bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Candidatus Euplotechlamydia quinta,” a novel chlamydia‐like bacterium hosted by the ciliate Euplotes octocarinatus (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea)
Authors: Wang Ruanlin , Sun Ruijuan , Zhang Zhiyun , Vannini Claudia , Di Giuseppe Graziano , Liang Aihua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOur knowledge of ciliate endosymbiont diversity greatly expanded over the past decades due to the development of characterization methods for uncultivable bacteria. Chlamydia‐like bacteria have been described as symbionts of free‐living amoebae and other phylogenetically diverse eukaryotic hosts. In the present work, a systematic survey of the bacterial diversity associated with the ciliate Euplotes octocarinatus strain Zam5b‐1 was performed, using metagenomic screening as well as classical full‐cycle rRNA approach, and a novel chlamydial symbiont was characterized. The metagenomic screening revealed 16S rRNA gene sequences from Polynucleobacter necessarius, three previously reported accessory symbionts, and a novel chlamydia‐like bacterium. Following the full‐cycle rRNA approach, we obtained the full‐length 16S rRNA gene sequence of this chlamydia‐like bacterium and developed probes for diagnostic fluorescence in situ hybridizations. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences unambiguously places the new bacterium in the family Rhabdochlamydiaceae. This is the first report of chlamydia‐like bacterium being found in Euplotes. Based on the obtained data, the bacterium is proposed as a new candidate genus and species: “Candidatus Euplotechlamydia quinta.”
Exclusion criteria: Evaluating the impact of enrollment requirements in SEER‐Medicare research
Authors: Papageorge Marianna V. , Ng Sing Chau , Sachs Teviah E. , Kenzik Kelly M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundEnrollment criteria are routinely utilized in patient selection in SEER‐Medicare but little is known about how this may be impacting research outcomes. This study evaluated demographics and survival among pancreatic cancer patients who are included and excluded from SEER‐Medicare analyses.MethodsPatients ≥66 years old with pancreatic cancer were identified (SEER‐Medicare, 2008–2015). Two patient cohorts were compared: included (continuous enrollment in Medicare Parts A and B and no enrollment in Medicare Advantage), and excluded. Mortality was assessed using a Standardized Mortality Ratio.ResultsAmong 49,017 patients with pancreatic cancer, 59.5% were in the included cohort. The excluded cohort was younger (median age 74 vs. 77) with more male (49.9% vs. 47.8%), non‐white (33.0% vs. 21.3%) and urban‐dwelling patients (91.0% vs. 85.0%). Those excluded had a higher mortality risk (SMR 1.06, 95%CI 1.04–1.07).ConclusionsThere are significant differences in patient demographics and mortality among those who are and are not routinely included in SEER‐Medicare analyses and our study provides a critical opportunity to quantify this potential bias.
An exploration of women's sexual and reproductive health following traumatic brain injury
Authors: O'Reilly Kate , Wilson Nathan J. , Kwok Cannas , Peters Kath 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo develop a gendered understanding of sexual and reproductive health for Australian women following traumatic brain injury.BackgroundThe intersection of socialised normative expectations of sexuality and sexual health, and being a woman with a disability, can lead to inequity and a misconception that a woman with a disability is asexual.DesignAn equal weighting concurrent mixed methods design.MethodsTwenty women participated in conversational interviews and 49 women completed an online survey. Equal priority was given to both qualitative and quantitative data which were collected concurrently. A separate analysis of data was performed and was later merged. This paper follows the Good Reporting of a Mixed Methods Study guidelines for reporting mixed methods research.ResultsWomen reported changes in menstruation, reproduction, and sexual activity. Results identified that following traumatic brain injury, routine reproductive, and sexual health screening were neglected. Women revealed a personal reticence to discuss sexual health in a holistic sense and appeared more comfortable discussing reproductive health rather than sex for pleasure. Additionally, they perceived there was a reticence by clinicians to discuss sexual health as part of their rehabilitation.ConclusionsShifting the focus to be on women's health through periodic comprehensive health assessments is essential to the delivery of holistic health care. These results can inform the provision of sexual health, sexual safety, and sexual assertiveness education and training for women and girls within a rehabilitation framework and would be a way of addressing what women in this study identified as an unmet need.Relevance to Clinical PracticeReproductive and sexual health are important elements of routine comprehensive health screening for women. Nurses are well positioned to begin discussions regarding sexual agency, sexual, and reproductive health to ensure person‐centred care.
A socioeconomic impact assessment of three Italian national parks
Authors: D'Alberto Riccardo , Pagliacci Francesco , Zavalloni Matteo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe expansion of protected areas (PAs) is feared to negatively affect the local economy, as every PA, albeit to different degrees, entails restriction to the economic activities. The literature on the topic has started assessing what is the socioeconomic impact of PAs, mostly focusing on the Global South. The objective of this article is the analysis of the socioeconomic impact of three Italian national parks (NPs), established in the 2000s, using a counterfactual approach based on both the outcome regression diff‐in‐diff and the doubly robust diff‐in‐diff combined with different propensity score‐based and Mahalanobis distance matching procedures. We find that the three Italian NPs have a robust and statistically significant impact on average income of residents in municipalities hosting them. Conversely, there is weak evidence that population and local establishments are positively affected, and touristic local establishments and employment are negatively affected by the three NPs. All together the results indicate that the three NPs have no negative effect on the socioeconomic dynamics of the territories impacted, although additional investigations are required to shed lights to the impact mechanisms.
Epoch‐Making Changes in the Cultural Evolution of Communication: Communication technologies seen as organized hubs of skillful human activities
Authors: Kivinen Osmo , Piiroinen Tero 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper applies methodological relationalism, leaning on a pragmatist theory of action of classical Deweyan origin, supplemented among other things with Alva Noë’s enactivism, to analyze the development of communication technologies as a part of human cultural evolution. Tool‐use and technologies are understood as skillful human activities that form hubs of organized activity in developed human communities. Appreciating the quite slow pace of evolution, the article adopts, all told, a two million year time frame. Six epochs of cultural evolution are distinguished, linked to the introduction of communication tools and technologies as skillful human activities that serve the members of growing communities in the ecological niche at hand. The first two epochs arose from forms of communication serving local, small‐sized hunter‐gatherer bands; the second couple arose with technologies apt for building nation‐wide communities and culture; and the latest two have been propelled by global communication networks, having an impact on billions of people. Finally, certain peculiarities of the presently unfolding World Wide Web epoch, connected in particular to this era's exceptionally efficient behavior modification, are compared with earlier epochs.
The American put with finite‐time maturity and stochastic interest rate
Authors: Cai Cheng , De Angelis Tiziano , Palczewski Jan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study pricing of American put options on a nondividend‐paying stock in the Black and Scholes market with a stochastic interest rate and finite‐time maturity. We prove that the option value is a C1 function of the initial time, interest rate, and stock price. By means of Itô calculus, we rigorously derive the option value's early exercise premium formula and the associated hedging portfolio. We prove the existence of an optimal exercise boundary splitting the state space into continuation and stopping region. The boundary has a parametrization as a jointly continuous function of time and stock price, and it is the unique solution to an integral equation, which we compute numerically. Our results hold for a large class of interest rate models including CIR and Vasicek models. We show a numerical study of the option price and the optimal exercise boundary for Vasicek model.
Metabarcoding and applied ecology with hyperdiverse organisms: Recommendations for biological control research
Authors: Lue Chia‐Hua , Abram Paul K. , Hrcek Jan , Buffington Matthew L. , Staniczenko Phillip P. A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMetabarcoding is revolutionizing fundamental research in ecology by enabling large‐scale detection of species and producing data that are rich with community context. However, the benefits of metabarcoding have yet to be fully realized in fields of applied ecology, especially those such as classical biological control (CBC) research that involve hyperdiverse taxa. Here, we discuss some of the opportunities that metabarcoding provides CBC and solutions to the main methodological challenges that have limited the integration of metabarcoding in existing CBC workflows. We focus on insect parasitoids, which are popular and effective biological control agents (BCAs) of invasive species and agricultural pests. Accurately identifying native, invasive and BCA species is paramount, since misidentification can undermine control efforts and lead to large negative socio‐economic impacts. Unfortunately, most existing publicly accessible genetic databases cannot be used to reliably identify parasitoid species, thereby limiting the accuracy of metabarcoding in CBC research. To address this issue, we argue for the establishment of authoritative genetic databases that link metabarcoding data to taxonomically identified specimens. We further suggest using multiple genetic markers to reduce primer bias and increase taxonomic resolution. We also provide suggestions for biological control‐specific metabarcoding workflows intended to track the long‐term effectiveness of introduced BCAs. Finally, we use the example of an invasive pest, Drosophila suzukii, in a reflective “what if” thought experiment to explore the potential power of community metabarcoding in CBC.
Functional xylem characteristics associated with drought‐induced embolism in angiosperms
Authors: Lens Frederic , Gleason Sean M. , Bortolami Giovanni , Brodersen Craig , Delzon Sylvain , Jansen Steven 
Published: August 2022

SummaryHydraulic failure resulting from drought‐induced embolism in the xylem of plants is a key determinant of reduced productivity and mortality. Methods to assess this vulnerability are difficult to achieve at scale, leading to alternative metrics and correlations with more easily measured traits. These efforts have led to the longstanding and pervasive assumed mechanistic link between vessel diameter and vulnerability in angiosperms. However, there are at least two problems with this assumption that requires critical re‐evaluation: (1) our current understanding of drought‐induced embolism does not provide a mechanistic explanation why increased vessel width should lead to greater vulnerability, and (2) the most recent advancements in nanoscale embolism processes suggest that vessel diameter is not a direct driver. Here, we review data from physiological and comparative wood anatomy studies, highlighting the potential anatomical and physicochemical drivers of embolism formation and spread. We then put forward key knowledge gaps, emphasising what is known, unknown and speculation. A meaningful evaluation of the diameter–vulnerability link will require a better mechanistic understanding of the biophysical processes at the nanoscale level that determine embolism formation and spread, which will in turn lead to more accurate predictions of how water transport in plants is affected by drought.
Strategy and Efficacy of Surgery for Congenital Cervicothoracic Scoliosis with or without Hemivertebra Osteotomy
Authors: Zhang Hong‐qi , Du Yu‐xuan , Liu Jin‐yang , Deng Ang , Wu Jian‐huang , Wang Yu‐xiang , Guo Chao‐feng 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveCervicothoracic scoliosis will cause severe deformities in the early stage, and its structure is complex and the surgical methods are varied. The purpose of this research is to explore the indication and analyze the corrective effect of the two different posterior approach surgical strategies, including correction with fusion and hemivertebra osteotomy, for congenital cervicothoracic scoliosis deformities in children and adolescents.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 21 patients with cervicothoracic scoliosis who received surgical treatment from January 2010 to June 2020, including nine cases of posterior hemivertebra osteotomy and fusion surgery and 12 cases of posterior correction and fusion alone. The Cobb angle, T1 tilt angle, clavicular angle, neck tilt angle, radiographic shoulder height, sagittal vertical axis, coronal balance distance, and local kyphosis angle were measured preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the last follow‐up. Posterior approach hemivertebra resection or correction with fusion surgery was adopted based on the different individual characteristics of deformity such as main curve Cobb angle, growth potential, and flexibility. Patients were divided into two groups (osteotomy group and nonosteotomy group) according to whether a hemivertebra osteotomy was performed, and the corrective results in the two groups were compared. Paired‐sample t tests or independent‐sample t tests were used.ResultsThe median follow‐up after surgery of the 21 patients was 36 months (range, 18–72 months). The Cobb angle was corrected from 45.81° ± 14.23° preoperatively to 10.48° ± 5.56° postoperatively (correction rate, 77.78% ± 8.93%). The T1 tilt angle decreased from 15.26° ± 7.08° preoperatively to 3.33° ± 2.14° postoperatively (correction rate,73.42% ± 21.86%). The radiographic shoulder height was corrected from 1.13 ± 0.74 cm preoperatively to 0.52 ± 0.42 cm postoperatively (correction rate, 39.51% ± 35.65%). The clavicular angle improved from 2.52° ± 1.55° preoperatively to 1.16° ± 0.96° postoperatively (correction rate, 47.18% ± 35.84%). No significant differences were found at the last follow‐up (p > 0.05). The Cobb angle of the main curve, T1 tilt angle, clavicular angle, cervical tilt angle, and shoulder height difference were similar in the two groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionsPosterior approach hemivertebra resection or correction with fusion surgery can be used in the treatment of congenital cervicothoracic scoliosis with satisfactory results, and the surgeon can make an individualized surgical plan according to individual characteristics of deformity.
Combination of 5‐Fluorouracil with Photodynamic Therapy: Enhancement of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in a Murine Model of Actinic Keratosis†
Authors: Anand Sanjay , Heusinkveld Lauren E. , Cheng Cheng‐En , Lefatshe Lefatshe , De Silva Pushpamali , Hasan Tayyaba , Maytin Edward V. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe previously showed that a combination of differentiation‐inducing agents (5‐fluorouracil [5FU], vitamin D3 or methotrexate) and aminolevulinate‐based photodynamic therapy (PDT) improves clinical responses by enhancing protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) photosensitizer levels and cell death. Here, we show that in addition to its previously known effects, 5FU enhances PDT‐induced tumor‐regressing immunity. Murine actinic keratoses were treated with topical 5FU or vehicle for 3 days prior to aminolevulinic acid application, followed by blue light illumination (~417 nm). Lesions were harvested for time‐course analyses of innate immune cell recruitment into lesions, i.e. neutrophils (Ly6G+) and macrophages (F4/80+), which peaked at 72 h and 1 week post‐PDT, respectively, and were greater in 5FU‐treated lesions. Enhanced infiltration of activated T cells (CD3+) throughout the time course, and of cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) at 1–2 weeks post‐PDT, also occurred in 5FU‐treated lesions. 5FU pretreatment reduced the presence of cells expressing the immune checkpoint marker PD‐1 at ~72 h post‐PDT, favoring cytotoxic T cell activity. A combination of 5FU and PDT, each individually known to induce long‐term tumor‐targeting immune responses in addition to their more immediate effects on cancer cells, may synergize to provide better management of squamous precancers.
An autopsy case of fulminant myocarditis after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine inoculation
Authors: Satomi Hidetoshi , Katano Harutaka , Kanno Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Mikiko , Ohkuma Yukari , Hashidume Naoto , Usui Tatsuya , Tsukada Shunichi , Ito Ichiro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA 61‐year‐old woman without significant medical history developed fever 3 days after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccination and went into shock the next day. She was negative for SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA in real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Finally, she died 10 days after vaccination. At autopsy, the heart showed moderate dilatation of both ventricles, and the myocardium showed an uneven color change and decreased elasticity. Histologically, severe myocarditis with extensive myocytolysis was observed. The myocarditis showed severe inflammatory cell infiltration with T‐lymphocyte and macrophage predominance, and in addition to the inflammatory cells described above, vast nuclear dust accompanying neutrophilic infiltration was observed. In the bone marrow and lymph nodes, hemophagocytosis was observed. In postmortem examination, nucleic acids of any cardiotropic viruses including SARS‐CoV‐2 were not detected using multivirus real‐time PCR system. We discussed the relationship between the possible immune reaction after vaccination and the myocarditis observed in this case from immunopathological viewpoints. This mRNA vaccine is the first applied nucleic acid vaccine for humans, and its mechanism of efficacy and immune acquisition remain unclear. We hope the accumulation of more detailed analyses of the similar cases to reveal the mechanism of this kind of adverse reaction.
Early coronavirus disease 2019 restrictive measures and changes in maternal characteristics, use of assisted reproductive technology, and stillbirth
Authors: Lisonkova Sarka , Bone Jeffrey N. , Muraca Giulia M. , Razaz Neda , Boutin Amelie , Brandt Justin S. , Bedaiwy Mohamed A. , Ananth Cande V. , Joseph K. S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe initial COVID‐19 pandemic response−related effects on conceptions following the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), and on changes in the maternal characteristics of women who conceived during the early vs. pre‐pandemic period, have been understudied.ObjectivesTo examine the effects of ART clinic closures in the United States (US) in March 2020 on the frequency of ART‐conceived live births, multiple births and stillbirths; and to describe changes in the characteristics of women who conceived in the early pandemic period.MethodsPopulation‐based cohort study including all births in the US from January 2015 to December 2020 (22,907,688 live births; 134,537 stillbirths). Interrupted time series (ITS) methodology was used to estimate rate ratios (RR) of expected versus observed rates in December 2020 (i.e., among births conceived mainly in March 2020). Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between mothers who conceived in March 2020 versus March 2015–2019.ResultsOverall, 1.1% of live births and 1.7% of stillbirths were conceived by ART. ART‐conceived live births decreased by 57.0% in December 2020 (observed vs. expected RR 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40, 0.45), and these declines occurred in all subgroups of women. Multiple births also declined in December 2020. Stillbirth rates increased in December 2020 in ART‐conceived births (RR 2.55, 95% CI 1.63, 3.92) but remained unchanged in the non‐ART group. Maternal characteristics of women who conceived in the early pandemic versus pre‐pandemic period differed and included an increased prevalence of pre‐pregnancy obesity class 3 and chronic hypertension.ConclusionsThe early pandemic closure of ART clinics resulted in a substantial decline in ART‐conceived live births and multiple births in December 2020 and an increase in the proportion of stillbirths among ART‐conceived births. Women who conceived in the early pandemic period also had an increased prevalence of obesity and chronic hypertension.
Thermal biology of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum): General insights for aquaculture in a changing world
Authors: Amanajás Renan Diego , Val Adalberto Luis 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, we review the state of the knowledge regarding the thermal biology of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) with emphasis on reproductive, zootechnical, metabolic, physiological and molecular aspects, which may direct paths for new research. We observed an optimal range for performance of the species, since it grows and reproduces well between 25 and 32°C, though does not tolerate temperatures below 23°C. Temperatures above 30°C cause disturbances in the processes of reproduction and development of embryos and larvae of tambaqui. Its metabolism is influenced by the size of the animal, with greater oxygen consumption in smaller animals and at higher temperatures. Haematology is one of the most often investigated fields and shows an elevation of the analysed blood parameters according to elevation in temperature, which, above 35°C, seems to be harmful to animals. However, studies are needed that examine the relationships between temperature and nutritional aspects (protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism), the cellular responses, the relationship with other environmental parameters (pH, oxygen, dissolved organic carbon), pollutants, ionic regulation and excretion, aerobic metabolism, growth and reproduction under warm conditions (>32°C; +60 days). There is also the need to determine the thermal limits of the species as a function of different acclimation temperatures.