bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex Impact of Multifunctional Additives on Operational Parameters of Engine Oils
Authors: Pydrin A V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The powertrain is the most important and commonly the most expensive component of a vehicle. The useful life of machinery is normally determined by the operating lives of its powertrain and engine. Therefore, there are high requirements for power train reliability and longevity. This article considers the key engine reliability improvement methods, as well as the key modern development concepts for the internal combustion engine. Based on those, the authors justify the use of organic-synthesis multifunctional compounds as engine oil additives. To get a comprehensive assessment of the impacts of additives on the performance properties of engine oils, the authors developed a testing program. They described the tribological tests performed to determine the anti-corrosion properties, ash content, environmental parameters, and thermal oxidation stability. The article presents the results of these tests reflecting the efficiency of the developed additive. The article is summed up with conclusions.
Calculation of Heat Losses Through Non-Insulated Pipelines of a Waste-Heat Recovery System in a Thermal Power Plant
Authors: Mozgova A S , Terekhova O P 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The paper considers the calculation of heat losses through a non-insulated pipeline section of a waste-heat recovery system in a thermal power plant. The waste-heat recovery system of a power generator includes two circuits from each unit and the network water pipelines. The first circuit of the waste-heat recovery system is the high-temperature cooling loop of the generator gas reciprocating engine. The first circuit extracts heat from the engine cooling jacket. The second circuit of the waste-heat recovery system consists of the engine exhausts heat recovery boiler, heat exchanger (heated side), network plate-type heat exchangers, and a pipeline system. In the second circuit, the heat of the first circuit and the heat of the exhausts in the heat recovery boiler is extracted. The recovery boiler pipeline with no thermal insulation is routed on the roof of the thermal power plant. The research objective was to determine the actual heat losses through the non-insulated pipeline section and to compare the obtained data with the regulatory one.
The Use of Metal Structures in the Construction of Unique Buildings and Structures
Authors: Abu-Khasan M , Egorov V , Rudenko N , Dergachev A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
According to modern standards, unique buildings and structures include buildings whose spans exceed 100 meters, with successful approbation in practical application, or spans over 60 meters with new design solutions, which require the development of new special calculation methods and the creation of physical models. Unique buildings include objects with a permanent number of people of more than 500, and periodic more than 1000-10,000 people, including people who are near the structure. The reliability of design solutions is confirmed by analyzing design schemes with subsequent assessment of methods and means of performing calculations. It is also necessary to observe, in order to study, the results of calculations for the strength and stability of the spatial system of a structure, to compare the data of theoretical materials with experimental ones obtained as a result of checks.
Study of Current Composition and Classification of Housing in a Large Siberian City
Authors: Sarchenko V I , Khirevich S A , Sarchenko M V 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article considers the issue of identification of the key factors determining the composition and classification of housing in a large city. The results of the analysis conducted made the authors conclude that the structure and classification of housing are primarily determined by the level of housing availability for local residents; it depends on the city population count, the average cost of 1 sq.m. of residential housing, and the average income level. The authors developed a multifactor linear regression equation that explains the 98.3% correlation between the parameters mentioned and can be used to forecast housing market development in cities. Based on the performed analysis of the key parameters of residential buildings that are being built in Krasnoyarsk, the authors provided recommendations for apartment parameters to be used when designing apartment blocks.
Classification of Infilled Shells Structures Considering Soil-Construction Interaction
Authors: Ya Tsimbelman N , Chernova T I , Kuzovatkin I V , Pronkina T N 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The paper examines retaining structures consisting of thin shells filled with soil or other material (in a varying degree providing structural integrity), keeping the soil from failure and sustaining the complex of technological loads. Filled shells structures serve as a constructive base for retaining structures and are used in various construction areas (industrial, transport, hydraulic engineering). The technique is proposed which allows to determine structural design model at an early design stage considering the key initial design parameters: overall dimensions of the structure, acting loads and the soil base properties. Based on the proposed ratios an example is given of the structure classification and the design model choice depending on its dimensions, depth of embedding and the magnitude of soil base design resistance. Extreme principal dimensions ratios of the structure are shown at which there is a need of fixing the structure in the soil, dependencies for determining setting depth are given.
Determination of the Influence of Reinforcement Direction of Open Thin-Walled Cylindrical Carbon Shells on Their Natural Vibrations
Authors: Dobryshkin A Yu , Sysoev E O , Sysoev O E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, open cylindrical shells are widely used in structures in construction, aviation, energy, oil, and other industries. Shell structures are exposed to short-term cyclical influences in the course of operation; these influences cause forced vibrations of the structure which trigger the internal dynamic mechanisms, changing the natural vibrations of the structure, which has a significant impact on the strength characteristics of the shell. Carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) are used as an effective material for such structures. This is a durable and lightweight material. Due to its high cost, its application used to be efficient only in aircraft and in the space industry. Improvement of manufacturing techniques has made it possible to expand the range of CFRP applications. Due to their thinness, CFRP products are prone to vibrations. Vibrations can cause resonance condition, which can result in structural collapse.
Brittle Fractures of Cylindrical Steel Storage Tanks for Petroleum and Petroleum Products in the North
Authors: Buslaeva I I 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article discusses brittle fracture accidents of petroleum and petroleum products storage tanks that occurred in Yakutia. Operational safety of tanks in the cryolithozone is reduced by harsh natural and climatic conditions, the uniform and differential settlements of the shell and bottom, long-term operation associated with the degradation of structures and materials in such climatic conditions. The main factor contributing to brittle fracture is extreme low ambient temperature, which reduces the ductility and resistance to brittle fracture of steel of structures and welds. The uniform and differential settlements of the tank lead to appearance of dangerous stress-strain state of shell and its general and local deformations. A sharp change in the air temperature causes thermal stresses in the statically indeterminate structures of the tank. Analysis of tank accidents in Yakutia shows that places of crack initiation are assembly welds and their heat-affected zones, the metallurgical and corrosion defects of the base metal. Dangerous areas of the tank are shell-to-bottom connections and attachments of piping nozzles to the shell. The main cause of the considered accidents is the use of low-carbon steel that does not recommend to the oil tank operation in the climatic conditions of the cryolithozone.
Concept of Sustainability in the Arctic
Authors: Sarvut T O , Tkachev V N 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The current stage of the development of the Arctic region of Russia coincided with the development and implementation of the ideas of sustainability: the identification of mechanisms and risk management, the ability to withstand future climate change through reorganization and upgrading. Under the new development conditions, we propose a model of the architectural and spatial organization of an environmental object of any level (building, settlement, city) that takes into account the specific region constraints. The authors suggest using a parcel with a set of patterns as the basic unit of the planning level. The patterns within this level are connected. Outside, the levels of the parcels are linked to each other and the natural surroundings. At the building level, engineering systems and their resilience are identified. At the level of external relations, environmental systems are identified - manifestations of the environment with possible aggressive impacts. Their resilience lies in their reaction to change. Engineering systems shall interact with social ones: when designing, the social responsibility of investors should be considered to provide the autonomy of each parcel, and after construction, it is necessary to define the responsibilities of all users. The system of parcel patterns is flexible, stable, and ready for probabilistic aggressive impacts of the outside world.
Reducing the Negative Impact of Harmful Factors on the Environment in the Process of Transporting Waste from Demolition of Buildings and Structures
Authors: Bodenko E M , Slesarev M Y , Shershneva M V , Perepechenov A M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The relevance of the problem under study is due to the fact that in the process of transporting demolition waste, it becomes necessary to reduce the negative impact of harmful factors on the environment. The aim of the study is to reduce the negative impact on the environment during transportation and to select optimal solutions. As a result of the study, the factors influencing the formation of the transport chain were identified, which reduce the negative impact of some harmful factors on the environment during the transportation of construction waste. Also, as a result of simulation, optimal combinations of important factors were formed in the conditions of urban infrastructure, which made it possible to reduce the estimated indicators of harmful effects on the environment.
Trends in the Design of Hospices and Palliative Centers in the Russian Federation
Authors: Klochko A R 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article examines a brief history of the spread of hospice care, studies the specifics of the architecture of palliative medicine centers and hospices. Attention is paid to the current state of hospices and palliative centers in the world and in Russia. The research results are presented in the form of basic recommendations on the hospice territories design and their improvement, architectural, planning, interior features of hospice design. The schemes of functional relationships in the hospice, variants of space-planning solutions and the design of 1 to 4 place hospital rooms are given. These results can be used in the architectural practice of designing palliative care centers and hospices, as well as in the educational process as methodological recommendations for the design of hospices and palliative care centers. The analysis of the problems of the architectural-planning and urban organization of hospices will allow to improve the structure of such architectural objects, to study their typology, for further development. The involvement of the public in the direction of the development of the current of palliative care, including from the point of view of their architectural and spatial organization, focuses people’s attention not only on the entertainment culture, which is now in absolute dominance, but also on human duty and dignity.
Classification of Composite and Steel Plates Joints in Hybrid Structures with External Type of Reinforcement by Composite Materials
Authors: Egorov V , Abu-Khasan M , Fedorov A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article provides a brief classification of existing joints of composite and steel elements with each other. Three types of connections are considered: mechanical, adhesive and combined connections. Their main advantages and disadvantages that limit their widespread use are indicated. One of the main advantages of composite materials is the variety of their physical and mechanical characteristics, which are determined at the stage of composite fabrication. In view of this feature, the use of composite materials as part of hybrid structures can provide an effective use of the physical and mechanical properties of materials. The main requirement for hybrid structures is to ensure the joint operation of all used dissimilar materials.
Controlled conversion of transverse symmetries in a four-wave mixing process
Authors: Rocha J C A , Pires D G , Motta M R L , Litchinitser N M , Vianna S S , Fonseca E J S , Ferraz J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Precise light manipulation in optical media has been important for developing new communication protocols, particle tracking and control, environmental sensing and quantum computing, to cite a few applications. Here, we explore the nonlinear light-matter interactions of Hermite-Gaussian (HG) beams with a rubidium vapor. We analytically and numerically predict the possibility of generating a nearly pure optical HG mode as a result of the four-wave mixing of two different HG modes. In contrast, four-wave mixing of other linear solutions of the paraxial wave equation in a third-order nonlinear medium results in the up-converted beam consisting of a superposition of multiple modes. In addition, we identify a large family of solutions of the paraxial wave equation, including cylindrical and elliptical modes, that can be generated in the process of the four-wave mixing by precisely adjusting the weights of the input HG beams. This study may find applications in the development of new classical and quantum optical sources, with more spatial versatility.
GLUT1 Immunohistochemistry Is a Highly Sensitive and Relatively Specific Marker for Erythroid Lineage in Benign and Malignant Hematopoietic Tissues
Authors: Kaumeyer Benjamin A , Fidai Shiraz S , Thakral Beenu , Wang Sa A , Arber Daniel A , Cheng Jason X , Gurbuxani Sandeep , Venkataraman Girish 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), a glucose transporter, is an abundant protein in erythrocytes with expression beginning early in erythropoiesis. We sought to evaluate the utility of GLUT1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a diagnostic marker for identifying erythroid differentiation in hematopoietic tissues, including neoplastic erythroid proliferations.

Methods
A variety of benign and neoplastic bone marrow biopsy specimens containing variable proportions of erythroid precursors were selected (n = 46, including 36 cases of leukemia). GLUT1 IHC was performed using a commercially available polyclonal antibody. Each case was evaluated for staining of erythroid precursors, nonerythroid hematopoietic cells, and blasts. A GATA1/GLUT1 double stain was performed on one case to confirm coexpression of GLUT1 on early erythroid precursors. Staining was compared with other erythroid markers, including glycophorin C.

Results
GLUT1 demonstrated strong membranous staining in erythroid precursors of all cases, which was restricted largely to the erythroid lineage. Of the 36 leukemia cases, all 6 cases of pure erythroid leukemia and both cases of therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia with erythroid differentiation showed positive GLUT1 staining in blasts. Otherwise, only lymphoblasts in B-lymphoblastic leukemia showed weak to moderate granular cytoplasmic staining (four of five cases).

Conclusions
GLUT1 IHC is a highly sensitive and relatively specific marker for erythroid lineage in benign and neoplastic bone marrow biopsy specimens.
Genetic structure of the endemicDipterocarpus condorensisrevealed by microsatellite markers
Authors: Minh Nguyen Duc , Lan Phan Nguyen Hong , Minh Nguyen Tam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnthropogenic disturbances in tropical forests often affect the genetic diversity of a species. Dipterocarpus condorensis is an endangered species in the tropical forests of south-eastern Vietnam, both from its over-exploitation and habitat loss. Therefore, knowledge of population genetic diversity and population structure is essential for identifying the species conservation measures. In the present study, we evaluated genetic diversity and population structure using nine microsatellites for 183 individual trees from eight populations, representing the distribution range of D. condorensis in Vietnam. Two clustering approaches (Bayesian analysis and discriminant analysis of principal components) revealed that all studied individuals clustered into three genetic groups, which were related to gene flow across the range of D. condorensis in the lowland tropical forests of south-eastern Vietnam. Limited gene flow was implicated in anthropogenic disturbance. Genetic differentiation among populations was relatively low (the Weir and Cockerham index of 0.122 and the Hedrick index of 0.149) and showed significant differentiation. The genetic variability of the populations was low (HO = 0.298 and HE = 0.324), which suggested the negative effects of habitat degradation and over-exploitation. Our studies also determined that D. condorensis populations can have undergone recent bottlenecks. We recommend conservation activities for this species based on these results.
Sensory neurons have an axon initial segment that initiates spontaneous activity in neuropathic pain
Authors: Nascimento Ana I. , Da Silva Tiago F. , Fernandes Elisabete C. , Luz Liliana L. , Mar Fernando M. , Safronov Boris V. , Sousa Monica M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The axon initial segment is a specialized compartment of the proximal axon of CNS neurons where action potentials are initiated. However, it remains unknown whether this domain is assembled in sensory dorsal root ganglion neurons, in which spikes are initiated in the peripheral terminals. Here we investigate whether sensory neurons have an axon initial segment and if it contributes to spontaneous activity in neuropathic pain. Our results demonstrate that myelinated dorsal root ganglion neurons assemble an axon initial segment in the proximal region of their stem axon, enriched in the voltage-gated sodium channels Nav1.1 and Nav1.7. Using correlative immunofluorescence and calcium imaging, we demonstrate that the Nav1.7 channels at the axon initial segment are associated with spontaneous activity. Computer simulations further indicate that the axon initial segment plays a key role in the initiation of spontaneous discharges by lowering their voltage threshold. Finally, using a Cre-based mouse model for time-controlled axon initial segment disassembly, we demonstrate that this compartment is a major source of spontaneous discharges causing mechanical allodynia in neuropathic pain. Thus, an axon initial segment domain is present in sensory neurons and facilitates their spontaneous activity. This study provides a new insight in the cellular mechanisms that cause pathological pain and identifies a new potential target for chronic pain management.
The cerebellum and cognition: further evidence for its role in language control
Authors: Yuan Qiming , Li Hehui , Du Boqi , Dang Qinpu , Chang Qianwen , Zhang Zhaoqi , Zhang Man , Ding Guosheng , Lu Chunming , Guo Taomei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe cognitive function of the human cerebellum could be characterized as enigmatic. However, researchers have attempted to detail the comprehensive role of the cerebellum in several cognitive processes in recent years. Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), we revealed different functions of bilateral cerebellar lobules in bilingual language production. Specifically, brain activation showed the bilateral posterolateral cerebellum was associated with bilingual language control, and an effective connectivity analysis built brain networks for the interaction between the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex. Furthermore, anodal tDCS over the right cerebellum significantly optimizes language control performance in bilinguals. Together, these results reveal a precise asymmetrical functional distribution of the cerebellum in bilingual language production, suggesting that the right cerebellum is more involved in language control. In contrast, its left counterpart undertakes a computational role in cognitive control function by connecting with more prefrontal, parietal, subcortical brain areas.
Combined lenalidomide/bortezomib for multiple myeloma complicated by fulminant myocarditis: a rare case report of widely used chemotherapy
Authors: Verbesselt Matthias , Meekers Evelyne , Vandenberghe Peter , Delforge Michel , Vandenbriele Christophe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundDrug-induced myocarditis is a rare complication of certain cancer treatments, characterized by the development of myocardial inflammation shortly after initiation of treatment, potentially leading to heart failure and/or malignant arrhythmias. The development of eosinophilic myocarditis after administration of lenalidomide has been described and bortezomib has been associated with the development of cardiomyopathies and atherosclerosis.Case summaryA 69-year-old woman, recently diagnosed with multiple myeloma underwent local radiotherapy for a pathological fracture of the 4th lumbar vertebra and was treated with bortezomib–lenalidomide–dexamethasone. Within 19 days after therapy initiation, she presented with gastrointestinal symptoms, an erythematous pruritic rash, and general fatigue. Surprisingly, routine electrocardiogram (ECG) showed upwardly concave ST-elevation in I and aVL and ST-depressions in II, III, and aVF. Troponin levels were markedly elevated to 5470 ng/L. Complete blood count revealed eosinophilia. Based on further cardiac work-up, including echocardiography, coronary angiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing positive T2 imaging and patchy subepicardial late gadolinium enhancement, she was diagnosed with hypersensitivity myocarditis. Additional endomyocardial heart biopsy did not reveal any abnormalities, probably due to sampling error. After discontinuation of chemotherapy and prompt treatment with high doses of corticosteroids, the patient recovered.DiscussionDiagnosis of drug-induced myocarditis can be challenging and even long known widely used (chemo)therapy should be considered a potential trigger. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial, warranting alertness for suggestive symptoms. Cardiac biomarkers, ECG monitoring, and cardiac MRI are key to confirm the diagnosis. In patients with preserved left ventricular systolic function, two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography can provide additional diagnostic information. Every patient presenting with eosinophilia and/or acute onset of auto-immune symptoms after initiation of therapy with lenalidomide/bortezomib deserves prompt cardiac screening. The gold standard remains an endomyocardial biopsy, although sampling error may occur.