bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breathing pattern, accessory respiratory muscles work, and gas exchange evaluation for prediction of NIV failure in moderate-to-severe COVID-19-associated ARDS after deterioration of respiratory failure outside ICU: the COVID-NIV observational study
Authors: Yaroshetskiy Andrey I. , Merzhoeva Zamira M. , Tsareva Natalia A. , Trushenko Natalia V. , Nuralieva Galia S. , Konanykhin Vasily D. , Krasnoshchekova Anna P. , Avdeev Sergey N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Data on the efficacy of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) after progression of respiratory failure in patients who have already received oxygen therapy, or CPAP outside ICU is limited. The study aimed to find predictors of NIV failure based on breathing pattern, gas exchange, and accessory respiratory muscles evaluation in patients who progressed to moderate-to-severe COVID-19 ARDS.

Methods
This was a prospective observational study in patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19-ARDS on NIV (n = 80) admitted to COVID-ICU of Sechenov University. The combined success rate for conventional oxygen and CPAP outside ICU was 78.6% (440 of 560 patients). The primary endpoints were intubation rate and mortality. We measured respiratory rate, exhaled tidal volume (Vte), mean peak inspiratory flow (PIF), inspiratory time (Ti), PaO2, SpO2, end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2), and Patrick score, and calculated ROX index, PaO2/FiO2, ventilatory ratio, and alveolar dead space (Vdalv/Vt) on Days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14. For all significant differences between NIV success and failure groups in measured data, we performed ROC analysis.

Results
NIV failure rate in ICU after deterioration of respiratory failure outside ICU was 71.3% (n = 57). Patients with the subsequent NIV failure were older at inclusion, more frail, had longer duration of disease before ICU admission, and higher rate of CPAP use outside ICU. ROC-analysis revealed that the following respiratory parameters after 48 h of NIV can serve as a predictors for NIV failure in moderate-to-severe COVID-19-associated ARDS: PaO2/FiO2 < 112 mmHg (AUROC 0.90 (0.93–0.97), p < 0.0001); PETCO2 < 19.5 mmHg (AUROC 0.84 (0.73–0.94), p < 0.0001); VDalv/VT > 0.43 (AUROC 0.78 (0.68–0.90), p < 0.0001); ROX-index < 5.02 (AUROC 0.89 (0.81–0.97), p < 0.0001); Patrick score > 2 points (AUROC 0.87 (0.78–0.96), p = 0.006).

Conclusion
In patients who progressed to moderate-to-severe COVID-19-ARDS probability of NIV success rate was about 1/3. Prediction of the NIV failure can be made after 48 h based on ROX index < 5.02, PaO2/FiO2 < 112 mmHg, PETCO2 < 19.5 mmHg, and Patrick score >  = 2.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04667923, registered on 16/12/2020.
Prevalence of self-care disability among older adults in China
Authors: Guo Yu , Wang Tian , Ge Tingshuai , Jiang Quanbao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Self-care disability among older adults is a global public health issue. However, it lacks the up-to-date information based on nationally representative, more comprehesive data in China.

Methods
Using China’s 2020 population census data, this paper provides a macro-analysis of the prevalence and socio-demographic characteristics of self-care disability among older adults.

Results
25.5 million older adults aged 60 and over participated in the health status survey, of which 48.2% were male, and 51.8% were female. We find that the prevalence of self-care disability among older adults aged 60 and above in China is 2.34%, and the older the population, the higher the prevalence. A higher prevalence was reported by female older adults, rural older adults, and older adults in western China. Single (never married) and widowed older adults are at higher risk of self-care disability. Compared to 2010, the prevalence of self-care disability among older adults decreased. However, the urban-rural difference still exists. Self-care disabled older adults rely mainly on family members for livelihood and mainly cohabitate with them. While pension is an essential source of livelihood for urban older adults with self-care disability, fewer rural self-care disabled older adults rely on pension.

Conclusion
The prevalence of self-care disability among older adults aged 60 and over in China is low and has decreased compared to 2010. Older adults with self-care disability are not a homogeneous group, and they have apparent socio-demographic disparities and regional differences. The Chinese government should continue to reduce inequalities between urban and rural areas, especially in pension and long-term care systems.
Rhino-orbital mucormycosis in a patient with no susceptibility following P.vivax malaria infection—a case report
Authors: Prasad Sonali , Gaur Aman , Mehta Anuj , Kaushal Nimisha 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Mucormycosis is a potentially lethal, angioinvasive fungal infection caused by the Mucoracea family comprising Mucor, Rhizopus, and Absidia species. It is commonly associated with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, the use of corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, and Covid-19 infection. The occurrence of mucormycosis in an immunocompetent patient is rare. Also, only a few case reports have been published where patients developed mucormycosis with associated malarial infection.

Case presentation
A young female presented with a 3-weeks history of painful swelling and outward protrusion of the right eye with complete loss of vision. She had a history of P.vivax malaria two weeks before her ocular symptoms. On ocular examination, there was proptosis and total ophthalmoplegia with loss of corneal sensations in the right eye. Hematological examination revealed normocytic normochromic anemia and thrombocytopenia. MRI was suggestive of right-sided pansinusitis and orbital cellulitis with right superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis and bulky cavernous sinus.
Nasal biopsy was negative for fungal culture. An emergency surgical debridement of all the sinuses was done with right orbital exenteration. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of mucormycosis and the patient improved post-operatively on systemic antifungals.

Conclusion
Such an association of mucormycosis with malaria infection is rarely reported in the literature and is hypothesized to be a result of immunosuppression caused by malaria. Also, emphasis is laid upon having a high index of suspicion for fungal infection in the setting of pansinusitis even if the risk factors are absent.
We hereby report a case of rhino-orbital mucormycosis following P.vivax malaria in a 20-year-old female with anemia and thrombocytopenia.
Resilience of people with chronic medical conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a 1-year longitudinal prospective survey
Authors: Tarsitani Lorenzo , Pinucci Irene , Tedeschi Federico , Patanè Martina , Papola Davide , Palantza Christina , Acarturk Ceren , Björkenstam Emma , Bryant Richard , Burchert Sebastian , Davisse-Paturet Camille , Díaz-García Amanda , Farrel Rachel , Fuhr Daniela C. , Hall Brian J. , Huizink Anja C. , Lam Agnes Iok Fong , Kurt Gülşah , Leijen Ingmar , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor , Morina Naser , Panter-Brick Catherine , Purba Fredrick Dermawan , Quero Soledad , Seedat Soraya , Setyowibowo Hari , van der Waerden Judith , Pasquini Massimo , Sijbrandij Marit , Barbui Corrado 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Backgrounds
Individuals with chronic medical conditions are considered highly exposed to COVID-19 pandemic stress, but emerging evidence is demonstrating that resilience is common even among them. We aimed at identifying sustained resilient outcomes and their predictors in chronically ill people during the first year of the pandemic.

Methods
This international 4-wave 1-year longitudinal online survey included items on socio-demographic characteristics, economic and living situation, lifestyle and habits, pandemic-related issues, and history of mental disorders. Adherence to and approval of imposed restrictions, trust in governments and in scientific community during the pandemic were also investigated. The following tools were administered: the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, the PTSD Checklist DSM-5, the Oslo Social Support Scale, the Padua Inventory, and the Portrait Values Questionnaire.

Results
One thousand fifty-two individuals reporting a chronic condition out of 8011 total participants from 13 countries were included in the study, and 965 had data available for the final model. The estimated probability of being “sustained-resilient” was 34%. Older male individuals, participants employed before and during the pandemic or with perceived social support were more likely to belong to the sustained-resilience group. Loneliness, a previous mental disorder, high hedonism, fear of COVID-19 contamination, concern for the health of loved ones, and non-approving pandemic restrictions were predictors of not-resilient outcomes in our sample.

Conclusions
We found similarities and differences from established predictors of resilience and identified some new ones specific to pandemics. Further investigation is warranted and could inform the design of resilience-building interventions in people with chronic diseases.
The spatio-temporal dynamics of infant mortality in Ecuador from 2010 to 2019
Authors: Lalangui Karina , Rivadeneira Maya Karina , Sánchez-Carrillo Christian , Sosa Cortéz Gersain , Quentin Emmanuelle 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe infant mortality rate (IMR) is still a key indicator in a middle-income country such as Ecuador where a slightly increase up to 11.75 deaths per thousand life births has been observed in 2019. The purpose of this study is to propose and apply a prioritization method that combines clusters detection (Local Indicators of Spatial Association, LISA) and a monotonic statistic depicting time trend over 10 years (Mann–Kendall) at municipal level. Annual national databases (2010 to 2019) of live births and general deaths are downloaded from National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC). The results allow identifying a slight increase in the IMR at the national level from 9.85‰ in 2014 to 11.75‰ in 2019, neonatal mortality accounted for 60% of the IMR in the last year. The LISA analysis allowed observing that the high-high clusters are mainly concentrated in the central highlands. At the local level, Piñas, Cuenca, Ibarra and Babahoyo registered the highest growth trends (0.7,1). The combination of techniques made it possible to identify eight priority counties, half of them pertaining to the highlands region, two to the coastal region and two to the Amazon region. To keep infant mortality at a low level is necessary to prioritize critical areas where public allocation of funds should be concentrated and formulation of policies.
Assessment of domestic violence and its associated factors among ever-married reproductive-age women in Cameroon: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Mulat Bezawit , Tsegaw Menen , Chilot Dagmawi , Shitu Kegnie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Domestic violence (DV) against women is a global issue that affects women in all countries and is a significant contributor to their poor health. Women who have experienced DV, in particular, suffer from the gynecological, nervous system, and stress-related issues. Despite such devastating implications, there is a paucity of data on the prevalence of DV and its associated factors among married reproductive-age women in Cameroon.

Method
The data were analyzed by using STATA version 14 from a demographic and health survey conducted in Cameroon in 2018. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done. Statistical significance was determined using a p-value of less than 0.05 and a 95% confidence range.

Result
A total of 4,903 ever-married women were included in the study. The mean age ± standard deviation, of the participants was 31.3 (± 8.4) years with an age range of 15–49 years. The prevalence of DV among ever-married Cameroonian women was 30.5% with 95%CI (29.3%, 31.8%). Women’s educational attainment (higher educational level) (AOR = 0.58, 95% CI (0.37, 0.92), p value = 0.02), Husband's educational level (husbands who attended primary educational level (AOR = 1.30, 95% CI (1.01, 1.68), p value = 0.04), a woman who had media exposure regarding DV ( AOR = 0.83, 95% CI (0.0, 0.99), p value = 0.04), a woman whose husband drinks alcohol (AOR = 3.00, 95% CI (2.56, 3.53), p value < 0.001), and the region where the women reside (center without Yaoundé (AOR = 2.48, 95% CI (1.75, 3.52), p value < 0.001), west (AOR = 1.49, 95% CI (1.05, 2.11), p value = 0.02), South (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI (1.31, 2.72), p-value = 0.001), and Yaoundé (AOR = 1.65. 95% CI (1.14, 2.39), p value = 0.009) were factors that were significantly associated to DV committed by a husband in the previous 12 months against ever-married women.

Conclusion
The present study revealed that the prevalence of DV among ever-married women in Cameroon is high. Women's educational level, husband's educational level, husband's alcohol drinking status, women’s exposure to mass-media about DV, and the region where the woman resides in the country were factors significantly associated with DV.
Care pathways at end-of-life for cancer decedents: registry based analyses of the living situation, healthcare utilization and costs for all cancer decedents in Norway in 2009-2013 during their last 6 months of life
Authors: Bjørnelv Gudrun , Hagen Terje P. , Forma Leena , Aas Eline 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Research on end-of-life care is often fragmented, focusing on one level of healthcare or on a particular patient subgroup. Our aim was to describe the complete care pathways of all cancer decedents in Norway during the last six months of life.

Methods
We used six national registries linked at patient level and including all cancer decedents in Norway between 2009-2013 to describe patient use of secondary, primary-, and home- and community-based care. We described patient’s car pathway, including patients living situation, healthcare utilization, and costs. We then estimated how cancer type, individual and sociodemographic characteristics, and access to informal care influenced the care pathways. Regression models were used depending on the outcome, i.e., negative binomial (for healthcare utilization) and generalized linear models (for healthcare costs).

Results
In total, 52,926 patients were included who died of lung (16%), colorectal (12%), prostate (9%), breast (6%), cervical (1%) or other (56%) cancers. On average, patients spent 123 days at home, 24 days in hospital, 16 days in short-term care and 24 days in long-term care during their last 6 months of life. Healthcare utilization increased towards end-of-life. Total costs were high (on average, NOK 379,801). 60% of the total costs were in the secondary care setting, 3% in the primary care setting, and 37% in the home- and community-based care setting. Age (total cost-range NOK 361,363-418,618) and marital status (total cost-range NOK354,100-411,047) were stronger determining factors of care pathway than cancer type (total cost-range NOK341,318- 392,655). When patients died of cancer types requiring higher amounts of secondary care (e.g., cervical cancer), there was a corresponding lower utilization of primary, and home- and community-based care, and vice versa.

Conclusion
Cancer patient’s care pathways at end-of-life are more strongly associated with age and access to informal care than underlying type of cancer. More care in one care setting (e.g., the secondary care) is associated with less care in other settings (primary- and home- and community based care setting) as demonstrated by the substitution between the different levels of care in this study. Care at end-of-life should therefore not be evaluated in one healthcare level alone since this might bias results and lead to suboptimal priorities.
An identical-by-descent segment harbors a 12-bp insertion determining fruit softening during domestication and speciation in Pyrus
Authors: Song Bobo , Li Xiaolong , Cao Beibei , Zhang Mingyue , Korban Schuyler S. , Yu Li’ang , Yang Wenxi , Zhao Kejiao , Li Jiaming , Wu Jun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Although the wild relatives of pear originated in southwest China, this fruit crop was independently domesticated and improved in Asia and Europe, and there are major phenotypic differences (e.g., maturity and fruit firmness) between Asian and European pears.

Results
In this study, we examined the genomes of 113 diverse pear accessions using an identity-by-descent (IBD) approach to investigate how historical gene flow has shaped fruit firmness traits in Asian and European pears. We found a 3-Mbp IBD-enriched region (IBD-ER) that has undergone “convergent domestication” in both the Asian and European pear lineages, and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of fruit firmness phenotypes strongly implicated the TRANSLOCON AT THE INNER CHLOROPLAST ENVELOPE55 (TIC55) locus within this 3-Mbp IBD-ER. Furthermore, we identified a tandem duplication that includes a 12-bp insertion located in the first exon of TIC55 that is uniquely present in Asian pears, and expression analysis showed that the pear TIC55 gene is highly expressed in Asian pear, while it is weakly or not expressed in European pear; this could contribute to the differences in fruit firmness between Asian and European pear fruits.

Conclusions
Our findings provide insights into how pear fruit softening has been impacted during domestication, and we identified candidate genes associated with fruit softening that can contribute to the breeding and improvement of pear and other fruit crops.
Akt: a key transducer in cancer
Authors: Tsai Pei-Jane , Lai Yi-Hsin , Manne Rajesh Kumar , Tsai Yau-Sheng , Sarbassov Dos , Lin Hui-Kuan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGrowth factor signaling plays a pivotal role in diverse biological functions, such as cell growth, apoptosis, senescence, and migration and its deregulation has been linked to various human diseases. Akt kinase is a central player transmitting extracellular clues to various cellular compartments, in turn executing these biological processes. Since the discovery of Akt three decades ago, the tremendous progress towards identifying its upstream regulators and downstream effectors and its roles in cancer has been made, offering novel paradigms and therapeutic strategies for targeting human diseases and cancers with deregulated Akt activation. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms for Akt signaling networks paves the way for developing selective inhibitors targeting Akt and its signaling regulation for the management of human diseases including cancer.
Association of tobacco product use with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevalence and incidence in Waves 1 through 5 (2013–2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study
Authors: Paulin Laura M. , Halenar Michael J. , Edwards Kathryn C. , Lauten Kristin , Stanton Cassandra A. , Taylor Kristie , Hatsukami Dorothy , Hyland Andrew , MacKenzie Todd , Mahoney Martin C. , Niaura Ray , Trinidad Dennis , Blanco Carlos , Compton Wilson M. , Gardner Lisa D. , Kimmel Heather L. , Lauterstein Dana , Marshall Daniela , Sargent James D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
We examined the association of non-cigarette tobacco use on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.

Methods
There were 13,752 participants ≥ 40 years with Wave 1 (W1) data for prevalence analyses, including 6945 adults without COPD for incidence analyses; W1–5 (2013–2019) data were analyzed. W1 tobacco use was modeled as 12 mutually-exclusive categories of past 30-day (P30D) single and polyuse, with two reference categories (current exclusive cigarette and never tobacco). Prevalence and incidence ratios of self-reported physician-diagnosed COPD were estimated using weighted multivariable Poisson regression.

Results
W1 mean (SE) age was 58.1(0.1) years; mean cigarette pack-years was similar for all categories involving cigarettes and exclusive use of e-cigarettes (all > 20), greater than exclusive cigar users (< 10); and COPD prevalence was 7.7%. Compared to P30D cigarette use, never tobacco, former tobacco, and cigar use were associated with lower COPD prevalence (RR = 0.33, (95% confidence interval—CI) [0.26, 0.42]; RR = 0.57, CI [0.47, 0.70]; RR = 0.46, CI [0.28, 0.76], respectively); compared to never tobacco use, all categories except cigar and smokeless tobacco use were associated with higher COPD prevalence (RR former = 1.72, CI [1.33, 2.23]; RR cigarette = 3.00, CI [2.37, 3.80]; RR e-cigarette = 2.22, CI [1.44, 3.42]; RR cigarette + e-cigarette = 3.10, CI [2.39, 4.02]; RR polycombusted = 3.37, CI [2.44, 4.65]; RR polycombusted plus noncombusted = 2.75, CI]1.99, 3.81]). COPD incidence from W2-5 was 5.8%. Never and former tobacco users had lower COPD risk compared to current cigarette smokers (RR = 0.52, CI [0.35, 0.77]; RR = 0.47, CI [0.32, 0.70], respectively). Compared to never use, cigarette, smokeless, cigarette plus e-cigarette, and polycombusted tobacco use were associated with higher COPD incidence (RR = 1.92, CI [1.29, 2.86]; RR = 2.08, CI [1.07, 4.03]; RR = 1.99, CI [1.29, 3.07]; RR = 2.59, CI [1.60, 4.21], respectively); exclusive use of e-cigarettes was not (RR = 1.36, CI [0.55, 3.39]).

Conclusions
E-cigarettes and all use categories involving cigarettes were associated with higher COPD prevalence compared to never use, reflecting, in part, the high burden of cigarette exposure in these groups. Cigarette—but not exclusive e-cigarette—use was also strongly associated with higher COPD incidence. Compared to cigarette use, only quitting tobacco was protective against COPD development.
A unique, newly discovered four-member protein family involved in extracellular fatty acid binding in Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Onésime Djamila , Vidal Léa , Thomas Stéphane , Henry Céline , Martin Véronique , André Gwenaëlle , Kubiak Piotr , Minard Philippe , Celinska Ewelina , Nicaud Jean-Marc 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Yarrowia lipolytica, a nonconventional oleaginous yeast species, has attracted attention due to its high lipid degradation and accumulation capacities. Y. lipolytica is used as a chassis for the production of usual and unusual lipids and lipid derivatives. While the genes involved in the intracellular transport and activation of fatty acids in different cellular compartments have been characterized, no genes involved in fatty acid transport from the extracellular medium into the cell have been identified thus far. In this study, we identified secreted proteins involved in extracellular fatty acid binding.

Results
Recent analysis of the Y. lipolytica secretome led to the identification of a multigene family that encodes four secreted proteins, preliminarily named UP1 to UP4. These proteins were efficiently overexpressed individually in wild-type and multideletant strain (Q4: Δup1Δup2Δup3Δup4) backgrounds. Phenotypic analysis demonstrated the involvement of these proteins in the binding of extracellular fatty acids. Additionally, gene deletion and overexpression prevented and promoted sensitivity to octanoic acid (C8) toxicity, respectively. The results suggested binding is dependent on aliphatic chain length and fatty acid concentration. 3D structure modeling supports the proteins’ role in fatty acid assimilation at the molecular level.

Conclusions
We discovered a family of extracellular-fatty-acid-binding proteins in Y. lipolytica and have proposed to name its members eFbp1 to eFbp4. The exact mode of eFbps action remains to be deciphered individually and synergistically; nevertheless, it is expected that the proteins will have applications in lipid biotechnology, such as improving fatty acid production and/or bioconversion.