bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Untch Michael , Fasching Peter A. , Haidinger Renate , Harbeck Nadia , Jackisch Christian , Lüftner Diana , Müller Volkmar , Schumacher-Wulf Eva , Würstlein Rachel , Thomssen Christoph 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOver the past few years, there have been many developments in the treatment of advanced breast cancer; these have been incorporated into national and international treatment guidelines,
resulting in an improved prognosis for these patients. The 6th International Consensus Conference for Advanced Breast Cancer (ABC6) was held in November 2021. The aim is to standardize the
treatment of advanced breast cancer based on a high level of evidence, and to make new treatment options accessible to all patients. In this article we discuss the ABC6 consensus in the
context of German treatment guidelines, and compare it with clinical practice in Germany. The authors refer to the current recommendations of the Breast Cancer Working Group for
Gynecological Oncology (AGO Mamma) published in March 2022. The AGO Breast Cancer Guidelines are updated annually. Since discrepancies between national and international guidelines can occur
due to country-specific regulations, this is a useful comparison to make. The German authors refer to the voting results of the ABC6 panelists from 6 November 2021.
Distinct gastric phenotype in patients with pathogenic variants in SMAD4: A nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Jelsig Anne Marie , Qvist Niels , Bertelsen Birgitte , Christensen Lise-Lotte , Grossjohan Hanne , Lautrup Charlotte Kvist , Sunde Lone , Tørring Pernille Mathiesen , Ljungman Ken , Christensen Louise Torp , Karstensen John Gásdal 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims In most patients with juvenile polyposis Syndrome, it is possible to detect a pathogenic germline variant in SMAD4 or BMPR1A. It is well known that patients with a pathogenic variant in SMAD4 have a higher risk of gastric polyposis and gastric cancer compared to BMPR1A carriers, but the natural history of gastric involvement is poorly described. We aimed to systematically review endoscopic and histopathological gastric findings in Danish patients with pathogenic variants in SMAD4.

Patients and methods This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study including endoscopic and histological gastric findings in all known Danish patients with pathogenic variants in SMAD4. The patients were identified by data from various registries as well as from clinical genetic departments and laboratories.
Results We identified 41 patients (2–72 years) with a pathogenic SMAD4 variant. In 31 patients, we were able to retrieve information on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Eighty-seven percent had at least one gastric abnormality including erythema (72 %) and edema (72 %). Half of the patients also had vulnerability of the mucosa and 68 % had gastric polyposis. An increasing frequency of abnormalities were observed with increasing age. Gastric cancer was diagnosed in 5 % of the cases and 22 % had a gastrectomy mainly because of massive polyposis.
Conclusions This study showed that most patients with pathogenic SMAD4 variants have a distinct phenotype of the gastric mucosa, and with an increasing severity in the elderly patients. These findings provide new insights into the natural history of gastric manifestations in patients with pathogenic SMAD4 variants.
Evidence-Based Treatment of Severe Psoriasis by Individualised Homoeopathy: Case Reports
Authors: Gupta Sapna , Nair Ashwini , Rana Manoj Kumar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic skin disease with manifestations in skin, nails and joints. The disease usually runs a long course of remission and relapses, and is usually worse in winters. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score above 15 is considered to be an independent criterion for classifying a case as severe psoriasis. The conventional systemic therapy controls the symptoms but is costly and has known adverse effects. Individualised homoeopathic treatment has a potential role in providing safe and cost-effective treatment in psoriasis. In this article, three cases of severe psoriasis vulgaris treated with Homoeopathy at Bakson Homoeopathic Medical College and hospital are presented. Two cases were under treatment for a period of 20 months and one case received treatment for 24 months. Significant reduction (60–100%) in PASI score was observed with individualised homoeopathic treatment.
Analysis of the influence of electromagnetic interference of transmission lines on the data quality and positioning accuracy of Beidou deformation monitoring
Authors: Mao Xiaopo , Feng Zhiqiang , Deng Xiaoguo , Yu Zhijun , He Dongsheng 
Published: September 2022

In this paper, aiming at the application of geological disaster monitoring of transmission lines, by analyzing the data quality and positioning accuracy of Beidou original observation data, the influence of the electromagnetic environment of transmission lines on Beidou satellite monitoring data is obtained. According to the Beidou monitoring data of 500 kV transmission line for 23 days, the analysis results show that: in the case of strong electromagnetic interference/no electromagnetic interference, the difference of data integrity is less than 1%, the difference of multipath effect is less than 0.1 m, the difference of signal-to-noise ratio is less than 0.3 dB Hz, and the difference of cycle hop ratio is less than 150. The relative difference in positioning accuracy is less than 5%. In general, the electromagnetic environment of transmission lines has no significant impact on the data quality and positioning accuracy of Beidou deformation monitoring.
A novel L-band metamaterial slow wave structure with low space charge effect and high field uniformity
Authors: Ling Junpu , Pi Mingyao , He Yufang , He Juntao , Wang Lei 
Published: September 2022

A novel L-band metamaterial slow wave structure with a weak space charge effect and high field uniformity is proposed. The slow wave structure is composed of two identical all-metal resonant elements. In order to weaken the space charge effect, a long drift tube is adopted as a metal joint, connecting the front periodic unit with the rear one. Moreover, the novel metamaterial structure exhibits higher field uniformity by rotating one of the resonant elements 45° relative to the other. Electromagnetic calculation indicates that the average fluctuation in the electric field dropped from 3% to 0.5%. Based on the novel metamaterial slow wave structure, an L-band Cerenkov oscillator model is built, and a preliminary particle-in-cell simulation is carried out. Under the condition of an acceleration voltage of 500 kV, beam current of 8 kA, and magnetic field of 1 T, a 1.64 GW average output microwave power at 1.30 GHz is obtained. The corresponding conversion efficiency is 41%. The simulation results prove the advantages of the metamaterial Cerenkov oscillator, such as low magnetic field, low impedance, miniaturization, and high conversion efficiency.
Coffee plantations can strongly sequester soil organic carbon at high altitudes in Brazil
Authors: França Emmeline M. , Silva Carlos A. , Zinn Yuri L. 
Published: September 2022

Context Soil organic carbon (SOC) affects all soil-based environmental services, and can be readily depleted upon cultivation. SOC concentrations are often higher in mountains than in lowlands due to lower temperatures slowing microbial activity and organic decomposition. However, the effects of altitudinal differences on SOC changes upon cultivation are mostly unknown. Aims We posed the question: when cultivated, are high-SOC mountain soils more likely to be depleted or are more stable under lower temperatures? Methods We assessed SOC concentrations and stocks (to a 40 cm depth) under comparable native forest and coffee (Coffea arabica L.) stands, both at two different altitudes (940 and 1260 m a.s.l.) along a mountain range in Brazil. The two soils were Inceptisols with similar 11° slope, and under native forests showed strong acidity, low fertility and cation exchange capacity. Key results Mean SOC concentrations under forests were relatively high, varying between 4.3% (0–5 cm depth) and 1.05% (20–40 cm depth) and were not significantly affected by altitude. The effects of cultivation varied with altitude: at 940 m, SOC concentrations decreased under coffee at the 0–5 cm depth, but increased below 10 cm depth at 1260 m, when compared to the native forest control. Conclusions SOC stocks under native forest and coffee stands were similar at 940 m, but the SOC stock under coffee stands at 1260 m increased by ca. 30 Mg ha−1. Implications These results are a promising indication that well-managed coffee stands can preserve or sequester SOC in higher altitudes, thus suggesting tropical mountain range soils are not highly susceptible to SOC losses upon conversion to perennial crops.
Automatic analysis of caregiver input and child production
Authors: Shin Gyu-Ho 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The present study explores the applicability of Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to investigate child
corpora in Korean. We employ caregiver input and child production data in the CHILDES database, currently the largest and
open-access Korean child corpus data, and apply NLP techniques to the data in two ways: automatic Part-of-Speech tagging by
adapting a machine learning algorithm, and (semi-)automatic extraction of constructional patterns expressing a transitive event
(active transitive and suffixal passive). As the first empirical report on NLP-assisted analysis of Korean child corpora, this
study is expected to reveal its advantages and drawbacks, thereby opening the window to furthering corpus-mediated research on
child language development in Korean. Implications of this study’s findings will also contribute to research practice regarding
developmental studies on Korean through child corpora, ensuring the reproducibility of procedures and results, which is often
lacking in previous corpus-based research on child language development in Korean.
Food waste and associated carbon footprint: evidence from Chinese universities
Authors: Qian Long , Rao Qingling , Liu Hongbo , McCarthy Breda , Liu Li Xian , Wang Lingen 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
In recent years, there has been widespread concern regarding the carbon footprint (CF) of food waste due to the key impact of CF on climate change, particularly as China’s food waste is rising with its economic development. China has the largest scale of higher education in the world, and the amount of food waste in university canteens is considerable and cannot be ignored. This study attempts to assess the carbon footprint (CF) of food waste at Chinese universities for the first time based on a national survey. It is estimated that 1.55 million tons of food were wasted in Chinese university canteens in 2018, based on 9,192 samples covering 29 provinces in China. The associated CF was 2.51 Mt CO2eq. The top two food categories contributing to the total CF were meat and grains, accounting for 46.28% and 36.52%, respectively. Furthermore, the location of the university was significantly associated with the CF of plate waste. It also indicated that household income, meal satisfaction, sex, education, meal days, and food-saving campaigns were important factors influencing the CF of food waste. This study highlights areas that can help reduce the environmental impact of plate waste. It also provides targeted measures to reduce the associated CF of food waste in Chinese universities.
Discreet fermenters: Community organising, professional ethos, and ‘grassroots lobbying’ in Chicago
Authors: Petitjean Clément 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Community organising in the United States is often hailed for its ability to enhance the public visibility and political influence of marginalised social actors. This article contends that discreet. Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Chicago, the article demonstrates that discretion is a core element in community organisers’ professional ethos of stepping back behind the volunteer, often low-income community spokespersons that they select, train and advise. The article then shows how organisers’ professionally-powered fermentation work unfolds through state-level grassroots lobbying, in a complex dialectic between discretion and visibility, between accommodating with the rules of the game and subverting them.
Weyl double copy and massless free-fields in curved spacetimes
Authors: Han Shanzhong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In spinor formalism, since any massless free-field spinor with spin higher than 1/2 can be constructed with spin-1/2 spinors (Dirac–Weyl (DW) spinors) and scalars, we introduce a map between Weyl fields and DW fields. We determine the corresponding DW spinors in a given empty spacetime. Regarding them as basic units, other higher spin massless free-field spinors are then identified. Along this way, we find some hidden fundamental features related to these fields. In particular, for non-twisting vacuum Petrov type N solutions, we show that all higher spin massless free-field spinors can be constructed with one type of DW spinor and the zeroth copy. Furthermore, we systematically rebuild the Weyl double copy for non-twisting vacuum type N and vacuum type D solutions. Moreover, we show that the zeroth copy not only connects the gravity fields with a single copy but also connects the degenerate Maxwell fields with the DW fields in the curved spacetime, both for type N and type D cases. Besides, we extend the study to non-twisting vacuum type III solutions. We find a particular DW scalar independent of the proposed map and whose square is proportional to the Weyl scalar. A degenerate Maxwell field and an auxiliary scalar field are then identified. Both of them play similar roles as the Weyl double copy. The result further inspires us that there is a deep connection between gravity theory and gauge theory.
Experimental investigation of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet as an ion source for on-site mass-spectrometry analysis of nonvolatile solid samples: the integration effect of thermal desorption and ionization
Authors: Liu Kun , Zhang Xiaohan , Zhou Xiongfeng , Huo Xinming , Wang Xiaohao , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This work reported an air atmospheric pressure plasma jet served as an ion source for nonvolatile solid analysis, which allows a unique capability to achieve thermal desorption and ionization simultaneously without complex devices, inert gas, or solvents. Owing to precise amount of heat generated by plasma jet, nonvolatile analytes were thermally released from solid surfaces without the assistance of secondary desorption equipment. According to the mass spectra and Fourier transform infrared spectrum, [M + H]+ and [M + NO3]− ions were the major analyte ions in the positive-ion and negative-ion modes, respectively. The applied voltages, discharge currents, and gas temperatures of plasma jet were measured, and found to be positively correlated with the mass spectra signal intensity of the samples, while the added resistances and gas flow rate were negatively correlated with the signal intensity. The influence mechanisms of analytes natures coupling physical parameters of plasma jet on detection performance were revealed. The prospect of quantitative testing was confirmed by the linear relationship between the peak intensity and sample mass.
Mechanism for the induction and enhancement of inclusions on crack source and simulation analysis for hot tearing tendency of aluminum alloy
Authors: You Kai , Rao Lei , Wen Jiaying , Dong Yunpeng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Inclusions are typical discontinuous defects, those defects significantly reduce the local mechanical properties of castings during solidification, and play a strong role in inducing and enhancing hot tearing in alloys. Based on the coupling characterization of micro solidification morphology and macro inclusions, this paper proposed a construction method of heterogeneous model containing multi-scale information, and carried out dynamic analysis on the evolution process of stress field at the end of solidification, so as to investigate the influence mechanism of inclusions on the initiation and propagation of hot tearing. The results showed that inclusions and their local content significantly changed the stress field at the end of solidification, which easily resulted in local stress concentration and induced crack source in defects area. During the crack propagation, nearby inclusions greatly reduced the propagation resistance and promoted the formation of hot tearing, which had significant impact on the propagation path of hot tearing. Introducing inclusions defect into stress analysis and comprehensively considering the induction and enhancement of inclusions on hot tearing can better improves the prediction accuracy of hot tearing, which has engineering guiding significance for casting process optimization and product quality control.
Polymer nanocarriers for targeted local delivery of agents in treating brain tumors
Authors: Josowitz Alexander D , Bindra Ranjit S , Saltzman W Mark 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the deadliest brain cancer, presents a multitude of challenges to the development of new therapies. The standard of care has only changed marginally in the past 17 years, and few new chemotherapies have emerged to supplant or effectively combine with temozolomide. Concurrently, new technologies and techniques are being investigated to overcome the pharmacokinetic challenges associated with brain delivery, such as the blood brain barrier (BBB), tissue penetration, diffusion, and clearance in order to allow for potent agents to successful engage in tumor killing. Alternative delivery modalities such as focused ultrasound and convection enhanced delivery allow for the local disruption of the BBB, and the latter in particular has shown promise in achieving broad distribution of agents in the brain. Furthermore, the development of polymeric nanocarriers to encapsulate a variety of cargo, including small molecules, proteins, and nucleic acids, have allowed for formulations that protect and control the release of said cargo to extend its half-life. The combination of local delivery and nanocarriers presents an exciting opportunity to address the limitations of current chemotherapies for GBM toward the goal of improving safety and efficacy of treatment. However, much work remains to establish standard criteria for selection and implementation of these modalities before they can be widely implemented in the clinic. Ultimately, engineering principles and nanotechnology have opened the door to a new wave of research that may soon advance the stagnant state of GBM treatment development.
A comparative study of the performance of methods for f-wave extraction
Authors: Mihandoost Sara , Sörnmo Leif , Doyen Matthieu , Oster Julien 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective. This study proposes a novel technique for atrial fibrillatory waves (f-waves) extraction and investigates the performance of the proposed method comparing with different f-wave extraction methods. Approach. We propose a novel technique combining a periodic component analysis (PiCA) and echo state network (ESN) for f-waves extraction, denoted PiCA-ESN. PiCA-ESN benefits from the advantages of using both source separation and nonlinear adaptive filtering. PiCA-ESN is evaluated by comparing with other state-of-the-art approaches, which include template subtraction technique based on principal component analysis, spatiotemporal cancellation, nonlinear adaptive filtering using an echo state neural network, and a source separation technique based on PiCA. Quality assessment is performed on a recently published reference database including a large number of simulated ECG signals in atrial fibrillation (AF). The performance of the f-wave extraction methods is evaluated in terms of signal quality metrics (SNR, ΔSNR) and robustness of f-wave features. Main results. The proposed method offers the best signal quality performance, with a ΔSNR of approximately 22 dB across all 8 sets of the reference database, as well as the most robust extraction of f-wave features, with 75% of all estimates of dominant atrial frequency well below 1 Hz.
Carotid Doppler ultrasound for non-invasive haemodynamic monitoring: a narrative review
Authors: Suriani Irene , van Houte Joris , de Boer Esmée C , van Knippenberg Luuk , Manzari Sabina , Mischi Massimo , Bouwman R Arthur 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective. Accurate haemodynamic monitoring is the cornerstone in the management of critically ill patients. It guides the optimization of tissue and organ perfusion in order to prevent multiple organ failure. In the past decades, carotid Doppler ultrasound (CDU) has been explored as a non-invasive alternative for long-established invasive haemodynamic monitoring techniques. Considering the large heterogeneity in reported studies, we conducted a review of the literature to clarify the current status of CDU as a haemodynamic monitoring tool. Approach. In this article, firstly an overview is given of the equipment and workflow required to perform a CDU exam in clinical practice, the limitations and technical challenges potentially faced by the CDU sonographer, and the cerebrovascular mechanisms that may influence CDU measurement outcomes. The following chapter describes alternative techniques for non-invasive haemodynamic monitoring, detailing advantages and limitations compared to CDU. Next, a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the use of CDU for haemodynamic monitoring is presented. Furthermore, feasibility aspects, training requirements and technical developments of CDU are addressed. Main results. Based on the outcomes of these studies, we assess the applicability of CDU-derived parameters within three clinical domains (cardiac output, volume status, and fluid responsiveness), and amongst different patient groups. Finally, recommendations are provided to improve the quality and standardization of future research and clinical practice in this field. Significance. Although CDU is not yet interchangeable with invasive ‘gold standard’ cardiac output monitoring, the present work shows that certain CDU-derived parameters prove promising in the context of functional haemodynamic monitoring.
A bi-stable soft robotic bendable module driven by silicone dielectric elastomer actuators: design, characterization, and parameter study
Authors: Baltes Matthias , Kunze Julian , Prechtl Johannes , Seelecke Stefan , Rizzello Gianluca 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel concept for a planar soft robotic module actuated by smart artificial muscles. The structure consists of a flexible backbone capable of continuously bending along a plane, and having a rigid plate connected to its top. The actuation is provided by an antagonist-agonist pair of artificial muscle fibers, consisting of silicone-based rolled dielectric elastomer actuator (RDEA) membranes connected to the rigid top plate. When actuated via high voltage, the RDEAs expand and, in turn, cause the structure to bend along a desired direction. The novel prototype concept is described in detail first, and systematic parameter studies are conducted afterwards by means of a physics-based model. Then, an experimental prototype is manufactured and tested, with the aim of validating the dependency of the bending angle performance on the system design parameters. We demonstrate that the bending angle is strongly affected by the choice of the flexible beam geometry, as well as the RDEAs mounting points. It is found that, for some combinations of parameters, the buckling instability of the beam can be suitably triggered by the RDEAs, resulting in large bending angles up to 25°. This feature also allows to keep the robot deformed without supplying any electric power. In contrast, parameters corresponding to mono-stable configurations result in a maximum bending angle of 11° only.