bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination of anti‐CD25 antibody and poly I:C treatment in pregnant NOD mice may be used as ‘pregnancy‐related’ type 1 diabetes model
Authors: Shimada Akira , Toda Kyoko , Inoue Ikuo , Yamada Taketo , Oikawa Yoichi 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionSome women develop type 1 diabetes during pregnancy or immediately after delivery. However, the underlying pathophysiology remains largely unknown, probably because of the lack of a suitable animal model. In this study, we administered pregnant NOD mice with an anti‐CD25 antibody to reduce regulatory T cells along with poly I:C and examined the onset of diabetes.Materials and MethodsAnti‐CD25 antibody and poly I:C were intraperitoneally administered to mated female NOD mice. Mice delivered within 3 weeks after the treatment, and the onset of diabetes during pregnancy or within 6 weeks after delivery was examined. Some mice were killed 1 week after treatment, and their spleen and pancreas were excised to examine the expression levels of cytokines and for histological examination.ResultsHalf of the mice treated with anti‐CD25 antibody plus poly I:C developed diabetes, as compared with none of the poly I:C‐injected mice (P < 0.05). The ratios of interleukin‐18/forkhead box P3 and granzyme B/forkhead box P3 were higher in the pancreas of anti‐CD25 antibody plus poly I:C‐treated mice than in the pancreas of control mice. The insulitis score decreased in the pancreas of anti‐CD25 antibody plus poly I:C‐injected pregnant NOD mice.ConclusionsWe describe the use of anti‐CD25 antibody to reduce regulatory T cells and poly I:C as a Toll‐like receptor 3 stimulator to mimic viral infection in a pregnant NOD mouse, which can be used as a model of ‘pregnancy‐related’ type 1 diabetes.
Effects of induced voltage on pectin extraction from apple pomace compared with conventional heat extraction
Authors: Han Aye Myo , Yang Na , Jin Yamei , Ali Barkat , Xu Xueming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe induced voltage was applied to assist extracting the pectin from apple pomace. At an optimum voltage of 1200 V, frequency of 20 kHz within 20 min at 55°C, the pectin yield was higher (32.5%) when compared to conventional heat extraction (CHE) at 90°C for 2 h (16.6%). Meanwhile, the induced voltage‐assisted extraction's (IVAE) pectin had higher DE%, GalA%, acetyl value% and low molecular weight with well‐preserved color than those of CHE pectin. Its functional properties, such as water‐holding capacity (WHC) and oil holding capacity (OHC) had better performance than those of CHE pectin. The results for emulsifying activity and stability were also investigated for one month during the storage at 4°C and 25°C. Based on the observation of pomace morphology, its structure was punctured when subjected to this electrical effect. Comparing these two extraction methods, the IVAE method has proven to be a time‐saving and eco‐friendly process.
Implementation of an electronic solution to improve malnutrition identification and support clinical best practice
Authors: McCray Sally , Barsha Laura , Maunder Kirsty 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundRoutine malnutrition risk screening of patients is critical for optimal care and comprises part of the National Australian Hospital Standards. Identification of malnutrition also ensures reimbursement for hospitals to adequately treat these high‐risk patients. However, timely, accurate screening, assessment and coding of malnutrition remains suboptimal. The present study aimed to investigate manual and digital interventions to overcome barriers to malnutrition identification for improvements in the hospital setting.MethodsRetrospective reporting on malnutrition identification processes was conducted through two stages: (1) manual auditing intervention and (2) development of a digital solution – the electronic malnutrition management solution (eMS). Repeated process audits were completed at approximately 6‐monthly intervals through both stages between 2016 and 2019 and the results were analysed. In Stage 2, time investment and staff adoption of the digital solution were measured.ResultsOverall, the combined effect of both regular auditing and use of the eMS resulted in statistically significant improvements across all six key measures: patients identified (97%–100%; p < 0.001), screened (68%–95%; p < 0.001), screened within 24 h (51%–89%; p < 0.001), assessed (72%–95%; p < 0.001), assessed within 24 h (66%–93%; p < 0.001) and coded (81%–100%; p = 0.017). The eMS demonstrated a reduction in screening time by over 60% with user adoption 100%. Data analytics enabled automated, real‐time auditing with a 95% reduction in time taken to audit.ConclusionsA single digital solution for management of malnutrition and automation of auditing demonstrated significant improvements where manual or combinations of manual and electronic systems continue to fall short.
Clinical efficacy and safety of polynucleotides highly purified technology (PN‐HPT®) and cross‐linked hyaluronic acid for moderate to severe nasolabial folds: A prospective, randomized, exploratory study
Authors: Araco Antonino , Araco Francesco , Raichi Mauro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe mandibular profile undergoes progressive wasting with aging, and the deepening of nasolabial folds (NLFs) has a leading role. Hyaluronic acid (HA) efficiently controls tissue hydration and permeability to small and large molecules. NLFs are an acknowledged HA target; at the same time, another class of agents, PN‐HPT® (Polynucleotides Highly Purified Technology), enjoy growing acknowledgement in aesthetic medicine. This exploratory, prospective study probed the rationale of sequentially associating PN‐HPT® as a first priming agent acting in the skin followed by HA dermal filler injections for correcting moderate to severe NLFs.MethodsFollowing strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, the authors screened Caucasian ambulatory women aged 40–65 with moderate to severe NLFs and randomly selected two NLFs for each enrolled woman. Due to the purely explorative nature of the study, the authors initially planned to enroll no >10 women. According to a split‐face design, the selected right‐side NLFs received 4 ml of PN‐HPT® intradermally in the initial priming phase (“NLF Rx group”); the selected left‐side NLFs received 4 ml of saline (placebo) (“NLF Lx group”). After 3 and 6 weeks, all patients received 2 ml of subdermal cross‐linked HA over both NLF areas (4 ml overall). The total study follow‐up was 6 months after the first injection, with objective assessments, based on the qualitative and quantitative Antera 3D® and Vectra H2® skin imaging technologies, after 6 weeks and 3 and 6 months.ResultsBecause of the favorable early outcomes, the authors let enrollment progress between January and June 2020 up to a total of 20 women and 40 NLFs. All treated women completed the six‐month follow‐up without reporting side effects, even clinically minor. The Antera 3D® device demonstrated that wrinkles and skin texture significantly improved in the NLF Rx after 6 weeks (monotherapy phase) and 3 and 6 months (PN‐HPT® priming + HA phase) compared with baseline. HA levels, measured with the quantitative Vectra H2® assessment technology in the right NLFs, were significantly higher than contralaterally at both 3 and 6 months.ConclusionsAlthough conceived only as an exploratory investigation, the study confirmed that PN‐HPT® monotherapy might be a valuable and effective option to rapidly improve the skin dermis texture and quality in individuals with moderate to severe NLFs. Acting as a priming agent in the skin, PN‐HPT® prolong the clinical efficacy of cross‐linked HA. Well‐designed trials in larger treatment groups will hopefully confirm these early promising results.
Adults hospitalized with breakthrough COVID‐19 have lower mortality than matched unvaccinated adults
Authors: Myers Laura C. , Kipnis Patricia , Greene John , Lawson Brian , Escobar Gabriel J. , Fireman Bruce H. , Klein Nicola P. , Liu Vincent X. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) breakthrough infections are common.ObjectiveEvaluate in‐hospital mortality of patients with COVID‐19 by vaccination status using retrospective cohort study.MethodsWe generated propensity scores for receipt of full vaccination in adults requiring supplemental oxygen hospitalized at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (1 April 2021 to 30 November 2021) with positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 polymerase chain reaction tests. Optimal matching of fully vaccinated/unvaccinated patients was performed comparing in‐hospital mortality.ResultsOf 7305 patients, 1463 (20.0%) were full, 138 (1.9%) were partial, and 5704 (78.1%) were unvaccinated. Fully vaccinated were older than partial or unvaccinated (71.0, 63.0, and 54.0 years, respectively, p < 0.001) with more comorbidities (Comorbidity Point Scores 33.0, 22.0, and 10.0, p < 0.001) and immunosuppressant (11.5%, 8.7%, and 3.0%, p < 0.001) or chemotherapy exposure (2.8%, 0.7%, and 0.4%, p < 0.001). Fewer fully vaccinated patients died compared to matched unvaccinated (9.0% vs. 16.3%, p < 0.0001).ConclusionFully vaccinated patients are less likely to die compared to matched unvaccinated patients.
Digital Determination and Recording of Edentulous Maxillomandibular Relationship Using a Jaw Movement Tracking System
Authors: Li Weiwei , Chen Hu , Wang Yong , Xie Qiufei , Sun Yuchun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeTo establish a direct digital method for determining and recording edentulous maxillomandibular relationship using a custom‐made jaw movement tracking system and evaluate its accuracy.Materials and methodsA novel jaw tracking system was used to record the trajectory of habitual opening‐closing jaw movement, and mandibular rest position (MRP) in 10 edentulous patients. 3D surface scanning was performed on the conventional maxillomandibular impressions and facial structures of patients in MRP. The multisource data were registered using a custom‐made recording tool. A plane parallel to the ala‐tragus and horizontal lines was constructed 2 mm above the MRP, and its vertical position was used to determine the vertical relationship. The intersections of the trajectory passing through the plane were located, and their density distributions were analyzed. The coordinates of highest density, which presented the highest repeatability of jaw movement, were used to construct the digital maxillomandibular relationship (test group). The maxillomandibular relationship of the new complete dentures with artificial teeth in the intercuspal position was defined as the control group. The displacements of the anterior reference point and 3D deviations of the entire mandibular arch were measured and compared between the test and control groups using a Wilcoxon signed‐ranks test and a one‐sample t‐test, respectively.ResultsWith reference to the centric relationship position, the maximum displacements of the anterior reference points were in the horizontal anteroposterior direction for both groups, and there were no significant differences. Compared to the control group, the 3D deviations of the entire mandibular arch in the test group were significant (95% confidence interval: 0.76 mm to 1.35 mm, p < 0.001).ConclusionsBy analyzing the individual trajectory features obtained by the in‐house developed jaw tracking system, a digital method for determining and recording edentulous maxillomandibular relationships was established; however, the accuracy needs to be further improved.
Phenotypic and genotypic approach to characterize a Trueperella pecoris strain isolated from necrotic vestibulitis of a camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Ahmed M.F.E. , Alssahen M. , Lämmler C. , Hoffmann C. , Prenger-Berninghoff E. , Ewers C. , Plötz M. , Abdulmawjood A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The present study was designed to characterize phenotypically and genotypically a Trueperella (T.) pecoris strain isolated from necrotic vestibulitis of a 10-year-old camel (Camelus dromedarius). The species identity of T. pecoris 203/7 investigated in the present study could be confirmed by phenotypic properties and by phylogenetic analyses based on partial sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene, the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region, the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase encoding gene gap, elongation factor Tu encoding gene tuf and the target gene rpoB encoding the β-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase. T. pecoris strain 203/7 was grouped within the genus Trueperella in the family Arcanobacteriaceae. The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed a sequence identity of 99·9% to reference strain T. pecoris DSM 111392T. The present isolate was clearly identified as T. pecoris, the most recently described species of the genus Trueperella. Strain T. pecoris 203/7 was isolated in moderate numbers from necrotic vestibulitis of the camel and could be of some importance for the infectious process. However, the investigated strain represents the first isolation of T. pecoris from a camel.
Anxiety and Reading Comprehension of Chinese Children with and without Reading Disabilities: The Role of Processing Speed
Authors: Wang Li‐Chih , Chen Ji‐Kang , Tsai Huang‐Ju 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe present study examined the mediating effect of processing speed on the relationship between state anxiety and reading comprehension in Chinese children with and without reading disabilities (RD). A total of 53 Chinese children with RD and 66 typically developing children were administered cognitive and noncognitive measures. We found that the two groups had distinct patterns of state anxiety and processing speed. A significant indirect effect of state anxiety on reading comprehension through processing speed was found only in children with RD. Our findings contribute to filling a research gap and provide evidence to front‐line practitioners for adapting the teaching and measures for Chinese children with RD.
Liver transplantation in patients with liver failure: Twenty years of experience from China
Authors: Ling Sunbin , Jiang Guangjiang , Que Qingyang , Xu Shengjun , Chen Junli , Xu Xiao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLiver transplantation (LT) is the only effective method of treating end‐stage liver disease, such as various types of liver failure. China has the largest number of patients with hepatitis B virus‐related disease, which is also the main cause of liver failure. From the first LT performed in 1977, and especially over the past two decades, LT has experienced rapid development as a result of continuous research and innovation in China. China performs the second‐highest number of LTs every year worldwide, and the quality of LT continues to improve. Starting January 1, 2015, all donor's livers have been from deceased donors and familial donors. Thus, China entered into a new era of LT. However, LT is still a challenging procedure in China. In this review, we introduced the brief history of LT in China, the epidemiology, aetiology and clinical outcomes of LT for liver failure in China and summarized the experience of LT from Chinese LT surgeons and scholars. The future perspectives of LT were also discussed, and it is expected that China's LT research could be further integrated elsewhere in the world.
Interaction between MHC diversity and constitution, gut microbiota and Astrovirus infections in a neotropical bat
Authors: Fleischer Ramona , Schmid Dominik W. , Wasimuddin  , Brändel Stefan D. , Rasche Andrea , Corman Victor M. , Drosten Christian , Tschapka Marco , Sommer Simone 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAstroviruses (AstVs) infect numerous mammalian species including reservoirs such as bats. Peptides encoded by the genes of the highly polymorphic Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) form the first line of host defence against pathogens. Aside from direct involvement in mounting adaptive immune responses, MHC class II genes are hypothesized to regulate gut commensal diversity and shape the production of immune‐modulatory substances by microbes, indirectly affecting host susceptibility. Despite initial empirical evidence for the link between host MHC and the microbiota, associations among these factors remain largely unknown. To fill this gap, we examined MHC allelic diversity and constitution, the gut bacterial community and abundance pattern of a wild population of a neotropical bat (Artibeus jamaicensis) challenged by AstV infections. First, we show an age‐dependent relationship between the host MHC class II diversity and constitution and the gut microbiota in AstV‐uninfected bats. Crucially, these associations changed in AstV‐infected bats. Additionally, we identify changes in the abundance of specific bacterial taxa linked to the presence of certain MHC supertypes and AstV infection. We suggest changes in the microbiota to be either a result of AstV infection or the MHC‐mediated modulation of microbial communities. The latter could subsequently affect microbe‐mediated immunity and resistance against AstV infection. Our results emphasize that the reciprocal nature of host immune genetics, gut microbial diversity and pathogen infection require attention, which are particularly important given their repercussions for disease susceptibility and severity in wild animal populations with a history of zoonotic spillover and frequent human contact.
A targeted approach to investigating immune genes of an iconic Australian marsupial
Authors: Silver Luke W. , Cheng Yuanyuan , Quigley Bonnie L. , Robbins Amy , Timms Peter , Hogg Carolyn J. , Belov Katherine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDisease is a contributing factor to the decline of wildlife populations across the globe. Koalas, iconic yet declining Australian marsupials, are predominantly impacted by two pathogens, Chlamydia and koala retrovirus. Chlamydia is an obligate intracellular bacterium and one of the most widespread sexually transmitted infections in humans worldwide. In koalas, Chlamydia infections can present as asymptomatic or can cause a range of ocular and urogenital disease signs, such as conjunctivitis, cystitis and infertility. In this study, we looked at differences in response to Chlamydia in two northern populations of koalas using a targeted gene sequencing of 1209 immune genes in addition to genome‐wide reduced representation data. We identified two MHC Class I genes associated with Chlamydia disease progression as well as 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms across 17 genes that were associated with resolution of Chlamydia infection. These genes are involved in the innate immune response (TLR5) and defence (TLR5, IFNγ, SERPINE1, STAT2 and STX4). This study deepens our understanding of the role that genetics plays in disease progression in koalas and leads into future work that will use whole genome resequencing of a larger sample set to investigate in greater detail regions identified in this study. Elucidation of the role of host genetics in disease progression and resolution in koalas will directly contribute to better design of Chlamydia vaccines and management of koala populations which have recently been listed as “endangered.”
Riverscape genomics of cichlid fishes in the lower Congo: Uncovering mechanisms of diversification in an extreme hydrological regime
Authors: Kurata Naoko P. , Hickerson Michael J. , Hoffberg Sandra L. , Gardiner Ned , Stiassny Melanie L. J. , Alter S. Elizabeth 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFreshwater fishes are notably diverse, given that freshwater habitat represents a tiny fraction of the earth's surface, but the mechanisms generating this diversity remain poorly understood. Rivers provide excellent models to understand how freshwater diversity is generated and maintained across heterogeneous habitats. In particular, the lower Congo River (LCR) consists of a dynamic hydroscape exhibiting extraordinary aquatic biodiversity, endemicity, morphological and ecological specialization. Previous studies have suggested that the numerous high‐energy rapids throughout the LCR form physical barriers to gene flow, thus facilitating diversification and speciation, generating ichthyofaunal diversity. However, this hypothesis has not been fully explored using genome‐wide SNPs for fish species distributed across the LCR. Here, we examined four lamprologine cichlids endemic to the LCR that are distributed along the river without range overlap. Using genome‐wide SNP data, we tested the hypotheses that high‐energy rapids serve as physical barriers to gene flow that generate genetic divergence at interspecific and intraspecific levels, and that gene flow occurs primarily in a downstream direction. Our results are consistent with the prediction that powerful rapids sometimes act as a barrier to gene flow but also suggest that, at certain temporal and spatial scales, they may provide multidirectional dispersal opportunities for riverine rheophilic cichlid fishes. These results highlight the complexity of diversification processes in rivers and the importance of assessing such processes across different riverscapes.
The language of pluralism from the history of the theory of price determination: Natural price, equilibrium price and administered price
Authors: Bloch Harry 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper seeks to identify terminology to aid in distinguishing the approaches to the theory of price determination as presented in classical political economy, neoclassical economics and post‐Keynesian economics. Through a review of the respective literature, a dominant usage is identified for the theoretical price concept in each theory. Natural price is identified with classical theory, equilibrium price with neoclassical theory and administered price with post‐Keynesian theory. Use of the differentiated terminology is advocated for improving clarity in pluralist discourse on the theory of price determination and the role of prices in modern market economies with their inherent complexity.
A stochastic programming approach to enhance the resilience of infrastructure under weather‐related risk
Authors: Zhang Ning , Alipour Alice 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTThe presented methodology results in an optimal portfolio of resilience‐oriented resource allocation under weather‐related risks. The pre‐event mitigations improve the capacity of the transportation system to absorb shocks from future natural hazards, contributing to risk reduction. The post‐event recovery planning results in enhancing the system's ability to bounce back rapidly, promoting network resilience. Considering the complex nature of the problem due to uncertainty of hazards, and the impact of the pre‐event decisions on post‐event planning, this study formulates a nonlinear two‐stage stochastic programming (NTSSP) model, with the objective of minimizing the direct construction investment and indirect costs in both pre‐event mitigation and post‐event recovery stages. In the model, the first stage prioritizes a bridge group that will be retrofitted or repaired to improve the system's robustness and redundancy. The second stage elaborates the uncertain occurrence of a type of natural hazard with any potential intensity at any possible network location. The damaged state of the network is dependent on decisions made on first‐stage mitigation efforts. While there has been research addressing the optimization of pre‐event or post‐event efforts, the number of studies addressing two stages in the same framework is limited. Even such studies are limited in their application due to the consideration of small networks with a limited number of assets. The NTSSP model addresses this gap and builds a large‐scale data‐driven simulation environment. To effectively solve the NTSSP model, a hybrid heuristic method of evolution strategy with high‐performance parallel computing is applied, through which the evolutionary process is accelerated, and the computing time is reduced as a result. The NTSSP model is implemented in a test‐bed transportation network in Iowa under flood hazards. The results show that the NTSSP model balances the economy and efficiency on risk mitigation within the budgetary investment while constantly providing a resilient system during the full two‐stage course.