bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inundaciones y cambio climático: certezas e incertidumbres en el camino a la adaptación
Authors: Benito Gerardo , Beneyto Carles , Aranda José Ángel , Machado Maria J. , Francés Félix , Sánchez-Moya Yolanda 
Published: February 2022

En la actualidad existe una gran incertidumbre de los efectos del cambio climático en la peligrosidad de las inundaciones. Estos caudales extremos dependen de las características de las cuencas y representan una respuesta local que, a menudo, no pueden interpretarse a partir de los modelos de clima. En la práctica, esta incertidumbre dificulta la adaptación a los riesgos futuros según el mandato de la Directiva Europea de Inundaciones (2007/60/EC). En un caso de estudio (Rambla de la Viuda, Castellón) se ha aplicado un análisis de caudales máximos (recurrencia de 100 años) en base a proyecciones de precipitación extrema (escenario RCP 8.5) realizadas con modelos de clima regionales (Eurocordex), y convertidos en caudal instantáneo mediante un modelo hidrológico distribuido (TETIS). El análisis muestra una elevada variabilidad en los resultados, siendo difícil determinar la bondad de los modelos de clima. Por otro lado se han analizado series largas de inundaciones obtenidas a partir de registros históricos y sedimentarios (paleoinundaciones), que permiten obtener los caudales máximos registrados secularmente. Esta información incorpora eventos de inundación que han ocurrido en periodos pasados de calentamiento relativo o de incremento de la actividad de las inundaciones, considerando que los eventos extremos que han acontecido alguna vez pueden repetirse en el futuro. Estos caudales del pasado se han analizado conjuntamente con registros instrumentales mejorando sustancialmente el cálculo de los cuantiles de inundación requeridos en los mapas de peligrosidad de la Directiva de Inundaciones. Los datos de extremos del paleocrecidas permiten validar los datos de los modelos de clima e hidrológicos para los cuantiles altos. Esta aproximación constituye una práctica beneficiosa (win-win actions), de relativo bajo costo, y que permite avanzar en la adaptación al cambio climático. Igualmente, esta información del pasado proporciona una evidencia” real” de sucesos de inundación que posibilitan la recuperación de la cultura del riesgo.
Radially Porous Nanocomposite Scaffolds with Enhanced Capability for Guiding Bone Regeneration In Vivo
Authors: Jiang Si‐Jing , Wang Mo‐Han , Wang Ze‐Yu , Gao Huai‐Ling , Chen Si‐Ming , Cong Yun‐Hong , Yang Lu , Wen Shao‐Meng , Cheng Dong‐Dong , He Jia‐Cai , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn ideal bone repair scaffold is expected to possess superior architectural characteristics to facilitate the adhesion, proliferation, and migration of bone‐repair‐related cells, while excluding nonosteogenic cells and fibrous tissues from interfering with normal bone regeneration. Unfortunately, such scaffold material has rarely been reported. Herein, nanocomposite scaffolds with a radially ordered porous structure are presented, manufactured using a modified directional freeze‐casting method, and are promising bone defect repair materials to satisfy this requirement. The prepared nanocomposite scaffolds consist of a natural bio‐macromolecule, chitosan, and bioactive hydroxyapatite nanoparticles derived from porcine cortical bone, demonstrating favorable biocompatibility and biological functions. Both in vitro cell studies and in vivo animal studies reveal the great superiority of the radially oriented porous structure of the scaffolds in guiding bone regeneration, while simultaneously preventing the invasion of surrounding nonosteogenic cells and fibrous tissue, compared to the axially oriented porous structure. This work indicates the distinctive potential of radially oriented porous scaffolds for repairing tabular and lacunar bone defects.
An Advanced High‐Entropy Fluorophosphate Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries with Increased Working Voltage and Energy Density
Authors: Gu Zhen‐Yi , Guo Jin‐Zhi , Cao Jun‐Ming , Wang Xiao‐Tong , Zhao Xin‐Xin , Zheng Xue‐Ying , Li Wen‐Hao , Sun Zhong‐Hui , Liang Hao‐Jie , Wu Xing‐Long 
Published: February 2022

AbstractImpossible voltage plateau regulation for the cathode materials with fixed active elemental center is a pressing issue hindering the development of Na‐superionic‐conductor (NASICON)‐type Na3V2(PO4)2F3 (NVPF) cathodes in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, a high‐entropy substitution strategy, to alter the detailed crystal structure of NVPF without changing the central active V atom, is pioneeringly utilized, achieving simultaneous electronic conductivity enhancement and diffusion barrier reduction for Na+, according to theoretical calculations. The as‐prepared carbon‐free high‐entropy Na3V1.9(Ca,Mg,Al,Cr,Mn)0.1(PO4)2F3 (HE‐NVPF) cathode can deliver higher mean voltage of 3.81 V and more advantageous energy density up to 445.5 Wh kg−1, which is attributed by the diverse transition‐metal elemental substitution in high‐entropy crystalline. More importantly, high‐entropy introduction can help realize disordered rearrangement of Na+ at Na(2) active sites, thereby to refrain from unfavorable discharging behaviors at low‐voltage region, further lifting up the mean working voltage to realize a full Na‐ion storage at the high voltage plateau. Coupling with a hard carbon (HC) anode, HE‐NVPF//HC SIB full cells can deliver high specific energy density of 326.8 Wh kg−1 at 5 C with the power density of 2178.9 W kg−1. This route means the unlikely potential regulation in NASICON‐type crystal with unchangeable active center becomes possible, inspiring new ideas on elevating the mean working voltage for SIB cathodes.
3‐D Nanofabrication of Silicon and Nanostructure Fine‐Tuning via Helium Ion Implantation
Authors: Wen Xiaolei , Mao Renwei , Hu Huan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite the continued scaling down of semiconductor manufacturing, traditional lithography‐based nanofabrication only produces thin film structures, not 3‐D shapes. 3‐D nanofabrication remains a major challenge, especially for semiconductor materials. Most 3‐D nanofabrication techniques, such as two‐photon printing and stereolithography, mostly work for polymer materials, not solid‐state semiconductor materials. Here, a method capable of fabricating sophisticated 3‐D nanostructures of silicon based on the subsurface swelling phenomenon using focused helium ion swelling is reported. Silicon nanosphere arrays, hierarchical nanospheres mimicking compound lenses, nano‐Taichi symbols, three‐layer nanotowers, and nanopumpkins have been demonstrated, which are challenging for existing nanofabrication technology. The produced silicon nanostructures exhibit super small surface roughness as small as 0.1 nm, two orders of magnitude better than existing 3‐D nanofabrication technologies normally above 10 nm. The super small surface roughness opens doors for many exciting applications in photonics, indicating small photon losses. Moreover, it is demonstrated ultraprecise fine‐tuning of critical dimensions of ready‐made nanostructures or nanodevices, such as tuning the tilting angle of the tip on the atomic force microscopy probe and reducing the nanogap between two metal electrodes from 200 to 4 nm, which is promising for improving nanodevice performances by tuning the critical dimensions to desired ranges.
Superior p‐Type Surface Doping of Cubic Boron Nitride via MoO3 Adsorption
Authors: Liu Yaning , Zhang Qiuxia , Zhang Xin , Gao Nan , Li Hongdong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCubic boron nitride (c‐BN) is a potential candidate material for electronic and optoelectronic devices under extreme conditions, while the difficulty in conventional doping severely hinders its applications. Herein, by first‐principles calculation, an efficient p‐type doping on the c‐BN surface (areal hole density of 8.82 × 1013 cm−2 and hole mobility of 826 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature) is realized by the surface charge transfer mechanism with the MoO3 molecule having a high electron affinity as the dopant. The MoO3 molecule draws electrons from the c‐BN, making the hole accumulation on the c‐BN surface. The areal hole density of c‐BN enhances with the increase of MoO3 molecule density and reaches the maximum (1.24 × 1014 cm−2) with MoO3 monolayer adsorption. The optical absorption coefficient significantly increases in the infrared and visible regions. The superior p‐type doping for c‐BN is also achieved by adsorbing transistor metal oxides with the high electron affinity values (such as ReO3, CrO3, WO3, and V2O5). This study opens a novel avenue for promoting c‐BN applied in optoelectronic devices.
Understanding the Role of Order in Y‐Series Non‐Fullerene Solar Cells to Realize High Open‐Circuit Voltages
Authors: Perdigón‐Toro Lorena , Phuong Le Quang , Eller Fabian , Freychet Guillaume , Saglamkaya Elifnaz , Khan Jafar I. , Wei Qingya , Zeiske Stefan , Kroh Daniel , Wedler Stefan , Köhler Anna , Armin Ardalan , Laquai Frédéric , Herzig Eva M. , Zou Yingping , Shoaee Safa , Neher Dieter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNon‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) as used in state‐of‐the‐art organic solar cells feature highly crystalline layers that go along with low energetic disorder. Here, the crucial role of energetic disorder in blends of the donor polymer PM6 with two Y‐series NFAs, Y6, and N4 is studied. By performing temperature‐dependent charge transport and recombination studies, a consistent picture of the shape of the density of state distributions for free charges in the two blends is developed, allowing an analytical description of the dependence of the open‐circuit voltage VOC on temperature and illumination intensity. Disorder is found to influence the value of the VOC at room temperature, but also its progression with temperature. Here, the PM6:Y6 blend benefits substantially from its narrower state distributions. The analysis also shows that the energy of the equilibrated free charge population is well below the energy of the NFA singlet excitons for both blends and possibly below the energy of the populated charge transfer manifold, indicating a down‐hill driving force for free charge formation. It is concluded that energetic disorder of charge‐separated states has to be considered in the analysis of the photovoltaic properties, even for the more ordered PM6:Y6 blend.
Alzheimer's‐like signaling in brains of COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Reiken Steve , Sittenfeld Leah , Dridi Haikel , Liu Yang , Liu Xiaoping , Marks Andrew R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe mechanisms that lead to cognitive impairment associated with COVID‐19 are not well understood.MethodsBrain lysates from control and COVID‐19 patients were analyzed for oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling pathway markers, and measurements of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)‐linked signaling biochemistry. Post‐translational modifications of the ryanodine receptor/calcium (Ca2+) release channels (RyR) on the endoplasmic reticuli (ER), known to be linked to AD, were also measured by co‐immunoprecipitation/immunoblotting of the brain lysates.ResultsWe provide evidence linking SARS‐CoV‐2 infection to activation of TGF‐β signaling and oxidative overload. The neuropathological pathways causing tau hyperphosphorylation typically associated with AD were also shown to be activated in COVID‐19 patients. RyR2 in COVID‐19 brains demonstrated a “leaky” phenotype, which can promote cognitive and behavioral defects.DiscussionCOVID‐19 neuropathology includes AD‐like features and leaky RyR2 channels could be a therapeutic target for amelioration of some cognitive defects associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and long COVID.
Microscopy of structures surrounding typical acupoints used in clinical practice and electron microscopic evaluation of acupuncture needles
Authors: Intriago Vanessa , Reina Miguel A. , Boezaart André P. , Tubbs Richard Shane , Montaña Ana V. , Pérez‐Rodríguez Francisco José , Sanroman‐Junquera Margarita 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough the general functionality and structures of acupoints have been studied, there has been little insight into their underlying morphology and physical characteristics. We describe the microanatomical structures surrounding acupoints, the electron microscopic appearance of the needles, and the physical effects of acupuncture needling on the fascia. We injected heparinized blood solution through thin needles at seven known and commonly used “sweat acupoints” in eight fresh, unembalmed, cryopreserved human cadavers to mark the needle positions, and later, during histological examination, to identify them. After the solution was injected, samples were dissected and prepared for histological examination. We examined 350 cross‐sections of five different paraffin wax sections from each acupoint microscopically. Acupuncture needles were photographed and superimposed on the cross‐sectioned tissues at similar magnifications. Needles were also examined under a scanning electron microscope to judge the roughness or smoothness of their surfaces. A greater conglomeration of nerve endings surrounded the acupoints than in tissues more than 1–3 cm distant from them. Nerve endings and blood vessels were in close contact with a complex network of membranes formed by interlacing collagen fibers, and were always enclosed within those collagen membranes. Nerve endings were found within hypodermis, muscles, or both. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the three‐dimensional shapes and sizes of the needles, and the degree of roughness or smoothness of their polished external surfaces. We demonstrate a delicate arrangement of nerve endings and blood vessels enclosed within complex collagen membrane networks at acupoints within the hypodermis and muscle. This arrangement could explain why needling is an essential step in the acupuncture process that provides favorable outcomes in clinical practice.
Variants of arterial supply to the inferior (diaphragmatic) surface of the ventricles of the heart and the influence on age at death
Authors: Puladi Behrus , Vogt Felix , Dinekov Maja , Köhler Christoph 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCoronary artery systems of the inferior wall of the ventricles vary considerably. Schlesinger's concept distinguishes dominance of the right or left coronary artery (LCA) or balanced type. LCA dominance has been reported to be associated with increased mortality. Early angiography studies have shown that the anterior interventricular artery (AIVA), a branch of the LCA, often continues on the inferior surface of the heart and may replace the inferior interventricular artery. Others considered an AIVA on the inferior surface of the heart a rare variant. A long AIVA is a strong predictor of death in acute anterior wall myocardial infarction. We determined coronary artery variance at the inferior surface of the ventricles in 134 dissected human hearts and analyzed a possible association between coronary artery variance and age at death. The AIVA extended to the inferior side in 64.9% of the hearts, but rarely reached the basal half of the inferior interventricular groove. Most frequently (53%), it extended into the apical two‐fifths of the length of the inferior ventricular walls. An AIVA extending to the apical 40% of the length of the inferior ventricular walls may therefore be considered a common variant. In 20.1% of the hearts, a right inferior diagonal artery was also found. Statistical analysis neither revealed an association between mean AIVA length at the inferior ventricular surface and type of coronary artery dominance nor an association between AIVA length at the inferior ventricular surface or coronary artery dominance type and age at death.
COVID‐19 vaccine‐related new‐onset lichen planus
Authors: Babazadeh Arefeh , Miladi Ronak , Barary Mohammad , Shirvani Maria , Ebrahimpour Soheil , Aryanian Zeinab , Mohseni Afshar Zeinab 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines significantly impacted world health and well‐being. However, various adverse events have been observed following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccination. Cutaneous reactions have been prevalent following many vaccines, including COVID‐19 vaccines. Here, we present a case of new‐onset lichen planus in a patient who received the COVID‐19 vaccine at the same time as being infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. A 52‐year‐old woman presented to the clinic with extensive pruritic skin lesions. The eruptions had appeared a week after her second dose of the Sinopharm COVID‐19 vaccine. She mentioned a history of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection approximately 10 days following the first dose of her vaccine, causing a 1‐month delay in getting the second dose. Her past medical history was not significant. On examination, erythematous and squamous papules were demonstrated predominantly on the extremities, including inguinal and axillary folds. Moreover, desquamation of the lips was visible, and buccal lesions were also found. After consultation with a dermatologist, a skin biopsy was indicated for the patient, but she refused to undergo the procedure. Therefore, considering the typical appearance of the eruptions, lichen planus was suspected, for which she was treated with oral antihistamines and topical corticosteroids.
Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Mordenite Zeolite with Improved Performance in Benzene Alkylation and n‐Paraffins Hydroconversion
Authors: Li Shaojie , Wu Hanglong , van de Poll Rim C. J. , Joosten Rick R. M. , Kosinov Nikolay , Hensen Emiel J. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNanocrystalline mordenite (MOR) zeolites were hydrothermally synthesized in a single step with commercial cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA) hydroxide as the sole organic template, while the aluminum source was varied in a typical synthesis gel. CTA can effectively reduce the crystal growth of MOR zeolites, in some cases selectively in the a‐ and b‐directions of the unit cell. These nanocrystalline MOR zeolites do not only have a larger external surface area than their bulk counterparts prepared without CTA, but the Brønsted acid sites in the side‐pockets are also more accessible. The combination of the use of CTA and AlCl3 ⋅ 6H2O afforded the best‐performing catalyst with much improved activity in benzene alkylation and hydroconversion of n‐hexadecane (n‐C16). Modifying MOR synthesis with CTA hydroxide is a cheap and effective method to open up the one‐dimensional micropore system of mordenite, increasing the catalytic performance in hydrocarbon reactions.
Targeted Fucosylation of Glycans with Engineered Bacterial Fucosyltransferase Variants
Authors: Heine Viktoria , Pelantová Helena , Bojarová Pavla , Křen Vladimír , Elling Lothar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFucosyltransferases (FucTs) are crucial for the synthesis of Lewis‐type glycan epitopes. The synthetic capacity of efficient bacterial enzymes and their variants has not yet been fully exploited. In the present work, we investigated two previously described variants of α1,3FucT from Helicobacter pylori strains for their flexibility in substrate utilization and their applicability in the enzymatic synthesis of Lewis epitopes. We used the truncated enzyme variant of FutA from H. pylori 26695 (FucTΔ52A128N/H129E/Y132I/S46F, FucTΔ52‐4M) and the truncated α3FucT from H. pylori NCTC11639 (FucTΔ66). N‐Acetyllactosamine type 1 and type 2 as well as N’,N’’‐diacetyllactosamine were investigated as substrates. Both FucT variants exhibit α1,3/4FucT activity. Novel glycan structures were obtained displaying Lewis blood group antigens in a site‐specific sequence. Fucosylated N’,N’’‐diacetyllactosamine was synthesized for the first time with FucTΔ52‐4M. Our work paves the way for targeted fucosylation patterns that can be tested for lectin binding.
Assessment of preschool‐age executive functions: A systematic review
Authors: Silva Cristina , Sousa‐Gomes Valéria , Fávero Marisalva , Oliveira‐Lopes Susana , Merendeiro Cristiana S. , Oliveira Jorge , Moreira Diana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExecutive functions (EF) are higher‐order cognitive processes present in the prefrontal cortex and are fundamental in planning, executing and monitoring goal‐oriented behaviours. Evaluating EF in early stages of child development is essential for identifying any cognitive alterations in young children, given that it allows for early intervention and minimizes future complications. Additionally, it contributes to a better understanding of this construct in this age bracket, as well as its operational model. Study of EF has recently been the focus of multiple researchers; however, there is still a serious lack of instruments and measurements validated towards children's age bracket. This systematic review's main goal is to evaluate instruments and/or tasks that serve to evaluate and analyse EF and/or their components between the ages of 36 and 72 months. Forty‐nine studies were analysed, containing multiple tasks and tools oriented towards EF and their constituent components. Results indicate the existence of various tasks that grade the different components independently from one another; nevertheless, they also confirm the lack of any global measurement instrument or method. Therefore, this systematic review presents itself as an important contribution in the study of EF, stressing not only the importance of further investing into constructing and validating new and better tools for evaluating the construct but also the study of operating models of executive functioning, especially in an age bracket where comprehending it is notoriously difficult.
Analysis of single input dual output buck converter with reduced cross regulation using decoupled sliding mode control strategy
Authors: Nanthagopal Sowrirajan , Andy Srinivasan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the present scenario, single input dual output (SIDO) converters are remarkably required for wide range of applications, as it is capable of handling two outputs with a single source. The general advantages of SIDO converters are reduced number of components in the topology; power rating can be increased or decreased depending on the application and it ease of control. However, it faces with a common problem of cross regulation occurring due to the change of load in anyone of the load terminals. This paper proposes a control technique for a SIDO buck converter (SIDO‐BC) to have a mitigated cross regulation scenario during load change. Decoupled sliding mode controller (D‐SMC) is developed for the SIDO‐BC by considering the boundary limits of the inductor current. The D‐SMC‐based SIDO‐BC provides better output regulation with mitigated cross regulation when compared to the conventional techniques. The topological small signal model derivation of the SIDO‐BC is firmly derived, and the controller is designed and developed in such way to provide a stabilized regulated output. The entire system is implemented in simulation and in experimental hardware to validate the performance.