bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase‐Field Simulations of Tunable Polar Topologies in Lead‐Free Ferroelectric/Paraelectric Multilayers with Ultrahigh Energy‐Storage Performance
Authors: Liu Yiqian , Liu Junfu , Pan Hao , Cheng Xiaoxing , Hong Zijian , Xu Ben , Chen Long‐Qing , Nan Ce‐Wen , Lin Yuan‐Hua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDielectric capacitors are emerging energy‐storage components that require both high energy‐storage density and high efficiency. The conventional approach to energy‐storage enhancement is polar nanodomain engineering via chemical modification. Here, a new approach of domain engineering is proposed by exploiting the tunable polar topologies that have been observed recently in ferroelectric/paraelectric multilayer films. Using phase‐field simulations, it is demonstrated that vortex, spiral, and in‐plane polar structures can be stabilized in BiFeO3/SrTiO3 (BFO/STO) multilayers by tailoring the strain state and layer thickness. Various switching dynamics are realized in these polar topologies, resulting in relaxor‐ferroelectric‐, antiferroelectric‐, and paraelectric‐like polarization behaviors, respectively. Ultrahigh energy‐storage densities above 170 J cm−3 and efficiencies above 95% are achievable in STO/BFO/STO trilayers. This strategy should be generally implementable in other multilayer dielectrics and offers a new avenue to enhancing energy storage by tuning the polar topology and thus the polarization characteristics.
Multivariate Analysis Identifying [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+ Design and Device Architecture Enables First‐Class Blue and White Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Cavinato Luca M. , Wölfl Sarah , Pöthig Alexander , Fresta Elisa , Garino Claudio , Fernandez‐Cestau Julio , Barolo Claudia , Costa Rubén D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhite light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) comprising only [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+ have not been reported yet, as all the attempts toward blue‐emitting complexes failed. Multivariate analysis, based on prior‐art [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+‐based thin‐film lighting (>90 papers) and refined with computational calculations, identifies the best blue‐emitting [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+ design for LECs, that is, N^N: 2‐(4‐(tert‐butyl)phenyl)‐6‐(3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridine and P^P: 4,5‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐9,9‐dimethylxanthene, to achieve predicted thin‐film emission at 490 nm and device performance of 3.8 cd A−1@170 cd m−2. Validation comes from synthesis, X‐ray structure, thin‐film spectroscopic/microscopy/electrochemical characterization, and device optimization, realizing the first [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+‐based blue‐LEC with 3.6 cd A−1@180 cd m−2. This represents a record performance compared to the state‐of‐the‐art tricoordinate Cu(I)‐complexes blue‐LECs (0.17 cd A−1@20 cd m−2). Versatility is confirmed with the synthesis of the analogous complex with 2‐(4‐(tert‐butyl)phenyl)‐6‐(3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)pyrazine (N^N), showing a close prediction/experiment match: λ = 590/580 nm; efficiency = 0.55/0.60 cd A−1@30 cd m−2. Finally, experimental design is applied to fabricate the best white multicomponent host:guest LEC, reducing the number of trial‐error attempts toward the first white all‐[Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+‐LECs with 0.6 cd A−1@30 cd m−2. This corresponds to approximately ten‐fold enhancement compared to previous LECs (<0.05 cd A−1@<12 cd m−2). Hence, this work sets in the first multivariate approach to design emitters/active layers, accomplishing first‐class [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+‐based blue/white LECs that were previously elusive.
Super Water‐Extracting Gels for Solar‐Powered Volatile Organic Compounds Management in the Hydrological Cycle
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Zhao Fei , Shi Wen , Lu Hengyi , Zhou Xingyi , Guo Youhong , Yu Guihua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWater‐soluble volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are widely spread in the natural hydrological cycle, contaminating potential water sources, and leading to unexpected ecological hazards. However, water‐purification technologies toward VOCs are energy‐intensive and present unsatisfactory purity of the obtained water. The fundamental challenge is to differentiate the motion of water and VOC molecules by separators. Here, the concept of a super water‐extracting gel (SWEG) for VOC‐management and water purification via direct solar distillation is proposed. The strong hydrogen bonding effect in the hypercrosslinked hydrophilic polymeric networks enables the SWEG to extract water from VOC‐containing water, which rejects the VOC solutes while allowing water through for interfacial evaporation. The obtained SWEG achieves a VOCs removal ratio up to 99.99% by solar distillation under 1 sun. A solar water‐purification system is also demonstrated to produce clean water, which surpasses other competitive technologies based on electricity.
Meeting expectations: An exploration of academic emergency medicine faculty experiences and preferences in the virtual meeting environment by age, gender and parental status
Authors: Goldflam Katja , Crichton Ian C. , Coughlin Ryan F. , Bod Jessica , Agrawal Pooja , Bradby Cassandra , Tsyrulnik Alina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, virtual meetings became the norm in academic emergency medicine (EM) departments. This study explores the experiences of academic EM faculty within this environment.MethodsIn 2021, authors surveyed a cross‐sectional convenience sample of EM faculty using a mixed‐methods approach to explore perceptions of the virtual meeting environment. Authors reported data on a five‐point Likert scale, summarized as percentages, and calculated differences using Pearson’s chi‐squared test, where p < 0.05 was significant. Free text responses were analyzed qualitatively.ResultsTwo‐hundred‐fifty‐nine responses were collected, (female [55.6%], ≤40 years old, [39.8%]) of which 33.2% had children ≤7 years old. Most respondents felt the total number of virtual meetings had increased and were more likely to happen outside of regular business hours compared to in‐person meetings. Most faculty preferred meetings during regular hours and liked the virtual format overall. Younger faculty respondents were more polarized in their preferences of timing of meetings and reported more pressure to accept meetings outside of regular hours. Female respondents with young children were more likely to dislike meetings outside regular hours and to have declined them. Women faculty, younger faculty, and women faculty with young children were significantly more likely to agree that women had been “more impacted by the new virtual work environment.” Qualitative themes highlighting the flexibility provided by the virtual work environment and decreased commuting time, though many felt communication was limited in virtual meetings.ConclusionsAcademic EM faculty mostly preferred keeping meetings during regular business hours and in a virtual format. Experiences varied by age but not by gender overall. Women with young children reported greater challenges than women without. Men did not differ by parental status. The virtual format provided increased flexibility but limited communication and engagement. Academic EM departments may use this data to inform future meeting practices.
A guide for single‐particle chromatin tracking in live cell nuclei
Authors: Zhang Mengdi , Seitz Clayton , Chang Garrick , Iqbal Fadil , Lin Hua , Liu Jing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe emergence of labeling strategies and live cell imaging methods enables the imaging of chromatin in living cells at single digit nanometer resolution as well as milliseconds temporal resolution. These technical breakthroughs revolutionize our understanding of chromatin structure, dynamics and functions. Single molecule tracking algorithms are usually preferred to quantify the movement of these intranucleus elements to interpret the spatiotemporal evolution of the chromatin. In this review, we will first summarize the fluorescent labeling strategy of chromatin in live cells which will be followed by a systematic comparison of live cell imaging instrumentation. With the proper microscope, we will discuss the image analysis pipelines to extract the biophysical properties of the chromatin. Finally, we expect to give practical suggestions to broad biologists on how to select methods and link to the model properly according to different investigation purposes.
Paneth cells and their multiple functions
Authors: Barreto e Barreto Laylla , Rattes Isadora C. , da Costa Aline V. , Gama Patrícia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe small intestine mucosa is lined by specialized cells that form the crypt‐villus axis, which expands its surface. Among the six intestinal epithelial cell types, the Paneth cell is located at the base of the crypt, and it contains numerous granules in its cytoplasm, composed of antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins and lysozyme, and growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor‐α, and Wnt ligands. Together, these elements act in the defense against microorganisms, regulation of intestinal microbiota, maintenance, and regulation of stem cell identity. Pathologies that target Paneth cells can disturb such defense activity, but they also affect the maintenance of the stem cell niche. In that way, Crohn's disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, and graft‐versus‐host disease promote a reduction of Paneth cell population, and, consequently, secretion of their products into the lumen of the crypts, making the affected organism predisposed to infections and dysbiosis. Additionally, the emergence of new intestinal cells is also decreased. This review aims to address the main characteristics of Paneth cells, highlighting their multiple functions and the importance of their preservation to ensure bowel homeostasis.
SLCO1B1*5 Allele Is Associated With Atorvastatin Discontinuation and Adverse Muscle Symptoms in the Context of Routine Care
Authors: Voora Deepak , Baye Jordan , McDermaid Adam , Narayana Gowda Smitha , Wilke Russell A. , Nicole Myrmoe Anna , Hajek Catherine , Larson Eric A. 
Published: January 2022

The SLCO1B1 genotype is known to influence patient adherence to statin therapy, in part by increasing the risk for statin‐associated musculoskeletal symptoms (SAMSs). The SLCO1B1*5 allele has previously been associated with simvastatin discontinuation and SAMSs. Prior analyses of the relationship between SLCO1B1*5 and atorvastatin muscle side effects have been inconclusive due to insufficient power. We now quantify the impact of SLCO1B1*5 on atorvastatin discontinuation and SAMSs in a large observational cohort using electronic medical record data from a single health care system. In our study cohort (n = 1,627 patients exposed to atorvastatin during the course of routine clinical care), 56% (n = 912 of 1,627 patients) discontinued atorvastatin and 18% (n = 303 of 1,627 patients) developed SAMSs. A univariate model revealed that SLCO1B1*5 increased the likelihood that patients would stop atorvastatin during routine care (odds ratio 1.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1–1.5; P = 0.04). A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model further demonstrated that this same variant was associated with time to atorvastatin discontinuation (hazard ratio 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1–1.4; P = 0.004). Additional time‐to‐event analyses also revealed that SCLO1B1*5 was associated with SAMSs (hazard ratio 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1–1.7; P = 0.02). Atorvastatin discontinuation was associated with SAMSs (odds ratio 1.67; P = 0.0001) in our cohort.
Carbonylation Chemistry Applied to the Synthesis of Benzimidazo[2,1‐b]quinazolin‐12‐ones
Authors: Vangrunderbeeck Sarah , Balcaen Tim , Veryser Cedrick , Steurs Gert , De Borggraeve Wim M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA carbonylative route towards the synthesis of benzimidazo[2,1‐b]quinazolin‐12‐ones was developed. The key step in this strategy consists of an intramolecular carbonylative lactam formation, starting from N‐(2‐bromophenyl)‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐amines. These precursor molecules were synthesized by two different methods to introduce a variety of substituents on the aromatic ring systems. Interestingly, only near‐stoichiometric amounts of carbon monoxide were required in the ring‐closing aminocarbonylation reaction, rendering the developed strategy also suitable for late‐stage 13C‐isotopic labelling.
Quality by design‐assisted development of a capillary electrophoresis method for the enantiomeric purity determination of tenofovir
Authors: Krait Sulaiman , Schneidmadel Felix R. , Scriba Gerhard K. E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA CE method was developed and validated for the assessment of the chiral purity of the drug tenofovir applying a quality by design approach. Following selection of a quaternary ammonium β‐CD as chiral selector, a fractional factorial resolution V+ design was employed for identification of the critical process parameters, while a central composite design served for method optimization. The final method used a 40/50.2 cm, 50 μm id fused‐silica capillary, a BGE composed of a 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.4, containing 45 mg/mL quaternary ammonium β‐CD, an applied voltage of 18 kV, and a capillary temperature of 22°C. Robustness was assessed by a Plackett–Burman design. The method was validated according to guideline Q2(R1) of the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use and enabled the determination of the (S)‐enantiomer of tenofovir at the 0.1% level.
Machine learning algorithms for predicting direct‐acting antiviral treatment failure in chronic hepatitis C: An HCV‐TARGET analysis
Authors: Park Haesuk , Lo‐Ciganic Wei‐Hsuan , Huang James , Wu Yonghui , Henry Linda , Peter Joy , Sulkowski Mark , Nelson David R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
We aimed to develop and validate machine learning algorithms to predict direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) treatment failure among patients with HCV infection.

Approach and Results
We used HCV‐TARGET registry data to identify HCV‐infected adults receiving all‐oral DAA treatment and having virologic outcome. Potential pretreatment predictors (n = 179) included sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, and virologic data. We applied multivariable logistic regression as well as elastic net, random forest, gradient boosting machine (GBM), and feedforward neural network machine learning algorithms to predict DAA treatment failure. Training (n = 4894) and validation (n = 1631) patient samples had similar sociodemographic and clinical characteristics (mean age, 57 years; 60% male; 66% White; 36% with cirrhosis). Of 6525 HCV‐infected adults, 95.3% achieved sustained virologic response, whereas 4.7% experienced DAA treatment failure. In the validation sample, machine learning approaches performed similarly in predicting DAA treatment failure (C statistic [95% CI]: GBM, 0.69 [0.64–0.74]; random forest, 0.68 [0.63–0.73]; feedforward neural network, 0.66 [0.60–0.71]; elastic net, 0.64 [0.59–0.70]), and all four outperformed multivariable logistic regression (0.51 [0.46–0.57]). Using the Youden index to identify the balanced risk score threshold, GBM had 66.2% sensitivity and 65.1% specificity, and 12 individuals were needed to evaluate to identify 1 DAA treatment failure. Over 55% of patients with treatment failure were classified by the GBM in the top three risk decile subgroups (positive predictive value: 6%–14%). The top 10 GBM‐identified predictors included albumin, liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase), total bilirubin levels, sex, HCV viral loads, sodium level, HCC, platelet levels, and tobacco use.

Conclusions
Machine learning algorithms performed effectively for risk prediction and stratification of DAA treatment failure.
Health services for non‐communicable diseases have been severely disrupted by COVID‐19 based on an analysis of MicroBlog rescue data in Wuhan, China
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Sun Fenghua , Wang Qianyan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDiagnostic and treatment services for non‐communicable diseases (NCDs) face significant challenges in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. We used the Python programing language to extract and classify messages for help posted on the social networking platform microblog by NCD patients in the early stage of the COVID‐19 epidemic in Wuhan, China. We found of all NCD patients, the most frequently recorded conditions were basic chronic diseases (42.50%), acute critical diseases (35.53%), malignant tumours (15.10%), and patients requiring haemodialysis (6.79%). Regarding COVID‐19, 54.70% of patients reported suspected symptoms of infection, 32.01% were diagnosed with comorbidities, and 13.29% were non‐COVID‐19 patients. According to the analysis of the needs of the patients, 82.46% of the patients reported “No beds were available in the hospital”, 25.31% of patients needed nucleic acid tests. Our results confirmed it is difficult to meet the regular needs in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with NCDs. Effective prevention and management of NCDs in public health emergencies has become an urgent issue to be addressed. During the COVID‐19 epidemic, it is necessary to pay particular attention to the prevention and control of NCD patients, especially those with chronic disease. Governments and medical and health institutions at all levels should improve treatment mechanisms during major epidemics and ensure the uninterrupted treatment of patients with NCDs.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of serum Chitinase 3‐like protein 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Shuwei , Chen Shixiang , Jin Ming , Hu Mengyuan , Huang Weiguang , Jiang Zhenluo , Yang Jianuo , Zhang Yecheng , Wu Haoming , Hu Yaoren , He Weixin , Fu Liyun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe serum Chitinase 3‐like protein 1 (CHI3L1) protein level can distinguish the stages of liver fibrosis to a great extent. However, the diagnostic and prognostic significance of serum CHI3L1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not clarified. To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of CHI3L1 in HCC, a total of 128 HCC patients treated in the HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, from December 2018 to April 2020 were collected retrospectively. Matched age and gender subjects, 40 patients with liver cirrhosis, 40 patients with chronic hepatitis, and 40 healthy subjects were enrolled in the control group. The relevant clinical laboratory and examination data and the overall survival time (OS) of the HCC patients were collected. The serum CHI3L1 expression level is related to α‐fetoprotein (AFP), tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) stage, maximum tumor diameter, liver cirrhosis, and HCC patient's OS (p < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of CHI3L1 was 0.7875 with the cutoff value of 91.36 ng/ml. Combining the serum CHI3L1 and α‐fetoprotein (AFP) by a binary logistic regression model can increase the diagnostic sensitivity to 97.5%. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that CHI3L1 is an independent prognostic factor in patients with HCC.
Diagnostic value of Lipoarabinomannan antigen for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in adults and children with or without HIV infection
Authors: Yin Xin , Ye Qi‐Qing , Wu Ke‐Fan , Zeng Ji‐Yuan , Li Nan‐Xi , Mo Jun‐Jian , Huang Pei‐Ying , Xie Li‐Min , Xie Li‐Ying , Guo Xu‐Guang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesEven today, tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading public health problem; yet, the current diagnostic methods still have a few shortcomings. Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) provides an opportunity for TB diagnosis, and urine LAM detection seems to have a promising and widely applicable prospect.Design or methodsFour databases were systematically searched for eligible studies, and the quality of the studies was evaluated using the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies‐2 (QUADAS‐2). Graphs and tables were created to show sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), the area under the curve (AUC), and so on.ResultsBased on the included 67 studies, the pooled sensitivity of urine LAM was 48% and specificity was 89%. In the subgroup analyses, the FujiLAM test had higher sensitivity (69%) and specificity (92%). Furthermore, among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 50% of TB patients were diagnosed using a urine LAM test. Besides, the CD4+ cell count was inversely proportional to the sensitivity.ConclusionsUrine LAM is a promising diagnostic test for TB, particularly using the FujiLAM in HIV‐infected adults whose CD4+ cell count is ≤100 per μl. Besides, the urine LAM test shows various sensitivities and specificities in different subgroups in terms of age, HIV infection status, CD4+ cell count, and testing method.
Plateletcrit for predicting prognosis in patients with hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome caused by pyrrolizidine alkaloid
Authors: Tu Hongfei , Li Miao , Chen Zhiyuan , Zhao Jiamin , Wang Huali , Qian Jingjing , Wei Cheng , Yang Yang , Zhu Yue , Zuo Lingyun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPlatelet index was reported to be used as a potential prognostic marker in patients with liver fibrosis. We aimed to explore the association between plateletcrit (PCT) and severity of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS).MethodsSeventy consecutive patients who diagnosed as HSOS by CT and medical history during January 2017‐November 2021 were included. All patients were divided into two groups which confirmed as favorable prognosis and poor prognosis on the basis of Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh score system. The clinical manifestation and laboratory parameters of two groups were retrospectively selected. PCT was evaluated within two groups, and the diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsThe significant difference between the two groups not only in diarrhea, abdominal pain, abdominal distention, urine volume, and skin ecchymosis (p < 0.005), but also in WBC count, NE count, PLT count, TBIL, and D‐Dimer (p < 0.005) were found. The PCT level was significantly higher in HSOS patients with poor prognosis (0.169Â ± 0.060) than favorable prognosis patients (0.110Â ± 0.047). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of RDW in predicting poor prognosis was 0.781, with 67.70% sensitivity and 79.5%specificity.ConclusionsThe PCT level was correlated positively with the poor prognosis in HSOS patients. PCT can be a promising indicator for predicting prognosis in HSOS
Coping with COVID‐19 at the community level: Testing the predictors and outcomes of communal coping
Authors: Kim Youllee , Tian Xi , Solomon Denise H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic is a socially shared health issue that has had profound impacts on all aspects of community life and requires collaborative coping responses. Drawn from the extended theoretical model of communal coping, we examined (a) factors that promote community members' communal coping and (b) the influence of communal coping on perceived stress and positive adaptation in the context of COVID‐19. An empirical test based on the survey of participants (N = 256) living in the state of New York showed that strong community identity, but not the length of residency in the same community and integrated connectedness to communication resources of the community, was positively associated with communal coping orientation. Having a higher communal coping orientation was not related to perceived stress, but it was positively related to engagement in COVID‐19 preventive behaviors. The implications of these findings for understanding communal coping at the community level and future directions are discussed.