bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population genetic structure of Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma haematobium × Schistosoma bovis hybrids among school-aged children in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Angora Etienne K. , Vangraefschepe Alexane , Allienne Jean-François , Menan Hervé , Coulibaly Jean T. , Meïté Aboulaye , Raso Giovanna , Winkler Mirko S. , Yavo William , Touré André O. , N’Goran Eliézer K. , Zinsstag Jakob , Utzinger Jürg , Balmer Oliver , Boissier Jérôme 
Published: May 2022

While population genetics of Schistosoma haematobium have been investigated in West Africa, only scant data are available from Côte d’Ivoire. The purpose of this study was to analyze both genetic variability and genetic structure among S. haematobium populations and to quantify the frequency of S. haematobium × S. bovis hybrids in school-aged children in different parts of Côte d’Ivoire. Urine samples were subjected to a filtration method and examined microscopically for Schistosoma eggs in four sites in the western and southern parts of Côte d’Ivoire. A total of 2692 miracidia were collected individually and stored on Whatman® FTA cards. Of these, 2561 miracidia were successfully genotyped for species and hybrid identification using rapid diagnostic multiplex mitochondrial cox1 PCR and PCR Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the nuclear ITS2 region. From 2164 miracidia, 1966 (90.9%) were successfully genotyped using at least 10 nuclear microsatellite loci to investigate genetic diversity and population structure. Significant differences were found between sites in all genetic diversity indices and genotypic differentiation was observed between the site in the West and the three sites in the East. Analysis at the infrapopulation level revealed clustering of parasite genotypes within individual children, particularly in Duekoué (West) and Sikensi (East). Of the six possible cox1-ITS2 genetic profiles obtained from miracidia, S. bovis cox1 × S. haematobium ITS2 (42.0%) was the most commonly observed in the populations. We identified only 15 miracidia (0.7%) with an S. bovis cox1 × S. bovis ITS2 genotype. Our study provides new insights into the population genetics of S. haematobium and S. haematobium × S. bovis hybrids in humans in Côte d’Ivoire and we advocate for researching hybrid schistosomes in animals such as rodents and cattle in Côte d’Ivoire.
Global multi-period performance evaluation – New model and productivity index
Authors: Moghaddas Zohreh , Oukil Amar , Vaez-Ghasemi Mohsen 
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we introduce a novel multi-period data envelopment analysis (MDEA) model that attempts to circumvent the limitations of the existing MDEA models. The proposed global MDEA model is essentially based on major modifications of fundamental DEA axioms to enable a decision making unit (DMU), defined with inputs and outputs of period t, to be evaluated within the production possibility set (PPS) of another period l, t ≠ l. Building on the properties of the global MDEA model, we also introduce a global productivity index, identified as Global Progress and Regress index (GPRI), that render possible the evaluation of a DMU’s extent of progress or regress over multi-period time horizons under variable returns to scale (VRS) production technologies. This lifts the restrictions to two successive periods and constant returns to scale (CRS) of existing productivity indices. The most salient features of the new MDEA model as well as the GPRI are highlighted using an application that involves a real-life sample of 25 bank branches considered over 4 years.
Wickenvergiftung in einem bayerischen Rinderbestand
Authors: Breuer Wolfram , Hafner-Marx Angela , Pfitzner Annette , Riehm Julia , Neubauer-Juric Antonie 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungIn einem Bestand von 40 Kühen der Rasse Holstein-Friesian waren 6 Tiere durch Pruritus, Fieber und Hautläsionen aufgefallen. Bei der pathomorphologischen Untersuchung von 3 Tieren wurde eine multisystemische granulomatöse Entzündung unter Beteiligung multinukleärer Riesenzellen festgestellt. Der Gehalt an Wicken im verwendeten Futter und die charakteristische Histologie führten zur Diagnose einer Wickenvergiftung.
Persistent contamination of a duodenoscope working channel in a non-clinical simulated ERCP setting
Authors: Bruno Marco J. , Vos Margreet C. , Kwakman Judith A. , Bexkens Michiel L. 
Published: May 2022

Background To mitigate duodenoscope contamination, recent design enhancements have primarily focused on the distal tip. However, the working channels remain unchanged, which may be linked to biofilm formation. We assessed the persistence of microorganisms, indicative of biofilm formation, in reprocessed duodenoscopes in a non-clinical endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) simulation setting.
Methods Three new duodenoscopes were over-soiled in non-clinical ERCP simulations followed by reprocessing. After 40 tests, the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain in the soil (Pa-type 1) was switched to a different P. aeruginosa strain (Pa-type 2) for 20 subsequent tests. Cultures of the tip and working channel were acquired after high level disinfection and overnight storage.
Results One duodenoscope showed persistent growth of P. aeruginosa from the fifth test until the end of the study. Pa-type 1 remained present until the end of the study in the cultures of this duodenoscope, even after discontinuation of exposure to that specific strain. The other two duodenoscopes only showed incidental contamination.
Conclusion Persistent contamination by Pa-type 1 was seen in one out of three duodenoscopes after exposure to supraphysiological levels of gut microorganisms. No clear explanation was found for this persistent contamination as exposure and handling were identical and no abnormalities of this particular duodenoscope were identified by borescope inspection.
Aorto-Left Ventricular Tunnel – Prenatal Diagnosis and Outcome
Authors: Weber Eva Christin , Recker Florian , Herberg Ulrike , Oberhoffer Renate , Kurkevych Andrii , Axt-Fliedner Roland , Geipel Annegret , Gembruch Ulrich , Berg Christoph , Gottschalk Ingo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose Aorto-left ventricular tunnel (ALVT) is an extremely rare, albeit prenatally detectable, extracardiac channel that connects the ascending aorta to the cavity of the left ventricle.
Materials and Methods All ALVTs diagnosed prenatally (2006–2020) in five tertiary referral centers were retrospectively assessed for prenatal ultrasound findings, intrauterine course, postnatal outcome, and surgical treatment. We focused on the size of the tunnel and alterations of perfusion of the left ventricular outflow tract and aortic arch.
Results 11 fetuses were diagnosed with ALVT at a mean gestational age of 24.8 weeks. All cases were associated with severe dilatation of the left ventricle and a to-and-fro flow in the left outflow tract. Signs of congestive heart failure were present in five fetuses, four of which were terminated and one of which died in the neonatal period. One fetus died in utero at 34 weeks without prior signs of cardiac failure. Of the five survivors, two underwent the Ross procedure. In both cases the prenatal left ventricular outflow was exclusively via a large tunnel. The remaining three neonates underwent patch closure of the tunnel. In these cases, the prenatal outflow of the left ventricle was via the aortic valve and simultaneously over the tunnel.
Conclusion Prenatal diagnosis of ALVT should be considered in the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy, dilatation of the aortic root, and to-and-fro flow in the aortic outflow tract. Signs of heart failure are associated with an unfavorable outcome. Large tunnels, particularly in combination with the absence of flow over the aortic valve, may be an unfavorable predictor of surgical repair.
Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Stroke in a 2-Month-Old Patient and Review of the Literature in Infancy
Authors: Rodríguez-López Alberto , Gimeno Isabel , Vila Sara , Seoane Andrea , Ballenilla Federico , Ramos Ana , Hilario Amaya , Núñez Noemí , Camacho Ana , Simón Rogelio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMechanical thrombectomy (MT) in pediatric stroke is supported by studies in adults, but there is controversy regarding younger patients. The main growth of intracranial vessels occurs up to 2 years when there can be more difficulties in MT.Description of the MT performed in a 2-month-old patient—the youngest infant published to date. We also review the literature on MT for stroke in infants.A 2-month-old patient presented with an awakening stroke secondary to an occlusion of the M1 segment of the left middle cerebral artery. A successful MT was performed with an aspiration device without clinically significant complications. An etiological study was completed, and neuroimaging showed focal cerebral arteriopathy. The 3-month outcome was excellent: the pediatric modified Rankin score was 0.Including this case, MT for acute stroke has been reported in only 10 infants. MT was successful in 90%, mostly using adult conventional stent retrievers. There were complications only in patients with mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices; three patients died due to hemorrhagic transformation after MT and one patient died due to recurrent ischemic stroke.MT seems effective and safe in infants similarly to other pediatric ages. In children under 2 years of age, the presence of comorbidities requiring MCS devices is the main factor underlying poor prognosis.
National Trends in Survival and Short-Term Outcomes of Periviable Births ≤24 Weeks Gestation in the United States, 2009 to 2018
Authors: Doshi Harshit , Shukla Samarth , Patel Shalinkumar , Cudjoe Grace Annan , Boakye Wendy , Parmar Narendrasinh , Bhatt Parth , Dapaah-Siakwan Fredrick , Donda Keyur 
Published: May 2022

Objective Data from the academic medical centers in the United States showing improvements in survival of periviable infants born at 22 to 24 weeks GA may not be nationally representative since a substantial proportion of preterm infants are cared for in community hospital-based neonatal intensive care units. Our objective was to examine the national trends in survival and other short-term outcomes among preterm infants born at ≤24 weeks gestational age (GA) in the United States from 2009 to 2018.
Study Design This was a retrospective, repeated cross-sectional analysis of the National Inpatient Sample for preterm infants ≤24 weeks GA. The primary outcome was the trends in survival to discharge. Secondary outcomes were the trends in the composite outcome of death or one or more major morbidity (bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis stage ≥2, periventricular leukomalacia, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, and severe retinopathy of prematurity). The Cochran–Armitage trend test was used for trend analysis. p-Value <0.05 was considered significant.
Results Among 71,854 infants born at ≤24 weeks GA, 34,251 (47.6%) survived less than 1 day and were excluded. Almost 93% of those who survived <1 day were of ≤23 weeks GA. Among the 37,603 infants included in the study cohort, 48.1% were born at 24 weeks GA. Survival to discharge at GA ≤ 23 weeks increased from 29.6% in 2009 to 41.7% in 2018 (p < 0.001), while survival to discharge at GA 24 weeks increased from 58.3 to 65.9% (p < 0.001). There was a significant decline in the secondary outcomes among all the periviable infants who survived ≥1 day of life.
Conclusion Survival to discharge among preterm infants ≤24 weeks GA significantly increased, while death or major morbidities significantly decreased from 2009 to 2018. The postdischarge survival, health care resource use, and long neurodevelopmental outcomes of these infants need further investigation.
Key Points
Comparison of Arthroscopy versus Open Arthrotomy for Treatment of Septic Arthritis of the Native Knee: Analysis of 90-Day Postoperative Complications
Authors: Dobek Alexander , Cohen Jordan , Ramamurti Pradip , Gu Alex , Golladay Gregory J. , Doerre Teresa , Thakkar Savyasachi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSeptic arthritis is an orthopaedic emergency, often necessitating surgical debridement, and the knee joint is most frequently affected. Arthroscopic and open irrigation and debridement (I&D) are the two commonest surgical treatments for septic arthritis of the native knee. Several studies have compared outcomes of open and arthroscopic management without coming to a clear conclusion which yields superior outcomes. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of these two surgical techniques to treat septic arthritis of the native knee using a large nationwide database. Patients who underwent arthroscopic or open I&D as treatment for knee septic arthritis from 2010 to 2019 were identified using a national insurance database. The primary outcome was the 90-day reoperation rate. Secondary outcomes included surgical site infection, readmission, and other postoperative complications. A total of 1,139 patients were identified, 618 of whom (54%) underwent open treatment and 521 (46%) underwent arthroscopic treatment. The two groups did not differ significantly by age, gender, or most comorbidities. There was no significant difference in 90-day reoperation rate between the groups (15.0.% open and 18.0% arthroscopic, p = 0.174). Patients who underwent open treatment had increased odds of readmission to the hospital (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46 [1.14–1.86]; p = 0.003), postoperative anemia (OR = 1.71 [1.08–2.75]; p = 0.025), and blood transfusion (OR = 1.76 [1.04–3.06]; p = 0.040) compared with those who underwent arthroscopic surgery. Using administrative claims data, we found that arthroscopic and open I&D have similar rates of reoperation and most 90-day postoperative outcomes. Lower rates of readmission, postoperative anemia, and blood transfusion were found with arthroscopic I&D, suggesting that arthroscopy may be preferable to open treatment in the management of septic arthritis of the native knee in cases in which other case- and surgeon-specific factors do not otherwise dictate the best treatment modality.
COVID-19 Vaccinations in Pregnancy: Comparative Evaluation of Acute Side Effects and Self-Reported Impact on Quality of Life between Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women in the United States
Authors: Brinkley Emma , Mack Christina DeFilippo , Albert Lisa , Knuth Kendall , Reynolds Matthew W. , Toovey Stephen , Dreyer Nancy A. 
Published: May 2022

Objective The objective of this study was to describe the acute side effects experienced by pregnant women who received a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in the United States and to compare their experience to nonpregnant women of similar age.
Study Design Adults who received a COVID-19 vaccine in the United States were invited via social media to enroll in an online, longitudinal, community-based registry (
www.helpstopCOVID19.com
). Participants self-reported pregnancy status, vaccination dates, manufacturer, acute side effects, impact on work and self-care, medical consultation, and hospitalization. This analysis was restricted to women aged 20 to 39 at the time of vaccination. Side effects reported by pregnant women were compared to those reported by nonpregnant women.
Results This analysis included 946 pregnant women, with 572 (60%) receiving at least one dose of Pfizer, 321 (34%) Moderna, and 53 (6%) J&J, and 1,178 nonpregnant women. Demographic and medical history were similar across manufacturers for both cohorts.Overall, pregnant women reported similar side effects as nonpregnant women, with the most common being injection site reactions (83 vs. 87%), fatigue (72 vs.78%), and headache (45 vs. 59%). Pregnant women reported fewer side effects (median: 3 vs. 4, respectively). In both cohorts, very few reported seeking medical care (<5%) or being hospitalized (<0.3%) after vaccination. Fewer pregnant women reported working less after vaccination than nonpregnant women (32 vs. 40%) or trouble with self-care (32 vs. 46%), respectively.
Conclusion Pregnant women reported similar COVID-19 vaccine side effects as nonpregnant women, although fewer total side effects; pregnant women judged these side effects to have less impact on work and self-care. While these results do not address pregnancy outcomes or long-term effects, findings about acute side effects and impact offer reassurance for all three vaccines in terms of tolerability.
Key Points
Modeling methane dynamics in three wetlands in Northeastern China by using the CLM-Microbe model
Authors: Zuo Yunjiang , Wang Yihui , He Liyuan , Wang Nannan , Liu Jianzhao , Yuan Fenghui , Li Kexin , Guo Ziyu , Sun Ying , Zhu Xinhao , Zhang Lihua , Song Changchun , Sun Li , Xu Xiaofeng 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Wetlands account for up to 70% of the natural source of methane (CH
4
) in terrestrial ecosystems on a global scale. Soil microbes are the ultimate producers and biological consumers of CH
4
in wetlands. Therefore, simulating microbial mechanisms of CH
4
production and consumptionwould improve the predictability of CH
4
flux in wetland ecosystems. In this study, we applied a microbial-explicit model, the CLM-Microbe, to simulate CH
4
flux in three major natural wetlands in northeastern China. The CLM-Microbe model was able to capture the seasonal variation of gross primary productivity (GPP), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and CH
4
flux. The CLM-Microbe model explained more than 40% of the variation in GPP and CH
4
flux across sites. Marsh wetlands had higher CH
4
flux than mountain peatlands. Ebullition dominated the CH
4
transport pathway in all three wetlands. The methanogenesis dominates while methanotroph makes a minor contribution to the CH
4
flux, making all wetlands a CH
4
source. Sensitivity analysis indicated that microbial growth and death rates are the key factors governing CH
4
emission and vegetation physiological properties (
flnr
) and maintenance respiration predominate GPP variation. Explicitly simulating microbial processes allows genomic information to be incorporated, laying a foundation for better predicting CH
4
dynamics under the changing environment.
Efficiency improvement of inverted perovskite solar cells enabled by PTAA/MoS2double hole transporters
Authors: Hu Weidong , Jin Xin , Li Aijun , Liu Cheng-Liang , Wang Xiao-Feng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHole transport layer (HTL) plays a critical role in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We focus on the improvement of PSCs performance with MoS2nanosheets as the anode buffer layer in the inverted photovoltaic structure. PSC with single MoS2buffer layer shows poor performance in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and the long-term stability. By combination of MoS2and Poly[bis(4-phenyl) (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) amine] (PTAA) as double-layer HTL, the PCE is improved to 18.47%, while the control device with PTAA alone shows a PCE of 14.48%. The same phenomenon is also found in 2D PSCs. For double-layer HTL devices, the PCE reaches 13.19%, and the corresponding PCE of the control group using PTAA alone is 10.13%. This significant improvement is attributed to the reduced interface resistance and improved hole extraction ability as shown by the electric impedance spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. In addition, the improved device exhibits better stability because the PCE still maintains 66% of the initial value after 500 h of storage, which is higher than the 47% of the remaining PCE from device based on single PTAA or MoS2. Our results demonstrate the potential of polymer/inorganic nanomaterial as a double-layer buffer material for PSCs.
Interface superconductivity in FeSe thin films on SrTiO

3

grown by the PLD technique
Authors: Kobayashi T , Ogawa H , Nabeshima F , Maeda A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this study, we fabricate 5–30 nm thick films of FeSe/STO using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The grown films exhibit superconductivity with an onset

T

c

that is much higher than that of bulk FeSe under ambient pressure. The observed

T

c

values are exceptionally high in terms of the strain vs.

T

c

relationship of the same material established so far. Furthermore,

T

c

increases as the film thickness decreases, except for films thinner than 10 nm. This thickness dependence of

T

c

is in good agreement with the results reported for films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) that exhibit interface superconductivity. These results indicate the realization of interface superconductivity in PLD-grown FeSe/STO. Furthermore, our PLD technique requires no post-annealing to realize interface superconductivity, which is different from MBE techniques. Because the PLD technique has the advantage that various interfaces can be fabricated easily by simply altering the target materials, our results open novel routes to study interface superconductivity toward higher

T

c

by systematic control of the interface.
Impact of

mixing on the localized CP violations of the

decay *
Authors: Qi Jing-Juan , Zhang Xuan , Wang Chao , Wang Zhen-Yang , Guo Xin-Heng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the framework of the QCD factorization approach, we study the localized

violations of the

decay with and without the

mixing mechanism and observe that the localized

violation can be enhanced by this mixing effect when the mass of the

pair is in the vicinity of the

resonance. The corresponding theoretical prediction results are

(

with the central value form) and

(

with the central value form), respectively. Meanwhile, we also calculate the branching fraction of the

decay, which is consistent with the experimental results. We suggest that the

mixing mechanism should be considered when theoretically and experimentally studying the

violation of the B or D meson decays.
Searching for axion-like particles with the blazar observations of MAGIC and Fermi-LAT *
Authors: Li Hai-Jun , Bi Xiao-Jun , Yin Peng-Fei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this study, we explore the axion-like particle (ALP)-photon oscillation effect in the γ-ray spectra of the blazars Markarian 421 (Mrk 421) and PG 1553+113, which are measured by the Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov Telescopes (MAGIC) and Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) with high precision. The Mrk 421 and PG 1553+113 observations of 15 and five phases are used in the analysis, respectively. We find that the combined analysis with all the 15 phases improves the limits of the Mrk 421 observations. For the selected blazar jet magnetic field and extragalactic background light models, the combined limit set by the Mrk 421 observations excludes the ALP parameter region with the ALP-photon coupling of

for the ALP mass of

at 95% confidence level. The main uncertainties of the analysis originate from the blazar jet magnetic field model. We also find that the ALP hypothesis can slightly improve the fit to the PG 1553+113 results in several parameter regions. We do not set the limit in this case.
On the dynamics of relativistic particles with torsion in warped product spacetimes
Authors: Herrera Jónatan , de la Rosa Martín , Rubio Rafael M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this work, we study spacelike trajectories of a relativistic particle model whose Lagrangian is given by the total torsion of its worldline. Once the field equations are established, we investigate the trajectories in two physically relevant families of four-dimensional spacetimes: generalized Robertson–Walker and standard static spacetimes. For the former we obtain both characterization as well as non-existence results for Frenet curves of different orders, which are the curves capable of modeling trajectories. For standard static spacetimes, we obtain a full characterization of the critical curves and present an example in which we can explicitly compute non-trivial trajectories.