bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life Satisfaction Development in the Transition to Adulthood: Differences by Gender and Immigrant Background
Authors: Henkens Juul H. D. , Kalmijn Matthijs , de Valk Helga A. G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLife satisfaction is crucial for healthy development into adulthood. However, it is yet largely unknown how life satisfaction develops in the transition to adulthood. This study examined life satisfaction development in this transition and paid special attention to differences between boys, girls, children of immigrants, and nonimmigrants. Unique longitudinal data of seven waves (2010–2018) of the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey Germany were used. Respondents (N = 3757, 54% girls, 78% nonimmigrants, Mage weighted = 14.6, SD = 0.6 at wave 1) were followed between ages 14 and 23 and multi-level random effect models were applied. Life satisfaction developed in a nonlinear way in the transition to adulthood (M-shape), with overall decreases between age 17 and 18 and between age 20 and 23. Girls reported lower life satisfaction levels in adolescence and more unstable trajectories than boys, where girls with immigrant backgrounds represented the least advantageous life satisfaction trajectory. Differences in life satisfaction between groups decreased from age 19 onwards.
A flexible class of dependence-aware multi-label loss functions
Authors: Hüllermeier Eyke , Wever Marcel , Loza Mencia Eneldo , Fürnkranz Johannes , Rapp Michael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe idea to exploit label dependencies for better prediction is at the core of methods for multi-label classification (MLC), and performance improvements are normally explained in this way. Surprisingly, however, there is no established methodology that allows to analyze the dependence-awareness of MLC algorithms. With that goal in mind, we introduce a class of loss functions that are able to capture the important aspect of label dependence. To this end, we leverage the mathematical framework of non-additive measures and integrals. Roughly speaking, a non-additive measure allows for modeling the importance of correct predictions of label subsets (instead of single labels), and thereby their impact on the overall evaluation, in a flexible way. The well-known Hamming and subset 0/1 losses are rather extreme special cases of this function class, which give full importance to single label sets or the entire label set, respectively. We present concrete instantiations of this class, which appear to be especially appealing from a modeling perspective. The assessment of multi-label classifiers in terms of these losses is illustrated in an empirical study, clearly showing their aptness at capturing label dependencies. Finally, while not being the main goal of this study, we also show some preliminary results on the minimization of this parametrized family of losses.
Deep reinforcement learning based control for Autonomous Vehicles in CARLA
Authors: Pérez-Gil Óscar , Barea Rafael , López-Guillén Elena , Bergasa Luis M. , Gómez-Huélamo Carlos , Gutiérrez Rodrigo , Díaz-Díaz Alejandro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNowadays, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is growing by leaps and bounds in almost all fields of technology, and Autonomous Vehicles (AV) research is one more of them. This paper proposes the using of algorithms based on Deep Learning (DL) in the control layer of an autonomous vehicle. More specifically, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms such as Deep Q-Network (DQN) and Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) are implemented in order to compare results between them. The aim of this work is to obtain a trained model, applying a DRL algorithm, able of sending control commands to the vehicle to navigate properly and efficiently following a determined route. In addition, for each of the algorithms, several agents are presented as a solution, so that each of these agents uses different data sources to achieve the vehicle control commands. For this purpose, an open-source simulator such as CARLA is used, providing to the system with the ability to perform a multitude of tests without any risk into an hyper-realistic urban simulation environment, something that is unthinkable in the real world. The results obtained show that both DQN and DDPG reach the goal, but DDPG obtains a better performance. DDPG perfoms trajectories very similar to classic controller as LQR. In both cases RMSE is lower than 0.1m following trajectories with a range 180-700m. To conclude, some conclusions and future works are commented.
Age group classification and gender recognition from speech with temporal convolutional neural networks
Authors: Sánchez-Hevia Héctor A. , Gil-Pita Roberto , Utrilla-Manso Manuel , Rosa-Zurera Manuel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper analyses the performance of different types of Deep Neural Networks to jointly estimate age and identify gender from speech, to be applied in Interactive Voice Response systems available in call centres. Deep Neural Networks are used, because they have recently demonstrated discriminative and representation capabilities in a wide range of applications, including speech processing problems based on feature extraction and selection. Networks with different sizes are analysed to obtain information on how performance depends on the network architecture and the number of free parameters. The speech corpus used for the experiments is Mozilla’s Common Voice dataset, an open and crowdsourced speech corpus. The results are really good for gender classification, independently of the type of neural network, but improve with the network size. Regarding the classification by age groups, the combination of convolutional neural networks and temporal neural networks seems to be the best option among the analysed, and again, the larger the size of the network, the better the results. The results are promising for use in IVR systems, with the best systems achieving a gender identification error of less than 2% and a classification error by age group of less than 20%.
Hydrocarbon source rock assessment of the shale and coal bearing horizons of the Early Paleocene Hangu Formation in Kala-Chitta Range, Northwest Pakistan
Authors: Khan Nasar , Ullah Wasif , Siyar Syed M. , Wadood Bilal , Ayyub Tariq , Ullah Tariq 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe present study aims to investigate the origin, type, thermal maturity and hydrocarbon generation potential of organic matter and paleo-depositional environment of the Early Paleocene (Danian) Hangu Formation outcropped in the Kala-Chitta Range of Northwest Pakistan, Eastern Tethys. Organic-rich shale and coal intervals were utilized for geochemical analyses including TOC (total organic carbon) and Rock–Eval pyrolysis coupled with carbon (δ13Corg) and nitrogen (δ15Norg) stable isotopes. The organic geochemical results showed that the kerogen Type II (oil/gas prone) and Type III (gas prone) dominate the investigated rock units. The TOC (wt%) and S2 yield indicate that the rock unit quantifies sufficient organic matter (OM) to act as potential source rock. However, the thermal maturity Tmax°C marks the over maturation of the OM, which may be possibly linked with the effect attained from nearby tectonically active Himalayan Foreland Fold-and-Thrust Belt system and associated metamorphosed sequences. The organic geochemical analyses deciphered indigenous nature of the OM and resultant hydrocarbons. The δ13Corg and δ15Norg stable isotopic signatures illustrated enrichment of the OM from both marine and terrestrial sources accumulated into the Hangu Formation. The Paleo-depositional model established using organic geochemical and stable isotopic data for the formation supports its deposition in a shallow marine proximal inner shelf environment with prevalence of sub-oxic to anoxic conditions, a scenario that could enhance the OM preservation. Overall, the formation holds promising coal and shale intervals in terms of organic richness, but due to relatively over thermal maturation, it cannot act as an effective source rock for liquid hydrocarbon generation and only minor amount of dry gas can be expected. In implication, the results of this study suggest least prospects of liquid hydrocarbon generation potential within Hangu Formation at studied sections.
Geostatic modeling of the clastic reservoir: a case study the Late Cenomanian Abu Roash G Member, Hamra Field, Abu Gharadig Basin, Western Desert, Egypt
Authors: Abu-Hashish M. F. , Abuelhassan M. M. , Elsayed Gamal 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecent advances in computer sciences have resulted in a significant improvement in reservoir modeling, which is an important stage in studying and comprehending reservoir geometry and properties. It enables the collection of various types of activities such as seismic, geological, and geophysical aspects in a single container to facilitate the characterization of reservoir continuity and homogeneity. The main goal of this work is to build a three-dimensional reservoir model of the Abu Roash G reservoir in the Hamra oil field with enough detail to represent both vertical and lateral reservoir heterogeneity at the well, multi-well, and field scales. The Late Cenomanian Abu Roash G Member is the main reservoir in the Hamra oil field. It is composed mainly of shale, carbonate and some streaks of sandstone, these streaks are shaly in some parts. Conducting the 3D geostatic model begins with the interpretation of seismic data to detect reflectors and horizons, as well as fault picking to explain the structural framework and frequently delineate the container style with proposed limitations to construct the structural model. The lithology and physical properties of Abu Roash G reservoir rock, including total and effective porosity and fluid saturation, were determined using well log data from four wells in the Hamra field. The constructed 3D geological model of the Abu Roash G has showed that the petrophysical parameters are controlled by the facies distribution and structure elements, whereas properties are the central part to the northern side of the deltaic environment than the other sides of the same environment. The model will be useful in displaying the reservoir community and indicating prospective zones for enhancing the dynamic model to improve the behavior of the flow unit productivity, as well as, section of the best sites for the future drilling.
Experimental study of CO2 injectivity impairment in sandstone due to salt precipitation and fines migration
Authors: Yusof Muhammad Aslam Md , Neuyam Yen Adams Sokama , Ibrahim Mohamad Arif , Saaid Ismail M. , Idris Ahmad Kamal , Mohamed Muhammad Azfar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRe-injection of carbon dioxide (CO2) in deep saline formation is a promising approach to allow high CO2 gas fields to be developed in the Southeast Asia region. However, the solubility between CO2 and formation water could cause injectivity problems such as salt precipitation and fines migration. Although both mechanisms have been widely investigated individually, the coupled effect of both mechanisms has not been studied experimentally. This research work aims to quantify CO2 injectivity alteration induced by both mechanisms through core-flooding experiments. The quantification injectivity impairment induced by both mechanisms were achieved by varying parameters such as brine salinity (6000–100,000 ppm) and size of fine particles (0–0.015 µm) while keeping other parameters constant, flow rate (2 cm3/min), fines concentration (0.3 wt%) and salt type (Sodium chloride). The core-flooding experiments were carried out on quartz-rich sister sandstone cores under a two-step sequence. In order to simulate the actual sequestration process while also controlling the amount and sizes of fines, mono-dispersed silicon dioxide in CO2-saturated brine was first injected prior to supercritical CO2 (scCO2) injection. The CO2 injectivity alteration was calculated using the ratio between the permeability change and the initial permeability. Results showed that there is a direct correlation between salinity and severity of injectivity alteration due to salt precipitation. CO2 injectivity impairment increased from 6 to 26.7% when the salinity of brine was raised from 6000 to 100,000 ppm. The findings also suggest that fines migration during CO2 injection would escalate the injectivity impairment. The addition of 0.3 wt% of 0.005 µm fine particles in the CO2-saturated brine augmented the injectivity alteration by 1% to 10%, increasing with salt concentration. Furthermore, at similar fines concentration and brine salinity, larger fines size of 0.015 µm in the pore fluid further induced up to three-fold injectivity alteration compared to the damage induced by salt precipitation. At high brine salinity, injectivity reduction was highest as more precipitated salts reduced the pore spaces, increasing the jamming ratio. Therefore, more particles were blocked and plugged at the slimmer pore throats. The findings are the first experimental work conducted to validate theoretical modelling results reported on the combined effect of salt precipitation and fines mobilisation on CO2 injectivity. These pioneering results could improve understanding of CO2 injectivity impairment in deep saline reservoirs and serve as a foundation to develop a more robust numerical study in field scale.
Involvement of neutrophil extracellular traps in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis in a case of systemic lupus erythematosus and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis overlap syndrome
Authors: Senda Arisa , Sasai Ryutaro , Kato Kurumi , Nishibata Yuka , Masuda Sakiko , Ishizu Akihiro , Takahara Noriko 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) are autoimmune diseases that often cause rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) involved in their pathogenesis. However, the involvement of NETs in the renal damage caused by SLE/AAV overlap syndrome has not been clarified yet. In this study, we detected renal deposition of NETs in a patient with SLE/AAV overlap syndrome. In addition, a significantly increased level of NET-inducing activity was observed in the patient’s serum, which improved with treatment. On the other hand, a markedly lower level of NET degradation was observed in the patient’s serum as compared to healthy subjects’ sera, without any posttreatment changes. These findings suggest that NETs may play a role in the pathogenesis of renal injury associated with SLE/AAV overlap syndrome.
Phytotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles with Different Surface Properties on Monocots and Dicots Model Plants
Authors: Matras Ewelina , Gorczyca Anna , Pociecha Ewa , Przemieniecki Sebastian Wojciech , Oćwieja Magdalena 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of three types of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with different physicochemical properties and silver ions delivered in the form of silver nitrate (AgNO3) at the concentration of 50 mg L−1 on germination and initial growth of monocots (common wheat, sorghum) and dicots (garden cress, white mustard). The AgNPs were prepared using trisodium citrate (TCSB-AgNPs), tannic acid (TA-AgNPs), and cysteamine hydrochloride (CHSB-AgNPs). They exhibited comparable shape, size distribution, and an average size equal to 15 ± 3 nm which was confirmed with the use of transmission electron microscopy. The electrokinetic characteristics revealed that CHSB-AgNPs have positive, whereas TCSB-AgNPs and TA-AgNPs negative surface charge. First, toxicity of the silver compounds was assessed using the Phytotestkit test. Next, after transferring seedlings to pots, shoot length, leaf surface, shoot dry mass, electrolyte leakage measurement, and photosystem II (PSII) efficiency were determined. AgNPs and silver ions delivered in the form of AgNO3 reduced root and shoots length of common wheat, sorghum, and garden cress; leaves surface of garden cress and white mustard; and shoots dry mass of white mustard. The positively charged CHSB-AgNPs and silver ions delivered in the form of AgNO3 showed the greatest inhibition effect. Moreover, silver ions and positively charged CHSB-AgNPs were more toxic to PSII of model plants than negatively charged TCSB-AgNPs and TA-AgNPs. AgNPs impact differed in the case of monocots and dicots, but the size of the changes was not significant, so it concerned individual parameters. The results revealed the interaction strength, which was generally similar in all tested plants, i.e., increasing negative effect in sequence TCSB-AgNPs < TA-AgNPs < silver ions delivered in the form of AgNO3 < CHSB-AgNPs.
Julián's Choice: Of Jaguar-Shamans and the Sacrifices Made forProgresoin Peru's Extractive Frontier
Authors: Sarmiento Barletti Juan Pablo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn May 2010, Julián Miranda, an Indigenous Asháninka shaman, died hours after killing a jaguar-shaman. Despite knowing that it could kill him, he killed a jaguar-shaman to protect his cows, an investment to support the much-desiredprogreso(‘progress’) of his children and grandchildren through education. Julián's choice was one of personal sacrifice driven by the hardships he experienced in the degraded forests of the Bajo Urubamba valley in the Peruvian Amazon. My examination of his decision to kill the jaguar-shaman engages with the multi-disciplinary literature on how local peoples engage with the expanding extractive frontier in Latin America. The emphasis most literature places on social movements and – to a lesser extent – on the ontological characteristics of these conflicts needs to be counterbalanced by individual experiences like Julián's for a deeper understanding of the multiple local experiences of large-scale resource extraction and the different strategies through which people pursue their desired futures.
Clozapine-related obsessive–compulsive symptoms and their impact on wellbeing: a naturalistic longitudinal study
Authors: Parkin Katherine , Chen Shanquan , Biria Marjan , Plaistow James , Beckwith Helen , Jarratt-Barnham Isaac , Segarra Nuria , Worbe Yulia , Fineberg Naomi A. , Cardinal Rudolf N. , Robbins Trevor W. , Fernandez-Egea Emilio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundObsessive–compulsive symptoms (OCS) are commonly associated with clozapine treatment but are frequently overlooked by clinicians despite their potential impact on patients' quality of life. In this study, we explored whether OCS severity impacted subjective wellbeing and general functioning, independently of depressive and psychotic symptoms.MethodsWe used anonymised electronic healthcare records from a large cohort of patients who were treated with clozapine and assessed annually for OCS, wellbeing, general functioning, and psychopathology using standardised scales as part of routine clinical practice. We used statistical mixed linear model techniques to evaluate the longitudinal influence of OCS severity on wellbeing and general functioning.ResultsA total of 184 patients were included, with 527 face-to-face assessments and 64.7% evaluated three or more times. Different linear mixed models demonstrated that OCS in patients treated with clozapine were associated with significantly worse wellbeing scores, independently of depression and psychotic symptoms, but OCS did not impair general functioning. Obsessional thinking and hoarding behaviour, but not compulsions, were significantly associated with the impact on wellbeing, which may be attributable to the ego-syntonic nature of the compulsions.ConclusionsGiven the frequent occurrence of OCS and their negative impact on wellbeing, we encourage clinicians to routinely assess and treat OCS in patients who are taking clozapine.
Leveraging serology to titrate immunisation programme functionality for diphtheria in Madagascar
Authors: Razafimahatratra Solohery L. , Menezes Arthur , Wesolowski Amy , Rafetrarivony Lala , Cauchemez Simon , Razafindratsimandresy Richter , Harimanana Aina , Crucitti Tania , Collard Jean Marc , Metcalf C. J. E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDiphtheria is a potentially devastating disease whose epidemiology remains poorly described in many settings, including Madagascar. Diphtheria vaccination is delivered in combination with pertussis and tetanus antigens and coverage of this vaccine is often used as a core measure of health system functioning. However, coverage is challenging to estimate due to the difficulty in translating numbers of doses delivered into numbers of children effectively immunised. Serology provides an alternative lens onto immunisation, but is complicated by challenges in discriminating between natural and vaccine-derived seropositivity. Here, we leverage known features of the serological profile of diphtheria to bound expectations for vaccine coverage for diphtheria, and further refine these using serology for pertussis. We measured diphtheria antibody titres in 185 children aged 6–11 months and 362 children aged 8–15 years and analysed them with pertussis antibody titres previously measured for each individual. Levels of diphtheria seronegativity varied among age groups (18.9% of children aged 6–11 months old and 11.3% of children aged 8–15 years old were seronegative) and also among the districts. We also find surprisingly elevated levels of individuals seropositive to diphtheria but not pertussis in the 6–11 month old age group suggesting that vaccination coverage or efficacy of the pertussis component of the DTP vaccine remains low or that natural infection of diphtheria may be playing a significant role in seropositivity in Madagascar.
Refugees, expellees and immigrants: comparing migrant reception policies and practices in post-war Bristol, Dortmund and Malmö
Authors: Shaev Brian , Hackett Sarah , Brunnström Pål , Nilsson Mohammadi Robert 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe vital role that cities play in the governance of migration is increasingly recognized, yet migration scholars still perceive this ‘local turn’ as a recent phenomenon. This article presents a cross-country and cross-city comparative analysis of three mid-size European cities during the post-war period: Bristol, Dortmund and Malmö. It analyses administrative cultures and local policy arenas, exposing the complexity of local migration policy-making and the crucial importance of historical perspectives. It reveals the inherent local variation in policies and practices, and argues that traditional national-level studies do not fully capture how urban actors responded to migration.
Paleoclimatology and Paleoceanography Perspectives on Integrated, Coordinated, Open, Networked (ICON) Science
Authors: Belem A. , Bell T. , Burdett H. L. , Ibarra D. , Kaushal N. , Keenan B. , Klimaszewski‐Patterson A. , Mette M. , Naeher S. , Onafeso O. D. , Panmei C. , Ratnayake A. S. , Truax O. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article is composed of three independent commentaries about the state of Integrated, Coordinated, Open, Networked (ICON) principles (Goldman et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10508554.1) in the AGU section paleoclimatology and paleoceanography (P&P), and a discussion on the opportunities and challenges of adopting them. Each commentary focuses on a different topic: (Section 2) Global collaboration, technology transfer and application, reproducibility, and data sharing and infrastructure; (Section 3) Local knowledge, global gain: improving interactions within the scientific community and with locals, indigenous communities, stakeholders, and the public; (Section 4) Field, experimental, remote sensing, and real‐time data research and application. P&P projects can better include ICON principles by directly incorporating them into research proposals. A promising way to overcome the challenges of interdisciplinarity and integration is to foster networking, which will advance our research discipline through the application of ICON.