bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the structure of Short Gastrulation and generation of a toolkit for studying its function in Drosophila
Authors: Frampton Sophie L. , Sutcliffe Catherine , Baldock Clair , Ashe Hilary L. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
A BMP gradient is essential for patterning the dorsal-ventral axis of invertebrate and vertebrate embryos. The extracellular BMP binding protein Short Gastrulation (Sog) in Drosophila plays a key role in BMP gradient formation. In this study, we combine genome editing, structural and developmental approaches to study Sog function in Drosophila. We generate a sog knockout fly stock, which allows simple reintegration of altered versions of the sog coding sequence. As proof-of-principle, we test the requirement for two cysteine residues that were previously identified as targets for palmitoylation, which has been proposed to enhance Sog secretion. However, we show that the sogC27,28S mutant is viable with only very mild phenotypes, indicating that these residues and their potential modification are not critical for Sog secretion in vivo. Additionally, we use experimental negative stain EM imaging and hydrodynamic data to validate the AlphaFold structure prediction for Sog. The model suggests a more compact shape than the vertebrate ortholog Chordin and conformational flexibility between the C-terminal von Willebrand C domains. We discuss how this altered compactness may contribute to mechanistic differences in Sog and Chordin function during BMP gradient formation.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
High-resolution neurosonographic examination of the lenticulostriate vessels in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Lyo Shawn , Tierradentro-Garcia Luis Octavio , Viaene Angela Nicole , Hwang Misun 
Published: May 2022

Objective To assess the feasibility of visualizing lenticulostriate vessels (LV) using a linear high-resolution ultrasound probe and characterize LV morphology to determine whether morphological alterations in LV are present in neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) as compared to the unaffected infants. Methods We characterized LV by their echogenicity, width, length, tortuosity, and numbers of visualized stems/branches in neurosonographic examinations of 80 neonates. Our population included 45 unaffected (non-HIE) and 35 with clinical and/or imaging diagnosis of HIE. Of the neonates with clinical diagnosis of HIE, 16 had positive MRI findings for HIE (HIE+MRI) and 19 had negative MRI findings (HIE-MRI). Annotations were performed twice with shuffled data sets at a 1-month interval and intrarater reliability was assessed. Focused comparison was conducted between non-HIE, HIE+MRI and HIE-MRI neonates whose images were acquired with a high frequency linear transducer. Results Studies acquired with the two most frequently utilized transducers significantly differed in number of branches (p = 0.002), vessel thickness (p = 0.007) and echogenicity (p = 0.009). Studies acquired with the two transducers also significantly differed in acquisition frequency (p < 0.001), thermal indices (p < 0.001) and use of harmonic imaging (p < 0.001). Groupwise comparison of vessels imaged with the most frequently utilized transducer found significantly fewer branches in HIE + MRI compared to HIE-MRI negative and non-HIE patients (p = 0.005). Conclusion LV can be visualized in the absence of pathology using modern high-resolution neurosonography. Visualization of LV branches varies between HIE + MRI, HIE-MRI neonates and controls. Advances in knowledge High-resolution neurosonography is a feasible technique to assess LV morphology in healthy neonates and neonates with HIE.
Radiation doses in the United Kingdom breast screening programmes 2016–2019
Authors: Loveland John , Young Kenneth C , Oduko Jennifer M , Mackenzie Alistair 
Published: May 2022

Objectives: To record the radiation doses involved in UK breast screening and to identify any changes since previous publications related to technical factors and the population screened. Methods: Mammographic exposure factors for 68,998 women imaged using 411 X-ray sets spread across the UK were compiled. Local output and half value layer measurements for each X-ray set were used to estimate mean glandular dose (MGD) using the standard UK method. Results: Mean MGDs in digital mammography have increased by 11% since 2010–12 for both medio-lateral oblique (MLO) and cranio-caudal (CC) views. The mean compressed breast thickness (CBT) has increased (4.8% CC, 5.2% MLO) over the same period. The mean MLO CBT value of 62.4 ± 0.1 mm is outside the 50 to 60 mm range used for diagnostic reference levels. The increase in MGD is consistent with the CBT changes. The mean MGD in the 50 to 60 mm CBT range is 1.44 ± 0.03 mGy for MLO views. CBT varies with age and peaks at 51. Conclusions: Mean CBT has increased with time, and this has increased mean MGDs for digital mammography. CBT also varies with age. Advances in knowledge: Updated average MGDs in the UK are provided. There is evidence that breast size is increasing in the UK and that mean CBT is affected by age-related changes in the breast.
Duration of dry and humidified incubation of single-step embryo culture medium and oxygen tension during sham culture do not alter metabolomics signature
Authors: Cheredath Aswathi , Uppangala Shubhashree , Asampille Gitanjali , Lakshmi R. Vani , Joseph David , Raval Keyur , Gowda G. A. Nagana , Kalthur Guruprasad , Adiga Satish Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Background: The extended embryo culture using single-step medium gained popularity in clinical in vitro fertilisation (IVF). However, there are concerns about the degradation of unstable medium components and their negative effects on the developing embryos. Further, dry-incubation can increase osmolality, which can in-turn enhance the concentration of constituents of the media and their stability. Hence, this study was conducted to understand the immediate changes in the culture media metabolites in relation to clinically comparable situations such as single-step extended embryo culture and use of dry and humidified-incubation in two-different gaseous conditions. Methods: Commercially available single-step medium was sham-cultured in droplets under oil in two different conditions viz. dry (37°C; 6%CO2; 5%O2) and humidified (37°C; 6% CO2; atmospheric O2) for 0h, 72h, and 120h intervals. Droplets were subjected to the sensitivity-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based profiling using 800 MHz NMR equipped with a cryogenically cooled micro-coil (1.7mm) probe. Metabolomic signatures between the two groups were comprehensively assessed. Results: A total of ten amino acids and four energy substrates were identified from the culture medium. Metabolite levels showed a non-significant increase in the dry-incubation group at 72h and then declined at 120h. Humidified incubation had no effects on the level of the metabolite until 120h. No significant differences in the levels of metabolites were observed between the dry and humidified-groups at various time-points tested. Conclusions: A non-significant variation in the levels of metabolites observed in the dry-incubation of single-step medium most unlikely to influence a clinical outcome. However, the impact of these subtle changes on the (epi)genetic integrity of the embryos in a clinical set-up to be addressed.
Integration of single-cell RNA-Seq and CyTOF data characterises heterogeneity of rare cell subpopulations
Authors: Repapi Emmanouela , Agarwal Devika , Napolitani Giorgio , Sims David , Taylor Stephen 
Published: May 2022

Background: The simultaneous measurement of cellular proteins and transcriptomes of single cell data has become an exciting new possibility with the advent of highly multiplexed multi-omics methodologies. However, mass cytometry (CyTOF) is a well-established, affordable technique for the analysis of proteomic data, which is well suited for the discovery and characterisation of very rare subpopulations of cells with a wealth of publicly available datasets. Methods: We present and evaluate the multimodal integration of single cell RNA-Seq and CyTOF datasets coming from both matched and unmatched samples, using two publicly available datasets. Results: We demonstrate that the integration of well annotated CyTOF data with single cell RNA sequencing can aid in the identification and annotation of cell populations with high accuracy. Furthermore, we show that the integration can provide imputed measurements of protein markers which are comparable to the current gold standard of antibody derived tags (ADT) from CITE-Seq for both matched and unmatched datasets. Using this methodology, we identify and transcriptionally characterise a rare subpopulation of CD11c positive B cells in high resolution using publicly available data and we unravel its heterogeneity in a single cell setting without the need to sort the cells in advance, in a manner which had not been previously possible. Conclusions: This approach provides the framework for using available proteomic and transcriptomic datasets in a unified and unbiased fashion to assist ongoing and future studies of cellular characterisation and biomarker identification.
Predicting farmed rainbow trout weight distribution to improve feeding practice: an individual-based model approach.
Authors: Bolzonella Matteo , Royer Edouard , Lima Adriano C. , Pastres Roberto 
Published: May 2022

In the near future, the role of aquaculture in human diet is likely to increase due to the rising demand for fish proteins. With a long tradition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farming, Italy is one of the main producers of this species in the European Union (EU). The EU is allocating economic resources to foster the sustainable development of the aquaculture sector, aiming to produce more while using less resources. Precision fish farming (PFF) is a promising approach to achieve this goal and its implementation is being facilitated thanks to the reduction of costs of sensors. PFF will likely lead to a new generation of mathematical dynamic models based on sets of control variables and external forcing functions, coping with Big Data and machine learning techniques. In this work, we developed an individual-based dynamic model for the simulation of the fish size distribution and total biomass of a population of rainbow trout within a raceway. At its core, there is a bioenergetic individual model that can simulate weight changes taking into account water temperature and feeding regime. This model was tested against weight observations collected by a non–invasive monitoring system, that was deployed for the first time in a trout farm. The model allows one to estimate the optimal feeding ration based on fish weight and water temperature. The results indicate that current methodologies, based on the estimation of the average weight, lead to slightly overestimate the feed ration: therefore, the model proposed here would allow one to save feed, thus reducing operational costs.
Emotional Burnout of HR Specialists
Authors: Suvalova Tatyana , Suvalov O. 
Published: May 2022

Conducted studies and reports by The Hartford, State of People Strategy, Paychex Pulse of HR revealed an acute problem of burnout in the field of HR. The transformation of personnel management functions, maintaining a balance of interests between the organization and employees, management and services are regular sources of stress for HRD. Significant changes in the work environment, in labor legislation, compensation, benefits and forced mass layoffs are reflected in the emotional background of HR professionals. The purpose of the study is to analyze the main stress factors of a modern HR professional and formulate recommendations for preventing stress, professional and emotional burnout syndrome.
The article focuses on the classification of burnout as a professional phenomenon as defined by the World Health Organization. The analyzed reports showed that almost 60% of HR professionals consider emotional exhaustion to be their main problem. The French government is noted for passing a law requiring employers not to contact employees after hours and not punishing employees for not answering calls or emails after leaving work. The British government has passed a law called "Prosperity at Work", which aims to eliminate cases of mental health problems and other manifestations of stress and burnout in organizations.
Why Building More Housing Will Not Work
Authors: Imrie Rob 
Published: May 2022

A fallacy of our building culture is that there is a shortage of housing which is the root cause of a crisis that includes unaffordability and homelessness. A proffered solution is to build more housing, a supply side argument that, as Pettifor (2018: 1) notes, is a conventional wisdom ‘bought into’ by everyone, ‘from the government, to housing charities, to housebuilders’. This ‘wisdom’ goes more or less unchallenged, and propagates swathes of volume house building that do little to tackle the problems of housing shortfalls. Chapter 7 challenges the ‘building as solution’ argument, and argues for a ‘less is more’ approach that tackles the complexities relating to people’s inability to get access to good quality housing. Part of an approach ought to be to build less and to work better with what exists, including bringing back into use the 210,000 long term empty homes in England (Westwater, 2019). It also means changing how people get access to housing, including reforming housing finance, rent controls, and a paraphernalia of other systems that, if left untouched, will mean that building more housing is ineffective.
Factors associated with poor adherence to intrapartum fetal heart monitoring in relationship to intrapartum related death: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Ekblom Annette , Målqvist Mats , Gurung Rejina , Rossley Angela , Basnet Omkar , Bhattarai Pratiksha , K. C. Ashish 
Published: May 2022

Background
Poor quality of intrapartum care remains a global health challenge for reducing stillbirth and early neonatal mortality. Despite fetal heart rate monitoring (FHRM) being key to identify fetus at risk during labor, sub-optimal care prevails in low-income settings. The study aims to assess the predictors of suboptimal fetal heart rate monitoring and assess the association of sub-optimal FHRM and intrapartum related deaths.

Method
A prospective cohort study was conducted in 12 hospitals between April 2017 to October 2018. Pregnant women with fetal heart sound present during admission were included. Inferential statistics were used to assess proportion of sub-optimal FHRM. Multi-level logistic regression was used to detect association between sub-optimal FHRM and intrapartum related death.

Result
The study cohort included 83,709 deliveries, in which in more than half of women received suboptimal FHRM (56%). The sub-optimal FHRM was higher among women with obstetric complication than those with no complication (68.8% vs 55.5%, p-value<0.001). The sub-optimal FHRM was higher if partograph was not used than for whom partograph was completely filled (70.8% vs 15.9%, p-value<0.001). The sub-optimal FHRM was higher if the women had no companion during labor than those who had companion during labor (57.5% vs 49.6%, p-value<0.001). After adjusting for background characteristics and intra-partum factors, the odds of intrapartum related death was higher if FHRM was done sub-optimally in reference to women who had FHRM monitored as per protocol (aOR, 1.47; 95% CI; 1.13, 1.92).

Conclusion
Adherence to FHRM as per clinical standards was inadequate in these hospitals of Nepal. Furthermore, there was an increased odds of intra-partum death if FHRM had not been carried out as per clinical standards. FHRM provided as per protocol is key to identify fetuses at risk, and efforts are needed to improve the adherence of quality of care to prevent death.
Knowledge, attitude and practice towards COVID-19 among secondary school students in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Getawa Solomon , Aynalem Melak , Bayleyegn Biruk , Adane Tiruneh 
Published: May 2022

Background
In Ethiopia, an array of measures have been adopted to control the rapid spread of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Such control measures could significantly influence the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 in the general population. However, still, there is scarce information regarding the KAP of students towards the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study aimed to assess KAP and associated factors towards COVID-19 among secondary school students in Gondar town, Ethiopia.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2021 on a total of 395 participants. Proportional sample allocation was used in 4 randomly selected schools. Then, students from each of the schools were recruited by using a systematic random sampling technique. Socio-demographic data and questions regarding the KAP were collected via a self-administered questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 20. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify the associated factors and p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
The mean age of study participants was 17.7±1.5 years and slightly more than 2/3 (67.3%) ranges from 17–19 years old. In this study, 86.3% (95% CI: 83–90) of study participants had good knowledge about COVID-19. Students having urban residence (AOR, with 95% CI: 5.6 (1.76–17.6), fathers with a diploma and above educational status (AOR, with 95% CI: 3 (1.2–7.5), and uses television or radio as a source of information (AOR, with 95% CI: 3.7 (1.5–9.3) tended to have good knowledge about COVID-19. About 381 (86.3%) had good attitude towards COVID-19 infections, while 238 (60.3%) of the participants had a good practice to prevent COVID-19 infections.

Conclusions
The majority of the secondary school students in Gondar town have good knowledge, attitude, and practices towards COVID-19. However, targeted interventions are still necessary, especially for students having poor knowledge and poor practice towards COVID-19. This study also found that urban residence, a father with a diploma and above educational status, and using television or radio as a source of information about COVID-19 were significantly associated with the knowledge level of the study participants.
Evaluating the effect of Bolsa Familia, Brazil’s conditional cash transfer programme, on maternal and child health: A study protocol
Authors: Falcão Ila Rocha , Ribeiro-Silva Rita de Cássia , Alves Flávia Jôse Oliveira , Ortelan Naiá , Silva Natanael J. , Fiaccone Rosemeire L. , de Almeida Marcia Furquim , Pescarini Júlia M. , Lisboa Cinthia Soares , Júnior Elzo Pereira Pinto , Paixao Enny S. , Ferreira Andrea J. F. , Teixeira Camila Silveira Silva , Rocha Aline dos Santos , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , Ali M. Sanni , Dundas Ruth , Leyland Alastair , Rodrigues Laura C. , Ichihara Maria Yury , Barreto Mauricio L. 
Published: May 2022

Background
Conditional Cash Transfer Programs have been developed in Latin America in response to poverty and marked social inequalities on the continent. In Brazil, the Bolsa Familia Program (BFP) was implemented to alleviate poverty and improve living conditions, health, and education for socioeconomically vulnerable populations. However, the effect of this intervention on maternal and child health is not well understood.

Methods
We will evaluate the effect of BFP on maternal and child outcomes: 1. Birth weight; 2. Preterm birth; 3. Maternal mortality; and 4. Child growth. Dynamic retrospective cohort data from the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort (2001 to 2015) will be linked to three different databases: Live Birth Information System (2004 to 2015); Mortality Information System (2011 to 2015); and Food and Nutritional Surveillance System (2008 to 2017). The definition of exposure to the BFP varies according to the outcome studied. Those who never received the benefit until the outcome or until the end of the follow-up will be defined as not exposed. The effects of BFP on maternal and child outcomes will be estimated by a combination of propensity score-based methods and weighted logistic regressions. The analyses will be further stratified to reflect changes in the benefit entitlement before and after 2012.

Discussion
Harnessing a large linked administrative cohort allows us to assess the effect of the BFP on maternal and child health, while considering a wide range of explanatory and confounding variables.
Impact of measurement method on interobserver variability of apparent diffusion coefficient of lesions in prostate MRI
Authors: Takahashi Hiroaki , Yoshida Kotaro , Kawashima Akira , Lee Nam Ju , Froemming Adam T. , Adamo Daniel A. , Khandelwal Ashish , Bolan Candice W. , Heller Matthew T. , Hartman Robert P. , Kim Bohyun , Philbrick Kenneth A. , Carter Rickey E. , Mynderse Lance A. , Humphreys Mitchell R. , Cai Jason C. , Takahashi Naoki 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
To compare the inter-observer variability of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of prostate lesions measured by 2D-region of interest (ROI) with and without specific measurement instruction.

Methods
Forty lesions in 40 patients who underwent prostate MR followed by targeted prostate biopsy were evaluated. A multi-reader study (10 readers) was performed to assess the agreement of ADC values between 2D-ROI without specific instruction and 2D-ROI with specific instruction to place a 9-pixel size 2D-ROI covering the lowest ADC area. The computer script generated multiple overlapping 9-pixel 2D-ROIs within a 3D-ROI encompassing the entire lesion placed by a single reader. The lowest mean ADC values from each 2D-small-ROI were used as reference values. Inter-observer agreement was assessed using the Bland-Altman plot. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was assessed between ADC values measured by 10 readers and the computer-calculated reference values.

Results
Ten lesions were benign, 6 were Gleason score 6 prostate carcinoma (PCa), and 24 were clinically significant PCa. The mean±SD ADC reference value by 9-pixel-ROI was 733 ± 186 (10−6 mm2/s). The 95% limits of agreement of ADC values among readers were better with specific instruction (±112) than those without (±205). ICC between reader-measured ADC values and computer-calculated reference values ranged from 0.736–0.949 with specific instruction and 0.349–0.919 without specific instruction.

Conclusion
Interobserver agreement of ADC values can be improved by indicating a measurement method (use of a specific ROI size covering the lowest ADC area).
Quantum Computing Using Chaotic Numbers
Authors: Thakur Usama 
Published: May 2022

Quantum Mechanics and Computation has a major problem called
the measurement problem. This has given physicists a very hard
time over the years when I first looked into the problem my approach was
simple find a new number system that can go with the uncertainty of a
Quantum particle the paper deals with the mathematics of uncertainty
which has solved 2 millenium prize problems and quantum mea-
surement problem very efficiently. We divide chaos into two parts low
chaos and high chaos then we find the desired value inside the inter-
section of both. This helps us find something in a ℵ3 >>> ∞ this takes
the problems around us to the next level if we are able to control a chaos
then we can achieve pretty much anything.