bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Liquid Aqua-Grow on Efficacy Of Dursban Against Japanese Beetle Grubs, Massachusetts Golf Course, 1986
Authors: Vittum P J. , Mimms R. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dursban 4E was applied at 2 rates to a golf course fairway maintained at ca. 2.5 inches cutting height. Each rate was applied in combination with Aqua-Grow at a rate of 0, 2, 4, or 6 oz per 1,000 sq ft. All materials were applied with 3 qt water in a watering can. All applications were made in 2 (perpendicular) directions within each 8-ft by 8-ft plot. All plots were replicated 5 times in a CRB design. The test area received 0.5 inch irrigation (pH 6.8) 1.5 hr after application. All materials were applied 30 Jul and plots were sampled 8 Oct. Two 1-sq-ft sections of sod, ca. 4 inch deep, were removed from the center of each plot, inspected on the spot, and the number of healthy grubs recorded.
Aphicide and Phytotoxicity Evaluations, 1986
Authors: Warkentin D. , Begley J. , Harris M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plants were potted 1 per container in Metro Mix 500 medium and maintained withir; a covered greenhouse where natural aphid infestation occurred in Jan. For each cultivar, a pretreatment determination of all live aphids was made for each of 3 replicate pots per treatment. Sprays were applied to the point of runoff with hand-held mist bottles. There were 5 applications made at 5-day intervals, with an efficacy evaluation of 3 of the cultivars made 5 days after the first treatment. Phytotoxicity evaluations on all 4 cultivars were made following the lasi treatment.
Control of Spider Mites on Greenhouse Ornamentals, 1986
Authors: Browning H. W. , Royer T. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
4 inch pots of each plant species were arranged in a random design with 12 replicates per treatment. One application of all treatments was made 7 Jan. Pesticides were applied until runoff. Each plant received 32 ± 8 ml total spray formulation. Rates were calibrated in lb AI per 100 gal of finished formulation. Each plant was inoculated with ca. 5 adult female spider mites from a laboratory culture on 1 Jan. Treatments were applied one week later through a CO2-driven hand-held sprayer at 30 psi using a 8015 E flat fan nozzle until runoff. Total output of the sprayer was 500 ml/min. Whole plant counts of adult female mites were recorded immediately prior to and 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 DAT. Data were analyzed with ANOVA. Due to significant pre-treatment levels, post-treatment counts were subjected to Analysis of Covariance and means were separated using Fisher's Protected LSD.
Control of Vegetable Mites on Carnation, Hawaii, 1986
Authors: Hara A. H. , Hori T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field efficacy trials were conducted at Kula, Maui, Hawaii at 2,000 ft elev. Experimental plots measured 3 by 7 ft and were arranged in a RCB with 3 blocks. A total of 12 leaves were collected per plot (3 leaves per plant, 4 plants) and observed for eggs, nymphs and adult mites. Insecticides were applied at weekly intervals beginning 25 Mar for four weeks using a compressed G02 sprayer with a no. 9503 Tee Jet nozzle at 40 psi delivering ca. 200 gal/acre. The spreader-sticker, Triton BB 1956 was added to each treatment at a rate of3floz/100gal.
Insecticides and Combinations for Control of Green Peach Aphid, 1986
Authors: Warkentin D. , Begley J. , Harris M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aphids from a greenhouse colony were introduced onto greenhouse-grown, vegetative, potted mums in Jan. All plants were initially pruned to equal height and six leaves. Two foliar sprays, 3 days apart were applied to runoff with hand-held mist bottles. Efficacy evaluations on both lower canopy leaves and 3-inch terminal shoots were based on the mean number of aphids per replicate pot, with 3 samples summed to comprise each replicate, and 4 replicate pots per treatment.
Evaluation of Cygon 4Ec for Aphid Control, 1986
Authors: Warkentin D. , Begley J. , Harris M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Vegetative plants were grown single stem in Metro Mix 500 medium and maintained vithin a closed greenhouse where they were inoculated with aphids from a cultured colony. There were 3 plants per 6-inch pot, and 4 replicate pots per i reatment. A pre-treatment evaluation was made to determine the baseline number of live aphids on one stem per pot; these stems were tagged and used lor subsequent evaluations. Sprays were applied to the point of runoff with hand-held mist bottles. There were 2 applications with a 3-day interval; applications vere made on 22 Apr and 25 Apr immediately following the evaluations.
Selecron 6Ec for Control of Green Peach Aphid, 1986
Authors: Warkentin D. , Harris M. , Begley J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Leaves were dipped in treatment solutions, allowed to air dry and then placed in 1 oz plastic creamer cups and 10 aphids introduced for testing residue efficacy. For contact/residue efficacy, 10 aphids were placed on leaves in each cup and then sprayed with hand-held atomizers. Each treatment was replicated 5 times with 10 aphids per replicate. Cups were capped with plastic snap-on lids and mortality evaluations made at 2 DAT.
Hairy Chinch Bug Control on a Home Lawn in Butler Co., Pa, 1986
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The lawn consisted primarily of fine leafed fescue. Treatment plots were 5 x 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a C02 sprayer with four 8504 Tee Jet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 30 psi with a 4 gal/1,000 ft2 spray rate. At treatment time, the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temp, 68°F; soil temp, 72°F; % RH, 67; amount of thatch, 1.25 inches; soil type, clay-loam; % soil moisture, 12.7; soil pH, 7.2; % organic matter, 3.1; water pH, slightly acidic; no rainfall was recorded over the posttreatment period. Posttreatment counts were made 1 day and 6 days after the initial 30 Jul treatment date. Hairy chinch bugs were sampled by driving a 6 inch stainless steel cylinder into the turf, filling with water, and counting the number of chinch bug numphs and adults floating to the surface over a 10 min period. Three floatation samples were randomly taken from within each replicate, and the total number of chinch bugs from each sample was recorded and converted to a ft2 count.
Hairy Chinch Bug Control on a Home Lawn in Butler, Pa, 1986
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The lawn consisted primarily of fine leafed fescue. Treatment plots were 5 x 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a C02 sprayer with four 8004VS Tee Jet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi with a 4 gal/1,000 ft2 spray rate. Granular formulations were mixed with a fine grade of calcined clay top dressing (Terragreen) to facilitate product distribution. Then they were applied with a hand held shaker. At treatment time, the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temp, 76°F; soil temp, 84°F; % RH, 68; amount of thatch, 1.5-2.0 inches; soil type, silt-loam; % soil moisture, 12.0; soil pH, 5.7; % organic matter, 5.0; water pH, slightly acidic; no rain was recorded over the posttreatment period. Posttreatment counts were made 6 days after the initial 30 Jul treatment date. Hairy chinch bugs were sampled by driving a 6 inch stainless steel cylinder into the turf, filling with water, and counting the number of chinch bug nymphs and adults floating to the surface over a 10 min period. Three floatation samples were randomly taken from within each replicate, and the total number of chinch bugs from each sample was recorded and converted to a ft2 count.
Phytotoxicity and Greenhouse Whitefly Control on Poinsettias, Massachusetts Greenhouse, 1986
Authors: Vittum P. J. , Mimms R. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plants were grown in 6 inch plastic pots in 25% Metro Mix 350, 25% Terralite, and 50% sterilized field soil. Plants were pinched to 7 leaves on 9 Oct. Bracts began to color early in the second week of Nov. Insecticides were applied on 30 Sep and again on 14 Oct. Each insecticide except Lynx was sprayed to run-off with a C02-powered sprayer delivering 35 psi. Lynx was applied as a soil drench, with 100 ml of solution applied to each pot. Foliar sprays were directed to both upper and lower leaf surfaces of 4 plants, which were then arranged randomly on benches. Observations for efficacy and phytotoxicity were made at 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 DAT.
Control of Bagworms on Oriental Arborvitae, 1986
Authors: Price Richard , Gladin Jodie , Pinkston Ken 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bagworm control was evaluated on a row of individual Oriental arborvitae plants, 10 ft high and 5 ft wide, located near a golf course in Stillwater, OK. Treatments were made on 6 Jun and replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. The plants were sprayed until runoff with a FMC DM 010 sprayer at 350 psi. The temperature and wind velocity at the time of treatment was 75°F and 5 mph, respectively. Mortality was determined by examining 10 larvae from each replication at 1, 4, 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment. Significant control was obtained in all treatments up to 21 days after treatment when compared to the check.
Control of Bagworms on California Incense Cedar, 1986
Authors: Gladin Jodie , Price Richard , Pinkston Ken 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bagworm control was evaluated on 2-3 ft high California incense cedars. Treatments were made on 23 Jul and were replicated 12 times in a randomized complete block design. The plants were sprayed until runoff with a Hardi RY-15 backpack sprayer at 6 psi. The temperature and wind velocity was 93°F and 0-5 mph, respectively. Mortality was determined by examining 2 larvae from each replication at 2, 7, and 14 days after treatment. The larval cases were approximately 1.5 in long.
Nantucket Pine Tip Moth Control, Claifornia, 1986
Authors: Ali A. D. , Garcia J. , Hartin J. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted on a 4-year-old commercial stand in Grand Terrace, CA. Experiment design was a randomized complete block with 3 replications. Each plot contained 4 trees. Average tree height was 5.5 ft. Treatments were applied with a Solo® knapsack sprayer using a hollow cone nozzle at 32 psi, and a 100 gal/acre spray rate. Nantucket pine tip moth damage was estimated by randomly selecting 40 terminals per tree (10 in each compass direction) and recording the number of damaged and healthy tips. Insecticides were applied on 2 Jun, 5 Aug, and 30 Sep, and damage evaluations were made on 11 Jul, 9 Sep and 28 Oct.
Soil Applied Insecticides for Control of Nantucket Pine Tip Moth in Kentucky, 1985
Authors: Johnson Douglas W. , Appleton Bonnie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A stand of (ca 2.5 cm diam) Virginia pine on a commercial plantation was used for evaluation. Fifteen single tree replicates were treated 10 Apr at the drip line with either 70 g of 15% granular carbofuran or 70 g of 15% granular disulfoton or 1-150 g Jobe's 16-4-4 tree spike with 1% carbofuran or 1-150 g Jobe's 15-3-3 tree spike with 1% disulfoton or no treatment. One half of the replicates for each treatment were retreated 4 Jun with equivalent original treatments. Once each month trees were examined and the no of damaged tips per tree was recorded. Data from 2 examination dates, corresponding to peaks of larval activity, were chosen for analysis.
Repellency and Toxicity of Eastern Red Cedar to Cockroaches and the Firebrat, 1986
Authors: Appel A. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Freshly made, 7 mm thick, 100% cedar particle board was evaluated for repellency in standard Ebeling choice boxes and for toxicity by continuous exposure. Three surface areas of particle board were evaluated: 250, 400, and 469 cm2, as well as untreated control (masonite panel). Each treatment was replicated 6 times. Water and food (Purina Dog Chow) was provided ad libitum only in the light side of the choice box. Twenty adult male German cockroaches, (American Cyanamid Co., Clifton, NJ, susceptible strain), brownbanded cockroaches, American cockroaches, smokybrown cockroaches, or firebrats, were placed into the light side of each box. The insects were allowed access to the treated side after 2 h. Position and mortality were recorded daily for 14 days. Toxicity of cedar paneling was accessed by confining 5 groups of 6 males of each cockroach species or large firebrats to the paneling. The insects were confined under inverted 9 cmdiam petri dish bottoms that had been lightly coated on the vertical sides with petroleum jelly. No food or water was provided and mortality was recorded daily. Control mortality was determined for each species by confinement to masonite paneling.
Evaluation of Amitraz Collars and Pour-On Applications of Young'S® Poron 20, GX-118™, and Dursban® 44 for Lice Control on Beef Cattle, 1986
Authors: Lloyd J. E. , Kumar R. , Watson D. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental steer and heifer calves were of mixed breeds and originated in eastern WY. They were housed in separate pens in groups of 7 animals each at Torrington, WY. The cattle were naturally infested with the cattle biting louse, Bovicola bovis, the longnosed cattle louse, Linognathus vituli, and the little blue cattle louse, Solenopotes capillatus Enderlein. Lice density was estimated by observing and recording the number of each species at sample sites on the host. One 15-cm sample site was located across the occipital area directly behind the poll. The equivalent of 3, 15-cm sample sites were located on the head, shoulder, and topline. Sample sites on the head were 1, 15-cm hairpart on either side of the face from the corner of the mouth toward the base of the ear and 2, 7.5-cm hairparts on either side of the muzzle. Sample sites on the shoulder were 3, 15-cm vertical parts on the right side of the body. Sample sites on the topline were located on the right side of the animal ca. 25 cm posterior to the withers and 25 cm anterior to the hip bone. These sites consisted of 3 vertical 15-cm hairparts ca. 15 cm apart. For the evaluation of amitraz collars and Dursban 44 pour-on, pretreatment lice populations were estimated on 14 Jan. Each of 3 pens heavily infested with biting lice and 3 pens heavily infested with sucking lice were randomly assigned to one of the 3 treatments. For the evaluation of Poron 20 at 2 dosages and GX-118, pretreatment lice populations were estimated on 20 Jan. Six pens of cattle infested with sucking lice were randomly assigned one of 4 treatments. Two 9% amitraz dog collars, each 62.5 cm in length and 1.5 cm in width, were joined end to end through the buckle, and placed around the neck of the bovine. Several layers of filament tape were placed over the buckle. Pour-on treatments were applied according to label directions for lice control. Young's Poron was applied also at 5 ml/50 kg, the grub control dose.
Methoprene Bolus for Horn Fly Control in Wyoming, 1986
Authors: Watson D. W. , Lloyd J. E. , Kumar R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two herds of experimental cattle were used. A herd of Hereford cattle was divided into 3 groups and treated on 27 Jun. The 3 groups were: (1) an untreated group of 13 cows, 2 heifers, and 13 calves; (2) a treated group of 39 cows, 7 heifers, and 35 calves in which cows and heifers received "bolus 1"; and (3) a group of 41 cows, 12 heifers, and 36 calves in which cows and heifers received "bolus 2." The second herd consisted of 76 yearling steers of mixed breeds, and was treated on 10 Jun. This herd was divided into: (1) an untreated group of 16 steers; (2) a group of 30 steers which received "bolus 1;" and (3) a group of 30 steers that received "bqlus 2." All treated animals weighed ^ 660 lb and received one of two formulations of a 3% methoprene bolus. The cow/calf groups as well as the steers were pastured in adjacent fields. Pasture size of the untreated, bolus 1, and bolus 2 groups were 58, 192, and 210 ha for the cow/calf groups, and 23.1, 63.6, and 63.6 ha for the steers, respectively. Horn fly numbers on one side of each of 15 untreated and 30 treated steers and 14 untreated and 15 treated cows were recorded on days 3, 7, 14, and every 2 weeks thereafter.
Laboratory Evaluations of Igr's and Toxicants Against the Larvae of the Oriental Rat Flea, 1986
Authors: Chamberlain W. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 10-g sample of a mixture of fine sand and flea larval diet was placed in a 25-ml screw-capped vial. An appropriate concentration of technical IGR or toxicant in 500 u.1 of acetone was added to the mix; after stirring, the acetone was evaporated at room temperature. Twenty-four h later, 200 u.1 of water was added and stirred into the mix. Twenty-five laboratory-reared, 2nd-stage larvae were added. Vials were covered with 0.3-mm mesh marquisette cloth and held in separate chambers at 75% RH, 26731° ± 1°C and corresponding 8/16 dark/light cycle. Each test was replicated 2 to 4 times. Control vials containing the sand-diet mix were treated with the acetone only and handled in the same manner as test vials. At 30 days after establishment the vials were examined. Any emerged fleas were killed with a drop of chloroform, and the number of cocoons and emerged fleas were counted. The highest concentration of toxicant tested was 100 ppm; dilutions to 0.0001 ppm were tested, as needed to obtain reduced mortality.
Apple, Rosy Apple Aphid Test, 1986
Authors: Swift Fred C. , Herman Elizabeth J. , Starner Van 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 16 year-old apple orchard variety ‘Rome’ was used in this test. Single tree plots replicated twice in a randomized complete block design were sprayed to runoff (ca 5 gal/tree) with a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a handgun and operated at 300 psi. Treatments were applied on either 14 Apr, tight cluster (TC) or 25 Apr, pink (P). For disease control the entire orchard was sprayed with Captan and Polyram as needed. RAA control was evaluated by counting all colonies on test trees.
Pear, Pear Psylla Control, 1986
Authors: Burts Everett 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five-year-old pear trees were sprayed with handguns operating at 600 psi to evaluate pesticides for control of PP. Plots consisted of unreplicated blocks 2 rows wide containing ca. 48 trees. In the standard program trees were sprayed as follows: 18 Mar—Pydrin 2.4 lb/gal EC .075 lb (AI)/100 gal plus superior oil 1 gal/100 gal; 7 Apr—Morestan 25% WP .25 lb (AI) plus Pydrin 2.4 EC .075 lb (AI) plus Parathion 4F .25 lb (AI)/100 gal; 28 May and 19 Jun—Guthion 50% WP .25 lb (AI)/100 gal; and 17 Jul— Mitac 50% WP .375 lb (AI) plus Guthion .25 lb (AI)/100 gal. The 3 insect growth regulators (IGR's) (first 3 treatments in tables) were applied 7 Apr, 30 Apr, 28 May, 19 Jun and 17 Jul. PP eggs, nymphs and adults were counted at 2-week intervals. Adults were counted on 25 limb taps/plot. Eggs and nymphs were counted on 2 samples of 5 fruiting spurs/plot from 8 Apr through 8 May and 2 50-leaf samples/plot thereafter. All spur tissues were examined under a dissecting microscope; leaf samples were processed using the standard leaf brushing technique. Adults were counted by the limb-tap method. Phytophagous mites were also counted on brushed-leaf samples. AA infestations were rated by determining percent infested terminals and average number of infested leaves/terminal by examining all terminals in plots. PP, PRM russets and CM damage were rated according to US grade standards for fresh market pears on 2 samples of 25 fruit/rep.
Pear, Early Season Pear Psylla Control, 1986
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to replicated 3-tree plots of 8-year-old Bartlett trees. Each treatment was replicated 5 times. Trees were planted to a spacing of 7.4 x 7.4 m. Treatments were applied with a handgun from a truck-mounted hydraulic sprayer at 375 psi. Dates of application were: bud burst (3 Apr), white bud (19 Apr), and petal fall (6 May). Approximately 2 gal of spray was applied per tree. Treatments were evaluated for PP control by counts of eggs and nymphs at 1 to 2 week intervals. Counts were made by sampling 10 mid-terminal or spur leaves from the middle tree in each replicate. The count on 30 May was made by sampling 5 mid-terminal and 5 distal leaves from each tree. PP pressure was moderate through the experiment.
Pear, Insect Control with Abamectin, 1986
Authors: Riedl H. , Shearer P. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sprays were applied by handgun operating at 200 psi to 13-year old pear trees. Test plots consisted of 4 single-tree replicates in a randomized block. Trees did not receive any prebloom sprays to allow PP to build. Experimental sprays were applied 24 Apr (petal fall), 17 Jun and 31 Jul. PP populations were sampled at 2-week intervals through the season. At petal fall (21 Apr) nymphs were counted on 5 spurs/tree. During May nymphs were counted on 20 spur leaves/tree (2 leaves/spur). In the 2nd generation and later, sampling shifted to terminals. A top, middle and bottom leaf were collected from each of 6 terminals/tree. Leaves were examined under a stereo microscope. Besides nymphs, the proportion of leaves with PP eggs was also recorded. Fruit was evaluated for PP russet at harvest (10 Sep) using US grade standards. Where possible, 25 fruits were examined/tree. Some trees had fewer pears due to poor set.
Pear, Prebloom Control of Pear Psylla with Pyrethroid Insecticides, Commercial Test, 1986
Authors: Riedl H. , Shearer P. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
One half of a 1.25 acre 35-eyar old commercial pear orchard was treated with Pydrin, the other half with Pounce. Sprays were applied dilute at ‘delayed dormant’ by an Aerofan sprayer delivering 200 gal/acre. Otherwise, the entire orchard received a standard commercial insect and mite control program before and after bloom: Superior oil and flowable sulfur at ‘dormant’ (26 Feb), Morestan at ‘white bud’ (31 Mar), and Guthion at ‘1st cover’ (27 May). Cyprex and Bayleton were applied as needed for disease control. PP populations in the test plots were sampled by beating tray counts of adults (1 tray/tree from 25 trees) and by nymph counts on spur (6 May) and shoot (23 Jun) leaves (108/treatment). Leaves were examined under a stereo microscope. In addition, the proportion of leaves with PP eggs as well as TSSM was also recorded.
Pear, Comparison of Superior Spray Oils, 1986
Authors: Riedl H. , Shearer P. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 4.4 acre 60-year-old commercial pear block was subdivided into 4 equal-sized plots to accommodate 3 different oil treatments and a check where no oil was applied. Volck Supreme was compared to 2 experimental spray oils which differed in terms of viscosity and emulsifiers. Oils were applied 28 Feb (dormant) together with flowable sulfur at 1 gal/acre; 14 Mar (delayed dormant) together with Ambush 2EC at 12 oz/acre and Lorsban 4E at 20 oz/acre; 29 May (1st cover) together with Guthion 50WP at 1.25 lb/acre. Otherwise, a standard insecticide and fungicide program was used throughout the test block. Sprays were applied dilute by an Aerofan sprayer delivering 200 gal/acre. Treatments were evaluated for PP control by beating tray counts of adults (25 trays/treatment) and nymph counts on spur (19 May) and shoot (24 Jun) leaves (108/treatment). Leaves were examined under a stereo microscope.