bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social behavior in RASopathies and idiopathic autism
Authors: Foy Allison M. H. , Hudock Rebekah L. , Shanley Ryan , Pierpont Elizabeth I. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
RASopathies are genetic syndromes that result from pathogenic variants in the RAS-MAPK cellular signaling pathway. These syndromes, which include neurofibromatosis type 1, Noonan syndrome, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, and Costello syndrome, are associated with a complex array of medical and behavioral health complications. Despite a heightened risk for social challenges and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), few studies have compared different aspects of social behavior across these conditions. It is also unknown whether the underlying neuropsychological characteristics that contribute to social competence and socially empathetic (“prosocial”) behaviors differ in children with RASopathies as compared to children with nonsyndromic (i.e., idiopathic) ASD.

Methods
In this cross-sectional, survey-based investigation, caregivers of preschool and school-aged children with RASopathies (n = 202) or with idiopathic ASD (n = 109) provided demographic, medical, and developmental information about their child, including psychiatric comorbidities. For children who were able to communicate verbally, caregivers also completed standardized rating scales to assess social competence and empathetic behavior as well as symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention and emotional problems.

Results
As compared to children with idiopathic ASD, children with RASopathies were rated as demonstrating more resilience in the domain of empathy relative to their overall social competence. Similarities and differences emerged in the psychological factors that predicted social behavior in these two groups. Stronger communication skills and fewer hyperactive-impulsive behaviors were associated with increased empathy and social competence for both groups. Greater emotional challenges were associated with lower social competence for children with RASopathies and stronger empathy for children with idiopathic ASD. Among children with RASopathy and a co-occurring ASD diagnosis, socially empathetic behaviors were observed more often as compared to children with idiopathic ASD.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that the development of social behavior among children with RASopathies involves a distinct pattern of strengths and weaknesses as compared to a behaviorally defined disorder (idiopathic ASD). Identification of areas of resilience as well as behavioral and social challenges will support more targeted intervention.
Knowledge graph analytics platform with LINCS and IDG for Parkinson's disease target illumination
Authors: Yang Jeremy J. , Gessner Christopher R. , Duerksen Joel L. , Biber Daniel , Binder Jessica L. , Ozturk Murat , Foote Brian , McEntire Robin , Stirling Kyle , Ding Ying , Wild David J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundLINCS, "Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures", and IDG, "Illuminating the Druggable Genome", are both NIH projects and consortia that have generated rich datasets for the study of the molecular basis of human health and disease. LINCS L1000 expression signatures provide unbiased systems/omics experimental evidence. IDG provides compiled and curated knowledge for illumination and prioritization of novel drug target hypotheses. Together, these resources can support a powerful new approach to identifying novel drug targets for complex diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), which continues to inflict severe harm on human health, and resist traditional research approaches.ResultsIntegrating LINCS and IDG, we built the Knowledge Graph Analytics Platform (KGAP) to support an important use case: identification and prioritization of drug target hypotheses for associated diseases. The KGAP approach includes strong semantics interpretable by domain scientists and a robust, high performance implementation of a graph database and related analytical methods. Illustrating the value of our approach, we investigated results from queries relevant to PD. Approved PD drug indications from IDG’s resource DrugCentral were used as starting points for evidence paths exploring chemogenomic space via LINCS expression signatures for associated genes, evaluated as target hypotheses by integration with IDG. The KG-analytic scoring function was validated against a gold standard dataset of genes associated with PD as elucidated, published mechanism-of-action drug targets, also from DrugCentral. IDG's resource TIN-X was used to rank and filter KGAP results for novel PD targets, and one, SYNGR3 (Synaptogyrin-3), was manually investigated further as a case study and plausible new drug target for PD.ConclusionsThe synergy of LINCS and IDG, via KG methods, empowers graph analytics methods for the investigation of the molecular basis of complex diseases, and specifically for identification and prioritization of novel drug targets. The KGAP approach enables downstream applications via integration with resources similarly aligned with modern KG methodology. The generality of the approach indicates that KGAP is applicable to many disease areas, in addition to PD, the focus of this paper.
The synergistic effect of minocycline and azole antifungal drugs against Scedosporium and Lomentospora species
Authors: Yang Fang , Sun Yi , Lu Qiaoyun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
This study was aimed to determine the potency of Minocycline (MIN) and azoles, including itraconazole (ITR), voriconazole (VOR) and posaconazole (POS) against Scedosporium and Lomentospora species.

Results
This study revealed that MIN exhibited no significant antifungal activity against any of the tested strains, whereas in vitro combination of MIN with ITR, VOR or POS showed satisfactory synergistic effects against 8 (80%), 1 (10%), and 9 (90%) strains, respectively. Moreover, combined use of MIN with azoles decreased the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range from 5.33–16 μg/ml to 1–16 μg/ml for ITR, from 0.42–16 μg/ml to 0.21–16 μg/ml for VOR, and from 1.33–16 μg/ml to 0.33–16 μg/ml for POS. Meanwhile, no antagonistic interactions were observed between the above combinations. The G. mellonella infection model demonstrated the in vivo synergistic antifungal effect of MIN and azoles.

Conclusions
The present study demonstrated that combinations between MIN and azoles lead to synergistic antimicrobial effects on Scedosporium and Lomentospora species, while showing a potential for overcoming and preventing azole resistance.
The utility of SYNTAX score predictability by electrocardiogram parameters in patients with unstable angina
Authors: Hatamnejad Mohammad Reza , Heydari Amir Arsalan , Salimi Maryam , Jahangiri Soodeh , Bazrafshan Mehdi , Bazrafshan Hamed 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
SYNTAX score is one of the risk assessment systems to predict cardiac events in acute coronary syndrome patients. Despite the large number of SYNTAX score benefits, invasive methods such as coronary angiography are necessary to perform the scoring. We hypothesized that ECG parameters could predict the SYNTAX score in unstable angina patients.

Methods
During the retrospective cohort study, a total number of 876 patients were diagnosed with unstable angina. After applying the exclusion criteria, 600 patients were divided into tertiles based on the SYNTAX scores as low (0–22), intermediate (23–32), and high (≥ 33). The association between ECG parameters and SYNTAX score was investigated.

Results
The study included 65% men and 35% women with a mean age of 62.4 ± 9.97 years. The delayed transition zone of QRS complex, ST-depression in inferior-lateral territories or/and in all three territories, and T-wave inversion in lateral territory were significant (p < 0.05) independent predictors of intermediate SYNTAX score. High SYNTAX score was predicted by the presence of prolonged P wave duration, ST-depression in lateral territory or/and anterior-lateral territories, ST-elevation in aVR–III leads or/and aVR–III–V1 leads. Among those, all three territories ST-depression (AUC: 0.611, sensitivity: 75%, specificity: 51%) and aVR + III ST-elevation (AUC: 0.672, sensitivity: 50.12%, specificity: 80.50%) were the most accurate parameters to predict intermediate and high SYNTAX scores, respectively.

Conclusion
The present study demonstrates that accompanying the STE in the right side leads (aVR, III, V1) with ST-depression in other leads indicates the patients with high SYNTAX score; meanwhile, diffuse ST-depression without ST-elevation is a marker for intermediate SYNTAX score in unstable angina patients and can be applied for early risk stratification and intervention.
Assessing and disclosing test results for ‘mild cognitive impairment’: the perspective of old age psychiatrists in Scotland
Authors: Saunders Stina , Ritchie Craig W. , Russ Tom C. , Muniz-Terrera Graciela , Milne Richard 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a condition that exists between normal healthy ageing and dementia with an uncertain aetiology and prognosis. This uncertainty creates a complex dynamic between the clinicians’ conception of MCI, what is communicated to the individual about their condition, and how the individual responds to the information conveyed to them. The aim of this study was to explore clinicians’ views around the assessment and communication of MCI in memory clinics.

Method
As part of a larger longitudinal study looking at patients’ adjustment to MCI disclosure, we interviewed Old Age Psychiatrists at the five participating sites across Scotland. The study obtained ethics approvals and the interviews (carried out between Nov 2020–Jan 2021) followed a semi-structured schedule focusing on [1] how likely clinicians are to use the term MCI with patients; [2] what tests clinicians rely on and how much utility they see in them; and [3] how clinicians communicate risk of progression to dementia. The interviews were voice recorded and were analysed using reflective thematic analysis.

Results
Initial results show that most clinicians interviewed (Total N = 19) considered MCI to have significant limitations as a diagnostic term. Nevertheless, most clinicians reported using the term MCI (n = 15/19). Clinical history was commonly described as the primary aid in the diagnostic process and also to rule out functional impairment (which was sometimes corroborated by Occupational Therapy assessment). All clinicians reported using the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III as a primary assessment tool. Neuroimaging was frequently found to have minimal usefulness due to the neuroradiological reports being non-specific.

Conclusion
Our study revealed a mixture of approaches to assessing and disclosing test results for MCI. Some clinicians consider the condition as a separate entity among neurodegenerative disorders whereas others find the term unhelpful due to its uncertain prognosis. Clinicians report a lack of specific and sensitive assessment methods for identifying the aetiology of MCI in clinical practice. Our study demonstrates a broad range of views and therefore variability in MCI risk disclosure in memory assessment services which may impact the management of individuals with MCI.
A machine learning-based system for detecting leishmaniasis in microscopic images
Authors: Zare Mojtaba , Akbarialiabad Hossein , Parsaei Hossein , Asgari Qasem , Alinejad Ali , Bahreini Mohammad Saleh , Hosseini Seyed Hossein , Ghofrani-Jahromi Mohsen , Shahriarirad Reza , Amirmoezzi Yalda , Shahriarirad Sepehr , Zeighami Ali , Abdollahifard Gholamreza 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Leishmaniasis, a disease caused by a protozoan, causes numerous deaths in humans each year. After malaria, leishmaniasis is known to be the deadliest parasitic disease globally. Direct visual detection of leishmania parasite through microscopy is the frequent method for diagnosis of this disease. However, this method is time-consuming and subject to errors. This study was aimed to develop an artificial intelligence-based algorithm for automatic diagnosis of leishmaniasis.

Methods
We used the Viola-Jones algorithm to develop a leishmania parasite detection system. The algorithm includes three procedures: feature extraction, integral image creation, and classification. Haar-like features are used as features. An integral image was used to represent an abstract of the image that significantly speeds up the algorithm. The adaBoost technique was used to select the discriminate features and to train the classifier.

Results
A 65% recall and 50% precision was concluded in the detection of macrophages infected with the leishmania parasite. Also, these numbers were 52% and 71%, respectively, related to amastigotes outside of macrophages.

Conclusion
The developed system is accurate, fast, easy to use, and cost-effective. Therefore, artificial intelligence might be used as an alternative for the current leishmanial diagnosis methods.
A systematic review on papers that study on Single Nucleotide Polymorphism that affects coronavirus 2019 severity
Authors: Suh Siyeon , Lee Sol , Gym Ho , Yoon Sanghyuk , Park Seunghwan , Cha Jihi , Kwon Do-Hyung , Yang YunSu , Jee Sun Ha 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 has become the most threatening issue to all populations around the world. It is, directly and indirectly, affecting all of us and thus, is an emerging topic dealt in global health. To avoid the infection, various studies have been done and are still ongoing. COVID-19 cases are reported all over the globe, and among the millions of cases, genetic similarity may be seen. The genetical common features seen within confirmed cases may help outline the tendency of infection and degree severity of the disease. Here, we reviewed multiple papers on SNPs related to SARS-CoV-2 infection and analyzed their results.

Methods
The PubMed databases were searched for papers discussing SNPs associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity. Clinical studies with human patients and statistically showing the relevance of the SNP with virus infection were included. Quality Assessment of all papers was done with Newcastle Ottawa Scale.

Results
In the analysis, 21 full-text literature out of 2956 screened titles and abstracts, including 63,496 cases, were included. All were human-based clinical studies, some based on certain regions gathered patient data and some based on big databases obtained online. ACE2, TMPRSS2, and IFITM3 are the genes mentioned most frequently that are related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. 20 out of 21 studies mentioned one or more of those genes. The relevant genes according to SNPs were also analyzed. rs12252-C, rs143936283, rs2285666, rs41303171, and rs35803318 are the SNPs that were mentioned at least twice in two different studies.

Conclusions
We found that ACE2, TMPRSS2, and IFITM3 are the major genes that are involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The mentioned SNPs were all related to one or more of the above-mentioned genes. There were discussions on certain SNPs that increased the infection and severity to certain groups more than the others. However, as there is limited follow-up and data due to a shortage of time history of the disease, studies may be limited.
Self-relabeling for noise-tolerant retina vessel segmentation through label reliability estimation
Authors: Li Jiacheng , Li Ruirui , Han Ruize , Wang Song 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Retinal vessel segmentation benefits significantly from deep learning. Its performance relies on sufficient training images with accurate ground-truth segmentation, which are usually manually annotated in the form of binary pixel-wise label maps. Manually annotated ground-truth label maps, more or less, contain errors for part of the pixels. Due to the thin structure of retina vessels, such errors are more frequent and serious in manual annotations, which negatively affect deep learning performance.

Methods
In this paper, we develop a new method to automatically and iteratively identify and correct such noisy segmentation labels in the process of network training. We consider historical predicted label maps of network-in-training from different epochs and jointly use them to self-supervise the predicted labels during training and dynamically correct the supervised labels with noises.

Results
We conducted experiments on the three datasets of DRIVE, STARE and CHASE-DB1 with synthetic noises, pseudo-labeled noises, and manually labeled noises. For synthetic noise, the proposed method corrects the original noisy label maps to a more accurate label map by 4.0–$$9.8\%$$

9.8
%

on $$F_1$$

F
1

and 10.7–$$16.8\%$$

16.8
%

on PR on three testing datasets. For the other two types of noise, the method could also improve the label map quality.

Conclusions
Experiment results verified that the proposed method could achieve better retinal image segmentation performance than many existing methods by simultaneously correcting the noise in the initial label map.
Nudging and boosting children’s restaurant menus for healthier food choice: a blinded quasi-randomized controlled trial in a real life setting
Authors: Schneider Sven , Markovinovic Jessica , Mata Jutta 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Restaurants are ideal settings for implementing food interventions targeted at children. Studies with adults suggest that changes to the physical menu can lead to healthier food choices; online studies with parents indicate that specific menu designs facilitate healthier choices. However, it is unknown whether applying well-established nudging and boosting methods to children’s menus also increases their choice of healthier meals in a real-world restaurant setting.

Methods
The effects of two versions of a restaurant menu on the frequency of choosing a healthy meal (newly created, healthy target dish) were tested in a blinded quasi-randomized controlled trial. The menu in the control condition contained all dishes (including the healthy target dish) in a standardized format. The intervention menu included nudging (e.g. comic character, fun attractive name for the dish) and boosting elements (e.g. information on low calorie density) next to the healthy target dish. Over five months, the control and intervention menus were switched every two weeks and records were made of how often the healthy target dish was ordered.

Results
In total, 607 orders were made from the children’s restaurant menu (57% from the intervention menu). During the intervention phase, 4.2% of all ordered dishes from the children’s menu were the healthy target dish, during the control phase, 4.4% of orders were for the target dish (p=.896).

Conclusions
Contrary to our hypothesis, a modified children’s menu did not lead to a significant increase in the number of orders for a healthy dish compared with a neutral control menu. Importantly, given that parents and children often choose the child’s dish together, particularly boosting methods that focus on social processes and joint decision making could be promising to increase children’s frequency of healthy food choices in restaurants.

Trial registration
DRKS00027039, registered on 11/22/2021, (Retrospectively registered).
Pulmonary involvement of ANCA-associated vasculitis in adult Chinese patients
Authors: Zhou Peining , Li Zhiying , Gao Li , Que Chengli , Li Haichao , Ma Jing , Wang Guangfa , Chen Min 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to clarify the clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) patients with pulmonary involvement from a single Chinese cohort.MethodsNewly diagnosed AAV patients with pulmonary involvement, as defined by CT, were recruited from January 2010 to June 2020. Clinical data and CT images were collected retrospectively. Baseline CTs were evaluated and re-classified into four categories: interstitial lung disease (ILD), airway involvement (AI), alveolar hemorrhage (AH), and pulmonary granuloma (PG).ResultsA total of 719 patients were newly diagnosed with AAV, 366 (50.9%) of whom combined with pulmonary involvement at baseline. Among the AAV cases with pulmonary involvement, 55.7% (204/366) had ILD, 16.7% (61/366) had AI alone, 14.8% (54/366) had PG, and 12.8% (47/366) had AH alone. During follow-up of a median duration of 42.0 months, 66/366 (18.0%) patients died, mainly died from infections. Survival, relapse, and infection were all significantly different based on the radiological features. Specifically, the ILD group tends to have a poor long-term prognosis, the PG group is prone to relapse, and the AI group is apt to infection. The AH group has a high risk of both early infection and relapse, thus a poor short-term prognosis.ConclusionAAV patients with diverse radiological features have different clinical characteristics and outcomes. Therefore, the intensity of immunosuppressive therapy must be carefully valued by considering the baseline CT findings among AAV patients with pulmonary involvement.
Trends of central obesity and associations with nutrients intake and daily behaviors among women of childbearing age in China
Authors: Long Zichong , Huang Lili , Lyu Jiajun , Xia Yuanqing , Chen Yiting , Li Rong , Wang Yanlin , Li Shenghui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundObesity among women of childbearing age has becoming an important public health concern. We aimed to describe the trends of central obesity among Chinese women of childbearing age from 2004 to 2011 and to examine its associations with nutrients intake and daily behaviors.MethodsLongitudinal data were derived from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Participants consisted of 2481 women aged 15–44 years old. WC (Waist circumference) and WHtR (Waist to height ratio) were adopted as indicators of central obesity. Generalized linear mixed model was performed to analyze the associations of nutrients intake and daily behaviors with central obesity.ResultsFrom 2004 to 2011, the prevalence of central obesity among Chinese women of childbearing age increased from 21.6 to 30.7% (WC as indice) or from 22.8 to 32.6% (WHtR as indice) (bothp < 0.001). Protein intake above the AMDR (Acceptable macronutrient distribution range) (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.05–1.39,p < 0.01) and non-participation in LTPA (Leisure time physical activity) (OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.17–1.80,p < 0.001) were risk factors for high WC, and the latter was also associated with high WHtR (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.10–1.67,p < 0.01). For those women who had high WC & high WHtR, the impacts of protein intake and LTPA became stronger, especial LTPA (OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.21–1.94,p < 0.001). Age-stratified analyses found that non-participation in LTPA was key factor for central obesity in 15–34 age group, while protein intake above the AMDR was pronounced in the 35–44 age group.ConclusionsNon-participation in LTPA and protein intake above the AMDR were significant contributors of central obesity, which could be intervention targets to deal with the growing trend of central obesity among women of childbearing age.