bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EPISTEMOLOGICAL DISJUNCTIVISM AND THE INTERNALIST CHALLENGE
Authors: Shaw Kegan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The paper highlights how a popular version of epistemological disjunctivism (Pritchard 2012, 2016) labors under a kind of ‘internalist challenge’—a challenge that seems to have gone largely unacknowledged by disjunctivists. This is the challenge to vindicate the supposed ‘internalist insight’ that disjunctivists claim their view does well to protect (Littlejohn forthcoming 2015). The paper argues that if we advance disjunctivism within a context that recognizes a distinction between merely functional and judgmental belief (Sosa 2015), we get a view that easily overcomes the internalist challenge.
THE COSMOLOGY OF ANAXIMENES
Authors: Kočandrle Radim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA number of aspects of the cosmology of Anaximenes of Miletus have not yet been convincingly explained, but we can assume that a starting point was the notion of a universe stretching only between a flat earth and heaven. This gave the cosmology its “meteorological” character: heavenly bodies were viewed as ignited evaporations of moisture. They were thought of as moving only above the earth’s surface, and their rising and setting were explained as an optical illusion. Similar approaches appear not only in the Greek epic tradition but even in the writings of Xenophanes. It can therefore be assumed that Anaximenes’s conception is representative of contemporary Ionian explanations of cosmological events.
THE ROLE OF ESSENTIALLY ORDERED CAUSAL SERIES IN AVICENNA’S PROOF FOR THE NECESSARY EXISTENT IN THEMETAPHYSICS OF THE SALVATION
Authors: Byrne Celia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAvicenna’s proof for the existence of God (the Necessary Existent) in the Metaphysics of the Salvation relies on the claim that every possible existent shares a common cause. I argue that Avicenna has good reason to hold this claim given that he thinks that (1) every essentially ordered causal series originates in a first, common cause and that (2) every possible existent belongs to an essentially ordered series. Showing Avicenna’s commitment to 1 and 2 allows me to respond to Herbert Davidson’s and Richard Swinburne’s claim that Avicenna’s proof for the Necessary Existent is incomplete and fallacious.
WISDOM, PIETY, AND SUPERHUMAN VIRTUE
Authors: Frank Daniel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article moves between Aristotle, Maimonides, and the Stoics. Aristotle’s moral taxonomy, outlined in NE 7.1, appears problematic, given his view that, in the sphere of moral virtue, the intermediate (temperance, courage) is the extreme, and there is no excess of temperance or courage. This is hard to square with the moral agent whom he describes as possessed of “hyperbolic” (hyperbole, excessive) virtue. As Aristotle has very little to say about the latter, I turn to Maimonides and the Stoics for clarification and enlightenment.
CLARKE’S REJECTION OF SUPERADDED GRAVITY IN THE CLARKE–COLLINS CORRESPONDENCE
Authors: Wolf Lukas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the past, experts have disagreed about whether Samuel Clarke accepted the idea that gravity is a power superadded to matter by God. Most scholars now agree that Clarke did not support superaddition. But the argumentation employed by Clarke to reject superaddition has not been studied before in detail. In this paper, I explicate Clarke’s argumentation by relating it to an important discussion about the possibility of superadded gravity in the Clarke–Collins correspondence. I examine Clarke’s responses to Collins and draw on his other works to reconstruct Clarke’s reasons for rejecting superadded gravity.
HEGEL, NORMS, AND ONTOLOGY
Authors: Saunders Joe 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper lays out two recent accounts of Hegel’s practical philosophy in order to present a challenge. According to Robert Stern and Mark Alznauer, Hegel attempts to ground our ethical practices in ontological norms. I argue that we cannot ground our ethical practices in this way. However, I also contend that Stern’s and Alznauer’s conception of reality as both conceptual and normative can still play a useful role in practical philosophy, namely, to help defuse a sceptical worry about a threat to ethics.
THE MANY PROBLEMS OF MULTIPLE REALIZATION
Authors: Aizawa Kenneth 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper has two principal goals. The first is to set out a bit of conceptual cartography, mapping out a number of distinct conceptual issues that are frequently conflated in the vast literature on multiple realization. The second is to review very briefly how work by Carl Gillett and myself attempts to address a few of the many problems of multiple realization. One of these is explaining what Jerry Fodor apparently took to be mysterious, namely, how multiple realization of properties is possible.
THEORIES OF MULTIPLE REALIZATION
Authors: Shapiro Lawrence 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPhilosophers look to the realization relation as a way to make sense of the possibility that special science kinds are physical, yet not reducible to kinds in physics. A realized property fails to reduce because it can be realized in multiple ways, thus blocking its identification with lower-level properties. One prominent analysis of realization, subset realization, distinguishes multiple realizers on the basis their “left-over powers,” that is, those that don’t contribute to the individuative powers of the realizer. However, I argue, the subset analysis of realization fails to mark an important distinction between different ways that a property might be realized, and also makes questions about the reducibility of kinds—presumably an empirical issue—tractable from the armchair. I offer as an alternative mechanistic multiple realization, which avoids both these problems.
WHY CARE ABOUT NON-NATURAL REASONS?
Authors: Chappell Richard Yetter 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Are non-natural properties worth caring about? I consider two (related) objections to metaethical non-naturalism. According to the intelligibility objection, it would be positively unintelligible to care about non-natural properties that float free from the causal fabric of the cosmos. According to the ethical idlers objection, there is no compelling motivation to posit non-natural normative properties because the natural properties suffice to provide us with reasons. In both cases, I argue, the objection stems from misunderstanding the role that non-natural properties play in the non-naturalist’s understanding of normativity. The role of non-natural properties is not to be responded to, but to “mark” which natural properties it is correct for us to respond to in certain ways.
EMPOWERING RATIONALITY
Authors: Andreou Chrisoula 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper defends a version of the view that, sometimes, rational choice between two options can be grounded on a good reason whose justifying force does not depend on how the two options compare. The route via which this view is arrived at does not presuppose the existence of incomparable options, and so allows for common ground with skeptics about incomparability. Still, it requires that challenging cases be acknowledged and addressed, rather than abstracted from or assumed away. Ultimately, the reasoning provided suggests that rationality can handle quite a lot of messiness, which is important, since rationality wouldn’t be all that helpful if, whenever messiness threatened, we had to rush to its rescue rather than look to it for guidance.
CRITICAL INJUSTICE
Authors: Hazlett Allan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper I examine unjust deficits of criticism, or what I call cases of “critical injustice.” In paradigm cases of testimonial injustice, prejudice leads one person to give insufficient credibility to another. In paradigm cases of critical injustice, prejudice leads one person to offer insufficient criticism of another. Here I articulate the concept of critical injustice and give an explanation of why it is a species of injustice. I also describe a non-prejudicial species of critical injustice and discuss a possible tension between the goal of preventing testimonial injustice and the goal of preventing critical injustice.
ARNAULD’S GOD RECONSIDERED
Authors: Stencil Eric 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, I defend a novel interpretation of Antoine Arnauld’s conception of God, namely a partially hidden conception of God. I focus on divine simplicity and whether God acts for reasons. I argue that Arnauld holds the view that God, God’s action, and God’s attributes are (i) identical and (ii) conceptually distinct but that (iii) there are no conceptual priorities among them. Next, I argue that Arnauld’s view about whether God has any type of reasons is agnosticism but that there are certain types of reasons we know that God does not have, for example, practical reasons.
DIAIRESISANDKOINŌNIAINSOPHIST253D1–E3
Authors: Smith Colin C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHere I interpret a central passage in Plato’s Sophist by focusing on understudied elements that provide insight into the fit of the dialogue’s parts and of the Sophist–Statesman diptych as a whole. I argue that the Eleatic Stranger’s account of what the dialectician “adequately views” at Sophist 253d1–e3 involves both division and the communion of ontological kinds—not just one or the other as has usually been argued. I also consider other key passages and the turn throughout the dialogue from imagistic opining toward noetic understanding.
SHOULD ARISTOTELIANS ENDORSE THE HARM PRINCIPLE?
Authors: Paddock Caroline 
Published: February 2022

AbstractJ. S. Mill’s harm principle rules out, among other things, the criminalization of purely self-regarding conduct. I argue that Aristotle’s ideas, especially his claims about the interpersonal nature of justice and the importance of the “common good,” provide support for this antipaternalistic principle. I consider whether Aristotelians who are also theists can defend paternalistic and moralistic laws on the grounds that private wrongdoing is an injustice against God. I conclude that they cannot. Finally, I argue that antipaternalists have good reasons to reject individualism about the common good.
SPINNING THE WHORL OF THE SPINDLE
Authors: Corrias Anna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMarsilio Ficino (1433–99) was greatly intrigued by the questions on free will raised by the myth of Er in Plato’s Republic. By focusing on his Argumentum in Platonis Respublicam, this article discusses Ficino’s interpretation of the myth in light of his view on the faculties of the soul—intellect, reason, the imagination, and the vegetative power—and of how they become subject to providence or fate. Moreover, it will situate Ficino’s discussion of the myth within his understanding of the universe as an interconnected organism in which different levels of life are perfectly attuned with one another.
A PROBLEM IN DU CHÂTELET’S METAPHYSICAL FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICS
Authors: Slavov Matias 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
To provide metaphysical grounds for the physics of her time, Du Châtelet argued for the notion of an active force. This was different from the impressed force in Newton’s second law. The former force was a property of a body, whereas the latter was an external cause. I shall study this discrepancy and argue that the interactive concept of force in Newton’s third law is consistent with Du Châtelet’s standards for an intelligible physics. Consequently, the interaction entailed by the law of universal gravitation complies with Du Châtelet’s principles of human knowledge.
PETER OF PALUDE AND THE FIERY FURNACE
Authors: Toth Zita V. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAccording to most medieval thinkers, whenever something causally acts on another thing, God also acts with it. Durand of St.-Pourçain, an early fourteenth-century Dominican philosopher, disagrees. This paper is about a fourteenth-century objection to Durand’s view, which I will call the Fiery Furnace Objection, as formulated by Durand’s contemporary, Peter of Palude. Although Peter of Palude is not usually regarded as a particularly original thinker, this paper calls attention to one of his more interesting controversies with his fellow friar, while it also clarifies how some medieval thinkers understood the broadly speaking Aristotelian conviction that causes and effects are necessarily related.
ON SOME LEIBNIZIAN ARGUMENTS FOR THE PRINCIPLE OF SUFFICIENT REASON
Authors: Harrop Stephen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Leibniz often refers to the Principle of Sufficient Reason as something like a first principle. In some texts, however, he attempts to give positive arguments in its favor. I examine two such arguments and find them wanting. The first argument has two defects. First, it is question-begging; and, second, when the question-begging step is excised, the principle that one can derive is highly counterintuitive. The second argument is valid, but it has the defect of reaching only a nearly trivial conclusion.
REVISING GENERAL EDUCATION: ASSESSING A CRITICAL THINKING INSTRUCTIONAL MODEL IN THE BASIC COMMUNICATION COURSE
Authors: Mazer Joseph P. , Hunt Stephen K. , Kuznekoff Jeffrey H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study examined critical thinking instruction in a required introductory communication course (N = 324). Experimental group participants received enhanced instruction using various active learning strategies, activities, and assignments. Results indicate significant improvement in their critical thinking skills. Implications for pedagogy and general education course design and assessment are discussed.
Case Report: Methotrexate and Etoposide as Adjuvant Therapy on Patient with Hydatidiform Moles that Have Growing Rapidly Becomes Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia
Authors: Supriyono  
Published: February 2022

A hydatidiform mole is a type of placental abnormality that is associated with gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). It can be complete or partial mole. They are typically considered benign, but they are also premalignant, with the potential to become malignant and invasive to other organs (gestational trophoblastic neoplasia/GTN). Management of the hydatiform moles is curettage therapy and suction, which aims to therapy and diagnostic. Follow-up post evacuation of moles must be tight with serum hCG and clinical examination. When there is evidence of vaginal bleeding and an increase in serum hCG, chemotherapy must be used as an adjuvant. This case report intends to persuade clinicians that adjuvant therapy with chemotherapy combination-based Methotrexate/MTX and etoposide can recover and eliminate vaginal bleeding disorders. On her first pregnancy, a woman of 27 years old develops a complete hydatiform mole. The curettage and suction procedure were then performed twice. She also receives chemotherapy in three series of single MTX and three series of MTX plus Etoposide. Following this therapy, the patient recovers, normal hCG level and has no vaginal bleeding problems.
Application of Sobolev-Volterra projection and finite element numerical analysis of integral differential equations in modern art design
Authors: Tan Zheng , Albarakati Abdullah 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article uses the Spss statistical analysis software to establish a multiple linear regression model of short-term stock price changes in domestic agricultural listed companies. It uses a stable time series based on the ARMA model for stable agricultural value-added, fiscal expenditure and market interest rates. The regression method is used to study its impact on the stock price index. Compared with the existing stock forecasting methods, this method has simple data collection and no specific requirements for data selection, and the prediction results have a high degree of fit. Therefore, this method is suitable for most stocks.
Optimal preview repetitive control for impulse-free continuous-time descriptor systems
Authors: Lan Yong Hong , Zhao Jia Yu , Wang Zhao Hong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper concerns the design problem of optimal preview repetitive control (OPRC) for impulse-free continuous-time descriptor systems. First, by using a linear transformation, the descriptor system is transformed into a normal system with relatively low dimensionality and an algebraic system. Based on this, an augmented system which contains the error vector and the derivative of the normal system is constructed. Then, applying the lift technique and introducing a new performance index, the OPRC designing problem is converted into a regulation problem. Based on the optimal control theory, the regulator problem of the augmented system is solved. Furthermore, the explicit OPRC law for the original system is deduced. Different from the existing results, the preview feed-forward and error integral compensations are added into the OPRC system, which can significantly improve the tracking performance. Finally, a numerical example simulation result verifies the validity of the proposed method.
Efektifitas Pemberian Edukasi untuk Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Mengenai Pengobatan Asma dan Inhaler pada Apoteker Komunitas di Surabaya
Authors: Lorensia Amelia , Yudiarso Ananta , Syarifah Diana , Susanti Ni Wayan Deviani 
Published: February 2022

Pengobatan asma kurang optimal dapat disebabkan kurangnya pengetahuan dari apoteker sebagai tenaga kesehatan yang berperan memberikan informasi bagi pasien. Peran apoteker dibutuhkan karena apoteker berinteraksi langsung dengan pasien di apotek. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengetahuan apoteker dengan pengaruh edukasi yang diberikan mengenai asma dan inhaler di wilayah Surabaya. Metode penelitian adalah pra-eksperimen dengan desian studi one group pre-post-test. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuisioner mengenai asma dan alat inhaler yang dinilai sebelum dan sesudah edukasi. Edukasi dilakukan dalam bentuk educational meeting yang aktivitasnya berupa workshop dalam berbagai format yang berfokus pada pengetahuan apoteker terhadap penyakit asma dan inhaler dengan mengunjungi apoteker satu per satu. Pengambilan sampel dengan metode non random sampling, menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data yang diperoleh akan diolah dengan analisis deskriptif dan analisis inferensial dengan paired t-test. Dari hasil pengumpulan data, 68 apoteker komunitas bersedia mengisi kuisioner pre-test dan hanya 20 apoteker yang bersedia diedukasi serta mengisi kuisioner post-test. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh nilai p(0,000)?0,05 yang menunjukkan ada perbedaan signifikan antara pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah pemberian edukasi untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan asma dan inhaler. Meskipun efektif, namun terdapat beberapa materi pengetahuan yang tidak dapat ditingkatkan terutama mengenai penatalaksanaan asma, yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh kurangnya pengalaman dalam penanganan pasien asma di apotek.
Hubungan Kepatuhan Hemodialisis dengan Disfungsi Seksual Wanita Usia Subur di RSUD Ungaran
Authors: Kuway Yacomina , Sujana Tressia , Tampubolon Rifatolista 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Female patients with chronic kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis therapy have various health problems, one of which is sexual dysfunction. Sexual dysfunction was experienced in the form of sexual desire disorders, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain. This study aims to determine the relationship of hemodialysis compliance with sexual dysfunction of women of childbearing age at Ungaran District Hospital. The research design used is the quantitative correlation with a cross-sectional approach. The research sample is women of childbearing age with an age range of 25-34 years to 35-44 years. The results of the study with Chi-Square analysis showed a significance value (Sig) 0.542 (p = 1,000) or > 0.05 which means there was no significant relationship between hemodialysis adherence with sexual dysfunction of women of childbearing age at Ungaran District Hospital. the conclusion of this study is that factors such as lack of sexual desire are the main reason there is no relationship between the two variables.

Keywords: Female patients with chronic renal failure, hemodialysis compliance, sexual dysfunction.

Abstract

Pasien wanita gagal ginjal kronik yang menjalani terapi hemodialisis mempunyai berbagai masalah kesehatan, salah satunya ialah difungsi seksual. Disfungsi seksual yang dialami berupa gangguan keinginan seksual, gairah, pelumasan, orgasme, kepuasan dan nyeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kepatuhan hemodialisis dengan disfungsi seksual wanita usia subur di RSUD Ungaran. desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian ialah wanita usia subur dengan rentang usia 25-34 tahun hingga 35-44 tahun. Hasil penelitian dengan analisis Chi-Square menunjukan nilai signifikansi (Sig) 0,542 (p=1.000) atau > 0,05 yang berarti tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kepatuhan hemodialisis dengan disfungsi seksual wanita usia subur di RSUD Ungaran. kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah faktor seperti kurangnya keinginan seksual menjadi alasan utama tidak terdapat hubungan antara kedua variabel.
Kata Kunci: Pasien wanita gagal ginjal kronik, kepatuhan hemodialisis, disfungsi seksual.
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Fraksi Daun Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Qur’an Shindy Charisma Nur , Huda Choirul , Martha Rahma Diyan 
Published: February 2022

Staphylococcus aureus merupakan bakteri Gram positif yang memiliki habitat alami pada manusia dan mudah resisten terhadap antibiotik. Alternatif yang lebih aman untuk mengatasi masalah infeksi Staphylococcus aureus yaitu dengan memanfaatkan bahan aktif antimikroba dari tanaman obat. Salah satu tanaman yang dapat digunakan adalah eceng gondok. Eceng gondok merupakan tanaman yang memiliki kemampuan mengahambat aktivitas bakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri maserat ekstrak, fraksi teraktif dari fraksi etanol 96%, fraksi diklorometana, fraksi N-heksan dan konsentrasi optimum fraksi aktif daun eceng gondok terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Daun eceng gondok diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96% dan dilakukan proses fraksinasi menggunakan pelarut etanol, diklorometana dan N-heksan. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan metode difusi cakram kertas. Fraksi teraktif dilakukan seri konsentrasi 15%, 30%, dan 45%. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan maserat ekstrak daun eceng gondok memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dengan diameter rata-rata 10,3 mm. Fraksi etanol merupakan fraksi teraktif yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dengan hasil rata-rata diameter 21 mm. Konsentrasi optimum dari fraksi teraktif adalah konsentrasi 15% dengan diameter rata-rata 13,67 mm