bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between histological diaphragm atrophy and ultrasound diaphragm expiratory thickness in ventilated patients
Authors: Dot Irene , Pérez-Terán Purificación , Francés Albert , Díaz Yolanda , Vilà-Vilardell Clara , Salazar-Degracia Anna , Chalela Roberto , Barreiro Esther , Rodriguez-Fuster Alberto , Masclans Joan Ramon , Marin-Corral Judith 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiaphragm fiber atrophy has been evidenced after short periods of mechanical ventilation (MV) and related to critical illness-associated diaphragm weakness. Atrophy is described as a decrease in diaphragm fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) in human diaphragm biopsy, but human samples are still difficult to obtain in clinics. In recent years, ultrasound has become a useful tool in intensive care to evaluate diaphragm anatomy. The present study aimed to evaluate the ability of diaphragm expiratory thickness (Tdi) measured by ultrasound to predict diaphragm atrophy, defined by a decrease in diaphragm fiber CSA obtained through diaphragm biopsy (the gold standard technique) in ventilated patients.MethodsDiaphragm biopsies and diaphragm ultrasound were performed in ventilated donors and in control subjects. Demographic variables, comorbidities, severity on admission, treatment, laboratory test results and evolution variables were evaluated. Immunohistochemical analysis to determine CSA and ultrasound measurements of Tdi at end-expiration were performed, and median values of the control group were used as thresholds to determine agreement between them in further analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of an ultrasound Tdi cutoff for detecting histologic atrophy were calculated. Agreement between two ultrasound observers was also assessed.ResultsThirty-five ventilated organ donors and 5 ventilated controls were included, without differences in basic characteristics. CSA and Tdi were lower in donors than in controls. All donors presented lower CSA, but only 74% lower Tdi regarding control group thresholds. The cut-off value for lower diaphragm expiratory thickness (Tdi < 1.7 mm) presented a sensitivity of 73%, a specificity of 67%, a positive predictive value of 96% and a negative predictive value of 17% for determining the presence of diaphragm atrophy (CSA < 2851 μm2).ConclusionsDiaphragm atrophy and thickness reduction is associated to MV. While a lower Tdi in diaphragm ultrasound is a good tool for diagnosing atrophy, normal or increased Tdi cannot rule atrophy out showing that both parameters should not be considered as synonymous.
Determinants of postnatal care service utilization among married women in rural areas in western Ethiopia
Authors: Beyene Tesfalidet , Melka Alemu Sufa , Yadecha Birhanu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Worldwide studies have shown that three-fourths of the total deaths during the neonatal period occur in the first week of the postnatal period. However, most of these deaths can be prevented with care during pregnancy, childbirth, and postnatal care. According to the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey report, 17% of women in Ethiopia had received postnatal care after childbirth. This study aimed to identify determinants of postnatal care service utilization among married women in rural areas in Western Ethiopia.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 798 women who had given birth in the past 2 years prior to the survey between 2 and 31 January 2015. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to determine factors affecting utilization of postnatal care. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the strength of the associations.

Results
The study showed that 188 (23.6%) women utilized postnatal care services during their last pregnancy. Women’s educational level (AOR = 3.29, 95%CI = 1.89–5.73), utilization of antenatal care (AOR = 2.07, 95%CI = 1.28–3.36), awareness on the advantage of postnatal care (AOR = 2.10, 95%CI = 1.41–3.13), and knowledge of at least one danger sign during the postnatal period (AOR = 3.04, 95%CI = 2.07–4.46) showed a significant positive association with the utilization of postnatal care.

Conclusion
Educating women and creating awareness of maternal health care services during pregnancy increase the utilization of postnatal care services. Health care professionals should provide information on the importance of postnatal care for pregnant women during antenatal care visits.
Incomplete faces are completed using a more average face
Authors: Kramer Robin S. S. , Jones Alex L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFacial first impressions are known to influence how we behave towards others. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we often view incomplete faces due to the commonplace wearing of face masks. Previous research has shown that perceptions of attractiveness are often increased due to these coverings, with initial evidence suggesting that this may be caused by viewers using a mental representation of the average face to complete any missing information. Here, we directly address this hypothesis by presenting participants with incomplete faces (either the lower or upper half removed) and asking them to decide how they thought the actual, full face looked. Participants were able to manipulate the missing half of the face onscreen by increasing or decreasing the averageness of its shape. Our results demonstrated that participants did not select the original versions of the faces but instead chose more average versions when manipulating both the lower and upper face. Further, the typicality of the original image influenced responses, with less typical faces (in comparison with more typical ones) being completed using an even more average version of the missing half of the faces. Taken together, these findings provide the first direct evidence that people utilise an average/typical internal representation when inferring information about incomplete faces. This result has theoretical importance in terms of visual perception, as well as real-world relevance in a time where face masks are commonplace due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conceptualization and content validation of the MEDication literacy assessment of geriatric patients and informal caregivers (MED-fLAG)
Authors: Gentizon Jenny , Fleury Mapi , Pilet Eric , Büla Christophe , Mabire Cedric 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The assessment of patients’ medication literacy skills (i.e., abilities to access, comprehend and interact with medication-related information) is an important step in assisting clinicians to plan for appropriate care. Despite several attempts by researchers to develop measures of medication literacy, an instrument tailored to the specific needs of older adults remains a significant shortfall. Therefore, an interprofessional team that included a citizen co-researcher conceptualized a new standardised measure of medication literacy—the MEDedication Literacy Assessment of Geriatric patients and informal caregivers (MED-fLAG). MED-fLAG was designed as a three-dimensional self-reported measure of functional, interactive and critical skills. This study describes the conceptualization process and provides the results of an evaluation of MED-fLAG’s content validity, acceptability, and feasibility during a hospital stay.

Methods
MED-fLAG was developed in accordance with the guidance on scale development and standards for good content validity, by using the following steps: (I) conceptualization of a provisional version of MED-fLAG; (II) iterative qualitative evaluation of its content validity by older adults, informal caregivers and healthcare professionals.

Results
The qualitative assessment of the initial 54-item MED-fLAG was conducted in 36 participants, namely 13 home-dwelling older adults and/or informal caregivers and 23 healthcare professionals. Six rounds of revisions were performed to achieve content validity and to propose a 56-item revised MED-fLAG. Participants reported benefits of using a standardized assessment of medication literacy during a hospital stay but warned about certain limitations and prerequisites. The extent to which MED-fLAG could be integrated into discharge planning needs to be further investigated.

Conclusions
MED-fLAG is the first medication literacy measure tailored to the specific needs of older patients and informal caregivers. A unique feature of this measure is that it includes prescribed and non-prescribed medications, irrespective of the galenic form. Additional studies are required to evaluate the other measurement properties of MED-fLAG, and to reduce the number of items before considering its clinical application.
Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm associated with infective endocarditis: an autopsy case report
Authors: Rahimi Razuin , Anuar Nur Shafaradila Shamsul , Kornain Noor Kaslina Mohd , Noor Norizal Mohd 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a bacterial infection of the heart valves or endocardium, with complications such as valve perforation, ring abscess, fistula, or damage to the subaortic structures. This case report aims to illustrate an atypical complication of IE which is a pseudoaneurysm depicting a periannular hemorrhage.

Case presentation
We describe a case of a 19-year-old male youth who presented with fever and cough a few days prior to his demise. There was no known risk factor for IE. The autopsy revealed a bulging anterior surface, upper part of the left ventricle which was soft and slightly fluctuant. Cut section of the heart revealed large vegetations affecting the right and left coronary cusps of the aortic valve. The vegetations at the left coronary cusp were mobile, with necrotic and hollow area underneath, appearing like a cavity and containing blood clots. The course of the cavity was determined to be at the periannular region and contained within the myocardium. These findings were consistent with left ventricular pseudoaneurysm. Culture of the vegetations specimen yielded growth of Granulicatella adiacens sp. anti-streptolysin O titre (ASOT) was 400 IU/mL and reported as positive.

Conclusions
IE secondary to Granulicatella sp is rare and may result in catastrophic complications. Therefore, this case report is intended to highlight the autopsy findings of the disease as well as to create awareness of its subtle clinical symptoms.
New records and an annotated checklist of the thick-headed flies from Algeria (Conopidae, Brachycera, Diptera)
Authors: El-Hawagry Magdi S. A. , Boulaouad Belkacem A. , Soliman Ahmed M. , Ebrahim Ayman M. , Al Dhafer Hathal M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The Conopidae are an interesting family of small- to large-sized endoparasitic flies, commonly known as thick-headed flies. These flies have been proposed as potential biological control agents of invasive social wasps (subfamilies: Polistinae and Vespinae, family: Vespidae).

Results
All known Algerian thick-headed flies (family Conopidae) are listed in the present study. Four subfamilies, nine genera and 23 species were treated. Three of these species are recorded herein from Algeria for the first time, namely Myopa pellucida (Robineau-Desvoidy), M. picta Panzer and Thecophora fulvipes (Robineau-Desvoidy). As far as they are known, Algerian localities and collection dates are provided, which comprise some new locality records. The data for this study were compiled from both available literature and material collected from some Algerian localities.

Conclusion
The family Conopidae (thick-headed flies) is hitherto represented in Algeria by four subfamilies, nine genera and 23 species. Three of these species are recorded herein for the first time.
Flow field reconstruction and shock train leading edge position detection of scramjet isolation section based on a small amount of CFD data
Authors: Chen Hao , Tian Ye , Guo Mingming , Le Jialing , Ji Yuan , Zhang Yi , Zhang Hua , Zhang Chenlin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractScramjet is the main power device of hypersonic vehicles. With the gradual expansion of wide velocity domain, shock wave/shock wave and shock wave/boundary layer are the main phenomena in scramjet isolator. When the leading edge of the shock train is pushed out from the inlet of the isolator, the engine will not start. Therefore, it is very important to detect the flow field structure in the isolator and the leading edge position of the shock train. The traditional shock train detection methods have low detection accuracy and slow detection speed. This paper describes a method based on deep learning to reconstruct the flow field in the isolator and detect the leading edge of the shock train. Under various back pressure conditions, the flow field images of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) data and the corresponding upper and lower wall pressure data were obtained, and a data set corresponding to pressure and flow field was constructed. By constructing and training convolutional neural networks, a mapping model with pressure information as input and flow field image as output is obtained, and then the leading edge position of shock train is detected on the output flow field image. The experimental results show that the average structure similarity (SSIM) between the reconstructed flow field image and the CFD flow field image is 0.902, the average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is 25.289, the average correlation coefficient (CORR) is 0.956, and the root mean square error of shock train leading edge detection is 3.28 mm. Moreover, if the total pressure input is appropriately reduced, the accuracy of flow field reconstruction does not decline significantly, which means that the model has a certain robustness. Finally, in order to improve the detection accuracy of the leading edge position, we fine tuned the model and obtained another detection method, which reduced the root mean square error of the detection results to 1.87 mm.
Impact of climate change-induced natural disasters on intangible cultural heritage related to food: a review
Authors: Dembedza Vimbainashe Prisca , Chopera Prosper , Mapara Jacob , Macheka Lesley 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe increased frequency of extreme climate-induced natural disasters (floods, cyclones, mud slides, heat waves, droughts), attributed to climate change, is causing stress to already vulnerable livelihoods by affecting both tangible and intangible cultural heritage (ICH) assets. There are limited studies that have established how the climate-induced disasters have impacted the ICH elements of food. As such, there is need to first establish the ICH elements or components of food and then how these ICH elements of food are being affected by climate change-induced disasters. This review was therefore aimed at identifying based on the literature the different ICH elements of food and how these can be affected by climate-induced disasters such as floods, cyclones, and droughts. This review paper shows that food is not only considered an ICH because of it being specific to a territory or ethnic group, but there are several dimensions or elements of food that makes it qualify as an ICH, which we grouped into six categories or domains. These domains of food as ICH are (i) food traditions and customs, (ii) food production, processing, and storage, (iii) dietary culture, (iv) eating and social practices, (v) culinary, and (vi) geographical indications. These ICH domains of food as ICH we created them based on the similarity of the different characteristics of the ICH elements are identified in the literature. This new insight is useful in assessing the impact of climate-induced natural disasters on intangible cultural heritage in food systems. More so, the identified categories of ICH elements of food can be viewed as constructs in a framework that can be used to assess the impact of climate-induced disasters on intangible cultural heritage in food systems and the ultimate impact on nutrition outcomes. Further research can be directed toward the development of a framework or tool to enable the assessment of the impact of climate-induced natural disasters on intangible cultural heritage in food systems.
Cardiac CT evaluation of left atrial diverticulum and accessory appendage
Authors: Şimşek Sadullah , Özmen Cihan Akgül , Kansu Yasemin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, location, size, and morphological features of the left atrial accessory appendage and diverticulum with cardiac computed tomography. Cardiac computed tomography obtained consecutively from 1415 patients with normal ECG findings during a 2-year period were analyzed. Left atrial appendage and diverticulum type, location, and size were recorded and analyzed according to age and gender.

Results
Cardiac computed tomography of 1415 (796 males and 619 females) participants aged 44.1 + 12.2 years old were re-evaluated, and 238 atrial diverticulum were found in 234 (16.5%) patients, accessory appendage in 93 (6.5%), and atrial diverticula and accessory appendage together in eight (0.56%) patients. The atrial diverticulum was most frequently observed in the anterosuperior localization (n = 157, 49.2%). One hundred and twenty-three (52%) of the atrial diverticulum were cystic, and 107 (45%) were tubular form. Accessory appendage was observed most frequently in the anterior superior location (n = 65, 20.4%).

Conclusions
The frequency of left atrial diverticulum was found to be 16%, and the frequency of accessory appendage was 6%, consistent with the majority of the literature. Left atrial diverticulum and accessory appendage were detected more frequently in men than in women. Cystic form is more common in left atrial diverticulum.
Computational modelling studies of some 1,3-thiazine derivatives as anti-influenza inhibitors targeting H1N1 neuraminidase via 2D-QSAR, 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, and ADMET predictions
Authors: Abdullahi Mustapha , Uzairu Adamu , Shallangwa Gideon Adamu , Mamza Paul Andrew , Ibrahim Muhammad Tukur 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundInfluenza virus disease remains one of the most contagious diseases that aided the deaths of many patients, especially in this COVID-19 pandemic era. Recent discoveries have shown that the high prevalence of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection can rapidly increase the death rate of patients. Hence, it became necessary to search for more potent inhibitors for influenza disease therapy. The present study utilized some computational modeling concepts such as 2D-QSAR, 3D-QSAR, molecular docking simulation, and ADMET predictions of some 1,3-thiazine derivatives as inhibitors of influenza neuraminidase (NA).ResultsThe 2D-QSAR modeling results showed GFA-MLR ($$R_{{\text{train }}}^{2}$$Rtrain2 = 0.9192,Q2 = 0.8767,R2adj = 0.8991, RMSE = 0.0959,$$R_{{{\text{test}}}}^{2}$$Rtest2 = 0.8943,$$R_{{{\text{pred}}}}^{2}$$Rpred2 = 0.7745) and GFA-ANN ($$R_{{\text{train }}}^{2}$$Rtrain2 = 0.9227,Q2 = 0.9212, RMSE = 0.0940,$$R_{{{\text{test}}}}^{2}$$Rtest2 = 0.8831,$$R_{{{\text{pred}}}}^{2}$$Rpred2 = 0.7763) models with the computed descriptors as ATS7s, SpMax5_Bhv, nHBint6, and TDB9m for predicting the NA inhibitory activities of compounds which have passed the global criteria of accepting QSAR model. The 3D-QSAR modeling was carried out based on the comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA). The CoMFA_ES ($$R_{{\text{train }}}^{2}$$Rtrain2 = 0.9620,Q2 = 0.643) and CoMSIA_SED ($$R_{{\text{train }}}^{2}$$Rtrain2 = 0.8770,Q2 = 0.702) models were found to also have good and reliable predicting ability. The compounds were also virtually screened based on their binding scores via molecular docking simulations with the active site of the NA (H1N1) target receptor which also confirms their resilient potency. Four potential lead compounds (4, 7, 14, and 15) with the relatively high inhibitory rate (> 50%) and docking (> − 6.3 kcal/mol) scores were identified as the possible lead candidates for in silico exploration of improved anti-influenza agents.ConclusionThe drug-likeness and ADMET predictions of the lead compounds revealed non-violation of Lipinski’s rule and good pharmacokinetic profiles as important guidelines for rational drug design. Hence, the outcome of this research set a course for the in silico design and exploration of novel NA inhibitors with improved potency.
Design of hexagonal chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber with ultra-flattened dispersion in mid-infrared wavelength spectrum
Authors: James Raja S , Jose Tony , Charlcedony R , Sam Paul M , Chakravarthi R 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the last few decades, silica-based photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have been the subject of extensive research. Traditional silica-based PCFs, however, experience considerable propagation loss when used beyond 3000 nm. On the other hand, soft glasses, notably tellurite, fluoride, and chalcogenide glasses, offer exceptional optical transparency in the mid-IR wavelength region and are a desirable replacement for silica in MIR applications. A comprehensive investigation of chromatic dispersion properties in the hexagonal chalcogenide photonic crystal fibers is presented. The dependency of fiber dispersion on the structural parameters of photonic crystal fibers is thoroughly described in this study. Utilizing the interaction between material and geometrical dispersion, we were able to develop a well-defined framework for making specific predefined dispersion curves. In the mid-infrared wavelength spectrum, we are concerned with flattened, if not ultra-flattened, dispersion behaviors. In the wavelength range of 3500–6500 nm, the hexagonal chalcogenide microstructured fiber was engineered to achieve a typical dispersion profile flattened to within −3.41 to 9.5 ps/[nm–km] for the six-ring structure and −3.91 to 8.17 ps/[nm–km] for the four-ring structure. This proposed chalcogenide PCF can be used for soliton generation, gas sensing, biomedical imaging, supercontinuum generation, and long-distance high-speed communication applications in the mid-infrared wavelength range due to its nearly zero ultra-flattened dispersion characteristics.
Differences in associations between family functioning and anxious and depressive symptoms in Chinese women and their partners in early pregnancy
Authors: Qin Xuemei , Xu Shuyin , Ma Mohan , Fan Xing , Nie Xueqing , Zhang Yan , Liu Bangshan , Li Lingjiang 
Published: August 2022

Background
Family functioning is associated with anxiety and depression. Perinatal depression and anxiety are common and influence the well-being of women, partners and their offspring. However, little is known about differences in associations between family functioning and mood symptoms in women and their partners in early pregnancy.

Aims
Investigating differences in associations between family functioning and anxious and depressive symptoms in women and their partners in early pregnancy.

Method
In total, 171 woman–partner pairs were enrolled. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item scale (GAD-7) and Family Assessment Device (FAD) were performed. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were applied to investigate the associations.

Results
In pregnant women, all the subscale scores on the FAD were correlated with total scores on the EPDS and GAD-7 (all P < 0.05), whereas only the Roles subscale showed a predicting effect in regression models (P < 0.01). In partners, all the subscale scores on the FAD were related to total scores on the PHQ-9 (all P < 0.05), whereas only the Problem Solving subscale showed a predicting effect (P = 0.029).

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that family functioning in the domain of roles is associated with anxious and depressive symptoms in pregnant women and functioning in the domain of problem solving is associated with depressive symptoms in partners. Clinicians should pay special attention to roles and problem solving when assessing mood symptoms in pregnant women and their partners. This study also provides a basis for family health education in early pregnancy.