bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chitosan nano-formulation enhances stability and bactericidal activity of the lytic phage HK6
Authors: Temsaah Hasnaa R. , Abdelkader Karim , Ahmed Amr E. , Elgiddawy Nada , Eldin Zienab E. , Elshebrawy Hend Ali , Kasem Nahed Gomaa , El-Gohary Fatma A. , Azmy Ahmed. F. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Successful treatment of pathogenic bacteria like Enterobacter Cloacae with bacteriophage (phage) counteract some hindrance such as phage stability and immunological clearance. Our research is focused on the encapsulation of phage HK6 within chitosan nanoparticles.

Result
Encapsulation significantly improves stability, efficacy, and delivery of phages. Chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) achieve a phage entrapment efficiency of 97%. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) reveals shifts towards higher wavenumbers and a new peak, indicating amide bond formation and successful phage encapsulation. The average particle sizes for CS-NP and phage HK6 encapsulated CS-NPs were 180 ± 10 nm and 297 ± 18 nm, respectively. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analyses reveal that phage HK6 encapsulated CS-NPs are larger on average than CS-NPs, highlighting successful phage encapsulation. Encapsulated bacteriophages maintain its effectiveness at higher pH levels of 11 and 12. Both encapsulated and free bacteriophages are thermostable between 25 and 60 °C; while at higher temperatures (up to 80 °C), the encapsulated phage is thermally stable. Over four days, 70.57% of phages were released from encapsulated CS-NPs. Encapsulation of bacteriophage HK6 in CS-NPs enhances antibacterial activity within the first 2 h, compared to phage or nanoparticles alone.

Conclusion
This suggests that the phage HK6 encapsulated CS-NPs exhibit potentiality as biocontrol agents against resistant microorganisms offering an alternative to phage alone.

Graphical Abstract
Quality, topics, and demographic trends of animal systematic reviews - an umbrella review
Authors: Hild Bernard Friedrich , Brüschweiler David , Hild Sophia Theodora Katharina , Bugajska Julia , von Wyl Viktor , Rosso Marianna , Wever Kimberley Elaine , Furrer Eva , Ineichen Benjamin Victor 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Animal systematic reviews are critical to inform translational research. Despite their growing popularity, there is a notable lack of information on their quality, scope, and geographical distribution over time. Addressing this gap is important to maintain their effectiveness in fostering medical advancements.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the quality and demographic trends of animal systematic reviews in neuroscience, including changes over time.

Methods
We performed an umbrella review of animal systematic reviews, searching Medline and Embase for reviews until January 27, 2023. A data mining method was developed and validated to automatically evaluate the quality of these reviews.

Results
From 18‘065 records identified, we included 1‘358 animal systematic reviews in our study. These reviews commonly focus on translational research but with notable topical gaps such as schizophrenia, other psychiatric disorders, and brain tumours. They originate from 64 countries, with the United States, China, the UK, Brazil, and Iran being the most prolific. The automated quality assessment indicated high reliability, with F1-scores over 80% for most criteria. Overall, the reviews were of high quality and the quality improved over time. However, many systematic reviews did not report a pre-registered study protocol. Reviews with a pre-registered protocol generally scored higher in quality. No significant differences in quality were observed between countries.

Conclusion
Animal systematic reviews in neuroscience are of overall of high quality. Our study highlights specific areas for enhancement such as the recommended pre-publication of study protocols. It also identifies under-represented topics that could benefit from further investigation to inform translational research. Such measures can contribute to the effective translation of animal research findings to clinical applications.
Coronary health index based on immunoglobulin light chains to assess coronary heart disease risk with machine learning: a diagnostic trial
Authors: Ren Wenbo , Zhang Zichen , Wang Yifei , Wang Jiangyuan , Li Li , Shi Lin , Zhai Taiyu , Huang Jing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Recent studies suggest a connection between immunoglobulin light chains (IgLCs) and coronary heart disease (CHD). However, current diagnostic methods using peripheral blood IgLCs levels or subtype ratios show limited accuracy for CHD, lacking comprehensive assessment and posing challenges in early detection and precise disease severity evaluation. We aim to develop and validate a Coronary Health Index (CHI) incorporating total IgLCs levels and their distribution. Additionally, we aim to evaluate its effectiveness by integrating patient data and using machine learning models through diagnostic trial.

Methods
The CHI was developed and combined with other clinical data. Nine machine learning models were screened to identify optimal diagnostic performance, with the XGBoost model emerging as the top performer. Performance was assessed based on accuracy, sensitivity, and its ability to identify severe CHD cases characterized by complex lesions (SYNTAX score > 33).

Results
The XGBoost model demonstrated high accuracy and sensitivity in diagnosing CHD, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.927. It also accurately identified patients with severe CHD, achieving an AUC of 0.991. An online web tool was introduced for broader external validation, confirming the model’s effectiveness.

Conclusions
Combining the CHI with the XGBoost model offers significant advantages in diagnosing CHD and assessing disease severity. This approach can guide clinical interventions and improve large-scale CHD screening.
Tibial stem extension versus standard configuration in primary cemented total knee arthroplasty: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Heidari Arash , Ebrahimzadeh Mohammad H. , Daliri Mahla , Moradi Ali , Sahebi Mahdieh , Sadeghi Masoumeh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
In order to increase the stability of tibial component in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), intramedullary stem extensions (SE) have been developed. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to address the critical knowledge gap on post-operative outcomes and complications rate comparison between tibial component with SE compared to the tibial component standard configuration (SC) in primary cemented TKA.

Methods
We conducted a comprehensive search of online databases, including Pubmed, Embase, ISI Web of science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus, using the following MeSH terms, (total knee arthroplasty) OR (TKA) OR (total knee replacement) AND (Tibial stem) OR (stem extension) OR (long stem). We included clinical studies that compared the tibial SE with no tibial stem (standard configuration) in primary cemented TKA. The important exclusion criteria were studies on revision (secondary) TKA, un-cemented arthroplasty, high level constrained implants, TKA with tibial augment & tibial bone graft, TKA with femoral stems, studies on short tibial keel (shorter than SC), without any tibial keel, studies with less than 12 months of follow-up. Knee Society Score (KSS) functional and clinical scores were considered as clinical outcomes along with tibial loosening and implant survival rate. The retrieved studies were assessed for methodological quality using Cochrane Collaborations tool for assessing the risk of bias in randomized trials (ROB) and Cochrane Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies—of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tools. Weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using random-effects meta-analysis taking into account for heterogeneity.

Results
A total of 223,743 patients (223,766 knees) from 15 articles were included. The risk of tibial aseptic loosening is 54% lower on average in SE group in comparison with SC group (RR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.74), which is more notable among obese class I patients (RR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.78), but not significantly different among obese class II patients (RR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.19 to 1.78). KSS functional and clinical score increased 3.85 score (95% CI: 1.52 to 6.18), and 1,24 scores (95% CI: − 0.22 to 2.70) among patients in SE group, respectively. The survival rate was 1.04 times greater in the SE group. There was no notable difference in terms of knee deformity (hip-knee-ankle angle) correction, all cause secondary procedure, and complications rate between the two groups.

Conclusion
The meta-analysis of post-operative functional scores and tibial loosening rate indicates a preference for tibial SE over the SC in primary cemented TKA. Some studies were rated as having a fair to critical risk of bias during the quality assessment. To strengthen the evidence and improve the applicability of our findings in clinical practice, future high-quality studies are required.
The physical, emotional, social, and functional dimensions of epidermolysis bullosa. An interview study on burdens and helpful aspects from a patients’ perspective
Authors: Salamon Gudrun , Strobl Sophie , Matschnig Marie-Stephanie , Diem Anja 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a serious, painful, hereditary and still incurable genetic condition. Due to blistering or wounds on the skin caused by the slightest touch, a person suffering from epidermolysis bullosa is prevented from achieving the same quality of life as a healthy person. Until now, psychosocial research has focused on the description of the problems of people living with the disease.

Objectives
The aim of this paper is to provide a structured overview of potential psychosocial effects of epidermolysis bullosa on the everyday lives of people with the condition and to explore helpful aspects for coping with EB.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews with persons living with EB were conducted. Analyses were based on a combination of a reflexive grounded theory approach and a structured coding guide. By means of purposive sampling across three countries, a high diversity within the sample was achieved in order to obtain a wide range of possible effects.

Results
A total of 17 individuals living with EB across all EB types were interviewed, resulting in 36,315 words being analysed. Psychosocial aspects of EB comprise physical, emotional, social, and functional dimensions. Identified burdens and helpful aspects in dealing with EB are described along this structure.

Conclusions
Our results highlight the broad range of possible psychosocial effects caused by epidermolysis bullosa. It is particularly important to recognise those affected as individuals with their personal needs and to avoid unnecessary strains. Furthermore, emotional support is crucial in every respect.
Extrication following a motor vehicle collision: a consensus statement on behalf of The Faculty of Pre-hospital Care, Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
Authors: Nutbeam Tim , Fenwick Rob , Haldane Charlotte , Leech Caroline , Foote Emily , Todd Simon , Lockey David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Road traffic injury is the leading cause of death among young people globally, with motor vehicle collisions often resulting in severe injuries and entrapment. Traditional extrication techniques focus on limiting movement to prevent spinal cord injuries, but recent findings from the EXIT project challenge this approach. This paper presents updated recommendations from the Faculty of Pre-Hospital Care (FPHC) that reflect the latest evidence on extrication practices.

Methods
A systematic scoping review identified 170 relevant articles from 7083 records. Findings, together with EXIT project data, informed the development of 12 core and supplemental statements on extrication. In April 2024, 43 subject matter experts from diverse backgrounds participated in a consensus process. Statements were discussed, voted on, and synthesised into the updated statement, ratified by FPHC.

Results
Consensus was achieved for all 12 statements, emphasising self-extrication as a preferred, primary approach, reducing extrication time, and moving away from absolute movement minimisation. The U-STEP OUT algorithm was endorsed as a decision-making tool. Key themes included interdisciplinary collaboration, use of operational and clinical decision aids, and enhanced training.

Conclusions
This consensus statement marks a paradigm shift in extrication practice, moving away from traditional movement minimisation to a focus on time-sensitive, patient-centred care. The findings advocate for empowering both clinical and non-clinical responders and improving interdisciplinary training and communication. Further research is needed to assess the broader implementation of this statement and to explore the psychological impacts of entrapment and extrication on patients.
Polysomnographic titration of non-invasive ventilation in motor neurone disease (3TLA): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Berlowitz David J. , Rowe Dominic , Howard Mark E. , Piper Amanda , Graco Marnie , Braat Sabine , Singh Bhajan , Souza Tanara Viera , Lannin Natasha , McLean Alistair , Sawyer Abbey , Carey Kate A. , Ahamed Yasmin ,   on behalf of the 3TLA Trial Group, Aickelin Uwe , Aiyappan Vinod , Chao Caroline , Curtin Deanne , Dalziel Kim , Hannan Liam , Holland Anne , Kiernan Matthew , Kosky Chris , Menadue Collette , Michael Chris , Rautela Linda , Sheean Bec , Szollosi Irene , Talman Paul , Thomas Gethin , Vucic Ostoja Steve , Wheatley John , Wu Peter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) uses positive pressure to assist people with respiratory muscle weakness or severe respiratory compromise to breathe. Most people use this treatment during sleep when breathing is most susceptible to instability. The benefits of using NIV in motor neurone disease (MND) are well-established. However, uptake and usage are low (~ 19%) and there is no consensus on how to best implement NIV in MND in Australia. Consequently, clinical practice models are highly variable. Our team has recently provided evidence that specific and individualised NIV titration using a sleep study (polysomnography; PSG) leads to better outcomes in people with MND. However, for this clinical practice model to result in sustained benefits, evidence of effectiveness across multiple sites, as well as culture and practice change, must occur.

Methods
A two-arm, assessor-blinded, individual participant randomised controlled trial in MND care centres across Australia will be undertaken. Two-hundred and forty-four participants will be randomised (1:1) to either the intervention group (PSG-assisted commencement of NIV settings; PSG) or a control group (sham PSG). Participants will be asked to use their NIV device for 7 weeks and will then return for follow-up assessments. Respiratory, sleep and patient-reported outcome measures will be collected at baseline and follow-up. The primary aim is to determine if the proportion of participants using NIV for > 4 h/day during the intervention period is higher in the PSG than the control group. A process evaluation, health economic evaluation and 12-month cohort follow-up will be undertaken and reported separately.

Discussion
The results of this trial will demonstrate the effects of PSG-assisted titration of NIV on usage of NIV in people with MND. We hypothesise that the PSG intervention will improve synchrony between the user and the machine, which will lead to greater NIV usage compared to the control group.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05136222. Registered on November 25, 2021.
Tooth wear and tertiary crowding: a 13-year cohort study in Amazon Indigenous populations
Authors: Travassos da Rosa Moreira Bastos Renata , da Costa Eduardo Oliveira , Normando David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Tooth wear is an important mechanism for reducing dental dimensions and, consequently, dental crowding. The objective of this cohort study was to examine the relation of tooth wear, adjusted for covariates (age, tooth loss, arch perimeter and intercanine width), on tertiary crowding in Amazon Indigenous populations.

Methods
A sample of 40 Indigenous people in permanent dentition at T0 (baseline) and after 13 years (T1) were evaluated. The sample included 16 males and 24 females belonging to two villages, Arara (n = 22, mean ages 16.6 and 29.9 years) and Assurini do Xingu (n = 18, mean ages 16.0 and 29.6 years). Clinical, intraoral photograph and dental cast evaluations were performed at both times. The anterior crowding was measured using Little’s Irregularity Index (LI) and modeled through a multilevel linear regression with the predictor variables: village, tooth wear (T1-T0), age (T0), tooth loss (T1-T0), changes in intercanine width (T1-T0) and changes in arch perimeter (T1-T0).

Results
A slight increase was observed (< 1 mm) in anterior dental crowding and a decrease in arch perimeter < 1.5 mm, while tooth wear increased between 0.65 and 0.99 units. The contextual variable (village) had no significant association with LI. In the upper arch, tooth loss was the only variable that showed an inverse association with LI (β=-0.41, p < 0.05). In the lower arch, the increase in dental crowding was inversely associated with tooth wear (β=-1.30, p < 0.05) and changes in arch perimeter (β=-0.31, p < 0.05). The other variables did not show significant associations.

Conclusion
After 13 years, dental crowding and tooth wear increased, while the arch dimensions tended to decrease. The changes in long-term dental crowding seem to have distinct etiological components for each dental arch. In the mandible, the changes in incisor alignment were associated with increased tooth wear and decreased dental arch dimensions. Whereas in the maxilla, only tooth loss caused alterations in tooth alignment. It is suggested that the effect of increased tooth wear on the etiology of tertiary crowding is of small magnitude and restricted to the lower dental arch.
Whole-genome sequencing identifies novel loci for keratoconus and facilitates risk stratification in a Han Chinese population
Authors: Yao Yinghao , Li Xingyong , Wu Lan , Zhang Jia , Gui Yuanyuan , Yu Xiangyi , Zhou Yang , Li Xuefei , Liu Xinyu , Xing Shilai , An Gang , Du Zhenlin , Liu Hui , Li Shasha , Yu Xiaoguang ,   Myopia Associated Genetics Intervention and Consortiums, Chen Hua , Su Jianzhong , Chen Shihao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Keratoconus (KC) is a prevalent corneal condition with a modest genetic basis. Recent studies have reported significant genetic associations in multi-ethnic cohorts. However, the situation in the Chinese population remains unknown. This study was conducted to identify novel genetic variants linked to KC and to evaluate the potential applicability of a polygenic risk model in the Han Chinese population.

Methods
A total of 830 individuals diagnosed with KC and 779 controls from a Chinese cohort were enrolled and genotyped by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Common and rare variants were respectively subjected to single variant association analysis and gene-based burden analysis. Polygenic risk score (PRS) models were developed using top single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified from a multi-ethnic meta-analysis and then evaluated in the Chinese cohort.

Results
The characterization of germline variants entailed correction for population stratification and validation of the East Asian ancestry of the included samples via principal component analysis. For rare protein-truncating variants (PTVs) with minor allele frequency (MAF) < 5%, ZC3H11B emerged as the top prioritized gene, albeit failing to reach the significance threshold. We detected three common variants reaching genome-wide significance (P ≤ 5 × 10−8), all of which are novel to KC. Our study validated three well known predisposition loci, COL5A1, EIF3A and FNDC3B. Additionally, a significant correlation of allelic effects was observed for suggestive SNPs between the largest multi-ethnic meta-genome-wide association study (GWAS) and our study. The PRS model, generated using top SNPs from the meta-GWAS, stratified individuals in the upper quartile, revealing up to a 2.16-fold increased risk for KC.

Conclusions
Our comprehensive WGS-based GWAS in a large Chinese cohort enhances the efficiency of array-based genetic studies, revealing novel genetic associations for KC and highlighting the potential for refining clinical decision-making and early prevention strategies.
“Not waiting for the storm to pass, but dancing in the rain”: professional identity construction of efl teachers at tutoring institutions
Authors: Shi Han , Wang Yunsong , Wang Yongliang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractStudies of EFL teachers’ professional identity have experienced a sociological turn. As a result, much research attention has been showered upon exploring EFL teachers’ identity construction under the multiple interactions of individual and social factors. However, there are few documented studies concerning the EFL teachers at tutoring institutions, as a marginalized community of teachers. To this end, the present study drew on the narrative inquiry and case study to indicate the dynamic trajectories of identity construction among EFL teachers at tutoring institutions under the “Double Reduction” policy. 8 EFL teachers were recruited from Chinese tutoring institutions to participate in the semi-structural interviews. The analysis elucidated identity construction of EFL teachers at tutoring institutions from a sociocultural perspective. The construction path could fall into three-story constellations: the initial stage (idealized and flat), the exploratory stage (unstable and insufficient) and the renewal stage (thoughtful and far-sighted). Meanwhile, identity construction has also undergone four changes: enthusiast, victim but explorer, and aspirant. These outcomes may offer critical implications for policymakers and teacher educators to recognize and support the professional development of teachers at tutoring institutions amid policy shifts and contextual challenges.