bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRAGMATIC CYBER ANALYSIS IN THE MIDDLE EAST CONFLICT NEWS TEXT VIEWS THEO VAN LEEUWEN
Authors: Faisol Yufni , Fitriyah Rifkah , Fakhrurrazy Rifky , Fauzy Ridho 
Published: April 2022

The cause of this research discussed is the many problems of interest to readers of middle eastern news on several YouTube channels. His research aims to describe the text of the Middle East conflict news study Wacana Theo Van Leeuwen Discourse. Descriptive methods are used as a type of research. The data obtained is a sentence in the main news text of the Middle East conflict on YouTube. The researcher himself performs the instrument. In the data collection technique using the recording technique, one of them is orthographic sorting power. The results of his research are the first, in writing the comments of the audience, writing words by bringing up parties who have the authority to be involved in the news. Second, not all of Leeuwen's theories are contained in news texts. Third, Leeuwen's approach is described in the news text of the Middle East conflict based on the speech conveyed.
THE IMPORTANCE OF GUIDANCE IN UNDERSTANDING CULTURAL DISCOURSE IN THINKING AND SPEAKING FOR FOREIGN STUDENTS IN BIPA PROGRAM
Authors: Tiawati Refa Lina , Rahmat Wahyudi , Kemal Edwar , Chen Wei 
Published: April 2022

The lack of understanding of cultural discourse in speech is the key to international failure success in understanding language concepts, especially for BIPA learners in Indonesia. This research aims to reveal the importance of understanding the concepts of speech that must be considered in communicating. The method used is qualitative descriptive. The object of this study is an international student from Taiwan named Xing-Qian, who is participating in the Indonesian program for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) at PGRI University of West Sumatra. This research is naturalistic. The data in this study is in the form of video that is the result of recording in the field directly, then using the technique of seeing the record to transcribe the research results into writing form. The results showed that the international students used a form of guidance on the instructions for begging, asking, welcoming, advising, and inviting.
Direct measurements of ozone response to emissions perturbations in California
Authors: Wu Shenglun , Lee Hyung Joo , Anderson Andrea , Liu Shang , Kuwayama Toshihiro , Seinfeld John H. , Kleeman Michael J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. A new technique was used to directly measure O3 response to changes in
precursor NOx and volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations in the atmosphere using three
identical Teflon smog chambers equipped with UV lights. One chamber
served as the baseline measurement for O3 formation, one chamber added
NOx, and one chamber added surrogate VOCs (ethylene, m-xylene,
n-hexane). Comparing the O3 formation between chambers over a
3-hour UV cycle provides a direct measurement of O3 sensitivity to
precursor concentrations. Measurements made with this system at Sacramento,
California, between April–December 2020 revealed that the
atmospheric chemical regime followed a seasonal cycle. O3 formation was
VOC-limited (NOx-rich) during the early spring, transitioned to
NOx-limited during the summer due to increased concentrations of
ambient VOCs with high O3 formation potential, and then returned to
VOC-limited (NOx-rich) during the fall season as the concentrations of
ambient VOCs decreased and NOx increased. This seasonal pattern of
O3 sensitivity is consistent with the cycle of biogenic emissions in
California. The direct chamber O3 sensitivity measurements matched
semi-direct measurements of HCHO/NO2 ratios from the TROPOspheric
Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) aboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor (Sentinel-5P) satellite. Furthermore, the satellite observations showed that
the same seasonal cycle in O3 sensitivity occurred over most of the
entire state of California, with only the urban cores of the very large
cities remaining VOC-limited across all seasons. The O3-nonattainment
days (MDA8 O3>70 ppb) have O3 sensitivity in the
NOx-limited regime, suggesting that a NOx emissions control
strategy would be most effective at reducing these peak O3
concentrations. In contrast, a large portion of the days with MDA8 O3
concentrations below 55 ppb were in the VOC-limited regime, suggesting that
an emissions control strategy focusing on NOx reduction would increase
O3 concentrations. This challenging situation suggests that emissions
control programs that focus on NOx reductions will immediately lower
peak O3 concentrations but slightly increase intermediate O3
concentrations until NOx levels fall far enough to re-enter the
NOx-limited regime. The spatial pattern of increasing and decreasing
O3 concentrations in response to a NOx emissions control strategy
should be carefully mapped in order to fully understand the public health
implications.
Characteristics of the derived energy dissipation rate using the 1 Hz commercial aircraft quick access recorder (QAR) data
Authors: Kim Soo-Hyun , Kim Jeonghoe , Kim Jung-Hoon , Chun Hye-Yeong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The cube root of the energy dissipation rate (EDR), as a
standard reporting metric of atmospheric turbulence, is estimated using 1 Hz
quick access recorder (QAR) data from Korean-based national air carriers
with two different types of aircraft (Boeing 737 (B737) and Boeing 777 (B777)), archived
for 12 months from January to December 2012. The EDRs are estimated using
three wind components (zonal, meridional, and derived vertical wind) and the
derived equivalent vertical gust (DEVG) of the 1 Hz post-flight data by
applying all possible EDR methods. Wind components are used to calculate
three different EDRs, utilizing the second-order structure function, power
spectral density, and von Kármán wind spectrum and maximum-likelihood method. In addition, two DEVG-based EDRs are calculated using the
lognormal mapping technique and the predefined parabolic relationship
between the observed EDR and DEVG. When the reliability of lower-rate (1 Hz)
data to estimate the EDR is examined using the higher-rate (20 Hz) wind data
obtained from a tall tower observatory, it is found that the 1 Hz EDR can be
underestimated (2.19 %–12.56 %) or overestimated (9.32 %–10.91 %). In this
study, it is also found that the structure-function-based EDR shows lower
uncertainty (2.19 %–8.14 %) than the energy spectrum-based EDRs
(9.32 %–12.56 %) when the 1 Hz datasets are used. The observed EDR estimates
using 1 Hz QAR data are examined in three strong turbulence cases that are
relevant to clear-air turbulence (CAT), mountain wave turbulence (MWT), and
convectively induced turbulence (CIT). The observed EDR estimates derived
from three different wind components show different characteristics
depending on potential sources of atmospheric turbulence at cruising
altitudes, indicating good agreement with selected strong turbulence cases
with respect to turbulence intensity and incident time. Zonal wind-based
EDRs are stronger in the CAT case that is affected by synoptic-scale forcing
such as upper-level jet/frontal system. In the CIT case, vertical wind-based
EDRs are stronger, which is related to convectively induced gravity waves
outside the cloud boundary. The MWT case has a peak of the EDR based on both
the zonal and vertical winds, which can be related to the propagation of
mountain waves and their subsequent breaking. It is also found that the CAT
and MWT cases occurred by synoptic-scale forcing have longer variations in
the observed EDRs before and after the turbulence incident, while the CIT
case triggered by a mesoscale convective cell has an isolated peak of the
EDR. Current results suggest that the 1 Hz aircraft data can be an
additional source of the EDR estimations contributing to expand more EDR
information at the cruising altitudes in the world and that these data can
be helpful to provide a better climatology of aviation turbulence and a
situational awareness of cruising aircraft.
The eVe reference polarisation lidar system for the calibration and validation of the Aeolus L2A product
Authors: Paschou Peristera , Siomos Nikolaos , Tsekeri Alexandra , Louridas Alexandros , Georgoussis George , Freudenthaler Volker , Binietoglou Ioannis , Tsaknakis George , Tavernarakis Alexandros , Evangelatos Christos , von Bismarck Jonas , Kanitz Thomas , Meleti Charikleia , Marinou Eleni , Amiridis Vassilis 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The eVe dual-laser/dual-telescope lidar system is introduced here, focusing
on the optical and mechanical parts of the system's emission and receiver
units. The compact design of the linear–circular emission unit along with
the linear–circular analyser in the receiver unit allows eVe to
simultaneously reproduce the operation of the ALADIN lidar on board Aeolus
as well as to operate it as a traditional ground-based polarisation lidar
system with linear emission. As such, the eVe lidar aims to provide (a) ground reference measurements for the validation of the Aeolus L2A aerosol
products and (b) the conditions for which linear polarisation lidar systems
can be considered for Aeolus L2A validation, by identifying any possible
biases arising from the different polarisation state in the emission between
ALADIN and these systems, and the detection of only the co-polar component
of the returned signal from ALADIN for the L2A products' retrieval. In
addition, a brief description is given concerning the polarisation
calibration techniques that are applied in the system, as well as the
developed software for the analysis of the collected signals and the
retrieval of the optical products. More specifically, the system's dual
configuration enables the retrieval of the optical properties of particle
backscatter and extinction coefficients originating from the two different
polarisation states of the emission and the linear and circular depolarisation
ratios, as well as the direct calculation of the Aeolus-like backscatter
coefficient, i.e. the backscatter coefficient that Aeolus would measure
from the ground. Two cases, one with slightly depolarising particles and one
with moderately depolarising particles, were selected from the first
conducted measurements of eVe in Athens in September 2020, in order to
demonstrate the system's capabilities. In the slightly depolarising scene,
the Aeolus-like backscatter coefficient agrees well with the actual
backscatter coefficient, which is also true when non-depolarising particles
are present. The agreement however fades out for strongly depolarising
scenes, where an underestimation of ∼18 % of the Aeolus
like backscatter coefficient is observed when moderately depolarising
particles are probed.
Organic matter characteristics of a rapidly eroding permafrost cliff in NE Siberia (Lena Delta, Laptev Sea region)
Authors: Haugk Charlotte , Jongejans Loeka L. , Mangelsdorf Kai , Fuchs Matthias , Ogneva Olga , Palmtag Juri , Mollenhauer Gesine , Mann Paul J. , Overduin P. Paul , Grosse Guido , Sanders Tina , Tuerena Robyn E. , Schirrmeister Lutz , Wetterich Sebastian , Kizyakov Alexander , Karger Cornelia , Strauss Jens 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Organic carbon (OC) stored in Arctic permafrost
represents one of Earth's largest and most vulnerable terrestrial carbon
pools. Amplified climate warming across the Arctic results in widespread
permafrost thaw. Permafrost deposits exposed at river cliffs and coasts are
particularly susceptible to thawing processes. Accelerating erosion of
terrestrial permafrost along shorelines leads to increased transfer of
organic matter (OM) to nearshore waters. However, the amount of terrestrial
permafrost carbon and nitrogen as well as the OM quality in these deposits
is still poorly quantified. We define the OM quality as the intrinsic
potential for further transformation, decomposition and mineralisation. Here,
we characterise the sources and the quality of OM supplied to the Lena River
at a rapidly eroding permafrost river shoreline cliff in the eastern part of
the delta (Sobo-Sise Island). Our multi-proxy approach captures bulk
elemental, molecular geochemical and carbon isotopic analyses of Late
Pleistocene Yedoma permafrost and Holocene cover deposits, discontinuously
spanning the last ∼52 kyr. We showed that the ancient
permafrost exposed in the Sobo-Sise cliff has a high organic carbon content
(mean of about 5 wt %). The oldest sediments stem from Marine Isotope
Stage (MIS) 3 interstadial deposits (dated to 52 to 28 cal ka BP) and are
overlaid by last glacial MIS 2 (dated to 28 to 15 cal ka BP) and Holocene
MIS 1 (dated to 7–0 cal ka BP) deposits. The relatively high average chain
length (ACL) index of n-alkanes along the cliff profile indicates a
predominant contribution of vascular plants to the OM composition. The
elevated ratio of iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids (FAs) relative to mid- and long-chain (C ≥ 20) n-FAs in the interstadial MIS 3 and the interglacial MIS 1 deposits
suggests stronger microbial activity and consequently higher input of
bacterial biomass during these climatically warmer periods. The overall high
carbon preference index (CPI) and higher plant fatty acid (HPFA) values as
well as high C/N ratios point to a good quality of the preserved OM and thus
to a high potential of the OM for decomposition upon thaw. A decrease in
HPFA values downwards along the profile probably indicates stronger OM decomposition in the oldest (MIS 3) deposits of the cliff. The
characterisation of OM from eroding permafrost leads to a better assessment
of the greenhouse gas potential of the OC released into river and nearshore
waters in the future.
Insights from 20 years of temperature parallel measurements in Mauritius around the turn of the 20th century
Authors: Awe Samuel O. , Mahony Martin , Michaud Edley , Murphy Conor , Noone Simon J. , Venema Victor K. C. , Thorne Thomas G. , Thorne Peter W. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. There is considerable import in creating more complete,
better understood holdings of early meteorological data. Such data permit
an improved understanding of climate variability and long-term changes.
Early records are particularly incomplete in the tropics, with implications
for estimates of global and regional temperature. There is also a relatively low level of scientific understanding of how these early measurements were made and, as a result, of their homogeneity and comparability to more modern
techniques and measurements. Herein we describe and analyse a newly rescued
set of long-term, up to six-way parallel measurements undertaken over
1884–1903 in Mauritius, an island situated in the southern Indian Ocean.
Data include (i) measurements from a well-ventilated room, (ii) a shaded
thermograph, (iii) instruments housed in a manner broadly equivalent to a
modern Stevenson screen, (iv) a set of measurements by a hygrometer mounted
in a Stevenson screen, and for a much shorter period (v) two additional Stevenson screen configurations. All measurements were undertaken within an ∼ 80 m radius of each other. To our knowledge this is the first such multidecadal multi-instrument assessment of meteorological instrument transition impacts ever undertaken, providing potentially unique insights. The intercomparison also considers the impact of different ways of
deriving daily and monthly averages. The long-term comparison is sufficient
to robustly characterize systematic offsets between all the instruments and
seasonally varying impacts. Differences between all techniques range from
tenths of a degree Celsius to more than 1 ∘C and are
considerably larger for maximum and minimum temperatures than for means or
averages. Systematic differences of several tenths of a degree Celsius also
exist for the different ways of deriving average and mean temperatures. All
differences, except two average temperature series pairs, are significant at the
0.01 level using a paired t test. Given that all thermometers were regularly calibrated against a primary Kew standard thermometer maintained by the observatory, this analysis highlights significant impacts of instrument exposure, housing, siting, and measurement practices in early meteorological records. These results reaffirm the importance of thoroughly assessing the homogeneity of early meteorological records.
Analysing the effectiveness of different offshore maintenance base options for floating wind farms
Authors: Avanessova Nadezda , Gray Anthony , Lazakis Iraklis , Thomson R. Camilla , Rinaldi Giovanni 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. With the growth of the floating wind industry, new operation and maintenance (O&amp;M) research has emerged evaluating tow-to-port strategies (Offshore Wind Innovation Hub, 2020), but limited work has been done on analysing other logistical strategies for offshore floating wind farms. In particular, what logistical solutions are the best for farms located far offshore that cannot be reached by crew transfer vessels (CTVs)? Previous studies have looked at the use of surface effect ships (SES) and CTVs during the operation and maintenance (O&amp;M) of bottom-fixed wind farms, but only some of them included service operation vessels (SOVs). This study analyses two strategies that could be used for floating wind farms located far from shore using ORE Catapult's in-house O&amp;M simulation tool. One strategy comprises of having a SOV performing most of the maintenance on the wind farm, and the other strategy uses an offshore maintenance base (OMB) instead, which would be located next to the offshore substation and would accommodate three CTVs. This paper provides an overview of the tool and the inputs used to run it, including failure rates of floating wind turbine subsea components and their replacement costs. In total six types of simulations were run with two strategies, two different weather limits for CTVs and two weather datasets ERA5 and ERA-20C. The results of this study show that the operational expenditure (OPEX) costs for the strategy with an OMB are 5 %–8 % (depending on the inputs) lower than with SOV, but if capital expenditure (CAPEX) costs are included in the analysis and the net present value (NPV) is taken into account then the fixed costs associated with building the offshore maintenance base have a significant impact on selecting a preferred strategy. It was found that for the case study presented in this paper the OMB would have to share the foundation with a substation in order to be cost competitive with the SOV strategy.
Penerapan Algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor pada Twitter untuk Analisis Sentimen Masyarakat Terhadap Larangan Mudik 2021
Authors: Lestari Diah Ayu , Mahdiana Deni 
Published: April 2022

Media sosial Twitter merupakan media yang banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat dalam menyampaikan sebuah opini yang sedang hangat dibahas. Kebijakan larangan mudik yang diterapkan oleh pemerintah saat ini belum diketahui opini atau pendapat masyarakat terhadap pelaksanaan larangan mudik 2021 ini, sehingga pemerintah kesulitan dalam mengevaluasi kebijakan larangan mudik tersebut. Penelitian ini akan melakukan analisis sentimen menggunakan algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) dan menerapkan metodologi Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRIPS-DM). Pada penelitian ini data bersih yang digunakan berjumlah 4.799 tweet, yang diambil dari media sosial twitter pada 04 April 2021 – 17 Mei 2021 dengan sentimen positif berjumlah 834 tweet dan 3.965 tweet sentimen negatif. Penelitian ini menghasilkan bahwa K-NN dapat diimplementasikan dengan baik dikarenakan mencapai nilai akurasi sebesar 86.67 % dengan nilai recall 39.52 %, precision 70.97 % dan spencificity sebesar 96.60% menggunakan split data perbandingan 80 untuk data training dan 20 untuk data testing dengan nilai k=3. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa algoritma K-NN dapat mengklasifikasikan data secara benar dan baik.
A Buddha Land in This World
Authors: Brons Lajos 
Published: April 2022

In the early twentieth century, Uchiyama Gudō, Seno’o Girō, Lin Qiuwu, and others advocated a Buddhism that was radical in two respects. Firstly, they adopted a more or less naturalist stance with respect to Buddhist doctrine and related matters, rejecting karma or other supernatural beliefs. And secondly, they held political and economic views that were radically anti-hegemonic, anti-capitalist, and revolutionary. Taking the idea of such a “radical Buddhism” seriously, A Buddha Land in This World: Philosophy, Utopia, and Radical Buddhism asks whether it is possible to develop a philosophy that is simultaneously naturalist, anti-capitalist, Buddhist, and consistent. Rather than a study of radical Buddhism, then, this book is an attempt to radicalize it.
The foundations of this “radicalized radical Buddhism” are provided by a realist interpretation of Yogācāra, elucidated and elaborated with some help from thinkers in the broader Tiantai/Tendai tradition and American philosophers Donald Davidson and W.V.O. Quine. A key implication of this foundation is that only this world and only this life are real, from which it follows that if Buddhism aims to alleviate suffering, it has to do so in this world and in this life. Twentieth-century radical Buddhists (as well as some engaged Buddhists) came to a similar conclusion, often expressed in their aim to realize “a Buddha land in this world.”
Building on this foundation, but also on Mahāyāna moral philosophy, this book argues for an ethics and social philosophy based on a definition of evil as that what is or should be expected to cause death or suffering. On that ground, capitalism should be rejected indeed, but utopianism must be treated with caution as well, which raises questions about what it means – from a radicalized radical Buddhist perspective – to aim for a Buddha land in this world.
What challenges do people face in response to the long-term use of face masks?
Authors: Raziani Yosra , Nazari Ahmad , Raziani Sheno 
Published: April 2022

Background: The world is ceaselessly adapting to the ever-changing circumstances surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, and face masks have become a part of our daily routine. Considering the fact that face masks are here to stay, there are challenges people experience regarding wearing them. In this descriptive study, we aimed to investigate the frequent outcomes of long-term use of face masks in the general population.
Methods: Twenty-five nursing students who attended the university wearing face masks owing to the current pandemic were selected. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed according to the qualitative content analysis according to the Graneheim and Lundman method.
Results: The mean current age of the students was 20 (standard deviation [SD] = 2.5) years, and 60% of the students were women. The two main themes that emerged during data analysis were:
1. Physical health related problems, which included 3 categories; a) skin reactions, b) respiratory consequences, and c) visual complaints
2. Socioeconomic problems, including the 3 categories of; a) communication failure, b) personal style and appearance, and c) economic factors.
Conclusion: We support the necessity of face masks for a safe reopening of communities. Considering their advantages, some basic measurements are necessary to reduce the abovementioned concerns.