bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The phenomenology of mental imagery in people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Hewitt Olivia Mary , Langdon Peter E. , Hales Susie A. , Larkin Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesMental imagery is important in the development and maintenance of psychological disorders and well‐being but has been neglected in people with intellectual disabilities. A detailed idiographic analysis of the lived experience of mental imagery in this population is presented.DesignThis qualitative study uses interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). It involved inclusive research methods with people with intellectual disabilities and other stakeholders (including family members, advocates, support workers and intellectual disability service managers).MethodsTen individual semi‐structured interviews were conducted with people with mild–moderate intellectual disabilities. Participants were opportunistically sampled through organisations providing community services to people with intellectual disabilities in the UK. Two men and eight women (mean age 43 years) participated. Interviews were audio‐recorded and analysed using IPA.ResultsPeople with intellectual disabilities are able to experience a range of rich and detailed mental images across all sensory modalities. Participants reported changes in affect based on mental imagery, and an ability to experience both spontaneous and deliberate mental images. The emotional saliency of the object of mental imagery appeared to influence participants' ability to engage with imagery. A number of adaptations make mental imagery more accessible and easier to report. The ability of people with intellectual disabilities to experience vivid mental imagery has important clinical implications for the use of a range of mental imagery interventions with this population.ConclusionsThe need to consider mental imagery interventions for this population, and how these can be adapted to ensure accessibility is a priority for people with intellectual disabilities and psychological disorders.
ROS‐derived lipid peroxidation is prevented in barley leaves during senescence
Authors: Shimakawa Ginga , Krieger‐Liszkay Anja , Roach Thomas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSenescence in plants enables resource recycling from senescent leaves to sink organs. Under stress, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and associated signalling activates senescence. However, senescence is not always associated with stress since it has a prominent role in plant development, in which the role of ROS signalling is less clear. To address this, we investigated lipid metabolism and patterns of lipid peroxidation related to signalling during sequential senescence in first‐emerging barley leaves grown under natural light conditions. Leaf fatty acid compositions were dominated by linolenic acid (75% of total), the major polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in galactolipids of thylakoid membranes, known to be highly sensitive to peroxidation. Lipid catabolism during senescence, including increased lipoxygenase activity, led to decreased levels of PUFA and increased levels of short‐chain saturated fatty acids. When normalised to leaf area, only concentrations of hexanal, a product from the 13‐lipoxygenase pathway, increased early upon senescence, whereas reactive electrophile species (RES) from ROS‐associated lipid peroxidation, such as 4‐hydroxynonenal, 4‐hydroxyhexenal and acrolein, as well as β‐cyclocitral derived from oxidation of β‐carotene, decreased. However, relative to total chlorophyll, amounts of most RES increased at late‐senescence stages, alongside increased levels of α‐tocopherol, zeaxanthin and non‐photochemical quenching, an energy dissipative pathway that prevents ROS production. Overall, our results indicate that lipid peroxidation derived from enzymatic oxidation occurs early during senescence in first barley leaves, while ROS‐derived lipid peroxidation associates weaker with senescence.
Ammonia induced toxico‐physiological responses in fish and management interventions
Authors: Parvathy Ashokkumar Jayasree , Das Bini C. , Jifiriya Marathippallam Jamal , Varghese Tincy , Pillai Devika , Rejish Kumar Vattiringal Jayadradhan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntensification of aquaculture practices resulted in increased ammonia production in the culture systems. Lack of proper management of the culture system will result in elevated ammonia, which adversely affects the culture species. Moreover, with the ongoing global warming, fish metabolism and ammonia excretion are expected to increase. This, coupled with the hypoxic condition, exacerbates the severity of ammonia toxicity. Ammonia toxicity can alter the growth and the biochemical, physiological and immunological responses of fish. Several factors such as pH, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, species and life stages of fish, physical activity, feeding and stress influence the toxicity of ammonia in fish. A proper understanding of these factors is a prerequisite for successful aquaculture. The physiological changes caused by the elevated ammonia hinder homeostasis that eventually increases their susceptibility to diseases. This review discusses ammonia toxicity in fish, factors affecting the toxicity and various physiological, haematological, histological and immunological responses induced by the elevated ammonia. Furthermore, the review summarizes various management and dietary interventions to mitigate ammonia and ammonia induced stress in aquaculture.
The nose is not enough: Multi‐site sampling is best forMRSPdetection in dogs and households
Authors: Frosini Sian‐Marie , Bond Ross , King Ruth H. , Loeffler Anette 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundFollowing recovery from meticillin‐resistantStaphylococcus pseudintermedius(MRSP) infection of any type, dogs may continue to carry MRSP asymptomatically on skin and mucosae, contributing to the spread of this multidrug‐resistant, veterinary hospital‐associated pathogen with zoonotic potential to others and into the environment.ObjectivesThis study determined which canine anatomic and household environmental sites are most sensitive for sampling to identify carriage and contamination.Methods and MaterialsFifty‐one dogs and 22 households, MRSP‐positive on at least one tested site, were sampled on 132 and 40 occasions over time, respectively. Dogs were swabbed at six sites (mouth, nose, conjunctiva, skin, prepuce/vulva, perianal area); household environments were sampled using contact plates (mannitol salt agar [MSA] and MSA + 6 mg/L oxacillin [MS+]) on five sites. MRSP was isolated after enrichment, grown on MSA/MS+ and was confirmed by PCR. Generalized estimating equations were used for calculation of sensitivity (95% confidence interval) for each site/combination.ResultsEach anatomical and environmental site yielded MRSP at least once. MRSP was isolated from only a single site in 27.3% of dogs, with the buccal mucosa showing the highest sensitivity (63.8%). Multi‐site sampling of a minimum of four canine anatomical or four environmental sites, respectively, was needed to achieve >95% sensitivity.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe canine buccal mucosa should be included in MRSP sampling protocols, ideally in addition to at least three other anatomical sites. Likewise, environment sampling should be of multiple household sites in cases where it is used as a part of clinical case management.
Machine Learning the Concrete Compressive Strength From Mixture Proportions
Authors: Xu Xiaojie , Zhang Yun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Concrete mixture design usually requires labor-intensive and time-consuming work, which involves a significant amount of “trial batching” approaches. Recently, statistical and machine learning methods have demonstrated that a robust model might help reduce the experimental work greatly. Here, we develop the Gaussian process regression model to shed light on the relationship among the contents of cement, blast furnace slag, fly ash, water, superplasticizer, coarse aggregates, fine aggregates, and concrete compressive strength (CCS) at 28 days. A total of 399 concrete mixtures with CCS ranging from 8.54 MPa to 62.94 MPa are examined. The modeling approach is highly stable and accurate, achieving the correlation coefficient, mean absolute error, and root mean square error of 99.85%, 0.3769 (1.09% of the average experimental CCS), and 0.6755 (1.96% of the average experimental CCS), respectively. The model contributes to fast and low-cost CCS estimations.
Design of a Stiffened Space Membrane Structure Using Explicit Topology Optimization
Authors: Wang Yue , Zhang Hua , Du Zongliang , Zhang Weisheng , Guo Xu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work, a hybrid topology optimization scheme based on the moving morphable component (MMC) method is presented for the design of stiffened membrane structure. The stiffened membrane structure is composed of a base membrane, reinforcing stiffeners, and functional cells. For an accurate and effective simulation of the structure, a hybrid structure model with multiple element types is constructed. In this study, MMC components used as the basic elements for the topology description will include several different types: bar elements for the stiffeners and continuum elements for the base membrane and functional cells. The base membrane is modeled using bi-modulus material. With this approach, the distribution of element types in different parts can be changed as the components are moved around during the optimization process. Some numerical examples are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Interplay of Clusters of Acoustic and Intrinsic Thermoacoustic Modes in Can-Annular Combustors
Authors: Fournier Guillaume J. J. , Schaefer Felicitas , Haeringer Matthias , Silva Camilo F. , Polifke Wolfgang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Thermoacoustic systems can exhibit self-excited instabilities of two nature, namely cavity modes or intrinsic thermoacoustic (ITA) modes. In heavy-duty land-based gas turbines with can-annular combustors, the cross-talk between cans causes the cavity modes of various azimuthal order to create clusters, i.e., ensembles of modes with close frequencies. Similarly, in systems exhibiting rotational symmetry, ITA modes also have the peculiar behavior of forming clusters. In the present study, we investigate how such clusters interplay when they are located in the same frequency range. We first consider a simple Rijke tube configuration and derive a general analytical low-order network model using only dimensionless numbers. We investigate the trajectories of the eigenmodes when changing the downstream length and the flame position. In particular, we show that ITA and acoustic modes can switch nature and their trajectories are strongly influenced by the presence of exceptional points. We then study a generic can-annular combustor. We show that such configuration can be approximated by an equivalent Rijke tube. We demonstrate that, in the absence of mean flow, the eigenvalues of the system necessarily lie on specific trajectories imposed by the upstream conditions.
An exploration of practices affecting research integrity in global health partnerships
Authors: Troughton Lindsay , Obasi Angela 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundResearch integrity is central to good research practice yet it is under-researched in global health.AimTo identify and explore factors which promote or constrain adherence to research integrity principles in global health research partnerships, specifically at a UK higher education institution (HEI) and its low-to-middle-income country (LMIC) partners.MethodsQualitative study using key informant interviews among researchers at a HEI and a number of its LMIC partners exploring their understanding of the principles of research integrity and experience of its implementation in relation to research.ResultsThirteen interviews, five from HEI and eight from partner organisations, were conducted. Analysis found that understanding of research integrity focused on issues relating to rigour and did not include ‘care and respect’. Barriers to research integrity included, supra institutional factors such as funding flows, inequitable power relations, the competitive culture of the global health ecosystem and institutional psychosocial safety. Most respondents had direct or indirect knowledge of incidences of research misconduct.ConclusionImproved recognition of the importance of care and respect is key to improving the integrity of research conduct within global health partnerships.
Severity of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection and perinatal outcomes of women admitted to hospital during the omicron variant dominant period using UK Obstetric Surveillance System data: prospective, national cohort study
Authors: Engjom Hilde M , Ramakrishnan Rema , Vousden Nicola , Bunch Kathryn , Morris Eddie , Simpson Nigel A B , Gale Chris , O'Brien Patrick , Quigley Maria , Brocklehurst Peter , Kurinczuk Jennifer J , Knight Marian 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo describe the severity of maternal infection when the omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant (B.1.1.529) was dominant (15 December 2021 to 14 March 2022) and describe outcomes by symptoms and vaccination status.DesignProspective, national cohort study using the UK Obstetric Surveillance System.Setting94 hospitals in the UK with a consultant led maternity unit.ParticipantsPregnant women admitted to hospital for any cause with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test.Main outcome measuresSymptomatic or asymptomatic infection, vaccination status by doses before admission, and severity of maternal infection (moderate or severe infection according to modified World Health Organization's criteria).ResultsOf 3699 women who were admitted to hospital, 986 (26.7%, 95% confidence interval 25.3% to 28.1%) had symptoms; of these, 144 (14.6%, 12.5% to 17.0%) had a moderate to severe infection, 99 (10.4%, 8.6% to 12.5%) of 953 received respiratory support, and 30 (3.0%, 2.1% to 4.3%) were admitted to an intensive care unit. Covid-19 specific drug treatment was given to 13 (43.3%) of the 30 women in intensive care. Four women with symptoms died (0.4%, 0.1% to 1.1%). Vaccination status was known for 845 (85.6%) women with symptoms; 489 (58.9%) were unvaccinated and only 55 (6.5%) had three doses. Moderate to severe infection was reported for 93 (19.0%) of 489 unvaccinated women with symptoms, decreasing to three (5.5%) of 55 after three doses. Among the 30 women with symptoms who were admitted to intensive care, 23 (76.7%) were unvaccinated and none had received three doses.ConclusionMost women with severe covid-19 disease were unvaccinated and vaccine coverage among pregnant women admitted to hospital with SARS-CoV-2 was low. Ongoing action to prioritise and advocate for vaccine uptake in pregnancy is essential. A better understanding of the persistent low use of drug treatments is an urgent priority.Trial registrationISRCTN 40092247.
Career aspirations of specialty among medical students in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from two decades, 2000–2021
Authors: Bajunirwe Francis , Semakula Daniel , Izudi Jonathan 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo determine the distribution of career aspirations for the discipline of specialty among undergraduate medical students in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).DesignWe searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE Google Scholar and Google for studies published between 1 January 2000 and 31 June 2021. Two reviewers extracted data from eligible studies, with disagreements resolved through consensus with a third reviewer. The random effects model was used to pool proportions, presented with the corresponding 95% CI. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochrane’s (Q) test but quantified with I2values. Sources of heterogeneity were checked using meta-regression analysis while publication bias was assessed using funnel plot and Egger’s test.SettingSSA.ParticipantsUndergraduate medical students.OutcomesPrimary outcome was pooled proportion of career aspirations for the discipline of medical specialty and the secondary outcome was reasons for the specialty selection.ResultsWe identified 789 citations but meta-analysed 32 studies, with an overall sample size of 8231 participants. The most popular career aspiration for the discipline of specialty was surgery (29.5%; 95% CI 25.0% to 34.2%), followed by internal medicine (17.3%, 95% CI 11.7% to 23.7%), and then obstetrics and gynaecology (15.0%, 95% CI 12.3% to 17.9%), and paediatrics (11.3%; 95% CI 9.6% to 13.2%). The less popular medical disciplines of specialty included public health, orthopaedics, ophthalmology, family medicine, pathology, anaesthesiology, dermatology, otolaryngology, psychiatry and emergency medicine. The reasons for the selection of a medical discipline for specialty related to mentor and peer influences, prospect for economic gains, personal factors, long-term career interests and goals and discipline-specific factors.ConclusionSurgery is the most preferred career aspiration for medical students in SSA, followed by internal medicine. The choices do not necessarily match the disease burden on the continent and medical schools should consider strengthening career counselling and mentoring in their curriculum.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021260501.
mHealth guideline training for non-communicable diseases in primary care facilities in Nigeria: a mixed methods pilot study
Authors: Otu Akaninyene Asuquo , Effa Emmanuel E , Onwusaka Obiageli , Omoyele Chiamaka , Arakelyan Stella , Okuzu Okey , Walley John 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo pilot the use of a scalable innovative mobile health (mHealth) non-communicable diseases (NCDs) training application for nurses at the primary care level.DesignMixed methods pilot of mHealth training on NCD care for nurses at primary healthcare (PHC) facilities. We provide a descriptive analysis of mHealth training test scores, with trend analysis of blood pressure (BP) control using paired t-test for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data.SettingPHC facilities in rural and urban communities in Cross River State, south eastern Nigeria. NCDs were not part of routine training previously. As in most low-and-middle-income settings, funding for scale-up using conventional classroom in-service training for NCDs is not available in Nigeria, and onsite supervision poses challenges.ParticipantsTwenty-four health workers in 19 PHC facilities.InterventionA self-paced mHealth training module on an NCD desk guide was adapted to be applicable within the Nigerian context in collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Health. The training which focused on hypertension, diabetes and sickle cell disease was delivered via Android tablet devices, supplemented by quarterly onsite supervision and group support via WhatsApp. The training was evaluated with pre/post-course tests, structured observations and focus group discussions. This was an implementation pilot assessing the feasibility and potential effectiveness of mHealth training on NCD in primary care delivery.ResultsNurses who received mHealth training recorded a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) in average pretest and post-test training scores of 65.2 (±12.2) and 86.5 (±7.9), respectively. Recordings on treatment cards indicated appropriate diagnosis and follow-up of patients with hypertension with significant improvements in systolic BP (t=5.09, p<0.001) and diastolic BP (t=5.07, p<0.001). The mHealth nurse training and WhatsApp support groups were perceived as valuable experiences and obviated the need for face-to-face training. Increased workload, non-availability of medications, facility-level conflicts and poor task shifting were identified challenges.ConclusionsThis initiative provides evidence of the feasibility of implementing an NCD care package supported by mHealth training for health workers in PHCs and the strong possibility of successful scale-up nationally.
Public preferences towards data management and governance in Swiss biobanks: results from a nationwide survey
Authors: Brall Caroline , Berlin Claudia , Zwahlen Marcel , Vayena Effy , Egger Matthias , Ormond Kelly E 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesThis article aims to measure the willingness of the Swiss public to participate in personalised health research, and their preferences regarding data management and governance.SettingResults are presented from a nationwide survey of members of the Swiss public.Participants15 106 randomly selected Swiss residents received the survey in September 2019. The response rate was 34.1% (n=5156). Respondent age ranged from 18 to 79 years, with fairly uniform spread across sex and age categories between 25 and 64 years.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWillingness to participate in personalised health research and opinions regarding data management and governance.ResultsMost respondents preferred to be contacted and reconsented for each new project using their data (39%, 95% CI: 37.4% to 40.7%), or stated that their preference depends on the project type (29.4%, 95% CI: 27.9% to 31%). Additionally, a majority (52%, 95% CI: 50.3% to 53.8%) preferred their data or samples be stored anonymously or in coded form (43.4%, 95% CI: 41.7% to 45.1%). Of those who preferred that their data be anonymised, most also indicated a wish to be recontacted for each new project (36.8%, 95% CI: 34.5% to 39.2%); however, these preferences are in conflict. Most respondents desired to personally own their data. Finally, most Swiss respondents trust their doctors, along with researchers at universities, to protect their data.ConclusionInsight into public preference can enable Swiss biobanks and research institutions to create management and governance strategies that match the expectations and preferences of potential participants. Models allowing participants to choose how to interact with the process, while more complex, may increase individual willingness to provide data to biobanks.
Regional variation in healthcare usage for Medicare beneficiaries: a cross-sectional study based on the health and retirement study
Authors: Luo Dian 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate whether regional variation changes with different beneficiary health insurance coverage types.DesignA cross-sectional study of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) in 2018 was used.SettingMedicare beneficiaries only covered by Medicare (group 1) are compared with those covered by Medicare and other health insurance (group 2). Outcomes included healthcare usage measures: (1) whether beneficiaries have a hospital stay and (2) the number for those with at least one stay; (3) whether beneficiaries have a doctor’s visit and (4) the number for those with at least one visit. We compared healthcare usage in both groups across the five regions: (1) New England and Mid-Atlantic; (2) East North Central and West North Central; (3) South Atlantic; (4) East South Central and West South Central; (5) Mountain and Pacific. We used logistic regression for binary outcomes and negative binomial regression for count outcomes in each group.ParticipantsWe identified 8749 Medicare beneficiaries, of which 4098 in group 1 and 4651 in group 2.ResultsResidents in all non-reference regions had a significantly lower probability of seeking a doctor’s visit in group 1 (OR with 95% CI 0.606 (0.374 to 0.982), 0.619 (0.392 to 0.977), 0.472 (0.299 to 0.746) and 0.618 (0.386 to 0.990) in the order of above regions, respectively), which is not significant in group 2. Residents in most non-reference regions (except South Atlantic) had a significantly fewer number of seeking a hospital stay in group 2 (incident rate ratio (IRR) with 95% CI 0.797 (0.691 to 0.919), 0.740 (0.643 to 0.865), 0.726 (0.613 to 0.859) in the order of above regions, respectively), which is not significant in group 1.ConclusionRegional variation in the likelihood of having a doctor’s visit was reduced in Medicare beneficiaries covered by supplemental health insurance. Regional variation in hospital stays was accentuated among Medicare beneficiaries covered by supplemental health insurance.