bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying infected patients using semi-supervised and transfer learning
Authors: Bashiri Fereshteh S , Caskey John R , Mayampurath Anoop , Dussault Nicole , Dumanian Jay , Bhavani Sivasubramanium V , Carey Kyle A , Gilbert Emily R , Winslow Christopher J , Shah Nirav S , Edelson Dana P , Afshar Majid , Churpek Matthew M 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesEarly identification of infection improves outcomes, but developing models for early identification requires determining infection status with manual chart review, limiting sample size. Therefore, we aimed to compare semi-supervised and transfer learning algorithms with algorithms based solely on manual chart review for identifying infection in hospitalized patients.Materials and MethodsThis multicenter retrospective study of admissions to 6 hospitals included “gold-standard” labels of infection from manual chart review and “silver-standard” labels from nonchart-reviewed patients using the Sepsis-3 infection criteria based on antibiotic and culture orders. “Gold-standard” labeled admissions were randomly allocated to training (70%) and testing (30%) datasets. Using patient characteristics, vital signs, and laboratory data from the first 24 hours of admission, we derived deep learning and non-deep learning models using transfer learning and semi-supervised methods. Performance was compared in the gold-standard test set using discrimination and calibration metrics.ResultsThe study comprised 432 965 admissions, of which 2724 underwent chart review. In the test set, deep learning and non-deep learning approaches had similar discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.82). Semi-supervised and transfer learning approaches did not improve discrimination over models fit using only silver- or gold-standard data. Transfer learning had the best calibration (unreliability index P value: .997, Brier score: 0.173), followed by self-learning gradient boosted machine (P value: .67, Brier score: 0.170).DiscussionDeep learning and non-deep learning models performed similarly for identifying infection, as did models developed using Sepsis-3 and manual chart review labels.ConclusionIn a multicenter study of almost 3000 chart-reviewed patients, semi-supervised and transfer learning models showed similar performance for model discrimination as baseline XGBoost, while transfer learning improved calibration.
European Firm Concentration and Aggregate Productivity
Authors: Bighelli Tommaso , di Mauro Filippo , Melitz Marc J , Mertens Matthias 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper derives a European Herfindahl–Hirschman concentration index from 15 micro-aggregated country datasets. In the last decade, European concentration rose due to a reallocation of economic activity toward large and concentrated industries. Over the same period, productivity gains from an increasing allocative efficiency of the European market accounted for 50% of European productivity growth while markups stayed constant. Using country-industry variation, we show that changes in concentration are positively associated with changes in productivity and allocative efficiency. This holds across most sectors and countries and supports the notion that rising concentration in Europe reflects a more efficient market environment rather than weak competition and rising market power.
Estimation and Inference of Quantile Impulse Response Functions by Local Projections: With Applications to VaR Dynamics
Authors: Han Heejoon , Jung Whayoung , Lee Ji Hyung 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article investigates the estimation and inference of quantile impulse response functions. We propose a new estimation method using the idea of local projections by Jordà (2005). We establish consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimator, thereby enabling asymptotic inference. We also consider the confidence interval construction based on the stationary bootstrap and prove its consistency. Confirmatory simulation results and empirical practices on value-at-risk dynamics are provided.
AIM-CICs: an automatic identification method for cell-in-cell structures based on convolutional neural network
Authors: Tang Meng , Su Yan , Zhao Wei , Niu Zubiao , Ruan Banzhan , Li Qinqin , Zheng You , Wang Chenxi , Zhang Bo , Zhou Fuxiang , Wang Xiaoning , Huang Hongyan , Shi Hanping , Sun Qiang 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTWhereas biochemical markers are available for most types of cell death, current studies on non-autonomous cell death by entosis rely strictly on the identification of cell-in-cell structures (CICs), a unique morphological readout that can only be quantified manually at present. Moreover, the manual CIC quantification is generally over-simplified as CIC counts, which represents a major hurdle against profound mechanistic investigations. In this study, we take advantage of artificial intelligence technology to develop an automatic identification method for CICs (AIM-CICs), which performs comprehensive CIC analysis in an automated and efficient way. The AIM-CICs, developed on the algorithm of convolutional neural network, can not only differentiate between CICs and non-CICs (the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) &gt; 0.99), but also accurately categorize CICs into five subclasses based on CIC stages and cell number involved (AUC &gt; 0.97 for all subclasses). The application of AIM-CICs would systemically fuel research on CIC-mediated cell death, such as high-throughput screening.
Diversity and Prevalence of Ectoparasites on Poultry from Open Environment Farms in the Western-United States of Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and California
Authors: Chambless Kendra N , Cornell Kevin A , Crespo Rocio , Snyder William E , Owen Jeb P 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOpen-environment poultry farms that allow chickens to forage outdoors are becoming increasingly common throughout the United States and Europe; however, there is little information regarding the diversity and prevalence of ectoparasites in these farming systems. Eight to 25 birds were captured and surveyed for ectoparasites on each of 17 farms across the states of Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and California. Among the farms sampled, six louse species (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera & Amblycera) and two parasitic mite species (Acari: Mesostigmata) were collected and identified: Goniodes gigas (Taschenberg, 1879; Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) on one farm, Menacathus cornutus (Schömmer, 1913; Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) on one farm, Menopon gallinae (Linnaeus, 1758; Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) on six farms, Lipeurus caponis (Linnaeus, 1758; Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) on five farms, Menacanthus stramineus (Nitzsch, 1818; Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) on nine farms, Goniocotes gallinae De Geer (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) on 11 farms, Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778; Mesostigmata: Dermanyssidae) on two farms, and Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini & Fanzago, 1877; Mesostigmata: Macronyssidae) on one farm. The diversity of ectoparasites on these open environment poultry farms highlights a need for additional research on ectoparasite prevalence and intensity in these poultry farming systems.
Life History Data ofDipetalogaster maxima(Hemiptera: Reduviidae)
Authors: Meraz-Medina T , Nogueda-Torres B , Martínez-Ibarra J A 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDipetalogaster maxima (Uhler) is a triatomine species that has been found to be infected by Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas in the habitats of the most important tourist areas of Mexico. Its behavior and vectorial capacity have been scarcely studied, although such information is necessary to reliably estimate the importance of this species as a vector of T. cruzi in its distribution area. This study reports biological parameters related to the vectorial capacity of D. maxima. In particular, the egg-to-adult development time, number of blood meals required to molt, accumulative mortality, time to beginning of feeding, feeding and defecation times, fecundity, and fertility were examined. D. maxima took a median of 211 d to develop from egg to adult, requiring 11 meals in total. Almost two-thirds (63%) of specimens died during the cycle. The time to beginning of feeding was 1 min in all instars. Feeding times varied from 14 to 27 min. Most nymphs (except first-instar) defecated when feeding or immediately thereafter. A mean of 0.7 eggs/♀/day was recorded, with an eclosion rate of 27.3%. Five of the eight studied parameters (mainly defecation delay) suggest the remarkable potential vectorial capacity of D. maxima, so it is necessary to maintain permanent surveillance of domiciliary populations of D. maxima, because they may be infected with T. cruzi.
Philadelphia’s news media system: which audiences are underserved?
Authors: Neff Timothy , Popiel Pawel , Pickard Victor 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study builds a multi-dimensional framework for assessing local media systems to identify potential gaps in news provision, especially among socioeconomically marginalized communities. We gather data on income, education, and age of audiences and coverage areas for 38 news outlets in Philadelphia and conduct a content analysis to gauge how these outlets meet critical information needs related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings indicate that multiple dimensions of Philadelphia’s news media system—audience size and socioeconomics, staffing levels, forms of ownership, and platform effects—work together to underserve communities with lower levels of income and education and that this structural gap generates a measurable gap in the provision of news content meeting the critical information needs of these communities. Policy interventions such as public funding and subsidies can enhance the capacity for Philadelphia news organizations to meet the critical information needs of marginalized communities.
Comparison of the NIO and EZIO for Resuscitative Vascular Access in the Emergency Department: A Quasi-Experimental, Before-and-After Study
Authors: Drumheller Byron C , Edgar Matthew D , Tape Meghan K , Vongviphut Don , Herres Joseph P 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Intraosseous (IO) needle insertion is a key adjunctive procedure in the care of critically ill and injured patients in a variety of settings, including the battlefield. The NIO is a new, fully disposable, single-piece, IO device with potential practical advantages under austere conditions. We sought to compare the efficacy and safety of the NIO to an established, well-studied device, the EZIO, when used for resuscitative vascular access in the emergency department (ED).

Methods
Retrospective, single-center, quasi-experimental, before-and-after, observational cohort study performed at an urban, tertiary-care hospital ED among adult patients receiving IO access during resuscitation. The before/NIO period lasted from July 1, 2019, to May 31, 2020, and the EZIO/after period from June 1, 2020, to April 30, 2021. Patient demographics, prehospital treatment, ED presentation, characteristics and results of IO insertion(s), potential procedure-associated adverse events, and ED and hospital outcomes were abstracted from the medical record. The primary outcome, rate of first-pass success (FPS), was compared between the NIO and EZIO periods using multivariable regression after adjustment for potential confounding factors.

Results
We enrolled 63 total patients/66 limbs (mean age 61 ± 18, 51% female), 34 patients/35 limbs during the NIO period and 29 patients/31 limbs during the EZIO period. The most common reason for IO insertion was cardiac arrest (40/63, 63%), followed by respiratory failure, trauma, and sepsis. The majority of IO insertions were performed at the proximal tibia (58/66, 88%) by senior emergency medicine residents or faculty. The overall rate of FPS was 53/66 (80%), 24/35 (69%) with the NIO compared to 29/31 (94%) with the EZIO. After multivariable modeling, the odds of FPS with the NIO vs. the EZIO was 0.19 (95% CI, 0.01–1.5, P = .16). Procedure-related adverse events were infrequent in both groups. In-hospital mortality was 45/63 (71%).

Conclusions
We found that the NIO device was associated with a lower-than-expected rate of FPS compared to the EZIO device, although not significantly different after adjusting for between-group imbalances and considering limitations in the study design. Further, prospective research into the efficacy and safety of the NIO is needed before clinical use can be encouraged.
Ocular Trauma and Traumatic Brain Injury on the Battlefield: A Systematic Review After 20 Years of Fighting the Global War on Terror
Authors: Lee Ian , Davis Brian , Purt Boonkit , DesRosiers Taylor 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom saw higher rates of combat ocular trauma (COT) than any past U.S. conflict. The improvised explosive device, the signature weapon of the conflicts, as well as improved personal protective equipment and combat medical care all attributed to COT being the fourth most common injury sustained by wounded U.S. service members. This review describes the epidemiology, mechanisms, and treatment patterns and discusses the relationship of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) to ocular injuries sustained by U.S. service members during the War on Terror.

Materials and Methods
A mixed-methods review of the literature was conducted by extracting data from PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane research databases between December 15, 2020, and January 25, 2021, using the COVIDENCE review management software.

Results
Of 827 articles for review, 50 were deemed relevant. Articles were separated using the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology into open globe, closed globe, mixed/injury management only, and TBI. Seventeen articles were found to discuss data pertaining to particular databases. Overall, six articles discussed open-globe injuries in the setting of overall COT with a reported rate of 38-64%. Three articles discussed closed-globe injuries in the context of overall COT with a rate of 39-47%. Numerous articles discussed the relationship between COT and TBI. Within the Walter Reed Ocular Trauma Database, 40% of patients with ocular trauma had concomitant TBI. Additionally, the visual sequelae of ocular trauma ranged from 9% to 50% among reporting studies. Other ocular injury patterns receiving attention include neuro-ophthalmic and oculoplastic injuries. By far the most common mechanism of COT was blast injury (64-84%), with improvised explosive devices (IEDs) accounting for 51-69% of ocular injuries. Among the large reporting databases, 41-45% of COT required surgical treatment with an overall enucleation rate of 12-17%.

Conclusions
The Global War on Terrorism saw an evolution in the types of ocular injuries sustained by U.S. service members compared to previous conflicts. The widespread use of IEDs led to injury patterns not encountered in previous conflicts. Weapons of today utilize blast and shrapnel as the mechanism for destruction. Sequelae such as TBIs and complicated head and neck trauma have pushed innovation in the field of ophthalmology. Improvements in medical technology and personal protective equipment have resulted in not only survival of previously life-threatening injuries, but also a greater chance of severe loss of vision. By analyzing ocular injury data from the trauma literature, improvements in education and training can lead to improvements in point-of-injury care and eye protection for the next generation of warfighters.
Ozonated oil is effective at killing Candida species and Streptococcus mutans biofilm-derived cells under aerobic and microaerobic conditions
Authors: Higa Barbara , Cintra Bianca Souza , Álvarez Carmen Magaly , Ribeiro Arthur Barcelos , Ferreira Jair Camargo , Tavares Denise Crispim , Enriquez Vanessa , Martinez Luis R , Pires Regina Helena 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

This study explores the growth of bacterial, fungal, and interkingdom biofilms under aerobiosis or microaerobic conditions and the effect of ozonated sunflower oil on these biofilms. Candida species and Streptococcus mutans were used to study this interaction due to their importance in oral health and disease as these microorganisms display a synergistic relationship that manifests in the onset of caries and tooth decay. Biofilms were developed in a 96-well microtiter plate at 37ºC for 24 h, under aerobiosis or microaerobic conditions, and treated with ozonated oil for 5 to 120 min. All the microorganisms formed biofilms in both oxygenation conditions. Scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize biofilm morphology. Rodent experiments were performed to verify the oil-related toxicity and its efficacy in oral candidiasis. The growth of all Candida species was increased when co-cultured with S. mutans, whilst the growth of bacterium was greater only when co-cultured with C. krusei and C. orthopsilosis under aerobiosis and microaerobic conditions, respectively. Regardless of the oxygenation condition, ozonated oil significantly reduced the viability of all the tested biofilms and infected mice, showing remarkable microbicidal activity as corroborated with confocal microscopy and minimal toxicity. Thus, ozonated oil therapy can be explored as a strategy to control diseases associated with these biofilms especially in the oral cavity.

Lay Summary
We demonstrated that ozonated sunflower oil is effective at killing the biofilms formed by Candida species, by the bacterium Streptococcus mutans, or by both micoorganisms that can interact in the oral cavity, making it a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of these infections.
Radio emission from simulated tidal disruption events
Authors: Spaulding Alexandra , Chang Philip 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Several tidal disruption events such as ASASSN-14li and XMMSL1 J0740-85 have recently been observed in the radio. While the radio emission of some tidal disruption events are attributed to a relativistic jet, a few others are associated with a non-relativistic outflow. This outflow can either be due to a spherical wind or unbound tidal debris. We explore this latter hypothesis in this paper. We show that the maximum velocity of the unbound debris is a function of the impact parameter, such that smaller impact parameters (closer approaches) produce larger maximum velocities. We then model this outflow which expands and shocks the local interstellar medium and compute the peak radio flux and frequency as functions of the impact parameter. Moreover, multiple epochs of observations can put additional constraints on the profile of the local interstellar medium. We apply this analysis to four tidal disruption events whose radio emission is attributed to a non-relativistic outflow and show that the velocities of the unbound material are consistent with our simulated events. We also place constraints on the density profile of three of the four tidal disruption events with multiple epochs of observations.
What leads to premature upper cut-off frequencies of auroral radio emission from hot magnetic stars?
Authors: Das Barnali , Chandra Poonam , Petit Véronique 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Recently, a large number of hot magnetic stars have been discovered to produce auroral radio emission by the process of electron cyclotron maser emission (ECME). Such stars have been given the name of main-sequence radio pulse emitters (MRPs). The phenomenon characterizing MRPs is very similar to that exhibited by planets like Jupiter. However, one important aspect in which the MRPs differ from aurorae exhibited by planets is the upper cut-off frequency of the ECME spectrum. While Jupiter’s upper cut-off frequency was found to correspond to its maximum surface magnetic field strength, the same for MRPs are always found to be much smaller than the frequencies corresponding to their maximum surface magnetic field strength. In this paper, we report the wideband observations (0.4–4.0 GHz) of the MRP HD 35298 that enabled us to locate the upper cut-off frequency of its ECME spectrum. This makes HD 35298 the sixth MRP with a known constraint on the upper cut-off frequency. With this information, for the first time, we investigate into what could lead to the premature cut-off. We review the existing scenarios attempting to explain this effect, and arrive at the conclusion that none of them can satisfactorily explain all the observations. We speculate that more than one physical processes might be in play to produce the observed characteristics of ECME cut-off for hot magnetic stars. Further observations, both for discovering more hot magnetic stars producing ECME and to precisely locate the upper cut-off, will be critical to solve this problem.
Lyman alpha and Lyman continuum emission of Mg ii-selected star-forming galaxies
Authors: Izotov Y I , Chisholm J , Worseck G , Guseva N G , Schaerer D , Prochaska J X 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We present observations with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph onboard the Hubble Space Telescope of seven compact low-mass star-forming galaxies at redshifts, z, in the range 0.3161–0.4276, with various O3Mg2 = [O iii] λ5007/Mg ii λ2796+2803 and Mg2 = Mg ii λ2796/Mg ii λ2803 emission-line ratios. We aim to study the dependence of leaking Lyman continuum (LyC) emission on the characteristics of Mg ii emission together with the dependencies on other indirect indicators of escaping ionizing radiation. LyC emission with escape fractions fesc(LyC) = 3.1–4.6 per cent is detected in four galaxies, whereas only 1σ upper limits of fesc(LyC) in the remaining three galaxies were derived. A strong narrow Lyα emission line with two peaks separated by $V_{\rm sep}\, \sim$ 298–592 km s−1 was observed in four galaxies with detected LyC emission and very weak Lyα emission is observed in galaxies with LyC non-detections. Our new data confirm the tight anticorrelation between fesc(LyC) and Vsep found for previous low-redshift galaxy samples. Vsep remains the best indirect indicator of LyC leakage among all considered indicators. It is found that escaping LyC emission is detected predominantly in galaxies with Mg$_2\, \gtrsim$ 1.3. A tendency of an increase of fesc(LyC) with increasing of both the O3Mg2 and Mg2 is possibly present. However, there is substantial scatter in these relations not allowing their use for reliable prediction of fesc(LyC).
The nature of the radio source detected towards the exoplanet system 1RXS1609.1−210524
Authors: Narang Mayank 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Several studies have been carried out to detect radio emissions from known exoplanets. Some of these studies have resulted in tentative detections of radio sources near the position of known exoplanets. One such planet/brown dwarf around which a radio source was detected is 1RXS1609.1−210524 (hereafter 1RX) b. A radio source near 1RX was detected with the TIFR GMRT Sky Survey (TGSS) at 150 MHz and the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) at 1.4 GHz. However, since these surveys’ spatial resolution was low, it was not possible to ascertain whether the radio emission originated from the system or a background source. This work presents results from the 1RX field’s targeted observations at 150, 325, and 610 MHz with Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope (GMRT). These observations have a higher angular resolution as compared to TGSS and NVSS. I detected the radio source near the position of 1RX at all frequencies with GMRT. I further used the Very Large Array Sky Survey (VLASS) data at 3 GHz to determine the flux density and position at high frequency. With the targeted GMRT observations and observations from VLASS, I show that the radio emission does not originate from the 1RX b but is from a background source about ∼13 arcsec away from the host star. Further, no radio emission was detected from the position of 1RX.