bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of machine learning on clinical questionnaires data to support the diagnostic classification of Attention DeficitHyperactivity Disorder: a personalized medicine approach
Authors: Grazioli S. , Mauri M. , Rosi E. , Villa F. , Tizzoni F. , Tarabelloni A. , Trabattoni S. , Mauri V. , Colombo P. , Molteni M. , Nobile M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental condition characterized by inattention, motor hyperactivity and impulsivity. ADHD cognitive and behavioral presentation is characterized by a high heterogeneity (APA, 2013). Indeed, a complex diagnostic process, that considers several validated tools, is, to date, necessary.ObjectivesThe main aim is to develop supervised machine learning (ML) algorithms that could be used to support the diagnostic process for ADHD, by identifying the most relevant features in discriminating between the presence or absence of the ADHD diagnosis in children.MethodsWe analyzed data from 342 children (Mean age: 8y 8m ± 1y; 61 F) referred for possible ADHD symptomatology. Assessments were performed by an expert clinician and through questionnaires: Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Conners Rating Scale for Parents (CPRS) and for Teachers (CTRS). Data were analyzed using a decision tree classifier and random forest algorithms.ResultsThe decision tree model performed an accuracy of 0.71. The random forest model that was identified as the best tested, performed an accuracy of 0.77 (Figure 1) and it identified as most informative parent- and teacher-rated DSM-oriented ADHD symptoms (Figure 2).Figure 1: Random forest confusion matrix and statistics.Figure 2: Ranking of variables importance.ConclusionsA random forest classifier could represent an effective algorithm to support the identification of ADHD children and to simplify the diagnostic process as an initial step. The use of supervised machine learning algorithms could be useful in helping the diagnostic process, highlighting the importance of a personalized medicine approach.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Online Functional Metacognitive Intervention for Work-Performance Improvement in Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Grinblat N. , Rosenblum S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAdult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with reduced work performance. Online interventions increase accessibility of services to clients by removing barriers such as physical distance, which may prevent care.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the efficacy of an innovative functional metacognitive intervention for work-performance improvement of adults with ADHD.MethodsThis study used a wait-list control group design, with a study and a comparison group (total 46 adults, mean age of 35.65 years). All participants had been diagnosed with ADHD, worked at least 3 months at the same place, and were willing to improve their work performance. Intervention sessions were provided mostly online and focused on the adults’ occupational goals in a workplace context. The intervention’s efficacy was evaluated with a focus on participants’ work performance (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure) executive functions (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult), organisation in time (Time Organisation and Participation Scale), and quality of life (Adult ADHD Quality of Life Questionnaire).ResultsParticipants’ work performance, executive functions, organisation in time and quality of life significantly improved following the intervention. Their achievements were maintained through to the 3-month follow-up.ConclusionsThe online metacognitive functional intervention for work-performance improvement of adults with ADHD was found to be efficient and suitable for clinical use among this population. Future studies with larger samples and additional objective measures are needed to further validate these findings.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Cannabis Induced Psychosis
Authors: Bramness J. 
Published: September 2022

Even if most people use cannabis without many negative consequences, some experience cannabis related harms. At higher levels of intake, one of these harms could be psychotic symptoms and even cannabis-induced psychosis. During the last years, we have seen increased treatment seeking for cannabis use disorders in Europe. Parallel with this increase we have seen an increase in the incidence of cannabis induced psychosis in all Scandinavian countries and an increased population attributable fraction for cannabis on the prevalence of schizophrenia has been demonstrated. All this may reflect increased use of cannabis, but more likely increased content of D9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is most cannabis products. Many have also pointed to the fact that we have seen an increase in the incidence of schizophrenia in the same period, maybe attributable to cannabis use. If we also take into consideration that up to one third of those with cannabis-induced psychosis over time receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia, we may see at least two implications. Firstly, these findings strengthens the evidence for a causative relationship between cannabis use and schizophrenia, a causative relationship that man have suggested for several years, but that has had some opponents. Secondly, it points to cannabis-induced psychosis should be considered to be a part of the ICD-10 F2-chapter rather than the F1-chapter. This may be true also for the other substance-induced psychosis (F1x.5). An additional argument for this is that for no other psychotic diagnosis, a precipitation factor is mentioned in the diagnosis.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Motibot: the Virtual Coach for healthy coping intervention in diabetes
Authors: Bassi G. , Giuliano C. , Perinelli A. , Forti S. , Gabrielli S. , Mancinelli E. , Salcuni S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionVirtual coaches (VCs) can support people with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) by motivating them to better manage their health. Few VCs were aimed at providing psychosocial support. In this regard, motivation is a pivotal construct in diabetes self-management as it allows adults with DM to adhere to the clinical recommendations.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to develop a VC able to motivate adults with DM to adopt and acquire healthier coping strategies, to decrease symptoms of depression, anxiety, perceived stress, and diabetes-related emotional distress, while also improving their well-being.MethodsA total of 12 adults with DM (M=27.91 years; SD=9.82) interacted with a VC, called Motibot using Telegram for an overall duration of 12 sessions. Participants completed a battery of instruments at pre-, post-intervention and follow-up.Resultshighlighted a decrease in anxiety, and depression symptoms between pre-, post-intervention and follow-up, as also showed by the results that emerged through the text mining. Motibot was perceived as motivating and encouraging in the adoption of appropriate coping strategies, such as mindfulness practices. Motibot was also perceived as trustworthy, reflective, and stimulating in its dialogical interaction. Indeed, adults felt involved in the interaction with Motibot, thereby showing an overall perception of a better quality of life, in the absence of diabetes distress.ConclusionsThis study sheds light on the importance of VCs in health care for people with DM for psychosocial support. This is the first experimental study on the matter, and thus, further iterations of the intervention are needed using a larger sample size.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Traumatic brain injury alters presentation of mild behavioral impairment domains across progression of all-cause dementia
Authors: Bray M. , Bryant B. , Esagoff A. , Richey L. , Rodriguez C. , Krieg A. , Cullum C.M. , Lobue C. , Ismail Z. , Peters M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionTraumatic brain injury (TBI) may alter dementia progression, although co-occurring neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) have received less attention. The mild behavioral impairment (MBI) construct relates NPS to underlying neural circuit disruptions, representing an important area of inquiry regarding TBI and dementia.Objectives(1) to examine the influence of prior TBI history (preceding study enrollment) on MBI incidence in all-cause dementia (prior to dementia diagnosis, i.e. MBI’s original definition) and (2) to utilize MBI domains as a construct for examining the influence of TBI on related NPS across the course of dementia onset and progression.MethodsUsing National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center data, individuals progressing from normal cognition to all-cause dementia over 7.6±3.0 years were studied to estimate MBI incidence and symptom domains in 124 participants with prior TBI history compared to 822 without.ResultsModerate-severe TBI was associated with the social inappropriateness MBI domain (ORadj.=4.034; p=0.024) prior to dementia onset, and the abnormal perception/thought content domain looking across dementia progression (HRadj.=3.703,
p=0.005). TBI (all severities) was associated with the decreased motivation domain looking throughout dementia progression (HRadj.=1.546,
p=0.014).ConclusionsTBI history is associated with particular MBI domains prior to onset and throughout progression of dementia. Understanding TBI’s impact on inter-related NPS may help elucidate underlying neuropathology.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Subjective age and positive psychiatry: Identifying the positive characteristics associated with successful aging
Authors: Lam J. , Aftab A. , Lee E. , Jeste D. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionFor older adults, feeling subjectively younger is associated with improvements in cognition, subjective well-being and depressive symptoms. Positive psychiatry is the field that focuses on patient strengths and the promotion of positive outcomes, rather than just mitigation of illness. Younger subjective age may be a useful measure of successful aging, but little is known about how subjective age is associated with positive psychosocial characteristics.ObjectivesOur objective is to characterize how subjective age is related validated positive psychosocial measures, with the goal of better understanding the determinants of successful aging.MethodsThe Successful Aging Evaluation (SAGE) longitudinal study recruited over 1,300 community-dwelling residents of San Diego County, CA, from age 21 to over 100. A single-item question asked “How old/young do you feel?” We used spearman correlations to assess the relationship between subjective age and validated positive psychosocial scales such as the Self-Rated Successful Aging, Life Orientation Test, Personal Mastery Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Adult Hope Scale, and Social Support Index.ResultsMean chronological age was 65.5, and mean subjective age was 53.6. Mean age discrepancy was 11.5 years. Younger subjective age was positively associated with most of the positive psychosocial characteristics measured, including self-rated successful aging, optimism, personal mastery, resilience, curiosity, hope, and social support.ConclusionsThere is a growing movement within psychiatry to understand the positive characteristics that lead to successful aging. This is one of the first studies demonstrating younger age identities are associated with positive psychosocial characteristics and successful aging.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
“Hypochondriac” discourse in the modern society: a way to self-care about health or health anxiety?
Authors: Tkhostov A. , Rasskazova E. , Emelin V. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionModern social discourse emphasizes an importance of health either as a limiting resource that needs to be “saved” and “restored”, or as a vulnerability that should be protected, or as a “natural gift” that needs support and recovery by natural methods including alternative medicine. Advertisement adds to the social discourse a meaning of health as a sign of success. Research demonstrated that beliefs in any of these meanings is associated with higher adherence to medical recommendations but also higher catastrophizing of bodily sensations, somatosensory amplification and belief in bodily weakness (Rasskazova et al., 2017).ObjectivesTo reveal relationships of beliefs and thoughts in “hypochondriac discourse” with subjective importance of health self-care and health-oriented behavior.Methods340 participants 17-77 years old filled “Hypochondriac” Discourse Questionnaire (Rasskazova et al., 2016) that includes four scales measuring beliefs and four scales measuring frequency of thoughts about each health meaning, and Health Self-Care Scale (Rasskazova et al., 2021) that differentiates subjective importance of different ways of self-care and activities (Cronbach’s alphas .66-.80).ResultsAll beliefs in “hypochondriac discourse” except importance of alternative medicine are related to medical health monitoring and active styles of life (r=.23-.43) but unrelated to reported activities. Frequency of thoughts about “hypochondriac discourse” are related to adherence to health behavior (r=.31-.49).ConclusionsFrequent thoughts about “hypochondriac discourse” could be protective factor helping to support active life styles but also could lead to over-protection in healthy people. Research is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 22-28-01643DisclosureResearch is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 22-28-01643
Further Validation of the Short Form of the Self-Compassion Scale in a sample of Portuguese Medicine Students
Authors: Carvalho F. , Macedo A. , Manão A. , Cabacos C. , Azevedo J. , Marques C. , Marques M. , Carneiro M. , Telles Correia D. , Novais F. , Carvalho C. , Araújo A. , Pereira A.T. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe Short Form of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-SF; Raes et al. 2011) is composed of 12 items that evaluate the same six dimensions (Self-Kindness/SK, Self-Judgement/SJ, Common Humanity/CH, Isolation, Mindfulness/M, Over-Identification/OI) as the long scale (26 items). The Portuguese version of the SCS-SF (Castilho et al. 2015) was validated in a vast sample from clinical and general populations, the latter being composed of students, other than from medicine courses.ObjectivesTo analyze the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the SCS-SF in a sample of Medicine/Dentistry students.MethodsParticipants were 666 Portuguese medicine (82.6%) and dentistry (17.4%) students (81.8% girls); they answered an online survey including the SCS and other validated questionnaires from the OECD Study on Social and Emotional Skills/SSES: Stress resistance, Emotional control, Optimism and Persistence.ResultsConfirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the model composed of six factors, two second order factors (positive and negative) and one third order factor (total) presented good fit indexes (χ2/df=3.013; RMSEA=.0066, p<.001; CFI=.970; TLI=.948, GFI=.947). The Cronbach’s alfas were .892, .869 and .877 respectively for the total, self-compassion and self-criticism dimension. Pearson correlations of the SCS-SF total score, self-compassion and self-criticism dimensional scores were moderate to high with the SSES measures, from .272/-.236/.247 with Persistence to .709/-.634/.615 with Optimism.ConclusionsAlthough reduced to less than half than the original SCS, the SCS–SF is a valid and useful alternative to measure general self-compassion and their positive and negative components in an ongoing longitudinal research with medicine/dentistry students.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Body attitudes and experienced early care and attachment relationships in suicidal adolescents
Authors: Skvortsova E. , Pechnikova L. , Zhuykova E. , Sokolova E. , Ryzhov A. , Kokorina S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionBoth theoretical conceptualizations (M.&E. Laufers, E. Furman, J. Maltsberger, etc. ) and empirical studies (I. Orbach) suggest an important role body image plays in the dynamics of adolescent suicidal attempts.ObjectivesTo study the relationships between body image vulnerability and attachment attitudes concerning early care and current relationships.MethodsParticipants were 100 adolescents with suicidal behavior (46 with suicidal ideation only, 54 with suicide attempts) compared to 100 controls (12-17 years). Body attitudes were assessed with Body Investment Scale (BIS), perceived early care was assessed by Parental Bonding Inventory (PBI), current attachments experiences were assessed with Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ).ResultsAdolescents with suicidal manifestations scored significantly lower on BIS Body Care (p<.001) , but higher on Comfort with Touch scales (p=.05). They did not differ significantly on Body Image and Body Protection scales. With regard to perceived early care, suicidal adolescents did score lower on all Care and Control PBI scales, in both paternal and maternal forms. For current attachments suicidal adolescents scored lower on Confidence (p<.001) and higher on Approval Need (p<0.05) ASQ scales. Correlation analysis suggests, for both groups, stronger relationships of body attitude dimensions to current relationships than to perceived parental care, the former being more marked in clinical group, with Body Image scale being related to all ASQ scales ranging from r=-.32 to r=-.63.ConclusionsIn current study only weaker tendency to care for body in suicidal adolescents was noted. However, in suicidal group the relationship between body image vulnerability and negative experiences of current attachments was stronger.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Resilience Factors Preventing Schizophrenia in Ultra-high Risk Patients: Lessons from Genetics
Authors: Chaumette B. , Jiao C. , He Q. 
Published: September 2022

Over the past decades, researchers and psychiatrists in the field of psychosis have moved from a conception of a chronic presentation to a more dynamic paradigm. Accordingly, schizophrenia is now conceptualized as a progressive illness that typically emerges during late adolescence and follows different stages: early vulnerability, ultra-high risk state, first episode of psychosis, and chronic disease. Only one-quarter of the ultra-high risk patients will convert to a full-blown psychotic episode within 3 years while the others, called non-converters, will remain at-risk, develop other psychiatric disorders, or fully recover. The reasons for this differential outcome are not yet understood but this concept opens the way to scientific research to determine the protective factors involved in resilience for non-converters. Based on the Gene X Environment interaction model, schizophrenia results from genetic vulnerability and environmental aggressions which can have an impact on the epigenome and gene expression. Recent studies have shown that genetic variants play a role in the resilience of psychosis. Polygenic risk scores, computed as the addition of genetic polymorphisms, can modulate the effects of genetic at-risk deletions (i.e. del22q11) that predispose to psychosis and may also influence the cognitive symptoms of ultra-high risk patients. Resilience, defined as the ability to withstand adversity, is not only related to external skills or psychotherapeutic care but could also be explained by internal molecular factors. Identifying the genetic factors of resilience might help to stratify the risk and to develop precision medicine in psychiatry.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Predicting the effect of antidepressant treatment on relief from anxiety symptoms
Authors: Spinrad A. , Taliaz D. , Zoller R. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDepression and anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent forms of mental illness, with antidepressants frequently used to treat them. Unfortunately, prescription of antidepressant medication is often inexact and relies on a long trial-and-error process.ObjectivesUsing machine Learning (ML) algorithms on readily obtainable clinical and demographic data of individuals diagnosed with depression with anxiety symptoms, we hypothesized that we will be able to derive models which will enable a more accurate treatment selection, focusing on relief from anxiety symptoms.MethodsPatients’ data from the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (START*D) were filtered to include only those who have considerable anxiety symptoms. We then analyzed these patients’ response patterns, focusing on their anxious symptomology. Then, feature selection algorithms were applied to select the most predictive features for anxiety relief. Finally, we trained three ML models for three antidepressants: citalopram, sertraline and venlafaxine, using a training set of participants, and validated them on naïve validation and test datasets. These ML models were then compiled to create a predictive algorithm.ResultsValidating the algorithm on the validation and test sets, our algorithm achieved a balanced accuracy of 64.8% (p<0.001), 79.2% (p<0.001) and 78.03% (p<0.001) for citalopram, sertraline and venlafaxine, respectively.ConclusionsOur findings support applying ML to accumulating data to achieve an improvement in the treatment of mood disorders. The algorithm we developed may be used as a tool to aid in the choice of antidepressant medication, specifically for depressed patients who exhibit prominent anxiety symptoms.DisclosureDekel Taliaz is the founder and CEO of Taliaz and reports stock ownership in Taliaz. Amit Spinrad and Roni Zoller serve as data scientists in Taliaz.
Problematic internet use among elementary school students during the Covid – 19 pandemic
Authors: Iliopoulou L. , Koutras V. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDuring Covid-19 pandemic schools in Greece were closed and distance education instituted.ObjectivesTo find out whether the pandemic circumstances and the catholic internet access affected the time students spend on web activities other than educational duties.MethodsOur sample consisted of 1213 parents with children from 4th, 5th, and 6th elementary school grades. They were collected with snowball sampling through internet, and they filled closed ended questions anonymous questionary.ResultsDuring the pandemic the amount of time that children spent on the internet for purposes other than school obligations (social media, videogames, videos) was increasing by the time. On holidays and weekends this time was further increased. Parents mentioned reduced sleep time, reduced interest in hobbies and activities, as well as in person social communication with friends and loss of interest for school and educational matters. Children spend a lot of time on internet activities and sometimes they use it to avoid loneliness and negative situations. According to parents if their child doesn’t spend its preferrable time on the internet, get anxious, irritable, and sad. Often the child hides the time of internet use. Children from families with low socioeconomic, educational level, family income are more vulnerable to develop internet problematic use.ConclusionsSocial isolation, school closures, distance education, cancellation of after school activities and the facile internet access increased problematic internet use. This use is associated with behavioural, emotional and psychosocial problems. It is important to give information and implement educational programs for parents about how to control internet use of their children.DisclosureNo significant relationships.