bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of a wire arc additive manufactured 308L stainless steel cylindrical component
Authors: Bellamkonda Prasanna Nagasai , Sudersanan Malarvizhi , Visvalingam Balasubramanian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technology that uses a modified robotic welding machine to manufacture parts in a layer-by-layer pattern. In the current study, a 308L stainless steel (SS) cylindrical component was manufactured by WAAM technique using gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process. The mechanical and microstructural characteristics of the deposited WAAM 308L SS cylinder were investigated. The microhardness of the WAAM SS cylinder varied slightly along the building direction. The lower zone of the cylinder showed higher hardness than the middle and upper zones. The tensile strength (TS), yield strength (YS) and elongation (EL) of the WAAM 308L cylinder are 331–356 MPa, 535–582 MPa, and 44–51% in the longitudinal, transverse and diagonal orientations, respectively. The microstructure of the WAAM SS cylinder is characterized by austenite dendrites that grow vertically and residual ferrite that exists within the austenite matrix. The results show that the properties of 308L SS cylinder produced by the GMAW-WAAM technique is matching with wrought 308L SS alloy (YS: 360–480 MPa, UTS: 530–650 MPa and EL: 35–45%). Therefore, the GMAW-WAAM 308L SS technique is found to be suitable for industrial use to manufacture stainless steel components.
Effects of forging on the mechanical properties of B4Cp/Al composite with flaked Al and Al2O3 particles
Authors: Shi Wenchao , Cao Hong , Chen An , Cui Beishun , Xu Feng , Xue Chuanmei , Gong Dongmei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
To flake the pure aluminum powder, ball grinding and forging are used. The mechanical properties of the forged B4Cp/Al composite are tested. The results show that ball milling can flake the pure aluminum powder. The alumina layer of Al2O3 on the surface of aluminum powder are broken during the ball milling and can be dispersed in the matrix as reinforcement. The hardness of the forged aluminum with flaked Al is higher of 19.5% than that without flaked. The forging can increase ultimate tensile strength of the B4Cp/Al composite. Increasing B4C volume fraction, the average hardness of the forged B4C/Al composite with flaked Al powder gradually increases, relative density gradually decreases, ultimate tensile strength first increases and then decreases.
Fracture mechanical evaluation of the material HCT590X
Authors: Schramm Britta , Weiß Deborah 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
For a reliable, strength-compliant and fracture-resistant design of components and technical structures and for the prevention of damage cases, both the criteria of strength calculation and fracture mechanics are essential. In contrast to strength calculation the fracture mechanics assumes the existence of cracks which might further propagate due to the operational load. First, the present paper illustrates the general procedure of a fracture mechanical evaluation of fatigue cracks in order to assess practical damage cases. Fracture mechanical fundamentals which are essential for the calculation of the stress intensity factors K
I and the experimental determination of fracture mechanical material parameters (e.g. threshold ΔK
I,th against fatigue crack growth, crack growth rate curve) are explained in detail. The subsequent fracture mechanical evaluation on the basis of the local stress situation at the crack tip and the fracture mechanical material data is executed for different materials and selected crack problems. Hereby, the main focus is on the material HCT590X as it is the essential material being investigated by TRR285.
Exploring magneto-optic properties of colloidal two-dimensional copper-doped CdSe nanoplatelets
Authors: Dutta Avisek , Almutairi Amani Saleh , Joseph Jojo P. , Baev Alexander , Petrou Athos , Zeng Hao , Prasad Paras N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Transition-metal-doped semiconductor nanocrystals have received significant attention because of their attractive features deeming them invaluable in various technological fields including optoelectronics, bio-photonics, and energy conversion, to name a few. Of particular, these interests are two-dimensional materials with useful optical and magnetic properties combined with their large surface areas opening up new applications in biotechnology. These applications range from multimodal optical and magnetic bioimaging and sensing to measuring the weak magnetic field due to brain waves using their magneto-optic properties stemming from the exchange interaction between the transition metal dopants and the carrier spins. These magnetic 2D materials could also significantly advance the field of spintronics. In this work, we report on a study of the magnetic and magneto-optic properties of colloidal two-dimensional (2D) copper-doped CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs) that are synthesized using a high-temperature colloidal technique. We carried out optical and circularly polarized magneto-photoluminescence spectrometry to investigate the magnetism in our solution-processed nanostructures doped with copper ion impurities. At cryogenic temperatures, two excitonic features are observed for doped NPLs, which are more prominent compared to the undoped NPLs. Furthermore, the excitonic circular polarization (CP) is recorded as a function of the applied magnetic field (B) and temperature (T). The detailed analysis provides a picture of the magneto-optical behavior of the doped 2D NPLs in the presence of paramagnetic copper ions. This work paves the way for significant advances in bio/nanophotonics where tunable optical and magnetic properties of doped nanoplatelets can be leveraged to make more efficient, flexible, and low-cost devices.
Study on manufacturing hot water-resistant PVOH coated paper by gas grafting palmitoyl chloride (I) – Penetration of palmitoyl chloride during gas grafting of PVOH-coated paper
Authors: Lee Kwang-Seob , Choi Ji-Seon , Choi Kyoung-Hwa , Ryu Jeong-Yong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Gas grafting treatment with fatty acid chloride is a hydrophobization method based on the principle of forming ester bonds by reacting hydroxyl groups on the surface of hydrophilic substances with a gaseous fatty acid chloride. In order to increase the hydrophobization efficiency through gas grafting treatment, it is necessary to form an ester bond concentrated on the surface of the polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) coating layer. When palmitoyl chloride, a fatty acid chloride, reacts with the hydroxyl groups of PVOH to form polyvinyl palmitate, the by-product hydrochloric acid promotes the dehydration of PVOH, causing discoloration while producing polyacetylene. Using this discoloration principle of polyene, it was estimated whether evaporated fatty acid chloride penetrated into the PVOH coating layer. The top layer was coated with PVOH having a saponification degree of 89 %, and the bottom layer was coated with PVOH having a saponification degree of 99 %. There was a difference in the discoloration according to the degree of saponification of PVOH, even the amount of palmitoyl chloride was small as much as 300 mg/m2. It was confirmed that the vaporized fatty acid chloride during gas grafting treatment permeates the PVOH layer of 7 g/m2 even in a very small amount.
Evaluation of nuclear data analysis techniques for volume fraction prediction in the flow meter
Authors: Islami rad Seyedeh Zahra , Gholipour Peyvandi Reza , Gharaghani pour Hasan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The volume fraction percentage measurement in multiphase flows is a vital need in the oil, gas and petroleum industries. Thus, diverse and precise techniques should be presented for achieving this purpose. In this research, the water-oil two-phase flows were simulated using the MCNPX code in operational and real conditions in the oil district of Kharg. A single source 137Cs and a NaI (Tl) detector were used to provide the required data for volume fraction prediction. Then, the ANN, Gaussian, Linear Regression, and Fourier techniques were applied to the acquired nuclear data in order to compare and identify the suitable and precise method for predicting the volume fraction. Using the ANN, Gaussian, Linear Regression, and Fourier techniques, the volume fraction was predicted with a mean relative error percentage of less than 8.71, 10.14, 16.07, and 12.45%, respectively. Also, the root mean square error quantities were calculated 1.05, 1.18, 1.36, and 1.27, respectively. The results reveal that the ANN method has superior in comparison with the other methods.
Fast Prediction of a Rock–Soil Mixture Strength Parameter
Authors: Wei Y. Q. , Wu S. F. , Xiao J. Z. , Cai H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRock–soil mixtures are a special kind of engineering material formed in the Quaternary period. This material’s structure is between that of homogeneous soil and fragmented rock and is heterogeneous. Its strength depends not only on the mechanical properties of the soil and rock but also on the relative proportions of soil and rock and the particle sizes; a practical method for quickly and accurately predicting the strength of the rock–soil mixtures would be important for the design and safe operation of high-fill slope projects. By combining experimental data with an extensive database containing strength test data, this paper addresses the factors that influence a shear strength parameter of rock–soil mixtures, the internal friction angle, φ, and proposes an equation for predicting this internal friction angle. This equation uses four factors: the d40 particle size fraction from a standard particle size distribution curve, the uniformity coefficient Cu, the curvature coefficient Cc, and the prepared sample’s dry density (ρd). The prediction results are verified by both internal checks and by comparing the predictions to data from the literature. The research results show the following: (1) the proposed equation is useful for predicting the strength of rock–soil mixtures; the prediction errors are generally less than 5 % with the maximum errors not exceeding 10 %; (2) the internal friction angle φ of the rock–soil mixtures is nonlinearly correlated with the four influencing factors d40, Cu, Cc, and ρd; and (3) the d40 particle size fraction has the greatest effect on φ, followed by ρd; the effects of Cu and Cc are smaller.
Attentional Enhancement of Tracked Stimuli in Early Visual Cortex Has Limited Capacity
Authors: Adamian Nika , Andersen Søren K. 
Published: October 2022

Keeping track of the location of multiple moving objects is one of the well documented functions of visual attention. However, the mechanism of attentional selection that supports such continuous tracking is unclear. In particular, it has been proposed that target selection in early visual cortex occurs in parallel, with tracking errors arising because of attentional limitations at later processing stages. Here, we examine whether, instead, total attentional capacity for enhancement of early visual processing of tracked targets is shared between all attended stimuli. If the magnitude of attentional facilitation of multiple tracked targets was a key limiting factor of tracking ability, then one should expect it to drop systematically with increasing set-size of tracked targets. Human observers (male and female) were instructed to track two, four, or six moving objects among a pool of identical distractors. Steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) recorded during the tracking period revealed that the processing of tracked targets was consistently amplified compared with the processing of the distractors. The magnitude of this amplification decreased with increasing set size, and at lateral occipital electrodes it closely followed inverse proportionality to the number of tracked items, suggesting that limited attentional resources must be shared among the tracked stimuli. Accordingly, the magnitude of attentional facilitation predicted the behavioral outcome at the end of the trial. Together, these findings demonstrate that the limitations of multiple object tracking (MOT) across set-sizes stem from the limitations of top-down selective attention already at the early stages of visual processing.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe ability to selectively attend to relevant features or objects is the key to flexibility of perception and action in the continuously changing environment. This ability is demonstrated in the multiple object tracking (MOT) task where observers monitor multiple independently moving objects at different locations in the visual field. The role of early attentional enhancement in tracking was previously acknowledged in the literature, however, the limitations on tracking were thought to arise during later stages of processing. Here, we demonstrate that the strength of attentional facilitation depends on the number of tracked objects and predicts successful tracking performance. Thus, it is the limitations of attentional enhancement at the early stages of visual processing that determine behavioral performance limits.
The Theta Paradox: 4-8 Hz EEG Oscillations Reflect Both Sleep Pressure and Cognitive Control
Authors: Snipes Sophia , Krugliakova Elena , Meier Elias , Huber Reto 
Published: October 2022

Human electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations characterize specific behavioral and vigilance states. The frequency of these oscillations is typically sufficient to distinguish a given state; however, theta oscillations (4–8 Hz) have instead been found in near-opposite conditions of drowsiness during sleep deprivation and alert cognitive control. While the latter has been extensively studied and is often referred to as “frontal midline theta,” (fmTheta) the former has been investigated far less but is considered a marker for sleep pressure during wake. In this study we investigated to what extent theta oscillations differed during cognitive tasks and sleep deprivation. We measured high-density EEG in 18 young healthy adults (nine female) performing six tasks under three levels of sleep deprivation. We found both cognitive load and sleep deprivation increased theta power in medial prefrontal cortical areas; however, sleep deprivation caused additional increases in theta in many other, predominantly frontal, areas. The sources of sleep deprivation theta (sdTheta) were task dependent, with a visual-spatial task and short-term memory (STM) task showing the most widespread effects. Notably, theta was highest in supplementary motor areas during passive music listening, and highest in the inferior temporal cortex (responsible for object recognition) during a spatial game. Furthermore, while changes in task performance were correlated with increases in theta during sleep deprivation, this relationship was not specific to the EEG of the same task and did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Altogether, these results suggest that both during sleep deprivation and cognition theta oscillations may preferentially occur in cortical areas not involved in ongoing behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTElectroencephalographic (EEG) research in sleep has often remained separate from research in cognition. This has led to two incompatible interpretations of the function of theta brain oscillations (4–8 Hz): that they reflect local sleep events during sleep deprivation, or that they reflect cognitive processing during tasks. With this study, we found no fundamental differences between theta oscillations during cognition and theta during sleep deprivation that would suggest different functions. Instead, our results indicate that in both cases, theta oscillations are generated by cortical areas not required for ongoing behavior. Therefore, at least in humans, theta may reflect either cortical disengagement or inhibition.
Single Nuclei Analyses Reveal Transcriptional Profiles and Marker Genes for Diverse Supraspinal Populations
Authors: Beine Zachary , Wang Zimei , Tsoulfas Pantelis , Blackmore Murray G. 
Published: October 2022

The mammalian brain contains numerous neurons distributed across forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain that project axons to the lower spinal cord and work in concert to control movement and achieve homeostasis. Extensive work has mapped the anatomic location of supraspinal cell types and continues to establish specific physiological functions. The patterns of gene expression that typify and distinguish these disparate populations, however, are mostly unknown. Here, using adult mice of mixed sex, we combined retrograde labeling of supraspinal cell nuclei with fluorescence-activated nuclei sorting and single-nuclei RNA sequencing analyses to transcriptionally profile neurons that project axons from the brain to lumbar spinal cord. We identified 14 transcriptionally distinct cell types and used a combination of established and newly identified marker genes to assign an anatomic location to each. To validate the putative marker genes, we visualized selected transcripts and confirmed selective expression within lumbar-projecting neurons in discrete supraspinal regions. Finally, we illustrate the potential utility of these data by examining the expression of transcription factors that distinguish different supraspinal cell types and by surveying the expression of receptors for growth and guidance cues that may be present in the spinal cord. Collectively, these data establish transcriptional differences between anatomically defined supraspinal populations, identify a new set of marker genes of use in future experiments, and provide insight into potential differences in cellular and physiological activity across the supraspinal connectome.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe brain communicates with the body through a wide variety of neuronal populations with distinct functions and differential sensitivity to damage and disease. We have used single-nuclei RNA sequencing technology to distinguish patterns of gene expression within a diverse set of neurons that project axons from the mouse brain to the lumbar spinal cord. The results reveal transcriptional differences between populations previously defined on the basis of anatomy, provide new marker genes to facilitate rapid identification of cell type in future work, and suggest distinct responsiveness of different supraspinal populations to external growth and guidance cues.
The Role of Internal Audit, Leadership Effectiveness, and Organizational Culture in Risk Management Effectiveness
Authors: Praise I. , Rapina Rapina 
Published: October 2022

Purpose: To determine the extent to which the role of internal audit, leadership effectiveness, and organizational culture influence the effectiveness of risk management.
Design/Method/Approach: This study uses an explanatory research method with a quantitative approach.
Findings: The results of this study explain that effectiveness of risk management is needed in organizations to achieve organizational goals, especially those related to the role of internal audit, leadership effectiveness, and organizational culture.
Theoretical Implications: This study concludes that to improve the effectiveness of risk management, it can be seen from the role of internal audit, leadership effectiveness, and organizational culture. All variables are measured through the dimensions and indicators of the existing theory.
Practical Implications: This study obtained the results which show that internal audit, leadership effectiveness, and organizational culture have a significant effect on the effectiveness of risk management.
Originality/Value: The originality of this research lies in the dimensions and indicators used to make research questionnaires which were distributed to respondents.
Research Limitations/Future Research: The data collection technique used a survey method at private universities in Bandung and Cimahi which were registered in the List of Higher Education Region IV only.
Paper type: Empirical
Strategic Management Practices and Performance of Parastatals in Kenya
Authors: Wanyama Mildred Bakhoya , Aila Frederick 
Published: October 2022

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to help firms use strategy as an important tool helping both management and employees in control and evaluation of whether or not the institution’s objectives are met.
Design / Method / Approach: The researcher used an exploratory study design, and the data was collected through organised interviews via telephone to gather everything that is relevant for the study. Qualitative data collected was thereafter analysed by finding out similarities and differences among the responses collected from different institutions and conclusions made.
Findings: The findings indicate that strategic management practices are useful predictor variables of performance. The composite R2 value of .714 which indicates that 71.4% variation of performance in parastatals in Kenya is as a result of strategic management practices. Of these practices, strategy implementation had the highest impact on performance. The least was strategy evaluation.
Theoretical Implications: Strategic fit theory was used to analyse the performance of each parastatal. The researcher then presented the data using a descriptive approach by the use of illustrative quotes.
Practical Implications: The performance of parastatals is good with both employees and consumers reporting high levels of satisfaction.
Originality/Value: To achieve any organizational goals, a parastatal needs to plan, formulate and implement. The document is to encourage top management in parastatals to practice strategic management as it will have a positive impact on performance in parastatals in Kenya.
Research Limitations / Future Research: Like many research studies, a small group of 14 parastatals was examined, and conclusions were made basing on the findings from this sample. This brought about a generalization that was applied to all other subjects in the field. This generalization appeared somewhat unfair judgement about other parastatals from where participants were not selected because different institutions may have different cultures and levels of professionalism, practice and performance when it comes to matters of strategic management.
Paper type: Empirical
The Effect of Fragile Self-Esteem on Course Completion in Higher Education
Authors: Dinter Martin , Grässle Sandra , Mosenhauer Moritz 
Published: October 2022

Purpose: Successful completion of higher education is a significant factor of both individual and national development. Self-esteem has been neglected in previous empirical research as a constraint in course completion. We investigate this factor as a basis to develop suitable interventions.
Design/Method/Approach: We use secondary, administrative data of course completion from fully accredited Bachelor- and Master-courses at an Austrian higher education institution.
Findings: Self-Esteem, using measures of social comparison and gender as proxies, lead to reductions of successful completion of higher education.
Theoretical Implications: Internal constraints, i.e. fragile self-esteem, impacts course completion in higher education.
Practical Implications: National and educational institutions aiming at supporting students should focus on emotional support programs alongside professional support programs.
Originality/Value: We offer tentative first evidence of a novel theory on the impact of fragile self-esteem on intertemporal choices, applied to the context of higher education.
Research Limitations/Future Research: An empirical analysis of higher education performance based on a model unifying both ability and self-esteem constraints would provide an ambitious, but interesting avenue for further research.
Acknowledgement: We thank the participants of the Coffee, Cake & Research seminar in the department for Business Administration Online for insightful comments and feedback. We thank Brigitte Auer, Christina Hackhofer and Maria Pammer for helpful conversations. We thank Jochen Frühwirth for data retrieval.
Paper type: Empirical