bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
أهمية فهم طبائع العلوم الإسلامية في إعداد الأستاذ المُتخصص فيها وصفاته (Importance of Understanding the Natures of Islamic Sciences In the Preparation of Specialised Lecturer and His Attributes)
Authors: برغوث عبد العزيز 
Published: January 2022

تتناول الورقة بالدراسة مسألة طبائع العلوم الإسلامية والشرعية، وما يميزها عن غيرها وأثر ذلك على نوعية الأستاذ الجامعي الذي يُدرسها وصفاته وملكاته. وتهدف الورقة إلى بيان هذه الطبائع في تحديد صفات الأستاذ الذي يتعلمها ويُعلمها. ويتبع البحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي وتحليل النصوص. وخلص البحث إلى أن من طبائع هذه العلوم أنها توحيدية المرجعية، وعملية وعلمية ومنهجية ومقصدية، وتدور حول رسالة الاستخلاف في الأرض واعمارها المتوازن. وعليه فإن الأستاذ الذي يتعلمها ويُعلمها ينبغي أن يتصف بصفات منها: الرسالية والإيمان القوي، والقيادة والإمامية العلمية، والعلم والخبرة، والقدوة النموذجية والحكمة والرشد والتزكية والتطهير. ويوصي البحث بضرورة تطوير برامج تأهيلية متخصصة لأستاذ العلوم الإسلامية والشرعية في الجامعات تراعي واقع التعليم المعاصر، ونوعية المتعلمين وطرق التدريس والتعليم المتلائمة وطبائع هذه العلوم والواقع الذي تُدرس فيه.
الكلمات المفتاحية: طبائع العلوم الإسلامية، الأستاذ، الصفات، التعليم الجامعي.
Abstract
This article analyses the importance of understanding the natures of Islamic sciences, and what distinguishes them from others and the impact of this on the attributes and competencies of the university lecturer who teaches them. The aim of the paper is to show the how these natures influence preparation of the lecturers. The article followed the descriptive analytical method and textual analysis. It concluded that some of the natures of these sciences are: revealed reference, practical, scientific, methodological and purposeful, and revolve around the message of Istikhlaf (vicegerency) and civilisation (umran) on the earth. Accordingly, the teacher who learns and teaches them should have attributes and qualities such as; sense of mission, strong faith, Intellectual leadership, knowledge and experience, exemplary role model, wisdom, guided reasoning, purification and spiritualty. The article recommended the need to develop specialised programs for the lecturers of Islamic and Shari’ah sciences in universities that take into account the realities of contemporary education, the quality of learners, teaching methods and the natures of these sciences.
Keywords: Natures of Islamic Sciences, Lecturer, Attributes, University Teaching.
PERSPECTIVAS E CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A ORIENTAÇÃO EDUCACIONAL BILÍNGUE NA EDUCAÇÃO DE SURDOS
Authors: Prestes Vivian Ellen Cristine 
Published: January 2022

Com objetivo de levantar uma reflexão e investigar as possíveis perspectivas e como a atuação do(a) Orientador(a) Educacional Bilíngue pode contribuir na educação de surdos, foi realizada uma entrevista - através de um questionário - com Intérpretes de Libras e Professores de Libras que atuam ou atuaram em escolas públicas regulares da educação básica. A escolha por estes profissionais partiu da percepção de que os mesmos trabalham com maior proximidade dos estudantes surdos, da Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras) e da cultura surda no ambiente escolar. Igualmente, não há Orientadores Educacionais Bilíngues atuantes na cidade em que esta pesquisa foi realizada. Casualmente, as participantes selecionadas são mulheres. A pesquisa constituiu-se como um estudo de caso de caráter qualitativo. Para o tratamento dos dados foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo. Com a leitura das respostas das participantes ao questionário e articulando com os pressupostos teóricos, emergiram duas categorias, a saber: i - Desafios e dificuldades e ii - Contribuições e potencialidades. Com base nas respostas das participantes ao questionário, foi notável a necessidade de investimentos na formação continuada dos educadores, que proporcione o reconhecimento de políticas linguísticas, da Libras e da cultura surda pelos Orientadores Educacionais. Esse reconhecimento possibilita caminhos para se alcançar a educação bilíngue no ambiente escolar. A Orientação Educacional é fundamental para o acolhimento dos estudantes e para a promoção do diálogo entre família e escola, por isso, na educação de surdos a Orientação Educacional Bilíngue contribui potencialmente na inclusão e formação dos educandos(as) surdos(as) com equidade.
Implementasi Pendekatan Andragogi Spiritual dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Mandiri Mahasiswa pada Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia FKIP Universitas Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin
Authors: Hamidah Jamiatul , Syakir Akhmad 
Published: January 2022

Metode perkuliahan yang dilakukan oleh dosen sangat berpengaruh terhadap hasil yang nantinya akan dicapai oleh mahasiswa, baik itu mencakup proses belajar-mengajar, penugasan, maupun pada saat ujian. Pendekatan andragogi spiritual memberikan kebebasan kepada mahasiswa untuk menumbuhkan kemandirian belajar, kesadaran terhadap pengembangan potensi diri, dan motivasi untuk meraih tujuan belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan pendekatan andragogi spiritual dalam perkuliahan untuk mengoptimalkan hasil belajar mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah wawancara dan pembagian angket terbuka kepada dosen dan mahasiswa. Sumber data diperoleh dari 40 orang mahasiswa dan 6 orang dosen pada Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, FKIP, Universitas Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pendekatan andragogi spiritual dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar mahasiswa. Pendekatan andragogi spiritual merupakan sebuah pendekatan pembelajaran bagi orang dewasa yang menekankan pada spirit atau kejiwaan peserta didik pada tingkat dewasa. Pada Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, penerapan pendekatan ini dilakukan di berbagai aspek dengan berlandaskan penanaman nilai Al-Islam Kemuhammadiyahan. Penerapan tersebut dilakukan oleh dosen mulai dari persiapan pembelajaran, proses kegiatan pembelajaran, sampai kegiatan penilaian atau evaluasi.
Training on making liquid dish soap in Lembah Sari Village, Rumbai Timur District, Pekanbaru
Authors: Surya Alfin , Juariah Siti , Sidoretno Wahyu Margi , Tisnawan Rahmat 
Published: January 2022

Peningkatan pengetahuan terhadap perempuan terutama dibidang ekonomi adalah salah satu parameter membaiknya kesejahteraan keluarga. Saat perempuan menjadi kaum terdidik dan memiliki kreatifitas sehingga mempunyai pendapatan mandiri maka kesejahteraan keluarga dapat meningkat. Selain itu ibu-ibu juga memiliki peran yang berarti dalam hal pencegahan dan pengendalian kemiskinan melalui kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Salah satu bukti bahwa wanita atau perempuan juga dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan keluarganya dengan melakukan kegiatan produktif di dalam rumah tangga. PKK RT 02 RW 06 Kelurahan Lembah Sari merupakan salah satu organisasi perempuan yang memiliki latar belakang Pendidikan beragam (lulusan SLTA dan Perguruan Tinggi), dan Sebagian besar ibu rumah tangga dengan keadaan ekonomi keluarga menengah. Untuk mencukupi kebutuhan sehari-hari, ibu-ibu ini mengandalkan pendapatan suami namun ada juga yang bekerja sebagai guru atau membuat kue untuk membantu kebutuhan perekonomian keluarga. Pada saat kondisi pandemi seperti ini dengan pengeluaran untuk kebutuhan keluarga yang semakin meningkat, maka dilakukan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kreatifitas ibu-ibu PKK untuk membuat sabun cair cuci piring, sehingga menumbuhkan kesadaran dan kemandirian dalam berusaha, sekaligus memperluas lapangan kerja guna meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga dalam usaha mencapai keluarga yang bahagia dan sejahtera. Sabun cuci piring merupakan komoditas yang tidak bisa dipisahkan dari kebutuhan rumah tangga. Kegiatan ini dilakukan diawali pada hari Minggu, 14 Maret 2021 pada jam 08.00 WIB sampai dengan jam 12.00 WIB, bertempat di halaman rumah salah satu warga dengan peserta 17 orang ibu-ibu PKK. Dampak yang dapat dilihat pada kegiatan ini adalah tumbuhnya semangat peserta untuk memiliki produk sendiri dan mendaftarkan izin edarnya. Sehingga kegiatan pengabdian ini sangat diterima oleh peserta dan memberikan pengetahuan baru bagi peserta
A novel 3D-vision–based collaborative robot as a scope holding system for port surgery: a technical feasibility study
Authors: Xiong Ruochu , Zhang Shiyu , Gan Zhichao , Qi Ziyu , Liu Minghang , Xu Xinghua , Wang Qun , Zhang Jiashu , Li Fangye , Chen Xiaolei 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
A clear, stable, suitably located vision field is essential for port surgery. A scope is usually held by hand or a fixing device. The former yields fatigue and requires lengthy training, while the latter increases inconvenience because of needing to adjust the scope. Thus, the authors innovated a novel robotic system that can recognize the port and automatically place the scope in an optimized position. In this study, the authors executed a preliminary experiment to test this system’s technical feasibility and accuracy in vitro.

METHODS
A collaborative robotic (CoBot) system consisting of a mechatronic arm and a 3D camera was developed. With the 3D camera and programmed machine vision, CoBot can search a marker attached to the opening of the surgical port, followed by automatic alignment of the scope’s axis with the port’s longitudinal axis so that optimal illumination and visual observation can be achieved. Three tests were conducted. In test 1, the robot positioned a laser range finder attached to the robot’s arm to align the sheath’s center axis. The laser successfully passing through two holes in the port sheath’s central axis defined successful positioning. Researchers recorded the finder’s readings, demonstrating the actual distance between the finder and the sheath. In test 2, the robot held a high-definition exoscope and relocated it to the setting position. Test 3 was similar to test 2, but a metal holder substituted the robot. Trained neurosurgeons manually adjusted the holder. The manipulation time was recorded. Additionally, a grading system was designed to score each image captured by the exoscope at the setting position, and the scores in the two tests were compared using the rank-sum test.

RESULTS
The CoBot system positioned the finder successfully in all rounds in test 1; the mean height errors ± SD were 1.14 mm ± 0.38 mm (downward) and 1.60 mm ± 0.89 mm (upward). The grading scores of images in tests 2 and 3 were significantly different. Regarding the total score and four subgroups, test 2 showed a more precise, better-positioned, and more stable vision field. The total manipulation time in test 2 was 20 minutes, and for test 3 it was 52 minutes.

CONCLUSIONS
The CoBot system successfully acted as a robust scope holding system to provide a stable and optimized surgical view during simulated port surgery, providing further evidence for the substitution of human hands, and leading to a more efficient, user-friendly, and precise operation.
Learning curves in robot-assisted spine surgery: a systematic review and proposal of application to residency curricula
Authors: Pennington Zach , Judy Brendan F. , Zakaria Hesham M. , Lakomkin Nikita , Mikula Anthony L. , Elder Benjamin D. , Theodore Nicholas 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
Spine robots have seen increased utilization over the past half decade with the introduction of multiple new systems. Market research expects this expansion to continue over the next half decade at an annual rate of 20%. However, because of the novelty of these devices, there is limited literature on their learning curves and how they should be integrated into residency curricula. With the present review, the authors aimed to address these two points.

METHODS
A systematic review of the published English-language literature on PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted to identify studies describing the learning curve in spine robotics. Included articles described clinical results in patients using one of the following endpoints: operative time, screw placement time, fluoroscopy usage, and instrumentation accuracy. Systems examined included the Mazor series, the ExcelsiusGPS, and the TiRobot. Learning curves were reported in a qualitative synthesis, given as the mean improvement in the endpoint per case performed or screw placed where possible. All studies were level IV case series with a high risk of reporting bias.

RESULTS
Of 1579 unique articles, 97 underwent full-text review and 21 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria; 62 articles were excluded for not presenting primary data for one of the above-described endpoints. Of the 21 articles, 18 noted the presence of a learning curve in spine robots, which ranged from 3 to 30 cases or 15 to 62 screws. Only 12 articles performed regressions of one of the endpoints (most commonly operative time) as a function of screws placed or cases performed. Among these, increasing experience was associated with a 0.24- to 4.6-minute decrease in operative time per case performed. All but one series described the experience of attending surgeons, not residents.

CONCLUSIONS
Most studies of learning curves with spine robots have found them to be present, with the most common threshold being 20 to 30 cases performed. Unfortunately, all available evidence is level IV data, limited to case series. Given the ability of residency to allow trainees to safely perform these cases under the supervision of experienced senior surgeons, it is argued that a curriculum should be developed for senior-level residents specializing in spine comprising a minimum of 30 performed cases.
Collaborative spinal robot system for laminectomy: a preliminary study
Authors: Li Zhuofu , Jiang Shuai , Song Xiongkang , Liu Shanshan , Wang Chengxia , Hu Lei , Li Weishi 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
The application of robots in the field of pedicle screw placement has achieved great success. However, decompressive laminectomy, a step that is just as critical as pedicle screw placement, does not have a mature robot-assisted system. To address this lack, the authors designed a collaborative spine robot system to assist with laminectomy. In this study, they aimed to investigate the reliability of this novel collaborative spinal robot system and compare it with manual laminectomy (ML).

METHODS
Thirty in vitro porcine lumbar vertebral specimens were obtained as experimental bone specimens. Robot-assisted laminectomy (RAL) was performed on the left side of the lamina (n = 30) and ML was performed on the right side (n = 30). The time required for laminectomy on one side, whether the lamina was penetrated, and the remaining thickness of the lamina were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS
The time required for laminectomy on one side was longer in the RAL group than in the ML group (median 326 seconds [IQR 133 seconds] vs 108.5 seconds [IQR 43 seconds], p < 0.001). In the RAL group, complete lamina penetration occurred twice (6.7%), while in the ML group, it occurred 9 times (30%); the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.045). There was no statistically significant difference in the remaining lamina thickness between the two groups (median 1.035 mm [IQR 0.419 mm] vs 1.084 mm [IQR 0.383 mm], p = 0.842).

CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study confirm the safety of this novel spinal robot system for laminectomy. However, its efficiency requires further improvement.
Robot-assisted carotid artery stenting: outcomes, safety, and operational learning curve
Authors: Abbas Rawad , Al Saiegh Fadi , El Naamani Kareem , Chen Ching-Jen , Velagapudi Lohit , Sioutas Georgios S. , Weinberg Joshua H. , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula , Gooch M. Reid , Herial Nabeel A. , Rosenwasser Robert H. , Jabbour Pascal 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
Over the past 2 decades, robots have been increasingly used in surgeries to help overcome human limitations and perform precise and accurate tasks. Endovascular robots were pioneered in interventional cardiology, however, the CorPath GRX was recently approved by the FDA for peripheral vascular and extracranial interventions. The authors aimed to evaluate the operational learning curve for robot-assisted carotid artery stenting over a period of 19 months at a single institution.

METHODS
A retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database was conducted, and 14 consecutive patients who underwent robot-assisted carotid artery stenting from December 2019 to June 2021 were identified. The metrics for proficiency were the total fluoroscopy and procedure times, contrast volume used, and radiation dose. To evaluate operator progress, the patients were divided into 3 groups of 5, 4, and 5 patients based on the study period.

RESULTS
A total of 14 patients were included. All patients received balloon angioplasty and stent placement. The median degree of stenosis was 95%. Ten patients (71%) were treated via the transradial approach and 4 patients (29%) via the transfemoral approach, with no procedural complications. The median contrast volume used was 80 mL, and the median radiation dose was 38,978.5 mGy/cm2. The overall median fluoroscopy and procedure times were 24.6 minutes and 70.5 minutes, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed a significant decrease in these times, from 32 minutes and 86 minutes, respectively, in group 1 to 21.9 minutes and 62 minutes, respectively, in group 3 (p = 0.002 and p = 0.008, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
Robot-assisted carotid artery stenting was found to be safe and effective, and the learning curve for robotic procedures was overcome within a short period of time at a high-volume cerebrovascular center.
Robotic and robot-assisted skull base neurosurgery: systematic review of current applications and future directions
Authors: Pangal Dhiraj J. , Cote David J. , Ruzevick Jacob , Yarovinsky Benjamin , Kugener Guillaume , Wrobel Bozena , Ference Elisabeth H. , Swanson Mark , Hung Andrew J. , Donoho Daniel A. , Giannotta Steven , Zada Gabriel 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
The utility of robotic instrumentation is expanding in neurosurgery. Despite this, successful examples of robotic implementation for endoscopic endonasal or skull base neurosurgery remain limited. Therefore, the authors performed a systematic review of the literature to identify all articles that used robotic systems to access the sella or anterior, middle, or posterior cranial fossae.

METHODS
A systematic review of MEDLINE and PubMed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines performed for articles published between January 1, 1990, and August 1, 2021, was conducted to identify all robotic systems (autonomous, semiautonomous, or surgeon-controlled) used for skull base neurosurgical procedures. Cadaveric and human clinical studies were included. Studies with exclusively otorhinolaryngological applications or using robotic microscopes were excluded.

RESULTS
A total of 561 studies were identified from the initial search, of which 22 were included following full-text review. Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) using the da Vinci Surgical System was the most widely reported system (4 studies) utilized for skull base and pituitary fossa procedures; additionally, it has been reported for resection of sellar masses in 4 patients. Seven cadaveric studies used the da Vinci Surgical System to access the skull base using alternative, non–TORS approaches (e.g., transnasal, transmaxillary, and supraorbital). Five cadaveric studies investigated alternative systems to access the skull base. Six studies investigated the use of robotic endoscope holders. Advantages to robotic applications in skull base neurosurgery included improved lighting and 3D visualization, replication of more traditional gesture-based movements, and the ability for dexterous movements ordinarily constrained by small operative corridors. Limitations included the size and angulation capacity of the robot, lack of drilling components preventing fully robotic procedures, and cost. Robotic endoscope holders may have been particularly advantageous when the use of a surgical assistant or second surgeon was limited.

CONCLUSIONS
Robotic skull base neurosurgery has been growing in popularity and feasibility, but significant limitations remain. While robotic systems seem to have allowed for greater maneuverability and 3D visualization, their size and lack of neurosurgery-specific tools have continued to prevent widespread adoption into current practice. The next generation of robotic technologies should prioritize overcoming these limitations.
CT-to-fluoroscopy registration versus scan-and-plan registration for robot-assisted insertion of lumbar pedicle screws
Authors: Khan Asham , Soliman Mohamed A. R. , Lee Nathan J. , Waqas Muhammad , Lombardi Joseph M. , Boddapati Venkat , Levy Lauren C. , Mao Jennifer Z. , Park Paul J. , Mathew Justin , Lehman Ronald A. , Mullin Jeffrey P. , Pollina John 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
Pedicle screw insertion for stabilization after lumbar fusion surgery is commonly performed by spine surgeons. With the advent of navigation technology, the accuracy of pedicle screw insertion has increased. Robotic guidance has revolutionized the placement of pedicle screws with 2 distinct radiographic registration methods, the scan-and-plan method and CT-to-fluoroscopy method. In this study, the authors aimed to compare the accuracy and safety of these methods.

METHODS
A retrospective chart review was conducted at 2 centers to obtain operative data for consecutive patients who underwent robot-assisted lumbar pedicle screw placement. The newest robotic platform (Mazor X Robotic System) was used in all cases. One center used the scan-and-plan registration method, and the other used CT-to-fluoroscopy for registration. Screw accuracy was determined by applying the Gertzbein-Robbins scale. Fluoroscopic exposure times were collected from radiology reports.

RESULTS
Overall, 268 patients underwent pedicle screw insertion, 126 patients with scan-and-plan registration and 142 with CT-to-fluoroscopy registration. In the scan-and-plan cohort, 450 screws were inserted across 266 spinal levels (mean 1.7 ± 1.1 screws/level), with 446 (99.1%) screws classified as Gertzbein-Robbins grade A (within the pedicle) and 4 (0.9%) as grade B (< 2-mm deviation). In the CT-to-fluoroscopy cohort, 574 screws were inserted across 280 lumbar spinal levels (mean 2.05 ± 1.7 screws/ level), with 563 (98.1%) grade A screws and 11 (1.9%) grade B (p = 0.17). The scan-and-plan cohort had nonsignificantly less fluoroscopic exposure per screw than the CT-to-fluoroscopy cohort (12 ± 13 seconds vs 11.1 ± 7 seconds, p = 0.3).

CONCLUSIONS
Both scan-and-plan registration and CT-to-fluoroscopy registration methods were safe, accurate, and had similar fluoroscopy time exposure overall.