bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterisation of the bacteriocin‐producingLeuconostoc citreumHW02from malts
Authors: Ahn Hyunwoo , Lee Daehyeop , Lee Seongho , Lee Kwang‐Geun 
Published: October 2022

SummaryHerein, a lactic acid bacterium which produces bacteriocin was isolated from malted barley. The isolated strain was identified by 16 S rRNA analysis and designatedLeuconostoc citreumHW02. Bacteriocin HW02 was shown to have growth inhibition against health‐threatening Gram‐positive microorganisms such asStaphylococcus aureus,Listeria monocytogenes, andLatilactobacillus curvatus. Bacteriocin HW02 was reported to be incapable of inhibiting the growth of health‐threatening microorganisms after treatment with proteolytic enzymes; thus, it was indicated that bacteriocin is proteinaceous in nature. Bacteriocin HW02 showed stability against a broad range of temperatures (60–121 °C), pH (2–10), various detergents, or organic solvents. Its antimicrobial activity against the indicator strain,Lactiplantibacillus plantarumNCDO 955, was maximised (320 AU mL−1) midway through the stationary phase at 12 h. The crude bacteriocin HW02 molecular weight was estimated to be about 7.7 kDa. After the treatment of the indicator strain with bacteriocin, the maintenance of the optical density of the culture, the morphological analysis of cell‐structure abnormalities, and cell shrinkage implied that bacteriocin showed bactericidal activity.
Drug use and severe outcomes among adults hospitalized with influenza, 2016–2019
Authors: Parisi Christina E. , Yousey‐Hindes Kimberly , Holstein Rachel , O'Halloran Alissa , Kirley Pam Dailey , Alden Nisha B. , Anderson Evan J. , Kim Sue , McMahon Melissa , Khanlian Sarah A. , Spina Nancy , Gaitan Maria A. , Shiltz Eli , Thomas Ann , Schaffner William , Talbot Keipp , Crossland Melanie T. , Cook Robert L. , Garg Shikha , Meek James , Hadler James 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundInfluenza is a persistent public health problem associated with severe morbidity and mortality. Drug use is related to myriad health complications, but the relationship between drug use and severe influenza outcomes is not well understood. The study objective was to evaluate the relationship between drug use and severe influenza‐associated outcomes.MethodsData were collected by the Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv‐NET) from the 2016–2017 through 2018–2019 influenza seasons. Among persons hospitalized with influenza, descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to analyze differences in demographic characteristics, risk and behavioral factors, and severe outcomes (intensive care unit [ICU] admission, mechanical ventilation, or death) between people who use drugs (PWUD), defined as having documented drug use within the past year, and non‐PWUD.ResultsAmong 48,430 eligible hospitalized influenza cases, 2019 were PWUD and 46,411 were non‐PWUD. PWUD were younger than non‐PWUD and more likely to be male, non‐Hispanic Black or Hispanic/Latino, smoke tobacco, abuse alcohol, and have chronic conditions including asthma, chronic liver disease, chronic lung disease, or immunosuppressive conditions. PWUD had greater odds of ICU admission and mechanical ventilation, but not death compared with non‐PWUD; however, these findings were not statistically significant after adjustment. Opioid use specifically was associated with increased risk of ICU admission and mechanical ventilation.ConclusionThese results support targeted initiatives to prevent influenza in this population, including influenza vaccination, which remains one of the most important tools to prevent influenza infection and associated severe outcomes.
Complex identities, intersectionality and research approaches in millennial family caregivers in the United States
Authors: Aaron Siobhan P. , Waters Austin , Tolentino Anthony , Rascon Aliria , Phan Cuong , Chen Emma , Travers Jasmine , Jones Miranda G. , Kent‐Marvick Jacqueline , Thomas Hebdon Megan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsA discussion of the personal and social contexts for Millennial family caregivers and the value of including complex identity and intersectionality in Millennial family caregiving research with practical application.DesignDiscussion paper.Data sourcesThis discussion paper is based on our own experiences and supported by literature and theory.Implications for NursingMillennial family caregivers have distinct generational, historical and developmental experiences that contribute to the care they provide as well as their own well‐being. Complex identity, the integration of multiple identities, and intersectionality, systems and structures that disempower and oppress individuals with multiple identities, need to be addressed in nursing research so intervention tailoring and health equity can be better supported in this population. From research conceptualization and design to data analysis, data must be used intentionally to promote equity and reduce bias. The inclusion of diverse Millennial caregivers throughout all stages of the research process and having a diverse nursing research workforce will support these efforts.ConclusionMillennial family caregivers comprise one‐quarter of the family caregiving population in the United States, and they are more diverse than previous family caregiving generational cohorts. Their needs will be more fully supported by nursing scientists with the adoption of methods and techniques that address complex identity and intersectionality.ImpactNursing researchers can use the following research approaches to address complex identity and intersectionality in Millennial caregivers: inclusion of qualitative demographic data collection (participants can self‐describe); data disaggregation; data visualization techniques to augment or replace frequencies and descriptive statistics for demographic reporting; use of researcher reflexivity throughout the research process; advanced statistical modelling techniques that can handle complex demographic data and test for interactions and differential effects of health outcomes; and qualitative approaches such as phenomenology that centre the stories and experiences of individuals within the population of interest.
Squeezed out: Experienced precariousness of self‐employed care workers in residential long‐term care, from an intersectional perspective
Authors: Duijs Saskia Elise , Abma Tineke , Plak Olivia , Jhingoeri Usha , Abena‐Jaspers Yvonne , Senoussi Naziha , Mazurel Casper , Bourik Zohra , Verdonk Petra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo understand self‐employed long‐term‐care workers' experiences of precariousness, and to unravel how their experiences are shaped at the intersection of gender, class, race, migration and age.BackgroundIn the Netherlands, increasing numbers of nurses and nursing aides in long‐term care (LTC) opt for self‐employment. Societal organizations and policy makers express concerns about this development, as self‐employment is seen as a risk factor for poor health. Self‐employment is not necessarily precarious work but can contribute to the precariousness of specific groups. Knowledge about inequities among self‐employed nurses and nursing aides in long‐term care is lacking.DesignA participatory, qualitative interview study. The research team consisted of four academic researchers and five (un)paid care workers.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews with 23 self‐employed nurses and nursing aides in LTC (2019–2020). Data were analysed from an intersectional perspective.ResultsFirst, we describe that feeling precarious as a hired employee—due to increasing workloads, health risks, poverty and discrimination—shapes care workers' choice for self‐employment. Second, we describe inequities between self‐employed care workers who could (financially) afford to turn to self‐employment as a health strategy and those who felt squeezed out of the organizations due to poverty or discrimination. They more often dealt with precarious work in the context of precarious lives, negatively impacting their health. Third, we describe how negotiating an entrepreneurial identity with a caring identity required material sacrifices and thus contributed to self‐employed care workers' financial precariousness, particularly as women.ConclusionOur findings indicate that working in LTC is becoming increasingly precarious for all care workers, both for hired and self‐employed, with younger, lower‐paid and racialized women with unpaid caring responsibilities seemingly most at risk for precariousness.ImpactOur findings urge policy makers and care organizations to develop gender and diversity‐sensitive policy responses to address these inequities.
Determination of level of self‐reported adherence of antihypertensive drug(s) and its associated factors among patient with hypertension at a tertiary care center
Authors: Bhusal Laxman , Deep Pathak Bishnu , Dhakal Bishal , Simkhada Nabin , Sharma Neeraj , Upadhaya Remi Binit , Adhikari Sushil , Oli Prakash Raj , Neupane Shashank , Limbu Binod , Shrestha Dhan Bahadur 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe study aimed to determine the level of self‐reported adherence to antihypertensive drug(s) and its associated factors among patient with hypertension at a tertiary care center. The authors performed hospital based observational cross‐sectional study using semi‐structured questionnaires, WHO STEP tool and Hill and Bone high blood pressure compliance scale from December 1, 2021 to February 28, 2022. Descriptive statistics, Chi‐square/Fisher's exact test and non‐parametric tests were used for statistical analysis. Among 150 cases included in the study, majority (94, 62.67%) had good adherence based on Hill and Bone high blood pressure compliance scale with adherence level labelled as “good adherence” (score 3) and “not good adherence” (score < 3). The adherence to drug therapy was significantly better in females compared to males (50 [71.43%] vs. 44 [55.00%], p = .038). Among the factors related to hypertension and anti‐hypertensive therapy, people with higher body mass index (ρ = ‐.324, n = 56, p = .015) and taking three or more pills (6, 1.71%, p = .017) had lower adherence to therapy. Likewise, forgetfulness (30, 53.57%), ineffective counseling (7, 12.50%), and missed follow‐up (13, 23.21%) were the factors associated with lower adherence to anti‐hypertensive therapy. This study finds good adherence among the patients taking anti‐hypertensive medications. However, with the improved education, lesser number of pills and physical fitness help to adhere with the anti‐hypertensive therapy.
Mutation and selection processes regulating short tandem repeats give rise to genetic and phenotypic diversity across species
Authors: Verbiest Max , Maksimov Mikhail , Jin Ye , Anisimova Maria , Gymrek Melissa , Bilgin Sonay Tugce 
Published: October 2022

AbstractShort tandem repeats (STRs) are units of 1–6 bp that repeat in a tandem fashion in DNA. Along with single nucleotide polymorphisms and large structural variations, they are among the major genomic variants underlying genetic, and likely phenotypic, divergence. STRs experience mutation rates that are orders of magnitude higher than other well‐studied genotypic variants. Frequent copy number changes result in a wide range of alleles, and provide unique opportunities for modulating complex phenotypes through variation in repeat length. While classical studies have identified key roles of individual STR loci, the advent of improved sequencing technology, high‐quality genome assemblies for diverse species, and bioinformatics methods for genome‐wide STR analysis now enable more systematic study of STR variation across wide evolutionary ranges. In this review, we explore mutation and selection processes that affect STR copy number evolution, and how these processes give rise to varying STR patterns both within and across species. Finally, we review recent examples of functional and adaptive changes linked to STRs.
Syndinean dinoflagellates of the genus Euduboscquella are paraphyletic
Authors: Yoo Jiae , Coats D. Wayne , Kim Sunju 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSyndinean dinoflagellates of the genus Euduboscquella infect marine ciliates and dinoflagellates. Euduboscquella species infecting dinoflagellates are understudied relative to congeners infecting ciliates and their molecular phylogeny remains uncertain. Morphology, development, and rRNA gene sequences of intracellular parasites infecting heterotrophic dinoflagellates from coastal waters of Busan, Republic of Korea in summer to fall of 2019–2021 indicate that Cucumeridinium coeruleum, Gyrodinium cf. ochraceum, and two unidentified species of Gyrodinium were each infected by a different Euduboscquella species. Morphological features including shield structure, shape and color of the mature trophont, and sporogenic process distinguished each of the four parasites from the 10 previously described species of Euduboscquella. Our molecular and phylogenetic analyses showed considerably greater genetic distance of SSU and ITS‐LSU rRNA gene regions among Euduboscquella species infecting dinoflagellates than among those infecting ciliates. Rather than clustering as a group with Euduboscquella species infecting ciliates, SSU rRNA sequences of the four novel parasites spread out across the syndinean Group I phylogeny, occurring in two different clades and a new lineage. Placement of our novel parasites in multiple clades that encompass Ichythyodinium chabelardi strongly indicates that the genus Euduboscquella is paraphyletic.
High opioid doses, naloxone, and central nervous system active medications received by Medicare‐enrolled adults
Authors: Silva Almodóvar Armando , Nahata Milap C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundA limited number of studies have analyzed prescribing among Medicare‐enrolled adults at risk for opioid overdoses. The objectives of this study were to evaluate prescribing for naloxone and central nervous system (CNS) active medications and to determine the relationships of patient characteristics with exposure to these medications.MethodsThis was a retrospective cross‐sectional analysis of a Medicare‐enrolled medication therapy management eligible cohort. Patients were stratified into two cohorts, individuals with a mean daily morphine milligram equivalent (MME) dose <50 and individuals with MME ≥50. Medications assessed included benzodiazepines, skeletal muscle relaxants (SMR), hypnotics, gabapentanoids, selective‐serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), antipsychotics, barbiturates, other antiepileptics, hydroxyzine, and naloxone. Chi‐square with odds ratios and logistic regressions determined the relationships of medications and patient characteristics with mean daily MME ≥50. Relationship between medications and opioid dose was adjusted for age and sex.ResultsThere were 3452 patients with a daily MME <50 and 1116 with a daily MME ≥50. After adjusting for age and sex, patients with a daily MME ≥50 were more likely to be prescribed hypnotics (OR: 1.41, 95% CI 1.17–1.70), SNRIs (OR: 1.39, 95% CI 1.17–1.64), and naloxone (OR: 3.21, 95% CI 2.49–4.12) (p < 0.001). Nine percent of eligible patients received naloxone. Age groups of persons <85 years of age had 1.58–4.04 (p ≤ 0.004) times the odds of being prescribed a mean daily MME ≥50.ConclusionNearly one‐fourth of patients were prescribed a mean daily opioid therapy of MME ≥50. These patients were more likely to be prescribed hypnotics, SNRIs, and naloxone. Patients receiving chronic high‐dose opioid therapy were more likely to be in age groups of persons <85 years. Naloxone may be underprescribed among eligible adults. Targeted medication services may ensure optimal prescribing among Medicare patients with chronic opioid therapies.
Continued potassium supplementation use following loop diuretic discontinuation in older adults: An evaluation of a prescribing cascade relic
Authors: Wang Grace Hsin‐Min , Morris Earl J. , Smith Steven M. , Hallas Jesper , Vouri Scott M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe use of a new medication (e.g., potassium supplementation) for managing a drug‐induced adverse event (e.g., loop diuretic‐induced hypokalemia) constitutes a prescribing cascade. However, loop diuretics are often stopped while potassium may be unnecessarily continued (i.e., relic). We aimed to quantify the occurrence of relics using older adults previously experiencing a loop diuretic‐potassium prescribing cascade as an example.MethodsWe conducted a prescription sequence symmetry analysis using the population‐based Medicare Fee‐For‐Service data (2011–2018) and partitioned the 150 days following potassium initiation by day to assess the daily treatment scenarios (i.e., loop diuretics alone, potassium alone, combination of loop diuretics and potassium, or neither). We calculated the proportion of patients developing the relic, proportion of person‐days under potassium alone, the daily probability of the relic, and the proportion of patients filling potassium after loop diuretic discontinuation. We also identified the risk factors of the relic.ResultsWe identified 284,369 loop diuretic initiators who were 8 times more likely to receive potassium supplementation simultaneously or after (i.e., the prescribing cascade), rather than before, loop diuretic initiation (aSR 8.0, 95% CI 7.9–8.2). Among the 66,451 loop diuretic initiators who subsequently (≤30 days) initiated potassium, 20,445 (30.8%) patients remained on potassium after loop diuretic discontinuation, and 9365 (14.1%) patients subsequently filled another potassium supplementation. Following loop diuretic initiation, 4.0% of person‐days were for potassium alone, and daily probability of the relic was the highest after day 90 of loop diuretic initiation (5.6%). Older age, female sex, higher diuretic daily dose, and greater baseline comorbidities were risk factors for the relic, while patients having the same prescriber or pharmacy involved in the use of both medications were less likely to experience the relic.ConclusionsOur findings suggest the need for clinicians to be aware of the potential of relic to avoid unnecessary drug use.
Does Competition Affect Bank Risk?
Authors: Jiang Liangliang , Levine Ross , Lin Chen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough policymakers often discuss trade‐offs between bank competition and stability, past research provides differing theoretical perspectives and empirical results on the impact of competition on risk. We employ a new approach for identifying exogenous changes in the competitive pressures facing individual banks and discover that an intensification of competition materially boosts bank risk. With respect to the mechanisms, we find that competition reduces banks’ profits, pricing power, and charter values and increases banks’ provision of nontraditional, riskier banking services and lending to riskier firms.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on surgery for benign diseases in gynecology: A nationwide survey by the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Komatsu Hiroaki , Nakagawa Satoshi , Yamagami Wataru , Yamada Hideto , Miyashita Susumu , Yoshino Kiyoshi , Kawana Kei , Shibahara Hiroaki , Hamatani Toshio , Aoki Daisuke 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to clarify the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on gynecology practice in Japan, in particular, on surgeries for benign gynecological diseases.MethodsAn online questionnaire was distributed to 966 facilities in Japan, including core facilities, facilities participating in perinatal and gynecologic oncology registries, and facilities certified for training by the Japanese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology Endoscopy. The number of surgeries performed was compared between 2019 and 2020, when the novel coronavirus disease was prevalent.ResultsFive hundred and eighty (58.2%) facilities responded. The total number of surgeries decreased from 129 648 in 2019 to 118 565 in 2020, by 8.5%, for all surgical procedures. However, there was a clear increase in the number of robotic surgeries performed in 2020 compared to that in 2019 for all populations. The number of total hysterectomies decreased markedly from 15 385 in 2019 to 12 531 in 2020, a fall of 10.1%.ConclusionsThe number of surgeries for benign gynecological diseases decreased by 8.5% in 2020 compared to that in 2019. This value is among the lowest in the world.
Neutral In‐Tensions: Navigating Neutrality in Coaching
Authors: Fatien Pauline , Louis Dima , Islam Gazi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNeutrality in coaching, as an often‐mentioned yet under‐theorized norm of practice, is illustrative of how a lack of conceptualization leaves professionals with eclectic and contradictory tools and techniques. Therefore, the current study examines coaches' attempts to practice neutrality, with diverse implications for their conceptions of professional practice. Through a qualitative study of 57 executive coaches using a critical incident technique, we identify situations of conceptual and practical complexity. The ongoing practice of enacting neutrality gave rise to diverse tensions, to which coaches responded by formulating individualization and socialization strategies that had different consequences in terms of forms of awareness. Considering neutrality in terms of situated, engaged, and processual practice, we use these findings to theorize its enactment within the interest‐laden world of organizations. Our study contributes to the theory and practice of coaching while also furthering understanding of the dynamic nature of seeking neutrality in professional contexts.
Governancing development in the Andes: From wicked problem to clumsy solutions via messy institutions
Authors: Garcés‐Velástegui Pablo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecent protests in Colombia, Ecuador, and Chile, as well as tense elections in Peru, Ecuador, and Chile, suggest strong polarization. At their heart lies a dispute for the development model. The plurality of factions and vindications underscore the plurality of development notions, rendering the situation a wicked problem. Grid group cultural theory makes sense of such complexity, identifying four irreducible cultures and their respective development models—illustrated by neoliberalism, the developmental state, multiple alternatives such as Sumak Kawsay, and a chimera. To address this problem effectively and legitimately, all models must be engaged to produce clumsy solutions. Further, each culture has its own pathway to harness this plurality. These are messy institutions whose shape, as well as that of clumsy development models, will depend on the relative power of each culture and the context in which they are located. It could be beneficial to incorporate these insights into research on and the practice of development governance in the Andean Region.