bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract and In-Hospital Mortality in Intensive Care Unit Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Hammond Naomi E. , Myburgh John , Seppelt Ian , Garside Tessa , Vlok Ruan , Mahendran Sajeev , Adigbli Derick , Finfer Simon , Gao Ya , Goodman Fiona , Guyatt Gordon , Santos Joseph Alvin , Venkatesh Balasubramanian , Yao Liang , Di Tanna Gian Luca , Delaney Anthony 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceThe effectiveness of selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) in critically ill adults receiving mechanical ventilation is uncertain.ObjectiveTo determine whether SDD is associated with reduced risk of death in adults receiving mechanical ventilation in intensive care units (ICUs) compared with standard care.Data SourcesThe primary search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases until September 2022.Study SelectionRandomized clinical trials including adults receiving mechanical ventilation in the ICU comparing SDD vs standard care or placebo.Data Extraction and SynthesisData extraction and risk of bias assessments were performed in duplicate. The primary analysis was conducted using a bayesian framework.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was hospital mortality. Subgroups included SDD with an intravenous agent compared with SDD without an intravenous agent. There were 8 secondary outcomes including the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, ICU-acquired bacteremia, and the incidence of positive cultures of antimicrobial-resistant organisms.ResultsThere were 32 randomized clinical trials including 24 389 participants in the analysis. The median age of participants in the included studies was 54 years (IQR, 44-60), and the median proportion of female trial participants was 33% (IQR, 25%-38%). Data from 30 trials including 24 034 participants contributed to the primary outcome. The pooled estimated risk ratio (RR) for mortality for SDD compared with standard care was 0.91 (95% credible interval [CrI], 0.82-0.99; I2 = 33.9%; moderate certainty) with a 99.3% posterior probability that SDD reduced hospital mortality. The beneficial association of SDD was evident in trials with an intravenous agent (RR, 0.84 [95% CrI, 0.74-0.94]), but not in trials without an intravenous agent (RR, 1.01 [95% CrI, 0.91-1.11]) (P value for the interaction between subgroups = .02). SDD was associated with reduced risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (RR, 0.44 [95% CrI, 0.36-0.54]) and ICU-acquired bacteremia (RR, 0.68 [95% CrI, 0.57-0.81]). Available data regarding the incidence of positive cultures of antimicrobial-resistant organisms were not amenable to pooling and were of very low certainty.Conclusions and RelevanceAmong adults in the ICU treated with mechanical ventilation, the use of SDD compared with standard care or placebo was associated with lower hospital mortality. Evidence regarding the effect of SDD on antimicrobial resistance was of very low certainty.
To Stabilize Oxygen on In/In2O3 Heterostructure via Joule Heating for Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Wulan Bari , Cao Xueying , Tan Dongxing , Ma Jizhen , Zhang Jintao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe regulation of interfacial chemistry for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 into valuable fuels is highly promising but still challenging. Herein, an advanced strategy is developed to modulate the interfacial oxygen species on the hierarchical indium oxide nanosheets. The rapid Joule heating to an elevated temperature is demonstrated to stabilize oxygen species against the electrochemical reduction. Thus, the formation of heterogeneous interface with desirable oxygen species enables to improve electrocatalytic performance. Typically, the obtained electrocatalysts display the high Faradaic efficiency of 94% for carbon dioxide reduction (CO2RR) into formate and ≈100% for C1 products in the wide potential range from −0.5 to −1.0 V, outperforming most of the state‐of‐art indium‐based catalysts. The in situ experimental characterization and theoretical calculation reveal that the heterointerface with stable InO species would regulate the d‐band center to optimize the electronic structure and thus accelerate the protonation process from bicarbonate species adsorbed, leading to the enhanced performance. With the fundamental understanding, the solar‐driven CO2‐H2O cell is constructed to achieve a good energy conversion efficiency of 13.4%. This study offers a feasible strategy to modulate the interfacial structures and properties toward the rational design of advanced electrocatalysts.
Redox‐Active Polymer Integrated with MXene for Ultra‐Stable and Fast Aqueous Proton Storage
Authors: Shi Minjie , Wang Renyuan , Li Lingyun , Chen Nianting , Xiao Peng , Yan Chao , Yan Xingbin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractProton is a charge carrier with the smallest ionic size and quickest kinetics, making aqueous proton batteries (APBs), a promising technology for safe and profitable energy storage systems. Despite being potential electrode materials, organic compounds have not yet been fully investigated in terms of proton storage properties and APB applications due to their low capacity and unstable cycle life in aqueous electrolytes. Herein, a novel redox‐active polymer (PDPZ) with diquinoxalino‐phenazine as the structural unit has been designed, which is further integrated with MXene nanosheets to construct a flexible PDPZ@MXene electrode material with a rapid and ultra‐stable proton storage behavior. In‐operando monitoring techniques, i.e., in situ Raman and in situ FTIR, demonstrate the highly reversible redox reaction between CN and CN/NH bonds in electro‐active PDPZ molecule with the strong proton absorption ability. Theoretical calculation further proves the electron transfer from MXene to PDPZ promotes the redox reaction of the PDPZ@MXene electrode. As a result, a flexible APB device is developed with a considerable energy density (64.3 mWh cm−3), a supercapacitor‐level power density (6000 mW cm−3), and a record lifespan with ≈98.2% capacity retention over 10 000 cycles, revealing its potential applications in satisfying the various requirements of energy storage systems.
Vapor Phase Growth of Centimeter‐Sized Band Gap Engineered Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Single‐Crystal Thin Films with Color‐tunable Stimulated Emission
Authors: Lin Xiaohui , Chen Long , He Chenglin , Wang Yiliu , Li Xu , Dang Weiqi , He Kun , Huangfu Ying , Wu Dan , Zhao Bei , Li Bo , Li Jia , Duan Xidong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSingle crystal metal halide perovskites thin films are considered to be a promising optical, optoelectronic materials with extraordinary performance due to their low defect densities. However, it is still difficult to achieve large‐scale perovskite single‐crystal thin films (SCTFs) with tunable bandgap by vapor‐phase deposition method. Herein, the synthesis of CsPbCl3(1–x)Br3x SCTFs with centimeter size (1 cm × 1 cm) via vapor‐phase deposition is reported. The Br composition of CsPbCl3(1–x)Br3x SCTFs can be gradually tuned from x = 0 to x = 1, leading the corresponding bandgap to change from 2.29 to 2.91 eV. Additionally, an low‐threshold (≈23.9 µJ cm−2) amplified spontaneous emission is achieved based on CsPbCl3(1–x)Br3x SCTFs at room temperature, and the wavelength is tuned from 432 to 547 nm by varying the Cl/Br ratio. Importantly, the high‐quality CsPbCl3(1–x)Br3x SCTFs are ideal optical gain medium with high gain up to 1369.8 ± 101.2 cm−1. This study not only provides a versatile method to fabricate high quality CsPbCl3(1–x)Br3x SCTFs with different Cl/Br ratio, but also paves the way for further research of color‐tunable perovskite lasing.
Regulable Polyelectrolyte‐Surfactant Complex for Antibacterial Biomedical Catheter Coating via a Readily Scalable Route
Authors: Yu Huan , Wang Lei , Zhang Zhenyan , Zhang Xu , Luan Shifang , Shi Hengchong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractConstructing multifunctional surfaces is one of the practical approaches to address catheter‐related multiple complications but is generally time‐consuming and substrate‐dependent. Herein, a novel anti‐adhesion, antibacterial, low friction, and robustness coating on medical catheters are developed via a universal and readily scalable method based on a regulable polyelectrolyte surfactant complex. The complex is rapidly assembled in one step by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between organosilicon quaternary ammonium surfactant (N+Si) and adjustable polyelectrolyte with cross‐linkable, anti‐adhesive, and anionic groups. The alcohol‐soluble feature of the complex is conducive to the rapid formation of coatings on any medical device with arbitrary shapes via dip coating. Different from the conventional polyelectrolyte–surfactant complex coating, the regulated complex coating with nonleaching mode could be stable in harsh conditions (high concentration salt solution, organic reagents, etc.) because of the cross‐linked structure while improving the biocompatibility and reducing the adhesion of various bacteria, proteins, and blood cells. The coated catheter exhibits good antibacterial infection in vitro and in vivo, owing to the synergistic effect of N+Si and zwitterionic groups. Therefore, the rationally designed complex supplies a facile coating approach for the potential development in combating multiple complications of the medical catheter.
Recent Advances in Ultrathin Chiral Metasurfaces by Twisted Stacking
Authors: Han Zexiang , Wang Fei , Sun Juehan , Wang Xiaoli , Tang Zhiyong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractArtificial chiral nanostructures have been subjected to extensive research for their unique chiroptical activities. Planarized chiral films of ultrathin thicknesses are in particular demand for easy on‐chip integration and improved energy efficiency as polarization‐sensitive metadevices. Recently, controlled twisted stacking of two or more layers of nanomaterials, such as 2D van der Waals materials, ultrathin films, or traditional metasurfaces, at an angle has emerged as a general strategy to introduce optical chirality into achiral solid‐state systems. This method endows new degrees of freedom, e.g., the interlayer twist angle, to flexibly engineer and tune the chiroptical responses without having to change the material or the design, thus greatly facilitating the development of multifunctional metamaterials. In this review, recent exciting progress in planar chiral metasurfaces are summarized and discussed from the viewpoints of building blocks, fabrication methods, as well as circular dichroism and modulation thereof in twisted stacked nanostructures. The review further highlights the ever‐growing portfolio of applications of these chiral metasurfaces, including polarization conversion, information encryption, chiral sensing, and as an engineering platform for hybrid metadevices. Finally, forward‐looking prospects are provided.
The Role of Interfaces in Ionic Liquid‐Based Hybrid Materials (Ionogels) for Sensing and Energy Applications
Authors: Suen Ji Wei , Elumalai Naveen Kumar , Debnath Sujan , Mubarak Nabisab Mujawar , Lim Chye Ing , Reddy Mohan M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIonogels have established themselves as an intriguing type of composites, owing to their distinctive properties, including superior thermal stability, non‐flammability, tunable electrochemical stability window, and high ionic conductivity. Hybrid materials based on ionic liquids (ionogels) are held together by interfaces arising out of intermolecular interactions, including electrostatic, van der Waals, solvophobic, steric, and hydrogen bonding. The interfaces within the ionic liquid (ILs) and its multifaceted interplay with the encapsulating matrix greatly influence the physicochemical and electronic/ionic interactions within the composite resulting in exceptional characteristics, allowing for the design of ionogels for targeted applications. Though ionogels have shown superior properties comparable to neat ILs, they still exhibit relatively low mechanical strength, limiting their application in several practical technologies. Simultaneous enhancement of mechanical durability while retaining high ionic conductivity is indispensable, which requires understanding interfaces and related influencing parameters. This review provides a synergetic comprehension, focusing on the interactive forces and factors affecting the conductivity, stability, and robustness of ionogels. Correlating with interfaces, several strategies, including the implications of nanofiller incorporation on the electromechanical properties of ionogel, are also elaborated. Finally, a primer is provided on the application of ionogels in sensors and energy harvesting technologies.
Size Selection and Size‐Dependent Optoelectronic and Electrochemical Properties of 2D Titanium Carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene
Authors: Hantanasirisakul Kanit , Chantaurai Treepat , Limsukhon Apichanont , Chomkhuntod Praeploy , Poprom Phuri , Sawangphruk Montree 
Published: October 2022

Abstract2D materials produced via liquid‐phase exfoliation commonly exhibit broad size and thickness distributions, where size selection is required to obtain nanosheets with desired dimensions and properties. Here, size selection of 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene is systematically performed using liquid cascade centrifugation (LCC) and sedimentation‐based separation (SBS) techniques. Based on statistical atomic force and electron microscopy analyses, it is found that the SBS technique offers stronger separation power compared to the LCC technique with an expense of lower yield. Moreover, predominantly monolayer MXene flakes are obtained after centrifugation at low speeds (≤ 3000 rpm) for 15 min for both techniques. Films fabricated from large MXene flakes with the average flake length of 4.2 µm show high electrical figure of merit of 7.8 and improved rate performance as a cathode in Zn‐ion capacitor. This work serves as a guideline for choosing size selection techniques and conditions for MXene processing to obtain flakes with certain sizes and desired properties.
Antibiofouling Performance of a Metal‐Organic Gel Based on 2‐Amino‐5‐Mercapto‐1,3,4‐Thiadiazole and CuI
Authors: Zhang Liu‐Qin , Li Hua‐Li , Zhang Xiao‐Hu , Li Qiu‐Ping , Luo Shu‐Wen , Liu Fa‐Qian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMetal–organic gels or metallogels (MOGs), which usually made up with metal ions and organic ligands, are promising in the area of medicine, environment, and biology. Herein, a new metal–organic gel containing Cu+(Cu‐MOG‐5) is prepared at room temperature using 2‐amino‐5‐mercapto‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole (AMT) and CuI. Considering the excellent low surface energy characteristics of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), the as‐prepared Cu‐MOG‐5 is infused into porous PDMS to obtain Cu‐MOG‐5/PDMS coating, which combines the bactericidal properties of Cu+containing hydrogels and the low surface energy of PDMS. The morphology of the Cu‐MOG‐5 and Cu‐MOG‐5/PDMS coating is investigated by FE‐SEM, and the structure of the new Cu‐MOG‐5 is verified by FT‐IR,1H NMR, XPS, EDS, and elemental analysis. The antibiofouling properties are assessed usingEscherichia coli(E. coli) and mussel. The results show that the newly prepared Cu‐MOG‐5/PDMS coating exhibits superior antibiofouling performance because of the synchronous action of hydrogel including Cu+and PDMS.
Threshold Voltage Control in Dual‐Gate Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Tseng Hsin , Weissbach Anton , Kucinski Juzef , Solgi Ali , Nair Rakesh , Bongartz Lukas M. , Ciccone Giuseppe , Cucchi Matteo , Leo Karl , Kleemann Hans 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOrganic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) based on Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) are a benchmark system in organic bioelectronics. In particular, the superior mechanical properties and the ionic‐electronic transduction yield excellent potential for the field of implantable or wearable sensing technology. However, depletion‐mode operation PEDOT:PSS‐based OECTs cause high static power dissipation in electronic circuits, limiting their application in electronic systems. Hence, having control over the threshold voltage is of utmost technological importance. Here, PEDOT:PSS‐based dual‐gate OECTs with solid‐state electrolyte where the threshold voltage is seamlessly adjustable during operation are demonstrated. It is shown that the degree of threshold voltage tuning linearly depends on the gate capacitance, which is a straightforward approach for circuit designers to adjust the threshold voltage only by the device dimensions. The PEDOT:PSS‐based dual‐gate OECTs show excellent device performance and can be pushed to accumulation‐mode operation, resulting in a simplified and relaxed design of complementary inverters.
Toward Advanced High‐k and Electrode Thin Films for DRAM Capacitors via Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Kim Se Eun , Sung Ju Young , Jeon Jae Deock , Jang Seo Young , Lee Hye Min , Moon Sang Mo , Kang Jun Goo , Lim Han Jin , Jung Hyung‐Suk , Lee Sang Woon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDynamic random access memories (DRAMs) are currently used as the core memory in computing systems because of their high speed and density. Their demand should continue to grow owing to increased data usage. A unit cell in a DRAM consists of one transistor and one capacitor, and the data are stored in the capacitor. As the size of the unit cell decreases to improve the memory density by aggressive scaling, it is important to secure sufficient capacitance in the capacitor. In this regard, technological advances in the fabrication of capacitors are of great importance; accordingly, the materials and processing of high‐k thin films require developmental innovations. Besides, it is necessary to develop electrode materials that optimize the function of high‐k thin films. In this review, recent advances in achieving sufficient capacitance in DRAM capacitors are summarized from structural and material/process perspectives, and the future direction of DRAM capacitor development is discussed. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a key technique that enables the growth of functional thin films for DRAM capacitors; thus, recent advances in the deposition of high‐k and electrode thin films grown using the ALD technique are addressed.
A Global Phase‐Modulation Mechanism for Flat‐Lens Design
Authors: Zhang Xin , Hu Yanwen , Zhang Xiliang , Zhu Siqi , Yin Hao , Li Zhen , Chen Zhenqiang , Fu Shenhe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFlat lens also known as metasurface lens is drawing considerable attention nowadays. Thus far, the metasurface lens has been achieved by engineering local phase profile in deep subwavelength scale according to resonant or non‐resonant (or both) responses of nanoscatters to light. Such local phase mappings require precise control over each nanoscatter. In addition, there is currently no metasurface lens that exhibits multiple functionalities. Here, a novel working mechanism, named as a global phase‐modulation mechanism, for the flat‐lens design is demonstrated. To illustrate this concept, a binary amplitude‐only hologram is introduced, resulted from an interference between an angular cosine wave and a spherical wave. The resultant flat lens can be made extremely thin (60 nm) and is comprised of spatially shaped apertures. Such a technique allows to globally manipulate the diffractive wave vectors in the reciprocal space. Multiple focusing performances with a single flat lens are demonstrated under different illumination beams including the plane‐wave beam, vortex beam, and vector beam. In addition to imaging, the flat lens is able to Fourier transforming a complex self‐accelerating Airy beam, which was not considered before. The presented global mechanism facilitates new capabilities and holds for multifunctional flat lens, with potential applications in areas such as imaging and optical information processing.
Potassium Titanate Supported Atomically Dispersed Palladium for Catalytic Oxidation
Authors: Zhou Li , He Shuren , Xu Xiaohong , Li Guangwu , Jia Chuancheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts based on noble metals provide efficient atomic utilization along with enhanced reactivity. Herein, a convenient strategy to construct atomically dispersed palladium catalyst on layered potassium titanate (KTO), which has enhanced interaction between the TiO6 layer and the palladium atoms, is presented. Due to the presence of K+ ions in the interlayers of KTO, the TiO6 octahedron layers have negative charge, which increases the interaction between Pd atoms and the substrate, thus preventing their agglomeration. In addition, the provision of charge of K+ ion makes the molecular oxygen in the system easier to be activated and promotes catalytic oxidation activity.
Digital Light Processing 3D‐Printed Silica Aerogel and as a Versatile Host Framework for High‐Performance Functional Nanocomposites
Authors: Zou Weizhi , Wang Zhen , Qian Zhenchao , Xu Jian , Zhao Ning 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVat‐photopolymerization‐based 3D printing enables on‐demand construction of customized objects with scalable production capacity and high precision. Herein, the sol‐gel process for aerogels with digital light processing 3D printing to produce advanced functional materials possessing hierarchical pore structures and complex shapes is combined. It has revealed the temporal evolution of the photorheological behavior of acrylate‐modified silica sols in an acid‐base catalytic procedure, and confirmed that silica aerogels can be fabricated with very low acrylate content. The resulting aerogels are thermostable with intrinsic silica contents, skeletal densities, and physical characteristics similar to those of commercial silica aerogels yet distinct mechanical behaviors. More importantly, the printed silica aerogels can be used as a versatile nanoengineering platform to produce high‐performance and multifunctional interpenetrating phase nanocomposites with complex shapes through programmable post‐printing processes. Epoxy‐based nanocomposites possessing excellent mechanical performance, ionogel‐based conductive nanocomposites with decoupled electrical and mechanical properties, and anti‐swelling hydrogel‐based nanocomposites are demonstrated. The results of this study offer new guidelines for the design and fabrication of novel materials by additive manufacturing.
Identifying syndromes in studies of structural birth defects: Guidance on classification and evaluation of potential impact
Authors: Benjamin Renata H. , Mitchell Laura E. , Scheuerle Angela E. , Langlois Peter H. , Canfield Mark A. , Drummond‐Borg Margaret , Nguyen Joanne M. , Agopian A. J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStructural birth defects that occur in infants with syndromes may be etiologically distinct from those that occur in infants in whom there is not a recognized pattern of malformations; however, population‐based registries often lack the resources to classify syndromic status via case reviews. We developed criteria to systematically identify infants with suspected syndromes, grouped by syndrome type and level of effort required for syndrome classification (e.g., text search). We applied this algorithm to the Texas Birth Defects Registry (TBDR) to describe the proportion of infants with syndromes delivered during 1999–2014. We also developed a bias analysis tool to estimate the potential percent bias resulting from including infants with syndromes in studies of risk factors. Among 207,880 cases with birth defects in the TBDR, 15% had suspected syndromes and 85% were assumed to be nonsyndromic, with a range across defect types from 28.5% (atrioventricular septal defects) to 98.9% (pyloric stenosis). Across hypothetical scenarios varying expected parameters (e.g., nonsyndromic proportion), the inclusion of syndromic cases in analyses resulted in up to 50.0% bias in prevalence ratios. In summary, we present a framework for identifying infants with syndromic conditions; implementation might harmonize syndromic classification across registries and reduce bias in association estimates.