bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of OH species in kHz He/H2O atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharges
Authors: Lin Jyun-Yu , Huang Cheng-Liang , Chen Jui-Wen , Lin Kun-Mo , Ou Chia-Chun , Wu Yu-Hsiang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This work investigates experimentally and numerically the chemical kinetics of OH species generated in kHz helium atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharges with different H2O concentrations. The OH densities of cases are determined from measurements of the ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy (UVAS) system with transition parameters evaluated by LIFBASE. The 1D plasma fluid model (PFM) with compiled chemistry covering chemical kinetics of helium, H2O, and interaction reactions of reactive species including the formation of charged cluster ions is employed to capture the discharge dynamics for analyzing mechanisms of OH species properly. The simulated current densities of cases with 0.8% and 2.0% H2O concentrations increase from 29 to 51 A m−2, agreeing with experimental measurements. The simulated OH density increases from 1.7 × 1019 m−3 to 2.4 × 1019 m−3 as the H2O concentration increases from 0.4% to 2.0%, agreeing with OH densities interpreted from the UVAS system for cases with various H2O concentrations. In general, the 1D PFM developed captures the discharge behavior and predicts the OH densities of cases with different H2O concentrations. The simulated results reveal that the electron and H2O+ are essential species for OH production through dissociative reactions (e + H2O → e + OH + H) and (H2O+ + H2O → H+(H2O) + OH) contributing to 61% and 23% of OH production, respectively. It is observed that the OH self-recombination reaction (OH + OH + He → H2O2 + He) contributes to 32% of OH consumption as the dominant reaction. Moreover, the stepwise recombination reactions (OH + H2O2 → H2O + HO2 and OH + HO2 → O2 + H2O) initiated by OH species contribute to the overall 27% of OH consumption as another dominant mechanism. The Penning ionization reactions involving water molecules are the dominant reactions for electron production in the present discharge with H2O up to 0.8%, then the electron-impact ionization becomes the dominant reaction for electron production in cases with higher H2O concentrations. As the essential species contributing to the OH consumption, H species is produced majorly from the dissociation reaction (e + H2O → e + OH + H). As one of the dominant OH production reactions, the dissociative attachment (e + H2O → H− + OH) is the dominant electron consumption reaction, resulting in the reactive H− species as the source of negative cluster ions. The high average reaction rates of dissociative attachment reactions consume most of the electrons after the breakdown, which leads to the variation of discharge current density. The saturation of OH species, which is observed experimentally and numerically, is attributed to the transition of electron chemical kinetics and the recombination reactions of OH species.
Shape memory performance of PETG 4D printed parts under compression in cold, warm, and hot programming
Authors: Soleyman E , Rahmatabadi D , Soltanmohammadi K , Aberoumand M , Ghasemi I , Abrinia K , Baniassadi M , Wang K , Baghani M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The main novelty of this paper is the use of poly-ethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) as a new shape memory polymer with excellent shape memory effect (SME) and printability. In addition, for the first time, the effect of programming temperature on PETG 4D printed samples has been studied. The amorphous nature of the PETG necessitates that molecular entanglements function as net points, which makes the role of programming temperature critical. SME comprehensively was conducted under compression loading for three programming conditions as well as various pre-strains. Significant results were obtained that summarized the gross differences exhibiting that the hot, cold, and warm programmed samples had the highest shape fixity, shape recovery, and stress recovery, respectively. The recovery and fixity ratios fell and rose, respectively, as the programming temperature increased. This effect intensified in hot programmed samples as the applied strain (loading time) expanded. So, the recovery ratio dropped from 68% to 50% by raising the pre-strain from 20% to 80%. The maximum stress recovery was 16 MPa, suggesting the fantastic benefit of warm programming conditions in PETG 4D printed parts. The locking mechanism (recovery force storage) for cold and hot programming is quite different. The dominant mechanism in cold programming is increasing internal energy by potential energy level enhancement. Contrary to this, in hot programming, the entropy reduction applies to the majority of the molecular segments, playing this role. By cooling, the state of the material changes from rubbery to glassy, and with this phase change, the oriented conformation of the deformed polymer chains is maintained under deformation. The results of this research can be used for various applications that require high shape fixity, recovery, or stress recovery.
Practical design of an electromagnet for the compression characterization of magnetorheological elastomers
Authors: Erenchun Aitor , Prieto Borja , Artetxe Gurutz , Gil-Negrete Nere 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this article, the compression characterization of silicon-based magnetorheological elastomers is addressed, emphasizing the difficulties associated to the test set-up in order to obtain accurate results of the behaviour of the material. Measurement errors associated to friction and vibration coupling due to design flaws in the electromagnet are solved by providing guidelines on an adequate electromagnet layout. The designed electromagnet allows conducting compression dynamic tests up to 300 Hz in specimens of dimensions 40 × 40 × 8 mm3, reaching magnetic flux densities in the order of 1000 mT and showing the expected increase in the dynamic stiffness. Additionally, the electromagnet might be used in the manufacturing and curing of anisotropic magnetorheological compression specimens.
Estimation of biquadratic and bicubic Heisenberg effective couplings from multiorbital Hubbard models
Authors: Soni Rahul , Kaushal Nitin , Şen Cengiz , Reboredo Fernando A , Moreo Adriana , Dagotto Elbio 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We studied a multi-orbital Hubbard model at half-filling for two and three orbitals per site on a two-site cluster via full exact diagonalization, in a wide range for the onsite repulsion U, from weak to strong coupling, and multiple ratios of the Hund coupling J
H to U. The hopping matrix elements among the orbitals were also varied extensively. At intermediate and large U, we mapped the results into a Heisenberg model. For two orbitals per site, the mapping is into a S = 1 Heisenberg model where by symmetry both nearest-neighbor (S

i
⋅ S

j
) and

(

S

i

⋅

S

j

)

2

are allowed, with respective couplings J
1 and J
2. For the case of three orbitals per site, the mapping is into a S = 3/2 Heisenberg model with (S

i
⋅ S

j
),

(

S

i

⋅

S

j

)

2

, and

(

S

i

⋅

S

j

)

3

terms, and respective couplings J
1, J
2, and J
3. The strength of these coupling constants in the Heisenberg models depend on the U, J
H, and hopping amplitudes of the underlying Hubbard model. Our study provides a first crude estimate to establish bounds on how large the ratios J
2/J
1 and J
3/J
1 can be. We show that those ratios appear rather limited and, as a qualitative guidance, we conclude that J
2/J
1 is less than 0.4 and J
3/J
1 is less than 0.2, establishing bounds on effective models for strongly correlated Hubbard systems. Moreover, the intermediate Hubbard U regime was found to be the most promising to enhance J
2/J
1 and J
3/J
1.
Casimir effect in kinetic theory
Authors: Guo Xingyu , Zhao Jiaxing , Zhuang Pengfei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We study Casimir effect in equilibrium and non-equilibrium photon gas in the frame of quantum kinetic theory for U(1) gauge field. We derive first the transport, constraint and gauge fixing equations for the photon number distribution from Maxwell’s equations, and then calculate the energy variation and Casimir force for a finite system by considering boundary condition on the surface of the system. The Casimir force in vacuum is suppressed by the thermal motion of photons in equilibrium state, when considering two adiabatic plates. In non-equilibrium state, the photon induced Casimir force oscillates and decays with time and finally disappears.
An estimator for the lensing potential from galaxy number counts
Authors: Nistane Viraj , Jalilvand Mona , Carron Julien , Durrer Ruth , Kunz Martin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We derive an estimator for the lensing potential from galaxy number counts which contains a linear and a quadratic term. We show that this estimator has a much larger signal-to-noise ratio than the corresponding estimator from intensity mapping. We show that this is due to the additional lensing term in the number count angular power spectrum which is present already at linear order. We estimate the signal-to-noise ratio for future photometric surveys. We find that particularly at high redshifts, z ≳ 1.5, the signal to noise ratio can become of order 30. We therefore claim that number counts in photometric surveys are an excellent means to measure tomographic lensing spectra.
Complementarity of experiments in probing the non-relativistic effective theory of dark matter-nucleon interactions
Authors: Brenner Anja , Herrera Gonzalo , Ibarra Alejandro , Kang Sunghyun , Scopel Stefano , Tomar Gaurav 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The non-relativistic effective theory of dark matter-nucleon interactions depends on 28 coupling strengths for dark matter spin up to 1/2. Due to the vast parameter space of the effective theory, most experiments searching for dark matter interpret the results assuming that only one of the coupling strengths is non-zero. On the other hand, dark matter models generically lead in the non-relativistic limit to several interactions which interfere with one another, therefore the published limits cannot be straightforwardly applied to model predictions. We present a method to determine a rigorous upper limit on the dark matter-nucleon interaction strength including all possible interferences among operators. We illustrate the method to derive model independent upper limits on the interaction strengths from the null search results from XENON1T, PICO-60 and IceCube. For some interactions, the limits on the coupling strengths are relaxed by more than one order of magnitude. We also present a method that allows to combine the results from different experiments, thus exploiting the synergy between different targets in exploring the parameter space of dark matter-nucleon interactions.
Impacts of gravitational-wave standard siren observations from Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer on weighing neutrinos in interacting dark energy models
Authors: Jin Shang-Jie , Zhu Rui-Qi , Wang Ling-Feng , Li Hai-Li , Zhang Jing-Fei , Zhang Xin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Multi-messenger gravitational wave (GW) observation for binary neutron star merger events could provide a rather useful tool to explore the evolution of the Universe. In particular, for the third-generation GW detectors, i.e. the Einstein Telescope (ET) and the Cosmic Explorer (CE), proposed to be built in Europe and the U.S., respectively, lots of GW standard sirens with known redshifts could be obtained, which would exert great impacts on the cosmological parameter estimation. The total neutrino mass could be measured by cosmological observations, but such a measurement is model-dependent and currently only gives an upper limit. In this work, we wish to investigate whether the GW standard sirens observed by ET and CE could help improve the constraint on the neutrino mass, in particular in the interacting dark energy (IDE) models. We find that the GW standard siren observations from ET and CE can only slightly improve the constraint on the neutrino mass in the IDE models, compared to the current limit. The improvements in the IDE models are weaker than those in the standard cosmological model. Although the limit on neutrino mass can only be slightly updated, the constraints on other cosmological parameters can be significantly improved by using the GW observations.
Effect of arbitrary matter-geometry coupling on thermodynamics in f(R) theories of gravity
Authors: Wang Jun , Qiang Ling-Xuan , Zhang Tian-Qiang , Wang Zhi-Song , Li Lu-Yu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the thermodynamics of the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker universe have been explored in f(R) theories of gravity with arbitrary matter-geometry coupling. The equivalence between the modified Friedmann equations with any spatial curvature and the first law of thermodynamics is confirmed, where the assumption of the entropy plays a crucial role. Then laws of thermodynamics in our considering case are obtained. They can reduce to the ones given in Einstein’s general theory of relativity under certain conditions. Moreover, a particular model is investigated through the obtained generalized second law of thermodynamics with observational results of cosmographic parameters.
Modeling of thermal-ion-driven internal kink in DIII-D high-T
i plasmas
Authors: Liu Yueqiang , Xie Weichao , Du Xiaodi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Toroidal modeling utilizing the non-perturbative magnetohydrodynamic-kinetic hybrid code MARS-K (Liu Y.Q. et al 2008 Phys. Plasmas
15 112503), to a DIII-D high-performance discharge with the core thermal ion temperature of T
i ∼ 13 keV, finds multiple branches of unstable internal kink (IK) modes triggered by the bounce resonance of trapped thermal ions. The range of the computed mode frequency aligns well with the bounce frequency of trapped thermal ions, confirming the nature of resonance drive for the instability. The computed mode frequency is close to that observed in experiments. Plasma toroidal flow, in particular the fast flow (

>

10% of Alfvén speed) as in the considered DIII-D discharge, strongly stabilizes the fluid IK branch but not all of the thermal-ion-driven internal kink (TIK) branches, leaving one dominant unstable TIK branch under the experimental conditions. Plasma resistivity also significantly affects stability of the TIKs (but not much on the IK which is ideally strongly unstable) in combination with the drift kinetic drive by thermal ions. High resistivity can drive additional unstable TIK branches. Scanning the on-axis safety factor over a large range confirms robustness of the TIK triggering by thermal ions. The computed TIKs contain both the IK and the tearing components as the dominant contributions to the eigenmode structure. These findings, together with the experimental results reported in reference (Du X.D. et al 2021 Phys. Rev. Lett.
127 025001), strongly suggest the possibility of thermal-ion driven instabilities in ITER.
Water pump control system in hydroponic plants using the ebb and flow method
Authors: Setiawan David , Hamzah  , Siswati Latifa , Ariyanto Anto , Guntoro  
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Along with the restrictions during the covid-19 pandemic, many new farmers are growing vegetables for their own needs or for sale and there are also many new farmers who are planting ornamental flowers which are currently booming, these new farmers are mothers or people who have free time at home. In growing vegetables using the hydroponic method, it does not require a large area of land and yields faster harvests by paying attention to the accuracy in providing nutrients, the intensity of light and temperature around the plant and the flow of water that is maintained to circulate oxygen and nutrients to the plant roots. In previous research, Hydroponic Plants powered by Solar Panels have been designed and tested but in the middle of the night the motor stops flowing water to the plants due to insufficient battery voltage, so it is necessary to find a solution so that the existing equipment can be optimized again, so this research aims to get a solution so that the existing system can be optimized by using the control system carried out by Arduino so that the pump can continue to flow water (oxygen and nutrients) for 24 hours continuously.
Assessing and preparedness for earthquake disaster in Salaf-Khalaf Islamic Boarding School
Authors: Rosyida Fatiya , Wahyuningtyas Neni , Tanjung Ardyanto , Kodir Abdul 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Trenggalek is an earthquake-vulnerable area because it is located in the subduction zone of the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates. Therefore, it is necessary to have the preparedness of the people who live there in order to reduce disaster risk. The Islamic boarding school that was there was also affected by the disaster. Santri have a high risk of experiencing a disaster because they live in the Islamic boarding school. There have been many studies related to the preparedness of the community and school students, but not many studies related to santri’s preparedness. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to analyze the level of santri’s preparedness against the earthquake disaster in Trenggalek. The research method is a quantitative description using questionnaires and interviews. The sample amounted to 30 and was obtained by stratified random sampling. Data analysis uses the earthquake preparedness index. The results showed that 10% were classified as extremely prepared, 35% were classified as prepared, 43% were classified as unprepared, and 17% were classified as extremely unprepared. This happens because of the lack of knowledge of students about the vulnerability of disasters that exist around the Islamic boarding school and the disaster mitigation efforts.
The innovation of ecological fiscal transfers policy at Siak Regency
Authors: Kabullah Muhammad Ichsan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
For several decades, the problem of forest fires has been recurring almost every year in Siak regency, Riau Province. This phenomenon affected a huge portion of damage for public. However, the previous policy has been failed to solve the forest fires problem. However, some local government has attempting to address the problem of forest fires with policy innovation. This article focuses on innovation by the Siak local government through ecological transfer policy. Although the idea of ecological transfer policy is not new, there are few Indonesian local governments has initiate in the policy. Siak is one step ahead to initiate the ecological transfer policy during Siak Hijau vision. This article analyses the success story of Siak in formulating the ecological transfer policy in local budget. Through a qualitative research method, we found that the ecological transfer policy can occur due to combination of local elite support and advocacy of civil society organizations. Both actors played an active role in the ecological transfer policy. However, the women tended to be alienated in the formulation of the ecological transfer policy due to cultural and political barriers. In that sense, it is important to create inclusiveness for policy formulation‥
Etnobotany of medicine plants in the community of Rawang Kao Village, Siak, Indonesia
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Afidah Mar’atul 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study aims to determine the plant species used as medicine by the community of Rawang Kao Village, Siak, Indonesia. This research was conducted in Rawang Kao Village, Lubuk Dalam District, Siak Regency, Riau Province in April-May 2021. This study used qualitative descriptive techniques. Samples were taken by snowball sampling technique. Samples in this study were 12 people of Rawang Kao Village who knows about the use of plant as medicine. Data collection techniques used were interview and direct observation to indentify the plant species. Overall, the research results revealed that there are 32 species of plants used as medicine by the people of Rawang Kao Village belong to 21 families. The most widely used plant species as medicine are from Zingiberaceae, as many as 6 species (19 %) and the most widely used plant parts as medicinal ingredients are leaves (56 %). 66 % of plants used as medicine by the people of Rawang Kao Village are planted in the yard of the house. In general, these plants are used as medicine for diabetes, cough, hypertension, and fever.
The effects of nano encapsulated Syzygium Polyanthum leaves extract inclusion in drinking water
Authors: ‘Afifah A N , Zuprizal  , Dono N D 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A study with six treatments in a Completely Randomized Design was conducted to evaluate the effects of nano encapsulated Syzygium polyanthum leaves extract (SpLE) inclusion in drinking water on small intestinal digesta pH and macromorphology in broiler chickens. The treatments were: drinking water without any addition (negative control), drinking water with 50 ppm antibiotic Tetracycline addition (positive control), or drinking water with1% SpLE, 3% SpLE, 1% nano-capsulated SpLE (N-SpLE), and 3% N-SpLE additions. Each experimental treatment was repeated four times with eight birds per replicate pen. The basal diet and drinking water were provided from days 8 to days 35. One-way ANOVA was used to calculate the effect of the treatments. The difference data in present study were separated with Duncan’s new Multiple Range Test. Result showed no treatment effect was detected on macromorphology of all segments on the small intestine. However, drinking water inclusion with 3% SpLE reduced digesta pH (P<0.05) in the duodenum and jejunum. Inclusion of 3% N-SpLE reduced digesta pH only in the ileum (P<0.05). Reductions of digesta pH in some segments of the small intestinal might shows beneficial effect of drinking water inclusion with Syzygium polyanthum leaves extract on the intestinal health improvement in broiler chickens.
The Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cherry Leaf Extract (Muntingia Calabura L.) Balm Stick
Authors: Nugrahaeni Fitria , Efendi Kriana , Aziz Abdul Kholik 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In previous studies, cherry leaf extract has been shown to be anti-inflammatory. This means a preparation is needed to deliver the extract. Balm stick is an innovation in a stem-shaped balm that makes it easier to be used so that cherry leaf extract is made into a balm stick preparation. This study aims to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of the balsam stick of cherry leaf extract topically. The study was conducted by varying the concentration of cherry leaf extract at 2.5%, 5%, and 10% and tested its anti-inflammatory activity in male white rats induced by carrageenan. The experimental animals were divided into 5 test groups, whereby the positive control group was given 2.5% hydrocortisone balm stick, the negative control group was given the balm stick preparation and the 3 test groups were given 2.5%, 5%, and 10%. The observations were made using a plethysmometer by looking at the volume of edema in the carrageenan-induced rat paws. Balm sticks with a concentration of 5% and 10% had an inhibitory power of more than 50% with a value of 70.27% and 95.83% while a concentration of 2.5% had an inhibitory power of 44.44%. Balm stick ethanol extract of cherry leaves has anti-inflammatory activity with concentrations of 5% and 10% and demonstrates an increase in anti-inflammatory activity, whereby the greater the concentration, the greater the anti-inflammatory activity produced.