bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of corneal endothelial cell morphology and anterior segment parameters in COVID-19
Authors: Oren Burak , Kocabas Dilara Ozkoyuncu 
Published: May 2022

Background: The ocular manifestations of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vary from acute follicular, pseudomembranous, and hemorrhagic conjunctivitis to keratoconjunctivitis with subepithelial infiltrates and dendritic lesions. Similar to other respiratory viruses, such as adenoviruses, it is thought that COVID-19 may impact the cornea. However, its impact on the cornea and anterior segment parameters are currently poorly understood. Objective: This study aims to assess the corneal endothelial cell morphology and anterior segment parameters in patients who have recovered from COVID-19. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the COVID-19 group comprised 34 patients who had been diagnosed with and recovered from COVID-19, while the control group comprised age- and sex-matched individuals without any systemic or ocular diseases. The endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation (CV) of cell area, hexagonal cell percentage (HEX), anterior chamber depth (ACD), central corneal thickness (CCT), horizontal anterior chamber diameter (HACD), iridocorneal angle (ICA), horizontal visible iris diameter (HVID), pupillary diameter (PD), and keratometry values (K1 and K2) were analyzed for each participant. The differences in each of these between the groups were analyzed using either an independent samples t test or a Mann–Whitney U test based on the normality of the data. Results: Regarding corneal endothelial cell morphology, the ECDs for the COVID-19 and control groups were 2278.50 ± 186.78 cells/mm2 and 2420.15 ± 222.25 cells/mm2, respectively ( p = 0.002). A significant increase was noted in CV values in the COVID-19 group compared with the control group ( p < 0.001). The HEX values for the COVID-19 and control groups were 56.26 ± 5.75 and 61.50 ± 3.63, respectively ( p < 0.001). Regarding the anterior segment parameters, no significant differences were observed between the groups ( p > 0.05). Conclusions: It was hypothesized that individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 would demonstrate a reduction in their endothelial functional preserves. A decrease in ECD and HEX and an increase in CV were observed in the individuals during their early post-recovery period from COVID-19.
Complement gene variant effect on relapse of complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy after eculizumab cessation
Authors: Acosta-Medina Aldo A. , Moyer Ann M. , Go Ronald S. , Willrich Maria Alice V. , Fervenza Fernando C. , Leung Nelson , Bourlon Christianne , Winters Jeffrey L. , Spears Grant M. , Bryant Sandra C. , Sridharan Meera 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEculizumab is effective for complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy (CM-TMA), also known as atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Although lifelong therapy had been suggested, discontinuation does not universally lead to relapse. Comprehensive data evaluating risk factors for recurrence following discontinuation are limited. Our aim was to systematically review available literature assessing the role of complement genetic variants in this setting. Reports on CM-TMA and eculizumab withdrawal published before 1 January 2021, were included. Key reasons for patient exclusion were no follow-up after drug withdrawal and patients lacking complement genetic testing. Two-hundred eighty patients from 40 publications were included. Median age was 28 years, and 25 patients had a known history of renal transplant. Complement genetic variants were identified in 60%, most commonly in CFH (n = 59) and MCP/CD46 (n = 38). Of patients with a complement gene variant, 51.3% had ≥1 likely pathogenic/pathogenic variant whereas the remaining had variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Overall relapse rate after therapy discontinuation was 29.6%. Relapse rate was highest among patients with CFH variants and MCP/CD46 variants in canonical splice regions. VUS (P &lt; .001) and likely pathogenic/pathogenic variants (P &lt; .001) were associated with increased relapse. Presence of a renal allograft (P = .009); decreasing age (P = .029); and detection of variants in CFH (P &lt; .001), MCP/CD46 (P &lt; .001), or C3 (P &lt; .001) were all independently associated with relapse after eculizumab discontinuation. Eculizumab discontinuation is appropriate in specific patients with CM-TMA. Caution should be exerted when attempting such a strategy in patients with high risk of recurrence, including a subgroup of patients with MCP/CD46 variants.
Genome-wide association study of platelet factor 4/heparin antibodies in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Giles Jason B. , Steiner Heidi E. , Rollin Jerome , Shaffer Christian M. , Momozawa Yukihide , Mushiroda Taisei , Inai Chihiro , Selleng Kathleen , Thiele Thomas , Pouplard Claire , Heddle Nancy M. , Kubo Michiaki , Miller Elise C. , Martinez Kiana L. , Phillips Elizabeth J. , Warkentin Theodore E. , Gruel Yves , Greinacher Andreas , Roden Dan M. , Karnes Jason H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Heparin, a widely used anticoagulant, carries the risk of an antibody-mediated adverse drug reaction, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). A subset of heparin-treated patients produces detectable levels of antibodies against complexes of heparin bound to circulating platelet factor 4 (PF4). Using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach, we aimed to identify genetic variants associated with anti-PF4/heparin antibodies that account for the variable antibody response seen in HIT. We performed a GWAS on anti-PF4/heparin antibody levels determined via polyclonal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Our discovery cohort (n = 4237) and replication cohort (n = 807) constituted patients with European ancestry and clinical suspicion of HIT, with cases confirmed via functional assay. Genome-wide significance was considered at α = 5 × 10−8. No variants were significantly associated with anti-PF4/heparin antibody levels in the discovery cohort at a genome-wide significant level. Secondary GWAS analyses included the identification of variants with suggestive associations in the discovery cohort (α = 1 × 10−4). The top variant in both cohorts was rs1555175145 (discovery β = −0.112 [0.018], P = 2.50 × 10−5; replication β = −0.104 [0.051], P = .041). In gene set enrichment analysis, 3 gene sets reached false discovery rate-adjusted significance (q &lt; 0.05) in both discovery and replication cohorts: “Leukocyte Transendothelial Migration,” “Innate Immune Response,” and “Lyase Activity.” Our results indicate that genomic variation is not significantly associated with anti-PF4/heparin antibody levels. Given our power to identify variants with moderate frequencies and effect sizes, this evidence suggests genetic variation is not a primary driver of variable antibody response in heparin-treated patients with European ancestry.
Estimation of carbon stocks in harvested wood products of buildings in Japan: flux-data method and direct inventory method
Authors: Matsumoto Ryoto , Kayo Chihiro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, carbon stocks in harvested wood products (HWPs) of buildings in Japan were estimated using the direct inventory method, which is highly accurate, and the flux-data method, which was proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and is commonly used worldwide. We analyzed the differences between the estimated results and the respective reasons. The results indicate that the flux-data method greatly underestimated the carbon stocks in HWPs of buildings in Japan. In 2019, the values estimated by the flux-data method were only approximately 64% of those estimated by the direct inventory method. The half-lives of HWPs and the estimated continuous rate of change in industrial roundwood consumption proposed by the IPCC were likely the main causes of this difference. As for the decay function, the first-order decay, which is a default function proposed by the IPCC, was considered reliable for the estimations, because the decay function was not the main cause of the obtained difference.
QTL Analysis of Z414, a Chromosome Segment Substitution Line with Short, Wide Grains, and Substitution Mapping of qGL11 in Rice
Authors: Li Juan , Yang Hongxia , Xu Guangyi , Deng Keli , Yu Jinjin , Xiang Siqian , Zhou Kai , Zhang Qiuli , Li Ruxiang , Li Miaomiao , Ling Yinghua , Yang Zhenglin , He Guanghua , Zhao Fangming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMost agronomic traits of rice (Oryza sativa), such as grain length, are complex traits controlled by multiple genes. Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) are ideal materials for dissecting these complex traits. We developed the novel rice CSSL ‘Z414’, which has short, wide grains, from progeny of the recipient parent ‘Xihui 18’ (an indica restorer line) and the donor parent ‘Huhan 3’ (a japonica cultivar). Z414 contains four substitution segments with an average length of 3.04 Mb. Z414 displays seven traits that significantly differ from those of Xihui 18, including differences in grain length, width, and weight; degree of chalkiness; and brown rice rate. We identified seven quantitative trait loci (QTL) that are responsible for these differences in an F2 population from a cross between Xihui 18 and Z414. Among these, six QTL (qPL3, qGW5, qGL11, qRLW5, qRLW11, and qGWT5) were detected in newly developed single-segment substitution lines (SSSLs) S1–S6. In addition, four QTL (qGL3, qGL5, qCD3, and qCD5) were detected in S1 and S5. Analysis of these SSSLs attributed the short, wide grain trait of Z414 to qGL11, qGL3, qGL5, and qGW5. Substitution mapping delimited qGL11 within an 810-kb interval on chromosome 11. Sequencing, real time quantitative PCR, and cell morphology analysis revealed that qGL11 might be a novel QTL encoding the cyclin CycT1;3. Finally, pyramiding qGL3 (a = 0.43) and qGL11 (a =  − 0.37) led to shorter grains in the dual-segment substitution line D2 and revealed that qGL11 is epistatic to qGL3. In addition, S1 and D2 exhibited different grain sizes and less chalkiness than Z414. In conclusion, the short grain phenotype of the CSSL Z414 is controlled by qGL11, qGL3, and qGL5. qGL11 might be a novel QTL encoding CycT1;3, whose specific role in regulating grain length was previously unknown, and qGL11 is epistatic to qGL3. S1 and D2 could potentially be used in hybrid rice breeding.
Subanaesthetic dose of esketamine during induction delays anaesthesia recovery a randomized, double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Zhang Cao , He Jiangqin , Shi Qinye , Bao Fangping , Xu Jianhong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Esketamine is an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA receptor) that is widely used for multimodal analgesia. In addition to analgesia, sedation is another important effect of esketamine. However, data are limited regarding the sedation effect of esketamine during general anaesthesia. The objective of this study was to determine whether sedation with a subanaesthetic does of esketamine affects anaesthesia recovery.

Methods
Fifty patients, ASA I to II patient scheduled to laparoscopic cholecystectomy, were randomly assigned to receive a single bolus of esketamine 0.2 mg kg-1 (esketamine group) or placebo (control group). Propofol, sufentanil and rocuronium were used during total intravenous anaesthesia. The patients’ time of recovery from anaesthesia, postoperative pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and postoperative agitation were analysed.

Results
Data from 47 patients were analysed. The average time of anaesthetic recovery was 22.04 ± 1.48 min in the esketamine group(n = 23) and 17.54 ± 1.46 min in the control group(n = 24). The recovery time was significantly longer in the esketamine group. Postoperative pain in the PACU was lower in the esketamine group (NRS score range 0–2) than in the control group (NRS score range 0–3). There were no differences in postoperative nausea and vomiting, and postoperative agitation.

Conclusion
Subanaesthetic doses of esketamine can reduce postoperative pain in the PACU but delay the aesthetic recovery during the laparoscopic cholecystectomy, without affecting postoperative nausea and vomiting, and postoperative agitation.

Trial registration
The study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry http://www.chictr.org.cn/ (Registration date: 20/11/2020; TrialID: ChiCTR2000040077).
Central obesity is associated with lower prevalence of sarcopenia in older women, but not in men: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Choi Seongmin , Chon Jinmann , Lee Seung Ah , Yoo Myung Chul , Yun Yeocheon , Chung Sung Joon , Kim Minjung , Lee Eun Taek , Kyu Choi Min , Won Chang Won , Soh Yunsoo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Obesity is a chronic disease that causes various medical health problems, increases morbidity, and reduces the quality of life. Obesity (especially central obesity) in older adults is expected to act with the development of sarcopenia. However, the relationship between obesity, central obesity, and sarcopenia remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the impact of obesity on sarcopenia.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we used data from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study; 1,827 community-dwelling older adults (883 men and 944 women) aged 70–84 years were recruited. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria were used to evaluate sarcopenia. Subjects with a low appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI; men: < 7.0 kg/m2, women: < 5.4 kg/m2) and either low handgrip strength (HGS; men: < 28 kg, women: < 18 kg) or low Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB; ≤ 9) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 25 kg/m2, while central obesity was defined as WC measurements of ≥ 90 cm in men and ≥ 85 cm in women. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of obesity and central obesity on sarcopenia and the parameters of sacropenia.

Results
In both sexes, the obese group, defined based on the BMI, had a significantly low prevalence of low ASMI (odds ratio [OR] = 0.14, 95% confidence interval CI = 0.10–0.20 in men, OR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.12–0.25 in women) and sarcopenia (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.16–0.50 in men, OR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.08–0.35 in women) in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. In women, the central obese group had a low prevalence of sarcopenia (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.27–0.77) in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Meanwhile, the obese group had a significantly higher prevalence of low SPPB in women (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.18–2.59).

Conclusions
Obesity may have a protective effect on low ASMI and sarcopenia, as defined by the AWGS criteria. Central obesity was associated with a low prevalence of sarcopenia in women only. However, obesity did not have a positive impact on functional parameters of sarcopenia including muscle strength and physical performance.
Effects of intensive physiotherapy on Quality of Life (QoL) after pancreatic cancer resection: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Weyhe Dirk , Obonyo Dennis , Uslar Verena , Tabriz Navid 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients have significantly lower QoL scores after pancreatic resection due to cancer in the physical and psychological domains compared to healthy controls or other cancer patients. Intensified physiotherapy or physical training can increase QoL by reducing fatigue levels and improving physical functioning. However, data on the long-term effects of intensive or supervised physiotherapy is lacking. The aim of this exploratory study is the assessment of QoL in the intervention group, using various QoL questionnaires in their validated German translations and gather data on its feasibility in the context of chemotherapy with a follow-up of 12 months (and develop concepts to improve QoL after pancreatic cancer resection).MethodsFifty-six patients (mean age: 66.4 ± 9.9 years) were randomized in this study to intervention (cohort A,n = 28) or control group (cohort B,n = 28). Intervention of intensified physiotherapy program consisted of endurance and muscle force exercises using cycle ergometer. In the control group physiotherapy was limited to the duration of the hospital stay and was scheduled for 20 min on 5 days per week. The clinical visits took place 2 days preoperatively, 1 week, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months postoperatively. Both groups attended the follow-up program. QoL was evaluated using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Short Form-8 Health Survey (SF-8) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 and pancreatic cancer‐specific module QLQ-PAN26 questionnaires. The course of QoL was evaluated using a repeated measures ANOVA and a per protocol design.ResultsOf the initial 56 randomized patients, 34 finished the 12 months follow-up period. There were no adverse events due to the intervention and 80% of patients in the intervention group where adherent. There was no significant influence on physical performance as measured by SPPB and SF-8 questionnaire. However, after 6 months patients in the intervention group regained their prior physical condition, whereas the control group did not. Intensive physiotherapy significantly influenced various factors of QoL measured with the C30 questionnaire positively, such as physical functioning (p = 0.018), role functioning (p = 0.036), and appetite loss (p = 0.037), even after 6 months. No negative effects in patients undergoing chemotherapy compared to those without chemotherapy was observed.ConclusionThis first randomized controlled study with a 12-month follow-up shows that supervised physiotherapy or prescribed home-based exercise after pancreatic cancer resection is safe and feasible and should be proposed and started as soon as possible to improve certain aspects of QoL.Trial RegistrationGerman Clinical Trials Register (No:DRKS00006786); Date of registration: 01/10/2014.
Mortality in individuals with childhood ADHD or subthreshold symptoms – a prospective perinatal risk cohort study over 40 years
Authors: Schiavone Nella , Virta Maarit , Leppämäki Sami , Launes Jyrki , Vanninen Ritva , Tuulio-Henriksson Annamari , Järvinen Ilkka , Lehto Eliisa , Michelsson Katarina , Hokkanen Laura 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with negative life outcomes and recent studies have linked it to increased mortality. These studies have examined nationwide registers or clinic-referred samples and mostly included participants up until the age of 30. No studies have investigated mortality associated with subthreshold levels of ADHD symptoms. Our aim was to analyze mortality in a perinatal risk cohort of 46-year-old adults with childhood ADHD (cADHD) and milder childhood attention problems (including hyperactivity and inattention; cAP) compared with a group with similar birth risks but no or low levels of childhood ADHD symptoms (Non-cAP). Causes of death obtained from a national register were examined.

Methods
Mortality was analyzed with Cox proportional hazard models for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality (natural and unnatural causes), and age-specific mortality (under and over age 30). All models were adjusted with gender. The total n in the study was 839 (cADHD n = 115; cAP n = 216; Non-cAP n = 508).

Results
By the age of 46, 11 (9.6%) deaths occurred in the cADHD group, 7 (3.2%) in the cAP group, and 20 (3.9%) in the Non-cAP group. The cADHD group had the highest mortality risk (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.15; 95% CI 1.02, 4.54). Mortality was not elevated in the cAP group (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.72; 95% CI .30, 1.72). Mortality in the cADHD group was mainly attributed to unnatural causes of death (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.82; 95% CI 1.12, 7.12). The mortality risk in the cADHD group was sixfold before age 30 (adjusted hazard ratio = 6.20; 95% CI 1.78, 21.57).

Conclusions
Childhood ADHD was associated with a twofold risk of premature death by the age of 46 in this prospective longitudinal cohort study. Our results corroborate previous findings and the morbidity of ADHD. Subthreshold levels of childhood ADHD symptoms were not linked to increased mortality. Our results suggest that mortality risk is higher in young than middle adulthood. Future studies should examine mortality associated with ADHD in different ages in adulthood to identify those in greatest risk of premature death.
Underlying lung disease and exposure to terrestrial moderate and high altitude: personalised risk assessment
Authors: Holthof Kirsten , Bridevaux Pierre-Olivier , Frésard Isabelle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOnce reserved for the fittest, worldwide altitude travel has become increasingly accessible for ageing and less fit people. As a result, more and more individuals with varying degrees of respiratory conditions wish to travel to altitude destinations. Exposure to a hypobaric hypoxic environment at altitude challenges the human body and leads to a series of physiological adaptive mechanisms. These changes, as well as general altitude related risks have been well described in healthy individuals. However, limited data are available on the risks faced by patients with pre-existing lung disease. A comprehensive literature search was conducted. First, we aimed in this review to evaluate health risks of moderate and high terrestrial altitude travel by patients with pre-existing lung disease, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sleep apnoea syndrome, asthma, bullous or cystic lung disease, pulmonary hypertension and interstitial lung disease. Second, we seek to summarise for each underlying lung disease, a personalized pre-travel assessment as well as measures to prevent, monitor and mitigate worsening of underlying respiratory disease during travel.
Open knee dislocation, triple intra-articular fractures and patellar tendon rupture: case report of a knee disaster treated with aggressive irrigation/debridement, early anatomic reduction and internal fixation
Authors: Vosoughi Farzad , Vosoughi Fardis , Kalantar Seyed Hadi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Open knee fracture-dislocation is a rare orthopedic injury. However, the importance of its correct management could not be overstated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fifth study reporting a case with simultaneous Hoffa fracture and knee dislocation and the 1st study describing a patient with open plateau fracture-dislocation accompanied with Hoffa fracture, patella fracture, and patellar tendon tear. In addition, this report is noticeable as our case had no gross ligament injury unlike frequent association of knee dislocation with knee collateral ligament damage.

Case presentation
In this study, we describe a 34-year-old motorcyclist referred to our center following a motor car accident. Further work-up revealed an open irreducible posterolateral knee dislocation, type 5 Hohl and Moore plateau fracture, lateral femoral condyle Hoffa’s fracture, patellar fracture, and patellar tendon tear of his right knee. During an open reduction, it turned out that an entrapped lateral meniscus prevented the joint to be reduced by closed means. After applying a temporary external fixator, the patient was finally managed with open reduction and internal fixation.

Conclusion
Irreducible knee dislocation needs further work up to rule out any interposed soft tissue into the joint. Aggressive irrigation/ debridement, early anatomic reduction, and internal fixation may help reduce open fracture complications including infection, non-union, and stiffness.