bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The study on potential use of RAP in WMA pavement layers with the inclusion of Basalt Fibers for the effect of mechanical and moisture Performance
Authors: Mamatha A. , Ramesh A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pavement engineers are facing difficulties for optimizing the use of natural resources and minimizing the consumption fuel involved in the manufacturing process of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). As a matter of fact the preparation of HMA involves in the release of harmful gases and to prevent, researches are working towards improving the environmental effects. Warm mix asphalt (WMA) is one of the solutions to increase the pavement performance with a concern to environmental effects that has gained a lot of popularity. In the present study, laboratory investigations were carried for the evaluation of laboratory prepared WMA mixes containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavements (RAP) and with the inclusion of fiber at different proportion. This method of mix modification will not only lower the energy consumption but also reduce the release of harmful gases as observed in HMA mix proportions. Nevertheless the above mix combinations are intended to achieve sustainable pavement construction practices. The purpose of this research is to look into the effect of using RAP in modified mixes on mechanical and durability proportions in order to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of BC grade-2 WMA mixtures.. In this work, the effectiveness of basalt fibre modified bitumen mixtures was also examined using fibre in various amounts. Compaction test on binder modification, moisture damage, indirect tensile strength tests, and Marshall test effects on RAP, WMA mixes were used to assess the performance of binder modification, RAP, and fibre modified mixes. The laboratory test results indicated that the asphaltene proportions were shown better results at 3%WMA binder prepared with sasobit, a wax compound. The WMA asphalt mix prepared with RAP at 20% and with 0.6% of basalt fiber has provided better performance compared with the WMA mixes alone. This will certainly minimize the environmental effects through energy reduction and improved mechanical properties along with the durability performance.
Inelastic response of two-pile group under moment loading
Authors: Narasimharao Battina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Shallow foundations are mostly used in transmitting loads from the superstructure to the supporting soils. In several cases, these footings are subjected to moment loading such as vertical load and bending moment due to wind and earthquake. The main objective of the present investigation is to find out the load-displacement response of group of two piles subjected to pure moment loading in sand bed without any reinforcement. The advantage of model study is that the pertinent parameters influencing the behaviour of 2-pile group embedded in sand can be controlled easily as per the requirement. In addition, the cost of carrying out model investigations is quite less and convenience is more compared to field tests. Therefore, model study is adopted in the present investigation. The relevant parameters considered for the study are (a) dimensions of the pile models (l/d ratios), (b) Relative density conditions, (c) spacing between piles (s/d ratios).
Geo technical Laboratory Evaluation of Construction Demolition Recycled Material for Road Embankments
Authors: Shivaprasad H. , Kommu Suresh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The recycling of construction demolition waste material has already become a prime focus under sustainable technologies and innovations across the globe. A report announced by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), Delhi, in August 2020 stated, India generates approximately 150 million tons of construction demolition waste every year and recycles only 1%. The rest remains strewn across, in landfills causing air contamination and water tainting. Whereas “The United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA)” approximated that 600 million tons of construction waste had been generated in 2016 in the USA, around 75% of the waste was recycled and also used effectively. The present paper focuses on predicting the suitability of recycled construction demolition waste material for road embankment and comparing its characteristics with conventional embankment materials. The Guidelines given by IRC and BIS were following to predict the feasibility of recycled construction demolition waste as fill material for road embankment. Laboratory results indicated the suitability of recycled construction demolition waste material for road embankments. This study probed a single source of construction demolition waste with one particular gradation as it can significantly alter the properties and suitability requirements.
Analysis of water quality parameters of Tadakaleru stream from Anantapuramu City to Singanamala Tank – A case study
Authors: Partha Praveen L , Kumar Palla Charan , Lakshmi Shireesha D , Aparna K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Water is an important component of human life. His existence and growth are inextricably connected to water. Water is utilised for human necessities such as drinking, washing, bathing, cooking, and so on. Irrigation and industry both require water for the production of food and other necessities. Sewage and waste industrial effluents are being mixed with fresh water streams in many areas throughout the world, affecting humans, animals, and plants. Anantapuramu is a significant city in the Rayalaseema area of Andhra Pradesh. It has a population of about 5 lakh people. Singanamala is a village in Anantapur district with a population of 10,000 people. Untreated sewage from Anantapuramu runs for 12 kilometres in the Tadakaleru stream before arriving to Singanamala Tank. People in Singanamala village utilise the water stored in the Singanamala tank for irrigation and drinking. In other words, Anantapuramu’s sewage provides fresh water to the inhabitants of Singanamala. By sampling at regular intervals, the current study intends to analyse the water quality characteristics of the Tadakaleru stream from the site of confluence of sewage from Anantapuramu to Singanamala tank. The ability of the Tadakaleru stream to purify itself will be tested. The quality of the groundwater is also examined. At present the sewage of Anantapur is being self-purified in Tadakaleru stream. In mere future, for increased population sewage treatment plant is necessary to treat the sewage of Anantapur town.
Optimal reservoir release policy integrating irrigation scheduling
Authors: Annavarapu Srinivasa Prasad , Kamatapu Leela Krishna , Ramamurthy Chandra Mohan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In many irrigation systems, water plays a critical role for agricultural production as it is limited and variable. Important aspect of water management includes optimal allocation of water for irrigation to various crops grown under each canal of a reservoir considering the yield response to water deficit. In general, multi crops are grown under a canal system in the same season necessitating the allocation of water to each crop considering crop water requirement and yield response to deficits. In view of the deficits of water especially in dry seasons, importance of development of optimization models for allocation of water is recognised and being implemented from the last few decades. A Linear Programming model is formulated integrating fortnight reservoir releases with irrigation scheduling in a multi-crop environment considering root-zone soil moisture dynamics, yield response to water deficit and reservoir storage continuity minimizing reduction in crop yield. The Model formulated is demonstrated through a case-study of Gundlakamma Reservoir, India and results obtained are presented.
Assessment of Runoff and Sediment Yield using Routing Model
Authors: Sundara Kumar P 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The assessment of runoff from rainfall and sediment yield is essential for management and conservation of water availability and can also apply for several applications of hydrology. The technique of Sediment routing has been evolve to route the sediment yield from a selected area which was divided into five sub-basins at Anakapalli station. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technique are used to find the parameters and develop the routing model. The data related to factors of Runoff (R), Soil erodibility (K), Topographic (LS), crop management (C) and conservation practice for development of the model. In order to affirm the overall performance of the routing technique for the take a look at area, the release and sediment yield records from the Anakapalli gauging station has been collected for 28 rainfall days January 2020 to October 2020. locate at the records amassed, to compute the sediment yield from Routing technique. Measured sediment yield from selected point has been validated to the routing sediment yield from the selected basin. The effect of sediment yield has been evaluate herewith of calculated data and it is establish that coefficient of resolve (R2) are 0.96 and Efficiency of Nash Sutcliffe (ENS) of 96.19 for Routing model is performing well for the studied basin, it is effectively used for assessment of sediment yield in the selected place
Analysis of precast box section of a bridge for different span lengths
Authors: Harinkhede Pragya D , Harne Varsha R 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the present scenario, Minor bridges over small rivers have become necessary for the nation’s development to connect the country’s most remote corners. In this paper initially, 30 m of Minor Multi-cell Box type Bridge with different number of precast sections along with the different types of load such as Dead Load, Live Load, Super Imposed Dead Load, Earth pressure, and vehicle load such as Class “A” vehicle, 70R bogie vehicle, 70R Wheeled vehicle, 70R Tracked vehicle, as per IRC is analyzed. Also, various Load Combinations are applied to bridge structure such as limit state of collapse and limit state of serviceability, for accurate results of Bending Moment and Shear Force critical sections are marked. The aim and objective of the work are to analyze and design the different span lengths 3.43, 4, 4.8,6,8 m of box sections for the Indian Road Congress Code (i.e. IRC 6-2017 and IRC 112-2011). This has been done by analyzing the structure using software STADD PRO V8i. And design validating with manual results by developing the Microsoft Excel Sheet. From analysis and discussion, it is concluded that 5 sections of 4.8 m span which give better results and minimum cost compared to other section.
Study on Dynamic Behaviour of Irregular R.C Framed Structures with Different Location of Shear Walls
Authors: Arshiya Firdose H M , Shashi Kumar A , Narayana G , Narendra B K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the recent researches it was found to be the most appropriate loads resisting system in recent and present years is shear walls system. In the high rise building shear walls are of the most achievable and hence commonly used lateral load resisting components. It is supplied in building from foundation level to through the height of the building. The scope of the present work is to find the optimum location of the shear walls in plan irregular structures with shear walls such as in I frame, L frame, T frame for different zones in G+17 stories each storey height of 3.2 m, Shear walls are given at corners and at periphery of the building. And also, the outcome of results in seismic zones as per IS CODE 1893(Part1): 2016 has been presented. The seismic analysis performed is linear dynamic response spectrum analysis utilizing the well-known analysis and design software ETABS 18.1.0. Seismic performance of the building has been examined based on specification such as storey displacement, Storey drift, Storey Shear, Base shear, Time period of modes.
Application of refined mixed finite element model for analysis of laminated composite beams
Authors: Patel Kamal S , Ramtekkar G D 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Analysis of laminated composite members is always a critical phenomenon. To address this issue, the authors developed the six nodes two dimensional refined mixed finite element model (r-MFEM) for accurate analysis of laminated composite beam. This model has transverse stress σZ
and τxz
as primary variables along with displacement u and w. Equilibrium equations are used to refine the variation of primary variables in the formulation. In the present paper, various laminated composite beams have been analysed by the six nodes two-dimensional r-MFEM element to show the model’s versatility. The results obtained has been compared with the other author’s work.
Comparative Study on Slab Deflections
Authors: Devi Priyanka M , Ramesh V 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Slabs are one of the most common structural components in RC-framed structures, usually analysed under transverse loading. In the analysis, the thickness of the slab generally governs the serviceability requirement for deflection. The thickness of the slab controls the weight of the building since its contribution is nearly 50% of the total weight of the building. In order to minimize the weight of the building, proper analysis of the slab ensures minimum thickness satisfying deflection criteria. For a given loading, span, and assumed thickness of the slab, analysis will be performed using the material properties such as modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio. Several theories, including the Rankine-Grashoff theory, Timoshenko’s plate theory, Marcus, and other methods have been proposed over the years using the same concept. These methods do not consider the participation of reinforcement in deflection estimation. IS code 456 – 2016 specifies limiting span to depth ratios with suitable modification factors based on percentage of tension reinforcement and stress level in steel for satisfactory serviceability criteria of deflection. In the present study, an attempt was made to compare the slab deflections analytically and experimentally with and without reinforcement contribution for the exactness of proposed theories. It concludes that, in one-way simply supported slabs, theoretical values differ by 45% from experimental values in reinforced concrete (RC) slabs. In two-way simply supported plain concrete (PC) slabs, the Rankine-Grashoff theory is in good agreement with the experimental values. Theoretical values of the two-way slabs when compared with experimental (RC slab) values are in good agreement with plate theory.
Seismic Behavior of Flat Slab for Optimum Location of Bracings
Authors: Pooja H S , Shashikumar N V , Narayan G , Narendra B K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
As increasing population necessity of the land required to build a structures is keep on decreasing so that high rise structures are everywhere. Use of flat slab in high rise structure has many advantages compared to RC conventional slab system. To increase the lateral resistivity of the flat slab building, diagonal type buckling restrained braces are provided at the corners. The main objective is to know about the Seismic behavior of flat slab with BRB for different re-entrant corner irregularities(Plus, T, L), using nonlinear time history analysis with help of ETABS software. 20storey flat slab drop panel building with BRB is modelled and analyzed in zone III. Comparing the different re-entrant irregularity buildings with and without bracings. Plus shape flat slab with bracing building shows better performance compared to all other models with respects to various parameters such as lateral displacement. Storey drift, storey stiffness, base shear and time period.
Comparison of RCC and Post-Tensioned Flat Slabs Using ETABS
Authors: Satwika Vanteddu , Jaiswal Mohit 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Flat slabs are widely used nowadays. The system’s insufficient punching shear capacity is a major and serious flaw. There are numerous approaches to increasing the punching shear strength of concrete slabs to solve the problem of punching failure. Increasing the thickness of the slab adjacent to the column, as well as the thickness of the column, contradicts the architectural intent. In developing countries such as India, the benefits of prestressing, particularly post-tensioning, have yet to be recognized. In this study, the technique of post-tensioning is used to strengthen a flat slab. RCC flat slabs are compared to post-tensioned flab slabs with different tendon profiles. Tendons are available in two forms: distributed and banded. The models were built as per ACI 318-14. These slab models were created using ETABS software, and the following parameters were compared: thickness, supporting reactions, punching shear, and deflection. When compared to traditional flat slabs. The results indicate that post-tensioned flat slabs have a higher punching shear capacity even at shallower depths, resulting in more cost-effective sections. The provision of tendons also results in lower deflection.
Origin and avoidance of double peaks in the induced voltage of a thermomagnetic generator for harvesting low-grade waste heat
Authors: Dzekan Daniel , Kischnik Tim D , Diestel Anett , Nielsch Kornelius , Fähler Sebastian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thermomagnetic harvesting is an emerging approach used to convert low-grade waste heat to electricity, which recently obtained a boost due to the development of both more efficient functional materials and innovative device concepts. Here, we examine a thermomagnetic generator which utilizes gadolinium as the thermomagnetic material and report on the double peaks of the induced voltage. Using a combination of experiments and theory we show that these double peaks originate from the interaction between an asymmetric magnetization curve and a pretzel-like magnetic field topology. Double peaks are detrimental for the output power and can be avoided by matching the magnetization change by adjusting the cold and hot fluid flow.
Intensity of COVID-19 in care homes following hospital discharge in the early stages of the UK epidemic
Authors: Hollinghurst Joe , North Laura , Emmerson Chris , Akbari Ashley , Torabi Fatemeh , Williams Chris , Lyons Ronan A , Hawkes Alan G , Bennett Ed , Gravenor Mike B , Fry Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
defining features of the COVID-19 pandemic in many countries were the tragic extent to which care home residents were affected and the difficulty in preventing the introduction and subsequent spread of infection. Management of risk in care homes requires good evidence on the most important transmission pathways. One hypothesised route at the start of the pandemic, prior to widespread testing, was the transfer of patients from hospitals that were experiencing high levels of nosocomial events.

Methods
we tested the hypothesis that hospital discharge events increased the intensity of care home cases using a national individually linked health record cohort in Wales, UK. We monitored 186,772 hospital discharge events over the period from March to July 2020, tracking individuals to 923 care homes and recording the daily case rate in the homes populated by 15,772 residents. We estimated the risk of an increase in case rates following exposure to a hospital discharge using multi-level hierarchical logistic regression and a novel stochastic Hawkes process outbreak model.

Findings
in regression analysis, after adjusting for care home size, we found no significant association between hospital discharge and subsequent increases in care home case numbers (odds ratio: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.82, 1.90). Risk factors for increased cases included care home size, care home resident density and provision of nursing care. Using our outbreak model, we found a significant effect of hospital discharge on the subsequent intensity of cases. However, the effect was small and considerably less than the effect of care home size, suggesting the highest risk of introduction came from interaction with the community. We estimated that approximately 1.8% of hospital discharged patients may have been infected.

Interpretation
there is growing evidence in the UK that the risk of transfer of COVID-19 from the high-risk hospital setting to the high-risk care home setting during the early stages of the pandemic was relatively small. Although access to testing was limited to initial symptomatic cases in each care home at this time, our results suggest that reduced numbers of discharges, selection of patients and action taken within care homes following transfer all may have contributed to the mitigation. The precise key transmission routes from the community remain to be quantified.
Seasonal patterns of increases in stem girth, vessel development, and hydraulic function in deciduous tree species
Authors: Valdovinos-Ayala Jessica , Robles Catherine , Fickle Jaycie C , Pérez-de-Lis Gonzalo , Pratt R Brandon , Jacobsen Anna L 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe onset of spring growth and vessel formation were examined within three deciduous woody plant species, Acer rubrum, Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa and Quercus rubra. We were broadly interested in the lag between the onset of girth expansion and the formation of mature and hydraulically conductive vessels within the new xylem.MethodsDendrometers were installed on 20 trees (6–7 per species), and expansion of both bole and distal stems was monitored throughout the growing season in a common garden. For each species, four to six distal stems were harvested every other week for anatomical examination of vessel formation. Additionally, for Populus and Quercus, hydraulic conductivity measurements and active xylem staining were completed on all stem samples.Key ResultsFor all three species, the timing of girth expansion was similar. Expansion of distal branches occurred 12–37 d earlier than that of the bole. Vessel formation initiated several weeks prior to leaf-out, but no new earlywood vessels were mature at the time of bud break for Acer and Populus and only a few were present in Quercus. Initial stem girth expansion occurred 2 to &gt;6 weeks before the maturation of the first current-year vessels, and there was an additional delay of up to 4 weeks before mature vessels became hydraulically functional. Hydraulic conductivity was strongly correlated with the number and diameter of stained vessels.ConclusionsBud break and leaf expansion relied predominantly on water supplied by vessels formed during prior seasons. Early-season activity is likely affected by the function of older xylem vessels and the environmental factors that influence their structure and function. Understanding the functional lifespan of vessels and the varying contributions of new and older vessels to conductivity are critical to understanding of the phenology and vascular function of long-lived woody plants in response to changing climates.