bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preferential flow patterns in forested hillslopes of east Tibetan Plateau revealed by dye tracing and soil moisture network
Authors: Wang Fei , Wang Genxu , Cui Junfang , Guo Li , Mello Carlos R. , Boyer Elizabeth W. , Tang Xiangyu , Yang Yi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPreferential flow (PF) through soil and regolith results in a rapid vertical and lateral water movement within the profile. This study focused on quantifying PF in contrasting forested hillslopes of the Hailuo Valley, located on China's east Tibetan Plateau. Quantifying PF in this region is challenging since the underlying matrix is complex, with shallow soils, thick underlying saprolite, and the combined effect of moraines and weathered residual material. We developed new methods that integrated dye tracing with a high‐frequency soil moisture monitoring network to characterise PF pathways and quantity PF frequency on contrasting forested hillslopes (coniferous and broadleaved). Dye tracing experiments showed that soil‐root interfaces in the upper soil layer (10–50 cm) and soil‐rock interfaces in the deeper soil layer (50–100 cm) were the primary PF pathways and that large rocks strongly influence the percolation depth of water. The high‐frequency soil moisture network revealed that the mean PF frequency was 67.8% and 71.7% in the coniferous and broadleaved forests, respectively. The frequency of PF in the deeper soil layer increased from upslope to the downslope locations on both forested hillslopes, highlighting the tendency for PF to occur downslope. In addition to matrix conditions (e.g., stony saprolite soil), the total amount and maximum intensity of precipitation (as throughfall in this study) were identified as factors that control PF occurrence. In contrast, the initial soil water conditions (at 10, 50 and 100 cm depth) were insignificant in predicting PF occurrence. Results of this field‐based study highlight that PF is a ubiquitous and critical subsurface flow mechanism that regulates rainfall‐runoff relationships in forests of the Tibetan Plateau, underscoring the need to consider PF in hillslope hydrological modelling.Highlights
Combined dye tracing and soil moisture monitoring network were applied to explore PF on forested hillslopes.
Root networks and rock fragments constituted the main PF paths.
PF frequency increased from upslope to downslope in two forest types.
Initial soil moisture conditions showed no controlling effect on PF occurrence.
Evidence in stable isotope ratios for lichen‐feeding by Lithosiini moths from a tropical rainforest but not from a temperate forest
Authors: Kawagoe Hasumi , Itioka Takao , Hyodo Fujio , Iku Asano , Shimizu‐kaya Usun , Meleng Paulus 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLithosiini (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) is distinctive in having some species that feed on lichens, whereas the majority of moths feed on vascular plants. However, the larval diet of most Lithosiini species is poorly known. This study examines whether Lithosiini species, collected in a tropical rainforest of Borneo (nine species) and a temperate forest of Japan (eight species), feed on lichens as larvae, based on stable isotope analyses. As a result, the δ15N values for eight of nine Lithosiini species collected from Borneo were notably lower than those of nine co‐occurring herbivorous non‐Lithosiini species, and were similar to those of sympatric, lichen‐feeding termites; however, δ13C and δ15N values of one Lithosiini species (Adites sp.) were significantly higher than those of the other moth species and similar to those of humus‐feeding termites and predatory insects occurring at the same site. These results have suggested that the Lithosiini in the Southeast Asian tropical rainforests contain some species that feed on lichens as their larval main diet and at least one species whose larvae feed on humus or animal‐derived materials. In contrast, the δ13C and δ15N values of all examined Lithosiini species (eight species) in the temperate forest have suggested that their larvae fed on plants and not on lichens. Our stable isotope ratio analysis presented quantitative evidence suggesting lichen‐feeding by Lithosiini moths in a tropical rainforest without observation of feeding behavior during the larval stages.
On the trail of iron uptake in ancestral Cyanobacteria on early Earth
Authors: Enzingmüller‐Bleyl Tristan C. , Boden Joanne S. , Herrmann Achim J. , Ebel Katharina W. , Sánchez‐Baracaldo Patricia , Frankenberg‐Dinkel Nicole , Gehringer Michelle M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCyanobacteria oxygenated Earth's atmosphere ~2.4 billion years ago, during the Great Oxygenation Event (GOE), through oxygenic photosynthesis. Their high iron requirement was presumably met by high levels of Fe(II) in the anoxic Archean environment. We found that many deeply branching Cyanobacteria, including two Gloeobacter and four Pseudanabaena spp., cannot synthesize the Fe(II) specific transporter, FeoB. Phylogenetic and relaxed molecular clock analyses find evidence that FeoB and the Fe(III) transporters, cFTR1 and FutB, were present in Proterozoic, but not earlier Archaean lineages of Cyanobacteria. Furthermore Pseudanabaena sp. PCC7367, an early diverging marine, benthic strain grown under simulated Archean conditions, constitutively expressed cftr1, even after the addition of Fe(II). Our genetic profiling suggests that, prior to the GOE, ancestral Cyanobacteria may have utilized alternative metal iron transporters such as ZIP, NRAMP, or FicI, and possibly also scavenged exogenous siderophore bound Fe(III), as they only acquired the necessary Fe(II) and Fe(III) transporters during the Proterozoic. Given that Cyanobacteria arose 3.3–3.6 billion years ago, it is possible that limitations in iron uptake may have contributed to the delay in their expansion during the Archean, and hence the oxygenation of the early Earth.
Cytocompatibility and bioactive potential of AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer: An in vitro study
Authors: Sanz José Luis , López‐García Sergio , Rodríguez‐Lozano Francisco Javier , Melo María , Lozano Adrián , Llena Carmen , Forner Leopoldo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo assess the cytocompatibility and bioactive potential of the new calcium silicate cement‐based sealer AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer (AHPbcs) on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) compared with the epoxy resin‐based sealer AH Plus (AHP) and the calcium silicate cement‐based sealer Endosequence BC Sealer (ESbcs).MethodologyStandardized sample discs and 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4 eluates of the tested materials were prepared. The following assays were performed: surface element distribution via SEM–EDX, cell attachment and morphology via SEM, cell viability via a MTT assay, cell migration/proliferation via a wound‐healing assay, osteo/cemento/odontogenic marker expression via RT‐qPCR and cell mineralized nodule formation via Alizarin Red S staining. HPDLSCs were isolated from extracted third molars. Comparisons were made with hPDLSCs cultured in unconditioned (negative control) or osteogenic (positive control) culture media. Statistical significance was established at p < .05.ResultsA higher peak of Ca2+ was detected from ESbcs compared with AHPbcs and AHP in SEM–EDX. Both AHPbcs and ESbcs showed significantly positive results in the cytocompatibility assays (cell viability, migration/proliferation, attachment and morphology) compared with a negative control group, whilst AHP showed significant negative results. Both AHPbcs and ESbcs exhibited an upregulation of at least one osteo/odonto/cementogenic marker compared with the negative and positive control groups. Both ESbcs and AHPbcs showed a significantly higher calcified nodule formation than the negative and positive control groups, indicative of their biomineralization potential and were also significantly higher than AHP group.ConclusionAH Plus Bioceramic Sealer exhibited a significantly higher cytocompatibility and bioactive potential than AH Plus and a similar cytocompatibility to that of Endosequence BC Sealer. Endosequence BC Sealer exhibited a significantly higher mineralization potential than the other tested sealers. The results from this in vitro study act as supporting evidence for the use of AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer in root canal treatment.
Edible insects: environmentally friendly sustainable future food source
Authors: Lumanlan Jane Cantre , Williams Mark , Jayasena Vijay 
Published: July 2022

SummaryMeeting the increasing consumer demand for affordable, sustainable and nutritious food is a great challenge. The rapidly growing population will have unprecedented demand for meat and meat‐based products. The livestock sector is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and a major user of land and water resources. Excessive animal farming adversely affects the environment, accelerating climate change. This review article emphasises on edible insects as an alternative and sustainable food source. Edible insects can transform a wide variety of organic products, including agricultural and food wastes, into high‐quality proteins with essential amino acids. Edible insect oil contains healthy fatty acids such as lauric acid, oleic acid and omega‐3 and 6 commonly found in coconut oil, olive oil and fish oil with health benefits. Substitution of edible insects in some food products with low nutritional value can increase protein content up to 100%. Farming edible insects can be an effective solution to food waste management which is a global problem.
Effectiveness of two and three mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine doses against Omicron‐ and Delta‐Related outpatient illness among adults, October 2021–February 2022
Authors: Kim Sara S. , Chung Jessie R. , Talbot H. Keipp , Grijalva Carlos G. , Wernli Karen J. , Kiniry Erika , Martin Emily T. , Monto Arnold S. , Belongia Edward A. , McLean Huong Q. , Gaglani Manjusha , Mamawala Mufaddal , Nowalk Mary Patricia , Moehling Geffel Krissy , Tartof Sara Y. , Florea Ana , Lee Justin S. , Tenforde Mark W. , Patel Manish M. , Flannery Brendan ,   Strain Surveillance and Emerging Variants Team
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe estimated SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta‐ and Omicron‐specific effectiveness of two and three mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine doses in adults against symptomatic illness in US outpatient settings.MethodsBetween October 1, 2021, and February 12, 2022, research staff consented and enrolled eligible participants who had fever, cough, or loss of taste or smell and sought outpatient medical care or clinical SARS‐CoV‐2 testing within 10 days of illness onset. Using the test‐negative design, we compared the odds of receiving two or three mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine doses among SARS‐CoV‐2 cases versus controls using logistic regression. Regression models were adjusted for study site, age, onset week, and prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated as (1 − adjusted odds ratio) × 100%.ResultsAmong 3847 participants included for analysis, 574 (32%) of 1775 tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 during the Delta predominant period and 1006 (56%) of 1794 participants tested positive during the Omicron predominant period. When Delta predominated, VE against symptomatic illness in outpatient settings was 63% (95% CI: 51% to 72%) among mRNA two‐dose recipients and 96% (95% CI: 93% to 98%) for three‐dose recipients. When Omicron predominated, VE was 21% (95% CI: −6% to 41%) among two‐dose recipients and 62% (95% CI: 48% to 72%) among three‐dose recipients.ConclusionsIn this adult population, three mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine doses provided substantial protection against symptomatic illness in outpatient settings when the Omicron variant became the predominant cause of COVID‐19 in the United States. These findings support the recommendation for a third mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine dose.
Competitive strategies for ensuring Fintech platform performance: Evidence from multiple case studies
Authors: Ng Evelyn , Pan Shan L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe emergence of Fintech platforms has revolutionized the way financial services are provided. And yet, in spite of their growing prominence in the global financial sector, there remains a lack of understanding of the competitive strategies that are appropriate for these platform‐based businesses, and the implications of those strategies for their performance. Examining four case studies of some of the most successful Fintech platforms in China from the theoretical perspective of the core logics of strategy, we develop a theoretical framework that suggests that the nature of the competitive strategies deployed by a Fintech platform should be contingent on (1) the extent to which their services can be differentiated, as well as (2) the tangibility and physical presence of the platform’s service offerings. More specifically, our framework presents four different combinations of competitive strategies that Fintech platforms can adopt contingent on the nature of their services along these two dimensions. In addition, beyond the two dimensions, our framework suggests that all Fintech platforms should be underpinned by a common strategic core consisting of strategies that align the platform with social pressures. These pressures include those exerted by the government, the market, and society in general. With its findings, it is hoped that our study will provide specific guidance for Fintech practitioners on the appropriate competitive strategies to adopt in order to set their platforms on the path of commercial success.
Critical care nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pressure injury prevention in China: A multicentric cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Li Jiamin , Zhu Chen , Liu Ying , Li Zhaoyu , Sun Xiangyu , Bai Yunfeng , Song Baoyun , Jin Jingfen , Liu Yilan , Wen Xianxiu , Cheng Shouzhen , Wu Xinjuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPressure injury is a serious and preventable problem in intensive care units. Translating guidelines into clinical practice can reduce the incidence of pressure injury. Identifying clinical status, barriers and facilitators contribute to guideline implementation. To identify the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pressure injury prevention in Chinese critical care nurses. Secondary data were extracted from a multicentric clinical trial. Knowledge and attitudes toward pressure injury prevention were assessed by a fourteen‐item questionnaire. The observed practices were recorded using a case report form. The report complies with the STROBE statement. A total of 950 critical care nurses in 15 hospitals from six provinces of China were investigated. A total of 53.1% of nurses received a median score of 6 points or less. Knowledge regarding the repositioning procedure, risk assessment, and heel pressure injury prevention was insufficient. Over 99% of nurses strongly or somewhat agreed that pressure injury prevention was very important and that they were willing to take measures to prevent pressure injury. A total of 27 781 patient days of pressure injury prevention practice were recorded. Repositioning was the most commonly used prevention measure, followed by support surfaces and prophylactic dressings. A combination of repositioning, support surface, and prophylactic dressing was lacking. Chinese critical nurses showed a low level of knowledge and a positive attitude toward pressure injury prevention. Practices of pressure injury prevention were unsatisfactory. There is a clear gap between the guidelines and clinical practices. The barrier (low‐level knowledge) and facilitator (positive attitude) were identified in this study. According to these findings, strategies need to be developed to promote guideline implementation.
A systematic review of movement monitoring devices to aid the prediction of pressure ulcers in at‐risk adults
Authors: Moore Zena , Avsar Pinar , O'Connor Tom , Budri Aglecia , Bader Dan L. , Worsley Peter , Caggiari Silvia , Patton Declan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe present study sought to explore the impact of movement monitoring devices on risk prediction and prevention of pressure ulcers (PU) among adults. Using systematic review methodology, we included original research studies using a prospective design, written in English, assessing adult patients' movement in bed, using a movement monitoring device. The search was conducted in March 2021, using PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases, and returned 1537 records, of which 25 met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted using a pre‐designed extraction tool and quality appraisal was undertaken using the evidence‐based librarianship (EBL). In total, 19 different movement monitoring devices were used in the studies, using a range of physical sensing principles. The studies focused on quantifying the number and types of movements. In four studies the authors compared the monitoring system with PU risk assessment tools, with a variety of high and low correlations observed. Four studies compared the relationship between movement magnitude and frequency and the development of PUs, with variability in results also identified. Two of these studies showed, as expected, that those who made less movements developed more PU; however, the two studies also unexpectedly found that PUs occurred in both low movers and high movers. In the final two studies, the authors focused on the concordance with recommended repositioning based on the results of the monitoring device. Overall, concordance with repositioning increased with the use of a monitoring device. The synthesis of the literature surrounding bed monitoring technologies for PU risk prediction showed that a range of physical sensors can be used to detect the frequency of movement. Clinical studies showed some correlation between parameters of movement and PU risk/incidence, although the heterogeneity of approaches limits generalisable recommendations.
Salmonella contamination and hazard analysis in a storage facility for feed materials in Japan
Authors: Morita Takayuki , Ohyagi Noboru , Matsuura Junichi , Kawaguchi Tamio , Ishizaki Naoto 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
To reduce Salmonella contamination of animal feeds, Salmonella contamination in a feed materials storage facility was investigated, and hazard analysis was performed to acquire the basic information necessary to establish a control method for Salmonella. The result is that managers of feed materials storage facilities will be able to introduce the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) systems to quickly and efficiently.

Methods and Results
A total of 472 samples, including deposits, adhesions, environment samples and materials, were investigated. The detection rate in the storage facility was 5.1% (24/472) over the three-year investigation period. The serovars of detected Salmonella were Agona, Anatum, Bron (or Agbeni), Chester, Infantis, Mbandaka, Minnesota, Muenster, Sinstorf, Typhimurium, O18:– and O1,3,19:–. As a result of hazard analysis after confirming the multiplication factors and detection rate, important hazards were judged to be the outdoor equipment and dust collector.

Conclusions
The risk of Salmonella contamination in storage facilities was clarified. Important Salmonella hazards in storage facilities are Salmonella-contaminated feed materials, multiplication factors such as rainwater and dew condensation, and Salmonella-accumulated dust in dust collectors for fine-powder recovery. These results suggest that proper control of these hazards could reduce the risk of Salmonella in storage facilities.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This is the first report describing actual Salmonella contamination conditions and risk assessment using the hazard analysis at a feed materials storage facility in Japan. This study will consider implications for the feed industry because the hazard analysis clarified the sites of Salmonella contamination, the tendency of contamination and the points for implementing control measures in the feed materials storage facility.
High-titre production of aromatic amines in metabolically engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Yang Taiwei , Wu Peiling , Zhang Yang , Cao Mingfeng , Yuan Jifeng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
Aromatic amines with diverse physical characteristics are often employed as antioxidants and precursors to pharmaceutical products. As the traditional chemical methods pose serious environmental pollution, there is an arising interest in biomanufacturing aromatic amines from renewable feedstocks.

Materials and results
We report the establishment of a bacterial platform for synthesizing three types of aromatic amines, namely, tyramine, dopamine and phenylethylamine. First, we expressed aromatic amino acid decarboxylase from Enterococcus faecium (pheDC) in an Escherichia coli strain with increasing shikimate (SHK) pathway flux towards L-tyrosine. We found that glycerol served as a better carbon source than glucose, resulting in 940 ± 46 mg/L tyramine from 4% glycerol. Next, the genes of lactate dehydrogenase (ldhA), pyruvate formate lyase (pflB), phosphate acetyltransferase (pta) and alcohol dehydrogenase (adhE) were deleted to mitigate the fermentation by-product formation. The tyramine level was further increased to 1.965 ± 0.205 g/L in the shake flask, which was improved by 2.1 times compared with that of the parental strain. By using a similar strategy, we also managed to produce 703 ± 21 mg/L dopamine and 555 ± 50 mg/L phenethylamine.

Conclusions
We demonstrated that the knockout of ldhA-pflB-pta-adhE is an effective strategy for improving aromatic amine productions.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This study achieved the highest aromatic amine titres in E. coli under shake flask reported to date.
Impact of a probiotic diet on well-being of healthy senior: THE PROBIOSENIOR PROJECT
Authors: Salvesi Chiara , Silvi Stefania , Fiorini Dennis , Scortichini Serena , Sagratini Gianni , Palermo Francesco A. , De Leone Renato , Egidi Nadaniela , Fatone Lorella , Cifani Carlo , Amedei Amedeo , Scocchera Francesca , Morici Mara , Gatto Beatrice , Mannucci Fausto , Valeriani Valerio , Malavasi Marco , Servili Sara , Casula Andrea , Cresci Andrea , Corradetti Ivano , Carpi Francesco , Picciolini Matteo , Coman Maria Magdalena , Verdenelli Maria Cristina 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this work was to assess the effects of a probiotic diet on well-being of healthy seniors living in boarding and private homes in Marche Region, Italy. In particular, we focused on the modulation of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP), intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).

Methods and Results
Ninety-seven healthy seniors took part in a double-blind, placebo-controlled feeding study (59 fed probiotics, 38 fed placebo) for 6 months. Each volunteer ingested daily one food product or a dietary supplement enriched with Synbio® blend (Synbiotec Srl, Camerino, Italy) or the placebo (control group). Blood and faecal samples were collected before and at the end of the intervention period to perform biochemical and microbiological analyses. The serum HsCRP difference value after 6 months of treatment was significantly higher in the probiotic group than placebo (p &lt; 0.05). After the intervention, a significant increase in faecal lactobacilli and a bifidobacteria increase in more participants were observed in the probiotic group. The 16S NGS analysis on the probiotic group showed a decreasing trend of Proteobacteria at the end of the treatment and conversely, an increasing trend of Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia phyla, to which the increase of Akkermansiaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae contributes at the family level. Finally, total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and butyric acid were significantly higher in the probiotic group at the end of the treatment respect to the beginning.

Conclusions
Overall, this study emphasizes the beneficial anti-inflammageing effect of a prolonged diet based on functional foods enriched with Synbio® through the modulation of the intestinal microbiota and the consequent increase in the SCFA production.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Synbio® integration in elderly daily diet may be a preventive strategy to support healthy ageing.