bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality growth after relationship losses: Changes of perceived control in the years around separation, divorce, and the death of a partner
Authors: Asselmann Eva , Specht Jule 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundPrevious research suggests that romantic relationships play a crucial role for perceived control. However, we know surprisingly little about changes in perceived control before and after the end of romantic relationships.MethodsBased on data from the Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP), a nationally representative household panel study from Germany, we examined changes of perceived control in the years around separation from a partner (N =1,235), divorce (N =423), and the death of a partner (N =437).ResultsMultilevel analyses revealed that external control beliefs were higher in but not beyond the first year after separation from a partner. Internal and total control beliefs increased gradually in the years after separation. Moreover, internal control beliefs were higher in and especially beyond the first year after the death of a partner compared to the years before. No evidence was found that perceived control already changed in the years before relationship losses or in the years around a divorce.ConclusionTaken together, these findings point toward stress-related growth of perceived control after some relationship losses–especially separation and the death of a partner.
Assessing the impact of color blindness on the ability of identifying benign and malignant skin lesions by naked-eye examination
Authors: Elfalah Mutasem , Sulyman Nesrin , Alrwashdeh Anas , Al Hajaj Sari , Alrawashdeh Sonia , Al-Rawashdeh Asad , AlRyalat Saif Aldeen 
Published: August 2022

Background
Color vision deficiency describes the inability to distinguish certain shades of color. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of having color vision deficiency on the accuracy of distinguishing benign and malignant skin lesions by naked-eye examination.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study conducted during the period August 2020 to February 2021. We randomly selected a total of 20 nevi and 20 melanoma images from an open access image database. The 40 images were divided into four sets of images, each set contained 5 benign and 5 malignant skin lesion images simulated as if they were seen by a protanope physician, deuteranope physician, tritanope physician, and a set of images presented without simulation. In an online survey, students who were in their final year of medical school or had newly graduated were asked to diagnose each image as benign or malignant.

Results
A total of 140 participants were included with a mean (SD) age of 24.88 (1.51). We found a significantly higher mean accuracy for non-simulated images compared to deuteranope simulated images (p< 0.001, mean difference = 11.07, 95% CI 8.40 to 13.74). We did not find a significant difference in accuracy classification for protanope simulated images (p = 0.066), nor for tritanope simulated images (p = 0.315). Classification accuracy for malignant lesions was higher than classification accuracy for benign lesions, with the highest difference belonging to deuteranope simulated images, with a difference in mean accuracy of classifying malignant lesions by 32.2 (95% CI 27.0 to 37.6).

Conclusion
Deuteranope participants (i.e., green color deficiency) had a significantly lower accuracy of distinguishing pigmented skin lesions as benign or malignant, an impact not found for other color vision deficiencies, which was mainly for misdiagnosing benign lesions as malignant.
The global temperature-related mortality impact of earlier decarbonization for the Australian health sector and economy: A modelling study
Authors: Sharma Siddhanth , Bressler R. Daniel , Bhopal Anand , Norheim Ole F. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Sustained elevated concentration of GHGs is predicted to increase global mortality. With the Australian health sector responsible for 7% of the nation’s GHG emissions, the benefits and costs of various decarbonisation trajectories are currently being investigated. To assist with this effort, we model the impact earlier decarbonisation has on temperature-related mortality.

Design
We used DICE-EMR, an Integrated Assessment Model with an endogenous mortality response, to simulate Australian GHG trajectories and estimate the temperature-related mortality impact of early decarbonisation. We modelled a linear decline of the Australian health sector’s and economy’s GHG annual emissions to net-zero targets of 2040 and 2050.

Main outcome measure
Deaths averted and monetary-equivalent welfare gain.

Results
Decarbonisation of the Australian health sector by 2050 and 2040 is projected to avert an estimated 69,000 and 77,000 global temperature-related deaths respectively in a Baseline global emissions scenario. Australian economy decarbonisation by 2050 and 2040 is projected to avert an estimated 988,000 and 1,101,000 global deaths respectively. Assuming a low discount rate and high global emissions trajectory, we estimate a monetary equivalent welfare gain of $151 billion if the Australian health sector decarbonises by 2040, only accounting for the benefits in reducing temperature-related mortality.

Conclusions
Earlier decarbonisation has a significant impact on temperature-related mortality. Many uncertainties exist and health impacts other than temperature-related mortality are not captured by this analysis. Nevertheless, such models can help communicate the health risk of climate change and improve climate policy decision making.
Evaluating the geographic distribution of cervical cancer patients presenting to a multidisciplinary gynecologic oncology clinic in Gaborone, Botswana
Authors: Friebel-Klingner Tara M. , Iyer Hari S. , Ramogola-Masire Doreen , Bazzett-Matabele Lisa , Monare Barati , Seiphetlheng Alexander , Ralefala Tlotlo B. , Mitra Nandita , Wiebe Douglas J. , Rebbeck Timothy R. , Grover Surbhi , McCarthy Anne Marie 
Published: August 2022

Objective
In Botswana, cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer death for females. With limited resources, Botswana is challenged to ensure equitable access to advanced cancer care. Botswana’s capital city, Gaborone, houses the only gynecologic oncology multi-disciplinary team (MDT) and the one chemoradiation facility in the country. We aimed to identify areas where fewer women were presenting to the MDT clinic for care.

Methods
This cross-sectional study examined cervical cancer patients presenting to the MDT clinic between January 2015 and March 2020. Patients were geocoded to residential sub-districts to estimate age-standardized presentation rates. Global Moran’s I and Anselin Local Moran’s I tested the null hypothesis that presentation rates occurred randomly in Botswana. Community- and individual-level factors of patients living in sub-districts identified with higher (HH) and lower (LL) clusters of presentation rates were examined using ordinary least squares with a spatial weights matrix and multivariable logistic regression, respectively, with α level 0.05.

Results
We studied 990 patients aged 22–95 (mean: 50.6). Presentation rates were found to be geographically clustered across the country (p = 0.01). Five sub-districts were identified as clusters, two high (HH) sub-district clusters and three low (LL) sub-district clusters (mean presentation rate: 35.5 and 11.3, respectively). Presentation rates decreased with increased travel distance (p = 0.033). Patients residing in LL sub-districts more often reported abnormal vaginal bleeding (aOR: 5.62, 95% CI: 1.31–24.15) compared to patients not residing in LL sub-districts. Patients in HH sub-districts were less likely to be living with HIV (aOR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.38–0.90) and more likely to present with late-stage cancer (aOR: 1.78; 95%CI: 1.20–2.63) compared to patients not in HH sub-districts.

Conclusions
This study identified geographic clustering of cervical cancer patients presenting for care in Botswana and highlighted sub-districts with disproportionately lower presentation rates. Identified community- and individual level-factors associated with low presentation rates can inform strategies aimed at improving equitable access to cervical cancer care.
Assessing the diagnostic performance of a novel RT-PCR fluorescence method for the detection of human plasmodium species
Authors: Beyene Melkamu Bedimo , Teshome Seifegebriel , A. Yehenew , Terefework Zewdu , Stuitje Antoine R. , Abebe Tamrat , Beyene Habtamu B. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Malaria elimination effort is hampered not only by the lack of effective medication but also due to the lack of sensitive diagnostic tools to detect infections with low levels of parasitemia. Therefore, more sensitive and specific high-throughput molecular diagnostic approaches are needed for accurate malaria diagnosis.

Methods
In the present study, the performance of a novel single-tube MC004 real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay (MRC-Holland, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) was assessed for the detection of infection and discrimination of Plasmodium species. Blood samples (n = 150) were collected from malaria suspected patients at Adama malaria diagnosis and treatment centre, Adama, central Ethiopia. The positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), analytical sensitivity and specificity of the assay were assessed against the conventional microscopic method.

Results
Plasmodium species were detected in 59 (39.3%) of the samples by microscopy and in 62 (41.3%) by the novel MC004 RT-PCR. Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum and mixed infections with Plasmodium falciparum & Plasmodium vivax accounted for 47.5%, 40.6% and 11.9% respectively as detected by microscopy. The MC004 RT-PCR assay identified 59.7% and 40.3% of the samples positive for Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of the MC004 RT-PCR assay were 95.8%, 97.8%, 92%, and 98.9%, respectively. No mixed infections were detected using the MC004 assay.

Conclusion
The MC004 RT-PCR assay is a useful tool for the early detection of malaria and identification of Plasmodium species with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Due to its high sensitivity, and simplicity (being a single-tube assay), the MC004 is suitable for use in clinical settings and epidemiological studies.
Getting to the Emergency Department in time: Interviews with patients and their caregivers on the challenges to emergency care utilization in rural Uganda
Authors: Pickering Ashley E. , Dreifuss Heather M. , Ndyamwijuka Charles , Nichter Mark , Dreifuss Bradley A. ,   on behalf of the Global Emergency Care Collaborative Investigators
Published: August 2022

Objectives
Karoli Lwanga Hospital and Global Emergency Care, a 501(c)(3) nongovernmental organization, operate an Emergency Department (ED) in Uganda’s rural Rukungiri District. Despite available emergency care (EC), preventable death and disability persist due to delayed patient presentations. This study seeks to understand the emergency care seeking behavior of community members utilizing the established ED.

Methods
We purposefully sampled and interviewed patients and caregivers presenting to the ED more than 12 hours after onset of chief complaint in January-March 2017 to include various ages, genders, and complaints. Semistructured interviews addressing actions taken before seeking EC and delays to presentation once the need for EC was recognized were conducted until a diverse sample and theoretical saturation were obtained. An interdisciplinary and multicultural research team conducted thematic analysis based on descriptive phenomenology.

Results
The 50 ED patients for whom care was sought (mean age 33) had approximately even distribution of gender, as well as occupation (none, subsistence farmers and small business owner). Interviews were conducted with 13 ED patients and 37 caregivers, on the behalf of patients when unavailable. The median duration of patients’ chief complaint on ED presentation was 5.5 days. On average, participants identified severe symptoms necessitating EC 1 day before presentation. Four themes of treatment delay before and after severity were recognized were identified: 1) Cultural factors and limited knowledge of emergency signs and initial actions to take; 2) Use of local health facilities despite perception of inadequate services; 3) Lack of resources to cover the anticipated cost of obtaining EC; 4) Inadequate transportation options.

Conclusions
Interventions are warranted to address each of the four major reasons for treatment delay. The next stage of formative research will generate intervention strategies and assess the opportunities and challenges to implementation with community and health system stakeholders.
Evasão Escolar na Educação de Jovens e Adultos / School Dropout in Youth and Adult Education
Authors: Nascimento Ismael Elias Do 
Published: August 2022

Resumo: A evasão escolar é um dos graves problemas que assola a educação no Brasil. Uma proposta de resgate aqueles que não concluíram seus estudos no tempo adequado e se evadiram do sistema educacional é a Educação de jovens e adultos – EJA. Embora a EJA tenha por objetivo resgatar e inserir os adultos não alfabetizados no processo educacional, a mesma também sofre da evasão escolar. As pesquisas realizadas demonstram que a evasão escolar na EJA é alimentada por motivos sociais, políticos, culturais e econômicos. Pode-se ainda afirmar que a evasão escolar na EJA é construída por fatores internos e externos a escola. Encontrar respostas para reduzir os níveis de evasão escolar se constitui um desafio de difícil solução, pois a conjunção de fatores torna esse fator um problema complexo.Palavras-chaves: Educação de Jovens e Adultos; Evasão escolar; Abandono escolar. Abstract:School dropout is one of the serious problems that plague education in Brazil. A proposal to rescue those who did not complete their studies on time and evaded the educational system is the Education of Youth and Adults - EJA. Although the EJA aims to rescue and insert illiterate adults in the educational process, it also suffers from school dropout. The research carried out shows that school dropout in the EJA is fueled by social, political, cultural and economic reasons. It can also be said that school dropout in EJA is built by factors internal and external to the school. Finding answers to reduce the levels of school dropout is a challenge that is difficult to solve, as the combination of factors makes this factor a complex problem.Keywords: Youth and Adult Education; School dropout; School dropout.
Technical and Economical Evaluation of Micro-Solar PV/Diesel Hybrid Generation System for Small Demand
Authors: Dei Tsutomu , Batjargal Nomuulin 
Published: August 2022

This paper is intended as an investigation on a reliability of solar PV(Photovoltaic) and DG (Diesel Generator) hybrid system and the economical evaluation. In the remote area or island countries, diesel generator is a common technology for supplying power. In general, the price of diesel oil is expensive in remote areas. Therefore, introduction of the technologies which can reduce the fuel consumption for power generation is important in those area. Interconnection of solar PV with isolated diesel distribution lines is one of the options when expanding power generation facilities. However, the output of solar PV is influenced by the weather condition, it is difficult to ensure a constant output and control power amount. Using unstable input for power generation such as solar PV increases the risk of power outage due to instability of system voltage and frequency fluctuations. In this study, experiments were conducted to clarify the unstable condition using the micro-solar diesel hybrid system using solar PV (2kW), Battery Bank (24V,420Ah) and Diesel Generator (4.7kVA) and load(1500W) at Ashikaga University (AU). The experiments are conducted by two different setups, a hybrid system of solar PV and DG and the hybrid with battery bank. The results of the experiments show the frequency fluctuations becomes smaller by the hybrid system with battery bank. And the mechanical governor which attached to the DG has important function to stabilize frequency fluctuation. In the study, economic viability of the solar PV and DG hybrid system is examined by computing the Internal Rate of Return (IRR). In the calculation of the least-cost alternative system, a diesel engine powered generation system with the capacity to generate the same amount of electricity as the solar PV-DG hybrid system was used. The IRRs of the solar PV – diesel hybrid system is positive in all configuration. IRR becomes larger in the hybrid system without a battery bank and also it becomes larger with increase of the penetration ratio of solar PV. The configuration of solar PV and DG hybrid system have to be considered by the type of power demand. If the demand user requires quality power such as stabilized voltage and frequency in minimum range, battery bank have to be installed to the system. If the economical operation by saving the amount of fuel consumption is more important, battery bank does not need to be included. The system is feasible on the both aspect of technical and economical, therefore it can be introduced as reliable energy supply system for small power demand in remote areas.
GCN5L1 impairs diastolic function in mice exposed to a high fat diet by restricting cardiac pyruvate oxidation
Authors: Thapa Dharendra , Bugga Paramesha , Mushala Bellina A. S. , Manning Janet R. , Stoner Michael W. , McMahon Brenda , Zeng Xuemei , Cantrell Pamela S. , Yates Nathan , Xie Bingxian , Edmunds Lia R. , Jurczak Michael J. , Scott Iain 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLeft ventricular diastolic dysfunction is a structural and functional condition that precedes the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The etiology of diastolic dysfunction includes alterations in fuel substrate metabolism that negatively impact cardiac bioenergetics, and may precipitate the eventual transition to heart failure. To date, the molecular mechanisms that regulate early changes in fuel metabolism leading to diastolic dysfunction remain unclear. In this report, we use a diet‐induced obesity model in aged mice to show that inhibitory lysine acetylation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex promotes energetic deficits that may contribute to the development of diastolic dysfunction in mouse hearts. Cardiomyocyte‐specific deletion of the mitochondrial lysine acetylation regulatory protein GCN5L1 prevented hyperacetylation of the PDH complex subunit PDHA1, allowing aged obese mice to continue using pyruvate as a bioenergetic substrate in the heart. Our findings suggest that changes in mitochondrial protein lysine acetylation represent a key metabolic component of diastolic dysfunction that precedes the development of heart failure.
A comparative study of the spectrogram, scalogram, melspectrogram and gammatonegram time-frequency representations for the classification of lung sounds using the ICBHI database based on CNNs
Authors: Neili Zakaria , Sundaraj Kenneth 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In lung sound classification using deep learning, many studies have considered the use of short-time Fourier transform (STFT) as the most commonly used 2D representation of the input data. Consequently, STFT has been widely used as an analytical tool, but other versions of the representation have also been developed. This study aims to evaluate and compare the performance of the spectrogram, scalogram, melspectrogram and gammatonegram representations, and provide comparative information to users regarding the suitability of these time-frequency (TF) techniques in lung sound classification. Lung sound signals used in this study were obtained from the ICBHI 2017 respiratory sound database. These lung sound recordings were converted into images of spectrogram, scalogram, melspectrogram and gammatonegram TF representations respectively. The four types of images were fed separately into the VGG16, ResNet-50 and AlexNet deep-learning architectures. Network performances were analyzed and compared based on accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score. The results of the analysis on the performance of the four representations using these three commonly used CNN deep-learning networks indicate that the generated gammatonegram and scalogram TF images coupled with ResNet-50 achieved maximum classification accuracies.
Surge and Decline in 2022
Authors: Petrocik John R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Five models dominate academic analyses of elections for the House of Representatives. They are: (1) the surge and decline cycle of presidential elections and the successive off-year election; (2) the presidential performance model; (3) the retirement model; (4) the campaign spending model; and (5) the candidate quality model. The expected results for the 2022 Congressional election according to the first three models are presented here. Senate elections are not considered. The models differ in their predicted result. The smallest impact on 2022 is associated with the surge and decline cycle; the largest impact is found from incumbent retirements that reflect the prospective short-term forces in the election environment. The average of the three predictions for 2022 finds the Democratic Party losing their majority, giving the Republicans control of the House of Representatives for the 118th Congress.
Optimal control of non-instantaneous impulsive second-order stochastic McKean–Vlasov evolution system with Clarke subdifferential
Authors: Anukiruthika K. , Durga N. , Muthukumar P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The optimal control of non-instantaneous impulsive second-order stochastic McKean–Vlasov evolution system with Clarke subdifferential and mixed fractional Brownian motion is investigated in this article. The deterministic nonlinear second-order controlled partial differential system is enriched with stochastic perturbations, non-instantaneous impulses, and Clarke subdifferential. In particular, the nonlinearities in the system that rely on the state of the solution are allowed to rely on the corresponding probability distribution of the state. The solvability of the considered system is discussed with the help of stochastic analysis, multivalued analysis, and multivalued fixed point theorem. Further, the existence of optimal control is established with the aid of Balder’s theorem. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the developed theory.