bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement Effect of Active Magnetization on Subsea Pipeline Localization
Authors: Xinjing Huang , Yuan Wang , Zhaosheng Jin , Jialin Wu , Jian Li , Hao Feng , Yu Zhang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Accurate localization of subsea pipelines is the prerequisite for its inspection, reinforcement and maintenance. Magnetic anomaly generated by the ferromagnetic pipeline immersed in the earth’s magnetic field can be used to locate the pipeline. However, since the magnetic field decays rapidly with distance, the detection distance is very limited. This paper proposes a method to improve the sensitivity and limit distance of pipeline detection and positioning through active magnetization. When the magnet is directly above the pipe, the magnetization effect is best, so a magnet array should be used to cover the pipe with wide enough coverage. Experiments have proved that by using a magnet array, with SNR = 20 dB as the judging criterion, the limit detection distance of a Φ219mm steel pipe can be increased from 0.363m to 0.554m.
Features of Guided Waves Propagating in a Honeycomb Sandwich Structure
Authors: Wang Lifu , Araque Leonardo , Tai Steffen , Mal Ajit , Schaal Christoph 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Honeycomb sandwich structures (HSSs) are well-known for their very high specific strength, and are widely used for aeronautical and aerospace industrial applications. Due to their special usage and high cost, non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of HSS plays an important role in the industry. NDE using guided waves, as one of the potential method of NDE, is getting more attention for its economical efficiency. However, due to the complexity of the HSS, very little theoretical work has been done on determining the features of waves propagating in HSS structure especially in a wide frequency range. This research focuses on using a homogenized layer model for the HSS, studying how the material properties affect the features of the guided waves. By using the global matrix method, features including the phase velocities and group velocities of different modes are computed. The effects of different material properties are evaluated and compared. The results show that the material properties of the face sheets are most influential for gudied wave features. These findings open up the possibility of bypassing the complexity of the core to analyze the guided waves propagating in a honeycomb sandwich structure.
Estimation of Internal Surface Roughness of Additively Manufactured Components Under Complex Conditions Using Artificial Intelligence and Measurements of Ultrasonic Backscatter
Authors: Syed Akbar Ali Mohamed Subair , Pavlovic Mato , Rajagopal Prabhu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is increasingly being considered for fabrication of components with complex geometries in various industries such as aerospace and healthcare. Control of surface roughness of components is thus a crucial aspect for more widespread adoption of AM techniques. However, estimating the internal (or ‘far-side’) surface roughness of components is a challenge, and often requires sophisticated techniques such as X-ray computed tomography, which are difficult to implement online. Although ultrasound could potentially offer a solution, grain noise and inspection surface conditions complicate the process.
This paper studies the feasibility of using Artificial Intelligence (AI) in conjunction with ultrasonic measurements for rapid estimation of internal surface roughness in AM components, using numerical simulations. In the first models reported here, a pulse-echo configuration is assumed, whereby a specimen sample with rough surfaces is insonified with bulk ultrasonic waves and the backscatter is used to generate A-scans. Simulations are carried out for various combinations of the model parameters, yielding a large number of such A-scans. A neural network algorithm is then created and trained on a subset of the datasets so generated using simulations, and later used to predict the roughness from the rest. The results demonstrate the immense potential of this approach in inspection automation for rapid roughness assessments in AM components, based on ultrasonic measurements.
Federal Aviation Administration’s Probability of Detection Testing Results for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)
Authors: Swindell Paul , Stephens Danielle 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has been participating with the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Aerospace Industry Steering Committee (AISC) to develop a methodology for calculating the Probability of Detection (POD) for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) for damage detection on commercial aviation. Two POD methodologies were developed: one by Dr. William Meeker, Iowa State University, and the other by Dennis Roach, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). With Dr. Seth Kessler, Metis Design Corp, a test program of 24 samples of aluminum strips to be fatigued on MTS machines was developed. The samples were designed to meet the ASTM E647. Twelve samples had two SHM modalities on the front and back from Metis (PZT and carbon nanotubes), and the other twelve had SHM sensors from Structural Monitoring Systems (SMS) (comparative vacuum monitoring – CVM) and Acellent Technologies (PZT). The tests were performed at the FAA William J Hughes Technical Center in Atlantic City, NJ. The samples were cycled every 1500 cycles and then stopped for SHM data collection. Once the crack exceeded 0.125 inches and provided for a minimum of 15 inspections, a new sample was tested until all 12 samples were completed. The data was provided to each company to be set up in the format needed to run through the POD methodologies. Then the data was provided to Dr. Meeker and Dr. Roach for analysis. This paper will provide the results of those tests.
Enhancing Vibration-Based Structural Health Monitoring via Edge Computing: A Tiny Machine Learning Perspective
Authors: Zonzini Federica , Romano Francesca , Carbone Antonio , Zauli Matteo , De Marchi Luca 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Despite the outstanding improvements achieved by artificial intelligence in the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) field, some challenges need to be coped with. Among them, the necessity to reduce the complexity of the models and the data-to-user latency time which are still affecting state-of-the-art solutions. This is due to the continuous forwarding of a huge amount of data to centralized servers, where the inference process is usually executed in a bulky manner. Conversely, the emerging field of Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML), promoted by the recent advancements by the electronic and information engineering community, made sensor-near data inference a tangible, low-cost and computationally efficient alternative. In line with this observation, this work explored the embodiment of the One Class Classifier Neural Network, i.e., a neural network architecture solving binary classification problems for vibration-based SHM scenarios, into a resource-constrained device. To this end, OCCNN has been ported on the Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense platform and validated with experimental data from the Z24 bridge use case, reaching an average accuracy and precision of 95% and 94%, respectively.
Shear Horizontal Guided Wave Corrosion Detection and Quantification in Pipes via Linear Scanning Magnetostrictive Transducers (MST)
Authors: Chen Xin , Vinogradov Sergey , Cobb Adam 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Shear horizontal (SH) guided waves are being widely considered as a promising tool for locating wall thinning corrosion in pipelike structures. One established approach to excite such waves in pipes is through the magnetostrictive transducers (MsT), which is an electromagnetic-based guided wave transducer that offers unique advantages over other transducer types. A common practice for fast screening of defects is using an automated probe positioning system. In this paper, we report the usage of a newly designed linear scanning MsT, where an iron cobalt (FeCo) strip of a predefined length wound with radio frequency (RF) coils is attached to the testing structure using shear wave couplants and a moving permanent magnet driven by a stepper motor is used to excite SH guided waves at predefined positions. In this fashion, manual manipulation of probe is minimized which significantly increases testing speed. The performance of the linear scanning MsT at corrosion inspection is evaluated experimentally by introducing “V” shaped gradual wall thinning patches of different depths and locations on a 406 mm outer diameter (OD) steel pipe with 10 mm wall thickness. The reflection and transmission amplitudes of SH modes, as well as indications from B-scan and synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) images, are extracted for corrosion detection and quantification. Numerical modeling is also conducted to facilitate the understanding of SH waves interaction with defects.
Correlation Between Deoxyribonucleic Acid Excision-Repair and Life-Span in a Number of Mammalian Species
Authors: Hart R. W. , Setlow R. B. 
Published: January 2022

The ability of fibroblasts to perform unscheduled DNA synthesis (a measure of excision repair) after ultraviolet (UV) irradiation was measured radioautographically for seven species at several times after several UV fluences. Both the initial rate and the maximum incorporation of [′H]dThd increased with the life-span of the species (shrew, mouse, rat, hamster, cow, elephant, and human). Unscheduled DNA synthesis was approximately proportional to the logarithm of life-span.
Reproduced by permission.

R. W. Hart, R. B. Setlow, Correlation Between Deoxyribonucleic Acid Excision-Repair and Life-Span in a Number of Mammalian Species.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
71
, 2169-2173 (1974).
Behaviour model integrated by protection motivation theory and information–motivation–behavioural skills model applying in pregnancy weight management (PrInMAMa): a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial in China
Authors: Ge Jinjin , Wang Li , Peng Xueqing , Zhang Chi , Zhao Shiqi , Zhou Meng , Tang Shaowen , You Hua 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionExcessive gestational weight gain poses a significant threat to maternal and child health. The healthy behaviour theory has been increasingly applied to weight management during pregnancy, but research is still insufficient. The successful application of the protection motivation theory (PMT) and the information–motivation–behavioural skills (IMB) model in the field of healthy behaviour laid the foundation for this intervention study. The overall aim of this study is to test the effectiveness of interventions based on the behaviour model integrated with the PMT and IMB model (PMT–IMB model) on weight management and provide feasible methods for weight management during pregnancy.Methods and analysisThis prospective, single-centre, randomised controlled trial involves two steps. First, based on the PMT–IMB model, evaluation tools and intervention materials will be developed. Second, more than 800 women in the first trimester of pregnancy will be randomly assigned to two groups and will be followed until 1 week after delivery. The control group will receive standardised antenatal care (ANC), whereas the experimental group will receive both standardised ANC and interventions based on the PMT–IMB model. After three surveys (at enrolment, at 28 weeks of gestation, and on the day of hospitalisation for delivery), primary outcomes (scores of the subscales of the PMT–IMB model, scores of the pregnancy weight management strategy scale, and gestational weight gain) and secondary outcomes (pregnancy outcomes and pregnancy complications) will be obtained. Differences in outcomes between the two groups will be analysed to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the ethics committee of Nanjing Medical University. All participants will sign an informed consent form prior to enrolment. The findings of the study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences.Trial registration numberChiCTR2100043231
Neoadjuvant programmed cell death 1 blockade combined with chemotherapy for resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yang Weixiong , Xing Xiangbin , Yeung Sai-Ching Jim , Wang Siyu , Chen Wenfang , Bao Yong , Wang Fang , Feng Shiting , Peng Fang , Wang Xiaoyan , Chen Shuling , He Minghui , Zhang Ning , Wang Honglei , Zeng Bo , Liu Zhenguo , Kidane Biniam , Seder Christopher W , Koyanagi Kazuo , Shargall Yaron , Luo Honghe , Peng Sui , Cheng Chao 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundProgrammed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade induces tumor regression in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC); however, little is known about the efficacy of PD-1 blockade as neoadjuvant therapy in resectable ESCC. We aim to assess the safety and feasibility of using the combination of neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade with chemotherapy in patients with ESCC.MethodsPatients with previously untreated, resectable (stage II or III) ESCC were enrolled. Each patient received two 21-day cycles of neoadjuvant treatment with camrelizumab, nab-paclitaxel, and carboplatin before undergoing surgical resection approximately 6–9 weeks after the first cycle.ResultsBetween January 2020 and September 2020, 37 patients were screened, of whom 23 were enrolled. The neoadjuvant therapeutic regimen had an acceptable side effect profile, and no delays in surgery were observed. Severe (grade 3–4) treatment-related adverse events included neutropenia (9 of 23, 39.1%) and leukopenia (2 of 23, 8.7%). The objective response and disease control rates were 90.5% and 100%, respectively. Twenty patients received surgery, and R0 resection was achieved in all cases. Five (25%) patients had a pathological complete response (PCR) and 10 (50%) patients had a major pathological response. The proportion of patients with a high tumor mutation burden and a high expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in primary tumor was significantly higher in the PCR group than in the non-PCR group (p=0.044). The number of infiltrating PD-L1+ CD163+ cells was significantly lower in the PCR group than in the non-PCR group after treatment (p=0.017).ConclusionsNeoadjuvant camrelizumab plus carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel had manageable treatment-related adverse effects and induced an objective response in 90.5% of patients, demonstrating its antitumor efficacy in resectable ESCC.Trial registration numberChiCTR2000028900.
Moral injury and well-being in essential workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: local survey findings
Authors: Guy Catherine , Kunonga Edward , Kennedy Angela , Patel Paras 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundEssential workers have faced many difficult situations working during the pandemic. Staff may feel that they, or other people, have acted wrongly and be distressed by this. This represents moral injury, which has been linked with significant mental ill health.MethodsThis survey asked essential workers in County Durham and Darlington about their experiences during the first wave of the pandemic and anything they felt would help. Well-being and moral injury were rated using sliders.ResultsThere were 566 responses. A majority of respondents reported feeling troubled by other people’s actions they felt were wrong (60% scored over 40, where 0 is ‘not at all troubled’ and 100 ‘very troubled’, median score=52.5). Respondents were generally less troubled by their own actions (median score=3). Well-being and moral injury scores varied by employment sector (eg, National Health Service (NHS) staff were more troubled by the actions of others than non-NHS staff).Staff suggestions included regular supervisor check-ins, ensuring kindness from everyone, fair rules and enforcement and improving communication and processes. Respondents offered simple, practical actions that could be taken by leaders at team, organisation, societal and governmental levels to tackle moral injury and the underlying causes of moral injurious environments.ConclusionUsing these findings to develop a strategy to address moral injury is important, not only for staff well-being, but staff retention and continued delivery of vital services in these challenging times. Working together, we can seek to reduce and mitigate ‘moral injury’ the same way we do for other physical workplace ‘injuries’.
A Facile Microwave-Assisted Green Synthetic Approach of Solid-State Fluorescent Carbon-Dot Nanopowders Derived from Biowaste for Potential Latent-Fingerprint Enhancement
Authors: Dinake Pogisego , Phokedi Gothatamang Norma , Mokgadi Janes , Ntshekisang Anthony , Botlhomilwe Mmamiki Ayanda , Kelebemang Rosemary , Motswetla Obakeng , Present Bokang 
Published: January 2022

Latent fingerprint detection and visualization remains a challenge especially where problems of poor contrast, auto-fluorescent surfaces and patterned backgrounds are encountered. As a result there is an increasing interest in the development of simple, cost effective, rapid and yet accurate methods for latent fingerprint detection and recovery. Herein, this paper reports the synthesis of bright blue photoluminescent carbon dots (C-dots) via an eco-friendly and simple one-step microwave-assisted carbonization of potato peels’ biomass. The C-dots were prepared in only 3 min and ground into powder and used without any further treatment. The as-prepared C-dots were characterized using atomic force microscope, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction with an average size of 1.0[Formula: see text]nm. The optical properties of the as-prepared C-dots were studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy and spectrofluorometer which established an excitation and emission wavelengths of 390[Formula: see text]nm and 480[Formula: see text]nm, respectively. Owing to their strong solid state fluorescence, the as-prepared C-dots’ powder was successfully used in latent fingerprint detection and imaging on porous and nonporous surfaces. Latent fingerprints were recovered with high resolution and excellent quality providing sufficient details for individual identification. These findings demonstrate that C-dots derived from biomass have a great potential in latent fingerprint analysis for forensic applications.
Fluvial processes and landforms
Authors: Ferguson Robert I. , Lewin John , Hardy Richard J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The period 1965–2000 saw a sustained increase in research and publications on fluvial processes and landforms. The trend towards generalization and/or mechanistic understanding, rather than site-specific history, continued. Research was multidisciplinary, with important contributions from hydraulic engineers, geologists and physical geographers and from experimental and theoretical approaches as well as geomorphological and sedimentological fieldwork. Rapidly increasing computer power underpinned new measurement methods, and greatly increased the scope of data analysis and numerical modelling. There were major advances in understanding the interaction of river process and form at reach scale, with growing recognition of differences between sand-bed and coarse-bed rivers. Field studies outside Europe and North America led to greater awareness of the diversity of river planforms and depositional landforms. Conceptual models of how rivers respond to natural or anthropogenic change in boundary conditions at different timescales were refined, taking advantage of studies of the response to land-use change, major floods and volcanic eruptions. The dating of sediments allowed greater appreciation of fluctuations in the incidence of extreme driving events over centuries and thousands of years. Towards the end of this period, research on bedrock rivers began to take off.
Cross-border petroleum geology in the North Sea: an introduction
Authors: Archer Stuart G. , Kombrink Henk , Patruno Stefano , Chiarella Domenico , Jackson Christopher A.-L. , Howell John A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The North Sea has reached an ultra-mature state as a petroleum basin, entering a phase of infrastructure-led exploration in an attempt to extend the economic lives of the main fields and reduce the rate of production decline. At the same time, the transition to a future low-carbon use of the basin is also in progress. As the papers in this volume demonstrate, in order to find, appraise and develop the mostly smaller near-field opportunities as well as making sure to grasp the opportunities of the near-future energy transition, a regional understanding of the North Sea is still critical. Even more so, a cross-border approach is essential because: (1) some of the plays currently being targeted have a clear cross-border element; (2) it allows a comparison of stratigraphic names throughout the entire basin; and (3) it enables explorers to learn lessons from one part of the rift to be applied somewhere else.
This volume offers an up-to-date ‘geology-without-borders’ view of the stratigraphy, sedimentology, tectonics and oil-and-gas exploration trends of the entire North Sea Basin. The challenges associated with data continuity and nomenclature differences across median lines are discussed and mitigated. Examples of under-exploited cross-border plays and discoveries are discussed.
Truly stateless, optimal dynamic partial order reduction
Authors: Kokologiannakis Michalis , Marmanis Iason , Gladstein Vladimir , Vafeiadis Viktor 
Published: January 2022

Dynamic partial order reduction (DPOR) verifies concurrent programs by exploring all their interleavings up to some equivalence relation, such as the Mazurkiewicz trace equivalence. Doing so involves a complex trade-off between space and time. Existing DPOR algorithms are either exploration-optimal (i.e., explore exactly only interleaving per equivalence class) but may use exponential memory in the size of the program, or maintain polynomial memory consumption but potentially explore exponentially many redundant interleavings.
In this paper, we show that it is possible to have the best of both worlds: exploring exactly one interleaving per equivalence class with linear memory consumption. Our algorithm, TruSt, formalized in Coq, is applicable not only to sequential consistency, but also to any weak memory model that satisfies a few basic assumptions, including TSO, PSO, and RC11. In addition, TruSt is embarrassingly parallelizable: its different exploration options have no shared state, and can therefore be explored completely in parallel. Consequently, TruSt outperforms the state-of-the-art in terms of memory and/or time.