bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colorado Potato Beetle Control, Pasquotank County, 1988
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Kidd K. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Atlantic' potatoes were planted 9 Mar, near Weeksville, NC. Single row plots, 10 ft long on 42 inch centers were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Alleys of 5 ft separated replicates. Treatments were applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle (18 × ) operating at 60 psi to apply 80 gal/acre. Treatments were applied 17 and 27 May. Visual estimates of foliar damage and/or insects counts were made 27 May and 9 Jun. Adults were counted by walking the length of the plot and counting all visible adults. Egg masses and larvae were counted on 3 hills/plot. Small larvae were estimated to be 1st and 2nd instars, and large 3rd and 4th. Potatoes were harvested and yields recorded on 9 Jun.
Foliar Sprays for Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potatoes, 1989
Authors: Zehnder Geoffrey , Speese John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 20 Apr at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Experiment Station, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a single 25-ft row bordered on one side by 2 untreated rows and on the other side by bare ground. Potatoes were planted with 10-inch plant and 36-inch row spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied with a propane compressed-gas backpack sprayer using 3 hollow-cone nozzles/row and delivering 70 gal water/acre at 40 psi. Applications were made weekly from 26 May through 23 Jun. Evaluation criteria consisted of visual counts of CPB small (L1 and L2) larvae, large (L3 and L4) larvae, and adults on 10 randomly chosen stems/treatment plot. Percent defoliation for each treatment was estimated on 20 Jun, and harvest data was taken from the entire treatment row in each treatment plot.
Insect Control on Staked Tomatoes, 1989
Authors: Walgenbach J. F. , Palmer C. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six-week-old transplants were set on 3 Jul, at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station, Fletcher, NC. Plants were set 2 ft apart within rows, and rows were on 10 ft centers. Single row plots (10 plants) were separated by cultivated alleyway, and treatments were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide treatments were applied on 8, 15, 22 and 29 Aug, and 5, 12 and 19 Sep, with a CO2 backpack sprayer operating at 60 psi and delivering 75-125 gal/acre (volume increased as plants grew) through 3 hollow-cone nozzles spaced 12 inches apart on the spray wand. Material was applied to both sides of rows so that each row was effectively treated with 6 nozzles/row. Potato aphid populations were monitored weekly from 14 Aug to 18 Sep, by recording the percent infested terminals (20 terminals/treatment). Mature fruit were harvested weekly from 13 Sep to 11 Oct, and the total number of fruit harvested and fruit damaged by lepidopterous pests (tomato fruitworm and cabbage looper) and SB (green and brown stink bug) was recorded.
Alfalfa Weevil Control on Alfalfa, North Carolina, 1989
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Hertl P. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 4 yr old stand of alfalfa located at the Unit 2 Research Farm (N.C. State University) just south of Raleigh was used as a test site. Twenty × 20 ft plots were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replicates for each treatment. The early season infestation was so severe that it appeared the weevil larvae might feed on the growing tips and severely stunt the alfalfa, thus precluding a good efficacy trial. Therefore, an application of malathion 57 EC was made at the rate of 1.0 qt/acre to reduce the initial infestation. Treatments were applied 29 Mar using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer delivering 30 gal/acre at 40 psi using 8002 flat-fan nozzles on a hand-held boom. Conditions at the time of application were sunny and 86°F. Pretreatment counts were taken on 20 Mar and averaged 14.75 weevil larvae/30 alfalfa stems. Treatments were evaluated on 3, 10, 20, and 26 Apr by randomly collecting 30 stems/plot and processing them through modified Tulgren funnels. Yield and quality samples were also taken on 28 Apr. No unusual weather conditions occurred during the duration of the test, but above normal rainfall did occur. All data were transformed X + 0.5 prior to analysis. Actual means are presented. Quality parameters are all presented as percentages.
Residual Control Using Reduced Insecticide Rates for Melanoplus Spp. in Alfalfa, 1989
Authors: Fuller R. W. , Roetel M. A. , Landsman T. M. , Walgenbach D. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots (63.7 by 63.7 m; 0.4 ha) were established (16 Aug) with an untreated check, Asana and 3 rates of XLR Sevin arranged in checkerboard fashion, which allowed grasshopper immigration into treated plots from all 4 directions. Applications were made with a Broyhill sprayer delivering 10 gal/acre at 40 psi using Teejet 8002 nozzles. A randomized complete block design was used with 4 replications. Forty rings (0.1 m2) were placed in 4 parallel rows in the central portion of each plot. Grasshopper counts (0, 5, 12, 16 and 30 d postapplication) were subjected to Abbott's formula which weights the percent reduction accounting for decreases in grasshopper counts exhibited in untreated plots.
Cabbage Seedpod Weevil Control, 1989
Authors: Johnson D. W. , Herbek J. H. , Murdock L. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two insecticides and 2 application timings were tested for control. Plots were located on the Research and Education Center in Princeton, KY. Plots were 6 by 15 ft, consisting of 5, 10 inch rows, arranged in a completely randomized design, and planted using standard agricultural practices. Yields were collected from the central 52 inches by 12 ft area of each plot. Foliar insecticides were applied using a CO2 powered plot sprayer at the equivalent of 29 gal finished spray/acre. Insect populations were sampled by taking 5 sweeps/plot with a standard sweep net. Percent reduction was computed using the following formula; prespray-postspray/prespray × 100. Counts on days 1 and 7 were compared to day 0, while day 8 was compared to day 7. Pod damage was determined by randomly collecting and examining for exit holes, 100 pods/plot/wk for 5 wk after preliminary sampling had indicated that CSPW emergence had begun. The greatest percent damage/plot was used in the analyses.
Comparative Efficacy of Grasshopper Bran Baits in Corn and Ditch Borders, 1989
Authors: Boetel M. A. , Fuller B. W. , Bergland D. R. , Walgenbach D. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two studies using bran bait were conducted at White, SD. Study 1 investigated the use of bran in roadside ditches to suppress early season grasshopper outbreaks. Roadside plots were 60.9 m long by 14.6 m wide. Bran was applied on 9 Jun with a Brie-mar Model 60 bran bait applicator. Ditch foliage was mixed grasses and ranged 20 to 75 cm in height. Pre- and postapplication grasshopper counts were made using a standard sweep net with 8 sweeps constituting a 1.0 m2 sample. A completely random design with 4 subsamples were collected pre- and 3 d postapplication. The twostriped grasshopper, Melanoplus bivittatus (Say), was the predominant species. In study 2 Lorsban bait was used at different rates and formulations. Corn plots 60.9 by 58.4 m were marked off on 27 May and treatments arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. First and 2nd instar M. bivittatus nymphs were feeding on 8.0 cm seedling corn. The field was essentially free of weeds, which left corn as the only available grasshopper food source. Pre- and postapplication grasshopper counts were made using ten 0.1 m2 rings arranged in a circular pattern in the center of each plot. Data from both studies were subjected to Abbott’s formula which adjusted for natural mortality occurring in untreated plots.
Corn Rootworm Insecticide Trials, 1989
Authors: McCartney D. A. , Reed J. P. , Stinner B. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two research plots were established at the OARDC-OSU, Wooster, OH. Both plots had been planted to corn after 1 Jun 1988. The first plot had conventional tillage practices performed while the second was no-tilled. Neither plot received any insecticide treatments in 1988. Both plots were planted by an Allis Chalmers no-till planter on which Gandy metering units were mounted to apply soil insecticides. Applications of granular soil insecticides were made over the row with 7 inch bands or in-furrow. Brace 4 E was applied as 7 inch band liquid treatment at 10 GPA and 10 psi with a pressurized Co2, 2 nozzle (8002E) research sprayer. Both plots were planted to corn on 18 May. Corn was planted at a rate of 26,000 seeds/acre. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times over both tillages. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were separated using the least significant difference method. Two roots/plot were dug, washed and rated according to the Iowa 1-6 root rating scale on 18 Jul. Root lodging was determined on 28 Aug by examining stalks lodged greater than 30 degrees from the vertical at the plant base.
Early Season Rosy Apple Aphid Control, 1989
Authors: Hull L. A. , Barrett B. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with 4 insecticide treatments and a control replicated 5 times. Plots consisted of 3 trees, one each of the cultivars Yorking, Golden Delicious, and Rome Beauty. The trees were planted at a spacing of 10 × 20 ft. and were 16-yr-old. Experimental sprays were applied with a Myers Mity Mist airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 50 gal/acre. Calculation of pesticide rates/acre (except Sun 6 E Oil) was based on tree row volume measurements (377,665 ft3/acre). Spray dates corresponded to the following phenological stages (cv Golden Delicious); half-inch green- 7 Apr and pink-25 Apr. A regular fungicide schedule (Dithane M-45 and Nova 40 WP) was maintained throughout the season. Post-bloom insecticides (Guthion, Lannate) were applied at 1- and 2-wk intervals beginning in mid-Jun. Effectiveness of the sprays for rosy apple aphid was evaluated by counting the number of RAA injured clusters/10 min observation/tree and total number of damaged apples per tree (cvs Rome Beauty arid Yorking). Pest pressure was very heavy.
Field Corn, First Generation European Corpmborer Control, 1989
Authors: Witkowski J. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Foliar treatments of registered and non-registered insec-ticides for first brood corn borer control were applied to irrigated corn plots in Dixon County, NE on 30 Jun. Granular insecticides were applied with a specially modified Hahan Hiboy. Liquid insecticides were applied in 16 gal of water/acre at 30 psi with a back-pack sprayer. Each single row plot was 70 ft in length. Twenty four hours prior to insecticide application 6 black headed ECB egg masses were infested in marked plants for later evaluation. Experimental and, which was heavily weed-infested for a year prior to planting corn in 1989, may have allowed for greater population build-up and survival of cutworms during the months prior to planting corn in 1989. Granular insecticides provided excellent contrpl of lighter infestations of cutworms (i.e., test with corn history), and less control of heavier infestations of cutworms (i.e., test with fallow history). In Trial 1, both Counter formulations were the only treatments with significantly fewer chinch bugs than the untreated check. In Trial 2, there was only a numerical trend for insecticide-treated corn to have fewer chinch bugs than untreated corn
Control of Wireworms on Field Corn, 1989
Authors: Youngman R. R. , Midgarden D. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experiment was conducted on 20 May in Northumberland County, VA to determine the effects of several commercially-available granular insecticides and a seed treatment for controlling wireworms on germinating corn seeds. The cropping history for this field included no-till soybeans planted in the spring of 1987 with no subsequent fall planting of a cover crop. In 1988, field corn was planted followed by a fall planting of crimson clover. Soil type for this field is characterized as a Suffolk fine sandy loam. A pretreatment sample of corn seeds (var. Pioneer 3184) from 30 separate, 3.3-ft row sections was made on 12 May to determine the level of wireworm feeding damage in the recently-planted field. Of the 146 seeds that were found, 71 (48.6%) exhibited feeding damage. Because of the severity of the damage the grower was forced to replant; however, in a portion of the field that was not replanted we conducted a randomized complete block experiment with 5 replicates and 7 treatments. Each plot consisted of a single, 15-ft row in which furrows were hand dug to a uniform depth of approximately 1.5 inches. Seeds were spaced 6 inches apart within the furrows providing about 30 seeds/plot, or 150 seeds/treatment overall. Each block was separated from adjacent blocks by a distance of 6.3 ft. All granular insecticides were applied in-furrow using pint canning jars (Mason) with lids in which a single opening had been drilled. Lid openings were laboratory-calibrated to deliver accurately the labeled rate for each insecticide while walking at 3 mph. The possibility of mixing one or more insecticides was avoided by using a separate jar and lid for each treatment. For the treatments involving Agrox D-L Plus, the labeled rate of 2 oz product/bushel of corn seed was used. On 4 Jun entire-plot stand counts were made, and on 5 Jun, the roots and attached seed for each corn seedling, as well as seeds which had not germinated, were removed from the soil and inspected for evidence of feeding damage.
Aliette-Rovral Disease/Compatibility Test with Temik 15 G, 1989
Authors: Burris Gene , Graves J. B. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted at the Northeast Research Station, St. Joseph, LA. Terraclor Super-X (TSX) 10 lb (FORM.)/acre and Ridomil PC 8 lb (FORM.)/acre were used as standard fungicides. Aliette-Rovral combinations were applied in granular and wettable powder formulations. Plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design and were 4 rows wide (40-inch spacing) × 65 ft long. ‘Stoneville 453’ cotton was planted on 8 May, on a commerce silt loam soil which was cover cropped with vetch and fertilized preplant with 50 lb N/acre. Treatments were applied ihfurrow with a John Deere 7300 series planter which was equipped with granular applicator split boxes. Infurrow spray treatments were applied with a compressed air power sprayer system attached to the infurrow nozzles on the planter. Major pest and/or secondary pest control was initiated in late Jun and continued on an “as needed” basis through Aug. Stand data were recorded by counting all plants on the third row on 30 May. Plant height data (in) were recorded on 13 Jun. Plant disease ratings were made on 14 Jun. Twenty plants/plot were harvested and the root lesion size was measured and assigned a rating value. Yield was estimated by harvesting the 2 center rows of each plot with a mechanical harvester on 19 Oct. The seeding rate on the John Deere 7300 planter was set to deliver 84,500 seeds/acre. Cool/wet conditions followed planting. May rainfall was 5.29 inches occurring from the 5th to the 19th and Jun rainfall was 10.06 inches. Plant populations in the treatments ranged from 49,181 to 62,551 plants per acre after emergence. The cool/wet environment caused slightly higher than normal seedling loss which ranged from 26-42%.
Insecticide Combination Trial for Heliothis Spp. Control on Cotton in Mississippi, 1989
Authors: Grant Robert R. , Reed Jack T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eleven treatments were tested for control of Heliothis spp. in irrigated cotton planted 26 May at the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS. Plots were 8 rows (40 inch centers) by 50 ft and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied to the center 4 rows by a high clearance spray tractor equipped with a compressed-air plot spray system calibrated for 5 gal/acre at 4 mph using 2 TX-4 nozzles/row. Applications were made on 17 and 29 Aug. All plots had received insecticide treatments for boll weevil and aphids as needed during the season. Date were obtained by examination of 25 squares, 25 terminals and 25 bolls/plot. All data were collected from the center 2 rows. Based on adults reared from field collected larvae, the Heliothis population was ca. 69% Heliothis virescens and 31% H. zea.
Evaluation of Pyrethroids and Organophosphates for Heliothis Spp. Control in Mississippi, 1989
Authors: Grant Robert R. , Reed Jack T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eleven treatments were tested for control of Heliothis spp. in non-irrigated cotton planted 26 May at the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS. Plots were 8 rows (40 inch centers) by 50 ft and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied to the center 4 rows by a high clearance spray tractor equipped with a compressed air plot spray system calibrated for 5 gal/acre at 4 mph using 2 TX-3 nozzles/row. Application was made on 14 Aug. All plots received insecticide treatments for nontarget pests as needed during the season. Data were obtained by examination of 25 squares, 25 terminals and 25 bolls/plot. All data were collected from the center 2 rows. Based on adults reared from field collected larvae during the test, the Heliothis population was ca. 69% Heliothis virescens and 31% H. zea.
Activity of Dipel Mixtures Against Heliothis, 1989
Authors: Roger Leonard B. , Graves J. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton was planted 25 Apr on the Macon Ridge Branch of the Northeast Research Station located near Winnsboro, LA. Plots were 16 rows (40 inch centers) by 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. Applications were made with a high clearance plot sprayer calibrated to deliver 2.5 gal total spray solution/acre through Teejet X-3 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 48 psi. Test materials were applied on 13, 26 Jul and 2 Aug. Cythion RTU 4.1 E at 1.0 lb (AI)/acre and methyl parathion 4 E 0.3 lb (AI)/acre were applied on an “as needed” basis for control of boll weevil infestations in test plots. Treatments were evaluated by examining 25 plant terminals and flower buds (squares) per plot on 17, 28 Jul and 7 Aug for the presence of live larvae and/or damage. The total number of bolls and open bolls/20 ft of row were determined in each plot on 18 Sep to estimate crop maturity. Seed cotton was mechanically harvested on 21 Sep with a spindle type picker from the center 4 rows of each plot.
Control of Tobacco Budworm and Bollworm, 1989
Authors: Roger Leonard B. , Graves J. B. , Burris Gene 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 15 Jun in plots 4 rows (40 inch centers) by 50 ft on the Northeast Research Station near St. Joseph, LA. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied on 23, 25, 28 Aug and 2 Sep. A CO2 charged application system mounted on a John Deere high-clearance sprayer and calibrated to deliver 5 gal total spray solution/acre at 44 psi through Teejet X-6 hollow nozzles (2/row) was used. No insecticides had been applied on these plots before the initiation of this test. Heliothis damage and live larvae were estimated by sampling 50 flower buds (squares) from the 2 center rows of each plot on 28 Aug, 1 and 6 Sep.
Ovo-Larvicidal Activity of Selected Insecticides, 1989
Authors: Roger Leonard B. , Graves J. B. , Burris Gene 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A small plot insecticide trial was conducted on the Northeast Research Station near St. Joseph, LA, to compare the ovicidal activity and residual toxicity of selected insecticides against Heliothis spp. on cotton. Cotton was planted on 15 Jun in plots 4 rows (40 inch centers) by 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. Insecticides were applied on 23 Aug with a CO2 charged application system mounted on a John Deere high clearance plot sprayer. A total volume of 5 gal/acre was applied through Teejet X-6 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 44 psi. No insecticides had been applied on those plots prior to the initiation of this trial. Eggs were collected 4 and 48 h posttreatment from the center 2 rows of each plot. Samples of freshly laid white eggs (10/plot) and a small piece of foliage to which the eggs were attached were removed from the plants and transported to the laboratory. Eggs were individually placed into 1 oz plastic cups partially filled with artificial diet for rearing Heliothis spp. Mortality to eggs and larvae were determined 96 h after each field collection. The surviving cohort of larvae in the control treatments were reared to adults and the species composition was found to be 100% tobacco budworm. A trace amount of rainfall (0.41 cm) was recorded 24 h after treatment, which did wet the adaxial surface of the plant leaves and could have reduced residual efficacy of some treatments.
Delta Aphid Test-VI, 1988
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Grant Robert R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five compounds or mixtures including 2 numbered compounds were evaluated on cotton planted 14 Jun at the Delta Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville, MS. Plots were 8 rows (40 inch centers) by 50 ft and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a high clearance spray tractor equipped with a compressed air plot spray system using 2 TX-4 nozzles/ row and calibrated to deliver 5 gal/acre. The aphids and thrips were counted on Vi of the abaxial side of 10 leaves/plot at each of 2 levels: the 4th leaf down from the terminal (upper canopy) and Y3-V2 of the total plant height down the plant from the terminal (middle canopy). Leaves were picked, placed in plastic bags and returned to the lab in chilled styrofoam containers for counting with dissection microscopes.
Evaluation of Early Season Thrips Control—Delta Location, 1988
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Grant Robert R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thirteen treatments were evaluated for thrips control in cotton planted 5 May in sandy loam soil on the Delta Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville, MS. The field was irrigated prior to planting and moisture conditions were good. Granular materials were pre-weighed and applied by use of a conveyer belt type granule applicator attached to the planter. Foliar applications of Orthene 75 S, Swat 8 E and Cygon 400 were made with a high clearance spray tractor equipped with a compressed air spray system calibrated for a 19 inch band at 5 gal/acre with one TX 6 nozzle/row. Orthene 75 S solution was applied at planting by a CO2 powered sprayer with a hollow cone nozzle adjusted to spray in furrow during planting at a rate of 5 gal/acre. Thrips were sampled by collecting 10 plants/plot and placing them into qt canning jars. In the laboratory the plants were washed with a few drops of detergent/pt of water, and thrips were rinsed onto a 115 mesh sieve and hence to filter paper for counting via a dissection microscope.