bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harvest Indices, Dessert Quality, and Storability of ‘Jonagold’ Apples in Air and Controlled Atmosphere Storage
Authors: Lau O.L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Starch index (SI) was correlated negatively with starch content and positively with internal ethylene concentration (IEC) and logarithm to the base 10 of IEC (loglEC) in ‘Jonagold’ (Malus domestica Borkh.) apples. The initial rapid increase in SI, loglEC, and yellow ground color coincided with one another and occurred ≈20 days before the increase in IEC and incidence of watercore (WC). In 1984, 1985, and 1986, the first acceptable picking date for British Columbia-grown ‘Jonagold’ was about 10 Oct., when the fruit had attained an acceptable amount of color (50% to 85% area greater than No. 2 red color and 4.0-4.5 yellow color units on a 0-10 scale) and a good level of firmness (73-76 N), soluble solids (13.5% to 14.5%), starch (SI of 6.5-7.0 on a 0-9 scale), and acids (661-782 mg malate/100 ml of juice), but without much WC (2% to 13%) or ethylene (0.3-1.5 μl·liter−1 IEC; 5% to 40% of fruit with IEC > 1 μl·liter−1). Fruit picked on 20 Oct. were softer, lower in acids and storage potential, and more susceptible to WC, coreflush (CF), and breakdown (BD) than those picked 10 Oct. Fruit harvested from mature trees stored well at 0°C in air until February and in controlled atmosphere (CA, 1.5% O2 + 1.5% CO2) until June. Fruit from young trees were large and developed BD in air storage as early as November; fruit afflicted with BD were lower in Ca and higher in K : Ca ratio than those free of the disorder. Dessert and sensory ratings were higher in ‘Jonagold’ than in ‘McIntosh’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Spartan’, and ‘Delicious’ and were also higher in fruit from CA than from air storage.
Postharvest Glyphosate Application Reduces Toughening, Fiber Content, and Lignification of Stored Asparagus Spears
Authors: Saltveit Mikal E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Standing freshly harvested 21-cm asparagus spears (Asparagus officinalis L.) in 50 ml of 1 mg·liter−1 to 10 g·liter−1 aqueous glyphosate solutions significantly decreased toughening and the amount of fiber and lignin in spears stored at 2.5°C for 10 or 20 days. The effect increased with storage time and concentration, but decreased with distance from the cut end. Depending on the time of harvest and length of storage, 1 g·liter−1 glyphosate increased the usable portion of the spear from 40% to 60%. Chemical name used: N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate).
Compositional Changes in Ginger Rhizomes During Storage
Authors: Paull Robert E. , Chen Nancy Jung , Goo Theodore T.C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Compositional changes in ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) rhizome stored at 22° or 12.5°C were studied. The rhizome surface Hunter “b” value increased from 9.2 to 18 in 4 weeks. Water loss did not become significant until 12 weeks of storage at 22°. There was little increase in dry matter of rhizomes stored at 12.5°. Rhizome crude fiber content, oil percentage, total phenols, and protein content did not change significantly. Rhizome total sugar increased significantly during storage at 12.5° for 32 weeks with pungency increasing 5-fold, as measured by gingerol content. No significant volatile flavor changes were noted, with rhizome variation being greater than storage effect. The changes in rhizome surface color did not lead to a significant loss in quality. The increase in pungency could be regarded as a favorable improvement in the fresh ginger market. The loss of water and increase in dry matter percentage significantly decrease overall appearance and quality of rhizomes stored at 22°.
Screening Interspecific Blueberry Seedling Populations for Drought Resistance
Authors: Erb W. Alan , Draper Arlen D. , Swartz Harry J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Open-pollinated species, interspecific hybrid seedling populations, and selected clones propagated by softwood cuttings and tissue culture were used to further evaluate the use of dry soil to screen blueberry seedlings for drought resistance. These different propagation types of Vaccinium (subgenus Cyanococcus) were screened for drought resistance in a Galestown fine sandy loam soil. The soil was permitted to dry to progressively higher soil tension levels to a maximum of 0.8 MPa. The plants were evaluated by scoring them on a 1 to 9 shoot damage rating scale and by determining the fraction of total biomass partitioned as roots. Drought resistance in blueberries is heritable and there is a high degree of genetic diversity within and among Vaccinium spp. for resistance to water deficits. Southern species (Vaccinium darrowi Camp, V. elliottii Chapman, and V. ashei Reade) were more drought-resistant than northern species (V. corymbosum L., V. vacillans Torrey, and V. myrtilloides Michaux), which demonstrated the reliability of this soil screening method. Clones with half their germplasm from southern species were usually drought-resistant. This screening method can be used to select for shoot and root vigor and drought resistance in 6- to 7-month-old blueberry seedlings.
Stability in Fruit Yield, Soluble Solids, and Citric Acid of Eight Machine-harvested Processing Tomato Cultivars in Northern Ohio
Authors: Berry S.Z. , Uddin M. Rafique , Gould W.A. , Bisges A.D. , Dyer G.D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Stability and variation of fruit yield, soluble solids, and citric acid content of eight tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars over 6 years were investigated. The cultivar Ohio 7814 exhibited above-average yield and yield stability. The cultivars showed a wide range of variation for percent soluble solids and citric acid. The cultivar Ohio 7870 was least variable in soluble solids, and ‘Heinz 2653’ most variable. Regarding citric acid, ‘Heinz 722’ had the largest seasonal variation, whereas ‘Ohio 7814’ had the least. A linear relationship between fruit yield and percent soluble solids was not detected on the basis of 6 years of data.
Relationship Between Achene Number, Achene Density, and Berry Fresh Weight in Strawberry
Authors: Strik Bernadine C. , Proctor John T.A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Field-grown genotypes (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) were studied in two seasons to determine the relationship of primary berry fresh weight to the total number of achenes per berry and the number of achenes/cm2 of receptacle tissue. Within genotypes grown in matted rows (1985), berry fresh weight was correlated with the total number of achenes per berry. In the hill system (1986), berry weight was correlated with the number of achenes and the number of achenes/cm2. Genotypic variation in berry weight in the matted row was related to the total number of achenes. In the hill system, there were no differences in the total number of achenes per berry between high- and low-yielding genotypes, but the highest-yielding genotype had fewer achenes/cm2.
Freezing Woody Plant Stems Produces Acoustic Emissions
Authors: Weiser Russell L. , Wallner Stephen J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Freezing woody stem segments of supercooling and non-supercooling species resulted in acoustic emissions in characteristic reproducible patterns. In the supercooling species examined (Fraxinus americana, Malus × ‘Dolgo’, Pyrus communis, and Fraxinus pennsylvanica), many acoustic emissions began after extracellular freezing, but before freezing of the supercooled fraction, and ended near −40°C. Acoustic emissions also occurred in species that did not supercool (Pinus edulis, Pinus ponderosa, and Cornus sericea), but to a much lesser extent. Cavitation of water within the cells during freezing is discussed as a source of acoustic emissions and possible cause of freezing injury.
Influence of Herbicides on Bermudagrass Greens Overseeded With Perennial Ryegrass
Authors: Johnson Billy J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Two field experiments were initiated to determine the effects of herbicides on turfgrass quality and spring to summer transition from overseeded perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) back to ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass [Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davy × Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]. Pendimethalin applied at 3.3 kg·ha−1 in early March hastened the transition from ryegrass to bermudagrass in one of two years, but 1.7 kg·ha−1 applied in each of two applications did not. A single application of pronamide at 0.28 kg·ha−1 hastened the transition of overseeded ryegrass to bermudagrass without severely injuring either turfgrass. Oryzalin, oryzalin + benefin, or paraquat severely reduced the quality of ryegrass, while oxadiazon at 3.3 kg·ha−1, oxadiazon + benefin, glyphosate, metribuzin, or MSMA did not affect transition from overseeded ryegrass to bermudagrass when compared with nontreated turfgrass. This study illustrates the potential for some herbicides to enhance the transition from perennial ryegrass to bermudagrass. Chemical names used: N-butyl-N-ethyl-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine (benefin); dimethyl 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (DCPA); (±)-2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl methanesulfonate (ethofumesate); N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate); N-[2,4-dimethyl-5-[[(trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl]amino]phenyI]acetamide (mefluidide); 4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthiol)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one (metribuzin); monosodium salt of MAA (MSMA); 4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrobenzene-sulfonamide (oryzalin); 3-[2,4-dichloro-5-(1-methylethoxy)-phenyl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-(3H)-one-(oxadiazon); 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium salts (paraquat); N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzamine (pendimethalin); and 3,5-dichloro(N-1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benamide (pronamide).
Tomato Production and Weed Control in Notillage Versus Conventional Tillage
Authors: Shelby Paulus P. , Coffey David L. , Rhodes G. Neil , Jeffery Larry S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Field studies were conducted in 1983 and 1984 to evaluate the feasibility of growing fresh-market tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Floradade’) in no-tillage or conventional tillage systems and to evaluate the efficacy of postemergence herbicides under both tillage systems. In 1983, marketable fruit yields in no-tillage were nearly twice those from conventional tillage. In 1984, there were no statistical differences in marketable yields among herbicide treatments or between tillage systems. Yields were higher in 1984 than in 1983, largely due to more favorable growing conditions. In both years, metribuzin provided good broadleaf weed control. In 1983, annual grasses were better controlled in no-tillage with a sequential metribuzin application for fluazifop following metribuzin than with a single metribuzin application. Marketable yields were highest in plots where annual grasses were adequately controlled. Sequential metribuzin applications provided good broadleaf weed control and postemergence grass herbicides each provided excellent annual grass control in 1984. Chemical names used: (±)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid (fluazifop); 4-amino-6-(1,1-diemthylethyl)-3-(methyIthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one (metribuzin).
Phosphorus Concentration and Application Interval Influence Growth and Mycorrhizal Infection of Tomato and Onion Transplants
Authors: Waterer Douglas R. , Coltman Robert R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Transplants of ‘Healani’ tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and ‘Yellow Granex’ onion (Allium cepa L.) inoculated with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (VAMF) Glomus aggregatum (Schenck and Smith emend. Koske) were grown in peat-vermiculite fertilized with solutions containing 4, 16, 64, or 256 mg P/liter, applied daily or every 4 or 8 days. Increasing the total amount of P available to the transplants by either increasing the P concentration or by decreasing the interval between applications increased plant total fresh weights (TFW) and shoot P concentrations, but decreased root VAMF infection. Inoculation reduced tomato TFW when P availability was high. Inoculation increased onion shoot P concentrations and TFW only when P availability was very low. Frequent applications of solutions low in P produced larger transplants with higher levels of VAMF infection than did similar total amounts of P supplied less frequently but at higher concentrations. Different combinations of P concentration and application intervals were required for the production of vigorous mycorrhizal tomato and onion transplants.
Axillary Shoot Abscission in Pecan and Its Relationship to Growth Regulators
Authors: Wood Bruce W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The relatively low incidence of axillary shoot development in pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] and its detrimental impact on nut productivity prompted: 1) an evaluation of methods to induce axillary shoot morphogenesis, and 2) estimation of levels of endogenous phytohormones in abscising and nonabscising axillary shoots. Retention of developing shoots from 1-year-old terminals was increased three-fold by ringing. Application of benzyladenine (BA) delayed, but did not prevent, shoot abscission, whereas abscisic acid (ABA), indoleacetic acid (IAA), and gibberellic acid (GA3) applications had no detectable effect. Normal morphogenesis of axillary shoots was independent of the presence of developing catkins. Phytohormones tentatively identified in pecan axillary shoots and catkins were IAA, ABA, dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR), t-zeatin riboside (ZR), trans-zeatin (Z), and dihydrozeatin (DHZ). A possible influence of these substances on budbreak and shoot morphogenesis is discussed. Axillary shoots eventually abscising exhibited a substantially higher level of IAA-like and ABA-like substances than did shoots completing morphogenesis. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine(BA); abscisic acid (ABA); 1H-indole-3-acetic acid (IAA); gibberellic acid (GA,).
Ripening of Mature-green Tomato Fruit Slices
Authors: Mencarelli Fabio , Saltveit Mikal E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Equatorial 7-mm-thick slices of mature-green tomato fruit (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill., cv. Castlemart) ripened normally, and changes in the concentrations of lycopene, soluble solids content, and titratable acids and in pH were analogous to, although in some cases significantly different from, changes in whole fruit that were harvested when mature-green and ripened. An untrained taste panel scored ripened slices acceptable to good, and no off-flavors were detected. Slices of mature-green tomato fruit can be ripened to an acceptable level of quality, and could provide an additional outlet for fresh-market tomatoes to the home and institutional markets.
Genetic Analysis of Isozyme Polymorphism in Grape
Authors: Weeden Norman F. , Reisch Bruce I. , Martens Mary-Howell E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Genetic analysis of 11 allozyme polymorphisms was performed on the progeny of ‘Cayuga White’ × ‘Aurora’, two complex interspecific grape (Vitis) hybrids. Segregation for most of the polymorphisms closely approximated monogenic Mendelian ratios, and eight new isozyme loci were defined for grape. Joint segregation analysis among the isozyme loci revealed three multilocus linkage groups. These results demonstrate that sufficient allozyme polymorphism exists in grape to establish many multilocus linkage groups and that this genetic analysis can be accomplished using extant progeny or progeny readily produced from highly heterozygous clones.
Ethylene-induced Defoliation in Ficus Species and Ethylene Depletion by Soil Bacteria in Peat-amended Media and in Vitro
Authors: Turner Melanie A. , Reed David W. , Morgan David L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ficus benjamina L. and F. stricta Miguel. were exposed to various concentrations of ethylene gas and ethephon to determine their sensitivity to defoliation. F. stricta was more sensitive to ethephon, whereas F. benjamina was more sensitive to ethylene gas. Plants growing in medium exposed to ethylene gas depleted ethylene from the ambient atmosphere. Double-autoclaving the peat : perlite growing medium prevented ethylene depletion, indicating soil microbes as the source of depletion. Bacterial isolates from the medium depleted ethylene in vitro; fungal isolates did not deplete ethylene. The eight species of bacteria isolated into pure culture depleted 9% to 46% of the ethylene from the flask atmosphere over 5 days, with two Enterobacter spp. and one Pseudomonas sp. being the most effective depleters. Chemical name used: (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon).
Modeling and Simulation of Tree Wraps and Microsprinkler Irrigation for Young Citrus Freeze Protection: II. Factors Affecting Protection
Authors: Rieger Mark , Smerage Glen H. , Davies Frederick S. , Jackson Larry K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Computer simulation was used to study factors affecting freeze protection of young citrus trees using tree wraps and microsprinkler irrigation. Simulation results suggest tree wraps provide 1° to 2°C more freeze protection when air temperature decreased linearly rather than exponentially with time toward a minimum value. Tree wraps provided greater freeze protection when air temperature decreased rapidly (0.75°/hr) than slowly (0.5° or 0.25°/hr). Thus, variation in rate and pattern of air temperature decrease among freeze nights may be responsible for inconsistent levels of freeze protection observed with tree wraps. Changing irrigation water temperature from 12° to 7° or 17° produced changes in trunk temperature under radiative, but not advective, freeze conditions. Simulated positioning of the microsprinklers to maximize coverage of the wrap surface with water provided better freeze protection than positioning that resulted in increased water interception. Increasing windspeed from 0 to 10 m·s−1 reduced temperature of an irrigated wrapped trunk by 5°. Without irrigation, temperature of a wrapped trunk was largely unaffected by windspeed. Reducing humidity from 80% to 20% had a negligible effect on trunk temperature of irrigated wrapped trees under radiative and advective freeze conditions.
Effect of Storage Temperature, Duration, and Gibberellic Acid on the Flowering of Zantedeschia elliottiana and Z. ‘Pink Satin’
Authors: Funnell Keith A. , Tjia Benny O. , Stanley C. Jill , Cohen Daniel , Sedcole J. Richard 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Tubers of Zantedeschia elliottiana (Watson) Engl. and the hybrid Z. ‘Pink Satin’, a Z. rehmannii Engl.-like selection, were stored at 5°C. Over a 3-month period they were transferred to incubators at 12°, 18°, or 24° for 2, 4, 6, 8, or 12 weeks of holding. One-third of these tubers were planted in moist media during this time; the remaining tubers were stored dry and on removal were sprayed with either gibberellic acid (GA3) at 50 mg·liter−1 or distilled water before planting and transfer to a greenhouse. The proportion of flowering of dry-stored tubers of Z. elliottiana was reduced by prolonged storage at 5°. Subsequent storage at 12° did not reduce this proportion, but, at 18° and 24° flowering was reduced further. Tubers of Z. ‘Pink Satin’ were less sensitive to the duration of dry storage at 5°, but increasing time of storage at all subsequent temperatures caused a progressive decrease in the proportion of tubers that flowered. The proportion of moist-stored tubers of both selections that flowered was greater than that for tubers stored dry for an equivalent time. A preplant treatment with GA3 enabled almost total compensation for reduced flowering except after the longest period of storage.
Sulfur-coated Urea as a Slow-release Nitrogen Source for Onions
Authors: Brown Bradford D. , Hornbacher Albert J. , Naylor Denny V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Field studies with onions (Allium cepa L. cv Monarch) were conducted in 1980 and 1981 to compare preplant-banded sulfur-coated urea (SCU) with preplant-banded and split applications of urea. Treatments were evaluated at two N rates, 56 and 224 kg·ha−1. Root NO3-N and soil NO3-N concentrations in bed centers indicated slower release of N from SCU than from urea. Nevertheless, total and large bulb (> 76 mm in diameter) yields and N uptake in onion bulbs and leaves from SCU were significantly higher under low-N conditions than with preplant urea, but did not differ significantly from split urea treatments.
Aerobic–anaerobic Respiratory Transition in Pear Fruit and Cultured Pear Fruit Cells
Authors: Boersig Michael R. , Kader Adel A. , Romani Roger J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The extinction point (EP), defined as the lowest O2 concentration at which alcohol production ceases, was a useful concept in early interpretations of the Pasteur effect in fruit. However, ethanol is now known to be a normal constituent of many fruits under aerobic conditions. Therefore, we propose an alternative concept, the anaerobic compensation point (ACP), defined as the O2 concentration at which CO2 evolution is minimum. After 2 to 4 hr under various O2 concentrations, the ACPs of mature-green pears (Pyrus communis L.) and pear cell cultures are 1.6% to 1.7% and 1.1% to 1.3% O2, respectively. The ACP shifts to lower O2 concentrations upon extended exposure of the cells to low-O2 atmospheres and to higher O2 concentrations as pear fruit mature physiologically or as the diffusion coefficient of cell suspensions is decreased. With O2 diffusion coefficients of 4.4, 3.7, and 2.5 × 10−6 cm2·s−1, the ACP effect is observed just below 1.3%, 3.0%, and 5.0% O2, respectively. Analogies between the responses of intact fruit and suspension-cultured cells to limiting O2 are illustrated and use of the latter in assessing the response of pear cells to changing coefficients of diffusion is discussed.
Evaluation of Storage Methods for ‘Granex’ Onions
Authors: Smittle Doyle A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Granex’ onions were stored in an air-conditioned room at 27°C, at 5° in air, 5% CO2−3% O2 or 10% CO2−3% O2, and at 1° in air or 5% CO2−3% O2. Relative humidity of storages at 5° and 1° was maintained at 70% to 85%. The quantity of marketable bulbs decreased 12% to 25% per month when stored at room temperature. Virtually all onions were marketable after 7 months of storage at 1° in 5% CO2−3% O2. More than 92% of these bulbs remained in a marketable condition after an additional 3 weeks in air at room temperature. Bulb quality of these sweet onions decreased during storage, as indicated by lower sugar concentrations and greater pungency. Bulb quality decreased most rapidly when onions were stored in air at 1° and least rapidly when onions were stored in 5% CO2−3% O2 at either 1° or 5°.
Changes in Carbohydrates and Osmotic Potential during Rhythmic Expansion of Rose Petals
Authors: Evans Richard Y. , Reid Michael S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Rhythmic pulses of irreversible petal expansion in rose (Rosa hybrida L. ‘Sonia’) petals cause diurnal changes in the rate of flower opening. Time-lapse cinematography revealed a transient increase in the rate of rose flower opening that commenced shortly before the onset of a light period and lasted for a few hours. Petal expansion, which occurred sequentially from the outer to the innermost whorl, involved rhythmic increases in fresh and dry weights. The amount of expansion was greatest in the distal portion of each petal and least near the petal base. Periods of rapid expansion were accompanied by decreases in starch and increases in soluble sugars in the petals, but the total carbohydrate content of the petals remained constant during a light–dark cycle. During expansion, the osmotic potential of the outer petal increased from −790 to −690 kPa. Starch hydrolysis during petal growth appears to be important for maintenance of cell size, but it is not the factor controlling cell expansion.