bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rumen temperature is a reliable proxy of core body temperature in sheep (
Authors: Vesterdorf Kristine , Beatty David T. , Barnes Anne , Maloney Shane K. 
Published: July 2022

Context In ruminant animals, such as sheep, the maintenance of a stable core body temperature is achieved through the controlled process of thermoregulation. The live export of sheep from Australia can expose sheep to heat stress, especially when vessels near, or cross, the equator, that can impact on animal welfare by causing hyperthermia. Aim The use of thermologgers located in the rumen of sheep could provide a direct, real-time method to monitor the thermal status of sheep during live export without the need to handle animals during shipping. We determined the relationship between core temperature and rumen temperature during changes in various factors that impact on an animal’s heat balance. Methods Sixteen wethers were implanted with thermologgers in the rumen to measure rumen temperature and in the abdominal cavity to measure core temperature. The sheep were exposed to environmental conditions similar to those experienced by sheep on live export vessels. The environment was assessed using the wet-bulb temperature. In the first trial, eight Merinos were shorn while the remaining eight retained their fleece. In the second trial all sheep were shorn, and eight sheep were offered a chaff diet and eight a pelletised diet while the wet bulb temperature increased. The rumen and core temperatures were compared. Key results We show that when core temperature increased during exposure to heat load, so did rumen temperature and, despite relatively large changes in overall body temperature, the difference between these temperatures remained stable. The daily average relationship between rumen and core temperatures was 0.5 ± 0.1°C and that difference was not affected by water ingestion, length of fleece, diet composition, or exposure to hot and humid conditions similar to those reported on live export vessels. Conclusion and implications By subtraction of 0.5°C from the measured rumen temperature in live export sheep, the use of rumen thermologgers would provide a reliable measure of core temperature and hence an indication of the thermal status of the sheep throughout the export journey.
Simple synthesis of soft, tough, and cytocompatible biohybrid composites
Authors: Darkes-Burkey Cameron , Liu Xiao , Slyker Leigh , Mulderrig Jason , Pan Wenyang , Giannelis Emmanuel P. , Shepherd Robert F. , Bonassar Lawrence J. , Bouklas Nikolaos 
Published: July 2022

Collagen is the most abundant component of mammalian extracellular matrices. As such, the development of materials that mimic the biological and mechanical properties of collagenous tissues is an enduring goal of the biomaterials community. Despite the development of molded and 3D printed collagen hydrogel platforms, their use as biomaterials and tissue engineering scaffolds is hindered by either low stiffness and toughness or processing complexity. Here, we demonstrate the development of stiff and tough biohybrid composites by combining collagen with a zwitterionic hydrogel through simple mixing. This combination led to the self-assembly of a nanostructured fibrillar network of collagen that was ionically linked to the surrounding zwitterionic hydrogel matrix, leading to a composite microstructure reminiscent of soft biological tissues. The addition of 5–15 mg mL
−1
collagen and the formation of nanostructured fibrils increased the elastic modulus of the composite system by 40% compared to the base zwitterionic matrix. Most notably, the addition of collagen increased the fracture energy nearly 11-fold (

Γ
=

180 J m
−2
) and clearly delayed crack initiation and propagation. These composites exhibit elastic modulus (

E
=

0.180 MJ) and toughness (

W

*

=

0.617 MJ m
−3
) approaching that of biological tissues such as articular cartilage. Maintenance of the fibrillar structure of collagen also greatly enhanced cytocompatibility, improving cell adhesion more than 100-fold with >90% cell viability.
Application of artificial intelligence techniques for automated detection of myocardial infarction: a review
Authors: Hassannataj Joloudari Javad , Mojrian Sanaz , Nodehi Issa , Mashmool Amir , Kiani Zadegan Zeynab , Khanjani Shirkharkolaie Sahar , Alizadehsani Roohallah , Tamadon Tahereh , Khosravi Samiyeh , Akbari Kohnehshari Mitra , Hassannatajjeloudari Edris , Sharifrazi Danial , Mosavi Amir , Loh Hui Wen , Tan Ru-San , Acharya U Rajendra 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective. Myocardial infarction (MI) results in heart muscle injury due to receiving insufficient blood flow. MI is the most common cause of mortality in middle-aged and elderly individuals worldwide. To diagnose MI, clinicians need to interpret electrocardiography (ECG) signals, which requires expertise and is subject to observer bias. Artificial intelligence-based methods can be utilized to screen for or diagnose MI automatically using ECG signals. Approach. In this work, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of artificial intelligence-based approaches for MI detection based on ECG and some other biophysical signals, including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models. The performance of traditional ML methods relies on handcrafted features and manual selection of ECG signals, whereas DL models can automate these tasks. Main results. The review observed that deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) yielded excellent classification performance for MI diagnosis, which explains why they have become prevalent in recent years. Significance. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive survey of artificial intelligence techniques employed for MI diagnosis using ECG and some other biophysical signals.
Precise prediction of photothermally induced irreversible bending deformation based on non-uniform thermal expansion of layer-structure films
Authors: Yang Hongwei , Liu Yue , Sun Kaicheng , Fang Liang , Lu Chunhua , Xu Zhongzi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Although photothermally induced self-bending films based on nonuniform thermal expansion are created, heat transfer and shape-deformation procedures are not investigated very well, limiting the understanding of such complicated behavior and the achievement of precise shape control. Here, thermally expanded microspheres (TEMs) were added into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to create active layers as PDMS-TEM single-layer films that were attached onto pure PDMS passive layer to create PDMS/PDMS-TEM bi-layer films subsequently. After heating, TEMs in the film undergo phase transition and present irreversible thermal expansion, driving deformation of films. Combined with steady-state (uniform heating) deformation simulations and experiments, a deformation model was established before a non-steady state (light irradiation) heat transfer model was set up to simulate the heat transfer process of films under light irradiation. Then the temperature distribution was coupled with the deformation model to simulate the photothermally induced deformation of the samples. The PDMS-TEM single-layer films also presented bending deformation under illumination due to the non-uniform thermal expansion caused by temperature gradient. For bi-layer films, different degrees of thermal expansion between two layers lead to bending deformation. The films with TEM concentration of 30 wt% can achieve great deformation, and the bending curvature was 0.07 mm−1. The geometric parameters including thickness, layer thickness ratio and aspect ratio had little effect on deformation degrees of the films. Deformation mode was varied with aspect ratio. A long side bending and diagonal bending were achieved in bi-layer films at aspect ratios of 7:1 and 1:1. In combination with experimental results, the heat transfer model and deformation model were constructed to demonstrate the complex deformation process, which provides guidance for the structural design of the photothermally induced shape-changing films in practical applications.
Kaonic atoms at the DAΦNE collider with the SIDDHARTA-2 experiment
Authors: Napolitano F , Sgaramella F , Bazzi M , Bosnar D , Bragadireanu M , Carminati M , Cargnelli M , Clozza A , Deda G , De Paolis L , Del Grande R , Fabbietti L , Fiorini C , Guaraldo C , Iliescu M , Iwasaki M , Levi Sandri P , Marton J , Miliucci M , Moskal P , Niedz`wiecki S , Piscicchia K , Scordo A , Shi H , Sirghi D , Sirghi F , Silarski M , Skurzok M , Spallone A , Tüchler M , Zmeskal J , Curceanu C 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Kaonic atoms are a unique tool to explore quantum chromodynamics in the strangeness sector at low energy, with implications reaching neutron stars and dark matter. Precision x-ray spectroscopy can fully unlock the at-threshold isospin dependent antikaon-nucleon scattering lengths, via the atomic transitions to the fundamental level. While the SIDDHARTA experiment at the INFN-LNF DAΦNE collider successfully measured kaonic hydrogen, its successor SIDDHARTA-2 is starting now its data taking campaign aiming to finally fully disentangle the isoscalar and isovector scattering lengths via the measurement of kaonic deuterium. An overview of the first experimental results from a preparatory run for the SIDDAHARTA-2 experiment is presented.
The role of Debye mass in the chiral crossover in a strong magnetic field
Authors: Zhang Jia , Wen Xin-Jian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the Debye mass of quarks is investigated in the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model at zero and nonzero chemical potentials. In a uniform plasma, the Debye mass usually behaves as a monotonous increasing function of the temperature, the chemical potential and the magnetic field. At the fixed coupling interaction G, we find that the magnetic catalysis (MC) on the occurrence of the chiral restoration could be revealed by the susceptibility of the Debye mass dm

D
/dT at low chemical potential and by the quantity Tdm

D
/dT in the region of moderate densities. However, the inverse MC is realized under a thermomagnetic coupling constant G(B, T) by the behavior of the Debye mass at both zero and nonzero chemical potentials.
Economic optimization of acceptance interval in conformity assessment: 2. Process with unknown systematic effect
Authors: Shirono Katsuhiro , Tanaka Hideyuki , Koike Masayoshi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, optimization of acceptance interval in conformity assessment using the expression of the revenue that we showed in part 1 of this study is proposed under the condition of a systematic effect component being present in the measurement uncertainty. Systematic effect components are caused by unknown biases. Using the distribution based on the uncertainty information of the bias, we can develop the distribution of the revenue. Our idea is to set a percentile of the revenue distribution as the target of the maximization to reflect the systematic effect component in the optimization of the acceptance interval. We provide an equation for the optimum acceptance interval that can be numerically solved with little burden. We found that the choice of the probability for the percentile is an essential task in the optimization. Our proposed method incorporating the systematic effect seems to be sufficiently practical to be applied to actual processes.
Biomimetic folding of triangular deployable membranes
Authors: Tang Yuzhen , Beccarelli Paolo , Guo Hongwei , Liu Rongqiang , De Focatiis Davide , Deng Zongquan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Deployable membranes are being increasingly applied in numerous space projects owing to their light weight, small stowage volume and capacity for use at large scales. The geometric design of biomimetic folding is studied to design crease patterns for triangular deployable membranes applied in space. Various crease designs for triangular membranes based on leaf-in, leaf-out and orthogonal patterns are put forward, especially patterns composed of triangular and hexagonal units. In order to analyse the membrane folding method based on biomimetic folding, a set of evaluation indices, including linear dimension ratio, deployment ratio, crease length and junction number, are established. The indices for various membrane folding patterns are calculated according to the crease distributions and geometric relations. Furthermore, a parametric study of crease parameters is performed to determine how the parameters affect folding behaviour and deployment efficiency. These indices can provide an indication to help with the selection of crease patterns and folding parameters for triangular deployable membranes according to the required performance and space mission requirements.
Developing a two-parabolic band model for thermoelectric transport modelling using Mg2Sn as an example
Authors: Naithani H , Müller E , de Boor J 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Thermoelectrics is a field driven by material research aimed at increasing the thermal to electrical conversion efficiency of thermoelectric (TE) materials. Material optimisation is necessary to achieve a high figure of merit (zT) and in turn a high conversion efficiency. Experimental efforts are guided by the theoretical predictions of the optimum carrier concentration for which generally the single parabolic band (SPB) model is used which considers the contribution to electronic transport only from the majority carriers’ band. However, most TE materials reach peak performance (maximum zT) close to their maximum application temperature and when minority carrier effects become relevant. Therefore, single band modelling is insufficient to model the behaviour of TE materials in their most practically relevant temperature range. Inclusion of minority effects requires addition of the minority carrier band and necessitates the use of a two-band model—the simplest and, for most cases, sufficient improvement. In this study, we present a systematic methodology for developing a two-band model using one valence and one conduction band for any given TE material. The method utilises in part the SPB model and in part a simple cost function based analysis to extract material parameters like density of states masses, band gap, deformation potential constant etc., based on easily available experimental data. This simple and powerful method is exemplified using Mg2Sn, chosen due to its low band gap, the availability of experimental data in a wide range of dopant concentrations and its practical importance, being an end member of the highly popular Mg2(Si,Sn) solid solutions. Using the experimental data for p- and n-type Mg2Sn from literature, a two-band model was obtained. Optimum carrier concentration and maximum zT were predicted from both SPB and two-band models and at 650 K pronounced differences between the two models, which could prevent realisation of maximum zT, were observed, demonstrating the practical necessity to model the effect of minority carriers.
Evolutionary processes in an undescribed eucalypt: implications for the translocation of a critically endangered species
Authors: Rutherford Susan , Wilson Trevor C , Yap Jia-Yee Samantha , Lee Enhua , Errington Graeme , Rossetto Maurizio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsKnowledge of the evolutionary processes responsible for the distribution of threatened and highly localized species is important for their conservation. Population genomics can provide insights into evolutionary processes to inform management practices, including the translocation of threatened plant species. In this study, we focus on a critically endangered eucalypt, Eucalyptus sp. Cattai, which is restricted to a 40-km2 area of Sydney, Australia, and is threatened by increased urbanization. Eucalyptus sp. Cattai has yet to be formally described in part due to its suspected hybrid origin. Here, we examined evolutionary processes and species boundaries in E. sp. Cattai to determine whether translocation was warranted.MethodsWe used genome-wide scans to investigate the evolutionary relationships of E. sp. Cattai with related species, and to assess levels of genetic health and admixture. Morphological trait and genomic data were obtained from seedlings of E. sp. Cattai propagated in a common garden to assess their genetic provenance and hybrid status.Key ResultsAll analyses revealed that E. sp. Cattai was strongly supported as a distinct species. Genetic diversity varied across populations, and clonality was unexpectedly high. Interspecific hybridization was detected, and was more prevalent in seedlings compared to in situ adult plants, indicating that post-zygotic barriers may restrict the establishment of hybrids.ConclusionsMultiple evolutionary processes (e.g. hybridization and clonality) can operate within one rare and restricted species. Insights regarding evolutionary processes from our study were used to assist with the translocation of genetically ‘pure’ and healthy ex situ seedlings to nearby suitable habitat. Our findings demonstrate that it is vital to provide an understanding of evolutionary relationships and processes with an examination of population genomics in the design and implementation of an effective translocation strategy.
Role of the conserved pyridoxal 5ʹ-phosphate-binding protein YggS/PLPBP in vitamin B6 and amino acid homeostasis
Authors: Ito Tomokazu 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The YggS/PLPBP protein (also called COG0325 or PLPHP) is a conserved pyridoxal 5ʹ-phosphate (PLP)-binding protein present in all 3 domains of life. Recent studies have demonstrated that disruption or mutation of this protein has multifaceted effects in various organisms, including vitamin B6-dependent epilepsy in humans. In Escherichia coli, disruption of this protein—encoded by yggS—perturbs Thr-Ile/Val metabolism, one-carbon metabolism, coenzyme A synthesis, and vitamin B6 homeostasis. This protein is critical for maintaining low levels of pyridoxine 5ʹ-phosphate (PNP) in various organisms. In the yggS-deficient E. coli strain, inhibition of PLP-dependent enzymes, such as the glycine cleavage system by PNP, is the root cause of metabolic perturbation. Our data suggest that the YggS/PLPBP protein may be involved in the balancing of B6 vitamers by mediating efficient turnover of protein-bound B6 vitamers. This paper reviews recent findings on the function of the YggS/PLPBP protein.
The conspicuousness contradiction: brighter males have lower mating chances in the damselfly Argia hasemani but not in Argia croceipennis
Authors: Massote Clara , Pessoa Daniel Marques Almeida , Peixoto Paulo Enrique Cardoso 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In odonates, male coloration is often more conspicuous than female coloration. This difference is frequently attributed to the role of male colour in male–male competition to access females. However, there are sexually dimorphic odonate species, such as the damselflies Argia hasemani and Argia croceipennis, in which male–male interactions are much less intense. In these species, it might be that male coloration affects male success directly when interacting with females. Therefore, we hypothesized that males with more intense coloration present higher copulation success. To investigate this hypothesis, we registered which males copulated in the field during 4 days and estimated the coloration of all observed males in the female visual spectrum. Surprisingly, we found that dull males had higher chances of copulation in A. hasemani, whereas in A. croceipennis male coloration did not influence the chances of copulation. Our data also indicated that brighter males of A. hasemani were also more conspicuous to potential avian predators, whereas this was not the case in A. croceipennis. We suggest that females of A. hasemani might avoid brighter males owing to increased risk of predation during copulation.
Cerebral organoids containing an AUTS2 missense variant model microcephaly
Authors: Fair Summer R , Schwind Wesley , Julian Dominic L , Biel Alecia , Guo Gongbo , Rutherford Ryan , Ramadesikan Swetha , Westfall Jesse , Miller Katherine E , Kararoudi Meisam Naeimi , Hickey Scott E , Mosher Theresa Mihalic , McBride Kim L , Neinast Reid , Fitch James , Lee Dean A , White Peter , Wilson Richard K , Bedrosian Tracy A , Koboldt Daniel C , Hester Mark E 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Variants in the AUTS2 gene are associated with a broad spectrum of neurological conditions characterized by intellectual disability, microcephaly, and congenital brain malformations. Here, we use a human cerebral organoid model to investigate the pathophysiology of a heterozygous de novo missense AUTS2 variant identified in a patient with multiple neurological impairments including primary microcephaly and profound intellectual disability.
Proband cerebral organoids exhibit reduced growth, deficits in neural progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation and disrupted NPC polarity within ventricular zone-like regions compared to control cerebral organoids. We used CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing to correct this variant and demonstrate rescue of impaired organoid growth and NPC proliferative deficits. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed a marked reduction of G1/S transition gene expression and alterations in WNT-β-catenin signalling within proband NPCs, uncovering a novel role for AUTS2 in NPCs during human cortical development.
Collectively, these results underscore the value of cerebral organoids to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying AUTS2 syndrome.
Faecal Myeloperoxidase as a Biomarker of Endoscopic Activity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Swaminathan Akhilesh , Borichevsky Grace M , Edwards Teagan S , Hirschfeld Esther , Mules Thomas C , Frampton Chris M A , Day Andrew S , Hampton Mark B , Kettle Anthony J , Gearry Richard B 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], consisting of Crohn’s disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC], is a relapsing-remitting illness. Treat-to-target IBD management strategies require monitoring of gastrointestinal inflammation. This study aimed to investigate faecal myeloperoxidase [fMPO], a neutrophil granule enzyme, as a biomarker of IBD activity.

Methods
Prospectively recruited participants with IBD, undergoing ileocolonoscopy for disease assessment, provided biological samples and completed symptom questionnaires prior to endoscopy. fMPO, C-reactive protein [CRP], and faecal calprotectin [fCal] were compared with validated endoscopic indices [simple endoscopic score for CD and UC endoscopic index of severity]. Receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curves assessed the performance of fMPO, CRP, and fCal in predicting endoscopic disease activity. Baseline biomarkers were used to predict a composite endpoint of complicated disease at 12 months [need for escalation of biologic/immunomodulator due to relapse, steroid use, IBD-related hospitalisation, and surgery].

Results
A total of 172 participants were recruited [91 female, 100 with CD]. fMPO was significantly correlated with endoscopic activity in both CD [r = 0.53, p &lt; 0.01] and UC [r = 0.63, p &lt; 0.01], and with fCal in all patients with IBD [r = 0.82, p &lt; 0.01]. fMPO was effective in predicting moderate-to-severely active CD [AUROC 0.86, p &lt; 0.01] and UC [AUROC 0.92, p &lt; 0.01]. Individuals with a baseline fMPO &gt; 26 µg/g were significantly more likely to reach the composite outcome at 12 months (hazard ratio [HR] 3.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.07–6.64, p &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
Faecal myeloperoxidase is an accurate biomarker of endoscopic activity in IBD and predicted a more complicated IBD course during follow-up.