bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pursuing the protein challenge 2040: macrophytes protein production in temperate transitional water systems
Authors: Augusto Sfriso Andrea , Tomio Yari , Buosi Alessandro , Juhmani Abdul-Salam , Sfriso Adriano , Munari Cristina , Mistri Michele 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe in-field protein production of four macroalgae (Gracilariopsis vermiculophylla, Gracilaria gracilis, Gracilariopsis longissima, Ulva australis) and three seagrasses (Cymodocea nodosa, Zostera marina, Zostera noltei) was investigated in four transitional water systems over one year. The protein content in macroalgae ranged from 1.0 to 25.1% and was inversely related with water temperature. The annual protein production was the highest for G. longissima (500 g dw m−2 year−1), followed by G. vermiculophylla (350 g dw m−2 year−1), U. australis (33 g dw m−2 year−1) and G. gracilis (270 g dw m−2 year−1). The most productive months spanned between March and August for G. longissima and between December and May for G. vermiculophylla, reaching 78% and 85% of the annual production, respectively. The protein production was more uniform over the year for the other two macroalgae. The protein production in seagrasses was averagely from 3.4 to 12 times lower than in macroalgae and reached 77.8 g m−2 year−1 in C. nodosa, followed by Z. marina with 55.6 g m−2 year−1 and Z. noltei with 30.6 g m−2 year−1. The peak production between April and August accounted for 63–98% of the annual production. Rhizomes displayed the lowest protein contents (1.2–3.4%), almost half in comparison with leaves (2.3–5.1%) and the lowest protein production with 21.0 g m−2 year−1 for C. nodosa, 6.3 g m−2 year−1 for Z. marina and 9.0 g m−2 year−1 for Z. noltei. Aquatic macrophyte productions proved to be competitive with the main crops currently cultivated on land without competing in terms of land and freshwater destination. The challenge is still open on the front of digestibility and protein extraction but sustainable management and production of macrophytes (especially macroalgae) can significantly contribute to the global protein production in coastal areas.
Induction of water repellency by leaves of contrasting Australian native species: effects of composition and heating
Authors: Dao Mai T. T. , Henry David J. , Dell Bernard , Daniel Nicholas R. R. , Harper Richard J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aims
This study identifies the contribution of leaf matter from individual plant species on water repellency with a focus on the composition of organic compounds and the role of heat in releasing these compounds to soil.

Methods
Leaf powder from four plant species (Banksia menziesii, Eucalyptus marginata, Allocasuarina fraseriana, Xanthorrhoea preissii) was mixed with acid-washed sand (AWS) under a range of temperatures and WR measured. Plant chemical composition was characterized by extraction of leaf powder and GC/MS analysis.

Results
Increasing concentrations of plant powder mixed with AWS increased WR for three species; whereas for X. preissii there was no WR at any concentration. Heating increased WR for all species over the range of 30 to 120 °C. B. menziesii had the greatest WR, which was associated with the largest diversity of fatty acids and n-alcohols and highest concentration of alkanes, whereas X. preissii with the smallest WR had only C16 alcohol and C16 fatty acids at relatively low concentration.

Conclusions
Physically mixing leaf powder with AWS allows the contribution of different plant species on WR to be directly examined. WR appears to be related to differences in the concentrations and diversity of n-alcohols, n-fatty acids, and high n-alkanes in the leaves. The observed temperature effects on WR provide insights into the kinetics of release and dispersal of organic compounds from interstitial material.
A theoretical study of the valence tautomerism of 1H-pyrazolium-4-olates (X = O) and related compounds (X = S, Se, NH): relative stabilities, protonation effects, and tautomerization barriers
Authors: Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The valence isomerism of a series of heterocyclic mesomeric betaines (HMBs) belonging to class 5, called pseudo-semi-conjugated HMBs, has been studied theoretically both the neutral and the protonated species. These HMBs are 1H-pyrazol-2-ium-4-olates and related compounds where the oxygen atom has been replaced by S, Se atoms, and an NH group. The main conclusion of the present work is that the ring/open valence tautomerism is possible both for neutral and protonated although it has never been observed experimentally.
Guidelines for cadaver dissection in education and research of clinical medicine (The Japan Surgical Society and The Japanese Association of Anatomists)
Authors: Shichinohe Toshiaki , Kondo Takashi , Date Hiroshi , Hiramatsu Masako , Hirano Satoshi , Ide Chizuka , Iwanaga Toshihiko , Izawa Yoshimitsu , Kikuta Akio , Kobayashi Eiji , Matsui Yoshiro , Nohara Yutaka , Shibata Takanori , Shirakawa Yasuhiro , Suzuki Takane , Takahashi Haruo , Taneichi Hiroshi , Tsurumoto Toshiyuki , Uchiyama Yasuo , Watanabe Masahiko , Yaginuma Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi Kumiko , Yoshida Kazunari 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article translates the guidelines for cadaver surgical training (CST) published in 2012 by Japan Surgical Society (JSS) and Japanese Association of Anatomists from Japanese to English. These guidelines are based on Japanese laws and enable the usage of donated cadavers for CST and clinical research. The following are the conditions to implement the activities outlined in the guidelines. The aim is to improve medicine and to contribute to social welfare. Activities should only be carried out at medical or dental universities under the centralized control by the department of anatomy under the regulation of Japanese law. Upon the usage of cadavers, registered donors must provide a written informed-consent for their body to be used for CST and other activities of clinical medicine. Commercial use of cadavers and profit-based CST is strongly prohibited. Moreover, all the cadaver-related activities except for the commercial-based ones require the approval of the University's Institutional Review Board (IRB) before implementation. The expert committee organized at each university for the implementation of CST should summarize the implementation of the program and report the details of the training program, operating costs, and conflicts of interest to the CST Promotion Committee of JSS.
Leistungsstrukturanalyse im Praxischeck – Diskussion theoretischer Vorgaben und der praktischen Umsetzung am Beispiel des Sportkletterns
Authors: Augste Claudia , Winkler Marvin , Künzell Stefan 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungEs ist eine zentrale Aufgabe trainingswissenschaftlicher Forschung, Leistungsstrukturmodelle zu erstellen. Durch die Leistungsstrukturanalyse werden Eigenschaften identifiziert und hierarchisiert, welche die Leistung in einer spezifischen Sportart bedingen. In der Literatur gibt es Vorschläge für die dazu notwendigen Arbeitsschritte. Beispiele aus der Sportpraxis zeigen jedoch, dass diese nicht immer wie geplant umgesetzt werden können. In dem vorliegenden Diskussionsbeitrag beschreiben wir unser Vorgehen bei der Entwicklung eines Leistungsstrukturmodells im Sportklettern. An diesem Beispiel diskutieren wir Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des theoretisch proklamierten Vorgehens. Wir verdeutlichen die verschiedenen Entscheidungsoptionen und unterbreiten Vorschläge für ein allgemeines, praktikables Vorgehen zur zukünftigen Entwicklung von Leistungsstrukturmodellen.
mTOR pathway gene expression in association with race and clinicopathological characteristics in Black and White breast cancer patients
Authors: Ilozumba Mmadili N. , Yao Song , Llanos Adana A. M. , Omilian Angela R. , Zhang Weizhou , Datta Susmita , Hong Chi-Chen , Davis Warren , Khoury Thaer , Bandera Elisa V. , Higgins Michael , Ambrosone Christine B. , Cheng Ting-Yuan David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAberrant activation of the mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has been linked to obesity and endocrine therapy resistance, factors that may contribute to Black-White disparities in breast cancer outcomes. We evaluated associations of race and clinicopathological characteristics with mRNA expression of key mTOR pathway genes in breast tumors.MethodsSurgical tumor tissue blocks were collected from 367 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients (190 Black and 177 White). Gene expression ofAKT1,EIF4EBP1,MTOR,RPS6KB2, andTSC1were quantified by NanoString nCounter. Differential gene expression was assessed using linear regression on log2-transformed values. Gene expression and DNA methylation data from TCGA were used for validation and investigation of race-related differences.ResultsCompared to White women, Black women had relative under-expression ofAKT1(log2 fold-change = − 0.31, 95% CI − 0.44, − 0.18) andRPS6KB2(log2 fold-change =− 0.11, 95% CI − 0.19, − 0.03). Higher vs. lower tumor grade was associated with relative over-expression ofEIF4EBP1andRPS6KB2, but with lower expression ofTSC1. Compared to luminal tumors, triple-negative tumors had relative under-expression ofTSC1(log2 fold-change = − 0.42, 95% CI − 0.22, − 0.01). The results were similar in the TCGA breast cancer dataset. Post-hoc analyses identified differential CpG methylation within theAKT1andRPS6KB2locus between Black and White women.ConclusionsOver-expression ofRPS6KB2andEIF4EBP1and under-expression ofTSC1might be indicators of more aggressive breast cancer phenotypes. Differential expression ofAKT1andRPS6KB2by race warrants further investigation to elucidate their roles in racial disparities of treatment resistance and outcomes between Black and White women with breast cancer.
Flows and budgets of nutrients and potentially toxic elements on four Swedish organic farms using digestate from agricultural residues
Authors: Salomon Eva , Tidåker Pernilla , Bergström Nilsson Sara 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFew fertilizers are permitted for organic farming, which is a challenge when securing nutrient availability, particularly of nitrogen (N). Digestate from biogas production could be a valuable fertilizer for increasing crop yields, through its high content of plant-available nitrogen (NH4-N), but is rarely used in practice. This study evaluated how anaerobic digestion of manure and use of digestate affected inflows and outflows of nutrients and potentially toxic elements on four organic farms with different solutions for digestate production. Mass flows and element concentrations were documented 3 years on three dairy farms and one crop farm and used for calculating farm budgets. Nitrogen and phosphorus (P) budgets were also calculated for biogas reactor and storage pits on three farms. Nitrogen surplus exhibited large variation (18–87 kg N ha−1 year−1) at farm level, with purchased digestate or poultry manure giving major N inputs. The risk of process losses was high, with up to 40% of N and P in feedstock entering farm biogas reactors not recovered in digestate. The proportion of NH4-N in total N in digestate was slightly higher (2–9%) or lower (37%) than in feedstocks entering farm biogas reactors. Improved stirring in farm biogas reactors and storage pits to decrease N and P sedimentation, particularly when digesting poultry manure, would directly increase digestate value. Two farms purchasing digestate from central biogas plants received a digestate causing significant cadmium inputs. Keeping records on element flows can help to tailor the use of digestate for organic farms to achieve a sustainable use of nutrients.
Adsorption mechanism of Cd(II) by calcium-modified lignite-derived humin in aqueous solutions
Authors: Wang Ping , Huang Zhanbin , Fu Zhanyong , Zhao Peng , Feng Zeshen , Wang Yao , Li Fangze 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Lignite-derived humin (CHM) was extracted from raw coal in Heihe City, China, producing calcium-modified lignite-derived humin (Ca-CHM) by Ca(OH)2. The physical and chemical performances of CHM and Ca-CHM were analyzed with SEM, 13C spectra and XPS techniques. The results show that Ca-CHM exhibited weaker aliphatic, more aromatic polar compared with CHM, which improves the adsorption capacity for Cd(II). XPS analysis indicates that Ca(II) has been loaded onto Ca-CHM successfully after modification. This batch adsorption experiments report the adsorption performance of CHM and Ca-CHM for Cd(II). The adsorption process of CHM and Ca-CHM for Cd(II) conform to pseudo-second-order model, which is chemical adsorption, and the adsorption data presented good fits to the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption amount (Qm) of Cd(II) onto CHM and Ca-CHM by the Langmuir model is 15.29 mg/g and 41.84 mg/g, respectively. Based on the results of SEM, 13C spectra, and XPS analysis, we concluded that the main adsorption mechanism of Ca-CHM on Cd(II) was ion exchange of Cd(II) for Ca(II), static-adsorbed and surface complexation. Therefore, Ca(II) can be loaded on the surface of Ca-CHM by chemical modification, improving the adsorption capacity of materials in aqueous solutions.

Graphical abstract
DMPFIT: A Tool for Atomic-Scale Metrology via Nonlinear Least-Squares Fitting of Peaks in Atomic-Resolution TEM Images
Authors: Du Hongchu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite the wide availability and usage of Gatan’s DigitalMicrograph software in the electron microscopy community for image recording and analysis, nonlinear least-squares fitting in DigitalMicrograph is less straightforward. This work presents a ready-to-use tool, the DMPFIT software package, written in DigitalMicrograph script and C++ language, for nonlinear least-squares fitting of the intensity distribution of atomic columns in atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images with a general two-dimensional (2D) Gaussian model. Applications of the DMPFIT software are demonstrated both in atomic-resolution conventional coherent TEM (CTEM) images recorded by the negative spherical aberration imaging technique and in high angle annular dark field (HAADF) scanning TEM (STEM) images. The implemented peak-finding algorithm based on the periodicity of 2D lattices enables reliable and convenient atomic-scale metrology as well as intuitive presentation of the resolved atomic structures.
Extending Microsoft excel and Hansen solubility parameters relationship to double Hansen’s sphere calculation
Authors: de los Ríos Manuel Díaz , Belmonte Rubén Murcia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Previous studies have shown the feasibility of using the Microsoft Excel "Solver" add-in to determine the Hansen solubility parameters and the radius of the Hansen sphere. Compounds such as di-block copolymer or ionic liquids are best represented by a Hansen double sphere, calculated with the HSPiP software; the development of other tools for evaluating this type of case is not reported in the literature. This communication provides the steps for the determination of a Hansen double sphere with the help of an evolutionary algorithm of Microsoft Excel, validated with, five study cases reported in the literature, with the HSPiP software itself. Other improvements for Microsoft Excel 365 version are also described.

Article Highlights

The workbook updated and posted in Hansen Web page is a useful tool available to the research community interesting in Hansen solubility parameters experimental determination and fit either single and double Hansen’ sphere. In some cases, sphere radius is better reduced than with the use of HSPiP.

The "Chemicals” sheet has been included with more than 1200 Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSPs) of solvents and compounds.

The worksheet named “HSP Solvents Blends and Chi” has been updated with more functionalities, while the worksheet named “Find a Similar Substance” allows the user to search the entire database to find HSPs of compounds that match the constraints declared. Two-dimensional graphics of the HSPs is also available
Evaluation of Regression Rate Enhancing Concepts and Techniques for Hybrid Rocket Engines
Authors: Glaser Christopher , Hijlkema Jouke , Anthoine Jérôme 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe low regression rate of Hybrid Rocket Engines (HREs) is one prominent characteristic that is addressed in most abstracts concerning hybrid propulsion. Over the years, researchers developed and investigated numerous ways to tackle the low regression rate problem of HREs. This article is a collection and assessment of these diverse methods and designs. It allows for a quick overview of the different mechanisms that are being employed and can serve both as information and inspiration. The enhancement ideas are grouped together as (a) adjustments to the solid fuel chemical properties, (b) advanced injection methods and concepts and (c) improving the combustion chamber design. These different techniques are discussed and their individual impact on the regression rate is assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. All methods that are presented come with a different set of advantages and disadvantages, making the regression rate enhancement a trade-off problem. In our view, the most promising designs and methods are those that only call for minor adjustments to the HRE design, as they can be also added to already existing engines. Above all, it is to be said that regression rate enhancing techniques that change the unique features of HREs (namely safety, simplicity and low cost) are to be employed with caution. Only if the achievable regression rate increase is justifying the implications for the HRE in the envisioned use-case, these concepts represent promising alternatives to the status quo.
Drama pedagogy: subverting and remaking learning in the thirdspace
Authors: Dutton Janet , Rushton Kathy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis qualitative, ethnographic research highlights how drama pedagogy using translanguaging-based Readers Theatre supports students learning English as an Additional Language or Dialect (EAL/D) to develop knowledge of language central to their engagement with learning (Authors, 2020). Using socio-spatial theory of Lefebvre (1991) and Soja (Annals of the Association of American Geographers70:207–225, 1980), we argue that drama pedagogy can shape a creative translanguaging space as reported by Li (Journal of Pragmatics43:1222–1235, 2011) in which the high-stakes test based pressure to narrow curriculum and pedagogical breadth can be resisted, and classroom spaces remade so that literacy learning is identity-affirming and caters for the diverse needs of students.
SELECTING BIVARIATE COPULA MODELS USING IMAGE RECOGNITION
Authors: Tsanakas Andreas , Zhu Rui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe choice of a copula model from limited data is a hard but important task. Motivated by the visual patterns that different copula models produce in smoothed density heatmaps, we consider copula model selection as an image recognition problem. We extract image features from heatmaps using the pre-trained AlexNet and present workflows for model selection that combine image features with statistical information. We employ dimension reduction via Principal Component and Linear Discriminant Analyses and use a Support Vector Machine classifier. Simulation studies show that the use of image data improves the accuracy of the copula model selection task, particularly in scenarios where sample sizes and correlations are low. This finding indicates that transfer learning can support statistical procedures of model selection. We demonstrate application of the proposed approach to the joint modelling of weekly returns of the MSCI and RISX indices.
‘Citadels of spiritual resistance’: the Italian schools in Scotland, 1924–1940
Authors: Petrocelli Remigio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on Italian schools in Scotland during the Fascist ventennio. The Italian-Scottish case study will be helpful to understand one of the principal means, the schools, that the Fascist regime used from the early 1920s in order to preserve the Italian identity of second-generation Italians. From the first half of the 1930s, the schools also became one of the key channels for spreading Fascist ideology and propaganda. Nevertheless, in Scotland, the schools also had a social significance, as Italians began to gather and socialise through them as a community. Accordingly, the foundations and educational, social and political roles of the schools will be examined. The article offers an insight into a topic neglected by Italian and British scholars, despite the second biggest Italian diasporic community in Britain residing in interwar Glasgow.
School Closure Decisions in Alberta and Ontario during COVID-19: Discourse and Data
Authors: Boothe Katherine , Fiorillo Nicole , Just Danielle , Alvarez Elizabeth , Davidson Adrienne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant disruptions in Canada's public school system as provincial and territorial governments have enacted sudden and prolonged school closures. We compare the different school closure decisions in Alberta and Ontario during spring 2021, using official public briefings and publicly available data about rates of COVID-19 cases. We ask if provincial policy decisions can be explained by different epidemiological contexts and risks. We find that key epidemiological indicators such as the rate of cases were not directly linked to school closure decisions. This is important for policy makers and experts: it problematizes the assumption of a straight line between evidence and decisions and has implications for transparency and public trust in pandemic policy choices. A systematic description of the gap between evidence and policy is an important starting point for asking, What does drive decisions to close schools?
Between authority and (in)authenticity: How literary canons shaped jus gentium
Authors: Iurlaro Francesca 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this article, I will show how literary imitation qualifies as a specific mode of transmission of jus gentium texts and ideas. Focusing on this specific angle allows us to see how Gentili and Grotius were not just literary erudites, using poetic references to craft their own international legal arguments; they professionalized the use of literary canons in such a way that they became constitutive of jus gentium as a discipline. Canonical references were transmitted through marginalia, the printed annotations we find abundantly in the margins of their texts, and that constituted for at least two centuries the argumentative structure of how jus gentium was written. Thus, a parallel legal history unfolds between the lines of marginalia, a story made of textual interpretations, omissions, and intentional interpolations. I will offer a concrete example of this textual machinery at play, namely Gentili’s and Grotius’ discussion of the same passage from Virgil’s Aeneid. The passage in question, known by literary historians as the ‘Helen episode’, is a case of contested Virgilian authority. The ‘Helen episode’, regardless of its textual reliability, is used by Gentili and Grotius to make a specific claim: that women cannot legally qualify as enemies under the law of nations. Such a story is particularly revealing, as it allows us to acknowledge the jurisgenetic role of literary canons, as well as their powerful role in the production of arguments of order that became constitutive of international law.
Kantian Remorse with and without Self-Retribution
Authors: Vilhauer Benjamin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractKant’s account of the pain of remorse involves a hybrid justification based on self-retribution, but constrained by forward-looking principles which say we must channel remorse into improvement and moderate its pain to avoid damaging our rational agency. Kant’s corpus also offers material for a revisionist but textually grounded alternative account based on wrongdoers’ sympathy for the pain they cause. This account is based on the value of care, and has forward-looking constraints much like Kant’s own account. Drawing on Kant’s texts and recent work in empirical psychology, I argue that sympathetic remorse may fulfil Kant’s forward-looking goals better than self-retributive remorse.