bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physics-Constrained Bayesian Neural Network for Bias and Variance Reduction
Authors: Malashkhia Luka , Liu Dehao , Lu Yanglong , Wang Yan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
When neural networks are applied to solve complex engineering problems, the lack of training data can make the predictions of the surrogate inaccurate. Recently, physics-constrained neural networks were introduced to integrate physical models in the data-driven surrogate to improve the training efficiency with limited data. Nevertheless, the model-form and parameter uncertainty associated with the neural networks can still lead to unreliable predictions. In this article, a new physics-constrained Bayesian neural network (PCBNN) framework is proposed to quantify the uncertainty in physics-constrained neural networks. The bias and variance of predictions are considered simultaneously during the PCBNN training process. The variance and Kullback–Leibler divergence of neural network parameters are incorporated in the total loss function. The weights associated with the different losses are adjusted adaptively. The training of PCBNNs is also formulated as solving a minimax problem where the loss function for the worst-case scenario is minimized. The new PCBNN framework is demonstrated with engineering examples of heat transfer and phase transition based on both simulation data and experimental measurements. The results show that the accuracy and precision of predictions can be improved with the variance consideration in the PCBNN.
Monkeypox as an emerging infectious disease: the ophthalmic implications
Authors: Milligan Alice L , Koay Su-yin , Dunning Jake 
Published: October 2022

The 2022 outbreak of monkeypox is of worldwide significance. There has been a rapid escalation in case numbers despite efforts to contain it and the WHO has declared it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. To date, over 51 257 laboratory-confirmed cases have been reported, the majority in non-endemic countries, with 3279 in the UK. It is vital for ophthalmologists to understand this disease and the risk it poses. Human monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus, a double-stranded DNA virus in theOrthopoxvirusgenus of thePoxviridaefamily. Other orthopoxviruses include variola (smallpox), cowpox and vaccinia; all of which have significant ocular sequelae. Transmission occurs from an animal reservoir (unknown, likely rodents) to a human host, leading to secondary human-to-human spread. During the recent outbreak, a higher incidence has been found in gay, bisexual or other men who have sex with men. Clinical diagnosis may be challenging as presentation can mimic common ophthalmic diseases. A thorough history is key to identifying potential cases. Ophthalmic manifestations may include preseptal cellulitis, conjunctivitis and keratitis. The oral antiviral agent tecovirimat, which was developed to treat smallpox, is the mainstay of treatment. Trifluorothymidine (trifluridine) eye-drops can be used for ophthalmic involvement. In addition, smallpox vaccines have provided some cross-immunity. Ocular monkeypox should be managed by infectious diseases specialists, in consultation with ophthalmologists to provide the expertise needed to treat potentially vision-threatening complications. This outbreak highlights the need for healthcare providers to implement appropriate infection control measures and be familiar with the identification and treatment of both cutaneous and ocular disease.
Evolution of holographic dark energy model with adiabatic matter creation
Authors: Kaur Simran , Singh C. P. 
Published: October 2022

We study the holographic dark energy (HDE) with adiabatic matter creation process to explain the present-day accelerated expansion of the Universe. The field equations are discussed and solved analytically for various cosmological parameters such as the Hubble parameter, deceleration parameter and effective equation of state parameter in terms of redshift by considering a more general form of the matter creation rate. The viability of such model is checked using the recent data of Type Ia supernovae Pantheon sample, Hubble function [Formula: see text] data, joined data of baryon acoustic oscillations/cosmic microwave background and latest local [Formula: see text] by SH0ES. We achieve the most fitting values of model parameters by performing the statistical analysis of our model with the three different combination of data sets. The HDE model, with IR cutoff as Hubble horizon, in the absence of matter creation does not show phase transition. While the induction of matter creation to the same model shows the recent transition from a decelerating to an accelerated phase. Our outcomes show that the model with matter creation is compatible with the data sets used. We find that the HDE model with matter creation provides the Hubble function which matches sufficiently well with the observed Hubble data. Finally, we perform geometrical and cosmographic analyses to explicate our model and compare it with the other dark energy models like [Formula: see text]CDM model. It is found that the evolution of model starts from Chaplygin gas region in early times, enters into quintessence region in medieval time and finally approaches to [Formula: see text]CDM model.
Circulating IgA Antibodies AgainstFusobacterium nucleatumAmyloid Adhesin FadA are a Potential Biomarker for Colorectal Neoplasia
Authors: Baik Jung Eun , Li Li , Shah Manish A. , Freedberg Daniel E. , Jin Zhezhen , Wang Timothy C. , Han Yiping W. 
Published: October 2022

Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is a gram-negative oral anaerobe and prevalent in colorectal cancer. Fn encodes a unique amyloid-like adhesin, FadA complex (FadAc), consisting of intact pre-FadA and cleaved mature FadA, to promote colorectal cancer tumorigenesis. We aimed to evaluate circulating anti-FadAc antibody levels as a biomarker for colorectal cancer. Circulating anti-FadAc IgA and IgG levels were measured by ELISA in two study populations. In study 1, plasma samples from patients with colorectal cancer (n = 25) and matched healthy controls (n = 25) were obtained from University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center. Plasma levels of anti-FadAc IgA were significantly increased in patients with colorectal cancer (mean ± SD: 1.48 ± 1.07 μg/mL) compared with matched healthy controls (0.71 ± 0.36 μg/mL; P = 0.001). The increase was significant in both early (stages I and II) and advanced (stages III and IV) colorectal cancer. In study 2, sera from patients with colorectal cancer (n = 50) and patients with advanced colorectal adenomas (n = 50) were obtained from the Weill Cornell Medical Center biobank. Anti-FadAc antibody titers were stratified according to the tumor stage and location. Similar as study 1, serum levels of anti-FadAc IgA were significantly increased in patients with colorectal cancer (2.06 ± 1.47 μg/mL) compared with patients with colorectal adenomas (1.49 ± 0.99 μg/mL; P = 0.025). Significant increase was limited to proximal cancers, but not distal tumors. Anti-FadAc IgG was not increased in either study population, suggesting that Fn likely translocates through the gastrointestinal tract and interact with colonic mucosa. Anti-FadAc IgA, but not IgG, is a potential biomarker for early detection of colorectal neoplasia, especially for proximal tumors.Significance:Fn, an oral anaerobe highly prevalent in colorectal cancer, secretes the amyloid-like FadAc to promote colorectal cancer tumorigenesis. We report that circulating levels of anti-FadAc IgA, but not IgG, are increased in patients with both early and advanced colorectal cancer compared with the healthy controls, and especially in those with proximal colorectal cancer. Anti-FadAc IgA may be developed into a serological biomarker for early detection of colorectal cancer.
Building an efficient content based image retrieval system by changing the database structure
Authors: Jassim Mohammed Rana , J. Y. Aldarwish Abdulla , A. Yassin Ali 
Published: October 2022

The <span>amount of interest in digital images is growing because of the advent of the World Wide Web. Many different industries are making use of digital images today, including medicine, design, journalism, education, and more. Images can be stored and retrieved using a variety of techniques and methods. Nevertheless, the majority of those engines are dependent on Meta data (key-words, descriptions, tags). Although efficient, costly, and able to target keywords and tags with each image, and these engines have their shortcomings. Though it may be possible to use a filtering system to give more accurate results, there are additional issues.</span>
Trends in 1-Year Recurrent Ischemic Stroke in the US Medicare Fee-for-Service Population
Authors: Leifheit Erica C. , Wang Yun , Goldstein Larry B. , Lichtman Judith H. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
There have been important advances in secondary stroke prevention and a focus on healthcare delivery over the past decades. Yet, data on US trends in recurrent stroke are limited. We examined national and regional patterns in 1-year recurrence among Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized for ischemic stroke from 2001 to 2017.

Methods:
This cohort study included all fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years who were discharged alive with a principal diagnosis of ischemic stroke from 2001 to 2017. Follow-up was up to 1 year through 2018. Cox models were used to assess temporal trends in 1-year recurrent ischemic stroke, adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics. We mapped recurrence rates and identified persistently high-recurrence counties as those with rates in the highest sextile for stroke recurrence in ≥5 of the following periods: 2001–2003, 2004–2006, 2007–2009, 2010–2012, 2013–2015, and 2016–2017.

Results:
There were 3 638 346 unique beneficiaries discharged with stroke (mean age 79.0±8.1 years, 55.2% women, 85.3% White). The national 1-year recurrent stroke rate decreased from 11.3% in 2001–2003 to 7.6% in 2016–2017 (relative reduction, 33.5% [95% CI, 32.5%–34.5%]). There was a 2.3% (95% CI, 2.2%–2.4%) adjusted annual decrease in recurrence from 2001 to 2017 that included reductions in all age, sex, and race subgroups. County-level recurrence rates ranged from 5.5% to 14.0% in 2001–2003 and from 0.2% to 8.9% in 2016–2017. There were 76 counties, concentrated in the South-Central United States, that had the highest recurrence throughout the study. These counties had populations with a higher proportion of Black residents and uninsured adults, greater wealth inequity, poorer general health, and reduced preventive testing rates as compared with other counties.

Conclusions:
Recurrent ischemic strokes decreased over time overall and across demographic subgroups; however, there were geographic areas with persistently higher recurrence rates. These findings can inform secondary prevention intervention opportunities for high-risk populations and communities.
A Physically Based, Meshless Lagrangian Approach to Simulate Melting Precipitation
Authors: Pelissier Craig , Olson William , Kuo Kwo-Sen , Loftus Adrian , Schrom Robert , Adams Ian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An outstanding challenge in modeling the radiative properties of stratiform rain systems is an accurate representation of the mixed-phase hydrometeors present in the melting layer. The use of ice spheres coated with meltwater or mixed-dielectric spheroids have been used as rough approximations, but more realistic shapes are needed to improve the accuracy of the models. Recently, realistically structured synthetic snowflakes have been computationally generated, with radiative properties that were shown to be consistent with coincident airborne radar and microwave radiometer observations. However, melting such finely structured ice hydrometeors is a challenging problem, and most of the previous efforts have employed heuristic approaches. In the current work, physical laws governing the melting process are applied to the melting of synthetic snowflakes using a meshless-Lagrangian computational approach henceforth referred to as the Snow Meshless Lagrangian Technique (SnowMeLT). SnowMeLT is capable of scaling across large computing clusters, and a collection of synthetic aggregate snowflakes from NASA’s OpenSSP database with diameters ranging from 2 to 10.5 mm are melted as a demonstration of the method. To properly capture the flow of meltwater, the simulations are carried out at relatively high resolution (15 μm), and a new analytic approximation is developed to simulate heat transfer from the environment without the need to simulate the atmosphere explicitly.
A Systematic Review of Outcomes Following Lisfranc Injury Fixation: Removal vs Retention of Metalwork
Authors: Rhodes Amanda M. L. , McMenemy Louise , Connell Richard , Elliot Robin , Marsland Daniel 
Published: October 2022

Background: Following Lisfranc injury fixation, no consensus exists on whether to routinely remove metalwork. The aim of this study was to evaluate functional outcomes and complications in patients following routine removal of metalwork and in those with retained metalwork. Methods: A systematic review of literature (1999-2020) reporting results of metalwork removal vs retention following Lisfranc injury fixation, was undertaken. The primary outcome was functional outcomes at 1 year following index surgery. Secondary outcomes were rates of complications including unplanned removal of metalwork. Results: No studies directly comparing routine metalwork removal vs retention were found. A total of 28 studies reporting on 1069 patients were included. Of these, 10 studies (317 patients) reported on retention and 18 (752 patients) on routine removal of metalwork. The difference in the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score between removal and retention groups was 3.38 (95% CI 6.3-0.48), P = .02 (removal 79.97 [±16.09; 71-96]; retention 76.59 [±20.36; 65.4-94]). No difference in reported rates of infection was found between the 2 groups (0%-12% for both groups). Of the 317 patients in the retention group, metalwork was removed in 198 cases, resulting in a 62.5% unplanned removal rate. Conclusion: In conclusion, this systematic review found limited evidence comparing different strategies of metalwork management after Lisfranc injury fixation. A randomized controlled trial is necessary to elucidate if routine removal of metalwork confers any true benefit. Level of Evidence: Level IV, systematic review including case series.
Surgical treatment features of liver gunshot wound with a dumdum bullet (expanding bullet)
Authors: Anatoliyovych Igor Lurin , Yuriyovych Olexander Usenko , Valentynovych Oleksandr Hrynenko 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Liver injury is one of the most common abdominal traumas. The causes of military activity related injuries are gunshot wounds (up to 60–70%), while in peacetime—closed blunt abdominal trauma (up to 45–55%). The overall mortality is up to 40–60% and has higher rates in the group of wartime injury, among the male population over 65 years old and of low social status.

Presentation of the case
We report the management of a clinical case of a 34-year-old man with thoracoabdominal dumdum’s bullet trauma in the case of which damage control tactics were applied in cooperation between two clinics in conditions of active hostilities.

Discussions
Treatment of patients with abdominal injuries should be guided by the principles of damage control. This tactic requires stabilization of the patient's condition at the initial stage, followed by the completion of the final volume of surgical treatment in a compensated state of the patient. Liver injuries represent an ideal model for the application of damage control surgery in wartime settings and require close coordination between clinics that perform primary and delayed surgical interventions. Minimizing the volume of surgical intervention at the stage of primary control of bleeding due to liver damage provides the most optimal immediate results in conditions of a hemodynamically unstable patients, simultaneous admission of a large number of wounded, and a limited clinic resource.

Conclusion
This surgical history research is an example of the effectively organized and coordinated work of two clinics such as National Military Medical Clinical Center “Main Military Clinical Hospital” and Shalimov National Institute of Surgery and Transplantation, based on the principle of damage control in conditions of active hostilities.
Morphine-induced changes in the function of microglia and macrophages after acute spinal cord injury
Authors: Terminel Mabel N. , Bassil Carla , Rau Josephina , Trevino Amanda , Ruiz Cristina , Alaniz Robert , Hook Michelle A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundOpioids are among the most effective and commonly prescribed analgesics for the treatment of acute pain after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, morphine administration in the early phase of SCI undermines locomotor recovery, increases cell death, and decreases overall health in a rodent contusion model. Based on our previous studies we hypothesize that morphine acts on classic opioid receptors to alter the immune response. Indeed, we found that a single dose of intrathecal morphine increases the expression of activated microglia and macrophages at the injury site. Whether similar effects of morphine would be seen with repeated intravenous administration, more closely simulating clinical treatment, is not known.MethodsTo address this, we used flow cytometry to examine changes in the temporal expression of microglia and macrophages after SCI and intravenous morphine. Next, we explored whether morphine changed the function of these cells through the engagement of cell-signaling pathways linked to neurotoxicity using Western blot analysis.ResultsOur flow cytometry studies showed that 3 consecutive days of morphine administration after an SCI significantly increased the number of microglia and macrophages around the lesion. Using Western blot analysis, we also found that repeated administration of morphine increases β-arrestin, ERK-1 and dynorphin (an endogenous kappa opioid receptor agonist) production by microglia and macrophages.ConclusionsThese results suggest that morphine administered immediately after an SCI changes the innate immune response by increasing the number of immune cells and altering neuropeptide synthesis by these cells.
A telemonitoring programme in patients with heart failure in France: a cost-utility analysis
Authors: Caillon Mégane , Sabatier Rémi , Legallois Damien , Courouve Laurène , Donio Valérie , Boudevin Florence , de Chalus Thibault , Hauchard Karine , Belin Annette , Milliez Paul 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Certain telemedicine programmes for heart failure (HF) have been shown to reduce all-cause mortality and heart failure-related hospitalisations, but their cost-effectiveness remains controversial. The SCAD programme is a home-based interactive telemonitoring service for HF, which is one of the largest and longest-running telemonitoring programmes for HF in France. The objective of this cost-utility analysis was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the SCAD programme with respect to standard hospital-based care in patients with HF.

Methods
A Markov model simulating hospitalisations and mortality in patients with HF was constructed to estimate outcomes and costs. The model included six distinct health states (three ‘not hospitalised’ states, two ‘hospitalisation for heart failure’ states, both depending on the number of previous hospitalisations, and one death state). The model lifetime in the base case was 10 years. Model inputs were based on published literature. Outputs (costs and QALYs) were compared between SCAD participants and standard care. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to assess uncertainty in the input parameters of the model.

Results
The number of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) was 3.75 in the standard care setting and 4.41 in the SCAD setting. This corresponds to a gain in QALYs provided by the SCAD programme of 0.65 over the 10 years lifetime of the model. The estimated total cost was €30,932 in the standard care setting and €35,177 in the SCAD setting, with an incremental cost of €4245. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for the SCAD programme over standard care was estimated at €4579/QALY. In the deterministic sensitivity analysis, the variables that had the most impact on the ICER were HF management costs. The likelihood of the SCAD programme being considered cost-effective was 90% at a willingness-to-pay threshold of €11,800.

Conclusions
Enrolment of patients into the SCAD programme is highly cost-effective. Extension of the programme to other hospitals and more patients would have a limited budget impact but provide important clinical benefits. This finding should also be taken into account in new public health policies aimed at encouraging a shift from inpatient to ambulatory care.
Measurement and mapping of maternal health service coverage through a novel composite index: a sub-national level analysis in India
Authors: Kiran Tanvi , Junaid K. P. , Rajagopal Vineeth , Gupta Madhu , Sharma Divya 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Expansion of maternal health service coverage is crucial for the survival and wellbeing of both mother and child. To date, limited literature exists on the measurement of maternal health service coverage at the sub-national level in India. The prime objectives of the study were to comprehensively measure the maternal health service coverage by generating a composite index, map India by categorizing it into low, medium and high zones and examine its incremental changes over time.

Methods
Utilising a nationally representative time series data of 15 key indicators spread across three domains of antenatal care, intranatal care and postnatal care, we constructed a novel ‘Maternal Health Service Coverage Index’ (MHSI) for 29 states and 5 union territories of India for the base (2017–18) and reference (2019–20) years. Following a rigorous procedure, MHSI scores were generated using both arithmetic mean and geometric mean approaches. We categorized India into low, medium and high maternal health service coverage zones and further generated geospatial maps to examine the extent and transition of maternal health service coverage from base to reference year.

Results
India registered the highest mean percentage coverage (93.7%) for ‘institutional delivery’ and the lowest for ‘treatment for obstetric complications’ (9.3%) among all the indicators. Depending on the usage of arithmetic mean and geometric mean approaches, the maternal health service coverage index score for India exhibited marginal incremental change (between 0.015—0.019 index points) in the reference year. West zone exhibited an upward transition in the coverage of maternal health service indicators, while none of the zones recorded a downward movement. The states of Mizoram (east zone) and the Union Territory of Puducherry (south zone) showed a downward transition. Union territories of Dadra & Nagar Haveli (west zone) and Chandigarh (north zone), along with the states of Maharashtra (west zone), Assam, as well as Jharkhand (both from the east & north east zone), showed upward transition.

Conclusion
Overall, maternal health service coverage is increasing across India. Our study offers a novel summary measure to comprehensively quantify the coverage of maternal health services, which can momentously help India identify lagged indicators and low performing regions, thereby warranting the targeted interventions and concentrated programmatic efforts to bolster the maternal health service coverage at the sub-national level.