bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification of food additive titanium dioxide (TiO 2 E171) with honey and thyme
Authors: Said Alaa Hassan , Ahmed Hager Youssef , Ibrahim I. H. , Sallam Abdelsattar M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a distinguished semiconductor that is used as a coloring agent in many products including paints, plastics, papers, cosmetic creams, and food products. In the food industry TiO2 is Labelled as E171 according to the European Union legislation and it is used in many products such as sugar confectionery, chewing gums, candies, some cheeses and sauces, low-fat products such as skimmed milk, ice creams, and pastries with a percentage up to 3.88 mg of TiO2 per g of product. According to the literature, around 36% of TiO2 E171 particles are nanoparticles (NPs), which can cross the intestinal barrier reach the blood circulation then accumulate in the liver, spleen, kidneys, and lung tissues resulting in serious damage to these organs. The aim of this study is to use honey and thyme as natural coating materials to enhance the biocompatibility of three types of TiO2 E171 (anatase, rutile, and food grade). The physiochemical characteristics and bioactivity of TiO2 E171 before and after modification with honey and thyme were measured. The obtained results demonstrate that the modification of TiO2 E171 with honey and thyme didn’t alter its physicochemical properties and the modified TiO2 E171 showed higher antioxidant activity and lower toxicity.
Chinese Technical Terminology Extraction by Using DC-value and Information Entropy
Authors: Liwei Zhang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
China's technology is developing rapidly, and the number of patent applications has surged. Therefore, there is an urgent need for technical managers and researchers that how to apply computer technology to conduct in-depth mining and analysis of lots of Chinese patent documents to efficiently use patent information, perform technological innovation and avoid R&D risks. Automatic term extraction is the basis of patent mining and analysis, but many existing approaches focus on extracting domain terms in English, which are difficult to extend to Chinese due to the distinctions between Chinese and English languages. At the same time, some common Chinese technical terminology extraction methods focus on the high-frequency characteristics, while technical domain correlation characteristic and the unithood feature of terminology are given less attention. Aimed at these problems, this paper proposes a Chinese technical terminology method based on DC-value and information entropy to achieve automatic extraction of technical terminology in Chinese patents. The empirical results show that the presented algorithm can effectively extract the technical terminology in Chinese patent literatures and has a better performance than the C-value method, the log-likelihood ratio method and the mutual information method, which has theoretical significance and practical application value.
The clinical characteristics of 541 fully vaccinated hospitalized COVID-19 patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Turkey
Authors: toker ayşin kılınç , Özdemir Ayşe Turunç , Yüksel Recep Civan , Eren Esma Eryilmaz , Çelik İlhami , Toker ibrahim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to examine the characteristics of Turkish patients hospitalized with COVID-19 despite being fully vaccinated.
Method
A retrospective, single-center study was conducted in fully vaccinated patients with inactivated whole virion (CoronaVac) and or BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccines and admitted to the hospital. We evaluated the hospitalized patients regarding the intensive care unit admission and death.
Results
We conducted the study with 541 patients. The mean age was 70.2, and 52.1% of the patients were women. 73.6% of the patients were 65 years or older. The most common comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and COPD. The rate of the alpha variant was 54.3%, and the delta variant was 29.4%. The mortality rate was 45.8%, and the ICU admission rate was 55.3%. In our study, the delta variant had higher ICU admission, and the alpha variant had a higher mortality rate. Patients vaccinated with two-dose Sinovac-CoronaVac had a higher mortality rate. There was no difference between the time between the last vaccination dose to hospitalization, ICU admission, and mortality. LOS in the hospital was longer in ICU and mortality patients.
Conclusion
Our results suggest administering a third and fourth dose of mRNA vaccine to subjects vaccinated primarily with two doses of CoronaVac.
Real-Time Stock Market Trend Window Using XPath and Html Agility Pack
Authors: saeed mariwan hama 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The real-time stock market involves capturing, processing, and providing data in a light and efficient way. Several methods for getting stock market data have been utilized with limited functions. In developing countries such as Iraq, exchange shops and satellite channels do not have a reliable method for getting stock market prices in Iraqi dinars. In this paper, I try to solve the issue by proposing an accurate Real-Time Stock Market Trend Window Using XPath and Html Agility Pack. The trend window shows stock prices of metals, energy, and currencies simultaneously in Iraqi dinars and in three different languages.
Methods
XPath, which stands for XML Path Language, and Html Agility Pack are used for bringing real-time stock market data into a stock market window. The trend window is designed by using C# for its front-end and back-end designs and SQL Server for its data warehouse.
Results
Currencies, metals, and energy prices are displayed simultaneously in a stock market trend window. Every ten seconds, the trend window is refreshing to show the latest prices.
Conclusion
The window shows the currencies, metals, and energy prices continuously in Iraqi dinars and in three different languages. It can be used in developing countries by Stock traders, satellite channels, and anyone who needs or is interested to know the prices of the stock markets. Future research might include more improvements to the trend window to have extra features.
Lake Atotonilco morphology and first approach to its ecological volume
Authors: Meza-Rodriguez Demetrio , de Anda José , Shear Harvey 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Lake Atotonilco is a shallow saline waterbody located in the center-west portion of Mexico. The lake is in the low plain of an endorheic watershed. it is shallow with a large area of surrounding wetlands and is a refuge for dozens of native and migratory waterfowl. Its extremely flat morphometric features coupled with the precipitation and runoff regime from the watershed cause significant changes in the lake surface area and storage volume throughout the year. In recent years, the lake has behaved as an intermittent lake, remaining practically dry in June and reaching its highest storage volume in October. An ecological water volume that the lake must have to support its biodiversity was estimated. This minimum lake storage volume can only be achieved if public policies are implemented to rationalize the use of water resources in the basin and to protect the few forest areas that remain in the watershed.
Antimicrobial properties of PLA membranes loaded with pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) essential oil applied in simulated cream cheese packaging
Authors: Fontes Milena Ramos Vaz , Contessa Camila Ramão , Moraes Caroline Costa , Zavareze Elessandra da Rosa , Dias Alvaro Renato Guerra 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Ultrafine fiber membranes of polylactic acid (PLA) 8% (w/v) loaded with pink pepper essential oil (PPEO) in 10, 20 and 30% (v/v) were produced and evaluated for antimicrobial potential against the bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. The membranes were applied in simulated cream cheese packaging and characterized by morphological, thermal, structural, antimicrobial and wettability analysis. The addition of PPEO reduced the diameter of fibers and increased the initial degradation temperature in relation to pure PPEO. The ultrafine membranes had hydrophobic character. The PPEO presented myrcene as major component and had antimicrobial action for S. aureus and L. monocytogenes. The membranes applied to the cream cheese packaging showed inhibitory effect on the 21st day of storage, for L. monocytogenes. For S. aureus, the membranes inhibited the growth of the colonies on days 14 and 21, with reductions of 30 and 62%, respectively.
Novel biomimetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles system possessed targetability and immune synergy to promote solid tumor immuno- chemotherapy efficacy
Authors: Zhang Renwen , Zhu Haoran , Yi Xinfeng , Fu Qianqian , Fu Yuanyue , Liu Yang , Huang Zerong , Zhu Kairui , Hou Huige , Sun Chenghong , Zhong Cheng , Liu Wei , Li Zhizhong , Wang Baocheng , Wo Jin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
New strategies enhancing both targetability of chemotherapy drugs and synergistic effects of chemotherapy and immunotherapy remain a major challenge for the solid tumor therapy. In this research, a novel biomimetic nanoparticle system possessed function of tumor targeting and immune synergy was designed to accomplish the above requirements. The membranes was coated on mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with chemotherapy drugs named doxorubicin (DOX); and it was modified by the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored anti-HER2 single chain variable fragment (scFv) and the GPI anchored co-stimulatory molecule CD80 to promote solid tumor targeted chemotherapy and cooperated immunotherapy, respectively. The effects of as-prepared nano therapeutic system in both tumor targeted chemotherapy and collaborated cellular immune response were investigated through in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results showed that the novel biomimetic therapeutic system can significantly promote antitumor efficiency in vitro and in vivo experiments. Besides, this therapeutic system further enhances antitumor capacity by increasing the CD8+ T-cell activation and the cytokine production and reducing the myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) levels in tumors.
Scale effect of corneal adhesion: from solid to membrane
Authors: Yang Jiajin , Ren Qiaomei , Zhao Dong , Gao Zhipeng , Li Xiaona , He Rui , Chen Weiyi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The adhesion behavior is usually happened in the cornea related to the clinical treatments. Physiologically, an intact natural cornea is inflated by the intraocular pressure. Due to the inflation, the physiological cornea appears the mechanical property likeness to membrane. This characteristic is ignored by the classical theory used to analyze the adhesion behavior of soft solids, such as the Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) model. Performing the pull-off test, this work evidenced that the classical JKR solution was suitable to calculate the corneal adhesion force when the related contact area was in a smaller size of submillimeter scale. However, when the cornea was contacted in a greater size of millimeter scale, the JKR solutions were clearly smaller than the related experimental data. This error was complemented through modifying the classical JKR model. The modified-JKR model, in this study, was superimposed by the contribution from the surface tension related to the characteristic of membrane. Through the modified-JKR model, the scale effect of the corneal adhesion was realized to describe using a unified theory.
Magnetic Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of High Silicon Quenched and Tempered SteelJ N Mohapatra* D. Satish Kumar and G. Balachandran
Authors: Mohapatra J N , Dabbiru S K , Balachandran G 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A low carbon (0.17% C) TRIP assisted steel with 1.35%Si, 1.72%Mn, microalloyed with Nb and Ti was subjected to two different hardening and tempering heat treatments. One set of samples were quenched in water after austenitization at 920 oC to generate > 98% martensite while another set was austenitized in the inter critical temperature of 810 oC to generate about 50% ferrite along with > 48% martensite with retained austenite in both the sets, tempered in the temperature range between 150 and 650 oC. Samples hardened and tempered from 920 oC show a fully tempered martensite microstructure while the samples hardened from 810 oC, shows significant ferrite coexisting with tempered martensite. In both conditions, superior mechanical properties is observed when the tempering temperature is less than 300 oC, where the tensile toughness exceeded 20 GPa.%. The introduction of intercritical ferrite in tempered martensite enhanced the ductility of the steel significantly. High Si in the steel, shifts the tempered martensite embrittlement to higher temperatures and the Si suppresses the carbide formation and retains austenite laths, within the tempered martensite that enhances properties. Magnetic hysteresis loop measurements were carried out at each stage and magnetic coercivity was correlated with the tensile strength showed a strong correlation indicating precise non-destructive magnetic evaluation of tensile strength through a portable magnetic hysteresis loop tester.
Small molecule nonsense mediated mRNA decay and MDM2-p53 inhibitors synergistically induce apoptosis in cervical cancer cells
Authors: Li Ying , Cui Jingyi , Zhang Lili , Wan Li , Li Hexin , Zhang Lanxin , Sun Gaoyuan , Huang Wei , Zhang Junhua , Zou Lihui , Su Fei , Tang Min , Xiao Fei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway and p53 pathway, which play important roles in RNA quality control and cancer suppression respectively, are tightly related to tumorigenesis, and both are promising targets for tumor therapy. However, the impact of NMD inhibitor, p53-MDM2 inhibitor, and the combination of these two agents was poorly understood in cervical cancer.
Methods
Cell apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and the expression level of p53-target genes were evaluated the influence of NMD inhibitor and MDM2-p53 inhibitor treated alone or in combination on HPV-18 positive HeLa cells. Rescue experiments by E6* overexpression and RNA-seq were conducted to explore the molecular mechanism.
Results
The novel MDM2-p53 inhibitor, XR-2, did not activate p53 and thereby induced apoptosis in HeLa cells, whereas the NMD inhibitor (SMG1i) repressed cell proliferation at high concentrations. More importantly, the combination of these two agents significantly inhibited cell proliferation, arrest cell cycle progression, and induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, the combination treatment rose the level of hypoxia and unfolded protein response, which further increased cellular stress and led to cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, MDM2-p53 inhibitor and NMD inhibitor may act synergistically through the truncated E6 protein.
Conclusion
The universal synergistic effects between MDM2-p53 inhibitor and NMD inhibitor provide a potential candidate for the clinical treatment of HPV-infected tumors. However, further studies are required to elucidate the specific molecular mechanism.
Fake News Detection
Authors: Chawla Sahil , mamtani nitin , jadhav rohan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
– In today’s worlds where people are more reliable on the news which are available online as it's convenient for them. Fake news is one of the biggest new-age problems has the potential to mild opinions and influence decisions. The proliferation of fake news on social media and the Internet is deceiving people to an extent that needs to be stopped. The existing systems are inefficient in giving a precise statistical rating for any given news claim. Also, the restrictions on input and category of news make it less varied. This paper proposes a system that classifies unreliable news into different categories after computing an F-score. In this system, we’ve used Logistic Regression to classify fake news. The pre-processing functions perform some operations like tokenizing, n-grams, and exploratory data analysis. Simple Count Vectorization, TF-IDF is used as feature extraction techniques. The logistic regression and Multinomial model are used as a classifier for fake news detection with a probability of truth.
Predictors and histological effects of preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer and control of lateral lymph node metastasis
Authors: Miyakita Hiroshi , Chan Lin Fung , Okada Kazutake , Kayano Hajime , Mori Masaki , Sadahiro Sotaro , Yamamoto Seiichiro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
[Introduction] Standard treatment strategy for low rectal cancer in Japan is different from Western countries. Total mesorectum excision (TME) + lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) is mainly carried out in Japan, whereas neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) + TME is selected in Western countries. There is no clear definition of preoperative diagnosis of lateral lymph node metastasis. If we can predict lateral lymph node swelling that can be managed by nCRT from lateral lymph node swelling that require surgical resection, clinical benefit is significant. In the current study we assessed characteristics of the lateral lymph node recurrence (LLNR) and LLND that can be managed by nCRT.[Patients and Methods] Patients with low rectal cancer (n=168) underwent nCRT between 2009 and 2016. We evaluated CEA, neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet / lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lateral lymph node short axis pre and post nCRT, respectively, and also evaluated tumor shrinkage rate, tumor regression grade (TRG). We evaluated the relationship between each and LLNR. [Results] LLND was not carried out all patients. Factors associated with LLNR were PLR and lymph node short axis pre and post nCRT. (p=0.0269, 0.0278, p＜0.0001, p＜0.0001, respectively). Positive recurrence cut-off values of lateral lymph node short-axis calculated were 11.6 mm pre nCRT and 5.5 mm post nCRT. [Conclusion] Results suggest that PLR before and after CRT was associated with control of LLNR, and LLND should be performed on lateral lymph nodes with short-axis of 5 mm and 11 mm pre and post nCRT.
Gamma-aminobutyric Acid and Glutamate/Glutamine Levels in the Dentate Nucleus and Periaqueductal Gray With Episodic and Chronic Migraine: A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhang Xueyan , Bai Xiaoyan , Zhang Yingkui , Yuan Ziyu , Tang Hefei , Li Zhiye , Hu Zhangxuan , Zhang Yaqing , Yu Xueying , Sui Binbin , Wang Yonggang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: The pathogenesis of migraine chronification remains unclear. Functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown impaired functional and structural alterations in the brains of patients with chronic migraine. The cerebellum and periaqueductal gray (PAG) play pivotal roles in the neural circuits of pain conduction and analgesia in migraine. However, few neurotransmitter metabolism studies of these migraine-associated regions have been performed. To explore the pathogenesis of migraine chronification, we measured gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate/glutamine (Glx) levels in the dentate nucleus (DN) and PAG of patients with episodic and chronic migraine and healthy subjects. Methods: Using the MEGA-PRESS sequence and a 3-Tesla magnetic resonance scanner (Signa Premier; GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA), we obtained DN and PAG metabolite concentrations from patients with episodic migraine (n=25), those with chronic migraine (n=24), and age-matched and sex-matched healthy subjects (n=16). Patients with chronic migraine were further divided into those with (n=12) and without (n=12) medication overuse headache. All scans were performed at the Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University.Results: We found that patients with chronic migraine had significantly lower levels of GABA/water (p=0.011) and GABA/creatine (Cr) (p=0.026) in the DN and higher levels of Glx/water (p=0.049) in the PAG than healthy controls. In all patients with migraine, higher GABA levels in the PAG were significantly associated with poorer sleep quality (GABA/water: r=0.515, p=0.017, n=21; GABA/Cr: r=0.522, p=0.015, n=21). Additionally, a lower Glx/Cr ratio in the DN may be associated with more severe migraine disability (r=-0.425, p=0.055, n=20), and lower GABA/water (r=-0.424, p=0.062, n=20) and Glx/Water (r=-0.452, p=0.045, n=20) may be associated with poorer sleep quality. Conclusions: Neurochemical levels in the DN and PAG may provide evidence of the pathological mechanisms of migraine chronification. Correlations between migraine characteristics and neurochemical levels revealed the pathological mechanisms of the relevant characteristics.
Surfactant Modified Bentonite Characterization: Effects and Comparative Analysis
Authors: Parmar Samirsinh P , Patel Bhoomika S , Shukla Atindra , Dixit Manish 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Extensive soils can be found all over the world. The clay mineral montmorillonite is predominantly responsible for soil expansion. Because of their ability to shrink and swell with seasonal changes in moisture content, these expansive soils can cause significant damage to engineering construction. To stabilize the effects of swelling soil various ground improvement techniques, incorporate mineralogical modification of clays. The application of nanotechnology increased in past few years to deal with clay minerals as it possesses the same dimensional properties. To understand the behaviour of Nano modified clay, bentonite was selected as it represents the montmorillonite clay mineral. The characterization of surface-treated bentonite by nanomaterial was carried out. The study of physio-chemical properties and textural properties of surface-modified bentonite clay was carried out. Swelling pressure was evaluated by consolidometer test. With the advanced nanotechnology instrumentation technique, particle size analysis, zeta potential, wettability, contact angle, infra-red spectroscopy, rheological properties, BET surface area, pH values, XRD, TGA, etc was carried out for treated and untreated soil, so as to understand the comparative behaviour of surface modification. It was found that by using Nano surfactant, liquid limit and shrinkage limit reduced considerably. The increase in the quantity of surfactant increases the d-spacing. Thermal stability and particle size increase after surface treatment of bentonite clay. Soil reaches a visco-elastic state and BET surface area decreased after surface modification.