bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blue Iridium (III) Phosphorescent OLEDs with High Brightness Over 10 000 cd m−2 and Ultralow Efficiency Roll‐Off
Authors: Wu Chengcheng , Wang Min , Tong Kai‐Ning , Zhang Meng , Li Wansi , Xu Zhuhua , Zhang Wei‐Long , Wu Yuan , Yang Chen , Fu Hong‐Yan , Chen Season Si , Ng Maggie , Tang Man‐Chung , Wei Guodan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHerein, a family of six [3+2+1] coordinated 2‐(2′,4′‐difluorophenyl) pyridine‐based Iridium(III) complexes with intermolecular interactions have been designed to improve their emission properties. These molecular interactions have been regarded as an effective way to suppress non‐radiative decay and enhance the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of the light‐emitting materials. Specifically, complex 3 functionalized with new −CF3 ligand exhibits PLQY of up to 100%, and the emission peak at ≈485 nm with short excited‐state lifetime down to 1 µs. Therefore, the blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) based on complex 3 dopant exhibits excellent performance with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 22.0% and low efficiency roll‐off. Upon increasing the current density to 250 mA cm−2, high brightness value of 53 400 cd m−2 is achieved, which is not attainable with the similar molecular structure that we have reported recently, indicating the importance of the presence of the (CF···H/CN···H) interactions. Given the well‐overlapping of the emission spectra of these Iridium(III) complexes and absorption spectrum of v‐DABNA emitter, complex 3 has been successfully applied as a sensitizer for v‐DABNA‐based OLED, and a maximum current efficiency of 27.13 cd A−1 with high brightness level of up to 10 000 cd m−2 have been achieved.
Performance Requirements of Membrane Reactors for the Application in Renewable Methanol Synthesis: A Techno‐Economic Assessment
Authors: Dieterich Vincent , Wein Nicolas , Spliethoff Hartmut , Fendt Sebastian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRenewable energy carriers are expected to play a key role in the defossilization of the energy and chemical sector. For renewable methanol synthesis, membrane reactors (MR) have been tested on a laboratory‐scale with promising results. However, membrane performance requirements that allow an economic benefit for their large‐scale deployment are missing. Therefore, a 1D Python MR model is coupled with an AspenPlus process simulation to conduct a techno‐economic assessment with focus on membrane performance. Two synthesis loop configurations are investigated: one where feed and sweep recycle are operated at the same pressure and one where the sweep recycle operates at atmospheric pressure. The results show that both configurations can offer technical benefits, if sufficiently high product separation can be achieved, but that for a compressed sweep recycle no economic benefits are possible. As a consequence, membranes used for methanol synthesis must endure operation at high pressure differences. Furthermore, the results highlight the critical role of the H2 permeance, which should remain below 1 × 10−9 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1. From an economic standpoint high water permeation has a more beneficial effect than high methanol permeation.
Advanced Green Thermoset Resin Tailored for Nanocellulose‐Based Filament‐Reinforced Polymer Composite and Sustainable Development
Authors: Agumba Dickens O. , Panicker Pooja S. , Pham Duc Hoa , Kim Jaehwan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhite pollution has caused extensive damage to the environment, thus making sustainable development necessary. Bioresources such as starch and cellulose are attractive candidates for sustainable materials. Despite the enticing aspects, engineering high‐performance materials from starch and cellulose have not been feasible due to the suboptimal performance of the final products. Here, this work reports a high‐strength and all‐green resin synthesized from low‐cost and abundant sustainable resources of starch, citric acid (CA), and lignin through esterification. The resulting resin discloses a record high strength (158.79 ± 6.51 MPa) and toughness (6.26 ± 0.39 MJ m−3), well above the existing starch‐based and epoxy resins. The adhesion strength (23.94 ± 1.092 MPa) of the resin to cellulose film highlights its feasibility in developing high‐performance cellulose‐reinforced polymer composite. A nanocellulose‐based long filament is manufactured via wet‐spinning on a continuous rapid fiber production system and knit into mats to ascertain the hypothesis. By integrating the resin into nanocellulose‐based filament mats through hand‐layup, hot‐pressing, and postcuring, an all‐green composite is conceived with excellent flexural strength (315.9 ± 20.1 MPa) and stiffness (34.4 ± 1.16 MPa). The high‐strength and all‐green resin can be used in natural fiber composites for automotive, packaging, and optics.
Boosting the Immunoactivity of T Cells by Resonant Thermal Radiation from Electric Graphene Films for Improved Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Shi Changrong , Fu Wenxing , Zhang Xinyi , Zhang Qianyu , Zeng Fantian , Nijiati Sureya , Du Chao , Liu Xiaomin , Wang Mingkun , Yao Youliang , Huang Hongling , Zheng Nanfeng , Chen Xiaoyuan , Wu Binghui , Zhou Zijian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo investigate the effect of resonant thermal radiation from electric graphene films (GFs) to the immunoactivity of T cells in situ and the benefits to cancer immunotherapy. This work utilizes externally applied GFs to regulate the immunoactivity of T cells through the eminent resonant thermal radiation effect. The GFs are fabricated with high emissivity and well‐matched far‐infrared emission peaks between the GFs and living bodies. The T‐cell antigen receptor signaling mechanisms and the ensuing immunoactivity of T cells by GFs treatment, compared with traditional metal films (MFs), are studied both in vitro and in vivo. The resonance thermal radiation decreases the activation threshold of T cells by increasing the influx of calcium ions, neutralizing the negative charge of intracellular membranes and triggering the phospho‐CD3ζ event. As a result, GF treatment elicits an enhanced T‐cell‐based immune response and serves as an externally applied “adjuvant” to T‐cell activation, which shows remarkable efficiency in combination with aPD‐L1 immunotherapy in multiple mouse models. This work centers the unmet needs of regulating the immunoactivity of intratumoral T cells in situ, in which the auxiliary use of GFs with high efficiency and little safety concern has great promise to translational study regarding cancer immunotherapy in future.
Deep Learning Enhances Multiparametric Dynamic Volumetric Photoacoustic Computed Tomography In Vivo (DL‐PACT)
Authors: Choi Seongwook , Yang Jinge , Lee Soo Young , Kim Jiwoong , Lee Jihye , Kim Won Jong , Lee Seungchul , Kim Chulhong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhotoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) has become a premier preclinical and clinical imaging modality. Although PACT's image quality can be dramatically improved with a large number of ultrasound (US) transducer elements and associated multiplexed data acquisition systems, the associated high system cost and/or slow temporal resolution are significant problems. Here, a deep learning‐based approach is demonstrated that qualitatively and quantitively diminishes the limited‐view artifacts that reduce image quality and improves the slow temporal resolution. This deep learning‐enhanced multiparametric dynamic volumetric PACT approach, called DL‐PACT, requires only a clustered subset of many US transducer elements on the conventional multiparametric PACT. Using DL‐PACT, high‐quality static structural and dynamic contrast‐enhanced whole‐body images as well as dynamic functional brain images of live animals and humans are successfully acquired, all in a relatively fast and cost‐effective manner. It is believed that the strategy can significantly advance the use of PACT technology for preclinical and clinical applications such as neurology, cardiology, pharmacology, endocrinology, and oncology.
Graphene at Liquid Copper Catalysts: Atomic‐Scale Agreement of Experimental and First‐Principles Adsorption Height
Authors: Gao Hao , Belova Valentina , La Porta Francesco , Cingolani Juan Santiago , Andersen Mie , Saedi Mehdi , Konovalov Oleg V. , Jankowski Maciej , Heenen Hendrik H. , Groot Irene M. N. , Renaud Gilles , Reuter Karsten 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLiquid metal catalysts have recently attracted attention for synthesizing high‐quality 2D materials facilitated via the catalysts’ perfectly smooth surface. However, the microscopic catalytic processes occurring at the surface are still largely unclear because liquid metals escape the accessibility of traditional experimental and computational surface science approaches. Hence, numerous controversies are found regarding different applications, with graphene (Gr) growth on liquid copper (Cu) as a prominent prototype. In this work, novel in situ and in silico techniques are employed to achieve an atomic‐level characterization of the graphene adsorption height above liquid Cu, reaching quantitative agreement within 0.1 Å between experiment and theory. The results are obtained via in situ synchrotron X‐ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements over wide‐range q‐vectors and large‐scale molecular dynamics simulations based on efficient machine‐learning (ML) potentials trained to first‐principles density functional theory (DFT) data. The computational insight is demonstrated to be robust against inherent DFT errors and reveals the nature of graphene binding to be highly comparable at liquid Cu and solid Cu(111). Transporting the predictive first‐principles quality via ML potentials to the scales required for liquid metal catalysis thus provides a powerful approach to reach microscopic understanding, analogous to the established computational approaches for catalysis at solid surfaces.
Single‐Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Longevity Immune Remodeling Features Shared by Centenarians and Their Offspring
Authors: Dong Chen , Miao Ya‐ru , Zhao Rui , Yang Mei , Guo An‐yuan , Xue Zhong‐hui , Li Teng , Zhang Qiong , Bao Yanfeng , Shen Chen , Sun Chi , Yang Ying , Gu Xi‐xi , Jin Yi , Li Rong , Xu Min , Guo Jia‐xin , Zong Zhi‐ying , Zhou Wei , He Mei , Wang Dan‐ni , Su Jian‐you , Zhang Xiao‐ming , Zeng Xu‐hui , Gao Jian‐lin , Gu Zhi‐feng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCentenarians, who show mild infections and low incidence of tumors, are the optimal model to investigate healthy aging. However, longevity related immune characteristics has not been fully revealed largely due to lack of appropriate controls. In this study, single‐cell transcriptomic analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from seven centenarians (CEN), six centenarians’ offspring (CO), and nine offspring spouses or neighbors (Control, age‐matched to CO) are performed to investigate the shared immune features between CEN and CO. The results indicate that among all 12 T cell clusters, the cytotoxic‐phenotype‐clusters (CPC) and the naïve‐phenotype‐clusters (NPC) significantly change between CEN and ontrol. Compared to Control, both CEN and CO are characterized by depleted NPC and increased CPC, which is dominated by CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, CPC from CEN and CO share enhanced signaling pathways and transcriptional factors associated with immune response, and possesse similar T‐cell‐receptor features, such as high clonal expansion. Interestingly, rather than a significant increase in GZMK+ CD8 cells during aging, centenarians show accumulation of GZMB+ and CMC1+ CD8 T cells. Collectively, this study unveils an immune remodeling pattern reflected by both quantitative increase and functional reinforcement of cytotoxic T cells which are essential for healthy aging.
Superelastic 3D Assembled Clay/Graphene Aerogels for Continuous Solar Desalination and Oil/Organic Solvent Absorption
Authors: Ding Meichun , Lu Hao , Sun Yongbin , He Yujian , Yu Jiahui , Kong Huijun , Shao Changxiang , Liu Chen‐Yang , Li Chenwei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSuperelastic, arbitrary‐shaped, and 3D assembled clay/graphene aerogels (CGAs) are fabricated using commercial foam as sacrificial skeleton. The CGAs possess superelasticity under compressive strain of 95% and compressive stress of 0.09–0.23 MPa. The use of clay as skeletal support significantly reduces the use of graphene by 50%. The hydrophobic CGAs show high solvent absorption capacity of 186–519 times its own weight. Moreover, both the compression and combustion methods can be adopted for reusing the CGAs. In particular, it is demonstrated a design of 3D assembled hydrophilic CGA equipped with salt collection system for continuous solar desalination. Due to energy recovery and brine transport management promoted by this design, the 3D assembled CGA system exhibits an extremely high evaporation rate of 4.11 kg m−2 h−1 and excellent salt‐resistant property without salt precipitation even in 20 wt% brine for continuous 36 h illumination (1 kW m−2), which is the best reported result from the solar desalination devices. More importantly, salts can be collected conveniently by squeezing and drying the solution out of the salt collection system. The work provides new insights into the design of 3D assembled CGAs and advances their applications in continuous solar desalination and efficient oil/organic solvent adsorption.
Suppressing Undesired Channel Length‐Dependent Electrical Characteristics of Fully Integrated InGaZnO Thin‐Film Transistors via Defect Control Layer
Authors: Kim Kyung Min , Yang Jeong Suk , Kim Hyung Tae , Han Inhyo , Jung Sang‐Hoon , Yang Joon‐Young , Ha Yong Min , Yoon Soo Young , Kim Hyun Jae 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDemand for increased scalability of oxide thin‐film transistors (TFTs) continues to rise, along with the need for ever‐higher integration densities and driving currents. However, the undesirable channel length (LCH)‐dependency renders short channels difficult. To overcome such behavior in back‐channel etched devices, back‐channel interface engineering using commercially favorable silicon oxide (SiOx) and the effects thereof on the electrical characteristics of fully integrated TFTs are investigated. Process‐dependent investigation reveals that a sequential formation of double‐layered SiOx with a defect control layer (DCL) effectively alleviates back‐channel damage. The proposed method imparts advanced functionality to conventional materials of SiOx. The DCL promotes oxygen inter‐diffusion to the oxygen‐deficient back‐channel, suppresses excess hydrogen inflow, and boosts out‐diffusion of residual copper from the back‐channel. This afforded excellent device uniformity and electrical characteristics with the proposed device, including field effect mobility of ≈14.0 ± 1.0 cm2 V−1 s−1, threshold voltage (Vth) of ≈1.22 ± 0.39 V, and subthreshold gate swing of ≈0.46 ± 0.09 V dec−1 at W/L = 4/7 µm. Furthermore, Vth variation when LCH decreased from 20 to 4 µm is dramatically suppressed from >11.39 V with the pristine device to 0.78 V with the proposed device, because of controlled back‐channel properties providing sufficient effective LCH.
Weak Electron–Phonon Coupling and Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance in n‐type PbTe–Cu2Se via Dynamic Phase Conversion
Authors: Wu Ming , Cui Hong‐Hua , Cai Songting , Hao Shiqiang , Liu Yukun , Bailey Trevor P. , Zhang Yinying , Chen Zixuan , Luo Yubo , Uher Ctirad , Wolverton Christopher , Dravid Vinayak P. , Yu Yan , Luo Zhong‐Zhen , Zou Zhigang , Yan Qingyu , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study investigates Ga‐doped n‐type PbTe thermoelectric materials and the dynamic phase conversion process of the second phases via Cu2Se alloying. Introducing Cu2Se enhances its electrical transport properties while reducing its lattice thermal conductivity (κlat) via weak electron–phonon coupling. Cu2Te and CuGa(Te/Se)2 (tetragonal phase) nanocrystals precipitate during the alloying process, resulting in Te vacancies and interstitial Cu in the PbTe matrix. At room temperature, Te vacancies and interstitial Cu atoms serve as n‐type dopants, increasing the carrier concentration and electrical conductivity from ≈1.18 × 1019 cm−3 and ≈1870 S cm−1 to ≈2.26 × 1019 cm−3 and ≈3029 S cm−1, respectively. With increasing temperature, the sample exhibits a dynamic change in Cu2Te content and the generation of a new phase of CuGa(Te/Se)2 (cubic phase), strengthening the phonon scattering and obtaining an ultralow κlat. Pb0.975Ga0.025Te‐3%CuSe exhibits a maximum figure of merit of ≈1.63 at 823 K, making it promising for intermediate‐temperature device applications.
Prognostic significance of preoperative osteopenia on outcomes after gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Fukushima Naoko , Tsuboi Kazuto , Nyumura Yuya , Hoshino Masato , Masuda Takahiro , Suzuki Toshimasa , Kajimoto Tetsuya , Yano Fumiaki , Eto Ken 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimOsteopenia, characterized by low bone mineral density, is a potential prognostic factor for patients with cancer. The aim of this study was to clarify the impact of preoperative osteopenia in patients with gastric cancer (GC) after gastrectomy.MethodsWe included 224 patients with GC who underwent gastrectomy between August 2013 and May 2022. Osteopenia was evaluated by measuring the pixel density in the mid‐vertebral core of the 11th thoracic vertebra using computed tomography.ResultsOsteopenia was identified in 68 patients (30%). The osteopenia group had significantly worse overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) than the non‐osteopenia group (P < .01, P < .01, respectively). The postoperative hospital stay was significantly longer, and the occurrence of postoperative complications (Clavien‐Dindo grade ≥ III) was significantly higher in the osteopenia group (P = .04, P < .01, respectively). In multivariate analysis, osteopenia (P < .01), stage ≥II (P < .01), and R1 or R2 curability (P < .01) were independent and significant predictors of DFS. Additionally, osteopenia (P < .01), intraoperative blood loss (P = .04), stage ≥II (P < .01), and R1 or R2 curability (P < .01) were independent and significant predictors of OS.ConclusionPreoperative osteopenia was independently associated with a poor prognosis and recurrence in patients who underwent gastrectomy for GC.
Stabilizing and structuring oil–oil interfaces by molecular brush surfactants
Authors: Wang Beibei , Zhang Zhao , Feng Weixiao , Luo Jiaqiu , Shi Shaowei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOil‐in‐oil emulsions provide a unique platform for numerous applications not compatible with water or aqueous systems. However, the limited types and complicated synthesis process of surfactants are problematic. Here, we put forward a simple, yet powerful strategy to stabilize the oil–oil interface, then prepare oil‐in‐oil emulsions, by using the co‐assembly of polar molecular brushes and nonpolar oligomeric ligands at the DMF–octane interface. Molecular brush surfactants (MBSs) form and assemble in situ at the interface, minimizing the interfacial energy and producing a robust film. We find that the binding energy of MBS to the interface is sufficiently high, leading to the construction of structured liquids by the interfacial jamming of MBSs. Using MBSs as emulsifiers, different types of emulsions including DMF‐in‐octane, octane‐in‐DMF, and high internal phase emulsions can be easily prepared, showing promising applications in microreactor systems and advanced composite materials.
The Role of Discrepant Reactive Intermediates on Ru‐Ru2P Heterostructure for pH‐Universal Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Su Lixin , Jin Yiming , Gong Dan , Ge Xin , Zhang Wei , Fan Xinran , Luo Wei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDeveloping highly efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) under alkaline media is essential for the commercialization of alkaline exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC). However, the kinetics of HOR in alkaline media is complicated, resulting in orders of magnitude slower than that in acid, even for the state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C. Here, we find that Ru‐Ru2P/C heterostructure shows HOR performance with a non‐monotonous variation in a whole pH region. Unexpectedly, an inflection point located at pH≈7 is observed, showing an anomalous behavior that HOR activity under alkaline media surpasses acidic media. Combining experimental results and theoretical calculations, we propose the roles of discrepant reactive intermediates for pH‐universal HOR, while H* and H2O* adsorption strengths are responsible for acidic HOR, and OH* adsorption strength is essential for alkaline HOR. This work not only sheds light on fundamentally understanding the mechanism of HOR but also provides new designing principles for pH‐targeted electrocatalysts.
Hybridization effect of cellulose paper and postcuring conditions on the mechanical properties of flax fiber reinforced epoxy biocomposite
Authors: Khalifa Mohammed , Berndt Alexander , C. Shamitha , Pichler Stefan , Lammer Herfried , Wuzella Guenter 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn ever‐increasing rise in demand for sustainable materials has received significant attention in developing biocomposites for structural applications. In this regard, natural fibers replacing synthetic fibers as reinforcement in epoxy composite could be a significant gain toward sustainability, especially in automobile and structural applications. Herein, flax fiber/cellulose paper–reinforced epoxy biocomposite (FREC‐X) was fabricated via a vacuum infusion process. The influence of postcuring conditions (time and temperature) and cellulose paper density on the mechanical properties of FREC‐X was studied. The tensile strength and modulus of FREC‐X increased by 37% and 64%, respectively, upon the integration of paper. Postcuring FREC‐X further augmented the tensile and flexural properties of the composite, which could be attributed to the increase in cross‐linking of the epoxy and yields a strong polymer network. Fractography analysis confirmed that the composites integrated with paper showed fewer defects with improved interfacial adhesion. In addition, the water absorption and thickness swelling results revealed that the presence of cellulose paper marginally increased the water uptake and thickness swelling of FREC‐X. Furthermore, there was no significant change in the tensile and flexural properties of FREC‐X observed even after immersing in water for >200 h. Such properties of FREC‐X seen as a fascinating alternative to synthetic fibers and petroleum‐based epoxy and are promising material for sustainable development.
Studies on the reactivity of epoxy/polyol/isocyanate blend resins and the properties of epoxy/polyurethane composites
Authors: Lee Ya‐Shiuan , Lee Wen‐Jau , Chen Yi‐Chun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEpoxy resin (ER) is one of the most widely used synthetic resins, and the improvement of its toughness is an important issue. In this study, Epon 828 is used as ER resin, polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMG) and liquefied wood (LW) are used as polyol, and IPDI, H12‐MDI, Desmodur N, and Desmodur L are used as isocyanate. The influence of polyurethane resin (PU) composition on the reactivity of ER/polyol/isocyanate blended resin and the properties of ER/PU composite are investigated. The results show that the mixture of ER/PTMG/IPDI has greater reactivity, followed by ER/PTMG/Desmodur N, while ER/PTMG/Desmodur L has lower reactivity. In the structure of ER/PU blended resin composites, ER and PU resins not only form a physical interpenetrating structure, but also undergo a copolymerization crosslinking reaction. The modulus of elasticity of ER/PU composites prepared with trifunctional Desmodur L and Desmodur N is greater than that of bifunctional IPDI and H12‐MDI, while those with LW as polyol is greater than that of PTMG as the raw material.