bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivations, Sources of Influence and Barriers To Being a Podiatrist: A National Questionnaire of Student Views
Authors: Wallis Lucy , Faulkner James , Locke Rachel , Harden Beverley , Cowley Emma E 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Podiatry is an allied health profession which has seen a substantial decline in numbers in recent years. Every effort is required to recruit more students to reverse this diminishing supply and meet national foot health needs. To increase the number of applications to podiatry courses and encourage individuals to choose podiatry careers, it is important to understand the key motivations, sources of influence and barriers to choosing a podiatry career among current podiatry students, and consider the influence of choosing podiatry before or after a first career.
Methods

An online questionnaire, comprising mainly Likert-scale questions, was disseminated to podiatry students in England between February and March 2021. Respondents to the questionnaire were categorised as individuals who had either decided to engage in the profession ‘before’ or ‘after’ a first career. Mann-Whitney U non-parametric difference tests were performed to compare outcome questions relating to motivations, sources of influence and barriers between groups.
Results

115 students completed the questionnaire. Overall, the study demonstrated many similarities between the groups (before and after a first career). However, there were distinct differences when considering some of the motivations (i.e., intellectually stimulating, student bursaries), sources of influence (i.e., own patient experience) and barriers (i.e., financial, job availability) associated with engaging in the podiatry profession. Overall, altruistic reasons were the key motivations for choosing podiatry. Personal sources of influence such as conducting own research, was the most important source of influence. Similar to other studies, a lack of awareness of the podiatry profession and what it entails remains problematic.
Conclusions

This is the first national questionnaire investigating career choice decision-making for podiatry students in England or in any other country. The similarities suggest that marketing is applicable to both groups. However, an absolute must is a future national strategy that makes educational sources more impactful. Additionally, following the Covid-19 pandemic, the increased interest in health and care professions suggests now is the right time to market podiatry to individuals looking for a career change. Finally, the influence of personal encounters with podiatrists shows the transformational role podiatrists can have in recruiting to the profession.
Influence of SiO2 form the rice husk ash and coal fly ash particles on the mechanical behaviour and grain characteristics of the stir-casted hybrid composites
Authors: Olorunyolemi Oladipupo Charles , Ogunsanya Olusegun Adebayo , Akinwande Abayomi Adewale , Balogun Oluwatosin Abiodun , Kumar M. Saravana 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The grain characteristics and mechanical properties of aluminium composites reinforced with Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and Coal Fly Ash (CFA), produced by double stir casting in a sand mould, were investigated. As-cast Al.6063 alloys contained eutectic silicon with sharp, long elongated laths which reduces strength and limits their applications. Cold rolling operation was selected to break those eutectic laths and refine the grains for the purpose of property enhancement. RHA and CFA were chosen because they are economical, possess low density and are available in enormous quantities as solid waste by-products. They contain a substantial concentration of SiO2 and serve as a viable reinforcement for improving mechanical properties of aluminium composites. The reinforcements were added in varying concentrations (1.5 and 3.0 wt.%). Six specimens were fabricated of which five were cold-rolled. Image J and Origin software was used in evaluating the average grain size of the fabricated alloys and its composites. The results were discussed with the help of grain size distribution and profile plots. Structural and composition analysis were done using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDX and XRD. Hardness and tensile tests were conducted on the aluminium composites. The results indicated that Al.6063-3 wt.% CFA composite demonstrated the best balance of mechanical properties with hardness of 79 HV, tensile strength of 151 MPa and average grain size of 11.39 µm. This improvement is linked to the effect of SiO2 in CFA and plastic deformation of the specimens.
All Position-independent and Position-dependent Geometric Error Measurement and Identification of Precision Horizontal Boring Machine Tool
Authors: Guo Shijie , Tang Shufeng , Wu Jianxin , Qiao Guan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Geometric error is the main obstacle that affects the quasi-static accuracy of horizontal boring machine tool. To improve quasi-static performance, the error terms that all PIGEs and PDGEs must be measurement and identified precisely. This study proposes a novel methodology for measuring and identifying that the above two types of geometric errors based on DBB for rotary axis. The error terms of linear axis are identified from measurement model based on exponential product method and a preset measure trajectory, and the measure coordinate system be unified together with reference coordinate to lower the uncertainty of identification accuracy, and then Elastic Net method and improved weight function IGG3-LTS method are established to identify the PIGEs and PDGEs of rotary and linear axes respectively. This method has the advantage that measurement with built in-sensors method that synchronously without interfering with the running state of the machine tool, and neither the inaccuracy of reference-frame misalignment nor installation error of the measuring instrument affects the geometric error identification results of linear axis. , the other is all PIGEs and PDGEs particular to rotary axis of horizontal boring machine tool are determinated accurately. The measurement and identify strategy is demonstrated by experimental comparison on a four-axis precision horizontal boring machine tool, the minimum compensation rate of each precision index of test specimen is 40.0%, the average compensation rate is 52.7%, and the maximum compensation rate is 62.5%. under the actual condition of machine tool.
Health Workers' Use of Routine Health Information and Related Factors at Public Health Institutions in Illubabor Zone, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Benti Amanuel , Hajito Kifle Woldemichael , Daka Dawit Wolde , Ergiba Meskerem Seboka , Senay Asaye Birhanu , Abdi Ketema Lemma , Wordofa Muluemebet Abera 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Proper utilization of health data has paramount importance for health service management. However, it is less practiced in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess routine health information utilization and identify factors associated with it among health workers in the Illubabor zone, Western Ethiopia.Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2021 with a total of 423 randomly selected health workers. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire that was developed based on the performance of routine information system management (PRISM) framework. We created composite variables for health workers' knowledge, attitude, abilities, and information utilization based on existing data. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed and the statistical association between the outcome and independent variables was declared using 95 percent CI and a P-value<0.05Results: About two-thirds or 279 health workers (66.0 percent, 95 percent CI: 61.3, 70.4) had good health information utilization. Two-thirds of health workers think organizational decision-making culture (67.1 percent, 95 percent CI: 62.6, 71.5) and facility managers' or supervisors' promotion of information use (65.5 percent, 95 percent CI: 60.9, 69.9) are positive. Over half of health workers (57.0 percent, 95 percent confidence interval: 52.2, 61.6) have a positive attitude toward data management, and the majority (85.8 percent, 95 percent confidence interval: 82.2, 88.9) believe they are competent of performing routine data analysis and interpretation activities. Only about two-thirds of health workers (65.5 percent, 95 percent CI: 60.9, 69.9) were proficient in data analysis and interpretation.Conclusions: The use of routine health information was higher than the national target and data from other literatures, yet an unacceptably large number of health personnel did not use information. As a result, efforts should be made to increase health workers' data management knowledge and skills, as well as the organizational culture of data utilization.
Exercise Training After Isoproterenol in Middle-Aged Female Rats Reversed Effects on the Heart, Without Affecting the Brain
Authors: Tóth Kata , Oroszi Tamás , Zee Eddy A. , Nyakas Csaba , Schoemaker Regien G. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction Females with cardiovascular disease may be more susceptible to concomitant mental problems, such as depression and cognitive decline. Exercise training has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system as well as on mental functions. Aim of the present study was to study the effects of exercise training on heart, brain and behavior in the isoproterenol (ISO) model in middle-aged female rats. Methods Twelve months old female Wistar rats were submitted to ISO injections (70 mg/kg s.c., on two consecutive days) or received saline. One week later, rats were assigned to either exercise training (treadmill running) or control handling for five weeks. During the last 7 days, tests were performed regarding depressive-like behavior and cognitive function. Then, rats were sacrificed and heart and brains were dissected for (immuno)histochemistry.Results ISO-induced cardiac effects were eminent from cardiac fibrosis and declined cardiac function. Exercise training reversed cardiac damage and partly restored ISO-induced cardiac dysfunction. However, ISO treatment could not be associated with neuroinflammation, nor impaired hippocampal neurogenesis or neuronal function. Accordingly, no mental problems, such as cognitive decline or depressive-like behavior were observed. Actually, hippocampal microglia hyper-ramification and increased sucrose preference were observed after ISO. Exercise left neuroinflammation and behavior merely unaltered, and even reduced neuronal function. Conclusion Our data indicated that the substantial cardiac damage after ISO in middle aged female rats, and the subsequent beneficial effects of five weeks exercise training on the heart, were not reflected in changes in the brain nor in altered behavior.
Prognostic value of cervical nodal necrosis on staging imaging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in era of intensity-modulated radiotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ai Qi-Yong H. , Hung Kuo Feng , So Tiffany Y. , Mo Frankie K.F. , Chin Wing Tsung Anthony , Hui Edwin P. , Ma Brigette B.Y. , King Ann D. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purposes

To systematically review and perform meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic value of cervical nodal necrosis (CNN) on the staging computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in era of intensity-modulated radiotherapy.
Methods

Literature search through PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library was conducted. The hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of CNN for distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were extracted from the eligible studies and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the pooled HRs with 95%CI.
Results

Nine studies, which investigated the prognostic values of 6 CNN patterns on MRI were included. Six/9 studies were eligible for meta-analysis, which investigated the CNN presence/absence in any nodal group among 4359 patients. The pooled unadjusted HRs showed that the CNN presence predicted poor DMFS (HR =1.89, 95%CI =1.72-2.08), DFS (HR =1.57, 95%CI =1.08-2.26), and OS (HR =1.87, 95%CI =1.69-2.06). The pooled adjusted HRs also showed the consistent results for DMFS (HR =1.34, 95%CI =1.17-1.54), DFS (HR =1.30, 95%CI =1.08-1.56), and OS (HR =1.61, 95%CI =1.27-2.04). Results shown in the other studies analysing different CNN patterns indicated the high grade of CNN predicted poor outcome, but meta-analysis was unable to perform because the heterogeneity of the analysed CNN patterns.
Conclusion

The CNN observed on the staging MRI is a negative factor for NPC outcome, suggesting that the inclusion of CNN is important in the future survival analysis. However, whether and how should CNN be included in the staging system warrant further evaluation.
Occurrence, distribution and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in soil: A case study from semi-arid region of southwest Punjab, India.
Authors: . Karanveer , Bala Ritu , Das Debabrata 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Numerous groundwater studies exist on the heavy metal (HM) pollution in Punjab, however, research is quite limited in the soil system of the region. In the current work, detailed study has been carried out on the distribution of toxic metals in the agricultural and barren soil (AS & BS) samples in the semi-arid region of Punjab. Pollution level of HMs was determined by using various pollution indices like geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), pollution index and pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk assessment (PERI). A total of 11 toxic elements were measured and 2 fold values were observed in the AS samples. Range of HMs in the AS samples were 3.9 – 28.1, 29.2 - 90, 6.7 – 32.8, 4.2 – 65.6, 13019.5 – 43900, 95.7 – 553, 13.1 – 42.1, 16.5 – 25.2, 82 – 267, 25 – 78.6, 25.4 – 131.8 mg/kg for As, Cr, Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, V and Zn respectively. It is seen that there is high variability in the spatial distribution of metals throughout the region indicating the role of anthropogenic activities. Pollution levels reveal the studied region to be moderately contaminated in terms of anthropogenic pollution. Multivariate statistical analysis results also revealed that the majority of HM pollution in the region is due to anthropogenic activities with few elements to be of geogenic origin. Potential health risks assessment is carried out and total hazard index (HI) values were in the acceptable range but the total cancer risks were comparatively higher for children than adults. This study shows the risk of heavy metal contamination in the agricultural regions and the results obtained have global implications.
Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes deliver miR-21 to promote corneal epithelial wound healing through PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Liu Xiaolong , Li Xuran , Wu Guangyuan , Qi Pengfei , Zhang Yanyan , Liu Zhiyu , Li Xinyue , Yu Yu , Ye Xiangmei , Li Yang , Yang Dongguang , Teng Yueqiu , Shi Ce , Jin Xin , Qi Sen , Liu Yuting , Wang Shudan , Liu Ying , Cao Fenglin , Kong Qingran , Wang Zhenkun , Zhang Hong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective: Rapid restoration of corneal epithelium integrity after injury is particularly important for preserving corneal transparency and vision. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be taken into account as the promising regenerative therapeutics for improvement of wound healing processes based on the variety of the effective components. The extracellular vesicles form MSCs, especially exosomes, has been considered as important paracrine mediators though transferring microRNAs into recipient cell. This study investigated the mechanism of human umbilical cord MSC-derived exosomes (HUMSC-exosomes) on corneal epithelial wound healing.Methods: Exosomes extracted from HUMSCs were identified by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blot. Corneal fluorescein staining and histological staining were evaluated in a corneal mechanical wound model. Changes in HCECs proliferation after HUMSC-exosomes or miR-21 mimics treatment were evaluated by CCK-8 and EdU assays, while migration was assessed by in vitro scratch wound assay. Full-length transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes associated with HUMSC-exosomes treatment, followed by validation via real-time PCR and Western blot.Results: The exosomes derived from HUMSCs can significantly promote corneal epithelial cells proliferation, migration in vitro and corneal epithelial wound healing in vivo. Similar effects were obtained after miR-21 transfection, while the beneficial effects of HUMSC-exosomes were partially negated by miR-21 knockdown. Results also show that the benefits are associated with decreased PTEN level and activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in HCECs.Conclusion: HUMSC-exosomes could enhance the recovery of corneal epithelial wounds though restraining PTEN by transferring miR-21, and may represent a promising novel therapeutic agent for corneal wound repair.
Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Host Growth Promotion by Endophytic Fungus of Rumex Gmelinii Turcz.
Authors: Ding Changhong , Wang Shouyu , Li Jiabin , Wang Zhenyue 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Rumex gmelinii Turcz. (RGT) is a medicinal plant of Rumex in Polygonaceae. Our research group isolated an endophytic fungus plectosaphaerella cucumerina (Strain J-G) from RGT, which could promote the growth of the host significantly when was co-cultured with the host. In this study, we mainly used transcriptomic analysis to explore the molecular mechanism of the growth promoting effect. It was found that during the process of co-culture with Strain J-G, metabolism of amino acids, the synthesis and metabolism of carbohydrates in RGT tissue culture seedlings were all promoted, which provided sufficient material and energy basis for the growth of plants. In addition, response to hormones such as auxin and cytokinin in RGT tissue culture seedlings was improved significantly, which promoted the growth and development of plants. The repairing ability of DNA in RGT tissue culture seedlings was also enhanced to provide a good guarantee for the growth of plants. Meanwhile, defense system of RGT tissue culture seedlings was also mobilized by the existence of Strain J-G, therefore more secondary metabolites and stress resistant substances were produced to ensure the normal growth and metabolism of plants.
A comparative Study of Tonification and Sedation in Moxibustion using Computer Method
Authors: Liu Miao , Kauh S.K. , Lim Sabina 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Moxibustion is an important and widely used treatment method in traditional medical science. Two methods of moxibustion exist: tonification and sedation. Although these two methods have been used for thousands of years, there still has been no scientific comparative study of their effects on the skin until now. Thus, this paper aims to use a mathematical method to study moxibustion methods in skin tissue to demonstrate a difference of thermomechanics between tonification and sedation. In this paper, the temperature, burn damage, and thermal stress distributions in the skin tissue is analyzed and the results showed that the thermomechanical behavior of skin tissue between tonification and sedation is in accordance to ancient literatures of traditional medicine. Therefore, the comparative study of heat transfer and related thermomechanics in skin tissue during these treatments thermomechanics to tonification and sedation is great importance and helpful in exploring moxibustion instruments and their standardization contribute to the further developments of these medical applications.
Historia zastosowania promieniowania protonowego w radioterapii
Authors: Musielak Marika 
Published: January 2022

Historia terapii protonowej rozpoczęła się w 1946 roku kiedy Robert Wilson opublikował artykuł, w którym zaproponował wykorzystanie akceleratorów formujących wiązkę protonową do leczenia głęboko zlokalizowanych guzów. W konwencjonalnej radioterapii wykorzystywane jest promieniowanie fotonowe. Opisując przewagę promieniowania protonowego nad fotonowym należy zwrócić uwagę na jego aspekty fizyczne m.in. rozkład głębokościowy dawki. Rozkład dawki w ośrodku maleje wykładniczo dla fotonów, natomiast dla protonów rozkład głębokości dawki ma charakterystyczny kształt, zwany pikiem Bragga. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie historii terapii protonowej rozpoczynając od odkrycia protonu, a kończąc na współczesnej radioterapii klinicznej. W 1990 rozpoczęła się nowoczesna era terapii wykorzystujących cząstki, kiedy został otwarty pierwszy specjalistyczny szpital leczący terapią protonową w Centrum Medycznym Uniwersytetu Loma Linda w Kalifornii. Od tamtej pory leczenie protonowe było przeprowadzane w placówkach szpitalnych używając technologii i technik, które były porównywalne z nowoczesną radioterapią fotonową. Dane kliniczne jednoznacznie potwierdzały, że terapia protonowa jest przodującą i lepszą metodą leczenia od konwencjonalnej radioterapii. W tym okresie pacjenci byli leczeni w kilku ośrodkach na świecie, gdzie metody i techniki napromieniania były różne, a nowe technologie były stale implementowane. Finalnie, dane kliniczne uzyskane w naukowych placówkach wykazały dobrą powtarzalność i wydajność terapii protonowej.
Optical Transmission Losses of a TiO2-based Anti-soiling Coating for Use
in Outdoor Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Babin Markus , Mira Daniel Álvarez , Aryan Yashaswa Surya , Blanco Marina García-Agúndez , Poulsen Peter Behrensdorff , Thorsteinsson Sune 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Soiling can be a major challenge for photovoltaic (PV) installations, depending
on their location, as it reduces transmission and can lead to significant losses. Anti-soiling coatings
have been demonstrated to reduce soiling losses and thereby increase PV power production.

Objective:
This article investigates the applicability of a titanium-dioxide-based anti-soiling coating
developed by Photocat under the name “ShineOn” for use with PV installations. The main parameter
examined is the optical transmission losses, as this directly translates to performance losses during
non-soiled operations.

Methods:
Measurements of transmittance are carried out using both indoor laboratory setups as well
as outdoor PV installations, including measurements of the short-circuit current (Isc), incidence angle
modifier (IAM) and spectral transmittance. Investigated samples include both full-sized modules and
custom-made mini-modules containing a single solar cell.

Results:
Both indoor and outdoor measurements show minor transmission losses in the range of 0.3 to
0.6 % and negligible effects on the IAM. Additionally, observations indicate that samples should be
coated after lamination, as losses for samples coated before lamination are slightly higher.

Conclusion:
As the transmission losses due to the ShineOn coating are small and no additional angular-
dependent losses were observed, the coating is deemed not to be detrimental for PV applications.
Proper assessment of the usefulness requires investigations of the anti-soiling properties, for example,
through test installations in regions with high soiling rates.