bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choice of PD-L1 immunohistochemistry assay influences clinical eligibility for gastric cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Yeong Joe , Lum Huey Yew Jeffrey , Teo Chong Boon , Tan Benjamin Kye Jyn , Chan Yiong Huak , Tay Ryan Yong Kiat , Choo Joan Rou-En , Jeyasekharan Anand D. , Miow Qing Hao , Loo Lit-Hsin , Yong Wei Peng , Sundar Raghav 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are now standard-of-care treatment for patients with metastatic gastric cancer (GC). To guide patient selection for ICI therapy, programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) biomarker expression is routinely assessed via immunohistochemistry (IHC). However, with an increasing number of approved ICIs, each paired with a different PD-L1 antibody IHC assay used in their respective landmark trials, there is an unmet clinical and logistical need for harmonization. We investigated the interchangeability between the Dako 22C3, Dako 28–8 and Ventana SP-142 assays in GC PD-L1 IHC.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we scored 362 GC samples for PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS), tumor proportion score (TPS) and immune cells (IC) using a multiplex immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence technique. Samples were obtained via biopsy or resection of gastric cancer.

Results
The percentage of PD-L1-positive samples at clinically relevant CPS ≥ 1, ≥ 5 and ≥ 10 cut-offs for the 28–8 assay were approximately two-fold higher than that of the 22C3 (CPS ≥ 1: 70.3 vs 49.4%, p < 0.001; CPS ≥ 5: 29.1 vs 13.4%, p < 0.001; CPS ≥ 10: 13.7 vs 7.0%, p = 0.004). The mean CPS score on 28–8 assay was nearly double that of the 22C3 (6.39 ± 14.5 vs 3.46 ± 8.98, p < 0.001). At the clinically important CPS ≥ 5 cut-off, there was only moderate concordance between the 22C3 and 28–8 assays.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that scoring PD-L1 CPS with the 28–8 assay may result in higher PD-L1 scores and higher proportion of PD-L1 positivity compared to 22C3 and other assays. Until stronger evidence of inter-assay concordance is found, we urge caution in treating the assays as equivalent.
The cost of living in larger primate groups includes higher fly densities
Authors: Gogarten Jan F. , Jahan Mueena , Calvignac-Spencer Sébastien , Chapman Colin A. , Goldberg Tony L. , Leendertz Fabian H. , Rothman Jessica M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFlies are implicated in carrying and mechanically transmitting many primate pathogens. We investigated how fly associations vary across six monkey species (Cercopithecus ascanius, Cercopithecus mitis, Colobus guereza, Lophocebus albigena, Papio anubis, and Piliocolobus tephrosceles) and whether monkey group size impacts fly densities. Fly densities were generally higher inside groups than outside them, and considering data from these primate species together revealed that larger groups harbored more flies. Within species, this pattern was strongest for colobine monkeys, and we speculate this might be due to their smaller home ranges, suggesting that movement patterns may influence fly–primate associations. Fly associations increase with group sizes and may thus represent a cost to sociality.
Applying GMRES to the Helmholtz equation with strong trapping: how does the number of iterations depend on the frequency?
Authors: Marchand P. , Galkowski J. , Spence E. A. , Spence A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe consider GMRES applied to discretisations of the high-frequency Helmholtz equation with strong trapping; recall that in this situation the problem is exponentially ill-conditioned through an increasing sequence of frequencies. Our main focus is on boundary-integral-equation formulations of the exterior Dirichlet and Neumann obstacle problems in 2- and 3-d. Under certain assumptions about the distribution of the eigenvalues of the integral operators, we prove upper bounds on how the number of GMRES iterations grows with the frequency; we then investigate numerically the sharpness (in terms of dependence on frequency) ofbothour boundsandvarious quantities entering our bounds. This paper is therefore the first comprehensive study of the frequency-dependence of the number of GMRES iterations for Helmholtz boundary-integral equations under trapping.
Characterisation of recombinant GH 3 β-glucosidase from β-glucan producing Levilactobacillus brevis TMW 1.2112
Authors: Bockwoldt Julia A. , Ehrmann Matthias A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLevilactobacillus (L.) brevis TMW 1.2112 is an isolate from wheat beer that produces O2-substituted (1,3)-β-D-glucan, a capsular exopolysaccharide (EPS) from activated sugar nucleotide precursors by use of a glycosyltransferase. Within the genome sequence of L. brevis TMW 1.2112 enzymes of the glycoside hydrolases families were identified. Glycoside hydrolases (GH) are carbohydrate-active enzymes, able to hydrolyse glycosidic bonds. The enzyme β-glucosidase BglB (AZI09_02170) was heterologous expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. BglB has a monomeric structure of 83.5 kDa and is a member of the glycoside hydrolase family 3 (GH 3) which strongly favoured substrates with β-glycosidic bonds. Km was 0.22 mM for pNP β-D-glucopyranoside demonstrating a high affinity of the recombinant enzyme for the substrate. Enzymes able to degrade the (1,3)-β-D-glucan of L. brevis TMW 1.2112 have not yet been described. However, BglB showed only a low hydrolytic activity towards the EPS, which was measured by means of the D-glucose releases. Besides, characterised GH 3 β-glucosidases from various lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were phylogenetically analysed to identify connections in terms of enzymatic activity and β-glucan formation. This revealed that the family of GH 3 β-glucosidases of LABs comprises most likely exo-active enzymes which are not directly associated with the ability of these LAB to produce EPS.
A Priori Analysis on Deep Learning of Filtered Reaction Rate
Authors: Shin Junsu , Hansinger Maximilian , Pfitzner Michael , Klein Markus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA filtered reaction rate model driven by deep learning is proposed and analyzed a priori in the context of large eddy simulation (LES). A deep artificial neural network (ANN) is trained on the explicitly filtered reaction rate source term extracted from a database comprised of turbulent premixed planar flame direct numerical simulations (DNSes) employing single-step chemistry. The filtered DNS database to be used for the training of the ANN covers a wide range of turbulence intensities and LES filter widths. An interpretation technique of deep learning is employed to search the principal input parameters in the high dimensional database to alleviate the model complexity. The deep learning filtered reaction rate model is then tested on the unseen filtered planar flames featuring untrained turbulence intensities and LES filter widths, in conjunction with another canonical type of flame configuration that it has not been trained on. The deep learning filtered reaction rate model achieves good agreement with the filtered DNS results and also provides a quantitatively accurate surrogate model when compared to existing algebraic models and other combustion models from the literature.
Monitoring and modeling non-native invasive green iguana population response to harvesting on Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands
Authors: Rivera-Milán Frank F. , Haakonsson Jane , Bodden Vaughn , Oyog TayVanis , O’Hehir Sophie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRegistered hunters harvested over 1.3 million non-native invasive green iguanas (Iguana iguana) on Grand Cayman between October 2018 and August 2021. We used islandwide post-reproduction survey-based abundance estimates in August 2014–2021 and model-based abundance predictions for August 2022–2030 to assist natural resource managers with reassessment and modification of the harvest strategy due to diminishing returns to hunters paid per green iguana harvested. We need harvest rates > 0.600 for desired abundance ≤ 50,000 and > 0.700 for desired abundance ≤ 10,000 green iguanas. With harvest rates < 0.600, the population would likely remain above desired abundance. Without harvesting, the green iguana population would likely reach carrying capacity by August 2026.
An accelerated minimax algorithm for convex-concave saddle point problems with nonsmooth coupling function
Authors: Boţ Radu Ioan , Csetnek Ernö Robert , Sedlmayer Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this work we aim to solve a convex-concave saddle point problem, where the convex-concave coupling function is smooth in one variable and nonsmooth in the other and not assumed to be linear in either. The problem is augmented by a nonsmooth regulariser in the smooth component. We propose and investigate a novel algorithm under the name of OGAProx, consisting of an optimistic gradient ascent step in the smooth variable coupled with a proximal step of the regulariser, and which is alternated with a proximal step in the nonsmooth component of the coupling function. We consider the situations convex-concave, convex-strongly concave and strongly convex-strongly concave related to the saddle point problem under investigation. Regarding iterates we obtain (weak) convergence, a convergence rate of order $$\mathcal {O}(\frac{1}{K})$$

O
(

1
K

)

and linear convergence like $$\mathcal {O}(\theta ^{K})$$

O
(

θ
K

)

with $$\theta < 1$$

θ
<
1

, respectively. In terms of function values we obtain ergodic convergence rates of order $$\mathcal {O}(\frac{1}{K})$$

O
(

1
K

)

, $$\mathcal {O}(\frac{1}{K^{2}})$$

O
(

1

K
2

)

and $$\mathcal {O}(\theta ^{K})$$

O
(

θ
K

)

with $$\theta < 1$$

θ
<
1

, respectively. We validate our theoretical considerations on a nonsmooth-linear saddle point problem, the training of multi kernel support vector machines and a classification problem incorporating minimax group fairness.
A framework for a green accounting system-exploratory study in a developing country context, Colombia
Authors: Gonzalez Candy Chamorro , Peña-Vinces Jesús 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCurrent accounting systems assume a purely financial approach, without including environmental information, such as environmental costs and companies’ expenses. On the one hand, this study proposes a framework that considers the environmental impact of firms within their accounting system, the Green Accounting System (GAS). On the other hand, and in the context of developing countries, Colombia carried out an exploratory study. With a sample of 150 Colombian industrial and commercial companies, this research revealed that 100% of them had not yet implemented environmental practices within the accounting system. Therefore, this research would be useful not only for academia, but also for practitioners and governments. As GAS would contribute to traceability in the quantification of environmental accounting, it would simultaneously generate a movement toward cleaner production that would increase environmental quality.
BRCA1/2 pathogenetic variant carriers and reproductive decisions: Gender differences and factors associated with the choice of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and prenatal diagnosis (PND)
Authors: Lombardi Lucia , Trumello Carmen , Stuppia Liborio , Antonucci Ivana , Brandão Tânia , Babore Alessandra 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the way carriers of a BRCA1/2 pathogenetic variant make their reproductive decisions and to examine the factors associated with the choice of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and prenatal diagnosis (PND).

Methods
We conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method.

Results
A total of 16 articles published from 2000 to 2021 were included in this review. Data were overall collected from 3564 participants (86% females). Three important themes were identified across studies: changes in family planning, factors associated with family plans, and with acceptance or regret of PGD and PND.

Conclusion
This review may contribute to the knowledge of the experience of those who have a BRCA1/2 mutation and want a child. These results may help genetic counselors and healthcare professionals that support people with a BRCA pathogenetic variant with reproductive issues.
Carbodiimide Bridged Network Structure of [RE6O(NCN)6] Clusters in the Structure of RE8O(CN2)10Br2, RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd
Authors: Siai Amira , Brand Catharina-Darine , Ströbele Markus , Enseling David , Jüstel Thomas , Meyer H.-Jürgen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNew rare earth (RE) carbodiimides having the formula RE8O(CN2)10Br2 were synthesized by solid-state metathesis reactions. Structure determinations and refinements, based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, are performed with the space group P͞3c1. Homologous compounds with RE = La, Ce, Pr, and Nd are assigned isotypically. The refined crystal structure appears most unusual for rare earth carbodiimide compounds. The structure is characterized by the formally neutral [RE6O(NCN)8] fragment that is tightly interconnected by carbodiimide ions into a network structure, and contains additional RE3+ ions in the structure. Crystals of the compounds show characteristic colors of their corresponding RE3+ ions and behave stable in air. The presence of (CN2)2− ions was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Ce8O(CN2)10Br2 is a photoluminescent material that is showing a broad and efficient emission band in the yellow region of the visible spectrum.
Synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles coated with polyvinyl alcohol for hyperthermia application
Authors: Darwish Mohamed S. A. , Al-Harbi L. M. , Bakry Ahmed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOne of the main challenges in hyperthermia treatment is how to improve the heating performance of nanoparticles with high specific loss power (SLP). To tackle this challenge, magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) and coated magnetite nanoparticles with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA@MNPs) were fabricated via ultrasonic-assisted coprecipitation technique. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by using FT-IR, TEM, TGA, XRD, ICP-OES, DLS, zeta potential, VSM and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The self-heating properties of the MNPs and PVA@MNPs were studied under alternating magnetic strength, frequency and induction time. MNPs and PVA@MNPs showed that the nanoparticles have a nearly spherical shape ranging between 12.3 ± 3.2 and 10 ± 2.5 nm, respectively. The higher value of zeta potentials of PVA@MNPs (− 11.49 mV) implies that the nanoparticle may show good stability in aqueous solutions. The magnetization saturation values were 41.98 and 45.08 emu g−1 for MNPs and PVA@MNPs, respectively. The prepared nanoparticles showed small coercivity and a remanence magnetization due to the soft magnetic nature of the prepared nanoparticles. The highest SLP value was 163.81 W g−1 for PVA@MNPs, while the lowest SLP value was 4.84 W g−1 for MNPs under the same magnetic field condition. The presence of PVA shell improved the particle stability and the magnetization for PVA@ MNPs. This successfully caused an improvement in the heating performance and magnetic hyperthermia as well. These features make the prepared PVA@MNPs in this study applicable as hyperthermic agents for biomedical applications.
Improved energy estimates for a class of time-dependent perturbed Hamiltonians
Authors: Marcelli Giovanna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe consider time-dependent perturbations which are relatively bounded with respect to the square root of an unperturbed Hamiltonian operator, and whose commutator with the latter is controlled by the full perturbed Hamiltonian. The perturbation is modulated by two auxiliary parameters, one regulates its intensity as a prefactor and the other one controls its time-scale via a regular function, whose derivative is compactly supported in a finite interval. We introduce a natural generalization of energy conservation in the case of time-dependent Hamiltonians: the boundedness of the two-parameter unitary propagator for the physical evolution with respect to then/2-thpower energy normfor all$$n\in \mathbb {Z}$$n∈Z. We provide bounds of then/2-th power energy norms, uniformly in time and in the time-scale parameter, for the unitary propagators, generated by the time-dependent perturbed Hamiltonian and by the unperturbed Hamiltonian in the interaction picture. The physically interesting model of Landau-type Hamiltonians with an additional weak and time-slowly-varying electric potential of unit drop is included in this framework.
Simulation and experimental studies of a vibro-impact capsule system driven by an external magnetic field
Authors: Zhang Jiajia , Liu Yang , Zhu Dibin , Prasad Shyam , Liu Caishan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the electromagnetic field used for driving a vibro-impact capsule prototype for small bowel endoscopy. Mathematical models of the electromagnetic field and the capsule system are introduced, and analytical solution of the magnetic force applied on the capsule is derived and verified by experiment. The impact force between the inner mass of the capsule and the capsule body is also compared via numerical simulation and experimental testing. By comparing the capsule’s progressions under different control parameters (e.g. the excitation frequency and duty cycle), the merits of using the vibro-impact propulsion are revealed. Based on the experimental results, the optimised speed of the prototype can achieve up to 3.85 mm/s. It is therefore that the potential feasibility of using the external electromagnetic field for propelling the vibro-impact capsule system is validated.
Analysis on functionalities and security features of Internet of Things related protocols
Authors: Rizzardi Alessandra , Sicari Sabrina , Coen-Porisini Alberto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm is characterized by the adoption of different protocols and standards to enable communications among heterogeneous and, often, resource-constrained devices. The risk of violation is high due to the wireless nature of the communication protocols usually involved in the IoT environments (e.g., e-health, smart agriculture, industry 4.0, military scenarios). For such a reason, proper security countermeasures must be undertaken, in order to prevent and react to malicious attacks, which could hinder the data reliability. In particular, the following requirements should be addressed: authentication, confidentiality, integrity, and authorization. This paper aims at investigating such security features, which are often combined with native functionalities, in the most known IoT-related protocols: MQTT, CoAP, LoRaWAN, AMQP, RFID, ZigBee, and Sigfox. The advantages and weaknesses of each one will be revealed, in order to point out open issues and best practices in the design of efficient and robust IoT network infrastructure.
Bisphenol A in edible tissues of rams exposed to repeated low-level dietary dose by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection
Authors: Cerkvenik-Flajs Vesna , Škibin Andrej , Švara Tanja , Gombač Mitja , Pogačnik Milan , Šturm Sabina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe presented work deals with levels and distribution of bisphenol A (BPA) in the edible tissues of a large food-producing animal species. An experimental animal study included 14 young Istrian pramenka rams (Ovis aries), of which seven were exposed for 64 days to a low dietary dose of BPA at 25 µg/kg b.w./day, and seven served as a control group. Residue analysis of both aglycone and total BPA was performed in the muscle tissue, liver, kidney and fat tissue of the individual animals by means of enzymatic deconjugation (for total BPA), organic solvent extraction, molecularly imprinted polymer solid-phase extraction (MISPE) clean-up and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLU). The analysis was optimized and validated for aglycone BPA in the fat tissue and for the total BPA in all tissues investigated. Edible tissues of the control group of rams generally remained BPA-free, while there were concentration differences between the control and treated groups for liver and kidney post last administration. The human health risk resulting from this study was assessed by the estimated dietary exposure in adults, which was < 0.1% related to the valid European Union Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) value of 4 µg/kg b.w./day. However, it would be 58-fold higher than the newly proposed TDI value of 0.04 ng/kg b.w./day.
Effect of Niobium Supersaturation in Austenite on the Static Recrystallization Behavior of Carbon Structural Steels
Authors: Rakshe B. , Patel J. , Palmiere E. J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This work describes the effect of Nb supersaturation in austenite on the suppression of static recrystallization of austenite during an isothermal holding period following hot deformation. The investigation involved three carbon structural steels with varying Nb concentration at constant C (0.20 pct) and N (0.007 pct) levels. The isothermal double-hit deformation technique led to the determination of T
5 pct and T
95 pct (recrystallization-stop and full recrystallization temperatures, respectively) as a function of a true strain and interpass time. The results indicate that the T
5 pct increases with increasing Nb supersaturation in austenite at a rate of 40 °C per 0.006 pct Nb supersaturation for a true stain ε=0.40. At each respective T
5 pct, all tested steels exhibited an Nb supersaturation ratio ≥ 7.5 in austenite. A high, localized strain-induced precipitation of Nb(CN) was observed at the austenite subgrain boundaries in the unrecrystallized microstructure. This translated into higher values for local precipitate-pinning forces (F
PIN), which were significantly higher than that predicted from equilibrium thermodynamics. The critical FPIN for retardation of static recrystallization was found to be 1.6 MPa at the respective T
5 pct for each steel. The present study has contributed to advancing our knowledge of the interplay between Nb solute supersaturation and volume fraction of Nb(CN) precipitation in particular for carbon structural steels. It has also highlighted an opportunity to apply niobium, even an ultra-low addition (i.e., < 100 ppm) to commodity-grade structural steels to reduce overall alloying costs.
Localization of cavities in cast components via impulse excitation and a finite element analysis
Authors: Lechner Philipp , Reberger Erwin , Gruber Maximilian , Kammerloher Simon , Hartmann Christoph , Volk Wolfram 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this work, the acoustic resonance testing method has been extended by a finite element analysis of the examined component to localize cavities within die casting parts. This novel method aims at a fast and efficient quality inspection which allows hidden cavities in cast components to be detected, which is only possible with X-ray technology at the moment. The promising results show that this method enables the localization of shrinkage cavities. Furthermore, the influence of product scatter has been analyzed regarding the accuracy of the calculated position of artificial defects.
A Lagrangian Klein bottle you can’t squeeze
Authors: Evans Jonathan David 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSuppose you have a nonorientable Lagrangian surface $$L$$
L
in a symplectic 4-manifold. How far can you deform the symplectic form before the smooth isotopy class of $$L$$
L
contains no Lagrangians? I solve this question for a particular Lagrangian Klein bottle. I also discuss some related conjectures.