bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing Electrophysiological Response Properties of the Peripheral Auditory System Evoked by Phonemes in Normal and Hearing Impaired Ears
Authors: Riggs William J. , Hiss Meghan M. , Adunka Oliver F. 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
This study aimed to characterize time and spectral domain characteristics of the phoneme-evoked electrocochleography (ECochG) response and explore potential associations between the ECochG spectral content, word recognition scores (WRSs), residual hearing, and aging in normal and hearing-impaired listeners.

Design:
This was a prospective study with 25 adult participants. All participants underwent intraoperative ECochG testing and responses were recorded from the round window niche. Participants were divided into two groups based on their preoperative pure tone average: normal/mild sensorineural hearing loss and moderate/moderately-severe sensorineural hearing loss. Target stimuli were a 40 ms /da/ and an 80 ms /ba/ presented in alternating polarity (rarefaction/condensation). Waveform response patterns were analyzed including amplitude, latency, and spectra. Structural similarity index measure (SSIM) was used to determine similarity between the stimulus spectrum and that of the ECochG differential waveform. Correlation analyses were carried out among pure tone average, SSIM, age, and WRS.

Results:
ECochG alternating waveform morphology evoked by the /da/ stimulus consisted of five prominent peaks labeled N1-N5. Its spectrum was dominated by the fundamental (F0) frequency. The ECochG alternating response evoked by /ba/ consisted of nine prominent peaks labeled N1-N9 and was also dominated by F0. Amplitudes and latencies were not statistically different between groups for both stimuli. Significant positive correlations were found between SSIM and WRS for responses evoked by /da/ (r = 0.56) and responses evoked by /ba/ (r = 0.67). High frequency pure tone average and the /ba/ SSIM were found to have a significant negative correlation (r = −0.58).

Conclusions:
Speech-like stimuli have become increasingly utilized in the assessment of auditory function. Here, we provided the groundwork for understanding how commonly employed syllable stimuli are encoded by the peripheral auditory system in regard to temporal and spectral characteristics. Expanding this work to include measurements of central auditory processing in conjunction with cochlear physiology is warranted to further understand the relationship between peripheral and central encoding of speech-like stimuli.
Continuous Determination of the Optimal Bispectral Index Value Based on Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Moderate/Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study of a Novel Individualized Sedation Target
Authors: Froese Logan , Gomez Alwyn , Sainbhi Amanjyot Singh , Batson Carleen , Stein Kevin , Alizadeh Arsalan , Mendelson Asher A. , Zeiler Frederick A. 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:
We have sought to develop methodology for deriving optimal bispectral index (BIS) values (BISopt) for patients with moderate/severe traumatic brain injury, using continuous monitoring of cerebrovascular reactivity and bispectral electroencephalography.

METHODS:
Arterial blood pressure, intracranial pressure, and BIS (a bilateral measure that is associated with sedation state) were continuously recorded. The pressure reactivity index, optimal cerebral perfusion pressure (CPPopt), and BISopt were calculated. Using BIS values and the pressure reactivity index, a curve fitting method was applied to determine the minimum value for the pressure reactivity index thus giving the BISopt.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:
Identification of BISopt was possible in all of the patients, with both visual inspection of data and using our method of BISopt determination, demonstrating a similarity of median values of 44.62 (35.03–59.98) versus 48 (39.75–57.50) (p = 0.1949). Furthermore, our method outperformed common CPPopt curve fitting methods applied to BISopt with improved percent (%) yields on both the left side 52.1% (36.3–72.4%) versus 31.2% (23.0–48.9%) (p < 0.0001) and the right side 54.1% (35.95–75.9%) versus 33.5% (12.5–47.9%) (p < 0.0001). The BIS values and BISopt were compared with cerebral perfusion pressure, mean arterial pressure, and CPPopt. The results indicated that BISopt’s impact on pressure reactivity was distinct from CPPopt, cerebral perfusion pressure, or mean arterial pressure. Real-time BISopt can be derived from continuous physiologic monitoring of patients with moderate/severe traumatic brain injury. This BISopt value appears to be unassociated with arterial blood pressure or CPPopt, supporting its role as a novel physiologic metric for evaluating cerebral autoregulation. BISopt management to optimize cerebrovascular pressure reactivity should be the subject of future studies in moderate/severe traumatic brain injury.
Low molecular weight heparin reduces arterial blood lactic acid content and increases estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with moderate Covid-19 pneumonia
Authors: Ma Li , Zeng Yigang , Zhao Bing , Xu Lili , Li Jian , Zhu Tongyu , Mao Enqiang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) remains a serious health threat worldwide. We aimed to investigate whether low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) can promote organ function recovery in moderate Covid-19 pneumonia patients.

Methods:
We initiated an LMWH protocol in Covid-19 patients with increased D-dimer, body mass index >30 kg/m2 or a history of diabetes from January 18, 2020 at Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. In this retrospective study, we assigned moderate Covid-19 pneumonia patients admitted between January 18th and April 18, 2020 receiving the LMWH protocol to the LMWH group. Moderate patients who met the inclusion criteria but did not receive LMWH protocol were included in the control group by 1:2 propensity score matching. General clinical information, indicators for renal function, arterial blood gas analyses, arterial blood lactic acid content (mmol/L), and coagulation indexes at 0 day, 3 days, 7 days, and 11 days after admission were recorded and compared between the two groups.

Results:
There were 41 patients in the LMWH group and 82 patients in the control group. General information in both groups were similar. Compared to the control group, the arterial blood lactic acid content (mmol/L) at day 11 (1.3 [1.1, 1.7] vs. 1.2 [0.9, 1.3], P = 0.016) was reduced in the LMWH group. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the LMWH group was higher than that in the control group at day 7 (108.54 [89.11, 128.17] vs. 116.85 [103.39, 133.47], P = 0.039) and day 11 (113.74 [94.49, 126.34] vs. 128.31 [112.75, 144.12], P
= 0.003). The serum creatinine levels (Scr) in the LMWH group were lower than that in the control group at day 7 (62.13 [51.47, 77.64] vs. 55.49 [49.50, 65.75], P = 0.038) and day 11 (63.35 [50.17, 75.73] vs. 51.62 [44.62, 61.24], P = 0.005).

Conclusions:
LMWH treatment can reduce arterial blood lactic acid levels and improve eGFR in moderate Covid-19 pneumonia patients. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to further investigate this issue.

Trial registration:
ChiCTR.org.cn, ChiCTR2000034796.
Driving role of macrophages in transition from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease
Authors: Meng Xiaoming , Jin Juan , Lan Hui Yao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI), characterized by acute renal dysfunction, is an increasingly common clinical problem and an important risk factor in the subsequent development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Regardless of the initial insults, the progression of CKD after AKI involves multiple types of cells, including renal resident cells and immune cells such as macrophages. Recently, the involvements of macrophages in AKI-to-CKD transition have garnered significant attention. Furthermore, substantial progress has also been made in elucidating the pathophysiological functions of macrophages from the acute kidney to repair or fibrosis. In this review, we highlight current knowledge regarding the roles and mechanisms of macrophage activation and phenotypic polarization, and transdifferentiation in the development of AKI-to-CKD transition. In addition, the potential of macrophage-based therapy for preventing AKI-to-CKD transition is also discussed.
Lack of consensus in atypical congenital obstructive urethral lesions in children: Snapshot of the web-based ObsCUre (obstruction to the child urethra) study
Authors: Ng Rachel , Adam Ahmed , Poppleton Nathan , Oldmeadow Christopher , Deshpande Aniruddh V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Atypical Congenital Obstructive Urethral Lesions (ACOUL) are uncommon causes of urethral obstruction in children. They include Cobb’s collar or Moorman’s ring, Type III posterior urethral valve (PUV), congenital urethral narrowing and anterior urethral valves. This study is aimed to evaluate the knowledge and current practice amongst clinicians attending to ACOUL. An international online case based questionnaire was performed.

Materials and methods
A survey was administered to members of international urological societies. It included 22 clinical questions on cases with ACOUL (14 questions suitable for statistical analysis) using cases of Type I PUV as controls. Two sets of paired questions evaluated change in opinion(s) after additional information was provided.

Results
One hundred twenty-one participants responded with 71% reporting exposure of less than 5 cases per annum. In questions regarding diagnosis between 11.6% (14/121) and 21.5% (26/121) of participants identified the ACOUL as PUV. Among them, 66% of respondents agreed on ACOUL’s causative role in urethral obstruction. Gini coefficient was consistently lower for ACOUL compared to PUV: diagnosis (mean 0.33 vs. 0.44) and prognosis (0.23 vs. 0.43). High intra-rater concordance (kappa 0.420.57) was observed for paired questions–a mean of 5.79% (7.44% and 4.13% for questions 10 and 12, 16 and 17, respectively) of participants changed their answers from an alternate diagnosis to the correct diagnosis of ACOUL after viewing endoscopic images. High variation in management of ACOUL was noted (Gini 0.51).

Conclusions
This global snapshot survey identified substantial inconsistency among clinicians dealing with ACOUL. Although rarely encountered in clinical practice, better overall education of ACOUL is warranted.
Dose-Tracking Software: A Retrospective Analysis of Dosimetric Data in CT Procedures
Authors: Buono Mauro , Capussela Tiziana , Loffredo Filomena , Di Pasquale Maria Antonella , Serra Marcello , Quarto Maria 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The increasing use of ionizing radiation in healthcare is causing growing alarm about radiation protection of patients and the doses they receive during procedures. Radiation dose assessment for patients in radiodiagnostic procedures is the subject of interest in view of the recent Italian D.Lgs 31 July 2020, n. 101 (Decreto Legislativo 31 luglio 2020, n. 101) and one of its most important focuses is the prescription to provide patient exposure information as an integral part of the examination report. Dose monitoring systems are therefore essential for the collection of the dosimetric data. In order to analyse potential and critical issues of these software, different systems, adopted at the Antonio Cardarelli Hospital in Naples, were employed. Data extracted from the DoseWatch software (GE Healthcare) and Gray Detector (EL.CO. S.r.l. Healthcare Solutions, Italy) and relating to several protocols adopted for computed tomography (CT), were retrospectively analysed for the purpose of identifying critical issues in the data acquisition and recording phase, comparing with Italian nationwide diagnostic reference levels (DRLs), as provided for in regulatory provisions for radiation safety. Multiphase examinations were also included in this study. Once the distributions of volumetric CT Dose Index (CTDIvol) and dose-length product (DLP) were determined for each acquisition phase and total DLP (DLPtot) for each examination, the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles were calculated for each distribution and then compared with the relevant Italian nationwide DRLs. In addition, to improve protocol optimization and dose reduction the magnitude of the CT acquisition settings chosen in each procedure was evaluated. In conclusion, these systems allow accurate analysis of radiation dose according to equipment and protocol over time. For the application of optimization measures, a constant use of the dose tracking software is required, which can be translated into actions on scan parameters and prospective data analysis.
ASSOCIATION OF CHOROIDAL THICKNESS WITH RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT REPAIR
Authors: Trivizki Omer , Eremenko Ron , Au Adrian , Rabinovitch David , Abumanhal Muhamad , Schwartz Shulamit , Segal Ori , Rabina Gilad 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
To compare the choroidal thickness before and after pars plana vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair.

Methods:
A retrospective case series of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment patients presenting between January 2015 and September 2020. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and anatomical success were measured in operated eyes and fellow eyes at presentation, as well as 3 months and 6 months after pars plana vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair.

Results:
A total of 93 patients (males 59%) with a mean age of 61.8 ± 15.2 years were included. Eighty-one patients were anatomically successful (Group 1) and 12 redetached (Group 2). The mean SFCT of the operated eye at presentation was 258.3 ± 82.0 µm in comparison with 257.5 ± 83.7 µm in the fellow eye (P = 0.96). Group 2 presented with thicker SFCT than Group 1 at baseline (309.2 ± 56.2 vs. 250.7 ± 82.8 µm; P = 0.01). Both groups demonstrated thinning trend throughout follow-up. At 6-month follow-up, the mean SFCT was 225.6 ± 75.5 µm (P = 0.05). Fellow-eye SFCT was stable throughout follow-up (257 ± 83.7 at baseline vs. 255 ± 80.2 µm at 6 months).

Conclusion:
Eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment demonstrated thinning in the SFCT after vitrectomy surgery. Eyes with recurrent retinal detachment presented with a thicker choroid at baseline. Thicker SFCT at presentation may play a role in retinal redetachment.
Rethinking Ankle-Foot Orthosis Design: Feasibility Study of a Flexible AFO
Authors: Parrott Cathy Bieber , Giuffre Suzanne M. , Whiteside Joseph , Tully Emily G. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) are devices used to control the position and motion of the ankle and foot, so a safe and more efficient gait pattern results for people with lower-limb dysfunction. To provide the ankle and foot control, an AFO is typically made of hard plastic material. Research has shown that discomfort, difficulty using the device, or perceived lack of walking improvement results in low adherence to AFO use. The purpose of this study was to investigate an AFO made of a more flexible material to see if these drawbacks are improved.

Methods
Participants with a wide range of neurologic and musculoskeletal pathologies were issued a flexible AFO (FAFO). Performance and satisfaction data were collected at baseline, 2-week, and 3-month time points. Data collection included measures of balance (Berg Balance Scale) and temporal and spatial gait parameters (collected via the GAITRite Walkway System). Walking endurance was measured with the 6-minute walk test. Patient satisfaction was investigated using the Orthotic and Prosthetic User Satisfaction Survey (OPUS). Wearing adherence was measured as a percentage of the number of hours of wearing the FAFO per day.

Results
Statistical analysis using a paired t-test showed improvement was found from baseline to 2 weeks for balance and gait parameters of normalized velocity, double-limb support, and the Functional Ambulation Profile. These improvements were maintained at the 3-month follow-up. No improvement was found in patient satisfaction or walking endurance. Wearing adherence (number of hours per day) was found to be at the highest level of traditional AFO adherence-reported prior research.

Conclusions
This study found sufficient evidence to indicate the FAFO may be a feasible alternative to traditional hard material AFOs. Experimental trials comparing the FAFO to known gait improvements of currently accepted/traditional AFOs are needed.

Clinical Relevance
The FAFO investigated in this study provides beginning support for the feasibility of using ethylene-vinyl acetate thermoplastic as the sole material (coupled with the FAFO strapping system) for manufacturing an AFO. If further investigation confirms our findings, the FAFO can provide patients and orthotists another option to materials currently used in the manufacturing of an AFO.
Efficacy and Safety of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients With Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Bukowski Nicolas , Laurin Andrew , Laforgue Edouard-Jules , Preterre Cécile , Rouaud Tiphaine , Damier Philippe , Raoul Sylvie , Dumont Romain , Loutrel Olivier , Guitteny Marie , Derkinderen Pascal , Bulteau Samuel , Sauvaget Anne 
Published: March 2022

Aim
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has proven to be an effective therapy of some treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders and movement disorders. Comorbid depressive symptoms are common and difficult to manage. Treatment with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be required. There are few published cases describing the safety and efficacy of ECT for patients with DBS implants, and there are no available guidelines for administration of ECT in patients with DBS and mood disorders. The current study had 3 aims: (i) to conduct a systematic review of case reports on patients with DBS implants who received ECT; (ii) to report the case of a 69-year-old man with a DBS implant for essential tremor, who required ECT; and (iii) to provide practical recommendations for ECT in patients with DBS implants.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review, in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, of existing case reports on patients with DBS implants administered ECT for psychiatric disorders.

Results
Our search yielded 25 cases of ECT in patients implanted with DBS systems. In addition, we here describe successful ECT management of major depressive disorder in a patient treated by DBS. We also set forth ECT management guidelines based on points of consensus. The 2 most important practical recommendations are to make sure the DBS system is set to 0 V and turned off before ECT, and to avoid sites near the DBS electrodes.

Conclusions
Electroconvulsive therapy may be an effective and safe treatment for DBS patients with MDD.
Structural deviations of the posterior fossa and the cerebellum and their cognitive links in a neurodevelopmental deletion syndrome
Authors: Sefik Esra , Li Yiheng , Sholar Brittney , Evans Lindsey , Pincus Jordan , Ammar Zeena , Murphy Melissa M. , Klaiman Cheryl , Saulnier Celine A. , White Stormi P. , Goldman-Yassen Adam Ezra , Guo Ying , Walker Elaine F. , Li Longchuan , Shultz Sarah , Mulle Jennifer G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundHigh-impact genetic variants associated with neurodevelopmental disorders provide biologically defined entry points for etiological discovery. The 3q29 deletion (3q29Del) is one such variant that confers a ∼40-fold increased risk for schizophrenia, and a ∼30-fold increased risk for autism. However, the specific neural mechanisms underlying this link remain largely unknown.MethodsHere, we report the firstin vivoquantitative neuroimaging study in 3q29Del individuals (N=24) and healthy controls (N=1,608) using structural MRI. Given prior reports of posterior fossa abnormalities in 3q29Del, we focus our investigation on the cerebellum and its primary tissue-types. Additionally, we compare the prevalence of cystic/cyst-like malformations of the posterior fossa between 3q29Del participants and controls, and examine the association between neuroanatomical findings and standardized behavioral measures to probe gene-brain-behavior relationships.Results3q29Del participants had smaller cerebellar cortex volumes than controls, both before and after correction for intracranial volume (ICV). 3q29Del participants also had larger cerebellar white matter volumes than controls following ICV-correction. The 3q29Del group displayed an elevated rate of posterior fossa arachnoid cysts and mega cisterna magna findings independent of cerebellar volume. Sex played a moderating role in a subset of findings. Cerebellar white matter volume was positively associated with visual-motor integration skills and cognitive ability, while cystic/cyst-like malformations yielded no behavioral link.ConclusionsAbnormal development of posterior fossa structures may represent neuroimaging-based biomarkers in 3q29Del. Results reveal cerebellar associations with sensorimotor and cognitive deficits in 3q29Del and present a novel point of genetic convergence with cerebellar pathology reported in idiopathic forms of neurodevelopmental disease.
Network analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) identified in zebrafish after infection with Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) – an in silico approach
Authors: Guttula Praveen Kumar , Rather Mohd Asharf 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSpring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is a virus that belongs to family of spring viremia of carp (SVC) and frequently causes hemorrhagic symptoms in several types of cyprinids and causes severe economic and environmental losses. Therefore, the mechanism of the infection is not clearly understood. In this study, zebrafish was employed as the infection model to explore the pathogenesis of SVCV. 4 groups of zebrafish tissues were set and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology was employed to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after SVCV-infection. A total of 360,971,498 clean reads were obtained from samples, 382 DEGs in the brain and 926 DEGs in the spleen were identified. These DEGs were annotated into three ontologies after gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that these DEGs were primarily related to Influenza. A pathway and Herpes simplex infection pathway in brain and Tuberculosis and Toxoplasmosis pathways in spleen, and all of these pathways may be involved in response to pathogen invasion. The transcriptome analysis results demonstrated changes and tissue-specific influences caused by SVCV in vivo, which provided us with more information to understand the complex relationships between SVCV and its host.
Fluctuation-driven plasticity allows for flexible rewiring of neuronal assemblies
Authors: Devalle Federico , Roxin Alex 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSynaptic connections in neuronal circuits are modulated by pre- and post-synaptic spiking activity. Heuristic models of this process of synaptic plasticity can provide excellent fits to results from in-vitro experiments in which pre- and post-synaptic spiking is varied in a controlled fashion. However, the plasticity rules inferred from fitting such data are inevitably unstable, in that given constant pre- and post-synaptic activity the synapse will either fully potentiate or depress. This instability can be held in check by adding additional mechanisms, such as homeostasis. Here we consider an alternative scenario in which the plasticity rule itself is stable. When this is the case, net potentiation or depression only occur when pre- and post-synaptic activity vary in time, e.g. when driven by time-varying inputs. We study how the features of such inputs shape the recurrent synaptic connections in models of neuronal circuits. In the case of oscillatory inputs, the resulting structure is strongly affected by the phase relationship between drive to different neurons. In large networks, distributed phases tend to lead to hierarchical clustering. Our results may be of relevance for understanding the effect of sensory-driven inputs, which are by nature time-varying, on synaptic plasticity, and hence on learning and memory.