bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TREASURY CONTROL IN THE SYSTEM OF CONTROL AND SUPERVISORY BODIES
Authors: Matveeva Elena E. 
Published: March 2022

In order to improve the quality of public finance management in the Russian Federation, priority areas of large-scale reform have been identified, including: development of the financial control system; ensuring a competitive and transparent procurement system for public needs; formation of a unified information contour of the public finance management system. Modern technological solutions make it possible to integrate business processes for the execution of expenditure budgets with procurement processes and procedures, thus achieving an integrated approach to budget expenditure management, which in turn is one of the promising areas of digitalization within the framework of the implementation of the National Program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation”.
Purpose. The purpose is to define and improve the control powers of various state bodies in the field of budget expenditures, primarily treasury control.
Method or methodology of the work: the following methods were used in the article: analysis, synthesis of scientific information, the method of analogies, as well as statistical methods of analysis.
Results: the most informative parameters showing some aspects of treasury control were obtained. Scope of application of the results: it is advisable to apply the results obtained by regulatory authorities exercising control over economic entities.
ANALYSIS OF THEORETICAL APPROACHES AND INTERACTION MANAGEMENT PRACTICES WITHIN MAIN ENTITIES TO ENSURE SUSTAINABLE REGION DEVELOPMENT IN A STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Kirillova Elena A. 
Published: March 2022

In the existing concepts of competitive advantages sources determining tools for analyzing and evaluating resources, abilities and competencies in relation to cooperative formation are rather poorly presented. Although, as foreign practice shows, it is precisely such forms of joint organization of activities that currently have the greatest effectiveness. These features determined the purpose of this study – the analysis of existing theoretical approaches and proven practices for identifying and evaluating unique resources and abilities of complex socio-economic systems.
Method or methodology of the work: mainly general logical methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization were used. The results show that one of competitive advantages sources of modern organizations is the network of their partnerships, in which scientific organizations play an important role. At the same time, they are not static, but represent a constantly changing combination of properties, parameters, skills, competencies, interests and abilities, which determines the need to describe such competitive advantages through «action» abilities – the ability of the system to develop, learn, increase the volume of resources and increase the efficiency of their use through integration, formation, recombination and reconfiguration of key competencies in the interests of compliance with the changing external environment, thereby ensuring the strategic flexibility of the organization through the implementation of the maximum possible synergetic effect from the totality of available resources and competencies. There is an increasing need for such a model of innovation implementation as the «triple helix». Such a change in the composition of participants leads to a change in the movements of information, financial, material and personnel flows within the system of cooperative formation, transformation of its structure, targets and allocation of resources to achieve them. The roles of the subjects of interaction themselves are also changing quite a lot now. The conducted research made it possible to identify a number of features, patterns and trends in the development of complex socio-economic systems and their impact on the sustainable development of the region, which can serve as a basis for working on current scientific and practical problems of implementing innovative activities at the regional level.
APPLICATION OF MACHINE ALGORITHMS FOR FORECASTING REAL ESTATE COSTS
Authors: Pavlova Anna I. , Korzh Alexander A. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose – development of web-application using the system of automated interaction with enterprise clients (Customer Relationship Management, CRM-system), aimed at conducting anti-collector activity.
Method or methodology of the work: programming methods were used in the article.
Results: the web application for the management of the anti-collectors’ activity integrated with the CRM system Bitrix 24 was developed.
The sphere of application of the results: the received results are to be applied to the management of the activity of anti-collector enterprises which is connected with structuring and liquidation of debts of physical and legal persons.
Robust Direct Aperture Optimization for Radiation Therapy Treatment Planning
Authors: Ripsman Danielle A. , Purdie Thomas G. , Chan Timothy C. Y. , Mahmoudzadeh Houra 
Published: March 2022

Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) allows for the design of customized, highly conformal treatments for cancer patients. Creating IMRT treatment plans, however, is a mathematically complex process, which is often tackled in multiple, simpler stages. This sequential approach typically separates radiation dose requirements from mechanical deliverability considerations, which may result in suboptimal treatment quality. For patient health to be considered paramount, holistic models must address these plan elements concurrently, eliminating quality loss between stages. This combined direct aperture optimization (DAO) approach is rarely paired with uncertainty mitigation techniques, such as robust optimization, because of the inherent complexity of both parts. This paper outlines a robust DAO (RDAO) model and discusses novel methodologies for efficiently integrating salient constraints. Because the highly complex RDAO model is difficult to solve, an original candidate plan generation (CPG) heuristic is proposed. The CPG produces rapid, high-quality, feasible plans, which are immediately clinically viable and can also be used to generate a feasible incumbent solution for warm-starting the RDAO model. Computational results obtained using clinical patient data sets with motion uncertainty show the benefit of incorporating the CPG, in terms of both the first incumbent solution and final output plan quality. Summary of Contribution: This paper describes the derivation, implementation, and solution of a large-scale robust direct aperture optimization model for the problem of intensity-modulated radiation therapy planning for cancer treatment. The contribution to operations research lies in the design of a novel mixed-integer programming model that describes all salient mechanical and clinical deliverability requirements for modern delivery equipment. Because of the large-scale nature of the resulting model, a novel tractable heuristic for generating high-quality, feasible treatment plans, as well as warm starts for the full model, is proposed and demonstrated on five clinical patient data sets.
Crowdfunding the Front Lines: An Empirical Study of Teacher-Driven School Improvement
Authors: Keppler Samantha M. , Li Jun , Wu Di (Andrew) 
Published: March 2022

The U.S. K–12 public education system has been notoriously hard to improve. Some argue new education technologies (EdTech) can help transform schools for the better. Yet, as large-scale policy reforms have had only limited success, it seems unlikely that small changes from EdTech could have any measurable impact. In this paper, we study DonorsChoose, a nonprofit that operates a teacher crowdfunding platform. We ask whether DonorsChoose improves educational outcomes, specifically at low-income schools. Combining DonorsChoose data with data on student test scores in Pennsylvania from 2012–2013 to 2017–2018, we find that an increase in the number of DonorsChoose projects funded at a school leads to higher student performance, after controlling for selection biases. For a school with zero funded projects, one funded project—of about $400 in value—translates to between two to nine more students scoring basic and above in all subjects in high school and science and language arts in primary and middle school. We find this effect is driven mostly by low-income schools, indicating funded projects help close the gap in educational outcomes between students at low- versus high-income schools. Based on a textual analysis of 20,000 statements from all funded teachers describing how project resources are used, we find two channels of improvement most effective in the lowest income schools. We demonstrate that, although DonorsChoose projects are small, they improve outcomes and reduce inequality because they come directly from frontline workers—teachers—who know most intimately the obstacles their students face and how to help. This paper was accepted by Charles Corbett, operations management. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4331 .
Non-Discrimination-by-Design: Handlungsempfehlungen für die Entwicklung von vertrauenswürdigen KI-Services
Authors: Rebstadt Jonas , Kortum Henrik , Gravemeier Laura Sophie , Eberhardt Birgid , Thomas Oliver 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungNeben der menschen-induzierten Diskriminierung von Gruppen oder Einzelpersonen haben in der jüngeren Vergangenheit auch immer mehr KI-Systeme diskriminierendes Verhalten gezeigt. Beispiele hierfür sind KI-Systeme im Recruiting, die Kandidatinnen benachteiligen, Chatbots mit rassistischen Tendenzen, oder die in autonomen Fahrzeugen eingesetzte Objekterkennung, welche schwarze Menschen schlechter als weiße Menschen erkennt. Das Verhalten der KI-Systeme entsteht hierbei durch die absichtliche oder unabsichtliche Reproduktion von Vorurteilen in den genutzten Daten oder den Entwicklerteams. Da sich KI-Systeme zunehmend als integraler Bestandteil sowohl privater als auch wirtschaftlicher Lebensbereiche etablieren, müssen sich Wissenschaft und Praxis mit den ethischen Rahmenbedingungen für deren Einsatz auseinandersetzen. Daher soll im Kontext dieser Arbeit ein wirtschaftlich und wissenschaftlich relevanter Beitrag zu diesem Diskurs geleistet werden, wobei am Beispiel des Ökosystems Smart Living auf einen sehr privaten Bezug zu einer diversen Bevölkerung bezuggenommen wird. Im Rahmen der Arbeit wurden sowohl in der Literatur als auch durch Expertenbefragungen Anforderungen an KI-Systeme im Smart-Living-Ökosystem in Bezug auf Diskriminierungsfreiheit erhoben, um Handlungsempfehlungen für die Entwicklung von KI-Services abzuleiten. Die Handlungsempfehlungen sollen vor allem Praktiker dabei unterstützen, ihr Vorgehen zur Entwicklung von KI-Systemen um ethische Faktoren zu ergänzen und so die Entwicklung nicht-diskriminierender KI-Services voranzutreiben.
Simple scoring tool to estimate risk of hospitalization and mortality in ambulatory and emergency department patients with COVID-19
Authors: Webb Brandon J. , Levin Nicholas M. , Grisel Nancy , Brown Samuel M. , Peltan Ithan D. , Spivak Emily S. , Shah Mark , Stenehjem Eddie , Bledsoe Joseph 
Published: March 2022

Background
Accurate methods of identifying patients with COVID-19 who are at high risk of poor outcomes has become especially important with the advent of limited-availability therapies such as monoclonal antibodies. Here we describe development and validation of a simple but accurate scoring tool to classify risk of hospitalization and mortality.

Methods
All consecutive patients testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 from March 25-October 1, 2020 within the Intermountain Healthcare system were included. The cohort was randomly divided into 70% derivation and 30% validation cohorts. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted for 14-day hospitalization. The optimal model was then adapted to a simple, probabilistic score and applied to the validation cohort and evaluated for prediction of hospitalization and 28-day mortality.

Results
22,816 patients were included; mean age was 40 years, 50.1% were female and 44% identified as non-white race or Hispanic/Latinx ethnicity. 6.2% required hospitalization and 0.4% died. Criteria in the simple model included: age (0.5 points per decade); high-risk comorbidities (2 points each): diabetes mellitus, severe immunocompromised status and obesity (body mass index≥30); non-white race/Hispanic or Latinx ethnicity (2 points), and 1 point each for: male sex, dyspnea, hypertension, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrythmia, congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, chronic pulmonary disease, chronic liver disease, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic neurologic disease. In the derivation cohort (n = 16,030) area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUROC) was 0.82 (95% CI 0.81–0.84) for hospitalization and 0.91 (0.83–0.94) for 28-day mortality; in the validation cohort (n = 6,786) AUROC for hospitalization was 0.8 (CI 0.78–0.82) and for mortality 0.8 (CI 0.69–0.9).

Conclusion
A prediction score based on widely available patient attributes accurately risk stratifies patients with COVID-19 at the time of testing. Applications include patient selection for therapies targeted at preventing disease progression in non-hospitalized patients, including monoclonal antibodies. External validation in independent healthcare environments is needed.
The Revised Medical Care Act is associated with a decrease in hospital death for the total Japanese older adult population regardless of dementia status: An interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Wammes Joost D. , Nakanishi Miharu , van der Steen Jenny T. , MacNeil Vroomen Janet L. 
Published: March 2022

Background
In 2006, Japan introduced the Revised Medical Care Act aimed to shift end-of-life care from hospitals to communities. For patients and families, dying in hospital can be highly distressing. Persons with dementia are especially susceptible to negative hospital-related outcomes. This study aims to evaluate whether the Revised Medical Care Act is associated with a decrease in the proportion of hospital deaths for older adults and persons with dementia over a 20-year period covering the reform.

Methods and findings
This is a population-level, repeated cross-sectional study using mortality data from Vital Statistics Japan. Participants were Japanese older adults 65 years or older with and without dementia who died between 1996 and 2016. The policy intervention was the 2006 Revised Medical Care Act that increased community care infrastructure. The primary outcome was location of death in hospital, nursing home, home, or elsewhere. The trend in the proportion of location of death, before and after the reforms was estimated using an interrupted time-series analysis. All analyses were adjusted for sex and seasonality. Of the 19,307,104 older adult decedents, 216,442 had dementia identified on their death certificate. Death in nursing home (1.10, 95% CI 1.10–1.10), home (1.08, 95% CI 1.08–1.08), and elsewhere (1.07, 95% CI 1.07–1.07) increased over time compared to hospital deaths for the total population after reform implementation. Nursing home (1.04, 95% CI 1.03–1.05) and home death (1.11, 95% CI 1.10–1.12) increased after reform implementation for persons with dementia.

Conclusion
This study provides evidence that the 2006 Revised Medical Care Act was associated with decreased older adults dying in hospital regardless of dementia status; however, hospital continues as the primary location of death.
Willingness to take COVID-19 vaccination in low-income countries: Evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Strupat Christoph , Shigute Zemzem , Bedi Arjun S. , Rieger Matthias 
Published: March 2022

Background
In low-income countries, vaccination campaigns are lagging, and evidence on vaccine acceptance, a crucial public health planning input, remains scant. This is the first study that reports willingness to take COVID-19 vaccines and its socio-demographic correlates in Ethiopia, Africa’s second most populous country.

Methods
The analysis is based on a nationally representative survey data of 2,317 households conducted in the informal economy in November 2020. It employs two logistic regression models where the two outcome variables are (i) a household head’s willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine or not, and (ii) if yes if they would also hypothetically pay (an unspecified amount) for it or not. Predictors include age, gender, education, marital status, income category, health insurance coverage, sickness due to COVID-19, chronic illness, trust in government, prior participation in voluntary activities, urban residence.

Results
Willingness to take the vaccine was high (88%) and significantly associated with COVID-19 cases in the family, trust in government and pro-social behavior. All other predictors such as gender, education, income, health insurance, chronic illness, urban residence did not significantly predict vaccine willingness at the 5% level. Among those willing to take the vaccine, 33% also answered that they would hypothetically pay (an unspecified amount) for it, an answer that is significantly associated with trust in government, health insurance coverage and income.

Conclusion
The results highlight both opportunities and challenges. There is little evidence of vaccine hesitancy in Ethiopia among household heads operating in the informal economy. The role played by trust in government and pro-social behavior in motivating this outcome suggests that policy makers need to consider these factors in the planning of COVID-19 vaccine campaigns in order to foster vaccine uptake. At the same time, as the willingness to hypothetically pay for a COVID-19 vaccine seems to be small, fairly-priced vaccines along with financial support are also needed to ensure further uptake of COVID-19 vaccines.
The relationship of body mass index and mid-upper arm circumference with anemia in non-pregnant women aged 19–49 years in Indonesia: Analysis of 2018 Basic Health Research data
Authors: Nainggolan Olwin , Hapsari Dwi , Titaley Christiana Rialine , Indrawati Lely , Dharmayanti Ika , Kristanto Antonius Yudi 
Published: March 2022

Background and objectivesAnemia remains a major public health problem worldwide. This study examined the relationship between anemia and the nutritional status of non-pregnant women aged 19–49 years in Indonesia.Methods and study designThe data were derived from the 2018 Basic Health Research Data of Indonesia. We used information from 11,471 non-pregnant women aged 19–49 years. The dependent variable was anemia (hemoglobin level <12 g/dL). The independent variable was women’s nutritional status, a combined indicator of body mass index (BMI) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Our analysis controlled for women’s age, education, physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, and the presence of communicable or non-communicable diseases. We performed logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe prevalence of anemia in non-pregnant women aged 19–49 years was 22.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.4–23.3). Women with overweight and obesity were less likely to develop anemia than those with a normal BMI, regardless of their MUAC score. The highest odds for developing anemia were observed in underweight women with low MUAC scores (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.83, 95%CI: 2.19–3.68). Higher odds ratios were also observed in women with insufficient physical activity, despite their sufficient consumption of fruits or vegetables (aOR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.06–3.28). However, women who had been diagnosed with a non-communicable disease had a reduced likelihood of developing anemia (aOR = 0.75, 95%CI: 0.67–0.83).ConclusionsStrengthening health promotion activities to improve nutritional status and healthy behaviors, particularly a healthy diet, remains important for women in Indonesia to reduce the prevalence of anemia and improve their overall health status.
Neonatal jaundice in Ghanaian children: Assessing maternal knowledge, attitude, and perceptions
Authors: Seneadza Nana Ayegua Hagan , Insaidoo Genevieve , Boye Hilda , Ani-Amponsah Mary , Leung Terence , Meek Judith , Enweronu-Laryea Christabel 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundNeonatal jaundice (NNJ) is a major cause of preventable childhood mortality and long-term impairment especially in countries with significant prevalence of the inherited condition, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) defect. In Ghana, routine screening of pregnant women for G6PD defect is standard care. Prevention of poor health outcomes from NNJ is contingent on population health literacy and early diagnosis. As part of a project to evaluate a screening tool for NNJ, we assessed the knowledge, attitude, and perceptions of Ghanaian mothers on NNJ at baseline.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional design, mothers attending antenatal and postnatal clinics at 3 selected health facilities in 2 geographical regions of Ghana were interviewed. Data on mothers’ understanding, perceptions, beliefs, and actions towards NNJ were evaluated. Chi-square test was used to determine the association between selected maternal characteristics and knowledge, attitude, and perception to NNJ.ResultsOf the 504 mothers interviewed, 428(85.4%) had heard about NNJ, 346 (68.7%) said the earliest signs are seen in the eyes, 384(76.2%) knew NNJ may be harmful and 467(92.7%) recommended seeking healthcare for the jaundiced newborn. None of the women knew about G6PD or their G6PD status following antenatal screening. Most did not know the signs/symptoms of severe NNJ. Of the 15 mothers who had had a jaundiced neonate, cost was the most perceived (8 out of 15) barrier to accessing health care. There were significant associations (p-value ≤ 0.05) between maternal age, educational level, and knowledge of NNJ.ConclusionDespite the high level of awareness of NNJ, gaps still exit in the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of mothers concerning NNJ. Improving education of women about the causes, symptoms/signs, and the role of G6PD in severe NNJ is recommended. Addressing barriers to accessing healthcare for the jaundiced infant may enhance timely management of NNJ and reduce the associated complications and mortality.