bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The hidden wealth of English dynasties, 1892–2016
Authors: Cummins Neil 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUsing individual‐level records of all wealth‐at‐death in England from 1892 to 1992, together with new estimates of the wealth‐specific rate of return on wealth, this study estimates a plausible minimum level of the amount of inherited wealth that is hidden. Elites conceal around 35 per cent of their inheritance. Among dynasties, this hidden wealth, independent of declared wealth, predicts appearance in the Offshore Leaks Database of 2013–16 and is correlated with postcode house‐value in 1999 and Oxbridge attendance in 1990–2016. Accounting for hidden wealth eliminates about 28 per cent, at minimum, of the observed decline of the top 1 per cent wealth‐share, at the dynastic level, over the past century. Findings show 9 077 dynasties that are hiding £8.9 billion.
This other life that knows itself as life: Comments on Karen Ng's Hegel's concept of life
Authors: Khurana Thomas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I discuss Karen Ng's reconstruction of Hegel's concept of life. On Ng's account, Hegel's conception of life has a remarkable double role to play: Life is both the proper object of judgment as well as a fundamental characterization of the activity of the judging subject. In a first step, I highlight the insight that Ng's account sheds on the internal connection of life and self‐consciousness and the peculiar normativity of life. In a second step, I raise three concerns about Ng's strong focus on the logical notion of life which she characterizes as non‐empirical and a priori. I argue that in order to uncover the full significance of the notion of life for Hegel we have to turn to his Philosophy of Nature and Spirit.
The Multidimensionality of Measurement Bias in High‐Stakes Testing: Using Machine Learning to Evaluate Complex Sources of Differential Item Functioning
Authors: Belzak William C. M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTest developers and psychometricians have historically examined measurement bias and differential item functioning (DIF) across a single categorical variable (e.g., gender), independently of other variables (e.g., race, age, etc.). This is problematic when more complex forms of measurement bias may adversely affect test responses and, ultimately, bias test scores. Complex forms of measurement bias include conditional effects, interactions, and mediation of background information on test responses. I propose a multidimensional, person‐specific perspective of measurement bias to explain how complex sources of bias can manifest in the assessment of human knowledge, skills, and abilities. I also describe a data‐driven approach for identifying key sources of bias among many possibilities—namely, a machine learning method commonly known as regularization.
The impact of responsible fatherhood programs on parenting, psychological well‐being, and financial outcomes: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kohl Patricia L. , Krauss Melissa J. , King Courtney , Cheng Shih‐Ying , Fowler Patrick , Goodwin Destini N. , Tillis Cheri D. , Sullivan Halbert , Sorg Amy , Mueller Nancy B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine differences in parenting, psychological well‐being, and economic outcomes between fathers receiving two different programs offered by Fathers & Families Support Center for economically disadvantaged fathers: (a) Family Formation (FF), a 6‐week/240‐h program focused on economic stability/mobility, responsible fatherhood, and healthy relationships, with case management and legal services; (b) Economic Stability (ES), a 4‐week/80‐h program focused only on economic stability with limited case management and legal services. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was used to compare fathers in FF (n = 350) vs. ES (n = 342). Surveys were administered at enrollment and 3‐ and 12‐months postintervention. Linear and generalized linear mixed models were used to assess changes in program outcomes over time and across study groups. Four hundred and eighty‐two fathers responded to either follow‐up survey (251 FF, 231 ES). Nearly all (98%) were non‐white (93% Black, 5% other/mixed race) and were on average 34 years old. Approximately 46% attended ≥75% of program sessions (FF 48% vs. ES 44%). Both FF and ES groups experienced improvements in parenting, psychological well‐being, and financial outcomes after the programs, but changes in outcomes over time did not differ significantly by program. The lack of difference in outcomes between fathers in FF and ES groups could be due to a similar core focus on employment‐related curriculum for both groups. Gaining financial stability could have contributed to positive improvements in other fatherhood domains. Implications for future research and practice are discussed herein.
Antihypertensive and lipid‐lowering drugs usage after primary stroke in a large representative sample of the French population
Authors: Perrier Julia , Olié Valérie , Gabet Amélie , Tzourio Christophe , Bezin Julien 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe aim of the study is to describe the use of antihypertensive and lipid‐lowering drugs in post‐stroke secondary prevention in France. This is a prospective cohort study based on a representative sample of the French health insurance system database. All patients aged 45 and over, hospitalized for a first stroke between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2014 were included. For each drug class, identified using Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes, patients were followed from the first drug supply after stroke until the end of study period (31 December 2017), or exit date of the database or death. Adherence was defined by the proportion of days covered and persistence by the absence of a treatment gap of more than 91 days. A total of 2674 patients were included, median age was 75.0 years (interquartile range 63.0–83.0) and 51.2% were women. For patients treated with a drug of interest after stroke, median follow‐up was 4.8 years (interquartile range 3.4–6.5). Regarding antihypertensive drugs, adherence at 8 years was 84.1% and persistence was 71.0%. For lipid‐lowering drugs adherence at 8 years was 68.6% and persistence was 49.4%. Adherence and persistence were lower for patients starting treatment at time of stroke (antihypertensive drugs: 70.9% for adherence and 52.6% for persistence; lipid‐lowering drugs: 62.3% and 43.1%) compared to patients already treated (antihypertensive drugs: 87.2% and 75.2%; lipid‐lowering drugs: 73.6% and 54.5%). In this large representative sample of patients hospitalized for a first stroke in France, post‐stroke therapeutic management remains suboptimal compared to guidelines, notably regarding lipid‐lowering drugs. This trend was more pronounced for newly treated patients.
Fatigue modeling using neural networks: A comprehensive review
Authors: Chen Jie , Liu Yongming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNeural network (NN) models have significantly impacted fatigue‐related engineering communities and are expected to increase rapidly due to the recent advancements in machine learning and artificial intelligence. A comprehensive review of fatigue modeling methods using NNs is lacking and will help to recognize past achievements and suggest future research directions. Thus, this paper presents a survey of 251 publications between 1990 and July 2021. The NN modeling in fatigue is classified into five applications: fatigue life prediction, fatigue crack, fatigue damage diagnosis, fatigue strength, and fatigue load. A wide range of NN architectures are employed in the literature and are summarized in this review. An overview of important considerations and current limitations for the application of NNs in fatigue is provided. Statistical analysis for the past and the current trend is provided with representative examples. Existing gaps and future research directions are also presented based on the reviewed articles.
Assessing the potential for unaccounted emissions from bioenergy and the implications for forests: The United States and global
Authors: Funk Jason M. , Forsell Nicklas , Gunn John S. , Burns David N. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDevelopment of the bioenergy sector is being actively pursued in many countries as a means to reduce climate change and fulfill international climate agreements such as the Paris Agreement. Although biomass for energy production (especially wood pellets) can replace carbon‐intensive fossil fuels, its net greenhouse gas impact varies, and the production of wood pellets can also lead to intensification in forest harvests and reduction of forest carbon stocks. Additionally, under specific conditions, emissions associated with imported biomass feedstocks may be omitted from national accounts, due to incompatibilities in accounting approaches. We assessed the risks and potential scale of emissions omitted from accounts (EOA) among key trading regions, focusing on the demand for wood pellets under different levels of climate mitigation targets. Our results suggest that the global production of wood pellets would grow from 38.9 to 120 Mton/year between 2019 and 2050 in a scenario that limits global mean temperature increase to 1.5°C above pre‐industrial levels. A large portion of this occurs in North America (36.8 Mton/year by 2050), Europe (47.6 Mton/year by 2050), and Asia (23.3 Mton/year by 2050). We estimate that in a 1.5°C scenario, global EOA associated with international trade of wood pellets has the potential to reach 23.81 MtCO2eq/year by 2030 and 69.52 MtCO2eq/year in 2050. Emissions resulting from European biomass energy production, based on wood pellet imports from the United States, may reach 11.68 MtCO2eq/year by 2030 and 33.57 MtCO2eq/year in 2050. The production of wood pellet feedstocks may also present a substantial carbon price arbitrage opportunity for bioenergy producers through a conjunction of two distinct GHG accounting rules. If this opportunity is realized, it could accelerate the growth of the bioenergy industry to levels that harm forests’ function as a carbon sink and omit actual emissions in national and global accounting frameworks.
Referral system has a diminished difference in the risk for hepatic encephalopathy development among each etiology in patients with acute liver injury
Authors: Kakisaka Keisuke , Suzuki Yuji , Takahashi Fumiaki , Takikawa Yasuhiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimHepatic encephalopathy (HE) development is crucial in liver transplantation for patients with acute liver injury (ALI) and failure (ALF); to predict HE development, the Japan Hepatic Encephalopathy Prediction (JHEP) model, calculated using age, etiology, prothrombin time (PT), and total bilirubin, was established in 2004, and a referral system to the liver center was implemented using the JHEP model from April 2004.MethodsThe JHEP model's ability to predict HE development in 460 consecutive patients with ALI between April 2004 and January 2021 using data from the referral system was evaluated, and the JHEP model was revised.ResultsDuring the observation period, 7.8% patients developed HE. There was no difference in the proportion of HE development among the etiologies. In the Hosmer–Lemeshow test for HE development prediction, the JHEP model, revised JHEP (rJHEP) model, which was calculated without etiology data, and the modified JHEP model, which used the PT international ratio instead of PT in the rJHEP model, were good fitting models. Upon 30% random sampling from the total patients 60 times, the receiver operating curve analysis of both JHEP and rJHEP models for HE development was performed in all the datasets. The area under the curve of the JHEP model was subtracted from that of the rJHEP model (95% confidential interval, 0.000516–0.01793).ConclusionsThe referral system using the JHEP model reduced the difference in the risk for HE development among each etiology; the rJHEP model had a better prediction ability for HE development than the JHEP model.
Rapid determination of L‐ascorbic acid content in vitamin C serums by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Pizzo Jessica Santos , Cruz Victor Hugo Maldonado , Rodrigues Carina Alexandra , Manin Luciana Pelissari , Visentainer Lorena , Santos Oscar Oliveira , Maldaner Liane , Visentainer Jesuí Vergilio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to develop and validate a rapid, simple, accurate and precise analytical method for the quantification of L‐AA in vitamin C serums. Moreover, the developed method was further applied to determine L‐AA in eight different brands of vitamin C serums. A complementary study was also carried out to evaluate the stability of L‐AA in the vitamin C serum samples after 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of storage at ambient temperature (15–35°C).MethodsUltra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was applied.ResultsQuantitative analyses were performed with a total chromatographic run time of 1.5 min by matrix‐matched calibration, and the analytical curve was linear over the range of 1–1700 µg L−1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.3 and 1.0 µg L−1, respectively. Intra‐ and inter‐assay precisions, expressed in terms of relative standard deviation, ranged from 0.3% and 2.2%, respectively, and recoveries in concentration levels of 1 and 5 µg L−1 were 103.9% and 101.2%, respectively. The proposed analytical method was successfully applied to determine the L‐AA content in eight commercial vitamin C serum samples. The stability of the target analyte in samples stored at ambient temperature (15–35°C) was evaluated throughout 60 days with a 15‐day interval between analyses. At 0 days, L‐AA content in samples ranged from 1.05 to 169.91 mg L−1, which decreases over time.ConclusionThe proposed method could be powerful in routine analyses to ensure the quantification of L‐AA in vitamin C serums since it proved to be a simple, reliable, fast, precise, accurate and sensitive analytical method.
A review of the physical context of creativity: A three‐dimensional framework for investigating the physical context of creativity
Authors: Blomberg Annika J. , Kallio Tomi J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany organizations are investing considerable resources in building and designing what are termed ‘creative offices’. In this paper, we bring together two lines of academic enquiry that have attracted the interest of scholars from different disciplines: organizational creativity and the physical space of organizations. These lines of study use different concepts and lean on different ontologies; consequently, their relation is underexplored in the extant literature. To provide a better understanding of the ways in which physical space relates to creativity, we offer an integrative review based on a three‐dimensional framework comprising (i) the elements of workspace, (ii) the social dynamics of space and (iii) the relation between space and creativity. This framework is used to review the physical context of creativity literature. Based on this framework and our review, we outline three directions for future studies on the physical context of creativity. These directions are based on a broader understanding of physical space that aligns better with the contemporary conception of creativity as a process.
A combined resources‐strength intervention: Empirical evidence from two streams of the positive psychology approach
Authors: Ceschi Andrea , Sartori Riccardo , Tommasi Francesco , Noventa Stefano , Morandini Sofia , Zagarese Vivian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the framework of positive psychology approach, the present study reports the effect of a mixed human resources (HR) intervention program. We developed an intervention by the integration of the classic resource‐based intervention with the specific strength training program named FAMILY. Then, we examined the extent to which such a combined intervention enhanced commitment, work engagement, job performance, and decreasing exhaustion of the participants. N = 69 sales consultants operating in an Italian pharmaceutical company participated in our study. To monitor the interventions used, participants had to complete a diary with self‐report measures on the dimensions considered for four weeks. Data were analyzed by using growth models to study the variability of the dimensions considered overtime. Afterward, we used multilevel model analyses to test the associations between them. Our results showed that our combined training intervention increased in‐role and extra‐role performance, emotional commitment, and decreased the reported exhaustion level of the employees. Moreover, relationships among such dimensions have been explored in relation to antecedents that affect them (i.e., negative and positive emotions experienced, and job demands, and resources).
Limb edema in critically ill patients: Comparing intermittent compression and elevation
Authors: Ahmadinejad Mehdi , Razban Farideh , Jahani Yunes , Heravi Faezeh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntensive care unit (ICU) patients are at high risk for limb edema, which caused complications such as pain, joint contracture, limited range of motion and atrophy of the limbs. Thus, this study was conducted to compare ICU patients' upper limb edema between two groups with the intervention of limb elevation and intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC). In this quasi‐experimental before and after study, 40 patients were recruited. One upper limb was randomly assigned to the upper limb elevation (ULE) group and the other one was assigned to the IPC group. The circumference of the wrist and the middle of the arm were compared between and within groups. Results showed that in both groups of IPC and ULE and all five sessions (unless the second session of ULE), participants' arm and wrist edema were reduced significantly after the interventions (arm: P < .01; wrist: P < .0001). The differences between the two groups of ULE and IPC in regards to limb edema reduction were not significant. Although there was no significant difference between IPC and ULE intervention in the removal of edema, ULE seems to be more feasible and practical, which should be assessed in future studies.
Pressureless sintering of transparent AlON ceramic with assimilable γ‐Al2O3 as sintering promoting additives
Authors: Feng Zhao , Huang Xu , Chen Dan , Liao Zhijun , Qi Jianqi , Lu Tiecheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTransparent aluminum oxynitride (AlON) ceramic was successfully fabricated without doping sintering additive by the pressureless sintering method. Γ‐Al2O3 nano‐powder that can be assimilated by the AlON matrix was used for promoting the densification of AlON during the sintering. The sintering behavior of AlON and the effects of γ‐Al2O3 nano‐powder on the phase, hardness, and transmittance of AlON have been investigated in detail. The mechanisms of γ‐Al2O3 nano‐powder on the AlON green body modifying and the sintering promoting are revealed. The transmittance of the AlON ceramic is dramatically enhanced by doping γ‐Al2O3 nano‐powder and the 2 mm thick sample doped with 2.5 wt% γ‐Al2O3 nano‐powder shows an inline transmittance above 81% at 1500 nm.
Cracking during pyrolysis of preceramic polymers within glass microtubes
Authors: Larson Natalie M. , Summers William D. , Zok Frank W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCracking of preceramic polymers during pyrolysis under highly‐constrained conditions is examined by X‐ray computed tomography of fine glass microtubes containing the pyrolyzing material. The microtubes represent model geometries that mimic the long channels between fibers during production of ceramic composites by precursor impregnation and pyrolysis. Complementary fracture mechanics analyses of interface cracking and crack kinking are used to glean insights into the conditions under which periodic alternating cracks form. A key finding is that alternating cracks are an inherent feature of constrained pyrolysis. This feature is attributable in large part to the high energy release rates for interface cracks to kink into the pyrolyzing material under the hydrostatic tension developed during pyrolysis. It also requires interfaces with toughness comparable to that of the pyrolyzing material, to prevent large‐scale interface separation. The results further indicate the need for small uniform spaces for pyrolysis within fiber preforms in order to produce networks of fine periodic pyrolysis cracks; these networks in turn facilitate impregnation and pyrolysis in subsequent processing cycles.
microRNAs and long non‐coding RNAs as biomarkers for polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Tamaddon Mona , Azimzadeh Mostafa , Tavangar Seyed Mohammad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is known as the most common metabolic/endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. Its complicated causality assessment and diagnostic emphasized the role of non‐coding regulatory RNAs as molecular biomarkers in studying, diagnosing and even as therapeutics of PCOS. This review discusses a comparative summary of research into microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are molecularly or statistically related to PCOS. We categorize the literature in terms of centering on either miRNAs or lncRNAs and discuss the combinatory studies and promising ideas as well. Additionally, we compare the pros and cons of the prominent research methodologies used for each of the abovementioned research themes and discuss how errors can be stopped from propagation by selecting correct methodologies for future research. Finally, it can be concluded that research into miRNAs and lncRNAs has the potential for identifying functional networks of regulation with multiple mRNAs (and hence, functional proteins). This new understanding may eventually afford clinicians to control the molecular course of the pathogenesis better. With further research, RNA (with statistical significance and present in the blood) may be used as biomarkers for the disease, and more possibilities for RNA therapy agents can be identified.
FGF21 attenuates pulmonary arterial hypertension via downregulation of miR‐130, which targets PPARγ
Authors: Wang Meibin , Su Lihuang , Sun Junwei , Cai Luqiong , Li Xiuchun , Zhu Xiayan , Song Lanlan , Li Jingyin , Tong Shuolan , He Qinlian , Cai Mengsi , Yang Lehe , Chen Yanfan , Wang Liangxing , Huang Xiaoying 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe proliferation, migration and apoptotic resistance of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) are central to the progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Our previous study identified that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) regulates signalling pathway molecules, such as peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), to play an important role in PAH treatment. However, the biological roles of miRNAs in these effects are not yet clear. In this study, using miRNA sequencing and real‐time PCR, we found that FGF21 treatment inhibited miR‐130 elevation in hypoxia‐induced PAH in vitro and in vivo. Dual luciferase reporter gene assays showed that miR‐130 directly negatively regulates PPARγ expression. Inhibition of miR‐130 expression suppressed abnormal proliferation, migration and apoptotic resistance in hypoxic PASMCs, and this effect was corrected upon PPARγ knockdown. Both the ameliorative effect of FGF21 on pulmonary vascular remodelling and the inhibitory effect on proliferation, migration and apoptotic resistance in PASMCs were observed following exogenous administration of miR‐130 agomir. In conclusion, this study revealed the protective effect and mechanism of FGF21 on PAH through regulation of the miR‐130/PPARγ axis, providing new ideas for the development of potential drugs for PAH based on FGF21.