bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fortification of foods with nano-iron: its uptake and potential toxicity: current evidence, controversies, and research gaps
Authors: Ghosh Ruchira , Arcot Jayashree 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Iron fortification is a very popular practice in several countries, particularly in countries in which a large proportion of the population is suffering from iron deficiency, as in lower-middle-income countries. Food fortification with iron salts is a difficult operation, because most iron complexes (ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride) are water soluble, which can cause undesirable alterations to the sensory properties of the food carriers. On the other hand, insoluble iron salts (eg, ferric pyrophosphate) do not have an unpleasant taste or color, but their bioavailability is low. These issues can be addressed with iron nanoparticles. The small particle size has been shown to have a significant impact on iron absorption. Iron nanoparticles with smaller particle sizes have more surface area, which improves their solubility in gastric juice and leads to better bioavailability. When compared with water-soluble iron complexes, nano-sized iron compounds generate negligible organoleptic alterations in food carriers. As a result, iron nanoparticles could be potentially used in food fortification to minimize iron-deficiency anemia. This review focuses on the absorption pathway and the toxicity of various forms of iron nanoparticles. In vitro cell studies and animal studies indicate that nano-sized iron particles can be taken up either by the Divalent Metal Transporter 1 pathway or the endocytic pathway. Nano-sized ferric phosphate and iron(III) oxo hydroxide show the most promising results, based on recent studies on fortification. To date, there are insufficient studies on the maximum intake level and potential adverse effects. Further extensive work is essential before introducing nano-iron compounds as food fortificants.
Plasma Epstein-Barr Virus MicroRNA BART8-3p as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Lin Cheng , Lin Keyu , Zhang Bin , Su Ying , Guo Qiaojuan , Lu Tianzhu , Xu Yuanji , Lin Shaojun , Zong Jingfeng , Pan Jianji 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundNasopharyngeal carcinoma is an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated tumor that is highly common in southern China. Our previous sequencing data demonstrated that the EBV-encoded microRNA BART8-3p was most upregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and was closely associated with the metastasis of NPC. However, the values of plasma BART8-3p in NPC patients have not yet been well characterized.Material and MethodsWe quantified plasma BART8-3p expression by quantitative real-time PCR in 205 newly diagnosed NPC patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare overall survival (OS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and locoregional relapse-free survival (LRRFS) between the groups.ResultsPlasma pretreatment BART8-3p was highly expressed in NPC patients compared with healthy controls. Pretreatment BART8-3p yielded a 92% predictive value for detecting NPC. Importantly, BART8-3p decreased dramatically after therapy relative to pretreatment levels. High levels of pretreatment or post-treatment BART8-3p were associated with worse OS, DMFS, and LRRFS. Multivariate analysis showed that high pretreatment or post-treatment BART8-3p was an independent unfavorable prognostic marker for OS (HR 3.82, 95% CI 1.77-8.24, P = .001 or HR 2.74, 95% CI 1.27-5.91, P = .010), DMFS (HR 2.82, 95% CI 1.36-5.85, P = .005 or HR 3.27, 95% CI 1.57-6.81, P = .002), and LRRFS (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.12-3.35, P = .018 or HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.14-3.62, P = .016) in NPC. Subgroup analysis revealed that for patients with locally advanced NPC with high levels of pretreatment BART8-3p (n = 58), more cycles of chemotherapy (≥6 cycles) tended to prolong OS (P = .070). Over 50% (6/11) patients with high levels of post-treatment BART8-3p presented distant metastasis.ConclusionPlasma BART8-3p is a promising biomarker for the detection and prognosis of NPC.
Survival After Induction Chemotherapy and Chemoradiation Versus Chemoradiation and Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Kim Jin K , Marco Michael R , Roxburgh Campbell S D , Chen Chin-Tung , Cercek Andrea , Strombom Paul , Temple Larissa K F , Nash Garrett M , Guillem Jose G , Paty Philip B , Yaeger Rona , Stadler Zsofia K , Gonen Mithat , Segal Neil H , Reidy Diane L , Varghese Anna , Shia Jinru , Vakiani Efsevia , Wu Abraham J , Romesser Paul B , Crane Christopher H , Gollub Marc J , Saltz Leonard , Smith J Joshua , Weiser Martin R , Patil Sujata , Garcia-Aguilar Julio 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) improves tumor response in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients compared to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy alone. The effect of TNT on patient survival has not been fully investigated.

Materials and Methods
This was a retrospective case series of patients with LARC at a comprehensive cancer center. Three hundred and eleven patients received chemoradiotherapy (chemoRT) as the sole neoadjuvant treatment and planned adjuvant chemotherapy, and 313 received TNT (induction fluorouracil and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting). These patients then underwent total mesorectal excision or were entered in a watch-and-wait protocol. The proportion of patients with complete response (CR) after neoadjuvant therapy (defined as pathological CR or clinical CR sustained for 2 years) was compared by the χ2 test. Disease-free survival (DFS), local recurrence-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and overall survival were assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test. Cox regression models were used to further evaluate DFS.

Results
The rate of CR was 20% for chemoRT and 27% for TNT (P=.05). DFS, local recurrence-free survival, metastasis-free survival, and overall survival were no different. Disease-free survival was not associated with the type of neoadjuvant treatment (hazard ratio [HR] 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93-1.80; P = .12).

Conclusions
Although TNT does not prolong survival than neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus intended postoperative chemotherapy, the higher response rate associated with TNT may create opportunities to preserve the rectum in more patients with LARC.
Impact of Therapy in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies on Seroconversion Rates After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination
Authors: Guven Deniz C , Sahin Taha K , Akın Serkan , Uckun Fatih M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The leading professional organizations in the field of hematology have recommended severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) vaccination for all patients with hematologic malignancies notwithstanding efficacy concerns. Here we report a systematic literature review regarding the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with hematologic malignancies and its key determinants.

Methods
We conducted a systematic search of original articles evaluating the seroconversion rates with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in hematological malignancies from the PubMed database published between April 1, 2021 and December 4, 2021. Calculated risk differences (RD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to compare seroconversion rates between patients with hematologic malignancies versus healthy control subjects used the Review Manager software, version 5.3.

Results
In our meta-analysis, we included 26 studies with control arms. After the first dose of vaccination, patients with hematologic malignancies had significantly lower seroconversion rates than controls (33.3% vs 74.9%; RD: −0.48%, 95% CI: −0.60%, −0.36%, P &lt; .001). The seroconversion rates increased after the second dose, although a significant difference remained between these 2 groups (65.3% vs 97.8%; RD: −0.35%, 95% CI: −0.42%, −0.28%, P &lt; .001). This difference in seroconversion rates was particularly pronounced for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) patients (RD: −0.46%, 95% CI: −0.56, −0.37, P &lt; .001), and for patients with B-lineage leukemia/lymphoma treated with anti-CD20 antibodies (RD: −0.70%, 95% CI: −0.88%, −0.51%, P &lt; .001) or Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (BTKi; RD: −0.63%, 95% CI: −0.85%, −0.41%, P &lt; .001). The RD was lower for patients under remission (RD: −0.10%, 95% CI: −0.18%, −0.02%, P = .01).

Conclusion
The seroconversion rates following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with hematologic malignancies, especially in CLL patients and patients treated with anti-CD20 antibodies or BTKi, were significantly lower than the seroconversion rates in healthy control subjects. Effective strategies capable of improving vaccine efficacy in these vulnerable patient populations are urgently needed.
Quantitative Measurement and the Production of Meaning
Authors: Vera Héctor 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter analyzes how social scientists produce and employ measurements and quantification. It applies insights from symbolic interactionism and cognitive sociology to interrogate underlying assumptions of quantitative measurement, to show how researchers work to assign meaning to measures, and to depict measurement as an intersubjective accomplishment. The chapter develops three main ideas: 1) Measurement is a socio-cognitive operation. It is a radical form of single-mindedness, a mental attitude that focuses on one aspect of a multiform reality at the expense of anything else. Measurement produces quantitative differences among qualitatively fluid realities, and communities use those quantitative differences to demarcate and segregate entities in the qualitative continuum of reality. 2) Quantification is the result of meaningful interactions among people who work to assign meaning to different forms of measurements, and these measurements function as instruments that define situations and construct realities. 3) Measurements are the result of a cooperative effort in a network of people who act collectively and are organized through conventional means of doing things. Quantitative methods are an important part of the bank of knowledge that helps social scientists to coordinate large numbers of interrelated people who work at great social distances.
Environmental Justice, Climate Justice, and Animal Liberation
Movements
Authors: Pellow David N. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Comparative scholarship that examines the intersections and tensions among animal rights, environmental justice, and climate justice movements is sorely needed because of the clear overlapping interests among these political formations and the potentially high impact of these movements converging in either discursive or material registers, or both. While points of conflict will continue to shape interactions and avoidances among key stakeholders in these communities, the author argues that they are also a source for advancing important intellectual and political agendas. This chapter takes up this challenge and offers conceptual and empirical resources for better understanding the divisions among these movements as well as the importance of the collaborations and intersections that have been realized.
Feminist Judging
Authors: Kalsem Kristin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Since the 1980s, feminists have been theorizing about what feminism means and should mean in the context of judging. Different philosophies have informed scholarly and advocacy efforts to address institutional gender bias in the courts, with priorities and strategies shifting over time. Initiatives have expanded to include calls for greater diversity on the bench and improving the process of dispensing justice. This chapter begins by canvassing multiple reasons why more “outsider” judges, marked by gender, race, ethnicity, and other marginalized identities, are desirable. It then examines the ideal of “feminist judging,” concluding with two recent scholarly projects that integrate feminist judging into real-world practices of the judiciary. One project involves training judges using methods of legal participatory action research, a community-based research paradigm that takes a bottom-up approach; the other Feminist Judgments project reimagines landmark legal cases through the rewriting of judicial opinions from feminist perspectives.
Could Assistance Dogs Improve Well-Being for Aboriginal Peoples Living With Disability?
Authors: Bennett Bindi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Aboriginal Peoples with a disability experience greater intersectional discrimination and social inequality that impacts their social health and well-being. Research has shown that interactions with animals can greatly improve human physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. Rates of disability continue to be much higher in Aboriginal communities than among the general Australian population. The reasons for this overrepresentation may be due to racial discrimination, the use of a deficit model in Western interventions and systems, and the social construction of disability in Western understandings. This chapter explores how dogs may be utilized for Aboriginal Peoples with a disability to improve their health and well-being. Dogs have been proven to be effective in many fields of practice, including disability, and may be pivotal for Aboriginal Peoples in providing social and emotional support that has the capacity to circumvent the systemic racism present in (human) institutional practices of care.
The Literature of Peace
Authors: Rader Pamela J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the tradition of novels as vehicles for social change, The Sympathizer by Viet Thanh Nguyen offers a Vietnamese American refugee’s perspective on the war waged on Vietnamese soil. This fictional confessional chronicles the lasting devastation of war, cultural imperialism, and nationalism through its eponymous, biracial, double-agent narrator who subscribes to the loyalty of two brothers instead of the two countries he serves. In the process of his re-education or writing his confession, he produces a manuscript, or parody, whose admissions “were exercises in fiction.” Art, specifically fiction, becomes an act of resistance to assert the loss of individualism and freedom of thought in promoting a culture of peace.
Classroom Assessment Tasks as a Source of Motivational Messages
Authors: Barnes Nicole C. , Fives Helenrose , Coombs Andrew 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this scoping article, the authors summarize the extant research on students’ achievement motivation and classroom summative assessment events. The purpose is to understand the ways that different assessment tasks and assessment-related conditions can send motivational messages to students. The authors begin by summarizing two frameworks to illustrate how motivation operates in classroom assessment events. Then the authors present their findings organized into three major categories: overview of articles reviewed, task-focused investigations, and conditions-focused investigations. The goal is to provide a rich description of what is known in the field about relations among assessment tasks, assessment condition, and students’ motivation. A recurring theme in the article is the significance of the entire assessment event, from design to implementation to understanding how classroom assessments send motivational messages to students. In response, the authors call for greater collaboration across fields of educational research so that the integration of assessment and motivation theory can be intentional and lead to the development of sound recommendations for practice.
The Impossible Reformation: Protestant Europe and the Greek Orthodox Church
Authors: Calis Richard 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article identifies one of the great but unstudied paradoxes in the history of early modern global Christianity: that the stronger the desire for a uniform Christian way of life burned, the deeper the fractures between different Christian denominations began to grow. It explores this issue by examining the learned exchanges between the infamous Greek Orthodox Patriarch Cyril Lucaris (1572–1638) and members of the Dutch Reformed Church. These efforts have often been seen as an expression of Christian ecumenism or as evidence that the early modern Middle East had become yet another arena for Catholic–Protestant rivalry. But once motivations on both sides are placed in the distinctly local religious climate that fostered them neither of these explanatory paradigms suffices. On the contrary: a decentred approach to this material reveals how Protestant and Eastern Christian understandings of what reform meant and how it could be attained were completely distinct and irreconcilable. It is thus imperative to resist any simple application to Middle Eastern Christianity of categories rooted in European Christian traditions and, instead, to tease out how different Christian denominations defined reform differently. Only then can we make good on our commitment to approach early modern global Christianity as a pluriform and multi-centred phenomenon.
Phosphorylation of RNA Polymerase II by CDKC;2 Maintains the Arabidopsis Circadian Clock Period
Authors: Uehara Takahiro N , Nonoyama Takashi , Taki Kyomi , Kuwata Keiko , Sato Ayato , Fujimoto Kazuhiro J , Hirota Tsuyoshi , Matsuo Hiromi , Maeda Akari E , Ono Azusa , Takahara Tomoaki T , Tsutsui Hiroki , Suzuki Takamasa , Yanai Takeshi , Kay Steve A , Itami Kenichiro , Kinoshita Toshinori , Yamaguchi Junichiro , Nakamichi Norihito 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The circadian clock is an internal timekeeping system that governs about 24 h biological rhythms of a broad range of developmental and metabolic activities. The clocks in eukaryotes are thought to rely on lineage-specific transcriptional–translational feedback loops. However, the mechanisms underlying the basic transcriptional regulation events for clock function have not yet been fully explored. Here, through a combination of chemical biology and genetic approaches, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II by CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE C; 2 (CDKC;2) is required for maintaining the circadian period in Arabidopsis. Chemical screening identified BML-259, the inhibitor of mammalian CDK2/CDK5, as a compound lengthening the circadian period of Arabidopsis. Short-term BML-259 treatment resulted in decreased expression of most clock-associated genes. Development of a chemical probe followed by affinity proteomics revealed that BML-259 binds to CDKC;2. Loss-of-function mutations of cdkc;2 caused a long period phenotype. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the CDKC;2 immunocomplex phosphorylates the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II, and BML-259 inhibits this phosphorylation. Collectively, this study suggests that transcriptional activity maintained by CDKC;2 is required for proper period length, which is an essential feature of the circadian clock in Arabidopsis.
Translation initiation landscape profiling reveals hidden open-reading frames required for the pathogenesis of tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus
Authors: Chiu Ching-Wen , Li Ya-Ru , Lin Cheng-Yuan , Yeh Hsin-Hung , Liu Ming-Jung 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Plant viruses with densely packed genomes employ noncanonical translational strategies to increase the coding capacity for viral function. However, the diverse translational strategies used make it challenging to define the full set of viral genes. Here, using tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (TYLCTHV, genus Begomovirus) as a model system, we identified genes beyond the annotated gene sets by experimentally profiling in vivo translation initiation sites (TISs). We found that unanticipated AUG TISs were prevalent and determined that their usage involves alternative transcriptional and/or translational start sites and is associated with flanking mRNA sequences. Specifically, two downstream in-frame TISs were identified in the viral gene AV2. These TISs were conserved in the begomovirus lineage and led to the translation of different protein isoforms localized to cytoplasmic puncta and at the cell periphery, respectively. In addition, we found translational evidence of an unexplored gene, BV2. BV2 is conserved among TYLCTHV isolates and localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and plasmodesmata. Mutations of AV2 isoforms and BV2 significantly attenuated disease symptoms in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). In conclusion, our study pinpointing in vivo TISs untangles the coding complexity of a plant viral genome and, more importantly, illustrates the biological significance of the hidden open-reading frames encoding viral factors for pathogenicity.
LeafNet: a tool for segmenting and quantifying stomata and pavement cells
Authors: Li Shaopeng , Li Linmao , Fan Weiliang , Ma Suping , Zhang Cheng , Kim Jang Chol , Wang Kun , Russinova Eugenia , Zhu Yuxian , Zhou Yu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Stomata play important roles in gas and water exchange in leaves. The morphological features of stomata and pavement cells are highly plastic and are regulated during development. However, it is very laborious and time-consuming to collect accurate quantitative data from the leaf surface by manual phenotyping. Here, we introduce LeafNet, a tool that automatically localizes stomata, segments pavement cells (to prepare them for quantification), and reports multiple morphological parameters for a variety of leaf epidermal images, especially bright-field microscopy images. LeafNet employs a hierarchical strategy to identify stomata using a deep convolutional network and then segments pavement cells on stomata-masked images using a region merging method. LeafNet achieved promising performance on test images for quantifying different phenotypes of individual stomata and pavement cells compared with six currently available tools, including StomataCounter, Cellpose, PlantSeg, and PaCeQuant. LeafNet shows great flexibility, and we improved its ability to analyze bright-field images from a broad range of species as well as confocal images using transfer learning. Large-scale images of leaves can be efficiently processed in batch mode and interactively inspected with a graphic user interface or a web server (https://leafnet.whu.edu.cn/). The functionalities of LeafNet could easily be extended and will enhance the efficiency and productivity of leaf phenotyping for many plant biologists.
Does monitoring performance act as an incentive for improving research performance? National and organizational level analysis of Finnish universities
Authors: Himanen Laura , Puuska Hanna-Mari 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMonitoring of research performance, especially performance-based allocation of research funding inevitably creates intended and unintended incentives for universities. In this article, we study if monitoring performance acts as an incentive for improved research performance by scrutinizing the development of two essential indicators of Finnish universities’ research performance, publication output, and international competitive research funding at both national and organizational level, by combining several statistical data sources. The results are reflected to the recent changes in Finnish universities’ national funding model as well as the organizational research assessment performed in 12 universities between the years 2009 and 2019. Based on our analysis, we suggest that the incentives brought on by national and organizational level actions have not hindered the positive development in the two elements of research performance as seen in the data, and in fact the introduction of an indicator that emphasizes the quality of publication channels to the university funding model has incentivized positive development in publication counts. Universities’ research assessments seem to have no systematic influence on the developments of the two indicators under scrutiny. However, according to our analysis, research assessments in Finnish universities are conducted first and foremost for developmental reasons, so it is likely that possible changes in research performance happen during a much longer period than what our data cover.