bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Nature and Types of Community Palliative and end-of-Life Care Services: A Content Analysis of Service Provider Websites in Hong Kong
Authors: Cheng Hui-Lin , Leung Doris Yin Ping , Chung Ming Wai , Ko Po Shan 
Published: September 2022

Objective To analyze the nature and types of community palliative and end-of-life care (PEoLC) services in Hong Kong in order to inform future service development. Methods This cross-sectional descriptive study systematically searched the eligible websites of service providers concerning community PEoLC services for patients and their family caregivers using the Hong Kong version of the Google Search engine in August 2021. Search terms included different traditional Chinese translations of palliative care, end-of- lifecare, and hospice care. For the included websites, information regarding the characteristics and types of PEoLC services were extracted and coded using content analysis. Results Sixteen websites providing community PEoLC services were included in this analysis, which were almost all provided by non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Around half of the service providers targeted the geriatric group and served the population in some major geographic areas and districts only. Ten types of services were identified, including (1) information and advice; (2) psychological support; (3) dying and bereavement care; (4) spiritual support; (5) medical and nursing care; (6) leisure and social well-being activities; (7) support with household and other practical tasks; (8) referral resources; (9) financial support; and (10) caregiving skills training. Conclusion Existing community PEoLC services in Hong Kong are provided mainly by NGOs, with a focus on comprehensive care for patients in some areas and districts but few support services for caregivers. There is a need for continued efforts to optimize the PEoLC services to support patients and caregivers locally.
Evaluation of a new paclitaxel-coated balloon catheter in an in vivo porcine peripheral venous model: Feasibility, safety, and drug deliverability
Authors: Reppas Lazaros , Spiliopoulos Stavros , Kitrou Panagiotis , Katsanos Konstantinos , Papadimatos Panagiotis , Vaiou Maria , Lampropoulos George , Moulas Anargyros N , Karnabatidis Dimitrios , Brountzos Elias 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: To evaluate in vivo the feasibility, safety, and paclitaxel (PTX) deliverability of a newly developed non-commercially available Paclitaxel-Coated Balloon (PCB) catheter in the swine healthy peripheral vein model. Materials and methods: In total 12 PCBs were deployed in 12 venous segments. Primary feasibility endpoint was the successful application of the devices to the veins of the animals. Primary efficacy endpoint was the determination of the drug content in the venous tissue at 24 h and 7 days after balloon expansion, as assessed by analysis of the vein tissue with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Primary safety endpoint was freedom from any major adverse event. Secondary endpoint was the investigation of any independent factor affecting the primary endpoints. Results: Paclitaxel was detected in five out of six tissue samples 24 h post-intervention and five out of six tissues at 7 days following the procedure (10 tissue samples out of 12). The mean weight of tissue that was examined was 0.20604 ± 0.29822 g (range: 1.02823–0.03377 g) and the mean PTX concentration detected was 8.4 ± 13.1 μg/g (range: 0–36.1 μg/g). The average drug content detected at 24 h (17.1 ± 17.1 μg/g) was numerically superior, but non-statistically significant, compared to 7 days (3.1 ± 3.6 μg/g). An average of 33.8% of the drug remained on the balloon after retrieval. According to the multiple linear regression analysis, there was no significant correlation between transition time, PTX remaining on the balloon, time of analysis (24 h/7 days) and PTX tissue concentration. No abnormalities were noted during autopsy. Conclusion: The newly developed PCB successfully delivered within the healthy venous wall a dose of Paclitaxel that inhibits neointimal hyperplasia. No safety issues were raised at short-term follow-up.
Inhaled CO2 Concentration While Wearing Face Masks: A Pilot Study Using Capnography
Authors: Acuti Martellucci Cecilia , Flacco Maria Elena , Martellucci Mosè , Violante Francesco Saverio , Manzoli Lamberto 
Published: September 2022

Background: Face masks are recommended based on the assumption that they protect against SARS-CoV-2 transmission, however studies on their potential side effects are still lacking. We aimed to evaluate the inhaled air carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, when wearing masks. Methods: We measured end-tidal CO2 using professional side-stream capnography, with water-removing tubing, (1) without masks, (2) wearing a surgical mask, and (3) wearing a FFP2 respirator (for 5 minutes each while seated after 10 minutes of rest), in 146 healthy volunteers aged 10 to 90 years, from the general population of Ferrara, Italy. The inhaled air CO2 concentration was computed as: ([mask volume × end-tidal CO2] + [tidal volume − mask volume] × ambient air CO2)/tidal volume. Results: With surgical masks, the mean CO2 concentration was 7091 ± 2491 ppm in children, 4835 ± 869 in adults, and 4379 ± 978 in the elderly. With FFP2 respirators, this concentration was 13 665 ± 3655 in children, 8502 ± 1859 in adults, and 9027 ± 1882 in the elderly. The proportion showing a CO2 concentration higher than the 5000 ppm (8-hour average) acceptable threshold for workers was 41.1% with surgical masks, and 99.3% with FFP2 respirators. Adjusting for age, gender, BMI, and smoking, the inhaled air CO2 concentration significantly increased with increasing respiratory rate (mean 10 837 ±3712 ppm among participants ⩾18 breaths/minute, with FFP2 respirators), and among the minors. Conclusion: If these results are confirmed, the current guidelines on mask-wearing should be reevaluated.
Acidic hydrolysis of recycled polyethylene terephthalate plastic for the production of its monomer terephthalic acid
Authors: Islam Muhammad Saiful , Islam Zahidul , Hasan Rashed , Islam Molla Jamal AHM Shofiul 
Published: September 2022

Post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles, after some pre-processing, were chemically depolymerized for the production of terephthalic acid (TPA), an important monomer of PET resin. The optimized condition of PET hydrolysis was 100°C with 80% v/v aqueous sulfuric acid liquor for 30 min reaction time. The terephthalic acids (TPAs) were filtered out from the reaction mixtures with a sintered glass filter. The viscosity of recycled hydrolysis liquor was measured before it was used in a successive batch of PET depolymerization. The viscosity of hydrolysis liquor increased gradually from 5 mm2/s to 87 mm2/s. TPA yields were obtained from 85.03 ± 0.03% to 99.20 ± 0.06% and the color of TPA changed from bright white to off-white in the final batches. The structure of TPA was confirmed by FTIR, mass analysis, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The purity of TPA was found to be 95–98% from the HPLC study via external calibration technique. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) determined the thermal degradation patterns of TPAs and residual weights. This experiment reveals that repeated use of sulfuric acid hydrolysis liquor would be a good option for PET depolymerization in terms of resource utilization, TPA quality as well as sustainability.
The Association Between Dextromethorphan Use and the Risk of Dementia
Authors: Chen Chia-Yuan , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Chien Wu-Chien , Chen Hsin-Chien 
Published: September 2022

Dementia is one of neurodegenerative disease without preventive medicine currently. Dextromethorphan (DXM) has been reported to reduce neuronal damage and neurodegeneration in animal and human models. The effect of DXM on the dementia has not been fully examined. We examined the medical records over 40 years old in Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database between 2000 and 2015 to establish matched cohorts. We used a Cox regression hazard model to identify risk factors of dementia during 16 years of follow-up, and the results indicate that a significantly lower percentage of subjects with DXM use ( P < .001) developed dementia compared with those without DXM use (11.38%, 4541/39 895 vs 18.66%, 29 785/159 580). After adjustment for age and other variables [adjusted hazard ratio: .567 (95% confidence interval: .413-.678, P < .001)], this study also demonstrated that DXM use appeared to reduce the risk of developing dementia. DXM use may potentially provide a protective effect against dementia.
A qualitative analysis of Medicaid beneficiaries perceptions of prenatal and immediate postpartum contraception counseling
Authors: Yates Lindsey , Birken Sarah , Thompson Terri-Ann , Stuart Gretchen S , Greene Sandra , Hassmiller Lich Kristen , Weinberger Morris 
Published: September 2022

Objectives: In the United States, about four out of every ten births are financed by Medicaid, making it a program that is key in addressing racial disparities in maternal health. Many women covered by Medicaid have access to prenatal and immediate postpartum contraception counseling that can aid them in their postpartum contraception decision-making. However, existing inequities within Medicaid and a history of reproductive harms targeting Black women and women with low incomes may contribute to women with Medicaid having different experiences of contraception counseling. This qualitative study explores how Black women and White women insured by Medicaid perceive prenatal and immediate postpartum contraception counseling and identifies additional factors that shape their contraception decision-making. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 Medicaid beneficiaries who delivered at a public teaching hospital in North Carolina. Interviews focused on women’s beliefs about planning for pregnancy, experiences with prenatal and immediate postpartum contraception counseling, and perceived need for postpartum contraception. We used a priori and emergent codes to analyze interviews. Results: Seven Black women and eight White women completed interviews 14–60 days postpartum. All women reported receiving prenatal and immediate postpartum counseling. Several women described receiving prenatal counseling, reflective of patient-centered contraception counseling, that helped in their postpartum contraception decision-making; one woman described receiving immediate postpartum counseling that helped in her decision-making. Some Black women reported receiving unsupportive/coercive contraception counseling. In addition to contraception counseling, past reproductive health experiences and future pregnancy intentions were salient to women’s contraception decision-making. Conclusions: Prenatal and immediate postpartum contraception counseling can help some Medicaid beneficiaries with their postpartum contraception decision, but past reproductive health experiences and future pregnancy intentions are also relevant. Counseling that does not consider these experiences may be harmful, particularly to Black women, further contributing to racial disparities in maternal postpartum health outcomes.
Recombinant Erwinia asparaginase (JZP458) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the phase 2/3 AALL1931 study
Authors: Maese Luke , Loh Mignon L. , Choi Mi Rim , Lin Tong , Aoki Etsuko , Zanette Michelle , Agarwal Shirali , Iannone Robert , Silverman Jeffrey A. , Silverman Lewis B. , Raetz Elizabeth A. , Rau Rachel E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
AALL1931, a phase 2/3 study conducted in collaboration with the Children’s Oncology Group, investigated the efficacy and safety of JZP458 (asparaginase erwinia chrysanthemi [recombinant]-rywn), a recombinant Erwinia asparaginase derived from a novel expression platform, in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma who developed hypersensitivity/silent inactivation to Escherichia coli–derived asparaginases. Each dose of a pegylated E coli–derived asparaginase remaining in patients’ treatment plan was substituted by 6 doses of intramuscular (IM) JZP458 on Monday/Wednesday/Friday (MWF). Three regimens were evaluated: cohort 1a, 25 mg/m2 MWF; cohort 1b, 37.5 mg/m2 MWF; and cohort 1c, 25/25/50 mg/m2 MWF. Efficacy was evaluated by the proportion of patients maintaining adequate nadir serum asparaginase activity (NSAA ≥0.1 IU/mL) at 72 hours and at 48 hours during the first treatment course. A total of 167 patients were enrolled: cohort 1a (n = 33), cohort 1b (n = 83), and cohort 1c (n = 51). Mean serum asparaginase activity levels (IU/mL) at 72 hours were cohort 1a, 0.16, cohort 1b, 0.33, and cohort 1c, 0.47, and at 48 hours were 0.45, 0.88, and 0.66, respectively. The proportion of patients achieving NSAA ≥0.1 IU/mL at 72 and 48 hours in cohort 1c was 90% (44/49) and 96% (47/49), respectively. Simulated data from a population pharmacokinetic model matched the observed data well. Grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 86 of 167 (51%) patients; those leading to discontinuation included pancreatitis (6%), allergic reactions (5%), increased alanine aminotransferase (1%), and hyperammonemia (1%). Results demonstrate that IM JZP458 at 25/25/50 mg/m2 MWF is efficacious and has a safety profile consistent with other asparaginases. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT04145531.
Association of obstructive sleep apnoea with cardiovascular events in women and men with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Wang Xiao , Fan Jingyao , Guo Ruifeng , Hao Wen , Gong Wei , Yan Yan , Zheng Wen , Ai Hui , Que Bin , Hu Dan , Ma Changsheng , Ma Xinliang , Somers Virend K. , Nie Shaoping 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundThe impact of sex on the association of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) with recurrent cardiovascular events following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains uncertain. This study sought to examine the association between OSA and long-term cardiovascular outcomes in women and men with ACS.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, we recruited 2160 ACS patients undergoing portable sleep monitoring between June 2015 and January 2020. The primary end-point was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event (MACCE), including cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, ischaemia-driven revascularisation or hospitalisation for unstable angina or heart failure.ResultsAfter exclusion of patients with failed sleep studies, central sleep apnoea, regular continuous positive airway pressure therapy and loss of follow-up, 1927 patients were enrolled. Among them, 298 (15.5%) were women and 1014 (52.6%) had OSA (apnoea–hypopnoea index ≥15 events·h−1). The prevalence of OSA was 43.0% and 54.4% in women and men, respectively. In 4339 person-years (median 2.9 years, interquartile range 1.5–3.6 years), the cumulative incidence of MACCE was significantly higher in OSAversusnon-OSA groups in the overall population (22.4%versus17.7%; adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.29, 95% CI 1.04–1.59; p=0.018). OSA was associated with greater risk of MACCE in women (28.1%versus18.8%; adjusted HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.02–2.78; p=0.042), but not in men (21.6%versus17.5%; adjusted HR 1.22, 95% CI 0.96–1.54; p=0.10). No significant interaction was noted between sex and OSA for MACCE (interaction p=0.32). The incremental risk in women was attributable to higher rates of hospitalisation for unstable angina and ischaemia-driven revascularisation.ConclusionsIn hospitalised ACS patients, OSA was associated with increased risk of subsequent events, particularly among women. Female patients with ACS should not be neglected for OSA screening and dedicated intervention studies focusing on women with ACS and comorbid OSA should be prioritised.
Structural diversity of natural cellulose and related applications using delignified wood
Authors: Horikawa Yoshiki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCellulose is synthesized by organisms belonging to each biological kingdom, from bacteria to terrestrial plants, leading to its global-scale distribution. However, the structural properties of cellulose, such as its microfibril size, crystal form, cross-sectional shape, and uniplanar orientation, vary among species. This mini-review discusses the structural properties and diversity of cellulose. After describing historical developments in the structural analysis of cellulose, the technique of intracrystalline deuteration and rehydrogenation to understand structural diversity—particularly the localization of crystalline allomorphs in single microfibril—is discussed. Furthermore, the development of cellulose materials that maintain hierarchical structures of wood is introduced, and methods for producing functional materials are presented.
Effects of heat shock on photosynthesis-related characteristics and lipid profile of Cycas multipinnata and C. panzhihuaensis
Authors: Zhu Huan , Wu Yangyang , Zheng Yanling 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Cycas multipinnata and C. panzhihuaensis are two attractive ornamental tree species. With the global climate change, the temperature in the natural habitats of both the species shows a marked rising trend. However, how the two species respond to extreme high temperatures are not clear.
Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll content, chloroplast ultrastructure and lipid metabolism in the two species were determined following plant exposure to heat stress.

Results
The results demonstrated that the photosynthetic efficiency decreased significantly in both the species following heat shock and recovery, but to a greater extent in C. panzhihuaensis. Compared to the control, chlorophyll content of C. multipinnata did not change significantly following heat stress and recovery. However, chlorophyll content of C. panzhihuaensis increased significantly after 1 d of recovery in comparison with the control. Chloroplast ultrastructures of C. panzhihuaensis were more severely affected by heat shock than C. multipinnata. C. multipinnata and C. panzhihuaensis followed a similar change trend in the amounts of most of the lipid categories after heat stress. However, only the amounts of lysophospholipids and fatty acyls differed significantly between the two species following heat treatment. Additionally, the unsaturation levels of the major lipid classes in C. multipinnata were significantly lower than or equal to those in C. panzhihuaensis.

Conclusions
C. multipinnata was less affected by extremely high temperatures than C. panzhihuaensis. The differential stability of chlorophyll and chloroplast ultrastructure and the differential adjustment of lipid metabolism might contribute to the different responses to heat shock between the two species.
Disparities in awareness of and willingness to participate in cancer clinical trials between African American and White cancer survivors
Authors: Kumar Gaurav , Kim Jungyoon , Farazi Paraskevi A. , Wang Hongmei , Su Dejun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Cancer clinical trials (CCTs) are essential for cancer care, yet the evidence is scarce when it comes to racial disparities in CCT participation among cancer survivors in the Midwest. This study aimed to 1) assess disparities in the awareness of and willingness to participate in CCTs between African American and White cancer survivors; and 2) compare perceptions about CCTs between the two racial groups.

Methods
The study was based on cross-sectional data from the survey “Minority Patient Participation in Cancer Clinical Trials” that collected information from 147 Black and White cancer survivors from Nebraska between 2015 and 2016. Chi-square tests and logistic regressions were used to assess differences between Black and White cancer survivors regarding their awareness, willingness, and perceptions associated with CCT participation.

Results
After adjusting for the effects of socio-demographic, health status, and psychosocial variables, Black cancer survivors were much less likely than White cancer survivors to be aware of CCTs (AOR 0.26; CI 0.08–0.81), to express willingness to participate in CCTs (AOR 0.03; CI 0.01, 0.32) and to actually participate in CCTs (AOR 0.13; CI 0.04–0.38). Black cancer survivors reported a lower level of trust in physicians and were less likely than White cancer survivors to believe that CCTs make a significant contribution to science.

Conclusions
Relative to White cancer survivors, Black cancer survivors had much lower awareness of and willingness to participate in CCTs. Part of these differences might be related to the differential perception of CCTs, psychosocial factors, and trust in physicians between the two groups.
Blood pressure in children with sickle cell disease is higher than in the general pediatric population
Authors: Kupferman Juan C. , Rosenbaum Janet E. , Lande Marc B. , Stabouli Stella , Wang Yongsheng , Forman Daniella , Zafeiriou Dimitrios I. , Pavlakis Steven G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease that may be due to a variety of possible risk factors, including abnormal blood pressure. Blood pressure (BP) of children and adolescents with SCD has been reported to be lower compared to the BP of the general pediatric population.

Methods
To confirm this prior observation, we compared reference BP values for children with SCD with reference BP values of the general pediatric population. We hypothesized that children with SCD do not have lower BPs than children without SCD.

Results
Systolic BP differed for both males and females, over the different age groups between pediatric subjects with and without SCD. Systolic BP was higher in children with SCD, in both obese and non-obese populations. Diastolic BP did not differ between the groups.

Conclusions
Our analysis demonstrated that systolic BP values are indeed higher in children with SCD than in the general pediatric population. This finding is consistent with the most recent literature showing abnormal BP patterns in the SCD pediatric population utilizing 24-hour BP monitoring devices. This is an important step for recognizing abnormal BP as a risk factor for cardio- and neurovascular events in SCD.