bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and its Risk Factors in the North-West of Iran: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zandian Hamed , Moghadam Telma Zahirian , Habibzadeh Shahram , Pourfarzi Farhad 
Published: February 2022

Background:
The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity and to examine the risk factors for seropositivity among the people of Ardabil, in the northwestern part of Iran.

Methods:
A community-based survey was carried out involving 1013 participants (690 from urban and 323 from rural areas), who were selected based on the cluster sampling method. Iran’s FDA-approved Pishtaz Teb SARS-CoV-2 ELISA kits were used to assess the presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in serum samples. Weighted seroprevalence, the number of infections, infection to case ratio (ICR), and infection fatality ratio (IFR) were estimated after adjusting for survey design and serial test performance. The factors associated with IgG/IgM positive were determined using logistic regression.

Results:
Between May 20 and June 7, out of 1013 survived people, 123 (12.11%) were IgG positive, 49 (4.8%) were IgM positive and 122 (12.04%) were having both IgG and IgM antibodies. The highest frequency of positive test for IgG and IgM antibodies was found in people with diabetes, followed by people with obesity and heart disease, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed old age (2.04, 95% CI: 1.02 to 11.74), male sex (1.52, 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.13), urbanization (1.40, 95% CI: 1.02 to 3.22), higher family number (9.44, 95% CI: 1.69 to 52.13), obesity (2.14, 95% CI: 1.11 to 5.86), NCDs (1.22, 95% CI: 1.01 to 2.16), having symptoms (3.02, 95% CI: 1.64 to 8.61), traveling (2.70, 95% CI: 1.76 to 10.8), history of contact with infected patients (2.38, 95% CI: 1.08 to 7.03), as factors associated with IgG/IgM positive test.

Conclusion:
Around the mid of May 2020, SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was low among Ardabil's adult population. Several factors have been found to be associated with SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, which should be considered by policymakers to set policies against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
The Box—eHealth in the Outpatient Clinic Follow-up of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cost-Utility Analysis
Authors: Treskes Roderick Willem , van den Akker-van Marle M Elske , van Winden Louise , van Keulen Nicole , van der Velde Enno Tjeerd , Beeres Saskia , Atsma Douwe , Schalij Martin Jan 
Published: February 2022

Background
Smartphone compatible wearables have been released on the consumers market, enabling remote monitoring. Remote monitoring is often named as a tool to reduce the cost of care.

Objective
The primary purpose of this paper is to describe a cost-utility analysis of an eHealth intervention compared to regular follow-up in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods
In this trial, of which clinical results have been published previously, patients with an AMI were randomized in a 1:1 fashion between an eHealth intervention and regular follow-up. The remote monitoring intervention consisted of a blood pressure monitor, weight scale, electrocardiogram device, and step counter. Furthermore, two in-office outpatient clinic visits were replaced by e-visits. The control group received regular care. The differences in mean costs and quality of life per patient between both groups during one-year follow-up were calculated.

Results
Mean costs per patient were €2417±2043 (US $2657±2246) for the intervention and €2888±2961 (US $3175±3255) for the control group. This yielded a cost reduction of €471 (US $518) per patient. This difference was not statistically significant (95% CI –€275 to €1217; P=.22, US $–302 to $1338). The average quality-adjusted life years in the first year of follow-up was 0.74 for the intervention group and 0.69 for the control (difference –0.05, 95% CI –0.09 to –0.01; P=.01).

Conclusions
eHealth in the outpatient clinic setting for patients who suffered from AMI is likely to be cost-effective compared to regular follow-up. Further research should be done to corroborate these findings in other patient populations and different care settings.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02976376; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02976376

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.2196/resprot.8038
Monitoring COVID-19 on Social Media: Development of an End-to-End Natural Language Processing Pipeline Using a Novel Triage and Diagnosis Approach
Authors: Hasan Abul , Levene Mark , Weston David , Fromson Renate , Koslover Nicolas , Levene Tamara 
Published: February 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has created a pressing need for integrating information from disparate sources in order to assist decision makers. Social media is important in this respect; however, to make sense of the textual information it provides and be able to automate the processing of large amounts of data, natural language processing methods are needed. Social media posts are often noisy, yet they may provide valuable insights regarding the severity and prevalence of the disease in the population. Here, we adopt a triage and diagnosis approach to analyzing social media posts using machine learning techniques for the purpose of disease detection and surveillance. We thus obtain useful prevalence and incidence statistics to identify disease symptoms and their severities, motivated by public health concerns.

Objective
This study aims to develop an end-to-end natural language processing pipeline for triage and diagnosis of COVID-19 from patient-authored social media posts in order to provide researchers and public health practitioners with additional information on the symptoms, severity, and prevalence of the disease rather than to provide an actionable decision at the individual level.

Methods
The text processing pipeline first extracted COVID-19 symptoms and related concepts, such as severity, duration, negations, and body parts, from patients’ posts using conditional random fields. An unsupervised rule-based algorithm was then applied to establish relations between concepts in the next step of the pipeline. The extracted concepts and relations were subsequently used to construct 2 different vector representations of each post. These vectors were separately applied to build support vector machine learning models to triage patients into 3 categories and diagnose them for COVID-19.

Results
We reported macro- and microaveraged F1 scores in the range of 71%-96% and 61%-87%, respectively, for the triage and diagnosis of COVID-19 when the models were trained on human-labeled data. Our experimental results indicated that similar performance can be achieved when the models are trained using predicted labels from concept extraction and rule-based classifiers, thus yielding end-to-end machine learning. In addition, we highlighted important features uncovered by our diagnostic machine learning models and compared them with the most frequent symptoms revealed in another COVID-19 data set. In particular, we found that the most important features are not always the most frequent ones.

Conclusions
Our preliminary results show that it is possible to automatically triage and diagnose patients for COVID-19 from social media natural language narratives, using a machine learning pipeline in order to provide information on the severity and prevalence of the disease for use within health surveillance systems.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Rapid Antigen Tests in Asymptomatic Close Contacts of Individuals With Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infections in the Herat Province of Afghanistan in 2021: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Amirnajad Ahmad 
Published: February 2022

Background
Early detection and isolation are key strategies for containing the COVID-19 pandemic in resource-poor countries, including Afghanistan, where access to the vaccines is limited. These strategies could reduce burden on the health care system, which is already weak because of conflicts and war. The first COVID-19 case in Afghanistan was detected in the Herat province close to Iran. Currently, both rapid antigen tests and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) have been used for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in the Herat province.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the accuracy of the rapid antigen test in asymptomatic close contacts of individuals with confirmed COVID-19 in the Herat province.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study conducted by contact-tracing surveillance teams in the Herat province. The teams listed 200 asymptomatic close contacts of individuals with confirmed COVID-19, and 2 separate nasopharyngeal specimens were collected. The rapid antigen test (Biosensor) was used on the fourth and seventh day after contact, and the second specimen was sent to the reference lab for RT-PCR testing. Descriptive statistics were calculated. The sensitivity and specificity of the rapid antigen tests were compared with those of RT-PCR.

Results
The median age of the contacts was 35 years (range 11-90 years), and 138 (70%) were women. Of the 196 (98%) contacts for whom RT-PCR was used, 105 (53%) had confirmed results for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Only 30 (15%) cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were confirmed by the rapid antigen test, which indicates a sensitivity of 20.1%. However, the specificity of the rapid antigen test was high (90%).

Conclusions
The sensitivity of the rapid antigen tests was relatively low to confirm COVID-19 in asymptomatic close contacts of individuals with confirmed COVID-19. Therefore, if resources allow, RT-PCR would be the best choice with its high sensitivity rate to diagnose COVID-19 in asymptomatic close contacts of individuals with confirmed COVID-19. Further study with a large sample size is needed.
Hybrid Tabu Search and Genetic Algorithm Imputation Approach for Incomplete Data
Authors: Khusnul Khotimah Bain , Kustiyahningsih Yeni , Miswanto Miswanto 
Published: February 2022

The common problem for data collection is happening missing value during the data collection and processing process that the quality of the data testing is decreased. A computational based technique for dealing with missing values, namely Genetic Algorithm Imputation (GAI). The usage was used to estimate the dataset's missing values. GAI generates the optimal set of missing values with the acquisition of information as a function of fitness to measure individual solutions' performance. GAI conducts continuous searching until the missing criteria value is found according to best fitness. So, it is trapped in optimal conditions temporarily. The improvement of GAI with tabu search is known as TS-GAI, that strength is two metaheuristic techniques modified at the mutase stage to distract the local optima's search. In applying missing values, this technique works better when many possible values are used instead of the mixed attribute having missing values. Because the new generation chromosome values generate many opportunities to make up for the missing values. The experimental results show that the TS-GAI shows better performance on 30% MV with a fitness value of 0.212. It converges at 159 iterations. Generally, TS-GAI is a faster iteration than simple GAI and it has a lower RMSE level than other imputation techniques.
Does the Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53–8:11) Have Canonical Authority? An Interconfessional Approach
Authors: Baum Armin D. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The historicity of the event that the pericope adulterae (John 7:53–8:11) relates has not been disproved. The orthodoxy of the words of Jesus it contains also cannot be denied. If the canonicity of the pericope is determined according to the same historical and content-related criteria that the ancient church applied during the development of the canon of Scriptures, then nothing speaks against its canonical status. This sort of assessment does not rest on an infallible and therefore binding decision of the church or its magisterium or on an internal testimony of the Holy Spirit. When the pericope adulterae is accepted into the NT, it should not be placed between chaps. 7 and 8 of the Gospel of John because it is not part of the original text of this book. Rather, it should be put after John’s Gospel, because it probably comes from the same historical root. Those who hesitate to accept the pericope adulterae as canonical can remove it from the NT without having to fear a serious loss. Everything the pericope has to say is also expressed several times in other places of the biblical canon. The additional benefit of the narrative of Jesus and the adulteress is not some singular ethical or theological statement. Its particular value lies in the fact that the pericope presents the forgiveness offered by Jesus to those who are condemned to death by the Mosaic law in a more elaborate, more colorful, and more pointed way than any other passage of the NT.
Isaiah’s Offspring: Paul’s Isaiah 54:1 Quotation in Galatians 4:27
Authors: Gignilliat Mark S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Paul’s Isaiah quotation in Gal 4 is ground well worked. Another scholarly contribution is warranted, however, because aspects of Isaianic research over the past several decades, research largely unexamined within Pauline scholarship, may shed light on Paul’s deployment of Isa 54:1 within his allegorical appeal to the Sarah/Hagar narrative. Moreover, Paul’s larger “offspring” theology within Gal 3 and 4 may find its substantial location within the broader cross-currents of Isaiah’s theologizing on the self-same subject matter. In particular, the identification of the “servants” of the Lord as a theme, if not the major theme, of Isaiah 54–66 opens up a dialogical conversation between Isaiah and Paul concerning a theological problem they both share, namely, “Who are the true offspring of Abraham/Zion?” Isaiah recalibrates Abraham’s promised offspring via the emerging figure of the servant of the Lord in the redemptive dynamic of Isa 40–53, and this recalibration leans into the unfolding of the servants as the progeny of the servant’s work. In summary, within an Isaianic frame, Abraham’s offspring are the servant’s offspring.
An Ontological Definition of “Canon”?
Authors: Poirier John C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Michael Kruger’s most recent book calls for a revised understanding of “canon” as the confluence of a closed-canon definition, a “functional definition,” and an “ontological” definition. Kruger intends his call to replace the now-common understanding of “canon” as (simply) the closing of a corpus of Scripture. This article seeks to show that Kruger’s complaints against the exclusive use of the closed-canon definition of “canon” are unfounded and that his attempt at an ontological definition is problematic.
The Heart of YHWH and His Chosen One in 1 Samuel 13:14
Authors: Derouchie Jason S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article considers the meaning of the prepositional phrase כלבבו, “like/according to his heart,” in 1 Sam 13:14. By assessing syntactic and semantic parallels, comparative ANE data, and the deuteronomic context of 1–2 Samuel, the study argues that the prepositional idiom is best rendered adverbially and understood to clarify the norm or standard by which YHWH sought a king to replace Saul—he did so according to his own will. This being established, the paper then explores whether God’s showing discretion and seeking one man in contrast to others necessitates that there was something about the king-elect that matched the royal image he had in mind. Specifically, while כלבבו should be read adverbially, the resulting meaning in 1 Sam 13:14 may in fact align with both the numerous texts that emphasize David’s special divine election in contrast to Saul and the many passages that stress David’s greater like-mindedness to YHWH when compared to Saul.
Salvation by Faith or by Faithfulness in the Book of Habakkuk?
Authors: CLENDENEN E. RAY 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Many scholars believe the apostle Paul violated the original meaning when he quoted Habakkuk as “the just shall live by faith” in Rom 1:17 and Gal 3:11. Against a growing consensus, I argue that ʾĕmũnâ in Hab 2:4 means “faith.” First, “faith” fits the context of the vision in vv. 2–3. Second, it was also probably the meaning in 1QpHab. Third, Paul and the author of Hebrews interpreted ʾĕmũnâ as “faith.” Fourth, ʾĕmũnâ was the natural choice if Habakkuk wanted a word for “faith,” especially if he was alluding to Gen 15:6. And finally, “faith” is the quality called for by the remainder of the book (e.g., 2:14; 3:13) and exhibited by the prophet in his concluding hymn of faith in 3:16–19.
Romans 1 and Homosexuality: A Critical Review of James Brownson’s “Bible, Gender, Sexuality"
Authors: Sprinkle Preston M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the flurry of recent books about homosexuality and the Bible, James Brownson’s Bible, Gender, Sexuality offers a very convincing defense of same-sex marriage. However, Brownson makes several historical assumptions that are inaccurate, which end up working against his thesis. For instance, contrary to Brownson, the ancient world did hold to a form of sexual orientation and there are examples of peer homosexual relationships. Therefore, there is no reason to believe that Paul only had excessively immoral same-sex relationships in his mind when he penned Romans 1.
"Son of God” or “God’s Chosen One” (John 1:34)? A Narrative-Critical Solution to a Text-Critical Problem
Authors: SKINNER CHRISTOPHER W. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A reasoned-eclectic approach to NT textual criticism examines both external and internal evidence when evaluating textual problems. This study explores the value of narrative criticism as another internal criterion when discussing intrinsic probabilities; specific attention is given to resolving the textual problem in John 1:34 ("Son of God” versus “God’s chosen one"). After examining the external evidence, the discussion turns to the motif of incomplete understanding that emerges over the first four days of the narrative proper (1:19–51). Against the backdrop of the Johannine prologue (1:1–18), which provides the literary audience with a complete description of Jesus’ identity, this pattern of misunderstanding suggests that “God’s chosen one"—an otherwise unattested term in the Fourth Gospel—is to be preferred over the “Son of God” reading.
Characterization in the Hebrew Bible: Nabal as a Test Case
Authors: DEKKER JOHN 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Literary criticism is growing in popularity in evangelical scholarship. One important aspect of literary criticism is the range of techniques used in the characterization of people in a story. These include: direct description by the storyteller, the responses of other characters in the story, a character’s words and thoughts, self-characterization, a character’s actions, a character’s name, comparisons with other characters, and the events of the story. This article examines the characterization of Nabal in 1 Sam 25 and discusses how these techniques enable the reader to evaluate the character and better understand the point of the narrative. In this way, literary techniques enable us to understand the content of the Bible as well as appreciate its form.
Mediumistic Divine Possession among Early Christians: A Response to Craig S. Keener’s “Spirit Possession as a Cross-cultural Experience”
Authors: TIBBS CLINT 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Craig S. Keener’s article “Spirit Possession as a Cross-cultural Experience” explores the phenomenon of invasive spirit possession in both early Jewish/Christian cultures and modern cultures. His cross-cultural approach makes use of anthropological data on spirit possession as a means to investigate the NT and Greco-Roman data on spirit possession. In this article, I take advantage of Keener’s research into anthropological resources on spirit possession. Whereas Keener’s research shows that early Christians experienced demonic and violent possession, I find that his research can easily incorporate the position that early Christians also experienced divine possession that produced inspired speech such as prophecy and glossolalia. The coexistence of divine and demonic possession could potentially be ambiguous and create schisms among different groups as to who was really divinely possessed.
Why Did Peter Change the Septuagint? A Reexamination of the Significance of the Use of Tíθημι in 1 Peter 2:6
Authors: HIMES PAUL A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
1 Peter manifests a surprising textual diversity behind its citation of the OT. The majority of scholars hold that 1 Pet 2:6 cites a variation of the Septuagint text that was, for some reason, modified. While a few suggest that the author himself modified the text, no one has sufficiently considered the reasons behind this modification. This article will examine the various possibilities behind 1 Peter’s version of the text, including potential interrelation between 1 Peter and Romans. This article argues that the modification of the LXX έμβάλλω to τίθημι in 1 Pet 2:6 is both deliberate and exegetically significant. It was changed for lexical, theological, and discourse reasons.
SLICING THOUGHTS
Authors: Bozickovic Vojislav 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
According to a criterion of difference for thoughts derived from Frege, two thoughts are different if it is at the same time possible for a rational subject to take conflicting epistemic attitudes toward them. But applying this criterion to perception-based demonstrative thoughts seems to slice thoughts too finely and lead to their proliferation, which makes the criterion implausible. I argue that such a proliferation of thoughts is blocked by transforming this criterion into a related one that is shown to be essential in individuating thoughts as they are conceived of in this paper. This has to do with the fact that what makes demonstrative sense synchronically or diachronically the same is the subject’s unreflective taking-for-granted that the object that she is perceiving is a single object that does not require her to keep track of it in the sense supposed by Evans and Campbell.
INFORMATION, VERIDICALITY, AND INFERENTIAL KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Fresco Nir , McGivern Patrick , Ghose Aditya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Is information always true? According to some authors, including Dretske, Grice, Barwise, and recently, Floridi, who has defended the Veridicality Thesis, the answer is positive. For, on Floridi’s view, there is an intimate relation between information and knowledge, which is always true. It is argued in this article that information used in inferential knowledge can, nevertheless, be false, thereby showing that the Veridicality Thesis is false.
DIVINE FINE-TUNING VS. ELECTRONS IN LOVE
Authors: Sinhababu Neil 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
I offer a new objection to the fine-tuning argument for God’s existence, which arises from the metaphysical possibility of alternative psychophysical laws that permit a wider range of physical entities to have minds. Section 1 presents the fine-tuning argument, according to which divine creation best explains why the physical constants permit intelligent life. Section 2 presents the objection that under sufficiently mind-friendly psychophysical laws, any physical constants permit intelligent life. Section 3 explains that proponents of the argument can’t deny the metaphysical possibility of such psychophysical laws because they must accept a non-physical God with a mind. Section 4 considers a version of the argument restricted to universes with actual psychophysical laws, and responds that there’s no reason God would favor such universes.