bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graham Harman e a Teoria Social pós-sintese
Authors: Pinho Thiago Araujo , Harman Graham 
Published: February 2022

A Ontologia Orientada ao Objeto (conhecida também como OOO) é uma das grandes correntes filosóficas contemporâneas, fundada pelo filósofo Graham Harman, atualmente professor da Sci-Arc (Southern California Institute of Architecture), em Los Angeles, California. Embora popular no próprio universo filosófico, além da arquitetura, e das artes, em geral, mobilizando uma série de debates intensos ao redor das principais faculdades do mundo, ao lado de grandes nomes como Žižek, Latour e outros, ainda é bem desconhecida no Brasil e em vários países de língua portuguesa, principalmente pela falta de tradução de seus textos, o que acaba criando um obstáculo em seu caminho. O objetivo desse pequeno ensaio é sugerir uma pequena introdução ao pensamento de Graham Harman, além de entender uma das suas possíveis implicações no campo das Ciências Sociais, contrastando com aquilo que poderíamos chamar do seu pano de fundo clássico. Existiria, talvez, uma nova forma de Teoria Social, uma que superasse aquilo que Jeffrey Alexander chamou de “novo movimento teórico”?
Escrituras antropológicas da dor
Authors: Ribeiro Michelli de Souza 
Published: February 2022

Este texto analisa aquilo que, inspirada em Veena Das, venho nomeando como escrituras antropológicas da dor, isto é, textos etnográficos cujo substrato são memórias de luto, dor e sofrimento experienciados por vítimas e familiares de vítimas de violência político estatal. Parte do pressuposto de que, embora etnografar e textualizar experiências de dor e sofrimento seja empreendimento de conhecimento situado no interior de uma disciplina científico acadêmica – a antropologia –, supõe um engajamento moral por parte dos(as) pesquisadores(as) diante da dor do outro. Busca apreender as tensões e os deslocamentos entre o ético e o político, entre a responsabilidade profissional e os comprometimentos morais, políticos e emocionais que, parece-me, dão forma a essas experiências de pesquisa.
Break, Perturb, Build: Automatic Perturbation of Reasoning Paths Through Question Decomposition
Authors: Geva Mor , Wolfson Tomer , Berant Jonathan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recent efforts to create challenge benchmarks that test the abilities of natural language understanding models have largely depended on human annotations. In this work, we introduce the “Break, Perturb, Build” (BPB) framework for automatic reasoning-oriented perturbation of question-answer pairs. BPB represents a question by decomposing it into the reasoning steps that are required to answer it, symbolically perturbs the decomposition, and then generates new question-answer pairs. We demonstrate the effectiveness of BPB by creating evaluation sets for three reading comprehension (RC) benchmarks, generating thousands of high-quality examples without human intervention. We evaluate a range of RC models on our evaluation sets, which reveals large performance gaps on generated examples compared to the original data. Moreover, symbolic perturbations enable fine-grained analysis of the strengths and limitations of models. Last, augmenting the training data with examples generated by BPB helps close the performance gaps, without any drop on the original data distribution.
Shoulder Stabilization Versus Immobilization for First-Time Anterior Shoulder Dislocation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Level 1 Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Belk John W. , Wharton Benjamin R. , Houck Darby A. , Bravman Jonathan T. , Kraeutler Matthew J. , Mayer Braden , Noonan Thomas J. , Seidl Adam J. , Frank Rachel M. , McCarty Eric C. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Multiple studies have compared redislocation rates after stabilization and immobilization for patients experiencing a traumatic, first-time anterior shoulder dislocation (ASD). Purpose: To systematically review the literature to compare rates of recurrent instability and subsequent instability surgery in patients undergoing treatment for a first-time ASD with surgical stabilization versus shoulder immobilization. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase to identify level 1 randomized studies that compared outcomes of surgical stabilization versus immobilization for treatment of primary ASD. The following search phrase was used: (glenohumeral OR anterior shoulder) AND (conservative OR nonoperative OR nonsurgical OR physiotherapy) AND (Bankart OR repair OR stabilization OR surgical OR surgery OR arthroscopic OR arthroscopy) AND (instability OR dislocation). Patients with soft tissue disruption alone as well as those with additional minor bony lesions (Hill-Sachs, Bankart) were included. Recurrent instability and subsequent instability surgery rates, the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI), and range of motion were evaluated. Results: A total of 5 studies met inclusion criteria, including 126 patients undergoing surgical stabilization (mean age, 23.6 years; range, 15.0-39.0 years) and 133 patients undergoing treatment with sling immobilization only (mean age, 23.1 years; range, 15.0-31.0 years). Mean follow-up was 59.7 months. Overall, 6.3% of operative patients experienced recurrent instability at latest follow-up compared with 46.6% of nonoperative patients ( P < .00001). Similarly, 4.0% of operative patients underwent a subsequent instability surgery compared with 30.8% of nonoperative patients ( P < .00001). These same trends were demonstrated when data were isolated to nonoperative patients immobilized in internal rotation. When comparing the operative and nonoperative groups at latest follow-up, 1 study found significantly improved WOSI scores among operative patients ( P = .035) and 1 study found significantly improved abducted external rotation in nonoperative patients ( P = .02). Conclusion: Patients, particularly active men in their 20s and 30s, undergoing treatment for a first-time ASD with a surgical stabilization procedure can be expected to experience significantly lower rates of recurrent instability and a significantly decreased need for a future stabilization procedure when compared with patients treated nonoperatively.
The influential factors in humanistic critical care nursing
Authors: Mohamadi Asl Somaye , Khademi Mojgan , Mohammadi Eesa 
Published: February 2022

Background: One of the main concerns in critical care units is the development of humanistic approaches. In this regard, recognizing the factors affecting humanistic nursing can contribute to humanizing nursing care in these units. Objective: The objective was to recognize the influential factors of humanistic nursing in critical care units. Research design: This qualitative study was carried out using a phenomenology method. Thirty-nine in-depth unstructured interviews were performed. The data were analyzed using the phenomenological nursology approach. To guarantee trustworthiness, prolonged engagement, member check, triangulation of resources, and maximum variation sampling were used. Participants and research context: Purposeful sampling was employed to select 10 nurses, 8 patients, and 4 patient’s relatives from the intensive care unit and critical care unit departments. Ethical consideration: This study was approved by the ethics committee of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences with the code of LUMS.REC.1395.121. Finding: The participants’ experiences were reflected in the following three main concepts: (a) moral, educational, and existential nature of the two humans involved in the interaction; (b) maintenance of the nurses’ dignity; and (c) interactions in the cultural and social context. Discussion: The nurse and patient, organizational environment, and society give rise to a set of intertwined characteristics which influence the realization of humanistic nursing. By affecting the nurses’ educational background and maintaining their dignity, the atmosphere of the hospital and cultural readiness of the society pave the way for delivering the humanistic care.
A comprehensive evaluation of the safety of ipilimumab, nivolumab and their combination therapy: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Konwar Mahanjit , Bose Debdipta , Maurya Miteshkumar , Ravi Renju 
Published: February 2022

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed the landscape of management of advanced cancers. It is imperative to evaluate the safety of nivolumab and ipilimumab based therapies. This study was aimed to assess the comparative safety profiles of ipilimumab, nivolumab and their combinations. Materials and Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, and the CENTRAL for randomised controlled trials of ipilimumab and nivolumab. The outcome measures were treatment-related adverse events [TRAEs], TRAEs of grade 3–5, treatment discontinuation due to TRAEs [TDTRAEs], TDTRAEs of grade 3–5, serious adverse events [SAEs] and SAEs of grades 3–5. We performed a network meta-analysis using the Bayesian approach in R version 4.0.3. Results We identified 42 RCTs for final analysis. The treatment ranking for TRAEs revealed that nivolumab 240 mg/week and nivolumab 3 mg/kg/week were safer (0.84 and 0.81 in SUCRA); for TRAEs of grade 3–5, nivolumab 3 mg/kg/week and nivolumab 240 mg/week were safer (0.83 and 0.75 in SUCRA); for TDTRAEs nivolumab 3 mg/kg/week and ipilimumab in combination with other drugs were safer (0.87 and 0.64 in SUCRA) and for TDTRAEs of grade 3–5, nivolumab 3 mg/kg/week was safer (0.85 in SUCRA). Nivolumab 3 mg/kg/week and nivolumab 240 mg/week were safer (0.79 and 0.76 in SUCRA) for SAEs and nivolumab 3 mg/kg/week was safer for SAEs of grade 3–5 (0.78 in SUCRA). Conclusion Nivolumab 3 mg/kg biweekly, nivolumab 240 mg weekly and nivolumab 3 mg/kg plus ipilimumab 1 mg/kg triweekly could be preferred due to the relatively low risk of TRAEs, TDAEs and SAEs.
Incidence and management of patients with methotrexate delayed elimination in the clinical practice: A Delphi study
Authors: Gros Luis , Roldán Alicia , Cabero-Martínez Almudena , Domínguez-Pinilla Nerea , de la Fuente Adolfo , González-Barca Eva , Tasso María , Torrent Montserrat , Gallardo Eva , del Cerro Inés , Giró-Perafita Ariadna , Badia Xavier 
Published: February 2022

Introduction High-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) is administered for the treatment of some cancers. HDMTX is usually safe but may crystallize in renal tubules causing acute kidney injury (AKI). Consequently, MTX elimination is delayed, resulting in a severe and life-threatening condition. No studies have been published about the impact of MTX toxicity in Spain. This study aims to estimate the incidence and management of MTX delayed elimination and toxicity. Methods A two-round Delphi study was performed to reach consensus between 10 medical experts on haemato-oncology and paediatric oncology with experience in the management of HDMTX treated patients from leading Spanish hospitals. An online questionnaire was developed based on national and international guidelines and previous evidence regarding HDMTX-related toxicity. Consensus was established at 80% agreement. Median and interquartile ranges were calculated, and incidence data were extrapolated to the Spanish general population. Results Out of 1.475 patients estimated to receive HDMTX treatment annually in Spain, 27.5% present MTX delayed elimination and 11.6% develop HDMTX-induced AKI (35.4% with severe systemic toxicities (>grade 3) and 18.8% develop chronic renal disease). Mortality is estimated in 4.2%. Immuno-enzymatic assay is used in most of the hospitals (90%) for MTX serum level monitoring. All experts use increased supportive care and high leucovorin as first-line treatment. Available treatments in experts’ hospitals in case toxicity persists are haemodialysis (90% of hospitals), glucarpidase (60%) and hemofiltration (50%). Most prevalent non-renal systemic toxicities are haematologic and mucositis (21–40% of patients). Patients with HDMTX-induced AKI require from intensive care (5% of patients), more than 3 sessions and 4 days of dialysis, and about 8.5 days of hospitalization (non-ICU patients) and 12 days in case of patients requiring ICU. Conclusions These results are the first evidence regarding HDMTX-induced AKI in Spain. Incidence and mortality results are in line with previous studies. Clinical management is based on preventive measures and the treatment depend on the availability in the hospital. The need for effective, safe and rapid treatment for the reduction of MTX toxic levels and the improvement of monitoring methods were noted by experts as urgent needs. Further observational studies to validate these results would be needed.
Terbinafine Resistant Trichophyton Indotineae Isolated in Patients With Superficial Dermatophyte Infection in Canadian Patients
Authors: Posso-De Los Rios Claudia J. , Tadros Enas , Summerbell Richard C. , Scott James A. 
Published: February 2022

Background Trichophyton mentagrophytes type VIII (segregated as Trichophyton indotineae) is a new strain of antifungal resistant Trichophyton spp. that has been found in different countries around the world. This new strain has been found to be resistant to terbinafine. Objectives We present the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment approach of Canadian patients with mycology and molecular confirmation of superficial mycosis caused by T. indotineae. Methods Mycology testing from cultures and PCR were used to confirm T. indotineae. We collected clinical information from patients with a confirmed diagnosis. Results We report eight Canadian patients mainly presenting with extensive superficial mycosis due to T. indotineae. Three patients presented lesions on the face in addition to lesions on their body. Four patients were initially started on itraconazole or fluconazole, one patient was started on topical therapy, and three patients were referred to infectious disease. Conclusions This new strain represents a dermatology and public health concern. Treatment guidelines are lacking. We include a practical approach and treatment recommendations for clinicians who will be encountering these emerging cases in Canada while waiting for evidence-based treatment guidelines.
Antitumor and Antibacterial Efficacy of Gallium Nanoparticles Coated by Ellagic Acid
Authors: El-sonbaty Sawsan M , Moawed Fatma SM , Kandil Eman I , M Tamamm Amira 
Published: February 2022

Cancer is a mortality contributor worldwide, and breast cancer is the most common among women. Despite the numerous breast cancer therapeutic strategies, they either have limitations or sometimes are resisted by cancer, so new approaches are needed to tackle those restrictions. Nanotechnology offers exciting leaps in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, especially breast cancer. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the newly synthesized gallium nanoparticles coated by Ellagic acid (EA-GaNPs) on the induced mammary gland carcinogenesis in female rats and their antibacterial activities comparison with standard antibiotics (Ketoconazole (100 μg/ml) and Gentamycin (4 μg/ml)) by disc diffusion method using eight different microbial species. The antitumor efficacy of EA-GaNPs was conducted both in vitro and in in vivo. The result of antimicrobial activity of EA-Ga NPs (1 mg/1 mL) revealed moderate toxicity behavior against Gram-positive {Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria {Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgarfs) also, antifungal activity was detected against {Aspergillus terreus). In vitro study showed that EA-GaNPs inhibited human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) proliferation with IC50 of 2.86 μg/ml. Although in vivo; the administration of EA-GaNPs to DMBA-treated rats ameliorated the hyperplastic state of mammary gland carcinogenesis induced by DMBA. Additionally, EA-GaNPs administration significantly modulated the activities of ALT and AST, as well as the levels of urea and creatinine in serum. Also, EA-GaNPs administration improved the antioxidant state by increasing Superoxide dismutase activity and GSH content, and decreasing malondialdehyde content in the mammary tissue, besides enhancing the apoptotic activity through elevating the levels of caspase-3 and decreasing the protein intensities of protein kinase B & phosphatidyl inositide 3-kinases. Furthermore, a significant decrease in serum Total iron-binding capacity accompanied by a significant increase in the level of calcium was noted. So, it can be concluded that the newly synthesized nanoparticles EA-GaNPs have an efficient antitumor activity that was manifested by reduction of the viability on the human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) in vitro. Also, in vivo against the chemically induced mammary gland carcinogenesis in a female rat model. Histopathological findings were in harmony with biochemical and molecular results showing the effectiveness of EA-GaNPs against mammary carcinogenesis. Therefore, EA-GaNPs could be a promising, potent anti-cancer compound.
Safety of cold snare polypectomy with periprocedural antithrombotic agents for colorectal polyps: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yeh Jen-Hao , Wang Wen-Lun , Lin Chih-Wen , Lee Ching-Tai , Tseng Cheng-Hao , Hsiao Po-Jen , Liu Yu-Peng , Wang Jaw-Yuan 
Published: February 2022

Background: We aimed to study the safety of cold snare polypectomy (CSP) for colorectal polyps in patients administered periprocedural antithrombotic agents. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases through June 2021. The primary outcomes were the rates of delayed and immediate bleeding (requiring endoscopic hemostasis). Secondary outcomes included thromboembolic events. Meta-analysis using odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was performed to compare the outcomes. Results: Seventeen studies, including five randomized trials, were included. Over 96% of polyps were ⩽1 cm. The pooled rates of delayed and immediate bleeding for patients receiving CSP and periprocedural antithrombotic agents were 1.6% and 10.5%, respectively. Both the delayed (OR = 4.02, 95% CI = 1.98–8.17) and immediate bleeding (OR = 5.85, 95% CI = 3.84–8.89) rates were significantly higher in patients using periprocedural antithrombotic agents than in non-users. Although both antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants increased the risk of delayed bleeding, the risks associated with the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs; 2.5%) or multiple agents (3.9%) were particularly high. Compared to their counterparts, diminutive polyps and uncomplicated lesions not requiring hemoclipping were associated with lower risks of delayed bleeding (pooled estimates of 0.4% and 0.18%, respectively). Thromboembolic risk was similar among patients using and not using periprocedural antithrombotic agents. Conclusions: CSP with periprocedural antiplatelet agents and warfarin may be feasible, especially for diminutive polyps. However, drug discontinuation should be considered with the use of DOACs or multiple agents which entail higher bleeding risk even with hemoclipping.
Rotator cuff outcomes and mental health indices: Correlation or causation?
Authors: Sabo MT , Walker A , Elmi Assadzadeh G , Hildebrand KA 
Published: February 2022

Background Psychological factors such as catastrophizing, anxiety, and depression influence clinical outcomes in many conditions. Our purpose was to examine trends and associations between these and outcomes of rotator cuff surgery. Methods 148 patients (76 W:72 M, 55.1 ± 8.2 years) with unilateral symptomatic rotator cuff syndrome were followed for 1 year after surgery. The Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Score (WORC), the Pain Catastrophizing Score (PCS), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score (HADS) were administered. Evolution and associations of WORC, HADS and PCS scores were examined using uni- and multivariate analyzes. Results At 1 year, PCS, HADS-A, and HADS-D scores negatively correlated with WORC score ( R = −0.6, −0.61, −0.69). The strength of correlation was lower between baseline PCS, HADS-A, and HADS-D scores and 1-year WORC score ( R = −0.38, −0.43, −0.42). Prior anxiety diagnosis was associated with higher HADS-A scores at 2- and 6- weeks post-op ( p = 0.013, 0.011). 106 participants experienced an improving HADS-D over the year of follow-up. Worse pre-op pain, WORC, PCS, HADS-A, HADS-D, cardiovascular disease and current smoking were associated with non-improving HADS-D. Discussion Patient-reported outcomes of rotator cuff surgery are associated with patient-reported anxiety, depression, and pain catastrophizing. In many, all outcome scores improved over time suggesting a two-way association between shoulder condition and psychological parameters. Level of evidence II.
Survival Radiology: How a popular in-person interactive medical student radiology workshop pivoted online during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Velaga Jyothirmayi , Lee Sonia Shu Yi , Tran Nguyen Tuan Anh , Vora Bimal Mayur Kumar , Cheng Lionel Tim-Ee 
Published: February 2022

Background Survival Radiology (SR) is a flagship annual full-day in-person radiology workshop targeted at final year medical students in Singapore to prepare them for internship. Previous in-person editions have consistently received positive reviews from 2014 to 2019. However, the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a rapid online pivot for its sixth edition in 2020. Objectives This study aims to (a) identify key success factors of a traditional in-person medical student radiology workshop, (b) describe the rapid online pivot in 2020 and (c) to identify key success factors for online educational initiatives. Methods Post-workshop survey responses of SR from 2014 to 2020 were evaluated. Likert-scale data were quantitatively analysed, while free-text responses were qualitatively analysed. Results A total of 1248 post-workshop surveys (2014–2020 workshops) and 266 free-text responses (2020 workshop) were received from 2640 participants over the years. Progressive changes that sustained or improved participant feedback for in-person SR workshops included adoption of a case-based approach, utility of ‘live’ audience response systems and incorporation of quizzes with a favourable overall feedback rating of 4.42–4.89 from 2014 to 2019. The webinar version of SR in 2020 became the best-rated edition since inception with a rating of 4.9. Qualitative analysis of feedback from SR 2020 showed that the participants preferred the webinar model, online modes of engagement and interactivity. Conclusion Our experience shows that it is not only possible to successfully pivot online for such workshops, but that blended educational formats utilising online engagements supplemented by in-person activities will be well-received by ‘Generation Z’ learners even after the COVID-19 pandemic.