bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential lines of black rice crossing with Jeliteng variety and their reciprocals
Authors: Nandariyah  , Yuniastuti E , Purwanto E , Astuti R D 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Climate change causes an increase in rice plant pests, one of them is brown planthopper. The effort through an assembly of black rice potential lines was made by mutation induction of Cempo Ireng black rice, but it’s only able to shorten the age of plant without being able to improve rice resistance to brown planthopper. Jeliteng as a new high yielding variety of black rice that is resistant to brown planthopper biotype 1 makes it worthy of being a potential parent source. Reciprocal crosses needed to be carried out to get offspring that have superior traits from both parents. This research aims to get F1 generation from the potential lines of black rice crossing with the Jeliteng variety and their reciprocals to improve local varieties of black rice. The research was conducted in the experimental field of the village of Gawanan, Sukoharjo Regency from August 2020 to April 2021. The planting materials were the Jeliteng variety as male parents while 6 potential lines of black rice 8, 13, 44, 46, 51, 52, and Cempo Ireng variety as female parents. Crosses were conducted by hand crossing technique on 14 sets. The data were analyzed descriptively and using the Chi-square test. The results showed that the crossing set could be crossed and produced fertile F1 generation. The length of grain, the width of grain, and the weight of a grain of the F1 varied in all sets. The skin colour of the F1 generation in all sets was mostly straw yellow with brown spots.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas emission based on land use types of peatland in Kinali, West Pasaman Regency
Authors: Dwi Syahputri Septia , Hermansah  , Yulnafatmawita  
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Carbon dioxide gas which is one of the greenhouse gases stated at Kyoto Protokol in 1997 can come from peatland. Conversion of peatland into farming land can accelerate the decomposition process of OM which will emit carbon dioxide gas (CO2) into the atmosphere. This study was aimed to measure CO2 emission from several types of peatland in Kinali District, West Pasaman Regency, West Sumatra Province. The research was conducted using a survey method based on the land use type (purposive sampling). The measurement of CO2 was conducted in the field using an infrared non-dispersive sensor (NDIR) found in the Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Monitor tool. Soil properties analyzed were organic-C, total N, and C/N ratio. The results showed that the different use in peatland has no significant effect on the value of CO2 emission. Carbon dioxide emission has a positive correlation (r = 0.68) with soil organic carbon content. The highest average of CO2 emission was 0.92 g/m2/d (under oil palm plantation) from soil surface and 1.56 g/m2/d (under seasonal cropland) from the surface of soil on 30 cm depth. The lowest CO2 emission was 0.68 g/m2/d (under mixed garden) from both soil surfaces.
The legal framework for climate change on power generating policy in Indonesia
Authors: Maskun  , Napang Marthen , Susyanti Nur Sri , Achmad  , Naswar  , Ilmar A , Assidiq H 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The energy sector is the second largest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions after agriculture and forestry. The issue of increasing greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the 35,000-Megawatt power plant program is undoubtedly related to Indonesia’s commitment to the 2015 Paris Agreement. The purpose of this study is to identify the legal framework of the Indonesian government’s policy towards the 35,000-Megawatt power generation program. The method used is normative legal research conducted by reviewing various power generating-related legal instruments and principles in Indonesia. The results show that constructing a power plant based on coal will affect Indonesia’s commitments in the 2015 Paris Agreement. Indonesia has not yet passed the draft Renewable Energy Law; therefore, it is necessary to harmonize some Indonesian legal instruments to deal with this issue. In connection to climate change, coal is one of the significant contributors to climate change. The National Electricity Company (PLN) and IPP power plants need to increase electricity growth by 8.6%, increasing the number of power plants to 80,538 MW from 48,000 MW. In this case, the need for coal fuel in power plants is 60%, the rest comes from new renewable energy (water, geothermal, and solar) by 5%, and the remaining 45% comes from other premier fuels (diesel and petroleum).
Electroless Ni–P–B coatings on magnesium alloy AZ91D: influence of nano Al2O3 on corrosion, wear, and hardness behaviour
Authors: Lakavat Motilal , Bhaumik Amiya , Gandi Suman , Parne Sadi Reddy 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study examines the effect of nano Al2O3 additions on the corrosion, wear, and hardness properties of an electroless Ni–P–B protective coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy. In this work, nano alumina particles with a diameter of 40–50 nm and a weight percentage of 1, 2, and 3% were used in an alkaline Ni–P–B electroless bath. The surface morphology of the nano-composite coating was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the crystalline structure of the coating was examined by x-ray diffractometer (XRD). The inclusion of alumina nanoparticles, an electroless deposit produces a homogeneous coating on the AZ91D magnesium alloy surfaces. The experimental results show that incorporating 2 wt% alumina nanoparticles into an electroless Ni–P–B coating increases microhardness (986.4-VHN200), specific wear rate (1.2 × 10–10 Kg N−1m−1) and has the lowest average friction coefficient (0.08) when compared to other coated and uncoated samples. Electrochemical polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) tests in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution were used to investigate the corrosion resistance of various nano Al2O3 additive Ni–P–B coatings on Mg alloy surfaces. Potentiodynamic polarisation studies show that 2 wt% of nano Al2O3 incorporation in Ni–P–B coating on magnesium substrates has good corrosion resistance, with the coating resulting in the lowest corrosion rate (icorr = 1.47 × 10–8 A cm−2) and the most positive corrosion potential (Ecorr = 0.55 V).
Low-voltage flexible organic transistors based on a water-soluble natural gate dielectric exhibiting high-performance and stability
Authors: Konwar Gargi , Saxena Pulkit , Raghuwanshi Vivek , Rahi Sachin , Tiwari Shree Prakash 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The use of natural material components in organic devices increases nature friendliness and biodegradability. In this paper, water-soluble natural protein gelatin is explored as a gate dielectric for demonstration of high performance and low voltage (−3 V) operation in flexible organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). The fabricated p-channel devices showed excellent electrical characteristics of maximum field-effect mobility up to 3.0 cm2 V−1 s−1, high current on/off ratios, low subthreshold swing, and nearly zero threshold voltage due to the high-quality dielectric semiconductor interface achieved through optimized processes of fabricating flexible OFET devices. These devices exhibited very high operational stability as confirmed by various stability tests including bias-stress, repeatability, electromechanical stability, cyclic stability, and long-term ambient stability. For electromechanical stability, no significant changes in the performance were observed upon application of compressive and tensile strain due to bending. A very high environmental stability with almost unchanged electrical characteristics over 24 weeks was demonstrated. Further, circuit applicability was analyzed by switching characteristics from resistive load inverters. These results indicate gelatin as a promising biodegradable dielectric candidate for low voltage flexible OFETs.
Measuring the reliability of SDG 7: the reasons, timing, and fairness of outage distribution for household electricity access solutions
Authors: Ferrall Isa , Callaway Duncan , Kammen Daniel M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The United Nations identifies ensuring ‘access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all’ as one of its Sustainable Development Goals for 2030. This article focuses on the comparatively under-investigated question of reliability within the broader goal. We empirically study experienced household electricity reliability using common frameworks in key countries such as Tanzania, Kenya, and India. Datasets represent a diverse set of technologies including solar home systems (SHS), solar pico-grids, and national electricity grids. First, the prevailing reliability metrics—SAIDI and SAIFI—are measured for all datasets. Informed by critical assessments, this article then proposes a suite of new metrics that facilitate improved reliability comparisons by considering the reasons, timing, and fairness of outage distribution. Analyses using our proposed metrics reveal key policy implications for addressing energy poverty in the Global South. Acknowledging that the systems studied provide different capacity, affordability, and carbon footprints, we find that on average, SHS provided comparable hours of lighting to local grid connections, however SHS outages were less equally distributed than those from other sources. In addition, calculations of grid reliability were highly sensitive to measurement techniques and assumptions used, necessitating high resolution data for policy decisions. Finally, economically driven outages conspicuous in pre-paid SHS systems (i.e., disconnections for non-payment) composed a significant portion of experienced unreliability. These findings quantify the important contribution of demand-side affordability to experienced household reliability, thereby allowing for a comprehensive understanding of the reliability of SDG 7.
Effects of Social Control on Eating and Relational Behaviors in Romantic Relationships
Authors: Huelsnitz Chloe O , Rothman Alexander J , Simpson Jeffry A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Prior research has shown that social control strategies can have either positive or negative effects on individuals’ health behaviors. However, no research has examined the degree to which social control attempts enacted by romantic partners are associated with individuals’ relational behaviors or whether perceptions of a partner’s motivation to engage in social control moderate links between the use of social control and either health or relational behaviors.

Purpose
This study investigated (a) the degree to which two classes of social control strategies that romantic partners can use to improve their partners’ eating behavior (autonomy-supportive and autonomy-limiting strategies) are associated with eating and relational behaviors, and (b) whether perceptions of the partner’s motivation for using social control moderate associations between its use and an individual’s eating and relational behavior.

Methods
This study had a daily diary design. One hundred and forty-seven individuals in romantic relationships completed surveys for 14 consecutive days.

Results
On days when individuals reported that their partner used autonomy-supportive social control strategies, individuals reported healthier eating and more constructive relational behaviors. There were no effects of autonomy-limiting strategies on eating or relational behavior. Perceptions of a partner’s motives did not moderate associations between reported social control and any behavioral outcomes. Moreover, there were no effects of either reported social control strategies or partner motive perceptions across time.

Conclusion
Romantic partners’ perceived use of autonomy-supportive—but not autonomy-limiting—social control has benefits for individuals’ health behaviors without incurring notable costs to their romantic relationship.
Coalitions among Plaintiffs’ Attorneys in Securities Class Actions
Authors: Choi Stephen J , Erickson Jessica , Pritchard Adam C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article examines contests among plaintiffs’ law firms to become lead counsel in securities fraud class actions. We study lead counsel appointments in all federal securities class actions from 2005 to 2016. Although the typical class action has several lead plaintiff motions, many of these motions will either withdraw or combine before the judge chooses the lead plaintiff and lead counsel. We find that law firms’ decisions to combine correspond primarily with the existence of relationships between law firms rather than case characteristics. When motions combine, the number of selected lead counsel typically increases. We also find that the correspondence of prior relationships between law firms on decisions to withdraw or combine does not increase with our proxies for the importance of synergies between law firms.
Fingerprints of climatic changes through the late Cenozoic in southern Asian flora: Magnolia section Michelia (Magnoliaceae)
Authors: Zhao Nan , Park Suhyeon , Zhang Yu-Qu , Nie Ze-Long , Ge Xue-Jun , Kim Sangtae , Yan Hai-Fei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Ongoing global warming is a challenge for humankind. A series of drastic climatic changes have been proven to have occurred throughout the Cenozoic based on a variety of geological evidence, which helps to better understand our planet’s future climate. Notably, extant biomes have recorded drastic environmental shifts. The climate in southern Asia, which hosts high biodiversity, is deeply impacted by the Asian monsoon. The origins and evolutionary dynamics of biomes occurring between the tropics and sub-tropics in southern Asia have probably been deeply impacted by climatic changes; however, these aspects remain poorly studied. We tested whether the evolutionary dynamics of the above biomes have recorded the drastic, late Cenozoic environmental shifts, by focusing on Magnolia section Michelia of the family Magnoliaceae.

Methods
We established a fine time-calibrated phylogeny of M. section Michelia based on complete plastid genomes and inferred its ancestral ranges. Finally, we estimated the evolutionary dynamics of this section through time, determining its diversification rate and the dispersal events that occurred between tropical and sub-tropical areas.

Key Results
The tropical origin of M. section Michelia was dated to the late Oligocene; however, the diversification of its core group (i.e. M. section Michelia subsection Michelia) has occurred mainly from the late Miocene onward. Two key evolutionary shifts (dated approx. 8 and approx. 3 million years ago, respectively) were identified, each of them probably in response to drastic climatic changes.

Conclusion
Here, we inferred the underlying evolutionary dynamics of biomes in southern Asia, which probably reflect late Cenozoic climatic changes. The occurrence of modern Asian monsoons was probably fundamental for the origin of M. section Michelia; moreover, the occurrence of asymmetric dispersal events between the tropics and sub-tropics hint at an adaptation strategy of M. section Michelia to global cooling, in agreement with the tropical conservatism hypothesis.
The Effect of a Novel Platysma Hammock Flap During Extended Deep Plane Facelift on the Signs of Aging in the Neck
Authors: Jacono Andrew A , Alemi A Sean , Harmon Jeffrey Joseph , Ahmedli Nigar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Aging changes in the neck, including platysma banding (PB), skin laxity (SL), and submandibular gland visibility (SGV), have a high degree of recurrence after rhytidectomy.

Objectives
The authors sought to assess the long-term improvement in PB, SL, and SGV with addition of aplatysmal hammock flap to the extended deep-plane facelift and assess patient satisfaction.

Methods
This was a prospective study of 123 consecutive patients undergoing extended deep-plane facelift incorporating platysma hammock flap with or without midline platysmaplasty. Standard 2-dimensional patient photographs were employed to assess PB, SL, and SGV preoperative and &gt;12 months postoperative. A 1-year postoperative patient satisfaction survey was conducted.

Results
The platysmal hammock flap without midline platysmaplasty cohort had a significant (P &lt; 0.01) reduction in mean preoperative PB, SL, and SGV scores from 1.03, 1.88, and 1.21 to 0.06, 0.03, and 0.15 at 21 months. The platysmal hammock flap with midline platysmaplasty cohort had a significant (P &lt; 0.01) reduction in preoperative PB, SL, and SGV scores from 1.81, 2.43, and 1.81 to 0.10, 0.15, and 0.48 at 18 months. The platysmal hammock flap with and without midline platysmaplasty cohorts had 96.2% and 88.9% satisfaction, respectively.

Conclusions
Extended deep-plane facelift with a platysmal hammock flap achieves long-term, sustained improvements in PB, SL, and SGV; is well-tolerated; and results in substantial patient satisfaction.

Level of Evidence: 4
Patient-level costs of staged unilateral versus immediate bilateral symmetrization mammoplasty in breast-conserving surgery
Authors: Grant Yasmin , Thiruchelvam Paul T. R. , Kovacevic Lana , Mossialos Elias , Al-Mufti Ragheed , Hogben Katy , Hadjiminas Dimitri J. , Leff Daniel R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Following therapeutic mammoplasty (TM), the contralateral breast may require a later balancing procedure to optimize shape and symmetry. The alternative is to offer patients simultaneous TM with immediate contralateral symmetrization via a dual-surgeon approach, with the goal of reducing costs and minimizing the number of subsequent hospital appointments in an era of COVID-19 surges. The aim of this cost–consequence analysis is to characterize the cost–benefit of immediate bilateral symmetrization dual-operator mammoplasty versus staged unilateral single operator for breast cancer surgery.

Method
A prospective single-centre observational study was conducted at an academic teaching centre for breast cancer surgery in the UK. Pseudonymized data for clinicopathological variables and procedural care information, including the type of initial breast-conserving surgery and subsequent reoperation(s), were extracted from the electronic patient record. Financial data were retrieved using the Patient-Level Information and Costing Systems.

Results
Between April 2014 and March 2020, 232 women received either immediate bilateral (n = 44), staged unilateral (n = 57) for breast cancer, or unilateral mammoplasty alone (n = 131). The median (interquartile range (i.q.r.)) additional cost of unilateral mammoplasty with staged versus immediate bilateral mammoplasty was €5500 (€4330 to €6570) per patient (P &lt; 0.001), which represents a total supplementary financial burden of €313 462 to the study institution. There was no significant difference between groups in age, Charlson comorbidity index, operating minutes, time to adjuvant radiotherapy in months, or duration of hospital stay.

Conclusion
Synchronous dual-surgeon immediate bilateral TM can deliver safe immediate symmetrization and is financially beneficial, without delay to receipt of adjuvant therapy, or additional postoperative morbidity.
How (Not) to Purchase Novel Goods and Services: Specific Performance Versus at-will Contracts
Authors: Schmitz Patrick W 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A buyer wants to purchase an innovative good from a seller. Both parties are risk-neutral, and payments from the buyer to the seller must be non-negative. After the contract is signed, the seller privately observes a signal which may be informative about the seller’s costs. We compare two contracting regimes. In the case of specific performance, the courts enforce the contractually specified trade level. In the case of at-will contracting, the seller is free to walk away from the contract after observing the signal. The optimal regime from an economic efficiency point-of-view depends on the informativeness of the signal.
A Nearly Neutral Model of Molecular Signatures of Natural Selection after Change in Population Size
Authors: Müller Rebekka , Kaj Ingemar , Mugal Carina F. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The nearly neutral theory is a common framework to describe natural selection at the molecular level. This theory emphasizes the importance of slightly deleterious mutations by recognizing their ability to segregate and eventually get fixed due to genetic drift in spite of the presence of purifying selection. As genetic drift is stronger in smaller than in larger populations, a correlation between population size and molecular measures of natural selection is expected within the nearly neutral theory. However, this hypothesis was originally formulated under equilibrium conditions. As most natural populations are not in equilibrium, testing the relationship empirically may lead to confounded outcomes. Demographic nonequilibria, for instance following a change in population size, are common scenarios that are expected to push the selection–drift relationship off equilibrium. By explicitly modeling the effects of a change in population size on allele frequency trajectories in the Poisson random field framework, we obtain analytical solutions of the nonstationary allele frequency spectrum. This enables us to derive exact results of measures of natural selection and effective population size in a demographic nonequilibrium. The study of their time-dependent relationship reveals a substantial deviation from the equilibrium selection–drift balance after a change in population size. Moreover, we show that the deviation is sensitive to the combination of different measures. These results therefore constitute relevant tools for empirical studies to choose suitable measures for investigating the selection–drift relationship in natural populations. Additionally, our new modeling approach extends existing population genetics theory and can serve as foundation for methodological developments.
Complete Sequence of a 641-kb Insertion of Mitochondrial DNA in the Arabidopsis thaliana Nuclear Genome
Authors: Fields Peter D. , Waneka Gus , Naish Matthew , Schatz Michael C. , Henderson Ian R. , Sloan Daniel B. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Intracellular transfers of mitochondrial DNA continue to shape nuclear genomes. Chromosome 2 of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana contains one of the largest known nuclear insertions of mitochondrial DNA (numts). Estimated at over 600 kb in size, this numt is larger than the entire Arabidopsis mitochondrial genome. The primary Arabidopsis nuclear reference genome contains less than half of the numt because of its structural complexity and repetitiveness. Recent data sets generated with improved long-read sequencing technologies (PacBio HiFi) provide an opportunity to finally determine the accurate sequence and structure of this numt. We performed a de novo assembly using sequencing data from recent initiatives to span the Arabidopsis centromeres, producing a gap-free sequence of the Chromosome 2 numt, which is 641 kb in length and has 99.933% nucleotide sequence identity with the actual mitochondrial genome. The numt assembly is consistent with the repetitive structure previously predicted from fiber-based fluorescent in situ hybridization. Nanopore sequencing data indicate that the numt has high levels of cytosine methylation, helping to explain its biased spectrum of nucleotide sequence divergence and supporting previous inferences that it is transcriptionally inactive. The original numt insertion appears to have involved multiple mitochondrial DNA copies with alternative structures that subsequently underwent an additional duplication event within the nuclear genome. This work provides insights into numt evolution, addresses one of the last unresolved regions of the Arabidopsis reference genome, and represents a resource for distinguishing between highly similar numt and mitochondrial sequences in studies of transcription, epigenetic modifications, and de novo mutations.