bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jesus’ Concern for Children: A Stance for the Kingdom of God in the Church in Africa
Authors: Mrio Vincent 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Jesus’ concern for children was evident in his ministry in an episode when he rebuked the disciples who scolded them (Luke 18:15–17). This article considers why Jesus cared for and safeguarded little children in his mission. The Church in Africa as a steward of the kingdom of God has to review its methods of caring for and protecting children. The contribution of the article will be to urge the Church in Africa to take more seriously its concern for children. The methodological approach engages qualitative thought with quantitative research into critical findings from particular churches.
What Does Generation Z Believe? The Religiosity and Spirituality of Contemporary Czech Youth in Practical-Theological Reflection
Authors: Landová Tabita 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The study deals with the religiosity and spirituality of contemporary Czech youth. Czech Republic is characterized by a high level of secularization. Are the expectations that religious faith will increasingly disappear in each generation coming true? How do Czech practical theologians reflect on the current situation? The study explores these questions against a background of generational theory and religious sociology. It has four parts. First, it introduces Mannheim’s theory of generations and applies it to the setting of Christian churches. In the second part, it characterizes the current Czech generation of youth with the help of generational typologies. In the third part, it presents the religiosity and spirituality of Czech youth based on recent sociological research. In the fourth part, it focuses on how Czech Catholic and Protestant theologians reflect on youth-work. The conclusion offers practical-theological suggestions that are relevant for pastoral work with youth in secularized contexts.
Processes Controlling the Southern Ocean Temperature Change
Authors: Chen Jia-Jia , Swart Neil C. , Cheng Xuhua 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Observations show that since the 1950s, the subsurface Southern Ocean has been rapidly warming in the south and cooling in the north. However, what drives these opposing latitudinal patterns of change is not well understood. By analyzing the outputs of atmosphere–ocean general circulation models, we examine and quantify the processes controlling the temperature change in the Southern Ocean. We find that subsurface cooling in the north results from the combined effect of weak warming driven by greenhouse gases and cooling forced by aerosols. Contrary to previous work, we find that the influence of stratospheric ozone forcing is small and unnecessary to explain the observed patterns. Analysis of heat budget diagnostics shows that ocean heat content change between 400 and 1200 m in the Southern Ocean is primarily driven by slight imbalances between the large and opposing changes in residual mean advection and isopycnal diffusion. We show that while surface heat flux anomalies are the main contributor to the warming in the Southern Ocean, changes in wind stress are also required to produce the observed pattern of temperature change. These results highlight the importance of ocean dynamics in subsurface ocean heat content change. The counterbalancing effects of aerosols and greenhouse gases on ocean heat content change in the Southern Ocean will change with aerosols declining in the future, while our results suggest that changes in stratospheric ozone forcing will have only a minor effect on future patterns of Southern Ocean thermohaline structure.
The Simulation and Subseasonal Forecasting of Hydrological Variables: Insights from a Simple Water Balance Model
Authors: Koster Randal D. , DeAngelis Anthony M. , Liu Qing , Schubert Siegfried D. , Molod Andrea M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Past work has shown that a land surface model’s (LSM) implicit (not explicitly coded) relationships between soil moisture and both evapotranspiration (ET) and runoff largely determine the LSM’s hydrological behavior. Here we estimate the relationships that appear to be operating in the real world and compare them to those of the LSM component of a state-of-the-art Earth system model (ESM). The two sets of relationships are determined by calibrating them within a simple water balance model (WBM): once using stream gauge observations from small, unregulated rivers over the eastern half of the United States, and once using the runoffs generated by the LSM as part of a state-of-the-art atmospheric reanalysis. Hydrological simulations and subseasonal hydrological forecasts performed with the two calibrated versions of the WBM provide two key results. First, the version calibrated to the LSM-generated runoffs does successfully reproduce, to first order, the hydrological behavior of the full LSM within its ESM environment. Second, of the two WBM versions, the one calibrated to the observations reproduces more accurately a broad collection of fully independent streamflow observations as well as a similarly broad collection of in situ soil moisture measurements. Taken together, the two results suggest that the observations-calibrated ET and runoff efficiency functions do successfully represent, at least to some degree, soil moisture controls over hydrological variability in nature and can serve as potentially useful targets for further LSM development.

Significance Statement
For all their complexity, and for all the work that underlies their development, the land surface model components of Earth system models may be suboptimal in fundamental yet unstudied ways. Here we estimate how the joint control of soil moisture over evapotranspiration and runoff processes in nature differs from that built implicitly into a state-of-the-art land model. Validation exercises demonstrate how this difference appears to lead to reduced accuracy in the land model’s simulation and forecasting of such hydrological variables as streamflow and soil moisture. Our results indicate that the relationships estimated for nature could serve as a potentially valuable target for further land model development.
Hearing Outcomes of a New Cartilage Conduction Device vs Bone Conduction Devices
Authors: Nairn Emily M. , Chen Alyssa S. , Nishimura Tadashi , Berezovsky Anna , Stucken Emily Z. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare audiometric outcomes of a new cartilage conduction hearing device (CCD) with traditional bone conduction hearing devices (BCDs).Study DesignClinical trial and crossover study design.SettingTertiary academic center.MethodsSixteen adults (19 ears) with congenital aural atresia or overclosed ear canals who previously underwent BCD implantation were fitted with a CCD. Audiometric data were collected with use of the BCD and the CCD.ResultsThe mean pretreatment 4‐frequency pure tone average was 81 dB. The mean aided pure tone averages with the BCD and CCD were 27 and 32 dB (P = .002), and the mean functional gains were 54 and 49 dB (P = .002), respectively. The mean consonant‐nucleus‐consonant scores with the BCD were 90% (best aided) and 80% (aided ear isolated), and those with the CCD were 86% and 76%. Mean AzBio scores were 90% (quiet), 77% (+10 dB SNR [signal to noise ratio]), and 52% (+5 dB SNR) when isolating the BCD ear and 90%, 73%, and 41% when isolating the CCD ear. No difference in speech scores achieved statistical significance except the AzBio isolated to the aided ear in the +5–dB SNR condition, which favored the BCD (P = .01).ConclusionPure tone audiometric outcomes with the BCD show a small advantage over the CCD, with the difference driven mainly by high‐frequency responses. Speech outcomes were equivalent apart from the +5–db SNR condition, which favored the BCD.
Stem cell therapy as a promising strategy in necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Di Si-Jia , Wu Si-Yuan , Liu Tian-Jing , Shi Yong-Yan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal disease that affects newborns, particularly preterm infants, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. No effective therapeutic strategies to decrease the incidence and severity of NEC have been developed to date. Stem cell therapy has been explored and even applied in various diseases, including gastrointestinal disorders. Animal studies on stem cell therapy have made great progress, and the anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and intestinal barrier enhancing effects of stem cells may be protective against NEC clinically. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic mechanisms through which stem cells may function in the treatment of NEC.
The correlation of pericoronary adipose tissue with coronary artery disease and left ventricular function
Authors: You Deshu , Yu Haiyang , Wang Zhiwei , Wei Xiaoyu , Wu Xiangxiang , Pan Changjie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to investigate the correlation of pericoronary adipose tissue with coronary artery disease and left ventricular (LV) function.MethodsParticipants with clinically suspected coronary artery disease were enrolled. All participants underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and echocardiography followed by invasive coronary angiography (ICA) within 6 months. Pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) was extracted to analyze the correlation with the Gensini score and LV function parameters, including IVS, LVPW, LVEDD, LVESD, LVEDV, LVESV, FS, LVEF, LVM, and LVMI. The correlation between PCAT and the Gensini score was assessed using Spearman’s correlation analysis, and that between the PCAT volume or FAI and LV function parameters was determined using partial correlation analysis.ResultsOne hundred and fifty-nine participants (mean age, 64.55 ± 10.64 years; men, 65.4% [104/159]) were included in the final analysis. Risk factors for coronary artery disease, such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and a history of smoking or drinking, had no significant association with PCAT (P > 0.05), and there was also no correlation between PCAT and the Gensini score. However, the LAD-FAI was positively correlated with the IVS (r = 0.203,P = 0.013), LVPW (r = 0.218,P = 0.008), LVEDD (r = 0.317,P < 0.001), LVESD (r = 0.298,P < 0.001), LVEDV (r = 0.317,P < 0.001), LVESV (r = 0.301,P < 0.001), LVM (r = 0.371,P < 0.001), and LVMI (r = 0.304,P < 0.001). Also, the LCX-FAI was positively correlated with the LVEDD (r = 0.199,P = 0.015), LVESD (r = 0.190,P = 0.021), LVEDV (r = 0.203,P = 0.013), LVESV (r = 0.197,P = 0.016), LVM (r = 0.220,P = 0.007), and LVMI (r = 0.172,P = 0.036), and the RCA-FAI was positively correlated with the LVEDD (r = 0.258,P = 0.002), LVESD (r = 0.238,P = 0.004), LVEDV (r = 0.266,P = 0.001), LVESV (r = 0.249,P = 0.002), LVM (r = 0.237,P = 0.004), and LVMI (r = 0.218,P = 0.008), respectively. Finally, the total volume was positively correlated with FS (r = 0.167,P = 0.042).ConclusionThe FAI was positively correlated with the LV function but was not associated with the severity of coronary artery disease.
Association between dietary antioxidant index and risk of Helicobacter pylori infection among adults: a case–control study
Authors: Ebrahimi Zohreh , Masoodi Mohsen , Aslani Zahra , Naghshi Sina , Khalighi Sikaroudi Masoumeh , Shidfar Farzad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgrounds and aimsOne of the most important risk factors for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is nutrition. Balanced diets with high antioxidant properties may have protective effects against the consequences of this infection. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the association between the dietary antioxidant index and the risk of H. pylori infection among adults.MethodsIn a case–control study the dietary intake of patients with H. pylori infection was compared with healthy subjects. The dietary antioxidant index (DAI) was calculated using dietary intakes derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Demographic information was obtained by a related questionnaire and Physical Activity was measured by International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were used to obtain information. Using logistic regression models, we evaluated the association between the DAI and H. pylori infection risk. The significance level was determined asP < 0.05.ResultsFinally, dietary data of 148 cases and 302 controls (mean age: 38.72 ± 10.61 (were analyzed. The mean of total DAI was significantly higher in controls (7.67) when compared with H. pylori cases (3.57) (P < 0.001). After adjustment for covariates, participants with less than median DAI values had an increased risk of H. pylori onset (adjusted OR 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02–1.12,P < 0.001).ConclusionsAppropriate intake of nutrient antioxidants may have a role in decreasing the likelihood of H. pylori infection risk.
Molecular beacon based real-time PCR p1 gene genotyping, macrolide resistance mutation detection and clinical characteristics analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in children
Authors: Li Lifeng , Ma Jiayue , Guo Pengbo , Song Xiaorui , Li Mingchao , Yu Zengyuan , Yu Zhidan , Cheng Ping , Sun Huiqing , Zhang Wancun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Mycoplasma pneumoniae can be divided into different subtypes on the basis of the sequence differences of adhesive protein P1, but the relationship between different subtypes, macrolide resistance and clinical manifestations are still unclear. In the present study, we established a molecular beacon based real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) p1 gene genotyping method, analyzed the macrolide resistance gene mutations and the relationship of clinical characteristics with the genotypes.

Methods
A molecular beacon based real-time PCR p1 gene genotyping method was established, the mutation sites of macrolide resistance genes were analyzed by PCR and sequenced, and the relationship of clinical characteristics with the genotypes was analyzed.

Results
The detection limit was 1–100 copies/reaction. No cross-reactivity was observed in the two subtypes. In total, samples from 100 patients with positive M. pneumoniae detection results in 2019 and 2021 were genotyped using the beacon based real-time PCR method and P1-1 M. pneumoniae accounted for 69.0%. All the patients had the A2063G mutation in the macrolide resistance related 23S rRNA gene. Novel mutations were also found, which were C2622T, C2150A, C2202G and C2443A mutations. The relationship between p1 gene genotyping and the clinical characteristics were not statistically related.

Conclusion
A rapid and easy clinical application molecular beacon based real-time PCR genotyping method targeting the p1 gene was established. A shift from type 1 to type 2 was found and 100.0% macrolide resistance was detected. Our study provided an efficient method for genotyping M. pneumoniae, valuable epidemiological monitoring information and clinical treatment guidance to control high macrolide resistance.
Stroke in young adults, stroke types and risk factors: a case control study
Authors: Namaganda Priscilla , Nakibuuka Jane , Kaddumukasa Mark , Katabira Elly 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Stroke is the second leading cause of death above the age of 60 years, and the fifth leading cause in people aged 15 to 59 years old as reported by the World Health Organization global burden of diseases. Stroke in the young is particularly tragic because of the potential to create long-term disability, burden on the victims, their families, and the community at large. Despite this, there is limited data on stroke in young adults, and its risk factors in Uganda. Therefore, we determined the frequency and risk factors for stroke among young adults at Mulago hospital.

Methods
A case control study was conducted among patients presenting consecutively to the general medical wards with stroke during the study period September 2015 to March 2016. A brain Computerized Tomography scan was performed to confirm stroke and classify the stroke subtype. Controls were patients that presented to the surgical outpatient clinic with minor surgical conditions, matched for age and sex. Social demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics were assessed for both cases and controls. Descriptive statistics including frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviation were used to describe the social demographics of case and controls as well as the stroke types for cases. To determine risk factors for stroke, a conditional logistic regression, which accounts for matching (e.g., age and sex), was applied. Odds ratio (with 95% confidence interval) was used as a measure for associations.

Results
Among 51 patients with stroke, 39(76.5%) had ischemic stroke and 12(23.5%) had hemorrhagic stroke. The mean age was 36.8 years (SD 7.4) for stroke patients (cases) and 36.8 years (SD 6.9) for controls. Female patients predominated in both groups 56.9% in cases and 52.9% in controls. Risk factors noted were HIV infection, OR 3.57 (95% CI 1.16–10.96), elevated waist to hip ratio, OR 11.59(95% CI 1.98–68.24) and sickle cell disease, OR 4.68 (95% CI 1.11–19.70). This study found a protective effect of oral contraceptive use for stroke OR 0.27 95% CI 0.08–0.87. There was no association between stroke and hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia.

Conclusion
Among young adults with stroke, ischemic stroke predominated over hemorrhagic stroke. Risk factors for stroke were HIV infection, elevated waist to hip ratio and sickle cell disease.
Quality of emergency obstetric and newborn care services in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Alemayehu Mihiretu , Yakob Bereket , Khuzwayo Nelisiwe 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Globally, nearly 295,000 women die every year during and following pregnancy and childbirth. Emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC) can avert 75% of maternal mortality if all mothers get quality healthcare. Improving maternal health needs identification and addressing of barriers that limit access to quality maternal health services. Hence, this study aimed to assess the quality of EmONC service and its predictors in Wolaita Zone, southern Ethiopia.

Methodology
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 14 health facilities. A facility audit was conducted on 14 health facilities, and 423 women were randomly selected to participate in observation of care and exit interview. The Open Data Kit (ODK) platform and Stata version 17 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Frequencies and summary statistics were used to describe the study population. Simple and multiple linear regressions were done to identify candidate and predictor variables of service quality. Coefficients with 95% confidence intervals were used to declare the significance and strength of association. Input, process, and output quality indices were created by calculating the means of standard items available or actions performed by each category and were used to describe the quality of EmONC.

Result
The mean input, process, and output EmONC services qualities were 74.2, 69.4, and 79.6%, respectively. Of the study participants, 59.2% received below 75% of the standard clinical actions (observed quality) of EmONC services. Women’s educational status (B = 5.35, 95% C.I: 0.56, 10.14), and (B = 8.38, 95% C.I: 2.92, 13.85), age (B = 3.86, 95% C.I: 0.39, 7.33), duration of stay at the facility (B = 3.58, 95% C.I: 2.66, 4.9), number of patients in the delivery room (B = − 4.14, 95% C.I: − 6.14, − 2.13), and care provider’s experience (B = 1.26, 95% C.I: 0.83, 1.69) were independent predictors of observed service quality.

Conclusion
The EmONC services quality was suboptimal in Wolaita Zone. Every three-in-five women received less than three-fourths of the standard clinical actions. The health system, care providers, and other stakeholders should emphasize improving the quality of care by availing medical infrastructure, adhering to standard procedures, enhancing human resources for health, and providing standard care regardless of women’s characteristics.
Menstrual cycle irregularity during examination among female medical students at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhammadi Maisam H. , Albogmi Afaf M. , Alzahrani Manar K. , Shalabi Bashayer H. , Fatta Fatma A. , AlBasri Samera F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Menstrual irregularity is defined as any differences in the frequency, irregularity of onset, duration of flow, or volume of blood from the regular menstrual cycle. It is an important medical issue that many medical students suffer from. The study aimed to determine the menstrual cycle abnormalities women experienced during exams and to investigate the most common types of irregularities among female medical students at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among female medical students between September and October 2021 at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. For this study, the estimated sample size (n = 450) was derived from the online Raosoft sample size calculator. Thus, 450 female medical students from second to sixth year were selected through stratified random sampling. A validated online questionnaire collected data about demographics, menstrual irregularities during exams, type of irregularities, menstrual history, family history of menstrual irregularities, premenstrual symptoms, medication use, medical and family consultations, and absenteeism. The chi-squared test (χ2) was used to analyze the associations between variables.

Results
A total of 48.2% of participants had menstrual irregularities during exams. The most common irregularity was dysmenorrhea (70.9%), followed by a lengthened cycle (45.6%), and heavy bleeding (41.9%). A total of 93% of medical students suffered from premenstrual symptoms and 60.4% used medication such as herbal medication and home remedies to relieve menstrual irregularities, and 12.1% of the students missed classes due to menstrual irregularities. A non-significant relationship was found between menstrual irregularities during exams and students’ demographics, academic year, and age at menarche, while oligomenorrhea, a heavier than normal bleed, a longer than normal cycle, and missing classes due to menstrual irregularities were significantly higher among single students as opposed to married students.

Conclusion
The results showed that female medical students have a significant frequency of menstruation abnormalities during exams period. Colleges should raise awareness among medical students about coping with examination stress and seeking medical care for menstrual abnormalities.