bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Assessment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Participants in a Market Survey at Ebonyi State, South East Nigeria, Using Finnish Diabetes Risk Score Questionnaire
Authors: Ugwueze Chidiebere Valentine , Nnolim Bede I. , Anikpo Nnamdi C. , Onyekachi Kenechukwu Emmanuel , Onah Cosmas Kenan , Chukwu Oluomachi Esther , Abonyi Chinweuba Michael , Ezeokpo Basil Chukwuma , Modebe Onyechi M. 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder arising from insulin resistance and/or decreased insulin secretion and has continued to affect people across all economic levels in society. Due to the high prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes, it has become very imperative to emphasize screening in any given population, especially in developing countries.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to determine the risk factors and prevalence of diabetes mellitus among participants using the FINDRISC questionnaire.

Materials and Methods:
The study was a cross-sectional study which involved 200 participants but 197 had complete data. Anthropometric, blood pressure, and fasting/random blood glucose measurements were carried out. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.

Results:
The mean age of respondents was 41.8 ± 16.3 years. There were 104 males and 93 females. Most of the respondents were traders constituting 51.8% of the study population. The 10-year risk categorization of respondents showed that 57.9% had low risk, 17.8% with slightly elevated risk, 12.2% had moderate risk, 10.7% with high risk, and 1.5% with a very high risk of developing diabetes. The average risk score was 7.4 ± 5.4 with a range of 0.0–24.0. The mean weight, height, and body mass index were 69.6 ± 14.4 kg, 165.3 ± 8.6 cm, and 25.5 ± 5.2 kg/m2, respectively. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 126.9 ± 20.3 mmHg (range: 80–205) and 76.6 ± 12.9 mmHg (range of 50–130), respectively.

Conclusion:
Approximately, 25% of respondents have a moderate-to-very high risk which emphasizes the need for continuous screening of the population, especially in public gatherings.
Microalbuminuria and its Associated Risk Factors Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Facility in Kano, Northwest Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar Bawa Ibrahim , Aliu-Isah Oiza Ozioroko , Musa Sanni , Abdulsalam Kabiru , Yahaya Isah Adagiri 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection affects multiple organs and the kidney is a common target, thereby making renal disease one of the recognised complications of HIV infection. Microalbuminuria represents an early, important marker of kidney damage in several disease conditions including HIV-infected highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-naïve patients. Early detection of microalbuminuria is critical to slowing down the progression of kidney dysfunction to chronic kidney disease in HIV-infected patients. Determination of predictive factors for microalbuminuria in these group of patients may serve as avenues for intervention to prevent HIV-associated renal diseases. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of microalbuminuria in HIV/AIDS-infected adults on HAART at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.

Patients, Materials and Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 500 subjects including 250 HAART-treated and 250 HAART-naïve HIV/AIDS participants. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant demographic and clinical information. Blood and urine samples were collected for serum creatinine and urinary albumin and creatinine measurements, respectively, and the results were collated and analysed. Comparison of categorical variables was done using Chi-square/Fisher's exact test, where applicable with level of significance set at P < 0.05.

Results:
The prevalence of microalbuminuria among the two groups studied was found to be high (22.8% for HAART naïve versus 18.4% for HAART treated, respectively) while the risk factors identified were estimated glomerular filtration rate, low CD4 count, and duration of HIV treatment.

Conclusion:
The major predictors of microalbuminuria include low CD4 count, duration of HIV infection (<30 months), and duration of HAART treatment (<30 months).
Review article
Authors: Agwu Ngwobia Peter , Umar Ahmed Mohammed , Oyibo Ugbede Emmanuel 
Published: November 2022

Background:
The urethral catheter is an essential medical device that is used in everyday medical practice worldwide. The urethral catheter has evolved over the years with several modifications and improvements to overcome the shortcomings of previous productions. With several indications, it remains one of the most commonly used devices traversing almost all specialties in the field of medicine; however, the process of urethral catheterization is occasionally challenging and may result in injury to the urethra. The attendant complications following its passage far outweigh its cost and the required skills to necessitate appropriate insertion. Knowledge of the type of urethral catheter, training with regard to its insertion, care while in situ, and competency of the attendant caregivers are required for safe catheterization.

Aim:
This review aims to disseminate knowledge on urethral catheter types, insertion procedures, and its attendant complications so that doctors and other health-care professionals may safely perform this necessary procedure.

Materials and Methods:
A review of internatinal literature was conducted using PubMed database and goggle search using key words such as urethral catheter materials and types.

Result:
105 articles were identified and found suitable for the study.
Where access and benefit-sharing comes from: A historical overview
Authors: Sirakaya Aysegul 
Published: November 2022

The international legal system of access and benefit-sharing of genetic resources (or ABS) under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is an ever-evolving field as its material, temporal and activity scope is still under discussion to meet the needs of the advancement of research and development activities as well as the questions of fairness and equity that evolve with them. Activities, such as research and development with digital sequence information (DSI), currently take considerable space in the negotiations and the lack of consensus between the Global North and Global South continues. This paper gets its raison d'être from this lack of consensus and aims to provide a better understanding of the debate around the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources as well as states' sovereignty over their natural resources. As such, the paper provides an analysis of all relevant documents at the international level, starting from the UN Charter to the CBD final text with the hope of reminding the ongoing CBD negotiations why we have ABS in the first place and what the international community historically aimed for when regulating genetic resources at the international level. Looking back at why we had the first legally binding ABS instrument in the first place, and why we thought this instrument would achieve fairness and equity in dealing with genetic resources, will serve the interests of all Parties to the CBD and will hopefully enable them to interpret the provisions based on their overarching aim and reasoning.
Nurse – patient communication: an exploration of nurses’ experiences
Authors: Meižytė Karolina , Blaževičienė Aurelija 
Published: November 2022

A good relationship between a nurse and a patient is considered particularly important in a nurse's professional path and one of the main components of good nursing. Effective relationships based on mutual understanding lead to patient satisfaction and the determination of individual nursing care measures. The patient tends to be more involved in his treatment process and to trust the health care professional.
Aim. To assess the quality of communication between nurses and patients from the perspective of nurses.
Methods. A quantitative study was conducted using an anonymous online questionnaire. Research participants are general practice nurses working in Lithuanian health care institutions (n - 231). The standardized questionnaire The Nurse Quality of Communication with Patient Questionnaire (NQCPQ) was used to collect research data.
Results and conclusions. Nurses indicate that the higher quality of communication with the patient allows the patient to open up and speak more confidently about his illness (84.4%, n = 195) and at the same time the nurse can better understand the seriousness of the patient's health and communicate about it (84.0%, n = 194). High-quality communication between the nurse and the patient helps the specialist understand that the prescribed drug treatment is acceptable to the patient (80.1%, n = 185). Nurses can decide on the appropriateness of treatment for the patient based only on the patient's reactions (71.9%, n = 166) and nurses can only assess the patient's current state of health by observing the patient (68.4%, n = 158).The quality of communication between nurses and patients determines the ability of nurses to assess the patient's state of health, decide on the appropriateness of the prescribed treatment, and the quality of communication affects communication with the patient during procedures, hygiene and nutrition.
Marisa Mori and the Futurists
Authors: Griffiths Jennifer S. 
Published: November 2022

This book introduces a compelling new personality to the modernist canon, Marisa Mori (1900-1985), who became the only female contributor to The Futurist Cookbook (1932) with her recipe for “Italian Breasts in the Sun.” Offering something more complex than a traditional biographical account, Jennifer S. Griffiths charts Mori’s studies with Felice Casorati, her meeting with the Futurists in 1931, and her complex engagement with Magic Realist and Futurist themes throughout the 1930s. She provides a feminist critique of the art, converging on issues of gender, culture, and history to offer new critical perspectives on Italian modernism.
Contributing to a growing body of knowledge on the women who participated in the Italian Futurist movement, this book highlights Mori’s artistic contributions before, during, and after her Futurist decade. It also details her fascination with the expressive potential of the female nude, analyses how her work evidences an early interest in the politics of the body, and situates her most significant artworks in their critical context looking through the historical, political, and cultural framework of interwar Fascism. Mori worked outside the major European capitals, fluctuated between traditional figurative subjects and abstract experimentation, and occupied a marginal place in a history that privileges the masculine, the urban, and the abstract; thus her art can help to re-think and re-situate the margins of modernism. It explores a woman artist’s struggle for modernity among the Italian Futurists in an age of Fascism.
Gender, Violence and Criminal Justice in the Colonial Pacific
Authors: Stevens Kate 
Published: November 2022

Centering on cases of sexual violence, this book illuminates the contested introduction of British and French colonial criminal justice in the Pacific Islands during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, focusing on Fiji, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu/New Hebrides. It foregrounds the experiences of Indigenous Islanders and indentured laborers in the colonial court system, a space in which marginalized voices entered the historical record.
Rape and sexual assault trials reveal how hierarchies of race, gender and status all shaped the practice of colonial law in the courtroom and the gendered experiences of colonialism. Trials provided a space where men and women narrated their own story and at times challenged the operation of colonial law. Through these cases, Gender, Violence and Criminal Justice in the Colonial Pacific highlights the extent to which colonial bureaucracies engaged with and affected private lives, as well as the varied ways in which individuals and communities responded to such intrusions and themselves reshaped legal practices and institutions in the Pacific.
With bureaucratic institutions unable to deal with the complex realities of colonial lives, Stevens reveals how the courtroom often became a theatrical space in which authority was performed, deliberately obscuring the more complex and violent practices that were central to both colonialism and colonial law-making. Exploring the intersections of legal pluralism and local pragmatism across British and French colonialization in the Pacific, this book shows how island communities and early colonial administrators adopted diverse and flexible approaches towards criminal justice, pursuing alternative forms of justice ranging from unofficial courts to punitive violence in order to deal with cases of sexual assault.
Pengaruh Penerapan Teknik Brisk Walking Exercise dalam Menurunkan Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Hipertensi : Literature Review
Authors: Rusli  , Andi Nurislamiah Tahir  
Published: November 2022

Pendahuluan : Tekanan Darah Tinggi yaitu keadaan ketika tekanan darah seseorang berada pada kisaran untuk tekanan sistolik mencapai sekitar 140 mmHg dan diastolik mencapai 90 mmHg. dan Brisk Walking Exercise termasuk bentuk latihan aerobik yaitu berjalan cepat yang mampu menurunkan mortalitas dan morbiditas pasien hipertensi.
Tujuan : untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengecek apakah tampak efek dari Brisk Walking Exercise bagi pasien dengan tekanan darah tinggi dimana membuat tekanan darahnya menjadi rendah atau menurun.
Metode : kuantitatif desain literature review dengan metode eksperimen. Data diperoleh melalui hasil eksplorasi artikel terhadap 2 basis data elektronik yaitu google scholar dan garuda diidentifikasi 237 artikel yang sesuai kata kunci, kemudian dilakukan pembatasan berdasarkan kriteria inklusi sehingga diperoleh tiga artikel dengan jumlah sampel keseluruhan 79 responden.
Hasil : dari ketiga artikel yang direview pada literature review ini diperoleh hasil terlihat tekanan darah pasien menurun selepas diberikan intervensi brisk walking exercise didapatkan hasil (ρ = 0,000) pada tekanan sistole dan diastolik sehingga dikatakan efektif karena mampu membuat tekanan darah menurun.
Kesimpulan : berdasar dari beberapa artikel yang di review didapatkan hasil pada pasien penderita hipertensi terjadi penurunan pada tekanan darahnya setelah diberikan brisk walking exercise, sehingga sangat disarankan agar para klinis dapat menerapkan latihan ini khususnya penderita hipertensi dalam mengontrol tekanan darah.
Penerapan Teknik Relaksasi Nafas Dalam dan Batuk Efektif untuk Kepatenan Jalan Nafas pada Pasien Tuberculosis Paru Dalam Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Oksigenasi
Authors: Rahmawati  
Published: November 2022

Pada tahun 2019, sekitaran 10 juta jiwa orang terjatuh sakit dengan tuberkulosis paru (TB Paru) di seluruh dunia. 5,6 juta pria, 3,2 juta wanita dan 1,2 juta anak-anak. Meskipun dapat disembuhkan dan dicegah, namun estimasi kasus tuberculosis paru di Indonesia sekitar 845,000 dengan angka kematian 13,947. Pada tahun 2000-2019 mengalami peningkatan dan pada tahun 2020 mengalami penurunan dengan angka 344,992. Tuberkulosis paru dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien, karena mengganggu kebutuhan oksigenasi akibat hipersekresi mukus. Teknik relaksasi nafas dalam dan batuk efektif merupakan suatu metode latihan batuk dengan benar, karena menghemat energi, sehingga tidak mudah lelah dan dapat mengeluarkan dahak secara maksimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran penerapan teknik relaksasi nafas dalam dan batuk efektiff pada pasien tuberkulosis paru untuk mempertahankan kepatenan jalan nafas dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan oksigenasi.
Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Data diperoleh dengan metode wawancara, observasi, pemeriksaan fisik dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis berdasarkan temuan sebelum dan sesudah tindakan teknik relaksasi nafas dalam dan batuk efektif.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya data gangguan patensi jalan nafas yaitu pasien batuk berdahak, sputum mucopurulent hingga purulent,, frekuensi nafas 26x/menit, irama nafas irregular dan suara nafas ronkhi.
Teknik relaksasi nafas dalam dan batuk efektif dapat meningkatkan pengeluaran sputum, menurunkan frekuensi nafas, suara nafas hilang dan irama nafas reguler. Namun, patensi jalan nafas pasien dipengaruhi oleh intake cairan pasien, penggunaan obat anti TB (OAT) dan kebiasaan merokok.
Hubungan Pola Asuh Orang Tua terhadap Perkembangan Anak Balita di Puskesmas Jongaya Kota Makassar Tahun 2021
Authors: Asrianto  , Helis Husuna  
Published: November 2022

Pola asuh orang tua merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan anak balita. Anak balita yang mendapatkan pola asuh positif dari orang tuanya diprediksi dapat terhindar dari penyimpangan perkembangan. Tujuan penelitian yaitu diketahui hubungan pola asuh orang tua terhadap perkembangan anak balita di Puskesmas Jongaya Kota Makassar.
Metode penelitian menggunakan Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional, study. Populasi penelitian ini anak sebanyak 99 dan sampel sebanyak 50 responden analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis univariate dan bivariate.
Hasil:penelitian adalah tidak terdapat hubungan antara pola asuh orang tua terhadap perkembangan anak balita, dengan p=value 0,429.
Kesimpulan dari penelitian adalah tidak ada hubungan pola asuh orang tua dengan perkembangan anak. Disarankan agar pihak Puskesmas dapat memberikan pendidikan kesehatan yang lebih kepada para Ibu tentang pola asuh yang baik dan bagaimana cara mencapai perkembangan anak yang optimal.
SENIMAN VISUAL MALAYSIA: KEPUASAN KERJA, KOMITMEN DAN PRODUKTIVITI DALAM PROSES PENGHASILAN KARYA
Authors: Syed Alwi Syed Abu Bakar  , Mohd Fawazie Arshad  , Azian Tahir  , Aznan Omar  , Noor Enfendi Desa  
Published: November 2022

Menghasilkan karya seni adalah aktiviti utama seniman visual yang melibatkan budaya kerja seniman visual. Komitmen dan kepuasan kerja merupakan dua perkara yang mempengaruhi produktiviti seniman visual. Untuk meningkatkan produktiviti, seniman visual harus mempunyai perancangan yang baik dalam pengurusan sumber dan manusia. Walau bagaimanapun, adalah rumit bagi seniman visual kerana mereka tidak mengeluarkan hasil secara pukal, sebaliknya menghasilkan karya mengikut keperluan. Permasalahan utama kepada seniman visual adalah dari aspek pengurusan kerana mempengaruhi komitmen, kepuasan kerja dan produktiviti seniman visual. Oleh hal yang demikian, penyelidikan ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti komitmen dan kepuasan kerja seniman visual serta melihat hubungannya dengan produktiviti. Penyelidikan ini menggunakan kaedah penyelidikan temu bual, pemerhatian dan mengkaji dokuman-dokumen sedia ada. Dapatan menunjukkan seniman visual mempunyai komitmen dan kepuasan kerja yang tinggi namun kurang dari segi pengurusan yang mengakibatkan tahap produktiviti mereka manjadi kurang memuaskan. Justeru, seniman visual harus berani untuk berubah dan mengharungi cabaran yang lebih besar dengan menjadikan bidang seni visual ini sebagai satu industri yang mempunyai sistem pengurusan yang lebih efektif.

Visual artists' principal activity is to create artwork, which is important to their work culture. Commitment and job satisfaction are two characteristics that influence the output of visual artists. Visual artists should have a well-planned strategy for resource and human resource management in order to maximise production. However, more difficult for visual artists, as they do not generate work in mass, preferring to work on individual projects. Management is the key concern for visual artists, as it affects their commitment, job satisfaction, and productivity. As such, the goal of this study is to evaluate the dedication and job satisfaction of visual artists, as well as their relationship to production. Interviewing, observation, and a review of existing materials are used as research methodologies in this study. The findings indicate that visual artists exhibit a high degree of commitment and job satisfaction but a poor level of management, resulting in a decline in their level of production. Thus, visual artists must be willing to evolve and confront greater difficult issues by establishing a more effective management structure for the visual arts field.
CIRI DAN FUNGSI LAGU DALAM MEMBENTUK STRUKTUR PLOT FILEM MUZIKAL MAGIKA (2010)
Authors: Faezahnor Saddi  , Zairul Anuar Md. Dawam  , Fazmi Hisham  
Published: November 2022

Kajian ini menganalisis ciri dan fungsi lagu dalam membentuk struktur plot dan naratif filem muzikal Magika (2010). Teori Conceptual Integration Network oleh Fauconnier dan Turner (1998) digunakan untuk menganalisis ciri dan fungsi lagu seperti makna lirik, melodi dan nyanyian watak kepada keseluruhan naratif filem meliputi tema, watak perwatakan dan plot (sebab dan akibat) filem tersebut. Kajian ini memfokuskan elemen beat dalam struktur plot yang diperkenalkan oleh Syd Field (2005) dan Blake Snyder (2005) pada babak 2 iaitu Midpoint, B Story dan The bad guys close in. Pemilihan babak 2 ini dilakukan kerana ia merupakan durasi paling panjang dalam sesebuah filem yang memerlukan elemen beat yang kuat untuk memastikan audiens tidak bosan dan terus menonton filem. Kajian ini mendapati ciri dan fungsi lagu dalam babak dua, iaitu lagu ‘Kehilangan’ dan ‘Rahsia Awet Muda’ sesuai dianalisis dan mempunyai hubung kait dengan elemen beat pada babak 2 iaitu Midpoint yang diperkenalkan oleh Syd Field (2005); B story dan The bad guys close in oleh Blake Snyder (2005). Kesannya, penggunaan lagu dalam filem muzikal Magika (2010) ini memberi kesan kepada struktur plot pada babak 2 meliputi elemen naratif seperti tema, watak perwatakan dan plot (sebab dan akibat), sekali gus memberi keterujaan kepada audiens untuk menonton filem tersebut.

This study analyzes the characteristics and functions of songs in shaping the plot and narrative structure of the musical film Magika (2010). The ‘Conceptual Integration Network’ theory by Fauconnier and Turner (1998) is used to analyze song characteristics and functions such as lyrical meaning, melody and character singing to the entire film narrative covering the theme, characterization and plot (cause and effect) of the film. This study focuses on the beat element in the plot structure introduced by Syd Field (2005) and Blake Snyder (2005) in Episode 2 namely Mid Point, B Story and The Bad Guys Close In. Episode 2 was selected because it is the longest duration in a film that requires a strong beat element to ensure the audience does not get bored and continue watching the film. This study found that the characteristics and functions of the songs in the second half, which are Kehilangan and Rahsia Awet Muda were appropriate and has a relationship with the beat element in the second half which is Mid Point introduced by Syd Field (2005); B Story and The Bad Guys Close In by Snyder (2005). The use of songs in the musical film Magika (2010) do affects the plot structure in Episode 2 covering the narrative elements of the theme, characters and plot (cause and effect), consequently generating excitement to the audience watching the film.