bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gain improvement of THz antenna using semicircular slot and modified ground plane
Authors: Aathmanesan T. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryIn this paper, gain improvement and impedance matching of THz patch antenna by using semicircular slot and modified ground plane are discussed. The proposed antenna consists of a simple rectangular patch configuration. The novelty of the proposed antenna is its semicircular slot, and modified ground structures are used to enhance the gain and impedance matching of the proposed antenna. Design evolution along with parametric studies is also offered in this paper along with the return loss comparisons. Surface current distributions that are presented for the validation of proposed antenna's operation are controlled by the slots. The effect of slots on performance of the proposed antenna is also offered in this paper. The proposed antenna is designed and simulated on CST software. The proposed antenna occupies a compact area of 100 × 150 × 10 μm3, which in terms of wavelength can be given by 0.33
0.5
0.03
where
is the free space wavelength at 1 THz. The proposed antenna has a resonant frequency of 1 THz with a realized peak gain of 8.87 dBi and efficiency of 87%, respectively. The proposed antenna can be a suitable candidate for 1‐THz applications.
Dual‐band compact split‐ring resonator‐shaped fractal antenna with defected ground plane for sub‐6‐GHz 5G and global system for mobile communication applications
Authors: Patel Upesh , Upadhyaya Trushit , Desai Arpan , Pandey Rajat , Pandya Killol 
Published: January 2022

SummaryIn this article, a split‐ring resonator‐inspired fractal antenna for the GSM and sub‐6‐GHz 5G applications is presented. The antenna geometry uses a combination of square‐shaped split‐ring resonators arranged in a Sierpinski fractal arrangement that is realized on a low‐cost FR4 substrate. The overall dimension of the proposed antenna is 0.35λ × 0.35λ mm2 (lowest frequency). The antenna resonates at a dual‐frequency band spanning from 1.75 to 2.0 (13.36%) and 3.01 to 4.18 GHz (33.42%) with a peak gain of 1.5 and 2.05 dBi at respective resonant peaks that correlate satisfactorily with the measured values. The proposed antenna uses Sierpinski fractal geometry on the top and the partial ground plane at the back with dipole‐shaped radiation patterns, and an efficiency of around 80% makes the antenna commercially suited for the GSM and sub‐6‐GHz 5G communication applications.
Structure identification and analysis of the suspected chemical precursor of 2‐fluorodeschloroketamine and its decomposition products
Authors: Luo Xuan , Zhang Di , Luo Qiulian , Huang Kejian , Liu Xiaofeng , Yang Ning , Qin Zuzeng , Feng Chunli , Li Junbo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this work, 1‐[(2″‐fluorophenyl)(methylimino)methyl]cyclopentan‐1‐ol (2‐fluorodeschlorohydroxylimine) was identified as a suspected chemical precursor of 2‐fluorodeschloroketamine (2‐FDCK) using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and gas chromatography‐quadrupole/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (GC‐Q/TOF‐MS) and comparing the data with those of ketamine and its chemical precursor, hydroxylimine. Furthermore, the entire fragmentation pathway of 2‐fluorodeschlorohydroxylimine was theorized from the GC–MS spectrum recorded using an electron ionization (EI) source, and the mechanisms and decomposition pathways of 2‐fluorodeschlorohydroxylimine were elucidated. In protic solvents, the nitrogen atom in the C═N group of 2‐fluorodeschlorohydroxylimine underwent a protonation reaction. Thereafter, the traces of water present in protic solvents promoted the hydrolysis of the protonated imine, and a carbon cation was obtained following the loss of methylamine. The carbon cation could follow the classical decomposition mechanism of imines and yield an α‐hydroxyl ketone, which was the major decomposition product, (2′‐fluorophenyl)(1″‐hydroxycyclopentyl)methanone. The cation could also undergo a loop expansion rearrangement and yield another α‐hydroxyl ketone, 2‐(2′‐fluorophenyl)‐2‐hydroxycyclohexan‐1‐one. The structures of the two aforementioned decomposition products were elucidated using several techniques including theoretical calculation, GC–MS, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the prediction and assistance elucidation functions of ACDLabs‐Structure Elucidator Suite, and the virtual separation technology of diffusion‐ordered spectroscopy. The aforementioned study revealed important information about the chemical precursor of 2‐FDCK and its decomposition. Furthermore, a set of methods for the qualitative analysis of 2‐fluorodeschlorohydroxylimine were established, which facilitated accurate analysis of 2‐fluorodeschlorohydroxylimine samples following decomposition or destruction.
Risk factors for low back pain outcome: Does it matter when they are measured?
Authors: Klyne David Murray , Hall Leanne Marie , Nicholas Michael K. , Hodges Paul William 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe early identification of factors that increase risk of poor recovery from acute low back pain (LBP) is critical to prevent the transition to chronicity. Although most studies of risk factors for poor outcome in LBP tend to investigate the condition once it is already persistent, there is evidence to suggest that this differs from risk factors measured during the early‐acute stage. This study aimed to identify early risk factors for poor outcome in the short‐ and long‐term in individuals with acute LBP, and to compare this with factors identified at 3 months in the same cohort.MethodsOne hundred and thirty‐three individuals were recruited within 2 weeks of an acute LBP episode and completed questionnaires related to their sociodemographic, psychological, clinical and history/treatment status at baseline and 3 months later, and their pain‐level fortnightly for 12 months.ResultsOf the 133 participants recruited, follow‐up data were provided by 120 at 3 months, 97 at 6 months, 85 at 9 months and 94 at 12 months. Linear regression identified various factors at baseline (acute phase) and 3 months later that predicted short‐ and long‐term outcome (pain level, change in pain). Key findings were that: (1) depressive symptoms at baseline most consistently predicted worse outcome; (2) psychological factors in general at 3 months were more predictive of outcome than when measured at baseline; (3) early health care utilization predicted better outcome, whereas use of pain medication later (3 months) predicted worse outcome; and (4) sex and BMI predicted outcome inconsistently over 12‐months.ConclusionsThe results highlight the multidimensional nature of risk factors for poor outcome in LBP and the need to consider time variation in these factors.SignificanceThis study attempts to consider the impact of time variation of candidate risk factors on long‐term outcome from the very early onset of acute low back pain. Risk factors across domains (sociodemographic, psychological, clinical, history/treatment) were identified, but their relationship with outcome often depended on when (acute phase vs. 3 months later) they were measured after back pain onset. Findings highlight the need to consider both a diverse range of factors and their potential time variance when assessing risk of poor outcome.
Introduction to the special issue “Redesigning the hypotheses for drug‐resistant epilepsy”
Authors: Rocha Luisa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDrug‐resistant epilepsy represents an important neurological condition. Its prevalence is not modified in spite of the different hypotheses established to understand the mechanisms involved. The special issue “Redesigning the hypotheses for drug‐resistant epilepsy” represents an effort of different investigators to discuss the limitations of the hypotheses that explain the drug resistance in epilepsy. In addition, new paradigms and novel strategies to control drug‐resistant epilepsy are pointed out to understand this condition.
Emerging polymeric electrospun fibers: From structural diversity to application in flexible bioelectronics and tissue engineering
Authors: Wan Xingyi , Zhao Yunchao , Li Zhou , Li Linlin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractElectrospinning (e‐spin) technique has emerged as a versatile and feasible pathway for constructing diverse polymeric fabric structures, which show potential applications in many biological and biomedical fields. Owing to the advantages of adjustable mechanics, designable structures, versatile surface multi‐functionalization, and biomimetic capability to natural tissue, remarkable progress has been made in flexible bioelectronics and tissue engineering for the sensing and therapeutic purposes. In this perspective, we review recent works on design of the hierarchically structured e‐spin fibers, as well as, the fabrication strategies from one‐dimensional individual fiber (1D) to three‐dimensional (3D) fiber arrangements adaptive to specific applications. Then, we focus on the most cutting‐edge progress of their applications in flexible bioelectronics and tissue engineering. Finally, we propose future challenges and perspectives for promoting electrospun fiber‐based products toward industrialized, intelligent, multifunctional, and safe applications.
Enduring effect of abuse: Childhood maltreatment links to altered theory of mind network among adults
Authors: Pang Yajing , Zhao Shanshan , Li Zhihui , Li Nan , Yu Jiarui , Zhang Rui , Lu Fengmei , Chen Heng , Wu Fengchun , Zheng Wei , Gao Jingjing , Yang Yongfeng , Wu Huawang , Wang Jiaojian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChildhood maltreatment (CM) confers a great risk of maladaptive development outcomes later in life, however, the neurobiological mechanism underlying this vulnerability is still unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the long‐term consequences of CM on neural connectivity while controlling for psychiatric conditions, medication, and, substance abuse. A sample including adults with (n = 40) and without CM (n = 50) completed Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), personality questionnaires, and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan were recruited for the current study. The whole‐brain functional connectivity (FC) was evaluated using an unbiased, data‐driven, multivariate pattern analysis method. Relative to controls, adults with CM suffered a higher level of temperament and impulsivity and showed decreased FC between the insula and superior temporal gyrus (STG) and between inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and middle frontal gyrus, STG, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), while increased FC between IPL and cuneus and superior frontal gyrus (SFG) regions. The FCs of IPL with dACC and SFG were correlated with the anxious and cyclothymic temperament and attentional impulsivity. Moreover, these FCs partially mediated the relationship between CM and attentional impulsivity. Our results suggest that CM has a significant effect on the modulation of FC within theory of mind (ToM) network even decades later in adulthood, and inform a new framework to account for how CM results in the development of impulsivity. The novel findings reveal the neurobiological consequences of CM and provide new clues to the prevention and intervention strategy to reduce the risk of the development of psychopathology.
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Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhang Wenqing , Dai Jianying , Sun Mingzi , Zhao Jun , Ji Lifei , Chen Lin , Zeng Fanlong , Yang Fengchun , Huang Bolong , Dai Liming 
Published: January 2022

Since most electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), except for precious metal oxides RuO2 and IrO2, are unstable in harsh acidic solutions, it is highly desirable to develop high‐performance OER electrocatalysts for acidic media. Herein, authors (DOI: 10.1002/inf2.12273)report a simple strategy to produce carboxyl‐enriched multiwalled carbon nanotubes that exhibit stable and high electrocatalytic activities for OER in acidic solutions. As far as we are aware, these results represent the best OER performance for metal‐free electrocatalysts, even comparable to those of RuO2 and IrO2.
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Authors: Ng Sue‐Faye , Foo Joel Jie , Ong Wee‐Jun 
Published: January 2022

Solar‐driven CO2‐to‐fuel conversion has become a promising avenue towards tackling the exponential rise in global CO2 emissions. As a class of metal‐free nanomaterial, graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has been widely studied for solar‐driven CO2 reduction with its allotropes (e.g. C3N5. C2N) rising in popularity recently. External‐field assisted methods have incited much interest due to their synergistic contribution to the photochemical CO2 reduction reaction. The rise of viable solar technology paves a sustainable alternative to the current fuel source to close the carbon cycle and achieve a circular carbon economy. DOI: 10.1002/inf2.12279
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A subquadratic algorithm for the simultaneous conjugacy problem
Authors: Brodnik Andrej , Malnič Aleksander , Požar Rok 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe ‐Simultaneous Conjugacy problem in the symmetric group asks whether there exists a permutation such that holds for all , where and are given sequences of permutations in . The time complexity of existing algorithms for solving the problem is . We show that for a given positive integer the ‐Simultaneous Conjugacy problem in can be solved in time. Our algorithm solves a number of problems from various fields of mathematics and computer science.
The mechanism of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Zhao Wenbin , Li Hanmeng , Li Jianghua , Xu Bin , Xu Jian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn late 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) arose, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). This disease rapidly became a public health event of international concern. In addition to the most typical symptoms of dyspnea, numerous patients with COVID‐19 exhibited systemic symptoms, such as cardiovascular disease, liver and kidney failure, and disorders in coagulation. At present, clinical data indicates that numerous patients who are critically ill die from multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS). Moreover, the entry of SARS‐CoV‐2 into cells causing severe pathology and progressive organ failure is precisely mediated by the human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 protein. This plays a role in maintaining both fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, ensuring the stability of the internal environment. Therefore, the present review aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of MODS caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection based on the current clinical data and previous studies.
Assessing soil organic carbon, N and P stocks and its relation to soil properties in artificial canopy gaps in a managed oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) forest#
Authors: Amolikondori Alireza , Abrari Vajari Kambiz , Feizian Mohammad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn the Hyrcanian temperate forests, different canopy gaps sizes have been created by logging under silvicultural methods. Understanding the effects of gaps on forest ecosystems can help in the planning and decision‐making of forestry practices. Variations in ecological conditions caused by canopy gaps may have an impact on the forest stand, particularly soil nutrients.AimsThe purpose of the present research was to investigate the changes in soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stocks under different gap sizes in the Hyrcanian oriental beech forest.MethodsWe measured SOC, N and P stocks of soil at the depth of 0–20 cm among 15 artificial gaps along with adjacent closed stand which was created by single‐tree selection system in oriental beech stand, northern Iran. In the center and four cardinal positions of the edge of gaps as well as in the four adjacent closed canopy forests at the distance of 20 m from gaps, the soil sampling was performed.ResultsThe difference in C, N and P stocks among the artificial canopy gaps was statistically significant, and higher mean values were observed in large gaps. No significant difference was observed between gaps and adjacent closed stands with regard to soil C, N and P stocks. At artificial gaps and closed stands, the SOC stock was negatively correlated with clay and positively correlated with bulk density, sand, N and OC. With increasing bulk density, sand, N, P, and OC, N stock was increased in gaps. In gaps, SOC and P stocks were both positively related to soil microbial C and soil microbial P, respectively.ConclusionGenerally, it can be stated that there are similar relative ecological conditions between artificial gaps and closed stands, and the interaction among soil properties in gaps demonstrates gap dynamics in deciduous, broad‐leaved beech forest.
Predicted distribution of plains spotted skunk in Arkansas and Missouri
Authors: LaRose Summer H. , MacPherson Maggie P. , Lesmeister Damon B. , Mundy Hackett H. , Perry Roger W. , Blake Sasse D. , Gompper Matthew E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe plains spotted skunk (Spilogale interrupta) is of conservation concern because of widespread population declines and is being considered for listing under the United States Endangered Species Act. Although the taxon is relatively rare and difficult to study, recent research and reports provided some information about spotted skunks in Arkansas and Missouri, USA. Using this information, we employed full and simplified multivariate species distribution models to evaluate cover type associations and identify regions of high predicted presence for plains spotted skunks. The simple model contained percent forest and percent development within 5 km, land cover category, and distance to water. Percent forest within 5 km was the most important variable based on permutation importance in both models, indicating that plains spotted skunk habitat may persist in contiguous forest at the landscape scale. Regions predicted to have high presence occurred in northern, western, and southern Arkansas and southern Missouri, totaling >300,000 ha. The resulting plains spotted skunk distribution map can be used for research and management efforts in areas of high probability of occurrence, and future statewide survey efforts may validate our results.
Changes in the permafrost environment under dual impacts of climate change and human activities in the Hola basin, northern Da Xing'anling Mountains, Northeast China
Authors: He Ruixia , Jin Huijun , Luo Dongliang , Huang Yadong , Ma Futing , Li Xiaoying , Wang Hongwei , Li Yan , Jia Ning , Li Xinyu , Jin Xiaoying , Serban Raul‐David , Serban Mihaela , Zhou Chuanfang , Liang Zhongkai , Sun Yanfeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Hola basin in the northern Da Xing'anling Mountains in Northeast China has been extensively developed for coal mining since the 1980s, resulting in a significantly degrading permafrost environment. However, the changing thermal state of permafrost under the boreal forest remains unclear. Based on ground temperature records from nine monitoring boreholes at three areas (disturbed, backfilled, and undisturbed areas) from 2015 to 2020, the thermal state of permafrost under the dual influences of climate change and human activities were evaluated. It is found that the temperatures at the depth of zero annual amplitude (TZAA) in the disturbed area increased by 0.2–0.5°C during the past 6 years, turning the cold permafrost (TZAA ≤ −1.0°C) into a warm one (−1 ≤ TZAA ≤ 0°C). Additionally, the permafrost table was lowered by 0.8–7.0 m. As a result, subaerial supra‐permafrost talik occurred. However, TZAA in the undisturbed areas lowered by 0.03–0.11°C, possibly due to the lagged response of the local climate cooling during 2001–2010. In the meantime, TZAA rose sharply in the disturbed areas, indicating more significant influences of intense human activities on permafrost in comparison with that of climate change. As the permafrost degrades, the boreal permafrost eco‐environment has changed dramatically, as revealed by the draining and drying up of the Yueya'hu Lake in the southern Hola basin. These results help reveal the physical mechanisms, evaluate the rates and amplitudes of environmental changes, and manage the boreal forest environment and resources in a sustainable manner.
Impact of training modes on fitness and body composition in women with obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Davis Mary E. , Blake Catherine , Perrotta Carla , Cunningham Caitriona , O’Donoghue Gráinne 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the effectiveness of different exercise modalities and determine the optimal exercise prescription for improving cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and metabolic health of women with obesity.MethodsA systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 1988 and October 2020 was conducted. The RCTs were screened using the following inclusion criteria: 1) participants: women aged 18 to 65 years with BMI > 30 kg/m2and without comorbidities; 2) intervention: exercise; 3) comparison: non‐intervention control; and 4) outcomes measures: cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption), body composition (i.e., body weight, percentage body fat), and/or metabolic measures (i.e., blood pressure, cholesterol).ResultsA total of 20 RCTs with a total of 2,062 participants were included. Although the results showed that any form of exercise was more effective than control, improvements in fitness and body composition were modest. Aerobic exercise (vigorous and moderate intensity) appeared most promising for improving fitness and body weight, whereas low‐load resistance training resulted in the largest improvements in body fatness.ConclusionsIn women living with obesity, aerobic exercise was consistently effective in improving fitness and body composition. Although both resistance training and combined exercise interventions appear promising, more research is needed to evaluate their efficacy and determine an optimal exercise prescription for this population.
Stability analysis and comparative study on different eco‐epidemiological models: Stage structure for prey and predator concerning impulsive control
Authors: Jose Sayooj Aby , Ramachandran Raja , Cao Jinde , Alzabut Jehad , Niezabitowski Michal , Balas Valentina E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe asymptotic behavior of four integrated pest management models with stage structure is analyzed in this article. Stage structuring is suggested because almost all pests pass through two stages in their lives, namely immature larvae and mature adults. It is believed that immature susceptible pests and exposed pests are targeted by a natural enemy and infected pests that make them exposed are contacted by susceptible pests (immature and mature). After fixed times, infected pests, and natural enemies are infused impulsively. And we have also integrated the effects of nontarget pests here. The stability analysis of the periodic pest extinction solution is obtained by the floquet theory, the method of small amplitude perturbation, and the comparison theorem. The results obtained provide some valid theoretical results for successful management of pests and also established the threshold time limit for the impulsive release of various controls. A comparative analysis with computational simulation offers a good idea of each model and our primary outcomes.