bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dark faces in white spaces: The effects of skin tone, race, ethnicity, and intergroup preferences on interpersonal judgments and voting behavior
Authors: Chirco Patrizia , Buchanan Tonya M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAcross three experimental studies, we explored how a political candidate's intersections of skin tone, race, and ethnicity affect voting preferences and interpersonal judgments (e.g., warmth, trustworthiness, expertise). Study 1 assessed whether White participants would favor a light‐skinned (vs. dark‐skinned) African American candidate. Study 2 investigated participant (White vs. non‐White) voting preferences based on the interaction between candidate race/ethnicity and relative skin tone (lighter vs. darker). In Study 3, we examined the influence of candidate race/ethnicity on voters’ preferences as well as the accuracy and impact of memory for candidate skin tone. Supporting our hypotheses, White participants generally held more negative attitudes (e.g., expressed less warmth, perceived candidates as less trustworthy) and were less likely to vote for underrepresented candidates with darker skin tones than non‐White participants were. Additionally, voters remembered politicians as having a lighter skin tone, and the extent of such bias predicted warmth, perceived trustworthiness, and expertise of the candidate. While candidate race/ethnicity on its own did not affect voting preferences and attitudes, it significantly influenced voters when race/ethnicity was associated with certain skin tones (i.e., brown skin tone). Theoretical, practical, and political implications for judgments influenced by skin tone and race/ethnicity of candidates are discussed.
The association between proton pump inhibitor use and systemic anti‐tumour therapy on survival outcomes in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wei Na , Zheng Bin , Que Wancai , Zhang Jin , Liu Maobai 
Published: February 2022

AimsProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are often prescribed to prevent or treat gastrointestinal disease. Whether the combination of systemic anti‐tumour therapy and PPIs leads to poor outcomes in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unclear. This systematic review explored the relationship between PPIs and survival outcomes of patients with advanced NSCLC who are receiving systemic anti‐tumour therapy.MethodsWe searched studies reporting the overall survival (OS) and/or progression‐free survival (PFS) of advanced NSCLC patients who are receiving systemic anti‐tumour therapy with or without PPIs on PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library for literature published prior to 31 August 2021. The meta‐analysis used a random effects model to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and I2 to assess statistical heterogeneity. Publication bias and sensitivity analysis were performed.ResultsFourteen retrospective studies comprising 13 709 advanced NSCLC patients were identified. Subgroup analyses showed that the use of PPI was correlated with the OS or PFS of patients receiving chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy (PPI users' group vs non‐users' group: HR for OS = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.21–1.51, P < .00001; HR for PFS = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.25–1.80, P < .0001). Publication bias and sensitivity analyses confirmed that the results were robust.ConclusionMeta‐analysis demonstrated that PPI use in advanced NSCLC patients who were undergoing systemic anti‐tumour therapy was correlated with increased mortality risk. Until results are further confirmed, caution should be applied when administering PPIs and systemic anti‐tumour therapy to advanced NSCLC patients.
Bayes Optimal Informer Sets for Early-Stage Drug Discovery
Authors: Yu Peng , Ericksen Spencer , Gitter Anthony , Newton Michael A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn important experimental design problem in early-stage drug discovery is how to prioritize available compounds for testing when very little is known about the target protein. Informer-based ranking (IBR) methods address the prioritization problem when the compounds have provided bioactivity data on other potentially relevant targets. An IBR method selects an informer set of compounds, and then prioritizes the remaining compounds on the basis of new bioactivity experiments performed with the informer set on the target. We formalize the problem as a two-stage decision problem and introduce the Bayes Optimal Informer SEt (BOISE) method for its solution. BOISE leverages a flexible model of the initial bioactivity data, a relevant loss function, and effective computational schemes to resolve the two-step design problem. We evaluate BOISE and compare it to other IBR strategies in two retrospective studies, one on protein-kinase inhibition and the other on anticancer drug sensitivity. In both empirical settings BOISE exhibits better predictive performance than available methods. It also behaves well with missing data, where methods that use matrix completion show worse predictive performance.
Relational language influences young children’s number relation skills
Authors: Chan Jenny Yun‐Chen , Sera Maria D. , Mazzocco Michèle M. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRelational language is thought to influence mathematical skills. This study examines the association between relational language and number relation skills—knowledge of cardinal, ordinal, and spatial principles—among 104 U.S. kindergartners (5.9 years; 44% boys; 37% White, 25% Black, 14% Asian, 24% other) in the 2017–2018 academic year. Controlling for general verbal knowledge, executive function, and counting and number identification skills, relational language predicted later number relation skills, specifically number line estimation, β = .30. Relational language did not differentially predict number line estimation performance in children with low or high number relation skills, likely due to the restricted ranges of data within subgroups. Number relation skills, specifically number line estimation and number ordering, may be a pathway between relational language and mathematical skills.
News coverage of ocean issues and its impacts on public perceptions and conservation information‐seeking of sea turtles
Authors: Santos Bianca S. , Wong‐Parodi Gabrielle 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe news media can influence how the public learns about environmental issues, including endangered marine species such as sea turtles, which may prompt further information‐seeking. However, what people learn through the media can be problematic for conservation efforts if it is misaligned with scientific priorities. Here, we seek to better understand how members of the public learn about sea turtles through the news, assess public perceptions and knowledge about these animals, and evaluate how these variables are associated with information‐seeking behavior on their conservation. We surveyed a representative sample of 1162 adults living in the coastal United States and collected information on ocean news consumption, sea turtle interest, risk perceptions of sea turtle population status and individual threat types, self‐reported knowledge, and information‐seeking behavior. News consumption was associated with interest, risk perceptions of population status, and self‐reported knowledge about sea turtles. Although news consumption was not associated with risk perception about individual hazards, individuals generally viewed pollution as a top hazard facing sea turtle populations, which may misalign with scientific understanding. Greater interest, risk perceptions of population status and overall threat, and knowledge was associated with more information‐seeking behavior, with knowledge moderating the relationship between risk perceptions of population status and information‐seeking behavior. These findings improve understanding of how the public learns about sea turtles through the news media, suggests coupling messaging about sea turtles with their risks may provide more effective conservation messaging, and highlights how educators and conservation stakeholders can use the news as a communication tool.
Predictor of atrial fibrillation recurrence in patients who underwent a tricuspid valve operation with modified Cox maze procedure
Authors: Bak Minjung , Jeong Dong Seop , Park Sung‐Ji , Park Boram , Seo Jeong Hun , Park Ilkun , Kim Jihoon , Chung Su Ryeun , Kim Eun Kyoung , Sung Kiick 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecurrence of any atrial arrhythmia after surgical ablation is known as a negative predictor of cardiovascular events and total mortality. However, there have been no focused studies for atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence prediction in patients with significant tricuspid regurgitation (TR), and the risk‐benefit estimation of surgical ablation in tricuspid valve (TV) surgery is not fully established.MethodWe screened 385 patients who underwent a TV operation between 2001 and 2017. After excluding patients who did not undergo a maze operation, 158 patients were enrolled. Enrolled patients were divided by recurrence of AF. We analyzed the difference between the AF recurrence group and no AF recurrence group, and AF recurrence factors in terms of clinical risk factors and echocardiographic risk factors. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were presented using a Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsAmong 158 patients, AF recurred in 65 patients within 10 years. For AF prediction, age was most the important clinical factor and right atrium (RA) diameter was the most important echocardiographic parameters. In patients with a larger RA diameter over 49.2 mm, the prevalence of AF recurrence was higher (HR 4.322, 95% CI [2.185–8.549], log rank p value < .001). In clinical outcome, there was no significant difference between the AF recurrence group and the no recurrence group in terms of death, TR recurrence, heart failure, and stroke. However, the risk of permanent pacemaker (PPM) insertion was higher in the AF recurrence group (HR 10.240, 95% CI [1.257–83.480], log rank p value .007) compared to the no recurrence group.ConclusionAge and RA enlargement are key predictors of AF recurrence after TV operation with the CM procedure in patients with significant TR.
Functional responses to anthropogenic disturbance and the importance of selected traits: A study case using dung beetles
Authors: Giménez Gómez Victoria C. , Verdú José R. , Casanoves Fernando , Zurita Gustavo A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFunctional diversity has been defined as the value, range, distribution, and relative abundance of the functional traits of individuals that belong to an ecosystem. Thus, the functional response of organisms to environmental disturbances depends largely on their functional traits.Here, we evaluated dung beetle functional diversity associated to the Atlantic Forest replacement using a matrix with 25 functional traits (10 morphological, four ethological, and 11 physiological). We compared functional diversity among native and disturbed habitats with a multi and single trait approach.Contrary to previous studies, habitats with higher disturbance (open pasture) exhibited higher functional diversity compared to native forests, which could be explained by the incorporation of physiological response traits. Species of open disturbed habitats showed extreme values of such traits, explaining the observed pattern.The inclusion of several traits that represent both species ecology and morphology, and their physiology, generates different results to those observed in previous functional studies. This highlights the importance of including a large variety of functional traits in future functional diversity studies.We propose that functional traits must (1) be carefully chosen according to their biological and functional basis; (2) represent species ecology and physiology; and (3) include both effect and response traits. In addition, we consider it is extremely relevant to include a multi and single trait approach in functional diversity studies. A combination of all these considerations will provide a more realistic and complete overview of functional diversity patterns and the potential consequences of human disturbance on ecosystem functioning.
Health economic evidence for the use of molecular biomarker tests in hematological malignancies: A systematic review
Authors: Vu Martin , Degeling Koen , Thompson Ella R. , Blombery Piers , Westerman David , IJzerman Maarten J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesMolecular biomarker tests can inform the clinical management of genomic heterogeneous hematological malignancies, yet their availability in routine care largely depends on the supporting health economic evidence. This study aims to systematically review the economic evidence for recent molecular biomarker tests in hematological malignancies.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search in five electronic databases for studies published between January 2010 and October 2020. Publications were independently screened by two reviewers. Clinical study characteristics, economic methodology, and results were extracted, and reporting quality was assessed.ResultsFourteen studies were identified, of which half (n = 7; 50%) were full economic evaluations examining both health and economic outcomes. Studies were predominantly conducted in a first‐line treatment setting (n = 7; 50%) and adopted a non‐lifetime time horizon to measure health outcomes and costs (n = 7; 50%). Five studies reported that companion diagnostics for associated therapies were likely cost‐effective for acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Four studies suggested molecular biomarker tests for treatment monitoring in chronic myeloid leukemia were likely cost‐saving.ConclusionsAlthough there is initial confirmation of the promising health economic results, the present research for molecular biomarker tests in hematological malignancies is sparse with many applications of technological advances yet to be evaluated.
The impact of environmental factors on early stage Andosol development south of Vatnajökull, Iceland
Authors: Bonatotzky Theresa , Ottner Franz , Erlendsson Egill , Gísladóttir Guðrún 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIcelandic soils develop in a dynamic environment affected by both natural processes and anthropogenic impacts. We present an extensive investigation of soil mineralogy and pedogenesis in a disturbed (i.e., by solifluction) pedon under such conditions. The study focuses on two distinct tephra layers, a rhyolitic tephra from the Öræfajökull eruption in 1362 CE (Ö1362) and a basaltic Veiðivötn tephra from 1477 CE (V1477). Both tephra layers form an important parent material in the study area south of Vatnajökull, Iceland. The Andosol developed from tephra and aeolian material, rich in volcanic glass. The pH (H2O) values were between 5.5 and 6.6 and clay mineralogy displayed a predominance of allophanic material in both soil and tephra. The pedon can be seen in its early stage of chemical weathering and soil development. Despite the overall predominance of non‐ and poorly‐crystalline short‐range order secondary materials and Fe (hydr)oxides in the clay‐size fraction, we found indication of smectite. High exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations reflect enhanced aeolian input of volcanic material, while elevated exchangeable‐Na+ concentrations are most likely caused by the oceanic composition of precipitation. The impact of erosion and aeolian processes on pedogenesis seemed to be higher between the deposition of Ö1362 and V1477, than in the soils above. Both, soil and tephra layers appeared disturbed by erosion–deposition processes over time. Characterised by a significantly coarser particle size composition, low soil organic carbon (SOC) content, and a more diverse mineralogy, a distinct fluvial sediment layer at 10–30 cm depth appeared sharply contrasting to the other soil layers in the profile. This possibly reflects the diverse composition of glaciofluvial material from a landslide originating from a Kvíárjökull moraine in the north. Changed weathering patterns and properties in the soils above the Ö1362 tephra indicated soil degradation following the deposition of the rhyolitic tephra.
Diagnostic imaging and conservative management of an ultimobranchial thyroid cyst in an adult horse
Authors: Mageed Mahmoud , Steinberg Tim , Maleas Grigorios 
Published: February 2022

SummaryAn 18‐year‐old gelding was presented with a mass in the right cranial cervical region. Radiography and ultrasonography of the swelling revealed a well‐circumscribed cystic mass that may have originated from the right thyroid lobe. The cystic mass was found to represent an ultimobranchial thyroid cyst. Nuclear scintigraphy and computed tomography were carried out to assess the thyroid function and the correlation of the cystic mass to the adjacent anatomical structures. Sclerotherapy was performed using an intralesional injection of polidocanol. A 2‐year follow‐up showed a complete resolution of the cystic mass without recurrence.
Parent and child adjustment dual trajectories at the beginning of the COVID‐19 syndemic
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Shein Brenda W. , Khalil Amani , Duncan Robert J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChildren and their families have been significantly impacted by the unfolding of the COVID‐19 syndemic. We sought to identify (1) groups of families with distinct profiles of joint trajectories of parental anxiety and child emotional distress and (2) protective and risk factors associated with these dual‐trajectory profiles. A sample of 488 parents (65% White; 77% mothers) with 3‐ to 8‐year‐old children (MAge = 5.04, SDAge = 1.59) was followed from late March to early July in 2020. Survey data on parent (i.e., anxiety symptoms) and child (i.e., emotional distress) adjustment were collected at three time points. Using multivariate growth mixture modeling, we identified one group with low parental anxiety and child emotional distress (42.7%) and three other distinct groups with varying risk levels among parents and/or children. We also identified protective (e.g., positive parenting) and risk (e.g., child negative affect, negative parenting, perceived stress with racism) factors in predicting parent and child adjustment. It can be concluded that, overall, our sample (mostly middle‐ and high‐socioeconomic status families) demonstrated family resilience amid COVID‐19, consistent with prior disaster coping literature. At the same time, our findings also indicated the need to identify at‐risk families and modifiable factors for post‐disaster public health interventions.
Responsiveness of miscanthus and switchgrass yields to stand age and nitrogen fertilization: A meta‐regression analysis
Authors: Sharma Bijay P. , Zhang Na , Lee DoKyoung , Heaton Emily , Delucia Evan H. , Sacks Erik J. , Kantola Ilsa B. , Boersma Nicholas N. , Long Stephen P. , Voigt Thomas B. , Khanna Madhu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOptimal management of the perennial bioenergy crops, miscanthus and switchgrass, requires an understanding of their responsiveness to nitrogen (N) fertilizer at different maturity stages across locations and growing conditions. Earlier studies that have examined the yield response of these crops to N and stand age using field experiments or meta‐analysis techniques provide mixed evidence. We extend earlier studies by applying a multi‐level mixed‐effects (MLME) meta‐regression model to conduct a more extensive multivariate regression of yield response of these crops to N and stand age, while controlling for climate and location conditions and unobserved factors related to study design. Our findings are based on 1403 and 2811 yield observations for miscanthus and switchgrass, respectively, from experiments conducted between 2002 and 2019 across the rainfed region in the United States. We find statistically significant evidence that an additional year of maturity increases miscanthus and switchgrass yields but at a decreasing rate; yields peak at the 7th and 6th year respectively, for the observed range of applied N rates and stands. We also find that an increase in N application increases yield by a statistically significant level, but at a declining rate; the magnitude of the yield response to N is, however, small and varies with the age of the crop. The impact of N is larger on older compared to younger and middle‐aged stands of miscanthus. In contrast, the impact of N on switchgrass is larger on middle‐aged compared to younger and older stands of switchgrass. We do not find a statistically significant effect of soil productivity on yield for either crop. This analysis provides a basis for developing N application recommendations and optimal rotation age for miscanthus and switchgrass and shows that these energy crops can grow just as productively on low productivity land as on high productivity land.
Labors of love: Work, labor, and care in dog–human relations
Authors: Cudworth Erika 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper suggests that the role of “pet” might be understood as a form of labor, and a condition shaped by human work. Drawing on an empirical study of everyday lives with companion dogs it considers how the work of humans outside the home impacts the lives of people and dogs; and the kinds of carework undertaken by both people and dogs in multispecies homes. The concept of paid work has been foundational in sociology while understanding work as unpaid, privatized and invisible reproductive labor has been secured through feminist interventions. Work, has been assumed to be human exclusive, but this has been recently challenged by research on animal work. This paper deploys (eco)feminist care theory to consider how far work, labor and care might be productive categories in understanding a hitherto neglected area ‐ relationships with companion dogs.
Digital haemophilia: Insights into the use of social media for haemophilia care, research and advocacy
Authors: Chen Robert , Muralidharan Kavitha , Samelson‐Jones Benjamin J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe haemophilia community on Twitter is diverse, consisting of advocacy groups, patients, physicians, researchers and other users. However, the scope of this community is uncharacterized, and limited data is available regarding effective participation in this community.AimTo assess the types of users active in the haemophilia community on Twitter, as well as major themes present in haemophilia‐related tweets.MethodsForty‐nine thousand five hundred and twelve tweets between September 2019 and September 2021 were classified using regular expressions. A subset of the classified tweets was manually analysed to identify prevalent discussion themes.ResultsAmong the top 250 users by post count, the largest categories of users were support and advocacy groups, people with bleeding disorders and healthcare providers. The largest thematic categories of tweets were gene therapy, contaminated haemophilia blood products, haemophilia research, clinical management of haemophilia and COVID‐19. While misinformation was rare, negative and incorrect perceptions of haemophilia were present among the general public.ConclusionOur results demonstrate patterns of effective Twitter usage for patient care, research and advocacy purposes among the haemophilia community.