bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scientific literacy and preferred resources used by Latin American medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multinational survey
Authors: Nicolalde Bryan , Añazco Diego , Jaramillo-Cartwright Maria Jose , Salinas Ivonne , Pacheco-Carrillo Aldo , Hernández-Chávez Saliha , Moyano Gimena , Teran Enrique 
Published: March 2022

Background:This study aims to identify the preferred sources for acquiring knowledge about COVID-19 and to evaluate basic knowledge on critical scientific literature appraisal in students from medical schools located in Spanish speaking countries in Latin America. Methods:We designed an online survey of 15 closed-ended questions related to demographics, preferred resources for COVID-19 training, and items to assess critical appraisal skills. A snowball method was used for sampling. We conducted a descriptive analysis and Chi-squared tests to compare the proportion of correct identification of the concept of a preprint and a predatory journal when considering a) self-perceived level of knowledge, b) public vs private school, c) inclusion of a scientific literature appraisal subject in the curriculum, and d) progress in medical school.Results:Our sample included 770 valid responses, out of which most of the participants included were from Mexico (n=283, 36.8%) and Ecuador (n=229, 29.7%). Participants preferred using evidence-based clinical resources (EBCRs) to learn more about COVID-19 (n=182, 23.6%). The preferred study design was case report/series (n=218, 28.1%). We found that only 265 participants correctly identified the concept of a preprint (34.4%), while 243 students (31.6%) correctly identified the characteristics of a predatory journal. We found no significant differences in the proportion of correct answers regardless of the self-perceived level of knowledge, progress in medical school, or scientific literature critical appraisal classes.Conclusion:This study is novel in its approach of identifying sources of knowledge used by Latin American medical students and provides insights into the need to reinforce training in critical appraisal of scientific literature during medical school.
The effects of multimedia information on recruitment and retention in a children’s cardiac surgery trial: a randomised controlled SWAT (study within a trial)
Authors: Knapp Peter , Heys Rachael , Dabner Lucy , Sheehan Karen , Smartt Helena , Walker-Smith Terrie , Rogers Chris A , Stoica Serban , Roche Jenny , Moe-Byrne Thirimon , Martin-Kerry Jacqueline M , Sheridan Rebecca , Coleman Elizabeth , Higgins Steven 
Published: March 2022

Background: Digital multimedia information (MMI) has potential for use in trial recruitment but there is little formal evaluation. The objectives were to evaluate digital MMI about a trial for its effects on recruitment, retention, participation decisions, and patients’ acceptability, compared with printed information (PIS) alone and when combined with PIS. Methods: SWAT (study within a trial) using random parallel-group individual allocation within the Thermic-3 trial evaluating warm versus cold cardioplegia solution during cardiac surgery. Set in one UK hospital, participants were 147 children (0-16 years) awaiting surgery for congenital heart defects; 38% were female. Participants and their parents/guardian received trial information via multimedia (including text, animated videos and talking-head videos) for viewing at home (MMI group; n=49), or PIS (PIS group; n=47), or both (PIS&MMI group; n=51). Primary outcome was recruitment rate to the Thermic-3 trial comparing PIS-alone and MMI-alone. Secondary outcomes were recruitment rate comparing PIS-alone and combined PIS&MMI; Decision-Making Questionnaire; 3 ‘free-text’ questions (deriving subjective evaluations); trial retention. Results: MMI produced a 14.2% absolute increase in recruitment, which was not statistically significant: 32 (65.3%) participants were recruited from the MMI group; 24 (51.1%) from the PIS group (OR 1.80; 95% CI 0.79 to 4.10, p = 0.16); and 22 from the PIS&MMI group. There was no difference in recruitment through combined PIS&MMI (43.1% vs 51.1%; OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.33 to 1.61; p= 0.43). Questionnaires were returned by 17 (12%) participants and analysed descriptively. Trial retention (at 3 months) was high in all groups (72/77; 93.5% overall) and there was no difference due to information format received before participating. Conclusions: MMI increased recruitment to the Thermic-3 trial but the difference was not statistically significant, and the SWAT was small. Trial registration: TRECA ISRCTN73136092 and NI Hub for Trials Methodology Research SWAT Repository (SWAT 97). Thermic-3: ISRCTN13467772.
Corneal endothelial morphology of healthy myopic Malaysian children of Chinese ethnicity aged 8-9 years and its association with axial length
Authors: Norhani Mohidin , Low Yu Chen , Bariah Mohd-Ali , Mizhanim Mohamad Shahimin , Norlaili Arif 
Published: March 2022

Background: This is a cross-sectional study to further understand the effects of axial length elongation on the corneal endothelial cell’s morphology in myopic children. Abnormal changes in the morphology of corneal endothelium are indicators of corneal stress or instability which could be linked to myopia. Methods: 111 school children comprising of 37 emmetropes, 37 mild myopes and 37 moderate myopes aged 8-9 years old were recruited. Visual acuity was measured using the LogMar chart, cycloplegic refraction was determined using an open-field autorefractor (Grand Seiko WAM-5100, Hiroshima, Japan) and refined using subjective refraction. Morphology of corneal endothelial cells [endothelial cell density, coefficient of variation, hexagonality and central corneal thickness] was evaluated using a non-contact specular microscope (Topcon SP-2000P). Axial length was measured with A-scan ultrasound biometry (PacScan Plus, Sonomed Escalon, NY). The correlation between morphology of corneal endothelial cells and axial length were assessed using Pearson Correlation and Linear regression analysis. Results: There was no significant difference in corneal endothelial cells and axial length between gender (p>0.05). Significant reduction in endothelial cells density and hexagonality and increased coefficient of variation was found in eyes of higher myopic power which had longer axial when compared to emmetropes (p<0.001). Except for central corneal thickness, all corneal endothelial cells parameters correlated significantly with axial length (p<0.05). For every 1mm increase in axial length, endothelial cells density decreased by 73.27cells/mm2, hexagonality decreased by 2.32% and coefficient of variation increased by 1.75%. Conclusions: There were significant changes in morphology of cornea endothelial cells in young moderate myopic children of Chinese ethnicity at 8-9 years of age. This result provides normative data for Malaysian children of Chinese ethnicity that can be used for comparison and reference for clinical procedures, thereby facilitating decision-making with respect to interventions for myopia control, especially in prescribing contact lens for children.
Projecting future health and service use among older people in Ireland: an overview of a dynamic microsimulation model in The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)
Authors: May Peter , Normand Charles , Matthews Soraya , Kenny Rose Anne , Romero-Ortuno Roman , Tysinger Bryan 
Published: March 2022

Background: Demographic ageing is a population health success story but poses unprecedented policy challenges in the 21st century. Policymakers must prepare health systems, economies and societies for these challenges. Policy choices can be usefully informed by models that evaluate outcomes and trade-offs in advance under different scenarios. Methods: We developed a dynamic demographic-economic microsimulation model for the population aged 50 and over in Ireland: the Irish Future Older Adults Model (IFOAM). Our principal dataset was The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). We employed first-order Markovian competing risks models to estimate transition probabilities of TILDA participants to different outcomes: diagnosis of serious diseases, functional limitations, risk-modifying behaviours, health care use and mortality. We combined transition probabilities with the characteristics of the stock population to estimate biennial changes in outcome state. Results: IFOAM projections estimated large annual increases in total deaths, in the number of people living and dying with serious illness and functional impairment, and in demand for hospital care between 2018 and 2040. The most important driver of these increases is the rising absolute number of older people in Ireland as the population ages. The increasing proportion of older old and oldest old citizens is projected to increase the average prevalence of chronic conditions and functional limitations. We deemed internal validity to be good but lacked external benchmarks for validation and corroboration of most outcomes. Conclusion: We have developed and validated a microsimulation model that predicts future health and related outcomes among older people in Ireland. Future research should address identified policy questions. The model enhances the capacity of researchers and policymakers to quantitatively forecast future health and economic dynamics among older people in Ireland, to evaluate ex ante policy responses to these dynamics, and to collaborate internationally on global challenges associated with demographic ageing.
Towards ethical good practice in cash transfer trials and their evaluation.
Authors: Howard Neil 
Published: March 2022

Over the past 20 years, cash transfers have become increasingly widespread within international development and global social policy. Often, their roll out is preceded by a trial or pilot phase aiming to check feasibility and effectiveness. These pilots can involve thousands of people. However, there is limited discussion within the literature (and even less in practice) of how and whether cash transfer trials and the research that they involve can respect ethical standards. This paper represents an initial step towards filling that gap. It does so by reviewing the latest literature pertaining to the ethics of cash transfers and social experimentation. It concludes by advancing a series of proposals that could support cash transfer trials to take place with greater respect for research ethics norms and in the best interests of participants. The paper’s findings have relevance for policymakers and development practitioners working with cash transfers and also for the smaller cognate world of Unconditional Basic Income (UBI) piloting.
SUBSTITUTED 4-NITROSOPYRAZOLES IN THE DIELS-ALDER REACTION
Authors: Volkova Darya S. , Popov Arkadiy A. , Root Evgeny V. , Kukushkin Alexey A. , Suboch George A. 
Published: March 2022

Background. 4-Nitrosopyrazoles have become widespread in the pharmaceutical industry and in chemistry due to their high reactivity and biological activity. However, the interaction of 3,5-substituted 4-nitroso-1H-pyrazoles with diene hydrocarbons has not been studied to date.
Purpose. Study of diene condensation of tetraphenylcyclopentadienone with 3,5-dimethyl-4-nitroso-1H-pyrazole and 3(5)-methyl-4-nitroso-5(3)-phenyl-1H-pyrazole; proof of the structure of the obtained compounds; prediction of potential positive biological activity.
Materials and methods. Research methods include: directed organic synthesis, thin-layer chromatography, chromato-mass spectra, prediction of biological activity using the PASS-online web-resource.
Results. Substituted oxazines, pyrazoles and but-2-en-1-ones were synthesized. Fragmentation decays based on the mass spectrum of the obtained compounds confirm their molecular weight and structure. The PASS-online program predicts potential biological activity.
Conclusion. Substituted oxazines, pyrazoles and but-2-en-1-ones were obtained for the first time by the Diels-Alder reaction, the structure of which was proved by HPLC/MS. Based on the output data of the PASS-online program, the synthesized substances are taurine dehydrogenase inhibitors and exhibit antitumor effect.
ECOLOGICAL SAFETY IN THE ECOLOGICAL CONSCIOUSNESS OF PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Maltseva Svetlana M. , Balashova Elena S. , Bystrova Natalya V. , Stroganov Dmitry A. 
Published: March 2022

Despite the availability of scientific materials related to social well-being, environmental awareness and a sense of environmental safety in it among the population, there is still not enough research, especially domestic, on the example of individual groups of the population, for example, students. However, this is also necessary for developing solutions to the global environmental problem and its local manifestations. It is especially important in this regard to appeal to the ecological consciousness of students of a pedagogical university, who in the near future will carry their knowledge and feelings into the environment of the younger generation of the country. Ecological safety is considered by us as the basis of ecological consciousness in the structure of public consciousness.
The aim of the work was to assess the feeling of environmental safety and readiness to combat possible environmental hazards among first-year students of a pedagogical university. The main methods used in the study are the dialectical method, methods of mass survey and comparative data analysis.
Results. With the severity of the affective-evaluative component of environmental consciousness, students of the pedagogical university found a greater readiness for environmental behavior than other social groups.
PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZATION OF FOREIGN TRADE TURNOVER OF MEDICINES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Aksenov Ilia A. 
Published: March 2022

Background. The quality of medicines plays an important role for the national security of any state. The pharmaceutical industry in the Russian Federation is steadily developing. Imported medicines occupy a significant share of the domestic pharmacological market.
Purpose. It consists in identifying problems and developing recommendations in the field of organizing foreign trade circulation of medicines in the Russian Federation.
Materials and methods. The normative legal basis of the study is the Customs Code of the Eurasian Economic Union, Federal Law dated 03.08.2018 No. 289-FZ (as amended on 24.02.2021) “On customs regulation in the Russian Federation and on amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation”, Federal Law dated 12.04.2010 No. 61-FZ (as amended on 01.01.2021) “On the Circulation of Medicines”, etc.
Results. The market for medicines in the Russian Federation is characterized by a high degree of import dependence. In recent years, the Russian Federation has been pursuing an active policy of import substitution, which contributes to a gradual decrease in the share of imported medicines. At the same time, the share of drug imports in the country remains quite high. This requires the regulatory authorities to take effective action to combat illicit pharmaceuticals trafficking.
Conclusion. Analysis of the pharmaceutical market in the Russian Federation made it possible to note a high share of imported pharmaceuticals in the Russian Federation – over 60%.
Order Protection Through Delayed Messaging
Authors: Aldrich Eric M. , Friedman Daniel 
Published: March 2022

Several financial exchanges (e.g., IEX and NYSE American) recently introduced messaging delays to protect ordinary investors from high-frequency traders who exploit stale orders. To capture the impact of such delays, we propose a simple parametric model of the continuous double auction market format. The model examines the dynamics of midpoint pegged order queues and finds their steady states. It shows how messaging delays can protect pegged orders and improve investor welfare, but typically increase queuing costs. Recently available field data show that the empirical distribution of queued pegged orders is highly leptokurtotic and resembles the discrete Laplace distribution predicted by the model. This paper was accepted by Haoxiang Zhu, finance. Funding: Financial support from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [Grant 741409] and the Center for Analytical Finance at the University of California Santa Cruz [seed funding of the Experimental High-Frequency Trading project, of which this paper is a part] is gratefully acknowledged. Supplemental Material: The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4370 .
Do preoperative intra-articular injections of corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid increase the risk of infection after total knee arthroplasty? A meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Xurong , Li Li , Ren Xiaonan , Nie Lixiong 
Published: March 2022

Aims There is conflicting evidence on the safety of intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid (HA) or corticosteroids (CSs) before total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We performed a meta-analysis of the relationship between intra-articular injections and subsequent infection rates after TKA. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for cohort studies that assessed the effect of preoperative injection of drugs into the joint cavity on the infection rate after TKA. The outcomes analyzed included the total infection rate, as well as those for different preoperative injection time periods and different drugs. Results Eight studies, including 73,880 in the injection group and 126,187 in the control group, met the inclusion criteria. The injection group had a significantly higher postoperative infection rate than the control group (risk ratio (RR) 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07 to 1.27; p < 0.001; I2 = 32%). For patients who received injections up to three months preoperatively, the postoperative infection risk was significantly higher than that in the control group (RR 1.26; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.35; p＜0.001; I2 = 0%). There was no significant difference in the infection rates between the four-to-six-month injection and control groups (RR 1.12; 95% CI 0.93 to 1.35; p = 0.240; I2 = 75%) or between the seven-to-12-month injection and control groups (RR 1.02; 95% CI 0.94 to 1.12; p = 0.600; I2 = 0%). Conclusion Current evidence suggests that intra-articular injections of CSs or HA before TKA increase the risk of postoperative infection. Injections administered more than three months before TKA do not significantly increase the risk of infection. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(3):171–179.
In love with machines: The bioethical debate about sexual automation
Authors: Carvalho Nascimento Elen Cristina , da Silva Eugenio , Siqueira-Batista Rodrigo 
Published: March 2022

A few companies around the world are now developing and selling sex robots. Questions such as “how will relationships with robots’ impact human relations in the future” emerge when technologies are used to meet the social and emotional needs of individuals. Considering that technology and design have embedded values and biases, this article surveys the use of sex robots from a bioethical perspective. Relationships with robots and computational systems, like Artificial Intelligence, are a possibility for many people around the world. We present questions raised by the voices in favor of robot sex, and against it. Beyond a binary polarization, the bioethical perspective recalls the Foucaultian concepts of biopolitics and biopower to situate the problems with the mechanization of intimate relationships. We argue that sex robots offer the opportunity to review old patterns regarding gender, inequality, and health.
Fast algorithm based on the Hilbert transform for high-speed absolute distance measurement using a frequency scanning interferometry method
Authors: Li Xiuming , Duan Fajie , Fu Xiao , Bao Ruijia , Jiang Jiajia , Zhang Cong 
Published: March 2022

Frequency scanning interferometry using state-of-the-art high-speed
frequency-swept laser source can be utilized to measure absolute
distance on the order of micrometers to centimeters. Current distance
demodulation methods based on fast Fourier transform (FFT) or fringe
counting cannot achieve satisfactory accuracy when the number of
sampling points within a frequency-sweeping period is small; the
conventional Hilbert transform is more accurate, but it needs
arctangent calculation and phase unwrapping, which is time consuming.
So we propose a fast algorithm based on the conventional Hilbert
transform to recover the distance from the interference signal. The
algorithm is implemented by first performing a Hilbert transform and
then solving the phase and the distance from the Hilbert signal with a
novel, to the best of our knowledge, method that eliminates the need
for arctangent calculation and phase unwrapping. The whole process
took only 40 µs, and it is almost 2 times faster than the conventional
Hilbert algorithm with little accuracy lost. Simulation results
demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is more accurate than the FFT
algorithm, and it achieved a standard deviation of 0.062 µm, which was
less than that of the FFT, in our experiment at a distance of
approximately 16 mm and measurement speed of 1 kHz.
Weld feature extraction method based on inter-frame constraint and dynamic template
Authors: Mei Zhen , Qi Lizhe , Xu Min , Sun Yunquan 
Published: March 2022

Welding as an industrial tailor is key to intelligent manufacturing technology. With the development of robots and digital manufacturing technology, autonomous programming intelligent welding robots have emerged. The seam tracking system based on active vision is widely used because of its high precision and obvious characteristics. However, the complexity of the welding environment, the interference of arc splash, and the reflection and local deformation of the workpiece will affect the extraction of weld characteristics. Based on the correlation and difference of adjacent frames in the continuous welding process, this paper combines the point and line characteristics of laser lines and proposes a weld feature extraction method based on an inter-frame constraint and dynamic template. The experimental results show that the distance error of the proposed method is within three pixels, and the average processing time of each frame is 9.6 ms. This method can realize weld feature extraction in the case of object reflection, arc splash, and local deformation, and has certain robustness.