bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The false positive rates for detecting keratoconus and potential ectatic corneal conditions when evaluating astigmatic eyes with Scheimpflug Technology
Authors: Henriquez Maria A. , Hadid Marta , Moctezuma Cristobal , Izquierdo Luis , Binder Perry S. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose To quantify the false positive rates for keratoconus (KC) and potential ectatic corneal conditions in highly astigmatism eyes when using published parameters/indices obtained from the Pentacam and Galilei units. Setting Oftalmosalud Instituto de Ojos, Lima, Peru. Design Prospective cohort study. Methods 67 consecutive eyes with corneal astigmatism > 1.5 D, with a minimum follow ups of 36 months after an uneventful LASIK procedure were included. Indices for KC and other potential ectatic corneal conditions (subclinical KC, forme fruste KC, suspect KC) were obtained using the Pentacam and Galilei Scheimpflug cameras. Main outcome measures The false positive rates for KC and potential ectatic corneal conditions were measured. Cut off values provided by previous studies and company-based parameters were used to assess the rate of false positivity. Results The range of false positive rates for a KC diagnosis depending on the lowest and highest cutoff values were: index of height decentration (61% - 1%), index of surface variance (76% - 0%), Posterior elevation (55% - 0%), maximum Ambrosio Relational thickness (100% - 13%), Belin Ambrosio enhanced ectasia display total deviation value (100% - 4%), Average pachymetric progression index (69% - 3%), Pachymetry at the thinnest point (58% - 1%), CSI Center Surround Index (100%), Differential sector index (51%). Conclusion The false positive rates for KC and ectatic corneal conditions vary dramatically depending on the cut-off values used. Some indexes used for diagnosis of potential ectatic corneal conditions are inaccurate in normal, highly astigmatic eyes.
A Clinical Decision Support System for Increasing Compliance with Protocols in Chemotherapy of Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Moghaddasi Hamid , Rahimi Rezvan , Kazemi Alireza , Arjmandi Rafsanjani Khadijeh , Bahoush Gholamreza , Rahimi Forough 
Published: March 2022

Objective: In this survey, a protocol-based Chemotherapy Prescription Decision Support System (CPDSS) was designed and evaluated to reduce medication errors in the chemotherapy process of children with ALL. Methods: The CPDSS algorithm was extracted by the software development team based on the protocol used by doctors to treat children with ALL. The ASP.Net MVC and SQL Server 2016 programming languages were used to develop the system. A 3-step evaluation (technical, retrospective, and user satisfaction) was performed on CPDSS designed at 2 children’s hospitals in Tehran. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. At the technical evaluation step, users provided recommendations included in the system. Results: In the retrospective CPDSS evaluation step, 1281 prescribed doses of the drugs related to 30 patients were entered into the system. CPDSS detected 735 cases of protocol deviations and 57 (95%, CI = 1.25-2.55) errors in prescribed chemotherapy for children with ALL. In the user satisfaction evaluation, the users approved two dimensions of the user interface and functionality of the system. Conclusions: With the provision of alerts, the CPDSS can help increase compliance with chemotherapy protocols and decrease the chemotherapy prescribing errors that can improve patient safety.
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency in Overt and Subclinical Primary Hypothyroidism
Authors: Aon Mohamed , Taha Sherif , Mahfouz Khaled , Ibrahim Mohamed M , Aoun Ahmed H 
Published: March 2022

Background: B12 (cobalamin) deficiency has been reported in hypothyroid patients with variable prevalence rates thus routine screening of hypothyroid patients was recommended by some and discouraged by others. We aimed to assess the prevalence of B12 deficiency among hypothyroid patients and to evaluate for pernicious anemia and celiac disease as etiologies. Methods: A total 133 patients were included. Thyroid hormones and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) autoantibodies were measured. Serum B12 was measured and if deficient, intrinsic factor antibodies (IFAB) and tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies were evaluated. Results: Our study included 45 patients with overt hypothyroidism (OH), 48 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), and 40 patients as controls. Mean age was 34.3 years and 82% were females. TPO antibodies were positive in 73.5% of OH and 51.1% of SCH patients. B12 deficiency was detected in 33.3%, 47.9%, and 37.5% of OH, SCH, and controls, respectively with no significant difference ( P = .334). Borderline-to-low B12 level was more prevalent in the OH and the SCH groups compared to controls (68.9%, 85.4%, and 57.5%, respectively; P = .014). Among B12-deficient hypothyroid patients, 7.5% had positive IFAB and 13.3% had positive tTG antibodies. We did not find a significant association of TPO positivity and B12 deficiency (OR, 0.69; 95% CI 0.3-1.57; P = .147). Conclusion: We did not find a higher prevalence of B12 deficiency among hypothyroid patients nor an association with TPO positivity. Borderline B12 levels were more prevalent among hypothyroid patients.
Body Mass Index and Diabetes Mellitus May Predict Poorer Overall Survival of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: A Retrospective Cohort From a Tertiary-Care Centre of a Resource-Limited Country
Authors: Adnan Yumna , Ali Syed Muhammad Adnan , Awan Muhammad Sohail , Zahid Nida , Awan Muhammad Ozair , Afzal Kayani Hammad , Farooqui Hasnain Ahmed 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the highest-ranking cancers among both genders in Pakistan. Obesity is linked to a much higher risk for developing multiple cancer types. Individuals with Diabetes mellitus (DM) face an increased risk for developing oral cancer. Hence, the objective of this study was to identify the effect of obesity and DM on the prognosis of OSCC patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on 386 patients diagnosed and treated for OSCC at The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Patient information was obtained from hospital medical records. Obesity was defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of ⩾25 kg/m2 according to the WHO Asian cut-offs for BMI. Patient BMI was correlated with diabetes status, clinicopathological features and overall survival. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed, along with univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis to test the effect of obesity and diabetes on overall survival. Results: In a set of 386 patients, there were 296 males (76.7%) and 90 females (23.3%). The mean BMI was 24.4 (SD ± 5.25) and 42.7% of patients were found to be obese (⩾25 BMI). 64 patients (16.6%) were diabetic. The risk of death was significantly higher in underweight patients ( P = .035) compared with normal weight individuals. Diabetics had a higher mean BMI compared with non-diabetics. However, DM was not a statistically valid predictor of survival. Conclusion: Underweight OSCC patients were at a higher risk of death compared with normal weight OSCC patients.
Efficacy and mechanism of stellate ganglion block in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Zhou Chunwang , Li Mengyuan , Zheng Liyan , Chu Yingxin , Zhang Shubo , Gao Xiujiang , Gao Ping 
Published: March 2022

Objectives Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is an effective technique for carotid artery stenosis and has been widely used. Stellate ganglion block (SGB) has good effect on the treatment of both painful and non-painful diseases. To investigate the efficacy of SGB in terms of cerebral protection in patients undergoing CEA and to analyze its mechanism Methods In this retrospective analysis, 120 patients who underwent CEA were enrolled and divided into study group (SG) (60 cases, general anesthesia and SGB) and control group (CG) (60 cases, general anesthesia). The differences in hemodynamic indexes, middle cerebral artery (MCA) hemodynamic indexes, and endocrine-related indexes between the two groups at the baseline, after induction of anesthesia (induction), and skin incision (incision) were compared. The differences in neurological function and pain level between two groups 1 day pre-operatively (pre-op 1), 1 day postoperatively (POD 1), 2 day postoperatively (POD 2), and 7 day postoperatively (POD 7) were also evaluated. Perioperative adverse events and intraoperative anesthetics dosage were compared between two groups; Results The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean pulse pressure difference, and heart rate of SG at incision were lower than those of the CG ( p < 0.05); Vs, Vd, and Vm of MCA were significantly higher in the SG than in CG at induction and incision ( p < 0.05). Cortisol and aldosterone levels were lower and potassium and insulin levels were higher in the SG than in CG at induction and incision ( p < 0.05); At pre-op 1, POD 1, POD 2, and POD 7, the VAS scores of patients in the SG were significantly lower than those in CG at POD 1, POD 2, and POD 7 ( p < 0.05). The patients in SG showed decreased incidence of perioperative adverse events compared with the CG ( p < 0.05); The consumption of anesthetics in the SG was lower than that in CG ( p < 0.05). Conclusion SGB in patients undergoing CEA treatment can improve perioperative cerebral blood supply and reduce the consumption of anesthetics and the incidence of perioperative adverse events, which is safe and feasible as a cerebral protection measure. Meanwhile, SGB may also help stabilize patients’ perioperative hemodynamic indexes, but the result still needs to be supported by further large sample data.
A low-shrinkage, hydrophobic, degradation-resistant, antimicrobial dental composite using a fluorinated acrylate and an oxirane
Authors: Bergeron Clara , Ballard Cori , Li Yiming , Zhang Wu , Zhong Zhe , Whang Kyumin 
Published: March 2022

Objective: To develop a low shrinkage, hydrophobic, degradation-resistant, antimicrobial dental composite using a fluorinated acrylate, and a difunctional oxirane. Methods: The effects of a fluorinated acrylate (2-(perfluorooctyl)ethyl acrylate; PFOEA), a difunctional oxirane (EPALLOY™ 5001; EP5001), and a three-component initiator system (camphorquinone/ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate/4-Isopropyl-4′-methyldiphenyl iodonium Tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate; CQ/EDMAB/Borate) on bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate: triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (BisGMA:TEGDMA) composite surface hardness, degree of monomer-to-polymer conversion, hydrophobicity, translucency, mechanical properties, polymerization shrinkage and shrinkage stress, degradation, water imbibition, and antimicrobial properties were determined. Results: Overall the experimental composites had comparable mechanical properties and lower volumetric polymerization shrinkage and shrinkage stress as compared to BisGMA:TEGDMA controls. Addition of PFOEA increased composite hydrophobicity, but it decreased degree of cure, ultimate transverse strength, and translucency. It also decreased polymerization shrinkage and shrinkage stress. The use of the CQ/EDMAB/Borate initiator system was beneficial for the cure and mechanical properties of the 30% w/w PFOEA group. However, it decreased the hydrophobicity and translucency of those composites. The addition of EP5001, at the low concentration used in this work, did not contribute to reduced polymerization volumetric shrinkage or antimicrobial properties, but it did reduce shrinkage stress. Conclusions: A mechanically viable hydrophobic composite system with reduced polymerization shrinkage and shrinkage stress has been developed by adding PFOEA and EP5001. However, the addition of EP5001 did not render the composite antimicrobial due to the low concentration used. Further research is needed to determine the lowest concentration at which EP5001 provides antimicrobial activity. The composites developed here have the potential to improve longevity of traditional BisGMA:TEGDMA composite systems.
Response-adapted anti-PD-1–based salvage therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma with nivolumab alone or in combination with ICE
Authors: Mei Matthew G. , Lee Hun Ju , Palmer Joycelynne M. , Chen Robert , Tsai Ni-Chun , Chen Lu , McBride Kathryn , Smith D. Lynne , Melgar Ivana , Song Joo Y. , Bonjoc Kimberley-Jane , Armenian Saro , Nwangwu Mary , Lee Peter P. , Zain Jasmine , Nikolaenko Liana , Popplewell Leslie , Nademanee Auayporn , Chaudhry Ammar , Rosen Steven , Kwak Larry , Forman Stephen J. , Herrera Alex F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This phase 2 trial evaluated PET-adapted nivolumab alone or in combination with ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (NICE) as first salvage therapy and bridge to autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) in relapsed/refractory (RR) classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). Patients with RR cHL received 240 mg nivolumab every 2 weeks for up to 6 cycles (C). Patients in complete response (CR) after C6 proceeded to AHCT, whereas patients with progressive disease at any point or not in CR after C6 received NICE for 2 cycles. The primary endpoint was CR rate per the 2014 Lugano classification at completion of protocol therapy. Forty-three patients were evaluable for toxicity; 42 were evaluable for response. Thirty-four patients received nivolumab alone, and 9 patients received nivolumab+NICE. No unexpected toxicities were observed after nivolumab or NICE. After nivolumab, the overall response rate (ORR) was 81%, and the CR rate was 71%. Among 9 patients who received NICE, all responded, with 8 (89%) achieving CR. At the end of protocol therapy, the ORR and CR rates were 93% and 91%. Thirty-three patients were bridged directly to AHCT, including 26 after Nivo alone. The 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival in all treated patients (n = 43) were 72% and 95%, respectively. Among 33 patients who bridged directly to AHCT, the 2-year PFS was 94% (95% CI: 78-98). PET-adapted sequential salvage therapy with nivolumab/nivolumab+NICE was well tolerated and effective, resulting in a high CR rate and bridging most patients to AHCT without chemotherapy. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov #NCT03016871.
Bite-size introduction to canine hematologic malignancies
Authors: Atherton Matthew J. , Mason Nicola J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHematologic malignancies are frequently diagnosed in dogs and result in a spectrum of clinical signs associated with specific disease types. The most frequently encountered hematologic tumors in dogs include lymphoma, lymphoid and myeloid leukemias, and mast cell, plasma cell, and histiocytic neoplasias. Coupled with the heterogeneous presentations of the different categories and subtypes of canine hematologic malignancies, outcomes for these tumors are also variable. Considering this, appropriate treatment options range from active surveillance to curative intent approaches harnessing surgical, chemotherapeutic, and radiation-based modalities. The underlying pathology of many of these diseases bears remarkable resemblance to that of the corresponding diagnosis made in human patients. We introduce some of the pathogenic drivers of canine hematologic cancers alongside their clinical presentations. An overview of standard-of-care therapies for each of these diseases is also provided. As comparative oncology gains recognition as a valuable setting in which to investigate the pathogenesis of neoplasia and provide powerful, clinically relevant, immunocompetent models for the evaluation of novel therapies, the number of clinicians and scientists participating in cancer research involving dogs is expected to increase. This review aims at providing an introductory overview of canine hematologic malignancies.
Whole genome sequences discriminate hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia phenotypes by non-HHT deleterious DNA variation
Authors: Joyce Katie E. , Onabanjo Ebun , Brownlow Sheila , Nur Fadumo , Olupona Kike , Fakayode Kehinde , Sroya Manveer , Thomas Geraldine A. , Ferguson Teena , Redhead Julian , Millar Carolyn M. , Cooper Nichola , Layton D. Mark , Boardman-Pretty Freya , Caulfield Mark J. ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, Shovlin Claire L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe abnormal vascular structures of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) often cause severe anemia due to recurrent hemorrhage, but HHT causal genes do not predict the severity of hematological complications. We tested for chance inheritance and clinical associations of rare deleterious variants in which loss-of-function causes bleeding or hemolytic disorders in the general population. In double-blinded analyses, all 104 patients with HHT from a single reference center recruited to the 100 000 Genomes Project were categorized on new MALO (more/as-expected/less/opposite) sub-phenotype severity scales, and whole genome sequencing data were tested for high impact variants in 75 HHT-independent genes encoding coagulation factors, or platelet, hemoglobin, erythrocyte enzyme, and erythrocyte membrane constituents. Rare variants (all gnomAD allele frequencies &lt;0.003) were identified in 56 (75%) of these 75 HHT-unrelated genes. Deleteriousness assignments by Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion (CADD) scores &gt;15 were supported by gene-level mutation significance cutoff scores. CADD &gt;15 variants were identified in 38/104 (36.5%) patients with HHT, found for 1 in 10 patients within platelet genes; 1 in 8 within coagulation genes; and 1 in 4 within erythrocyte hemolytic genes. In blinded analyses, patients with greater hemorrhagic severity that had been attributed solely to HHT vessels had more CADD-deleterious variants in platelet (Spearman ρ = 0.25; P = .008) and coagulation (Spearman ρ = 0.21; P = .024) genes. However, the HHT cohort had 60% fewer deleterious variants in platelet and coagulation genes than expected (Mann-Whitney test P = .021). In conclusion, patients with HHT commonly have rare variants in genes of relevance to their phenotype, offering new therapeutic targets and opportunities for informed, personalized medicine strategies.
A multicenter prospective cohort study to evaluate feasibility of radio-frequency identification surgical guidance for nonpalpable breast lesions: design and rationale of the RFID Localizer 1 Trial
Authors: den Dekker Bianca M. , Christenhusz Anke , van Dalen Thijs , Jongen Lisa M. , van der Schaaf Margreet C. , Dassen Anneriet E. , Pijnappel Ruud M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer screening and improving imaging techniques have led to an increase in the detection rate of early, nonpalpable breast cancers. For early breast cancer, breast conserving surgery is an effective and safe treatment. Accurate intraoperative lesion localization during breast conserving surgery is essential for adequate surgical margins while sparing surrounding healthy tissue to achieve optimal cosmesis. Preoperative wire localization and radioactive seed localization are accepted standard methods to guide surgical excision of nonpalpable breast lesions. However, these techniques present significant limitations. Radiofrequency identification (RFID) technology offers a new, nonradioactive method for localizing nonpalpable breast lesions in patients undergoing breast conserving surgery. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of RFID surgical guidance for nonpalpable breast lesions.

Methods
This multicenter prospective cohort study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University Medical Center Utrecht. Written informed consent is obtained from all participants. Women with nonpalpable, histologically proven in situ or invasive breast cancer, who can undergo breast conserving surgery with RFID localization are considered eligible for participation. An RFID tag is placed under ultrasound guidance, up to 30 days preoperatively. The surgeon localizes the RFID tag with a radiofrequency reader that provides audible and visual real-time surgical guidance.
The primary study outcome is the percentage of irradical excisions and reexcision rate, which will be compared to standards of the National Breast Cancer Organisation Netherlands (NABON)(≤ 15% irradical excisions of invasive carcinomas). Secondary outcomes include user acceptability/experiences, learning curve, duration and ease of the placement- and surgical procedure and adverse events.

Discussion
This study evaluates the feasibility of RFID surgical guidance for nonpalpable breast lesions. Results may have implications for the future localization techniques in women with nonpalpable breast cancer undergoing breast conserving surgery.

Trial registration
Netherlands National Trial Register, NL8019, registered on September 12th 2019.
MiR-106b-5p regulates esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression by binding to HPGD
Authors: Yang Fan , Sun Zhanwen , Wang Dengyun , Du Tian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Several studies have documented the key role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Although the expression of the 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (HPGD) gene and miR-106b-5p are reportedly linked to cancer progression, their underlying mechanisms in ESCC remain unclear.

Methods
mRNA and miRNA expression in ESCC tissues and cells were analyzed using RT-qPCR. Luciferase and RNA pull-down assays were used to identify the interaction between miR-106b-5p and HPGD. Xenograft and pulmonary metastasis models were used to assess tumor growth and metastasis. CCK-8, BrdU, colony formation, adhesion, cell wound healing, Transwell, and caspase-3/7 activity assays, and flow cytometry and western blot analyses were used to examine the function of miR-106-5p and HPGD in ESCC cell lines.

Results
The findings revealed that miR-106b-5p expression was upregulated in ESCC tissues and cell lines. miR-106b-5p augmented cellular proliferation, colony formation, adhesion, migration, invasion, and proportion of cells in the S-phase, but reduced apoptosis and the proportion of cells in G1-phase. Silencing of miR-106-5p inhibited tumor growth in vivo and pulmonary metastasis. Although HPGD overexpression suppressed proliferation, colony formation, adhesion, migration, and invasion of ESCC cells, it promoted apoptosis and caused cell cycle arrest of the ESCC cells. The results also indicated a direct interaction of HPGD with miR-106b-5p in ESCC cells. Furthermore, miR-106b-5p inhibited HPGD expression, thereby suppressing ESCC tumorigenesis.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that miR-106b-5p enhances proliferation, colony formation, adhesion, migration, and invasion, and induces the cycle progression, but represses apoptosis of ESCC cells by targeting HPGD. This suggests that the miR-106b-5p/HPGD axis may serve as a promising target for the diagnosis and treatment of ESCC.