bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ants disperse seeds farther in habitat patches with corridors
Authors: Burt Melissa A. , Resasco Julian , Haddad Nick M. , Whitehead Susan R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHabitat fragmentation impacts ecosystems worldwide through habitat loss, reduced connectivity, and edge effects. Yet, these landscape factors are often confounded, leaving much to be investigated about their relative effects, especially on species interactions. In a landscape experiment, we investigated the consequences of connectivity and edge effects for seed dispersal by ants. We found that ants dispersed seeds farther in habitat patches connected by corridors, but only in patch centers. We did not see an effect on the total number of seeds moved or the rate ants detected seeds. Furthermore, we did not see any differences in ant community composition across patch types, suggesting that shifts in ant behavior or other factors increased ant seed dispersal in patches connected by corridors. Long‐distance seed dispersal by ants that requires an accumulation of short‐distance dispersal events over generations may be an underappreciated mechanism through which corridors increase plant diversity.
Freshwater corridors in the conterminous United States: A coarse‐filter approach based on lake‐stream networks
Authors: McCullough Ian M. , Hanly Patrick J. , King Katelyn B. S. , Wagner Tyler 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMaintaining regional‐scale freshwater connectivity is challenging due to the dendritic, easily fragmented structure of freshwater networks, but is essential for promoting ecological resilience under climate change. Although the importance of stream network connectivity has been recognized, lake‐stream network connectivity has largely been ignored. Furthermore, protected areas are generally not designed to maintain or encompass entire freshwater networks. We applied a coarse‐filter approach to identify potential freshwater corridors for diverse taxa by calculating connectivity scores for 385 lake‐stream networks across the conterminous United States based on network size, structure, resistance to fragmentation, and dam prevalence. We also identified 2080 disproportionately important lakes for maintaining intact networks (i.e., hubs; 2% of all network lakes) and analyzed the protection status of hubs and potential freshwater corridors. Just 3% of networks received high connectivity scores based on their large size and structure (medians of 1303 lakes, 498.6 km north–south stream distance), but these also contained a median of 454 dams. In contrast, undammed networks (17% of networks) were considerably smaller (medians of six lakes, 7.2 km north–south stream distance), indicating that the functional connectivity of the largest potential freshwater corridors in the conterminous United States currently may be diminished compared with smaller, undammed networks. Network lakes and hubs were protected at similar rates nationally across different levels of protection (8%–18% and 6%–20%, respectively), but were generally more protected in the western United States. Our results indicate that conterminous United States protection of major freshwater corridors and the hubs that maintain them generally fell short of the international conservation goal of protecting an ecologically representative, well‐connected set of fresh waters (≥17%) by 2020 (Aichi Target 11). Conservation planning efforts might consider focusing on restoring natural hydrologic connectivity at or near hubs, particularly in larger networks, less protected, or biodiverse regions, to support freshwater biodiversity conservation under climate change.
Impact of heart failure on all‐cause mortality in COVID‐19: findings from the Eurasian International Registry
Authors: Arutyunov Gregory P. , Tarlovskaya Ekaterina I. , Arutyunov Alexander G. , Lopatin Yury M. ,   ACTIV Investigators
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsTo study all‐cause mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 with or without chronic heart failure (CHF) during hospitalization and at 3 and 6 months of follow‐up.Methods and resultsThe international registry Analysis of Comorbid Disease Dynamics in Patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection (ACTIV) was conducted at 26 centres in seven countries: Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russian Federation, and Uzbekistan. The primary endpoints were in‐hospital all‐cause mortality and all‐cause mortality at 3 and 6 months of follow‐up.Of the 5616 patients hospitalized with COVID‐19, 917 (16.3%) had CHF. Total in‐hospital mortality was 7.6%. In‐hospital mortality was higher in patients with CHF than in patients without a history of CHF [17.7% vs. 4.0%, P < 0.001; odds ratio (OR) 4.614, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.633–5.859; P < 0.001]. The risk of in‐hospital all‐cause mortality correlated significantly with the severity of CHF; specifically, the risk of in‐hospital all‐cause mortality was greater for patients in New York Heart Association functional classes III and IV (OR 6.124, 95% CI 4.538–8.266; P < 0.001 vs. patients without CHF) than for patients in functional classes I and II (OR 2.446, 95% CI 1.831–3.267, P < 0.001 vs. patients without CHF). The risk of mortality in patients with ischemic CHF was 58% higher than in patients with non‐ischaemic CHF [OR 1.58 (95% CI 1.05–2.45), P = 0.030]. In the first 3 months of follow‐up, the all‐cause mortality rate in patients with CHF was 10.32%, compared with 1.83% in patients without CHF (P < 0.001). At 6 months of follow‐up, NYHA classes II–IV was a strong risk factor for all‐cause mortality [OR 5.343 (95% CI 2.717–10.508); P < 0.001].ConclusionsHospitalized COVID‐19 patients with CHF have an increased risk of in‐hospital all‐cause mortality, which remains high 6 months after discharge.
NHC‐Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Annulation of Alkynoic Acids with Unactivated Alkenes in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Li Jianxiao , Luo Yougui , Hu Lihua , Liu Lele , Lai Yin‐Long , Xiong Wenfang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAn N‐heterocyclic carbene palladium (NHC‐palladium)‐catalyzed cascade annulation of alkynoic acids with unactivated alkenes under an oxygen atmosphere in ionic liquids is described. This protocol enables facile access for the preparation of diverse alkyl substituted α‐methylene‐γ‐lactones in moderate to good yields with excellent Z/E selectivity. Moreover, the ionic liquid not only acts as the green solvent, but also as the eco‐friendly chlorine source, thus avoiding the use of excess metal halides such as cupric chloride. Some preliminary mechanistic studies were performed, which further revealed possible pathways for this cascade annulation.
The morphology modulation of graphene to produce wrinkles and folds for effective electrochemical determination of Hg(II)
Authors: Liu Yao , Bi Cheng‐Cheng , Bao Qian‐Xin , Weerasooriya Rohan , Chen Xing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA highly efficient electrode material, three‐dimensional reduced graphene oxide with varying wrinkles and folds (WRGO), applicable for electrochemical determination of Hg(II) was obtained by treating graphene oxide (GO) with KOH aqueous solution. After alkaline etching, the relatively flat graphene was altered and its self‐aggregation was significantly alleviated, producing more wrinkles and folds, which provided more active adsorption sites for heavy metal ions. WRGO‐5 modified electrode system herein offers a highest sensitivity of (31.83 μAμM−1) and a lowest LOD of (16.28 nM). Moreover, the electrode sensor possesses good stability and reproducibility.
Tolerance of plant virus disease: Its genetic, physiological, and epidemiological significance
Authors: Jeger Michael John 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe development and use of tolerance have been proposed as an alternative or complementary method to host resistance in the management of plant diseases, including those caused by viruses. There has been much ambiguity among plant pathologists, plant breeders, and agronomists in the meaning of tolerance and how it can be operationally defined, but a modern consensus seems to have emerged. Tolerance is a relative term that means a limited reduction in host plant fitness (reproduction or survival) in relation to pathogen load throughout or during a defined period of plant development and growth such as the reproductive stage. This emphasizes the need to study reproductive stage disease tolerance. Despite this apparent consensus, there remain questions over the use of model plant systems, the genetic background of tolerance, its physiological expression, and epidemiological consequences of its deployment in crops, in comparison with host resistance. Most examples of tolerance reviewed here are for plant virus systems, although other pathogen taxa are referred to, as is tolerance as a natural phenomenon in wild plants including crop relatives. An argument is made for studying commonalities and interactions in host responses to biotic and abiotic stressors; in particular, whether virus infection can mitigate the impact of heat, cold, drought and salinity stress in plants. Finally, we review the use of mathematical models as a means of evaluating the strategy of using tolerance in disease and crop management.
Novel insights into the sea level evolution along the coast of Bozburun Peninsula (Turkey): A study on submerged Bronze Age harbor in Çamçalık
Authors: Kızıldağ Nilhan , Özdaş Harun , Held Winfried , Spada Giorgio , Melini Daniele 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA recent discovery of a Bronze Age harbor site in Çamçalık provides new data for the relative sea level history along the coast of the Bozburun Peninsula over the last 3600 years. In this study, we compared the new and previously published data from nearby sites to determine the long‐term relative sea level changes. Further comparison of the observed sea level data and newly produced glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) models clarified the tectonic contribution to the relative sea level changes. Our results suggest a nonlinear tectonic subsidence trend in the coastal zone since 3600 B.P. The increase in the relative sea level accelerated over the last 1400 years, mostly due to the seismic events controlled by the tectonic regime of the southeastern Aegean Sea. We can conclude that, as in the past, this active tectonic process will have a major impact on the future sea level evolution of the coastal sector of the Bozburun Peninsula. Notably, our study can be used to understand the historical trend of sea level rise while providing a foundation for future trend prediction.
The origin and transfer of water and solutes in peatlands: A multi tracer assessment in the carbonated Jura Mountains
Authors: Lhosmot Alexandre , Bouchez Julien , Steinmann Marc , Lavastre Véronique , Bichet Vincent , Loup Christophe , Stefani Vanessa , Boetsch Anne , Chevet June , Toussaint Marie‐Laure , Gaillardet Jérôme , Bertrand Guillaume 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPeatlands provide a large panel of socio‐ecosystemic services such as biodiversity, water and carbon storage and amenities. Hydrological and geochemical interactions between peats and their surroundings are expected to be favoured in mountainous areas, which are nowadays increasingly sensitive to climate changes. In order to provide an integrated scheme of potential interactions, this study evaluates spatio‐temporal patterns of environmental tracers (87Sr/86Sr, δ18O/δ2H, elemental ratios) during high‐ and low‐flow periods in the largest peatland complex of the Jura Mountains (France). Systematically depleted δ18O/δ2H values in the deepest peat pore waters suggest contrasted dynamics and origins, both compatible with either preferential winter recharge or supply from adjacent high‐elevation areas. Combined with strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr), we show that these water fluxes are purveyors of solutes derived from water‐rock interactions, modified by mixing, evapotranspiration and dilution with local meteoric inputs. An end member mixing analysis of the peat pore water solute composition is consistent with a major contribution of carbonates from the regional Cretaceous limestone formations, located beneath fluvio‐glacial Quaternary deposits underlying the peat. This contribution implies a significant upward water flux from the underlying syncline that could reach a sufficient hydraulic head thanks to recharge from an adjacent regional anticline. These multiscale (anticline‐syncline, syncline‐peatland, peatland‐surface) constraints allow us to propose a relevant scheme for the hydrogeochemical functioning of the peatland, enabling an improved understanding of the current high socio‐ecosystemic value of the area, and the potential future evolution of the related services.
Randomized controlled trial of a prenatal focused coparenting consultation for unmarried black fathers and mothers: One‐year infant and family outcomes
Authors: McHale James P. , Stover Carla , Dube Chad , Sirotkin Yana , Lewis Serina , McKay Katherine 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the infant mental health field, scant conceptual attention has been given to coparenting and family adaptations of non‐white family systems, with no evidence‐based, community‐informed coparenting interventions responsive to unmarried Black mothers’ and fathers’ life circumstances. This study examined 1‐year post‐partum child and family outcomes of a novel, modest dosage (six sessions) prenatal focused coparenting consultation (FCC) using randomized controlled trial methodology. One‐hundred‐thirty‐eight expectant families (one or both parents identified as Black/African American) were randomized to an intervention (N = 70) or treatment‐as‐usual (TAU; control) condition (N = 68). TAU families received navigational support in accessing existing community services for pregnant families. Intervention families received TAU plus 6 dyadic FCC sessions led by a Black male‐female Community Mentor team. When infants were three and 12 months old, parents reported on coparenting, father engagement, interparental aggression, depressive symptoms, and infant social and emotional adjustment. Intent‐to‐treat analyses focusing on 12‐month post‐partum data indicated significant intervention effects on coparenting, interparental psychological aggression, and infants’ emotional adjustment. Improvement was also seen in depression and father engagement, with gains for both groups. Results suggest FCC delivered by same‐race Community Mentors to unmarried Black coparents transitioning to parenthood supports infant and family adaptation during the first year of life.
Newborn behavioral observations system in rural Pakistan: A feasibility and acceptability study
Authors: Parveen Shazia , Zeshan Muhammad , Naveed Sadiq , Levey Elizabeth , Jahan Nusrat , Harrison Alexandra Murray 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) system is a relationship‐based tool that helps parents recognize their infant's competencies and learn their behavioral cues, with the goals of enhancing parental responsiveness and satisfaction in the infant‐parent relationship. In our study, a pediatrician integrated the NBO into 44 pediatric health care visits of infants in rural Pakistan villages, under the remote guidance of two U.S.‐based child psychiatrists. A clinician then gave the mothers a survey about their experience of the NBO and found that the mothers were highly satisfied, reporting greater appreciation of their infant's strengths, greater understanding of their infant's behavioral cues, stronger attachment to their infant, and greater self‐confidence as a mother. In their consideration of these results, the authors explore cultural reasons for the mothers’ responses and generate hypotheses to inform an outcome study of a similar intervention. This was a feasibility and acceptability study and was not randomized, had no control group, and did not use objective measures of outcome.
Prenatal genetic counseling in states hostile to abortion in the final days of Roe v. Wade: A qualitative study
Authors: Getchell Grace , Horan Sofia , Sagaser Katelynn G. , Hercher Laura 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGenetic counselors (GCs) play an important role in providing and coordinating care for patients considering abortion care secondary to fetal anomaly and/or genetic diagnosis. In the United States, restrictive legislation reducing access to abortion has increased dramatically in recent years. In Texas, an unusual vigilante‐style law went into effect in September 2021, effectively banning all abortion after 6‐week gestation; this more restrictive legislation was widely seen as a harbinger of things to come. To assess the impact of evolving abortion restrictions on genetic counseling practice and patient care, we conducted semistructured interviews with 34 GCs practicing in states characterized as hostile to abortion using standards developed by the Guttmacher Institute and analyzed using Dedoose software. All interviews took place prior to the June 2022 Supreme Court decision overturning Roe v. Wade. Our qualitative study offered some support for earlier work, suggesting that time pressure created by gestational age limits and the potential need for patients to travel out of state for abortion care was the most significant impact on GC practice. However, GCs practicing in Texas and other highly restrictive states were more likely to report that legal uncertainty had a greater impact, often affecting their ability to counsel patients. GCs in Texas also emphasized that institutional guidance was helpful and that a lack of institutional guidance hindered patient care. With the Supreme Court decision in June 2022 overturning the right to abortion established under Roe v. Wade, many more GCs are likely to practice in states where abortion is restricted or banned. Our study suggests that impediments to counseling may be underappreciated in the changing landscape of abortion law.
A survey of osteoderm histology and ornamentation among Crocodylomorpha: A new proxy to infer lifestyle?
Authors: Pochat‐Cottilloux Yohan , Martin Jeremy E. , Amiot Romain , Cubo Jorge , de Buffrénil Vivian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOsteoderms of eight extant and extinct species of crocodylomorphs are studied histologically and morphologically. Most osteoderms display the typical “crocodilian” structure with a woven‐fibered matrix surrounded by an upper and a lower parallel fibered matrix. The dorsal ornamentation of those specimens consists of a pit‐and‐ridge structure, with corresponding remodeling mechanisms. However, an osteoderm ofIberosuchus, studied here for the first time, differs in being nearly devoid of ornamentation; moreover, it shows strong bundles of straight Sharpey's fibers perpendicular to the surface in its lateral and dorsal walls, along with a rough plywood‐like structure in its basal plate. This suggests that this osteoderm was more deeply anchored within the dermis than the other osteoderms studied hitherto. This peculiar structure might have been linked to a terrestrial ecology and a specific thermoregulation strategy. Some other notosuchians in our sample do not exhibit ornamentation on their osteoderms, as opposed to neosuchians. Considering current interpretations of osteoderm function(s) in crocodilians, our observations are discussed in reference to possible ecophysiological peculiarities of Notosuchia in general, andIberosuchusin particular.
Single‐cell transcriptomic analysis of the role of HPV16‐positive macrophages in cervical cancer prognosis
Authors: Wang Shiyou , Li Xiaohui , Liu Chao , Yuan Yi , Ma Feng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlmost all cases of cervical cancer (CC) can be attributed to high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPVs) infections in keratinocytes. However, it is unknown whether HPV invades immune cells such as macrophages and T cells. We analyzed the single‐cell transcriptome of the CC and its adjacent tissues and found that HPV16 genes, including E1, E6, and E7, expressed in the macrophages and CD8+ T cells in addition to the malignant cells. HPV16+ macrophages highly expressed the genes that promote cell adhesion and the favorable genes such as WAS, IQCB1, MYO1F, and PDZD11 in CC prognosis. The transcription factor KLF5 potentially accounted for the induction of these protective genes and thus facilitated the infiltration of the immune cells in tumor tissues. Our single‐cell transcriptome analysis suggests the potential value of the HPV16+ macrophage in CC prognosis. However, extensive experimental studies investigating the characteristics and functions of the HPV+ immune cells are still required.
Cancer embryonic antigen (CEA) levels in patients with appendiceal adenocarcinoma predict response to neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy and overall survival
Authors: Egbert Lena , Norain Abdullah , Stucky Chee‐Chee , Ahmad Sarwat , Chang Yu‐Hui , Wasif Nabil 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSerum tumor markers are widely used for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment response, and surveillance. Our study evaluated cancer embryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with appendiceal adenocarcinoma.MethodsThe National Cancer Database was reviewed (2004–2011) for patients with surgical treatment for appendiceal adenocarcinoma. Patients were stratified into two groups: normal and elevated CEA. Multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to determine the independent effect of CEA on survival.ResultsOur study consisted of 2867 patients, 54.0% having elevated CEA. Patients with elevated CEA were more likely to have Stage IV disease, be female, and African American; all p < 0.001. Three‐year overall survival (OS) was significantly higher with normal CEA (75.5% vs. 62.8%, p < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, elevated CEA was associated with worse survival (hazard ratio 1.49, 95% confidence interval 1.23–1.80). Patients with elevated CEA had improved 3‐year OS with neo‐adjuvant compared to adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.004), while those with normal CEA showed no difference.ConclusionsIn patients with surgically treated appendiceal adenocarcinoma, preoperative elevation in CEA independently predicts decreased 3‐year survival and correlates with improved OS with neo‐adjuvant therapy. CEA levels should be considered in clinical decision‐making regarding neo‐adjuvant therapy in patients with appendiceal adenocarcinoma.
Clptm1, a new target in suppressing epileptic seizure by regulating GABAAR‐mediated inhibitory synaptic transmission in a PTZ‐induced epilepsy model
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Lin , Zhou Jin‐Yu , Zhang Peng , Lin Lan , Mei Rong , Zhang Feng‐Li , Chen Yang‐Mei , Li Rong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDisruption of gamma‐amino butyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs) synaptic clustering and a decrease in the number of GABAARs in the plasma membrane are thought to contribute to alteration of the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, which promotes seizure induction and propagation. The multipass transmembrane protein cleft lip and palate transmembrane protein 1 (Clptm1) controls the forward trafficking of GABAAR, thus decaying miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current (mIPSC) of inhibitory synapses. In this study, using a pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)‐induced epilepsy rat model, we found that Clptm1 regulates epileptic seizures by modulating GABAAR‐mediated inhibitory synaptic transmission. First, we showed that Clptm1 expression was elevated in the PTZ‐induced epileptic rats. Subsequently, we found that downregulation of Clptm1 expression protected against PTZ‐induced seizures, which was attributed to an increase in the number of GABAARγ2s in the plasma membrane and the amplitude of mIPSC. Taken together, our findings identify a new anti‐seizure target that provides a theoretical basis for the development of novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of epilepsy.