bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermoregulation and golden hour practices in extremely preterm infants: an international survey
Authors: Jani Pranav , Mishra Umesh , Buchmayer Julia , Walker Karen , Gözen Duygu , Maheshwari Rajesh , D’Çruz Daphne , Lowe Krista , Wright Audrey , Marceau James , Culcer Mihaela , Priyadarshi Archana , Kirby Adrienne , Moore James E. , Oei Ju Lee , Shah Vibhuti , Vaidya Umesh , Khashana Abdelmoneim , Godambe Sunit , Cheah Fook Choe , Zhou Wenhao , Xiaojing Hu , Satardien Muneerah 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Are thermoregulation and golden hour practices in extremely preterm (EP) infants comparable across the world? This study aims to describe these practices for EP infants based on the neonatal intensive care unit’s (NICUs) geographic region, country’s income status and the lowest gestational age (GA) of infants resuscitated.

Methods
The Director of each NICU was requested to complete the e-questionnaire between February 2019 and August 2021.

Results
We received 848 responses, from all geographic regions and resource settings. Variations in most thermoregulation and golden hour practices were observed. Using a polyethylene plastic wrap, commencing humidity within 60 min of admission, and having local protocols were the most consistent practices (>75%). The odds for the following practices differed in NICUs resuscitating infants from 22 to 23 weeks GA compared to those resuscitating from 24 to 25 weeks: respiratory support during resuscitation and transport, use of polyethylene plastic wrap and servo-control mode, commencing ambient humidity >80% and presence of local protocols.

Conclusion
Evidence-based practices on thermoregulation and golden hour stabilisation differed based on the unit’s region, country’s income status and the lowest GA of infants resuscitated. Future efforts should address reducing variation in practice and aligning practices with international guidelines.

Impact

A wide variation in thermoregulation and golden hour practices exists depending on the income status, geographic region and lowest gestation age of infants resuscitated.

Using a polyethylene plastic wrap, commencing humidity within 60 min of admission and having local protocols were the most consistent practices.

This study provides a comprehensive description of thermoregulation and golden hour practices to allow a global comparison in the delivery of best evidence-based practice.

The findings of this survey highlight a need for reducing variation in practice and aligning practices with international guidelines for a comparable health care delivery.
Modelling aggressive prostate cancers of young men in immune-competent mice, driven by isogenic Trp53 alterations and Pten loss
Authors: Mejía-Hernández Javier Octavio , Keam Simon P. , Saleh Reem , Muntz Fenella , Fox Stephen B. , Byrne David , Kogan Arielle , Pang Lokman , Huynh Jennifer , Litchfield Cassandra , Caramia Franco , Lozano Guillermina , He Hua , You James M. , Sandhu Shahneen , Williams Scott G. , Haupt Ygal , Haupt Sue 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnderstanding prostate cancer onset and progression in order to rationally treat this disease has been critically limited by a dire lack of relevant pre-clinical animal models. We have generated a set of genetically engineered mice that mimic human prostate cancer, initiated from the gland epithelia. We chose driver gene mutations that are specifically relevant to cancers of young men, where aggressive disease poses accentuated survival risks. An outstanding advantage of our models are their intact repertoires of immune cells. These mice provide invaluable insight into the importance of immune responses in prostate cancer and offer scope for studying treatments, including immunotherapies. Our prostate cancer models strongly support the role of tumour suppressor p53 in functioning to critically restrain the emergence of cancer pathways that drive cell cycle progression; alter metabolism and vasculature to fuel tumour growth; and mediate epithelial to mesenchymal-transition, as vital to invasion. Importantly, we also discovered that the type of p53 alteration dictates the specific immune cell profiles most significantly disrupted, in a temporal manner, with ramifications for disease progression. These new orthotopic mouse models demonstrate that each of the isogenic hotspot p53 amino acid mutations studied (R172H and R245W, the mouse equivalents of human R175H and R248W respectively), drive unique cellular changes affecting pathways of proliferation and immunity. Our findings support the hypothesis that individual p53 mutations confer their own particular oncogenic gain of function in prostate cancer.
Pushing the limits of remote RF sensing by reading lips under the face mask
Authors: Hameed Hira , Usman Muhammad , Tahir Ahsen , Hussain Amir , Abbas Hasan , Cui Tie Jun , Imran Muhammad Ali , Abbasi Qammer H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe problem of Lip-reading has become an important research challenge in recent years. The goal is to recognise speech from lip movements. Most of the Lip-reading technologies developed so far are camera-based, which require video recording of the target. However, these technologies have well-known limitations of occlusion and ambient lighting with serious privacy concerns. Furthermore, vision-based technologies are not useful for multi-modal hearing aids in the coronavirus (COVID-19) environment, where face masks have become a norm. This paper aims to solve the fundamental limitations of camera-based systems by proposing a radio frequency (RF) based Lip-reading framework, having an ability to read lips under face masks. The framework employs Wi-Fi and radar technologies as enablers of RF sensing based Lip-reading. A dataset comprising of vowels A, E, I, O, U and empty (static/closed lips) is collected using both technologies, with a face mask. The collected data is used to train machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models. A high classification accuracy of 95% is achieved on the Wi-Fi data utilising neural network (NN) models. Moreover, similar accuracy is achieved by VGG16 deep learning model on the collected radar-based dataset.
Pharmacogenomics polygenic risk score for drug response prediction using PRS-PGx methods
Authors: Zhai Song , Zhang Hong , Mehrotra Devan V. , Shen Judong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolygenic risk scores (PRS) have been successfully developed for the prediction of human diseases and complex traits in the past years. For drug response prediction in randomized clinical trials, a common practice is to apply PRS built from a disease genome-wide association study (GWAS) directly to a corresponding pharmacogenomics (PGx) setting. Here, we show that such an approach relies on stringent assumptions about the prognostic and predictive effects of the selected genetic variants. We propose a shift from disease PRS to PGx PRS approaches by simultaneously modeling both the prognostic and predictive effects and further make this shift possible by developing a series of PRS-PGx methods, including a novel Bayesian regression approach (PRS-PGx-Bayes). Simulation studies show that PRS-PGx methods generally outperform the disease PRS methods and PRS-PGx-Bayes is superior to all other PRS-PGx methods. We further apply the PRS-PGx methods to PGx GWAS data from a large cardiovascular randomized clinical trial (IMPROVE-IT) to predict treatment related LDL cholesterol reduction. The results demonstrate substantial improvement of PRS-PGx-Bayes in both prediction accuracy and the capability of capturing the treatment-specific predictive effects while compared with the disease PRS approaches.
The impact of repeated rapid test strategies on the effectiveness of at-home antiviral treatments for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Menkir Tigist F. , Donnelly Christl A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRegular rapid testing can provide twofold benefilts: identifying infectious individuals and providing positive tests sufficiently early during infection that treatment with antivirals can effectively inhibit development of severe disease. Here, we provide a quantitative illustration of the extent of nirmatrelvir-associated treatment benefits that are accrued among high-risk populations when rapid tests are administered at various intervals. Strategies for which tests are administered more frequently are associated with greater reductions in the risk of hospitalization, with weighted risk ratios for testing every other day to once every 2 weeks ranging from 0.17 (95% CI: 0.11–0.28) to 0.77 (95% CI: 0.69–0.83) and correspondingly, higher proportions of the infected population benefiting from treatment, ranging from 0.26 (95% CI: 0.18–0.34) to 0.92 (95% CI: 0.80–0.98), respectively. Importantly, reduced treatment delays, coupled with increased test and treatment coverage, have a critical influence on average treatment benefits, confirming the significance of access.
Beiging of perivascular adipose tissue regulates its inflammation and vascular remodeling
Authors: Adachi Yusuke , Ueda Kazutaka , Nomura Seitaro , Ito Kaoru , Katoh Manami , Katagiri Mikako , Yamada Shintaro , Hashimoto Masaki , Zhai Bowen , Numata Genri , Otani Akira , Hinata Munetoshi , Hiraike Yuta , Waki Hironori , Takeda Norifumi , Morita Hiroyuki , Ushiku Tetsuo , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Takimoto Eiki , Komuro Issei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough inflammation plays critical roles in the development of atherosclerosis, its regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been reported to undergo inflammatory changes in response to vascular injury. Here, we show that vascular injury induces the beiging (brown adipose tissue-like phenotype change) of PVAT, which fine-tunes inflammatory response and thus vascular remodeling as a protective mechanism. In a mouse model of endovascular injury, macrophages accumulate in PVAT, causing beiging phenotype change. Inhibition of PVAT beiging by genetically silencing PRDM16, a key regulator to beiging, exacerbates inflammation and vascular remodeling following injury. Conversely, activation of PVAT beiging attenuates inflammation and pathological vascular remodeling. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that beige adipocytes abundantly express neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) which critically regulate alternative macrophage activation. Importantly, significant beiging is observed in the diseased aortic PVAT in patients with acute aortic dissection. Taken together, vascular injury induces the beiging of adjacent PVAT with macrophage accumulation, where NRG4 secreted from the beige PVAT facilitates alternative activation of macrophages, leading to the resolution of vascular inflammation. Our study demonstrates the pivotal roles of PVAT in vascular inflammation and remodeling and will open a new avenue for treating atherosclerosis.
Microbial biofilms as living photoconductors due to ultrafast electron transfer in cytochrome OmcS nanowires
Authors: Neu Jens , Shipps Catharine C. , Guberman-Pfeffer Matthew J. , Shen Cong , Srikanth Vishok , Spies Jacob A. , Kirchhofer Nathan D. , Yalcin Sibel Ebru , Brudvig Gary W. , Batista Victor S. , Malvankar Nikhil S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLight-induced microbial electron transfer has potential for efficient production of value-added chemicals, biofuels and biodegradable materials owing to diversified metabolic pathways. However, most microbes lack photoactive proteins and require synthetic photosensitizers that suffer from photocorrosion, photodegradation, cytotoxicity, and generation of photoexcited radicals that are harmful to cells, thus severely limiting the catalytic performance. Therefore, there is a pressing need for biocompatible photoconductive materials for efficient electronic interface between microbes and electrodes. Here we show that living biofilms of Geobacter sulfurreducens use nanowires of cytochrome OmcS as intrinsic photoconductors. Photoconductive atomic force microscopy shows up to 100-fold increase in photocurrent in purified individual nanowires. Photocurrents respond rapidly (<100 ms) to the excitation and persist reversibly for hours. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and quantum dynamics simulations reveal ultrafast (~200 fs) electron transfer between nanowire hemes upon photoexcitation, enhancing carrier density and mobility. Our work reveals a new class of natural photoconductors for whole-cell catalysis.
Comparing the levelized cost of electric vehicle charging options in Europe
Authors: Lanz Lukas , Noll Bessie , Schmidt Tobias S. , Steffen Bjarne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith rapidly decreasing purchase prices of electric vehicles, charging costs are becoming ever more important for the diffusion of electric vehicles as required to decarbonize transport. However, the costs of charging electric vehicles in Europe are largely unknown. Here we develop a systematic classification of charging options, gather extensive market data on equipment cost, and employ a levelized cost approach to model charging costs in 30 European countries (European Union 27, Great Britain, Norway, Switzerland) and for 13 different charging options for private passenger transport. The findings demonstrate a large variance of charging costs across countries and charging options, suggesting different policy options to reduce charging costs. A specific analysis on the impacts and relevance of publicly accessible charging station utilization is performed. The results reveal charging costs at these stations to be competitive with fuel costs at typical utilization rates exhibited already today.
Meta-analysis reveals weak but pervasive plasticity in insect thermal limits
Authors: Weaving Hester , Terblanche John S. , Pottier Patrice , English Sinead 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExtreme temperature events are increasing in frequency and intensity due to climate change. Such events threaten insects, including pollinators, pests and disease vectors. Insect critical thermal limits can be enhanced through acclimation, yet evidence that plasticity aids survival at extreme temperatures is limited. Here, using meta-analyses across 1374 effect sizes, 74 studies and 102 species, we show that thermal limit plasticity is pervasive but generally weak: per 1 °C rise in acclimation temperature, critical thermal maximum increases by 0.09 °C; and per 1 °C decline, critical thermal minimum decreases by 0.15 °C. Moreover, small but significant publication bias suggests that the magnitude of plasticity is marginally overestimated. We find juvenile insects are more plastic than adults, highlighting that physiological responses of insects vary through ontogeny. Overall, we show critical thermal limit plasticity is likely of limited benefit to insects during extreme climatic events, yet we need more studies in under-represented taxa and geographic regions.
TENT2, TUT4, and TUT7 selectively regulate miRNA sequence and abundance
Authors: Yang Acong , Bofill-De Ros Xavier , Stanton Ryan , Shao Tie-Juan , Villanueva Patricia , Gu Shuo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTENTs generate miRNA isoforms by 3’ tailing. However, little is known about how tailing regulates miRNA function. Here, we generate isogenic HEK293T cell lines in which TENT2, TUT4 and TUT7 are knocked out individually or in combination. Together with rescue experiments, we characterize TENT-specific effects by deep sequencing, Northern blot and in vitro assays. We find that 3’ tailing is not random but highly specific. In addition to its known adenylation, TENT2 contributes to guanylation and uridylation on mature miRNAs. TUT4 uridylates most miRNAs whereas TUT7 is dispensable. Removing adenylation has a marginal impact on miRNA levels. By contrast, abolishing uridylation leads to dysregulation of a set of miRNAs. Besides let-7, miR-181b and miR-222 are negatively regulated by TUT4/7 via distinct mechanisms while the miR-888 cluster is upregulated specifically by TUT7. Our results uncover the selective actions of TENTs in generating 3’ isomiRs and pave the way to investigate their functions.
Germline-somatic JAK2 interactions are associated with clonal expansion in myelofibrosis
Authors: Brown Derek W. , Zhou Weiyin , Wang Youjin , Jones Kristine , Luo Wen , Dagnall Casey , Teshome Kedest , Klein Alyssa , Zhang Tongwu , Lin Shu-Hong , Lee Olivia W. , Khan Sairah , Vo Jacqueline B. , Hutchinson Amy , Liu Jia , Wang Jiahui , Zhu Bin , Hicks Belynda , Martin Andrew St. , Spellman Stephen R. , Wang Tao , Deeg H. Joachim , Gupta Vikas , Lee Stephanie J. , Freedman Neal D. , Yeager Meredith , Chanock Stephen J. , Savage Sharon A. , Saber Wael , Gadalla Shahinaz M. , Machiela Mitchell J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMyelofibrosis is a rare myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) with high risk for progression to acute myeloid leukemia. Our integrated genomic analysis of up to 933 myelofibrosis cases identifies 6 germline susceptibility loci, 4 of which overlap with previously identified MPN loci. Virtual karyotyping identifies high frequencies of mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCAs), with enrichment at myelofibrosis GWAS susceptibility loci and recurrently somatically mutated MPN genes (e.g., JAK2). We replicate prior MPN associations showing germline variation at the 9p24.1 risk haplotype confers elevated risk of acquiring JAK2V617F mutations, demonstrating with long-read sequencing that this relationship occurs in cis. We also describe recurrent 9p24.1 large mCAs that selectively retained JAK2V617F mutations. Germline variation associated with longer telomeres is associated with increased myelofibrosis risk. Myelofibrosis cases with high-frequency JAK2 mCAs have marked reductions in measured telomere length – suggesting a relationship between telomere biology and myelofibrosis clonal expansion. Our results advance understanding of the germline-somatic interaction at JAK2 and implicate mCAs involving JAK2 as strong promoters of clonal expansion of those mutated clones.
High-throughput continuous evolution of compact Cas9 variants targeting single-nucleotide-pyrimidine PAMs
Authors: Huang Tony P. , Heins Zachary J. , Miller Shannon M. , Wong Brandon G. , Balivada Pallavi A. , Wang Tina , Khalil Ahmad S. , Liu David R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite the availability of Cas9 variants with varied protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) compatibilities, some genomic loci—especially those with pyrimidine-rich PAM sequences—remain inaccessible by high-activity Cas9 proteins. Moreover, broadening PAM sequence compatibility through engineering can increase off-target activity. With directed evolution, we generated four Cas9 variants that together enable targeting of most pyrimidine-rich PAM sequences in the human genome. Using phage-assisted noncontinuous evolution and eVOLVER-supported phage-assisted continuous evolution, we evolved Nme2Cas9, a compact Cas9 variant, into variants that recognize single-nucleotide pyrimidine-PAM sequences. We developed a general selection strategy that requires functional editing with fully specified target protospacers and PAMs. We applied this selection to evolve high-activity variants eNme2-T.1, eNme2-T.2, eNme2-C and eNme2-C.NR. Variants eNme2-T.1 and eNme2-T.2 offer access to N4TN PAM sequences with comparable editing efficiencies as existing variants, while eNme2-C and eNme2-C.NR offer less restrictive PAM requirements, comparable or higher activity in a variety of human cell types and lower off-target activity at N4CN PAM sequences.
Five years calibrated observations from the University of Bonn X-band weather radar (BoXPol)
Authors: Pejcic Velibor , Soderholm Joshua , Mühlbauer Kai , Louf Valentin , Trömel Silke 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolarimetric weather radars offer a wealth of new information compared to conventional technology, not only to enhance quantitative precipitation estimation, warnings, and short-term forecasts, but also to improve our understanding of precipitation generating processes and their representation in numerical weather prediction models. To support such research opportunities, this paper describes an open-access dataset between 2014–2019 collected by the polarimetric Doppler X-band weather radar in Bonn (BoXPol), western Germany. To complement this dataset, the technical radar characteristics, scanning strategy and the best-practice for radar data processing are detailed. In addition, an investigation of radar calibration is presented. Reflectivity measurements from the Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar operating on the core satellite of the Global Precipitation Mission are compared to those of BoXPol to provide absolute calibration offsets with the dataset. The Relative Calibration Adjustment technique is applied to identify stable calibration periods. The absolute calibration of differential reflectivity is determined using the vertical scan and provided with the BoxPol dataset.
Design, synthesis, in silico and biological evaluations of novel polysubstituted pyrroles as selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitors against Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Pourtaher Hormoz , Hasaninejad Alireza , Iraji Aida 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to design new polysubstituted pyrrole derivatives as selective acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors to target Alzheimer's disease. In this context, a highly efficient, one-pot, sequential, multi-component synthesis of a diverse range of polysubstituted pyrroles was developed through a sequential domino strategy by the condensation of amines with 1,1-bis(methylthio)-2-nitroethene (BMTNE), Knovenagle reaction of arylglyoxals with malono derivatives and subsequent Michael addition and intramolecular cyclization reaction in EtOH at reflux. Thirty-nine synthesized compounds were evaluated as AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors. Among the synthesized compounds, compound 4ad (IC50 = 2.95 ± 1.31 µM) was the most potent and selective AChE inhibitor with no significant inhibition against butyrylcholinesterase BChE. A kinetic study of 4ad revealed that this compound inhibited AChE in an uncompetitive mode. Based on a molecular modeling study, compound 4ad due to its small size properly fitted into the active site of AChE compared to BChE and stabilized by H-bond and hydrophobic interactions with the critical residues of the AChE binding pocket. Consequently, it was proposed that the 4ad derivative can be an ideal lead candidate against AD with a simple and practical operation of synthetic procedures.
Fission in a colonial marine invertebrate signifies unique life history strategies rather than being a demographic trait
Authors: Ben-Hamo Oshrat , Izhaki Ido , Ben-Shlomo Rachel , Rinkevich Baruch 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEach of the few known life-history strategies (e.g., r/K and parity [semelparity and iteroparity]), is a composite stratagem, signified by co-evolved sets of trade-offs with stochastically distributed variations that do not form novel structured strategies. Tracking the demographic traits of 81Botryllus schlosseri(a marine urochordate) colonies, from birth to death, we revealed three co-existing novel life-history strategies in this long-standing laboratory-bred population, all are bracketed through colonial fission (termed NF, FA and FB for no fission, fission after and fission before reaching maximal colony size, respectively) and derived from organisms maintained in a benign, highly invariable environment. This environment allows us to capture the strategists’ blueprints and their net performance through 13 traits, each branded by high within-strategy variation. Yet, six traits differed significantly among the strategies and, in two, the FB was notably different. These results frame fissions in colonial organisms not as demographic traits, but as pivotal agents for life-history strategies.