bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, distribution and control of potato virus Y (PVY) strains in Kenyan potato cultivars
Authors: Onditi John , Nyongesa Moses , van der Vlugt René 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPotato virus Y (PVY) causes major yield losses in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crops worldwide. Over the past few decades, two new PVY strains (PVYN−Wi/N:O and PVYNTN) have become prevalent and widely distributed worldwide. In Kenya, there is limited information on the prevalence and distribution of PVY strains in potato cultivars grown in the farmer’s fields. This is a major limiting factor in making decisions for setting up a basis for PVY control. This study was therefore conducted (a) to determine the present prevalence and distribution of the different PVY strains in cultivars grown in different potato-growing counties and (b) to use this knowledge on virus prevalence and distribution in proposing a strategy for PVY control. To this end, a leaf sampling survey was conducted in 354 potato farms in five major potato-growing counties in Kenya with follow-up surveys in two of the five counties for two more seasons. Collected leaf samples were tested using DAS-ELISA, and those found to be infected with PVY were subjected to reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) to determine the PVY strains. Overall PVY prevalence was generally low (8.2%). Out of all the PVY-infected plants, PVYN−Wi/N:O was the most prevalent strain (54.9%) followed by PVYO (28.0%) and PVYNTN (17.1%), while PVYN was not detected. The PVYN−Wi/N:O strain occurred across the three seasons and across the counties but only on specific cultivars. Three cultivars were identified as PVY resistant, and the most widely grown cultivar Shangi (60.2%) had only a low PVY prevalence of 0.6%. This is an indication that this cultivar may have already been useful in minimizing virus prevalence in farmer’s fields. This report is the first prevalence survey of PVY strains and resistance; in addition, the results obtained provide a basis for a major focus on PVY resistance breeding in Kenya.
Evaluation methods for surface compression stress measurements with unknown principle stress directions
Authors: Thiele Kerstin , Müller-Braun Steffen , Schneider Jens 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe birefringent properties of glass can be well utilized for non-destructive testing of thermally tempered glass. The surface compression stress as well as the compression zone depth of thermally tempered glass is commonly measured with a scattered light polariscope. The measurement with scattered light polariscope provides information about stresses acting perpendicular to the measurement direction. Therefore, the measurement depends on the direction. In order to make a statement about the rough level of the prestress, a measurement in one direction can be sufficient, assuming an isotropic stress state and a relatively homogeneous distribution of the surface compression stress. However, in order to be able to make a more detailed statement about a non-isotropic stress state, measurements in up to four directions are necessary. Information about the direction of principal stresses and differences of principal stresses can then be evaluated. In the present work, it is investigated which deviations can be expected by measurements performed in only one direction or by measurements using up to four directions. For this purpose, five methods are introduced, which deviate in the assumptions made for the current stress state. The methods are compared using measurements on thermally tempered glass in a four-point bending test and on thermally tempered glass specimens without any external load.
“There’s no money in community dissemination”: A mixed methods analysis of researcher dissemination-as-usual
Authors: Uphold Heatherlun S. , Drahota Amy , Bustos Tatiana E. , Crawford Mary Katherine , Buchalski Zachary 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background:
The field of dissemination and implementation science has the potential to narrow the translational research-to-practice gap and improve the use of evidence-based practices (EBPs) within community-based settings. Yet, foundational research related to dissemination efforts, such as understanding researcher attitudes, practices, and the determinants to sharing research findings, is lacking within extant literature.

Methods:
A sequential explanatory (QUAN

$$ \to $$

qual) mixed methods design was used to examine 85 academic researchers’ perspectives and self-reported dissemination methods used to share research outcomes with community stakeholders to better understand researcher’s usual dissemination practices (referred to as dissemination-as-usual). Quantitative surveys collected researcher demographic data, attitudes toward dissemination efforts, and dissemination strategy use.

Results:
Multiple linear regression examined predictors of the quantity of dissemination strategies utilized by researchers, finding that years since earning their degree, time spent disseminating, and the number of reasons for engaging in dissemination efforts predicted greater numbers of dissemination strategies utilized by researchers. Individual, semi-structured interviews with a subset of researchers (n = 18) expanded upon quantitative findings, identifying barriers and facilitators to their dissemination efforts. Data strands were integrated using a joint display, and the Dissemination of Research model guided data interpretation. More established researchers experienced fewer barriers and more facilitators to support their use of a variety of dissemination strategies to share findings with community stakeholders. However, researchers reported needing specific training, institutional support, and/or dedicated time to plan and enact dissemination strategies.

Conclusion:
The necessary first step in research translation is the dissemination of research evidence, and understanding dissemination-as-usual can identify areas of need to advance translational science.
Under the umbrella: components of empathy in psychology and design
Authors: Chang-Arana Álvaro M. , Surma-aho Antti , Hölttä-Otto Katja , Sams Mikko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEmpathy is argued to be a key factor for a successful design discussion. However, such causality cannot be empirically proven based on how empathy is currently defined in design community. Empathy is used as an umbrella construct, broad and encompassing of diverse phenomena, making it difficult to quantify. We suggest improving such a situation by introducing a definition of empathy based on psychology literature, which provides structure and guidance for studying the role of empathy in design. We first break empathy to components. Then, we review empathy as used in design. Finally, we synthetize the reviewed material. From this synthesis, we conclude that empathy in design shares several key components of empathy in psychology; particularly with state influences, top-down control process and emotional stimuli. These are present in design methods although they have not been studied using such terms. Incorporating psychological components of empathy into design can help conceptualising empathy from a different angle, thus opening interesting new avenues for future research. We hope that our treatment provides present and future designers with some useful guidance.
Drag reduction by a flexible hairy coating
Authors: Mao Qian , Zhao Jiazhen , Liu Yingzheng , Sung Hyung Jin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The hydrodynamic mechanism of drag reduction by a flexible hairy coating was explored using the penalty immersed boundary method. A two-dimensional flexible hairy coating is constituted by multiple flexible filaments. A simulation of a cylinder without a hairy coating at a Reynolds number of 100 was also performed for comparison. The results of the simulations show good agreement with the experimental data by Niu & Hu (Phys. Fluids, vol. 23, 2011, 101701), where maximum drag reduction of 22% was attained at a particular length, bending rigidity, coating density and coating angle of the hairy coating. The hydrodynamic mechanism of drag reduction was characterized in terms of the wake pattern, shape deformation and kinetic energy of the hairy coating. The effect of a non-uniform bending rigidity of the hairy coating on drag reduction was explored. A stable streamline shape of the hairy coating was found to delay the vortex formation and stabilize the recirculation zone, resulting in decreased form drag. Active flapping of the hairy coating with enhanced vortex shedding is adverse to drag reduction. A hairy coating with a stiff base and flexible trailing edge is beneficial to maintaining a stable shape.
Changes in the commemorative streetscape of Leipzig over the past 100 years
Authors: Buchstaller Isabelle , Alvanides Seraphim , Griese Frauke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article presents the results of an interdisciplinary project that explores street name changes in Leipzig, a city in eastern Germany, over the past one-hundred years. Our analysis focuses on the ways in which semantic choices in the streetscape are recruited to canonize traces of the national past that are “supportive of the hegemonic socio-political order” (Azaryahu, 1997:480). We triangulate results from variationist sociolinguistics, Linguistic Landscape (LL) studies and geographical analysis to visualize waves of street (re)naming during a century of political turmoil. Drawing on historical archival data allows us to interpret spatial and temporal patterns of odonymic choices as the public embodiment of subsequent political state ideologies. The analysis provides quantitative and longitudinal support to Scollon and Scollon’s (2003) claim that the indexing of officially sanctioned identity and ideology as well as the appropriation of human space are performed by and in turn index state-hegemonic politics of memory.
Low dietary sodium potentially mediates COVID-19 prevention associated with whole-food plant-based diets
Authors: Brown Ronald B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCompared with an omnivorous Western diet, plant-based diets containing mostly fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts and seeds, with restricted amounts of foods of animal origin, are associated with reduced risk and severity of COVID-19. Additionally, inflammatory immune responses and severe acute respiratory symptoms of COVID-19, including pulmonary oedema, shortness of breath, fever and nasopharyngeal infections, are associated with Na toxicity from excessive dietary Na. High dietary Na is also associated with increased risks of diseases and conditions that are co-morbid with COVID-19, including chronic kidney disease, hypertension, stroke, diabetes and obesity. This article presents evidence that low dietary Na potentially mediates the association of plant-based diets with COVID-19 prevention. Processed meats and poultry injected with sodium chloride contribute considerable amounts of dietary Na in the Western diet, and the avoidance or reduction of these and other processed foods in whole-food plant-based (WFPB) diets could help lower overall dietary Na intake. Moreover, high amounts of K in plant-based diets increase urinary Na excretion, and preagricultural diets high in plant-based foods were estimated to contain much lower ratios of dietary Na to K compared with modern diets. Further research should investigate low Na in WFPB diets for protection against COVID-19 and co-morbid conditions.
Validity and reproducibility of a FFQ for assessing dietary intake among residents of northeast China: northeast cohort study of China
Authors: Cui Qi , Xia Yang , Liu Yashu , Sun Yifei , Ye Kang , Li Wenjie , Wu Qijun , Chang Qing , Zhao Yuhong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe study was to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of the FFQ for residents of northeast China. A total of 131 participants completed two FFQ (FFQ1 and FFQ2) within a 3-month period, 125 participants completed 8-d weighed diet records (WDR) and 112 participants completed blood biomarker testing. Reproducibility was measured by comparing nutrient and food intake between FFQ1 and FFQ2. The validity of the FFQ was assessed by WDR and the triad method. The Spearman correlation coefficients (SCC) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for reproducibility ranged from 0·41 to 0·69 (median = 0·53) and from 0·18 to 0·68 (median = 0·53) for energy and nutrients and from 0·37 to 0·73 (median = 0·59) and from 0·33 to 0·86 (median = 0·60) for food groups, respectively. The classifications of same or adjacent quartiles ranged from 73·64 to 93·80 % for both FFQ. The crude SCC between the FFQ and WDR ranged from 0·27 to 0·55 (median = 0·46) for the energy and nutrients and from 0·26 to 0·70 (median = 0·52) for food groups, and classifications of the same or adjacent quartiles ranged from 65·32 to 86·29 %. The triad method indicated that validation coefficients for the FFQ were above 0·3 for most nutrients, which indicated a moderate or high level of validity. The FFQ that was developed for residents of northeast China for the Northeast Cohort Study of China is reliable and valid for assessing the intake of most foods and nutrients.
The influence of phosphorus application and varying soil pH on soil and herbage properties across a range of grassland soils with impeded drainage
Authors: Corbett D. , Wall D. P. , Lynch M. B. , Tuohy P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOn soils dominated by high proportions of clay and organic matter, soil acidity and poor nutrient use efficiency have a major impact on output potential. Due to the inherent chemical properties of these soils, reducing soil acidity and the prevalence of undesirable metallic cations poses challenges. As a result, these soils have a large capacity for phosphorus (P) fixation, therefore reducing plant P availability. Limestone (CaCO3or MgCO3) is applied to agricultural soils to counteract soil acidity and reduce P fixation. The current study investigates the effects of four contrasting annual P application rates (0, 50, 100, 150 kg P/ha); split (50:50) between spring and summer, across soils with a range of soil pH values from a previous liming trial. The effect of soil pH ranges and P treatment rates on seasonal herbage growth and herbage P concentration was investigated over three years. Soil nutrient status was also investigated. Soil pH had a significant impact on the rate of mineralization and soil P concentration across each site. A soil pH of 6.2 caused a 1.8 mg/l increase in soil test P. An annual P application was necessary to maintain sufficient herbage P concentration for animal dietary requirements (0.35% DM), however there was no effect of P application or liming rate on herbage productivity across the three sites as all sites possessed sufficient soil P reserves. The current experiment has shown that despite optimal soil fertility status, ensuring sufficient plant available P is a problem on these particular soils.
Temnosewelliaaff.vietnamensis(Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela: Temnocephalidae) associated with freshwater crabs from Kagoshima, southern Japan, with review of records of the genus from East to South Asian countries
Authors: Uyeno D. , Kaneko T. , Uyeno H. , Miyazaki W. , Tosuji H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTemnocephalids are ectosymbionts of various freshwater animals. A species tentatively identified asTemnosewelliaaff.vietnamensis(Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela: Temnocephalidae) is reported based on materials collected from the body surface of the freshwater crabsEriocheir japonica(Brachyura: Varunidae) andGeothelphusa exigua(Potamidae) in Kagoshima, southern Japan. The temnocephalid is characterized as follows: the cirrus composed of a cone-shaped shaft and a cylindrical introvert 42–77 μm long; the introvert covered with approximately 30 vertical rows of fine sharp spines; the four seminal receptacles; and a long, curved oviduct with vaginal gland; a pair of gland cells (Haswell's cells) present anterior to the excretory ampullae. Bayesian inference trees using partial nuclear 28S rDNA (28S) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) genes supported that the specimens collected from both crab species are conspecific but these also showed the geographical variations among them on both 28S and COI. The previous records of the genusTemnosewelliain East to South Asian countries are assembled and shown on the map (fig.7, this paper).
Superficial versus total parotidectomy for metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma of the head and neck: a systematic review
Authors: Leong W S , Gowda S , Jackson R , Chabrillac E , Edafe O 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe extent of parotidectomy in the management of regional metastatic disease is controversial. This systematic review aimed to appraise data from studies evaluating superficial and total parotidectomy in metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and cutaneous malignant melanoma of the head and neck.MethodA systematic search of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library was performed. The protocol was registered with Prospero (CRD42020217962).ResultsA total of five studies evaluated cutaneous malignant melanoma. Only one compared outcomes of superficial and total parotidectomy: they found higher parotid area recurrence following superficial parotidectomy. Seven studies reported outcomes following cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma; some studies found higher regional recurrence and reduced survival in total parotidectomy, but there was likely selection bias in these studies. Others found no difference in survival between superficial and total parotidectomy.ConclusionThe effect of the extent of parotidectomy on outcomes is unclear in cutaneous malignant melanoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. This systematic review highlights the need for well-designed studies to direct better care.
Energy-aware redundant actuation for safe spring-assisted modular and reconfigurable robot
Authors: Singh Christopher , Liu Guangjun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA spring-assisted modular and reconfigurable robot (SA-MRR) has been recently developed at our laboratory to reinforce its performance and enable safe and dexterous operation in human–robot environments. Multiple working mode (MWM) control enables each SA-MRR joint module to switch independently between working in a primary actuation mode and a secondary, spring-assisted mode that may improve task-specific energy performance measures and safety in a variety of manipulation tasks. The spring-assisted mode is characterized by synergy of spring and motor energy and may be summoned to offset motor energy demands or to safeguard a reconfigurable set of secondary joint limits. In this research work, two spring-assisted working mode strategies are proposed, and their characteristics have been investigated for SA-MRR actuation energy advantages while safe robot segregation in collaboration tasks is maintained. One MWM strategy has been designed to safeguard task-specific joint limits and is able to decrease motor energy consumption in some tasks. Another MWM strategy has been designed for energy efficiency and was able to reduce motor energy per cycle by
$ \text{72}$
% in a simulated manipulation task while maintaining spatial safety constraints. Numerical simulations have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed spring-assisted working mode strategies for energy-aware safe manipulation applications.
Design and construction of a wireless robot that simulates head movements in cone beam computed tomography imaging
Authors: Baghbani R. , Ashoorirad M. , Salemi F. , Laribi Med Amine , Mostafapoor M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOne of the major challenges in the science of maxillofacial radiology imaging is the various artifacts created in images taken by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging systems. Among these artifacts, motion artifact, which is created by the patient, has adverse effects on image quality. In this paper, according to the conditions and limitations of the CBCT imaging room, the goal is the design and development of a cable-driven parallel robot to create repeatable movements of a dry skull inside a CBCT scanner for studying motion artifacts and building up reference datasets with motion artifacts. The proposed robot allows a dry skull to execute motions, which were selected on the basis of clinical evidence, with 3-degrees of freedom during imaging in synchronous manner with the radiation beam. The kinematic model of the robot is presented to investigate and describe the correlation between the amount of motion and the pulse width applied to DC motors. This robot can be controlled by the user through a smartphone or laptop wirelessly via a Wi-Fi connection. Using wireless communication protects the user from harmful radiation during robot driving and functioning. The results show that the designed robot has a reproducibility above 95% in performing various movements.
On the Scope of Institutions for Future Generations: Defending an Expansive Global Constitutional Convention That Protects against Squandering Generations
Authors: Gardiner Stephen M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe are in the early stages of a new “intergenerational turn” in political philosophy. This turn is largely motivated by the threat of global climate change, which makes vivid a serious governance gap surrounding concern for future generations. Unfortunately, there is a lack of fit between most proposed remedies and the nature of the underlying problem. Most notably, many seem to believe that only piecemeal, issue-specific, and predominantly national institutions are needed to fill the intergenerational governance gap. By contrast, I argue that we should adopt a genuinely global approach that treats intergenerational questions as foundational, and advocates for new permanent institutions with ongoing responsibilities to act on intergenerational threats. In this essay, I summarize my diagnosis of the underlying problem—that we face a basic standing threat that I call the “tyranny of the contemporary”—and sketch my proposal for a global constitutional convention aiming at institutions with standing authority and a broad remit. I then develop some of these ideas further through responses to fellow advocates for reform who nevertheless consider my proposals to go too far. In particular, I reject a counterproposal made by Anja Karnein, who argues that reforms should address only threats whose negative impacts would cross a high threshold. I argue that this would leave future generations vulnerable to what I call “squandering generations”. Among other things, these intergenerational squanderers violate appropriate relationships between past, present, and future generations. Yet, in my view, a central task of defensible intergenerational institutions is to protect the future against such abuse.