bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-time monitoring of mono- and dual-species biofilm formation and eradication using microfluidic platform
Authors: Tran Van Nam , Khan Fazlurrahman , Han Won , Luluil Maknuna , Truong Van Gia , Yun Hyo Geun , Choi Sungyoung , Kim Young-Mog , Shin Joong Ho , Kang Hyun Wook 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn a human host, bacterial Staphylococcus aureus and fungal Candida albicans pathogens form a mixed biofilm that causes severe mortality and morbidity. However, research on the formation and eradication of mixed biofilms under dynamic conditions is lacking. Thus, this study employed a microfluidic technique to analyze the real-time formation of mono- and dual-species (S. aureus and C. albicans) biofilms and noninvasive optical treatment of the established mature biofilm using 405-nm laser light. A herringbone mixer thoroughly mixed both bacterial and fungal cells in the growth media before being injected into the observation channels on the microfluidic chip. At a flow rate of 1.0 µL/min of growth media for 24 h, the bacterial biofilm coverage was up to 15% higher than that of the fungal biofilm (50% for bacteria vs. 35% for fungus). On the other hand, the dual-species biofilm yielded the highest coverage of ~ 96.5% because of the collective interaction between S. aureus and C. albicans. The number of cell proliferation events in S. aureus was higher than that of C. albicans for 12 h, which indicates that the S. aureus biofilm was developed faster than C. albicans. The novel in situ test platform showed a significant bactericidal effect (80%) of the 405-nm laser light at 1080 J/cm2 towards the established S. aureus biofilm, whereas the same treatment removed approximately 69% of the mixed cells in the dual-species biofilm. This study revealed that the developed microfluidic platform could be utilized to monitor the formation of dual-species biofilms in real-time and laser-induced antimicrobial effects on dual-species biofilms.
Factors associated with mortality in patients with super-refractory status epilepticus
Authors: Fang Yi-Ting , Lee Tsung-Lin , Tu Yi-Hsien , Lin Sheng-Hsiang , Chien Miao-Er , Huang Chin-Wei , Hsu Kuei-Sen , Wu Yi-Jen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSuper-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) is a critical condition in which seizures persist despite anesthetic use for 24 h or longer. High mortality has been reported in patients with SRSE, but the cause of death remains unclear. We investigated the factors associated with mortality, including clinical characteristics, SE etiologies and severities, treatments, and responses in patients with SRSE in a 13-year tertiary hospital-based retrospective cohort study comparing these parameters between deceased and surviving patients. SRSE accounted for 14.2% of patients with status epilepticus, and 28.6% of SRSE patients died. Deceased patients were mostly young or middle-aged without known systemic diseases or epilepsy. All deceased patients experienced generalized convulsive status epilepticus and failure of anesthetic tapering-off, significantly higher than survivors. An increased number of second-line anesthetics besides midazolam was observed in the deceased (median, 3, interquartile range 2–3) compared to surviving (1, 1–1; p = 0.0006) patients with prolonged use durations (p = 0.047). For mortality, the cut-off number of second-line anesthetics was 1.5 (AUC = 0.906, p = 0.004). Deceased patients had significantly higher renal and cardiac complications and metabolic acidosis than survivors. In SRSE management, multi-anesthetic use should be carefully controlled to avoid systemic complications and mortality.
Comprehensive comparison of treatments for controlling the large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) in Central Europe
Authors: Galko Juraj , Lalík Michal , Rell Slavomír , Nikolov Christo , Barta Marek , Pittner Ján , Hyblerová Silvia , Zúbrik Milan , Kunca Andrej , Vakula Jozef , Gubka Andrej , Holuša Jaroslav 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAdults of the large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) cause serious damage to coniferous seedlings and are among the most important forest pests in Europe. Seedling protection by chemicals is gradually being restricted or banned for environmental reasons, and non-chemical alternatives are therefore needed. In this 3-year study, we compared the following five treatments for protecting Norway spruce seedlings against H. abietis in the Central European mountains where the weevil is especially abundant: alpha-cypermethrin sprays (the only chemical treatment); coating with sprayed glue (Vermifix); wax coating with C and F types (Norsk Wax); and physical protection with collars. The same block design was set up at a clear-cut site and at a nursery site to compare seedling mortality and wax quality under “wild conditions” with pests and under “ideal conditions” without pests. Repeated application of alpha-cypermethrin was the most effective and least expensive method to protect seedlings against H. abietis. Among the four non-chemical methods, repeated application of glue was the most effective. Because collars were moderately effective but not cost-effective, we do not recommend the use of collars. Wax was inexpensive and environmentally safe but protected seedlings for only 1 year; the newer F type of wax performed better than the C type of wax, and perhaps the F type can be improved. In general we found that seedlings at sites with high numbers of H. abietis require protection for at least 3 years. We conclude by providing an overview of all methods currently available for managing H. abietis in forests.
In Japan, individuals of higher social class engage in other-oriented humor
Authors: Tsukawaki Ryota , Imura Tomoya , Hirakawa Makoto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPrevious research on individual social class (SC) and humor has found support for the hypothesis that those with higher SC will engage in more dominant humor (aggressive humor) that derogates or degrades others. One rationale for introducing this hypothesis is the well-known theory that people with higher SC are more self-oriented; however, it has recently been shown that there may be cultural differences in this theory. In this study, using a Japanese sample objective measures (income and educational attainment) and subjective measures (perceived social status) and examined in relation to humor. Four types of humor assessed by the Humor Styles Questionnaire and two types of humor measured by the Dual Self-Directed Humor Scale were considered to investigate the relationship between SC and humor. Unlike prior findings obtained in Western countries, Study 1 (N = 344) and Study 2 (N = 604) consistently showed that SC and aggressive humor were unrelated. Rather, SC was shown to be positively associated with other-oriented humor in Japan, a country belonging to the Confucian cultural sphere of East Asia. The differences in results from these previous studies were discussed from a cultural contextual perspective.
Quantum model for supercontinuum generation process
Authors: Safaei Bezgabadi A. , Bolorizadeh M. A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA quantum theory is established for the propagation of electromagnetic waves in highly nonlinear dispersive optical fibers. By applying the method recently presented dispersion terms and retarded response of the medium are included for the propagation of light in a fiber in this work. A coupled stochastic generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation (GNLSE) is obtained via the coherent positive-P representation to describe the supercontinuum generation process. This coupled quantum-stochastic equation is applied to obtain the linearized fluctuation equation for studying quantum noise and the fluctuation in the vicinity of the formed solitons in the supercontinuum generation process in the region of anomalous dispersion. Also, these equations can be used to study the soliton self-frequency shift quantum mechanically. Finally, we simulate the obtained coupled stochastic generalized nonlinear Schrödinger in the mean case and compare our simulation results with experimental results.
Effect of diabetes on patient-reported outcome measures at one year after laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy
Authors: Nagata Kosei , Miyahara Junya , Nakamoto Hideki , Kawamura Naohiro , Takeshita Yujiro , Higashikawa Akiro , Ono Takashi , Fukushima Masayoshi , Okazaki Rentaro , Hara Nobuhiro , Kato So , Doi Toru , Taniguchi Yuki , Matsubayashi Yoshitaka , Tanaka Sakae , Oshima Yasushi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough patients with diabetes reportedly have more peripheral neuropathy, the impacts of diabetes on postoperative recovery in pain and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is not well characterized. The authors aimed to elucidate the effects of diabetes on neck/arm/hand/leg/foot pain and PROMs after laminoplasty CSM. The authors retrospectively reviewed 339 patients (82 with diabetes and 257 without) who underwent laminoplasty between C3 and C7 in 11 hospitals during April 2017 –October 2019. Preoperative Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scores in all five areas, the Short Form-12 Mental Component Summary, Euro quality of life 5-dimension, Neck Disability Index, and the Core Outcome Measures Index-Neck) were comparable between the groups. The between-group differences were also not significant in NRS scores and PROMs one year after surgery. The change score of NRS hand pain was larger in the diabetic group than the nondiabetic group. The diabetic group showed worse preoperative score but greater improvement in the Short Form-12 Physical Component Summary than the nondiabetic group, following comparable score one year after surgery. These data indicated that the preoperative presence of diabetes, at least, did not adversely affect pain or PROMs one year after laminoplasty for CSM.
Effect of pine essential oil and rotating magnetic field on antimicrobial performance
Authors: Markowska-Szczupak Agata , Wesołowska Aneta , Borowski Tomasz , Sołoducha Dawid , Paszkiewicz Oliwia , Kordas Marian , Rakoczy Rafał 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis work presents the results ofa study which concerns the influence of rotating magnetic field (RMF) on the antibacterial performance of commercial pine essential oil. A suspension of essential oil in saline solution and Escherichia coli were exposed to the rotating magnetic Afield (the frequency of electrical current supplied by a RMF generator f = 1–50 Hz; the averaged values of magnetic induction in the cross-section of the RMF generator B = 13.13 to − 19.92 mT, time of exposure t = 160 min, temperature of incubation 37 °C). The chemical composition of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) essential oil was determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The main constituents were α-pinene (28.58%), β-pinene (17.79%), δ-3-carene (14.17%) and limonene (11.58%). The present study indicates the exposition to the RMF, as compared to the unexposed controls causing an increase in the efficacy of antibacterial properties of pine oil. We have shown that rotating magnetic fields (RMF) at a frequency, f, between 25 Hz to and 50 Hz increased the antimicrobial efficiency of oil a concentration lower than 50%.
Effect of levothyroxine supplementation in extremely low birth weight infants with transient hypothyroxinemia of prematurity
Authors: Yoon Shin Ae , Chang Yun Sil , Yang Misun , Ahn So Yoon , Sung Se In , Cho Hee-seung , Park Won Soon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the short- and/or long-term outcomes of levothyroxine replacement therapy in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants with transient hypothyroxinemia of prematurity (THOP). The medical records of 335 ELBW infants with THOP were reviewed retrospectively to identify whether levothyroxine treatment affects short- and/or long-term outcomes at a corrected age of 2 years. The infants were arbitrarily grouped based on thyroxine (T4) (free T4 [fT4]) levels into group 1 (n = 142), which included infants with T4 (fT4) levels < 2.5 (0.5) ng/dl, and group 2 (n = 193), which included those with T4 (fT4) levels ranging from ≥ 2.5 (0.5) ng/dl to < 4.5 (0.9) ng/dl. Levothyroxine replacement therapy was not associated with beneficial short- or long-term outcomes in ELBW infants with THOP. Short-term outcomes, such as mortality and composite morbidities, and long-term outcomes, such as failure to achieve catch-up height at a corrected age of 2 years, were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2, regardless of levothyroxine treatment status. Levothyroxine replacement therapy is not associated with short-or long-term advantages in ELBW infants with THOP. This study suggests that the severity of THOP may be the major determinant of adverse outcomes in ELBW infants with THOP, rather than levothyroxine treatment.
Distributed acoustic sensing for active offshore shear wave profiling
Authors: Trafford Andrew , Ellwood Robert , Wacquier Loris , Godfrey Alastair , Minto Chris , Coughlan Mark , Donohue Shane 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe long-term sustainability of the offshore wind industry requires the development of appropriate investigative methods to enable less conservative and more cost-effective geotechnical engineering design. Here we describe the novel use of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) as part of an integrated approach for the geophysical and geotechnical assessment of the shallow subsurface for offshore construction. DAS was used to acquire active Scholte-wave seismic data at several locations in the vicinity of a planned windfarm development near Dundalk Bay, Irish Sea. Complimentary additional datasets include high-resolution sparker seismic reflection, cone penetration test (CPT) data and gravity coring. In terms of fibre optic cable selection, a CST armoured cable provided a reasonable compromise between performance and reliability in the offshore environment. Also, when used as a seismic source, a gravity corer enabled the fundamental mode Scholte-wave to be better resolved than an airgun, and may be more suitable in environmentally sensitive areas. Overall, the DAS approach was found to be effective at rapidly determining shear wave velocity profiles in areas of differing geological context, with metre scale spatial sampling, over multi-kilometre scale distances. The application of this approach has the potential to considerably reduce design uncertainty and ultimately reduce levelised costs of offshore wind power generation.
Exploring novel ligands with strong electron delocalization for high-performance blue CsPbBr3 perovskite nanoplatelets
Authors: Wen Zhuoqi , Cui Zhongjie , He Haiyang , Yang Dan , Mei Shiliang , Yang Bobo , Xiong Zhiyong , Song Shanliang , Bao Rui , Zhang Wanlu , Xing Guichuan , Xie Fengxian , Guo Ruiqian 
Published: June 2022

Lewis bases with strong electron delocalization can affect the chemical equilibrium of the system. Therefore, the R-NH3+ and R–C≡C–COO− prefer to coordinate with NPLs, passivating the surface defects and improving the stability of crystals.
Study on actual Ah‐throughput‐based health indicator of battery module consisting of inconsistent cells for its second life
Authors: Jo Sihun , Kim Wooyong , Kim Jonghoon , Kim Kyung‐Soo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this Letter, an actual Ah‐throughput‐based novel health indicator (HI) of battery module is proposed for its second life. The state of health (SOH) of a battery cell is generally evaluated by the cell capacity. However, it is difficult to define the SOH of a battery module since it consists of inconsistently aged cells. To represent module aging and the inconsistency, this Letter utilizes the actual Ah‐throughput, which is the total amount of current suppliable to a load, as the module HI. Ah‐throughput is affected by loss from cell balancing control, which is necessary for the safe and efficient operation of a battery system. The larger the inconsistency, the more balancing operation is needed. Therefore, the proposed HI can evaluate the module health reflecting the inconsistency from a balancing perspective. For the implementation of the HI, its derivation and calculation algorithm are presented. Finally, the effectiveness is verified by various case studies with an experimental setup consisting of a series‐connected cells and an active cell balancer.
High‐precision mathematical modelling of passive intermodulation in connectors
Authors: Song Menglin , Jin Qiuyan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPassive intermodulation is an undesirable but unavoidable interference in communication system. Two high‐precision mathematical models are proposed to predict the passive intermodulation behaviour in coaxial connectors. Three kinds of coaxial connectors are selected as test samples. A series of two‐tone tests with increasing input power from 30 to 44 dBm are performed. The measured results are divided into two parts, which are used for model fitting and prediction verification, respectively. Based on the observation of the concave function characteristics in current‐voltage curve of the connectors, the hyperbolic sinusoidal (sinh) and Gram‐Charlier A Series models are proposed. Compared with the polynomial models, the goodness of fit of the two novel models is higher. Model validation is performed, showing the higher accuracy of the proposed models.
GAN‐based tone curve learning for colour transfer
Authors: Ito D. , Sasaki R. , Uruma K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA new approach for reflecting the colour tone of a reference image on the input image is proposed. Depending on the source and reference image pairs, conventional statistical colour transfer methods often lead to undesirable colour transfer. Conversely, deep learning methods depend on prior learning, which results in unnatural output images when inappropriate images are learned; moreover, in such situations, analysing what kind of colour transformation has actually been performed is difficult. This state of the art motivates the proposal of a new colour transfer method that estimates tone curves based on generative adversarial nets. This method does not require any data set other than input and reference images, thus enabling a more appropriate colour transfer. The superior output of the proposed method compared with some baseline approaches is demonstrated through experiments.
Harnessing power system flexibility under multiple uncertainties
Authors: Mazaheri Hesam , Saber Hossein , Fattaheian‐Dehkordi Sajjad , Moeini‐Aghtaie Moein , Fotuhi‐Firuzabad Mahmud , Lehtonen Matti 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIncreasing the intermittent outputs of renewable energy sources (RESs) has forced planners to define a new concept named flexibility. In this regard, some short‐ and long‐term solutions, such as transmission expansion planning (TEP) and energy storage systems (ESSs) have been suggested to improve the flexibility amount. A proper optimization procedure is required to choose an optimal solution to improve flexibility. Therefore, a mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) direct‐optimization TEP versus ESSs co‐planning model is presented in this paper to enhance power system flexibility. In doing so, a novel RES‐BESS‐based grid‐scale system flexibility metric is proposed to investigate the improvement of flexibility amount via ESSs modules in the numerical structure. In this paper, a novel repetitive fast offline method has been proposed to quickly reach the desired amount of flexibility by defining an engineering price/benefit trade‐off to finally find the best investment plan. Also, multiple uncertainties associated with wind farms and demanded loads and a practical module‐type battery energy storage system (BESS) structure for each node are defined. The proposed model is applied to the modified IEEE 73‐bus test system including wind farms, where the numerical results prove the model efficiency as BESS impacts on flexibility, investment plans and power system economics.
Methanolic rhizome extract of Trillium govanianum coated gold nanoparticles: Facile biogenic synthesis, their characterisation, and potential antimicrobial study
Authors: Zaman Khaleeq‐Uz , Bakht Jehan , Mujawah Adil A.H. , Rauf Abdur , Sharif Muhammad , Maalik Aneela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe scientific community is endowed with the essential biogenic, eco‐benign, and cost‐effective synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of least explored Trillium govanianum methanolic extract. The study involved T. govanianum selection based on its tremendous therapeutic properties. These AuNPs were characterised by UV–visible spectroscope, atomic force electron microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), FTIR spectroscope, and X‐ray diffraction. The atomic force electron microscope pattern revealed that particle size ranges from 2 to 24.3 nm which corresponds to X‐ray diffraction analysis data (8.87–15 nm) with spherical morphology. The spherical nature, particle size distribution, non‐agglomeration, and homogeneity of AuNPs were also studied from SEM image. The diameter range of AuNPs was measured between 20 and 30 nm with an average size of 25 nm. FTIR profile showed that AuNPs were stabilised and capped by bio‐molecules containing aromatic amine functional groups. Amongst C. albicans, Curvularia, R. oryzae, A. niger, A. alternaria, and Paecilomyces fungal strains, AuNPs were found most efficient against C. albicans (53.33%) at 18 μL per disc. While in P. aeroginosa, B. subtilis, E. coli, K. pnemoniae, S. aureus, and X. compestris bacterial strains, AuNPs at 18 μL per disc revealed promising antibacterial potential against P. aeroginosa by displaying maximum inhibition of 66.66 %.
A free‐cutting mesh strategy for optimal shape synthesis in magnetics
Authors: Dassi F. , Di Barba P. , Russo A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe authors propose an innovative technique for dealing with optimal shape design problems that exploits the flexibility of the virtual element method in generating meshes composed of general polygonal and polyhedral elements. Virtual element method and finite element method can coexist on the same discretized domain; therefore, the possibility of dealing with hanging nodes and gluing sub‐domain meshes is ensured. Accordingly, the shape synthesis of a magnetic pole is considered as the case study. It is shown that the proposed technique is effective in handling the shape variations dictated by an algorithm of evolutionary optimisation.
High‐time‐resolution imaging of transient discharge processes without fixed triggering
Authors: Meng Xianglin , Song Hui , Sheng Gehao , Jiang Xiuchen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHigher time resolution imaging is vital for exploring the microscopic mechanisms of the discharge process. The transient processes of discharge phenomena occur in a short time, and the onset cannot be predicted in advance, thus not providing a trigger mechanism for conventional high‐speed imaging methods. Here, the authors propose a high‐time‐resolution imaging method with 55‐ps time resolution and single‐photon detection sensitivity. First, the current signal generated by the discharge itself with a rising edge of only a few tens of nanoseconds combined with a high‐speed sensing and signal‐processing device is used to solve the high‐speed triggering problem, and then the single‐photon avalanche detector array operating in time‐correlated single‐photon counting mode combined with computational imaging techniques is used to obtain the evolution of the negative corona discharge at atmospheric pressure in air on the ps time scale, and finally, the time‐dependent curves of the discharge photon number at different experimental voltages with different curvature radii are analysed. The method opens up new possibilities for imaging other high‐speed dynamic processes without a fixed trigger signal.