandrajit P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Surgery is the only potentially curative treatment for localized soft-tissue sarcomas. However, for sarcomas arising in the retroperitoneum, locoregional recurrence rates are 35% to 59% despite resection. Doxorubicin (DOX) is the standard first-line systemic chemotherapy for advanced soft-tissue sarcoma, yet its intravenous administration yields limited clinical efficacy and results in dose-limiting cardiotoxicity. We report the fabrication and optimization of a novel electrospun poly(caprolactone) (PCL) surgical mesh coated with layers of a hydrophobic polymer (poly(glycerol monostearate-co-caprolactone), PGC-C18), which delivers DOX directly to the operative bed following sarcoma resection. In xenograft models of liposarcoma and chondrosarcoma, DOX-loaded meshes (DoM) increased overall survival 4-fold compared with systemically administered DOX and prevented local recurrence in all but one animal. Importantly, mice implanted with DoMs exhibited preserved cardiac function, whereas mice receiving an equivalent dose systemically displayed a 23% decrease from baseline in both cardiac output and ejection fraction 20 days after administration. Collectively, this work demonstrates a feasible therapeutic approach to simultaneously prevent post-surgical tumor recurrence and minimize cardiotoxicity in soft-tissue sarcoma.

Significance:
A proof-of-principle study in animal models shows that a novel local drug delivery approach can prevent tumor recurrence as well as drug-related adverse events following surgical resection of soft-tissue sarcomas.