bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigation on the impingement of spraying jet by an improved smoothed particle hydrodynamics method
Authors: Li Pengfei , Zhang Xiaobing , Wang Liangming 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An improved smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method for simulating the high-velocity impingement of compressible jet flow is implemented. This improved SPH method proposes a treatment to restrict the undesired density dissipation in a specific case. In this research, a utility boundary treatment is proposed to simplify the assumption process of the particles approaching the solid boundary, and the principles of the equations employed in the simulation are illustrated in detail. A free surface condition considering the density and kernel function is employed to describe the gas jet accurately. Based on the improved SPH method we discussed, the case of a spraying jet impinging on a solid wall is simulated. The influence of the neglect of the surrounding particles is discussed. It is demonstrated that a closer distance near the free surface of fluid flow will lead to obvious decay of the density and pressure, the presented SPH method provides a reasonable approach to estimate the fluid characters when the amount of calculation is huge and the neglect of surrounding material is necessary.
Toolpath planning for CNC machining of hub surface of blisk
Authors: Zhu Yu , Xiao Shihong , Wang Wenli 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper presented a toolpath planning and generating method for machining a hub surface of a blisk. This method can be used to generate smooth and gradually changing toolpaths and avoid an undercut on hub. In this paper, the hub surface has been defined with a uθ-parametric region. Then character curves, character points and extension curves have been solved in the uθ-parametric region. These curves have been employed to define boundaries of a machining region on the hub surface. The machining region parted by the boundaries has been mapped into a ws-parametric region which was applied to plan toolpaths. The method was employed to mill the hub surface of a blisk, and the results indicated that the profile error of the hub was within ±0.02mm after machining. This method has a significant value of practical applications, and the machining precision can satisfy the designing requirement of a blisk.
Numerical analysis of 3-D inner flow field for ladder-shaped multiple propellant rocket motor
Authors: Zhou Baihang , Wang Hao , Ruan Wenjun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In order to study the characteristics of ladder-shaped multiple propellant rocket motor, it was conducted that the numerical simulation of the full 3-D inner flow field for ladder-shaped multiple propellant rocket motor working process using FLUENT calculation software. The secondary development was carried out through UDF interface programming, and the changing rules of the added mass in propellant burning surface and dynamic boundary with the burning rate were set, so that the dynamic process of propellant combustion is accurately simulated. The numerical simulation results demonstrated the spatial distribution information of parameters, such as pressure and flow rate at each moment in the inner flow field, and the pressure-time curves of three monitoring points in front, center and rear of the combustion chamber. Then, several key characteristic moments were selected for specific analysis, and the pressure-time curve of the monitoring point was compared with the experimental data to show that the calculated results were basically accurate. The pressure, flow rate and the pressure difference between the internal and external surfaces of the propellant in the rocket motor inner flow field were analyzed. At present, the dynamic boundary treatment method that the burning rate of the propellant varies regularly with the surface pressure has not been applied in the 3-D calculation model. The research results of this paper can provide reference for the numerical simulation of similar structure of solid rocket motors.
Radon concentration in groundwater of north-eastern Sicily (Italy)
Authors: Romano D. , Magazù S. , Sabatino G. , Di Bella M. , Tripodo A. , Nania G. , Gattuso A. , Italiano F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper presents analyses of 222Rn activity
concentration performed on groundwater samples collected from wells
and natural springs in 70 different sites of the crystalline area of
north-eastern Sicily (southern Italy), up to now poorly
studied. Alpha spectroscopy of the short-lived radon progeny was
used to measure the 222Rn activity concentration by means of
the Durridge RAD7 + H2O setup. Radon concentrations were
derived to be in the range of 1.6–57.5 Bq L-1. The higher
values were detected along fluvial valleys and in the crystalline
reliefs, whereas aquifers hosted in the alluvial plains show lower
radon concentrations. The annual effective dose due to intake of
radon by ingestion ranges from 4 to 146.8 μSv y-1. The
average value (56.5 μSv y-1) is below the recommended
limit of 100 μSv y-1 proposed by the World Health
Organization (WHO). In addition, all the measured radon values are
lower than the reference level of 100 Bq L-1 set by the
Italian legislative decree 28/2016 and by the European Directive
2013/51/Euratom. Therefore, all sampling sites are fully compliant
with the legislative requirements in terms of radon
levels. Moreover, results show that the radon levels measured in
groundwater from north-eastern Sicily are similar to those
determined for the adjacent area of southern Calabria, promoting the
assumption of a uniform radon signature in the crystalline domain of
southern Italy. However, further studies are needed to define better
the role of tectonic activity on the content of dissolved radon in
groundwater.
Experimental characterization and Monte Carlo simulation of scintillator detectors in online electron FLASH radiotherapy dosimetry
Authors: Morrocchi Matteo , Pensavalle Jake Harold , Ciarrocchi Esther , Di Martino Fabio , Felici Giuseppe , Galante Federica , Gasparini Alessia , Grasso Luigi , Linsalata Stefania , Massa Maurizio , Moggi Andrea , Pacitti Matteo , Vanreusel Verdi , Verellen Dirk , Bisogni Maria Giuseppina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a fundamental tool in cancer
treatment. Recent technological advances improved considerably
radiotherapy techniques, allowing to obtain more precise, effective
and most importantly safer treatments. However, RT is not without
risks. Ionizing radiation also injures healthy cells, and there is a
limit to the amount of radiation an area of the body can safely
receive over the course of a lifetime. A new delivery method, called
FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) has shown very promising results in
in vivo studies, where a significant increase in healthy
tissue sparing (FLASH effect) was observed. FLASH-RT consists in
delivering the ionizing radiation therapy at dose rates much higher
than the ones used in conventional radiotherapy (CONV-RT). Because
of the novelty of this method, every aspect of FLASH-RT is under
study, such as how the FLASH effect depends on therapy delivery
parameters and what exactly are the underlining biological
mechanisms. Nonetheless, dosimetry presents a challenge to
overcome. The high dose rates cause significant saturation problems
which render standard dosimetric equipment inadequate. Therefore,
the development of online (active) dosimeters is a priority. In the
short term this technology enables more efficient measurements in
the experimental context, since it gives immediate feedback. In the
long term it provides the basis for future studies on dosimetry in
clinical practice.

In this work we show the construction and characterization of online
FLASH dosimeters based on scintillator materials used in
integrating-mode. A GEANT4 based Monte Carlo simulation code is
specifically developed to calculate the medium-equivalence
correction. The simulation is validated with experimental
measurements obtained with a full-fledged FLASH linear accelerator,
which produces electron pulsed beams at very high dose per
pulse. Measurements suggest that the proposed dosimeters have a
linear response in a wide range of dose per pulse values up to
6 Gy/p, while moderate saturation can be observed up to
12.5 Gy/p.
Winding vectors of topological defects: multiband Chern numbers
Authors: Fünfhaus Axel , Kopp Thilo , Lettl Elias 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chern numbers can be calculated within a frame of vortex fields related to phase conventions of a wave function. In a band protected by gaps the Chern number is equivalent to the total number of flux carrying vortices. In the presence of topological defects like Dirac cones this method becomes problematic, in particular if they lack a well-defined winding number. We develop a scheme to include topological defects into the vortex field frame. A winding number is determined by the behavior of the phase in reciprocal space when encircling the defect’s contact point. To address the possible lack of a winding number we utilize a more general concept of winding vectors. We demonstrate the usefulness of this ansatz on Dirac cones generated from bands of the Hofstadter model.
Deciphering modes of long-range energy transfer in perovskite crystals using confocal excitation and wide-field fluorescence spectral imaging
Authors: Behera Tejmani , Pathoor Nithin , Mukherjee Rajat , Chowdhury Arindam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Excitation energy migration beyond mesoscale is of contemporary interest for both solar photovoltaic and light-emissive devices, especially in context of organometal halide perovskites (OMHPs) which have been shown to have very long (charge carrier) diffusion lengths. While understanding the energy propagation pathways in OMHPs is crucial for further advancement of material design and improvement of opto-electronic features, the simultaneous existence of multiple processes like carrier diffusion, photon recycling, and photon transport makes it often complex to differentiate them. In this study, we unravel the diverse yet dominant excitation energy transfer mode(s) in crystalline MAPbBr3 micron-sized 1D rods and plates by localized (confocal) laser excitation coupled with spectrally-resolved wide-field fluorescence imaging. While rarely used, this technique can efficiently probe excitation migration beyond the diffraction limit and can be realized by simple modification of existing epifluorescence microscopy setups. We find that in rods of length below ∼2 microns, carrier diffusion dominates amongst various energy transfer processes. However, the transient non-radiative defects severely inhibit the extent of carrier migration and also temporarily affect the radiative recombination dynamics of the photo-carriers. For MAPbBr3 plates of several tens of micrometers, we find that the photoluminescence (PL) spectral characteristics remain unaltered at short distances (< ∼3 μm) while at a larger distance, the spectral profile is gradually red-shifted. This implies that carrier diffusion dominates over small distances, while photon recycling, i.e., repeated re-absorption and re-emission of photons, propagates excitation energy transfer over extended length scales with assistance from wave-guided photon transport. Our findings can potentially be used for future studies on the characterization of energy transport mechanisms in semiconductor solids as well as for organic (molecular) self-assembled microstructures.
Wetting of liquid Zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloy on steel substrate during hot-dipping: Understanding the role of the flux
Authors: Xu Minyun , Zheng Zhaoyang , Han Dong , Ma Ruina , Du An , Fan Yongzhe , Zhao Xue , Cao Xiaoming 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The surface quality of hot-dipping Zn-Al-Mg coatings was significantly influenced by the composition of fluxes. In this study, five different fluxes were chosen and named as F1 (ZnCl2, NH4Cl), F2 (ZnCl2, NaF), F3 (ZnCl2, NH4Cl, KCl), F4 (ZnCl2, NH4Cl, KCl, SnCl2, HCl), and F5 (ZnCl2, NH4Cl, KCl, BiCl3, HCl). Using the sessile drop method, the influence of different fluxes on the wettability between the liquid Zn-Al-Mg alloy and the steel substrate was elucidated. The results showed that: when the flux composition is ZnCl2-NH4Cl-KCl-BiCl3-HCl, a uniform and dense salt film with a protective effect can be formed on the steel substrate, which prevents the oxidation of the steel substrate and removes the harmful reaction products during hot-dipping. By reducing the solid–liquid interface energy, increasing the work of adhesion between the liquid Zn-6Al-3Mg alloy and steel substrate, and shortening the interface reaction time, the strongest wetting effect between the liquid Zn-6Al-3Mg alloy and the steel substrate was achieved. The coating surface quality was the highest after using the F5 flux. Finally, the mechanism of the assistant plating is discussed.
Investigations on the effect of dielectric medium and WEDM parameters on surface characteristics of Al 7068 (ordnance aluminium) alloy
Authors: B Sharmila , G Selvakumar , S Ram Prakash 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The current experimental work focuses on determining the optimum machining parameter combination for machining AA7068 in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM). WEDM is a promising advanced machining technology, capable of processing complex-shaped components, machining hard/heat treated materials, and cutting conductive ceramics that are complicated to machine using traditional methods. Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal array is adopted to conduct the experiments by considering dielectric medium, pulse on time, pulse off time, peak current, gap voltage, and wire feed as input factors. The output responses like surface roughness, material removal rate, micro hardness, recast layer, surface morphology of the machined surfaces and wire tool were considered for study. The ANOVA method was used to analyse the impact of individual processing parameters on material removal rate and surface roughness. Microhardness of the cut surface was studied using Vicker’s method. Besides, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis are conducted to examine the surface characteristics and elemental composition of the machined working piece at various cutting parameters (EDX). TOPSIS method is chosen to identify the optimal parametric conditions. From the results, the optimum condition achieves surface roughness (3.684 μm) and material removal rate (5.106 mm3 min−1) respectively.
Differential RNA methylation analysis for MeRIP-seq data under general experimental design
Authors: Guo Zhenxing , Shafik Andrew M , Jin Peng , Wu Hao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMotivationRNA epigenetics is an emerging field to study the post-transcriptional gene regulation. The dynamics of RNA epigenetic modification have been reported to associate with many human diseases. Recently developed high-throughput technology named Methylated RNA Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (MeRIP-seq) enables the transcriptome-wide profiling of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification and comparison of RNA epigenetic modifications. There are a few computational methods for the comparison of mRNA modifications under different conditions but they all suffer from serious limitations.ResultsIn this work, we develop a novel statistical method to detect differentially methylated mRNA regions from MeRIP-seq data. We model the sequence count data by a hierarchical negative binomial model that accounts for various sources of variations and derive parameter estimation and statistical testing procedures for flexible statistical inferences under general experimental designs. Extensive benchmark evaluations in simulation and real data analyses demonstrate that our method is more accurate, robust and flexible compared to existing methods.Availability and implementationOur method TRESS is implemented as an R/Bioconductor package and is available at https://bioconductor.org/packages/devel/TRESS.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ABEILLE: a novel method for ABerrant Expression Identification empLoying machine LEarning from RNA-sequencing data
Authors: Labory Justine , Le Bideau Gwendal , Pratella David , Yao Jean-Elisée , Ait-El-Mkadem Saadi Samira , Bannwarth Sylvie , El-Hami Loubna , Paquis-Fluckinger Véronique , Bottini Silvia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Motivation
Current advances in omics technologies are paving the diagnosis of rare diseases proposing a complementary assay to identify the responsible gene. The use of transcriptomic data to identify aberrant gene expression (AGE) has demonstrated to yield potential pathogenic events. However, popular approaches for AGE identification are limited by the use of statistical tests that imply the choice of arbitrary cut-off for significance assessment and the availability of several replicates not always possible in clinical contexts.

Results
Hence, we developed ABerrant Expression Identification empLoying machine LEarning from sequencing data (ABEILLE) a variational autoencoder (VAE)-based method for the identification of AGEs from the analysis of RNA-seq data without the need for replicates or a control group. ABEILLE combines the use of a VAE, able to model any data without specific assumptions on their distribution, and a decision tree to classify genes as AGE or non-AGE. An anomaly score is associated with each gene in order to stratify AGE by the severity of aberration. We tested ABEILLE on a semi-synthetic and an experimental dataset demonstrating the importance of the flexibility of the VAE configuration to identify potential pathogenic candidates.

Availability and implementation
ABEILLE source code is freely available at: https://github.com/UCA-MSI/ABEILLE.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Loss of forebrain BIN1 attenuates hippocampal pathology and neuroinflammation in a tauopathy model
Authors: Ponnusamy Moorthi , Wang Shuai , Yuksel Melike , Hansen Mitchell T , Blazier Danielle M , McMillan Joseph D , Zhang Xiaolin , Dammer Eric B , Collier Lisa , Thinakaran Gopal 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bridging integrator 1 (BIN1) is the second most prevalent genetic risk factor identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. BIN1 encodes an adaptor protein that regulates membrane dynamics in the context of endocytosis and neurotransmitter vesicle release. In vitro evidence suggests that BIN1 can directly bind to tau in the cytosol. In addition, BIN1’s function limits extracellular tau seed uptake by endocytosis and subsequent propagation as well as influences tau release through exosomes. However, the in vivo roles of BIN1 in tau pathogenesis and tauopathy-mediated neurodegeneration remain uncharacterized.
We generated conditional knockout mice with a selective loss of Bin1 expression in the forebrain excitatory neurons and oligodendrocytes in P301S human tau transgenic background (line PS19). PS19 mice develop age-dependent tau neuropathology and motor deficits and are commonly used to study Alzheimer’s disease tau pathophysiology. The severity of motor deficits and neuropathology was compared between experimental and control mice that differ with respect to forebrain BIN1 expression. BIN1’s involvement in tau pathology and neuroinflammation was quantified by biochemical methods and immunostaining. Transcriptome changes were profiled by RNA-sequencing analysis to gain molecular insights.
The loss of forebrain BIN1 expression in PS19 mice exacerbated tau pathology in the somatosensory cortex, thalamus, spinal cord and sciatic nerve, accelerated disease progression and caused early death. Intriguingly, the loss of BIN1 also mitigated tau neuropathology in select regions, including the hippocampus, entorhinal/piriform cortex, and amygdala, thus attenuating hippocampal synapse loss, neuronal death, neuroinflammation and brain atrophy. At the molecular level, the loss of forebrain BIN1 elicited complex neuronal and non-neuronal transcriptomic changes, including altered neuroinflammatory gene expression, concomitant with an impaired microglial transition towards the disease-associated microglial phenotype. These results provide crucial new information on in vivo BIN1 function in the context of tau pathogenesis.
We conclude that forebrain neuronal BIN1 expression promotes hippocampal tau pathogenesis and neuroinflammation. Our findings highlight an exciting region specificity in neuronal BIN1 regulation of tau pathogenesis and reveal cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms involved in BIN1 modulation of tau neuropathology.
Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Treatment and Management of Patients With COVID-19 (September 2022)
Authors: Bhimraj Adarsh , Morgan Rebecca L , Shumaker Amy Hirsch , Baden Lindsey R , Cheng Vincent Chi-Chung , Edwards Kathryn M , Gallagher Jason C , Gandhi Rajesh T , Muller William J , Nakamura Mari M , O’Horo John C , Shafer Robert W , Shoham Shmuel , Murad M Hassan , Mustafa Reem A , Sultan Shahnaz , Falck-Ytter Yngve 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There are many pharmacologic therapies that are being used or considered for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with rapidly changing efficacy and safety evidence from trials. The objective was to develop evidence-based, rapid, living guidelines intended to support patients, clinicians, and other healthcare professionals in their decisions about treatment and management of patients with COVID-19. In March 2020, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) formed a multidisciplinary guideline panel of infectious disease clinicians, pharmacists, and methodologists with varied areas of expertise to regularly review the evidence and make recommendations about the treatment and management of persons with COVID-19. The process used a living guideline approach and followed a rapid recommendation development checklist. The panel prioritized questions and outcomes. A systematic review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature was conducted at regular intervals. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the certainty of evidence and make recommendations. Based on the most recent search conducted on 31 May 2022, the IDSA guideline panel has made 32 recommendations for the treatment and management of the following groups/populations: pre- and postexposure prophylaxis, ambulatory with mild-to-moderate disease, and hospitalized with mild-to-moderate, severe but not critical, and critical disease. As these are living guidelines, the most recent recommendations can be found online at: https://idsociety.org/COVID19guidelines. At the inception of its work, the panel has expressed the overarching goal that patients be recruited into ongoing trials. Since then, many trials were conducted that provided much-needed evidence for COVID-19 therapies. There still remain many unanswered questions as the pandemic evolved, which we hope future trials can answer.