bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three Rules for the Decrease of Tropical Convection With Global Warming
Authors: Jeevanjee Nadir 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTropical convection is expected to decrease with warming, in a variety of ways. Specific incarnations of this idea include the “stability‐iris” hypothesis of decreasing anvil cloud coverage, as well as the decrease of both tropospheric and cloud‐base mass fluxes with warming. This paper seeks to encapsulate these phenomena into three “rules,” and to explore their interrelationships and robustness, using both analytical reasoning as well as cloud‐resolving and global climate simulations. We find that each of these rules can be derived analytically from the usual expression for clear‐sky subsidence, so they all embody the same essential physics. But, these rules do not all provide the same degree of constraint: the stability‐iris effect is not entirely robust due to unconstrained microphysical degrees of freedom, and the decrease in cloud‐base mass flux is not entirely robust due to unconstrained effects of entrainment and detrainment. Tropospheric mass fluxes on the other hand are shown to be well‐constrained theoretically, and when evaluated in temperature coordinates they exhibit a monotonic decrease with warming at all vertical levels and across a hierarchy of models.
High deforestation trajectories in Cambodia slowly transformed through economic land concession restrictions and strategic execution of REDD+ protected areas
Authors: Pauly Maren , Crosse Will , Tosteson Joshua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractProtected Areas (PAs) are continuously being established in tropical forests in an effort to preserve biodiversity and reduce deforestation. It was recently demonstrated that PAs are more effective at reducing forest loss than unprotected control sites across southeast Asia. The voluntary REDD+ scheme offers a new framework for the protection of high deforestation landscapes, jurisdictions, and countries backed by international carbon finance. Here we analyzed the economic drivers of deforestation in Cambodia and the effectiveness of 3 REDD+ projects vs. adjacent protected areas. We find that Economic Land Concessions were a predominant driver of deforestation in Cambodia and influenced the trajectory of illegal forest conversion in PAs. Furthermore, REDD+ projects offer significantly more protection against deforestation than adjacent PAs in two of the three analyzed cases, likely due to enhanced funding enabling implementation of targeted community activities and rigorous monitoring and enforcement.
Bee-safe peptidomimetic acaricides achieved by comparative genomics
Authors: Jindal Vikas , Li Daqi , Rault Leslie C. , Fatehi Soheila , Singh Rupinder , Mating Moritz , Zou Ye , Ng Ho-Leung , Kaczmarek Krzysztof , Zabrocki Janusz , Gui Shunhua , Smagghe Guy , Anderson Troy D. , Nachman Ronald J. , Park Yoonseong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe devastating Varroa mite (Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman) is an obligatory ectoparasite of the honey bee, contributing to significant colony losses in North America and throughout the world. The limited number of conventional acaricides to reduce Varroa mites and prevent disease in honey bee colonies is challenged with wide-spread resistance and low target-site selectivity. Here, we propose a biorational approach using comparative genomics for the development of honey bee-safe and selective acaricides targeting the Varroa mite-specific neuropeptidergic system regulated by proctolin, which is lacking in the honey bee. Proctolin is a highly conserved pentapeptide RYLPT (Arg-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Thr) known to act through a G protein-coupled receptor to elicit myotropic activity in arthropod species. A total of 33 different peptidomimetic and peptide variants were tested on the Varroa mite proctolin receptor. Ligand docking model and mutagenesis studies revealed the importance of the core aromatic residue Tyr2 in the proctolin ligand. Peptidomimetics were observed to have significant oral toxicity leading to the paralysis and death of Varroa mites, while there were no negative effects observed for honey bees. We have demonstrated that a taxon-specific physiological target identified by advanced genomics information offers an opportunity to develop Varroa mite-selective acaricides, hence, expedited translational processes.
Phase angle obtained via bioelectrical impedance analysis and objectively measured physical activity or exercise habits
Authors: Yamada Yosuke , Yoshida Tsukasa , Murakami Haruka , Kawakami Ryoko , Gando Yuko , Ohno Harumi , Tanisawa Kumpei , Konishi Kana , Julien Tripette , Kondo Emi , Nakagata Takashi , Nanri Hinako , Miyachi Motohiko 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe phase angle (PhA), measured via bioelectrical impedance analysis, is considered an indicator of cellular health, where higher values reflect higher cellularity, cell membrane integrity, and better cell function. This study aimed to examine the relationship between PhA and exercise habits or objectively measured physical activity. We included 115 people aged 32–69 years. The body composition and PhA were measured using a bioelectrical impedance device. Physical activity and sedentary behavior (SB) were assessed using a triaxial accelerometer. Exercise habits were also obtained through structured interviews, and participants were categorized into the no exercise habit (No-Ex), resistance training exercise habit (RT), or aerobic training exercise habit (AT) groups. Objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity or step count significantly correlated with PhA, independent of age, sex, height, percent body fat, body cell mass, and leg muscle power. In contrast, SB was not significant determinants of PhA. People who exercised regularly (RT or AT) had significantly higher PhA values than did those in the No-Ex group. Furthermore, the PhA was not significantly different between the RT and AT groups. Regularly engaging in exercise with moderate-to-vigorous intensity may improve or maintain muscle cellular health and muscle quality.
Colocalization of senescent biomarkers in deep, superficial, and ovarian endometriotic lesions: a pilot study
Authors: Palmieri Laura , Malvezzi Helena , Cestari Bruna , Podgaec Sergio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEndometriosis is a prevalent gynecological condition with deleterious effects on women’s quality of life in terms of physical, emotional, and social compromise. It is an inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, and its presentation varies from superficial peritoneal lesions to deep infiltrative endometriosis and ovarian endometrioma. In our previous study, endometriotic lesions were implicated in cellular senescence as their inflammatory pattern could potentially compromise surrounding tissue integrity, thereby inducing a senescent state in cells. P16Ink4a and lamin b1 are biomarkers used to assess cellular senescence. Indirect immunofluorescence staining is a broad technique used to assess cellular structure and behavior driven by protein–protein interactions that provide valuable information about cell functioning. The etiopathogeny of endometriosis is not completely understood and diagnostic approaches still rely on invasive methods; therefore, it is important to use validated methods to increase our understanding of the disease and the development of novel diagnostic tools. However, indirect immunofluorescence protocols are often tissue specific and, if neglected, can lead to misinterpretation of results. Moreover, no valid endometriotic tissue-specific colocalization immunofluorescence protocols have been established. Thus, we have validated a well-funded and suitable protocol to allow precise evaluation of the three presentations of endometriosis lesions using indirect immunofluorescence aiming to support further investigations in endometriosis lesions.
Characterization of a GH5 endoxylanase from Penicillium funiculosum and its synergism with GH16 endo-1,3(4)-glucanase in saccharification of sugarcane bagasse
Authors: Ogunyewo Olusola A. , Okereke Omoaruemike E. , Kumar Sandeep , Yazdani Syed Shams 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe production of second-generation fuels from lignocellulosic residues such as sugarcane bagasse (SCB) requires the synergistic interaction of key cellulose-degrading enzymes and accessory proteins for their complete deconstruction to useful monomeric sugars. Here, we recombinantly expressed and characterized unknown GH5 xylanase from P. funiculosum (PfXyn5) in Pichia pastoris, which was earlier found in our study to be highly implicated in SCB saccharification. The PfXyn5 has a molecular mass of ~ 55 kDa and showed broad activity against a range of substrates like xylan, xyloglucan, laminarin and p-nitrophenyl-β-d-xylopyranoside, with the highest specific activity of 0.7 U/mg against xylan at pH 4.5 and 50 °C. Analysis of the degradation products of xylan and SCB by PfXyn5 showed significant production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) with a degree of polymerization (DP) ranging from two (DP2) to six (DP6), thus, suggesting that the PfXyn5 is an endo-acting enzyme. The enzyme synergistically improved the saccharification of SCB when combined with the crude cellulase cocktail of P. funiculosum with a degree of synergism up to 1.32. The PfXyn5 was further expressed individually and simultaneously with a notable GH16 endoglucanase (PfEgl16) in a catabolite-derepressed strain of P. funiculosum, PfMig188, and the saccharification efficiency of the secretomes from the resulting transformants were investigated on SCB. The secretome of PfMig188 overexpressing Xyn5 or Egl16 increased the saccharification of SCB by 9% or 7%, respectively, over the secretome of PfMig188, while the secretome of dual transformant increased SCB saccharification by ~ 15% at the same minimal protein concentration.
Effects of super-class cannabis terpenes beta-caryophyllene and alpha-pinene on zebrafish behavioural biomarkers
Authors: Johnson Andréa , Stewart Alycia , El-Hakim Ismaeel , Hamilton Trevor J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTerpenes possess a wide range of medicinal properties and are potential therapeutics for a variety of pathological conditions. This study investigated the acute effects of two cannabis terpenes, β-caryophyllene and α-pinene, on zebrafish locomotion, anxiety-like, and boldness behaviour using the open field exploration and novel object approach tests. β-caryophyllene was administered in 0.02%, 0.2%, 2.0%, and 4% doses. α-pinene was administered in 0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.1% doses. As α-pinene is a racemic compound, we also tested its (+) and (−) enantiomers to observe any differential effects. β-caryophyllene had only a sedative effect at the highest dose tested. α-pinene had differing dose-dependent effects on anxiety-like and motor variables. Specifically, (+)-α-pinene and (−)-α-pinene had significant effects on anxiety measures, time spent in the thigmotaxis (outer) or center zone, in the open field test, as well as locomotor variables, swimming velocity and immobility. (+ /−)-α-pinene showed only a small effect on the open field test on immobility at the 0.1% dose. This study demonstrates that α-pinene can have a sedative or anxiolytic effect in zebrafish and may have different medicinal properties when isolated into its (+) or (−) enantiomers.
Improving remote material classification ability with thermal imagery
Authors: Großmann Willi , Horn Helena , Niggemann Oliver 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMaterial recognition using optical sensors is a key enabler technology in the field of automation. Nowadays, in the age of deep learning, the challenge shifted from (manual) feature engineering to collecting big data. State of the art recognition approaches are based on deep neural networks employing huge databases. But still, it is difficult to transfer these latest recognition results into the wild—various lighting conditions, a changing image quality, or different and new material classes are challenging complications. Evaluating a larger electromagnetic spectrum is one way to master these challenges. In this study, the infrared (IR) emissivity as a material specific property is investigated regarding its suitability for increasing the material classification reliability. Predictions of a deep learning model are combined with engineered features from IR data. This approach increases the overall accuracy and helps to differentiate between materials that visually appear similar. The solution is verified using real data from the field of automatized disinfection processes.
Reliability and feasibility of visual grading systems and quantitative indexes on [99mTc]Tc-DPD imaging for cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Bae Sungwoo , Gil Joonhyung , Paeng Jin Chul , Park Eun-Ah , Lee Seung-Pyo , Choi Hongyoon , Kang Keon Wook , Cheon Gi Jeong , Lee Dong Soo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the reliability and feasibility of visual grading systems and various quantitative indexes of [99mTc]Tc-DPD imaging for cardiac amyloidosis (CA). Patients who underwent [99mTc]Tc-DPD imaging with suspicion of CA were enrolled. On the planar image, myocardial uptake was visually graded using Perugini’s and Dorbala’s methods (PS and DS). As [99mTc]Tc-DPD indexes, heart-to-whole body ratio (H/WB) and heart-to-contralateral lung ratio (H/CL) were measured on planar image. SUVmax, SUVmean, total myocardial uptake (TMU), and C-index were measured on SPECT/CT. Inter-observer agreement of the indexes and their association with visual grading and clinical factors were evaluated. A total of 152 [99mTc]Tc-DPD images, of which 18 were positive, were analyzed. Inter-observer agreement was high for both DS (κ = 0.95) and PS (κ = 0.96). However, DS showed a higher correlation with quantitative indexes than PS. Inter-observer agreement was also high for SPECT/CT indexes, particularly SUVmax. SUVmax was significantly different between different DS groups (P = 0.014–0.036), and showed excellent correlations with H/WB and H/CL (r = 0.898 and 0.910). SUVmax also showed significant differences between normal, AL, and ATTR pathology (P = 0.022–0.037), and a significant correlation with extracellular volume on cardiac MRI (r = 0.772, P < 0.001). DS is a visual grading system for CA that is more significantly matched with quantitative indexes than PS. SUVmax is a reliable quantitative index on SPECT/CT, with a high inter-observer agreement, correlations with the visual grade, and potential association with cardiac MRI findings.
VASA protein and gene expression analysis of human non-obstructive azoospermia and normal by immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, and bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Amirian Mehdi , Azizi Hossein , Hashemi Karoii Danial , Skutella Thomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVASA, also known as DDX4, is a member of the DEAD-box proteins and an RNA binding protein with an ATP-dependent RNA helicase. The VASA gene expression, which is required for human germ cell development, may lead to infertility. Immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry were used to examine the expression of VASA protein in the human testis sections of azoospermic patients, in-vitro and in-silico models. Some studies of fertile humans showed VASA expression in the basal and adluminal compartments of seminiferous tubules. Our Immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry in infertile humans showed expression of VASA in the luminal compartments of the seminiferous tubule. The immunohistochemical analysis of three human cases with different levels of non-obstructive azoospermia revealed a higher expression of VASA-positive cells. For this purpose, Enrichr and Shiny Gene Ontology databases were used for pathway enrichment analysis and gene ontology. STRING and Cytoscape online evaluation were applied to predict proteins' functional and molecular interactions and performed to recognize the master genes, respectively. According to the obtained results, the main molecular functions of the up-regulated and downregulated genes include the meiotic cell cycle, RNA binding, and differentiation. STRING and Cytoscape analyses presented seven genes, i.e., DDX5, TNP2, DDX3Y, TDRD6, SOHL2, DDX31, and SYCP3, as the hub genes involved in infertility with VASA co-function and protein–protein interaction. Our findings suggest that VASA and its interacting hub proteins could help determine the pathophysiology of germ cell abnormalities and infertility.
Construction and internal validation of a novel nomogram for predicting prognosis of infective endocarditis
Authors: Yu Zhao-Jun , Ni Zhi-Jie , Li Jing , Weng Guo-Xing , Dou Zhi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo develop a nomogram prediction model capable of early identification of high-risk infective endocarditis (IE) patients. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 383 patients with IE and divided them into survival and non-survival groups according to different hospitalization outcomes. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression methods were used to screen independent risk factors affecting the survival outcome of IE, and a Nomogram prediction model was constructed by these factors. The Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was applied to assess the model fit, the discrimination and calibration of the model were evaluated by plotting ROC curves and calibration curves. Advanced age, embolic symptoms, abnormal leukocyte count, low hemoglobin level and double-sided IE were associated with higher in-hospital mortality in patients with IE (P < 0.05). The Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test for the model was χ2 = 7.107, P = 0.311. The AUC of the ROC curve of the model was 0.738 (95% CI 0.677–0.800). The bootstrap method was used to validate the prediction model. The results showed that the prediction accuracy of the model in the validation cohort was 0.842. The nomogram prediction model can accurately predict the in-hospital mortality risk of IE and can help clinicians identify high-risk IE patients early.
Transcriptome analysis of floral bud development and function analysis of a novel CO gene in Paeonia × lemoinei ‘High Noon’
Authors: Chang Yanting , Zhang Wenbo , Ma Yanjun , Xia Mengsi , Fan Keke , Jiang Zehui , Hu Tao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPaeonia × lemoinei 'High Noon' is one of the most important cultivars in tree peony (Paeonia sect. Moutan), a traditional horticultural plant in China, with a re-blooming characteristic which was quite different from other cultivars. So, the genetic resources in 'High Noon' were incredibly valuable in flowering-time-modified molecular breeding in tree peony. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the floral bud formation of 'High Noon' was not clear yet. To explore the molecular mechanism in this process, the transcriptomes of three stages during floral bud development were deeply analyzed in this study. As a result, a total of 5816 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the three developmental stages, and pathways including ''DNA replication'', ''metabolic pathways'', ''circadian rhythm'', and ''plant hormone signal transduction'' were mostly enriched in the functional enrichment and expression pattern analysis. Furthermore, a total of 584 genes related to the photoperiod pathway were further identified and a novel CO homolog gene PlCO was identified to be a stable hydrophilic protein, which contained both CCT domain and B-box domain. Over-expression of PlCO in Arabidopsis resulted in early flowering, which suggested a promotion role of flowering. The PlCO protein localized in nucleus and possessed a transcription activity ability, which implied that PlCO might function as a transcription factor. The transcriptome analysis revealed pathways involved in floral bud development in tree peony and provided new insight into the regulatory network underlying the floral bud development. The gene identification in 'High Noon' provided new valuable candidate genes for flowering-time-modified molecular breeding in tree peony.
The impact of 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C global warming on global maize production and trade
Authors: Li Kuo , Pan Jie , Xiong Wei , Xie Wei , Ali Tariq 
Published: October 2022

AbstractClimate change is becoming more and more remarkable which has an obvious impact on crop yields all over the world. Future climate scenario data was simulated by 5 climate models recommended by ISI-MIP under 4 RCP scenarios, in which the approximate scenarios with global warming by 1.5 °C and 2 °C were selected. Applying DSSAT and GTAP models, the per unit yield changes of maize in the world under global warming by 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C were analyzed and the market prices of maize at national and global levels were simulated. The results showed that, the risk of maize yield reduction under 2.0 °C scenario was much more serious than 1.5 °C scenario; the ratios of yield changes were separately 0.18% and − 10.8% under 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C scenarios. The reduction trend of total maize production is obvious in the top five countries and the main producing regions of the world, especially under the 2.0 °C scenario. The market price of maize would increase by around 0.7% and 3.4% under 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C scenarios. With the quickly increasing population in the world, it is urgent for all countries to pay enough attention to the risk of maize yield and take actions of mitigation and adaptation to climate change.
Translation-invariant optical neural network for image classification
Authors: Sadeghzadeh Hoda , Koohi Somayyeh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe classification performance of all-optical Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) is greatly influenced by components’ misalignment and translation of input images in the practical applications. In this paper, we propose a free-space all-optical CNN (named Trans-ONN) which accurately classifies translated images in the horizontal, vertical, or diagonal directions. Trans-ONN takes advantages of an optical motion pooling layer which provides the translation invariance property by implementing different optical masks in the Fourier plane for classifying translated test images. Moreover, to enhance the translation invariance property, global average pooling (GAP) is utilized in the Trans-ONN structure, rather than fully connected layers. The comparative studies confirm that taking advantage of vertical and horizontal masks along GAP operation provide the best translation invariance property, compared to the alternative network models, for classifying horizontally and vertically shifted test images up to 50 pixel shifts of Kaggle Cats and Dogs, CIFAR-10, and MNIST datasets, respectively. Also, adopting the diagonal mask along GAP operation achieves the best classification accuracy for classifying translated test images in the diagonal direction for large number of pixel shifts (i.e. more than 30 pixel shifts). It is worth mentioning that the proposed translation invariant networks are capable of classifying the translated test images not included in the training procedure.