bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational Methods for Single-Cell DNA Methylome Analysis
Authors: Iqbal Waleed , Zhou Wanding 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Dissecting intercellular epigenetic differences is key to understanding tissue heterogeneity. Recent advances in single-cell DNA methylome profiling have presented opportunities to resolve this heterogeneity at the maximum resolution. While these advances enable us to explore frontiers of chromatin biology and better understand cell lineage relationships, they pose new challenges in data processing and interpretation. This review surveys the current state of computational tools developed for single-cell DNA methylome data analysis. We discuss critical components of single-cell DNA methylome data analysis, including data preprocessing, quality control, imputation, dimensionality reduction, cell clustering, supervised cell annotation, cell lineage reconstruction, gene activity scoring, and integration with transcriptome data. We also highlight unique aspects of single-cell DNA methylome data analysis and discuss how techniques common to other single-cell omics data analyses can be adapted to analyze DNA methylomes. Finally, we discuss existing challenges and opportunities for future development.
Hyperbolic Lyapunov–Perron regular points and smooth invariant measures
Authors: ALANSARI NAWAF 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor a
$C^{1+\alpha }$
diffeomorphism f of a compact smooth manifold, we give a necessary and sufficient condition that guarantees that if the set of hyperbolic Lyapunov–Perron regular points has positive volume, then f preserves a smooth measure. We use recent results on symbolic coding of
$\chi $
-non-uniformly hyperbolic sets and results concerning the existence of SRB measures for them.
Do Chinese employees avoid seeking social support when coping with work stress?
Authors: Goh Yong Wah , Kim Sungmin , Wang Rong , Goh Pei Shan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Organisational psychology literature is abounded with empirical evidence of the mitigating effect that social support seeking (SSS) behaviour has on stress. However, it is unclear if this phenomenon is present in a collectivist context where workers might be hesitant to seek social support when under stress. A total of 123 employees from China completed a longitudinal survey over 4 weeks assessing their appraisals of an ongoing work stressor, coping strategies, and stress level. Path-analysis, hierarchical regression and means comparison determined the degree of fit of two theoretical perspectives (stress-buffer and main effects) to Chinese employee's SSS behaviour, and its frequency of use against other coping strategies. Results showed that SSS was not elicited by primary and secondary appraisals, but instead may be better explained by employees' collectivistic aspirations. Implications of the results were addressed in relation to stress management strategies and human resource support initiatives. Future research directions were also discussed.
Defining the p-factor: an empirical test of five leading theories
Authors: Southward Matthew W. , Cheavens Jennifer S. , Coccaro Emil F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite statistical evidence of a general factor of psychopathology (i.e., p-factor), there is little agreement about what the p-factor represents. Researchers have proposed five theories: dispositional negative emotionality (neuroticism), impulsive responsivity to emotions (impulsivity), thought dysfunction, low cognitive functioning, and impairment. These theories have primarily been inferred from patterns of loadings of diagnoses on p-factors with different sets of diagnoses included in different studies. Researchers who have directly examined these theories of p have examined a subset of the theories in any single sample, limiting the ability to compare the size of their associations with a p-factor.MethodsIn a sample of adults (N = 1833, Mage = 34.20, 54.4% female, 53.3% white) who completed diagnostic assessments, self-report measures, and cognitive tests, we evaluated statistical p-factor structures across modeling approaches and compared the strength of associations among the p-factor and indicators of each of these five theories.ResultsWe found consistent evidence of the p-factor's unidimensionality across one-factor and bifactor models. The p-factor was most strongly and similarly associated with neuroticism (r = .88), impairment (r = .88), and impulsivity (r = .87), χ2(1)s < .15, ps > .70, and less strongly associated with thought dysfunction (r = .78), χ2(1)s > 3.92, ps < .05, and cognitive functioning (r = −.25), χ2(1)s > 189.56, ps < .01.ConclusionsWe discuss a tripartite definition of p that involves the transaction of impulsive responses to frequent negative emotions leading to impairment that extends and synthesizes previous theories of psychopathology.
Relative priority
Authors: Buchak Lara 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe good of those who are worse off matters more to the overall good than the good of those who are better off does. But being worse off than one’s fellows is not itself bad; nor is inequality itself bad; nor do differences in well-being matter more when well-being is lower in an absolute sense. Instead, the good of therelativelyworse-offweighs more heavilyin the overall good than the good of the relatively better-off does, in virtue of the fact that the former are relatively worse off. This paper articulates and defends the view just described.
Getting Real about Taxes: Offshore Tax Sheltering and Realism's Ethic of Responsibility
Authors: Arlen Gordon , Burelli Carlo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article tackles the issue of offshore tax sheltering from the perspective of normative political realism. Tax sheltering is a pressing contemporary policy challenge, with hundreds of billions in private assets protected in offshore trusts and shell companies. Indeed, tax sheltering produces a variety of empirical dilemmas that render it a distinctive challenge for global governance. Therefore, it is crucial for normative political theorists to confront this problem. A realist approach offers three distinct advantages, elaborated in the three subsequent sections of the article. First, it relaxes the theoretical burden by starting from the real practice of tax evasion rather than from an abstract theory of equality or justice. Second, this approach recognizes that sheltering is a political harm: a threat to the very maintenance of order, not just a problem of inequality or injustice. If politicians fail at such polity maintenance, realism's ethic of responsibility provides clear political reasons why they should be held accountable. Third, realism's focus on power and its acceptance of coercion open up new strategies for addressing the problem that would not be allowed by theories with a stronger emphasis on consensus.
Hands over the city: the Mafia, L'Ora and the sack of Palermo
Authors: Dovizio Ciro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe article is a critical investigation of the role played by the Palermo left-wing newspaper L'Ora in uncovering the Sicilian Mafia's urban affairs and property speculation during the sack of Palermo in the 1960s. It pays particular attention to L'Ora's complex narrative concerning the urban Mafia and the many obstacles that the newspaper encountered in its attempt to defend the city. The article aims to explain L'Ora's account of the Mafia as an intersection of violent crime, politics and business. This study uses investigative series and archival sources to explain the emergence of ‘antimafia’ as both concept and political practice in the urban history of Palermo.
Global archaeology and microhistorical analysis. Connecting scales in the 1st-milennium B.C. Mediterranean
Authors: Riva Corinna , Mira Ignasi Grau 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecently, voices have been raised regarding the challenges of Big Data-driven global approaches, including the realization that exclusively tackling the global scale masks social and historical realities. While multi-scalar analyses have confronted this problem, the effects of global approaches are being felt. We highlight one of these effects: as classical scholarship struggles to decolonize itself, the ancient Mediterranean in global archaeology pivots around the Graeco-Roman world only, marginalizing the non-classical Mediterranean, thus foiling attempts at promoting post-colonial perspectives. In highlighting this, our aim is twofold: first, to invigorate the debate on multi-scalar approaches, proposing to incorporate microhistory into archaeological analysis; second, to use the non-classical Mediterranean to demonstrate that historical depth at a micro level is essential to augment that power in our interpretations.
The well-trodden path of national international humanitarian law committees
Authors: Kitching Rachael , Quintin Anne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe road towards effective implementation of international humanitarian law (IHL) is a continuous process where important milestones will be reached at each step. As part of such a process, national committees and similar entities on IHL have played a key driving role. As with most long-haul road trips, one tends to start with an idea of the roads that will be taken and what the end destination will look like. In this case, the common destination is better respect for IHL. While the destination never changes, the different roads to be travelled can multiply, creating new opportunities through events that arise, and actors encountered along the way. Likewise, when the first national IHL committees were formed in the 1970s to advise and assist their States on the domestic implementation of IHL, they undoubtedly followed different roadmaps from those followed today. As IHL has evolved to keep pace with new realities of warfare, so too has the work of national IHL committees. New treaties have been adopted, new interpretations have been agreed upon, requiring new domestic laws and measures. This article will begin by pinpointing where exactly the journey started for national IHL committees, highlighting that the creation of these bodies coincided with important developments across the international landscape which would come to reinforce domestic implementation of IHL. In the second section, the authors will provide a detailed mapping of the roads generally travelled by these entities, with the intention to showcase the multi-faceted nature of their work and the innumerable milestones achieved along the way. The final section will explore the material, political and structural road bumps which are slowing down the work of some national IHL committees and will provide recommendations on how these entities may overcome these hurdles.
Trust Nobody: How Voters React to Conspiracy Theories
Authors: Invernizzi Giovanna M. , Mohamed Ahmed Ezzeldin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHow does exposure to conspiracy theories affects voters’ political attitudes? Using an online experiment among US subjects, we show that exposure to conspiracy theories decreases voters’ trust in the domestic informational environment. Subjects were exposed to conspiracy theories that are entirely unrelated to American domestic politics, which further underscores such narratives’ danger. However, we fail to reject the null hypothesis that voters do not weigh unrelated conspiracies in their evaluation of politicians’ performance and domestic political institutions. Overall, our findings illustrate that an informational environment permeated by conspiracy theories could impede the functioning of democracy by eroding trust in information providers and undermining the credibility of political information.
Indirect Effects of Binary Typhoons on an Extreme Rainfall Event in Henan Province, China From 19 to 21 July 2021: 2. Numerical Study
Authors: Xu Hongxiong , Duan Yihong , Li Ying , Wang Hui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn extreme precipitation event over Henan province, China from 19 to 21 July 2021 led to flood disasters in this region and widespread concern about the subsequent loss of life and livelihoods. We conducted numerical simulations to examine the impacts of typhoons In‐fa (2021) and Cempaka (2021) on this extreme rainfall event. The control simulation reasonably reproduced the motion of typhoons In‐fa and Cempaka and the associated distribution and amount of extreme rainfall. Sensitivity experiments were conducted in which typhoon In‐fa was artificially moved in both northerly and westerly directions in the initial conditions. The results indicated that the southerly flow between typhoon Cempaka and Henan, which determined the structure and distribution of the extreme rainfall event, was sensitive to the motion of typhoon In‐fa. Numerical experiments that removed typhoon Cempaka confirmed that both the movement of In‐fa and its interaction with Cempaka were closely associated with southerly flows and had a significant effect on the extreme precipitation event. In the absence of typhoon Cempaka, although typhoon In‐fa still had a remote effect on precipitation, the effect was much smaller than in the presence of Cempaka. Our simulation of this extreme rainfall event in Henan and the associated sensitivity experiments are consistent with the results of previous studies of multiple tropical cyclones, which showed that interactions among multiple tropical cyclones can lead to changes in their outer circulation that affect extreme precipitation events.
Transformation in the Stability of Tide‐Induced Upper Saline Plume Driven by Transient External Forcing
Authors: Fang Yunhai , Zheng Tianyuan , Guo Bo , Zhan Hongbin , Wang Huan , Zheng Xilai , Walther Marc 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe fluctuation in sea level induced by tides generates an upper saline plume (USP) in the intertidal region, which is closely related to groundwater flow and solute transport processes in coastal aquifers. Thus, a clearer understanding of the USP configuration is needed to accurately predict the extent of seawater intrusion and water chemical fluxes to the ocean. This study experimentally and numerically examined the effect of transient external forcing conditions on the stability of tide‐induced USP, represented as seasonal subsurface inflow. In contrast to earlier studies, the USP was not always stable or unstable, but experienced a dynamic transformation of stability‐instability as the seasonal subsurface inflow fluctuated. The same intensity of subsurface inflow caused a stable USP in the fixed cases but a dynamic USP state in the seasonal cases. The USP responded rapidly to the fluctuation of seasonal subsurface inflow and was drawn to expand into the intertidal zone. These features of the USP contributed to the increased potential for the onset of an unstable flow when the subsurface inflow varied seasonally. Therefore, ignoring the timescale changes on external forcing conditions may underestimate the generation of unstable USPs. The frequency contrast between seasonal subsurface inflow and tide also influenced the dynamic transformation process occurring in the intertidal region. There was an inverse relationship between the frequency contrast and the duration of the unstable flow. These findings provide a new understanding of the complex intertidal environment in coastal aquifers.
Augmenting the Grammar of Science—The Community Science Exchange
Authors: Noone Kevin J. , Schensul Jean J. , Buchanan Paula R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe expanding field of community science offers the possibility to augment the way science is done, making closer, two‐way connections between researchers, communities, and community members. It enriches and improves science through broadening the scope of problem and hypothesis formulation to include practitioners who will use the results of scientific investigation. It enriches the communities involved through access to and participation in scientific investigations aimed at their own challenges. In this article, we describe a new facility—the Community Science Exchange—that offers venues for both researchers and community practitioners to publish and share their work to the benefit of both science and communities.
Seasonal to Decadal Western Boundary Current Variability From Sustained Ocean Observations
Authors: Chandler M. , Zilberman N. V. , Sprintall J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSubtropical western boundary currents (WBCs) exert a substantial influence on regional climate. To improve WBC observations on seasonal‐to‐decadal timescales, and characterize their subsurface structure to 1975 m depth, we combine high‐resolution expendable bathythermograph, Argo, and satellite altimetry observations in the Agulhas Current, East Australian Current, and Kuroshio. The resulting 16 year time series (2004–2019) show a weakening trend in Kuroshio transport, but no trend in Agulhas transport or East Australian Current transport. All three WBCs have stronger transport in summer, driven mostly by changes in current speed rather than current width. This unique subsurface view of WBC variability reveals changes in the path of the Kuroshio Extension on interannual timescales, and eddy variability in the Agulhas. Our work highlights how this application of a consistent methodology to combine complementary ocean observations allows for an unprecedented direct comparison of variability between WBCs.
Burn Severity in Canada's Mountain National Parks: Patterns, Drivers, and Predictions
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Wang Xianli , Wu Wanli , Guo Futao , Park Jane , Wang Guangyu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFine‐scale estimation of burn severity in the Canadian Rocky Mountain region with mixed‐severity fires is of substantial implications but still lacking. We investigated satellite‐derived burn severity from 1985 to 2015 at 30‐m resolution in three mountain national parks in Canada: Banff, Kootenay, and Yoho National Parks. Results show that fuel type had the most significant influence on burn severity, whereas the three groups of continuous variables (topography, vegetation, and climate) contributed equally to the model, indicating the complex mechanism of environmental controls on fire behavior in this heterogeneous mountain region. The predicted burn severity potentials of the whole parks in 2002 and 2012 showed overall consistent spatial patterns, and lightning‐caused fires produced more high‐severity burn areas than prescribed fires. Generally, local communities in the intensive fire management zone were predicted to have relatively low burn severity, reflecting the fire management effectiveness.
Laboratory Experiments Confirm the Polarization of Auroral Emissions
Authors: Bourgeois Slava , Bosse Léo , Lilensten Jean , Gillet Nicolas , Curaba Stéphane , Delboulbé Alain , Rochat Sylvain 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA series of experiments have shown recently that several auroral lines are polarized, when observed from the ground. However, this polarization may be caused by indirect light sources (from the ground or the sky) scattered in the lower atmosphere by Rayleigh and Lorenz‐Mie scattering, or during the crossing of the ionospheric current sheets. Here, we present polarization measurements of the blue (427.8 nm) and purple (391.4 nm) emissions in a laboratory confined setting that excludes any light pollution or scattering. We show that both lines are polarized, at a level comparable to that of the natural auroral observations. Our results furthermore show that the Degree of Linear Polarization depends on the magnetic conditions. This set of experiments confirms in a controlled environment the polarization of auroral emissions and constitutes a strong evidence in favor of auroral emission already polarized in the upper atmosphere.
The OceanDNA MAG catalog contains over 50,000 prokaryotic genomes originated from various marine environments
Authors: Nishimura Yosuke , Yoshizawa Susumu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMarine microorganisms are immensely diverse and play fundamental roles in global geochemical cycling. Recent metagenome-assembled genome studies, with particular attention to large-scale projects such asTaraOceans, have expanded the genomic repertoire of marine microorganisms. However, published marine metagenome data is still underexplored. We collected 2,057 marine metagenomes covering various marine environments and developed a new genome reconstruction pipeline. We reconstructed 52,325 qualified genomes composed of 8,466 prokaryotic species-level clusters spanning 59 phyla, including genomes from the deep-sea characterized as deeper than 1,000 m (n = 3,337), low-oxygen zones of <90 μmol O2 per kg water (n = 7,884), and polar regions (n = 7,752). Novelty evaluation using a genome taxonomy database shows that 6,256 species (73.9%) are novel and include genomes of high taxonomic novelty, such as new class candidates. These genomes collectively expanded the known phylogenetic diversity of marine prokaryotes by 34.2%, and the species representatives cover 26.5–42.0% of prokaryote-enriched metagenomes. Thoroughly leveraging accumulated metagenomic data, this genome resource, named the OceanDNA MAG catalog, illuminates uncharacterized marine microbial ‘dark matter’ lineages.
Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature, Universal Thermal Climate Index, and Other Heat Metrics for US Counties, 2000–2020
Authors: Spangler Keith R. , Liang Shixin , Wellenius Gregory A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEpidemiologic research on extreme heat consistently finds significant impacts on human morbidity and mortality. However, most of these analyses do not use spatially explicit measures of heat (typically assessing exposures at major cities using the nearest weather station), and they frequently consider only ambient temperature or heat index. The field is moving toward more expansive analyses that use spatially resolved gridded meteorological datasets and alternative assessments of heat, such as wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and universal thermal climate index (UTCI), both of which require technical geoscientific skills that may be inaccessible to many public health researchers. To facilitate research in this domain, we created a database of population-weighted, spatially explicit daily heat metrics – including WBGT, UTCI, heat index, dewpoint temperature, net effective temperature, and humidex – for counties in the conterminous United States derived from the ERA5-Land gridded data set and using previously validated equations and algorithms. We also provide an R package to calculate these metrics, including gold-standard algorithms for estimating WBGT and UTCI, to facilitate replication.