bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical method needs in measuring greenhouse gas fluxes
Authors: Bastviken David , Wilk Julie , Duc Nguyen Thanh , Gålfalk Magnus , Karlson Martin , Neset Tina-Simone , Opach Tomasz , Enrich-Prast Alex , Sundgren Ingrid 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Reaching climate goals depends on appropriate and accurate methods to quantify greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes and to verify that efforts to mitigate GHG emissions are effective. We here highlight critical advantages, limitations, and needs regarding GHG flux measurement methods, identified from an analysis of >13 500 scientific publications regarding three long-lived GHGs, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). While existing methods are well-suited for assessing atmospheric changes and local fluxes, they are expensive and have limited accessibility. Further, we are typically forced to choose between methods for very local GHG sources and sinks and their regulation (m2-scaled measurements), or methods for aggregated net fluxes at >ha or km2 scales measurements. The results highlight the key need of accessible and affordable GHG flux measurement methods for the many flux types not quantifiable from fossil fuel use, to better verify inventories and mitigation efforts for transparency and accountability under the Paris agreement. The situation also calls for novel methods, capable of quantifying large scale GHG flux patterns while simultaneously distinguishing local source and sink dynamics and reveal flux regulation, representing key knowledge for quantitative GHG flux modeling. Possible strategies to address the identified GHG flux measurement method needs are discussed. The analysis also generated indications of how GHG flux measurements have been distributed geographically and across flux types, which are reported.
From noncommutative geometry to random matrix theory
Authors: Hessam Hamed , Khalkhali Masoud , Pagliaroli Nathan , Verhoeven Luuk S 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We review recent progress in the analytic study of random matrix models suggested by noncommutative geometry. One considers fuzzy spectral triples where the space of possible Dirac operators is assigned a probability distribution. These ensembles of Dirac operators are constructed as toy models of Euclidean quantum gravity on finite noncommutative spaces and display many interesting properties. The ensembles exhibit spectral phase transitions, and near these phase transitions they show manifold-like behavior. In certain cases one can recover Liouville quantum gravity in the double scaling limit. We highlight examples where bootstrap techniques, Coulomb gas methods, and Topological Recursion are applicable.
Nonlinear dynamics of an epidemic compartment model with asymptomatic infections and mitigation
Authors: Görtz Maurice , Krug Joachim 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A significant proportion of the infections driving the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic are transmitted asymptomatically. Here we introduce and study a simple epidemic model with separate compartments comprising asymptomatic and symptomatic infected individuals. The linear dynamics determining the outbreak condition of the model is equivalent to a renewal theory approach with exponential waiting time distributions. Exploiting a nontrivial conservation law of the full nonlinear dynamics, we derive analytic bounds on the peak number of infections in the absence and presence of mitigation through isolation and testing. The bounds are compared to numerical solutions of the differential equations.
Criticism of the organoleptic examination for the diagnosis of oral halitosis
Authors: Aydin Murat 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Due to the fact that only a human can judge the objectionability of an odor, organoleptic examination (sniffing and scoring oral odor) was used as a reference standard of oral halitosis measurement. However, there are several problems that make the diagnostic value of organoleptic examination questionable. There is no universally accepted, precise definition, standardization or calibration in organoleptic examination, including scoring, scaling or safety protocols. Standardization, calibration, reproducibility, reliability, objectivity, specificity, accuracy and sensitivity of organoleptic measurements are doubtful. It is extremely subjective, emotional, instinctive, intuitive, speculative, hedonic and highly flexible. In addition, it is found to be repulsive, primitive and moreover even shame is experienced by patients and examiners. Non-standard protocols on pre-measurement, scoring, scaling, and training processes may cause misinterpretation or misdiagnosis since it depends on the examiner’s emotional mood, gender, ethnicity, odor detection spectrum, threshold and even climatic conditions. It is not the gold standard, and not even considered standard. It is difficult to recognize, identify or focus on a particular gas among thousands in the breath. Organoleptic examination may not be necessary due to it not being a good diagnostic tool for halitosis. There may be an infection risk for sniffers or patients. Moreover, female examiners may have disadvantages in olfactory accuracy during organoleptic examination since menstruation, pregnancy and menopause may alter their odor sensation. In addition, age limits the reliability of examiners due to age-related smell loss. According to the psychophysics laws, the human nose can recognize odors logarithmically. There is no reason to think that scoring the oral malodor by sniffing the mouth of the patients obtains sufficient evidence for the diagnosis of halitosis. Portable multi-gas detectors and electronic noses, can be suggested as an alternative instead of sniffing patients. This is the first paper in the literature to criticize organoleptic examination, revalue its health risks and inconsistencies in assessment protocols.
Secured Optimal Path to Identify the Networking Model using Cold Chain Logistics in Hospital Environment
Authors: Vijaiprabhu G. , Pandia Rajammal P. , Rema Devi S. , Karthika P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Logistics refers to moving commodities from one location to another, typically from a manufacturing facility to a client. A logistics network is a collection of activities that include product creation, production, and distribution. Chain of custody Logistics are items that must be carried chilled from the manufacturing facility to the customer. Because of work with logistics networks, a secure networking model is required. This post will look at an intelligent secured networking model for determining the best route for cold chain logistics to a hospital setting. The best and shortest path between points A and B is found using the optimal pathfinder. It also takes traffic and transportation costs into account. Medicines and vaccines that must store at a specific temperature are part of the cold chain logistics for the hospital environment. As a result, path optimization is more important in cold chain logistics than in other types of logistics in the hospital environment. The Bee-Ant Optimization Algorithm (BAOA) is proposed in this study to perform intelligent transportation to a healthcare setting. The suggested approach is compared to the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Bee Colony Optimization (BCO), and Neural Network Model algorithms already in use. According to the data, the proposed algorithm has a 98.83% accuracy rate for delivering logistics to the hospital environment.
The global landscape of approved antibody therapies
Authors: Lyu Xiaochen , Zhao Qichao , Hui Julia , Wang Tiffany , Lin Mengyi , Wang Keying , Zhang Jialing , Shentu Jiaqian , Dalby Paul A , Zhang Hongyu , Liu Bo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAntibody therapies have become an important class of therapeutics in recent years as they have exhibited outstanding efficacy and safety in the treatment of several major diseases including cancers, immune-related diseases, infectious disease and hematological disease. There has been significant progress in the global research and development landscape of antibody therapies in the past decade. In this review, we have collected available data from the Umabs Antibody Therapies Database (Umabs-DB, https://umabs.com) as of 30 June 2022. The Umabs-DB shows that 162 antibody therapies have been approved by at least one regulatory agency in the world, including 122 approvals in the US, followed by 114 in Europe, 82 in Japan and 73 in China, whereas biosimilar, diagnostic and veterinary antibodies are not included in our statistics. Although the US and Europe have been at the leading position for decades, rapid advancement has been witnessed in Japan and China in the past decade. The approved antibody therapies include 115 canonical antibodies, 14 antibody-drug conjugates, 7 bispecific antibodies, 8 antibody fragments, 3 radiolabeled antibodies, 1 antibody-conjugate immunotoxin, 2 immunoconjugates and 12 Fc-Fusion proteins. They have been developed against 91 drug targets, of which PD-1 is the most popular, with 14 approved antibody-based blockades for cancer treatment in the world. This review outlined the global landscape of the approved antibody therapies with respect to the regulation agencies, therapeutic targets and indications, aiming to provide an insight into the trends of the global development of antibody therapies.
Constitutional Design and the Point of Constitutional Law
Authors: Casey Conor 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
This essay offers an account of the diverse range of rich insights Professor Finnis’s work offers for several perennial questions of constitutional theory: such as what valuable moral ends constitutional law serves, how best to approach the design of constitutional arrangements and institutions, and how to best approach constitutional interpretation. I proceed in four parts. The first two parts begin by looking at Finnis’s treatment of the purpose of law as a social practice and then, more specifically, the point or purpose of channeling political power through constitutional law. Having outlined the point or purpose of constitutional law and constitutional institutions, I then probe what Finnis has to say about questions of constitutional design. Finally, I give an account of how Finnis’s work approaches constitutional interpretation.
Caution on Using Tetrahydrofuran for Processing Crystalline Silica Samples From Engineered Stone for XRD Analysis
Authors: Qi Chaolong , Thompson Drew , Amy Feng H 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We conducted laboratory experiments to investigate a suspected effect of tetrahydrofuran (THF) on quantifying crystalline silica in samples collected from working with engineered stone when THF is used to process samples prior to the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Two groups of samples from grinding either engineered stone or granite were simultaneously taken from a laboratory testing system, with one group of samples using THF for processing and another group using muffle furnace for ashing. For each stone type, we also tested four levels of respirable dust loading on the samples by varying the grinding time from 1 to 8 min. Statistical analysis of the experimental results on crystalline silica contents of the two groups of samples showed that the difference between the two methods was not significant (P ≥ 0.05) for the granite at all four levels of respirable dust loading and for the engineered stone at the two levels of respirable dust loading greater than 0.5 mg. However, the crystalline silica content from using THF processing was significantly lower (P = 0.001) than that from using muffle furnace ashing for engineered stone when the respirable dust loading levels were less than 0.5 mg. For the engineered stone dust samples with grinding times of 1 and 2 min, the average respirable dust loading was about 0.19 and 0.34 mg, respectively; while the crystalline silica content from using THF processing was 30.9 and 21.5% lower than that from using muffle furnace ashing, respectively. Since most full-shift samples from field assessments in this industry are expected to have respirable dust loading less than 0.5 mg, muffle furnace or radio frequency plasma ashing should be specified as the preferred sample processing method instead of the THF processing method for quantification of crystalline silica when engineered stone is expected to present to avoid artificially reduced silica content values, which are likely caused by the reactions between THF and the resins in engineered stone.
Enhancing Deep-Learning Based Side-Channel Analysis Through Simultaneously Multi-Byte Training
Authors: Jin Chengbin , Zhou Yongbin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Preparing a large number of physical traces is an important first step in Side-Channel Analysis, especially in Deep-Learning based Side-Channel Analysis (DL-SCA). With sufficient training data and a proper modeling algorithm, the secret key of cryptographic devices can be successfully recovered with a small number of attacking data. However, in reality, it may be impossible or difficult, in some threat models, to collect sufficient data due to various resource constraints. In this case, the performance of DL-SCA will be severely decreased. In this work, we propose an easy-to-implement method to achieve an efficient DL-SCA with a small number of training data in the scenario of software-based cryptographic implementations. Our simultaneously multi-byte training method, which trains the model with side-channel leakage characteristics of different byte intermediate values, significantly enhances the robustness and performance of DL-SCA. The simulated experiment shows that our method achieves more robust profiling. The success rate of recovering a secret AES key can be improved by 250% with the same collected data. The results of attacking real-world COTS USIM cards are consistent with the ones of simulation-based counterparts. Compared with state-of-the-art data-augmentation techniques, our results show that the proposed method can achieve the same or even better performance without additional generated training data.
Infants’ Use of Iconicity in the Early Periods of Sign/Spoken Word-Learning
Authors: Fuks Orit 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The aim of this research was to analyze the use of iconicity during language acquisition of Israeli Sign language and spoken Hebrew. Two bilingual-bimodal infants were observed in a longitudinal study between the ages of 10–26 months. I analyzed infants’ production of iconic words, signs, and gestures. The results showed that infants’ use of vocal iconicity reached its peak between the ages of 16–20 months. The proportion of imagic iconic signs in the infants’ lexicon was also high during that period. In contrast, the infants’ use of iconic gestures gradually increased during the study period, as well as their co-production with lexical items. The results suggest that infants’ use of lexical and gestural iconicity scaffold the learning of novel labels and fill the gap in their expressive repertoire. It was concluded that teachers/therapists should use iconicity and encourage their students to use it in pedagogical settings.
Factors associated with an unsuccessful fast-track course following minimally invasive surgical mitral valve repair
Authors: Van Praet Karel M , Kofler Markus , Hirsch Solveig , Akansel Serdar , Hommel Matthias , Sündermann Simon H , Meyer Alexander , Jacobs Stephan , Falk Volkmar , Kempfert Jörg 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Analyses of fast-track (FT) processes demonstrated that low-risk cardiac surgical patients require minimal intensive care, with a low incidence of mortality or morbidity. We investigated perioperative factors and their association with fast-track failure (FTF) in a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing minimally invasive mitral valve surgery.

METHODS
Patients undergoing minimally invasive surgical mitral valve repair for Carpentier type I or type II mitral regurgitation between 2014 and 2020 were included in the study. The definition of FTF consisted of &gt;10 h mechanical ventilation, &gt;24 h intensive care unit stay, reintubation after extubation and re-admission to the intensive care unit. Multivariable logistic regression analysis enabled the identification of factors associated with FTF.

RESULTS
In total, 491 patients were included in the study and were analysed. Two hundred and thirty-seven patients (48.3%) failed the FT protocol. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that a New York Heart Association classification ≥III [odds ratio (OR) 2.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.38–3.08; P &lt; 0.001], pre-existing chronic kidney disease (OR 2.03; 95% CI 1.14–3.70; P = 0.018), coronary artery disease (OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.13–3.23; P = 0.016), postoperative bleeding requiring surgical revision (OR 8.36; 95% CI 2.81–36.01; P &lt; 0.001) and procedure time (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1.01–1.01; P &lt; 0.001) were independently associated with FTF.

CONCLUSIONS
Factors associated with FTF in patients with Carpentier type I and II pathologies undergoing minimally invasive mitral valve repair are a New York Heart Association classification III–IV at baseline, pre-existing chronic kidney disease and coronary artery disease. Postoperative bleeding requiring rethoracotomy and procedure time were also identified as important factors associated with failed FT.
Phenotype microarray analysis reveals the biotransformation of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici influenced by Bacillus subtilis PBE-8 metabolites
Authors: Mishra Aradhana , Bhattacharya Arpita , Chauhan Priyanka , Pandey Shipra , Dwivedi Ashish 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Herein, Bacillus subtilis PBE-8′s biocontrol efficacy was evaluated through physiological and metabolic approaches against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL). The study elaborates on PBE-8′s cell-free filtrate (CFF) antifungal activity through mycelial growth inhibition, metabolite profiling, and substrates utilization patterns. Additionally, under different CFF concentrations, reduction in spore count (94%–55%), biomass (50%), and cytoplasmic bulbous protrusions in mycelia were also observed. Furthermore, the effect of bacterial CFF on FOL metabolism was confirmed through GC-MS. CFF suppresses the concentration of aliphatic amino acids like L-valine, L-leucine, L-Isoleucine, glycine, and fatty acids such as linoleic acid and α- linolenic acid during the co-culturing conditions, which are essential for pathogenicity and resistance against host's systemic acquired resistance. The phenotype microarray assay revealed that CFF-treated FOL shows phenotype loss in 507 (56.58%) out of 896 substrates. Among 507, twenty-seven substrates showed significant phenotype loss, among which four substrates such as L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, ammonia, and L-arginine are common in different crucial metabolic pathways of FOL, like alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, arginine and proline, carbon metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, amino-acyl tRNA synthesis, and biosynthesis of amino acids. The results suggest that PBE-8 CFF has certain antifungal metabolites that hinder the fungal metabolic pathways.
Impact of environmental conditions and gut microbiota on the in vitro germination and growth of Clostridioides difficile
Authors: Martinez Elisa , Rodriguez Cristina , Crèvecoeur Sébastien , Lebrun Sarah , Delcenserie Véronique , Taminiau Bernard , Daube Georges 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is a spore-forming anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium responsible for a broad spectrum of intestinal symptoms and healthcare-associated diarrhoea. The hypothesis of this work was that different in vitro conditions, notably pH and human faecal microbiota composition, impact the germination and/or the growth of C. difficile. This study aimed to correlate growth kinetics of the bacterium with these two physiochemical parameters by using a static in vitro model. To better understand the initial gut colonisation, several growth curve assays were carried out to monitor the behaviour of the spores and vegetative forms of C. difficile strain 078 under different conditions mimicking the gut environment. When the faeces were added, no spore germination or growth was observed, but C. difficile spores germinated in vitro when the pH was maintained between 6.6 and 6.9 for four different faeces donors. The evolution of microbiota studied by 16S rDNA profiling showed high proportions of Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli/Shigella when C. difficile grew, regardless of the inoculated faeces. This model helped us to understand that the germination and growth of C. difficile are strongly pH dependent, and further research is needed to evaluate the potential impact of the gut microbiota composition on C. difficile.
Effects of different carbon sources on the oxidative stress tolerance of Aspergillus niger HY2 isolated from spoiled paddies
Authors: Tan Song , Xu Yuancheng , Wu Hongying , Niu Ajuan , Yin Xiaoyu , Wang Guangyu , Qiu Weifen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fungi often experience oxidative stress in response to the environment during growth. In this study, Aspergillus niger HY2, whose presence easily results in paddy mildew, was used to investigate the effects of different carbon sources on morphological development, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolites, and antioxidant enzymes activities. Morphological development mainly includes the changes in conidial production and colony diameter. ROS metabolites production include the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2·−), and malondialdehyde (MDA). The results indicated that A. niger HY2 adapted to H2O2 exposure by decreasing growth and increasing the activities of some antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Different carbon sources also affected the expression of the developmental-specific gene flbA and the oxidative stress tolerance-related gene cat. When incubated with glucose, sucrose, and xylose as carbon sources, A. niger exhibited stronger oxidative stress tolerance, but when incubated with maltose as a carbon source, A. niger exhibited relatively poor oxidative stress tolerance. Our results can provide a theoretical basis for further understanding mechanisms of metabolic adaptation and developing targeted strategies to control the spoilage caused by A. niger.