bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactions to research on sex differences: Effect of sex favoured, researcher sex, and importance of sex‐difference domain
Authors: Stewart‐Williams Steve , Wong Xiu Ling , Chang Chern Yi Marybeth , Thomas Andrew G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTwo studies (total N = 778) looked at (1) how people react to research finding a sex difference depending on whether the research puts men or women in a better light and (2) how well people can predict the average man and average woman's reactions. Participants read a fictional popular‐science article about fictional research finding either a male‐ or a female‐favouring sex difference. The research was credited to either a male or a female lead researcher. In both studies, both sexes reacted less positively to differences favouring males; in contrast to our earlier research, however, the effect was larger among female participants. Contrary to a widespread expectation, participants did not react less positively to research led by a female. Participants did react less positively, though, to research led by a male when the research reported a male‐favouring difference in a highly valued trait. Participants judged male‐favouring research to be lower in quality than female‐favouring research, apparently in large part because they saw the former as more harmful. In both studies, participants predicted that the average man and woman would exhibit substantial own‐sex favouritism, with both sexes predicting more own‐sex favouritism from the other sex than the other sex predicted from itself. In making these predictions, participants overestimated women's own‐sex favouritism, and got the direction of the effect wrong for men. A greater understanding of the tendency to overestimate gender‐ingroup bias could help quell antagonisms between the sexes.
N4BP3 promotes angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma by binding with KAT2B
Authors: Han Hexu , Zhu Wei , Lin Ting , Liu Cuixia , Zhai Hengyong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough angiogenesis is a critical event in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and this process provides the tumor with sufficient oxygen and nutrients, the precise molecular mechanism by which it occurs is not fully understood. NEDD4 binding protein 3 (N4BP3) was identified in this study as a novel pro‐angiogenic factor in HCC cell lines and tissues. We discovered that N4BP3 was significantly expressed in HCC and that its level of expression was positively correlated with the density of tumor microvessels in HCC tissues. Cell biology experiments have shown that N4BP3 knockdown in HCC cells significantly inhibits the formation of complete tubular structures by HUVECs in vitro and HCC angiogenesis in vivo. In HCC cells, overexpression of N4BP3 has the opposite effects. Further cell and molecular biology experiments have revealed that N4BP3 interacts with KAT2B (lysine acetyltransferase 2B), increasing signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) expression by regulating the distribution of acetyl‐histone H3 (Lys27) (H3K27ac) in its promoter region. This, in addition, regulates the activity of the STAT3 signaling pathway, which promotes the proliferation of microvessels in HCC and accelerates the malignant process of the tumor. In vivo experiments in nude mice have confirmed our findings, and also suggested that N4BP3 could be a potential target for the treatment of HCC in combination with sorafenib.
Comparison of metabolic profiles in aqueous humour of Fuchs' syndrome and presumed viral‐induced anterior uveitis patients
Authors: Ding Jiadong , Su Guannan , Wang Huafei , Tian Xin , Xu Jing , Li Na , Luo Xiang , Yang Peizeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate and compare the metabolic profiles in the aqueous humour of Han Chinese patients with Fuchs' syndrome and presumed viral‐induced anterior uveitis (PVIAU).MethodsThe metabolites in the aqueous humour of 20 Fuchs' syndrome patients, 20 PVIAU patients and 20 senile cataract control patients were detected by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Differential metabolites were analysed by Student's t test, multivariate analysis, cluster analysis and correlation analysis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis was applied to explore the potential disrupted metabolic pathways in Fuchs' syndrome and PVIAU.ResultsComparisons of metabolic profiles identified 29 differential metabolites between Fuchs' syndrome patients and controls, 36 differential metabolites between PVIAU patients and controls, and 30 differential metabolites between Fuchs' syndrome patients and PVIAU patients. DL‐serine was markedly elevated in Fuchs' syndrome, and 1‐palmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine in PVIAU. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that the differential metabolites in Fuchs' syndrome compared with control were mostly enriched in central carbon metabolism in cancer, adenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters and mineral absorption, while those in PVIAU compared with control were mostly enriched in protein digestion and absorption, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and ABC transporters. The metabolic pathways differentially affected in Fuchs' syndrome compared to PVIAU included central carbon metabolism in cancer, protein digestion and absorption and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism.ConclusionsIn Fuchs' syndrome and PVIAU patients, the aqueous humour exhibited specific metabolic profiles and enriched metabolic pathways, which provides a better understanding of the pathogenesis of Fuchs' syndrome and PVIAU in Han Chinese patients.
Separating the aperiodic and periodic components of neural activity in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Wang Zhuyong , Mo Yixiang , Sun Yujia , Hu Kai , Peng Chunkai , Zhang Shizhong , Xue Sha 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMost studies on electrophysiology have not separated aperiodic activity from the spectra but have rather evaluated a combined periodic oscillatory component and the aperiodic component. As the understanding of aperiodic activity gradually deepens, its potential physiological significance has acquired increased appreciation.Herein, we investigated the two components in scalp electroencephalogram in 16 healthy controls and 15 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD); the results revealed that aperiodic parameters were approximately symmetrically distributed in topography in patients with PD and were significantly modulated by dopaminergic medication in channels C4, C3, CP5 and FC5. In sum, our findings might provide indicators for evaluating treatment response in PD and highlight the importance of re‐evaluating the neuronal power spectra parameterization.
The mesotendineum of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT)
Authors: Orth Saskia , Staszyk Carsten , Rijkenhuizen Astrid B. M. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryBackgroundIt is a common assumption that the mesotendineum of the SDFT creates an extrasynovial space within the tendon sheath. Thus, an incision of the palmar/plantar annular ligament (PAL) in this area should not result in the opening of the digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS).ObjectiveTo identify differences in the conformation of the mesotendineum of the SDFT, which do not allow for an extrasynovial midline desmotomy of the PAL in every horse.Study designA prospective study on horse cadaver limbs.MethodsA total of 60 cadaver limbs from 15 horses were taken and divided into two groups. A midline or a lateral desmotomy of the PAL was performed. An opening of the DFTS in the course of midline desmotomy was investigated, the attachment of the mesotendineum at the SDFT and the PAL was measured. A correlation between the conformation of the mesotendineum and the opening of the DFTS was investigated.ResultsFour different types of the mesotendineum could be detected. Type 1 and 2 both include a continuous mesotendineum, but differ in their width. Type 3 and 4 show a discontinuous attachment of the mesotendineum. In type 3, there is no attachment in its distal part, and in type 4, the interruption of the attachment is seen in its central part. Using the conventional desmotomy in the midline, the DFTS was entered in 50% of the limbs because of a thin, interrupted or a missing attachment at the distal part of the mesotendineum.Main limitationsThe relatively low number of cases and the heterogeneous distribution of breeds did not allow for substantial statistical analysis.ConclusionThis study shows that an extrasynovial midline dissection of the PAL is not always guaranteed due to different anatomical conformations of mesotendineum.
Acquired large colon strangulating inguinal herniation in two Arabian foals
Authors: Haion Orr , Tatz Amos J. , Dahan Roee , Kelmer Gal 
Published: July 2022

SummaryLarge colon inguinal hernias are rare, and successful outcome reports are lacking. The present case report describes the clinical presentation, surgical treatment and outcome of two Arabian foals, presented to the hospital at several weeks of age, with colic signs due to inguinal herniation of the large colon. Case 1 describes a right indirect inguinal hernia and Case 2 describes a left direct inguinal hernia, both involving the pelvic flexure. In both cases, the colts underwent surgical treatment while preserving the ipsilateral testis, recovered well and had good long‐term outcomes.
Uncoupled fracture model of Q690 high‐strength steel based on stress triaxiality and Lode angle parameter
Authors: You Qiang , Wang Jian‐Tao , Wu Xiao‐Hong , Sun Qing , Zhao Bing‐Zhen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn order to accelerate the popularization of high‐strength (HS) steel, the fracture property of Chinese Q690 HS steel was investigated through experiments, numerical simulation, and model establishment in this paper. A three‐dimensional fracture dataset of Q690 steel based on “stress triaxiality‐Lode angle parameter‐fracture strain” was obtained by a hybrid method of experiment and simulation, illustrating that the ductility of Q690 steel under plane strain is lower than that under axisymmetric tension. Eight existing uncoupled fracture models were calibrated, and the Xue‐W model shows reasonable applicability on Q690 steel. To improve the accuracy of fracture prediction, a stress triaxiality and Lode angle parameter dependent uncoupled ductile fracture model was newly proposed, and a simplified version that can be conveniently calibrated without specially designed specimen was provided for engineering application. The proposed model and the simplified version were verified, respectively, and both can achieve satisfactory prediction on the fracture behavior of Q690 HS steel.
Binding of dual‐flavour compounds by soy protein isolate in aqueous model systems
Authors: Guo Jun , Zeng Maomao , Chen Jie 
Published: July 2022

SummaryBy the technique of headspace solid‐phase microextraction/gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME‐GC/MS) and static headspace/gas chromatography (HS/GC), the interaction of dual‐flavours and soy protein isolates (SPI) was determinated at low flavour concentration (0.04–0.16 mm) and high flavour concentration (0.4–1.6 mm). The results show that the mixture of ethyl caprylate and undecanal that has elongated structure possesses the same binding sites on SPI and shows competitive binding; the mixture of carvone that has compact structure, at low flavour concentration, possesses different and independent binding sites on SPI, and there maybe existed noncompetitive binding. If high concentration multi‐flavour binding with SPI induces the conformational change and increased more binding sites for another single flavour, there may be existed anticompetitive binding. ‘Salt out’ effects of interaction model were observed for terpene flavours.
Moving away from trading on the margins: Economic empowerment of informal businesses through FinTech
Authors: Senyo P. K. , Gozman Daniel , Karanasios Stan , Dacre Nicholas , Baba Melissa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhile there have been increasing studies on the impact of financial technology (FinTech), limited research has explored how FinTech supports economic empowerment for informal businesses. Drawing on institutional logics and a case study of mobile money—a FinTech innovation—this study develops a model of mobile money‐driven economic empowerment. We argue that this model is important to explain how those at the bottom of the economic pyramid, who are often neglected, use FinTech innovations to create and run informal businesses. Our findings and model explain the dynamics between logics, actors, and mobile money at three levels: regulatory, payments infrastructure, and informal economy. We identify three corresponding effects as outcomes of economic empowerment for informal businesses: greater access to start‐up capital, new employment opportunities, and improved financial management. By illustrating these effects, our study contributes to a better understanding of how FinTech innovations offer a possible pathway to economic empowerment for informal businesses.
Sensory plasticity in a socially plastic bee
Authors: Boulton Rebecca A. , Field Jeremy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe social Hymenoptera have contributed much to our understanding of the evolution of sensory systems. Attention has focussed chiefly on how sociality and sensory systems have evolved together. In the Hymenoptera, the antennal sensilla are important for optimizing the perception of olfactory social information. Social species have denser antennal sensilla than solitary species, which is thought to enhance social cohesion through nestmate recognition. In the current study, we test whether sensilla numbers vary between populations of the socially plastic sweat beeHalictus rubicundusfrom regions that vary in climate and the degree to which sociality is expressed. We found population differences in both olfactory and hygro/thermoreceptive sensilla numbers. We also found evidence that olfactory sensilla density is developmentally plastic: when we transplanted bees from Scotland to the south‐east of England, their offspring (which developed in the south) had more olfactory hairs than the transplanted individuals themselves (which developed in Scotland). The transplanted bees displayed a mix of social (a queen plus workers) and solitary nesting, but neither individual nor nest phenotype was related to sensilla density. We suggest that this general, rather than caste‐specific sensory plasticity provides a flexible means to optimize sensory perception according to the most pressing demands of the environment. Sensory plasticity may support social plasticity inH. rubicundusbut does not appear to be causally related to it.
Efficacy of various concentrations of synthetic hormones on the induced breeding of Channa marulius (Sole)
Authors: Nazir Sadia , Khan Noor , Azmat Hamda , Naveed Saima , Ramzan Malik Muhammad , Davies Simon J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA study was conducted to determine the artificial breeding response, embryonic and larval development of giant snakehead, Channa marulius, with the application of various dosages of stimulatory hormones: Suprefact® (LHRH) agonist and Ovaprim® (GnRH + dopamine inhibitor). First and second hormonal dosages of Suprefact® (diluted) and Ovaprim® (0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 ml for male and 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0 ml for females per kilogram body weight) were used. There were three treatments T1, T2, and T3 and each treatment had three replicates. Male fish were treated with T1 (0.3), T2 (0.4), T3 (0.5) ml kg−1 of body weight while female fish with T1 (0.8), T2 (0.9), T3 (1.0) ml kg−1 of body weight. The results showed that fish stimulated with T3 (1.0) obtained better fecundity rate (2951.7) followed by T2 (0.4) (2678.3), while the lowest fecundity (466.7) was recorded in T1. The numerically higher values of gonado‐somatic index (males and females) and fertilization rate appeared in T2. The highest survival rate (97.1%) was found in T3 followed by T2 (97.0%), while the lowest (32.2%) in T1. In conclusion, the application of Suprefact® and Ovaprim® at 0.4 and 0.5 ml kg−1 body weight for male and 0.9 and 1.0 ml kg−1 for female fish successfully stimulated snakehead fish induced breeding.
Postnatal remodeling of the laryngeal airway removes body size dependency of spectral features for ultrasonic whistling in laboratory mice
Authors: Darwaiz T. , Pasch B. , Riede T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn many mammals, spectral properties of acoustic signals scale with body size within and among species. In rodents, however, despite drastic changes in body size, fundamental frequency (F0) range of ultrasonic whistles produced for social communication remain relatively uniform from birth to adulthood. Such divergent patterns may be due to a novel sound production mechanism unique to rodents involving an intralaryngeal midline pocket termed the ventral pouch. In this study, we analyzed the postnatal shape and size of the laryngeal airway in CD1 mice over ontogeny to better understand the association between ventral pouch geometry and F0 of ultrasonic whistles. Ventral pouch volume (0.06 ± 0.01 mm3) did not differ between pups and 1‐year‐old adults despite extensive shape‐inducing remodeling of the intralaryngeal musculature and connective tissue. In contrast, ventral pouch volume was 50% less in 2‐year‐old compared to 1‐year‐old mice. Thus, allometry of the laryngeal airway appears to explain spectral overlap between ultrasonic whistles of young, small mice and older, larger mice. The causal association between the reduction in vocal behavior and a seemingly shrinking ventral pouch in geriatric mice remains unclear. Together, these data inform our understanding of the postnatal development and remodeling of the intralaryngeal airway inMus musculus.
Compositional and spectroscopic investigation of three ungrouped carbonaceous chondrites
Authors: Yesiltas Mehmet , Kebukawa Yoko , Glotch Timothy D. , Zolensky Michael , Fries Marc , Aysal Namik , Tukel Fatma S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUngrouped carbonaceous chondrites are not easily classified into one of the well‐established groups due to compositional/petrological differences and geochemical anomalies. Type 2 ungrouped carbonaceous chondrites represent a very small fraction of all carbonaceous chondrites. They can potentially represent different aspects of asteroids and their regolith material. By conducting a multitechnique investigation, we show that Queen Alexandra Range (QUE) 99038 and Elephant Moraine (EET) 83226 do not resemble type 2 carbonaceous chondrites. QUE 99038 exhibits coarse‐grained matrix, Fe‐rich rims on olivines, and an apparent lack of tochilinite, suggesting that QUE 99038 has been metamorphosed. Its polyaromatic organic matter structures closely resemble oxidized CV3 chondrites. EET 83226 exhibits a clastic texture with high porosity and shows similarities to CO3 chondrites. It consists of numerous large chondrules with fine‐grained rims that are often fragmented and discontinuous and set within matrix, suggesting a formation mechanism for the rims in a regolith environment. The kind of processes that can result in such chemical compositions as in QUE 99038 and EET 83226 is currently not fully known and clearly presents a conundrum. Tarda is a highly friable carbonaceous chondrite with close resemblance to Tagish Lake (ungrouped C2 chondrite). It comprises different types of chondrules (some with Fe‐rich rims), framboid magnetite, sulfides, carbonates, and phyllosilicate‐ and carbon‐rich matrix, and is consistent with being an ungrouped C2 chondrite.
Liability of shipowners and classification societies for environmental damage and unsafe working conditions at recycling yards
Authors: Glinski Carola 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article deals with two liability issues that are highly relevant for value chain responsibility in the maritime sector, in particular for safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships: liability of shipowners and ship managers for unsafe downstream value chains for end‐of‐life ships and liability of classification societies in their role under the Ship Recycling Regulation. After an introduction to the current regime of ship recycling and its shortcomings, the article first elaborates on recent developments in value chain responsibility before it presents liability as an important regulatory tool. It then analyses relevant recent case law, including by the Court of Justice of the European Union and by national courts in France, Germany and the United Kingdom, showing that liability risks for shipowners and classification organizations have increased significantly, which may have a positive impact on environmentally sound and safe ship recycling. The article concludes, however, that a clear legislative framework for liability would be preferable to avoid uncertainty and national differences.
Issue opacity and sustainability standard effectiveness
Authors: Wijen Frank , Flowers Mallory Elise 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMany voluntary sustainability standards govern opaque environmental and social issues, which are difficult to understand and address. Extant studies show mixed evidence around the effectiveness of such standards. We develop a theoretical framework that relates different degrees and types of opacity to standard effectiveness. Systemic opacity results from issues embedded in complex, diverse, and dynamic settings, whereas behavioral opacity stems from human challenges in interpreting and acting upon focal issues. Rigid sustainability standards, oriented toward compliance, are effective for addressing issues that are transparent or enshrouded by behavioral opacity, but are counterproductive for issues with systemic opacity. The trade‐off between rigidity and flexibility leads to optimal effectiveness when standards governing systemically and behaviorally opaque issues are moderately rigid. Our ideas are illustrated with two leading sustainability standards in the fisheries and real estate sectors, which effectively address transparent issues but show limited success when facing opacity. We conclude that unpacking issue opacity is instrumental in designing and implementing more effective sustainability standards.
Travel mode classification based on GNSS trajectories and open geospatial data
Authors: Wu Hangbin , Jin Huiling , Xu Zeran , Liu Chun , Li Jian , Huang Wei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAccurate travel modes inferred from global navigation satellite system (GNSS) trajectory data can be instrumental to city development, such as travel planning and modeling and traffic flow prediction. With the advancement of mobile sensors, the Internet, and GNSS devices, massive GNSS trajectories have been recorded, laying a foundation for travel mode classification at a fine granular scale. However, the lack of discriminative features reduces the accuracy and robustness of travel mode classification. Thus, in this study, considering the relationship between trajectories and the surrounding transportation environment, a set of discriminative features extracted from geospatial data combined with various GNSS features generated from GNSS trajectories is proposed to better distinguish different travel modes. Based on this, we conduct a systematic comparison of a group of state‐of‐the‐art methods using GeoLife and OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, the results of which will provide guidance for properly selecting models for future travel mode classification‐related work. In addition, the comparison results show that adding GIS‐based domain expert features is robust in improving the classification accuracy of all classifiers in this study.