bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The econonmic reality Mecca before Islam
Authors: Al-Janabi Hashem Saeb Muhammad , Khalaf Al-Jubouri Farhan Nazzal Issa 
Published: September 2022

Building any country based on its economy is the first pillar in this building and given the importance of this topic,I have chosen that topic of research and study deals with the economic reality of Mecca before Islam ,and although there were studies on trade and economics before, it did not address the main roots of the economy Mecca and the economic reality that was living in before Islam ,so this research ,extracted from a doctoral thesis entitled Quraish merchants and their impact on public life until the end of the Rashidi era ,came to identify the most prominent factors that helped the prosperity of Mecca"s trade and know thereason for its strength and emergence as an economic and political force in the first /sixth Hijri AD.
In the name of Allah the Merciful .This research addresses the theme (Economist reality of Mecca before). The research included in the introduction was given to the importance of research and repair and repetitions of research .The research also included three discourse :first was titled by construction of Mecca and the transportation of foreign external ways to the west of the Arabian peninsula .The second ,eating the Mecca ,as a powerful force in the peninsula and the third search ,ensuring the most prominent commercial markets and the brands of shark commercials worked in trade by the conclusion ,including the most important of the findings found in this research.
The Political Situation in Yemen 1962 - 1967 AD
Authors: Al-Obaidi Anas Abdel-Khaleq Ayed , Jabr Al-Azzawi Hassan Namis Sarhan 
Published: September 2022

Yemen witnessed a kind of openness to the outside world after the revolution of 1948 AD and the coup of 1955 AD in Taiz, and Yemenis became aware of the political, economic and social conditions, but Imam Ahmed deceived the people by trying to respond to the people’s demands to form a government of his followers. Mahmoud al-Numan and his colleague Muhammad Mahmoud al-Zubayri were against the republic and Imam Ahmad rebelled against the republic of Egypt. The opposition took advantage of the dispute and asked for help from Egypt. The major countries did not want to change Yemen according to their interests. The Egyptian position was positive for the revolution, but the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was against the republicans and the Imam paid the money to the border tribes to support him. America asked Israel to strike the Egyptian forces, and America’s position was characterized by duplicity, as it supports the monarchy on the one hand and recognizes the revolution on the other hand, for the purpose of weakening it from within. The aggression on Egypt was considered as page of the past, openness to the world, working to improve the economic situation and stabilizing the country Ed and support the production process and achieve the demands of the people.
Human-Qualities Swear Words in English and Iraqi Arabic: A Sociolinguistic Study
Authors: Salih Ahmed Mohammed , Raoof Muzhda Omer 
Published: September 2022

Language is used by humans to carry out a wide range of social activities. They have to select, among a large number of grammatically correct terms, those that best reflect the social standards that have been established during various periods of time. Swearing is a linguistic device that serves both personal and interpersonal functions in almost all languages. As a result, linguists and anyone interested in language should pay attention to this linguistic phenomenon, which is also accompanied by a certain amount of taboo terms.
The current study focuses on English and Iraqi Arabic societies because they are wealthy in the use of swear words. Its aim is to define, state functions, and trace the history of swear words in language and culture, Also, it highlights and analyzes human qualities based swear words in English and Iraqi Arabic, and concludes the most essential findings.
To fulfil the above aims, it is hypothesized that human qualities swear words are used widely, and some of which are more used than others, culture influences the use of swear words, and the connotative meaning is determined by the context in which swear words are used.
To sum, a range of elements influence the communicative act of swear words, including age, gender, social and economic status, as well as the speaker-listener relationship.
The Image of Muslim in The Kingdom Trailer: A Multimodal Analysis
Authors: Ahmed Muhammed B. , Suleiman Reema S. 
Published: September 2022

Based on multimodal analysis, the study at focus analyses The Kingdom trailer (2007) by adopting Kress and van Leeuwen’s Visual Grammar (1996, 2006), Chandler’s social categories of codes (2007) and Bernstein’s (2003) language codes. This kind of analysis is used to illustrate how the image of Muslim is portrayed in such a trailer. It aims to show how multimodal representational aspects are utilized in depicting such distorted image. Also, it aims at presenting how visual semiotic resources and speeches are constructing certain negative images. This research assumes that meaning construction is not monomodal but an outcome of multimodal means of communication.
The prime conclusions of the current study can be presented as both, visual and verbal aspects which disseminate a negative image of Muslims. Through guns, fight, and extreme behaviour, Muslims are presented as a threat to the Western and prosperous way of life that necessitates force majeure, military actions and murdering. The study at focus also shows that this trailer makes use of a visual mode more than language and the kind of image presented is distorted, unfavourable and misleading. Also, (mis)representation of Muslims in this trailer fuels Islamophobia in a radical manner. Moreover, it has been found that behavioural codes are utilized to link Muslims and Islam to terrorism via the depiction of religious rituals such as prayer and call for prayer after terrorist acts.
Azerbaijani in the focus of Islam Civilization
Authors: Джани-заде Тамила Махмудовна 
Published: September 2022

В статье обсуждаются: проблемы изучения музыкальной истории мусульманского Востока, истории музыкальных традиций Азербайджана и представления об азербайджанском мугаме . Выдвигается тезис о различении понятий макам и мугам. Мугам выражает современную идею о характерных тюрко-огузских признаках исламской музыкальной классики Азербайджана.В контексте Исламской цивилизации раскрывается генезис и развитие музыкальной категории макам, которая выражала с XIV века рефлексии о ладах и модальных формах и раскрывала не древнегреческий, но исламский антропоцентрический концепт музыки. Феномен Исламской цивилизации (VII - XVII века) рассматривается как надэтническая и надгосударственная историко-культурная гиперсистема с единым духовным ядром, в которой выделяются три этапа формирования музыкально- литературных традиций в последовательном доминировании этнических субкультур: арабской (VII - X века), иранской (XI - XV века), тюркской (XVI - XVII века). Отмечается образование арабо-иранского, ирано-тюркского и турецко/османско-арабского симбиозов в музыке.
The article discusses the problem of the Muslim East musical history study, the history of the musical traditions of the modern Azerbaijan, the ideas about the Azerbaijani mugham . The thesis on the distinction between the notions of maqam and mugham is put forward, that mugham - a modern concept characterizes the Turkic-Oghuz features of the Islam musical classic of Azerbaijan. The genesis and development of the musical category maqam is considered in the context of the history of Islam civilization (VII-XVII cc.). Maqam reflected from the 14th c. the idea about modes and modal forms and expressed not the ancient Greek, but the Islamic anthropocentric concept of music. The phenomenon of Islam civilization is revealed as a supra-ethnic and supranational historic-cultural hypersystem, which had a common spiritual core, with the allocation of three stages in the development of music-literary classical traditions. The stages presented the dominance of three ethnic subcultures: Arabic (7th -10th cc.), Iranian (11th -15th cc.), Turkic (16th -17th cc.). The formation of Arab-Iranian, Iranian-Turkic and Turkish-Arabic symbioses in music during the civilization and post-civilization periods is noted.
About the musical traditions of Badakhshan
Authors: Кабилова Бахринисо Туйчиевна 
Published: September 2022

Статья посвящена музыкальным традициям Горного Бадахшана Республики Таджикистан, где проживают таджики, сохранившие до настоящего времени древние восточноиранские языки и самобытную культуру, своими корнями, уходящую в глубокую древность. Отмечается вклад Н.Х.Нурджанова и Ф.М.Кароматова, собравших уникальный музыкальный материал Памира. Рассматриваются особенности традиционных музыкально-поэтических жанров (дехконнома, мадох, фалак, пойамал и другие), которые не только не потеряли свою значимость, но активно развиваются и пропагандируются в наши дни
The article is devoted to the musical traditions of Gorno-Badakhshan of the Republic of Tajikistan, where the Tajiks live, who have preserved the ancient East Iranian languages and original culture to the present day, with its roots dating back to ancient times. The contribution of N.Kh. Nurjanov and F.M. Karomatov, who collected the unique musical material of the Pamirs, is noted. The features of traditional musical and poetic genres (dekhkonnoma, madoh, falak, poyamal, etc.) are considered, which not only have not lost their significance, but are also actively developed and promoted today
On the guard of national cultures: about the multifaceted activities of V.V. Kitov
Authors: Лесовиченко Андрей Михайлович 
Published: September 2022

Статья посвящена деятельности видного музыканта и культуролога, внесшего большой вклад в развитие культуры Сибири и Урала, профессора В.В. Китова. Основные его достижения связаны с созданием и активной творческой работой ансамбля народной музыки “Сибирский сувенир” Восточно-Сибирского государственного института культура, а также организацией крупных международных фестивалей и конгрессов по народной музыке. Продуктивной является также его практика генеалогических исследований
The article is devoted to the activities of a prominent musician andculturologist who made a great contribution to the development of the culture of Siberia and the Urals, Professor V.V. Kitov. His main achievements are connected with the creation and active creative work of the folk music ensemble “Siberian Souvenir” The East Siberian State Institute of Culture, as well as the organization of major international festivals and congresses on folk music. His practice of genealogical research is also productive
HEARTS in the Americas appraisal checklist and clinical pathway for comprehensive hypertension management in primary care
Authors: Rosende Andres , DiPette Donald , Brettler Jeffrey , Rodríguez Gonzalo , Zuniga Eric , Connell Kenneth , Ordunez Pedro 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the Region of the Americas, and hypertension represents its main risk factor. However, population hypertension control rates in the Region are poor. Global Hearts is the World Health Organization's flagship initiative to reduce the burden of cardiovascular diseases. HEARTS in the Americas Initiative is its regional adaptation that seeks to be the cardiovascular disease risk management model, including hypertension and diabetes, in primary health care throughout the Americas by 2025.

HEARTS in the Americas is being implemented in 22 countries and over 2 095 primary care centers. All implementing countries have defined their treatment protocols, and HEARTS in the Americas has supported continuous improvement. Because WHO recently released the 2021 Guideline for the Pharmacological Treatment of Hypertension in Adults and HEARTS in the Americas introduced the key drivers for hypertension control, the initiative generated a methodology to help countries update and strengthen their treatment protocols.

This article describes the process of developing the treatment protocol appraisal checklist and defines the resulting clinical pathway. This tool can help countries and primary care centers to improve their protocols by identifying the improvement points and upgrading clinical pathways.
Chile’s public healthcare sector hypertension control rates before and during the pandemic and HEARTS implementation
Authors: Barake Francisca , Paccot Mélanie , Rivera Marcela , Neira Carolina , Reyes Viviana , Escobar María Cristina 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Hypertension (arterial blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, with the greatest burden of attributable deaths in Chile, having a national prevalence of 27.6%. In 2018, the implementation of HEARTS begun in primary health care centers of the Public Health System, with the aim of achieving increase in control rates, by raising the proportion of hypertensive individuals who meet blood pressure goals (< 140/90 mmHg for individuals 15–79 years old and of 150/90 mmHg for individuals 80 years and older), and thus contributing to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with this condition. This is a descriptive study that follows average treatment and control rates from the Public Health System between 2017–2021 obtained from health centers statistics reports during HEARTS implementation. Treatment and control rates remained at 57% and 39% respectively between 2017-2019. Between 2020 and 2021, in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, treatment and control rates decreased very significantly, reaching 46% and 26%, respectively, in December 2021, even though the number of centers reporting the implementation of HEARTS increased from 227 to 387 in this same period. Prior to the pandemic, during the last quarter of 2019, a decrease in cardiovascular health controls was already observed as a result of social protests. In light of the results, the technical pillars of the HEARTS Initiative have an important role in helping to recover the population control rates reached in 2019 and increasing the speed to achieve better hypertension control rates.
Perfil de compra de dispositivos de medición de presión arterial, Chile 2018-2020
Authors: Silva Paula , Benavides Carla , Barake Francisca , Neira Carolina , Aguilera Constanza , Hernández Hector , Rivera Marcela , Paccot Mélanie 
Published: September 2022

RESUMEN

Objetivo.

Describir los tipos de dispositivos de medición de presión arterial comercializados a través de la plataforma Mercado Público entre los años 2018 y 2020.

Métodos.

Estudio de tipo descriptivo procedente de las transacciones realizadas a través de Mercado Público en el periodo 2018 y 2020, para la adquisición de dispositivos de medición de presión arterial. Para los equipos automáticos, se buscó el estado de validación otorgado por organismos internacionales. Los resultados se presentan en frecuencias absolutas y relativas.

Resultados.

Entre los años 2018-2020, aumentó la adquisición de dispositivos automáticos de un 15% a un 75%, y se presentó una reducción del 40,9% al 7,5% en equipos mercuriales y de 38,7% al 15,8% en equipos aneroides. De los 772 dispositivos automáticos, el 52,6% contó con validación de precisión.

Conclusiones.

Considerando que Chile está comprometido con la Iniciativa HEARTS en las Américas, y que la prevención y control de la HTA es fundamental para reducir la mortalidad por enfermedades no trasmisibles, resulta crucial garantizar una medición de presión arterial precisa. El presente documento aporta información relevante respecto de las transacciones realizadas y el perfil de compra de dispositivos de medición de presión arterial a través de la plataforma Mercado Público, observándose una tendencia creciente en la obtención de equipos automáticos validados durante el periodo evaluado.
Building the health-economic case for scaling up the WHO-HEARTS hypertension control package in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Moran Andrew E. , Farrell Margaret , Cazabon Danielle , Sahoo Swagata Kumar , Mugrditchian Doris , Pidugu Anirudh , Chivardi Carlos , Walbaum Magdalena , Alemayehu Senait , Isaranuwatchai Wanrudee , Ankurawaranon Chaisiri , Choudhury Sohel R. , Pickersgill Sarah J. , Watkins David A. , Husain Muhammad Jami , Rao Krishna D. , Matsushita Kunihiro , Marklund Matti , Hutchinson Brian , Nugent Rachel , Kostova Deliana , Garg Renu 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Generally, hypertension control programs are cost-effective, including in low- and middle-income countries, but country governments and civil society are not likely to support hypertension control programs unless value is demonstrated in terms of public health benefits, budget impact, and value-for-investment for the individual country context. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) established a standard, simplified Global HEARTS approach to hypertension control, including preferred antihypertensive medicines and blood pressure measurement devices. The objective of this study is to report on health economic studies of HEARTS hypertension control package cost (especially medication costs), cost-effectiveness, and budget impact and describe mathematical models designed to translate hypertension control program data into the optimal approach to hypertension care service delivery and financing, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Early results suggest that HEARTS hypertension control interventions are either cost-saving or cost-effective, that the HEARTS package is affordable at between US$ 18-44 per person treated per year, and that antihypertensive medicines could be priced low enough to reach a global standard of an average <US$ 5 per patient per year in the public sector. This health economic evidence will make a compelling case for government ownership and financial support for national scale hypertension control programs.
Ups and downs of hypertension control in Canada: critical factors and lessons learned
Authors: Campbell Norm RC , Padwal Raj , Tsuyuki Ross T. , Leung Alexander A , Bell Alan , Kaczorowski Janusz , Tobe Sheldon W 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

As the leading risk for death, population control of increased blood pressure represents a major challenge for all countries of the Americas. In the early 1990’s, Canada had a hypertension control rate of 13%. The control rate increased to 68% in 2010, accompanied by a sharp decline in cardiovascular disease. The unprecedented improvement in hypertension control started around the year 2000 when a comprehensive program to implement annually updated hypertension treatment recommendations started. The program included a comprehensive monitoring system for hypertension control. After 2011, there was a marked decrease in emphasis on implementation and evaluation and the hypertension control rate declined, driven by a reduction in control in women from 69% to 49%. A coalition of health and scientific organizations formed in 2011 with a priority to develop advocacy positions for dietary policies to prevent and control hypertension. By 2015, the positions were adopted by most federal political parties, but implementation has been slow.

This manuscript reviews key success factors and learnings. Some key success factors included having broad representation on the program steering committee, multidisciplinary engagement with substantive primary care involvement, unbiased up to date credible recommendations, development and active adaptation of education resources based on field experience, extensive implementation of primary care resources, annual review of the program and hypertension indicators and developing and emphasizing the few interventions important for hypertension control. Learnings included the need for having strong national and provincial government engagement and support, and retaining primary care organizations and clinicians in the implementation and evaluation.
Integrating hypertension and diabetes management in primary health care settings: HEARTS as a tool
Authors: Flood David , Edwards Elizabeth W. , Giovannini David , Ridley Emily , Rosende Andres , Herman William H. , Jaffe Marc G. , DiPette Donald J. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Hypertension and diabetes are modifiable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors that contribute to nearly one-third of all deaths in the Americas Region each year (2.3 million deaths). Despite advances in the detection and clinical management of hypertension and diabetes, there are substantial gaps in their implementation globally and in the Region. The considerable overlap in risk factors, prognosis, and treatment of hypertension and diabetes creates a unique opportunity for a unified implementation model for management at the population level. This report highlights one such high-profile effort, the Pan American Health Organization’s “HEARTS in the Americas” program, based on the World Health Organization’s HEARTS Technical Package for Cardiovascular Disease Management in Primary Health Care. The HEARTS program aims to improve the implementation of preventive CVD care in primary health systems using six evidence-based, pragmatic components: Healthy-lifestyle counseling, Evidence-based protocols, Access to essential medicines and technology, Risk-based CVD management, Team-based care, and Systems for monitoring. To date, HEARTS implementation projects have focused primarily on hypertension given that it is the leading modifiable CVD risk factor and can be treated cost-effectively. The objective of this report is to describe opportunities for integration of diabetes clinical care and policy within the HEARTS hypertension framework. A substantial global burden of disease could be averted with integrated primary care management of these conditions. Thus, there is an urgency in applying lessons from HEARTS to close these implementation gaps and improve the integrated detection, treatment, and control of diabetes and hypertension.
Integrated approach for noncommunicable disease management in the Americas
Authors: Luciani Silvana , Agurto Irene , Holder Reynaldo , Caixeta Roberta , Hennis Anselm JM 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

An overview of an integrated approach to improve noncommunicable disease (NCD) management is presented, along with tools on integrating NCD management as part of health system strengthening in the Americas. The study is based on an analysis of Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) data and publicly available information on NCD care and capacity, disruptions in NCD services, and guidance on NCD management. Gaps in NCD care are highlighted, in which an estimated 43.0% of men and 28.0% of women with hypertension in Latin America remain undiagnosed; and for those with diabetes, 32.8% in Central and South America are undiagnosed. Yet, only 17/35 countries (49%) in the Americas report having evidence-based national guidelines for NCD management through a primary care approach and only 7/35 countries (20%) report provision of drug therapy, including glycaemic control for eligible persons. To improve NCD management, an integrated approach is needed to coordinate and deliver care across the levels of the health system. This includes increasing primary care capacity and competencies to address multiple chronic conditions, and integration with other complementary programs to avoid missing opportunities for NCD diagnosis and management. An integrated approach to NCD management, and implementation of available tools, should be part of rebuilding health systems after the COVID-19 pandemic.