bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ground‐based and Satellite Measurements of Solar Spectral Irradiances at 305 nm and 380 nm at a Tropical Site
Authors: Silva Abel A. , Ferreira Willian J. , Alvala Plinio C. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTThe solar radiation has been monitored through ground‐based and satellite instruments all over the world for decades. This is also important for both checking and validation of satellite probing. In this work, we compare spectral irradiances at 305 nm (UV‐B) and 380 nm (UV‐A) from a ground‐based radiometer and the Ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) for a tropical site in 2019–2020. Measurements had the auxiliary support of a ground‐based imager to identify cloud cover. The presence of clouds introduces the largest differences between satellite and ground‐based measurements. In fact, on average, for all‐sky (AS, only cloudy skies) conditions such differences (satellite – ground‐based) were 46% and 30% at 305 nm and 380 nm, respectively, while for cloud‐free‐sky (CFS) conditions, the differences dropped to 17% and 8%. In addition, the linear fitting between ground‐based and satellite measurements yielded a coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.857 (for AS) and 0.984 (for CFS) at 305 nm and 0.774 (for AS) and 0.950 (for CFS) at 380 nm. The differences between these AS and CFS values of r2 were 95% statistically significant. Such results imply the hindrance clouds (and also aerosols based on the results for CFS) still set to obtain UV‐B and UV‐A surface irradiance from satellite probing.
State estimation for nonlinear state‐space transmission models of tuberculosis
Authors: Strydom Duayne , le Roux Johan Derik , Craig Ian Keith 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGiven the high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) and the mortality rate associated with the disease, numerous models, such as the Gammaitoni and Nucci (GN) model, were developed to model the risk of transmission. These models typically rely on a quanta generation rate as a measurement of infectivity. Since the quanta generation rate cannot be measured directly, the unique contribution of this work is to develop state estimators to estimate the quanta generation rate from available measurements. To estimate the quanta generation rate, the GN model is adapted into an augmented single‐room GN model and a simplified two‐room GN model. Both models are shown to be observable, i.e., it is theoretically possible to estimate the quanta generation rate given available measurements. Kalman filters are used to estimate the quanta generation rate. First, a continuous‐time extended Kalman filter is used for both adapted models using a simulation and measurement sampling rate of 60 s. Accurate quanta generate rate estimates are achieved in both cases. A more realistic scenario is also considered with a measurement sampling rate of one day. For these estimates, a hybrid extended Kalman filter (HEKF) is used. Accurate quanta generation rate estimates are achieved for the more realistic scenario. Future work could potentially use the HEKFs, the adapted models, and real‐time measurements in a control system feedback loop to reduce the transmission of TB in confined spaces such as hospitals.
The Hubei lockdown and its global impacts via supply chains
Authors: Zhang Qianxue 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article argues that the lockdown of Hubei province in China due to the Coronavirus outbreak provides a natural experiment to study the importance of China's role in global value chains. Since the lockdown started during the Lunar New Year, Hubei's migrant workers who went home could not return to workplaces in other provinces, resulting in a massive labor supply shock. I feed the supply shock through a Ricardian model with intermediate goods and sectoral linkages to study trade and welfare effects across several economies. While welfare in China is the most negatively affected, the shock also has sizeable negative implications for the US and the UK.
Who should “do more” about climate change? Cultural theory, polycentricity, and public support for climate change actions across actors and governments
Authors: Nowlin Matthew C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnder a polycentric approach to climate change, action is taken at different scales and across all levels of government and sectors of society. Some scholars have argued that such an approach is the best lens to view the governance of climate change and that a polycentric approach has advantages in addressing collective‐action problems. However, taking a polycentric approach would require public support for action at multiple scales. The issue of climate change is polarized across political beliefs and cultural worldviews and little research has examined how the public views climate action at one level of government relative to others as well as relative to actions by the private sector and by individuals. Using an original survey of the US public from October 2017, I explore who it is that the public thinks should "do more" about climate change and the role that the cultural worldviews posited by cultural theory—hierarchical, egalitarian, individualist, and fatalist—plays in shaping those opinions. Overall, I find support for multiple actors doing more to address climate change, but with differences in support between egalitarians and individualists for actors overall and for the federal government in particular.
Internalizing and externalizing correlates of parental overprotection as measured by the EMBU: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: de Roo Marthe , Veenstra René , Kretschmer Tina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAspects of parenting including overprotection explain individual differences in child adjustment. This review and meta‐analysis summarizes studies on parental overprotection and internalizing and externalizing problems. To ensure that findings could be compared as systematically as possible, the focus was on studies that used the overprotection scale of the Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran (“Memories of my Parents’ Upbringing”) (EMBU) questionnaire, a popular instrument to measure parental overprotection. In total, we extracted 176 effects from 29 studies. A modified version of the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale was used to perform quality assessments for the included studies. Parental overprotection was associated positively with offspring internalizing and externalizing problems, with overall estimates ranging from r = .14 to .18. Moderator analyses suggested that effects of maternal were larger than effects of paternal overprotection. Other factors that moderated the strength of the association between overprotection and maladjustment included whether outcomes were self‐reported or parent‐reported, the design was cross‐sectional or longitudinal, and publication year. Cultural context, age at exposure, and child sex did not explain differences between effect sizes. Most findings were based on cross‐sectional studies and therefore do not constitute proof of causal relations. Many studies were of less‐than‐satisfactory quality regarding representativeness of the sample, descriptions of the data collection, and statistical analyses. There is a clear need for well‐powered longitudinal studies to strengthen inferences about associations between parental overprotection and internalizing and externalizing problems.
Using number sequences to account for differences in generalizations
Authors: Zwanch Karen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study presents the preliminary qualitative results of a larger mixed methods study. The qualitative phase utilized task‐based clinical interviews to examine the non‐symbolic and symbolic linear generalizations of middle‐grades students. This investigation identified similarities and differences in the students’ generalizations, and interpreted these distinctions within the number sequences framework, which describes a hierarchy of numerical reasoning stages. Participants included 14 students in grades 6 through 9 who operated at 3 distinct stages of numerical reasoning, as framed by the number sequences. Findings indicate that the number sequences were related to students’ generalizations, in that students with more sophisticated numerical reasoning produced more sophisticated generalizations. The analysis relates students’ generalizing behaviors to the mental operations that define each of the three number sequences under examination. This study demonstrates the importance of supporting students’ numerical reasoning as a means of preparing them to reason algebraically in the middle grades, contributes theoretically to an understanding of the relationship between numerical reasoning and generalizing, and suggests instructional strategies for engaging students in generalizing.
Dynamic imaging of cell wall polysaccharides by metabolic click‐mediated labeling of pectins in living elongating cells
Authors: Ropitaux Marc , Hays Quentin , Baron Aurélie , Fourmois Laura , Boulogne Isabelle , Vauzeilles Boris , Lerouge Patrice , Mollet Jean‐Claude , Lehner Arnaud 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYProtein tracking in living plant cells has become routine with the emergence of reporter genes encoding fluorescent tags. Unfortunately, this imaging strategy is not applicable to glycans because they are not directly encoded by the genome. Indeed, complex glycans result from sequential additions and/or removals of monosaccharides by the glycosyltransferases and glycosidases of the cell's biosynthetic machinery. Currently, the imaging of cell wall polymers mainly relies on the use of antibodies or dyes that exhibit variable specificities. However, as immunolocalization typically requires sample fixation, it does not provide access to the dynamics of living cells. The development of click chemistry in plant cell wall biology offers an alternative for live‐cell labeling. It consists of the incorporation of a carbohydrate containing a bio‐orthogonal chemical reporter into the target polysaccharide using the endogenous biosynthetic machinery of the cell. Once synthesized and deposited in the cell wall, the polysaccharide containing the analog monosaccharide is covalently coupled to an exogenous fluorescent probe. Here, we developed a metabolic click labeling approach which allows the imaging of cell wall polysaccharides in living and elongating cells without affecting cell viability. The protocol was established using the pollen tube, a useful model to follow cell wall dynamics due to its fast and tip‐polarized growth, but was also successfully tested on Arabidopsis root cells and root hairs. This method offers the possibility of imaging metabolically incorporated sugars of viable and elongating cells, allowing the study of the long‐term dynamics of labeled extracellular polysaccharides.
KNOX II transcription factor HOS59 functions in regulating rice grain size
Authors: Sheng Minghao , Ma Xuelian , Wang Jiyao , Xue Tianxi , Li Zhongqiu , Cao Yaxin , Yu Xinyue , Zhang Xinyi , Wang Yonghong , Xu Wenying , Su Zhen 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYPlant Knotted1‐like homeobox (KNOX) genes encode homeodomain‐containing transcription factors. In rice (Oryza sativa L.), little is known about the downstream target genes of KNOX Class II subfamily proteins. Here we generated chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)–sequencing datasets for HOS59, a member of the rice KNOX Class II subfamily, and characterized the genome‐wide binding sites of HOS59. We conducted trait ontology (TO) analysis of 9705 identified downstream target genes, and found that multiple TO terms are related to plant structure morphology and stress traits. ChIP–quantitative PCR (qPCR) was conducted to validate some key target genes. Meanwhile, our IP‐MS datasets showed that HOS59 was closely associated with BELL family proteins, some grain size regulators (OsSPL13, OsSPL16, OsSPL18, SLG, etc.), and some epigenetic modification factors such as OsAGO4α and OsAGO4β, proteins involved in small interfering RNA‐mediated gene silencing. Furthermore, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 editing and transgenic approaches to generate hos59 mutants and overexpression lines, respectively. Compared with wild‐type plants, the hos59 mutants have longer grains and increased glume cell length, a loose plant architecture, and drooping leaves, while the overexpression lines showed smaller grain size, erect leaves, and lower plant height. The qRT‐PCR results showed that mutation of the HOS59 gene led to upregulation of some grain size‐related genes such as OsSPL13, OsSPL18, and PGL2. In summary, our results indicate that HOS59 may be a repressor of the downstream target genes, negatively regulating glume cell length, rice grain size, plant architecture, etc. The identified downstream target genes and possible interaction proteins of HOS59 improve our understanding of the KNOX regulatory networks.
Comparison of point‐of‐care NOVA CCX blood gas analyzer to laboratory analyzer in a population of healthy adult cats
Authors: Trenholme H. Nicole , Tynan Beth , Jackson Mary , Kerl Marie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the level of agreement of measurement of analytes (sodium, chloride, potassium, urea nitrogen [UN], creatinine, glucose) in a population of healthy adult cats between the point‐of‐care (POC) analyzer and laboratory analyzer. To establish reference intervals for the POC analyzer in healthy adult cats.DesignProspective observational study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsFifty‐five cats were screened. Seven cats were excluded due to aggression that prohibited phlebotomy, and 1 cat was excluded due to prolonged restraint; 47 cats were enrolled.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsIn this patient population, reference intervals for the POC analyzer were calculated: sodium 145–157 mmol/L; chloride 116–124 mmol/L; potassium 3.4–5.5 mmol/L; UN 5.71–13.9 mmol/L (16–39 mg/dl); creatinine 74.3–189.2 mmol/L (0.84–2.14 mg/dl); and glucose 4–11.8 mmol/L (72–213 mg/dl). Comparison between the POC analyzer and laboratory analyzer using the Bland–Altman method was performed. The bias for each analyte is as follows: sodium 1.55 mmol/L; chloride 0.99 mmol/L; potassium 0.21 mmol/L; UN –0.25 mmol/L (–0.7 mg/dl); creatinine 9.73 mmol/L (0.11 mg/dl); and glucose 0.5 mmol/L (9.79 mg/dl).ConclusionsReference intervals for each analyte were similar to other chemistry analyzers. There was no significant difference between the POC and laboratory analyzers in analysis of UN, with a statistically significant difference observed with sodium, potassium, chloride, creatinine, and glucose. However, the values are likely not sufficiently different to alter initial clinical decisions regarding patient care.
Increasing water retention capacity via Grey roof to green roof transformation
Authors: Chen Ying‐Chu , Chen Shih‐Kai , Chen Zih‐An 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated the potential of transforming nonvegetated (grey) roofs into vegetated (green) roofs to increase their water retention capacity and the retention of surface runoff in Taipei City. Of the total area of Taipei City (26 855 ha), we found that 304.5 ha of grey roof could be converted to green roof. Residential areas with higher living standards had a greater potential for grey roof to green roof transformation. The sampled substrate had an average porosity of 59.2% and a bulk density of 1.00 g/cm3. Surface runoff is likely to occur when the level of precipitation exceeds the field capacity of the green roof (13.3 mm/day). The highest percentage of runoff reduction (59.0%) occurred in the cold season. During the rainy months, the runoff reduction ranged from 14% to 28%. The water retention capacity of the green roof was higher during low‐intensity rainfall events than during high‐intensity rainfall events.
A Comprehensive Analytical Shock Loss Model for Axial Compressor Cascades
Authors: Banjac Milan , Savanovic Teodora , Petkovic Djordje , Petrovic Milan V. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe approach applied in various research papers that model compressor shock losses is valid only for certain types of airfoil cascades operating in a narrow range of working conditions. Lately, more general shock loss models have been established that cover a wider variety of airfoils and operating regimes. However, owing to the complexity of the studied matter, the majority of such models are, to a certain extent, presented only in a descriptive manner. The lack of specific details can affect the end results when such a model is utilized since improvisation cannot be avoided. Some models also apply complex numerical procedures that can slow the calculations and be a source of computational instability. In this research, an attempt has been made to produce an analytical shock loss model that is simple enough to be described in detail while being universal and robust enough to find wide application in the fields of design and performance analysis of transonic compressors and fans. The flexible description of airfoil geometry encompasses a variety of blade shapes. Both unchoked and choked operating regimes are covered, including a precise prediction of choke occurrence. The model was validated using a number of numerical test cases.
Methodology Review: A Protocol to Audit the Representation of Female Athletes in Sports Science and Sports Medicine Research
Authors: Smith Ella S. , McKay Alannah K.A. , Ackerman Kathryn E. , Harris Rachel , Elliott-Sale Kirsty J. , Stellingwerff Trent , Burke Louise M. 
Published: February 2022

Female-specific research on sports science and sports medicine (SSSM) fails to mirror the increase in participation and popularity of women’s sport. Females have historically been excluded from SSSM research, particularly because their physiological intricacy necessitates more complex study designs, longer research times, and additional costs. Consequently, most SSSM practices are based on research with men, despite potential problems in translation to females due to sexual dimorphism in biological and phenotypical parameters as well as differences in event characteristics (e.g., race distances/durations). Recognition that erroneous extrapolations may hamper the efforts of females to maximize their athletic potential has created an impetus to acknowledge and readdress the sex disparity in SSSM research. To direct the priorities for future research, it is prudent to first develop a comprehensive understanding of the gaps in current knowledge by systematically “auditing” the literature. By conducting audits of the literature to highlight underdeveloped topics or identify potential problems with the quality of research, this information can then be used to expediently direct new research activities. This paper therefore presents a standardized audit methodology to establish the representation of female athletes in subdisciplines of existing SSSM research, including a template for reporting the results of key metrics. This standardized audit process will enable comparisons over time and between research subdisciplines. This working guide provides an important step toward achieving sex equity across SSSM research, with the eventual goal of providing evidence-based recommendations specific to the female athlete.
Monitoring Internal and External Load During Volleyball Competition
Authors: Gielen Jasper , Mehuys Elise , Berckmans Daniel , Meeusen Romain , Aerts Jean-Marie 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the relationships between continuously measured internal and external load variables during volleyball competition. Methods: A total of 8 male elite volleyball athletes (Belgian Liga A and Liga B) were monitored during official competition matches. In total, 63 individual measurements are included in this study. The authors used heart-rate (HR) data as internal load and accelerometer-based activity as external load. Data were recorded at a sampling frequency of 1 Hz using wearable technology during official competition. Workload during continuous game play and individual jumps performed while serving and spiking (selected by means of video analysis) were studied using correlation analysis and dynamic time-series modeling. Results: Significant linear correlations were observed between peak acceleration and maximal HR of individual serves (ρ = .62; P = 1.6e−5) and spikes (ρ = .49; P = 1.2e−3) that were performed during the warm-up. These same actions performed during the match did not show significant correlations. The correlation between the mean HR and mean activity throughout the entire match was also found to be significant (ρ = .67; P = 2.0e−9). With respect to the time-series models, the mean value for the goodness of fit () between HR and activity was equal to .83 and .67 for the individual actions and the entire matches, respectively. Conclusions: The results show that there are strong relationships between internal and external load during volleyball competition. Second-order transfer function models are capable of explaining the main dynamics of HR (internal load) in response to accelerometer-based activity (external load). Time-series analysis of continuously measured workload is proposed for use in practice.
Train at home, but not alone: a randomised controlled multicentre trial assessing the effects of live-streamed tele-exercise during COVID-19-related lockdowns
Authors: Wilke Jan , Mohr Lisa , Yuki Gustavo , Bhundoo Adelle Kemlall , Jiménez-Pavón David , Laiño Fernando , Murphy Niamh , Novak Bernhard , Nuccio Stefano , Ortega-Gómez Sonia , Pillay Julian David , Richter Falk , Rum Lorenzo , Sanchez-Ramírez Celso , Url David , Vogt Lutz , Hespanhol Luiz 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivePublic life restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic caused reductions in physical activity (PA) and decreases in mental and somatic health. Considering the interplay between these factors, we investigated the effects of digital home exercise (DHE) during government-enforced lockdowns.MethodsA multicentre randomised controlled trial was performed allocating healthy individuals from nine countries (N=763; 523 female) to a DHE or an inactive control group. During the 4-week main intervention, DHE members engaged in live-streamed multicomponent home exercise. Subsequently, both groups had access to prerecorded workouts for an additional 4 weeks. Outcomes, assessed weekly, included PA level (Nordic Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7), mental well-being (WHO-5 Questionnaire), sleep quality (Medical Outcome Study Sleep Scale), pain/disability (Chronic Pain Grade Scale) and exercise motivation (Self-Concordance Scale). Mixed models were used for analysis.ResultsLive-streamed DHE consistently increased moderate PA (eg, week 1: 1.65 times more minutes per week, 95% CI 1.40 to 1.94) and vigorous PA (eg, week 1: 1.31 times more minutes per week, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.61), although the effects decreased over time. In addition, exercise motivation, sleep quality and anxiety were slightly improved for DHE in the 4-week live streaming period. The same applied to mental well-being (mean difference at week 4: +0.99, 95% CI 0.13 to 1.86), but an inverted trend was observed after live streaming was substituted by prerecorded exercise.ConclusionsLive-streamed DHE represents an efficacious method to enhance PA and selected markers of health during pandemic-related public life restrictions. However, research on implementation is warranted to reduce dropout rates.Trial Registration numberDRKS00021273.