bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaccination for Viral Diseases
Authors: Goyal Anish , Paunikar Vaishali 
Published: March 2022

The past year has seen unprecedented happenings, bringing life to a halt. The unable things happened. The humans were stopped right in their tracks, and everyone felt powerless. The COVID 19 pandemic not only has resulted in financial losses worldwide, but it had also led to the death of about 51 lakh people worlds Though it had happened in the past when viral infections caused widespread death, in the modern era, no one even imagined that a virus could bring humanity to a halt.
Viruses cause many diseases, some of which can cause death, while others can cause severe debility. The majority of diseases caused by viruses attack infants and young children, but it affects people of all ages. One of the most effective methods for preventing death and disability from several viral illnesses is vaccination.
Conclusion: There are a variety of vaccines that are both effective and safe, which help prevent diseases caused by viruses that can cause deaths, hospital admissions, and further consequences.
Edward Jenner was the first person in modern-day history to have used cowpox material to induce immunity to smallpox way back in 1796. However, some evidence does exist that the Chinese employed smallpox vaccination as early as 1000 CE. It was also practiced later in Turkey and Africa.
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Narrative Review Article on Serum Markers in Pcos
Authors: Sharma Shatakshi Arun , Tayade Surekha 
Published: March 2022

PCOD is a heterogeneous illness characterized by clinically or biochemically excess androgen, dysfunction in ovulation, and polycystic ovaries that is caused by a complicated hereditary disease.
Poly-cystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), affecting 10 to 20% of premenopausal females, is a common heterogeneous disorder depending on diagnostic criteria of high serum levels of androgen concentrations, and infertility, irregular menstruation, provided that precise diagnosis such as hyperprolactinemia and inbred adrenal hyperplasia have been debarred. In recent years, the international agreement has favored the adoption of the Rotterdam criteria for mature women's diagnosis. During pubertal development, non-uniform menses, chronic anovulatory cycles, multi-follicular ovary shape, and moderately increased blood androgen concentrations are common.
It's difficult to establish a diagnosis in adolescent females since there's a lot of overlap between typical pubertal milestones and PCOS clinical characteristics. Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and obesity are all typical symptoms of PCOS, however, they aren't diagnostic.
Impaired glucose tolerance, which leads to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, increased blood pressure, endometrial cancer, hyperinsulinemia, obesity, alcoholic independent fatty liver, and sleep apnea are among the comorbidities linked with PCOS. Depression and poor conditions of life are also prevalent problems. Preliminary detection of PCOS in teenage females is critical.
The goal of this article is to offer a summary of serum indicators and evidence for several serum markers used to diagnose PCOS.
The Impact of Medical Negligence on Patient Safety in Healthcare Organization
Authors: Khan Waseem , Waghmode Avinash 
Published: March 2022

Medical negligence (carelessness, nonperformance, laxness) is at peak to concern about public health among public health care providers as it affects public health and safety and also not only health wealth. It indicates the main or fixes of patient injury or health. Or any disability which Is permanent to the subject or patient. patient safety is dependent on doctors’ skill and experience that how he \she is gone treat the subject. All negligence by which patients suffer a major trauma \injuries \disability is major negligence which is bad for doctors’ reputation \and also harms its degree may be the chances of getting suspension and also stay at its practice. this research analyzed negligence and lack of awareness of doctors toward patients’ treatment. Patient safety is vital among and during its treatment and nourishing. various site is used to analyze the vital data to preserve the review among all article it’s like collecting all the data from various Biblio form which implement the same issues of negligence.
The annual percentage or counting (quantity) of cases is increasing of negligence in the medical field due to wrong (incorrect, unrelated medicine), maximum charging (billing) of various process unnecessary. All the doctors (interns) and all medical officers are responsible for patient death which happen um needed in hospitals. in tertiary care hospitals, the number of negligence cases is increasing due to rush of emergencies causalities trauma patients is gradually increasing, thus various investigation is needed against negligence or carelessness cases which harms the patients or subjects reason for the disability of subject or victims. Thus this is the review article for medical negligence in health care organizations and its impact on public safety and health.
Effectiveness of Immunotherapy on COVID-19
Authors: Agrawal Vidhi , Srivastava Tripti 
Published: March 2022

COVID-19 is an infection triggered by a recently discovered coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 patients experience respiratory illnesses, including difficulty breathing, pneumonia, cough, etc. People also suffer from body aches and extreme weakness. Sp02 level becomes significantly less, leading to worsening of the disease. Many people have lost their lives due to corona becoming a pandemic. After many investigations, a vaccine against this virus has been discovered, which reduces the infection. Still, vaccinated people also have chances of getting an infection, but the severity of symptoms gets reduced to much extent. It was found that novel vaccine technology used in the COVID-19 vaccine can prevent up to 95% of infections. Immunotherapy plays a significant role in fighting against infection. According to studies, hematology patients are more prone to suffer from an infection. The macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells help in reducing the infection. There are mainly two types of vaccine discovered against coronavirus disease –

Covaxin
Covishield

Covaxin is 78% - 100% effective whereas Covishield is 70% - 90% effective.
Clinical studies are used to assess vaccine effectiveness. After receiving the corona disease vaccine, several adverse side effects may arise. Vaccines rescue the breaths of millions of diseased beings with viruses and bacteria. We celebrate the advances made and the highpoint challenges ahead in vaccinations and the science underlying them as the world waits for safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines. We outlined the current prospective therapeutic methods for disorders caused by COVID-19 infection, as well as their mechanisms of action, safety, and efficacy, in this study.
Study of Vital Capacity Relation to BMI in 1st-Year Medical Students
Authors: Sriwastwa Anubhuti , Bagade Angesh 
Published: March 2022

Being overweight and other problems due to increasing weight increased BMI are looked forward as an “epidemic shoot up,” having a massive effect on every country in the world nevertheless it being developed or developing. Obesity is related to a vast range of devitalizing, enervating, and destructive issues, which include circulatory, vascular, cardiorespiratory, metabolic, and different non-transferable diseases. Apart from the contribution of these elements, the increment in BMI, the irregularity in eating regimen, lack of exercise, and addiction as a result of traumatic situations in which stress mental health appears to play a crucial role, therefore it’s being taken into consideration as an unbiased component for increment in BMI by everyone. During the training period, medical school students are prone to various stress. Therefore, to discover the prevalence of obesity and increased BMI problems amongst the undergraduate students of the medical school, this observation is being carried out.
Purpose: To determine the prevalence of obese and increased BMI problems amongst medical students and its relation with vital capacity. Additionally, to discover the connection of the subsequent threat factors with increased BMI: (a) lacking exercise, (b) sleep pattern, (c) dietary regime, (d) mental health (trauma, stress), and (e) unison of varied variety of diseases (thyroid issues, menstrual problems).
Procedure: A detailed cross-sectional study was carried out in the Physiology Department among hundreds of students. After taking the consent of the hundred students, these facts have been gathered by using pretested questionnaires. These students’ height and weight were precisely taken, and their BMI was calculated carefully.
Results: Of these100 medical school students, the mean ± standard deviation, height was 1.67 ± 0.09 meters (m), and the mean weight was 66.61 ± 12.71 kilograms (kg), and the mean BMI was 23.54 ± 3.09 kg/m2. A normal BMI was observed in 73.1%of the MBBS students, whereas 22.3% were overweight, 3.1% were obese, and only 1.5% were underweight. Corpulent and increased BMI was observed drastically greater in boys than girls.
Inference: The recent studies offer a concept about the excessive occurrence of adiposity and obesity among medical school students. Consciousness and intrigue are to be necessarily created concerning a healthy diet regime and a weight controlling framework amongst the doctor population in the future. Dietary nutrition training on food and ingestion practices and existence alternations to the way of living ought to be constructed in and as for academic interest throughout entire schooling years.
The Impact of Physical Activity on the Psychological Welfare during the COVID-19 Pandemic- A Review Article
Authors: Tandel Amit , Dhande Nikhil 
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 epidemic and its accompanying public health limitations are having a growing negative influence on mental health, and steps must be done to reverse this trend. Although there is a well-established link between physical activity and mental health, space and facilities for physical activity are restricted during the COVID-19 epidemic because of different constraints. Based on the most recent study findings released in 2019–2021, this article investigates the association between physical activity and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. First, physical activities during COVID-19, particularly supervised activities, are beneficial to happiness and mental health. Second, during the COVID-19 epidemic, physical activity decreases people's anxiety, melancholy, and despair. Third, the intensity and frequency of physical activity are linked to mental health maintenance and improvement. Physical activity that is both intense and frequent is beneficial to mental health. Finally, this study suggests crucial research directions for the future. The corona crisis has handicapped all of us in more than one way and we had to force ourselves to live within the rigid norms the government had pushed upon us. The tight lockdown, the strict curfews, the curbing of any sort of dopamine-releasing factor. All of this made us feel like we were inmates in an institution, and the feeling of helplessness crept in despite the elaborate measures the government took to make us feel that this was for the ‘greater good of our communities. The lockdown made us all couch potatoes endlessly switching channels on our television, scrolling on our exuberant number of social media applications or reading the same news over and over again, keeping track of the extent of the spread of the deadly virus hoping to find something worth spending our already wasted time on. In time this has opened a portal to which we never batted an eye and made us realize how precious our freedom is to us. This article is a small glimpse of how precious our bodily movements are to us, however minuscule or ordinary they might be.
The Effects of Sociodemographic Factors on the use of Supplementary Vitamins and the Follow Hygiene Rules in the COVID-19 Pandemic in TRNC
Authors: Çağdaş Şevval , Acar Hasan Zafer 
Published: March 2022

Background: In order to reduce the spread of the disease and death rates in the Covid-19 Pandemic, it is important to use supplementary vitamins that increase body resistance, such as vitamin D and vitamin C, and to following some hygiene rules. In the Covid-19 pandemic, some sociodemographic factors of the people in the community may affect the rate of use of such supplementary vitamins and the rate of follow some hygiene rules.
Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of sociodemographic characteristics of people living in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) on the rates of supplementary drug use and follow the some hygiene rules during the Covid-19 Pandemic.
Materials and Methods: In our study, an online survey was conducted on 308 people voluntarily selected from TRNC citizens the results were compared and evaluated with the SPSS program.
Results: A statistically significant difference was found between some sociodemographic characteristics and the use of supplementary drugs and the following some hygiene rules during the pandemic period in the TRNC.
Conclusions: Responsible public institutions should carry out awareness-raising activities, especially for people who do not have social security, and health materials and supplementary drugs should be provided free of charge.
Associations between chronic work stress and plasma chromogranin A/catestatin among healthy workers
Authors: Liu Xin , Dang Weimin , Liu Hui , Song Yao , Li Ying , Xu Weixian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Plasma chromogranin A (CgA) may play a critical role on linking work stress to health outcomes. The aim of our study was to investigate the associations between work stress and plasma CgA levels in healthy workers without chronic diseases.

Methods
The study included 260 healthy workers from EHOP study. Work stressors were assessed by the Chinese version of the 23-item ERI-Q questionnaire. Plasma CgA and catestatin levels were measured by ELISA kits. The demographic characteristics were collected from medical records.

Results
Among the final 260 subjects including 173 males (66.5%) and 87 females (33.5%), the average age was 37.6 ± 10.6 years old. Effort, overcommitment, and ERI were positively associated with plasma CgA level, respectively (r = 0.267, 0.319, and 0.304, all p &lt; .001), while reward was negatively associated with CgA level (r = −0.237, p &lt; .001). The workers with high effort, overcommitment, or ERI had significantly higher plasma CgA levels, while the workers with high rewards had significantly lower plasma CgA levels. The workers with both high overcommitment and high ERI had highest plasma CgA levels. In the linear regression analysis, after adjustment for confounders, effort, overcommitment, and ERI were respectively positively related to plasma CgA, while reward negatively related to plasma CgA. The associations between work stress and plasma catestatin was not significant. The ratio of CgA and catestatin was associated with work stress.

Conclusions
Work stress is associated with plasma CgA which may be play a crucial role on the pathway from chronic work stress to cardiovascular diseases.
Inhalable MOF‐Derived Nanoparticles for Sonodynamic Therapy of Bacterial Pneumonia
Authors: Pan Xueting , Wu Nier , Tian Shengyuan , Guo Juan , Wang Chaohui , Sun Yun , Huang Zezhong , Chen Fangzhou , Wu Qingyuan , Jing Ying , Yin Zhe , Zhao Baohua , Xiong Xiaolu , Liu Huiyu , Zhou Dongsheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractClinical therapy of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria‐induced deep‐tissue infections such as pneumonia is highly challenging. Ultrasound (US)‐induced sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a promising strategy for treatment of deep‐tissue diseases given the strong tissue penetration of US. Here, ZIF‐8‐derived carbon@TiO2 nanoparticles (ZTNs) are developed as inhalable sonosensitizers for bacterial pneumonia. ZTNs upon US irradiation exhibit an excellent efficacy to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thereby to kill Gram‐negative MDR bacteria in vitro. Taking advantage of aerosolized intratracheal inoculation, ZTNs can be precisely delivered to lung infection sites, and display an effective SDT‐based elimination of Gram‐negative MDR bacteria in the lung infection models of immunocompetent or immunodeficient mice. Particularly, ZTNs upon US irradiation give a 100% survival rate in the severely immunodeficient NOD/SCID mice with a lethal bacterial pneumonia. In addition, ZTNs have no obvious toxicity at both cellular and animal levels. Metal–organic‐framework‐derived nanoparticles as safe and efficient inhalable sonosensitizer have a great potential to be used for the clinical antibiotics‐alternative treatment of MDR bacterial pneumonia. This study presents a new paradigm for SDT‐based treatment of deep‐tissue bacterial infections, and will expand the nanomedicine application of inorganic sonosensitizers.
A Siloxene/Ecoflex Nanocomposite‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Enhanced Charge Retention by MoS2/LIG for Self‐Powered Touchless Sensor Applications
Authors: Shrestha Kumar , Sharma Sudeep , Pradhan Gagan Bahadur , Bhatta Trilochan , Maharjan Pukar , Rana SM Sohel , Lee Sanghyun , Seonu Sookyeong , Shin Youngdo , Park Jae Y. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe contactless triboelectric nanogenerator with the capability of touchless interactions has become extremely fascinating for applications in health care, remote security, and augmented reality. Herein, a Siloxene/Ecoflex nanocomposite‐based high‐performance contactless triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is newly proposed that induces abundant surface charges owing to the strong electron affinity property of the Siloxene/Ecoflex. Furthermore, charge retention is one of the significant challenges in contactless TENG. For this, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) incorporated laser‐induced graphene (LIG) is introduced as a charge trapping interlayer, which increases the surface potential by four‐fold, enhances the output performance of the TENG, and exhibits excellent charge trapping property which is supported by the surface potential measurements. In addition, the fabricated TENG exhibits excellent humidity sensing characteristics with a sensitivity of 0.45 V/% whereas the wear and tear of the device is prevented owing to the non‐contact mechanism of TENG. Finally, the TENG is demonstrated as a self‐powered sensor for touchless hand sanitizer applications as well as a wireless controller that transmits triggering signals for controlling the movement of the object in a gaming interface. Considering the ongoing coronavirus pandemic, the proposed contactless TENG is highly promising for touchless interactions and for reducing possible contact situations.
Discovery of a Slater–Pauling Semiconductor ZrRu1.5Sb with Promising Thermoelectric Properties
Authors: Wang Luyao , Dong Zirui , Tan Shihua , Zhang Jiye , Zhang Wenqing , Luo Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCubic half‐ and full‐Heusler compounds with respectively 18 and 24 valence electrons exhibit semiconducting behaviors according to the Slater–Pauling rule. In this work, a half‐Heusler‐like ZrRu1.5Sb semiconductor with the space group F3m is discovered based on the Slater–Pauling rule. The ZrRu1.5Sb compound has 21 valence electrons per chemical formula and each atom has six valence electrons on average, showing a p‐type conduction with a dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit zT ≈0.2 at 973 K. By adjusting the Ru content, both p‐type (x ≤ 0.5) and n‐type (x > 0.5) semiconductors are realized in the ZrRu1+xSb solid solution. Following this way, other half‐Heusler‐like semiconductors, such as ZrRu1.30Ni0.10Sb, ZrRu1.40Ni0.05Sb, and ZrRu1.30Ni0.05Sb, are also successfully designed and synthesized, demonstrating the effectiveness and practicality of our strategy to explore Slater–Pauling semiconductors. Furthermore, these half‐Heusler‐like semiconductors show promising potential as thermoelectric materials. The p‐type ZrRu1.4Sb and n‐type ZrRu1.7Sb samples have zT values of 0.38 at 973 K and 0.25 at 773 K, respectively, offering superior base materials for further optimizing their thermoelectric properties. The discovery of ZrRu1.5Sb‐based thermoelectric semiconductors demonstrates the great potential to design Slater–Pauling phases with exotic physical properties.
Long Persistent Luminescence of Melt‐Grown Bulk‐Sized Doped Organic Crystals
Authors: Cui Shuangyue , Zhu Tianwen , Zhang Leilei , Ye Xin , Han Quanxiang , Ge Chao , Guo Qing , Zheng Xiaoxin , Lin Qinglian , Li Cuicui , Jiang Jinke , Yuan Wangzhang , Liu Yang , Tao Xutang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHost–guest systems constitute a primary subclass of long persistent luminescent (LPL) materials. Doped organic crystals serve as model platforms to clarify the intricate effect of chromophores embedded in an ordered lattice background. However, construction of doped organic crystals through traditional solution method is restricted by drawbacks such as inhomogeneity and imprecise quantification. In this report, a series of doped organic crystals is grown by a melt growth technique with centimeter‐scale size and precisely controlled concentration and homogeneity. Although the host crystals are neutral with neither heavy atoms nor any functional groups, they show enhanced long persistent luminescence with lifetimes of nearly three orders longer than those of the pure guest molecules. Moreover, the LPL wavelength, lifetime, and quantum yield can be tuned by different host–guest combination and doping concentration. Theoretical optimizations reveal that the guest molecules are substitutively rather than interstitially embedded in the host crystal lattice. The results prove melt growth to be an effective way to build and to finely control host–guest long persistent luminescent systems.
Unclonable Anti‐Counterfeiting Labels Based on Microlens Arrays and Luminescent Microparticles
Authors: Kumar Vinay , Dottermusch Stephan , Katumo Ngei , Chauhan Aditya , Richards Bryce S. , Howard Ian A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMicron‐scale randomness during manufacturing can create unique and unclonable anti‐counterfeiting labels. The security of such labels typically comes at the expense of complex hardware being required for authentication. This work demonstrates unclonable labels that can be authenticated using simple hardware such as a standard light‐emitting diode and smartphone camera. These labels consist of a microlens array laminated to a luminescent‐microparticle‐doped polymer film, and thereby present a new method of making microscopic particle distributions visible on the macroscopic scale. The current novel design offers two significant practical advantages: 1) use of an incoherent source; and 2) authentication independent of the detector position. A comparison of 100 test images against 100 different reference images (total of 10,000 comparisons out of which 100 should authenticate and 9900 should not), demonstrates that authentication is robust with an estimated probability of a false positive on the order of 10−15. Finally, a proof‐of‐concept is demonstrated through successful authentication of a label by a single smartphone, simultaneously providing both excitation and detection on the front side of the label.