bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospitales, educación médica e instituciones de salud durante la colonia y la República en Colombia
Authors: Geagea Michel Faizal 
Published: November 2022

Fragmento
La Medicina colombiana surgió con la evolución de los conocimientos, bajo la influencia de las corrientes sociales, culturales y religiosas. En el período precolombino, la Medicina fue ejercida por los Shamanes, quienes con el conocimiento de los poderes terapéuticos de las plantas medicinales atendían al enfermo con rituales que elevaban el poder de la influencia psicológica.
Durante la conquista y la colonia, la atención de los enfermos era una labor eclesiástica, los sacerdotes estaban a cargo de la atención de los padecimientos que aquejaban a la población. La organización y la formación de los hospitales estaban a cargo de los obispos, quienes disponían de sus propiedades en función de la labor médica.
Ante la creciente necesidad de atención de la salud y la enfermedad, el Rey de España Carlos V (1500-1558), expide las Cédulas Reales 1537 y 1541 en las que ordena la creación de hospitales en todo sus dominios coloniales de ultramar, con cargo al Rey y a las colonias. Fue así que durante el período colonial se construyeron hospitales en La Española, hoy República Dominicana, Haití, México, Cuba, Nueva Granada, Quito y Perú.
In memoriam. José Félix Patiño Restrepo
Authors: Esguerra Gutiérrez Roberto 
Published: November 2022

Fragmento
Discurso pronunciado en la ceremonia religiosa celebrada en memoria del Doctor José Félix Patiño Restrepo, en la capilla de los santos apóstoles del Gimnasio Moderno en Bogotá. Estamos aquí para honrar la vida de un ser superior porque, como pocos, José Félix Patiño merece ese calificativo. No voy a hacer un recuento de su monumental obra como médico, cirujano, profesor y gran maestro, prolijo autor de libros y artículos científicos, rector de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ministro de Salud, fundador de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá y de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de los Andes, presidente de la Academia Nacional de Medicina, además de muchas otras actividades, cuya trascendencia se encuentra bien documentada. Hoy los invito a ver su vida desde la dimensión humanista, humanitaria y, sobre todo, humana.
SOSIALISASI PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT (PHBS) DAN PEMBAGIAN MASKER DALAM RANGKA ERA NEW NORMAL
Authors: Sutejo  , Ipnuwati Sri , Abadi Satria , Fitrian Yuri 
Published: November 2022

Di era pandemi coronavirus atau disebut covid-19 yang sedang mewabah secara global memaksa setiap negara harus menerapkan sistem PHBS untuk masyarakatnya guna mencegah semakin tingginya kasus terkorfimasi positif virus covid-19 dan meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan masyarakat diseluruh dunia terutama negara Indonesia. Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat pada dasarnya merupakan sebuah upaya untuk menularkan pengalaman mengenai perilaku hidup sehat melalui individu, kelompok ataupun masyarakat luas dengan jalur – jalur komunikasi sebagai media berbagi informasi. New normal adalah langkah percepatan penanganan COVID-19 dalam bidang kesehatan, sosial, dan ekonomi. Skenario new normal dijalankan dengan mempertimbangkan kesiapan daerah dan hasil riset epidemiologis di wilayah terkait. Menurut Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No.52 Tahun 2018 Tentang Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Di Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Hal.37, Masker atau alat pelindung pernafasan adalah alat yang berfungsi untuk melindungi pernafasan dari mikrobakterium dan virus yang ada di udara, dan zatzat kimia yang digunakan. Metode pelaksanaan dalam pengabdian dilakukan dengan cara sosialisai secara mandiri atau door to door, serta praktek. Manfaat yang diperoleh masyarakat pekon podomoro adalah dapat menjadi tambahan pengetahuan tentang apa itu new normal atau kebiasaan baru dalam hidup berdampingan dengan virus covid-19, menambah pengetahuan tentang pentingnya memakai masker saat beraktivitas diluar rumah dan tahu cara mencuci tangan dengan baik dan benar serta mengetahui memanfaatkan barang bekas untuk membuat alat cuci tangan disetiap rumah.
Democracia participativa y representativa en México: ¿la consulta popular es la respuesta a la crisis de representación que enfrenta este país?
Authors: Wong Meráz Víctor Alejandro , Séptimo Rodríguez Enrique 
Published: November 2022

El presente trabajo constituye una investigación que emplea el método deductivo e inductivo, por tal motivo se parte de tres conceptos fundamentales: democracia, democracia representativa y democracia participativa, cuyo objetivo principal es poder analizar si esas dos formas de democracia se pueden ejercer en México, partiendo de la consideración de que en este país se presenta una crisis de representación cuya existencia es evidente, al igual que la de diversos obstáculos entre ellos la pobreza. Al analizarse el caso concreto de México, se realiza una revisión particular sobre la consulta popular, toda vez que en el año 2012 se implementó constitucionalmente como un mecanismo, en el cual los ciudadanos tienen el derecho de participar, pero que hasta la fecha no se ha realizado un ejercicio democrático de este tipo. En este orden de ideas, también se estudia la problemática jurídica y política que gira en torno a la consulta popular. Con base en lo anterior, en la parte última de este texto se emite una serie de conclusiones que, en términos generales, sostienen que es un peligro que a través de un mecanismo de democracia semidirecta en una sociedad desinformada, con poca educación, en situación de pobreza y en consecuencia con hambre, tome una decisión sobre asuntos de trascendencia nacional.
De las papeletas de votación a la tarjeta electoral
Authors: Ovalle Bernal Diego Alonso 
Published: November 2022

Hemos vivido un avance desde las papeletas impresas en papel periódico hasta llegar a los modelos de tarjetas electorales impresas en papel de seguridad con código de barras, elaboradas por la Registraduría Nacional del Estado Civil. La evolución de esta herramienta para ejercer el derecho al voto se basó en estudios previos, laboratorios pedagógicos con la ciudadanía y jurados de votación. Hacemos referencia que esta evolución va de la mano con la pedagogía electoral y que su objetivo primordial es la participación y la reducción de votos nulos o mal marcados. Es importante resaltar que se debe facilitar al ciudadano la escogencia de sus opciones en la tarjeta electoral, sin importar su nivel de escolaridad o sus preferencias políticas. Atendiendo los hechos y la lógica, implicaría que su intención de voto sea clara que y que no permita duda, así como que los jurados de votación la plasmen en las actas de escrutinio; esto quiere decir que esta herramienta facilita su interpretación y que en el momento de duda se deberá tener en cuenta el principio de la eficacia del voto, acción que represente la expresión libre de la voluntad del elector.
Formulasi Dan Evaluasi Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Buah Pare (Momordica Charantia L.) Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Carbopol 940
Authors: Yusuf Anna L , Nugraha Davit , Wahlanto Panji , Indriastuti Marlina , Ismail Rian , Himah Farah A 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRAK

Pendahuluan: Jerawat merupakan penyakit kulit berupa peradangan pada lapisan polisebaseus yang dipicu oleh bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Salah satu tanaman yang secara empiris dan berdasarkan data ilmiah memiliki khasiat antijerawat adalah buah pare (Momordica Charantia L.). Dalam ekstrak buah pare terkandung flavonoid yang diduga dapat berperan sebagai senyawa aktif sediaan antijerawat. Penelitian ini.
Tujuan: untuk memformulasikan sediaan gel ekstrak buah pare dengan perbandingan basis carbopol 940 1,4%, 1,7%, 2% dan melakukan uji evaluasi sediaan gel memenuhi standar.
Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratorium. Evaluasi sediaan gel meliputi uji organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, daya sebar, daya lekat, viskositas, uji sineresis dan uji cycling test. Data yang diperoleh diolah dalam analisis statistika ANOVA one way dan Krusskal wallis untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh variasi carbopol 940 dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ekstrak buah pare dapat diformulasikan dalam sediaan gel dan memenuhi uji evaluasi sediaan. Ketiga Formulasi memenuhi syarat uji homogenitas hasil yang didapat homogen. Uji Ornanoleptik pada ketiga formulasi didapat hasil bau khas buah pare, warna coklat kekuningan, tekstur kekentalan sedang. Uji pH pada formulasi 1 dan 2 hasil dengan rata-rata pH 6,1 formulasi 3 dan kontrol (+) pH 6.
Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan dari penelitian bahwa penggunaan carbopol 940 sebagai basis berpengaruh terhadap kestabilan fisik dari viskositas, pH, daya lekat dan daya sebar sediaan gel.
Estudio de prevalencia de lesiones laríngeas y disfagia en pacientes críticos traqueostomizados por COVID-19
Authors: Falduti Alejandra K. , Chiappero Guillermo R. , Catini María Eugenia 
Published: November 2022

Introducción: Los pacientes con neumonía grave por COVID-19 pueden requerir in­tubación orotraqueal, ventilación mecánica prolongada y traqueostomía. La presencia de la vía aérea artificial puede generar lesiones laríngeas y estar asociada a disfunción deglutoria con aumento del riesgo de aspiración.
Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de lesiones laríngeas y disfagia orofaríngea en los pacientes críticos traqueostomizados por COVID-19. Como objetivo secundario, evaluar la asociación entre la presencia de lesión laríngea y disfagia y de cada una de ellas con antecedentes del paciente, duración de la vía aérea artificial y maniobra de decúbito prono.
Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, longitudinal y retrospectivo, realizado en el hospital Juan A. Fernández, CABA, Argentina. Se incluyeron de manera consecu­tiva pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19 traqueostomizados. La presencia de le­siones laríngeas y disfagia se valoró mediante estudio endoscópico de la deglución al momento de la decanulación.
Resultados: Se analizaron 32 pacientes, de los cuales, 28 (87,5%) evidenciaron al menos una lesión laríngea, principalmente en la región glótica. La prevalencia de disfagia fue de 65,6% (21/32). No se encontró asociación significativa entre lesiones laríngeas y disfagia (p = 0,70).
Conclusión: En esta cohorte de pacientes, las lesiones laríngeas y la disfagia fueron altamente prevalentes. La evaluación precoz mediante endoscopia de la deglución nos ha facilitado un diagnóstico oportuno para guiar el tratamiento de manera indi­vidual hasta la decanulación y resolución de la disfagia encontrada.
Frenhofer – nhân vật kỳ ảo trong truyện ngắn Kiệt tác không người biết của Honoré De Balzac
Authors: Lương Thị Gấm 
Published: November 2022

Kiệt tác không người biết là một trong những truyện ngắn kỳ ảo tiêu biểu của H. De Balzac. Cái kỳ ảo trong tác phẩm được biểu hiện trên nhiều phương diện, trong đó, Frenhofer được xem là một nhân vật kỳ ảo tiêu biểu. Cái kỳ ảo của nhân vật Frenhofer được biểu hiện tập trung ở ba khía cạnh: tính “siêu nhiên”; trạng thái vô thức và năng lực ban sự sống cho nhân vật. Việc xây dựng thành công hình tượng nhân vật kỳ ảo Frenhofer đã góp một phần quan trọng làm nên sức hấp dẫn và thành công cho tác phẩm
Physicochemical Quality and Health Risks Associated with Use of Water from Nyamwamba River, Kasese, Western Uganda
Authors: Masereka Jockus , Byamugisha Denis , Adaku Christopher 
Published: November 2022

Aim: In Kasese district of Western Uganda, farmers cultivating near Nyamwamba River (NR) experience crop wilting whenever the river banks burst. Increased cases of cancer and ulcers in the district is anecdotally blamed on ingestion of contaminated water from water resources polluted by tailings from Kilembe copper mines. Sand miners attested that mining in NR caused body irritations and itching while drinking water from the same river results in abdominal complications in infants. The aim of this study was to assess the seasonal variations in the physicochemical parameters and heavy metals (HMs) content of water from NR, and the associated health risks.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiments were done at the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda from 2018 to 2019.
Methodology: This study employed quantitative research design. Water was sampled from down, middle and upstream of NR and Mubuku River, Western Uganda during the dry and wet seasons. The samples were analyzed for physicochemical parameters (pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, total suspended soils) and HMs: chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and copper (Cu) by atomic absorption spectrometry. The estimated daily intake (EDI), target harzard quotient (THQ) and cancer risks were calculated to explore if there are any carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks that could arise from ingestion and dermal contact with water from NR.
Results: Most physicochemical parameters of the water samples only met WHO guidelines for drinking water in the upstream. The mean concentration of Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd and As were 0.90-29.66 mg/L, 0.21-10.74 mg/L, 0.40-8.21 mg/L, 1.10-13.47 mg/L, 0.79-13.47 mg/L, 0.05-1.40 mg/L and 0.22-4.34 mg/L, respectively. Wet season recorded higher HMs concentrations when compared to the dry season, with all its samples exceeding the WHO guidelines for drinking water. There was an extremely high concentration of HMs in the upstream samples than expected. Health risk assessment indicated that the EDI through dermal contact ranged from 0.015 to 4.150 mg/kg/day while through ingestion of contaminated water, the values ranged from 0.008 × 10-6 to 38.266 × 10-6 mg/Lday. Some of the EDI doses were higher than corresponding reference doses for ingestion and contact with the HMs in water. THQ and total THQ exceeded 1 while cancer risk values were beyond the US EPA cancer risk borderline.
Conclusion: This study revealed that there are serious non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks that could arise from consumption and contact with water from NR. Future studies should examine the relationship between the occurrence of trace metals in food stuffs with cancer, ulcers and other associated diseases in the area.
The Use of Allochthonous Tropical Peat Swamps of Antananarivo for Dyes Elimination in Effluents
Authors: Andriamalala Rajoelisoa , Hervé Ravelonandro Pierre 
Published: November 2022

Textile industries play an important role in the economy of developing countries. However, these industries are among the major consumers of water and chemical inputs. They reject considerable quantities of wastewater, the quality of which sometimes threatens the environment due to the inefficiency of the treatment methods used. This is combined with the inaccessibility to the advanced purification technologies because of their high cost. Many low-cost materials have been studied by scientists to treat effluents. The ATP (allochthonous tropical peat) of Antananarivo, Madagascar, has aroused interest in the treatment of wastewater, especially for colored textile effluents. The physico-chemical characteristics of the ATP are determined, then the BLM dye (methylene blue) is used as a model dye for adsorption. After that, treatment tests in the form of filtration are carried out with textile effluent. This study showed that ATP removes cationic dyes more favorably than anionic ones at pH greater than 4.2, the zero-charge point of peat. The adsorption of BLM, a cationic dye, on ATP is physisorption and endothermic. A maximum of 20mg of BLM dye is adsorbed per gram of ATP and its follows the Langmuir model. The analysis of the IR spectra showed that the carboxylic function and the phenol group of the peat are involved on the dye fixation. The treatment of effluent taken from the textile industry revealed that ATP improves the pH and the color of the effluent; however, it increases the COD due to the presence of certain organic acids.
Return on Investment of the COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign in New York City
Authors: Sah Pratha , Vilches Thomas N. , Moghadas Seyed M. , Pandey Abhishek , Gondi Suhas , Schneider Eric C. , Singer Jesse , Chokshi Dave A. , Galvani Alison P. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceNew York City, an early epicenter of the pandemic, invested heavily in its COVID-19 vaccination campaign to mitigate the burden of disease outbreaks. Understanding the return on investment (ROI) of this campaign would provide insights into vaccination programs to curb future COVID-19 outbreaks.ObjectiveTo estimate the ROI of the New York City COVID-19 vaccination campaign by estimating the tangible direct and indirect costs from a societal perspective.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis decision analytical model of disease transmission was calibrated to confirmed and probable cases of COVID-19 in New York City between December 14, 2020, and January 31, 2022. This simulation model was validated with observed patterns of reported hospitalizations and deaths during the same period.ExposuresAn agent-based counterfactual scenario without vaccination was simulated using the calibrated model.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCosts of health care and deaths were estimated in the actual pandemic trajectory with vaccination and in the counterfactual scenario without vaccination. The savings achieved by vaccination, which were associated with fewer outpatient visits, emergency department visits, emergency medical services, hospitalizations, and intensive care unit admissions, were also estimated. The value of a statistical life (VSL) lost due to COVID-19 death and the productivity loss from illness were accounted for in calculating the ROI.ResultsDuring the study period, the vaccination campaign averted an estimated $27.96 (95% credible interval [CrI], $26.19-$29.84) billion in health care expenditures and 315 724 (95% CrI, 292 143-340 420) potential years of life lost, averting VSL loss of $26.27 (95% CrI, $24.39-$28.21) billion. The estimated net savings attributable to vaccination were $51.77 (95% CrI, $48.50-$55.85) billion. Every $1 invested in vaccination yielded estimated savings of $10.19 (95% CrI, $9.39-$10.87) in direct and indirect costs of health outcomes that would have been incurred without vaccination.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this modeling study showed an association of the New York City COVID-19 vaccination campaign with reduction in severe outcomes and avoidance of substantial economic losses. This significant ROI supports continued investment in improving vaccine uptake during the ongoing pandemic.
Assessment of Uptake Appropriateness of Computed Tomography for Lung Cancer Screening According to Patients Meeting Eligibility Criteria of the US Preventive Services Task Force
Authors: Liu Yu , Pan I-Wen Elaine , Tak Hyo Jung , Vlahos Ioannis , Volk Robert , Shih Ya-Chen Tina 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceCurrently, computed tomography (CT) is used for lung cancer screening (LCS) among populations with various levels of compliance to the eligibility criteria from the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations and may represent suboptimal allocation of health care resources.ObjectiveTo evaluate the appropriateness of CT LCS according to the USPSTF eligibility criteria.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. Participants included individuals who responded to the LCS module administered in 20 states and had valid answers to questions regarding screening and smoking history. Data were analyzed between October 2021 and August 2022.ExposuresScreening eligibility groups were categorized according to the USPSTF 2013 recommendations, and subgroups of individuals who underwent LCS were analyzed.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMain outcomes included LCS among the screening-eligible population and the proportions of the screened populations according to compliance categories established from the USPSTF 2013 and 2021 recommendations. In addition, the association between respondents’ characteristics and LCS was evaluated for the subgroup who were screened despite not meeting any of the 3 USPSTF screening criteria: age, pack-year, and years since quitting smoking.ResultsA total of 96 097 respondents were identified for the full study cohort, and 2 subgroups were constructed: (1) 3374 respondents who reported having a CT or computerized axial tomography to check for lung cancer and (2) 33 809 respondents who did not meet any screening eligibility criteria. The proportion of participants who were under 50 years old was 53.1%; between 50 and 54, 9.1%; between 55 and 79, 33.8%; and over 80, 4.0%. A total of 51 536 (50.9%) of the participants were female. According to the USPSTF 2013 recommendation, 807 (12.8%) of the screening-eligible population underwent LCS. Among those who were screened, only 807 (20.9%) met all 3 screening eligibility criteria, whereas 538 (20.1%) failed to meet any criteria. Among respondents in subgroup 2, being of older age and having a history of stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, kidney disease, or diabetes were associated with higher likelihood of LCS.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of the BRFSS 2019 survey, the low uptake rate among screening-eligible patients undermined the goal of LCS of early detection. Suboptimal screening patterns could increase health system costs and add financial stress, psychological burden, and physical harms to low-risk patients, while failing to provide high-quality preventive services to individuals at high risk of lung cancer.
Honey bees are the most abundant visitors to Australian watermelon but native stingless bees are equally effective as pollinators
Authors: Subasinghe Arachchige Erandi C. W. , Rader Romina , Cutting Brian T. , Keir Matthew , van Noort Theo , Fale Grant , Howlett Brad G. , Samnegård Ulrika , Evans Lisa J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite the benefits of a diverse approach to crop pollination, global food production remains reliant on a low diversity of managed pollinators, especially the European honey bee (Apis mellifera). To facilitate more robust pollinator management and improve the resilience of the production system, it is necessary to understand regional variation in the pollination ecology of global food crops. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus[Thunb.] Matsum & Nakai) is a highly insect pollinator‐dependent crop and even though it is grown globally across many different climate zones, little is known about its pollination ecology across the diverse growing regions of Australia, spanning from the tropics to the arid zone.We compared the species composition, visitation rates and effectiveness of the dominant floral visitors on 15 farms across five major watermelon‐growing regions of Australia.We found that insect species composition differed significantly among regions, but honey bees were the dominant watermelon flower visitor, with relative abundance varying from 73% to 94%. However, native bees (including stingless beesTetragonulasp., and bees from families Megachilidae and Halictidae such asLasioglossum,HomalictusandLipotriches) and flies (particularly Syrphidae sp.) also visited and transferred pollen onto watermelon flowers.In particular, native stingless bees were common visitors in several growing regions and deposited similar amounts of pollen to honey bees.Our findings indicate that the Australian watermelon industry utilizes honey bees, but the diverse assemblage of available native pollinating taxa provides an additional opportunity for growers in specific growing regions. Pollination service delivery could be increased by deploying managed populations (e.g., native stingless bee colonies), employing pollinator‐safe land management practices as well as exploring methods for increasing the efficiency of managed honey bee colonies.