bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing a social enterprise: the story of Conflictorium
Authors: Bihani Amrita Harshvardhan , Thaker Nimit Ashwinkumar 
Published: April 2022

Theoretical basis
The case focuses on the following theoretical basis: • conflict management and its resolution; • multiculturalism and workforce diversity through the lens of Hofstede model; and • the Policies, Legal, Universal, and Self model of ethical of building an ethical organization.

Research methodology
Field study with the leadership team as well as with the key talent (people).

Case overview/synopsis
Conflictorium, situated in Ahmedabad since 2013, is a museum which acknowledges and discusses conflict through various art forms. Since its inception, the museum has fostered values like diversity, transparency and care reflecting in how it deals with its people and finances. Now, as the museum plans to reach out to new audiences, it is confronted with a challenge to preserve its cherished values and still expand its activities.

Complexity academic level
This case study is intended for graduate and postgraduate management students.
Animal tracking moves community ecology: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Costa‐Pereira Raul , Moll Remington J. , Jesmer Brett R. , Jetz Walter 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Individual decisions regarding how, why and when organisms interact with one another and with their environment scale up to shape patterns and processes in communities. Recent evidence has firmly established the prevalence of intraspecific variation in nature and its relevance in community ecology, yet challenges associated with collecting data on large numbers of individual conspecifics and heterospecifics have hampered integration of individual variation into community ecology.

Nevertheless, recent technological and statistical advances in GPS‐tracking, remote sensing and behavioural ecology offer a toolbox for integrating intraspecific variation into community processes. More than simply describing where organisms go, movement data provide unique information about interactions and environmental associations from which a true individual‐to‐community framework can be built.

By linking the movement paths of both conspecifics and heterospecifics with environmental data, ecologists can now simultaneously quantify intraspecific and interspecific variation regarding the Eltonian (biotic interactions) and Grinnellian (environmental conditions) factors underpinning community assemblage and dynamics, yet substantial logistical and analytical challenges must be addressed for these approaches to realize their full potential.

Across communities, empirical integration of Eltonian and Grinnellian factors can support conservation applications and reveal metacommunity dynamics via tracking‐based dispersal data. As the logistical and analytical challenges associated with multi‐species tracking are surmounted, we envision a future where individual movements and their ecological and environmental signatures will bring resolution to many enduring issues in community ecology.
Out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest outcomes, end‐tidal carbon dioxide and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation eligibility: New South Wales pilot data
Authors: Dennis Mark ,   RESET Study Group and Sydney ECMO Research Interest Group
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe on‐scene times for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) transferred to hospital, the number of these that were extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) eligible and potential association between end‐tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) and survival so as to inform planned interventional studies.MethodsProspective cohort study of all OHCA, of suspected medical cause, where resuscitation was commenced and who were transported to participating hospitals from October 2020 to May 2021.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐nine OHCA were included. Forty‐four (30%) patients survived to hospital discharge. Eighteen (8%) met ECPR inclusion criteria. Median on‐scene time was 33 min (interquartile range [IQR] 24–44). Initial hospital ETCO2 for non‐survivors was 35 mmHg (IQR 19–50), survivors 36 mmHg (IQR 33–45); P = 0.215. No patient with an ETCO2 less than 20 mmHg on hospital arrival to survived to hospital discharge.ConclusionsAverage on‐scene time did not differ on survivorship. A small number of transferred patients with OHCA were ECPR eligible. ETCO2 less than 20 mmHg portends adverse prognosis. Our data will be used for future interventional studies.
Elevated BTG2 improves the radiosensitivity of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through apoptosis
Authors: Zhu Changchun , Zhang Songling , Xue Aiying , Feng Guoxing , Fan Saijun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo identify radio‐responsive genes and explore the biological function of encoded proteins in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsRadio‐responsive genes in irradiated H460 cells were screened from microarray data deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. A quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect the expression of candidate radio‐responsive genes in irradiated cells. CCK‐8 assay, EDU assay, clone formation assay, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were conducted to evaluate the biological function of B cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) in NSCLC.ResultsBioinformatic analysis using GES20549 showed that BTG2 was a radio‐responsive gene in irradiated H460 cells. The mRNA expression level of BTG2 was lower in H460 cells compared with that in BEAS‐2B normal lung epithelial cells. BTG2 expression was elevated upon IR exposure, in a dose‐dependent but not a time‐dependent manner. CCK‐8 and EDU assays revealed that BTG2 overexpression inhibited the growth rate of irradiated cells. Clone formation showed that elevated BTG2 promoted DNA damage of irradiated H460 cells. The number of γ‐H2AX foci induced by DNA damage was also markedly increased upon BTG2 overexpression. Flow cytometry showed that BTG2 increased IR‐induced cell apoptosis.ConclusionsBTG2 may be a novel radio‐responsive factor and a promising therapeutic target for radiotherapy of NSCLC.
A phase II study of anlotinib combined with etoposide and platinum‐based regimens in the first‐line treatment of extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer
Authors: Liu Chang , Liao Jiatao , Wu Xianghua , Zhao Xinmin , Sun Si , Wang Huijie , Hu Zhihuang , Zhang Yao , Yu Hui , Wang Jialei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this prospective, pilot, single‐arm phase II trial was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of anlotinib combined with etoposide and platinum‐based regimens in the first‐line treatment of extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC).MethodsThis phase II study was conducted at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center between December 2018 and December 2020. All patients received standard chemotherapy (etoposide plus cisplatin/carboplatin) consisting of four courses and anlotinib at 12 mg once per day for 2 weeks followed by a one‐week rest. Anlotinib administration was continued until disease progression, intolerable adverse events (AEs) or patient withdrawal from the study. The primary outcome measure was progression‐free survival (PFS). The secondary outcome measures were overall survival (OS), objective control rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and AEs.ResultsThirty‐seven patients were included in this study, and 30 patients were eligible for efficacy analysis. ORR and DCR were 90.0% and 96.7%, respectively. The estimated PFS and OS were 6.0 months (95% CI: 1.1–11.9 months) and 14.0 months (95% CI: 8.6–19.4 months), respectively. No unexpected adverse effects were reported. Hypertension (20/37, 54.1%), anemia (16/37, 43.2%), alopecia (15/37, 40.5%), elevated transaminases (9/37, 24.3%) and alkaline phosphatase (9/37, 24.3%) were the most commonly reported AEs. Thirteen patients (35.1%) reported grade 3–5 AEs. No treatment‐related deaths occurred during this study.ConclusionThe addition of anlotinib to standard etoposide/platinum chemotherapy achieved encouraging PFS and OS in previously untreated ES‐SCLC patients, with an acceptable tolerability profile and no new safety signals observed.
Development of an eDNA‐based survey method for urban fish markets
Authors: Richards John L. , Sheng Victoria , Chung Haze Wing Yi , Liu Min , Tsang Rainbow Hin Hung , McIlroy Shelby E. , Baker David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Fish and fishery products are among the most highly traded commodities in the world, and over‐exploitation continues to threaten the biodiversity and sustainability of global stocks. The state of knowledge for many fish species is limited by current monitoring techniques, which rely on labour‐intensive visual or genetic surveys of individual specimens (often at inconsistent or coarse taxonomic resolution).

To address the need for more efficient methods that effectively monitor trade, we developed a novel application of eDNA‐based metabarcoding that can identify a broad range of fish taxa from effluent water draining from urban fish markets. Using samples collected at three Hong Kong fish markets over a 5‐day period, we tested two DNA capture protocols (filtration vs. precipitation) with the goal of ensuring that methods were relatively easy to implement without sacrificing species coverage relative to each other and to a standard visual survey.

eDNA‐based survey methods were able to overcome many of the challenges associated with visual identification, such as resolving morphologically similar species and accounting for butchered fish products. However, rare and/or quickly transiting species occasionally went undetected. The two variations of eDNA isolation methods performed almost identically, emphasizing the relative robustness of eDNA metabarcoding, and allowing for user flexibility depending on the turbidity of collected waters. Our results demonstrate the ability of a few spatial and temporal replicates to generate an efficient and accurate market‐wide species inventory that can complement visual inspections and guide targeted investigations of illegal trade.

This research provides important baseline information on the capabilities of eDNA metabarcoding as a non‐invasive survey tool, with the potential to complement conventional surveys. To our knowledge, this study is the first proof of concept using eDNA metabarcoding to monitor wildlife trade and also highlights the potential for eDNA metabarcoding to be applied to investigations of urban ecology.
Central nervous system monoamine metabolite response to alcohol exposure is associated with future alcohol intake in a nonhuman primate model (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Wood Elizabeth K. , Lemmon Dani P. , Schwandt Melanie L. , Lindell Stephen G. , Barr Christina S. , Suomi Stephen J. , Higley James Dee 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIt is widely held that the central monoamine neurotransmitters modulate alcohol intake. Few studies, however, directly assess the relationship between baseline and alcohol‐induced monoamine turnover, as well as the change from baseline, as predictors of alcohol intake. Using a nonhuman primate model, this study investigates baseline, alcohol‐induced and alcohol‐induced change in monoamine activity and their relationship with alcohol intake. Alcohol‐naïve, adolescent rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta, N = 114) were administered a standardized intravenous bolus of alcohol solution (16.8%, v/v) on two occasions, approximately 1 month apart. One month prior to and 1 h following each alcohol infusion, cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was obtained and assayed for monoamine metabolite concentrations. Approximately 6–7 months later, subjects were allowed unfettered access to an aspartame‐sweetened alcohol solution (8.4%, v/v) for 1 h/day, 5 days/week, over 5–7 weeks. Results showed strong positive correlations between baseline and post‐infusion CSF monoamine metabolite concentrations, indicating a trait‐like response. Low baseline and post‐infusion serotonin and dopamine metabolite concentrations and a smaller change in serotonin and dopamine metabolites from one infusion to the next were associated with higher alcohol intake. Low baseline and post‐infusion norepinephrine metabolite concentrations predicted high alcohol intake, but unlike the other monoamines, a greater change in norepinephrine metabolite concentrations from one infusion to the next was associated with higher alcohol intake. These findings suggest that individual differences in naturally occurring and alcohol‐induced monoamine activity, as well as the change between exposures, are important modulators of initial alcohol consumption and may play a role in the risk for excessive alcohol intake.
The net parenchymal thickness predicts pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a retrospective cohort study of objective data
Authors: Xu Sun‐Bing , Jia Chang‐Ku , Liu Ling , Zhu Han‐Zhang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR‐POPF) is still a challenging complication of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). This study aims to explore the predictors of CR‐POPF after PD, including net parenchymal thickness (NPT) of pancreatic neck.MethodsThe consecutive patients who underwent PD at a tertiary hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted on the perioperative data, which was mainly extracted from the objective data, containing the results from the laboratory tests and the imaging examination. NPT refers to the total thickness of pancreatic gland excluding main pancreatic duct (MPD) at the CT film.ResultsUnivariate analyses showed that total serum bilirubin (TBiL) and albumin (ALB) levels, MPD size and NPT were significantly different between the patients with and without CR‐POPF. The white blood cell count, the rate of intra‐abdominal infection (IAI) and the postoperative length of hospital stay (LOS) were associated with the incidence of CR‐POPF. The proportion of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma or chronic pancreatitis was significantly lower in the CR‐POPF group than in the non‐CR‐POPF group. Multivariate analyses manifested that ALB ≤35 g/L and NPT >10 mm were two of the independent risk factors for CR‐POPF.ConclusionPreoperative ALB ≤35 g/L and NPT > 10 mm were both the independent predictors of CR‐POPF. CR‐POPF was associated with the higher IAI rate and the extended LOS.
Disparities in surgical outcomes for low socioeconomic status patients in Australia
Authors: de Jager Elzerie , Gunnarsson Ronny , Ho Yik‐Hong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are disparities in surgical outcomes for patients of low socioeconomic status globally, including in countries with universal healthcare systems. There is limited data on the impact of low socioeconomic status on surgical outcomes in Australia. This study examines surgical outcomes by both self‐reported unemployment and neighbourhood level socioeconomic status in Australia.MethodsA retrospective administrative data review was conducted at a tertiary care centre over a 10‐year period (2008–2018) including all adult surgical patients. Multivariable logistic regression adjusting for year, age, sex and Charlson Comorbidity Index was performed.Results106 197 patients underwent a surgical procedure in the decade examined. The overall adverse event rates were mortality (1.13%), total postoperative complications (10.9%), failure to rescue (0.75%) and return to theatre (4.31%). Following multivariable testing, unemployed and low socioeconomic patients had a higher risk of postoperative mortality (OR 2.06 (1.50–2.82), OR 1.37 (1.15–1.64)), all complications (OR 1.43 (1.31–1.56), OR 1.21 (1.14–1.28)), failure to rescue (OR 2.03 (1.39–2.95), OR 1.38 (1.11–1.72)) and return to theatre (OR 1.42 (1.27–1.59), OR 1.24 (1.14–1.36)) (P < 0.005 for all).ConclusionsDespite universal healthcare, there are disparities in surgical adverse events for patients of low socioeconomic status in Australia. Disparities in surgical outcomes can stem from three facets: a patient's access to healthcare (the severity of disease at the time of presentation), variation in perioperative care delivery, and social determinants of health. Further work is required to pinpoint why these disparities are present and to evaluate the impact of strategies that aim to reduce disparities.
Machine‐learning algorithms predict soil seed bank persistence from easily available traits
Authors: Rosbakh Sergey , Pichler Maximilian , Poschlod Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractQuestionSoil seed banks (SSB), i.e. pools of viable seeds in the soil and on its surface, play a crucial role in plant biology and ecology. Information on seed persistence in soil is of great importance for fundamental and applied research, yet compiling data sets on this trait still requires enormous efforts. We asked whether the machine‐learning (ML) approach could be used to infer and predict SSB properties of a regional flora based on easily available data.LocationEighteen calcareous grasslands located along an elevational gradient of almost 2000 m in the Bavarian Alps, Germany.MethodsWe compared a commonly used ML model (random forest) with a conventional model (linear regression model) as to their ability to predict SSB presence/absence and density using empirical data on SSB characteristics (environmental, seed traits and phylogenetic predictors). Further, we identified the most important determinants of seed persistence in soil for predicting qualitative and quantitative SSB characteristics using the ML approach.ResultsWe demonstrated that the ML model predicts SSB characteristics significantly better than the linear regression model. A single set of predictors (either environment, or seed traits, or phylogenetic eigenvectors) was sufficient for the ML model to achieve high performance in predicting SSB characteristics. Importantly, we established that a few widely available SSB predictors can achieve high predictive power in the ML approach, suggesting a high flexibility of the developed approach for use in various study systems.ConclusionsOur study provides a novel methodological approach that combines empirical knowledge on the determinants of SSB characteristics with a modern, flexible statistical approach based on ML. It clearly demonstrates that ML can be developed into a key tool to facilitate labor‐intensive, costly and time‐consuming functional trait research.
Fallacious, misleading and unhelpful: The case for removing ‘systematic review’ from bioethics nomenclature
Authors: Birchley Giles , Ives Jonathan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAttempts to conduct systematic reviews of ethical arguments in bioethics are fundamentally misguided. All areas of enquiry need thorough and informative literature reviews, and efforts to bring transparency and systematic methods to bioethics are to be welcomed. Nevertheless, the raw materials of bioethical articles are not suited to methods of systematic review. The eclecticism of philosophy may lead to suspicion of philosophical methods in bioethics. Because bioethics aims to influence medical and scientific practice it is tempting to adopt scientific language and methods. One manifestation is the increasing innovation in, and use of, systematic reviews of ethical arguments in bioethics. Yet bioethics, as a broadly philosophical area of enquiry, is unsuited to systematic review. Bioethical arguments are evaluative, so notions of quality and bias are inapplicable. Bioethical argument is conceptual rather than numerical, and the classification of concepts is itself a process of argument that cannot aspire to neutrality. Any ‘systematic review’ of ethical arguments in bioethics thus falls short of that name. Furthermore, labels matter. Although the bioethics research community may find that adopting the language and the outward methods of clinical science offers apparent prospects of credibility, policy influence and funding, we argue that such misdirection carries risks and is unlikely to pay dividends in the long term. Bioethical sources are amenable to the review methods of the social sciences, and it is on these methods that specific methods of bioethics literature review should be built.
Moving from ‘fully’ to ‘appropriately’ informed consent in genomics: The PROMICE framework
Authors: Koplin Julian J. , Gyngell Christopher , Savulescu Julian , Vears Danya F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGenomic sequencing technologies (GS) pose novel challenges not seen in older genetic technologies, making traditional standards for fully informed consent difficult or impossible to meet. This is due to factors including the complexity of the test and the broad range of results it may identify. Meaningful informed consent is even more challenging to secure in contexts involving significant time constraints and emotional distress, such as when rapid genomic testing (RGS) is performed in neonatal intensive care units. In this article, we propose that informed consent matters not for its own sake, but because obtaining it furthers a range of morally important goals, such as promoting autonomy, well‐being, and trust in medicine. These goals form the basis of a new framework [PROmoting Morally Important Consent Ends (PROMICE)] for assessing the ethical appropriateness of various informed consent models. We illustrate this framework with two examples: (a) a tiered and layered consent model for obtaining consent for GS, and (b) consent for RGS in critically ill newborns. We conclude that appropriately—rather than fully—informed consent provides the correct standard for genomic medicine and research.
A randomised comparison of FLAG‐Ida versus daunorubicin combined with clofarabine in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia: Results from the UK NCRI AML17 trial
Authors: Russell Nigel H. , Hills Robert K. , Kjeldsen Lars , Clark Richard E. , Ali Sahra , Cahalin Paul , Thomas Ian F. , Burnett Alan K. 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe prognosis for younger patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is generally dismal. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is the preferred therapy for these patients. As part of the UK NCRI AML17 trial, daunorubicin/clofarabine (DClo) was compared with fludarabine, cytarabine, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor with idarubicin (FLAG‐Ida) in 311 patients designated high‐risk following course one of induction therapy, which has previously been reported. We now report the results of the same randomisation in patients who were refractory to two induction courses or subsequently relapsed. A total of 94 relapsed or refractory AML patients, usually less than 60 years of age and with mainly favourable or intermediate‐risk cytogenetics, were randomised to receive up to three courses of DClo or FLAG‐Ida, with the aim of proceeding to transplant. Complete remission was achieved in 74% of patients with no difference between the arms. Overall, 57% of patients received a transplant with no difference between the arms, likewise overall survival at five years showed no significant difference (21% for DClo vs. 22% for FLAG‐Ida). No patient who did not receive a transplant survived beyond 21months. A stratified analysis including the 311 post course 1 high‐risk patients who underwent the same randomisation showed a consistent treatment benefit for FLAG‐Ida.