bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social phobia and other syndroms in late-onset psychosis
Authors: Pochueva V. , Savina M. , Sheshenin V. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAnxiety disorders are frequent comorbidity in patients with schizophrenia. Their frequency in late-onset psychosis is unknown.ObjectivesWe aimed to study life-time anxiety disorders as well as other psychiatric pathology in patients with late-onset schizophrenia (LoS) and late-onset delusional disorder (LoDD).Methods42 patients with LoS (age 64,1±9,2, 12% males) and 15 patients with LoDD (n=15; age 69,9±10,9, 14% males ) underwent clinical assessment (PANSS, HDRS-17), cognitive examination (MMSE, MoCA), structured interviewing on life-time pathology. Control group included 24 subjects with no signs of depression or psychosis (age 58,1±10,8, 50% males). Kruscal-Wallis and χ2statistic was used.ResultsPatients with LoS and LoDD had higher frequency of social phobia (50% and 30% compared to 16,7 in control group, χ2 (2)= 6,834, p= 0,033) and more animal phobias (KW χ2 (2)=15,536, p<0,001). The number of habitual anxiety reaction was increased in LoS but not LoDD patients compared to controls (KW χ2 (2)=7,275, p= 0,026) with more severe motor (KW χ2 (2)=8,516, p= 0,014), vegetative (KW χ2 (2)=8,633, p= 0,013 and ideatory symptoms (KW χ2 (2)=6,969, p= 0,031) of anxiety. There was no group difference in life-time frequency of depression. Patients and controls had similar rate of complicated grief, but controls had often no reaction in response to loss and LoS patients responded to loss with manifestation of psychosis (χ2 (6)= 14,473, p= 0,025).ConclusionsSocial phobia and other anxiety disorders are frequent in late-onset psychosis. Symptoms of generalized anxiety are more specific to LoS than to LoDD.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
‘MALADAPTIVE DAYDREAMING’: An introduction to a new condition
Authors: Thorburn C. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDaydreaming is a normal, very common experience in childhood and adulthood. However, a new phenomenon – termed ‘Maladaptive Daydreaming (MD)’ – which takes daydreaming to an extreme form, is currently being investigated. Maladaptive Daydreaming is not listed as an official disorder in the ICD-10 or DSM-5 presently.ObjectivesTo review current literature on MD and explore whether MD could be acknowledged and classified as a real psychiatric disorder.MethodsData gathered via academic papers found through reliable sites, such as, Ovid, PubMed and Cochrane; through articles, videos and online forums to gather patients’ perspectives.ResultsThere is enough information and literature available to create specific criteria to qualify a diagnosis of MD in patients. Possible aetiologies of Maladaptive Daydreaming have been identified. There has also been exploration into treatment options.ConclusionsThere is sufficient evidence for Maladaptive Daydreaming to be classified as an official disorder. Being included in the ICD-10 and DSM-5 would motivate research, expand identification of this disorder in patients, and advance access to help and support for patients.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Examining the association between personality traits and university faculty: a web-survey among Italian students
Authors: Ciancio A. , Fusar-Poli L. , Gabbiadini A. , Saitta G. , Signorelli M.S. , Aguglia E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe influence of personality on field of study choice is comparable to that of cognitive skills. Additionally, personality traits seem linked with academic motivation, and engagement. Choosing the most suitable career is also related to students’ personal well-being and work success.ObjectivesTo explore how personality traits are associated with the choice of university courses among Italian students.MethodsA web-survey was spread on social networks between March and June 2020 through Google Forms. Eligibility criteria for inclusion were: 1) Being a university student between 18 and 35 years of age; 2) Attending a course in an Italian university; 3) Good comprehension of Italian language. On-line informed consent, socio-demographic, and career data were collected during the survey. Personality traits were assessed using the Big Five Inventory
(BFI). We computed multinomial linear regressions to calculate potential associations between personality traits and university courses.ResultsLower Conscientiousness, higher Neuroticism, and higher Openness to experience are associated with the attendance of Humanities compared with students of Health faculties. Higher Neuroticism traits are associated with the attendance of a scientific course compared with Health faculties. High Conscientiousness is significantly associated with the attendance of Law-related courses compared with Health courses. Non significant differences were detected in the other domains according to the big five personality model.ConclusionsOur results suggest interesting associations between personality traits and educational choices. Future research may investigate this relationship in high-school students to implement appropriate strategies for better addressing students’ educational needs and career outcomes.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Deep learning approach to evaluate sex differences in response to neuromodulation in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Seenivasan S. , Adamson M. , Phillips A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionIdentifying the factors that mediate treatment response to rTMS in MDD patients can guide clinicians to administer more appropriate, reliable, and personalized interventions.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to investigate sex differences in response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients.MethodsIn this paper, we developed a novel pipeline based on convolutional LSTM-based deep learning (DL) to classify 25 female and 25 male subjects based on their rTMS treatment response.ResultsFive different classification models were generated, namely pre/post-rTMS female (model 1), pre/post-rTMS male (model 2), pre-rTMS female responder vs. pre-rTMS female non-responders (model 3), pre-rTMS male responder vs. pre-rTMS male non-responder (model 4), and pre-rTMS responder vs. non-responder of both sexes (model 5), achieving 93.3%, 98%, 95.2%, 99.2%, and 96.6% overall test accuracy, respectively.ConclusionsThese results indicate the potential of our approach to be used as a response predictor especially regarding sex-specific antidepressant effects of rTMS in MDD patients.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Comorbidities and treatment of somatoform disorders before switching to DSM-5 and ICD-11: what to consider
Authors: Marinescu R. , Fadgyas Stanculete M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSomatoform disorders, previously diagnosed according to DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10, are shifting towards somatic symptom disorder in DSM-V and bodily distress disorder in ICD-11.ObjectivesBefore using the current criteria, because the new diagnostic entities can identify a larger pool of patients with various physical complaints and diagnoses, it is essential to consider the physical and psychiatric comorbidities that have an important role in deciding the pharmacological treatment.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study on a group of 169 patients previously diagnosed with a type of somatoform disorder and hospitalized between January 2015 - January 2021 in a psychiatric emergency hospital in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.ResultsMale:female ratio was 1:1.41. The mean age was 52.35±13.3 years, the mean period of hospitalization was 12±5.39 days. 54% of patients lived in urban areas, and almost half of them were married. Most patients were not professionally active and did not receive a superior education. Most patients had one hospitalization and had at least one physical and one psychiatric comorbidity. The most frequent somatic comorbidities were: cardiovascular, metabolic, rheumatological, gastrointestinal, endocrinological, and neurological, and the most frequent psychiatric ones were: depressive, personality, anxiety, neurocognitive, and substance use disorders. The most frequent type of somatoform disorders were: undifferentiated somatoform disorder and somatization disorder. Regarding psychiatric treatment, antidepressants, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, and hypnotics were used. No correlations were observed between the presence of depressive or anxiety disorders and somatic comorbidities.ConclusionsICD and DSM need to clarify diagnostic criteria and develop therapeutical guidelines for this type of patient.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Relationship between attitude towards vaccination against COVID-19 and psychological characteristics of personality
Authors: Boyko O. , Medvedeva T. , Enikolopov S. , Vorontsova O. , Kazmina O. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionVaccination is an effective way to control the infection. COVID-19 is a new disease, and so is the vaccine against it.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to investigate psychological characteristics associated with attitude towards vaccination.MethodsAn online survey was used (N=1336) (31.03.2020–9.02.2021). Respondents completed COPE, «Moral dilemmas» (30 Green’s Dilemmas, 10 of each type) and decided which strategy to stop the pandemic they found the effective (vaccination, herb immunity, innovative treatment or simply waiting until it fades away on its own). The study analyzed groups of those who see the benefits of vaccination and those who do not consider vaccination as a way to solve the problem of coronavirus.Results«Vaccination» attitude is more typical for men, for younger people and is also associated with assessment of COVID-19 as a dangerous disease (61% versus 21% for «vaccination» and «no vaccination» groups respectively), more diligent compliance with anti-epidemic rules (3,7 and 2,9 mean number of protection methods used), at the same time, the “vaccination” group responds about the less inconvenience associated with restrictions during the pandemic. This social attitude is associated with «need for creativity» and constructive coping: «planning», «concentration on emotions», the use of instrumental and emotional social support. There is a difference in personal moral choices (3,6 versus 2,9 for «vaccination» and «no vaccination» groups respectively), that demonstrated that positive attitude towards vaccination signifies an active personal position.ConclusionsPositive attitude towards vaccination is associated with a proactive personal position and involvement in social interaction using interpersonal coping strategies.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Psychiatric care in Croatia during COVID-19 lockdown and earthquake: significant decrease in admissions to University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce in Zagreb
Authors: Polšek D. , Botica A. , Sabo T. , Baković M. , Marinović V. , Arbanas G. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has had an enormous impact on both physical and mental health of people around the world.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate the number and characteristics of people seeking emergency psychiatric help during combined psychosocial stressful events in March 2020.MethodsData for 3927 patients seeking emergency psychiatric help were collected and analyzed for the months preceding, during and after lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic and concomitant earthquake that took place on 22nd March 2020 in Zagreb, and compared with the same months of 2019.ResultsA significant decrease in both the number of visits and admissions to the hospital was found for the month of lockdown. There was a significant decrease in the number of out-patients visits and day hospital admissions. Compared with other months, more women and younger patients sought help. There was a significant rise in the number of patients presenting with suicidal thoughts, as well as a larger percentage of involuntary admissions.ConclusionsOverall less people sought psychiatric help in the face of an unpredictable acute threat, which was interpreted in the light of prioritizing fear of infection over mental health issues. Alternatively, it is possible that people threatened with immediate danger mobilize short- term compensatory psychological resources which help deal with or put off mental illness. This research was conducted as part of the project of the Croatian Science Foundation CORONA-04-2086 Life in the time of COVID-19-social implications on the security and well-being of vulnerable groups in the European context.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Prognostic Accuracy of DSM-5 Attenuated Psychotic Symptoms in Adolescents: Prospective Real-World 5-year Cohort Study
Authors: Iorio M. , Coci C. , Ballante E. , Fusar-Poli P. , Borgatti R. , Mensi M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThere is limited research in adolescent at risk for psychosis. The new criteria of Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome (APS) of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- 5 (DSM-5) have not been validated.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to: 1) characterize adolescent’s profile with APS (DSM-5 APS) compared to adolescents with early onset psychosis (EOP) and with other psychiatric disorders (non-APS); 2) to estimate their long-term risk of transition to psychosis and prognostic accuracy of DSM-5
APS.Methods243 adolescents, aged 12-17, were included (October 2012-
July 2019) and dived in three sub-groups (110 DSM-5 APS, 31 EOP, 102 non-APS). All underwent a comprehensive assessment evaluating: sociodemographic characteristics, family and personal history of any DSM-5 psychiatric disorders, psychopathological assessment and level of functioning. An annual follow-up evaluation was carried out (up to 7 years) including a clinical interview to investigate DSM-5 criteria for transition to psychosis.ResultsDSM-5 APS adolescents had on average higher comorbid disorders (2.3) and intermediate psychopathological and functioning profile between non-APS/EOP. The cumulative risk of transition at 1,2,3, 4-5 years was 13%, 17%, 24.2%, 26.8% and 26.8% in DSM-5 APS group, 0%, 0%, 3.2%, 3.2% and 3.2% in the non-APS. The 5-year prognostic accuracy of the DSM-5 APS in adolescent was adequate (Area Under the Curve=0.77) with high sensitivity (91.3%) and suboptimal specificity (63.2%).ConclusionsThe DSM-5 APS diagnosis can be used to detect help-seeking adolescents at risk of psychosis and predict their long-term outcomes, leading the way to new preventive approaches.DisclosureThe authors declare that they do not have a significant financial interest, consultancy or other relationship with products, manufacturer(s) of products or providers of services related to this abstrac.
Exploring DNA methylation within the CYP17A gene as a potential mediator between childhood adversity and stress-related phenotypes in schizophrenia
Authors: Alfimova M. , Kondratyev N. , Golov A. , Gabaeva M. , Plakunova V. , Golimbet V. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionStress caused by childhood adversity (CA) is known to contribute to schizophrenia risk and symptoms. Its effects might be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms, specifically DNA methylation (meDNA) within relevant genes, and predominantly influence the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC). CYP17A1 is a candidate, as it situates within a schizophrenia risk locus and is involved in glucocorticoid synthesis.ObjectivesTo explore meDNA within CYP17A and its relations to hippocampus- and PFC-dependent schizophrenia symptoms: depression and deficits of declarative memory and executive functions.MethodsWe assessed meDNA at each CpG within a CYP17A fragment (chr10:104594471-104595887, hg19) in blood of 66 schizophrenia patients using the third-generation sequencing. Immediate memory, depression, cognitive shifting and cognitive inhibition (CI) were assessed with the RAVLT, PANSS, TMT-B and Stroop word-color test, respectively. ANCOVA and regression models adjusted for sex and age were applied to explore the relations between the phenotypes, local haplotype, meDNA and CA, defined as the presence of parental alcoholism or psychiatric illness.ResultsMeDNA at CpG-SNP rs3781286 correlated with CI (corrected p=0.01). However, there were no main or interaction effects of CA either on meDNA at this site or on CI. Both CI and meDNA associated with haplotype, but subsequent analysis showed that meDNA did not mediate the relation between haplotype and CI.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that CYP17A associates with PFC-dependent cognitive deficits in schizophrenia but did not support the hypothesis that CA plays a role in this association via meDNA or any other mechanism. Grant support: 21-15-00124/Russian Science Foundation https://rscf.ru/project/21-15-00124/.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The investigation of implicit Theory of Mind in patients with schizophrenia – a whole brain fMRI study
Authors: Varga E. , Bugya T. , Hajnal A. , Tényi T. , Herold R. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionTheory of Mind is the ability to attribute mental states to others. Investigations have distinguished implicit and explicit forms of ToM. It is known, that patients with schizoprenia have deficits in their explicit ToM, and they also show altered brain activations during examining explicit ToM.ObjectivesIn this study our aim was to investigate the underlying neural substrates of implicit ToM in patients with schizophrenia with fMRI.MethodsSeven healthy subjects and two patients with first episode schizophrenia were involved. We used: false belief condition and control condition. All movies consisted of a belief formation phase and an outcome phase. The belief formation phase started with an agent placing a ball on a table in front of an occluder. Then the ball rolled behind the occluder. The movies could continue in different ways leading to a true or false belief. At the end of each movie, the agent reentered the scene and the occluder was lowered. In the outcome phase the ball was either present or absent behind the occluder. The control conditions started with a ball rolled behind the occluder on a table ended up with two different ways as the ball was either present or absent behind the occluder. There was no agent in the control movies.ResultsWe found that healthy subjects activated significantly stronger the left lingual gyrus as well as the right temporoparietal junction.ConclusionsOur findings suggest deficits in implicit ToM in schizophrenia and our findings also might help to clarify the underlying neural substrates of implicit ToM.DisclosureThis research project was supported by the KTIA-13-NAP-A-II/12 (2018–2022) and the Hungarian National Excellence Centrum Grant 2018–2019.
COVID-19 induced psychosis. Should we be concerned?
Authors: Costa P. , Pinto I. , Branco P. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionCoronaviruses traditionally are considered to cause pulmonary diseases, often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms. Since the COVID-19 pandemic start in early 2020, there have been reports of a high prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Recent data show significant rates of neuropsychiatric diagnosis over the subsequent 6 months post-infection. Some of the data suggest the COVID-19 as a cause of new-onset psychotic symptoms in patients with no psychiatric history. Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thoughts, and confusion were the most frequently reported psychotic features which low doses of antipsychotics seem to be helpful.ObjectivesBrief literature review about the relationship between COVID-19 and new-onset psychotic symptomatology.MethodsNon-systematic review through PubMed research using the terms “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “pandemics”, “psychotic symptoms” and “psychosis”.ResultsThe severity of the infection, especially in those with the need for hospitalization/intensive care, seems to have a clear effect on the gravity of subsequent neuropsychiatric symptoms, namely psychosis. Viral invasion of the central neural system, hypercoagulable states, and neuroinflammation are potential associated mechanisms. It’s important to consider the effect of therapies that may have the potential to cause psychosis (eg steroids). According to recent literature, around 0.9-4% of people exposed to the COVID-19 virus develop psychotic episodes, which is much higher than the incidence in the general population.ConclusionsPost-COVID-19 related psychosis has been reported in different nations. The pathophysiology is yet not clear, although the hyperinflammatory response has been suggested as the main mechanism for the neuropsychiatric manifestations. Given the high number of case reports with similar presentations, it’s important to proceed with more investigations.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The Investigation of Cognitive Functions and Clinical High Risk Status for Psychosis in First-Degree Relatives of Patients with Substance Induced Psychotic Disorder
Authors: Çukurova M. , Özdemir A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe etiology of substance-induced psychotic disorder (SIPD) is an important research area to study.ObjectivesIt is aimed to investigate clinical risk status for psychosis, schizotypal features and neurocognitive functions in siblings of the patients who have been diagnosed as SIPD and who have no family history of psychotic spectrum disorder.MethodsThis study included 41 healthy siblings of patients who have been diagnosed as SIPD according to DSM-V and 41 healthy controls without family history of psychiatric disorders (matched on age, gender, and years of education). The data collected with sociodemographic and clinical data form, Digid Span Test, Trail Making Test A, Trail Making Test B, Verbal Fluency Test and Stroop Test, Comprehensive Assesment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS) and Structured Interview for Schizotypy-Revised.ResultsIt is determined that %41.5 of siblings and %7.3 of healthy controls are in one of the clinical high risk groups for psychosis according to CAARMS. There is significant difference in Trail Making Test A error and Trail Making Test B error and correction, verbal fluency test- lexical fluency-perseveration mean scores between siblings of patients and healthy controls.ConclusionsSiblings of patients with SIPD have more schizotypal features than healthy control group and they take part more frequent in one of high risk group for psychosis. Schizotypal features are known as trait factor and show genetic predisposition. Siblings who are in high risk groups have more schizotypal features and it may point that predisposition to psychosis is more related to underlying genetic predisposition than environmental factors and social stressors.DisclosureNo significant relationships.