bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and development of methodology for construction of thin white topping for rural roads in India
Authors: Patil R. Y. , Ranadive M. S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA large proportion of villages in India have been connected with water bound macadam (WBM) or bituminous roads. Rural roads usually have a low volume of traffic, consisting mostly of light transport vehicles with less frequency of heavy traffic. Maintenance of these roads is neglected because of the paucity of funds and the created road asset is in deteriorated condition. The non-availability of suitable soil and aggregates has made projects unviable and cost prohibitive. This aggregate scarcity will increase further as a result of environmental conservation and restriction on mining. There is a need to develop alternative pavement designs to construct sustainable and durable rural roads. The stabilization of soil/aggregate is being used worldwide towards optimal usage of scarce resources. The concepts of soil/aggregate stabilization and Cold In Place Recycling technique provide a comprehensive solution for rehabilitation of existing road and greenfield road construction. Cold In Place Recycling process allows usage of locally available marginal materials. The stabilization process can use a wide range of stabilization agents such as soil-aggregate mix, lime, cement, fly ash, foamed bitumen, emulsion, polymers, and other proprietary chemical stabilizers. Two rural roads are identified under Mukhya Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana Research and Development Scheme. Pavements are designed considering cement treated base. These roads are constructed using the Cold In Place Recycling technique. The existing water bound macadam (WBM)/deteriorated bituminous surface is stabilized with cement. Bituminous concrete and Thin White Topping are provided as wearing course. The performance of pavement is evaluated after 2 years of construction. Also, the balance life of the pavement is checked and the results are satisfactory. The stabilized pavements offer superior strength and longevity, even in extreme climatic conditions, and provide better performance. The design charts for Thin White Topping for rural roads are not available, hence the design charts for Thin White Topping of M30/M35/M40 grade concrete on Cement Treated Base of varying thickness and different subgrade CBR are prepared based on IRC 62-2014 for traffic less than 50 CVPD, 51 to 150 CVPD, and less than 450 CVPD. These charts are ready to use and act as a guide to the Field Engineers. The optimum thickness of Thin White Topping can be selected from the chart for known subgrade CBR and Traffic. The effect of variation of CTB thickness on Thin White Topping thickness can be determined from the chart.
Image-guided color mapping for categorical data visualization
Authors: Zheng Qian , Lu Min , Wu Sicong , Hu Ruizhen , Lanir Joel , Huang Hui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAppropriate color mapping for categorical data visualization can significantly facilitate the discovery of underlying data patterns and effectively bring out visual aesthetics. Some systems suggest predefined palettes for this task. However, a predefined color mapping is not always optimal, failing to consider users’ needs for customization. Given an input categorical data visualization and a reference image, we present an effective method to automatically generate a coloring that resembles the reference while allowing classes to be easily distinguished. We extract a color palette with high perceptual distance between the colors by sampling dominant and discriminable colors from the image’s color space. These colors are assigned to given classes by solving an integer quadratic program to optimize point distinctness of the given chart while preserving the color spatial relations in the source image. We show results on various coloring tasks, with a diverse set of new coloring appearances for the input data. We also compare our approach to state-of-the-art palettes in a controlled user study, which shows that our method achieves comparable performance in class discrimination, while being more similar to the source image. User feedback after using our system verifies its efficiency in automatically generating desirable colorings that meet the user’s expectations when choosing a reference.
The Complete Set of Thermo-mechanical-Radiation Methods, Simulations and Results for a Swarm of Nanorovers Deployed on the Moon’s Surface (Lunar Zebro Mission)
Authors: Tejeda J. M. , Fajardo P. , Verma M. K. , Verhoeven C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLunar Zebro’s mission is heading the race for deploying the world’s smallest and lightest swarm of nanorovers on the surface of Moon. The concept validation of a single nanorover is of crucial importance, as it will be the launching pad for deploying a swarm of those nanorovers thereafter. Then, they will get connected in a network, acting as a single device and performing scientific missions analyzing data from remote points on the Moon’s surface. In the current study, the complete set of thermo-mechanical-radiation analyses for Lunar Zebro nanorovers are carried out. These range from the Ground Segment to the Moon environment, taking also into account the extreme mechanical and thermal environment at launch-transit conditions when the nanorover is attached to the lander. An innovative ray tracing method to evaluate the effect of the thermal environment on the Lunar Zebro nanorovers is explained in this paper. Material choices, structural design, and mechanical/thermal strategies for the nanorover to overcome the launch, space and Moon’s conditions are shown. The different analyses methods used, expected loads and results obtained should serve as a baseline for evaluating the behaviour of other small devices attached to a lander when aiming for any space mission. More specifically, for those aiming to go to the Moon, the environmental and mechanical expectations here can also be implemented. The ultimate outcome of the paper is the environmental survivability assurance from an analytical perspective of these nanorovers when being sent to the Moon. The validation of the survivability of a single nanorover will be a breakthrough in the space swarm robotics’ field, resulting in the successful performance of the lightest swarm of nanorovers ever deployed on the Moon’s surface.
Determinants of under-five malnutrition, significant changes, and policy implications in the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey, 2019
Authors: Wondimu Habtamu , Dejene Kassahun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study, which used data from the 2019 mini DHS, was to look at the determinants of under-five malnutrition, policy implications, and significant changes in the Ethiopian demographic survey between 2016 and 2019 concerning its determinant factors. This data is the fifth and latest demographic and health survey in Ethiopia, conducted from March 21, 2019, to June 28, 2019. The EDHS 2019 interviewed 9012 women, but only 8885 completed the questionnaire. This EDHS provides a detailed examination of Ethiopia’s overall population, child health, and maternal issues using a cross-sectional study design. The results showed that 24–35 (AOR = 4.11, 95% CI [2.13, 7.94]) and 12–17-month-old children faced severe stunting more than three times as often compared to children who were less than eleven months old (AOR = 3.11, 95% CI [1.13, 7.94]). The problem of child wasting was also highly severe in Ethiopian-Somalia and Gambela, with 32% in both. Children in these regions were two or three times more vulnerable to wasting compared to the other areas (AOR = 3.42, 95% CI [0.42–0.55]) and (AOR = 2.99, 95% CI [0.75–1.57]). This study found that stunting prevalence increased by 22% among children aged 6–8 months and by 44% among children aged 48–59 months. Nonetheless, the highest rate (45%) of stunting, wasting, and underweight was observed in children aged 24–35 months, and it was significantly higher in males (40%) than in females (33%). Comparatively, the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey of 2019 showed a slight reduction in the problems of stunting, wasting, and underweight issues among children under five, at 37%. Still, based on the findings, the authors recommend that multi-factor treatments be used to address the nutritional condition of children. By providing essential services, policy measures that reduce the impact of undernutrition may be implemented to increase access to health care. Moreover, this study recommends the federal government pay attention to children’s well-being above 24 months, and it might be resolved through the Agricultural Development Led Industrialization (ADLI) strategy and related food security initiatives.
Completely Solving the Quintic by Iteration
Authors: Crass Scott 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the late nineteenth century, Felix Klein revived the problem of solving the quintic equation from the moribund state into which Galois had placed it. Klein’s approach was a mix of algebra and geometry built on the structure of the regular icosahedron. His method’s key feature is the connection between the quintic’s Galois group and the rotational symmetries of the icosahedron. Roughly a century after Klein’s work, Doyle and McMullen developed an algorithm for solving the quintic that also exploited icosahedral symmetry. Their innovation was to employ a symmetrical dynamical system in one complex variable. In effect, the dynamical behavior provides for a partial breaking of the polynomial’s symmetry and the extraction of two roots following one iterative run of the map. The recent discovery of a map whose dynamics breaks all of the quintic’s symmetry allows for five roots to emerge from a single pass. After sketching some algebraic and geometric background, the discussion works out an explicit procedure that deploys the special map in order to solve the quintic in a complete sense.
Epistemic demarcations as social erasures: taste and the politics of distinction from the ‘revolutions of wisdom’ to the ‘Green Revolution’
Authors: Hamati-Ataya Inanna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe epistemic and aesthetic dimensions of taste are always inscribed in conceptions of the social order that the discourse on taste simultaneously enacts and rationalizes, while veiling the logics of difference and power it thereby affirms and reproduces. This article illustrates the entanglement of social and intellectual hierarchies that anchors the resolution of the problem of taste in the mechanisms of social distinction and erasure. It does so by examining four socio-epistemic configurations in the history of Western knowledge. The first vignette contextualizes the original devaluation of taste in the competition between the Socratic philosophers and epistemic labourers whose elevation of taste disrupted the Athenian aristocratic order. The second vignette explores the entanglement of humoural theory with the racial and religious orders of the premodern age, as imperial encounters threatened European identity brought into contact with the tastes of others. The third vignette examines how the epistemic status of gustatory taste became anchored in the hierarchy of cultural taste within British empirical philosophy. Finally, the paper tracks new forms of social distinction in the resistance to the globalization of food systems and to the democratization of culinary tastes, as manifested in the constitution of an exclusivist ‘standard of taste’ for wine appreciation.
Identification and physical disconnect in Russian foreign policy: Georgia as a Western proxy once again?
Authors: Wilhelmsen Julie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEvolving official Russian identifications of Georgia amount to a dangerous securitisation of this small neighbour – achieved through a focus not on Georgia itself but on Western engagement in the region. With the long absence of face-to-face diplomatic encounters and contact, the Russian idea of Georgia as a ‘Western proxy’ has become entrenched. This article advances a social explanation of Russian foreign policy that speaks to geopolitical explanations in foregrounding great power interaction and security by drawing on insights from a discourse-theoretical reading of securitisation theory. It adds value to social explanations by showing how the identification of another political entity can be changed into that of a ‘proxy’ through its integration into a larger ‘radically different other’, and how this expansion occurs in interplay with interpretations of physical manifestations of the larger ‘radically different other’ in the ‘proxy’. Finally, it draws attention to the impact of physical encounters on foreign policy in these times of COVID-19, war, and growing isolationism in world affairs.
Chow rings of stacks of prestable curves I
Authors: Bae Younghan , Schmitt Johannes , Skowera Jonathan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We study the Chow ring of the moduli stack

$\mathfrak {M}_{g,n}$

of prestable curves and define the notion of tautological classes on this stack. We extend formulas for intersection products and functoriality of tautological classes under natural morphisms from the case of the tautological ring of the moduli space

$\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{g,n}$

of stable curves. This paper provides foundations for the paper [BS21].
In the appendix (jointly with J. Skowera), we develop the theory of a proper, but not necessary projective, pushforward of algebraic cycles. The proper pushforward is necessary for the construction of the tautological rings of

$\mathfrak {M}_{g,n}$

and is important in its own right. We also develop operational Chow groups for algebraic stacks.
Point Degree Spectra of Represented Spaces
Authors: Kihara Takayuki , Pauly Arno 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We introduce the point degree spectrum of a represented space as a substructure of the Medvedev degrees, which integrates the notion of Turing degrees, enumeration degrees, continuous degrees and so on. The notion of point degree spectrum creates a connection among various areas of mathematics, including computability theory, descriptive set theory, infinite-dimensional topology and Banach space theory. Through this new connection, for instance, we construct a family of continuum many infinite-dimensional Cantor manifolds with property C whose Borel structures at an arbitrary finite rank are mutually nonisomorphic. This resolves a long-standing question by Jayne and strengthens various theorems in infinite-dimensional topology such as Pol’s solution to Alexandrov’s old problem.
Russkiias the NewRossiiskii? Nation-Building in Russia After 1991
Authors: Blakkisrud Helge 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRussia’s post-1991 nation-building project has been torn between competing interpretations of national identity. Whereas the other former Soviet republics opted for nation-building centered on the titular nation, Russia’s approach to national identity was framed by the fact that the RSFSR had been definednotas a designated national homeland but as a multi-ethnic federation. This, coupled with Russia’s definition as the legal successor of the Soviet Union, suggesting continuity and a history of uninterrupted statehood, has enabled a range of rivaling understandings of how to define the “nation.” Focusing on top-down official nation-building, this article examines how, against a backdrop of shifting political contexts, structural constraints, and popular attitudes, the Kremlin has gradually revised its understanding of what constitutes the “Russian nation.” Four models for post-Soviet Russian nation-building are identified – the ethnic, the multi-national, the civic, and the imperial. Over time, the correlation of forces among these has shifted. The article concludes that, despite some claims of an ethno-nationalist turn after 2014, the Kremlin still employs nationalism instrumentally: National identity has undoubtedly become morerusskii-centered, but, at the same time, the Kremlin keeps the definition of “Russianness” intentionally vague, blurring the boundaries between “nation” and “civilization.”
Morphological and molecular study of Didymodiclinus marginati n. sp. (Trematoda: Didymozoidae) gill parasite of Epinephelus marginatus from the central and western Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Mele Salvatore , De Benedetto Giovanni , Giannetto Alessia , Riolo Kristian , Oliva Sabrina , Reñones Olga , Garippa Giovanni , Merella Paolo , Gaglio Gabriella 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe current study provides a morphological and molecular characterization of a new species of Didymodiclinus (Trematoda: Didymozoidae) infecting the dusky grouper, Epinephelus marginatus (Teleostei: Serranidae) from the Mediterranean Sea. A total of 279 dusky grouper specimens were examined for didymozoid gill parasites from the Mediterranean Sea between 1998 and 2020. New species differs from the most similar congeneric species by the rudiments of female reproductive organs in functional male specimens, and the seminal receptacle, Mehlis gland and accessory gland cells in functional female specimens, not observed in Didymodiclinus branchialis (Yamaguti, 1970), Didymodiclinus epinepheli (Abdul-Salam, Sreelatha and Farah, 1990) and Didymodiclinus pacificus (Yamaguti, 1938), respectively. These species are also characterized by their different hosts and location within the host tissues, being from other geographical localities. Moreover, this is the first species reported in E. marginatus from the central and western Mediterranean Sea. Genetic analyses were performed on partial 28S and partial internal transcribed spacer-2 ribosomal RNA regions and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (cox1) gene by polymerase chain reaction. Comparison of genetic sequences of Didymodiclinus marginati n. sp. with the available deposited sequences of 28S revealed that the new isolates cluster with several unidentified didymozoids and groups as a sister clade of the Nematobothrinae subfamily. Moreover, 28S and cox1 phylogenetic trees evidenced that Didymodiclinae is well separated from Didymozoinae and other gonochoric didymozoids. Following both morphological and genetic results, a key of identification for the genus Didymodiclinus is proposed.
Associations of vulnerability to stressful life events with suicide attempts after active duty among high-risk soldiers: results from the Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers-longitudinal study (STARRS-LS)
Authors: Chu Carol , Stanley Ian H. , Marx Brian P. , King Andrew J. , Vogt Dawne , Gildea Sarah M. , Hwang Irving H. , Sampson Nancy A. , O'Brien Robert , Stein Murray B. , Ursano Robert J. , Kessler Ronald C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe transition from military service to civilian life is a high-risk period for suicide attempts (SAs). Although stressful life events (SLEs) faced by transitioning soldiers are thought to be implicated, systematic prospective evidence is lacking.MethodsParticipants in the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (STARRS) completed baseline self-report surveys while on active duty in 2011–2014. Two self-report follow-up Longitudinal Surveys (LS1: 2016–2018; LS2: 2018–2019) were subsequently administered to probability subsamples of these baseline respondents. As detailed in a previous report, a SA risk index based on survey, administrative, and geospatial data collected before separation/deactivation identified 15% of the LS respondents who had separated/deactivated as being high-risk for self-reported post-separation/deactivation SAs. The current report presents an investigation of the extent to which self-reported SLEs occurring in the 12 months before each LS survey might have mediated/modified the association between this SA risk index and post-separation/deactivation SAs.ResultsThe 15% of respondents identified as high-risk had a significantly elevated prevalence of some post-separation/deactivation SLEs. In addition, the associations of some SLEs with SAs were significantly stronger among predicted high-risk than lower-risk respondents. Demographic rate decomposition showed that 59.5% (s.e. = 10.2) of the overall association between the predicted high-risk index and subsequent SAs was linked to these SLEs.ConclusionsIt might be possible to prevent a substantial proportion of post-separation/deactivation SAs by providing high-risk soldiers with targeted preventive interventions for exposure/vulnerability to commonly occurring SLEs.
Precaution and proportionality in pandemic politics: democracy, state capacity, and COVID-19-related school closures around the world
Authors: Cronert Axel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic triggered a globally spread—but differently timed—implementation of school closures and other disruptive containment measures as governments worldwide intervened to curb transmission of disease. This study argues that the timing of such disruptive interventions reflects how governments balance the principles of precaution and proportionality in their pandemic decision-making. A theory is proposed of how their trade-off is impacted by two interacting institutional factors: electoral democratic institutions, which incentivise political leaders to increasingly favour precaution, and high state administrative capacity, which instead makes a proportional strategy involving later containment measures more administratively and politically feasible. Global patterns consistent with this theory are documented among 170 countries in early 2020, using Cox models of school closures and other non-pharmaceutical interventions. Corroborating the theorised mechanisms, additional results indicate that electoral competition prompts democratic leaders’ faster response, and that this mechanism is weaker where professional state agencies have more influence over policymaking.
DEFINING RURALITY AT LA JOYANCA (PETEN, GUATEMALA): ARCHITECTURE, LAND USE, AND SOCIAL DYNAMICS
Authors: Lemonnier Eva , Arnauld M. Charlotte 
Published: May 2022

AbstractConsidering the Classic Maya lowlands as an intricate landscape of nested settlements with cities, villages, and farmsteads in the middle of agricultural land, the rural/urban conceptual contrast would apparently apply, yet, is still debated. By combining detailed studies of the relationships between populations of both categories, one can better understand what rurality and urbanity meant in ancient Maya societies, and evaluate the dichotomy. Judging by the spatial distribution of architecture and the social dynamics, rural/urban relationships would have reached beyond the scope of agro-economies. Based on the study of La Joyanca (Peten, Guatemala), a medium-sized settlement surrounded by villages and hamlets, this article explores the topic of rurality as contrasted with urbanity through the parameters of potential land use, visible architectural variation, and plausible population mobility. We aim at assessing the relationships between the center and its hinterland as an attempt at furthering the implied concepts.