bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence in urban services in Malaysia: a review
Authors: Samsurijan Mohamad Shaharudin , Ebekozien Andrew , Nor Azazi Noor Alyani , Shaed Maslina Mohammed , Radin Badaruddin Radin Firdaus 
Published: March 2022

PurposeStudies showed that a proactive delivery system employing innovative artificial intelligence (AI) in urban services might perform better. This has become an important national policy for many countries. Thus, this study aims to explore the influence of AI in urban services in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachOfficial documents such as Structure Plan and Government Transformation Programme Policy Document covering various levels of cities in Malaysia, articles related to urban studies mostly written by researchers regarding urban growth in Malaysia and the Urban Development Bulletin from the Federal Department of Town and Country Planning from 1957 to date were reviewed and analysed.FindingsThe findings show that the influence of AI in urban services has long existed and been carefully planned by local authorities since colonial times. The development of global digital technology influences the upgrading of AI in urban services in Malaysia. Also, the success of AI in these municipal services is influenced by the rate of information technology literacy among the urban population. These developments have led to the definition of a conceptual city.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper's findings and conclusion were based on reviewed literature but did not compromise the strength of this paper. Thus, as part of the implications for future research, mixed-methods research design has been suggested.Practical implicationsAs part of the implications, this article intends to promote AI in urban services in Malaysia and other developing countries with similar urban services challenges.Originality/valueThis paper encourages AI applications in urban services because it enhances service delivery performance. This intends to key stakeholders to promote AI via policies across Malaysia's urban services as part of the study implications.
Diatoms from inland aquatic and soil habitats as indestructible and nonremovable forensic environmental evidence
Authors: Bogusz Iwona , Bogusz Marek , Żelazna‐Wieczorek Joanna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEnvironmental analysis of soil, water, and plants plays a key role in the criminal investigation process, as it not only provides information about the course of the crime, but it can also elucidate the connection between the offender, the victim, and the environment. One particularly useful way of linking the victim and offender to a specific environment is by analyzing their clothing for the presence of diatoms. The present research was conducted upon field experiments. Firstly, it examines the variability of diatom and the quantitative analysis of diatom communities in designated places, each at an increasing distance from the aquatic ecosystem. Secondly, it analyses the differentiation of the structure of diatom communities in designated environments located close to each other. Thirdly, it examines the diatom colonization of selected substrates: cotton, chamois leather, and sponge. Finally, it confirms whether the diatoms which transfer to socks after contact with the selected environment reflect the structure of the diatom communities in that environment, even after the socks had been washed. Our findings indicate that diatom communities vary considerably, even between environments separated by short distances, and that objects placed in a particular environment are colonized by diatoms that reflect the environmental samples, irrespective of the substrate. In addition, after contact with a specific aquatic ecosystem, sock material retained diatom collections that reflected the environment samples, even though the time of exposure was very short and after the socks had been washed. This provides valuable information that can be used as forensic evidence.
The effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on food security in Australia: A scoping review
Authors: Louie Serena , Shi Yumeng , Allman‐Farinelli Margaret 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThe COVID‐19 pandemic has disrupted the Australian food supply with potential ramifications on food security. This scoping review aimed to synthesise current evidence on the prevalence of food insecurity and changes to factors related to food insecurity during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia.MethodsA comprehensive search strategy was used to search seven databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Global Health, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO, Informit Online) and Google Scholar. Included studies were written in English, published in 2020–2021 and examined food security status in Australia during the COVID‐19 pandemic and/or factors associated with food insecurity in free‐living Australian residents. Articles with participants residing in institutional settings, where meals were supplied, were excluded.ResultsA total of 700 records were identified from database, grey literature and hand searching, and nine articles were included. All studies indicated that the prevalence of food insecurity had increased due to negative changes to food availability, accessibility, usability and stability. The downturn in employment and economic circumstances following the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic appeared to create a new group of food‐insecure Australians consisting of newly unemployed, and international students.ConclusionCOVID‐19 has exacerbated vulnerabilities in the Australian food supply and food security. Suggested actions include ongoing data collection on the long‐term impact of COVID‐19 on food supply and security in addition to coordinated national and community responses that improve the stability of the local food supply and address underlying determinants of food insecurity.
Efficacy of early enteral nutrition versus total parenteral nutrition for patients with gastric cancer complicated with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Ka , Wang Dan , Zhang Xingxia , Yang Jie , Chen Xinrong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to synthesise available data and evaluate the clinical evidence regarding the effect of early enteral nutrition versus total parenteral nutrition on nutritional status and blood glucose in patients with gastric cancer complicated with diabetes mellitus after gastrectomy.MethodsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis was designed, conducted and reported following the PRISMA guideline. We performed searches in PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedicine Literature Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Database. The study designs were randomised controlled trials, quasi‐randomised controlled trials, and controlled clinical trials. The trials compared early enteral nutrition (experimental group) with total parenteral nutrition (control group) in patients with gastric cancer complicated with diabetes mellitus after gastrectomy. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.ResultsA total of 19 trials (1255 patients) were included. Meta‐analysis showed a significantly shorter length of hospital stay (days; mean difference −5.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−6.28, −3.86], p < 0.00001) and a lower post‐operative complications rate (%; odds ratio 0.29, 95% CI [0.16, 0.50], p < 0.0001) in the early enteral nutrition group than in the total parenteral nutrition group. Compared with the total parenteral nutrition group, the early enteral nutrition group had lower blood glucose fluctuation values (mmol/L; mean difference −2.03, 95% CI [−2.44, −1.61], p < 0.00001), lower levels of glycosylated haemoglobin (%; mean difference −0.62, 95% CI [−1.22, −0.03], p = 0.04), higher levels of prealbumin (g/L; p = 0.002), transferrin (g/L; p = 0.002), total protein (g/L; p = 0.001) and haemoglobin (g/L; p = 0.005).ConclusionsEarly enteral nutrition may maintain stable blood glucose levels and improve nutritional status, leading to better therapeutic effectiveness in gastric cancer complicated with diabetes mellitus patients.
The Latent Dirichlet Allocation model applied to airborne LiDAR data: A case study on mapping forest degradation associated with fragmentation and fire in the Amazon region
Authors: Valle Denis , Silva Carlos Alberto , Longo Marcos , Brando Paulo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

LiDAR data are being increasingly used to provide a detailed characterization of the vertical profile of forests. This characterization enables the generation of new insights on the influence of environmental drivers and anthropogenic disturbances on forest structure as well as on how forest structure influences important ecosystem functions and services. Unfortunately, extracting information from LiDAR data in a way that enables the spatial visualization of forest structure, as well as its temporal changes, is challenging due to the high dimensionality of these data.

We show how the Latent Dirichlet Allocation model applied to LiDAR data (LidarLDA) can be used to identify forest structural types and how the relative abundance of these forest types changes throughout the landscape. The code to fit this model is made available through the open‐source r package LidarLDA in github. We illustrate the use of LidarLDA both with simulated data and data from a large‐scale fire experiment in the Brazilian Amazon region.

Using simulated data, we demonstrate that LidarLDA accurately identifies the number of forest types as well as their spatial distribution and absorptance probabilities. For the empirical data, we found that LidarLDA detects both landscape‐level patterns in forest structure as well as the strong interacting effect of fire and forest fragmentation on forest structure based on the experimental fire plots. More specifically, LidarLDA reveals that proximity to forest edge exacerbates the impact of fires, and that burned forests remain structurally different from unburned areas for at least 7 years, even when burned only once. Importantly, LidarLDA generates insights on the 3D structure of forest that cannot be obtained using more standard approaches that just focus on top‐of‐the‐canopy information (e.g. canopy height models based on LiDAR data).

By enabling the mapping of forest structure and its temporal changes, we believe that LidarLDA will be of broad utility to the ecological research community.
Defective dimerization of FoF1‐ATP synthase secondary to glycation favors mitochondrial energy deficiency in cardiomyocytes during aging
Authors: Bou‐Teen Diana , Fernandez‐Sanz Celia , Miro‐Casas Elisabet , Nichtova Zuzana , Bonzon‐Kulichenko Elena , Casós Kelly , Inserte Javier , Rodriguez‐Sinovas Antonio , Benito Begoña , Sheu Shey‐Shing , Vázquez Jesús , Ferreira‐González Ignacio , Ruiz‐Meana Marisol 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAged cardiomyocytes develop a mismatch between energy demand and supply, the severity of which determines the onset of heart failure, and become prone to undergo cell death. The FoF1‐ATP synthase is the molecular machine that provides >90% of the ATP consumed by healthy cardiomyocytes and is proposed to form the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), an energy‐dissipating channel involved in cell death. We investigated whether aging alters FoF1‐ATP synthase self‐assembly, a fundamental biological process involved in mitochondrial cristae morphology and energy efficiency, and the functional consequences this may have. Purified heart mitochondria and cardiomyocytes from aging mice displayed an impaired dimerization of FoF1‐ATP synthase (blue native and proximity ligation assay), associated with abnormal mitochondrial cristae tip curvature (TEM). Defective dimerization did not modify the in vitro hydrolase activity of FoF1‐ATP synthase but reduced the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation in intact mitochondria (in which membrane architecture plays a fundamental role) and increased cardiomyocytes’ susceptibility to undergo energy collapse by mPTP. High throughput proteomics and fluorescence immunolabeling identified glycation of 5 subunits of FoF1‐ATP synthase as the causative mechanism of the altered dimerization. In vitro induction of FoF1‐ATP synthase glycation in H9c2 myoblasts recapitulated the age‐related defective FoF1‐ATP synthase assembly, reduced the relative contribution of oxidative phosphorylation to cell energy metabolism, and increased mPTP susceptibility. These results identify altered dimerization of FoF1‐ATP synthase secondary to enzyme glycation as a novel pathophysiological mechanism involved in mitochondrial cristae remodeling, energy deficiency, and increased vulnerability of cardiomyocytes to undergo mitochondrial failure during aging.
Multi‐omic rejuvenation of naturally aged tissues by a single cycle of transient reprogramming
Authors: Chondronasiou Dafni , Gill Diljeet , Mosteiro Lluc , Urdinguio Rocio G. , Berenguer‐Llergo Antonio , Aguilera Mònica , Durand Sylvere , Aprahamian Fanny , Nirmalathasan Nitharsshini , Abad Maria , Martin‐Herranz Daniel E. , Stephan‐Otto Attolini Camille , Prats Neus , Kroemer Guido , Fraga Mario F. , Reik Wolf , Serrano Manuel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe expression of the pluripotency factors OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and MYC (OSKM) can convert somatic differentiated cells into pluripotent stem cells in a process known as reprogramming. Notably, partial and reversible reprogramming does not change cell identity but can reverse markers of aging in cells, improve the capacity of aged mice to repair tissue injuries, and extend longevity in progeroid mice. However, little is known about the mechanisms involved. Here, we have studied changes in the DNA methylome, transcriptome, and metabolome in naturally aged mice subject to a single period of transient OSKM expression. We found that this is sufficient to reverse DNA methylation changes that occur upon aging in the pancreas, liver, spleen, and blood. Similarly, we observed reversion of transcriptional changes, especially regarding biological processes known to change during aging. Finally, some serum metabolites and biomarkers altered with aging were also restored to young levels upon transient reprogramming. These observations indicate that a single period of OSKM expression can drive epigenetic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic changes toward a younger configuration in multiple tissues and in the serum.
Advancing Australian public health initiatives targeting dementia risk reduction
Authors: Siette Joyce , Taylor Nathan , Deckers Kay , Köhler Sebastian , Braithwaite Jeffrey , Valenzuela Michael , Armitage Christopher J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPublic health initiatives aim to improve health outcomes for populations by preventing disease and ill‐health consequences of environmental hazards and natural or human‐made disasters. Whilst public health initiatives have been used successfully to modify behaviours for chronic diseases, many initiatives targeting reduced dementia risk in older adults suffer from conceptual and statistical flaws that greatly limit their usefulness. The limited success in modifying lifestyle dementia risk factors has led us to fall short in building a successful roadmap to dementia risk reduction. Here we argue for adopting a population‐level, holistic approach to dementia risk reduction strategies across the lifespan. This approach is supplemented by 10 strategies that focus on improving social policies, harnessing existing policy, legislature and incentive schemes, and identifying feasible approaches to increase recreational and transport‐related physical activity to creating best practice health care that supports healthy brain ageing for all.
Repositioning the (Is)land: Climate Change Adaptation and the Atoll Assemblage
Authors: Jarillo Sergio , Barnett Jon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSinking atolls are an enduring symbol of the power of climate change to destroy inhabited places. Climate impact science and the media share a panoptic gaze on atoll islands seeing them as being small, inert and passive in the face of rising seas. The focus in these accounts is on the power of water as the agent of destruction, while the agency of the assemblage of human and non‐human actors that is the (is)land itself is ignored. Thus, atolls are said to be vulnerable, and the prevailing ideas of adaptation are either international relocation to avoid the sea or seawalls to contain it. Based on qualitative field research in Pacific atolls, this paper examines the connections between island peoples and their terrestrial environments, and the work that they are doing in response to the impacts of climate change. It shows how land is conceived symbolically, socio‐culturally and legally, and considers its role in sustaining livelihoods and anchoring identities through a changing climate.
Sofosbuvir and risk of estimated glomerular filtration rate decline or end‐stage renal disease in patients with renal impairment
Authors: Sulkowski Mark , Telep Laura E. , Colombo Massimo , Durand Francois , Reddy K. Rajender , Lawitz Eric , Bourlière Marc , Cheinquer Nelson , Scherbakovsky Stacey , Ni Liyun , Force Lindsey , Ramroth Heribert , Gaggar Anuj , Chokkalingam Anand P. , Sise Meghan E. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryBackgroundSofosbuvir, a prodrug nucleoside inhibitor of hepatitis C virus, has a predominant circulating metabolite that is renally eliminated. Whether sofosbuvir is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression is not well understood.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 30–89 mL/min/1.73 m2 treated with sofosbuvir in 76 Phase 2/3 registrational trials. We evaluated eGFR at each study visit. Separately, we performed a retrospective analysis of an administrative claims database (IQVIA PharMetrics Plus™) to compare the risk of incident end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) associated with the use of sofosbuvir or non‐sofosbuvir regimens among patients with CKD using propensity score methods. Exposure, CKD status and outcomes were determined using diagnosis and medication claim codes. Cox proportional hazards methods were used to estimate ESRD risk.ResultsAmong 4642 trial participants with baseline stage 2 CKD (eGFR 60–89 ml/min/1.73 m2) and 682 trial participants with stage 3 CKD (eGFR 30–59 ml/min/1.73 m2) mean (SD) eGFR improved from baseline to 4 weeks post‐treatment (+0.7 [9.3] and +2.6 [8.8] ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively; p < 0.001 each). In the second analysis, among 2042 patients with CKD receiving sofosbuvir‐based regimens compared to 431 receiving non‐sofosbuvir‐based regimens, after adjusting for baseline covariates and weighting based on treatment propensity scores, there was no significant difference in risk of ESRD (adjusted HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.51–1.42).ConclusionsClinical trial participants with CKD did not experience worsening eGFR during sofosbuvir‐based treatment, and sofosbuvir was not associated with an increased risk of ESRD in patients with CKD in a nationally‐representative administrative claims database.
Weekend delivery and maternal–neonatal adverse outcomes in low‐risk pregnancies in the United States: A population‐based analysis of 3‐million live births
Authors: Kim Sooyong , Selya Arielle S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildbirth is the most common cause of hospital admission in the United States. Previous studies have shown that there might be a “weekend effect” in perinatal care, indicating that mothers and newborns whose deliveries occur during the weekends are at increased risk of having adverse outcomes. This study aims to isolate the association between the weekend delivery and maternal–neonatal adverse outcomes by investigating low‐risk pregnancies in nationwide data.MethodsA population‐based study of all low‐risk pregnancies (in‐hospital, nonanomalous, term, normal birthweight, and singleton) was conducted based on US national natality data in 2017. Four maternal outcomes (ICU admission, uterine rupture, blood transfusion, and perineal laceration) and three neonatal outcomes (5‐minute Apgar <7, NICU admission, and neonatal death) were defined as adverse outcomes. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association, adjusting for 23 maternal and neonatal characteristics and risk factors.ResultsAmong 3 011 577 low‐risk pregnancies, 6.0% were reported to have at least one of the maternal–neonatal adverse outcomes. Weekend deliveries were significantly associated with six maternal–neonatal adverse outcomes with an exception of neonatal death. In general, weekend deliveries were 1.13 times significantly as likely to have any of seven maternal–neonatal adverse outcomes than weekday deliveries (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.11‐1.14), being attributed to adverse outcomes of more than 4500 mother–newborn pairs.ConclusionsWeekend delivery is a consistent risk factor for both mothers and babies at the national level. Furthermore, studies are needed about possible modifiable factors that mediate these associations to ensure safe childbirth regardless of the day of delivery.
Bone health and glucocorticoid‐containing lymphoma therapy — a review of risk factors and preventative measures
Authors: Eyre Toby A. , Jensen Paw , Booth Stephen , El‐Galaly Tarec Christoffer 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith survival outcomes ever improving for patients with a wide range of lymphoma histologies, the focus on reducing long‐term complications of therapy has increased. Recently published, complimentary population and retrospective series have highlighted the importance of considering bone health in patients treated for lymphoma. Fracture‐related events or the requirement for secondary bone prophylaxis, likely linked to glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis (GIO) are substantial and clinically meaningful in a significant minority of patients following routinely employed steroid‐containing immunochemotherapy. In this review, we describe the pathophysiology of GIO, the risk of GIO in observational front‐line lymphoma studies and efficacy of prophylactic measures from several prospective clinical trials are summarized. Finally, areas of importance for future research are discussed and recommendations for GIO risk assessment and management in lymphoma are provided based on the current available literature.
Frontiers in quantifying wildlife behavioural responses to chemical pollution
Authors: Bertram Michael G. , Martin Jake M. , McCallum Erin S. , Alton Lesley A. , Brand Jack A. , Brooks Bryan W. , Cerveny Daniel , Fick Jerker , Ford Alex T. , Hellström Gustav , Michelangeli Marcus , Nakagawa Shinichi , Polverino Giovanni , Saaristo Minna , Sih Andrew , Tan Hung , Tyler Charles R. , Wong Bob B.M. , Brodin Tomas 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTAnimal behaviour is remarkably sensitive to disruption by chemical pollution, with widespread implications for ecological and evolutionary processes in contaminated wildlife populations. However, conventional approaches applied to study the impacts of chemical pollutants on wildlife behaviour seldom address the complexity of natural environments in which contamination occurs. The aim of this review is to guide the rapidly developing field of behavioural ecotoxicology towards increased environmental realism, ecological complexity, and mechanistic understanding. We identify research areas in ecology that to date have been largely overlooked within behavioural ecotoxicology but which promise to yield valuable insights, including within‐ and among‐individual variation, social networks and collective behaviour, and multi‐stressor interactions. Further, we feature methodological and technological innovations that enable the collection of data on pollutant‐induced behavioural changes at an unprecedented resolution and scale in the laboratory and the field. In an era of rapid environmental change, there is an urgent need to advance our understanding of the real‐world impacts of chemical pollution on wildlife behaviour. This review therefore provides a roadmap of the major outstanding questions in behavioural ecotoxicology and highlights the need for increased cross‐talk with other disciplines in order to find the answers.