bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helping Healthcare Providers to Differentiate COVID-19 Pneumonia by Analyzing Digital Chest X-Rays: Role of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Practice
Authors: Zafar Ullah Abu Naser , Rahman Habibur , Allayear Shaikh Muhammad , Khan Mohammed Liakwat Ali , Faysal Sheikh Md , Chowdhury ABM Alauddin , Uddin Md Nasir , Khan Hafiz T A 
Published: October 2022

Background: Detecting COVID-19 pneumonia and differentiating it from community acquired pneumonia (CAP) has been a challenging task for healthcare providers since the pandemic began. We therefore aim to develop and evaluate a simple, non-invasive tool to accurately detect COVID-19 by using digital chest X-ray (CXR). Methods and Results: We performed a retrospective, multi-center study in which deep learning frameworks were used to develop the system architecture of the diagnostic tool. The tool was trained and validated by using data from the GitHub database and two hospitals in Bangladesh. Python programming was used to calculate all statistical estimates. Our study revealed that the artificial intelligence (AI)-based diagnostic tool was able to detect COVID-19 accurately by examining chest X-ray (CXR). During the testing phase, the tool could interpret CXR with precision of 0.98, recall/sensitivity of 0.97 and F1 score of 0.97 for COVID-19. The evaluation results showed high sensitivity (90%) and specificity (92%) in detecting COVID-19. The AUC values for COVID-19 and pneumonia were 0.91 and 0.87, respectively. Conclusion: The developed AI-based diagnostic tool can offer the healthcare providers an effective means of detecting and differentiating COVID-19 from other types of pneumonia, thus contributing to reducing the long-term impact of this deadly disease Key Points: •	The major strength of this study is that it has led to the development of a technology-based tool that can precisely detect COVID-19 at an early stage and immediately isolate infected patients from the healthy population. •	This next generation test can be accessed by healthcare providers remotely and therefore provide an added convenience. •	The main limitation is with this tool COVID-19 pneumonia may be confused with other types of pneumonia if the quality of the chest image is too low. Moreover, it focuses only on detecting whether or not the disease is COVID-19, but not its severity.
Extension of Non-Sour Severity Boundary for Carbon Steel Pipeline
Authors: Kumseranee Sith , Punpruk Suchada , Dararatana Naruphorn 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Currently the material selection of carbon steel pipeline for oil and gas field is restricted according to sulfide stress cracking (SSC) severity diagram in ISO15156-2 standard. Nevertheless, there is undefined zone between non-sour and sour region in the mentioned specification and subjected to user's experience. The re-evaluation of undefined zone for expanding non-sour services region become much more interesting for cost reduction strategies on exploration and production oil and gas industries. Therefore, the objective of study is the evaluation of a new region between non-sour and sour region to extend non-sour services zone.
According to the lack of adequate data to revise the boundary, the experiment was performed on base metal and welded specimens in accordance with the requirement of the international standard ISO15156-2. As reported in the literature, there are two main parameters that affect cracking resistance which are pH and H2S partial pressure. Therefore, the pipeline cracking resistance in this study was investigated based on these two parameters on a normalized pipe and a quench and temper (Q&T) pipe of carbon steel grade API 5L X52.
The results showed that the hardness in welding zone including heat affected zone (HAZ) for a normalized pipe is significantly higher than the base metal, while this phenomenal is not observed for a Q&T pipe. Due to the fact that the microstructure of a normalized pipe is not homogeneous as a Q&T pipe causing the change of microstructure after welding and rising the hardness in HAZ and weldment.
In conclusion, the non-sour service zone (region 0, sweet service) can be extended from maximum H2S partial pressure of 0.0035 bar to 0.03 bar with minimum pH value of 3.5 to 2.8 in SSC diagram of ISO15156-2. The pipeline to be used in the extended region shall be Q&T pipeline and maximum material grade of API 5L X52 for offshore application. The updated non-sour and sour region for carbon steel API 5L X52 will be highlighted.
Evaluation of Erosion Resistant Ceramic Coated Through Tubing Sand Screen Installation in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Ibrahim Kamal Sarah Nabilah , M. Zin Zulkifli , Kamarul Zaman Nur Hazrina , A. Rahim M. Shamir , Ayub Nur Afiqah , Hasnol Zam Fathin Shalihah 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Wells that are producing with high gas oil ratio (GOR) or gas wells with sand production exhibit highly erosive environment due to their high fluid velocity. Well A, oil producer and Well B, gas producer in Peninsular Malaysia had experienced sand production issues since 2017 which caused the wells to be beaned down and subsequently shut in. The conventional metallic screen is not suitable for these wells as the screen will be impaired rapidly due to erosion. In 2021, erosion resistant ceramic coated Through Tubing Sand Screen (TTSS) have been successfully piloted in these two wells to produce with manageable sand production.
In order to select the right technology, Gas Screen Erosion Test (GSET) and Mechanical Strength Test were conducted as qualification requirement to ensure the screen operating envelope can accommodate the wells’ erosive environment. Once the technology is qualified, detailed design of the screen was established to specify the screen opening size, screen length, location and conveyance method. Post-installation, the opening up of the well is in accordance with the bean up procedure to avoid sudden surge or high velocity flow that can damage the screen. In addition, acoustic sand monitoring and sand sampling were also performed to monitor any solid production. The wells’ performances were then monitored for 3 months flowing period prior to the screen retrieval for visual inspection and pilot result evaluation.
The ceramic coated Through Tubing Sand Screen (TTSS) was successfully installed in both wells despite multiple operational challenges encountered during installation process. Both wells showed satisfactory production performance with minimal sand production observed. Based on these promising results, the technology is planned to be replicated in wells with similar erosive environment.
This paper will cover the end-to-end process of ceramic coated Through Tubing Sand Screen (TTSS) pilot installation including technology selection, screen design, execution, operational challenges and well performance.
Preparation and Microscopic Mechanism Analysis of a New Micro-Nano System for Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Wang Xiujun , Sun Zhe , Zhang Jian , Huang Bo , Cao Jie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The micro-nano displacement system is a novel flooding system developed in recent years, and has garnered considerable attention of scientists. It can achieve deep fluid diversion and expand the swept volume. Owing to its low cost, we employed the flake nanomaterial laponite. In this study, we modified laponite twice to achieve amphiphilic properties. In addition, we conducted structural characterization and performance testing of the modified particles to study the effect of this amphiphilic property on enhanced oil recovery. Based on the results, we successfully synthesized amphiphilic modified LAS laponite particles using the interface method. Furthermore, LAS has good stability even under high temperature conditions, and it can reduce the interfacial tension from 14.9 mN/m to 9.6 mN/m under low dosage conditions at a concentration of 200 mg/L. Nanoparticles exhibit good performance and transport abilities in porous media. According to the reservoir adaptability evaluation, matching relationships between the particle sizes and core permeability were obtained. The oil displacement mechanism of the particles in the pore throat was explored through microfluidic experiments. In addition, the distribution law of the remaining oil during the displacement process was analyzed, which showed that nanoparticles can expand the swept volume. 3D macro physical simulation experiments showed that nanoparticles can enhance oil recovery. Through interdisciplinary innovative research methods, the preparation and microscopic mechanism of nanosystems have been researched, which proves their progressiveness and superiority. The research results provide a theoretical basis and technical support for significantly enhancing oil recovery.
Cost Effective Plug And Abandonment Operations Through Acoustics Based Hydraulic Isolation Diagnostics
Authors: Troup Duncan John , Khalid Muhammad Idham , Ismail Syahezat , Batulemai Sathish Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Presence of undesired and unplanned fluid movement in the wellbore is a major concern for operators through-out a well's life cycle. This happens when the barrier system of the well fails to provide the required isolation. Cemented sections are important barrier systems where failure of isolation can cause numerous issues such as emission to surface, undesired water production, depletion of gas drive mechanism, loss of production to the neighboring zones, contamination of freshwater sands and reservoir damage. Priorities are often given to ensure cement integrity during the plug and abandonment (P&A) phase to eliminate uncontrolled emission to surface post P&A.
Deployment of two new generation acoustics technologies will enable operators to comprehensively identify these undesired/unplanned fluid movement in the wellbore and also indicate cement quality in annulus by running in tubing prior to P&A campaign in rig-less mode. The technology responsible to determine hydraulic seal consists of full-spectrum acoustics sensors that accurately identifies downhole leak or flow behind pipe through industry leading sensitivity & broadest frequency bandwidth sensors. The cement sheath quality meanwhile can be determined through deployment of multi-string isolation logging technology that provides multi-layer cement bond quality measurement. Unlike conventional cement bond logs and ultrasonic imaging logs which requires prior removal of production tubing from the wells, the multi string isolation logging technology diagnoses the cement sheath quality without the need to pull the tubing. Both of this technology can be deployed in the same run.
The accurate assessment of cement bond and isolation conditions in multi-layered configurations not only reduces unnecessary costs, but significantly simplifies the traditional P&A process altogether. While many P&A operations can run as high as $500,000 per day, new generations acoustics based downhole leak and flow detection technology coupled with multi-layer cement bond quality measurement technology drastically reduces overall expenditure and ensures the most efficient operation process. It also paves the way in innovation for a wider range of rigless P&A solutions.
The proposed technology are unique products of Archer and Probe. The combination run also indicate the value that can be generated from collaboration within technology providers in the industry.
Assessment of Requirements for OCTG Connections in Hydrogen Storage Wells
Authors: Martin Pierre , Verger Eric , Mauger Pierre , Rodriguez Alvaro , Boufflers Laurent , Lasjournades Anthony , Brahmi Nora 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Storage safety, especially ensuring the gas sealability of hydrogen storage wells, needs to be carefully managed. Premium OCTG connections are used to connect casing and tubing pipes in these wells. Vallourec Research and Development department has investigated a new qualification testing protocol for hydrogen storage to properly validate connections for such application.
The existing qualification standard for gas well was designed for the oil and gas industry and does not consider the specificities of hydrogen storage. The lifecycle of hydrogen storage is also expected to be different from standard gas underground storage. The approach is based on two main steps. In theory, hydrogen presents a higher capacity to leak through seals compared to methane or helium. In the first step, several gases are investigated to assess the sealability capacity of a connection with a metal-to-metal seal.
Leaks detections devices by vacuum and accumulation with spectrometry were compared and assessed during this phase. For the second step, a dedicated connection test flow-chart is elaborated to consider the specific lifecycle of the hydrogen storage.
The first test program involves several gas mixtures including different concentrations of hydrogen. The purpose of these tests is to determine which kind of gas mixture could be used for the future connection tests to assess 100% hydrogen gas content with the lowest representative hydrogen content to facilitate testing. It was demonstrated that the accumulation leak detection method allowed a better sensibility for the leak detection up to 10-7 mbar.L/s. The conclusion of this first phase is that up to 470 bars the metal-to-metal seal behavior is the same for the different hydrogen concentration studied. In the second phase, storage lifecycle was studied. A connection test protocol was created to reflect the storage with a seasonal cycle and a daily cycle of loading and unloading when the storage well helps to cope with intermittencies of hydrogen production from renewables. This second test program was performed in full-scale in 9-5/8" 47.00 ppf L80 on our latest generation of advanced premium T&C connections to assess the hydrogen sealability performance with positive results. These two test programs have demonstrated a significant improvement in the performance assessment of connections with metal-to-metal seal in these hydrogen storage wells.
Large scale underground storage of hydrogen will be instrumental in global decarbonization. As hydrogen is a flammable, greenhouse gas, and more prone to leak, all the well completion and production equipment will need a specific validation. The current accepted standard used to assess connection performance is API RP 5C5, which is not fully relevant for hydrogen storage applications.
The First Successful Offshore Slickline-Deployed ESP Project in Asia
Authors: Sanni Ireti , Fung Joanna , Ong Linda , Owoyemi Olumuyiwa , Suhaimin Fadzlan , Jasni Majdi , Noto Brady , Malone David , Nutter Greg , Sheridan Ed , Hashem Shiblee , Loli Manuel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The offshore Brunei fields have been producing for over 40 years with 50 platforms and over 400 wells. Historically the predominant method of artificial lift used in the field has been gas lift with significant gas compression infrastructure on the main producing complex. The project is part of a new larger waterflood project that is expected to increase recovery from this field. This phase aims to produce an underdeveloped, shallower area of the field using electrical submersible pumps (ESP) as the lift method.
The well jackets are small, and the use of a workover rig requires a barge for support. This limitation increases the costs of a traditional ESP workover. The long-term economics of traditional offshore ESP projects were marginal and required greater than industry standard ESP run life. In 2016 it was decided to perform a review of an alternative slickline-deployed ESP system to reduce workover costs.
A pilot project of 4 wells was commissioned. Learnings from the project include: Equipment technical qualificationEquipment design and selectionManufacturing processInstallationOngoing operations, including intervention to replace retrievable componentsWell performance summary.
The insights and benefits from these first installations in the region will aid other operators in considering slickline-conveyed ESP systems. The potential benefits include improved recovery, lower workover costs, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. The reduced power requirements of the technology and the avoidance of heavy workovers to change out downhole equipment are primary benefits that have wide application in offshore and remote onshore operations.
The Pilot Recycled Drill Cuttings Road: Utilisation of Onshore Drill Cuttings Waste for Road Application
Authors: Wattana Piyarat , Somdee Subin , Lamsunthia Surachai , Wondee Jutharat , Chonchirdsin Surasak 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This project focuses on development of method to recycle the onshore drill cuttings waste and use them in road application. The hazardous characteristics of the drill cuttings waste are also tested and evaluated to address concerns in both safety and environment aspects. The project goals are to recycle drill cuttings waste into new use, reduce environmental footprint and waste management cost, as well as promote corporate social responsibility and sustainability development.
Potential use of drill cuttings contaminated with synthetic based mud as part of material for road application were investigated. Samples of the drill cuttings were tested for presence of heavy metal. Laboratory tests were performed to evaluate suitable percentage of drill cuttings to be incorporate into aggregate for road pavement. Pilot recycled drill cuttings road was constructed at PTTEP Rapid Scale-Up Center. The environmental impact assessment on soil, surface water, and underground water around pilot road areas are also carried out to investigate potential environmental impact of the pilot road.
Results on heavy metal tests indicate that the drill cuttings are non-hazard with concentration of heavy metal within standards specified in the Department of Mineral Fuel Notification on Petroleum Waste Management dated 28 Feb 2013 and is safe for recycling in road application. Laboratory tests performed in collaboration with the Department of Rural Road indicate that 6% of drill cuttings can be incorporated into aggregate for construction of binding course and wearing course of hot-mixed asphalt road. A 1.2-kilometer pilot recycled drill cuttings road with 6% drill cutting incorporated was then constructed at PTTEP Rapid Scale-Up Center (RASC). The pilot road is used as an access road and road surrounding the PTTEP RASC. Samples of soil around pilot area as well as surface water and underground water from public water and from water drains nearest to the pilot road areas were taken for analysis prior to and after the construction of the pilot recycled drill cuttings road to investigate potential leakage and to assess potential environmental impact of the pilot road to the public water. The water analysis results are within acceptable standards in accordance to the Notification of the National Environmental Board.
The pilot recycled drill cuttings road project is consulted and endorsed by the Department of Mineral Fuel and is the first implementation on drill cutting waste utilization in Thailand. It offers cost effective and environmentally sound recycling method for drill cutting waste management and serve as example of circular model for exploration and production waste.
Real Time, Automatic Injecting of Foaming Agent for Gas Deliquification in CQQK Gas Field, China: A Case Study
Authors: Cao Guangqiang , Li Nan , Wang Haoyu , Zhong Ruizhi , Shi Tao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The foam unloading technology for gas production is a very important technology for solving the liquid loading problem in gas wells, and its applications in the CQQK Gas Field account for 90% of all the applications of all the deliquification technologies using in the gas field. Its mechanism is to inject the foamer into the bottom-hole liquid accumulation by way of the tubing-casing annulus or capillary tubing and produce a large amount of foam there due to the disturbance of the gas flow, thereby removing the bottom-hole liquid accumulation because the foam is easily carried to the surface by the gas flow. In the process, it is the key to the success of the foam deliquification technology to timely adjust the foamer usage according to the production status of the gas well. In the CQQK Gas Field, foamer usage adjustments are mainly based on the experience of workers, and foamer injection operations are manually performed by on-site workers starting or stopping plunger pumps. The disadvantage of this operating mode is the failure to timely and accurately adjust the foamer usage according to the production status of the gas well and implement the injection operation. Seeing that the CQQK Gas Field has such a problem in its gas production based on foam deliquification, we present this paper on an online and real-time automatic foamer injection technology, which involves a mathematical model calculating the bottom-hole liquid accumulation as well as a mathematical model for online foamer usage optimization and couples the two models with plunger pumps for foamer injection by drawing on IoT and Internet technologies. As a result, we have successfully developed this complete technology that involves automatic collection of gas well production data, real-time foamer usage optimization based on gas well production status, and automatic plunger pump operation. It has been successfully applied in the CQQK Gas Field, and its effects in cost reduction and benefit increase are very significant.
A Holistic Approach to Big Data and Data Analytics for Automated Reservoir Surveillance and Analysis
Authors: Jordan Colin Lyle , Koochak Roozbeh , Roberts Martin , Nalonnil Ajay , Honeychurch Mike 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Analyses have been widely applied in production forecasting of oil/gas production in both conventional and unconventional reservoirs. In order to forecast production, traditional regression and machine learning approaches have been applied to various reservoir analysis methods. Nevertheless, these methods are still suboptimal in detecting similar production trends in different wells due to data artifacts (noise, data scatter, outliers) that obscure the reservoir signal and leading to large forecast error, or fail due to lack of data access (inadequate SCADA systems, missing or abhorrent data, and much more). Furthermore, without proper and complete integration into a data system, discipline silos still exist reducing the efficiency of automation.
This paper describes a recent field trial conducted in Australia's Cooper Basin with the objective to develop a completely automated end-to-end system in which data are captured directly from the field/SCADA system, automatically imported/processed, and finally analyzed entirely in automated system using modern computing languages, modern devices incl. IoT, as well as advanced data science and machine learning methods. This was a multidisciplinary undertaking requiring expertise from petroleum, computing/programming, and data science disciplines.
The back-end layer was developed using Wolfram's computation engine, run from an independent server in Australia, while the front-end graphical user interface (GUI) was developed using a combination of Wolfram Language, Java, and JavaScript – all later switched to a Python-React combination after extensive testing. The system was designed to simultaneously capture data real-time from SCADA Historians, IIoT devices, and remote databases for automatic processing and analysis through API's. Automatic processing included "Smart Filtering" using apparent Productivity Index and similar methods. Automated analysis, including scenario analysis, was performed using customized M/L and statistical methods which are then applied to Decline curve analysis (DCA), flowing material balance analysis (FMB), and Water-Oil-Ratio (WOR). The entire procedure is automated, without need for any human intervention.