bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association of health insurance and race with treatment and survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Mitsakos Anastasios T. , Irish William , Parikh Alexander A. , Snyder Rebecca A. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Black patients and underinsured patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) present with more advanced disease and experience worse outcomes. The study aim was to evaluate the interaction of health insurance status and race with treatment and survival in metastatic CRC.

Materials and methods
Patients diagnosed with metastatic CRC within NCDB from 2006–2016 were included. Primary outcomes included receipt of chemotherapy and 3-year all-cause mortality. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox-regression (MVR) including a two-way interaction term of race and insurance were performed to evaluate the differential association of race and insurance with receipt of chemotherapy and mortality, respectively.

Results
128,031 patients were identified; 70.6% White, 14.4% Black, 5.7% Hispanic, and 9.3% Other race. Chemotherapy use was higher among White compared to Black patients. 3-year mortality rate was higher for Blacks and lower for Hispanics, in comparison with White patients. By MVR, Black patients were less likely to receive chemotherapy. When stratified by insurance status, Black patients with private and Medicare insurance were less likely to receive chemotherapy than White patients. All-cause mortality was higher in Black patients and lower in Hispanic patients, and these differences persisted after controlling for insurance and receipt of chemotherapy.

Conclusion
Black patients and uninsured or under-insured patients with metastatic CRC are less likely to receive chemotherapy and have increased mortality. The effect of health insurance among Blacks and Whites differs, however, and improving insurance alone does not appear to fully mitigate racial disparities in treatment and outcomes.
Are there differences between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 inpatient pressure injuries? Experiences in Internal Medicine Units
Authors: Nieto-García Leticia , Carpio-Pérez Adela , Moreiro-Barroso María Teresa , Ruiz-Antúnez Emilia , Nieto-García Ainhoa , Alonso-Sardón Montserrat 
Published: February 2022

Background
Pressure Injuries (PIs) are major worldwide public health threats within the different health-care settings.

Objective
To describe and compare epidemiological and clinical features of PIs in COVID-19 patients and patients admitted for other causes in Internal Medicine Units during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic.

Design
A descriptive longitudinal retrospective study.

Setting
This study was conducted in Internal Medicine Units in Salamanca University Hospital Complex, a tertiary hospital in the Salamanca province, Spain.

Participants
All inpatients ≥18-year-old admitted from March 1, 2020 to June 1, 2020 for more than 24 hours in the Internal Medicine Units with one or more episodes of PIs.

Results
A total of 101 inpatients and 171 episodes were studied. The prevalence of PI episodes was 6% and the cumulative incidence was 2.9% during the first-wave of COVID-19. Risk of acute wounds was four times higher in the COVID-19 patient group (p<0.001). Most common locations were sacrum and heels. Among hospital acquired pressure injuries a significant association was observed between arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus in patients with COVID-19 diagnosis.

Conclusion
During the first wave of COVID-19, COVID-19 patients tend to present a higher number of acute wounds, mainly of hospital origin, compared to the profile of the non-COVID group. Diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension were identified as main associated comorbidities in patients with COVID-19 diagnosis.
Social media influencer and brand loyalty on generation Z: the mediating effect of purchase intention
Authors: Pinto Puput Alvhyona , Paramita Eristia Lidia 
Published: February 2022

Influencer marketing has become a new method of promoting a product or brand. The marketers believe that implementing influencer marketing appropriately may form a positive customer view of a product or brand so it can bring customers loyalty on the brand. This study aims to investigate the effect of influencers on brand loyalty of Generation Z with purchase intention as a mediating variable. Generation Z is a generation that is very close to technology even most of their life is spent to playing with social media. By expecting a marketing strategy that is close and easily accessible to generation Z, can create purchase intentions and loyalty at lower cost. The population is the Instagram users in Indonesia. Purposive sampling was used in this study by taking 200 samples. This research was conducted using path analysis and Sobel test to see the indirect effect. Before the path analysis is carried out, the reliability, validity and classical assumption tests are carried out first to see if the data obtained is appropriate for further analysis. The result show that social media influencers can influence generation Z brand loyalty and purchase intentions are able to mediate social media influencers and generation Z brand loyalty.
An environmentally sustainable isosorbide-based plasticizer for biodegradable poly(butylene succinate)
Authors: Jiang Ying Yong , Ren Liang , Wu Gui Hui , Guo Wei , Guan Xian Feng , Zhang Ming Yao , Zhang Hui Xuan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this article, isosorbide divalerate (SDV), an alternative renewable resource plasticizer for degradable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) was successfully synthesized with isosorbide and valeric acid, and was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The mechanical properties, glass transition temperature (T

g
), crystallization properties, rheological behavior of PBS/SDV blends was studied in detail. The results showed that incorporation of SDV had successfully reduced T

g
of the PBS composites, particularly at 20 wt% SDV, where the value of T

g
exhibited a reduction of 12 °C or 39% compared to pure PBS, demonstrating SDV possessed plasticizing efficacy. The crystallinity of PBS was declined by presence of SDV in the blends, and the incorporation of 20 wt% SDV into PBS matrix promoted an impressive decrease of exceeding 22%. Significant enhancement of the toughness and flexibility of PBS was achieved by the addition of SDV. The rheological test revealed that the decrease of modulus and viscosity improved the processing properties of the materials, which broadened the PBS applications. Altogether the SEM showed the fracture surface of the composites undergoes a brittle-tough transition with increasing SDV content below 12% content, meanwhile, significant phase separation was observed in the composites with high content of SDV.
Effects of Injury Severity and Brain Temperature on KAT6A Expression after Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats
Authors: Dilimulati Dilirebati , Zhang Lin , Duan Yourong , Jia Feng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with a range of neural changes. A comprehensive understanding of the injury-induced lysine acetyltransferase 6A (KAT6A) response, particularly the temporal profile of biochemical alterations, is crucial to design effective therapeutic interventions.

Methods: Experiments were performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The influence of post-traumatic hypothermia (32°C) or hyperthermia (39°C) on the temporal and regional expression profiles of KAT6A was assessed after moderate or severe TBI. qPCR and western blotting were used to determine the expression of KAT6A in different groups.

Results: In the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres, significantly lower protein and mRNA expression of KAT6A was found after TBI than sham injury. Moreover, two expression minima of KAT6A were observed in the cortex and hippocampus of the ipsilateral hemisphere. A decrease in injury severity was associated with lower levels of KAT6A mRNA at 12 h and protein at 24 h, but KAT6A mRNA at 48 h and protein at 72 h had alterations. Compared with normothermia and hyperthermia, post-traumatic hypothermia intensified the decrease in KAT6A at both the mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, hyperthermia, as compared with normothermia, did not significantly affect the levels of KAT6A mRNA at 12 h and protein at 24 h, but triggered a significant increase in levels of KAT6A mRNA at 24 h and protein at 72 h. Furthermore, an overall upregulation of KAT6A after TBI was associated with greater injury severity in a time-dependent manner.

Conclusions: Post-traumatic hypothermia plays a key role in the regulation of KAT6A expression and thus may at least partially explain the phenotype of post-traumatic temperature in secondary injury after TBI.
PERAWATAN DAN PENGOPERASIAN SISTEM PENDINGIN (HEAT EXCHANGER) PADA MESIN INDUK KAPAL KM. SIDO MULYO SANTOSO DI PPN SIBOLGA
Authors: Ziliwu Boby Wisely , Musa Iskandar , Priharanto Yuniar Endri , Tono Tono 
Published: February 2022

Sistem pendingin dilengkapi dalam mesin untuk pendingin dan mencegah terjadinya panas yang berlebihan, sistem pendingin disamping bertujuan untuk mencegah keadaan tersebut, diperlukan untuk mengatur dan mempertahankan suhu temperatur yang tetap dalam mesin beroperasi dengan cara mengalirkan media pendingin untuk bagian-bagian mesin yang hendak didinginkan, sistem pendingin juga harus diperhatikan agar mesin dapat beroperasi dengan baik, salah satu komponen sistem pendingin adalah alat penukar kalor (heat exchanger) mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting dalam menunjang kinerja sistem pendingin. Heat exchanger adalah suatu alat yang dimana terjadi aliran perpindahan panas diantara dua fluida atau lebih pada temperatur yang berbeda. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di atas kapal KM. Sido Mulyo Santoso Di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Sibolga. Sistem pendingin yang digunakan pada kapal KM. Sido Mulyo Santoso yaitu sistem pendingin tidak langsung, dimana sistem tidak langsung ini air laut dihisap menggunakan pompa sentrifugal kemudian air laut tersebut kemudian dihisap oleh pompa air tawar untuk dialirkan ke komponen mesin induk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana melakukan perawatan dan pengoperasian sistem pendingin pada mesin induk yang ada di atas kapal KM. Sido Mulyo Santoso. Perawatan yang dilakukan ada 2 cara kerja, yaitu perawatan bulanan dan perawatan tak terduga
Prediction of the Continuous Probability of Sand Screenout Based on a Deep Learning Workflow
Authors: Hou Lei , Cheng Yiyan , Elsworth Derek , Liu Honglei , Ren Jianhua 
Published: February 2022

Summary
Sand screenout is one of the most serious and frequent challenges that threaten the efficiency and safety of hydraulic fracturing. Current low prices of oil/gas drive operators to control costs by using lower viscosity and lesser volumes of fluid for proppant injection—thus reducing the sand-carrying capacity in the treatment and increasing the risk of screenout. Current analyses predict screenout as isolated incidents based on the interpretation of pressure or proppant accumulation. We propose a method for continuous evaluation and prediction of screenout by combining data-driven methods with field measurements recovered during shale gas fracturing. The screenout probability is updated, redefined, and used to label the original data. Three determining elements of screenout are proposed, based on which four indicators are generated for training a deep learning model [gated recurrent units (GRU), tuned by the grid search and walk-forward validation]. Training field records following screenout are manually trimmed to force the machine learning algorithm to focus on the prescreenout data, which then improves the prediction of the continuous probability of screenout. The Pearson coefficients are analyzed in the STATA software to remove obfuscating parameters from the model inputs. The extracted indicators are optimized, via a forward selection strategy, by their contributions to the prediction according to the confusion matrix and root mean squared error (RMSE). By optimizing the inputs, the probability of screenout is accurately predicted in the testing cases, as well as the precursory predictors, recovered from the probability evolution prior to screenout. The effect of pump rate on screenout probability is analyzed, defining a U-shaped correlation and suggesting a safest-fracturing pump rate (SFPR) under both low- and high-stress conditions. The probability of screenout and the SFPR, together, allow continuous monitoring in real time during fracturing operations and the provision of appropriate screenout mitigation strategies.
Fully 3D Simulation of Hydraulic Fracture Propagation in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs Using Displacement Discontinuity Method
Authors: Tang Huiying , Liang Haipeng , Zhang Liehui , Li Hangyu 
Published: February 2022

Summary
The shape, size, and orientation of natural fractures significantly impact the geometry of hydraulic fractures in unconventional reservoirs, such as shale gas/oil, tight gas, and enhanced geothermal system. The behaviors after the hydraulic fracture encounters natural fractures have been summarized as crossing, diverting, step over, and stopping based on a great number of numerical and experimental analysis with plain strain assumptions. However, under practical situations, the geometries of natural and hydraulic fractures are much more complex than the vertical and rectangular shape assumed by 2D models. The experimental studies on the role of height and inclination of natural fractures have revealed some other phenomena (e.g., bypassing process that the fluid-driven hydraulic fracture propagates up the back side of the natural fracture), which are unable to be captured in 2D. To better describe the intersection behaviors among different kind of fractures, a fully 3D model based on the displacement discontinuity method (DDM) is developed on top of our previous models, which only considered the propagation of hydraulic fractures. A novel crossing criterion to judge whether the hydraulic fracture will cross the cemented natural fracture in 3D is proposed. The successive node snapping scheme is adopted to construct conforming meshes for the evolving intersected curves between hydraulic and natural fracture surfaces, which only alters the location of a small fraction of nodes without changing the nodal connectivity. With this model, the evolution of fracture geometry after the hydraulic fracture intersects with the natural fractures of different toughness, size, orientation, and number is investigated. Because an extra dimension is considered, the fractures are allowed to propagate in more directions, resulting in a series of complex fracture geometries. The dynamic grid evolution method proposed in this work can promote the development of DDM in modeling fully 3D fracture networks in naturally fractured reservoirs.
Fourier Neural Operator for Solving Subsurface Oil/Water Two-Phase Flow Partial Differential Equation
Authors: Zhang Kai , Zuo Yuande , Zhao Hanjun , Ma Xiaopeng , Gu Jianwei , Wang Jian , Yang Yongfei , Yao Chuanjin , Yao Jun 
Published: February 2022

SummaryWhile deep learning has achieved great success in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) that accurately describe engineering systems, it remains a big challenge to obtain efficient and accurate solutions for complex problems instead of traditional numerical simulation. In the field of reservoir engineering, the current mainstream machine learning methods have been successfully applied. However, these popular methods cannot directly solve the problem of 2D two-phase oil/water PDEs well, which is the core of reservoir numerical simulation. Fourier neural operator (FNO) is a recently proposed high-efficiency PDE solution architecture that overcomes the shortcomings of the above popular methods, which can handle this type of PDE problem well in our work. In this paper, a deep-learning-based model is developed to solve three categories of problems controlled by the subsurface 2D oil/water two-phase flow PDE based on the FNO. For this complex engineering equation, we consider many factors, select characteristic variables, increase the dimension channel, expand the network structure, and realize the solution of the engineering problem. The first category is to predict the distribution of saturation and pressure fields by PDE parameters. The second category is the prediction of time series. The third category is for the inverse problem. It has achieved good results on both forward and inverse problems. The network uses fast Fourier transform (FFT) to extract PDE information in Fourier space to approximate differential operators, making the network faster and with greater physics significance. The model is mesh-independent and has good generalization, which also shows superresolution. Compared to the original FNO, we improve the network structure, add physical constraints to deal with boundary conditions (BCs), and use a shape matrix to control irregular boundaries. Also, we have improved the FFT module to make the transformation smoother. Compared with advanced deep learning-based solvers at different resolutions, the results show that this model overcomes some shortcomings of popular algorithms such as physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and fully convolutional network (FCN) and has stronger accuracy and applicability. Our work has great potential in the replacement of traditional numerical methods with neural networks for reservoir numerical simulation.
TIM-1 promotes proliferation and metastasis, and inhibits apoptosis, in cervical cancer through the PI3K/AKT/p53 pathway
Authors: Chen Liuyan , Qing Jilin , Xiao Yangyang , Huang Xiaomei , Chi Yanlin , Chen Zhizhong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-1 (TIM-1) has been reported to be associated with the biological behavior of several malignant tumors; however, it is not clear whether it has a role in cervical cancer (CC).
Methods
TIM-1 expression in cervical epithelial tumor tissues and cells was detected by immunohistochemistry or real-time quantitative-PCR and western blotting. CC cells from cell lines expressing low levels of TIM-1 were infected with lentiviral vectors encoding TIM-1. Changes in the malignant behavior of CC cells were assessed by CCK-8, wound healing, Transwell migration and invasion assays, and flow cytometry in vitro; while a xenograft tumor model was established to analyze the effects of TIM-1 on tumor growth in vivo. Changes in the levels of proteins related to the cell cycle, apoptosis, and Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were determined by western blotting.
Results
TIM-1 expression was higher in CC tissues, than in high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, or normal cervical tissues, and was also expressed in three CC cell lines. In HeLa and SiHa cells overexpressing TIM-1, proliferation, invasion, and migration increased, while whereas apoptosis was inhibited. Furthermore, TIM-1 downregulated the expression of p53, BAX, and E-cadherin, and increased cyclin D1, Bcl-2, Snail1, N-cadherin, vimentin, MMP-2, and VEGF. PI3K, p-AKT, and mTOR protein levels also increased, while total AKT protein levels remained unchanged.
Conclusions
Our study indicated that TIM-1 overexpression promoted cell migration and invasion, and inhibited cell apoptosis in CC through modulation of the PI3K/AKT/p53 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, and may be a candidate diagnostic biomarker of this disease.
Incidence of falls and fall-related injuries and their predictive factors in frail older persons with cancer: a multicenter study
Authors: Kenis Cindy , Decoster Lore , Flamaing Johan , Debruyne Philip R , De Groof Inge , Focan Christian , Cornélis Frank , Verschaeve Vincent , Bachmann Christian , Bron Dominique , Bulck Heidi Van den , Schrijvers Dirk , Langenaeken Christine , Specenier Pol , Jerusalem Guy , Praet Jean-Philippe , De Cock Jessie , Lobelle Jean-Pierre , Wildiers Hans , Milisen Koen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Falls and fall-related injuries are a major public health problem. Data on falls in older persons with cancer is limited and robust data on falls within those with a frailty profile are missing. The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence and predictive factors for falls and fall-related injuries in frail older persons with cancer. Methods: This study is a secondary data analysis from data previously collected in a large prospective multicenter observational cohort study in older persons with cancer in 22 Belgian hospitals (November 2012-February 2015). Patients ≥70 years with a malignant tumor and a frailty profile based on an abnormal G8 score were included upon treatment decision and evaluated with a Geriatric Assessment (GA). At follow-up, data on falls and fall-related injuries were documented. Results: At baseline 2141 (37.2%) of 5759 included patients reported at least one fall in the past 12 months, 1427 patients (66.7%) sustained an injury. Fall-related data of 3681 patients were available at follow-up and at least one fall was reported by 769 patients (20.9%) at follow-up, of whom 289 (37.6%) fell more than once and a fall-related injury was reported by 484 patients (62.9%). Fear of falling was reported in 47.4% of the patients at baseline and in 55.6% of the patients at follow-up. In multivariable analysis, gender and falls history in the past 12 months were predictive factors for both falls and fall-related injuries at follow-up. Other predictive factors for falls, were risk for depression, cognitive decline, dependency in activities of daily living, fear of falling, and use of professional home care. Conclusion: Given the high number of falls and fall-related injuries and high prevalence of fear of falling, multifactorial falls risk assessment and management programs should be integrated in the care of frail older persons with cancer. Trial registration: B322201215495
Using Dual Polarities of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Global Cerebral Ischemia and its following reperfusion period Attenuates Neuronal Injury
Authors: Kaviannejad Rasoul , Karimian Seyed Morteza , Riahi Esmail , Ashabi Ghorbangol 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Multiple neuronal injury pathways are activated during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). This study was designed to decrease potential neural injuries by using both transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) polarities in cerebral ischemia and its following reperfusion periods. Ninety rats were randomly divided into six groups. In the sham group, rats were intact. In the I/R group, global cerebral I/R was only induced. In the I/R+c-tDCS and I/R+a-tDCS groups, cathodal and anodal currents were applied, respectively. In the I/R+c/a-tDCS, cathodal current was used in the ischemia and anodal in the reperfusion. In the I/R+a/c-tDCS group, cathodal and anodal currents were applied in the I/R, respectively. H ippocampal tissue was used to determine the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, NOS, SOD, MDA, and NMDAR. Hot plate and open field tests evaluated sensory and locomotor performances. The cerebral edema was also measured. Histological assessment was assessed by H/E and Nissl staining of the hippocampal CA1 region. All tDCS modes significantly decreased IL-1β and TNF-α levels, especially in the c/a-tDCS. All tDCS caused a significant decrease in MDA and NOS levels while increasing SOD activity compared to the I/R group, especially in the c/a-tDCS mode. In the c-tDCS and a/c-tDCS groups, the NMDAR level was significantly decreased. The c/a-tDCS group improved sensory and locomotor performances more than other groups receiving tDCS. Furthermore, the least neuronal death was observed in the c/a-tDCS mode. Using two different polarities of tDCS could induce more neuroprotective versus pathophysiological pathways in cerebral I/R, especially in c/a-tDCS mode.