bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing the applicability and performance of Auto ML for potential applications in diagnostic neuroradiology
Authors: Musigmann Manfred , Akkurt Burak Han , Krähling Hermann , Nacul Nabila Gala , Remonda Luca , Sartoretti Thomas , Henssen Dylan , Brokinkel Benjamin , Stummer Walter , Heindel Walter , Mannil Manoj 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo investigate the applicability and performance of automated machine learning (AutoML) for potential applications in diagnostic neuroradiology. In the medical sector, there is a rapidly growing demand for machine learning methods, but only a limited number of corresponding experts. The comparatively simple handling of AutoML should enable even non-experts to develop adequate machine learning models with manageable effort. We aim to investigate the feasibility as well as the advantages and disadvantages of developing AutoML models compared to developing conventional machine learning models. We discuss the results in relation to a concrete example of a medical prediction application. In this retrospective IRB-approved study, a cohort of 107 patients who underwent gross total meningioma resection and a second cohort of 31 patients who underwent subtotal resection were included. Image segmentation of the contrast enhancing parts of the tumor was performed semi-automatically using the open-source software platform 3D Slicer. A total of 107 radiomic features were extracted by hand-delineated regions of interest from the pre-treatment MRI images of each patient. Within the AutoML approach, 20 different machine learning algorithms were trained and tested simultaneously. For comparison, a neural network and different conventional machine learning algorithms were trained and tested. With respect to the exemplary medical prediction application used in this study to evaluate the performance of Auto ML, namely the pre-treatment prediction of the achievable resection status of meningioma, AutoML achieved remarkable performance nearly equivalent to that of a feed-forward neural network with a single hidden layer. However, in the clinical case study considered here, logistic regression outperformed the AutoML algorithm. Using independent test data, we observed the following classification results (AutoML/neural network/logistic regression): mean area under the curve = 0.849/0.879/0.900, mean accuracy = 0.821/0.839/0.881, mean kappa = 0.465/0.491/0.644, mean sensitivity = 0.578/0.577/0.692 and mean specificity = 0.891/0.914/0.936. The results obtained with AutoML are therefore very promising. However, the AutoML models in our study did not yet show the corresponding performance of the best models obtained with conventional machine learning methods. While AutoML may facilitate and simplify the task of training and testing machine learning algorithms as applied in the field of neuroradiology and medical imaging, a considerable amount of expert knowledge may still be needed to develop models with the highest possible discriminatory power for diagnostic neuroradiology.
Marginal integrity of classical and bulk-fill composite restorations in permanent and primary molars
Authors: Hamza Blend , Zimmerman Marcus , Attin Thomas , Tauböck Tobias T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBulk-fill composites enable timesaving and less technical-sensitive application of restorations. This study investigated and compared the marginal integrity of classical and bulk-fill composite restorations in primary and permanent molars before and after thermo-mechanical loading (TML). Two Class II cavities were prepared in each of 20 primary and 20 permanent molars. The molars were randomised in four groups for each molar type. Groups 1 and 5 were restored with a high-viscous bulk-fill composite (Tetric PowerFill), groups 2 and 6 were restored with a flowable bulk-fill composite (Tetric PowerFlow), groups 3 and 7 were restored with a high-viscous classical composite (Tetric Prime), and groups 4 and 8 were restored with a flowable classical composite (Tetric EvoFlow). In permanent molars, the flowable composites were covered with a 2-mm layer of high-viscous composite (groups 6 and 8). The restorations were subjected to TML in a custom-made chewing machine (5–50 °C, 2 min dwelling time, × 1000; 400 ,000 loading cycles, 1.7 Hz, 49 N), and quantitative marginal analysis was conducted using scanning electron microscopy. Marginal integrity of each restoration was calculated as a percentage of continuous margins before and after TML. The tested high-viscous bulk-fill restoration showed similarly high marginal integrity in primary and permanent molars as the classical restoration. The tested flowable bulk-fill restoration showed the lowest marginal integrity compared to all other restorations after TML. In contrast to flowable bulk-fill restorations, high-viscous bulk-fill restorations show similar marginal integrity as classical hybrid composite restorations after TML, in both primary and permanent molars.
Synthesis of Ag nanoparticles by Celery leaves extract supported on magnetic biochar substrate, as a catalyst for the reduction reactions
Authors: Taheri Sahar , Heravi Majid M. , Mohammadi Pourya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGreen synthesis of a noble metal such as Ag nanoparticles is an enormously developed research area. In this study, a biochar/Fe3O4–Ag magnetic nanocatalyst was produced via a green path by using Celery stalk as a carbon-based substrate and Celery leaf extract as reducing and stabilizing agents to construct Ag nanoparticles. The synthesized nanocatalyst was determined using various techniques, such as UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM/EDX spectroscopy (scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), and VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer). To survey the catalytic action of the biochar/Fe3O4–Ag nanocatalyst, it was used in the reduction reaction of disparate nitroaromatics, aldehydes, and ketones. This catalyst has demonstrated good characteristics in terms of the amount, reusability, recoverability, activity, and structural integrity of the catalyst during the reaction. In addition, biochar/Fe3O4–Ag could be detached magnetically and recycled multiple times without significantly reducing its catalytic performance.
A nonlinear adaptive excitation controller design for two‐axis models of synchronous generators in multimachine power systems to augment the transient stability during severe faults
Authors: Roy Tushar Kanti , Mahmud Md Apel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an excitation controller design process for multimachine power systems with synchronous generators using an adaptive backstepping approach to ensure robust performance against parametric uncertainties as well as to improve the transient stability during large disturbances. In this work, electrical dynamics of synchronous generators are described using two‐axis models while excitations systems are represented as the IEEE Type II exciter which mainly captures electrical dynamics while swing equations are used to capture mechanical dynamics. The proposed adaptive backstepping control approach is then employed to derive the excitation control law. The proposed adaptive backstepping scheme uses all nonlinearities, which are mainly due to the interconnections and rotations of rotors in synchronous generators, within the dynamical models to improve the transient stability during severe disturbances. Furthermore, this excitation control scheme uses estimated values of parameters appearing in the dynamical models of power system which are estimated using adaptation laws based on real‐time measurements and hence, it provides robustness against parametric uncertainties. The theoretical stability of the proposed scheme is assessed using the Lyapunov stability theory, that is, by checking the negative definiteness or semi‐definiteness of the derivative of control Lyapunov functions (CLFs). Rigorous simulations are conducted on an IEEE 39‐bus 10‐machine test power system for evaluating the performance of the proposed scheme under different operating conditions. Simulation results clearly demonstrate the superiority of the adaptive backstepping excitation controller over existing nonlinear controllers including an existing adaptive backstepping excitation controller that is designed using the classical model of synchronous generators.
The existence of path-factor uniform graphs with large connectivity
Authors: Zhou Sizhong , Bian Qiuxiang 
Published: August 2022

A path-factor is a spanning subgraphFofGsuch that every component ofFis a path with at least two vertices. Letk ≥ 2 be an integer. AP≥k-factor ofGmeans a path factor in which each component is a path with at leastkvertices. A graphGis aP≥k-factor covered graph if for anye ∈ E(G),Ghas aP≥k-factor coveringe. A graphGis called aP≥k-factor uniform graph if for anye1, e2 ∈ E(G) withe1 ≠ e2,Ghas aP≥k-factor coveringe1and avoidinge2. In other words, a graphGis called aP≥k-factor uniform graph if for anye ∈ E(G),G − eis aP≥k-factor covered graph. In this paper, we present two sufficient conditions for graphs to beP≥3-factor uniform graphs depending on binding number and degree conditions. Furthermore, we show that two results are best possible in some sense.
Kutane Nebenwirkungen unter
Immun-Checkpoint-Inhibitor-Therapie
Authors: Grän Franziska , Schilling Bastian 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungModerne Immuntherapeutika wie Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab oder Ipilimumab, die
sogenannte Immun-Checkpoints blockieren, haben die onkologische Therapie in den
letzten Jahren revolutioniert. Mit dem neuen Wirkmechanismus der Blockade
wichtiger Kontrollpunkte im Immunsystem zeigen sich jedoch auch eine Vielzahl an
unterschiedlichen Nebenwirkungen. Diese treten nicht selten an der Haut auf. Zu
den häufigsten dermalen Reaktionen unter Immuntherapie zählen
die Vitiligo, Exantheme, blasenbildende Reaktionen oder der Lichen planus.
Ausgeprägter Juckreiz kann Patienten stark beeinträchtigen. Der
Verlauf bei auf die Haut beschränkten Nebenwirkungen ist häufig
mild und gut zu behandeln oder selbstlimitierend. Hauterscheinungen
können jedoch auch als Symptom systemischer Reaktionen auftreten. Eine
frühe Diagnosestellung, die Einleitung einer adäquaten Therapie
sowie eine interdisziplinäre Betreuung bei komplexen Erkrankungen sind
entscheidend, um dauerhafte Einschränkungen für die Patienten zu
verhindern und eine sichere Behandlung der zugrundeliegenden Tumorerkrankung
gewährleisten zu können.
Entwicklung der universitären palliativmedizinischen Lehre in Österreich: ein Scoping Review
Authors: Toussaint Véronique , Elsner Frank , Paal Piret 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die Integration von Palliative Care in die universitäre Lehre ist ein wichtiger Schritt, um die Palliativversorgung in Österreich zu stärken. Ziel dieses Scoping Reviews ist die Identifikation und Darstellung der Literatur, die sich mit der palliativmedizinischen Lehre an österreichischen Universitäten beschäftigt.
Methodik Im Mai und November 2021 wurden nach den Guidelines von JBI und PRISMA-ScR mehrere Literaturrecherchen in den Datenbanken PubMed und Web of Science Core Collection durchgeführt. Um umfassendere Ergebnisse zu erzielen, wurden weitere relevante Artikel in zusätzlichen Quellen identifiziert.
Ergebnisse Es konnten 15 Artikel eingeschlossen werden. Sowohl zur Anzahl der österreichischen Universitäten mit einem palliativmedizinischen Lehrangebot als auch zur Qualität dieser Lehre konnten unterschiedliche Angaben herausgestellt werden.
Schlussfolgerung Derzeit ist die palliativmedizinische Lehre an österreichischen Universitäten nur unzureichend erfasst.
Premedication with simethicone for improving the quality of gastric mucosal visualization: a double-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Duez Leo , Gkolfakis Paraskevas , Bastide Marine , Vuckovic Clemence , Musala Carmen , Van Gossum Marc , Hoyois Alice , Mulkay Jean-Pierre , Eisendrath Pierre 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Saliva, bubbles, or mucus can limit gastric mucosal visualization (GMV), increasing the risk of missed lesions such as gastric cancer. Several studies using endoscopy photodocumentation-based scores have reported increased quality of GMV when mucolytic and/or defoaming agents are administered. This single-center, prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial aimed to evaluate whether simethicone administration could improve GMV.
Patients and methods Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either 200 mg of simethicone (Group A) or placebo (Group B). Two independent endoscopists reviewed the entire video recording from each examination to assess the quality of GMV. The primary outcome was the rate of adequate GMV, defined as the percentage of patients in each group with a video score scale < 7 based on gastric visualization of five gastric landmarks. Secondary outcomes included procedure duration, patient satisfaction, and side effects.
Results A total of 110 consecutive outpatients were randomly assigned to one of the two study groups (11 were excluded for various reasons). For the primary endpoint, 32 patients (61.5 %) in group A achieved adequate GMV compared to one of 47 (2.1 %) in group B (odds ratio [95 % confidence interval]: 73.6 [9.4–576.6]; P < 0.001). Median procedure time did not differ between the groups (P = 0.55), and no differences were detected in patient satisfaction (P = 0.18) or side effects (P = 0.58). No serious adverse events were documented.
Conclusions Premedication with simethicone before upper gastrointestinal endoscopy significantly improves the quality of GMV without affecting the duration of the examination, patient satisfaction, and the rate of side effects.
Introduction of endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticoenterostomy – experience from a general hospital in Japan
Authors: Kaneko Toru , Kida Mitshiro , Kitahara Gen , Uehara Kazuho , Koyama Shiori , Tachikawa Satsuki , Watanabe Masaaki , Kusano Chika 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) is a widely used alternative to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) when ERCP is unsuccessful or there are contraindications such as duodenal stenosis or postsurgical intestinal reconstruction. Therefore, we retrospectively investigated the therapeutic outcomes of EUS-BD in a medium-sized hospital.
Patients and methods We included 31 consecutive patients who underwent EUS-BD at the Kitasato University Medical Center between April 2018 and October 2021. Patient characteristics, technical and clinical success rates, stent patency, adverse events (AEs), and procedure time were analyzed.
Results Of the 31 patients included in this study, one underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS) and 30 underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticoenterostomy (EUS-HES). The technical success rates were 100 % for EUS-CDS and 96.8 % for EUS-HES because EUS-HES was unsuccessful in one patient who then underwent EUS-CDS as an alternative treatment. The clinical success rates were 100 % for EUS-CDS and 96.7% for EUS-HES. The median follow-up period was 84 days (range: 14–483 days). Zero and 5 (16.6 %) patients who underwent EUS-CDS and EUS, respectively had stent dysfunction. The median stent patency (stent dysfunction and death) for EUS-HES was 124 days. AEs were observed in only two patients (6.7 %) who underwent EUS-HES.
Conclusions EUS-BD is now more widely used than before, and advances in the devices used have enabled the procedure to be performed more safely. Our results suggest that this introduction in medium-sized hospitals can be conducted safely.
Intramuscular Microvascular Flow Sensing for Flap Monitoring in a Porcine Model of Arterial and Venous Occlusion
Authors: Lu Di , Moritz William , Arafa Hany M. , Yang Quansan , Jacobson Lauren , Ostojich Diana , Bai Wubin , Guo Hexia , Wu Changsheng , Li Shuo , Li Shupeng , Huang Yonggang , Xu Yameng , Yan Ying , Westman Amanda M. , MacEwan Matthew R. , Rogers John A. , Pet Mitchell A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background Commercially available near infrared spectroscopy devices for continuous free flap tissue oxygenation (StO2) monitoring can only be used on flaps with a cutaneous component. Additionally, differences in skin quality and pigmentation may alter StO2 measurements. Here, we present a novel implantable heat convection probe that measures microvascular blood flow for peripheral monitoring of free flaps, and is not subject to the same issues that limit the clinical utility of near-infrared spectroscopy.
Methods The intratissue microvascular flow-sensing device includes a resistive heater, 4 thermistors, a small battery, and a Bluetooth chip, which allows connection to a smart device. Convection of applied heat is measured and mathematically transformed into a measurement of blood flow velocity. This was tested alongside Vioptix T.Ox in a porcine rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap model of arterial and venous occlusion. After flap elevation, the thermal device was deployed intramuscularly, and the cutaneous T.Ox device was applied. Acland clamps were alternately applied to the flap artery and veins to achieve 15 minutes periods of flap ischemia and congestion with a 15 minutes intervening recovery period. In total, five devices were tested in three flaps in three separate pigs over 16 vaso-occlusive events.
Results Flow measurements were responsive to both ischemia and congestion, and returned to baseline during recovery periods. Flow measurements corresponded closely with measured StO2. Cross-correlation at zero lag showed agreement between these two sensing modalities. Two novel devices tested simultaneously on the same flap showed only minor variations in flow measurements.
Conclusion This novel probe is capable of detecting changes in tissue microcirculatory blood flow. This device performed well in a swine model of flap ischemia and congestion, and shows promise as a potentially useful clinical tool. Future studies will investigate performance in fasciocutaneous flaps and characterize longevity of the device over a period of several days.
Intraoperative Heparin Bolus and Postoperative Anticoagulation with Low Molecular Weight Heparin Increase Reliability of Microsurgical Free Flaps for Upper Extremity Reconstruction
Authors: Kallenberger Ann-Katrin , Xiong Lingyun , Gazyakan Emre , Ziegler Benjamin , Will Patrick , Kneser Ulrich , Hirche Christoph 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background Microsurgery is an indispensable tool of upper extremity reconstruction addressing defect coverage and the restoration of function. Perioperative anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy are controversially discussed with impact on microsurgical outcome, but without clear evidence. This study aims to evaluate the impact of perioperative anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy in microsurgical upper extremity reconstruction.
Methods All eligible patients treated with microsurgical upper extremity reconstruction between January 2000 and July 2014 were included in a comparative analysis to define a superior anticoagulation and antiplatelet regime in a retrospective study. Endpoints were all major complications (e.g., total flap loss, arterial and venous thrombosis) as well as minor complication.
Results A total of 183 eligible free flaps to the upper extremity were transferred in 169 patients. Altogether, 11 arterial (6.0%) and 9 venous (4.9%) thromboses, 11 total flap losses (6.0%), and 16 cases with hematoma (8.7%) were detected. In the subgroup analysis, patients who did not receive any heparin intraoperatively (n = 21; 11.5%) had a higher rate of major complications (p = 0.001), with total flap loss being the most frequent event (p = 0.004). A trend was shown for intraoperative bolus administration of 501 to 1,000 units unfractionated heparin (UFH) intravenously to have the lowest rate of major complications (p = 0.058). Intraoperative administration of acetylsalicylic acid (n = 13; 8.1%) did not have any influence on the rate of major complications. Postoperative anticoagulation with continuous UFH intravenously (n = 68; 37.2%) resulted in more frequent complications (p = 0.012), for example, an increased rate of total flap loss (p = 0.02) and arterial thrombosis (p = 0.02).
Conclusion The results of the present study favor administration of 501 to 1,000 units UFH intravenously as an intraoperative bolus (e.g., 750 units UFH intravenously). Postoperative low molecular weight heparin subcutaneous application in a prophylactic dose given once or twice a day was associated with less complications compared with continuous infusion of UFH, although continuously applied UFH may reflect an increased risk profile.
X-ray diffraction imaging of the diamond anvils based on the microfocus x-ray source with a liquid anode
Authors: Barannikov Aleksandr , Troyan Ivan , Snigireva Irina , Snigirev Anatoly 
Published: August 2022

This paper presents the results of using laboratory x-ray systems in the study of the crystal structure of anvil made from single-crystal diamond. The system is equipped with an Excillum MetalJet D2 + 70 kV high-brightness x-ray source with a liquid GaIn anode. The x-ray diffraction imaging (topography) technique with the use of a high-resolution x-ray Rigaku camera was applied to analyze crystal structure defects. Two-dimensional images were experimentally recorded using 400 and 111 reflections with a resolution of 1.5 and 5 μm, respectively. These topograms displayed various defects, such as growth striations and dislocations. Possible applications of the proposed laboratory-based optical scheme for high-pressure physics are discussed and future improvements to the setup are suggested.
Fluorescence-enhanced Si photodiodes for ultraviolet C rays (UVC) measurements
Authors: Katsumata Toru , Hitomi Ami , Narita Ryuhei , Nakamizo Akiho , Shirako Takahiro , Nakano Sae , Hosoya Sattawat , Yamazaki Manami , Aizawa Hiroaki 
Published: August 2022

The ultraviolet C rays (UVC, wavelength λ = 100–280 nm) light generated by a Hg lamp (λ = 254 nm) and UVC light-emitting diodes (LEDs, λ = 265 and 275 nm) was detected using a fluorescence-enhanced silicon photodiode (FE-PD). Ce-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG:Ce), YAG:Pr, YAG:Eu, YAG:Tb, YAG:Cr, Al2O3:Ti, Al2O3:Cr, MgAl2O4:Ti, MgAl2O4:Cr, MgAl2O4:Mn, and commercial fluorescent acrylic resins were tested as phosphor sources to enhance the output signal intensity of the FE-PD irradiated with UVC light. The resulting output signal intensity increased linearly with the UVC light strength, which was adjusted by raising the input current of the UVC LEDs from 0 to 40 mA. The sensitivity of the fabricated UVC detectors, assessed based on the calibration curve slope, varied depending on the phosphor materials. The phosphors effectively enhanced the output signal intensity of the FE-PD, which was up to six times greater than that of the visible and near infrared Si-PD without phosphors; the stronger output signal intensity was achieved using YAG:Tb, YAG:Cr, and a red fluorescent acrylic resin. The visible light emitted by phosphors under UVC irradiation is useful for detecting UVC light by the eye when using FE-PD.