bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diversification of species in crop rotation increases the profitability of grain production systems
Authors: Volsi Bruno , Higashi Gabriel Eiji , Bordin Ivan , Telles Tiago Santos 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCrop rotation with species diversification contributes to the control of pests, diseases and weeds and improves soil fertility and conservation, which can lead to increased profitability in grain production systems. The objectives of this study were to determine whether grain production systems that employ crop rotation with species diversification are more productive and profitable than double-cropping rotations without diversification and to analyze the revenues and production costs of these cropping systems. An experiment was conducted in a region with subtropical climate between the crop years of 2014–2015 and 2019–2020. The experiment consisted of a randomized block design with six treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of six grain production systems, including five rotations with varied levels of species diversification and a corn–soybean rotation without species diversification, all under no-tillage. Productivity, revenue, production cost and profit indicators were analyzed. Productivity was compared by Duncan’s test (p ≤ 0.05). The grain production systems with species diversification showed better productivity and profitability than the corn–soybean system. The profit of the systems with species diversification was on average 37% higher than that of the system with corn–soybean rotation. In summary, grain production systems that employ crop rotation with species diversification showed higher productivity and profitability than the corn–soybean rotation without species diversification.
Selection of red fluorescent protein for genetic labeling of mitochondria and intercellular transfer of viable mitochondria
Authors: Taiko Isamu , Takano Chika , Nomoto Masayuki , Hayashida Shingo , Kanemaru Kazunori , Miki Toshio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe phenomenon of intercellular mitochondrial transfer has attracted great attention in various fields of research, including stem cell biology. Elucidating the mechanism of mitochondrial transfer from healthy stem cells to cells with mitochondrial dysfunction may lead to the development of novel stem cell therapies to treat mitochondrial diseases, among other advances. To visually evaluate and analyze the mitochondrial transfer process, dual fluorescent labeling systems are often used to distinguish the mitochondria of donor and recipient cells. Although enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) has been well-characterized for labeling mitochondria, other colors of fluorescent protein have been less extensively evaluated in the context of mitochondrial transfer. Here, we generated different lentiviral vectors with mitochondria-targeted red fluorescent proteins (RFPs), including DsRed, mCherry (both from Discosoma sp.) Kusabira orange (mKOκ, from Verrillofungia concinna), and TurboRFP (from Entacmaea quadricolor). Among these proteins, mitochondria-targeted DsRed and its variant mCherry often generated bright aggregates in the lysosome while other proteins did not. We further validated that TurboRFP-labeled mitochondria were successfully transferred from amniotic epithelial cells, one of the candidates for donor stem cells, to mitochondria-damaged recipient cells without losing the membrane potential. Our study provides new insight into the genetic labeling of mitochondria with red fluorescent proteins, which may be utilized to analyze the mechanism of intercellular mitochondrial transfer.
Green synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles, optimization, characterization and antibacterial efficacy against multi drug resistant biofilm-forming Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: El-Naggar Noura El-Ahmady , Shiha Alaa M. , Mahrous Hoda , Mohammed A. B. Abeer 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) are promising versatile cationic polymeric nanoparticles, which have received growing interest over last few decades. The biocompatibility, biodegradability, environmental safety and non-toxicity of the chitosan nanoparticles makes it preferred for a wide range of biological applications including agriculture, medical and pharmaceutical fields. In this study, CNPs were biosynthesized by aqueous extract of Eucalyptusglobulus Labill fresh leaves as bio-reductant. Box–Behnken design in 29 experimental runs was used for optimization of different factors affecting the production of CNPs. The maximum yield of CNPs was 9.91 mg/mL at pH of 4.5, chitosan concentration of 1%, incubation time of 60 min and temperature of 50 °C. The crystallinity, particle size and morphology of the biosynthesized CNPs were characterized. The CNPs possess a positively charged surface of 31.1 mV. The SEM images of the CNPs confirms the formation of spherical form with smooth surface. The TEM images show CNPs were spherical in shape and their size range was between 6.92 and 10.10 nm. X-ray diffraction indicates the high degree of CNPs crystallinity. FTIR analysis revealed various functional groups of organic compounds including NH, NH2, C–H, C−O, C–N, O–H, C–C, C–OH and C–O–C. The thermogravimetric analysis results revealed that CNPs are thermally stable. The antibacterial activity of CNPs was determined against pathogenic multidrug-resistant bacteria, Acinetobacterbaumannii. The diameters of the inhibition zones were 12, 16 and 30 mm using the concentrations of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/mL; respectively. When compared to previous studies, the biosynthesized CNPs produced using an aqueous extract of fresh Eucalyptusglobulus Labill leaves have the smallest particle sizes (with a size range between 6.92 and 10.10 nm). Consequently, it is a promising candidate for a diverse range of medical applications and pharmaceutical industries.
Elastic interaction between Mauna Loa and Kīlauea evidenced by independent component analysis
Authors: Przeor Monika , D’Auria Luca , Pepe Susi , Tizzani Pietro , Cabrera-Pérez Iván 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe contrasting dynamics between Mauna Loa and Kīlauea have been studied over the last 100 years from multiple viewpoints. The fact that dynamic changes of one volcano trigger a dynamic response of the other volcano indicates a connection may exist. Petrological works show a direct relationship between the magmatic systems of these two volcanoes is not possible. We analysed DInSAR data and GPS measurements of ground deformation patterns associated with the activity of Mauna Loa and Kīlauea volcanoes. The DInSAR SBAS dataset spans the interval between 2003 and 2010, and was acquired along ascending and descending orbits of the ENVISAT (ESA) satellite under different look angles. Of the 10 tracks that cover the Big Island (Hawai‘i), 4 cover both volcanic edifices. Using GPS measurements, we computed the areal strain on 15 triplets of stations for Kīlauea volcano and 11 for Mauna Loa volcano. DInSAR data was analysed by applying Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to decompose the time-varying ground deformation pattern of both volcanoes. The results revealed anticorrelated ground deformation behaviour of the main calderas of Mauna Loa and Kīlauea, meaning that the opposite response is seen in the ground deformation of one volcano with respect to the other. At the same time, Kīlauea exhibits a more complex pattern, with an additional component, which appears not to be correlated with the dynamics of Mauna Loa. The GPS areal strain time series support these findings. To corroborate and help interpret the results, we performed inverse modelling of the observed ground deformation pattern using analytical source models. The results indicate that the ground deformation of Mauna Loa is associated with a dike-shaped source located at 6.2 km depth. In comparison, the anticorrelated ground deformation of Kīlauea is associated with a volumetric source at 1.2 km depth. This excludes a hydraulic connection as a possible mechanism to explain the anticorrelated behaviour; instead, we postulate a stress-transfer mechanism. To support this hypothesis, we performed a 3D numerical modelling of stress and strain fields in the study area, determining the elastic interaction of each source over the others. The most relevant finding is that the Mauna Loa shallow plumbing system can affect the shallowest magmatic reservoir of Kīlauea, while the opposite scenario is unlikely. Conversely, the second independent component observed at Kīlauea is associated to a sill-shaped source located at a depth of 3.5 km, which is less affected by this interaction process.
Household perception and infestation dynamics of bedbugs among residential communities and its potential distribution in Africa
Authors: Mbuta Dennis M. , Khamis Fathiya M. , Sokame Bonoukpoè M. , Ng’ong’a Florence , Akutse Komivi S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBedbugs have experienced an extraordinary upsurge in the recent past across the world. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the community perception of the pest outbreaks, the population dynamics, and dispersal patterns under different habitat systems. A survey was conducted within communities in nine counties in Kenya, where geographical coordinates of the sites of bedbug presence were recorded and maximum entropy distribution modelling (MaxEnt) was used to map and predict the potentially suitable habitat, while system thinking and system dynamics approach with Vensim PLE 8.0.9 software was applied to implement bedbug infestation dynamics. Our results indicated that majority of the respondents had ample knowledge on bedbugs and were concerned about the physico-psychologic and socio-economic health effects. Spatial distribution analysis showed regions in Kenya with optimal to suitable for bedbug occurrence in the whole country, and similar results were found at continental level across Africa. Furthermore, infestation dynamics results showed a rapid mobility of bedbug from one house to another. In terms of management strategies, the models showed that the combination of chemical with other control methods was considerably much more effective compared to the use of chemical approach only, appointing integrated pest management strategy as a better intervention approach in controlling the pest.
Outbreak investigation including molecular characterization of community associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a primary and secondary school in Eastern Switzerland
Authors: Waldeck Frederike , Seiffert Salome N. , Manser Susanne , Zemp Danuta , Walt Angela , Berger Christoph , Albrich Werner C. , Schlegel Matthias , Roloff Tim , Egli Adrian , Nolte Oliver , Kahlert Christian R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAt our tertiary children’s hospital, infections with newly detected methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among children attending primary (age 6–12 years) and secondary school (age 13–16 years) nearly doubled in 2018 compared to previous years. This observation initiated an epidemiological outbreak investigation including phenotypic (susceptibility testing) and genotypic (whole genome sequencing) characterization of the isolates. In addition, a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine source of the outbreak, colonization frequency and to identify risk factors for transmission using a questionnaire. As a result, 49 individuals were detected with 57 corresponding isolates. Based on the case definition combined with whole genome sequencing, a core cluster was identified that shared common genetic features and a similar antimicrobial susceptibility pattern (efflux-mediated macrolide resistance, tetracycline susceptibility along with presence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin). Epidemiologic evaluation identified a distinct school as a common risk factor. However, the source of the clustered infections within that school could not be further specified. No further cases could be detected after decolonization of infected and colonized children.
Abdominal pain is a main manifestation of delayed bleeding after splenic injury in patients receiving non-operative management
Authors: Su Yu-Cheng , Ou Chia-Yu , Yang Tsung-Han , Hung Kuo-Shu , Wu Chun-Hsien , Wang Chih-Jung , Yen Yi-Ting , Shan Yan-Shen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDelayed bleeding is a major issue in patients with high-grade splenic injuries who receive non-operative management (NOM). While only few studies addressed the clinical manifestations of delayed bleeding in these patients. We reviewed the patients with high-grade splenic injuries presented with delayed bleeding, defined as the need for salvage procedures following NOM. There were 138 patients received NOM in study period. Fourteen of 107 patients in the SAE group and 3 of 31 patients in the non-embolization group had delayed bleeding. Among the 17 delayed bleeding episodes, 6 and 11 patients were salvaged by splenectomy and SAE, respectively. Ten (58.9%, 10/17) patients experienced bleeding episodes in the intensive care unit (ICU), whereas seven (41.1%, 7/17) experienced those in the ward or at home. The clinical manifestations of delayed bleeding were a decline in haemoglobin levels (47.1%, 8/17), hypotension (35.3%, 6/17), tachycardia (47.1%, 8/17), new abdominal pain (29.4%, 5/17), and worsening abdominal pain (17.6%, 3/17). For the bleeding episodes detected in the ICU, a decline in haemoglobin (60%, 6/10) was the main manifestation. New abdominal pain (71.43%, 5/7) was the main presentation when the patients left the ICU. In conclusion, abdominal pain was the main early clinical presentation of delayed bleeding following discharge from the ICU or hospital.
Silver-enhanced colloidal gold dip strip immunoassay integrated with smartphone-based colorimetry for sensitive detection of cardiac marker troponin I
Authors: Poosinuntakul Napakporn , Chanmee Theerawut , Porntadavity Sureerut , Chailapakul Orawon , Apilux Amara 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a specific cardiac biomarker for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A sensitive and simple point-of-care test (POCT) is still required for early detection of AMI. To address this need, we developed a dip strip assay based on sandwich immunoassay coupled with a silver enhancement system. Pre-incubation and silver enhancement were introduced to the dip strip to increase sensitivity. Due to the catalytic reaction of the silver enhancement solution, the red color of AuNPs changed to dark brown as silver ions precipitated and enlarged the AuNPs. The obtained results were easily seen by the naked eye. For quantitative analysis, the color intensity of the results was analyzed using a smartphone with RGB color picker application. The effects of operating parameters (volume of AuNP-Ab conjugate, volume of sample, incubation time, and analysis time) were investigated and optimized. Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) by the naked eye was 0.5 ng/mL. The LOD with silver enhancement was 50-fold lower than without. For quantitative analysis using the smartphone, linearity of detection was observed through the range of 0.5–50 ng/mL (R2 = 0.9952) and the LOD was 0.12 ng/mL. The developed method was successfully applied to detection of cTnI in serum samples, achieving analytical recoveries and %RSD in the ranges of 96.10–119.17% and 2.91–5.13%, respectively. Additionally, this developed assay was not cross reactive with the potentially interfering serum proteins. These results showed the great potential of this dip strip assay as an alternative POCT for detection of serum cTnI.
The force of the myosin motor sets cooperativity in thin filament activation of skeletal muscles
Authors: Caremani Marco , Marcello Matteo , Morotti Ilaria , Pertici Irene , Squarci Caterina , Reconditi Massimo , Bianco Pasquale , Piazzesi Gabriella , Lombardi Vincenzo , Linari Marco 
Published: November 2022

AbstractContraction of striated muscle is regulated by a dual mechanism involving both thin, actin-containing filament and thick, myosin-containing filament. Thin filament is activated by Ca2+ binding to troponin, leading to tropomyosin displacement that exposes actin sites for interaction with myosin motors, extending from the neighbouring stress-activated thick filaments. Motor attachment to actin contributes to spreading activation along the thin filament, through a cooperative mechanism, still unclear, that determines the slope of the sigmoidal relation between isometric force and pCa (−log[Ca2+]), estimated by Hill coefficient nH. We use sarcomere-level mechanics in demembranated fibres of rabbit skeletal muscle activated by Ca2+ at different temperatures (12–35 °C) to show that nH depends on the motor force at constant number of attached motors. The definition of the role of motor force provides fundamental constraints for modelling the dynamics of thin filament activation and defining the action of small molecules as possible therapeutic tools.
Screening of global microbiomes implies ecological boundaries impacting the distribution and dissemination of clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes
Authors: Lin Qiang , Xavier Basil Britto , Alako Blaise T. F. , Mitchell Alex L. , Rajakani Sahaya Glingston , Glupczynski Youri , Finn Robert D. , Cochrane Guy , Malhotra-Kumar Surbhi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the myriad pathways by which antimicrobial-resistance genes (ARGs) spread across biomes is necessary to counteract the global menace of antimicrobial resistance. We screened 17939 assembled metagenomic samples covering 21 biomes, differing in sequencing quality and depth, unevenly across 46 countries, 6 continents, and 14 years (2005-2019) for clinically crucial ARGs, mobile colistin resistance (mcr), carbapenem resistance (CR), and (extended-spectrum) beta-lactamase (ESBL and BL) genes. These ARGs were most frequent in human gut, oral and skin biomes, followed by anthropogenic (wastewater, bioreactor, compost, food), and natural biomes (freshwater, marine, sediment). Mcr-9 was the most prevalent mcr gene, spatially and temporally; blaOXA-233 and blaTEM-1 were the most prevalent CR and BL/ESBL genes, but blaGES-2 and blaTEM-116 showed the widest distribution. Redundancy analysis and Bayesian analysis showed ARG distribution was non-random and best-explained by potential host genera and biomes, followed by collection year, anthropogenic factors and collection countries. Preferential ARG occurrence, and potential transmission, between characteristically similar biomes indicate strong ecological boundaries. Our results provide a high-resolution global map of ARG distribution and importantly, identify checkpoint biomes wherein interventions aimed at disrupting ARGs dissemination are likely to be most effective in reducing dissemination and in the long term, the ARG global burden.
Genomic ancestry, diet and microbiomes of Upper Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers from San Teodoro cave
Authors: Scorrano Gabriele , Nielsen Sofie Holtsmark , Vetro Domenico Lo , Sawafuji Rikai , Mackie Meaghan , Margaryan Ashot , Fotakis Anna K. , Martínez-Labarga Cristina , Fabbri Pier Francesco , Allentoft Morten E. , Carra Marialetizia , Martini Fabio , Rickards Olga , Olsen Jesper V. , Pedersen Mikkel Winther , Cappellini Enrico , Sikora Martin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent improvements in the analysis of ancient biomolecules from human remains and associated dental calculus have provided new insights into the prehistoric diet and genetic diversity of our species. Here we present a multi-omics study, integrating metagenomic and proteomic analyses of dental calculus, and human ancient DNA analysis of the petrous bones of two post-Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) individuals from San Teodoro cave (Italy), to reconstruct their lifestyle and the post-LGM resettlement of Europe. Our analyses show genetic homogeneity in Sicily during the Palaeolithic, representing a hitherto unknown Italian genetic lineage within the previously identified Villabruna cluster. We argue that this lineage took refuge in Italy during the LGM, followed by a subsequent spread to central-western Europe. Analysis of dental calculus showed a diet rich in animal proteins which is also reflected on the oral microbiome composition. Our results demonstrate the power of this approach in the study of prehistoric humans and will enable future research to reach a more holistic understanding of the population dynamics and ecology.
Molecular recognition of a membrane-anchored HIV-1 pan-neutralizing epitope
Authors: Torralba Johana , de la Arada Igor , Partida-Hanon Angélica , Rujas Edurne , Arribas Madalen , Insausti Sara , Valotteau Claire , Valle Javier , Andreu David , Caaveiro José M. M. , Jiménez María Angeles , Apellániz Beatriz , Redondo-Morata Lorena , Nieva José L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAntibodies against the carboxy-terminal section of the membrane-proximal external region (C-MPER) of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) are considered as nearly pan-neutralizing. Development of vaccines capable of producing analogous broadly neutralizing antibodies requires deep understanding of the mechanism that underlies C-MPER recognition in membranes. Here, we use the archetypic 10E8 antibody and a variety of biophysical techniques including single-molecule approaches to study the molecular recognition of C-MPER in membrane mimetics. In contrast to the assumption that an interfacial MPER helix embodies the entire C-MPER epitope recognized by 10E8, our data indicate that transmembrane domain (TMD) residues contribute to binding affinity and specificity. Moreover, anchoring to membrane the helical C-MPER epitope through the TMD augments antibody binding affinity and relieves the effects exerted by the interfacial MPER helix on the mechanical stability of the lipid bilayer. These observations support that addition of TMD residues may result in more efficient and stable anti-MPER vaccines.
Court Access for People With Aphasia: A Review of Case Law From 1915 to 2021
Authors: Sherratt Sue 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:Communicative access to participate in daily life is of paramount importance to individuals with communication disorders such as aphasia. Access to the courts may present additional hurdles due to inaccessible legal information and resources, lack of awareness of legal issues, high costs, and the communication disabilities involved in testifying and giving evidence. To address these challenges, this study aims to determine the issues faced by people with aphasia (PWA) accessing the court system in the United States as victims, plaintiffs, or defendants.Method:Using the LexisNexis and Google Scholar case law databases, a systematic review of all U.S. court cases (1915–2021) documenting aphasia/dysphasia revealed 1,926 case reports. After elimination for exclusion criteria, 389 were analyzed using data software to identify types of cases, description and assessment of aphasia, health professionals, and accommodations provided. To facilitate access to this large amount of data, quantitative descriptive statistics are provided and exemplified with quotes.Results:Analysis revealed the continued confusion and inaccuracy surrounding the terms “aphasia/dysphasia,” the lack of knowledge about these deficits both generally and within the justice system, and the absence of involvement of speech-language pathologists. Assessments of PWA were usually conducted by psychologists or medical professionals, and accommodations to allow greater participation for PWA were rarely permitted.Conclusions:PWA are at continued risk of being unable to access and participate in the justice system. The speech-language pathology scope of practice means that we have no choice but to raise awareness of access to court for PWA and to advocate for the role of speech-language pathologists within the health and legal professions in assessing, supporting, and developing strategies to facilitate PWA to be more equitable members of society and equal participants in the justice system. Three practical strategies to facilitate their more equitable participation in the court system are detailed.Supplemental Material:https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21561255