bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The significance of NAD + metabolites and nicotinamide N-methyltransferase in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Takahashi Rina , Kanda Takeshi , Komatsu Motoaki , Itoh Tomoaki , Minakuchi Hitoshi , Urai Hidenori , Kuroita Tomohiro , Shigaki Shuhei , Tsukamoto Tasuku , Higuchi Naoko , Ikeda Minoru , Yamanaka Risa , Yoshimura Norito , Ono Takashi , Yukioka Hideo , Hasegawa Kazuhiro , Tokuyama Hirobumi , Wakino Shu , Itoh Hiroshi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDysregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) metabolism contributes to the initiation and progression of age-associated diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), a nicotinamide (NAM) metabolizing enzyme, regulates both NAD + and methionine metabolism. Although NNMT is expressed abundantly in the kidney, its role in CKD and renal fibrosis remains unclear. We generated NNMT-deficient mice and a unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) model and conducted two clinical studies on human CKD to investigate the role of NNMT in CKD and fibrosis. In UUO, renal NNMT expression and the degraded metabolites of NAM increased, while NAD + and NAD + precursors decreased. NNMT deficiency ameliorated renal fibrosis; mechanistically, it (1) increased the DNA methylation of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and (2) improved renal inflammation by increasing renal NAD + and Sirt1 and decreasing NF-κB acetylation. In humans, along with CKD progression, a trend toward a decrease in serum NAD + precursors was observed, while the final NAD + metabolites were accumulated, and the level of eGFR was an independent variable for serum NAM. In addition, NNMT was highly expressed in fibrotic areas of human kidney tissues. In conclusion, increased renal NNMT expression induces NAD + and methionine metabolism perturbation and contributes to renal fibrosis.
A wildfire vulnerability index for buildings
Authors: Papathoma-Köhle M. , Schlögl M. , Garlichs C. , Diakakis M. , Mavroulis S. , Fuchs S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecent wildfire events (e.g. Mediterranean region, USA, and Australia) showed that this hazard poses a serious threat for wildland–urban interface (WUI) areas around the globe. Furthermore, recent events in regions where wildfire does not constitute a frequent hazard (e.g. Siberia, Scandinavia) indicated that the spatial pattern of wildfire risk might have significantly changed. To prepare for upcoming extreme events, it is critical for decision-makers to have a thorough understanding of the vulnerability of the built environment to wildfire. Building quality and design standards are important not only because building loss is costly but also because robust buildings may offer shelter when evacuation is not possible. However, studies aiming at the analysis of wildfire vulnerability for the built environment are limited. This paper presents an innovative solution for the vulnerability assessment to wildfires, making use of an all-relevant feature selection algorithm established on statistical relationships to develop a physical vulnerability index for buildings subject to wildfire. Data from a recent and systematically documented wildfire event in Greece (Mati, 2018) are used to select and weight the relevant indicators using a permutation-based automated feature selection based on random forests. Building characteristics including the structural type, the roof type, material and shape, the inclination of the ground, the surrounding vegetation, the material of the shutters and the ground covering were selected and formed into the index. The index may be used in other places in Europe and beyond, especially where no empirical data are available supporting decision-making and risk reduction of an emerging hazard amplified by climate change.
Practical method to determine the effective zero-point of indentation depth for continuous stiffness measurement nanoindentation test with Berkovich tip
Authors: Geng Diancheng , Yu Hao , Okuno Yasuki , Kondo Sosuke , Kasada Ryuta 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe zero-point of indentation depth in nanoindentation or depth-sensing instrumented indentation tests should be precisely set to evaluate the indentation hardness and indentation elastic modulus of materials to be tested, especially at shallow depths. A critical contact stiffness value has been widely used to determine the zero-point in nanoindentation tests with a Berkovich tip using the continuous stiffness measurement (CSM) method. However, this criterion occasionally gives an inadequate zero-point owing to the surface roughness of materials, the vibration of the testing system, and the flaws of the CSM method at shallow depth. This study proposes a practical method to determine the effective zero-point of indentation depth, which was obtained linearly at the zero-point of contact stiffness and extrapolated from the depth-dependent contact stiffness values, except for those at initially unstable contact depths. The proposed method enables nanoindentation tests to obtain a constant indentation elastic modulus and low deviation of nanoindentation hardness of homogenously fused silica and metallic materials, which provides an efficient way to obtain more accurate test data.
Probability‐based fusion rule in cooperative spectrum sensing with impact of geographic location
Authors: Liu Xiaoying , Zheng Kechen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of geographic locations of secondary users (SUs) on cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) in cognitive radio networks (CRNs), where SUs send their local sensing results to a fusion center (FC) and the FC makes a global spectrum decision by a specific fusion rule. The purpose of this paper is to propose a fusion rule that takes into account the impact of geographic locations on CSS, and identify the optimal decision threshold of the proposed fusion rule in order to maximize the average achievable throughput of the secondary network subject to a collision constraint. To quantitatively capture the impact of geographic locations on CSS, a metric called absolute impact is defined, which is determined by the probability of detection and the probability of false alarm. Meanwhile, another metric is defined called relative impact to characterize the impact of SU's incorrect local sensing result on CSS. Based on the defined metrics, a probability‐based fusion rule is proposed, and the core idea is that the global spectrum decision of CSS is jointly determined by the local sensing results and the absolute impacts of SUs. Then the average achievable throughput of the secondary network and the collision probability are derived, both of which are proved to decrease with the decision threshold of the proposed fusion rule. By tackling the trade‐off between the accuracy of spectrum sensing and spectrum access opportunity caused by the decision threshold, an approximate algorithm based on the idea of the bisection method is proposed to obtain the optimal decision threshold that maximizes the average achievable throughput of the secondary network while protecting primary transmission to a predefined extent. Numerical results are carried out to verify the theoretical analyses and show the flexibility of the proposed fusion rule.
Morbus Whipple
Authors: Glaser Cornelia , Venhoff Nils 
Published: April 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Morbus Whipple ist eine seltene, aber wichtige Ursache einer entzündlichen Gelenkerkrankung mit oligo- oder polyartikulärer Manifestation. Die Diagnosestellung erfolgt häufig erst nach Jahren bis Jahrzehnten. Die Arthritis ist charakterisiert durch ein unzureichendes Ansprechen auf antirheumatische Therapie, teilweise sogar eine Zunahme der Beschwerden unter Immunsuppression und dem potenziellen Risiko systemischer Krankheitsmanifestationen. Häufige Fehldiagnosen sind seronegative rheumatoide Arthritis und Spondyloarthritiden. Die Erkrankung tritt überwiegend bei Männern mittleren Lebensalters auf und kann unbehandelt tödlich verlaufen.
Brønsted Base Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of β-Acylvinyl Anion Equivalents to α,β-Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Kondoh Azusa , Terada Masahiro , Yamaguchi Sho , Watanabe Yushi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA Brønsted base catalyzed addition reaction of allyl sulfones having a diethoxyphosphoryloxy group, which are new precursors of β-acylvinyl anion equivalents, with α,β-unsaturated ketones was developed. The reaction proceeded efficiently under the influence of a phosphazene base as the catalyst. This is a rare example of a catalytic addition reaction of β-acylvinyl anion equivalents. A preliminary study on an asymmetric variant was also conducted with a chiral bis(guanidino)iminophosphorane catalyst.
CsF-Promoted Iodocyclization of Allenylphosphonates: A Convenient Approach to Highly Functionalized Oxaphospholenes
Authors: Chen Shufeng , Guo Le , Gao Yanpeng , Li Yingjie , Wang Yue , Li Weilong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA convenient CsF-promoted iodocyclization reaction of trisubstituted allenylphosphonates with iodine to construct highly functionalized oxaphospholene derivatives has been developed. A series of readily available starting materials including ferrocenylallenes, aromatic and alkyl substituted allenes can undergo the process successfully.
The coexistence curve and surface tension of a monatomic water model
Authors: Coe Mary K. , Evans Robert , Wilding Nigel B. 
Published: April 2022

We study the monatomic water model of Molinero and Moore the grand canonical ensemble Monte Carlo simulation. Measurements of the probability distribution of the number density obtained via multicanonical sampling and histogram reweighting provide accurate estimates of the temperature dependence of both the liquid–vapor coexistence densities and the surface tension. Using finite-size scaling methods, we locate the liquid–vapor critical point at Tc = 917.6 K, ρc = 0.311 g cm−3. When plotted in scaled variables, in order to test the law of corresponding states, the coexistence curve of monatomic water is close to that of real water. In this respect, it performs better than extended simple point charge (SPC/E), TIP4P, and TIP4P/2005 water.
The ubiquitin–proteasome system regulates meiotic chromosome organization
Authors: Yang Xiao , Song Meihui , Wang Ying , Tan Taicong , Tian Zhongyu , Zhai Binyuan , Yang Xuan , Tan Yingjin , Cao Yanding , Dai Shaojun , Wang Shunxin , Zhang Liangran 
Published: April 2022

Significance
Meiotic crossover recombination is required for faithful chromosome segregation and promotes genetic diversity by reshuffling alleles between parental chromosomes. Meiotic chromosomes are organized into arrays of loops that are anchored to the proteinaceous axes. The length of the meiotic chromosome axis is intimately associated with crossover frequencies in yeast and higher eukaryotes. However, how chromosome axis length is regulated in meiosis is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that cohesin regulator Pds5 interacts with proteasomes to regulate meiotic chromosome axis length by modulating ubiquitination. This regulatory mechanism also includes two ubiquitin E3 ligases, SCF (Skp–Cullin–F-box) and Ufd4. These findings identify a molecular pathway in regulating chromosome organization and reveal an unexpected function of the ubiquitin–proteasome system in meiosis.
Discovery of unusual dimeric piperazyl cyclopeptides encoded by a
Lentzea flaviverrucosa
DSM 44664 biosynthetic supercluster
Authors: Li Chunshun , Hu Yifei , Wu Xiaohua , Stumpf Spencer D. , Qi Yunci , D’Alessandro John M. , Nepal Keshav K. , Sarotti Ariel M. , Cao Shugeng , Blodgett Joshua A. V. 
Published: April 2022

Rare actinomycetes represent an underexploited source of new bioactive compounds. Here, we report the use of a targeted metabologenomic approach to identify piperazyl compounds in the rare actinomycete
Lentzea flaviverrucosa
DSM 44664. These efforts to identify molecules that incorporate piperazate building blocks resulted in the discovery and structural elucidation of two dimeric biaryl-cyclohexapeptides, petrichorins A and B. Petrichorin B is a symmetric homodimer similar to the known compound chloptosin, but petrichorin A is unique among known piperazyl cyclopeptides because it is an asymmetric heterodimer. Due to the structural complexity of petrichorin A, solving its structure required a combination of several standard chemical methods plus in silico modeling, strain mutagenesis, and solving the structure of its biosynthetic intermediate petrichorin C for confident assignment. Furthermore, we found that the piperazyl cyclopeptides comprising each half of the petrichorin A heterodimer are made via two distinct nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) assembly lines, and the responsible NRPS enzymes are encoded within a contiguous biosynthetic supercluster on the
L. flaviverrucosa
chromosome. Requiring promiscuous cytochrome p450 crosslinking events for asymmetric and symmetric biaryl production, petrichorins A and B exhibited potent in vitro activity against A2780 human ovarian cancer, HT1080 fibrosarcoma, PC3 human prostate cancer, and Jurkat human T lymphocyte cell lines with IC
50
values at low nM levels. Cyclic piperazyl peptides and their crosslinked derivatives are interesting drug leads, and our findings highlight the potential for heterodimeric bicyclic peptides such as petrichorin A for inclusion in future pharmaceutical design and discovery programs.
The Spectrum Variabilities of FSRQ 3C 273
Authors: Yuan Y. H. , Zheng Y. G. , Fan J. H. , Hao J. M. , Xiao H. B. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
3C 273 is a well-studied FSRQ. In order to analyze its spectrum variabilities, we make spectroscopic observations of 3C 273 using the 2.16 m telescope at Xinglong Observatory of the National Astronomical Observatories. Based on these observations and some other spectra from the literature, we study the spectrum variabilities and the physical origin of the optical spectrum. The main results are as follows: (1) The continuum spectrum (S

c
) shows obvious variabilities and displays quasi-periodic properties, P = 3.39 ± 1.13 yr, consistent with the result calculated from photometric observations. (2) The spectral energy distribution (SED) was modeled by a combination of blackbody emission that originated from the accretion disk and the dusty torus, synchrotron emission from the jet, the synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emission, and the external Compton (EC) emission from the broad-line region, accretion disk, and dusty torus. The SED suggests that the optical continuum is dominated by the thermal emission from the accretion disk. (3) A time delay of

τ

c

H

β

=
209.42
±
9.38

days lies between the slope of the continuum spectrum (S

c
) and H
β
emission line. (4) The relationships between the spectrum and polarization can be explained by the jet model.
An approachable, flexible and practical machine learning workshop for biologists
Authors: Magnano Chris S , Mu Fangzhou , Russ Rosemary S , Cvetkovic Milica , Treu Debora , Gitter Anthony 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSummaryThe increasing prevalence and importance of machine learning in biological research have created a need for machine learning training resources tailored towards biological researchers. However, existing resources are often inaccessible, infeasible or inappropriate for biologists because they require significant computational and mathematical knowledge, demand an unrealistic time-investment or teach skills primarily for computational researchers. We created the Machine Learning for Biologists (ML4Bio) workshop, a short, intensive workshop that empowers biological researchers to comprehend machine learning applications and pursue machine learning collaborations in their own research. The ML4Bio workshop focuses on classification and was designed around three principles: (i) emphasizing preparedness over fluency or expertise, (ii) necessitating minimal coding and mathematical background and (iii) requiring low time investment. It incorporates active learning methods and custom open-source software that allows participants to explore machine learning workflows. After multiple sessions to improve workshop design, we performed a study on three workshop sessions. Despite some confusion around identifying subtle methodological flaws in machine learning workflows, participants generally reported that the workshop met their goals, provided them with valuable skills and knowledge and greatly increased their beliefs that they could engage in research that uses machine learning. ML4Bio is an educational tool for biological researchers, and its creation and evaluation provide valuable insight into tailoring educational resources for active researchers in different domains.Availability and implementationWorkshop materials are available at https://github.com/carpentries-incubator/ml4bio-workshop and the ml4bio software is available at https://github.com/gitter-lab/ml4bio.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Culture–gene co-evolution: Darwin’s other theory comes into view
Authors: Corning Peter A 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe concept of ‘natural selection’, as proposed in The Origin of Species (published in 1859), refers to the better known of Charles Darwin’s two distinct theories of evolution. Darwin’s other theory was originally associated with his predecessor, Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck. (Darwin used the shorthand phrase, the ‘use and disuse of parts’, to characterize this alternative theory.) Lamarck’s theory was rejected (and even mocked) by many 20th century theorists, who instead adopted a gene-centred, one-way, bottom-up model of evolutionary change, called the modern synthesis. (It has also been termed neo-Darwinism.) Darwin was more receptive to Lamarck’s approach, and in his second great work, The Descent of Man (published in 1874), he applied this Lamarckian theory particularly to human evolution. He ascribed our remarkable evolutionary success to our behaviour: social cooperation, innovation (and tools), morality and cumulative culture. Neo-Darwinists called it Darwin’s biggest mistake. However, an ever-increasing body of evidence, inclusive of cultural phenomena in many other species, suggests that it was, in fact, their mistake. Often called gene–culture co-evolution theory, the reverse order (as used here) might be a better way of characterizing the underlying causal dynamics. The ‘purposeful’ behaviour (teleonomy) of living systems has exerted a major influence on the trajectory of biological evolution.
Technical design and environmental analysis of 100-kWp on-grid photovoltaic power plant in north-western Iran
Authors: Vatankhah Ghadim Hadi , Fallah Ardashir Jaber 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Due to the fuel security and environmental concerns of traditional energy resources like fossil fuels, grid operators are tending to use renewable energies as the primary energy supply. This paper presents the study of designing, simulation and analysis of a 100-kWp on-grid photovoltaic power plant (PV-PP) in north-western Iran. Accurate meteorological data, satellite images and local knowledge from this region have narrowed down the options to three highly irradiated cities of Maragheh, Mahabad and Khalkhal in this region. PVsyst and MATLAB software are used in this paper to obtain the performance results. Environmental effects and carbon-emission savings from the execution of the proposed PV-PP are also available in this paper. The result of this study shows that PV-PP installation in Maragheh will have higher energy output than the two other cities. This study is insightful for the academics and the grid stakeholders in finding optimal spots in north-western Iran to construct a PV-PP. Also, recommendations are available for future studies.
A 100-kWp on-grid photovoltaic power plant is designed in north-western Iran. Accurate meteorological data, satellite images, and local knowledge are used in a simulation to select the best location from among three cities.
Nephrotoxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)—effect on transcription and epigenetic factors
Authors: Wen Yi , Rashid Faizan , Fazal Zeeshan , Singh Ratnakar , Spinella Michael J , Irudayaraj Joseph 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPerfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a widespread persistent environmental pollutant implicated in nephrotoxicity with altered metabolism, carcinogenesis, and fibrosis potential. We studied the underlying epigenetic mechanism involving transcription factors of PFOS-induced kidney injury. A 14-day orally dosed mouse model was chosen to study acute influences in vivo. Messenger RNA expression analysis and gene set enrichment analysis were performed to elucidate the relationship between epigenetic regulators, transcription factors, kidney disease, and metabolism homeostasis. PFOS was found to accumulate in mouse kidney in a dose-dependent manner. Kidney injury markers Acta2 and Bcl2l1 increased in expression significantly. Transcription factors, including Nef2l2, Hes1, Ppara, and Ppard, were upregulated, while Smarca2 and Pparg were downregulated. Furthermore, global DNA methylation levels decreased and the gene expression of histone demethylases Kdm1a and Kdm4c were upregulated. Our work implicates PFOS-induced gene expression alterations in epigenetics, transcription factors, and kidney biomarkers with potential implications for kidney fibrosis and kidney carcinogenesis. Future experiments can focus on epigenetic mechanisms to establish a panel of PFOS-induced biomarkers for nephrotoxicity evaluation.
Atrial pacing to suppress ventricular arrhythmias in the critically ill patients: a case report
Authors: Riad Omar , Russell Clare , Garfield Ben , Behar Jonathan M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias are common in the critically ill due to a variety of factors including sepsis, myocardial ischaemia, renal dysfunction, and electrolyte disturbances. Anti-arrhythmic medications can be useful to control arrhythmias but can result in bradycardia and haemodynamic compromise. A paced atrial rhythm alongside normal atrioventricular conduction can be helpful to treat bradycardia, prevent arrhythmias, and support cardiac output.

Case summary
A 55-year-old gentleman with pseudomonas pneumonia, respiratory failure necessitating mechanical haemodynamic support, and subsequent coronary ischaemia presented to the intensive care unit. Paroxysms of atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias caused haemodynamic embarrassment and presented an ongoing clinical challenge as anti-arrhythmic medications resulted in bradycardia and Torsade de Pointes. Atrial pacing mediated intrinsic conduction via the His-Purkinje system inhibited ventricular ectopy and further arrhythmia breaking the tachycardia—bradycardia cycle; this stabilized the patient, facilitated ongoing intensive therapy unit care and promoted recovery.

Conclusion
Atrial pacing mediated intrinsic conduction via the His-Purkinje system is an effective approach to suppress ventricular ectopy and sustained arrhythmias whilst protecting the patient from haemodynamically compromising bradycardia.