bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic neural activity predisposes susceptibility to a body illusion
Authors: Hsu Tzu-Yu , Zhou Ji-Fan , Yeh Su-Ling , Northoff Georg , Lane Timothy Joseph 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSusceptibility to the rubber hand illusion (RHI) varies. To date, however, there is no consensus explanation of this variability. Previous studies, focused on the role of multisensory integration, have searched for neural correlates of the illusion. But those studies have failed to identify a sufficient set of functionally specific neural correlates. Because some evidence suggests that frontal α power is one means of tracking neural instantiations of self, we hypothesized that the higher the frontal α power during the eyes-closed resting state, the more stable the self. As a corollary, we infer that the more stable the self, the less susceptible are participants to a blurring of boundaries—to feeling that the rubber hand belongs to them. Indeed, we found that frontal α amplitude oscillations negatively correlate with susceptibility. Moreover, since lower frequencies often modulate higher frequencies, we explored the possibility that this might be the case for the RHI. Indeed, some evidence suggests that high frontal α power observed in low-RHI participants is modulated by δ frequency oscillations. We conclude that while neural correlates of multisensory integration might be necessary for the RHI, sufficient explanation involves variable intrinsic neural activity that modulates how the brain responds to incompatible sensory stimuli.
Total Vaginal Hysterectomy With Uterosacral Ligament Suspension Compared With Supracervical Hysterectomy With Sacrocervicopexy for Uterovaginal Prolapse
Authors: Giugale Lauren E. , Melnyk Alexandra I. , Ruppert Kristine M. , Napoe Gnankang S. , Lavelle Erin S. , Bradley Megan S. 
Published: March 2022

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2021;138:435–442)
Options for women with uterovaginal prolapse who desire hysterectomy and reconstructive repair include native tissue or mesh-based repairs. The benefit of a mesh sacrocolpopexy as the initial surgical approach for uterovaginal pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is unclear.
Use of Metformin to Prolong Gestation in Preterm Pre-eclampsia: Randomised, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial
Authors: Cluver Catherine A. , Hiscock Richard , Decloedt Eric H. , Hall David R. , Schell Sonja , Mol Ben W. , Brownfoot Fiona , Kaitu'u-Lino Tu'uhevaha J. , Walker Susan P. , Tong Stephen 
Published: March 2022

(Abstracted from BMJ 2021;374:n2103)
Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly when presenting preterm. Because the only treatment for preeclampsia is delivery, preterm preeclampsia often leads to preterm delivery placing the neonate at risk of major neonatal disability and death.
Characteristics of White Matter Integrity During Different Phases of Abstinence in Heroin Use Disorders: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study
Authors: Zhu Jia , Yan Xuejiao , Lyu Zhuomin , Wang Shu , Chen Jiajie , Wang Wei , Li Qiang , Li Wei 
Published: March 2022

Objectives
The recovery of heroin-induced white matter impairment during abstinence has been reported, determining the characteristics of this recovery can help to improve the therapeutic strategies. In this study, we explored white matter characteristics in heroin use disorders during different phases of abstinence by using a quantitative diffusion tensor imaging method.

Methods
Seventeen and 22 male patients with long- and short-term abstinence (LA and SA, respectively) from heroin use and 20 male healthy controls participated in this study. Voxel-wise diffusion tensor imaging method was used for the comparison of fractional anisotropy (FA). Radial diffusivity (RD) and axial diffusivity (AD) were induced to explore the pathological characteristics of FA. The correlation between diffusion tensor indices and duration of abstinence was further analyzed.

Results
Compared to the healthy controls, patients with SA had significantly reduced FA in extensive white matter regions, while those with LA had only 2 clusters that showed reduced FA, which were located mainly in the genu of the corpus callosum, forceps minor, uncinate fasciculus, left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and posterior thalamic radiation. Significantly increased RD with unchanged axial diffusivity were detected. FA in the regions with the significant intergroup difference between SA and LA correlated positively with the duration of abstinence. The RD in these regions correlated negatively with the duration of abstinence.

Conclusions
The findings suggested that the time-dependent recovery of white matter, especially the restoration of the myelin sheath, occurred in patients with LA. Longer-abstinent duration with strategies of enhancing myelination may improve treatment effectiveness.
Threshold Equalizing Noise Test Reveals Suprathreshold Loss of Hearing Function, Even in the “Normal” Audiogram Range
Authors: Stone Michael A. , Perugia Emanuele , Bakay Warren , Lough Melanie , Whiston Helen , Plack Christopher J. 
Published: March 2022

Objectives:
The threshold equalizing noise (TEN(HL)) is a clinically administered test to detect cochlear “dead regions” (i.e., regions of loss of inner hair cell [IHC] connectivity), using a “pass/fail” criterion based on the degree of elevation of a masked threshold in a tone-detection task. With sensorineural hearing loss, some elevation of the masked threshold is commonly observed but usually insufficient to create a “fail” diagnosis. The experiment reported here investigated whether the gray area between pass and fail contained information that correlated with factors such as age or cumulative high-level noise exposure (>100 dBA sound pressure levels), possibly indicative of damage to cochlear structures other than the more commonly implicated outer hair cells.

Design:
One hundred and twelve participants (71 female) who underwent audiometric screening for a sensorineural hearing loss, classified as either normal or mild, were recruited. Their age range was 32 to 74 years. They were administered the TEN test at four frequencies, 0.75, 1, 3, and 4 kHz, and at two sensation levels, 12 and 24 dB above their pure-tone absolute threshold at each frequency. The test frequencies were chosen to lie either distinctly away from, or within, the 2 to 6 kHz region where noise-induced hearing loss is first clinically observed as a notch in the audiogram. Cumulative noise exposure was assessed by the Noise Exposure Structured Interview (NESI). Elements of the NESI also permitted participant stratification by music experience.

Results:
Across all frequencies and testing levels, a strong positive correlation was observed between elevation of TEN threshold and absolute threshold. These correlations were little-changed even after noise exposure and music experience were factored out. The correlations were observed even within the range of “normal” hearing (absolute thresholds ≤15 dB HL).

Conclusions:
Using a clinical test, sensorineural hearing deficits were observable even within the range of clinically “normal” hearing. Results from the TEN test residing between “pass” and “fail” are dominated by processes not related to IHCs. The TEN test for IHC-related function should therefore only be considered for its originally designed function, to generate a binary decision, either pass or fail.
The Use of Biomarkers in the Early Diagnosis of Septic Arthritis and Osteomyelitis—A Pilot Study
Authors: Mo Michelle , Guilak Farshid , Elward Alexis , Quayle Kimberly , Thompson Dominic , Brouillet Kirsten , Luhmann Scott J. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The diagnosis of septic arthritis (SA) and osteomyelitis (OM) has remained challenging in the pediatric population, often accompanied by delays and requiring invasive interventions. The purpose of this pilot study is to identify a novel panel of biomarkers and cytokines that can accurately differentiate SA and OM at initial presentation using serum alone.

Methods:
Twenty patients below 18 years old whose working diagnosis included SA (n=10) and OM (n=10) were identified. Serum was collected at initial evaluation. Each sample underwent seven ELISA [C1-C2, COMP, CS-846, hyaluronan, procalcitonin, PIIANP, C-terminal telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II)] and 65-plex cytokine panels. Principal component and Lasso regression analysis were performed to identify a limited set of predictive biomarkers.

Results:
Mean age was 4.7 and 9.5 years in SA and OM patients, respectively (P=0.029). 50% of SA patients presented within 24 hours of symptom onset, compared with 0% of OM patients (P=0.033). 30% of SA patients were discharged home with an incorrect diagnosis and re-presented to the emergency department days later. At time of presentation: temperature ≥38.5°C was present in 10% of SA and 40% of OM patients (P=0.12), mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/h) was 51.6 in SA and 44.9 in OM patients (P=0.63), mean C-reactive protein (mg/dL) was 55.8 in SA and 71.8 in OM patients (P=0.53), and mean white blood cells (K/mm3) was 12.5 in SA and 10.4 in OM patients (P=0.34). 90% of SA patients presented with ≤2 of the Kocher criteria. 100% of SA and 40% of OM patients underwent surgery. 70% of SA cultures were culture negative, 10% MSSA, 10% Kingella, and 10% Strep pyogenes. 40% of OM cultures were culture negative, 50% MSSA, and 10% MRSA. Four biomarkers [CTx-II, transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), B cell-attracting chemokine 1] were identified that were able to classify and differentiate 18 of the 20 SA and OM cases correctly, with 90% sensitivity and 80% specificity.

Conclusions:
This pilot study identifies a panel of biomarkers that can differentiate between SA and OM at initial presentation using serum alone.

Level of Evidence:
Level II—diagnostic study.
Treatments and Sequelae of Pediatric Pathologic Proximal Femur Fractures Due to Benign Bone Cyst
Authors: Lin Adrian J. , Siddiqui Ali A. , Fan Bensen , Bennett James T. , Illingworth Kenneth D. , Andras Lindsay M. , Skaggs David L. , Tolo Vernon T. , VandenBerg Curtis D. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The proximal femur is a common location for pathologic fractures in children, yet there is little published information regarding this injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes of pediatric pathologic proximal femur fractures due to benign bone tumors.

Methods:
A retrospective review of patients treated for pathologic proximal femur fractures from 2004 to 2018 was conducted. Inclusion criteria were age below 18 years and pathologic proximal femur fracture secondary to a benign bone tumor. Patients were excluded if they had <1 year of follow-up. Medical charts and serial radiographs were reviewed for fracture classification, underlying pathology, treatment, complications, and time to fracture healing.

Results:
A total of 14 patients were included. Mean age was 6±3 (3 to 11) years, and mean follow-up was 44±21 (22 to 86) months. Index treatment was spica casting in 9/14 (68%) patients, while 5/14 (32%) were treated with internal fixation. Of the 9 patients initially treated with casting, 22% (2/9) required repeat spica casting at a mean of 0.6 months after index treatment, 67% (6/9) required internal fixation at a mean of 20.3 months after index treatment, and 11% (1/9) did not require revision treatment. Eighty-eight percent (8/9) of patients treated with casting required revision treatment compared with 40% (2/5) of those treated with internal fixation (P=0.05). Nonunion occurred after 1 refracture, malunion with coxa vara occurred in 2 fractures, and the remaining 11/14 (84%) fractures had a union at a mean of 4.9±3.0 months All cases of malunion occurred in patients initially treated nonoperatively. There were 19 distinct complications in 10/14 (71%) patients. The incidence of any revision surgery was 64% (9/14).

Conclusions:
In this series, pediatric pathologic proximal femur fractures demonstrated prolonged time to union, high incidence of revision surgery (64%), and substantial complication rate (71%). In children with pathologic proximal femur fractures, treatment with internal fixation is recommended as this series showed a 78% failure rate of initial conservative management.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Hip Morphology in Periacetabular Osteotomy (PAO) Patients Treated for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) as Infants Compared With Those Without Infant Treatment
Authors: Ellsworth Bridget K. , Bram Joshua T. , Sink Ernest L. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
A subset of patients successfully treated for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) as infants have symptomatic acetabular dysplasia at skeletal maturity leading to periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). The purpose of this study was to compare femoral and acetabular morphology in PAO patients with late acetabular dysplasia after previous treatment for DDH with PAO patients who do not have a history of DDH treatment.

Methods:
A single surgeon’s patients who underwent PAO between 2011 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients previously treated for infantile DDH with a Pavlik harness, abduction brace, closed reduction and spica casting, or open reduction and spica casting were included. Patients with previous bony hip surgery were excluded. Preoperative radiographic measurements of each hip were recorded including lateral center edge angle, anterior center edge angle, and Femoro-Epiphyseal Acetabular Roof index. Computed tomography measurements included the coronal center edge angle, sagittal center edge angle, Tönnis angle, acetabular anteversion at 1, 2, and 3 o’clock, femoral neck-shaft angle, femoral version, and alpha angle. Control PAO cases without a history of DDH diagnosis or treatment were matched with the infantile DDH treatment group in a 2:1 ratio based on coronal center edge angle, age, and sex.

Results:
There were 21 hips in 18 patients previously treated for infantile DDH (13 patients Pavlik harness, 3 abduction brace, 1 closed reduction, and 1 open reduction). The control PAO cohort was 42 hips in 42 patients who did not have previous DDH treatment. There was no statistically significant difference in any of the recorded measurements between patients previously treated for DDH and those without previous treatment including femoral version (P=0.494), anteversion at 1 o’clock (P=0.820), anteversion at 2 o’clock (P=0.584), anteversion at 3 o’clock (P=0.137), neck-shaft angle (P=0.612), lateral center edge angle (P=0.433), Femoro-Epiphyseal Acetabular Roof index (P=0.144), and alpha angle (P=0.156).

Conclusions:
Femoral and acetabular morphology is similar between PAO patients with persistent symptomatic acetabular dysplasia following DDH treatment and patients presenting after skeletal maturity with acetabular dysplasia and no previous history of DDH treatment.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—case-control, prognostic study.
Morphologic Change of CorticoCancellous Allograft Used for Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Yang Jae Jun , Ryu Byungyoung , Moon Ji Weon , Kim Taehyun , Park Sehan 
Published: March 2022

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort study

Objective.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and clinical implications of graft morphologic changes in corticocancellous allografts used for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), such as graft resorption or fracture.

Summary of Background Data.
Although cortico-cancellous allograft is one of the most commonly used interbody spacer for ACDF, clinical implications of allograft resorption or fracture is unclear.

Methods.
One-hundred and thirty-eight consecutive patients who underwent ACDF for degenerative cervical myelopathy or radiculopathy were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with allograft morphologic changes, including graft resorption and fracture (morphologic change group), were compared with patients without morphologic changes (unchanged group). Furthermore, operated segments with morphologic changes were compared with unchanged segments. Patient characteristics, cervical lordosis, segmental lordosis, fusion, subsidence, neck pain visual analogue scale (VAS), arm pain VAS, and neck disability index (NDi) scores were evaluated.

Results.
Ninety patients (149 segments) were included in the study. Allograft resorption or fracture was detected in 46 (51.1%) patients and 81 (54.3%) segments, respectively. The fusion rate of morphologic change segments was significantly lower than that of the unchanged segments (P < 0.001). Furthermore, segments with morphologic changes had significantly higher rates of subsidence compared to unchanged segments (P< 0.001). Segmental lordosis at the final follow-up was significantly smaller in the morphologic change segments (P< 0.001). Neck pain VAS, arm pain VAS, and NDI scores did not demonstrate significant intergroup differences.

Conclusion.
Corticocancellous allograft demonstrated a high rate of graft morphologic change (54.3%). Graft resorption or fracture was associated with increased pseudarthrosis, subsidence, and decreased postoperative segmental lordosis; however, the clinical results were not significantly affected. Caution is needed when choosing to use corticocancellous allografts for ACDF due to the high rate of graft resorption or fracture and the negative implications of these risks.
Impact of body mass index, weight gain, and metabolic disorders on survival and prognosis in patients with breast cancer who underwent chemotherapy
Authors: Yang Ping , He Yingjian , Yu Xinying , Liu Baohua , Wang Xuemei , Li Xiangping , Wang Peiyu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background:
Weight gain during chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer contributes to their poor prognosis. However, a growing number of studies have found that metabolic disorders seem to play a more important role in breast cancer prognosis than weight gain. This study aimed to explore the prognostic effects of body mass index (BMI), weight gain, and metabolic disorders on the overall survival (OS) and prognosis of patients with breast cancer who underwent chemotherapy.

Methods:
Data from the inpatient medical records of patients with breast cancer who underwent chemotherapy at the Beijing Cancer Hospital Breast Cancer Center from January to December 2010 were retrospectively collected, and the patients were followed up until August 2020.

Results:
A total of 438 patients with stages I to III breast cancer met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Forty-nine (11.19%) patients died, while 82 (18.72%) patients had tumor recurrence and metastasis at the last follow-up (August 2020). From the time of diagnosis until after chemotherapy, no significant differences were observed in the body weight (t = 4.694, P
< 0.001), BMI categories (χ
2 = 19.215, P = 0.001), and incidence of metabolic disorders (χ
2 = 24.841, P < 0.001); the BMI categories and weight change had no effect on the OS. Both univariate (χ
2 = 6.771, P = 0.009) and multivariate survival analyses (hazard ratio = 2.775, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.326–5.807, P = 0.007) showed that low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels at diagnosis had a negative impact on the OS. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the HDL-C level at diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] = 2.200, 95% CI: 0.996–4.859, P = 0.051) and metabolic disorders after chemotherapy (OR = 1.514, 95% CI: 1.047–2.189, P = 0.028) are risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer.

Conclusions:
Chemotherapy led to weight gain and aggravated the metabolic disorders in patients with breast cancer. Low HDL-C levels at diagnosis and metabolic disorders after chemotherapy may have negative effects on the OS and prognosis of patients with breast cancer.
Unilateral toxic anterior segment syndrome after immediate sequential bilateral phakic intraocular lens implantation
Authors: Balparda Kepa , Silva-Quintero Laura A. , Herrera-Chalarca Tatiana 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
The requirement to perform immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) is controversial. Most surgeons who do not adhere to this approach cite the possibility of bilateral complications occurring.

Patient and Clinical Findings:
A 35-year-old woman underwent bilateral implantation of phakic intraocular lenses the same day. She complained of pain and significantly decreased quality of vision in her right eye 12 hours postoperatively and was immediately examined. Physical examination of the right eye showed significant corneal edema extending from limbus to limbus and a dilated fixed pupil unresponsive to light.

Diagnosis, Intervention, and Outcomes:
Physical examination showed toxic anterior segment syndrome ensued in one eye. The complication was timely managed, preventing further damage to the eye. The contralateral eye showed no signs of complication.

Conclusions:
This case highlights that, when performed with utmost care, protocols designed to avoid bilateral occurrence of complications in same-day surgeries can work in the real-world settings. This is further evidence that ISBCS may not pose an additional risk to patients.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Individually Tailored Lifestyle Intervention in Patients With Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Beyece İncazli Seçil , Özer Serap , Kayikçioğlu Meral 
Published: March 2022

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a theoretically-based individually tailored lifestyle intervention on healthy lifestyle changes and improvement in disease management in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).

Methods
In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 120 patients with FH were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive education and counseling based upon the Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavioral Change (n = 60) or conventional clinical education (n = 60). All patients were evaluated for healthy lifestyle changes, adherence to therapy, lipid levels, blood pressure, body mass index, and waist measurement at baseline and at 12th and 24th weeks' visits.

Results
Motivational interviews resulted in a significant improvement in healthy lifestyle changes and treatment adherence in the intervention group. In addition, there were significant decreases in body mass index (−7.49%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−37.14%), and blood pressure (13.3%) in the intervention group.

Conclusions
Our results showed that an individually tailored lifestyle intervention was effective in facilitating healthy lifestyle changes and improvement in treatment adherence and in decreasing cardiovascular risk factors including cholesterol levels in patients with FH.