bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Vulnerability in Chile: Challenges for multi-scale analysis and disaster risk reduction
Authors: Guerrero Nikole , Contreras Marta , Chamorro Alondra , Martínez Carolina , Echaveguren Tomás 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Socio-natural disasters have a deep impact on exposed countries; hence, management for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and the development of methods to measure social vulnerability, such as the Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI), have become crucial for better understanding and reducing pre-existing risk conditions. Still, little is known about the effects of different Spatio-temporal scales on social vulnerability. The objective of this research is to identify the factors that determine social vulnerability in Chile, the implications of using four different territorial scales, differentiating for urban/rural territory, and the implications in DRR. The research considers the SoVI method, using the national census and the socio-economic household survey to construct 25 variables at the zone/locality levels, and the use of a GIS platform. On average, eight vulnerability components are defined per model, with an average explanatory variance of 71%. Our analysis shows that social vulnerability in Chile is highly conditioned by access to basic services, low educational level, quality of housing, and income levels. Furthermore, the use of SoVI has made it possible to determine that the use of different scales is an opportunity and a tool for decision-makers that should be investigated for planning purposes and the design of DRR policies.
Elucidate the potential mechanism of Eucommiae Cortex against osteoporosis by network pharmacology and RNA-sequencing
Authors: Liu Yun , Tan Jianbin , Xie Chengliang , Huang Weiling , Lu Zhi , Lin Hong , Luo Mansi , Jiang Ying , Wang Hongxia , Wang Kexin , Yang Xingfen , Zhao Min 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Eucommiae Cortex (Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., cortex) had possessed multiple curative effect since ancient time. Nevertheless, the mechanism of EC serves as anti-osteoporotic herb remains further investigated.
Methods
Cytotoxicity assay and osteogenesis assay were adopted to filtrate the TCMs and osteoporosis model rats of was utilized to verify the anti-osteoporosis ability of EC. Network pharmacology was used to investigate the potential mechanisms of the EC against osteoporosis. The database including TCMSP, BATMAN TCM and TCMID were utilized to obtain the active compounds of EC, and their potential targets were predicted by SwissTarget-Prediction. Osteoporosis related targets were found by OMIM, DisGeNET and Gene Cards databases. The target interaction network was analyzed by STRING, GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis were carried out by DAVID database.
Results
Results of in vitro and in vivo experiments illustrated that EC showed no cytotoxicity and exhibited anti osteoporosis effect. A total number of 19 active components and 124 osteoporosis related targets of the EC were selected. KEGG pathway enrichment from bioinformatics suggested that EC prevented osteoporosis through the HIF-1 signaling pathway and estrogen signaling pathway, while results of RNA- sequencing suggesting HIF-1 signaling pathway. Moreover, genes Akt1, MAPK3 and EGFR may serve as the critical targets regulated by EC.
Conclusion
Our results showed that HIF-1 signaling pathway was vital pathway in EC against osteoporosis, with the participation of gene AkT1, MAPK3 and EGFR. Estrogen and VEGF signaling pathway were synergetic pathway of anti-osteoporosis
Toward a Model of Planetary Rotation
Authors: Levenson Barton Paul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A simple computer simulation of protoplanet growth was written with a view to explaining planetary rotation, using simplified overall planet models with iron cores and less dense mantles–silicate for terrestrial planets and solid hydrogen for giant planets. The general trend of increasing rotational kinetic energy with increasing mass was maintained (r2 0.78 versus the actual r2 0.99). Deviations from the expected results seem to correlate with relative density effects, in that gas giants (Jupiter, Saturn, β Pictoris b) fell below the expected line while ice giants (Uranus, Neptune) fell above it. This implies that improvements in the model could eventually help better understand the origin of planetary rotation periods.
Repeated Closed-Head Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Induces Robust Caspase-1 Mediated Inflammation that Contributes to Nociplastic Pain.
Authors: Nguyen Tyler , Nguyen Natalie , Cochran Ashlyn G. , Smith Jared A. , Al-Juboori Mohammed , Saxena Saahil , Talley Sarah , Campbell Edward M. , Obukhov Alexander G. , White Fletcher A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Patients who have experienced concussive mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) suffer from a number of comorbidities including chronic pain. Despite extensive studies investigating the underlining mechanisms of mTBIs-associated chronic pain, the role of inflammation after brain injury, and its contribution towards long-term pain, are still poorly understood. Given the shifting dynamics of inflammation, it is important to understand the spatial-longitudinal changes and its effects on TBI-related pain. Utilizing a recently developed transgenic caspase-1 luciferase reporter mouse, we characterized the bioluminescence signal evident in both in vivo and ex vivo tissue following repetitive closed head mTBIs. This allowed us to reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of caspase-1 activation in individual animals across time. We established that there are significant increases in bioluminescent signal upon protease cleavage in the brain, thorax, abdomen, and paws in vivo which lasted for at least one week after each injury. Enhanced inflammation also was also in ex vivo brain slice preparations following injury event that lasted for at least 3 days. Concurrent with the in vivo detection of bioluminescent signal were persistent decreases in mouse hind paw withdrawal thresholds that lasted for more than two months post-injury. Using a potent small molecule inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome-caspase 1 activity, MCC950, we observed reductions in both caspase-1 bioluminescent signal in vivo, caspase-1 p45 expression by immunoblot and increase in hind paw withdrawal thresholds. Overall, these findings suggest that neuroinflammation in the brain following repeated mTBIs is coincidental with a chronic nociplastic pain state, and repeated mTBI associated events can be ameliorated by a highly specific small molecule inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
A new model of vegetation and desertification pattern formation: coupled Lefever and Hardenberg equations
Authors: Franco Rebeca , Morales Marco A. , Rodríguez-Mora José I. , Agustín-Serrano Ricardo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This work proposes a new mathematical model for reproducing desertification and vegetation patterns. The model consists of two nonlinear partial differential equations. One of them describes the Spatio-temporal dynamic of vegetation in an analogous way to Lefever’s model, while the precipitation dynamic is given by one equation of Hardenberg’s model. The model’s equations are solved using a numerical-functional difference method for the Spatio-temporal terms. The numerical results reproduce various bi-dimensional (2D) patterns observed in water-limited regions, including stripes, spots, hollows, and labyrinths. 2D patterns with these morphologies are characterized by their Fourier spectra and quantified their dimension fractal. The numerical solutions of the model also predict transitions from bare soil at low precipitation to homogeneous vegetation at high rainfall. These results reveal an underlying mechanism for the local desertification process and the vegetation self-organization. The broad context of matter order-disorder transitions. The proposed model even reproduces the desertification patterns for local instabilities of the hydrodynamic type beyond the instability induced by diffusion.
An Enzymatic Solubilization Method to Analyze Bipyridinium Herbicide Residues in Agricultural Products
Authors: Kikukawa Koji , Koide Takara , Yagi Keisuke , Fujiyoshi Tomoharu , Kosaka Satoru , Yamamoto Ryohei , Kasai Naoya , Yamamoto Atsushi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Pesticide measurement in foods is essential for human health. In recent years, multi-residue analysis has become the mainstream method for pesticides, but because the extraction method uses medium-polarity solvents, highly polar pesticides cannot be extracted using this method. Bipyridinium is a highly polar herbicide that is highly adsorbable. Its extraction therefore requires harsh conditions, such as a high concentration of a strong acid. The aim of this study is to investigate whether diquat and paraquat, typical bipyridinium herbicides, can be completely extracted under mild conditions by enzymatically solubilizing plant cell walls. Bipyridinium herbicides are difficult to measure by LC-MS/MS because of their highly cationic property. However, by using an ultra-weak cation exchange column, we were able to measure these herbicides with a separation and sensitivity that meet EU and Japan regulations.
Catalytic Disconnection of C–O Bonds in Epoxy Resins and Composites
Authors: Skrydstrup Troels , Ahrens Alexander , Bonde Andreas , Sun Hongwei , Wittig Nina , Sommerfelt Andreas , Frølich Simon , Birkedal Henrik 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fiber-reinforced epoxy composites are well established for load bearing applications in the aerospace, automotive and wind power industries, due to their light weight and high durability. These composites are based on thermoset resins, consisting of σ bond-based linkages and aromatic backbones, embedding glass or carbon fibers1. In lieu of viable recycling strategies, end-of-use composite-based structures such as wind turbine blades are commonly landfilled1-4. Due to the negative environmental impact of plastic waste5,6, the need for circular economies of plastics has become pressing7,8. However, recycling thermoset plastics is not trivial1-4. Here, we report a transition metal catalysed protocol for recovering the base chemical bisphenol A and fibers from thermoset epoxy resins. Our approach is based on disconnecting C(alkyl)–O bonds of the most common linkages of the polymer, using a ruthenium-catalysed dehydrogenation-bond cleavage-reduction cascade. We showcase the application of this methodology to relevant unmodified amine-cured epoxy resins as well as commercial composites, including the shell of a wind turbine blade. The high quality of the recovered fibers was confirmed using X-ray micro-computed tomography. Our results demonstrate that chemical recycling approaches for thermoset epoxy resins and composites are achievable. We anticipate that this study is a starting point for developing methodologies that hold the potential for establishing a circular economy for unmodified epoxy-based materials.
Predictors of prolonged pleural effusion after Fontan operation
Authors: Çınar Betül , Atik Sezen Ugan , Gökalp Selman , Çilsal Erman , Şahin Murat , Kamalı Hacer , Onan İsmihan Selen , Yıldız Okan , Genç Serhat Bahadır , Haydin Sertaç , Baydili Kürşat Nuri , Ergül Yakup , Güzeltaş Alper 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Prolonged pleural effusion (PPE) is a fairly common condition which has considerable impact on complicated and longer hospital stays in the process of adaptation to new physiology after Fontan surgery. Identifying the patient population which is prone to have pleural effusions is still seeking for an answer. The purpose of this study is to determine the variables that may predict PPE according to the data of 69 patients who underwent Fontan operation between June 2018 -December 2020 and survived to date. Prolonged pleural effusion was defined as the need for a chest tube for more than 7 days. Two patient groups (with prolonged effusion: PPE group and without prolonged effusion: Non-PPE) were compared in terms of pre, peri and postoperative variables. Moreover, the patients were subdivided into "high risk" and "low risk" groups ( high risk is defined by either of : PVR/SVR ratio> 0.3, mPAP>15 mmHg , VEDP >12 mmHg , TPG>10 mmHg, RPA or LPA Z-score <-2.00) based on the preoperative catheterization data. The most frequent main diagnosis was tricuspid atresia (n: 13, 19%). Among 69 patients, 28 (40%) had PPE whereas 11 (16%) had effusion that lasted longer than 14 days. Ten patients among PPE group (35%) had pulmonary atresia coexistent with the main diagnosis. Fontan operation was performed in 6 patients (8.7%) over the age of 10, and 4 of these patients (67%) had PPE, while in 2 patients PPE lasted longer than 14 days. The most common angiographically obtained "high risk" factor was elevated mPAP (4 patients-14%) in PPE group, and in 2 patients, both of whom had more than one risk factor, effusion lasted longer than 14 days. [Among numerous variables, statistical significance between two groups was achieved in preoperative mPAP; postoperative albumin, C reactive protein (CRP) levels, lenght of hospital stay, duration of chest tube drainage and amount of effusion per day]. As PPE increases the duration of hospital stay after Fontan operation, early recognition and treatment strategies with routinely used medical protocols remain to be the cornerstone for management of postoperative effusions.
The Dynamics of Financial Toxicity in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Fiala Mark A. , Silberstein Alice E. , Schroeder Mark A. , Stockerl-Goldstein Keith E. , Vij Ravi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
People with multiple myeloma may be more susceptible to financial toxicity and its sequelae than other cancer types due to the high cost of treatment and its onset occurring typically late in life. However, little data exist regarding financial toxicity among people with myeloma. In this study, a cohort of 135 patients were recruited from an ongoing observational trial to complete the Comprehensive Score for financial Toxicity (COST). Participants were sent follow-up surveys at 3, 6, and 12 months. The median age was 68 years; the majority were Caucasian (88%), male (63%), held a college degree (61%), and had left the workforce (70%). The median time from myeloma diagnosis was 28 months. The median COST score was 27; 48% of participants had a score below 27 and considered to have higher levels of financial toxicity. The only characteristic associated with financial toxicity was a college degree. After controlling for other covariates, those with a college education were 69% less likely to have higher financial toxicity. Of the 108 participants who completed a follow-up survey, 34% had their financial toxicity status reclassified at a subsequent time point. Reclassification from lower to higher financial toxicity was more common than the reverse. Because financial toxicity is a dynamic process, which patients are experiencing it at any given time is difficult to predict. Moving the research agenda from prediction to improved detection and intervention is likely warranted.
The incidence of COVID-19: a geographical analysis of 7676 Brazilian CrossFit participants
Authors: Zecchin Arthur , Domiciano Rafael Augusto Mendes , Pisa Marcel Frezza , Puggina Enrico Fuini 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to investigate in the CrossFit population the incidence of COVID-19 hospitalization, the proportional relationship between Brazilian region and motivation, the proportional relationship between age and COVID-19 positive diagnosis, the proportional relationship between COVID-19 positive diagnosis and training experience, the proportional relationship between COVID-19 positive diagnoses and training frequency, and finally proportional relationship between genre and COVID-19 positive diagnose and genre.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 7676 CrossFit subjects. Subjects were asked about their age, genre, demographic region resident, training experience, weekly practice training, motivation to training, COVID-19 contamination (y/n), hospitalization due to COVID-19, days hospitalized by COVID-19, and treatment used against COVID-19.
Results
The positive COVID-19 index was 26.1% (1997 cases). Only 0.3% of the CrossFit subjects were hospitalized. The North demographic region was less motivated to train CrossFit than the South region. We did not find significance for COVID-19 contamination and genre, training frequency, training experience, and age.
Conclusions
We concluded that CrossFit subjects were low exposed to being hospitalized due to COVID-19. They were low motivated, and the North regions were less motivated to train CrossFit than the South region. This study strengthens the evidence of physical exercise as a part of the protection against COVID-19 hospitalization. Exercise coaches should rethink how to insert CrossFit training into lockdown periods to maintain its participants' highly motivated training.
Complementary molecular tests: diagnosis of megaesophagus with conventional nonreactive or inconclusive serology for Chagas disease
Authors: Batista Angelica Martins , Pavan Tycha Bianca Sabaini , de Almeida Eros Antônio , Andrade Paula Durante , Martins Luiz Cláudio , Wanderley Jamiro Silva , Costa Sandra Cecília Botelho 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: The current laboratory diagnosis of chronic Chagas disease (CD) relies on two serological tests based on distinct principles (ELISA, HAI, or IFI), which may yield false-positive and false-negative results. Blood culture (BC) can also be used as a diagnostic method, but its sensitivity in the chronic phase is limited. To assist in the outcome of a possible diagnosis of CD in cases of adult patients in which serological methods have conflicting or inconclusive results, both conventional and quantitative molecular methods have been used, especially the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of qualitative and quantitative molecular methods for diagnostic purposes in patients with megaesophagus and nonreactive or inconclusive conventional serology for CD.Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 26 participants with negative or inconclusive conventional serology for CD and 33 participants with positive serology who were treated at a referral center from 2010–2011. Peripheral blood samples were collected intravenously at the same time for serological (ELISA and IFI), BC and molecular tests such as qualitative PCR, targeting the Sat-DNA and kDNA of T. cruzi and quantitative PCR (qPCR).Results: For the BC method, the results were negative in all cases in Group I and positive in five cases (21.73%) in Group II, with no statistically significant difference between the groups. For the molecular methods, positivity in relation to the kDNA target was 45.83% for Group I and 33.33% in Group II; for the Sat-DNA target, it was 76.29% in Group I and 63.63% in Group II, with a significant difference.Conclusion: Molecular tests can be used in nonreactive or inconclusive serological results and can be useful to confirm Chagas disease in cases of megaesophagus and nonreactive or inconclusive conventional serology for CD.
A Retrospective Analysis of CPR effectiveness in confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients
Authors: Stepanek Kevin , Hatahet Mohamad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The idea for this study is to investigate if patients with COVID-19 had worse cardiac arrest outcomes as compared to patients without COVID-19.
Objectives
Our goal is to compare cardiac arrest outcomes in the context of individual patient variables such as COVID-19 results, age, and comorbid condition. We hypothesize worse prognosis for COVID-19 patients, and this may be beneficial in discussions about prognosis and to help providers establish goals of care.
Methods
A retrospective review was conducted of 9,522 patients admitted between March 2020 and November 2021. Data collected included age, sex, COVID-19 PCR result, length of stay, CODE BLUE (cardiac arrest), result of code and hospitalization, and specific cardiac indices such as ejection fraction and cardiac biomarkers.
Results
This study found 3,392 patients (35.6%) were COVID-19 positive/suspected. There was a higher incidence of CODE BLUE (p = 0.01) in the COVID-19 positive / suspected group. There was a higher incidence of patient expiration in the COVID-19 positive / suspected group (p = 0.01). There was a significant association with expiration after CODE BLUE in COVID-19 positive/suspected patients. Patients with an elevated troponin or BNP had more cardiac arrests and worse post-arrest outcomes, regardless of COVID-19 result. There was no difference in Ejection Fraction and outcomes, regardless of COVID-19 result.
Conclusions
This study found a significantly higher incidence of cardiac arrest in patients with confirmed/suspected COVID-19. The post-arrest outcomes were also worse for COVID-19 positive/suspected patients. Elevated cardiac biomarkers correlate with more cardiac arrest and worse outcomes overall.
Clinical application of double-capsule fecal catheter device in ICU patients with fecal incontinence: a single-center retrospective study across five years
Authors: Chen Shujuan , Liu Yanquan , Zhu Hongquan , Lin Jie , Li Zuotao , Liu Xin , Xie Jiangbo , Xu Qinglin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: To explore the clinical effect and potential value of double-capsule fecal catheter device in patients with fecal incontinence in intensive care unit (ICU).Methods: The double-capsule fecal catheter device in this study has been granted a utility model patent by the State Intellectual Property Office of the People’s Republic of China (Patent grant number: ZL201520691458.6) before its implementation. Design patents have been transformed into physical medical supplies and used in clinical and nursing practice. A total of 62 patients with fecal incontinence who were admitted to the ICU of the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University from May 2017 to May 2022 were selected and randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group, with 32 cases in the experimental group and 30 cases in the control group. The experimental group was given a double-capsule fecal catheter device, and the control group was given an ordinary fecal catheter device for drainage. The catheter prolapse rate, catheter obstruction rate, stool leakage rate and prognostic value were compared between the two groups.Results: The catheter prolapse rate, catheter obstruction rate, and stool leakage rate in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01), and the length of hospital stay and prognostic indicators were better than those in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion: The use of the newly developed double-capsule fecal catheter device can reduce the rate of catheter prolapse, catheter obstruction, and stool leakage in patients with fecal incontinence in the ICU. Correspondingly, patients with fecal incontinence who used the double-capsule fecal catheter device had shorter ICU days than those who did not, and it improved relevant prognostic indicators during the patient's hospitalization. It has good clinical practicability and popularity for fecal incontinence patients, and is worthy of use and promotion.