bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La conjoncture économique de la Belgique et du Luxembourg
Authors: Dupriez Léon-H. 
Published: August 2022

Au cours du trimestre écoulé, la conjoncture économique mondiale a de nouveau ressenti le contrecoup de ces ruptures graves qui maintiennent et aggravent la crise actuelle. Le fléchissement du dollar est le dernier en date de ces accidents dont la longue suite est la conséquence directe d’une baisse trop accentuée des prix. Dès le mois de mai de l’an dernier nous avions attiré l’attention sur ce danger en ces ternies : « La Belgique offre, comme les autres pays de l’Europe occidentale, une résistance plus grande aux conséquences sociales d’un état de crise que les pays neufs d’outremer et que l’Europe centrale et orientale. Ce sort relativement privilégié ne doit pas lui faire perdre de vue que dans d’autres pays la crise a atteint un point où les perturbations politiques succèdent aux accidents financiers. Le monde n’est à l’abri ni des uns ni des autres et nous devons en subir les répercussions, si un ensemble de politiques étroitement nationales continue à maintenir l’activité économique dans l’ornière où elle a glissé ». En août, nous avons précisé comme suit : « Les événements des derniers quinze mois ont mis en lumière que de nombreux pays étaient à bout dans le domaine financier et l’on a pu constater les effets des ruptures enregistrées. Dans l’ensemble, la position de la Belgique paraît privilégiée à cet égard et plus solide que celle de pays qui résistent encore, notamment à raison d’un capital-obligations relativement réduit et à l’absence d’avances à l’étranger à court terme. Mais dans ce domaine l’on ne peut jurer de rien, car tant que la crise s’accentue, des accidents financiers sont à redouter dans le monde ». Nous estimons pouvoir maintenir intégralement ces jugements, sinon même les renforcer, pour apprécier la situation qui règne en mai 1933.Si nous envisageons maintenant les répercussions directes du dernier accident financier, à savoir le chute du dollar, nous devons constater qu’il a eu d’autres conséquences que la baisse de la livre sterling. Dans les idées, le désarroi est sans doute plus grand, parce que le dollar est tombé devant des difficultés internes, mal comprises au dehors, et parce qu’aucune défense sérieuse n’a été esquissée sur le marché des changes, où la situation est restée bonne jusque dans les tout derniers temps. La livre, au contraire, était tombée après qu’une longue résistance s’était avérée inutile devant un drainage régulier de l’encaisse et le rôle de prix intérieurs trop élevés paraissait évident dans la genèse de cette situation.
La conjoncture économique de la Belgique et du Luxembourg
Authors: Dupriez Léon H. 
Published: August 2022

S’il ne s’agissait que de fournir matière à d’amples vérifications du jeu des lois économiques, les événements survenus depuis trois ans pourraient compter au nombre des plus utiles de l’histoire économique. Car on a rarement vu se manifester des déséquilibres aussi graves et aussi nombreux dans tous les domaines et se suivre des réactions plus paradoxales; celles-ci ont obligé les économistes à élargir leurs conceptions, à mieux distinguer dans leurs constatations le phénomène contingent de la règle, à formuler des règles d’application générale là où les principes n’avaient été précisés que pour des cas particuliers. Les écoles anglaise et scandinave sont déjà allées loin dans cette voie.La triste réalité est cependant que tous ces événements sont le résultat d’accidents pénibles, survenus parce que la crise devenait trop intense et insupportable pour certaines nations; et ces accidents en ont entraîné d’autres, à tel point que les nations se trouvent maintenant dans des situations très différentes, que le mécanisme des prix internationaux est entièrement disloqué et que chaque groupe politique cherche à se créer, à l’intérieur de ses frontières, un certain équilibre économique ou tout au moins à étayer une situation branlante. Tandis que certains déséquilibres s’atténuent par le jeu d’adaptations économiques, d’autres ne cessent de renaître par suite de faits nouveaux. A aucun moment nous ne savons si le lendemain un facteur nouveau de dépression ne va pas surgir inopinément quelque part.
La conjoncture économique de la Belgique et du Luxembourg
Authors: Léon-H. Dupriez 
Published: August 2022

La bourse de Bruxelles a encore été exceptionnellement déprimée jusqu’au 8 août, moment où la nouvelle des réformes financières créa un mouvement de spéculation haussière. Le Ier août, l’indice des actions était tombé au plus bas, à 26, le minimum précédent ayant été de 31, en avril 1933. Depuis septembre 1933, la baisse ininterrompue a été de l’indice 38 à l’indice 26, soit un fléchissement qui représente 32 %. Survenant dans un marché déjà déprimé, celui-ci est en rapport avec les conditions d’exploitation très difficiles auxquelles doivent faire face la plupart des industries belges; leur marge de fabrication est réduite par la course à la baisse des prix et comme celle-ci ne paraît pas encore toucher à sa fin en Belgique, les perspectives de profits apparaissent sous un jour très sombre, surtout dans les industries fondamentales, où les pertes enregistrées aux bilans des dernières années sont déjà importantes.La baisse des cours est commune aux bourses de Bruxelles, de Paris et d’Amsterdam, mais elle est moins forte à cette dernière bourse. Elle reste toujours en opposition avec la tendance haussière de Londres.Le marché des titres à revenu fixe a été plus ferme depuis le début de cette année; l’on sait toutefois que les taux de capitalisation restent excessifs et dépassent ceux des autres marchés de l’Europe occidentale.
Assessing Physical Relationships Between Atmospheric State, Fluxes, and Boundary Layer Stability at McMurdo Station, Antarctica
Authors: Dice Mckenzie J. , Cassano John J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObservations at McMurdo Station, Antarctica from 24 November 2015 through 3 January 2017 were used to characterize the physical relationships between boundary layer stability and atmospheric state and fluxes. The basis of this analysis was self‐organizing maps (SOMs), a neural network algorithm, used to identify the range of potential temperature profiles present in the twice‐daily radiosonde data during the ARM (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement) West Antarctic Radiation Experiment (AWARE) campaign. The SOM identified profiles ranging from strongly stable to weakly stable regimes over the lowest 500 m of the atmosphere. It was found that in the winter (MJJA), moderate and strongly stable regimes occur most frequently (61%), while weakly stable regimes dominate in the summer (DJ, 83.4%). The mechanisms responsible for the dominance of different stability regimes in each season were analyzed to determine why these regimes occur with varying frequency throughout the year. This analysis found that wind speed variations and radiative cooling are responsible for the stability observed in the winter, radiative warming, as well as weaker wind speeds, are responsible for summer weak stability, and stability variations in the transition seasons (FMA, SON) are characterized by a change in sign of net radiation with increasing stability, as wind speed changes little across stability regimes. Low‐level jets were observed to occur about 50% of the time below areas of enhanced stability aloft and were observed most frequently in the transition seasons. The boundary layer depth, as determined by the Bulk Richardson number, was found to decrease with increasing stability.
Diagnosis of Ozone Formation Sensitivities in Different Height Layers via MAX‐DOAS Observations in Guangzhou
Authors: Lin Hua , Xing Chengzhi , Hong Qianqian , Liu Cheng , Ji Xiangguang , Liu Ting , Lin Jinan , Lu Chuan , Tan Wei , Li Qihua , Liu Haoran 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDiagnosing the vertical distributions of ozone formation sensitivities within the boundary layers is the prerequisite for formulating proper ozone control strategies. From 1 January 2020, to 20 August 2021, a multi‐function MAX‐DOAS instrument was set up in Guangzhou to detect the NO2 and HCHO vertical profiles. The ozone formation sensitivities in different height layers were diagnosed using the FNRsec, which was defined as the ratio of secondary HCHO to NO2 VMRs (HCHOsec/NO2). The secondary sources in ambient HCHO participate in the photochemical reactions directly, and the FNRsec can indicate the ozone formation sensitivities more accurately. Therefore, the secondary source was separated from ambient HCHO via a multi‐linear regression method, and its relative contribution was approximately 66.9 ± 6.3%. The sensitivity thresholds of ozone formation were determined by the slope of the linear regression analysis for O3 versus the normalized secondary HCHO or NO2 mixing ratios for different FNRsec ranges, which were 0.22 and 0.36. For the ground layer, the VOC‐limited, transitional, and NOx‐limited regimes accounted for 40.66%, 32.42%, and 26.92%, respectively. Diurnally, the ground layer was usually in the VOC‐limited regime in morning, but in the transitional regime in noon and afternoon. Vertically, the ozone formation sensitivity changed with altitude from VOC‐limited (0.02–0.22 km) to transitional (0.22–0.42 km) to NOx‐limited (0.42–2.02 km). These findings can help formulate proper ozone control strategies in time according to the varying local conditions.
Hydroclimatology and Hydrometeorology of Flooding Over the Eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yang Long , Ma Jie , Wang Xianyan , Tian Fuqiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe hydroclimatology and hydrometeorology of flooding over the Third Pole region is poorly understood, despite its societal and environmental significance. Here we examine extreme rainfall and flooding over the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) based on empirical analyses of long‐term, in‐situ rainfall and stream gaging observations as well as the ECMWF Reanalysis fields. We develop a flood catalog that consists of 168 extreme rainfall‐runoff floods over the eastern TP, and characterize the synoptic conditions for flood‐producing storms based on the principal component analysis. We show the transitional pattern form Asian summer monsoons to midlatitude systems as the most frequent synoptic conditions for flooding over the eastern TP. The interplay between complex terrains and moisture transport determines the contrasting flood characteristics (in terms of intensity and spatial pattern) under different synoptic environments. We carry out high‐resolution Weather Research and Forecasting modeling analysis for four flood‐producing storms over the eastern TP. We highlight the interaction of complex terrains and nocturnal low level jets as the key mesoscale ingredients in dictating a pronounced diurnal cycle of extreme rainfall over the southeastern portion of TP. Our results establish the link between large‐scale synoptic environment, mesoscale process, and regional flood hydrology over the eastern TP, and therefore contribute to improved flood risk management practices over the Third Pole region under a changing climate.
Do Nudging Tendencies Depend on the Nudging Timescale Chosen in Atmospheric Models?
Authors: Kruse Christopher G. , Bacmeister Julio T. , Zarzycki Colin M. , Larson Vincent E. , Thayer‐Calder Katherine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNudging is a ubiquitous capability of numerical weather and climate models that is widely used in a variety of applications (e.g., crude data assimilation, “intelligent” interpolation between analysis times, constraining flow in tracer advection/diffusion simulations). Here, the focus is on the momentum nudging tendencies themselves, rather than the atmospheric state that results from application of the method. The initial intent was to interpret these tendencies as a quantitative estimate of model error (net parameterization error in particular). However, it was found that nudging tendencies depend strongly on the nudging time scale chosen, which is the primary result presented here. Reducing the nudging time scale reduces the difference between the model state and the target state, but much less so than the reduction in the nudging time scale, resulting in increased nudging tendencies. The dynamical core, in particular, appears to increasingly oppose nudging tendencies as the nudging time scale is reduced. A heuristic analysis suggests such a result should be expected as long as the state the model is trying to achieve differs from the target state, regardless of the type of target state (e.g., a reanalysis, another model). These results suggest nudging tendencies cannot be quantitatively interpreted as model error. Still, two experiments aimed at seeing how nudging can identify a withheld parameterization suggest nudging tendencies do contain some information on model errors and/or missing physical processes and still might be useful in model development and tuning, even if only qualitatively.
Length of biliopancreatic limb in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and its impact on post-operative outcomes in metabolic and obesity surgery—systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kamocka Anna , Chidambaram Swathikan , Erridge Simon , Vithlani Gauri , Miras Alexander Dimitri , Purkayastha Sanjay 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a gold-standard procedure for treatment of obesity and associated comorbidities. No consensus on the optimal design of this operation has been achieved, with various lengths of bypassed small bowel limb lengths being used by bariatric surgeons. This aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine whether biliopancreatic limb (BPL) length in RYGB affects postoperative outcomes including superior reduction in weight, body mass index (BMI), and resolution of metabolic comorbidities associated with obesity.

Methods
A systematic search of the literature was conducted up until 1st June 2021. Meta-analysis of primary outcomes was performed utilising a random-effects model. Statistical significance was determined by p value < 0.05.

Results
Ten randomised controlled trials were included in the final quantitative analysis. No difference in outcomes following short versus long BLP in RYGB was identified at 12–72 months post-operatively, namely in BMI reduction, remission or improvement of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and complications (p > 0.05). Even though results of four studies showed superior total body weight loss in the long BPL cohorts at 24 months post-operatively (pooled mean difference −6.92, 95% CI –12.37, −1.48, p = 0.01), this outcome was not observed at any other timepoint.

Conclusion
Based on the outcomes of the present study, there is no definitive evidence to suggest that alteration of the BPL affects the quantity of weight loss or resolution of co-existent metabolic comorbidities associated with obesity.
CRMP2 derived from cancer associated fibroblasts facilitates progression of ovarian cancer via HIF-1α-glycolysis signaling pathway
Authors: Jin Yunfeng , Bian Saiyan , Wang Hui , Mo Jiahang , Fei He , Li Li , Chen Tong , Jiang Hua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs the predominant stroma cells of tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are robust tumor player of different malignancies. However, less is known about the regulatory mechanism of CAFs on promoting progression of ovarian cancer (OvCA). In the present study, the conditioned medium of primary CAFs (CAF-CM) from OvCA was used to culture cell lines of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), and showed a potent role in promoting proliferation, migration and invasion of cancer cells. Mass spectrum (MS) analysis identified that Collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2), a microtubule-associated protein involved in diverse malignancies, derived from CAFs was a key regulator responsible for mediating these cell events of OvCA. In vitro study using recombinant CRMP2 (r-CRMP2) revealed that the protein promoted proliferation, invasion, and migration of OvCA cells through activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α-glycolysis signaling pathway. The CRMP2 was abundantly expressed in OvCA, with a well correlation with metastasis and poor prognosis, as analyzed from 118 patients’ samples. Inhibition of the CRMP2 derived from CAFs by neutralizing antibodies significantly attenuated the tumor size, weights, and metastatic foci numbers of mice in vivo. Our finding has provided a novel therapeutic clue for OvCA based on TME.
A 12-month weight loss intervention in adults with obstructive sleep apnoea: is timing important? A step wedge randomised trial
Authors: Truby Helen , Edwards Bradley A. , Day Kaitlin , O’Driscoll Denise M. , Young Alan , Ghazi Ladan , Bristow Claire , Roem Kerryn , Bonham Maxine P. , Murgia Chiara , Haines Terry P. , Hamilton Garun S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) concomitant with weight loss is a recommended treatment approach for adults with moderate-severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and obesity. This requires multiple synchronous behaviour changes. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a 6-month lifestyle intervention and to determine whether the timing of starting a weight loss attempt affects weight change and trajectory after 12 months in adults newly diagnosed with moderate-severe OSA and treated at home with overnight CPAP.

Methods
Using a stepped-wedge design, participants were randomised to commence a six-month lifestyle intervention between one and six-months post-enrolment, with a 12-month overall follow-up. Adults (n = 60, 75% males, mean age 49.4 SD 10.74 years) newly diagnosed with moderate-severe OSA and above a healthy weight (mean BMI 34.1 SD 4.8) were recruited.

Results
After 12 months, exposure to the intervention (CPAP and lifestyle) resulted in a 3.7 (95% CI: 2.6 to 4.8, p < 0.001) kg loss of weight compared to the control condition (CPAP alone). Timing of the weight loss attempt made no difference to outcomes at 12 months. When exposed to CPAP only (control period) there was no change in body weight (Coef, [95% CI] 0.03, [−0.3 to 0.36], p = 0.86).

Conclusions
The lifestyle intervention resulted in a modest reduction in body weight, while timing of commencement did not impact the degree of weight loss at 12 months. These findings support the recommendation of adjunctive weight-loss interventions within six-months of starting CPAP.
The effect of multistrain probiotics on functional constipation in the elderly: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Šola Katarina Fehir , Vladimir-Knežević Sanda , Hrabač Pero , Mucalo Iva , Saso Luciano , Verbanac Donatella 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background and objectives
Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal conditions, particularly among older individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of selected multistrain probiotics on functional constipation and laboratory blood parameters in the elderly living in a nursing home.

Subjects and methods
Sixty participants (42 females and 18 males) aged 77.9 ± 8.84 years with functional constipation, who met the eligibility criteria, completed the study. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design, each participant was randomized to receive either the selected probiotic mixture (N = 28) or placebo (N = 32) for 12 weeks as an adjunct to their usual diet and medications. The liquid probiotic formulation containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BLC1, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA3 and Lactobacillus casei BGP93 was tested for the first time.

Results
Supplementation of selected probiotics resulted in a slight but nonsignificant increase in cumulative stool frequency compared with placebo. However, after the 71st day of the treatment, the cumulative number of stools was significantly higher in the probiotic group (P < 0.05) when the influence of laxative was excluded. The trend towards an increase in the difference between the two groups, which began 1 week after the probiotic intervention, pointed out to their prolonged effect. There were no significant dependent or independent effects of treatment and time on most of the 27 laboratory blood parameters tested.

Conclusions
Multistrain probiotic supplementation was found to be efficacious, safe and well tolerated in the elderly with functional constipation.
Coherent full polarization control based on bound states in the continuum
Authors: Kang Ming , Zhang Ziying , Wu Tong , Zhang Xueqian , Xu Quan , Krasnok Alex , Han Jiaguang , Alù Andrea 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBound states in the continuum (BICs) are resonant modes of open structures that do not suffer damping, despite being compatible with radiation in terms of their momentum. They have been raising significant attention for their intriguing topological features, and their opportunities in photonics to enhance light-matter interactions. In parallel, the coherent excitation of optical devices through the tailored interference of multiple beams has been explored as a way to enhance the degree of real-time control over their response. Here, we leverage the combination of these phenomena, and exploit the topological features of BICs in the presence of multiple input beams to enable full polarization control on the entire Poincaré sphere in a photonic crystal slab only supporting a symmetry-protected BIC, experimentally demonstrating highly efficient polarization conversion controlled in real time through the superposition of coherent excitations. Our findings open exciting opportunities for a variety of photonic and quantum optics applications, benefitting from extreme wave interactions and topological features around BICs combined with optical control through coherent interference of multiple excitations.
Synaptotagmin-13 orchestrates pancreatic endocrine cell egression and islet morphogenesis
Authors: Bakhti Mostafa , Bastidas-Ponce Aimée , Tritschler Sophie , Czarnecki Oliver , Tarquis-Medina Marta , Nedvedova Eva , Jaki Jessica , Willmann Stefanie J. , Scheibner Katharina , Cota Perla , Salinno Ciro , Boldt Karsten , Horn Nicola , Ueffing Marius , Burtscher Ingo , Theis Fabian J. , Coskun Ünal , Lickert Heiko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDuring pancreas development endocrine cells leave the ductal epithelium to form the islets of Langerhans, but the morphogenetic mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we identify the Ca2+-independent atypical Synaptotagmin-13 (Syt13) as a key regulator of endocrine cell egression and islet formation. We detect specific upregulation of theSyt13gene and encoded protein in endocrine precursors and the respective lineage during islet formation. The Syt13 protein is localized to the apical membrane of endocrine precursors and to the front domain of egressing endocrine cells, marking a previously unidentified apical-basal to front-rear repolarization during endocrine precursor cell egression. Knockout of Syt13 impairs endocrine cell egression and skews the α-to-β-cell ratio. Mechanistically, Syt13 is a vesicle trafficking protein, transported via the microtubule cytoskeleton, and interacts with phosphatidylinositol phospholipids for polarized localization. By internalizing a subset of plasma membrane proteins at the front domain, including α6β4 integrins, Syt13 modulates cell-matrix adhesion and allows efficient endocrine cell egression. Altogether, these findings uncover an unexpected role for Syt13 as a morphogenetic driver of endocrinogenesis and islet formation.