bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of machine learning model to predict lacunar cerebral infarction in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture before surgery
Authors: Huang Cheng-bin , Tan Kai , Wu Zong-yi , Yang Lei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Femoral neck fracture and lacunar cerebral infarction (LCI) are the most common diseases in the elderly. When LCI patients undergo a series of traumas such as surgery, their postoperative recovery results are often poor. Moreover, few studies have explored the relationship between LCI and femoral neck fracture in the elderly. Therefore, this study will develop a ML (machine learning)-based model to predict LCI before surgery in elderly patients with a femoral neck fracture.

Methods
Professional medical staff retrospectively collected the data of 161 patients with unilateral femoral neck fracture who underwent surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University database from January 1, 2015, to January 1, 2020. Patients were divided into two groups based on LCI (diagnosis based on cranial CT image): the LCI group and the non-LCI group. Preoperative clinical characteristics and preoperative laboratory data were collected for all patients. Features were selected by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, with age, white blood cell (WBC), prealbumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein, globulin, serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (Bun)/Scr, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum sodium and fibrinogen as the features of the ML model. Five machine learning algorithms, Logistic regression (LR), Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Random Forest (RF), and Decision tree (DT), were used in combination with preoperative clinical characteristics and laboratory data to establish a predictive model of LCI in patients with a femoral neck fracture. Furthermore, indices like the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated to test the models’ performance.

Results
The AUROC of 5 ML models ranged from 0.76 to 0.95. It turned out that the RF model demonstrated the highest performance in predicting LCI for femoral neck fracture patients before surgery, whose AUROC was 0.95, sensitivity 1.00, specificity 0.81, and accuracy 0.90 in validation sets. Furthermore, the top 4 high-ranking variables in the RF model were prealbumin, fibrinogen, globulin and Scr, in descending order of importance.

Conclusion
In this study, 5 ML models were developed and validated for patients with femoral neck fracture to predict preoperative LCI. RF model provides an excellent predictive value with an AUROC of 0.95. Clinicians can better conduct multidisciplinary perioperative management for patients with femoral neck fractures through this model and accelerate the postoperative recovery of patients.
Reliability of rubidium-82 PET/CT for renal perfusion determination in healthy subjects
Authors: Langaa Stine Sundgaard , Mose Frank Holden , Fynbo Claire Anne , Theil Jørn , Bech Jesper Nørgaard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundChanges in renal perfusion may play a pathophysiological role in hypertension and kidney disease, however to date, no method for renal blood flow (RBF) determination in humans has been implemented in clinical practice. In a previous study, we demonstrated that estimation of renal perfusion based on a single positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan with Rubidium-82 (82Rb) is feasible and found an approximate 5% intra-assay coefficient of variation for both kidneys, indicative of a precise method.This study’s aim was to determine the day-to day variation of82Rb PET/CT and to test the method’s ability to detect increased RBF induced by infusion of amino acids.MethodsSeventeen healthy subjects underwent three dynamic82Rb PET/CT scans over two examination days comprising: Day A, a single 8-minute dynamic scan and Day B, two scans performed before (baseline) and after RBF stimulation by a 2-hour amino acid-infusion. The order of examination days was determined by randomization. Time activity curves for arterial and renal activity with a 1-tissue compartment model were used for flow estimation; the K1kinetic parameter representing renal82Rb clearance. Day-to-day variation was calculated based on the difference between the unstimulated K1values on Day A and Day B and paired t-testing was performed to compare K1values at baseline and after RBF stimulation on Day B.ResultsDay-to-day variation was observed to be 5.5% for the right kidney and 6.0% for the left kidney (n = 15 quality accepted scans). K1values determined after amino acid-infusion were significantly higher than pre-infusion values (n = 17, p = 0.001). The mean percentage change in K1from baseline was 13.2 ± 12.9% (range − 10.4 to 35.5) for the right kidney; 12.9 ± 13.2% (range − 15.7 to 35.3) for the left kidney.ConclusionDay-to-day variation is acceptably low. A significant K1increase from baseline is detected after application of a known RBF stimulus, indicating that82Rb PET/CT scanning can provide a precise method for evaluation of RBF and it is able to determine changes herein.Clinical Trial RegistrationEU Clinical Trials Register, 2017-005008-88. Registered 18/01/2018.
Outcomes of near confluent laser versus combined less dense laser and bevacizumab treatment of prethreshold ROP Type 1 Zone 2: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Namvar Ehsan , Bolkheir Alireza , Emadi Zahra , Johari Mohammadkarim , Nowroozzadeh Mohammad Hossein 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the results of near confluent laser therapy versus combined less dense laser and intra vitreal bevacizumab in treatment of infants with type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in zone II.

Methods
This is a prospective double-blinded randomized clinical trial study. Infants with Type 1 ROP in Zone 2 were randomized into case and control groups. Conventional laser therapy was executed for control group and combination of IVB and laser treatment was employed for the case group.

Results
Eighty-six eyes from 43 infants were analyzed in this trial. The first group included 42 eyes from 21 infants receiving a combination of laser ablation and IVB. The second group contained 44 eyes from 22 infants who received only conventional laser therapy. The combined IVB and laser ablation group demonstrated the neovascularization regression (20 out of 21 infants) one week after the procedure. In the conventional laser therapy group, this regression was found in (12 out of 22 infants) within one week after laser therapy (P = 0.001). Plus disease regression was observed in 20 (20/21) of combined treatment group and 7 infants (7/22) of conventional laser treatment group after one week.

Conclusion
Combined less dense laser and bevacizumab treatment resulted in more rapid regression in comparison with the conventional laser treatment.

Trial registration
IRCT20201120049450N1, 27/12/2021.
The relationships between parents’ and children’s screen times on body mass index: a cross-sectional path analysis
Authors: Ishii Kaori , Shibata Ai , Koohsari Mohammad Javad , Oka Koichiro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding factors contributing to an individual reducing screen time is essential for promoting a healthy weight. Parents’ behavior affects children by influencing their daily decision-making through modeling, rules or restrictions, social support, and co-participation. We examined how the direct and indirect effects of parents’ and children’s behaviors regarding screen time influenced body mass index (BMI) among Japanese elementary school children.MethodsWe included 283 Japanese children, one child per household, aged 6–12 years, who were randomly selected from resident registries of two cities. The questionnaires were completed by children and their mothers and fathers. Screen time and sociodemographic attributes, including sex, age, employment status, height, and weight, were assessed using a mail-based survey. Path analyses were conducted to determine associations among children’s, fathers’, and mothers’ variables. It was hypothesized that after controlling for household income and children’s sex and age, mothers’ and fathers’ screen time on weekdays and weekends would be related to children’s weekdays and weekend screen time, respectively. In addition, we hypothesized that children’s weekday and weekend screen time was related to children’s BMI.ResultsBoth fathers’ and mothers’ weekday screen times were associated with children’s weekday and weekend screen times. BMI was affected by children’s weekday screen time (0.117). The path coefficients for the indirect effects of mothers’ and fathers’ screen time on children’s BMI through children’s weekday screen time were 0.016 from the fathers’ weekday screen time and 0.024 from the mothers’ weekday screen time (GFI = .980, AGFI = .953, RMSEA = .030, AIC = 93.030).ConclusionsBoth fathers’ and mothers’ weekday screen times indirectly affected children’s BMI through children’s weekday screen time among Japanese elementary school children. The strongest indirect effects could be seen by examining the paths of a mother’s weekday screen time through children’s screen time to BMI. Mothers who spend much time with their children are role models, and their behavior could affect the child’s behavior. The findings imply that intervention strategies to reduce screen time in children should also focus on modeling the mothers’ behavior.
The impact of body mass index on laboratory, clinical outcomes and treatment costs in assisted reproduction: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Dornelles Victoria Campos , Hentschke Marta Ribeiro , Badalotti Mariangela , Telöken Isadora Badalotti , Trindade Vanessa Devens , Cunegatto Bibiana , de Vasconcelos Natália Fontoura , da Costa Bartira Ercília Pinheiro , Petracco Alvaro , Padoin Alexandre Vontobel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the body mass index (BMI) on laboratory, clinical outcomes and treatment costs of assisted reproduction, as there are still controversial and inconclusive studies on this subject.

Methods
This research was retrospective cohort study, including women undergoing assisted reproduction in a Reproductive Medicine Center between 2013 and 2020. The participants were divided into groups according to BMI (kg/m2): Group 1 < 25; Group 2, 25–29.9 and Group 3, ≥ 30. A total of 1753 in vitro fertilization (IVF) fresh embryo transfer (ET) cycles were included for assisted reproduction outcomes analysis and 1869 IVF-ET plus frozen embryo transfer (FET) for cumulative pregnancy analysis.

Results
As higher the BMI, higher was the proportion of canceled IVF cycles (G1 (6.9%) vs. G2 (7.8%) vs. G3 (10.4%), p = 0.002) and gonadotropin’s total dose (IU) and treatment costs (G1 (1685 ± 595, U$ 683,02) vs. G2 (1779 ± 610, U$ 721,13) vs. G3 (1805 ± 563, U$ 764,09), p = 0.001). A greater number of mature oocytes was observed in G1 and G2 (6 [6.4–7.0] vs. 6 [5.6–6.6] vs. 4 [4.6–6.7], p = 0.011), which was not found in oocyte maturity rate (p = 0.877). A significant linear tendency (p = 0.042) was found in cumulative pregnancy rates, pointing to worse clinical outcomes in overweight and obese patients.

Conclusion
These findings highlight the importance of considering the higher treatment costs for these patients, beyond all the well-known risks regarding weight excess, fertility, and pregnancy, before starting IVF treatments.
Comparison of machine learning methods with logistic regression analysis in creating predictive models for risk of critical in-hospital events in COVID-19 patients on hospital admission
Authors: Sievering Aaron W. , Wohlmuth Peter , Geßler Nele , Gunawardene Melanie A. , Herrlinger Klaus , Bein Berthold , Arnold Dirk , Bergmann Martin , Nowak Lorenz , Gloeckner Christian , Koch Ina , Bachmann Martin , Herborn Christoph U. , Stang Axel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundMachine learning (ML) algorithms have been trained to early predict critical in-hospital events from COVID-19 using patient data at admission, but little is known on how their performance compares with each other and/or with statistical logistic regression (LR). This prospective multicentre cohort study compares the performance of a LR and five ML models on the contribution of influencing predictors and predictor-to-event relationships on prediction model´s performance.MethodsWe used 25 baseline variables of 490 COVID-19 patients admitted to 8 hospitals in Germany (March–November 2020) to develop and validate (75/25 random-split) 3 linear (L1 and L2 penalty, elastic net [EN]) and 2 non-linear (support vector machine [SVM] with radial kernel, random forest [RF]) ML approaches for predicting critical events defined by intensive care unit transfer, invasive ventilation and/or death (composite end-point: 181 patients). Models were compared for performance (area-under-the-receiver-operating characteristic-curve [AUC], Brier score) and predictor importance (performance-loss metrics, partial-dependence profiles).ResultsModels performed close with a small benefit for LR (utilizing restricted cubic splines for non-linearity) and RF (AUC means: 0.763–0.731 [RF–L1]); Brier scores: 0.184–0.197 [LR–L1]). Top ranked predictor variables (consistently highest importance: C-reactive protein) were largely identical across models, except creatinine, which exhibited marginal (L1, L2, EN, SVM) or high/non-linear effects (LR, RF) on events.ConclusionsAlthough the LR and ML models analysed showed no strong differences in performance and the most influencing predictors for COVID-19-related event prediction, our results indicate a predictive benefit from taking account for non-linear predictor-to-event relationships and effects. Future efforts should focus on leveraging data-driven ML technologies from static towards dynamic modelling solutions that continuously learn and adapt to changes in data environments during the evolving pandemic.Trial registration number: NCT04659187.
Translation and psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Audit of Diabetes Dependent Quality of Life (IR-ADDQoL)
Authors: Ghazanfari Zeinab , Naghizadeh Mohammad Mehdi , Hadavi Marzieh , Naghizadeh Moghari Fatemeh , Montazeri Ali 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to undertake linguistic validation and assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life (IR-ADDQoL) questionnaire in Iranian patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Methods
The gold-standard linguistic-validation procedure required by the developer of the ADDQoL (see https://www.healthpsychologyresearch.com) including cross-cultural adaptation was followed. Validity and reliability of the Persian ADDQoL were then evaluated in a cross-sectional study of a sample of 153 patients with diabetes. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were applied to assess structural validity. Internal consistency reliability was assessed.

Results
Both forced one-factor and unforced four-factor solutions were extracted from the exploratory factor analysis that jointly accounted for 48% and 66.53% of the variance observed, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated an acceptable model fit for the Persian ADDQoL. Cronbach’s alpha showed excellent internal consistency for the questionnaire (alpha = 0.931 for the single scale).

Conclusion
The Persian ADDQoL (IR-ADDQoL) showed adequate structural validity and excellent internal consistency. Therefore, it could be efficiently used to evaluate the impact of diabetes on quality of life in outcome studies and research settings in Iran.
Typologies of women’s abortion trajectories in Burkina Faso: findings from a qualitative study
Authors: Bazié Fiacre , Thomas Haley L. , Byrne Meagan E. , Kindo Boukary , Bell Suzanne O. , Moreau Caroline 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAbortion is a legally restricted, yet common reproductive life event among women in Burkina Faso; however, women’s abortion experiences vary greatly depending on their social and economic capital, partner involvement, and level of knowledge. We sought to classify women’s abortion care-seeking experiences across the life course and social conditions into typologies using qualitative data.MethodsAn initial quantitative survey among a nationally representative sample of women ages 15–49 years collected information on women’s induced abortion experiences. Women who reported an abortion in the last 10 years were asked if they would agree to participate in a subsequent in-depth interview (IDI) to learn more about their abortion experience. Twenty-five women, identified via purposive sampling, completed an IDI. Using a process of typology construction, we identified attributes of each woman’s condition at the time of her abortion and aspects of her abortion experience, created a matrix of attributes and cases, and identified emerging relationships. Three types were identified through this process.ResultsTwenty-three IDIs were analyzed, and women’s abortion experiences were grouped into three types: abortion to delay childbearing in adolescence; abortion to space childbirth among women in union; abortion to avoid childbearing among single mothers. Two cases were identified as outliers. Cases were grouped based on the context of their pregnancy, the reason for the abortion and involved decision-makers, and their patterns of care-seeking, including methods and sources used.ConclusionStructural inequities related to gender and wealth were prominent forces shaping women’s abortion experiences. Comprehensive sexuality education coupled with community-based interventions to promote gender-equitable relationships and address social stigma related to women’s sexuality could reduce reproductive coercion and unintended pregnancies.
Characterization and dynamics of the soluble immunological microenvironment in melanoma patients undergoing radiotherapy
Authors: Oertel Michael , Borrmann Katrin , Baehr Andrea , Eich Hans Theodor , Greve Burkhard 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background and purpose
Malignant melanoma constitutes an aggressive tumor of the skin, the pathogenesis of which is influenced by immunological processes. In this context, the influence of radiotherapy (RT) on inflammatory markers has not been studied in detail, yet.

Materials and methods
In this prospective analysis, 28 patients were recruited, 24 of these could be included for further analysis. According to protocol, patients underwent three blood-draws: before, after half of RT-fractions and after completion of RT. Serum levels of programmed death-ligand (PD-L) 1 and 2, interleukin 6 and cytotoxic t-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 were assessed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared to healthy volunteers. Correlation with clinical data was attempted.

Results
Comparing patients with healthy volunteers, a significant difference in the mean baseline serum-level of PD-L1 (90.1 pg/ml vs. 76.7 pg/ml for patients vs. control, respectively; p = 0.024) and PD-L2 (4.4 ng/ml vs. 8.7 ng/ml; p = 0.04) could be found. Increased levels of PD-L1 were only found in patients with prior immunotherapy. There was a tendency for higher interleukin 6 levels in the patients (8.5 pg/ml vs. 0.6 pg/ml; p = 0.052). No significant differences in serum levels could be found between the three time points.

Conclusion
The present study reveals a characteristic immunological pattern for melanoma patients in comparison to healthy controls. Future studies will have to focus on a putative correlation between immunological markers and clinical outcome parameters.
Effect of short-term methylphenidate on social impairment in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: systematic review
Authors: Alkalay Sarit , Dan Orrie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAttention Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common disorders in school-age children. In addition to learning difficulties associated with the disorder’s core symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity, children with ADHD display substantial social impairments. Methylphenidate (MPH) in formulations such as Ritalin or Concerta mitigates inattention and hyperactivity, but the effects of the therapy on social behavior in children with ADHD are not clear. This review aims to determine the effectiveness of short term (up to 6 months) MPH treatment on three domains of social skills in children aged 6–14 with ADHD: (i) Recognition of nonverbal emotional expressions, which are a marker of inherent (unlearned) social understanding, (ii) theory of mind (ToM) components that relate to learned cognition and social communication, and (iii) social competence in everyday environments. 15 relevant studies were identified based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. The results show mixed effects: the overall social performance as evaluated by parents, teachers or peers, and some components of ToM, were found to improve following a weeks-long course of MPH treatment. However, the effects of the medication are less clear when evaluating momentary/nonverbal social responses such as reactions to emotional facial expressions. While the findings of this review indicate that an MPH medication regime of order weeks to months could improve, to a degree, social impairment in children with ADHD, more studies are required to identify the medications’ mechanism and confirm such a conclusion.
Emotion dysregulation in ADHD and other neurodevelopmental conditions: a co-twin control study
Authors: Astenvald Rebecka , Frick Matilda A. , Neufeld Janina , Bölte Sven , Isaksson Johan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Emotion dysregulation (ED) is common in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and often results in adverse outcomes. However, ED has been suggested as a transdiagnostic construct, why the specific association between ADHD and ED when adjusting for other mental health conditions needs further investigation. It is also important to determine the aetiological basis of the association between ADHD and ED to inform the theoretical conceptualization of ADHD.

Method
This study used a co-twin control design, including a sample of dizygotic (DZ) and monozygotic (MZ) twins (N = 389; 45.8% females, age = 8–31 years, MZ twin pairs 57.6%). ED was assessed using the dysregulation profile from the parent-rated Child Behaviour Checklist and its adult version. Regression analyses were used across individuals and within the pairs, while adjusting for diagnoses of autism, intellectual disability, other neurodevelopmental conditions and affective conditions.

Results
ADHD was significantly associated with ED, even when adjusting for age, sex, attention problems and other mental health conditions, and was the diagnosis most strongly associated with ED. Within-pair analyses revealed that twins with ADHD had higher levels of ED compared to their co-twin without ADHD. This association remained within DZ twins and was non-significant in the MZ subsample, with non-overlapping confidence intervals between the DZ and MZ estimates.

Conclusion
ADHD is strongly and in part independently linked to ED, stressing the importance of early detection and treatment of emotional difficulties within this group. The findings from the within-pair analyses indicate a genetic influence on the association between ADHD and ED.