bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benchmark of a multi-physics Monte Carlo simulation of an ion guide for neutron-induced fission products
Authors: Gao Z. , Al-Adili A. , Cañete L. , Eronen T. , Gorelov D. , Kankainen A. , Lantz M. , Mattera A. , Moore I. D. , Nesterenko D. A. , Penttilä H. , Pohjalainen I. , Pomp S. , Rakopoulos V. , Rinta-Antila S. , Vilén M. , Äystö J. , Solders A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo enhance the production of medium-heavy, neutron-rich nuclei, and to facilitate measurements of independent yields of neutron-induced fission, a proton-to-neutron converter and a dedicated ion guide for neutron-induced fission have been developed for the IGISOL facility at the University of Jyväskylä. The ion guide holds the fissionable targets, and the fission products emerging from the targets are collected in helium gas and transported to the downstream experimental stations. A computer model, based on a combination of MCNPX for modeling the neutron production, the fission code GEF, and GEANT4 for the transport of the fission products, was developed. The model will be used to improve the setup with respect to the production and collection of fission products. In this paper we benchmark the model by comparing simulations to a measurement in which fission products were implanted in foils located at different positions in the ion guide. In addition, the products from neutron activation in the titanium foil and the uranium targets are studied. The result suggests that the neutron flux at the high-energy part of the neutron spectrum is overestimated by approximately 40$$\%$$
%
. However, the transportation of fission products in the uranium targets agrees with the experiment within 10$$\%$$
%
. Furthermore, the simulated transportation of fission products in the helium gas achieves almost perfect agreement with the measurement. Hence, we conclude that the model, after correction for the neutron flux, is well suited for optimization studies of future ion guide designs.
Estimating tidal Love number of a class of compact stars
Authors: Das Shyam , Parida Bikram Keshari , Sharma Ranjan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTidal deformability of a star in the presence of an external tidal field provides an important avenue to our understanding about the structure and properties of neutron stars. The deformation of the star is characterized by the tidal Love number (TLN). In this paper, we propose a technique to measure the TLN of a particular class of compact stars. In particular, we analyze the impact of anisotropy and compactness on the TLN.
Bianchi type I cosmology with a Kalb–Ramond background field
Authors: Maluf R. V. , Neves Juliano C. S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn effect of the Lorentz symmetry breaking is pointed out in the cosmological context. Using a Bianchi I geometry coupled to the Kalb–Ramond field, a consequence of the Lorentz symmetry violation is indicated by a different rate of expansion in a given spatial direction. This article focuses on the coupling constant $$\xi _1$$

ξ
1

, which generates, from the Kalb–Ramond field, all three coefficients that give rise to the Lorentz violation in the gravity sector of the minimal Standard Model Extension. The coupling constant $$\xi _1$$

ξ
1

increases the rate of expansion of the universe in a given direction during a dark energy era. As a consequence, a range of validity of that coupling constant is also obtained.
Improved Differential Quadrature Finite Element Method for Free Vibration of Mindlin Plates with Arbitrary Elastic Boundaries
Authors: Xiang Wei , Li Xin , He Lina 
Published: February 2022

This paper proposes an improved differential quadrature finite element method (DQFEM) by combining the virtual boundary spring technique with the standard DQFEM, in order to deal with free vibration of Mindlin plates with arbitrary elastic constraints. The incorporation of the virtual boundary spring technique makes it easy to impose general elastic constraints including some classical boundary conditions and avoids the deficiencies of the classical elimination method, which is widely used to process boundary conditions. The improved DQFEM formulation for rectangular and curvilinear quadrilateral elements is established. Convergence characteristics of the present approach are discussed, and the minimum number of nodes to derive convergent results and the appropriate value of the boundary spring stiffness to simulate classical boundary are obtained. Numerical examples are carried out for Mindlin plates with various boundary conditions and thickness ratios, covering both rectangular and irregular geometries. By numerical comparisons, the high accuracy and the remarkable efficiency of the present method are demonstrated. Additionally, adopting the virtual spring boundary can improve the efficiency to some extent compared with the standard DQFEM.
An RDMA-enabled In-memory Computing Platform for R-tree on Clusters
Authors: Xiao Mengbai , Wang Hao , Geng Liang , Lee Rubao , Zhang Xiaodong 
Published: February 2022

R-tree is a foundational data structure used in spatial databases and scientific databases. With the advancement of networks and computer architectures, in-memory data processing for R-tree in distributed systems has become a common platform. We have observed new performance challenges to process R-tree as the amount of multidimensional datasets become increasingly high. Specifically, an R-tree server can be heavily overloaded while the network and client CPU are lightly loaded, and vice versa.
In this article, we present the design and implementation of Catfish, an RDMA-enabled R-tree for low latency and high throughput by adaptively utilizing the available network bandwidth and computing resources to balance the workloads between clients and servers. We design and implement two basic mechanisms of using RDMA for a client-server R-tree data processing system. First, in the fast messaging design, we use RDMA writes to send R-tree requests to the server and let server threads process R-tree requests to achieve low query latency. Second, in the RDMA offloading design, we use RDMA reads to offload tree traversal from the server to the client, which rescues the server as it is overloaded. We further develop an adaptive scheme to effectively switch an R-tree search between fast messaging and RDMA offloading, maximizing the overall performance. Our experiments show that the adaptive solution of Catfish on InfiniBand significantly outperforms R-tree that uses only fast messaging or only RDMA offloading in both latency and throughput. Catfish can also deliver up to one order of magnitude performance over the traditional schemes using TCP/IP on 1 and 40 Gbps Ethernet. We make a strong case to use RDMA to effectively balance workloads in distributed systems for low latency and high throughput.
Nano-Bio Assemblies Based on Natural and Artificial Proton Pump for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Rozhkova Elena 
Published: February 2022

Bioinspired photocatalytic transformation of solar energy and water to clean fuels such as hydrogen using semiconductors is among the most promising renewable energy technologies. “Greener” schemes of photocatalytic visible-light hydrogen production along with inorganic material utilize biological structures capable of light-harvesting, water splitting, or proton reduction. We have been developing visible-light-driven nano-bio photocatalysts for hydrogen production based on non-covalent assemblies of the natural and synthetic membrane proton pump and TiO2 semiconductor nanoparticles. A natural membrane complex of retinal-bearing proton pump bacteriorhodopsin (also known as purple membranes, PM) from the extremophile organism Halobacterium salinarum has been attracting an attention of researchers owing to its exceptional robustness, excellent photophysical properties, and structure−functional elegance. We demonstrated applicability of PMs in sunlight transformation systems constructed from TiO2, boosted with introduction of reduced graphene oxide rGO, or more recently, constructed as entirely synthetic PM – semiconductor architecture using cell-free synthetic biology approach. Fusing nanotechnology and synthetic biology approaches allows for systemic manipulation at the nanoparticle−bio interface toward directed evolution of energy nanomaterials and nanosystems.
S. Balasubraanian, P. Wang, R. Schaller, T. Rajh, E.A. Rozhkova, NanoLetters 13, 3365−3371 (2013)
P. Wang, N.M. Dimitrijevic, A.Y. Chang, R.D. Schaller, Y. Liu, T. Rajh, E.A. Rozhkova, ACS Nano, 8(8), 7995-8002 (2014)
P. Wang, A. Y. Chang, V. Novosad, V. V. Chupin, R.D. Schaller, E. A. Rozhkova, ACS Nano, 11 (7), pp 6739–6745 (2017)
E.A. Rozhkova, P. Wang. In Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Chemistry, 12, 195-227 (2016)
Racial Disparity in Mechanical Thrombectomy Utilization: Multicenter Registry Results From 2016 to 2020
Authors: Wallace Adam N. , Gibson Daniel P. , Asif Kaiz S. , Sahlein Daniel H. , Warach Steven J. , Malisch Timothy , Lamonte Marian P. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Previous studies on racial disparity in mechanical thrombectomy (MT) treatment of acute large vessel occlusion stroke lack individual patient data that influence treatment decision‐making. We assessed patient‐level data in a large US health care system from 2016 to 2020 for racial disparities in MT utilization and eligibility.

Methods and Results
A retrospective study was performed of 34 596 patients admitted to 43 hospitals from January 2016 to September 2020. Data included patient age, sex, race, residential zip code median income and population density, presenting hospital stroke certification, baseline ambulation, and National Institutes of Health stroke scale. The cohort included 26 640 White, non‐Hispanic (77.0%), and 7956 African American/Black (23.0%) patients. In multivariable logistic regression, Black patients were less likely to undergo MT (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.65; 95% CI, 0.54–0.76), arrive within 5 hours of “last known well” (adjusted OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.69–0.78), and have documented anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (adjusted OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64–0.96). Race was not associated with MT rate among patients arriving within 5 hours of last known well with documented acute large vessel occlusion.

Conclusions
Black patients with stroke underwent MT less frequently than White patients, likely in part because of longer times from last known well to hospital arrival and a lower rate of documented acute large vessel occlusion. Further studies are needed to assess whether extending the MT time window and more aggressive large vessel occlusion screening protocols mitigate this disparity.
Institutional Variation in 30‐Day Complications Following Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Ngo Linh , Ali Anna , Ganesan Anand , Woodman Richard , Krumholz Harlan M. , Adams Robert , Ranasinghe Isuru 
Published: February 2022

Background
Complications are a measure of procedural quality, yet variation in complication rates following catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) among hospitals has not been systematically examined. We examined institutional variation in the risk‐standardized 30‐day complication rates (RSCRs) following AF ablation which may suggest variation in care quality.

Methods and Results
This cohort study included all patients >18 years old undergoing AF ablations from 2012 to 2017 in Australia and New Zealand. The primary outcome was procedure‐related complications occurring during the hospital stay and within 30 days of hospital discharge. We estimated the hospital‐specific risk‐standardized complication rates using a hierarchical generalized linear model. A total of 25 237 patients (mean age, 62.5±11.4 years; 30.2% women; median length of stay 1 day [interquartile range, 1–2 days]) were included. Overall, a complication occurred in 1400 (5.55%) patients (4.34% in hospital, 1.46% following discharge, and 0.25% experienced both). Bleeding (3.31%), pericardial effusion (0.74%), and infection (0.44%) were the most common complications while stroke/transient ischemic attack (0.24%), cardiorespiratory failure and shock (0.19%), and death (0.08%) occurred less frequently. Among 46 hospitals that performed ≥25 ablations during the study period, the crude complication rate varied from 0.00% to 21.43% (median, 5.74%). After adjustment for differences in patient and procedural characteristics, the median risk‐standardized complication rate was 5.50% (range, 2.89%–10.31%), with 10 hospitals being significantly different from the national average.

Conclusions
Procedure‐related complications occur in 5.55% of patients undergoing AF ablations, although the risk of complications varies 3‐fold among hospitals, which suggests potential disparities in care quality and the need for efforts to standardize AF ablation practices among hospitals.
Impact of Right Ventricular‐Pulmonary Circulation Coupling on Mortality in SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection
Authors: Bursi Francesca , Santangelo Gloria , Barbieri Andrea , Vella Anna Maria , Toriello Filippo , Valli Federica , Sansalone Dario , Carugo Stefano , Guazzi Marco 
Published: February 2022

Background
The COVID‐19–related pulmonary effects may negatively impact pulmonary hemodynamics and right ventricular function. We examined the prognostic relevance of right ventricular function and right ventricular‐to‐pulmonary circulation coupling assessed by bedside echocardiography in patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 pneumonia and a large spectrum of disease independently of indices of pneumonia severity and left ventricular function.

Methods and Results

Consecutive COVID‐19 subjects who underwent full cardiac echocardiographic evaluation along with gas analyses and computed tomography scans were included in the study. Measurements were performed offline, and quantitative analyses were obtained by an operator blinded to the clinical data. We analyzed 133 patients (mean age 69±12 years, 57% men). During a mean hospital stay of 26±16 days, 35 patients (26%) died. The mean tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion/pulmonary artery systolic pressure (TAPSE/PASP) ratio was 0.48±0.18 mm/Hg in nonsurvivors and 0.72±0.32 mm/Hg in survivors (
P
=0.002). For each 0.1 mm/mm Hg increase in TAPSE/PASP, there was a 27% lower risk of in‐hospital death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.73 [95% CI, 0.59–0.89];
P
=0.003). At multivariable analysis, TAPSE/PASP ratio remained a predictor of in‐hospital death after adjustments for age, oxygen partial pressure at arterial gas analysis/fraction of inspired oxygen, left ventricular ejection fraction, and computed tomography lung score. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to identify the cutoff value of the TAPSE/PASP ratio, which best specified high‐risk from lower‐risk patients. The best cutoff for predicting in‐hospital mortality was TAPSE/PASP <0.57 mm/mm Hg (75% sensitivity and 70% specificity) and was associated with a >4‐fold increased risk of in‐hospital death (HR, 4.8 [95% CI, 1.7–13.1];
P
=0.007).

Conclusions
In patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 pneumonia, the assessment of right ventricular to pulmonary circulation coupling appears central to disease evolution and prediction of events. TAPSE/PASP ratio plays a mainstay role as prognostic determinant beyond markers of lung injury.
HMGB1‐Promoted Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Contribute to Cardiac Diastolic Dysfunction in Mice
Authors: Zhang Xin‐Lin , Wang Ting‐Yu , Chen Zheng , Wang Hong‐Wei , Yin Yong , Wang Lian , Wang Yong , Xu Biao , Xu Wei 
Published: February 2022

Background
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains an increasing public health problem with substantial morbidity and mortality but with few effective treatments. A novel inflammatory mechanism has been proposed, but the inflammatory signals promoting the development of HFpEF remain greatly unknown.

Methods and Results
Serum of patients with HFpEF was collected for measurement of circulating neutrophils and markers of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). To induce HFpEF phenotype, male C57BL/6 mice underwent uninephrectomy, received a continuous infusion of d‐aldosterone for 4 weeks, and maintained on 1.0% sodium chloride drinking water. Heart tissues were harvested, immune cell types determined by flow cytometry, NETs formation by immunofluorescence, and western blotting. Differentiated neutrophils were cultured to investigate the effect of HMGB1 (high mobility group protein B1) and SGLT2 (sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2) inhibitor on NETs formation in vitro. Circulating neutrophils and NETs markers are elevated in patients with HFpEF, as are cardiac neutrophils and NETs formation in HFpEF mice. NETs inhibition with deoxyribonuclease 1 in experimental HFpEF mice reduces heart macrophages infiltration and inflammation and ameliorates cardiac fibrosis and diastolic function. Damage‐associated molecular pattern HMGB1 expression is elevated in cardiac tissue of HFpEF mice, and HMGB1 inhibition reduces heart neutrophil infiltration and NETs formation and ameliorates diastolic function. Lastly, SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin down‐regulates heart HMGB1 expression, attenuates NETs formation and cardiac fibrosis, and improves diastolic function in HFpEF mice.

Conclusions
NETs contribute to the pathogenesis of HFpEF, which can be ameliorated by HMGB1 inhibition and SGLT2 inhibitors. Thus, HMGB1 and NETs may represent novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of HFpEF.
Influence of Upright Versus Supine Position on Resting and Exercise Hemodynamics in Patients Assessed for Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Berlier Charlotte , Saxer Stéphanie , Lichtblau Mona , Schneider Simon R. , Schwarz Esther I. , Furian Michael , Bloch Konrad E. , Carta Arcangelo F. , Ulrich Silvia 
Published: February 2022

Background
The aim of the present work was to study the influence of body position on resting and exercise pulmonary hemodynamics in patients assessed for pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Methods and Results

Data from 483 patients with suspected PH undergoing right heart catheterization for clinical indications (62% women, age 61±15 years, 246 precapillary PH, 48 postcapillary PH, 106 exercise PH, 83 no PH) were analyzed; 213 patients (main cohort, years 2016–2018) were examined at rest in upright (45°) and supine position, such as under upright exercise. Upright exercise hemodynamics were compared with 270 patients (historical cohort) undergoing supine exercise with the same protocol. Upright versus supine resting data revealed a lower mean pulmonary artery pressure 31±14 versus 32±13 mm Hg, pulmonary artery wedge pressure 11±4 versus 12±5 mm Hg, and cardiac index 2.9±0.7 versus 3.1±0.8 L/min per m
2
, and higher pulmonary vascular resistance 4.1±3.1 versus 3.9±2.8 Wood
P
<0.001. Exercise data upright versus supine revealed higher work rates (53±26 versus 33±22 watt), and adjusting for differences in work rate and baseline values, higher end‐exercise mean pulmonary artery pressure (52±19 versus 45±16 mm Hg,
P
=0.001), similar pulmonary artery wedge pressure and cardiac index, higher pulmonary vascular resistance (5.4±3.7 versus 4.5±3.4 Wood units,
P
=0.002), and higher mean pulmonary artery pressure/cardiac output (7.9±4.7 versus 7.1±4.1 Wood units,
P
=0.001).

Conclusions
Body position significantly affects resting and exercise pulmonary hemodynamics with a higher pulmonary vascular resistance of about 10% in upright versus supine position at rest and end‐exercise, and should be considered and reported when assessing PH.
Ten‐Year Trends in Sleep‐Disordered Breathing After Ischemic Stroke: 2010 to 2019 Data From the BASIC Project
Authors: Schütz Sonja G. , Lisabeth Lynda D. , Gibbs River , Shi Xu , Chervin Ronald D. , Kwicklis Madeline , Case Erin , Brown Devin L. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Despite good evidence that the prevalence of sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) is increasing in the general population, no data are available about trends in poststroke SDB. We therefore sought to assess changes in poststroke SDB over a 10‐year period (2010–2019).

Methods and Results
Participants in the BASIC (Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi) project were offered a home sleep apnea test to assess for SDB after stroke. SDB assessment procedures remained unchanged throughout the study period. Respiratory event index was calculated as the sum of apneas and hypopneas per hour of recording. SDB was defined as respiratory event index ≥10/h for optimal sensitivity and specificity of the home sleep apnea test device compared with in‐laboratory polysomnography. Regression models were used to test associations between SDB prevalence and severity and time, with adjustment for multiple potential confounders. Among the 1215 participants who completed objective sleep apnea testing, the prevalence of SDB grew from 61% in the first year of the study to 76% in the last, with 1.1 times higher odds each year (95% CI, 1.07–1.19), after adjustment. A linear association was identified between time and respiratory event index (average annual respiratory event index increase of 0.56/h; 95% CI, 0.20/h–0.91/h), after adjustment. There was no difference in time trends by sex or ethnicity.

Conclusions
The prevalence and severity of SDB after ischemic stroke has increased over the past 10 years in this population‐based cohort. These data highlight the need to determine whether SDB treatment improves stroke outcomes.
Somatic Mosaicism of a PDGFRB Activating Variant in Aneurysms of the Intracranial, Coronary, Aortic, and Radial Artery Vascular Beds
Authors: Parada Carolina A. , El‐Ghazali Fatima M. , Toglia Daphne , Ruzevick Jacob , McAvoy Malia , Emerson Samuel , Karasozen Yigit , Busald Tina , Nazem Ahmad A. , Suranowitz Shaun M. , Shalhub Sherene , Marshall Desiree A. , Gonzalez‐Cuyar Luis F. , Dorschner Michael O. , Ferreira Manuel 
Published: February 2022

Background
Activating variants in platelet‐derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB), including a variant we have previously described (p.Tyr562Cys [g.149505130T>C [GRCh37/hg19]; c.1685A>G]), are associated with development of multiorgan pathology, including aneurysm formation. To investigate the association between the allele fraction genotype and histopathologic phenotype, we performed an expanded evaluation of post‐mortem normal and aneurysmal tissue specimens from the previously published index patient.

Methods and Results

Following death due to diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage in a patient with mosaic expression of the above PDGFRB variant, specimens from the intracranial, coronary, radial and aortic arteries were harvested. DNA was extracted and alternate allele fractions (AAF) of
PDGFRB
were determined using digital droplet PCR. Radiographic and histopathologic findings, together with genotype expression of
PDGFRB
were then correlated in aneurysmal tissue and compared to non‐aneurysmal tissue. The
PDGFRB
variant was identified in the vertebral artery, basilar artery, and P1 segment aneurysms (AAF: 28.7%, 16.4%, and 17.8%, respectively). It was also identified in the coronary and radial artery aneurysms (AAF: 22.3% and 20.6%, respectively). In phenotypically normal intracranial and coronary artery tissues, the
PDGFRB
variant was not present. The
PDGFRB
variant was absent from lymphocyte DNA and normal tissue, confirming it to be a non‐germline somatic variant. Primary cell cultures from a radial artery aneurysm localized the
PDGFRB
variant to CD31‐, non‐endothelial cells.

Conclusions

Constitutive expression of PDGFRB within the arterial wall is associated with the development of human fusiform aneurysms. The role of targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in fusiform aneurysms with
PDGFRB
mutations should be further studied.