bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodiffusion and chemical reaction on MHD free convective flow past a rotating vertical porous plate with constant heat and mass discharge
Authors: Sekhar B. Chandra , Kumar P. Vijaya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSimultaneous heat and mass transport have played significant roles in different substantial chemical, and biomedical processes. Heat and mass transports happen in absorptions, distillations, extractions, drying, melt along with crystallizations, moreover, evaporations, and condensations. Mass flows due to the temperature gradients are recognized as the Soret effect. The Soret effects on the unsteady hydromagnetic liberated convective flow of a non‐incompressible electrically performing gelatinous liquid over the rotating perpendicular absorbent plate in the incidence of temperature amalgamation have been investigated. The effects of the first order chemical reaction along with heat radiation are considered. The scheme of partially differential equalities is rendered into ordinarily differential equalities and therefore solved systematically with the Laplace transforms methodology. The impacts of different pertinent flow parametrics on velocities, temperature as well as concentration distributions, in addition, the shear stress is examined through the graphical profiles along with tables accordingly. This is established that resultant velocity field is ascending through an increase in the Soret parameter and chemically reacting parameter. The temperature distribution is increased by an increasing heat absorption parameter. Also, when the Soret parameter increases, then concentration increases throughout the fluid region.
Bone Microarchitecture in Transgender Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bretherton Ingrid , Ghasem-Zadeh Ali , Leemaqz Shalem Y , Seeman Ego , Wang Xiaofang , McFarlane Thomas , Spanos Cassandra , Grossmann Mathis , Zajac Jeffrey D , Cheung Ada S 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Gender-affirming hormone therapy aligns physical characteristics with an individual's gender identity, but sex hormones regulate bone remodeling and influence bone morphology. We hypothesized that trans men receiving testosterone have compromised bone morphology because of suppression of ovarian estradiol production, whereas trans women receiving estradiol, with or without anti-androgen therapy, have preserved bone microarchitecture. We compared distal radial and tibial microarchitecture using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography images in a cross-sectional study of 41 trans men with 71 cis female controls, and 40 trans women with 51 cis male controls. Between-group differences were expressed as standardized deviations (SD) from the mean in age-matched cisgender controls with 98% confidence intervals adjusted for cross-sectional area (CSA) and multiple comparisons. Relative to cis women, trans men had 0.63 SD higher total volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD; both p = 0.01). Cortical vBMD and cortical porosity did not differ, but cortices were 1.11 SD thicker (p &lt; 0.01). Trabeculae were 0.38 SD thicker (p = 0.05) but otherwise no different. Compared with cis men, trans women had 0.68 SD lower total vBMD (p = 0.01). Cortical vBMD was 0.70 SD lower (p &lt; 0.01), cortical thickness was 0.51 SD lower (p = 0.04), and cortical porosity was 0.70 SD higher (p &lt; 0.01). Trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) was 0.77 SD lower (p &lt; 0.01), with 0.57 SD fewer (p &lt; 0.01) and 0.30 SD thicker trabeculae (p = 0.02). There was 0.56 SD greater trabecular separation (p = 0.01). Findings at the distal radius were similar. Contrary to each hypothesis, bone microarchitecture was not compromised in trans men, perhaps because aromatization of administered testosterone prevented bone loss. Trans women had deteriorated bone microarchitecture either because of deficits in microstructure before treatment or because the estradiol dosage was insufficient to offset reduced aromatizable testosterone. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Extending the biologging revolution to amphibians: Implantation, extraction, and validation of miniature temperature loggers
Authors: Reider Kelsey E. , Zerger Megan , Whiteman Howard H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractQuantifying ectotherm body temperature is important to understand physiological performance under environmental change. The increasing availability of small, commercially‐available animal‐borne biologgers increases accessibility to high‐quality body temperature data. However, amphibians present several challenges to successful datalogger implantation including small body sizes and physiologically active skin. We developed a method for the implantation, extraction, and validation of temperature biologgers in captive salamanders. We assessed the effect of biologger implantation and extraction surgery on body condition. Implantation had no effects on short or long‐term body condition. Body condition also did not differ between implant and control groups after datalogger extraction. Biologgers did not alter preferred temperature in a laboratory thermal gradient, indicating that temperature data would not be biased by implantation. We provide detailed recommendations for datalogger placement and refinement of surgical techniques to further improve outcomes, enhance our understanding of fitness, species range limitations, and responses to environmental and climatic change.
Expression of spidroin proteins in the silk glands of golden orb‐weaver spiders
Authors: Jorge Inmaculada , Ruiz Víctor , Lavado‐García Jesús , Vázquez Jesús , Hayashi Cheryl , Rojo Francisco J. , Atienza José M. , Elices Manuel , Guinea Gustavo V. , Pérez‐Rigueiro José 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe expression of spidroins in the major ampullate, minor ampullate, flagelliform, and tubuliform silk glands of Trichonephila clavipes spiders was analyzed using proteomics analysis techniques. Spidroin peptides were identified and assigned to different gene products based on sequence concurrence when compared with the whole genome of the spider. It was found that only a relatively low proportion of the spidroin genes are expressed as proteins in any of the studied glands. In addition, the expression of spidroin genes in different glands presents a wide range of patterns, with some spidroins being found in a single gland exclusively, while others appear in the content of several glands. The combination of precise genomics, proteomics, microstructural, and mechanical data provides new insights both on the design principles of these materials and how these principles might be translated for the production of high‐performance bioinspired artificial fibers.
Safety and efficacy of continuous or intermittent enteral nutrition in patients in the intensive care unit: Systematic review of clinical evidence
Authors: De Lazzaro Francesco , Alessandri Francesco , Tarsitano Maria Grazia , Bilotta Federico , Pugliese Francesco 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe best mode of delivering enteral nutrition (EN) in the intensive care unit (ICU) is still debated: several consensus guidelines (American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition [ASPEN] and the European Society for Parental and Enteral Nutrition [ESPEN]) suggest that EN in ICU should be preferably delivered continuously rather intermittently, but some authors highlight that the first is unphysiological. The aim of this systematic review (SR) is to summarize available clinical evidence related to safety and efficacy of continuous EN (C‐EN) or intermittent EN (I‐EN) in patients in the ICU, in relation to appropriated supply on nutrition status, gastrointestinal symptoms or tolerance, and risks on respiratory tract infections. A literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar was performed comparing C‐EN vs I‐EN, and 4196 published studies were screened. Nineteen studies were selected for this SR reporting types of ICU, nutrition protocols, and study period. Effects of C‐EN vs I‐EN were presented according to the impact on nutrition status, digestive tract, and respiratory tract. The contrasting results confirmed that the optimal delivering mode of EN remains controversial. Future studies dedicated to identifying the benefits and limitations of C‐EN or I‐EN should be realized.
An insight into the patterns and controls of the structure of South American Chaco woodlands
Authors: Ferraina Antonella , Baldi Germán , de Abelleyra Diego , Grosfeld Javier , Verón Santiago 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLogging, grazing, wood extraction, and anthropogenic fires are pervasive throughout the subtropical dry vegetation of South America leading to changes in woodlands structure and ultimately its degradation. The Chac ohaco biome encompasses the second‐largest forest in South America and has a long history of intensive use. We sought to characterize the structure and heterogeneity of its woodlands across biogeographic subunits and climatic gradients, and evaluate structure controls. We quantified canopy height, cover, vertical complexity, vegetation amount above 3 m and total vegetation amount over 58 woodlands within the Argentinean Chaco by means of terrestrial laser scanner. We assessed the relationship between three groups near the maximum, average and minimum values of each structural variable and precipitation, temperature and temperature of the coldest month using quantile regressions. We found large variability in structural attributes within each biogeographical subunit, showing woodland areas with similar structure across broad gradients of climate. This suggests a considerable impact of current and past land use in shaping woodland structures across the Chaco. Overall, structural variables were positively associated with precipitation and temperature, albeit more strongly to the former, except for canopy height, which showed a strong association with mean temperature of the coldest month. We hypothesize that land‐use impact on woodland structure decreases with increasing precipitation, as the lack of water may limit the recovery of vegetation structure. Our results contribute to a better understanding of variation in key structural variables of Chaco woodlands in relation to climate and land use.
Enrichment of n‐3 containing ether phospholipids in plasma after 30 days of krill oil compared with fish oil supplementation
Authors: Sung Hyunsin (Hedy) , Sinclair Andrew J. , Su Xiao Q 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere are conflicting findings over the bioavailability of long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFA) from krill oil (KO) compared with fish oil (FO) in short‐ and long‐term studies. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of KO versus FO on the enrichment of molecular species of plasma phospholipids in young women following a 30‐day consumption of the n‐3 oils. Eleven healthy women aged 18–45 years consumed seven capsules of KO per day (containing a total of 1.27 g n‐3 PUFA) or five capsules of FO per day (total of 1.44 g n‐3 PUFA) for 30 days in a randomized crossover study, separated by at least a 30‐day washout period. Fasting blood samples were collected at day zero (baseline), day 15 and day 30 and analyzed by HPLC‐MS/MS for molecular species of phospholipids. Supplementation increased n‐3 PUFA in main phospholipids classes in both groups. After 30 days of supplementation, 35 out of 70 molecular species containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn‐3) had a significantly greater concentration in KO group compared with the FO treated group. The majority (89%) of the differentiated molecular species were choline and ethanolamine ether‐phospholipids. These data reveal that analysis of plasma phospholipids following 30 days of consumption of KO (a marine oil rich in phospholipids, including ether phospholipids) resulted in an enrichment of n‐3 PUFA in molecular species of ether‐phospholipids compared with FO (a triacylglycerol‐rich marine oil).
Combining AFM imaging and elementally resolved spectroelectrochemistry for understanding stability and quality of passive films formed on Alloy 600
Authors: Dworschak Dominik , Bishara Marina , Cheng Hsiu‐Wei , Valtiner Markus 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderstanding elemental corrosion currents and visualizing corroding topographies provides a detailed insight into corrosion mechanisms at the nanoscale. Here, we develop a strategy to understand the elemental composition, corrosion resistivity, and local stability of passive materials. Specifically, we utilize a pulse voltammetry approach in a novel electrochemical atomic force microscopy (AFM) cell and complement this data by real‐time dissolution currents based on spectroelectrochemical online analysis in an inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP‐MS) flow cell. We study the oxide properties and their protective behavior when formed under different applied potentials using Alloy 600 as a model sample. Both AFM and ICP‐MS data show that passive films formed on Alloy 600 at around +0.3 to +0.4 V in neutral 1 mM NaCl solution are most stable during anodic corrosion at +1.0 V, while AFM further demonstrates that local dissolution occurs, indicating locally varying defect levels in the passive film. In combination with both techniques, our approach provides real‐time elementally resolved and localized information of passive film quality under corrosive conditions, and it may prove useful for other corroding materials.
Discriminative Detection of Aliphatic, Electron‐Rich and Electron‐Deficient Aromatic Volatile Organic Contaminants Using Conjugated Polymeric Fluorescent Nanoaggregates with Aggregation Induced Emission Characteristics
Authors: Panigrahi Abhiram , Mandal Shyama C. , Pathak Biswarup , Sarma Tridib K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDiscrimination of aromatic, aliphatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with high sensitivity and easy operational techniques is important due to related environmental implications. Herein the development of fluorescent conjugated polymers is reported, consisting of donor–acceptor pairs and their nanoaggregates as fluorophores with differential emission behavior in the presence of aromatic, aliphatic VOCs and electron‐deficient VOCs both in aqueous solution and solid state. The polymeric network consists of fluorene moiety with dangling alkyl groups as donors and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) active tetraphenylethylene (TPE) unit as an acceptor. The corresponding fluorescent nanoaggregates exhibit enhancement in the emission intensity owing to restriction in intramolecular motion of AIE unit in the presence of aliphatic VOCs, whereas the fluorescence enhancement is accompanied by a bathochromic shift in emission maxima in the case of aromatic VOCs owing to the conformational change in the phenyl rings of TPE unit. On the other hand, the fluorescence of nanoaggregates quenches in the presence of an electron‐deficient VOC through a possible nonradiative electron transfer. Detailed mechanistic studies are corroborated through a variety of spectroscopic, density functional theory calculations, and theoretical simulations. The discriminatory response of the polymeric nanoaggregates toward a different kind of VOCs can also be observed visually in the thin‐film state.
It’s Complicated and It Depends: A Review of the Effects of Ecosystem Changes on Walleye and Yellow Perch Populations in North America
Authors: Hansen Gretchen J. A. , Ruzich Jenna K. , Krabbenhoft Corey A. , Kundel Holly , Mahlum Shad , Rounds Christopher I. , Van Pelt Amanda O. , Eslinger Lawrence D. , Logsdon Dale E. , Isermann Daniel A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Walleye Sander vitreus and Yellow Perch Perca flavescens are culturally, economically, and ecologically significant fish species in North America that are affected by drivers of global change. Here, we review and synthesize the published literature documenting the effects of ecosystem changes on Walleye and Yellow Perch. We focus on four drivers: climate (including temperature and precipitation), aquatic invasive species, land use and nutrient loading, and water clarity. We identified 1,232 tests from 370 papers, split evenly between Walleye (n = 613) and Yellow Perch (n = 619). Climate was the most frequently studied driver (n = 572), and growth or condition was the most frequently studied response (n = 297). The most commonly reported relationship was “no effect” (42% of analyses), usually because multiple variables were tested and only a few were found to be significant. Overall responses varied among studies for most species-response–driver combinations. For example, the influence of invasive species on growth of both Walleye and Yellow Perch was approximately equally likely to be positive, negative, or have no effect. Even when results were variable, important patterns emerged; for example, growth responses of both species to temperature were variable, but very few negative responses were observed. A few relationships were relatively consistent across studies. Invasive species were negatively associated with Walleye recruitment and abundance, and higher water clarity was negatively associated with Walleye abundance, biomass, and production. Some variability in responses may be due to differences in methodology or the range of variables studied; others represent true context dependence, where the effect of a driver depends on the influence of other variables. Using common metrics of impact, publishing negative results, and robust analytical approaches could facilitate comparisons among systems and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the responses of Walleye and Yellow Perch to ecosystem change.
Stress‐constrained multiscale topology optimization with connectable graded microstructures using the worst‐case analysis
Authors: Zhao Ruijie , Zhao Junpeng , Wang Chunjie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article proposes a stress‐constrained multiscale topology optimization approach with connectable graded microstructures. The proposed method includes two stages. In the first stage, the shape interpolation method is first employed to generate a series of connectable unit cells. Then the effective elasticity tensors are calculated by the numerical homogenization and XFEM. Besides, the worst‐case analysis and stress correction factor are employed to predict the maximum microscopic stress of the unit cells under arbitrary loading conditions. Furthermore, reduced‐order models for the stress correction factor and effective elasticity tensor are built to efficiently predict the mechanical properties of the unit cell with any specified volume fraction. In the second stage, stress‐constrained topology optimization is employed to find the distribution of microstructures by using established reduced‐order models. Except for applying approaches commonly used in the traditional stress‐constrained topology optimization, the moving Heaviside function is also proposed to include the void material into optimization. Finally, a threshold projection scheme is performed to realize the design of multiscale structures. Two numerical examples are presented to validate the proposed method. In addition, because the worst‐case analysis overestimates the structural stress, an evolutionary discrete optimization is employed to further explore the potential of the multiscale structures.
Interval uncertainty‐based multidisciplinary reliability analysis method for information‐poor complex system
Authors: Fang Pengya , Tang Shengjin , Wen Zhenhua , Tian Shuxia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDue to integrated structures and multiple functions, complex systems, such as large‐scale equipment and aerospace vehicle, faced prominent reliability problems. However, in real‐world applications, collecting sufficient reliability data is costly and time‐consuming. To overcome this difficulty, the information‐poor variables are modeled with interval models and the corresponding reliability analysis method for complex system is studied in this paper. First, we establish a multidisciplinary nonprobabilistic reliability model based on interval analysis, which is an optimization framework with an objective of nonprobabilistic reliability index and two constraints of interdisciplinary consistency equation and limit state equation. Second, two types of algorithms for the above model are studied. Based on typical methods of multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO), the direct algorithms including RA‐MDF and RA‐IDF are developed. Then, a decoupled reliability analysis algorithm is proposed to realize parallel multidisciplinary reliability analysis, in which two methods of multidisciplinary interval uncertainty analysis are formulated to decouple the coupling relationship between disciplines. Finally, three examples are employed to illustrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed methods.
Flexible high dielectric polystyrene/ethylene‐α‐octene copolymer/graphene nanocomposites: Tuning the morphology and dielectric properties by graphene's surface polarity
Authors: Goodarzi Milad , Pircheraghi Gholamreza , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Altstadt Volker 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe current research focuses on suggesting a new potential application of polymeric materials for capacitor applications by focusing on polystyrene (PS)/ethylene‐α‐octene copolymer (EOC) blends. Polymeric materials have high dielectric strength (≈ 200 for PS), good processability, and flexibility. However, their low dielectric constants make them not suitable for capacitor applications. Therefore, suggesting a method for enhancing their dielectric constant accompanied by low tan δ proposes an excellent substitute for commonly used ceramic dielectrics. The current article investigates the control of the dielectric properties of PS/EOC blends by manipulating the graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) surface polarity. Results confirm that the localization site of the GNPs is mainly controlled by their surface polarities; this matter leads to the change of the morphology from sea/island for the pure blend to co‐continuous for the blend containing the most polar GNPs resulting in the best dielectric properties. This manipulation of the morphology by low concentration of GNPs (1.5 wt%) and therefore, dielectric properties result in high dielectric constant ≈ 55.8 at 10 MHz and low tan δ = 0.007, accompanied by high flexibility, which is the main drawback of ceramic capacitors, makes it a fantastic option for capacitor applications.
Electromagnetic interference cognizance and potential of advanced polymer composites toward electromagnetic interference shielding: A review
Authors: Devi Nishu , Ray Suprakas Sinha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe exigency of electromagnetic shielding is derived from the electromagnetic pollution caused by the widespread use of electronic devices. Electromagnetic waves from innumerable electrical sources radiate in the atmosphere and generate electromagnetic interference (EMI). Such EMI can interrupt other instruments and threaten human health. Therefore, future designs of electronic devices, regardless of their size and use, necessitate advanced electromagnetic shielding materials and techniques that can limit or completely block the transmission of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere. The purpose of this review is to investigate the use of polymer‐based composites for EMI shielding and study their configurations. The objectives of this study and the societal and environmental impacts of electromagnetic waves are discussed in detail. The available reports, the worldwide contribution by researchers in the field, the limitations of the available materials, and the inventions required have directed our interest toward this area of research. The review summarizes EMI shielding cognizance, current research gaps, and future recommendations.