bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equity closed‐end fund discounts and taxes
Authors: Paudel Shishir , Silveri Sabatino (Dino) , Wu Mark 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAfter documenting CRSP errors in classifying the tax status of distributions, we make use of two important institutional features that the related literature has ignored: (i) tax rate changes and (ii) non‐taxable distributions. We find that taxable distributions lead to discount reductions, and the reduction is greater during high tax periods than during low tax periods. By contrast, non‐taxable distributions have no discernible impact on the discount, consistent with a tax‐based explanation. Importantly, we are able to rule out a competing short‐term trading hypothesis. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of personal taxes in explaining closed‐end fund discounts.
High‐order robust command filtered backstepping design for strict‐feedback systems: A high‐order fully actuated system approach
Authors: Liu Weizhen , Duan Guangren , Hou Mingzhe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA high‐order fully actuated (HOFA) system approach is invoked to construct a high‐order robust command filtered backstepping (HORCFB) controller to track a feasible desired output trajectory for the second‐ and high‐order strict‐feedback systems (SFSs) subjected simultaneously to nonlinear uncertainties, where the subsystems of the SFSs possess a common full‐actuation structure. Unlike the existing classical first‐order state‐space approach, the proposed HORCFB scheme avoids converting the high‐order systems into first‐order ones, and thus simpler to implement and needs fewer steps. Moreover, the presented result avoids the complexity arising due to repeatedly differentiating, namely, the problem of “explosion of complexity.” Stability analysis of the closed‐loop system shows that all the states of the closed‐loop system are kept uniformly ultimately bounded, and the output is driven to track a feasible desired output trajectory with an arbitrarily small error by proper selection of the design parameters. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by the trajectory tracking control problem of a single‐link robot arm with the elastic revolute joint.
GrowliFlower: An image time‐series dataset for GROWth analysis of cauLIFLOWER
Authors: Kierdorf Jana , Junker‐Frohn Laura Verena , Delaney Mike , Olave Mariele Donoso , Burkart Andreas , Jaenicke Hannah , Muller Onno , Rascher Uwe , Roscher Ribana 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present GrowliFlower, a georeferenced, image‐based unmanned aerial vehicle time‐series dataset of two monitored cauliflower fields (0.39 and 0.60 ha) acquired in 2 years, 2020 and 2021. The proposed dataset contains RGB and multispectral orthophotos with coordinates of approximately 14,000 individual cauliflower plants. The coordinates enable the extraction of complete and incomplete time‐series of image patches showing individual plants. The dataset contains the collected phenotypic traits of 740 plants, including the developmental stage and plant and cauliflower size. The harvestable product is completely covered by leaves, thus, plant IDs and coordinates are provided to extract image pairs of plants pre‐ and post‐defoliation. In addition, to facilitate classification, detection, segmentation, instance segmentation, and other similar computer vision tasks, the proposed dataset contains pixel‐accurate leaf and plant instance segmentations, as well as stem annotations. The proposed dataset was created to facilitate the development and evaluation of various machine‐learning approaches. It focuses on the analysis of growth and development of cauliflower and the derivation of phenotypic traits to advance automation in agriculture. Two baseline results of instance segmentation tasks at the plant and leaf level based on labeled instance segmentation data are presented. The complete GrowliFlower dataset is publicly available (http://rs.ipb.uni-bonn.de/data/growliflower/).
Distance to semi‐natural habitats matters for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in wheat roots and wheat performance in a temperate agricultural landscape
Authors: Pirhofer Walzl Karin , Ryo Masahiro , Raatz Larissa , Petermann Jana S. , Gessler Arthur , Joshi Jasmin , Rillig Matthias C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe proximity of semi‐natural habitats and agricultural fields in an agricultural landscape leads to unavoidable biological, chemical, and physical interactions. Fungi can negatively influence, but also support crop growth in agricultural fields. Therefore, in this field study we investigated the colonisation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and non‐AM fungi in winter‐wheat roots as well as winter‐wheat performance in distance to semi‐natural habitats.Materials and MethodsWe sampled in an intensively managed agricultural landscape in North‐east Germany along agricultural transition zones, that is, along 50 m‐transects from semi‐natural habitats like hedgerows and glacially created in‐field ponds—so‐called kettle holes—into agricultural fields.ResultsTo our knowledge, we show for the first time that AM fungal colonisation in winter‐wheat roots decreased linearly with increasing distance to semi‐natural habitats while non‐AM fungal root colonisation did not change. Winter‐wheat grain yield and biomass slightly increased with increasing distance to hedgerows but not to kettle holes. This clearly shows that there is a difference between different crop performance parameters. Random forest machine learning algorithms confirmed the particular importance of distance to semi‐natural habitats for AM fungal root colonisation and for winter‐wheat grain yield. Less intensive agricultural management close to semi‐natural habitats, for example, no herbicide and pesticide applications as a result of nature protection regulations, may partly explain this pattern. However, spatial response patterns of AM but not of non‐AM fungi in wheat roots also point to changed ecological interactions close to semi‐natural habitats.ConclusionSemi‐natural and natural habitats in agricultural landscapes are slowly recognised not only to be important for biodiversity conservation, but also for sustainable crop production. Additionally, they may also be a tool for farmers and policy makers to improve sustainable landscape management. And agricultural transition zones are spatially and temporally complex dynamic ecosystems that should be the focus of further investigations.
2.2: Invited Paper: The Effect of Tablet's Color Temperature on Ocular Health in Children
Authors: Xu Jingjing 
Published: October 2022

This study aims to evaluate the impact of the tablet's screen color temperature on children's eye health.A low color temperature (2800K) tablet and a high color temperature (8500K) tablet were used for 24 children to watch cartoon video. Before and after keeping watching video for 30 minutes, the children were evaluated in some ocular parameters, such as near‐work induced transient myopia (NITM), accommodative lag, near point of convergence, accommodative amplitude et al., and an asthenopia questionnaire. Repeated analysis of variance was used to compare differences between two color temperature settings, before and after watching video, as well as to analyze the interaction.The mean NITM of children increased after using the high color temperature tablet, while the NITM change little after using the low color temperature tablet. After using the tablet for half an hour, the tear film break‐up time was significantly shorter, but there was no significant difference between two color temperature settings. There was no difference in the total score of the visual fatigue questionnaire between the color temperatures settings after watching video. The item of burning sensation tended to score higher after watching the high color temperature tablet.The unusually high color temperature setting in tablet induced greater NITM and higher possibilities of ocular burning sensation in children even they only watched tablet screen for 30 minutes. Color temperature is a sensitive parameter for children's ocular health.
P‐5.2: Study of Air Sampling and Database Analysis on Mask Haze in TFT Manufacturing
Authors: Gao Yan Nan , Yang Cheng Yu 
Published: October 2022

Mask plays the role to transfer the desired pattern on mask into panel substrate, which forms one of the portion of device and performs some electric or optical functions, in the photolithography process during whole TFT manufacturing. Due to the pattern continuously duplicated, a correct pattern shape or dimension on mask is very important in the photolithography process. An abnormal pattern will results in huge loss of yield and cost.The pattern of mask is made from mask factory and used and stored by TFT manufacturer. At normal situation, the pattern of mask should remain the same pattern as that made by mask factory.However, the environment of usage and storage is different from different TFT manufacturers. An unintentional new growth of pattern might gradually grow on existing pattern due to the interaction between environment chemicals and exposure light source. And this is called as haze, a foreign matter grown or deposited on the surface of mask.This is already a prevalent phenomena in TFT photolithography manufacturing or early well known in semiconductor manufacturing. It is already well identified that it is highly related to the storage environment of mask, the so called AMC (Airborne Molecular Contamination).This study shows the way of air sampling and database analysis to identify the potential contaminants of haze in the air and reach the similar finding that organic acids might be the major haze composition in TFT field and this is different from that in semiconductor field.
P‐16.3: Research on Real‐time Road Condition Display System Based on Vehicle Network
Authors: Ju Xingyang , Li Wanlin 
Published: October 2022

As human society continues to progress and develop, people's means of transport are becoming more and more advanced and road conditions more and more complex. In the case of complex traffic conditions, the amount of information available to people driving cars in a short period of time is relatively small for the overall traffic system. Based on the development of the Internet of vehicles technology, this paper proposes a method based on the Internet of vehicles system to present the out‐of‐line‐of‐sight traffic information to vehicle drivers by receiving the out‐of‐line‐of‐sight vehicle information from the roadside unit and obtaining the roadside pedestrian information combined with visual perception.Firstly, the roadside unit receives information on all traffic participants in the traffic node, where vehicle information is obtained by connecting the vehicle unit to the roadside unit, and pedestrian and non‐motorised vehicle information is obtained by using an improved target detection algorithm to convert pedestrian and non‐motorised vehicle coordinates into world coordinates using the principle of camera imaging, thus obtaining the location information of pedestrians and non‐motorised vehicles.Then, after obtaining the information of each traffic participant, the vehicle is informed by the roadside unit, and after the position conversion between the roadside unit and the vehicle, the information of the position of each traffic participant in the view of that vehicle is obtained and the road condition is displayed through the display system.
A simple and rapid route for synthesizing the nanosized g‐C3N4 materials with narrow bandgap and their photocatalytic activity
Authors: Zhang Meihong , Fang Yuqian , Yuan Shuai , Shi Liyi , Wang Zhuyi , Wang Yi , Zhu Jiefang , Zhao Yin 
Published: October 2022

The graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) materials with many intriguing properties have attracted much attention in photocatalysis. The photocatalytic activity of g‐C3N4 is hindered by serious aggregation and limited exposed active sites. Herein is shown that nanosized g‐C3N4 can be simply obtained by a superfast high‐pressure homogenization approach. The high‐pressure homogenization treatment can provide strong force to cut and/or to exfoliate the bulk g‐C3N4 into nanosized g‐C3N4 with good dispersion. Moreover, choosing different solvents during treatment can cause a different surface structure of as‐prepared nanosized g‐C3N4. In addition, the narrow bandgap properties, the high photogenerated charge carrier separation, and the transport abilities are achieved in as‐prepared nanosized g‐C3N4 because of the retaining conjugated C3N4 system.Specifically, the photocatalytic activities of as‐prepared nanosized g‐C3N4 have been significantly enhanced in terms of degradation of organic dye Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation (10 times higher than that of bulk g‐C3N4). These findings can provide a promising and simple approach to the exfoliation, nanonization, and surface functionalization of 2D layered materials.
Preparation of Antibacterial Cellulose Fabric via Copper (II) Oxide and Corn Silk (Stigma maydis) Nanocomposite
Authors: Mohammadi Farhaneh , Montazer Majid , Mianehro Ali , Eslahi Niloofar , Mahmoudi Rad Mahnaz 
Published: October 2022

AbstractConcerning the increasing demand for antibacterial nature‐based textiles, this work deals with the modification of cotton fabric with corn silk as a natural polymer together with the in situ synthesis of copper (II) oxide nanoparticles. Copper acetate is used as a precursor of copper (II) oxide and ascorbic acid as an environmentally friendly reducing agent. The copper (II) oxide/corn silk nanocomposite cotton fabrics are evaluated by FESEM, XRD, FTIR, water absorption, and antibacterial analysis. The treated fabrics exhibit higher water absorption and FESEM images along with EDX spectra confirm the formation of copper (II) oxide nanoparticles and corn silk layer on the fabric surface. FTIR analysis also establishes effective assembling of CuO/corn silk on the cotton surface. Moreover, the antimicrobial efficiency of the nanocomposite is verified to be higher than 90% against Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive model bacteria comprising Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and antifungal properties against Candida albican. Consequently, the fabrication of copper (II) oxide/corn silk nanocomposites on the cotton fabric could be potentially applied for the preparation of antibacterial medical textiles.
Influence of High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) on the Ordered Structure and on the Functional, Morphological, and Thermal Properties of Japonica Rice Starch
Authors: Almeida Raphael Lucas Jacinto , Santos Newton Carlos , Feitoza João Vítor Fonseca , Ribeiro Victor Herbert de Alcântara , Silva Virgínia Mirtes de Alcântara , de Figueiredo Maria José , Ribeiro Celene Ataide Cordeiro , Muniz Cecília Elisa de Sousa , Eduardo Raphael da Silva , Cavalcante Josilene de Assis , Mota Mércia Mélo de Almeida 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigh Hydrostatic Pressure
(HHP) offers a new way of gelatinizing starch, preserving its sensory characteristics such as color and flavor, minimizing thermal damage, in addition to being a technique aims at the production of food thickeners. The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of HHP on the ordered structure and on the functional, morphological, and thermal properties of japonica rice starch (JRS). JRS is dispersed in 20% water and then HHP is applied at pressures of 200, 400, and 600 MPa min−1, where structural, functional, morphological, and thermal parameters are evaluated after the non‐thermal modification. Cracks are found on the surface, with an increase in the average diameter in relation to the pressure applied to the starch, as well as a loss of crystallinity and molecular order, mainly for 600MPa min−1. The modified starch shows a greater affinity for water and oil than the native starch (NJS), and for milk absorption, it is found that the binding capacity to whole milk is higher. HHP is an efficient, low‐cost method and which aims to reduce the use of toxic reagents to the environment.
Automatic Segmentation of Calcified Plaques and Vessel Borders from Abdominal AortaCTAImages Using a2DSpatial Convolutional Multilayer Machine Vision Classifier
Authors: Lin Chia‐Hung , Pai Ching Chou , Kan Chung‐Dann , Wu Jian‐Xing , Chen Pi‐Yun , Pai Neng‐Sheng 
Published: October 2022

The aorta, including the thoracic and abdominal aortas, distributes blood from the heart to the upper and lower circulatory systems. Abdominal aortic sclerosis can cause abdominal aortic aneurysm. When the diameter of the aorta increases by more than 1.5 times its normal size (e.g., ≥4−5 cm, mean diameter in an adult is 2−3 cm), the risk of aneurysm rupture gradually increases. Aneurysm rupture and its associated bleeding have high mortality rates. Hence, the prediction of large diameter aortic aneurysms is an important issue with great clinical implications. In computed tomography angiography (CTA) imaging examination, an assistive tool for automatic image segmentation must be developed to help cardiologists and radiologists evaluate the risk of rupture progression and make appropriate treatment decisions. In this study, two‐dimensional (2D) spatial convolution operations (corner detection) and a multilayer machine vision classifier enabled the automatic segmentation of the luminal region, vascular intima, and calcified plaques in the abdominal aorta. The 2D spatial convolution operations can efficiently increase focus, remove unwanted noise in the convolutional layer, and segment calcified plaques and the vessel border by using a general regression neural network (GRNN)‐based classifier. The classifier's outputs can also be visualized in color presentation (red, green, and blue color series) to identify vessel borders and calcified plaques. Luminal change rate (LCR), calcified plaque rate (CPR), and ellipse ratio (ER) can be defined as criteria for evaluating changes in the luminal region and locating calcified plaques, which can be used to identify the locations of cross‐sectional shape changes and calcified plaques. Based on the collected CTA images from the clinical case studies, the proposed multilayer classifier has promising results for the intended medical purpose. With the LCR index, the correlation coefficients (R2) for manual image segmentation and automatic image segmentation is >0.90 in positive correlation for vessel borders segmentation. The proposed method is an adaptive learning scheme with potential clinical applications in automatic CTA image segmentation for further abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) risk evaluation. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances activate UPR pathway, induce steatosis and fibrosis in liver cells
Authors: Qi Qi , Niture Suryakant , Gadi Sashi , Arthur Elena , Moore John , Levine Keith E. , Kumar Deepak 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPer‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which include perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA), and perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTA), are commonly occurring organic pollutants. Exposure to PFAS affects the immune system, thyroid and kidney function, lipid metabolism, and insulin signaling and is also involved in the development of fatty liver disease and cancer. The molecular mechanisms by which PFAS cause fatty liver disease are not understood in detail. In the current study, we investigated the effect of low physiologically relevant concentrations of PFOA, HFBA, and PFTA on cell survival, steatosis, and fibrogenic signaling in liver cell models. Exposure of PFOA and HFBA (10 to 1000 nM) specifically promoted cell survival in HepaRG and HepG2 cells. PFAS increased the expression of TNFα and IL6 inflammatory markers, increased endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and activated unfolded protein response (UPR). Furthermore, PFAS enhanced cell steatosis and fibrosis in HepaRG and HepG2 cells which were accompanied by upregulation of steatosis (SCD1, ACC, SRBP1, and FASN), and fibrosis (TIMP2, p21, TGFβ) biomarkers expression, respectively. RNA‐seq data suggested that chronic exposures to PFOA modulated the expression of fatty acid/lipid metabolic genes that are involved in the development of NFALD and fatty liver disease. Collectively our data suggest that acute/chronic physiologically relevant concentrations of PFAS enhance liver cell steatosis and fibrosis by the activation of the UPR pathway and by modulation of NFALD‐related gene expression.
Using a combination of midazolam and butorphanol is a safe and effective reversible field sedation protocol for Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) pups
Authors: Whoriskey Sophie , Pearson Linnea E. , Harris Heather S. , Whitmer Emily R. , Liwanag Heather E. M. , Brodie Erin , Johnson Shawn 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundWeddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) are a well‐studied species of phocid with an apparent sensitivity to immobilising agents. Mortality as high as 31% has been reported during field immobilisation. This study investigated the use of a benzodiazepine in combination with an opioid agonist/antagonist for sedation in Weddell seal pups as part of a physiological study.MethodsDuring the 2017 and 2019 Antarctic pupping seasons, 18 Weddell seal pups were sedated by intramuscular administration of a combination of midazolam and butorphanol or intravenous midazolam alone. Individuals were sedated at 1, 3, 5 and 7 weeks of age. Naltrexone and flumazenil were used to reverse sedation. The combination was 100% effective in providing appropriate sedation for the intended procedures.ResultsAnalyses were performed to investigate relationships between dose administered, age, individual reactions, adverse effects and changes in dive physiology. Transient apnoea (10–60 seconds) was the most frequently observed adverse effect. No sedation‐associated morbidity or mortality occurred.LimitationsThe sample size is small and there is no pharmacokinetic information for either sedative or reversal in phocid species.ConclusionsThe combination of midazolam (0.2–0.3 mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.1–0.2 mg/kg) provided safe and effective sedation, with reversible effects, in Weddell seal pups.
Change over time and agreement between clinical markers of disease resolution in dogs with aspiration‐induced lung injury
Authors: Chwala Monica , Hartmann Faye , Waller Kenneth , Dusick Allison , Viviano Katrina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of consensus regarding which markers of disease resolution to prioritise when assessing treatment response in client‐owned dogs with aspiration‐induced lung injury. This study describes the change over time and the agreement between the clinical markers used to determine disease resolution.MethodsPhysical examination (PE), owner‐reported clinical signs (CS‐O), thoracic radiographs (TXR) scores and C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were determined at enrolment, after 24, 48 and 72 hours, and after 7, 14 and 28 days.ResultsPE scores were significantly improved at 48 hours, while CRP initially increased (24 hours) and then decreased (48 hours). PE, CS‐O and CRP significantly improved earlier (7 days) than TXR (14 days). The median number of days to marker normalisation was 7, 9 and 14 for PE, CRP and CS‐O, respectively. Marker agreement was excellent/very good at enrolment and fair/poor during disease recovery.LimitationsAnalysis did not control for differences aetiology of aspiration or the lack of standardisation in treatment approach.ConclusionsPE was the earliest and most consistent marker indicating disease resolution. Serial CRP monitoring (72 hours) may provide an objective marker of early treatment response. Alongside PE normalisation, improvement in CS‐O, CRP and TRX may assist in determining disease resolution and guide treatments, including limiting antibiotic exposure in dogs with aspiration‐induced lung injury.