bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN DEVELOPING ENTREPRENERUAIL ECOSYSTEM AROUND UNIVERSITIES IN THE UK
Authors: Radko Natalya M. , Skiba Marina A. 
Published: March 2022

Research relevance: During the last few decades universities have changed strategies expanding their main mission. They also shift their strategies towards generating third stream income and providing economic effect at regional and national levels as well as impacting society. Within the framework of this research authors showed how the UK government impacted universities to change their mission synchronising it with the needs of economy in order to translate the successful experience for building entrepreneurial ecosystem. To the best of our knowledge similar research have not been done before.
Research subject: the UK policy on developing entrepreneurial ecosystem via supporting research commercialisation.
Research object: role of the UK government in building entrepreneurial ecosystem around universities via supporting research commercialisation.
Research aim: systematisation and analysis of all the initiatives undertaken by UK government to encourage the development of entrepreneurship at the UK universities what might become a basis to develop recommendations for building entrepreneurial ecosystem in countries where it still underdeveloped.
Research methodology: description, analysis and synthesis, in-depth interviews, thematic analysis.
Research results: authors have systematised the initiatives undertaken by UK government to encourage the development of entrepreneurship at British universities on the stages of the emergence of entrepreneurial ecosystem. This research has analysed all the initial initiatives taken to encourage developing entrepreneurial universities. This allowed authors to develop recommendations to develop entrepreneurial ecosystem in countries where it still underdeveloped.
Research results application: research results can be utilised for the elaboration of government policy in education as well as for developing strategic documents for improving the mechanisms for research commercialisation. This research could help countries at the nascent stage of ecosystem development to leverage effectively the UK experience.
MODERN PROBLEMS OF LABOR MANAGEMENT IN THE INDUSTRY OF UTILITIES AND THE WAYS OF THEIR SOLUTION
Authors: Deryabina Elena V. , Dyakova Elena V. 
Published: March 2022

The authors of the article emphasize the increase of commercial interest in labor management in the field of housing and communal services as an element of stability of socio-technical and economic development of any organizations (enterprises).
The article discloses the main problems of labor management in housing and communal services, due to the specifics of the industry, the current worn-out state of the fixed assets of the industry (housing, engineering networks and structures) and its impact on increasing the material and labor costs of operating enterprises (organizations). The problems of increasing labor intensity in the content of housing and communal services fixed assets are aggravated by the imperfect organization of labor at enterprises (organizations) of the industry, the shortage of professional managerial personnel capable of effectively managing the housing stock of microdistricts, settlements, condominimums.
The management solution of the identified problems is aimed at improving the labor management system, starting with the optimization of the labor rationing system.
Purpose: finding effective ways to solve problems of labor management at enterprises/organizations of housing and communal services of Tomsk and Tomsk region in conditions of market conditions of economy, innovative technical and technological changes.
Methodology: within the framework of this study, methods of analogy, comparison, observation, description, comparative analysis, expert, analytical and statistical were applied.
Results: the author’s approach of labor audit in housing and communal services organizations is proposed, which makes it possible to make an adequate assessment of some elements of the labor management system. A list of necessary documents for conducting an audit of the labor management system in housing and communal services organizations is proposed. The results of the audit showed that at the moment in the analyzed enterprises housing and communal services are completely absent and require the development of regulatory, methodological and organizational local documentation necessary for effective labor management.
Scope of results: the results of these studies can be applied at the industry level to ensure a unified approach and effective regulation of social and industrial relations between the employer and the employee. The author’s results are aimed at improving the labor potential and the quality of the labor force for the implementation of national projects and programs in the conditions of market economic conditions, innovative technical and technological changes.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: A MODERN WAY OF DOING BUSINESS
Authors: Abulkhanova Guzeliya A. 
Published: March 2022

This article discusses current trends in the formation of corporate social responsibility of business enterprises, the reasons for the lack of activity of organizations in the field of social responsibility.
The article also defines the influence of company’s social policy on the formation of labor motivation and loyalty of company’s employees, positive image of the company, both for personnel and for the environment. Social responsibility is relevant to all types and sizes of organizations, but it has developed the most in large public and private business communities.
Russian companies have actively joined this process and the number of such companies is increasing year by year; small and medium businesses are gradually joining them. And in the current crisis companies are in conditions when charitable projects are, in fact, a “matter of honor” for the company. In turn, this approach to doing business ensures the sustainable development of companies and leads to the creation of a favorable investment and reputational image.
Diffraction gratings based on a multilayer silicon nitride waveguide with high upward efficiency and large effective length
Authors: Li Wen-Ling , Liu Jing-Wei , Cheng Guo-An , Huang Qing-Zhong , Zheng Rui-Ting , Wu Xiao-Ling 
Published: March 2022

Diffraction gratings with high upward diffraction efficiency and large effective length are required for chip-scale light detection and ranging. We propose a diffraction grating based on a multilayer silicon nitride waveguide, which theoretically achieves an upward diffraction efficiency of 92%, a near-field effective length of 376 µm, and a far-field divergence angle of 0.105° at a wavelength of 850 nm. The diffraction grating has a high tolerance to process variations based on Monte Carlo analysis. When the conditions are

±

5
%

layer thickness variation,

±

50

n
m

lithographic variation, and

±

20

n
m

wavelength drift, more than 71% of the grating samples have a diffraction efficiency higher than 80%, and 100% of the samples have an effective length larger than 200 µm (corresponding to a far-field divergence

<

0.2

∘

). Furthermore, the near-field effective length of the grating with an upward diffraction efficiency above 90% can be adjusted from hundreds of microns to centimeters by changing the etching layer thickness and the grating duty cycle. This diffraction grating has a potential application in optical sensing and imaging from visible to near-IR wavelengths.
Continuous-wave operation of 405  nm distributed Bragg reflector laser diodes based on GaN using 10th-order surface gratings
Authors: Kang J. H. , Wenzel H. , Freier E. , Hoffmann V. , Fricke J. , Brox O. , Matalla M. , Einfeldt S. 
Published: March 2022

Single longitudinal mode continuous-wave operation of GaN-based distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser diodes with 10th-order surface gratings is demonstrated. The DBR consists of periodic V-shaped grooves on a 2 μm wide ridge waveguide fabricated by using electron-beam lithography and plasma etching. The effect of different lengths of the DBR section and the gain section on the device performance has been studied. Periodic mode hops to the adjacent longitudinal Fabry–Perot resonator mode at shorter wavelength have been observed when increasing the operation current. Between the mode hops, single longitudinal mode emission at around 405 nm is achieved with a full width at half-maximum of 0.03 nm. A linear redshift of the emission wavelength with increasing temperature of 0.019 nm/K was derived.
Demonstration of electrically injected vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with post-supported high-contrast gratings
Authors: Zhang Jing , Hao Chenxi , Zheng Wanhua , Bimberg Dieter , Liu Anjin 
Published: March 2022

We experimentally demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge electrically injected vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with post-supported high-contrast gratings (HCGs) at 940 nm. The HCG-VCSELs have two posts to support the air-suspended HCGs, which are realized by simple fabrication without critical point drying. The HCG-VCSEL achieves a threshold current of about 0.65 mA and a side-mode suppression ratio of 43.6 dB under continuous-wave operation at 25°C. Theoretically the HCG-VCSEL with aλ/2-cavity for the transverse magnetic polarization has a smaller effective mode length of1.38·(λ/n). Thus, the relaxation resonance frequency can be increased by 16% compared with that of the conventional VCSEL. The modulation speed of 100 Gbit/s for the HCG-VCSEL is expected in the on–off keying modulation format. Our easy design of HCG-VCSELs has great potential for applications in optical interconnects, sensing, illumination, and so on.
Thriving in a pandemic: Determinants of excellent wellbeing among New Zealanders during the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown; a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Beaglehole Ben , Williman Jonathan , Bell Caroline , Stanley James , Jenkins Matthew , Gendall Philip , Hoek Janet , Rapsey Charlene , Every-Palmer Susanna 
Published: March 2022

Objective
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions are associated with adverse psychological impacts but an assessment of positive wellbeing is required to understand the overall impacts of the pandemic.

Methods
The NZ Lockdown Psychological Distress Survey is an on-line cross-sectional survey of 3487 New Zealanders undertaken during a strict lockdown for COVID-19. The lockdown extended from 25 March 2020 to 28 April 2020 and the survey was undertaken between 15 April 2020 and 27 April 2020. The survey measured excellent wellbeing categorised by a WHO-Five Well-being Index (WHO-5) score ≥22. The survey also contained demographic and pre-lockdown questions, subjective and objective lockdown experiences, and questions on alcohol use. The proportion of participants with excellent wellbeing is reported with multivariate analysis examining the relative importance of individual factors associated with excellent wellbeing.

Results
Approximately 9% of the overall sample (303 participants) reported excellent wellbeing during the New Zealand lockdown. In the multivariable analysis, excellent wellbeing status was positively associated with increasing age (p<0.001), male gender (p = 0.044), Māori and Asian ethnicity (p = 0.008), and lower levels of education (certificate/diploma level qualification or less) (p<0.001). Excellent wellbeing was negatively associated with smoking (p = 0.001), poor physical (p<0.001) and mental health (p = 0.002), and previous trauma (p = 0.033).

Conclusion
Nine percent of New Zealanders reported excellent wellbeing during severe COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Demographic and broader health factors predicted excellent wellbeing status. An understanding of these factors may help to enhance wellbeing during any future lockdowns.
Nursing students’ perception towards educational environment in governmental Universities of Southwest Ethiopia: A qualitative study
Authors: Fego Melese Workneh , Olani Adugna , Tesfaye Temamen 
Published: March 2022

Background
Educational environment refers to the diverse physical facilities, the clinical settings where students learn, the design and delivery of the curriculum, and involve the skills, and attitudes of the teachers. Due to various undesirable aspects of the educational environment, students often do not attain the expected professional standard of nursing care. There is limited evidence on students’ perception of their educational environment in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area. Thus, this study aimed to assess nursing students’ perceptions of their educational environment in government Universities of Southwest Ethiopia.

Methods
An institution-based qualitative case study was employed. Eight participants were interviewed from government Universities of southwest Ethiopia. Face to face in-depth interview was used to generate data. The interviews were conducted for forty-five minutes to one hour using an open-ended semi-structured guiding questionnaire. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, translated, and analyzed using a conventional content analysis approach; finally, themes were derived and presented with narration.

Results
The analysis of this study yields four themes categorized as curriculum, instructors’, organizations’, and students. The result of the study revealed that there were poor institutions students support systems, inadequate skills and knowledge in certain instructors, inadequate instructional materials and teaching aids, scarce facilities in students’ practical areas, accommodation, and transportation.

Conclusion
Improvement of nursing students’ educational environment was recognized as a strong attention-seeking area. The majority of the key informants stated that the educational environment is not suitable for the teaching-learning process. Thus, to create a conducive educational environment, the Minister of education, Universities, instructors, and other concerned bodies should design and implement strategies targeted at the aforementioned problems.
“A story with gaps”: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of ICU survivors’ experience
Authors: Flahault Cécile , Vioulac Christel , Fasse Léonor , Bailly Sébastien , Timsit Jean-François , Garrouste-Orgeas Maité 
Published: March 2022

ICU survivors may experience various long-term sequelae, recognized as Post-Intensive Care Syndrome, that includes psychiatric symptoms: anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorders symptoms (PTSD). While it was hypothesized that an ICU diary could help patients after discharge, improving their hospitalization memories and quality of life, it is unclear whether it may reduce psychiatric disorders, in particular PTSD. We performed a qualitative exploration of survivors’ subjective experience of their ICU stay, their representations, memories, meaning-making of their experience and use of their ICU diary. Five participants (ICU survivors, 3 men and 2 women, who received a diary) were included in this study. We conducted non-directive interviews 6 months after discharge. These interviews were transcribed and analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Major recurring themes of discourse included: (1) The nightmare of the ICU experience: from an impression of vagueness to dispossession, (2) The positive image of health-care workers during intensive care, (3) The place of the relatives and health-care workers’ writings in the diary: either a support or a barrier, (4) The difficult return back home, and daily life after intensive care. Participant’s representation of their ICU experience seemed to reflect the meaning they had given it through their own reflections and that of health-care workers in the diary. For some participant, the diary was associated to the pain and strangeness of the ICU experience; therefore, their recovery required them to take some distance with it. The ICU diary allowed participants to construct their illness narratives, and to become aware of the presence and support of health-care workers. The diary was also perceived as the witness of a period they wished to forget.
Trial registration: NCT02519725.
Exercise-induced increase in blood-based brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in people with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of exercise intervention trials
Authors: Shobeiri Parnian , Karimi Amirali , Momtazmanesh Sara , Teixeira Antônio L. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , van Wegen Erwin E. H. , Hirsch Mark A. , Yekaninejad Mir Saeed , Rezaei Nima 
Published: March 2022

Background
Exercise training may affect the blood levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), but meta-analyses have not yet been performed comparing pre- and post-intervention BDNF concentrations in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).

Objective
To perform a meta-analysis to study the influence of exercise on BDNF levels and define components that modulate them across clinical trials of exercise training in adults living with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Method
Five databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PEDro database, CINAHL) were searched up to June 2021. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, we included 13 articles in the meta-analysis, including 271 subjects. To investigate sources of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis were conducted. We performed the meta-analysis to compare pre- and post-exercise peripheral levels of BDNF in PwMS.

Results
Post-exercise concentrations of serum BDNF were significantly higher than pre-intervention levels (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD): 0.33, 95% CI: [0.04; 0.61], p-value = 0.02). Meta-regression indicated that the quality of the included studies based on the PEDro assessment tool might be a source of heterogeneity, while no significant effect was found for chronological age and disease severity according to the expanded disability status scale.

Conclusion
This systematic review and meta-analysis shows that physical activity increases peripheral levels of BDNF in PwMS. More research on the effect of different modes of exercise on BDNF levels in PwMS is warranted.
Co-infection of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C among HIV-infected patients: A cross-sectional study from tertiary care hospital of eastern Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Lok Bahadur , Yadav Gopal K. , Pradhan Saugat , Sharma Abhilasha , Pandit Tejendra , Chhetry Roshan , Khanal Basudha 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionThis study was conducted with an objective to analyze prevalence and risk factors associated with co-infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in HIV-positive patients with reference to their CD4+ T cell status.Materials and methodsHIV-positive patients visiting the HIV clinic for CD4+ T cells testing at B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences were tested for Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. Data regarding age, gender, mode of HIV transmission, duration of HIV diagnosis, antiretroviral therapy status, antiretroviral therapy duration, hepatitis B or C status, and CD4+ T cells count were collected via face-to-face interview, and hospital records. The data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2019 v16.0 (Microsoft, WA, USA) and statistical analysis was performed by using statistical package for social sciences, IBM SPSS® v21 (IBM, Armonk, New York).ResultsOut of 474 HIV-positive patients, HIV-HBV, HIV-HCV, and HIV-HBV-HCV co-infections were seen in 2.95% (14/474), 18.14% (86/474), and 2.53% (12/474) respectively. The primary route of infection was intra-venous drug use (IVDU) in those co-infected with HBV only (8, 57.14%), HCV only (46, 53.49%), and both HBV and HCV (8, 66.67%). HIV patients infected via IVDU were 2.40 times more likely to have HIV-HCV co-infection as compared to those infected via sexual route (AOR 2.40, 95% CI: 1.49,3.86). Similarly, HIV patients with CD4+ T cells count less than 350 cells/mm3were more likely to have HIV-HBV-HCV co-infection as compared to those with CD4 count equal to and more than 350 cells/mm3(AOR 13.84, 95% CI: 2.90,66.10).ConclusionHIV-positive patients are at high risk of hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C co-infection. Intravenous drug use, and lower CD4+T cells count are the most important risk predictors of co-infection. All HIV-positive patients should be carefully screened with hepatitis B and hepatitis C tests during their follow-up.
Small-scale sectorial perturbation modes against the background of a pulsating model of disk-like self-gravitating systems
Authors: Ganiev Jakhongir , Nuritdinov Salakhutdin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this work, we consider small-scale sectorial perturbation modes in a disk-like model of a radially nonstationary spiral galaxy in order to study the gravitational instabilities of these modes. Calculations of horizontal sectorial small-scale perturbation modes, such as

(

m
;

N

)

=

(

10
;

10

)

\left(m;\hspace{0.33em}N)=\left(10;\hspace{0.33em}10)

, (11; 11), (12; 12), (13; 13), (14; 14), and (15; 15), against the background of a nonlinearly nonequilibrium anisotropic model of the self-gravitating disk have been carried out. For each of these perturbation modes, critical diagrams are plotted between the virial parameter and the degree of rotation. The growth rates of instability are calculated and compared for different values of the rotation parameter. The results of calculations and comparisons of instability regions show that with an increase in the degree of small scale, the instability region narrows as the wave numbers increase.
Investigation of Flow Rate and Viscous Dissipation in a Single Screw Pump-Extruder
Authors: Campbell G. A. , Wang C. , Cheng H. , Bullwinkel M. , te-Riele M. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The focus of this investigation was to determine the effect of barrel rotation and screw rotation on the flow rate and viscous dissipation inside the screw pump-extruder. The screw pump-extruder was built to allow for barrel rotation and screw rotation independently. A Newtonian fluid, Polypropylene glycol, was chosen as the working fluid. The experimental results can be summarized by noting that the pumping capacity of the device was independent of which element was rotated at constant angular velocity and that barrel rotation generated higher temperature rise than screw rotation for the two screws evaluated. Also this analysis suggested that a large amount of viscous dissipation inside this extruder arises from the clearance flow. A new analytical model was proposed to evaluate the viscous dissipation for screw rotation. Calculations using this new mathematical model provided good agreement with the experimental data for both barrel and screw rotation.
Process Behavior of Special Mixing Elements in Twin-screw Extruders
Authors: Potente H. , Kretschmer K. , Hofmann J. , Senge M. , Mours M. , Scheel G. , Winkelmann Th. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tightly intermeshing, co-rotating twin-screw extruders are commonly employed for tasks requiring good mixing. The modular structure of both barrel and screw makes it possible to optimize the extruder configuration for a given task. Increasing demands on polymers have resulted in the development of more sophisticated mixing elements. In the framework of this investigation we looked at the pressure-throughput behavior of mixing elements in a conveying, reconveying and conveying-reconveying configuration. Furthermore, the local residence time distribution within those elements was investigated. We developed physical-mathematical models to describe the pressure – throughput behavior observed in the experimental investigations.