bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN, PENGEMBANGAN KARIR DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT.PERKASA INTERNUSA MANDIRI MEDAN
Authors: Sembiring Fransiska , Sitanggang Darna 
Published: September 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of leadership style, career development and job satisfaction on employee performance at PT. Perkasa Internusa Mandiri Medan. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires to 67 respondents. From the results of the study obtained multiple regression equations as follows: Y = 2,919+ 0,322X1 + 0,396X2+ 0,445X3 + . All regression coefficients are positive, meaning that all independent variables, namely leadership style, career development and job satisfaction, have a positive effect on the dependent variable, namely employee performance. Of the three independent variables, job satisfaction has a greater influence on employee performance because it has the largest regression coefficient of 0.445. Based on partial hypothesis testing, leadership style, career development and job satisfaction have a significant effect on employee performance where the significance value of each variable is smaller than alpha (0.05). Based on simultaneous hypothesis testing, the three independent variables, namely leadership style, career development and job satisfaction have a significant effect on the dependent variable, namely employee performance. This can be seen from the significance value of 0.000 < alpha (0.05). The coefficient of determination (R Square) of 0.766 means that employee performance can be explained by leadership style, career development and job satisfaction of 76.6% while the remaining 23.4% is explained by other variables not explained in this study such as motivation, communication and competence.
From the results of research and discussion, PT. Perkasa Internusa Mandiri Medan should develop and maintain indicators of leadership style, career development and job satisfaction on employee performance at PT. Perkasa Internusa Mandiri Medan.
PENGARUH KUALITAS JASA TERHADAP KEPUASAN ANGGOTA KOPERASI SIMPAN PINJAM KARYA MURNI MEDAN
Authors: Saragih Nawary 
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of quality on the satisfaction of members of the Karya Murni Savings and Loans Cooperative Medan. The type of research used is descriptive and quantitative. The research sample was 96 respondents with the maximum sampling error sampling method from the population carried out randomly. The required data was collected through a questionnaire. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the trend of the number of cooperative members, the remaining operating results and the total assets of the cooperative decreased, this happened because of the dissatisfaction of the members in terms of the loan interest rates offered were higher than other savings and loan cooperatives, the length of time span between the application and loan disbursement ( checking files, guarantees, checking guarantees) while the need for funds is urgent, there are many administrative costs (fee to become a member, notary deed fees, fees if members borrow, loan administration fees and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic that makes members' businesses stand still and unable to do so). paying dues obligations and loan installments this makes members leave the cooperative.
Based on the F-test, with a significant level of 0.000 F-table which is 2.58, meaning that service quality simultaneously has a positive and significant effect on member satisfaction. The results of the t-test, that the tangibles variable, has a positive effect on the satisfaction of the members of the cooperative, but it is not significant on the satisfaction of the members of the cooperative. While empathy has a negative effect on the satisfaction of the members of the cooperative, but it is significant on the satisfaction of the members of the cooperative. Seeing the weakness of the t-test of the tangible and empathy variables, it is suggested that the management of the cooperative needs to review it by providing a uniqueness that is different from other competitors so that members can enjoy the results that are felt to exceed expectations, so that members will be very satisfied and remain loyal to the services offered. by members of the Karya Murni Savings and Loans Cooperative Medan
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA DENGAN PENDEKATAN THEORY PLANNED OF BEHAVIOUR
Authors: Sitompul Pandapotan , Silalahi Esli , Ritonga Sinar 
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze what are the dominant factors that influence student interest in entrepreneurship. The population of this research is all students of the management study program of the Faculty of Economics, Santo Thomas Catholic University who have taken entrepreneurship courses. The sample is 100 students, the method of collecting data is through questionnaires and documentation, the variables studied are about the factors that influence student interest in entrepreneurship, analysis techniques with factor analysis. The results show that, of the 20 factors that influence student interest in entrepreneurship, the most dominant are: The first factor consists of: Leadership, Friends support which is considered important, Friends support, Realistic thinking, Family support and high commitment, Second factor consists of : Have a confident attitude, Foresight, Support business partners, Creative Innovative, Cooperate with business partners and Have experience. The third factor consists of: being disciplined, encouraging parents and being interested in business opportunities. The fourth factor consists of: Courage to face risks. The fifth factor consists of: reliable expertise, perceived ease and careful planning. The sixth factor consists of: Independence. It is better for students during the lecture process to innovate to do a simple type of business as an entrepreneurship learning material. Parents support and motivate their children to become entrepreneurs, because parents have a very strong role in forming entrepreneurial interests. There needs to be an improvement for the campus in providing understanding and training to students so that their entrepreneurial interest is increasingly formed so that after completing their studies their entrepreneurial spirit will be awakened.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. SINAR BINTANG MANDIRI MEDAN
Authors: Silalahi Magdalena , Sitanggang Darna , Sihombing Sarimonang 
Published: September 2022

PT Sinar Bintang Mandiri is a company engaged in the procurement of goods, and mechanical and electrical services serving medium and large companies, both private and government. This study discusses improving employee performance which is influenced by various factors. Factors that affect performance are stress level, compensation system, job design, effectiveness and efficiency, initiative, ability and expertise, knowledge, personality, work motivation, job satisfaction, work environment, leadership style, organizational culture, commitment, and work discipline. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that affect employee performance at PT. Sinar Bintang Mandiri Medan. The population in this study were employees of PT. Sinar Bintang Mandiri Medan, which is in the field of providing services for technicians and mechanical helpers, totaling 75 people. This study uses primary data by distributing questionnaires. The sample used in this study were all employees of PT. Sinar Bintang Mandiri Medan for technicians and mechanical helpers. The analysis technique used is factor analysis. The analysis was carried out using the SPSS version 22 program. From the 15 variables formed 5 factors that affect the performance of employees at PT. Sinar Bintang Mandiri Medan. The results of this study indicate that the dominant factor affecting the performance of employees at PT. Sinar Bintang Mandiri Medan is a job design factor that has a correlation value of 0.768, the ability and expertise factor has a correlation value of (0.816), the personality factor has a correlation value (0.821), job satisfaction has a correlation value (0.805), organizational culture has a correlation value (0.816).
Pemberian Motivasi dan Pelatihan Operasi Hitung Aritmetika Sosial di Panti Asuhan Gratia Children Medan
Authors: Tampubolon Kennedi , Sianturi Chandra Frenki , Hutabarat Sumiati 
Published: September 2022

Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat merupakan salah satu unsur Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi yang wajib dilaksanakan oleh setiap dosen profesional. Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilaksanakan di Panti Asuhan Gratia Children Medan dalam rangka meningkatkan motivasi anak-anak Panti Asuhan dalam pelatihan operasi hitung Aritmetika Sosial. Hal ini dilakukan karena dari hasil observasi terhadap anak-anak diperoleh data yakni motivasi diri yang rendah serta kurangnya pengetahuan ilmu berhitung khususnya Aritmetika Sosial. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi masalah di atas adalah semangat dan minat belajar yang rendah, hal ini mungkin berkaitan dengan latar belakang si anak sebelumnya tidak terurus dengan baik, ditelantarkan orang tua, keluarga berantakan atau tidak harmonis, bahkan ada yang telah kehilangan ke dua orang tua atau yatim piatu. Fakta di lapangan menunjukkan anak-anak Panti Asuhan sering luput dari perhatian Program Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat. Untuk itulah tim pelaksana pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini merasa terpanggil untuk memberi sumbangsih dalam membimbing dan mendidik anak-anak Panti Asuhan Gratia Children Medan dalam mengatasi masalah yang ada, sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan Motivasi belajar dan bangkit dari keterpurukan semangat serta mampu menerapkan Ilmu Aritmetika Sosial untuk memecahkan persoalan sederhana yang sering dihadapi dalam kehidupannya sehari-hari
Pembekalan Ilmu Geometri tentang Ragam dan Bentuk Bangun-Bangun Datar dan Ruang kepada Anak-Anak Asuh di Panti Asuhan Talenta Delpita Medan
Authors: Tampubolon Kennedi , Sianturi Chandra Frenki , Tarigan Pilipus 
Published: September 2022

Salah satu tugas penting yang wajib di lakukan oleh seorang dosen propesional adalah Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM). PKM merupakan salah satu unsur Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi yang berisi: Pengajaran, Penelitian dan Pengabdian. Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini dilaksanakan di Panti Asuhan Talenta Delpita Medan dalam rangka meninggkatkan motivasi diri dan pengetahuan anak-anak asuh dalam bidang Ilmu Geometri khususnya tentang Ragam dan Bentuk-bentuk Bangun Datar dan Bangun Ruang. Fakta di lapangan menunjukkan kurangnya semangat atau motivasi anak-anak dalam belajar dan rendahnya pengetahuan tentang pemahaman Ilmu Geometri yang berkaitan dengan kehidupan sehari-hari. Menurut Pimpinan Panti Asuhan, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi masalah diatas tidak terlepas dari perasaan trauma karena latar belakang sianak yang berasal dari keluarga yang berantakan atau ditelantarkan orang tua, keluarga tidak mampu atau miskin dan bahkan ada anak yang yatim atau piatu atau kedua-duanya. Namun perlahan-lahan masalah psikologi ini mulai diatasi oleh pihak pengelola Panti Asuhan. Sedangkan masalah ilmu pendidikan formalnya di bantu oleh Tim PKM sebagai mitra Panti Asuhan. Sebagai tindak lanjut PKM sebelumnya yang telah di laksanakan di tempat yang sama maka Tim Pelaksana PKM berkomitmen untuk melanjutkan Tugas PKM ini secara berkesinambungan dengan materi yang berbeda sesuai dengan apa yang telah di programkan oleh Tim PKM Universitas Budi Darma Medan. Hal ini dirasakan merupakan suatu amanah dari Tuhan Yang Maha Esa kepada kami sebagai Tim PKM dalam membantu dan memberi sumbangsih kepada siapa saja ( Kelompok/komunitas atau Organisasi) yang patut di bantu dalam hal ini anak – anak Panti Asuhan Talenta Delpita Medan. Mudah-mudahan apa yang kami perbuat diharapkan dapat bermanfaat dan meningkatkan semangat dan pengetahuan anak-anak untuk di terapkan dalam kehidupannya sehari-hari.
Legality of Using Blockchain to Support INSTEX and Other Special Purpose Vehicles to Enable Humanitarian Trade with Sanctioned States
Authors: Truby Jon 
Published: September 2022

This article studies the availability, legality and risks associated with utilizing blockchain technology to support the EU’s special purpose vehicle, the Instrument in Support of Trade Exchanges (INSTEX), to enable humanitarian trade with Iran within the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). Such findings can further be applicable to other special purpose vehicles outside of INSTEX, which would help the EU to maintain foreign policy independence when third country unilateral sanctions apply. It does this by examining why INSTEX stalled and how blockchain could solve such problems. This requires an examination of the reach of US sanctions on Iran. Sanctions regimes commonly exempt financial transactions for humanitarian purposes, but it can be extremely difficult to conduct such legitimate transactions in times of sanctions. This risks human catastrophe of the most vulnerable and can undermine global pandemic relief programmes. Rather than undermine sanctions, the purpose herein is to facilitate humanitarian trade with the maximum level of control and oversight by exploring Blockchain options and legality.
blockchain, special purpose vehicles, SPVs, humanitarian payments, single-purpose digital currency, sanctions, fintech, digital currencies, Sanctions Compliance
ISDS and Nazis or History Without Context: A Reply to Gary Born
Authors: Živković Velimir 
Published: September 2022

Gary Born’s article ‘The 1933 Directives on Arbitration of the German Reich: Echoes of the Past?’ fascinates for good and not so good reasons in almost equal measure. The author skillfully illuminated a rarely-discussed episode of arbitral legal history and aimed to apply its lessons to current debates surrounding investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) reform. The overarching argument is that criticism and/or reform of investor-state arbitration is reckless and reminiscent of National Socialist efforts to curb private-public arbitration – risking undermining the rule of law and even allowing ‘history to repeat itself’. As much as the legal history part is a worthy contribution, this later part is laden with problematic claims and unfortunate parallels. The criticisms and potential (fairly limited) reforms of ISDS are portrayed as missteps towards a totalitarian abyss. Yet as much as investor-state arbitration can sometimes help promote the rule of law, it is not an indispensable ‘bulwark’ against state oppression. ISDS is a historically recent invention, with an even more recent case law. It deals with wide-reaching and objectively often controversial substantive rules, making reform proposals unsurprising. Crucially, even if investorstate arbitration disappeared completely, the history of Nazi horrors would not repeat itself.
commercial arbitration, investor-state arbitration, history of arbitration, ISDS reform, Nazism
What’s the Law? How Indian Courts Should Determine the Law Governing the Arbitration Agreement
Authors: Bhattacharya Shouvik , Rajurkar Saurav 
Published: September 2022

Determination of the law governing the arbitration agreement is a long-standing subject of controversy. The highest courts in the United Kingdom and Singapore have now provided definitive guidance in their respective jurisdictions using a largely identical test, which we call a common choice of law framework. No such common framework for determining the law of the arbitration agreement exists in India. Despite the Indian Supreme Court’s early observations on this issue in NTPC v. Singer (1992), subsequent Supreme Court and High Court decisions have adopted varying approaches, which has resulted in jurisprudential uncertainty. We argue that consistent with India’s increasing friendliness to arbitration and the Indian Supreme Court’s prior decisions, Indian courts should adopt the common choice of law framework as articulated in the United Kingdom and Singapore. We further argue that the Indian courts should recognize the validation principle as articulated by the UK Supreme Court.
Law governing the arbitration agreement, choice of law, validation principle, closest and most real connection, reasonable commercial parties, business efficacy, pro-arbitration approach
Practical Considerations on the Notion of ‘Advantage’ and the Application of Market Economy Operator Test in the Context of Financial Instruments
Authors: Dascalescu Florin , Houtman Marc 
Published: September 2022

This article focuses on the notion of ‘advantage’, as an element necessary for a national measure to be qualified as state aid. Behaving like a private economic operator implies that the state remains profitoriented and does not grant an advantage to a recipient undertaking (i.e., no aid). In order to determine that economic transactions carried out by public bodies do not confer an advantage on the recipient, the European courts have developed, as of the mid-1980s, a test which implies the comparison between the state and a private economic operator. This article focuses on a number of key issues arising when applying the ‘market economy operator test’ (MEOT) to Member States’ (MSs’) investments, especially in the area of financial instruments, e.g., equity or quasi-equity investments, loans or guarantees. The recent EU soft law indicates the forms that the MEOT may take and clarifies the state’s role in co-investments in financial instruments, together with private investors. The existing EU case-law may be useful for subtracting some principles to assist practitioners with designing financial products in line with the MEOT and avoid the negative effects of illegal aid recovery. We conclude that more proxies may be provided via soft law by the European Commission for designing financial products under the MEOT, in an effort to increase access to finance to European companies.
state aid, MEOT, private investor, financial instruments, risk finance measures
Compulsory v. Voluntary Merger Notification Mechanism: Implications of China’s Enforcement for Young Competition Jurisdictions
Authors: Hou Liyang , LI Jian 
Published: September 2022

The internationally dominant compulsory notification mechanism under merger control aims to remedy anti-competitive harm by blocking or conditionally approving mergers ex ante. However, such a mechanism is not free from disadvantages. As an alternative, the voluntary notification mechanism, though superficially producing fewer deterrence effects, is in effect no worse than the compulsory mechanism (CM), given its significantly less implementation costs. In order to examine which mechanism suits a given jurisdiction, it is necessary to evaluate the costs and benefits for the implementation of such a mechanism. The enforcement of the CM in China can be argued to present insufficient benefits and high costs, due to the extreme low proportion of blocked and conditional approved cases, as well as the unsatisfactory deterrence effect, and the significant constraints by implementing resources, in particular human capital. Such a particular situation in China implies that the voluntary mechanism (VM) might be advisable to be a more feasible option for young competition jurisdictions.
Merger Control, Compulsory Notification, Voluntary Notification, Cost and Benefit Analysis, Young Antitrust Jurisdictions
EVOLUÇÃO E COMPARAÇÃO: UMA ANÁLISE HERMENÊUTICA E POLIFÔNICA DA CARTA DE DIREITO ORIUNDA DA REVOLUÇÃO FRANCESA E SEUS REFLEXOS NA DEMOCRACIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Dos Santos Arissandra Andreia , Silveira Gabriel Eidelwein , Gomes Thays Rodrigues 
Published: September 2022

Esta investigação traz uma análise sobre a evolução do Estado de Direito moderno, comparando-o com os direitos civis e políticos adquiridos na Carta de Direitos do Homem e do Cidadão (1789), no contexto da revolução Francesa, em consonância com os artigos presentes na Seção dos direitos fundamentais e sociais da Constituição Federativa da República Brasileira, promulgada em (1988). Nesse estudo, demos ênfase à investigação da dimensão da linguagem nas vozes que permeiam os discursos presentes nos documentos supracitados. Quanto à metodologia, essa pesquisa é bibliográfica, de cunho qualitativo-interpretativo, tendo como método de categorização dos artigos nos documentos mencionados, a tabela comparativa. Para embasamento teórico respaldamos a nossa análise segundo as concepções de Bakhtin (1997); Barroso (2018); Bobbio (2000); Comparato (2010); Streck & Morais (2000), entre outros. Para tanto, os resultados desta pesquisa apontam o caráter hermenêutico e polifônico nos documentos mencionados, por isso existe a possibilidade de inter-relacionar duas gerações do estado de direito, a saber, os reflexos do “estado liberal” no “estado democrático”. Nessa perspectiva, como critério de análise, esboçamos um cruzamento textual com as teorias dos filósofos precursores do iluminismo, a saber: Rousseau, que discorre sobre a soberania popular e a lei como expressão da vontade geral; Voltaire que preconiza a liberdade religiosa, de expressão e de imprensa; Montesquieu, principiador da teoria da tripartição dos poderes; e John Locke, que deixou sua marca por defender o direito à propriedade.
ATUAÇÃO DOCENTE COM ÉTICA E ESTÉTICA COMO FUNDAMENTO DA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E TECNOLÓGICA – A EPT À LUZ DOS CONCEITOS FREIREANOS
Authors: Marques Doris Day Rodrigues , Rezende Marcelo Chaer , Marques Welisson 
Published: September 2022

Este artigo, de base teórico-reflexiva, visa analisar a atuação do educador com ética e estética como fundamentos da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (doravante EPT). Analisamos como a atuação do Educador e da Educadora podem ser pautados na ética e na estética à luz da literatura de Paulo Freire (1966, 1978, 1979a, 1979b, 1982a, 1982b, 1983, 1987, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2001). A EPT necessita da implementação de políticas comprometidas com a Educação Pública gratuita, laica e de qualidade. Nesse sentido, não pode se ater à mera formação do educando para, apenas, abastecer às necessidades mercadológicas sob pena de perpetuar a dualidade histórica do ensino profissional no país. A EPT deve se pautar na formação omnilateral dos alunos, pela integração da formação profissional com a científica. Nessa empreitada, mobilizados alguns conceitos freireanos, quer seja, de consciência crítica, ação-reflexão, educação libertadora e dialogicidade. Nesse exercício de reflexão epistemológica, concluímos que o primeiro conceito, consciência crítica, é entendido como a inserção do educando com o mundo e não apenas neste; educando cônscio de seus direitos e obrigações no pleno exercício da cidadania. O segundo conceito, o binômio dialético ação-reflexão, deve ser escorado na práxis, isto é, a ação desacompanhada da reflexão resume-se à realização de atos de mera execução, praticados mecanicamente, meramente reflexas e não reflexivas. Por sua vez, a simples concepção reflexiva, subjetiva, desassistida da práxis é estéril e, por isso, não possibilita a conduta transformadora dos homens e das mulheres. O terceiro conceito, Educação libertadora, serve como força motriz da ascensão social dos excluídos e das excluídas, como seres humanos que são e não simples objetos. E, por fim, o último conceito, dialogicidade; aponta para o diálogo respeitoso e ético entre os atores educacionais em um plano horizontal.
O PROJETO POLÍTICO-PEDAGÓGICO COMO INSTRUMENTO DE FORTALECIMENTO DA ESCOLA PÚBLICA
Authors: Santos Kely Cristina 
Published: September 2022

Assegurar o direito à educação para o público da modalidade de Jovens e Adultos durante a pandemia da COVID19, fez com que uma escola pública municipal de esnino de EJA regatasse seu Projeto Político Pedagógico com a intencionalidade de validar e significar as novas orientações para o realização do processo educativo de forma remota. Neste documento havia o registro das discussões coletivas sobre a identidade da escola, sobre as concepções de ensino e sobre o curriculo freireano crítico-libertador que traz o destaque para a máxima: ‘qual o conhecimento de importa?, que naquele momento se fazia indispensável no planejamento dos educadores.