bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asynchronous Space‐Time‐Coding Digital Metasurface
Authors: Wang Si Ran , Chen Ming Zheng , Ke Jun Chen , Cheng Qiang , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecent progress in space‐time‐coding digital metasurface (STCM) manifests itself a powerful tool to engineer the properties of electromagnetic (EM) waves in both space and time domains, and greatly expands its capabilities from the physical manipulation to information processing. However, the current studies on STCM are focused under the synchrony frame, namely, all meta‐atoms follow the same variation frequency. Here, an asynchronous STCM is proposed, where the meta‐atoms are modulated by different time‐coding periods. In the proposed asynchronous STCM, the phase discontinuities on traditional metasurface are replaced with the frequency discontinuities. It is shown that dynamic wavefronts can be automatically realized for both fundamental and high‐order harmonics by elaborately arranging the spatial distribution of meta‐atoms with various time‐coding periods. The physics insight is due to the accumulated rapidly changing phase difference with time, which offers an additional degree of freedom during the wave‐matter interactions. As a proof‐of‐principle example, an asynchronous STCM for automatic spatial scanning and dynamic scattering control is investigated. From the theory, numerical simulations, and experiments, it can be found that the proposed STCM exhibits significant potentials for applications in radars and wireless communications.
Tumor‐Targeted Injectable Double‐Network Hydrogel for Prevention of Breast Cancer Recurrence and Wound Infection via Synergistic Photothermal and Brachytherapy
Authors: Wu Yuanhao , Yao Yuan , Zhang Jiamin , Gui Han , Liu Jinjian , Liu Jianfeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe high locoregional recurrence rate and potential wound infection in breast cancer after surgery pose enormous risks to patient survival. In this study, a polyethylene glycol acrylate (PEGDA)‐alginate double‐network nanocomposite hydrogel (GPA) embedded with 125I‐labeled RGDY peptide‐modified gold nanorods (125I‐GNR‐RGDY) is fabricated. The double‐network hydrogel is formed by injection of GPA precursor solutions into the cavity of resected cancerous breasts of mice where gelation occurred rapidly. The enhanced temperature‐induced PEGDA polymerization driven by near‐infrared light irradiation, and then, the second polymer network is crosslinked between alginate and endogenous Ca2+ around the tumor. The double‐network hydrogel possesses a dense polymer network and tightly fixes 125I‐GNR‐RGDY, which exhibit superior persistent photothermal and radioactive effects. Hyperthermia induced by photothermal therapy can inhibit self‐repair of damaged DNA and promote blood circulation to improve the hypoxic microenvironment, which can synergistically enhance the therapeutic efficacy of brachytherapy and simultaneously eliminate pathogenic bacteria. Notably, this nanocomposite hydrogel facilitates antibacterial activity to prevent potential wound infection and is tracked by single‐photon emission computerized tomography imaging owing to isotope labeling of loaded 125I‐GNR‐RGDY. The combination of photothermal therapy and brachytherapy has enabled the possibility of proposing a novel postoperative adjuvant strategy for preventing tumor recurrence and wound infection.
Percolated Sulfide in Salt‐Concentrated Polymer Matrices Extricating High‐Voltage All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐metal Batteries
Authors: Jiang Feng , Wang Yantao , Ju Jiangwei , Zhou Qian , Cui Longfei , Wang Jinzhi , Zhu Guoxi , Miao Huancheng , Zhou Xinhong , Cui Guanglei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries (ASLMBs) are considered to be remarkably promising energy storage devices owing to their high safety and energy density. However, the limitations of current solid electrolytes in oxidation stability and ion transport properties have emerged as fundamental barriers in practical applications. Herein, a novel solid electrolyte is presented by in situ polymerization of salt‐concentrated poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) implanted with a three‐dimensional porous L10GeP2S12 skeleton to mitigate these issues. The poly(PEGDE) endows more oxygen atoms to coordinate with Li+, significantly lowering its highest occupied molecular orbital level. As a consequence, the electro‐oxidation resistance of poly(PEGDE) exceeds 4.7 V versus Li+/Li. Simultaneously, the three‐dimensonal porous L10GeP2S12 skeleton provides a percolated pathway for rapid Li+ migration, ensuring a sufficient ionic conductivity of 7.7 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature. As the bottlenecks are well solved, 4.5 V LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2‐based ASLMBs present fantastic cycle performance over 200 cycles with an average Coulombic efficiency exceeding 99.6% at room temperature.
Engineering 2D Silicene‐Based Mesoporous Nanomedicine for In Vivo Near‐Infrared‐Triggered Analgesia
Authors: Yin Suqing , Gao Po , Yu Luodan , Zhu Ling , Yu Weifeng , Chen Yu , Yang Liqun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe utilization of local anesthetics for postoperative analgesia represents an effective approach, but generally suffers from short half‐lives and brachychronic local neurotoxicity. A desirable anesthetic with controllable and sustainable drug‐releasing performance for adequate analgesia effect is highly required. In this work, the core/shell‐structured two‐dimenional (2D) silicene nanosheets coated with mesoporous silica layer (abbreviated as Silicene@MSNs) have been rationally constructed as localized drug‐delivery system in sciatic nerve block to achieve on‐demand release of loaded ropivacaine (RP) in mesoporous silica layer for local analgesia. Based on the specific photothermal performance of 2D silicene core, this local anesthesia system can be triggered by near‐infrared laser to release the loaded RP, resulting in on‐demand and long‐lasting regional anesthesia. The analgesia effect is assessed by pain behavior tests, which demonstrates that the RP‐loaded Silicene@MSNs core/shell nanosystem behaves almost five times longer analgesia effect than free RP. Furthermore, the activation of pain‐related neurons in nerve conduction pathways is tested to explore the underlying analgesia mechanism, revealing that the designed nanosystem can improve the pain threshold, reduce the activation of neurons in dorsal root ganglion and excitability in spinal substantia gelatinosa neurons. This designed anesthetic nanomedicine provides a facile but effective methodology for long‐lasting regional anesthesia.
A Van Der Waals Photo‐Ferroelectric Synapse
Authors: Cai Yao , Zhang Lifu , Jiang Jie , Hu Yang , Chen Zhizhong , Jia Ru , Sun Chengliang , Shi Jian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor hardware artificial intelligence, the central task is to design and develop artificial synapses with needed characteristics. Here, the design and experimental demonstration of a van der Waals (vdW) photo‐ferroelectric synapse are reported. In the photo‐ferroelectric synapse, the synaptic memory is extracted by reading the photocurrent, and written or edited by electrical pulses. The semiconducting vdW organic‐inorganic halide perovskite ((R)‐(–)‐1‐cyclohexylethylammonium)PbI3 (R‐CYHEAPbI3) photo‐ferroelectric serves as the model photo‐ferroelectric channel. Here, the vdW organic layer provides ferroelectric dipole and the PbI6 octahedron is responsible for photon absorption and charge transport. The R‐CYHEAPbI3 photo‐ferroelectric synapse show a writing/reading dynamics with >200 synaptic states, close to 103 on/off ratio, and reasonable endurance and retention characteristics. With the experimentally measured weight dynamics (parallel reading through ferroelectric photovoltaic effect and writing by electrical pulses) of R‐CYHEAPbI3 synapses, the feasibility of using a crossbar circuit to implement classic training and inference of hand‐written digits is presented. An image recognition accuracy of up to 90% is obtained. The demonstration of such a vdW photo‐ferroelectric synapse opens a window in the design of advanced devices for artificial intelligence.
Highly Flexible and Asymmetric Hexagonal‐Shaped Crystalline Structured Germanium Dioxide‐Based Multistate Resistive Switching Memory Device for Data Storage and Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Chougale Mahesh Y. , Khan Muhammad Umair , Kim Jungmin , Furqan Chaudhry Muhammad , Saqib Qazi Muhammad , Shaukat Rayyan Ali , Patil Swapnil R. , Mohammad Baker , Kwok Hoi‐Sing , Bae Jinho 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWith the increase of big data and artificial intelligence (AI) applications, fast and energy‐efficient computing is critical in future electronics. Fortunately, nonvolatile resistive memory devices can be potential candidates for these issues due to their in‐computing and neuromorphic computational abilities. Hence, the paper proposes a highly flexible and asymmetric hexagonal‐shaped crystalline structured germanium dioxide‐based Ag/GeO2/ITO device for high data storage and neuromorphic computing. The proposed device shows the highly asymmetric memristor behavior at low operating voltage to block backward current. The operational behaviors are observed by modulating the applied amplitude, current compliance, and varying the frequency, which shows excellent stability and repeatability in electrical characterizations. Furthermore, the neuromorphic device exhibits synaptic learning properties such as potentiation‐depression, pulse amplification, and spike time‐dependent plasticity rules (STDP). Here, the weights update of the memristive synaptic device is analyzed using a multilayer perceptron convolutional neural network (CNN) by optimizing the learning rate, training epochs, and algorithm to achieve higher accuracy for pattern recognition using CIFAR‐10 data. Undoubtedly, the demonstrated results suggest that the proposed device is a promising candidate to develop high‐density storage and neuromorphic computing technology for wearable and AI electronics.
Hydrogen Atom Doping—A Versatile Method for Modulated Interface Resistive Switching
Authors: Vanka Srinivas , Shin Hyungki , Davidson Bruce A. , Liu Chong , Zou Ke 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInterface kinetics plays a crucial role in modulating the resistive switching mechanism for memristor devices with a Schottky junction. This study introduces H atoms by catalytic doping and examines the interfacial electrical transfer characteristics of the Pd/Nb‐doped SrTiO3 (Nb‐STO). The I–V measurements show that H+ doping at the Pd/Nb‐STO interface reduces the barrier height by 300 mV compared to the sample before H+ doping. This reduction in barrier height is further correlated with the decrease in built‐in potential by 300 mV and depletion layer thickness from C–V measurements. The underlying reason for such a drastic change in resistive switching characteristics is the reduction of interface layer thickness. The work highlights the easy use of Pd metal to introduce H atoms to oxide materials and provides insight into their effects on switching mechanisms.
Strong Intermolecular Interactions Induced by High Quadrupole Moments Enable Excellent Photostability of Non‐Fullerene Acceptors for Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Luke Joel , Yang Emily J. , Chin Yi‐Chun , Che Yuxuan , Winkler Lisa , Whatling Darius , Labanti Chiara , Park Song Yi , Kim Ji‐Seon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding degradation mechanisms of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) is a critical prerequisite for improving device stability. Herein, the effect of molecular structure on the photostability of non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) is studied by changing end‐group substitution of ITIC derivatives: ITIC, ITIC‐2F, and ITIC‐DM. Using an assay of in situ spectroscopy techniques and molecular simulations, the photodegradation product of ITIC and the rate of product formation are identified, which correlates excellently to reported device stability, with ITIC‐2F being the most stable and ITIC‐DM the least. The choice of acceptor is found to affect both the donor polymer (PBDB‐T) photostability and the morphological stability of the bulk heterojunction blend. Molecular simulations reveal that NFA end‐group substitution strongly modulates the electron distribution within the molecule and thus its quadrupole moment. Compared to unsubstituted‐ITIC, end‐group fluorination results in a stronger, and demethylation a weaker, molecular quadrupole moment. This influences the intermolecular interactions between NFAs and between the NFA and the polymer, which in turn affects the photostability and morphological stability. This hypothesis is further tested on two other high quadrupole acceptors, Y6 and IEICO‐4F, which both show impressive photostability. The strong correlation observed between NFA quadrupole moment and photostability opens a new synthetic direction for photostable organic photovoltaic materials.
Erythropoietic effects of vadadustat in patients with anemia associated with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Koury Mark J. , Agarwal Rajiv , Chertow Glenn M. , Eckardt Kai‐Uwe , Fishbane Steven , Ganz Tomas , Haase Volker H. , Hanudel Mark R. , Parfrey Patrick S. , Pergola Pablo E. , Roy‐Chaudhury Prabir , Tumlin James A. , Anders Robert , Farag Youssef M. K. , Luo Wenli , Minga Todd , Solinsky Christine , Vargo Dennis L. , Winkelmayer Wolfgang C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) develop anemia largely because of inappropriately low erythropoietin (EPO) production and insufficient iron available to erythroid precursors. In four phase 3, randomized, open‐label, clinical trials in dialysis‐dependent and non–dialysis‐dependent patients with CKD and anemia, the hypoxia‐inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, vadadustat, was noninferior to the erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent, darbepoetin alfa, in increasing and maintaining target hemoglobin concentrations. In these trials, vadadustat increased the concentrations of serum EPO, the numbers of circulating erythrocytes, and the numbers of circulating reticulocytes. Achieved hemoglobin concentrations were similar in patients treated with either vadadustat or darbepoetin alfa, but compared with patients receiving darbepoetin alfa, those receiving vadadustat had erythrocytes with increased mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin, while the red cell distribution width was decreased. Increased serum transferrin concentrations, as measured by total iron‐binding capacity, combined with stable serum iron concentrations, resulted in decreased transferrin saturation in patients randomized to vadadustat compared with patients randomized to darbepoetin alfa. The decreases in transferrin saturation were associated with relatively greater declines in serum hepcidin and ferritin in patients receiving vadadustat compared with those receiving darbepoetin alfa. These results for serum transferrin saturation, hepcidin, ferritin, and erythrocyte indices were consistent with improved iron availability in the patients receiving vadadustat. Thus, overall, vadadustat had beneficial effects on three aspects of erythropoiesis in patients with anemia associated with CKD: increased endogenous EPO production, improved iron availability to erythroid cells, and increased reticulocytes in the circulation.
Reliability of biological maturation analyses performed by equations predicting skeletal age and peak height velocity with hand and wrist X‐ray results
Authors: de Almeida‐Neto Paulo Francisco , de Medeiros Jason Azevedo , Medeiros Radamés Maciel Vítor , Baxter‐Jones Adam , de Matos Dihogo Gama , Aidar Felipe J. , Dantas Paulo Moreira Silva , de Araújo Tinoco Cabral Breno Guilherme 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundHand‐wrist radiography is the gold standard for the assessment of skeletal age (SA) and the assignment of biological maturation (BM) status. However, its practical use in the field is questioned, prompting the development of anthropometric equations to estimate BM. However, there is no consensus on the reliability of these equations in relation to hand‐wrist X‐rays.ObjectiveTo test the reliability of the BM estimated from predictive equations with the results of hand‐wrist X‐rays.MethodsOne‐hundred forty‐four young athletes (38%‐males, 62%‐females; 12.3 ± 1.4 years) were recruited. SA was assessed by analyzing X‐rays of the hand‐wrist using the Greulich‐Pyle protocol. SA was predicted using the anthropometric equations of Cabral and Macêdo. By subtracting chronological age from SA, a measure of BM or biological age (BA) was computed. In addition, a BA of years from peak height velocity (PHV) was predicted using the anthropometric equations of Mirwald and Moore.ResultsRelative to X‐ray, Cabral's equations showed high reliability in estimating BM in both sexes (p < .0001) while Macêdo's equations showed substantial reliability or males (p < .0001) only. Mirwald and Moore's equations showed weak reliability (p < .05 and p = .043, respectively).ConclusionThe prediction of SA using anthropometric equations was found to be reliable in categorizing individuals as late, synchronized, and/or early maturers in both sexes. However, the predictive equations of years from PHV only reliably categorized late and synchronized maturation stages in males and the synchronized maturers in females.
Anthropometric measures do not explain the 2D:4D ratio sexual dimorphism in 7‐year‐old children
Authors: Jägetoft Zebulohn , Unenge Hallerbäck Maria , Julin Maria , Bornehag Carl‐Gustaf , Wikström Sverre 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesDigit ratio (2D:4D) might reflect prenatal testosterone exposure and has been used as a putative marker for androgen related outcomes. However, such associations might be inflicted by confounders. Application of 2D:4D in epidemiological research motivate identification of biological background determinants.We examined sex, anthropometric measures, and maternal factors as determinants of 2D:4D in Swedish 7‐year‐old children.MethodsThe study was embedded in the Swedish Environmental, Longitudinal, Mother and Child, Asthma and Allergy (SELMA) pregnancy cohort. A total of 870 pre‐pubertal children, median 7.5 years of age, were studied.A single assessor performed digit measurements from scanned photocopies using computer software. Child anthropometric measurements investigated were hand size, birthweight, recumbent birth length, standing height, weight, BMI, body fat percentage, and waist/hip circumference. Maternal factors included age, pregnancy length, parity, and education.ResultsWe found a significant sexual dimorphism regarding digit lengths and 2D:4D, boys on average presenting a lower 2D:4D than girls also after adjustment for summed finger lengths and body fatness. In crude analyses, maternal age correlated with 2D:4D across the whole population and in females but not in adjusted models. No other study variables were associated with 2D:4D.ConclusionDigit ratio showed sexual dimorphism at the age of seven and seems to represent a true sex difference rather than an artifact and bias from hand size, body size or body fat content. Among the rest of our investigated variables, we found no determinants constituting important confounders in future research on 2D:4D ratio.
Endoscopic surgery is superior to intensity‐modulated radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Li Wanpeng , Zhang Qianqian , Chen Fu , Xu Haoyuan , Liu Qiang , Wang Huan , Zhang Huankang , Liu Quan , Gu Yurong , Li Houyong , Sun Xicai , Yu Hongmeng , Wang Dehui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe choice between endoscopic surgery and re‐radiotherapy as the main treatment modality in patients with advanced recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (rNPC) remains controversial. Therefore, in this study, we compared the efficacies of endoscopic surgery and intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in patients with rNPC.MethodsAll patients with advanced rNPC (T3 and T4) who underwent salvage treatment were enrolled from January 2009 to December 2020. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed using a log‐rank analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses of OS were performed using a Cox regression model. Common treatment‐related complications of endoscopic surgery were compared with those of IMRT.ResultsThe numbers of patients with T3 and T4 tumors were 163 (64.2%) and 91 (35.8%), respectively; 192 patients underwent endoscopic surgery, 51 received IMRT, and 11 received three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D‐CRT). The 3‐year OS of patients treated with endoscopic surgery was 59.3%, which was significantly higher than that of patients treated with IMRT (34.7%, p < 0.001) or 3D‐CRT (43.6%, p = 0.012). Multivariate analyses showed that IMRT was an independent risk factor for OS compared with endoscopic surgery (hazard ratio, 2.068; 95% confidence interval, 1.395–3.069, p < 0.001). Complications of aural fullness (p = 0.001), nasopharyngeal necrosis (p = 0.004), nasopharyngeal hemorrhage (p = 0.004), dysphagia (p < 0.001), and cerebral infarction (p = 0.030) were significantly lower in the endoscopic surgery group than in the IMRT group.ConclusionEndoscopic surgery may be a more promising salvage treatment than IMRT to maximize survival and minimize treatment‐related complications in advanced rNPC. These results will be significant in deciding the optimal treatment for patients with advanced rNPC.
A Chimeric Conjugate of Antibody and Programmable DNA Nanoassembly Smartly Activates T Cells for Precise Cancer Cell Targeting
Authors: Tang Rui , Fu Yu‐Hao , Gong Bo , Fan Ying‐Ying , Wang Hong‐Hui , Huang Yan , Nie Zhou , Wei Ping 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSynthetically directing T‐cells against tumors emerges as a promising strategy in immunotherapy, while it remains challenging to smartly engage T cells with tunable immune response. Herein, we report an intelligent molecular platform to engineer T‐cell recognition for selective activation to potently kill cancer cells. To this end, we fabricated a hybrid conjugate that uses a click‐type DNA–protein conjugation to equip the T cell‐engaging antibody with two distinct programmable DNA nanoassemblies. By integrating multiple aptameric antigen‐recognitions within a dynamic DNA circuit, we achieved combinatorial recognition of triple‐antigens on cancer cells for selective T‐cell activation after high‐order logic operation. Moreover, by coupling a DNA nanostructure, we precisely defined the valence of the antigen‐binding aptamers to tune avidity, realizing effective tumor elimination in vitro and in vivo. Together, we present a versatile and programmable strategy for synthetic immunotherapy.
Photoinduced Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric C(sp3)−H Alkynylation of Cyclic Amines by Intramolecular 1,5‐Hydrogen Atom Transfer
Authors: Guo Rui , Xiao Haijing , Li Sijia , Luo Yixin , Bai Jiahui , Zhang Mengzhen , Guo Yinlong , Qi Xiaotian , Zhang Guozhu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe development of a mild and general method for C(sp3)−H functionalization of cyclic amines has been an ongoing challenge. In this work, we describe the copper‐catalyzed enantioselective C(sp3)−H alkynylation of unactivated cyclic 2‐iodo‐benzamide under photo‐irradiation by intramolecular 1,5‐hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). The employment of a new bisoxazoline diphenylamine ligand, in conjunction with 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol, which significantly improved the reduction potential of the copper complex, was the key to success of this chemistry. Mechanistic and computational studies supported that the new copper complex served the dual role as a photoredox and coupling catalyst, the reaction went through a radical process, and the intramolecular 1,5‐HAT process was involved in the rate‐limiting step. Apart from the broad substrate scope including unprecedented benzocyclic amines, this method also showed excellent diastereoselectivity in 2‐monosubstituted cyclic amines via substrate control.