bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can we reduce CT scan and hospital costs in children with blunt trauma using four parameters?
Authors: Öztaş Tülin , Araç Songül , Bilici Salim 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Blunt trauma is one of the most common causes of admission to the emergency service in childhood. Children with trauma are generally evaluated in emergency services where pediatric and adult patients are together, and difficulties are experienced in managing children exposed to trauma. CT is preferred for quick detection and grading of toracoabdominal, skeleton, and neurological injury in high energy trauma. The present study aims to determine the severity of trauma and whether CT exposure can be reduced and patient cost using four parameters.
This study was conducted with 586 pediatric patients exposed to blunt abdominal trauma. The clinical prediction rule consisted of four parameters, including abdominal pain, physical examination findings, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and chest x-ray (CXR, which was used to predict intraabdominal injury in patients with blunt trauma. Patients with no parameters of the clinical decision rule were considered very low risk, and those with one or more parameters were considered at risk. The hospital cost of the patients with and without clinical decision rule was calculated and compared.

Results
In our study, according to the four-variable clinical prediction rule, 88.1% of the patients had a very low risk of intraabdominal injury and 11.9% of them were at risk. The sensitivity was 97.3%, specificity 98.2%, and accuracy was 97.4% in very low-risk patients with four variables clinical prediction rule. In the very low-risk patients, the abnormal CT rate was 0.3% and conservative treatment was performed. With the use of four variables, 0.17% of solid organ injuries may be overlooked. In the risk of patients, 2.9% of these patients were abnormal CT findings, while tube thoracostomy was performed in four patients with pneumothorax, conservative treatment was performed in other patients.
It was determined that routine computed tomography scan increased the patient cost by 5.5 times.

Conclusion
Patients exposed to blunt trauma with a very low risk of intra-abdominal injury can be identified with a four-variable clinical prediction rule. According to the four-variable clinical prediction rule, very low-risk patients do not require immediate CT. The hospital costs can be reduced by reducing the CT scan. However, it should be kept in mind that a small proportion of intra-abdominal injuries may be overlooked.
Design and development of Spaiser remotely operated vehicle
Authors: ELAFF Ihab 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDesign of new unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) is a continuous process since decades, where finding an optimal design for a specific application is still a challenging subject. New inspection class category remotely operated vehicle (ROV) is developed to overcome some disadvantages of existing ROVs of the same category. It has been taken into consideration in the new design to be small, capable of maneuvering freely in 6 DOF, closed-hull body of minimum water resistive forces, low-cost components which work with high integration, one-duct tether (at low cost) and software program to be used with any PC instead of special control station. Detailed design of the internal network that combines sensors, thrusters’ controllers, and camera of the ROV is shown and smart communication architecture between the ROV and the control station is also introduced. Finally, in the computer layer, many aspects are discussed including communication protocol between the control station and the ROV, high-precision orientation angles calculation using inertial measurement unit (IMU), heading calculation of the ROV, and GUI of the control station.
A Pilot Study of Cognition Among Hypoparathyroid Adults
Authors: Rubin Mishaela R , Tabacco Gaia , Omeragic Beatriz , Majeed Rukshana , Hale Christiane , Brickman Adam M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Hypoparathyroid patients describe cognitive deficits, yet data regarding objective assessment of cognitive function are limited. We assessed cognition in a pilot study of hypoparathyroid patients using the National Institutes of Health Toolbox® Adult Cognitive Battery (NIHTB-CB). We also sought to determine whether cognition relates to emotion, quality of life, and hypoparathyroidism-related biochemistries.

Methods
Nineteen hypoparathyroid patients were studied. Objective cognition was assessed with NIHTB-CB. Impairment was defined as fully demographically adjusted T-score &lt; 1.5 SD in at least 1 cognitive domain or &lt; 1 SD in 2 or more domains.

Results
Of the 19 participants (17 women; median age 49; 18 postsurgical), impaired demographically adjusted NIHTB-CB cognition scores were observed in 13 subjects (68%). Cognition scores correlated with self-reported perception of general health. Processing speed was the most commonly impaired cognitive domain, with T-scores that were ≤2 SD in 6 subjects (32%). Processing speed correlated with serum calcium (r = 0.53, P = 0.023) and inversely with serum phosphate (r = −0.48, P = 0.042) levels.

Conclusions
Impaired cognition using the NIHTB-CB was common in this small pilot cohort of hypoparathyroid patients. Slower processing speed was present and associated with lower serum calcium and higher serum phosphate levels. Larger controlled studies with additional neuropsychological testing are needed to investigate cognitive function in hypoparathyroidism.
Polysomal mRNA Association and Gene Expression in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Tinti Michele , Kelner-Mirôn Anna , Marriott Lizzie J. , Ferguson Michael A.J. 
Published: February 2022

Background: The contrasting physiological environments of Trypanosoma brucei procyclic (insect vector) and bloodstream (mammalian host) forms necessitates deployment of different molecular processes and, therefore, changes in protein expression. Transcriptional regulation is unusual in T. brucei because the arrangement of genes is polycistronic; however, genes which are transcribed together are subsequently cleaved into separate mRNAs by trans-splicing. Following pre-mRNA processing, the regulation of mature mRNA stability is a tightly controlled cellular process. While many stage-specific transcripts have been identified, previous studies using RNA-seq suggest that changes in overall transcript level do not necessarily reflect the abundance of the corresponding protein. Methods: To better understand the regulation of gene expression in T. brucei, we performed a bioinformatic analysis of RNA-seq on total, sub-polysomal, and polysomal mRNA samples. We further cross-referenced our dataset with a previously published proteomics dataset to identify new protein coding sequences. Results: Our analyses showed that several long non-coding RNAs are more abundant in the sub-polysome samples, which possibly implicates them in regulating cellular differentiation in T. brucei. We also improved the annotation of the T.brucei genome by identifying new putative protein coding transcripts that were confirmed by mass spectrometry data. Conclusions: Several long non-coding RNAs are more abundant in the sub-polysome cellular fractions and might pay a role in the regulation of gene expression. We hope that these data will be of wide general interest, as well as being of specific value to researchers studying gene regulation expression and life stage transitions in T. brucei.
Rates of refusal of clinical autopsies among HIV-positive decedents and an overview of autopsies in Uganda
Authors: Namuju Olivie C. , Kwizera Richard , Lukande Robert , Pastick Katelyn A. , Taylor Jonee M. , Nicol Melanie R. , Boulware David R. , Meya David B. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related mortality remains high in sub-Saharan Africa. Clinical autopsies can provide invaluable information to help ascertain the cause of death. We aimed to determine the rate and reasons for autopsy refusal amongst families of HIV-positive decedents in Uganda. Methods: We consented the next-of-kin for post-mortem examinations among Ugandan decedents with HIV from 2017-2020 at Kiruddu National Referral Hospital. For those who refused autopsies, reasons were recorded. Results: In this analysis, 165 decedents with HIV were included from three selected wards at Kiruddu National Referral Hospital. Autopsy was not performed in 45% of the deceased patients; the rate of autopsy refusal was 36%. The most common reasons for autopsy refusal were time constraints (30%), family satisfaction with clinical diagnosis (15%), fear of disfigurement of the remains (15%), and lack of perceived benefit (15%). By seeking consent from multiple family members and clearly explaining to them the purpose of performing the autopsy, we found a reduction in the rate of autopsy refusal among relatives of the deceased patients at this hospital compared to previous studies at the same site (36% vs. 60%). Conclusions: We found lower rates of autopsy refusal compared to previous studies at the same site. This underscores the importance of clearly explaining the purpose of autopsies as they increase active sensitization about their relevance and dispel myths related to autopsies among the general population. Good, culturally sensitive, and timely explanations to the family of the benefits of autopsy increase the rate of obtaining permission. Building capacity for performing autopsies by training more pathologists and increasing laboratory resources to decrease the turn-around-time for autopsy reports and extending these services to peripheral health facilities could improve autopsy acceptance rates.
How are evidence and policy conceptualised, and how do they connect? A qualitative systematic review of public policy literature
Authors: Blum Sonja , Pattyn Valérie 
Published: January 2022

Background:While current public policy scholarship can take advantage of a decades-long accumulated knowledge base on the relationship between evidence and policy, it is hard to keep the overview across different literatures. Over time, the ever more differentiated branches of public policy research have developed their own perspectives, languages, and conceptualisations of ‘evidence’ and ‘policy’, as well as their connections.
Aims and objectives:Existing reviews have stressed that studies often do not provide clear definitions of ‘policy’ or ‘evidence’, and have outlined the importance of investigating underlying conceptualisations in the literature. Against this backdrop, this article investigates how present-day public policy scholarship approaches the concepts of ‘evidence’, ‘policy’, and their connections.
Methods:We conducted a qualitative systematic review following the PRISMA method. Using a keyword search, we identified relevant articles (n=85) in eleven Q1 and Q2 policy journals included in Web of Science in the period 2015 to 2019.
Findings:The synthesis confirms that ‘evidence’ and ‘policy’ are often not clearly defined, yet different trends regarding understandings can be identified. There are two approaches taken on the evidence and policy connection: a ‘use of evidence’ or a ‘use for policy’ perspective.
Discussion and conclusions:Research on evidence and policy would benefit from more explicit conceptual discussions. This review may provide a heuristic for explicating conceptual choices when working with the notions of ‘evidence’, ‘policy’, and their connections. It also suggests several avenues that are worth exploring in future research.
Social Positioning to Increase Communication of Adults With Extensive Support Needs
Authors: Bonnike Dena R. , Douglas Karen H. , Chung Yun-Ching , Peterson-Karlan George R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Social positioning involves positioning individuals with extensive support needs (ESN) in proximity to and facing a communication partner, with access to a speech-generating device (SGD). We used a multiple probe design to evaluate if social positioning would increase the symbolic and nonsymbolic communication of 10 adults with ESN when they were out of their wheelchairs. Dependent variables included (a) SGD activations, (b) eye gaze, (c) vocalizations, and (d) reaching. Visual analysis of the results indicated a functional relation between the introduction of social positioning and increased eye gaze and SGD activations of participants while maintenance data were variable. Implications for service providers and future research directions are discussed.
Group Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy With Interoceptive Exposure for Drug-Refractory Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kikuchi Shino , Oe Yuki , Ito Yuri , Sozu Takashi , Sasaki Yohei , Sakata Masatsugu , Luo Yan , Sahker Ethan , Horikoshi Masaru , Seno Hiroshi , Furukawa Toshi A. 
Published: February 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Few people can access psychotherapy for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy (GCBT) may be efficient, but the evidence for its efficacy is weak and limited. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of GCBT with interoceptive exposure (GCBT-IE), a novel form of GCBT for drug-refractory IBS.

METHODS:
A single-center, open-label, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in Japan among people aged 18–75 years with moderate-to-severe drug-refractory IBS. Participants were stratified by IBS severity and allocated 1:1 to 10-week GCBT-IE or waiting list (WL) in a blockwise randomization by independent staff. Both arms practiced self-monitoring and received treatment as usual. Multiple primary outcomes were changes from baseline to week 13 in the IBS Symptom Severity Score and the IBS Quality of Life Measure (IBS-QOL), assessed in the intention-to-treat sample.

RESULTS:
A total of 114 people with drug-refractory IBS were randomized to GCBT-IE (n = 54) or WL (n = 60). Forty-nine participants (90.7%) in the GCBT-IE arm and 58 (96.7%) in the WL arm completed the week 13 assessment. Participants in the GCBT-IE arm reported greater improvements in both IBS symptom severity and quality of life compared with the WL arm, with −115.8 vs −29.7 on the IBS Symptom Severity Score (a difference of −86.1, 95% confidence interval −117.3 to −55.0), and 20.1 vs −0.2 on the IBS-QOL (a difference of 20.3, 95% confidence interval 15.2–25.3), respectively. Six unexpected serious adverse events were reported but were judged as unrelated to the interventions.

DISCUSSION:
GCBT-IE is an efficacious, safe, and efficient treatment option for people with drug-refractory IBS.
Sistem Pendeteksi dan Monitoring Kebocoran Gas (Liquefied Petrolum Gas) Berbasis Internet of Things
Authors: Rifa'i Aulia Faqih 
Published: January 2022

Sistem Pendeteksi dan Monitoring kebocoran gas LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) merupakan sebuah langkah antisipasi untuk keamanan dari bahaya seperti ledakan tabung gas. Banyak kejadian meledaknya sebuah gedung karena penghuninya lalai dalam mengantispasi kebocoran gas tersebut. Proyek ini menjelaskan bagaimana membuat sebuah sistem pendeteksi dengan sensor MQ-2 dihubungkan dengan Mikrokontroler ESP8266, data yang didapatkan kemudian di unggah ke sebuah server sehingga notifikasi kebocoran dapat diakses dari manapun. Sistem ini mendapatkan nilai standar ruangan tanpa kebocoran 4.28 – 4.49 dan mampu mendeteksi kebocoran dengan kandungan gas LPG 25.89 – 567.78 dalam waktu 10 menit serta mampu melaporkan secara kontinus dengan interval 1 menit. Dan sistem ini telah memenuhi kaidah Internet of things Kata Kunci : LPG, deteksi, monitoring, kebocoran, mikrokontroler
Pengembangan Model Digital Forensic Readiness Index (DiFRI) untuk Mencegah Kejahatan Dunia Maya
Authors: Widodo Tri 
Published: January 2022

Kejahatan dunia maya terus meningkat. Namun, peningkatan kejahatan dunia maya, tidak disertai banyaknya barang bukti. Hal ini mengindikasikan kurangnya pemahaman akan kejahatan dunia maya dan juga digital forensic. Kesiapan menangani kejahatan dunia maya ini disebut digital forensic Readiness. Berdasarkan studi literatur dan penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya, dapat dirumuskan bahwa faktor-faktor digital forensic Readiness ini antara lain, Strategy, Policy & Procedure, Technology & Security, Digital forensic Response, Control & Risk, and Legality. Dari berbagai faktor tersebut dapat dibuat indikator-indikator yang nantinya dapat digunakan untuk mencegah atau menindaklanjuti kejahatan dunia maya. Faktor-faktor dan indikator tersebut akan menghasilkan nilai yang disebut Digital forensic Readiness Index (DiFRI). Sehingga kesiapan institusi mencegah dan menangani kejahatan dunia maya dapat diukur dengan menggunakan DiFRI. Kata Kunci : Digital forensic, Digital forensic Readiness, Digital forensic Readiness Index (DiFRI), Kejahatan dunia maya
Pemilihan Tunneling IPv6IP pada FTP untuk Konfigurasi Transisi IPv4 Ke IPv6 Terbaik
Authors: Bilal Mochamad , Andrianto Teguh 
Published: January 2022

Alamat IP versi 6 dalam dunia jaringan komputer dimunculkan untuk mengatasi keterbatasan alokasi alamat IP versi 4, (Deering & Hinden, 1998). Diperlukan langkah secara bertahap untuk transisi dari IPv4 menuju IPv6. Salah satu metode transisi IPv4 menuju IPv6 adalah tunneling IPv6 over IPv4 (IPv6IP), (Amoss & Minoli, 2008). Terdapat beberapa macam tunneling. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kinerja dari IPv4 murni, IPv6 murni, tunneling IPv6IP manual, auto, dan GRE dengan menggunakan aplikasi FTP sebagai sarana pengujian sehingga bisa didapatkan konfigurasi terbaik untuk aplikasi FTP. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara menghubungkan komputer server dan client yang dipisahkan dengan 5 buah router cisco. Alamat hubungan antara komputer dengan ruter menggunakan IPv6 sedangkan hubungan antar router menggunakan IPv4. Setiap router yang terhubung dengan komputer dilakukan setting tunneling. Pada komputer server dijalakan software FTP server dan pada komputer client dilakukan download 10 file dengan ukuran yang berbeda-beda. Selama proses download dilakukan analisis kinerja tunneling meliputi Throughput, Goodput, dan Delay.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Information Gain untuk Seleksi Fitur Citra Tanah dalam Rangka Menilai Kesesuaian Lahan pada Tanaman Cengkeh
Authors: Bimantoro Danang Aji , Uyun Shofwatul 
Published: January 2022

Cengkeh merupakan komoditas perkebunan yang memiliki nilai ekonomis cukup tinggi sehingga perlu penambahan lahan untuk meningkatkan produksinya. Penentuan lahan baru yang tepat perlu mempertimbangkan banyak faktor, salah satunya adalah karakteristik sifat tanah itu sendiri. Kesesuaian lahan untuk tanaman cengkeh dapat dibedakan secara visual menggunakan citra berdasarkan fitur warna dan tekstur. Parameter yang digunakan dari hasil ekstraksi kedua fitur tersebut adalah nilai rata-rata dari (red, green, blue) serta (mean, variance, kurtosis, skewness, entropy). Penggunaan seluruh parameter tersebut tidak berkolerasi positif dengan hasil akurasi penilaian kesesuaian lahan untuk tanaman cengkeh. Oleh Karena itu perlu dilakukan proses seleksi fitur untuk mendapatkan parameter yang memiliki pengaruh dalam penentuan hasil pengenalan lahan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis pengaruh penggunaan information gain untuk seleksi fitur citra tanah dalam rangka menilai kesesuaian lahan pada tanaman cengkeh. Jumlah data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah 50 citra yang terbagi menjadi dua citra tanah yang sesuai dan tidak sesuai untuk tanaman cengkeh. Tahapan penelitian ini diawali dengan akuisisi citra, pra pengolahan terhadap citra, ekstraksi fitur, seleksi fitur, clustering dilanjutkan dengan analisis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan penggunaan fitur hasil dari proses seleksi fitur menggunakan information gain terbukti mampu meningkatkan nilai akurasi. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan tingkat akurasi penggunaan fitur tanpa proses seleksi hanya 50%, sedangkan fitur terpilih dari hasil seleksi menggunakan information gain dengan nilai threshold 0,7 naik menjadi 88%.Kata Kunci: pengolahan citra digital, information gain, fuzzy c-means, tanah, cengkeh
Pertumbuhan Mikroalga Chaetoceros calcitrans Pada Kultivasi Dengan Intensitas Cahaya Berbeda
Authors: Prasetyo Linggar Dirgantara , Supriyantini Endang , Sedjati Sri 
Published: January 2022

Chaetoceros calcitrans can be used for natural food in aquaculture. Microalgae growth is influenced by several factors, one of which is light intensity. This study aims to determine the intensity of light that can produce the best growth in C. calcitrans microalgae. The study design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with two replications. This study uses a treatment (light intensity) with four levels of treatment, namely 1000 (control), 1500, 2000 and 2500 lux with a duration of lighting 12 hours light: 12 hours dark. Calculation of density and measurement of water quality parameters are carried out every day during the cultivation process. Harvesting is done in a stationary phase. The results showed that different light intensities affected the growth of C. calcitrans microalgae (p=0,000). Light intensity of 2500 lux in medium scale C. calcitrans (60 L) culture can produce the highest growth on the tenth day which is 67x10⁵ cells/ml and biomass 13,75 grams.Chaetoceros calcitrans merupakan mikroalga yang dapat digunakan sebagai pakan alami. Pertumbuhan mikroalga dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya adalah intensitas cahaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui intensitas cahaya yang dapat menghasilkan pertumbuhan terbaik pada mikroalga C. calcitrans. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan dua kali pengulangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan perlakuan (intensitas cahaya) dengan empat taraf perlakuan yaitu 1000 (kontrol), 1500, 2000 dan 2500 lux dengan durasi pencahayaan 12 terang : 12 gelap. Perhitungan kepadatan dan pengukuran parameter kualitas air dilakukan setiap hari selama proses kultivasi. Pemanenan dilakukan pada fase stasioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intensitas cahaya yang berbeda mempengaruhi pertumbuhan mikroalga C. calcitrans (p=0,000). Intensitas cahaya 2500 lux pada kultur C. calcitrans skala medium (60 L) dapat menghasilkan pertumbuhan tertinggi pada hari ke sepuluh yaitu 67 x 105 sel/ml dan biomasa kering 13,75 gram.