bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incommensurability and the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis: taking Kuhn seriously
Authors: Gefaell Juan , Saborido Cristian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the debate between the Modern Synthesis and the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis in light of the concept of incommensurability developed by Thomas Kuhn. In order to do so, first we briefly present both the Modern Synthesis and the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis. Then, we clarify the meaning and interpretations of incommensurability throughout Kuhn’s works, concluding that the version of this concept deployed inThe Structure of Scientific Revolutionsis the best suited to the analysis of scientific disputes. After discussing incommensurability in Kuhn’s works, we address the question of whether the Modern Synthesis and the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis can be considered semantically, methodologically, and ontologically incommensurable, concluding that they can. Finally, we discuss three problems that arise from such a conclusion: firstly, what are the consequences of incommensurability; secondly, which mode of scientific change better explains this current dispute in evolutionary biology; and thirdly, whether rational theory comparison is possible given incommensurability. We suggest that the main consequence of incommensurability is profound disagreement, that the kind of scientific change that better explains the current dispute between the MS and the EES may be scientific specialization, and that incommensurability does not preclude rational theory comparison.
Internship contracts in Spain: a stepping stone or a hurdle towards job stability?
Authors: De la Rica Sara , Gorjón Lucía 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInternship contracts (ICs) were designed as a stepping stone for educated young workers to develop their professional skills upon graduation. Such contracts incentivise employment creation, as firms benefit from lower wages and tax reductions, but at the same time, firms are expected to develop training programmes to improve the professional skills of youth. This paper assesses whether such subsidies help improve the labour market trajectories of the beneficiaries of ICs. To do so, we focus on entrants into the labour market and compare those who start through an IC with a matched control group whose first employment episode is through a nonsubsidised temporary contract. We look at short, medium and long-term effects on job stability and wages. We find that in the short run, labour market performance, in terms of wages and job stability, is poorer for the beneficiaries of the IC, unless they leave the firm right after the IC experience. In the medium and long run, however, the negative impact on wages is mitigated, and its impact on job stability is positive. A possible interpretation is that firms, in the short run, use ICs to lower hiring costs, but beneficiaries send a positive signal to the market that is rewarded in the medium and long terms.
Spectral geometry on manifolds with fibred boundary metrics II: heat kernel asymptotics
Authors: Talebi Mohammad , Vertman Boris 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper we continue with the analysis of spectral problems in the setting of complete manifolds with fibred boundary metrics, also referred to as $$\phi $$
ϕ
-metrics, as initiated in our previous work (Grieser et al. in Spectral geometry on manifolds with fibred boundary metrics I: Low energy resolvent, 2020). We consider the Hodge Laplacian for a $$\phi $$
ϕ
-metric and construct the corresponding heat kernel as a polyhomogeneous conormal distribution on an appropriate manifold with corners. Our discussion is a generalization of an earlier work by Albin and Sher, and provides a fundamental first step towards analysis of Ray–Singer torsion, eta-invariants and index theorems in the setting.
Univalence properties of an integral operator
Authors: Pârva Oana M. , Breaz Daniel V. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we determine conditions on $$\beta , \alpha _{i}$$

β
,

α
i

and $$g_{i}$$

g
i

such that the integral operator $${ G_{\alpha _1, \alpha _2,\ldots ,\alpha _n, \beta }}$$

G

α
1

,

α
2

,
…
,

α
n

,
β

is univalent on the exterior of the unit disk for two subclasses of analytical functions.
Heterointerface Engineering of β-Chitin/Carbon Nano-Onions/Ni–P Composites with Boosted Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars Effect for Highly Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Response and Thermal Management
Authors: Pan Fei , Cai Lei , Shi Yuyang , Dong Yanyan , Zhu Xiaojie , Cheng Jie , Jiang Haojie , Wang Xiao , Jiang Yifeng , Lu Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe rational construction of microstructure and composition with enhanced Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars effect (MWSE) is still a challenging direction for reinforcing electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance, and the related EMW attenuation mechanism has rarely been elucidated. Herein, MWSE boosted β-chitin/carbon nano-onions/Ni–P composites is prepared according to the heterointerface engineering strategy via facile layer-by-layer electrostatic assembly and electroless plating techniques. The heterogeneous interface is reinforced from the aspect of porous skeleton, nanomaterials and multilayer construction. The composites exhibit competitive EMW response mechanism between the conductive loss and the polarization/magnetic loss, as describing like the story of “The Hare and the Tortoise”. As a result, the composites not only achieve a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of − 50.83 dB and an effective bandwidth of 6.8 GHz, but also present remarkable EMW interference shielding effectiveness of 66.66 dB. In addition, diverse functions such as good thermal insulation, infrared shielding and photothermal performance were also achieved in the hybrid composites as a result of intrinsic morphology and chemicophysics properties. Therefore, we believe that the boosted MWSE open up a novel orientation toward developing multifunctional composites with high-efficient EMW response and thermal management.
Asthma Inhaler Adherence in Adults: a Rapid Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
Authors: Alwadhahi Amal , Garvey Loretta , Stephenson John , Edward Karen-Leigh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe study aims to undertake a rapid systematic review with meta-analysis of the interventions used to promote adherence to asthma medications in adults who have asthma. Three databases (CINAHL, Web of Science, and Medline) were searched systematically up to February 2022, to identify the factors behind the non-adherent behavior of young adults with asthma using preventer medication. Manual searching was also undertaken to detect additional research. The team screened the titles and abstracts to ensure the eligibility of included studies. The full paper was retrieved for further screening and was extracted using an extraction tool. The literature search placed nine studies with a total sample number of 74,540 that were included in the three meta-analyses. Five studies were identified for inclusion in a meta-analysis conducted to assess the effect of the intervention on adherence. The meta-analysis revealed a significant difference in adherence proportion, in favor of the intervention. Interventions delivered through technology were found to significantly enhance adults’ adherence to asthma medications. This review also revealed that there is an obvious gap in the literature that specifically examined young adults aged 18–34 years about asthma medication adherence. This demonstrates the need for robust future research to focus on this demographic (18–34 years) to develop recommendations related to enhancing young adults’ adherence to asthma inhaler medication.
Job analysis and job classification for addressing pay inequality in organizations: Adjusting our methods within a shifting legal landscape
Authors: Strah Nicole , Rupp Deborah E. , Morris Scott B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPay inequality remains a pervasive problem within the workforce. However, it can be challenging for even well-meaning and responsible organizations to effectively assess which jobs should be considered equivalent and paid the same based on both legal criteria (which have shifted over time and differ across specific statutes and jurisdictions) and scientific evidence (which continues to amass). This paper intends to initiate a solution-focused discussion on how organizations can proactively categorize jobs so that pay decisions that are made about men and women are both legally defensible and fair. We propose that integrating the job analysis/job classification literature and the pay discrimination literature (e.g., legal opinions given by courts) will inform this discussion. We first review federal and state legislation and court opinions that have set legal standards for identifying pay discrimination. We then review the relevance of job analysis/job classification for systematically defining and categorizing jobs, highlighting the legal issues that should be but (to the best of our knowledge) have not been considered when undertaking such processes. Our intention is for this article to spark dialogue among researchers and practitioners regarding the identification of methods with which organizations can strive to meet equal pay standards and goals, applying both legal and scientific perspectives.
Scale dependence of drilling predation in the Holocene of the northern Adriatic Sea across benthic habitats and nutrient regimes
Authors: Zuschin Martin , Nawrot Rafał , Dengg Markus , Gallmetzer Ivo , Haselmair Alexandra , Wurzer Sandra , Tomašových Adam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPredation has strongly shaped past and modern marine ecosystems, but the scale dependency of patterns in drilling predation, the most widely used proxy for predator–prey interactions in the fossil record, is a matter of debate. To assess the effects of spatial and taxonomic scale on temporal trends in the drilling frequencies (DFs), we analyzed Holocene molluscan assemblages of different benthic habitats and nutrient regimes from the northern Adriatic shelf in a sequence-stratigraphic context. Although it has been postulated that low predation pressures facilitated the development of high-biomass epifaunal communities in the eastern, relatively oligotrophic portion of the northern Adriatic shelf, DFs reaching up to 30%–40% in the studied assemblage show that drilling predation levels are comparable to those typical of late Cenozoic ecosystems. DFs tend to increase from the transgressive systems tract (TST) into the highstand systems tract (HST) at the local scale, reflecting an increase in water depth by 20–40 m and a shift from infralittoral to circalittoral habitats over the past 10,000 years. As transgressive deposits are thicker at shallower locations and highstand deposits are thicker at deeper locations, a regional increase in DFs from TST to HST is evident only when these differences are accounted for. The increase in DF toward the HST can be recognized at the level of total assemblages, classes, and few abundant and widespread families, but it disappears at the level of genera and species because of their specific environmental requirements, leading to uneven or patchy distribution in space and time.
From ‘ethnic militias’ to ‘jungle justice’? Research and change in vigilantism in Nigeria
Authors: Tiwa Dany Franck A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe aim of this article is to initiate a new debate on vigilantism in Nigeria by arguing for a re-examination of the links between crime and vigilantism. It contends that, although the existing literature has shed considerable light on the practice of vigilantism in Nigeria, it has also obscured entire dimensions of the problem. By focusing exclusively on vigilante groups or ethnic militias, scholars have failed to anticipate the shift of the bulk of the violence from these social agencies to spontaneous mobs. After highlighting the factors that help explain the marginalization of ‘mob’ vigilantism in the scholarship about Nigerian vigilantism, I use ethnographic materials from my own field research in Lagos to show how crime – or more precisely unexplained crime – fuels intra-community distrust, which in turn fuels vigilante mobilization and violence as it increases the social control that crime-beset communities apply to some of their members who resent such distrust and consider it unfair. The data presented provide fresh insights into one of the most intriguing features of Nigeria vigilantism: the involvement of social delinquents at the roots of urban insecurity.
Harnessing thermal plasticity to enhance the performance of mass-reared insects: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Sinclair Brent J. , Sørensen Jesper Givskov , Terblanche John S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInsects are mass-reared for release for biocontrol including the sterile insect technique. Insects are usually reared at temperatures that maximize the number of animals produced, are chilled for handling and transport, and released into the field, where temperatures may be considerably different to those experienced previously. Insect thermal biology is phenotypically plastic (i.e. flexible), which means that there may exist opportunities to increase the performance of these programmes by modifying the temperature regimes during rearing, handling, and release. Here we synthesize the literature on thermal plasticity in relation to the opportunities to reduce temperature-related damage and increase the performance of released insects. We summarize how and why temperature affects insect biology, and the types of plasticity shown by insects. We specifically identify aspects of the production chain that might lead to mismatches between the thermal acclimation of the insect and the temperatures it is exposed to, and identify ways to harness physiological plasticity to reduce that potential mismatch. We address some of the practical (especially engineering) challenges to implementing some of the best-supported thermal regimes to maximize performance (e.g. fluctuating thermal regimes), and acknowledge that a focus only on thermal performance may lead to unwanted trade-offs with other traits that contribute to the success of the programme. Together, it appears that thermal physiological plasticity is well-enough understood to allow its implementation in release programmes.
Production and nutritive value of Tifton 85 bermudagrass pastures overseeded with annual ryegrass and inoculated with diazotrophic bacteria
Authors: Casagrande L. G. , Olivo C. J. , Aires J. F. , Vieira A. C. , Charão A. A. , Quatrin M. P. , Grzelak F. A. , Frantz M. D. , Salvador M. E. C. , de Andrade B. M. , dos Santos P. B. , Tonin T. J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense has the potential to reduce the use of mineral fertilizers with efficient capacity to promote plant growth and yield. Most studies on the Azospirillum–plant association have been conducted on cereals and annual grasses. More studies are needed in perennial pastures, such as bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) that require substantial nitrogen (N) fertilization to maximize their production potential. Therefore, pastures based on Tifton 85 bermudagrass in association with annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), which were inoculated with A. brasilense and fertilized with increasing amounts of N fertilizer and grazed by lactating Holstein cows were evaluated. Three grazing systems were evaluated: (i) Tifton 85, inoculated + 180 kg N/ha per year; (ii) Tifton 85 + 230 kg N/ha per year; and (iii) Tifton 85 + 280 kg N/ha per year. Forage samples were collected before and after grazing to evaluate the responses of the plants and animals. The forage yields of the systems were 21.0, 20.8 and 22.1 t DM/ha per year and the stocking rates were 3.9, 3.8 and 4.0 animal unit/ha per day, respectively. Crude protein, total digestible nutrients and neutral detergent fibre concentrations were 162, 560 and 667 g/kg, respectively. Inoculation in pastures planted with Tifton 85 bermudagrass in combination with ryegrass (plus 180 kg N/ha per year) had a positive effect, providing forage yield and nutritional value equivalent to those with fertilization with 230 kg N/ha per year.
Nasal nerve ablation, nasal swell body and inferior turbinate reduction for nasal obstruction and congestion relief
Authors: Krespi Y P , Wilson K A , Kizhner V 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveNasal obstruction and congestion can occur because of turbinate and septal variations with or without rhinitis. A combined treatment for nasal obstruction and congestion was examined retrospectively in cases where the nasal swell body was addressed with inferior turbinectomy, with or without posterior nasal nerve ablation.MethodsA 940 nm laser was utilised for contact (nasal swell body, septum and inferior turbinate) and non-contact (posterior nasal nerve) ablation. Total Nasal Symptoms Score, visual analogue scale pain score, complications and procedure location (office vs operating theatre) were recorded.ResultsAll 242 patients underwent nasal swell body reduction with inferior turbinate reduction, and 150 had posterior nasal nerve ablation also. No laser complications were observed. An 80 per cent reduction in medication usage was noted. Total Nasal Symptoms Score decreased by 73 per cent; rhinorrhoea and congestion scores decreased by 54 per cent and 81 per cent respectively. Crusting, epistaxis and infections were minimal, and resolved within two weeks.ConclusionNasal swell body with inferior turbinate reduction, with or without posterior nasal nerve ablation, is a new method of treating nasal obstruction and congestion. Laser posterior nasal nerve ablation can be utilised as a complementary tool to deliver anatomical obstruction relief.
Financialization of Eldercare in a Nordic Welfare State
Authors: HOPPANIA HANNA-KAISA , KARSIO OLLI , NÄRE LENA , VAITTINEN TIINA , ZECHNER MINNA 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe increasing presence of for-profit service providers in publicly-funded eldercare has transformed care in Nordic welfare states which have a strong tradition of public care provision. Macro-level research on care policies has mainly focused on public institutions, national policies, and marketization. The financialization of eldercare has not received much scholarly attention, and existing studies mostly focus on the UK. The financialization of eldercare refers to the ways in which care is both a site of profit extraction and financial engineering. The Nordic system is relatively universal, and, with rapidly ageing demographics, there is a secured demand for eldercare services. However, these services have been heavily marketized over the past two decades, opening up lucrative possibilities for financialized actors who have established a stronghold over the markets. We analyse these processes through selected empirical examples from Finland, and argue that the financialization of eldercare in the Nordic context demands attention as we are witnessing a new configuration between the constitutional order of the welfare state, public finances, and private profit which is neither transparent, nor democratic.
Attracted to feed, not to be fed upon – on the biology of Toxomerus basalis (Walker, 1836), the kleptoparasitic ‘sundew flower fly’ (Diptera: Syrphidae)
Authors: Fleischmann Andreas , Gonella Paulo M. , Rojo Santos , Mengual Ximo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe complete life history of the kleptoparasitic ‘sundew flower fly’, Toxomerus basalis, is presented and illustrated. Adults of this species are photographed alive for the first time, including video recordings of larval and adult behaviour. Adult flies of both sexes visit Drosera (sundews) and show territorial behaviour around the plants, avoiding the dangerous sticky traps and demonstrating recognition of their larval host plant. Females lay eggs directly on non-sticky parts of the Drosera host plants, such as on the lower surface of the leaves and flower stalks, but apparently also on other plants growing in close proximity with the sundews.
The application framework of big data technology during the COVID-19 pandemic in China
Authors: Chen Wenyu , Yao Ming , Dong Liang , Shao Pingyang , Zhang Ye , Fu Binjie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Big data has been reported widely to facilitate epidemic prevention and control in health care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, there is still a lack of practical experience in applying it to hospital prevention and control. This study is devoted to the practical experience of design and implementation as well as the preliminary results of an innovative big data-driven COVID-19 risk personnel screening management system in a hospital. Our screening system integrates data sources in four dimensions, which includes Health Quick Response (QR) code, abroad travelling history, transportation close contact personnel and key surveillance personnel. Its screening targets cover all patients, care partner and staff who come to the hospital. As of November 2021, nearly 690 000 people and 5.79 million person-time had used automated COVID-19 risk screening and monitoring. A total of 10 376 person-time (0.18%) with abnormal QR code were identified, 242 person-time with abroad travelling history were identified, 925 person-time were marked based on the data of key surveillance personnel, no transportation history personnel been reported and no COVID-19 nosocomial infection occurred in the hospital. Through the application of this system, the hospital's expenditure on manpower and material resources for epidemic prevention and control has also been significantly reduced. Collectively, this study has proved to be an effective and efficient model for the use of digital health technology in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the data from multiple sources, this system has an irreplaceable role in identifying close contacts or suspicious person, and can significantly reduce the social burden caused by COVID-19, especially the human resources and economic costs of hospital prevention and control. It may provide guidance for clinical epidemic prevention and control in hospitals, as well as for future public health emergencies.
Climate scenario analysis for pension schemes: a UK case study
Authors: Bongiorno Luca , Claringbold Andrew , Eichler Lisa , Jones Claire , Kramer Bert , Pryor Louise , Spencer Nick 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper demonstrates how climate scenario analysis can be used for forward-looking assessment of the risks and opportunities for financial institutions, using a case study for a UK defined benefit pension scheme. It uses a top-down modelling tool developed by Ortec Finance in partnership with Cambridge Econometrics to explore the possible impacts of three plausible (not extreme) climate pathways of the scheme’s assets and liabilities. It finds that the funding risks are greater under all three climate pathways than under the climate-uninformed base scenario. In the absence of changes to the investment strategy or recovery plan, the time taken to reach full funding is increased by three to nine years. Given that most models currently used by actuaries do not make explicit adjustments for climate change, these modelled results suggest it is quite likely that pension schemes are systematically underestimating the funding risks they face.