bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A core UPS molecular complement implicates unique endocytic compartments at the parasite-host interface in Giardia lamblia
Authors: Balmer Erina A. , Wirdnam Corina D. , Faso Carmen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnconventional protein secretion (UPS) plays important roles in processes for the survival of the cell and whole organisms. In contrast to canonical secretory routes, UPS does not generally require secretory signal sequences and often bypasses secretory compartments such as the ER and the Golgi apparatus.Giardia lamblia is a protozoan parasite of global medical importance and reduced subcellular complexity known to release several proteins, some of them virulence factors, without canonical secretory signals, thus implicating UPS at the parasite-host interface. No dedicated machinery nor mechanism(s) for UPS in Giardia are currently known, although speculations on unique endocytic Giardia compartments called PV/PECs have been put forth.To begin to address the question of whether PV/PECs are implicated in virulence-associated UPS and to define the composition of molecular machinery involved in release of confirmed and putative virulence factors, in this study we employed affinity purification and mass spectrometry coupled to microscopy-based subcellular localization and signal correlation quantification techniques to investigate protein complexes of eleven reported unconventionally-secreted putative and confirmed virulence factors, all predicted to be cytosolic. A subset of selected putative and confirmed virulence factors, along with their interaction partners, unequivocally associate to the surface of PV/PECs. Extended and validated interactomes point to a core PV/PECs-associated UPS machinery, which includes uncharacterized and Giardia-specific coiled-coil proteins and NEK kinases. Finally, a specific subset of the alpha-giardin protein family was invariably found enriched in all PV/PECs-associated protein interactomes, highlighting a previously unappreciated role for these proteins at PV/PECs and in UPS.Taken together, our results provide the first characterization of a virulence-associated UPS protein complex in Giardia lamblia at PVs/PECs, suggesting a novel link between these primarily endocytic and feeding organelles and UPS at the parasite-host interface.
Origins of smooth muscle and evolutionary specializations of the pulmonary mesenchyme in the vertebrate lung
Authors: Goodwin Katharine , Palmer Michael A. , Lemma Bezia , Nelson Celeste M. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryEvolution has generated a beautiful diversity of epithelial architectures in the lungs of terrestrial vertebrates, from the tree-like lungs of mammals, to the sac-like lungs of reptiles, to the looped airways of birds. The physical mechanisms that generate pulmonary epithelia of such different shapes are just beginning to be uncovered. Pulmonary smooth muscle plays stage-dependent roles in shaping the epithelium during lung development in the mouse, anole, and chicken. We hypothesized that differences in the timing and spatial patterns of smooth muscle differentiation correspond to distinct patterns of gene expression in the pulmonary mesenchyme. To test this hypothesis and investigate differences in pulmonary smooth muscle patterning across terrestrial vertebrates, we generated scRNA-seq datasets from lungs of mouse, anole, and chicken embryos. These data revealed that smooth muscle regulators are expressed in similar patterns in mouse and anole lungs, in which epithelial branches are sculpted by smooth muscle, but diverge in chicken lungs, in which the epithelium branches in the absence of smooth muscle. Pulmonary smooth muscle differentiates from the lung mesenchyme in mouse and anole. Surprisingly, however, bioinformatic and experimental evidence suggest that pulmonary smooth muscle is derived from vascular smooth muscle in chicken. Furthermore, our data revealed differences in the timing and extent of smooth muscle innervation across species. These findings highlight how terrestrial vertebrates have evolutionarily repurposed similar morphogenetic motifs to build lungs that suit their energetic needs.
Cardiac contraction and relaxation are regulated by beta 1 adrenergic receptor-generated cAMP pools at distinct membrane locations
Authors: Lin Ting-Yu , Mai Quynh N. , Zhang Hao , Wilson Emily , Chien Huan-Chieh , Yee Sook Wah , Giacomini Kathleen M. , Olgin Jeffrey E. , Irannejad Roshanak 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCells interpret a variety of signals through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and stimulate the generation of second messengers such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). A long-standing puzzle is deciphering how GPCRs elicit different physiological responses despite generating similar levels of cAMP. We previously showed that some GPCRs generate cAMP from both the plasma membrane and the Golgi apparatus. Here, we demonstrate that cardiomyocytes distinguish between subcellular cAMP inputs to elicit different physiological outputs. We show that generating cAMP from the Golgi leads to regulation of a specific PKA target that increases the rate of cardiomyocyte relaxation. In contrast, cAMP generation from the plasma membrane activates a different PKA target that increases contractile force. We further validated the physiological consequences of these observations in intact zebrafish and mice. Thus, we demonstrate that the same GPCR acting through the same second messenger regulates cardiac contraction and relaxation dependent on its subcellular location.
High-performing neural network models of visual cortex benefit from high latent dimensionality
Authors: Elmoznino Eric , Bonner Michael F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGeometric descriptions of deep neural networks (DNNs) have the potential to uncover core representational principles of computational models in neuroscience. Here we examined the geometry of DNN models of visual cortex by quantifying the latent dimensionality of their natural image representations. A popular view holds that optimal DNNs compress their representations onto low-dimensional subspaces to achieve invariance and robustness, which suggests that better models of visual cortex should have lower dimensional geometries. Surprisingly, we found a strong trend in the opposite direction—neural networks with high-dimensional image subspaces tended to have better generalization performance when predicting cortical responses to held-out stimuli in both monkey electrophysiology and human fMRI data. Moreover, we found that high dimensionality was associated with better performance when learning new categories of stimuli, suggesting that higher dimensional representations are better suited to generalize beyond their training domains. These findings suggest a general principle whereby high-dimensional geometry confers computational benefits to DNN models of visual cortex.
Morphological and sensorimotor phenotypes in a zebrafish CHARGE syndrome model are domain-dependent
Authors: Hodorovich Dana R. , Lindsley Patrick M. , Berry Austen A. , Burton Derek F. , Marsden Kurt C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCHARGE syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by a spectrum of defects affecting multiple tissues and behavioral difficulties such as autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, and sensory deficits. Most CHARGE cases arise fromde novo, loss-of-function mutations in a master transcriptional regulator, chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding-protein-7 (CHD7). CHD7 regulates key neurodevelopmental factors and is required for neural processes including neuronal differentiation and neural crest cell migration, but how CHD7 affects neural circuit function to regulate behavior is unclear. To investigate the pathophysiology of behavioral symptoms in CHARGE, we established a mutantchd7zebrafish line using CRISPR/Cas9 that recapitulates multiple CHARGE phenotypes. Using a panel of behavioral assays, we find thatchd7mutants have specific auditory and visually driven behavioral deficits that are independent of defects in sensory structures, implicatingchd7in the regulation of underlying brain circuits. Furthermore, by analyzing multiplechd7alleles we show that the penetrance of morphological and behavioral phenotypes depends on the mutation location. These results provide novel insight into the heterogeneity of CHARGE syndrome and will inform future work to define mechanisms of CHD7-dependent neurobehavioral symptoms.Summary statementMutation location withinchd7affects the expression of CHARGE Syndrome-related morphological and behavioral phenotypes in a larval zebrafish CHARGE model.
Multipartite super-enhancers function in an orientation-dependent manner
Authors: Kassouf Mira T. , Francis Helena S. , Gosden Matthew , Suciu Maria C. , Downes Damien J. , Harrold Caroline , Larke Martin , Oudelaar Marieke , Cornell Lucy , Blayney Joseph , Telenius Jelena , Xella Barbara , Shen Yuki , Sousos Nikolaos , Sharpe Jacqueline A. , Sloane-Stanley Jacqueline , Smith Andrew , Babbs Christian , Hughes Jim R. , Higgs Douglas R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTranscriptional enhancers regulate gene expression in a developmental-stage and cell-specific manner. They were originally defined as individual regulatory elements that activate expression regardless of distance and orientation to their cognate genes. Genome-wide studies have shown that the mammalian enhancer landscape is much more complex, with different classes of individual enhancers and clusters of enhancer-like elements combining in additive, synergistic and redundant manners, possibly acting as single, integrated regulatory elements. These so-called super-enhancers are largely defined as clusters of enhancer-like elements which recruit particularly high levels of Mediator and often drive high levels of expression of key lineage-specific genes. Here, we analysed 78 erythroid-specific super-enhancers and showed that, as units, they preferentially interact in a directional manner, to drive expression of their cognate genes. Using the well characterised α-globin super-enhancer, we show that inverting this entire structure severely downregulates α-globin expression and activates flanking genes 5’ of the super-enhancer. Our detailed genetic dissection of the α-globin locus clearly attributes the cluster’s functional directionality to its sequence orientation, demonstrating that, unlike regular enhancers, super-enhancers act in an orientation-dependent manner. Together, these findings identify a novel emergent property of super-enhancers and revise current models by which enhancers are thought to contact and activate their cognate genes.
Levelling up or down: leader’s strategies to encounter downward envy in family-owned software houses
Authors: Aftab Shafaq , Saleem Irfan , Belwal Rakesh 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThis study aims to invoke social comparison theory and researches mainly on leaders’ downward envy at workplaces in a collectivist culture. The study also aims to infer and explain the constructive and destructive behaviour of benign envy (BE) and malicious envy (ME) in the workplace by studying supervisor-subordinate dyads.Design/methodology/approachA survey was conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. The sample included 352 randomly chosen supervisor-subordinate dyads from registered software houses in Pakistan. Partial least square SEM was used to test the proposed model and hypotheses.FindingsThis research identified that the leaders' gratitude and workplace friendship encourage leaders to adopt a levelling-up strategy to encounter benign envy (BE). In contrast, subordinates’ low level of loyalty and affect towards supervisors cause ME. The study also found that BE motivates frustrated supervisors to behave positively, whereas ME triggers the envious supervisor to threaten their aides with abusive supervision. However, envious supervisors with high core self-evaluation and gratitude are more likely to reflect self-improvement.Practical implicationsThis study gives key insights to organisations on recognising the potential of downward envy, using it purposefully, and managing the consequences constructively. For instance, organizations could train leaders to understand the holistic view of downward envy to help them focus on self-improvement instead of abusing employees. In addition, training employees on envy could help them demonstrate warmth and competence.Originality/valueThe study is original and valuable in three aspects. Theoretically, this study develops a generic framework for dealing with downward envy. Contextually, the study brings a piece of evidence from software houses in Asia to study downward envy. Practically, this study suggests tactics to deal with downward envy in family-owned tech firms operating in emerging markets.
The effects of organizational positioning and donation recognition on charitable giving: insights from moral foundations theory
Authors: Paramita Widya , Septianto Felix , Escadas Marco , Arnita Devi , Nasution Reza Ashari 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThe present research aims to investigate the influence of organizational positioning by drawing upon moral foundations theory in relation to driving charitable giving, and the moderating role of recognition in this regard.Design/methodology/approachTwo experimental studies were conducted to examine the interactive effect of organizational positioning emphasizing a binding (vs an individualizing) moral foundation and donation recognition on charitable giving. Study 1 was conducted in Indonesia, while Study 2 was conducted in the US.FindingsThis research demonstrates that individuals will give higher donations to an organization with a binding (vs an individualizing) moral foundation that provides donation recognition. Further, this effect is mediated by social identity signaling.Originality/valueThe findings of this research provide a novel perspective on how organizational positioning can influence whether donation recognition increases charitable giving. Moreover, the findings offer managerial implications to non-profit organizations developing effective charitable campaigns in terms of combining appropriate organizational positioning and donation recognition strategies.
Factors promoting customer citizenship behaviours and the moderating role of self-monitoring: a study of ride-hailing services
Authors: Van Tonder Estelle , Petzer Daniel J. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
This study aims to broaden understanding of why customers engage in helping and feedback citizenship behaviours. Beyond traditional attitude–behaviour relationships, limited insight is available on the additional role of symbolic factors, such as self-congruence perceptions, in motivating citizenship behaviours. Literature further suggests self-monitoring affects social behaviours, yet extant research has not accounted for this personality trait’s moderating influence on customer helping and feedback citizenship behaviours. Accordingly, a research model is developed, providing novel insight into factors promoting helping and feedback citizenship behaviours and the moderating role of self-monitoring in a ride-hailing service context.

Design/methodology/approach
The research is guided by self-monitoring literature and the social exchange and similarity-attraction theories. Survey data from 609 ride-hailing customers in an emerging market country is analysed using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling, and the chi-square difference test.

Findings
This study shows that perceived justice (a cognitive attitudinal factor) influences helping citizenship intention in the low self-monitoring group, while self-congruity (a symbolic factor) affects helping and feedback citizenship intention in the high self-monitoring group. Affective commitment towards the ride-hailing brand (an affective attitudinal factor) does not impact customer citizenship intentions.

Research limitations/implications
Although customers may be interested in brands’ functional and symbolic benefits, positive attitudes about the service experienced motivate low self-monitors, while a symbolic-driven factor like self-congruence is more successful in motivating high self-monitors to engage in customer citizenship behaviours.

Originality/value
Novel insight is obtained into the additional influence of self-congruity on customer citizenship behaviours, a neglected factor in extant research involving customer citizenship behaviours that is explained by the similarity-attraction theory. Furthermore, this study provides a pioneering view of the relevance of the self-monitoring theory in moderating customer citizenship behaviours, specifically in ride-hailing services.
Privacy matters: impact of ethical organization care and government regulations on customer patronage
Authors: Bano Sobia , Mirza Muhammad Zeeshan , Sohail Marva , Javaid Muhammad Umair 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has given an upsurge to online retailing in Pakistan. This shift has escalated the issues about privacy concerns among consumers. Keeping in view the growing concerns, the objective of this study is to investigate customer patronage in online shopping and the role of privacy concerns in this relationship.Design/methodology/approachTo generalize the relationship between antecedents and outcomes of privacy concerns, a cross-disciplinary macro model was used. Data were collected through a survey method from the consumers who used credit and debit cards during online shopping.FindingsResults show that government regulations have a significant positive relationship with privacy concerns and customer patronage. Privacy concerns are found to have a significant negative relationship with organizational ethical care while customer patronage was found to have a significant positive relationship with organizational ethical care. Customer patronage was also found to have a significant negative relationship with privacy concerns. Privacy concerns mediated the relationship between government regulations and customer patronage, whereas privacy concerns does not mediate the relationship between organizational ethical care and customer patronage.Originality/valueThe research adds to the existing literature and highlights the customer behavior toward online shopping/e-commerce in developing economies. The research gives a direction to stakeholders to counter privacy concerns and ensure safer e-commerce practices.
Female executives and firm value: the moderating effect of co-CEO power gaps
Authors: Hong Jiyeun , Kim Su-In 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThis study aims to examine the moderating effect of co-CEO power gaps on the impact of female executives on firm value. Several studies have suggested that female executives have a positive effect on improving firm value. The authors would like to examine whether this relationship changes because of co-CEO power gaps.Design/methodology/approachFor empirical analysis, 426 non-financial companies are selected from companies listed in the Korean securities market from 2013 to 2018. The relationships between dummy variables of female CEOs, outside directors, registered executives and Tobin’s Q are examined, and the moderating effect of co-CEO power gaps that scored various factors is verified.FindingsThe results of this study show that female executives have a positive impact on firm value, but the larger the co-CEOs power gap is, the weaker that impact is.Practical implicationsThe mutual monitoring of co-CEOs substitutes for governance mechanisms, but if there are power gaps between co-CEOs, then the leadership cannot be equitably shared and the mutual monitoring effect can be weakened.Originality/valueThis study contributes to research on corporate executives by analyzing the relationship between female executives related to shared leadership and firm values in Korean companies. Especially, this study finds that the role of female executives is differentiated according to co-CEO power gaps by using the CEO power index that reflects the characteristics of Korean corporate governance.
Natural convection in a sinusoidally heated cavity filled with ferrofluid in the presence of partial variable magnetic field
Authors: Geridonmez Pekmen , Oztop Hakan 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate partial magnetic source (MS) effect on natural convection (NC) flow of a ferrofluid flow in a cavity with sinusoidally heated vertical walls. The combination of ferrohydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics due to the variable magnetic field (MF) and magnetite nanoparticles in one part of the cavity, and the classical NC in the other part of the cavity are concerned.

Design/methodology/approach
The dimensionless equations in stream function-vorticity form are numerically solved by radial basis functions (RBF) based collocation method.

Findings
A remarkable change in fluid flow and heat transfer is noted if the MS location is close to the left sinusoidally heated wall. In particular, the average Nusselt number is the smallest for the middle centered partial MF through the left wall at a large Hartmann number.

Research limitations/implications
RBF collocation approach is limited to small geometries due to the obtained solution globally in the entire domain of the problem.

Practical implications
If the partial restriction of the effect of MF is done in real life, it would be a control parameter at some required/requested areas of the concerned problem.

Social implications
This is a physical problem.

Originality/value
If the proposed idea of partial variable MF is able to be applied to a system in real life, it would be a good controller on fluid flow and heat transfer. RBF-based methods are also alternative numerical procedures to solve heat transfer and fluid flow problems.
A failure mode, effects and criticality analysis-based method for formwork assessment and selection in building construction
Authors: Abu Dabous Saleh , Zadeh Tareq , Ibrahim Fakhariya 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThis study aims at introducing a method based on the failure mode, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) to aid in selecting the most suitable formwork system with the minimum overall cost.Design/methodology/approachThe research includes a review of the literature around formwork selection and analysis of data collected from the building construction industry to understand material failure modes. An FMECA-based model that estimates the total cost of a formwork system is developed by conducting a two-phased semi-structured interview and regression and statistical analyses. The model comprises material, manpower and failure mode costs. A case study of fifteen buildings is analysed using data collected from construction projects in the UAE to validate the model.FindingsResults obtained indicate an average accuracy of 89% in predicting the total formwork cost using the proposed method. Moreover, results show that the costs incurred by failure modes account for 11% of the total cost on average.Research limitations/implicationsThe analysis is limited to direct costs and costs associated with risks; other costs and risk factors are excluded. The proposed framework serves as a guide to construction project managers to enhance decision-making by addressing the indirect cost of failure modes.Originality/valueThe research proposes a novel formwork system selection method that improves upon the subjective conventional selection process by incorporating the risks and uncertainties associated with the failure modes of formwork systems into the decision-making process.