bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties of structural concrete with high-strength cement mixes containing waste paper sludge ash
Authors: Mavroulidou Maria , Feruku Blendi , Boulouki Georgia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the use of wastepaper sludge ash (WPSA) for structural concrete in binary and ternary mixes with high-strength cement and two industrial by-products, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) and pulverised fuel ash (PFA). The potential use of WPSA in this type of concrete and its combination with other supplementary cementitious materials has not been established; thus, further research is needed prior to industrial-scale applications. A series of tests investigated the soundness and setting times of the resulting cements, the fresh concrete workability, cube compressive strength at various curing times, tensile splitting strength, flexural strength, static modulus of elasticity, water absorption and carbonation of the resulting concrete. Good binary WPSA mixes were achieved with high early strength gains, but workability reduced; binary mixes with 15% WPSA, were overall the best in terms of strength and durability, whilst maintaining pumpability. An improvement in the carbonation resistance of ternary GGBS and PFA mixes was also indicated upon addition of WPSA although their strengths were lower than those of binary WPSA mixes. Further mix optimisation can lead to other robust and durable high-strength cement systems with WPSA, allowing for higher cement replacements in structural concrete, for improved environmental impact.
Parallel adaptive guidance network for image inpainting
Authors: Jiang Jinyang , Dong Xiucheng , Li Tao , Zhang Fan , Qian Hongjiang , Chen Guifang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMotivated by human behavior, dividing inpainting tasks into structure reconstruction and texture generation helps to simplify restoration process and avoid distorted structures and blurry textures. However, most of tasks are ineffective for dealing with large continuous holes. In this paper, we devise a parallel adaptive guidance network(PAGN), which repairs structures and enriches textures through parallel branches, and several intermediate-level representations in different branches guide each other via the vertical skip connection and the guidance filter, ensuring that each branch only leverages the desirable features of another and outputs high-quality contents. Considering that the larger the missing regions are, less information is available. We promote the joint-contextual attention mechanism(Joint-CAM), which explores the connection between unknown and known patches by measuring their similarity at the same scale and at different scales, to utilize the existing messages fully. Since strong feature representation is essential for generating visually realistic and semantically reasonable contents in the missing regions, we further design attention-based multiscale perceptual res2blcok(AMPR) in the bottleneck that extracts features of various sizes at granular levels and obtains relatively precise object locations. Experiments on the public datasets CelebA-HQ, Places2, and Paris show that our proposed model is superior to state-of-the-art models, especially for filling large holes.
Field application of Bacillus subtilis and Aureobasidium pullulans to reduce Monilinia laxa post-harvest rot on cherry
Authors: Bellamy Sophia , Shaw Michael , Xu Xiangming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBrown rot caused by Monilinia spp. is one of the most important diseases in stone fruits worldwide. Latent infections of fruit by the pathogen often manifest once the fruit is ripe, leading to post-harvest rots. Two microbial strains (Bacillus subtilis -B91 and Aureobasidium pullulans - Y126) have shown antagonistic properties against M. laxa in previous studies. This study assessed the reduction in post-harvest rot of cherry by M. laxa when the two biocontrol (BCAs) strains were applied pre-harvest under field conditions to fruit artificially inoculated with M. laxa. The experiment was carried out for two consecutive years in cherry orchards in Kent. When applied pre-harvest, both strains (B91 and Y126) reduced the incidence of post-harvest rots by 30% - 60%. This promising result helps towards the commercialisation of the two strains, which would reduce reliance on fungicides in commercial cherry production.
Complexity and aesthetics in generative and evolutionary art
Authors: McCormack Jon , Cruz Gambardella Camilo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper we examine the concept of complexity as it applies to generative and evolutionary art and design. Complexity has many different, discipline specific definitions, such as complexity in physical systems (entropy), algorithmic measures of information complexity and the field of “complex systems”. We apply a series of different complexity measures to three different evolutionary art datasets and look at the correlations between complexity and individual aesthetic judgement by the artist (in the case of two datasets) or the physically measured complexity of generative 3D forms. Our results show that the degree of correlation is different for each set and measure, indicating that there is no overall “better” measure. However, specific measures do perform well on individual datasets, indicating that careful choice can increase the value of using such measures. We then assess the value of complexity measures for the audience by undertaking a large-scale survey on the perception of complexity and aesthetics. We conclude by discussing the value of direct measures in generative and evolutionary art, reinforcing recent findings from neuroimaging and psychology which suggest human aesthetic judgement is informed by many extrinsic factors beyond the measurable properties of the object being judged.
Novel mtDNA haplotypes represented in the European captive population of the Endangered François’ langur (Trachypithecus francoisi)
Authors: Farré Marta , Johnstone Cameron , Hopper Jane , Kitchener Andrew C. , Roos Christian , King Tony 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAssessing the genetic diversity of captive populations of endangered species is key to the successful management of conservation-breeding programs. In this study, we sequenced a 393-bp fragment of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region of 23 captive individuals of the Endangered François’ langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) to assess the mtDNA diversity of the European captive population and to identify the possible geographical origins of the population founders. Combined with 42 sequences previously published from 29 wild François’ langurs, we identified a total of 40 haplotypes in T. francoisi, including 12 haplotypes in the 23 samples from the European captive population. Only one of the haplotypes from captive animals has previously been reported from wild populations; the remaining 11 haplotypes are newly reported here. Our results suggest that the captive T. francoisi population currently holds a relatively good genetic diversity compared with many other captive populations, that this diversity originates from a fairly broad range across the species’ distribution in the wild, and that the captive population could play a significant role in increasing genetic diversity of isolated wild populations. However, the European captive population is currently quite small, and genetic diversity could be lost rapidly, which has been demonstrated in other captive populations. We recommend further investigation of the genetic diversity of captive and wild T. francoisi populations, as well as the effective conservation of this diversity.
How to deal with negative preferences in recommender systems: a theoretical framework
Authors: Cena Federica , Console Luca , Vernero Fabiana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNegative information plays an important role in the way we express our preferences and desires. However, it has not received the same attention as positive feedback in recommender systems. Here we show how negative user preferences can be exploited to generate recommendations. We rely on a logical semantics for the recommendation process introduced in a previous paper and this allows us to single out three main conceptual approaches, as well as a set of variations, for dealing with negative user preferences. The formal framework provides a common ground for analysis and comparison. In addition, we show how existing approaches to recommendation correspond to alternatives in our framework.
The influence of parent austenite characteristics on the intervariant boundary network in a lath martensitic steel
Authors: Mirzaei Ahmad , Ghaderi Razieh , Hodgson Peter D. , Ma Xiang , Rohrer Gregory S. , Beladi Hossein 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe influence of the parent austenite deformation state on the intervariant boundary network (i.e., population, plane orientation, and connectivity) of a lath martensitic microstructure was investigated using conventional EBSD mapping and five-parameter boundary analysis approach along with quantification of boundary connectivity using homology metrics. The lath martensite largely revealed a bimodal misorientation angle distribution, closely matched with the Kurdjumov–Sachs (K–S) orientation relationship. The application of deformation significantly changed the distribution, gradually reducing the intensity of the 60° misorientation angle peak. This was largely ascribed to substructure development within the parent austenite upon deformation, which stimulates particular variant/s having a habit plane (011)α′ closely parallel to the primary (111)γ and/or secondary (1$$\overline{1 }$$

1
¯

1)γ slip plane. The interaction of these variants eventually promoted specific intervariant boundaries (e.g., 60°/[111], 10.5°/[011], and 49.5°/[110]) at the expense of 60°/[011]. The application of deformation in the parent austenite did not change the intervariant boundary plane character distribution, which mostly exhibited an anisotropic character terminated on {110} planes because of the displacive nature of the martensitic transformation. However, the extent of anisotropy progressively decreased with increasing strain in the austenite prior to transformation. The grain boundary network connectivity was markedly altered due to the local variant selection induced by the deformation. Deformation in the austenite regime generally decreased the connectivity of boundaries having a {110} plane orientation. The intervariant boundaries with the {110} twist character also displayed a similar trend, though the connectivity of {110} tilt boundaries progressively enhanced with increasing strain. The former was closely matched with a decrease in the population of 60°/[110] intervariant boundaries with the strain. The current findings suggest that the intervariant boundary network of lath martensite can be manipulated through changes in the parent austenite deformation state which, in turn, can be used to enhance key final product properties such as toughness.
Graphical abstract
Modulating Drug Release from Short Poly(ethylene glycol) Block Initiated Poly(L-lactide) Di-block Copolymers
Authors: Azhari Zein , Smith Patricia , McMahon Sean , Wang Wenxin , Cameron Ruth E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates drug release from a novel series of mPEG-functionalised PLLA polymers whose individual components (PEG and PLLA) have regulatory FDA approval. Two processing methods were explored to understand their effect on the morphology and drug release profiles of the polymers, with and without mPEG functionalisation. In the first method the polymer and Propranolol.HCl drug powders were mixed together before injection moulding. In the second method, supercritical CO2 was used to mix the polymer and drug before injection moulding. When non-functionalised PLLA was processed through injection moulding alone, there were no signs of polymer-drug interaction, and the drug was confined to crystals on the surface. This resulted in up to 85 wt% burst release of propranolol.HCl after one day of incubation. By contrast, injection moulding of mPEG-functionalised polymers resulted in the partial dissolution of drug in the polymer matrix and a smaller burst (50 wt% drug) followed by sustained release. This initial burst release was completely eliminated from the profile of mPEG-functionalised polymers processed via supercritical CO2. The addition of mPEG facilitated the distribution of the drug into the bulk matrix of the polymer. Paired with supercritical CO2 processing, the drug release profile showed a slow, sustained release throughout the 4 months of the study.
Role of Tissue Hydraulic Permeability in Convection-Enhanced Delivery of Nanoparticle-Encapsulated Chemotherapy Drugs to Brain Tumour
Authors: Yang Yi , Zhan Wenbo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Tissue hydraulic permeability of brain tumours can vary considerably depending on the tissue microstructure, compositions in interstitium and tumour cells. Its effects on drug transport and accumulation remain poorly understood.

Methods
Mathematical modelling is applied to predict the drug delivery outcomes in tumours with different tissue permeability upon convection-enhanced delivery. The modelling is based on a 3-D realistic tumour model that is extracted from patient magnetic resonance images.

Results
Modelling results show that infusing drugs into a permeable tumour can facilitate a more favourable hydraulic environment for drug transport. The infused drugs will exhibit a relatively uniform distribution and cover a larger tumour volume for effective cell killing. Cross-comparisons show the delivery outcomes are more sensitive to the changes in tissue hydraulic permeability and blood pressure than the fluid flow from the brain ventricle. Quantitative analyses demonstrate that increasing the fluid gain from both the blood and brain ventricle can further improve the interstitial fluid flow, and thereby enhance the delivery outcomes. Furthermore, similar responses to the changes in tissue hydraulic permeability can be found for different types of drugs.

Conclusions
Tissue hydraulic permeability as an intrinsic property can influence drug accumulation and distribution. Results from this study can deepen the understanding of the interplays between drug and tissues that are involved in the drug delivery processes in chemotherapy.
Glucocorticoid Withdrawal Syndrome following treatment of endogenous Cushing Syndrome
Authors: He Xin , Findling James W. , Auchus Richard J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose:
Literature regarding endogenous Cushing syndrome (CS) largely focuses on the challenges of diagnosis, subtyping, and treatment. The enigmatic phenomenon of glucocorticoid withdrawal syndrome (GWS), due to rapid reduction in cortisol exposure following treatment of CS, is less commonly discussed but also difficult to manage. We highlight the clinical approach to navigating patients from GWS and adrenal insufficiency to full hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis recovery.

Methods:
We review the literature on the pathogenesis of GWS and its clinical presentation. We provide strategies for glucocorticoid dosing and tapering, HPA axis testing, as well as pharmacotherapy and ancillary treatments for GWS symptom management.

Results:
GWS can be difficult to differentiate from adrenal insufficiency and CS recurrence, which complicates glucocorticoid dosing and tapering regimens. Monitoring for HPA axis recovery requires both clinical and biochemical assessments. The most important intervention is reassurance to patients that GWS symptoms portend a favorable prognosis of sustained remission from CS, and GWS typically resolves as the HPA axis recovers. GWS also occurs during medical management of CS, and gradual dose titration based primarily on symptoms is essential to maintain adherence and to eventually achieve disease control. Myopathy and neurocognitive dysfunction can be chronic complications of CS that do not completely recover.

Conclusions:
Due to limited data, no guidelines have been developed for management of GWS. Nevertheless, this article provides overarching themes derived from published literature plus expert opinion and experience. Future studies are needed to better understand the pathophysiology of GWS to guide more targeted and optimal treatments.
Absence of a home-field advantage within a short-rotation arable cropping system
Authors: Struijk Marijke , Whitmore Andrew P. , Mortimer Simon , Shu Xin , Sizmur Tom 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Aims
The home-field advantage (HFA) hypothesis predicts faster decomposition of plant residues in home soil compared to soils with different plants (away), and has been demonstrated in forest and grassland ecosystems. It remains unclear if this legacy effect applies to crop residue decomposition in arable crop rotations. Such knowledge could improve our understanding of decomposition dynamics in arable soils and may allow optimisation of crop residue amendments in arable systems by cleverly combining crop-residue rotations with crop rotations to increase the amount of residue-derived C persisting in soil.

Methods
We tested the HFA hypothesis in a reciprocal transplant experiment with mesh bags containing wheat and oilseed rape residues in soils at three stages of a short-rotation cropping system. Subsets of mesh bags were retrieved monthly for six months to determine residue decomposition rates, concomitantly measuring soil available N, microbial community structure (phospholipid fatty acid analysis), and microbial activity (Tea Bag Index protocol) to assess how plants may influence litter decomposition rates via alterations to soil biochemical properties and microbial communities.

Results
The residues decomposed at similar rates at all rotational stages. Thorough data investigation using several statistical approaches revealed no HFA within the crop rotation. Soil microbial community structures were similar at all rotational stages.

Conclusions
We attribute the absence of an HFA to the shortness of the rotation and soil disturbance involved in intensive agricultural practices. It is therefore unlikely that appreciable benefits could be obtained in short conventionally managed arable rotations by introducing a crop-residue rotation.
Trying to make race science the “civil” science: charisma in the race and intelligence debates
Authors: Dasgupta Kushan , Panofsky Aaron , Iturriaga Nicole 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhen studying science contexts, scholars typically position charismatic authority as an adjunct or something that provides a meaning-laden boost to rational authority. In this paper, we re-theorize these relationships. We re-center charismatic authority as an interpretive resource that allows scientists and onlookers to recast a professional conflict in terms of a public drama. In this mode, both professionals and lay enthusiasts portray involvement in the scientific process as a story of suppression and persecution, in which only a few remarkable figures can withstand scrutiny and take on challengers with dignity. Description and elaboration of these figures and the folklore surrounding them sets in motion the interpretive processes by which some actors become charismatic leaders and others charismatic followers within science, ultimately providing alternative symbolic resources for an embattled research agenda to accrue legitimacy. To illustrate, we use the case of Arthur Jensen – a deceased intelligence researcher and the intellectual father to contemporary texts like The Bell Curve – and the circles of hero worship that admirers inside and outside academia have created to praise him. Using this perspective to study Jensen and his admirers demonstrates how the perennial race and intelligence debates gain a kind of symbolic power, unrelated to their scientific merit or racist appeal, which enables such debates to thrive and persist in the public sphere. More generally, our approach identifies contemporary processes by which scientific ideas can gain public authority even when their intellectual merit has been deemed dubious.
The Role of Civil Society Organisations in the Integration of Migrants, Refugees and Asylum Seekers in the Italian Labour Market
Authors: Collini Mattia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we address the role of civil society organisations (CSOs) in Italy with regard to the integration of migrants, asylum seekers and refugees (MRAs) in the labour market. The paper analyses the role played by CSOs in practice, looking at the dynamics of demand and offer of services through the perspective of both the CSOs and MRAs. To achieve this, we combine qualitative data from semi-structured interviews to CSO representatives as well as MRAs. Our findings point out that the fragmentation of the policy framework in terms of employment and integration, and an unfavourable legislation (above all, migration law) shape the kind of prevalent activities of CSOs and negatively impact the potential for integration of MRAs in the labour market. In general, much is left to the single CSO to fill in the needs of MRAs beyond minimal provisions established by law, with just asylum seekers and refugees having better opportunities and support. Furthermore, we can also observe how economic migrants generally tend to be less supported.
Burnstock oration — purinergic signalling in kidney transplantation
Authors: Dwyer Karen M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for individuals with kidney failure offering improved quality and quantity of life. Despite significant advancements in short term graft survival, longer term survival rates have not improved greatly mediated in large by chronic antibody mediated rejection. Strategies to reduce the donor kidney antigenic load may translate to improved transplant survival. CD39 on the vascular endothelium and on circulating cells, in particular regulatory T cells (Treg), is upregulated in response to hypoxic stimuli and plays a critical role in regulating the immune response removing proinflammatory ATP and generating anti-inflammatory adenosine. Herein, the role of CD39 in reducing ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) and on Treg within the context of kidney transplantation is reviewed.
Inclusion Engineering in Medium Mn Steels: Effect of Hot-Rolling Process on the Deformation Behaviors of Oxide and Sulfide Inclusions
Authors: Wang Yong , Yang Yonggang , Dong Zhihua , Park Joo Hyun , Mi Zhenli , Mao Xinping , Mu Wangzhong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Medium Mn steel (MMS) is a new category of the third-generation advanced high strength steel (3rd AHSS) which is developed in the recent 1-2 decades due to a unique trade-off of strength and ductility. Thus, this steel grade has a wide application potential in different fields of industry. The current work provides a fundamental study of the effect of hot-rolling on the inclusion deformation in MMS including a varied 7 to 9 mass pct Mn. Specifically, the deformation behavior of different types of inclusions (i.e., Mn(S,Se), liquid oxide (MnSiO3), MnAl2O4, and complex oxy-sulfide) was investigated. The results show that both MnSiO3 and Mn(S,Se) are soft inclusions which are able to be deformed during the hot-rolling process but MnAl2O4 does not. The aspect ratio of soft inclusions increases significantly from as-cast to hot-rolling conditions. When the maximum size of different inclusions is similar, Mn(S,Se) deforms more than MnSiO3 does. This is due to a joint influence of physical parameters including Young’s modulus, coefficient of thermal expansion (α), etc. However, when the maximum size of one type of inclusion (e.g., MnSiO3) is much larger than another one (e.g., Mn(S,Se)), this maximum size of soft inclusions plays a dominant role than other factors. In addition, the deformation behavior of dual-phase inclusion depends on the major phase, i.e., either oxide or sulfide. Last but not least, empirical correlations between the reduction ratio of the thickness of plate, grain size, and aspect ratio of oxide and sulfide inclusions after hot-rolling are provided quantitatively. This work aims to contribute to the ‘inclusion engineering’ concept in the manufacturing of new generation AHSS.