bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of MyCOVIDRisk App Users: An Updated Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Tool for Public Use
Authors: Ranney Megan , Goldberg Elizabeth , Ernst Zahrie , Perera Sudheesha , Haut Arenal , Bingaman Charlotte 
Published: June 2022

Background
The MyCOVIDRisk app is a free web-based tool for the public to quickly estimate the likelihood of COVID-19 infection based on individual behavior, environmental factors, and local case counts. User input of activities and mitigation measures impact the modifiable risk estimates. Originally launched in October 2020, an updated version was released in November 2021 to account for the transmission dynamics of delta and omicron variants and the protective effects of vaccination.

Objective
This study aims to assess trends in (1) user characteristics, (2) projected risk level, and (3) mitigation measures selected by users since the app’s inception.

Methods
We tracked overall site usage with Google Analytics. To describe user inputs (preferred activities, gathering sizes, vaccination status, and other risk mitigation steps), we aggregated back-end app data logging at every run of the risk analysis algorithm. We calculated descriptive statistics.

Results
As of March 1, 2022, the MyCOVIDRisk app has been used 1,339,940 times (1,231,546 times in v1 and 108,394 times in v2). Multiple characteristics of activities changed across the 2 versions. For example, the top activity in v1 was “Visiting Friend’s House” (22.6%, n=146,399); versus “Family Dinner” in v2 (21.3%, n=19,724). In v1, only 0.7% of users who were originally “high risk” and 10.8% of those who were originally “moderate risk” decreased their predicted risk to “low” using layered mitigation steps. In v2, in comparison, 24.4% of high-risk and 24.8% of moderate-risk activities were decreased to low risk.

Conclusions
The MyCOVIDRisk App allows individuals to assess in real time risk of being infected by SARS-CoV-2. Using app-directed mitigation steps, users were able to reduce their predicted risk of COVID-19 transmission during daily activities. Patterns of mask use and types of activities changed over time. In v2, users were more likely to report being vaccinated or boosted and wearing masks compared to what national statistics suggest. Future iterations of the app should assess actual change in behavior and should aim to reach those who are not currently vaccinated or masking.

Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Rebecca Wang, Jason Peres da Silva, and Anusha Rahman.

Conflicts of Interest
None declared.
La ilusión viaja en tranvía. La imposibilidad de las reformas educativas en México
Authors: Gil-Antón Manuel , Contreras Leobardo-Eduardo 
Published: June 2022

Se propone que las Reformas Educativas (RE), impulsadas en el siglo XXI, son imposibles en su pretensión de lograr cambios sustanciales en los aprendizajes, dado que su diseño descansa en una serie de ilusiones. Las más importantes, que son denominador común de las RE en general, refieren al tiempo, el espacio, la causalidad y a los actores involucrados, que conducen a la simplificación del problema que pretenden atender y su fracaso. Se analizan las RE derivadas del Pacto por México (2012-2018) y su continuidad pragmática actual (2018-2024), y se expone, como bosquejo inicial, otra vía para la transformación educativa.
Preparation and Characterization of Pregelatinized Sago Starch (PSS) from Native Sago Starch (NSS) (Metroxylon sp.) and its Evaluation as Tablet Disintegrant and Filler-Binder on Direct Compression Tablet
Authors: Sulaiman T.N. Saifullah , Wahyuono Wahyono , Bestari Angi Nadya , Aziza Farida Nur 
Published: June 2022

Starches are biodegradable and relatively inexpensive natural biopolymers which are widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Sago starch is one of the starches which can be potentially used as the excipient in pharmaceutical formulation. The purpose of this study was to modify and to characterize the physical and chemical properties of native sago starch (Metroxylon sp) (NSS) and pregelatinized sago starch (PSS). NSS was evaluated to be confirmed with the requirement, including microscopic analyses, amylum identification, ash content, amylum acidity, loss on drying, solubility in water, solubility in ethanol, and chemical content of Pb, Cd, Hg. Physically evaluated for both types of sago starch were particle size, moisture content, flow rate, angle of repose, tapped density, compactibility, water absorption rate, and water absorption capacity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to characterize and evaluate PSS and NSS’s chemical properties. Chemical content (Pb, Cd, Hg) and microbial content (yeast mold figures, number of bacteria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp.) of PSS are also identified. The results of this study showed that PSS exhibited different values of those determined parameters compared to that of NSS on particle size, moisture content, flow rate, the angle of repose, tapped density, water absorption rate, and water absorption capacity. In conclusion, PSS has better flow properties because it has a larger particle size than the NSS. PSS also has a larger water absorption rate and water absorption capacity than the NSS because PSS can interact with water easier than NSS. There is no bacterial content in PSS which means PSS follows the regulatory requirement. PSS had a good effect on weight uniformity, hardness, and disintegration time of the tablets. It makes PSS can be potentially used as the excipient in solid dosage form formulation.
The Effects of Media and Blanching Time on the Antioxidative Properties of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.
Authors: Pujimulyani Dwiyati , Windrayahya Sulkhan , Irnawati Irnawati 
Published: June 2022

Black saffron (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.) belongs to the family of Zingiberaceae is one of rhizomes widely used as raw material in Indonesian Traditional Medicines. Black saffron (BS) contains some bioactive compounds responsible for certain biological activities including antioxidant. Blanching has been reported to increase the antioxidant activity of BS. This study aims to formulate BS containing high antioxidant activity. This research was performed by varying blanching medium (citric acid and aquadest) and blanching time (0; 2.5; 5; 7.5 and 10 min). The fabrication stage of BS powder included peeling, cleaning, blanching, slicing drying, grinding, and sieving. After that, the treated BS was analyzed for the antioxidant activity, total phenolic, total flavonoid, tannin, crude fiber, and water contents. BS powder subjected to blanching process showed better antioxidant activity than that without blanching process. Blanching using citric acid media 0.05% for 5 min showed the best antioxidant activities, as indicated by high contents of total phenolic, total flavonoid, and tannins. Powdered BS is potential to be used as materials to be applied as fortifying agents in food products.
LEGAL PRINCIPLES AS TELEOLOGICAL LEGAL ATTITUDES IN THE LEGAL ORDER OF A STATE OF LAW
Authors: Prica Miloš 
Published: June 2022

This article presents the difference between legal norms and legal principles. The author’s viewpoint is based on the differentiation between regulatory, systemic and teleological legal attitudes in the legal order of a state of law (Rechtsstaat). The conceptual framework of legal principles entails constituent laws and different areas of a legal order. Unlike legal norms (as subject-specific regulating legal attitudes) and legal standards (as the most general legal attitudes), legal principles are radiating teleological legal attitudes. Moreover, being the result of systemic and teleological concretisation of written law, legal principles as basic teleological legal attitudes are shaped as bundles of teleological legal attitudes and legal conceptions. In the order of a legal state, legal principles have a circular flow in the operation of the legal order, which is determined by the complementary roles of the institutional order of public authority, the institutional order of state authority, and the institutional order of a territorial community. It necessarily brings to light the difference between the fundamental legal principles of a legal order and the legal principles governing different areas of a legal order. This article analyzes the aspects of systemic and teleological understanding of legal principles, particularly considering the distinctive nature of legal principles as sources of law. Legal principles are also viewed as canons directly developed in jurisprudence, within the framework of the “internal legal system” based on legal forms.
Digital Transformation in Accounting and Auditing: 2021 International Conference of the Journal of Information Systems Panel Discussion
Authors: Liew Angela , O'Leary Daniel E. , Perdana Arif , Wang Tawei 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
During the First International Conference of the Journal of Information Systems in Taiwan, a panel was formed to discuss the development of digital transformation with panelists from the U.S., Singapore, and New Zealand. This paper is a summary of the panelists' viewpoints and the participants' interactions during the session. The discussion demonstrates the trends and the key differences of the process of digital transformation in different countries.
Clinical and Metabolic Characterization of Adults with Type 2 Diabetes by Age in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness (GRADE) Study Cohort
Authors: Aroda Vanita R. , Krause-Steinrauf Heidi , Kazemi Erin J. , Buse John B. , Gulanski Barbara I. , Florez Hermes J. , Ahmann Andrew J. , Loveland Amy , Kuhn Alexander , Lonier Jacqueline Y. , Wexler Deborah J , Group the GRADE Research 
Published: June 2022

<p><em>Objective:</em> Differences in type 2 diabetes phenotype by age are described, but it is not known whether these differences are seen in a more uniformly defined adult population at a common early stage of care. We characterize age-related clinical and metabolic characteristics of adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin monotherapy, prior to treatment intensification. </p>
<p><em>Research Design and Methods</em>: The Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness (GRADE) Study enrolled participants with type 2 diabetes duration <10 years, A1c 6.8-8.5%, on metformin monotherapy, and randomly assigned to one of four additional glucose-lowering medications. We compared baseline clinical and metabolic characteristics across age categories (<45; 45-<55; 55-<65; <u>≥</u>65 years) using ANOVA and Pearson’s chi-squared tests.. </p>
<p><em>Results: </em>Within the GRADE cohort (n=5,047), we observed significant differences by age with younger adults having greater racial diversity, fewer medications for common comorbidities, lower prevalence of CVD, higher weight and BMI, more pronounced hyperglycemia and diabetic dyslipidemia, with metabolic profile indicating lower insulin sensitivity (1/fasting insulin, HOMA-2S, Matsuda index) and inadequate β cell response (oral disposition index) (p < 0.05 across age categories). </p>
<p><em>Conclusions: </em>Clinical and metabolic characteristics of type 2 diabetes differ by age within the GRADE cohort. Younger adults exhibit more prominent obesity-related characteristics, including higher obesity levels, lower insulin sensitivity and beta cell compensation. Given the increasing burden of type 2 diabetes and complications, particularly among younger populations, these age-related distinctions may inform risk factor management approaches and treatment priorities. Further study will determine whether age-related differences impact response to therapy. </p>
The Kremlin’s Information Influence Campaigns in Estonia and Estonian Response in the Context of Russian-Western Relations
Authors: Sazonov Vladimir , Ploom Illimar , Veebel Viljar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Russian Federation has developed a large number of instruments to put pressure on the West using non-conventional means such as cyber attacks, economic tools and information warfare. Using modern IT technologies in its hybrid activities, Russia, much like China or other authoritarian powers, is trying to challenge the current world order. These instruments are particularly evident in the Baltic States. This article uses Estonia as a case study to inquire into the political goals and strategic conduct of Russia. Specifically, the focus is on the political context, instruments of information war, and available countermeasures. As argued in the current study, the shift from European to Eurasian power, Russia’s careful management and success in avoiding crossing the “red lines” of its adversaries, as well as in exploiting the socioeconomic weaknesses and openness of the West, all play a relevant role in understanding the political context. As for instruments, Russia has developed strategic narratives and conspiracy theories, plus several channels next to media channels, and policy tools such as Pax Russica and the compatriot policy. These are deployed in its neighborhood and aimed at unintegrated segments of the Russophone populations.
Neutrality and Equality Aspects in the EU State Aid Temporary Framework 2020: The Case of the Airline Industry
Authors: Kasser Kevin , Solarte-Vasquez Maria Claudia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFollowing the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic, the restrictions imposed by the Member States (MSs) of the European Union (EU) led the tourism and commercial air transport industry to face serious financial difficulties that required airlines to apply for state support. In March 2020, the European Commission adopted a State Aid Temporary Framework (TF) for the COVID-19 period to simplify the process of granting aid, allowing the MSs rapid economic interventions. Claims regarding the approval of State aid to certain airlines reached the EU General Court (EGC), on the grounds of violation of the fair competition principle. It became clear that the processes enabled by the TF dispensed unequal treatment to airline companies and that the flexibility of the TF created competition imbalances. In spite of these events, little attention has been given to the way its application ignores the requirements of EU State aid control and other procedural justice and fairness principles, by failing to ensure neutrality and equality. This article addresses the matter using a standard legal interpretive approach to explain the imbalances created by the regulation. It presents a systematic review of the current regime, identifies the TF inefficiencies affecting competition principles, and argues for specific adjustments that could enhance its transparency. These contributions are useful to improve the existing framework and help prepare for a better management of future crises.
An Insight on Clustering Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Raju M. , Lochanambal K. P. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have drawn the attention of many researchers as well as general users in recent years. Since WSN has a wide range of applications, including environmental monitoring, medical applications, and surveillance, their usage is not limited. As energy is a major constraint in WSN, it is necessary to employ techniques that reduce energy consumption in order to extend the network’s lifetime. Clustering, data aggregation, duty cycling, load balancing, and efficient routing are some of the techniques used to reduce energy consumption. In this paper, we discuss in details about clustering, its properties, the existing clustering protocols. The clustering protocols that support data aggregation will also be discussed. The paper concludes with considering the impact of clustering and data aggregation in WSN.
Design science research approach in studying e-negotiations: models, systems, experiments
Authors: Wu ShiKui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Inspired and led by Dr. Gregory E. Kersten, a number of research projects have been conducted at the InterNeg Research Centre. This paper intends to acknowledge Dr. Kersten’s unique role as a pioneer in e-negotiation research, particularly in exploring and integrating various elements in e-negotiations. From the design science research perspective, this paper reviews a series of relevant research works in e-negotiation modeling, system design and development, and experimental studies. This provides an integrative view of interconnected elements in this field, and also helps framing the various studies into different aspects and stages of e-negotiation research. The paper then suggests several guidelines and directions for future design science research in e-negotiations.
A fuzzy ranking of negotiation packages for the INSPIRE negotiation support system
Authors: Piasecki Krzysztof 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Preferential information may be visualized in many different ways, and this constitutes an important issue in the principal-agent decision-making context, e.g., in representative negotiations. In the INSPIRE negotiation support system, the principal’s preferences are visualized by circles with different radii. Agents evaluate the principal’s preferences in such a manner that they digitize these preferences using numbers directly proportional to the size of the circles, drawn by the principal. The manner, in which an agent understands the concept of the circle size is unknown. The main goal of this paper is to propose such an image of principal’s preferences, which is independent of an individual agent’s evaluation. Individual negotiators may differ in their understanding of this concept. This means that the notion of “circle size” is a linguistic variable that may be described by a fuzzy set. The empirical studies referred to show that the size of the circle is a value between the radius and the area of this circle. In this paper, the principal’s preferences are defined as a fuzzy preorder between fuzzy “circle sizes”. We distinguish here two kinds of the INSPIRE method. All considerations are illustrated by means of a short case study based on INSPIRE data.
Using the FITradeoff method to solve a shopping mall location problem in the northeastern countryside of Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Manoel Lucas Sousa , Roselli Lucia Reis Peixoto , Frej Eduarda Asfora , de Almeida Adiel Teixeira , Morais Danielle Costa 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a practical case involving a shopping mall location problem in the northeast countryside of Brazil. In this problem, conflicting objectives have been expressed in terms of seven criteria. Then, ten cities of the northeastern countryside have been selected to compose the space of actions. The problem plays a special role since Brazil is a big country that requires investments in the countryside. Thus, the shopping mall aims to stimulate economic growth in the respective region. In the study, this multi-objective problem is solved using the FITradeoff method. In FITradeoff, the combination of the paradigms of holistic evaluation and elicitation by decomposition in preference modeling are well explored, bringing different perspectives for the decision-maker during the decision process.
Insulin therapy in diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhao Chanyue , Xiong Xiaofen , Yang Ming , Sun Lin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The use of insulin represents a challenge in patients with DKD due to the patient and medication issues. Insulin regimens, insulin dosing, and titration need to be individualized based on the patient's age, renal function, and comorbidities to improve glycemic control and reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. Insulin is the primary treatment in all patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and DKD. For patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and early stage of DKD, basal insulin combined with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) is recommended. In patients with middle and advanced DKD, it is necessary to adjust the dose of insulin according to stages of DKD, and the use of insulin analogs is recommended. In particular, elderly patients with DKD can simplify their insulin regimen to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. In pregnant women with DKD, insulin requirements also vary based on parity and the stage of pregnancy.
Internationalisation-Localisation Debate in Case of Croatian Exporters’ Intangible-Tangible Asset Investment
Authors: Bašić Maja 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study analyses the role of investment in intangible and tangible fixed assets on firm internationalisation pace. Financial microdata of the largest 300 Croatian exporters for the period 2006-2015 were examined by system dynamic panel GMM. Results illustrate that investments in intangible assets significantly and positively increase export growth but not domestic revenue growth. The study also analysed differences in internationalisation and localisation growth depending on investments in intangible and tangible fixed assets. Investments in intangible assets positively affect firm internationalisation growth, while an increase in intangible assets negatively affects localisation growth. Significance of this study is twofold. Firstly, it provides evidence of the importance of investments in intangible assets for export growth and internationalisation growth. Secondly, it shows that investments in intangible assets are more important that investments in fixed assets, thereby providing practical implication for firms aiming to increase the pace of their international expansion.
Are Two Heads Really Better than one in Intra-Household Financial Management? Evidence on the Financial Behaviour of Couples in Poland
Authors: Cwynar Andrzej 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Research shows that involvement in intra-household financial management fosters the development of financial literacy and sound financial behaviour. However, little is known about how different intra-couple financial management styles (sole versus joint management) affect the way consumers act when confronted with typical financial matters. Using a simple classifier allowing to distinguish households in which both partners undertake financial activity from those in which only one partner is involved in managing household finances, we applied statistical tests of significant differences and multiple linear regression models to determine whether the financial behaviour of joint participants is distinct from that of sole participants in Poland. Mann-Whitney U test showed that significant differences exist in credit management behaviour, with individuals who share participation performing better behaviour in this domain compared to sole managers. Credit management also appears to be the most problematic domain of household financial management where undesirable behaviour is the most likely. However, closer inspection with linear regression revealed that these differences can be attributed to socio-demographic variables such as age, place of residence, income, and number of dependent children.
The Effects of Budget Transparency on the Budget Balances and Expenditures of Croatian Local Governments
Authors: Bronić Mihaela , Stanić Branko , Prijaković Simona 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to find out whether budget transparency (BT) allows for better control over public finances, especially in pre-election periods. Thus we investigate the impact of BT, i.e., the digital availability of five key budget documents, on the budget balances and expenditures of all 556 Croatian local governments (LGs) over the 2014-2019 period. The dynamic panel data analysis with several control variables shows that higher BT tends to increase expenditures and the probability of achieving deficits, especially in poorer LGs. Improved BT increases electorates’ confidence, making public goods and services more interesting to voters, ultimately increasing public expenditures. However, we found that BT limits political budget cycles (PBCs), i.e., ‘opportunistic’ expenditures and deficits in the pre-election period.