bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The design, construction, operation and performance of the Belle II silicon vertex detector
Authors: Adamczyk K. , Aggarwal L. , Aihara H. , Aziz T. , Babu V. , Bacher S. , Bahinipati S. , Bari M. , Baroncelli Ti. , Baroncelli To. , Bassi G. , Batignani G. , Baudot J. , Bauer A. , Behera P.K. , Bergauer T. , Bertacchi V. , Bettarini S. , Bilka T. , Bosi F. , Bosisio L. , Bozek A. , Buchsteiner F. , Bulla L. , Casarosa G. , Cautero G. , Ceccanti M. , Chen Y.Q. , Chendvankar S.R. , Corona L. , Cristaudo P. , Czank T. , Das S.B. , Dash N. , de Marino G. , De Nuccio M. , De Pietro G. , Divekar S.T. , Dolejschi P. , Doležal Z. , Dujany G. , Dutta D. , Finck C. , Fischer K.D. , Forti F. , Friedl M. , Frühwirth R. , Gabrielli A. , Ganiev E. , Gfall I. , Giuressi D. , Gobbo B. , Halder S. , Hara K. , Hazra S. , Higuchi T. , Himori S. , Horiguchi T. , Irmler C. , Ishikawa A. , Jeon H.B. , Jin Y. , Joo C. , Kaleta M. , Kaliyar A.B. , Kandra J. , Kang K.H. , Kapusta P. , Kodyš P. , Kohriki T. , Koike S. , Kolwalkar M.M. , Komarov I. , Kumar M. , Kumar R. , Kvasnička P. , La Licata C. , Lalwani K. , Lanceri L. , Lautenbach K. , Leboucher R. , Lee S.C. , Lee J.Y. , Lettenbichler J. , Li Y.B. , Libby J. , Lueck T. , Maity S. , Mammini P. , Manfredi R. , Martel L. , Martini A. , Massaccesi L. , Mayekar S.N. , Mohanty G.B. , Mohanty S. , Mora Grimaldo J.A. , Morii T. , Nakamura K.R. , Natkaniec Z. , Negishi K. , Nisar N.K. , Oberegger M. , Onuki Y. , Ostrowicz W. , Otani F. , Paladino A. , Palka H. , Paoloni E. , Park H. , Pernicka M. , Pilo F. , Pirker J. , Polat L. , Profeti A. , Rao K.K. , Rashevskaya I. , Resmi P.K. , Ripp-Baudot I. , Rizzo G. , Rout N. , Rozanska M. , Sahoo D. , Saito T. , Sandilya S. , Sasaki J. , Sato N. , Sato Y. , Schultschik S. , Schwanda C. , Seino Y. , Serrano J. , Shimasaki T. , Shimizu N. , Steininger H. , Stypula J. , Suzuki J. , Tanaka S. , Tanigawa H. , Taylor G.N. , Tenchini F. , Thalmeier R. , Thomas R. , Tiwary R. , Tsuboyama T. , Uematsu Y. , Valentan M. , Vitale L. , Volpi M. , Wan K. , Wang Z. , Watanabe M. , Watanuki S. , Watson I.J. , Webb J. , Werbycka O. , Wiechczynski J. , Williams S. , Würkner B. , Yin H. , Zanetti A. , Zani L. , Zhang T. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Silicon Vertex Detector of Belle II is a
state-of-the-art tracking and vertexing system based on double-sided
silicon strip sensors, designed and fabricated by a large
international collaboration in the period 2012–2018. Since 2019 it
has been in operation providing high quality data with a small
number of defective channels (<1%), a large hit-finding
efficiency (>99%), a good signal-to-noise ratio (well in excess
of 10 for all sensor configurations and tracks). Together with the
good control over the alignment, these are all essential factors to
achieve good tracking reconstruction and physics performance. In
this extended paper we try to document all the aspects of the SVD
challenges and achievements, in the spirit of providing information
to the broader community and help the development of high quality
detector systems, which are essential tools to carry out physics
research.
High resolution modeling of vegetation reveals large summertime biogenic CO2 fluxes in New York City
Authors: Wei Dandan , Reinmann Andrew , Schiferl Luke D , Commane Roisin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Cities are beginning to monitor atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) to assess the efficacy of their climate policies. However, changes in anthropogenic CO2 emissions must be separated from biospheric CO2 fluxes which have a large seasonal cycle. Urban vegetation (e.g. lawns, trees along street and in parks, etc) in developed land covers is often omitted in regional biogenic CO2 flux models. We set up a biosphere model to estimate the regional biogenic CO2 fluxes in New York City (NYC) and assess the importance of vegetation within developed land covers. The model incorporates a high-resolution (30 m) land cover map which identifies the mixture of impervious surfaces and vegetation that is ubiquitous across developed land covers. We designed three model scenarios to evaluate the role of developed land covers in regional biogenic CO2 fluxes by assuming (a) there is no vegetation versus scenarios where all remotely sensed vegetation in developed land covers is either (b) grassland or (c) deciduous forest. Despite relatively low tree canopy cover in NYC, the regional biogenic CO2 fluxes are surprisingly large when vegetation within the developed land covers is included. Furthermore, the types of vegetation within the developed land covers are crucially important for estimating regional biogenic CO2 fluxes, demonstrated by a doubling in estimates of total biogenic CO2 flux when this vegetation is assumed to be grassland compared to forest. Using a Lagrangian atmospheric transport model, we find that the regional biogenic CO2 uptake offsets up to 40% of atmospheric CO2 enhancements attributed to anthropogenic emissions in summer afternoons and completely balances on-road traffic in one of the most congested cities in the United States. Accurate characterization of the vegetation and biogenic carbon fluxes in cities are essential to the development of effective atmospheric monitoring tools. Future measurements should focus on constraining CO2 fluxes in urban grasslands (i.e. lawns).
Geometry, quantum correlations, and phase transitions in the Λ-atomic configuration
Authors: Castaños O , Cordero S , López-Peña R , Nahmad-Achar E 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The quantum phase diagram for a finite three-level system in the Λ configuration, interacting with a two-mode electromagnetic field in a cavity, is determined by means of information measures such as fidelity, fidelity susceptibility and entanglement, applied to the reduced density matrix of the matter sector of the system. The quantum phases are explained by emphasizing the spontaneous symmetry breaking along the separatrix. Additionally, a description of the reduced density matrix of one atom in terms of a simplex allows a geometric representation of the entanglement and purity properties of the system. These concepts are calculated for both, the symmetry-adapted variational coherent states and the numerical diagonalisation of the Hamiltonian, and compared. The differences in purity and entanglement obtained in both calculations can be explained and visualised by means of this simplex representation.
Reading beneath the Skin
Authors: Kroupa Sebestian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article explores the early modern encounter between Spanish colonizers and the Visayans, tattooed Indigenous people of the Philippines. Skin has commonly featured as a marker of human difference in studies of colonial interactions. By tracing how Spanish responses to tattooing were negotiated locally using preexisting and newly emerging terminologies, I suggest that there was no fixed framework for interpreting the meanings of skin and skin markings in early modern Europe. I demonstrate how Spanish writers sought to use Visayan tattoos to insert their bearers into the Spanish colonial universe, but how, at once, the tattooed body challenged imperial visions and the colonial categories of naked and dressed, literate and illiterate, savage and civilized. Just as the tattoo was caught in the space between the interior and the exterior of the body, so, too, the Visayans occupied a liminal position in colonial hierarchies as people who were destitute but capable of civilization. By examining the different forms of literacy entangled in reading tattoos, I point to the performative dimensions of the encounter and conceptualize the tattoo as a form of “embodied history.” I argue that paying close attention to such cross-cultural interactions is crucial for our understanding of how contemporary categories associated with skin and difference emerged out of early modern global engagements.
Tamsulosin for prevention of postoperative urinary retention: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Baysden Maddy , Hein Darren , Castillo Shana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeTo determine if administration of tamsulosin before and/or after surgery is safe and effective in preventing postoperative urinary retention (POUR).MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis comparing tamsulosin to control in patients undergoing surgery was conducted. The primary outcome was the incidence of POUR. Secondary outcomes included maximum urinary flow rate, surgery duration, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL) score, and incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI).ResultsTwenty-three randomized controlled trials (N = 3,555) met inclusion criteria. All were qualitatively analyzed, but one was excluded from quantitative analysis due to lack of statistical data. The risk of POUR was significantly lower with tamsulosin compared with control (relative risk, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.38-0.67; P &lt; 0.001). A significant increase in maximum urinary flow rate with use of tamsulosin versus control was also observed across 4 studies (difference in means, 2.76 mL/sec; 95% CI, 1.21-4.30; P &lt; 0.001). No significant differences between tamsulosin and control were observed amongst the studies that reported mean duration of surgery (P = 0.932), IPSS (P = 0.133), QOL score (P = 0.166), and UTI incidence (P = 0.624).ConclusionAdministration of tamsulosin before and/or after surgery significantly reduced the risk of POUR and improved maximum urinary flow rate compared to control; however, it had no significant impact on mean duration of surgery, IPSS, QOL score, or UTI incidence. Nonetheless, it may be reasonable for providers to consider administering tamsulosin before and/or after surgery to prevent POUR.
Structural and functional changes in drug-naïve benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes and their associated gene expression profiles
Authors: Yin Yu , Wang Fuqin , Ma Yingzi , Yang Jia , Li Rui , Li Yuanyuan , Wang Jiaojian , Liu Heng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) is a common pediatric epilepsy syndrome that has been widely reported to show abnormal brain structure and function. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying structural and functional changes remain largely unknown. Based on the structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 22 drug-naïve children with BECTS and 33 healthy controls, we conducted voxel-based morphology (VBM) and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) analyses to compare cortical morphology and spontaneous brain activity between the 2 groups. In combination with the Allen Human Brain Atlas, transcriptome-neuroimaging spatial correlation analyses were applied to explore gene expression profiles associated with gray matter volume (GMV) and fALFF changes in BECTS. VBM analysis demonstrated significantly increased GMV in the right brainstem and right middle cingulate gyrus in BECTS. Moreover, children with BECTS exhibited significantly increased fALFF in left temporal pole, while decreased fALFF in right thalamus and left precuneus. These brain structural and functional alterations were closely related to behavioral and cognitive deficits, and the fALFF-linked gene expression profiles were enriched in voltage-gated ion channel and synaptic activity as well as neuron projection. Our findings suggest that brain morphological and functional abnormalities in children with BECTS involve complex polygenic genetic mechanisms.
The methanogen core and pangenome: conservation and variability across biology’s growth temperature extremes
Authors: Prondzinsky Paula , Toyoda Sakae , McGlynn Shawn Erin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Temperature is a key variable in biological processes. However, a complete understanding of biological temperature adaptation is lacking, in part because of the unique constraints among different evolutionary lineages and physiological groups. Here we compared the genomes of cultivated psychrotolerant and thermotolerant methanogens, which are physiologically related and span growth temperatures from −2.5°C to 122°C. Despite being phylogenetically distributed amongst three phyla in the archaea, the genomic core of cultivated methanogens comprises about one-third of a given genome, while the genome fraction shared by any two organisms decreases with increasing phylogenetic distance between them. Increased methanogenic growth temperature is associated with reduced genome size, and thermotolerant organisms—which are distributed across the archaeal tree—have larger core genome fractions, suggesting that genome size is governed by temperature rather than phylogeny. Thermotolerant methanogens are enriched in metal and other transporters, and psychrotolerant methanogens are enriched in proteins related to structure and motility. Observed amino acid compositional differences between temperature groups include proteome charge, polarity and unfolding entropy. Our results suggest that in the methanogens, shared physiology maintains a large, conserved genomic core even across large phylogenetic distances and biology’s temperature extremes.
Resuscitative transoesophageal echocardiography performed by emergency physicians in the emergency department: insights from a 1-year period
Authors: Poppe Michael , Magnet Ingrid A M , Clodi Christian , Mueller Matthias , Ettl Florian , Neumayer David , Losert Heidrun , Zeiner-Schatzl Andrea , Testori Christoph , Roeggla Martin , Schriefl Christoph 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aims
Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) has increasingly been described as a possible complementary and point-of-care approach for patients with cardiac arrest (CA). It provides information about potentially reversible causes and prognosis and allows monitoring of resuscitation efforts without affecting ongoing chest compressions. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of TOE performed by emergency physicians (EPs) during CA in an emergency department (ED).

Methods and results
This prospective study was performed at the Department of Emergency Medicine at the Medical University of Vienna from February 2020 to February 2021. All patients of ≥18 years old presenting with ongoing resuscitation efforts were screened. After exclusion of potential contraindications, a TOE examination was performed and documented by EPs according to a standardized four-view imaging protocol. The primary endpoint represents feasibility defined as successful probe insertion and acquisition of interpretable images. Of 99 patients with ongoing non-traumatic CA treated in the ED, a total of 62 patients were considered to be examined by TOE. The examination was feasible in 57 patients (92%) [females, 14 (25%), mean age 53 ± 13, and witnessed collapse 48 (84%)]. Within these, the examiners observed 51 major findings in 32 different patients (66%). In 21 patients (37%), these findings led to a direct change of therapy. In 18 patients (32%), the examiner found ventricular contractions without detectable pulse. No TOE-related complications were found.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that EPs may be able to acquire and interpret TOE images in the majority of patients during CA using a standardized four-view imaging protocol.
Applying a systems perspective to understand the mechanisms of the European School Fruit and Vegetable Scheme
Authors: Zolfaghari Mahshid , Meshkovska Biljana , Banik Anna , Kamphuis Carlijn B M , Kopainsky Birgit , Luszczynska Aleksandra , Murrin Celine , Lien Nanna 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
For the past two decades, the percentage of European children who consume fruit daily has remained at around 40%, despite numerous school-based policy efforts and interventions. This study aimed to apply a systems approach to provide an integrated perspective of the mechanisms of the European School Fruit and Vegetable Scheme (the Scheme) to understand better how to increase its long-term impact on children’s fruit and vegetable consumption.

Methods
We developed a causal loop diagram by synthesizing peer-reviewed articles and national government documents related to the Scheme, following the conceptualization steps of system dynamics. The initial causal loop diagrams were then validated in three stages by consulting with experts (two individuals and a group) in school-based fruit and vegetable programmes, children's fruit and vegetable consumption and the Scheme, using disconfirmatory interview guidelines.

Results
The findings suggest that a central self-reinforcing mechanism through which children socialize during fruit and vegetable consumption is critical in the habituation process. Additionally, the initial increase in children’s fruit and vegetable consumption following the Scheme implementation is due to growth in three self-reinforcing loops related to motivation and capability mechanisms; however, this trend gradually slows and stops due to four balancing feedback loops with alternative goals related to opportunity mechanisms that reach their limits.

Conclusions
The scheme's design should incorporate activities that align the objectives of the implementers and recipients of the Scheme at all levels. This alignment should provide children with ongoing opportunities to consume fruits and vegetables and strengthen the motivation and capability mechanisms.
The Physical Activity Environment Policy Index for monitoring government policies and actions to improve physical activity
Authors: Woods Catherine B , Kelly Liam , Volf Kevin , Gelius Peter , Messing Sven , Forberger Sarah , Lakerveld Jeroen , den Braver Nicolette R , Zukowska Joanna , García Bengoechea Enrique 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
A multifaceted response, including government action, is essential to improve population levels of physical activity (PA). This article describes the development process of the ‘Physical Activity Environment Policy Index’ (PA-EPI) monitoring framework, a tool to assess government policies and actions for creating a healthy PA environment.

Methods
An iterative process was undertaken. This involved a review of policy documents from authoritative organizations, a PA policy audit of four European countries, and a systematic review of scientific literature. This was followed by an online consultation with academic experts (N = 101; 20 countries, 72% response rate), and policymakers (N = 40, 4 EU countries). During this process, consensus workshops were conducted, where quantitative and qualitative data, alongside theoretical and pragmatic considerations, were used to inform PA-EPI development.

Results
The PA-EPI is conceptualized as a two-component ‘policy’ and ‘infrastructure support’ framework. The two-components comprise eight policy and seven infrastructure support domains. The policy domains are education, transport, urban design, healthcare, public education (including mass media), sport-for-all, workplaces and community. The infrastructure support domains are leadership, governance, monitoring and intelligence, funding and resources, platforms for interaction, workforce development and health-in-all-policies. Forty-five ‘good practice statements’ or indicators of ideal good practice within each domain conclude the PA-EPI. A potential eight-step process for conducting the PA-EPI is described.

Conclusions
Once pre-tested and piloted in several countries of various sizes and income levels, the PA-EPI good practice statements will evolve into benchmarks established by governments at the forefront of creating and implementing policies to address inactivity.
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans: implementation process and indicators to evaluate effects on physical activity
Authors: Okraszewska Romanika , Peters Noah V , Reisch Lucia A , Flechtner-Mors Marion , Kamphuis Carlijn B M , Wendt Janine , Scheller Daniel A , Konsur Karolina , Żukowska Joanna 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Active mobility and public transport increase physical activity (PA) levels. With varying intensity and effectiveness, European cities implement Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs) to spur transport-related PA. Therefore, we aim to examine drivers and barriers to SUMP implementation and assess its influence on PA across European cities.

Methods
We screened policy reports to gain insights into SUMP implementation in one Danish, two German and two Polish cities. Further, we conducted semi-structured interviews with SUMP stakeholders in these cities to explore their experiences with SUMP implementation. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts was applied to identify similarities and differences across cities. To assess the effect of SUMP implementation on PA, we searched for data on indicators of transport-related PA.

Results
All investigated cities are committed to sustainable mobility. Nonetheless, complex institutional structures, the dominant role of motorized traffic as well as complex regional and local policy integration hamper SUMP implementation. Danish, German and Polish cities face different contexts in terms of financing, national guidelines and the prominence of sustainability as a policy objective. Each city adopts unique indicators for monitoring the effects of SUMPs on transport-related PA. The variety of indicators and limited data availability impede a comparative evaluation across cities. Constrained by this restriction, we identified motorization rate, modal split and public transport ridership as suitable indicators.

Conclusions
Local idiosyncrasies need to be accounted for when assessing the implementation of SUMPs. Nonetheless, consistent indicators and data transparency are essential for comparing the effectiveness of SUMPs and their impact on PA.
Using GRADE Evidence to Decision frameworks to support the process of health policy-making: an example application regarding taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages
Authors: Stadelmaier Julia , Rehfuess Eva A , Forberger Sarah , Eisele-Metzger Angelika , Nagavci Blin , Schünemann Holger J , Meerpohl Joerg J , Schwingshackl Lukas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Evidence to Decision (EtD) frameworks are well-known tools that enable guideline panels to structure the process of developing recommendations and making decisions in healthcare and public health. To date, they have not regularly been used for health policy-making. This article aims to illustrate the application of the GRADE EtD frameworks in the process of nutrition-related policy-making for a European country.

Methods
Based on methodological guidance by the GRADE Working Group and the findings of our recently published scoping review, we illustrate the process of moving from evidence to recommendations, by applying the EtD frameworks to a fictitious example. Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxation based on energy density was chosen as an example application.

Results
A fictitious guideline panel was convened by a national nutrition association to develop a population-level recommendation on SSB taxation aiming to reduce the burden of overweight and obesity. Exemplary evidence was summarized for each EtD criterion and conclusions were drawn based on all judgements made in relation to each criterion. As a result of the high priority to reduce the burden of obesity and because of the moderate desirable effects on health outcomes, but considering scarce or varying research evidence for other EtD criteria, the panel made a conditional recommendation for SSB taxation. Decision-makers may opt for conducting a pilot study prior to implementing the policy on a national level.

Conclusions
GRADE EtD frameworks can be used by guideline panels to make the process of developing recommendations in the field of health policy more systematic, transparent and comprehensible.