bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foreign earnings repatriation: the effect of exchange rate volatility and the risk of expropriation
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Ibrahim Haslindar , Khan Badal , Ahmed Riaz 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the impact of exchange rate volatility and the risk of expropriation on the decision to repatriate foreign earnings.Design/methodology/approachThe current study uses secondary data for foreign subsidiaries of US multinational corporations (MNCs) in 40 countries from 2004 to 2016. We use the dynamic panel difference generalised method of moments (GMM) to estimate the dynamic earnings repatriation model.FindingsThe findings show that foreign subsidiaries of US MNCs in countries with volatile exchange rates tend to repatriate more earnings to the parent company. The findings also reveal that a greater risk of expropriation in the host country leads to the higher repatriation of foreign earnings to the parent company. The findings support the notion that MNCs use the earnings repatriation policy as a means of mitigating risks arising in the host country.Practical implicationsPractical implications for modern managers include shedding light on how financial managers can use earnings repatriation policy to mitigate exchange rate risk and the risk of expropriation in the host country. The findings also contain policy implications at the host country level that how exchange rate volatility and risk of expropriation can reduce foreign investment in the host country.Originality/valueThis study adds to the earnings repatriation literature by analysing the direct effect of exchange rate volatility on earnings repatriation decisions, as opposed to the impact of the exchange rate itself, as suggested by previous research. Hence, the findings broaden our understanding of the direct influence of exchange rate volatility on the decision to repatriate foreign earnings. The present study also examines the role of the risk of expropriation in determining earnings repatriation policy, which has received little attention in prior empirical studies.
An in situ surface defect detection method based on improved you only look once algorithm for wire and arc additive manufacturing
Authors: Wu Jun , Huang Cheng , Li Zili , Li Runsheng , Wang Guilan , Zhang Haiou 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
Wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a widely used advanced manufacturing technology. If the surface defects occurred during welding process cannot be detected and repaired in time, it will form the internal defects. To address this problem, this study aims to develop an in situ monitoring system for the welding process with a high-dynamic range imaging (HDR) melt pool camera.

Design/methodology/approach
An improved you only look once version 3 (YOLOv3) model was proposed for online surface defects detection and classification. In this paper, improvements were mainly made in the bounding box clustering algorithm, bounding box loss function, classification loss function and network structure.

Findings
The results showed that the improved model outperforms the Faster regions with convolutional neural network features, single shot multibox detector, RetinaNet and YOLOv3 models with mAP value of 98.0% and a recognition rate of 59 frames per second. And it was indicated that the improved YOLOv3 model satisfied the requirements of real-time monitoring well in both efficiency and accuracy.

Originality/value
Experimental results show that the improved YOLOv3 model can solve the problem of poor performance of traditional defect detection models and other deep learning models. And the proposed model can meet the requirements of WAAM quality monitoring.
Evaluation of smart village strategies and challenges
Authors: Renukappa Suresh , Suresh Subashini , Abdalla Wala , Shetty Nisha , Yabbati Nagaraju , Hiremath Rahul 
Published: November 2022

PurposeRural communities around the world are searching for solutions to upkeep, restore and improve local services that are deteriorating. They are exploring the potential of a digital transition along with the opportunities and threats created by new patterns of mobility and closer links with urban areas. The expansion of information and communication technologies (ICT)-enhanced applications enables rural communities to improve their quality of life. The concept of smart village is primarily about how rural communities make the best use of both ICT and social innovation by responding to the ongoing and emerging challenges. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate strategies for adoption of smart villages along with the challenges faced.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative research methodology was adopted in this research. A web-based questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data. In total, 110 fully completed and useable questionnaires were received. Statistical analyses were undertaken using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).FindingsThe results indicate that lack of budget, lack of clear strategies for development of sustainable “smart villages”, lack of collaboration between stakeholders and lack of knowledge related to “smart villages” are the most debated challenges for implementing smart village agenda. Whereas smart energy, smart healthcare, smart transport, smart education and smart water are the top five most important smart village strategies.Research limitations/implicationsDespite the novel insights provided by this study, it has some limitations. Given that the research reported in this paper is based on literature review and small-scale survey, results presented are only tentative and not generalisable. The findings of this paper are limited to the UK context only. Although generalisability outside of this context may be limited, the authors infer that the results are relevant to other comparable developed countries.Originality/valueResearch on smart village development is rare. This paper presents a theoretical basis on the concept of smart villages. It adds to the rich insight that goes into the understanding and awareness of the current smart village strategies along with the key challenges organisations encounter when implementing smart village initiatives. This research has implications towards informing professionals and policymakers on key lessons learnt during the implementation of smart village strategies. Also, this paper contributes to the academic debate on smart village development and provides useful recommendations to both policymakers and practitioners.
Plant and soil biodiversity is essential for supporting highly multifunctional forests during Mediterranean rewilding
Authors: Zhou Guiyao , Lucas‐Borja Manuel Esteban , Liu Shengen , Hu Hang‐Wei , He Ji‐Zheng , Wang Xinxin , Jiang Zheng , Zhou Xuhui , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

The multidimensional dynamics of biodiversity and ecosystem function during the rewilding of Mediterranean forests remain poorly understood, limiting our capacity to predict how future restoration efforts may help mitigate climate change.

Here, we investigated the changes in multiple dimensions of biodiversity and ecosystem services in a 120‐year forest succession after harvest to identify potential trade‐offs in multiple dimensions of ecosystem function, and further assess the link between above and below‐ground biodiversity and function.

We found a positive influence of successional age on not only multiple dimensions of biodiversity and function but also some important trade‐offs. Two ecosystem axes of function explained nearly 75.4% of functional variation during ecosystem rewilding. However, while the first axis increased with successional age promoting plant productivity and element stocks, the second axis followed a hump‐shaped relationship with age supporting important reductions in nutrient availability and pathogen control in old forests. Our study further revealed a significant positive relationship between plant and soil biodiversity with multiple elements of multifunctionality as forests develop. Moreover, the influence of plant and soil biodiversity were especially important to support a high number of function working at high levels of functioning.

Our work provides new insights on the patterns and functional trade‐offs in the multidimensional rewilding of forests and further highlights the importance of biodiversity for long‐term Mediterranean rewilding.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Spirituality and children: Perspectives of occupational therapists working with children
Authors: Leitao Jay , Nixon Jordyn , Noble Madison , Willock Taylor , Watts Lynelle , Waters Rebecca , Hatfield Megan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionSpirituality is included as a core part of occupational therapy models, as it can enhance connectedness and belonging and provide meaning to occupations. However, research that has explored occupational therapists' perspectives on spirituality has found that a lack of education and understanding of the concept means that currently many therapists do not address it in their practice. Existing research focusses on adult clients, and there is no known published research that focusses on occupational therapists working with children and their views on spirituality in clinical practice. This study explored the perspectives of occupational therapists working with children on spirituality in their clinical practice with children.MethodsThis study used a qualitative descriptive design. Participants included 20 registered occupational therapists working with children in Australia. Data were collected using focus groups and interviews and analysed using thematic analysis to determine key themes.FindingsFive themes were developed: (1) vagueness and subjectivity of spirituality, (2) overlapping characteristics of spirituality and religion, (3) indirect focus on spirituality, (4) differences in children's spirituality, and (5) outcomes of addressing spirituality.ConclusionOccupational therapists working with children report difficulty conceptualising spirituality and describing its role in clinical practice with children. Despite this, most suggested that spirituality is indirectly applied and has a role in improving the wellbeing of children. There is a need for exploration of how to directly support the use of spirituality in practice with children to further support holistic and family‐centred care.
Do Board Gender Quotas Generate Horizontal Spillovers?
Authors: Bongiovanni Alessio , De Vincentiis Paola , Guariglia Alessandra , Isaia Eleonora , Rossi Mariacristina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUsing a panel of unlisted Italian banks over the period 2006–2018, we examine the extent to which a law that mandatorily introduced female quotas in the boards of Italian listed companies in 2012 had spillover effects on the boards of unlisted banks, which were not required to comply with the quota. Our results show that both the probability of having at least one woman on the board and the proportion of women on the boards of unlisted banks have been rising significantly after the passing of the law. These findings, which are robust to estimating different specifications and to using different estimation techniques, suggest that the quota law contributed to generating a fairer attitude towards women and, more in general, a change in social norms on gender equality. This may have, in turn, generated isomorphic pressures on unlisted banks, inducing them to mimic the board composition of their listed counterparts.
INSURGENT HERITAGE: Mobilizing Memory, Place‐based Care and Cultural Citizenships
Authors: Novoa Magdalena 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBridging critical heritage studies with insurgent planning theory, this article proposes the notion of ‘insurgent heritage’ to discuss heritage preservation's role in constructing urban citizenship in Latin America. Critical heritage scholars have pointed to the European dominant heritage discourse deployed worldwide that excludes subordinated voices in the production of heritage. The research has also illuminated alternative understandings of preservation that sit outside of or opposed to the state and the cultural elites’ concept of what should or should not be preserved. My use of insurgent heritage adds another layer of nuance to this body of work. It promotes a pluriversal perspective by building on Southern urbanisms, Latin American social collective action, and feminist scholarship. Inspired by ethnographic work with heritage grassroots organizations in Chile, this line of argument shows that communities’ local knowledge pushes against the practice of heritage preservation and planning by only sanctioned experts. Instead, by transgressing false dichotomies of informal and formal arenas of politics, insurgent heritage proposes multiple perspectives to envision alternative futures. It reframes grassroots heritage as a sociocultural process mediated by the interplay of memory‐work and the specifics of place as an ethical form of place‐based care that highlights the cultural dimension of citizenship.
Cash thresholds, cash expenditure and tax evasion
Authors: Russo Francesco Flaviano 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUsing data for Italy, I show that cash thresholds that forbid the use of cash for big transactions are effective tools to reduce cash income and cash circulation. Less cash income, in turn, hinders tax evasion. I present an estimate of the increase in tax revenue implied by the empirically estimated reduction of cash income determined by the thresholds.
Influence of a post‐processing heat treatment method on the textural properties of textured vegetable protein
Authors: Choi Hyun Woo , Lee You Young , Ryoo Chaerin , Yoon Hong Il , Hahn Jungwoo , Choi Young Jin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTextured vegetable protein (TVP) is gaining popularity as the market for meat analogues grows, but research on processing to improve the texture of TVPs is needed. Heat treatments can change the textural properties during the processing of meat and meat analogues. Therefore, this study analyzed the textural characteristics of low‐moisture TVPs following heat treatments using steaming, oven‐cooking, microwaving, and vacuum‐autoclaving, which combines vacuum packaging and autoclaving. The moisture content of the meat analogues had different patterns depending on the treatment used, with the most significant decrease in moisture occurred with microwaving. The morphological analysis of the meat analogues showed that oven‐cooking and microwaving preserved a large air–cell structure and that steaming and vacuum‐autoclaving caused a small air–cell structure to form. The texturization index tended to increase only with microwaving. Disulfide bonds were increased with steaming and vacuum‐autoclaving; this was thought to be related to the increase in tiny air–cell structures. In conclusion, the most helpful cooking method was vacuum‐autoclaving since it allowed the treated meat analogues to trap moisture well, and this led to the formation of a dense structure and a lowering of the texturization index. Therefore, the proposed technique of vacuum‐autoclaving was shown to be significant for its potential as a way of processing meat analogues.Practical ApplicationIt is expected to improve the quality of plant‐based meat analogue products by controlling the physical properties of low‐moisture textured vegetable protein (TVP) through steaming, oven, microwave, and vacuum autoclave as post‐heat treatments.
Finding synergies and trade‐offs when linking biodiversity and climate change through cooperative initiatives
Authors: Widerberg Oscar , Boran Idil , Chan Sander , Deneault Andrew , Kok Marcel , Negacz Katarzyna , Pattberg Philipp , Petersson Matilda 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe causes and consequences of biodiversity loss and climate change are deeply intertwined. Hundreds of existing cooperative initiatives—gathering thousands of states, regions, cities, companies, civil society organisations and communities—are potentially bending the curve on biodiversity loss and tackling climate change simultaneously. More research is needed to understand if, how and under what conditions cooperative initiatives are delivering on their promises and importantly how they can contribute to both ‘biodiversity positive outcomes’ and ‘net‐zero emissions’ at the same time.
Neighborhood market potentials for alcohol use and rates of child abuse and neglect
Authors: Freisthler Bridget , Kranich Christiana , Price Wolf Jennifer , Boyd Reiko , Gruenewald Paul J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol use can lead to child abuse and neglect even if the person using alcohol does not use heavily. Yet relatively few measures that reflect alcohol use are available at smaller geographic units. We assess whether the estimated level of total alcohol use per capita is related to measures of child abuse and neglect that include substantiated reports of maltreatment, total entries into foster care, and alcohol‐related entries into foster care.MethodsOur sample consists of 326 Census block groups in Sacramento, California over three time points (978 space–time units). Administrative data for substantiations of child abuse and neglect and foster care entries are our outcomes. We create market potentials for alcohol use among 18‐ to 29‐year‐olds as our primary independent variable. Data are analyzed using Bayesian conditionally autoregressive spatio‐temporal models.ResultsHigher alcohol use potentials (as measured by total volume per capita of 18‐ to 29‐year olds) are related to more children entering foster care due to drinking‐related concerns by a parent or caregiver (RR = 1.032, 95% CI = [1.013, 1.051]), but not total substantiations for foster care entries. Neighborhoods with higher total volume of alcohol per 18‐ to 29‐year‐olds had more foster care entries when we used number of substantiations as the denominator (RR = 1.012, 95% CI = [1.0001, 1.023]) but were not related to foster care entries with alcohol misuse as a concern as a subset of all foster care entries.ConclusionsHigher estimated volume of alcohol use per capita among young adults (aged 18 to 29) was related to more children entering foster care due to alcohol‐related concerns. Reducing alcohol supply in alcohol outlets, specifically through off‐premise establishments, might reduce rates for all entries into foster care or other out‐of‐home placement and substantiated child abuse and neglect.
Impact of native vegetation cover near crops on the occurrence and molecular diversity of fire ants
Authors: Nagatani Victor H. , Ramalho Manuela O. , Alves Juliana M. C. , Souza Rodrigo F. , Kayano Débora Y. , Silva Nathalia S. , Silva Otávio G. M. , Harakava Ricardo , Bueno Odair C. , Hilsdorf Alexandre W. S. , Morini Maria S. C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSolenopsis invicta and Solenopsis saevissima are the most common fire ants in Brazil. Environmental disturbances favour the colony dispersal of both species, particularly those with an anthropogenic origin. However, the frequencies of the species can vary according to the amount of anthropogenic disturbances. Crops near native vegetation fragments is a common landscape in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Here, we analyse if there is influence of native vegetation cover on the occurrence of these fire ants and their molecular diversity in crops. Our hypothesis is that these species are antagonistic in terms of occurrence and molecular diversity when compared in the same habitat. We selected crops near fragments with around 50% of native vegetation cover, a percentage informative enough to detect biological responses from insects belonging to a same order. Nests were collected and the species were identified using external morphology, and mtDNA COI sequences. We reject our hypothesis, which suggest that the species colonize the vegetation patches around crops in a similar way. Solenopsis invicta is not limited by vegetation cover, and has a high haplotype diversity when compared to S. saevissima, particularly when the vegetation cover is greater than 50%. Additionally, the vegetation cover seems to not have influence in the total number of haplotypes, but the species have haplotypes that are exclusive to each landscape. Our findings suggest that S. invicta is expanding to native vegetation areas that it has not occupied before, as S. saevissima was dominant there.
Non‐operative adjuncts for the prevention of mastectomy skin flap necrosis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tang Nicholas , Li Henry , Chow Yvonne , Blake William 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundNative skin flap necrosis is a potentially devastating complication following skin‐sparing or nipple‐sparing mastectomy with a reported incidence of as high as 30%. Treatment depends on the depth and extent of tissue necrosis and can range from dressings to surgical debridement and further reconstruction. This can have implications on patient physical and psychological wellbeing as well as cost of treatment. This study aims to identify and appraise cost‐effective non‐surgical adjuncts for the prevention of native skin flap necrosis.MethodsA systematic review was performed using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) statement and structured around existing recommended guidelines. A search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and ClinicalTrials.gov was performed with the medical subject headings ‘mastectomy’ and ‘flap necrosis’. After exclusion, 12 articles were selected for review and analysed.ResultsA total of 8439 mastectomies were performed on 7895 patients. Preventative non‐surgical adjuncts that demonstrated statistically significant reduction in mastectomy flap necrosis included topical nitroglycerin ointment (P = 0.000), closed‐Incision negative pressure wound therapy (P = 0.000), topical dimethylsulfoxide ointment (P = 0.03), oral cilostazol (P = 0.032), and local heat pre‐conditioning (P = 0.047).ConclusionsThis study identifies multiple adjuncts that may aid in preventing mastectomy skin flap necrosis, especially in high‐risk patients. Further studies could aim to define standardized protocols and compare the various adjuncts in different circumstances.
Machine perfusion organ preservation: Highlights from the American Transplant Congress 2022
Authors: Boteon Yuri L. , Angelico Roberta , Buchholz Bettina M. , Dabare Dilan , Martins Paulo N. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe American Transplant Congress 2022, which took place between June 4th and June 8th of 2022, was a hybrid meeting with in‐person attendance in Boston‐MA and a real‐time virtual experience via an online platform. First, we identified abstracts discussing machine perfusion preservation for all organs, a hot topic and approach that may develop into the new gold standard of organ preservation in the near future. A total of 39 abstracts on organ machine preservation were presented at the meeting. Next, we selected abstracts which focus on advances including new approaches to organ preservation, promising biomarkers, ex‐situ treatment including cellular therapies, and novel research areas. Here, we summarized the latest developments on machine perfusion preservation in both experimental and clinical studies.