bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The study of the strongest solar event on a minimum of the 24th solar cycle
Authors: Peldon D , Tshering K , Gurung B , Khumlumlert T , Aiemsa-Ad N 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The strongest solar flares of the 24th solar cycle erupted on September 6, 2017, and it was the 8th strongest solar flare recorded since 1996. This extreme solar flare occurred at the minimum of the 24th solar cycle. The active region is located in the Western Hemisphere and produced the violent explosion of class X9.3 and X2.2 on September 6, X1.3 on September 7, and X8.2 on September 10, 2017. The injection duration of the solar energetic particles of the solar event was 17 minutes. All data for this solar event was collected from the Advanced Composition Explorer and simulated for particles’ motion using the transport equation and solved by the numerical technique. We obtained the injection time of the solar energetic particle propagation by comparing fitting between the simulation results and the spacecraft data. Injection time taken by high-energy particles to travel from the Sun to the Earth was found to be in the range of 39 to 743 minutes. At the peak of this solar flare, the coronal mass ejection was detected, which increased the injection time. The Kp-index of this solar flare was 4; thus, there was no effect on the Earth. The Kp-index value increased to 8 on September 7-8, 2017, due to another solar event from the same sunspot region, indicating the effect of solar flare and CME, which resulted in the appearance of aurora.
Orbital stability of S-type circumbinary planets
Authors: Nantanoi N , Nantanoi N , Awiphan S , Komonjinda S , Bunfong T 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, more than 4,000 exoplanets have been discovered, including a hundred of circumbinary planets. In the following work, the orbital variations of 67 S-type circumbinary planets have been studied. Their orbital evolutions for a thousand years are simulated using the REBOUND package. The published physical and orbital parameters of the systems are used to computed the systems’ orbital instability limits: Roche limit and Hill’s sphere. From 67 systems, there are two unstable circumbinary systems: Kepler-420 and GJ 86. Kepler-420 Ab orbit passes into the system’s Roche limit due to its high orbital eccentricity. For GJ 86 Ab, the planet orbits outside its Hill’s sphere. The instability of GJ 86 Ab might be caused by an inaccurate measurement of GJ 86 A physical parameters. Using the GJ 86 A mass obtained from Farihi et al., the planet orbits in the stable orbit zone.
20-inch photomultiplier tube timing study for JUNO
Authors: Rodphai Narongkiat , Wang Zhimin , Suwonjandee Narumon , Asavapibhop Burin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator neutrino detector now under construction at Jiangmen, Guangdong, China for determination of neutrino mass ordering with 3% energy resolution at 1 MeV, a precise measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters, and other neutrino physics. The central detector is made up of a 35.4-meter diameter acrylic sphere which contains 20 kton of liquid scintillator and is surrounded by about 18k 20-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). The PMTs performance is one of the JUNO’s key successes to reach the high resolution goal. In this study, the PMT characteristic and its timing related responses were determined via the PMT generated signals, extracted from the PMT in a scanning station system. About 2,400 of micro-channel plate PMTs (MCP-PMTs) and dynode PMTs were analyzed for their responses with LED source such as rise time, fall time, transit time spread (TTS), gain, etc., which relate to photon incident on different positions of PMT’s glass surface. Furthermore, we also observed the fluctuation of PMT performance under magnetic field which can decrease the PMT photon detection efficiency (PDE).
Study of electroweak penguin B decays at Belle II experiment
Authors: Ineead J , Nishida S , Asavapibhop B , Suwonjandee N 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The electroweak b → sll (l = e, µ) transition is a flavor-changing neutral current process that mediates through a one-loop penguin diagram. The decay is considered to be a good probe for the New Physics as particles predicted in the beyond Standard Model theories can enter into the loop. The exclusive decay B → K
(*)
l
+
l

−
was first observed by the Belle experiment and it provides many observables such as the branching fraction, CP asymmetry, forward-backward asymmetry, and other angular observables. Recently, the LHCb experiment has reported some clue of a lepton flavor universality violation from the branching fraction ratio of the B → Kµ
+
µ

−
and B → Ke
+
e

−
decays. In this presentation, we report the status of the B → Kl
+
l

−
decay analysis at the Belle II experiment which started the data taking in 2019. We also, present an activity at the Belle II Chulalongkorn University group where we study the B → KJ/ψ decay which has the same topology as the B → Kl
+
l

−
.
Simulation of 3D vortex jets in plasma torch application
Authors: Kongpiboolkid W , Mongkolnavin R 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The gas tunnel type plasma jet is an effective heat source for thermal processing applications such as plasma spraying. The key concept of gas tunnel plasma is its torch configuration, especially the role of the vortex gas flow. This is very important for the stability and energy density of the plasma jet produced. This work studied the flow of gas vortex in 3 dimensions using a finite element simulation. The simulation is based on solving partial differential equations where the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation is used as a governing equation that describes the laminar flow. The geometry of the plasma torch investigated is based on the design by A. Kobayashi. Key parameters investigated were gas pressure, velocity and profile of the vortex. It can be shown that the simulation produced results that are better matched to the experimental result than the calculation done in previous work. The simulation can also show detailed pictures of the vortex and its properties within the plasma chamber. This study could be useful in the design optimization of the plasma torch in the future.
Heuristic compactness maximization algorithm for two-dimensional single-atom traps rearrangement
Authors: Mamee T , Anukool W , Thaicharoen N , Chattrapiban N , Sompet P 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We establish an algorithm and computational results based on heuristic rearrangement of randomly filled array toward a defect-free and compact array. In this approach, the vacancies are filled from the inner layer that is related to the distance from the center of each loading site. By rearranging the position of atoms that maximize the compactness of the system layer by layer, the algorithm is set to iterate until the compactness reaches its local maximum. The results show that by applying the algorithm, the compactness of the system converges up to ∼97% of the theoretical maximum.
Dynamics of spiral waves and bubble formation in a closed chemical system of thin photosensitive excitable media
Authors: Khaothong Kritsana , Chanchang Vikanda , Kanchanawarin Jarin , Sutthiopad Malee , Luengviriya Chaiya 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Spiral waves have been observed in a thin layer of excitable media. Especially, electrical spiral waves in cardiac tissues connect to cardiac tachycardia and life-threatening fibrillations. The Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction is the most widely used system to study the dynamics of spiral waves in experiments. When the light sensitive Ru(bpy)3
2+ is used as the catalyst, the BZ reaction becomes photosensitive and the excitability of the reaction can be controlled by varying the illumination intensity. However, the typical photosensitive BZ reaction produces many CO2 bubbles so the spiral waves are always studied in thin layer media with opened top surfaces to release the bubbles. In this work, we develop new chemical recipes of the photosensitive BZ reaction which produces less bubbles. To observe the production of bubbles, we investigate the dynamics of spiral waves in a closed thin layer system. The results show that both the speed of spiral waves and the number of bubbles increase with the concentration of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and sodium bromate (NaBrO3). For high initial concentrations of both reactants, the size of bubbles increases with time until the wave structures are destroyed. We expect that the chemical recipes reported here can be used to study complicated dynamics of three-dimensional spiral waves in thick BZ media where the bubbles cannot escape.
Stability and electronic structure of magnesium hydride and magnesium deuteride under high pressure
Authors: Boonchot Chayaphon , Tsuppayakorn-Aek Prutthipong , Pinsook Udomsilp , Bovornratanaraks Thiti 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMetal polyhydrides have attracted considerable attention because some of them become a metal under high pressure, and some undergo a phase transition into a superconductor. Some superconducting metal polyhydrides have recently been discovered with a high value of critical temperature (Tc) under pressure. In this research, we calculated the structures of MgH2, MgH3and MgD3under pressure between 0-300 GPa in order to determine the formation enthalpy and electronic property of their structures under high pressure by using density functional theory (DFT) based on the Quantum Espresso code. We found that the band structures reveal the metallic character of the compounds under high pressure. The energy band structures of MgHxand MgDxare exactly the same. However, their phonon dispersions are different due to the so-called isotope effect. We determined the composition stability by using the convex hull of Mg, H and the compounds. We found that MgH3 becomes thermodynamically more stable than MgH2at around 150 GPa. The results of phonons confirm that they are dynamically stable. This finding is served as a basis for future superconducting calculations.
The facile one-step hydrothermal method to prepare MnO2nanoparticles: Structural and electrochemical properties
Authors: Tangphanit K , Boonraksa N , Maensiri S , Swatsitang E , Wongsaprom K 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMnO2nanoparticles were successfully prepared via one-step hydrothermal method. The surface are properties of the MnO2nanoparticles were determined by BET nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurement. The XRD analyses confirm the pure phase of γ-MnO2and α-MnO2, having orthorhombic crystal structure (JCPDS file no.14-0644 and 44-0141). FE-SEM analysis reveals the combination of massively small spherical particles with average particle size 54.8 nm. The electrochemical results revealed that the MnO2nanoparticles delivered the specific capacitance of 200.83 F/g at a current density of 1A/g. The cycle stability was usability 30% after 500 cycles at a current density of 5 A/g. The MnO2nanoparticles reveal a energy density of 3.62 Wh/kg under a power density of 43.11 W/kg.
Synthesis of the platinum particle with the pH variation for the particle size control
Authors: Thongnopkun P , Kitprapot W 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Platinum is a precious metal widely used in the jewelry industry due to its property and intrinsic value. The different particle sizes of platinum can be applied in various applications, especially for jewelry production. In the present article, submicron, and nano-sized platinum particle sizes were synthesized through simple chemical reduction methods and the effect of pH variation was revealed. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that the pH variations give rise to significant changes of the obtained particle size. The size of platinum particle was decreased from submicron to nanoscale while the pH was increased. The UV-Vis spectra indicated the maximum absorption at 220 nm confirming the spherical shape of the platinum particle. The FT-IR spectroscopy was used to analyze the residuals from the synthesis. The result showed that there is no indication of residual in the synthesized particle. Additionally, this synthesis can provide stability in terms of size and shape, as well as high production yield.
Efficiency of supercapacitor with CaTiO3-filled polysulfone separators
Authors: Suwanwong S , Yuenyao C , Hutem A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Supercapacitors are one of the energy storages designed to serve the increasing demand for electricity nowadays. They are durable and can charge electricity faster and keep electric charge longer. In this study, electrodes for supercapacitors were made from aluminum foils coated with carbon nanotube film and separated by electrolyte solution and a separator. A separator could prevent short circuit but allow ions to pass through, and consequently increased storage layers of electric charge. The separators used in this study were made from polysulfone containing CaTiO3 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 wt% with perovskite properties, high dielectric constant, electrical resistivity and energy density. After that, they were built in coin-cell form. It was found from the study that the addition of 2.0 wt% CaTiO3, the largest proportion of all samples, provided a maximum specific energy at 4.03 mWh/g and a maximum specific capacitance at 4.64 F/g. accounting for 2.17-time higher than that of polysulfone without CaTiO3. The functional group analysis of PSF and CaTiO3 separators showed that the increasing of CaTiO3 in the PSF separators, the 2958 cm−1 in C-H stretch peaks reduced, and consequently specific energy and specific capacitance were higher. Thus, supercapacitors with CaTiO3-filled polysulfone separators are suitable for improving efficiency of supercapacitors in energy storage from electrical supply.
Ferroelectric properties and breakdown strength of layer-by-layer poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)) and polyurethane (PU) for energy storage application
Authors: Chooseng C , Chaipo S , Putson C 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Ferroelectric polymers are one of the next- generation pulsed capacitor materials for the potential application in capacitive energy storage. This polymer with higher saturated polarization, smaller remnant polarization, and higher electrical breakdown are the most promising candidates. In this work, the dielectric properties and energy storage capacity of the bilayer polymer films of Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)) and polyurethane (PU) were studied. These bilayer polymers were prepared by layer- by- layer method at the condition of variable layer thickness. The results show that the dielectric constants and the saturated polarization of the bilayer films increased, and bilayer films with P70/PU30 exhibit electrical high breakdown strength up to 379 V/μm. Moreover, enhanced energy storage density and the energy efficiency of the bilayer constrictors will be discussed for the capacitive energy storage polymers.
Correlation between PM2.5 and meteorological variables in Chiang Mai, Thailand
Authors: Anusasananan P , Morasum D , Suwanarat S , Thangprasert N 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Air pollution is a major concern for the population in Chiang Mai, northern Thailand, as it is for most people in other large cities around the world. Hazy skies and pollution alert have become normal during late winter and entire summer almost every year. Prolonged expose to PM2.5 can have acute and chronic effects on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. This research aims to study the correlations between PM2.5 and meteorological variables (rainfall and temperature) in Chiang Mai during 2017 and 2020. The cross wavelet transform (XWT) and wavelet coherence (WTC) have been used to examine these relations by assessing the presence of common power and the relative phase in the time-frequency space. The XWT between PM2.5 and rainfall shows a significant common power in two dominant period bands, one in the period between 10-14 months and the other one between 5-7 months. The first common power occurs during all observed time intervals, so it is obviously related to natural annual periodicities of PM2.5 and rainfall. The second band, which occurs only in the year 2019 may be connected with the beginning of the monsoon season which starts in May and brings a stream of warm moist air to Chiang Mai. Our data shows that PM2.5 typically begins to rise starting in November, and it remains high until March of the next year. The PM2.5 is low in rainy season since rain has a wet scavenging effect on PM2.5. The WTC, which is a measure of the correlation between two time series, indicate that there is a significant correlation between PM2.5 and rainfall in the 10-14 month band. The phase difference between these two time series is defined by arrows. The phase arrows pointing to the left indicated the anti-phase relation, when rainfall increases, PM2.5 decreases and vice versa. The correlation coefficient (r) between PM2.5 and rainfall in rainy season is equal to 0.8504. Our study also finds that there is a proven correlation between PM2.5 and temperature in a day time scale with the correlation coefficient equal to 0.9249. In a one-day period, PM2.5 is low in the day time and high at night. An understanding of how climate variability may impact PM2.5 concentration in Chiang Mai will help the government with better planning and preparation to prevent environmental hazard from PM2.5 pollution.
Sensitivity of different physics schemes using WRF model in Typhoon Damrey (2017) over the Indochina region
Authors: Keawsang-In Kulaya , Ratjiranukool Sujittra , Ratjiranukool Pakpoom 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
To reduce the tropical cyclone impact of lives and economics, the precise forecast of the event is required. The typhoon Damrey (2017), which caused ravaging of the strong wind, heavy precipitation, flash flood and storm surge over the Indochina region, was simulated by Weather Research and forecasting (WRF) model. The simulated duration was 8 days starting from 31 October 2017 00 00 UTC to 8 November 2017 00 00 UTC. The NCEP 6-hour global FNL (final analysis) data at 1-degree resolution is provided for initial condition. The WRF model was run in a single domain of 20 km horizontal resolution bounded 0 to 20 N and 96°E to 124°E. The different physics schemes, which are the microphysics schemes, the planetary boundary layer schemes and cumulus parameterization schemes, were emphasized to examine the suitable schemes in tropical cyclone simulation over the Indochina region. To evaluate the reliability of the simulation of tropical cyclone, the track-position is correlated with the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) observation. The results show that the typhoon simulation forced by Belts-Millers-Janjic cumulus, WSM6 microphysics was suitable for simulating of typhoon Damrey.
Drought analysis over northern Thailand
Authors: Ratjiranukool Pakpoom , Ratjiranukool Sujittra 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this research, the Kalman filter method was applied for correcting precipitations simulated by a high-resolution regional climate model named Non-hydrostatic Regional Climate Model (NHRCM) during the period of 1980-1999. The improved average monthly precipitations were close to the stational observations. To reduce systematic error, the Kalman filter method was also applied to simulated monthly precipitations during the future period of 2080-2099. They were analysed to evaluate drought conditions during March-April (out rainy season) and June-July (in rainy season) by using Standardized Precipitation Index, SPI. Preliminary Analysis shows that drought conditions during both periods slightly mitigate. Furthermore, the drought over upper northern Thailand was found in the wettest month during the southwest monsoon period, September. The other months during the monsoon active are wetter than the period of 1980-1999.
Determination of probe non-linearity and error due to measurement position for direct measurement type of gauge block comparator and its measurement uncertainty
Authors: Pringkasemchai A , Wongsaroj J , Mongkolsuttirat K 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The non-linearity of probes is one of the important components in gauge block calibration by the mechanical comparative method of two gauges blocks at the same nominal length. However, an advanced method for gauge block calibration is a mechanical direct measurement method of two gauge blocks showing the greatest difference in nominal length of 25 mm. This method uses a special probe based on the interferential scanning principle to produce the signals to measure the displacement. In this paper, non-linearity and error due to measurement position were investigated as they related to the accuracy of measurement results. The differences in central length of pairs of standard gauge blocks made of steel were measured by optical interferometry with the measurement uncertainty (k=2) 23 nm. Length in the range of 5 μm to 25 mm was used in the experiment. Non-linearity of the probe was evaluated by the simple linear regression model. Various factors such as origin setting point, temperature, and vibration have been analysed. In the preliminary experiment, the non-linearity, position error, repeatability and retrace error over the measuring range 25 mm are 13 nm, -18 nm, 15 nm, and 10 nm respectively. The standard uncertainty of direct measurement type caused by non-linearity is 4 nm.
Towards accurate non-contact moisture inspection using THz imaging and thickness information
Authors: Cota N , Jintamethasawat R , Prasertsuk K , Rattanawan P , Cota N , Phukphan P , Jia-Yi C , Kusolthossakul W , Poomvised P , Chulapakorn T 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study proposes an approach for a non-contact moisture inspection in dried food products, which is crucial to maintain optimal quality and shelf-life, using terahertz (THz) signal. To achieve this, a sample-specific calibration curve needs to be determined first. HAITAI crackers were chosen in this work for demonstration purposes. Fifteen stacks of crackers with different heights were prepared and moisturized by covering with a wet tissue paper for different time periods, resulting in moisture levels between 3 and 40% R.H.. Then, each sample was placed on a conveyor belt system between a THz source and THz a detector, and transmitted signal was measured 5 times. After that, moisture percentage of the sample was determined based on a gravimetric method, whose results served as a ground-truth measurement. A thickness of the sample was also measured using a vernier. All signal measurements, together with their corresponding known thicknesses and moisture percentages, were used to calculate necessary coefficients that define a sample-specific calibration curve. Once a calibration curve for the cracker was obtained, it was used to estimate the moisture percentages in samples with different thicknesses. Mean absolute error (MAE) of the moisture percentage is found to be less than 12% when the sample thickness is modelled as part of the calibration curve, which is over 50 times less compared to the case when the sample thickness is not modelled. Therefore, the utilization of an automatic thickness determination would be promising for real-time and accurate non-contact moisture inspection. This approach can be also integrated into a production line to improve quality control in the food industry without interrupting existing processes.