bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in slaughter pigs and carcasses in Irish abattoirs and their antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Deane Annette , Murphy Declan , Leonard Finola C. , Byrne William , Clegg Tracey , Madigan Gillian , Griffin Margaret , Egan John , Prendergast Deirdre M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Salmonella is an important zoonotic pathogen and is one of the main causes of foodborne outbreaks and infections in the European Union. Pigs are a significant reservoir and are frequently subclinical carriers of this organism. Salmonella can be shed in the faeces allowing infection to spread to other pigs, the environment, transport vehicles, lairages and other areas. Inadvertent spillage of gut contents during the slaughter process also leads to contamination. A pig Salmonella control programme has operated in Ireland since 2002 but many local surveys and an EUMS baseline survey in 2008 continued to indicate high levels of the organism in the pig sector. The objectives of this study were to generate updated information on the prevalence of Salmonella spp, in slaughter pigs and carcasses in Irish abattoirs. Five pigs from each of 164 herds were randomly sampled over a 14-week period during 2016. One sample from each of the five pigs of; caecal content, ileo-caecal lymph nodes and carcass swabs (pre-chill) were collected. The five caeca and lymph node samples from each herd were processed as one pool of caecal samples and one pool of lymph node samples, respectively, while the five carcass swabs were tested as individual samples. All isolates were characterised by serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility.

Results
In total, 235 Salmonella spp. were isolated from 820 individual carcass swabs, 164 pooled lymph nodes and 164 caecal contents. Salmonella spp. were isolated from 54.3% of the caecal contents and from 31.7% of the ileo-caecal lymph node sample pools. A total of 11.5% of carcass-swab samples yielded Salmonella spp. S. Typhimurium 4,[5],12:i:1,2 or its monophasic variant 4,[5],12:i:-: predominated among isolates from all positive samples; accounting for 73% of lymph nodes, 68% of caecal contents and 56% of carcass swab isolates. S. London and S. Derby were the next most common isolated serotypes.

Conclusions
These results confirm continuing high levels of Salmonella in fattening pigs in Ireland although reductions in carcass contamination compared to previous surveys were noted. A high prevalence of Salmonella in lymph nodes suggests that it remains a significant problem pre slaughter and a challenge to abattoirs in adhering to process hygiene requirements. The high prevalence of monophasic S. Typhimurim 4,[5],12:i:-: is of serious concern.
Therefore, it is important to identify contributing factors in the dissemination of this pathogen in the pork industry in order to minimise the risk of human salmonellosis cases.
Conceptualising, operationalising, and measuring trust in participatory health research networks: a scoping review
Authors: Gilfoyle Meghan , MacFarlane Anne , Salsberg Jon 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
There are many described benefits of community-based participatory research (CBPR), such as increased relevance of research for those who must act on its findings. This has prompted researchers to better understand how CBPR functions to achieve these benefits through building sustainable research partnerships. Several studies have identified “trust” as a key mechanism to achieve sustainable partnerships, which themselves constitute social networks. Although existing literature discusses trust and CBPR, or trust and social networks, preliminary searches reveal that none link all three concepts of trust, CBPR, and social networks. Thus, we present our scoping review to systematically review and synthesize the literature exploring how trust is conceptualised, operationalised, and measured in CBPR and social networks.

Methods
This review follows the guidance and framework of Peters et al. which is underpinned by the widely used framework of Levac and colleagues. Levac and colleagues provided enhancements to the methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley. We explored several electronic databases including Scopus, Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and PsychINFO. A search strategy was identified and agreed upon by the team in conjunction with a research librarian. Two independent reviewers screened articles by title and abstract, then by full-text based on pre-determined exclusion/inclusion criteria. A third reviewer arbitrated discrepancies regarding inclusions/exclusions. A thematic analysis was then conducted to identify relevant themes and sub-themes.

Results
Based on the 26 extracted references, several key themes and sub-themes were identified which highlighted the complexity and multidimensionality of trust as a concept. Our analysis revealed an additional emergent category that highlighted another important dimension of trust—outcomes pertaining to trust. Further, variation within how the studies conceptualised, operationalised, and measured trust was illuminated. Finally, the multidimensionality of trust provided important insight into how trust operates as a context, mechanism, and outcome.

Conclusions
Findings provide support for future research to incorporate trust as a lens to explore the social-relational aspects of partnerships and the scope to develop interventions to support trust in partnerships.
Transcription factor Foxp1 is essential for the induction of choroidal neovascularization
Authors: Yan Meifang , Li Junjian , Yan Li , Li Xue , Chen Jie-Guang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The exudative form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized by abnormal blood vessel growth, which is stimulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) released from retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The angiogenic behaviors of vascular endothelial cells in vitro depend on forkhead box protein P1 (Foxp1), a transcription repressor widely expressed in human and murine tissues during development. In this study, we aimed to determine whether loss of Foxp1 affects laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in mouse.

Methods
Eye-selective deletion of Foxp1 was obtained by crossing Foxp1flox/flox with Six3-Cre mice. Laser photocoagulation was delivered to six- to eight-week-old mice to induce CNV. The expression of Foxp1 and Cre was determined by immunofluorescence in cryostat sections of the eyes. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and B4 isolectin staining were applied to analyze the leakage, bulge height, and area of CNV lesions, respectively. RPE-choroid tissues were isolated for the determination of VEGF and pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) by Western blotting.

Results
Foxp1 was expressed in retinal ganglion cells, RPE, and the choroidal endothelial cells. Laser photocoagulation increased the number of Foxp1+-endothelial cells and induced CNV. Six3-Cre reduced Foxp1 expression in RPE but not the endothelium, leading to a lower level of VEGF in the RPE-choroid. Foxp1 knockout inhibited pathological angiogenesis and vascular leakage of the laser-induced CNV lesions.

Conclusions
Foxp1 regulates the expression of VEGF in the RPE, and inhibition of Foxp1 could potentially be a novel strategy for the prevention and therapy of neovascularization related to AMD.
Two cases of circulatory collapse due to suspected remimazolam anaphylaxis
Authors: Uchida Satoshi , Takekawa Daiki , Kitayama Masato , Hirota Kazuyoshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundRemimazolam was approved in Japan in January 2020. We report two cases of circulatory collapse due to suspected remimazolam anaphylaxis during anesthetic induction.Case presentationCase 1: A 74-year-old male was scheduled for debridement and skin grafting for a severe burn injury. We induced anesthesia with 4 mg of remimazolam and 20 mg of ketamine. The patient subsequently developed treatment-resistant severe hypotension.Case 2: A 59-year-old male was scheduled for laparoscopic-assisted sigmoid colectomy. We induced anesthesia with 9 mg of remimazolam. Within a few minutes, the patient developed treatment-resistant severe hypotension.As serum tryptase was elevated in both cases and only intravenous administration of adrenaline was effective, we considered the circulatory collapse might be due to anaphylaxis.ConclusionWe experienced two cases of circulatory collapse due to suspected remimazolam anaphylaxis during anesthetic induction. The prevalence of remimazolam anaphylaxis is not yet known, and further research is needed.
Growing ganja permission: a real gate-way for Thailand’s promising industrial crop?
Authors: Sommano Sarana Rose , Tangpao Tibet , Pankasemsuk Tanachai , Ponpanumas Voranate , Phimolsiripol Yuthana , Rachtanapun Pornchai , Prasad Shashanka K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe current revision to Thailand’s Narcotics Act (B.E. 2563) permits Thai corporations to produce cannabis (ganja) for therapeutic purposes, as well as conduct beneficial research and development in science and agriculture. While ganja possession, distribution, and use are still illegal in Thailand, the law removes certain elements of Cannabis sativa (including hemp) from the narcotic lists as of December 2020 and Thailand's narcotics board plans to remove them totally from the lists before the last quarter of 2022. The Thai Food and Drug Administration (Thai FDA) board maintains the exclusive licensing authority to assess applications and provide authorization due to the complexity of the registration process. In this view, we analyzed the guidelines for obtaining cannabis production license, and it was apparent that the announced law was in-line with regulations set-out by many countries in terms of security and prevention of misuse. The other criteria however fall merely onto the government gains, rather than public interests. To avoid the claimed state monopoly, several types of licensing should be issued in the future, depending on the genuine purpose of the farmers. The complete regulation process and conditions for obtaining a ganja growing license in Thailand are highlighted and discussed in this review.
Chronic myeloid leukemia: cytogenetics and molecular biology’s part in the comprehension and management of the pathology and treatment evolution
Authors: Benchikh Sara , Bousfiha Amale , El Hamouchi Adil , Soro Somda Georgina Charlene , Malki Abderrahim , Nassereddine Sanaa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundChronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a type of blood cancer that affects hematopoietic stem cells and is often characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome. The Philadelphia chromosome encodes for a protein with high tyrosine kinase activity which acts as a tumorigenic factor.Main bodyThis review article reports an update on the pathophysiology of CML and highlights the role of cytogenetic and molecular biology in screening, diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring as well as evaluating patients’ response to treatment. Additionally, these genetic tests allow identifying additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACA) and BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase domain mutations in intolerant or resistant patients. Thus, therapeutic advances have enabled this pathology to become manageable and almost curable in its clinical course. The scientific literature search used in the synthesis of this paper was carried out in the PubMed database, and the figures were generated using online software named BioRender.ConclusionThe role of cytogenetic and molecular biology is crucial for the diagnosis and medical monitoring of patients. In-depth knowledge of molecular mechanisms of the BCR-ABL kinase facilitated the development of new targeted therapies that have improved the vital prognosis in patients. However, the emergence of ACA and new mutations resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors constitutes a real challenge in the quest for adequate therapy.
Relation of the methylation state of RUNX3 and p16 gene promoters with hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients
Authors: El-shaarawy Fatma , Abo ElAzm Mai M. , Mohamed Rasha H. , Radwan Mohamed I. , Abo-Elmatty Dina M. , Mehanna Eman T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary hepatic malignancy of adults. RUNX3 and p16 are tumor suppressor genes that may be inactivated by hypermethylation which is a key epigenetic mechanism that contributes to the initiation and progression of various types of human carcinomas including HCC. The aim of this study was to assess the association of hypermethylation of RUNX3 and p16 gene promoters with the incidence of HCC in Egyptian patients. The study included 120 subjects: 30 HCC patients, 30 patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) without cirrhosis, 30 cirrhotic patients, and 30 healthy volunteers. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done for detection of hypermethylated p16 and RUNX3. Serum levels of liver enzymes and albumin were detected spectrophotometrically and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) was measured in serum by ELISA.

Results
Methylation of RUNX3 and p16 was detected in 25/30 (83.3%) and 26/30 (86.7%) of HCC patients, respectively. The methylation state of both RUNX3 and p16 genes was significantly higher in HCC patients compared to the control subjects (P = 0.016, OR = 4.38) and (P = 0.014, OR = 4.97), respectively. The methylation of both promoters was associated with higher AFP levels in the serum of all patients.

Conclusions
Hypermethylation of RUNX3 and p16 is significantly associated with the development of HCC and may be implicated in its pathogenesis.
Three novel variants in SOX10 gene: Waardenburg and PCWH syndromes
Authors: Sienes Bailo Paula , Goñi-Ros Nuria , Gazulla José , Álvarez de Andrés Sara , Ros Arnal Ignacio , Izquierdo Álvarez Silvia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by musculoskeletal abnormalities, deafness and hypopigmentation of hair and skin. This article’s aim is to investigate clinical and genetic characteristics of WS in three unrelated Caucasian individuals.

Case presentation
The first patient was a 25-year-old female with congenital bilateral hearing loss, bright-blue-eyes, hypopigmentation of hair and skin, megacolon, language retardation, tenosynovitis and neuromas. The second case was an infant symptomatic from birth, with dysphagia, Hirschsprung disease and neurological abnormalities. The third patient was a 14-year-old boy with congenital bilateral hearing loss and ileocolic Hirschsprung disease. In order to identify variants in potentially causal genes of the patients’ phenotype, genetical testing was conducted: targeted clinical exome, targeted exome and trio exome, respectively. We identified three novel variants spread throughout the coding sequence of SOX10. The c.395C>G variant identified de novo in patient 1 was a single nucleotide substitution in exon 2. The c.850G>T variant identified as heterozygous in patient 2 was a loss-of-function variant that generated a premature stop codon. The c.966dupT variant identified in patient 3 was a duplication that generated a premature stop codon. It had been identified in his father, arising a possible germinal mosaicism. According to in silico predictors the variant identified in patient 1 was considered as pathogenic, whereas the other two were classified as likely pathogenic.

Conclusions
An exact description of the mutations responsible for WS provides useful information to explain clinical features of WS and contributes to better genetic counselling of WS patients.
In silico profiling of non-synonymous SNPs in IDS gene for early diagnosis of Hunter syndrome
Authors: Sivakumar Adarshan , Dinakarkumar Yuvaraj , Al-Qahtani Wahidah H. , Karnan Muthusamy , Rajabathar Jothiramalingam , Charumathi Arokiyaraj , Sadhaasivam Elakiya , Venugopal Aparna Preetha , Singh Baljeet Mukhtiar , Qutub Maqbool , Anjaneyulu Sai Ramesh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Single amino acid substitutions in the Iduronate-2-sulfatase enzyme result in destabilization of the protein and cause a genetic disorder called Hunter syndrome. To gain functional insight into the mutations causing Hunter syndrome, various bioinformatics tools were employed, and special significance is given to molecular docking.

Results
In-silico tools available online for preliminary analysis including SIFT, PolyPhen 2.0, etc., were primarily employed and have identified 51 Non-synonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (ns-SNPs) as possibly deleterious. Further, modelling and energy minimization followed by Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) calculation has labelled 42 mutations as probably deleterious ns-SNPs. Later, trajectory analysis was performed using online tools like PSIPRED, SRide, etc., and has predicted six ns-SNPs as potentially deleterious. Additionally, docking was performed, and three candidate ns-SNPs were identified. Finally, these three ns-SNPs were confirmed to play a significant role in causing syndrome through root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) calculations.

Conclusion
From the observed results, G134E, V503D, and E521D were predicted to be candidate ns-SNPs in comparison with other in-silico tools and confirmed by RMSF calculations. Thus, the identified candidate ns-SNPs can be employed as a potential genetic marker in the early diagnosis of Hunter syndrome after clinical validation.
The physical activity patterns among pregnant women at a tertiary care hospital in, Pakistan
Authors: Nadeem Shabnam , Khatoon Aisha , Rasheed Shaista , Munim Tazeen Fatima 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To determine the physical activity patterns among pregnant women at a tertiary care hospital in, Pakistan.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted through questionnaire for a span of eight months (from 17th July, 2020 till 20th March, 2021) amongst pregnant women visiting Abbasi Shaheed Hospital for ante-natal visit including paramedical staff having 24 to 28 weeks of gestation. With the written consent of participants, the physical activity was assessed by a validated self-reported Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) having 32 questions to determine the duration; frequency, intensity and type of physical activity during pregnancy. Participants were asked to select the physical activity and time spent on it per day during the current gestational period. From the PPAQ, average weekly energy expenditure in Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET-h-week) was calculated. Demographic data including age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, parity, literacy and working status were recorded.
Results: A Total of 229 participants of different ethnicities were enrolled. House hold and care giving type of activities of moderate to light intensity were commonly practiced by our pregnant women. Whereas multi gravida were involved in light physical activities. The Punjabi and Baluchi women mostly took occupational type of physical activities. Working women were physically more active than household women. Around 186 (80%) of the participants had no idea that they should take antenatal exercises during pregnancy.
Conclusion: The study concluded that house hold and care giving type activities with moderate to light intensity were commonly carried by pregnant women. Majority of them had no knowledge of antenatal exercise.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.4809
How to cite this:Nadeem S, Khatoon A, Rasheed S, Munim TF. The physical activity patterns among pregnant women at a tertiary care hospital in, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.4809
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effect of bronchofiberscopic lavage with budesonide suspension on refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
Authors: Li Ya , Yang Wei , Wu Xin , Gou Xiaohua 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To investigate the clinical efficacy of budesonide suspension through bronchofiberscopic lavage in the treatment of refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP).
Methods: A total of 108 children with refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia from June 2018 to October 2020 were randomly divided into two groups: the study group and the control group, with 54 cases in each group. Children in the control group were treated with anti-infective, antitussive, antipyretic routine symptomatic treatment and nebulization of budesonide suspension, while children in the study group were treated with bronchofiberscopic lavage with Budesonide suspension along with standard treatment as in control group. The clinical efficacy, changes in blood gas analysis indexes, levels of inflammatory mediators, time for improvement of clinical symptoms and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.
Results: The efficacy of treatment in the study group was 85.19%, which was higher than 66.67% in the control group (P<0.05). The antipyretic time, antitussive time, lung rales disappearance time and length of hospital stay in the study group were shorter than those in the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, the levels of arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) in the study group were higher than those in the control group, while the levels of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) in the study group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of inflammatory mediators interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the study group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), and no significant difference was found in the comparison of the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05).
Conclusions: Budesonide suspension combined with bronchofiberscopic lavage with Budesonide suspension is a safe treatment regimen that can significantly improve the clinical outcome in children with RMPP. With such a combined treatment regimen, the clinical symptoms of children can be ameliorated, the ventilation function can be enhanced, and the level of inflammatory mediators will be reduced.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.4835
How to cite this:Li Y, Yang W, Wu X, Gou X. Effect of bronchofiberscopic lavage with budesonide suspension on refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.4835
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.