bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of Various In-vivo Screening Models as well as the
Mechanisms Involved in Parkinson's Disease Screening Procedures
Authors: Wal Ankita , Wal Pranay , Vig Himangi , Samad Abdul , Khandai Madhusmruti , Tyagi Sachin 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurological ailment. It is also
known that it affects practically all other brain components, although only gradually. Animal models
are mostly used to test the efficacy of treatment against a specific enzyme and aid in creating a new
drug dose.

Objective:
The purpose of this review is to highlight in vivo Parkinson's disease screening approaches,
as well as the mechanism of action of each drug involved in Parkinson's disease development, and discuss
the limitations of each model. In addition, it also sheds light on Parkinson's disease genetic models.

Methods:
The data for the publication was gathered from databases, such as PubMed, Bentham Science,
Elsevier, Springer Nature, Wiley, and Research Gate, after a thorough examination of diverse
research findings linked to Parkinson’s disease and its screening models.

Results:
Each chemical or drug has a unique mechanism for causing disease, whether through the production
of reactive oxygen species or the blockage of the dopamine receptor. Almost every disease
symptom, whether physical or behavioral, is covered by each of the constructed models' unique set of
indicators and symptoms.

Conclusion:
Animal models are typically used to assess a medicine's activity against a specific enzyme
and aid in the creation of a new drug dose. The process, restrictions, and mechanisms interfering
with the screening, as well as the level of animal suffering, must all be thoroughly reviewed before
any model for screening for Parkinson's disease can be implemented.
Examining how Ethics in Relation to Health Technology is Described in the Research Literature: Scoping Review
Authors: Steerling Emilie , Houston Rebecca , Gietzen Luke J , Ogilvie Sarah J , de Ruiter Hans-Peter , Nygren Jens M 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundGiven the increased use of technology in health care, both in extent and application, the importance of understanding the ethical implications of new health technologies increases. Profound insight into the possible ethical implications of new health technologies enhances the research and development of such technologies and the likelihood of eventual successful implementation in clinical practice.ObjectiveThis study aimed to gain an understanding of how and if researchers focused on health technologies describe the actual or possible ethical aspects of their research findings.MethodsAn established framework for scoping reviews was used to guide the methodology. Studies published in PubMed over the last 10 years were included if they study or refer to ethics in relation to health technology as defined by established frameworks. In total, 14,532 articles were screened, 692 were retained for full-text evaluation, and 227 were included for data extraction.ResultsIn total, 250 (80.9%, N=309) studies were conducted in North America and Europe; literature review studies were dominant. Most studies (52.9%, 120/227) had no direct reference to any of the 4 basic ethical principles: beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice. In cases where studies referenced ethical theory, consequentialism dominated.ConclusionsWhen research about technology and ethics is published, the predominant focus is on its intent rather than its actual effect on patients. This lack of insight is problematic considering the vast advancement of technology in which ethics cannot keep up with understanding and offer insights on addressing ethical issues. This finding has implications for practice, research, and education.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR BAHASA DAN SASTRA INDONESIA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN TEMATIS PADA SISWA KELAS XI SMA NEGERI 1 TAPAKTUAN
Authors: Radhitullah Radhitullah 
Published: July 2022

Education at SMA Negeri 1 Tapaktuan is still faced with 4 obstacles in improving the quality of education, namely: (1) limited number of teachers and TU; (2) the uneven distribution of teachers; (3) lack of teacher professionalism; and (4) various facilities for teaching and learning activities that do not meet the standards, in particular the lack of procurement of Indonesian language textbooks that are relevant to the needs of students, schools, and regions in accordance with the demands of K-13. This research was conducted with the objectives of: (1) formulating the need for teaching materials according to teachers and students; (2) developing prototypes into Indonesian language and literature teaching materials with a thematic approach in high school; (3) knowing the effectiveness of the developed teaching materials; and (4) determine the feasibility of teaching materials for Indonesian language and literature with a thematic approach in high school. The research and development (R&D) method is used in this research to produce teaching materials. The results obtained: 1) the need for teaching materials according to teachers and students, paying attention to: (a) the language context for various language purposes, (b) keeping up with the times, (c) according to K13 by raising themes around students, (d) relevance between teacher and student teaching materials; (f) assignments/practices can activate students, (g) the material attracts students' interest, is clear, and easy to understand, and (h) is relatively ready to use in minimal school facilities; 2) developing prototypes into Indonesian language and literature teaching materials with a thematic approach in high school is done by: (a) compiling syllabus, lesson plans, teacher teaching materials and student teaching materials, (b) authentic materials and assignments/exercises developed thematically and situational and develop intellectual and affective insight, and (c) the assessment process is carried out by classroom assessment; 3) the results of the effectiveness test with a non-independent t-test showed that the thematic teaching materials were effective; and 4) the results of the feasibility of developing Indonesian language and literature teaching materials with a thematic approach are stated to be good with components of content/material feasibility assessment 77.92%, linguistics 73.40%, material presentation 77.92%, and graphics 70.
PERSEPSI MAHASISWA PGMI UIN AR-RANIRY TERHADAP SISTEM PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE PADA MASA AWAL PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: ‘Ulya Khairatul , Oviana Wati , Jannah Misbahul 
Published: July 2022

Online study had been conducted in Islamic Elementary School Teacher Study Program (PGMI) at UIN Ar-Raniry far before the pandemic happened, the difference was the studying process was not entirely conducted online at that time. Therefore, this study aims to know the Islamic Elementary School Teacher Study Program (PGMI) student’s perception toward the online study system during Covid-19, the problem faced while the study process and the solution used to anticipate the obstacle during online study. This research used a qualitative descriptive method with a total 40 samples from purposive sampling technique. The data collection was conducted by questionnaire via google form and interviewed 15 participants to collect the detailed information. The result shows there are various perceptions from the participants toward online study and some arguments with a highest percentage, 100% students said that the internet connection was the common problem while 90% of students have difficulties in understanding online material. Those are the problems faced by PGMI students during the online study process. Besides, the students are still able to find a place with a better internet connection and learn independently. In conclusion, the online study process held during Covid-19 pandemic was not effective based on the student’s perception.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE KITABAH DAN METODE WAHDAH DALAM PEMBELAJARAN TAHFIDZ SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Nurfitriani Rahmah , Hidayat Muhammad Almi , Musradinur Musradinur 
Published: July 2022

SD Plus Jabal Rahmah Mulia is one of elementary schools that prioritizes tahfidz learning by target of memorizing five juz for each graduate. Teaching memorization of Quran is not an easy, so the tahfidz teacher must use the right method. The method applied by one of the first grade tahfidz teachers at SD Plus Jabal Rahmah Mulia is Kitabah method and Wahdah method. This study seeks to explore the steps for applying the Kitabah method and Wahdah method as well as examining factors that influence the success of students in achieving memorization target. This study uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques of observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis technique is through the stages of data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. Results showed that the steps of memorizing the Quran with Kitabah method and Wahdah method were 1) Students wrote the memorized verse, 2) Teacher tahfidz read the first verse with the rhythm of Imam Thoha Al Junayd, repeated ten times and followed by the students, 3) After all the students memorized correctly, followed by the next verse ten times, 4) Combining the first verse and the follow-up verse five times, 5) Teacher and students repeat the entire verse ten times. The determinants of student success in memorizing are health, psychological, intelligence and motivation factors.
Cultural Policy at the City Level in the Context of the Formation of National Identity (on the Example of Nur-Sultan)
Authors: Kok Sevgi 
Published: July 2022

The article focuses on the close relationship of the socio-cultural environment of the city, which combines historical memory and modernity, with national identity.Aim. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of urban cultural policy on the formation of Kazakhstani national identity on the example of the city of Nur-Sultan, which became the capital after Kazakhstan gained independence.Tasks. The objectives of the study include determining the significance of the locality in the formation of national identity, the characterization of urban policy in the field of culture and its relationship with civic nationalism, the nation s tate and identity in the institutional and symbolic aspect.Methods. Within the framework of this work, the historical method, institutional and political-cultural approach is focused on the analysis of existing political institutions from the standpoint of potential opportunities that have not been realized in the past, and the development and implementation of methods for solving emerging problems in the process of forming state cultural policy at the stage of formation and development of the city Nur-Sultan.Results. This study is the statement that the cultural policy of Nur-Sultan is a new imaginative design based on the synthesis of modern technological solutions and various historical aspects of cultural heritage, which allows us to see the significant features of the idea of national identity. The novelty of the research lies in the attempt to comprehensively analyze the formation of the Kazakhstani national identity with an emphasis on the cultural policy of the city of Nur-Sultan.Conclusion. The main conclusion is that various ethnic groups with their inclusive characteristics are included in the common cultural space formed in the historical context of the titular nation with modern innovative projects, creating a synthesis of cultures that affects the formation of national identity.
State Environmental Policy of Russia and China in the Arctic: General and Special
Authors: Veselova D. N. 
Published: July 2022

The article examines and compares the Arctic policy of Russia and China in the field of environmental protection and analyzes specific environmental activities carried out by them in the Arctic.Aim. The purpose is to review the environmental policy of Russia and China implemented in the Arctic. Tasks. Identify existing problems and offer recommendations for their solution.Methods. A systematic approach, generalization, synthesis, comparative analysis, and document analysis were used.Results. Four main directions of implementation of Russia’s environmental policy in the Arctic have been identified. The main provisions of the White Paper “China’s Arctic Policy”, which regulates the directions of China’s Arctic policy implemented by the Administration for Arctic and Antarctic Affairs, are considered. Three main lines in Beijing’s environmental strategy in the Arctic region are highlighted. A comparative analysis of the environmental policies of the two countries in the Arctic is carried out.Conclusions. The national interests of both countries in the Arctic are connected with economics and geopolitics, but veiled under the interests of solving environmental problems. The current issues in the Arctic are environmental protection, the fight against climate change and the development of international cooperation. The declarative, programmatic nature of the main documents on environmental protection in the region, as well as the absence of a joint competent authority carrying out joint activities of the states under consideration in the Arctic, remain unresolved problems of both China and Russia in the implementation of Arctic environmental policy.
On Some Historical Aspects of Money Laundering in Russia and China
Authors: Poliychuk A. S. 
Published: July 2022

Aim. In this article, the author seeks to analyze some of the characteristic features of various forms of money laundering in Russia and China, with reference to the chronicles of past centuries, starting from the moment this phenomenon arose, which later became widespread in both countries.Tasks. To realize the main aim, the author gradually solves logically interconnected tasks: firstly, to identify the oldest forms of legalization of illegal income in Russia and China; second, to trace the logic of evolutionary changes in money laundering in the historical practices of both countries; thirdly, compare the Russian and Chinese experience in the studied system of economic structural and functional ties.Methods. When writing the material, methods of chronological reconstruction, historical analogy, analysis and synthesis, comparative studies were used.Results. The author established that for the first time corruption mechanisms for the legalization of illegal income arose in China in the 4th century BC, while in Russia this practice is clearly traced only from the 15th century. The article shows that in China during the Tang Dynasty (VII–X century AD), money laundering methods demonstrated active development, and then reached a level critical for maintaining statehood in the era of the Opium Wars (XIX century), although they were subsequently partially leveled during the socialist period of Chinese statehood in the twentieth century. By analogy, the author considers the historical background of the evolution of money laundering mechanisms in our country in the era of feudal fragmentation, as well as tsarist and Soviet power. The article attempts to compare two historical paintings — Russia and China.Conclusion. The author concludes that the processes of legalizing illegal funds in Russia and China have similar features and are intensified in connection with the most important historical events, therefore, modern models of money laundering and countering this illegal activity have characteristic features formed by cultural experience in a particular country.
Bank Competition and Borrower Conservatism
Authors: Hou Liya , Liang Yi , Basu Sudipta 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We study the influence of bank competition on U.S. public borrowers’ accounting conservatism by exploiting the staggered adoption of the Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act (IBBEA) of 1994, which increased the threats of new bank entrants and actual bank entry. We find that borrowers’ conditional conservatism fell after IBBEA. Conservatism fell more for firms located in states with weak incumbent banks and states with more out-of-state entrants, especially entrants with better monitoring technologies. The decrease in conservatism partially stems from borrowers’ increased investment and risk-taking incentives. Conservatism fell more for firms relying more on bank loans, especially those that borrowed loans for the first time after IBBEA and for firms having lower dedicated institutional ownership and board independence. We also find that loans included fewer covenants and that bank loan borrowers became less likely to choose Big N auditors and industry specialist auditors after IBBEA.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: G21; G28; K23; M41.
Diabetes Care Among Older Adults Enrolled in Medicare Advantage Versus Traditional Medicare Fee-For-Service Plans: The Diabetes Collaborative Registry
Authors: Essien Utibe R. , Tang Yuanyuan , Figueroa Jose F. , Litam Terrence Michael A. , Tang Fengming , Jones Philip G. , Patel Ravi , Wadhera Rishi K. , Desai Nihar R. , Mehta Sanjeev N. , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Vaduganathan Muthiah 
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE
Medicare Advantage (MA), Medicare’s managed care program, is quickly expanding, yet little is known about diabetes care quality delivered under MA compared with traditional fee-for-service (FFS) Medicare.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries ≥65 years old enrolled in the Diabetes Collaborative Registry from 2014 to 2019 with type 2 diabetes treated with one or more antihyperglycemic therapies. Quality measures, cardiometabolic risk factor control, and antihyperglycemic prescription patterns were compared between Medicare plan groups, adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical factors.

RESULTS
Among 345,911 Medicare beneficiaries, 229,598 (66%) were enrolled in FFS and 116,313 (34%) in MA plans (for ≥1 month). MA beneficiaries were more likely to receive ACE inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers for coronary artery disease, tobacco cessation counseling, and screening for retinopathy, foot care, and kidney disease (adjusted P ≤ 0.001 for all). MA beneficiaries had modestly but significantly higher systolic blood pressure (+0.2 mmHg), LDL cholesterol (+2.6 mg/dL), and HbA1c (+0.1%) (adjusted P &lt; 0.01 for all). MA beneficiaries were independently less likely to receive glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (6.9% vs. 9.0%; adjusted odds ratio 0.80, 95% CI 0.77–0.84) and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (5.4% vs. 6.7%; adjusted odds ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.87–0.95). When integrating Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services-linked data from 2014 to 2017 and more recent unlinked data from the Diabetes Collaborative Registry through 2019 (total N = 411,465), these therapeutic differences persisted, including among subgroups with established cardiovascular and kidney disease.

CONCLUSIONS
While MA plans enable greater access to preventive care, this may not translate to improved intermediate health outcomes. MA beneficiaries are also less likely to receive newer antihyperglycemic therapies with proven outcome benefits in high-risk individuals. Long-term health outcomes under various Medicare plans requires surveillance.
Long-term Survival After Sleeve Gastrectomy Versus Gastric Bypass in a Binational Cohort Study
Authors: Holmberg Dag , Santoni Giola , Kauppila Joonas H. , Markar Sheraz R. , Lagergren Jesper 
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE
Bariatric surgery prolongs life expectancy in severely obese individuals, but it is uncertain which of the two dominating bariatric procedures, sleeve gastrectomy or gastric bypass, offers the best long-term survival.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a population-based cohort study of primary laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy compared with gastric bypass for obesity in Sweden and Finland between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2020. The risk of all-cause mortality was calculated using multivariable Cox regression, providing hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, Charlson comorbidity index, country, and calendar year.

RESULTS
Among 61,503 patients (median age 42 years; 75.4% women), who contributed 415,712 person-years at risk (mean 6.8 person-years), 1,571 (2.6%) died during follow-up. Compared with patients who underwent gastric bypass (n = 51,891 [84.4%]), the sleeve gastrectomy group (n = 9,612 [15.6%]) had similar all-cause mortality during the entire study period (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.81–1.20), but decreased all-cause mortality in more recent years (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.54–0.97, from 2014 onward). Diabetes interacted statistically significantly with the type of bariatric surgery, with higher all-cause mortality after sleeve gastrectomy than after gastric bypass (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.06–2.24).

CONCLUSIONS
The overall survival following sleeve gastrectomy seems to compare well with gastric bypass and may even be better during recent years. A tailored surgical approach in relation to patients’ diabetes status may optimize survival in patients selected for bariatric surgery (i.e., sleeve gastrectomy for patients without diabetes and gastric bypass for patients with diabetes).
Optimal Number of Steps per Day to Prevent All-Cause Mortality in People With Prediabetes and Diabetes
Authors: del Pozo-Cruz Jesus , Alvarez-Barbosa Francisco , Gallardo-Gomez Daniel , del Pozo Cruz Borja 
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE
We aimed to examine the dose-response associations between the number of steps per day and all-cause mortality among adults with prediabetes and diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This prospective study used data from 1,194 U.S. adults with prediabetes and 493 with diabetes for whom accelerometer-derived steps per day could be retrieved. Mortality was ascertained through the National Death Index (February 25, 2019). Splines were used to assess the dose-response associations between steps per day and all-cause mortality.

RESULTS
Over ∼9 years of follow-up, 200 adults with prediabetes and 138 with diabetes died. Nonlinear associations akin to an L shape were observed. We estimated an optimal dose of ∼10,000 steps per day to reduce the risk of all-cause mortality for both individuals with prediabetes and those with diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
Accumulating more steps per day up to ∼10,000 steps per day may lower the risk of all-cause mortality of adults with prediabetes and diabetes.