bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-term association of PM2.5/PM10 on lung cancer mortality in Wuhai city, China (2015–2019): a time series analysis
Authors: Liu Ying , Liu Changhai , Song Yang , Zhao Jing , Gao Yumin , Zhao Lingyan , Cao Ning , Xu Danni , Li Hongwei , Li Hailing 
Published: June 2022

Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between short-term fine particulate matter (PM2.5)/inhalable particulate matter (PM10) exposure and lung cancer mortality.

Method
From 2015 to 2019, data concerning air pollution, meteorology, and deaths were obtained in Wuhai, China. The association between PM2.5/PM10 and lung cancer mortality was investigated using time series analysis.

Result
According to the single-pollutant model, a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5/PM10 was associated with an excess risk of 7.95% (95% CI, 2.22–13.95%), and 2.44% (95% CI, 0.32–4.62%), respectively (P < 0.05). PM2.5/PM10 had a stronger impact on men and the elderly (>65 years old). Particulate matter had a larger influence on lung cancer mortality during the warm season than the cold season. Furthermore, except for PM2.5 and PM10, the two-pollution model indicated that the other models were statistically significant. The study’s single and dual pollutant models were both relatively robust.

Conclusion
Short-term exposure to PM2.5/PM10 was correlated with a higher risk of lung cancer death in Wuhai, particularly among men and the elderly (>65 years old). Exposure to PM2.5/PM10 really does have a bigger effect on the population during the warm season. Moreover, it is essential that health administration departments should strengthen their regulatory mechanisms for particulate emissions and take the responsibility for safeguarding the vulnerable populations.
The Rural Perspective: Wisconsin Hospitals Share Workforce Solutions
Authors: Preston Jo Anne 
Published: June 2022

Summary
The healthcare workforce crisis is daunting, and there are no quick fixes. However, intentional actions—taken one step at a time and skillfully led—can keep healthcare organizations moving forward to face the challenge. Six members of the Rural Wisconsin Health Cooperative, a 45-hospital collaborative network, are taking a strategic approach to meet the crisis head-on. This article shares their best ideas, along with supporting leadership tips, to address three questions:
How Healthcare Can Find Its Way Through the Workforce Crisis
Authors: Moreland Tresha D. 
Published: June 2022

Summary
“Using a blindfold, I want you to find your way to the front door of the school building,” our elementary schoolteacher instructed. This was to teach us what it would be like to live without vision. We lined up on one side of the schoolyard and took turns when the teacher called our name. I watched as my fellow students, one by one, wandered about, never getting close to the school's front door. They eventually were guided along by other teachers. Then came my turn.
As I pulled the blindfold over my eyes, I noticed it was windy. I could hear the flag snap in the wind. Recalling that the flagpole was only a few feet away from the door, I followed the sound the flag made. As soon as I touched the flagpole, I turned and walked directly to the door, and excitedly grasped the handle. Our teacher approached me, astonished. “Tresha, how did you do it? How did you find the door so quickly?” he asked. “It was as if you could see.” I explained that I used my ears instead of my eyes. In effect, I reimagined my approach.
Today, healthcare leaders must reimagine their approach to navigating workforce shortages. Indeed, many methods used prior to the pandemic seem ineffective now. Relying on policymakers or education institutions and simply investing more money in the same solutions may not yield the desired turnaround. Increasing sign-on bonuses may entice potential candidates, but it cannot stem the tide of the Great Resignation.
I will describe three workforce practices that have rapidly become ineffective over the duration of the pandemic, then explore ways to rethink the practice and develop a new approach to navigating the workforce shortage.
Moving Past Business as Usual to Meet Future Hospital Staffing Needs
Authors: Stromstad Darlene 
Published: June 2022

Summary
Workforce shortages, a dark reality for healthcare organizations even before the arrival of COVID-19, are being exacerbated by the persistent side effects of the pandemic. Burnout, more retirements, opposition to vaccination mandates, and intense competition from other industries are adding to the challenge. Those factors are keenly felt by hospitals and healthcare systems that are located beyond better-resourced major metropolitan areas. Many years will be required to resolve staffing shortfalls, and that work must begin now.
Mohawk Valley Health System (MVHS) is making some noteworthy responses to the healthcare workforce crisis in the Utica, New York, area. Employing a mix of deep appreciation for workers' personal and professional needs—backed by additional financial investment and development of a diverse talent pipeline— MVHS leadership is working to ensure that it will be able to safely deliver care to patients in its communities now and for years to come.
Comparison of 2 Methods of Debriefing for Learning of Interprofessional Handoff Skills
Authors: Ronnebaum Julie , Jie Chunfa , Salazar Kristina 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
Interprofessional (IP) handoff communication is imperative for patient safety in high-risk environments. Debriefing is an essential component of the learning process of this skill. Currently, one method of debriefing has not proven more effective than another. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare 2 forms of debriefing (face-to-face [F2F] debriefing vs computerized personal reflection) on learning and retention of IP handoff communication.

Methods:
Fifty-two (n = 52) third-year doctor of physical therapy students completed IP simulated experiences, followed by debriefing. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: (a) F2F debriefing (n = 26) and (b) computerized personal reflection (n = 26). Observed IP handoff communication behaviors were measured with an assessment tool.

Results:
Overall IP handoff skills improved from pre- to posttest scores (P < .05). The F2F debriefing demonstrated greater improvement in the delivery of communication and content skills (P < .05) than computerized personal reflection debriefing.

Conclusion:
The F2F debriefing should be included in the training of current and future physical therapists.
Immediate and Long-Term Effects of a Computerized Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy on Cognitive Function in People Living with HIV in Iran: A Single-Blind Two-Arm Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Etesami Maede Sadat , Saboury Nadia , Mohraz Minoo , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad , Jones Deborah L. , Vance David E. , Habibi Asgarabad Mojtaba 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Up to 50% of people with HIV (PWH) experience neurocognitive impairments (NCIs) that can interfere with everyday functioning and reduce quality of life. To address this problem, this study examined the immediate and long-term efficacy of computerized cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CCRT) on cognitive function in PWH in Tehran, Iran. Thirty PWH with NCI engaged in 24 biweekly 90-min CCRT sessions. A control group of 30 PWH and NCI received treatment-as-usual, but no CCRT. The cognitive rehabilitation protocol focused on attention, visual memory, nonverbal learning, and planning. Pretest, posttest, and follow-up cognitive measurements showed that the designed CCRT protocol was effective in improving performance in selected cognitive domains along with the global neurocognitive performance scores of PWH. These findings suggest that this CCRT protocol be considered as part of a treatment plan to address cognitive impairment for PWH. Implications for clinical practice and research are provided.
Optimizing the Pulvertaft Weave Technique: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Comparative Biomechanical Studies
Authors: Graham Emily M. , Oliver Jeremie , Hendrycks Russell , Mendenhall Shaun D. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
The Pulvertaft weave continues as a staple technique for tendon coaptations. Many have proposed minor alterations to the original technique to improve its strength, although a lack of consensus exists. The authors’ aim was to explore how the number of weaves and suture characteristics contribute to the overall strength of the coaptation.

Methods:
A comprehensive electronic search was conducted using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases. Criteria for inclusion consisted of cadaveric human or animal biomechanical studies evaluating ultimate failure load (in newtons) and the number of weaves, suture characteristics, tendon source, and number of coaptations. Weaves with minimum averages of 75 N were deemed successful, and those with greater than 120 N were considered high performing.

Results:
A total of 347 tendon coaptations from 15 studies met inclusion criteria. Average strength by number of weaves was 36.4 N (n = 52) for one weave, 54.2 N (n = 58) for two weaves, 115.9 N (n = 174) for three weaves, and 81.7 N (n = 63) for four weaves. Statistical differences were observed between one and two weaves (p < 0.0001); two and three weaves (p < 0.0001); three and four weaves (p < 0.003); and two and four weaves (p < 0.0001). High-performing tendon transfers used three weaves, 3-0 or 4-0 braided sutures, and figure-of-eight or mattress core sutures.

Conclusions:
Contrary to the current dogma of “the more the better,” the authors’ findings show that Pulvertaft weave strength is optimized when three weaves are used to combine donor and recipient tendons. Braided sutures with either figure-of-eight or mattress sutures were associated with the highest strength of repair.
Which Tendon Plasty Has the Best Outcome? A Comparison of Four Tendon Plasty Techniques in a Large Cohort of Patients with Symptomatic Trapeziometacarpal Osteoarthritis
Authors: Hoogendam Lisa , Bink Thijs , de Lange Jurriaan , Selles Ruud W. , Colaris Joost W. , Zuidam J. Michiel , Hovius Steven E. R. , van der Heijden Brigitte 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis is commonly treated with a trapeziectomy combined with a form of tendon plasty. The type of tendon plasty used is based on the surgeon’s preference. The purpose of this observational study was to compare the outcomes of four different tendon plasties combined with trapeziectomy used to treat osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint: the Weilby, Burton-Pellegrini, Zancolli, and anchovy plasty procedures.

Methods:
Patients treated with a trapeziectomy followed by a tendon plasty completed patient-reported outcome measures at baseline and 12 months postoperatively. The primary outcome was the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire pain subscale. Secondary outcomes were the minimal clinically important difference of Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire pain scale score, Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire hand function, satisfaction, and complication rate.

Results:
Seven hundred ninety-three patients underwent a trapeziectomy with a tendon plasty between November of 2013 and December of 2018. There was no difference in pain score after 12 months between the four tendon plasty techniques. Patients undergoing an anchovy plasty had a higher chance of reaching the minimal clinically important difference for Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire pain score compared to the other techniques (OR, 2.3; 95 percent CI, 1.2 to 4.6). Overall, more than 80 percent of the patients were satisfied with the treatment outcome, independent of which technique was used. Complication rates of the different techniques were similar.

Conclusions:
Surgical treatment of osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint reduced pain after 12 months, independent of which tendon plasty was used. Patients undergoing an anchovy plasty were more likely to experience a clinically relevant improvement in pain while having similar hand function, satisfaction, and complication rates. This suggests that anchovy plasty is the preferred tendon plasty.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Initial Experience with the PONTiS Tendon Repair System in Traumatic Upper Extremity Injuries
Authors: Maxwell Daniel W. , Desai Karan A. , Fang Robert C. , Cheng Angela , Payne Diane E. S. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Tendon injuries of the upper extremity remain a common surgical condition requiring prompt intervention. The authors review their initial experience with the PONTiS flexor tendon repair system, a knotless, multifilament, stainless steel crimp system.

Methods:
Consecutive patients undergoing repair by plastic and orthopedic surgeons with the PONTiS system were reviewed for the period from 2015 to 2017. Multivariate risk and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were performed to assess risk factors associated with complications.

Results:
Eighty-one patients, with a mean follow-up of 75 days (range, 0 to 33 months), were identified. The most common demographics showed patients were right-handed (82.9 percent), male (71.4 percent), and laborers (35.7 percent) and sustained laceration injuries (77.1 percent) at zone 2 (27.2 percent). There were, on average, 3.7 tendon injuries per patient. Associated injuries included fractures (21.4 percent), arterial injuries (24.3 percent), and nerve injuries (61.4 percent). Thirteen patients (16.0 percent) developed complications, including adhesions/contracture (n = 4), rupture (n = 2), flap ischemia (n = 2), arterial thrombosis (n = 1), wound dehiscence (n = 1), tendon lag (n = 1), and erosion of the PONTiS system through soft-tissue grafts (n = 2). Multivariate analysis identified poor soft-tissue coverage (OR, 9.990; p = 0.043) and zone 2 involvement (OR, 7.936; p = 0.016) as risk factors, while epitendinous repairs (OR, 0.096; p = 0.010) were protective against complications.

Conclusions:
The PONTiS flexor tendon repair system is rapid, simple to deploy, and advantageous, especially in multiple traumatic tendon injuries. In comparison to traditional suture repair, it has a comparable overall complication profile but superior rupture and tenolysis rates. The authors advise using it with caution in cases with poor soft-tissue coverage to minimize risks of extrusion, and they strongly recommend the use of epitendinous sutures concurrently to limit complications.
Optic Nerve Atrophy in Syndromic Craniosynostosis
Authors: Fearon Jeffrey A. , Barrientos Stephan , Ditthakasem Kanlaya , Herbert Morley 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Numerous children born with syndromic craniosynostosis will develop visual impairments. Based on the hypothesis that elevations in intracranial pressure might have greater impacts on vision than development, this review sought to ascertain the prevalence of optic nerve atrophy in syndromic craniosynostosis and to look for potential predictive factors.

Methods:
The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of all children with syndromic craniosynostosis treated at a single center.

Results:
Of 442 patients with syndromic craniosynostosis, complete ophthalmologic records were available for 253. Although no instances of optic nerve atrophy were noted among those with Saethre-Chotzen or Muenke syndromes, an overall 14.7 percent prevalence was noted among those with Apert (7.8 percent), Crouzon (27.9 percent), and Pfeiffer syndromes (23.1 percent), with initial diagnoses occurring at a mean age of 10 years. The presence of a Chiari malformation was found to significantly correlate with the subsequent diagnosis of optic nerve atrophy (OR, 3.544; p = 0.002); however, the timing of the first cranial vault procedure, presence of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, degree of brachycephaly, number of vault expansions, and diagnosis of sleep apnea, did not show significant associations.

Conclusions:
A substantial percentage of children with Apert, Crouzon, and Pfeiffer syndromes were found to develop optic nerve atrophy, with a prevalence likely to trend higher with longer follow-up. Chiari malformations were the only significant potential predictor for optic nerve atrophy. With the goal of preventing visual losses, more frequent monitoring for raised intracranial pressure with ophthalmologic evaluations and magnetic resonance imaging measurements of optic nerve sheath diameters should be considered.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, III.
The effect of strict lockdown on Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant transmission in Shanghai
Authors: Yang Haibo , Nie Hao , Zhou Dewei , Wang Yujia , Zuo Wei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundOmicron, the current SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern, is much more contagious than other previous variants. Whether strict lockdown could effectively curb the transmission of Omicron is largely unknown.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we compared the strictness of government lockdown policies in Shanghai and some countries. Based on the daily Omicron case number from March 1st 2022 to April 30th 2022, the effective reproductive numbers in this Shanghai Omicron wave were calculated to confirm the impact of strict lockdown on Omicron transmission. Pearson correlation was conducted to illustrate the determining factor of strict lockdown outcomes in the 16 different districts of Shanghai.ResultsAfter very strict citywide lockdown since April 1st, the average daily effective reproductive number reduced significantly, indicating that strict lockdown could slow down the spreading of Omicron. Omicron control is more challenging in districts with higher population mobility and lockdown is more likely to decrease the number of asymptomatic carrier than the symptomatic cases.ConclusionsThe strict lockdown could curb the transmission of Omicron effectively, especially for the asymptomatic spread. And urban city with extensive personnel movement is suggested to adopt this lockdown strategy at early stage to maximally control the virus transmission.
Genome sequencing and transcriptome profiling in twins discordant for Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome
Authors: Buchert Rebecca , Schenk Elisabeth , Hentrich Thomas , Weber Nico , Rall Katharina , Sturm Marc , Kohlbacher Oliver , Koch André , Rieß Olaf , Brucker Sara Y. , Schulze-Hentrich Julia M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveMayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKH) is a rare congenital disease manifesting with aplasia or severe hypoplasia of uterine structures. Even though extensive studies have been performed, for the majority of cases the etiology remains unclear. In this study, we sought to identify genetic causes in discordant monozygotic (MZ) twins using genome sequencing of blood of both twins as well as uterine tissue of the affected twin. In addition, we profiled the endometrial transcriptome of affected twins to compare perturbations with those of sporadic MRKH cases.ResultsFirst, analyzing the data under the assumption that a variant solely identified in the affected twin or affected tissue could cause the phenotype, we identified a mosaic variant in ACTR3B with a high allele frequency in affected tissue, a low allele frequency in blood of the affected twin and almost absent in the blood of the unaffected twin. Since ACTR3B has not been reported for genitourinary anomalies before, clinical relevance of the variant needs to be clarified.Second, examining the data for candidate genes previously implied in MRKH, we detected a pathogenic variant in GREB1L in one twin pair and their unaffected mother showing a reduced phenotypic penetrance. Furthermore, two variants of unknown clinical significance in PAX8 and WNT9B were identified. Analysis for copy number and structural variants revealed no discordant variants in the twins or variants in candidate genes or regions.Third, we conducted transcriptome analysis of affected tissue and observed widespread perturbations largely similar to those in sporadic MRKH cases. These shared transcriptional changes were enriched for terms associated with estrogen and its receptors pointing at a key role of estrogen in MRKH pathology.ConclusionOur study on genome sequencing of blood and uterine tissue of discordant twins is the most extensive study performed on twins discordant for MRKH so far. Nevertheless, no clear pathogenic differences in the twins or between blood and tissue samples were detected. This points towards a more complex etiology of MRKH less dependent on genetic differences and more determined by epigenetic changes or environmental factors. Our transcriptome data showed a clear overlap with gene expression data of sporadic MRKH cases, indicating that the etiology for MRKH in discordant twins and sporadic cases is largely similar.
Language Models Learn Sentiment and Substance from 11,000 Psychoactive Experiences
Authors: Friedman Sam Freesun , Ballentine Galen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWith novel hallucinogens poised to enter psychiatry, we lack a unified framework for quantifying which changes in consciousness are optimal for treatment. Using transformers (i.e. BERT) and 11,816 publicly-available drug testimonials, we first predicted 28-dimensions of sentiment across each narrative, validated with psychiatrist annotations. Secondly, BERT was trained to predict biochemical and demographic information from testimonials. Thirdly, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) linked 52 drugs’ receptor affinities with testimonial word usage, revealing 11 latent receptor-experience factors, mapped to a 3D cortical atlas. Together, these 3 machine learning methods elucidate a neurobiologically-informed, temporally-sensitive portrait of drug-induced subjective experiences. Different models’ results converged, revealing a pervasive distinction between lucid and mundane phenomena. MDMA was linked to “Love”, DMT and 5-MeO-DMT to “Mystical Experiences”, and other tryptamines to “Surprise”, “Curiosity” and “Realization”. Applying these models to real-time biofeedback, practitioners could harness them to guide the course of therapeutic sessions.