bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of autophagy-related biomarkers in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension based on bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Yang Zhisong , Zhou Li , Ge Haiyan , Shen Weimin , Shan Lin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Autophagy participates in the regulation of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the role of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in the pathogenesis of the PAH is still unclear. This study aimed to identify the ARGs in PAH via bioinformatics analysis. A microarray dataset (GSE113439) was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to identify differentially expressed ARGs (DEARGs). Protein–protein interactions network, gene ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed to screen hub genes and the underlying molecular mechanisms of PAH. Finally, the mRNA expression of the hub genes was validated using the GSE53408 dataset. Twenty-six DEARGs were identified, all of which were upregulated. Enrichment analyses revealed that these DEARGs were mainly enriched in the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, response to hypoxia, response to nutrient levels, and autophagy. Among these hub genes, the mRNA expression levels of HSP90AA1, HIF1A, MET, IGF1, LRRK2, CLTC, DNM1L, MDM2, RICTOR, and ROCK2 were significantly upregulated in PAH patients than in healthy individuals. Ten hub DEARGs were identified and may participate in the pathogenesis of the PAH via the regulation of autophagy. The present study may provide novel therapeutic targets for PAH prevention and treatment and expand our understanding of PAH.
Advantages of ketamine in pediatric anesthesia
Authors: Simonini Alessandro , Brogi Etrusca , Cascella Marco , Vittori Alessandro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough ketamine is primarily used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, it also presents sedative, amnestic, anesthetics, analgesic, antihyperalgesia, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulant, and antidepressant effects. Its unique pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties allow the use of ketamine in various clinical settings including sedation, ambulatory anesthesia, and intensive care practices. It has also adopted to manage acute and chronic pain management. Clinically, ketamine produces dissociative sedation, analgesia, and amnesia while maintaining laryngeal reflexes, with respiratory and cardiovascular stability. Notably, it does not cause respiratory depression, maintaining both the hypercapnic reflex and the residual functional capacity with a moderate bronchodilation effect. In the pediatric population, ketamine can be administered through practically all routes, making it an advantageous drug for the sedation required setting such as placement of difficult vascular access and in uncooperative and oppositional children. Consequently, ketamine is indicated in prehospital induction of anesthesia, induction of anesthesia in potentially hemodynamic unstable patients, and in patients at risk of bronchospasm. Even more, ketamine does not increase intracranial pressure, and it can be safely used also in patients with traumatic brain injuries. This article is aimed to provide a brief and practical summary of the role of ketamine in the pediatric field.
Dynamic fracture behavior of 11MnNiMo steel under medium-low loading rate
Authors: Li Yilei , Yao Di , Qiao Hongwei , Zhang Kun , Sun Lei , Jiang Xiaosong , Yan Xiao , Li Pengzhou 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this work, the dynamic fracture behavior of 11MnNiMo steel under medium-low loading rate was studied. In the fracture morphology with and without prefab crack, the fracture surface had obvious morphological partition phenomenon. In comparison, there were more crack roots in the crack root region with preset cracks and gradually expanded to the interior. Transmission analysis showed that there were many displacements in the matrix and dispersed secondary phase particles, which should be MnS impurity phase. In the microstructure of 11MnNiMo matrix, the elongated morphology of lath martensite structure was retained. During the process of impact shear deformation, massive plastic deformation was associated with the material, so that a great deal of displacements led to the movement of the slip system. At the same time, the transmission analysis showed that there was elastic stress inside the impact fracture.
Determining the structural life of an electric vehicle battery from road loads
Authors: Düzgün H. Zınar , Şendur Polat 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Although the electrical system is important in the development of electric vehicles, the durability of the battery system against mechanical loads and the performance of the battery against shock reactions are just as important. The objective of this study is to develop a methodology to determine the structural life of the battery of the C-platform sports utility vehicle (SUV). For this purpose, a power spectral density (PSD) durability test profile is generated and compared to battery test standards such as ISO 6469:2019, AK-LH 5.21 and SAE J2380. Analytical Virtual Proving Ground (VPG), a multibody dynamics simulation model, is also developed and correlated to test data. The results show that FDS values for AK-LH is higher than the fatigue damage of the collected vehicle data, while the FDS results for ISO standard are lower compared to the vehicle data. The results also indicate that the loads in the longitudinal (x-direction) and lateral (y-direction) directions are different. Therefore, loads of different amplitudes should be used for these directions, contrary to SAE J2380 and USABC standards. Finally, it is concluded that the VPG model can be used for determining the fatigue life when there is no test data, thanks to its high accuracy.
High-velocity impact performance of Ramor 500 armor steel
Authors: Memis İlker , Karakuzu Ramazan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this study, the high-velocity impact behavior of Ramor 500 armor steel was investigated experimentally and numerically. For this purpose, the steel specimen was impacted by a 9 mm Parabellum full metal jacket (FMJ) bullet at the reliable polygon. On the other hand, the mechanical properties of specimens were found by a tensile test at different temperatures and Johnson–Cook (J-C) parameters were obtained by Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) test data. By using these data, the same test was simulated by ANSYS Explicit Dynamic. Results show that experimental and numerical results provide NIJ LEVEL IIIA conditions. In addition, the perforation thickness of Ramor 500 at the constant projectile velocity and the perforation velocity at the constant thickness were obtained by using ANSYS Explicit Dynamic.
A new hybrid artificial hummingbird-simulated annealing algorithm to solve constrained mechanical engineering problems
Authors: Yildiz Betül Sultan , Mehta Pranav , Sait Sadiq M. , Panagant Natee , Kumar Sumit , Yildiz Ali Riza 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Nature-inspired algorithms known as metaheuristics have been significantly adopted by large-scale organizations and the engineering research domain due their several advantages over the classical optimization techniques. In the present article, a novel hybrid metaheuristic algorithm (HAHA-SA) based on the artificial hummingbird algorithm (AHA) and simulated annealing problem is proposed to improve the performance of the AHA. To check the performance of the HAHA-SA, it was applied to solve three constrained engineering design problems. For comparative analysis, the results of all considered cases are compared to the well-known optimizers. The statistical results demonstrate the dominance of the HAHA-SA in solving complex multi-constrained design optimization problems efficiently. Overall study shows the robustness of the adopted algorithm and develops future opportunities to optimize critical engineering problems using the HAHA-SA.
Involvement of nerve growth factor (NGF) in chronic neuropathic pain – a systematic review
Authors: Reis Catarina , Chambel Sílvia , Ferreira Ana , Cruz Célia Duarte 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Pain is a complex experience, encompassing physiological and psychological components. Amongst the different types of pain, neuropathic pain, resulting from injuries to the peripheral or central nervous system, still constitutes a challenge for researchers and clinicians. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is currently regarded as a key contributor and may serve as a therapeutic target in many types of pain, likely including neuropathic pain. Here, we reviewed the role of NGF in neuropathic pain of peripheral and central origin, also addressing its potential use as a pharmacological target to better help patients dealing with this condition that severely impacts the everyday life. For this, we conducted a search in the databases PubMed and Scopus. Our search resulted in 1103 articles (458 in PubMed and 645 in Scopus). Only articles related to the involvement of NGF in pain or articles that approached its potential use as a target in treatment of pain symptoms were included. Duplicates were eliminated and 274 articles were excluded. After careful analysis, 23 articles were selected for review. Original articles studying the role of NGF in pathology as well as its modulation as a possible therapeutic target were included. We found that NGF is widely regarded as a key player in neuropathic pain and seen as a putative therapeutic target. However, evidence obtained from years of clinical trials highlights the toxic adverse effects of anti-NGF therapeutics, precluding its use in clinical context. Further studies are, thus, needed to improve treatment of chronic neuropathic pain.
Early Age Properties and Microstructural Characterization of Zeolite Based Cementitious Materials
Authors: Islam Md. Shariful , Mohr Benjamin J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the partial replacement of portland cement with natural zeolite can improve the strength and durability of cementitious systems. However, the hydration of clinoptilolite zeolite cementitious materials at an early age as well as microstructural development has not been fully understood. In this study, natural clinoptilolite zeolite replaced portland cement at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 % by mass as a supplementary cementitious material. Particle size distribution and mineral phase identification of zeolite particles were done by laser diffraction particle size analysis and x-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Workability, setting time, chemical shrinkage, heat of hydration via isothermal calorimetry, compressive strength, and degree of hydration were used to assess the effects of zeolite addition on early age properties. Furthermore, pozzolanic activity via thermal gravimetric analysis, chemical and microstructural characterization were accomplished by XRD as well as scanning electron microscopy. Results revealed that the addition of zeolite lowered the heat of hydration and minimized or shifted the tricalcium aluminate (C3A) peak in the heat of hydration curve. Results also indicated that the addition of zeolite likely produced calcium aluminate silicate hydrate (C-A-S-H) at an early age, due to the initial dissolution of aluminate concentration in the alkaline solution. Furthermore, the addition of zeolite can accelerate the early age of hydration by reducing the initial and final setting time of pastes. As zeolite dosage rate increased, compressive strength decreased because of the slow pozzolanic reactivity as well as the lower degree of hydration. Results also showed that zeolite led to the formation of elongated needle-shaped and fibrous hydration products.
Examination of the Available Alkali Test Method for Supplementary Cementitious Materials
Authors: Kalina Ryan , Al-Shmaisani Saif , Ferron Raissa , Juenger Maria C. G. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) generally have more variability in their alkali contents than portland cement. The alkali content of SCMs and cements is important as these can contribute to the initiation and progression of alkali-silica reaction (ASR). The “available alkali” test in ASTM C311, Standard Test Method for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete, measures the amount of sodium and potassium in an SCM that are available to the pore solution in concrete and thus available to participate in the ASR. The relevance of the available alkali test has been questioned, particularly the length of the test and the unrepresentative initial pH of the reagent solution. This study evaluated modifications to the ASTM C311 available alkali test method that included varying the length of curing, increasing the pH of the reagent solution, and reducing the mass ratio of the SCM to calcium hydroxide to better represent conditions in real concrete. The modifications examined in this study produced results that were only marginally different from the ASTM C311 standard test method for determining available alkalis, suggesting that the existing test method may be appropriate for use in spite of its perceived drawbacks, and added complexity in testing is not necessary to improve relevance.
Drop-on-Demand Characterization and Shape Memory Performance of UV-Curable Shape Memory Polymers for Four-Dimensional Printing
Authors: Nachimuthu Manikandan , Kannappan Rajesh Pungampalayam 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The current study investigated the inkjet printability and shape memory performance of shape memory polymers prepared from commercially available ultraviolet light curable polymers named Vero PureWhite (RGD837) and Agilus30 (FLX985) for four-dimensional (4-D) printing. The rheological properties of the samples, such as density, dynamic viscosity, and surface tension, were measured to calculate the dimensionless number “Z.” The value of “Z” calculated for all the samples was within the typical inkjet printability value of 1 &lt; Z &lt; 10. From the calculated dimensionless numbers, the Weber number (We) should be greater than 4 for droplets to be generated. Satellite formation with the main droplet was observed for Samples S3 (0.5 RGD837 + 0.5 FLX985), S4 (0.9 RGD837 + 0.1 FLX985), and S5 (0.3 RGD837 + 0.7 FLX985) in the numerical simulation. However, as the main drop progressed further, the satellite drops coalesced with the main droplet, resulting in a single stable droplet. The developed numerical model using the level set method supports the validation of drop characteristics prior to experimentation with various inkjet nozzles. Further, the numerical model was validated with an experimental study by ejecting the inks through a 0.1 mm diameter nozzle using a 27 mm piezo disk. Sample strips printed using the prepared inks demonstrated complete shape recovery at ∼45°C in bridge and cantilever mode at 9 and 7 s, respectively, with a shape recovery ratio of 99.4 %. The investigation validated that it is possible to inkjet 4-D print with the prepared shape memory polymers because 4-D printing that uses the inkjet method demands inks with highly controlled rheological properties. The properties in achieving the drop-on-demand performance of an ink such as diameter, velocity, and volume exhibited good correlation, indicating that the drop-on-demand performance of a polymer ink can be validated numerically, along with the printability diagrams.
Pediatric Schwartz Rounds: Influencing Provider Insights and Emotional Connectedness
Authors: Meyer Rina , Lu Wei-Hsin , Post Stephen G. , Chandran Latha 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Schwartz Rounds (SR) is an interdisciplinary program that focuses on compassionate care by allowing the formation of an interprofessional community around the human and emotional testimonies of caregivers. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of implementing departmental SR on pediatric care providers at a tertiary care children’s hospital in New York.

METHODS
We applied the logic outcomes model for program evaluation to examine the impact of SR on pediatric providers. The standard evaluation form provided by the Schwartz Center was used to collect data after every SR. Descriptive statistics and qualitative data content analysis methods were used to analyze the evaluation data from the SR.

RESULTS
A total of 820 standard evaluation forms were collected from 17 of the 23 SR sessions offered (response rate: 74.8%). Most participants felt that, during the SR sessions, challenging social and emotional aspects of patient care were discussed and that they gained better perspectives of their coworkers and their patients/families. They reported less isolation and more openness to express their feelings about patient care to their coworkers. The analysis of 299 written comments identified 5 themes: understanding other people’s perspectives, the importance of communication, empathy and compassion, awareness of personal biases, and maintaining boundaries.

CONCLUSIONS
Schwartz Rounds can provide an effective venue for pediatric care providers to gain insights into coworker and patient/family perspectives and process emotional experiences while providing patient care in a variety of circumstances.
Improving Caregiver Understanding of Liquid Acetaminophen Administration at Primary Care Visits
Authors: Cullen Sean M. , Osorio Snezana Nena , Abramson Erika A. , Kyvelos Efniki 
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVES
Liquid medication dosing errors are common in pediatrics. Our outpatient clinic identified gaps in caregiver education based on a 2015 American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement on prescribing liquid medications. This quality improvement (QI) initiative sought to improve caregiver’s understanding of liquid acetaminophen administration at the 2-month well-child visit from 30% to 70% over a 32-month period.

METHODS
A resident-led interdisciplinary QI team performed sequential interventions to improve our outcome measure: the percentage of caregivers with an adequate understanding of 4 essential components of liquid acetaminophen administration (name, indication, dose, and frequency). Outcome data were collected via a 4-item verbal assessment of caregiver’s understanding by nursing staff, with correct answers to all items considered adequate understanding. Process measures (medications prescribed and education provided), and balancing measures (anticipatory guidance items discussed) were gathered via electronic health record review. Shewhart “P” charts and established rules for detecting special cause variation were used to analyze data. Scatter plots assessed the association between the provision of syringes and caregiver understanding of medication administration.

RESULTS
In 636 caregivers, overall understanding of medication use improved from 39.8% to 74%. Knowledge of accurate dosage improved from 50.9% to 76.8%. Correlation between syringe provision and caregiver understanding was strong (R = .84).

CONCLUSIONS
Resident-led QI improved caregiver’s understanding of liquid acetaminophen administration in infants. The most impactful interventions were implementation of English and Spanish pictograms and provision of dose-demarcated oral syringes, coupled with teach-back. Future interventions will examine generalizability to other medications and expansion to other services.
Efficiency of the heating convectors with aluminum ribbing
Authors: Voznyak Orest , Spodyniuk Nadiia , Savchenko Olena , Sukholova Iryna , Kasynets Mariana , Dovbush Oleksandr 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The work is devoted to study of thermal efficiency of heating convectors with aluminum ribbing to ensure comfortable indoor conditions. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate theoretically and experimentally the thermal efficiency of convector-type heaters with aluminum ribbing, to implement numerical simulation and to obtain dependencies for determination of thermal characteristics of convector-type heaters with aluminum ribbing, ensuring of a proper both indoor climate in the premise and energy saving. A nomogram of interdependence between heat amount, heat carrying medium flow rate, the initial and final temperatures was created. Heat quantity increases with increasing heat carrying medium flow rate, the inlet temperature and decreases with increasing of the exit temperature.
FAMILY CONFERENCING
Authors: Dirk J Louw  , Arda Spijker  
Published: July 2022

The notion of propagating children’s rights and developing the aspirations of youth has developed internationally since the 1960s (United Nations Declaration of the Rights of the Child 1959). Although it is difficult to give a precise definition of the term “children’s rights”, there is a general acceptance of the idea that children have rights, which can be concluded from the fact that 192 countries have ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (hereinafter “the Children’s Convention”, ratified by South Africa on 16 June 1995). Section 28 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act, 1996 gives effect to the acceptance of the idea that children have rights by providing a list of nine specific rights for children. In addition, children are also entitled to all other rights in the Bill of Rights that are applicable to them, with the exception of the right to vote in section 19(3), which explicitly refers to “every adult citizen” (Bekink and Brand “Constitutional Protection of Children” in Davel (ed) Introduction to Child Law in South Africa (2000) 178). Moreover, section 28(2) of the Constitution provides that “a child’s best interests are of paramount importance in every matter concerning the child”. Article 3(1) of the Children’s Convention and article 4(1) of the AfricanCharter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (1990) (hereinafter “the African Charter”, ratified by South Africa on 7 January 2000), both recognise that the “best interests of a child” shall be “a” or “the” primary consideration in all actions concerning children. The Children’s Act 38 of 2005 (hereinafter “the Children’s Act”), which has not come into operation yet, also refers in sections 2(b)(iv) (Objects of Act), 6, 7 and 9 to the “best interests of the child standard”. Thus every decision which may impact on the child must be guided by the “child’s best interests”. The duty to secure this right lies with the legislature and the implementation lies mainly with the courts. However, the Children’s Act also provides for alternative mechanisms, thereby improving the right of children to participate in decisions affecting them. This paper focuses on one alternative, namely family conferencing. Some aspects of the Children’s Act and the Child Justice Bill will be discussed (par 2) and then the focus will shift to family conferencing: What is it about (par 3)? Will it suit the South African context (par 4)? How should it be applied (par 5)?