bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A QuantCrit investigation of society’s educational debts due to racism, sexism, and classism in biology student learning
Authors: Nissen Jayson , Van Dusen Ben , Kukday Sayali 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe investigated the intersectional relationships between racism, sexism, and classism in inequities in student conceptual knowledge in introductory biology courses using a quantitative critical framework. Using Bayesian hierarchical linear models, we examined students’ conceptual knowledge as measured by the Introductory Molecular and Cell Biology Assessment. The data came from the LASSO database and included 6,547 students from 87 introductory courses at 11 institutions. The model indicated that students with marginalized identities by race, gender, and class tended to start with lower scores than continuing-generation, White men. We conceptualized these differences as educational debts society owed these students due to racism, sexism, and classism. Instruction added to these educational debts for most marginalized groups, with the largest increases for students with multiple marginalized identities. After instruction, society owed Black and Hispanic, first-generation women an educational debt equal to 60-80% of the average learning in the courses. These courses almost all (85/87) used collaborative learning and half (45/87) supported instruction with learning assistants. While research shows collaborative learning better serves students than lecture-based instruction, these results indicate it does not repay educational debts due to racism, sexism, and classism.
Sinking a giant: quantitative macroevolutionary comparative methods debunk qualitative assumptions
Authors: Fabbri Matteo , Navalón Guillermo , Benson Roger B. J. , Pol Diego , O’Connor Jingmai , Bhullar Bhart-Anjan S. , Erickson Gregory M. , Norell Mark A. , Orkney Andrew , Lamanna Matthew C. , Zouhri Samir , Becker Justine , Dal Sasso Cristiano , Bindellini Gabriele , Maganuco Simone , Auditore Marco , Ibrahim Nizar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMyhrvold et al.1 suggest that our inference of subaqueous foraging among spinosaurids2 is undermined by selective bone sampling, inadequate statistical procedures, and use of inaccurate ecological categorizations. Myhrvold et al.1 ignore major details of our analyses and results, and instead choose to portray our inferences as if they were based on qualitative interpretations of our plots, without providing additional analyses to support their claims. In this manuscript, we thoroughly discuss all the concerns exposed by Myhrvold et al.1. Additional analyses based on our original datasets2 and novel data presented by Myhrvold et al.1 do not change our original interpretations: while the spinosaurid dinosaurs Spinosaurus and Baryonyx are recovered as subaqueous foragers, Suchomimus is inferred as a non-diving animal.
Interest on reserves, bank runs and investment decisions
Authors: Wang Zhan 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to study the effects of interest on reserves (IOR) on banks’ behavior in a theoretical framework.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper introduces IOR into both Cooper and Ross (1998) and Cooper and Ross (2002) and conducts quantitative analysis. It thoroughly examines the effects of IOR on banks’ resource allocation decisions under different assumptions.

Findings
In the model without deposit insurance, the results of this paper show that paying IOR facilitates the bank to use the run-proof contract. When the run-admitting contract is adopted, there is a set of conditions under which the bank is indifferent between holding illiquid asset and excess liquid reserves. In the model with deposit insurance, the results show that if the riskless illiquid investment is profitable and available, then paying IOR can hardly influence the bank's resource allocation. If the riskless illiquid investment is limited, then a certain level of IOR could fulfill some monetary targets.

Originality/value
Little research has combined IOR and model of bank runs. It helps to extend the theoretical analysis in this perspective.
Optimal charging plan for electric bus considering time-of-day electricity tariff
Authors: Liu Yuhan , Wang Linhong , Zeng Ziling , Bie Yiming 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to develop an optimization method for charging plans with the implementation of time-of-day (TOD) electricity tariff, to reduce electricity bill.

Design/methodology/approach
Two optimization models for charging plans respectively with fixed and stochastic trip travel times are developed, to minimize the electricity costs of daily operation of an electric bus. The charging time is taken as the optimization variable. The TOD electricity tariff is considered, and the energy consumption model is developed based on real operation data. An optimal charging plan provides charging times at bus idle times in operation hours during the whole day (charging time is 0 if the bus is not get charged at idle time) which ensure the regular operation of every trip served by this bus.

Findings
The electricity costs of the bus route can be reduced by applying the optimal charging plans.

Originality/value
This paper produces a viable option for transit agencies to reduce their operation costs.
Growing the community bank in the shadow of national banks: an empirical analysis of the U.S. banking industry, 1994–2018
Authors: Hoskins Jake David , Abadi Sarah 
Published: May 2022

PurposeWith rising industry consolidation in the banking industry, it is unclear whether community banks may find more or less market opportunities. This paper aims to investigate how industry consolidation may affect community banks’ market share outcomes. The second goal of this paper is to establish the ways in which community banks may successfully manage market share growth goals that may be antithetical to the principles of being a local brand.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical analysis is on the US banking industry, spanning the years from 1994 to 2018. This comprehensive panel data set includes county-year level granularity for more than 15,000 banks. Panel regression models that include bank-, county- and year-specific fixed effects are deployed.FindingsIt is found that local brands, operationalized as community banks in this study’s empirical context, are having the most success in consolidated market contexts. When pursuing market share growth, a distribution strategy to saturate a local market is found to be advantageous while expanding across geographies is less advisable for community banks.Originality/valueThe findings shed empirical light on the challenges and opportunities for community banks, thereby contributing to the banking industry literature and to an emerging stream of research on local brand management. By demonstrating the means of which growth can be successfully managed by local brands, the important and largely unanswered question of how a local brand can effectively grow is addressed.
Design and implementation of miniaturized tri-band microwave bandpass filter
Authors: P. Ponnammal , J. Manjula 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
This paper is aimed to study the design of a miniaturized filter with tri-band characteristics. In this paper, perturbation is used to realize circuit miniaturization and multi-band by exploiting the inductive property. During this process, vias are added for twofold benefit, namely, circuit miniaturization and enhanced frequency selectivity at high frequency. Thus, with the introduction of the shorting via, the single-band dual-mode bandpass filter is converted into a tri-band filter with a smaller electrical size.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents the design and characterization of a miniaturized two-port filter with tri-band operating characteristics. The proposed filter is constructed using a square patch resonator operating at 5.2 GHz with a capacitively coupled feed configuration. A square perturbation is added to the corner of the square patch to achieve diagonal symmetry and to excite dual mode. The perturbation offers a sharp transmission zero defining bandwidth of the proposed filter. In addition, a shorting post is introduced to achieve an 88% size reduction by lowering the operating frequency to 1.8 GHz.

Findings
The prototype filter has insertion less than 1.2 dB and return loss better than 12 dB throughout all the realized frequency bands. The prototype filter is fabricated and the simulation results are validated using experimental measurements. The realized fractional bandwidths of the proposed bandpass filter are 11/5.6/1 at 1.8/4.6/5.85 GHz, respectively. The quality factor of the proposed antenna is greater than 80 and a peak Q-factor of 387 is realized at 5.85 GHz. The high Q-factor indicates low loss and improved selectivity. The rejection levels in the stopband are greater than 20 dB.

Originality/value
The results indicate that the proposed filter is a suitable choice for low-power small-scale wireless systems operating in the microwave bands. The realized filter has the smallest footprint of 0.36λeff  × 0.19λeff where λeff is the effective wavelength calculated at the lowest frequency of operation.
Aroma-taste-texture cross-modal interactions for sugar reduction in yoghurt drink
Authors: Thun Yi Jing , Yan See Wan , Tan Chin Ping , Teoh Wen Xin , Gan Xin Yue 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
Prevention of chronic diseases by means of dietary modification can be achieved by consuming healthier foods with lower sugar content. However, reducing sugar content causes significant impact on the sensory quality and consumers’ acceptance towards local healthy products. This study aims to evaluate the effects of cross-modal interactions of Aroma-Taste-Texture (ATT) in yoghurt drink.

Design/methodology/approach
Fifteen sugar reduced yoghurt drinks [S, sugar percentage (0%, 2%, 4%); T, stevia dosage (0%, 0.01%, 0.02%); P, pectin dosage (0%, 0.3%, 0.6%)] based on ATT were evaluated by 300 consumer panellists on aroma, taste, texture and overall acceptability on a nine-point hedonic scale while sweetness intensity was measured using a seven-point just-about-right (JAR) scale. Interactions between ATT were determined.

Findings
Significant interaction was found between sugar and stevia, with F14 (4S0.02T0P) rated as sweeter than F4 (0S0.02T0P) (p = 0.003) and higher overall liking score than F11 (4S0T0P) (p = 0.001). Similarly, significant interaction was found between sugar and pectin, with F2 (0S0T0.6P) rated as significantly lower overall liking score and less sweet than F1 (0S0T0P) (p = 0.0001). Likewise, significant interaction was found between stevia and pectin, with F2 (0S0T0.6P) rated as significantly lower overall liking score and less sweet than F1 (0S0T0P) (p = 0.0001). Overall, F5 (0S0.02T0.6P) scored highest in overall liking and closest to the ideal sweetness (JAR = 4) indicating the possibility to apply 100% sugar replacement.

Originality/value
Application from the present study could be great potential solution in developing healthier range products while meeting consumer preference. The present study concluded that interactions of ATT of yoghurt drink will induce desirable changes in sensory and sweetness perception.
Physician‐ versus practice‐level primary care continuity and association with outcomes in Medicare beneficiaries
Authors: Yang Zhou , Ganguli Ishani , Davis Caitlin , Dai Mingliang , Shuemaker Jill , Peterson Lars , Bazemore Andrew , Phillips Robert , Chung Yoon Kyung 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare physician‐level versus practice‐level primary care continuity and their association with expenditure and acute care utilization among Medicare beneficiaries and evaluate whether continuity of outpatient primary care at either/both physician or/and practice level could be useful quality measures.Data SourceMedicare Fee‐For‐Service claims data for community dwelling beneficiaries without end‐stage renal disease who were attributed to a national random sample of primary care practices billing Medicare (2011–2017).Study DesignRetrospective secondary data analysis at per Medicare beneficiary per year level. We used multivariable linear regression with practice‐level fixed effects to estimate continuity of care score at physician versus practice level and their associations with outcomes.Data Collection/Extraction MethodWe calculated clinician‐ and practice‐level Bice–Boxerman continuity of care index scores, ranging from 0 to 1, using primary care outpatient claims. Medicare expenditures, hospital admissions, emergency department (ED) visits, and readmissions were obtained from the Medicare Beneficiary Summary File: Cost and Utilization Segment. Ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) were defined using diagnosis codes on inpatient claims.Principal FindingsWe studied 2,359,400 beneficiaries who sought care from 13,926 physicians. Every 0.1 increase in physician continuity score was associated with a $151 reduction in expenditure per beneficiary per year (p < 0.01), and every 0.1 increase in practice continuity score was associated with $282 decrease (p < 0.01) per beneficiary per year. Both physician‐ and practice‐level continuity were associated with lower Medicare expenditures among small, medium, and large practices. Both physician‐ and practice‐level continuity were associated with lower probabilities of hospitalization, ED visit, admissions for ACSC, and readmission.ConclusionsPrimary care continuity of care could serve as a potent value‐based care quality metric. Physician‐level continuity is a unique value center that cannot be supplanted by practice‐level continuity.
Sensitivity of two Australian melanoma risk tools to identify high‐risk individuals among people presenting with their first primary melanoma
Authors: Tan Katrina , Lo Serigne N. , Cust Anne E. , Wolfe Rory , Mar Victoria 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsRegular skin examinations for early detection of melanoma are recommended for high‐risk individuals, but there is minimal consensus regarding what constitutes ‘high‐risk’. Melanoma risk prediction models may guide this. We compared two online melanoma risk prediction tools: Victorian Melanoma Service (VMS) and Melanoma Institute Australia (MIA) risk tools; to assess classification differences of patients at high‐risk of a first primary melanoma.MethodsRisk factor data for 357 patients presenting with their first primary melanoma were entered into both risk tools. Predicted risks were recorded: 5‐year absolute risk (VMS tool and MIA tool); 10‐year, lifetime, and relative risk estimates (MIA tool). Sensitivities for each tool were calculated using the same high‐risk thresholds.The MIA risk tool showed greater sensitivity on comparison of 5‐year absolute risks (90% MIA vs 78% VMS). Patients had significantly higher odds of being classified as high or very‐high risk using the MIA risk tool overall, and for each patient subgroup. Using either tool, patients of male gender or with synchronous multiple first primary melanomas were more likely to be correctly classified as high‐ or very‐high risk using 5‐year absolute risk thresholds; but tumour invasiveness was unrelated to risk. Classification differed when using the MIA risk categories based on relative risk.ConclusionsBoth melanoma risk prediction tools had high sensitivity for identifying individuals at high‐risk and could be used for optimising prevention campaigns. The choice of which risk tool, measure, and threshold for risk stratification depends on the intended purpose of risk prediction, and ideally requires information on specificity.
Human pluripotent stem cell registry: Operations, role and current directions
Authors: Kurtz Andreas , Mah Nancy , Chen Ying , Fuhr Antonie , Kobold Sabine , Seltmann Stefanie , Müller Sabine C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe human plutiripotent stem cell registry (hPSCreg) is a global database for human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (hESC, hiPSC). The publicly accessible Registry (https://hpscreg.eu) was set up to provide a transparent resource of quality‐assessed hPSC lines as well as to increase reproducibility of research and interoperability of data.ObjectivesIn this review, we describe the establishment of the Registry and its mission, its development into a knowledgebase for hPSC and the current status of hPSC‐focussed databases. The data categories available in hPSCreg are detailed. In addition, sharing and hurdles to data sharing on a global level are described.ConclusionsAn outlook is provided on the establishment of digital representatives of donors using hybrids of data and hPSC‐based biological models, and how this can also be used to reposition databases as mediators between donors and researchers.
‘Obesities’: Position statement on a complex disease entity with multifaceted drivers
Authors: Yárnoz‐Esquiroz Patricia , Olazarán Laura , Aguas‐Ayesa Maite , Perdomo Carolina M. , García‐Goñi Marta , Silva Camilo , Fernández‐Formoso José Antonio , Escalada Javier , Montecucco Fabrizio , Portincasa Piero , Frühbeck Gema 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Academic medicine fosters research that moves from discovery to translation, at the same time as promoting education of the next generation of professionals.

In the field of obesity, the supposed integration of knowledge, discovery and translation research to clinical care is being particularly hampered.

The classification of obesity based on the body mass index does not account for several subtypes of obesity.

The lack of a universally shared definition of “obesities” makes it impossible to establish the real burden of the different obesity phenotypes.

The individual's genotype, adipotype, enterotype and microbiota interplays with macronutrient intake, appetite, metabolism and thermogenesis.

Further investigations based on the concept of differently diagnosed “obesities” are required.
Emicizumab state‐of‐the‐art update
Authors: Mahlangu Johnny , Iorio Alfonso , Kenet Gili 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionEmicizumab is a bispecific monoclonal antibody developed to address the unmet needs of clotting factor replacement therapy and has become the benchmark for optimal prophylaxis in managing patients with haemophilia A with inhibitors. We describe the emicizumab rollout and pharmacokinetic strategies and their use in paediatric patients.MethodsThe evolving real‐world experience in using emicizumab has confirmed its safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile in paediatric, adolescent and adult patients receiving emicizumab at various prophylactic dosing regimens. The emicizumab current global rollout includes over 100 countries with 29 low to middle‐income countries accessing emicizumab through the World Federation of Haemophilia (WFH) Humanitarian Aid Program. The diversity of emicizumab dosing and pharmacokinetic tools such as the Calibra® and the WAPPS‐Hemo platforms make it possible to achieve prophylaxis goals in line with the WFH Haemophilia treatment guidelines recommendations, with minimal drug wastage. The emerging experience from long term clinical trials and long‐term real‐world follow‐up confirm the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic profile of emicizumab in paediatric haemophilia A patients. A few questions, including inhibitor recurrence, concurrent use of emicizumab with various replacement therapies and inhibitor eradication, are being addressed through multiple ongoing clinical studies.ConclusionThe current global rollout of emicizumab is remarkable, and versatile dosing regimens and evolving pharmacokinetic tools such as the Calibra® and WAPPS‐Hemo platforms make it a treatment choice available also for pharmacokinetic guided personalised treatment. Data from paediatric studies are consistent with those seen in adolescent and adult Haemophilia A.
Effects of genetic vs. environmental quality on condition‐dependent morphological and life history traits in a neriid fly
Authors: Hooper Amy K. , Bonduriansky Russell 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCondition is assumed to reflect both genes and environment, enabling condition‐dependent signals to reveal genetic quality. However, because the phenotypic effects of variation in genetic quality could be masked by environmental heterogeneity, the contribution of genetic quality to phenotypic variation in fitness‐related traits and condition‐dependent signals remains unclear. We compared effects of ecologically relevant manipulations of environmental quality (nutrient dilution in the larval diet) and genetic quality (one generation of inbreeding) on male and female morphology, life history and reproductive performance in the neriid fly Telostylinus angusticollis. We found that larval diet quality had strong, positive effects on male and female body size, male secondary sexual traits, and aspects of male and female reproductive performance. By contrast, inbreeding had weak effects on most traits, and no trait showed clear and consistent effects of both environmental and genetic quality. Indeed, inbreeding effects on body size and male competitive performance were of opposite sign in rich vs. poor larval diet treatment groups. Our results suggest that environmental quality strongly affects condition, but the effects of genetic quality are subtle and environment‐dependent in this species. These findings raise questions about the genetic architecture of condition and the potential for condition‐dependent traits to function as signals of genetic quality.
Clinical considerations in the surgical management of peri‐implantitis lesions in the esthetic zone
Authors: Monje Alberto , Mesquita Paulo F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe treatment of peri‐implantitis is commonly associated to soft tissue changes as part of disease resolution. These changes may alter harmony in the esthetic area, and thus may negatively affect patient satisfaction. This technical note presents the key features that may lead to an unsatisfactory esthetic outcome when managing peri‐implantitis in the anterior zone.Clinical SignificanceIt is essential to consider four pivotal elements in securing therapeutic success through the resolution of inflammation while maintaining esthetics: (1) patient‐related factors, including patient willingness to treat and the smile line; (2) implant‐related factors that influence implant position; (3) site‐related factors related to defect configuration; and (4) prosthetic‐related factors referred to the prosthetic emergence profile and the type of prosthesis. A comprehensive examination must be carried out preoperatively to assess the impact of the surgical treatment upon the esthetic outcomes.ConclusionThe clinician must be aware of the key features that condition the esthetic outcome when managing peri‐implantitis.