bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘It stopped you thinking about food’ – The experiences of mealtimes and attending a post‐meal support group for young people with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Monaghan Margaret , Doyle Louise 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAnorexia nervosa presents as an international public health concern as it is the mental health problem with the greatest risk of mortality, and the average age of onset is decreasing. For those experiencing anorexia nervosa, mealtimes have long been recognized as a difficult and distressing time when young people need additional support. However, the post mealtime period can be associated with even greater distress, yet there is little research on interventions to support young people in this vulnerable time, and even less on how young people experience these interventions. This study, therefore, explores young peoples' perceptions of mealtimes and a post mealtime support group. Using a qualitative descriptive design, telephone interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of six young people who participated in a post‐meal support group while an inpatient in a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Unit. Using a semi‐structured interview guide, participants were asked about their experiences of this support group and their perceptions of how to improve this intervention. Content analysis resulted in the development of three themes: ‘The Challenges of Mealtimes and Post Mealtimes’, ‘The Benefits of Post‐meal Support Groups’, and ‘Improving Unhelpful Aspects of Post‐meal Support Groups’. Findings are reported in accordance with COREQ guidelines and suggest that for young people experiencing anorexia nervosa, post mealtimes are often more distressing than the meal itself and that participants found post‐meal support groups to be a helpful intervention in reducing post‐mealtime distress. Post‐meal support groups can be improved by ensuring a consistent approach from staff and providing staff with the training and knowledge required to support those affected by eating disorders.
A decomposition approach for multidimensional knapsacks with family‐split penalties
Authors: Mancini Simona , Meloni Carlo , Ciavotta Michele 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe optimization of Multidimensional Knapsacks with Family‐Split Penalties has been introduced in the literature as a variant of the more classical Multidimensional Knapsack and Multi‐Knapsack problems. This problem deals with a set of items partitioned in families, and when a single item is picked to maximize the utility, then all items in its family must be picked. Items from the same family can be assigned to different knapsacks, and in this situation split penalties are paid. This problem arises in real applications in various fields. This paper proposes a new exact and fast algorithm based on a specific Combinatorial Benders Cuts scheme. An extensive experimental campaign computationally shows the validity of the proposed method and its superior performance compared to both commercial solvers and state‐of‐the‐art approaches. The paper also addresses algorithmic flexibility and scalability issues, investigates challenging cases, and analyzes the impact of problem parameters on the algorithm behavior. Moreover, it shows the applicability of the proposed approach to a wider class of realistic problems, including fixed costs related to each knapsack utilization. Finally, further possible research directions are considered.
Incidence, prevalence, and potential risk factors for diabetic foot ulceration: A retrospective review at a multidisciplinary centre in Barbados
Authors: Lovell Laura , Dunkley Alison , Webb David , Jarvis Janet , Gillies Clare 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveDiabetes and lower extremity amputation rates in Barbados are among some of the highest globally, with peripheral neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease found to be independent risk factors for this population. Despite this, there is currently a lack of research evidence on rates of diabetic foot ulceration, which has amputation as its sequela. We aimed to evaluate the incidence and prevalence rates of active ulceration in a population of people with diabetes in Barbados. Secondly, we explored the risk factors for new/recurrent ulceration.Research Design and MethodsData were extracted from the electronic medical records for the period January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020 for a retrospective cross‐sectional study for patients of a publicly‐funded diabetes management programme. Eligible records included people aged 18 years and above with a diagnosis of type 1 or 2 diabetes. Potential risk factors were explored using univariable logistic regression models.ResultsA total of 225 patients were included in the study (96% type 2 diabetes, 70.7% female, 98.7% Black Caribbean). The 1‐year period prevalence of diabetic foot ulceration was 14.7% (confidence interval [CI]: 10.5, 20.1). Incidence of ulceration in the same period was 4.4% (CI: 4.4, 4.5). Risk factors associated with diabetic foot ulceration included: retinopathy (OR 3.85, CI: 1.24, 11.93), chronic kidney disease (OR 9.86, CI: 1.31, 74.22), aspirin use (OR 3.326, CI: 1.02, 10.85), and clopidogrel use (OR 3.13, CI: 1.47, 6.68).ConclusionThis study provided some insight into potential risk factors for foot ulceration in this population, which previous studies have shown to have higher rates of lower extremity amputations. Further research in this understudied group through a larger prospective cohort would allow more meaningful associations with risk factors and would be useful for the creation of risk prediction models.
How plants conquered land: evolution of terrestrial adaptation
Authors: Kapoor Bhuvnesh , Kumar Pankaj , Verma Vipasha , Irfan Mohammad , Sharma Rajnish , Bhargava Bhavya 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe transition of plants from water to land is considered one of the most significant events in the evolution of life on Earth. The colonization of land by plants, accompanied by their morphological, physiological and developmental changes, resulted in plant biodiversity. Besides significantly influencing oxygen levels in the air and on land, plants manufacture organic matter from CO2 and water with the help of sunlight, paving the way for the diversification of nonplant lineages ranging from microscopic organisms to animals. Land plants regulate the climate by adjusting total biomass and energy flow. At the genetic level, these innovations are achieved through the rearrangement of pre‐existing genetic information. Advances in genome sequencing technology are revamping our understanding of plant evolution. This study highlights the morphological and genomic innovations that allow plants to integrate life on Earth.
Cracks in the foundation: The experience of care aides in long‐term care homes during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Titley Heather K. , Young Sandra , Savage Amber , Thorne Trina , Spiers Jude , Estabrooks Carole A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundCare aides (certified nursing assistants, personal support workers) are the largest workforce in long‐term care (LTC) homes (nursing homes). They provide as much as 90% of direct care to residents. Their health and well‐being directly affect both quality of care and quality of life for residents. The aim of this study was to understand the impact of COVID‐19 on care aides working in LTC homes during the first year of the pandemic.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with a convenience sample of 52 care aides from 8 LTC homes in Alberta and one in British Columbia, Canada, between January and April 2021. Nursing homes were purposively selected across: (1) ownership model and (2) COVID impact (the rate of COVID infections reported from March to December 2020). Interviews were recorded and analyzed using inductive content analysis.ResultsCare aides were mainly female (94%) and older (74% aged 40 years or older). Most spoke English as an additional language (76%), 54% worked full‐time in LTC homes, and 37% worked multiple positions before “one worksite policies” were implemented. Two themes emerged from our analysis: (1) Care aides experienced mental and emotional distress from enforcing resident isolation, grief related to resident deaths, fear of contracting and spreading COVID‐19, increased workload combined with staffing shortages, and rapidly changing policies. (2) Care aides' resilience was supported by their strong relationships, faith and community, and capacity to maintain positive attitudes.ConclusionsThese findings suggest significant, ongoing adverse effects for care aides in LTC homes from working through the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our data demonstrate the considerable strength of this occupational group. Our results emphasize the urgent need to appropriately and meaningfully support care aides' mental health and well‐being and adequately resource this workforce. We recommend improved policy guidelines and interventions.
René Maunier (1915), Les idées sociologiques d’un philosophe arabe/The sociological ideas of an Arab philosopher in the 14th century
Authors: Dufoix Stéphane 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRené Maunier (1887‐1951) is usually considered to be the “founder” of “colonial sociology” in France. Much closer to the anthropologist Marcel Mauss than to the latter's uncle, Emile Durkheim, Maunier's academic career was largely connected to Arab countries like Egypt, and Algeria in particular, where he would teach for more than twenty years. Maunier's inclusion of Ibn Khaldûn into the history of sociology needs to be understood in line with the fact that at the time this article was published, the young Egyptian student Taha Hussein was beginning a thesis in France under the joint supervision of Durkheim and of the orientalist Paul Casanova. Defended in January 1918, three months after Durkheim's death, it was entitled Etude analytique et critique de la philosophie sociale d'Ibn Khaldoun (Analytic and critical study of Ibn Khaldoun's social philosophy).
Association between lack of dental service utilisation and caregiver‐reported caries in Australian Indigenous children: A national survey
Authors: Toh Jia R , Wooi Nadine , Tan Si N , Wong Kingsley , Lopez‐Silva Claudia , Zafar Sobia 
Published: September 2022

AimTo investigate the association between the lack of dental service utilisation and dental caries in Australian Indigenous children.MethodsData from the Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children, which is a longitudinal population‐based cross‐sectional study in Australia were analysed. A total of 1258 children were included, consisting of the baby cohort and the child cohort at Wave 7. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between caregiver‐reported child dental caries and dental service utilisation. Multiple imputation using the fully conditional specifications approach was used to account for missing data.ResultsAround one tenth (12.3%) of Indigenous children did not see a dentist when required. Lack of dental service utilisation was associated with an increased likelihood of caregiver‐reported dental caries (odds ratio (OR) 2.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5–3.8) and teeth removed due to dental caries (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.1–4.7). These associations remained after adjusting for confounders (caregiver‐reported dental caries OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.3–3.8; teeth removed due to dental caries OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.0–4.4). The reasons reported for not utilising dental services when required were the lack of an available dentist (31.4%), difficulties with physical access (19.8%), long waiting times (13.9%), financial issues with cost (5.8%) and feeling that ‘they could cope’ (4.6%).ConclusionsLack of dental service utilisation was associated with dental caries and extraction due to caries in Australian Indigenous children.
Water quality, waste production, and off‐flavor characterization in a depuration system stocked with market‐size Atlantic salmon Salmo salar
Authors: Davidson John , Redman Natalie , Crouse Curtis , Vinci Brian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLand‐based Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, grow‐out facilities utilize depuration to remediate off‐flavor. Water used in this process is either discharged or repurposed as supply water in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). Both approaches require an understanding of water quality and waste production for water treatment decisions and compliance with pollution discharge standards; however, these data were lacking. Therefore, a study was carried out to characterize these parameters. To begin, 311 salmon (5–6 kg) originally cultured in freshwater RAS were stocked at 100 kg/m3 in an 18 m3 depuration tank. Feed was withheld 1 day before transfer and throughout the 7‐day study period. Hours after stocking, total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) levels spiked, and concentrations declined thereafter. Delta TSS and TP were negligible by the end of the trial; however, TAN plateaued, indicating that salmon began to catabolize somatic tissue in the absence of feeding. Geosmin and 2‐methylisoboreol levels in water and fish were low throughout the study. This research indicates that residual waste production occurs while depurating Atlantic salmon. Procedural refinements and recommendations were gleaned including locality for introducing depuration system water within RAS and extension of the feed withholding period before depuration.
MAFLD: A quick fact check
Authors: Méndez‐Sánchez Nahum , Fan Jian‐Gao , El‐Kassas Mohamed , Girala Marcos 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMetabolic (dysfunction)‐associated fatty liver disease has taken importance during the last two years, given the new criteria for diagnosis compared to the previous criteria used to define non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. Multiple studies have also shown that this definition better adjusts to the pathogenesis and patient characteristics with fatty liver.
Genomic analysis of a reef‐building coral, Acropora digitifera, reveals complex population structure and a migration network in the Nansei Islands, Japan
Authors: Tsuchiya Kojin , Zayasu Yuna , Nakajima Yuichi , Arakaki Nana , Suzuki Go , Satoh Noriyuki , Shinzato Chuya 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the structure and connectivity of coral populations is fundamental for developing marine conservation policies, especially in patchy environments such as archipelagos. The Nansei Islands, extending more than 1000 km in southwestern Japan, are characterized by high levels of biodiversity and endemism, supported by coral reefs, which make this region ideal for assessing genetic attributes of coral populations. In this study, we conducted population genomic analyses based on genome‐wide, single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Acropora digitifera, a common species in the Nansei Islands. By merging newly obtained genome resequencing data with previously published data, we identified more than 4 million genome‐wide SNPs in 303 colonies collected at 22 locations, with sequencing coverage ranging from 3.91× to 27.41×. While population structure analyses revealed genetic similarities between the southernmost and northernmost locations, separated by >1000 km, several subpopulations in intermediate locations suggested limited genetic admixture, indicating conflicting migration tendencies in the Nansei Islands. Although migration networks revealed a general tendency of northward migration along the Kuroshio Current, a substantial amount of southward migration was also detected, indicating important contributions of minor ocean currents to coral larval dispersal. Moreover, heterogeneity in the transition of effective population sizes among locations suggests different histories for individual subpopulations. The unexpected complexity of both past and present population dynamics in the Nansei Islands implies that heterogeneity of ocean currents and local environments, past and present, have influenced the population structure of this species, and similar unexpected population complexities may be expected for other marine species with similar reproductive modes.
Symptoms and health experience in irritable bowel syndrome with focus on men
Authors: Bureychak Tetyana , Faresjö Åshild , Sjödahl Jenny , Norlin Anna‐Karin , Walter Susanna 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder with a predominance in women; IBS in men is less studied. The present study evaluated symptoms as well as health and social experiences of men with IBS.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 293 patients with IBS (64 men) and 363 non‐IBS controls (62 men). Gastrointestinal symptom diaries were filled in prospectively, and data on comorbidities and healthcare‐seeking behavior were assessed by questionnaires. Men with IBS were compared with men without IBS and women with IBS.Key resultsCompared with women with IBS, men with IBS had fewer contacts with the healthcare system, fewer psychiatric comorbidities, fewer sleeping problems, and less chronic pain. Urgency to defecate and nausea were less common, and stool frequency was higher in men with IBS. There was no difference between men with and without IBS in terms of educational level, satisfaction with household economy, or living with a partner. In contrast, women with IBS more often lived alone, were more often dissatisfied with household economy, and had a lower educational level than women without IBS. Men with IBS had the same proportion of full‐time employment as men without IBS but in contrast, the proportion of women with IBS in full‐time employment was only 34%, compared to 50% of the women without IBS.Conclusion and inferencesThe present study improves the understanding of men's experiences of IBS and suggests that sex and gender may be integrated into the biopsychosocial model of IBS.
Cone‐setting in spruce is regulated by conserved elements of the age‐dependent flowering pathway
Authors: Akhter Shirin , Westrin Karl Johan , Zivi Nathan , Nordal Veronika , Kretzschmar Warren W. , Delhomme Nicolas , Street Nathaniel R. , Nilsson Ove , Emanuelsson Olof , Sundström Jens F. 
Published: September 2022

Summary

Reproductive phase change is well characterized in angiosperm model species, but less studied in gymnosperms. We utilize the early cone‐setting acrocona mutant to study reproductive phase change in the conifer Picea abies (Norway spruce), a gymnosperm. The acrocona mutant frequently initiates cone‐like structures, called transition shoots, in positions where wild‐type P. abies always produces vegetative shoots.

We collect acrocona and wild‐type samples, and RNA‐sequence their messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) fractions. We establish gene expression patterns and then use allele‐specific transcript assembly to identify mutations in acrocona. We genotype a segregating population of inbred acrocona trees.

A member of the SQUAMOSA BINDING PROTEIN‐LIKE (SPL) gene family, PaSPL1, is active in reproductive meristems, whereas two putative negative regulators of PaSPL1, miRNA156 and the conifer specific miRNA529, are upregulated in vegetative and transition shoot meristems. We identify a mutation in a putative miRNA156/529 binding site of the acrocona PaSPL1 allele and show that the mutation renders the acrocona allele tolerant to these miRNAs. We show co‐segregation between the early cone‐setting phenotype and trees homozygous for the acrocona mutation.

In conclusion, we demonstrate evolutionary conservation of the age‐dependent flowering pathway and involvement of this pathway in regulating reproductive phase change in the conifer P. abies.
Accurate tumor clonal structures require single‐cell analysis
Authors: Su Xianbin , Bai Shihao , Xie Gangcai , Shi Yi , Zhao Linan , Yang Guoliang , Tian Futong , He Kun‐Yan , Wang Lan , Li Xiaolin , Long Qi , Han Ze‐Guang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTumor clonal structure is closely related to future progression, which has been mainly investigated as mutation abundance clustering in bulk samples. With relatively limited studies at single‐cell resolution, a systematic comparison of the two approaches is still lacking. Here, using bulk and single‐cell mutational data from the liver and colorectal cancers, we checked whether co‐mutations determined by single‐cell analysis had corresponding bulk variant allele frequency (VAF) peaks. While bulk analysis suggested the absence of subclonal peaks and, possibly, neutral evolution in some cases, the single‐cell analysis identified coexisting subclones. The overlaps of bulk VAF ranges for co‐mutations from different subclones made it difficult to separate them. Complex subclonal structures and dynamic evolution could be hidden under the seemingly clonal neutral pattern at the bulk level, suggesting single‐cell analysis is necessary to avoid underestimation of tumor heterogeneity.
Effects of periodontal ligament stem cell‐derived exosomes on osteoblastic proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, and signaling pathways
Authors: Lan Qian , Xiao Xin , Bi Xueting , Gu Yangcong , Ai Yilong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivePeriodontitis is characterized by alveolar bone injury and absorption, with high incidence and poor treatment effect. Proliferation, migration, differentiation and apoptosis of osteoblasts are identified as key factors during the regeneration of alveolar bone tissue processes. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) have been proved to be a possible candidate for the treatment of periodontitis due to its multiple advantages, such as increasing the regenerative capacity of bone tissue. However, the effect of exosomes derived from PDLSCs (PDLSC‐Exo) on osteoblasts remains to be further studied.Methods and MaterialsIn this work, cell proliferation, migration, osteogenic differentiation, and H2O2‐induced apoptosis were detected after cells were exposed to PDLSC‐Exo by CCK‐8, scratch wound assay, alizarin red S and alkaline phosphatase staining, real‐time PCR, flow cytometry, tunel assay, and so on. Moreover, the activation of PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling pathways was evaluated by western blotting.ResultsWe found that PDLSC‐Exo are capable of promoting hFOB1.19 cell proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation, inhibiting H2O2‐induced apoptosis, and activating the PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling pathways.ConclusionThese results suggest that PDLSC‐Exo may be a promising therapeutic for osteoblastic damage.
Glycerol strengthens probiotic effect of Limosilactobacillus reuteri in oral biofilms: A synergistic synbiotic approach
Authors: Van Holm Wannes , Verspecht Tim , Carvalho Rita , Bernaerts Kristel , Boon Nico , Zayed Naiera , Teughels Wim 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBoth in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri can improve oral health. Limosilactobacillus reuteri species are known to produce the antimicrobial “reuterin” from glycerol. In order to further increase its antimicrobial activity, this study evaluated the effect of the combined use of glycerol and Limosilactobacillus reuteri (ATCC PTA 5289) in view of using a synergistic synbiotic over a probiotic. An antagonistic agar growth and a multispecies biofilm model showed that the antimicrobial potential of the probiotic was significantly enhanced against periodontal pathobionts and anaerobic commensals when supplemented with glycerol. Synbiotic biofilms also showed a significant reduction in inflammatory expression of human oral keratinocytes (HOK‐18A), but only when the keratinocytes were preincubated with the probiotic. Probiotic preincubation of keratinocytes or probiotic and synbiotic treatment of biofilms alone was insufficient to significantly reduce inflammatory expression. Overall, this study shows that combining glycerol with the probiotic L. reuteri into a synergistic synbiotic can greatly improve the effectiveness of the latter.