bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Texas Community-Engagement Research Alliance Against COVID-19 in Disproportionately Affected Communities (TX CEAL) Consortium
Authors: Seguin-Fowler Rebecca A. , Amos Chris , Beech Bettina M. , Ferrer Robert L. , McNeill Lorna , Opusunju Jasmine J. , Spence Emily , Thompson Erika L. , Torres-Hostos Luis R. , Vishwanatha Jamboor K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires urgent implementation of effective community-engaged strategies to enhance education, awareness, and inclusion of underserved communities in prevention, mitigation, and treatment efforts. The Texas Community-Engagement Alliance Consortium was established with support from the United States’ National Institutes of Health (NIH) to conduct community-engaged projects in selected geographic locations with a high proportion of medically underserved minority groups with a disproportionate burden of COVID-19 disease and hospitalizations. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of the Consortium. The Consortium organized seven projects with focused activities to address COVID-19 clinical and vaccine trials in highly affected counties, as well as critical statewide efforts. Five Texas counties (Bexar, Dallas, Harris, Hidalgo, and Tarrant) were chosen by NIH because of high concentrations of underserved minority communities, existing community infrastructure, ongoing efforts against COVID-19, and disproportionate burden of COVID-19. Policies and practices can contribute to disparities in COVID-19 risk, morbidity, and mortality. Community engagement is an essential element for effective public health strategies in medically underserved minority areas. Working with partners, the Consortium will use community engagement strategies to address COVID-19 disparities.
Comprehension of different types of novel metaphors in monolinguals and multilinguals
Authors: Werkmann Horvat Ana , Bolognesi Marianna , Littlemore Jeannette , Barnden John 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIt has been suggested that multilingualism can lead to increased cognitive flexibility and creativity. No studies to date, however, have investigated whether this advantage leads to a greater propensity to find meaning in different kinds of novel metaphors. This article reports a self-paced reading study that focuses on whether such an increased propensity is displayed by multilingual English speakers, as opposed to monolingual English speakers. The article explores the difference between two broad types of novelty in metaphorical expressions, which are distinguished by how readily they conform to existing metaphorical schemata. The results indicate that both monolinguals and multilinguals find novel metaphors that conform readily to an existing schema easier to comprehend those that do not. They also take longer to seek meaning in metaphors that conform readily to an existing schema. Multilinguals are more likely than monolinguals to find meaning in both types of novel metaphor. The theoretical distinction drawn between metaphors that conform readily to an existing schema and those that do not highlights the variability of meaning in novel metaphors. It also focuses attention on the different extents to which hearers seek rich meanings as opposed to less rich but more easily derived ones.
Factors Associated with In-Patient Mortality in the Rapid Assessment of Adult Earthquake Trauma Patients
Authors: Hu Hai , Lai Xiaoqin , Tan Chunping , Yao Ni , Yan Longping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjective:To date, there is limited evidence for health care providers regarding the determinants of early assessment of poor outcomes of adult in-patients due to earthquakes. This study aimed to explore factors related to early assessment of adult earthquake trauma patients (AETPs).Methods:The data on 29,933 AETPs in the West China Earthquake Patients Database (WCEPD) were analyzed retrospectively. Then, 37 simple variables that could be obtained rapidly upon arrival at the hospital were collected. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses were performed. A nomogram was then constructed.Results:Nine independent mortality-related factors that contributed to AETP in-patient mortality were identified. The variables included age (OR:1.035; 95%CI, 1.027-1.044), respiratory rate ([RR]; OR:1.091; 95%CI, 1.050-1.133), pulse rate ([PR]; OR:1.028; 95%CI, 1.020-1.036), diastolic blood pressure ([DBP]; OR:0.96; 95%CI, 0.950-0.970), Glasgow Coma Scale ([GCS]; OR:0.666; 95%CI, 0.643-0.691), crush injury (OR:3.707; 95%CI, 2.166-6.115), coronary heart disease ([CHD]; OR:4.025; 95%CI, 1.869-7.859), malignant tumor (OR:4.915; 95%CI, 2.850-8.098), and chronic kidney disease ([CKD]; OR:5.735; 95%CI, 3.209-10.019).Conclusions:The nine mortality-related factors for ATEPs, including age, RR, PR, DBP, GCS, crush injury, CHD, malignant tumor, and CKD, could be quickly obtained on hospital arrival and should be the focal point of future earthquake response strategies for AETPs. Based on these factors, a nomogram was constructed to screen for AETPs with a higher risk of in-patient mortality.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met and neuropsychological functioning after early childhood traumatic brain injury
Authors: Treble-Barna Amery , Wade Shari L. , Pilipenko Valentina , Martin Lisa J. , Yeates Keith Owen , Taylor H. Gerry , Kurowski Brad G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjective:The present study examined the differential effect of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism on neuropsychological functioning in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) relative to orthopedic injury (OI).Methods:Participants were drawn from a prospective, longitudinal study of children who sustained a TBI (n= 69) or OI (n= 72) between 3 and 7 years of age. Children completed a battery of neuropsychological measures targeting attention, memory, and executive functions at four timepoints spanning the immediate post-acute period to 18 months post-injury. Children also completed a comparable age-appropriate battery of measures approximately 7 years post-injury. Parents rated children’s dysexecutive behaviors at all timepoints.Results:Longitudinal mixed models revealed a significant allele status × injury group interaction with a medium effect size for verbal fluency. Cross-sectional models at 7 years post-injury revealed non-significant but medium effect sizes for the allele status x injury group interaction for fluid reasoning and immediate and delayed verbal memory. Post hoc stratified analyses revealed a consistent pattern of poorer neuropsychological functioning in Met carriers relative to Val/Val homozygotes in the TBI group, with small effect sizes; the opposite trend or no appreciable effect was observed in the OI group.Conclusions:The results suggest a differential effect of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on verbal fluency, and possibly fluid reasoning and immediate and delayed verbal memory, in children with early TBI relative to OI. The Met allele—associated with reduced activity-dependent secretion of BDNF—may confer risk for poorer neuropsychological functioning in children with TBI.
Disconnection and Reconnection in Plasma Bubbles Observed by OI 630 nm Airglow Images From Cariri Observatory
Authors: Carrasco A. J. , Batista I. S. , Wrasse C. M. , Takahashi H. , Pimenta A. A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe use OI 630 nm airglow images obtained with the All‐sky imager installed at São João do Cariri (7.4°S, 36.5°W) to report the very rare phenomenon of disconnection and reconnection between adjacent plasma bubbles. We report here for the first time observations of the phenomenon at Cariri. These observations show that the phenomenon is independent of the solar flux and occurs between September and December in the Brazilian sector. The phenomenon consists first in separating a part of the bubble followed by its capture by other adjacent bubbles via electrostatic potential fields. Statistically, the phenomenon is of very low occurrence and its probability varies between 1/120 and 1/165 per year, and on certain occasions it is zero.
Detection of Equatorial Plasma Velocity Modulations Associated With Planetary Period Oscillations in Saturn's Magnetosphere
Authors: Bradley T. J. , Provan G. , Cowley S. W. H. , Wilson R. J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe analyze a database of 8920 measurements of thermal ion vector velocities obtained by the Cassini CAPS/IMS instrument in the near‐equatorial (±10° latitude) region of Saturn's magnetosphere in the radial range of 5.5–21.5 Saturn radii (RS) for the presence of modulations due to planetary period oscillations (PPOs). The data span 2004–2012, from Saturn late southern summer to early northern spring, and are analyzed using PPO phases derived previously from Cassini magnetic field data. For the near‐equinox and northern spring data 2008–2012 we show that both northern and southern PPO modulations are present in the azimuthal velocity component with similar amplitudes, typically ∼3 ± 1.5 km s−1 in the inner part of the system inside ∼10–12 RS, rising to typically ∼9 ± 3.5 km s−1 in the outer part of the system to ∼20 RS. Oscillation phases are overall consistent with expectations for PPO modulations driven from the corresponding polar ionospheres in both cases. For the late southern summer data 2004–2007, southern PPO modulations are also present with similar properties, but no clear northern modulations were detected, indicating weaker amplitudes in this case. These findings mirror similar properties in the amplitudes of magnetic field PPO oscillations observed in previous studies. Our results constitute the first direct detection of PPO‐related velocity modulations in Saturn's magnetospheric plasma. However, no clear PPO effects were found in either the radial or colatitudinal velocities, indicating weaker modulations, if any, in these components.
The High‐Frequency Tidal Response of Ocean Worlds: Application to Europa and Ganymede
Authors: Hay H. C. F. C. , Matsuyama I. , Pappalardo R. T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEuropa and Ganymede, whose liquid water oceans are of uncertain thickness, are subject to tidal forces across a broad frequency spectrum. Tidal deformation is inherently frequency dependent, an effect which is enhanced when a subsurface ocean is present. We model the tidal response of Europa and Ganymede, taking into account ocean dynamics and the viscoelastic coupling to the ice shell. Tidal deformation at high frequencies ‐ a result of moon‐moon interactions ‐ is resonantly amplified by ocean dynamics. We find the corresponding tidal Love numbers to be extremely sensitive to ocean thickness and weakly sensitive to ice shell thickness, shear modulus, and viscosity. Measuring these high‐frequency deformations would provide a unique determination of ocean thickness, though the minimum sensitivity required to detect the relevant deformation (0.1 mm, 2 nGal) makes this an extreme challenge. Detection of a large signal on the order of centimeters would only be possible if the ocean was tuned to a particular thickness, which would suggest that moon‐moon tides play a role in the thermal/orbital evolution of the moon. Scaling laws are also derived that predict the resonant enhancement of tidal Love numbers and associated tidal dissipation in the ocean and ice shell.
Vertical Aerosol Distribution and Mesospheric Clouds From ExoMars UVIS
Authors: Streeter Paul M. , Sellers Graham , Wolff Michael J. , Mason Jonathon P. , Patel Manish R. , Lewis Stephen R. , Holmes James A. , Daerden Frank , Thomas Ian R. , Ristic Bojan , Willame Yannick , Depiesse Cédric , Vandaele Ann Carine , Bellucci Giancarlo , López‐Moreno José Juan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe vertical opacity structure of the martian atmosphere is important for understanding the distribution of ice (water and carbon dioxide) and dust. We present a new data set of extinction opacity profiles from the NOMAD/UVIS spectrometer aboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, covering one and a half Mars Years (MY) including the MY 34 Global Dust Storm and several regional dust storms. We discuss specific mesospheric cloud features and compare with existing literature and a Mars Global Climate Model (MGCM) run with data assimilation. Mesospheric opacity features, interpreted to be water ice, were present during the global and regional dust events and correlate with an elevated hygropause in the MGCM, providing evidence that regional dust storms can boost transport of vapor to mesospheric altitudes (with potential implications for atmospheric escape). The season of the dust storms also had an apparent impact on the resulting lifetime of the cloud features, with events earlier in the dusty season correlating with longer‐lasting mesospheric cloud layers. Mesospheric opacity features were also present during the dusty season even in the absence of regional dust storms, and interpreted to be water ice based on previous literature. The assimilated MGCM temperature structure agreed well with the UVIS opacities, but the MGCM opacity field struggled to reproduce mesospheric ice features, suggesting a need for further development of water ice parameterizations. The UVIS opacity data set offers opportunities for further research into the vertical aerosol structure of the martian atmosphere, and for validation of how this is represented in numerical models.
Comprehensive Quantification of the Responses of Ecosystem Production and Respiration to Drought Time Scale, Intensity and Timing in Humid Environments: A FLUXNET Synthesis
Authors: Jiao Wenzhe , Wang Lixin , Wang Honglang , Lanning Matthew , Chang Qing , Novick Kimberly A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDrought is one of the most important natural hazards impacting ecosystem carbon cycles. However, it is challenging to quantify the impacts of drought on ecosystem carbon balance and several factors hinder our explicit understanding of the complex drought impacts. First, drought impacts can have different time dimensions such as simultaneous, cumulative, and lagged impacts on ecosystem carbon balance. Second, drought is not only a multiscale (e.g., temporal and spatial) but also a multidimensional (e.g., intensity, time‐scale, and timing) phenomenon, and ecosystem production and respiration may respond to each drought dimension differently. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive drought impact assessment on ecosystem productivity and respiration in humid regions by including different drought dimensions using global FLUXNET observations. Short‐term drought (e.g., 1‐month drought) generally did not induce a decrease in plant productivity even under high severity drought. However, ecosystem production and respiration significantly decreased as drought intensity increased for droughts longer than 1 month in duration. Drought timing was important, and ecosystem productivity was most vulnerable when drought occurred during or shortly after the peak vegetation growth. We found that lagged drought impacts more significantly affected ecosystem carbon uptake than simultaneous drought, and that ecosystem respiration was less sensitive to drought time scale than ecosystem production. Overall, our results indicated that temporally‐standardized meteorological drought indices can be used to reflect plant productivity decline, but drought timing, antecedent, and cumulative drought conditions need to be considered together.
Resiliency of Silica Export Signatures When Low Order Streams Are Subject to Storm Events
Authors: Fernandez N. M. , Bouchez J. , Derry L. A. , Chorover J. , Gaillardet J. , Giesbrecht I. , Fries D. , Druhan J. L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSilicon stable isotope ratios (30Si) of over 150 stream water samples were measured during seven storm events in six small critical zone observatory (CZO) catchments spanning a wide range in climate (sub‐humid to wet, tropical) and lithology (granite, volcanic, and mixed sedimentary). Here we report a cross‐site analysis of this dataset to gain insight into stream 30Si variability across low‐order catchments and to identify potential climate (i.e., runoff), hydrologic, lithologic, and biogeochemical controls on observed stream Si chemical and isotopic signatures. Event‐based 30Si exhibit variability both within and across sites (−0.22‰ to +2.27‰) on the scale of what is observed globally in both small catchments and large rivers. Notably, each site shows distinct 30Si signatures that are preserved even after normalization for bedrock composition. Successful characterization of observed cross‐site behavior requires the merging of two distinct frameworks in a novel combined model describing both non‐uniform fluid transit time distributions and multiple fractionating pathways in application to low‐order catchments. The combined model reveals that site‐specific architecture (i.e., biogeochemical reaction pathways and hydrologic routing) regulates stream silicon export signatures even when subject to extreme precipitation events.
Ice‐Dynamical Glacier Evolution Modeling—A Review
Authors: Zekollari H. , Huss M. , Farinotti D. , Lhermitte S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGlaciers play a crucial role in the Earth System: they are important water suppliers to lower‐lying areas during hot and dry periods, and they are major contributors to the observed present‐day sea‐level rise. Glaciers can also act as a source of natural hazards and have a major touristic value. Given their societal importance, there is large scientific interest in better understanding and accurately simulating the temporal evolution of glaciers, both in the past and in the future. Here, we give an overview of the state of the art of simulating the evolution of individual glaciers over decadal to centennial time scales with ice‐dynamical models. We hereby highlight recent advances in the field and emphasize how these go hand‐in‐hand with an increasing availability of on‐site and remotely sensed observations. We also focus on the gap between simplified studies that use parameterizations, typically used for regional and global projections, and detailed assessments for individual glaciers, and explain how recent advances now allow including ice dynamics when modeling glaciers at larger spatial scales. Finally, we provide concrete recommendations concerning the steps and factors to be considered when modeling the evolution of glaciers. We suggest paying particular attention to the model initialization, analyzing how related uncertainties in model input influence the modeled glacier evolution and strongly recommend evaluating the simulated glacier evolution against independent data.
Big Data Seismology
Authors: Arrowsmith S. J. , Trugman D. T. , MacCarthy J. , Bergen K. J. , Lumley D. , Magnani M. B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe discipline of seismology is based on observations of ground motion that are inherently undersampled in space and time. Our basic understanding of earthquake processes and our ability to resolve 4D Earth structure are fundamentally limited by data volume. Today, Big Data Seismology is an emergent revolution involving the use of large, data‐dense inquiries that is providing new opportunities to make fundamental advances in these areas. This article reviews recent scientific advances enabled by Big Data Seismology through the context of three major drivers: the development of new data‐dense sensor systems, improvements in computing, and the development of new types of techniques and algorithms. Each driver is explored in the context of both global and exploration seismology, alongside collaborative opportunities that combine the features of long‐duration data collections (common to global seismology) with dense networks of sensors (common to exploration seismology). The review explores some of the unique challenges and opportunities that Big Data Seismology presents, drawing on parallels from other fields facing similar issues. Finally, recent scientific findings enabled by dense seismic data sets are discussed, and we assess the opportunities for significant advances made possible with Big Data Seismology. This review is designed to be a primer for seismologists who are interested in getting up‐to‐speed with how the Big Data revolution is advancing the field of seismology.
In‐Situ Quantification and Prediction of Water Yield From Southern US Pine Forests
Authors: Acharya Subodh , Kaplan David A. , McLaughlin Daniel L. , Cohen Matthew J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractForest management can play an important role in landscape‐scale water balances and thus regional water supply planning, necessitating improved quantification and prediction of forest water yield (i.e., rainfall minus evapotranspiration (ET)). We used high frequency soil moisture data to quantify soil ET and interception in 30 pine stands capturing regional variation in aridity, hydrogeology, and forest management. We evaluated typical forest rotation stages (i.e., clear cuts through mature stands), as well as stands restored to historical, lower biomass conditions. Our results supported the expectation that forest management can strongly influence local water yield. A simple model using leaf area index (LAI), hydrogeologic setting, and climate aridity (P:ET) explained nearly 80% of observed water yield variation. LAI emerged as the dominant forest structural control, influencing both soil ET and interception rates, with each unit decrease in LAI increasing water yield by nearly 10 cm. While other forest attributes (e.g., basal area, groundcover, species) were less important for predicting stand‐level water balances, aridity and hydrogeologic setting emerged as highly significant predictors of water yield. We further observed small and short‐lived effects of low‐intensity prescribed fires on soil ET and no discernible effect of pine species, suggesting that maintaining low density pine forests—regardless of species—is a viable management strategy for increasing water yield. Overall, our results illustrate the utility of soil moisture‐based methods for stand‐level water balances and provide useful models for predicting landscape water yield under a range of forest management and hydroclimatic settings now and in the future.
Statistical Study of Magnetospheric Conditions for SAPS and SAID
Authors: Nishimura Y. , Hussein A. , Erickson P. J. , Gallardo‐Lacourt B. , Angelopoulos V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInner‐magnetospheric conditions for subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) and subauroral ion drifts (SAID) have been investigated statistically using Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms and RBSP observations. We found that plasma sheet electron fluxes at its earthward edge are larger for SAID than SAPS. The ring current ion flux for SAID formed a local maximum near SAID, but the ion flux for SAID was not necessarily larger than for SAPS. The median potential drop across SAID and SAPS is nearly the same, but the potential drop for intense SAID is substantially larger than that for SAPS. The plasmapause is sharper and electromagnetic waves were more intense for SAID. The SAID velocity peak does not strongly correlate with solar wind or geomagnetic indices. These results indicate that local plasma structures are more important for SAPS/SAID velocity characteristics as compared to global magnetospheric conditions.