bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between longitudinal changes in sleep disturbance and depressive and anxiety symptoms during theCOVID‐19 virus pandemic among older women with and without breast cancer in the thinking and living with breast cancer study
Authors: Bethea Traci N. , Zhai Wanting , Zhou Xingtao , Ahles Tim A. , Ahn Jaeil , Cohen Harvey J. , Dilawari Asma A. , Graham Deena M. A. , Jim Heather S. L. , McDonald Brenna C. , Nakamura Zev M. , Patel Sunita K. , Rentscher Kelly E. , Root James , Saykin Andrew J. , Small Brent J. , Van Dyk Kathleen M. , Mandelblatt Jeanne S. , Carroll Judith E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeSeveral studies have reported sleep disturbances during the COVID‐19 virus pandemic. Little data exist about the impact of the pandemic on sleep and mental health among older women with breast cancer. We sought to examine whether women with and without breast cancer who experienced new sleep problems during the pandemic had worsening depression and anxiety.MethodsBreast cancer survivors aged ≥60 years with a history of nonmetastatic breast cancer (n = 242) and frequency‐matched noncancer controls (n = 158) active in a longitudinal cohort study completed a COVID‐19 virus pandemic survey from May to September 2020 (response rate 83%). Incident sleep disturbance was measured using the restless sleep item from the Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression Scale (CES‐D). CES‐D score (minus the sleep item) captured depressive symptoms; the State‐Anxiety subscale of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory measured anxiety symptoms. Multivariable linear regression models examined how the development of sleep disturbance affected changes in depressive or anxiety symptoms from the most recent prepandemic survey to the pandemic survey, controlling for covariates.ResultsThe prevalence of sleep disturbance during the pandemic was 22.3%, with incident sleep disturbance in 10% and 13.5% of survivors and controls, respectively. Depressive and anxiety symptoms significantly increased during the pandemic among women with incident sleep disturbance (vs. no disturbance) (β = 8.16,p < 0.01 andβ = 6.14,p < 0.01, respectively), but there were no survivor‐control differences in the effect.ConclusionDevelopment of sleep disturbances during the COVID‐19 virus pandemic may negatively affect older women's mental health, but breast cancer survivors diagnosed with the nonmetastatic disease had similar experiences as women without cancer.
HTLV‐1 Tax‐specific memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes in long‐term survivors of aggressive‐type adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma
Authors: Jo Tatsuro , Noguchi Kazuhiro , Sakai Takahiro , Kubota‐Koketsu Ritsuko , Irie Sadaharu , Matsuo Masatoshi , Taguchi Jun , Abe Kuniko , Shigematsu Kazuto 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeAdult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a relatively refractory peripheral T‐cell lymphoma caused by human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1). The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of long‐term survivors with ATLL.MethodsWe conducted an observational study of 75 aggressive‐type ATLL patients. Flow cytometry was conducted to analyze HTLV‐1 Tax‐specific cytotoxic T‐lymphocytes (CTLs) and T‐cell receptor Vβ gene repertoire.ResultsWe first evaluated six long‐term survivors among 37 patients who were newly diagnosed with ATLL and then treated with intensive chemotherapy without mogamulizumab, a monoclonal antibody for C‐C chemokine receptor four antigen. Reversal of the CD4‐to‐CD8 ratio (CD4/CD8) in peripheral mononuclear cells was observed in all six patients. Three of these six patients showed reversed CD4/CD8 immediately after herpes virus infection. Four of these six patients who could be examined demonstrated long‐term maintenance of HTLV‐1 Tax‐specific CTLs. We subsequently identified four long‐term survivors among 38 patients who were newly diagnosed with ATLL and then treated with intensive chemotherapy plus mogamulizumab. All four patients showed reversed CD4/CD8, and three of the four patients contracted herpes virus infection during immunochemotherapy. Six of the total 10 patients were subjected to CTL analyses. Tax‐specific CTLs were observed, and the CTLs that were almost entirely composed of memory CTLs in all patients were recorded. HTLV‐1 provirus was also detected in all six patients.ConclusionsThese data suggest that Tax‐specific memory CTLs probably, together with anticancer agents, eradicate ATLL cells and exhibit long‐term preventive effects from relapse ATLL. Thus, the strong activation of cellular immunity, such as herpes virus infection, seems to be necessary to induce such a potent number of Tax‐specific CTLs.
The cancer survival index—A prognostic score integrating psychosocial and biological factors in patients diagnosed with cancer or haematologic malignancies
Authors: Gaiger Alexander , Lubowitzki Simone , Krammer Katharina , Zeilinger Elisabeth L. , Acel Andras , Cenic Olivera , Schrott Andrea , Unseld Matthias , Rassoulian Anahita Paula , Skrabs Cathrin , Valent Peter , Gisslinger Heinz , Marosi Christine , Preusser Matthias , Prager Gerald , Kornek Gabriela , Pirker Robert , Steger Günther G. , Bartsch Rupert , Raderer Markus , Simonitsch‐Klupp Ingrid , Thalhammer Renate , Zielinski Christoph , Jäger Ulrich 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to investigate whether (1) psychological and social indicators influence survival in patients diagnosed with cancer or haematologic malignancies when important biological aspects are controlled for, (2) psychological, social and biological indicators can be utilised to design one collated index for survival, usable in clinical practice to identify patients at risk of shorter survival and to improve personalised healthcare provision.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 2263 patients with cancer or haematologic malignancies participated. We analysed 15 biological, psychological and social indicators as risk factors for survival with a Cox proportional hazards model. Indicators significantly associated with survival were combined to compute models for the identification of patient groups with different risks of death. The training sample contained 1122 patients. Validation samples included the remaining 1141 patients, the total sample, as well as groups with different cancer entities.ResultsFive indicators were found to significantly impact survival: Cancer site (HR: 3.56), metastatic disease (HR: 1.88), symptoms of depression (HR: 1.34), female sex (HR: 0.73) and anaemia (HR: 0.48). Combining these indicators to a model, we developed the Cancer Survival Index, identifying three distinct groups of patients with estimated survival times of 47.2 months, 141 months and 198.2 months (p < 0.001). Post hoc analysis of the influence of depression on survival showed a mediating effect of the following four factors, related to both depression and survival: previous psychiatric conditions, employment status, metastatic disease and haemoglobin levels.ConclusionsPsychosocial and biological factors impact survival in various malignancies and can be utilised jointly to compute an index for estimating the survival of each patient individually—the Cancer Survival Index.
Chemical and Biological Tools for the Study of Voltage‐Gated Sodium Channels in Electrogenesis and Nociception
Authors: Elleman Anna V. , Du Bois J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe malfunction and misregulation of voltage‐gated sodium channels (NaVs) underlie in large part the electrical hyperexcitability characteristic of chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain. NaVs are responsible for the initiation and propagation of electrical impulses (action potentials) in cells. Tissue and nerve injury alter the expression and localization of multiple NaV isoforms, including NaV1.1, 1.3, and 1.6–1.9, resulting in aberrant action potential firing patterns. To better understand the role of NaV regulation, localization, and trafficking in electrogenesis and pain pathogenesis, a number of chemical and biological reagents for interrogating NaV function have been advanced. The development and application of such tools for understanding NaV physiology are the focus of this review.
Possible association of Typhoon Hagibis and the COVID‐19 pandemic on patient delay in breast cancer patients: A case report
Authors: Kaneda Yudai , Ozaki Akihiko , Wada Masahiro , Kurokawa Tomohiro , Sawano Toyoaki , Tsubokura Masaharu , Tanimoto Tetsuya , Kanemoto Yoshiaki , Ejiri Tomozo , Kanzaki Norio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLittle is known on how different types of disasters interact in their impacts on patient care. We experienced a breast cancer patient whose initial presentation was delayed for 2 years due to the COVID‐19 pandemic and Typhoon Hagibis. Increasing awareness is needed on the combined impacts of disasters on breast cancer management.
A Self‐Formed Stable PbI2/NiOx Interface with Increased Ni3+ Centers for Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Zhang Fan , Zhou Ziren , Zou Can , Liu Xinyi , Xie Jin , Liu Da , Yang Shuang , Hou Yu , Yang Hua Gui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNickel oxide (NiOx) is a promising hole transport material (HTM) for perovskite photovoltaics owing to its chemical stability and low cost. However, most NiOx based solar cells deliver relatively weak performance because of its insufficient electrical property and interfacial contact. In this work, a self‐formed PbI2/NiOx interface was developed to stabilize the Ni3+ centers, which was beneficial for electrical transport and band alignment in perovskite solar cells. Combined with ultraviolet ozone treatment (UVO) and sequential deposition, the density of Ni3+ centers was greatly increased and could be stabilized by the PbI2 interface. These merits contributed coordinately to the fast hole extraction and low energy loss across the PbI2/NiOx interface, yielding power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 19 %.
Chiral stationary phases and applications in gas chromatography
Authors: Betzenbichler Gloria , Huber Laura , Kräh Sabrina , Morkos Marie‐Louise K. , Siegle Alexander F. , Trapp Oliver 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChiral compounds are ubiquitous in nature and play a pivotal role in biochemical processes, in chiroptical materials and applications, and as chiral drugs. The analysis and determination of the enantiomeric ratio (er) of chiral compounds is of enormous scientific, industrial, and economic importance. Chiral separation techniques and methods have become indispensable tools to separate chiral compounds into their enantiomers on an analytical as well on a preparative level to obtain enantiopure compounds. Chiral gas chromatography and high‐performance liquid chromatography have paved the way and fostered several research areas, that is, asymmetric synthesis and catalysis in organic, medicinal, pharmaceutical, and supramolecular chemistry. The development of highly enantioselective chiral stationary phases was essential. In particular, the elucidation and understanding of the underlying enantioselective supramolecular separation mechanisms led to the design of new chiral stationary phases. This review article focuses on the development of chiral stationary phases for gas chromatography. The fundamental mechanisms of the recognition and separation of enantiomers and the selectors and chiral stationary phases used in chiral gas chromatography are presented. An overview over syntheses and applications of these chiral stationary phases is presented as a practical guidance for enantioselective separation of chiral compound classes and substances by gas chromatography.
Effect of Colonic Absorption on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of Delayed‐Release and Extended‐Release Methylphenidate: In Vivo, In Vitro, and Modeling Evaluations
Authors: Incledon Bev , Incledon Chantal , Gomeni Roberto , Uchida Cassandra L. , Morris Amy , Perry Kim , Kapuscinski Jill 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMost stimulants used to treat attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder are administered in the morning and absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract. DR/ER‐MPH (formerly HLD200), an evening‐dosed delayed‐release and extended‐release methylphenidate, is predicted to be absorbed in the proximal colon. The pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of DR/ER‐MPH is characterized by an 8‐ to 10‐hour delay in initial methylphenidate absorption and a subsequent gradual increase in plasma concentration, followed by a slow decline. To examine the relationship of absorption site to pharmacokinetics, the DR/ER‐MPH formulation was altered to release methylphenidate in the small intestine and distal colon. The 3 formulations were administered in an open‐label, 3‐way, crossover study in healthy adults (N = 18). Compared with the small intestine formulation, the PK profile of the proximal colon (DR/ER‐MPH) formulation exhibited a longer delay before initial methylphenidate absorption, decreased peak methylphenidate concentration, increased time to peak concentration, and decreased bioavailability; these characteristics were amplified in the distal colon formulation. Safety profiles fell within the expectations for methylphenidate products. Modeled PK profiles were similar between the small intestine formulation and a morning‐dosed extended‐release methylphenidate (both predicted to release methylphenidate in the upper gastrointestinal tract), providing additional evidence that the PK profile of DR/ER‐MPH is shaped by colonic absorption.
The Dynamic Covalent Chemistry of Amidoboronates: Tuning the rac5/rac6 Ratio via the B−N and B−O Dynamic Covalent Bonds
Authors: Harders Patrick , Griebenow Thomas , Businski Artjom , Kaus Anton J. , Pietsch Lorenz , Näther Christian , McConnell Anna J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the group of Anna J. McConnell and Christian Näther from Christian‐Albrechts‐Universität zu Kiel, Germany. The cover picture shows an amidoboronate puzzle divided into four quarters that represent four possible amidoboronates. How do these amidoboronates interconvert? The right combination of aniline (yellow circles) and catechol (grey and purple circles) pieces solves this conundrum and the amidoboronates interconvert via dynamic covalent B‐N (left to right) and B‐O bonds (top to bottom). More information can be found in the Research Article by Anna J. McConnell and co‐workers.
Greater sage‐grouse respond positively to intensive post‐fire restoration treatments
Authors: Poessel Sharon A. , Barnard David M. , Applestein Cara , Germino Matthew J. , Ellsworth Ethan A. , Major Don , Moser Ann , Katzner Todd E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHabitat loss is the most prevalent threat to biodiversity in North America. One of the most threatened landscapes in the United States is the sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystem, much of which has been fragmented or converted to non‐native grasslands via the cheatgrass‐fire cycle. Like many sagebrush obligates, greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) depend upon sagebrush for food and cover and are affected by changes to this ecosystem. We investigated habitat selection by 28 male greater sage‐grouse during each of 3 years after a 113,000‐ha wildfire in a sagebrush steppe ecosystem in Idaho and Oregon. During the study period, seeding and herbicide treatments were applied for habitat restoration. We evaluated sage‐grouse responses to vegetation and post‐fire restoration treatments. Throughout the 3 years post‐fire, sage‐grouse avoided areas with high exotic annual grass cover but selected strongly for recovering sagebrush and moderately strongly for perennial grasses. By the third year post‐fire, they preferred high‐density sagebrush, especially in winter when sagebrush is the primary component of the sage‐grouse diet. Sage‐grouse preferred forb habitat immediately post‐fire, especially in summer, but this selection preference was less strong in later years. They also selected areas that were intensively treated with herbicide and seeded with sagebrush, grasses, and forbs, although these responses varied with time since treatment. Wildfire can have severe consequences for sagebrush‐obligate species due to loss of large sagebrush plants used for food and for protection from predators and thermal extremes. Our results show that management efforts, including herbicide application and seeding of plants, directed at controlling exotic annual grasses after a wildfire can positively affect habitat selection by sage‐grouse.
Aboveground competition influences density‐dependent effects of cordgrass on sediment biogeochemistry
Authors: Walker Janet B. , Rinehart Shelby , Greenberg‐Pines Gabriel , White Wendi K. , DeSantiago Ric , Lipson David A. , Long Jeremy D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInterspecific interactions between plants influence plant phenotype, distribution, abundance, and community structure. Each of these can, in turn, impact sediment biogeochemistry. Although the population and community level impacts of these interactions have been extensively studied, less is known about their effect on sediment biogeochemistry. This is surprising given that many plants are categorized as foundation species that exert strong control on community structure. In southern California salt marshes, we used clipping experiments to manipulate aboveground neighbor presence to study interactions between two dominant plants, Pacific cordgrass (Spartina foliosa) and perennial pickleweed (Sarcocornia pacifica). We also measured how changes in cordgrass stem density influenced sediment biogeochemistry. Pickleweed suppressed cordgrass stem density but had no effect on aboveground biomass. For every cordgrass stem lost per square meter, porewater ammonium increased 0.3–1.0 µM. Thus, aboveground competition with pickleweed weakened the effects of cordgrass on sediment biogeochemistry. Predictions about plant–soil feedbacks, especially under future climate scenarios, will be improved when plant–plant interactions are considered, particularly those containing dominant and foundation species.
Leveraging remote learning during the Covid‐19 pandemic to enhance student understanding of biodiversity
Authors: Weilhoefer Christine L. , Schmits Sarah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe evaluated whether individual nature‐based ecological (NBE) study used in tandem with group collaboration enhanced undergraduate student understanding of ecological concepts and pro‐environmental perceptions. In response to the Covid‐19 pandemic, we developed a multiweek unit on the latitude diversity gradient (LDG) for fully online instruction that leveraged the unique situation of students learning in disparate geographic locations. Student understanding of the LDG and pro‐environmental perceptions were assessed with surveys administered both pre‐ and post‐activity in an introductory‐level biology laboratory course. Student understanding of the geographic location where biodiversity is the highest was high prior to the start of the laboratory unit and exhibited only a small improvement after the unit. In contrast, students’ higher order thinking around the LDG was enhanced by the lab activity. Student environmental perceptions shifted toward ecocentric views and away from anthropocentric views after the laboratory unit. The greatest gains in ecological understanding and shifts toward ecocentric viewpoints occurred in the group of students who visited their field sites most often. Our results provide further evidence as to the value of NBE for the introductory biology laboratory, even in an online learning setting. The lab unit described in this study provides a potential approach to teaching ecology in an online format that could easily be adapted to fit the needs of a particular curriculum.
Nested structure is dependent on visitor sex in the flower‒visitor networks in Kyoto, Japan
Authors: Kishi Shigeki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe characteristics of flower‒visitor networks, comprised of multiple species interacting with each other, predict ecological and evolutionary processes. Intraspecific and interspecific variations in interaction patterns should affect network structures. Because female and male visitors usually differ in flower‐visiting patterns due to mating strategy, visitor sex should affect nestedness, in which specialist species interact with a subset of species that interact with generalist species. I hypothesized that a network of male visitors and flowering plants would be more nested than a female network because males are less picky about which flowers they visit. To examine the effect of visitor sex on nestedness, I used museum specimens of insects and built 11 flower–visitor species networks, each composed of female and male subnetworks, and compared the strength of nestedness and related network metrics between the subnetworks. I found that male subnetworks were significantly more nested than female ones, and species networks were less nested than male or female subnetworks. The result may be attributable to the by‐chance selection of flowers by males. Because a nested structure is predicted to promote community stability in mutualistic flower–visitor networks, the greater nestedness of male subnetworks may suggest a positive effect of male visitors on pollination community stability.
Causal drivers of climate‐mediated coral reef regime shifts
Authors: Arif Suchinta , Graham Nicholas A. J. , Wilson Shaun , MacNeil M. Aaron 
Published: March 2022

AbstractClimate‐induced coral bleaching events are a leading threat to coral reef ecosystems and can result in coral–macroalgal regime shifts that are difficult to reverse. It is unclear how different factors causally influence regime shift or recovery trajectories after a bleaching event. Here, we use structural causal modeling (SCM) and its application of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to determine how key factors affect regime shift versus recovery potential across coral reefs in Seychelles, which were severely impacted by bleaching events in 1998 and 2016. Our causal models reveal additional causal drivers of regime shifts, including initial macroalgal cover, wave exposure, and branching coral cover. We also find that reduced depth and structural complexity and increased nutrients increase the likelihood of regime shifting. Further, we use a DAG‐informed predictive model to show how recovering reefs are expected to change after a recent 2016 bleaching event, suggesting that three out of 12 recovering reefs are expected to regime shift given their predisturbance conditions. Collectively, our results provide the first causally grounded analysis of how different factors influence postbleaching regime shift versus recovery potential on coral reefs. More broadly, SCM stands apart from previous observational analysis and provides a strong framework for causal inference across other observational ecological studies.