bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hidden surface channel in two-dimensional multilayers
Authors: Seo Youkyung , Kim Soo Yeon , Kim Yeeun , Kim Chulmin , Lee Byung Chul , Park Yoon Hee , Chae Minji , Hong Youjin , Seong Min Kyung , Ko Changhyun , Cresti Alessandro , Theodorou Christoforos , Kim Gyu Tae , Joo Min-Kyu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Numerous carrier scatterers, such as atomic defects, fixed oxide charges, impurities, chemical residues, and undesired surface adsorbates, including oxygen and water molecules, strongly degrade the carrier mobility of atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials. However, the effect of surface adsorbates and surface oxidation on the carrier density profile along the thickness of 2D multilayers is not well known, particularly for a substantial interruption in the formation of the top-surface channel. Here, we uncover a hidden surface channel in p-type black phosphorus and n-type rhenium disulfide multilayers originating from undesired ambient adsorbates and surface oxides that not only populate hole density (or reduce electron density) but also suppress carrier mobility. The absence of a second peak in the transconductance curve under ambient conditions indicates the disappearance of the top-surface channel inside the 2D multilayers, which is a possible indicator for the cleanliness of the top surface and can be used in gas sensor applications. Moreover, the negligible variation in the drain bias polarity-dependent turn-on voltage for the bottom channel under ambient conditions validates the exclusive contribution of surface adsorbates to the formation of the top channel in 2D multilayers. Our results provide a novel insight into the distinct carrier transport in 2D optoelectronic devices and diverse sensors.
FBDNN: filter banks and deep neural networks for portable and fast brain-computer interfaces
Authors: Bassi Pedro R A S , Attux Romis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective. To propose novel SSVEP classification methodologies using deep neural networks (DNNs) and improve performances in single-channel and user-independent brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) with small data lengths. Approach. We propose the utilization of filter banks (creating sub-band components of the EEG signal) in conjunction with DNNs. In this context, we created three different models: a recurrent neural network (FBRNN) analyzing the time domain, a 2D convolutional neural network (FBCNN-2D) processing complex spectrum features and a 3D convolutional neural network (FBCNN-3D) analyzing complex spectrograms, which we introduce in this study as possible input for SSVEP classification. We tested our neural networks on three open datasets and conceived them so as not to require calibration from the final user, simulating a user-independent BCI. Results. The DNNs with the filter banks surpassed the accuracy of similar networks without this preprocessing step by considerable margins, and they outperformed common SSVEP classification methods (SVM and FBCCA) by even higher margins. Conclusion and significance. Filter banks allow different types of deep neural networks to more efficiently analyze the harmonic components of SSVEP. Complex spectrograms carry more information than complex spectrum features and the magnitude spectrum, allowing the FBCNN-3D to surpass the other CNNs. The performances obtained in the challenging classification problems indicates a strong potential for the construction of portable, economical, fast and low-latency BCIs.
Resveratrol pretreatment protects neurons from oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation and ischemic injury through inhibiting ferroptosis
Authors: Zhu Huimin , Huang Jiagui , Chen Yue , Li Xuemei , Wen Jun , Tian Mingfen , Ren Jiangxia , Zhou Li , Yang Qin 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Ferroptosis, a newly discovered iron-dependent cell death, is involved in brain ischemia–reperfusion injury. Iron scavengers or ferroptosis inhibitors could reduce infarct volume and improve neurological function in mice. Resveratrol has neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects. However, it is unclear whether resveratrol can play a neuroprotective role via inhibiting ferroptosis. Our study showed that resveratrol pretreatment had a similar effect with ferrostatin‑1, which inhibited neuronal ferroptosis-related changes, such as iron overload, damages of oxidation-reduction system, and destruction of mitochondrial structure, after oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and application of ferroptosis inducers. In addition, middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) injury in vivo also induced ferroptosis, and resveratrol pretreatment could inhibit ferroptosis and reduce degenerative neurons, cerebral ischemic damage and infarction volume. Our results are the first to indicate that resveratrol pretreatment might inhibit ferroptosis induced by OGD/R and ferroptosis inducers in neurons, and MCAO/R in rats.
Hyperandrogenism diminishes maternal–fetal fatty acid transport by increasing FABP4-mediated placental lipid accumulation
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Kathirvel , Mishra Jay S , Ross Jordan R , Abbott David H , Kumar Sathish 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) are critical for fetal brain development. Infants born to preeclamptic mothers or those born growth restricted due to placental insufficiency have reduced LCPUFA and are at higher risk for developing neurodevelopmental disorders. Since plasma levels of testosterone (T) and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) are elevated in preeclampsia, we hypothesized that elevated T induces the expression of FABP4 in the placenta leading to compromised transplacental transport of LCPUFAs. Increased maternal T in pregnant rats significantly decreased n-3 and n-6 LCPUFA levels in maternal and fetal circulation, but increased their placental accumulation. Dietary LCPUFAs supplementation in T dams increased LCPUFA levels in the maternal circulation and further augmented placental storage, while failing to increase fetal levels. The placenta in T dams exhibited increased FABP4 mRNA and protein levels. In vitro, T dose-dependently upregulated FABP4 transcription in trophoblasts. Testosterone stimulated androgen receptor (AR) recruitment to the androgen response element and trans-activated FABP4 promoter activity, both of which were abolished by AR antagonist. Testosterone in pregnant rats and cultured trophoblasts significantly reduced transplacental transport of C14-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and increased C14-DHA accumulation in the placenta. Importantly, FABP4 overexpression by itself in pregnant rats and trophoblasts increased transplacental transport of C14-DHA with no significant placental accumulation. Testosterone exposure, in contrast, inhibited this FABP4-mediated effect by promoting C14-DHA placental accumulation.
Dam parity structure and body condition during lactation influence piglet growth and gilt sexual maturation through pre-finishing
Authors: Rempel Lea A , Keel Brittney N , Oliver William T , Wells James E , Lents Clay A , Nonneman Dan J , Rohrer Gary A 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEnergy demands during lactation greatly influence sow body condition and piglet performance. We hypothesized that primiparous sows or sows with reduced body condition would produce piglets with reduced growth and delayed sexual maturation. Eight weekly farrowing seasons were used to evaluate sow body condition (post-farrowing, PF and weaning, WN) and piglet growth from 157 dams. Body condition was measured at PF and WN using sow calipers (last rib and hip) and 10th rib ultrasound. Sows were categorized as thin, moderate, or fat by caliper (PF or WN). Individual pig weights were recorded on approximately 1, 10, WN, 45, 100, and 145 d of age. At 100 and 145 d of age, 10th-rib backfat and loin eye area were measured on 567 pigs and first estrus was monitored in 176 gilts reserved for breeding selection beginning at approximately 170 d of age. Sows had similar (P &gt; 0.10) PF last rib caliper measurements but at WN, first parity sows had the smallest caliper measurements compared to other parities (P &lt; 0.05). Parities 1, 2, and 3 sows had similar (P &gt; 0.10) loin eye area at PF; however, at WN first parity sows had the smallest loin eye area (P &lt; 0.05; 38.2 ± 0.63 cm2). Parity 1 sows had the greatest (P &lt; 0.05) reduction of backfat and loin eye area over the lactation period (−2.9 ± 0.31 mm and −2.6 ± 0.49 cm2, respectively). At 1 d of age and WN, piglets from first parity sows weighed the least (P &lt; 0.05) but were the heaviest (P &lt; 0.05) at 100 and 145 d of age. Pigs from first parity litters had larger (P &lt; 0.05) loin eye area at 100 and 145 d of age and greater backfat (P &lt; 0.05) at 145 d of age. Fat sows at WN (last rib or hip) had the lightest (P &lt; 0.05) piglets at 10 d of age and WN. However, at 45 d of age, piglets from fat sows (last rib or hip) were heavier (P &lt; 0.05) than piglets from moderate and thin sows. Tenth rib backfat at 100 and 145 d of age tended (P &lt; 0.10) to be less in pigs reared by thin sows (PF and WN hip). Tenth rib loin eye area was similar among pigs reared by fat, moderate, or thin sows. Gilts developed in litters from fourth parity sows had (P &lt; 0.05) delayed age at puberty in contrast to gilts from first or third parity sows (200.9 ± 4.96 d vs. 189.0 ± 2.29 d and 187.5 ± 2.84 d, respectively). Although progeny body weights were typically less from first parity dams through 45 d of age, these progeny were similar or heavier at 100 and 145 d of age in contrast to progeny from other parities. Furthermore, gilt progeny from first parity dams did not have delayed pubertal attainment.
Out-of-Pocket Costs for Colposcopy Among Commercially Insured Women From 2006 to 2019
Authors: Fendrick A. Mark , Dalton Vanessa K. , Tilea Anca , Malone Anita M. , Moniz Michelle H. 
Published: March 2022

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2022;139:113–115)
Colposcopy is an evidence-based, recommended procedure for women with an abnormal initial cervical cancer screening test result. Cervical cancer screening modalities, including Papanicolaou testing and human papillomavirus testing, are covered by the Affordable Care Act without consumer cost sharing for average-risk, age-eligible women.
Fertility Status Among Long-Term Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Survivors Enrolled Between 1971 and 1998 in EORTC CLG Studies: Results of the 58 Late Adverse Effects Study
Authors: Rossi Giovanna , Kicinski Michal , Suciu Stefan , Vandecruys Els , Plat Geneviève , Uyttebroeck Anne , Paillard Catherine , Barbati Mélissa , Dresse Marie-Françoise , Simon Pauline , Minckes Odile , Pluchart Claire , Ferster Alina , Freycon Claire , Millot Frederic , van der Werff ten Bosch Jutte , Chantrain Christophe , Paulus Robert , de Rojas Teresa , de Schaetzen Gaetan , Rohrlich Pierre , Benoit Yves , Piette Caroline 
Published: March 2022

(Abstracted from Hum Reprod 2022;37:44–53)
Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has an expected cure rate of greater than 90%, reflecting a vast improvement in diagnosis and treatment over the last 40 years. Fertility impairment is among the chief concerns of long-term survivors because of possible damage to reproductive organs or hormonal balance stemming from treatment.
Genome-Wide Cell-Free DNA Screening: A Focus on Copy-Number Variants
Authors: Rafalko Jill , Soster Erica , Caldwell Samantha , Almasri Eyad , Westover Thomas , Weinblatt Vivian , Cacheris Philip 
Published: March 2022

(Abstracted from Genet Med 2021;23:1847–1853)
In 2015, a study found that traditional cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening had the capability to detect approximately 70% to 80% of the karyotypic abnormalities identified in fetuses and infants. The remaining 20% to 30% that are missed include clinically relevant findings such as subchromosomal deletions and duplications, rare autosomal aneuploidies, and polyploidy, representing an area of growth for prenatal screening tests, and genome-wide cfDNA screening is now available.
The Natural History of Trisomy 21: Outcome Data From a Large Tertiary Referral Centre
Authors: O'Connor Clare , Moore Rebecca , McParland Peter , Hughes Heather , Cathcart Barbara , Higgins Shane , Mahony Rhona , Carroll Steve , Walsh Jennifer , McAuliffe Fionnuala 
Published: March 2022

(Abstracted from Fetal Diagn Ther 2021;48:575–581)
Down syndrome (DS) or trisomy 21 (T21) is characterized as the presence of a third copy of chromosome 21. The rate of DS increases with maternal age, and it is the most common aneuploidy in live-born infants.
Impact of Effortful Word Recognition on Supportive Neural Systems Measured by Alpha and Theta Power
Authors: Ryan David B. , Eckert Mark A. , Sellers Eric W. , Schairer Kim S. , McBee Matthew T. , Jones Marissa R. , Smith Sherri L. 
Published: April 2022

Objectives:
The goal of this study was to use theta and alpha electroencephalography (EEG) frequency power and self-report measures to examine performance monitoring, cognitive inhibition, and perceived effort required for speech understanding in noise. It was hypothesized that with a linear increase in word recognition task difficulty, there would be a linear increase in listening effort and word recognition performance would decrease in the challenging conditions. In addition, theta and alpha power would have an inverted U-shape across easy to challenging listening conditions. The inverted U-shape would reflect the neural underpinnings of listening effort that cannot be measured by task performance alone.

Design:
EEG data were collected in 34 normal-hearing adults (18 to 33 years old) during the Words-In-Noise (WIN) test, which was presented in sound field. EEG frequency data were averaged and analyzed at three frontal channels for theta power (4 to 8 Hz), which is thought to reflect performance monitoring, and three parietal channels for alpha power (8 to 12 Hz), which is thought to reflect cognitive inhibition. A ten-point visual analog scale was administered after each WIN signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) condition to capture self-reported required and invested listening effort (RLE and ILE, respectively). The WIN SNR conditions were presented in descending and random order.

Results:
The SNR presentation (descending or random SNR) had a null effect on word recognition performance; however, presentation did have an effect on theta power, alpha power, and ILE. When controlling for presentation, there were significant effects of SNR and presentation on both theta and alpha frequency power. Theta and alpha power had an inverted U-shape as a function of SNR from easy to challenging, with peak power in the moderate SNR conditions. RLE and ILE both significantly increased as task difficulty increased as expected; however, RLE showed a stronger relation to task performance than ILE. Alpha power was a significant predictor of RLE, ILE, and WIN performance when controlling for SNR.

Conclusions:
The elevated theta and alpha power in the easy to moderate SNRs and alpha power predicting self-reported listening effort suggest the activation of supportive neural systems during word recognition that could be considered a marker of listening effort. Moreover, the measures of neural support systems and listening effort were independent from task performance, which is a key element to further understanding the neural bases for listening effort. In the context of the broader literature, these results are consistent with (1) a parietal alpha role in supporting inhibitory control to suppress irrelevant information and (2) a frontal theta role in supporting performance monitoring in difficult listening conditions where speech recognition is feasible.
Supine versus prone percutaneous nephrolithotomy for renal calculi: Our experience
Authors: Mulay Abhirudra , Mane Deepak , Mhaske Sunil , Shah Avreen S. , Krishnappa Deepak , Sabale Vilas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives:
To compare operative times, safety, and effectiveness of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the supine versus the prone position.

Materials and methods:
An observational study of 100 patients was conducted in our institution for 2years from 2018 to 2020 divided into 2 groups: 50 patients underwent modified supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and 50 patients underwent standard prone PCNL. The inclusion criteria included a renal calculus (calyx or pelvis) of any size for which PCNL was indicated and exclusion criteria were patients having contraindications for PCNL such as bleeding disorders, pregnancy, high risk, and co-morbid conditions. The measured data included operative time, number of punctures, stone-free rate, length of hospital stays, and rate of complications.

Results:
The 2 groups were comparable in mean age, male to female ratio, calculus size, number of punctures, residual calculi, and postoperative fever and pain. The mean difference of hemoglobin in the supine PCNL group was 0.37 g/dL whereas in the prone PCNL group it was 0.61 g/dL. The p value was significant at 0.043. The mean time to finish from initial postion was 72.24 minutes in supine PCNL and 88.12 minutes in prone PCNL. The p value was significant (p < 0.001). The mean time before puncture was 20.92 minutes in the supine position and 31.84 minutes in the prone position. The p value was significant (p < 0.001). The mean time from puncture to finish was 51.32 minutes in the supine position and 56.28 minutes in the prone position. The p value was significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
As observed from this study, supine PCNL is associated with a significantly reduced operating time when compared to conventional prone position PCNL procedures. The postoperative complications such as pain and fever were not significantly different. Hence, the supine PCNL is an equally effective modality for treatment of a renal calculus with benefits of simultaneous retrograde access and less operative time compared to the prone PCNL.
The Importance of Accessible Language for Development in Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children
Authors: Spellun Arielle , Shearer Eliot , Fitzpatrick Kaitlyn , Salamy Nicole , Landsman Rachel , Wiley Susan , Augustyn Marilyn 
Published: March 2022

CASE:
Brady is a 5-year-old boy who was seen in a multidisciplinary clinic for evaluation of deaf and hard of hearing children. Brady was born full-term after an uncomplicated pregnancy. He was referred for audiological evaluation after his newborn hearing screen and was diagnosed with a severe-to-profound bilateral sensorineural hearing difference at age 6 months. He has no other medical history.
Brady was referred for developmental evaluation after completing his medical workup and cochlear implantation at an outside institution. No etiologic cause of his hearing difference was identified, and his diagnosis was presumed to be genetic and nonsyndromic. He had previously undergone right cochlear implantation at age 14 months and left cochlear implantation at age 23 months. Brady received speech and language therapy, with an emphasis on spoken language through early intervention, and met all motor and social milestones at appropriate times. Despite therapy, he continued to show delays in meeting language and communication milestones. Given concerns over persistent language delays after cochlear implantation, he underwent an interdisciplinary speech, language, and psychological evaluation at 3 years 4 months old. At the time of his evaluation, he was noted to have robust social skills but significantly delayed expressive and receptive language skills with language use limited to single words.
After the initial evaluation, he was enrolled at a school for the deaf with instruction provided in both spoken English and American Sign Language. In follow-up evaluation at age 4 years 8 months, Brady was described as happy, cooperative, and eager to connect socially. It was noted that he had age-appropriate visual spatial cognitive and motor skills and had made some gains compared with prior assessments in both spoken and sign language. Notably, however, his language abilities and most areas of adaptive living skills remained below what would be expected by his developmental age and in some domains plateaued compared with prior assessments. He was able to produce some words and signs and responded to all prompts using only single words or signs and gestures. Brady's parents present today to your multidisciplinary clinic asking to understand why his language has not progressed further and to learn how they can help him reach his full potential.
Evaluation of a Highly Efficient Multidrug Biochip Array Technology for a Simultaneous and High-Throughput Urine Drug Screening in Clinical and Toxicological Settings
Authors: Castaneto Marisol S. , Huang Chihyon , Capps Duriza , Ke Pucheng , VanZile Michael , Calero Eva 
Published: March 2022

Background:
A high-throughput and highly efficient analytical platform for urine drug screening is critical in both clinical and forensic settings. Mass spectrometry (MS) has better sensitivity and specificity than conventional immunoassays (IA); however, not all laboratories have the necessary resources and workforce to operate MS. The goal of this study was to evaluate a multidrug biochip with 20 discrete testing regions (DTRs) for high-throughput urine drug screening (UDS).

Methods:
The Randox DOA Ultra Urine (DOAULT URN) biochip employs chemiluminescent IA to detect various analytes, including stimulants, hallucinogens, sedatives, narcotics, and dextromethorphan. The verification included the evaluation of the limits of detection (LOD), stability of calibrators and controls, cross-reactivity, carryover, interference, and overall performance.

Results:
LODs < quality control low for each DTR. The reconstituted calibrators were stable for up to 2 weeks at −20°C. Controls were stable for 4–6 hours at 22–25°C, with <20% within-day and ≤23% between-day imprecision. The accuracy of the controls (%bias) was within ±20% of the target concentration, except for dextromethorphan at −23.8%. No interference was observed with common over-the-counter medications. No carryover was detected in the high-concentration samples. Satisfactory cross-reactivity (≥50%) with known analytes produced presumptive positive results, with readings higher than the proposed decision points. The overall biochip performance of 165 confirmed samples showed 98.0% sensitivity, 96.9% specificity, and 97.5% efficiency.

Conclusions:
The DOAULT URN biochip is a multidrug analyte IA capable of detecting dozens of parent drugs and their metabolites in urine. It offers clinical and forensic laboratories an alternative UDS tool with LODs comparable to those of MS.