bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Temperatures during Long-night Exposures on Growth and Flowering of ‘Mace’, ‘Thor’, and ‘Telstar’ Kalanchoe1
Authors: Pertuit A. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Kalanchoe × sp. cvs. Mace, Thor, and Telstar were subjected to 2, 3, 4, or 5 weeks of long nights (LN) at 10, 16, or 21°C. The cultivars varied in the number of LN for 100% flowering, and this was influenced by temperature. No temperature was more inductive than 16°C; yet, ‘Thor’ required twice as many LN as ‘Mace’. After 2 weeks of LN the relative growth-rate patterns among ‘Mace’ plants under non-inductive conditions continued, but the patterns of ‘Thor’ and ‘Telstar’ changed. Flowering after 2 weeks of LN averaged 91.7% for ‘Mace’, nil for ‘Thor’, and 25.3% for ‘Telstar’.
Phyllotaxy Variability in Pelargonium1
Authors: Skirvin Robert M. , Janick Jules 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Phyllotaxy (the arrangement of leaves on the stem) in scented geranium is typically 2/5, i.e., in order to reach a leaf directly above another, it is necessary to maneuver 2 complete turns around the stem and pass 5 other leaves. We have observed variable phyllotaxy of certain clones of Pelargonium. For instance, in ‘Rober’s Lemon Rose’ (RLR) (Pelargonium graveolens L’Heritier ex. Ait on) nearly all plants change their phyllotaxy from 2/5 to 1/2 (Fig. 1, 2) (3) on either the main axis or lateral shoots. Most plants show: a) a region of 2/5 (usually the oldest growth near the base of the plant), b) a region of 1/2 (the newest growth), and c) a variable (1/2 + 2/5) region between these two (Table 1). The 2/5 phyllotaxy is associated with vegetative growth, while the 1/2 or 1/2 + 2/5 phyllotaxy is associated with flowering. The phyllotaxy switch was reversible. Lateral buds developing within a phyllotactic region could segregate all 3 patterns (Table 1).
Effect of Low Dosage Gamma Irradiation on Emergence, Growth, Yield, and Sugar and Protein Content of Potato1
Authors: Boe A. A. , DeMoura John 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ and ‘Nampa’ seed potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) were irradiated with gamma rays at 328 rads/minute for ¾, 1½ and 3 minutes for greenhouse studies and 167 rads/minute for 2, 4, and 7 minutes for Geld trials. The higher rates of irradiation delayed plant emergence and decreased tuber yield and tended to increase reducing sugar content of tubers. Total sugar content was variable depending on cultivar and culture. Number of stems and tubers, tuber size, and soluble protein of tubers produced by plants from irradiated seed pieces were unaffected by irradiation.
Evaluation of Herbicides for Container-grown Citrus1
Authors: Currey W. L. , Tucker D. P. H. , Oswalt T. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three applications granular formulations of herbicides were applied broadcast over a 7-month period to budded citrus trees growing in 7.6 liters (4-gal) containers with a soil mix containing equal parts of peat, bark, and sand. Materials and rates at each application were alachlor + simazine 4.48 + 2.24 and 8.96 + 2.24 kg/ha; oryzalin 5.60 and 11.20 kg/ha; trifluralin 5.60, 11.20 and 22.40 kg/ha; oxadiazon 4.48 and 8.96 kg/ha; napropamide 11.20 and 22.40 kg/ha; and alachlor 11.20, 22.40 and 44.80. Good to excellent weed control was obtained at all rates of all herbicides used with no phytotoxicity to citrus trees observed.
Method of Grove Establishment and Elemental Concentration of Pecan Leaves1
Authors: Sparks Darrell , Madden George D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wang) K. Koch] trees were established in the grove with either intact or severed taproots. After 7 growing seasons, trees with severed taproots had slightly higher Mg, Fe, B and Sr and slightly lower K, Al, and Si concentrations in leaves than those with intact taproots but N, P, Ca, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo, Na and Ba were unaffected.
Vacuum Infiltration of Calcium Chloride: A Method for Reducing Bitter Pit and Senescence of Apples during Storage at Ambient Temperatures1
Authors: Scott K. J. , Wills R. B. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bitter pit was controlled and senescence delayed in apples stored at ambient temperature (~20°C) by dipping the fruit in calcium chloride after harvest. The application of a partial vacuum while fruit were submerged was the most effective method. This permitted rinsing of the fruit afterwards to reduce the likelihood of skin injury.
Reduction of Soft Scald in Apples with Methyl Linoleate1
Authors: Wills R. B. H. , Scott K. J. , Hopkirk G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The application of methyl linoleate to ‘Jonathan’ apple fruit (Malus domestica Borkh.) after harvest reduced the level of hexanol in the fruit and the incidence of soft scald that developed in the fruit during cool storage.
A Comparison of Pressure Tests, Acid Levels, and Sensory Evaluations of Overripeness in Apples1
Authors: Blanpied G. D. , Blak Virginia A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sensory evaluations of ripeness were made for ‘McIntosh’, ‘Delicious’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Idared’, and ‘Rome’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) in 3 storage seasons. Samples rated overripe by the taste panel did not have flesh firmness values (3 seasons) or acid levels (1 season) which were consistently lower than apples of the same cultivar which were not rated overripe.
‘Cheyenne’ Blackberry1
Authors: Moore J. N. , Brown Elvin , Sistrunk W. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Cheyenne’, an erect tetraploid blackberry, (Rubus, subgenus Eubatus) is the third in a series of blackberry cultivars developed at the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, being preceded by ‘Cherokee’ and ‘Comanche’ (1, 2). It appears to be more widely adapted than ‘Comanche’ and of larger fruit size than ‘Cherokee’.
‘Aristocrat’ Pear1
Authors: Milbocker Daniel C. , Straw William T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The wild Chinese pear, Pyrus calleryana Decaisne was introduced into the U.S. as a possible source of fire blight resistance for pear improvement but was not used as an ornamental plant because of its low branching habit and thorniness. In 1918 Frank Meyer collected seed of P. calleryana in China which were subsequently planted at the USD A Plant Introduction Station at Glenn Dale, Maryland. A thornless individual was discovered among the resulting seedlings which was named ‘Bradford’ in honor of F. C. Bradford, a former director of the Station. ‘Bradford’ is one of the few ornamental trees without serious disease and insect problems. It is valued for its profuse white flowers, glossy, dense summer foliage and burgundy red fall color – a combination of characteristics found in very few trees. It was introduced to nurserymen in 1960 as “the tree for all seasons,” a medium sized shade tree for the southern and eastern United States including zone 5 (1). It has since been found to be adaptable to a larger area and is increasing in popularity with its full potential still being developed.
Does Washing Frost from Plants Reduce Cold Damage? A Postal Symposium
Authors: Burke Michael J. , George Milon F. , Gerber John F. , Janick Jules , Martsolf J. David , Weiser C. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In March of 1975, the News & Views newsletter of the American Horticultural Society offered the following anonymous tip under the heading of Cold Shower Treatment: “Here is a trick that will reduce the amount of damage caused by morning sunlight on frozen buds. Where plants have been lightly touched with frost, take a hand syringe and spray the vulnerable buds with water before sunlight strikes them.” The following spate of correspondence formed the basis of this “postal symposium.”
Computer Indexing of ASHS Publications1
Authors: Pratt Charlotte , Barnard J. , Broderick E. J. , Krauss R. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Since the purpose of an index is to retrieve information rapidly, the index must be closely correlated with the objectives of its users (2). An index may deal with general or specialized information. Examples within the field of agriculture range from the computerized Catalog and Index (CAIN, AGRICOLA) for the Bibliography of Agriculture (3) to the table of contents of the Pisum Newsletter. The scope of subject matter is the most important determinant of the method and format of indexing.
Cell and Tissue Culture for Breeding and Developmental Studies of Citrus1
Authors: Kochba J. , Spiegel-Roy P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Breeding methods which are successfully applied in the production of new and superior cultivars of grains and vegetables are often less effective when used with perennial species such as fruit trees. Fruit trees, especially outbreeding species, are highly heterozygous and have remained thus unchanged for generations because of vegetative propagation. These species are characterized by a more or less prolonged juvenile period. Limited available space and high costs involved in maintenance of orchard plots reduce the number of hybrids that can be studied.
Effects of Prestorage Carbon Dioxide Treatments and Delayed Storage on Stem-end Rind Breakdown of ‘Marsh’ Grapefruit1
Authors: Hatton T. T. , Cubbedge R. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Prestorage treatments of 10, 20, and 40% CO2 for 3 and 7 days at 21°C significantly reduced stem-end rind breakdown in grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) held at 4.5° for 8 and 12 weeks. Three days’ exposure to CO2 was as effective as 7 days’ exposure; however, 20 and 40% concentrations of CO2 were significantly more effective in reducing stem-end rind breakdown than was 10% CO2. Fruit stored continuously at 4.5° in air or that exposed to 21° in an air prior to storage at 4.5° had significantly more stem-end rind breakdown than that exposed to CO2.
Current Status of Plant Cell and Organ Cultures
Authors: Murashige Toshio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In 1902, Haberlandt published on his unsuccessful but pioneering attempt to cultivate cells from leaves of several angiosperms (5). Today, nearly 75 years later, plant cell and organ cultures are established as potent research tools and economical agricultural practices. Cell cultures enabled the demonstration of totipotentiality of plant cells as Haberlandt first suggested (22). Furthermore, they played a critical role in the discovery of cytokinins, an important group of plant hormones (8). Cell and organ cultures provide unique systems to explore organ initiation (17), cell and tissue differentiation (21), and other morphogenetic processes. They furnish new opportunities in somatic cell genetics (2). Organ growth and development can be studied with minimum interference by correlative influences (1, 14, 18, 19, 24).
Tissue Culture Technique Developed for Asparagus Propagation
Authors: Yang Hsu-Jen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Asparagus officinalis L. is a cross-pollinated dioecious crop. Staminate plants are more productive than pistillate plants (12, 23, 24). If a field of all staminate plants, representing superior selections, could be established, then increased yields would result. Propagation of asparagus by seeds results in almost equal numbers of staminate and pistillate plants and in individual plants of varying yielding ability (4, 5, 8, 11, 12, 23, 24, 39). Propagation by stem cuttings has not been possible (29, 30) and division of individual crowns has not been commericially feasible as only a few genetically identical plants at any one time can be developed. It would be an advantage to propagate genetically identical asparagus plants in large quantities from superior selections. Tissue culture shows promise as a useful method to reach this objective. It has been estimated that 300,000 transplantable asparagus plants may be produced from a single shoot apex culture in a year (9), but it remains to be demonstrated in actual practice. This discussion will summarize the tissue culture methods that have been developed and describe a possible procedure for vegetative mass production of asparagus plants through tissue culture.
Tissue Culture of Tropical Ornamental Plants
Authors: Kunisaki John T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Because clonal multiplication through conventional methods of asexual propagation is not rapid enough to meet the sharp increase in demand for tropical ornamental plants, the feasibility of the use of tissue culture for rapid clonal propagation has been increasingly investigated. Through this method, it has become possible to asexually propagate rapidly some plants which are difficult or slow to increase through conventional means. Even in cases where plants can be readily propagated by conventional methods, tissue culture may be used advantageously for rapid clonal increase of newly selected cultivars or cultivars available in limited numbers to establish propagation stocks in a much shorter time. The objective of this paper is to summarize our work on the tissue culture of tropical ornamental plants.
Multiple Applications of Dicofol and Dodine Sprays on Net Photosynthesis of Apple Leaves1
Authors: Sharma Dharam P. , Ferree David C. , Hartman Fred O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effect of dicofol and dodine on photosynthesis (Pn) of greenhouse-grown apple trees (Malus domestica Barkh.) was determined by infrared CO2 analysis. Multiple sprays of dicofol reduced Pn of apple foliage significantly; the reduction was greater in ‘Golden Delicious’/M#7 than in ‘Delicious’/M#7. The maximum decline occurred after the second spray and subsequent applications did not cause further decrease. Multiple sprays of dodine had no significant influence on Pn.
Pesticides Increase True Seed Production of Sweet Potato1
Authors: Jones Alfred , Dukes P. D. , Cuthbert F. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Application of systemic fungicides to sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) increased the total number of healthy seed harvested 50% by increasing pod set, number of seed per pod and the proportion of healthy seed. Insecticides aldicarb and naled gave dramatic responses and increased the number of seedlings obtained per parent plant 2- to 5-fold. Insect damage appeared to be an important cause of low seed set and low seed quality in sweet potato.
Florida 1974, Cos-type Lettuce Breeding Line1
Authors: Guzman V. L. , Zitter T. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Florida 1974, a cos-type lettuce, has achieved some of the goals of our lettuce breeding program. It is homozygous for resistance to lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) and bidens mottle virus (BMoV) and is released primarily for breeding purposes.
Tea in South Carolina1
Authors: Robbins M. LeRon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The French botanist Andre Micheaux, who set out tea plants circa 1800 at Middleton Barony on the Ashley River a few miles from Charleston, S. C., is the first person known to have grown tea in the United States. Dr. Henry Perrine, of plant introduction fame, and Dr. Junius Smith were among the earliest men to campaign for tea production in the United States.
Industry — Institutional Cooperation and Coordination in Horticulture: A Questionnaire
Authors: Barham W. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Committee developed a questionnaire to obtain information about ASHS members professional activities, affiliations, and age distribution. The questionnaire was also intended to determine members opinions and preferences on topics of importance to horticulturists. Over 2400 questionnaires were mailed to U.S. and Canadian members of which 40% were returned. Data obtained were key punched and analyzed by the Data Processing Department of Basic Vegetable Products, Inc.
Introduction to The Session
Authors: Looney Norman E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Probably the area of horticultural science changing most rapidly in recent years is that concerned with chemical plant growth regulation. Certainly the technology of fruit production has been dramatically influenced by growth regulators and the list of cultural practices that can benefit from growth regulators is growing steadily. Many of us have been hard pressed to keep up with the required field testing. We have little time to explore more fundamental aspects of growth regulator research such as synthesis and formulation of new materials, or even more importantly, to examine the mode of action of plant growth regulators in our particular horticultural systems. It is hoped that these invited papers, with their emphasis on fundamentals, will help many of us to put our research effort into a more realistic perspective.
Contaminants in Solvents and Chromatographic Materials
Authors: Martin George C. , Nishijima C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Analysis for hormones in plant material received impetus from the early studies of Went (4). Since that time, scientists have used living plant materials to estimate the presence of specific hormones. Among the advantages of the bioassay are sensitivity to the nanogram and in some cases, picogram range, ease of use, functionality with high levels of contaminants, and low cost of operation. The disadvantages include lack of specificity, variable response, and, in most instances, the need to use a species foreign to the one under examination.
Summer Girdling and 2,4-D Effects on Grapefruit Sizes1
Authors: Hochberg R. , Monselise S. P. , Costo J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Girdling followed by reopening of the girdle (late in June and July) increased fruit size on mature trees of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) while effects of 1 or 2 applications of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) superimposed in a factorial layout were marginal. Girdling caused some delay in fruit maturation as did the 2,4-D applications. Girdling caused no apparent damage to trees the following year.
Stylar-end Breakdown: A Pulp Disorder in ‘Tahiti’ Lime1
Authors: Davenport T. L. , Campbell C. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Observations of pulp and rind tissue of stylar-end breakdown in ‘Tahiti’ lime (Citrus latifolia Tan.) fruit indicate that the disorder is a result of juice invasion of rind tissue at the stylar end causing a tan, watery patch.
Simple Procedure for Preparing Dilute Concentrations of Ethylene in Air or Oxygen in High Pressure Cylinders1
Authors: Saltveit Mikal E. , Dilley David R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Investigations employing gases other than air, e.g. mixtures of O2, CO2, N2, C2H4, etc., in dynamic systems usually employ gas mixtures prepared in high pressure cylinders or by elaborate metering devices and mixing chambers using component gases from high pressure sources (1, 2, 3). Both systems require analysis of the resultant mixture to confirm that the composition is within the desired range. Physiological investigations often require thousands of liters of unique and portable gas mixtures. Commercially prepared mixtures in high pressure cylinders are expensive and metering systems are cumbersome. We have devised a simple method for rapidly preparing (ca. 10 min) dilute (μl/liter) gas mixtures in portable laboratory-owned cylinders at pressures of ca. 140 kg/cm2 (2000 psi). This method can also be used to prepare gas mixtures in percentage composition at lower pressures, ca. 70 kg/cm2 (1000 psi). This method uses a pressure differential between 2 cylinders of compressed gas to inject a known quantity of another gas from a connecting manifold into the lower pressure cylinder.
Chemical Pruning of Chrysanthemums with a Surface Active Agent1
Authors: Tjia B. , Johanson Sonja , Buxton J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The surfactant alkaryl polyoxyethylene glycol containing free fatty adds and isopropanol (X -77) destructs apical meristems on Chrysanthemums morifolium Ramat: and shows potential for chemical pruning at concentration of 3.5 to 4%.
‘Rojo Blanco’ Sweet Potato1
Authors: Whatley Booker T. , Phills Bobby R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Rojo Blanco’, a new cultivar of sweet potato (Impomoea batatas Lam), has been released by Tuskegee Institute for the Latin trade in New York, Chicago, and Denver marketing areas, as well as Latin American countries. ‘Rojo Blanco’ should be considered a substitute for the ‘Boniato’ or ‘Cuban’ sweet potato, which is rough, veiny, produces less than 5% U.S. no. 1 roots and does not store well. ‘Rojo Blanco’ is intermediate in resistance to fusarium wilt, (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. batatas), which is comparable with that of ‘Centennial’ and therefore, should be satisfactory for most growing conditions. It is susceptible to the southern root-knot nematode, (Meloidogyne incognita), (Table 1).
‘Welder’ Muscadine Grape1
Authors: Mortensen J. A. , Hayslip N. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Welder’ is a bronze muscadine grape, Vitis rotundifolia Michx., developed by a private grape grower of that name in Lake County, Florida. ‘Welder’ is vigorous, high yielding, self fertile, and suitable for both wine and fresh fruit consumption (Fig. 1).
Dormancy and Hardiness of Fruit Trees
Authors: Dennis Frank G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The National Peach Council sponsored a workshop for scientists working on dormancy and hardiness of peach and other fruit trees on March 2, 1977 during its National Convention. The purpose of the workshop was to exchange ideas and to develop new ones with the aim of developing better techniques for preventing winter and spring freeze injury.
The workshop, attended mainly by participants from the Eastern U.S., included sessions on breaking and/or prolonging dormancy, environmental and cultural control of hardiness, freeze control systems, and natural control of hardiness. The following is a brief report on material covered. A more detailed report and a list of participants may be obtained upon request.
Flavonoid Chemical Markers as an Adjunct for Cultivar Identification1
Authors: Asen Sam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A high pressure liquid chromatographic procedure for the separation and quantitation of naturally occurring flavonoids is described. Attributes of the technique include rapid analysis, high sensitivity and resolution, no derivatization or risk of thermal decomposition, and easy quantitation. The method is superior to existing classical chromatographic procedures. The use of flavonoid absorption profiles, obtained by this technique, is an important adjunct to the descriptive morphological and physiological methods presently used to identify plant cultivars.
Propagating Chinese Cabbage by Axillary Bud Culture1
Authors: Kuo C. G. , Tsay J. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Axillary buds of heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. Pekinensis group) cultured on a modified Murashige-Skoog medium containing 0.1 mg/liter 6-benzylamino purine and 1 mg/liter naphthalene acetic acid produced roots within 2 weeks. Plantlets grew into true-to-source plants when transplanted to soil in the greenhouse.
Height Control of Chrysanthemum by Soaking Rooted Cuttings in Growth Retardants1
Authors: McDaniel G. L. , Fuhr Susan B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Height of potted chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) was controlled effectively by soaking entire rooted cuttings in succinic acid-2, 2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide) (2500 or 5000 mg/liter) for 60 seconds before planting. Response to the preplanting application of daminozide depended upon the normal flowering height of each cultivar, as does foliar application, (ancymidol) soaking rooted cuttings in α-cyclopropyl-α-4-methozypropyl-α-5-pyrimidine methanol at 50 or 88 mg/liter resulted in excessive growth reduction.
Introduction to the Symposium
Authors: Westwood M. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Viruses and virus-like disorders have been observed in plants for many years. The economic importance of some are obvious, e.g. cull fruit or dead plants, but until recently the effects of some of the less serious viruses had not been determined in detail. Prior to World War II a good deal of the virus research was done in England and the U.S., but since then such work has expanded rapidly throughout the world.