bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic music interventions with people with dementia living in residential aged care: Perspectives of residents, family members and care home staff from a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lee Young‐Eun C. , Stretton‐Smith Phoebe A. , Tamplin Jeanette , Sousa Tanara Vieira , Baker Felicity A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite growing support for the benefits of music interventions in dementia care, the perspectives of people with dementia, their families and carers are often missing from the research. This study explored multiple perspectives and first‐person experiences of group music interventions delivered within a large cluster randomised controlled trial examining the effectiveness of group music therapy (GMT) and recreational choir singing (RCS) with people with dementia living in residential‐aged care (RAC) settings.MethodsFocus group and individual interviews with residents with dementia (n = 4), family members (n = 5) and care home staff (n = 15) were conducted following completion of the 6‐month GMT and/or RCS intervention and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.FindingsThree main themes were identified as follows: (1) direct and indirect intrapersonal benefits, (2) direct and indirect interpersonal benefits and (3) therapeutic music interventions versus entertainment. GMT and RCS supported residents' mood, enjoyment, engagement and connectedness to self and others within and post‐sessions, with flow‐on effects to family members, care staff and the care home environment. Participants differentiated GMT and RCS from other forms of music engagement in the RAC facilities and described feelings of post‐programme loss, highlighting ongoing meaning in active therapeutic music interventions.ConclusionThis research highlights the need for increased access to sustainable and meaningful activities, such as purposefully designed therapeutic music interventions in RAC. Improving knowledge about the distinct benefits of therapeutic music interventions compared with other forms of music engagement in RAC may assist nursing staff to make appropriate treatment planning decisions regarding therapeutic music programmes to meet the complex needs of residents with dementia.
The relationship between retinal structure and visual function in non‐immuno‐compromised people living with HIV without retinitis on antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Munsamy Alvin J , Brautaset Rune L , Moodley Anandan A 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study sought to establish the association between retinal morphology, visual function and linear parameters of cerebral atrophy in non‐immunocompromised people living with HIV (NIPLHIV).MethodsSixty participants (30 NIPLHIV, 30 controls), aged 18–45 years, were sourced from an outpatient clinic in South Africa. NIPLHIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) had elevated CD4 counts and low viral loads. Macula thickness and volume measurements were obtained using the Spectralis optical coherence tomographer. Contrast sensitivity (CS), colour vision and visual‐evoked potentials (VEP) were also obtained. Linear parameters of cerebral atrophy (Sylvian fissure ratio, SFR) and bicaudate nucleus ratio (BCR) were all acquired from computed tomography (CT) scans. Associations between retinal thickness and volume and visual function were established by principal component factor analysis.ResultsCS scores were indirectly associated with the Inner Nuclear Layer (INL)‐ETDRS thickness and volume subfields (co‐efficient = −0.07; p = 0.02 and −0.11; p = 0.001), respectively. F100 total error scores (TES) were directly associated with the thicknesses of Ganglion Cell Layer‐ETDRS subfields (co‐efficient = 6.06; p = 0.04) but indirectly associated with INL‐ETDRS subfields (co‐efficient = −5.49; p = 0.04). F100‐TES were indirectly associated with volumes of RNFL (Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer)‐ETDRS subfields (co‐efficient = −5.54; p = 0.02) and inner retina ‐ETDRS subfields (co‐efficient = −6.70; p = 0.02). P100 latency was directly associated with RNFL‐ETDRS subfield thickness (co‐efficient = 2.90; p = 0.02) and volumes of outer retina subfields (co‐efficient = 2.72; p = 0.04). CS scores were directly associated with SFR (co‐efficient = −0.04; p = 0.01). F100‐TES were directly associated with BCR (co‐efficient = 0.003; p = 0.004) and SFR (co‐efficient = 0.002; p = 0.02). P100 latency was indirectly associated with BCR (co‐efficient = −0.001; p = 0.03).ConclusionThe recognition of associations may be the first step in the proposal to develop a framework for the surveillance of vision in patients with NIPLHIV. We recommend a study of the sample population to track the stability of these observations before general recommendations for clinical care.
Early Detection of Pneumonia with the Help of Dementia in Geriatric Hip Fracture Patients
Authors: Tang Miao‐tian , Li Shang , Liu Xiao , Huang Xiang , Zhang Dian‐ying , Lei Ming‐xing 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of dementia in pneumonia among geriatric patients with hip fracture and further develop an algorithm for stratifying risk of developing postoperative pneumonia.MethodsThe algorithm was developed after retrospectively analyzing 1344 hip fracture patients in the National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation from 1992 to 2012. Twenty‐eight variables were analyzed for evaluating the ability to predict postoperative pneumonia. The validation of the algorithm was performed in the MIMIC‐III database after enrolling 235 patients.ResultsOne thousand five hundred and seventy‐nine patients were enrolled, 4.69% patients had postoperative pneumonia in our hospital, and 17.02% suffered pneumonia in the MIMIC‐III database. Dementia patients had more postoperative pneumonia (12.68%vs4.24%,P = 0.0075), as compared with patients without dementia. The algorithm included nine predictors: dementia, age, coronary heart disease, the American Society of Anesthesiologists score, surgical method, mechanical ventilation, anemia, hypoproteinemia, and high creatinine. Internal validation showed the algorithm with dementia could improve predictive performance, while external validation found the algorithm with or without dementia both had similar and good predictive ability.ConclusionsThe algorithm has the potential to be a pragmatic risk prediction tool to calculate risk of pneumonia in clinical practice and it may also be applicable in critically ill hip fracture patients with dementia.
Prospective study of disease persistence and lung function trajectories of childhood asthma
Authors: Tang Man Fung , Leung Agnes Sze Yin , Ngai Noelle Anne , Chan Oi Man , Wong Gary Wing Kin , Leung Ting Fan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundA proportion of asthmatic children outgrow their disease by adulthood, but there are limited data on predictors for asthma persistence. This prospective study characterized the trajectory of spirometric indices and identified predictors for the persistence of childhood asthma.MethodsChinese asthmatic children aged 6–15 years from pediatric allergy clinic underwent annual visits for ≥5 years and until their adulthood. Pre‐bronchodilator spirometry and anti‐asthma medications were recorded at baseline and then at least annually. Asthma resolution was defined when patients were free from asthma symptoms and use of anti‐asthma drugs for ≥2 years. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors for asthma persistence. Generalized estimating equation was used to analyze longitudinal changes in lung function parameters in relation to asthma persistence.Results181 asthmatic children aged [mean (SD)] 10.0 (2.7) years were followed for [mean (SD)] 12.5 (2.8) years. One third of them outgrew asthma during follow‐up. Female was 3.36 times more likely to have persistent asthma. Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment ever and frequent asthma exacerbation (AE) predicted asthma persistence with respective odds ratios of 3.19 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.44–7.09) and 3.05 (95% CI 1.39–6.68). Persistent asthma was inversely associated with baseline forced expiratory volume in 1‐second (FEV1%) with an odds ratio of 0.96 (95% CI 0.93–1.00). Throughout follow‐up, patients with persistent asthma had generally lower forced expiratory indices than those with asthma resolution. Children with persistent asthma experienced poorer lung function growth.ConclusionsFemale, ICS ever, and frequent AE predicted persistent asthma. Patients with persistent asthma had lower forced expiratory indices and poorer lung function growth into adulthood.
Ammonium and nitrate affect sexually different responses to salt stress in Populus cathayana
Authors: Liu Miao , Zhao Yang , Liu Xiucheng , Korpelainen Helena , Li Chunyang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNitrogen (N) fertilization is a promising approach to improve salt tolerance. However, it is poorly known how plant sex and inorganic N alter salt stress‐induced Na+ uptake, distribution and tolerance. This study employed Populus cathayana Rehder females and males to examine sex‐related mechanisms of salt tolerance under nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) nutrition. Males had a higher root Na+ efflux, lower root‐to‐shoot translocation of Na+, and higher K+/Na+, which enhanced salt tolerance under both N forms compared to females. On the other hand, decreased root Na+ efflux and K+ retention, and an increased ratio of Na+ in leaves relative to shoots in females caused greater salt sensitivity. Females receiving NH4+ rather than NO3− had greater net root Na+ uptake, K+ efflux, and translocation to the shoots, especially in leaves. In contrast, males receiving NO3− rather than NH4+ had increased Na+ translocation to the shoots, especially in the bark, which may narrow the difference in leaf damage by salt stress between N forms despite a higher shoot Na+ accumulation and lower root Na+ efflux. Genes related to cell wall synthesis, K+ and Na+ transporters, and denaturized protein scavenging in the barks showed differential expression between females and males in response to salt stress under both N forms. These results suggested that the regulation of N forms in salt stress tolerance was sex‐dependent, which was related to the maintenance of the K+/Na+ ratio in tissues, the ability of Na+ translocation to the shoots, and the transcriptional regulation of bark cell wall and proteolysis profiles.
Practical recommendations for considering culture, race, and ethnicity in personality psychology
Authors: Arshad Memoona , Chung Joanne M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPersonality science is the study of the individual. It aims to understand what makes people similar to others, different from some, and unique to themselves. However, there is room for research in personality to more thoughtfully consider culture, race, and ethnicity in order to better understand individual differences in people’s patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving. High impact personality journals rarely include such factors into the interpretation of results, and cross‐cultural and ethnic minority publications are limited within the discipline. This article offers a brief, non‐exhaustive overview of how culture, race, and ethnicity are examined in relation to personality, showing that: (1) social structures continue to be neglected in the research, (2) we can learn from research being conducted in neighboring areas, and (3) valuable work is already being done within personality psychology. We offer recommendations that emphasize community based participatory research methods, combined etic‐emic approaches, and contextualizing research findings to improve the consideration of culture, race, and ethnicity in personality research.
A case for a national registry of red blood cell antibodies
Authors: Mathur Gagan , Wilkinson Matthew B. , Island Eddie R. , Menitove Jay E. , Tilzer Lowell 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesRed blood cell (RBC) antibody levels diminish over time and negative antibody screen are commonly seen in patients with a history of antibodies. Most hospitals do not have access to a shared registry of antibodies previously detected at other hospitals.Materials and MethodsWe describe a case where the patient was found to be at high risk of bleeding during liver transplantation. Antibody screen on admission was negative but a history of anti‐Jka was identified on reviewing patient's history in local registry of RBC antibodies. The surgery was pushed back to arrange for antigen‐negative units. The patient received a total of 16 Jk(a−) RBC units during the admission.ResultsNo acute or delayed transfusion adverse reactions were seen. However, if the history of anti‐Jka identified at another local hospital was not known, approximately three‐quarters of the units transfused would have been Jk(a+). Transfusing Jk(a+) units could have potentially exposed the patient to risk of developing an acute and/or delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction which could have led to significant morbidity and perhaps mortality.ConclusionWith this case report, we build a case for developing a national registry of RBC antibodies to help improve patient safety and outcomes.
Teaching evidence‐based practice: Knowledge to implementation in a BSN program, part 1
Authors: Ruppel Kelly J. , Bone Beverley A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite increased recognition for the importance of evidence‐based practice (EBP), nurses still identify a need for more education and skill‐building in the process used to provide evidence‐based care. Nurse educators play a vital role in addressing these needs. This article is part 1 of a two‐part series.AimsTo describe an interactive learning process regarding EBP taught over two courses that allow students to not only appraise evidence but also implement evidence on a clinical unit. Part 1 focuses on course one, Evidence‐Based Practice, which takes place during junior year.MethodsIn course one, students learn about EBP steps 1–3. Faculty assign students to teams of three to four for an evidence‐based project. Project scenarios are written ahead of time by faculty, and student teams are given class time for project completion. After course completion, an anonymous survey was distributed to measure the student perceived achievement for the EBP learning objectives. Students responded to statements using a 5‐point Likert scale for level of agreement (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree) regarding achieving course objectives.ResultsThe evidence‐based project culminated with a PowerPoint presentation to the class with recommendations for nursing practice based on the best evidence for the scenario they were provided. Eighty students responded to the evaluation survey, and mean scores were 4.0 or higher. This finding indicates that students had a high degree of perceived achievement.Linking Evidence to ActionInteractive learning in teams promotes discussion and understanding of EBP and mimics real‐life EBP implementation. Implementing EBP steps should be tied to clinical scenarios or clinical situations to enhance student learning.
Localization of Thermal Wellbore Defects Using Machine Learning
Authors: Bruss Kathryn , Kim Raymond , Myers Taylor A. , Su Jiann-Cherng , Mazumdar Anirban 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDefect detection and localization are key to preventing environmentally damaging wellbore leakages in both geothermal and oil/gas applications. In this study, a multistep, machine learning approach is used to localize two types of thermal defects within a wellbore model. This approach includes a comsol heat transfer simulation to generate base data, a neural network to classify defect orientations, and a localization algorithm to synthesize sensor estimations into a predicted location. A small-scale physical wellbore test bed was created to verify the approach using experimental data. The classification and localization results were quantified using these experimental data. The classification predicted all experimental defect orientations correctly. The localization algorithm predicted the defect location with an average root-mean-square error of 1.49 in. The core contributions of this study are as follows: (1) the overall localization architecture, (2) the use of centroid-guided mean-shift clustering for localization, and (3) the experimental validation and quantification of performance.
Analysis of Low- and High-Temperature Heat Release in Dual-Fuel RCCI Engine and Its Relationship With Particle Emissions
Authors: Saxena Mohit Raj , Rana Sahil , Maurya Rakesh Kumar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study presents the influence of low-temperature heat release (LTHR) and high-temperature heat release (HTHR) on the combustion and particle number characteristics of the RCCI engine. The study investigates the relationship between the amount of LTHR, HTHR, and particle number emission characteristics. In this study, gasoline and methanol are used as low reactivity fuel (LRF), and diesel is used as a high reactivity fuel (HRF). The LRF is injected into the intake manifold using a port-fuel injection (PFI) strategy, and HRF is directly injected into the cylinder using a direct injection strategy. A particle sizer is used to measure particle emission in size ranging from 5 to 1000 nm. First, the LTHR and HTHR are analyzed for different diesel injection timing (SOI) for RCCI operation. Later, the variation of particle emissions with LTHR and HTHR is characterized. Additionally, empirical correlations are developed to understand the relation between the LTHR and HTHR with particle emission. Two-staged auto-ignition of charge has been observed in RCCI combustion. Results depict that LTHR varies with diesel injection timing and the phasing of HTHR depends on the amount and location of LTHR. Results also showed that HTHR and LTHR significantly influence the formation of particle number concentration in RCCI combustion. The developed empirical correlation depicts a good correlation between diesel SOI and the ratio of HTHR to LTHR to estimate total particle number concentration.
Statistical Methods to Improve the Quality of Real-Time Drilling Data
Authors: Al-Gharbi Salem , Al-Majed Abdulaziz , Abdulraheem Abdulazeez , Tariq Zeeshan , Mahmoud Mohamed 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The age of easy oil is ending, and the industry started drilling in remote unconventional conditions. To help produce safer, faster, and most effective operations, the utilization of artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) has become essential. Unfortunately, due to the harsh environments of drilling and the data-transmission setup, a significant amount of the real-time data could defect. The quality and effectiveness of AI/ML models are directly related to the quality of the input data; only if the input data are good, the AI/ML-generated analytical and prediction models will be good. Improving the real-time data is therefore critical to the drilling industry. The objective of this paper is to propose an automated approach using eight statistical data-quality improvement algorithms on real-time drilling data. These techniques are Kalman filtering, moving average, kernel regression, median filter, exponential smoothing, lowess, wavelet filtering, and polynomial. A dataset of +150,000 rows is fed into the algorithms, and their customizable parameters are calibrated to achieve the best improvement result. An evaluation methodology is developed based on real-time drilling data characteristics to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each algorithm which were highlighted. Based on the evaluation criteria, the best results were achieved using the exponential smoothing, median filter, and moving average. Exponential smoothing and median filter techniques improved the quality of data by removing most of the invalid data-points; the moving average removed more invalid data-points but trimmed the data range.
100th Anniversary Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Division Paper
A Review of Advances in Modeling of Conventional Machining Processes: From Merchant to the Present
Authors: Melkote S. , Liang S. , Özel T. , Jawahir I. S. , Stephenson D. A. , Wang B. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a review of recent advances in modeling and simulation of conventional metal machining processes, which continue to dominate a significant part of all machining processes, and in recent years, the need for predictive models for machining processes has grown in importance in the digital manufacturing age. Significant advances have been made in modeling the mechanics of cutting in conventional machining, driven by industrial need and enabled by rapid advances in computational power. The paper surveys the state-of-the-art in analytical and numerical modeling of conventional metal machining processes with a focus on their ability to predict useful performance attributes including chip geometry, forces, temperatures, tool wear, residual stress, and microstructure. Also included in the review is a discussion of the industrial use of modeling and simulation tools for conventional machining. Additionally, the practical applicability, implementation benefits, and methodological limitations of conventional machining process modeling have been examined. The paper concludes with a summary of future research directions in modeling and simulation of conventional metal machining processes.
Numerical Simulation of Ultrasonic Spot Welding of Superelastic NiTi Alloys: Temperature Distribution and Deformation Behavior
Authors: Wang Yuxin , Ao Sansan , Zhang Wei , Wang Anqi , Cheng Mingpeng , Chen Yi , Oliveira J. P. , Zeng Z. , Luo Zhen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Ultrasonic spot welding (USW) has attracted increasing attention due to its high-throughput solid-state bonding mechanism, which shows great potential in the semiconductor and automotive industries for joining of metal sheets. However, the short welding cycle makes it challenging to effectively monitor the temperature history and deformation of the workpieces during the process. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis model for USW of superelastic NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) with Cu interlayer was developed using ansysworkbench. The thermal-stress coupled phenomena including the heat generation and stress distribution during the welding process were simulated and analyzed. First, a superelastic constitutive model for NiTi SMAs was constructed. The distribution of temperature and stress fields was then obtained by thermal-stress analysis using the direct coupling method, and the superelasticity of SMAs was observed. The simulation results showed that the highest temperature occurred in the center of the welding area during USW, which is proportional to the welding time and inversely proportional to the clamping pressure. In addition, the maximum stress occurred at the center of the contact surface between upper NiTi and Cu interlayer. After that, the validity of the simulation results was verified by setting up a thermocouple temperature measurement platform to collect the temperature data, which exhibited a good agreement with the simulated results. The simulation procedure demonstrates its potential to predict temperature and stress distributions during the USW process.