bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilising the Integrated Motivational Volitional (IMV) model to guide CBT practitioners in the use of their core skills to assess, formulate and reduce suicide risk factors
Authors: Sandford David M. , Thwaites Richard , Kirtley Olivia J. , O’Connor Rory C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cognitive behavioural therapists based in primary care are not usually expected to provide therapy to acutely suicidal individuals or work directly on suicidal thoughts. However, all practitioners should be vigilant about suicide risk and potentially help to reduce vulnerabilities to future suicide risk as part of their routine work. Many of the risk factors and processes hypothesised to play a role in the development of suicidal thinking and behaviours are likely to be evident within the usual content of standard evidence-based protocols for depression or anxiety disorders. In this paper we are suggesting that even within the current primary care remit, (i) an increased awareness of suicide risk vulnerability factors and (ii) using knowledge of a psychological model of suicidal behaviour to inform clinical care are likely to be extremely helpful in structuring clinical formulation and informing interventions.

Key learning aims

(1)
To understand the IMV model and the factors associated with suicidal thoughts and suicidal behaviour.

(2)
To understand how core CBT skills and interventions can address these factors.

(3)
To support CBT practitioners in using their current CBT knowledge and skills in the service of reducing the risk of suicidal behaviour.
Humanitarian bullets and man-killers: Revisiting the history of arms regulation in the late nineteenth century
Authors: Abbenhuis Maartje , Bogdan Branka , Wordsworth Emma 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn 1899, the delegates at the first Hague Peace Conference outlawed the use of expanding bullets in warfare. Also known as “dum-dum” bullets, their prohibition was largely the product of a media spectacle that evolved around their use in British colonial warfare, a spectacle that focused particularly on the ghastly nature of the wounds these bullets inflicted. This article revisits the “dum-dum” controversy of the 1890s as it played out in the Anglo-European public sphere. It argues, firstly, that there was nothing all that innovative about employing the principle of expansion in rifle ammunition. Secondly, it shows that controversies around bullets and their wounds had existed since the invention of industrially produced military rifles – and soft-lead ammunition – in the 1850s. In 1868, the St Petersburg Declaration outlawed the use of exploding projectiles for many of the same reasons for which expanding ammunition would also be banned in 1899. The article also shows that many of the ideas mobilized in the early 1890s to promote a new range of cordite-powered full-metal-jacket bullets because of the supposedly “clean” and “humanitarian” wounds that they inflicted offer an important context in which to read and explain the prohibition of “man-slaying” expanding ammunition. Above all, the article highlights how powerful racist thinking and imperial imperatives were to the framers of the laws of war at the turn of the twentieth century.
Le marché immobilier en Belgique
Authors: Francaux Jean 
Published: August 2022

La crise économique, comme on devait le prévoir, n’a pas épargné le marché immobilier ni les diverses industries connexes à celle du bâtiment.Au cours des années 1928 et 1929, la fièvre spéculative avait éveillé dans beaucoup d’esprits par ailleurs très prudents, la tentation fascinante du gain facile et rapide; et ainsi d’importants capitaux furent distraits du marché immobilier auquel ils étaient normalement destinés. Nous trouvons donc ce marché dans un certain assoupissement au moment de la débâcle financière, ou plus exactement, moins actif qu’on ne s’y serait attendu.Sans doute, les gros immeubles ne restaient pas sans acquéreurs et des transactions s’effectuaient, mais ici comme ailleurs, l’élément spéculatif était prédominant. Le prix de construction des immeubles haussait sans arrêt : les matériaux et les salaires devenaient de plus en plus coûteux. Cette hausse provenait naturellement d’une forte demande, et d’une activité anormale. Mais c’était là le résultat de la politique poursuivie en matière d’immobilisations industrielles et de grands travaux entrepris à cette époque.
Les indices de la conjoncture économique du Congo Belge depuis la guerre (de 1919 à 1933)
Authors: Eyskens Gaston 
Published: August 2022

Dans l’étude de la conjoncture économique, la conjoncture des colonies a été jusqu’ici pour ainsi dire complètement négligée.Et l’on eu voit immédiatement les raisons. Les organismes d’études économiques sont peu développés ou même inexistants dans ces régions où toutes les initiatives sont tournées de préférence vers les activités directement productives, sans laisser aux hommes d’action et aux administrateurs le loisir des recherches. L’observation directe des faits économiques dans les colonies se heurte d’ailleurs à de sérieux obstacles. C’est du moins le cas pour le Congo belge, où la documentation statistique est insuffisante à beaucoup d’égards. Des données quantitatives sur maint phénomène intéressant y font encore défaut.
Le taux de capitalisation des valeurs à revenu variable
Authors: Masoin Maurice 
Published: August 2022

Le taux de capitalisation des actions est caractérisé par le fait qu’il dépend de deux éléments variables: le dividende et le cours des actions. Il se distingue ainsi du taux de capitalisation des obligations, dont l’une des bases d’évaluation est normalement fixe, l’intérêt.Avant toute étude, on pourra donc présumer que le taux de capitalisation des valeurs à revenu variable sera particulièrement sensible aux circonstances économiques, puisque celles-ci influencent à la fois l’élément dividende et l’élément valeur. C’est à déterminer le sens, et si possible, la mesure des réactions du taux de capitalisation des actions aux incidences économiques que s’attache le présent travail. Notre but rencontre ainsi celui que se sont maintes fois proposé des études semblables faites en Allemagne, en Angleterre, en France et aux Etats-Unis, mais qui, jusqu’à présent, n’avaient pas été entreprises en Belgique.
La conjuncture économique de la Belgique et du Luxembourg
Authors: Duprien Léon-H. 
Published: August 2022

Pour apprécier la conjoncture économique présente, nous devons, une fois de plus, établir une distinction entre le domaine des monnaies, de la finance et des prix, et celui des tendances économiques plus profondes qui affectent l’activité productive. D’une part, la confusion règne encore, de l’autre, les signes de redressement se multiplient.La conférence économique de Londres, terminée prématurément, a mis en lumière, aussi nettement que possible, les divergences de vues profondes qui existent en ce moment quant à la politique financière et économique à suivre. Pour apprécier la situation, il convient de préciser les trois voies distinctes qui ont été adoptées.
Les nouvelles idées de Mr J. M. Keynes dans son “Traité sur la Monnaie„
Authors: Roger Charles 
Published: August 2022

Les deux imposants volumes que M. John Maynard Keynes a consacrés à l’examen des problèmes monétaires constituent certainement une des plus intéressantes contributions à l’étude des questions économiques.Les qualités d’écrivain de l’auteur du « Tract on Monetary Reform » sont universellement connues dans le monde des économistes. D’un style puissant et agréable, M. Keynes a toujours attiré l’attention par son originalité et son mordant. Un nouveau livre de sa part sur les questions financières et monétaires qui depuis longtemps constituent son sujet de prédilection, ne pouvait manquer d’être attendu par beaucoup avec impatience. Le souci d’originalité et le goût de la controverse de l’auteur pouvaient faire craindre que le «Traité sur la Monnaie » manquât d’une certaine profondeur. Il n’en est heureusement rien. Si l’ouvrage n’est pas exempt de défauts, il n’a pas celui d’être superficiel. L’œuvre de M. Keynes contient de nouveaux points de vue qui constituent certainement un progrès dans la connaissance des forces qui ont une action dans le monde économique moderne; la discussion des nombreux problèmes que traite l’auteur n’est certes pas définitive. Mais la lecture de ces deux volumes ouvre de nouveaux horizons.
Le chômage en Belgique en 1931
Authors: Julin Armand 
Published: August 2022

Un grand nombre des problèmes soulevés par la question du chômage tie peuvent être examinés dans leurs détails qu’à la condition de les situer dans le cadre des institutions qui, dans l’état présent de la législation, organisent le secours aux sans-travail.Aussi pensons-nous que tout examen de l’emploi de> la main-d’œuvre dans notre pays doit être accompagné d’un bref exposé de l’organisation de l’assistance-chômage, étant entendu qu’il convient de se tenir à l’écart des opinions politiques divergentes et des thèses économiques contradictoires qui s’affrontent à propos du problème du chômage.
Le mouvement social en 1931
Authors: Velge Henri 
Published: August 2022

Notre exposé du mouvement de la législation sociale en 1930, a revêtu, pendant cette année, une importance extraordinaire.Depuis que le législateur s’est orienté vers un programme de mesures de police industrielle, d’assurance et de prévoyance sociale, il n’est pas une année au cours de laquelle une telle abondance de réformes ait été réalisée : loi du 14 juillet 1930 sur l’assurance en vue de la vieillesse et du décès prématuré, loi du Ier août 1930 sur les pensions des ouvriers mineurs, loi du 18 juin 1930 sur les pensions d’employés, loi du 18 juin 1930 sur la réparation des dommages résultant des accidents du travail, enfin, loi du 4 août 1930 portant généralisation des allocations familiales.
Le Problème de l’Or en 1934
Authors: Janssen Albert 
Published: August 2022

Parmi les questions internationales qui intéressent spécialement la Belgique, le problème de l’or est un de ceux dont notre opinion publique doit être le mieux informée.La question de l’or implique, en effet, toute la politique monétaire et la politique des prix, qui ont actuellement une importance fondamentale dans l’évolution de la crise mondiale.Le fait que l’on discute de plus en plus la question de l’or est d’ailleurs un signe de la sévérité de la dépression économique.Les opinions, en cette matière, sont profondément divisées. J’en fus le témoin à la Commission Internationale pour l’Étude de l’Or à Genève de 1929 à 1932, et l’année dernière à la Conférence Économique et Monétaire de Londres, qui fut la dernière tentative de redonner un peu de liberté à la vie économique dans le monde. Elle a totalement échoué sur la question de l’or par suite du heurt brutal entre des conceptions radicalement différentes, dont l’opposition se manifeste encore aujourd’hui avec la même acuité.
Occurrence and management of herbicide resistance in annual vegetable production systems in North America
Authors: Boyd Nathan S. , Moretti Marcelo L. , Sosnoskie Lynn M. , Singh Vijay , Kanissery Ramdas , Sharpe Shaun , Besançon Thierry , Culpepper Stanley , Nurse Robert , Hatterman-Valenti Harlene , Mosqueda Elizabeth , Robinson Darren , Cutulle Matthew , Sandhu Ravneet 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHerbicide resistance has been studied extensively in agronomic crops across North America but is rarely examined in vegetables. It is widely assumed that the limited number of registered herbicides combined with the adoption of diverse weed management strategies in most vegetable crops effectively inhibits the development of resistance. It is difficult to determine whether resistance is truly less common in vegetable crops or whether the lack of reported cases is due to the lack of resources focused on detection. This review highlights incidences of resistance that are thought to have arisen within vegetable crops. It also includes situations in which herbicide-resistant weeds were likely selected for within agronomic crops but became a problem when vegetables were grown in sequence or in adjacent fields. Occurrence of herbicide resistance can have severe consequences for vegetable growers, and resistance management plans should be adopted to limit selection pressure. This review also highlights resistance management techniques that should slow the development and spread of herbicide resistance in vegetable crops.
Earth System Model Overestimation of Cropland Temperatures Scales With Agricultural Intensity
Authors: Coffel Ethan D. , Lesk Corey , Mankin Justin S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntensive crop growth can modify regional climate by partitioning energy to latent heating through transpiration, cooling growing season temperatures. Recent work shows that cooling associated with agriculture can dampen anthropogenic warming over breadbasket regions. However, it is unknown whether climate models reproduce crop influences on regional climate, and thus the future risk of extreme climate events over global breadbasket regions. We show that models overestimate growing season temperatures and underestimate evapotranspiration (ET) over global croplands, and that these differences increase with cropped area. We trace this warm and dry difference through each model's representation of the surface energy budget, showing that model differences in transpiration, leaf area index, and the ratio of transpiration to total ET drive the overall effect. While the implications of these model deficiencies for future projections are uncertain, they point to the importance of improving representations of crop‐climate processes to better assess breadbasket vulnerability to climate change.
Neural Network Emulation of the Formation of Organic Aerosols Based on the Explicit GECKO‐A Chemistry Model
Authors: Schreck John S. , Becker Charles , Gagne David John , Lawrence Keely , Wang Siyuan , Mouchel‐Vallon Camille , Choi Jinkyul , Hodzic Alma 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSecondary organic aerosols (SOA) are formed from oxidation of hundreds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from anthropogenic and natural sources. Accurate predictions of this chemistry are key for air quality and climate studies due to the large contribution of organic aerosols to submicron aerosol mass. Currently, only explicit models, such as the Generator for Explicit Chemistry and Kinetics of Organics in the Atmosphere (GECKO‐A), can fully represent the chemical processing of thousands of organic species. However, their extreme computational cost prohibits their use in current chemistry‐climate models, which rely on simplified empirical parameterizations to predict SOA concentrations. This study demonstrates that machine learning can accurately emulate SOA formation from an explicit chemistry model with an approximate error of 2%–8%, up to five days for several precursors and for potentially up to one month for recurrent neural network models, and with 100 to 100,000 times speedup over GECKO‐A, making it computationally useable in a chemistry‐climate model. We generated the training data using thousands of GECKO‐A box simulations sampled from a broad range of initial environmental conditions, and focused on three representative SOA precursors: the oxidation by OH of two anthropogenic (toluene, dodecane), and the oxidation by O3 of one biogenic VOC (α‐pinene). We compare several neural models and quantify their underlying uncertainty and robustness. These are promising results, suggesting that neural network models could be applied to predict SOA in chemistry‐climate models, limited however to the range of environmental conditions that were considered in the training datasets.
Seasonality of Continental Extratropical‐Cyclone Wind Speeds Over Northeastern North America
Authors: Chen Ting‐Chen , Di Luca Alejandro , Winger Katja , Laprise René , Thériault Julie M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the seasonality of near‐surface wind speeds associated with extratropical cyclones (ETCs) over northeastern North America using a global reanalysis data set during 1979–2020. As opposed to most studies that emphasize winter storms, ETCs during the fall exhibit significantly stronger 10‐m winds over this region due to the slightly stronger continental cyclones and significantly weaker low‐level stability during that time of the year. Also, ETCs favor inland lakes and Hudson Bay during the low‐ice‐content fall season, leading to lower surface roughness. Combining these results, we derive simple linear regressions to predict the 10‐m wind speed given three variables: 850‐hPa wind speed, low‐level Richardson number, and surface roughness length. This formula captures the observed seasonality and serves as a valuable tool for cyclone near‐surface wind risk assessment.
Melt Migration in Crystal Mushes by Viscous Fingering: Insights From High‐Temperature, High‐Pressure Experiments
Authors: Ryan Amy G. , Hansen Lars N. , Zimmerman Mark E. , Pistone Mattia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe conducted experiments to study melt migration in crystal‐rich mushes, with application to magma ascent within transcrustal magma reservoirs. Mushes with crystal volume fractions of 0.59–0.83 were prepared by hot‐pressing crushed borosilicate glass mixed with different proportions of quartz sand particles. Each experimental sample comprises stacked disks of mush and soda‐lime glass, a proxy for crystal‐free magma. Samples were subjected to confining pressures of 100–300 MPa and a temperature of 900°C (above the glass transition temperatures of the borosilicate and soda‐lime glasses) for up to 6 h. The bottom and circumference of the mush and soda lime disks experience the confining pressure, but the top of the mush disks is at room pressure, resulting in a pore‐pressure gradient across the mush layer. Following cooling and decompression, we determined the area fraction and morphology of soda‐lime melt that migrated into the mush layer during experiments. Melt fraction is more strongly correlated to crystal fraction than pore‐pressure gradient, increasing with crystal fraction before sharply decreasing as crystal fractions exceed 0.8. This change at 0.8 coincides with the transition from crystals in the mush moving during soda‐lime migration to crystals forming a continuous rigid network. In our experiments, melt migration occurred by viscous fingering, but near the mobile‐to‐rigid transition, melt migration is enhanced by additional capillary action. Our results indicate that magma migration may peak when rigid mushes “unlock” to become mobile. This transition may mark an increase in magma migration, a potential precursor to volcanic unrest and eruption.
Leadership
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: August 2022

The success of AGU is due in large part to a dedicated volunteer leadership that reflects the diverse interests of the international geophysics community. All aspects of the Union's programs rely on the volunteer efforts of members who respond to AGU's motto, “unselfish cooperation in research.”Ten scientific disciplines are represented in the Union's governing body, the AGU Council, which is the central authority for all Union affairs. The various programs of AGU are initiated and reviewed by a comprehensive group of committees appointed by the President of the Union. These activities range from recognizing the achievements of colleagues and setting the program for AGU's annual meetings to drafting Union position statements and investigating advances in information technology.
The effect of daily UVA phototherapy for 2 weeks on clinic and 24-h blood pressure in individuals with mild hypertension
Authors: Weller Richard B. , Macintyre Iain M. , Melville Vanessa , Farrugia Michael , Feelisch Martin , Webb David J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLatitude and season determine exposure to ultraviolet radiation and correlate with population blood pressure. Evidence for Vitamin D causing this relationship is inconsistent, and temperature changes are only partly responsible for BP variation. In healthy individuals, a single irradiation with 20 J/cm2 UVA mobilises NO from cutaneous stores to the circulation, causes arterial vasodilatation, and elicits a transient fall in BP. We, therefore, tested whether low-dose daily UVA phototherapy might be an effective treatment for mild hypertension. 13 patients with untreated high-normal or stage 1 hypertension (BP 130-159/85-99 mm Hg), confirmed by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (ABP), were recruited. Using home phototherapy lamps they were either exposed to 5 J/cm2 full body UVA (320–410 nm) radiation each day for 14 days, or sham-irradiated with lamps filtered to exclude wavelengths <500 nm. After a washout period of 3 ± 1 week, the alternate irradiation was delivered. 24-h ABP was measured on day 0 before either irradiation sequence and on day 14. Clinic BP was recorded on day 0, and within 90 min of irradiation on day 14. There was no effect on 24-h ABP following UVA irradiation. Clinic BP shortly after irradiation fell with UVA (−8.0 ± 2.9/−3.8 ± 1.1 mm Hg p = 0.034/0.029) but not sham irradiation (1.1 ± 3.0/0.9 ± 1.5 mm Hg). Once daily low-dose UVA does not control mildly elevated BP although it produces a transient fall shortly after irradiation. More frequent exposure to UVA might be effective. Alternatively, UVB, which photo-releases more NO from skin, could be tried.
Serum clinical laboratory tests and risk of incident dementia: a prospective cohort study of 407,190 individuals
Authors: He Xiao-Yu , Kuo Kevin , Yang Liu , Zhang Ya-Ru , Wu Bang-Sheng , Chen Shi-Dong , Cheng Wei , Feng Jian-Feng , Yu Jin-Tai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrevention of dementia is a public health priority, and the identification of potential biomarkers may provide benefits for early detection and prevention. This study investigates the association of common serum laboratory tests with the risk of incident dementia. Among 407,190 participants from the UK Biobank (median follow-up of 9.19 years), we investigated the linear and nonlinear effects of 30 laboratory measures on the risk of all-cause dementia using Cox models and restricted cubic spline models. We found that dementia incidence was associated with low vitamin D concentration (hazard ratio 0.994, 95% confidence interval 0.993–0.996), indicators of endocrine disorders: IGF-1 level (Pfor non-linearity = 1.1E-05), testosterone level (Pfor non-linearity = 0.006); high sex-hormone-binding globulin level (HR 1.004, 95% CI: 1.003–1.006); reduced liver function: lower alanine aminotransferase (HR 0.990, 95% CI: 0.986–0.995); renal dysfunction: cystatin C level (Pfor non-linearity = 0.028); oxidative stress: lower urate level (HR 0.998, 95% CI: 0.998–0.999); lipids dysregulation: lower LDL (HR 0.918, 95% CI: 0.872–0.965) and triglycerides (HR 0.924, 95% CI: 0.882–0.967) concentrations; insulin resistance: high glucose (HR 1.093, 95% CI: 1.045–1.143) and HbA1c (HR 1.017, 95% CI: 1.009–1.025) levels; immune dysbiosis: C−reactive protein (Pfor non-linearity = 5.5E-09). In conclusion, markers of vitamin D deficiency, GH-IGF-1 axis disorders, bioactive sex hormone deficiency, reduced liver function, renal abnormalities, oxidation, insulin resistance, immune dysbiosis, and lipids dysregulation were associated with incident dementia. Our results support a contributory role of systemic disorders and diverse biological processes to onset of dementia.