bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combinatorial interpretation of BMP and WNT allows BMP to act as a morphogen in time but not in concentration
Authors: Camacho-Aguilar Elena , Yoon Sumin , Ortiz-Salazar Miguel A. , Warmflash Aryeh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSecreted morphogen signals play a key role in the determination of cell fates during embryonic development. BMP signaling is essential for mammalian gastrulation, as it initiates a cascade of signals that controls the self-organized patterning of the three germ layers. Although morphogen signals are typically thought to induce cell fates in a concentration-dependent manner, development is a highly dynamic process, so it is crucial to understand how time-dependent signaling affects cellular differentiation. Here we show that varying the duration of BMP signaling in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) leads to either cells remaining pluripotent, or differentiating to mesodermal or extraembryonic states, while varying the concentration does not cause efficient mesodermal differentiation at any dose. Thus, there is a morphogen effect in time but not in concentration, and an appropriately timed pulse of BMP induces hPSCs to a mesodermal fate more efficiently than sustained signaling at any concentration. Using live cell imaging of signaling and cell fate reporters together with a simple mathematical model, we show that this effect is due to a combinatorial interpretation of the applied BMP signal and induced endogenous WNT signaling. Our findings have implications for how signaling pathways control the landscape of early human development.
Inflammation-Responsive Micellar Nanoparticles from Degradable Polyphosphoramidates for Targeted Delivery to Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Liang Yifei , Sullivan Holly L. , Carrow Kendal , Korpanty Joanna , Worthington Kendra , Luo Colin , Christman Karen L. , Gianneschi Nathan C. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTNanoparticles that undergo a localized morphology change to target areas of inflammation have been previously developed but are limited by their lack of biodegradability. In this paper, we describe a low ring strain cyclic olefin monomer, 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenoxy-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-1,3,2-diazaphosphepine 2-oxide (MePTDO), that rapidly polymerizes via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) at room temperature to generate well-defined degradable polyphosphoramidates with high monomer conversion (>84%). Efficient MePTDO copolymerizations with norbornene-based monomers are demonstrated, including a norbornenyl monomer functionalized with a peptide substrate for inflammation-associated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The resulting amphiphilic peptide brush copolymers self-assembled in aqueous solution to generate micellar nanoparticles (30 nm in diameter) which exhibit excellent cyto- and hemocompatibility and undergo MMP-induced assembly into micron scale aggregates. As MMPs are upregulated in the heart post-myocardial infarction (MI), the MMP-responsive micelles were applied to target and accumulate in the infarcted heart following intravenous administration in a rat model of MI. These particles displayed a distinct biodistribution and clearance pattern in comparison to non-degradable analogues. Specifically, accumulation at the site of MI, competed with elimination predominantly through the kidney rather than the liver. Together, these results suggest this as a promising new biodegradable platform for inflammation targeted delivery.
Diversity within olfactory sensory derivatives revealed by the contribution of Dbx1 lineages
Authors: Causeret Frédéric , Fayon Maxime , Moreau Matthieu X. , Ne Enrico , Oleari Roberto , Parras Carlos , Cariboni Anna , Pierani Alessandra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn vertebrates, the embryonic olfactory epithelium contains progenitors that will give rise to distinct classes of neurons, including olfactory sensory neurons (OSN, involved in odor detection), vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSN, responsible for pheromone sensing) and GnRH neurons that control the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Currently, these three neuronal lineages are usually believed to emerge from uniform pools of progenitors. Here we found that the homeodomain transcription factor Dbx1 is expressed by neurogenic progenitors in the developing and adult mouse olfactory epithelium. We demonstrate that Dbx1 itself is dispensable for neuronal fate specification and global organization of the olfactory sensory system. Using lineage tracing we characterize the contribution of Dbx1 lineages to OSN, VSN and GnRH neuron populations and reveal an unexpected degree of diversity. Furthermore, we demonstrate thatDbx1-expressing progenitors remain neurogenic in the absence of the proneural geneAscl1. Our work therefore points to the existence of distinct neurogenic programs in Dbx1-derived and other olfactory lineages.
One ranking method of interval grey number based on generalised greyness
Authors: Li Xican , Li Li 
Published: November 2022

PurposeIn order to reflect the essential characteristics of interval grey number and study the ranking method of interval grey number as a whole, this paper aims to establish a ranking method of interval grey number.Design/methodology/approachFirst, based on the generalised greyness of interval grey number, the definitions of referenced grey number and proximity degree are given. Second, based on the greyness distance of interval grey number, the proximity degree model is constructed and its properties are analysed. Finally, some examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proximity degree model.FindingsThe results show that the index of proximity degree can better reflect the degree that the interval grey number is relatively close to the referenced grey number in different cases. The proximity degree model used to compare interval grey numbers is an extension of the model used to compare real numbers. The examples show that the proximity degree model of interval grey number proposed in this paper is feasible and effective.Practical implicationsThe research studies show that the proximity degree model can be used for the ranking of interval grey numbers or real numbers and also for the ranking of numbers where interval grey numbers coexist with real numbers. In addition, the proximity degree model provides a theoretical basis for the establishment of grey comprehensive evaluation model.Originality/valueThe paper succeeds in putting forward the conceptions of referenced grey number and proximity degree based on the generalised greyness of interval grey number and constructing the proximity degree model for the ranking of interval grey number.
“A time for noble enthusiasms”: schools and Anzac commemoration, 1916–1918
Authors: Cryle Mark 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine Anzac Day commemoration in schools during World War 1.Design/methodology/approachEmpirical research from newspapers and education department publications is used to illustrate key themes in these commemorations.FindingsDespite claims made at the time that school commemorations did not promote militarism, the available evidence proves the fallacy of these assertions. Moreover, schools became very significant sites for the institutionalising of Anzac Day and shaping it in quite specific ways.Originality/valueWhile other authors have examined the militarisation of schools in Australia in the early decades of the 20th century, no study has focussed on schools specifically in relation to Anzac Day.
How to prevent incivility from women employees? The role of psychological contract violation, aggressive reciprocal attitude and conscientiousness
Authors: Gervasi Deborah , Faldetta Guglielmo , Zollo Lamberto 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThe present work investigates the micro-mechanisms underlying the link between psychological contract violation (PCV) and incivility in women employees. Building on social exchange theory (SET) and the norm of reciprocity, the authors utilized a multi-dimensional variable, labeled “Aggressive Reciprocal Attitude” (ARA), composed of three sub-constructs, namely anger, hostility and negative reciprocity, to explain negative women's uncivil behaviors. Further, the effect of conscientiousness is hypothesized to restrain the mechanism of ARA.Design/methodology/approachConfirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Covariance-based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) were used on a sample of 194 women from 4 different organizations to empirically validate the proposed conceptual model and test the hypothesized relationships.FindingsWomen's ARA is shown as a partial mediator of the relationship between PCV and incivility. Conscientiousness significantly moderates the link between ARA and incivility.Practical implicationsManagers should avoid stereotyping women as more compliant and submissive. Based on women's tendency to reciprocate negatively, this study’s findings suggest that reducing the negative reciprocity attitude is advisable by demonstrating that negative responses are an unsuccessful strategy and encouraging other forms of reaction.Originality/valueBy introducing the negative reciprocity attitude in the construction of the variable ARA, the authors overcome the contradiction between the social role theory, according to which women avoid unsociable behaviors, and studies demonstrating a remarkable presence of conflicts among women.
Barbarians inside the gates: how private equity firms create value
Authors: Krysta Peter M. , Jauch-Degenkolb Janina , Kanbach Dominik K. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
Facing increased asset prices and growing competition, private equity firms needed to innovate their established business model and shift from focusing on financial engineering to creating operating value. Yet, the authors understand little about how private equity firms increase the value of companies in their portfolios. This paper aims to shed light on organizational strategies, activities and governance principles that private equity firms use to create value.

Design/methodology/approach
This investigation combines several qualitative research approaches. Using in-depth interviews with executives in 35 private equity firms, the authors define industry-specific design principles for value creation using a Gioia methodology. They then use the Eisenhardt methodology to make in-depth case comparisons among sample firms.

Findings
Private equity firms employ one of four strategies – labeled “Infiltrator,” “Consultant,” “Organizer” or “Investor” – to create value in portfolio companies, each with a different organizational structure, level of cooperation between investor and portfolio firm and specific configuration of design elements.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to focus on private equity value creation strategies from an organizational perspective. To their knowledge, no other publication has tapped this deeply into the interface between the private equity firm and the portfolio company to define the exact approach taken by the firm. This study contributes to the emerging discussion around the nonfinancial inputs to value creation. In addition, this qualitative research design is underrepresented in private equity research.
Legacies of post-colonial internal migration in coastal India-the case of Udupi
Authors: Rao Vidya , Nandineni Rama Devi 
Published: November 2022

PurposeMainstream narratives in Indian history do not delve into the checkered history of the west coast. The reasons for this are many, including a predominantly center-outwards viewpoint of historians. West coast has always been open to sea route influences aiding its diversity. However, the lack of natural defense against colonizers from the sea destroyed indigenous and personal heritage. Small town narratives include uprooting, lack of access to past heritage and new settlement creation. The heritage of this everyday landscape shaped by human grit is the subject of the study.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative ethnographic study includes document analysis, transect walking, architectural built form study, open interviews and participatory observations.FindingsThe motivations for heritage management can be grouped into economic, cultural and technological. From a financial point of view, the urban core studied is still relevant and sustainable. Likewise, the Krishna temple dominates the cultural discussion and architectural documentation as a religious center. However, the cultural heritage of business streets and the third motivation of building technology have been largely ignored. This disregard is evident from neglect and the pastiche use of monumental or ornamental styles alien to the region for restoration efforts.Social implications“Heritage is personal and individual as well as collective and universal” (Mire, 2016). The Pete heritage is not just crucial for the communities they house but the town as a whole. Their nonimpervious nature means that they hold collective memories for everyone. Attention to memories and monuments will increase the possibilities of shared responsibility between various stakeholders (Swenson et al., 2012). Therefore, they should be seen as a part of the larger whole.Originality/valueThis paper argues for the recent global bottom-up approach in heritage management rather than the conventional established practices. Established heritage management focuses on the mainstream, royal or specific ethnic heritage in the Indian subcontinent. The heritage of the common person rarely has the grandeur of monumental architecture taken up for preservation by the state. As a result, societies' individual and collective heritage are at risk of rapid erasure under the pressures of modernization. Built forms are repositories of cultural information; therefore, a sustainable instrument for the preservation of everyday heritage can be created with culture as an actuator. This study looks at the narrative of the historical coastal small-town business core created by internal mass migration due to colonization.
Access to educated workforce and the choice of external audit: international evidence from small and medium enterprises
Authors: Farooq Omar , Bakhadirov Mukhammadfoik 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
This study aims to document the effect of educated workforce on the decision of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to use external auditors to verify their financial statements.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses the probit regression models and the data from 141 developing countries to test the arguments presented in this paper. The data is provided by the World Bank’s Enterprise Surveys and is collected during the period between 2006 and 2020.

Findings
The paper shows that SMEs with inadequate access to educated workforce are more likely to use external auditors to verify their financial statements. The findings are robust to the comprehensive inclusion of relevant controls and to a number of sensitivity tests. The sensitivity tests include dividing samples based on SME’s size, country’s gross domestic product and country’s location. The results also remain qualitatively the same after correcting for potential endogeneity concerns. Furthermore, the paper shows that the relationship between access to educated workforce and the choice of external audit is moderated by several SME-specific characteristics, such as its size, ownership concentration, managerial experience and tax-related problems.

Originality/value
This is an initial attempt to highlight the role played by the quality of workforce on the choice of external audit among SMEs in an international context. Most of prior literature on this topic focuses on the publicly listed firms.
Italian and British therapeutic communities: common threads from the 1960s to the 2010s
Authors: Haigh Rex , Lees Jan 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
This study aims to describe Italian and UK therapeutic community developments during 1960–2021.

Design/methodology/approach
Historical review and personal experience.

Findings
After significant divergence in the nature of “therapeutic communities”, mostly based on the different sociopolitical contexts in the two countries, areas of formal rapprochement have been emerging in the past 20 years.

Research limitations/implications
The details of how therapeutic communities developed in Italy, particularly in the wake of Law 180, deserves investigation and comparison to the UK and other countries.

Practical implications
The recent collaborative work in quality, training and research could support the future use of therapeutic communities and enabling environments.

Social implications
The underlying principle of “relational practice”, which underlies the therapeutic community approach, could have wider implication in public services beyond mental health.

Originality/value
Much has been written about the progressive intentions of Italian mental health with Law 180, but not with a specific focus on therapeutic communities – which were an important initial impetus for Basaglia and his equipé.
Rock physics modelling‐based characterization of deep and tight mixed sedimentary (clastic and carbonate) reservoirs: A case study from North Potwar Basin of Pakistan
Authors: Durrani Muhammad Zahid A. , Rahman Syed Atif , Talib Maryam , Subhani Ghulam , Sarosh Bakhtawer 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRock physics modelling in deeply buried tight carbonate reservoirs is more challenging than the clastic reservoir because of its complex pore systems. Therefore, modelling complex pore geometries in carbonates reservoir plays an important role in the geophysical measurements to infer pore‐type distribution and their volume fraction, which control the fluid flow properties governed by their complex geological history. This paper presents the use of a robust and practical integrated and iterative seismic petrophysics, and rock physics modelling workflow for the characterization of a deep tight mixed (carbonate and clastic) sedimentary reservoir of a recently discovered oil field located in the Potwar Basin onshore Pakistan. The case study incorporates a careful assessment of well‐log data quality, workflow used for well data conditioning and consequent improvement in data quality, seismic petrophysics and rock physics modelling results. Rock physics diagnostics identified data quality issues and rectified them using appropriate measures to ensure that the rock physics modelling scheme reliably predicts elastic logs honouring different pore types (reference, soft, stiff and cracks) distribution validating from the well observations. Two inclusion‐based rock physics models (Xu and Payne for carbonate and Keys and Xu for clastic) are used to predict rock elastic (P‐sonic, S‐sonic and density) properties responses. Utmost care is exercised to integrate all available data/information, such as Formation Micro‐Imager, mud‐log, testing data and calibrated pore‐type inversion results from well‐log data with the pore geometry revealed by Formation Micro‐Imager and core information. The rock physics modelling provided consistency between elastic and petrophysical properties by calibrating the estimated properties with the measure logs and improved understanding in terms of lithology and fluid separation in the tight carbonate interval. Finally, rock physics‐modelled elastic logs (P‐sonic, S‐sonic and density) are used along with seismic data (partial stacks) and horizons interpretation model to compute pre‐stack synthetic seismograms to calibrate with the preconditioned seismic data. A significant improvement in the well‐to‐seismic calibration is achieved from rock physics modelled logs compared with the original (measured) elastic logs at well location using pre‐stack seismic data, which, further, can help produce reliable reservoir rock properties of interest from the inversion of seismic data.
Experimental evidence that leaf litter decomposability and flammability are decoupled across gymnosperm species
Authors: Zhang Shudong , Cornwell William K. , Zhao Weiwei , van Logtestijn Richard S. P. , Krab Eveline J. , Aerts Rien , Cornelissen Johannes H. C. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Biological decomposition and wildfire are two predominant and alternative processes that can mineralize organic C in forest litter. Currently, the relationships between decomposition and fire are still poorly understood.

We provide an empirical test of the hypothesized decoupling of surface litter bed decomposability and flammability, and the underlying traits and trait spectra.

We employed a 41‐species set of gymnosperms of very broad evolutionary and geographic spread, because of the wide range of (absent to frequent) fire regimes they are associated with.

We found that the interspecific pattern of mass loss proportions in a “common garden” decomposition experiment was not correlated with any of the flammability parameters and an RDA analysis also showed that the decomposability and flammability of leaf litter in litter layers were decoupled across species. This decoupling originates from the former depending mostly on size and shape spectrum traits and the latter on PES traits and those trait spectra being virtually uncorrelated.

Synthesis: Our results show that, indeed, leaf litter decomposability and flammability parameters are decoupled across species, and this decoupling can be explained by their different drivers in terms of trait spectra: chemical traits for decomposability and size‐shape traits for litter layer flammability.
Lianas have a faster resource acquisition strategy than trees: Below‐ground evidence from root traits, phylogeny and the root economics space
Authors: Wang Siyuan , Wang Wenna , Gu Jiacun , Li Zhongyue , Wang Yan , Yang Lixue 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

The competitive advantage of lianas over trees has been widely documented in studies of their leaf functional traits across diverse habitats; however, the relative contribution of root functional traits to the competitive superiority of lianas over trees has not yet been evaluated. The aim of this study was to explore the root functional traits, phylogenetic structure of these traits and root trait dimensions of lianas to clarify why lianas can outperform trees.

We sampled 69 liana species from tropical and temperate forests in China and measured nine key functional traits of first‐order roots of each species, including morphological, architectural, anatomical and chemical traits, as well as the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization. Data on these traits were then compared with similar data of 127 tree species from the same biome obtained from the Global Root Traits (GRooT) database and our previous studies.

Liana roots had lower construction costs and could acquire resources more rapidly compared with tree roots. Significant differences were observed in most tree root traits between tropical and temperate sites. However, no significant differences were observed in any of the liana root traits between tropical and temperate sites, apart from the root branching ratio.

Lianas showed much weaker phylogenetic conservatism in their root traits than trees when species were pooled across sites. Phylogenetic constraint was lower for nearly all root traits of both temperate lianas and trees compared with those of tropical lianas and trees.

The root economics space of lianas and trees had two orthogonal dimensions with ‘conservation’ and ‘collaboration’ axes. However, lianas occupied the trait space with higher root nitrogen concentration and greater specific root length, showing ‘fast’ resource acquisition strategy, while trees placed opposite space and exhibited relatively ‘slow’ strategy.

Synthesis. The ability of lianas to outcompete trees in harsh environments might be explained by their faster resource acquisition strategy and the lower phylogenetic constraint in root traits. Generally, lianas might play an increasingly important role in the structure and function of forest ecosystems in the future with ongoing habitat fragmentation and climate change.