bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Super-Men and Wonder-Women: the Relationship Between the Acceptance of Self-enhancement, Personality, and Values
Authors: Schönthaler Elena M. D. , Hofer Gabriela , Grinschgl Sandra , Neubauer Aljoscha C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDue to ongoing technological innovations, self-enhancement methods are publicly discussed, researched from different perspectives, and part of ethical debates. However, only few studies investigated the acceptance of these methods and its relationship with personality traits and values. The present study investigated to what extent people accept different enhancement methods and whether acceptance can be predicted by Big Five and Dark Triad traits, vulnerable narcissism, and values. In an online survey (N = 450), we measured personality traits and values. Additionally, participants read scenarios about enhancement methods and answered questions about their acceptance of these scenarios. Factor analysis indicated a general factor of acceptance across scenarios. Correlation analyses showed that high agreeableness, agreeableness-compassion, conscientiousness, conscientiousness-industriousness, and conservation- and self-transcendence values are related to less acceptance of self-enhancement. Moreover, individuals high on Dark Triad traits, vulnerable narcissism, and self-enhancement values exhibit more acceptance. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that said values and Big Five traits explained unique variance in the acceptance of self-enhancement. These findings highlight the importance of considering personality and values when investigating self-enhancement—a topic that is receiving increasing attention by the public, politicians, and scientists.
Introduction: Researching Corpus Pragmatics in Irish English
Authors: Ronan Patricia , Kirk John 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis Introduction to the Special Issue describes the research background to Irish English Corpus Pragmatics. It also gives a brief overview of the papers accepted for the Special Issue. These papers introduce new approaches to the field of Irish Corpus Pragmatics, allowing scholars to expand their methodological tool boxes in dealing with Pragmatics on the basis of corpus evidence.
Review on light absorbing materials for unassisted photoelectrochemical water splitting and systematic classifications of device architectures
Authors: Moon Choongman , Shin Byungha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting device integrates a photovoltaic cell and electrocatalysts into a single device to produce hydrogen fuel from water using solar irradiance. The major driving force behind PEC research is that it can potentially be a cost-efficient way to produce hydrogen in a renewable way, however, current PEC devices for hydrogen production are not economically viable yet. This review provides comprehensive discussions on the major challenges on practical solar hydrogen production by PEC from the standpoint of device structure and light absorber materials. We started by systematically classifying PEC device structures based on the electrical junctions on the light absorber materials. Based on the classification scheme, we showed that the choices of a device structure and light absorber materials are cross-linked in current PEC studies and affects electron/ion transport in a PEC device. The correlation between the device structure and materials underlines the necessity of reviewing the light absorber materials for the top and bottom cells in a tandem PEC device as a whole. We categorize the light absorber materials based on their crustal abundance because it is a major factor that determines device structure and scalability in TW-scale, and discuss their influence on the efficiency, stability, and scalability of a PEC water-splitting system.
The Use of Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia
Authors: Ababneh Obada , Abushukair Hassan , Qarqash Aref , Syaj Sebawe , Al Hadidi Samer 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe use of Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) inhibitors in Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia (WM) is evolving. Ibrutinib, a first-generation BTK inhibitor, is currently approved for use in frontline and relapsed/refractory disease. Second-generation BTK inhibitors are being used and studied to improve clinical outcomes and/or safety profile. Zanubrutinib, one such second-generation inhibitor, was recently approved in treatment-naive and refractory/relapsed patients. Here, we review the use of BTK inhibitors in WM in front-line and refractory or relapsed settings. We also highlight common adverse events, the emergence of BTK inhibitors resistance, and future directions of their use.
Variation in ampicillin dosing for lower respiratory tract infections and neonatal bacterial infections in US children’s hospitals
Authors: Daniels Elizabeth A. , McPherson Christopher C. , Newland Jason G. , Lee Brian R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective:
We examined ampicillin dosing in pediatric patients across 3 conditions: (1) bacterial lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in infants and children >3 months, (2) neonates with suspected or proven sepsis, and (3) neonates with suspected central nervous system (CNS) infections. We compared our findings to dosing guidance for these specific indications.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
The study included data from 32 children’s hospitals in the United States.

Methods:
We reviewed prescriptions from the SHARPS study of antimicrobials, a survey of antibiotic prescribing from July 2016 to December 2017. Prescriptions were analyzed for indication, total daily dose per kilogram, and presence of antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) review. LRTI prescriptions were compared to IDSA recommendations for community-acquired pneumonia. Neonatal prescriptions were compared to recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Prescriptions were categorized as “optimal” (80%–120% of recommended dosing), “suboptimal” (<80% of recommended dosing), or “excessive” (>120% of recommended dosing).

Results:
Among 1,038 ampicillin prescriptions, we analyzed 88 prescriptions for LRTI, 499 prescriptions for neonatal sepsis, and 27 prescriptions for neonatal CNS infection. Of the LRTI prescriptions, 77.3%were optimal. Of prescriptions for neonatal sepsis, 81.6% were excessive compared to AAP bacteremia recommendations but 78.8% were suboptimal compared to AAP meningitis guidelines. Also, 48.1% of prescriptions for neonatal CNS infection were suboptimal, and 50.6% of prescriptions were not reviewed by the ASP.

Conclusions:
LRTI dosing is generally within the IDSA-recommended range. However, dosing for neonatal sepsis often exceeds the recommendation for bacteremia but is below the recommendation for meningitis. This variability points to an important opportunity for future antimicrobial stewardship efforts.
Science by Nobel committee: decision making and norms of scientific practice in the early physics and chemistry prizes
Authors: Källstrand Gustav 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the early years of decision making in the award of the Nobel Prize in physics and chemistry, and shows how the prize became a tool in the boundary work which upheld the social demarcations between scientists and inventors, as well as promoting a particular normative view of individual scientific achievement. The Nobel committees were charged with rewarding scientific achievements that benefited humankind: their interpretation of that criterion, however, turned in the first instance on their assessment of the groundbreaking nature of the ‘science’, with the applied or practical ‘benefits’ of that discovery being treated as very much secondary factors in the award. Through an interrogation of the reports sent by the committees to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, this paper shows how committee members depended on a notion of ‘post-dated utilitarianism’ in reconciling potential tension between rewarding basic and applied science, and explores the ways in which the annual prize both shaped, and was shaped by, media perceptions of scientific virtue.
Role of dietary resistant starch in the regulation of broiler immunological characteristics
Authors: Zhang Ying-Ying , Liu Ying-Sen , Li Jiao-Long , Xing Tong , Jiang Yun , Zhang Lin , Gao Feng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResistant starch (RS) has received increased attention due to its potential health benefits. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of dietary corn RS on immunological characteristics of broilers. A total of 320 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments: normal corn–soyabean (NC) diet group, corn starch diet group, 4 %, 8 % and 12 % RS diet groups. This trial lasted for 42 d. The relative weights of spleen, thymus and bursa, the concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and IL-4 in plasma at 21 d of age, as well as the activities of total nitric oxide synthase (TNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in plasma at 21 and 42 d of age showed positive linear responses (P < 0·05) to the increasing dietary RS level. Meanwhile, compared with the birds from the NC group at 21 d of age, birds fed 4 % RS, 8 % RS and 12 % RS diets exhibited higher (P < 0·05) relative weight of bursa and concentrations of NO and interferon-γ in plasma. Birds fed 4 % RS and 8 % RS diets showed higher (P < 0·05) number of IgA-producing cells in the jejunum. While compared with birds from the NC group at 42 d of age, birds fed 12 % RS diet showed higher (P < 0·05) relative weight of spleen and activities of TNOS and iNOS in plasma. These findings suggested that dietary corn RS supplementation can improve immune function in broilers.
The anatomy of a conspiracy theory in Covid-19 political commentary
Authors: Tennent Emma , Grattan Fiona 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe pandemic has exacerbated moral panics about conspiracy theories. Yet defining what conspiracy theories are is just as fraught as figuring out what to do about them. This article provides the first empirical demonstration of how the categories ‘conspiracy theory’ and ‘conspiracy theorist’ are used in social interaction. We examined comments from a New Zealand politician about a Covid-19 outbreak at the start of the election period. Using conversation analysis, membership categorisation analysis, and discursive psychology, we tracked how his talk was built and interpreted by participants. The findings show how a conspiracy theory was made recognisable through the machinery of storytelling and how its status as a conspiracy theory was accomplished and challenged through categorisation. We argue that conceptualising conspiracy theories as social actions offers a way to move beyond definitional debates to examine how participants understand and use conspiracy theories in everyday life. (Conspiracy theory, social interaction, categorisation)
A review of flight trajectory optimisations
Authors: Pleter Octavian Thor , Constantinescu Cristian Emil 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe paper reviews the optimisation methods of the flight trajectory for airliners. In contrast to maritime navigation, where the shortest route (the orthodrome) is preferred, in air navigation, the brachistochrone is the optimal flight trajectory on the sphere or on the ellipsoid, considering the wind vector field (maximising the tail wind and minimising the head wind over the duration of the flight). The major impact of the wind on the flight trajectory results from the possible significant velocity at the normal cruise flight levels, which could reach 200 kts, or 40% of the aircraft true airspeed (TAS). Brachistochrone is independent of the flight performance optimisation (range versus speed), as computed by the flight management system. Whichever cost index (CI) is selected (and consequently, the cruise Mach number), the brachistochrone is the minimum time of flight trajectory at that target Mach number. In cruise flight, the minimum time of flight is also equivalent to the minimum fuel consumption. It concerns just the wind velocity field. All these qualify the brachistochrone as the greenest trajectory, the most fuel and emissions efficient solution relative to the atmosphere. The paper classifies the brachistochrone problems (2D, 3D and 4D brachistochrones, with or without flexible time of departure). Some numerical examples are provided. The overall optimal 4D trajectory considers many aspects, including safety, by minimisation of total costs and risks of the 4D trajectory.
A novel hybrid observation prediction methodology for bridging GNSS outages in INS/GNSS systems
Authors: Chen Linzhouting , Liu Zhanchao , Fang Jiancheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe integration of the inertial navigation system (INS) and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is suited for localisation and navigation applications, such as aircrafts, land vehicles and ships. The primary challenge is for navigation system to achieve accurate and reliable navigation solution during GNSS outages. This paper presents an observation prediction methodology for INS/GNSS bridging GNSS outages, which combines partial least squares regression (PLSR) and Gaussian process regression (GPR) to model the INS/GNSS observations and enable a Kalman filter to estimate INS errors. The performance of proposed PLSR/GPR prediction methodology was validated through four GNSS outages taken on flight experiment data, including diverse manoeuvre conditions. The experiment results demonstrate that remarkable performance enhancements are achieved through applying the proposed PLSR/GPR prediction methodology into INS/GNSS integration.
Multimodality in webconference-based language tutoring: An ecological approach integrating eye tracking
Authors: Cappellini Marco , Hsu Yu-Yin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDrawing on existing research with a holistic stance toward multimodal meaning-making, this paper takes an analytic approach to integrating eye-tracking data to study the perception and use of multimodality by teachers and learners. To illustrate this approach, we analyse two webconference tutoring sessions from a telecollaborative project involving pre-service teachers and learners of Mandarin Chinese. The tutoring sessions were recorded and transcribed multimodally, and our analysis of two types of conversational side sequences shows that the integration of eye-tracking data into an ecological approach provides richer results. Specifically, our proposed approach provided a window on the participants’ cognitive management of graphic and visual affordances during interaction and uncovered episodes of joint attention.
Minimizing Motion Artifacts in Intravital Microscopy Using the Sedative Effect of Dexmedetomidine
Authors: Kim Youngkyu , Cho Minju , Paulson Bjorn , Kim Sung-Hoon , Kim Jun Ki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Among intravital imaging instruments, the intravital two-photon fluorescence excitation microscope has the advantage of enabling real-time 3D fluorescence imaging deep into cells and tissues, with reduced photobleaching and photodamage compared with conventional intravital confocal microscopes. However, excessive motion of organs due to involuntary movement such as breathing may result in out-of-focus images and severe fluorescence intensity fluctuations, which hinder meaningful imaging and analysis. The clinically approved alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist dexmedetomidine was administered to mice during two-photon fluorescence intravital imaging to alleviate this problem. As dexmedetomidine blocks the release of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, pain is suppressed, blood pressure is reduced, and a sedation effect is observed. By tracking the quality of focus and stability of detected fluorescence in two-photon fluorescence images of fluorescein isothiocyanate-sensitized liver vasculature in vivo, we demonstrated that intravascular dexmedetomidine can reduce fluorescence fluctuations caused by respiration on a timescale of minutes in mice, improving image quality and resolution. The results indicate that short-term dexmedetomidine treatment is suitable for reducing involuntary motion in preclinical intravital imaging studies. This method may be applicable to other animal models.
SPLICE:a synthetic paid loss and incurred cost experience simulator
Authors: Avanzi Benjamin , Taylor Greg , Wang Melantha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we first introduce a simulator of cases estimates ofincurred lossescalledSPLICE(SyntheticPaidLoss andIncurredCostExperience). In three modules, case estimates are simulated in continuous time, and a record is output for each individual claim. Revisions for the case estimates are also simulated as a sequence over the lifetime of the claim in a number of different situations. Furthermore, some dependencies in relation to case estimates of incurred losses are incorporated, particularly recognising certain properties of case estimates that are found in practice. For example, the magnitude of revisions depends on ultimate claim size, as does the distribution of the revisions over time. Some of these revisions occur in response to occurrence of claim payments, and soSPLICErequires input of simulated per-claim payment histories. The claim data can be summarised by accident and payment “periods” whose duration is an arbitrary choice (e.g. month, quarter, etc.) available to the user.SPLICEis built on an existing simulator of individual claim experience calledSynthETIC(introduced in Avanziet al. 2021b,Insurance: Mathematics and Economics,100, 296–308), which offers flexible modelling of occurrence, notification, as well as the timing and magnitude of individual partialpayments. This is in contrast with theincurred losses, which constitute the additional contribution ofSPLICE. The inclusion of incurred loss estimates provides a facility that almost no other simulators do.SPLICEis is a fully documented R package that is publicly available and open source (on CRAN).SPLICE, combined withSynthETIC, provides 11 modules (occurrence, notification, etc.), any one or more of which may be re-designed according to the user’s requirements. It comes with a default version that is loosely calibrated to resemble a specific (but anonymous) Auto Bodily Injury portfolio, as well as data generation functionality that outputs alternative data sets under a range of hypothetical scenarios differing in complexity. The general structure is suitable for most lines of business, with some reparameterisation.
Cross‐Slope Buoyancy Fluxes Cause Intense Asymmetric Generation of Submesoscale Eddies on the Periphery of the Black Sea Mesoscale Anticyclones
Authors: Kubryakov A. A. , Puzina O. S. , Mizyuk A. I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSubmesoscale dynamics significantly affect the turbulence regime and is characterized by pronounced time variability, the reasons of which are still poorly known. In our study, we use high‐resolution (1 km) numerical model NEMO and satellite data in the Black Sea to demonstrate that one of the main processes impacting on the intensity of submesoscale dynamics in the marginal seas is the cross‐slope advection by mesoscale anticyclones. Such large eddies entrain the brackish shelf waters into their orbital motion and cause the strong rise of vertical and horizontal gradients of buoyancy. The emergence of baroclinic instability causes the generation of periodic submesoscale structures, among which cyclonic eddies have the largest vorticity. Our analysis shows that the presented mechanism is one of the main reasons for the intraannual variability of submesoscale dynamics over the continental slope of the Black Sea. This process also causes a strong asymmetry in the vertical structure of the mesoscale anticyclones. The generation of the submesoscale eddies and related vertical and horizontal exchange are significantly more intense on that side of the anticyclone, where current is directed offshore. Intensification of submesoscale motions in the zone of the brackish water entrainment is one of the probable reasons for the rapid and effective mixing of the shelf and open sea waters, often observed in satellite data.
Biofortified tomatoes provide a new route to vitamin D sufficiency
Authors: Li Jie , Scarano Aurelia , Gonzalez Nestor Mora , D’Orso Fabio , Yue Yajuan , Nemeth Krisztian , Saalbach Gerhard , Hill Lionel , de Oliveira Martins Carlo , Moran Rolando , Santino Angelo , Martin Cathie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPoor vitamin D status is a global health problem; insufficiency underpins higher risk of cancer, neurocognitive decline and all-cause mortality. Most foods contain little vitamin D and plants are very poor sources. We have engineered the accumulation of provitamin D3in tomato by genome editing, modifying a duplicated section of phytosterol biosynthesis in Solanaceous plants, to provide a biofortified food with the added possibility of supplement production from waste material.
Effect of crystallinity and thickness on thermal transport in layered PtSe2
Authors: El Sachat Alexandros , Xiao Peng , Donadio Davide , Bonell Frédéric , Sledzinska Marianna , Marty Alain , Vergnaud Céline , Boukari Hervé , Jamet Matthieu , Arregui Guillermo , Chen Zekun , Alzina Francesc , Sotomayor Torres Clivia M. , Chavez-Angel Emigdio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present a comparative investigation of the influence of crystallinity and film thickness on the acoustic and thermal properties of layered PtSe2 films of varying thickness (1–40 layers) using frequency-domain thermo-reflectance, low-frequency Raman, and pump-probe coherent phonon spectroscopy. We find ballistic cross-plane heat transport up to ~30 layers PtSe2 and a 35% reduction in the cross-plane thermal conductivity of polycrystalline films with thickness larger than 20 layers compared to the crystalline films of the same thickness. First-principles calculations further reveal a high degree of thermal conductivity anisotropy and a remarkable large contribution of the optical phonons to the thermal conductivity in bulk (~20%) and thin PtSe2 films (~30%). Moreover, we show strong interlayer interactions in PtSe2, short acoustic phonon lifetimes in the range of picoseconds, an out-of-plane elastic constant of 31.8 GPa, and a layer-dependent group velocity ranging from 1340 ms−1 in bilayer to 1873 ms−1 in eight layers of PtSe2. The potential of tuning the lattice thermal conductivity of layered materials with the level of crystallinity and the real-time observation of coherent phonon dynamics open a new playground for research in 2D thermoelectric devices and provides guidelines for thermal management in 2D electronics.
Neural signatures associated with temporal compression in the verbal retelling of past events
Authors: Musz Elizabeth , Chen Janice 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhen we retell our past experiences, we aim to reproduce some version of the original events; this reproduced version is often temporally compressed relative to the original. However, it is currently unclear how this compression manifests in brain activity. One possibility is that a compressed retrieved memory manifests as a neural pattern which is more dissimilar to the original, relative to a more detailed or vivid memory. However, we argue that measuring raw dissimilarity alone is insufficient, as it confuses a variety of interesting and uninteresting changes. To address this problem, we examine brain pattern changes that are consistent across people. We show that temporal compression in individuals’ retelling of past events predicts systematic encoding-to-recall transformations in several higher associative regions. These findings elucidate how neural representations are not simply reactivated, but can also be transformed due to temporal compression during a universal form of human memory expression: verbal retelling.