bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of systemic inflammation markers with identification of pulmonary nodule and incident lung cancer in Chinese population
Authors: Tian Ting , Lu Jing , Zhao Wei , Wang Zhongming , Xu Hai , Ding Yuqing , Guo Wen , Qin Pei , Zhu Wenfang , Song Ci , Ma Hongxia , Zhang Qun , Shen Hongbing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesNeutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII), easily accessible systemic inflammation response parameters, were reported to associate with poor lung cancer prognosis. However, research on the effects of these markers on the risk of positive nodules (PNs) and lung cancer is limited.MethodsParticipants in this retrospective study were those who had their first computed tomography (CT) screening at Jiangsu Province Hospital's Health Promotion Center between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2020. We identified PNs (≥6 mm in diameter) from free text of CT reports and lung cancer from medical records. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to assess the association between NLR, PLR, or SII and PNs or lung cancer.ResultsThe detected rate of PNs was 9.60% among the 96,476 participants. Age, smoking and body mass index were possible influencing factors for PNs. We observed linear dose‐effect relationship between NLR, PLR, or SII and PNs (pnon‐linear > 0.05). Compared with low quintile, participants with top quintiles of NLR, PLR or SII had an increased risk of PNs, with the adjusted ORs of 1.19 (1.11–1.28), 1.11 (1.04–1.19) or 1.11 (1.03–1.18), respectively. Meanwhile, NLR showed the U‐shaped relationship with lung cancer, with adjusted ORs of 1.40 (1.08–1.81) comparing highest NLR quintile to the third quintile. The high PLR and SII showed significantly associated with lung cancer with adjusted ORs of 1.29 (0.99–1.68) and 1.35 (1.04–1.74) comparing to the lowest quintile.ConclusionsThe high levels of systemic inflammation markers were associated with the risk of positive pulmonary nodules and lung cancer, which suggested systemic immune response may be an important pre‐clinical feature for the early identification of diseases.
Social resilience of indigenous community on the border: Belief and confidence in anticipating the spread of COVID‐19 through the Besamsam custom in the Dayak community
Authors: Fatmawati  , Dewantara Jagad Aditya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Dayak indigenous community has belief and confidence in taking a stance and taking actions towards a situation and circumstances that affect their social life. This belief is based on their customs and traditions passed down from generation to generation until now. The Dayak traditional custom is a form of social resilience for the community on the border to anticipate the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, which has become a problem in all aspects of community lives. Despite facing various issues and difficulties in dealing with the pandemic, the indigenous Dayak community in Indonesia has managed to survive and resolve these problems. In dealing with the social impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the Salako Dayak indigenous community on the Indonesia‐Malaysia border carried out a traditional ritual called Besamsam. The indigenous Salako Dayak community believes this ritual boosts the social and psychological resilience of the Salako Dayak indigenous community. The research findings showed that the Besamsam ritual had changed people's beliefs about lifestyle, behaviour and perceptions in dealing with the COVID‐19 pandemic. The Besamsam ritual can specifically affect the community's personalities, attitudes and actions towards the spread of COVID‐19. Indigenous peoples have become easier to organize, dynamic, empowered, resilient, motivated to meet their needs, and capable of facing various challenges and social problems during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic. These findings prove that indigenous communities psychologically have strong confidence in their customary beliefs rather than cautionary advice from outside their community. The social impact of the Besamsam custom can serve as a model of awareness and a driving force for indigenous peoples' elements to work cooperatively to break the chain of COVID‐19 spread.
Mapping the vocal circuitry of Alston's singing mouse with pseudorabies virus
Authors: Zheng Da‐Jiang , Okobi Daniel E. , Shu Ryan , Agrawal Rania , Smith Samantha K. , Long Michael A. , Phelps Steven M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVocalizations are often elaborate, rhythmically structured behaviors. Vocal motor patterns require close coordination of neural circuits governing the muscles of the larynx, jaw, and respiratory system. In the elaborate vocalization of Alston's singing mouse (Scotinomys teguina) each note of its rapid, frequency‐modulated trill is accompanied by equally rapid modulation of breath and gape. To elucidate the neural circuitry underlying this behavior, we introduced the polysynaptic retrograde neuronal tracer pseudorabies virus (PRV) into the cricothyroid and digastricus muscles, which control frequency modulation and jaw opening, respectively. Each virus singly labels ipsilateral motoneurons (nucleus ambiguus for cricothyroid, and motor trigeminal nucleus for digastricus). We find that the two isogenic viruses heavily and bilaterally colabel neurons in the gigantocellular reticular formation, a putative central pattern generator. The viruses also show strong colabeling in compartments of the midbrain including the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray and the parabrachial nucleus, two structures strongly implicated in vocalizations. In the forebrain, regions important to social cognition and energy balance both exhibit extensive colabeling. This includes the paraventricular and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus, the lateral hypothalamus, preoptic area, extended amygdala, central amygdala, and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Finally, we find doubly labeled neurons in M1 motor cortex previously described as laryngeal, as well as in the prelimbic cortex, which indicate these cortical regions play a role in vocal production. The progress of both viruses is broadly consistent with vertebrate‐general patterns of vocal circuitry, as well as with circuit models derived from primate literature.
A highly feasible, reliable, and fully remote protocol for mobile app‐based cognitive assessment in cognitively healthy older adults
Authors: Thompson Louisa I. , Harrington Karra D. , Roque Nelson , Strenger Jennifer , Correia Stephen , Jones Richard N. , Salloway Stephen , Sliwinski Martin J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe early detection of cognitive impairment is one of the most important challenges in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. The use of brief, short‐term repeated test sessions via mobile app has demonstrated similar or better reliability and validity compared to standard in‐clinic assessments in adult samples. The present study examined adherence, acceptability, and reliability for a remote, app‐based cognitive screening protocol in healthy older adults.MethodsCognitively unimpaired older adults (N = 52, ages 60–80) completed three brief cognitive testing sessions per day within morning, afternoon, and evening time windows, for 8 consecutive days using a mobile app‐based cognitive testing platform. Cognitive tasks assessed visual working memory, processing speed, and episodic memory.ResultsParticipants completed an average of 93% (M = 22.3 sessions, standard deviation = 10.2) of the 24 assigned sessions within 8 to 9 days. Average daily adherence ranged from 95% of sessions completed on day 2 to 88% of sessions completed on day 8. There was a statistically significant effect of session time on adherence between the morning and afternoon sessions only F (1, 51) = 9.15, P = .004, η p 2 = 0.152, with fewer afternoon sessions completed on average. The within‐person reliabilities of average scores, aggregated across all 24 sessions, were exceptionally high, ranging from 0.89 to 0.97. Performance on the episodic memory task was positively and significantly associated with total score and word list recall score on the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. In an exit survey, 65% of participants reported that they “definitely” would complete the sessions again.DiscussionThese findings suggests that remote, mobile app–based cognitive testing in short bursts is both highly feasible and reliable in a motivated sample of cognitively normal older adults. Limitations include the limited diversity and generalizability of the sample; this was a largely White, highly educated, and motivated sample self‐selected for AD research.
Plasma p217+tau versus NAV4694 amyloid and MK6240 tau PET across the Alzheimer's continuum
Authors: Doré Vincent , Doecke James D. , Saad Ziad S. , Triana‐Baltzer Gallen , Slemmon Randy , Krishnadas Natasha , Bourgeat Pierrick , Huang Kun , Burnham Samantha , Fowler Christopher , Rainey‐Smith Stephanie R. , Bush Ashley I. , Ward Larry , Robertson Jo , Martins Ralph N. , Masters Colin L. , Villemagne Victor L. , Fripp Jurgen , Kolb Hartmuth C. , Rowe Christopher C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe evaluated a new Simoa plasma assay for phosphorylated tau (P‐tau) at aa217 enhanced by additional p‐tau sites (p217+tau).MethodsPlasma p217+tau levels were compared to 18F‐NAV4694 amyloid beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET) and 18F‐MK6240 tau PET in 174 cognitively impaired (CI) and 223 cognitively unimpaired (CU) participants.ResultsCompared to Aβ− CU, the plasma levels of p217+tau increased 2‐fold in Aβ+ CU and 3.5‐fold in Aβ+ CI. In Aβ− the p217+tau levels did not differ significantly between CU and CI. P217+tau correlated with Aβ centiloids P = .67 (CI, P = .64; CU, P = .45) and tau SUVRMT P = .63 (CI, P = .69; CU, P = .34). Area under curve (AUC) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia versus Aβ− CU was 0.94, for AD dementia versus other dementia was 0.93, for Aβ+ versus Aβ− PET was 0.89, and for tau+ versus tau− PET was 0.89.DiscussionPlasma p217+tau levels elevate early in the AD continuum and correlate well with Aβ and tau PET.
Evolution of increased competitive ability may explain dominance of introduced species in ruderal communities
Authors: Hierro José L. , Eren Özkan , Čuda Jan , Meyerson Laura A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis encapsulates the importance of evolution and ecology for biological invasions. According to this proposition, leaving specialist herbivores at home frees introduced plant species from investing limited resources in defense to instead use those resources for growth, selecting for individuals with reduced defense, enhanced growth, and, consequently, increased competitive ability. We took a multispecies approach, including ancestral and non‐native populations of seven weeds, as well as seven coexisting local weeds, to explore all three predictions (i.e., lower defense, greater growth, and better ability to compete in non‐native than ancestral populations), the generality as an invasion mechanism for a given system, and community‐level consequences of EICA. We assessed plant defenses by conducting herbivory trials with a generalist herbivore. Therefore, finding that non‐native populations are better defended than ancestral populations would lend support to the shifting defense (SD) hypothesis, an extension of EICA that incorporates the observation that introduced species escape specialists, but encounter generalists. We also manipulated water additions to evaluate how resource availability influences competition in the context of EICA and plant plasticity in our semiarid system. We found that non‐native populations of one study species, Centaurea solstitialis, were better defended, grew faster, and exerted stronger suppression on locals than ancestral populations, offering support to EICA through the SD hypothesis. The other species also displayed variation in trait attributes between ancestral and non‐native populations, but they did not fully comply with the three predictions of EICA. Notably, differences between those populations generally favored the non‐natives. Moreover, non‐native populations were, overall, superior at suppressing locals relative to ancestral populations under low water conditions. There were no differences in plasticity among all three groups. These results suggest that evolutionary change between ancestral and non‐native populations is widespread and could have facilitated invasion in our system. Additionally, although trading growth for shifted defense does not seem to be the main operational path for evolutionary change, it may explain the dominance of some introduced species in ruderal communities. Because introduced species dominate communities in disturbed environments around the world, our results are likely generalizable to other systems.
Bioinspired sensor system for health care and human‐machine interaction
Authors: Xue Jiangtao , Zou Yang , Deng Yulin , Li Zhou 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBioinspired sensor system leads the development of new generation sensor technology with remarkable features like ultra‐sensitivity, low‐power consumption and self‐adaptability. With the help of bioinspired sensor systems, human perception can be quantified and machines can be endowed with specific perception. As an emerging technology, bioinspired sensor system has been widely used in various fields such as industrial, medical, food safety, military and robotic. This review summarizes the recent process of bioinspired sensor system. First, three bionic strategies are defined as bionic materials, bionic structures, and functional bionic according to the sources of bionic inspiration. Second, bioinspired sensor systems with different working mechanisms are summarized and classified into piezoresistive, capacitive, triboelectric, piezoelectric, and other types. Afterward, for applications, the representative works of bioinspired sensor system for health care and human‐machine interaction are focused and introduced, respectively. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of bioinspired sensor system are also discussed.image
How have Cretan rivers responded to late Holocene uplift? A multi‐millennial, multi‐catchment field experiment to evaluate the applicability of Schumm and Parker's (1973) complex response model
Authors: Macklin Mark G. , Booth Jonathan , Brewer Paul A. , Tooth Stephen , Duller Geoff A.T. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract‘Complex response’ (Schumm, 1973, Geomorphic thresholds and complex response of drainage systems. In Morisawa, M. (ed.), Fluvial Geomorphology. Binghamton: New York State University Publications: 299‐310) describes situations in which a single event triggers a series of progressively damped morphological and sedimentary adjustments within a catchment. Schumm and Parker's (1973, Implications of complex response of drainage systems for Quaternary alluvial stratigraphy. Nature 243: 99–100) classic stream table experiment of drainage system development showed that one baselevel fall event could result in formation of two sets of paired river terraces that need not be related to additional external (e.g., climate) influences. Despite its enduring popularity in fluvial geomorphology, large‐scale and long‐term field evaluations of Schumm and Parker's complex response model are very limited. Here, we report on a multi‐millennial, multi‐catchment field experiment in south‐western Crete where a high‐magnitude earthquake (estimated magnitude 8.3–8.5) on 21 July 365 ce resulted in up to 9 m of instantaneous uplift over a land area exceeding 6000 km2. Geomorphological, sedimentological, and chronological investigations were used to investigate the erosional and depositional histories in three catchments with outlets uplifted by the 365 ce event. These catchments were compared with the Anapodaris catchment in south central Crete where baselevel was not significantly affected by the earthquake. Although all uplifted catchments experienced valley floor incision, this occurred hundreds of years after 365 ce during a period of wetter climate. The number and age of trunk stream incision and aggradation phases are similar in both uplifted and non‐uplifted catchments, indicating that river responses following the 365 ce uplift event have not followed complex response trajectories in the form documented by Schumm and Parker (1973). This finding highlights the need for rigorous evaluation of other catchment or river response concepts, including through the combined use of laboratory experimental results, field data, and geochronology. In an era of rapid environmental change, characterizing and anticipating catchment and river system response increasingly will depend on a healthy interplay between different investigative approaches.
Mapping of whole‐cerebrum resting‐state networks using ultra‐high resolution acquisition protocols
Authors: Yun Seong Dae , Pais‐Roldán Patricia , Palomero‐Gallagher Nicola , Shah N. Jon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used in numerous studies to map networks in the brain that employ spatially disparate regions. However, attempts to map networks with high spatial resolution have been hampered by conflicting technical demands and associated problems. Results from recent fMRI studies have shown that spatial resolution remains around 0.7 × 0.7 × 0.7 mm3, with only partial brain coverage. Therefore, this work aims to present a novel fMRI technique that was developed based on echo‐planar‐imaging with keyhole (EPIK) combined with repetition‐time‐external (TR‐external) EPI phase correction. Each technique has been previously shown to be effective in enhancing the spatial resolution of fMRI, and in this work, the combination of the two techniques into TR‐external EPIK provided a nominal spatial resolution of 0.51 × 0.51 × 1.00 mm3 (0.26 mm3 voxel) with whole‐cerebrum coverage. Here, the feasibility of using half‐millimetre in‐plane TR‐external EPIK for resting‐state fMRI was validated using 13 healthy subjects and the corresponding reproducible mapping of resting‐state networks was demonstrated. Furthermore, TR‐external EPIK enabled the identification of various resting‐state networks distributed throughout the brain from a single fMRI session, with mapping fidelity onto the grey matter at 7T. The high‐resolution functional image further revealed mesoscale anatomical structures, such as small cerebral vessels and the internal granular layer of the cortex within the postcentral gyrus.
Secondary instabilities on double‐diffusive convection in an anisotropic porous layer with Soret effect
Authors: Ragoju Ravi , Singh Mahesh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn an anisotropic porous matrix with a Soret coefficient, the onset of double‐diffusive convection is investigated analytically using weakly nonlinear analysis. The momentum equation is expressed using a generalized Darcy model with a time derivative term. The Newell–Whitehead–Segel equation is acquired, thereby examining the Eckhaus and zigzag secondary instabilities. Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are used to examine convection onset by quantifying heat and mass movement. Heat and mass transmission dynamics are graphically depicted as a consequence of several parameters. An increase of the positive value of the Soret parameter enhances heat transport, whereas, an increase of the negative value of the Soret parameter reduces it.
Radiative Recombination in Bulk‐Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Hackl Florian , Fromherz Thomas , Scharber Markus C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe have studied the time‐dependent charge transfer emission in a photovoltaic device made of a blend of poly[2,6‐(4,4‐bis‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐4H‐cyclo‐penta[2,1‐b;3,4‐b’]‐dithiophene)‐alt‐4,7‐(2,1,3 benzothiadiazole)] and [6,6]‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester, a system showing a low band‐gap suitable as absorber for bulk‐heterojunction solar cells. We find a short‐lived component (∼1 ns) and no evidence of a long‐lived emission (μs) expected if photo‐generated free charge carriers would recombine radiatively via the charge transfer state. Our results explain, why the open circuit voltage loss in the investigated solar cell is much larger compared to GaAs‐based or perovskite solar cells and highlight one of the key processes limiting the performance of bulk‐heterojunction solar cells.
Blocking exosomal secretion aggravates 1,4‐benzoquinone‐induced mitochondrial fission activated by the AMPK/MFF/Drp1 pathway in HL‐60 cells
Authors: Lu Fangfang , Zhang Qianqian , Zhang Mengyan , Sun Shuqiang , Yang Xinjun , Yan Hongtao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere is in vivo and in vitro evidence that exposure to benzene or its metabolites could affect the mitochondrial function. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of mitochondrial damage remains to be elucidated. In this study, exposure of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL‐60) to 1,4‐benzoquinone (1,4‐BQ; an active metabolite of benzene) increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate production and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, up‐regulated the expression of mitochondrial fission proteins Drp1 and Fis1, and down‐regulated the expression of mitochondrial fusion proteins Mfn2 and Opa1. Further study showed that 1,4‐BQ mediated mitochondrial fission through activation of the AMP‐activated protein kinase/mitochondrial fission factor/dynamin‐related protein 1 pathway. Additionally, we also examined the role of exosomal secretion in mitochondrial damage under 1,4‐BQ treatment. Results showed that 1,4‐BQ increased the total protein level and mtDNA content in exosomes. Upon pre‐treatment with the mitochondria‐targeted antioxidant SS‐31, there was attenuation of the mitochondrial damage induced by 1,4‐BQ, accompanied by a change in the exosome release characteristics, while inhibition of exosomal secretion using GW4869 aggravated the 1,4‐BQ‐mediated mitochondrial fission. We concluded that exosomal secretion may serve as a self‐protective mechanism of cells against 1,4‐BQ‐induced mitochondria damage and mitochondrial dynamics interference.
Comorbidities and mortality rate in COVID‐19 patients with hematological malignancies: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Naimi Adel , Yashmi Ilya , Jebeleh Reza , Imani Mofrad Mohammad , Azimian Abhar Shakiba , Jannesar Yasaman , Heidary Mohsen , Pakzad Reza 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). It seems that there is an association between blood cancer and an increased risk of severe COVID‐19. This study aimed to review the literature reporting the COVID‐19 outcomes in patients with hematological malignancies.Material and methodsIn this systematic review and meta‐analysis, Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched using the following keywords: COVID‐19, SARS‐CoV‐2, blood cancer, myeloma, lymphoma, and leukemia. All the published articles in English from January 1, 2019, until March 10, 2021 were collected and evaluated.ResultsIn total, 53 studies with 2395 patients were included based on inclusion criteria. Most of these studies took place in Spain (14.81%), followed by the USA (11.11%), China (9.26%), and the UK (9.26%). More than half of COVID‐19 patients with hematological malignancy were male (56.73%). Oxygen therapy played an important role in COVID‐19 treatment. Moreover, anticoagulant therapies such as enoxaparin and heparin were two great assists for these patients. Fever (74.24%), cough (67.64%), and fatigue (53.19%) were the most reported clinical manifestations. In addition, hypertension and dyslipidemia were the most common comorbidities. The mortality rate due to COVID‐19 in patients with hematological malignancies was 21.34%.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that hematologic cancer patients were more susceptible to a severe COVID‐19 than patients without blood cancer. Thus, the management of COVID‐19 in these patients requires much more attention, and their screening should perform regularly.