bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The atypical pattern of irony comprehension in autistic children
Authors: Panzeri Francesca , Mazzaggio Greta , Giustolisi Beatrice , Silleresi Silvia , Surian Luca 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNonliteral language understanding has always been recognized as problematic in autistic individuals. We ran a study on 26 autistic children (mean age = 7.3 years) and 2 comparison groups of typically developing children, 1 matched for chronological age, and 1 of younger peers (mean age = 6.11 years) matched for linguistic abilities, aiming at assessing their understanding of ironic criticisms and compliments, and identifying the cognitive and linguistic factors that may underpin this ability. Autistic participants lagged behind the comparison groups in the comprehension of both types of irony, and their performance was related to mindreading and linguistic abilities. Significant correlations were found between first-order Theory of Mind (ToM) and both types of irony, between second-order ToM and ironic compliments, and between linguistic abilities and ironic criticisms. The autistic group displayed an interesting, and previously unattested in the literature, bimodal distribution: the great majority of them (n = 18) displayed a very poor performance in irony understanding, whereas some (n = 6) were at ceiling. We discuss these results in terms of two different profiles of autistic children.
Boundary making in the formative years of Tel Aviv Township, 1920–1923
Authors: Golan Arnon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBoundaries are defined and maintained to establish and preserve cultural, societal and political integrity. Boundaries change as territorial structures and their related meanings change over time, reflecting the transformation of economic, political, administrative and cultural practices and discourses, and inherent relations of power. The Israeli metropolis of Tel Aviv is no different in this context. The end of World War I and establishment of a British Mandate regime in Palestine resulted in the transformation of political, economic, social and cultural structures. The British Mandate afforded the rise of and development of Tel Aviv from Jaffa's Jewish garden suburb into a separate urban entity. Different internal and external factors affected the delineation of the urban bounds of Tel Aviv following its declaration by the British Mandate government as an autonomous township.
Timing of surgical repair of the stented aortic arch and coarctation in neonates
Authors: González-Calle Antonio , Guillén-Rodríguez Inmaculada , Coserria-Sánchez Felix 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe report a neonate with aortic arch hypoplasia and coarctation, in whom patency of the arterial duct could not be re-established and who was too ill to undergo primary surgical correction safely. This patient was treated in two stages: 1) angioplasty and stenting, 2) surgical correction. The safe period for surgical correction may be 2–3 weeks after angioplasty and stenting.
Leaving a lasting legacy: A scoping review of ethical wills
Authors: Neller Sarah A. , McFarland Mary M. , Edelman Linda S. , Towsley Gail L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesPalliative care guidelines recommend an interdisciplinary approach to address patients’ awareness of mortality and need for end-of-life preparation. An ethical will is a nonlegal way to address mortality by communicating a lasting and intangible legacy of values to others. The aim of this scoping review is to clarify the operationalization of ethical wills across disciplines and map the purposes and outcomes of creating an ethical will.MethodsWe followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. We searched 14 databases in November 2019 and January 2021 without filtering publication date or type. Two reviewers independently screened 1,948 publications. We extracted frequently used terms describing content, audience, format, purpose, and outcomes identified in ethical will creation.ResultsFifty-one publications met inclusion criteria. Six (11.7%) were research articles. Twenty-four (47.1%) were lay literature published within law, estate, and financial planning. Collectively, our included studies defined an ethical will as a nonlegal way to express values, beliefs, life lessons and experiences, wisdom, love, history, hope for the future, blessings, apology, or forgiveness using any format (e.g., text, audio, video) that is meant to be shared with family, friends, or community. The most common purposes were to be remembered, address mortality, clarify life's meaning, and communicate what matters most. Creation provided opportunity to learn about self, served as a gift to both writer and recipient, and fostered generativity and sense of symbolic immortality.Significance of resultsOur findings highlight interdisciplinary utilization and a lack of research of ethical wills. This review provides supportive evidence for ethical wills as a way for patients to address mortality, renew intergenerational connections, solidify self, and promote transcendence before their final days. Ethical wills have potential to be incorporated into interdisciplinary palliative care in the future to address psychological symptoms for patients anticipating the end of life.
Determinants of Nutritional Differences in Mediterranean Rural Spain, 1840–1965 Birth Cohorts: A Comparison between Irrigated and Dry Farming Agriculture
Authors: Ayuda María-Isabel , Puche Javier , Martínez-Carrión José Miguel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAnthropometric studies have given much attention to the impact of industrialization and urbanization on the biological standards of living of urban populations. Instead, we know less about the evolution of height and the disparities within the rural world and how they have changed during the modern economic growth process. This article analyzes the evolution and the determining factors that would explain the inequality of the biological welfare of a group of rural populations in Mediterranean Spain. Using a database of the heights of military conscripts (N = 146,041) of the study area, a comparison is made of the biological well-being of the cohorts born between 1840 and 1965 in different rural environments (irrigated vs. dry farming). The results show that the recruits residing in irrigated areas were taller than those in dry farming areas and that the nutritional differences were greater among the latter. The advantage of the heights in irrigated areas widened with the development of commercial agriculture at the end of the nineteenth century and, although it began to reduce from the early decades of the twentieth century, the anthropometric gap persisted throughout the period analyzed. The data also suggest that the distribution of income was also more unequal in the dry farming areas, where the diet was less varied and rich than in the irrigated areas. This situation could be largely explained by the existence of low productivity agriculture in these dry farming areas, among other possible factors.
Thresholds in Road Network Functioning on US Atlantic and Gulf Barrier Islands
Authors: Aldabet Sofia , Goldstein Evan B. , Lazarus Eli D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBarrier islands predominate the Atlantic and Gulf coastlines of the USA, where population and infrastructure growth exceed national trends. Forward‐looking models of barrier island dynamics often include feedbacks with real estate markets and management practices aimed at mitigating damage to buildings from natural hazards. However, such models thus far do not account for networks of infrastructure, such as roads, and how the functioning of infrastructure networks might influence management strategies. Understanding infrastructure networks on barrier islands is an essential step toward improved insight into the future dynamics of human‐altered barriers. Here, we examine thresholds in the functioning of 72 US Atlantic and Gulf Coast barrier islands. We use digital elevation models to assign an elevation to each intersection in each road network. From each road network we sequentially remove intersections, starting from the lowest elevation. We use the maxima of the second giant connected component to identify a specific intersection—and corresponding elevation—at which functioning of the network fails, and we match the elevation of each critical intersection to local annual exceedance probabilities for extreme high‐water levels. We find a range of failure thresholds for barrier island road network functioning, and also find that no single metric—absolute elevation, annual exceedance probability, or a quantitative metric of robustness—sufficiently ranks the susceptibility of barrier road networks to failure. Future work can incorporate thresholds for road network into forward‐looking models of barrier island dynamics that include hazard‐mitigation practices for protecting infrastructure.
Towards Retrieving Reliable Ocean Surface Currents in the Coastal Zone From the Sentinel‐1 Doppler Shift Observations
Authors: Moiseev A. , Johannessen J. A. , Johnsen H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent developments on calibration and partitioning of the signal between the wave and current contributions significantly improve the accuracy of geophysical retrievals from Sentinel‐1 Synthetic Aperture Radar‐based Doppler shift measurements in the open ocean. In this study, we revise the Sentinel‐1B Interferometric Wide products acquired from December 2017 to January 2018 along the coastal zone of northern Norway. We find that the satellite attitude is responsible for 30% of the variation in the Doppler shift observations, while the antenna pattern can describe an additional 15%. The residual variation after recalibration is about 3.8 Hz, corresponding to 0.21–0.15 m/s radial velocity (RVL) depending on the incidence angle. Using recalibrated Sentinel‐1 observations, collocated with near‐surface wind from MetCoOp‐Ensemble Prediction System and sea state from MyWaveWAM, we develop an empirical function (CDOP3SiX) for estimating the sea‐state‐induced Doppler shift. CDOP3SiX improves the accuracy of sea state contribution estimates under mixed wind fetch conditions and demonstrates that the Norwegian Coastal Current can be detected in the Sentinel‐1 derived ocean surface current RVL maps. Moreover, two anticyclonic mesoscale eddies with radial velocities of about 0.5 m/s are detected. The surface current patterns are consistent with the collocated sea surface temperature observations. The Doppler shift observations from Sentinel‐1 can therefore be used to study ocean surface currents in the coastal zone with a 1.5 km spatial resolution.
An Analog Offline EnKF for Paleoclimate Data Assimilation
Authors: Sun Haohao , Lei Lili , Liu Zhengyu , Ning Liang , Tan Zhe‐Min 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn analog offline ensemble Kalman filter (AOEnKF) is proposed, which constructs ensemble priors from a control climate simulation for each assimilation time based on an analog criterion using proxy observations. Even though AOEnKF is an offline scheme and is therefore computationally economical, it has the ability to capture “flow‐dependent” background error covariances that help spread observation information through climate fields. Extensive tests in the Lorenz05 model demonstrate that, compared to the online cycling EnKF (CEnKF), AOEnKF generates smaller posterior errors and requires much less computational cost. Compared to the commonly applied offline EnKF (OEnKF), AOEnKF has the advantages of having a more accurate prior ensemble mean and “flow‐dependent” background error covariances, even though the assimilation time scale is beyond significant forecast skill of the climate model. With varying ensemble sizes, sample sizes, observation error covariances and observing networks, AOEnKFs generally produce statistically significant error reduction relative to OEnKF, especially for larger sample sizes, increased observation uncertainties and sparser observing networks. The AOEnKF can be applied based on either the error of state variables from observations (AOEnKF_E) or the spatial correlation of state variables with observations (AOEnKF_C), with generally comparable results.
Comparative characterization of 3D chromatin organization in triple-negative breast cancers
Authors: Kim Taemook , Han Sungwook , Chun Yujin , Yang Hyeokjun , Min Hyesung , Jeon Sook Young , Kim Jang-il , Moon Hyeong-Gon , Lee Daeyoup 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a malignant cancer subtype with a high risk of recurrence and an aggressive phenotype compared to other breast cancer subtypes. Although many breast cancer studies conducted to date have investigated genetic variations and differential target gene expression, how 3D chromatin architectures are reorganized in TNBC has been poorly elucidated. Here, using in situ Hi-C technology, we characterized the 3D chromatin organization in cells representing five distinct subtypes of breast cancer (including TNBC) compared to that in normal cells. We found that the global and local 3D architectures were severely disrupted in breast cancer. TNBC cell lines (especially BT549 cells) showed the most dramatic changes relative to normal cells. Importantly, we detected CTCF-dependent TNBC-susceptible losses/gains of 3D chromatin organization and found that these changes were strongly associated with perturbed chromatin accessibility and transcriptional dysregulation. In TNBC tissue, 3D chromatin disorganization was also observed relative to the 3D chromatin organization in normal tissues. We observed that the perturbed local 3D architectures found in TNBC cells were partially conserved in TNBC tissues. Finally, we discovered distinct tissue-specific chromatin loops by comparing normal and TNBC tissues. In this study, we elucidated the characteristics of the 3D chromatin organization in breast cancer relative to normal cells/tissues at multiple scales and identified associations between disrupted structures and various epigenetic features and transcriptomes. Collectively, our findings reveal important 3D chromatin structural features for future diagnostic and therapeutic studies of TNBC.
Maternal prenatal depressive symptoms and toddler behavior: an umbilical cord blood epigenome-wide association study
Authors: Kallak Theodora Kunovac , Fransson Emma , Bränn Emma , Berglund Hanna , Lager Susanne , Comasco Erika , Lyle Robert , Skalkidou Alkistis 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChildren of mothers with prenatal depressive symptoms (PND) have a higher risk of behavioral problems; fetal programming through DNA methylation is a possible underlying mechanism. This study investigated DNA methylation in cord blood to identify possible “at birth” signatures that may indicate susceptibility to behavioral problems at 18 months of age. Cord blood was collected from 256 children of mothers who had self-reported on symptoms of depression during pregnancy and the behavior of their child at 18 months of age. Whole genome DNA methylation was assessed using Illumina MethylationEPIC assay. The mother and child pairs were categorized into four groups, based on both self-reported depressive symptoms, PND or Healthy control (HC), and scores from the Child Behavior checklist (high or low for internalizing, externalizing, and total scores). Adjustments were made for batch effects, cell-type, and clinical covariates. Differentially methylated sites were identified using Kruskal–Wallis test, and Benjamini–Hochberg adjustedpvalues < 0.05 were considered significant. The analysis was also stratified by sex of the child. Among boys, we observed higher and correlated DNA methylation of one CpG-site in the promoter region ofTPP1in the HC group, with high externalizing scores compared to HC with low externalizing scores. Boys in the PND group showed lower DNA methylation inNUDT15among those with high, compared to low, internalizing scores; the DNA methylation levels of CpGs in this gene were positively correlated with the CBCL scores. Hence, the differentially methylated CpG sites could be of interest for resilience, regardless of maternal mental health during pregnancy. The findings are in a relatively healthy study cohort, thus limiting the possibility of detecting strong effects associated with behavioral difficulties. This is the first investigation of cord blood DNA methylation signs of fetal programming of PND on child behavior at 18 months of age and thus calls for independent replications.
Small extracellular vesicle-mediated miR-320e transmission promotes osteogenesis in OPLL by targeting TAK1
Authors: Xu Chen , Zhang Zicheng , Liu Ning , Li Li , Zhong Huajian , Wang Ruizhe , Shi Qianghui , Zhang Zifan , Wei Leixin , Hu Bo , Zhang Hao , Shen Xiaolong , Wang Yue , Liu Yang , Yuan Wen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOssification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is an emerging spinal disease caused by heterotopic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. The pathological mechanism is poorly understood, which hinders the development of nonsurgical treatments. Here, we set out to explore the function and mechanism of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in OPLL. Global miRNA sequencings are performed on sEVs derived from ligament cells of normal and OPLL patients, and we have showed that miR-320e is abundantly expressed in OPLL-derived sEVs compare to other sEVs. Treatment with either sEVs or miR-320e significantly promote the osteoblastic differentiation of normal longitudinal ligament cells and mesenchymal stem cells and inhibit the osteoclastic differentiation of monocytes. Through a mechanistic study, we find that TAK1 is a downstream target of miR-320e, and we further validate these findings in vivo using OPLL model mice. Together, our data demonstrate that OPLL ligament cells secrete ossification-promoting sEVs that contribute to the development of ossification through the miR-320e/TAK1 axis.
Recycling of memory B cells between germinal center and lymph node subcapsular sinus supports affinity maturation to antigenic drift
Authors: Zhang Yang , Garcia-Ibanez Laura , Ulbricht Carolin , Lok Laurence S. C. , Pike Jeremy A. , Mueller-Winkler Jennifer , Dennison Thomas W. , Ferdinand John R. , Burnett Cameron J. M. , Yam-Puc Juan C. , Zhang Lingling , Alfaro Raul Maqueda , Takahama Yousuke , Ohigashi Izumi , Brown Geoffrey , Kurosaki Tomohiro , Tybulewicz Victor L. J. , Rot Antal , Hauser Anja E. , Clatworthy Menna R. , Toellner Kai-Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInfection or vaccination leads to the development of germinal centers (GC) where B cells evolve high affinity antigen receptors, eventually producing antibody-forming plasma cells or memory B cells. Here we follow the migratory pathways of B cells emerging from germinal centers (BEM) and find that many BEM cells migrate into the lymph node subcapsular sinus (SCS) guided by sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). From the SCS, BEM cells may exit the lymph node to enter distant tissues, while some BEM cells interact with and take up antigen from SCS macrophages, followed by CCL21-guided return towards the GC. Disruption of local CCL21 gradients inhibits the recycling of BEM cells and results in less efficient adaption to antigenic variation. Our findings thus suggest that the recycling of antigen variant-specific BEM cells and transport of antigen back to GC may support affinity maturation to antigenic drift.
ON/OFF domains shape receptive field structure in mouse visual cortex
Authors: Tring Elaine , Duan Konnie K. , Ringach Dario L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn higher mammals, thalamic afferents to primary visual cortex (area V1) segregate according to their responses to increases (ON) or decreases (OFF) in luminance. This organization induces columnar, ON/OFF domains postulated to provide a scaffold for the emergence of orientation tuning. To further test this idea, we asked whether ON/OFF domains exist in mouse V1. Here we show that mouse V1 is indeed parceled into ON/OFF domains. Interestingly, fluctuations in the relative density of ON/OFF neurons on the cortical surface mirror fluctuations in the relative density of ON/OFF receptive field centers on the visual field. Moreover, the local diversity of cortical receptive fields is explained by a model in which neurons linearly combine a small number of ON and OFF signals available in their cortical neighborhoods. These findings suggest that ON/OFF domains originate in fluctuations of the balance between ON/OFF responses across the visual field which, in turn, shapes the structure of cortical receptive fields.
Observing polarization patterns in the collective motion of nanomechanical arrays
Authors: Doster Juliane , Shah Tirth , Fösel Thomas , Paulitschke Philipp , Marquardt Florian , Weig Eva M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn recent years, nanomechanics has evolved into a mature field, and it has now reached a stage which enables the fabrication and study of ever more elaborate devices. This has led to the emergence of arrays of coupled nanomechanical resonators as a promising field of research serving as model systems to study collective dynamical phenomena such as synchronization or topological transport. From a general point of view, the arrays investigated so far can be effectively treated as scalar fields on a lattice. Moving to a scenario where the vector character of the fields becomes important would unlock a whole host of conceptually interesting additional phenomena, including the physics of polarization patterns in wave fields and their associated topology. Here we introduce a new platform, a two-dimensional array of coupled nanomechanical pillar resonators, whose orthogonal vibration directions encode a mechanical polarization degree of freedom. We demonstrate direct optical imaging of the collective dynamics, enabling us to analyze the emerging polarization patterns, follow their evolution with drive frequency, and identify topological polarization singularities.
Atomistic mechanism of phase transformation between topologically close-packed complex intermetallics
Authors: Jin Huixin , Zhang Jianxin , Li Pan , Zhang Youjian , Zhang Wenyang , Qin Jingyu , Wang Lihua , Long Haibo , Li Wei , Shao Ruiwen , Ma En , Zhang Ze , Han Xiaodong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how topologically close-packed phases (TCPs) transform between one another is one of the challenging puzzles in solid-state transformations. Here we use atomic-resolved tools to dissect the transition among TCPs, specifically the μ and P (or σ) phases in nickel-based superalloys. We discover that the P phase originates from intrinsic (110) faulted twin boundaries (FTB), which according to first-principles calculations is of extraordinarily low energy. The FTB sets up a pathway for the diffusional in-flux of the smaller 3d transition metal species, creating a Frank interstitial dislocation loop. The climb of this dislocation, with an unusual Burgers vector that displaces neighboring atoms into the lattice positions of the product phase, accomplishes the structural transformation. Our findings reveal an intrinsic link among these seemingly unrelated TCP configurations, explain the role of internal lattice defects in facilitating the phase transition, and offer useful insight for alloy design that involves different complex phases.