bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Review of Experimental Models of Stress: Pragmatic Insight Into Psychoneuroimmunology
Authors: Nisha Ashmun , Shamim Arshiya , Rizvi Aleza , Mahmood Tarique , Goswami Bhagyashree , Ahsan Farogh , Sharique Mohd , Parveen Saba 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPsychoneuroimmunology is a scientific discipline exploring the interconnectedness of the nervous system, emotion state, and immune system. The current review examines the distinct mechanisms through which the mind and body interact when subjected to stress. Manifestations of psychoneuroimmunological stress encompass symptoms such as depression, aggression, fear, and social withdrawal, which can exert a profound impact on physiological well‐being. Some observations suggest that humans and nonhuman animals exhibit similar stress‐related symptoms, aiding in the identification of pharmacological pathways and potential clinical implications of therapeutic interventions. Animal stress models are predicated on varying approaches aimed at eliciting a motivational state to navigate and confront aversive circumstances. The current review describes the diverse stress induction models that have been investigated internationally, incorporating an ethological perspective that involves evaluating innate and unpunished behaviors through methodologies like the elevated plus maze, elevated zero maze, light‐dark box, and open field test. Additionally, conditioned operant conflict tests, such as the Vogel conflict test, fall under the purview of learning and punishment models. This category encompasses classic conditioning models like fear conditioning, psychosocial models such as social defeat, and physical and chronic unpredictable stress paradigms. In this review, we critically evaluate existing cognitive and behavioral frameworks underpinning the development and perpetuation of stress‐related disorders, while also elucidating the impact of immune system responses on the mental and physical health of animals. The primary objective of this review is to elucidate the array of animal models employed in previous research and the testing protocols used to assess animal performance in stress induction scenarios, with the ultimate aim of reducing mortality rates among research animals.
Mendelian Randomization and Colocalization Analysis Reveal New Drug Targets for Oral Ulcer: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Fan Hui , Zhang Xiaoguang , Wang Yanni , Chen Guozhong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsOral ulcer (OU) is a complex issue with limited effective treatments. This study uses multi‐omics data through summary Mendelian randomization (SMR) and colocalization analysis to identify specific gene associations with OU, aiming to find new therapeutic targets, repurpose existing drugs, and develop new treatment options.MethodsOur study consists of two phases: first, extracting data from Genome‐Wide Association Studies and using blood mQTL, eQTL, and pQTL data as exposure factors, then integrating these with OU gene data through SMR analysis. Then, we validate the results with UK Biobank data and perform colocalization analysis to confirm shared genetic variants.ResultsGenetically predicted levels of four circulating proteins are associated with OU. Under strong supportive evidence from mQTL, eQTL, and pQTL, genetically predicted levels of NFKB1 are negatively correlated with the risk of OU. With moderate supportive evidence from mQTL and pQTL, genetically predicted levels of FAIM3 are negatively correlated with the risk of OU. Meanwhile, under low supportive evidence from eQTL and pQTL, higher genetically predicted levels of JUND and lower levels of IL12β are associated with a higher risk of OU.ConclusionSMR approach employed in this study has pinpointed several proteins with tangible associations to the risk of OU. NFKB1, FAIM3, JUND, and IL12β stand out as promising therapeutic targets for OU, beckoning further exploration and research.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) Use: A Cross‐Sectional Study of PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study
Authors: Roudgar Sepide , Joukar Farahnaz , Mojtahedi Kourosh , Maroufizadeh Saman , Naghipour Mohammadreza , Mansour‐Ghanaei Fariborz 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are used extensively in the treatment of patients with upper gastrointestinal disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of PPI consumption and related factors in the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (PERSIAN) Guilan Cohort study (PGCS) population.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study form the PGCS, and investigated 10,520 participants for PPI consumption, which were divided into two groups: users and nonusers. Demographical data, clinical characteristics, and PPI types were recorded. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and GraphPad Prism version 9, and a significance level of 0.05 was considered.ResultsThe prevalence of PPI use in the overall participants was 4.8%, and it was higher in females compared to males (6.1% vs. 3.3%). According to the regression analysis, being in the overweight category was associated with a 26% lower likelihood of PPI use (p = 0.021). Low physical activity was linked to a 1.72‐fold higher odds of PPI consumption (p < 0.001). Individuals with reflux, multiple underlying diseases, and the use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) had significantly higher odds ratios for PPI consumption (p < 0.001).ConclusionThis study highlights the concerning trend of increasing PPI use and identifies low physical activity, reflux, multiple underlying diseases, and NSAID use associated with higher risk of PPI use. It emphasizes the need for caution in prescribing PPIs and raising awareness among both healthcare providers and patients about the potential risks and side effects.
Discordance in crown‐rump length and nuchal translucency thickness in the prediction of adverse outcomes among monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies: A single‐center retrospective cohort study from Vietnam
Authors: Tran Thi Thuy Phuong , Trinh Nhut Thu Huong , Dang Minh Doan , Ho Nguyen Thi Hong Cuc , Nguyen Phuc Nhon 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the usefulness of first‐trimester crown‐rump length (CRL) and nuchal translucency (NT) thickness discordance in predicting adverse outcomes in monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study enrolled MCDA twin pregnancies in which CRL and NT were measured at 11–13+6 weeks of pregnancy and collected for pregnancy outcomes between January 2022 and June 2023 at Tu Du Hospital in Vietnam. The intertwin discrepancy of CRL and NT was calculated as a percentage of the larger fetuses and smaller fetuses. Regression analysis was used to determine the significance of the association between the intertwin discordance in NT and CRL and the development of twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), fetal growth restriction (FGR), intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD), and those with normal outcomes. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to evaluate the performance of inter‐twin discrepancy in the prediction of FGR, TTTS, and IUFD.ResultsA total of 294 MCDA twin pregnancies were studied. Among them, 149 cases (50.7%) had at least one adverse outcome. The complications included TTTS in 82 cases (55.0%), FGR in 89 cases (59.7%), one IUFD in 95 cases (63.8%), and two IUFDs in 19 cases (12.8%). CRL discordance greater than 10.0% and NT discordance greater than 20.0% were not related to TTTS and IUFD, only to FGR. A CRL discordance greater than 20.0% decreased the survival rate of fetuses. CRL discordance greater than 10.0% had specificity in diagnosing TTTS, IUFD, and FGR of more than 80%, whereas, NT discordance greater than 20.0% had specificity in detecting these complications of more than 50.0%. A predictive model including CRL and NT discordance showed a poor value with area under the curve of:0.69 (95% confidence interval 0.69–0.75).ConclusionIn MCDA twin pregnancies, discordant CRL greater than 10.0% was related to FGR. Meanwhile, an intertwin discordance of NT thickness greater than 20.0% was not related to TTTS, FGR, and IUFD. However, adequate surveillance is still required.
Memories of Parental Rejection in Childhood and Current Psychological Maladjustment Predict Men's Problems Recognising Facial Expressions of Emotion
Authors: Butt Muhammad Mussaffa , Melendez‐Rhodes Tatiana , Rohner Ronald P. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigated whether men's memories of parental rejection in childhood affect their ability to recognise facial expressions of six basic emotions, possibly mediated by their current psychological maladjustment. Participants, including 350 men (Mage = 28.29, SD = 5.69) responded to the mother and father short forms of the Adult Parental Acceptance‐Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ) and the Adult Personality Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ). They also completed the Facially Expressed Emotion Labelling Test. Results showed that the more rejected the men felt they had been in childhood by their mothers and fathers, and the more psychologically maladjusted they reported themselves to be at the current time, the more difficulty they had correctly identifying facial expressions of emotion. Further, results indicated that perceived maternal and paternal rejection, and psychological maladjustment, each predicted significant variations in the ability of men to recognise different facial expressions of emotion and predicted longer average reaction times to recognise facial expressions of emotions.
Linking dietary fiber to human malady through cumulative profiling of microbiota disturbance
Authors: Zhang Xin , Liu Huan , Li Yu , Wen Yanlong , Xu Tianxin , Chen Chen , Hao Shuxia , Hu Jielun , Nie Shaoping , Gao Fei , Jia Gengjie 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDietary fiber influences the composition and metabolic activity of microbial communities, impacting disease development. Current understanding of the intricate fiber‐microbe‐disease tripartite relationship remains fragmented and elusive, urging a systematic investigation. Here, we focused on microbiota disturbance as a robust index to mitigate various confounding factors and developed the Bio‐taxonomic Hierarchy Weighted Aggregation (BHWA) algorithm to integrate multi‐taxonomy microbiota disturbance data, thereby illuminating the complex relationships among dietary fiber, microbiota, and disease. By leveraging microbiota disturbance similarities, we (1) classified 32 types of dietary fibers into six functional subgroups, revealing correlations with fiber solubility; (2) established associations among 161 diseases, uncovering shared microbiota disturbance patterns that explain disease co‐occurrence (e.g., type II diabetes and kidney diseases) and distinct microbiota patterns that discern symptomatically similar diseases (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome); (3) designed a body‐site‐specific microbiota disturbance scoring scheme, computing a disturbance score (DS) for each disease and highlighting the pronounced capacity of Crohn's disease to disturb gut microbiota (DS = 14.01) in contrast with food allergy's minimal capacity (DS = 0.74); (4) identified 1659 fiber‐disease associations, predicting the potential of dietary fiber to modulate specific microbiota changes associated with diseases of interest; (5) established murine models of inflammatory bowel disease to validate the preventive and therapeutic effects of arabinoxylan that notably perturbed the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla, as well as the Bacteroidetes and Lactobacillus genera, aligning with our model predictions. To enhance data accessibility and facilitate targeted dietary intervention development, we launched an interactive webtool—mDiFiBank at https://mdifibank.org.cn/.
Weight Gain Among Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy—Facts and Numbers
Authors: Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Butler Javed , Anker Markus 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCachexia affects up to 60% of patients with lung cancer, with its prevalence rising up to 80% in advanced stages of disease. In approximately 20% of cases, it is the primary cause of mortality. Five studies, including a total of 4467 patients, across range of cancer types reported data on weight gain in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Across all five studies, an average of 18.3% of patients experienced weight gain > 5% (816 out of 4467 patients). The frequency of weight gain > 5% was highest among breast cancer patients, 18.9% in Pedersini et al (n = 169) and 33.0% in Sella et al (n = 687). In NSCLC patients, weight gain was reported in 18.3% in patients in Patel et al (n = 2301) and 11.7% in Roeland et al (n = 1030). In contrast, colorectal cancer patients showed only 5.7% of weight gain > 5% (Zutphen et al, n = 280). Additionally, weight loss > 5% was reported in 15.1% of breast cancer patients and 28.3% of colorectal cancer patients. Despite weight loss being quantified as a common endpoint in clinical trials focused on cancer cachexia, there is limited data on the impact of weight gain as a marker of a positive outcome among cancer patients. Studies have shown that weight gain of more than 5% within 3 months in NSCLC patients can be associated with improvement in overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) scores. In this post hoc analysis by Roeland et al., the authors defined different percentage cut‐off values for maximum weight gain among patients with non–small cell lung cancer within 3 months of starting platinum‐based chemotherapy. Among all categories, namely, weight gain > 0%, > 2.5% and > 5%, a significant benefit in overall and progression‐free survival was seen and was comparable among all groups. These findings highlight the clinical significance of incorporating strategies that encourage weight gain and to prevent weight loss at the least among cancer patients. Along with further delving into the prognostic value of weight gain and developing methods to encourage this response among cancer patients, future studies should use standardized assessment tools to identify weight gain that could be attributed to underlying pathologic processes such as oedema and congestion. We also suggest that monitoring and reporting of weight changes should be done in all cancer trials.
Uveal Melanoma in a Child: A Case Report
Authors: Zheng Shuang , Liu Lian‐di , Wang Dawei , Lin Li , Chen Ran , Xiao Bin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTUveal melanoma is a rare and highly malignant tumor. Its occurrence in children is rare and challenging to differentiate from retinoblastoma. The present work reports on the unusual case of a 4‐year‐old male patient who presented a mass in the right eye unresponsive to 18 days of ophthalmic artery chemotherapy. Enucleation revealed a solid black mass with high melanin content. The pathological diagnosis indicated uveal melanoma in the right eyeball, infiltrating the cornea and sclera. Whole‐exome sequencing found no pathogenic gene variants. Further exploration of pathogenesis and molecular genetics is needed.
Comparison of Shear Wave Elastography Measurements in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients and Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Kula Sezer , Haliloglu Nuray 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTo evaluate renal parenchymal stiffness using 2D shear wave elastography (SWE) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to investigate the correlation between SWE results and demographic as well as laboratory findings. We evaluated 41 CKD patients and 40 controls who underwent abdominal ultrasound (US) between December 2020 and November 2022. SWE measurements were performed by a single radiologist, assessing renal stiffness in the lower pole, middle section, and upper pole of each kidney. The mean stiffness values were calculated from at least six measurements per kidney. Laboratory data, including glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum urea, and creatinine levels, were obtained. Mann–Whitney U and Spearman correlation tests were used for statistical analysis. CKD patients (mean age: 66 years) showed significantly higher cortical stiffness compared with controls (15.6 kPa vs. 5.5 kPa, p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between stiffness and serum urea/creatinine levels, while an inverse correlation was observed with GFR (p < 0.001). A negative correlation was observed between kidney size and SWE (r = −0.215, p = 0.054), while parenchymal thickness showed a stronger and statistically significant inverse relationship with SWE (r = −0.301, p = 0.006). No significant correlation was found with age or gender (p > 0.05). SWE is a reliable, noninvasive method for assessing renal fibrosis in CKD. With standardization, it could become a valuable tool in routine CKD evaluation.
Xmas‐NT: A Novel Two‐Color Fluorescence Micro Neutralization Test for the Detection of Neutralizing Antibodies Against Monkeypox Virus
Authors: Bodenstein Clemens , Bourquain Daniel , Nitsche Andreas , Grossegesse Marica 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSince the global outbreak of Mpox in 2022, interest in seroepidemiological and vaccine studies has grown rapidly. One aspect of interest in these studies is the detection of neutralizing antibodies to the causative agent, monkeypox virus (MPXV). Determination of neutralizing antibodies using a (micro)‐neutralization test (NT) is the gold standard method, which is time consuming and labor intensive. Here, we present the comparison of different methods to facilitate MPXV NT analysis resulting in the establishment of an optimized MPXV NT protocol. The optimized protocol is based on a recombinant eGFP‐expressing MPXV and a recombinant mCherry‐expressing VeroE6 cell line. Using the so‐called Xmas‐NT, the incubation time can be reduced by 60%. In addition, compared to the conventional NT, the documentation time of the Xmas‐NT is significantly reduced by 80%, making it suitable for serological high throughput screening studies.
Spatially explicit estimates of elk population demographics in North Carolina, USA
Authors: Braunstein Jessica L. , Clark Joseph D. , Augustine Ben C. , Hickman Caleb R. , McVey Justin , Yarkovich Joseph 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn an effort to restore extirpated elk to their historical range, 52 elk were reintroduced to Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM) in North Carolina, USA, during 2001 and 2002. Since their reintroduction, elk numbers have increased, and elk have extended their range beyond GRSM boundaries. We used spatially explicit capture‐recapture (SCR) methods based on fecal DNA to identify individual elk and estimate population abundance (N), apparent survival (φ), per capita recruitment (f), and population growth rate (λ) in western North Carolina. We walked a series of transects during 3 winter field seasons (2020–2022) and collected elk pellets encountered along those transects. We created spatially explicit capture histories and incorporated those data into both closed and open population SCR models. The top performing closed SCR models for males and females estimated density by year and as a function of the scaled distance to the nearest field, with densities decreasing as the distance increased. Combined male and female N were 179 elk (95% CI = 149–215) in 2020, 220 elk (95% CI = 188–256) in 2021, and 240 elk (95% CI = 207–279) in 2022. The top open population model estimated both φ and λ as functions of sex and year. The estimate of φ for males was 0.682 (95% CI = 0.317–0.908) during 2020–2021 and 0.339 (95% CI = 0.152–0.596) during 2021–2022 and for females was 0.953 (95% CI = 0.830–1.000) during 2020–2021 and 0.829 (95% CI = 0.601–1.000) during 2021–2022. The annual population growth rate (λ) for males was 1.127 (95% CI = 0.806–1.575) during 2020–2021 and 0.811 (95% CI = 0.566–1.163) during 2021–2022 and for females was 1.559 (95% CI = 1.162–2.091) during 2020–2021 and 1.122 (95% CI = 0.876–1.437) during 2021–2022. Our elk abundance estimates in areas >300 m from fields were negligible, and we suggest that sampling only the areas in and adjacent to fields in the future will result in reliable but more cost‐efficient population estimates. Confidence intervals for vital rate parameters were wide for our 3‐year dataset, but continued annual pellet sampling will increase sample sizes for vital rate estimation and thus improve precision. If elk herd expansion on public lands is desired, we suggest habitat modification to establish open grasslands adjacent to forests.
Management of first‐time patellar dislocation: The ESSKA 2024 formal consensus—Part 1
Authors: Blønd Lars , Askenberger Marie , Stephen Joanna , Akmeşe Ramazan , Balcarek Peter , El Attal Rene , Chouliaras Vasileios , Ferrua Paolo , Monart Joan Minguell , Pagenstert Geert , Sillanpää Petri , Da Silva Manuel Vieira , Walawski Jacek , Beaufils Philippe , Dirisamer Florian 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeTo provide recommendations for the treatment of patients with first‐time patellar dislocation (FTPD). Part I focused on clinical presentation, symptoms, diagnosis, evaluation and imaging.MethodsFifty‐four orthopaedic surgeons and one physiotherapist from 20 countries across Europe were involved in the consensus, which was the FTPD. The consensus was performed according to the European Society for Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery and Arthroscopy consensus methodology. The steering group designed the questions and prepared the statements based on the experience of the experts and the evidence in the literature. The statements were evaluated by the ratings of the peer‐review groups before a final consensus was released.ResultsThe consensus consists of 32 questions and statements, 13 of which will be reviewed in Part 1 of the review. There is an inverse correlation between the intensity of trauma leading to FTPD and the underlying pathoanatomic risk factors, meaning that low trauma intensity usually indicates more severe underlying abnormalities. In addition to the clinical investigation, patient age, family history, bilateral symptoms of instability and injury mechanism should be evaluated. However, reliance can be placed not only on clinical examination but also on magnetic resonance imaging scans as soon as possible, which are considered mandatory for evaluating predisposing factors such as trochlear dysplasia and patella alta and for detecting osteochondral lesions, with the exception of asymptomatic patients. Importantly, it must be recognized that in addition to recurrent instability, which affects approximately 25% of patients, a variety of symptoms are experienced by 50% of patients, such as pain, swelling, giving way, functional and psychological limitations, and a reduction in sports participation, all of which reduce their quality of life. The complications after medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in patients with FTPD have not yet been established; however, we know from cohorts of heterogeneous patients that the most common complications are patellofemoral pain, a reduced range of motion and patellar fracture. In total, there were 13 statements that were all accepted and achieved, 6 with strong agreements and 7 with relative agreements. The general median agreement was 8 (range 7–9). None were graded A, two were graded B, seven were graded C and 4 were graded D.ConclusionIn relation to the management of patients with first‐time patellar luxation, we have worked with 13 questions and based on these we have achieved consensus on 13 statements.Level of EvidenceLevel I, consensus.