bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19 review shows that benefits of vaccinating children and adolescents appear to outweigh risks of post‐vaccination myopericarditis
Authors: Morello Rosa , Pepe Mara , Martino Laura , Lazzareschi Ilaria , Chiaretti Antonio , Gatto Antonio , Curatola Antonietta 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimMyopericarditis after COVID‐19 vaccination were the most serious adverse events reported in children over 5 years of age. We want to summarise these cases, describing their incidence, clinical features, diagnostic pathways, therapeutic strategies and outcome.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was conducted until 20 March 2022 by bibliographic electronic databases. We included all reports of post‐vaccination myopericarditis in children aged between 5 and 18 years.ResultsAll reported cases had elevated serum Troponin levels, associated with electrocardiogram changes, but often with normal echocardiogram. Cardiac magnetic resonance images always showed typical alterations. The pathogenetic mechanism is still unknown. Myocarditis following post‐COVID vaccination is more frequent in boys with an average age of about 15 years. Treatment involves the usage of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, and the average hospitalisation is about 3 days. The long‐term consequences are not yet known, so these patients should be studied in a cardiological follow‐up and abstention from physical activity should be recommended.ConclusionThe benefits of COVID‐19 vaccination in children and adolescents appear to outweigh the risk of developing post‐vaccination myopericarditis. We can also speculate a possible approval of vaccination in children under 5 years for the coming winter.
Early intervention and special education in New York City: Patterns of service use and disparities affecting children of colour
Authors: Romo Matthew L. , Jordan Phoebe , McVeigh Katharine H. , Chan Pui Ying , Stingone Jeanette A. , Lim Sungwoo , Askew George L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundCompliance with the requirements of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in the United States is monitored through review of cross‐sectional reports from three discrete, age‐defined programmes (early intervention [EI], early childhood special education [ECSE)] and school‐age special education [SE]) to promote the timely, efficient and effective delivery of appropriate services to all eligible children. Analysis of longitudinal data is required to discern how children use services across programmes to provide the necessary context for IDEA oversight and to identify areas for programme or policy interventions to reduce barriers to service use and promote equity.MethodsWe applied sequence analysis to a data linkage across five public record systems among 15 626 New York City children born in 1998 who had records from birth through third grade.ResultsFive predominant patterns of service use were identified: (1) multiple therapies across EI/ECSE/SE (13%), (2) EI without transition to Department of Education schools or services (24%), (3) EI and intermittent ECSE/SE (16%), (4) older entry into EI and both speech and occupational therapy throughout ECSE/SE (9%) and (5) limited EI use and mostly speech therapy in ECSE/SE (38%). Each pattern had distinct demographics (e.g., pattern 2 was disproportionately White and from low poverty neighbourhoods; pattern 4 was disproportionately male and Black; pattern 5 was disproportionately Latino) and academic outcomes (e.g., pattern 1 had largest proportion in a SE school and not tested in third grade; pattern 3 had third grade tests scores that were similar to overall citywide mean scores).ConclusionsThe differences in demographic profiles across the five patterns of service use illustrate the systemic inequities in the delivery of these important services. Delayed entry and limited use of EI services among children of colour underscore the need for equity goals to increase early referral and optimize service use.
Prophylactic transanal drainage tube placement for preventing anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for rectal cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Guo Chenchen , Fu Zhiwen , Qing Xin , Deng Mengen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThe aim was to evaluate the efficacy of transanal drainage tube (TDT) placement for preventing anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection for rectal cancer.MethodPubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched up to October 2021. Studies comparing outcomes following low anterior resection with or without TDT were included. The primary outcomes measured were anastomotic leakage rate, reoperation rate and anastomotic bleed rate.ResultsThree randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 16 observational studies (prospective or retrospective) involving 4560 patients satisfied the basic inclusion criteria. In RCTs, a TDT was associated with no statistically significant differences in anastomotic leakage (OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.42–1.05, P = 0.08), reduction in reoperation (OR = 0.11, 95% CI 0.03–0.51, P = 0.004) and increased anastomotic bleeding rate (OR = 2.36, 95% CI 1.11–5.01, P = 0.03). In observational studies, a TDT was associated with significant reduction in anastomotic leak (OR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.30–0.64, P < 0.0001) and reoperation (OR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.33–0.69, P < 0.0001), with no statistically significant differences in anastomotic bleeding (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 0.20–8.30, P = 0.78).ConclusionIn RCTs, a TDT for rectal cancer was correlated with no detectable differences in anastomotic leakage and with an increased risk of anastomotic bleeding. In observational studies, a TDT was correlated with reduction in anastomotic leakage and no detectable differences in anastomotic bleeding. Both RCTs and observational studies demonstrated a comparable reduction in reoperation rate with TDT. These data in aggregate indicated that TDTs may not show superiority but emphasized differences between RCT and observational data.
Reducing cold ischemia time by donor liver “back‐table” preparation under continuous oxygenated machine perfusion of the portal vein
Authors: Lantinga Veerle A. , Buis Carlijn I. , Porte Robert J. , de Meijer Vincent E. , van Leeuwen Otto B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionCold ischemia time is a well‐known risk factor for the development of non‐anastomotic biliary strictures (NAS) after liver transplantation. End‐ischemic hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion (HOPE) of DCD liver grafts reduces the incidence of NAS, and has the potential to reduce cold ischemia times. We hypothesized that if a part of the back‐table procedure could be performed under continuous HOPE, cold ischemia times would be reduced.MethodsIn this prospective observational cohort study, all nationwide declined livers that underwent DHOPE‐NMP between July 1st 2021 and January 1st 2022 were included. The back‐table of ten consecutive high‐risk donor livers was performed with ongoing HOPE. Sixty DHOPE‐NMP procedures (August 1st 2017–July 1st 2021) with a conventional back‐table procedure functioned as a control group.ResultsCompared to the control group, this technique led to a decrease in non‐oxygenated back‐table time from median 74 min (IQR 58–92 min) to median 25 min (IQR 21–31 min), p < .01. Median total cold preservation times were reduced from 279 min (IQR 254–297) to 214 min (IQR 132–254), p < .01.ConclusionCold ischemia time of liver grafts can be successfully reduced by over one hour by using portal vein only HOPE during back‐table preparation.
Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers differentiate patients with Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and autoimmune encephalitis
Authors: Chang Bryce K. , Day Gregory S. , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , McKeon Andrew , Flanagan Eoin P. , Algeciras‐Schimnich Alicia , Mielke Michelle M. , Nguyen Aivi , Jones David T. , Toledano Michel , Kremers Walter K. , Knopman David S. , Petersen Ronald C. , Li Wentao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeAutoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a potentially treatable cause of rapidly progressive dementia that may mimic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD). Alzheimer disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers may discriminate CJD from AD, but utility in discriminating CJD and AE is unclear. This study compared AD CSF biomarkers in CJD and AE.MethodsPatients with probable or definite CJD and probable or definite AE who underwent Roche Elecsys AD CSF biomarker testing at Mayo Clinic from March 2020 through April 2021 were included. Total‐tau, phosphorylated181 tau and amyloid‐β42 levels were compared.ResultsOf 11 CJD cases, four were autopsy proven; the rest had positive real‐time quaking‐induced conversion testing. Disease‐associated autoantibodies were detected in 8/15 cases of AE: leucine‐rich glioma‐inactivated 1 and neuronal intermediate filaments (two cases each), and N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor, contactin‐associated protein‐like 2, dipeptidyl‐peptidase‐like protein 6 and immunoglobulin‐like cell adhesion molecule IgLON family member 5. Total‐tau provided excellent discrimination between CJD and AE in a univariate model (odds ratio 1.46 per 100 pg/ml, 95% confidence interval 1.17–2.11, p < 0.05, c = 0.93). Total‐tau was elevated in 91% of CJD cases (median > 1300, range 236–>1300 pg/ml), of which 55% were above the limit of assay measurement (>1300 pg/ml). Total‐tau was elevated in 20% of AE cases (median 158, range 80–>1300 pg/ml).ConclusionTotal‐tau was greater in CJD than AE. Given that amyloid‐β42 and phosphorylated181 tau were comparable, the ratio differences were probably driven by elevated total‐tau in CJD. This study supports the role for AD biomarker testing in patients with rapidly progressive dementia.
Brain age as a surrogate marker for cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Denissen Stijn , Engemann Denis Alexander , De Cock Alexander , Costers Lars , Baijot Johan , Laton Jorne , Penner Iris‐Katharina , Grothe Matthias , Kirsch Michael , D'hooghe Marie Beatrice , D'Haeseleer Miguel , Dive Dominique , De Mey Johan , Van Schependom Jeroen , Sima Diana Maria , Nagels Guy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeData from neuro‐imaging techniques allow us to estimate a brain's age. Brain age is easily interpretable as ‘how old the brain looks’ and could therefore be an attractive communication tool for brain health in clinical practice. This study aimed to investigate its clinical utility by investigating the relationship between brain age and cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsA linear regression model was trained to predict age from brain magnetic resonance imaging volumetric features and sex in a healthy control dataset (HC_train, n = 1673). This model was used to predict brain age in two test sets: HC_test (n = 50) and MS_test (n = 201). Brain‐predicted age difference (BPAD) was calculated as BPAD = brain age minus chronological age. Cognitive performance was assessed by the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT).ResultsBrain age was significantly related to SDMT scores in the MS_test dataset (r = −0.46, p < 0.001) and contributed uniquely to variance in SDMT beyond chronological age, reflected by a significant correlation between BPAD and SDMT (r = −0.24, p < 0.001) and a significant weight (−0.25, p = 0.002) in a multivariate regression equation with age.ConclusionsBrain age is a candidate biomarker for cognitive dysfunction in MS and an easy to grasp metric for brain health.
Evaluating the effects of telenursing on patients' activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living after myocardial infarction: A randomized controlled trial study
Authors: Sefidi Narges , Assarroudi Abdolghader , Zandi Zahra , Malkemes Susan J , Rakhshani Mohammad Hassan , Abbaszade Ali , Sahebkar Mohammad 
Published: June 2022

AimThis study aimed to assess the effects of telenursing on patients' activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs and IADLs) following a myocardial infarction (MI).MethodsThis randomized, parallel‐group, controlled trial was conducted on 95 patients post‐MI from 2018 to 2019. Patients were randomly assigned to the intervention (telenursing) and control groups using permuted block randomization. Through telephone calls, telenursing was performed twice a week during the first six consecutive weeks, then once a week until week 12. ADL and IADL questionnaires were completed by both groups before intervention and 12 weeks later. The CONSORT 2010 checklist was used to report the study protocol.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 56.8 ± 11.07 and 54.2 ± 9.8 years in the telenursing and control group, respectively. The mean ADL and IADL scores in the telenursing group were substantially greater than in the control group [4.57 (3.18, 5.97); P < 0.001 and 4.40 (3.06, 5.75); P < 0.001, respectively]. The odds of a higher degree of independence (no disabilities vs. mild disabilities and disability as well as no disabilities and mild disabilities vs. disability) regarding ADLs and IADLs were significantly greater in the telenursing group as compared with the control group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the use of telenursing intervention may increase patients' ADLs and IADLs after an MI and may enhance their independence. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 616–622.
Pepper‐rosmarin essential oil (Lippia sidoides Cham.) as an antioxidant additive for PBAT – poly (butylene adipate co‐terephthalate) films and its application for active packaging
Authors: de Andrade Michelle Félix , Silva Marina Gomes , de Lima Silva Ivo Diego , Caetano Viviane Fonseca , de Moraes Filho Luiz Emílio Pessôa Timeni , Vinhas Glória Maria , de Almeida Yêda Medeiros Bastos 
Published: June 2022

SummaryActive antioxidant films additivated with Pepper‐rosmarin essential oil (PRO) and poly (butylene adipate co‐terephthalate) – PBAT were produced from the solvent casting technique in different concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) and the antioxidant activity of the film was evaluated by the oxidation of olive oil. Homogenous films were produced and the incorporation of PRO was confirmed by the principal component analysis (PCA) technique. The antioxidant capacity of the PRO analysed indicated high activity. There were no changes in the degradation temperatures of the films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). All films have become more permeable with the increase in PRO content. The addition of 15% PRO made the film more resistant. In the olive oil oxidation test, by the PCA technique, an inhibition of oxidation with higher PRO concentrations was observed. Therefore, it is possible to confirm the potential of an active antioxidant packaging of PBAT added with PRO to minimise oxidative effects on food, maintaining its quality.
Broodstock exposure to warming and elevated pCO2 impairs gamete quality and narrows the temperature window of fertilisation in Atlantic cod
Authors: Dahlke Flemming , Puvanendran Velmurugu , Mortensen Atle , Pörtner Hans‐Otto , Storch Daniela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractImpacts of global warming and CO2‐related ocean acidification (OA) on fish reproduction may include chronic effects on gametogenesis and gamete quality, as well as acute effects on external fertilisation. Here, temperature thresholds and OA‐sensitivity of gametogenesis and fertilisation were investigated in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. Three broodstock groups of farmed cod (FC 1–3) were exposed for 3 months to three maturation conditions (FC 1: control, 6°C/400 μatm CO2; FC 2: warming, 9.5°C/400 μatm; FC 3: warming and OA, 9.5°C/1100 μatm). In addition, a broodstock group of wild cod (WC) was kept at control conditions to compare the acute temperature window of fertilisation with that of farmed cod (FC 1). Fertilisations were conducted in a temperature‐gradient table at 10 temperatures (between −1.5 and 12°C) and two CO2 levels (400/1100 μatm). In FC 1 and WC, fertilisation success was relatively high between 0.5°C and 11°C (TRange of c. 10.5°C), indicating similar gamete quality in farmed and wild broodstocks kept at control conditions. Exposure of farmed broodstocks to warming (FC 2) and the combination of warming and OA (FC 3) impaired gamete quality, causing a reduction in fertilisation success of −20% (FC 2) and − 42% (FC 3) compared to FC 1. The acute temperature window of fertilisation narrowed from FC 1 (TRange = 10.4°C) to FC 2 (TRange = 8.8°C) and FC 3 (TRange = 5.9°C). Acute effects of CO2 on fertilisation success were not significant. This study demonstrates potential climate change impacts on gametogenesis and fertilisation in Atlantic cod, suggesting the loss of spawning habitat in the coming decades.
A genome‐wide association study of the occurrence of genetic variations in Edwardsiella piscicida, Vibrio harveyi, and Streptococcus parauberis under stressed environments
Authors: Roh HyeongJin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBacterial mutation and genetic diversity in aquaculture have led to increasing phenotypic variances, which can weaken or invalidate strategies for controlling diseases. However, few studies have monitored the degree of mutation in fish bacterial pathogens caused by environmental pressure within a short period. In this study, transcriptomic sequences from Edwardsiella piscicida, Vibrio harveyi and Streptococcus parauberis under stressed environments were used for investigating the emergence of variants. In detail, a sub‐inhibitory concentration of formalin and phenol for E. piscicida, sea water at 30°C for V. harveyi and flounder serum for S. parauberis were used as stressed environments, and significant single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and/or mutation sites were investigated after culture in the ordinary liquid media (control) and the stressed environment through a genome‐wide association study. As results, several SNPs or mutations during incubation were observed under different environments in E. piscicida and/or V. harveyi in the genes relevant to flagella, fimbria type 3 secretion systems, and outer and inner membranes that have been directly exposed to external environments. In particular, given that flagella and fimbriae are considered important factors in differentiating the serotypes in some bacterial pathogens, it can be speculated that different environmental pressures are the source of phenotypic or serotypic differentiation from the same origin. On the other hands, S. parauberis did not exhibit notable changes for 4 h when inoculated in the serum from olive flounder. The results presented in this study provide examples of possible molecular evolution in pathogens relevant to the aquaculture industry as a response to different environmental pressure.
Quantitative analysis of typical fluoroquinolone antibiotics in livestock feed using terahertz spectrum
Authors: Cao Yaoyao , Jia Nan , Li Xia , Zhu Jun , Li Bin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe antibiotic residues are increasing concerns in agricultural and food products, an effective, rapid, and accurate detection method of antibiotics is still in exploration stage for applications. In this study, we employed terahertz (THz) spectroscopy as a tool to find its feasibility to detect quinolone antibiotics in livestock feed (LSF) quantitatively. A total of 220 samples with pefloxacin (PEF) and fleroxacin (FLE) in LSF were prepared separately and the THz spectrum of each sample was measured using a TERA K15 THz‐TDS system. Then, the absorption characteristics of PEF and FLE in THz band were analyzed. For the binary and ternary mixtures, successive projections algorithm (SPA), competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) algorithm, and the combination algorithm (CARS‐SPA) were selected as dimensionality reduction process methods, and back propagation neural network (BPNN) was selected to establish a model for the quantitative analysis. The results showed, PEF has two typical absorption peaks at 0.775 and 0.988 THz, and FLE has two typical absorption peaks at 0.919 and 1.088 THz, which implies the features can be used for qualitative identification. For the quantitative analysis, The CARS‐BPNN model achieved the best predictive ability based on the prediction set, and the correlation coefficients can reach 0.98 for both the binary and ternary mixtures. The results also showed that predictive models of the ternary mixtures have better performance than that of the binary mixtures. The research provides theoretical and technical reference for practical detection of antibiotic residues in livestock and poultry industry.
SSRI antidepressants differentially modulate serotonin reuptake and release in Drosophila
Authors: Dunham Kelly E. , Venton B. Jill 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants are commonly prescribed treatments for depression, but their effects on serotonin reuptake and release are not well understood. Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, expresses the serotonin transporter (dSERT), the major target of SSRIs, but real‐time serotonin changes after SSRIs have not been characterized in this model. The goal of this study was to characterize effects of SSRIs on serotonin concentration and reuptake in Drosophila larvae. We applied various doses (0.1–100 μM) of fluoxetine (Prozac), escitalopram (Lexapro), citalopram (Celexa), and paroxetine (Paxil), to ventral nerve cord (VNC) tissue and measured optogenetically‐stimulated serotonin release with fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). Fluoxetine increased reuptake from 1 to 100 μM, but serotonin concentration only increased at 100 μM. Thus, fluoxetine occupies dSERT and slows clearance but does not affect concentration. Escitalopram and paroxetine increased serotonin concentrations at all doses, but escitalopram increased reuptake more. Citalopram showed lower concentration changes and faster reuptake profiles compared with escitalopram, so the racemic mixture of citalopram does not change reuptake as much as the S‐isomer. Dose response curves were constructed to compare dSERT affinities and paroxetine showed the highest affinity and fluoxetine the lowest. These data demonstrate SSRI mechanisms are complex, with separate effects on reuptake or release. Furthermore, dynamic serotonin changes in Drosophila are similar to previous studies in mammals. This work establishes how antidepressants affect serotonin in real‐time, which is useful for future studies that will investigate pharmacological effects of SSRIs with different genetic mutations in Drosophila.image