bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intubation and mortality prediction in hospitalized COVID-19 patients using a combination of convolutional neural network-based scoring of chest radiographs and clinical data
Authors: O'Shea Aileen , Li Matthew D , Mercaldo Nathaniel D , Balthazar Patricia , Som Avik , Yeung Tristan , Succi Marc D , Little Brent P , Kalpathy-Cramer Jayashree , Lee Susanna I 
Published: March 2022

Objective: To predict short-term outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients using a model incorporating clinical variables with automated convolutional neural network (CNN) chest radiograph analysis. Methods: A retrospective single center study was performed on patients consecutively admitted with COVID-19 between March 14 and April 21 2020. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected, and automated CNN scoring of the admission chest radiograph was performed. The two outcomes of disease progression were intubation or death within 7 days and death within 14 days following admission. Multiple imputation was performed for missing predictor variables and, for each imputed data set, a penalized logistic regression model was constructed to identify predictors and their functional relationship to each outcome. Cross-validated area under the characteristic (AUC) curves were estimated to quantify the discriminative ability of each model. Results: 801 patients (median age 59; interquartile range 46–73 years, 469 men) were evaluated. 36 patients were deceased and 207 were intubated at 7 days and 65 were deceased at 14 days. Cross-validated AUC values for predictive models were 0.82 (95% CI, 0.79–0.86) for death or intubation within 7 days and 0.82 (0.78–0.87) for death within 14 days. Automated CNN chest radiograph score was an important variable in predicting both outcomes. Conclusion: Automated CNN chest radiograph analysis, in combination with clinical variables, predicts short-term intubation and death in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection. Chest radiograph scoring of more severe disease was associated with a greater probability of adverse short-term outcome. Advances in knowledge: Model-based predictions of intubation and death in COVID-19 can be performed with high discriminative performance using admission clinical data and convolutional neural network-based scoring of chest radiograph severity.
A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of strategies to quantify or eliminate catastrophic costs due to tuberculosis
Authors: Carballo-Jimenez Paula P. , Datta Sumona , Aguirre-Ipenza Rubén , Saunders Matthew J. , Quevedo Cruz Luz , Evans Carlton A. 
Published: March 2022

Background: The World Health Organization strategy to “End TB” by 2030 includes the milestone of no affected households facing catastrophic costs due to tuberculosis (TB). Costs due to TB are usually defined as catastrophic if they exceed 20% of the pre-disease annual household income. Several countries have conducted national TB cost surveys but strategies to quantify and eliminate catastrophic costs are incompletely defined. Methods: Publications related to strategies to quantify and eliminate catastrophic costs will be identified by searching three electronic databases (PubMed - Medline, Scopus and Web of Science) together with reference lists from pertinent publications. We will screen eligible studies, extract data, and assess the risk of bias with the quality assessment tool from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Discrepancies will be resolved by discussion between the reviewers. If we find sufficient comparable studies quantifying strategies to eliminate catastrophic costs then a meta-analysis will be performed. This systematic review and meta-analysis is registered with the PROSPERO database (CRD42022292410). Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to rigorously assess the evidence for strategies to quantify or eliminate catastrophic costs due to TB.
Predation on sea turtles by jaguars in the Mexican Caribbean
Authors: Rosales-Hernández Víctor A. , Cruz-Romo Lizardo , Contreras-Moreno Fernando M. , Petrone Sandra , Jesús-Espinosa Daniel 
Published: March 2022

Los jaguares son carnívoros oportunistas, cuya dieta depende principalmente de la disponibilidad de sus presas. La depredación de tortugas marinas por parte de los jaguares ha sido raramente documentada en México. En este estudio registramos la depredación de tortugas caguamas (Caretta caretta) y verdes (Chelonia mydas) por parte de jaguares en la región de Mahahual, en el estado de Quintana Roo, México. De mayo a agosto de 2021, se establecieron 10 estaciones de fototrampeo en una playa de anidación. De forma paralela se realizaron recorridos nocturnos y diurnos a lo largo de las playas, con el fin de detectar tortugas que ovopositaran en el sitio, así como carcasas en el sitio que presentaran señales de depredación. Con un esfuerzo de muestreo de 600 noches / cámara se obtuvieron 10 eventos independientes de la presencia de jaguar en la zona, los cuales sucedieron en horarios diversos tanto diurnos como nocturnos, así como 3 eventos fotográficos en los que se confirmó la depredación del jaguar a tortugas marinas. La depredación de tortugas marinas por jaguares ha sido documentada en las playas de Costa Rica pero casi nunca en México, este reporte contribuye al escaso conocimiento de la dieta del jaguar en sitios costeros, así como a la relación que existe entre estos felinos y las tortugas marinas de México.
Optical calibration of the SuperCam instrument body unit spectrometers
Authors: Legett Carey , Newell Raymond T. , Reyes-Newell Adriana L. , Nelson Anthony E. , Bernardi Pernelle , Bender Steven C. , Forni Olivier , Venhaus D. M. , Clegg Samuel M. , Ollila A. M. , Pilleri Paolo , Sridhar V. , Maurice S. , Wiens Roger C. 
Published: March 2022

The SuperCam remote sensing instrument on NASA’s Perseverance rover is
capable of four spectroscopic techniques, remote micro-imaging, and
audio recording. These analytical techniques provide details of the
chemistry and mineralogy of the rocks and soils probed in the Jezero
Crater on Mars. Here we present the methods used for optical
calibration of the three spectrometers covering the 243–853 nm range
used by three of the four spectroscopic techniques. We derive the
instrument optical response, which characterizes the instrument
sensitivity to incident radiation as a function of a wavelength. The
instrument optical response function derived here is an essential step
in the interpretation of the spectra returned by SuperCam as it
converts the observed spectra, reported by the instrument as “digital
counts” from an analog to digital converter, into physical values of
spectral radiance.
Enhanced resonances by waveguide wrapping of a bulbed microring resonator
Authors: Arif M. Shahrul , Menon P. Susthitha , Ooi C. H. Raymond 
Published: March 2022

A high

Q

-factor novel bulb design, to the best of our knowledge, inspired by the well-studied pulley microring resonator (MRR), is demonstrated and compared with circle and racetrack MRRs at wavelengths of 1.45–1.65 µm. A wrapping of 60% around the ring showed a three times

Q

-factor increment (

Q
=
828

) compared to a standard circle MRR (

Q
=
206

) at a telecom wavelength of 1.55 µm with a fixed ring radius of 2 µm, while further increasing the wrapping at 80% shows a decrease in its

Q

-factor (

Q
=
454

). A comparison of the wavelength dependence of the bulb design with other typical MRR designs suggests that bulb designs are highly sensitive to wavelength and have very high

Q

-factors at lower wavelengths.
Electrically induced dynamic Fano-like resonance in a graphene-coated fiber grating
Authors: Jiang Biqiang , Zhang Xiaoming , Li Ailun , Hou Yueguo , Hao Zhen , Gan Xuetao , Zhao Jianlin 
Published: March 2022

We created an all-fiber solution for fast, continuous, and controllable tuning of Fano-like resonance. By embedding a graphene-coated fiber Bragg grating into one arm of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer, the narrow Bragg resonance interacts with a broad interference spectrum, forming a sharp asymmetric Fano-like resonance line shape. With the application of an electrical voltage over the graphene layer, the generated Joule heating shifts the Bragg resonance and consequently tunes the asymmetric Fano-like resonance line shape to a symmetric dip or electromagnetically induced transparency-like peak. Further, by exploiting two modulated states with reversed Fano-like resonance line shapes, an optical switch can operate with an extinction ratio of 9 dB. The well-engineered Fano-like resonance in an all-fiber structure opens up new horizons for applications of fiber gratings in optical signal processing, slow-light lasing, and fiber sensing.
Computational Ethics
Authors: Portmann Edy , D’Onofrio Sara 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie zunehmende Nutzung und Akzeptanz der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) erfordert neue Lösungsansätze, die ethische Werte wie Privatsphäre und Gleichheit in Entscheidungsprozessen berücksichtigen. In diesem Artikel stellen wir das konzeptionelle Artefakt der Computational Ethics als eine der Lösungsansätze des KI-Zeitalters vor, das aus den Elementen Computing with Words and Perceptions, digitale Ethik mit wort-/wahrnehmungsbasierten Werten und den Rahmenbedingungen eines Human Life Engineering besteht. Das komplementäre Zusammenspiel dieser drei Elemente erlaubt es der Computational Ethics, natürlichsprachige Informationen, bewertet nach gemeinsam festgelegten diskursethischen Grundsätzen, in einem kontextbasierten Modell natürlichsprachigen Rechnens als Referenzschema zu nutzen und die möglichen Handlungsoptionen einer KI nach ethischem Maß zu bewerten. So können autonome Entscheidungen unter Berücksichtigung der ethischen Werte des einzelnen Menschen und der Gesellschaft getroffen werden.
The effect of transdermal gender-affirming hormone therapy on markers of inflammation and hemostasis
Authors: Schutte Moya H. , Kleemann Robert , Nota Nienke M. , Wiepjes Chantal M. , Snabel Jessica M. , T’Sjoen Guy , Thijs Abel , den Heijer Martin 
Published: March 2022

Background
Cardiovascular risk is increased in transgender persons using gender-affirming hormone therapy. To gain insight into the mechanism by which sex hormones affect cardiovascular risk in transgender persons, we investigated the effect of hormone therapy on markers of inflammation and hemostasis.

Methods
In this exploratory study, 48 trans women using estradiol patches plus cyproterone acetate (CPA) and 47 trans men using testosterone gel were included. They were between 18 and 50 years old and did not have a history of cardiovascular events. Measurements were performed before and after 3 and 12 months of hormone therapy.

Results
After 12 months, in trans women, systemic and endothelial inflammatory markers decreased (hs-CRP -66%, (95% CI -76; -53), VCAM-1–12%, (95% CI -16; -8)), while platelet activation markers increased (PF-4 +17%, (95% CI 4; 32), β-thromboglobulin +13%, (95% CI 2; 24)). The coagulation marker fibrinogen increased transiently, after 3 months (+15%, (95% CI 1; 32)). In trans men, hs-CRP increased (+71%, (95% CI 19; 145)); platelet activation and coagulation markers were not altered. In both trans women and trans men, leptin and adiponectin changed towards reference values of the experienced gender.

Conclusions
Platelet activation and coagulation marker concentrations increased in trans women using transdermal estradiol plus CPA, but not in trans men using testosterone. Also, concentrations of inflammatory markers decreased in trans women, while hs-CRP increased in trans men. Our results indicate that hormone therapy may affect hemostasis in transgender persons, which could be an underlying mechanism explaining the increased cardiovascular risk in this population.
The prognosis of different distant metastases pattern in malignant tumors of the adrenal glands: A population-based retrospective study
Authors: Miao Jia , Wei Haibin , Cui Jianxin , Zhang Qi , Liu Feng , Mao Zujie , Zhang Dahong 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
The present existing data on the association of metastatic sites and prognosis of patients with metastatic adrenal malignancy are limited. This study aims to investigate the impact of different distant metastases pattern on the survival of patients with adrenal malignancy.

Methods
A dataset from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 Registries (2000–2017) was selected for a retrospective metastatic adrenal malignancy cohort study. There was information on distribution of metastatic lesions in bone, brain, liver, and lung in the SEER database. Kaplan-Meier analysis and nomogram analyses were applied to compare the survival distribution of cases. Univariate and multivariate cox regression models were used to analyze survival outcomes.

Results
From the SEER database, a total of 980 patients with primary metastatic adrenal malignancy from 2010 to 2017 were enrolled in this cohort study. Based on the initial metastatic sites, 42.3%, 38.4%, 30.5%, and 4.9% of patients were found bone, liver, lung, and brain metastasis, respectively. Patients who had a single site of distant metastases accounted for 52.6% (515/980) and had a better overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) (both P < 0.001). In contrast with the tumor arising from the cortex, the tumor from the medulla showed better survival outcomes in both OS and CSS (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Different histological types possess various metastatic features and prognostic values. Understanding these differences may contribute to designing targeted pre-treatment assessment of primary metastatic adrenal malignancy and creating a personalized curative intervention.
Preoperative predictors of poor outcomes in Thai patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Sirataranon Punnarat , Duangthongphon Pichayen , Limwattananon Phumtham 
Published: March 2022

Objective
A scoring system for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is useful for guiding treatment decisions, especially in urgent-care limited settings. This study developed a simple algorithm of clinical conditions and grading to predict outcomes in patients treated by clipping or coiling.

Methods
Data on patients with aSAH hospitalized in a university’s neurovascular center in Thailand from 2013 to 2018 were obtained for chart review. Factors associated with poor outcomes evaluated at one year were identified using a stepwise logistic regression model. For each patient, the rounded regression coefficients of independent risk factors were linearly combined into a total score, which was assessed for its performance in predicting outcomes using receiver operating characteristic analysis. An appropriate cutoff point of the scores for poor outcomes was based on Youden’s criteria, which maximized the summation between sensitivity or true positive rate and the specificity or true negative rate.

Results
Patients (n, 121) with poor outcomes (modified Rankin Scale, mRS score, 4–6) had a significantly higher proportion of old age, underlying hypertension, diabetes and chronic kidney disease, high clinical severity grading, preoperative rebleeding, and hydrocephalus than those (n, 336) with good outcomes (mRS score, 0–3). Six variables, including age >70 years, diabetes mellitus, World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) scaling of IV-V, modified Fisher grading of 3–4, rebleeding, and hydrocephalus, were identified as independent risk factors and were assigned a score weight of 2, 1, 2, 1, 3 and 1, respectively. Among the total possible scores ranging from 0–10, the cut point at score 3 yielded the maximum Youden’s index (0.527), which resulted in a sensitivity of 77.7% and specificity of 75.0%.

Conclusion
A simple 0–10 scoring system on six risk factors for poor outcomes was validated for aSAH and should be advocated for use in limited resource settings.
Migraine patients visiting Chinese medicine hospital: Protocol for a prospective, registry-based, real-world observational cohort study
Authors: Lyu Shaohua , Zhang Claire Shuiqing , Zhang Anthony Lin , Sun Jingbo , Xue Charlie Changli , Guo Xinfeng 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionMigraine is a disabling, recurrent headache disorder with complex comorbidities. Conventional treatments for migraine are unsatisfactory, with side effects and limited effectiveness. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been used as an alternative or complementary treatment option for migraine in China. Currently, the existing evidence of benefit of CHM for migraine has been generated from randomised clinical trials using standardised intervention with a focus on internal validity hence with limited external validity. Moreover, CHM individualised intervention design, patients’ preferences and concerns, and clinicians’ experience are critical to clinical decision making and therapeutic success. This real-world observational study aims to gather practice-based evidence of effects and safety of CHM for migraine in the context of integrating Chinese medicine diagnostic procedures, patients’ preferences and matters relevant to clinical decision making.Methods and analysisThe study is being undertaken at the Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (GPHCM) from December 2020 to May 2022. We anticipate that approximately 400 adult migraineurs will be enrolled and observed on their migraine severity, analgesic consumption, quality of life, anxiety, depression and insomnia at baseline and then every four weeks over 12 weeks. Treatments, diagnostic information, and patient-reported most bothersome symptoms will be collected from patient clinical records. Patient’s demographic data, preferences and concerns on CHM treatments will also be gathered at baseline and be analysed. Factors related to clinical outcomes will be explored with multiple correlation and multivariable regression analyses. Effects of CHM will be evaluated using generalised estimated equation, based on clinical outcome data.DiscussionThis study will provide comprehensive evidence of CHM for migraine in the context of evidence-based practice.Trial registration numberChiCTR2000041003
High RRM2 expression has poor prognosis in specific types of breast cancer
Authors: Shi Shen-chao , Zhang Yi , Wang Tao 
Published: March 2022

Background
RRM2 plays an important role in different malignant tumors, but there are few studies in breast cancer. Public databases were used to analyze the expression of RRM2 in breast cancer and its prognostic value.

Materials and methods
A total of 2,509 breast cancer samples were downloaded from the METABRIC database. The relationship between RRM2 expression and clinical pathology was evaluated. Using the BCIP database and real-time-PCR, and western blotting, RRM2 mRNA and protein expression of RRM2 in breast cancer tissues and cell lines were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analysis defined independent prognostic factors that affected the overall survival of patients with breast cancer. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to study the relationship between the high expression of RRM2 and overall survival and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) of breast cancer patients. Finally, We performed Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and obtained the relevant pathways associated with high expression of RRM2 potentially influencing breast cancer progression.

Results
RRM2 expression was significantly correlated with age, tumor size, grade, menopausal status, molecular typing, ER, PR, and Her-2 of patients with breast cancer(P<0.05). Univariate and multivariate regression analysis showed that RRM2, the number of positive lymph nodes, ER, Her-2, tumor size, and tumor stage can be used as independent prognostic factors for overall survival of patients with breast cancer. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that in patients with Luminal A and Normal like breast cancers and Stage1 and stage2 breast cancers, patients with high expression of RRM2 had worse overall survival and DMFS. The analysis of the GSEA pathway showed that RRM2 is mainly enriched in the ERBB signaling pathway and other pathways.

Conclusion
The high expression of RRM2 has a worse prognosis in patients with breast cancer with specific features. It can be used as a biomarker for the prognosis of breast cancer.
Posttraumatic growth and its association with unmet supportive care needs and fear of cancer progression among head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Nik Jaafar Nik Ruzyanei , Hamdan Nur Amirah , Abd Hamid Norhaliza , Rajandram Rama Krsna , Mahadevan Raynuha , Zakaria Hazli , Mohamad Yunus Mohd Razif , Leong Bin Abdullah Mohammad Farris Iman 
Published: March 2022

Background and aims
The assessment of supportive care needs and fear of cancer progression are important variables to be considered when evaluating the psychological aspects of cancer patients. However, data on how these variables affect posttraumatic growth (PTG) are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the level of PTG among head and neck cancer (HNC) patients within the first year of cancer diagnosis and to determine the association between unmet supportive care needs, fear of cancer progression, and the level of PTG.

Methods
Participants were administered socio-demographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire; the 34-item Supportive Care Needs Survey (SCNS-34) to measure the unmet needs; 12-item Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF) to measure the fear of progression of cancer; and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory—Short Form (PTGI-SF) to measure the degree of PTG.

Results
A total of 190 HNC participants reported a mean total PTGI-SF score of 39.3 (standard deviation = 9.5). General linear model revealed that higher degree of patients’ physical and daily living unmet needs and fear of cancer progression significantly predicted lower PTG, after controlling for sociodemographic and clinical factors.

Conclusion
HNC patients within the first year of cancer diagnosis reported a high level of PTG. Despite that, psychosocial intervention for HNC patients should emphasize on counteracting patients’ physical and daily living unmet needs and fear of cancer progression to improve the psychological well-being of patients.
Simulation of subcooled flow instability for high flux research reactors with ATHLET
Authors: Hainoun A. , Schaffrath A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The ATHLET code has been improved and validated for the safety analysis of high flux research reactors against experimental data of the Thermalhydraulic Test Loop of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Therefore, an extensive series of “stiff mode” experiments were recalculated. The comparison between experiments and ATHLET posttest calculations shows that the extended code simulates accurately the thermalhydraulic conditions and the flow instabilities in a wide range of inlet velocity, heat and mass flux.
IAEA programme on managing safety aspects of ageing nuclear power plants
Authors: Pachner J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In view of an increasing age of nuclear power plants, many of which are planning or considering extending service life to 5060 years, ensuring the safety and reliability of ageing nuaclear power plants is an important task of the nuclear industry, national safety authorities, and international organizations such as the IAEA. This paper presents an overview of IAEA work on safety aspects of ageing nuclear power plants and indicates future direction aimed at strengthening capabilities of IAEA Member States in managing long-term nuclear power plant safety.