bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differenzierte Beschreibung der Handlungsplanung von angehenden Erzieher*innen mit Blick auf die mathematische Lernunterstützung – Eine explorative Studie
Authors: Dunekacke Simone , Wittmann Gerald , Jenßen Lars 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Handlungsplanung als Teil professioneller Kompetenz kommt eine wesentliche Bedeutung bei der Überführung von Wissen in spontane Handlungen in pädagogischen Situationen zu. Obwohl Forschung die Bedeutung der Handlungsplanung für professionelles Handeln im Bereich früher mathematischer Bildung kontinuierlich betont, ist sowohl empirisch als auch inhaltlich wenig bekannt, welche Formen der mathematischen Lernunterstützung sich zeigen. Es lassen sich drei Formen unterscheiden: (1) Anleitung, (2) Begleitung und (3) Keine mathematikbezogene Lernunterstützung. Die vorliegende Studie versucht einen Beitrag zur differenzierten Beschreibung der Handlungsplanung in der frühen mathematischen Bildung zu leisten, indem Daten von n = 240 angehenden Erzieher*innen explorativ untersucht werden. Die drei zuvor theoretisch aus der Literatur zur Lernunterstützung abgeleiteten Formen ließen sich als Kategorien in den schriftlich formulierten Handlungsplanungen codieren. Darüber hinaus konnten Unterkategorien identifiziert werden, die die Handlungsplanung noch differenzierter beschreiben. Die Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund der Situationsabhängigkeit, möglicher Erklärungen für die unterschiedlichen Gestaltungen der Handlungsplanungen und praktischer Implikationen diskutiert.
Demographic Change of the Kawauchi Special Nursing Home Occupants in a Former Evacuation Area After the Nuclear Power Plant Accident: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Kobashi Yurie , Nishikawa Yoshitaka , Morita Tomohiro , Omata Fumiya , Ito Naomi , Tsubokura Masaharu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective:
This retrospective observational study aimed to look into the social demographic change of the occupants of a long-term care (LTC) facility that was constructed in 2015 as a restoration support after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident.

Methods:
The social demographic information during 2015–2021 of occupants in the Kawauchi Special Nursing Home was analyzed.

Results:
A total of 172 participants were included in the analysis. The number (proportion) of evacuees was 37 (69.8%) in 2015, then gradually decreased to 7 (31.8%) in 2018, yet increased to 21 (58.3%) in 2019. There were 121 occupants (70.4%) who were from Kawauchi Village and other municipalities of the former evacuation area.

Conclusion:
The Kawauchi Special Nursing Home initially received people who hoped to return to the former evacuation zone; however, its role changed to receive people who became in need of LTC after returning to Kawauchi Village. The construction of LTC facilities in the former evacuation area may help enhance the local LTC service where returnees are rapidly aging.
The isomorphism problem for tensor algebras of multivariable dynamical systems
Authors: Katsoulis Elias G. , Ramsey Christopher 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe resolve the isomorphism problem for tensor algebras of unital multivariable dynamical systems. Specifically, we show that unitary equivalence after a conjugation for multivariable dynamical systems is a complete invariant for complete isometric isomorphisms between their tensor algebras. In particular, this settles a conjecture of Davidson and Kakariadis,Inter. Math. Res. Not.2014(2014), 1289–1311 relating to work of Arveson,Acta Math.118(1967), 95–109 from the 1960s, and extends related work of Kakariadis and Katsoulis,J. Noncommut. Geom.8(2014), 771–787.
Prospective evaluation of data-driven models to predict daily risk of Clostridioides difficile infection at 2 large academic health centers
Authors: Kamineni Meghana , Ötleş Erkin , Oh Jeeheh , Rao Krishna , Young Vincent B. , Li Benjamin Y. , West Lauren R. , Hooper David C. , Shenoy Erica S. , Guttag John G. , Wiens Jenna , Makar Maggie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany data-driven patient risk stratification models have not been evaluated prospectively. We performed and compared the prospective and retrospective evaluations of 2 Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) risk-prediction models at 2 large academic health centers, and we discuss the models’ robustness to data-set shifts.
A eurypterid trackway from the Middle Ordovician of New York State
Authors: Braddy Simon J. , Gass Kenneth C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPalmichnium gallowayi(Sharpe, 1932) new combination from the Middle Ordovician Martinsburg Formation (proximal deltaic facies) of Rondout, near Kingston, New York State, is redescribed. It consists of opposing series of five tracks, the outer two large and pear-shaped, the inner three smaller and elliptical, arranged in a chevron converging in the direction of travel, on either side of a wide medial impression. It is attributed to a medium-sized stylonurid eurypterid using a decapodous gait, crawling onto the shoreline, traversing the intertidal zone, a behavior interpreted as part of its reproductive life cycle. This provides the earliest ichnological evidence for the ‘mass-molt-mate’ hypothesis, which proposes that eurypterids migrated en masse into nearshore environments to molt and mate.
Description ofOscheius cyrusn. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) as new entomopathogenic nematode from Iran
Authors: Kuhestani K. , Karimi J. , Shokoohi E. , Makhdoumi A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA new species of the genusOscheius,Oscheius cyrusn. sp., collected in the moist soils taken from forest heights in the north of Iran, is recorded. A comprehensive description, comprising molecular (internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 18S, and 28S rDNA genes) information, morphometrics data, light microscope and scanning electron microscope images, is supplied. The species resemblesOscheius myriophilus. However, the highest ranges for female body length, female tail, infective juvenile tail length, median bulb, absence of epiptygma and lateral field incisures number vary. The new species was distinguished fromOscheius insectivorusby the general lip region. The male was not found. Molecular analysis showed that the new species has the most similarity toO.myriophilusboth in the ITS and 18S regions. Morphological and molecular data confirmed its belonging to the Insectivora-group. Furthermore, the species ofOchrobactrum pseudogrignonensewas reported as a dominant associated bacterium of the newOscheiusspecies. Finally, the mortality of the host after seven days varied from 20% to 82.5%, depending on nematodes’ concentration.
A scalable species-based genetic algorithm for reinforcement learning problems
Authors: Seth Anirudh , Nikou Alexandros , Daoutis Marios 
Published: September 2022

AbstractReinforcement Learning (RL) methods often rely on gradient estimates to learn an optimal policy for control problems. These expensive computations result in long training times, a poor rate of convergence, and sample inefficiency when applied to real-world problems with a large state and action space. Evolutionary Computation (EC)-based techniques offer a gradient-free apparatus to train a deep neural network for RL problems. In this work, we leverage the benefits of EC and propose a novel variant of genetic algorithm called SP-GA which utilizes a species-inspired weight initialization strategy and trains a population of deep neural networks, each estimating the Q-function for the RL problem. Efficient encoding of a neural network that utilizes less memory is also proposed which provides an intuitive mechanism to apply Gaussian mutations and single-point crossover. The results on Atari 2600 games outline comparable performance with gradient-based algorithms like Deep Q-Network (DQN), Asynchronous Advantage Actor Critic (A3C), and gradient-free algorithms like Evolution Strategy (ES) and simple Genetic Algorithm (GA) while requiring far fewer hyperparameters to train. The algorithm also improved certain Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) when applied to a Remote Electrical Tilt (RET) optimization task in the telecommunication domain.
The effects of powerlines on bustards: how best to mitigate, how best to monitor?
Authors: Silva João Paulo , Marques Ana Teresa , Bernardino Joana , Allinson Tris , Andryushchenko Yuri , Dutta Sutirtha , Kessler Mimi , Martins Ricardo C. , Moreira Francisco , Pallett John , Pretorius Mattheuns D. , Scott H. Ann , Shaw Jessica M. , Collar Nigel J. 
Published: September 2022

Summary
Bustards comprise a highly threatened family of birds and, being relatively fast, heavy fliers with very limited frontal visual fields, are particularly susceptible to mortality at powerlines. These infrastructures can also displace them from immediately adjacent habitat and act as barriers, fragmenting their ranges. With geographically ever wider energy transmission and distribution grids, the powerline threat to bustards is constantly growing. Reviewing the published and unpublished literature up to January 2021, we found 2,774 records of bustard collision with powerlines, involving 14 species. Some studies associate powerline collisions with population declines. To avoid mortalities, the most effective solution is to bury the lines; otherwise they should be either routed away from bustard-frequented areas, or made redundant by local energy generation. When possible, new lines should run parallel to existing structures and wires should preferably be as low and thick as possible, with minimal conductor obstruction of vertical airspace, although it should be noted that these measures require additional testing. A review of studies finds limited evidence that ‘bird flight diverters’ (BFDs; devices fitted to wires to induce evasive action) achieve significant reductions in mortality for some bustard species. Nevertheless, dynamic BFDs are preferable to static ones as they are thought to perform more effectively. Rigorous evaluation of powerline mortalities, and effectiveness of mitigation measures, need systematic carcass surveys and bias corrections. Whenever feasible, assessments of displacement and barrier effects should be undertaken. Following best practice guidelines proposed with this review paper to monitor impacts and mitigation could help build a reliable body of evidence on best ways to prevent bustard mortality at powerlines. Research should focus on validating mitigation measures and quantifying, particularly for threatened bustards, the population effects of powerline grids at the national scale, to account for cumulative impacts on bustards and establish an equitable basis for compensation measures.
White Progress: Kant, Race and Teleology
Authors: Marwah Inder S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article examines how Kant’s conceptualizations of natural history and teleological judgement shape his understanding of human difference and race. I argue that the teleological framework encasing Kant’s racial theory implies constraints on the capacity of non-whites to make moral progress. While commentators tend to approach Kant’s racial theory in relation to his political theory, his late-life cosmopolitanism, and his treatments (or non-treatments) of colonialism, empire and slavery, the problem I focus on here is that race is itself only intelligible in relation to a teleological natural history limiting certain races’ capacities to engage in humanity’s moral vocation.
GROUPS ACTING ON TREES WITH PRESCRIBED LOCAL ACTION
Authors: TORNIER STEPHAN 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe extend the Burger–Mozes theory of closed, nondiscrete, locally quasiprimitive automorphism groups of locally finite, connected graphs to the semiprimitive case, and develop a generalization of Burger–Mozes universal groups acting on the regular tree
$T_{d}$
of degree
$d\in \mathbb {N}_{\ge 3}$
. Three applications are given. First, we characterize the automorphism types that the quasicentre of a nondiscrete subgroup of
$\operatorname {\mathrm {Aut}}(T_{d})$
may feature in terms of the group’s local action. In doing so, we explicitly construct closed, nondiscrete, compactly generated subgroups of
$\operatorname {\mathrm {Aut}}(T_{d})$
with nontrivial quasicentre, and see that the Burger–Mozes theory does not extend further to the transitive case. We then characterize the
$(P_{k})$
-closures of locally transitive subgroups of
$\operatorname {\mathrm {Aut}}(T_{d})$
containing an involutive inversion, and thereby partially answer two questions by Banks et al. [‘Simple groups of automorphisms of trees determined by their actions on finite subtrees’, J. Group Theory18(2) (2015), 235–261]. Finally, we offer a new view on the Weiss conjecture.
Analysis of inequality in the distribution of general practitioners in China: evidence from 2012 to 2018
Authors: Yang Le , Cheng Jingmin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAim:This paper aims to analyze the inequalities in general practitioner (GP) distribution in China.Background:GPs-based primary health care (PHC) has been implemented from 2011 in China, aiming to improve the accessibility and quality of basic medical and healthcare services. GPs in China, as the gatekeeper of people’s health, mainly undertake integrated health services at the grass-roots level.Methods:The number of GPs and inequality in GPs distribution from 2012 to 2018 was analyzed by the Lorenz Curve/Gini coefficient and Theil L index. Data were extracted fromChina Health Statistical Yearbook 2013–2019.Findings:The demographic Gini coefficient of GPs changed from 2012 (0.234) to 2018 (0.167), showing high equality in China. In contrast, the Thiel L index from 2012 (0.372) to 2018 (0.345) showed less equality. The decomposition of Thiel L index implicated the inequalities within the divisions. The number of GPs in China shows a fast growth trend since the general practice system established, and the GPs distribution becomes more demographically equitable. However, the shortage of GPs and inequality in their distribution remains severe. More incentive and supportive policies need to be made to enhance the quantity, quality, and structure of GPs in China.
A Framework for Mechanistic Flood Inundation Forecasting at the Metropolitan Scale
Authors: Schubert Jochen E. , Luke Adam , AghaKouchak Amir , Sanders Brett F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUrban flooding from extreme precipitation and storm surge is a growing threat to cities, and detailed forecasts of urban inundation are needed for emergency response. We present a mechanistic framework to simulate flood inundation over metropolitan‐wide areas at fine resolution (3 m). A dual‐grid shallow‐water model is used to overcome computational bottlenecks, and an application to Hurricane Harvey focused on pluvial flooding provides a multi‐dimensional assessment of predictive skill. A hindcast model is shown to simulate peak stage across 41 stream gages with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.63 m, and hourly stage levels over a 5‐day period with a median MAE and Nash‐Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) of 0.74 m and 0.55, respectively. Peak flood level across 228 high water marks (HWMs) were captured with an MAE of 0.69 m. A forecast model forced by Quantitative Precipitation Forecast data is shown to be only marginally less accurate than the hindcast model. Peak stage is simulated with an MAE of 0.86 m, hourly stage is captured with a median MAE and NSE of 0.90 m and 0.41, respectively, and HWMs are captured with an MAE of 0.77 m. The forecast system also achieves hit rates of 90% and 73% predicting distress calls and FEMA damage claims, respectively, based on simulated flood depth. These results demonstrate the potential to operationally forecast pluvial flood inundation in the U.S. with the timeliness and accuracy needed for early warning, and we also highlight future research needs.
Radial and Local Time Variations in the Thickness of Jupiter's Magnetospheric Current Sheet
Authors: Khurana K. K. , Leinweber H. K. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Paranicas C. P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe magnetic field observations from the Galileo, Ulysses, Voyager 1 and 2, and Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft are analyzed to understand the structures and thickness of the Jovian magnetospheric current sheet. Using a new technique that can determine the motion of the spacecraft relative to the current sheet, we have built the first global map of the thickness of the Jovian magnetospheric current sheet. We show that the current sheet thickness in Jupiter's magnetosphere is not equal everywhere but changes systematically with both radial distance and local time. The extremely thin dawnside current sheet appears to be linked to the stresses imposed by the solar wind on the open magnetic flux housed in the lobes of the magnetosphere in that sector. We also show evidence of a mostly closed magnetosphere in the dusk sector. We show that the current sheet thickness asymmetries likely arise from a field and plasma convection system set up by the reconnection of the interplanetary magnetic field with that of Jupiter.
Comparison of Energetic Electron Fluxes Measured by GPS and THEMIS Spacecraft in the Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Curtis Reed , Artemyev Anton V. , Vainchtein Dmitri L. , Kellerman Adam , Morley Steven K. , Angelopoulos Vassilis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractKey elements of space weather models are energetic electron fluxes in the inner magnetosphere and the outer radiation belt. Flux depletion is driven by various loss processes: scattering into atmosphere, magnetopause shadowing. Flux enhancement is driven by various acceleration processes: local wave‐particle interactions, radial transport, plasma sheet injections. Many of these processes operate on ∼ hour timescales. Such mesoscale flux variations are not well traced by equatorial spacecraft with much longer orbits. Energetic electron detectors onboard the Global Positioning System (GPS) constellation provide a unique opportunity for probing such ∼ hour‐scale flux variations. Measurements from up to 23 identically instrumented GPS satellites cover a wide energy and L‐shell range with a subhour time resolution. However, their orbits are inclined and thus all measurements at L‐shell >4.3 are off‐equatorial. In this report, we present a comparison of equatorial THEMIS and nonequatorial GPS measurements of omnidirectional ≤600 keV electron fluxes. Such a comparison allows us to derive coefficients for using off‐equatorial GPS fluxes to infer the equatorial values. These coefficients depend on particle energy and L‐shell. We demonstrate a new data set derived from GPS measurements and discuss how it can be used to investigate mesoscale dynamics of energetic electron fluxes in the inner magnetosphere.
Pressure‐Stimulated Rock Current as Loading Diorite to Failure: Particular Variation and Holistic Mechanisms
Authors: Mao Wenfei , Wu Lixin , Xu Youyou , Yao Rubing , Lu Jingchen , Sun Licheng , Qi Yuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe variations in the electric property of loaded rocks are essential in understanding the rock dynamics and fracturing process. Decades of laboratory experiments have revealed different behaviors of stress‐stimulated electric current due to the effects of rock types, loading modes, and detection methods. These different behaviors result in difficulties in revealing the underlying physics of electric current in rock and adequately explaining the wide variety of electric precursors measured before rock failure or geohazards. In this study, cubic‐and conical‐shaped diorite specimens were specially designed and produced to experimentally investigate the characteristics of pressure‐stimulated rock current (PSRC) in the process of loading rock specimens to failure. We measured a particular phenomenon of diorite PSRC variation with pressure; that is, PSRC remained nearly stable until the applied stress reached 83%–98% of the failure strength. A remarkable step‐like increment in PSRC was uncovered, and drastic oscillations with maximum amplitudes of several hundreds of nA occurred 1 s prior to abrupt rock failure. A holistic mechanism that includes positive hole activation, field emission of electrons, crack charge separation, and moving charged dislocation was applied to interpret this particular phenomenon. We found that these mechanisms contribute comprehensively rather than individually to the evolution of PSRC. This study provides an improved understanding of the underlying physics of PSRC and the variation in rock electric properties, which is also helpful to understand the abnormal electromagnetic phenomena observed before earthquakes.
Contributions of Early‐ and Middle‐Winter Perturbations at Higher Altitudes to Late‐Winter Anomalously Strong Arctic Polar Vortex in the Lower Stratosphere
Authors: Qin Yusong , Gu Sheng‐Yang , Dou Xiankang , Teng Chen‐Ke‐Min , Yang Zhenlin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBased on the Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research Applications Version 2 reanalysis, an upper stratosphere/lower mesosphere (USLM) disturbance in early January and a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in early February are both coincidentally captured preceding the anomalously strong polar vortex during the late boreal winters of 2010/2011 and 2019/2020. Our analysis indicates that planetary wave breaking during the USLM disturbance and SSW decelerates the westerly polar night jet (PNJ) in the upper stratosphere, which leads to a continuous downward and poleward propagation of the PNJ during the early and middle winter. As the peak height of the PNJ descends, the region with negative vertical wind shear and negative waveguides also extends downward and reaches an altitude of ∼40 km during the late winter, which significantly limits the upward propagation of planetary waves, inducing a stable polar vortex in the lower stratosphere. In addition, the transformed Eulerian mean diagnostic results based on the specified dynamics simulation of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model eXtended version confirm that the planetary wave‐induced downwelling is the main cause of the stratospheric warming during the two perturbations. More importantly, the simulation results indicate that the strength of the two upper stratospheric perturbations is appropriate to maintain the reflective configuration during the late winter, which suggests that such a specific sequence of perturbations during the early and middle winter, namely a USLM disturbance followed by a minor SSW, is favorable for the development of a late‐winter unusually strong Arctic polar vortex in the lower stratosphere.
Micro 3D printing of a functional MEMS accelerometer
Authors: Pagliano Simone , Marschner David E. , Maillard Damien , Ehrmann Nils , Stemme Göran , Braun Stefan , Villanueva Luis Guillermo , Niklaus Frank 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMicroelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices, such as accelerometers, are widely used across industries, including the automotive, consumer electronics, and medical industries. MEMS are efficiently produced at very high volumes using large-scale semiconductor manufacturing techniques. However, these techniques are not viable for the cost-efficient manufacturing of specialized MEMS devices at low- and medium-scale volumes. Thus, applications that require custom-designed MEMS devices for markets with low- and medium-scale volumes of below 5000–10,000 components per year are extremely difficult to address efficiently. The 3D printing of MEMS devices could enable the efficient realization and production of MEMS devices at these low- and medium-scale volumes. However, current micro-3D printing technologies have limited capabilities for printing functional MEMS. Herein, we demonstrate a functional 3D-printed MEMS accelerometer using 3D printing by two-photon polymerization in combination with the deposition of a strain gauge transducer by metal evaporation. We characterized the responsivity, resonance frequency, and stability over time of the MEMS accelerometer. Our results demonstrate that the 3D printing of functional MEMS is a viable approach that could enable the efficient realization of a variety of custom-designed MEMS devices, addressing new application areas that are difficult or impossible to address using conventional MEMS manufacturing.