bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical observations about a possible new portion of the Aqua Iulia Roman aqueduct in the municipality of Ciampino (Italy).
Authors: Blanco D , Alessandri L , Alimonti C , Baiocchi V , Sebastiani Del Grande P , Serio G 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
An intersection of two roman glareatae roads and an underground stretch of a Roman aqueduct (rivus subterraneus) were found in the locality of Colle Oliva, during an emergency archaeological investigation (between 11/2018 and 3/2019). The aqueduct has been detected in several test trenches and some profiles have been obtained. These data shade some light about the Roman hydraulic technology and they show how the land morphology affected the shape and the path of the aqueduct.
Integrated Survey and 3D Processing on Enea CRESCO Platform: the Case Study of San Nicola in Carcere in Rome
Authors: Puccini Marco , Camassa Antonio , Mongelli Maria Luisa , Pierattini Samuele , Migliori Silvio , Canciani Marco , Spadafora Giovanna , Saccone Mauro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper shows the experimental activities carried out by a joint research group on the case study of the Basilica di San Nicola in Carcere in Rome, concerning the integration of different 3D reconstruction technologies in the Cultural Heritage domain. Dataset obtained from laser scanner and photogrammetry, were processed on a remote platform based on the powerful ENEA computational infrastructure, in order to analyse the dense clouds, to compare them and to improve the quality of the data. This paper also shows the efforts to upgrade this platform and the optimisation of the processes.
Analysis of twelve wooden spear throwers covered with gilded copper from the Moche tomb of the Lady of Cao
Authors: Cesareo Roberto , Angel Bustamante D , Régulo Franco J , Arabel Fernández L 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Twelve spear throwers from the tomb of the “Lady of Cao” were analyzed with a portable equipment which uses energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). The pre-Columbian tomb of the Lady of Cao is located about 50 km north of Trujillo, in the north of Peru, and is dated around 350 A.D. The spear throwers are on gilded copper over a wood cylindrical structure. All analyzed spears have a similar gilding, and four of them have also additional much smaller gilding rings covering the wood structure. These rings are clearer and contain more silver, in three cases about the double, in one case about five times the silver of “normal” gilding. There were two problems to solve: the first one is related to the composition of the gildings, the second one is related to the determination of their thickness. The last problem, which is much critical, was solved using a new method based on the different attenuation of fluorescent X-rays by the gildings.
Analysis of the famous Moche head “Cabeza de Mono Dorada”
Authors: Cesareo Roberto , Angel Bustamante D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
On December 8, 2011, a famous Moche monkey head on gold was returned from USA to the government of Peru, because illegally exported many years before. Since 2012 the monkey head was kept at the Ministry of Culture, which is located in the same building as the National Museum in Lima, waiting for final destination. The small monkey head size is approximately 4.5 cm high and 7 cm diameter. It weighs 49 g. On February 2018 the artefact was non-destructively analyzed using a portable device for energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence. The analyses showed that the monkey head is homogeneous, with following mean composition: Au = (77.5 ±2)%, Ag= (19 ±1.5)%, Cu = (3.5 ±1)%. This composition is consistent with the hypothesis that the artefact is of Moche origin.
Quantitative GIS-based analysis of archaeological data of the archaic state of Tell Mardikh/Ebla (3rd millennium BC): the Big-DEA project.
Authors: Peyronel Luca , Mandanici Emanuele , Mantellini Simone , Vacca Agnese , Bitelli Gabriele 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The paper provides an overview on Big-DEA, a multidisciplinary project aimed at developing a comprehensive multi-level explanatory model for the development of an archaic State in the ancient Near East, using the exceptional case of Tell Mardikh, ancient Ebla (Syria), during the second half of the 3rd millennium. The project’s goal is the reconstruction of the archaic state organization through an integrated analysis of archaeological and epigraphic data. The interaction between humanities and hard sciences is adopted in order to build a multi-tier explanatory model regarding the territory under the control of the Ebla kingdom, considering anthropic and environmental data deriving from excavations, survey and textual sources. The way to managing and study such a large Big Data archive, which includes different datasets, is itself the main challenge of the project: the creation of a dedicated relational database management system (RDBMS) functional to the implementation of the available GIS platform and the development of an appropriate simulation framework.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles doped activated carbon for Rhodamine B dye adsorption
Authors: Mohd Mokhtar M A , Ali R R , Mohamed Isa E D , Tarmizi Z I , Zhe J C , Kasmani R M , Mohd Yunos D D 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Application of dye is one of the major industry with various application from everyday attire to food colouring. However, dye pollution is serious and threatening issue that need to be address to avoid harmful effect towards humans, animals and environments. In this study, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were synthesised via Clitoria Ternatea (CT) flower extract and doped with activated carbon (Ag NPs/AC) to act as adsorbent in removing rhodamine B dye (RB). CT Flower mediated green synthesis for Ag NPs provide safe, low cost and sustainable method compared to conventional chemical and physical synthesis. UV-visible spectroscopy was used to analyse the green synthesis for the formation of Ag NPs with peak absorbance at 400 nm. The effect of activated carbon (AC) mass loading, contact time and adsorbent dosage were analysed to study the adsorption capacity of Ag NPs/AC with viable condition of 0.75 g AC mass and 30 mg dosage with complete removal at 90 minutes. Hence, incorporation of Ag NPs with AC contributes to better adsorption properties for the removal of RB dye.
Optimization of Algae Residues Gasification: Experimental and Theoretical Approaches
Authors: Atikah M.S.N. , Taufiq Yap Y.H. , Ilyas R.A. , Harun Razif 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Gasification is one of the thermochemical pathways of biomass conversion that produces synthesis gas, tar, and char. This study aims to convert algal residues via gasification at different operating conditions; temperature, equivalence ratio, and biomass loading. The study was carried out in 3 steps; (1) testing the outcomes of temperature and loading effects on synthesis gas yield, (2) experimental optimization of gasification via Design Expert, and (3) theoretical optimization of gasification via Aspen Plus simulation. Temperature and equivalence ratio highly influenced synthesis gas composition, while loading demonstrated less effect on the synthesis gas composition. The experimental and simulated gasification outcomes were compared to obtain optimized conditions that produce high H2 and CO yields. The data were validated using root mean square error. The optimized temperature, loading, and equivalence ratio were found for both algal residues that produced 36.38 and 13.28mol% of H2 and CO, respectively for lipid extracted algae (LEA) and 47.99 and 26.05mol% of H2 and CO, respectively for fucoidan extracted seaweeds (FEA). There was a considerable variation between experimental and simulated data due to the simulation and experimental limitations. The average Carbon Conversion Efficiency values were 66.36 and 80.42% for LEA and FES, respectively, denoting that LEA produced less carbon-containing products, while FES produced more carbon-containing products. In conclusion, LEA gasification yielded more H2 while FEA produced more CO.
Application of regenerated spent bleaching earth as an adsorbent for the carbon dioxide adsorption by gravimetric sorption system
Authors: Phey Melissa Low Phey , Abdullah Tuan Amran Tuan , Ahmad Arshad , Ali Umi Fazara Md 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The atmospheric level of carbon dioxide (CO2) is indicated to be alarming which in turn has contributed to the worldwide environmental issue such as global warming. The goal of this project was to study the adsorption of CO2 onto regenerated spent bleaching earth (RSBE). Spent bleaching earth (SBE) can be a good adsorbent but it has the weakness in surface area due to the organic impurities left in the pores after being generated from the edible oil processing. Thus, the regeneration processes of SBE by (a) direct heat treatment, and (b) heat treatment followed by nitric acid treatment were studied to enhance the surface area, thus increasing the CO2 adsorption capacity. The SBE were calcined at four temperatures of 400, 500, 650 and 800 °C in the regeneration process. The surface properties of RSBE were characterized using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The CO2 adsorption capacity on RSBE produced by heat treatment followed by nitric acid treatment was shown to be more effective than RSBE produced by direct heat treatment. RSBE_500_HNO3 offered highest surface area (192.81 m2/g) and give highest CO2 adsorption capacity of 86.67 mg CO2/g. In comparison to the low pressure condition, the high pressure CO2 adsorption values recorded for both RSBE were significantly better.
Effect of amine head group imparted to poly (glycidyl methacrylate) grafted fibrous adsorbent for CO2 adsorption
Authors: Mohamad Noor Ashikin , Nasef Mohamed Mahmoud 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The demand to develop adsorbents for CO2 capture with high performance continued to grow extensively. Adsorbents with covalently bonded amine groups based on fibrous substrate modified by radiation-induced grafting copolymerization (RIGC) of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and amination treatment have emerged recently. In this study, GMA was grafted onto a polyethylene/polypropylene (PE/PP) fibrous sheet and the grafted intermediate was used to incorporate two different amine-containing agents, namely polyethyleneimine (PEI) and ethylenediamine (EDA) for CO2 adsorption. The chemical structural and morphological changes in the two aminated adsorbents were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. A low and equal amination level of 20% was achieved in PEI-containing and EDA-containing adsorbents. The CO2 adsorption from a binary mixture of CO2/N2 (40:60 v/v) was not satisfactory despite a 30% higher adsorption capacity (50.44 mg/g) demonstrated by EDA-containing adsorbent compared to 34.51 mg/g for PEI-containing counterpart at 30 bar and at room temperature. More work is needed to elevate the CO2 adsorption capacity levels in such adsorbents by increasing the amination level via optimization of reaction parameters.
Production and characterization of biodiesel from canola oil through enzymatic transesterification
Authors: Shamsudin M.I. , Tan L S , Tsuji T , Kiew P L 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Biodiesel, a promising type of biofuel, can be produced from various types of renewable feedstocks, ranging from animal fats to plant oil. It is mainly made up of fatty acid alkyl ester compounds due to the transesterification reaction. This work aims to synthesize and characterize biodiesel, known as fatty acid methyl esters, from canola oil using an enzymatic reaction involving immobilized Novozym 435 and Rhizomucor miehei (RM IM) lipase enzymes.4 g of canola oil was added to the reaction mixture consisting of 0.2 g immobilized lipase and 3:1 methanol to oil ratio. First, the enzymatic methanolysis reaction was conducted at the temperature of 35°C and at agitation rate of 216 rpm for 24 hours. Next, the synthesized biodiesel was characterized using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis. Based on the analysis results, the main fatty acid methyl esters present in both products were hexadecanoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid (z)-, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, (z, z, z)-, and 11,14-eicosadienoic acid. The transesterification of canola oil using both enzymes consistently revealed methyl oleate as the methyl ester with the highest composition, ranging from 67 to 71 %. In conclusion, canola oil was successfully converted into fatty acid methyl ester via the enzymatic transesterification process in this study.
Enhancement of carbon dioxide adsorption performances by hydrazinolysis of poly(n-vinylformamide) grafted fibrous adsorbent
Authors: Zubair N A , Nasef M M , Abdullah E C , Ahmad A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) becomes a main concern in battling issues of global warming. The strategy to reduce the concentration of CO2 could be achieved by implementing carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology such as adsorption by solid adsorbents. In this work, hydrazone containing adsorbent was prepared by radiation induced grafting of N-vinylformamide (NVF) onto polyethylene coated polypropylene (PE/PP) fibrous sheets and subsequent hydrazinolysis for CO2 capture. Hydrazinolysis of the amide group to hydrazone moieties was accelerated by the addition of ammonium salts. These newly prepared adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The adsorption tests of pure CO2 and N2, and their mixture were carried using the gravimetric method. The result revealed that the obtained adsorbent was highly CO2 selective and attained remarkably higher CO2 sorption capacity of 3.1 mmol/g at 30 bar and room temperature compared to 0.3 mmol/g for amide-containing sample. The new adsorbent could be used for few repeated cycles with negligible loss in sorption capacity. Overall, the hydrazone-containing adsorbent has storing potential for CO2 capture, and more studies need to be conducted for further development.
Study of solution diversity in multi-objective optimization of storage ring lattice
Authors: Xu J. , Tan J. , Liu G. , Bai Z. , Wang L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Evolutionary algorithms, including multi-objective genetic
algorithm (MOGA) and multi-objective particle swarm optimization
(MOPSO), have been widely used for storage ring lattice designs,
showing good performance in searching the optimal objective function
values (i.e. Pareto front). Mathematically, different variable
values can have the same objective function value, which is called
many-to-one mapping. Different from focusing on the convergence of
Pareto front, in this paper we study the diversity of variables in
the optimization of storage ring lattice and make a comparison
between MOGA and MOPSO. Two different lattices are taken as study
examples. The study shows that the lattice solutions with almost the
same objectives and different variables can show difference in some
storage ring properties, which is beneficial for lattice selection.
Besides, compared to MOPSO, MOGA gives a wider distribution of
optimal lattice solutions in the variable space, though both
algorithms can obtain almost the same Pareto front.
A facility for radiation hardness studies based on a medical cyclotron
Authors: Anders J. , Braccini S. , Carzaniga T.S. , Casolaro P. , Chatterjee M. , Dellepiane G. , Franconi L. , Halser L. , Ilg A. , Mateu I. , Meloni F. , Merlassino C. , Miucci A. , Müller R. , Rimoldi M. , Weber M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The development of instrumentation for operation in
high-radiation environments represents a challenge in various
research fields, particularly in particle physics experiments and
space missions, and drives an ever-increasing demand for irradiation
facilities dedicated to radiation hardness studies. Depending on the
application, different needs arise in terms of particle type, energy
and dose rate. In this article, we present a versatile installation
based on a medical cyclotron located at the Bern University Hospital
(Inselspital), which is used as a controlled 18-MeV proton
source. This accelerator is used for daily production of medical
radioisotopes, as well as for multidisciplinary research, thanks to
a 6.5-meter long beam transfer line that terminates in an
independent bunker, dedicated only to scientific activities. The
facility offers a wide range of proton fluxes, due to an adjustable
beam current from approximately 10 pA to the micro-ampere range,
together with a series of steering and focusing magnets along the
beamline that allow for the beam spot to be focused down to a few
mm^2. The beamline can be instrumented with a variety of beam
monitoring detectors, collimators, and beam current measurement
devices to precisely control the irradiation conditions. The
facility also hosts a well equipped laboratory dedicated to the
characterisation of samples after irradiation. An experimental
validation of the irradiation setup, with proton fluxes ranging from
5×10^9 cm^-2s^-1 to
4×10^11 cm^-2s^-1, is reported.
Gel dressing based on type I collagen modified with oligourethane and silica for skin wound healing
Authors: Muñoz-González Pedro U , Lona-Ramos María C , Gutiérrez-Verdín Luis D , Luévano-Colmenero Guadalupe H , Tenorio-Rocha Fernando , García-Contreras René , González-García Gerardo , Rosillo-de la Torre Argelia , Delgado Jorge , Castellano Laura E , Mendoza-Novelo Birzabith 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is a complex process that leads the skin reparation with the formation of scar tissue that typically lacks skin appendages. This fact drives us to find new strategies to improve regenerative healing of the skin. This study outlines, the contribution of colloidal silica particles and oligourethane crosslinking on the collagen material properties and the effect on skin wound healing in rats. We characterized the gel properties that are key for in-situ gelation, which is accomplished by the latent reactivity of oligourethane bearing blocked isocyanate groups to crosslink collagen while entrapping silica particles. The swelling/degradation behavior and the elastic modulus of the composite gel were consistent with the modification of collagen type I with oligourethane and silica. On the other hand, these gels were characterized as scaffold for murine macrophages and human stem cells. The application of a composite gel dressing on cutaneous wounds showed a histological appearance of the recovered skin as intact skin; featured by the epidermis, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, subcutaneous adipose layer, and dermis. The results suggest that the collagen-based composite dressings are promising modulators in skin wound healing to achieve a regenerative skin closure with satisfactory functional and aesthetic scars.
Priority areas for mixed-species mangrove restoration: the suitable species in the right sites
Authors: Su Jie , Yin Bingchao , Chen Luzhen , Gasparatos Alexandros 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The rapid mangrove loss and fragmentation observed in the past decades have catalyzed numerous efforts to restore mangroves globally, but nearly half of these efforts fail or underperform. Planting the wrong mangrove species on the wrong site, and overrelying on mangrove monocultures are the main mistakes. Here, we develop a methodological approach that combines a Geographic Information System-based suitability analysis and landscape connectivity analysis to identify suitable areas for species-specific and mixed-species mangrove restoration, and priority areas in terms of patch importance. We apply this approach to the Large Xiamen Bay in southeast China. Results from the case study emphasize the critical need of considering species-specific characteristics in mangrove restoration planning and the spatial heterogeneity of priority areas for mixed-species restoration. We find that mangrove restoration could indeed increase landscape connectivity of mangrove habitats. Larger patches would have more significant effects on habitat connectivity, and several small patches could be considered as stepping stones to promote landscape-level connectivity. The proposed approach has various implications for mangrove restoration efforts both at the study site and in other parts of the world.
Global review of human waste-picking and its contribution to poverty alleviation and a circular economy
Authors: Morais Jandira , Corder Glen , Golev Artem , Lawson Lynda , Ali Saleem 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Across the globe, the livelihood of millions of people relies on the recovery and sale of valuable materials previously discarded as waste. In developed countries, this is mainly incorporated into the official recycling and resources recovery sector, while in developing countries the informal waste picking activities often make a major contribution. Waste picking provides important opportunities to people who have few or no marketable skills and education and no alternative sources of income to survive. However, waste pickers’ living conditions remain deplorable, and their working conditions continue to be dangerous due to hazardous waste. Given the social, economic, and environmental benefits waste pickers bring, and particularly their contribution to circular economy goals in developing nations, the role of waste pickers has mostly been undervalued on the development agenda. This paper examines the literature on waste pickers around the world, their working and living conditions, and explores the issue of formalisation. A total of 45 papers published from 1994 to 2022 were reviewed, covering case studies on waste pickers from 27 different countries. We analyse the content of these papers based on a list of key themes: poverty, health, stigma, environmental factors, informality, and formalisation. We find that the informal status of waste pickers, and the question of them being formalised into a Municipal Solid Waste Management sector is discussed extensively in the literature, and we delve deeper into this theme. Formalisation can potentially bring considerable improvement to the lives of waste pickers, including legal recognition, safe working conditions and fair bargaining mechanisms. In practice however, we find that formalisation policies take significantly different forms from one country to another and often fail to provide these benefits.
Characterization of anomalous diffusion in one-dimensional quantum walks
Authors: Hegde Abhaya S , Chandrashekar C M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Quantum walks are known to propagate quadratically faster than their classical counterparts and are used to model dynamics in various quantum systems. The spread of the quantum walk in position space shows anomalous diffusion behavior. By controlling the action of quantum coin operation on the corresponding coin degree of freedom of the walker, one can demonstrate control over the diffusion behavior. In this work, we report different forms of coin operations on quantum walks exhibiting anomalous diffusion behavior. Homogeneous and accelerated quantum walks display superdiffusive behavior, whereas uncorrelated static and dynamic disorders in the evolution induce strong and weak localization of the particle indicating subdiffusive and normal diffusive behavior. The role played by the interference effects in the spreading of the walker has remained elusive and our aim in this work is to present the interplay between quantum coherence and mean squared displacement of the walker. We employ two reliable measures of coherence for conclusively establishing the role of quantum interference as the driving force behind the anomalous diffusive behavior in the dynamics of quantum walks.