bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The spore genera from the Upper Carboniferous coal of the Saar and their value in stratigraphical studies
Authors: Bhardwaj D.C. 
Published: September 2022

Five new spore genera, viz. Cyclobaculisporites gen. nov., Foveolatisporites gen. nov., Savitrisporites gen. nov., Zerndtisporites gen. novo and Kosankeisporites gen. nov., from the coal measures of the Saar, have been described. Detailed descriptions of 6 other, recently proposed spore genera (BHARDWAJ, 1954), viz. Gravisporites Bhardwaj, Angulisporites Bhardwaj, Striatosporites Bhardwaj, Guthorlisporites Bhardwaj, Potonieisporites Bhardwaj and Sahnisporites Bhardwaj, have also been included.
Stratigraphic subdivisions of the Upper Carboniferous succession in the Saar have been suggested on the basis of variation in the microfloral assemblages of the successive periods. The vertical distribution of Sporae dispersae as well as that of the megaflora has been compared and shown to be similar. The Westphalian D in the Saar has been found to comprise of the combined zones of Palaeoweichselia defrancei and Neuropteris ovata. The Stephanian in the Saar consists of two subdivisions, viz. Lower Stephanian lacking Westphalian influence and the Upper Stephanian with pronounced Westphalian character.
On megaspores, Charophyta fruits and some other small fossils from the Cretaceous
Authors: Dijkstra S.J. 
Published: September 2022

Megaspores found in boring IJsselmonde, I, the Netherlands, have been compared with the spore content of some other borings in the Netherlands and of boring Kingscleke, Great Britain, which are Wealden in age. Convincingly it could be proved that the samples studied from boring IJsselmonde must belong to the Wealden. Some new specimens were noticed, of which Triletes gryensis has been found by Dr. Gry in the Lower Wealden from Bornholm, Denmark, by which fact the age of boring IJsselmonde, I, may belong to the Lower Wealden. Moreover, a number of non-calcified Charophyte fruits have been found in that boring.
Some new records of borings in Belgium, the Netherlands and Egypt have been mentioned. The most interesting result may be that Pyrobolospora lobata does not only occur in the Senonian, but also in the Palaeocene, whereas its horizontal spreading is also very wide (from W. Europe to Egypt). Finally, this spore is closely related, probably identical with Rodeites dakshini from India.
Upper Devonian (Frasnian) spores from the Carnarvon basin, Western Australia
Authors: Balme B.E. 
Published: September 2022

Microfloras rich in individuals but poor in species have been separated from marine Frasnian sediment in a borehole near Carnarvon, Western Australia. These are the oldest assemblages of isolated spores yet recorded from the Southern Hemisphere. Eight species of microspores have been described, three of which are considered to be new. A new genus, Geminospora Balme, has been proposed.
Comparisions may be drawn between these microfloras and Devonian assemblages from other parts of the world.
Studies in the Indian Middle Gondwana Flora- 2. Plant fossils from the South Rewa Gondwana Basin
Authors: Lele K.M. 
Published: September 2022

Plant fossils from the Middle Gondwana (Trias) beds of the South Rewa Gondwana basin are described. The flora consists of 15 genera and 16 recognizable species. Five species are new. The present findings serve to furnish the first record of certain interesting genera, viz. Lycopodites, Danaeopsis, Marattiopsis, Psuedoctenis, Baiera and Desmiophyllum from the Indian Triassic formations as well as confirm the occurrence of Cladophlebis, Glossopteris, Noeggerathiopsis and Araucarites.
It is suggested that this flora is the Indian representative of the general Dicroidium flora that flourished during the Triasso-Rhaetic times on the southern continents. The palaeobotanical evidence, as a whole, constitutes a strong point in support of a Middle Gondwana.
On some fossil plants from Karkati, Kamtadand and Parsora, in the South Rewa Gondwana Basin, Central India
Authors: Saksena Shivdayal 
Published: September 2022

The fossil plants collected by the author in the year 1944 from three different localities in the South Rewa Gondwana basin, Central India, are described in this paper.

Karkati (23°.22': 81°.6') has yielded pure Glossopteris flora consisting of three species of Glossopteris -G. indica, G. Browniana, G. angustifolia -, one species each of Sphenopteris and Dictyopteridium, an equisetaceous stem and a fossil of uncertain affinity.
At Kamtadand (23°.25': 81°.6') were found one species each of Glossopteris, Vertebraria, Dicroidium and an equisetaceous stem. This interesting mixture of Glossopteris with Dicroidium suggests a somewhat younger age than that of Karkati flora. Fox (1931) has stated that there is no admixture of the two floras Glossopteris and Thinnfeldia (Dicroidium) at any place. But this mixed flora from Kamtadand shows that Fox's view is not correct.
Parsora (23Â°.26": 80°.5'.30"). Here a few very poorly preserved leaves, doubtfully referred to Glossopteris, have been found.
On the Palaeozoic pteridophylls
Authors: Zimmermann Walter 
Published: September 2022

The Palaeozoic pteridophylls hold an excellent intermediate position in their entity as well as in their individual characteristics between the oldest (silurian and early devonian) plants and the land plants of today. This is also illustrated by the genera as they were named by Brogniart as follows: Archaeopteris, Sphenopteris, Pecopteris, Neuropteris, Linopteris, Alethopteris, Callipteris.
These genera demonstrate how the phylogenetic development was carried out by few elementary processes, still isolated and restrained to primitive stages. The same elementary processes also formed the structure of palaeozoic stems in their primitive stages.
The mesozoic pteridophylls are a further step of phylogenetic changes towards present day leaf forms.
The nature and relationships of the Tertiary Brown coal flora of the Yallourn area in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Duigan Suzanne L. 
Published: September 2022

To date, sixteen taxa from the brown coal have been identified satisfactorily. Almost all of these had a wider distribution in Australia during the Tertiary period than they do at present, and only about half of them still occur in Victoria. A search for comparable modern floras shows that all sixteen taxa are still represented in New Guinea. with somewhat smaller numbers in New Caledonia. part of the eastern Australian coast and northern New Zealand. The nature of these modern floras and the climatic conditions under which they occur suggest that the brown coal vegetation consisted mainly of Nothofagus rain forests and gymnosperm or mixed gymnosperm-broadleaf forests, possibly with some overlap between these types, and that the rainfall was high and the temperatures were moderate.
Pollen analysis has shown that, with the exception of the Lauraceae and Oleaceae (the vertical distribution of which is not known) and the Restionaceae/Centrolepidaceae (which only occurs at the top of the coal), the taxa concerned occurred throughout the period of formation of the coal, but that their relative abundance varied considerably Nothofagous pollen dominates the diagram as a whole. with values of up to 95%, and when the few low values for this genus are recorded the values for one or more of Casuarina, Myrtaceae and Gymnosperms are high. Complex changes in the diagram suggest a major change in environmental conditions at about the middle of the coal-forming period, with the possibility that conditions were much less stable during the second half of this period.
The distribution of Densospores
Authors: Butterworth M.A. 
Published: September 2022

Densospores include species of the miospore genera Cingulizonates (Dybova & Jachowicz), Cristatisporites (Potonie & Kremp), Densosporites (Berry) and Radiizonates Staplin & Jansonius from the literature of Europe and North America, and Euryzonotriletes Naumova, Hymenozonotriletes Naumova and Trematozonotriletes Naumova from the Russian literature. An account is given of the taxonomic position of densospores and of their morphographic variation in different parts of the column.
Densospores have been recorded in large numbers, mainly from coal seams, from the Devonian to the Permian of the northern hemisphere. The geographical distribution of these occurrences forms the subject matter of the present paper. In general, densospores first occur in abundance in more northerly regions and are displaced gradually southwards during the Carboniferous. They are most common and have the longest ranges, in area of slow subsidence.
Early Permian Vesiculate Pollen from Texas, U.S.A.
Authors: Tschudy Robert H. , Kosanke Robert M. 
Published: September 2022

Twenty-five vesiculate pollen types and related taxa of Early Permian age is reported, and the new taxa are described.
The genera identified are: Alisporites, Complexisporites, Endosporites, Florinites, Hamiapollenites, Nuskoisporites, Pilyosporites, Platysaccus, Potonieisporites, Schizaeoisporites, Striatites, Strotersporites, Sulcatisporites, Vesicaspora, Vestrigisporites, Vittatina and Wilsonites.
Vesiculate pollen taxa increased rapidly in Early Permian time. with this increase it is not surprising to observe considerable morphologic diversity. For example, Vittatina (LUBER) Wilson, 1962, lacks vesicles. Specimens corresponding to Vittatina morphologically but possessing definite rudimentary sacci are herein described. These specimens are the basis for a new genus named Costapollenites.
The pollen of Vittatina, Hamiapollenites and Costapollenites all possess a costate or ribbed proximal surface, which in proximal view may resemble the pollen of Ephedra and Welwitschia. However, Vittatina, Hamiapollenites and Costapollenites differ from Ephedra and Welwitschia in that their costae are restricted to their proximal surfaces although they may possess distal bands at right angles to the proximal costae.
Pollen Morphology of Angiosperms and Palaeofloristic areas and provinces at the boundary of the Cretaceous and Paleogene
Authors: Zaklinskaia E.D. 
Published: September 2022

The establishment of natural affinity between ancient angiosperms and taxa of recent flora can be based on palynomorphological studies. The structure, number and distribution of apertures are important features.
At the beginning of the Late Cretaceous period angiosperms had pollen with primitive but already distinct apertures. Their relationship with Salicales, Fagales, Platanales, Eucommiales (?), can be established.
During the Late Cretaceous, pollen type with syncolpate apertures (Duplospores-Sporopollis-Sincolporites) become differentiated, which may be linked with the Santalales, Myrtales and Sapindales. In the Upper Senonian-Paleocene pollen with extremely complicated and varied apertures become differentiated partially with inequipolar symmetry (Aquilapollenites, Pentapollenites, Pemphixipollenites, Betpakdalina, Kryshtofoviana, Porotrichotomosulcales types). Some taxa of these may be associated with the families Loranthaceae, Olacaceae, Simarubaceae, Palmae (?), Euphorbiaceae etc. Genera and species included above have narrow stratigraphic ranges and distinctly outlined areals.
To the same period belongs the differentiation of pollen type with a three-equatorial aperture (Normapolles, Proteacidites, Triorites and Triatriopollenites), which are links with morphological types of pollen of Proteaceae, Myricaceae, Casuarinaceae Fagaceae, Rubiaceae Ulmaceae, Juglandaceae and Betulaceae.
With the help of morphological groups, we succeeded to establish sequential stages and phases in the history of the development of angiosperm flora and determine their role in the formation of botanical-geographical regions and provinces. During the Late Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary period relationship is established between Pacific and Atlantic floristic areas of Eurasia on one hand the North America and the continents of the Southern Hemisphere on the other.
The deadlock in Pleistocene Palaeobotany
Authors: Macko Stephan 
Published: September 2022

It seems to me to be necessary to give some remarks as a commentary to my article, since the attitude of some European scientists toward the problem discussed in my paper is (considering the second half of the twentieth century) a rather particular one. I have encountered the following opinions and remarks: " It is known that the diluvial theory of Penck and Bruckner is ambiguous, but one cannot agree with the hypotheses given in the article “, . . or" It is true that many scientists tried to find a correlation between the glaciations in Alpes and the remaining part of Europe (A. K. Wells, W. B. Wright, L. J. Wills, J. F. Kirkaldy), and that they have stated many contradictions, nevertheless the explanation of these contradictions given in the article is hardly accepted " ..., or "The attempts of shaking the diluvial theory of Penck and Bruckner are not friendly accepted by the scientists, being not supported by most of them". According to my opinion, such attitudes, luckily not general ones, are anti-scientific. It is up to the science to put hypotheses and theories, provided that it has its disposal the well-grounded facts. But it is also up to the science to shake the hypotheses and to put them to a critical analysis, as the new facts that may be used as necessary arguments become available. The science cannot base its activity upon the faith in infallibility of scientificial authorities. A scientific discussion which admits the facts, the observed phenomena and their logical interpretation is the only basis for any scientificial activity. The scientists who forget this truism are at the same time dooming the domain of science represented by them to decrepitude. I am referring in my article to the papers of Koppen, Wegener, Gams, Bryan, Pflug, Schwarzbach. These papers cannot be ignored, as they faithfully represent the stated facts which every scientist must take under consideration. The diluvial theory of Penck and Bruckner cannot stand in its present form, because of the contradictions it contains. Changes which must be introduced into this hypothesis are justified by numerous and new conquests of the science. In such a situation every conception which brings some new elements into the diluvial theory of Penck and Bruckner ought to be discussed in a scientific way. If an argument of this new conception is fallacious and not acceptable, the error must be distinctly pointed out. The same critera must be applied if the value of the new hypotheses is to be estimated, and only such a discussion may bring positive result.
Fossil spores and pollen from the Lower Cretaceous subsurface sediments near Karaikal, Cauvery basin
Authors: Venkatachala B.S. , Jain A.K. 
Published: September 2022

Lower Cretaceous (Neocomian - Aptian) age is assigned to sub-crop sediments overlying the Archaean crystalline basement near Karaikal in the Cauvery basin on the basis of Palynological studies. The assemblage is closely comparable to the Lower Cretaceous assemblages from Kutch and Andhra Pradesh in India.
Two new fossil woods are described here from the Tertiary of South India near Pondicherry. These resemble the modern woods of Barringtonia and Careya of the family Lecythidaceae.
Sporological Correlation of coal Seams in some blocks of Sohagpur Coalfield, M.P. India
Authors: Bharadwaj D.C. , Srivastava S.C. 
Published: September 2022

The present paper includes a sporological study of 53 bore hole coal samples from Bhaskarpara, Kutkona and Batura blocks of Sohagpur Coalfield, M.P., India. The distribution of various palyno-taxa among the samples has suggested the occurrence of eight coal seams distinguished by eight spore assemblages. Miospore Assemblage G is characterized by the dominance of Brevitriletes and Sulcatisporites. The Assemblage F shows a dominance of Brevitriletes closely associated with Microbaculispora and Indotriradites. The last genus becomes dominant in Assemblage E1 with the former two as subdominants. In Assemblage E, the subdominants are Hennellysporites and Illinites. Brevitriletes again ranks highest in Assemblage D and is associated with subdominant Sulcatisporites. In Assemblage C, Brevitriletes continues to be dominant but the association is marked by the subdominance of Horriditriletes and Sulcatisporites while in Assemblage B Horriditriletes becomes the most dominant genus and remains associated with Brevitriletes and Sulcatisporites. Assemblage A is characterized by the dominance of Sulcatisporites in association with Striatopodocarpites and Striatites.
The sporological succession is marked by three miofloral changes segregating four groups of assemblages. Chronostratigraphically, Assemblage G belongs to Lower Karharbari Stage, Assemblages F-E represent Lower Barakar Stage, Assemblages D-B represent Middle Barakar Stage and Assemblage A represents the Upper Barakar Stage.
On the Microscopic nature of coals from Majri Area, Wardha Valley Coalfield, Maharashtra
Authors: Pareek H.S. , Pande B.C. 
Published: September 2022

The microscopic nature and composition of the Coals from Majri (20º 8': 79º 2') area, Wardha Valley coalfield, Maharashtra, about which no data whatsoever exists, are presented in this paper. These are microfragmental coals, comprising inertinite, vitrinite and exinite (sporinite), in decreasing order of abundance, occurring as mainly durite, fusite, "intermediates ", clarite and vitrite. The mineral and shaly matter is quite common and thoroughly intermixed with the organic layers, which alternate or are interbedded with shale and carbonaceous shale bands.
The Wardha valley coalfield is separated to its south-east from the adjacent Godavari valley coalfield by the Upper Gondwanas. The coal bearing formations of these coalfields may thus continue below this cover. A large spread of the Gondwana sediments, whereby these coalfields form only a part of the Wardha-Godavari valley basin, is thus suggested. The petrological studies of the Majri, and Tandur (Godavari valley coalfield) coals have indicated close proximity, then with the coals of the other basins. There is, however, a lateral variation in the composition of coal, and that appears to be related to the source of sediments, conditions of deposition and the vegetal transformation.
Menéndez Pelayo y Manzoni
Authors: Ribao Pereira Montserrat 
Published: September 2022

En este artículo, se expone el estudio que hizo Menéndez Pelayo acerca del escritor italiano Manzoni. El erudito cántabro tiene un gran interés por esta figura y su obra. Del trabajo de Manzoni, destaca: los inicios poéticos del lombardo, la importancia de los Himnos sacros y la perfección de Pentecostés y La Pasión. Aparte de las consideraciones estéticas y genéricas, Menéndez Pelayo también rastrea similitudes entre autores decimonónicos hispanos y el lombardo para profundizar en sus estudios. Pelayo estudió a Manzoni como poeta lírico, como autor dramático, como novelista y como crítico, por lo que defiende y avala la pertinencia de Manzoni en el horizonte estético del siglo XIX.
Menjadi Masyarakat Informasi
Authors: Damanik Florida Nirma Sanny 
Published: September 2022

Perkembangan peradaban manusia terasa begitu cepatnya, kita tentunya mengenal masyarakat primitif, pada era itu seseorang untuk mendapatkan suatu barang harus ditukar dengan barang lagi (barter), kemudian meningkat ke masyarakat agraris, kemudian masyarakat industri. Dari masyarakat indusri loncat ke masyarakat informasi (era informasi). ??? Dengan era informasi ini, semuanya menjadi serba yaitu serba murah, cepat, tepat, dan akurat. Di era globalisasi saat ini media massa mempunyai peranan penting dalam membentuk pola hidup masyarakat. Media virtual community menjadi patokan bagi masyarakat untuk mendapatkan informasi, terutama bagi masyarakat informasi, mereka dengan mudah dapat mengakses segala informasi yang mereka butuhkan.
Analisa Perbandingan Performansi Skema Scheduling WFQ (Weighted Fair Queueing) dan PQ (Priority Queueing) pada Jaringan IP (Internet Protocol)
Authors: Mangkudjaja Rumani , Rudiana Arif , Dewantara Agung 
Published: September 2022

Teknologi multimedia menyediakan layanan-layanan baru berupa video, FTP dan HTTP. Dengan meningkatnya penggunaan dan popularitas layanan multimedia saat ini menimbulkan suatu permasalahan yaitu permintaan bandwidth melebihi kapasitas yang disediakan oleh jaringan, yang menyebabkan terjadinya kongesti )kemacetan) dan antrian paket data. Dalam penelitian ini disimulasikan perbandingan antara dua skema penjadwalan yaitu WFQ (Weighted Fair Queueing) dan PQ (Priority Queueing) pada jaringan IP. Mekanisme penjadwalan dan manajemen antrian yang akan disimulasikan adalah paket video, FTP dan HTTP??? dengan menggunakan Network Simulator-2 (ns-allinone-2.33) sebagai softwarenya. Parameter-parameter QoS yang dianalisis, adalah throughput, delay, jitter dan packet loss. Berdasarkan simulasi yang telah dilakukan pada penelitian ini didapatkan : pada skenario 1, skema penjadwalan WFQ throughput-nya maksimal 0,064 Kbps, packet loss minimal yaitu 0%, delay terkecil yaitu 26,9258 ms, jitter terkecil 0,220379 ms. Pada skenario 2, ketika aplikasi yang dikirimkan adalah video, kedua skema memilki throughput dan packetloss yang sama yaitu 0,0608 Kbps dan 0%. Saat aplikasi yang dikirimkan adalah FTP dan HTTP kedua skema scheduling adalah sama untuk nilai throughput, packetloss, delay dan jitter masing-masing skema WFQ 1,762 Kbps, 1,2775 %, 59,7648 ms, 1,23053 ms sedangkan skema PQ 1,6792 Kbps, 1,26999 %, 69,6178 ms, 1,63239 ms. Pada skenario 3, untuk penjadwalan WFQ dengan sumber 5, 15, 30 throughput nya 0,128Kbps, 0,064Kbps, 225.875Kbps, 0,0636 Kbps, packet loss-nya yaitu 0%, 0%, 38.46%, dan 0,625% delay 27,09797ms hingga 52,5965ms, jitter 0,22399ms, 1,26147ms, 9,98519ms. Sedangkan pada skenario 4, pengaruh perubahan buffer 25, 100, 1000 skema penjadwalan WFQ throughput maksimal 0,0638667 Kbps, packet loss minimal yaitu 0,625%, delay terkecil yaitu 61,8178ms, jitter terkecil 6,77107 ms.
Analisis Performansi Autentikasi Single Sign On pada Web Menggunakan LDAP
Authors: Hilmi Futuh , Mangkudjaja Rumani , Irawan Budhi 
Published: September 2022

Identifikasi yang sering ditemui adalah dalam bentuk login yang menggunakan username dan password. Disini akan timbul kesulitan untuk mengelola login tersebut jika seorang pengguna memiliki??? login yang berbeda-beda untuk setiap sistem aplikasi, karena dengan demikian seseorang harus dapat mengingat banyak username dan password. Single Sign-On ( SSO ) merupakan fasilitas yang memberikan kemudahan untuk user yang melakukan login ketika menjelajah di internet. Dengan menggunakan metode SSO ini, setiap user hanya perlu memiliki satu username, dan satu password. User hanya perlu login satu kali saja agar dapat menggunakan semua fasilitas yang ada di web utama. User tidak perlu mengingat banyak account, dan tidak perlu berulang kali melakukan login. Hal ini juga dapat mempermudah dalam pengorganisasian data user yang ada, karena menggunakan tempat penyimpanan data user yang terpusat. CAS digunakan untuk menangani masalah komunikasi antara web. LDAP digunakan sebagai sebuah protokol layanan direktori , dimana semua data user disimpan di dalam LDAP. Dari hasil analisa performansi single sign on pada web, diperoleh nilai response time server sebesar 0.90 second, dan dalam 1 detik server mampu melayani 110 request dari user. Fasilitas ini dapat melayani hingga 500 user yang melakukan request secara bersamaan dalam satu waktu kepada server single sign on. Hal ini dikarenakan respon error server ketika melayani 500 user bernilai nol. Waktu tercepat server dalam melayani user adalah 191 ms dan waktu terlama dalam melayani user adalah 11864 ms.