bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forty-year survival after Glenn procedure without Fontan procedure in patients with single ventricle
Authors: Miyake Makoto , Sakamoto Jiro , Kondo Hirokazu , Iwakura Atsushi , Doi Hiraku , Tamura Toshihiro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOBJECTIVESThere are no data on long-term outcomes beyond 30 years after the Glenn procedure without the subsequent Fontan procedure in patients with single-ventricle physiology. Hence, this study aimed to clarify the very long-term outcomes of these patients.METHODSThis single-centre, retrospective cohort study investigated the clinical outcomes of patients with single-ventricle physiology who underwent the Glenn procedure between 1970 and 1999. Those who underwent the subsequent Fontan procedure were excluded. The primary outcome was all-cause death. The secondary outcome was a composite of all-cause death, arrhythmic events, neurological events or infective endocarditis. The prognostic factors associated with the long-term outcomes were also evaluated.RESULTSIn total, 36 patients were enrolled (median age at Glenn procedure: 6.2 years, 56% male). During a median follow-up of 17.6 years (interquartile range: 6.1–33.4), 21 patients died and 29 experienced the composite outcome. The 20-, 30- and 40-year overall survival after the Glenn procedure was 51.2%, 44.4% and 40.3%, respectively. The 20-, 30- and 40-year event-free survival was 36.0%, 25.5% and 14.5%, respectively. Patients with dominant left ventricular morphology had better overall survival than those with dominant right ventricular morphology (hazard ratio: 0.24, 95% confidence interval: 0.08–0.76, P = 0.014). None of the patients had liver cirrhosis but 1 had protein-losing enteropathy.CONCLUSIONSThe 40-year overall survival after the Glenn procedure without the subsequent Fontan procedure in patients with single-ventricle physiology was 40.3%. Dominant left ventricular morphology may be associated with better long-term overall survival than dominant right ventricular morphology.
Embedding telehealth for sustainable health services linking Oceania
Authors: Calyx Cobi , Weerasuriya Rona , White Sarah J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The expansion of telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic can be further adapted and extended to align with principles of climate justice. We argue that high-emission countries with well-developed medical systems, like Australia, should support communities disproportionately impacted by climate change who request assistance, like in small island states of Oceania. Linking health services in small island states with neighbouring countries’ medical systems can support sustainability, if such reconfigurations are appropriately resourced and accessibility is prioritized. Investments in telehealth, particularly reconfiguring services through community-led linkages with larger medical systems, supports the sustainable development goal of universal access to healthcare.
Soil characteristics and redox properties of infiltrating water are determinants of microbial communities at managed aquifer recharge sites
Authors: Schrad Nicole , Pensky Jennifer , Gorski Galen , Beganskas Sarah , Fisher Andrew T , Saltikov Chad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of soil microbial communities at three, pilot-scale field sites simulating shallow infiltration for managed aquifer recharge (MAR). We evaluated shifts in microbial communities after infiltration across site location, through different soils, with and without carbon-rich amendments added to test plots. Our meta-analysis aims to enable more effective MAR basin design by identifying potentially important interactions between soil physical–geochemical parameters and microbial communities across several geographically separate MAR basins. We hypothesized infiltration and carbon amendments would lead to common changes in subsurface microbial communities at multiple field sites but instead found distinct differences. Sites with coarser (mainly sandy) soil had large changes in diversity and taxa abundance, while sites with finer soils had fewer significant changes in genera, despite having the greatest increase in nitrogen cycling. Below test plots amended with a carbon-rich permeable reactive barrier, we observed more nitrate removal and a decrease in genera capable of nitrification. Multivariate statistics determined that the soil texture (a proxy for numerous soil characteristics) was the main determinant of whether the microbial community composition changed because of infiltration. These results suggest that microbial communities in sandy soil with carbon-rich amendments are most impacted by infiltration. Soil composition is a critical parameter that links between microbial communities and nutrient cycling during infiltration and could influence the citing and operation of MAR to benefit water quality and supply.
Legal and technical trade-offs in the content moderation of terrorist live-streaming
Authors: Zornetta Alessia , Pohland Ilka 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Moderating terrorist live-streaming presents legal and technical trade-offs. The immediacy of live-streamed content requires a timely assessment of the content’s compliance with community guidelines and an even more expeditious action of restriction or removal in case of portrayal of illegal content. Social media companies have heavily relied on technology to moderate content. The most frequently used tools to screen and filter content and ensure compliance with community standards and regulations include hashing technology, video-fingerprinting, natural language processing and metadata analysis. Terrorist content online presents nuances that make the task of removing it particularly challenging especially when companies must rely on machine learning content moderation. We identify three trade-offs in regulating content moderation of live-streamed content: technological neutrality v specificity, explainability v adversarial machine learning, and accuracy v time-efficiency. For each trade-off, we provide an analysis of the considerations lawmakers and regulators must take into account when balancing competing interests.
Bioavailability of dissolved and crushed single tablets of bictegravir, emtricitabine, tenofovir alafenamide in healthy adults: the SOLUBIC randomized crossover study
Authors: Hocqueloux Laurent , Lefeuvre Sandrine , Bois Julie , Brucato Sylvie , Alix Antoine , Valentin Cécile , Peyro-Saint-Paul Laure , Got Laurence , Fournel François , Dargere Sylvie , Prazuck Thierry , Fournier Anna , Gregoire Nicolas , McNicholl Ian , Parienti Jean-Jacques 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Crushing or dissolving bictegravir/tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine (BIC/TAF/FTC) tablets is not recommended because there are no data supporting this practice.

Methods
A crossover, randomized trial in healthy adults (NCT04244448) investigated the bioavailability of two off-label uses of BIC/TAF/FTC (50/200/25 mg), dissolved in water or crushed in apple compote, compared with the solid tablet. Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were estimated from sequential intensive plasma antiretroviral concentrations over a 72 h period post dose. Bioequivalence was met if the 90% CIs of the geometric least-squares means ratios comparing BIC/TAF/FTC exposures (AUC and Cmax) from the experimental phases were within 80%–125% of the reference.

Results
Eighteen subjects participated in each of the three phases. Dissolved tablet Cmax geometric mean ratio (90% CI) for BIC/TAF/FTC was 105% (93–119)/97% (87–108)/96% (74–124), respectively. Dissolved tablet AUC geometric mean ratio (90% CI) for BIC/TAF/FTC was 111% (100–122)/100% (94 to 105)/99% (81 to 120), respectively. Crushed tablet Cmax geometric mean ratio (90%) CI for BIC/TAF/FTC was 110% (97 to 124)/70% (63–78)/66% (51–85), respectively. Crushed tablet AUC geometric mean ratio (90%) CI for BIC/TAF/FTC was 107% (96–118)/86% (82–91)/84% (69–103), respectively.

Conclusions
Crushing BIC/TAF/FTC tablets may lead to suboptimal emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide drug exposures. Dissolving BIC/TAF/FTC in water may be acceptable if the tablet cannot be swallowed whole.
Training digital natives to transform healthcare: a 5-tiered approach for integrating clinical informatics into undergraduate medical education
Authors: Hare Allison J , Soegaard Ballester Jacqueline M , Gabriel Peter E , Adusumalli Srinath , Hanson C William 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Expansive growth in the use of health information technology (HIT) has dramatically altered medicine without translating to fully realized improvements in healthcare delivery. Bridging this divide will require healthcare professionals with all levels of expertise in clinical informatics. However, due to scarce opportunities for exposure and training in informatics, medical students remain an underdeveloped source of potential informaticists. To address this gap, our institution developed and implemented a 5-tiered clinical informatics curriculum at the undergraduate medical education level: (1) a practical orientation to HIT for rising clerkship students; (2) an elective for junior students; (3) an elective for senior students; (4) a longitudinal area of concentration; and (5) a yearlong predoctoral fellowship in operational informatics at the health system level. Most students found these offerings valuable for their training and professional development. We share lessons and recommendations for medical schools and health systems looking to implement similar opportunities.
Cleaning of anthropometric data from PCORnet electronic health records using automated algorithms
Authors: Lin Pi-I D , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L , Aris Izzuddin M , Daley Matthew F , Janicke David M , Heerman William J , Chudnov Daniel L , Freedman David S , Block Jason P 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective
To demonstrate the utility of growthcleanr, an anthropometric data cleaning method designed for electronic health records (EHR).

Materials and Methods
We used all available pediatric and adult height and weight data from an ongoing observational study that includes EHR data from 15 healthcare systems and applied growthcleanr to identify outliers and errors and compared its performance in pediatric data with 2 other pediatric data cleaning methods: (1) conditional percentile (cp) and (2) PaEdiatric ANthropometric measurement Outlier Flagging pipeline (peanof).

Results
687 226 children (&lt;20 years) and 3 267 293 adults contributed 71 246 369 weight and 51 525 487 height measurements. growthcleanr flagged 18% of pediatric and 12% of adult measurements for exclusion, mostly as carried-forward measures for pediatric data and duplicates for adult and pediatric data. After removing the flagged measurements, 0.5% and 0.6% of the pediatric heights and weights and 0.3% and 1.4% of the adult heights and weights, respectively, were biologically implausible according to the CDC and other established cut points. Compared with other pediatric cleaning methods, growthcleanr flagged the most measurements for exclusion; however, it did not flag some more extreme measurements. The prevalence of severe pediatric obesity was 9.0%, 9.2%, and 8.0% after cleaning by growthcleanr, cp, and peanof, respectively.

Conclusion
growthcleanr is useful for cleaning pediatric and adult height and weight data. It is the only method with the ability to clean adult data and identify carried-forward and duplicates, which are prevalent in EHR. Findings of this study can be used to improve the growthcleanr algorithm.
Reference genome of the Monkeyface Prickleback,Cebidichthys violaceus
Authors: Wright Daniel B , Escalona Merly , Marimuthu Mohan P A , Sahasrabudhe Ruta , Nguyen Oanh , Sacco Samuel , Beraut Eric , Toffelmier Erin , Miller Courtney , Shaffer H Bradley , Bernardi Giacomo , German Donovan P 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPricklebacks (Family Stichaeidae) are generally cold-temperate fishes most commonly found in the north Pacific. As part of the California Conservation Genomics Project (CCGP), we sequenced the genome of the Monkeyface Prickleback, Cebidichthys violaceus, to establish a genomic model for understanding phylogeographic patterns of marine organisms in California. These patterns, in turn, may inform the design of marine protected areas using dispersal models based on forthcoming population genomic data. The genome of C. violaceus is typical of many marine fishes at less than 1 Gb (genome size = 575.6 Mb), and our assembly is near-chromosome level (contig N50 = 1 Mb, scaffold N50 = 16.4 Mb, BUSCO completeness = 93.2%). Within the context of the CCGP, the genome will be used as a reference for future whole genome resequencing projects, enhancing our knowledge of the population structure of the species and more generally, the efficacy of marine protected areas as a primary conservation tool across California’s marine ecosystems.
Psychiatric Disorder Incidence Among Adolescents and Young Adults Aged 15-39 With Cancer: Population-Based Cohort
Authors: Rosgen Brianna K , Moss Stephana J , Fiest Kirsten M , McKillop Sarah , Diaz Ruth L , Barr Ronald D , Patten Scott B , Deleemans Julie , Fidler-Benaoudia Miranda M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors face physical and psychological sequelae related to having cancer decades after treatment completion. It is unclear if AYA cancer survivors are at increased risk for late psychiatric disorders.

Methods
We used the Alberta AYA Cancer Survivor Study that includes 5-year survivors of cancer diagnosed at age 15-39 years during 1991 to 2013. The primary outcome was incidence of psychiatric disorder (composite outcome) including anxiety, depressive, trauma- and stressor-related, psychotic, and substance use disorders that were identified using coding algorithms for administrative health databases. A validated coding algorithm identified people who experienced a suicide attempt or event of self-harm. Secondary outcomes were incidences of diagnoses by type of psychiatric disorder.

Results
Among 12 116 AYA 5-year cancer survivors (n = 4634 [38%] males; n = 7482 [62%] females), 7426 (61%; n = 2406 [32%] males; n = 5020 [68%] females) were diagnosed with at least 1 of 5 psychiatric disorders occurring at least 3 years after cancer diagnosis. Survivors of all cancer types were most often diagnosed with anxiety (males: 39.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 37.6% to 40.4%; females: 54.5%, 95% CI = 53.3% to 55.6%), depressive (males: 32.7%, 95% CI = 31.3% to 34.0%; females: 47.0%, 95% CI = 45.8% to 48.1%), and trauma- and stressor-related disorders (males: 13.5%, 95% CI =12.5% to 14.5%; females: 22.5%, 95% CI = 21.6% to 23.5%).

Conclusions
Anxiety, depressive, and trauma- and stressor-related disorders are common among 5-year survivors of AYA cancer. Primary, secondary, or tertiary preventive strategies for AYAs diagnosed with cancer, particularly at an early age, are needed to mitigate risk of potentially severe outcomes because of psychiatric disorders.
Updates in intraoperative strategies for enhancing intra-axial brain tumor control
Authors: Wu Adela , Wu Janet Yuling , Lim Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo ensure excellent postoperative clinical outcomes while preserving critical neurologic function, neurosurgeons who manage patients with intra-axial brain tumors can use intraoperative technologies and tools to achieve maximal safe resection. Neurosurgical oncology revolves around safe and optimal extent of resection, which further dictates subsequent treatment regimens and patient outcomes. Various methods can be adapted for treating both primary and secondary intra-axial brain lesions. We present a review of recent advances and published research centered on different innovative tools and techniques, including fluorescence-guided surgery, new methods of drug delivery, and minimally invasive procedural options.
Ethical Issues with Artificial Ethics Assistants
Authors: O’Neill Elizabeth , Klincewicz Michal , Kemmer Michiel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the possibility of using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to improve human moral reasoning and decision-making. The authors characterize such technologies as artificial ethics assistants (AEAs). The authors focus on just one part of the AI-aided moral improvement question: the case of the individual who wants to improve their morality, where what constitutes an improvement is evaluated by the individual’s own values. The authors distinguish three broad areas in which an individual might think their own moral reasoning and decision-making could be improved: one’s actions, character, or other attributes fall short of one’s values and moral beliefs; one sometimes misjudges or is uncertain about what the right thing to do is, given one’s values; or one is uncertain about some fundamental moral questions or recognizes a possibility that some of one’s core moral beliefs and values are mistaken. The authors sketch why one might think AI tools could be used to support moral improvement in those areas and distinguish two types of assistance: preparatory assistance, including advice and training supplied in advance of moral deliberation, and on-the-spot assistance, including on-the-spot advice and facilitation of moral functioning over the course of moral deliberation. Then, the authors turn to ethical issues that AEAs might raise, looking in particular at three under-appreciated problems posed by the use of AI for moral self-improvement: namely, reliance on sensitive moral data, the inescapability of outside influences on AEAs, and AEA usage prompting the user to adopt beliefs and make decisions without adequate reasons.
Combined effects of elevated CO2 and warmer temperature on limitations to photosynthesis and carbon sequestration in yellow birch
Authors: Wang Lei , Zheng Jinping , Wang Gerong , Dang Qing-Lai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractElevated CO2 and warmer temperature occur simultaneously under the current climate change. However, their combined effects on the photosynthetic traits in boreal trees are not well understood. This study investigated the morphological and photosynthetic responses of yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) to a combined treatment of CO2 and temperature (ambient, ACT (400 μmol mol−1 CO2 and current temperature) vs elevated, ECT (750 μmol mol−1 CO2 and current +4 °C temperature)). It was found that ECT significantly reduced leaf-area based photosynthetic rate (An), maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate (Vcmax), photosynthetic electron transport rate (Jmax), leaf nitrogen concentration, respiration and mesophyll conductance. There were two interesting findings: first, the primary mechanism of photosynthetic limitation shifted from Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylation (related to Vcmax) to RuBP regeneration (related to Jmax) in response to ECT, leading to decreased transition point (Ci-t and An-t) from RuBP carboxylation to regeneration; second, the increase in total leaf area in response to ECT more than compensated for the downregulation of leaf-area based photosynthesis, leading to greater biomass in ECT than in ACT. We proposed a new protocol for evaluating photosynthetic limitations by comparing the relative relationship between the transition point (Ci-t and An-t) and the photosynthetic rate at growth CO2 (Ci-g and An-g). Furthermore, we found that Jmax (RuBP regeneration) was the primary limitation to An under ECT.
Assessing Childhood Maltreatment Exposure in Patients Without and With a Diagnosis of Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Löfberg Andreas , Gustafsson Per A. , Gauffin Emelie , Perini Irene , Heilig Markus , Capusan Andrea J. 
Published: November 2022

Objectives
Childhood maltreatment (CM), widely held as a risk factor for substance use disorders (SUDs), is commonly assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Retrospective self-reports are, however, potentially subject to bias. We used a unique patient sample with prospectively documented CM to examine the performance of the CTQ and how this is affected by the presence of SUD.

Methods
Analysis was based on a total of 104 individuals. Subjects with prospectively recorded CM were identified from a specialized childhood trauma unit in Linköping, Sweden (n = 55; 31 with SUD, 61% females; 24 without SUD, 71% females). Clinical controls had SUD but no CM (n = 25, 48% females). Healthy controls had neither SUD nor CM (n = 24, 54% females). We analyzed the agreement between retrospective CTQ scores and prospectively documented CM by κ analysis and assessed the performance of the CTQ to identify CM exposure using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results
Agreement between prospectively and retrospectively recorded CM exposure was poor for sexual abuse (36.6%, Cohen κ = 0.32, P = 0.008) and physical abuse (67.3%, κ = 0.35, P = 0.007). Overall CTQ performance was fair (ROC: area under the ROC curve = 0.78, optimal cutoff = 36.5, sensitivity = 0.65, specificity = 0.75). However, performance was excellent in the absence of SUD (area under the ROC curve = 0.93, cutoff = 32.0, sensitivity = 0.88, specificity = 0.88), but poor in participants with lifetime SUD (area under the ROC curve = 0.62, cutoff = 42.0, sensitivity = 0.60, specificity = 0.36).

Conclusions
These data support the CTQ as a tool to assess CM exposure but suggest that it may be less useful in patients with SUD.
Autologous Serum Eye Drops in the Management of Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency Associated With Glaucoma Surgery
Authors: Niruthisard Duangratn , Bonnet Clémence , Tanasugarn Lokachet , Le Bryan , Deng Sophie X. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate safety and efficacy of autologous serum eye drops (AS) in the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) associated with glaucoma surgery.

Methods:
Retrospective case series of eyes with glaucoma surgery-induced LSCD treated with AS. Diagnosis of LSCD was confirmed by anterior segment optical coherence tomography, in vivo confocal microscopy, and/or impression cytology. Limbal stem cell deficiency severity was staged using a clinical scoring system (2–10 points). Outcome measures were changes (≥2 points) of the LSCD score and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from the baseline to the last follow-up.

Results:
Thirteen eyes of 12 consecutive patients treated with 50% AS for at least 3 months were included. The mean age was 78.9±7.5 years and the mean duration of AS use was 20.9±16.8 months. Indications of AS included LSCD progression in eight eyes (61.5%) and visual axis threatening in five eyes (38.5%). The mean LSCD score at baseline (6.7±1.6) was similar to that at last follow-up (6.5±2.2, P=0.625). Two eyes (15.4%) showed improvement, nine eyes (69.2%) were stable, and two eyes (15.4%) worsened. The mean baseline BCVA (0.89±0.64 logMAR) was similar to the mean final BCVA (1.05±0.63 logMAR, P=0.173). There were no serious adverse complications related to AS.

Conclusion:
AS appears to be well tolerated and may stabilize the progression of LSCD with limited effects. A larger study is necessary to confirm the findings.