bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The neglected barrier to medication use: a systematic review of difficulties associated with opening medication packaging
Authors: Angel Maria , Bechard Louise , Pua Yong Hao , Thilarajah Shamala , Newton Courteney , Sorensen Amelia , Clark Ross 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Difficulty opening medication packaging can have serious consequences that can lead to patient harm via medication mismanagement or poor adherence. However, the quality of literature pertaining to these issues has yet to be collated and critiqued. This systematic review examined cross-sectional studies that objectively examined the ability of participants to open different medication packaging. Of the 8,692 studies identified, 12 met the inclusion criteria, all of which were direct observational studies given that prior research has identified a mismatch between self-report and actual ability. Scoring via the Appraisal Tool for Cross Sectional Studies revealed that the methodological quality of included studies was typically low. Study samples mostly consisted of older adults. All studies reported a non-negligible proportion of participants unable to open packaging, with the most difficulty associated with child-resistant containers. Several studies examined associations; however, no factor was consistently found to be significantly associated with the ability to open packaging. Despite these studies spanning &gt;40 years, the packaging types examined remained largely the same. This suggests that, despite decades of research demonstrating that packaging is problematic, there has been a stagnation in medication packaging development. Whether this is attributed to a paucity of high-quality research, and therefore a lack of strong evidence that change is needed, is unclear. Future research should strive for better methodological quality, with generalisable cohorts assessed via observation in their home. If the problems identified in prior research persist, this may provide the impetus for change that is overdue in the medication packaging industry.
Using the recommended summary plan for emergency care and treatment (ReSPECT) in care homes: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Kesten Joanna May , Redwood Sabi , Pullyblank Anne , Tavare Alison , Pocock Lucy , Brant Heather , Hill Elizabeth M , Tutaev Mary , Shum Rui Zhi , Banks Jon 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The Recommended Summary Plan for Emergency Care and Treatment (ReSPECT) is an advance care planning process designed to facilitate discussion and documentation of preferences for care in a medical emergency. Advance care planning is important in residential and nursing homes.

Aim
To explore the views and experiences of GPs and care home staff of the role of ReSPECT in: (i) supporting, and documenting, conversations about care home residents’ preferences for emergency care situations, and (ii) supporting decision-making in clinical emergencies.

Setting/participants
Sixteen GPs providing clinical care for care home residents and 11 care home staff in the West of England.

Methods
A qualitative research design using semi-structured interviews.

Results
Participants’ accounts described the ReSPECT process as facilitating person-centred conversations about residents’ preferences for care in emergency situations. The creation of personalised scenarios supported residents to consider their preferences. However, using ReSPECT was complex, requiring interactional work to identify and incorporate resident or relative preferences. Subsequent translation of preferences into action during emergency situations also proved difficult in some cases. Care staff played an important role in facilitating and supporting ReSPECT conversations and in translating it into action.

Conclusions
The ReSPECT process in care homes was positive for GPs and care home staff. We highlight challenges with the process, communication of preferences in emergency situations and the importance of balancing detail with clarity. This study highlights the potential for a multi-disciplinary approach engaging care staff more in the process.
Global and regional drivers of abundance patterns in the hart’s tongue fern complex (Aspleniaceae)
Authors: Heo Namjoo , Leopold Donald J , Lomolino Mark V , Yun Seona , Fernando Danilo D 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe hart’s tongue fern (HTF) complex is a monophyletic group composed of five geographically segregated members with divergent abundance patterns across its broad geographic range. We postulated hierarchical systems of environmental controls in which climatic and land-use change drive abundance patterns at the global scale, while various ecological conditions function as finer scale determinants that further increase geographic disparities at regional to local scales.MethodsAfter quantifying the abundance patterns of the HTF complex, we estimated their correlations with global climate and land-use dynamics. Regional determinants were assessed using boosted regression tree models with 18 potential ecological variables. Moreover, we investigated long-term population trends in the USA to understand the interplay of climate change and anthropogenic activities on a temporal scale.Key ResultsLatitudinal climate shifts drove latitudinal abundance gradients, and regionally different levels of land-use change resulted in global geographic disparities in population abundance. At a regional scale, population isolation, which accounts for rescue effects, played an important role, particularly in Europe and East Asia where several hot spots occurred. Furthermore, the variables most strongly influencing abundance patterns greatly differed by region: precipitation seasonality in Europe; spatial heterogeneity of temperature and precipitation in East Asia; and magnitudes of past climate change, temperature seasonality and edaphic conditions in North America. In the USA, protected populations showed increasing trends compared with unprotected populations at the same latitude, highlighting the critical role of habitat protection in conservation measures.ConclusionsGeographic disparities in the abundance patterns of the HTF complex were determined by hierarchical systems of environmental controls, wherein climatic and land-use dynamics act globally but are modulated by various regional and local determinants operating at increasingly finer scales. We highlighted that fern conservation must be tailored to particular geographic contexts and environmental conditions by incorporating a better understanding of the dynamics acting at different spatiotemporal scales.
The Gates Foundation, global health and domination: a republican critique of transnational philanthropy
Authors: Blunt Gwilym David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The turn of the twenty-first century witnessed a revival of interest in the role of philanthropy in the international system, especially in the fields of global poverty and health. Yet, despite an emergent critical literature in development studies and international studies, philanthropy has barely featured in the debate on global distributive justice. This article uses the republican conception of domination as an analytical framework to precisely articulate concerns of justice raised by transnational philanthropy. Using the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and its role in global health as a test case, it argues that transnational philanthropy is characterized by an asymmetric distribution of power, which is sufficient to produce dependence, and that is uncontrolled insofar as its use either rests on the will of powerful agents or on terms of social cooperation beyond contestation. This arbitrary character is particularly relevant to philanthropy because of its use of epistemic power to produce and legitimize knowledge. In short, transnational philanthropy is dominating. If individuals have the right to exercise control over the social institutions that profoundly affect their basic interests, then philanthropy has a problem of justice that cannot be dismissed.
The Amazon rainforest and the global–regional politics of ecosystem governance
Authors: Paes Lucas de Oliveira 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article examines the global–regional politics of ecosystem governance through the case of the Amazon rainforest. Despite the bourgeoning literature on global and regional environmental politics, the interplay of these dynamics in ecosystem governance has still received limited attention. I here propose that the politics of ecosystem governance are rooted in a dispute over the realization of alternative ecosystem services. When global actors become invested in promoting ecosystem preservation to secure the realization services with diffuse benefits, it can affect cooperation at the regional level. Ecosystem-adjacent states can perceive external interest as a threat, building regional cooperation as a tool to defend sovereignty, but also as an opportunity, using it to bargain the terms of their stewardship. I use this framework to trace the evolution of regional cooperation in the Amazon, demonstrating how it was developed in response to this ecosystem's growing global salience. Through defensive sovereignty and bargained stewardship, regional cooperation helped Amazon states to cap international commitment and limit external influence in the region but also allowed for building some form of coordinated ecosystem protection. The research sheds new light on both the potential and the limitations of global–regional engagements for the preservation of the Amazon and other analogous cross-border ecosystems.
Explaining the failure of global health governance during COVID-19
Authors: Jones Lee , Hameiri Shahar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Global health governance (GHG) was one of COVID-19's earliest victims. Soon after the novel coronavirus escaped China, the World Health Organization (WHO) was marginalized, and the International Health Regulations became practically irrelevant, as nations adopted uncoordinated, ad hoc responses. Existing explanations of GHG's collapse are largely utopian, criticizing states for failing to empower the WHO with sufficient supranational authority. This misunderstands how GHG was supposed to work in the first place and hence mistakenly diagnoses the causes of failure. We argue that COVID-19 exposed the pathologies of an entire, neoliberal approach to global governance: metagovernance and state transformation. In this approach, international organizations are hollowed out and their role shifts to metagovernance—developing and disseminating ‘best practice’ policies, institutions and rules for states to embed domestically. Such global regimes' efficacy, therefore, depends on states' capacity to enforce global disciplines. However, nation-states are also hollowed out by neoliberal strictures, undermining practical implementation. Consequently, GHG was failing long before COVID-19, leaving the system dependent on ad hoc interventions by dominant states. With the latter also affected by COVID-19, GHG was left in disarray. Reform proposals should therefore focus less on global institutions and rules and more on building domestic capabilities.
Delayed bowel necrosis due to inferior mesenteric artery occlusion in Stanford type A acute aortic dissection
Authors: Kawaguchi Yasuhiko , Fukumoto Yuichiro , Tamaki Mototsugu , Kitamura Hideki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Although inferior mesenteric artery occlusion due to acute aortic dissection sometimes occurs, it is usually not considered an important finding. Herein, we present an extremely rare case of delayed bowel ischaemia due to inferior mesenteric artery occlusion in Stanford type A acute aortic dissection that highlights the need for cardiac surgeons to be mindful of inferior mesenteric artery occlusion in patients with superior mesenteric artery dissection or vascular anomalies in the mesenteric arteries.
7 Evaluation of Finishing Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Beef Heifers with Variable Degrees of Heart Failure Risk and Differing Reproductive Tract Type
Authors: Markel Chase , Schults Madison , Ritchie Clara , Newman Courtney , Bedke Clayton , Mills Bryson , Holt Timothy N , Lake Scott , Cunningham-Hollinger Hannah C , Gifford Cody 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Tremendous economic loss is attributed to high altitude disease mortality of calves in the Mountain West and Great Plains region. Additional economic losses may be associated with changes in feed efficiency and carcass quality in animals at higher risk of heart failure during the finishing phase. Thus, the objective of the current study is to evaluate economically relevant traits throughout the finishing period to determine inefficiencies associated with variable levels of heart failure risk and reproductive tract type of beef heifers. Both intact reproductive tract (n = 19) and ovariectomized (n = 18) heifers were stratified by risk category, where initial pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) levels at or below 42 mmHg were designated as low risk and those above 42 mmHg as moderate/high risk. Heifers were fed a grain-based diet for 125 d before transportation to the harvest facility on d 126. All heifers were weighed in 2 wk intervals. Heifers were PAP tested by a qualified veterinarian in approximately 3 mo intervals during the feeding period. Feed intake data was collected for the last 55 d prior to harvest using the Vytelle SENSETM bunk system. Time of harvest was determined based on live weight and final ultrasound 12th rib fat thickness. Data were analyzed using the ANOVA function of R with tract type and risk as fixed effects. Comparisons were tested using a significance level of α = 0.05 and 0.05 (P ≤ 0.10) were considered tendencies. There were no interactions of risk category and tract type on performance or carcass characteristics (P ≥ 0.14). There was a tendency for higher total intake (P = 0.07) and relative growth rate (P = 0.04) among moderate/high risk heifers compared to the low-risk category. Hot carcass weight, marbling score, ribeye area, and USDA yield grade were not impacted (P ≥ 0.16) by risk category. Intact heifers had greater (P = 0.02) total gain than their ovariectomized contemporaries. However, marbling scores were higher (P = 0.04) among ovariectomized heifers compared to those from intact heifers. These data suggest that risk category and tract type minimally influence performance and carcass characteristics in a population that selects sires with low PAP scores. It remains unclear if more initial divergence in PAP scores would elicit greater impacts on performance and carcass characteristics in feedlot heifers.
10 Utilizing1H NMR Spectroscopy to Quantify and Identify Biomarkers in Finishing Sheep
Authors: Adeyemi James , Toussaint Lily , Copié Valérie , O’Shea-Stone Galen , Boles Jane A , Thomson Jennifer M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Backfat and carcass fatness is an important quality attribute in meat animals. A substantial economic gain in the livestock industry may result from the discovery of metabolites, which can improve methods for predicting desirable livestock traits before harvest. Complex phenotypes can be identified for genetic selection or precision management using metabolic and genetic biomarkers. An analysis of ovine samples collected before harvest from wethers with different degrees of back fat was conducted using serum samples obtained from 15 sheep (5 from each back fat class), 60 d, 30 d, and just before harvest. This study quantified 55 serum metabolites that play important roles in ovine metabolism by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. An RNAseq dataset was generated from each sheep's muscle and adipose tissue at harvest. A statistical analysis of the data was performed using MetaboAnalyst Version 5.0 software in R. The results of multiple analyses showed that three metabolites, betaine, choline, and dimethylamine, are associated with sheep's fat class at a significance of (P &lt; 0.01). Integration with gene expression datasets is still underway due to the limitations of annotating sheep genes. In addition, these metabolites are novel and have never been shown to modulate fat class in sheep. To elucidate methods of predicting which livestock produce ideal carcasses, further research is needed to investigate how betaine and choline impact fatness in sheep.
18 Heritability Estimates for Boer Goat Birth Weights
Authors: Baty Sydney K , Thomas Milton G , Enns R Mark , Speidel Scott E 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Historically, the North American Boer goat industry has focused on visual appraisal for genetic improvement with little objective data recording; however, birth weight and birth type have been recognized as important in Boer goat production systems. The objective of this study was to analyze Boer goat birth weight from a private cooperator to determine the heritability and potential implementation of a genetic evaluation for the trait. A total of 1254 birth weights were recorded between 2014 and 2021 on a breeding farm in Colorado. Given the dry climate, parturitions occurred from November until May depending on the year. There were 84 different sires and 301 unique dams represented in this dataset. All birthweights not collected within 24 hours of birth were excluded from the analysis. Birth weight averaged 3.73 ± 0.86 kg, with a variance of 1.64 kg2, and minimum and maximum birth weights were 0.68 kg and 6.35 kg respectively. The data were cleaned and organized by giving each animal a unique identifier, associated with birth date, sex, and different birth types (singles, twins, triplets, etc.). This was used to create contemporary groups made up of birth year, birth type and sex. A single generation pedigree was included in the evaluation as additional ancestry is still being accumulated from written records. This was an initial genetic evaluation of the dataset; therefore, embryo transfer kids were included in the analysis with no accounting for maternal genetic effects. We acknowledge this model approach has the potential to introduce bias into the evaluation due to the fact that embryo transfer kids experience different in-utero environments and are phenotypically heavier than natural service kids. For these reasons, the maternal genetic effect on birth weight was ignored in this initial analysis. Data were analyzed using a single trait, additive genetic effects animal model and the statistical software package ASReml 3.0. Fixed effects included in the model were birth year, birth type and kid sex. Individual animal was the sole random effect. The birth weight heritability estimate was found to be 0.41 ± 0.08. Comparatively, this is a high heritability when collated to additional estimates reported for other small domestic ruminants, such as sheep. These results provide a foundation for future studies which will include additional pedigree information, the addition of a maternal genetic effect and the exclusion of data from embryo transfer kids.
PS-7 Service-Learning Positively Impacts College Students’ Professional Development
Authors: Thornburgh Jesica , Anderson Ryan , Drewery Merritt L 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Service-learning is a pedagogical approach that integrates community service with academic study. Students apply skills and knowledge in practical situations and reflect on their experiences. Our 3000-level service-learning college course, Leadership Development in Agricultural Sciences, involved student-led development and execution of a one-day event, “AgCamp”, held on university campus for high school students (n = 23). Early in the semester, college students (n = 42) were divided into one of ten cohorts. Throughout the semester, cohorts worked together to define and execute deliverables for AgCamp. The day of AgCamp included lectures and demonstrations in Animal Science, Horticulture, and Agricultural Mechanics; lunch; a lecture on careers in agriculture; and small group discussions about college. The objective of our study was to evaluate if participating in a service-learning course affected college students’ development and perceptions of the value of service-learning for society. Texas State University IRB approved this research (#7980). An electronic mixed methods questionnaire-based survey was developed and distributed to college students enrolled in Leadership Development in Agricultural Sciences as a pre- and post-test at the beginning and end of the Spring 2022 semester. Prior to distribution, survey validity and reliability were established. Questions were scored on a five-point Likert scale where 1=Strongly agree and 5=Strongly disagree. Data were analyzed in SPSS 26.0 using measures of central tendency and paired sample t-tests. As a result of participating in the service-learning course, students significantly increased (P ≤ 0.01) their agreement with “I believe I have strong leadership skills,” from a pre-test mean of 2.25 ± 0.67 to a post-test mean of 1.55 ± 0.68. There was also a trend (P = 0.08) for an increase in agreement with “I feel service-learning makes a positive impact on individuals’ lives,” from a pre-test mean of 1.68 ± 0.76 to a post-test mean of 1.45 ± 0.55. In the post-test, we asked students the degree to which they agreed with: “I feel I would have learned more if more time was spent in the classroom instead of a service-learning platform;” 58% of students disagreed or strongly disagreed. We also asked them to respond to “I felt what I learned in this course will be valuable for my future;” 86% agreed or strongly agreed. Further, 79% of students agreed or strongly agreed that they “developed a greater sense of personal responsibility” and 54% agreed or strongly agreed that they “developed a sense of purpose or direction in life” as a result of participation in the course. Ultimately, our data indicate participating in a service-learning course positively impacts college students professional development, in addition to their perceptions of the benefits of service-learning for society.