bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying Machine Learning in Sociology: How to Predict Gender and Reveal Research Preferences
Authors: Heiberger Raphael H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractApplications of machine learning (ML) in industry and natural sciences yielded some of the most impactful innovations of the last decade (for instance, artificial intelligence, gene prediction or search engines) and changed the everyday-life of many people. From a methodological perspective, we can differentiate between unsupervised machine learning (UML) and supervised machine learning (SML). While SML uses labeled data as input to train algorithms in order to predict outcomes of unlabeled data, UML detects underlying patterns in unlabeled observations by exploiting the statistical properties of the data. The possibilities of ML for analyzing large datasets are slowly finding their way into the social sciences; yet, it lacks systematic introductions into the epistemologically alien subject. I present applications of some of the most common methods for SML (i.e., logistic regression) and UML (i.e., topic models). A practical example offers social scientists a “how-to” description for utilizing both. With regard to SML, the case is made by predicting gender of a large dataset of sociologists. The proposed approach is based on open-source data and outperforms a popular commercial application (genderize.io). Utilizing the predicted gender in topic models reveals the stark thematic differences between male and female scholars that have been widely overlooked in the literature. By applying ML, hence, the empirical results shed new light on the longstanding question of gender-specific biases in academia.
Influence of the SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio on the specific properties of NaA zeolite
Authors: Paprica Nikola , Filipović Radislav , Perušić Mitar , Kostić Duško , Pantić Slavko , Damjanović Vladimir 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe aim of this research was to determine the influence of the SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio on the specific commercial properties of NaA zeolite subtypes as final market products (4A,4A-AG and 4A-MS) under the real production and process conditions. The value of the SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio, so-called silicate module, was set as independently variable and the effect on the physical and chemical properties of each of the subtypes of NaA zeolites was examined.The paper investigates how the SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio affects specific properties of NaA powders, namely the ion exchange capacity, oil adsorption capacity and water adsorption capacity. Some previous theoretical and experimental studies have shown that the molar ratio plays a crucial role in the formation of these very similar but for final application different subtypes of NaA zeolite. The experimental part of this work was performed and tested in real production conditions, which can be considered as an advantage in relevance to the obtained results. Various analytical and instrumental testing methods were used for the analysis of the obtained powders, including SEM, XRD and PSD analyses.
Quasi-in-situ EBSD Study of the Microstructure and Texture Evolution During Static Recrystallization in an Extruded Mg-Mn-Ce Alloy
Authors: Liu Huaiyu , Zhu Suming , Abbott Trevor B. , Zhen Zisheng , Nie Jian-Feng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA quasi-in-situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique is used to study the microstructure and texture evolution in an extruded Mg-1Mn-0.2Ce (wt.%) alloy during annealing at 400°C. The as-extruded alloy has a bimodal and partially recrystallized microstructure with a strong [$${10}\bar{1}{\text{0}}$$

10

1

¯

0

]//ED basal texture (ED represents extrusion direction). Upon annealing, the strong [$${10}\bar{1}{\text{0}}$$

10

1

¯

0

]//ED texture is mitigated and gradually replaced by a major rare earth (RE)-texture and minor texture components lying within an arc between $$\text{[10}\bar{1}{\text{0}}$$

[10

1

¯

0

]//ED and $$\text{[11}\bar{2}\text{0]}$$

[11

2

¯

0]

//ED. The RE-texture component observed from localized quasi-in-situ EBSD of a randomly selected area is $$\text{[85}\bar{13}\text{6]}$$

[85

13

¯

6]

//ED, which is ~8.1° from the [$${44}\bar{8}{\text{3}}$$

44

8

¯

3

]//ED RE-texture observed in the bulk sample. The texture change during quasi-in-situ annealing is associated with the preferential growth of the recrystallized (RX-ed) grains whose orientations are near $$\text{[85}\bar{13}\text{6]}$$

[85

13

¯

6]

//ED and $$\text{[32}\bar{5}\text{0]}$$

[32

5

¯

0]

//ED, at the expense of both RX-ed and deformed grains with [$${10}\bar{1}{\text{0}}$$

10

1

¯

0

]//ED orientations. This grain growth process mainly occurs in the deformation bands, where there is an agglomeration of the basal <a> and/or pyramidal II <c+a> geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs). The observed preferential grain growth could be due to the relatively low energy stored in these RX-ed grains that have specific orientations.
Interdisciplinary Confusion and Resolution in the Context of Moral Machines
Authors: Stenseke Jakob 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have fueled widespread academic discourse on the ethics of AI within and across a diverse set of disciplines. One notable subfield of AI ethics is machine ethics, which seeks to implement ethical considerations into AI systems. However, since different research efforts within machine ethics have discipline-specific concepts, practices, and goals, the resulting body of work is pestered with conflict and confusion as opposed to fruitful synergies. The aim of this paper is to explore ways to alleviate these issues, both on a practical and theoretical level of analysis. First, we describe two approaches to machine ethics: the philosophical approach and the engineering approach and show how tensions between the two arise due to discipline specific practices and aims. Using the concept of disciplinary capture, we then discuss potential promises and pitfalls to cross-disciplinary collaboration. Drawing on recent work in philosophy of science, we finally describe how metacognitive scaffolds can be used to avoid epistemological obstacles and foster innovative collaboration in AI ethics in general and machine ethics in particular.
A topology framework for macromolecular complexes and condensates
Authors: Heidari Maziar , Moes Duane , Schullian Otto , Scalvini Barbara , Mashaghi Alireza 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMacromolecular assemblies such as protein complexes and protein/RNA condensates are involved in most fundamental cellular processes. The arrangement of subunits within these nano-assemblies is critical for their biological function and is determined by the topology of physical contacts within and between the subunits forming the complex. Describing the spatial arrangement of these interactions is of central importance to understand their functional and stability consequences. In this concept article, we propose a circuit topology-based formalism to define the topology of a complex consisting of linear polymeric chains with inter- and intrachain interactions. We apply our method to a system of model polymer chains as well as protein assemblies. We show that circuit topology can categorize different forms of chain assemblies. Our multi-chain circuit topology should aid analysis and predictions of mechanistic and evolutionary principles in the design of macromolecular assemblies.
Economical Voltammetric Sensor for Sensitive Rapid Determination of Ondansetron in the Presence of Opioid Antagonist Naltrexone
Authors: Rahman Mona A. Abdel , Saad Ahmed S. , El-Mosallamy Sally S. , Elghobashy Mohamed R. , Zaazaa Hala E. , Atty Shimaa A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe electrochemical actions of ondansetron (OND) were investigated on the modified electrode with Polyvinyl Pyrollidone (PVP) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs). The oxidation peak current was enhanced to be doubled when compared to the bare electrode as a result of the synergistic effect of nanomaterial and cation-exchange polymer on the electron transfer rate. Following optimization of the experimental conditions, the Square Wave Voltammograms (SWV) method was employed to determine ondansetron in pharmaceutical formulations. Moreover, the modified electrode MWCNTs/PVP/CPE displayed high selectivity in the voltammetric measurements of ondansetron and co-administrated opioid antagonist drug naltrexone (NAL) with strong potential separation (422 mV). The response peak currents had a linear relationship with drug concentration in the range of (2.00–200.0 nmolL−1) with detection limits 430 pmolL−1and 456 pmolL−1for ondansetron and naltrexone, respectively. The electrode was successfully used to detect both medications electrochemically in human plasma samples.Graphical abstract
Motivations underpinning honeybee management practices: A Q methodology study with UK beekeepers
Authors: Kahane Fay , Osborne Juliet , Crowley Sarah , Shaw Rosalind 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBeekeepers are central to pollinator health. For policymakers and beekeeping organisations to develop widely accepted strategies to sustain honeybee populations alongside wild pollinators, a structured understanding of beekeeper motivations is essential. UK beekeepers are increasing in number, with diverse management styles despite calls for coordinated practice to manage honeybee health. Our Q methodology study in Cornwall, UK, indicated five beekeeping perspectives; conventional hobbyists, natural beekeepers, black bee farmers, new-conventional hobbyists and pragmatic bee farmers. Motivations can be shared across perspectives but trade-offs (notably between economic, social responsibility and ideological motivations) result in differing practices, some of which counter ‘official’ UK advice and may have implications for pollinator health and competition. Honeybee conservation emerged as a key motivator behind non-conventional practices, but wild pollinator conservation was not prioritised by most beekeepers in practice. Q methodology has the potential to facilitate non-hierarchical collaboration and conceptualisation of sustainable beekeeping, moving towards co-production of knowledge to influence policy.
A new hope for small-scale fisheries through local action groups? Comparing Finnish and Swedish experiences
Authors: Salmi Pekka , Linke Sebastian , Siegrist Nathan , Svels Kristina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNew forms of institutional support within modern multi-level fisheries governance are urgently needed to address the decline of coastal and inland fisheries. The EU-funded Fisheries Local Action Group (FLAG) initiative promises new hope to small-scale fishers by channelling support for the development of local fishing communities. This paper analyses the potential of FLAGs to contribute towards revitalizing small-scale fisheries in Nordic settings. Drawing on documents, surveys and interviews, we compare the implementation of FLAGs in Finland and Sweden. These countries were selected for analysis because they exhibit major differences in the implementation of FLAGs, alongside similarities in their coastal fisheries and social contexts. A special structural feature in Sweden is that FLAGs have been entirely integrated into Local Action Groups set up under the LEADER programme, an EU initiative that supports development projects in rural, coastal and urban areas. As a result, fisheries issues that used to be addressed by sectoral fishery groups are now subsumed into broader territorial initiatives. In Finland, the FLAG system still comprises independent fishery groups, which collaborate with LEADER groups. Our comparison of the two cases demonstrates the importance of dedicated institutional support for small-scale fisheries to enable them to access funding opportunities provided by the EU’s FLAG initiative. Our comparative perspective enables conclusions to be drawn regarding the pros and cons of different approaches to the implementation of this hierarchical funding system, and the extent to which they can help restore fishers’ self-reliance and benefit local fishing livelihoods.
Fetal Genu Recurvatum: A Case Series
Authors: Vishnoi Kulbhushan , Agrawal Purvi , Authreya Ashwini J. , Thakur Varun , Makam Adinarayana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGenu Recurvatum is a rare congenital anomaly involving the knees. Most of the cases are sporadic, and if isolated, carry a good prognosis. Syndromic association tend to be present, and if so, the diagnosis becomes important. Early diagnosis and counseling remain the key as the couple can make an early decision on the pregnancy. Proper counseling would also help the couple in knowing what to expect postnatally. One, or maybe more than one, surgeries may be required for its correction and the gait may never be completely normal. We present a case series diagnosed by ultrasound at our center between January 2014 and 2020. Through this concise article, we aim to give a key to antenatal diagnosis and postnatal management of this rare condition.
Augmented ε-Constraint Algorithm Applied to Multi-objective Optimization Programs of Residential Micro-CHP Systems
Authors: Teymoori H. Fatemeh , Safari Amir , Kamalinasab Mostafa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMicro-combined heat and power systems (Micro-CHP) are expected to play a major role in reducing carbon dioxide emission, increasing the primary energy and economic saving in the future. In this paper, the optimal planning of a residential Micro-CHP system for a single-family house situated in Iran is investigated. In order to achieve this target, a new mixed-integer linear programming model is developed. Mathematical modeling and optimization were carried out for the Micro-CHP system using natural gas, at the residential building level and for three different operating strategies, cost-driven, primary energy driven, and carbon emission driven. Three competing objective functions are simultaneously minimized using an augmented ε-constraint optimization algorithm. This work has multiple novelties, containing the consideration of some economic and technical constraints previously neglected, such as the energy, economic, and environmental effects of replacing conventional energy systems with a residential Micro-CHP system and the effects of integrating an electrical heating element for storing thermal energy (electrical heating element can act as a power sink when required). A detailed case study on a residential building situated in Tabriz city, Iran, was carried out by applying the developed model and the optimum strategies and optimal sizes for Micro-CHP, axillary boiler, and other equipment are obtained. Results have shown that the optimal values of CSR, PESR, and ERR, in the augmented ε-constraint method, were 12.46%, 1.19%, and 88.38%, respectively. In this case, the obtained result for a nominal capacity of Micro-CHP and boiler was 3.6 kW and 1.05 kW, respectively. Finally, the payback period was obtained for 2 years. Furthermore, to understand the influence of key parameters on the planning of the Micro-CHP system, the sensitivity analysis has been performed on energy prices. Sensitivity analysis of electricity price indicated that, by increasing the electricity price, the overall annual cost-saving value clearly increases, while increasing gas prices significantly reduces the profitability index.
Magnetoresistive and magnetocapacitive effects in magnetic elastomers
Authors: Stepanov G. V. , Bakhtiiarov A. V. , Lobanov D. A. , Borin D. Yu. , Semerenko D. A. , Storozhenko P. A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCreation of and the following research on systems featuring elastomer filled with a magnetic disperse material with good electroconductive properties have been a continuation of the development of magnetorheological fluids with the goal of finding compositions exhibiting a stronger magnetorheological effect. More profound investigations have revealed that composite materials of the given type also exhibit other significant features such as magnetodeformation, magnetostriction, field-induced shape memory, and piezomagnetoresistance, for which reason they are frequently classified as ‘magnetoactive elastomers’. Within the frames of this work, investigations of relationships between the electroconductive and dielectric properties of the polymer composite and external magnetic fields have been done. As has been shown by the experiments, changing the external magnetic field from zero to 330 mT causes the best samples to improve their conductive properties by six orders of magnitude. At the same time, the capacitance measured along with the resistance increases by a factor of 30. Reproducible and less subjected to the emergence of runouts at frequencies of 1 kHz and higher, the capacitance-based data offer hope that such elastomers may be good candidates for being employed as sensors. In order to make the sample-dependent results comparable, the capacitances are interpreted as the dielectric permeabilities. It should be noted though that this approach is strictly formal and the mechanism of the phenomenon observed still awaits its scrupulous study.
Traditional, Modern, and Molecular Strategies for Improving the Efficiency of Nitrogen Use in Crops for Sustainable Agriculture: a Fresh Look at an Old Issue
Authors: Elrys Ahmed S. , Elnahal Ahmed S. , Abdo Ahmed I. , Desoky El-Sayed M. , Selem Eman , Rady Mostafa M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractReactive nitrogen (N) plays a pivotal role in supplying N to plants and soil microbes, but it has negative environmental impacts through influencing the quality of water and air, which in turn influences human health. Thus, there is an urgent necessity to maximize N benefits while reducing the negative impacts on the environment. Improving crop N use efficiency (NUE) is required for environmental conservation and agricultural sustainability. Thus, the pivotal objective of this article is to introduce the modern developments and imminent prospects of improving crops NUE using various complementary methods. Here, the approaches of site-specific N management, use of synthetic and biological nitrification inhibitors, microbial nitrate (NO3−) immobilization stimulation, and stimulation of the dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), adopting agroforestry system, breeding techniques, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, omics approaches, and potential new targets and overexpression of N-related genes were presented as effective approaches to improving NUE. Optimal rate, time, application methods, using specially formulated forms of fertilizer, and using nitrification inhibitors are the most agricultural practices linked with improving NUE. The fertilizer recommendations could be often justified across the field rather than a uniform application using spatial variability of nutrient content. Restoring soil NO3−retention capacity and adopting agroforestry system can also be promising ways to improve NUE. Furthermore, the use of genetic modification or the development of new cultivars that use N more efficiently is critical. In addition, omics data, including transcriptomics and metabolomics, not only advance our current understanding of N reactions but also help us move towards strategies, which are more effective in improving NUE and enhancing crop production. In conclusion, this article strongly advocates the use of integrated approaches with a private insight of genetics and agricultural management when managing N.
Cooperative localisation of UAV swarm based on adaptive SA-PSO algorithm
Authors: Ma W. , Fang Y. , Fu W. , Liu S. , Guo E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, to address the cooperative localisation of a heterogeneous UAV swarm in the GNSS-denied environment, an adaptive simulated annealing-particle swarm optimisation (SA-PSO) cooperative localisation algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the forming principle of the communication and measurement framework is investigated in light of a heterogeneous UAV swarm composition. Secondly, a reasonably cooperative localisation function is established based on the proposed forming principle, which can minimise the relative localisation error with limited available information. Then, an adaptive weight principle is incorporated into the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) for better performance. Furthermore, in order to overcome the drawbacks of PSO algorithm easily falling into the local extreme point, an adaptive SA-PSO algorithm is improved to promote the convergence speed of cooperative localisation. Finally, comparative simulations are performed among the adaptive SA-PSO, adaptive PSO, and PSO algorithms to demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of the proposed adaptive SA-PSO algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance in convergence speed, and the cooperative localisation precision can be guaranteed.
Using gamification to enhance clinical trial start-up activities
Authors: Lane Karen , Majkowski Ryan , Gruber Joshua , Amirault Daniel , Hillery Shannon , Wieber Cortney , Thompson Dixie D , Huvane Jacqueline , Bridges Jordan , Ryu E. Paul , Eyzaguirre Lindsay M. , Gildea Marianne , Thompson Richard E. , Ford Daniel E. , Hanley Daniel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background:
The Trial Innovation Network (TIN) is a collaborative initiative within the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Program. To improve and innovate the conduct of clinical trials, it is exploring the uses of gamification to better engage the trial workforce and improve the efficiencies of trial activities. The gamification structures described in this article are part of a TIN website gamification toolkit, available online to the clinical trial scientific community.

Methods:
The game designers used existing electronic trial platforms to gamify the tasks required to meet trial start-up timelines to create friendly competitions. Key indicators and familiar metrics were mapped to scoreboards. Webinars were organized to share and applaud trial and game performance.

Results:
Game scores were significantly associated with an increase in achieving start-up milestones in activation, institutional review board (IRB) submission, and IRB approval times, indicating the probability of completing site activation faster by using games. Overall game enjoyment and feelings that the game did not apply too much pressure appeared to be an important moderator of performance in one trial but had little effect on performance in a second.

Conclusion:
This retrospective examination of available data from gaming experiences may be a first-of-kind use in clinical trials. There are signals that gaming may accelerate performance and increase enjoyment during the start-up phase of a trial. Isolating the effect of gamification on trial outcomes will depend on a larger sampling from future trials, using well-defined, hypothesis-driven statistical analysis plans.