bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Layered Double Hydroxide‐Based Micro “Chemical Factory” with Arsenic Processing and Screening Functions on Nitinol for Gallbladder Cancer Treatment
Authors: Xing Shun , Wang Donghui , Zhang Haifeng , Peng Feng , Wu Ling , Liu Lidan , Qiao Yuqin , Ge Naijian , Liu Xuanyong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGallbladder cancer is a common malignant tumor of the biliary system with a high fatality rate. Nitinol (Ni–Ti) stents, a standard treatment for prolonging patients’ lives, are susceptible to reocclusion and cannot inhibit tumor recurrence because they lack antitumor and antibacterial activity. Herein, an arsenic‐loaded layered double‐hydroxide film is constructed on Ni–Ti, forming a micro “chemical factory.” The LDH plays the role of a “processer” which absorbs highly toxic trivalent arsenic (As(III)) and processes it into lowly toxic pentavalent arsenic (As(V)). It also acts as a “quality‐inspector,” confining As(III) in the interlayer and releasing only As(V) (the finished product) to the outside. This control mechanism minimizes the toxicity during contact with normal tissue. The acidic microenvironment and overexpression of glutathione in tumor tissues not only accelerates the release of arsenic from the platform but also triggers the in situ transformation of arsenic from lowly toxic As(V) to highly toxic As(III), exerting a strong arsenic‐mediated antineoplastic effect. Such a microenvironment‐responsive “chemical factory” with arsenic processing and screening functions is expected to prevent tumor overgrowth, metastasis, and bacterial infection and provide new insights into the design of Ni–Ti drug‐eluting stents for gallbladder cancer treatment.
Cu2+‐Chelatable and ROS‐Scavenging MXenzyme as NIR‐II‐Triggered Blood–Brain Barrier‐Crossing Nanocatalyst against Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Du Chengjuan , Feng Wei , Dai Xinyue , Wang Jianhong , Geng Daoying , Li Xiaodan , Chen Yu , Zhang Jun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTransition‐metal dyshomeostasis has been identified as a critical pathogenic factor for the aggregates of amyloid‐beta (Aβ) peptide, which is associated with the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Excessive transition‐metal ions, especially copper ion (Cu2+), catalyze the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggering neuroinflammation and neuronal cell apoptosis. Therefore, developing a robust chelating agent can not only efficiently bind toxic Cu2+, but also simultaneously scavenge the over‐generated ROS that is urgently needed for AD treatment. In this work, a 2D niobium carbide (Nb2C) MXene‐based nano‐chelator is constructed and its performance in suppressing Cu2+‐induced accumulation of aggregated Aβ peptide and acting as a nanozyme (MXenzyme) with powerful antioxidant property to scavenge excess cellular ROS is explored, and the intrinsic mechanism is revealed by computational simulation. Importantly, the benign photothermal effect of Nb2C MXenzyme demonstrates the facilitated permeability of the blood–brain barrier under near‐infrared laser irradiation, conquering limitations of the most conventional anti‐AD therapeutic agents. This work not only demonstrates a favorable strategy for combating AD by engineering Nb2C MXenzyme‐based neuroprotective nano‐chelator, but also paves a distinct insight for extending the biomedical applications of MXenes in treating transition‐metal dyshomeostasis‐and ROS‐mediated central nervous system diseases.
In Situ Synthesis and Microfabrication of High Entropy Alloy and Oxide Compounds by Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Hegde Chidanand , Lim Chin Huat Joel , Teng Tan Hui , Liu Daobin , Kim Young‐Jin , Yan Qingyu , Li Hua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSynthesis and coating of multi‐metal oxides (MMOs) and alloys on conductive substrates are indispensable to electrochemical applications, yet demand multiple, resource‐intensive, and time‐consuming processes. Herein, an alternative approach to the synthesis and coating of alloys and MMOs by femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) is reported. A solution‐based precursor ink is deposited and dried on the substrate and illuminated by a femtosecond laser. During the illumination, dried precursor ink is transformed to MMO/alloys and is simultaneously bonded to the substrate. The formulation of the alloy and MMO precursor ink for laser processing is universally applicable to a large family of oxides and alloys. The process is conducted at room temperature and in an open atmosphere. To demonstrate, a large family of 57 MMOs and alloys are synthesized from a group of 13 elements. As a proof of concept, Ni0.24Co0.23Cu0.24Fe0.15Cr0.14 high entropy alloy synthesized on stainless‐steel foil by FsLDW is used for the oxygen evolution reaction, which achieves a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a significantly low overpotential of 213 mV. Further, FsLDW can also achieve microfabrication of alloys/MMO with feature sizes down to 20 µm.
Recent Advances of Utilizing Artificial Intelligence in Lab on a Chip for Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Zare Harofte Samaneh , Soltani Madjid , Siavashy Saeed , Raahemifar Kaamran 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNowadays, artificial intelligence (AI) creates numerous promising opportunities in the life sciences. AI methods can be significantly advantageous for analyzing the massive datasets provided by biotechnology systems for biological and biomedical applications. Microfluidics, with the developments in controlled reaction chambers, high‐throughput arrays, and positioning systems, generate big data that is not necessarily analyzed successfully. Integrating AI and microfluidics can pave the way for both experimental and analytical throughputs in biotechnology research. Microfluidics enhances the experimental methods and reduces the cost and scale, while AI methods significantly improve the analysis of huge datasets obtained from high‐throughput and multiplexed microfluidics. This review briefly presents a survey of the role of AI and microfluidics in biotechnology. Also, the incorporation of AI with microfluidics is comprehensively investigated. Specifically, recent studies that perform flow cytometry cell classification, cell isolation, and a combination of them by gaining from both AI methods and microfluidic techniques are covered. Despite all current challenges, various fields of biotechnology can be remarkably affected by the combination of AI and microfluidic technologies. Some of these fields include point‐of‐care systems, precision, personalized medicine, regenerative medicine, prognostics, diagnostics, and treatment of oncology and non‐oncology‐related diseases.
Shell‐Isolated Nanoparticle‐Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Lin Long‐Hui , Wang Jing‐Yu , You Chao‐Yu , Qiu Ling‐Hang , Lin Jia‐Sheng , Zhang Fan‐Li , Yang Zhi‐Lin , Zhang Yue‐Jiao , Chen Xi , Li Jian‐Feng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEnhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aims to promote higher sensitivity and obtain better detection limit. The core–shell nanostructures, owing to unique surface plasmon resonance (SPR) enabling distance‐dependent strong localized electromagnetic field, have attracted rising attention in enhanced ECL research and application. However, the present structures usually with porous shell involve electrocatalytic activity from the metal core and adsorption effect from the shell, which interfere with practical SPR enhancement contribution to ECL signal. Herein, to exclude the interference and unveil exact SPR‐enhanced effect, shell‐isolated nanoparticles (SHINs) whose shell gets thicker and becomes pinhole‐free are developed by modifying pH value and particles concentration. Furthermore, allowing for the distribution of hotspots and stronger enhancement, excitation intensity and ECL reaction layer thickness are mainly investigated, and several types of SHINs‐enhanced ECL platforms are prepared to fabricate distinct hotspot distribution via electrostatic attraction (submonolayer) and a layer‐by‐layer deposition method (monolayer). Consequently, the strongest enhancement up to ≈250‐fold is achieved by monolayer SHINs with 10 nm shell, and the platform is applied in a “turn‐off” mode sensing for dopamine. The platform provides new guidelines to shell preparation, interface engineering and hotspots fabrication for superior ECL enhancement and analytical application with high performance.
User‐centered approaches in software development processes: Qualitative research into the practice of Hungarian companies
Authors: Szabó Bálint , Hercegfi Károly 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntegrating user‐centered approaches into development processes is one of the main challenges nowadays that derives from different objectives of software engineering (SE) and human‐computer interaction (HCI) fields. For SE experts, the main goal is quality code creation, whereas for HCI professionals, it is the continuous product interaction with the users. The major question is what tools and timings can be used together to achieve these goals effectively. Therefore, this article provides comparative, exploratory, and qualitative research about possible solutions on how practitioners transfer HCI values and practices to SE processes. The current practice of software companies was studied by conducting interviews on a sample of 13 Hungarian Information Technology companies to explore the SE processes in respect of several dimensions (applied development models, the integrity of user‐centered methods, and the user experience [UX] maturity). According to preliminary expectations, the development processes of the various companies proceed in different steps; nevertheless, they can be well grouped together based on the UX methods applied. The results representing the various user‐centered processes can be considered useful for future decision makers of software companies worldwide.
Molybdenum and cadmium co‐exposure promotesM1macrophage polarization through oxidative stress‐mediated inflammatory response and induces pulmonary fibrosis inShaoxing ducks (Anas platyrhyncha)
Authors: Huang Gang , Luo Junrong , Guo Huiling , Wang Xueru , Hu Zhisheng , Pu Wenjing , Chu Xuesheng , Zhang Caiying 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHigh molybdenum (Mo) and cadmium (Cd) are harmful to the body, but pulmonary toxicity induced by Mo and Cd co‐exposure is unknown. To assess the combined impacts of Mo and Cd on fibrosis through M1 polarization in the lung of ducks, 80 healthy 8‐day‐old Shaoxing ducks (Anas platyrhyncha) were randomly assigned to 4 groups and fed with containing unequal doses of Mo or/and Cd diet. Lung tissues were collected on the 16th week. Results indicated that Mo or/and Cd significantly increased their contents in the lungs, and led to trace elements disorder and histological abnormality, and oxidative stress accompanied by promoting contents of H2O2and MDA and decreasing activities of T‐SOD, GSH‐Px, and CAT, then activated the TLR4/NF‐κB/NLRP3 pathway accompanied by upregulating Caspase‐1, ASC, IL‐18, IL‐1β, TLR4, NF‐κB, and NLRP3 expression levels, and disrupted M1/M2 balance to divert toward M1, which evoked the TGF‐β/Smad2/3‐mediated fibrosis by elevating TGF‐β1, Smad2, Smad3, COL1A1, α‐SMA, and MMP2 expression levels, and decreasing Smad7 and TIMP2 expression levels. The changes of the combined group were most obvious. To sum up, the research demonstrated that Mo or/and Cd may cause macrophages to polarize toward M1 by oxidative stress‐mediated the TLR4/NF‐κB/NLRP3 pathway, then result in fibrosis through the TGF‐β1/Smad2/3 pathway in duck lungs. Mo and Cd may worsen lung damage.
Models of the cardiac L‐type calcium current: A quantitative review
Authors: Agrawal Aditi , Wang Ken , Polonchuk Liudmila , Cooper Jonathan , Hendrix Maurice , Gavaghan David J. , Mirams Gary R. , Clerx Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe L‐type calcium current () plays a critical role in cardiac electrophysiology, and models of are vital tools to predict arrhythmogenicity of drugs and mutations. Five decades of measuring and modeling have resulted in several competing theories (encoded in mathematical equations). However, the introduction of new models has not typically been accompanied by a data‐driven critical comparison with previous work, so that it is unclear which model is best suited for any particular application. In this review, we describe and compare 73 published mammalian models and use simulated experiments to show that there is a large variability in their predictions, which is not substantially diminished when grouping by species or other categories. We provide model code for 60 models, list major data sources, and discuss experimental and modeling work that will be required to reduce this huge list of competing theories and ultimately develop a community consensus model of .This article is categorized under:
Cardiovascular Diseases > Computational Models
Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
In situ X‐ray diffraction studies on the production process of rhenium
Authors: Keilholz Simon , Kohlmann Holger , Uhlenhut Henning , Gabke Andrea , García‐Schollenbruch Marleny 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRhenium powder is industrially produced in a two‐step reaction by reducing NH4ReO4 with hydrogen at 623 and 1173 K. In this study, both steps of the production process have been investigated via in situ X‐ray powder diffraction. Up to 550 K no reaction with hydrogen can be observed. Between 550 K and 623 K poorly crystalline rhenium is formed. Crystallinity is increased during the second step at 1173 K. Annealing under hydrogen or nitrogen provides a comparable product in respect to the examined crystal and real structure parameters independent of the gas atmosphere.
Jets separated by a large pseudorapidity gap at the Tevatron and at the LHC
Authors: Baldenegro C. , Durán P. González , Klasen M. , Royon C. , Salomon J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present a phenomenological analysis of events with two high transverse momentum (pT) jets separated by a large (pseudo-)rapidity interval void of particle activity, also known as jet-gap-jet events. In the limit where the collision energy $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

is much larger than any other momentum scale, the jet-gap-jet process is described in terms of perturbative pomeron exchange between partons within the Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov (BFKL) limit of perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The BFKL pomeron exchange amplitudes, with resummation at the next-to-leading logarithmic approximation, have been embedded in the PYTHIA8 Monte Carlo event generator. Standard QCD dijet events are simulated at next-to-leading order in αs matched to parton showers with POWHEG+PYTHIA8. We compare our calculations to measurements by the CDF, D0, and CMS experiments at center-of-mass energies of 1.8, 7 and 13 TeV. The impact of the theoretical scales, the parton densities, final- and initial-state radiation effects, multiple parton interactions, and pT thresholds and multiplicities of the particles in the rapidity gap on the jet-gap-jet signature is studied in detail. With a strict gap definition (no particle allowed in the gap), the shapes of most distributions are well described except for the CMS azimuthal-angle distribution at 13 TeV. The survival probability is surprisingly well modelled by multiparton interactions in PYTHIA8. Without multiparton interactions, theoretical predictions based on two-channel eikonal models agree qualitatively with fits to the experimental data.
On effective field theories with celestial duals
Authors: Ren Lecheng , Spradlin Marcus , Srikant Akshay Yelleshpur , Volovich Anastasia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We show that associativity of the tree-level OPE in a celestial CFT imposes constraints on the coupling constants of the corresponding bulk theory. These constraints are the same as those derived in [9] from the Jacobi identity of the algebra of soft modes. The constrained theories are interesting as apparently well-defined celestial CFTs with a deformed w1+∞ symmetry algebra. We explicitly work out the ramifications of these constraints on scattering amplitudes involving gluons, gravitons and scalars in these theories. We find that all four-point amplitudes constructible solely from holomorphic or anti-holomorphic three-point amplitudes vanish on the support of these constraints, which implies that all purely holomorphic or purely anti-holomorphic higher-point amplitudes vanish.
Supersymmetric action for 6D (4, 0) supergravity
Authors: Bertrand Yannick , Hohenegger Stefan , Hohm Olaf , Samtleben Henning 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We give a linearized but otherwise complete supersymmetric action for $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (4, 0) supergravity in six dimensions, using a Kaluza-Klein-type 5 + 1 split of coordinates and fields. We provide in particular a significantly simplified version of the bosonic action derived by us recently. This formulation employs fields that are no longer irreducible, subject to a local Lorentz invariance, which in turn simplifies the supersymmetry transfor mations including the exotic gravitino.
Classifications of magnetized T4 and T4/Z2 orbifold models
Authors: Kikuchi Shota , Kobayashi Tatsuo , Nasu Kaito , Uchida Hikaru 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We study constructions and classifications of three-generation models based on magnetized T4 and T4/Z2 orbifold as candidates of the compact space. We focus on chiral fermion zero-mode wave functions in the extra dimensions. Freedoms of constant gauge fields, called Scherk-Schwarz phases are taken into account. We classify three-generation models in a systematic manner, clarifying the relationship between different models. The Higgs sector is also studied by analyzing possible assignments of the magnetic flux and Scherk-Schwarz phases, etc. to left- and right-handed fermions.
$$(1+)$$-complemented, $$(1+)$$-isomorphic copies of $$L_{1}$$ in dual Banach spaces
Authors: Chen Dongyang , Kania Tomasz , Ruan Yingbin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present paper contributes to the ongoing programme of quantification of isomorphic Banach space theory focusing on the Hagler–Stegall characterisation of dual spaces containing complemented copies of $$L_{1}$$

L
1

. As a corollary, we obtain the following quantitative version of the Hagler–Stegall theorem asserting that for a Banach space X, the following statements are equivalent:

X contains almost isometric contains almost isometric copies of $$(\bigoplus _{n=1}^{\infty } \ell _{\infty }^{n})_{\ell _1}$$

(

⨁

n
=
1

∞

ℓ

∞

n

)

ℓ
1

;

for all $$\varepsilon >0$$

ε
>
0

, $$X^{*}$$

X

∗

contains a $$(1+\varepsilon )$$

(
1
+
ε
)

-complemented, $$(1+\varepsilon )$$

(
1
+
ε
)

-isomorphic copy of $$L_{1}$$

L
1

;

for all $$\varepsilon >0$$

ε
>
0

, $$X^{*}$$

X

∗

contains a $$(1+\varepsilon )$$

(
1
+
ε
)

-complemented, $$(1+\varepsilon )$$

(
1
+
ε
)

-isomorphic copy of $$C[0,1]^{*}$$

C

[
0
,
1
]

∗

.

Moreover, if X is separable, one may add the following assertion:

for all $$\varepsilon >0$$

ε
>
0

, there exists a $$(1+\varepsilon )$$

(
1
+
ε
)

-quotient map $$T:X\rightarrow C(\Delta )$$

T
:
X
→
C
(
Δ
)

so that $$T^{*}[C(\Delta )^{*}]$$

T

∗

[
C

(
Δ
)

∗

]

is $$(1+\varepsilon )$$

(
1
+
ε
)

-complemented in $$X^{*}$$

X

∗

, where $$\Delta $$
Δ
is the Cantor set
A novel machine learning model for class III surgery decision
Authors: Lee Hunter , Ahmad Sunna , Frazier Michael , Dundar Mehmet Murat , Turkkahraman Hakan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The primary purpose of this study was to develop a new machine learning model for the surgery/non-surgery decision in class III patients and evaluate the validity and reliability of this model.

Methods
The sample consisted of 196 skeletal class III patients. All the cases were allocated randomly, 136 to the training set and the remaining 60 to the test set. Using the test set, the success rate of the artificial neural network model was estimated, along with a 95% confidence interval. To predict surgical cases, we trained a binary classifier using two different methods: random forest (RF) and logistic regression (LR).

Results
Both the RF and the LR model showed high separability when classifying each patient for surgical or non-surgical treatment. RF achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9395 on the test set. 95% confidence intervals were computed by bootstrap sampling as lower bound = 0.7908 and higher bound = 0.9799. On the other hand, LR achieved an AUC of 0.937 on the test set. 95% confidence intervals were computed by bootstrap sampling as lower bound = 0.8467 and higher bound = 0.9812.

Conclusions
RF and LR machine learning models can be used to generate accurate and reliable algorithms to successfully classify patients up to 90%. The features selected by the algorithms coincide with the clinical features that we as clinicians weigh heavily when determining a treatment plan. This study further supports that overjet, Wits appraisal, lower incisor angulation, and Holdaway H angle can be used as strong predictors in assessing a patient’s surgical needs.
Die extrakorporale Stoßwellentherapie als Therapiealternative bei posttraumatischer verzögerter Knochenheilung
Authors: Hempe Sebastian , Bieler Dan , Braunegger Grit , Schilling Thomas , Waldeck Stephan , Kollig Erwin 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Posttraumatische Knochenheilungsstörungen stellen eine relevante Komplikation von Frakturen dar. Die operative Revision hat sich als Standardtherapie etabliert. Als alternatives, nichtoperatives Behandlungsverfahren kann die extrakorporale Stoßwellentherapie (ESWT) die Möglichkeit bieten, die potenziellen Komplikationen eines operativen Vorgehens zu vermeiden.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die Ergebnisse einer eigenen Fallserie sollen dargestellt und mit der aktuellen Literatur verglichen werden.

Material und Methoden
Im Zeitraum von 2007 bis 2016 wurden 97 Patienten mit posttraumatischer Knochenheilungsstörung alternativ zu einer Revisionsoperation mittels ESWT behandelt. Klinische und demografische Parameter dieses Kollektivs wurden erhoben und ausgewertet. Primärer Endpunkt war die knöcherne Ausheilung. Verschiedene Faktoren wurden hinsichtlich ihres Einflusses auf die Frakturkonsolidierung untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Nach ESWT konnte eine Konsolidierungsrate von 60,8 % erzielt werden. Eine präinterventionelle Diastase ≥ 5 mm, eine initiale Dislokation > ½ Schaftbreite, aktiver Nikotinkonsum sowie ein Zeitraum von der Fraktur bis zur ESWT > 6 Monate wurden als signifikant negative Einflussfaktoren identifiziert. Es traten keine relevanten Komplikationen auf.

Schlussfolgerung
Die ESWT ist eine sichere und vielversprechende Therapiealternative bei posttraumatisch verzögerter Knochenheilung. Unter Berücksichtigung von vorab zu identifizierenden Risikofaktoren kann ihre Erfolgsrate gesteigert werden.

Graphic abstract
Can we explore AF–pacemakers’ relationship using clinical and echocardiographic parameters in patients with permanent pacemaker? (Echocardiography and subclinical AF in permanent pacemaker)
Authors: EL-Dosouky Ibtesam I. , Ammar Ahmed Shafie , El Sherbiny Islam A. , Mahmoud Mohamed M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPatients on implanted permanent pacemakers frequently develop atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to determine the Echocardiographic and clinical parameters predicting AF in patients with a dual-chamber (DDD) pacemaker. This retrospective study included 208 patients with permanent pacemaker, classified according to development of AF during follow up into 2 groups: AF (77, 37%) and non AF (131, 63%), baseline: clinical, ECG(P-wave dispersion) and echo {diastolic wall strain (DWS),left arial volume index (LAVI), left ventricular stiffness index(LVSI)} data were assessed. AF group were older with more P wave dispersion, lesser DWS, greater LVSI& LAVI, LVSI at a cut off > 0.13 and DWS at a cut off < 0.34 were predictors of AF in patients with DDD pacemakers. LVSI and DWS could be used as simple good predictors for AF in patients with DDD pacemakers, for timely initiation of anticoagulants according to CHA2DS2VASc score to decrease ischemic stroke burden.