bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A carta aos Romanos e a sua relevância para o testemunho da Igreja contemporânea
Authors: Martins Joelson Erbert , Schell Vitor Hugo , Wachholz Wilhelm 
Published: February 2025

A carta de Paulo aos Romanos aborda diversos temas considerados fundamentais para a teologia, servindo de referência para o desenvolvimento e consolidação de boa parte da dogmática cristã. O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a relevância e a influência histórica e teológica da carta aos Romanos para a tradição cristã, pontuando temas fundamentais da carta para a teologia e a atuação da Igreja contemporânea. A abordagem foi desenvolvida com base na consulta de documentos, livros e artigos de pessoas teólogas e comentaristas bíblicos com contribuições importantes para a proposta da pesquisa como Martinho Lutero, Klaus Haacker, James D. G. Dunn, John Stott, Ricardo W. Rieth, Konrad Schmid e Jens Schröter, entre outras pessoas que se dedicaram ao estudo da carta ou trabalharam aspectos históricos e teológicos relevantes, servindo como referência para a elaboração do artigo e que ajudam a destacar aspectos relevantes para a reflexão atual sobre a da carta aos Romanos.
Production of D−Amino Acid Using Whole Cells of Recombinant Escherichiacoli with Separately and Coexpressed D−Hydantoinase and N‐Carbamoylase
Authors: Park Joo‐Ho , Kim Geun‐Joong , Kim Hak‐Sung 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe developed a fully enzymatic process employing D−hydantoinase and N‐carbamoylase for the production of D−amino acid from 5′ ‐monosubstituted hydantoin. For the comparison of the reaction systems using two sequential enzymes, D−hydantoinase of Bacillus stearothermophilus SD1 and N‐carbamoyl‐D−amino acid amidohydrolase (N‐carbamoylase) of Agrobacterium tumefaciens NRRL B11291 were separately expressed in each host cell and coexpressed in the same host cell. A high level and constitutive expression of both enzymes in Escherichia coli in a soluble form was achieved using a promoter derived from B. stearothermophilus SD1. The expression levels of both enzymes ranged from 17% to 23% of the total soluble protein, depending on the expression system. In the case of employing separately expressed enzymes, the product yield of D−hydroxyphenylglycine from D,L−p‐hydroxyphenylhydantoin and productivity were 71% and 2.57 mM/g‐cell/h in 15 h, respectively. The accumulation of N‐carbamoyl‐D−hydroxyphenylglycine was significant over the reaction time. On the other hand, use of coexpressed enzymes resulted in 98% product yield of D−hydroxyphenylglycine in 15 h, minimizing the level of intermediates in the reaction mixture. The productivity of coexpressed whole cell reaction was estimated to be 6.47 mM/g‐cell/h in 15 h. The coexpressed system was tested for an elevated concentration of D,L−p‐hydroxyphenylhydantoin, and efficient production can be achieved.
Characterization of the X̃ 1A′ state of isocyanic acid
Authors: East Allan L. L. , Johnson Christopher S. , Allen Wesley D. 
Published: July 2002

Characteristics of the ground electronic state of HNCO have been investigated theoretically in a series of eight ab initio analyses involving qualitative features of the electronic structure, the barrier to linearity, the NH(3Σ−)+CO fragmentation energy, the H–NCO bond dissociation energy, heats of formation of isomers of HNCO, fundamental vibrational frequencies and anharmonic force fields, the rovibrational spectrum of DNCO, and the precise Re structure of isocyanic acid. Sundry state-of-the-art electronic structure methods were employed in the study, including restricted and unrestricted Hartree–Fock (RHF and UHF), complete-active-space self-consistent-field (CASSCF), configuration interaction singles and doubles (CISD), Mo/ller–Plesset perturbation theory through fourth and occasionally fifth order (MP2–MP5), coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CCSD), and CCSD augmented by a perturbative contribution from connected triple excitations [CCSD(T)]. The one-particle basis sets ranged in quality from (9s5p1d/4s2p1d) to (13s8p3d2f/6s5p3d2f ) on the heavy atoms and from (4s1p/2s1p) to (6s2p1d/4s2p1d) on hydrogen. Several revisions of thermochemical data are proposed, in particular, a larger barrier to linearity of 5.7(3) kcal mol−1, an enhanced bond energy of 85.4(10) kcal mol−1 for D0(NH–CO), and more reliable relative energies for the isomers of HNCO, viz., γe(HOCN)=25.5(10), γe(HCNO)=70(2), and γe(HONC)=84.5(15) kcal mol−1. In addition, the experimental value D0(H–NCO)=113.0(2) kcal mol−1 is confirmed. These results lead to several new proposals for heats of formation (ΔH°f,0, kcal mol−1): HNCO(−26.1), HOCN(−0.7), HCNO(+43.0), HONC (+57.6), and NCO(+35.3). A complete quartic force field has been constructed for HNCO by combining RHF third- and fourth-derivative predictions with CCSD quadratic force constants subjected to the scaled quantum mechanical (SQM) optimization scheme.
This force field yields a set of ωi and χij vibrational constants which gives the following fundamental frequencies (with total anharmonicities in parentheses): ν1=3534(−186), ν2=2268(−45), ν3=1330(−9), ν4=778(−50), ν5=576(+9), and ν6=657(+21) cm−1, thus reproducing the observed band origins to 4 cm−1 or less. For DNCO the theoretical force field reveals misassignments of the low-frequency bending vibrations and predicts ν4(a′)=727, ν5(a′)=458, and ν6(a″)=633 cm−1. Finally, the theoretical vibration–rotation interaction constants (αi) for five isotopic species of HNCO have been used in conjunction with empirical rotational constants and the Kraitchman equations to determine re(N–H)=1.0030(20) Å, re(N–C)=1.2145(6) Å, re(C–O)=1.1634(4) Å, θe(H–N–C)=123.34(20)°, and θe(N–C–O)=172.22(20)°.
Rotational autoionization dynamics in high Rydberg states of nitrogen
Authors: Merkt F. , Mackenzie S. R. , Softley T. P. 
Published: July 2002

The decay dynamics of the high Rydberg states of N2 converging on the first few rotational levels (N+=0,1,2,3) of the ground vibronic X 2Σ+g (v+=0) state of the N+2 cation have been investigated by delayed pulsed field ionization (PFI) following two-photon enhanced (2+1′) three-photon excitation via the a″ 1Σ+g (v′=0) state of N2. The experiments were carried out in the presence of a weak homogeneous dc electric field and at typical ion densities of 200–2000 ions/mm3. All Rydberg states in the range of principal quantum number n=140–200 exhibit extreme stability against autoionization and predissociation and some have lifetimes which exceed 30 μs. The decay of the highest Rydberg states beyond n=200 is induced by external perturbations (field ionization and collisional ionization) and no Rydberg states beyond n=350 can be observed by delayed PFI. The Rydberg states which converge on the N+=0 and 1 rotational levels of the ion, and which therefore are not subject to rotational autoionization, decay into neutral products (by a process presumed to be predissociation) in less than 7 μs in the range n&lt;100. The importance of predissociation is greatly reduced beyond n=100 and becomes negligible on our experimental timescale (30 μs) above n=140. The decay of the Rydberg states converging on the N+=2 and 3 rotational levels of the ion is more complex. Below n=100, only 30%–40% of the Rydberg population decays by fast rotational autoionization whereas 60%–70% decays by predissociation.
The importance of predissociation decreases rapidly above n=100 and becomes negligible beyond n=140. The decay by rotational autoionization can be observed at all n values but becomes noticeably slower beyond n=100. In the range n=140–200 it exhibits a marked biexponential decaying behavior with 30% of the population decaying within a few microseconds and 70% displaying long term stability (τ≳30 μs). The branching between predissociation and autoionization is explained by the effect of the dc electric field which mixes strongly the optically accessible p Rydberg series with the high l manifold beyond n=100. The long lifetimes observed experimentally indicate that ml mixing becomes important as soon as l mixing sets in.
Effect of cyclosporin‐A on the blood–retinal barrier permeability in streptozotocin‐induced diabetes
Authors: Carmo Anália , Cunha-Vaz José G. , Carvalho Arsélio P. , Lopes Maria Celeste 
Published: July 2002

Background: Our previous results showed that in retinas from streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats there is an increased level of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β ). This cytokine may be involved in the expression of the inducible isoform of the nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), with consequent synthesis of large amounts of NO and
blood–retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown.Aims: The aim of this work was to examine whether the administration of cyclosporin‐A (Cs‐A) to STZinduced diabetic rats inhibits the synthesis of IL‐1β and the expression of the inducible proteins, iNOS and cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) in retinal cells, and whether the activity of these proteins contribute to BRB breakdown.Methods: The level of IL‐1β was evaluated by ELISA and the NO production by
L‐{3H}‐citrulline formation. Expression of iNOS and COX‐2 proteins was determined by two methods, western blot and immunohistochemistry. The permeability of the BRB was assessed by quantification of the vitreous protein.Results and discussion: Our results indicated that the levels of IL‐1β and NO in retinas from Cs‐A‐treated diabetic rats are significantly reduced, as compared to that in non‐treated diabetic rats. The treatment of diabetic rats with Cs‐A also significantly inhibited the expression of the inducible proteins, iNOS and COX2. The evaluation of the vitreous protein content revealed that Cs‐A also reduces the BRB permeability. Taken together, these results suggest that the increased production of the inflammatory mediators, IL‐1β and NO, in diabetes may affect the BRB permeability and therefore contribute to the development of diabetic retinopathy.
Soft Tissue Sarcoma: The Predominant Primary Malignancy in the Retroperitoneum
Authors: Dalen Thijs van , Coebergh Jan-Willem W. , Casparie Mariel K. , Gimbrère Charles H. F. , Hoekstra Harald J. , Van Geel Bert N. , Coevorden Frits Van , Hennipman Adriaan 
Published: July 2002

Purpose. In the clinical work‐up of a retroperitoneal mass, the diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma is often not considered. Incidence
rates of various malignant and benign retroperitoneal tumours were studied to determine the incidence of soft tissue
sarcoma in comparison with other neoplasms in the retroperitoneal space.Method. Nation‐wide data on retroperitoneal tumours, collected prospectively over a 5‐year period (1 January 1989– 1 January
1994), were supplied by the Netherlands Cancer Registry and The Dutch Network and National Database for Pathology.Results. Seven hundred and six patients with a primary retroperitoneal neoplasm were identified; 566 patients had a malignant
tumour (80%). A soft tissue sarcoma (STS) was the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumour (n = 192), The agestandardised
incidence of retroperitoneal STS was 2.5 per million person‐years. The male/female ratio for STS was 0.73. In
females, STS comprised 41%of all malignant retroperitoneal tumours, carcinoma of unknown primary tumour site (CUP)
comprised 31%, and malignant lymphomas (ML) comprised 22%, whereas in males these values were 28% (STS), 30%
(CUP), and 32% (ML), respectively.Discussion. Soft tissue sarcomas, albeit rare, are relatively common primary tumours in the retroperitoneum, especially in
women.
Growth in the Lower Limb Following Chemotherapy for a Malignant Primary Bone Tumour: A Straight‐Line Graph
Authors: Cool Paul , Davies Mark , Grimer Rob J. , Carter Simon R. , Tillman Roger M. 
Published: July 2002

Purpose. The aim of this paper was to assess the growth in the unaffected lower limb of children who had received
chemotherapy for a malignant primary bone tumour around the knee.Subjects/methods. Following diagnosis, all children (45, of which 32 were boys and 13 were girls) were staged. If
limb‐salvage surgery was thought appropriate, measured radiographs of both legs was performed, the bone age was
estimated and the expected growth in the femur and tibia was calculated according to Tupman. These procedures were
repeated at follow‐up and the data plotted. Regression and correlation coefficients were also calculated.Results. The observed regression line in boys was almost identical to Tupman′s curve. However, the observed growth in
girls was larger than the expected growth.Discussion. It is recommended that the regression lines presented here are used in the calculation of the expected growth
in the lower limb of children who have received chemotherapy for a malignant primary bone tumour, especially in girls.
Disseminating Adamantinoma of the Tibia
Authors: Van Geel Albert N. , Hazelbag Hans M. , Slingerland Rob , Vermeulen Margit I. 
Published: July 2002

Patient. This report describes a patient with a primary long bone adamantinoma. The lesion was
initially wrongly diagnosed as fibrous dysplasia and the patient was treated by curettage. At second local recurrence, the tumour
had progressed from an osteofibrous dysplasia‐like to a full‐blown classic adamantinoma, with metastatic potential to the lungs
19 years after the initial treatment. Lung metastasectomy by sternotomy was carried out twice in a period of over years. The patient is currently alive without evidence of other metastatic disease.Discussion. From the files of the Netherlands Committee on Bone Tumors, another five patients with
lung metastaseswere studied. All types of adamantinoma should be treated by complete en bloc resection.
For patients with metastatic spread to the lungs, close radiological follow‐up and excision of tumour nodules seems
to be the only logic treatment modality.
Primary Liposarcoma of the Mediastinum
Authors: Greif Joel , Marmor Silvia , Merimsky Ofer , Kovner Felix , Inbar Moshe 
Published: July 2002

Patient. A 62‐year‐old man presented with effort dyspnea, non‐productive cough and weakness of 4 month duration. He had no findings on physical examination.Discussion. Chest X‐ray revealed a large mass in the left anterior mediastinum. Computerized tomography of the chest showed a well‐delineated homogeneous mediastinal mass with fat‐equivalent density and a small pleural effusion. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed narrowing of the left main bronchus, secondary to external compression. The bronchial mucosa was normal and brush cytology was negative. A CT‐guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the mass yielded fragments of cells embedded in myxoid background material and closely packed atypical lipoblasts, compatible with liposarcoma. The patient underwent a left lateral thoracotomy and margibnal resection of the mass. The histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of mixed‐type liposarcoma, consisted of myxoid and pleomorphic liposarcoma. Postoperative two‐field radiation therapy was delivered to the mediastinum for a total midplane dose of 40 Gy. After a disease‐free interval of 8 months the disease recurred in the mediastinum and pleura. Palliative chemotherapy achieved a short duration partial response but the patient succumbed to local recurrence 2 years after the diagnosis.
Surgical Treatment for Skeletal Metastases From Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Experience With 23 Lesions in 20 Patients
Authors: Yoshikawa Hideki , Ueda Takafumi , Kudawara Ikuo , Araki Nobuhito , Yonenobu Kazuo , Ochi Takahiro , Uchida Atsumasa 
Published: July 2002

Purpose. This paper reports the procedures and the clinical results of a series of surgical treatments for skeletal metastases from soft tissue sarcomas.Subjects and methods. Surgical treatment of metastatic bony lesions from soft tissue sarcomas has been carried out over a 20 year period (1975–1996). Thirty‐two patients developed skeletal metastases from soft tissue sarcomas, and 20 of these cases received surgical treatment. The 23 metastatic bony lesions in these 20 patients were treated using the following
surgical approaches: wide resection with prosthetic replacement in five lesions, wide or marginal resection without reconstruction in four lesions, intramedullarly nailing with curettage and methylmethacrylate cementation in four lesions, marginal resection of vertebral body with replacement by a ceramic prosthesis in three lesions, laminectomy in three lesions, intramedullarly nailing in two lesions, and curettage in two lesions.Results. Relief of pain was achieved in 17 of the 20 patients. The ambulatory status of the patients with metastasis in the lower extremity or periacetabular region was significantly improved in nine of 10 cases. Seventeen patients died of disease, with a mean survival period of 17.9 months after surgery for metastasis.Discussion. Although surgical treatment for skeletal metastases from soft tissue sarcomas cannot save the life of the patient, it can be of value in improving their well‐being and overall quality of life. In these cases, surgical intervention may be more frequently indicated than in tumors with an osteoblastic or mixed pattern.
Concurrent Hypofractionated Radiotherapy and 5‐Fluorouracil for Advanced Sarcomas of the Bone
Authors: Zambatis Charalambos , Skarlatos John , Koukourakis Michael , Kosma Lambrini , Giatromanolaki Alexandra , Beroukas Kostantinos , Yannakakis Dimitrios 
Published: July 2002

Purpose. 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) has shown radiosensitizing properties in vitro. This paper reports the effects of radiotherapy and concomitant intravenous 5‐FU radiosensitization in the treatment of advanced bone sarcomas.Subjects/methods. Four patients with large inoperable bone sarcomas (three chondrosarcomas and one fibrosarcoma) were treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy and concomitant 5‐FU bolus injection (300 mg m−2) before each fraction of radiotherapy. A radiation fraction of 5 Gy was given twice a week to a normalized total dose (α/β=4 Gy) of 75 Gy.Results. The regimen was well tolerated, the main toxicity being grade I/II diarrhoea in two cases with pelvic irradiation. Treatment interruption for 1 week was necessary in two cases with pelvic disease but not in two patients treated for sarcoma of the extremities. A complete symptomatic relief was obtained in all cases immediately after the third to the fifth fraction and the median duration was 10 months. Computed tomography scan documented a partial response in 2/4 cases.Discussion. Hypofractionated radiotherapy combined with potential lethal damage inhibitors for bone sarcomas requires further investigation.
A Phase II Study of Docetaxel in Chemotherapy‐Naïve Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Bramwell Vivien , Blackstein Martin , Belanger Karl , Verma Shail , Beare Sandra , Eisenhauer Elizabeth 
Published: July 2002

Purpose: To determine the efficacy and toxicity of docetaxel as first‐line chemotherapy in adult patients with locally advanced and/or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma (STS).Patients/methods. Thirty eligible patients, with histologically proven STS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0–2 and bidimensionally measurable disease, entered this study. None had received previous chemotherapy. Docetaxel 100 mg m−2 was given as a 1‐h intravenous infusion every 3 weeks. Patients were evaluable for
response, evaluated by WHO criteria, after one cycle of chemotherapy and toxicity was graded by NCIC‐CTG common toxicity criteria.Results. One hundred and thirty two cycles were aldministered, with a range per patient of 1–9. The median delivered dose intensity was 32.2 mg m−2 week−1 (planned 33.3 mg m−2 week−1 ) and 67% of patients received ≥90% planned dose intensity. There were three partial responses (10.7%; 95% confidence interval 2.3–28.2) with a median duration of 7 months (range 6.4–8.3 months). Thirty patients were evaluable for non‐haematological toxicity and 28 for haematological toxicity (repeat counts were not available in two patients). Haematological toxicity was moderately severe, with 18 (64%) patients experiencing at least one episode of grade 4 neutropenia, and 7 (25%) patients experiencing febrile neutropenia.Conclusions. In this study, activity of docetaxel in adult chemotherapy‐naïve patients with advanced STS was modest
Inhibition of Apoptotic Signaling Cascades Causes Loss of Trophic Factor Dependence during Neuronal Maturation
Authors: Putcha Girish V. , Deshmukh Mohanish , Johnson Eugene M. 
Published: July 2002

During development, neurons are acutely dependent on target-derived trophic factors for survival. This dependence on trophic support decreases dramatically with maturation in several neuronal populations, including sympathetic neurons. Analyses of nerve growth factor deprivation in immature and mature sympathetic neurons indicate that maturation aborts the cell death pathway at a point that is mechanistically indistinguishable from Bax deletion. However, neither the mRNA nor protein level of BAX changes with neuronal maturation. Therefore, BAX must be regulated posttranslationally in mature neurons.
Nerve growth factor deprivation in immature sympathetic neurons induces two parallel processes: (a) a protein synthesis–dependent, caspase-independent translocation of BAX from the cytosol to mitochondria, followed by mitochondrial membrane integration and loss of cytochrome c; and (b) the development of competence-to-die, which requires neither macromolecular synthesis nor BAX expression. Activation of both signaling pathways is required for caspase activation and apoptosis in immature sympathetic neurons. In contrast, nerve growth factor withdrawal in mature sympathetic neurons did not induce the translocation of either BAX or cytochrome c. Moreover, mature neurons did not develop competence-to-die with cytoplasmic accumulation of cytochrome c. Therefore, inhibition of both BAX-dependent cytochrome c release and the development of competence-to-die contributed to the loss of trophic factor dependence associated with neuronal maturation.
Nef of HIV‐1 interacts directly with calcium‐bound calmodulin
Authors: Hayashi Nobuhiro , Matsubara Mamoru , Jinbo Yuji , Titani Koiti , Izumi Yoshinobu , Matsushima Norio 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIt was recently found that the myristoyl group of CAP‐23/NAP‐22, a neuron‐specific protein kinase C substrate, is essential for the interaction between the protein and Ca2+‐bound calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM). Based on the N‐terminal amino acid sequence alignment of CAP‐23/NAP‐22 and other myristoylated proteins, including the Nef protein from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we proposed a new hypothesis that the protein myristoylation plays important roles in protein–calmodulin interactions. To investigate the possibility of direct interaction between Nef and calmodulin, we performed structural studies of Ca2+/CaM in the presence of a myristoylated peptide corresponding to the N‐terminal region of Nef. The dissociation constant between Ca2+/CaM and the myristoylated Nef peptide was determined to be 13.7 nM by fluorescence spectroscopy analyses. The NMR experiments indicated that the chemical shifts of some residues on and around the hydrophobic clefts of Ca2+/CaM changed markedly in the Ca2+/CaM‐Nef peptide complex with the molar ratio of 1:2. Correspondingly, the radius of gyration determined by the small angle X‐ray scattering measurements is 2–3 Å smaller that of Ca2+/CaM alone. These results demonstrate clearly that Nef interacts directly with Ca2+/CaM.