bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodegradable polyaspartamide‐g‐C18/DOPA/GLY‐NEO nano‐adhesives for wound closure/healing with antimicrobial activity
Authors: Lim Cheolwon , Kim Dukjoon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study was focused on the development of biodegradable nano‐adhesives with efficient sealing and antibiotic effects for wound healing. Biodegradable polyaspartamide (PASPAM) was grafted with several functional groups to implement diverse roles—octadecylamine (C18) for nano‐aggregate formation, dopamine (DOPA) for adhesive function, neomycin (NEO) for inhibition of bacterial infection. Specifically, NEO was conjugated to PASPAM with a pH‐sensitive glycine (GLY) linker for targeted delivery on the acidic wound site. About 60% of the drug was ramteleased at pH 6.0, while about 22% was released at pH 7.4, showing the faster drug release pattern of nano‐adhesives in the acidic environment. The C18/DOPA/GLY‐NEO‐g‐PASPAM nano‐adhesives showed the bacterial viability higher than 70% at pH 7.4, but about 40% at pH 6.0. The wound breaking strength of the polymer‐treated skin was much higher than that of the bare skin. According to the in vivo wound healing test using a mouse model, C18/DOPA/GLY‐NEO‐g‐PASPAM nano‐adhesives showed much faster healing performance than sutures. From those results, C18/DOPA/GLY‐NEO‐g‐PASPAM nano‐adhesives are expected to be utilized as effective adhesives that promote the wound healing with inhibition of bacterial infection.
Effect of leukocyte‐platelet‐rich fibrin in bone healing around dental implants placed in conventional and wide osteotomy sites: A pre‐clinical study
Authors: Benalcázar Jalkh Ernesto B. , Tovar Nick , Arbex Leticia , Kurgansky Gregory , Torroni Andrea , Gil Luiz F. , Wall Brittany , Kohanbash Kimia , Bonfante Estevam A. , Coelho Paulo G. , Witek Lukasz 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLeukocyte‐platelet‐rich fibrin (L‐PRF) has been suggested for gap management for immediate implant placement when the distance is greater than 2 mm. However, there remains a paucity in hierarchically designed research to support this application. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of L‐PRF on the osseointegration parameters of dental implants placed after conventional osteotomy of surgically created bone defects that simulate post extraction sockets in a canine model after 3, 6, and 12 weeks in vivo. Eighty dental implants (Intra‐Lock, Boca Raton, FL) were placed in the radius of 13 beagle dogs. The experiment consisted of 4 groups (n = 20 implants/group): 1) Regular osteotomy (Reg n/L‐PRF); 2) Regular osteotomy and implant placement with L‐PRF membrane (Reg L‐PRF); 3) Wide osteotomy with no gap management performed, where an osteotomy/bony defect (6 mm of diameter and ~5 mm deep) was created to simulate immediate implant placement in post‐extraction sockets, and the gap was left for spontaneous healing (Wide nL‐PRF); and 4) Wide osteotomy with L‐PRF gap management (Wide L‐PRF). L‐PRF membranes were obtained by blood drawn from each subject and centrifuged at 2700 rpm (408 RCF‐clot) for 12 min. In the experimental groups where L‐PRF was utilized, the membrane was inserted into the osteotomy site prior to implant placement. Six dogs had implants placed in the radius for 3 weeks; and 7 dogs had implants placed in the left radius for 6 weeks and in the right radius for 12 weeks. At the corresponding experimental time points, samples were harvested, and subjected to histological processing for qualitative and quantitative analyses, via bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) and bone‐area‐fraction occupancy (BAFO). Qualitative analysis demonstrated increased amounts of bone formation around the implant and within the healing chambers over time for all groups. While comparable histological features were observed for both Reg groups (L‐PRF and nL‐PRF), the gap management performed in Wide L‐PRF group resulted in effective gap filling with improved bone growth in close proximity to the implant surface. Quantitative analyses of BIC and BAFO yielded higher values for both variables at 3 weeks for Wide L‐PRF (~38% and ~56% respectively) compared to Wide nL‐PRF (~20% for BIC and BAFO) (p < .03). No statistical differences were detected between Wide groups at 6 and 12 weeks, neither between Reg groups, independent of the association with or without the L‐PRF membrane at all healing times. L‐PRF placed within wide osteotomies, prior to implant placement, resulted in increased early bone formation compared to unfilled wide osteotomies at the early healing time (3 weeks in vivo).
Long‐term outcomes of living‐donor liver transplantation, hepatic resection, and local therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with three <3‐cm nodules in a single institute
Authors: Hidaka Masaaki , Hara Takanobu , Soyama Akihiko , Adachi Tomohiko , Matsushima Hajime , Tanaka Takayuki , Ishimaru Hideki , Miyaaki Hisamitsu , Nakao Kazuhiko , Eguchi Susumu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and AimTreatment for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is determined based on the results of a liver function test and the tumor location and spread. The present study compared the outcomes among local therapy, hepatic resection (HR), and living‐donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for small HCC in a single institute.MethodsWe compared the overall survival, recurrence‐free survival, and cancer‐specific survival rates in patients with three HCC nodules <3 cm in size among local therapy, which included radiofrequency ablation (RFA), percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), and surgical treatment (HR and LDLT).ResultsOne hundred and ninety‐seven patients with local therapy (109 RFA, 26 PEI, and 78 TACE), 107 with HR, and 66 with LDLT were enrolled in this study. There was no significant difference in OS among these groups. The recurrence‐free, cancer‐specific survival (CSS) of LDLT was superior to local therapy and HR. The prognostic factors for the survival were Child–Pugh (CP) Grade B and tumor marker for local therapy and multiple tumors and elevated ALT levels for HR.ConclusionsFor CP grade B patients with HCC of three <3‐cm nodule, LDLT could be considered because it resulted in better survival and CSS rates than local therapy.
Determining a risk management staffing model
Authors: Moritz Diane L. , Nichols Joyce K. , Stein Karen M. , Glusko Lydia A. , Tan Michele M. , Hileman Melissa M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHealth care organizations have struggled to establish par levels of risk management personnel needed to effectively accomplish risk management functions. This study set out to determine whether a par level staffing model could be established utilizing a nonclinical role to enable the clinical risk manager to focus on key risk management core functions, therefore enhancing risk management department efficacy. Utilizing a model published by Howard and Felton, Trinity Health Insurance and Risk Management Services (IRMS) evaluated risk management staffing according to our core functions and workload and determined recommended risk management staffing levels for our organization. Eighteen Risk Managers from 13 acute care hospitals participated in a 2‐week time study documenting time spent and estimated time needed to complete core risk management functions. By quantifying the time needed to complete risk management core functions and evaluating which activity could best be completed by specific roles, we have established both a recommended baseline staffing level of one risk manager FTE per 6650 monthly average adjusted patient days (APD), as well as a work distribution model of 70% clinical and 30% nonclinical split of risk management FTEs for our hospitals. Organizations can similarly evaluate their staffing according to their core functions and workload.
A model framework to investigate the role of anomalous land surface processes in the amplification of summer drought across Ireland during 2018
Authors: Ishola Kazeem A. , Mills Gerald , Fealy Reamonn M. , Fealy Rowan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDue to its latitude and ample year‐round rainfall, Ireland is typically an energy‐limited regime in the context of soil moisture availability and evapotranspiration. However, during the summer of 2018, regions within the country displayed significant soil moisture deficits, associated with anomalous atmospheric forcing conditions, with consequent impacts on the surface energy balance. Here, we explore the utility of a physically based land surface scheme coupled with observational, global gridded reanalysis and satellite‐derived data products to analyse the spatial and temporal evolution of the 2018 summer drought event in Ireland over grassland, which represents the dominant agricultural land‐cover. While the surface–air energy exchanges were initially dominated by atmospheric anomalies, soil moisture constraints became increasingly important in regulating these exchanges, as the accumulated rainfall deficit increased throughout the summer months. This was particularly evident over the freer draining soils in the east and southeast of the country. From late June 2018, we identify a strong linear coupling between soil moisture and both evapotranspiration and vegetation response, suggesting a shift from an energy‐limited evapotranspiration regime into a dry or soil water‐limited regime. Applying segmented regression models, the study quantifies a critical soil moisture threshold as a key determinant of the transition from wet to dry evaporative regimes. These findings are important to understand the soil moisture context under which land–atmosphere couplings are strongest in water‐limited regimes across the country and should help improve the treatment of soil parameters in weather prediction models, required for subseasonal and seasonal forecasts, consequently enhancing early warning systems of summer climate extremes in the future.
Outcomes of a postoperative day one call to families after adenotonsillectomy in children
Authors: Billings Kathleen R. , Bhushan Bharat , Berkowitz Rachel J. , Stake Christine , Lavin Jennifer 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the outcomes of a postoperative day one (POD 1) phone call to families of ambulatory surgical patients, as a means of guiding clinical interventions and quality initiatives, with a focus on children undergoing adenotonsillectomy (T&A).MethodsRetrospective analysis of outcomes of a POD 1 questionnaire completed in children <18 years of age undergoing T&A at a tertiary care children's hospital over a 3‐year period (August 14, 2018–August 31, 2021).ResultsResponses to the questionnaire were obtained for a total of 1428/3464 (41.2%) children undergoing T&A during the study period. There was no difference in gender, age at surgery, race, ethnicity, insurance product, or preoperative diagnosis for those whose caregiver responded to the questionnaire versus those who did not. Parent responses included 84 (5.9%) who reported problems or concerns postdischarge. These included 18 (1.3%) patients unable to take their pain medication, 9 (0.6%) refusing oral intake, 28 (2.0%) with postoperative emesis, 27 (1.9%) with fevers, and 6 (0.4%) with a change in breathing. A total of 75/122 (61.5%) who reported pain were taking their pain medication as directed. Nineteen (1.3%) patients were noted to have bleeding after surgery, including 4 (21.5%) with nosebleeds, and 12 (63.2%) with oral cavity bleeding requiring no interventions.ConclusionsThe POD 1 questionnaire identified patients with common concerns and complications after T&A. Although most of these concerns were infrequent, it afforded the clinical team the opportunity to provide additional education and instructions on care and management to caregivers after their child's surgical procedure.
Cancer‐specific survival after diagnosis in men versus women: A pan‐cancer analysis
Authors: He Yan , Su Yonglin , Zeng Junsong , Chong Weelic , Hu Xiaolin , Zhang Yu , Peng Xingchen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractComprehensive understanding of cancer‐specific survival differences in gender is critical for cancer prevention and treatment. Based on the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database, we included data from the most prevalent cancers (lung, esophageal, liver, pancreatic, stomach, colorectal, kidney, and bladder cancer). Cox proportional hazards regression models were constructed to estimate hazard ratios, simultaneously adjusting for demographic, clinical, and treatment factors. Overall, male patients had a worse cancer‐specific survival than female patients. After adjustment for cancer prevalence with 1:1 matching, gender remained a significant factor in cancer‐specific survival. Among the included cancer types, female patients showed survival benefit in lung, liver, colorectal, pancreatic, stomach, and esophageal cancer, and male patients showed better survival in bladder cancer. Except for kidney cancer, the gender disparity was consistent between cancer patients with nonmetastatic and metastatic disease. Overall, gender appears to be a significant factor influencing cancer‐specific survival, and the prognosis of female patients is better than male patients in most cancers. This work might inspire the development of strategies for gender‐specific precision cancer prevention and treatment.
Genetics and Epigenetics in Personalized Nutrition: Evidence, Expectations, and Experiences
Authors: Holzapfel Christina , Waldenberger Melanie , Lorkowski Stefan , Daniel Hannelore ,   the Working Group “Personalized Nutrition” of the German Nutrition Society
Published: June 2022

AbstractWith the presentation of the blueprint of the first human genome in 2001 and the advent of technologies for high‐throughput genetic analysis, personalized nutrition (PN) becomes a new scientific field and the first commercial offerings of genotype‐based nutrition advice emerge at the same time. Here, the state of evidence for the effect of genetic and epigenetic factors in the development of obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and resulting illnesses such as non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases is summarized. This study also critically value the concepts of PN that are built around the new genetic avenue from both the academic and a commercial perspective and their effectiveness in causing sustained changes in diet, lifestyle, and for improving health. Despite almost 20 years of research and commercial direct‐to‐consumer offerings, evidence for the success of gene‐based dietary recommendations is still generally lacking. This calls for new concepts of future PN solutions that incorporate more phenotypic measures and provide a panel of instruments (e.g., self‐ and bio‐monitoring tools, feedback systems, algorithms based on artificial intelligence) that increases compliance based on the individual´s physical and social environment and value system.
Design of compact dual‐core terahertz polarization beam splitter with broad bandwidth
Authors: Zheng Yunqiang , Liu Jinqiu , Wang Yufei , Liu Huan , Wang Wei , Xie Xiaoping 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA novel dual‐core structure based on cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed for realizing Terahertz (THz) polarization beam splitting. The dependence of coupling length and structural parameters of the THz polarization beam splitter (TPBS) is analyzed. The confinement loss, effective material loss, and extinction ratio (ER) are examined. The numerical simulation results show, two orthogonal polarization modes are separated completely within a device length of only 45.16 mm owing to the different coupling length in x‐ and y‐polarization directions. The maximum polarization ER of 107.7 dB is obtained at 0.54 THz. The bandwidth with ER greater than 20 dB reaches 0.02 THz. The proposed compact dual‐core TPBS will find extensive applications in THz photonic systems.
A 6–12 GHz wideband low‐noise amplifier GaAs FET design with 0.8‐dB average NF and 25‐dB gain
Authors: Rezaee Sina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLow‐noise amplifiers (LNAs) with low‐noise performance are critical components in communication systems. However, reaching a high level of performance is difficult. This study introduces a LNA for radio frequency front‐end receivers with a frequency range of 6–12 GHz. The planned LNA contains a two‐stage high‐electron‐mobility transistor cascade amplifier with a minimum measured noise figure of 0.8 dB and a peak gain of 25 dB at room temperature. The proposed LNA is based on a gallium arsenide field‐effect transistor transistor (CE3512K2) because of its good low‐noise performance at microwave frequency bands. The measured results demonstrate that the proposed LNA is perfectly matched over the whole operational frequency spectrum of the input/output ports (|S11|<−10 dB, |S22|<−10 dB). Also, output P1dB and input P1dB are, respectively, +4 and −19 dBm for this design. The suggested LNA is suitable for C and X frequency band applications.
Bauchemie: Beton und Additive fürs Klima
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBauwerke und Bauchemikalien helfen auf ihre Art, Kohlendioxidemissionen zu verringern. So geht es etwa bei Brücken um das CO2, das während des Baus frei wird, oder um die Energie, die der Bau erfordert. Und aus der Geschichte lässt sich lernen, langlebig zu bauen.
Hochschule: Besser vorbereitet ins Labor
Authors: Burdinski Dirk 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOft stecken Studierende im Praktikum viel Arbeit in die Protokolle und haben dann kaum noch Zeit, sich auf die nächsten Experimente vorzubereiten. Dabei ist gerade das wichtig für den Lernerfolg. Hochschulen können mit einem Flipped‐Lab‐Modell die Aktivität der Studierenden auf die Vorbereitungsphase lenken, sodass diese im Labor mehr Handlungskompetenzen aufbauen.
3‐D‐Druck: Nanodruck mit Elektronenstrahlen
Authors: Barth Sven , Jungwirth Felix 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNanomaterialien lassen sich direkt auf eine Oberfläche schreiben, indem Elektronen die Zersetzung von Vorstufen induzieren. Damit ist die Morphologie der Nanostrukturen kontrollierbar, und der Untergrund bleibt unbeschädigt. So entstehen etwa Spitzen für die Rasterkraftmikroskopie.
Trendbericht Biochemie 2022: Enzyme in neuem Licht
Authors: Zeymer Cathleen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractÜber spezialisierte Enzyme, Affinitätsselektionsmethoden, um bioaktive Substanzen zu entdecken, hochauflösende Strukturanalyse von Proteinkomplexen und die Kombination von Bio‐ und Photokatalyse.
Chemiedidaktik: Strom aus Bäckerhefe
Authors: Grandrath Rebecca , Bohrmann‐Linde Claudia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMikrobielle Brennstoffzellen funktionieren auch mit Hefe als Biokatalysator. Für Versuche im Unterricht lassen sie sich einfach und aus preisgünstigen Materialien aufbauen und sind ungefährlich. Die Schüler:innen können so deren Funktionsweise selbst erschließen.
The decade under review: Recent trends and challenges in the use of macroscopic age‐at‐death estimation methods in bioarchaeology
Authors: Clark Melissa A. , Cheverko Colleen M. , Simon Allyson , Lagan Emma M. , Hubbe Mark 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAccurate and precise age‐at‐death estimation methods are critical when studying past lifeways. However, adult age‐at‐death estimation is often difficult because of diverse physiologies, preservation, and timing of biological processes in target and reference populations. These challenges can complicate the comparison of results between studies, which can also be impacted by the training and method preference of each bioarchaeologist. In this paper, we first compare the use of two types of age‐at‐death estimation methods, namely, traditional methods (e.g., pubic symphyseal aging) and Transition Analysis. Second, we build upon the work of Falys and Lewis (2011), who reported frequencies of adult age‐at‐death method use between 2000 and 2010, by reporting the frequency of use for traditional methods over the past 40 years with special attention on the last decade. We build further on their work by identifying trends in the minimum age at adulthood, adult age categories, geographic region of institutional affiliation of the first author, and the geographic region of sample origin and interpreting their possible implications on comparability of bioarchaeological literature. Our results show that Transition Analysis, institutional affiliation, and sample origin do not represent major sources of variation in bioarchaeological literature so far. In the case of Transition Analysis, this could result from its limited use thus far, while institutional affiliation and sample origin do not represent major sources of variation because of the relative lack of diversity in both variables. There was, however, substantial variation in the type of traditional method used, the minimum age at adulthood, and adult age categories, which could affect comparability between studies. Our study highlights the need for continued discussion about standardizing bioarchaeological age‐at‐death estimation while respecting the unique needs of diverse target samples.
Evaluation of transport mechanism and nanostructure of nonperfluorinated PVA/sPTA proton exchange membrane for fuel cell application
Authors: Awad Somia , Abdel‐Hady Esam E. , Mohamed Hamdy F. M. , Elsharkawy Yehya S. , Gomaa Mahmoud M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPolyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with sulfophthalic acid (sPTA) as a proton exchange membrane (PEM) for fuel cell applications was prepared by the solvent casting method. The fabricated membranes were obtained by varying the concentration of sPTA from 5 to 30 wt.% of PVA and thermally crosslinked at a temperature of 100°C for 1 h. Crosslinked PVA/sPTA membranes were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The transport properties were investigated by determining ion exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake, methanol permeability, and proton conductivity. Free volume hole size and its distribution of crosslinked PVA membrane were measured by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). With an increase in sPTA concentration in the PVA membrane, both IEC and proton conductivity increased, but water uptake and methanol permeability decreased. At room temperature, IEC values were increased from 0.3 to 1.6 meq/g, and proton conductivity varied from 0.2 to 3.5 S/cm. According to PALS data, increasing the sPTA content causes the free volume content of crosslinked PVA membranes to decrease. The results were analyzed and presented in the context of free volume theory, in which the concentrations of nanostructure free volume defects are related to the membrane's transport capabilities.
Physical, mechanical, and sliding wear behavior of epoxy composites filled with surface modified walnut shell particulate
Authors: Shejkar Satish Kumar , Agrawal Basant , Agrawal Alok , Gupta Gaurav 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe current study aims to examine the influence of surface‐modified micro‐sized walnut shell particulates (WSP) with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on epoxy composites. For that, epoxy/WSP composites are prepared by varying the WSP content up to 20 wt%. In this investigation, the physical properties (surface morphology, density, voids percentage, water uptake), mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, compressive, hardness), and sliding wear behavior of the composites are reported. From the micrographs, it is clear that WSP established good adhesion with the epoxy matrix. Further, it is found that the density, void content, water intake capacity, compressive strength, and hardness increase with WSP loading. Against that, the tensile and flexural strength is somewhat reduced at higher filler loading. Sliding wear tests are performed as per L25Taguchi's orthogonal array. From the analysis, it is observed that WSP content is the most significant factor and sliding distance is the least significant factor for minimizing the wear rate. For analyzing the sliding wear performance under varied conditions, a prediction model is proposed using an artificial neural network to forecast the sliding wear rate of epoxy/WSP composites over a wide range of experimental domains.