bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of temporary immersion system RITA® for efficient biomass multiplication and production of somatic seeds for ex situ conservation of Linnaea borealis L.
Authors: Kikowska Małgorzata Anna , Danek Kamil , Gornowicz_Porowska Justyna , Thiem Barbara 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Linnaea borealis L., belonging to the Linnaeaceae family, in some European countries including Poland, is a protected species. Phytochemical studies indicate the presence of pharmacologically important secondary metabolites, which may indicate undiscovered biological activity and untapped therapeutic potential of this species. Harvesting the raw material from natural sites is impossible due to the protection status of this glacial relict in many countries. The aim of the current work was to develop an efficient protocol of Linnaea borealis L. var. borealis shoot multiplication via the development of axillary buds in an agitated culture and a temporary immersion system as well as to establish the production of somatic seeds via alginate encapsulated nodes for short-time storage. The highest results of growth parameters were obtained for shoots agitated in a liquid medium enriched with cytokinin, auxin and gibberellin (18.26 ± 0.35 shoots per explant and 2184.95 ± 98.12% biomass increase, respectively). The growth of shoots in the RITA® bioreactor was highly efficient, especially when hormone supplementation in the medium was used, the amount of medium in the culture vessel was 100 or 150 ml, and the immersion time of the shoots was 1 or 2 min. The survival and recovery rates of L. borealis somatic seeds, regardless of encapsulation matrix used, subsequently decreased with the increased storage duration (from 100–60% at 4°C and from 100–54% at -18 ºC, respectively). This is the first report on twinflower shoot multiplication in a temporary-immersion system and somatic seeds production of this species.
Topological Insulator as an Efficient Catalyst for Oxidative Carbonylation of Amines
Authors: Hosono Hideo , Li Jiang , Wu Jia-Zhen , Park Sang-Won , Ye Tian-Nan , Lu Yangfan , Miyazaki Masayoshi , Yokoyama Toshiharu , Tada Tomofumi , Kitano Masaaki 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Topological materials have received much attention because of their intriguing nontrivial physical properties. Their robust topological surface states (TSSs) afford a stable electron bath that facilitates surface reactions, which has been successfully used to promote reactions on transition metals (TMs). As emergent heterogeneous catalysts, TSS-TMs have introduced new catalytic effects. However, the direct application of TSSs to catalysis has thus far remained elusive. In the present study, we show that Bi2Se3, one of the most representative topological insulators, functions as an excellent catalyst for the oxidative carbonylation of amines with CO and O2 to synthesize urea derivatives, showing superior activity compared with conventional TM-containing heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. For example, when Bi2Se3 nanoparticles were used as catalysts, the carbonylation of butylamine was completed in 4 h at 20 °C with a yield of 99%, whereas noble-metal-based catalysts do not function at such a low temperature. In addition, the turnover frequency (TOF) of Bi2Se3 (41 h−1) is five times greater than that for BiSe, which has a crystal structure similar to that of Bi2Se3 but with substantially weakened TSSs. Density functional theory calculations further reveal that the TSSs facilitate the activation of O2 through a triplet-to-singlet spin-conversion reaction, which is the key step for the generation of urea derivatives from amines. These findings indicate a new application area of topological insulators in heterogeneous catalysis.
Efficacy of cabazitaxel and androgen splicing variant-7 status in circulating tumor cells in Asian patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Authors: Ashizawa Takeshi , Nagata Masayoshi , Nakamura So , Hirano Hisashi , Nagaya Naoya , Lu Yan , Horie Shigeo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Androgen receptor splice variant-7(AR-V7) expression in circulating tumor cells(CTCs) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is associated with resistance to abiraterone and enzalutamide. We had objectives to determine whether cabazitaxel(CBZ) was equally effective in AR-V7 positive and negative CRPC, and if AR-V7 positive patients retained CBZ sensitivity.METHODS: This study was first-of-a-kind, Asian validation, prospective, open-label study: CBZ in Japanese mCRPC patients after docetaxel. 48 patients completed 4 CBZ cycles (recruited: 2017–2020, Juntendo University Hospitals). Primary endpoint was prostate-specific antigen response rate(PSA-RR), and secondary endpoints were overall survival(OS), Bone Scan Index[BSI]-change rate of bone metastases by bone scintigraphy, and safety assessments. PSA-RR(≥50% decline from baseline) for: CTC-/ARV7-, CTC+/ARV7-, CTC+/AR+ groups. RESULTS: PSA-RR shown ≥30% was 38%(18/48) and ≥50% was 26%(12/48). BSI-change rate shown ≥-30% was 19%(9/41) and ≥-50% was 17%(8/41). Median OS was 13.7(12.2–18.9) months. PSA decline in early CBZ treatment associated with OS(p=0.00173). BSI decline associated with OS(p=0.0194). PSA-RR(≥50%) was 21%(3/14) in CTC-/ARV7- group, 16%(4/25) in CTC+/ARV7- and 12%(1/8) in CTC+/ARV7+. No statically significant differences between groups. AR-V7 in CTCs at baseline not associated with OS. CONCLUSIONS: AR-V7 in CTCs was not associated with resistance to CBZ. BSI and PSA reducing responses in early CBZ may predict OS.
Learning tolerance specification of shaft part based on CNN-BiLSTM-CRF
Authors: Xiong Wei , LI Haolin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Determining reasonable tolerance patterns requires much knowledge and experience to balance the conflicting requirements. In previous studies, the process of tolerance specification has been based on the engineer’s experience and empirical data handed down from earlier projects. This paper proposes a learning model of tolerance specification of shaft part using deep learning architecture named CNN-BiLSTM-CRF, which is a combination of a Convolutional Neural Network, BiDirection Long Short-Term Memory network, and Conditional Random Field model. The CNN layer extracts the features from the CAD model; the Bi-LSTM layer composes the nonlinear relationship between tolerance specification and the features embedded by the CNN layer; the CRF layer predicts the tolerance sequence of the whole shaft part by jointly considering relations between neighbor tolerances. The proposed method directly takes the CAD model as the input and learns the tolerance specification from previous successful cases. Therefore, it does not require engineers to have any empirical knowledge.
Application of Infrared Thermography for Estimating Residual Stress in Ground Anchors for Maintenance
Authors: Min Dae-Hong , Jang Byeong-su , Yoon Hyung-Koo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Characterizing the integrity of ground anchors is essential for examining their usability in the maintenance of soil structure. However, the lift-off test, which is generally used for this purpose, has limitations when applied to covering all installed ground anchors. The objective of this study is to assess the possibility of using infrared thermography to measure the residual stress in ground anchors as a noncontact technique that bypasses the disadvantages associated with existing techniques. A preliminary experiment is performed to determine the exact emissivity of the tested materials. Both passive and active methods, as representative techniques in infrared thermography, are applied. In the large-scale experiment, infrared images of four installed strands with growing stress in the range of 0-400 kPa at 100 kPa intervals are used in the passive method of measurement. For the active method, these same stress ranges are applied to a heated anchor head using a UTM machine. The results of the passive method show that the temperature increased and decreased according to load and unload steps. Values for the cooling rate index are deduced through the active method results, and reliable behavior are observed at 10 and 15 min. The number of pixels also changed with the loading step in both passive and active methods. This study demonstrates that infrared thermography is a suitable alternative method for assessing the residual stress in ground anchors as a type of noncontact technique.
Estimation of epidemiological parameters and ascertainment rate from early transmission of COVID-19 across Africa
Authors: Han Qing , Bragazzi Nicola , Asgary Ali , Orbinski James , Wu Jianhong , Kong Jude Dzevela 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Country reported case counts suggested a slow spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa. However, due to inadequate public awareness, unestablished monitoring practices, limited testing, ineffective diagnosis, stigmas attached to being infected with SARS-CoV-2, self-medication, and the use of complementary/alternative medicine that are common among Africans for social, economic, and psychological reasons, there might exist extensive under-ascertainment and therefore an underestimation of the true number of cases, especially at the beginning of the novel epidemic. We developed a compartmentalized epidemiological model based on an augmented susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) model to track the early epidemics in 54 African countries. Data on the reported cumulative number of cases and daily confirmed cases were used to fit the model for the time period with no or little massive national interventions yet in each country. We estimated that the mean basic reproduction number is 2.02 (SD 0.7), with a range between 1.12 (Zambia) and 3.64 (Nigeria), whereas the mean basic reproduction number for observed cases was estimated to be 0.17 (SD 0.17), with a range between 0 (Sao Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles, Tanzania, South Sudan, Mozambique, Liberia, Togo) and 0.68 (South Africa). It was estimated that the mean overall report rate is 5.37% (SD 5.71%), with the highest 30.41% in Libya and the lowest 0.02% in Sao Tomé and Príncipe. An average of 5.46% (SD 6.4%) of all infected cases were severe cases and 66.74% (SD 17.28%) were asymptomatic ones, with Libya having the most (39.45%) fraction of severe cases and Togo the most (97.38%) fraction of asymptomatic cases. The estimated low reporting rates in Africa suggested a clear need for improved reporting and surveillance system in these countries.
Effects of different growth patterns of Tamarix chinensis on saline-alkali soil: Implications for coastal restoration and management
Authors: Gu Chen , Huang Weibin , Shao Qing , Shi Jiyan , Rui Jianliang , Yu Yanming , Lu Zhinai , Chen Yao , Chen Xiaojun , Dong Shudi , Ye Chenghua , Tuo Ya 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective: To better understand the wetland restoration, the physicochemical properties and microbial community in different compartments (rhizosphere and bulk soil) of the status of living and death T. chinensis covered soil zones were studied in a restored coastal tidal flat located on the Zhoushan island.Results: There were differences between growth conditions in the levels of soil pH, salinity, SOM, and nutrient. The living status of T. chinensis exhibited higher capacity of decreasing saline-alkali soil than the death condition of plants, and the living condition of T. chinensis showed higher uptake of N, P, and K as compared with the death samples. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Chloroflexi were the predominant bacterial communities as revealed via high-throughput sequencing. This study contributed to our understanding of halophyte growth on coastal phytoremediation, and guide theoretically for management of T. chinensis population.
Safety and Efficacy of Ayurveda compound formulations (Kantakaryavaleha and Eladi Gutika) in the management of Mild Stable Bronchial Asthma (Tamaka Shwasa): Result from a prospective, open-label, multicenter, single-arm feasibility clinical trial.
Authors: Singh Harbans , Babu G , Sharma BS , Khanduri Shruti , Prasad Anjali , Anumol K , Mahajon Bidhan , Rao BCS , Rana Rakesh , Tripathi Arunabh , Srika Narayanam 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Bronchial asthma (BA) is a significant health problem and harms the quality of life, and better healthcare strategies are still needed for BA. Therefore, the scope of complementary and traditional medicine therapies on this concern must be explored. Thus the present study aimed to determine the efficacy and the safety of Kantakaryavaleha and Eladi Gutika in mild, stable bronchial asthma
Method
This prospective, open-label, multicenter clinical feasibility trial executed at two different OPD under Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS). In this study, 83 diagnosed cases of mild stable BA, 18–60 years age, were evaluated to assess the efficacy and safety of Kantakaryavaleha and Eladi Gutika. Eladi Gutika 1 gm thrice daily and Kantakaryavaleha 20 ml twice daily with an equal quantity of water were administered for 84 days. Primary outcome measures were done by changes in Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) scores and frequency of need for control medication. The secondary outcome measures were assessed by changes in FEV1, serum CRP, serum IgE, frequency of need for rescue medication, and any adverse events.
Results
Significant (p < 0.05) improvement was observed in clinical features viz. paroxysm of breathlessness, wheezing, cough, expectoration of sputum, tightness in the chest, skin allergy, worsening of breathlessness at night, awakening in the night. In Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) score and FEV1 parameters also, significant (p < 0.05) changes were observed. In this present study no need for rescue medication, and no adverse events were observed.
Conclusions
Kantakaryavaleha and Eladi Gutika are effective and safe in managing mild, stable bronchial asthma. A multicentric, double-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) may be planned with a more extended follow-up period to aid in the present findings.
Trial registration:
The clinical trial has been registered in the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2018/06/014425) /http://ctri.nic.in.
Evaluating the Effects of Supplementing Ward Nurses on Quality of Newborn Care in Kenyan Neonatal Units: Protocol for a Prospective Workforce Intervention Study
Authors: IMAM ABDULAZEEZ , Gathara David , Aluvaala Jalemba , Maina Michuki , English Mike 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction : Data from High Income Countries have now linked low nurse staff to patient ratios to poor quality patient care. Adequately staffing hospitals is however still a challenge in resource-constrained Low-middle income countries (LMICs) and poor staff-to-patient ratios are largely taken as a norm. This in part relates to limited evidence on the relationship between staffing and quality of patient care in these settings and also an absence of research on benefits that might occur from improving hospital staff numbers in LMICs. This study will determine the effect on the quality of patient care of prospectively adding extra nursing staff to newborn units in a resource constrained LMIC setting and describe the relationship between staffing and quality of care. Methods and Analysis: This prospective workforce intervention study will involve a multi-method approach. We will conduct a before and after study in newborn units of 4 intervention hospitals and a single time-point comparison in 4 non-intervention hospitals to determine if there is a change in the level of missed nursing care, a process measure of the quality of patient care. We will also determine the effect of our intervention on routinely collected quality indicators using interrupted time series analysis. Using three nurse staffing metrics (Total nursing hours, nursing hours per patient day and nursing hours per patient per shift), we will describe the relationship between staffing and the quality of patient care. Discussion: There is an urgent need for the implementation of staffing policies in resource constrained LMICs that are guided by relevant contextual data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the prospective addition of nursing staff in resource-constrained care settings. Our findings are likely to provide the much-needed evidence for better staffing in these settings. Trial registration: This study was retrospectively registered in the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/Default.aspx?Logout=True) database on the 10th of June 2022 with a unique identification number -PACTR202206477083141.
An exploratory study on the design of an integrated healthcare organization structure from the demand side perspective of health services
Authors: Wang Bing , Gao Li , Yang Xiaohong , Pan Yongliang , Feng Wenming , Pei Xuedan , Fan Yanfang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
China has entered a severely aging society, and the elderly have an increasing demand for health care. The current medical policy can no longer meet the growing demand for health services for the elderly.
Objective
To analyze the unmet needs of the elderly in Chinese communities, and put forward a plan from the perspective of health service demand side to make full use of health service resources and ensure the balance between the supply and demand of health service.
Methods
A questionnaire survey was conducted to analyze the unmet needs of 1527 elderly people in N district of H city, Zhejiang province, China.
Results
The unmet health needs of the elderly in this community were mainly related to chronic diseases, and the top three diseases in terms of chronic disease prevalence were hypertension (40.2%), dyslipidemia (8.4%), and diabetes (7.0%).
Conclusions
We propose that in the context of integrated medical policy, chronic disease management of the elderly in the community should break the concept of the original three-level medical system hierarchy and build an integrated chronic disease service system with general practitioners as the core.
Zero-Augmentation Pseudo Entropy for Video Unsupervised Domain Adaptation
Authors: Chen Zhi , Fan Zijun , Li Yongjie , Lin Shan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This work focuses on the problem of video unsupervised domain adaptation (VUDA) for the task of human action recognition. Although there exist some methods for VUDA, however, most current methods exhibit ambient light bias. Transferring models from light environment to the dark will lead to a decline in performance due to inevitable domain shift. Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) methods are able to alleviate the performance decline by aligning source and target domains utilizing methods such as adversarial training. However, these methods do not enhance images for the dark environment, leading to the loss of information and weak contribution to model performance in the dark environment. In this work, we enhance images by specific approach as an auxiliary task for VUDA in addition to unsupervised adver-sarial alignment as our proposed method, Zero-Augmentation Pseudo Entropy (Z-APE). We test our method on the HMDB-ARID datasets and empirically show that our VUDA method improves the performance by average 6.3% compared to other typical VUDA baseline models.
A model for ribosome translocation based on the alternated displacement of its subunits
Authors: González-García José S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A meaningful dilemma in ribosome translocation arising from experimental facts is that, although the ribosome-mRNA interaction force always has a significant magnitude, the ribosome still moves to the next codon on the mRNA. How does the ribosome manage to move to the next codon in the sequence while holding the mRNA tightly? The hypothesis proposed here is that ribosome subunits alternate the grip of the ribosome on the mRNA to allow the other subunit to be free of such interaction for a while, thus moving to the following codon in the chain. Based on this assumption, a single-loop cycle of ribosome configurations involving the relative position of its subunits is elaborated and, when its dynamics is modeled as a Markov network, gives expressions for the average ribosome translocation speed and stall force as functions of the equilibrium constants among the ribosome configurations. The calculations show a reasonable agreement with experimental results, and the succession of molecular events considered here is consistent with current biomolecular concepts of the ribosome translocation process. The above shows the feasibility of the alternated displacements hypothesis proposed in this work to explain ribosome translocation.
Extracts from Argentinian native plants reverse fluconazole resistance in Candida species by inhibiting the efflux transporters Mdr1 and Cdr1
Authors: Gil Florimar , Laiolo Jerónimo , Bayona-Pacheco Brayan , Cannon Richard D. , Ferreira-Pereira Antonio , Carpinella María Cecilia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: The development of multidrug resistance (MDR) associated with the overexpression of the efflux transporters Mdr1 and Cdr1 in Candida species impedes antifungal therapies. The urgent need for novel agents able to inhibit the function of both pumps, led us to evaluate this property in 137 extracts obtained from Argentinian plants. Methods: The ability of the extracts to reverse efflux pump-mediated MDR was determined with an agar chemosensitization assay using fluconazole (FCZ) resistant Mdr1- and Cdr1-overexpressing clinical isolates of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata as well as Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains selectively expressing Mdr1 (AD/CaMDR1) or Cdr1 (AD/CaCDR1). The resistance-reversing activity of the most potent extracts was further confirmed using a Nile Red accumulation assay. Results: Fifteen plant extracts overcame the FCZ resistance of Candida albicans 1114, which overexpresses CaMdr1 and CaCdr1, and AD/CaMDR1, with those from Acalypha communis and Solanum atriplicifolium being the most effective showing 4- to 16-fold reversal of resistance at concentrations ≥ 25 µg/mL. Both extracts, and to a lesser extent that from Pterocaulon alopecuroides, also restored FCZ sensitivity in CgCdr1-overexpressing C. glabrata 109 and in AD/CaCDR1 with fold reversal values ranging from 4 to 32 and therefore demonstrating a dual effect against Mdr1 and Cdr1. Both, A. communis and S. atriplicifolium extracts at concentrations ≥ 12.5 and ≥ 25 µg/mL, respectively, increased the intracellular Nile Red accumulation in all yeast strains overexpressing efflux pumps. Conclusions: The non-toxic and highly active extracts from A. communis and S. atripicifolium, provide promising sources of compounds for potentiating the antifungal effect of FCZ by blocking the efflux function of Mdr1 and Cdr1 transporters.