bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk stratification in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Looking beyond the left side myocardial function
Authors: Chang Hao-Chih , Cheng Hao-Min , Kuo Ling , Lee Dan-Ying , Sung Shih-Hsien , Chen Chen-Huan , Yu Wen-Chung 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have heterogeneous outcomes. As risk stratification mostly focuses on left-side myocardial function, we sought to investigate the prognostic value of right ventricular (RV) function in patients with HCM.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study included patients with HCM. Conventional ventricular functional parameters, including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and fractional area change were obtained. The longitudinal strain was analyzed using the speckle tracking method. The primary endpoint was defined as a composite of hospitalization for heart failure, sustained ventricular tachycardia, or all-cause death.

Results:
A total of 56 patients with HCM (aged 58.0 ± 14.9 years, 64.3% male) were included. After a mean follow-up duration of 30.1 ± 17.4 months, primary endpoints developed in 10 (20%) of 50 patients who were treated medically. Patients with cardiovascular events had a more reduced LV thickest segmental strain, worse TAPSE, and more impaired RV free wall strain. After adjusting for age, sex, and LVEF, TAPSE (hazard ratio [HR], 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 0.24, 0.06-0.93) and RV free wall strain (HR, 95% CIs:1.12, 1.03-1.21) remained independent prognostic predictors. Incorporating either TAPSE or RV free wall strain provides incremental prognostic value to the LV strain alone (net reclassification improvement by 31.4% and 34.1%, respectively, both p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
RV function assessed by TAPSE or RV free wall strain is predictive of subsequent cardiac events, suggesting that a comprehensive evaluation of RV function is useful for risk stratification in patients with HCM.
Lipid management to mitigate poorer postkidney transplant outcomes
Authors: Skulratanasak Peenida , Larpparisuth Nuttasith 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
Lipid disorder is a prevalent complication in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) resulting in cardiovascular disease (CVD), which influences on patient outcomes. Immunosuppressive therapy demonstrated the major detrimental effects on metabolic disturbances. This review will focus on the effect of immunosuppressive drugs, lipid-lowering agents with current management, and future perspectives for lipid management in KTRs.

Recent findings
The main pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia indicates an increase in lipoprotein synthesis whilst the clearance of lipid pathways declines. Optimization of immunosuppression is a reasonable therapeutic strategy for lipid management regarding immunologic risk. Additionally, statin is the first-line lipid-lowering drug, followed by a combination with ezetimibe to achieve the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goal. However, drug interaction between statins and immunosuppressive medications should be considered because both are mainly metabolized through cytochrome P450 3A4. The prevalence of statin toxicity was significantly higher when concomitantly prescribed with cyclosporin, than with tacrolimus.

Summary
To improve cardiovascular outcomes, LDL-C should be controlled at the target level. Initiation statin at a low dose and meticulous titration is crucial in KTRs. Novel therapy with proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, which is highly effective in reducing LDL-C and cardiovascular complications, and might prove to be promising therapy for KTRs with statin resistance or intolerance.
Individual and household factors associated with non-disclosure of positive HIV status in a population-based HIV serosurvey
Authors: Lawton Jonathan , Lavoie Marie-Claude , Bashorun Adebobola , Dalhatu Ibrahim , Jahun Ibrahim , Agbakwuru Chinedu , Boyd Mary , Stafford Kristen , Swaminathan Mahesh , Aliyu Gambo , Charurat Manhattan 
Published: October 2022

Objectives:
Non-disclosure of positive HIV status in population-based surveys causes underestimation of national HIV diagnosis and biases inferences about engagement in the care continuum. This study investigated individual and household factors associated with HIV non-disclosure to survey interviewers in Nigeria.

Design:
Secondary analysis of a cross sectional population-based household HIV survey.

Methods:
We analyzed data from adults aged 15–64 years who tested positive for HIV and had antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) in their blood from a nationally representative HIV sero-survey conducted in Nigeria in 2018. We considered ARV use as a proxy for knowledge of HIV diagnosis; thus, respondents who self-reported to be unaware of their HIV status were classified as non-disclosers. We estimated the associations between non-disclosure and various sociodemographic, clinical, and household characteristics using weighted logistic regression.

Results:
Among 1266 respondents living with HIV who were taking ARVs, 503 (40%) did not disclose their HIV status to interviewers. In multivariable statistical analyses, the adjusted odds of non-disclosure were highest among respondents aged 15–24 years, those with less than a primary school education, and those who were the only person living with HIV in their household.

Conclusions:
Non-disclosure of positive HIV status to survey personnel is common among adults who are receiving treatment in Nigeria. These findings highlight the importance of validating self-reported HIV status in surveys using biomarkers of ARV use. Meanwhile, it is crucial to improve disclosure by strengthening interview procedures and tailoring strategies towards groups that are disproportionately likely to underreport HIV diagnoses.
The Serotonergic Neural Circuit Between The Dorsal Raphe Nucleus And The Basolateral Amygdala Is Implicated In Modulating The Arousal from Sevoflurane Anesthesia
Authors: Yu Qian , Gu LeYuan , Lian XiTing , Wang YuLing , Xu Qing , Ma HaiXiang , Liu Lu , Shao WeiHui , GU JiaXuan , Shen Yue , Chen LiHai , Zhang HongHai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough some advancements concerning the arousal involved in mediating the delayed emergency from general anesthesia, which will lead to the serious complications, had been made, the role by arousal in modulating in delayed emergency still remains to be unclear. In our models, based on our previous working that activation of the 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) by optogenetics can significantly reduce the emergency time by activating arousal pathway, we further test whether the serotonergic neural circuit between the DRN and the basolateral amygdala (BLA) is implicated in modulating the arousal from the sevoflurane anesthesia and the emergency time of sevoflurane anesthesia by the pharmacological, optogenetics and fiber photometry. Our findings showed that whether the serotonergic neural circuit between the DRN and the basolateral amygdala (BLA) plays a key role in modulating the arousal from the sevoflurane anesthesia and the emergency time of sevoflurane anesthesia. Based on the serotonergic neural circuit, the 5-HT 1 A receptor is of great significance to mediate the arousal and the emergency time of the sevoflurane anesthesia.Graphical AbstractFigure1
Health and Policy Associations of Homelessness in the United States
Authors: Awasthi Raghav , Saxena Vibhor , Nagori Aditya , Dhingra Lovedeep Singh , Puntambekar Varad , Sethi Tavpritesh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractImportanceHomelessness is a complex challenge with an estimated yearly economic burden of $6 billion in the United States. Mitigating homelessness requires an understanding of determinants of homelessness, their interaction with health factors, and quantification of impact.ObjectiveTo investigate the health, social and policy factors influencing homelessness in a longitudinal integrative machine learning analysis.Data Sources and Study designThis retrospective longitudinal study integrated Global Burden of Disease (GBD), Health Inequality, and Housing and Urban Development (HUD) datasets for 3131 counties in the United States. We used the disease burden data of 2014, health inequalities data of 2001-2014, and homelessness count of 2015.Primary Outcome and Measurement ResultsHomelessness, the burden of disease, health inequalities, economic policies, ethnic, social, and racial factors.MethodsSpearman rank correlation test was performed to check pairwise associations. A unified probabilistic model with temporal causality was fitted using a data-driven structure learning algorithm. The resulting associations adjusted for other variables in the network were quantified using network inference algorithms. Finally, counterfactual analysis was performed to quantify the potential impact of the learned interventions.ResultsThe total burden of homelessness was significantly (p<0.001) and positively associated with rates of HIV and hepatitis mortality. Inference from the unified probabilistic model indicated that a state with a high hepatitis mortality rate had a 9% higher homelessness. Further, the rate of rheumatic heart disease mortality had a 29% decrease with the provision of shelter in young adults experiencing homelessness (p<0.001). Finally, states with moderate tax progressivity had a mitigating effect on homelessness as compared to both high and low tax progressivity (2% and 5% respectively). We evaluated the counterfactual impact of policy interventions to provide more support to cancer patients to prevent homeless and provision of shelter to prevent rheumatic heart disease mortality in young adults experiencing homelessness.Conclusion and RelevanceControl of infectious diseases and the implementation of tax policies are critical interventions for the reduction of homelessness in the United States.Key PointsHomelessness, Bayesian Network, Counterfactual AnalysisQuestionWhat are the health associations and determinants of homelessness in the United States?FindingIn this study on 3131 US Counties, we found infectious diseases mortality and tax progressivity to be strong determinants of homelessness using a Bayesian network model.MeaningThese findings suggest that decreasing the burden of infectious diseases and moderate tax progressivity are vital factors for mitigating homelessness in the United States.
Neural mechanisms of musical syntax and tonality, and the effect of musicianship
Authors: Jiang Lei , Zhang Ruiqing , Tao Lily , Zhang Yuxin , Zhou Yongdi , Cai Qing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe neural basis for the processing of musical syntax has previously been examined almost exclusively in classical tonal music, which is characterized by strictly organized hierarchical structure. The present study investigated the neural mechanisms for processing musical syntax across genres varying in tonality - classical, impressionist, and atonal music - and, in addition, examined how musicianship modulates such processing. Results showed that, first, the dorsal stream, including bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus, plays a key role in the perception of tonality. Second, right fronto-temporal regions were crucial in allowing musicians to outperform non-musicians in musical syntactic processing; musicians also benefit from a cortical-subcortical network including pallidum and cerebellum, suggesting more auditory–motor interaction in musicians than in non-musicians. Third, left pars triangularis carries out on-line computations independently of tonality and musicianship, whereas right pars triangularis is sensitive to tonality and partly dependent on musicianship. Finally, unlike tonal music, processing of atonal music could not be differentiated from that of scrambled notes, both behaviorally and neurally, even among musicians. The present study highlights the importance of studying varying music genres and experience levels, and provides a better understanding of musical syntax and tonality processing and how such processing is modulated by music experience.
Genetic and histological correlation between the musk gland and skin of Chinese forest musk deer
Authors: Li Long , Cao Heran , Yang Jinmeng , Ma Yuxuan , Jin Tianqi , Wang Yang , Li Zhenpeng , Chen Yining , Gao Huihui , Zhu Chao , Yang Tianhao , Deng Yalong , Yang Fangxia , Dong Wuzi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChinese forest musk deer (FMD,Moschus berezovskii) glands have the ability to secrete musk, which plays an important role in attracting females during the breeding season. Sebaceous glands (SGs) are exocrine skin glands associated with hair follicles that continuously release a mixture of sebum, lipids and cellular debris, by holocrine secretion. Both the musk glands and the skin tissues of the FMD contain abundant sebaceous glands, andSox9, Caveolin1, andAndrogen receptor(AR) are all involved in the regulation of sebum secretion by the sebaceous glands. However, there are fewer studies on the correlation between skin and musk glands and the expression ofSox9, Caveolin1, andARin the musk glands and skin tissue of FMD. To address this gap, we analyzed biochemical data from FMD skin tissues and musk glands using transcriptomic data, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), tissue dissection, and RT-qPCR. Anatomical results show that only adult male FMD had complete glandular part and sachets, while 4-month-old FMD do not have well-developed sachets. Transcriptomic data showed that 88.24% of genes were co-expressed in the skin and musk glands tissues of FMD. The WB, IHC, and RT-qPCR results showed that the genes involved in regulating sebum secretion,Sox9, Caveolin1, andARwere expressed in the skin tissues and musk glands. In summary, skin tissues and musk glands tissue have a strong correlation, andSox9, Caveolin1, andARmay play important roles in skin tissues and musk glands tissue.
Directed evolution of aerotolerance in sulfide-dependent thiazole synthases
Authors: Van Gelder Kristen , Oliveira-Filho Edmar R. , García-García Jorge Donato , Hu You , Bruner Steven D. , Hanson Andrew D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSulfide-dependent THI4 thiazole synthases could potentially be used to replace plant cysteine-dependent suicide THI4s, whose high protein turnover rates make thiamin synthesis exceptionally energy-expensive. However, sulfide-dependent THI4s are anaerobic or microoxic enzymes and hence unadapted to the aerobic conditions in plants; they are also slow enzymes (kcat<1 h-1). To improve aerotolerance and activity, we applied continuous directed evolution under aerobic conditions in the yeast OrthoRep system to two sulfide-dependent bacterial THI4s. Six beneficial single mutations were identified, of which five lie in the active-site cleft predicted by structural modeling and two recapitulate features of naturally aerotolerant THI4s. That single mutations gave substantial improvements suggests that further advance under selection will be possible by stacking mutations. This proof-of-concept study established that the performance of sulfide-dependent THI4s in aerobic conditions is evolvable and, more generally, that yeast OrthoRep provides a plant-like bridge to adapt nonplant enzymes to work better in plants.
Turn-on Rate Determines the Blinking Propensity of Rhodamine Fluorophores for Super-Resolution Imaging
Authors: Zheng Ying , Ye Zhiwei , Xiao Yi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLive-cell single-molecule localization microscopy has advanced with the development of self-blinking rhodamines. A pKcyclingof <6 is recognized as the criterion for self-blinking, yet partial rhodamines matching the standard fail for super-resolution reconstruction. To resolve this controversy, we constructed two typical self-blinking rhodamines (pKcycling= 5.67, 5.35) and a tetramethylsulfonamide rhodamine with unfit pKcyclingcharacteristic (7.00). Kinetic study uncovered slow equilibrium rates and limited blink numbers resulted in the reconstruction failure of partial rhodamines. From the kinetic disparity, a turn-on rate was abstracted to reveal the natural blinking frequency. The new parameter independent from applying laser satisfactorily explained the imaging failure, efficacious for determining the propensity of self-blinking from a kinetic perspective. Following the prediction from this parameter, the tetramethylsulfonamide rhodamine enabled live-cell super-resolution imaging of various organelles through Halo-tag technology. It is convinced that the turn-on rate would be a practical indicator of self-blinking and imaging performance.
Credit booms and bank risk in Southeast Asian countries: does credit information sharing matter?
Authors: Tran Son , Nguyen Dat , Nguyen Khuong , Nguyen Liem 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThis study investigates the relationship between credit booms and bank risk in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries, with credit information sharing acting as a moderator.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a two-step System Generalized Method of Moments (SGMM) estimator on a sample of 79 listed banks in 5 developing ASEAN countries: Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam in the period 2006–2019. In addition, the authors perform robustness tests with different proxies for credit booms and bank risk. The data are collected on an annual basis.FindingsBank risk is positively related to credit booms and is negatively associated with credit information sharing. Further, credit information sharing reduces the detrimental effect of credit booms on bank stability. The authors find that both public credit registries and private credit bureaus are effective in enhancing bank stability in ASEAN countries. These results are robust to regression models with alternative proxies for credit booms and bank risk.Research limitations/implicationsBanks in ASEAN countries tend to have strong lending growth to support the economy, but this could be detrimental to stability of the sector. Credit information sharing schemes should be encouraged because these schemes might enable growth of credit without compromising bank stability. Therefore, policymakers could promote private credit bureaus (PCB) and public credit registries (PCR) to realize their benefits. The authors' research focuses on developing ASEAN countries, but future research could provide more evidence by expanding this study to other emerging economies. In-depth interviews and surveys with bankers and regulatory bodies about these concerns could provide additional insights in the future.Originality/valueThe study is the first to examine the role of PCB and PCR in alleviating the negative impact of credit booms on bank risk. Furthermore, the authors use both accounting-based and market-based risk measures to provide a fuller view of the impact. Finally, there is little evidence on the link between credit booms, credit information sharing and bank risk in ASEAN, so the authors aim to fill this gap.
Are consumers influenced by the use of green practices in five-star hotels: an assessment of guest's revisit intentions, inclusive ratings and hotel performance
Authors: Gupta Vikas , Sajnani Manohar , Dixit Saurabh Kumar , Mishra Abhinav , Gani Mohammad Osman 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
This study aims to find out the influence of green practices used by the five-star hotels on the guest’s online hotel assessment and their revisit intentions. It also evaluated how the use of green practices by the hotels influenced the guest’s willingness to pay a premium price. Apart from the conventional hotel service attributes, this study also identified some new and innovative services offered by the hotels which have an overall effect on the guest’s revisit intentions.

Design/methodology/approach
This study applied focus group interviews from 12 hotel managers and accessed the hotel’s internal database to identify the latest and innovative service attributes offered by the hotels. The information regarding the green practices offered by the hotels was collected through TripAdvisor and LEED-IGBC website. It identified 10 independent and four dependent variables based on previous literature. Guest’s revisit intentions were measured on a five-point Likert scale. Data was analysed using a multi-step hierarchical regression model.

Findings
The use of green practices by the hotels revealed a positive and significant influence on the guest’s revisit-intentions and their intention to pay a premium price. It was also found that the use of new and innovative green practices has a positive influence on the guest’s overall online evaluation of the hotel.

Practical implications
This study suggests that the amalgamation of green practices along with the conventional service attributes may help in the incremental revisit and online hotel assessment intentions, which might be of use for the managers and hotel policymakers.

Originality/value
Although previous studies have explored the conventional hotel service attributes in the context of Indian Hotel industry, this is one of the first studies which discussed the influence of recent and emerging hotel service attributes on the guest’s revisit and pay a premium price intention. Moreover, the influence of green practices on the guest’s overall online evaluation of the five-star hotels in Delhi was discussed in this study which was not performed before.
The relationship between city size, decentralisation and economic growth
Authors: Clifford John Paul , Doran Justin , Crowley Frank , Jordan Declan 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThis article examines the links between average city size, fiscal decentralisation, and national economic growth in 33 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries.Design/methodology/approachThe data in this paper comprise an unbalanced panel dataset which contains economic growth indicators, average city size, fiscal decentralisation indicators and control variables in 33 OECD member countries from 1975 to 2015 in five-year intervals. Fixed-effects (FE) estimators are used for the analysis.FindingsThis research finds i) countries with larger weighted average city sizes have higher economic growth, ii) countries with greater fiscal decentralisation have higher economic growth, but iii) countries with larger weighted average city sizes with greater decentralisation have lower rates of economic growth.Originality/valueThe research highlights the importance of agglomerations and decentralised governance and management for economic growth. While the findings are consistent with previous evidence that larger city sizes and fiscal decentralisation are separately associated with higher rates of economic growth, the authors find countries which have larger cities and greater fiscal decentralisation experience lower rates of economic growth highlighting a need for caution on decentralisation agendas in such cases. The implications of this suggest policymakers should proceed with caution on decentralisation agendas in countries with large cities.