bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyamines protect boar sperm from oxidative stress in vitro
Authors: Li Rongnan , Wu Xiaodong , Zhu Zhendong , Lv Yinghua , Zheng Yi , Lu Hongzhao , Zhou Kaifeng , Wu De , Zeng Wenxian , Dong Wuzi , Zhang Tao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSperm are susceptible to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Spermine and spermidine are secreted in large amounts by the prostate and potent natural free radical scavengers and protect cells against redox disorder. Thus, we used boar sperm as a model to study the polyamines uptake and elucidate whether polyamines protected sperm from ROS stress. Seven mature and fertile Duroc boars (aged 15 to 30 mo) were used in this study. In experiment 1, spermine and spermidine (3.6 ± 0.3 and 3.3 ± 0.2 mmol/L, respectively) were abundant in seminal plasma, and the content of polyamine decreased (P &lt; 0.05) after preservation at 17 °C for 7 d or incubation at 37 °C for 6 h. In experiment 2, using labeling of spermine or spermidine by conjugation with fluorescein isothiocyanate and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, we found that the accumulation of spermine or spermidine in sperm was inhibited by quinidine and dl-tetrahydropalmatine (THP, organic cation transporters [OCT] inhibitors, P &lt; 0.05), but not mildronate and l-carnitine (organic cation/carnitine transporter [OCTN] inhibitors, P &gt; 0.05). In experiment 3, the addition of spermine or spermidine (0.5 mmol/L) in the extender resulted in higher motility, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity, and lower ROS level after preservation in vitro at 17 °C for 7 d (P &lt; 0.05). In experiment 4, in the condition of oxidative stress (treatment with H2O2 at 37 °C for 2 h), the addition of spermine (1 mmol/L) or spermidine (0.5 mmol/L) in extender increased activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase; reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione ratio (P &lt; 0.05); and alleviate oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) decline, adenosine triphosphate depletion, and intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) overload (P &lt; 0.05), thereby improving boar sperm motility, the integrity of plasma membrane and acrosome (P &lt; 0.05) in vitro. These data suggest that spermine and spermidine alleviate oxidative stress via the antioxidant capacity, thereby improving the efficacy of boar semen preservation.
Evaluation of Standardized Bait Trapping Approaches and Climatic Factors That Influence Wireworm Catch in the Canadian Prairies
Authors: Drahun Ivan , Hunt Katherine A , van Herk Willem G , Cassone Bryan J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Wireworms are significant pests of a variety of economically important crops grown in the Canadian Prairies. These soil-dwelling larvae of click beetles feed on and burrow into the accessible underground plant tissues, which can result in cosmetic injury, stunting, wilting, and plant death. Successful management of wireworms relies on accurate estimations of their abundance and activity in infested fields. Bait trapping is the most commonly used method for sampling wireworms and standardized approaches have been developed; however, little work has been done to optimize trapping efficacy in different geographical regions. In this study, we evaluated the effect of bait trapping duration, seed formulation, and the causal relationship with CO2 production and soil temperature on the wireworm catch in three fields located in Manitoba, Canada. As expected, wireworm catch increased with trapping duration and placing traps in ground for 8 d is adequate in most cases. Both barley and wheat were more effective baits than soybean; however, barley released more CO2 (i.e., an attractant for wireworms) and performed better at elevated soil temperatures. Overall, the results of this study will serve as valuable guidelines to improve current wireworm sampling methods, and can be integrated into strategies aimed at managing these important pests to crop production.
Cerambycid Pheromones 3,2-Hydroxyketones Affect Catches of Some Bark and Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Ethanol-Baited Multiple-Funnel Traps in Southeastern United States
Authors: Miller D R , Sweeney J D 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In 2012–2013, we assessed the interactive effects of the cerambycid pheromones syn-2,3-hexanediol, 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one, and 3-hydroxyoctan-2-one on catches of bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in ethanol-baited multiple-funnel traps in north Georgia and South Carolina. We found that catches for nine of eleven species of ambrosia beetles in ethanol-baited traps were either unaffected or enhanced by the addition of 3,2-hydroxyketones. Similarly catches of five species of bark beetles were either unaffected or enhanced by the addition of 3,2-hydroxyketones. In particular, catches of Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky), Cnestus mutilatus (Blandford), and Monarthrum fasciatum (Say) in ethanol-baited traps increased with the addition of 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one and/or 3-hydroxyoctan-2-one. Catches of the bark beetles Hylocurus rudis (LeConte) and Hypothenemus rotundicollis (Eichhoff) were enhanced by the addition of 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one and 3-hydroxyoctan-2-one, respectively. syn-2,3-Hexanediol had no effect on catches of bark and ambrosia beetles in ethanol-baited traps. Our data provide support for the use of ethanol + cerambycid pheromones for targeting non-native species of bark and ambrosia beetles as well as cerambycids in detection programs.
‘Going home when it was not home’: Jamais Vu in Nineteenth-Century British Fiction
Authors: Tett Sam 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Jamais vu’ is a strange mnemonic disturbance that we continue to experience today, though few of us know what to call it. French for ‘never seen,’ jamais vu is the opposite of déjà vu (‘already seen’), and is defined as the temporary inability to recognize familiar things, people, and/or contexts. This essay comprises, to my knowledge, the first literary history of jamais vu. I begin by describing the complex features of this mnemonic disturbance, and uncovering its lost Victorian scientific archive. Though jamais vu went without a name until the 1920s, I also find it hiding in plain sight in nineteenth-century novels as early as Jane Austen’s Mansfield Park, as well as in the work of Charles Dickens, William Makepeace Thackeray, George Eliot, and Elizabeth Gaskell. From here, I follow jamais vu’s trajectory from realist accounts of everyday life into mid-century representations of the haunted house, where it becomes something more than a mnemonic disturbance. By attending to literary representations of jamais vu avant la lettre, I demonstrate its importance not just as a lost Victorian scientific concept, but also as a rich interdisciplinary category that is of great interest to scholars of the nineteenth century and beyond. Specifically, I show that jamais vu was integral to the development and popularity of the Victorian gothic, through which movement it exceeded its status as a mnemonic disturbance, re-emerging as a pervasive modern affect that we have inherited from the Victorians.
Handwriting Kinematics in Patients with Schizophrenia Treated with Long-Acting Injectable Atypical Antipsychotics: Results From the ALPINE Study
Authors: Caligiuri Michael P , Weiden Peter J , Legedza Anna , Yagoda Sergey , Claxton Amy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHandwriting kinematics (HWKs) were assessed in the randomized controlled ALPINE study of 2 long-acting injectable antipsychotics started during an acute exacerbation of schizophrenia. This exploratory analysis examined the relationship between baseline HWKs and response to acute antipsychotic treatment. Adults with acute schizophrenia were assigned to aripiprazole lauroxil or paliperidone palmitate (groups combined for this analysis). Treatment response was defined as ≥20% reduction from baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score at week 4. Two HWK measures, peak velocity (decreases with greater dysfunction) and percentage of nonballistic movements (%NBM; increases with greater dysfunction), were captured in 4 handwriting tasks (complex loops, maximum speed circles, overlay circles, and left-right loops). Peak velocity and %NBM at baseline were compared between responders and nonresponders. The analysis included 143 patients (mean baseline PANSS total score, 94.5). PANSS responders (n = 67 [46.9%]) had a lower mean peak velocity (i.e., slower pen movements) on all HWK tasks at baseline compared with nonresponders (n = 76): complex loops, 8.8 versus 12.1 cm/s; maximum speed circles, 18.0 versus 23.7 cm/s; overlay circles, 12.6 versus 17.2 cm/s; and left-right loops, 11.2 versus 14.6 cm/s. PANSS responders had a greater %NBM on 3 tasks compared with nonresponders: complex loops, 57.1% versus 47.4%; overlay circles, 30.6% versus 24.3%; and left-right loops, 58.7% versus 47.0%. In this exploratory analysis, PANSS responders to aripiprazole lauroxil or paliperidone palmitate treatment at week 4 had lower baseline HWK movement velocities and greater baseline %NBM versus nonresponders, suggesting that baseline HWKs might predict response to these antipsychotic drugs.
Workflow Optimization for Identification of Female Germline or Oogonial Stem Cells in Human Ovarian Cortex Using Single-Cell RNA Sequence Analysis
Authors: Alberico Hannah , Fleischmann Zoë , Bobbitt Tyler , Takai Yasushi , Ishihara Osamu , Seki Hiroyuki , Anderson Richard A , Telfer Evelyn E , Woods Dori C , Tilly Jonathan L 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In 2004, the identification of female germline or oogonial stem cells (OSCs) that can support post–natal oogenesis in ovaries of adult mice sparked a major paradigm shift in reproductive biology. Although these findings have been independently verified, and further extended to include identification of OSCs in adult ovaries of many species ranging from pigs and cows to non–human primates and humans, a recent study rooted in single–cell RNA sequence analysis (scRNA-seq) of adult human ovarian cortical tissue claimed that OSCs do not exist, and that other groups working with OSCs following isolation by magnetic-assisted or fluorescence-activated cell sorting have mistaken perivascular cells (PVCs) for germ cells. Here we report that rare germ lineage cells with a gene expression profile matched to OSCs but distinct from that of other cells, including oocytes and PVCs, can be identified in adult human ovarian cortical tissue by scRNA-seq after optimization of analytical workflow parameters. Deeper cell-by-cell expression profiling also uncovered evidence of germ cells undergoing meiosis-I in adult human ovaries. Lastly, we show that, if not properly controlled for, PVCs can be inadvertently isolated during flow cytometry protocols designed to sort OSCs because of inherently high cellular autofluorescence. However, human PVCs and human germ cells segregate into distinct clusters following scRNA-seq due to non–overlapping gene expression profiles, which would preclude the mistaken identification and use of PVCs as OSCs during functional characterization studies.
Modernizing the NEURON Simulator for Sustainability, Portability, and Performance
Authors: Awile Omar , Kumbhar Pramod , Cornu Nicolas , Dura-Bernal Salvador , King James Gonzalo , Lupton Olli , Magkanaris Ioannis , McDougal Robert A. , Newton Adam J.H. , Pereira Fernando , Săvulescu Alexandru , Carnevale Nicholas T. , Lytton William W. , Hines Michael L. , Schürmann Felix 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe need for reproducible, credible, multiscale biological modeling has led to the development of standardized simulation platforms, such as the widely-used NEURON environment for computational neuroscience. Developing and maintaining NEURON over several decades has required attention to the competing needs of backwards compatibility, evolving computer architectures, the addition of new scales and physical processes, accessibility to new users, and efficiency and flexibility for specialists. In order to meet these challenges, we have now substantially modernized NEURON, providing continuous integration, an improved build system and release workflow, and better documentation. With the help of a new source-to-source compiler of the NMODL domain-specific language we have enhanced NEURON’s ability to run efficiently, via the CoreNEURON simulation engine, on a variety of hardware platforms, including GPUs. Through the implementation of an optimized in-memory transfer mechanism this performance optimized backend is made easily accessible to users, providing training and model-development paths from laptop to workstation to supercomputer and cloud platform. Similarly, we have been able to accelerate NEURON’s reaction-diffusion simulation performance through the use of just-in-time compilation. We show that these efforts have led to a growing developer base, a simpler and more robust software distribution, a wider range of supported computer architectures, a better integration of NEURON with other scientific workflows, and substantially improved performance for the simulation of biophysical and biochemical models.
Elevated p21 (CDKN1a) mediates β-thalassemia erythroid apoptosis but its loss does not improve β-thalassemic erythropoiesis
Authors: Menon Vijay , Lin Miao , Liang Raymond , Arif Tasleem , Menon Anagha , Breda Laura , Rivella Stefano , Ghaffari Saghi 
Published: March 2022

Abstractβ-thalassemias are common hemoglobinopathies due to mutations in the β-globin gene that lead to hemolytic anemias. Premature death of β-thalassemic erythroid precursors results in ineffective erythroid maturation, increased production of erythropoietin (Epo), expansion of erythroid progenitor compartment, extramedullary erythropoiesis and splenomegaly. However, the molecular mechanism of erythroid apoptosis in β-thalassemia is not well understood. Using a mouse model of β-thalassemia (Hbbth3/+), we show that dysregulated expression of Foxo3 transcription factor and its upstream pro-apoptotic regulator TP53 is implicated in β-thalassemia erythroid apoptosis. In Foxo3-/-/Hbbth3/+ mice, erythroid apoptosis is significantly reduced while erythroid cell maturation, red blood cell and hemoglobin production are substantially improved. However, persistence of elevated reticulocytes and splenomegaly suggests that ineffective erythropoiesis is not resolved in Foxo3-/-/Hbbth3/+. We next focused on cell cycle inhibitor Cdkn1a (p21) and show that p21 that is a target of both Foxo3 and TP53 is markedly upregulated in both mouse and patients-derived β-thalassemic erythroid precursors. To address the contribution of p21 to β-thalassemia pathophysiology, we generated p21-/-/Hbbth3/+ mice. Double mutant p21/Hbbth3/+ mice exhibited embryonic lethality with only a fraction of mice surviving to weaning. Notably, studies in adult mice showed apoptosis and circulating Epo were greatly reduced in erythroid compartments of surviving p21-/-/Hbbth3/+ relative to Hbbth3/+ mice, while ineffective erythroid cell maturation, extramedullary erythropoiesis and splenomegaly were not modified. These combined results indicate that while lack of Foxo3 reduces apoptosis and improves anemia, diminished p21-mediated apoptosis is insufficient to improve red blood cell production in Hbbth3/+ mice. They also suggest that a molecular network constituted by p21, FOXO3 and TP53, control erythroid cell survival and differentiation in β-thalassemia. Overall, these studies provide a new framework for investigating ineffective erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia.Key PointsElevated p21 mediates β-thalassemia erythroid cell apoptosisLoss of Foxo3 or p21 reduces β-thalassemia erythroid cell apoptosis but does not improve β-thalassemia ineffective erythropoiesisA network of Foxo3, p21 and TP53 controls β-thalassemia erythroid apoptosisApoptosis may be uncoupled from ineffective erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia
Development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for detection of the potato wart pathogen Synchytrium endobioticum
Authors: Jiang Junye , Feindel Will , Feindel David , Bajema Stacey , Feng Jie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPotato (Solanum tuberosum) wart, caused by the biotrophic fungal pathogen Synchytrium endobioticum, is a serious disease of cultivated potatoes. A rapid and accurate method for wart diagnosis is needed. In this study, we described the development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for the detection of S. endobioticum. Four sets of LAMP primers were designed. Their sensitivity was tested on a gBlock and the specificity of the most sensitive primer set (LAMP1) was verified by in silico analysis and on DNA of non-target species. The LAMP1 primer set showed a detection limit at 7-8 gBlock DNA molecules per reaction. On sensitivity, the LAMP was comparable to qPCR (SYBR green- and probe-based) and about 10 times more sensitive than conventional PCR. Considering the convenience of operation, the LAMP protocol is accurate and robust and should be recommended for the routine lab testing for potato wart.
Temporal and spatial dynamics mapping reveals follicle development regulated by different stromal cell populations
Authors: Sheng Xiaoqiang , Zhou Jidong , Kang Nannan , Liu Wenwen , Yu Lina , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Yang , Yue Qiuling , Yang Qiwen , Zhang Xinke , Li Chaojun , Yan Guijun , Sun Haixiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFollicle development is a complex dynamic process. The follicles are encapsulated in the stroma, and once the follicle develops, the follicle moves from the cortex to the medulla and finally to the cortex to ovulate in the process of continuous growth. Many of these processes cannot be explained with the follicle alone. Through single-cell and spatial transcriptome sequencing at key time points of follicular development in mice after birth, we found that ovarian stromal cells are not only one of the main cell groups that make up the ovary but that their cell population and spatial location are also closely related to follicular development. Through analysis of cell communication, it was found that ovarian stromal cells were the main transmitters of intercellular communication, and many of the signals they sent were received by granulosa cells and oocytes to participate in follicle development. Ovarian stromal cells are not a homogeneous cell population. We combined single cell types with their spatial location information to divide ovarian stromal cells into four types, namely, structural stromal cells, perifollicular stromal cells, stromal progenitor cells, and steroidogenic stromal cells, each of which plays a different function in follicle development. Indepth studies of the different spatial locations and different types of stromal cells will expand our understanding of follicle development dynamics, leading to new targets and novel approaches for the treatment of ovarian-related diseases.
Near Infrared-II Fluorescent protein for In-vivo Imaging
Authors: Chang Zong , Liu ChenChen , Zhao Shubi , Chen Jiaqi , Zhang Xiaoping , Tian Hanyu , Sun Qinchao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn vivo fluorescent imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II) provides an excellent approach for understanding the biological processes in substantially scattered tissue environments with reasonable temporal-spatial resolution. In spite of an enormous amount of organic and inorganic NIR-II fluorophores developed, there is no NIR-II fluorescent protein reported. Here, we present the first NIR-II fluorescent protein, IRFP1032 which exhibits strong exciton absorption and emission in the NIR-II region, with exciton extinction coefficient about 4.1 ×106 M-1cm-1 at the excitation maximum 1008 nm, emission maximum of 1032 nm, and emission quantum yield about 0.84%. The IRFP1032 is found to be the brightest NIR-II fluorophore ever reported (brightness of 3.4 × 104 M-1cm-1 in PBS) which is thousands-fold brighter than IR26 in DCM. Taking the advantage of the excellent photo-properties of the NIR-II fluorescent proteins, a collection of high-quality in vivo imaging research was realized, for instance, real time observation of blood flow dynamics, dual-channel imaging of the lymphatic/blood vessel network and the trajectories of single bacterial cell travelling in blood vessels. Moreover, a mammalian expression vector was constructed for the IRFP1032, and the corresponding NIR-II fluorescence was able to be recorded unambiguously. The promising NIR-II in vivo imaging properties of IRPF1032 demonstrated here would open a new scene in fluorescent protein-based imaging.
Effects of somatic mutations on cellular differentiation in iPSC models of neurodevelopment
Authors: Puigdevall Pau , Jerber Julie , Danecek Petr , Castellano Sergi , Kilpinen Helena 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) as models for development and human disease has enabled the study of otherwise inaccessible tissues. A remaining challenge in developing reliable models is our limited understanding of the factors driving irregular in vitro differentiation of iPSCs, particularly the impact of acquired somatic mutations. We leveraged data from a pooled dopaminergic neuron differentiation experiment of 238 iPSC lines profiled with single-cell and whole-exome sequencing to study how somatic mutations affect differentiation outcomes. Differentiation was tracked at three time points corresponding to neural progenitors, early neurons and mature neurons. We found that deleterious somatic mutations in key developmental genes, notably the BCOR gene, are strongly associated with failure in dopaminergic neuron differentiation, with lines carrying such mutations also showing larger proliferation rate in culture. We further identified broad differences in cell type composition between failed and successfully differentiating lines, as well as significant changes in gene expression contributing to the inhibition of neurogenesis, a functional process also targeted by deleterious mutations in failed lines. Our work highlights the need to routinely measure the burden of deleterious mutations in iPSC lines and calls for caution in interpreting differentiation-related phenotypes in disease-modelling experiments.
Ultrastructural analysis of wildtype and RIM1α knock-out active zones in a large cortical synapse
Authors: Lichter Katharina , Paul Mila Marie , Pauli Martin , Schoch Susanne , Kollmannsberger Philip , Stigloher Christian , Heckmann Manfred , Sirén Anna-Leena 
Published: March 2022

SummaryRab3A-interacting molecule (RIM) is crucial for fast Ca2+-triggered synaptic vesicle (SV) release in presynaptic active zones (AZ). While loss of RIM1α impairs long-term plasticity at hippocampal giant mossy fiber boutons (MFB), it remains unclear how AZ ultrastructure is altered. We investigated MFB AZ architecture in 3D using electron tomography of rapid cryo-immobilized acute brain slices in RIM1α-/- and wild-type mice. In RIM1α-/-, AZs are larger with increased synaptic cleft heights and with a three-fold reduced number of tightly docked SVs (0-2nm). The distance of tightly docked SVs to the AZ center is increased from 110 to 195 nm, and the width of their electron dense material between outer SV membrane and AZ membrane is reduced. Furthermore, the SV pool in RIM1α-/- is more heterogeneous. Thus, RIM1α, beside its role in tight SV docking, is crucial for synaptic architecture and vesicle pool organization in MFBs.