bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A scalable phenotyping approach for female floral organ development and senescence in the absence of pollination in wheat
Authors: Millan-Blanquez Marina , Hartley Matthew , Bird Nicholas , Manes Yann , Uauy Cristobal , Boden Scott A. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
In the absence of pollination, female reproductive organs senesce, leading to an irrevocable loss in the reproductive potential of the flower, which directly affects seed set. In self-pollinating crops like wheat (Triticum aestivum), the post-anthesis viability of unpollinated carpels has been overlooked, despite its importance for hybrid seed production systems. To advance our knowledge of carpel development in the absence of pollination, we created a high-throughput phenotyping approach to quantify stigma and ovary morphology. We demonstrate the suitability of the approach, which uses light-microscopy imaging and machine learning, for the analysis of floral organ traits in field-grown plants using fresh and fixed samples. We show that the unpollinated carpel undergoes a well-defined initial growth phase, followed by a peak phase in which stigma area reaches its maximum and the radial expansion of the ovary slows, and a final deterioration phase. These developmental dynamics were consistent across years and could be used to classify male-sterile cultivars. This phenotyping approach provides a new tool for examining carpel development, which we hope will advance research into female fertility of wheat.
Assessing Strength and Power in Youth Populations
Authors: Oliver Jon L. , Lloyd Rhodri S. , Mathews Thomas A. , Moeskops Sylvia , Morris Stephanie J. , Pedley Jason S. , Radnor John M. 
Published: August 2022

Apply it!
After reading this article, exercise professionals will be able to:
• Understand why it is useful to assess strength and power in youth.
• Appreciate why it is important to consider maturity and size when assessing the strength and power of youth.
• Identify different tests that can be used to assess strength and power in youth, depending on available resources.
• Report results to different audiences, including children and their parent(s)/guardian(s), coaches, and exercise professionals.
Assessment of Fitness, Health, and Well-Being in the Occupational Setting: A Pragmatic Approach
Authors: Fang Kelly , Pronk Nico 
Published: August 2022

Apply It!
After reading this article, worksite health promotion and health and fitness professionals will:
• Understand the purpose of conducting assessments and the health and safety implications when a worker is not able to perform his or her job optimally physically or mentally.
• Appreciate how to recognize and manage the risks involved in conducting the assessments.
• Know how to apply the practical guidance on which assessments to use and how to implement them on-site or remotely.
Conducting Adult Client Field-Based Assessments Most Anywhere
Authors: Gibson Ann L. , Smith Jessica , Gibson Donald L. 
Published: August 2022

Apply It!
After completing this article, the readers should have learned:
• How to limit liability exposure
• More about administering field-based assessments by category for adults aged 18 to 60 or older
• How to select assessments based on a client's goal(s)
• Tips for improving assessment outcomes
Improving image quality and lung nodule detection for low-dose chest CT by using generative adversarial network reconstruction
Authors: Cao Qiqi , Mao Yifu , Qin Le , Quan Guotao , Yan Fuhua , Yang Wenjie 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:
To investigate the improvement of two denoising models with different learning targets (Dir and Res) of generative adversarial network (GAN) on image quality and lung nodule detectability in chest low-dose CT (LDCT).

Methods:
In training phase, by using LDCT images simulated from standard dose CT (SDCT) of 200 participants, Dir model was trained targeting SDCT images, while Res model targeting the residual between SDCT and LDCT images. In testing phase, a phantom and 95 chest LDCT, exclusively with training data, were included for evaluation of imaging quality and pulmonary nodules detectability.

Results:
For phantom images, structural similarity, peak signal-to-noise ratio of both Res and Dir models were higher than that of LDCT. Standard deviation of Res model was the lowest. For patient images, image noise and quality of both two models, were better than that of LDCT. Artifacts of Res model was less than that of LDCT. The diagnostic sensitivity of lung nodule by two readers for LDCT, Res and Dir model, were 72/77%, 79/83% and 72/79% respectively.

Conclusion:
Two GAN denoising models, including Res and Dir trained with different targets, could effectively reduce image noise of chest LDCT. The image quality evaluation scoring and nodule detectability of Res denoising model was better than that of Dir denoising model and that of hybrid IR images.

Advances in knowledge:
The GAN-trained model, which learned the residual between SDCT and LDCT images, reduced image noise and increased the lung nodule detectability by radiologists on chest LDCT. This demonstrates the potential for clinical benefit.
Customized retarders based on waveplates
Authors: Vilas Jose Luis , Herrera-Fernandez Jose Maria 
Published: August 2022

Phase control is a critical parameter in polarization measurements. It is well known that a proper combination of wave plates allows to obtain achromatic phase shift, i.e., a constant retardation in certain spectral ranges. This paper is focused on a different, but more useful, goal, as it is to achieve customized variable retarders in broad spectral ranges. To do that, a merit function was used to measure the similarity between the overall phase shift of the wave plate combinations and the desired target. The control variables are the thicknesses and orientations of the wave plates. All possible combinations with four and five wave plates of quartz and

M
g
F

2

were analyzed, but our approach can be perfectly extended to deal with more wave plates. The result of an optimization process determines the thicknesses and orientations of the wave plates, which results in the closest retarder to the desired one. Numerical results show deviations below 10% between the target and the obtained retardation. These systems are of special interest in those fields and instruments in which polarization control plays a fundamental role.
Spectroscopic study of the 4f76s28S7/2∘−4f7(8S∘)6s6p(1P∘)8P9/2 transition in neutral europium-151 and europium-153: absolute frequency and hyperfine structure
Authors: Herd M. T. , Maruko C. , Herzog M. M. , Brand A. , Cannon G. , Duah B. , Hollin N. , Karani T. , Wallace A. , Whitmore M. , Williams W. D. 
Published: August 2022

We report on spectroscopic measurements on the

4

f
7

6

s
2

8

S

7

/

2

∘

→
4

f
7

(
8

S
∘

)
6
s
6
p

(
1

P
∘

)

8

P

9

/

2

transition in neutral europium-151
and europium-153 at 459.4 nm. The center of gravity frequencies for
the 151 and 153 isotopes, reported for the first time in this paper,
to our knowledge, were found to be 652,389,757.16(34) MHz and
652,386,593.2(5) MHz, respectively. The hyperfine coefficients for the

6
s
6
p

(
1

P
∘

)

8

P

9

/

2

state were found to be

A

(

151

)
=
−

228.84

(

2

)

M
H
z

,

B

(

151

)
=

226.9

(

5

)

M
H
z

and

A

(

153

)
=
−

101.87

(

6

)

M
H
z

,

B

(

153

)
=

575.4

(

1.5

)

M
H
z

, which all agree with previously
published results except for A(153), which shows a small discrepancy.
The isotope shift is found to be 3163.8(6) MHz, which also has a
discrepancy with previously published results.
Molecular epidemiology of Animal African Trypanosomosis in southwest Burkina Faso
Authors: Hounyèmè Robert Eustache , Kaboré Jacques , Gimonneau Geoffrey , Somda Martin Bienvenu , Salou Ernest , Missihoun Antoine Abel , Bengaly Zakaria , Jamonneau Vincent , Boulangé Alain 
Published: August 2022

Background
Animal African Trypanosomosis (AAT) is a parasitic disease of livestock that has a major socio-economic impact in the affected areas. It is caused by several species of uniflagellate extracellular protists of the genus Trypanosoma mainly transmitted by tsetse flies: T. congolense, T. vivax and T. brucei brucei. In Burkina Faso, AAT hampers the proper economic development of the southwestern part of the country, which is yet the best watered area particularly conducive to agriculture and animal production. It was therefore important to investigate the extent of the infection in order to better control the disease. The objective of the present study was to assess the prevalence of trypanosome infections and collect data on the presence of tsetse flies.

Methods
Buffy coat, Trypanosoma species-specific PCR, Indirect ELISA Trypanosoma sp and trypanolysis techniques were used on 1898 samples collected. An entomological survey was also carried out.

Results
The parasitological prevalence of AAT was 1.1%, and all observed parasites were T. vivax. In contrast, the molecular prevalence was 23%, of which T. vivax was predominant (89%) followed by T. congolense (12.3%) and T. brucei s.l. (7.3%) with a sizable proportion as mixed infections (9.1%). T. brucei gambiense, responsible of sleeping sickness in humans, was not detected. The serological prevalence reached 49.7%. Once again T. vivax predominated (77.2%), but followed by T. brucei (14.7%) and T. congolense (8.1%). Seven samples, from six cattle and one pig, were found positive by trypanolysis. The density per trap of Glossina tachinoides and G. palpalis gambiensis was 1.2 flies.

Conclusions/Significance
Overall, our study showed a high prevalence of trypanosome infection in the area, pointing out an ongoing inadequacy of control measures.
The educator as facilitator of trust in the nursing education environment
Authors: van Dyk Ellie Catharina , van Rensburg Gisela Hildegard , Janse van Rensburg Elsie Sophia 
Published: August 2022

Background
Trust and trusting are inclinations to believe in the honesty and sincerity of a person. Trust and trusting relationships in nursing education form the foundation of safety, acknowledging vulnerabilities and allowing reciprocal expectations and beliefs to rely on each other during the teaching and learning process. The purpose of this article is to explore the views of nurse educators in facilitating trust and trusting relationships during teaching and learning.

Methods and findings
This article focuses on the role of educators in facilitating the development of trust. A qualitative approach with a grounded theory design was used. The fourteen nurse educators included to address the first objective of the study, were purposively sampled, and the requisite data was collected by conducting individual in-depth face-to-face interviews. Initial, focus and theoretical coding were used to analyse the data until saturation was evident. The following themes emerged: competencies of the educator; setting of standards and the maintaining of consistency; and professional credibility and the value of trusting relationships. The outcome of the findings indicated that the educator plays a key role in establishing trust in nursing education. The study did not include professional nurses in practice as role-players in the nursing education environment. This could be regarded as a limitation, as the professional nurse in practice also has a teaching role, thus, indirectly, forming part of the nursing education environment. A recommendation was made that further research on trust should include professional nurses.

Conclusions
The study highlights that trust is dependent on, and facilitated by, professional conduct, ethical behaviour, competencies, knowledge and skills of the role-players in the teaching and learning environment. The recommendations made have a bearing on developing trust and trusting relationships in nursing education.
ICMR task force project- survey of the incidence, mortality, morbidity and socio-economic burden of snakebite in India: A study protocol
Authors: Menon Jaideep C. , Bharti Omesh K. , Dhaliwal Rupinder S. , John Denny , Menon Geetha R. , Grover Ashoo , Chakma Joy K. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Snakebite is possibly the most neglected of the NTDs (Neglected Tropical Diseases). Half of the global deaths due to venomous snakebites, estimated at 100,000 per year, occur in India. The only representative data on snakebite available from India is the mortality data from the RGI-MDS study (Registrar General of India- 1 Million Death Study) and another study on mortality from the state of Bihar. Incidence data on snakebite is available for 2 districts of the state of West Bengal only. Hospital-based data on snakebite admissions and use of ASV are gross underestimates as most snakebite victims in rural India depend more on alternate treatment methods which do not get represented in National registries. The proposed study is a multi-centric study to determine the incidence, morbidity, mortality and economic burden of snakebites in India covering all 5 geographical zones of the country.

Protocol
A community level surveillance for snakebite covering 31 districts in 13 states of India in order to obtain annual incidence of snakebites from the community. Frontline health workers will be trained to gather information on new cases of snakebite over the study period of 1-year, from “wards “(smallest administrative subunit of a village or town) that they represent in the study districts. Dedicated field officers would collect data on snakebites, victim characteristics, outcomes, utilization of health facilities on a questionnaire sheet designed for this purpose. The study duration is for 18 months from April 2022 to October 2023.

Discussion
The study would be the first of its kind in India looking prospectively at the incidence of snakebite covering 13 states in 5 zones of India and a population of 84 million. Our study covers 6.12% of the total population of the country as compared to the incidence study conducted in Sri Lanka which covered 1% of the total population.
Prevalence and risk factors of untreated thyroid dysfunctions in the older Caucasian adults: Results of PolSenior 2 survey
Authors: Kocełak Piotr , Mossakowska Małgorzata , Puzianowska-Kuźnicka Monika , Sworczak Krzysztof , Wyszomirski Adam , Handzlik Gabriela , Stefański Adrian , Zdrojewski Tomasz , Chudek Jerzy 
Published: August 2022

Introduction
To determine the prevalence of treated and untreated thyroid dysfunction and to identify factors associated with increased risk of undiagnosed thyroid dysfunction in older adults.

Methods
The population of 5987 community-dwelling Polish Caucasian seniors aged 60 years and above who participated in the PolSenior 2 study (2018–2019). Population-based cross-sectional multidisciplinary study in design. Data from structured questionnaires, geriatric tests, and scales were obtained from all study participants who underwent anthropometric and blood pressure measurements during three home visits. Assessment of thyroid function was based on TSH serum measurements.

Results
The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in the Polish population aged 60 years or above was estimated at 15.5% (21.5% in women and 7.2% in men), with 3.2% of undiagnosed individuals among them. The prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in the studied group was 13.9% (19.4% in women and 6.3% in men) and 1.6% (2.1% in women and 0.9% in men) respectively, untreated hypothyroidism was revealed in 21.9% (in 160 out of 732 subjects) and untreated hyperthyroidism in 34.2% of subjects (in 41 out of 120 participants). In multiple regression analysis independent risk factors for thyroid disorders being untreated were older age (> 75 years), male sex, a low education level (primary or lower), and low utilization of medical services.

Conclusions
One-fifth of Polish Caucasian seniors with hypothyroidism and one-third with hyperthyroidism are untreated. Older, poorly educated and rarely utilizing medical services seniors, especially men, are more frequently untreated for thyroid dysfunction and some of them do not benefit from contemporary achievements in medicine.
Differential progression of unhealthy diet-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in obese and non-obese mice
Authors: Hymel Emma , Vlock Elizabeth , Fisher Kurt W. , Farazi Paraskevi A. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ranks first among liver diseases in Western countries. NAFLD is typically associated with obesity and diabetes, however it also develops in lean individuals without metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of lean NAFLD is 7 percent in the U.S. and 25–30 percent in some Asian countries. NAFLD starts with excess liver fat accumulation (NAFL), progresses to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pathogenesis of lean NASH-HCC and how it differs from obese NASH-HCC is not well understood.

Methods
In this work, we generated a mouse model of lean and obese NASH-HCC using a choline deficient/high trans-fat/fructose/cholesterol diet and a choline supplemented/high trans-fat/fructose/cholesterol diet, respectively, to compare progression to NASH-HCC in lean versus obese mice. Comparisons were made at the organismal, histological, and molecular level by investigating fatty acid metabolism in the plasma of these mice.

Results
Obese mice showed more pronounced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, higher levels of plasma cholesterol and triglycerides, and higher penetrance of NASH compared to lean mice. Despite the abnormal metabolic profile of obese mice, male obese and lean mice developed HCC with similar penetrance (53.3% and 53.8%, respectively), albeit lean mice showed faster tumor progression as evidenced by the larger tumor size and lower HCC-free survival. None of the female lean mice developed HCC, while 50% of female obese mice developed HCC. Both groups of mice showed a reduction in plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), however, the levels were higher towards the endpoint in obese mice compared to lean mice.

Conclusions
Unhealthy diet composition appears to drive progression to NASH-HCC rather than the organismal effects of obesity. PUFA levels may increase due to systemic inflammation in obese mice and act as suppressors of tumor progression, thus delaying HCC progression in obese mice compared to lean mice. These models could be used to further dissect the molecular pathogenesis of lean and obese NASH-HCC and address the mechanisms whereby PUFAs may be implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis.
Identifying genetic variants associated with the ICD10 (International Classification of Diseases10)-based diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease using a large-scale biomedical database
Authors: Alkhalfan Fahad , Gyftopoulos Alex , Chen Yi-Ju , Williams Charles H. , Perry James A. , Hong Charles C. 
Published: August 2022

Objectives
To utilize the UK Biobank to identify genetic variants associated with the ICD10 (International Classification of Diseases10)-based diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease (CeVD).

Background
Cerebrovascular disease occurs because of a complex interplay between vascular, environmental, and genetic factors. It is the second leading cause of disability worldwide. Understanding who may be genetically predisposed to cerebrovascular disease can help guide preventative efforts. Moreover, there is considerable interest in the use of real-world data, such as EHR (electronic health records) to better understand disease mechanisms and to discover new treatment strategies, but whether ICD10-based diagnosis can be used to study CeVD genetics is unknown.

Methods
Using the UK Biobank, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) where we analyzed the genomes of 11,155 cases and 122,705 controls who were sex, age and ancestry-matched in a 1:11 case: control design. Genetic variants were identified by Plink’s firth logistic regression and assessed for association with the ICD10 codes corresponding to CeVD.

Results
We identified two groups of SNPs closely linked to PITX2 and LRRTM4 that were significantly associated with CeVD in this study (p < 5 x 10−8) and had a minor allele frequency of > 0.5%.

Discussion
Disease assignment based on ICD10 codes may underestimate prevalence; however, for CeVD, this does not appear to be the case. Compared to the age- and sex-matched control population, individuals with CeVD were more frequently diagnosed with comorbid conditions, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia & atrial fibrillation or flutter, confirming their contribution to CeVD. The UK Biobank based ICD10 study identified 2 groups of variants that were associated with CeVD. The association between PITX2 and CeVD is likely explained by the increased rates of atrial fibrillation and flutter. While the mechanism explaining the relationship between LRRTM4 and CeVD is unclear, this has been documented in previous studies.
Association of TGFB1 rs1800469 and BCMO1 rs6564851 with coronary heart disease and IL1B rs16944 with all-cause mortality in men from the Northern Ireland PRIME study
Authors: Mooney Rachel E. , Linden Gerry J. , Winning Lewis , Linden Katie , Kee Frank , McKeown Pascal P. , Woodside Jayne V. , Patterson Christopher C. , McKay Gareth J. 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundHistorically, high levels of morbidity and mortality have been associated with cardiovascular disease in the Northern Ireland population. Previously reported associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and cardiovascular disease within other populations have not always been consistent.ObjectiveTo investigate associations between 33 SNPs with fatal or non-fatal incident coronary heart disease (CHD) events and all-cause mortality in the Northern Irish participants of the Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction (PRIME).MethodPhase 2 of the PRIME study prospectively evaluated 2,010 men aged 58–74 years in Northern Ireland for more than 10 years for incident CHD events (myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass, and cardiac death) and more than 15 years for all-cause mortality. SNPs previously reported in association with cardiovascular outcomes were evaluated against incident CHD events and all-cause mortality using Cox’s proportional hazards models adjusted for established cardiovascular disease risk factors.ResultsDuring the follow-up period, 177 incident CHD events were recorded, and 821 men died. BothBCMO1rs6564851 (Hazard ratio [HR] = 0.76; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.60–0.96; P = 0.02) andTGFB1rs1800469 (HR = 1.30; CI: 1.02–1.65; P = 0.04) were significantly associated with incident CHD events in adjusted models. OnlyIL1Brs16944 was significantly associated with all-cause mortality (HR = 1.18; CI: 1.05–1.33; P = 0.005). No associations remained significant following Bonferonni correction for multiple testing.ConclusionWe report a novel association betweenBCMO1rs6564851 and risk of incident CHD events. In addition,TGFB1rs1800469 andIL1Brs16944 were associated with the risk of incident CHD events and all-cause mortality outcomes respectively, supporting previously reported associations.
The evolution of immersed locally convex plane curves driven by anisotropic curvature flow
Authors: Wang Yaping , Wang Xiaoliu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this article, we study the evolution of immersed locally convex plane curves driven by anisotropic flow with inner normal velocityV=1αψ(x)καV=\frac{1}{\alpha }\psi \left(x){\kappa }^{\alpha }forα<0\alpha \lt 0orα>1\alpha \gt 1, wherex∈[0,2mπ]x\in \left[0,2m\pi ]is the tangential angle at the point on evolving curves. For−1≤α<0-1\le \alpha \lt 0, we show the flow exists globally and the rescaled flow has a full-time convergence. Forα<−1\alpha \lt -1orα>1\alpha \gt 1, we show only type I singularity arises in the flow, and the rescaled flow has subsequential convergence, i.e. for any time sequence, there is a time subsequence along which the rescaled curvature of evolving curves converges to a limit function; furthermore, if the anisotropic functionψ\psiand the initial curve both have some symmetric structure, the subsequential convergence could be refined to be full-time convergence.