bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperkalaemia as a cause of undertreatment with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in heart failure
Authors: Henrysson Josefin , Thunström Erik , Chen Xiaojing , Fu Michael , Basic Carmen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsTo determine the incidence of hyperkalaemia in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) during up‐titration of guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) in real‐world settings.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records of all patients hospitalized for newly onset HFrEF at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden, between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2019. Based on mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) treatment within the first 6 months, patients were divided into four groups: (i) never received MRA, (ii) needed MRA dose reduction, (iii) needed discontinuation of MRA, and (iv) stable MRA treatment. Potassium levels were assessed at baseline and has the highest potassium level during the 6 months of up‐titration.ResultsOf 3456 patients hospitalized for heart failure, 630 (18%) were eligible (68.4% men, 66.8 years, mean EF of 29.4%). After up‐titration of GDMT 48.4% of patients received MRAs. Patients without MRA treatment were older (P < 0.0001), had lower EF (P = 0.022), had higher NTproBNP (P = 0.017), had lower eGFR (P = 0.001), and were more often treated with angiotensin receptor inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers/angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (all P < 0.0001). In overall study population, hyperkalaemia increased from 5.9 to 24.4% after 6 months of up‐titration of GDMT (P < 0.0001). Among four groups, the incidence of hyperkalaemia throughout up‐titration of GDMT increased from 6.8 to 54.5% in patients with dose reduction of MRA, from 8.8 to 50.9% in those with discontinuation of MRA, from 5 to 10% in patients with stable MRA treatment, and from 6 to 28% in patients who were MRA naive (all P < 0.0001). In the MRA‐naive group, normokalaemia/hypokalaemia occurred in 87.5% at baseline, and after 6 months of up‐titration of GDMT, normokalaemia/hypokalaemia remained in 47.8%, whereas mild, moderate, and severe hyperkalaemia occurred in 22.4%, 5.7%, and 0.9%, respectively.ConclusionsHyperkalaemia increased significantly during up‐titration of GDMT but with varying magnitudes in different clinical phenotypes, which might explain why physicians refrain from prescribing MRAs to patients with HFrEF.
An examination of diversity rationales: How instrumental and moral diversity rationales create minority spotlight
Authors: Chaney Kimberly E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPast research has demonstrated that organizations rationalize their commitment to diversity for instrumental or moral reasons that are differentially preferred by marginalized and privileged groups. Across four studies, the present research contends that privileged group members view instrumental diversity contexts as affording them educational opportunities and view moral diversity contexts as expecting them to afford (meta‐affordances) marginalized group members inclusion, both resulting in a minority spotlight. Moreover, marginalized group members view these diversity rationales through an inverse lens with moral diversity contexts affording them inclusion and instrumental diversity contexts resulting in education meta‐affordances and anticipated minority spotlight. The present findings advance research on implications of diversity rationales, particularly their effect on the attention privileged groups pay to marginalized groups, and marginalized groups’ (accurate) anticipation of this attention.
Research on the generality of icon sizes based on visual attention
Authors: Yan Wen , Zhang Xuwei , Deng Li , Liu Zhiyu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIcon size is one of the key factors affecting the efficiency of information search. The advent of the era of intelligent interaction has made it difficult for icon design to meet the requirements of noncontact, large information volume, and high precision proposed by natural interaction technology in the future. At the same time, with the continuous improvement of display technology, the display resolution has been increased from 720 P to 8 K. Different sizes of display carriers use different resolutions. In order for icons to have efficient recognition at different display resolutions, it is necessary to obtain the best proportional relationship between icon size and display resolution. This paper summarizes the existing relevant research, calculates the ratio of recommended icon size and display resolution as the research variables, and comprehensively evaluates the recommended optimal ratio range of 1:641–1:334 through eye movement, EEG and behavioral response experiments and entropy‐weight TOPSIS method, providing a reference for icon design in various forms of interactive interfaces in the future.
The state of pediatric tuberous sclerosis complex epilepsy care: Results from a national survey
Authors: Whitney Robyn , Zak Maria , Haile Denait , Nabavi Nouri Maryam 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveEpilepsy associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) can be challenging to treat and is associated with significant disease burden. Our objective was to better understand the state of epilepsy care of TSC amongst pediatric neurologists in Canada, identify gaps in care and determine whether access to a dedicated TSC clinic has an impact on epilepsy management.MethodsA survey was developed after a literature review and discussion amongst two pediatric epileptologists and one nurse practitioner with expertise in TSC about the state of epilepsy care of TSC patients in Canada. Canadian pediatric neurologists were asked to participate in sharing their experiences via an anonymous web‐based survey through the Canadian League Against Epilepsy (CLAE) and the Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation (CNSF).ResultsFifty‐seven responses were received. Access to a dedicated TSC clinic was reported by 25% (n = 14). Sixty percent (n = 34) reported performing serial EEG monitoring in infants with TSC and 57% (n = 33) started prophylactic antiseizure therapy when EEG abnormalities were detected, regardless of whether there was access to a TSC clinic (P = .06 andP = .29, respectively). While 52% (n = 29) did not feel comfortable prescribing mTORi for epilepsy, 65% (n = 36) indicated they would consider it with additional training. Epilepsy surgery was offered in 93% (n = 13) of centers with a dedicated TSC clinic but only 45% of centers without a TSC clinic (n = 19) (P = .002).SignificanceOur findings demonstrate the variability in neurological care of pediatric patients with TSC as it pertains to epilepsy management. There is a need for the establishment of epilepsy practice guidelines and a national network to support clinical practice, research, and education.
Groundwater potential mapping based on long time series remote sensing data in Penghu Islands, China
Authors: Cheng Zijian , Cui Huiru , Wang Daqing , Xu Haoli , Wang Yi , Lu Zhao , Zhao Xiaoning , Shi Yue , Lian Xiaoying , Tao Guolin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIslands are special bodies of land surrounded by seawater. Many islands are facing water shortages as the demand for groundwater increases, thus, highlighting the importance and urgency of the assessment, planning, and management of island groundwater resources. To facilitate the same, the groundwater potential of the Penghu Islands in China was assessed for the first time using remote sensing (RS), geographic information system (GIS), and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Long‐term series remote sensing studies were also conducted to monitor the dynamic change in groundwater potential and to identify groundwater potential areas. In this study, the geological environment factors were normalized, and their weight was allocated based on the AHP of RS and GIS. The groundwater potential assessment (GPA) index, established using the weighted comprehensive algorithm, was used to analyse groundwater potential and demarcate groundwater potential zones. Finally, the trend in the spatio‐temporal variation of groundwater potential was analysed using long‐term series remote sensing data. The results from 2015 to 2021 showed that the Penghu Islands can be divided into five groundwater potential zones of different grades, such as 6.3%–8.1% of grade I, 22.2%–24.2% of grade II, 23%–24.4% of grade III, 19.6%–21% of grade IV, and 25.1%–25.5% of grade V. The results of the GPA were verified by comparing them with the abundance of water‐content rock formation in hydrogeologic maps, which yielded correlation coefficients of 78.3%–88.9%. Overall, the groundwater potential zones of different grades in the study area tended to be stable all year‐round, including the zones of grades I and II. The results of this study highlighted the reliability of predicting groundwater potential based on long‐term series remote sensing data and its usability to local personnel in appropriate groundwater resource planning and management.
Incidence of childhood leukemia before and after shut down of nuclear power plants in Germany in 2011: A population‐based register study during 2004 to 2019
Authors: Russo Antonello , Blettner Maria , Merzenich Hiltrud , Wollschlaeger Daniel , Erdmann Friederike , Gianicolo Emilio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe association between leukemia and proximity to nuclear‐power‐plants (NPPs) has been assessed in several countries with inconsistent results. A case‐control study from Germany had shown an increased risk for childhood leukemia (diagnoses 1980‐2003) near NPPs. Germany began shutting down nuclear reactors in 2011, following the Fukushima disaster. We tested whether the previously observed association between leukemia and proximity to NPP persisted despite the shutdown. We used an ecological study design to investigate the incidence of leukemia during 2004 to 2019 in children aged 0 to 14 years living near NPPs where at least one reactor was shut down in 2011. We defined study and control areas as municipalities whose surface area was at least 75% within 10 km or between 10 and 50 km of NPPs, respectively. We calculated age‐standardized rates and incidence rate ratios (IRR) using control‐areas as the reference. We also computed standardized incidence ratios (SIR) separately for each NPP using incidence rates of the German population as a reference. IRR decreased from 1.20 (95% confidence interval: 0.81‐1.77) in 2004 to 2011 to 1.12 (0.75‐1.68) in 2012 to 2019. Analyses of single plants showed an excess of childhood leukemia during 2004 to 2019 for the Unterweser‐NPP, based only on three cases, and the Krümmel‐NPP (n = 14; SIR: 1.98, 1.17‐3.35). We found slightly decreasing of leukemia incidence rate ratios after the shutdown of nuclear reactors in 2011. Due to the small number of cases, risk estimates have large uncertainty. Further research including a longer follow‐up is warranted. The consistent excess of incidence cases around Krümmel may require analytical epidemiological analysis.
A sound velocity method for determining isobaric specific heat capacity
Authors: Pei Jun , Li Hezhang , Zhuang Hua‐Lu , Dong Jinfeng , Cai Bowen , Hu Haihua , Li Jing‐Wei , Jiang Yilin , Su Bin , Zhao Li‐Dong , Li Jing‐Feng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIsobaric specific heat capacity (Cp) is an important parameter not only in physics but also for most materials. Its accurate measurement is particularly critical for performance evaluation of thermoelectric materials, but the experiments by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) often lead to large uncertainties in the measurements, especially at elevated temperatures. In this study, we propose a simple method to determine Cp by measuring the sound velocity (υ) based on lattice vibration and expansion theory. The relative standard error of the υ is smaller than 1%, showing good accuracy and repeatability. The calculated Cp at elevated temperature (>300 K) increases slightly with increasing temperature due to the lattice expansion, which is more reasonable than the Dulong–Petit value.image
An alternative construction of the Hermitian unital 2‐(28, 4, 1) design
Authors: Inoue Koichi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we give an alternative construction of the Hermitian unital 2‐(28, 4, 1) design in such a way that it is constructed on the isotropic vectors in a unitary geometry of dimension 3 over the field . As a corollary, we can construct a unique 3‐(10, 4, 1) design (namely, the Witt system ).
Conditional inactivation of the L‐type amino acid transporter LAT1 in chondrocytes models idiopathic scoliosis in mice
Authors: Iwahashi Sayuki , Lyu Jiajun , Tokumura Kazuya , Osumi Ryoma , Hiraiwa Manami , Kubo Takuya , Horie Tetsuhiro , Demura Satoru , Kawakami Noriaki , Saito Taku , Park Gyujin , Fukasawa Kazuya , Iezaki Takashi , Suzuki Akane , Tomizawa Akane , Ochi Hiroki , Hojo Hironori , Ohba Shinsuke , Hinoi Eiichi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractScoliosis, usually diagnosed in childhood and early adolescence, is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. L‐type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), encoded by solute carrier transporter 7a5 (Slc7a5), plays a crucial role in amino acid sensing and signaling in specific cell types. We previously demonstrated the pivotal role of LAT1 on bone homeostasis in mice, and the expression of LAT1/SLC7A5 in vertebral cartilage of pediatric scoliosis patients; however, its role in chondrocytes on spinal homeostasis and implications regarding the underlying mechanisms during the onset and progression of scoliosis, remain unknown. Here, we identified LAT1 in mouse chondrocytes as an important regulator of postnatal spinal homeostasis. Conditional inactivation of LAT1 in chondrocytes resulted in a postnatal‐onset severe thoracic scoliosis at the early adolescent stage with normal embryonic spinal development. Histological analyses revealed that Slc7a5 deletion in chondrocytes led to general disorganization of chondrocytes in the vertebral growth plate, along with an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in cell proliferation. Furthermore, loss of Slc7a5 in chondrocytes activated the general amino acid control (GAAC) pathway but inactivated the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway in the vertebrae. The spinal deformity in Slc7a5‐deficient mice was corrected by genetic inactivation of the GAAC pathway, but not by genetic activation of the mTORC1 pathway. These findings suggest that the LAT1‐GAAC pathway in chondrocytes plays a critical role in the maintenance of proper spinal homeostasis by modulating cell proliferation and survivability.
Single‐cell RNA‐seq reveals interferon‐induced guanylate‐binding proteins are linked with sarcopenia
Authors: Peng Zhi , Zhang Ruoyu , Kuang Xiaolin , Yu Chen , Niu Shiwei , Du Yongjun , Lu Di , Li Shaobo , Teng Zhaowei , Lu Sheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia is defined as an age‐related progressive loss of muscle mass and/or strength. Although different factors can contribute to this disease, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We assessed transcriptional heterogeneity in skeletal muscles from sarcopenic and control mice at single‐cell resolution.MethodsA mouse model was established to study sarcopenic skeletal muscles. Single‐cell RNA‐seq was performed on tibialis anterior (TA) muscle cells collected from sarcopenic and control mice. A series of bioinformatic analyses were carried out to identify and compare different cell types under different conditions. Immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were used to validate the findings from single‐cell experiments. Tube formation assays were conducted to further evaluate the effects of Gbp2 on endothelial cells during angiogenesis.ResultsA murine sarcopenia model was successfully established using a senescence‐accelerated mouse strain (SAMP6, n = 5). Sarcopenia phenotype was induced by administration of dexamethasone (20 mg/kg) and reduced physical activity. Senescence‐resistant mice strain (SAMR1) and SAMP6 strain with similar activity but injected with PBS were recruited as two control groups. As signs of sarcopenia, body weight, muscle cell counts and cross‐sectional fibre area were all significantly decreased in sarcopenic mice (P value = 0.004, 0.03 and 0.035, respectively). After quality control, 13 612 TA muscle single‐cell transcriptomes were retained for analysis. Fourteen cell clusters were identified from the profiled cells. Among them, two distinct endothelial subtypes were found to be dominant in the sarcopenia group (42.2% cells) and in the two control groups (59.1% and 47.9% cells), respectively. 191 differentially expressed genes were detected between the two endothelial subtypes. Sarcopenia‐specific endothelial cell subtype exhibited a dramatic increase in the interferon family genes and the interferon‐inducible guanylate‐binding protein (GBP) family gene expressions. For example, Igtp and Gbp2 in sarcopenic endothelial cells were 5.4 and 13.3 times higher than those in the control groups, respectively. We further validated our findings in muscle specimens of sarcopenia patients and observed that GBP2 levels were increased in endothelial cells of a subset of patients (11 of 40 patients, 27.5%), and we identified significantly higher CD31 and GBP2 co‐localization (P value = 0.001128). Finally, we overexpressed Gbp2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. The endothelial cells with elevated Gbp2 expression displayed compromised tube formation.ConclusionsOur single‐cell‐based results suggested that endothelial cells may play critical roles in sarcopenia development through interferon‐GBP signalling pathways, highlighting new therapeutic directions to slow down or even reverse age‐related sarcopenia.
ILC3-like ILC2 subset increases in minimal persistent inflammation after acute type II inflammation of allergic rhinitis and inhibited by Biminkang: Plasticity of ILC2 in minimal persistent inflammation
Authors: Chen Xiang-Jing , Liu Cheng , Zhang Shan , Zhang Li-Feng , Meng Wei , Zhang Xin , Sun Meng , Zhang Yue , Wang Ren-Zhong , Yao Cheng-Fang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMinimal persistent inflammation (MPI), the local inflammation that occurs after an acute type II immune response in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), is responsible for airway hyperreactivity and the recurrence of AR. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play a crucial role in mucosal immune homeostasis, but the changes of ILC subsets in the MPI stage remain unclear. In this study, the levels of ILC-secreting cytokines in nasal lavages were analyzed from 19 AR patients and 8 healthy volunteers. AR and MPI model mice were established to study the ILC subsets. The results showed that IL-17A was significantly increased in nasal lavage of AR patients in the MPI stage by MSD technology. When compared with the AR model mice, the frequency of IL-13+ILC2 in the nasal mucosa and lungs decreased, while IL-5+ILC2 remain high in MPI model mice. A part of the IL-5+ILC2 subset displayed ILC3-like characteristics with elevated RORγt, IL-17A and IL-23R expression. Especially, these ILC3-like ILC2 exhibited up-regulation of GATA3+RORγt+ were increased in MPI model mice. After the treatment of Biminkang, the frequencies of IL-5+ILC2, IL-17A+ILC3, and GATA3+RORγt+ILC3-like ILC2 were significantly reduced, and IL-23R expression was also decreased on ILC3-like-ILC2 subset. These results suggested that the elevated IL-17A in the MPI stage has been related to or at least partly due to the increased of ILC3-like ILC2. Biminkang could effectively decrease IL-17A+ILC3 and inhibit ILC3-like ILC2 subset in the MPI stage. Biminkang is effective in administrating MPI by regulating airway ILC homeostasis.
Development of variant‐proof severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, pan‐sarbecovirus, and pan‐β‐coronavirus vaccines
Authors: Zhou Jie , Liu Zezhong , Zhang Guangxu , Xu Wei , Xing Lixiao , Lu Lu , Wang Qian , Jiang Shibo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants with high transmission rates and striking immune evasion have posed a serious challenge to the application of current first‐generation SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines. Other sarbecoviruses, such as SARS‐CoV and SARS‐related coronaviruses (SARSr‐CoVs), have the potential to cause outbreaks in the future. These facts call for the development of variant‐proof SARS‐CoV‐2, pan‐sarbecovirus or pan‐β‐CoV vaccines. Several novel vaccine platforms have been used to develop vaccines with broad‐spectrum neutralizing antibody responses and protective immunity to combat the current SARS‐CoV‐2 and its variants, other sarbecoviruses, as well as other β‐CoVs, in the future. In this review, we discussed the major target antigens and protective efficacy of current SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines and summarized recent advances in broad‐spectrum vaccines against sarbecoviruses and β‐CoVs.
The power of reflection for would‐be leaders: Investigating individual work reflection and its impact on leadership in teams
Authors: Ong Madeline , Ashford Susan J. , Bindl Uta K. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThis paper examines the key role that individual work reflection plays in facilitating individuals' leadership in teams. Consistent with the functional perspective on leadership, we argue that individual work reflection allows individuals to better understand their team's needs, and therefore enact higher levels of task‐, relational‐, and change‐oriented leadership behaviors and be more effective leaders in their teams. We first conducted a series of measure development studies to validate a measure of individual work reflection comprising four dimensions of reflection at work: goals‐, methods‐, relationships‐, and self‐focused reflection. Then, across two independent studies assessing individuals in self‐managing teams over time, we found support for our theoretical model linking individual work reflection to peer‐rated leadership behaviors (Main Studies 1 and 2) and leadership effectiveness (Main Study 2). In further support of our theorizing, Main Study 2 also indicates that individual work reflection shapes leadership behaviors and effectiveness via understanding the team's needs, beyond a wide range of related constructs (e.g., feedback seeking, mindfulness, and rumination), as well as commonly studied predictors of leadership behaviors (i.e., the Big Five). Our theory and empirical findings help advance insights on the role of individual work reflection in improving leadership outcomes in organizations.
How Can Contextual Variables Influence Creative Thinking? Contributions from the Optimal‐Level of Arousal Model
Authors: Gustafsson Erik 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTMore and more research is showing how different environments can lead to greater or lower creative skills. The purpose of this concept paper is to introduce a novel application of the optimal‐level of arousal model that could address inconsistencies present in the literature. After introducing possible definitions of creativity, I discuss the optimal‐level of arousal theory and how considering the “arousal” and “mood changing” potentials of contexts could enlighten findings related to inter‐individual differences, domain‐specificities, developmental aspects, and gender differences. Among other things, this model will clarify the factors influencing motivation to display creative skills which could improve the external validity of creativity studies. Examples of the kinds of hypotheses that can be tested by applying this model in future creative studies will also be proposed.