bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress Responses of Commercial Cotton Cultivars to Reduced Irrigation at Flowering and Maximization of Yields under Sub-Optimal Subsurface Drip Irrigation
Authors: Burke John J. , Ulloa Mauricio 
Published: October 2022

The gradual depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer in the Southern High Plains of Texas has resulted in reduced well capacities for cotton (Gossypium spp.) irrigation. This study investigated cotton cultivar responses to reduced irrigation from flowering to harvest (2013); and then evaluated season long water deficits and the impact of the timing and amount of irrigation (2014). In 2013, field-grown cotton irrigated with 5 mm per day irrigation showed relatively low stress levels as exemplified by efficiency of quantum yield values between 0.17 and 0.23. Reducing irrigation levels from 5 mm per day to 2.5 mm per day at flowering produced a range of stress levels of Fv/Fm from 0.28 to 0.54. In 2014, four of the commercial cultivars were grown in replicated plots receiving either 2.5 mm of irrigation per day or 17.5 mm of irrigation once a week. Cultivar differences in plant stress were detected for the daily and weekly irrigation strategies. Changes in plant size, boll production, and timing of cutout were observed. FM 2484B2F and Phytogen 72 exhibited no yield differences between the irrigation regimes, while All-Tex Edge and Phytogen 367 showed yield decreases (20% and 25%) under the 2.5 mm daily irrigation regime. Alteration of the timing for the limited irrigation can impact existing stress sensitivities by reducing stress levels and increasing yields.
Effect of Nitrogen Application Rates on Yield and Quality in Irrigated and Rainfed Cotton
Authors: Sui Ruixiu , Byler Richard K. , Delhom Christopher D. 
Published: October 2022

Studies on the effect of nitrogen (N) application rates on lint yield and fiber quality in irrigated and rainfed cotton were conducted for two years. In 2013, cotton was planted in 48 plots. Twenty-four plots were irrigated and the other 24 pots were rainfed. Six N application rates (0, 39, 67, 101, 135, and 168 kg/ha) with four replicates were randomly assigned to the irrigated and rainfed plots. In 2014, five N treatments (0, 56, 112, 168, and 224 kg/ha) with four replicates were assigned to 20 irrigated plots. Effect of N application rates on cotton lint yield was significant in 2014 (p = 0.0196), but not in 2013. Yield showed a quadratic relationship with leaf N content in irrigated cotton in both 2013 (p = 0.0268) and 2014 (p = 0.0099). Correlation between leaf N and yield of rainfed cotton was not significant in 2013. Leaf N of irrigated cotton in 2014 had significant correlation with fiber length (p = 0.0037), UQL (p = 0.0001), and UHML (p < 0.0001). Yellowness was linearly related with leaf N content. Fiber strength showed a linear relationship with leaf N in 2013 rainfed cotton (p = 0.0495), a quadratic relationship with irrigated cotton in 2013 (p = 0.0231) and 2014 (p = 0.0365). Overuse of nitrogen fertilizer in cotton could result in loss of yield and fiber quality. When the fiber quality from irrigated cotton was compared with rainfed cotton, irrigation increased lint yield by 26% and fiber length by 2%.
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DENGAN KEPATUHAN IBU DALAM PEMBERIAN IMUNISASI DASAR PADA BAYI DI PUSKESMAS KECAMATAN CENGKARENG JAKARTA BARAT
Authors: Desnita  , Yanuar  
Published: October 2022

The immunization program has large leverage to improve community health status, because the majority of infant mortality can be prevented by immunization interventions. One effort to improve children's immunity is the giving basic immunization. In immunization programs mother's role is the most important, knowledge of mothers about immunizations influence the implementation immunization itself. To maximize the results of the immunization, it should be given routinely. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge with obedience mother in giving of basic immunization to infants. This research method is descriptive correlation with a quantitative approach. The population in this study were mothers who had babies to immunization in Puskesmas Cengkareng, West Jakarta. The number of samples obtained 50 respondents. Data were collected by questionnaire. Data analysis using chi-square test with p-value (> 0.05). The results showed 46 respondents were knowledgeable of both adherent in the giving of basic immunization 43 respondents (93.5%) and less adherent knowledgeable three respondents (6.5%) of 4 respondents. Statistical test results obtained with chi square p-value 0.191 (> 0.05). There is no significant relationship between the level of knowledge of mothers with maternal compliance in the provision of basic immunization in infants. Because, basically, mothers who have very high awareness of immunization.
Nitrogen fertilization and CO2 concentration synergistically affect the growth and protein content of Agropyron mongolicum
Authors: Xu Aiyun , Zhang Lihua , Wang Xiaojia , Cao Bing 
Published: October 2022

Background
The nitrogen (N) and protein concentrations in plant tissues exposed to elevated CO2 (eCO2) generally decline , such declines in forage grass composition are expected to have negative implications for the nutritional and economic value of grass. Plants require N for the production of a photosynthetically active canopy and storage proteins in the tissues, whose functionality will strongly influence productivity and quality. The objective of this study was to investigate whether eCO2 plus N-fertilization increases growth and N nutrition of Agropyron mongolicum, and the dependence of this improvement on the coordination between root and leaf development.

Methods
We analyzed A. mongolicum from field-grown within the open-top chambers (OTCs) facility under two atmospheric CO2 (ambient, 400 ± 20 µmol mol−1, aCO2, and elevated, 800 ± 20 µmol mol−1, eCO2) and three N-fertigation treatments (control, low N-fertigation , and high N-fertigation) for two months.

Results
Elevated CO2 plus N-fertigation strongly increased shoot and root biomass, and the nitrogen and protein concentrations of A. mongolicum compared to those plants at aCO2 levels. Increased N content in leaves and reduced specific leaf area (SLA) at a high N supply could alleviate photosynthetic acclimation to eCO2 and drive the production of greater shoot biomass with the potential for higher photosynthesis, productivity, and nutritional quality. The increased root length (RL), the ratio of total aboveground N taken up per RL (TN/RL), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) contribute to the transpiration-driven mass flow of N, consequently increasing N uptake by roots. In addition, a smaller percentage of N remained as unassimilated nitrate (${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$) under eCO2, indicating that assimilation of ${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$ into proteins was not inhibited by eCO2. These findings imply that grass productivity and quality will enhance under anticipated elevated CO2 concentration when effective management measures of N-fertilization are employed.
SES1 is vital for seedling establishment and post-germination growth under high-potassium stress conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Guan Peiyan , Xie Chen , Zhao Dongbo , Wang Liyan , Zheng Chengchao 
Published: October 2022

Background
The potassium ion (K+) plays an important role in maintaining plant growth and development, while excess potassium in the soil can cause stress to plants. The understanding of the molecular mechanism of plant’s response to high KCl stress is still limited.

Methods
At the seed stage, wild type (WT) and SENSITIVE TO SALT1 (SES1) mutants were exposed to different concentrations of potassium treatments. Tolerance was assayed as we compared their performances under stress using seedling establishment rate and root length. Na+content, K+content, and K+/Na+ ratio were determined using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. In addition, the expressions of KCl-responding genes and ER stress-related genes were also detected and analyzed using qRT-PCR.

Results
SES1 mutants exhibited seedling establishment defects under high potassium concentration conditions and exogenous calcium partially restored the hypersensitivity phenotype of ses1 mutants. The expression of some K+ transporter/channel genes were higher in ses1-2, and the ratio of potassium to sodium (K+/Na+) in ses1-2 roots decreased after KCl treatment compared with WT. Further analysis showed that the ER stress marker genes were dramatically induced by high K+ treatment and much higher expression levels were detected in ses1-2, indicating ses1-2 suffers a more serious ER stress than WT, and ER stress may influence the seedling establishment of ses1-2 under high KCl conditions.

Conclusion
These results strongly indicate that SES1 is a potassium tolerance relevant molecule that may be related to maintaining the seedling K+/Na+ balance under high potassium conditions during seedling establishment and post-germination growth. Our results will provide a basis for further studies on the biological roles of SES1 in modulating potassium uptake, transport, and adaptation to stress conditions.
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Caulerpa Flour (Caulerpa lentifera) as Functional Food Raw Material
Authors: Arfini Fifi , Mahendradatta Meta , Metusalach . , Zainal . , Malle Sriwatti 
Published: October 2022

Aims: This research aims to study the process of making Caulerpa seaweed flour and extract; analyzed the antioxidant activity and inhibitory antibacterial activity of Caulerpa flour.
Study Design: The experimental design used in the first stage is the T-test by comparing the two washing treatments (3 times and 5 times), and in the second stage using a Completely Randomized Design.
Place and Duration of Study: The present study was conducted in Department of Aquatic Product Processing and Storage, Pangkep State Polytechnic of Agriculture. The duration of research is 6 month i.e from April, 2022 – September, 2022.
Methodology: The drying method is carried out by weighing fresh Caulerpa lentifera. samples and spread them on a baking sheet and in an oven to dry at 50°C. Caulerpa lentifera, which has been in powder form, will be analyzed for its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The extraction process will also be carried out on Caulerpa lentifera flour and analyzed for its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
Results: The results of the first phase of the study showed that the 5 times washing process on Caulerpa seaweed resulted in better quality than 3 times washing with an antioxidant value of 115.36 ppm, the water content of 9.9%; ash content of 23.65%; Ca levels of 152.4 mg/100 g; fiber 41.24%; Iodine 31.08 g/g and 4.16% yield. Caulerpa flour had the highest antioxidant and antibacterial activity compared to ethyl acetate and methanol with a value of 115.36 mg/L and an inhibitory diameter of 6.88 mm against Escherichia coli.
Conclusion: The antioxidant activity of seaweed flour is in the medium category and has an inhibitory power against pathogenic bacteria E.coli, so it has the potential as a functional food.
Changes in Liver Histomorphology, Hematological Parameters and Lipid Profile of Cadmium-Exposed Rats Treated with Combined Leaf Extract of Vernonia amygdalina and Occimum gratissimum
Authors: Orororo Osuvwe Clement , Efekemo Oghenekevwe , Udi Onoriode Andrew 
Published: October 2022

Aim: This study was aimed at examing the effect of mixture of Ocimum gratissimum extract and Vernonia amygdalina extract on lipid profile and hematological parameters of Wistar rats administered with cadmium.
Methodology: Sixteen female rats were divided into four groups and designated as follows: Group 1-Control (Normal Saline,) Group 2-(Cadmium 10mg/kg bwt), Group 3 (Normal saline, leaf extract 200kg/kg bwt) Group 4 (Cadmium 10mg/kg bwt and leaf extract 200kg/kg bwt) and were treated for 28 days (4 weeks).
Results: Exposure of rats to Cadmium alone (Group B) brought about significant increase in levels of Cholesterol, TAG and LDL with a decrease in HDL compared to control and rats maintained on plant extract alone (Group 3). However, treatment of Cd-exposed rats with mixture of the plant extracts (Group 4) significantly reduced Cholesterol, TAG and LDL with an increase in HDL compared to rats maintained on Cd alone (Group 2). The PCV and RBC of the rats administered with the cadmium showed a significant reduction when compared to the control group, whereas the WBC increased significantly (p< 0.05). The group administered with the leaf extract and a combination of the leaf extract and cadmium recorded an increased in the (PCV), (RBC) level of the Wistar rat and a reduction in the (WBC) level when compared to the group administered with cadmium.
Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that mixture of Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina extracts have lipid lowering properties that may be advantageous to those with the problem of cadmium toxicity. The extracts were also found to be efficient in decreasing cholesterol, triacylglyceride, and low density lipoprotein levels, indicating that they have hypocholesterolaemic properties.
Study on the Hypolipidemic Effect of Moringa oleifera Seeds Based on Zebrafish Hyperlipidemia Model
Authors: Yuan Tao , Wen Xin-Yu , Chen Yue , Deng Yan , Li Hong-Zhi , Huang Yi 
Published: October 2022

Objective: Investigated the hypolipidemic effect of alcoholic extract of Moringa oleifera seeds using the zebrafish hyperlipidemia model.
Methods: Using 0.3% egg yolk solution to feed zebrafish larval to construct the hyperlipidemia model. These larval fish in the model were treated with an extract of Moringa oleifera seeds for 2 days. Then, the tail vessels were observed after oil red O staining, and the accumulated optical density of lipids was analyzed. The body length, triglyceride (TG), and cholesterol (TC) levels were measured. Result: The accumulated optical density of lipids in the tail vessels of larval fish fed with 0.3% egg yolk was significantly higher than that of the blank group. The contents of TG and TC were also increased, indicating that the hyperlipidemia model was successfully established. After treatment with different concentrations of Moringa oleifera seed extract (10 μg/ml, 15 μg/ml, and 20 μg/ml), the staining attachment surface of vascular oil red O in the tail of hyperlipidemic zebrafish was significantly reduced by 42.8%, 63.3%, and 80.6% respectively. TG was reduced by 9.89%, 20.41%, and 26.40%. TC was reduced by 9.85%, 23.93%, and 33.80%. The data of each group were statistically significant (P<0.01).
Conclusion: Moringa seeds had a significant hypolipidemic effect on zebrafish and had no significant effect on the skeletal growth length of zebrafish.
Establishing Equivariant Class [O] for Hyperbolic Groups
Authors: Bhattacharjee Deep 
Published: October 2022

This paper aims to create a class [O] concerning the groups associated with Gromov hyperbolic groups over correspondence and equivalence through Fuchsian, Kleinian, and Schottky when subject to Laplace – Beltrami in the Teichmüller space where for the hyperbolic 3-manifold when the fundamental groups of Dehn extended to Gromov – any occurrence of Švarc-Milnor lemma satisfies the same class [O] for quotient space and Jørgensen inequality. Thus the relation (and class) extended to Mostow – Prasad Rigidity Theorem in a finite degree isometry concerning the structure of the commensurator in higher order generalizations suffice through CAT(k) space. The map of the established class [O] is shown at the end of the paper.
CD8+ Mycosis Fungoides in Peripheral Blood; A Rare Finding
Authors: Meraj Fatima , Khan Hamza , Zaman Amna Qamar uz , Jamal Saba 
Published: October 2022

Cutaneous T cell lymphomas are mature lymphomas of T lymphocyte presenting with skin lesions and/or systemic manifestations. Majority of these cases show CD4+ phenotype and are classified as Mycosis Fungoides (MF)/Sezary syndrome (SS) spectrum.
Here we present a case of 74-year-old male patient, having no known comorbid, presented in Dr. Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi OPD with complains of generalized skin lesions, itching for 2 years, generalized weakness for 4 months and no lymphadenopathy or visceromegaly. CBC showed absolute lymphocytosis and absolute eosinophilia. Some lymphocytes exhibited cerebriform nuclei. CT scan neck, chest and abdomen showed bilateral enlarged superficial inguinal lymph nodes and multiple enlarged bilateral axillary lymph nodes. Skin biopsy was inconclusive. Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood was then performed which showed an aberrant T cell population showing positivity for CD3, CD8, CD2, CD25 and negative for CD4, CD45, CD5, CD30, CD56 with variable expression of CD7. Case was finalized as CD8+ Mycosis Fungoides with peripheral blood involvement.
These findings are very rare and highlight the importance of integrated approach to clinical course, morphological findings and other ancillary tests to be used in correlation with each other. These findings also highlight the diversity present in T cell malignancies in terms of immunophenotype.
Customized Fertilizer: A Key for Enhanced Crop Production
Authors: Bhadu Anil , Singh Bhim , Gulshan Tajalee , Kumawat Shesh Narayan , Choudhary Rakesh Kumar , Farooq Faraaz 
Published: October 2022

One of the most important inputs in increasing food grain production is fertiliser. In terms of nutrients (N, P, and K), annual fertiliser consumption has increased from 0.07 million tonnes in 1951–1952 to more than 26.5 million tonnes in 2017–2018 [1], and consumption per hectare has increased from less than one kilogramme in 1951–1952 to the level of 137.62 kilogrammes in 2015–16. An important component for crop yield and productivity is fertiliser. Fertiliser use accounts for 55% of increased food output. India's annual food grain requirement is around 300 mt per annum by 2020. The area under cultivation cannot be expected to grow beyond the current 142 mha, hence a large portion of the increase in food grain output must be achieved by increasing productivity per unit area. In comparison to most crops, rice has a nitrogen fertiliser efficiency of just 30–40% and other cereals have a phosphorus fertiliser efficiency of 15–20%. Combinations of primary nutrients, secondary nutrients, and micronutrients may be included in the customised fertiliser. At customised fertilisers, major ingredients like Urea, Diammonium Phosphate (DAP), and Potash are combined with micronutrients like sulphur, zinc, and boron in a ratio that is appropriate for certain crops and soil types. As we know that, in addition to bigger amounts of fertilizer being removed, the development of high yielding systems is likely to make the problem of secondary and micronutrient deficiencies worse by applying huge amounts of N, P, and K to meet higher yield targets. As a result, there is a chance that in intensive systems, a negative balance may develop and there will be a shortage of secondary and micronutrients. Balanced fertilisation, site-specific nutrient management, and customised fertilisers will all be crucial in achieving sustainable future goals. In long run, such a strategy may also increase agricultural yields and prevent the loss of soil fertility. As a result, the current article concentrates on the various features of customised fertilisers connected to their necessity, production, standards, and long-term prospects.
An Unusual Detected Cause of Abnormal Liver Enzymes in an Aircrew Member Periodical Visit: Case Report
Authors: Zerrik Meryem , Echchachoui Houda , Iloughmane Zakaria , Ghazi Mouna El , Smires Fahd Bennani , Khalifa Mohamed El , El’mhadi Choukri , Benaissa Laila , Chemsi Mohamed 
Published: October 2022

Background: Hepatic tuberculosis (TB) is a rare entity, poorly described in the literature. It presents with nonspecific clinical manifestation and imaging findings mimicking other liver disease making diagnosis challenge. We report a case of isolated hepatic tuberculosis in asymptomatic cabin crew member diagnosed accidentally by investigating a liver chemistry test disorder.
Case Report: A 28 year-old Moroccan cabin crew attendant came to the aeromedical expertise center to perform her periodical medical assessment. She had no medical history. Physical examination was unremarkable. Liver chemistry test values were elevated. Imaging studies of the liver suggested malignant disease. Histological examination showed isolated hepatic tuberculosis.
Discussion: Isolated hepatic TB is very uncommon, lacks typical clinical manifestation and radiological features, but remains an important differential diagnosis of hepatic nodules especially in endemic areas. This observation highlights the benefit of liver chemistry test evaluation realized systematically for periodical aeromedical fitness to diagnose some pathology in asymptomatic stage avoiding complications. Hepatic TB is a cause of temporarily unfitness because it’s not compatible with flight safety conditions. Aircrew with hepatic TB will need to be assessed for both complete disease control and full resolution of any iatrogenic side effect of anti-tubercular drugs before returning to fly under some restrictions.