bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic dipole-induced self-doping in Janus MXY-based (M = Mo, W; X = S; Y = Se, Te) p–n junctions
Authors: Xiao Kun-Xing , Si Yuan , Yang Ke , Lian Ji-Chun , Huang Tao , Peng Wei , Huang Gui-Fang , Hu Wangyu , Huang Wei-Qing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Semiconductor p–n junctions are the most rudimentary building block in modern optoelectronic devices. Herein, we report and demonstrate, using first-principle calculations, that an intrinsic dipole induces self-doping in Janus MXY (M = Mo, W; X = S; Y = Se, Te) van der Waals p–n junctions. The stacked dipole moment in Janus MXY homostructures drives the electrons and holes transfer, forming self-doped p-type and n-type regions in the outermost layer, which is in stark distinction from previously applied electric fields. Furthermore, the doping level in G/MXY/G (G = graphene) heterostructures can be modulated by tuning the thickness of the Janus MXY. Taking the G/WSTe/G heterostructure as an example, the charge carrier density could be tunable to

6.3
×

10

13

c

m

−

2

when the Janus WSTe thickness is stacked to a double layer. Interestingly, the interface dipole moment caused by the electrons transfer results in an asymmetric doping level in the top graphene and bottom graphene. Our work provides an intrinsic approach for designing self-doped p–n junctions.
Elasticity versus phase field driven motion in the phase field crystal model
Authors: Acharya Amit , Angheluta Luiza , Viñals Jorge 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The inherent inconsistency in identifying the phase field in the phase field crystal theory with the material mass and, simultaneously, with material distortion is discussed. In its current implementation, elastic relaxation in the phase field crystal occurs on a diffusive time scale through a dissipative permeation mode. The very same phase field distortion that is included in solid elasticity drives diffusive motion, resulting in a non physical relaxation of the phase field crystal. We present two alternative theories to remedy this shortcoming. In the first case, it is assumed that the phase field only determines the incompatible part of the elastic distortion, and therefore one is free to specify an additional compatible distortion so as to satisfy mechanical equilibrium at all times (in the quasi static limit). A numerical solution of the new model for the case of a dislocation dipole shows that, unlike the classical phase field crystal model, it can account for the known law of relative motion of the two dislocations in the dipole. The physical origin of the compatible strain in this new theory remains to be specified. Therefore, a second theory is presented in which an explicit coupling between independent distortion and phase field accounts for the time dependence of the relaxation of fluctuations in both. Preliminary details of its implementation are also given.
Computational approaches to model X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy from molecular dynamics
Authors: Mohanty Shaswat , Cooper Christopher B , Wang Hui , Liang Mengning , Cai Wei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) allows for the resolution of dynamic processes within a material across a wide range of length and time scales. X-ray speckle visibility spectroscopy (XSVS) is a related method that uses a single diffraction pattern to probe ultrafast dynamics. Interpretation of the XPCS and XSVS data in terms of underlying physical processes is necessary to establish the connection between the macroscopic responses and the microstructural dynamics. To aid the interpretation of the XPCS and XSVS data, we present a computational framework to model these experiments by computing the X-ray scattering intensity directly from the atomic positions obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. We compare the efficiency and accuracy of two alternative computational methods: the direct method computing the intensity at each diffraction vector separately, and a method based on fast Fourier transform that computes the intensities at all diffraction vectors at once. The computed X-ray speckle patterns capture the density fluctuations over a range of length and time scales and are shown to reproduce the known properties and relations of experimental XPCS and XSVS for liquids.
Nanostructure MoS2 electrocatalyst modified large area carbon electrode for efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Gupta Jyoti , Das Dibakar , Karati Anirudha , Joardar Joydip , Borse Pramod H 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hydrothermally synthesized nanostructured MoS2 was immobilized over large area graphite paper (5 × 5 mm2) to fabricate electrode for hydrogen evolution application. The chemical optimization via. variation in hydroxylamine hydrochloride(HAH) concentration, led to nanosheets containing surface over the micro-balls, with a 1T and 2H phase of MoS2. A physicochemical and electrochemical characterization yielded a lowest Tafel slope of ∼67 mV dec−1, a lowest over potential of 0.19 V with a significant electrocatalytic stability in acidic. An electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution over optimized MoS2 evolved 2 times (∼46 μmol h−1) of hydrogen gas as compared to that from MoS2 synthesized without HAH. The improved performance of electrocatalyst can be attributed to the combination of phase, and electrochemical properties 2D structure of MoS2.
Preferential modulation of individual retinal ganglion cells by electrical stimulation
Authors: Yunzab Molis , Soto-Breceda Artemio , Maturana Matias , Kirkby Stephanie , Slattery Maximilian , Newgreen Anton , Meffin Hamish , Kameneva Tatiana , Burkitt Anthony N , Ibbotson Michael , Tong Wei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective. Retinal prostheses have had limited success in vision restoration through electrical stimulation of surviving retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the degenerated retina. This is partly due to non-preferential stimulation of all RGCs near a single stimulating electrode, which include cells that conflict in their response properties and their contribution to visiual processing. Our study proposes a stimulation strategy to preferentially stimulate individual RGCs based on their temporal electrical receptive fields (tERFs). Approach. We recorded the responses of RGCs using whole-cell patch clamping and demonstrated the stimulation strategy, first using intracellular stimulation, then via extracellular stimulation. Main results. We successfully reconstructed the tERFs according to the RGC response to Gaussian white noise current stimulation. The characteristics of the tERFs were extracted and compared based on the morphological and light response types of the cells. By re-delivering stimulation trains that were composed of the tERFs obtained from different cells, we could preferentially stimulate individual RGCs as the cells showed lower activation thresholds to their own tERFs. Significance. This proposed stimulation strategy implemented in the next generation of recording and stimulating retinal prostheses may improve the quality of artificial vision.
Aeroelastic characterisation of a bio-inspired flapping membrane wing
Authors: Gehrke Alexander , Richeux Jules , Uksul Esra , Mulleners Karen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Natural fliers like bats exploit the complex fluid–structure interaction between their flexible membrane wings and the air with great ease. Yet, replicating and scaling the balance between the structural and fluid-dynamical parameters of unsteady membrane wings for engineering applications remains challenging. In this study, we introduce a novel bio-inspired membrane wing design and systematically investigate the fluid–structure interactions of flapping membrane wings. The membrane wing can passively camber, and its leading and trailing edges rotate with respect to the stroke plane. We find optimal combinations of the membrane properties and flapping kinematics that out-perform their rigid counterparts both in terms of increased stroke-average lift and efficiency, but the improvements are not persistent over the entire input parameter space. The lift and efficiency optima occur at different angles of attack and effective membrane stiffnesses which we characterise with the aeroelastic number. At optimal aeroelastic numbers, the membrane has a moderate camber between 15% and 20% and its leading and trailing edges align favourably with the flow. Higher camber at lower aeroelastic numbers leads to reduced aerodynamic performance due to negative angles of attack at the leading edge and an over-rotation of the trailing edge. Most of the performance gain of the membrane wings with respect to rigid wings is achieved in the second half of the stroke when the wing is decelerating. The stroke-maximum camber is reached around mid-stroke but is sustained during most of the remainder of the stroke which leads to an increase in lift and a reduction in power. Our results show that combining the effect of variable stiffness and angle of attack variation can significantly enhance the aerodynamic performance of membrane wings and has the potential to improve the control capabilities of micro air vehicles.
Universal framework for the long-time position distribution of free active particles
Authors: Santra Ion , Basu Urna , Sabhapandit Sanjib 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Active particles self-propel themselves with a stochastically evolving velocity, generating a persistent motion leading to a non-diffusive behavior of the position distribution. Nevertheless, an effective diffusive behavior emerges at times much larger than the persistence time. Here we develop a general framework for studying the long-time behavior for a class of active particle dynamics and illustrate it using the examples of run-and-tumble particle, active Ornstein–Uhlenbeck particle, active Brownian particle, and direction reversing active Brownian particle. Treating the ratio of the persistence-time to the observation time as the small parameter, we show that the position distribution generically satisfies the diffusion equation at the leading order. We further show that the sub-leading contributions, at each order, satisfies an inhomogeneous diffusion equation, where the source term depends on the previous order solutions. We explicitly obtain a few sub-leading contributions to the Gaussian position distribution. As a part of our framework, we also prescribe a way to find the position moments recursively and compute the first few explicitly for each model.
Estimation Downward Longwave Radiation Using Neural Networks in Baghdad City
Authors: Al-Sibahee Weaam M. , AL-Salihi Ali M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The aim of the present study is to compare the accuracy and precision of the traditional method and artificial neural network (ANN) to estimate downward longwave radiation (DLR) under clear-sky conditions. DLR is useful for agriculture, global warming detection, and ecology. In order to train and estimate DLR in Baghdad, Iraq, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed. The activation functions (Sigmoid, Hyperbolic secant, Hyperbolic tangent), hidden layers (1, 2, 3, and 4), alteration 10000 to 50000 with interval 10000 were employed for both hidden and output layers. ANN best model was compared to eight other models based on root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (R2). The comparative statistic for performance of the DLR model calculations during day-time and night-time have shown that the parameterization has the best results compared to the measured data. It was found that the optimum model is the (105) model where R and RMSE were 0.999 and 0.6 respectively. The results in this study indicate that the ANN can successfully be used for the estimation of DLR for Baghdad city and is more suitable than the traditional method.
Biological Activity of Ipomoea Carnea Leaves Extracts against Larval Instars of Filarial Vector Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquito
Authors: Al-Husseini Maallh T. , Merza Feryal Ameen , Al-Mousawi H. R. , Kareem Fadhil K. , Albushabaa Suhad H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The present study was investigated the biological activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Ipomoea carnea, as well as cool and boiled aqueous extracts for investigating toxic affect against, 2nd, and 4th instar larvae of the laboratory reared mosquito species Culex
quinquefasciatus after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure. The tested larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus were exposed to four concentrations (5, 2, 1 and 0.5 mg/ml) of crude ethanol leaf extract for different time durations. Results were demonstrated that ethanolic leaf extract at concentrations 5 and 2 mg/ml of I. carnea affected the mortality of second and fourth instar larvae it reached 100% after 24 h from treatments. Aqueous extracts of I. carnea leaves also lead to increased mortality rates of second and fourth larvae after 72h, at 50 mg/ml for cool and boiled aqueous extracts the mortality rates were increased into 90 and 95 % respectively. The present study showed that I. carnea leaves extracts have larvicidal activity against filarial vector mosquito Cx. quinquefasciatus.
Acceleration of Bio-Ethanol Production from Waste Vegetables and Fruits by Using Zymomonas mobilis Genetically Modified
Authors: Albanna Ayman , AL-Bajjari Asmaa H.T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The genetic modification pathways have been considered the shortest and most efficient for the production of bioethanol, in particular, that knock-in Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1) originally from Saccharomyces cerevisiae into the overexpression plasmid (pET28a), in order to continuous stimulate and accelerate the fermentation after inserted directly into the Zymomonas mobilis bacteria. At the same time, there are huge volumes of waste vegetables and fruit which are produced every day from restaurants and shops, and need to eliminate them with modern scientific methods, in order to the clean the environment and produced biofuel to reduce at least the use of fossil fuels. The percentage of production bioethanol was 52 % / 172 hours, which is considered a qualitative leap in the percentage of production during that period. In contrast, HPLC technique has determined the purity of bioethanol was 89.07% compared to 99% absolute ethanol which is possible to increase the purity according to the biochemical method. This study illustrated that may be commercially bioethanol produced in the future by the development of technology-based on genetic modification of bacteria.
Adding Charcoal to Diet as A means to Reduce Costs and Its Effect on Production Performance and Economic Indicators in Broilers
Authors: AL-Hamed Anwar Mohammed , Kharoufa Ali Husam 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis research was done in poultry field of the Department of animals production, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul. The duration of the research was 42 days for period from 13/11/2021 to 24 /12/2021. Unsexed day one -old broiler chicks were reared in litter at the beginning, in the second week chicks randomly distributed into four treatments, with three replicates for each treatment, They were as follows: T1: control diet (without added charcoal), T2: standard diet 3%, charcoal T3: standard diet with 5% charcoal, T4: standard diet with 7% charcoal. The results of statistical analysis shows no significant effect in live body weight, relative growth rate, feed conversion ratio, productivity, and mortality rates, with a significant superiority of the charcoal addition treatments compared to the control treatment in the rate of weight gain, the production index and the production factor. A significant increase in feed consumption was also observed for the treatment of added charcoal by 7% compared to the control treatment.
Effect of Addition Stachys Lamiaceae Water Extract on Chilling Sheep Sperms Derived from the Vas Deference’s
Authors: Al-Jabbar Ibrahim Ali Abd , Amin AL-Tawash Ali Sami , Mahdy Mohammed Rasul , Mardenli Omar , Al-Shammas Ghassan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The main objective of this study was to find out the effect of adding Stacy’s Lamiaceae plant water extract on the traits of sperms derived from the transport channels of sheep kept cold. This study was conducted using 50 ducts of adult domestic rams slaughtered at the local Al-Shula slaughterhouse. The study was carried at the College of Agriculture, University of Al-Qadisiyah, during the period from December 2020 to March 2021. This study consists of one experiment showing the effect of adding water extract of Stachys Lamiaceae on the characteristics of chilling sperms taken from the sheep Vas Deferenses. 100 VasDeferenses were divided randomly into five groups 20 Vas deferens for each group. Spermatozoa were extracted from the Vas deferens and diluted with tris extender and egg yolk, and according to the treated groups, the control group (T1) was left untreated. The second group (T2) was added 100 international units/ml of penicillin with 100 mg/ml of streptomycin. The groups (T3;1%, T4; 2% and T5; 3%, respectively) were added to the water extract of Stachys Lamiaceae and stored in the refrigerator at 5C° for one hour across one day, two days and three days. The sperms were examined (mass activity, individual motility, progressive motility, non-progressive motility, immotile sperm, dead sperm, abnormal sperm, HOST test and water test. The results indicated a significant improvement ((P<0.05) in the parameters of sperms where sperms of T5 treatment achieved the best value compared with the control group after cold storage for one, two and three days, A significant difference was noticed (P<0.05) across the treated groups with antibiotics compared with other groups. From the current study, we conclude that the addition of the water extract of the Stachys Lamiaceae led to an improvement in the environment of sperm chilling storage, which led to an improvement in the parameters of sperm fluid.
Genetic Effects in Protecting Potatoes from Pests and Diseases for Some Potato Varieties (Solanum Tuberosum. L)
Authors: Kammas Nihad Aziz , Ahmed Al-Tamemi Omar A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to study some genetic methods of some potato cultivars and their resistance to snake worms in the agricultural season 2018-2019 in one of the distinguished farms in the eastern province of Diyala-Mandali. At the same time, these genotypes had good production capacity and resistance to environmental conditions, including structures (1 and 2), at a rate of 12% compared to other varieties, where they were less susceptible to pathological infection such as structures (5 and 6) and at an infection rate of 15%, the study also showed that The dense vegetation cover has an important role in the viral effect on the tubers and the accumulation of infection due to the presence of favorable conditions for infection, as shown in Table No. (3) that the rate of (6.4%) is free of dense infestation and that more than half of the structures were more susceptible to the accumulation of viral mites and various infections in varying proportions And the percentage of sluggishness was from (18.9 to 18.0), and this is a simple statistical discrepancy if compared to the two seasons, with an average reached for both seasons, respectively (19.1 to 17.2), in both seasons. Both pathological and resistant cases were the two cultivars (Fuji and Burin) more susceptible to viral infection than others.
Evaluation of Phytochemical Constituents by GC-MS, HPLC and Biological Activity of Peganum Harmala L. Seeds Extract
Authors: Najm Mohammed R. , Sultan Fatimah I. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The chemical compounds known as the active compounds separated from the seeds of Peganum harmala are characterized by their antibacterial activity against Staphlococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Agrobicterum. rhizogenes a successive solvent system was used to obtain the petroleum ether and methanolic extract according to polarity.
The Peganum harmala seeds using Soxhleet continuous extraction device separated the fatty acids from the crude petroleum ether extract after soapification and diagnosed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS( The results showed the presence of Pentadecanoic acid, octadecadienoate, Octadecenoicacid, Hexadecanoiacid, Cyclobutanecarboxylic acid While the alkaloids were separated from the crude methanol extract and diagnosed by HPLC technology, the results indicated the presence of Harmine and Harmalol the above-mentioned compounds are considered to have a high inhibitory activity against the bacteria used under study using a pit susceptibility test compared to standard antibiotics.
Response of Wheat Cultivars Triticum Aestivum L. to Spraying with Amino Acid Solution Green (GREIT VG)
Authors: Joudah Yasir Al-Saidan Khudhair 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in Al-Fadhiliya region, 11 km south of Dhi Qar Governorate during the winter agricultural season 2021-2022, to find out the response of wheat cultivars to effect spraying with amino acid solution Green (GREIT VG) as (100% bio stimulant of plant origin containing amino acids at a concentration of 15-30) L.ha-1 (Italian origin, use minimum concentration). The experiment was carried out according to Split Plot Design and using the RCBD Design with three replications. The first factor included spray levels of amino acids (F) (spray in the Tillering stage ZGs21 (F1), spray in the elongation stage ZGs32 (F2), spray in the Boot stage ZGs49 (F3)) (in main plot), while the second factor included the wheat varieties (V)(Al-Rasheed (V1), Bora (V2), ) Abaa 99 (V3) (in sub plot). The results showed the level of amino acid spray (F1) is superior in most of the studied traits (Chlorophyll content 0.7878, flag leaf area 54.78 cm2, number of tillers 426.2 tiller.m-2, number of grains per spike 64.67 grain. spike-1, total grain yield 1.7429t.h-1). However, the level of amino acid spray (F2) is higher (plant height 113.67 cm, weight of 1000 grains 42,371g). Al-Rasheed cultivar (V1) excelled in (plant height 119.22 cm, chlorophyll content 0.7622, flag leaf area 59.96cm-2, number of grains per spike 66.67 grains, spike-1), while Bora cultivar (V2) excelled in the number of tillers 484.7 triller.m-2, the weight of 1000 grains 44.099 g, so the total grain yield is 1.6887 t.h-1. Interaction treatment (F1 V2) gave the highest mean of total grain yield of 1.8540 t.h-1.
Effect of the Nutritional Host on some Biological Manifestations of the Tobacco Leaf Worm Spodoptera litura fab (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae)
Authors: Ali Al-Hayali Esraa M. , Muhammad Al-Jalal Haitham M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The study was carried out in the Entomology Laboratory to estimate the effect the nutritional host (chard, maize and cabbage) on some biological aspects of the tobacco leaf worm Spodoptera litura at temperature 27±2°C and relative humidity of 50±5%. The results of the study indicated that the role of the egg was affected by the type of food, as the highest average number of egg masses was (10.6) egg mass / female when the larvae fed on yellow corn, and the lowest average number of egg masses was (8.5) egg mass / female when fed on cabbage, while the highest average number of eggs in one mass was 163 eggs/mass when the larva was fed on chart, while the lowest average was 79 eggs/mass when fed on cabbae. The results also showed that the shortest incubation period and the highest hatching rate for eggs were recorded when feeding on the chard, reaching 2.6 days to 97.50%, respectively. The duration of the larval period varied according to the host, and the shortest period of the larval stag when feeding on chard was 21.8 days, and the longest was 33 days when fed on cabbage. The percentage of larvae turning into pupae reached its maximum when fed on chard, it amounted to 99%. The results of the study showed that the longest period of the pupa’s role was when feeding the larvae on cabbae, while the shortest period was when the larvae were fed on the chard, which amounted to 14 and 7.3 days, respectively. While the age of the adult was not significantly affected by the nutritional difference of the host.