bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical chirality of biofilament induced by its chiral microstructure
Authors: Zhao Hui-Chuan , Bian Li-Chun , Zhang Tao , Tong Guo-Jun , Dai Peng-Shuai 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Biological filaments with chirality are ubiquitous in biology, but the mechanism behind the chiral growth of these filaments is still unclear. To understand the formation mechanism of these chiral filaments, a hierarchical chiral model for plant tendrils is established in this work based on the Cosserat beam theory and the constitutive equation of chiral materials, which can be used to describe the deformation of chiral biological filaments. Based on this model, the bend–twist coupling chirality is considered, the chirality transfer of plant tendrils from the micro to the macro scale is derived, and the variation in the chirality coefficients with the axial strain is obtained. By introducing a pre-strain and a pre-twist deformation, a theoretical explanation for the swelling and deswelling of plant tendrils is provided as an example. Finally, based on the shooting method, the spatial configuration of plant tendrils under the action of an external force at the end load is obtained. It is found that plant tendrils can achieve regular chiral morphologies or even hierarchical chiral morphologies by adjusting their internal stresses and elastic properties. During this process, the bend–twist coupling is more critical than the stretch–twist coupling. In the presence of external loads, the chiral perversion of plant tendrils can be realized by adjusting the bend–twist coupling coefficient; however, it cannot be realized by adjusting the stretch–twist coupling coefficient. This work is of universal significance and can provide a theoretical guidance for the artificial design and performance optimization of chiral filament materials.
Enhancement in room temperature ammonia sensing performance of the La substituted SnO2 (La:SnO2) thin films developed using spray pyrolysis technique
Authors: Boomashri M , Perumal P , Vinoth S , Shkir Mohd , AlFaify S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this report, pristine SnO2 and La doped SnO2 (La:SnO2) thin films were synthesized using the spray pyrolysis technique and their gas sensing performance operated at room temperature in the presence of ammonia (50 to 250 ppm) were analyzed. The La:SnO2 thin films were developed in four different La concentration like 0, 1, 3 & 5% in SnO2. All the prepared thin film samples were characterized using different analytical techniques for analyzing their properties. The XRD result shows the prepared La:SnO2(0, 1, 3 & 5%) thin films exhibits a tetragonal rutile structure of SnO2 without any secondary impurities according the JCPDS data (41–1445). Also, the crystallite size increases with the La doping concentration at 1% and decreases with further increase in La concentration (3 & 5%) could due to the deterioration of the grain growth of the Sn-O lattice. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results shows the La:SnO2 thin films possess a tetragonal structures with different nano size particles and the energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) confirms the presence of Sn, O & La elements. The optical results suggest that the transparency increases with the introduction of the La dopants slightly shifted towards the blue region. The bandgap of the samples increases with the increase in La concentration which is according to the Moss- Burstein effect. The photoluminescence (PL) studies confirms the 1% La:SnO2 thin films has higher defect sites due to the presence of oxygen vacancies. Finally, the gas sensing properties of the samples shows that the 1% La:SnO2 exhibits high response of 128% for 250 ppm of ammonia gas at room temperature. Also, 1% La:SnO2 possess stable current value for the fixed concentration of ammonia (250 ppm) during five cycles. This results suggests that the fabricated 1% La:SnO2 thin film sensor can be better suited for the commercial gas sensing application.
Mechanical regulation of tissues that reproduces wrinkle patterns of gastrointestinal tracts
Authors: Kai Yuto 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Gastrointestinal tracts exhibit a number of surface morphologies including zigzags, labyrinths, protrusions, and invaginations that are associated with digestive functions and are suggested to be formed by mechanical mechanisms. In this study, we investigate loading conditions and mechanical properties of tissues that reproduce different wrinkle patterning of gastrointestinal tracts on cell culture platforms. Numerical simulations of wrinkling dynamics are performed for a layered model consisting of an anisotropic epithelial layer resting on a bimodular soft substrate, which in turn adheres to a rigid foundation. Motivated by the patterning of intestinal villi of chicks and mice, we examine two-step compression, where the epithelial layer is subjected to uniaxial compression followed by biaxial compression, and one-step compression, where the epithelial layer is compressed in biaxial directions. Under different mechanical conditions of tissues, a wide variety of surface patterns are displayed that reproduce luminal patterns of digestive tracts. These results suggest possible conditions for mechanical regulation of tissues to duplicate gastrointestinal surface patterns in vitro and provide insight into mechanistic understandings of biological tissues.
Investigation on multiphoton absorption in MAPbBr3 and MAPbCl3 single-crystals under excitation wavelength up to mid-infrared
Authors: Wei K H , Chen B J , Zhang L B , Zhu H R , Fan S H 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The multiphoton absorption (MPA) in MAPbBr3 and MAPbCl3 single-crystals (SCs) is experimentally investigated at the excitation wavelength from near-infrared to mid-infrared. A five-photon absorption (5PA) in MAPbBr3 is demonstrated at an excitation wavelength of 2400 nm for the first time, while that in MAPbCl3 demonstrated at 2100 nm via observing fluorescence as well as using Z-scan measurement. Meanwhile, a 5PA coefficient obtained is 8.4 × 10−13 cm7 GW−4 at 2400 nm for MAPbBr3, while that of MAPbCl3 is 8.7 × 10−11 cm7 GW−4 at 2100 nm. Our results reveal that mid-infrared is available wavelength for generating high-order MPA effect in MAPbBr3 and MAPbCl3 SCs.
Radiative decays of charmed mesons in a modified relativistic quark model *
Authors: Li Jie-Lin , Chen Dian-Yong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, we perform systematic estimations of the radiative decays of the charmed mesons in a modified relativistic quark model. Our estimations indicate that the branching ratios of the processes of

,

,

,

, and

are of the order of

, which are sizable to be detected experimentally. Moreover, the branching ratios of some channels, for example,

,

, and

, are estimated to be of the order of

, which may be accessible with the accumulation of data in future experiments.
Evaluation of multiple perceptual qualities of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for evoked tactile sensation in forearm amputees
Authors: Zhang Jie , Hao Manzhao , Yang Fei , Liang Wenyuan , Sun Aiping , Chou Chi-Hong , Lan Ning 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective. Evoked tactile sensation (ETS) elicited by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is promising to convey digit-specific sensory information to amputees naturally and non-invasively. Fitting ETS-based sensory feedback to amputees entails customizing coding of multiple sensory information for each stimulation site. This study was to elucidate the consistency of percepts and qualities by TENS at multiple stimulation sites in amputees retaining ETS. Approach. Five transradial amputees with ETS and fourteen able-bodied subjects participated in this study. Surface electrodes with small size (10 mm in diameter) were adopted to fit the restricted projected finger map on the forearm stump of amputees. Effects of stimulus frequency on sensory types were assessed, and the map of perceptual threshold for each sensation was characterized. Sensitivity for vibration and buzz sensations was measured using distinguishable difference in stimulus pulse width. Rapid assessments for modulation ranges of pulse width at fixed amplitude and frequency were developed for coding sensory information. Buzz sensation was demonstrated for location discrimination relating to prosthetic fingers. Main results. Vibration and buzz sensations were consistently evoked at 20 Hz and 50 Hz as dominant sensation types in all amputees and able-bodied subjects. Perceptual thresholds of different sensations followed a similar strength-duration curve relating stimulus amplitude to pulse width. The averaged distinguishable difference in pulse width was 12.84 ± 7.23 μs for vibration and 15.21 ± 6.47 μs for buzz in able-bodied subjects, and 14.91 ± 10.54 μs for vibration and 11.30 ± 3.42 μs for buzz in amputees. Buzz coding strategy enabled five amputees to discriminate contact of individual fingers with an overall accuracy of 77.85%. Significance. The consistency in perceptual qualities of dominant sensations can be exploited for coding multi-modality sensory feedback. A fast protocol of sensory coding is possible for fitting ETS-based, non-invasive sensory feedback to amputees.
Epileptic seizure prediction using spectral width of the covariance matrix
Authors: EPMoghaddam Dorsa , Sheth Sameer A , Haneef Zulfi , Gavvala Jay , Aazhang Behnaam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjective.Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder in which patients suffer from sudden and unpredictable seizures. Seizures are caused by excessive and abnormal neuronal activity. Different methods have been employed to investigate electroencephalogram (EEG) data in patients with epilepsy. This paper introduces a simple yet accurate array-based method to study and predict seizures.Approach.We use the CHB-MIT dataset (all 24 cases), which includes scalp EEG recordings. The proposed method is based on the random matrix theory. After applying wavelet decomposition to denoise the data, we analyze the spatial coherence of the epileptic recordings by looking at the width of the covariance matrix eigenvalue distribution at different time and frequency bins.Main results.We train patient-specific support vector machine classifiers to distinguish between interictal and preictal data with high performance and a false prediction rate as low as 0.09 h−1. The proposed technique achieves an average accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and area under the curve of 99.05%, 93.56%, 99.09%, and 0.99, respectively.Significance.Our proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art works in terms of sensitivity while maintaining a low false prediction rate. Also, in contrast to neural networks, which may achieve high performance, this work provides high sensitivity without compromising interpretability.
Resistance distance distribution in large sparse random graphs
Authors: Akara-pipattana Pawat , Chotibut Thiparat , Evnin Oleg 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We consider an Erdős–Rényi random graph consisting of N vertices connected by randomly and independently drawing an edge between every pair of them with probability c/N so that at N → ∞ one obtains a graph of finite mean degree c. In this regime, we study the distribution of resistance distances between the vertices of this graph and develop an auxiliary field representation for this quantity in the spirit of statistical field theory. Using this representation, a saddle point evaluation of the resistance distance distribution is possible at N → ∞ in terms of an 1/c expansion. The leading order of this expansion captures the results of numerical simulations very well down to rather small values of c; for example, it recovers the empirical distribution at c = 4 or 6 with an overlap of around 90%. At large values of c, the distribution tends to a Gaussian of mean 2/c and standard deviation

2
/

c

3

. At small values of c, the distribution is skewed toward larger values, as captured by our saddle point analysis, and many fine features appear in addition to the main peak, including subleading peaks that can be traced back to resistance distances between vertices of specific low degrees and the rest of the graph. We develop a more refined saddle point scheme that extracts the corresponding degree-differentiated resistance distance distributions. We then use this approach to recover analytically the most apparent of the subleading peaks that originates from vertices of degree 1. Rather intuitively, this subleading peak turns out to be a copy of the main peak, shifted by one unit of resistance distance and scaled down by the probability for a vertex to have degree 1. We comment on a possible lack of smoothness in the true N → ∞ distribution suggested by the numerics.
Hydrodynamics and transport in the long-range-interacting φ
4 chain
Authors: Iubini Stefano , Lepri Stefano , Ruffo Stefano 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present a simulation study of the one-dimensional φ
4 lattice theory with long-range interactions decaying as an inverse power r
−(1+σ) of the intersite distance r, σ > 0. We consider the cases of single and double-well local potentials with both attractive and repulsive couplings. The double-well, attractive case displays a phase transition for 0 < σ ⩽ 1 analogous to the Ising model with long-range ferromagnetic interactions. A dynamical scaling analysis of both energy structure factors and excess energy correlations shows that the effective hydrodynamics is diffusive for σ > 1 and anomalous for 0 < σ < 1, where fluctuations propagate superdiffusively. We argue that this is accounted for by a fractional diffusion process and we compare the results with an effective model of energy transport based on Lévy flights. Remarkably, this result is fairly insensitive on the phase transition. Nonequilibrium simulations with an applied thermal gradient are in quantitative agreement with the above scenario.
The Microstrip Silicon Detector (MSD) data acquisition system architecture for the FOOT experiment
Authors: Kanxheri K. , Barbanera M. , Ambrosi G. , Silvestre G. , Biondi S. , Ridolfi R. , Villa M. , Aisa D. , Caprai M. , Ionica M. , Placidi P. , Servoli L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The FOOT (FragmentatiOn Of Target) multi-detector experiment aims at improving the accuracy of oncological hadrontherapy for tumor treatment. It studies the nuclear fragmentation due to the interactions of charged particle beams with patient tissues employing the inverse kinematic approach to boost the fragments in the laboratory reference system. Hence it is necessary a tracking system in a magnetic field to measure the momentum of the charged fragments. The Microstrip Silicon Detector (MSD) is part of the charged-ions-tracking magnetic spectrometer for the evaluation of the Linear Energy Transfer LET (dE/dx) and the nuclear fragments momentum. Here we describe the MSD architecture and its data acquisition system whose task is to collect and digitize the detectors output, generating a data packet to be sent to the experiment’s central acquisition. This data acquisition system is designed and tested to withstand the trigger rate and detector’s throughput; it has a small size and is easily portable, a necessary feature for an experiment that will move among the available ion beam accelerators and proton therapy treatment rooms.
Recent development of neutron and energetic-particle diagnostics for LHD deuterium discharges
Authors: Isobe M. , Ogawa K. , Sangaroon S. , Kamio S. , Fujiwara Y. , Osakabe M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An integrated set of neutron diagnostics developed for the deuterium operation of the Large Helical Device (LHD) has been revealing behavior of energetic ions in three-dimensional plasmas, together with energetic-particle diagnostics. In order to obtain deeper understanding of physics related to energetic ions in the LHD, development of plasma diagnostics that can provide energy distribution of energetic ions is now being accelerated. Recent advances in development of the D-D neutron energy spectrometer, a neutral particle analyzer based on a single-crystal chemical vapor deposition diamond, and a tangential fast-ion Dα diagnostic for deuterium discharges of the LHD are described.
Prototype of readout electronics for GAEA gamma spectrometer of Back-n facility at CSNS
Authors: Xie L. , Cao P. , Yu T. , Jiang Z. , An Q. , Li J. , Li C. , Wu X. , Wang Z. , Bai H. , Bai J. , Bao J. , Chen Q. , Chen Y. , Chen Z. , Cui Z. , Fan A. , Fan R. , Feng C. , Feng F. , Gao K. , Gu M. , Han C. , Han Z. , He G. , He Y. , Hong Y. , Hu Y. , Huang H. , Jia W. , Jiang H. , Jiang W. , Jin Z. , Kang L. , Li B. , Li G. , Li Q. , Li X. , Li Y. , Liu J. , Liu R. , Liu S. , Luan G. , Ning C. , Qi B. , Ren J. , Ren Z. , Ruan X. , Song Z. , Sun K. , Tan Z. , Tang J. , Tang S. , Wang L. , Wang P. , Wen Z. , Wu X. , Yang Y. , Yi H. , Yu Y. , Zhang G. , Zhang L. , Zhang M. , Zhang Q. , Zhang X. , Zhang Y. , Zhang Y. , Zhang Z. , Zhao M. , Zhou L. , Zhou Z. , Zhu K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The back-streaming neutrons (Back-n) facility at China
Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) provides an excellent white neutron
source for accurate nuclear data measurements. At Back-n, the GAmma
spectrometer with GErmanium Array (GAEA) in planning is designed to
measure neutron-induced cross-sections, nuclear structure, and
in-beam nuclear spectroscopy. As GAEA consists of various detectors,
developing and maintaining the readout electronics for this
spectrometer is challenging. A prototype of readout electronics
based on the universal digital readout platform is proposed in this
paper. The digitizer in the platform consists of a data processing
carrier and a signal acquire mezzanine. Different mezzanines are
designed to accommodate various detectors in GAEA. The carrier's
firmware also has a universal part for data readout and a
reconfigurable module for real-time data processing. In order to
synchronize all digitizers, a time synchronization module is
designed, based upon which a global synchronous network is
constructed with PXIe chassis. Critical signals as the clock,
trigger, and control can be synchronously distributed over this
network with high precision, significantly simplifying the whole
readout electronics. Several tests were carried out to evaluate the
prototype. The measured FWHM of the 22Na characteristic peak at
1274.5 keV is better than 0.15% for the HPGe detector. The
measured time resolution of the readout electronics is
34.7 ps. Test results show that the performance of the readout
electronics can meet GAEA requirements.
Hybrid fabrication of photo-clickable vascular hydrogels with additive manufactured titanium implants for enhanced osseointegration and vascularized bone formation
Authors: Li Jun , Cui Xiaolin , Lindberg Gabriella C J , Alcala-Orozco Cesar R , Hooper Gary J , Lim Khoon S , Woodfield Tim B F 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bone regeneration of critical-sized bone defects, bone fractures or joint replacements remains a significant clinical challenge. Although there has been rapid advancement in both the fields of bone tissue engineering and additive manufacturing, functional bone implants with rapid vascularization capacity to ensure osseointegration and long-term biological fixation in large bone defects remains limited in clinics. In this study, we developed an in vitro vascularized bone implant by combining cell-laden hydrogels with direct metal printed (DMP) porous titanium alloys (Ti–6Al–4V). A 5 wt% allylated gelatin (GelAGE), was utilized to co-encapsulate human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to investigate concurrent osteogenic and vasculogenic performance. DMP macro-porous Ti–6Al–4V scaffolds were subsequently infused/enriched with cell-laden GelAGE to examine the feasibility to deliver cells and engineer vascular-like networks in the hybrid implant. Furthermore, as a proof of concept, a full-scale porous Ti–6Al–4V acetabular cup was impregnated with cell-laden hydrogel to validate the clinical potential of this strategy. The vasculogenic potential was evaluated by examining micro-capillary formation coupled with capillary network maturation and stabilization. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed via alkaline phosphatase activity as well as osteocalcin and osteopontin expression. Our results suggested that GelAGE supported HUVECs spreading and vascular-like network formation, along with osteogenesis of hMSCs. Titanium hybrid constructs with cell-laden hydrogel demonstrated enhanced osteogenesis with similar vasculogenic capability compared to the cell-laden hydrogel alone constructs. The full-scale implant with cell-laden hydrogel coating similarly showed cell distribution and spreading, implying the potential for further clinical application. Our study presents the feasibility of integrating bio-functional hydrogels with porous titanium implants to fabricate a vascularized hybrid construct with both mechanical support and preferable biological functionality (osteogenesis/vasculogenesis), which paves the way for improved strategies to enhance bone regeneration in complex large bone defects achieving long-term bone-implant fixation.
Investigation of the mechanical and thermal stability of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene by using amide-multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a reinforcement material
Authors: Makableh Yahia , Bozeya Ayat , Rawashdeh Tariq , Alnasra Ibrahim , Hammam Haneen Abu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this research, an investigation of the thermal and mechanical properties of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) reinforced with pristine and modified multi- walled carbon nanotubes (Amide-MWCNTs)-MWCNTs nanocomposite was conducted. The nanocomposites were prepared by ultra-sonication mixing and hot press moulding methods. The MWCNTs surface was functionalised with amide group. The prepared nanocomposites were characterised based on structure, thermal, and mechanical properties by x-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and universal testing machine, respectively. The crystallinity, crystal size, space between atomic lattice and lattice constant were calculated from the XRD patterns. Results showed the decrease in UHMWPE crystallinity without affecting the crystal structure of UHMWPE when adding pristine MWCNTs and Amide-MWCNTs (1−5 wt%). Tensile test results showed an increase in the composites stiffness for all percentages in the range of 19%–65%, while the elongation at break for the 3 wt% Amide-MWCNT nanocomposite increased up to 71%. This indicates that the interfacial adhesion was enhanced by the amide group.
Synergistic effects of Piper longum mediated MgO nanoparticles for bacterial and fungal inhibition
Authors: Bakri Marwah 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A simple, cost-efficient green synthesis has been reported in the present study to synthesise and study the antimicrobial activity of the Piper longum assisted magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs). The MgO nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method and characterised by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The XRD study represents the FCC lattice of MgO- NPs. The adsorption of polyphenols and proteins in the P.longum extract on the surface of the prepared MgO-NPs was identified by FTIR. HR-TEM shows spherical particles with average size 22.67 nm due to the sufficient amount of capping. The energy band gap for MgO-NPs was found to be 5.1 eV. The optical studies indicate the quantum confinement effect of magnesium oxide NPs prepared with increasing concentration of Piper longum. The results indicated that small particle sized MgO-NPs have improved antimicrobial activity towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus flavus. The functional activities of the Piper longum assisted magnesium oxide NPs were influenced largely by the particle size. The obtained results revealed that the green synthesised MgO-NPs demonstrated assuring biomedical potentials.