bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrete SIR model on a homogeneous tree and its continuous limit
Authors: Gairat Alexander , Shcherbakov Vadim 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We study a discrete susceptible–infected–recovered (SIR) model for the spread of infectious disease on a homogeneous tree and the limit behavior of the model in the case when the tree vertex degree tends to infinity. We obtain the distribution of the time it takes for a susceptible vertex to get infected in terms of a solution of a non-linear integral equation under broad assumptions on the model parameters. Namely, infection rates are assumed to be time-dependent, and recovery times are given by random variables with a fairly arbitrary distribution. We then study the behavior of the model in the limit when the tree vertex degree tends to infinity, and infection rates are appropriately scaled. We show that in this limit the integral equation of the discrete model implies an equation for the susceptible population compartment. This is a master equation in the sense that both the infectious and the recovered compartments can be explicitly expressed in terms of its solution.
Impacts of on-board monitored data on estimated thermal characteristics of a dwelling
Authors: Joseph Thaddeus A I , den Brom P I van , Itard L C M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
After the thermal renovation of a dwelling, there exists a gap between the actual and predicted energy performance. One of the reasons contributing to this gap is the poor assumptions of building thermal characteristics during the prediction stage. Nowadays, smart meters for gas and electricity, and home automation systems are becoming increasingly prominent in dwellings. Hence, there is potential to use the on-board monitored data from these sources to estimate the thermal characteristics of the actual dwellings. If it was possible to measure everything in a dwelling, then the estimation of these characteristics would become easy. However, the amount of data from the dwellings is limited. Hence with the available data, assumptions have to be made to estimate characteristics reflective of the actual dwelling. Therefore, this study investigates the impact these assumptions have on the estimated characteristics. First, a simple equation requiring minimum data is formulated to represent the heat dynamics in a building. Then, the characteristics are determined for one Dutch dwelling for the following conditions: 1. Different measurement periods, 2. Different time granularities, 3. With total (space heating + domestic hot water) and decomposed (only space heating) gas consumption data, 4. With different representations of indoor air temperature, and 5. Using electricity data to account for internal heat gains. In general, the estimated characteristics deviated for all the conditions. And thus, this study establishes the importance of well-chosen on-board monitored data.
Integrating Machine Learning with Parametric Modeling Environments to Predict Building Daylighting Performance
Authors: Labib R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Buildings account for 30% of global energy consumption. To support the development of energy-efficient built environments and cities, architects, urban planners, and engineers have begun to utilize building performance simulation (BPS). Supporting decision-making and steering design toward high performance are crucial in the early design phase, when decisions have the biggest impact on the final product’s energy consumption and costs. Architects often assess the energy performance of hundreds of different design solutions and configurations in parametric environments to find the most energy-efficient solution. To adhere to strict project due dates, architects usually shorten the time required for BPS by reducing the number of variables or parameters for the building and facade design. This practice usually results in the elimination of design parameters that could potentially contribute to an energy-optimized design configuration. To achieve time-efficient BPS processes, recent research has focused on developing machine learning (ML) algorithms that can instantly predict the energy performance of buildings. Although ML has demonstrated high levels of accuracy, ML techniques are difficult to implement because they require technical knowledge of programming languages. Furthermore, these ML algorithms were developed as standalone applications, making them inappropriate for geometric modeling environments. This paper introduces a new ML tool that can be easily accessed within Grasshopper, a parametric modeling environment. The proposed tool can instantly predict the daylighting performance of building configurations.
Generating heat demand profiles of neighbourhoods
Authors: Koene F G H , Matthijssen E F , Menkveld M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To size future energy infrastructures, that may include energy storage or demand side management, insight in heat demand profiles of neighbourhoods is a prerequisite. TNO developed a tool to generate heat demand profiles. Using public sources, the tool makes an inventory of buildings in the neighbourhood. For each building, a building archetype that most closely resembles it is selected, and its space heating demand profile is simulated using a dynamic resistance capacitance (RC) building model. To this, a repetitive daily profile for domestic hot water (DHW) preparation and cooking is added. The heat demand profile of the neighbourhood is calculated by summing the profiles of buildings in it, taking a dispersion of thermostat times into account. The current version of the tool, which is still under development, was validated by comparing the annual gas consumption of a number of neighbourhoods with actual data. While the tool predicted annual gas consumption of pre-1960 neighbourhoods reasonably well, for more recent neighbourhoods, the tool underestimated the annual gas consumption by typically 30%.
The Dutch energy transition in practice
Authors: Looijen Bader E M , Oostra M A R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
By 2050, the Netherlands aims to have created a natural gas-free built environment. It aims to do so in a combination of a neighbourhood approach and direct-targeting of owner-occupants. In order to realise this, broad support for the energy transition is required. Current experience shows this is not self-evident. This paper presents an analysis of the current situation in the Dutch energy transition at household level. What do the customer journeys look like that owner-occupants are going through? What barriers do residents experience? What are possible motivators? Aim of the research was to formulate lessons learned on barriers and motivators. There are clear issues emerge from the research that need addressing in order to bring the energy transition forward. Although market segmentation is used as an ingredient to target and service specific groups of residents, experience makes clear segmentation can help in developing different formulas in addressing private homeowners. Not being a panacea, an additional step needs development to facilitate people to take it up in a way that matches their own way, situation and preferences. There are substantial groups of people whose basic Maslow’s needs currently are not met. For these people it is too much to expect them to render their home more sustainable. Finally numerous people did already embark on a customer journey, and never made it to successful interventions to upgrade the energy performance of their house. They got lost along the route, did not get passed known danger zones and proved themselves to be unable to solve all the complex puzzles along the route.
Interactive feedback tool for occupants based on a tuned building energy model
Authors: Vijlbrief O , Mossallam B Eslami , Spiekman M E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It is a well-known fact that there is a gap between the theoretical energy performance and the actual energy use of a building. The behaviour of occupants has a large influence on this energy use. Within the BIM4Ren H2020 project we developed a feedback tool for occupants that gives insight in the effect of behaviour on the amount of energy use required for heating and cooling. The tool has a front-end in which the occupant can see their current behaviour, as well as their actual energy use. By changing their initial behaviour virtually, they will get feedback about the effect on their actual energy use. The back-end of the tool contains a reduced order simulation, based on the ISO 52016-1:2017 hourly method to calculate the energy needs. In deviation from the standard, the most important parameters that describe user behaviour are directly obtained from the occupants by a questionnaire. The model is tuned on the real situation using the behavioural data and measurement data. The feedback tool will help occupants understand better why their energy use is higher than expected despite the renovation, or help them save even more energy by educating them on the effect of their behaviour.
Requirements for renovating residential buildings in the Netherlands towards lower temperature supply from district heating.
Authors: Wahi P , Konstantinou T , Tenpierik M , Visscher H 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the Netherlands, district heating with a lower temperature supply (<70°C) will play a crucial part in accomplishing the energy transition goals of delivering natural gas-free sustainable heating to dwellings. The existing dwellings often require energy renovations to make them suitable for lower temperature heating. However, choosing renovation strategies that promote the transition to lower temperature district heating while improving energy efficiency and thermal comfort is challenging. This study aims to identify minimum renovation requirements for comfortably heating homes using lower temperature heat from district heating. Identifying minimum renovation strategies to prepare existing dwellings for lower temperature district heating would be vital in addressing the European Renovation Wave’s target of improving worst-performing buildings. For the same, the study uses a typical intermediate terraced house built before 1945 as a case study to investigate renovation strategies based on four levels of renovation intervention (no renovation, basic, moderate and deep). The impact of renovations on space heating demand and thermal comfort was tested with medium (70/50°C) and low supply (55/35°C) temperatures against key performance indicators (KPIs) using dynamic simulation. The study found that for the case study dwelling, moderate renovation strategy of upgrading the building envelope insulation by 0.40 W/m2K for opaque parts and 1.5 W/m2K for glazing, improving the airtightness by 0.3h-1 and replacing existing radiators with LT radiators can be considered as a no-regret solution for comfortably heating homes with both medium and lower temperature supply from district heating.
A new framework for analysing local participation in community energy initiatives
Authors: Teladia A , der Windt H van 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Dutch Climate Agreement includes a 50 percent local ownership of energy production target. However, what is meant by “local,” “ownership” and “participation” is not strictly defined in the Agreement. Nevertheless, community energy initiatives are expected to be an integral part of the ‘local ownership’ goals listed in the Agreement. Consequently, there is a need for a robust framework which can capture local nuances, explain the role and degree of citizen participation in different contexts and areas of participation, and that will allow community energy initiatives to benchmark their participation levels in relation to ‘others’ and their own change over time. This paper proposes a new diagnostic framework which conceptualizes participation in the technical, political, and economic dimensions of local energy transitions and that can identify gaps and challenges in community energy initiatives in relation to local participation. We use the Socio-ecological Systems Framework (SESF) as a starting point and enrich the framework’s third and fourth tier variables using Arnstein’s ladder of participation along with other participatory literature. Our framework outlines the key variables for understanding the participatory environment in which participation occurs and links the environment to the levels of participation. The framework provides granularity and flexibility given its multi-tier and decomposable structure. Therefore, supporting gap analysis of local participation and comparison across diverse cases.
Policy instruments for energy-efficient renovations at district level
Authors: Mlecnik E , Hidalgo-Betanzos J M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
IEA EBC Annex 75 aims to investigate, amongst other policy for reducing carbon emissions and energy use in buildings at district level, combining both energy efficiency measures and renewable energy measures. Particularly policy instruments deployed at the local level targeting owners and investors could increase residential building renovation and renewable energy systems to a district scale. A desk and empirical research using 38 expert interviews from 8 European countries was used to investigate the use and development of various types of policy instruments, including regulations, incentives, communication and facilitating instruments. The research confirms interest of frontrunners to use or develop specific policy instruments further, such as enforcement of energy standards and inspections, financial incentives for district stakeholders and for groups of homeowners, renovation services and energy desks, digital communication and network meetings in districts. It also finds that low relative advantage for some stakeholders, lack of good examples, an incompatible legal or national framework and high complexity are serious risks that can further hinder adoption of energy efficiency and renewable energy systems in districts. Renovations at district scale including energy efficiency and renewable energy can benefit from adapted or improved regulations, incentives, communication and facilitation to better support renovations at district scale including energy efficiency and renewable energy systems.
Chances for the upscaling of living-cost neutral renovations in the Netherlands
Authors: Mlecnik Erwin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Many multi-owned condominiums need an energy renovation, but in practice the number of such renovations is low. Dutch policy emphasizes the need to search for cost-neutral renovation solutions. This study therefore examined how the number of living-cost neutral renovations of buildings owned by assemblies of homeowners in the Netherlands can be increased by means of an integrated unburdening offer that includes energy performance guarantees and supply chain integration. The study uses scientific literature, project experiences and in-depth interviews with experts to examine how policy, demand and supply currently play a role in the upscaling of living-cost neutral renovations. The study finds that customized guidance is needed for condominium associations to steer their maintenance decision processes towards deep renovations. Also chances are detected to link living cost neutrality with energy neutrality, while developing an integrated supply chain that takes into account full process guidance including the provision of performance guarantees. This is now already successfully implemented in a new non-profit service desk and a new process model will be tested in multiple regions.
Designing hollow core nested anti-resonant fiber with ultra-low loss using finite difference eigen mode solver
Authors: Chatterjee Sudip K , Kaushalram Archana , Suchita  , Bhardwaj Asha 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We report an optimized design of six-ring nodeless antiresonant fiber (NARF) in both single and nested ring configurations in the visible wavelength regime. Proposed fibers exhibit a record low loss of 6.7 × 10−4 dB km−1 at 630 nm with less than 1 dB km−1 over a broad 330 nm bandwidth, achieved by the incorporation and optimization of nested elements in the primary cladding tubes. A comprehensive analysis, utilizing finite difference algorithm, to study the role of structural parameters of the hollow core fiber viz. tube thickness and gaps between the tubes on the loss spectrum is also presented. A comparative analysis of NARF designs using tube thickness in different anti-resonant bands is also included. The bend robustness, polarization analysis, dispersion, and fabrication tolerances are investigated. Proposed low-loss fibers in the visible wavelength regime can drastically bring down the cost and complexity of quantum communication systems.
Optically induced changes in the band structure of the Weyl charge-density-wave compound

(TaSe4)2I
Authors: Crepaldi A , Puppin M , Gosálbez-Martínez D , Moreschini L , Cilento F , Berger H , Yazyev O V , Chergui M , Grioni M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Collective modes are responsible for the emergence of novel quantum phases in topological materials. In the quasi-one dimensional (1D) Weyl semimetal

(

T
a
S
e

4

)
2

I

, a charge density wave (CDW) opens band gaps at the Weyl points, thus turning the system into an axionic insulator. Melting the CDW would restore the Weyl phase, but 1D fluctuations extend the gapped regime far above the 3D transition temperature (T

C
D
W

= 263 K), thus preventing the investigation of this topological phase transition with conventional spectroscopic methods.
Here we use a non-equilibrium approach: we perturb the CDW phase by photoexcitation, and we monitor the dynamical evolution of the band structure by time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. We find that, upon optical excitation, electrons populate the linearly dispersing states at the Fermi level (E

F

), and fill the CDW gap. The dynamics of both the charge carrier population and the band gap renormalization (BGR) show a fast component with a characteristic time scale of a few hundreds femtoseconds. However, the BGR also exhibits a second slow component on the µs time scale. The combination of an ultrafast response and of persistent changes in the spectral weight at E

F

, and the resulting sensitivity of the linearly dispersing states to optical excitations, may explain the high performances of

(

T
a
S
e

4

)
2

I

as a material for broadband infrared photodetectors.
Electrostatic atomization minimum quantity lubrication machining: from mechanism to application
Authors: Xu Wenhao , Li Changhe , Zhang Yanbin , Ali Hafiz Muhammad , Sharma Shubham , Li Runze , Yang Min , Gao Teng , Liu Mingzheng , Wang Xiaoming , Said Zafar , Liu Xin , Zhou Zongming 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Metal cutting fluids (MCFs) under flood conditions do not meet the urgent needs of reducing carbon emission. Biolubricant-based minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is an effective alternative to flood lubrication. However, pneumatic atomization MQL has poor atomization properties, which is detrimental to occupational health. Therefore, electrostatic atomization MQL requires preliminary exploratory studies. However, systematic reviews are lacking in terms of capturing the current research status and development direction of this technology. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review and critical assessment of the existing understanding of electrostatic atomization MQL. This research can be used by scientists to gain insights into the action mechanism, theoretical basis, machining performance, and development direction of this technology. First, the critical equipment, eco-friendly atomization media (biolubricants), and empowering mechanisms of electrostatic atomization MQL are presented. Second, the advanced lubrication and heat transfer mechanisms of biolubricants are revealed by quantitatively comparing MQL with MCF-based wet machining. Third, the distinctive wetting and infiltration mechanisms of electrostatic atomization MQL, combined with its unique empowering mechanism and atomization method, are compared with those of pneumatic atomization MQL. Previous experiments have shown that electrostatic atomization MQL can reduce tool wear by 42.4% in metal cutting and improve the machined surface R
a by 47% compared with pneumatic atomization MQL. Finally, future development directions, including the improvement of the coordination parameters and equipment integration aspects, are proposed.
Preprocedural muscle strength and physical performance and the association with functional decline or mortality in frail older patients after transcatheter aortic valve implementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: van Erck Dennis , Dolman Christine D , Limpens Jacqueline , Scholte op Reimer Wilma J M , Henriques José P , Delewi Ronak , Schoufour Josje D 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
A significant number of older patients planned for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) experience a decline in physical functioning and death, despite a successful procedure.

Objective
To systematically review the literature on the association of preprocedural muscle strength and physical performance with functional decline or long-term mortality after TAVI.

Methods
We followed the PRISMA guidelines and pre-registered this review at PROSPERO (CRD42020208032). A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to 10 December 2021. Studies reporting on the association of preprocedural muscle strength or physical performance with functional decline or long-term (&gt;6 months) mortality after the TAVI procedure were included. For outcomes reported by three or more studies, a meta-analysis was performed.

Results
In total, two studies reporting on functional decline and 29 studies reporting on mortality were included. The association with functional decline was inconclusive. For mortality, meta-analysis showed that low handgrip strength (hazard ratio (HR) 1.80 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22–2.63]), lower distance on the 6-minute walk test (HR 1.15 [95% CI: 1.09–1.21] per 50 m decrease), low performance on the timed up and go test (&gt;20 s) (HR 2.77 [95% CI: 1.79–4.30]) and slow gait speed (&lt;0.83 m/s) (HR 2.24 [95% CI: 1.32–3.81]) were associated with higher long-term mortality.

Conclusions
Low muscle strength and physical performance are associated with higher mortality after TAVI, while the association with functional decline stays inconclusive. Future research should focus on interventions to increase muscle strength and physical performance in older cardiac patients.