bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and determinants of postpartum family planning uptake among postpartum women in Western Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Tilahun Temesgen , Bekuma Tariku Tesfaye , Getachew Motuma , Oljira Rut , Seme Assefa 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite Ethiopia’s efforts to avail postpartum family planning (PPFP) services, the unmet need for family planning among postpartum women remains high. Therefore, this study is aimed to assess barriers and determinants of postpartum family-planning uptake among women visiting Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health (MNCH) services in public health facilities of western Ethiopia.

Methods
A facility-based cross-sectional study design with a quantitative method was conducted on 989 postpartum women in Western Ethiopia from September 1 to October 30, 2020. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using pretested structured questionnaires, entered using EPI-INFO version 7.0, and analyzed by SPSS version 25. Descriptive analysis and logistic regressions were performed. The adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used and statistical significance was declared at P-value < 0.05.

Result
In this study, 56.1% of participants had used PPFP in the last year. The most commonly used method was injectable (51.7%). Family planning use before the index pregnancy (AOR = 2.09;95%CI:1.29,3,41),counselling on PPFP during antenatal care and delivery (AOR = 4.89;95%CI:2.31,10.37),health facility delivery (AOR = 7.61;95%CI:4.36,13.28), skilled birth attendance (AOR = 4.99;95%CI:2.88,8.64),COVID-19 restrictions (AOR = 0.59;95%CI:0.39,0.90) were factors associated with PPFP utilization. Being breastfeeding and amenorrhea were major reasons for not using postpartum family planning.

Conclusion
Post-partum family planning utilization among study participants was low. Given the associated factors, it is recommended that health facilities should make postpartum family planning one of their top priorities and focus on these factors to improve its utilization.
Home practice in mindfulness-based interventions for psychosis groups: a systematic review and qualitative study
Authors: Jacobsen Pamela , Choksi Twinkle , Sawyer Katherine , Maximen Cassia , Harding Emma , Richardson Matthew 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Regular home practice is considered a core component of mindfulness groups and may be associated with better treatment outcomes. This study aimed to (1) review the existing evidence on how much home practice people do in mindfulness-based interventions for psychosis groups, and (2) explore participants’ experiences of the barriers and facilitators to completing home practice in a mindfulness for psychosis group using a qualitative study.

Methods
In study 1, we conducted a systematic review of mindfulness-based interventions for psychosis studies and extracted data on home practice rates. In study 2, we conducted semi-structured interviews with people who had completed a mindfulness for psychosis group (N = 5) as part of their routine community care, specifically focusing on experiences of home practice.

Results
Out of 43 studies included in the systematic review, only 5 reported any data on amount of home practice, and none examined the relationship between completion of home practice and treatment outcomes. In the qualitative study, participants described home practice as being difficult but important. Arising themes were similar to findings from previous (non-psychosis) studies suggesting that generic challenges are common, rather than being specific to psychosis.

Conclusions
We recommend that future mindfulness-based interventions for psychosis studies record data on home practice rates, in order to investigate any association between home practice and treatment outcome. Our qualitative findings suggest home practice can be a valued part of mindfulness for psychosis group, and a normalising approach could be taken when and if participants encounter common challenges.
Hospital revisits after paediatric tonsillectomy: A cohort study
Authors: Tran Aimy H. L. , Chin Ken L. , Horne Rosemary S. C. , Liew Danny , Rimmer Joanne , Nixon Gillian M. 
Published: January 2022

Background Tonsillectomy, with or without adenoidectomy, is the leading reason for paediatric unplanned hospital readmission, some of which are potentially avoidable. Reducing unplanned hospital revisits would improve patient safety and decrease use of healthcare resources. This study aimed to describe the incidence, timing and risk factors for any surgery-related hospital revisits (both emergency presentation and readmission) following paediatric tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy in a large state-wide cohort. Methods We conducted a population-based cohort study using linked administrative datasets capturing all paediatric tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy surgeries performed between 2010 and 2015 in the state of Victoria, Australia. The primary outcome was presentation to the emergency department or hospital readmission within 30-day post-surgery. Results Between 2010 and 2015, 46,583 patients underwent 47,054 surgeries. There was a total of 4758 emergency department presentations (10.11% total surgeries) and 2750 readmissions (5.84% total surgeries). Haemorrhage was the most common reason for both revisit types, associated with 33.02% of ED presentations (3.34% total surgeries) and 67.93% of readmissions (3.97% total surgeries). Day 5 post-surgery was the median revisit time for both ED presentations (IQR 3–7) and readmission (IQR 3–8). Predictors of revisit included older age, public and metropolitan hospitals and peri-operative complications during surgery. Conclusions Haemorrhage was the most common reason for both emergency department presentation and hospital readmission. The higher risk of revisits associated with older children, surgeries performed in public and metropolitan hospitals, and in patients experiencing peri-operative complications, suggest the need for improved education of postoperative care for caregivers, and avoidance of inappropriate early discharge. Graphical Abstract
Effect of pyrene-induced changes in root activity on growth of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.), and the health risks caused by pyrene in Chinese cabbage at different growth stages
Authors: Yang Xiaosong , Hu Zhengyi , Liu Yuexian , Xie Xiaofan , Huang Lijuan , Zhang Ruili , Dong Biya 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose a potential risk to ecological safety and human health. They have a range of effects on plant growth and there have been few reports on the health risks associated with ingestion of vegetable crops at different growth stages.

Methodology
In this study, a pot experiment in which Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) were grown in a greenhouse for 75 days was used to investigate the dose–effect relationship of pyrene with plant growth and also the exposure risk for adults of ingestion of Chinese cabbage at different growth stages.

Results
The results showed that low doses of pyrene (5–45 mg kg−1) promoted plant growth (20–220% and 55–97% higher than control treatment for the root biomass and shoot biomass, respectively), but significant inhibition was observed at a high dose (405 mg kg−1) (41–66% and 43–91% lower than control treatment for the root biomass and shoot biomass, respectively). High doses of pyrene reduced soil bacterial abundance and diversity during the growth of Chinese cabbage, and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the plant. The effects of pyrene on plant biomass were mainly attributed to changes in root activity induced by pyrene, as the relationship between soil pyrene concentration and biomass was similar to that between soil pyrene concentration and root activity. Furthermore, structural equation modeling analysis showed that pyrene altered growth of the vegetable by directly affecting root activity. The incremental lifetime cancer risk for adults is highest for ingestion of Chinese cabbage at the seedling stage, followed in decreasing order by the rosette stages and heading stages.

Conclusions
The health risk of consumers who have the possibility to ingest the Chinese cabbage planted in pyrene-contaminated soil would be decreased with the increasing growth periods. However, further studies are required to confirm the dose–effect relationship between pyrene concentration and Chinese cabbage growth on a field scale.

Graphical Abstract
Spatio-temporal distribution of shallow very-low-frequency earthquakes between December 2020 and January 2021 in Kumano-nada, Nankai subduction zone, detected by a permanent seafloor seismic network
Authors: Yamamoto Yojiro , Ariyoshi Keisuke , Yada Shuichiro , Nakano Masaru , Hori Takane 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe estimate the hypocenter locations and the centroid moment tensor solutions of the shallow very-low-frequency earthquake (sVLFE) activity that occurred in the Kumano-nada region of the Nankai Trough megathrust zone in central Japan from December 2020 to January 2021. Using seafloor observation data, we examined the detailed spatio-temporal distribution of the sVLFE activity. During this episode, the activity area was within the vicinity in which the sVLFE activity has been observed in the past and can be divided into two major parts. The sVLFE activity started from the eastern side and remained there for the first 5 days and then migrated to the western side via secondary expansion. The eastern active area is located just below the outer ridge and coincides with the location where the paleo-Zenith Ridge subducted. The western activity area is centered between the outer wedge and the outer ridge with the primary active area being at the outer wedge. Comparing the activity in the eastern and western areas, the eastern side is more active, but the individual moment releases on this side are smaller than those on the western side. This may indicate a difference in the fluid pressure along the plate boundary between the eastern and western areas. After the second expansion of the active area, we observed several migration patterns within the expanded area with a faster velocity than those of the initial and second expansions. The direction of these migrations is opposite to that of the first and second expansions. This indicates that the fluid pressure and/or stress level in the sVLFE generation region changed with time within this episode. Furthermore, many waveforms with sVLFE characteristics were observed at only one or a few observation points near the trough axis in the middle to latter half of January 2021. This indicates the occurrence of small-scale sVLFEs in the vicinity of the trough axis at the end of this sVLFE episode.
Graphical Abstract
Compressed Lateral and anteroposterior Anatomical Systematic Sequences «CLASS»: compressed MRI sequences with assessed anatomical femoral and tibial ACL's footprints, a feasibility study
Authors: Thürig Grégoire , Panadero-Morales Raùl , Giovannelli Luca , Kocher Franziska , Peris José Luis , Tannast Moritz , Petek Daniel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study's main objective is to assess the feasibility of processing the MRI information with identified ACL-footprints into 2D-images similar to a conventional anteroposterior and lateral X-Ray image of the knee. The secondary aim is to conduct specific measurements to assess the reliability and reproducibility. This study is a proof of concept of this technique.MethodsFive anonymised MRIs of a right knee were analysed. A orthopaedic knee surgeon performed the footprints identification. An ad-hoc software allowed a volumetric 3D image projection on a 2D anteroposterior and lateral view. The previously defined anatomical femoral and tibial footprints were precisely identified on these views. Several parameters were measured (e.g. coronal and sagittal ratio of tibial footprint, sagittal ratio of femoral footprint, femoral intercondylar notch roof angle, proximal tibial slope and others). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICCs), including 95% confidence intervals (CIs), has been calculated to assess intraobserver reproducibility and interobserver reliability.ResultsFive MRI scans of a right knee have been assessed (three females, two males, mean age of 30.8 years old). Five 2D-"CLASS" have been created. The measured parameters showed a "substantial"to "almost perfect"reproducibility and an "almost perfect"reliability.ConclusionThis study confirmed the possibility of generating "CLASS" with the localised centroid of the femoral and tibial ACL footprints from a 3D volumetric model. "CLASS" also showed that these footprints were easily identified on standard anteroposterior and lateral X-Ray views of the same patient, thus allowing an individual identification of the anatomical femoral and tibial ACL's footprints.Level of evidenceLevel IV diagnostic study
PET/MR fusion texture analysis for the clinical outcome prediction in soft-tissue sarcoma
Authors: Zhao Wenzhe , Huang Xin , Wang Geliang , Guo Jianxin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundVarious fusion strategies (feature-level fusion, matrix-level fusion, and image-level fusion) were used to fuse PET and MR images, which might lead to different feature values and classification performance. The purpose of this study was to measure the classification capability of features extracted using various PET/MR fusion methods in a dataset of soft-tissue sarcoma (STS).MethodsThe retrospective dataset included 51 patients with histologically proven STS. All patients had pre-treatment PET and MR images. The image-level fusion was conducted using discrete wavelet transformation (DWT). During the DWT process, the MR weight was set as 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, …, 0.9. And the corresponding PET weight was set as 1- (MR weight). The fused PET/MR images was generated using the inverse DWT. The matrix-level fusion was conducted by fusing the feature calculation matrix during the feature extracting process. The feature-level fusion was conducted by concatenating and averaging the features. We measured the predictive performance of features using univariate analysis and multivariable analysis. The univariate analysis included the Mann-Whitney U test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The multivariable analysis was used to develop the signatures by jointing the maximum relevance minimum redundancy method and multivariable logistic regression. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) value was calculated to evaluate the classification performance.ResultsBy using the univariate analysis, the features extracted using image-level fusion method showed the optimal classification performance. For the multivariable analysis, the signatures developed using the image-level fusion-based features showed the best performance. For the T1/PET image-level fusion, the signature developed using the MR weight of 0.1 showed the optimal performance (0.9524(95% confidence interval (CI), 0.8413–0.9999)). For the T2/PET image-level fusion, the signature developed using the MR weight of 0.3 showed the optimal performance (0.9048(95%CI, 0.7356–0.9999)).ConclusionsFor the fusion of PET/MR images in patients with STS, the signatures developed using the image-level fusion-based features showed the optimal classification performance than the signatures developed using the feature-level fusion and matrix-level fusion-based features, as well as the single modality features. The image-level fusion method was more recommended to fuse PET/MR images in future radiomics studies.
Association of rheumatoid arthritis and its severity with human leukocytic antigen-DRB1 alleles in Kurdish region in North of Iraq
Authors: Albarzinji Niaz , Ismael Sherzad Ali , Albustany Dashty 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Rheumatoid arthritis is a complex multifactorial chronic disease, the importance of human leukocytic antigen (HLA) as a major genetic risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis was studied worldwide. The objective of this study is to identify the association of HLA-DRB1 subtypes with rheumatoid arthritis and its severity in Kurdish region.

Methods
A case–control study recruited 65 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 100 healthy individuals as control group all over the Kurdistan region/Iraq. Both patient and control groups are genotyped using polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primer. Anti-CCP antibodies were measured by ELISA test. Rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, and disease activity score 28 which measured by DAS-28 values were calculated. The DAS-28 was used to assess the clinical severity of the patients.

Results
HLA-DRB1-0404 and HLA-DRB1-0405 frequencies showed a strong association with disease susceptibility (P < 0.001). The frequency of HLA-DRB1-0411 and HLA-DRB1-0413 were significantly higher in control group (P < 0.001). The frequency of rheumatoid factor and Anti-CCP were significantly higher among shared epitope-positive patients compared to shared epitope-negative patients (P < 0.001). Regarding the disease activity by DAS-28, rheumatoid arthritis patients didn’t show significant difference between the shared epitope-positive and shared epitope-negative patients.

Conclusions
HLA-DR0404 and HLA-DR0405 alleles are related to RA, while HLA-DR1-0411 and HLA-DRB1-0413 protect against RA in the Kurdistan region in the North of Iraq.
The effects of COVID-19 vaccines on economic activity
Authors: Deb Pragyan , Furceri Davide , Jimenez Daniel , Kothari Siddharth , Ostry Jonathan D. , Tawk Nour 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper empirically examines the economic effects of COVID-19 vaccine rollouts using a cross-country daily database of vaccinations and high-frequency indicators of economic activity—nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, and Google mobility indices—for a sample of 46 countries over the period December 16, 2020 to June 20, 2021. Using surprises in vaccines administered, we find that an unexpected increase in vaccination per capita is associated with a significant increase in economic activity. We also find evidence for nonlinear effects of vaccines, with the marginal economic benefits being larger when vaccination rates are higher. Country-specific conditions play an important role, with lower economic gains if strict containment measures are in place or if the country is experiencing a severe outbreak. Finally, the results provide evidence of spillovers across borders, highlighting the importance of equitable access to vaccines across nations.
Hole probability for noninteracting fermions in a d-dimensional trap
Authors: Gouraud G. , Le Doussal P. , Schehr G. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The hole probability, i.e., the probability that a region is void of particles, is a benchmark of correlations in many-body systems. We compute analytically this probability P(R) for a sphere of radius R in the case of N noninteracting fermions in their ground state in a d-dimensional trapping potential. Using a connection to the Laguerre-Wishart ensembles of random matrices, we show that, for large N and in the bulk of the Fermi gas, P(R) is described by a universal scaling function of k

F
R, for which we obtain an exact formula (k

F
being the local Fermi wave vector). It exhibits a super-exponential tail

where

is a universal amplitude, in good agreement with existing numerical simulations. When R is of the order of the radius of the Fermi gas, the hole probability is described by a large deviation form which is not universal and which we compute exactly for the harmonic potential. Similar results also hold in momentum space.
Effect of Daily Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Muscle Health: An Individual Participant Meta-analysis
Authors: Bislev Lise Sofie , Wamberg Louise , Rolighed Lars , Grove-Laugesen Diana , Rejnmark Lars 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe role of vitamin D on muscle health is debated.MethodsAn individual participant metanalysis of 4 randomized placebo-controlled trials, investigating short-term (3-9months) effects of vitamin D3 in moderate (2800 IU) to high (7000 IU) daily oral doses on muscle health and quality of life (QoL). Inclusion criteria were either obesity (n = 52), newly diagnosed primary hyperparathyroidism (n = 41), Graves’ disease (n = 86), or secondary hyperparathyroidism (n = 81).ResultsOverall (n = 260) as well as in a subgroup analysis including only vitamin D insufficient [25(OH)D &lt; 50 nmol/L] individuals (n = 176), vitamin D supplementation did not affect measures of muscle health (isometric muscle strength, Timed Up and Go test, chair rising test, body composition, and balance) or QoL. However, a beneficial effect was present on QoL (physical component score) in vitamin D deficient [25(OH)D &lt; 25 nmol/L] individuals (n = 34). Overall, relative changes in 25(OH)D inversely affected maximum muscle strength in a dose-response manner. Stratified into body mass index &lt;/&gt; 30 kg/m2, vitamin D supplementation had divergent effects on isometric muscle strength, with beneficial effects in obese individuals (n = 93) at knee flexion 90° (P = 0.04), and adverse effects in nonobese individuals (n = 167) at handgrip (P = 0.02), knee extension 60° (P = 0.03) and knee flexion 60° (P &lt; 0.01).ConclusionOverall, short-term treatment with moderate to high daily doses of vitamin D did not affect muscle health or QoL. A potential beneficial effect was present on muscle strength in severely obese individuals and on QoL in vitamin D deficient individuals. Subgroup analyses, however, suggested negative effects of large relative increases in p-25(OH)D.
The Role of Morning Plasma Cortisol in Obesity: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Qi Xiaohui , Cui Bin , Cao Min 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Context
Cortisol, an important hormone regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, is associated with obesity. However, it is unclear whether the relationship between cortisol and obesity is causal or could be explained by reverse causality.

Objective
This work aims to assess the role of morning plasma cortisol in clinical classes of obesity.

Methods
In this bidirectional, 2-sample mendelian randomization (MR) study, cortisol-associated genetic variants were obtained from the CORtisol NETwork consortium (n = 12 597). The primary outcomes were obesity class I (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30), class II (BMI ≥ 35), and class III (BMI ≥ 40). The inverse variance weighting method was used as the main analysis, with weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) as sensitivity analyses. Conversely, genetic variants predicting clinical classes of obesity were applied to the cortisol genome-wide association study.

Results
Genetically predicted cortisol was associated with reduced risk of obesity class I (OR = 0.905; 95% CI, 0.865-0.946; P &lt; .001). Evidence from bidirectional MR showed that obesity class II and class III were associated with lower cortisol levels ([class II-cortisol OR = 0.953; 95% CI, 0.923-0.983; P = .002]; [class III-cortisol OR = 0.955; 95% CI, 0.942-0.967; P &lt; .001]), indicating reverse causality between cortisol and obesity.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that cortisol is negatively associated with obesity and vice versa. Together, these findings suggest that blunted morning plasma cortisol secretion may be responsible for severe obesity. Regulating morning plasma cortisol secretion might be a prevention measure for obese people.