bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Dorsal CA2 to Ventral CA1 Circuit Contributes to Oxytocinergic Modulation of Long-Term Social Recognition Memory
Authors: Tsai Tsung-Chih , Fang Yi-Syuan , Hung Yu-Chieh , Hung Ling-Chien , Hsu Kuei-Sen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Social recognition memory (SRM) is the ability to distinguish familiar from novel conspecifics and is crucial for survival and reproductive success across social species. We previously reported that oxytocin (OXT) receptor (OXTR) signaling in the CA2/CA3a of dorsal hippocampus is essential to promote the persistence of long-term SRM, yet how the endogenous OXT system influences CA2 outputs to regulate long-term SRM formation remains unclear. Here, using a transgenic mouse line (Amigo2-Cre) that expresses the Cre recombinase predominantly in CA2 pyramidal neurons, we show that selective ablation of Oxtr in the CA2 (Oxtr−/−) suffices to impair the persistence of long-term SRM but has no effect on sociability and social novelty preference in the three-chamber paradigm test. We find that cell-type specific activation of OXT neurons within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus enhances long-term SRM and this enhancement is blocked by local application of OXTR antagonist L-368,899 into dorsal hippocampal CA2 (dCA2) region. In addition, chemogenetic neuronal silencing in dCA2 demonstrated that neuronal activity is essential for forming long-term SRM. Moreover, chemogenetic terminal-specific inactivation revealed a crucial role for dCA2 outputs to ventral CA1 (vCA1), but not dorsal lateral septum, in long-term SRM. Finally, targeted activation of the dCA2-to-vCA1 circuit effectively ameliorated long-term SRM deficit observed in Oxtr−/− mice. Together, these findings highlight the importance of hippocampal CA2 OXTR signaling in governing the persistence of long-term SRM and identify a hippocampal circuit linking dCA2 to vCA1 necessary for controlling long-term SRM formation.
The Relationship Between Degeneration and Asymmetry of the Lumbar Multifidus and Erector Spinae Muscles in Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation with and Without Root Compression
Authors: Yazici Alikemal , Yerlikaya Tuba 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Determination of muscle pathologies in lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and other cases with low back pain is important for the understanding of low back problems and the determination of appropriate treatment methods. The aim of the current study was to compare degeneration and asymmetry of the lumbar musculus multifidus (MF) and lumbar musculus erector spinae (ES) muscles with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with lumbar discopathy with and without radiculopathy. Material and Method: The patients were examined in 2 groups as 56 patients with lumbar discopathy and no radiculopathy (Non-rad group) and 51 patients with lumbar discopathy and radiculopathy (Rad group). On axial MRI slices passing the centre of the disc at L3-S1 level, the asymmetry, CSA, fat infiltration, and total CSA (TCSA=MF+ES) of the MF and ES muscles were measured and compared. Results: No difference was seen between the groups in respect of the CSA values of the right and left MF and left ES, and a significant difference was determined in the right ES CSA (p=0.021). The CSA and TCSA of the MF and ES showed no asymmetry according to the groups. Severe fat infiltration of >50% was determined in the Rad group at a higher rate than in the Non-rad group in the right and left MF and left ES. Fat infiltration was determined to be significantly correlated with age, body mass index, and duration of pain (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.004) and was not correlated with pain severity. Conclusion: The study results showed a correlation between LDH and paraspinal muscle degeneration, while no correlation was determined with asymmetry. It can be considered that severe (>50%) fat infiltration is associated with nerve root compression, originating from the development of more severe degeneration because of the denervation associated with the compression. Therefore, it can be recommended that immediate correction of nerve root compression with appropriate medical treatment methods to stop and correct denervation is applied, and in non-responsive cases, surgical elimination of the pressure.
Perspectives on assistive technology for improving gait performance of children with Cerebral Palsy in daily-life: requirements,needs and wishes
Authors: Bayón Cristina , Hoorn Marleen , Barrientos Antonio , Rocon Eduardo , Trost Joyce P. , Asseldonk Edwin H.F. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) are extensively used as a primary management method to assist walking and ambulation of children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). However, there are certain barriers that hinder their prescription and as well as their use as a mobility device in all kinds of daily-life activities. This research attempts to further understand the existing limitations of current AFOs to promote a better personalization of new design solutions.Methods: Stakeholder (professionals in CP and end-users with CP) perspectives on AFO technology were collected by two online surveys. Respondents evaluated the limitations of current assistive solutions and assessment methods, provided their expectations towards a new AFO design, and analyzed importance of different design features and metrics to enrich the gait performance of these patients in daily-life. Quantitative responses were rated and compared with respect to their perceived importance. Qualitative responses were classified into themes by using content analysis. Results: 130 survey responses from ten countries were analyzed, 94 from professionals and 36 from end-users with CP. The most highly rated design features by both stakeholder groups were the comfort and the ease of putting on and taking off the assistive device. In general, professionals preferred new features to enrich the independence of the patient by improving gait at functional levels. Responses from end-users also considered their social acceptance and participation. Health-care professionals reported a lack of confidence concerning decision-making about AFO prescription. The relation between the type of assistance required to each pathological gait was not straightforward, and they agreed that more information about patients’ day-today walking performance would be beneficial. Conclusion: This research emphasizes the importance of developing new approaches to assess and treat CP gait in daily-life situations. The stakeholders’ needs and criteria reported here may serve as insights for the design of future assistive devices and for the follow-up care of these patients.
Is there decreased activation of deep gray matter structures in multiple sclerosis before cognitive impairment occurs?
Authors: Berghoff Martin , Wagner Bianca , Härig Clara L. , Walter Bertram , Sommer Jens , Sammer Gebhard 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Cognitive impairments related to changes in the deep gray matter (DGM) and other brain regions occur in up to 70% of patients with multiple sclerosis. Are such brain changes preceded by cognitive decline in patients without clinically evident cognitive impairment? Eighteen participants with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and 15 healthy controls took part in this study. Cognitive deficits, depression and fatigue were assessed using the MUSIC test, BDI-II and FSS. FMRI was performed while the participant performed the modified attention network test (ANT). The main analysis concerned the effects of ANT task complexity on the hemodynamic activation of DGMs, including the hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), thalamus, caudate nucleus, pallidum, and putamen. The individual lesion burden was estimated. The group with RRMS showed decreased activation with increasing task complexity in hippocampus, pallidum, and ACC compared to the control group. The thalamus was involved in both group activations but did not differ between groups. Functional changes in the DGM can be detected in RRMS patients before cognitive deficits appear. The affected DGM regions can best be assigned to the Attention Network for Executive Control. This association could serve as a biological indicator of cognitive impairment in MS.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of Hestina assimilis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) provides sights to the saprophagy in brush-footed butterfly
Authors: zhao lu , Wang Hang , Dan Zhicuo , Xu Sheng-Quan , Guan De-Long 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: While most adult butterflies are nectarivores, some brush-footed species evolved saprophagy. High-quality genomes will provide a backbone for untangling this unique feeding strategy's genetic mechanism and evolutionary history. Results: We assembled a chromosome-level genome for a typical saprophagous butterfly species, Hestina assimilis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). The assembled genome was 423.87 Mb long with the scaffold N50 of 15.84 Mb, and 96.2% scaffolds were anchored onto 30 chromosomes. The BUSCO (version 5.2.2, lineage insecta) completeness was 99.3%. We predicted 16,815 coding genes and found that 46.37% of the genome were repetitive sequences. The populations of H. assimilis increased dramatically after the last interglacial period of the Pleistocene. Comparative genomics analysis showed that H. assimilis clustered with another saprophagous species, Vanessa tameamea, and they diverged from a nectarivorous butterfly species, Heliconius erato, approximately 78.4 million years ago, suggesting that the transition to saprophagy was an ancient evolutionary event. The unique and significantly expanded gene families were relevant to feeding strategies and food intake functions, such as digestion, detoxification, chemoreception, immunity, nerves and development. The expansion events were also involved in processes of acid chemical response and alcohol biosynthesis. Furthermore, we detected 23 odorant-binding protein (OBP) genes-- two key antennal OBP genes, PBP-A and PBP-B, were absent. Conclusions: Our results provided insights into the genetic mechanism of feeding habits as well as provides an important resource for future butterfly genome sequencing projects.
Disorganized speech in autism spectrum disorder: part of the problems in social pragmatic communication and verbal intelligence
Authors: Idris Sakinah , Louwerse Anneke , Ende Jan van der , Hillegers Manon , Haren Neeltje van , Greaves-Lord Kirstin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background & Aims: Disorganized speech (DS) refers to the failure to communicate coherently. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show disorganized speech, such as abrupt topic changes. Disorganized speech can be explained by 1) social pragmatic communication difficulties (SPCD) or 2) social cognition problems (SCP). Methods: We tested whether children with ASD and severe disorganized speech differed from those with mild or no disorganized speech, using parent’s report on SPCD and tested SCP (i.e., Theory of Mind; ToM). A total of 62 children with ASD (aged 7-12 years) were included, 12 with severe disorganized speech, 32 with mild, and 18 with no disorganized speech. The disorganized speech was assessed using the Kiddie-Formal Thought Disorder Rating Scale (KFTDS). SPCD was measured using the parent-reported Children’s Communication Checklist (CCC). SCP was measured using a first-order false-belief task. Results: Children with severely disorganized speech showed significantly more inappropriate initiations and less coherence. No significant group differences were found in the false belief task, even after included verbal IQ as a covariate in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: These findings may contribute to the conceptualization of autistic communication difficulties which may guide intervention optimizations. Implications: Furthermore, we may consider offering children with ASD and disorganized speech interventions that stimulate and train broader social pragmatic communication skills, social cognition, and verbal ability (i.e., conversational skills).
Dynamic Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction in Dogs Responding to β1-Adrenergic Antagonist Treatment
Authors: Chae Hyung-Kyu , Yoon Won-Kyoung , Lee Seunggon , Youn Hwa-Young 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (DLVOTO) is commonly observed in feline patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but it is less frequent in dogs. DLVOTO observed in young dogs often resolves after β1-adrenergic antagonist treatment. However, due to the lack of reported cases and the absence of a control group, it is difficult to determine whether improvements are due to aging-related changes in ventricular architecture or treatment itself. Thus, we report two cases of DLVOTO confirmed via echocardiography. Case 1 was an 8-month-old female Spitz and Case 2 was a 5-month-old female Cocker Spaniel. A prophylactic β1-adrenergic antagonist was prescribed to reduce the outflow gradient, and echocardiographic changes associated with DLVOTO and consequent left ventricular concentric hypertrophy resolved after β1-blocker prescription. This is the first report to discuss echocardiographic changes in relation to changes in β-blocker dose in canine DLVOTO.
Monitoring and Safety System for Underground Coalmines
Authors: Shrawankar Urmila 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Due to some unfavourable atmosphere in the underground coalmines, it is necessary to prohibit the entry of the workers in to the coalmines. The real-time monitoring system is useful for the primary safety measures. The recent advancements in wireless sensor network leads to advancements in wireless communications. The various sensors at the location sense the environment and provide the recent activities or condition of the underground coalmines. The sensors transmit the acquired data to the base station, primarily the A-D conversion. The sensors can be considered as a node to the base station. Wireless transmission is used to send the data to the user. The designed hardware and the software system is used for identification of the parameters and as per the thresholds the decision of the prohibition of the worker before entry to the mine is decided. The machine learning system is helpful for checking the favourable condition for working in the underground mine. This proposed system will be very helpful to prevent accidents in coalmines.
Brain oscillatory activity in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Rubega Maria , Formaggio Emanuela , Bertuccelli Margherita , Marco Roberto , Cantele Francesca , Gottardello Federica , Giuseppe Michela , Masiero Stefano 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The pathophysiology of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is not yet completely understood, but multi-factorial hypotheses have been proposed including defective central nervous system control of posture, biomechanics alterations and alterations of body schema. AIS could be the expression of a sub-clinical nervous system disorder. The aim of our study was to compare the electroencephalography (EEG) activity in adolescents with AIS and controls, to examine the brain oscillatory changes related to balance control and inquire possibly related body schema representational alterations. Methods: We recorded EEG data and balance data, with arms in both the neutral position and laterally elevated with elbow flexed at 90° (with eyes open and closed), in 14 healthy subjects and in 14 subjects with AIS. A re-adaptation of the Image Marking Procedure (IMP) was used to assess the body schema. Results: Our results revealed no balance control difference between groups; higher EEG alpha relative power over sensorimotor areas ispilateral to the side of the curve and a significant increase of theta relative powers localized over the central areas in AIS participants compared to healthy subjects. The delta body perception index (BPI) score (BPI shoulder minus BPI waist) resulted significantly different between the two groups. The inclinations of the perceived interacromial axes in girls having thoracic principal curve, and bisiliac axes in girls with lumbar principal curve, was opposite to the real inclination. Conclusions: Our results provide evidence of an increased theta activity, a lateralized alpha activity and an altered body schema perception in AIS subjects. Whether these processes are a cause or a consequence of AIS needs to be further investigated.
Ketamine induces delirium-like behavior and interferes with endosomal tau trafficking
Authors: Ren Xinghua , Zhang Siyi , Yang Yongyan , Song Annie , Liang Feng , Zhang Yiying , Dong Yuanlin , Wu Xu , Xie Zhongcong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Ketamine is an anesthetic and antidepressant drug. However, whether ketamine can induce neurotoxicity and neurobehavioral deficits remains largely unknown. Delirium is a syndrome of acute brain dysfunction that is very similar to the presentation after ketamine administration. The onset of postoperative delirium in patients is often accompanied by elevated tau in cerebrospinal fluid. And ketamine may affect endosome, the key organelle for tau release from neurons. Therefore, we set out to determine the effects of ketamine on delirium-like behavior in mice and on tau trafficking in cultured cells.
Methods
We used the buried food test, open field test, and Y-maze test in adult mice to assess the occurrence of delirium-like behavior induced by ketamine. Quantified tau in the serum of mice with delirium-like behavior. And used cell fraction methods to determine the effects of ketamine on tau intracellular transfer, extracellular release and endosomes in cultured cells.
Results
Ketamine induced delirium-like behavior and increased tau in mouse serum. Ketamine treatment also led to increased accumulation of endosomes as evidenced by increased endosomal markers Rab5 and Rab7. Moreover, ketamine inhibited endosome maturation, demonstrated by decreased membrane-bound but increased cytoplasm amounts of Rab5 and Rab7. Consequently, ketamine increased tau in the endosomes of cultured cells and the cell culture medium.
Conclusion
These data suggest that ketamine may interfere with intracellular tau trafficking and induce delirium-like behavior, promoting future research regarding neurotoxicity of anesthetics.
Brain Regions Involved in Fractional Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation in Cluster Headache Patients: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study
Authors: Chen Yun , Xing Xinbo , Qiu Enchao , Dai Wei , Tian Lixia , Dong Zhao , Yu Shengyuan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background:
A limited number of studies have reported on fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) in cluster headache (CH). We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) to assess the possible pathogenic role of fALFF in CH.
Methods:
RS-fMRI scans of 23 patients with CH were obtained (11with left-sided headache and 12 with right-sided headache), along with scans of 23 age- and sex-matched normal controls. The RS-fMRI data were analyzed to explore abnormal brain activity in the left CH and right CH patients during the non-painful state of cluster period. fALFF was compared between patients and controls, and correlation analysis between the regional mean fALFF values and clinical characteristics was performed.
Results:
A decrease in fALFF was detected in the left cerebellum, left lentiform nucleus, left frontal lobe, left anterior cingulate, and right postcentral gyrus in the left CH group compared to the controls, while a decrease of fALFF was detected in the right cerebellum, right cingulate gyrus, right superior parietal lobule, right inferior parietal lobule, right postcentral gyrus, and left precuneus in the right CH group. No patient had a region with increased fALFF. A moderate correlation was observed between some regional mean fALFF values and the clinical characteristics.
Conclusions:
We deduced that dysfunction in multiple brain areas is involved in the non-painful state of CH during cluster period. Several functional networks are involved, such as the default-mode, cerebellar, and somatomotor networks, suggesting that CH is the result of abnormal functioning in multiple brain functional networks.
Synthesis, Leishmanicidal and anticancer activity of 4-(2-keto-1-benzimidazolinyl) piperidine and 5-chloro-1-(4-piperidyl)-2-benzimidazolinone and their derivatives
Authors: Mallick Tabinda Zarreen , Saify Zafar Saied , Haider Shazia , Ashraf Seema , Saeed Iffat , Begum Nasreen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the current study a series of 4-(2-keto-1-benzimidazolinyl) piperidine have been newly synthesized and activities of 5-chloro-1-(4-piperidyl)-2-benzimidazolinone derivatives that is already reported have been tested and compared. Furthermore synthesized derivatives have been characterized by physical and spectral methods (HR-EIMS, HR-FABMS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, UV, and FT-IR). All the derivatives were tested for leishmanicidal and anticancer activities. Results demonstrated that among all the derivatives compounds 4, 9, and 10 exhibited significant cytotoxic effects on HeLa cells and therefore tested at 10, 50 and 100 µM concentrations. Among all the eleven derivatives eight derivatives were found having leishmanicidal activity. Compounds 3, 4 and 10 exhibited significant activity with IC50 values in range of 7.06 ± 0.17 µg/mL − 84.6 ± 0.6 µg/mL. Furthermore, an attempt was made to develop a preliminary structure-activity relationship. Compound 4 found to be most active with IC50 = 7.06 ± 0.17 µg/mL against leishmaniasis. Compounds 4 and 10 possess both leishmanicidal and anticancer activities. From this study we identified a new class of compounds having potent leishmanicidal activity and anticancer activity.