bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro effect of hydroxyethyl starch on coagulation in dogs as assessed by dynamic viscoelastic coagulometry
Authors: Jarrett Keith A. , Dugat Danielle R. , Hanzlicek Andrew S. , Payton Mark E. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 670/0.75 and 6% HES 130/0.4 dilution of canine whole blood on coagulation using dynamic viscoelastic coagulometry (DVC).

ANIMALS
56 healthy adult dogs.

PROCEDURES
2 blood samples were obtained from each dog and randomized to 1 of 7 groups—undiluted or 2 dilutions (1:3 or 1:10) of 3 different fluids: saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, 6% HES 670/0.75, or 6% HES 130/0.4. Dilutions were calculated to simulate approximately a 10- or 30-mL/kg body weight IV bolus of each fluid. DVC was performed on each sample. Coagulation parameters compared between groups included clot rate (CR), platelet function (PF), and activated clotting time.

RESULTS
Dilution with saline solution did not significantly affect coagulation, while dilution with HES 670/0.75 and HES 130/0.4 caused a dose-dependent significant decrease in CR (1:3 HES 670/0.75, P = 0.007; 1:10 HES 670/0.75, P = 0.002; 1:3 HES130/0.4, P < 0.0001; and 1:10 HES 130/0.4, P = 0.0003) and PF (1:3 HES 670/0.75, P < 0.0001; 1:10 HES 670/0.75, P < 0.0001; 1:3 HES130/0.4, P < 0.0001; and 1:10 HES 130/0.4, P = 0.0015).

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Dilution of canine blood with HES 670/0.75 and HES 130/0.4, at clinically relevant doses (10 and 30 mL/kg), led to significant hypocoagulability beyond dilutional effect. This was, in part, due to impaired PF, which was significantly greater with HES 670/0.75. Further research using DVC to assess the effects of HES on coagulation in dogs, ideally with clinical conditions warranting HES administration, is needed.
Comparative veterinary geroscience: mechanism of molecular, cellular, and tissue aging in humans, laboratory animal models, and companion dogs and cats
Authors: McKenzie Brennen A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aging is the single most important cause of disease, disability, and death in companion animal species. Contrary to the common view of aging as mysterious and inevitable, it is more usefully understood as a set of complex but comprehensible and modifiable biological processes that are highly conserved across species. The purpose of this Currents in One Health manuscript is to describe key mechanisms of aging at the cellular and molecular level and the manifestations of these in the tissues of the musculoskeletal system, adipose, and the brain. The characteristics of these processes as identified in common laboratory animal models and in humans will be described and compared with the much more limited information available concerning aging in dogs and cats. This will highlight important targets for future research in these species. The consistent patterns across species in the hallmarks of aging and their manifestations at the level of tissues, organ systems, and individual animals signify potential targets for interventions to mitigate the negative health impacts of aging and extend both life span and health span (the period of life free of significant disease or disability). Further research to elucidate aging mechanisms in companion dogs and cats will eventually support development, testing, and implementation of clinical therapies to prevent and ameliorate age-related dysfunction, disease, and death.
A Comparative Study of Iraqi Patients with Bedsore and other Inpatients as a Control Group
Authors: AlKareem Diyar A. , Al aubydi Mouruj A. 
Published: May 2022

Bedsore (pressure ulcers)is a major nurse-careoutcome. There are many influences that can contribute to the progress of pressure ulcers, but the final common pathway to ulceration is tissue ischemia. This study aimed to detect some etiological factors that predispose to bedsore. The study was conducted on patients attending intensive care departments. Out of 82 inpatients who suffered from pressure ulcer, 54were males and 28were females. Specimens were collected during the period of September, 2019 –February, 2020 from different Hospitals (Alkadhimiya Teaching Hospital, General Hospital of AlshaheedAl-Sadr, and Medical City/ Ghazi Al-Hariri hospital) in Baghdad, Iraq. Simultaneously, other 20 specimens were collected as control frominpatientswho did not suffer from any skin lesion.The patients were categorizing according to the causative agent into 48 patients with chronic diseases (58.6%), 26 with accidental and surgical processes (31.7%), and 8 dehydrated cases (severe diarrhea) (9.7%). The demographic results showed that malesconstituted a percentage of 65.9% of patients, while 34.1% were females. The majority of the patients wereat an age range of 36-65 years. The study also revealed that smoking did not affect significantly bed sore development. In addition, most patients were under chronic disease, and diabetes mellitus incidence significantly varied among different age groups. The results of the microbiological study showed that the most prevalent microbial isolates followed the order Staphylococcus spp.>Enterobacteriaceae spp. > Fungi >Acinetobacter spp. > Bacillus spp. > Pseudomonas spp. and Streptococcus spp. >Corynobacterium. The resultsrevealed no significant differences in microbial distribution between patients and control group.
A non-invasive novel approach for managing digestive tract foreign body ingestion in children
Authors: Balasubramaniam Sayanthan , Abeygunasekara Sanjaya , Arunasalam Ganeshrajah , Suwaminathan Thiruvarangan 
Published: May 2022

Objectives:
The phenomenon of foreign body ingestion (FB) is considered a common scenario in children’s tertiary care clinical settings. This study aimed to assess the sociodemographic factors of ingested FB, and its details and find the efficient clinical outcomes of a novel non-invasive interventional approach for removing FB in children.

Material and Methods:
This was a prospective study of 55 patients in a tertiary care centre, Sri Lanka for 1 year from 2019. The univariate, bivariate analysis, and the Chi-squared test were used to check the relationship between two categorical variables as this study dataset comprises more than 50 observations, where 5% was used as the significance level.

Results:
This study’s mean age was 5.18 ± 3.1 years and the median 5 years. The higher number of ingested FB was metal (88.5%) among this coin (33.3%) recorded the highest contribution and round shape was 62% whereas the ratio between sharp edge and none sharp edge was 1:4. A greater number of children both males (58.3%) and females (30.6%) were managed spontaneously to pass the FB through stool while vomiting (2.78%) was observed only in males. In comparison, the endoscopy removal cases were female (5.56%) and their mean age was 7.7 years.

Conclusion:
There are a number of studies that claim that the management of FB ingestion relatively depends on children’s age, developmental stage, the type of the ingested object, and clinical presentation. However, our study contends that the majority of FB ingestion can be moved spontaneously through stool by applying the noninvasive therapeutic approach without causing clinical complications.
Digital Technologies in the 21st Century Art
Authors: Zaitseva Marina L. , Budagyan Regina R. 
Published: May 2022

The use of digital technologies in musical art influences the process of arousing the audience’s interest in personal control of what is happening on the stage, their involvement and maximum possible immersion in shows, performances, multimedia projects, which affects their psychology, as well as the peculiarities of their perception. This article summarizes the results of a study of the mutual influence of digital technologies and academic musical-instrumental and vocal art.The authors prove that the use of digital technologies in the work of modern musicians, directors and designers contributes to the development of the creative and communicative aspect of musical art; bringing the art of the 21st century to a qualitatively new level; the enrichment of artistic thinking and creative potential of musicians, listeners, spectators, etc.; increasing the mobility and innovativeness of contemporary musical art, which is reflected both in the expansion of the visual and performing aspects of concert performances, and in the increase in the number of listeners and viewers.The article specifies that, unlike modern Japanese musical culture, which is mostly based exclusively on digital technologies, representatives of Russian culture are adherents of academic traditions. Specifically, the main goal of G.V. Filshtinsky’s work, according to the director himself, is to update the very presentation of musical-instrumental and opera art to the youth audience while preserving the classical content and live sound of the works in general.The article substantiates that the fundamental idea of the festival “Digital Opera 2.0. Opera of the Digital Age” is to attract a younger generation of employees and spectators to Russian opera houses. It is no coincidence that the plot and the author’s show projects by G.V. Filshtinsky are based on patriotic themes, which the director, together with his numerous team of professionals, introduces into the performances.The article reveals that the events held within the framework of the First International Festival “Digital Opera 2.0. Opera of the Digital Age” and G. Filshtinsky’s show performances are aimed at solving the fundamental problems of modern society, namely, the preservation, development and popularization of the creative, cultural heritage of the Russian Federation, the formation of patriotic, aesthetic, spiritual growth of the county’s youth audience.
Foreign Experience of State and Private Support for Public Art on the Example of the USA
Authors: Kartseva Ekaterina A. 
Published: May 2022

The article examines the experience of direct and indirect state support for public art in the United States of America. The Russian model of culture financing differs from the Anglo-American one, but, despite completely different historical background and traditions, modern Russia seeks to be integrated into the creative economy, where the difference in approaches to cultural policy is offset by involvement in global processes. The United Nations declared 2021 the International Year of the Creative Economy for Sustainable Development. The agenda of the Government of the Russian Federation include the development of creative industries in the country. Public art is an effective method of building a city’s creative ecosystem.The goals of mass agitation and propaganda were the backbone for the alternative concept of decorating public spaces that existed in the USSR, but, despite the unique system of training artistic personnel and the achievements of Soviet art historians and artists, this approach needs to be rethought in the current cultural environment. The visual culture of urban spaces today receives additional incentives due to the needs of sustainable urban development. At the same time, the search for optimal approaches to the dialogue on this matter between the authorities, the art community, and citizens has been at the stage of self-determination in recent years.The article aims to study the features of support for public art in the United States. The article includes an overview of key American scientific publications on the topic and official materials of the National Endowment for the Arts, the “Art in Architecture” program of the General Services Administration of the US, the governments of the city departments of culture of New York, Chicago, San Jose, data from non-profit organizations and professional associations.Formulated in the conclusions of the article, the management decisions, methods and tools for the public art development, based on the American experience, can be considered as recommendations for the development of public art projects in our country.
Intangible Cultural Heritage: Conceptual Approaches to the Phenomenon Definition
Authors: Kuptsova Irina A. , Sazonova Veronika A. 
Published: May 2022

The article considers the main conceptual approaches to the definition of the phenomenon of intangible cultural heritage in contemporary humanitarian knowledge, in the international institutional and legal discourse of UNESCO, in Russian legislation and cultural policy. Despite the widespread use of the term “intangible cultural heritage” in international cultural practice in the interpretation of the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, national approaches to understanding and theoretical justification of this concept in all three of the above directions differ at the level of fundamental foundations.Structural changes in the Russian cultural sphere and the transition to sustainable development strategies using the potential of intangible cultural heritage led to the transformation of practical aspects of its protection and representation. In this regard, the issues of determining the intangible component of culture and improving the terminological base are an urgent area of research from both theoretical and practical points of view. The article analyzes the main stages of the formation of the term “intangible cultural heritage” in UNESCO’s international activities, the most significant directions of this discourse, its understanding in Russian normative and legal practice (in matters of defining and typologizing heritage, the relationship between its material, spiritual, contextual, spatial and landscape components, authenticity and integrity), as well as its impact on cultural policy and practice of protecting such heritage. In addition, the authors highlight the content and functional approaches to the determination of this phenomenon in social and humanitarian knowledge, examine the basis of the criteria of authenticity, and offer an author’s definition of intangible cultural heritage.
The School of Selected Students in the System of French Academic Art Education of the 18th Century
Authors: Agratina Elena E. 
Published: May 2022

For the first time in Russian historiography, the article reconstructs the history of the School of Selected Students, established in 1747 as an additional link of academic art education. The article uses cultural-historical and socio-psychological approaches. The author refers to the numerous sources of the 18th—19th centuries stored in the National Library of France (Paris): treatises devoted to upbringing and art education in France in the 18th century, protocols of the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture, correspondence of the directors of the French Academy in Rome with the directors of royal buildings. Currently, the National Library of France is actively working on digitizing these and other materials, making them available to researchers around the world. Despite the fact that these sources are generally well known to the world scientific community, they have been extremely rarely referred by Russian researchers, and never in the context considered by the author.The School existed for only 28 years and was a unique pedagogical experiment aimed at preparing the most talented (selected) young artists (laureates of the Prix de Rome) to enter the French Academy in Rome and, in the long term, at forming the elite of the art world.In order to review the School of Selected Students in the system of French academic art education, the author solves the following research tasks: consistently reconstructs all the circumstances of the School’s foundation and organization, reveals its creators’ intentions, and also explains the position of its opponents, who, with their constant attacks, created a tense discussion field around the existence of this educational institution. In addition, the article identifies the names of major artists who left the School of Selected Students; examines its internal structure, charter, features of the educational process; defines the circle of people who were engaged in teaching; establishes which books were available to students. The author pays attention to the School’s everyday life: the relationship between students and mentors, discipline, daily routine, financial difficulties. The results obtained allow us to conclude that this experiment was successful, and explain why the School of Selected Students was closed without having existed for 30 years, despite the obvious successes of its graduates.
FEATURES OF MEASURING THE DIAMETERS OF FOCUSED BEAMS OF HIGH-POWER LASER RADIATION
Authors: Андреев П.А. , Мануйлович И.С. , Сидорюк О.Е. 
Published: May 2022

Описан метод измерения диаметра сфокусированного пучка мощного лазерного излучения, который может применяться в индустриальных и биомедицинских технологиях, основанных на взаимодействии интенсивного лазерного излучения с веществом. Предложенный подход основан на анализе треков, наблюдаемых при прохождении лазерного излучения через оптические элементы из материалов с наличием слабого, но заметного рассеяния. В качестве них могут быть успешно использованы образцы наноструктурированных стеклокерамик СО-115М (Astrositall), Zerodur, или Cleaceram.Показано, что математическая обработка регистрируемых цифровых изображений может рассматриваться аналогом стандартизованной методики, в которой измерение диаметра лазерного пучка основано на перемещении перпендикулярно его оси узкой щелевой диафрагмы с анализом интенсивности проходящего излучения. Отличительной особенностью предложенного способа является отказ от процедуры сканирования. Пошаговый сбор данных заменен одномоментной регистрацией аналогичного распределения значений сигналов в последовательности пикселей каждой строки фотоприемной матрицы, фиксирующей картину бокового рассеяния. Результатом является повышение точности измерений в силу исключения факторов нестабильности во времени как интенсивности лазерного излучения, так и пространственного положения сфокусированного пучка.
A method for measuring the diameter of a focused beam of high-power laser radiation is described, which can be used in industrial and biomedical technologies based on the interaction of intense laser radiation with matter. The proposed approach is based on the analysis of tracks observed when laser radiation passes through optical elements made of materials with weak but noticeable scattering. Samples of nanostructured glass ceramics SO-115M (Astrositall), Zerodur, or Cleaceram can be successfully used as them.It is shown that the mathematical processing of the recorded digital images can be considered an analogue of the standardized technique, in which the measurement of the laser beam diameter is based on the movement of a narrow slit diaphragm perpendicular to its axis with the analysis of the intensity of the transmitted radiation. At the same time, a distinctive feature of the proposed method is the rejection of the scanning procedure. Step-by-step data collection is replaced by one-step registration of a similar distribution of signal values in the sequence of pixels of each row of the photodetector matrix, which records the side scatter pattern. The result of this is an increase in the measurement accuracy due to the elimination of the instability factors in time of both the laser radiation intensity and the spatial position of the focused beam.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE REACTIVITY OF THE SYSTEM ARTERIAL PRESSURE AND PERIPHERAL TONE ON ADRENALINE AFTER 10 DAYS OF ADAPTATION TO THE COLD
Authors: Ананьев В.Н. , Прокопьев Н.Я. , Ананьев Г.В. , Семизоров Е.А. , Ананьева О.В. , Гуртовой Е.С. 
Published: May 2022

В данной работе проведен анализ адренореактивности системного артериального давления и периферической реактивности артерий задней конечности кролика на различные дозы адреналина после адаптации животных к холоду в течение десяти дней. Наши исследования доказали, что после адаптации к холоду повышение артериального давления на возрастающие дозы адреналина снижается. Напротив, сокращение артерий после холода было больше, чем в контроле. Проведенное исследование показало, что реактивность артериального давления изменяется противоположно реактивности периферических артерий при действии холода. Это может внести существенный вклад в механизмы анализа действия различных лекарственных препаратов, действующих на адренергические рецепторы сердечно сосудистой системы при адаптации организма к холоду.
In this paper, the analysis of the adrenoreactivity of systemic blood pressure and peripheral reactivity of the arteries of the rabbit’s hind limb to various doses of adrenaline after animals adapt to the cold for ten days was carried out. Our studies have proven that after adapting to the cold, the increase in blood pressure decreases with increasing doses of adrenaline. On the contrary, the contraction of the arteries after the cold was greater than in the control. The study showed that the reactivity of blood pressure changes in contrast to the reactivity of peripheral arteries under the action of cold. This can make a significant contribution to the mechanisms of analysis of the action of various drugs acting on the adrenergic receptors of the cardiovascular system when the body adapts to cold.
Langue, État, Nation: le modèle politique
Authors: Auroux Sylvain 
Published: May 2022

L’originalité des théories juridiques et politiques occidentales tient essentiellement aux conceptions contractualistes, elles-mêmes issues des interprétations consensualistes du droit développées au 16ème siècle. Nos organisations démocratiques et notre conception de l’État en sont profondément imprégnées. Le Contrat Social de Rousseau est un ouvrage fondateur dont les principes mêmes n’ont pu être remis en cause par les théoriciens de la nation au 19ème siècle. L’État ainsi conçu comme une entité abstraite de construction conventionnelle et reposant sur le consentement individuel ; il s’oppose aux conceptions organicistes de la nation, telles que l’Europe les a connues à partir du romantisme allemand. Nous retrouvons facilement cette opposition dans les théories linguistiques. Il en résulte chez les contractualistes un rapport à la langue qui n’est susceptible de soutenir ni le nationalisme, ni le racisme linguistique.
Le problème de la langue et de la nation albanaise (19ème-20ème siècle)
Authors: Samara Miço 
Published: May 2022

Jusqu’à présent il n’y a pas encore eu d’étude particulière, au plan théorique et pratique, sur les rapports réciproques entre la langue et la nation albanaise, sur les facteurs objectifs et subjectifs, politiques, sociaux et culturels (intérieurs et extérieurs), qui aille dans le sens d’une telle corrélation, ainsi que sur la spécificité de cette corrélation.
Ces problèmes seront traités dans cet exposé en les reprenant par période historiques : 1) durant la Renaissance albanaise (19ème siècle), 2) après la proclamation de l’Indépendance (1912), 3) après la Deuxième Guerre Mondiale (pendant le régime communiste) et 4) aujourd’hui, après l’établissement de la démocratie pluraliste en Albanie.
Trubetzkoy, Jakobson et la France, 1919-1939
Authors: Chevalier Jean-Claude 
Published: May 2022

Jean-Claude CHEVALIER (CNRS-URA 381) : «Trubetzkoy, Jakobson and France, 1919-1939»
As soon as he started working in Bulgaria, Trubetskoy was welcome in the Société de linguistique de Paris by Meillet ; thanks to him, Trubetzkoy was to publish many papers in French in the Société and in the Revue des Etudes slaves, etc. He enjoyed a great scientific prestige in France until his death. On the other hand, the reception Jakobson got in France, from 1926 on, was more suspicious, and became later clearly hostile. Nonetheless, L. Tesnière, a specialist of the Slovene language, a Professor of the Faculty of Arts in Strasbourg, established strong and confiding links with Jakobson. Both linguists exchanged theirs books and reviews. They kept friendly relationships till 1940 and later on.