bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The superhydrophobic coating with low‐temperature dew point corrosion resistance on an acid‐resistant steel substrate prepared by the electrodeposition method
Authors: Shi Biao , Shen Xixun , Liang Gaofei , Zhu Yanshaozuo , Xu Qunjie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe acid‐resistant steel represented by 09CrCuSb (ND) steel that is widely used in flue gas treatment systems is easily prone to mixed‐acid dew point corrosion in the low‐temperature flue gas environment. To improve the corrosion resistance of ND steel in a low‐temperature dew point corrosion environment, here, a chromium–myristate hybrid (CMH) superhydrophobic coating is proposed as a low‐temperature dew point corrosion protective coating for the ND steel substrate. This superhydrophobic coating is deposited on the ND steel substrate (preplated dark nickel as a transition layer) by one‐step direct current electrodeposition. The electrochemical analysis from potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the immersion test show that the CMH superhydrophobic coating can significantly improve the corrosion resistance of the ND substrate. Therefore, the present study provides a feasible strategy for preventing the mixed‐acid dew point corrosion of ND steel in the low‐temperature zone.
EMAR monitoring system applied to the thickness reduction of carbon steel in a corrosive environment
Authors: Diguet Gildas , Miyauchi Hina , Takeda Sho , Uchimoto Tetsuya , Mary Nicolas , Takagi Toshiyuki , Abe Hiroshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNondestructive techniques are one viable solution to monitor structure health in material science. Among available solutions, the electromagnetic acoustic transducer is a contactless method allowing access to the thickness of a material. This study aims to apply and validate its measurement accuracy on a carbon steel plate submitted to corrosion in an acid solution. Steel thickness reduction is estimated from either electrochemical or electromagnetic acoustic resonance (EMAR) tests along the immersion period. These values are then compared to ex situ profilometry measurements. On the one hand, the results show the underestimation of the material loss from the electrochemical measurements because of the reactivity modification induced by the precipitation of an oxide layer. On the other hand, EMAR and profilometry measurements are in good agreement indicating that EMAR provides reliable information on material thickness reduction.
The effect of temperature and UV irradiation on corrosion behavior of 304 stainless steel exposed to a simulated marine atmosphere
Authors: Guo Mingxiao , Tang Junrong , Pan Chen , Wang Zhenyao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe effect of temperature and UV irradiation on the corrosion behavior of 304 stainless steel exposed to a simulated marine atmosphere was studied. The corroded samples were analyzed in detail through potentiodynamic polarization, in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Mott–Schottky measurements, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the corrosion rate of 304 SS was significantly inhibited by UV irradiation, and the inhibition effect increased at a higher temperature. The UV irradiation not only changed the corrosion products morphologies formed on the 304 SS surface but also the relative content of the corrosion products was changed. In particular, UV irradiation can promote the formation of Cr2O3 in corrosion products, especially at a higher temperature, thus improving the corrosion resistance of 304 SS.
Factors Affecting Spatiotemporal Variation in Survival of Endangered Winter-Run Chinook Salmon Out-migrating from the Sacramento River
Authors: Hassrick Jason L. , Ammann Arnold J. , Perry Russell W. , John Sara N. , Daniels Miles E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Among four extant and declining runs of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in California’s Central Valley, none has declined as precipitously as the Sacramento River winter run. Migratory winter-run Chinook Salmon employ a life history strategy to reside and feed in stopover habitats on their way from freshwaters to the ocean. Migratory winter run, on their way from freshwaters to the ocean, employ a life history strategy to reside and feed in stopover habitats that have been affected by anthropogenic disturbance. Using acoustic telemetry, we examined conditions that influenced reach-specific movement and survival of out-migrating juveniles during a prolonged, multi-year drought from 2013 to 2016, followed by one of the wettest years on record (2017). We modeled how time-varying individual riverine covariates and reach-specific habitat features influenced smolt survival. Model selection favored a model with mean annual flow, intra-annual deviations from the mean flow at the reach scale, reach-specific channel characteristics, and travel time. Mean annual flow had the strongest positive effect on survival. A negative interaction between mean annual flow and intra-annual reach flow indicated that within-year deviations at the reach scale from annual mean flow had larger effects on survival in low-flow years. These factors resulted in higher survival during years with pulse flows or high flows. Changes in movement behavior in response to small-scale changes in velocity were negatively associated with survival. Covariates of revetment and wooded bank habitat were positively associated with survival, but the effect of these fixed habitat features changed depending on whether they were situated in the upper or lower part of the river. Fish exhibited density-dependent stopover behavior, with slowed downstream migration in the upper river in the wet years and extending to the lower river in the most critically dry year. This paper contributes two key findings for natural resource managers interested in flow management and targeted habitat restoration. The first is new insight into how the magnitude of pulse flows in dry and wet years affects survival of winter-run fish. The second is that density dependence influences where stopover habitat is used. Despite this, we identified an area of the river where fish consistently exhibited stopover behavior in all years.
Shear strain dependent amplification function of earth dam‐flexible canyon system by the hybrid FEM‐SBFEM technique
Authors: Yaseri Alireza , Konrad Jean‐Marie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe finite element method (FEM) is a powerful tool for the nonlinear modeling of dynamic problems. In the present work, the equivalent linear method (EQL) has been implemented into the FEM. For stratifying the radiation damping condition and rigorously modeling canyon as an elastic unbounded domain, the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) was utilized. The FEM‐SBFEM technique, wherein FEM is coupled with SBFEM, has been extended to take into consideration the effect of earth dam material nonlinear behavior. It was observed that the nonlinear behavior greatly affects the natural frequency, the amplification function (AF), and peak crest acceleration of the earth dam located in canyons. The effects of canyon geometry and flexibility on the nonlinear behavior were examined, and it was seen that by increasing the flexibility of the canyon, the effect of nonlinearity was decreased. The El Infiernillo dam was modeled by 3D proposed technique, and a comparison of the crest AF obtained by the proposed method with the recorded data shows the accuracy of the methodology.
Learning under stress: The moderating role of future time perspective
Authors: Andre Lucija , Koene Saar , Jansen in de Wal Joost , Schuitema Jaap A. , Peetsma Thea T. D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe investigated the relationship between students' perceived stress and investment in learning and tested the role of future time perspective (FTP) as a moderator. We expected that FTP would serve as a protective factor in the association between students' perceived stress and investment in learning. Perceived stress was gauged by assessing students' mathematics anxiety related to class, learning, and tests, and investment in learning was gauged by measuring investment in learning with respect to mathematics. To measure FTP, we focused on the FTP in school and professional career. A total of N = 349 secondary school students from the Netherlands participated in this study. Results revealed negative associations between students' investment in learning and their anxiety in class, during learning, and while taking tests. The moderating effects of FTP were also found to be significant. Contrary to our expectations, higher levels of FTP were associated with a stronger negative relationship between anxiety and investment in learning. Moreover, we found negative associations between FTP and class anxiety and learning anxiety and a positive association between FTP and investment in learning. Overall, our results may suggest that FTP motivates students to learn, but students' anxiety weakens the motivating effect of FTP.
An adaptive design for early clinical development including interim decision for single‐arm trial with external controls or randomized trial
Authors: Götte Heiko , Kirchner Marietta , Krisam Johannes , Allignol Arthur , Lamy Francois‐Xavier , Schüler Armin , Kieser Meinhard 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn early clinical development, randomized controlled trials (RCT) or single‐arm trials with external controls (SATwEC) are design options, which allow adjustment for confounding: RCT via design, SATwEC via analysis using propensity score methods. SATwEC requires less investment than RCT. However, if the confounder space substantially differs between the experimental and external control group, the SATwEC might lead to inappropriate decisions for further development. We develop an adaptive two‐stage design (ATD) for early clinical development that reduces the risk of unreliable decision‐making at the end of a SATwEC. In Stage I, subjects are solely assigned to the experimental group. If at the interim the propensity score distributions of internal and external data are comparable based on the preference score, the subjects in stage II will again be solely assigned to the experimental arm; if not, a randomized stage II will be conducted. In a simulation study guided by a motivating example, data is generated using a time‐to‐event model with observable and unobservable confounders. The confounder space is varied to investigate the impact on false go/stop probabilities as well as a loss function, which reflects the quality of treatment effect estimates and decision‐making. The proposed ATD provides a compromise between optimizing quality (as expressed by false go/stop probabilities and the loss function) and investment (defined by sample size and trial duration).
Robust nonlinear model predictive control based on nominal predictions with piecewise constant references and bounded disturbances
Authors: Cunha Victor M. , Santos Tito L. M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article presents a robust nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) strategy for constrained systems with piecewise constant references and bounded disturbances based on nominal predictions. An artificial target is employed to avoid feasibility loss due to target change and to provide a potentially enlarged domain of attraction. Recursive feasibility and input‐to‐state stability are ensured. Recursive feasibility is guaranteed due to the tighter constraints that are recursively computed offline based on the disturbance reachable sets. The zonotopic approach from the mean‐value theorem extension is applied to compute these tighter constraints. In the presence of stochastic disturbances with known distribution, individual chance constraints can be considered in the proposed NMPC algorithm. Furthermore, simplified stabilizing ingredients are proposed in order that the robust assumptions hold based on standard algorithms. Case studies based on the continuous stirred tank reactor and buck‐boost control benchmarks are presented to illustrate the main properties of the proposed approach.
Composite adaptive backstepping controller for variable speed rotating scan optical spacecraft
Authors: Zhao Xian , Geng Yunhai , Yi Tao , Wu Baolin , Liu Weixing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, a rotating speed varying scanning strategy for multibody rotating scan optical spacecraft connected with active magnetic bearing (AMB) is introduced. This strategy can increase the imaging efficiency of the high‐resolution observation mission by speeding up the rotation in the nonimaging phase. Then, to address the lack of time delay margin problem brought by variable rotational speed, a composite adaptive backstepping controller (CABC) which composed of two controllers is derived via the Lyapunov theory to guarantee the stability of the closed‐loop system. In the system, two control methods switch for different phases. When the optical payload is working, the rotational speed of optical payload is decreased to achieve the high pointing precision. The high precision adaptive backstepping controller (HPABC) is used in this phase. When the optical payload stops working, the rotational speed is high and the high rotating speed adaptive backstepping controller (HRSABC) is designed to guarantee the stability of the system. Then, to give the time delay margin of two controllers and prove that the time delay margin of HRSABC is higher than the HPABC, the reference value, which represents the system stabilization and time delay margin and angular velocity margin, is derived using the discretization and linearization method. Finally, a series of numerical simulations have been performed and the simulation results indicated the new control method can effectively address the control problem brought by rotating speed varying.
Toward Highly Stable Anode for Secondary Batteries: Employing TiO2 Shell as Elastic Buffering Marix for FeOx Nanoparticles
Authors: Luo Rui , Hu Xin , Zhang Nanxiang , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTransition metal oxides are considered promising anode materials for next‐generation lithium‐ion and sodium‐ion batteries (LIBs and SIBs) because of their high theoretical capacities; however, their practical application is limited by the detrimental large volume expansion that occurs upon cycling. In this work, a rationally designed TiO2@Fe@FeOx nanocomposite encapsulated by a TiO2 shell with unique core–shell structure is synthesized and exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance as an anode in LIBs and SIBs. The nanocomposite exhibits a reversible capacity of 619.2 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 with a coulombic efficiency over 99.5% after 1000 cycles when used as a LIB anode. The nanocomposite also exhibits superior sodium storage performance (267 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1, capacity retention of 65.4% after 1000 cycles at 200 mA g−1). The TiO2 shell serves as a strong conformal layer and soft matrix that can tolerate the volume expansion and maintain the structural integrity of the anode during discharging and charging. Moreover, the open active diffusion channels of the shell contribute to high ion diffusivity and improved ionic, and electronic diffusion. These findings indicate that adoption of TiO2 coating is an effective strategy to optimize the electrochemical performance of transition metal oxide anode materials.
Single‐Crystal LiNixMnyCo1−x−yO2 Cathodes for Extreme Fast Charging
Authors: Lu Yanying , Zhu Tianyu , McShane Eric , McCloskey Bryan D. , Chen Guoying 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNi‐rich layered LiNixMnyCo1−x−yO2 (NMCs, x ≥ 0.8) are poised to be the dominating cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries for the foreseeable future. Conventional polycrystalline NMCs, however, suffer from severe cracking along the grain boundaries of primary particles and capacity loss under high charge and/or discharge rates, hindering their implementation in fast‐charging electric vehicular (EV) batteries. Single‐crystal (SC) NMCs are attractive alternatives as they eliminate intergranular cracking and allow for grain‐level surface optimization for fast Li transport. In the present study, the authors report synthetic approaches to produce SC LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NMC811) samples with different morphologies: Oct‐SC811 with predominating (012)‐family surface and Poly‐SC811 with predominating (104)‐family surface. Poly‐SC811, representing the first experimentally synthesized NMC811 single crystals with (104) surface, delivers superior performance even at the ultra‐high rate of 6 C. Through detailed X‐ray analysis and electron microscopy characterization, it is shown that the enhanced performance originates from better chemical and structural stabilities, faster Li+ diffusion kinetics, suppressed side reactions with electrolyte, and excellent cracking resistance. These insights provide important design guidelines in the future development of fast‐charging NMC‐type cathode materials.
Visible Light Driven Ultrasensitive and Selective NO2 Detection in Tin Oxide Nanoparticles with Sulfur Doping Assisted by l‐Cysteine
Authors: Eom Tae Hoon , Cho Sung Hwan , Suh Jun Min , Kim Taehoon , Yang Jin Wook , Lee Tae Hyung , Jun Sang Eon , Kim Seung Ju , Lee Jongwon , Hong Seong‐Hyeon , Jang Ho Won 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the pandemic era, the development of high‐performance indoor air quality monitoring sensors has become more critical than ever. NO2 is one of the most toxic gases in daily life, which induces severe respiratory diseases. Thus, the real‐time monitoring of low concentrations of NO2 is highly required. Herein, a visible light‐driven ultrasensitive and selective chemoresistive NO2 sensor is presented based on sulfur‐doped SnO2 nanoparticles. Sulfur‐doped SnO2 nanoparticles are synthesized by incorporating l‐cysteine as a sulfur doping agent, which also increases the surface area. The cationic and anionic doping of sulfur induces the formation of intermediate states in the band gap, highly contributing to the substantial enhancement of gas sensing performance under visible light illumination. Extraordinary gas sensing performances such as the gas response of 418 to 5 ppm of NO2 and a detection limit of 0.9 ppt are achieved under blue light illumination. Even under red light illumination, sulfur‐doped SnO2 nanoparticles exhibit stable gas sensing. The endurance to humidity and long‐term stability of the sensor are outstanding, which amplify the capability as an indoor air quality monitoring sensor. Overall, this study suggests an innovative strategy for developing the next generation of electronic noses.
On the three‐parameter infiltration equation of Parlange et al. (1982): Numerical solution, experimental design, and parameter estimation
Authors: Vrugt Jasper A. , Gao Yifu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSoil water infiltration is central to hydrologic studies and lends itself for detailed experimentation and mathematical–physical modeling. The most rigorous of these approaches numerically solve Richards’ equation, possibly coupled through a heterogeneous soil to a surface water routine and groundwater model. This approach is computationally expensive and prone to mass balance errors and overparameterization. Analytic solutions of the infiltration process obviate the need for specification of hydraulic functions and simplify computation and inverse determination of soil properties. This paper investigates the usefulness of Parlange's three‐parameter infiltration equation for forward and inverse modeling of vertical infiltration experiments. This quasi‐exact implicit solution of Richards’ equation, also credited to Haverkamp and coworkers in recent literature, is valid for the entire infiltration event, matches cumulative infiltration data from different soils and its (super‐)parameters, S, Ks, and β, exhibit a solid mathematical–physical underpinning. Nonetheless, Parlange's equation has not entered mainstream use for infiltration simulation and data analysis in the absence of a robust, exact and efficient numerical solution. This paper builds upon the recent work of Jaiswal et al. and presents theory, algorithms, and source codes of two numerical procedures for forward and inverse modeling of Parlange's infiltration equation. We illustrate the procedures using measured infiltration data from the Soil Water Infiltration Global (SWIG) database. Our findings highlight the potential of Parlange's equation for infiltration modeling and hydraulic characterization of the soil sorptivity, S [L T−1/2], saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ks [L T−1], and unitless coefficient, β. Parlange's infiltration equation provides a powerful alternative to mathematically more convenient explicit infiltration equations that suffer physical underpinning and/or a limited time validity.
A pilot study to assess the influence of infiltrated stormwater on groundwater: Hydrology and trace organic contaminants
Authors: Elliott Sarah M. , Kiesling Richard L. , Berg Andrew M. , Schoenfuss Heiko L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderground infiltration basins (UIBs) mimic the natural hydrologic cycle by allowing stormwater to recharge local groundwater aquifers. However, little is known about the potential transport of organic contaminants to receiving groundwater. We conducted a pilot study in which we collected paired grab samples of stormwater runoff flowing into two UIBs (inflow) and shallow groundwater adjacent to the UIBs. Samples were collected coincident with three rain events and analyzed for volatile organic compounds, semi‐volatile organic compounds, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. Few contaminants were detected in groundwater, compared with inflow, and groundwater concentrations were typically an order of magnitude less. With one exception (trichloroethene), all groundwater concentrations were at least two orders of magnitude below available guidance or screening values. This short communication highlights information gaps in understanding the hydrologic connectivity between UIBs and receiving groundwater and potential consequent contaminant transport to the subsurface from varying climatic conditions.Practitioner Points

Urban stormwater contains organic contaminants including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and semi‐volatile organic compounds that may be transported to groundwater via infiltration.
In general, fewer contaminants were detected in groundwater and at lower concentrations, compared with urban stormwater runoff.
Trace organic contaminant concentrations in groundwater were much lower than drinking water guidance/screening values.
Deep Learning Based Anomaly Detection for Muti-dimensional Time Series: A Survey
Authors: Chen Zhipeng , Peng Zhang , Zou Xueqiang , Sun Haoqi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMulti-dimensional time series are multiple sets of variables collected in chronological order, which are the results of observing a certain potential process according to a given sampling rate. It also has the ability to describe space and time and is widely used in many fields such as system state anomaly detection. However, multi-dimensional time series have problems such as dimensional explosion and data sparseness, as well as complex pattern features such as periods and trends. Such characteristics lead to rule-based anomaly detection methods suffer from poor detection effects. In the big data scenario, deep learning method begins to be applied to anomaly detection tasks for multi-dimensional time series due to its wide coverage and strong learning ability. This work first summarizes the definitions of anomaly detection for multi-dimensional time series and the challenges it faces. Related methods are sorted out, and then the deep learning-based method is emphasized. The existing work and its advantages and disadvantages are summarized. Finally, the shortcomings of the existing algorithms are clarified and the future research direction is explored.