bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of postnatal hydrocortisone on cytokine profile in extremely preterm infants
Authors: Tamura Kentaro , Nagaoka Mitsuhide , Inomata Satomi , Kawasaki Yukako , Makimoto Masami , Yoshida Taketoshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSystemic hydrocortisone administration has been widely used in preterm infants who are at risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). However, the effects of hydrocortisone on cytokine profiles have not been examined. We aimed to investigate the effects of postnatal hydrocortisone treatment on serum cytokine levels in extremely preterm infants.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of 29 extremely preterm infants born at <28 weeks of gestational age. We obtained serum from blood samples collected during an early phase (5–20 days) and a late phase (28–60 days) after birth. We measured the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factors α and β, interleukin (IL)‐1β, and IL‐6), T‐helper (Th) 1 cytokines (interferon‐γ, IL‐2, and IL‐12p70), Th2 cytokines (IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐10), Th17 cytokine IL‐17A, and chemokine IL‐8. The cytokine levels between the early and late phases were compared between infants who received postnatal hydrocortisone and those who did not.ResultsThirteen infants (45%) received systemic hydrocortisone treatment at a median age of 15 days (IQR: 10.0–21.5) after birth due to respiratory deterioration. The percentage of BPD was higher in the steroid group than in the non‐steroid group (P = 0.008). The ratio of IL‐6 for the late‐to‐early phase was significantly lower in the steroid group than in the non‐steroid group (P = 0.04). The concentration of the other cytokines remained unchanged between the phases.ConclusionsAlthough the postnatal hydrocortisone treatment provided for respiratory deterioration did not prevent the BPD development, hydrocortisone treatment might suppress IL‐6 overproduction in extremely preterm infants.
Squaraine Dyes Derived from Indolenine and Benzo[e]indole as Potential Fluorescent Probes for HSA Detection and Antifungal Agents
Authors: Gomes Vanessa S. D. , Ferreira João C. C. , Boto Renato E. F. , Almeida Paulo , Fernandes Jose R. , Sousa Maria João , Gonçalves M. Sameiro T. , Reis Lucinda V. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTFour squaraine dyes derived from 2,3,3‐trimethylindolenine and 1,1,2‐trimethyl‐1H‐benzo[e]indole with different combinations of barbituric groups attach to the central ring, having ester groups and alkyl chains in the nitrogen atoms of heterocyclic rings were synthesized. These dyes were fully characterized, and their photophysical behavior was studied in ethanol and phosphate‐buffered solution. Absorption and emission bands between 631 and 712 nm were detected, with the formation of aggregates in aqueous media, which is typical of this class of dyes. Tests carried out with 1,3‐diphenylisobenzofuran allowed us to verify the ability of the dyes to produce singlet oxygen. The interaction of synthesized dyes with human serum albumin (HSA) was also evaluated, being demonstrated a linear correlation between fluorescence intensity and protein concentration. The antifungal potential of the dyes against the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was evaluated using a broth microdilution assay. In order to test the photosensitizing capacity of the synthesized dyes, tests were carried out in the dark and with irradiation, using a custom‐built light‐emitting diode that emits close to the absorption wavelength of the studied dyes. The results showed that the interaction of dyes with HSA and the antifungal activity depends on the different structural modifications of the dyes.
Element mobility during formation of the Ruwai Zn‐Pb‐Ag skarn deposit, Central Borneo, Indonesia
Authors: Dana Cendi D. P. , Agangi Andrea , Takahashi Ryohei , Idrus Arifudin , Lai Chun‐Kit , Nainggolan Nico A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Ruwai deposit is Indonesia's largest Zn‐Pb‐Ag skarn deposit and is located in Lamandau district, Central Borneo, within the Central Borneo metallogenic belt. This skarn deposit consists of four main zones, namely Gojo, Karim, Ruwai, and Southwest Gossan Zones. The skarn orebodies are mostly hosted by limestone of the Jurassic Ketapang Complex where quartz diorite of the Cretaceous Sukadana Granitoid is the ore‐causative intrusion. Despite the several mineralogical studies carried out in this deposit, there is still a lack of knowledge of its geochemical characteristics. This study evaluates the element mobility during skarn formation on the basis of skarn and ore mineralogy combined with lithogeochemical data of the intrusions, sedimentary wall rocks, and skarn bodies. The skarn mineralogy of the Ruwai skarn complex can be divided into prograde, retrograde and supergene stages. The prograde stage is characterized by the formation of an anhydrous assemblage of garnet‐pyroxene, while the retrograde stage features the replacement of prograde minerals by predominant epidote‐chlorite‐actinolite. The mineralization was first introduced during the late prograde stage, while the formation of massive orebodies attributed to the retrograde stage. The skarn samples show a wide range of major element contents, but both the mineralized skarn and massive orebodies show similar trace and rare‐earth elements patterns in global Phanerozoic limestone‐ and upper crust sedimentary rocks‐normalized spider diagrams. The skarn and orebodies, as well as the metalimestone in this study area, are depleted in REE, although HREE are higher than LREE. Most metals (e.g., Zn, Pb, Ag, Cu, Fe) in skarn and associated orebodies, interpreted to be predominantly magmatic‐sourced, show co‐occurring enrichment or depletion relative to the metalimestone and intrusive rocks. The isocon analysis shows that there was significant mass loss as a consequence of significant volatile loss, such as CO2, during skarn formation. Major oxides and large ion lithophile elements mostly behaved as mobile elements during skarn formation, whereas rare‐earth and high field strength elements tended to be immobile. However, the occurrence of several HFSE‐ and REE‐bearing minerals in Ruwai deposit (i.e., zircon, thorite, cerite, cerianite, monazite, allanite), suggesting minor or local mobility of these elements. Such unexpected behavior can be justified by the occurrence of fluorine‐rich hydrothermal fluid, which could have been responsible for the increasing mobility of these elements.
Are 3D printed models acceptable in assessment?
Authors: Hammerton Charlotte , Yip Sharon Wing Lam , Manobharath Nivetha , Myers Gil , Sturrock Alison 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThree‐dimensional (3D) printed models are increasingly used in undergraduate anatomy teaching. However, their role and value in anatomy assessment remains under consideration. The aim of this study was to evaluate student and educator perspectives on acceptability of using novel 3D printed heart models for assessment.MethodsWe used printed 3D models of the heart for first‐year medical students, in small group teaching, formative assessment and revision at home. We adopted a mixed methods approach involving questionnaires, then focus groups to collect student and educator views. We used QSR Nvivo to manage thematic analysis of responses, carried out by student and educators, respectively.FindingsOverall, students 89% (n = 75/84) and educators 91% (n = 10/11) found the assessment acceptable. Thematic analysis of focus groups (n = 4 students, n = 5 educators) identified five key perceptions shared across student and educator groups: 3D models are the future, realism is valued, models appear feasible, consistent and provide a potential for a range of applications in assessment.DiscussionThere was agreement between educators and students that the use of 3D heart models was acceptable. Key recognised benefits include accessibility and consistency across settings, made more relevant in the current COVID‐19 pandemic. We recommend integration of 3D models into teaching and assessment for educational alignment and careful selection of anatomy to model. Further research is required to explore the use of models in summative assessments.
Do image resolution and classifier choice impact island biogeographical parameters of terrestrial islands?
Authors: Oldeland Jens , Eibes Pia Maria , Irl Severin David Howard , Schmiedel Ute 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIsland biogeography provides concepts for conservation management as fragmented habitats are comparable to ocean islands. Remote sensing can help to extract terrestrial habitat islands on the landscape scale. However, little is known about the effects of image resolution and classification algorithms on resulting island size and related parameters. We study the combined effect of three image resolutions (2, 10, and 30 m) and three classification algorithms (Artificial Neural Network, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine) by extracting quartz islands from WorldView‐2 imagery using image segmentation. We compared four island parameters (i.e., area, distance, shape index, and perimeter–area ratio between resolutions and classifiers). We found that in all cases, image resolution and classification algorithms had a strong effect. However, image resolution was more important for area and shape. Artificial Neural Network always provided the best performance as a classifier (OA: 0.880, kappa: 0.801, F1: 0.912). Hence, conservation strategies could lead to different results when different pattern extraction strategies are applied. Future studies which aim at extracting terrestrial habitat islands from image datasets should aim for the highest possible resolution and compare the outcomes of different classifiers to ensure the best possible results.
Dose‐escalated simultaneously integrated boost radiation protocol fails to result in a survival advantage for sinonasal tumors in dogs
Authors: Meier Valeria , Staudinger Chris , Körner Maximilian , Soukup Alena , Rohrer Bley Carla 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe prognosis for canine sinonasal tumors remains rather poor despite definitive‐intent radiotherapy (RT). Theoretical calculations predicted improved outcomes with simultaneously integrated boost (SIB) protocols. With the hypothesis of clinically detectable differences in outcome between groups, our retrospective study evaluated prognostic variables and outcome in dogs treated with regular versus SIB RT. Dogs with sinonasal tumors treated with either a regular (10 × 4.2 Gy) or new SIB protocol (10 × 4.83 Gy to macroscopic tumor) were included. Information regarding signalment, tumor stage, type, clinical signs, radiation toxicity, response, and outcome was collected. Forty‐nine dogs were included: 27 treated regularly and 22 treated with SIB RT. A total of 69.4% showed epistaxis, 6.1% showed epileptic seizures, 46.9% showed stage IV tumors, and 6.1% showed lymph node metastases. Early toxicity was mostly mild. Late grade 1 skin toxicity (alopecia/leucotrichia) was seen in 72.1% of dogs, and a possible grade 3 ocular toxicity (blindness) was seen in one dog. Complete/partial resolution of clinical signs was seen in 95.9% of patients as best clinical response and partial remission was seen as best imaging response in 34.7%. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 274 days (95% CI: 117–383) for regular and 300 days (95% CI: 143–451) for SIB RT, which was not significantly different (P = 0.42). Similarly, the median overall survival (OS) was 348 days (95% CI: 121–500) for regular and 381 days (95% CI: 295–634) for the SIB RT (P = 0.18). Stratified by protocol, the hazard ratio of stage IV versus stage I–III tumors was 2.29 (95% CI: 1.156‐4.551,P = 0.02) for OS but not PFS. All dogs showed acceptable toxicity. In contrast to theoretical predictions, however, we could not show a statistically significant better outcome with the new protocol.
Mechanical Response of Mouse Cervices Lacking Decorin and Biglycan During Pregnancy
Authors: Lee Nicole , Shi Lei , Colon Caraballo Mariano , Nallasamy Shanmugasundaram , Mahendroo Mala , Iozzo Renato V. , Myers Kristin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCervical remodeling is critical for a healthy pregnancy. The proper regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover leads to remodeling throughout gestation, transforming the tissue from a stiff material to a compliant, extensible, viscoelastic tissue prepared for delivery. Small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) regulate structural fiber assembly in the cervical ECM and overall tissue material properties. To quantify the SLRPs' mechanical role in the cervix, whole cervix specimens from nonpregnant and late pregnant knockout mice of SLRPs, decorin and biglycan, were subjected to cyclic load-unload, ramp-hold, and load-to-failure mechanical tests. Further, a fiber composite material model, accounting for collagen fiber bundle waviness, was developed to describe the cervix's three-dimensional large deformation equilibrium behavior. In nonpregnant tissue, SLRP knockout cervices have the same equilibrium material properties as wild-type tissue. In contrast, the load-to-failure and ramp-hold tests reveal SLRPs impact rupture and time-dependent relaxation behavior. Loss of decorin in nonpregnant (NP) cervices results in inferior rupture properties. After extensive remodeling, cervical strength is similar between all genotypes, but the SLRP-deficient tissue has a diminished ability to dissipate stress during a ramp-hold. In mice with a combined loss of decorin and biglycan, the pregnant cervix loses its extensibility, compliance, and viscoelasticity. These results suggest that decorin and biglycan are necessary for crucial extensibility and viscoelastic material properties of a healthy, remodeled pregnant cervix.
Additive Manufacturing In Situ and Ex Situ Geometric Data Registration
Authors: Feng Shaw C. , Lu Yan , Jones Albert T. , Yang Zhuo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recently, the number and types of measurement devices that collect data that are used to monitor laser-based powder bed fusion of metals processes and inspect additive manufacturing metal parts have increased rapidly. Each measurement device generates data in a unique coordinate system and in a unique format. Data alignment is the process of spatially aligning different datasets to a single coordinate system. It is part of a broader process called “data registration.” This paper provides a data registration procedure and includes an example of aligning data to a single, reference, coordinate system. Such a reference coordinate system is needed for downstream applications, including data analytic, artificial intelligence, and part qualification.
Cognitive and Physical Effects of Warm-Up on Young Soccer Players
Authors: González-Fernández Francisco Tomás , Sarmento Hugo , González-Víllora Sixto , Pastor-Vicedo Juan Carlos , Martínez-Aranda Luis Manuel , Clemente Filipe Manuel 
Published: March 2022

This study analyzed the effects of with (WC) or without conducting a warm up on youth soccer players immediately before performing physical and cognitive tests. Fourteen youth soccer player (age 11.64 ± 0.50) participated in a counterbalanced cross-sectional study in which three conditions were tested: (a) basal lineal condition; (b) WC (immediately before the physical and cognitive tests); and (c) without WC (passive resting for 15 min between the warm-up and physical and cognitive tests). A 30-m sprint test, countermovement jump, and psychomotor vigilance task were also applied. The WC revealed significant improvements in countermovement jump (p < .05), 30-m sprint test performance (p < .05), and reaction time in psychomotor vigilance task (p < .05) in comparison to basal lineal condition and without WC. A 15-min rest after a warm-up has a meaningfully decremental effect on the physical and cognitive readiness of youth soccer players, in comparison with when they warm-up immediately before the demands are imposed.
Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Body Composition and Physical Performance of Elite Female Football Players
Authors: Villaseca-Vicuña Rodrigo , Pérez-Contreras Jorge , Merino-Muñoz Pablo , Aedo-Muñoz Esteban , González Jurado José A. , Zabaloy Santiago 
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic led to an unusual situation in sports. Players were forced to stay at home for an undefined period of time and not allowed to use any training facilities or even exercise outdoors. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on physical performance and body composition in elite female football players. During the confinement period, 19 players (n = 19, M = 27 years; SD = 4.19) volunteered to participate in the present study. Participants were confined during 5 months and performed six remotely guided sessions a week, designed and structured by a certified fitness coach. Pre- and postconfinement period, players were tested for body composition, strength in the squat exercise, vertical jump, 30-m sprint, kicking velocity, and intermittent endurance capacity (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1). Fat mass and muscle mass remained unaffected after the confinement period, while only body mass showed a significant increase between periods (1.19%; p = .014). In addition, physical performance measures postconfinement showed positive changes in kicking (p < .001; effect size = 1.02), in contrast to a reduction in mean propulsive velocity against 40-kg load and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 total distance covered (p: .041 and .010, respectively). Present findings indicate that the implementation of home-based training programs during confinement periods could be sufficient stimulus to maintain body composition and physical performance (i.e., strength, vertical jump, and sprint), although they might not be sufficient to maintain intermittent endurance capacity in elite female football players.
Structure, metamorphism, and geodynamic significance of the Catalina Schist terrane
Authors: Platt* John P. , Grove* Marty , Kimbrough* David L. , Jacobson* Carl E. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
This guide begins with an overview of the internal structure and petrology of the Catalina Schist terrane as exposed on Santa Catalina Island, California, followed by a discussion of the tectonic setting and exhumational history of the terrane, and the Cenozoic tectonic and geological evolution of the Inner Borderland, within which it lies. The guide then presents an itinerary for a three-day field trip from 9–11 May 2020. Next, we present a tectonic model for the formation of the Catalina Schist, followed by a discussion of its relationship to the Pelona, Orocopia, Rand, and related schists in southern California.
This field trip generally follows the GSA guide published in GSA Field Guide 59 (available at https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa):
Platt, J.P., Grove, M., Kimbrough, D.L., and Jacobson, C.E., 2020, Structure, metamorphism, and geodynamic significance of the Catalina Schist terrane, in Heermance, R.V., and Schwartz, J.J., eds., From the Islands to the Mountains: A 2020 View of Geologic Excursions in Southern California: Geological Society of America Field Guide 59, p. 165–195, https://doi.org/10.1130/2020.0059(05).
Parental and physician disagreement on help-seeking in paediatric case scenarios
Authors: Visscher Sarah , van Stralen Karlijn , Toelen Jaan , de Winter Peter 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveWhenever a child falls ill, parents need to decide whether there is a need to contact medical professionals. Parental and physician perspectives on the severity of a child’s illness differ. We aimed to determine triggers for help-seeking among parents.Design and settingWe conducted a survey study among 200 parents. In four hypothetical case scenarios, an acutely ill child was described with a baseline symptom (abdominal pain, rhinitis, headache, limping), with deterioration over time. Parents had to answer when they would contact the general practitioner. Fifty-four physicians received the same case scenarios.Main outcome measuresParents and physicians did not differ significantly in help-seeking in the abdominal pain case. In the non-urgent rhinitis case, parents sought help earlier than physicians wished them to, while in the urgent illness cases of headache and limping parents tend to seek help later than physicians wished. Rising body temperature was more alarming to parents than physicians, while loss of appetite did not concern either group. Parents did not recognise several red flags, for example, drowsiness and refusal to stand. Low educated parents and parents with a history of more frequent healthcare use were inclined to seek help earlier.Implication of resultsIn urgent cases, parents do not seem to recognise red flags, while some non-urgent symptoms trigger them to seek help. This reveals a need for mutual education. Physician awareness of a perception gap could help them adjust their communication and empower parents.
Death from cancer: frequent unscheduled care
Authors: Mills Sarah E E , Buchanan Deans , Donnan Peter T , Smith Blair H 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo examine the demographic, clinical, and temporal factors associated with cancer decedents being a frequent or very frequent unscheduled care (GP-general practice Out-Of-Hours (GPOOH) and Accident & Emergency (A&E)) attender, in their last year of life.MethodsRetrospective cohort study, of all 2443 cancer decedents in Tayside, Scotland, over 30- months period up to 06/2015, comparing frequent attenders (5–9 attendances/year) and very frequent attenders (≥10 attendances/year) to infrequent attenders (1–4 attendances/year) and non-attenders. Clinical and demographic datasets were linked to routinely-collected clinical data using the Community Health Index number. Anonymised linked data were analysed in SafeHaven, using binary/multinomial logistic regression, and Generalised Estimating Equations analysis.ResultsFrequent attenders were more likely to be older, and have upper gastrointestinal (GI), haematological, breast and ovarian malignancies, and less likely to live in accessible areas or have a late cancer diagnosis. They were more likely to use GPOOH than A&E, less likely to have face-to-face unscheduled care attendances, and less likely to be admitted to hospital following unscheduled care attendance.ConclusionsAge, cancer type, accessibility and timing of diagnosis relative to death were associated with increased likelihood of being a frequent or very frequent attender at unscheduled care.
Emergency department presentations in palliative care patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Taylor Paul , Stone Tony , Simpson Rebecca , Kyeremateng Sam , Mason Suzanne 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo map the patient journey for individuals known to palliative care presenting to the emergency department (ED).MethodsA linked dataset from the CUREd database and palliative care services in a region in the North of England was used. The study describes day and time of presentations, events occurring in the ED, mode of leaving the department and length of hospital admissions for presentations occurring within 90 days of a contact with palliative care. Findings were compared with the wider population in the CUREd database.ResultsA significant proportion of individuals known to palliative care (29.4%) presented to the ED. Presentations typically occurred in working hours. Most presented by ambulance (84.4%) and were admitted to hospital (75.1%); these observations persisted across age groups. Most presentations involved investigations (88.5%) and/or treatment (84.1%).ConclusionsPalliative patients exhibit significant use of the ED; some have the potential to benefit from attendances, but there is a minority for whom ED is unlikely to have improved their care. Advance care planning and communication between services are important for empowering those who stand to benefit from ED, while ensuring appropriate care is planned for those who prefer to avoid presenting.