bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
YORP Effect on Long-Term Rotational Dynamics of Debris in GEO
Authors: Cuomo Francesco 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Yarkovsky–O’Keefe–Radzievskii–Paddack (YORP) effect describes the torque induced on space objects produced by solar radiation and thermal re-emission. Previous analyses have demonstrated its influence on long-term rotational dynamics of space debris objects in Geostationary Orbit (GEO), where YORP becomes predominant with respect to other external perturbations (e.g., atmospheric drag, gravity gradient, eddy current torque), leading to a wide variety of possible behaviors. The capability of forecasting time windows of slow uniform rotation, if any, would bring significant advantages in operations of Active Debris Removal and on-orbit servicing, especially in the detumbling phase. Also, a non-negligible impact of the End-of-Life configuration, in terms of movable surfaces orientation and center of mass location, could lead to guidelines for future satellites to be easier targets in the disposal phase. In this work, a previously derived semi-analytical tumbling-averaged YORP rotational dynamics model is leveraged. Exploiting an averaged model, computational time is strongly reduced while maintaining sufficient accuracy compared to propagation of Euler’s equations of motion. First, a satellite of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) family is analyzed and compared to previous studies to verify the correct implementation of the model. A wider analysis is performed on simple geometric models, such as a box-wing satellite, a 3U CubeSat, and a rocket body. The impact of object size, surface optical properties, and center of mass position on long-term rotational behavior is investigated, providing a general insight into these phenomena with a possible future application to existing objects in GEO.
Synthesis of Magnetic Sulfonated Carbon/Fe3O4/Palygorskite Composites and Application as a Solid Acid Catalyst
Authors: Wu Mei , Yao Xingjun , Jiang Jinlong , Ji Yingnian , Gu Yaxi , Deng Qiulin , Ouyang Jing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSulfonated carbon is a green, solid acid catalyst but its surface area, separation, and recovery after utilization need to be improved. The objective of the present study was to provide an environmentally friendly and economical method to prepare magnetic sulfonated carbon composite catalyst with a large surface area using palygorskite (Plg) as the support. A magnetic sulfonated carbon/Fe3O4/Plg composite catalyst was prepared via simultaneous calcination and sulfonation of the mixture of source, p-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH), and Fe3O4/Plg. Fe3O4 nanoparticles and Plg nanorods were encased by a carbon layer derived from sucrose and TsOH. The composite catalyst exhibited good magnetic properties and high catalytic performance for the esterification of oleic acid with methanol. Oleic acid conversion reached 88.69% after the first catalytic cycle. Plg nanorods replaced sucrose and increased the catalyst’s surface area. The introduction of Fe3O4 nanoparticles improved further the acid content and oleic-acid conversion and achieved 70.31% after five cycles. The catalyst was recycled easily using an external magnetic field and its magnetic property remained unchanged due to the protection of the carbon layer.
The Relative Contributions of NIH and Private Sector Funding to the Approval of New Biopharmaceuticals
Authors: Schulthess Duane , Bowen Harry P. , Popovian Robert , Gassull Daniel , Zhang Augustine , Hammang Joe 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives
There remains ongoing debate regarding the relative efficacy of public (NIH) and private sector funding in bringing biopharmaceutical innovations to market. This paper investigates the significance of each party’s level of funding for obtaining Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorization.

Methods
A cohort of research projects linked to 23,230 National Institute of Health grants awarded in the year 2000 was audited to account for patents, where the project led to a product in clinical development and potentially FDA approval. A total of 8126 associated patents led to the identification of 41 therapies that registered clinical trials; 18 of these therapies received FDA approved.

Results
NIH funding for the 18 FDA-approved therapies totaled $0.670 billion, whereas private sector funding (excluding post-approval funding) totaled $44.3 billion. A logistic regression relating the levels of public and private funding to the probability of FDA approval indicates a positive and significant relationship between private sector funding and the likelihood of FDA approval (p ≤ 0.0004). The relationship between public funding and the likelihood of FDA approval is found to be negative and not statistically significant.

Conclusion
Our study results underscore that the development of basic discoveries requires substantial additional investments, partnerships, and the shouldering of financial risk by the private sector if therapies are to materialize as FDA-approved medicine. Our finding of a potentially negative relationship between public funding and the likelihood that a therapy receives FDA approval requires additional study.
Perspectives on plant virus diseases in a climate change scenario of elevated temperatures
Authors: Tsai Wei-An , Brosnan Christopher A. , Mitter Neena , Dietzgen Ralf G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGlobal food production is at risk from many abiotic and biotic stresses and can be affected by multiple stresses simultaneously. Virus diseases damage cultivated plants and decrease the marketable quality of produce. Importantly, the progression of virus diseases is strongly affected by changing climate conditions. Among climate-changing variables, temperature increase is viewed as an important factor that affects virus epidemics, which may in turn require more efficient disease management. In this review, we discuss the effect of elevated temperature on virus epidemics at both macro- and micro-climatic levels. This includes the temperature effects on virus spread both within and between host plants. Furthermore, we focus on the involvement of molecular mechanisms associated with temperature effects on plant defence to viruses in both susceptible and resistant plants. Considering various mechanisms proposed in different pathosystems, we also offer a view of the possible opportunities provided by RNA -based technologies for virus control at elevated temperatures. Recently, the potential of these technologies for topical field applications has been strengthened through a combination of genetically modified (GM)-free delivery nanoplatforms. This approach represents a promising and important climate-resilient substitute to conventional strategies for managing plant virus diseases under global warming scenarios. In this context, we discuss the knowledge gaps in the research of temperature effects on plant-virus interactions and limitations of RNA-based emerging technologies, which should be addressed in future studies.
Monitoring Using X-Bar Control Chart Using Neutrosophic-Based Generalized Multiple Dependent State Sampling with Application
Authors: Khan Nasrullah , Ahmad Liaquat , Aslam Muhammad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this article, an enhanced X-bar control chart using generalized multiple dependent state (GMDS) sampling under neutrosophic statistics is presented. The joint advantages of GMDS sampling and the neutrosophic statistics have been recycled for the efficient monitoring of the average quality characteristic of any production process. The efficiency of the proposed chart has been evaluated using the average run length values under different ranges of the parameters under study. The comparison of the proposed chart with the existing control chart has been discussed. The comparison shows that the proposed chart is better than the existing chart. Results reveal the superiority of the proposed neutrosophic-based GMDS sampling chart. In addition, an example has also been included for the practical implementation of the proposed methodology.
(Il)legal Aspirations: Of Legitimate Crime and Illegitimate Entrepreneurship in Nicaragua
Authors: Rodgers Dennis 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTDrawing on longitudinal ethnographic research carried out over two-and-a-half decades in barrio Luis Fanor Hernández, a poor neighborhood in Managua, Nicaragua, this article explores how legal and illegal economic activities are socially legitimized, and more specifically, how certain illegal economic activities can end up being seen as legitimate, and certain legal ones perceived as illegitimate. The first part of the article explores the variable morality surrounding different types of criminal activities that local gang members engaged in during the 1990s and 2000s. The second part considers my experiences running a local market stall, describing the contrasting reactions I faced when I resorted to first legal, and then illegal, strategies to boost my revenue levels. Taken together, these examples showcase how the social legitimization of an economic activity has less to do with whether it is legal or illegal, but rather the future aspirations it embodies.
The effectiveness of peer support for individuals with mental illness: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Smit Dorien , Miguel Clara , Vrijsen Janna N. , Groeneweg Bart , Spijker Jan , Cuijpers Pim 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe benefits of peer support interventions (PSIs) for individuals with mental illness are not well known. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of PSIs for individuals with mental illness for clinical, personal, and functional recovery outcomes.MethodsSearches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO (December 18, 2020). Included were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing peer-delivered PSIs to control conditions. The quality of records was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool. Data were pooled for each outcome, using random-effects models.ResultsAfter screening 3455 records, 30 RCTs were included in the systematic review and 28 were meta-analyzed (4152 individuals). Compared to control conditions, peer support was associated with small but significant post-test effect sizes for clinical recovery, g = 0.19, 95% CI (0.11–0.27), I2 = 10%, 95% CI (0–44), and personal recovery, g = 0.15, 95% CI (0.04–0.27), I2 = 43%, 95% CI (1–67), but not for functional recovery, g = 0.08, 95% CI (−0.02 to 0.18), I2 = 36%, 95% CI (0–61). Our findings should be considered with caution due to the modest quality of the included studies.ConclusionsPSIs may be effective for the clinical and personal recovery of mental illness. Effects are modest, though consistent, suggesting potential efficacy for PSI across a wide range of mental disorders and intervention types.
Social stress under binge-like alcohol withdrawal in adolescence: evidence of cannabidiol effect on maladaptive plasticity in rats
Authors: Brancato Anna , Castelli Valentina , Lavanco Gianluca , D'Amico Cesare , Feo Salvatore , Pizzolanti Giuseppe , Kuchar Martin , Cannizzaro Carla 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol binge drinking may compromise the functioning of the nucleus accumbens (NAc), i.e. the neural hub for processing reward and aversive responses.MethodsAs socially stressful events pose particular challenges at developmental stages, this research applied the resident–intruder paradigm as a model of social stress, to highlight behavioural neuroendocrine and molecular maladaptive plasticity in rats at withdrawal from binge-like alcohol exposure in adolescence. In search of a rescue agent, cannabidiol (CBD) was selected due to its favourable effects on alcohol- and stress-related harms.ResultsBinge-like alcohol exposed intruder rats displayed a compromised defensive behaviour against the resident and a blunted response of the stress system, in addition to indexes of abnormal dopamine (DA)/glutamate plasticity and dysfunctional spine dynamics in the NAc. CBD administration (60 mg/kg) was able to: (1) increase social exploration in the binge-like alcohol exposed intruder rats, at the expenses of freezing time, and in control rats, which received less aggressive attacks from the resident; (2) reduce corticosterone levels independently on alcohol previous exposure; (3) restore DA transmission and (4) facilitate excitatory postsynaptic strength and remodelling.ConclusionsOverall, the maladaptive behavioural and synaptic plasticity promoted by the intersection between binge-like alcohol withdrawal and exposure to adverse social stress can be rescued by a CBD détente effect that results in a successful defensive strategy, supported by a functional endocrine and synaptic plasticity. The current data highlight CBD's relevant therapeutic potential in alcohol- and stress-related harms, and prompt further investigation on its molecular targets.
Range-wide changes in the North American Tufted Puffin Fratercula cirrhata breeding population over 115 years
Authors: Pearson Scott F. , Keren Ilai , Hodum Peter J. , Drummond Brie A. , Hipfner J. Mark , Rojek Nora A. , Renner Heather M. , Thomas Susan M. 
Published: September 2022

Summary
Regional and local studies suggest that the Tufted Puffin Fratercula cirrhata in North America is declining in portions of its range. However, whether the overall population is declining, or its range is contracting with little change to the overall population size, is unknown. To examine population trends throughout its North American range, we assembled 11 datasets that spanned 115 years (1905–2019) and included at-sea density and encounter estimates and at-colony burrow and bird counts. We assessed trends for the California Current, Gulf of Alaska, and Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands large marine ecosystems (LME). We found: (1) nearly uniform and long-term declines of Puffins breeding in the California Current ecosystem, with most ecosystem colonies surveyed, (2) declining trends at two large colonies and in one at-sea dataset in the Gulf of Alaska LME, with the fourth smaller colony exhibiting no significant trend, and (3) positive trends at four out of five colonies in the Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands ecosystem complex, with no detectable trend at the fifth very large colony. The general pattern of Tufted Puffin declines across the California Current and Gulf of Alaska LMEs may be attributable to a variety of factors, but additional study is needed to evaluate the relative influence of potential population drivers both independently and synergistically. Potential mechanisms driving population increases in the Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands ecosystem include reduced depredation and bycatch, intrinsic population growth, and immigration. We found strong evidence for declines in two of the three LMEs evaluated representing approximately three quarters of the species’ North American range. This region of decline includes the Gulf of Alaska LME, which contains a significant portion of the species’ estimated total North American population. Despite data limitations, our analysis coupled with more focused and local studies indicates that the Tufted Puffin is a species of conservation concern.
Intrusive Magmatism Strongly Contributed to the Volatile Release Into the Atmosphere of Early Earth
Authors: Vulpius Sara , Noack Lena 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMagmatic volatile release was crucial for the build‐up and composition of the early atmosphere and thus for the origin and evolution of life. Even though the rate of intrusive to extrusive magma production on Earth is high, intrusive volatile release is commonly neglected in studies modeling the composition of the early atmosphere. This can mainly be attributed to the solubility of volatiles like H2O and CO2. The solubility is increasing with depth and thus is thought to prevent the release of these volatiles. However, due to the accumulation of H2O and CO2 within the melt during fractional crystallization, the solubility can be exceeded even at greater depths. In our study, we developed a novel numeric model to quantify the amount of H2O and CO2 that can be released from an intrusive system if we consider the process of fractional crystallization. Additionally, we take the possibility of melt ascent and the formation of hydrous minerals into account. According to our simulations, the release of H2O and CO2 from an intrusive magma body is possible within the whole lithosphere. However, the release strongly depends on the initial volatile budget, the formation of hydrous phases, the depth of the intrusion and the buoyancy of the melt. Considering all these factors, our study suggests that about 0%–85% H2O and 100% CO2 can be released from mafic intrusions. This renders the incorporation of the intrusive volatile release mandatory in order to determine the volatile fluxes and the composition of early Earth's atmosphere.
Micromagnetic Modeling of a Magnetically Unstable Zone and Its Geological Significances
Authors: Wang Yuqin , Ge Kunpeng , Williams Wyn , Zhou Hui , Wang Huapei , Nagy Lesleis , Tauxe Lisa , Wang Jiang , Liu Shengbo , Liu Yang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent micromagnetic simulations have found that particles in the transitional zone between the single domain (SD) and single vortex (SV) zone are prone to thermal and external magnetic field instabilities that could adversely affect the accuracy of interpretations of paleomagnetic recordings. In this study, we attempt to evaluate the internal magnetization characteristics of these magnetically unstable (MU) particles and the influence on paleomagnetic observations by simulating the magnetic behavior of 68–104 nm truncated octahedral magnetite particles using the MERRILL modeling software. We found that: (a) The size region of the “MU zone” for grains of truncated octahedron shape is different from cubic octahedrons and spheres, indicating that the zone may be controlled by the geometry and shape of particles; (b) The MU zone has a range of 79–97 nm region, which is dominated by a hard‐axis aligned single vortex (HSV); and (c) MU particles are unstable as a function of temperature and have low coercive fields. Finally, the numerical fitting of hysteresis parameters for experimental data suggests that the influence of such MU particles in samples should not be ignored, especially for samples with fine‐grained magnetic minerals as the primary magnetic recording carriers. This research has extended our understanding of the behavior of the “MU zone” and its significance on paleomagnetic records.
Absolute Sea Level Changes Along the Coast of China From Tide Gauges, GNSS, and Satellite Altimetry
Authors: Zhou Dongxu , Liu Yang , Feng Yikai , Zhang Huayi , Fu Yanguang , Liu Yanxiong , Tang Qiuhua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study quantifies the absolute sea level (ASL) change along the coast of China from 1993 to 2019 using tide gauge (TG) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data. The sea level change at 12 collocated TG and GNSS stations along the Chinese coast are first analyzed by TG + GNSS data. Then the ASL rise and its spatial variation along the coast of China and that in surrounding oceans are studied using TG + GNSS data and satellite altimetry products. The results show that the relative sea level rise along the Chinese coast varied from 2.61 ± 0.76 to 5.56 ± 0.70 mm/yr, while the effect of vertical land motion (VLM) ranged from −1.46 ± 0.30 to 1.07 ± 0.38 mm/yr. After correcting the effect of the VLM, the ASL rise ranged from 2.51 ± 0.86 to 5.03 ± 0.60 mm/yr, with a mean rate of 3.94 ± 0.88 mm/yr, which was 0.7 mm/yr higher than the global average. It is found that ASL rise rate is significantly higher in Chinese seas and neighboring oceans, with a meridional distribution in the East China Sea and a zonal distribution in the South China Sea. This may be related to factors such as sea surface temperature rise, atmospheric pressure decrease, freshwater runoff, zonal wind stress anomaly, and alongshore currents in the area.
Soil Carbonyl Sulfide (OCS) Fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems: An Empirical Model
Authors: Whelan M. E. , Shi Mingjie , Sun Wu , Vries Linda Kooijmans‐de , Seibt Ulli , Maseyk Kadmiel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMeasurements of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) enable independent estimates of regional stomatal conductance provided that non‐stomatal OCS fluxes are well constrained. OCS is taken up through plant leaves, following the same pathway as CO2; in contrast to CO2, OCS is irreversibly destroyed in plant leaves and plants do not typically exhibit OCS emissions. Ecosystem uptake of OCS can indicate changes in stomatal opening. Here we present an empirical model to assess the potential impact of soil OCS exchange, the non‐Stomatal OCS exchange Empirical Model (SOCSEM, version 0). We created biome‐specific response curves characterizing soil OCS exchange and restricted the model design to require only knowledge of soil moisture and surface temperature because remote sensing observations are available for these two features. Comparing the model to field‐based chamber observations reveal deviations that can be attributed to missing complexity of the ground surface (having excluded litter and plants without regulated stomata), shortwave radiation, or the soil environment. For agricultural regions with known net emissions, we use remotely‐sensed surface temperature data and demonstrate that data resolution can affect anticipated fluxes. We further investigate the influence of regions with unknown soil OCS responses, for example, Arctic tundra. We compare our model to a process‐based and respiration‐based soil OCS exchange model that has been implemented in a land surface model. Further field study of tropical and arctic ecosystems in conjunction with studies of non‐stomatal surfaces in addition to soil (e.g., bryophytes) will increase confidence in applying OCS as a regional tracer for stomatal conductance.
Engineered model of t(7;12)(q36;p13) AML recapitulates patient-specific features and gene expression profiles
Authors: Ragusa Denise , Cicirò Ylenia , Federico Concetta , Saccone Salvatore , Bruno Francesca , Saeedi Reza , Sisu Cristina , Pina Cristina , Sala Arturo , Tosi Sabrina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAcute myeloid leukaemia carrying the translocation t(7;12)(q36;p13) is an adverse-risk leukaemia uniquely observed in infants. Despite constituting up to 30% of cases in under 2-year-olds, it remains poorly understood. Known molecular features are ectopic overexpression of the MNX1 gene and generation of a fusion transcript in 50% of patients. Lack of research models has hindered understanding of t(7;12) biology, which has historically focused on MNX1 overexpression rather than the cytogenetic entity itself. Here, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 to generate t(7;12) in the human K562 cell line, and in healthy CD34+ haematopoietic progenitors where the translocation was not sustained in long-term cultures or through serial replating. In contrast, in K562 cells, t(7;12) was propagated in self-renewing clonogenic assays, with sustained myeloid bias in colony formation and baseline depletion of erythroid signatures. Nuclear localisation analysis revealed repositioning of the translocated MNX1 locus to the interior of t(7;12)-harbouring K562 nuclei — a known phenomenon in t(7;12) patients which associates with ectopic overexpression of MNX1. Crucially, the K562-t(7;12) model successfully recapitulated the transcriptional landscape of t(7;12) patient leukaemia. In summary, we engineered a clinically-relevant model of t(7;12) acute myeloid leukaemia with the potential to unravel targetable molecular mechanisms of disease.