bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lyric Forms as “Performed” Speech in Das Rheingold and Die Walküre
Authors: Duke Craig 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
There is growing recognition that Richard Wagner's mature works—the music dramas—owed much to earlier nineteenth-century opera. In the often-contentious area of Wagnerian form, analysts have tended to draw more on Wagner's writings and the Formenlehre tradition than on operatic models, but recent studies by Karol Berger and Ji-Yeon Lee have shown examples of opera-specific formal types in the music dramas. This article demonstrates Wagner's continued use of one such formal type—lyric form (AABA or AABC)—in five examples from Das Rheingold and Die Walküre. The first part of this article proposes a conceptual revision of lyric form as a conventional configuration of both music and text, which are united by a shared set of music-rhetorical functions. The second part shows how Wagner's lyric forms integrate into the surrounding dramatic continuity as extroverted, performative monologues within realistic conversations. The third part analyzes the much “looser” lyric form in “Wotan's Farewell” from the end of Die Walküre, which displays both Wotan's intimate, self-expressive communication and Wagner's increasing flexibility with the template. These analyses show that operatic formal types were compatible with Wagner's Gesamtkunstwerk aesthetic, and the analytic method suggests a path toward further engagement with other nineteenth-century opera and other genres that combine music, text, and dramatic storytelling.
Periodicity-Based Descriptions of Rhythms and Steve Reich's Rhythmic Style
Authors: Yust Jason 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article demonstrates how to obtain a periodicity-based description of cyclic rhythms using the discrete Fourier transform and applies this to understanding Steve Reich's use of rhythmic canons in a series of works from the early 1970s through the 1990s. The primary analytical tool is the rhythmic spectrum, which omits phase information, but the use of plots that include phase information is also demonstrated in a few instances. The method shows a consistency in Reich's rhythmic language despite experimentations with irregular cycles, which begins with the formulation of his “signature rhythm,” the basic rhythmic pattern of Clapping Music and Music for Pieces of Wood. The article also demonstrates the evolution of Reich's rhythmic experimentation preceding these pivotal pieces, through his “phase” works of the 1960s. It discusses the relationship of the Fourier-based method and concepts of meter, especially nonisochronous meter, maximally even rhythmic patterns, and the potential of rhythmic canons to interlock and make different kinds of combinatorial patterns.
Zebrafish models of alx-linked frontonasal dysplasia reveal a role for Alx1 and Alx3 in the anterior segment and vasculature of the developing eye
Authors: Yoon Baul , Yeung Pan , Santistevan Nicholas , Bluhm Lauren E. , Kawasaki Kenta , Kueper Janina , Dubielzig Richard , VanOudenhove Jennifer , Cotney Justin , Liao Eric C. , Grinblat Yevgenya 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The cellular and genetic mechanisms that coordinate formation of facial sensory structures with surrounding skeletal and soft tissue elements remain poorly understood. Alx1, a homeobox transcription factor, is a key regulator of midfacial morphogenesis. ALX1 mutations in humans are linked to severe congenital anomalies of the facial skeleton (frontonasal dysplasia, FND) with malformation or absence of eyes and orbital contents (micro- and anophthalmia). Zebrafish with loss-of-function alx1 mutations develop with craniofacial and ocular defects of variable penetrance, likely due to compensatory upregulation in expression of a paralogous gene, alx3. Here we show that zebrafish alx1;alx3 mutants develop with highly penetrant cranial and ocular defects that resemble human ALX1-linked FND. alx1 and alx3 are expressed in anterior cranial neural crest (aCNC), which gives rise to the anterior neurocranium (ANC), anterior segment structures of the eye and vascular pericytes. Consistent with a functional requirement for alx genes in aCNC, alx1; alx3 mutants develop with nearly absent ANC and grossly aberrant hyaloid vasculature and ocular anterior segment, but normal retina. In vivo lineage labeling identified a requirement for alx1 and alx3 during aCNC migration, and transcriptomic analysis suggested oxidative stress response as a key target mechanism of this function. Oxidative stress is a hallmark of fetal alcohol toxicity, and we found increased penetrance of facial and ocular malformations in alx1 mutants exposed to ethanol, consistent with a protective role for alx1 against ethanol toxicity. Collectively, these data demonstrate a conserved role for zebrafish alx genes in controlling ocular and facial development, and a novel role in protecting these key midfacial structures from ethanol toxicity during embryogenesis. These data also reveal novel roles for alx genes in ocular anterior segment formation and vascular development and suggest that retinal deficits in alx mutants may be secondary to aberrant ocular vascularization and anterior segment defects. This study establishes robust zebrafish models for interrogating conserved genetic mechanisms that coordinate facial and ocular development, and for exploring gene­–environment interactions relevant to fetal alcohol syndrome.
Long-term imaging of living adult zebrafish
Authors: Castranova Daniel , Samasa Bakary , Venero Galanternik Marina , Gore Aniket V. , Goldstein Allison E. , Park Jong S. , Weinstein Brant M. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The zebrafish has become a widely used animal model due, in large part, to its accessibility to and usefulness for high-resolution optical imaging. Although zebrafish research has historically focused mostly on early development, in recent years the fish has increasingly been used to study regeneration, cancer metastasis, behavior and other processes taking place in juvenile and adult animals. However, imaging of live adult zebrafish is extremely challenging, with survival of adult fish limited to a few tens of minutes using standard imaging methods developed for zebrafish embryos and larvae. Here, we describe a new method for imaging intubated adult zebrafish using a specially designed 3D printed chamber for long-term imaging of adult zebrafish on inverted microscope systems. We demonstrate the utility of this new system by nearly day-long observation of neutrophil recruitment to a wound area in living double-transgenic adult casper zebrafish with fluorescently labeled neutrophils and lymphatic vessels, as well as intubating and imaging the same fish repeatedly. We also show that Mexican cavefish can be intubated and imaged in the same way, demonstrating this method can be used for long-term imaging of adult animals from diverse aquatic species.
Nuclear morphogenesis: forming a heterogeneous nucleus during embryogenesis
Authors: Tsai Albert , Crocker Justin 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
An embryo experiences increasingly complex spatial and temporal patterns of gene expression as it matures, guiding the morphogenesis of its body. Using super-resolution fluorescence microscopy in Drosophila melanogaster embryos, we observed that the nuclear distributions of transcription factors and histone modifications undergo a similar transformation of increasing heterogeneity. This spatial partitioning of the nucleus could lead to distinct local regulatory environments in space and time that are tuned for specific genes. Accordingly, transcription sites driven by different cis-regulatory regions each had their own temporally and spatially varying local histone environments, which could facilitate the finer spatial and temporal regulation of genes to consistently differentiate cells into organs and tissues. Thus, ‘nuclear morphogenesis’ may be a microscopic counterpart of the macroscopic process that shapes the animal body.
RNA-assisted sequestration of RNA-binding proteins by cytoplasmic inclusions of the C-terminal 35-kDa fragment of TDP-43
Authors: Jiang Lei-Lei , Guan Wen-Liang , Wang Jian-Yang , Zhang Shu-Xian , Hu Hong-Yu 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
TDP-43 (also known as TARDBP) is a nuclear splicing factor functioning in pre-mRNA processing. Its C-terminal 35-kDa fragment (TDP-35) forms inclusions or aggregates in cytoplasm, and sequesters full-length TDP-43 into the inclusions through binding with RNA. We extended the research to investigate whether TDP-35 inclusions sequester other RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and how RNA-binding specificity has a role in this sequestration process. We have characterized T-cell restricted intracellular antigen-1 (TIA1) and other RBPs that can be sequestered into the TDP-35 inclusions through specific RNA binding, and found that this sequestration leads to the dysfunction of TIA1 in maturation of target pre-mRNA. Moreover, we directly visualized the dynamic sequestration of TDP-43 by the cytoplasmic TDP-35 inclusions by live-cell imaging. Our results demonstrate that TDP-35 sequesters some specific RBPs and this sequestration is assisted by binding with RNA in a sequence-specific manner. This study provides further evidence in supporting the hijacking hypothesis for RNA-assisted sequestration and will be beneficial to further understanding of the TDP-43 proteinopathies.
Vocalization-associated respiration patterns: thermography-based monitoring and detection of preparation for calling
Authors: Demartsev Vlad , Manser Marta B. , Tattersall Glenn J. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Vocal emission requires coordination with the respiratory system. Monitoring the increase in laryngeal pressure, which is needed for vocal production, allows detection of transitions from quiet respiration to vocalization-supporting respiration. Characterization of these transitions could be used to identify preparation for vocal emission and to examine the probability of it manifesting into an actual vocal production event. Specifically, overlaying the subject's respiration with conspecific calls can highlight events of call initiation and suppression, as a means of signalling coordination and avoiding jamming. Here, we present a thermal imaging-based methodology for synchronized respiration and vocalization monitoring of free-ranging meerkats. The sensitivity of this methodology is sufficient for detecting transient changes in the subject's respiration associated with the exertion of vocal production. The differences in respiration are apparent not only during the vocal output, but also prior to it, marking the potential time frame of the respiratory preparation for calling. A correlation between conspecific calls with elongation of the focal subject's respiration cycles could be related to fluctuations in attention levels or in the motivation to reply. This framework can be used for examining the capability for enhanced respiration control in animals during modulated and complex vocal sequences, detecting ‘failed’ vocalization attempts and investigating the role of respiration cues in the regulation of vocal interactions.
Application of deep learning in teeth identification tasks on panoramic radiographs
Authors: Umer Fahad , Habib Saqib , Adnan Niha 
Published: February 2022

Objectives: To investigate the current developments of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in teeth identification on Panoramic Radiographs (PR). Our aim was to evaluate and compare the performances of Deep Learning (DL) models that have been employed in the execution of this task. Methods: The systematic review was registered on PROSPERO. All recent studies that utilized DL models for identifying teeth on PRs were included in this review. An extensive search of the medical electronic databases including PubMed NLM, EBSCO Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source, and Wiley Cochrane Library was conducted. This was followed by a hand search of the IEEE Xplore database. The diagnostic performance of DL models in teeth identification tasks on PR was the primary outcome assessed in this review. The risk of bias assessment of the included studies was evaluated via the modified QUADAS-2 tool. Owing to the heterogeneity of the reported performance metrics, a meta-analysis was not possible.. Results: The search yielded a total of 282 articles, out of which 13 relevant ones were included in this review. These studies utilized a diverse range of DL models for teeth identification tasks on PRs and reported their performances using a variety of metrics. Conclusion: The results of teeth identification tasks carried out by DL models are encouraging; however, there is a need for the shortcomings that have been identified in our preliminary review, to be addressed by future researchers.
Perceived stress, sources of stress and coping strategies among undergraduate medical students of Nepal: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Paudel Ujjawal , Parajuli Anima , Shrestha Rashmi , Kumari Shivanee , Adhikari Yadav Saroj , Marahatta Kedar 
Published: February 2022

Background: Medical students are subjected to various stressors throughout their training, which has a considerable impact on their physical and mental health. Some students have positive ways of coping, while others take to maladaptive coping measures. This study aims to assess severity, sources of stress, and coping strategies among medical students of a non-Western low-income country from South Asia. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was carried out. Demographic variables were collected and stress level was assessed using PSS 14 (Perceived Stress Scale 14). The sources of stress were assessed using MSSQ (Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire) and coping strategies were evaluated using the Brief-Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced 28. Results: The response rate was 95%. The mean PSS score was 27.85. Overall, 55% of students were stressed (male 52%, female 60%), the difference among gender was not significant. Basic science students perceived higher levels of stress than clinical clerkship students. Academic related stressors caused higher stress, whereas other variables caused moderate stress. The major stressors were examinations, inadequate time to study, poor marks, extensive amount of learning content, and the need to performing well in the exam. The five most common coping strategies used were active coping, acceptance, planning, self-distraction, and instrumental support. The least common coping mechanism was substance use. All MSSQ domains positively correlated with the total PSS score. Students with higher PSS scores were likely to use behavioral disengagement, venting, and self-blame as the primary coping strategies. Conclusions: Stress level among the medical students is high and mainly in relation to academia. Inadequate guidance from teachers contributed significantly. Stressed students were likely to use maladaptive coping strategies. Strategies to enhance teacher-student communication and adaptive coping measures should be implemented. Further studies should be done to evaluate the effects of stress on the academic outcomes of students.
COVID-19 Lessons: Experience in Organization of Distance Pre-school Education
Authors: Railienė Asta , Merfeldaite Odeta , Prakapas Romas 
Published: February 2022

The article focuses on the analysis of new experience in the national context, i.e. the organisation of distance education in preschool education and the challenges in application of the innovation, when the implementation as such is not planned and modelled for getting ready for it in advance. In Lithuania, before the COVID-19 pandemic, distance education in preschool education, which is meant to prepare a child for school, was not applied, there were no specific guidelines, tested teaching platforms or pedagogic practices. The study deals with the results of focus groups research performed in June 2020, designated for discussing of experiences of the Lithuanian preschool education institutions in distance education gained during the quarantine (from 16/03/2020 to 29/05/2020). The performed analysis of experiences in the organisation of distant education in preschool education disclosed the essential challenges faced when applying this form of education in the education of six-year-old children. It has been established that the key challenges organizing distance education in preschool education are related to the lack of the IT solutions for distance education; the readiness of the participants of the education process for distance education and engagement in suchprocess of education, as well as the lack of support from national and regional institutions in the organisation of distance education. The results of research open possibilities for further researches, which are necessary for efficient and sustainable distance education integration into preschool education. In this context, explicit, deep research related to the analysis of appropriateness of distance education platforms in the early stage of age, search for didactic solutions of digital content for them and deep research into concrete implementation cases is necessary.
Re-imagining Digital Technology in Education through Critical and Neo-materialist Insights
Authors: Pischetola Magda 
Published: February 2022

Technological determinism, techno-solutionism and instrumental perspectives on technologies have populated educational research literature in the last decades, and even more since the pandemic crisis has started. This essay offers a critique about simplistic explanations of technology adoption in pedagogy by using insights from critical philosophy of technology and feminist new materialism. It rejects the assumption of teachers’ resistance to change and proposes a frame to expand future imaginaries of education. In this sense, critical studies provide a focus on human activity as interconnected with social and situated knowledges/practices. The emphasis is on recursive relations that allow educational researchers and practitioners to take into account the considerable complexity of digital technologies pedagogical adoption. On the other hand, feminist new materialism brings about a new focus on relational ontology, which adds to the critical theoretical framework the agentic element. By overcoming a binary way of seeing technologies through utopias and dystopias, new materialist studies focus on ethics and responsibility. We argue that we need both a critical and a neo-materialist view, in order to adopt technologies in education in meaningful, productive and creative ways. Building on small narratives and possible utopias can take us to re-design and re-interprete the future of educational technologies.
Performance comparison of image enhancers with and without deep learning
Authors: Lecca Michela , Poiesi Fabio 
Published: February 2022

Image enhancement is a computational procedure to improve visibility of details and content of an input image. Several image enhancement algorithms have been developed thus far, from traditional methods that process a single image based on physical models of image acquisition and formation to recent deep learning techniques, where enhancement models are learned from data. Here, we empirically compare a set of traditional and deep learning enhancers, which we selected as representing different methodologies for the improvement of poorly illuminated images. Our experiments are conducted on public data and show that, although all the considered enhancers improve the visibility of the image content and details, the deep-learning-based methods generally produce less noisy images than the traditional ones. This last outcome has to be carefully considered when enhancers are used as preprocessing for algorithms that are sensitive to noise. As a case study, and with the purpose to promote more aware usage of these two groups of enhancers in computer vision applications, we discuss the impact of image enhancement in the framework of image retrieval performed through two popular algorithms, i.e., SIFT and ORB, implementing different image descriptions and having different sensitivities to noise.
Forecasting effects of “fast-tracks” for surgery in the Swedish national guidelines for distal radius fractures
Authors: Schmidt Viktor , Mellstrand Navarro Cecilia , Ottosson Marcus , Tägil Magnus , Christersson Albert , Engquist Markus , Sayed-Noor Arkan , Mukka Sebastian , Wadsten Mats 
Published: February 2022

Background and purpose
National guidelines for treatment of distal radius fractures (DRFs) were presented in Sweden in 2021. In the guidelines, a fast-track is recommended for 4 subgroups of highly unstable DRFs. Regardless of the results of the closed reduction these are recommended for surgery within 1 week of injury. This study aims to evaluate the potential consequences of the newly presented national guidelines on incidence of surgical interventions.

Patients and methods
In all, 1,609 patients (1,635 DRFs) with primary radiographs after a DRF between 2014 and 2017 at two Swedish hospitals were included in a retrospective cohort study. An estimation was made of the percentage of patients in the historical pre-guidelines cohort, that would have been recommended early primary surgery according to the new national guidelines compared to treatment implemented without the support of these guidelines.

Results
On a strict radiological basis, 32% (516 out of 1635) of DRFs were classified into one of the 4 defined subgroups. At 9–13 days follow-up, cast treatment was converted into delayed primary surgery in 201 cases. Out of these, 56% (112 out of 201) fulfilled the fast-track criteria and would with the new guidelines have been subject to early primary surgery.

Interpretation
The fast-track regimen in the new guidelines, has a high likelihood of identifying the unstable fractures benefitting from early primary surgery. If the proposed Swedish national guidelines for DRF treatment are implemented, a greater proportion of fractures would be treated with early primary surgery, and a delayed surgery avoided in the majority of cases. The potential benefits in relation to possible costs when using the fast-track criteria in every day practice are still unknown.