bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Procrustes Analysis for High-Dimensional Data
Authors: Andreella Angela , Finos Livio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Procrustes-based perturbation model (Goodall in J R Stat Soc Ser B Methodol 53(2):285–321, 1991) allows minimization of the Frobenius distance between matrices by similarity transformation. However, it suffers from non-identifiability, critical interpretation of the transformed matrices, and inapplicability in high-dimensional data. We provide an extension of the perturbation model focused on the high-dimensional data framework, called the ProMises (Procrustes von Mises–Fisher) model. The ill-posed and interpretability problems are solved by imposing a proper prior distribution for the orthogonal matrix parameter (i.e., the von Mises–Fisher distribution) which is a conjugate prior, resulting in a fast estimation process. Furthermore, we present the Efficient ProMises model for the high-dimensional framework, useful in neuroimaging, where the problem has much more than three dimensions. We found a great improvement in functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity analysis because the ProMises model permits incorporation of topological brain information in the alignment’s estimation process.
Temperature Dependence of Hall–Petch Parameters Using In Situ Diffraction Experiments in AZ31 Alloy
Authors: Garces G. , Clemente A. , Medina J. , Perez P. , Stark A. , Schell N. , Adeva P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe temperature evolution of the Hall–Petch parameters for basal slip and twinning systems has been evaluated for the AZ31 alloy, using synchrotron radiation diffraction during compression tests from room temperature to 473 K. The AZ31 alloy was processed following two processing routes, casting and powder metallurgy, to obtain two different grain sizes with a similar strong fiber texture. Although macroscopic plasticity is controlled by tensile twinning, the stress for the activation of basal slip can also be calculated. At low temperatures, the grain size dependence of twinning is much higher than that for basal slip. However, basal slip prevails at 473 K, especially for the alloy processed through the powder metallurgy route, because of the low tendency for twinning deformation.
Adrenal crises in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Rushworth R. Louise , Chrisp Georgina L. , Bownes Suzannah , Torpy David J. , Falhammar Henrik 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Review the literature concerning adrenal insufficiency (AI) and adrenal crisis (AC) in adolescents and young adults.

Methods
Searches of PubMed identifying relevant reports up to March 2022.

Results
AI is rare disorder that requires lifelong glucocorticoid replacement therapy and is associated with substantial morbidity and occasional mortality among adolescents and young adults. Aetiologies in this age group are more commonly congenital, with acquired causes, resulting from tumours in the hypothalamic-pituitary area and autoimmune adrenalitis among others, increasing with age. All patients with AI are at risk of AC, which have an estimated incidence of 6 to 8 ACs/100 patient years. Prevention of ACs includes use of educational interventions to achieve competency in dose escalation and parenteral glucocorticoid administration during times of physiological stress, such as an intercurrent infection. While the incidence of AI/AC in young children and adults has been documented, there are few studies focussed on the AC occurrence in adolescents and young adults with AI. This is despite the range of developmental, psychosocial, and structural changes that can interfere with chronic disease management during this important period of growth and development.

Conclusion
In this review, we examine the current state of knowledge of AC epidemiology in emerging adults; examine the causes of ACs in this age group; and suggest areas for further investigation that are aimed at reducing the incidence and health impact of ACs in these patients.
Spontaneous Hind Limb Paralysis Due to Acute Precursor B Cell Leukemia in RAG1-deficient Mice
Authors: Feifei Liu , Richter Anna , Runge Jens , Keiler Jonas , Hermann Andreas , Kipp Markus , Joost Sarah 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRAG1-deficient mice are a frequently used immunodeficient mouse strain lacking mature lymphocytes. Apart from an elevated risk for infections, no predispositions for diseases of this strain have been described so far. We here report a high incidence of spontaneous pro B cell leukemia resulting in hind limb paralysis in our colony of RAG1-deficient mice. At an age of 7–13 months, animals developed hind limb paralysis and rapid decrease of the overall health condition leading to the need of euthanasia. Histological and flow cytometric analyses as well as micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scans revealed CD45+ CD19+ IgM− cell infiltrates in the spleen, the bone marrow, and the spinal canal. Monthly blood sampling and screening for CD19+ blast frequency in the peripheral blood was successfully established for monitoring of leukemia development before symptom onset. We conclude that facilities that breed RAG1-deficient mice should be aware of the risk of leukemia development in this strain and recommend to implement regular blood sampling for aged RAG1-deficient animals.
Exploring the multifactorial aspects of Gut Microbiome in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Pavan Sujith , Prabhu Arvind N. , Prasad Gorthi Sankar , Das Bhabatosh , Mutreja Ankur , Shetty Vignesh , Ramamurthy Thandavarayan , Ballal Mamatha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdvanced research in health science has broadened our view in approaching and understanding the pathophysiology of diseases and has also revolutionised diagnosis and treatment. Ever since the establishment of Braak’s hypothesis in the propagation of alpha-synuclein from the distant olfactory and enteric nervous system towards the brain in Parkinson’s Disease (PD), studies have explored and revealed the involvement of altered gut microbiota in PD. This review recapitulates the gut microbiome associated with PD severity, duration, motor and non-motor symptoms, and antiparkinsonian treatment from recent literature. Gut microbial signatures in PD are potential predictors of the disease and are speculated to be used in early diagnosis and treatment. In brief, the review also emphasises on implications of the prebiotic, probiotic, faecal microbiota transplantation, and dietary interventions as alternative treatments in modulating the disease symptoms in PD.
Impact of gastric and bowel surgery on gastrointestinal drug delivery
Authors: Hua Susan , Lye Ephraem C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
General surgical procedures on the gastrointestinal tract are commonly performed worldwide. Surgical resections of the stomach, small intestine, or large intestine can have a significant impact on the anatomy and physiological environment of the gastrointestinal tract. These physiological changes can affect the effectiveness of orally administered formulations and drug absorption and, therefore, should be considered in rational drug formulation design for specific pathological conditions that are commonly associated with surgical intervention. For optimal drug delivery, it is important to understand how different surgical procedures affect the short-term and long-term functionality of the gastrointestinal tract. The significance of the surgical intervention is dependent on factors such as the specific region of resection, the degree of the resection, the adaptive and absorptive capacity of the remaining tissue, and the nature of the underlying disease. This review will focus on the common pathological conditions affecting the gastric and bowel regions that may require surgical intervention and the physiological impact of the surgery on gastrointestinal drug delivery. The pharmaceutical considerations for conventional and novel oral drug delivery approaches that may be impacted by general surgical procedures of the gastrointestinal tract will also be addressed.
Graphical abstract
Can SGLT2 inhibitors answer unmet therapeutic needs in chronic kidney disease?
Authors: De Nicola Luca , Cozzolino Mario , Genovesi Simonetta , Gesualdo Loreto , Grandaliano Giuseppe , Pontremoli Roberto 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem, affecting more than 850 million people worldwide. The number of patients receiving renal replacement therapy (dialysis or renal transplantation) has increased over the years, and it has been estimated that the number of people receiving renal replacement therapy will more than double from 2.618 million in 2010 to 5.439 million in 2030, with wide differences among countries. The main focus of CKD treatment has now become preserving renal function rather than replacing it. This is possible, at least to some extent, through the optimal use of multifactorial therapy aimed at preventing end-stage kidney disease and cardiovascular events. Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduce glomerular hypertension and albuminuria with beneficial effects on progression of renal damage in both diabetic and non-diabetic CKD. SGLT2 inhibitors also show great benefits in cardiovascular protection, irrespective of diabetes. Therefore, the use of these drugs will likely be extended to the whole CKD population as a new standard of care.
Graphical abstract
Petrographic composition of coal within the Benue Trough, Nigeria and a consideration of the paleodepositional setting
Authors: Mangs A. D. , Wagner N. J. , Moroeng O. M. , Lar U. A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe petrographic composition of Cretaceous-age coals hosted in the Benue Trough, Nigeria is presented and discussed in terms of the paleodepositional settings that influenced the coal-bearing formations. The Benue Trough is a failed arm of the triple junction of an inland sedimentary basin that extends in a NE-SW direction from the Gulf of Guinea in the south, to the Chad Basin in the north. A total of twenty-nine (29) coal samples were obtained from nineteen coal localities in the Upper (UBT), Middle (MBT), and Lower Benue Trough (LBT). The high average volatile matter yield, low average ash yield, high calorific value (24.82 MJ/kg, on average), and low sulphur values indicate good quality coal deposits. The organic matter is dominated by vitrinite, reported at an average of 59.3% by volume (mineral-matter free). Variation was noted in the inertinite content across three sub-regions. Liptinite macerals were not commonly observed in the studied samples and were absent in the MBT samples. Coal facies studies decipher the paleoenvironmental conditions under which the vegetation accumulated. Indices commonly used are the gelification index (GI), tissue preservation index (TPI), ground water index (GWI and variations), vegetation index (VI), and wood index (WI). Comparing the array of coal facies models applied, the MBT samples differ from the UBT and LBT samples, concurring with the coal quality data. The UBT and LBT coals formed in an upper deltaic to drier piedmont plane depositional environment, while the MBT coal formed in a lower deltaic marsh to wet forest swamp depositional environment. All samples indicate an ombrotrophic paleomire. In view of the modified equations and the plots used, interpreting depositional environments from just a single model is not reliable.
Analytical solution to logarithmic spiral trajectories with circumferential thrust and mission applications
Authors: Bassetto Marco , Quarta Alessandro A. , Mengali Giovanni 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study made use of a shape-based method to analyze the orbital dynamics of a spacecraft subject to a continuous propulsive acceleration acting along the circumferential direction. Under the assumption of a logarithmic spiral trajectory, an exact solution to the equations of motion exists, which allows the spacecraft state variables and flight time to be expressed as a function of the angular coordinate. There is also a case characterized by specific initial conditions in which the time evolution of the state variables may be analytically determined. In this context, the presented solution is used to analyze circle-to-circle trajectories, where the combination of two impulsive maneuvers and a logarithmic spiral path are used to accomplish the transfer. The determined results are then applied to the achievement of the Earth—Mars and the Earth—Venus transfers using actual data from a recent thruster developed by NASA.
Micro-Raman spectroscopic analysis on natural carbonates: linear relations found via biaxial plotting of peak frequencies for cation substituted species
Authors: Urashima Shu-hei , Nishioka Tomoya , Yui Hiroharu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Carbonates are ubiquitous minerals carrying important information on aqueous environments where they precipitated on the Earth and space. While their ideal chemical formulae are denoted as simple as MCO3 or M1M2(CO3)2 (M: metal cations), natural carbonates generally form solid-solution series and their compositions deviate from the ideal formulae. Since their cation composition due to the substitution provides a sensitive indicator for chemical and thermodynamic environments of aqueous solutions where they precipitated, their composition analysis has been widely carried out from the environmental/geochemical/astrochemical aspects. However, in widely used back-scattered electron and energy dispersion X-Ray analyses, samples should be generally sliced and/or their surface be polished prior to the measurements. For analyzing rare samples with small sizes, such as ones sampled from deep-sea and/or meteorites and asteroids, a non-destructive method without any pretreatments has been strongly desired. Here, a novel analytical method for discriminating various carbonates with Raman micro-spectroscopy is demonstrated, showing that the biaxial plot of the peak frequencies of their lattice modes linearly moves upon partial substitution of the cations. The cation substitution leads to linear movement in the biaxial map, and the slopes of the movement were different for Mg2+-Fe2+ and Mn2+-Fe2+ substitutions. This finding suggests that the micro-Raman analysis would be a non-destructive analytical method for evaluating the relative amount of Mg2+, Fe2+, and Mn2+ in dolomite-ankerite-kutnohorite solid-solution series, as well as Mg2+/Fe2+ ratio for magnesite-breunnerite-siderite. It would be helpful for analyzing the present and past terrestrial and cosmochemical environments.

Graphical abstract
Aerothermodynamics of a sphere in a monatomic gas based onab initiointeratomic potentials over a wide range of gas rarefaction: transonic, supersonic and hypersonic flows
Authors: Sharipov Felix , Volkov Alexey N. 
Published: May 2022

Aerothermodynamic characteristics of a sphere such as drag and energy transfer coefficients are calculated for Mach numbers varying from 1 to 10 over a wide range of the gas rarefaction degree spanning the free molecular, transitional and near hydrodynamic flow regimes. The effects of major factors determining the gas flow are studied using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. To reveal the effect of gas species, the simulations are performed based onab initiointeratomic potentials for helium, neon, argon and krypton, as well as based on the hard sphere model. The impact of the accommodation coefficients is evaluated by applying the Cercignani–Lampis model of gas–surface interaction. The calculations are carried out for several values of the free stream and sphere temperatures. It is found that the effects of gas species on the drag and energy transfer coefficients are approximately 3 % and 6 %, respectively. The accommodation coefficients in the Cercignani–Lampis model strongly affect all aerothermodynamic characteristics. The drag and energy transfer coefficients calculated for different accommodation coefficients vary within 30 % and 200 %, respectively. It is found that the variation of the tangential momentum and normal energy accommodation coefficients can induce an increase of the drag coefficient compared to the case of diffuse gas–surface interaction. In hypersonic flows, the drag coefficient varies within 30 % when the sphere temperature varies from the free stream temperature to the stagnation temperature. The drag and energy transfer coefficients are found to be non-monotonic functions of the free stream temperature.
Botánica Sephardica
Authors: Stein Sarah Abrevaya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article traces the genealogy of a Jewish-owned botánica located in East Harlem in the 1930s and 1940s. Botánicas are understood to manifest an intricate, transatlantic religious, spiritual, and healing world, offering herbal products, sacramental goods, ritual implements, and counseling to Italian, Latinx, Black, and Caribbean practitioners of folk Catholicism, herbalism, hoodoo, Vodou, Santería, Espiritismo, Curanderismo, Òrìṣà worship and other ethnomedical and spiritual systems. Yet this botánica was owned by an Eastern Mediterranean Jew from the Ottoman/Italian island of Rhodes, and it integrated Sephardic and Mediterranean histories and sources of inspiration. Extraordinarily, this history stands for a greater whole. Jews were pioneering spiritual merchants in the United States. Restoring their history requires journeying globally, beginning with Ottomans’ fidelity to herbalism; tracing émigré Sephardic Jews’ uneven dialogue with Black African men and women in colonial Central and Southern Africa; and delving into the commercial, spiritual, and racial interplay furthered by Jewish-owned pharmacies and botánicas in New York City, Baltimore, Atlanta, Memphis, Charleston, Chicago, and Los Angeles and by Jewish spiritual merchants and their Caribbean, Latinx, and Black patrons. All this introduces an unexpected Jewish and Mediterranean history to the botánica, and an unexpectedly multifarious spiritual, mercantile, and racial dimension to Jewish history.
Passive Breathing of Earth‐Air: “Fingerprint” Evidence From Moisture Records
Authors: Li Hongshou , Wang Shunren , Li Fei , Gong Yipu , Wang Xiaowei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract“Earth‐air” refers to air in the vadose zone. Studies have long suggested that earth‐air undergoes a passive breathing effect due to atmospheric pumping. The earth‐air can be modeled as an ideal gas in a closed system, so that the volume of earth‐air varies as the atmospheric pressure (AP) fluctuates. When AP rises, earth‐air is compressed and external air is drawn into the vadose zone. Conversely, when AP drops, earth‐air expands and moist earth‐air enters the atmosphere. In arid regions, there is a moisture gradient in soil due to dryness of the climate: the humidity is relatively low in the upper soil layer, and relatively high in the subsoil. Therefore, if earth‐air undergoes passive breathing, the humidity of earth‐air will fluctuate with AP. This means that passive breathing of the earth‐air should leave traces in the recorded moisture which exactly match AP fluctuations. In this work, clear evidence is presented for the existence of earth‐air passive breathing. This is accomplished by using an innovatively‐designed trap to monitor humidity in 30 cm gravelly sand and showing that these moisture/temperature records contain fingerprints which are characteristic of passive breathing. It is found that relative humidity (RH) in soil is negatively correlated with the atmospheric fluctuations. The correlation between 10‐min average AP and RH timeseries reaches −0.75 for the time‐periods of 20 days. This study provides a new understanding in land‐atmosphere heat/mass exchange from the perspective of vertical fluid dynamics.
Rapid switching and durable on-chip spark-cavitation-bubble cell sorter
Authors: Jiao Zeheng , Han Yong , Zhao Jingjing , Chao Zixi , Tárnok Attila , You Zheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrecise and high-speed sorting of individual target cells from heterogeneous populations plays an imperative role in cell research. Although the conventional fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) is capable of rapid and accurate cell sorting, it occupies a large volume of the instrument and inherently brings in aerosol generation as well as cross-contamination among samples. The sorting completed in a fully enclosed and disposable microfluidic chip has the potential to eliminate the above concerns. However, current microfluidic cell sorters are hindered by the high complexities of the fabrication procedure and the off-chip setup. In this paper, a spark-cavitation-bubble-based fluorescence-activated cell sorter is developed to perform fast and accurate sorting in a microfluidic chip. It features a simple structure and an easy operation. This microfluidic sorter comprises a positive electrode of platinum and a negative electrode of tungsten, which are placed on the side of the main channel. By applying a high-voltage discharge on the pair of electrodes, a single spark cavitation bubble is created to deflect the target particle into the downstream collection channel. The sorter has a short switching time of 150 μs and a long lifespan of more than 100 million workable actions. In addition, a novel control strategy is proposed to dynamically adjust the discharge time to stabilize the size of the cavitation bubble for continuous sorting. The dynamic control of continuously triggering the sorter, the optimal delay time between fluorescence detection and cell sorting, and a theoretical model to predict the ideal sorting recovery and purity are studied to improve and evaluate the sorter performance. The experiments demonstrate that the sorting rate of target particles achieves 1200 eps, the total analysis throughput is up to 10,000 eps, the particles sorted at 4000 eps exhibit a purity greater than 80% and a recovery rate greater than 90%, and the sorting effect on the viability of HeLa cells is negligible.
Programmed cell death in atherosclerosis and vascular calcification
Authors: Li Min , Wang Zhen-Wei , Fang Li-Juan , Cheng Shou-Quan , Wang Xin , Liu Nai-Feng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe concept of cell death has been expanded beyond apoptosis and necrosis to additional forms, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. These cell death modalities play a critical role in all aspects of life, which are noteworthy for their diverse roles in diseases. Atherosclerosis (AS) and vascular calcification (VC) are major causes for the high morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease. Despite considerable advances in understanding the signaling pathways associated with AS and VC, the exact molecular basis remains obscure. In the article, we review the molecular mechanisms that mediate cell death and its implications for AS and VC. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying cell death in AS and VC may drive the development of promising therapeutic strategies.
Singlet and triplet to doublet energy transfer: improving organic light-emitting diodes with radicals
Authors: Li Feng , Gillett Alexander J. , Gu Qinying , Ding Junshuai , Chen Zhangwu , Hele Timothy J. H. , Myers William K. , Friend Richard H. , Evans Emrys W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOrganic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) must be engineered to circumvent the efficiency limit imposed by the 3:1 ratio of triplet to singlet exciton formation following electron-hole capture. Here we show the spin nature of luminescent radicals such as TTM-3PCz allows direct energy harvesting from both singlet and triplet excitons through energy transfer, with subsequent rapid and efficient light emission from the doublet excitons. This is demonstrated with a model Thermally-Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) organic semiconductor, 4CzIPN, where reverse intersystem crossing from triplets is characteristically slow (50% emission by 1 µs). The radical:TADF combination shows much faster emission via the doublet channel (80% emission by 100 ns) than the comparable TADF-only system, and sustains higher electroluminescent efficiency with increasing current density than a radical-only device. By unlocking energy transfer channels between singlet, triplet and doublet excitons, further technology opportunities are enabled for optoelectronics using organic radicals.