bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenological Variation in Spring Migration Timing of Adult Alewife in Coastal Massachusetts
Authors: Dalton Rebecca M. , Sheppard John J. , Finn John T. , Jordaan Adrian , Staudinger Michelle D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The timing of biological events in plants and animals, such as migration and reproduction, is shifting due to climate change. Anadromous fishes are particularly susceptible to these shifts as they are subject to strong seasonal cycles when transitioning between marine and freshwater habitats to spawn. We used linear models to determine the extent of phenological shifts in adult Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus as they migrated from ocean to freshwater environments during spring to spawn at 12 sites along the northeastern USA. We also evaluated broadscale oceanic and atmospheric drivers that trigger their movements from offshore to inland habitats, including sea surface temperature, North Atlantic Oscillation index, and Gulf Stream index. Run timing metrics of initiation, median (an indicator of peak run timing), end, and duration were found to vary among sites. Although most sites showed negligible shifts towards earlier timing, statistically significant changes were detected in three systems. Overall, winter sea surface temperature, spring and fall transition dates, and annual run size were the strongest predictors of run initiation and median dates, while a combination of within-season and seasonal-lag effects influenced run end and duration timing. Disparate results observed across the 12 spawning runs suggest that regional environmental processes were not consistent drivers of phenology and local environmental and ecological conditions may be more important. Additional years of data to extend time series and monitoring of Alewife timing and movements in nearshore habitats may provide important information about staging behaviors just before adults transition between ocean and freshwater habitats.
Comparing tissue oximetry to doppler monitoring in 1367 consecutive breast free flaps
Authors: Johnson Braden M. , Cullom Melissa E. , Egan Katie G. , Nazir Niaman , Elver Ashlie A. , Limpiado MarcArthur J. , Lai Eric C. , Butterworth James A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundRetrospective studies evaluating tissue oximetry in a more recent cohort have shown superiority in flap outcomes. This study compares the use of tissue oximetry in a historical cohort to clinical observation and handheld doppler in a more recent cohort. We hypothesize that there is no benefit to using tissue oximetry.MethodsA retrospective review was performed on patients who underwent abdominal‐based autologous breast reconstruction by five microsurgeons at an academic institution from 2009 to 2020. Method of postoperative flap monitoring was determined then operative details and complications were analyzed.Results1367 flaps were reviewed; 740 flaps in 460 patients were monitored with clinical observation and tissue oximetry, and 627 flaps in 391 patients were monitored with clinical observation and handheld doppler. There were no statistical differences in ischemic (p = .59) or congestive complications (p = .41), flap salvage rates when exploring for venous or arterial compromise (p = .52), or early flap loss (p = .56). Although not significant, acute flap‐related return to the operating room was lower in the doppler group (4.6%) compared to the oximetry group (6.1%; p = .22). Flaps monitored with tissue oximetry had a statistical increase in length of stay (4.8 ± 1.4 days vs. 3.8 ± 1.6 days; p ≤ .001). The rates of late partial flap loss and fat necrosis were significantly higher in the oximetry group (2.6%, 19/740 vs. 0.3%, 2/740; p = .04) and (18.2%, 135/740 vs. 13.6%, 85/627; p = .02), respectively.ConclusionsThere is no statistical benefit to the use of tissue oximetry compared to handheld doppler in flap monitoring with regards to flap outcomes.
Thermal oxidative aging of satin weave and thin‐ply polyimide composites
Authors: Petkov Valeri Ivanov , Joffe Roberts , Fernberg Patrik 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe weight loss and damage development of satin weave and thin‐ply carbon fiber‐reinforced polyimide composites are studied during high temperature (288 and 320°C) aging in air. Two distinct regions are identified in the weight loss measurements—a rapid initial desorption and a subsequent slower weight loss, which is attributed to matrix degradation. The initial desorption stage is modeled by combining material constitutive properties from literature, micro‐mechanics and a one‐dimensional Fickian diffusion model. Two different damage patterns are observed by using optical microscopy and X‐ray computed tomography on specimens before and after aging. Crack clusters form a network in satin weave composites, while edge delaminations are observed in thin‐ply laminates, which are known for their enhanced resistance to matrix cracking.
Opposite trends of glycosides and alkaloids in Dendrobium nobile of different age based on UPLC‐Q/TOF‐MS combined with multivariate statistical analyses
Authors: Lu An‐jing , Jiang Yuan , Wu Jia , Tan Dao‐peng , Qin Lin , Lu Yan‐liu , Qian Yong , Bai Chao‐jun , Yang Ji‐yong , Ling Hua , Shi Jing‐shan , Yang Zhou , He Yu‐qi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionAlkaloids and glycosides are the active ingredients of the herb Dendrobium nobile, which is used in traditional Chinese medicine. The pharmacological effects of alkaloids include neuroprotective effects and regulatory effects on glucose and lipid metabolism, while glycosides improve the immune system. The pharmacological activities of the above chemical components are significantly different. In practice, the stems of 3‐year‐old D. nobile are usually used as the main source of Dendrobii Caulis. However, it has not been reported whether this harvesting time is appropriate.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the chemical characteristics of D. nobile in different growth years (1–3 years).MethodsIn this study, ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q/TOF‐MS) was employed to analyze the constituents of D. nobile. The relative abundance of each constituent was analyzed with multivariate statistical analyses to screen the characteristic constituents that contributed to the characterization and classification of D. nobile. Dendrobine, a component of D. nobile that is used for quality control according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, was assayed by gas chromatography.ResultsAs a result, 34 characteristic constituents (VIP > 2) were identified or tentatively identified as alkaloids and glycosides based on MS/MS data. Moreover, the content of alkaloids decreased over time, whereas the content of glycosides showed the opposite trend. The absolute quantification of dendrobine was consistent with the metabolomics results.ConclusionOur findings provide valuable information to optimize the harvest period and a reference for the clinical application of D. nobile.
The holy basil administration diminishes the NF‐kB expression and protects alveolar epithelial cells from pneumonia infection through interferon gamma
Authors: Suresh Arundhathy , Rao Tejeshwar C. , Solanki Sumeet , Suresh Madathilparambil V. , Menon Bindu , Raghavendran Krishnan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBacterial pneumonia is one of the most important causes of mortality in the United States. The bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) accounts for a significant proportion of community and hospital‐acquired infections. Here, we determine that the holy basil (Ocimum sanctum) extract improves cell viability and dampens the proinflammatory cytokine response in an in vitro model of pneumonia. For this, A549, a human alveolar basal epithelial cell line, was subjected to a lethal KP model following a 24‐hr pretreatment with basil extract. Bacteremia, cell viability, apoptosis, MTT assay, phagocytic capacity, cytokines, and Khe gene expression were assessed in these cells following pneumonia. Cell morphology analysis showed that holy basil protected A549 cells from KP infection–mediated effects by inhibiting cell death due to apoptosis. Additionally, in the presence of basil, A549 cells demonstrated significantly higher bactericidal capacity and phagocytosis. Administration of holy basil led to reduced expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1/2a, nuclear factor kappa B, and Khe in the KP‐infected cells while increasing interferon (IFN)‐γ expression. Our results suggest that basil significantly reduced cell death in the setting of KP infection, likely via attenuation of cytokine and IFN‐γ mediated signaling pathways. Holy basil is a promising therapeutic agent for managing and treating bacterial pneumonia based on its potency.
Identification of Penicillic Acid as the Active Principle of Penicillium polonicum Inhibiting the Plant Pathogen Pythium aphanidermatum, and Elucidation of Its Crystal Structure
Authors: Bauri Ajoy K. , Sherkhane Pramod D. , Mukherjee Poulomi , Khan Zareen , Banerjee Kaushik , Carcache de Blanco Esperanza J. , Eugenio Gerardo Anaya , Foro Sabine , Mukherjee Prasun K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPythium aphanidermatum, an oomycete, is a serious, broad host‐range plant pathogen infecting seeds, seedlings and mature plants. It also causes serious losses under post‐harvest conditions. While isolating P. aphanidermatum from an infected bean, we have co‐isolated a fungus that was identified as Penicillium polonicum by using molecular tools. Crude extract obtained from the culture broth exhibited strong inhibitory activity against P. aphanidermatum by agar well assay. Bioassay guided fractionation of crude extract was carried‐out by gradient solvent elution. The major chemical constituent was purified by PTLC followed by crystallization. The structural assignment was done by spectrometric methods and confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction study. Based on these studies, the compound was identified as penicillic acid, in cyclic form. Pure penicillic acid exhibited anti‐proliferative activity against various human cancer cell lines. This is the first report on the crystal structure of penicillic acid, a mycotoxin and an antimicrobial bioactive metabolite.
Biomimetic mineralization synthesis of poly(sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate)‐mediated calcium carbonate magnetic microsphere for kallikrein immobilization
Authors: Lu Min , Zhang Hao , Yin Shi‐Jun , Jiang Hui , Wang Xu , Yang Feng‐Qing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, the poly (sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate)‐mediated calcium carbonate magnetic microspheres were prepared by a simple spontaneous biomimetic mineralization method to immobilize kallikrein. The immobilized kallikrein can be easily separated from the reaction mixture by an external magnet. The structural properties of the materials were studied by several characterization techniques. Subsequently, the immobilized kallikrein enzyme activity and stability were studied. Moreover, the inhibitory potency of ten natural compounds on kallikrein was evaluated by combining with capillary electrophoresis analysis. The immobilized kallikrein exhibited optimum pH and temperature at 7.5 and 75°C, respectively. After seven successive cycles, the immobilized kallikrein retained 82% of its initial activity. Furthermore, the Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) and the half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of serine protease inhibitor on the immobilized kallikrein were determined to be 3.30 mM and 67.04 μM, respectively. In addition, berberine, evodine, coptisine, and jatrorrhizine among the ten natural compounds showed good inhibitory activity on the immobilized kallikrein, and their % of inhibition were (43.1 ± 1.7), (34.4 ± 1.9), (38.0 ± 1.7), and (28.5 ± 1.0)%, respectively. These results indicate that the biomimetic mineralization synthetic magnetic microsphere is an efficient method for kallikrein immobilization.
The role of inclusion, discrimination, and belonging for adolescent Science, Technology, Engineering and Math engagement in and out of school
Authors: Mulvey Kelly Lynn , J. Mathews Channing , Knox Jerica , Joy Angelina , Cerda‐Smith Jacqueline 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWomen and ethnic minoritized individuals are underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) domains in postsecondary education and in the workforce. The aim of the current study was to examine whether adolescents' perceptions of inclusivity, belonging, and discrimination in high school STEM classes are related to their STEM class engagement in and outside of school. In this study, ethnically diverse 9th–12th grade high school students from low‐income public schools in the United States (N = 523, Mage = 15.72, SD = 1.24, 49.4% female) completed measures of classroom inclusivity, perceived teacher discrimination, belonging, STEM classroom engagement, and STEM activism orientation. Path analyses revealed direct effects of inclusion and perceived discrimination on STEM activism orientation. Further, findings demonstrated direct effects of inclusion on belonging and on belonging and both STEM classroom engagement and STEM activism orientation. Finally, findings revealed a significant indirect effect of inclusion on STEM classroom engagement through belonging.
Exposure of mouse oocytes to N,N‐dimethylformamide impairs mitochondrial functions and reduces oocyte quality
Authors: Fei Cai‐feng , Guo Shi‐meng , Yin Ying , He Ximiao , Zhou Li‐quan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractN,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) is a widely‐used solvent for the synthesis of synthetic fibers such as polyacrylonitrile fiber, and can also be used to make medicine. Although this organic solvent has multipurpose applications, its biological toxicity cannot be ignored and its impact on mammalian reproduction remains largely unexplored. Our study found that DMF exposure inhibited oocyte maturation and fertilization ability. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that DMF exposure changed the expression of genes and transposable elements in oocytes. Subcellular structure examination found that DMF exposure caused mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal aggregation of mitochondria and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in mouse oocytes. Its exposure also caused abnormal distribution of Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum which formed large number of clusters. In addition, oxidative stress occurs in oocytes exposed to DMF, which was manifested by an increase in the level of reactive oxygen species. We found that DMF exposure induced disordered spindle and chromosomes abnormality. Meanwhile, we examined various histone modification levels in oocytes exposed to DMF and found that DMF exposure reduced H3K9me3, H3K9ac, H3K27ac, and H4K16ac levels in mouse oocytes. Moreover, DMF‐treated oocytes failed to form pronuclei after fusion with normal sperm. Collectively, DMF exposure caused mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, spindle assembly and chromosome arrangement disorder, leading to oocyte maturation arrest and fertilization failure.
Metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder in a Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sondaica)
Authors: van der Weyden Louise , Tibbs Clare , Knott Chris , Dobromylskyj Melanie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA 15‐year‐old spayed female Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sondaica) was presented with a short history of haematuria and dysuria, non‐responsive to antibiotics, and a gradual decline to inappetence over a period of 2–3 months. Ultrasound examination showed a thickened urinary bladder wall and the renal pelvis of right kidney was dilated and cystic. A presumptive diagnosis of renal failure was made, and the tigress was euthanised due to deteriorating quality of life and pronounced weight loss. Histopathology revealed extensive erosion of the urinary bladder wall and marked congestion of the submucosal vasculature, a potential cause of the haematuria observed clinically. Numerous foci of neoplastic cells were also observed throughout the lung parenchyma as well as within lymphatic vessels of the lung, the liver and the kidney. A diagnosis of a metastatic non‐papillary high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the urinary bladder was made. Consistent with this diagnosis, immunohistochemistry revealed the neoplastic cells were negative for uroplakin III, as has been reported for a subset of high‐grade, infiltrative urinary bladder UCs of canines and humans. This is the first report of a primary tumour of the urinary bladder in a tiger and the first report of UC in a tiger.
A review on the use of passive flow control devices as performance enhancement of lift‐type vertical axis wind turbines
Authors: Syawitri Taurista P. , Yao Yufeng , Yao Jun , Chandra Budi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article provides a comprehensive review about passive flow control devices (PFCDs) implemented in lift‐type vertical axis wind turbine (LVAWT), focusing on the underlying flow physics mechanisms and to what extents they can improve the LVAWT performance. In addition, some novel concepts that can be potentially implemented in future are also presented. Based on literature review, it is observed that PFCDs can enhance the power generation of LVAWT up to 172.73% compared with a clean LVAWT. However, this significant improvement still needs to be evaluated carefully by considering the economic feasibility aspect, because PCFDs can increase the design complexity, weight penalty and manufacturing cost of LVAWT. Furthermore, it is essential to design and evaluate the effectiveness of PFCDs using a full VAWT configuration by considering the blade rotating effects and blade‐to‐blade interactions. Finally, evaluation of PFCDs needs to be performed at all ranges of tip speed ratios (TSRs) operation conditions, as there are clear evidences on the correlation between LVAWT performance and different range ofTSRs.This article is categorized under:Sustainable Energy > Wind Energy
Aptamers as promising nanotheranostic tools in the COVID‐19 pandemic era
Authors: Dzuvor Christian K. O. , Tettey Ebenezer Larteh , Danquah Michael K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe emergence of SARS‐COV‐2, the causative agent of new coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) has become a pandemic threat. Early and precise detection of the virus is vital for effective diagnosis and treatment. Various testing kits and assays, including nucleic acid detection methods, antigen tests, serological tests, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), have been implemented or are being explored to detect the virus and/or characterize cellular and antibody responses to the infection. However, these approaches have inherent drawbacks such as nonspecificity, high cost, are characterized by long turnaround times for test results, and can be labor‐intensive. Also, the circulating SARS‐COV‐2 variant of concerns, reduced antibody sensitivity and/or neutralization, and possible antibody‐dependent enhancement (ADE) have warranted the search for alternative potent therapeutics. Aptamers, which are single‐stranded oligonucleotides, generated artificially by SELEX (Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) may offer the capacity to generate high‐affinity neutralizers and/or bioprobes for monitoring relevant SARS‐COV‐2 and COVID‐19 biomarkers. This article reviews and discusses the prospects of implementing aptamers for rapid point‐of‐care detection and treatment of SARS‐COV‐2. We highlight other SARS‐COV‐2 targets (N protein, spike protein stem‐helix), SELEX augmented with competition assays and in silico technologies for rapid discovery and isolation of theranostic aptamers against COVID‐19 and future pandemics. It further provides an overview on site‐specific bioconjugation approaches, customizable molecular scaffolding strategies, and nanotechnology platforms to engineer these aptamers into ultrapotent blockers, multivalent therapeutics, and vaccines to boost both humoral and cellular immunity against the virus.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Respiratory Disease
Canadian Open Digital Distance Education Universities and Academic Integrity
Authors: Hunter Jill , Kier Cheryl A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis chapter highlights aspects of open digital distance education universities (ODDUs) that pose particular challenges for academic integrity promotion and academic misconduct prevention. It also provides insight into how these important issues might be addressed. This topic is especially relevant in light of the global shift to online instruction, in part, as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the 4M Model as a framework, this chapter describes how the macro and micro levels of the university need to work together to promote academic integrity. We provide evidence from the literature that demonstrates that academic integrity issues and solutions are more similar than different between ODDUs and traditional, campus-based institutions of higher learning. Although the context of this book is Canada, much of our discussion applies globally because academic integrity and the move to online education is a growing, global phenomenon.
The Distinctive Nature of Academic Integrity in Graduate Legal Education
Authors: Watson Hamilton Jonnette 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the distinctive nature of academic integrity in graduate legal education in Canada, a nature rooted in the fact that almost all graduate students in law have practiced law. I consider the general acceptance of the unattributed copying of others’ writing within the legal profession and the judiciary, contrasting that tolerance―even approval―with the unsympathetic reception given the same practices in the academy. I then turn to graduate legal education in common law Canada and the diversity among graduate students in law, including significant differences in their undergraduate legal education. Then, because many of the graduate students who have practiced outside Canada want to be admitted to practice law in Canada, I look at the impact that academic misconduct may have on their ability to be admitted to practice. In order to do so, I review all published Canadian court and tribunal admission decisions that considered academic misconduct committed while in law school. Lastly, in light of unique challenges of graduate legal education, I offer some suggestions for preventing academic misconduct and facilitating students’ engagement with their own scholarship.