bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping Flow‐Obstructing Structures on Global Rivers
Authors: Yang Xiao , Pavelsky Tamlin M. , Ross Matthew R. V. , Januchowski‐Hartley Stephanie R. , Dolan Wayana , Altenau Elizabeth H. , Belanger Michael , Byron Danesha , Durand Michael , Van Dusen Ian , Galit Hailey , Jorissen Michiel , Langhorst Theodore , Lawton Eric , Lynch Riley , Mcquillan Katie Ann , Pawar Sayali , Whittemore Aaron 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo help store water, facilitate navigation, generate energy, mitigate floods, and support industrial and agricultural production, people have built and continue to build obstructions to natural flow in rivers. However, due to the long and complex history of constructing and removing such obstructions, we lack a globally consistent record of their locations and types. Here, we used a consistent method to visually locate and classify obstructions on 2.1 million km of large rivers (width ≥30 m) globally. We based our mapping on Google Earth Engine’s high resolution images, which for many places have meter‐scale resolution. The resulting Global River Obstruction Database (GROD) consists of 30,549 unique obstructions, covering six different obstruction types: dam, lock, low head dam, channel dam, and two types of partial dams. By classifying a subset of the obstructions multiple times, we are able to show high classification consistency (87% mean balanced accuracy) for the three types of obstructions that fully intersect rivers: dams, low head dams, and locks. The classification of the three types of partial obstructions are somewhat less consistent (61% mean balanced accuracy). Overall, by comparing GROD to similar datasets, we estimate GROD likely captured >90% of the obstructions on large rivers. We anticipate that GROD will be of wide interest to the hydrological modeling, aquatic ecology, geomorphology, and water resource management communities.
Body composition, physical capacity, and immuno-metabolic profile in community-acquired pneumonia caused by COVID-19, influenza, and bacteria: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ryrsø Camilla Koch , Dungu Arnold Matovu , Hegelund Maria Hein , Jensen Andreas Vestergaard , Sejdic Adin , Faurholt-Jepsen Daniel , Krogh-Madsen Rikke , Lindegaard Birgitte 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Different pathogens can cause community-acquired pneumonia (CAP); however, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has re-emphasized the vital role of respiratory viruses as a cause of CAP. The aim was to explore differences in metabolic profile, body composition, physical capacity, and inflammation between patients hospitalized with CAP caused by different etiology.

Methods
A prospective study of Danish patients hospitalized with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2, influenza, or bacteria. Fat (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were assessed with bioelectrical impedance analysis. Physical activity and capacity were assessed using questionnaires and handgrip strength. Plasma (p)-glucose, p-lipids, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), p-adiponectin, and cytokines were measured.

Results
Among 164 patients with CAP, etiology did not affect admission levels of glucose, HbA1c, adiponectin, or lipids. Overall, 15.2% had known diabetes, 6.1% had undiagnosed diabetes, 51.3% had pre-diabetes, 81% had hyperglycemia, and 60% had low HDL-cholesterol, with no difference between groups. Body mass index, FM, and FFM were similar between groups, with 73% of the patients being characterized with abdominal obesity, although waist circumference was lower in patients with COVID-19. Physical capacity was similar between groups. More than 80% had low handgrip strength and low physical activity levels. Compared to patients with influenza, patients with COVID-19 had increased levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (mean difference (MD) 4.14; 95% CI 1.36–12.58; p = 0.008), interleukin (IL)-4 (MD 1.82; 95% CI 1.12–2.97; p = 0.012), IL-5 (MD 2.22; 95% CI 1.09–4.52; p = 0.024), and IL-6 (MD 2.41; 95% CI 1.02–5.68; p = 0.044) and increased IFN-γ (MD 6.10; 95% CI 2.53–14.71; p < 0.001) and IL-10 (MD 2.68; 95% CI 1.53–4.69; p < 0.001) compared to patients with bacterial CAP, but no difference in IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-8, IL-18, IL-12p70, C-reactive protein, and adiponectin.

Conclusion
Despite higher inflammatory response in patients with COVID-19, metabolic profile, body composition, and physical capacity were similar to patients with influenza and bacterial CAP.
Emergence of methicillin resistance predates the clinical use of antibiotics
Authors: Larsen Jesper , Raisen Claire L. , Ba Xiaoliang , Sadgrove Nicholas J. , Padilla-González Guillermo F. , Simmonds Monique S. J. , Loncaric Igor , Kerschner Heidrun , Apfalter Petra , Hartl Rainer , Deplano Ariane , Vandendriessche Stien , Černá Bolfíková Barbora , Hulva Pavel , Arendrup Maiken C. , Hare Rasmus K. , Barnadas Céline , Stegger Marc , Sieber Raphael N. , Skov Robert L. , Petersen Andreas , Angen Øystein , Rasmussen Sophie L. , Espinosa-Gongora Carmen , Aarestrup Frank M. , Lindholm Laura J. , Nykäsenoja Suvi M. , Laurent Frederic , Becker Karsten , Walther Birgit , Kehrenberg Corinna , Cuny Christiane , Layer Franziska , Werner Guido , Witte Wolfgang , Stamm Ivonne , Moroni Paolo , Jørgensen Hannah J. , de Lencastre Hermínia , Cercenado Emilia , García-Garrote Fernando , Börjesson Stefan , Hæggman Sara , Perreten Vincent , Teale Christopher J. , Waller Andrew S. , Pichon Bruno , Curran Martin D. , Ellington Matthew J. , Welch John J. , Peacock Sharon J. , Seilly David J. , Morgan Fiona J. E. , Parkhill Julian , Hadjirin Nazreen F. , Lindsay Jodi A. , Holden Matthew T. G. , Edwards Giles F. , Foster Geoffrey , Paterson Gavin K. , Didelot Xavier , Holmes Mark A. , Harrison Ewan M. , Larsen Anders R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe discovery of antibiotics more than 80 years ago has led to considerable improvements in human and animal health. Although antibiotic resistance in environmental bacteria is ancient, resistance in human pathogens is thought to be a modern phenomenon that is driven by the clinical use of antibiotics1. Here we show that particular lineages of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus—a notorious human pathogen—appeared in European hedgehogs in the pre-antibiotic era. Subsequently, these lineages spread within the local hedgehog populations and between hedgehogs and secondary hosts, including livestock and humans. We also demonstrate that the hedgehog dermatophyte Trichophyton erinacei produces two β-lactam antibiotics that provide a natural selective environment in which methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates have an advantage over susceptible isolates. Together, these results suggest that methicillin resistance emerged in the pre-antibiotic era as a co-evolutionary adaptation of S. aureus to the colonization of dermatophyte-infected hedgehogs. The evolution of clinically relevant antibiotic-resistance genes in wild animals and the connectivity of natural, agricultural and human ecosystems demonstrate that the use of a One Health approach is critical for our understanding and management of antibiotic resistance, which is one of the biggest threats to global health, food security and development.
Network traits predict ecological strategies in fungi
Authors: Aguilar-Trigueros C A , Boddy L , Rillig M C , Fricker M D 
Published: January 2022

AbstractColonization of terrestrial environments by filamentous fungi relies on their ability to form networks that can forage for and connect resource patches. Despite the importance of these networks, ecologists rarely consider network features as functional traits because their measurement and interpretation are conceptually and methodologically difficult. To address these challenges, we have developed a pipeline to translate images of fungal mycelia, from both micro- and macro-scales, to weighted network graphs that capture ecologically relevant fungal behaviour. We focus on four properties that we hypothesize determine how fungi forage for resources, specifically: connectivity; relative construction cost; transport efficiency; and robustness against attack by fungivores. Constrained ordination and Pareto front analysis of these traits revealed that foraging strategies can be distinguished predominantly along a gradient of connectivity for micro- and macro-scale mycelial networks that is reminiscent of the qualitative ‘phalanx’ and ‘guerilla’ descriptors previously proposed in the literature. At one extreme are species with many inter-connections that increase the paths for multidirectional transport and robustness to damage, but with a high construction cost; at the other extreme are species with an opposite phenotype. Thus, we propose this approach represents a significant advance in quantifying ecological strategies for fungi using network information.
Migration-assisted, moisture gradient process for ultrafast, continuous CO2 capture from dilute sources at ambient conditions
Authors: Prajapati Aditya , Sartape Rohan , Rojas Tomás , Dandu Naveen K. , Dhakal Pratik , Thorat Amey S. , Xie Jiahan , Bessa Ivan , Galante Miguel T. , Andrade Marcio H. S. , Somich Robert T. , Rebouças Márcio V. , Hutras Gus T. , Diniz Nathália , Ngo Anh T. , Shah Jindal , Singh Meenesh R. 
Published: January 2022

An ultrafast, continuous CO2 capture process driven by moisture gradient and electric field with low energy consumption to capture and concentrate CO2 from dilute sources.
SMARCB1 expression is a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for osteosarcoma
Authors: Guo Tao , Wei Ran , Dean Dylan C. , Hornicek Francis J. , Duan Zhenfeng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Although weak SWI/SNF related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 (SMARCB1) expression is a known diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in several malignancies, its expression and clinical significance in osteosarcoma remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate SMARCB1 expression in osteosarcoma and its clinical significance with respect to chemosensitivity and prognosis.
Methods: We obtained 114 specimens from 70 osteosarcoma patients to construct a tissue microarray (TMA) and assess SMARCB1 protein expression via immunohistochemistry (IHC). The mRNA expression of SMARCB1 was in-silico analyzed using open-access RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and clinicopathological data provided by the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments on Osteosarcoma (TARGET-OS) project. The correlations between SMARCB1 expression and clinical features were statistically analyzed.
Results: Weak SMARCB1 expression occurred in 70% of the osteosarcoma patient specimens in the TMA, and significantly correlated with poor neoadjuvant response as well as shorter overall and progression-free survival (PFS). In addition, mRNA in-silico analysis confirmed that SMARCB1 expression correlates with chemotherapeutic response and prognosis in osteosarcoma patients.
Conclusion: To our knowledge, the present study is the first to analyze SMARCB1 expression in osteosarcoma. SMARCB1 may serve as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in osteosarcoma.
Digital analysis of tooth microwear, a potential application for dental microwear monitor
Authors: Xue Gang , Hu Conghu , Du Jianke , Hua Licheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn general, tooth wear is difficult to be noticed until it leads to toothache in vivo. Developing a dynamic dental wear monitoring system to predict tooth wear in daily life is a necessity. The translation between complex surface wear morphology and corresponding digital signal source is a technical limitation to develop this kind of monitoring system. Microwear texture analysis has been widely employed in predicting diet by a palaeontologist. The main question is whether the microwear texture analysis has potential development space to develop a sensor for monitoring tooth wear. According to obtained results, the microwear texture analysis had enough sensitivity to display the surface morphology variations for different chewing foods and various angles. The corresponding sensitive digital signal of tooth microwear surface morphology makes it possible to develop a dental microwear sensor.
A flat aperture antenna composed of a series fed H‐plane horn array excited by a ridge gap waveguide horn
Authors: Farzin Nasab Farhaneh , Razavi Parizi Seyed Ali , Ostovarzadeh Mohammad Hossein 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study presents a new structure for planar aperture antennas with a very simple configuration by making use of gap waveguide technology. Applying the concept of H‐plane horn in both feeding network and radiating layer results in a flat configuration capable of providing a directive radiation with reasonable impedance bandwidth, high gain and low side lobes. The proposed structure introduces a very simple configuration, which does not face the enhancement of design and fabrication complexity for larger apertures and higher gains. The principle of operation and design procedure for both the radiating layer and feed network are fully discussed in detail. A sample is designed to operate at Ku band, which presents proper radiation performance with the maximum gain of 24.5 dBi, the maximum efficiency of 85% and the side lobe level (SLL) lower than −22 and −13 dB in H‐ & E‐planes, respectively.
Ultra‐compact and ultra‐broadband hybrid plasmonic‐photonic vertical coupler with high coupling efficiency, directivity, and polarisation extinction ratio
Authors: Pezeshki Hamed , Wright Amanda J. , Larkins Eric C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn ultra‐compact, ultra‐broadband vertical coupler for dense photonic integrated circuits is reported with a 1.07 × 0.62 μm2 wavelength‐scale footprint. This hybrid plasmonic‐photonic coupler uses a unique two‐plane plasmonic nanoantenna array on a silicon‐on‐insulator waveguide. The in‐ and out‐of‐plane interference of the multipole moments and dual‐feed nanoantennas results in efficient, unidirectional coupling. Finite‐element simulations show that, for a 0.8 μm diameter Gaussian beam, the maximum coupling efficiency (CE) is −3.4 dB across the telecommunication C‐, L‐ and U‐bands with a 3‐dB bandwidth of 230 nm. The CE is > 9 dB higher than recently reported ultra‐compact plasmonic couplers. The maximum directivity and polarisation extinction ratio across the C‐ to U‐bands are 9.2 and 24.1 dB, respectively. Finally, as an out‐coupler, it has a vertical directivity of >8.5 dB, enabling its use for vertical optical interconnects between two vertically separated circuits.
Botulinum Toxins for Esthetic Facial Injections: A Scientific Review to Support Evidence-Based Best Practice
Authors: Philipp-Dormston Wolfgang G. , Bertossi Dario , Houschyar Khosrow , Rahman Eqram 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBotulinum toxins (BoNT) are complex biological products. Each licensed BoNT type A (BoNTA) has its own individual characteristics resulting into different attributes, some of them being of clinical relevance. Besides profound anatomical knowledge and understanding of esthetic principles, the responsible injecting physician should be aware of those pharmaceutical and clinical properties. Especially against the background of new BoNTA formulations receiving approval by the authorities, a critical and dedicated discussion on the individual characteristics should take place, and the potential relevance on the treatment outcome should be taken into consideration.
FeCl3-Promoted Facile Synthesis of Multiply Arylated Nicotinonitriles
Authors: Iwai Kento , Nishiwaki Nagatoshi , Yamauchi Haruka , Yokoyama Soichi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany biologically active nicotinonitriles have been reported to date. Consequently, the development of synthetic methods for multiply arylated/alkylated nicotinonitriles remains a sought-after field of research. In the present work, a new synthetic strategy for multi-substituted nicotinonitriles is described. A FeCl3-promoted condensation–cyclization reaction of an enamino nitrile and α,β-unsaturated ketones proceeded efficiently with a wide range of substrates. It is noteworthy that this method facilitates access to fully and differently substituted nicotinonitriles, including tetra-arylated nicotinonitriles, in only three steps. Using the functionality of the cyano group, the copper-catalyzed annulation reaction of the nicotinonitrile was achieved to yield benzo­[c][2,7]naphthyridin-5(6H)-one.
Acute Endovascular Management of a Ruptured Choroidal Artery Arteriovenous Malformation in a Peripartum COVID-19-Positive Patient
Authors: Tyagi Gaurav , Kulanthaivelu Karthik , Saini Jitender , Gowda Aravind , Srinivas Dwarakanath 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to significant reduction in specialty care causing delayed presentations and decreased resources for elective procedures. We present here a case of a 29-year-old female, 34 weeks primigravida who presented with a twice ruptured right choroidal artery arteriovenous malformation (AVM). She underwent an immediate external ventricular drain placement followed by an emergency cesarean. She underwent a diagnostic angiogram showing a right choroidal AVM with a feeder artery aneurysm along with small supply to its cortical component by the M4 segment of right middle cerebral artery, draining into the basal vein of Rosenthal and vein of Labbe. The patient underwent embolization of the aneurysm and the choroidal feeders. She improved symptomatically following the procedure with external cerebrospinal fluid diversion for 5 days. At follow-up magnetic resonance imaging, the residual AVM remained stable and is planned for Gamma knife radiosurgery. The newborn was taken care at a neonatal intensive care unit and was started on breastfeed on 16th day of birth once the mother had a negative COVID-19 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In this study, we highlight our experience with the above-mentioned patient profile, the multidisciplinary effort during the pandemic, and the measures taken (isolation ward, COVID-19 dedicated Cath-lab and personal precautions) and advised for tackling COVID-19 patients for endovascular procedures.
Effect of Replacing Vendor QTc Alerts with a Custom QTc Risk Alert in Inpatients
Authors: Stettner Steven , Adie Sarah , Hanigan Sarah , Thomas Michael , Pogue Kristen , Zimmerman Christopher 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective The aim of the study is to implement a customized QTc interval clinical decision support (CDS) alert strategy in our electronic health record for hospitalized patients and aimed at providers with the following objectives: minimize QTc prolongation, minimize exposure to QTc prolonging medications, and decrease overall QTc-related alerts. A strategy that was based on the validated QTc risk scoring tool and replacing medication knowledge vendor alerts with custom QTc prolongation alerts was implemented.
Methods This is a retrospective quasi-experimental study with a pre-intervention period (August 2019 to October 2019) and post-intervention period (December 2019 to February 2020). The custom alert was implemented in November 2019.
Results In the pre-implementation group, 361 (19.3%) patients developed QTc prolongation, and in the post-implementation group, 357 (19.6%) patients developed QTc prolongation (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.87–1.20, p = 0.81). The odds ratio of an action taken post-implementation compared with pre-implementation was 18.90 (95% CI: 14.03–25.47, p <0. 001). There was also a decrease in total orders for QTc prolonging medications from 7,921 (5.5%) to 7,566 (5.3%) with an odds ratio of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93–0.99, p = 0.01).
Conclusion We were able to decrease patient exposure to QTc prolonging medications while not increasing the rate of QTc prolongation as well as improving alert action rate. Additionally, there was a decrease in QTc prolonging medication orders which illustrates the benefit of using a validated risk score with a customized CDS approach compared with a traditional vendor-based strategy. Further research is needed to confirm if an approach implemented at our organization can reduce QTc prolongation rates.
An ultra-low background alpha detection system with a Micromegas-based time projection chamber
Authors: Pan Jiang , Zhang Zhiyong , Feng Changqing , Wang Deyi , Zhang Ruiyang , Liu Shubin 
Published: January 2022

In this paper, a time projection chamber (TPC) system for α radiation detection with ultra-low background is presented, which is based on Micromegas, a type of micro-pattern gaseous detector. Based on multi-dimensional information acquired by the TPC, such as the features of particle energy deposition and 3D track, the system can achieve the purpose of α identification with ultra-low background. A prototype TPC with the volume of 15 × 15 × 6.5 cm3 was developed. It was filled with a gas mixture of 95% neon and 5% isobutene at about 1 bar, and no additional shielding or control of alpha-emitting materials was employed. A low-noise high-integration electronic system based on multi-channel waveform sampling techniques was adopted to read out the anode strip signals. A test with a 241Am α source (5.5 MeV), a 49-h background test, and several other tests with weak radioactive samples in the laboratory environment were conducted. A feature selection method was designed to maximize the suppression of background events while retaining the events of interest. Test results showed that within an assumed 5 × 5 cm2 effective area in the center region of the TPC window, the background count rate of this system was lower than 1.6 × 10−3 counts per minute at 95% confidence level, while retaining the acceptance rate of about 96% for 241Am α particles.
Two-step nucleation of the Earth’s inner core
Authors: Sun Yang , Zhang Feng , Mendelev Mikhail I. , Wentzcovitch Renata M. , Ho Kai-Ming 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Understanding the formation of the Earth’s inner core is essential to understanding the geodynamo and Earth's history. However, recent attempts to explain the initial solidification of the inner core have been unsuccessful. The supercooling necessary to form hcp iron is unrealistically large and creates the “inner core nucleation paradox.” Our work demonstrates that molten iron can crystallize via a two-step nucleation process involving the intermediate bcc phase under core conditions. This mechanism significantly reduces the required undercooling necessary to nucleate solid iron. This work also suggests that bcc and hcp iron have similar free energies at pressures near the inner core center.
Angular correlations of causally-coherent primordial quantum perturbations
Authors: Hogan Craig , Meyer Stephan S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We consider the hypothesis that nonlocal, omnidirectional, causally-coherent quantum entanglement of inflationary horizons may account for some well-known measured anomalies of cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy on large angular scales. It is shown that causal coherence can lead to less cosmic variance in the large-angle power spectrum C

ℓ
of primordial curvature perturbations on spherical horizons than predicted by the standard model of locality in effective field theory, and to new symmetries of the angular correlation function C(Θ). Causal considerations are used to construct an approximate analytic model for C(Θ) on angular scales larger than a few degrees. Allowing for uncertainties from the unmeasured intrinsic dipole and from Galactic foreground subtraction, causally-coherent constraints are shown to be consistent with measured CMB correlations on large angular scales. Reduced cosmic variance will enable powerful tests of the hypothesis with better foreground subtraction and higher fidelity measurements on large angular scales.