bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality aspects of hospital-based physiotherapy from the perspective of key stakeholders: a qualitative study
Authors: Steenbruggen Rudi A , Dolleman Guido , van Heusden-Scholtalbers Linda AG , Maas Marjo , Hoogeboom Thomas J , Brand Paul , Wees Philip van der 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundFor the design of a robust quality system for hospital-based physiotherapy, it is important to know what key stakeholders consider quality to be.ObjectiveTo explore key stakeholders’ views on quality of hospital-based physiotherapy.MethodsWe conducted 53 semi-structured interviews with 62 representatives of five key stakeholder groups of hospital-based physiotherapy: medical specialists, hospital managers, boards of directors, multidisciplinary colleagues and patients. Audio recordings of these interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed with thematic analysis.ResultsAccording to the interviewees, quality of hospital-based physiotherapy is characterised by: (1) a human approach, (2) context-specific and up-to-date applicable knowledge and expertise, (3) providing the right care in the right place at the right time, (4) a proactive departmental policy in which added value for the hospital is transparent, (5) professional development and innovation based on a vision on science and developments in healthcare, (6) easy access and awareness of one’s own and others’ position within the interdisciplinary cooperation and (7) ensuring a continuum of care with the inclusion of preclinical and postclinical care of patients.ConclusionsImportant quality aspects in the perspective of all stakeholders were an expertise that matches the specific pathology of the patient, the hospital-based physiotherapist being a part of the care team, and the support and supervision of all patients concerning physical functioning during the hospitalisation period. Whereas patients mainly mentioned the personal qualities of the physiotherapist, the other stakeholders mainly focused on professional and organisational factors. The results of this study offer opportunities for hospital-based physiotherapy to improve the quality of provided care seen from the perspective of key stakeholders.
Anatomical study of the medial branches of the lumbar dorsal rami: implications for image-guided intervention
Authors: Tran John , Peng Philip , Loh Eldon 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionFluoroscopic-guided radiofrequency ablation of the lumbar medial branches is commonly performed to manage chronic low back pain originating from the facet joints. A detailed understanding of the course of medial branches in relation to bony and soft tissue landmarks is paramount to optimizing lumbar denervation procedures, particularly parallel placement of the radiofrequency electrode. The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship of medial branches to anatomical landmarks and discuss the implications for lumbar denervation.MethodsTen cadaveric specimens were meticulously dissected. The origin, course, and relationship of lumbar medial branches to bony and soft tissue landmarks were documented.ResultsThe medial branches followed the lateral neck of superior articular process deep to the intertransversarii mediales muscle at each lumbar vertebral level. In all specimens, the medial branches coursed laterally on the anterior half of the neck and transitioned from parasagittal-to-medial on the posterior half to reach the mamillo-accessory notch. The mamillo-accessory ligament was found to not occlude the nerve on the posterior quarter of the lateral neck but rather at the mamillo-accessory notch located at the posterior margin of the superior articular process.DiscussionA detailed understanding of the relationship of medial branches to anatomical landmarks is essential to optimizing needle placement for lumbar denervation procedures. The current study suggests that a parasagittal placement, with increased cranial-to-caudal angulation of the electrode, may improve parallel tip alignment with the targeted medial branch and represent a potential alternative to the traditional technique.
Grading scale based on arcuate fasciculus segmentation to predict postoperative language outcomes of brain arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Jiao Yuming , Zhao Shaozhi , Li Hao , Wu Jun , Weng Jiancong , Huo Ran , Wang Jie , Wang Shuo , Cao Yong , Zhao Ji Zong 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveThe long-term postoperative language outcomes for brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) have not been well characterised. With fibres scattered in the Broca’s, Wernicke’s and Geschwind’s area, the arcuate fasciculus (AF) is considered as a crucial structure of language function. This study aimed to observe the language outcomes, determine the risk factors and construct a grading system for long-term postoperative language deficits (LDs) in patients with bAVMs involving the AF (AF-bAVMs).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 135 patients with AF-bAVMs. Based on the course of the AF and our clinical experience, three boundary lines were drawn to divide the AF into segments I, II, III and IV in spatial order from the frontal lobe to the temporal lobe. Surgery-related LD evaluations were performed 1 week (short term) and at the last follow-up (long term) after surgery. Finally, based on multivariable logistic regression analysis, a grading system was constructed to predict long-term postoperative LD. The predictive accuracy was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsSixty-two (45.9%) patients experienced short-term postoperative LD. After a mean follow-up of 50.2±24.9 months, long-term LD was found in 14 (10.4%) patients. Nidus size (p=0.007), LD history (p=0.009) and segment II involvement (p=0.030) were independent risk factors for short-term LD. Furthermore, segment II involvement (p=0.002), anterior choroidal artery (AChA) feeding (p=0.001), patient age (p=0.023) and LD history (p=0.001) were independent risk factors for long-term LD. A grading system was developed by combining the risk factors for long-term LD; its predictive accuracy was 0.921.ConclusionsThe involvement of the trunk of the AF between Broca’s area and the inferior parietal lobule, a nidus supplied by the AChA, older patient age and history of LD were associated with long-term postoperative LD. The grading system combining these factors demonstrated favourable predictive accuracy for long-term language outcomes.
Exploration of New Sensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy Targeting Deep Cancer Treatment
Authors: Chen Wei 
Published: May 2022

Despite its advantages, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has one major drawback: penetration depth. This limits the use of conventional PDT methods to skin (surface) tumors only, making it ineffective for deep tumors. There are four possible solutions for the light delivery for deep tumor treatment: particles activated by near-infrared (NIR) light, up-conversion of nanoparticles that absorb NIR light and emit visible light for other photosensitizers (PSs), fiber optics and ionizing X-rays. Of these options, the best is X-rays. Near-infrared light can penetrate only 5[Formula: see text]mm in tissue while retaining enough energy to activate the PSs. The use of fiber optics is neither convenient nor efficient as it cannot effectively and evenly activate the photosensitizers. It is also almost impossible for the treatment of metastatic sites or lymph nodes involved with this disease, unless they are located in the region where light delivery is feasible. In contrast with the other methods, X-rays can easily penetrate as deeply as necessary into the patients, and are convenient as they are commonly used in cancer therapy. The use of novel copper–cysteamine (Cu–Cy) nanoparticles is a good solution for overcoming these issues because Cu–Cy nanoparticles can be effectively activated by X-rays to produce singlet oxygen, which makes it very efficient for deep cancer treatment. Here, I will discuss the use of copper–cysteamine nanoparticles to enhance radiation therapy in combination with PDT and targeting therapies.
Constitutions vs. COVID-19: CrowdLaw as an Alternative in Crisis and Recovery
Authors: Sierra Jose M. Martinez 
Published: May 2022

Coronavirus has activated the main constitutional mechanisms set in place to face exceptional circumstances in all countries that can be considered consolidated democracies. Constitutional systems make it possible for constituent powers to limit fundamental rights that are the cornerstone for the full exercise of citizenship in a democracy. Thus, for example, lockdowns and limitations on gatherings,
de iure and de facto
, limit or eliminate the right to assembly.

Exception—constitutional instruments, that also allow for the transfer of parliamentary functions to the Executive power, are mostly designed, and many times thought to be exclusively used in extreme circumstances: wars or natural disasters that have an immediate impact on millions of people (causing death, the loss of the home or massive displacement, etc.). In these cases, it is assumed that parliaments and citizens must enter survival mode, and because of that, there is no reason to think that any type of citizen participation is possible.
However, despite the gravity of COVID-19, the situation does not conform to the pattern I have just described. Most citizens, surely those that tend to participate in the ordinary democratic process, have been able to adapt their lives to the confines of their own homes thanks to civic responsibility and technology: work, education, socialization, shopping, etc. If this is so, why has the decision-making process not been able to adapt to the COVID pandemic? Furthermore, if citizen input is essential to control the situation and social distancing is a must, why is technology not the cornerstone of citizen's data recollection?
This work analyzes the existing constitutional framework and the main governmental measures (norms and actions) adopted, in order to detect in which stages (out of the five basic policy and law-making stages) citizen participation could have been integrated, and how CrowdLaw might have helped to make participation more effective, and if CrowdLaw can help palliate the constitutional impact resulting from a pandemic, particularly in regard to the exercise of citizen participation, and in improving the quality and effectiveness of any measure that has been adopted. I argue that constitutional norms are compatible with CrowdLaw because they do not rule out the activation of CrowdLaw procedures neither in normal nor in exceptional circumstances.
Disfunções músculo-esqueléticas em pacientes com hipotireoidismo subclínico
Authors: Reuters Vaneska Spinelli , Teixeira Patrícia de Fátima dos Santos , Castro Carmen Lucia Natividade de , Almeida Cloyra Pereira , Cardoso Helena Roisman , Porciúncula Igor Mamed , Nobre Thais Helena Serta , Reis Fabíola Alves Aarão , Buescu Alexandru , Vaisman Mario 
Published: May 2022

O presente trabalho objetiva verificar a presença de alterações músculo-esqueléticas em pacientes com HS. Avaliados 31 pacientes acompanhados no ambulatório de endocrinologia do HUCFF-UFRJ (27 mulheres e 2 homens com idade entre 18 e 75 anos) com pelo menos duas dosagens elevadas de TSH. Todos receberam uma pontuação (score) baseada na escala de Billewicz modificada por Zulewski. Foram aplicados testes musculares manuais (TMM) para as cinturas escapular e pelvica; medida a força muscular de quadríceps em dinamômetro de cadeira eletromecânico; e estimada a força dos músculos inspiratórios através do registro da pressão inspiratória máxima com manovacuômetro. Score < 3 (normal) foi observado em 11 pacientes (35,5%); entre 3 e 5 (disfunção subclínica) em 14 (45,1%) e superior a 5 (hipotireoidismo) em 6 (19,4%). Fadiga foi uma queixa freqüente (45%) e apresentou associação positiva com score maior que 2. O comprometimento da força muscular periférica (alteração no TMM) foi encontrado em 14% dos pacientes. Diminuição grave da força inspiratória (< 60% do previsto) estava presente em 28 participantes (51,6%). Nenhuma das demais alterações encontradas mostraram associação com o escore ou níveis de TSH. A redução da força muscular inspiratória e proximal pode contribuir para a referida fadiga. A ausência de associação estatística entre essas variáveis deverá ser melhor esclarecida com o aumento da amostra e com a inclusão de um grupo controle pareado além do desenvolvimento de um estudo prospectivo com utilização de levotiroxina e placebo.
Following Richard Burton: Religious Identity and Difference in Colonial Sindh
Authors: Shahani Uttara 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Richard Burton, soldier, ethnographer, translator, philologist, and colonial intelligence-gatherer spent the early years of his career in Sindh and was the first and primary colonial ethnographer of Sindh. Burton was clearly attracted to the ecumenical complexity of Sindhi religious practice but was hostile in his descriptions of Sindh’s Hindus whom he viewed as a corrupt and scheming “race,” subjecting the Muslims of the province to their tyranny. The article examines how Burton’s racialised ethnographies of Sindh cast Sindh as distinct from “India” and Hindus as outsider immigrants to the province. Paradoxically, Burton’s narratives also created Sindh as the space par excellence of the negation of religious categories. However, this categorisation of Sindh also highlighted it as a space distinct from India. In conclusion, the article shows how the idea of Sindh’s separate identity maintained a strong afterlife in colonial Sindh, rearticulated in certain key contexts.
Spotlighting Research During COVID-19: Introduction of an International Online Multi-Round Research Competition for Trainees
Authors: Thomas Hannah S. , Siki Mary A. , Lansing Shan S. , Zogg Cheryl K. , Patrick Bridget , Towe Christopher W. , Stein Sharon L. 
Published: May 2022

Problem The coronavirus pandemic led to the cancellation of many academic events. While some transitioned to virtual formats, others disappeared, offering fewer opportunities for trainees to share research. Facing this challenge, the Association of Women Surgeons developed a novel approach. Designed to promote greater global inclusion, increase audience engagement and opportunities for networking and feedback from practicing surgeons, they restructured their annual trainee research symposium as a virtual, multi-round competition. Approach Submission to the research competition was open to trainees at any level. The competition comprised four rounds: (1) visual abstracts (all welcomed), (2) three-minute “Quickshot” presentation (32 advance), (3) eight-minute oral presentations (16 advance), and (4) final question-and-answer style defense (final 4 compete). Progression through the first three rounds was determined by public voting. Winners were determined by live voting during the final session. Outcomes A total of 73 visual abstracts were accepted for presentation. Fifty-six percent (n = 41) of first authors were medical students, 36% residents (n = 26), and 7% fellows (n = 6). Five were from international first authors (7%). Abstracts represented research topics including basic science (n = 6, 8%)), clinical outcomes (n = 38, 52%), and education (n = 29, 40%). Social media impressions exceeded a total of 30,000 views. Next Steps This virtual, multi-round research competition served as a blueprint for a novel approach to research dissemination. The format enabled expanded US national and international engagement with trainees in all stages of their career. Future research symposia should consider the impact of popularity bias, timing, and voting strategies during the event planning period to optimize success.
Imperial Rule and Long-Run Development: Evidence on the Role of Human Capital in Ottoman Europe
Authors: Popescu Bogdan G. , Popa Mircea 
Published: May 2022

This study examines the effects of Ottoman imperial rule on long-run development in Europe. Using a novel geographical dataset that tracks territorial changes at the sub-national level over 600 years, we identify a negative effect of Ottoman rule on modern economic performance. Contemporary survey data provides strong support for a causal mechanism involving reduced human capital accumulation. This insight is confirmed by a regression discontinuity analysis using historical data from Romania. We uncover large causal effects of Ottoman rule on literacy rates from the 19th century, which persisted throughout the 20th century. We argue that the late adoption of the printing press in the empire was an important determinant of low human capital accumulation and illustrate this using data on the spread of the printing press.
Enhancement of the mechanical and acoustical properties of flexible polyurethane foam/waste seashell composites for industrial applications
Authors: Maamoun AA , El-Wakil AA , El-Basheer Tarek M 
Published: May 2022

The importance of this work is the use of waste seashells WSS (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 wt.%) as a bio-filler to enhance the mechanical and acoustical characteristics of flexible polyurethane foam (FPU). Petroleum-based polyol was partially replaced by 25% castor oil resulting in high renewable content. The WSS was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The chemical structure and morphological features for castor oil-based flexible polyurethane waste seashells (CO-FPU-WSS) composites were detected using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, respectively. Besides, the mechanical, non-acoustical and acoustical properties were investigated. The results indicated that bio-based FPU composites possessed better compressive strength than neat FPU foam. In addition, FPU composites enhance the sound absorption below 500 Hz. A 6 cm air gap behind the sample shifted the absorption toward 400 Hz (0.85) for CO-FPU-WSS 25% composite with a broader band. Thus, the FPU foam composite is considered a promising candidate for sound absorption applications such as for the automotive and building industries.
Mariátegui’s Thought and the Solidarity Economy: A Contemporary Dialogue?
Authors: Ferrarini Adriane Vieira , Ramos César Miguel Salinas 
Published: May 2022

A dialogue between Mariátegui’s thought and the solidarity economy, identifying convergences and lessons, finds that the solidarity economy encounters Mariáteguist thought in its critique of positivist modernity and dogmatic Marxism and its proposal of an emancipating and decolonizing praxis as a heroic creation. The solidarity economy provides the foundations for the material and spiritual reproduction of community and nature through the political work forged in everyday associative and self-managed labor. Un diálogo entre el pensamiento de Mariátegui y la economía solidaria, identificando convergencias y lecciones, nos muestra que la economía solidaria va al encuentro del pensamiento mariateguista en su crítica de la modernidad positivista y el marxismo dogmático, así como su propuesta de una praxis emancipadora y descolonizadora como creación heroica. La economía solidaria sienta las bases para la reproducción material y espiritual de la comunidad y la naturaleza a través del trabajo político forjado en la labor cotidiana asociativa y autogestionada.
Program Redesign Toward Democratic Teacher Education
Authors: Philip Thomas M. , Patel Sonal , Beckham Kyle , De Cediel Nives Wetzel , Disston Jacob , Salasin Elisa , Altshcul Sarah R. 
Published: May 2022

Background: We build on participatory and critical understandings of democracy to analyze a two-and-a-half-year collaborative redesign of our teacher education program. Purpose: To theorize and design for the seemingly everyday, ordinary, and unremarkable work it takes for teacher education programs to embody democratic principles and practices—an effort that is simultaneously outward and inward looking. Research Design: Self-study. Findings/Results: We outline three organizing principles for teacher education redesign: (1) collectively name the societal purpose(s) that will guide our work as teachers and teacher educators; (2) develop a programmatic lens that allows us to see our individual contributions to a program as they relate to the holistic preparation of novice teachers; and (3) deliberately co-construct and sustain open participatory spaces so that various constituents of a program of teacher education learn to practice and enact the first two principles. Conclusion: Our analysis contributes to a theory and practice of democratic teacher education that is grounded in the everydayness of programs and has the interpretive power to understand and help transform the obstacles, structures, and relationships that hinder justice-oriented, reflexive, deliberative, participatory, educative democratic practice in teacher education.
Examining Teacher Candidates’ Backgrounds, Experiences, and Beliefs as Precursors for Developing Dispositions for Democracy
Authors: Lampert Jo , Browne Stevie 
Published: May 2022

Background/Context: In this article, we draw on Villegas’s explanations of beliefs as precursors to social justice dispositions and Mills et al.’s Australian research about social justice dispositions as either affirmative or transformative. These conceptual positions assist us in understanding the beliefs that are derived from applicants’ schooling and life experiences. Purpose of Study: The article reports on how 46 candidates applying for an Australian equity-oriented initial teacher education (ITE) program described their backgrounds and beliefs around social justice. The purpose of the research is to understand starting point beliefs in order to design a strongly democratic teacher education program for historically hard-to-staff schools. Setting: Expressions of interest were analyzed from applications to an Australian ITE program designed to prepare teachers for hard-to-staff urban and rural secondary schools in Victoria, Australia. Research Design: This research is a qualitative critical discourse analysis. Our initial activity involved grouping statements using the following five codes: their firsthand, personal backgrounds of disadvantage; their secondhand experience with disadvantage, such as seeing racism from afar or volunteering; their belief statements about equity or social justice; their deficit positions or stereotypes; and their overtly activist statements. Findings/Results: Finding that some of these discourses were much more common than others, we were able to examine applicants’ social justice discourses more deeply. We contend that democratic discourses can be seen on a kind of continuum, with weaker (or thinner) and stronger versions. In general, a weaker version of equity includes generic inclusive beliefs about everyone being equal, whereas a stronger version demonstrates a more complex understanding of social inequities and a commitment to changing systems rather than individuals. Within each category, there were glimpses of weaker and stronger activist experiences and beliefs that we consider precursors to strong social justice or democratic teacher dispositions. Conclusions/Recommendations: Rather than determining selection into the program, the candidates’ social justice statements made in their expressions of interest (EOIs) became starting points to design a program that prepares teachers who are knowledgeable agents of social change. Their statements guided us to understand these starting points in relation to how the candidates narrated their backgrounds, experiences, and beliefs, and enabled us to better explore how social justice is interpreted.