bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality disorders and Juvenil Myoclonic Epilepsy
Authors: Santos Carrasco I. , Gonçalves Cerejeira J. , Queipo De Llano De La Viuda M. , Gonzaga Ramírez A. , Guerra Valera G. , Jiménez Aparicio T. , De Andrés Lobo C. , Vallecillo Adame C. , Fernández Lozano M. , Rodríguez Rodríguez B. , Navarro Barriga N. , Mateos Sexmero M.J. , Gallardo Borge L. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThere is a high comorbidity between psychiatric disorders and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), observed in up to 58% of these patients; specifically, mood disorders, anxiety and personality disorders (PD). In some patients with PD there are nonspecific alterations in the EEG, which nevertheless sometimes involve pathology. The presence of personality disorders along with JME has been repeatedly described. Previous studies have emphasized the difficulties in treating patients with JME, which have been attributed to some specific psychiatric, psychological and psychosocial characteristics.ObjectivesDescribing distinctive personality traits in JMEMethodsReview of scientific literature based on a relevant clinical case.Results19-year-old woman, single. Psychiatric history since she was 12 due to anxiety-depressive symptoms, after being diagnosed with JME. 4 admissions in Psychiatry, with a variety of diagnoses: eating disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and borderline personality disorder. The evolution of both disorders has been parallel, presenting epileptic seizures due to irregular therapeutic adherence together with pseudo-seizures, which made difficult their differential diagnosis. In addition, he has had frequent visits to the emergency room for suicide attempts and impulsive behaviors.ConclusionsIn 1957, for the first time, distinctive personality traits were described in patients with JME: lack of control and perseverance, emotional instability, variable self-concept and reactive mood, which have been confirmed in subsequent studies. It is believed as epilepsy progresses, patients tend to develop symptoms of depression, anxiety, social problems, and attention deficit. Therefore, these patients have difficulty in following medical recommendations, especially precautions regarding precipitating factors for seizures.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Attitude of mental health care professionals toward borderline personality disorder sufferers in Egypt
Authors: Abdelkarim A. , Radwan A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAwareness and knowledge about borderline personality disorder (BPD) is growing during the last decade in Egypt. Yet little is known about the attitude of mental health care providers toward BPD sufferers. Stigma and judgments among health care providers will affect the quality of services provided to these group of patients. Determining those judgments and pointing to the stigma between health care providers will help improving the quality of care to BPD sufferers.ObjectivesOur objective was to study the attitude of mental health care providers in Egypt toward patients with borderline personality disorder.Methods62 mental health care providers, with a majority of psychiatrists, working in Egypt completed the attitude to personality disorder questionnaire “APDQ” designed by Bowers et al. (1998). The questionnaire was disturbed through an online form and knowledge of English was mandatory as it was the language of the questionnaire.ResultsThe 62 partcipants of which 74.2% were psychiatrists and 68.7% had more than 5 years experince had a total mean score of APDQ of 138.76. The total mean score of 47 psychiatrists was 137.21 which was significantly lower than the mean score of 15 clinical psychologists and counsellors which scored 146.87.ConclusionsWhereas mental health care professionals in Egypt had generally positive attitude towards BPD patients, clinical psychologists and counsellors had significantly higher scores in comparison to psychiatrists.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The role of Effortful Control and the Dual Pathway Model in Childhood Obesity
Authors: Vervoort L. , Naets T. 
Published: September 2022

Apart from other well-known psychological determinants of obesity, deficits in neuropsychological processes related to effortful control can be relevant predictors for weight problems and difficulties in weight loss. Deficits in top-down inhibition as well as in other processes such as strong bottom-up reactivity, like external eating, hinder resisting food temptations in an obesogenic environment, thus determining the risk for the development of overweight and obesity. Furthermore, these deficits are associated with less positive outcomes in weight loss interventions for subgroups of children and adolescents with severe obesity. Targeting those effortful control mechanisms underlying childhood obesity via cognitive behavioral techniques can facilitate behavioural change necessary to induce sustainable weight loss and weight control. In this presentation, I will present data on effortful control collected in a large sample of youngsters (n=572 participants, 51% boys, aged 7–19) with moderate to severe obesity. Results suggest that top-down inhibition and bottom-up external eating play a complex role in weight problems in certain subgroups of youngsters with obesity, stressing the importance of identifying subgroups for tailoring interventions. I will demonstrate a few science-based intervention techniques that have the potential to ameliorate effortful control capacities, and thus optimize treatment outcomes for those youngsters low in effortful control.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Value of psychological counseling for trainees exposed to the death of a patient in emergency and resuscitation departments
Authors: Betbout I. , Amemou B. , Ben Haouala A. , Ben Arbia Y. , Khadhrawi I. , Zaafrane F. , Mhalla A. , Gaha L. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionTrainee emergency and resuscitation technicians are not prepared during their academic training to deal with their psychological reactions to the death of a patient, we wanted to describe their feelings and understand the aggravating factors and highlight the need for intervention.ObjectivesOur study aims to describe the psychological reactions of traineesexposed to the death of a patient on the internship grounds and to demonstrate the usefulness of specific psychological counselingMethodsIt is a prospective interventional study carried out with 2nd and 3rd-year students of the emergency and resuscitation section, our collection was done using a self-administered questionnaire with a validated PDI scale before the training, and a satisfaction questionnaire with the same scale after the training.ResultsOur population isyoung, with an averageage of 20.05 years, and ispredominantlyfemale, with a sex ratio of 0.12. Eighty-seven percent of the population statedthatthey were not prepared to deal with their feelings about the death of a patient, and thiseventharmed the quality of care for 68% of the students. According to the scores of the PDI scale in pre-training 77.33% of the students are at risk of developing PTSD, this percentage decreases to 30.67% according to the same scale in post-training.Conclusionsit is important to take into consideration the suffering of traineesexposed to traumaticevents such as the death of patients and to prepare them psychologically to deal with these situationsDisclosureNo significant relationships.
The role of Effortful Control in Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Santens E. , Dom G. , Dierckx E. , Claes L. 
Published: September 2022

Background and aim: Temperament and personality traits are important factors underlying the vulnerability for both initiation and continuation of addictive behaviors. In SUDs there is a high comorbidity with mood and anxiety disorders and personality disorders. As there is a growing interest in the possible transdiagnostic role of Effortful Control in both SUDs as in their comorbid disorders the current study therefore investigates the influence of reactive (Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Activation System, BIS/BAS) and regulative (Effortful Control, EC) temperament and their interaction in relation to clinical symptomatology and PDs in adult inpatients with SUD. Methods: The EC, BIS/BAS, SCL-90-R and ADP-IV questionnaires were administered to 841 patients (age between 17 y and 71 y) with a SUD admitted at the treatment unit for addiction of a psychiatric hospital. Results: Hierarchical regression analyses showed that both, clinical symptomatology and PDs were related to low levels of effortful control (EC). Furthermore, cluster C PDs were related to high levels of BIS and low levels of EC; whereas cluster B PDs were related to low levels of EC and high levels of BAS for the narcissistic and histrionic PD. An interaction effect (BIS*EC) was found for the Schizotypal PD, all other interactions (BIS*EC and BAS*EC) were not significant. Discussion: We found that low EC is involved in all clinical symptomatology and PDs in a sample of inpatients with SUDs. Therapeutic interventions aiming at strengthening effortful control can possibly result in better treatment outcomes for both the addiction as the comorbid psychopathologyDisclosureNo significant relationships.
MDMA-Assisted Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) – One step further toward a patient-centered treatment pathway
Authors: Pratas Penedos S. , Freire M.J. , Fonseca I. , Franco A. , Ribeiro N. , Moreno L. , Magalhães M.M. , Afonso P.A. , Alves I.M. , Paulino L. , Ramos C. , Figueiredo M.M. , Madruga L. , Gamito A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPTSD is a chronic, debilitating condition with limited treatment efficacy. Accessing traumatic memories often leads to overwhelming distress, impacting treatment process. Current approved pharmacological treatments have exhibited small to moderate effects when compared with placebo. Evidence suggests 3,4,-methylene-dioxymethamphetamine(MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy as a viable option for refractory PTSD.ObjectivesComprehensive review of early clinical research, proposed mechanisms, safety and emerging therapeutic models.MethodsEligible studies will be identified through strategic search of MEDLINE.ResultsPre-clinical and imaging studies suggest memory reconsolidation and fear extinction as candidate psychological and neurological mechanisms, involving MDMA’s combined effects of increasing serotonergic activity, as well the release of oxytocin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in key memory and emotional circuits. Resulting reduction in amygdala and insula activation and increasing connectivity between the amygdala and hippocampus may create a “tolerance window” of neuroplasticity for emotional engagement and reprocessing of traumatic memories during psychotherapy. Early clinical trials report impressive and durable reduction in PTSD symptoms, with a safety profile comparable to that of SSRIs. A recently completed randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial reported full remission of PTSD symptoms in 67% of patients at 2 months, with no increase in suicidality, cardiovascular events or abuse behavior. Emerging treatment models underline the importance of unmedicated therapeutic sessions for preparation for the experience and subsequent integration as essential for full benefit and safety of the clinical context.ConclusionsThe psychological impact associated with the COVID-19 pandemic is an reminder of the emotional and economic burden associated with PTSD. MDMA-assisted therapy may be a breakthrough approach meriting further multidisciplinary investment and clinical research.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Quality of life in midwives after post-traumatic stress disorders
Authors: Sellami I. , Feki A. , Masmoudi R. , Hammami K. , Masmoudi J. , Masmoudi M.L. , Hajjaji M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPost-traumatic stress disorder frequently alters the quality of life.ObjectivesAssess the quality of life in midwives who have post-traumatic stress disorder.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among midwives in a single university hospital centre using a self-administered questionnaire. We screened post-traumatic stress disorder using the Impact of event scale and the quality of life using 5 items Likert scale.ResultsOur response rate was 82%. Out of 42 midwives who answered us, 18 had post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (42.8%). They were all female. Their mean age was 45.6± 10.3 years. The traumatic event occurred mainly at work and was related to the death of a mother or a baby. Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms were severe in 5 midwives. The quality of life was altered in 38.8% of participants. Both post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and alteration of the quality of life were more frequent in patients who don’t have leisure activities.ConclusionsIn conclusion, midwives are vulnerable to developing post-traumatic stress disorder. Encouraging sports and other leisure activities may protect them from having severe repercussions on their life.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Risk factors and prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder in Intensive Care Unit patients
Authors: Caldas I. , Vieira S. , Vidó I. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with exposure to an actual death or serious injury threatening event , as is the example of an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patient, and it is characterized by dissociative, avoidance, cognitive and mood symptoms. (1) It is known that ICU patients may develop PTSD with an incidence rate of 10%. (2)ObjectivesComprehend the correlation between PTSD development and ICU care and its risk factors and ways of prevention.MethodsThe authors conducted a literature review by searching the Pubmed database using the keywords PTSD; ICU; Risk Factors; Prevention.ResultsThe studies show that the risk factors are associated to: Intensive care like mechanic ventilation, sedation (like using midazolam, lorazepam or opioid); individual’s characteristics like being younger than 50 years old, personal history of depression, feminine gender and lower levels of cortisol, and experiencing cognitive alterations, as hallucinations, delirium, amnesia and delirant memory, or anxiety while under ICU care. (1,3,4,5) As a form of prevention non pharmacological measures are the most consensual. Pharmacologic hypothesis should be applied in the first 6 hours of trauma and could be hydrocortisone, as it is thought to be a protective factor for memory consolidation, but the conclusions are not consistent.(6)ConclusionsThere are a lot of people that develop PTSD in the ICU context who are not diagnosed and therefore not treated. In this way, it is necessary to identify the patients with more risk factors, apply the non-pharmacological measures and evaluate the person after discharge.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Genetic and epigenetic variations in BDNF gene involved in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Ramoz N. , Maussion G. , Clarke J. , Gorwood P. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a chronic psychiatric disorder resulting from abnormal eating habits with a high prevalence (0.5%). AN involves genetic and epigenetic factors supporting that AN is a metabo-psychiatric disorder. One candidate gene for AN, validated by meta-analyzes, is BDNF which encodes the brain-derived neurotrophic factor. BDNF negatively modulates the central control of food intake and its injection in rodents induces weight loss and anorexia. In humans, we observed an association of its functional variant Val66Met/rs6265 and electrodermal response to images of thinness suggesting an association between rs6265 and a reward effect of weight loss in AN.ObjectivesThis work study the impact of the functional polymorphism at risk rs6265, epigenetic variations in DNA methylation of BDNF gene and consequences on the concentrations of BDNF in AN patients.MethodsDNA was isolated from 24 AN patients and 48 controls. DNA methylation was measured for sites spanning the BDNF gene using Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip technology. The genotyping of rs6265 was performed by Taqman-SNP assay. The BDNF was dosaged by ELISA from plasmas.ResultsWe observe that several sites are significantly hypermethylated in AN patients compared to controls. AN patients show significantly higher BDNF levels than controls. Finally, this BDNF concentration is significantly higher in AN carrying the risk Met66 allele.ConclusionsThis work demonstrates the effects of genetic and epigenetic variations of BDNF, which could constitute relevant diagnostic biomarkers of AN, and their likely consequences in the pathophysiology of AN. This work was supported by the Nestlé Foundation.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Neurodevelopmental continuum and pathogenic CNV detection in adult onset psychiatric disorders: microarray analysis in psychiatric clinical practice
Authors: Ruiz De Pellón Santamaría Á. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionStructural variations of DNA, such as copy number variations (CNVs), are important contributors to risk for human diseases. Several CNVs have been associated with an increased risk of early-onset neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), adult-onset psychiatry disorders and physical comorbidities. While in Pediatrics the microarray is the first-line genetic analysis technique in the study of child onset NDD, its use in psychiatry care of young/adult onset NDD has been limited to research purposes.ObjectivesReview of the diagnostic yield of the use of microarrays analysis in psychiatric clinical practice of severe mental disorder care in adults, according to the concept of a neurodevelopmental continuum.MethodsAn exploratory literature review on the topic in PubMed, including the terms: “copy number variants/CNVs” AND “neurodevelopmental delay/disorders, congenital anomalies/malformations, ADHD, autism/ASD, learning disabilities, epilepsy, Tourette, schizophrenia, bipolar, behaviour”.ResultsThe prevalence of carriers of pathogenic or likely pathogenic CNVs among the different NDD phenotypes investigated by microarray analysis ranged from 3-22.5%. The majority of studies in adult psychiatric populations examined schizophrenia. Intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, dysmorphic features and multiple NDD/psychiatric diagnoses were described as predictors of an increased diagnostic yield of microarray testing.ConclusionsWhile CNV testing is frequent in early-onset NDD; microarray analysis has not been established in psychiatric clinical practice despite the evidence of a high prevalence of findings in adult-onset NDD. The potential benefits in the detection of CNV are associated with physical comorbidities detection, understanding of pathogenesis of disease or genetic counseling. High-quality research designs are required before a routine clinical use.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Can We Pick the Pocket of Post-Intensive Care Syndrome?
Authors: Philbrick K. , Bieber E. , Karnatovskaia L. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPost-intensive care syndrome, which includes symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress, afflicts one-third of critical illness survivors. Symptoms persist and significantly degrade quality of life. No intervention has earned clear evidence of reducing these adverse psychological sequelae. Building on earlier pilot data, psychological support based on positive suggestions (PSBPS), is being investigated in an ongoing, randomized, controlled prospective trial across multiple intensive care unit (ICU) settings in a large, tertiary medical center.ObjectivesRecognizing that even sedated patients perceive and internalize communication, we share lessons learned thus far in the art of engaging with sedated, often unresponsive patients.MethodsOur presentation describes this NIH-funded PSBPS study, including the preparatory training and subsequent implementation of a structured script delivered daily to ICU patients, regardless of cognitive status or ability to respond. To interfere with the initial process of fear conditioning/negative memory formation, we introduce mitigating information about potentially traumatic events during the temporal window when initial memory consolidation occurs, reframing the alien, often frightening ICU environment while providing positive suggestions of safety and healing.ResultsPsychiatrists characteristically engage alert, communicative patients. Unfortunately, when meaningful cognitive exchange is impossible, further effort is often limited. By contrast, choosing to engage ventilated, sedated patients with active re-interpretation is a novel enterprise. We share technique and lessons learned from the first two years.ConclusionsConsultation psychiatrists are uniquely situated to explore with our critical care colleagues how best to mitigate the corrosive psychological consequences of intensive care and improve the future of ICU survivors.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Clinical high-risk criteria of psychosis in 8-
to 17-year-old community subjects and inpatients not suspected to develop psychosis: not pluripotential or transdiagnostic
Authors: Schultze-Lutter F. , Michel C. , Franscini M. , Traber-Walker N. , Walger P. , Schimmelmann B. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionBased on high rates of non-converters to psychosis, especially in children and adolescents, it was suggested that CHR criteria were (1) pluripotential, (2) a transdiagnostic risk factor, or (3) simply a severity marker of mental disorders rather than specifically psychosis-predictive. If any of these three alternative explanatory models were true, their prevalence should differ between persons with and without mental disorders, and their severity should be associated with functional impairment as a measure of severity.ObjectivesTo compare the prevalence and severity of CHR criteria/symptoms in children and adolescents of the community and inpatients.MethodsWe compared CHR criteria/symptoms in 8-17-year-olds of the community and of inpatients not clinically suspected to develop psychosis.ResultsThe 7.3%-prevalence rate of CHR criteria in community subjects did not differ significantly from the 9.5%-rate in inpatients. Frequency/severity of CHR criteria never differed between the community and the four inpatient groups, while the frequency and severity of CHR symptoms differed only minimally. Group differences were found in only four CHR symptoms: suspiciousness/persecutory ideas of the SIPS, and thought pressure, derealization and visual perception disturbances of the SPI-CY. These were consistent with a transdiagnostic risk factor or dimension, i.e., displayed higher frequency and severity in inpatients. Low functioning, however, was at most weakly related to the severity of CHR criteria/symptoms, with the highest, yet still weak correlation yielded for suspiciousness/persecutory ideas.ConclusionsThe lack of systematic differences between inpatients and community subjects does not support suggestions that CHR criteria/symptoms are pluripotential or transdiagnostic syndromes, or merely markers of symptom severityDisclosureNo significant relationships.