bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
France
Authors: Howarth David , James Scott 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In Chapter 7 we argue that the French case displays important similarities with Germany. During the 2012 presidential and parliamentary elections, Socialist candidate François Hollande made bold pledges to introduce stringent new rules to force banks to separate risky speculative activities from retail banking. As President, Hollande faced a ferocious backlash from France’s tightly integrated and highly concentrated banking sector. One important difference between the German and French cases is that cooperative financial power reflected not only centralized representation and alliance building with the wider business community, but also tight inter-organizational and interpersonal connections between the French state and the large banks. Steering the process through an in camera government committee with close ties to industry, as well as two parliamentary committees dominated by opponents of major structural reform, the Socialist government was able to backtrack on its campaign commitments. The limited set of restrictions on proprietary and high-frequency trading eventually adopted in July 2013 therefore represented a symbolic response to waning parliamentary and public pressure, justified on the grounds that protecting large French banks against US competition was in the ‘national interest’.
Conclusion
Authors: Howarth David , James Scott 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The concluding chapter begins by recalling the main puzzle and research questions of the book. The second section summarizes the limitations of existing scholarship on bank structural reform, and details the book’s wider empirical and theoretical contribution to the relevant fields of academic research. We focus on three main literatures: international and comparative political economy, theories of business power, and financial interest lobbying. The final section provides a guide to future research by considering the wider application of the comparative financial power framework to other regulatory issues and economic sectors. In particular, we end with an appeal for future scholarship to extend our analytical horizon, and to contribute to the further refinement of our theoretical framework, through its application to case study countries beyond the narrow confines of Europe and North America.
Genomic insights into micro- and macro-evolutionary processes in Odonata
Authors: Wellenreuther Maren , Dudaniec Rachael Y. , Lancaster Lesley T. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) present an unparalleled insect system for investigating biodiversity impacts of environmental change because of their ease of sampling, occupation of environmental gradients, and rapid movement dynamics. In addition, due to their ancient phylogenetic position, research into this order provides fundamental insights into key evolutionary processes such as the evolution of flight, vision, and sexual behavior. The chapter investigates how emerging genomics-based studies have provided novel insights into micro-and macro-evolutionary processes, namely: 1) movement dynamics; 2) local adaptation; and 3) species boundaries. It covers how genomic studies are starting to reveal the micro- and macro-evolutionary processes that underpin form and function in this order. It concludes that future work needs to taxonomically and geographically broaden the species investigated to capture the full extent of diversity in this order, and to enable comparative work.
Ecological differentiation, interference, and coexistence in Odonata
Authors: Grether Gregory F. , Siepielski Adam M. , Gómez-Llano Miguel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Recent work in coexistence theory has begun to more fully consider the diverse factors that may foster or retard species coexistence and the spatial scales over which this may occur. This chapter considers how ecological differentiation and interference may influence coexistence in Odonata. Studies of ecological differentiation have revealed how resource competition and predator–prey interactions may foster species coexistence, but they have also revealed evidence of neutrality among co-occurring odonate species. Both niche and neutral processes may simultaneously shape odonate assemblages, which can arise locally as well as regionally among different populations. Common forms of interspecific interference in Odonata include intraguild predation at the larval stage, and aggression (e.g. territorial fighting) and reproductive interference (e.g. attempted mating) at the adult stage. Currently, more is known about the evolutionary effects of interference between co-occurring species than about how interference impacts coexistence. In theory, intraspecific interference mechanisms, such as sexual conflict and territoriality, could promote coexistence by increasing intraspecific density-dependence relative to interspecific density-dependence. Conversely, interspecific interference could hinder local coexistence while promoting regional coexistence. Odonata is a promising taxon for advancing a general understanding of the role of interference in coexistence, in part because the types and intensity of interference vary within clades that exhibit minimal ecological differentiation. Ultimately, understanding how coexistence mechanisms structure Odonata communities will require investigating the roles of ecological differentiation and interference at both the larval and adult stages.
The Odonatoptera
Authors: Nel André , Piney Bertrand 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores how the extant Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) are only the small remaining part of the superorder Odonatoptera. The Odonatoptera are a clade with an impressive systematic diversity and morphological disparity since the Late Carboniferous. Their fossil record is rather well known because these insects inhabit humid environments, which are favorable to fossilization. Thus it is possible to follow the evolution of the morphology of the order, especially in the evolving complexity of their wing venation. It is this evolution through time that has rendered possible for this order to acquire highly specialized structures resulting in their impressive flying capacities.
Bridging people and nature through Odonata
Authors: Dillon Amanda , Simaika John , Clausnitzer Viola , Thompson Ami , White Erin , Montes-Fontalvo Jenilee , Goforth Christine , Khelifa Rassim 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Odonates are the charismatic megafauna of the insect world. This makes them ideal candidates for interaction with the public. These interactions engage communities not only with odonates themselves but the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems they inhabit. These interactions can have many benefits both for odonates and their ecosystems as well as the global community. Public engagement via odonates, for example, can increase scientific literacy, increase capacity for scientific data collection through community science, and/or encourage environmental advocacy and conservation. Our chapter provides examples of how odonates are used as tools for interaction with the public and how that can be turned into active participation in science and conservation. We conclude by describing existing barriers to making odonate science globally accessible and steps to address these issues.
Life in the Field
Authors: Regis Ed 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes the POBSP scientists, their duties, and the conditions under which they worked. The chapter introduces the four major characters who were the most prominent members of the field teams that actually performed the survey: A. Binion Amerson, entomologist, Roger Clapp, ornithologist, Fred C. Sibley, ornithologist, and Lawrence N. Huber, herpetologist. It describes in vivid detail a few of the Southern Island Cruises to places such as Howland Island and Baker Island in the North Pacific, and Jarvis Island in the South. It describes what these men actually did and presents a detailed picture of what it was like to travel from place to place aboard both army and navy oceangoing tugboats, as well as other vessels, and then to land on an island and perform a full biological survey and census of its life forms.
The Artificial Atoll
Authors: Regis Ed 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The chapter describes how two islands visited by the POSBP, Tern Island in the Northwest Hawaiian chain, and Johnston Island, in the mid-Pacific, were converted to suit the needs of the military. Johnston is one of the most isolated islands in the world, and for that reason it became the staging point for many secret US Army experiments, including biological warfare tests. It was also used as a launch site for atmospheric nuclear bomb blasts. Tern Island was converted from an irregularly-shaped tropical isle into an air base that looks much like an aircraft carrier steaming through the waves. Made of dredged-up coral, it became known as “the Coral Carrier.” The chapter also describes how after a series of observations made by POBSP field teams, the scientists made important discoveries about bird migration patterns in the Central Pacific. Finally, the chapter asks the question of why, given the known presence of birds transiting through the fixed Johnston Grid area (a result established by a special POBSP subprogram called STAR BRITE), the army nevertheless chose to conduct bioweapons trials there, despite the potential hazards they might present to populations of the Western Pacific.
Fate of the Islands
Authors: Regis Ed 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The chapter describes what happened to three islands after the conclusion of the tests. The tests themselves did no damage to any island or species inhabiting them, but all three were plagued by invasive species that killed birdlife, in some cases wiping out one or more species from the island. The most damaging invasive species were feral cats that had been introduced by earlier visitors. The chapter describes the cat eradication programs that were carried out on Baker and Jarvis islands. The eradication attempts were in the end successful, but in both cases took several years. The chapter also discusses the biological remediation of Eniwetok Atoll. Most surprisingly, Johnston Island was put up for auction by the US government as an uninhabited tropical paradise, and a potential “ecotourism” attraction.
“Let Him Kiss Me with the Kisses of His Mouth!”
Authors: Kling David W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the history of biblical interpretation, no other book of comparable size has elicited such a volume and variety of interpretations as the Song of Songs. This chapter examines several of interpretations, highlighting the important contribution of Origen’s allegorical approach throughout the early church and medieval periods. Particular attention is given to Bernard of Clairvaux’s Sermons on the Song of Songs, wherein he outlines the threefold process of mystical ascent: the via purgativa (ascetical purification), via illuminativa (progressive sanctification), and via unitiva (mystical union with Christ). The allegorical method of interpreting the Songs remained popular throughout the seventeenth and well into the eighteenth century, but a consensus among scholars eventually emerged that continues to this day: the Song is collection of poems about human love.
“The Righteous Will Live by Faith”
Authors: Kling David W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Martin Luther and his search for a gracious God. It surveys Luther’s life as a prelude to his theological and biblical studies, which culminated in a new understanding of his place before God as he wrestled with Scripture: first, in his Lectures on the Psalms, then crucially, his Lectures on Romans, particularly Romans 1:17. The chapter briefly examines Luther’s hermeneutic (Scripture interprets Scripture, the distinctions between the Spirit and the Letter and the Law and Gospel), and concludes with a discussion of the recent history of interpretation of Romans 1:17 and its understanding among contemporary commentators within the context of Catholic-Lutheran dialogue.
Conclusion
Authors: Kling David W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This concluding chapter acknowledges that the focus of this study has been primarily on Western Christianity and more specifically, in its American context. It commends the shifting of the effects of Scripture to the Global South (Asia, Africa, Latin America), recognizing the already ongoing efforts by other scholars. The chapter then summarizes the book’s primary focus—an examination of the ways that biblical texts have shaped history and, conversely, the ways that history has shaped the interpretation of texts. In this context of reciprocal circularity, biblical texts have functioned as transforming agents, re-created meaning, comprehending sources, hermeneutical keys, and secondary justifications.
Dangerous Ground
Authors: Suval John 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
White squatters in the American West propelled the Jacksonian Democratic Party to dominance and the United States to the shores of the Pacific. Yet, in the lead-up to the Civil War, they became foot soldiers on the front lines of clashes that sundered the Union. These dynamics have been largely overlooked. Dangerous Ground tracks squatters across antebellum America, from the Mississippi Valley and cotton lands of Texas, to Oregon, Gold Rush–era California, and, finally, Bleeding Kansas, revealing how claiming western domains became intertwined with partisan politics and fights over slavery extension. Unlike previous generations of politicians who condemned settlers who lacked title to the lands they occupied, Andrew Jackson’s Democratic Party built a strong base by celebrating white squatters as pioneering yeomen and encouraging their land grabs through preemption laws, Indian removal, and hawkish diplomacy. As America expanded, the party’s power grew. But the US-Mexican War proved a step too far, leading many to ask whether these squatters were genuine yeomen or forerunners of slavery expansion? Some northern Democrats bolted to form the Free Soil Party, while southerners denounced any hindrance to slavery’s spread. Faced with a fracturing party, Democratic chiefs promoted “squatter sovereignty,” allowing territorial inhabitants to determine whether new lands would be slave or free, leading to a destabilizing transfer of authority from Congress to frontier settlers. Squatters thus morphed from darlings of the Democratic Party and agents of Manifest Destiny into combatants in battles that ruptured the Party of Jackson and the nation.
Introduction
Authors: Bricca Jacob 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The introduction gives an overview of the questions and themes contained in the book. It shows how the origins of most footage in a documentary remain ambiguous to the viewer, which allows documentaries to produce narrative and emotional experiences that are fundamentally fictional. It compares documentaries to fiction films and identifies several similarities, including how actors and documentary subjects both tend to be chosen for their ability to appear “natural” in front of a camera. Exploring the question of a working definition of documentary, it emphasizes how difficult it is to police the boundaries of the genre and emphasizes the difficulties that arise when trying to make strict rules about what is and is not a documentary. The chapter ends by showing the disconnect between documentary practitioners and audiences and argues that the purpose of book is to build a bridge between these worlds and give readers insights into how to interpret what they see and hear in a documentary.
Raw Materials
Authors: Bricca Jacob 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Six categories of documentary footage are identified and explained. Verité (the audience sees it as it happens) includes unscripted actions occurring in front of the camera and presented in ways that often adhere to fictional narrative tradition, with individuals revealing information through their interactions with others and the world around them. Interviews (the audience hears about it through the account of a participant) allow participants to reflect on their experience and tell it to the audience. Archival material (the audience sees it as it happened) is a broad category including any material that predates the making of the film. Reenactment and animation (the audience sees it as it may have happened) allow filmmakers to portray a speculative account of events in order to dramatize them. In reenactments the portrayal is often partial, is often staged with actors facing away from the camera, and may gesture to its own artificiality as a way of signaling its presence. A short history of reenactments is given, and animation and motion graphics are briefly discussed. Voice-over narration (which narrates to the audience in a voice of the film’s choosing) is used to summarize information and set up scenes, and represents the filmmaker telling the audience something in a direct way. Title Cards (which present information to the audience directly in text) are also used to tell the audience pieces of information but do so in a more “hands-off” way that allows the audience to digest information that may feel more neutral and less didactic.
Meaning
Authors: Bricca Jacob 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapter 2 discusses how the elements discussed in Chapter 1 create meaning, including through their varied recombination and juxtaposition. It shows how the choice of staging, lighting, and production design of interviews can convey powerful messages that influence how the audience views the testimony of the interviewee. By choosing uniform backgrounds (via building a set, green screen, or other means) a documentary can bring visual uniformity to its production and also create a specific tone. The chapter explains how most documentaries are dominated by words, with pictures offering only confirmatory meanings. Many examples are given of the dominance of words, and of the highly specific nature of the word/picture combinations chosen in many documentaries. It shows how documentaries use words in varied ways, including in order to prime the audience to arrive at a specific interpretation of the subsequent scene. Words may dominate even when narration is not used, because interview audio can function in the same way, and verité footage also often uses word logic to define meaning, even though it may seem utterly spontaneous and chaotic. In verité scenes cutaways may be harvested from elsewhere in the cut in order to insinuate certain apparent meanings when joined with words. The chapter contrasts the “closed meanings” created by many documentaries dominated by words with the “open meanings” of documentaries with much longer takes and a greater use of master shots.
Narrative
Authors: Bricca Jacob 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapter 3 details the many ways in which techniques from narrative fiction are used in documentaries. “Narrative” is defined as the desire to attach coherence to otherwise inert actions and occurrences in order to achieve simpler and more dramatic meanings. The chapter details how every documentary creates narrative expectations via its opening segment. It shows how the arrangement of scenes within the overall narrative (or the arrangement of shots within a scene) can create narrative meaning through their position alone, with an event that takes place in the “climax” position functioning very differently than it would if it were placed somewhere else. A detailed exploration of the production of the A&E documentary series Intervention reveals how the participants are handled and filmed in order to package their experience into digestible “narrative turns.” It explains how “micronarratives” are also at play in documentaries by turning very small moments of experience such as the development of the action in a single shot into fulfilling narratives by creating curiosity and then satisfying it. “Callbacks” are explained as moments when a documentary revisits material that has previously been revealed in order to replay the experience for the audience in a different light. It also includes a discussion of documentaries that do not pursue traditional stories or narratives but instead focus on aesthetic, rhythmic, or thematic qualities.
Titles
Authors: Bricca Jacob 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapter 7 goes into fine detail on the ways in which title cards can convey important information about the structure of the film and the hierarchy of the characters it contains, as well as providing tonal and textural information and manipulating the audience’s attention in subtle ways. Every documentary director makes considered decisions about which characters receive lower-third title cards and which do not; this is a cue to the audience about which individuals are more important than others to follow. The professional title given to the characters is also an important piece of information; documentaries may imply a more or less formal voice depending on whether the characters are introduced with or without their last names, and with or without their professional titles (e.g., “Director, University of Arizona School of Dance”). Documentaries may also choose to either reinforce or disrupt social hierarchies by giving or withholding professional titles. Subtitles play an important role in telling the audience if a certain passage is especially important to hear and may alter the experience of the scene in important ways by simplifying the translation of words spoken in another language. Visually busy lower-third title animations may also be employed at strategic moments when the logic of a scene is not particularly strong and the filmmaker wishes to intentionally distract the audience.
Sound
Authors: Bricca Jacob 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapter 9 discusses the multiple ways that sound is used in documentaries to try to generate specific audience experiences and responses. Sound is used to subtly emphasize or de-emphasize certain actions occurring onscreen as well as to give the viewer a sense of the space beyond the borders of the visual frame. Reverb is added to certain sounds to change the audience’s perspective of the size of the space. Sound foley is used to attach emotional values to the sounds of onscreen actions and may be produced by fusing together multiple different sounds for each action. Sound is used to bring locations into proximity with one another from footage that may have been shot at different times and, by the same token, can be used to differentiate actions from each other that were actually continuous. The chapter offers an extended analysis of two Academy Award–nominated documentaries, The Cave and For Sama, and shows how each used sound to portray the world in a way that was consistent with the style of the rest of the film. While The Cave used extensive postproduction in order to create a sweeping, seamless soundscape in sync with the subjective and “cinematic” style of the film, For Sama used much more rudimentary tools and stayed away from anything that could have been perceived as “manipulation,” in part to comply with the journalistic standards of its producer, Channel Four.