bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient TADF-based blue OLEDs with 100% stretchability using titanium particle-embedded indium zinc oxide mesh electrodes
Authors: Park Tae Hoon , Ren Wanqi , Lee Ho Jin , Kim Nahyun , Son Kyung Rock , Rani Adila , Kim Tae Geun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA highly stretchable and transparent electrode is a key element for realizing stretchable organic light-emitting diodes (SOLEDs). To date, several reports have been made on this issue; however, a sufficiently high mechanical stability (i.e., 100% stretchability) has not yet been demonstrated. Herein, we propose a titanium particle-embedded indium zinc oxide (Ti/IZO) mesh electrode fabricated on a Norland optical adhesive (NOA) substrate for the realization of mechanically robust and efficient SOLEDs. Initially, the geometry of the Ti/IZO mesh electrode is optimized based on the simulation and experimental results, which provides a high transmittance (92.5% at 480 nm), low sheet resistance (22.1 Ω/sq), and excellent mechanical stability (no substantial loss under 100% strain; only a 20% resistance change after 1000 stretching cycles), along with a work function of approximately 5.0 eV. Next, Ti/IZO mesh-based thermally activated delayed-fluorescence blue SOLEDs fabricated on NOA substrate are transferred onto prestretched 3 M VHB tape for mechanical testing. Interestingly, the devices stably operate under 100% tensile strain and exhibit an external quantum efficiency of 13.2%, which is 30 and 29% higher than those of devices with IZO and indium tin oxide planar electrodes, respectively. The reduced waveguide mode at the interface and increased outcoupling via corrugated metal islands are attributed to the observed improvement in performance.
Selective skeletal editing of polycyclic arenes using organophotoredox dearomative functionalization
Authors: Ji Peng , Davies Cassondra C. , Gao Feng , Chen Jing , Meng Xiang , Houk Kendall N. , Chen Shuming , Wang Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractReactions that lead to destruction of aromatic ring systems often require harsh conditions and, thus, take place with poor selectivities. Selective partial dearomatization of fused arenes is even more challenging but can be a strategic approach to creating versatile, complex polycyclic frameworks. Herein we describe a general organophotoredox approach for the chemo- and regioselective dearomatization of structurally diverse polycyclic aromatics, including quinolines, isoquinolines, quinoxalines, naphthalenes, anthracenes and phenanthrenes. The success of the method for chemoselective oxidative rupture of aromatic moieties relies on precise manipulation of the electronic nature of the fused polycyclic arenes. Mechanistic studies show that the addition of a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) agent helps favor the dearomatization pathway over the more thermodynamically downhill aromatization pathway. We show that this strategy can be applied to rapid synthesis of biologically valued targets and late-stage skeletal remodeling en route to complex structures.
Multi-cohort and longitudinal Bayesian clustering study of stage and subtype in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Poulakis Konstantinos , Pereira Joana B. , Muehlboeck J.-Sebastian , Wahlund Lars-Olof , Smedby Örjan , Volpe Giovanni , Masters Colin L. , Ames David , Niimi Yoshiki , Iwatsubo Takeshi , Ferreira Daniel , Westman Eric ,   Japanese Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,   Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle study
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnderstanding Alzheimer’s disease (AD) heterogeneity is important for understanding the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of AD. However, AD atrophy subtypes may reflect different disease stages or biologically distinct subtypes. Here we use longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging data (891 participants with AD dementia, 305 healthy control participants) from four international cohorts, and longitudinal clustering to estimate differential atrophy trajectories from the age of clinical disease onset. Our findings (in amyloid-β positive AD patients) show five distinct longitudinal patterns of atrophy with different demographical and cognitive characteristics. Some previously reported atrophy subtypes may reflect disease stages rather than distinct subtypes. The heterogeneity in atrophy rates and cognitive decline within the five longitudinal atrophy patterns, potentially expresses a complex combination of protective/risk factors and concomitant non-AD pathologies. By alternating between the cross-sectional and longitudinal understanding of AD subtypes these analyses may allow better understanding of disease heterogeneity.
Pregnancy-induced maternal microchimerism shapes neurodevelopment and behavior in mice
Authors: Schepanski Steven , Chini Mattia , Sternemann Veronika , Urbschat Christopher , Thiele Kristin , Sun Ting , Zhao Yu , Poburski Mareike , Woestemeier Anna , Thieme Marie-Theres , Zazara Dimitra E. , Alawi Malik , Fischer Nicole , Heeren Joerg , Vladimirov Nikita , Woehler Andrew , Puelles Victor G. , Bonn Stefan , Gagliani Nicola , Hanganu-Opatz Ileana L. , Arck Petra C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLife-long brain function and mental health are critically determined by developmental processes occurring before birth. During mammalian pregnancy, maternal cells are transferred to the fetus. They are referred to as maternal microchimeric cells (MMc). Among other organs, MMc seed into the fetal brain, where their function is unknown. Here, we show that, in the offspring’s developing brain in mice, MMc express a unique signature of sensome markers, control microglia homeostasis and prevent excessive presynaptic elimination. Further, MMc facilitate the oscillatory entrainment of developing prefrontal-hippocampal circuits and support the maturation of behavioral abilities. Our findings highlight that MMc are not a mere placental leak out, but rather a functional mechanism that shapes optimal conditions for healthy brain function later in life.
Space-time wave packets localized in all dimensions
Authors: Yessenov Murat , Free Justin , Chen Zhaozhong , Johnson Eric G. , Lavery Martin P. J. , Alonso Miguel A. , Abouraddy Ayman F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOptical wave packets that are localized in space and time, but nevertheless overcome diffraction and travel rigidly in free space, are a long sought-after field structure with applications ranging from microscopy and remote sensing, to nonlinear and quantum optics. However, synthesizing such wave packets requires introducing non-differentiable angular dispersion with high spectral precision in two transverse dimensions, a capability that has eluded optics to date. Here, we describe an experimental strategy capable of sculpting the spatio-temporal spectrum of a generic pulsed beam by introducing arbitrary radial chirp via two-dimensional conformal coordinate transformations of the spectrally resolved field. This procedure yields propagation-invariant ‘space-time’ wave packets localized in all dimensions, with tunable group velocity in the range from 0.7c to 1.8c in free space, and endowed with prescribed orbital angular momentum. By providing unprecedented flexibility in sculpting the three-dimensional structure of pulsed optical fields, our experimental strategy promises to be a versatile platform for the emerging enterprise of space-time optics.
Multifunctional synthetic nano-chaperone for peptide folding and intracellular delivery
Authors: Park Il-Soo , Kim Seongchan , Yim Yeajee , Park Ginam , Choi Jinahn , Won Cheolhee , Min Dal-Hee 
Published: August 2022

AbstractArtificial, synthetic chaperones have attracted much attention in biomedical research due to their ability to control the folding of proteins and peptides. Here, we report bio-inspired multifunctional porous nanoparticles to modulate proper folding and intracellular delivery of therapeutic α-helical peptide. The Synthetic Nano-Chaperone for Peptide (SNCP) based on porous nanoparticles provides an internal hydrophobic environment which contributes in stabilizing secondary structure of encapsulated α-helical peptides due to the hydrophobic internal environments. In addition, SNCP with optimized inner surface modification not only improves thermal stability for α-helical peptide but also supports the peptide stapling methods in situ, serving as a nanoreactor. Then, SNCP subsequently delivers the stabilized therapeutic α-helical peptides into cancer cells, resulting in high therapeutic efficacy. SNCP improves cellular uptake and bioavailability of the anti-cancer peptide, so the cancer growth is effectively inhibited in vivo. These data indicate that the bio-inspired SNCP system combining nanoreactor and delivery carrier could provide a strategy to expedite the development of peptide therapeutics by overcoming existing drawbacks of α-helical peptides as drug candidates.
Regulatory mechanisms of lipopolysaccharide synthesis in Escherichia coli
Authors: Shu Sheng , Mi Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an essential glycolipid and forms a protective permeability barrier for most Gram-negative bacteria. In E. coli, LPS levels are under feedback control, achieved by FtsH-mediated degradation of LpxC, which catalyzes the first committed step in LPS synthesis. FtsH is a membrane-bound AAA+ protease, and its protease activity toward LpxC is regulated by essential membrane proteins LapB and YejM. However, the regulatory mechanisms are elusive. We establish an in vitro assay to analyze the kinetics of LpxC degradation and demonstrate that LapB is an adaptor protein that utilizes its transmembrane helix to interact with FtsH and its cytoplasmic domains to recruit LpxC. Our YejM/LapB complex structure reveals that YejM is an anti-adaptor protein, competing with FtsH for LapB to inhibit LpxC degradation. Structural analysis unravels that LapB and LPS have overlapping binding sites in YejM. Thus, LPS levels control formation of the YejM/LapB complex to determine LpxC protein levels.
On-chip mid-infrared photothermoelectric detectors for full-Stokes detection
Authors: Dai Mingjin , Wang Chongwu , Qiang Bo , Wang Fakun , Ye Ming , Han Song , Luo Yu , Wang Qi Jie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOn-chip polarimeters are highly desirable for the next-generation ultra-compact optical and optoelectronic systems. Polarization-sensitive photodetectors relying on anisotropic absorption of natural/artificial materials have emerged as a promising candidate for on-chip polarimeters owing to their filterless configurations. However, these photodetectors can only be applied for detection of either linearly or circularly polarized light, not applicable for full-Stokes detection. Here, we propose and demonstrate three-ports polarimeters comprising on-chip chiral plasmonic metamaterial-mediated mid-infrared photodetectors for full-Stokes detection. By manipulating the spatial distribution of chiral metamaterials, we could convert polarization-resolved absorptions to corresponding polarization-resolved photovoltages of three ports through the photothermoelectric effect. We utilize the developed polarimeter in an imaging demonstration showing reliable ability for polarization reconstruction. Our work provides an alternative strategy for developing polarization-resolved photodetectors with a bandgap-independent operation range in the mid-infrared.
Large breathing effect in ZIF-65(Zn) with expansion and contraction of the SOD cage
Authors: Gao Meizhen , Huang Rui-Kang , Zheng Bin , Wang Pengfei , Shi Qi , Zhang Wei-Xiong , Dong Jinxiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe flexibility and guest-responsive behavior of some metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) indicate their potential in the fields of sensors and molecular recognition. As a subfamily of MOFs, the flexible zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) typically feature a small displacive transition due to the rigid zeolite topology. Herein, an atypical reversible displacive transition (6.4 Å) is observed for the sodalite (SOD) cage in flexible ZIF-65(Zn), which represents an unusually large breathing effect compared to other ZIFs. ZIF-65(Zn) exhibits a stepwise II → III → I expansion between an unusual ellipsoidal SOD cage (8.6 Å × 15.9 Å for II) and a spherical SOD cage (15.0 Å for I). The breathing behavior of ZIF-65(Zn) varies depending on the nature of the guest molecules (polarity and shape). Computational simulations are employed to rationalize the differences in the breathing behavior depending on the structure of the ZIF-65(Zn) cage and the nature of the guest-associated host–guest and guest–guest interactions.
Afadin couples RAS GTPases to the polarity rheostat Scribble
Authors: Goudreault Marilyn , Gagné Valérie , Jo Chang Hwa , Singh Swati , Killoran Ryan C. , Gingras Anne-Claude , Smith Matthew J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAFDN/Afadin is required for establishment and maintenance of cell-cell contacts and is a unique effector of RAS GTPases. The biological consequences of RAS complex with AFDN are unknown. We used proximity-based proteomics to generate an interaction map for two isoforms of AFDN, identifying the polarity protein SCRIB/Scribble as the top hit. We reveal that the first PDZ domain of SCRIB and the AFDN FHA domain mediate a direct but non-canonical interaction between these important adhesion and polarity proteins. Further, the dual RA domains of AFDN have broad specificity for RAS and RAP GTPases, and KRAS co-localizes with AFDN and promotes AFDN-SCRIB complex formation. Knockout ofAFDNorSCRIBin epithelial cells disrupts MAPK and PI3K activation kinetics and inhibits motility in a growth factor-dependent manner. These data have important implications for understanding why cells with activated RAS have reduced cell contacts and polarity defects and implicate AFDN as a genuine RAS effector.
Biomimetic material degradation for synergistic enhanced therapy by regulating endogenous energy metabolism imaging under hypothermia
Authors: Cheng Kai , Liu Bo , Zhang Xiao-Shuai , Zhang Ruo-Yun , Zhang Fang , Ashraf Ghazal , Fan Guo-Qing , Tian Ming-Yu , Sun Xing , Yuan Jing , Zhao Yuan-Di 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInefficient tumour treatment approaches often cause fatal tumour metastases. Here, we report a biomimetic multifunctional nanoplatform explicitly engineered with a Co-based metal organic framework polydopamine heterostructure (MOF-PDA), anethole trithione (ADT), and a macrophage membrane. Co-MOF degradation in the tumour microenvironment releases Co2+, which results in the downregulation of HSP90 expression and the inhibition of cellular heat resistance, thereby improving the photothermal therapy effect of PDA. H2S secretion after the enzymatic hydrolysis of ADT leads to high-concentration gas therapy. Moreover, ADT changes the balance between nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/flavin adenine dinucleotide (NADH/FAD) during tumour glycolysis. ATP synthesis is limited by NADH consumption, which triggers a certain degree of tumour growth inhibition and results in starvation therapy. Potentiated 2D/3D autofluorescence imaging of NADH/FAD is also achieved in liquid nitrogen and employed to efficiently monitor tumour therapy. The developed biomimetic nanoplatform provides an approach to treat orthotopic tumours and inhibit metastasis.
Precise electrical gating of the single-molecule Mizoroki-Heck reaction
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yang Chen , Lu Chenxi , Li Xingxing , Guo Yilin , Zhang Jianning , Lin Jinglong , Li Zhizhou , Jia Chuancheng , Yang Jinlong , Houk K. N. , Mo Fanyang , Guo Xuefeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrecise tuning of chemical reactions with predictable and controllable manners, an ultimate goal chemists desire to achieve, is valuable in the scientific community. This tunability is necessary to understand and regulate chemical transformations at both macroscopic and single-molecule levels to meet demands in potential application scenarios. Herein, we realise accurate tuning of a single-molecule Mizoroki-Heck reaction via applying gate voltages as well as complete deciphering of its detailed intrinsic mechanism by employing an in-situ electrical single-molecule detection, which possesses the capability of single-event tracking. The Mizoroki-Heck reaction can be regulated in different dimensions with a constant catalyst molecule, including the molecular orbital gating of Pd(0) catalyst, the on/off switching of the Mizoroki-Heck reaction, the promotion of its turnover frequency, and the regulation of each elementary reaction within the Mizoroki-Heck catalytic cycle. These results extend the tuning scope of chemical reactions from the macroscopic view to the single-molecule approach, inspiring new insights into designing different strategies or devices to unveil reaction mechanisms and discover novel phenomena.
Ultra-compact MXene fibers by continuous and controllable synergy of interfacial interactions and thermal drawing-induced stresses
Authors: Zhou Tianzhu , Yu Yangzhe , He Bing , Wang Zhe , Xiong Ting , Wang Zhixun , Liu Yanting , Xin Jiwu , Qi Miao , Zhang Haozhe , Zhou Xuhui , Gao Liheng , Cheng Qunfeng , Wei Lei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent advances in MXene (Ti3C2Tx) fibers, prepared from electrically conductive and mechanically strong MXene nanosheets, address the increasing demand of emerging yet promising electrode materials for the development of textile-based devices and beyond. However, to reveal the full potential of MXene fibers, reaching a balance between electrical conductivity and mechanical property is still the fundamental challenge, mainly due to the difficulties to further compact the loose MXene nanosheets. In this work, we demonstrate a continuous and controllable route to fabricate ultra-compact MXene fibers with an in-situ generated protective layer via the synergy of interfacial interactions and thermal drawing-induced stresses. The resulting ultra-compact MXene fibers with high orientation and low porosity exhibit not only excellent tensile strength and ultra-high toughness, but also high electrical conductivity. Then, we construct meter-scale MXene textiles using these ultra-compact fibers to achieve high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding and personal thermal management, accompanied by the high mechanical durability and stability even after multiple washing cycles. The demonstrated generic strategy can be applied to a broad range of nanostructured materials to construct functional fibers for large-scale applications in both space and daily lives.
The role of solid solutions in iron phosphate-based electrodes for selective electrochemical lithium extraction
Authors: Yan Gangbin , Kim George , Yuan Renliang , Hoenig Eli , Shi Fengyuan , Chen Wenxiang , Han Yu , Chen Qian , Zuo Jian-Min , Chen Wei , Liu Chong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractElectrochemical intercalation can enable lithium extraction from dilute water sources. However, during extraction, co-intercalation of lithium and sodium ions occurs, and the response of host materials to this process is not fully understood. This aspect limits the rational materials designs for improving lithium extraction. Here, to address this knowledge gap, we report one-dimensional (1D) olivine iron phosphate (FePO4) as a model host to investigate the co-intercalation behavior and demonstrate the control of lithium selectivity through intercalation kinetic manipulations. Via computational and experimental investigations, we show that lithium and sodium tend to phase separate in the host. Exploiting this mechanism, we increase the sodium-ion intercalation energy barrier by using partially filled 1D lithium channels via non-equilibrium solid-solution lithium seeding or remnant lithium in the solid-solution phases. The lithium selectivity enhancement after seeding shows a strong correlation with the fractions of solid-solution phases with high lithium content (i.e., LixFePO4 with 0.5 ≤ x < 1). Finally, we also demonstrate that the solid-solution formation pathway depends on the host material’s particle morphology, size and defect content.
Epidermal piezoresistive structure with deep learning-assisted data translation
Authors: So Changrok , Kim Jong Uk , Luan Haiwen , Park Sang Uk , Kim Hyochan , Han Seungyong , Kim Doyoung , Shin Changhwan , Kim Tae-il , Lee Wi Hyoung , Park Yoonseok , Heo Keun , Baac Hyoung Won , Ko Jong Hwan , Won Sang Min 
Published: August 2022

AbstractContinued research on the epidermal electronic sensor aims to develop sophisticated platforms that reproduce key multimodal responses in human skin, with the ability to sense various external stimuli, such as pressure, shear, torsion, and touch. The development of such applications utilizes algorithmic interpretations to analyze the complex stimulus shape, magnitude, and various moduli of the epidermis, requiring multiple complex equations for the attached sensor. In this experiment, we integrate silicon piezoresistors with a customized deep learning data process to facilitate in the precise evaluation and assessment of various stimuli without the need for such complexities. With the ability to surpass conventional vanilla deep regression models, the customized regression and classification model is capable of predicting the magnitude of the external force, epidermal hardness and object shape with an average mean absolute percentage error and accuracy of <15 and 96.9%, respectively. The technical ability of the deep learning-aided sensor and the consequent accurate data process provide important foundations for the future sensory electronic system.
Weave-pattern-dependent fabric piezoelectric pressure sensors based on polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers electrospun with 50 nozzles
Authors: Kim Da Bin , Han Ju , Sung Sun Min , Kim Min Seong , Choi Bo Kyoung , Park Sung Jun , Hong Hyae Rim , Choi Hong Je , Kim Byeong Kon , Park Chung Hee , Paik Jong Hoo , Lee Joon-Seok , Cho Yong Soo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWearable pressure sensors having versatile device structures have been extensively investigated to achieve high sensitivity under mechanical stimuli. Here, we introduce piezoelectric pressure sensors based on fabrics woven using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) weft and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) warp yarns with different weave structures: 1/1 (plain), 2/2, and 3/3 weft rib patterns. The dependence of the pressure-sensing performance on the weave pattern is demonstrated with an actual large-scale fabric up to the ~2 m scale. An optimized pressure sensor with a 2/2 weft rib pattern produced a high sensitivity of 83 mV N−1, which was 245% higher than that of the 1/1 pattern. The detection performance of the optimal fabric was extensively evaluated with a variety of ambient input sources, such as pressing, bending, twisting, and crumpling, as well as various human motions. Further, a large all-fabric pressure sensor with arrayed touch pixel units demonstrated highly sensitive and stable sensing performance.