bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and appraisal of dalbergin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles modified with galactose against hepatocellular carcinoma: In-vitro, pharmacokinetic, and in-silico studies
Authors: Gautam Anurag Kumar , Kumar Pranesh , Maity Biswanath , Routholla Ganesh , Ghosh Balaram , Chidambaram Kumarappan , Begum M. Yasmin , Al Fatease Adel , Rajinikanth P.S. , Singh Sanjay , Saha Sudipta , M. R. Vijayakumar 
Published: October 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy which affects a substantial number of individuals all over the globe. It is the third primary cause of death among persons with neoplasm and has the fifth largest mortality rate among men and the seventh highest mortality rate among women. Dalbergin (DL) is described to be effective in breast cancer via changing mRNA levels of apoptosis-related proteins. DL belongs to neoflavonoids, a drug category with low solubility and poor bioavailability. We created a synthetic version of this naturally occurring chemical, DL, and then analyzed it using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and LC-MS. We also made PLGA nanoparticles and then coated them with galactose. The design of experiment software was used to optimize DL-loaded galactose-modified PLGA nanoparticles. The optimized DL-nanoformulations (DLF) and DL-modified nanoformulations (DLMF) were analyzed for particle size, polydispersity index, shape, and potential interactions. In-vitro experiments on liver cancer cell lines (HepG2) are used to validate the anti-proliferative efficacy of the modified DLMF. The in-vitro research on HepG2 cell lines also demonstrated cellular accumulation of DLF and DLMF by FITC level. The in-vitro result suggested that DLMF has high therapeutic effectiveness against HCC. In-vivo pharmacokinetics and bio-distribution experiments revealed that DLMF excelled pristine DL in terms of pharmacokinetic performance and targeted delivery, which is related to galactose’s targeting activity on the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) in hepatic cells. Additionally, we performed an in-silico study of DL on caspase 3 and 9 proteins, and the results were found to be −6.7 kcal/mol and −6.6 kcal/mol, respectively. Our in-silico analysis revealed that the DL had strong apoptotic properties against HCC.
Mycorrhizal inoculation effects on growth and the mycobiome of poplar on two phytomanaged sites after 7-year-short rotation coppicing
Authors: Ciadamidaro Lisa , Pfendler Stéphane , Girardclos Olivier , Zappelini Cyril , Binet Philippe , Bert Valerie , Khasa Damase , Blaudez Damien , Chalot Michel 
Published: October 2022

AimsAfforestation of trace-element contaminated soils, notably with fast growing trees, has been demonstrated to be an attractive option for bioremediation due to the lower costs and dispersion of contaminants than conventional cleanup methods. Mycorrhizal fungi form symbiotic associations with plants, contributing to their tolerance towards toxic elements and actively participating to the biorestoration processes. The aim of this study was to deepen our understanding on the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation on plant development and fungal community at two trace-element contaminated sites (Pierrelaye and Fresnes-sur-Escaut, France) planted with poplar (Populus trichocarpa x Populus maximowiczii).MethodsThe 2 sites were divided into 4 replicated field blocks with a final plant density of 2200 tree h-1. Half of the trees were inoculated with a commercial inoculum made of a mix of mycorrhizal species. The sites presented different physico-chemical characteristics (e.g., texture: sandy soil versus silty-loam soil and organic matter: 5.7% versus 3.4% for Pierrelaye and Fresnes-sur-Escaut, respectively) and various trace element contamination levels.ResultsAfter 7 years of plantation, inoculation showed a significant positive effect on poplar biomass production at the two sites. Fungal composition study demonstrated a predominance of the phylum Ascomycota at both sites, with a dominance of Geopora Arenicola and Mortierella elongata, and a higher proportion of ectomycorrhizal and endophytic fungi (with the highest values observed in Fresnes-sur-Escaut: 45% and 28% for ECM and endophytic fungi, respectively), well known for their capacity to have positive effects on plant development in stressful conditions. Furthermore, Pierrelaye site showed higher frequency (%) of mycorrhizal tips for ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) and higher intensity (%) of mycorrhizal root cortex colonization for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) than Fresnes-sur-Escaut site, which translates in a higher level of diversity.ConclusionsFinally, this study demonstrated that this biofertilization approach could be recommended as an appropriate phytomanagement strategy, due to its capacity to significantly improve poplar productivity without any perturbations in soil mycobiomes.
Validation and application of the Non-Verbal Behavior Analyzer: An automated tool to assess non-verbal emotional expressions in psychotherapy
Authors: Terhürne Patrick , Schwartz Brian , Baur Tobias , Schiller Dominik , Eberhardt Steffen T. , André Elisabeth , Lutz Wolfgang 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundEmotions play a key role in psychotherapy. However, a problem with examining emotional states via self-report questionnaires is that the assessment usually takes place after the actual emotion has been experienced which might lead to biases and continuous human ratings are time and cost intensive. Using the AI-based software package Non-Verbal Behavior Analyzer (NOVA), video-based emotion recognition of arousal and valence can be applied in naturalistic psychotherapeutic settings. In this study, four emotion recognition models (ERM) each based on specific feature sets (facial: OpenFace, OpenFace-Aureg; body: OpenPose-Activation, OpenPose-Energy) were developed and compared in their ability to predict arousal and valence scores correlated to PANAS emotion scores and processes of change (interpersonal experience, coping experience, affective experience) as well as symptoms (depression and anxiety in HSCL-11).Materials and methodsA total of 183 patient therapy videos were divided into a training sample (55 patients), a test sample (50 patients), and a holdout sample (78 patients). The best ERM was selected for further analyses. Then, ERM based arousal and valence scores were correlated with patient and therapist estimates of emotions and processes of change. Furthermore, using regression models arousal and valence were examined as predictors of symptom severity in depression and anxiety.ResultsThe ERM based on OpenFace produced the best agreement to the human coder rating. Arousal and valence correlated significantly with therapists’ ratings of sadness, shame, anxiety, and relaxation, but not with the patient ratings of their own emotions. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation indicates that negative valence was associated with higher affective experience. Negative valence was found to significantly predict higher anxiety but not depression scores.ConclusionThis study shows that emotion recognition with NOVA can be used to generate ERMs associated with patient emotions, affective experiences and symptoms. Nevertheless, limitations were obvious. It seems necessary to improve the ERMs using larger databases of sessions and the validity of ERMs needs to be further investigated in different samples and different applications. Furthermore, future research should take ERMs to identify emotional synchrony between patient and therapists into account.
The main effect and gene-environment interaction effect of the ADCYAP1R1 polymorphism rs2267735 on the course of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms—A longitudinal analysis
Authors: Zhang Jingyi , Li Gen , Yang Haibo , Cao Chengqi , Fang Ruojiao , Liu Ping , Luo Shu , Zhao Guangyi , Zhang Yingqian , Zhang Kunlin , Wang Li 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundMany studies have been performed to investigate the association between the ADCYAP1R1 polymorphism rs2267735 and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the results have been inconsistent, and the way in which this gene affects the course of PTSD has not been widely investigated. Thus, a longitudinal study of the course (development trajectory) of PTSD is needed.MethodsIn this study, we performed a longitudinal analysis of rs2267735 in 1017 young, trauma-exposed Chinese people (549 females and 468 males, ranging from 7 to 11 years old). At four time points after trauma exposure (2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 years), we measured PTSD symptoms with the University of California, Los Angeles PTSD Reaction Index (PTSD-RI) for DSM-IV (Child Version). We employed a latent growth model (LGM) for the longitudinal data to test the association between rs2267735 (main and gene-environment interaction effects) and the course of PTSD symptoms.ResultsThe results of LGM showed that the gene-environment interaction (rs2267735 × trauma exposure) effects were associated with PTSD symptoms in girls at 2.5 years (β = –0.291 and P = 0.013 for LGM intercept). The gene-environment interaction (rs2267735 × trauma exposure) effect was also correlated with PTSD symptoms in girls at 3.5 and 4.5 years (β = –0.264 and P = 0.005; β = –0.217 and P = 0.013).ConclusionOur study revealed that the gene-environment interaction of the ADCYAP1R1 polymorphism rs2267735 is associated with PTSD symptoms in girls at 2.5 years and that the effects may be stable over time and not related to the PTSD symptom recovery rate. This is the first study to detect the how the ADCYAP1R1 gene affects the course of PTSD after trauma exposure in a longitudinal view.
Effect of microplastics on nasal and intestinal microbiota of the high-exposure population
Authors: Zhang Xiyu , Wang Heting , Peng Sihan , Kang Jian , Xie Ziyan , Tang Ruobing , Xing Yiqian , He Yuchi , Yuan Haipo , Xie Chunguang , Liu Ya 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundMicroplastic has become a growing environmental problem. A balanced microbial environment is an important factor in human health. This study is the first observational cross-sectional study focusing on the effects of microplastics on the nasal and gut microbiota in a highly exposed population.MethodsWe recruited 20 subjects from a Plastic Factory (microplastics high-exposure area) and the other 20 from Huanhuaxi Park (microplastics low-exposure area) in Chengdu, China. We performed the microplastic analysis of soil, air, and intestinal secretions by laser infrared imaging, and microbiological analysis of nasal and intestinal secretions by 16S rDNA sequencing.ResultsThe result shows that the detected points of microplastics in the environment of the high-exposure area were significantly more than in the low-exposure area. Polyurethane was the main microplastic component detected. The microplastic content of intestinal secretions in the high-exposure group was significantly higher than in the low-exposure group. Specifically, the contents of polyurethane, silicone resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and polyethylene in the high-exposure group were significantly higher than in the low-exposure group. Moreover, high exposure may increase the abundance of nasal microbiotas, which are positively associated with respiratory tract diseases, such as Klebsiella and Helicobacter, and reduce the abundance of those beneficial ones, such as Bacteroides. Simultaneously, it may increase the abundance of intestinal microbiotas, which are positively associated with digestive tract diseases, such as Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, and Sphingomonas, and reduce the abundance of intestinal microbiotas, which are beneficial for health, such as Ruminococcus Torquesgroup, Dorea, Fusobacterium, and Coprococcus. A combined analysis revealed that high exposure to microplastics may not only lead to alterations in dominant intestinal and nasal microbiotas but also change the symbiotic relationship between intestinal and nasal microbiotas.ConclusionThe results innovatively revealed how microplastics can affect the intestinal and nasal microecosystems.Clinical trial registrationChiCTR2100049480 on August 2, 2021.
Longitudinal effects of exercise according to the World Health Organization guidelines on cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults
Authors: Kim Dasom , Ko Young , Jung Aeri 
Published: October 2022

PurposeTo investigate the longitudinal effects of adequate exercise, defined as an exercise duration of ≥150 min/week by the World Health Organization (WHO), on cognitive function in middle-aged adults.MethodsThis study was a longitudinal panel analysis using secondary data obtained from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) database, with 4,825 participants registered and comprising five rounds of survey data in 2-year intervals from 2010 to 2018. The participants were divided into the adequate exercise (≥150 min/week), deficient exercise (&lt;150 min/week), and no exercise groups according to the WHO definition, and their cognitive decline over the 8-year period was analyzed. Further, we investigated the longitudinal effects of exercise using a fixed effects model with cognitive function as the dependent variable.ResultsIn the dementia group, both deficient (&lt;150 min/week) and adequate (≥150 min/week) exercises had statistically significantly positive effects on cognitive function. However, the coefficient size was not significantly larger in the adequate exercise group than in the deficient exercise group. In the participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), an adequate exercise level had significantly positive effects on cognitive function, while a deficient exercise level did not. In the participants with normal cognition, an adequate exercise level was not significantly associated with changes in cognitive function.ConclusionContinuous exercise can have a positive influence on cognitive function scores in middle-aged and older adults with MCI or dementia, but the findings cannot substantiate that adequate exercise (≥150 min/week) is more effective compared to deficient exercise (&lt;150 min/week).
Machine learning-based classification of circadian rhythm characteristics for mild cognitive impairment in the elderly
Authors: Liu Zhizhen , Zhang Lin , Wu Jingsong , Zheng Zhicheng , Gao Jiahui , Lin Yongsheng , Liu Yinghua , Xu Haihua , Zhou Yongjin 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionUsing wrist-wearable sensors to ecological transient assessment may provide a more valid assessment of physical activity, sedentary time, sleep and circadian rhythm than self-reported questionnaires, but has not been used widely to study the association with mild cognitive impairment and their characteristics.Methods31 normal cognitive ability participants and 68 MCI participants were monitored with tri-axial accelerometer and nocturnal photo volumetric pulse wave signals for 14 days. Two machine learning algorithms: gradient boosting decision tree and eXtreme gradient boosting were constructed using data on daytime physical activity, sedentary time and nighttime physiological functions, including heart rate, heart rate variability, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation, combined with subjective scale features. The accuracy, precision, recall, F1 value, and AUC of the different models are compared, and the training and model effectiveness are validated by the subject-based leave-one-out method.ResultsThe low physical activity state was higher in the MCI group than in the cognitively normal group between 8:00 and 11:00 (P &lt; 0.05), the daily rhythm trend of the high physical activity state was generally lower in the MCI group than in the cognitively normal group (P &lt; 0.05). The peak rhythms in the sedentary state appeared at 12:00–15:00 and 20:00. The peak rhythms of rMSSD, HRV high frequency output power, and HRV low frequency output power in the 6h HRV parameters at night in the MCI group disappeared at 3:00 a.m., and the amplitude of fluctuations decreased; the amplitude of fluctuations of LHratio nocturnal rhythm increased and the phase was disturbed; the oxygen saturation was between 90 and 95% and less than 90% were increased in all time periods (P &lt; 0.05). The F1 value of the two machine learning algorithms for MCI classification of multi-feature data combined with subjective scales were XGBoost (78.02) and GBDT (84.04).ConclusionBy collecting PSQI Scale data combined with circadian rhythm characteristics monitored by wrist-wearable sensors, we are able to construct XGBoost and GBDT machine learning models with good discrimination, thus providing an early warning solution for identifying family and community members with high risk of MCI.
Associations of combined lifestyle behaviors with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in adults: A population-based cohort study in Jiangxi Province of China
Authors: Wang Tao , Ding Congcong , Zhou Wei , Zhu Lingjuan , Yu Chao , Huang Xiao , Bao Huihui , Cheng Xiaoshu 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundData are limited on the impact of combined lifestyle behaviors on mortality in Jiangxi Province, China.ObjectiveThe study examined the association between combined lifestyle behaviors and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in Jiangxi province.MethodsThe baseline survey was completed in Jiangxi Province from November 2013 to August 2014. We conducted a follow-up on 12,608 participants of 35 years of age or older from July 2019 to October 2020. Four known lifestyle behaviors were evaluated: alcohol consumption, smoking, diet (AHEI scores), and physical activity. Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the association of combined lifestyle behaviors with all-cause and CVD mortality.ResultsDuring 65,083 person-years of follow-up, among the 11,622 participants (mean age 59.1 years; 40.1% men) 794 deaths occurred, including 375 deaths from CVD disease in this study. Compared to the favorable lifestyle group, the adjusted HR of all-cause mortality was 1.25 (95% CI, 1.03–1.53) for the intermediate lifestyle group and 1.37 (95% CI, 1.11–1.71) for the unfavorable lifestyle group. Compared to the favorable lifestyle group, the adjusted HR of CVD mortality was 1.50 (95% CI, 1.11–2.03) for the intermediate lifestyle group and 1.58 (95% CI, 1.14–2.20) for the unfavorable lifestyle group. Significant interactions of lifestyle and BMI (P for interaction &lt;0.05) with the risk of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality were observed.ConclusionIn the current study, we reaffirm the associations of combined lifestyle factors with total and CVD mortality in Jiangxi Province, our data suggest that an unfavorable lifestyle was associated with a substantially increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality.
The prevalence of probable depression and probable anxiety, and associations with adverse childhood experiences and socio-demographics: A national survey in South Africa
Authors: Craig Ashleigh , Rochat Tamsen , Naicker Sara N. , Mapanga Witness , Mtintsilana Asanda , Dlamini Siphiwe N. , Ware Lisa J. , Du Toit Justin , Draper Catherine E. , Richter Linda , Norris Shane A. 
Published: October 2022

Objective and methodsMental health problems among adults are a growing public health concern, and middle-income countries such as South Africa are disproportionally affected. Using a large scale nationally representative weighted survey, we assessed the prevalence of probable depression, probable anxiety, and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and explored associations between probable depression, probable anxiety, ACEs, socio-economic status, and demographic characteristics.ResultsNationally, 25.7, 17.8, and 23.6% of respondents, respectively, reported scores of ≥10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), indicating probable depression or probable anxiety, and an ACE score of ≥4 (high exposure). Overall probable depression prevalence across South Africa varied from 14.7 to 38.8%. Both probable depression and probable anxiety were more frequently reported among adults who were: retired and older (&gt;65 years of age), and widowed, divorced, or separated; living in metropolitan areas; and only had primary school education. In a multivariable adjusted logistic regression, the likelihood of reporting probable depression or probable anxiety was also found to increase with each standard deviation increase in the ACE score (p &lt; 0.001), independent of other socio-demographic determinants.ConclusionThe prevalence of probable depression among respondents in South Africa varies significantly across the nine provinces. Furthermore, higher ACE score and several socio-demographic determinants were associated with a higher likelihood of probable depression and probable anxiety. Adult mental health services are urgently needed to identify groups of the population vulnerable to mental health problems for better targeting of interventions. Given the range of probable depression prevalence across the country, provincial level plans and resources should also reflect the burden of mental health problems in that province.
Mechanisms of bodily harm in emergency department youths with ADHD
Authors: Evans Spencer I. , Hale Elijah W. , Silverman Matt S. 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesWe sought to perform a review of emergency department data to illuminate whether there is a difference in the prevalence of severe injuries in patients with ADHD compared to patients without ADHD. We hope to illuminate whether providers should consider inquiring whether their pediatric patients have ADHD to improve long term outcomes.MethodsThis study is a retrospective cohort study of patient records contained in the TriNetX database, specifically of pediatric patients in this database who presented to an emergency department. We specifically looked at the risk difference in patients &lt;25 years of age with ADHD, no ADHD, inattentive type ADHD, hyperactive type ADHD, and combined type ADHD who presented with any fracture, a central fracture, an upper limb fracture, a lower limb fracture, an accidental overdose, a burn injury, a drowning incident, a gunshot wounds, suffocation, and a suicide attempt.ResultsComparison between the no-ADHD cohort and the inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive, combined, and overall ADHD cohorts revealed differences in the majority of outcomes studied. Patients with overall ADHD had significant differences in rates of all outcomes aside from the upper limb fracture. Patients with combined or hyperactive/impulsive ADHD had significant differences in all but drowning, and the inattentive cohort had significance all events.ConclusionThe stark difference between severe injury presentations in the pediatric emergency department between children with ADHD and without ADHD suggests that providers should consider inquiring whether patients have ADHD to educate them on their risk for severe injuries.