bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complexation of pea protein isolate with dextran sulphate and interfacial adsorption behaviour and O/W emulsion stability at acidic conditions
Authors: Shen Kejie , Long Jie , Li Xingfei , Hua Yufei , Chen Yeming , Kong Xiangzhen , Zhang Caimeng 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThis study was aimed at improving the emulsifying property and physical stability of pea protein isolate (PPI) stabilised emulsions at acidic conditions by complexation with dextran sulphate (DS). Soluble and insoluble complexes with different charge and particle size were formed depending on the phase separation behaviour. The surface adsorption of PPI became slower after complexation with DS, but the percentage of adsorbed proteins at the oil–water interface was not affected. The formation of PPI–DS soluble complexes at high content of DS (≥0.4%) significantly improved the negative net charges of PPI, prevented the aggregation of protein, which further improved the emulsifying property of PPI at acidic conditions through the strong electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance effects. Insoluble complexes with relatively weak net charge and large particles were formed at low DS content (≤0.2%), resulting in the bridging flocculation of oil droplets at pH 5 and 4. Thus, the emulsifying ability of PPI under acidic conditions could be significantly improved by formation of soluble complexes with DS.
Application of plant proteins as alternative emulsifiers in double emulsions: using kappa‐carrageenan for complex coacervation and microencapsulation of riboflavin
Authors: Hua Xin Yi , Chiang Jie Hong , Henry Christiani Jeyakumar 
Published: February 2022

SummaryCompared to animal proteins, this paper describes the use of plant proteins as alternative emulsifiers in double emulsion (DE) fabrication followed by complex coacervation. This is an additional way to improve stability, sustainability and lower production costs. In this study, kappa‐carrageenan (k‐carr) was used in complex coacervation with DE stabilised by pea protein isolate (PPI), mung bean protein isolate and chickpea protein concentrate (CPC) at pH 2 and 3 to form microcapsules (DECC). By investigating the particle sizes, microstructures and visual observations over 9 days at 4 °C, PPI/k‐carr DECC and CPC/k‐carr DECC at pH 2 were the most stable. Riboflavin encapsulation in PPI/k‐carr DECC achieved an encapsulation efficiency of 65.46%, preserving ~20% of riboflavin across the storage period. As compared to DE systems, complex coacervation significantly improved riboflavin encapsulation stability. The results highlight the potential of PPI as an alternative emulsifier in DECC for the delivery of bioactive compounds.
Social globalization, well‐being indicators and unaccompanied child migration from Central America
Authors: Farriss Lucia D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis research investigates the effect of well‐being indicators and social globalization on the migration of Unaccompanied Alien Children (UAC) from Central America. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the surge in UAC that began in 2014 at the U.S. southern border is driven primarily by violence or whether other factors are at play. The apprehension of UAC serves as a proxy for measuring unaccompanied child migration to the United States. Unemployment rates of young adults and expected years of schooling are included as a measure of youth engagement in productive activities, while homicide rates measure the threat to leading a productive, healthy life. Global social network links are considered as possible pull factors of migration and measured through a social globalization index. The results of a fixed effects regression model reveal that youth idleness, along with increased social globalization, prove to be significant in explaining heightened UAC migration.
Restorative difficulty evaluation system of endodontically treated teeth
Authors: Ferrari Marco , Pontoriero Denise I. K. , Ferrari Cagidiaco Edoardo , Carboncini Fabio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis article provides an updated overview of restorative procedures of endodontically treated teeth.Clinical considerationsThe different techniques and procedures to restore an endodontic treated tooth were considered in the last decades. While they are generally performed using bonding procedures in combination with or without the placement of a post into the root to build up the abutment, there has been a lack of interest in restorative difficulties that can be faced. Failures are represented such as debonding of the post, fracture of the root, decementation, and/or fracture of the restoration, microleakage of the margins. Essentially, the presence of a sufficient failure is considered a key point of a long prognosis. Different clinical factors can directly influence the type of restoration and the longevity of the treatment. The restorative difficulty evaluation system (RDES) is proposed in this article. This new system is composed of eight different clinical factors that are divided into six levels of difficulties. The RDES is composed of 1. Endodontic complexity and outcome, 2. Vertical amount of coronal residual structure and dimension of the pulp chamber, 3. Horizontal amount of coronal residual structure, 4. Restoration marginal seal, 5. Local interdisciplinary conditions, 6. the complexity of the treatment planning, 7. Functional need, 8. Dental wear and esthetic need.ConclusionThis article reviews the RDES and outlines critical steps and tips for clinical success.Clinical significanceThe RDES allows to any clinician to evaluate restorative difficulties when an endodontic treated tooth must be restored, combines clinical aspects that can involve from the single tooth to a full mouth rehabilitation.
Nurses’ perceived barriers to the delivery of person‐centred care to complex patients: A qualitative study using theoretical domains framework
Authors: Younas Ahtisham , Inayat Shahzad , Masih Samuel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo determine nurses’ perceived barriers to the delivery of person‐centred care to complex patients with multiple chronic conditions in acute care settings.BackgroundComplex patients have multiple physical and mental health problems, and their life is also greatly affected by sociocultural and economic determinants of health. These patients require person‐centred care, but nurses often find it challenging to provide effective care to these patients due to their complex health needs.DesignA descriptive qualitative design was used. The COREQ guidelines were followed for reporting.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 19 nurses in two hospitals. Data were analysed using deductive thematic analysis guided by the Theoretical Domains Framework, which entails 14 domains about factors affecting behaviours.ResultsThe key barriers were identified under environmental context and resources, social influences, emotions, knowledge and skills domains. Deep‐rooted social issues delay patients’ health‐seeking and nurses’ abilities to understand patients’ needs and discern appropriate care. Interpersonal hostility influenced nurse–patient–families interactions, and doctor–nurses conflicts affected collaborative efforts towards optimal care.ConclusionsNurses’ perceived barriers to care were intertwined with the deep‐rooted social and cultural beliefs about nurses’ image, patients’ expectations and families’ preference for home remedies over specialised nursing care. These barriers to person‐centred care demonstrate an intricate interplay of personal, social and organisational issues and power struggles. Multifaceted implementation strategies targeting environmental context and resources, social influences, emotions, knowledge and skills domains may be beneficial to enable nurses to provide better person‐centred care to complex patients.Relevance to clinical practiceDesigning implementation facilitation teams, organising person‐centred care grand rounds, and allocation of stress management resources to address hostility, social‐cultural influences, and organisational barriers is essential. Nurses could focus on their self‐awareness and collaborative skills to address emotional and interprofessional conflicts.
Effects of extended paternity leave on family dynamics
Authors: Hart Rannveig Kaldager , Andersen Synøve Nygaard , Drange Nina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTest if an extended paternity quota impacts couples' division of leave and paid work, and if these changes influence union stability, marriage propensity, and further childbearing.BackgroundInfluential empirical and theoretical works have linked unequal division of household and paid work to increasing divorce rates and falling fertility. This suggests that paternity quota reforms may affect family dynamics if they facilitate more time alone for a father and his young child.MethodsWe analyze an extension of the Norwegian parental leave father's quota from 6 to 10 weeks with a regression discontinuity design. Full population data of parents of children born in a 4‐month window around the reform are drawn from Norwegian administrative registers (N = 9757).ResultsThe reform significantly increased the amount of leave taken by fathers and reduced the amount of leave taken by mothers, while his and her subsequent earnings were unmoved. Neither union stability, fertility nor cohabiters' propensity to marry were affected by the change in leave uptake.ConclusionThe reform succeeded in changing the division of paid parental leave between parents. However, these changes did not translate into changes in earnings, family stability, or parity progression. This suggests that policies that induce fathers to spend more time with their young child do not move the “stalled” gender revolution along.
High species turnover and low intraspecific trait variation in endemic and non‐endemic plant species assemblages on an oceanic island
Authors: Hanz Dagmar Martina , Beloiu Mirela , Wipfler Raja , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Field Richard , Jentsch Anke , Vetaas Ole Reidar , Irl Severin David Howard 
Published: February 2022

AbstractQuestionsBoth species turnover and intraspecific trait variation can affect plant assemblage dynamics along environmental gradients. Here, we asked how community assemblage patterns in relation to species turnover and intraspecific variation differ between endemic and non‐endemic species. We hypothesized that endemic species show lower intraspecific variation than non‐endemic species because they tend to have high rates of in situ speciation, whereas non‐endemic species are expected to have a larger gene pool and higher phenotypic plasticity.LocationLa Palma, Canary Islands.MethodsWe established 44 sampling sites along a directional gradient of precipitation, heat load, soil nitrogen, phosphorus and pH. Along this gradient, we estimated species abundances and measured three traits (plant height, leaf area and leaf thickness) on perennial endemic and non‐endemic plant species. In total, we recorded traits for 1,223 plant individuals of 43 species. Subsequently, we calculated community‐weighted mean traits to measure the relative contribution of species turnover, intraspecific variation and their covariation along the analysed gradient.ResultsThe contribution of intraspecific variation to total variation was similar in endemic and non‐endemic assemblages. For plant height, intraspecific variation explained roughly as much variation as species turnover. For leaf area and leaf thickness, intraspecific variation explained almost no variation. Species turnover effects mainly drove trait responses along the environmental gradient, but intraspecific variation was important for responses in leaf area to precipitation.ConclusionsDespite their distinct evolutionary history, endemic and non‐endemic plant assemblages show similar patterns in species turnover and intraspecific variation. Our results indicate that species turnover is the main component of trait variation in the underlying study system. However, intraspecific variation can increase individual species’ fitness in response to precipitation. Overall, our study challenges the theory that intraspecific trait variation is more important for the establishment of non‐endemic species compared with endemic species.
Chest CT‐assessed comorbidities and all‐cause mortality risk in COPD patients in the BODE cohort
Authors: Ezponda Ana , Casanova Ciro , Divo Miguel , Marín‐Oto Marta , Cabrera Carlos , Marín Jose M. , Bastarrika Gorka , Pinto‐Plata Víctor , Martin‐Palmero Ángela , Polverino Francesca , Celli Bartolome R. , de Torres Juan P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe availability of chest computed tomography (CT) imaging can help diagnose comorbidities associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Their systematic identification and relationship with all‐cause mortality have not been explored. Furthermore, whether their CT‐detected prevalence differs from clinical diagnosis is unknown.MethodsThe prevalence of 10 CT‐assessed comorbidities was retrospectively determined at baseline in 379 patients (71% men) with mild to severe COPD attending pulmonary clinics. Anthropometrics, smoking history, dyspnoea, lung function, exercise capacity, BODE (BMI, Obstruction, Dyspnoea and Exercise capacity) index and exacerbations rate were recorded. The prevalence of CT‐determined comorbidities was compared with that recorded clinically. Over a median of 78 months of observation, the independent association with all‐cause mortality was analysed. A ‘CT‐comorbidome’ graphically expressed the strength of their association with mortality risk.ResultsCoronary artery calcification, emphysema and bronchiectasis were the most prevalent comorbidities (79.8%, 62.7% and 33.9%, respectively). All were underdiagnosed before CT. Coronary artery calcium (hazard ratio [HR] 2.09; 95% CI 1.03–4.26, p = 0.042), bronchiectasis (HR 2.12; 95% CI 1.05–4.26, p = 0.036) and low psoas muscle density (HR 2.61; 95% CI 1.23–5.57, p = 0.010) were independently associated with all‐cause mortality and helped define the ‘CT‐comorbidome’.ConclusionThis study of COPD patients shows that systematic detection of 10 CT‐diagnosed comorbidities, most of which were not detected clinically, provides information of potential use to patients and clinicians caring for them.
Assessment of workplace integration of migrant nurses and midwives within international health care settings: a scoping review protocol
Authors: McBrien Barry , O’Brien Frances , Shetty Shobha Rani , Eustace-Cook Jessica , Byrne Gobnait 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to map the available evidence on the assessment of workplace integration of migrant nurses and midwives in international health care settings.

Introduction:
Internationally, migrant nurses and midwives are an increasingly important resource in government strategy for addressing the current and predicted workforce shortages in health care. Much has been documented about the orientation stages of their transition to foreign workplaces but few sources have considered the workplace integration of this population.

Inclusion criteria:
The review will include all studies involving migrant nurses and midwives who are working outside their country of initial nurse or midwife registration for at least one year. The context will be all hospital, community, and residential care home settings, including the mental health, intellectual disability, and maternity care sectors.

Methods:
The JBI methodology for scoping reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews will be used to conduct this review. The databases to be searched will include CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and Google Scholar. Gray literature will also be searched and a hand search will be conducted of sources that fall outside these database searches. Two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts, and full-text articles. The extracted data will be presented in a tabulated chart accompanied by a narrative summary that aligns with the objectives and scope of this review.
Process-Recipe Development for Printing of Multilayer Circuitry With Z-Axis Interconnects Using Aerosol-Jet Printed Dielectric Vias
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Narangaparambil Jinesh , Soni Ved , Miller Scott 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Flexible electronics is emerging as a new consumer-industry phenomenon. The promise of additively printed flexible electronics has sparked interest in a detailed understanding of the parameters and interactions of the printing process with the realized performance. Aerosol Jet printing technology has garnered increased interest, owing to a noncontact nature of print process and the high standoff allowing for printing on nonplanar surfaces. Prior efforts with aerosol-jet printing have focused on single-layer substrates. The current efforts focus on higher end printed circuit boards designs, which may need multilayers, with multilayer stacking of interconnections and z-axis connections through vias. The results presented in the paper attempt to address the need for process recipes for multilayer circuits and z-axis interconnects. Aerosol printing method has been shown to have wide compatibility with wide array of inks such as silver, copper, and carbon. Realization of high-volume scale-up of the process needs process recipes with statistical assessment of process stability and variance. In this paper, z-axis interconnects have been realized with the help of Aerosol printable silver ink and dielectric polyimide ink. The interaction of the sintering profile and the realized conductivity and shear load value of the printed conductive metal layers has been presented for each of the additional layers. Additive build-up processes may need successive exposure to temperature for the purpose of sintering. The downstream-printed conductive lines would undergo different sintering conditions and would then be tested for parameters such as interconnect resistance and shear load to failure. This paper explores the printing of multilayer up to eight conductive layers. Sintering profile for lower resistance per unit length and higher shear load to failure was tested.
An Experimental Study on Friction Contact Between Chamfered Labyrinth Fin and High Speed Rotor
Authors: Yan Xin , Dai Xinbo , He Kun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study reports an experimental work on friction contact between the chamfered labyrinth fin and high speed rotor at different incursion rates, final incursion depths, and sliding velocities. The small (original design case) and large specimens were selected to quantify the geometrical impact on the mass loss, plastic deformation, wear pattern, contact forces, and frictional temperature variations in the chamfered labyrinth fins. The results show that the contact-separations and contact force fluctuations are generated in rubbing events, which significantly affect the wear characteristics, contact forces, and temperature distributions for the small and large specimens. The abrasive and oxidation wears have pronounced influence on the wear behaviors of the tested specimen. At the same incursion condition, the mass loss percentages for the large specimen and small specimen are almost identical. As the sliding velocity increases from 55 m/s to 110 m/s, the mass loss percentage is decreased by 12–36%. For the large specimen, the mushrooming damage is mainly generated in the fin tip. The averaged frictional coefficient is 0.08–0.17, and the maximum temperature in the contact region is 640–700 °C. For the small specimen, the combined mushrooming and bending damage is generated in the labyrinth fin tip. The averaged frictional coefficient is 0.13–0.25, and the maximum temperature is 560–600 °C in the contact region. Due to the increased elasticity for the small specimen, the temperature fluctuation in the rubbing event is not as significant as the large one.
Demographic Correlates of Movement Behaviors in Infants: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Zhang Zhiguang , Predy Madison , Hesketh Kylie D. , Pritchard Lesley , Carson Valerie 
Published: February 2022

Background: Demographic correlates of movement behaviors in infants are unclear. This study examined the longitudinal associations between demographic correlates and movement behaviors in infants. Methods: Participants were 411 parents of infants from the Early Movers project in Edmonton, Canada. Movement behaviors, infant and parental age, and nonparental care time were assessed using a parental questionnaire at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Other infant and parental demographic variables were assessed at 2 months of age. Linear and generalized linear mixed models were conducted. Results: Infant age was associated with all movement behaviors except for restrained time. White infants and those with older parents had less tummy time but increased odds of having reading time. Infants of the most educated parents also had lower tummy time. Higher parental education and more siblings were associated with no screen time and longer infant sleep time. Infants with immigrant parent(s) were less likely to have reading time. No associations were found for infant sex, time spent in nonparental care, and parental marital status. Conclusion: Since no single demographic group demonstrated healthy patterns for all movement behaviors, promotion of a healthy balance of movement behaviors may be needed universally for all infants.
Prehabilitation for Recreational Runners: Motivators, Influencers, and Barriers to Injury Prevention Strategies for Running-Related Injury
Authors: Linton Linda , Barr Morag , Valentin Stephanie 
Published: February 2022

Context: Injury prevention programs are effective when implemented in team sports, but many recreational runners have less access to such focused interventions or peer support and often seek other sources to learn about injury reduction strategies. Objective: This study aimed to explore runners’ motivations in attending a prehabilitation (prehab) for runners workshop, establish their comprehension of prehab, and identify barriers to ongoing engagement with injury prevention. Design: Qualitative study using focus groups. Participants and Setting: Twenty-two runners participating in prehab for runners workshops took part in one of 4 focus groups, each recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using Grounded Theory to create codes, subthemes, and themes. Results: Four themes emerged: (1) Participation was influenced by experience of previous injury and worry of cessation of running. As the workshop ran weekly for 4 weeks, opportunity to see someone more than once who was also a physiotherapist influenced participation. (2) Runners welcomed clarification for online exercises and advice suggested for runners. They were surprised by the difficulty of single-leg neuromuscular facilitation exercises and reported benefit from most or all information especially non-exercise-based approaches such as load management, pain monitoring, and running cues. (3) Participants were empowered by a structured, holistic, and evidence-based approach that embraced autonomy for exercise self-selection and progression. Confidence to engage in open discussion was due to small group size. (4) Barriers to prehab were personal responsibility, equipment, time, lack of supervision, and peer influence. Conclusion: A composite approach to strategies for injury risk reduction during prehab, combining progressive exercises with educational resources, can address runners’ individual needs. Early discussion of motivational tools on commencement of prehab with guidance from runners on how to incorporate prehab independently into running training is recommended. Providing these tools allows runners to self-identify the approach best suited to their personal running profile at that given time.