bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The pandemic as a legal prerequisite for the introduction of some special legal regimes
Authors: Rastorhuieva N. O. 
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the pandemic as a legal prerequisite for the introduction of special legal regimes. Approaches to the definition of the term “pandemic” that occur in various fields are analyzed. It is noted that the pandemic is closely related to the epidemic in the scientific literature. That is, today there is a statement that the spread of an epidemic to several countries or continents is called a pandemic. It is claimed that the understanding of the essence of the pandemic as a phenomenon from the field of medicine and social relations shows that the pandemic causes not only medical and other social consequences, but also legal ones.
It is noted that the concept of legal regime plays a significant role in the system of legal regulation of social relations. The legal nature of legal regimes is determined, and their classification is carried out. The following main features of legal regimes are highlighted: they are established and provided by the state; determine the rules of behavior in specific social relations; they represent the procedure of legal regulation established by the state; they create certain approaches to ensure a favorable or unfavorable degree of subjective interests. The regulatory principles of establishing a special legal regime are analyzed.
It is concluded that the term “pandemic” is mainly used in the medical field, however, the factors that cause a pandemic are not only important within the limits of medicine or sanitation, but also entail acute social consequences, taking into account the legal.
It is noted that the pandemic is a prerequisite for the introduction of a state of emergency. In order to eliminate the pandemic, the following measures should be realized: implementation of quarantine measures; population evacuation; application of a special order regarding the distribution of food and basic necessities; mobilization; change of work schedules of enterprises, institutions and organizations.
Legal regulation of national security in Ukraine: today’s challenges
Authors: Kobko Ye. V. 
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the legal regulation of national security in Ukraine. Against the background of the full-scale invasion of Russia on the territory of Ukraine, this issue becomes particularly relevant and requires a more detailed and in-depth study. Moreover, in recent years, the raised issue is becoming more relevant not only on the territory of Ukraine, but also in the field of lively discussion at the international level, because modern legal, democratic states of the world seek to join forces in this direction.
It is noted that the legal mechanism for ensuring national security in Ukraine is regulated by a system of laws and by-laws. In this area, the main regulatory documents of both state and international nature are singled out and analyzed. In particular, the public legal mechanism for ensuring national security in Ukraine is established in accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine. Its functioning and gradual development is ensured by a system of laws and by-laws, which can be divided into two groups: 1) those that directly regulate public relations in the sphere of ensuring national security and defense; 2) those that regulate other social relations and indirectly guarantee national security and defense. Sub-legal normative legal acts in the field of ensuring national security detail, harmoniously complement and specify the current legislation.
The system of by-laws in the field of ensuring national security is largely branched and characterized by incoherence. The system of current legislation in the field of ensuring national security needs improvement in terms of Ukraine's integration into NATO. Taking into account international standards in the field of defense is an important factor in the recognition of Ukrainian society as a civilized member of the international community.
The fundamental standards of ensuring national security are provided for in international acts in the field of human rights, which establish the conceptual foundations for the further formation of special international standards in various areas. The standards defined in international treaties on human rights were further improved in international security acts developed under the auspices of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the OSCE, the European Union, etc.
Digital state in the context of legal reform in Ukraine: theoretical and legal aspect
Authors: Najafli E. 
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the article is theoretical and legal coverage of the key parameters of legal reform in the field of digital state formation based on the application of the institutional approach, as well as taking into account the achievements of domestic theoretical and legal science and legal branch science. It is shown that the formation of a digital state is an integral element of digitalization of all spheres of social life and a requirement of modernity. Structural and procedural approaches to the study of legal reform in the field of digital state formation are analyzed. The expediency of combining these approaches for a deeper and more comprehensive scientific knowledge of the studied phenomenon is highlighted. It has been established that the legal reform in the field of the formation of a digital state should be recognized as a type of legal reform aimed at a holistic, comprehensive change in the conditions and legal basis of the organization and functioning of the state apparatus in the direction of its optimization and the widest application of information and communication technologies in order to simplify the state administration system, significantly increasing its effectiveness and including society and individual citizens in solving the most significant issues of social and state life. The key aspects and directions of this reform are analyzed.
It has been proven that the model of forming an exclusive digital state, which did not provide for the wide involvement of society and its institutions in solving national (public) issues and affairs, has been implemented in modern Ukraine, which essentially reproduced the conservative trajectory of the previous state-power development. It is indicated that the transition from an extensive paradigm of a digital state formation to an intensive one should be recognized as an urgent need today, which would provide for an inclusive model of the formation of a digital state due to the real inclusion (involvement) of civil society institutions in solving state affairs, stimulating civil initiative and making it impossible to adopt key legal acts without prior extensive public consultation, which should be given not optional but mandatory character.
Ramadan Risk Stratification by International Diabetes Federation and Diabetes & Ramadan International Alliance (IDF-DAR) Risk Calculator in Bangladeshi People with Diabetes Mellitus who wished to Fast in 2022
Authors: Morshed Md Shahed , Hossain Md Firoj , Hannan Muhammad Abdul , Kabir Md Ahamedul , Hosen Mobarak , Mallick Satyajit , Alam Mohammad Jahangir , Amin Mohammad Nurul , Faruque Mohammad Omar , Rahman Shahin Ibn 
Published: November 2022

Background: Risk stratification is an essential and first component of the pre-Ramadan assessment of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) who wish to fast. Limited data are reported from Bangladesh regarding risk stratification of people with DM who wish to fast.
Objective: To determine the risk status of people with DM who wish to fast during Ramadan.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was done among Muslim people of DM with at least one year of experience of Ramadan in previous years after their diagnosis. Along with baseline characteristics, the individual 14 risk elements of the International Diabetes Federation and Diabetes & Ramadan International Alliance (IDF-DAR) risk calculator- 2021 were assessed. Patients were categorized into low, moderate, and high risk with a total score of 0-3, 3.5-6, and ≥6.5 respectively. Moderate and high-risk patients were counseled about their risk of fasting and requested to reconsider their wishes.
Results: Among 569 participants, (mean age 50.97±12.02 years, male-female ratio 36.2:63.8) 37.8%, 38.8%, and 23.4% had high, moderate, and low risk respectively. Risk scores were significantly higher in older age (p<0.001), male sex (p=0.024), residence in Chattagram than Rajshahi division (p=0.009) as well as housewife and businessman than other occupations (p=0.012). Despite knowing the risks of fasting, 88.8% of people with high risk and 96.8% of people with moderate risks still wished to fast. The people who still wished to fast despite knowing their risks of fasting had significantly lower percent of macrovascular disease (p=0.039), lower creatinine levels (p<0.001), with a lower percent of dipstick proteinuria (p=0.010), and use of insulin (p=0.021) than those who changed their decision.
Conclusions: Nearly 90% of persons with DM with moderate/high risk for fasting still wished to fast despite their exemption. These at-risk population needs guidance, monitoring, and follow-up for safe fasting.
J Rang Med Col. September 2022; Vol. 7, No. 2:4-11
RANCANG BANGUN SPREAD SPECTRUM DENGAN METODE SINKRONISASI SERIAL CORRELATOR BERBASIS FPGA
Authors: Noer Soedjarwanto  , Anang Budikarso  , Kukuh Setyadjit  , Aripin  , Budi Aswoyo  , Akuwan Saleh  , M. Milchan  
Published: November 2022

Makalah ini menitik-beratkan pada pembuatan sistem sinkronisasi pada teknik pentransmisian spread spectrum asinkron. Dalam merealisasikan modul digunakan Field Programmable Gate Array ( FPGA ) Spartan II XC2S100-5 tq 144 yang terintegrasi pada Board XSA 100, implementasinya digunakan board XSA 100 dan software Xilinx ISE 6.1i. Modul terhubung secara wireline dan dirancang seperti terhubung secara wireless dimana pengaruh delay transmisi sangat besar pada proses tersebut. Dalam perancangan dan implementasi modul ini digunakan sistem Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum dan kode acak semu (pseudorandom code) maxlength dengan taping [5,2]. Pada proses transmisi antara pemancar dan penerima ditambahkan delay sebesar 1 periode chip atau sekitar 0.2 microsecond, sehingga menjadi sistem yang asinkron. Proses sinkronisasi pada penerima digunakan Serial Korelator yang terintegrasi dengan Digital Control Oscillator ( DCO ). Rangkaian ini bekerja pada proses akuisisi untuk mendapatkan timing sinyal yang benar pada proses despreading. Hasil pengujian dilakukan dan divisualisasi dengan Logic Analyser.
ANALISIS PERPINDAHAN MASSA DAN UJI ORGANOLEPTIK PEMBUATAN NUGGET IKAN LAUT MENGGUNAKAN DEEP FAT FRYING
Authors: Ach. Muhib Zainuri  , Tundung Subali Patma  , Nugroho Suharto  
Published: November 2022

Ikan tergolong bahan pangan yang cepat mengalami pembusukan dibandingkan dengan jenis makanan lain akibat bakteri dan perubahan kimiawi. Karena ikan tergolong bahan pangan mudah busuk, perlu dilakukan penanganan dan pengolahan hasil perikanan secara baik. Salah satu proses pengolahannya adalah menjadi nugget ikan. Salah satu tahapan penting dalam pembuatan nugget ikan adalah penggorengan yang membuat produk pangan lebih lezat, prosesnya cepat, dan menjaga produk pangan lebih baik. Contoh teknologi penggorengan adalah deep fat frying yang merupakan proses di mana produk makanan dipanaskan dan dikeringkan dengan merendamnya di dalam minyak goreng, umumnya pada suhu 170-190oC, sebagai penghantar panas selama periode waktu tertentu. Desain penelitian yang dilakukan adalah: (1) Rancang bangun alat deep fat frying suhu terkontrol dilengkapi dengan automatic fish floss, (2) Analisis kadar air produk nugget ikan laut, (3) Analisis kadar minyak produk nugget ikan laut, dan (4) Uji organoleptik produk nugget ikan. Hasil akhir dari kegiatan penelitian ini adalah (1) dihasilkannya alat deep fat frying yang akan diterapkan pada produksi nugget ikan, dan (2) didapatkannya suatu formulasi tepat dalam pembuatan nugget ikan laut berdasarkan parameter input yang telah ditentukan.
MRI-guided microwave ablation and albumin-bound paclitaxel for lung tumors: Initial experience
Authors: Shen Xiaokang , Chen TianMing , Liu Nianlong , Yang Bo , Feng GuoDong , Yu Pengcheng , Zhan Chuanfei , Yin Na , Wang YuHuang , Huang Bin , Chen Shilin 
Published: November 2022

Magnetic resonance-guided microwave ablation (MRI-guided MWA) is a new, minimally invasive ablation method for cancer. This study sought to analyze the clinical value of MRI-guided MWA in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We compared the precision, efficiency, and clinical efficacy of treatment in patients who underwent MRI-guided MWA or computed tomography (CT)-guided microwave ablation (CT-guided MWA). Propensity score matching was used on the prospective cohort (MRI-MWA group, n = 45) and the retrospective observational cohort (CT-MWA group, n = 305). To evaluate the advantages and efficacy of MRI-guided MWA, data including the accuracy of needle placement, scan duration, ablation time, total operation time, length of hospital stay, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were collected and compared between the two groups. The mean number of machine scans required to adjust the needle position was 7.62 ± 1.69 (range 4–12) for the MRI-MWA group and 9.64 ± 2.14 (range 5–16) for the CT-MWA group (p &lt; 0.001). The mean time for antenna placement was comparable between the MRI and CT groups (54.41 ± 12.32 min and 53.03 ± 11.29 min, p = 0.607). The microwave ablation time of the two groups was significantly different (7.62 ± 2.65 min and 9.41 ± 2.86 min, p = 0.017), while the overall procedure time was comparable (91.28 ± 16.69 min vs. 93.41 ± 16.03 min, p = 0.568). The overall complication rate in the MRI-MWA group was significantly lower than in the CT-MWA group (12% vs. 51%, p = 0.185). The median time to progression was longer in the MRI-MWA group than in the CT-MWA group (11 months [95% CI 10.24–11.75] vs. 9 months [95% CI 8.00–9.99], p = 0.0003; hazard ratio 0.3690 [95% CI 0.2159–0.6306]). OS was comparable in both groups (MRI group 26.0 months [95% CI 25.022–26.978] vs. CT group 23.0 months [95% CI 18.646–27.354], p = 0.18). This study provides hitherto-undocumented evidence of the clinical effects of MRI-guided MWA on patients with NSCLC and determines the relative safety and efficiency of MRI- and CT-guided MWA.
An injectable hyperthermic nanofiber mesh with switchable drug release to stimulate chemotherapy potency
Authors: Chen Lili , Fujisawa Nanami , Takanohashi Masato , Ebara Mitsuhiro 
Published: November 2022

We developed a smart nanofiber mesh (SNM) with anticancer abilities as well as injectability and fast recovery from irregular to non-compressible shapes. The mesh can be injected at the tumor site to modulate and control anticancer effects by loading the chemotherapeutic drug, paclitaxel (PTX), as well as magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The storage modulus of the mesh decreases when applied with a certain shear strain, and the mesh can pass through a 14-gauge needle. Moreover, the fibrous morphology is maintained even after injection. In heat-generation measurements, the mesh achieved an effective temperature of mild hyperthermia (41–43°C) within 5 min of exposure to alternating magnetic field (AMF) irradiation. An electrospinning method was employed to fabricate the mesh using a copolymer of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HMAAm), whose phase transition temperature was adjusted to a mildly hyperthermic temperature range. Pplyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was also incorporated to add shear-thinning property to the interactions between polymer chains derived from hydrogen bonding, The “on-off” switchable release of PTX from the mesh was detected by the drug release test. Approximately 73% of loaded PTX was released from the mesh after eight cycles, whereas only a tiny amount of PTX was released during the cooling phase. Furthermore, hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy after exposure to an AMF showed significantly reduced cancer cell survival compared to the control group. Subsequent investigations have proven that a new injectable local hyperthermia chemotherapy platform could be developed for cancer treatment using this SNM.
Artificial intelligence-based pathologic myopia identification system in the ophthalmology residency training program
Authors: Fang Zhi , Xu Zhe , He Xiaoying , Han Wei 
Published: November 2022

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has been successfully applied to the screening tasks of fundus diseases. However, few studies focused on the potential of AI to aid medical teaching in the residency training program. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the AI-based pathologic myopia (PM) identification system in the ophthalmology residency training program and assess the residents’ feedback on this system.Materials and Methods: Ninety residents in the ophthalmology department at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University were randomly assigned to three groups. In group A, residents learned PM through an AI-based PM identification system. In group B and group C, residents learned PM through a traditional lecture given by two senior specialists independently. The improvement in resident performance was evaluated by comparing the pre-and post-lecture scores of a specifically designed test using a paired t-test. The difference among the three groups was evaluated by one-way ANOVA. Residents’ evaluations of the AI-based PM identification system were measured by a 17-item questionnaire.Results: The post-lecture scores were significantly higher than the pre-lecture scores in group A (p &lt; 0.0001). However, there was no difference between pre-and post-lecture scores in group B (p = 0.628) and group C (p = 0.158). Overall, all participants were satisfied and agreed that the AI-based PM identification system was effective and helpful to acquire PM identification, myopic maculopathy (MM) classification, and “Plus” lesion localization.Conclusion: It is still difficult for ophthalmic residents to promptly grasp the knowledge of identification of PM through a single traditional lecture, while the AI-based PM identification system effectively improved residents’ performance in PM identification and received satisfactory feedback from residents. The application of the AI-based PM identification system showed advantages in promoting the efficiency of the ophthalmology residency training program.
Associations between novel anthropometric measures and the prevalence of hypertension among 45,853 adults: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Wu Li-Da , Kong Chao-Hua , Shi Yi , Zhang Jun-Xia , Chen Shao-Liang 
Published: November 2022

AimsTraditional anthropometric measures, including body mass index (BMI), are insufficient for evaluating the risk of hypertension. We aimed to investigate the association between novel anthropometric indices and hypertension risk in a large population in the United States.MethodsForty-five thousand eight hundred fifty-three participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (1999–2018) were enrolled. Social demographic information, lifestyle factors, blood biochemical measurements and anthropometric indices, including body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), conicity index (CI), a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) were collected. Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline were adopted to investigate the associations between hypertension risk and anthropometric indices. We also performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses to further evaluate the discriminatory powers of anthropometric measurements for screening hypertension risk. Moreover, participants were randomly assigned to the training group and the validation group in a ratio of 3 to 1. A nomogram model based on anthropometric measures was established and validated in the training group and validation group, respectively.ResultsAll of the anthropometric measurements investigated were positively and independently associated with the hypertension risk. Among all anthropometric indices, per-SD increment in ABSI had the highest OR (OR: 3.4; 95% CI: 2.73–4.24) after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, smoking, drinking, diabetes, and eGFR. Moreover, results from restricted cubic splines revealed the non-linear association between anthropometric measurements and hypertension risk. In ROC analyses, CI had superior discriminatory power for hypertension (area under the curve: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.706–0.715; optimal cutoff value: 1.3) compared with other indices. Nomogram model based on age, sex, diabetes, CI and LAP showed favorable predicting ability of hypertension risk with an AUC (95% CI) in training group of 80.2% (79.7–80.6%), and the AUC (95% CI) in validation group was 79.5% (78.3–80.1%). Meanwhile, calibration plot showed good consistency.ConclusionsAnthropometric measurements including BMI, WtHR, CI, ABSI, BRI and LAP are closely associated with hypertension risk in the present study. For better prevention and treatment of hypertension, more attention should be paid to anthropometric indices, especially novel anthropometric indices.
Iodine content of frequently used prenatal and adult multivitamins in Switzerland
Authors: Gfeller Mandy , Colque Gentiane , Kopp Peter A. 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundIodine is essential for the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, which are crucial for intrauterine growth and fetal neurocognitive development. Iodine requirements increase during pregnancy and lactation. The World Health Organization and the Swiss Confederation recommend a total daily iodine intake of 250 µg of iodine during preconception, pregnancy and lactation. To assure this goal, several professional organizations recommend complementing the nutritional iodine intake with supplements containing 150 μg of iodine daily.MethodsPrenatal and adult multivitamins widely available in Switzerland were compiled to determine their iodine content. Obstetricians verified that the list includes the most frequently prescribed supplements in Switzerland.ResultsA total of 44 adult multivitamin supplements were identified, 23 of which are specifically intended for women planning pregnancy, pregnant, or breastfeeding. Seven out of 23 (30.4%) prenatal multivitamins products, and 12/21 (57.1%) adult multivitamins contained no iodine. Among all the products, only 18/44 (40.9%) contain 150 µg of iodine or more.ConclusionSeveral widely used products contain no or insufficient amounts (&lt;150 ug) of iodine. Providers need to be informed about the variability in iodine content of supplements and established recommendations, and manufacturers of prenatal supplements should assure that their products contain iodine in adequate amounts.