bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Major and sub-threshold depression and quality of life of displaced older persons: Community based cross sectional study in Nigeria
Authors: Ojeahere Margaret Isioma , Ola Bolanle , Piwuna Christopher , Goar Suwa Goden , Afolaranmi Tolulope , Uwakwe Richard 
Published: July 2022

Introduction This study examined major and subthreshold depression, their relationships with sociodemographic/risk factors and quality of life (QOL) of internally displaced older persons in a rural community in north central Nigeria. Methods A community-based, cross-sectional study conducted among 200 older adults in Riyom, Nigeria. The respective modules of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and WHOQOL-BREF were used to conduct face to face interviews to assess major and subthreshold depression and QOL respectively. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were performed using 95% confidence interval to analyse the significant relationships between depression, socio-demographic/risk factors, and QOL. Probability value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Findings The prevalence of lifetime major and sub-threshold prevalence of depression were 58.5% and 12.5% respectively. The factors significantly associated with increased odds for major depression were average monthly income, history of traumatic event (s) and having a confidant to talk with after the event (s) with (OR=1.839, CI=1.364-2.480, p= 0.001); (OR=9.860, CI=1.025- 94.876, p= 0.048) (OR= 4.570, CI=1.783- 11.718, p= 0.002) respectively while access to health care and having a confidant after the event (s) similar to major depression (OR= 5.105, CI=1.037- 25.133, p= 0.045); (OR= 0.276, CI=0.088- 0.862, p= 0.027) respectively were found significantly associated for sub-threshold depression. Conclusions The prevalence of major and sub-threshold depression among internally displaced older persons in a Nigerian rural community were high and there were significant relationships with sociodemographic factors and QOL. While there is a need for more studies, intervention studies in internally displaced older persons would need to consider low socioeconomic status, social support, and traumatic events with substantial impairment in QOL in addressing the burden of major and sub-threshold depression among these growing populations.
The impact of behavioral disorders on the level of custodial school-engagement among detained adolescent boys: an observational cohort study
Authors: Atilola Olayinka , Abiri Gbonjubola , Ola Bolanle 
Published: July 2022

Background The impact of behavioral disorders on custodial school-engagement has not been studied. We investigated the impact of conduct disorder (CD), oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD), and attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on the level of school-engagement among detained boys in a youth correctional facility in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods A total of 103 boys were assessed, at the point of remand, for the presence or otherwise of behavioral disorders using the DSM-5 version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. The level of emotional, behavioral, and cognitive school-engagement among them was also assessed, using the School Engagement Measure, three months after enrolment in the custodial school. Results More than half of respondents had at-least one behavioral disorder, with CD being the most prevalent (54.4%). Multiple regression analyses showed that after controlling for perceived autonomy of learning climate, age, and prior level of education at baseline; each of the three behavioral disorders assessed had an independent negative impact on self-reported level of school-engagement three months after enrolment in custodial school. Among the behavioral disorders, ADHD had the largest magnitude of impact (β=-2.78; p<0.01). Conclusions We concluded that behavioural disorders had negative impact on school engagement in youth correctional settings and constitute potential barrier to successful educational rehabilitation.
Childhood Adversity as a predictor of Depression and Suicidality among Adolescents in Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Edet Bassey Eyo , Essien Emmanuel Aniekan , Eleazu Franklyn Ifeanyi , Atu Ginini Edward , Ogunkola Isaac Olushola 
Published: July 2022

Background Child abuse occurs worldwide and negatively impacts the health, functioning and psychological wellbeing of victims. Its effect on adolescent mental health has been insufficiently explored in Nigeria. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of child abuse on the occurrence of depression and suicidality among Nigerian adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 327 secondary school students in Calabar, Nigeria. Beck’s depression inventory, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (SF) assessing emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect, and questions on suicidality from the Nigerian version of the Global School-based Student health survey (GSHS) were administered. Results Sexual abuse (41.3%) was the commonest type, followed by physical neglect (38.5%) and physical abuse (30.0%). Over two-thirds (67.3%) had experienced at least one type of abuse. All types of abuse emerged as significant predictors of depression, with physical abuse being the strongest predictor. Also, all abuse types predicted various self-harming behaviours (considering, planning or attempting suicide and deliberate self-harm). There was a stepwise increase in the risk of depression and suicidal behaviour with the experience of more abuse types. All dimensions of abuse were significantly correlated, with the strongest association between physical and emotional neglect. Conclusion Child abuse predicts depression and suicidality and is worse with multiple types of abuse. Public health interventions to prevent childhood trauma and screen for mental disorders in victims should be instituted in Nigeria.
Dimensiones de política exterior en América Latina según juicio de expertos
Authors: Merke Federico , Reynoso Diego 
Published: July 2022

La literatura de Ciencia Política sobre política exterior en América Latina es extensa y rica en estudios de casos, pero débil en teoría y trabajos con extensos. Esto ha limitado sensiblemente la comparación entre países y ha reducido la capacidad para identificar en la región regularidades, tendencias y patrones de política exterior. Así, se cuenta con buenas historias, ricas en detalles, pero con pocos datos sistemáticos para construir explicaciones robustas acerca de la política exterior en América
Latina. Buscando corregir este déficit, nuestra investigación se dirige a examinar las orientaciones de política exterior en América Latina entre 1980 y 2014 en diecinueve países de América Latina. A partir de juicios, expertos sobre posiciones de política exterior de presidentes de América Latina estimamos las posiciones de los presidentes en cuatro dimensiones de política exterior: estilo de política exterior, orientación geopolítica, orientación económica y relación con los Estados Unidos de América. En este texto presentamos el estado de la cuestión, la metodología utilizada y los primeros resultados
estadísticos agregados.
In-Vitro evaluation of fracture strength of zirconia and peek anterior FPD Framework
Authors: Budhwar Preeti , Gautam Ashesh , Goutam Manish , AnubhutiAnubhuti Anubhuti , Kumari Priyanka , Soni Vagisha 
Published: July 2022

Zirconia's fracture strength is well known, so that this work was aimed at evaluating PEEK's fracture strength and comparing it with Zirconia. The primary objective of this study was to compare the fracture strength in computer-based design, production with computer assistance, 3-unit Zirconia anterior and PEEK frameworks. Prefabricated 3-unit anterior FPD dental models were produced and scanned in relation to 21,22 and 23 using a 3-shape, Trios intraoral scanner, metallic die-milling employing base metal alloy. The same oral Intra scanner has been utilised for metallic die scanning (3 shape, Trios). Five CAD/CAM Zirconia 3-unit frameworks were created and metallic die cement was employed for concrete purposes, including five PEEK 3-unit (B group), for bonding resin cement was used. The strength of the fracture was tested by a universal test equipment. The force was applied to the specimen with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min on the Pontic tooth 22 until the catastrophic collapse took place. The average strength fracture value for each FPD was recorded and analyzed statistically by unpaired student T-test.
Psychosocial competence among adolescents
Authors: Kaur Rajwinder , Kaur Gagandeep 
Published: July 2022

Psychosocial competence is considered as a combination of three dimensions of effective coping i.e. self-attitude, positive self-world attitude and realistic active coping style. In the present study psychosocial competence of 300 adolescents viz. type of family , working status of mother , number of siblings and locale was studied through the psychosocial competence scale developed by the researcher having three dimensions i.e. self-efficacy, interpersonal trust and active coping. The collected data was analysed by calculating t ratio and p value and the results indicates that working status of mother, type of family and locale effected the psychosocial competence of the adolescents whereas there exists no significant difference in the psychosocial competence of adolescents having siblings or no siblings.
Impact of PCO2 gap protocol application on early postoperative mortality and organ failure in high risk surgical patients undergoing major abdominal surgeries
Authors: Abdelrazek Hassan A. , Asida Salah M. , Gad Gad S. , Abdel-latif Ahmed F. 
Published: July 2022

Background: high risk surgical patients undergoing major abdominal surgeries still have higher rate of mortality and organ failure rates in the early postoperative period. Objective: We aimed to assess PCO2 gap protocol application in the intraoperative and early post-operative (first 12 hours) on postoperative mortality and organ failure in high risk surgical patients undergoing major abdominal surgeries compared to a classical goal directed therapy protocol (GDT) targeting mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2), central venous pressure (CVP), Haematocrite value (Hct) and urine output (UOP). Patients and Methods: Guided by Shoemacker et al score 80 high risk surgical patients undergoing major abdominal surgeries were divided into two groups group A PCO2 gap algorithm was applied intraoperative and 12 h postoperative end point PCO2 gap 2-6mm Hg ,group B goal directed therapy protocol targeting MAP > 65mmHg, CVP between 8-12cmH2O , Haematocrite value more than 30, Svo2 >75% and urine output more than >0.5 ml/kg/hr an applied intraoperative and 12 postoperative end point . Postoperative organs dysfuctions were assessed using the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score recorded daily ICU discharge then every three days till discharge home.
A+ and AB+ blood groups are risk factors for coronary artery disease in Iranian men and women respectively
Authors: Givtaj Nozar , Peighambari Mohammad Mehdi , Mozaffari Kambiz 
Published: July 2022

The ABO blood group antigens, which represents genetic markers, are correlated with a number of diseases. However, the relationship between the ABO blood group system and coronary artery disease (CAD) is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between ABO blood group system and CAD and its major risk factors. One thousand patients who underwent coronary angiography, were included. The study population comprised 590 males at a mean age of 56 ± 12 years and 410 females at a mean age of 59 ±13 years. There was no difference in the distribution of the ABO blood groups between the study subjects and the general population (healthy blood donors).Excluding gender, there was no association between the ABO blood groups and CAD while, there was a significant correlation between CAD and the AB+ blood group in the women (P=0.001) and the A+ blood group in the men (p=0.015).There was also a significant association between the absence of the Rhesus antigen (Rh-) and normal coronary arteries (p=0.008) . Apropos the risk factors, the prevalence of the current risk factors of CAD was similar among the subjects with different ABO blood groups.
prevalence and causes behind self-medication with antibiotics in Basrah
Authors: Mohammed Hasan Kareem , Maatook Majid Abdulwahab , Mahmoud Rajaa Ahmed 
Published: July 2022

Despite the global crisis of antibiotic resistance, the problem is aggravated in developing nations and regions where antibiotics can be given or obtained without a prescription. In Iraq, the prevalence and motivations for self-medication using antibiotics have not been well investigated from a community perspective. The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence and causes of antibiotic self-medication in the community of Basrah, Iraq. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional household survey done between November 2021 and March 2022 using a structured questionnaire with a total sample of 470 participants. Result: Antibiotics were found to be utilized without a prescription by 74% of the respondents. “Disease regarded not serious for consultation” was found to be the most common reason for obtaining antibiotics without a prescription (35.1 % of the respondents) followed by “financial restrictions”: (30%) and “previous experience in the use of these antibiotics”: (25.0%). Conclusion: Given the significant prevalence of antibiotic self-medication, health authorities must take strong steps to enforce the rule prohibiting selling antibiotics without a prescription.
influence of prenatal class towards the maternal role attainment in pregnant women ac-cording to the theory of becoming a mother
Authors: Fuadah Dina Zakiyyatul , Pipana Ana Yolindra 
Published: July 2022

The Prenatal Class activity gives impact in the maternal role attainment in relation to the increase of knowledge, nutrition and health status, readiness in self-concept, as well as identity and perception during the pregnancy. In primigravida women the maternal role attainment is very optimal, it is because in this period women are more open and have high curiosity. The Prenatal Class activity provides the result of pregnant mother’s attainment in the category of good readiness. It indicates that Prenatal Class influences in the maternal role attainment started since the early pregnancy or in the Anticipatory phase.
Belief in Character Studies
Authors: Curry Devin Sanchez 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In Go Set a Watchman, Harper Lee reveals that American man of integrity Atticus Finch harbors deep-seated racist beliefs. Bob Ewell, Finch's nemesis in To Kill a Mockingbird, harbors the same beliefs. But the two men live out their shared racist beliefs in dramatically different fashions. This article argues that extant dispositionalist accounts of belief lack the tools to accommodate Finch and Ewell's divergent styles of believing. It then draws on literary and philosophical character studies to construct the required tools.
Rate and Factors Associated with Dentine Hypersensitivity Among Pakistani Patients: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Nausheen Neelofar , Iqbal Mahirah , Ifham Khan Jadoon Muhammad , Nisar Pashmina , Humayun Ambereen , Khalid Aqsa , Khurrum Dua-E-Jamila 
Published: July 2022

As far as our knowledge is, on the pervasiveness of the sensitive teeth in the adults of Pakistani population, there is not much data published. The data is collected from dental clinical examination and some self-governed questionnaires. Objective: To find out how common Dentine Hypersensitivity is in Pakistani people and to search out the causative elements/factors Methods: At the Dental College in Peshawar, Out-Patient Department (OPD) examined 1605 people. The questionnaire was distributed among the patients suffering from dentine hypersensitivity. Dental history, demographics, DH symptoms data dietary habits as well as the factors linked to DH, were collected in order to acquire the following information. In total 732 questionnaires were completed. Oral examinations were used to assess DH in people who had DH in at least one tooth. The participants also used a ten-digit visual analog scale to rate the seriousness of DH. A quick, acute pain emanating from uncovered dentine in rejoinder to an explorer probe and triple syringe wind squall of the tooth surface confirmed the diagnosis of DH. Results: The self-reported prevalence of Dentine Hypersensitivity was 13%, while the clinically diagnosed percentage of DH was 8.2%. Females were evaluated in greater numbers than males. The highest percentage of DH was observed in the patients of age group 30-39 years. The first molars and mandibular central incisors were the teeth that were considerably damaged. The main reason for the dentine hypersensitivity observed was the cold (89.4%). Those with moderate sensitivity for more than six months relied on natural remedies such as brushing with a pain - reducing paste rather than visiting their dentist. However, out of the total just 41 (8.8%) participants stated that they had visited a dental office. Conclusions: According to the findings, DH is a usual and widespread dental ailment in Pakistan. Despite the fact that the illness seems to cause some discomfort, majority of the patients prefer to either disregard it or simply endure it. As a result, the ailment is unlikely to have a substantial impact on the patients complaining of both the problem’s quality of life and lifestyle.
Empirical Analysis of The Relationship Between Enterprise Digital Transformation and Enterprise Internal Control Quality
Authors: Chen Feier 
Published: July 2022

This paper takes a-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2009 to 2019 as research samples, adopts text recognition method of big data to measure the degree of enterprise digital transformation, and studies its impact on the quality of enterprise internal control. The empirical results show that digital transformation significantly improves the quality of internal control, and this conclusion is still valid after the robust test. From the analysis of intermediary model, it can be seen that digital transformation can improve the quality of internal control by reducing agency cost. Based on heterogeneity analysis, this paper finds that digital transformation plays a more positive role in the improvement of internal quality control in non-state-owned enterprises, non-high-tech enterprises and enterprises in the decline period. The research conclusion of this paper is helpful to improve the understanding of enterprises' internal control quality research in digital transformation, and provide reference for the improvement of internal quality control of different enterprises.
Translation Studies in Brahui literature
Authors: Bangulzai Abdul lateef 
Published: July 2022

Translators should have a broad understanding of the languages being used in translation​​ i.e. the language of the original text and the target language wherein the translation will be made. Thus, it is necessary that the translator should have sound knowledge and understanding of the language of the text and the translator's complete knowledge of his target language including educational, technical, practical, and linguistic skills at a mastery level. Similarly, the translator should be capable of making translation interesting and charming without losing the original essence. This article presents Maulvi Allah Bakhsh Zehri's the Handbook of Brahui Language in the 19th century with a Brahui translation of several Persian anecdotes followed by a translation from English into Brahui, titled "Brahui Reader". However, the art of translation in Brahui literature was first introduced by religious scholars and esteemed people with Arabic and Persian translations. For example. scholars of the Durkhani school of thought have been the source of many religious books, essays, commentaries, and valuable translations of the Holy Qur'an and Hadith in Brahui literature. This study discusses how the people benefited from the translations and commentaries of the Quran Majeed Furqan Hameed.
PARADIGMA ‘TEOLOGI FEMINIS’ YANG TIDAK RELEVAN DENGAN KETETAPAN TUHAN
Authors: Singal Youke L. 
Published: July 2022

The presence of feminist theology has shaken both the church and the general public. They assume that many men occupy positions and positions that are "more" than women, both in church, state and community organizations. Feminism was originally in the form of a "movement" turned into a "theological teaching" which interprets the contents of the Bible by strengthening and directing the existence of women, where this paradigm is different from the interpretation in general as a set of axioms. So this paper aims to highlight the feminist theological paradigm in terms of biblical provisions, by looking at and understanding empirically and biblical teachings. The writing method in this article is descriptive qualitative research with the field of contextual theology. The results of this study are first, women avoid the issues that raise that men are more powerful and or masters than women and women servants. Second, feminist theology will not be formed if women understand God's heart through the Word of God in the Bible. Third, the feminist movement has had a positive influence by opening the eyes of not only men but also women, that society needs this gender participation.

Hadirnya teologi feminis cukup menggoncangkan gereja dan masyarakat umum. Mereka beranggapan orang laki-laki banyak menempati posisi dan kedudukan yang “lebih” dari perempuan, baik dalam organisasi gereja, Negara, dan masyarakat. Feminis awalnya berbentuk “gerakan” berubah menjadi “ajaran teologi” dimana menafsir isi Alkitab dengan menguatkan dan mengarahkan pada eksistensi perempuan, dimana paradigma ini berbeda dengan penafsiran pada umumnya sebagai ketetapan aksioma. Maka tulisan ini bertujuan menyoroti paradigma teologi feminis dari segi ketetapan Alkitab, dengan melihat dan memahami secara empiris dan ajaran Alkitab. Metode penulisan pada artikel ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskripsi dengan bidang kajian teologi kontekstual. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pertama, perempuan menghindari dari isu-isu yang membesarkan bahwa laki-laki lebih berkuasa dan atau tuan dari perempuan dan perempuan hamba. Kedua, teologi feminis tidak akan terbentuk apabila perempuan memahami hati Tuhan melalui firman Tuhan Alkitab. Ketiga, gerakan feminis telah memberikan pengaruh positif dengan membuka mata tidak hanya laki-laki tetapi juga perempuan, bahwa masyarakat membutuhkan partisipasi gender ini.
Sabat Dan Bekerja: Suatu Perspektif Teologi Kerja
Authors: Pangumbahas Recky , Napitupulu Pieter Anggiat 
Published: July 2022

This article aims to find the meaning of the Sabbath in the working life of God's people and servants. How the correlation between routine and work pressure of working people has an impact on mental health, so that it has an impact on decreasing the quality and quantity of work. This turns out to be very much related to rest, which the Bible appears with the word Sabbath. The method used is literature review analysis. The results of this study are that everyone needs to observe the Sabbath as part of refreshing mental health, where the Sabbath is the direction for people to meet God and resign from their busyness and work.

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menemukan makna Sabat dalam kehidupan bekerja umat dan pelayan Tuhan. Bagaimana korelasi rutinitas dan tekanan kerja orang bekerja berdampak pada kesehatan mental , sehingga berdampak pada menurunnya kualitas dna kuantitas kerja. Hal ini ini ternyata sangat terkait dengan istirahat, yang dimana di Alkitab dimunculkan dengan kata Sabat. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis literature review. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa setiap orang perlu melakukan Sabat sebagai bagian dari menyegarkan kesehatan mental, dimana Sabat menjadi arah umat untuk berjumpa kepada Tuhan dan mengundurkan diri dari kesibukan da pekerjaannya.