bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trust and Media Use in Everyday Life in Japan
Authors: Sasaki Masamichi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In trust research, the relation between personal use of media, such as television viewing and Internet use, and trust has been extensively discussed. The association of heavy television viewing and Internet use with mistrust remains a source of heated debate. Putnam stated that, “America’s social capital was in a state of long-term decline, and the main culprit in its demise was the rise of television.” He also pointed out that another principal villain in the decline might be the Internet. While some studies indicate that Internet use may enhance large social networks and contribute to higher levels of generalized trust, others suggest the contrary. This study aims to contribute to this debate. Eight research questions were identified, studied, and reported on. The data were collected based on nationwide general social surveys on attitudes. Results, using multiple correspondence analysis, show clear differences in the media use of trusting and mistrusting persons.
Mapping Cultural Distances in a Catnet Approach
Authors: Fokas Nikos , Jelenfi Gábor , Tardos Róbert 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article studies national-ethnic images and cultural distances utilizing contemporary network methodology. The conceptual framework related to cognitive maps of perceived in-group and out-group stereotypes builds on an extended application of the catnet concept introduced by Harrison White. Employing an adapted version of the classical comparative approach by Buchanan and Cantril, the survey took place online in 2016/17, in a joint project with Greek and Hungarian samples. The analyses build on a two-mode network approach of attributes attached to these two, and four other nationalities, highlighting emotional and competence dimensions and skills/knowledge styles in an attribute/nation perspective. The impact of recent crises is also treated by contrasting the cognitive maps of various segments of the Greek and Hungarian populations.
Where are the Neoliberals?
Authors: Dixon Jeffrey C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Are “neoliberal” policies/institutions related to concomitant beliefs and values worldwide? While disputing the term “neoliberal,” theories of economic freedom expect such policies/institutions to promote what the author here calls “perceived freedom” and should theoretically be related to people’s “free market” values. Theories of neoliberalism equivocate on this question, but class-based strands of them anticipate class divisions in these beliefs and values. Using “economic freedom” indices to proxy the policy/institutional dimension of economic freedom and neoliberalism alike, this study tests these and other hypotheses through multilevel modeling analyses of the sixth wave of World Values Survey data from 55 diverse countries/territories. Economic freedom indices are not significantly related to average perceived freedom in the main. Economic freedom indices are positively related to some free market values, but less robustly so after controls. People who identify as upper/upper-middle class perceive greater freedom and support free market values more than their counterparts. Implications are discussed.
Global Systems for Sociopolitical Instability Forecasting and Their Efficiency
Authors: Korotayev Andrey , Medvedev Ilya , Zinkina Julia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article offers a comparison of sociopolitical instability forecasting systems. It compares systematically their efficiency by correlating their predictions for particular years with actual levels of destabilization in the respective years. It is demonstrated that the predictive capacity of those systems dropped dramatically after 2011. This is shown to be connected with the fact that the Arab Spring in 2011 acted as a trigger for a global phase transition, resulting in the World System making a transition to a qualitatively new phase, with the emergence of new patterns that are not taken into account by forecasting systems developed before its beginning.
What Governs the Interannual Variability of Recurving North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones?
Authors: Sainsbury Elliott M. , Schiemann Reinhard K. H. , Hodges Kevin I. , Baker Alexander J. , Shaffrey Len C. , Bhatia Kieran T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recurving tropical cyclones (TCs) can cause extensive damage along the U.S. East Coast and later in their life cycle over Europe as post-tropical cyclones. While the existing literature attempts to understand the drivers of basinwide and regional TC variability, less work has been undertaken looking at recurving TCs. The roles played by the interannual variabilities of TC frequency and the steering flow in governing recurving TC interannual variability are investigated in this study. Using a track-matching algorithm, we identify observed TC tracks from the NHC “best track” hurricane database, version 2 (HURDAT2) in the ERA5 and MERRA2 reanalyses. This allows for detailed analysis of the post-tropical stages of the tracks in the observational TC record, enabling robust identification and separation of TCs that recurve. We show that over 75% of the interannual variance in annual recurving TC frequency can be explained by just two predictors—the frequency of TCs forming in the subtropical Atlantic, and hurricanes (TCs with wind speeds > 33 m s−1) forming in the main development region (MDR). An index describing the seasonal mean meridional steering flow shows a weak, nonsignificant relationship with recurving TC frequency, supported by composite analysis. These results show that the interannual variability in recurving TC frequency is primarily driven by the seasonal TC activity of the MDR and the subtropical Atlantic, with seasonal anomalies in the steering flow playing a much smaller, secondary role. These results help to quantify the extent to which skillful seasonal forecasts of Atlantic hurricane activity benefit regions vulnerable to recurving TCs.

Significance Statement
Recurving tropical cyclones (TCs) can cause extensive damage to the U.S. East Coast, eastern Canada, and Europe. It is, therefore, crucial to understand why some years have a higher frequency of recurving TCs than other years. In this study, we show that the frequency of recurving TCs is very strongly linked to the frequency that hurricanes (TCs with wind speeds > 33 m s−1) form in the main development region, and the frequency that TCs form in the subtropical Atlantic. This result suggests that skillful seasonal prediction of hurricane activity could be used to give enhanced seasonal warning to the regions often impacted by recurving TCs.
An Approach to Approximate Wave Height from Acoustic Tide Gauges
Authors: Kirk Katie , Dusek Gregory , Tissot Philippe , Sweet William 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The demand for nearshore wave observations is increasing due to spatial gaps and the importance of observations for accurate models and better understanding of inundation processes. Here, we show how water level (WL) standard deviation (sigma, σ) measurements at three acoustic NOAA tide gauges that utilize an Aquatrak sensor [Duck, North Carolina, Bob Hall Pier (BHP) in Corpus Christi, Texas, and Lake Worth, Florida] can be used as a proxy for significant wave height (Hm0). Sigma-derived Hm0 is calibrated to best fit nearby wave observations and error is quantified through RMSE, normalized RMSE (NRMSE), bias, and a scatter index. At Duck and Lake Worth, a quadratic fit of sigma to nearby wave observations results in a R2 of 0.97 and 0.83, RMSE of 0.11 and 0.11 m, and NRMSE of 0.09 and 0.22, respectively. A linear fit between BHP sigma and Hm0 is best, resulting in R2 0.62, RMSE of 0.22, and NRMSE of 0.26. Regression fits deviate across NOAA stations and from the classic relationship of Hm0 = 4σ, indicating Hm0 cannot be accurately estimated with this approach at these Aquatrak sites. The dynamic water level (DWL = still WL ± 2σ) is calculated over the historic time series showing climatological and seasonal trends in the stations’ daily maximums. The historical DWL and sigma wave proxy could be calculated for many NOAA tide gauges dating back to 1996. These historical wave observations can be used to fill observational spatial gaps, validate models, and improve understanding of wave climates.

Significance Statement
There is a large spatial gap in nearshore real-time observational wave data that can provide critical information to researchers and resource managers regarding inundation and erosion, help validate coastal hydrodynamic models, and provide the maritime community with products that help ensure navigational safety. This study utilizes existing infrastructure to help fill the demand for nearshore wave observations by deriving a proxy for wave height at three sites. This work shows spatial variability in the regression fits across the sites, which should be explored at more stations in future work. Multidecadal length time series were also used at the sites to investigate climatological and seasonal trends that provide insight into wave climates and wave driven processes important for coastal flooding.
Temporal Bone Resection for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lateral Skull Base: Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: McCracken Matthew , Pai Kavya , Cabrera Claudia I. , Johnson Benjamin R. , Tamaki Akina , Gidley Paul W. , Manzoor Nauman F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTemporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (TBSCC) is rare and often confers a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to synthesize survival and recurrence outcomes data reported in the literature for patients who underwent temporal bone resection (TBR) for curative management of TBSCC. We considered TBSCC listed as originating from multiple subsites, including the external ear, parotid, and external auditory canal (EAC), or nonspecifically from the temporal bone.Data SourcesPubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and manual search of bibliographies.Review MethodA systematic literature review conducted in December 2020 according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines.ResultsSurvival data were collected from 51 retrospective studies, resulting in a pooled cohort of 501 patients with TBSCC. Compared to patients undergoing lateral TBR (LTBR), patients undergoing subtotal (SBTR) or total (TTBR) TBR exhibited significantly higher rates of stage IV disease (P < .001), positive surgical margins (P < .001), facial nerve involvement (P < .001), and recurrent disease (P < .001). A meta‐analysis of 15 studies revealed a statistically significant 97% increase in mortality in patients who underwent STBR or TTBR. On multivariate analysis, recurrent disease was independently associated with worse overall survival (P < .001). On univariate analysis, facial nerve involvement was also associated with decreased overall survival (P < .001).ConclusionRecurrent disease was associated with risk of death in patients undergoing TBR. Larger prospective multi‐institutional studies are needed to ascertain prognostic factors for a wider array of postoperative outcomes, including histology‐specific survival and recurrence outcomes.
Development of a research-based classification of approaches to paediatric palliative medicine service provision within children’s and young adults’ hospices: A mixed methods study
Authors: Frost Jo , Hunt Jane , Hewitt-Taylor Jaqui , Lapwood Susie 
Published: March 2022

Background: Globally, pioneers in children’s palliative care influenced this speciality’s development through individual initiatives leading to diverse models of care. Children’s and young adults’ hospices have now been established around the world. However, service provision varies widely leading to inequities both within countries and internationally. Aim: To describe and classify existing approaches to paediatric palliative medicine in children’s and young adults’ hospices across the UK. Design: A mixed methods study conducted by telephone interview. Setting/participants: Thirty-one leaders of children’s hospice care, representing 28 services, 66% of UK children’s and young adults’ hospice organisations. Results: A geographic-specialist classification was developed through integration of findings, enabling hospices to be classified as Regional specialist, Regional non-specialist, Local specialist and Local non-specialist. Both qualitative and quantitative data demonstrated diversity and inequity in paediatric palliative medicine provision. Of 159 doctors (63.5% of whom were general practitioners) working in participating hospices only 27.5% had specialist training in paediatric palliative medicine. The majority of participating hospices (67.9%) did not have involvement from a paediatric palliative medicine consultant. Conclusions: Internationally, the integration of specialist children’s palliative care teams with existing services is a current challenge. Despite differing approaches to children’s palliative care world-wide, models of care which facilitate integration of specialist children’s palliative care could benefit a range of countries and contexts. The geographic-specialist classification could be used to inform recommendations for a networked approach to paediatric palliative medicine within children’s and young adults’ hospices to promote equity for children with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions.
Comparison of frailty, sarcopenia and protein energy wasting in a contemporary peritoneal dialysis cohort
Authors: Davenport Andrew 
Published: March 2022

Background: More elderly frail patients are now treated by peritoneal dialysis (PD). Frailty, sarcopenia and protein energy wasting (PEW) are all associated with increased mortality. Simple screening tools are required to identify patients to allow for interventions. As such, we wished to review the prevalence of frailty and compare frailty with sarcopenia and PEW in a contemporary PD population. Patients and methods: We used the Clinical Frailty Score (CFS) to determine frailty, bio-impedance body composition and hand grip strength (HGS) to determine sarcopenia and combining laboratory, body composition and protein nitrogen appearance rate (PNA) to assess PEW. Results: Records of 368 PD patients, 61% male, mean age 60.9 ± 16.1 years, body mass index (BMI) 26.2 ± 5.1 kg/m2 were reviewed, with 71 classified as frail (19.3%; CFS > 4), and frailty associated with age (odds ratio (OR) 1.047, 95% confidence interval (CL) 1.01–1.085, p = 0.012), Stoke-Davies co-morbidity (OR 1.808, 95%CL 1.129–2.895, p = 0.014) and negatively with HGS (OR 0.906, 95% CL 0.897–0.992, p = 0.033); 17.7% met muscle loss and HGS criteria for sarcopenia, with fair agreement with frailty (kappa 0.24 (CL 0.09–0.38)). Only two patients (0.5%) met all four criteria for PEW, 26.1% met the reduced BMI criteria, 4.6% the serum albumin, 32.9% the PNA and 39.4% the reduced muscle mass. HGS correlated with lean muscle mass ( r 2 = 0.42, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Using the CFS, 19.3% of patients were classified as frail, compared to 17.7% with sarcopenia and <1% with PEW. The CFS requires no special equipment or laboratory tests and was associated with age, co-morbidity and HGS weakness.
Efficacy of Yangxin Recipe in Combination with Conventional Western Medicine in Treatment of Angina Pectoris of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Liu Jiali , Dong Yaorong , Hu Xiaozhen 
Published: March 2022

Objective To study the efficacy of Yangxin Recipe (YXR) in patients with stable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease and its impacts on coronary CT angiography. Methods A total of 78 patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris were randomly divided into a control group (n = 39) and a YXR group (n = 39). The control group adopted conventional Western medicine while the YXR group received conventional western medicine + oral administration of YXR. After six months of continuous treatment, the clinical efficacy, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the level of coronary CT vascular stenosis were observed. Results After treatment, the total effective rate of YXR was 92.31%, which was higher than ( P < 0.01) that of the western medicine control group. The total score of TCM syndromes in the YXR group was (14.44 ± 9.87), which was significantly lower than ( P < 0.001) that in the simple western medicine control group (22.44 ± 13.87). The degree of coronary stenosis in the YXR group decreased to (49.87 ± 7.82) %, which was significantly lower than ( P < 0.001) that in the western medicine control group (57.05 ± 9.92) %. Conclusion The efficacy of YXR + conventional western medicine in treating coronary heart disease and angina pectoris is significantly improved compared with the simple conventional western medicine.
Factors Associated With Spontaneous Sac Shrinkage in Patients With Persistent Type 2 Endoleaks After EVAR
Authors: Sugimoto Masayuki , Banno Hiroshi , Sato Tomohiro , Ikeda Shuta , Tsuruoka Takuya , Kawai Yohei , Niimi Kiyoaki , Kodama Akio , Komori Kimihiro 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Despite controversy surrounding the management of type 2 endoleaks (T2ELs) after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR), the current European guidelines recommend reintervention for T2ELs when the aneurysm expands by ≥10 mm. Meanwhile, sac shrinkage ≥10 mm can be considered low risk for failure even with T2ELs, and the guidelines suggest less frequent follow-up delayed until 5 years after EVAR. This study reviewed patients with persistent T2ELs to identify predictors of spontaneous sac shrinkage (SpS) within 5 years. Methods: A retrospective review of elective EVAR for infrarenal aortic aneurysms between June 2007 and December 2017. Patients with >1 year follow-up and persistent T2ELs, defined as T2ELs confirmed at both the 6 and 12 month follow-up with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), were included. Any reintervention or type 1 or 3 endoleaks within 12 months were excluded. SpS was defined as a ≥10 mm reduction in diameter without any reintervention. Aneurysm enlargement (AnE) was defined as a ≥5 mm increase in diameter. Factors associated with SpS within 5 years were analyzed. The clinical outcomes were reviewed. Results: Among 726 patients, 162 patients had persistent isolated T2ELs. After excluding 21 patients, 141 patients were enrolled. During a median follow-up of 43 months (interquartile range [IQR], 26–60), 28 SpS and 39 AnE were observed, and 31 reinterventions were performed. The cumulative rates of SpS were 14.2%±2.9% and 25.6%±5.1% at 1 and 5 years. Cox regression analysis revealed that the presence of ≥6 patent lumbar arteries had a significant negative correlation with SpS (p=0.036). During further follow-up after SpS, 2 reinterventions for type 1a and 3b endoleaks were required at 49 and 45 months. Conclusions: Patients with fewer patent lumbar arteries were likely to experience SpS within 5 years, even in the presence of persistent T2ELs. Follow-up imaging studies were advisable earlier than 5 years, even after SpS.
Association between gene polymorphism of inflammatory factors, thrombogenic factors, and stress-related proteins and abdominal aortic aneurysm: A meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Weng Yingzheng , Lu Difan , Tang Lijiang , Bao Yizong , Chen Xiaofeng , Junhai Zhen 
Published: March 2022

Background Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a deadly disease in the elderly population. Currently, the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the presence of AAAs has become a hot topic and is a concern for many researchers. Method We performed a document retrieval in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (to January 2020). A total of 17 case-control reports on SNPs of AAAs and eight SNPs of correlation factors were selected. All essential data, including race, age, country, criteria of AAA diagnosis, method of AAA measurement, method of genotype detection, name of SNPs, minor allele frequency (MAF), Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) of the control group, and number of cases and control groups were extracted by two reviewers independently. The fixed-effect model and random-effect model were used to calculate the overall odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The association between selected SNPs and the presence of AAAs was evaluated under different genetic models (dominant, codominant, recessive, overdominant, and allele models). Results A total of 17 articles (sample size ranging from to 42–665 AAA cases and 49–2,297 controls) and 23 SNPs of related factors were identified. Eight SNPs were assessed in at least two studies and were selected for further meta-analysis. We found that the A allele of interleukin (IL)-10 (−1082 G/A) (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.18–1.54, p < 0.0001) was a risk factor for AAAs under random and fixed-effect models. In addition, partial genetic models of these SNPs were confirmed to be related to the presence of AAA. Subgroup analysis revealed that haptoglobin (HP)-1 was a risk factor for AAAs (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.04–1.63, p = 0.02) in the European population. No association was found between the occurrence of AAA and the other SNPs. Conclusion In our current meta-analysis, we speculated that the genotype distribution of IL-10 (−1082 G/A) may be associated with the emergence of AAA.
Development and Validation of the Diabetes Pen Experience Measure: A New Patient-Reported Outcome Measure
Authors: Brod Meryl , Waldman Laura Tesler , Sparre Thomas , Busk Anne Kirstine 
Published: March 2022

Background: Satisfaction with insulin-delivery devices has been shown to improve treatment adherence, translating into better glycemic control. The Diabetes Pen Experience Measure (DPEM) is a new patient-reported outcome measure to evaluate patients’ experience when using an injection device. Methods: The DPEM was developed using literature review and concept elicitation interviews with clinical experts and patients. This led to a theoretical model and a draft measure of the diabetes pen experience, which was refined following cognitive debriefing. Validation entailed a web-based, noninterventional survey; psychometric analyses conducted according to a statistical analysis plan; and refinement and finalization of the DPEM and theoretical model. Results: In total, 42 patients participated in concept elicitation interviews. Analysis of the qualitative interviews resulted in a preliminary theoretical model. Based on this model, DPEM items were generated; the preliminary version of the DPEM contained 30 items. Following cognitive debriefing, the validation-ready version comprised 28 items. These were later reduced to 7 higher-order items owing to ceiling/floor effects. In total, 300 patients participated in the web-based validation study. The item statistics were all adequate. Item-to-item correlations were good. Item-to-total correlations displayed acceptable associations between each item against the rest of the items, with correlations of 0.68 to 0.79. The internal consistency was adequate, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.91. The DPEM is scored by summing the 7 item scores and transforming the sum onto a 100-point scale. Conclusion: The evidence presented supports the use of the DPEM in clinical trials to evaluate the patients’ experience with diabetes injection devices.