bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chloride and Boron Tolerance of Young ‘Ruby Red’ Grapefruit Trees Affected by Rootstock and Irrigation Method 1
Authors: Peynado A. , Sluis Norman J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Young ‘Ruby Red’ grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfad.) trees on 20 rootstocks were tested for chloride (Cl−) and boron (B) tolerance by trickle and flood irrigation methods. Hybrids with trifoliate orange parentage had high, lemons moderate, and Alemow and limes low Cl− levels. Citrumelo W-2, the limes, most of the lemons, and Alemow had Cl− tolerance similar to that of Cleopatra mandarin, a Cl−-tolerant rootstock. Trees had similar vigor and Cl− toxicity symptoms in the trickle and flood treatments but took up more Cl− in the flood. All rootstocks except the two Alemows accumulated excessive B. The rootstocks took up similar amounts of B in the flood and trickle treatments but were more vigorous and exhibited more B toxicity symptoms in the latter.
Gene Effects of Some Vegetative Characters of Cucumber 1
Authors: Ghaderi Ardeshir , Lower R. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Parents, F1, F2, and backcross generations of a cross ‘Addis’ × ‘SMR 18’ were grown in a controlled environment with day/night temperature of 30°/20°C and a 15 hour photoperiod. Generation means for traits with significant differences were analyzed using an unweighted least squares procedure. An additive-dominance model accounted for most of the variation among generations for root, stem and total dry weight, shoot/root dry weight ratio, height, number of nodes and length of internodes. Some interallelic interactions were involved in the variation among generations for root and total plant fresh weight.
Floral Development and Blindness in Roses: An SEM Study1
Authors: Nell T. A. , Rasmussen H. P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fresh, unfixed meristems of rose (Rosa hybrida L.) were viewed in the scanning electron microscope to determine the morphological differences and organogenesis of flowering and blind shoots. Gluteraldehyde fixed, ethanol dehydrated and critical point dried tissue was severely desiccated with individual cell walls becoming concave. Fresh tissue remained turgid for at least 10 min in the microscope. Visible signs of flower initiation were evidenced by the presence of sepal primordia followed by differentiation of petals, anthers and stigma. No evidence of flower initiation was observed in the blind shoot.
Blindness in Roses: Effects of High Intensity Light and Blind Shoot Prediction Techniques1
Authors: Nell T. A. , Rasmussen H. P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Tropicana’ rose plants (Rosa hybrida L.) were exposed to increasing periods of high intensity light (640 W/m2) beginning immediately after flower removal, in the fall and winter of 1975 and spring and summer of 1976. Flowers were also removed from ‘Forever Yours’ and ‘Cara Mia’ plants in the summer of 1976 and shoot length, stem diameter and bud diameter were evaluated as morphological indicators of blind shoot development. Plants were transferred to a growth chamber (300 W/m2) following the high intensity lighting treatment. Plants grown in the growth chamber without supplemental lighting had the highest percentage of blind shoots. Maximum blindness occurred during the winter months regardless of lighting treatments. Blind shoot production decreased with increased duration of supplemental lighting. Shoot length proved to be an effective indicator of blind shoots as early as 10 days following lateral bud initiation on all cultivars. The value of bud diameter and stem diameter as indicators of blindness was dependent on cultivars.
Red Raspberry Establishment from Root Cuttings1
Authors: Torre Louis C. , Barritt Bruce H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Root cuttings and dormant plants were compared for field establishment of red raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.). Each type was dug in January, and held in cold storage at −1°C until planting in March and April. Root cuttings were placed in hills at rates of 3 to 126 g/hill or placed continuously along the row at rates of 10 to 126 g/91 cm of row. Number of new canes longer than 91 cm and top growth weight were determined in September. The number of new canes produced was correlated, r = .81, with root cutting rate; 60 g of root cuttings per 91 cm of row were needed to produce the same number of new canes as dormant plants and 42 g per 91 cm of row needed to produce the same weight of top growth as dormant plants. Root cuttings and dormant plants were dug in January and held in cold storage until planting in September, October and November. The September planting of root cuttings produced significantly more new 91 cm canes the following summer than did the dormant plants. The October and November plantings failed to produce significant growth the following summer.
Selection Criteria for Eating Quality in Steamed Sweet Potato Roots1
Authors: Villareal R. L. , Tsou S. C. , Lai S. H. , Chiu S. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Steamed roots of promising breeding lines of sweet potato (Ipomoea batastas (L.) Lam) and cultivars were evaluated for flavor, dryness, stickiness, color, and general acceptability to determine selection criteria that influence general acceptability. The acceptability ranking of roots varied according to the nationality of the panel member. Based on the results of stepwise multiple regression analysis, it appeared that flavor and color would be good eating quality characteristics for predicting general acceptability of steamed sweet potato roots. Alcohol insoluble solids and total soluble solids after steaming contributed 85% to the variation of dryness in sweet potato roots.
Effect of 2-(3-Chlorophenoxy)propionic Acid and 2-(3-Chlorophenoxy)propionamide Applications on Fruit Size and Maturity of Peach1
Authors: Shaybany B. , Costa G. , Brown S. S. , Obenauff G. , Martin G. C. , Gerdts M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
2-(3-Chlorophenoxy) proprionic acid (3-CP) and 2-(3-Chlorophenoxy) proprionomide (3-CPA) were applied to leaves of ‘Loadel’ and ‘Suncrest’ peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) at 9 weeks postbloom in 1976. Both chemicals significantly increased fruit diameter. There were no significant differences between the 2 chemicals nor among different rates of 3-CP. Fruit firmness was not altered by either chemical. Both growth regulators significantly increased preharvest drop of ‘Loadel’, but not that of ‘Suncrest’. The soluble solids content of ‘Suncrest’ was unaffected by either chemical, while 3-CP increased that of ‘Loadel’ at all concentrations indicating earlier ripening. In 1977, 3-CP was applied to leaves of ‘Andross’ and ‘Fay Elberta’. A small increase in ‘Andross’ fruit size was noted. Firmness and percent soluble solids were not enhanced significantly by 3-CP on ‘Andross’, while the treatment did significantly decrease preharvest abscission. 3-CP had no effect on weight, size, firmness, or percent soluble solids of ‘Fay Elberta’.
Cold Hardiness of the Genus Camellia1
Authors: Sakai Akira , Hakoda Naotoshi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To determine the frost hardiness of some important Camellia species and their cultivars, dormant twigs wintering in Tokyo were collected mainly in midwinter and artificially hardened at −3°C for 15 days to induce the maximum hardiness. Camellia japonica which extends north as far as 40°51′ was the most hardy species, resisting freezing from −18 to −20°C. A great difference in the hardiness was observed in the flower buds among many species and cultivars, ranging from −15 to −5° or above; though the leaves, vegetative buds and twig tissues were all hardy to temperatures from −10 to −15°C in the camellias tested. Except for C. japonica and its cultivars, the peduncle was found to be the least hardy tissue of the flower buds in the genus Camellia.
A Histological Study of Adventitious Root Initiation in Mung Bean Cuttings1
Authors: Blazich Frank A. , Heuser Charles W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A histological study of the initiation and development of adventitious roots in lightgrown cuttings of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) showed that cell divisions leading to adventitious root initiation occurred 20–24 hours after the cuttings were taken. Cell divisions began at the same time for control and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) treated cuttings indicating that NAA did not alter the timing of root initiation. The root primordia for both were well developed by 48 hours and the roots began to emerge by 72 hours. Intracellular changes in the cells destine for the initial divisions first became visible histologically at 12 hours. By 16 to 20 hours considerable intracellular change was observed, including enlargement of the nuclei and nucleoli and an increase in apparent cytoplasmic staining density.
Carbon Monoxide Formation in Tomatoes1
Authors: Gladon Richard J. , Staby George L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is not emanated to any large extent from tomato fruits (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill. cvs. Rutgers and Ohio MR-13), but is retained within the internal atmosphere. CO is found during all stages of fruit development, but no set pattern of CO concentration is evident.
The Relationship Between Some Nitrogen Fertilizer Sources, Rates, Application Frequencies, and Quality of ‘Tïfgreen’ Bermudagrass1
Authors: Barrios E. P. , Jones L. G. , Koonce K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Effects of 16 nitrogen treatments were compared in 1974, 1975 and 1976 on a United States Golf Association (USGA) golf green planted with ‘Tifgreen’ Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers × C. transvaalensis). Activated sewage sludge (Milorganite) was superior to ammonium nitrate and ureaformaldehyde (Uramite) at most rates and application frequencies. The best quality (by panel evaluation) turfgrass resulted from 1.80 kg per 92.9 m2 of Milorganite N applied monthly (May to November) or bimonthly applications of 5.40 kg. Biweekly applications of 0.45 or 0.90 kg of ammonium nitrate N ranked next, but monthly applications of 0.45 to 1.35 kg failed to provide acceptable turfgrass quality. Ureaformaldehyde N at monthly rates from 0.45 to 1.80 kg was inferior to other sources at the same rates and application frequencies. Foliar concentrations of N, P, K, Cu and Zn above critical levels were associated with increased quality and yield. Tissue Mg, S, Fe and Mn content had no influence on turf quality or yield. Foliage micronutrient levels were generally higher than previously reported by other workers.
Concentrations of 14 Elements in Tissues of Blight-affected and Healthy ‘Valencia’ Orange Trees1,2
Authors: Wutscher H. K , Hardesty C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cl, Mo, and Al varied between blight-affected and healthy trees in one or more of the following ‘Valencia’ orange tree (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.) tissues: leaves, twigs, branches, trunks, trunk bark, large roots and feeder roots. Blight had no effect on B concentration; watersoluble phenolics were higher in the trunk wood of blight-affected trees, but not in the wood of branches and roots. Differences in cation exchange capacity, pH and 10 available nutrients in the soil were too small to be significant. The water content of the trunk, branch, and root wood did not vary significantly. The most consistent changes with blight were: higher N levels in the bark and the wood of the trunk; lower K levels in the leaves, coupled with higher K in the wood of the branches and the trunk; higher Na in the leaves and the trunk wood, higher Zn in the leaves and trunk wood; higher Cl concentrations in the leaves and the branch wood together with lower concentrations in the feeder roots.
Breeding for Root Rot Resistance in Red Raspberry1
Authors: Barritt B. H. , Crandall P. C. , Bristow P. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) clones and seedlings were evaluated in infested field soils for resistance to a root rot. Disease symptoms were root necrosis and wilting of first and second year canes. Of 41 clones examined ‘Latham’, ‘Newburgh’, ‘Durham’, ‘Chief’ and ‘WSU 458’ were the most resistant. ‘Lloyd George’ and its derivatives were generally the most susceptible. Evaluation of seedlings from 25 crosses showed that ‘Latham’ and ‘Newburgh’ produced the highest percentage of resistant seedlings and the seedlings with the highest level of resistance; ‘Glen Clova’ and ‘Meeker’ produced the fewest seedlings with resistance. Heritability estimates based on parent/offspring regression were 0.85 for the percentage of seedlings infected and 0.92 for the mean seedling injury rating.
Effects of Temperature and SO2 Addition on Quality and Postharvest Behavior of Mechanically-harvested Juice Grapes in Arkansas 1
Authors: Morris J. R. , Cawthon D. L. , Fleming J. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Temperature of fruit of Vitis labrusca L. cv. Concord at harvest was the primary factor governing the rate of postharvest quality changes. Fruit harvested at mid-day at 32°C remained at that temperature inside a bulk pallet box for 72 hours, regardless of diurnal temperature fluctuations. Without addition of SO2, alcohol concentration steadily increased after 12 hours holding the mechanically-harvested grapes in a bulk pallet box and reached 3% after 72 hours. Loss of soluble solids began immediately after harvest and after 72 hours, 44% of the soluble solids present at the time of harvest had been lost. Addition of S02 at harvest or no later than 6 hours after harvest aided in slowing postharvest deterioration. The addition of 80 or 160 ppm SO2 to a bulk pallet box of grapes mechanically harvested at a temperature of 35° was as effective in retarding postharvest deterioration of the quality attributes determined in this study as was harvesting at 24°. Harvesting at a cool temperature (24°) and SO2 addition will allow for extended holding of the raw product with minimal alcohol production and raw product quality loss.
Field Comparisons of Lycopersicon Accessions for Resistance to the Tomato Pinworm and Vegetable Leafminer1,3
Authors: Schuster D. J. , Waddill V. H. , Augustine J. J. , Volin R. B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Resistance of Lycopersicon accessions, breeding lines and cultivars to the tomato pinworm, Keiferia lycopersicella (Walsingham), and the vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, was evaluated in 5 field studies. PI 126445 and PI 127826 (L. hirsutum Humb. & Bonpl.) and PI 126449 (L. hirsutum f. glabratum Mull.) demonstrated the highest level of resistance to both insects as measured by the number of L. sativae mines and damage and larvae of K. lycopersicella. Levels of resistance to either insect in L. esculentum Mill, accessions studied appeared intermediate. PI 129230 and PI 140403 (L. esculentum) were moderately resistant to both insects in at least two tests.
Influence of Rootstocks, Soil Oxygen, and Soil Moisture on the Uptake and Translocation of Nutrients in Young Avocado Plants 1
Authors: Slowik K. , Labanauskas C. K. , Stolzy L. H. , Zentmyer G. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The effects of 2 rootstocks of avocado (Persea americana Mill.), 2 soil oxygen levels, and 2 soil moisture levels on nutrient uptake and translocation showed that seedling Duke and Topa Topa rootstocks produced little change in the growth of ‘Hass’ scion, nutrient concentrations in the leaves, stems, and roots or the total amount of nutrients absorbed per plant. Total amounts of 11 nutrients studied were significantly lower, irrespective of concentrations found in the various plant tissues, in plants grown in with 2% soil oxygen than in plants supplied with 21% soil oxygen. Low soil moisture reduced dry weights of leaves and stems, and total dry weight of plants. Total amounts of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Mn per plant, irrespective of nutrient concentrations in the leaves, stems, and roots, were significantly lower in plants grown under low soil moisture.
Abscisic Acid in Pear Seed, Fruit, and Fruit Exudate 1
Authors: Martin George C. , Nishijima C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Large differences in abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations were found among persisting fruit of ‘Winter Nelis’, seeded ‘Bartlett’ and parthenocarpic ‘Bartlett’ pear (Pyrus communis L.) even though fruit set and fruit growth rates were similar. Concentration of ABA was positively correlated with rate of fruit and seed growth in these 3 pear types. The concentration of ABA was greater in the seed than in fruit flesh, and in the integuments plus endosperm than in the embryo.
Factors Affecting W ater Application Rates on Urban Landscapes1,2
Authors: Cotter Donald J. , Chavez Fabian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A study of seasonal and landscape effects on residential water application rates used to maintain meso-phytic plants in Las Cruces, New Mexico showed a positive significant correlation between water applied and landscape area maintained. However, only one-half of the variation in water applied was accounted for in the analysis. In 2 years, about 40% more water was applied than the estimated requirement. The principal reason for excessive water use appeared to be consumers’ lack of knowledge about plant water requirements.
Inheritance of Resistance to Ozone in Phaseolus vulgaris L.1
Authors: Butler L. Knudson , Tibbitts T. W. , Bliss F. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ozone sensitivity was compared in F1 and F2 populations from crosses between 2 ozone-sensitive bean cultivars, ‘Spurt’ and ‘Blue Lake Stringless’, and 2 ozone-resistant cultivars, ‘Black Turtle Soup’ and ‘French’s Horticultural’, under controlled environmental conditions. F1 plants were as sensitive as the sensitive parent. About 10% of the F2 progeny obtained by selfing F1 plants appeared to be as resistant as the resistant parent and 90% of the progeny could be divided equally between a group as sensitive as the sensitive parent and a group intermediate in sensitivity between the parent plants. However, precise separation of F2 progeny was not possible because of the variability in injury expression. The average injury on the F2 plants was greater than the parental midpoint value and the variance in injury on the F2 plants was about 3.5x greater than that for the parents. The heritability of resistance to ozone was estimated to be 0.83. It was concluded that ozone resistance is recessive in P. vulgaris and appears to be regulated by a few major genes.
Rupture Strength of Unions of ‘Golden Delicious9 Apple with Mailing 8, Mailing 9, and Vigorous Rootstocks 1
Authors: Rehkugler G. E. , Cummins J. N. , Markwardt E. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As determined on the test bench, 18-year-old ‘Golden Delicious’/Malling (M) 8 and ‘Golden Delicious’/M 9 graft unions fail at about 1/3 the stress required for failure of unions of ‘Golden Delicious’ and vigorous stocks (Malus domestica Borkh.). The stresses at rupture of these unions are of the same order of magnitude as reported by other workers with much younger graft unions. The average wind velocity that the ‘Golden Delici-ous’/M 8 and ‘Golden Delicious’/M 9 unions can withstand is about 10% less than that for the ‘Golden Delicious’/vigorous union, because the ‘Golden Delicious’/vigorous tree is much larger and encounters the greater wind resistance forces. The weakest unions are able to resist forces of winds over 100 km/hr. The mechanical shaking forces required to remove apples from these trees in the “worst case” situation do not exceed the maximum allowable stresses in the graft union. Failure of graft unions is not expected in normal shake-and-catch harvest.
Pistillate Flower Bud Development in Pistachio 1
Authors: Takeda Fumiomi , Crane Julian C. , Lin Joseph 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We found in light and scanning electron microscopic studies of buds of the pistillate ‘Kerman’ pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) that about 12 months elapsed from the time of inflorescence differentiation until the opening of individual flowers. Growth of the rachis and its lateral branches occurred from April to June; sepal differentiation, from late May to mid June; pistil initiation, from early October to March; and carpel development, from late March to early April. Cessation of the development of the inflorescence buds during July, August, and early September appears to be unrelated to nut growth and development, as buds were inactive during that period in both bearing and nonbearing trees.
Effect of Thrips Scars on Table Grape Quality1
Authors: Yokoyama Victoria Y. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Scars caused by the ovipositional and feeding activities of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), on ‘Thompson Seedless’ and ‘Calmeria’ table grapes, Vitis vinifera L., had no effect on many measurable quality attributes of the fruit. Scarred berries showed no apparent differences in size or average weight when compared to undamaged fruit. However, scarred ‘Thompson Seedless’ berries had a higher soluble solids content. The acid content was not affected by any type of scar and all fruit had soluble solids to acid ratios of at least 20:1. Scarring did not affect the weight loss of fruit in short-term storage at 0.6°C, and scarred berries were not injured by sulfur dioxide fumigation.
Seasonal Effect of UV-B Radiation on Poinsettia Cultivars1
Authors: Semeniuk Peter , Stewart Robert N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Groups of poinsettia plants (Euphorbia pulcherrima willd. ex Klutzsch) were exposed at different seasons to enhanced levels of ultraviolet (280-320 nm) radiation, 01-13 weighted m W m−2 (UV-B), for 4 weeks in both vegetative and flowering growth stages. None of the cultivars showed any response in height, number of nodes, fresh weight, or dry weight. Some distorted leaves and bracts developed during the seasons of low light intensity but not during seasons of high light intensity, suggesting photorepair during the latter periods. The anthocyanin pigmentation produced in the bracts of flowering plants was partially destryoed by enhanced UV-B, whereas in vegetative plants the pigmentation in petioles was increased. Bracts from many of the treated plants showed increased absorbance in the UV-A and UV-B regions. Cultivars differed widely in their response to enhanced UV-B.
Evaluation of Density Separation for Defining Fruit Maturities and Maturation Rates of Once-over Harvested Muscadine Grapes1
Authors: Lanier M. R. , Morris J. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Carlos’ muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) were sorted into 5 density grades using 4 brine solutions of 8, 9, 10 and 11% NaCl. Soluble solids and berry weight increased, color improved, and acidity decreased with grape maturity and brine concentration. Panelist’s sensory preference increased with increasing density (maturity). Berries that floated and sank in 11% NaCl (density grades 4 and 5) had acceptable ratings for flavor, aroma, and color. Density separation was used to monitor the rates of maturation of the cultivars ‘Carlos’ and ‘Noble’. The technique was useful in characterizing the changes in berry population during the last month of ripening.
Effects of Acetaldehyde on Postharvest Quality of Mechanically Harvested Strawberries for Processing1
Authors: Morris J. R. , Cawthon D. L. , Buescher R. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Mechanically harvested fruits of A-5344 and ‘Earlibelle’ strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) were stored at 24°C for 72 and 120 hours in atmospheres containing acetaldehyde (Aa) with and without prior dipping in 0 to 1.5% acetaldehyde solutions. Aa atmospheres and a combination of atmospheres and dips were most effective in maintaining visual color, freedom from browning, and product acceptability of machine harvested strawberries for processing. Fruit stored in atmospheres containing Aa vapor increased in acidity by 72 hours.