bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical manifestations of COVID‐19 breakthrough infections: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Christine J. , Woo Wongi , Kim Ah Young , Yon Dong Keon , Lee Seung Won , Koyanagi Ai , Kim Min Seo , Tizaoui Kalthoum , Dragioti Elena , Radua Joaquim , Lee Sungsoo , Smith Lee , Il Shin Jae 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo provide a comparative meta‐analysis and systematic review of the risk and clinical outcomes of coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) infection between fully vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Eighteen studies of COVID‐19 infections in fully vaccinated (“breakthrough infections”) and unvaccinated individuals were reviewed from Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The meta‐analysis examined the summary effects and between‐study heterogeneity regarding differences in the risk of infection, hospitalization, treatments, and mortality between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. he overall risk of infection was lower for the fully vaccinated compared to that of the unvaccinated (relative risk [RR] 0.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.19−0.21), especially for variants other than Delta (Delta: RR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.13−0.65; other variants: RR 0.06, 95% CI: 0.04−0.08). The risk of asymptomatic infection was not statistically significantly different between fully vaccinated and unvaccinated (RR 0.56, 95% CI: 0.27−1.19). There were neither statistically significant differences in risk of hospitalization (RR 1.06, 95% CI: 0.38−2.93), invasive mechanical ventilation (RR 1.65, 95% CI: 0.90−3.06), or mortality (RR 1.19, 95% CI: 0.79−1.78). Conversely, the risk of supplemental oxygen during hospitalization was significantly higher for the unvaccinated (RR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.08−1.82). Unvaccinated people were more vulnerable to COVID‐19 infection than fully vaccinated for all variants. Once infected, there were no statistically significant differences in the risk of hospitalization, invasive mechanical ventilation, or mortality. Still, unvaccinated showed an increased need for oxygen supplementation. Further prospective analysis, including patients’ risk factors, COVID‐19 variants, and the utilized treatment strategies, would be warranted.
Impact of atrial fibrillation ablation on long‐term outcomes in patients with tachycardia‐bradycardia syndrome
Authors: Kataoka Shohei , Ejima Koichiro , Yazaki Kyoichiro , Kanai Miwa , Yagishita Daigo , Shoda Morio , Hagiwara Nobuhisa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundReports of long‐term outcomes after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation for tachycardia‐bradycardia syndrome (TBS) are limited. This study aimed to investigate the impact of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) on clinical outcomes in patients with TBS.MethodsAmong 1669 patients who underwent AF ablation between January 2010 and April 2020, we retrospectively enrolled 53 patients (62.3% males; age, 67.1 ± 7.0 years) who had been diagnosed with TBS before RFCA for paroxysmal AF (TBS group). After 1:2 propensity score‐matching based on age, gender, AF type, and left atrial dimension, 106 patients were assigned to the control group (non‐TBS group). The atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATA) recurrence rate and rate of avoidance of permanent pacemaker implantation (PMI) were examined.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up period of 37.7 months, the ATA recurrence rate after a single ablation procedure was significantly higher in the TBS group than in the non‐TBS group (51.0% vs. 38.5%; log‐rank p = .008); however, the ATA recurrence rate after the final ablation procedure did not significantly differ between groups. In the TBS group, the rate of PMI avoidance after AF ablation was 92.5%. A Cox‐regression multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of non‐pulmonary vein/superior vena cava premature atrial contractions (odds ratio, 3.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.49–7.66; p = .004) was an independent predictor of ATA recurrence in the TBS group.ConclusionsPatients with TBS had higher ATA recurrence rates after the first ablation procedure compared to those without TBS. However, ATA recurrence after AF ablation did not necessarily result in PMI for TBS patients.
Representation of the wintertime Arctic Oscillation in a multi‐model ensemble
Authors: Kim Gayoung , Ahn Joong‐Bae 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Arctic Oscillation (AO) is a well‐known mode that affects climate variability in the Northern Hemisphere. The equal‐weighed multi‐model ensemble (MME) of six state‐of‐the‐art models from the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and Pusan National University (PNU) was analysed to understand the wintertime AO performance for the hindcast period December–February 1993/1994–2016/2017. The hindcasts were chosen with lead times of 1 and 4 months with respect to the initialization date (August and November, respectively). The spread of the AO prediction skills of the individual models was significant. In general, the MME demonstrates superior skill compared to the average of single‐model skills in representing the AO pattern at lead times of 1 and 4 months. The AO‐related vertical structure predicted by MME is similar to the observation, but the upper‐level structure is relatively poor compared to the structure of the hindcasted lower‐ or mid‐level atmosphere. Both observation and MME indicate that since the mid‐1990s, the relationship between the AO and East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) has been weak compared to the connection between the AO and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Simultaneously, the North Pacific centre of the AO moved eastward during the observational period. The MME showed an AO pattern similar to that observed. The eastward shift of the North Pacific centre of the AO may contribute to deepening the Aleutian low and its effect on the tight AO–ENSO relation demonstrated in observations and MME. Strong AO–ENSO relations and weak AO–EAWM connections are found in both observations and MME model. The observation and MME represent the wave activity flux from 60°N to the equator in the troposphere; consequently, the wave activity flux may contribute to the AO and ENSO connection in both observation and MME.
Stable O/W emulsions and oleogels with amphiphilic konjac glucomannan network: preparation, characterization, and application
Authors: Bu Nitong , Huang Liying , Cao Guoyu , Pang Jie , Mu Ruojun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe stabilization of oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions has long been explored. Assembly of polymer networks is an effective method for stabilizing O/W emulsions. Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a plant polysaccharide and the network of KGM gel is a good candidate for stabilizing O/W emulsions based on its high viscosity and thickening properties. However, natural KGM has strong hydrophilicity and is not able to offer interfacial activity. Octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) is a hydrophobic molecule, which is widely used as thickener and stabilizer in food emulsions. In this work, the amphiphilic biopolymer (OSA‐KGM) was fabricated by modifying the KGM with OSA. Furthermore, OSA‐KGM biopolymer was used to prepare O/W emulsions, which were then freeze‐dried and used to prepare oleogels as fat substitute for bakery products.RESULTSOSA‐KGM had advanced hydrophobicity with water contact angle 81.13° and adsorption behavior at the oil–water interface, with interfacial tension decreasing from 18.52 to 13.57 mN m−1 within 1 h. The emulsification of OSA‐KGM remarkably improved the stability of emulsions without phase separation during storage for 31 days. Oleogels with OSA‐KGM showed good thixotropic and structure recovery properties (approximately 100%) and low oil loss (from 69.5% to 50.4%). Cakes made from oleogels had a softer texture than cakes made from peanut oil and margarine.CONCLUSIONAmphiphilic biopolymer OSA‐KGM shows advanced interfacial activity and hydrophobicity. This paper provides an insight into preparing stable O/W emulsions with a new biopolymer and oleogels potentially applied as fat substitute in bakery products. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Circular Displacement Current Induced Anomalous Magneto‐Optical Effects in High Index Mie Resonators
Authors: Xia Shuang , Ignatyeva Daria O. , Liu Qing , Wang Hanbin , Yang Weihao , Qin Jun , Chen Yiqin , Duan Huigao , Luo Yi , Novák Ondřej , Veis Martin , Deng Longjiang , Belotelov Vladimir I. , Bi Lei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDielectric Mie nanoresonators showing strong light–matter interaction at the nanoscale may enable new functionality in photonic devices, such as strong magneto‐optical effects. However, most reports so far have been focused on the enhancement of conventional magneto‐optical effects. Here, anomalous magneto‐optical effects are observed in high‐index‐contrast Si/Ce:YIG/YIG/SiO2 Mie resonators. In particular, giant modulation of light intensity in transverse magnetic configuration up to 6.4% under s‐polarized incidence appears, which is non‐existent in planar magneto‐optical thin films. A large rotation of transmitted light polarization in longitudinal magnetic configuration is also observed, which is two orders of magnitude higher than for planar magneto‐optical thin films. These phenomena are originated from the unique circular displacement current when exciting magnetic resonances in the Mie resonators, which change the electric field direction locally. This work indicates an uncharted territory of light polarization control based on complex modal profiles in all‐dielectric magneto‐optical Mie resonators and metasurfaces.
Impact of major hepatocellular carcinoma policy changes on liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States
Authors: Shah Rahil H. , Chyou Darius , Goldberg David S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Since its inception in 2002, Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD)–based allocation has undergone a series of revisions, especially with respect to exception points. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common indication for MELD exceptions, and as a result of higher transplant proportions and lower waitlist mortality, a series of policy changes have been implemented to deprioritize HCC transplants. We examined the impact of HCC exception policy changes on transplant and waitlist mortality rates. We evaluated Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network/United Network for Organ Sharing data on adult patients from January 1, 2005, to June 4, 2021, focusing on waitlist mortality and deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) proportions. The data were divided into four policy eras: (1) MELD 22 points at waitlisting with an increase in points every 3 months (i.e., elevator) (January 2005–October 2015), (2) delay and cap at MELD 34 points (October 2015–May 2019), (3) delay and fixed exceptions based on donor service area (DSA) median MELD at transplantation minus three (MMaT‐3; May 2019–February 2020), and (4) delay and fixed exceptions based on the MMaT‐3 of centers within 250 nautical miles (i.e., acuity circles; February 2020–June 2021). We evaluated (a) changes in the proportions of DDLTs for patients with HCC exceptions within each era nationally and by DSA and (b) waitlist mortality in the three recent policy eras, focusing on mortality in the 6 months after the 6‐month delay period. The percentage of adult DDLT with HCC exceptions decreased through the four eras: 22.9% (n = 14,049), 17.9% (n = 4598), 14.3% (n = 851), and 12.4% (n = 1425), respectively. Of the 51 DSAs analyzed, the annual percent change in DDLTs for patients with HCC exceptions was negative (i.e., decreased) in 47 (92.2%). Waitlist mortality remained stable. All HCC policy implementations led to a decrease in the percentage of transplants for HCC without an increase in waitlist mortality. The impact is not uniform across geographic areas.
Design and optimization of thin‐film tungsten (W)‐diamond target for multi‐pixel X‐ray sources
Authors: Tan Yuewen , Chen Qinghao , Zhou Shuang , Henriksen Erik A. , Zhang Tiezhi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundEmerging multi‐pixel X‐ray source technology enables new designs for X‐ray imaging systems. The power of multi‐pixel X‐ray sources with a fixed anode is limited by focal spot power density.PurposeThe purpose of this study is to optimize the W‐diamond target and predict its performance in multi‐pixel X‐ray sources.MethodsX‐ray intensity and energy deposition in the W‐diamond target with different thicknesses of tungsten film and incident electron energies was calculated with the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit. COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to analyze the transient and stationary heat transfer in the thin‐film W‐diamond target. The maximum tube power and X‐ray output intensity were predicted for both transmission and reflection target configurations.ResultsThe maximum focal spot power density was limited by either the graphitization of the diamond substrate or the melting point of the W target. With optimal W‐target thickness, the maximum transmission X‐ray intensities are about 40%–50% higher than the maximum reflection intensities. Thin‐film W‐diamond targets allow four to five times more maximum power input and produce six to seven times higher transmission X‐ray intensity in continuous mode compared with conventional reflection W thick targets. Depending on the focal spot size, reducing the X‐ray pulse duration can further enhance the tube power.ConclusionsMulti‐pixel X‐ray sources using this W‐diamond target design can produce significantly higher X‐ray output than traditional thick tungsten targets without major modification of the tube design.
A secondary analysis of PAIN‐CONTRoLS: Pain's impact on sleep, fatigue, and activities of daily living
Authors: Bhai Salman F. , Brown Alexandra , Gajewski Byron , Kimminau Kim S. , Waitman Lemuel R. , Pasnoor Mamatha , Barohn Richard J. ,   the PAIN‐CONTRoLS Study Team
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsPeripheral neuropathies commonly affect quality of life of patients due to pain, sleep disturbances, and fatigue, although trials have not adequately explored these domains of care. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of nortriptyline, duloxetine, pregabalin, and mexiletine on pain, sleep, and fatigue in patients diagnosed with cryptogenic sensory polyneuropathy (CSPN).MethodsWe implemented a Bayesian adaptive design to perform a 12‐wk multisite, randomized, prospective, open‐label comparative effectiveness study in 402 CSPN patients. Participants received either nortriptyline (n = 134), duloxetine (n = 126), pregabalin (n = 73), or mexiletine (n = 69). At prespecified analysis timepoints, secondary outcomes, Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) surveys including Short Form (SF)‐12, pain interference, fatigue, and sleep disturbance, were collected.ResultsMexiletine had the highest quit rate (58%) due to gastrointestinal side effects, while nortriptyline (38%) and duloxetine (38%) had the lowest quit rates. If tolerated for the full 12 wk of the study, mexiletine had the highest probability (>90%) of positive outcomes for improvements in pain interference and fatigue. There was no significant difference among the medications for sleep disturbance or SF‐12 scores. Adverse events and lack of efficacy were the two most common reasons for cessation of therapy.DiscussionPhysicians caring for patients with CSPN should consider mexiletine to address pain and fatigue, although nortriptyline and duloxetine are better medications to trial first since they are better tolerated. Future research should compare other commonly used medications for CSPN to determine evidence‐based treatment strategies.
Transient dynamics of the thermally induced deformation of sands
Authors: Coulibaly Jibril B. , Rotta Loria Alessandro F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCurrently, inconclusive evidence characterizes the thermally induced deformation of sands. In this context, the role of the transient nature of heat diffusion on the thermally induced deformation of sands has remained largely disregarded. This paper presents a theoretical and computational investigation of the transient dynamics characterizing the thermally induced deformation of sands under oedometric conditions. The study shows that heating rates determined by the pore fluid pressure dissipation timescale to ensure drained conditions can cause an important temperature nonuniformity and a breakdown of quasi‐static conditions. Under these dynamic conditions, the differential expansion between the sand and the confining oedometer ring uniquely characterizes the response and is broken down into two characteristic regimes. For slow heating rates and low‐expansion ring materials, a mathematical analysis shows that expansion and only expansion can occur, regardless of relative density and stress level. For fast heating rates and high‐expansion ring materials, a parametric analysis establishes the possibility of a very small initial volumetric contraction for loose materials under high stress levels. In the light of the existing literature, the study shows that the intrinsic volumetric response to heating loads of sand, as a material, is only expansive; volumetric contraction may only be observed under transient conditions. This work supports a conceptual shift in the framework of analysis of thermally induced deformation of sands, from a temperature‐dependent material response to a rate‐dependent response of a finite volume under nonuniform conditions.
Mechanical, surface morphological, and thermal properties of Musa acuminate peduncles fiber reinforced polyester composites: Fiber loading and alkalization impact
Authors: Durai Praveen Nagarajan , Viswalingam Kathir , Devi M. Renuka 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe current study focuses on treated and untreated Musa acuminate peduncles fiber (MAPFs) reinforced polyester composites for lightweight application. For the first time, the impact of alkali treatment and fiber weight fraction on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological characteristics of MAPFs bonded polyester composites have been examined. The fiber from 0 to 25 wt% (alkali‐treated and raw) was reinforced with polyester matrix in compression/hand lay method. At 20 wt% of fiber, significant improvements in tensile strength (40.97 MPa), tensile modulus (1.18 GPa), impact (72.68 J/m), flexural strength (63.54 MPa) and flexural modulus (2.16 GPa) were recorded, whereas beyond reduces the properties. Following tensile testing, the fractured cross‐sections of the composite were investigated using scanning electron microscope, which demonstrated that the alkali‐treated MAPFs reinforced polyester composite had fewer voids and better fiber bonding. Thermogravimetric and atomic force microscopy analysis show that alkali‐treated MAPFs are a viable reinforcement for polyester matrix due to higher degradation temperature and surface roughness observations.
Fetal phenotypes of Mendelian disorders: A descriptive study from India
Authors: Saini Neelam , Venkatapuram Vijaya Sree , Vineeth Venugopal Satidevi , Kulkarni Aditya , Tandon Ashwani , Koppolu Gayatri , Patil Siddaramappa Jagdish , Dalal Ashwin , Aggarwal Shagun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveExome sequencing (ES)‐based diagnosis of Mendelian diseases in the fetus is limited by paucity of phenotypic information. This study reports the comprehensive phenotypes of some fetuses with Mendelian disorders.MethodsNext generation technology‐based sequencing of all coding regions of the genome (Exome sequencing) or targeted gene sequencing using Sanger or next generation platforms was performed in a cohort of deeply phenotyped, cytogenetically normal fetuses with morphological defects. Prenatal ultrasonographic phenotypes and postmortem details including dysmorphology, histopathology, and radiography were ascertained. Novel candidate genes, novel/unusual findings, and unusual genotypes in cases with confirmed Mendelian disorders are described.ResultsOf the 102 fetuses sequenced, 45 (44%) achieved definitive diagnosis of a Mendelian disorder with 50 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants. The majority (87%) were autosomal recessive, 69% families were consanguineous, and 54% variants were novel. Dysmorphic syndromes, skeletal dysplasias, and metabolic disorders were the commonest disease categories, ciliopathies and dystroglycanopathies, commonest molecular categories. We describe the first fetal description of six monogenic diseases, and nine cases with novel histological findings. Nineteen cases had novel/unusual findings.ConclusionThis cohort demonstrates how deep fetal phenotypes of some Mendelian disorders can show novel/unusual findings, which have important implications for prenatal diagnosis of these conditions.
Comprehending Metal Particle Combustion: a Path Forward
Authors: Altman Igor , Pantoya Michelle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe paper discusses the physics required for accurate modeling of metal particle combustion and includes aspects previously neglected. Specifically, three physical phenomena are emphasized: 1) internal boiling on the condensed oxide‐metal interface; 2) condense‐luminescent loss during nano‐oxide formation; and, 3) suppressed heat transfer on the metal particle surface due to a low energy accommodation coefficient (EAC) are essential. The last two phenomena were explored in previous work. Internal particle interface boiling detailed in the current work enables the semi‐heterogeneous combustion of Al particles, an important process needing attention for accurate modeling. The interface boiling mechanism allowing for the semi‐heterogeneous combustion explains a number of experimental puzzles related to metal particle combustion. In particular, the semi‐heterogeneous combustion justifies the coexistence of two burning regimes of Al particles (slow and fast) recently observed. Based on reported findings, revising current numerical models for metal particle combustion to include these three physical phenomena is necessary. Implications toward enhancement of energetic performance for metal‐containing formulations are also discussed.
Fabrication of Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes ‐ Wrapped Mesoporous NiO Hollow Spheres for Asymmetric Supercapacitors applications
Authors: Purushothaman Kamatchi K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMulti‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) ‐ wrapped mesoporous NiO hollow spheres (MNHS) have been successfully synthesized via hydrothermal route using carbon spheres as templates. Structural, textural, morphological and electrochemical properties of MNHS were investigated. Galvanostatic Charge Discharge (GCD) analysis reveals the maximum specific capacity of 566 C g−1 at 1 A g−1.Furthermore,An Asymmetric supercapacitor (MNHS//RGO) has been fabricated and delivers the specific capacity of 75 C g−1 with an energy density of 121.17 W h kg−1 at the current density of 0.5 A g−1. The device shows excellent cyclic stability ie.,94 % of retention even after 3000 cycles.
Synthesis of BiSI/Ag2CO3 Composite Material for Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B under Visible Light**
Authors: Zhang Rui , Chen Ziyin , Zhao Chen , Cai Lu , Yu Junrong , Yang Ze , Jiang Jiacheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA novel binary BiSI/Ag2CO3 photocatalyst with excellent visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic performance was prepared. The products were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet‐visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV‐Vis DRS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under the irradiation of visible light. The results showed that the BiSI improves the photocatalytic activity of BiSI/Ag2CO3. Moreover, when the mass ratio of BiSI in BiSI/Ag2CO3 composites was 40 %, the as‐prepared BiSI/Ag2CO3 composite exhibited the best photocatalytic activity for degrading RhB. Finally, the possible mechanism for photodegradation over the BiSI/Ag2CO3 composites is also proposed.