bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Looking is not enough: Multimodal attention supports the real‐time learning of new words
Authors: Schroer Sara E , Yu Chen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMost research on early language learning focuses on the objects that infants see and the words they hear in their daily lives, although growing evidence suggests that motor development is also closely tied to language development. To study the real‐time behaviors required for learning new words during free‐flowing toy play, we measured infants’ visual attention and manual actions on to‐be‐learned toys. Parents and 12‐to‐26‐month‐old infants wore wireless head‐mounted eye trackers, allowing them to move freely around a home‐like lab environment. After the play session, infants were tested on their knowledge of object‐label mappings. We found that how often parents named objects during play did not predict learning, but instead, it was infants’ attention during and around a labeling utterance that predicted whether an object‐label mapping was learned. More specifically, we found that infant visual attention alone did not predict word learning. Instead, coordinated, multimodal attention–when infants’ hands and eyes were attending to the same object–predicted word learning. Our results implicate a causal pathway through which infants’ bodily actions play a critical role in early word learning.
Doing aid chains differently: Evaluating the potential ofMulti‐StakeholderPartnerships
Authors: Gerard Kelly 
Published: May 2022

SummaryMotivationDonors have increasingly disbursed funds using aid chains, whereby work is subcontracted to organizations socially and geographically closer to recipients. Aid chains reduce scope for opportunism in contracting. They do, however, enable donors to distance themselves from the messy work of engaging the politics of interventions—“ethics dumping”—with negative impacts on project outcomes.PurposeHow can aid chains—and project outcomes—be improved? This article investigates what can be learned from global value chains (GVCs). In particular, it examines Multi‐Stakeholder Partnerships (MSPs)—currently considered the gold standard for governing GVCs—and evaluates their potential fit for aid chains.Methods and approachThe article describes aid chains' drivers and challenges, and theoretically links the fragmentation of public‐sector service provision to the fragmentation of global production processes. By reviewing MSP case studies and thematically analysing their scope to transform power asymmetries, it empirically evaluates MSPs' potential by assessing the case of the Australian NGO Cooperation Program.FindingsWhile MSPs offer an ambitious framework, their application is weakened by, first, the lack of a consumer role, and second, their central focus on relational practices in transforming power asymmetries. The article's conclusion that MSPs offer limited policy transferability furthers nascent literatures on ethical public‐sector procurement; power asymmetries in MSPs; and how aid chains might be improved.Policy implicationsAid chains reduce the scope for opportunism in contracting, however their power asymmetries have negative impacts on project outcomes that cannot be ignored. MSPs offer an ambitious but problematic policy option for improving aid chain governance. Their lack of effective measures to address power asymmetries limits their potential, calling into question their status as the gold standard for GVC governance and their policy transferability.
Autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma patients over 70 years: A GIMEMA Lazio Working Group experience in a retrospective case–control study
Authors: Rago Angela , Annibali Ombretta , Tomarchio Valeria , Coppetelli Ugo , Fazio Francesca , Cupelli Luca , Fiorini Alessia , Piciocchi Alfonso , Tafuri Agostino , Caravita di Toritto Tommaso 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHigh‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (auto‐SCT) is the standard treatment for young patient ≤65 years with multiple myeloma (MM). The role of auto‐SCT in elderly patients older than 70 years remains controversial in the era of novel agents and especially since the recent introduction of monoclonal antibodies (AbMo). In this study, we evaluated 12 patients with MM over 70 years old undergoing auto‐SCT (elderly graft cohort) in seven centers of GIMEMA Working Group Lazio. We compared the baseline characteristics, treatment and outcome with 97 MM elderly patients who did not receive auto‐SCT (nontransplant patients) from the same registry who were ≥ 70 years old, but did not undergo auto‐SCT. The median progression free survival (PFS) for graft versus no‐graft cohort was 56.4 versus 26.1 months, respectively. There was a trend for better PFS among graft compared to nontransplant patient (p = .1). On the other hand, the median overall survival for transplant versus nontransplant cohort was 107.6 versus 49.5 months (p = .02). Despite the small number of patients aged ≥70 years and ≤74 years, it seems that auto‐SCT is well tolerated, safe and effective. Therefore, we propose that it should be considered an important treatment option in the era of new drugs in elderly fit patients with MM.
Disability progression in multiple sclerosis patients using early first‐line treatments
Authors: Lefort Mathilde , Vukusic Sandra , Casey Romain , Edan Gilles , Leray Emmanuelle ,   OFSEP investigators
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeTherapeutic management of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) has evolved towards early treatment. The objective was to assess the impact of early treatment initiation on disability progression amongst RRMS first‐line‐treated patients.MethodsThis study included all incident RRMS cases starting interferon or glatiramer acetate for the first time from 1 January 1996 to 31 December 2012 (N = 5279) from 10 MS expert Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques centres. The delay from treatment start to attaining an irreversible Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 3.0 was compared between the early group (N = 1882; treated within 12 months following MS clinical onset) and the later group using propensity score weighted Kaplan–Meier methods, overall and stratified by age.ResultsOverall, the restricted mean time before reaching EDSS 3.0 from treatment start was 11 years and 2 months for patients treated within the year following MS clinical onset and 10 years and 7 months for patients treated later. Thus, early treated patients gained 7 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 4–11 months) in the time to reach EDSS 3.0 compared to patients treated later (treatment start delayed by 28 months). The difference in restricted mean time was respectively 6 months (95% CI 1–10 months) and 14 months (95% CI 4–24 months) in the ≤40 years age group and in the >40 years age group, in favour of the early group.ConclusionsEarly treatment initiation resulted in a significant reduction of disability progression amongst patients with RRMS, and also amongst older patients.
Climate change and fishing are pulling the functional diversity of the world's largest marine fisheries to opposite extremes
Authors: Zhao Kangshun , Gaines Steven D. , García Molinos Jorge , Zhang Min , Xu Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimMarine biodiversity is increasingly threatened by overfishing and climate change, but it is still unclear how these drivers have shaped the functional diversity (FD) of marine fish. Here, we explore how the FD of commercial marine fish communities responds to climate change and fishing pressure.Major taxa studiedMarine fish.LocationChina Seas.Time period1989–2018.MethodsWe used a catch database of four individual species and 12 species groups that were reported continuously in China from 1989 to 2018. Seven traits were selected to calculate FD. We adopted generalized linear mixed models to analyse the complex relationship among climate change, fishing pressure and several metrics of marine fish FD. We identified the percentage change in diversity for communities to assess the relative contribution of each species or species group by removing individual species or a species group from the dataset.ResultsClimate change and fishing pressure exerted statistically significant opposing effects on the functional evenness (FEve) and functional divergence (FDiv) of commercial fish communities. Increasing sea surface temperature had a significant positive effect on FEve but a negative effect on FDiv. In contrast, increasing fishing pressure had the opposite effects on FEve and FDiv. These results were driven by the significantly varying relative contributions of fish species or species groups to the functional space, whereby low‐trophic‐level pelagic fish species or species groups are closer to the boundaries of the functional trait space than high‐trophic‐level demersal fish species or species groups.Main conclusionsThe FD of commercial marine fish communities responds significantly to climate warming and increasing fishing pressure, with opposite effects driven by different response patterns of fish species or species groups. Our results suggest that management actions should address the two issues simultaneously, because considering only one will unleash greater functional changes in the other.
Insights into the endogenous cathepsins on modori of fermented carp (Cyprinus carpio) sausage gels in acid environment
Authors: Zhang Furong , Yongde Zeng , Wu Jiangli , Yang Zhengbin , Zhang Wei , Fan Jin , Zeng Xuefeng 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThis research aims to monitor the modori of fermented fish sausage and determine the effect of endogenous cathepsins. Proteolysis, structure and physico‐chemical properties of carp sausage were determined using texture profile, rheological, SEM, FTIR and SDS‐PAGE, respectively. In the forming stage of gels, the rapid reduction in pH dropped below 5.16 within 36 h of fermentation. Meanwhile, the hardness (g), elasticity, Chewiness (mJ) and gumminess increased. The results of elasticity modulus (G′) exhibited strong correlation with TPA. Gels presented a three‐dimensional network structure at 36 h. In the degradation stage of gels, the increase of TVB‐N, TCA‐soluble peptides and FAAs indicated that muscle proteins were strongly degraded. SDS‐PAGE demonstrated that the degradation of insoluble protein was coincided with the modori of gels. During fermentation, cathepsin B (CPB) and cathepsin L (CPL) exhibited high activity, while cathepsin D (CPD) revealed low activity. β‐ sheet and α‐ helix increased to 1.07 and 1.05 times of the initial value (P > 0.05), while random coil and β‐turn dropped to 10.27% and 21.98%, respectively. PCA suggested that acids played a major role in the formation of gels and that CPB and CPL were closely related to the modori of gels. Moreover, this study provided theoretical guidance for controlling the formation and inhibiting the modori of fish sausage gel.
Properties of beeswax antifungal coatings obtained by high‐pressure homogenisation and their application for preserving bananas during storage
Authors: Agyemang Bridget , Grabulos Joel , Hubert Olivier , Bourlieu Claire , Nigen Michael , Lebrun Marc , Coffigniez Fanny , Guillard Valérie , Brat Pierre 
Published: May 2022

SummaryBananas are tropical fruits that are perishable and susceptible to fungal diseases, mainly caused by Colletotrichum musae. Antimicrobial emulsion‐based coating materials have been used extensively to inhibit the growth of these fungi and extend the shelf life of bananas. Targeted emulsion‐based film functionalities offer excellent mechanical, physicochemical and barrier properties and limit fungal growth kinetics. Antifungal compounds, such as essential oils or phenolic compounds, are added to emulsion‐based (wax/biopolymer) coatings to enhance their antimicrobial properties. This study set out to formulate a beeswax‐based emulsion for banana coatings using high‐pressure homogenisation (HPH) and hydrophilic food‐grade/organic coating materials. The particle size distribution, stability and mechanical properties of the film‐forming emulsions, water vapour and the oxygen permeabilities of the resulting coating were investigated. The most promising sucrose emulsions were tested as coatings on banana fruits to assess their efficacy against moisture and firmness loss during storage. Adding thymol (0.5% w/w) to the sucrose emulsions further enhanced the inhibition of Colletotrichum musae growth to its barest minimum of <20%. Emulsion stability was clearly enhanced using HPH while the best inhibition was obtained with a 20% diluted sucrose emulsion containing 0.5% thymol, with or without HPH.
Predicting perioperative outcomes of robot‐assisted radical cystectomy: Data from the Asian Robot‐Assisted Radical Cystectomy Consortium
Authors: Lee Alvin Yuanming , Allen John Carson , Teoh Jeremy Yuen‐Chun , Kang Seok‐Ho , Patel Manish I , Muto Satoru , Yang Cheng‐Kuang , Hatakeyama Shingo , Zhang Ruiyun , Kijvikai Kittinut , Chen Haige , Ohyama Chikara , Horie Shigeo , Chan Eddie Shu‐Yin , Lee Lui‐Shiong 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo report the perioperative outcomes of robot‐assisted radical cystectomy and elucidate their risk factors.MethodsA review of the Asian Robot‐Assisted Radical Cystectomy Consortium database from 2007 to 2020 was performed. The perioperative outcomes studied included complication rates, time to solid food intake, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay, and 30‐day readmission rates.ResultsOf 568 patients, the overall complication rate was 49.2%, comprising major complications in 15.6%. Preoperative hydronephrosis was associated with an increased risk of major complications (odds ratio 3.27, 95% confidence interval 1.48–7.26, P = 0.004) while neoadjuvant chemotherapy was protective (odds ratio 0.46, 95% confidence interval 0.25–0.84, P = 0.012). The median time to solid food intake was 4 days (interquartile range 3–7) and smoking was a risk factor (odds ratio 4.28, 95% confidence interval 2.36–7.79, P < 0.001) for prolonged time to solid food intake. Median length of hospital stay was 13 days (interquartile range 9–19), and diabetes mellitus (odds ratio 1.66, 95% confidence interval 1.08–2.56, P = 0.021), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (odds ratio 2.21, 95% confidence interval 1.46–3.33, P < 0.001), and orthotopic bladder substitute creation (odds ratio 2.82, 95% confidence interval 1.90–4.18, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for prolonged length of hospital stay. The 30‐day readmission rate was 23.4% and higher in those with bilateral hydronephrosis (odds ratio 4.58, 95% confidence interval 1.97–10.65, P < 0.001) and orthotopic bladder substitute creation (odds ratio 1.87, 95% confidence interval 1.16–3.02, P = 0.010).ConclusionsThere are preoperative conditions which are significant risk factors for adverse perioperative outcomes in robot‐assisted radical cystectomy. Most are potentially modifiable and can direct strategies to reduce surgical morbidity related to this major oncological procedure.
Effect of Sb addition on SbxSn1‐xS thin films: The structural, morphological, and linear/nonlinear optical changes for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Parida A. , Alagarasan D. , Ganesan R. , Vardhrajaperumal S. , Naik R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe current paper reports the changes in the structural and optical properties of antimony‐doped tin sulfide ternary (SbxSn1‐xS) (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) thin films synthesized by the thermal evaporation technique on a glass substrate. Structural characterization techniques such as X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy of the prepared sample revealed that the thin films are crystalline in nature. The nanoflake‐like structure was found from the surface morphological analysis performed by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The concentration of the compositional elements was confirmed from the energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. The linear and nonlinear optical parameters were calculated by using the transmission data obtained from UV–vis spectroscopy in the range of 800–1100 nm. The optical measurements showed an increase in transmittance and shifting of the absorption edge. The optical bandgap increased (1.239–1.378 eV) and the refractive index decreased with the increase of Sb concentration, satisfying the Moss rule. The nonlinear susceptibility and the nonlinear refractive index (n2) decreased with Sb content. The changes in both linear and nonlinear parameters by varying the antimony doping concentration could be helpful for controlling the optical properties of SbxSn1‐xS thin films and could be a suitable candidate for many photonics and optoelectronic applications.
Stand‐alone Focal Impulse and Rotor Modulation (FIRM) ablation versus second‐generation cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Tilz Roland R. , Yalin Kivanc , Lyan Evgeny , Heeger Christian‐Hendrik , Schlüter Michael , Fink Thomas , Sciacca Vanessa , Liosis Spyridon , Kuck Karl‐Heinz , Popescu Sorin Ștefan , Mortensen Kai , Meyer‐Saraei Roza , Eitel Charlotte , Vogler Julia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionFocal Impulse and Rotor Modulation (FIRM) guided catheter ablation aiming at stable rotors has been investigated as a treatment option in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The objective of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of FIRM‐guided ablation with second‐generation cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation (CB2‐PVI) in paroxysmal AF.MethodsConsecutive patients (n = 22, mean age 60 ± 11 years, 59.1% of males) who were treated with a stand‐alone FIRM‐guided ablation were included in this retrospective single‐center study. Procedural data and arrhythmia‐free survival at 12 months were compared with n = 86 consecutive patients (mean age 62 ± 13 years, 62.4% of males) who received de‐novo CB2‐PVI.ResultsMedian procedure duration was significantly longer in the FIRM group than in the CB2‐PVI group (152 [IQR 120–176] minutes vs. 122 [110–145] minutes; p = .031). One patient (1.2%) in the CB2‐PVI group and five patients (22.7%) in the FIRM group had vascular access complications. Atrial tachyarrhythmias recurred in 15 patients in the FIRM group and 11 in the CB2‐PVI group. Kaplan–Meier estimation of single‐procedure arrhythmia‐free survival at 12 months was 25% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6%–44%) in the FIRM group and 87% (95% CI 78%–96%) in the CB2‐PVI group (p < .001). Repeat ablations were performed in 14/20 (70.0%) patients in the FIRM group and in 12/85 (14.1%) in the CB2‐PVI group (p < .001).ConclusionDe novo ablation of AF using FIRM‐guided AF ablation results in shorter arrhythmia‐free survival after 12 months compared to CB2‐PVI and a need for repeat ablation in the majority of patients to achieve stable sinus rhythm.
SDF‐1‐edited human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells stimulate angiogenesis in treating hindlimb ischaemia
Authors: Zhang Hong Zhe , Han Seongho , Kim Sung‐Whan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough stem cells have extensively been studied as a novel vehicle for tissue repair, their sustained efficacy remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to investigate the angiogenic potency over time of stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1) gene‐edited amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (AMM/S) in a hindlimb ischaemia model. An SDF‐1 transgene was inserted into the AMM cell genome via transcription activator‐like effector nuclease (TALEN) mediated knock‐in, and cell migration, Matrigel tube formation, and in vivo Matrigel plug assays were performed. AMM/S were also transplanted into hindlimb ischaemia model mice. Blood perfusion, therapeutic potential, histology, capillary density and in vivo angiogenic assays were performed. AMM/S exhibited high expression of the SDF‐1 gene, and robustly promoted migration, proliferation and microvascular formation. AMM/S transplantation significantly increased blood perfusion and limb loss prevention compared with AMM. AMM/S also significantly inhibited increased capillary density and expression of angiogenic factors in the ischaemic hindlimb. Our study demonstrated that AMM/S provides a significant therapeutic effect in ischaemic hindlimbs by enhancing angiogenesis.
A retrospective study of needs and interventions among patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 in Denmark referred to rehabilitation in the period 2000–2019
Authors: Allergodt Kristin , Handberg Charlotte , Frost Asger , Werlauff Ulla 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRationale, Aims and ObjectivesMyotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a progressive multisystem disorder that requires a special focus on the delivery of health and rehabilitation. The aim of the study was to identify the needs and interventions in patients with DM1 referred to a national rehabilitation hospital and to illustrate the needs and interventions in relation to predefined subgroups of disease classification.MethodElectronic medical records from the period 2000−2019 of a randomized sample of patients with DM1 (N = 193) were reviewed to identify rehabilitation needs and interventions. The sample was classified into four subgroups of disease classifications. The number of identified needs and interventions were presented as medians and range, and differences between subgroups were illustrated by Kruskal−Wallis one‐way analysis of variance. The needs were categorized using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).ResultsA total of 2099 needs and 2103 interventions were registered. The most frequent needs werecoordination of healthcare services(480) andemployment and income(363), while the most frequent interventions werecounselling(835) andfollow‐up(386). Patients with congenital DM1 had the most needs and interventions per person. In relation to the ICF, the most registered needs wereenvironmental factors(880) andactivity and participation(848).ConclusionAll subgroups of patients with DM1 had a substantial number of needs and interventions related to coordinating and navigating within the healthcare system. The subgroup of patients with congenital DM1 had the most needs and interventions compared to the other subgroups.