bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hologenomic insights into mammalian adaptations to myrmecophagy
Authors: Cheng Shao-Chen , Liu Chun-Bing , Yao Xue-Qin , Hu Jing-Yang , Yin Ting-Ting , Lim Burton K , Chen Wu , Wang Guo-Dong , Zhang Cheng-Lin , Irwin David M , Zhang Zhi-Gang , Zhang Ya-Ping , Yu Li 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHighly specialized myrmecophagy (ant- and termite-eating) has independently evolved multiple times in species of various mammalian orders and represents a textbook example of phenotypic evolutionary convergence. We explored the mechanisms involved in this unique dietary adaptation and convergence through multi-omic analyses, including analyses of host genomes and transcriptomes, as well as gut metagenomes, in combination with validating assays of key enzymes’ activities, in the species of three mammalian orders (anteaters, echidnas and pangolins of the orders Xenarthra, Monotremata and Pholidota, respectively) and their relatives. We demonstrate the complex and diverse interactions between hosts and their symbiotic microbiota that have provided adaptive solutions for nutritional and detoxification challenges associated with high levels of protein and lipid metabolisms, trehalose degradation, and toxic substance detoxification. Interestingly, we also reveal their spatially complementary cooperation involved in degradation of ants’ and termites’ chitin exoskeletons. This study contributes new insights into the dietary evolution of mammals and the mechanisms involved in the coordination of physiological functions by animal hosts and their gut commensals.
Collider bias and the obesity paradox
Authors: Horita Nobuyuki , Kato Shingo , Utsunomiya Daisuke 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Obesity paradoxes have been reported in many diseases to date. As the wording “paradox” indicates, our intuition rejects the hypothesis that obese people have a better life expectancy or fewer cardiovascular events. One of the most plausible explanations for the obesity paradox is collider bias, but controversy about this is ongoing. If the findings of the original research are affected by collider bias, meta-analyses of that research will also be affected by the same bias. It is to be hoped that the use of appropriate analytical techniques will enable the true nature of the obesity bias to become clear.
Constitutional Reform by Legal Transplantation: The United Kingdom Internal Market Act 2020
Authors: Horsley Thomas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article develops the comparative law framework on legal transplantation to theorise the impact of the United Kingdom Internal Market Act 2020 (UKIMA) on the UK constitution across three registers of analysis—the territorial, the material and the conceptual. It arrives at three conclusions. First, in relation to the territorial constitution, this article argues that the UKIMA introduces something transformative: the concept of an internal market as a shared regulatory space that cuts across the respective competences of the UK and devolved legislatures. Secondly, the legal transplant framework points to the introduction of a powerful commitment to the principles of a liberal market economy as the basis of the UK’s material constitution. Finally, regarding the conceptual constitution, this article concludes that the UKIMA effects a qualitative change to established patterns of judicial review through its co-opting of courts as agents to secure the foundations of the newly recast material constitution.
How do policy approaches affect refugee economic outcomes? Insights from studies of Syrian refugees in Jordan and Lebanon
Authors: Krafft Caroline , Malaeb Bilal , Al Zoubi Saja 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The vast majority of refugees globally are hosted in developing countries. In Jordan and Lebanon, nearly one in ten people are refugees. This paper reviews how different policy environments in Jordan and Lebanon have shaped economic outcomes for Syrian refugees, focusing on education, work, social assistance, and welfare outcomes. The review summarizes key research on how to improve refugee economic outcomes. We demonstrate that there can be effective service delivery for refugees, dependent on state capacity. For example, differences in policy led to better education outcomes for Syrian refugees in Jordan than in Lebanon. A variety of interventions can support refugee livelihoods, while generally doing no harm to host communities. Both countries also demonstrate the difficulties of achieving refugee economic self-sufficiency. Although Jordan has allowed (limited) legal work opportunities for refugees, Syrian refugees in both countries remain primarily in precarious work and supported by international aid.
The DC1 Domain Protein BINUCLEATE POLLEN is Required for POLLEN Development in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Arias Leonardo A , D’Ippolito Sebastián , Frik Jésica , Amigo Natalia L , Marchetti Fernanda , Casalongué Claudia A , Pagnussat Gabriela C , Fiol Diego F 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The development of the male gametophyte is a tightly regulated process that requires the precise control of cell division and gene expression. A relevant aspect to understand the events underlying pollen development regulation constitutes the identification and characterization of the genes required for this process. In this work, we showed that the DC1 domain protein BINUCLEATE POLLEN (BNP) is essential for pollen development and germination. Pollen grains carrying a defective BNP alleles failed to complete mitosis II and exhibited impaired pollen germination. By yeast two-hybrid analysis and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, we identified a set of BNP-interacting proteins. Among confirmed interactors, we found the NAC family transcriptional regulators Vascular Plant One-Zinc Finger 1 (VOZ1) and VOZ2. VOZ1 localization changes during pollen development, moving to the vegetative nucleus at the tricellular stage. We observed that this relocalization requires BNP; in the absence of BNP in pollen from bnp/BNP plants, VOZ1 nuclear localization is impaired. As the voz1voz2 double mutants showed the same developmental defect observed in bnp pollen grains, we propose that BNP requirement to complete microgametogenesis could be linked to its interaction with VOZ1/2 proteins. BNP could have the role of a scaffold protein, recruiting VOZ1/2 to the endosomal system into assemblies that are required for their further translocation to the nucleus, where they act as transcriptional regulators.
Mysterious ciliates: seasonally recurrent and yet hard to predict
Authors: Kath Nadja J , Thomas Mridul K , Gaedke Ursula 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ciliates represent a crucial link between phytoplankton and bacteria and mesozooplankton in pelagic food webs, but little is known about the processes influencing the dynamics of individual species. Using long-term, high-frequency observations, we compared the diversity and the temporal variability in biomass and species composition of the ciliate community in large, deep, mesotrophic Lake Constance to that of the phytoplankton and rotifer communities in the same lake. Furthermore, we used boosted regression trees to evaluate possible environmental predictors (temperature, three prey groups, four predator/competitor groups) influencing ciliate net growth. The biomass of all ciliate species showed a common, recurrent seasonal pattern, often with peaks in spring and summer. The ciliate community was more diverse than the rotifer community, exhibited highly synchronous dynamics and its species were regularly encountered during the season. The top-down control by copepods likely contributes to the ciliates’ synchronized decline prior to the clear-water phase when food concentration is still high. The high temporal autocorrelation of the ciliate biomasses together with the inter-annual recurrent seasonal patterns and the low explanatory power of the environmental predictors suggest that the dynamics of individual ciliate species are strictly controlled, yet it remains difficult to determine the responsible factors.
Seroconversion after a third COVID-19 vaccine is affected by rituximab dose but persistence is not in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: van der Togt Céleste J T , Ten Cate David F , van den Bemt Bart J F , Rahamat-Langendoen Janette , den Broeder Nathan , den Broeder Alfons A 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesIn patients with RA treated with (ultra-)low-dose rituximab (RTX), we investigated the association of dosing and timing of RTX on seroconversion after a third coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and the persistence of humoral response after a two-dose vaccination.Material and methodsIn this monocentre observational study, patients from the COVAC cohort were included in the third vaccine analysis if humoral response was obtained 2–6 weeks after a third vaccination in previous non-responders and in the persistence analysis if a follow-up humoral response was obtained before a third vaccination in previous responders. Dichotomization between positive and negative response was based on the assay cut-off. The association between the latest RTX dose before first vaccination, timing between the latest RTX dose and vaccination and response was analysed with univariable logistic regression.ResultsOf the 196 patients in the cohort, 98 were included in the third vaccine analysis and 23 in the persistence analysis. Third vaccination response was 19/98 (19%) and was higher for 200 mg RTX users [5/13 (38%)] than for 500 and 1000 mg users [7/37 (19%) and 7/48 (15%), respectively]. Non-significant trends were seen for higher response with lower dosing [200 vs 1000 mg: odds ratio (OR) 3.66 (95% CI 0.93, 14.0)] and later timing [per month since infusion: OR 1.16 (95% CI 0.97, 1.35)]. Humoral response persisted in 96% (22/23) and 89% (8/9) of patients who received RTX between the two measurements.ConclusionsRepeated vaccination as late as possible after the lowest RTX dose possible seems the best vaccination strategy. A once positive humoral response after COVID-19 vaccination persists irrespective of intercurrent RTX infusion.Study registration. Netherlands Trial Registry (https://www.trialregister.nl/), NL9342.
Ameliorative impact of herbal formulation —Majoon-Dabeed-ul-ward and Sharbat-e-Deenar against CCl4 induced liver toxicity via regulation of antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress
Authors: Shakya Arvind Kumar , Sharma Neetu , Bhadauria Monika , Nirala Satendra Kumar , Shrivastava Sadhana , Shukla Sangeeta 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Polyherbal Unani formulations have been used in the treatment of liver diseases for a long time. (Ibrahim M, Khaja MN, Aara A, Khan AA, Habeeb MA, Devi YP, Narasu ML, Habibullah CM. Hepatoprotective activity of Sapindus mukorossi and Rheum emodi extracts: in vitro and in vivo studies. World J Gastroenterol. 2008:14:2566–2571.) The aim of the present study was to investigate comparative hepatoprotective potential of Majoon-e-Dabeed-ul-ward (MD) and Sharbat-e-Deenar (SD) against CCl4 induced subchronic hepatic toxicity. In vivo study, albino rats were divided into 5 groups. Group I was control; Group II was experimental control treated with CCl4 (0.15 mL/kg, i.p. for 21 days); Groups III–IV treated with SD (2 mL/kg, p.o.) and MD (1,000 mg/kg, p.o.) for 5 days following CCl4 intoxication as in group 2 respectively; and Group V was positive control treated with silymarin (50 mg/kg, p.o.). In vitro hepatoprotective activity of SD and MD (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) was assessed by SRB assay and flow cytometry analysis. CCl4 exposure significantly elevated the release of hepatic enzymes i.e. AST, ALT, LDH, and SALP in serum and lipid peroxidation in liver tissue which all these parameters were reversed after SD and MD administration. Therapy for 5 days also normalized the levels of antioxidant enzymes i.e. catalase, SOD, GPx, GR, tissue GSH, and aniline hydroxylase in CCl4 treated group. DNA damage and histological alterations caused by CCl4 were restored towards normal group. In vitro study showed protective effect of SD and MD against CCl4 treated HepG2 cell lines and rat hepatocytes. The results suggested that MD has a significant hepatoprotective potential and regulatory effect on oxidative stress than SD against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity, and that this effect may be related to its antioxidant activity.
Silica exposure activates non-canonical inflammasome complex in intratracheal instilled rat model
Authors: Niu Yingmei , Yang Shuangli , Hu Xiumei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Inhalation of silica crystals in occupational settings is a main cause of silicosis, a chronic irreversible pulmonary disorder. Our prior studies demonstrated the activation of inflammasome sensors AIM2 and NLRP3, effector protein caspase-1, and significant increase in IL-1β in silica exposed rats, suggesting that the canonical inflammasome activation may be associated with silica-induced tissue damage and inflammation.

Aims and Methods
In our current study using the same animal model system, we further evaluated the components of non-canonical inflammasome, including NEK7, caspase-11, and GSDMD following silica exposure.

Results
We demonstrated sustained NEK7 elevation in the rat lung epithelial cells and macrophages following 1- and 3-day exposure. Enhanced NEK7 expression was also detected in lung homogenate by western blot. Similarly, caspase-11 expression was induced by silica exposure in lung sections and homogenate. Elevated GSDMD was observed both in lung sections by immunohistochemical staining and in lung tissue homogenate by western blot.

Conclusion
In summary, our current study demonstrated increase in NEK7, caspase-11, and GSDMD in silica exposed rats, indicating activation of non-canonical inflammasome complex, thereby providing a broad inflammasome activation pathway caused by silica exposure.
Technical Trick: Supplemental Medial Column Screw Fixation of Distal Femur Fractures Treated With a Laterally Based Locked Plate
Authors: Chen Stephen R. , Shaikh Humza , Turvey Blake R. , Moloney Gele B. 
Published: August 2022

Summary:
Given known failure rates after lateral plating of distal femur fractures, there is an increasing interest in augmenting fixation to improve outcomes. The addition of medial plates or intramedullary nails have been described with promising results, decreasing nonunion and varus collapse rates. However, the use of dual implants increases implant costs, adds surgical complexity, and requires a second surgical approach that may increase morbidity. A supplemental, percutaneously placed, medial column screw may provide a less invasive means of improving stability and achieving fracture union compared with lateral plating alone.
Feeding challenges in the newborn with congenital heart disease
Authors: Ravishankar Chitra 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
Feeding challenges and growth failure are lifelong issues for infants with congenital heart disease. The purpose of this review is to summarize the literature on the topic from North America.

Recent findings
Despite recognition of feeding challenges and ongoing national collaboration, >50% of infants with univentricular physiology continue to require supplemental tube feeds at the time of discharge from neonatal surgery. Preoperative feeding is now commonly used in prostaglandin dependent neonates with congenital heart disease. The value of a structured nutritional program with establishment of best practices in nutrition is well recognized in the current era. Despite implementation of these best practices, neonates undergoing cardiac surgery continue to struggle with weight gain prior to discharge. This suggests that there is more to growth than provision of adequate nutrition alone.

Summary
The National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative continues to play a major role in optimizing nutrition in infants with congenital heart disease. This among other registries underscores the importance of collaboration in improving overall outcomes for children with congenital heart disease. Nurses should be encouraged to lead both clinical and research efforts to overcome feeding challenges encountered by these children.
Identification of early-induced broadly neutralizing activities against transmitted founder HIV strains
Authors: Lucas Julie , Lin Li-Yun , Paul Nicodème , Laumond Géraldine , Klingler Jéromine , Schmidt Sylvie , Frappier Julia , Essat Asma , Meyer Laurence , Gordon Alicia Castro , Goujard C.é.cile , Bahram Seiamak , Moog Christiane 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:
Broadly neutralizing antibodies have been proposed as key actors for HIV vaccine development. However, they display features of highly matured antibodies, hampering their induction by vaccination. As protective broadly neutralizing antibodies should be induced rapidly after vaccination and should neutralize the early-transmitted founder (T/F) viruses, we searched whether such antibodies may be induced following HIV infection.

Design:
Sera were collected during acute infection (Day 0) and at viral set point (Month 6/12) and the neutralizing activity against T/F strains was investigated. Neutralizing activity in sera collected from chronic progressor was analyzed in parallel.

Methods:
We compared neutralizing activity against T/F strains with neutralizing activity against non-T/F strains using the conventional TZM-bL neutralizing assay.

Results:
We found neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) preferentially directed against T/F viruses in sera collected shortly after infection. This humoral response evolved by shifting to nAbs directed against non-T/F strains.

Conclusion:
Although features associated with nAbs directed against T/F viruses need further investigations, these early-induced nAbs may display lesser maturation characteristics; therefore, this might increase their interest for future vaccine designs.
Recent abacavir use and incident cardiovascular disease in contemporary-treated people with HIV
Authors: Jaschinski Nadine , Greenberg Lauren , Neesgaard Bastian , Miró Jose M. , Grabmeier-Pfistershammer Katharina , Wandeler Gilles , Smith Colette , De Wit Stéphane , Wit Ferdinand , Pelchen-Matthews Annegret , Mussini Cristina , Castagna Antonella , Pradier Christian , d’Arminio Monforte Antonella , Vehreschild Jörg , Sönnerborg Anders , Anne Alain V. , Carr Andrew , Bansi-Matharu Loveleen , Lundgren Jens , Garges Harmony , Rogatto Felipe , Zangerle Robert , Günthard Huldrych F. , Rasmussen Line D. , Nescoi Coca , Van Der Valk Marc , Menozzi Marianna , Muccini Camilla , Mocroft Amanda , Peters Lars , Ryom Lene 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
Assessing whether the previously reported association between abacavir (ABC) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remained amongst contemporarily treated people with HIV.

Design:
Multinational cohort collaboration.

Methods:
RESPOND participants were followed from the latest of 1 January 2012 or cohort enrolment until the first of a CVD event (myocardial infarction, stroke, invasive cardiovascular procedure), last follow-up or 31 December 2019. Logistic regression examined the odds of starting ABC by 5-year CVD or chronic kidney disease (CKD) D:A:D risk score. We assessed associations between recent ABC use (use within the past 6 months) and risk of CVD with negative binomial regression models, adjusted for potential confounders.

Results:
Of 29 340 individuals, 34% recently used ABC. Compared with those at low estimated CVD and CKD risks, the odds of starting ABC were significantly higher among individuals at high CKD risk [odds ratio 1.12 (95% confidence interval = 1.04–1.21)] and significantly lower for individuals at moderate, high or very high CVD risk [0.80 (0.72–0.88), 0.75 (0.64–0.87), 0.71 (0.56–0.90), respectively]. During 6.2 years of median follow-up (interquartile range; 3.87–7.52), there were 748 CVD events (incidence rate 4.7 of 1000 persons-years of follow up (4.3–5.0)]. The adjusted CVD incidence rate ratio was higher for individuals with recent ABC use [1.40 (1.20–1.64)] compared with individuals without, consistent across sensitivity analyses. The association did not differ according to estimated CVD (interaction P = 0.56) or CKD (P = 0.98) risk strata.

Conclusion:
Within RESPOND's contemporarily treated population, a significant association between CVD incidence and recent ABC use was confirmed and not explained by preferential ABC use in individuals at increased CVD or CKD risk.
Speech Symptoms of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency and the Incidence of Secondary Speech Surgery in 10-Year-Old Children With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: Comparison of 2 Randomized Surgical Methods for Primary Palatal Surgery
Authors: Alaluusua Suvi , Hölttä Elina , Saarikko Anne , Geneid Ahmed , Leikola Junnu , Heliövaara Arja 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
To compare speech symptoms of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) and incidence of secondary speech surgery in 10-year-old Finnish children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) following primary palatal surgery using 2 surgical methods.

Design:
Single center analysis within the Scandcleft multicenter randomized controlled trial of primary surgery for UCLP.

Materials and Methods:
Patients comprised 79 nonsyndromic 10-year-old children with UCLP. Two randomized surgical methods were used in the primary palatal surgery: soft palate closure at 4 months and hard palate closure at 12 months (Arm A) and closure of both the soft and hard palate at 12 months (Arm C). Speech symptoms of VPI were analyzed from standardized video recordings by 2 experienced speech pathologists. The incidences of surgery for correcting VPI, fistula closure, and speech therapy were evaluated retrospectively from patient records.

Results:
No differences in speech symptoms of VPI, need for VPI surgery or speech therapy were found between the surgical methods. Of all 79 children, 33% had had VPI surgery and 61% had speech therapy. The number of fistulas was significantly higher in Arm A (25%) than in Arm C (2%). Moderate to severe speech symptoms of VPI (hypernasality, continuous nasal air leakage, weak pressure consonants, and/or compensatory articulation) were found in 11% of the children.

Conclusion:
No differences were present between groups in speech symptoms of VPI or need for VPI surgery or speech therapy between the 2 surgical methods. One third of the children had undergone VPI surgery. Most of the children (89%) had good or relatively good speech.
Actinomadura spongiicola sp. nov., isolated from the marine sponge Leucetta chagosensis
Authors: Qin Qi , Jiang Lin , Zhang Die , Li Lei , Lin Hou-wen 
Published: August 2022

A novel actinomycete strain, named LHW52907T, was isolated from a marine sponge (Leucetta chagosensis) collected in the South China Sea. The strain developed branched mycelia without fragmentation and short spore chains in hook-and- spiral form with wrinkled surfaces, bearing no more 10 spores. The cell-wall hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The sugars in whole-cell hydrolysates consisted of mannose, ribose, glucose, galactose and madurose. The major fatty acids of the strain were C16 : 0, C17 : 0 and C18 : 1
ω9c. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H6). The strain had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.72 % to

Actinomadura pelletieri

DSM 43383T. However, the average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization values between them were 93.6 and 52.6 %, respectively, readily distinguishing them as two different species. The results indicate that strain LHW52907T represents a novel species of the genus

Actinomadura

, for which we propose the name Actinomadura spongiicola sp. nov, with the type strain LHW52907T (=DSM 106571T=CGMCC 4.7596T).