bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using a mixture design method to optimize the behavior of high-performance sand concrete
Authors: Ben Salah Hadji , Dalila Benamara , Bachir Taallah 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to express a mathematical model that predicts the effect of mineral additives on the physical–mechanical properties of high-performance sand concrete (HPSC), using SAS's JMP7 statistical analysis software.

Design/methodology/approach
A mixture design modeling approach is applied to sand concrete (SC) for optimizing mixtures without being obliged to do a lot of experiments, where the cement is partially replaced with two mineral additives silica fume (SF) and blast furnace slag (BFS) in proportions as high as 20% of the mass. A total of 15 mixtures of sand concrete is prepared in the laboratory using this analytical technique in combinations with binary and ternary systems to estimate the workability and the compressive strength (CS) of sand concrete at 7 and 28 days.

Findings
The results obtained showed that the use of derived models based on the experimental design approach greatly assisted in understanding the interactions between the various parameters of the studied mixtures; the mathematical models present excellent correlation coefficients (R² = 0.96 for CS7 days, R² = 0.93 for CS28 days and R² = 0.95 for slump) for all studied responses. Moreover, it was also found that the inclusion of additives (SF and BFS) in binary mixture SC12 and ternary mixtures SC8 leads to a significant improvement in mechanical strength compared to reference sand concrete SC15. These results give the possibility to obtain a formulation of HPSC.

Originality/value
This paper shows the possibility of manufacturing high-performance sand-concrete with good compressive strength; the developed mathematical model by using SAS's JMP7 statistical analysis software allowed us to reach a strength compression value of about 60 MPa, in 28 days, by replacing 10% of the cement weight with silica fume. Furthermore, with partial replacement of the cement weight (15%) with two additions such as silica fume (10%) and blast furnace slag (5%), a 58 MPa of compressive strength can be achieved, without overlooking the fact that this can be a key economic and environmental alternative.
Revisiting the trail pheromone components of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren
Authors: Xu Tian , Zhang Nuo , Xu Meng , Glauser Gaetan , Turlings Ted C. J. , Chen Li 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnts use species‐specific trail pheromones to coordinate their sophisticated foraging behavior. During the past decades, many trail pheromone components with various structures have been identified in ants, including the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, a notorious invasive species worldwide. Four compounds, Z,E‐ (ZEF) and E,E‐α‐farnesene (EEF), Z,E‐ (ZEHF) and E,E‐α‐homofarnesene (EEHF), have been reported as components of S. invicta trail pheromone. However, another study reported an analog of α‐farnesene, Z,Z,Z‐allofarnesene, as a key trail pheromone component. These contrasting results caused some uncertainty about the trail pheromone composition in S. invicta. In this study, we synthesized ZEF and EEF, ZEHF and EEHF, and reanalyzed the chemicals in the Dufour gland extract and in the trail pheromone fraction of S. invicta worker body extract. The reported isomers of farnesene and homofarnesene were detected and showed trail‐following activity, with ZEF as the major compound, while no allofarnesene was found, neither in the Dufour gland extract nor in the whole‐body extract. Our results confirm ZEF and EEF, ZEHF and EEHF as trail pheromone components of S. invicta.
Comparative study shows that 1 in 7 Spanish children with COVID‐19 symptoms were still experiencing issues after 12 weeks
Authors: Bergia María , Sanchez‐Marcos Elena , Gonzalez‐Haba Blanca , Hernaiz Ana I. , de Ceano‐Vivas María , García López‐Hortelano Milagros , García‐García Mª Luz , Jimenez‐García Raquel , Calvo Cristina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimWe investigated prolonged symptoms in children after COVID‐19, including the clinical characteristics and risk factors.MethodsThis multicentre retrospective study focused on 451 children under 18 years old who were diagnosed with symptomatic COVID‐19 between 14 March and 31 December 2020. Persistent symptoms were analysed with a telephone questionnaire by the attending physicians from 1 August to 30 September 2021. A control group of 98 with no history of COVID‐19, who were treated for other reasons, was also included.ResultsMost (82.0%) of the cases had mild infections that required outpatient care and 5.1% were admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). We found that 18.4% had symptoms that lasted 4–12 weeks. There were also 14.6% who were symptomatic for longer than 12 weeks and the odds risks were higher for children aged 5 years or more (OR 3.0), hospitalised (OR 3.9), admitted to the PICU (OR 4.3) and with relatives who were symptomatic for 12 weeks or more (OR 2.8). The controls had similar percentages of prolonged symptoms, despite having no history of COVID‐19, especially those who were older than 5 years.ConclusionThis study confirmed that a worrying percentage of children had prolonged symptoms after COVID‐19.
Comparison of surgical outcomes of emergent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis between attending surgeons and senior residents: A propensity‐matched analysis
Authors: Ohya Hayato , Maeda Atsuyuki , Takayama Yuichi , Takahashi Takamasa , Aoyama Hiroki , Hosoi Takahiro , Seita Kazuaki , Kaneoka Yuji 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionEmergent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is routinely performed for acute cholecystitis (AC) at our institution. This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility and safety of emergent LC for AC performed by senior residents.Materials and MethodsData from 362 patients with AC who underwent emergent LC between January 2012 and June 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Of these patients, 328 were operated on by senior residents (SR), and 34 were operated on by the attending surgeon (AS). Clinical characteristics and surgical and postoperative outcomes were compared between the SR and AS groups. Propensity score matching was used to minimize selection bias. When the operator was an SR, the LC was assisted by the AS.ResultsBefore matching, in the SR group, more patients had a history of abdominal surgery, and C‐reactive protein and white blood cell counts were significantly higher. In the image findings, the minor axis of the gallbladder (GB) was longer, and the wall of the GB was thicker in the SR group. After propensity score matching, 28 pairs were identified. There were no significant differences in operative time (83 vs 88 minutes, P = .92), the amount of blood loss (25 vs 10 mL, P = .13), conversion to open surgery (3.6% vs 3.6%, P = 1), postoperative complications (7.2% vs 0%, P = .74), and postoperative hospital stay (4 vs 4 days, P = .87).ConclusionEmergent LC for AC performed by SR under supervision appears to be feasible and safe.
A convex problem optimization solution for information management in edge computing platforms
Authors: Saad Aldosary , Almakhadmeh Zafer 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntelligent computing and social optimization techniques have been used to manage mobile edge (ME) environments for pervasive services. However, the service demand is the prime cause for requiring flawless information management. This article proposes a coherent information management (CIM) process for resolving the convex optimization problems by considering the flaws in raw information management. The information management problem for pervasiveness is defined as a nonlinear problem for user‐to‐information availability. According to the CIM, pervasive convergence is identified for the available information. Furthermore, convolutional neural learning identifies unavailable or utilized information between the service provider and the end‐user layers. This identification improves the training rate for convergence improvement and information coherency. Therefore, the nonlinear pervasiveness is distributed between different service providers, improving efficiency. Therefore, the proposed optimization method achieves a 7.4% high admittance ratio, 8.28% high utilization, 25.25% less allocation time, and 24.4% less waiting time for different availability ratios for different information availability ratios.
On brittle fracture of two‐dimensional lattices with material anisotropies
Authors: Mirsayar Mirmilad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor the first time, this paper proposes a multiscale computational approach to investigate mixed‐mode I/II fracture in two‐dimensional lattices containing material anisotropies which find their applications in additive manufacturing of cellular structures. The layer‐by‐layer fabrication of lattices produced by the additive manufacturing techniques causes material anisotropies corresponding to the build orientation. Such material anisotropies, together with the cell topology, affect the fracture behavior of lattice components under various mechanical loading. The effective macroscopic elastic properties of periodic lattices obtained via numerical homogenization are fed into a continuum‐based fracture criterion to obtain crack path and onset of fracture under mixed‐mode I/II conditions. Different cell topologies are considered, and the predictions are compared with the results obtained directly by the finite element analysis. The results of this work can pave the way toward further understanding, and eventually, optimizing fracture toughness of additively manufactured lattices against various loading profiles.
Experience of a hierarchical relationship between a pair of mice specifically influences their affective empathy toward each other
Authors: Park Jungjoon , Ha Seungshin , Shin Hee‐Sup , Jeong Jaeseung 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrior experience of social hierarchy is known to modulate emotional contagion, a basic form of affective empathy. However, it is not known whether this behavioral effect occurs through changes in an individual's traits due to their experience of social hierarchy or specific social interrelationships between the individuals. Groups of four mice with an established in‐group hierarchy were used to address this in conjunction with a tube test. The rank‐1 and rank‐4 mice were designated as the dominant or subordinate groups, respectively. The two individuals in between were designated as the intermediate groups, which were then used as the observers in observational fear learning (OFL) experiments, an assay for emotional contagion. The intermediate observers showed greater OFL responses to the dominant demonstrator than the subordinate demonstrators recruited from the same home‐cage. When the demonstrators were strangers from different cages, the intermediate observers did not distinguish between dominant and subordinate, displaying the same level of OFL. In a reverse setting in which the intermediate group was used as the demonstrator, the subordinate observers showed higher OFL responses than the dominant observers, and this occurred only when the demonstrators were cagemates of the observers. Furthermore, the bigger the rank difference between a pair, the higher the OFL level that the observer displayed. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the hierarchical interrelationship established between a given pair of animals is critical for expressing emotional contagion between them rather than any potential changes in intrinsic traits due to the experience of dominant/subordinate hierarchy.Practitioner points
Subordinate observer or dominant demonstrator resulted in higher affective empathic response in familiar pairs but not unfamiliar pairs.
The relative social rank of the observer with respect to the demonstrator had a negative linear correlation with the affective empathic response of the observer in familiar pairs but not unfamiliar pairs.
The effect of social rank on affective empathy is attributed to the prior social hierarchical interrelationship between them and is not due to intrinsic attributes of an individual based on one's dominance rank.
A roadmap to integrating resilience into the practice of coral reef restoration
Authors: Shaver Elizabeth C. , McLeod Elizabeth , Hein Margaux Y. , Palumbi Stephen R. , Quigley Kate , Vardi Tali , Mumby Peter J. , Smith David , Montoya‐Maya Phanor , Muller Erinn M. , Banaszak Anastazia T. , McLeod Ian M. , Wachenfeld David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecent warm temperatures driven by climate change have caused mass coral bleaching and mortality across the world, prompting managers, policymakers, and conservation practitioners to embrace restoration as a strategy to sustain coral reefs. Despite a proliferation of new coral reef restoration efforts globally and increasing scientific recognition and research on interventions aimed at supporting reef resilience to climate impacts, few restoration programs are currently incorporating climate change and resilience in project design. As climate change will continue to degrade coral reefs for decades to come, guidance is needed to support managers and restoration practitioners to conduct restoration that promotes resilience through enhanced coral reef recovery, resistance, and adaptation. Here, we address this critical implementation gap by providing recommendations that integrate resilience principles into restoration design and practice, including for project planning and design, coral selection, site selection, and broader ecosystem context. We also discuss future opportunities to improve restoration methods to support enhanced outcomes for coral reefs in response to climate change. As coral reefs are one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to climate change, interventions that enhance reef resilience will help to ensure restoration efforts have a greater chance of success in a warming world. They are also more likely to provide essential contributions to global targets to protect natural biodiversity and the human communities that rely on reefs.
A gay reflection on microaggressions, symbolic normativities, and pink hair
Authors: Soini Aleksi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis autoethnographic essay addresses microaggressions and normativity of gendered performances in relation to gay employees' and their sense of organizational belonging. In my puzzled account, through retrospective fragments, I explore my daily experiences in an organizational context as a homosexual person: the story includes reacting to intentional and unintentional microaggressions, navigating my sense of belonging, and finding my way through symbolic boundaries of gendered normativities. In particular, this paper sheds light on microaggressions as symbolic expressions of iterative gendered norms, which repeatedly lead to some employee experiences being cast as ‘normal’ and some as ‘the other’. Methodologically, this paper furthers scholarly discussion on the use of autoethnography in understanding the daily struggles of lesbian, gay, bi, trans, and queer employees, whereas theoretically it elucidates the harmful effects of both microaggressions and iterative gendered norms on one's sense of belonging and the performance of the self, as well as discusses the difficulty of reacting to discursive violence.
Simulating Groundwater Interaction with a Surface Water Network Using Connected Linear Networks
Authors: Muffels Christopher , Panday Sorab , Andrews Charles , Tonkin Matthew , Spiliotopoulos Alexandros 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSimulating the interaction of groundwater with surface water networks using traditional boundary packages available with MODFLOW‐USG can be challenging for complex systems. Often several package types are required as they are typically purpose built. Moreover, these packages generally do not interact with one another which complicates accounting of groundwater discharge at different points within the system. Here, we demonstrate that the connected linear network (CLN) package of MODFLOW‐USG, and advances therein in USG‐Transport, can be used to simulate groundwater interaction with a complex surface water network comprised of creeks, ponds, wetlands, and springs, in a manner that is comparable with these other packages, but with additional benefits, including explicit routing of water between the features.
Effect of malting and roasting of chickpea on functional and nutritional qualities of its protein fractions
Authors: Kaur Ravneet , Prasad Kamlesh 
Published: April 2022

SummaryChickpea is gaining importance as a sustainable plant‐based protein source due to its high protein content and protein bioavailability. Malting and roasting, the traditional processing techniques, can be used to improve the protein quality of chickpea. The effect of two processing techniques on the water‐soluble albumin fraction, salt‐soluble globulin fraction, alcohol‐soluble prolamin fraction, and alkali‐soluble glutelin fraction was studied. Globulin content decreased from 45.85% to 37.08%, whereas the albumin fraction was found to increase from 4.16% to 7.08%, after 6 days of germination. It was observed that malting and roasting resulted in significant changes in the protein quality parameters and decrease in anti‐nutritional factors. Tannin content reduced by 53.18% and 40.44%, and the trypsin inhibitor activity reduced by 14.91% and 34.59% after malting and roasting, respectively. The protein efficiency ratio, biological value, and nutritional index improved due to malting and roasting. The biological value of raw chickpea protein was found to be 74.97%, and it increased to 81.89% and 79.27% on malting and roasting, respectively, and protein digestibility values were also increased. Microstructural and diffraction patterns of chickpea flours were examined. Amino acid scores for infants and adults were calculated, and sulphur‐containing amino acids were found to be the limiting amino acids in chickpea.
Insight into the physicochemical, structural, and in vitro hypoglycemic properties of bamboo shoot dietary fibre: comparison of physical modification methods
Authors: Tang Caidie , Yang Jinlai , Zhang Fusheng , Kan Jianquan , Wu Liangru , Zheng Jiong 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe effects of high‐temperature cooking (HTC), high‐pressure homogenisation (HPH), ultrasonic treatment (UT), and their combination (i.e., UT–HTC, HPH–HTC, and UT–HPH) on the physicochemical, structural, and in vitro hypoglycemic properties of bamboo shoot dietary fibres (BSDF) were investigated and compared. The soluble dietary fibre, arabinose, and glucose contents increased in all modified samples. The BSDF obtained by UT had a loose structure with a honeycomb appearance on the surface. UT–HTC resulted in the highest water‐holding capacity (8.38 g g−1) and α‐amylase activity inhibition ratio (56.14%). The BSDF modified by HPH–HTC had the lowest relative crystallinity (27.96%). Compared with those of control check (CK), the oil‐holding and swelling capacities of samples treated by UT–HPH increased by 55.35% and 91.47%, respectively. The glucose adsorption capacity of samples followed the order: UT–HTC > UT–HPH > HPH–HTC > HPH > UT ≈ HTC. Furthermore, the maximum glucose dialysis retardation index values of BSDF treated by UT–HPH, HPH, and HPH–HTC increased by 44.51%, 30.61%, and 27.20%, respectively, in comparison with CK. This study indicated that UT–HTC, HPH–HTC, and UT–HPH are innovative and promising modification methods to obtain BSDF with excellent physicochemical and functional properties.
The effect of preoperative smoking and smoke cessation on wound healing and infection in post‐surgery subjects: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Dazhen , Zhu Long , Yang Changhai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate the preoperative smoking and smoke cessation on wound healing and infection in post‐surgery subjects. A systematic literature search up to January 2022 incorporated 11 trials involving 218 567 subjects after post‐surgery at the beginning of the study; 176 670 were smoke cessation or non‐smokers, and 41 897 were smokers. Statistical tools like the dichotomous method were used within a random or fixed‐influence model to establish the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the influence of preoperative smoking and smoke cessation on wound healing and infection in post‐surgery subjects. Smoke cessation or non‐smokers had significantly lower postoperative wound healing problems (OR, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.43‐0.82, P < .001), and surgical site wound infection (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.63‐0.87, P < .001) compared with smokers in post‐surgery subjects. Smoke cessation or non‐smokers had significantly lower postoperative wound healing problems, and surgical site wound infection compared with smokers in post‐surgery subjects. Furthermore, evidence is needed to confirm the outcomes.
‘Smiles and laughter and all those really great things’: Nurses' perceptions of good experiences of care for inpatient children and young people with intellectual disability
Authors: Mimmo Laurel , Hodgins Michael , Samir Nora , Travaglia Joanne , Woolfenden Susan , Harrison Reema 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo understand what constitutes a good experience of care for inpatient children and young people with intellectual disability as perceived by nursing staff.DesignInterpretive qualitative study.MethodsFocus groups with clinical nursing staff from speciality neurological/neurosurgical and adolescent medicine wards across two specialist tertiary children's hospitals in Australia were conducted between March and May 2021. Data analysis followed interpretative analysis methods to develop themes and codes which were mapped to a conceptual model of safe care.ResultsSix focus groups with 29 nurses of varying experience levels were conducted over 3 months. Themes and codes were mapped to the six themes of the conceptual model: use rapport, know the child, negotiate roles, shared learning, build trust and relationships, and past experiences. The analysis revealed two new themes that extended the conceptual model to include; the unique role of a paediatric nurse, and joy and job satisfaction, with a third contextual theme, impacts of COVID‐19 pandemic restrictions. With the perspectives of paediatric nurses incorporated into the model we have enhanced our model of safe care specifically for inpatient paediatric nursing care of children and young people with intellectual disability.ConclusionIncluding perceptions of paediatric nurses confirmed the position of the child with intellectual disability being at the centre of safe care, where care is delivered as a partnership between nursing staff, child or young person and their parents/family and the hospital systems and processes.ImpactThe enhanced model offers a specialized framework for clinical staff and health managers to optimize the delivery of safe care for children and young people with intellectual disability in hospital.