bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family theorizing for social justice: A critical praxis
Authors: Allen Katherine R. , Henderson Angela C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough families are subject to multiple social stratifications and systemic injustices, family science was built upon foundational ideas that theorized a unitary, normative structure of family life. Increasing social and political awareness has brought a new urgency to theorize about and study how families actually live, with a need for critical theories to explain and understand the multiplicity and reality of family experiences. We examine new theoretical possibilities among a selection of seven family theories, including four foundational theories in the family science canon (symbolic interactionist theory, functionalist theory, life course theory, and family stress and resilience theory), and three critical theories that are rising in potential and prominence (intersectional feminist theory, critical race theory, and queer theory). We address the ways in which new forms of critical family theorizing—including the redemption of older foundational theories—are needed to account for macro‐level issues of antiracism and social justice, thereby offering innovative possibilities for generating explanations about diverse family structures, processes, and contexts. Critical praxis—turning theory into action—can fuel transformative social justice work, including antiracist activism that makes a difference in the lives of the families we study and with whom we live.
Treatment and outcome of autoimmune hepatitis: Audit of 28 UK centres
Authors: Gordon Victoria , Adhikary Ratul , Appleby Victoria , Das Debasish , Day James , Delahooke Toby , Dixon Selena , Elphick David , Hardie Claire , Heneghan Michael A. , Hoeroldt Barbara , Hooper Patricia , Hutchinson John , Jones Rebecca , Khan Faisal , Aithal Guruprasad P. , Metcalf Jane , Nkhoma Alick , Pelitari Stavroula , Prince Martin , Prosser Annell , Sathyanarayana Vinay , Saksena Sushma , Vani Deven , Yeoman Andrew , Abouda George , Nelson Andrew , Gleeson Dermot ,   UK Multi‐Centre AIH Audit Group
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundWith few data regarding treatment and outcome of patients with AIH outside of large centres we present such a study of patients with AIH in 28 UK hospitals of varying size and facilities.MethodsPatients with AIH were identified in 14 University and 14 District General hospitals; incident cases during 2007–2015 and prevalent cases, presenting 2000–2015. Treatment and outcomes were analysed.ResultsIn 1267 patients with AIH, followed up for 3.8 (0–15) years, 5‐ and 10‐year death/transplant rates were 7.1 ± 0.8% and 10.1 ± 1.3% (all‐cause) and 4.0 ± 0.6% and 5.9 ± 1% (liver related) respectively. Baseline parameters independently associated with death/transplantation for all causes were: older age, vascular/respiratory co‐morbidity, cirrhosis, decompensation, platelet count, attending transplant centre and for liver related: the last four of these and peak bilirubin. All‐cause and liver‐related death/transplantation was independently associated with: non‐treatment with corticosteroids, non‐treatment with a steroid‐sparing agent (SSA), non‐treatment of asymptomatic or non‐cirrhotic patients and initial dose of Prednisolone >35 mg/0.5 mg/kg/day (all‐cause only), but not with type of steroid (Prednisolone vs. Budesonide) or steroid duration beyond 12 months. Subsequent all‐cause and liver‐death/transplant rates showed independent associations with smaller percentage fall in serum ALT after 1 and 3 months, but not with failure to normalise levels over 12 months.ConclusionsWe observed higher death/transplant rates in patients with AIH who were untreated with steroids (including asymptomatic or non‐cirrhotic subgroups), those receiving higher Prednisolone doses and those who did not receive an SSA. Similar death/transplant rates were seen in those receiving Prednisolone or Budesonide, those continuing steroids after 12 months and patients attaining normal ALT within 12 months versus not.
Myelin‐oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated optic neuritis following SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia: A case report
Authors: Mitarnun Witoon , Naksanguan Theerawat , Laoharattanahirun Nutchaya , Roekrat Patarasaya , Kimavaha Suphakarn , Kajornrith Warut 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe report a case of a 60‐year‐old man with optic neuritis following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pneumonia. He tested positive for serum myelin‐oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG antibody and was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone (1 g/d) for 5 days followed by oral prednisolone taper. Six weeks after treatment, his symptoms resolved.
Effects of reverse headgear therapy on mandibular trabecular structure: A fractal analysis study
Authors: Arslan Semiha , Korkmaz Yasemin Nur , Buyuk S. Kutalmış , Tekin Berat 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the effects of reverse headgear (RHG) treatment combined with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on the trabecular structure of the mandibula using fractal dimension (FD) analysis.MethodsForty‐four individuals with skeletal Class III malocclusion were selected from the archives and divided into two groups as patients who underwent treatment with RME + RHG (RHG‐G, 22 patients) and untreated control group (C‐G, 22 patients). The before (T0) and after (T1) treatment lateral cephalometric and panoramic radiographs were collected in the RHG‐G and in the control group, radiographs obtained with similar time intervals were grouped as T0 and T1. Cephalometric and FD analysis was conducted on T0 and T1 lateral cephalometric and panoramic radiographs. The intragroup comparison of cephalometric and FD data was performed using paired t test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test, while independent t test and Mann‐Whitney U test were used for intergroup comparison.ResultsC‐G had higher FD values in the right mandibular corpus and left mandibular ramus values at T0 (P < .05). The only significant difference in the intragroup comparisons was detected in the FD values of the right mandibular corpus in the C‐G (P < .05). No significant differences were found in the FD between the groups in any of the areas measured (P > .05).ConclusionsRME + RHG therapy did not cause any significant trabecular changes in the mandibula when compared to the control group.
Craniofacial characteristics in Van der Woude syndrome
Authors: Estévez‐Arroyo Blanca , Gómez‐Mendo Ignacio , Romero‐Maroto Martín , Solano‐Reina Enrique , Iglesias‐Linares Alejandro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo describe the particular craniofacial characteristics of Van der Woude syndrome(VWS) patients compared to patients with a non‐syndromic cleft (CG1) and to a malocclusive healthy population (CG2).Material and methodsRetrospective case‐control study. A sample of 110 matched‐patients was recruited (VWS (n = 7), CG1 (n = 49), CG2 (n = 49)). Subsequently, 37 radiometric variables were analysed and the dental‐skeletal ages were determined. The intra/inter‐observer method errors were quantified. Descriptive statistics were computed, and different inferential analysis tests were used depending on the normality of the data (Chi‐square test, Fisher's exact test, paired Student's T‐test, Mann–Whitney U test) (p‐value < 0.05). Pairwise comparisons were corrected by Bonferroni's criteria.ResultsVW‐patients presented specific craniofacial characteristics and morphology. A marked tendency to the vertical growth pattern was found in VW‐patients compared to CG1‐CG2 (p < 0.001); at the sagittal level, skeletal class II caused by mandibular retrognathism, with a greatly increased ANB angle compared to CG1 (p = 0.042). Dental analysis showed that the lower incisor was more retruded and retroclined (p < 0.05 in all cases) and the interincisal angulation was increased (p < 0.001 (CG2)). At the profile level, an open nasolabial angle (p = 0.040; CG1) and a more protruding lower lip with respect to the Sn‐Pg plane (p = 0.040 (CG1); p = 0.044 (CG2)) were observed.ConclusionsVW‐patients present particular characteristics in the facial skeletal structures. There is a critical necessity to increase the evidence regarding specific clinical features and orofacial pathology of rare diseases such as VWS, which will help to these minorities to gain access in the future to a better quality of care with precise treatment and diagnostic necessities.
Fiscal competition and state pension reforms
Authors: Hoang Trang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFiscal competition literature emphasizes the need to consider fiscal implications of the flow of labor and capital across jurisdictional boundaries. This open‐economy consideration raises issues for the analysis of fiscal policies, ranging from taxation and expenditure policies to the structure of intergovernmental relations and interjurisdictional competition. Using data on state population movement and pension reforms (2002−2015), this study examines whether the adoption of pension reforms was motivated by state government competition for the mobile tax base. The findings suggest that interstate migration has an influence on states’ enactment of pension reform, and the effect differs by state population density.
Growth and Biochemical Responses of Green and Red Perilla Supplementally Subjected to UV‐A and Deep‐blue LED Lights
Authors: Nguyen Loan T. K. , Oh Myung‐Min 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of UV‐A and UV‐A‐closed visible light (deep‐blue [DB]) on the growth and bioactive compound accumulation of green and red perilla. Four‐week‐old seedlings were cultivated in an environment control room under visible light with red, blue and white LEDs for 4 weeks and then were continuously grown under supplemental UV‐A (365 nm and 385 nm) and DB (415 nm and 430 nm) lights for 7 days. UV‐A and DB treatments did not enhance the growth characteristics of green perilla compared with the control; while these treatments enhanced the growth parameters of red perilla, and the values were highest in DB 415 nm. The photosynthesis rate of both cultivars showed similar trends as the growth results of each cultivar. The electron transport rate and maximum quantum yield of both cultivars were reduced under UV‐A 365 nm, while these values were maintained in DB treatments. In both cultivars, total phenolic, antioxidant capacity, rosmarinic and caffeic acids and perillaldehyde levels were enhanced in DB treatments, whereas UV‐A 365 nm and DB 415 nm increased the total anthocyanin content. Overall, supplemental DB 415 nm and 430 nm was suitable for improving the growth and biochemical accumulation of both perilla cultivars.
Intrusions of sediment laden rivers into density stratified water columns could be an unrecognized source of mixing in many lakes and coastal oceans
Authors: Lu George , Wells Mathew , van Strygen Ian , Hecky Robert. E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhen a sediment laden river flows into a stratified water body, the water mass can either intrude as an overflow, interflow or underflow, depending upon the density contrast. Different modes of sediment driven convection occur in each case. For the case of overflows, convective sedimentation occurs beneath the plume, whereby sediment rich plumes rapidly transport fine materials to depth. If underflow of dense sediment laden waters initially occurs, then after sediment has been deposited, the light interstitial material can subsequently loft and potentially mixes the entire water column. For an interflow, both lofting and sediment driven convection can occur above and below the pycnocline. All of these different regimes can be described in terms of two dimensionless parameters: namely RS = ΔρS/ΔρC and RA = ΔρA/ΔρC, where ΔρA is the density contrast between the upper layer and the river inflow (due to just salinity or temperature differences), ΔρC is the density contrast due to sediment between river and upper‐layer, and ΔρS is the density contrast between upper and lower layers (due to just salinity or temperature differences). Laboratory experiments were used to describe the vigour of convection in terms of these dimensionless parameters, which then allows behaviour of various inflows to be predicted. In most cases the convective velocities observed were an order of magnitude faster than Stokes settling velocities. These observations are also applied to predict how a turbidity current could lead to lofting and possible overturn of the stratification of Lake Kivu, a large meromictic lake between Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Cytarabine‐induced TNFα promotes the expansion and suppressive functions of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Bai Hua , Peng Yuhui , Li Yi , Duan Juanjuan , Fu Wenli , Liang Xinming , Yu Wenfeng , Zhang Qifang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAcute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is very common haematopoietic malignancies with poor prognosis. Chemotherapy is still a mainstay therapy for AML patients. AML microenvironment plays critical roles in therapy response. However, the role of chemotherapy in AML microenvironment is poorly understood. In this study, we report that cytarabine (AraC)‐triggered TNFα from AML cells expanded myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and enhanced MDSC functions and survival through activating IL‐6/STAT3 and NFκB pathways. Blockade of TNFα in conditioned medium‐derived AraC‐treated AML cells (AraC_CM) impaired MDSC expansion and functions, reduced IL‐6 secretion and the level of activated STAT3. Inhibiting IL6 or STAT3 abrogated AraC_CM‐mediated MDSC suppressive function. Additionally, inhibiting TNFα also impaired AraC_CM‐mediated NFκB activation. Blocking NFκB activation reduced MDSC viability induced by AraC_CM. Together, these results provided a role of AraC‐induced TNFα in MDSC expansion and functions and suggest that targeting TNFα may benefit AML patients to current anticancer strategies by blocking MDSC‐mediated immunosuppression.
A cofinancing model for disability insurance and local government employers
Authors: Hagen Johannes , Malmberg Hannes 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEmployer cofinancing in disability insurance (DI) systems aims to reduce the inflow to DI by making employers internalise their DI costs. We evaluate a cofinancing system for the local government sector in Sweden inspired by the literature on yardstick competition. In the system, local governments are responsible for the DI of their employees, while being compensated by the central government for their expected DI payments. The arrangement essentially eliminates the large fiscal externalities associated with DI. Also, the arrangement can be implemented within current administrative setups, and the design credibly ensures that no extra costs are imposed on the local government sector in the aggregate. Drawing on Swedish employer‐employee matched data, we show that the net transfers implied by the scheme are quite large as a share of DI payments, but sufficiently small as a share of tax payments to not be onerous, and that they only marginally increase regional inequality.
Sweep Effects on Fan–Intake Aerodynamics at High Angle of Attack
Authors: Mohankumar Ben , Hall Cesare A. , Wilson Mark J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sweep in a transonic fan is conventionally used to reduce design point losses by inclining the passage shock relative to the incoming flow. However, future low pressure ratio fans operate to lower Mach numbers meaning the role of sweep at cruise is diminished. Instead, sweep might be repurposed to improve the performance of critical high Mach number off-design conditions such as high angle of attack (AOA). In this article, we use unsteady computational fluid dynamics to compare two transonic low pressure ratio fans, one radially stacked and one highly swept, coupled to a short intake design, at the high AOA flight condition. The AOA considered is 35 deg, which is sufficient to separate the intake bottom lip. The midspan of the swept fan was shifted upstream to add positive sweep to the outer span. Based on previous design experience, it was hypothesized that the swept fan would reduce transonic losses when operating at high AOA. However, it was found that the swept fan increased the rotor loss by 24% relative to the radial fan. Loss was increased through two key mechanisms. (i) Rotor choking: flow is redistributed around the intake separation and enters the rotor midspan with high Mach numbers. Sweeping the fan upstream reduced the effective intake length, which increased the inlet relative Mach number and amplified choking losses. (ii): Rotor-separation interaction (RSI): the rotor tip experiences low mass flow inside the separation, which increases the pressure rise across the casing to a point where the casing boundary layer separates. The swept fan diffused the casing streamtube, causing the casing separation to increase in size and persist in the passage for longer. High RSI loss indicated that the swept fan was operating closer to the rotating stall point.
A Detailed Loss Analysis Methodology for Centrifugal Compressors
Authors: Zhang Luying , Kritioti Loukia , Wang Peng , Zhang Jiangnan , Zangeneh Mehrdad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A deep understanding of loss mechanisms inside a turbomachine is crucial for the design and analysis work. By quantifying the various losses generated from different flow mechanisms, a targeted optimization can be carried out on the blading design. In this paper, an evaluation method for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations has been developed to quantify the loss generation based on entropy production in the flow field. A breakdown of losses caused by different mechanisms (such as skin friction, secondary flow, tip clearance vortex, and shock waves) is achieved by separating the flow field into different zones. Each zone is defined by the flow physics rather than by geometrical locations or empirical correlations, which makes the method a more general approach and applicable to different machine types. The method has been applied to both subsonic and transonic centrifugal compressors, where internal flow is complex due to the Coriolis acceleration and the curvature effect. An evaluation of loss decomposition is obtained at various operational conditions. The impact of design modification is also assessed by applying the same analysis to an optimized design.
Anthocyanin-Rich Blackcurrant Extract Preserves Gastrointestinal Barrier Permeability and Reduces Enterocyte Damage but Has No Effect on Microbial Translocation and Inflammation After Exertional Heat Stress
Authors: Lee Ben J. , Flood Tessa R. , Hiles Ania M. , Walker Ella F. , Wheeler Lucy E.V. , Ashdown Kimberly M. , Willems Mark E.T. , Costello Rianne , Greisler Luke D. , Romano Phebe A. , Hill Garrett W. , Kuennen Matthew R. 
Published: March 2022

This study investigated the effects of 7 days of 600 mg/day anthocyanin-rich blackcurrant extract intake on small intestinal permeability, enterocyte damage, microbial translocation, and inflammation following exertional heat stress. Twelve recreationally active men (maximal aerobic capacity = 55.6 ± 6.0 ml·kg−1·min−1) ran (70% VO2max) for 60 min in an environmental chamber (34 °C, 40% relative humidity) on two occasions (placebo/blackcurrant, randomized double-blind crossover). Permeability was assessed from a 4-hr urinary excretion of lactulose and rhamnose and expressed as a ratio of lactulose/rhamnose. Venous blood samples were taken at rest and 20, 60, and 240 min after exercise to measure enterocyte damage (intestinal fatty acid-binding protein); microbial translocation (soluble CD14, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein); and interleukins 6, interleukins 10, and interleukins 1 receptor antagonist. Exercise increased rectal temperature (by ∼2.8 °C) and heart rate (by ∼123 beats/min) in each condition. Blackcurrant supplementation led to a ∼12% reduction in lactulose/rhamnose ratio (p < .0034) and enterocyte damage (∼40% reduction in intestinal fatty acid-binding protein area under the curve; p < .0001) relative to placebo. No between-condition differences were observed immediately after exercise for lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (mean, 95% confidence interval [CI]; +80%, 95% CI [+61%, +99%]); soluble CD14 (+37%, 95% CI [+22%, +51%]); interleukins 6 (+494%, 95% CI [+394%, +690%]); interleukins 10 (+288%, 95% CI [+105%, +470%]); or interleukins 1 receptor antagonist (+47%, 95% CI [+13%, +80%]; all time main effects). No between-condition differences for these markers were observed after 60 or 240 min of recovery. Blackcurrant extract preserves the GI barrier; however, at subclinical levels, this had no effect on microbial translocation and downstream inflammatory processes.
Contribution of NOTCH1 genetic variants to bicuspid aortic valve and other congenital lesions
Authors: Debiec Radoslaw Marek , Hamby Stephen E , Jones Peter D , Safwan Kassem , Sosin Michael , Hetherington Simon Lee , Sprigings David , Sharman David , Lee Kelvin , Salahshouri Pegah , Wheeldon Nigel , Chukwuemeka Andrew , Boutziouka Vasiliki , Elamin Mohamed , Coolman Sue , Asiani Manish , Kharodia Shireen , Skinner Gregory J , Samani Nilesh J , Webb Tom R , Bolger Aidan P 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionBicuspid aortic valve (BAV) affects 1% of the general population. NOTCH1 was the first gene associated with BAV. The proportion of familial and sporadic BAV disease attributed to NOTCH1 mutations has not been estimated.AimThe aim of our study was to provide an estimate of familial and sporadic BAV disease attributable to NOTCH1 mutations.MethodsThe population of our study consisted of participants of the University of Leicester Bicuspid aoRtic vAlVe gEnetic research—8 pedigrees with multiple affected family members and 381 sporadic patients. All subjects underwent NOTCH1 sequencing. A systematic literature search was performed in the NCBI PubMed database to identify publications reporting NOTCH1 sequencing in context of congenital heart disease.ResultsNOTCH1 sequencing in 36 subjects from 8 pedigrees identified one variant c.873C>G/p.Tyr291* meeting the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics criteria for pathogenicity. No pathogenic or likely pathogenic NOTCH1 variants were identified in 381 sporadic patients. Literature review identified 64 relevant publication reporting NOTCH1 sequencing in 528 pedigrees and 9449 sporadic subjects. After excluding families with syndromic disease pathogenic and likely pathogenic NOTCH1 variants were detected in 9/435 (2.1%; 95% CI: 0.7% to 3.4%) of pedigrees and between 0.05% (95% CI: 0.005% to 0.10%) and 0.08% (95% CI: 0.02% to 0.13%) of sporadic patients. Incomplete penetrance of definitely pathogenic NOTCH1 mutations was observed in almost half of reported pedigrees.ConclusionsPathogenic and likely pathogenic NOTCH1 genetic variants explain 2% of familial and <0.1% of sporadic BAV disease and are more likely to associate with tetralogy of Fallot and hypoplastic left heart.