bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opportunities for variable rate application of nitrogen under spatial water variations in rainfed wheat systems—an economic analysis
Authors: Tenreiro Tomás R. , Avillez Francisco , Gómez José A. , Penteado Manuel , Coelho José C. , Fereres Elías 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn fields of undulating topography, where rainfed crops experience different degrees of water stress caused by spatial water variations, yields vary spatially within the same field, thus offering opportunities for variable rate application (VRA) of nitrogen fertilizer. This study assessed the spatial variations of yield gaps caused by lateral flows from high to low points, for rainfed wheat grown in Córdoba, Spain, over six consecutive seasons (2016–2021). The economic implications associated with multiple scenarios of VRA adoption were explored through a case study and recommendations were proposed. Both farm size (i.e., annual sown area) and topographic structure impacted the dynamics of investment returns. Under current policy-price conditions, VRA adoption would have an economic advantage in farms similar to that of the case study with an annual sown area greater than 567 ha year−1. Nevertheless, current trends in energy prices, transportation costs and impacts on both cereal prices and fertilizers costs enhance the viability of VRA adoption for a wider population of farm types. The profitability of adopting VRA improves under such scenarios and, in the absence of additional policy support, the minimum area for adoption of VRA decreases to a range of 68–177 ha year−1. The combination of price increases with the introduction of an additional subsidy on crop area could substantially lower the adoption threshold down to 46 ha year−1, making VRA technology economically viable for a much wider population of farmers.
Vocabulary, text coverage, word frequency and the lexical threshold in elementary school reading comprehension
Authors: Ludewig Ulrich , Hübner Nicolas , Schroeder Sascha 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVocabulary knowledge is one of the most important elements of reading comprehension. Text coverage is the proportion of known words in a given text. We hypothesize that text comprehension increases exponentially with text coverage due to network effects and activation of prior knowledge. In addition, the lexical threshold hypothesis states that text comprehension increases faster above a certain amount of text coverage. The exponential relationship between text coverage and text comprehension, as well as the lexical threshold, are at the heart of text comprehension theory and are of great interest for optimizing language instruction. In this study, we first used vocabulary knowledge to estimate text coverage based on test scores from N = 924 German fourth graders. Second, we compared linear with non-linear models of text coverage and vocabulary knowledge to explain text comprehension. Third, we used a broken-line regression to estimate a lexical threshold. The results showed an exponential relationship between text coverage and text comprehension. Moreover, text coverage explained text comprehension better than vocabulary knowledge, and text comprehension increased more quickly above 56% text coverage. From an instructional perspective, the results suggest that reading activities with text coverage below 56% are too difficult for readers and likely inappropriate for instructional purposes. Further applications of the results, such as for standard setting and readability analyses, are discussed.
Losing centrality and socialization of Islam in Suzhou Memories, identities and positionality around the city mosques
Authors: Cappelletti Alessandra 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cultural and political alterity in China is levelled by disrupting local communities and networks, both necessary to keep memories and sense of identity alive through sharing and socialising. By taking Suzhou’s mosques as focal lens, the author assesses an experiential void which is politically and socially created, and shows the consequences of rewriting history. The broken nexus between buildings, communities and memories impacts the historical centrality and socialization of Islam in Suzhou, where communities are dispersed and shared memories are lost. Mosques’ positionality in the urban fabric is assessed through interviews and interaction with local Muslims, and the identification of past surrounding communities and networks. The assessment of the heterotopic dimension and contested memories of Suzhou’s mosques in a contemporary context — performed by collecting historical, intellectual, topographical and architectural fragments — allows us to grasp the highly symbolic dimensions of a past diversity in identity spaces. The role of communities in relation with the city’s rich intellectual past — including its tradition of literati translating Islamic classics from Persian to Chinese — is understood as central, together with a spiritual geography made of connections and relations among places.
Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (t-DCS) of the Cerebellum on Pain Perception and Endogenous Pain Modulation: a Randomized, Monocentric, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Crossover Study
Authors: Stacheneder Regina , Alt Laura , Straube Andreas , Ruscheweyh Ruth 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates a role of the cerebellum in nociception. Some studies suggest that this is mediated via endogenous pain modulation. Here, we used t-DCS to test the effects of modulation of cerebellar function on nociception and endogenous pain modulation. Anodal, cathodal, and sham cerebellar t-DCS were investigated in a cross-over design in 21 healthy subjects. The nociceptive flexor (RIII) reflex, conditioning pain modulation (CPM), and offset analgesia (OA) paradigms were used to assess endogenous pain modulation. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and pain ratings were used to assess supraspinal nociception and pain perception, respectively. No significant t-DCS effects were detected when including all t-DCS types and time points (baseline, 0, 30, 60 min post t-DCS) in the analysis. Exploratory analysis revealed an increased RIII reflex size immediately after cathodal t-DCS (compared to sham, P = 0.046, η2p = 0.184), in parallel with a trend for a decrease in electrical pain thresholds (P = 0.094, η2p = 0.134), and increased N120 SEP amplitudes 30 min after cathodal compared to anodal t-DCS (P = 0.007, η2p = 0.374). OA was increased after anodal compared to sham stimulation (P = 0.023, η2p = 0.232). Exploratory results suggested that cathodal (inhibitory) cerebellar t-DCS increased pain perception and reduced endogenous pain inhibition while anodal (excitatory) t-DCS increased endogenous pain inhibition. Results are principally compatible with activation of endogenous pain inhibition by cerebellar excitation. However, maybe due to limited t-DCS skull penetration, effects were small and unlikely to be clinically significant.
USF1-CHCHD4 axis promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression partially via activating the MYC pathway
Authors: Zhou Yuhui , Zhao Yunxia , Ma Wei , Zhang Lin , Jiang Yuanzhu , Dong Wei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to identify genes related to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 4 (CHCHD4) in the progression of LUAD.

Methods
The GEPIA database was used to evaluate the differential expression of CHCHD4 and the survival data of LUAD patients compared to controls. TCGA-LUAD database, JASPAR website, and GSEA were used to analyse the relationship between CHCHD4 and the upstream stimulating factor 1 (USF1) or MYC pathways. The proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of LUAD cells were evaluated using cell counting kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine, colony formation, flow cytometry, wound healing, and transwell assays. qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Furthermore, xenograft tumours from nude mice were used to verify the effect of CHCHD4 on LUAD in vivo.

Results
CHCHD4 overexpression was found in LUAD tumor tissues and cells, and high CHCHD4 was associated with a poor prognosis. Interestingly, CHCHD4 knockdown suppressed the malignant phenotype of the LUAD cells. Moreover, we found that USF1 upregulated CHCHD4 and promoted LUAD progression. CHCHD4 knockdown also inhibited the progression of LUAD. In addition, CHCHD4 knockdown suppressed xenograft tumour growth.

Conclusion
USF1-CHCHD4 axis can promote LUAD progress, which may be through activating MYC pathway.
The Rule of Law as a Constitutional Mandate for the EU
Authors: Schroeder Werner 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe rule of law and the other values contained in Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union (Art 2 TEU) comprise the constitutional identity of the European Union (Union). These values form part of the Union’s very foundation. Art 3(1) and (6) TEU, in conjunction with Art 2 TEU, declare the Union’s aim to promote and pursue the rule of law as one of its core values. These provisions indicate that the rule of law is not only a constitutional principle but gives the Union a mandate to shape its policies accordingly in order to create an enabling ecosystem for the rule of law in the Member States. The Union may counter internal threats to the rule of law, but it can and should also take positive legal action to strengthen and consolidate the rule of law in the Member States by making use of its sectoral law-making competences. Proactively, the rule of law must be implemented and specified through Union secondary law and made the yardstick for legislative, administrative and judicial activity in the Member States.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Vibration test and robust optimization analysis of vehicle suspension system based on Taguchi method
Authors: Xiong Jianqiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe suspension system is the main component that affects the NVH (Vibration, Noise, Harshness) performance of vehicles. By optimizing the key influence factors to improve the vibration of the suspension system, the comfort of car deriving could be improved greatly. Based on this consideration, the researcher proposes to apply the Taguchi method to study the contribution of different factors to the vibration of the suspension system and obtain the main influencing factors that need to be controlled. In the research, the researcher established an active suspension test system and designed a scheme which contains four factors and three levels to test the stiffness and damping properties of the front and rear suspensions under different parameters by setting the A-level road power spectrum as the input excitation of the suspension system. According to the weighted root-mean-square of acceleration, the researcher conducted the optimized calculation and analysis. It is found that the vibration contribution of each influencing factor is: the suspension stiffness is 46.81%, the front suspension damping is 15.87%, the front suspension stiffness is 4.30%, and the influence of the rear suspension damping is negligible. Results of tests and analysis offer an accurate and reliable reference for evolving suspension systems and improving the NVH.
Residue alterations within a conserved hydrophobic pocket influence light, oxygen, voltage photoreceptor dark recovery
Authors: Hemmer Stefanie , Schulte Marianne , Knieps-Grünhagen Esther , Granzin Joachim , Willbold Dieter , Jaeger Karl-Erich , Batra-Safferling Renu , Panwalkar Vineet , Krauss Ulrich 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLight, oxygen, voltage (LOV) photoreceptors are widely distributed throughout all kingdoms of life, and have in recent years, due to their modular nature, been broadly used as sensor domains for the construction of optogenetic tools. For understanding photoreceptor function as well as for optogenetic tool design and fine-tuning, a detailed knowledge of the photophysics, photochemistry, and structural changes underlying the LOV signaling paradigm is instrumental. Mutations that alter the lifetime of the photo-adduct signaling state represent a convenient handle to tune LOV sensor on/off kinetics and, thus, steady-state on/off equilibria of the photoreceptor (or optogenetic switch). Such mutations, however, should ideally only influence sensor kinetics, while being benign with regard to the nature of the structural changes that are induced by illumination, i.e., they should not result in a disruption of signal transduction. In the present study, we identify a conserved hydrophobic pocket for which mutations have a strong impact on the adduct-state lifetime across different LOV photoreceptor families. Using the slow cycling bacterial short LOV photoreceptor PpSB1-LOV, we show that the I48T mutation within this pocket, which accelerates adduct rupture, is otherwise structurally and mechanistically benign, i.e., light-induced structural changes, as probed by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography, are not altered in the variant. Additional mutations within the pocket of PpSB1-LOV and the introduction of homologous mutations in the LOV photoreceptor YtvA of Bacillus subtilis and the Avena sativa LOV2 domain result in similarly altered kinetics. Given the conserved nature of the corresponding structural region, the here identified mutations should find application in dark-recovery tuning of optogenetic tools and LOV photoreceptors, alike.
Graphical abstract
Co‐Creating Ethical Practices and Approaches for Fieldwork
Authors: Ryan‐Davis Juliet , Scalice Daniella 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article builds on perspectives shared at a Town Hall held during the 2021 AGU Fall Meeting focused on valuable lessons learned after publicized incidents of unethical field sampling. We present ideas and recommendations that are applicable across all Earth science disciplines. The major recommendation centers on equally valuing Indigenous and Western perspectives and knowledges, with actions that include building relationships with Indigenous communities, teaching ethical sampling protocols in geoscience curricula, and broadly implementing sharable sample archives. Co‐creating guidelines and practices with Indigenous partnership and expertise will ensure that equity is essential to geoethics and that geoscience is for society.
Timescales of Dike Growth and Chamber Deflation Constrain Magma Storage and Transport Pathways During Kīlauea's 2018 Lower East Rift Zone Intrusion
Authors: Townsend Meredith , Huang Mong‐Han 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe intrusion of magma into Kīlauea's lower East Rift Zone in May 2018 led to the largest eruption along this segment of the volcano in over 200 years. As magma drained from the rift zone, leading to the collapse of Pu'u ‘Ō‘ō, pressure at the summit initially remained elevated and dropped at a slower rate compared to historical intrusion events. The anomalously long timescale of summit deflation suggests that the dike was fed from multiple sources. Here we show that dikes can serve as “dipsticks” of magma reservoirs and that the co‐evolution of dike growth and reservoir deflation constrains key magma transport parameters. Using coupled dike‐chamber models constrained by ground deformation and seismicity, we test four configurations of magma plumbing in order to illuminate which reservoirs and transport pathways were activated during the intrusion phase (30 April to 3 May) of the 2018 event. Slow summit deflation relative to the rate of dike propagation is best explained by a model in which the dike initiates from a compressible magma reservoir in the East Rift Zone, which then drains magma upstream from the Halema'uma'u reservoir through a shallow transport system. We use a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach to estimate storage parameters for both reservoirs as well as the effective conductivity of the shallow magma transport system in the East Rift Zone, finding good agreement with independent estimates. Our results suggest that the rupture of reservoirs from within the East Rift Zone presents a unique hazard at Kīlauea.
Regional Perspective of Hadley Circulation and Its Uncertainties Among Different Datasets: Spread in Reanalysis Datasets
Authors: Li Yadi , Li Xichen , Xie Shang‐Ping , Zhang Gan , Wang Zhuo , Wang Wenzhu , Hou Yurong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Hadley circulation (HC) is often considered zonally uniform and defined using the zonally averaged mass stream function (MSF). However, the longitudinal distribution of the overturning circulation is far from uniform, which has profound impacts on regional climates. This study uses a recently developed technique to examine the three‐dimensional MSF and thus the regional manifestations of the HC, and evaluates their climatology and seasonality in eight commonly used reanalysis datasets. This comparison emphasizes the spatial structure and the intensity of four regional Hadley cells, defined based on the natural boundaries of the three‐dimensional MSF. Specifically, two Hadley cells are located in the Indo‐Pacific warm pool region, with a strong and relatively deep cell extending from the equator to mid‐latitudes in each hemisphere. The other two cells are located over the East Pacific‐Atlantic sector, which is relatively weak and shallow, confined within the tropics and subtropics. The spatial structure of each regional cell is nearly identical among all reanalysis datasets, with pairwise spatial correlation coefficients higher than 0.9. However, the intensities of regional MSF show a large spread among these datasets. The range of this spread reaches up to about half of the means of all reanalysis datasets over the Indo‐Pacific warm pool region in the Northern Hemisphere. Further analysis reveals a large spread in the spatial structure and the amplitudes of the regional HC trends among different reanalyses. The findings highlight uncertainties in the regional circulation of modern reanalysis datasets and have implications for interpreting past and future circulation changes.
Detecting the Phase of Marine Boundary Layer Clouds: Some Implications for Cloud Albedo
Authors: Rampal N. , Davies R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study examines rare examples of marine boundary layer clouds that show a sharp transition from supercooled to glaciated phase without other significant changes in appearance. We used the Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization's (CALIOP) cloud phase detection algorithm and cloud top height to identify these cases. Measurements by CALIOP were co‐located with those by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to determine spectral changes in reflected and emitted radiation along the glaciated to supercooled transition path. In every case, the MODIS 8.5–11 µm brightness temperature difference abruptly changed from positive to negative, with a relatively constant cloud top temperature. No change was seen in visible reflectivity, and only weak changes were detected in shortwave infrared reflectivity. These glaciated‐to‐supercooled transitions were incorrectly classified with the MODIS cloud phase classification algorithm. We show that, for boundary layer clouds, it is possible to improve the (passive) remote sensing of the cloud phase using only a single spectral difference in brightness temperature. Using this approach, we closely match CALIOP's climatological distributions of the cloud phase. Our work also indicates that a sudden change in the boundary layer cloud thermodynamic phase from supercooled to glaciated is not accompanied by a shift in shortwave albedo.
Quantifying Permanent Uplift Due To Lithosphere‐Hotspot Interaction
Authors: Lang Guy , ten Brink Uri S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVertical motions that accompany the passage of the lithosphere over a mantle hotspot can shed light on the nature of the hotspot and its effect on the lithosphere. However, quantifying the temporal vertical and spatial extent, is challenging due to the paucity of evidence in the geological record. Here, we utilize dense seismic and well data covering the intersection of the Great Meteor Hotspot (GMH) track with the U.S. Atlantic continental margin to constrain the surface expression of the hotspot passage under the lithosphere. The continuous sedimentary record of the eastern North American margin during its passage over the hotspot allows determination of the timing, magnitude, width and rate of denudation. We find that a ∼300 km wide region was denuded by up to 850 m between ∼97 and 86 Ma, ∼10 m.y. after the passage of the GMH. Stratigraphic relationships suggest a decaying rock uplift rate with time and no subsequent sagging. The broad, long‐lasting, and delayed uplift was modeled as a surface manifestation of either sub‐lithospheric mantle depletion, permanently eroded base of the continental lithosphere, or intrusions of depleted magma. We consider sub‐lithospheric depletion to be the most likely cause, based on seismic imaging results.
Efficacy of Longitudinal Training Walls to Mitigate Riverbed Erosion
Authors: Czapiga Matthew J. , Blom Astrid , Viparelli Enrica 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Waal Branch of the Rhine River has eroded over the last 150 years following channel straightening and narrowing. In 2014–2015 a pilot project replaced existing groynes over an 11 km long reach with three longitudinal training walls (LTWs) to mitigate channel bed erosion, among other purposes. Walls are lower than the river bank and split the flow between a primary and an auxiliary channel, which are hydraulically connected during floods. Water enters the auxiliary channel at three elevations (from bottom to top): via an entrance weir, through inter‐wall notches, and over the wall. Bathymetry and discharge data were collected for 5 years after construction, which is a first indication that longitudinal dams can help mitigate channel bed erosion and analyzed to understand how the walls partition water and sediment and whether erosion is mitigated by LTWs. As the river discharge increases, a larger fraction of flow is diverted from the primary channel into the auxiliary channel. After a flood, sediment is deposited in the primary channel near the upstream end of each wall and localized scour occurs where the auxiliary channel rejoins the primary channel. Between floods, the accumulated sediment disperses and scour pits tend to fill. We observe a net‐accumulation of sediment in the study domain 5 years after construction. Erosion is best mitigated when weir flow is minimized to keep bed material in the primary channel, but weir flow remains important at lower flows for ecological purposes.
Cisplatin-induced cell death increases the degradation of the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex through the autophagy/lysosomal pathway
Authors: Belmonte-Fernández Alejandro , Herrero-Ruíz Joaquín , Galindo-Moreno María , Limón-Mortés M. Cristina , Mora-Santos Mar , Sáez Carmen , Japón Miguel Á. , Tortolero Maria , Romero Francisco 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCisplatin and other platinum-based anticancer agents are among the most widely used chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of different types of cancer. However, it is common to find patients who respond well to treatment at first but later relapse due to the appearance of resistance to cisplatin. Among the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon is the increase in DNA damage repair. Here, we elucidate the effect of cisplatin on the MRN (MRE11-RAD50-NBS1) DNA damage sensor complex. We found that the tumor suppressor FBXW7 is a key factor in controlling the turnover of the MRN complex by inducing its degradation through lysosomes. Inhibition of lysosomal enzymes allowed the detection of the association of FBXW7-dependent ubiquitylated MRN with LC3 and the autophagy adaptor p62/SQSTM1 and the localization of MRN in lysosomes. Furthermore, cisplatin-induced cell death increased MRN degradation, suggesting that this complex is one of the targets that favor cell death. These findings open the possibility of using the induction of the degradation of the MRN complex after genotoxic damage as a potential therapeutic strategy to eliminate tumor cells.