bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anguish and fears about attitude towards Covid-19 vaccines: contrasts between yes and no vax
Authors: Zatti Alberto , Riva Nicoletta 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe present research investigates the possible causes of resistance to vaccination against the COVID-19 virus. A significant percentage of different countries' populations is refractory to being vaccinated (i.e., in October 2021, in Italy, 20% aged 40–50 years old). A 92-item questionnaire was filled in by a sample of 613 subjects, of which 50.4% said they were against COVID-19 vaccines (63.1% female). Guided by the hypothesis that emotionality constitutes a basis of pre-reflective judgment, items relating to fear, anger and anguish were introduced in the survey. The subjects compiled the Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale. The differences between the means of the two samples evaluated with the Student test show that it is, above all, the underlying anguish that constitutes the primary discriminant between the two samples. No Vax mainly considers external the sources of anguish, while Yes Vax sources of anguish appear more internal. From this result an interpretation is advanced: it seems more difficult for No Vax to trust authority recommendations/obligations to get vaccinated because anguish is located just outside the one's body, where Authority dominates.
Sexual Function Following Treatment for Stress Urinary Incontinence with Bulk Injection Therapy and Mid-Urethral Sling Surgery
Authors: Latul Yani P. , Casteleijn Fenne M. , Zwolsman Sandra E. , Roovers Jan-Paul W.R. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundPeri-urethral bulking injections (PBI) gain popularity for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), but – in contrast to mid-urethral sling (MUS) surgery – little is known about its impact on sexual function.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study that included patients with moderate to severe SUI undergoing either MUS surgery or PBI with polydimethylsiloxane Urolastic (PDMS-U). The validated Dutch and English version of the ‘Pelvic Organ Prolapse and/or Urinary Incontinence Sexual Function Questionnaire – IUGA Revised’ (PISQ-IR) was used to assess sexual function at baseline, at 6 and 12 months of follow-up. For between-group analysis, differences in baseline characteristics were corrected using multivariate analysis of covariance.OutcomesThe primary outcome was the PISQ-IR single summary score of sexually active (SA) women following both procedures, calculated by mean calculation. Secondary outcomes were the PISQ-IR subscale scores of SA and non-sexually active (NSA) women, the proportions of sexual activity and subjective improvement (‘Patient Global Impression of Improvement’ (PGI-I)).ResultsA total of 259 women (MUS: n = 146, PBI: n = 113) were included in this study. The PISQ-IR single summary score of SA women improved following both interventions (in the MUS group from 3.2 to 3.4 and in the PBI group from 3.0 to 3.3 after 12 months). After correcting for differences in baseline characteristics, the PISQ-IR summary score at 6 and 12 months was similar for both treatment groups. For SA women, condition-specific and condition-impact subscale scores significantly improved following both procedures.Clinical implicationsIn treating SUI, PBI is inferior to MUS surgery. However, there is a need for less invasive strategies, especially for women who are unfit for surgery or have contraindications. Sexual function improves after PBI using PDMS-U, which is relevant for the counselling of women with SUI about available treatment options.Strengths & limitationsStrength: until this study, there was a lack of knowledge about the effects of PBI on sexual function. Limitation: there may be indication bias as we did not perform a randomized controlled trial.ConclusionPBI using PMDS-U and MUS surgery for the treatment of SUI improve sexual function equally in SA women, mainly by decreasing the condition’s impact on sexual activity and quality.
The Risks of Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence: The Case of the European Travel Information and Authorisation System
Authors: Derave Charly , Genicot Nathan , Hetmanska Nina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the European Union (EU) has strongly promoted a human-centric and trustworthy approach to artificial intelligence (AI). The 2021 proposal for a Regulation on AI that the EU seeks to establish as a global standard is the latest step in the matter. However, little attention has been paid to the EU’s use of AI to pursue its own purposes, despite its wide use of digital technologies, notably in the field of border management. Yet, such attention allows us to confront the highly moral discourse that characterises EU institutions’ communications and legislative acts with a concrete example of how the promoted values are realised “on the ground”. From this perspective, this paper takes the case study of the European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS), an EU information technology system (planned to become operational in May 2023) that will provide travel authorisation to visa-exempt third-country nationals using a profiling algorithm. The paper shows, on the one hand, that ETIAS constitutes another piece in the massive infrastructure of digital surveillance of third-country nationals that the EU has been building for years. On the other hand, ETIAS’s algorithmic process is shown to be an instrument of differential exclusion that could well have an adverse impact on certain groups of foreign travellers. Ultimately, this paper argues that far from falling outside the scope of the trustworthy approach to AI championed by the EU, ETIAS – and more broadly the systematic risk evaluation predominant in the EU’s use of AI – is a constitutive part of it.
How should we understand “bias” as a thick concept in recruitment discrimination studies?
Authors: Seppälä Päivi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCesario criticizes the experimental design of studies of bias by claiming that acting on stereotypes in the experimental situation might not be an “error” from a Bayesian perspective. However, social psychologists might have an ethical reason to label the observed decision-maker biases as “erroneous.” Decision-making can be considered as “biased” and “erroneous,” because it reflects illegal and morally condemnable discrimination.
Two thousand years after Archimedes, psychologist finds three topics that will simply not yield to the experimental method
Authors: Payne B. Keith , Banaji Mahzarin R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCesario argues that experiments cannot illuminate real group disparities because they leave out factors that operate in ordinary life. But what Cesario calls flaws are, in fact, the point of the experimental method. Of all the topics in science, we have to wonder why racial discrimination would be uniquely unsuited for investigating with experiments. The argument to give up the most powerful scientific method to study one of the hardest problems we confront is laughable.
Reply to the commentaries: A radical revision of experimental social psychology is still needed
Authors: Cesario Joseph 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAre the landscapes of real-world decisions adequately represented in our laboratory tasks? Are the goals and expertise of experimental participants the same as real-world decision-makers? Are we neglecting crucial forces that lead to group outcomes? Are the contingencies necessary for producing experimental demonstrations of bias present in the real world? In the target article, I argued that the answers to these questions are needed to understand whether and how laboratory research can inform real-world group disparities. Most of the commentaries defending experimental social psychology neglected to directly address these main arguments. The commentaries defending implicit bias only revealed the inadequacy of this concept for explaining group disparities. The major conclusions from the target article remain intact, suggesting that experimental social psychology must undergo major changes to contribute to our understanding of group disparities.
Resolving uncertainty in historical observations of the Adélie penguin breeding distribution in southern Prydz Bay, East Antarctica
Authors: Southwell Colin , Emmerson Louise 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe sophisticated spatial reference tools that exist today greatly facilitate studies of spatial ecology. Historically, however, the lack of such tools meant that spatial data were often imprecise, ambiguous or sometimes inaccurate. This can hinder or confound assessments of whether species distributions have changed in the past over decadal timescales. This is the case for Adélie penguins breeding at the southern limit of their breeding range in East Antarctica. In this short note, we resolve uncertainties in the locations of Adélie penguin breeding sites observed in the first population survey in Prydz Bay in 1981 by examining the original working notes of that work in combination with data from a recent survey in 2009 and a recently published spatial reference and identification system for coastal East Antarctica. By clarifying the historical locations, we conclude that the Adélie penguin breeding distribution has remained unchanged in this region over the past three decades, and we provide a robust baseline for assessing change in the future.
Domain specificity of differential susceptibility: Testing an evolutionary theory of temperament in early childhood
Authors: Hentges Rochelle F. , Davies Patrick T. , Sturge-Apple Melissa L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAccording to differential susceptibility theory (DST), some children may be more sensitive to both positive and negative features of the environment. However, research has generated a list of widely disparate temperamental traits that may reflect differential susceptibility to the environment. In addition, findings have implicated these temperament × environment interactions in predicting a wide variety of child outcomes. This study uses a novel evolutionary model of temperament to examine whether differential susceptibility operates in a domain-general or domain-specific manner. Using a racially and socioeconomically diverse sample of 243 preschoolers and their parents (56% female; 48% African American), we examined the interactions between maternal and paternal parenting quality and two evolutionary informed temperament profiles (i.e., Hawks and Doves) in predicting changes in teacher-reported conduct problems and depressive symptoms from preschool to first grade. Results suggest that differential susceptibility operates in a domain-specific fashion. Specifically, the “Hawk” temperament was differentially susceptible to maternal parenting in predicting externalizing problems. In contrast, the “Dove” temperament was susceptible to both paternal and maternal parenting quality in predicting changes in depressive symptoms. Findings provide support for an integrative framework that synthesizes DST with an evolutionary, function-based approach to temperament.
Long-term results of the Warden procedure for right partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Authors: Dubost Clément , Pavy Carine , Maminirina Pierre , Benbrik Nadir , Baron Olivier 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Surgery is considered as the first-line therapeutic strategy of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection. The Warden technique has very good short-term results. The aim of this study is to evaluate the stability of these good results over a long period of follow-up.Materials and Methods:We reviewed all patients who underwent a Warden procedure for partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection between 1997 and 2017 in our centre. A total of 73 patients were included. The median age was 14 years (5 months–72 years). Post-operative data were obtained through our hospital network. Late follow-up data were obtained through referrals, cardiologist letters and directly from the patient.Results:The mean length of follow-up was 8 years and the longest time was 22 years (range, 1–22). Twenty-five percent of our cohort had more than 10 years of follow-up. There were no cardio-vascular deaths. Eight (11.6%) patients suffered from post-operative rhythm disturbances, 5 (7.2%) of which were permanent. Two (2.9%) patients required a pacemaker implantation. At the end of the follow-up period, only one patient remained pacemaker dependent. There were no pulmonary vein obstructions. Two (2.9%) caval vein stenosis were detected, one at 7 months and the other at 7 years. These patients were treated by angioplasty alone. Five (6.8%) patients were lost to follow-up.Conclusions:The good short-term results of the Warden procedure for right partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection appear to persist in the long term, with excellent freedom from pulmonary and caval stenosis in adolescence through to adulthood.
Etanercept with IVIg for acute Kawasaki disease: a long-term follow-up on the EATAK trial
Authors: Sagiv Eyal , Slee April , Buffone Ashley , Choueiter Nadine F. , Dahdah Nagib S. , Portman Michael A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground:The Etanercept as Adjunctive Treatment for Acute Kawasaki Disease, a phase-3 clinical trial, showed that etanercept reduced the prevalence of IVIg resistance in acute Kawasaki disease. In patients who presented with coronary artery involvement, it reduced the maximal size and short-term progression of coronary artery dilation. Following up with this patient group, we evaluated the potential long-term benefit of etanercept for coronary disease.Methods:Patients were followed for at least 1 year after the trial. The size of dilated arteries (z-score ≥ 2.5) was measured at each follow-up visit. The z-score and size change from baseline were evaluated at each visit and compared between patients who received etanercept versus placebo at the initial trial.Results:Forty patients who received etanercept (22) or placebo (18) in the Etanercept as Adjunctive Treatment for Acute Kawasaki Disease trial were included. All patients showed a persistent decrease in coronary artery size measurement: 23.3 versus 5.9% at the 6-month visit, 24 versus 13.1% at the 1-year visit, and 20.8 versus 19.3% at the ≥ 2-year visit for etanercept or placebo, respectively, with similar results for decrease in coronary artery z-scores. In a multivariate analysis, correcting for patients’ growth, a greater size reduction for patients on the etanercept arm versus placebo was proved significant for the 6-month (p = 0.005) and the 1-year visits (p = 0.019) with a similar end outcome at the ≥ 2-year visit.Discussion:Primary adjunctive therapy with etanercept for children with acute Kawasaki disease does not change the end outcome of coronary artery disease but may promote earlier resolution of artery dilation.
Predicting the frequency of transgressive RILs and minimum population size required for their recovery in horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc)
Authors: Chandana B. R. , Ramesh S. , Kirankumar R. , Basanagouda G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEarly elimination of poor crosses based on an objective criterion allows increased allocation of resources only to a few promising crosses for identifying superior recombinant inbred lines (RILs) for use as pure-line cultivars in self-pollinated crops. Early generation (F2:3) prediction of frequency of superior RILs that could be derived from advanced generations of crosses is one such criterion. We predicted the frequency of transgressive RILs from two horse gram crosses (namely HPKM 320 × CRIDA18-R and IC 361290 × Palem 1) for primary branches per plant, pods per plant, pod weight per plant and grain weight per plant based on mid parental value, additive genetic effects and additive genetic variance estimated from trait means of parents, and their F2 and F2:3 generations. The predicted frequency of RILs that transgressed better parent/two checks varied with the cross and the trait within a cross. The frequencies of transgressive RILs predicted from IC 361290 × Palem 1 were higher than those predicted from HPKM 320 × CRIDA 18-R for three of the four traits. As expected, the minimum population size required to recover the transgressive RILs predicted from IC 361290 × Palem 1 was relatively smaller than that from IC 361290 × Palem 1. Increased allocation of resources for handling segregating populations derived from IC 361290 × Palem 1 is expected to result in superior RILs for use as cultivars. We believe that the objective criterion used in our study is handy in identifying superior RILs in early segregating populations derived from a few promising crosses.
Diapir Melting of Subducted Mélange Generating Alkaline Arc Magmatism and Its Implications for Material Recycling at Subduction Zone Settings
Authors: Wang Kai , Cai Keda , Sun Min , Wang Xiangsong , Xia Xiao‐Ping , Zhang Bo , Wan Bo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlkaline rocks crop out in subduction‐related volcanic arcs globally, whose genesis is explained by partial melting of hybrid diapiric mélanges in the mantle wedge. Such a new model has not yet been evidenced by field‐based investigations, where mélanges and alkaline arc rocks have spatial‐temporal and genetic connections. In this study, we identified these two types of rock units exposed in Western Tianshan, and established their petrogenetic relationship through field, geochronologic, geochemical, and thermodynamic investigations. Our results suggest that partial melts produced by melting of the mélange matrix at pressures of 2.8–2.4 GPa and 1.8–1.4 GPa with temperatures of 1000–1200°C can replicate the major‐element contents and trace‐element abundances of the regional alkaline arc rocks. This finding not only supports the hypothesis that diapir melting of subducted mélanges has a capacity to generate alkaline arc magma, but also provides insight into material recycling at subduction zone settings.
Climatology and Seasonal Variations of Temperatures and Gravity Wave Activities in the Mesopause Region Above Ft. Collins, CO (40.6°N, 105.1°W)
Authors: She Chiao‐Yao , Yan Zhao‐Ai , Gardner Chester S. , Krueger David A. , Hu Xiong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUtilizing 956 nights of Na lidar nocturnal mesopause region temperature profiles acquired at Fort Collins, CO (40.6°N, 105.1°W) over a 20‐year period (March 1990–2010), we deduce background nightly mean temperature and the square of the buoyancy frequency N2(z) at 2‐km resolution between 83 and 105 km. The temperature climatology reveals the two‐level mesopause structure with clarity and sharp mesopause transitions, resulting in 102 days of summer from Days 121 to 222 of the year. The same data set analyzed at 10‐min and 1‐km resolution gives the gravity wave (GW) temperature perturbations Ti'(z) and the wave variance Var(T′(z)) and GW potential energy Epm(z) between 85 and 100 km. Seasonal averages of GW Var(T′(z)) and Epm(z) between 90 and 100 km, show that Var(T′) for spring and autumn are comparable and lower than for summer and winter. Due mainly to the higher background stability, or larger N2(z) in summer, Epm(z) between 85 and 100 km is comparable in spring, summer, and autumn seasons, but ∼30%–45% smaller than the winter values at the same altitude. The uncertainties are about 4% for winter and about 5% for the other three seasons. The values for Epm are (156.0, 176.2, 145.6, and 186.2 J/kg) at 85 km for (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) respectively, (125.4, 120.2, 115.2, and 168.7 J/kg) at 93 km, and (207.5, 180.5, 213.1, and 278.6 J/kg) at 100 km. Going up in altitude, all profiles first decrease and then increase, suggesting that climatologically, GWs break below 85 km.
Origin of Late Quaternary Gravel and Drainage Basin Expansion in the Northern Chinese Tian Shan: Insights From Sediment Provenance Analyses
Authors: Lu Honghua , Jiang Yutong , Li Bingjing , Pang Jianzhang , Wu Dengyun , Pang Lichen , Zheng Xiangmin , Li Youli 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe source‐to‐sink relationship between a sedimentary basin and its adjacent mountain range is vital for understanding the genesis of piedmont coarse‐grained sediments and the evolution of mountain topography. By integrating zircon U‐Pb dating and heavy mineral assemblage analyses on 15 samples, this work focuses on the change of the provenance with time in the Urumqi River Neogene‐Pleistocene continental sequence in the northern Chinese Tian Shan foreland, which has been chronologically constrained to range from ∼6.8 to ∼0.55 Ma. The results of the integrated provenance analyses reveal two shifts in provenance during the periods of 4.6–2.5 and 0.9–0.55 Ma, yielding new zircon U‐Pb age signals from the glacier‐covered headwaters of the Urumqi River. These two identified provenance adjustments are causally related to enhanced glacial erosion in the high mountain. We propose that enhanced glacial erosion could have caused southward expansion of the Urumqi River drainage basin, increased production of coarse‐grained materials with new zircon U‐Pb age signals, and finally accumulation of piedmont alluvial gravel. The observed topographic and sedimentary responses to enhanced glaciation could have been common phenomena during the late Quaternary in alpine areas, where a large number of alluvial fans are widely distributed like aprons along the mountain front, as seen in the piedmonts of the Tian Shan in the arid interior of Asia.
High Free‐Tropospheric Aitken‐Mode Aerosol Concentrations Buffer Cloud Droplet Concentrations in Large‐Eddy Simulations of Precipitating Stratocumulus
Authors: Wyant Matthew C. , Bretherton Christopher S. , Wood Robert , Blossey Peter N. , McCoy Isabel L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA new Aitken mode aerosol microphysics scheme is developed for a large eddy simulation model in order to better investigate cloud‐aerosol interactions in the marine boundary layer and to study the Aitken buffering hypothesis of McCoy et al. (2021), https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jd033529. This scheme extends the single‐mode two‐moment prognostic aerosol scheme of Berner et al. (2013), https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-12549-2013. Seven prognostic variables represent accumulation and Aitken log‐normal aerosol modes in air and droplets as well as 3 gas species. Scavenging of interstitial and other unactivated aerosol by cloud and rain drops are treated using the scheme described in Berner et al. (2013), https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-12549-2013. The scheme includes coagulation of unactivated aerosol and a simple chemistry model with gas phase H2SO4, SO2, and DMS as prognostic variables to capture basic influences of sulfur chemistry on the model aerosols. Nucleation of H2SO4 aerosol particles from gas‐phase H2SO4 is neglected. A deep, precipitating stratocumulus case (VAMOS Ocean Cloud Atmosphere Land Study RF06) is used to test the new scheme. The presence of the Aitken mode aerosol increases the cloud droplet concentration through activation of the larger Aitken particles and delays the creation of an ultraclean, strongly precipitating cumulus state. Scavenging of unactivated accumulation and Aitken particles by cloud and precipitation droplets accelerates the collapse. Increasing either the above‐inversion Aitken concentration or the surface Aitken flux increases the Aitken population in the boundary layer and prevents the transition to an ultraclean state.