bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification of a 3D printer to create geologically realistic heterogeneous sand packs
Authors: Davidson Mitchell A. , Mumford Kevin G. , Mullins Nathan , Calvert Madeline M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThere is a need to develop more accessible approaches to generate geologically realistic microheterogeneous structures in quasi‐two‐dimensional flow cells for use in light transmission experiments. In addition to automating the packing procedure to increase repeatability, such approaches would allow multiple researchers to investigate multiphase flow through similar heterogeneities across time and space. In this study, a three‐dimensional (3D) printer was modified to accommodate a sand‐filled hopper and used to create replicate packs that were similar to one another and to those produced in previous studies using a different apparatus. Replicate gas (CH4) injections were also used to assess the reproducibility of gas distributions in these replicate packs. Macroscopic features of the sand packs (bed height, number and location of laminae) and gas distributions (trapped gas volume, maximum gas width) were reproducible, but local‐scale features of the gas distribution (gas pathway, ganglia‐to‐pool ratio) were more variable.
Pore‐scale simulation of mucilage drainage
Authors: Esmaeelipoor Jahromi Omid , Knott Mathilde , Mysore Janakiram Ravi Kumar , Rahim Riffat , Kroener Eva 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCompared with bulk soil, rhizosphere has different properties because of the existence of root mucilage, which affects physical, chemical, and microbial processes. The slow response of rhizosphere to changes in water potential buffers water content changes and leads the rhizosphere to be wetter than bulk soil during drying. By affecting connectivity of the liquid and gas phases, mucilage can also influence solute transport and gas diffusion. Overview of the literature and previous models shows the lack of a model that describes the connectivity between different phases in the rhizosphere pore space during wetting and drying processes. A major challenge is that mucilage shows a complex behavior, which at low concentrations is more like a liquid, whereas at higher concentration, dry mucilage becomes a solid. In between, a viscoelastic state is observed where mucilage can be considered as a hydrogel. In this study a three‐dimensional pore‐scale model based on the lattice spring method is introduced and used to simulate drying of mucilage between two soil particles. The model is capable of reproducing spider‐web‐like structures that are specific for mucilage. This three‐dimensional mucilage drying model is qualitatively validated via environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images of dry mucilage between glass beads. The proposed model may provide us with a new perspective on hydrodynamic processes within the pore space of the rhizosphere. In addition, the model may help to better understand further important processes that strongly depend on rhizosphere hydraulic dynamics, such as solute transport, connectivity of the liquid phase, root penetration resistance, rhizosheath formation, and microbial activity.
An independent analysis of bias sources and variability in wind plant pre‐construction energy yield estimation methods
Authors: Todd Austin C. , Optis Mike , Bodini Nicola , Fields Michael Jason , Perr‐Sauer Jordan , Lee Joseph C. Y. , Simley Eric , Hammond Robert 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe wind resource assessment community has long had the goal of reducing the bias between wind plant pre‐construction energy yield assessment (EYA) and the observed annual energy production (AEP). This comparison is typically made between the 50% probability of exceedance (P50) value of the EYA and the long‐term corrected operational AEP (hereafter OA AEP) and is known as the P50 bias. The industry has critically lacked an independent analysis of bias investigated across multiple consultants to identify the greatest sources of uncertainty and variance in the EYA process and the best opportunities for uncertainty reduction. The present study addresses this gap by benchmarking consultant methodologies against each other and against operational data at a scale not seen before in industry collaborations. We consider data from 10 wind plants in North America and evaluate discrepancies between eight consultancies in the steps taken from estimates of gross to net energy. Consultants tend to overestimate the gross energy produced at the turbines and then compensate by further overestimating downstream losses, leading to a mean P50 bias near zero, still with significant variability among the individual wind plants. Within our data sample, we find that consultant estimates of all loss categories, except environmental losses, tend to reduce the project‐to‐project variability of the P50 bias. The disagreement between consultants, however, remains flat throughout the addition of losses. Finally, we find that differences in consultants' estimates of project performance can lead to differences up to $10/MWh in the levelized cost of energy for a wind plant.
On the Effect of Antenna Calibration Errors on Geodetic Estimates
Authors: Kersten Tobias , Krzan Grzegorz , Dawidowicz Karol , Schön Steffen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper addresses an approach to assess the impact of phase centre correction errors of selected receiving antennas in the Polish ASG-Eupos network using GNSS processing strategies such as zero differencing and double differencing. The objective is to characterise the nature of the error patterns of GNSS receiver antennas and to understand their impact on GNSS derived integrated water vapour and geodetic estimates. A semi-analytical approach for characterising variants of error patterns is applied. Differences of up to +12 mm between type-mean and individual receiver antenna calibrations of current antenna models on the ionosphere-free linear combination are identified for repeatable pattern deformations. The analyses show that repeatable effects on tropospheric estimates of up to 8 mm – which corresponds to approx. 1.2 kg/m2 – occur even though only 5 mm variations were applied to the pattern. The results of our analysis show a strong correlation with the type of error patterns that affect the estimates differently. Due to the complex relationship between datum settings, processing strategy, baseline orientation and satellite sky distribution, artefacts in GNSS processing models and their effects must to be modelled in order to achieve a better understanding in the context of GNSS networks and GNSS meteorology.
Leading for Eco-Effective Business Design: Co-creating Sustainability Development
Authors: Jevnaker Birgit Helene , Olaisen Johan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSustainability thinking in enterprise strategies has spread like a virus in abstract corporate visions communication. We propose that more attention be devoted to leveraging the concrete developmental work from an action-based leadership for sustainability perspective. This chapter offers concepts from change management, process philosophy, and design for understanding leadership for sustainability as continuously creative practices. The chapter provides in-depth insights into an exemplary case,Flokk, a North-European furniture industry enterprise that has pioneered leadership for sustainability.
The Future of Knowledge Work: Working Smarter and Greener in the Age of Digitalization
Authors: Jevnaker Birgit Helene , Olaisen Johan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter investigates what forms the knowledge work design in the future on a corporate level. The future is 2030. The methodology includes 20 in-depth interviews (before and during the Covid-19 worldwide pandemic) with researchers working with these issues in the Swedish telecommunication company Telia and the Norwegian telecommunication company Telenor. These are both companies making their living from understanding the future of work on a corporate level. The difference between the two rounds of interviewing is that online homework is the actual work situation in the pandemic March–April 2020, and the interviewed believe that 50% of the work will be done online outside the workplace. The corona crisis changed the way we are working for the future.
Towards the Dynamic Arts of Reimagining Sustainable Organization
Authors: Jevnaker Birgit Helene , Olaisen Johan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHow and why can attractive sustainable organization emerge that is engaging with both humans and nature in deeper integrative manners? This conceptual chapter is investigating how collective knowing develops in arts and organization contexts using artworks by unconventional painters such as Edvard Munch and Håkon Bleken as examples of this process. The necessity of art is giving us a societal meaning of the process of knowing or a scripted story for a deeper undertaking based upon the dynamics of ideas and knowledges in artworks. The reflection and dialogue based on art might contribute to creating something potentially sustainable for institutions as well as citizens. The chapter develops a theoretical framework and theory for how this might work. Dynamic art, design, and innovative processes are processes where the past, the present, and the future melt together in surprising and potentially influential ways.
The Study Variety of Conformal Kinematics
Authors: Kalkan Bahar , Li Zijia , Schröcker Hans-Peter , Siegele Johannes 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe introduce the Study variety of conformal kinematics and investigate some of its properties. The Study variety is a projective variety of dimension ten and degree twelve in real projective space of dimension 15, and it generalizes the well-known Study quadric model of rigid body kinematics. Despite its high dimension, co-dimension, and degree it is amenable to concrete calculations via conformal geometric algebra (CGA) associated to three-dimensional Euclidean space. Calculations are facilitated by a four quaternion representation which extends the dual quaternion description of rigid body kinematics. In particular, we study straight lines on the Study variety. It turns out that they are related to a class of one-parametric conformal motions introduced by Dorst in (Math Comput Sci 10:97–113, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11786-016-0250-8). Similar to rigid body kinematics, straight lines (that is, Dorst’s motions) are important for the decomposition of rational conformal motions into lower degree motions via the factorization of certain polynomials with coefficients in CGA.
A Framework for Memory Efficient Context-Sensitive Program Analysis
Authors: Hedenborg Mathias , Lundberg Jonas , Löwe Welf , Trapp Martin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStatic program analysis is in general more precise if it is sensitive to execution contexts (execution paths). But then it is also more expensive in terms of memory consumption. For languages with conditions and iterations, the number of contexts grows exponentially with the program size. This problem is not just a theoretical issue. Several papers evaluating inter-procedural context-sensitive data-flow analysis report severe memory problems, and the path-explosion problem is a major issue in program verification and model checking. In this paper we propose χ-terms as a means to capture and manipulate context-sensitive program information in a data-flow analysis. χ-terms are implemented as directed acyclic graphs without any redundant subgraphs. We introduce the k-approximation and the l-loop-approximation that limit the size of the context-sensitive information at the cost of analysis precision. We prove that every context-insensitive data-flow analysis has a corresponding k,l-approximated context-sensitive analysis, and that these analyses are sound and guaranteed to reach a fixed point. We also present detailed algorithms outlining a compact, redundancy-free, and DAG-based implementation of χ-terms.
Complications following surgical treatment of posterior malleolar fractures: an analysis of 300 cases
Authors: Neumann Annika Pauline , Kroker Livia , Beyer Franziska , Rammelt Stefan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aims
The treatment of ankle fractures and fracture-dislocations involving the posterior malleolus (PM) has undergone considerable changes over the past decade. The aim of our study was to identify risk factors related to the occurrence of complications in surgically treated ankle fractures with PM involvement.

Patients and methods
We retrospectively analyzed 300 patients at a mean age of 57 years with 300 ankle fractures involving the PM treated surgically at our institution over a 12-year period. The following relevant comorbidities were noted: arterial hypertension (43.7%; n = 131), diabetes mellitus (DM) (14.0%; n = 42), thereof insulin-dependent (3.7%; n = 11), peripheral vascular disease (0.7%; n = 2), osteoporosis (12.0%; n = 36), dementia (1.0%; n = 3), and rheumatoid arthritis (2.0%; n = 6). Furthermore, nicotine consumption was recorded in 7.3% (n = 22) and alcohol abuse in 4.0% (n = 12).

Results
Complications occurred in 41 patients (13.7%). A total of 20 (6.7%) revision surgeries had to be performed. Patients with DM (p < 0.001), peripheral vascular disease (p = 0.003) and arterial hypertension (p = 0.001) had a significantly increased risk of delayed wound healing. Alcohol abuse was associated with a significantly higher overall complication rate (OR 3.40; 95% CI 0.97–11.83; p = 0.043), increased rates of wound healing problems (OR 11.32; 95% CI 1.94–65.60; p = 0.001) and malalignment requiring revision (p = 0.033). The presence of an open fracture was associated with an increased rate of infection and wound necrosis requiring revision (OR 14.25; 95% CI 2.39–84.84; p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified BMI (p = 0.028), insulin-dependent DM (p = 0.003), and staged fixation (p = 0.043) as independent risk factors for delayed wound healing. Compared to the traditional lateral approach, using the posterolateral approach for fibular fixation did not lead to increased complication rates.

Conclusions
Significant risk factors for the occurrence of complications following PM fracture treatment were identified. An individually tailored treatment regimen that incorporates all risk factors is important for a good outcome.
Capturing nystagmus in the emergency room: posterior circulation stroke versus acute vestibular neuritis
Authors: Nham B. , Akdal G. , Young A. S. , Özçelik P. , Tanrıverdizade T. , Ala R. T. , Bradshaw A. P. , Wang C. , Men S. , Giarola B. F. , Black D. A. , Thompson E. O. , Halmagyi G. M. , Welgampola M. S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To compare acute nystagmus characteristics of posterior circulation stroke (PCS) and acute vestibular neuritis (AVN) in the emergency room (ER) within 24 h of presentation.

Methods
ER-based video-nystagmography (VNG) was conducted, recording ictal nystagmus in 101 patients with PCS (on imaging) and 104 patients with AVN, diagnosed on accepted clinical and vestibular test criteria.

Results
Patients with stroke in the brainstem (38/101, affecting midbrain (n = 7), pons (n = 19), and medulla (n = 12)), cerebellum (31/101), both (15/101) or other locations (17/101) were recruited. Common PCS territories included posterior-inferior-cerebellar-artery (41/101), pontine perforators (18/101), multiple-territories (17/101) and anterior-inferior-cerebellar-artery (7/101). In PCS, 44/101 patients had no spontaneous nystagmus. Remaining PCS patients had primary position horizontal (44/101), vertical (8/101) and torsional (5/101) nystagmus. Horizontal nystagmus was 50% ipsiversive and 50% contraversive in lateralised PCS. Most PCS patients with horizontal nystagmus (28/44) had unidirectional “peripheral-appearing” nystagmus. 32/101 of PCS patients had gaze-evoked nystagmus. AVN affected the superior, inferior or both divisions of the vestibular nerve in 55/104, 4/104 and 45/104. Most (102/104) had primary position horizontal nystagmus; none had gaze-evoked nystagmus. Two inferior VN patients had contraversive torsional-downbeat nystagmus. Horizontal nystagmus with SPV ≥ 5.8 °/s separated AVN from PCS with sensitivity and specificity of 91.2% and 83.0%. Absent nystagmus, gaze-evoked nystagmus, and vertical-torsional nystagmus were highly specific for PCS (100%, 100% and 98.1%).

Conclusion
Nystagmus is often absent in PCS and always present in AVN. Unidirectional ‘peripheral-appearing’ horizontal nystagmus can be seen in PCS. ER-based VNG nystagmus assessment could provide useful diagnostic information when separating PCS from AVN.
Patient perspectives on digital healthcare technology in care and clinical trials for motor neuron disease: an international survey
Authors: Helleman Jochem , Johnson Barbara , Holdom Cory , Hobson Esther , Murray Deirdre , Steyn Frederik J. , Ngo Shyuan T. , Henders Anjali , Lokeshappa Madhura B. , Visser-Meily Johanna M. A. , van den Berg Leonard H. , Hardiman Orla , Beelen Anita , McDermott Chris , van Eijk Ruben P. A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionTo capture the patient’s attitude toward remote monitoring of motor neuron disease (MND) in care and clinical trials, and their concerns and preferences regarding the use of digital technology.MethodsWe performed an international multi-centre survey study in three MND clinics in The Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Australia. The survey was co-developed by investigators and patients with MND, and sent to patients by e-mail or postal-mail. The main topics included: patients’ attitude towards remote care, participating in decentralized clinical trials, and preferences for and concerns with digital technology use.ResultsIn total, 332 patients with MND participated. A majority of patients indicated they would be happy to self-monitor their health from home (69%), be remotely monitored by a multidisciplinary care team (75%), and would be willing to participate in clinical trials from home (65%). Patients considered respiratory function and muscle strength most valuable for home-monitoring. The majority of patients considered the use of at least three devices/apps (75%) once a week (61%) to be acceptable for home-monitoring. Fifteen percent of patients indicated they would not wish to perform home-measurements; reporting concerns about the burden and distress of home-monitoring, privacy and data security.ConclusionMost patients with MND exhibited a positive attitude toward the use of digital technology in both care and clinical trial settings. A subgroup of patients reported concerns with home-monitoring, which should be addressed in order to improve widespread adoption of remote digital technology in clinical MND care.
Multi-level context-driven interaction modeling for human future trajectory prediction
Authors: He Zhiquan , Sun Hao , Cao Wenming , He Henry Z. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHuman trajectory prediction is a challenging task with important applications such as intelligent surveillance and autonomous driving. We recognize that pedestrians in close and distant neighborhoods have different impacts on the person’s decision of future movements. Local scene context and global scene layout also affect the movement decision differently. Existing methods have not adequately addressed these interactions between humans and the multi-level contexts occurring at different spatial and temporal scales. To this end, we propose a multi-level context-driven interaction modeling (MCDIM) method for human future trajectory learning and prediction. Specifically, we construct a multilayer graph attention network (GAT) to model the hierarchical human–human interactions. An extra set of long short-term memory networks is designed to capture the correlations of these human–human interactions at different temporal scales. To model the human–scene interactions, we explicitly extract and encode the global scene layout features and local context features in the neighborhood of the person at each time step and capture the spatial–temporal information of the interactions between human and the local scene contexts. The human–human and human–scene interactions are incorporated into the multi-level GAT-based network for accurate prediction of future trajectories. We have evaluated the method on benchmark datasets: the walking pedestrians dataset provided by ETH Zurich (ETH) and the crowd data provided by the University of Cyprus. The results demonstrate that our MCDIM method outperforms existing methods, being able to generate more accurate and plausible trajectories for pedestrians. The average performance gain is 2 and 3 percentage points in terms of the average displacement error and final displacement error, respectively.
Predictors of improvement in disease activity in first hospitalized patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a multicenter retrospective study of a Chinese cohort
Authors: Li Mei , Liang Jun , Pan Wenyou , Liu Lin , Wu Min , Ding Fuwan , Hu Huaixia , Ding Xiang , Wei Hua , Zou Yaohong , Qian Xian , Wang Meimei , Wu Jian , Tao Juan , Tan Jun , Da Zhanyun , Zhang Miaojia , Li Jing , Feng Xuebing , Wen Lihui , Zhang Huayong , Sun Lingyun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To analyze the relative factors of improvement in disease activity (IDA) after first hospitalized treatment based on the systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI).

Methods
A total of 1069 adult systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients who were hospitalized for the first time in 26 hospitals in Jiangsu Province from 1999 to 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. SLEDAI decrease ≥ 4 during hospitalization was identified as IDA. Relative factors of IDA were assessed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression.

Results
A total of 783 (73.2%) adult SLE patients showed IDA after the first hospitalization, while the remaining patients (n = 286) were in the non-IDA group. The IDA group had higher SLEDAI at admission; fewer patients had SLICC/ACR damage index (SDI) ≥ 1, comorbidities at admission, especially Sjögren’s syndrome, abnormal serum creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate. More patients had mucocutaneous and musculoskeletal involvements, leukopenia, increased C-reactive protein, anti-dsDNA antibody positive, and hypocomplementemia at admission and were treated with methotrexate and leflunomide during hospitalization. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, SDI ≥ 1 (P = 0.005) and combined with Sjögren’s syndrome (P < 0.001) at admission had negative association with IDA. Musculoskeletal involvement (P < 0.001), anti-dsDNA antibody positive (P = 0.012), hypocomplementemia (P = 0.001), and use of leflunomide (P = 0.030) were significantly related with IDA.

Conclusion
Organ damage or comorbidities at admission were adverse to SLE improvement. Anti-dsDNA antibody positive, hypocomplementemia, musculoskeletal involvements, and leflunomide treatment had positive association with IDA of SLE.

Key Points• Organ damage or comorbidities at admission were negatively correlated with SLE improvement.• Anti-dsDNA antibody positivity, hypocomplementemia, musculoskeletal involvements, and leflunomide treatment were positively associated with SLE improvement.