bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
System Equivalent Flux Density of a Polarimetric Tripole Radio Interferometer
Authors: Sutinjo A. T. , Kovaleva M. , Xu Y. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Electromagnetic and information properties of tripole antennas have been studied since the 1980s. In radio astronomy, tripole antennas find an application in space telescopes. More recently, a radio interferometer with satellite-borne tripole antennas is being considered for a lunar orbiting radio telescope to observe very long wavelengths. System equivalent flux density (SEFD) is an important figure of merit of a radio telescope. This paper aims to derive a general expression for SEFD of a polarimetric tripole interferometer. The derivation makes only two basic and reasonable assumptions. First, the noise under consideration is zero mean and when expressed in complex phasor domain, has independent and identically distributed (iid) real and imaginary components. Correlated and non-identically distributed noise sources are allowed as long as the real and imaginary components remain iid. Second, the system noise is uncorrelated between the elements separated by a baseline distance. The SEFD expression is derived from first principles, that is the standard deviation of the noisy flux estimate in a target direction due to system noise. The resulting SEFD expression is expressed as a simple matrix operation that involves a mixture of the system temperatures of each antenna and the Jones matrix elements. It is not limited to tripoles, but rather, fully extensible to multipole antennas; it is not limited to mutually orthogonal antennas. To illustrate the usefulness of the expression and how the formula is applied, we discuss an example calculation based on a tripole interferometer on lunar orbit for ultra-long wavelengths observation. We compared the SEFD results based on a formula assuming short dipoles and the general expression. As expected, the SEFDs converge at the ultra-long wavelengths where the dipoles are well-approximated as short dipoles. The general SEFD expression can be applied to any multipole antenna systems with arbitrary shapes.
Water Quality of the Jerteh River Basin, Terengganu, Malaysia During the Northeast Monsoon
Authors: Omar M S , Hashim M , Nayan N , Zahid M S , Mahat H , Saleh Y , See K L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Human activities that cause land use changes are factors affecting the river’s water quality. This study was centred on assessing the quality of the water in the Jerteh River basin that was affected by the land use changes. The water samples were collected at five monitoring stations along the Jerteh River. The fieldwork was conducted between November 2017 and February 2018. The water samples were analysed in the laboratory for six water quality parameters: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3-N), Alkalinity Index (pH) and Dissolved Oxygen (DO). The results showed that the water quality index forthe Jerteh River was classified as moderately polluted (Class II). Three parameters, namely COD, TSS, and NH3-N, were in Classes III and IV during the study period. This study concludes that land use changes due to human activities have impacted the water quality of the Jerteh River basin during the Northeast Monsoon season. Therefore, mitigation and drastic measures should significantly improve the Jerteh River basin’s water quality. All relevant parties should have worked collectively to improve the water quality of the Jerteh River rather than leaving it to the authorities.
Application of a novel fluorescence intensity assay: identification of distinct fatty acetates as volatile compounds that bind specifically to amino acid region 149-168 of a transmembrane receptor CD36
Authors: Tsuzuki Satoshi , Kimoto Yusaku , Marui Keita , Lee Shinhye , Inoue Kazuo , Sasaki Tsutomu 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) is a transmembrane receptor expressed in various cells and has diverse lipid ligands. The expression of CD36 in the murine olfactory epithelium and its ability to recognize certain species of fatty aldehydes, a class of odor-active volatile compounds, have suggested a role for this receptor in the capture of specific odorants in the nasal cavity of mammals. However, the spectrum of CD36-recognizable volatile compounds is poorly understood. In this study, we employed our recently devised assay with fluorescently labeled peptides as probes (fluorescence intensity assay) and identified distinct fatty acetates as volatile compounds that bind specifically to amino acid region 149-168 of CD36 (eg dodecyl and tetradecyl acetates). The present findings demonstrate the utility of our assay for the discovery of novel CD36 ligands and support the notion that the receptor functions as a captor of volatile compounds in the mammalian olfactory system.
Classic and molecular cytogenetic analysis unveils different chromosome rearrangements shaping the karyotype ofMonobia angulosaSaussure, 1852 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)
Authors: Tavares Mara Garcia , Teixeira Gisele Amaro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCytogenetic molecular studies involving hymenopterans have improved our knowledge about the composition, organization and evolution of the genomes of these insects. However, few cytogenetic studies have been performed in solitary wasps Eumeninae, which represents the most diverse subfamily of Vespidae. In this study, we describe the karyotype of the wasp Monobia angulosa using conventional and molecular cytogenetic techniques, in order to contribute to the understanding of chromosomal variation in this solitary wasp. The results indicated an odd chromosome number of 2n = 27 in females and n = 14 in males. The heterochromatin was located in centromeric/pericentromeric regions, and also in short arms in females and males. Chromomycin A3 staining revealed four and two bright interstitial bands in females and males, respectively. One of these marks corresponded to 18S rDNA clusters in both females and males. The microsatellite (GA)15 was located exclusively in the euchromatic regions in females and males. These results allowed us to suggest the occurrence of different chromosomal rearrangements, such as duplication/deletion of heterochromatic and euchromatic segments due to unequal crossing-over and Robertsonian rearrangements, to explain the origin of the chromosomal variations detected in the karyotype of this species. The few molecular cytogenetic studies already performed with Eumeninae wasps have revealed extraordinary karyotypic plasticity in this insect group.
Long-term associations between amyloid positron emission tomography, sex, apolipoprotein E and incident dementia and mortality among individuals without dementia: hazard ratios and absolute risk
Authors: Jack Clifford R. , Therneau Terry M. , Lundt Emily S. , Wiste Heather J. , Mielke Michelle M. , Knopman David S. , Graff-Radford Jonathan , Lowe Val J. , Vemuri Prashanthi , Schwarz Christopher G. , Senjem Matthew L. , Gunter Jeffrey L. , Petersen Ronald C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Dementia and mortality rates rise inexorably with age and consequently interact. However, because of the major logistical difficulties in accounting for both outcomes in a defined population, very little work has examined how risk factors and biomarkers for incident dementia are influenced by competing mortality. The objective of this study was to examine long-term associations between amyloid PET, APOE ɛ4, sex, education and cardiovascular/metabolic conditions, and hazard and absolute risk of dementia and mortality in individuals without dementia at enrolment. Participants were enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, a population-based study of cognitive ageing in Olmsted County, MN, USA. All were without dementia and were age 55–92 years at enrolment and were followed longitudinally. Predictor variables were amyloid PET, APOE ɛ4 status, sex, education, cardiovascular/metabolic conditions and age. The main outcomes were incident dementia and mortality. Multivariable, multi-state models were used to estimate mortality and incident dementia rates and absolute risk of dementia and mortality by predictor variable group. Of the 4984 participants in the study, 4336 (87%) were cognitively unimpaired and 648 (13%) had mild cognitive impairment at enrolment. The median age at enrolment was 75 years; 2463 (49%) were women. The median follow-up time was 9.4 years (7.5 years after PET). High versus normal amyloid (hazard ratio 2.11, 95% confidence interval 1.43–2.79), APOE ɛ4 (women: hazard ratio 2.24, 95% confidence interval 1.80–2.77; men: hazard ratio 1.37, 95% confidence interval 1.09–1.71), older age and two additional cardiovascular/metabolic conditions (hazard ratio 1.37, 95% confidence interval 1.22–1.53) were associated with the increased hazard of dementia (all P &lt; 0.001). Among APOE ɛ4 carriers with elevated amyloid, remaining lifetime risk of dementia at age 65 years was greater in women [74% (95% confidence interval 65–84%) high and 58% (95% confidence interval 52–65%) moderate amyloid], than men [62% (95% confidence interval 52–73%) high and 44% (95% confidence interval 35–53%) moderate amyloid]. Overall, the hazard and absolute risk of dementia varied considerably by predictor group. The absolute risk of dementia associated with predictors characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease was greater in women than men while at the same time the combination of APOE ɛ4 non-carrier with normal amyloid was more protective in women than men. This set of findings may be attributed in part to different biological effects and in part to lower mortality rates in women.
Context free and context-dependent conceptual representation in the brain
Authors: Gao Zhiyao , Zheng Li , Gouws André , Krieger-Redwood Katya , Wang Xiuyi , Varga Dominika , Smallwood Jonathan , Jefferies Elizabeth 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
How concepts are coded in the brain is a core issue in cognitive neuroscience. Studies have focused on how individual concepts are processed, but the way in which conceptual representation changes to suit the context is unclear. We parametrically manipulated the association strength between words, presented in pairs one word at a time using a slow event-related fMRI design. We combined representational similarity analysis and computational linguistics to probe the neurocomputational content of these trials. Individual word meaning was maintained in supramarginal gyrus (associated with verbal short-term memory) when items were judged to be unrelated, but not when a linking context was retrieved. Context-dependent meaning was instead represented in left lateral prefrontal gyrus (associated with controlled retrieval), angular gyrus, and ventral temporal lobe (regions associated with integrative aspects of memory). Analyses of informational connectivity, examining the similarity of activation patterns across trials between sites, showed that control network regions had more similar multivariate responses across trials when association strength was weak, reflecting a common controlled retrieval state when the task required more unusual associations. These findings indicate that semantic control and representational sites amplify contextually relevant meanings in trials judged to be related.
Infective Endocarditis Among High-risk Individuals Before and After the Cessation of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Dentistry: A National Cohort Study
Authors: Vähäsarja Niko , Lund Bodil , Ternhag Anders , Götrick Bengt , Olaison Lars , Hultin Margareta , Warnqvist Anna , Krüger Weiner Carina , Naimi-Akbar Aron 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
A few years after the publication of the British guidelines, national recommendations were published by the Swedish Medical Products Agency in October 2012, promoting the cessation of antibiotic prophylaxis in dentistry for the prevention of infective endocarditis (IE). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the incidence of oral streptococcal IE increased among high-risk individuals after October 2012.

Methods
This nationwide cohort study included all adult individuals (&gt;17 years) living in Sweden from January 2008 to January 2018, with a diagnose code or surgical procedure code indicating high risk of IE. Cox proportional hazard models were performed to calculate adjusted ratios of oral streptococcal IE before and after October 2012 between high-risk individuals and references.

Results
This study found no increased incidence of oral streptococcal IE among high-risk individuals during the 5 years after the cessation, compared with before. Hazard rate ratios were 15.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.3–28.5) before and 20.7 (95% CI: 10.0–42.7) after October 2012 for prevalent high-risk individuals. Corresponding ratios for incident high-risk individuals were 66.8 (95% CI: 28.7–155.6) and 44.6 (95% CI: 22.9–86.9). Point estimates for interaction with time period were 1.4 (95% CI: .6–3.5) and 0.8 (95% CI: .5–1.3) for prevalent and incident high-risk individuals, respectively.

Conclusion
The results suggest that the current Swedish recommendation not to administer antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of IE in dentistry has not led to an increased incidence of oral streptococcal IE among high-risk individuals.
Geographical Differences in the Self-Reported Functional Impairment of People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Associations With Cardiometabolic Risk
Authors: Erlandson Kristine M , Fitch Kathleen V , McCallum Sara A , Ribaudo Heather J , Overton Edgar T , Zanni Markella V , Bloomfield Gerald S , Brown Todd T , Fichtenbaum Carl J , Bares Sara , Aberg Judith A , Douglas Pamela S , Fulda Evelynne S , Santana-Bagur Jorge L , Castro Jose G , Moran Laura E , Mave Vidya , Supparatpinyo Khuanchai , Ponatshego Ponego L , Schechter Mauro , Grinspoon Steven K 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
We sought to explore multinational differences in functional status by global burden of disease (GBD) regions in the REPRIEVE cohort.

Methods
REPRIEVE is a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter, phase III primary cardiovascular prevention study of pitavastatin calcium vs placebo among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PWH) ages 40–75 on antiretroviral therapy (ART). GBD super regions were defined using World Health Organization classifications. Participants were categorized by impairment on the Duke Activity Status Instrument (DASI: none, some, moderate, severe). Logistic regression models examined risk factors and GBD regions associated with functional impairment. The association between functional impairment and cardiometabolic risk was also explored.

Results
Of 7736 participants, the majority were from high-income countries (n = 4065), were male (65%), and had received ART for ≥ 10 years. The median DASI score was 58.2 (interquartile range [IQR] 50.2, 58.2); 36% reported at least some impairment. In adjusted analyses, functional impairment was significantly more frequent among participants from Southeast/East Asia. Other factors associated with greater impairment included female sex, Black race, older age, current/former smoking, higher body mass index, use of ART for ≥ 10 years, and select ART regimens; differences were seen in risks across GBD regions. Functional impairment was associated with increased cardiometabolic risk.

Conclusions
Over 1/3 of middle-aged and older PWH in a global cohort across diverse GBD regions demonstrate functional impairments. The associations between DASI and cardiometabolic risk suggest that a measure of functional status may improve risk prediction; these longitudinal associations will be further investigated over REPRIEVE trial follow-up.
CT or MR Enterography to Assess Response During Vedolizumab Therapy for Small Bowel Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Kwapisz Lukasz , Bruining David H , Inoue Akitoshi , Lee Yong S , Edwards Phillip K , Holmes David R , Carter Rickey E , Siegelman Jenifer , Fletcher Joel G 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
To describe response to therapy of small bowel (SB) Crohn’s disease (CD) at CT or MR enterography (CTE/MRE) in patients on vedolizumab.

Methods
Patients with SB CD who underwent CTE/MRE exams greater than 12 months apart on vedolizumab therapy were included. Length (in cm) and inflammation severity (EMBARK score) of inflamed SB segments were assessed. Changes in inflammation length of 3.4 cm or greater or inflammation severity of 2 EMBARK points or greater was categorized as response or progression, as appropriate, with development of newly inflamed segments, strictures, or penetrating complications also indicating progression. Patients not meeting the criteria for response or progression were categorized as having stable disease.

Results
Of 36 SB CD patients, the large majority had prior surgery (86%; 31), anti-TNF use (92%; 33), and internal penetrating (78%; 28) disease. Thirty-two patients had paired baseline and follow-up CTE/MRE exams without interval surgery, with clinical response observed in 24/32 (75%). Based on imaging response criteria, 22% (7/32; 95% CI: 9%–40%) had response, 50% (16/32; 95% CI: 32%–68%) were stable, and 28% (9/32; 95% CI: 14%–47%) had disease progression. Fifty-six percent of (18/32; 95% CI: 38%–74%) patients had clinical improvement with response or stable disease by imaging. Patients with stable disease had shorter median baseline lengths of SB inflammation (P = .012). Proportion of patients with colonic inflammation, perianal disease, or penetrating complications did not change.

Conclusions
Most patients on vedolizumab for over 12 months demonstrated response or stable SB disease when using objective cross-sectional radiologic imaging criteria using CTE/MRE.
Transcatheter valve-in-ring and para-ring vascular plug implantation for severe tricuspid regurgitation following annuloplasty ring failure: a case report
Authors: Sharma Harish , Nadir M Adnan , Steeds Richard P , Doshi Sagar N 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Moderate or severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) recurs in up to one-third of patients within 8 years of surgical annuloplasty repair. Reoperation often carries high risk with poor outcomes. Transcatheter valve-in-ring repair is an emerging alternative treatment. However, residual regurgitation is frequent and may necessitate further procedures.

Case summary
A 52-year-old female was diagnosed with severe rheumatic valvular heart disease. The patient underwent mechanical aortic and mitral valve replacement. Additionally, tricuspid repair was performed using a semi-rigid annuloplasty ring (28 mm Edwards Physio Tricuspid). Within 2 years, the patient developed recurrent, isolated severe symptomatic TR, with progressive right ventricular dilatation. The patient was considered prohibitive risk for redo surgery and unsuitable for cardiac transplantation. She underwent percutaneous valve-in-ring transcatheter heart valve (THV) implantation using a 29 mm Sapien S3 (Edwards Lifesciences, CA, USA) valve. Persistent severe residual para-ring TR warranted a further procedure to deploy vascular plugs, significantly reducing the TR to a mild jet with symptomatic improvement.

Discussion
Valve-in-ring THV implantation for failed surgical tricuspid annuloplasty repair is a rare procedure reserved for symptomatic patients at high or prohibitive risk for reoperation. Significant residual TR is a commonly encountered problem with incomplete annuloplasty rings following valve-in-ring procedures and may occur either intra-ring between the THV and the ring or para-ring. Implantation of vascular occlusion devices can be used to successfully treat residual TR at either location with good outcomes at 6-month follow-up. Further work is required to determine the longevity of this treatment.
Efficacy of singular and composite annular repositioning and subvalvular surgical techniques to treat functional tricuspid regurgitation due to leaflet tethering: Early results of a feasibility study
Authors: Takeshita Masashi , Arai Hirokuni , Nagaoka Eiki , Oi Keiji , Yashima Masafumi , Fujiwara Tatsuki , Oishi Kiyotoshi , Mizuno Tomohiro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The goal of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients with subvalvular procedures for functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) with severe leaflet tethering.

METHODS
Of 175 patients who had tricuspid valve surgery between June 2016 and June 2021, a total of 17 patients with functional TR with a preoperative tethering height ≥8 mm underwent subvalvular procedures (annular repositioning [An-Rep]) to reduce septal leaflet tethering, papillary muscle relocation to reduce anterior leaflet tethering, and/or papillary muscle bundling [PMB] to reduce anterior and posterior leaflet tethering along with ring annuloplasty at our institution. A single subvalvular procedure was performed in 9 patients (An-Rep in 5 patients, PMB in 4 patients; group S), and a combination of subvalvular procedures was performed in 8 patients (An-Rep and papillary muscle relocation in 5 patients, An-Rep and PMB in 3 patients; group C).

RESULTS
Predischarge TR grades and tethering height were significantly improved (3.2 ± 1.3–1.0 ± 0.5, p = 0.001; 9.9 ± 2.5 mm–5.5 ± 2.8 mm, p &lt; 0.001, respectively). An-Rep and PMB significantly reduced the postoperative closing angles of the septal and anterior leaflets, respectively. During the 20.4 ± 19.5-month follow-up period, the rates of freedom from death and moderate TR at 2 years were 41.7% in group S, and 71.4% in group C (p = 0.39), respectively. In group C, TR recurrence was not observed at 2 years postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS
Subvalvular procedures were effective in reducing the predischarge TR grades and tethering height. The combination of subvalvular procedures might be a durable strategy to prevent recurrent TR.
Nitrite- and N2O-reducing bacteria respond differently to ecological factors in saline lakes
Authors: Sun Xiaoxi , Yang Jian , Jiang Hongchen , Wang Beichen , Xiao Haiyi , Xie Zhanling , Han Jinbin , Zhang Xiying , Xu Jianxin , Gong Dafei , Zhang Xuexia , Wang Yaoyao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The distribution of nitrite- and N2O-reducing bacteria is key to potential N2O emission from lakes. However, such information in highland saline lakes remains unknown. Here, we investigated the abundance and community composition of nitrite- and N2O-reducing bacteria in the sediments of six saline lakes on the Qing-Tibetan Plateau. The studied lakes covered a wide range of salinity (1.0–340.0 g/L). Results showed that in the studied saline lake sediments, nitrite-reducing bacteria were significantly more abundant than N2O-reducing bacteria, and their abundances ranged 7.14 × 103–8.26 × 108 and 1.18 × 106–6.51 × 107 copies per gram sediment (dry weight), respectively. Nitrite-reducing bacteria were mainly affiliated with α-, β- and γ-Proteobacteria, with β- and α-Proteobacteria being dominant in low- and high-salinity lakes, respectively; N2O-reducing bacterial communities mainly consisted of Proteobacteria (α-, β-, γ- and δ-subgroups), Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes and Balneolaeota, with Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes/Verrucomicrobia dominating in low- and high-salinity lakes, respectively. The nitrite- and N2O-reducing bacterial communities showed distinct responses to ecological factors, and they were mainly regulated by mineralogical and physicochemical factors, respectively. In response to salinity change, the community composition of nitrite-reducing bacteria was more stable than that of N2O-reducing bacteria. These findings suggest that nitrite- and N2O-reducing bacteria may prefer niches with different salinity.