bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving signal fidelity for deep learning‐based seismic interference noise attenuation
Authors: Sun Jing , Hou Song 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDeep learning has shown a considerable potential to significantly improve processing efficiency but has not yet been widely deployed to production projects of seismic signal separation such as seismic interference attenuation. The main reasons are: First, the industry has high standards for signal fidelity, which are critical for the success of subsequent seismic imaging, and deep neural network methods have not yet matched the required level; second, the network's interpretability issue has affected many geophysicists and sponsors’ trust in the deep learning technique. To develop deep neural network methods towards the end of benefiting real‐world production, we first attempt to better understand their performance, especially in how they make use of local and global features of the data. A novel quantitative research of the overall network model behaviour on synthetic data is conducted. We simulate three types of coherent seismic data components in the shot domain, blend them together and then train a network to separate them. In this process, random noise, a component having only learnable local features, is selectively injected into the network's training pairs. Three network models sharing the same architecture are trained individually, and they show distinctive behaviours when applied to the same test data. Step‐by‐step analysis of each of them reveals that training the network with additional random noise injected into both the input and the output channel of the desired signal can lead to a decent prediction of the coherent noise based on good learning of the global features and, in the meantime, preserve almost all the data information from being lost. We propose this key lesson we learnt as a new method to improve the network's signal fidelity for shot‐domain seismic interference attenuation, which is essentially a signal separation task. Its effectiveness is demonstrated on field data from Africa with a comparison to a conventional physics‐based seismic interference attenuation method used in production.
Microplastic polymer properties as deterministic factors driving terrestrial plastisphere microbiome assembly and succession in the field
Authors: Rohrbach Stephan , Gkoutselis Gerasimos , Hink Linda , Weig Alfons R. , Obst Martin , Diekmann Astrid , Ho Adrian , Rambold Gerhard , Horn Marcus A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEnvironmental microplastic (MP) is ubiquitous in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems providing artificial habitats for microbes. Mechanisms of MP colonization, MP polymer impacts, and effects on soil microbiomes are largely unknown in terrestrial systems. Therefore, we experimentally tested the hypothesis that MP polymer type is an important deterministic factor affecting MP community assembly by incubating common MP polymer types in situ in landfill soil for 14 months. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing indicated that MP polymers have specific impacts on plastisphere microbiomes, which are subsets of the soil microbiome. Chloroflexota, Gammaproteobacteria, certain Nitrososphaerota, and Nanoarchaeota explained differences among MP polymers and time points. Plastisphere microbial community composition derived from different MP diverged over time and was enriched in potential pathogens. PICRUSt predictions of pathway abundances and quantitative PCR of functional marker genes indicated that MP polymers exerted an ambivalent effect on genetic potentials of biogeochemical cycles. Overall, the data indicate that (i) polymer type as deterministic factor rather than stochastic factors drives plastisphere community assembly, (ii) MP impacts greenhouse gas metabolism, xenobiotic degradation and pathogen distribution, and (iii) MP serves as an ideal model system for studying fundamental questions in microbial ecology such as community assembly mechanisms in terrestrial environments.
The Effectiveness of Gender Diversity Reforms and the Impact of a Familial Culture: A Spillover Effect on Board Independence
Authors: Poletti‐Hughes Jannine , Dimungu‐Hewage Dilrukshi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study examines the impact of board gender diversity reforms (i.e. voluntary and regulatory) on both their effectiveness in increasing independent female directors on boards and board independence in a sample of 41 countries (10,313 unique firms and 82,613 firm‐year observations). In an initial analysis, we find that voluntary self‐regulation via a comply‐or‐explain reform decreases the number of independent female directors on boards and board independence. However, after incorporating the moderating effect of national culture, we find that such comply‐or‐explain reforms are ineffective only in countries where the inclusion/role of women in labour markets is limited (i.e. familial culture). By contrast, quota reforms boost the appointment of independent female directors and board independence despite the cultural setting, signifying positive actions towards good corporate governance practices.
Issue trade‐offs and the politics of representation: Experimental evidence from four European democracies
Authors: KIRKIZH NORA , FROIO CATERINA , STIER SEBASTIAN 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe politics of representation has become increasingly complex in recent years. Amid weakening traditional political cleavages, the emergence of new political divides and mounting anti‐elitism that have helped the rise of radical populist parties, voters face significant cross‐pressures when casting their ballots. Despite a wealth of studies on the role of issue preferences in voting behaviour, there are still many unknowns when it comes to understanding how voters trade off competing issue preferences against each other. Studying issue trade‐offs is also important against the backdrop of the well‐documented preferences of radical left and right voters for redistribution and restrictive immigration policies, respectively. To investigate the strength of issue preferences among radical left, radical right and mainstream party voters and the willingness to compromise on their most important issues, we conducted a conjoint survey experiment with 2,000 participants in France, Germany, Italy and Spain. The voting scenario in the experiment featured proposals on salient political issues and different (non)populist stances on political representation. The results from the cross‐country study, as well as a large replication study with a sample of 4,000 German respondents, show that voters of radical right parties are willing to accept large trade‐offs regarding their other issue preferences as long as their preference for restrictive immigration policies is fulfilled. Differently, radical left, Green and mainstream party voters have a more variegated range of issue preferences, some of them so strong that they are not traded off for their preferred redistribution and European Union integration positions, respectively. The findings shed light on trade‐offs related to emerging issues such as climate change and the distinct logics behind support for radical parties. They also have implications for the electoral prospects of mainstream and radical parties when trying to reposition themselves in the diversifying issue space of contemporary democracies. As such, understanding how voters navigate issue cross‐pressures helps to explain the broader dynamics that are (re)configuring political conflict and voting behaviour in Europe.
Effects of one‐hour discussion on the choice of dialysis modality at the outpatient clinic: A retrospective cohort study using propensity score matching
Authors: Sakurada Tsutomu , Koitabashi Kenichiro , Murasawa Masaru , Kohatsu Kaori , Kojima Shigeki , Shibagaki Yugo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of one‐hour discussion on the choice of dialysis modality at the outpatient clinic.MethodsCharts of consecutive patients who had started maintenance dialysis from May 2013 to April 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Characteristics at the start of dialysis were compared between patients participated and not participated in the discussion.ResultsOf the 620 incident dialysis patients, 128 patients had participated in the discussion. After propensity score matching (1:1), 127 patients who participated in the discussion tended to have fewer urgent hospitalizations (13.4% vs. 21.3%, p = 0.068). In addition, more patients who initiated peritoneal dialysis (PD) (30.7% vs. 9.4%, p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, participation in the discussion (OR 4.81, 95% CI 2.807–8.24; p < 0.001) was related to PD initiation.ConclusionOne‐hour discussion on the choice of dialysis modality may increase PD initiations and decrease the number of urgent hospitalizations.
The E262K mutation in Lamin A links nuclear proteostasis imbalance to laminopathy‐associated premature aging
Authors: Ghosh Debasish Kumar , Pande Shruti , Kumar Jeevan , Yesodharan Dhanya , Nampoothiri Sheela , Radhakrishnan Periyasamy , Reddy Chilakala Gangi , Ranjan Akash , Girisha Katta M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDeleterious, mostly de novo, mutations in the lamin A (LMNA) gene cause spatio‐functional nuclear abnormalities that result in several laminopathy‐associated progeroid conditions. In this study, exome sequencing in a sixteen‐year‐old male with manifestations of premature aging led to the identification of a mutation, c.784G>A, in LMNA, resulting in a missense protein variant, p.Glu262Lys (E262K), that aggregates in nucleoplasm. While bioinformatic analyses reveal the instability and pathogenicity of LMNAE262K, local unfolding of the mutation‐harboring helical region drives the structural collapse of LMNAE262K into aggregates. The E262K mutation also disrupts SUMOylation of lysine residues by preventing UBE2I binding to LMNAE262K, thereby reducing LMNAE262K degradation, aggregated LMNAE262K sequesters nuclear chaperones, proteasomal proteins, and DNA repair proteins. Consequently, aggregates of LMNAE262K disrupt nuclear proteostasis and DNA repair response. Thus, we report a structure–function association of mutant LMNAE262K with toxicity, which is consistent with the concept that loss of nuclear proteostasis causes early aging in laminopathies.
The role of the endocannabinoid system in tooth eruption: An ex vivo study
Authors: Casadoumecq Ana Clara , Fernández‐Solari José Javier , Elverdin Juan Carlos , Rodríguez Pablo Alejandro , Mohn Claudia Ester 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aim was to characterise the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the dental pulp of teeth at different stages of eruption. Pulp of: erupted premolars (EPM), third molars in pre‐eruptive (PThM), intraosseous (IThM) and eruptive stages (EThM) (n = 12 each group) were used. Messenger RNA expression of components of the ECS as cannabinoid receptors (CBr1 and CBr2), and anandamide synthetizing (NAPE–PLD) and degradation (FAAH) enzymes were measured by RT–PCR. Data were analysed using Student's t‐test for comparisons between two groups and one‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's post‐test for multiple comparisons (statistical significance: p < 0.05). mRNA expression of CBr2, NAPE–PLD and FAAH was similar in the studied stages, was lower in IThM than in PThM and EThM, and the lowest in EThM (p < 0.01); of note, CBr2 mRNA expression was not detected in EThM. CBr1 mRNA did not differ significantly between IThM and PThM but was lower in EThM (p < 0.01). The absence of CBr2 and presence of CBr1 in EThM suggest the involvement of the ECS via CBr1 as a mediator of tooth and bone tissue homeostasis during tooth eruption.
Stuck in the mud? Finding the glee in all fieldworking bodies
Authors: Rose Morag 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper is an invited response to Bracken and Mawdsley's 2004 paper ‘“Muddy glee”: Rounding out the picture of women and physical geography fieldwork’. It offers a personal account of fieldwork experiences with particular emphasis on embodied gendered experiences of a Disabled geographer. It calls for a holistic approach to access and inclusion in fieldwork.
Increased diversity of the species pool via seeding augments establishment of native species in experimental vacant‐lot restorations
Authors: Swan Christopher M. , Borowy Dorothy , Johnson Anna L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractQuestionThe harsh geophysical template characterized by the urban environment combined with people's choices has led ecologists to invoke environmental filtering as the main ecological phenomenon explaining urban biodiversity patterns. Yet, dispersal is often overlooked as a driving factor, especially on expanding vacant land. Does overcoming dispersal limitation by seeding native species in urban environments and increasing the functional or phylogenetic diversity of the seeding pool increase native plant species diversity and abundance in urban vacant land?LocationBaltimore, Maryland, USA.MethodsWe took an experimental approach to learn how different dimensions of plant biodiversity within a regional species pool augmented via seed additions, can explain variation in community structure over a three‐year period. Vacant lots were cleared and manipulated with seeding treatments of high or low phylogenetic and functional diversities from a pool of 28 native species. Establishment success, total native cover and native‐species richness were followed and compared to cleared, unseeded control lots as well as unmanipulated lots.ResultsSeeding increased native plant abundance and richness over uncleared plots, as well as cleared and unseeded control plots. Phylogenetically diverse seed mixtures had greater establishment success than mixtures composed of closely related species. Diversifying seed mixtures increased the likelihood of including species that are better able to establish on vacant land. However, there were no differences in varying levels of either functional or phylogenetic diversity.ConclusionsAugmenting the regional species pool via diverse seed mixtures can enhance native plant cover and richness under the harsh environmental conditions conferred by land abandonment.
Media visibility and corporate social responsibility investment evidence in Spain
Authors: Bona‐Sánchez Carolina , Pérez‐Alemán Jerónimo , Santana‐Martín Domingo Javier 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite the extensive research in both the determinants and the results of corporate social responsibility (CSR), relatively few studies have considered extra‐legal institutions as potential determinants of CSR. Our work fills this gap by looking at how media attention affects CSR over a long‐term period in a continental European setting. Our results show that media coverage positively affects CSR. Additional scrutiny triggered by media coverage encourages dominant owners to signal their commitment to limiting self‐dealing transactions and their orientation toward stakeholders' needs through CSR investments. Additionally, our results reveal that this signaling device offers greater benefits and lower costs in firms where controlling owners show a voting‐cash flow wedge. Our results are relevant to different actors such as investors, auditors, and policy makers as they provide solid evidence that media coverage is an important driver of CSR orientation in a continental European setting.
The influence of popular media characters on children's object choices
Authors: Vanderbilt Kimberly E. , Andreason Charlene 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChildren often prefer objects and food packaging bearing images of popular media characters. However, it is unclear what factors may influence this. This study investigated whether depictions of popular media characters on high‐quality (brand new) and low‐quality (dirty, broken) objects influenced 3‐ to 4‐year‐old children's (N = 84) object preferences, as well as which objects children selected to help them complete a functional task (e.g., using a bucket to transport several small items). We also investigated whether children's preferences were related to inhibitory control. We found children's preferences were influenced by images of popular characters, but not their choice of objects for functional use. Instead, children relied on object quality when selecting an object to complete a task. Inhibitory control was not related to children's object choices. These results suggest children may weigh object features differently when making decisions for different purposes.
Does defending victimized peers put youth at risk of being victimized?
Authors: Malamut Sarah T. , Trach Jessica , Garandeau Claire F. , Salmivalli Christina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDefending peers who have been bullied is often thought to put defenders at risk of becoming victimized themselves. The study investigated the concurrent and prospective associations between defending and (peer‐ and self‐reported) victimization, and examined popularity and classroom norms as potential moderators. Participants included 4085 Finnish youth (43.9% boys; Mage = 14.56, SD = .75; 97% born in Finland). Concurrently, defending was positively associated with self‐reported victimization in classrooms with high bullying‐popularity norms (b = .28, SE = .16). Defending was negatively associated with peer‐reported victimization in classrooms with high defending‐popularity norms (b = −.07, SE = .03). Defending was not significantly associated with future victimization, suggesting that it is generally not a risk factor for victimization.
Delineation of the clinical profile of CNOT2 haploinsufficiency and overview of the IDNADFS phenotype
Authors: Niceta Marcello , Pizzi Simone , Inzana Francesca , Peron Angela , Bakhtiari Somayeh , Nizon Mathilde , Levy Jonathan , Mancini Cecilia , Cogné Benjamin , Radio Francesca Clementina , Agolini Emanuele , Cocciadiferro Dario , Novelli Antonio , Salih Mustafa A. , Recalcati Maria Paola , Arancio Rosangela , Besnard Marianne , Tabet Anne‐Claude , Kruer Michael C. , Priolo Manuela , Dallapiccola Bruno , Tartaglia Marco 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCNOT2 haploinsufficiency underlies a rare neurodevelopmental disorder named Intellectual Developmental disorder with NAsal speech, Dysmorphic Facies, and variable Skeletal anomalies (IDNADFS, OMIM 618608). The condition clinically overlaps with chromosome 12q15 deletion syndrome, suggesting a major contribution of CNOT2 haploinsufficiency to the latter. CNOT2 is a member of the CCR4‐NOT complex, which is a master regulator of multiple cellular processes, including gene expression, RNA deadenylation, and protein ubiquitination. To date, less than 20 pathogenic 12q15 microdeletions encompassing CNOT2, together with a single truncating variant of the gene, and two large intragenic deletions have been reported. Due to the small number of affected subjects described so far, the clinical profile of IDNADFS has not been fully delineated. Here we report five unrelated individuals, three of which carrying de novo intragenic CNOT2 variants, one presenting with a multiexon intragenic deletion, and an additional case of 12q15 microdeletion syndrome. Finally, we assess the features of IDNADFS by reviewing published and present affected individuals and reevaluate the clinical phenotype of this neurodevelopmental disorder.
Ethics committees and shaping of children's participation in qualitative educational research in Chile
Authors: Armijo Muriel , Willatt Carlos 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we address the relationship between ethics committees and children involved in qualitative educational research in Chile. In light of a central and recurring challenge (protection versus participation) and its implications, we reflect on informed consent as an instrument that embodies the power of ethics committees within the research process. We inform this reflection with extracts of visual ethnographic fieldwork carried out in 2017 in a marginalised school in Santiago, Chile, with children aged from 8 to 13. We draw on the principles of the Belmont Report (respect, beneficence, justice) to contrast procedural with situated ethics.
Combined impacts of future climate‐driven vegetation changes and socioeconomic pressures on protected areas in Africa
Authors: Martens Carola , Scheiter Simon , Midgley Guy F. , Hickler Thomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAfrica's protected areas (PAs) are the last stronghold of the continent's unique biodiversity, but they appear increasingly threatened by climate change, substantial human population growth, and land‐use change. Conservation planning is challenged by uncertainty about how strongly and where these drivers will interact over the next few decades. We investigated the combined future impacts of climate‐driven vegetation changes inside African PAs and human population densities and land use in their surroundings for 2 scenarios until the end of the 21st century. We used the following 2 combinations of the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) and representative greenhouse gas concentration pathways (RCPs): the “middle‐of‐the‐road” scenario SSP2–RCP4.5 and the resource‐intensive “fossil‐fueled development” scenario SSP5–RCP8.5. Climate change impacts on tree cover and biome type (i.e., desert, grassland, savanna, and forest) were simulated with the adaptive dynamic global vegetation model (aDGVM). Under both scenarios, most PAs were adversely affected by at least 1 of the drivers, but the co‐occurrence of drivers was largely region and scenario specific. The aDGVM projections suggest considerable climate‐driven tree cover increases in PAs in today's grasslands and savannas. For PAs in West Africa, the analyses revealed climate‐driven vegetation changes combined with hotspots of high future population and land‐use pressure. Except for many PAs in North Africa, future decreases in population and land‐use pressures were rare. At the continental scale, SSP5–RCP8.5 led to higher climate‐driven changes in tree cover and higher land‐use pressure, whereas SSP2–RCP4.5 was characterized by higher future population pressure. Both SSP–RCP scenarios implied increasing challenges for conserving Africa's biodiversity in PAs. Our findings underline the importance of developing and implementing region‐specific conservation responses. Strong mitigation of future climate change and equitable development scenarios would reduce ecosystem impacts and sustain the effectiveness of conservation in Africa.