bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlling Global Statistics in Recurrent Neural Network Text Generation
Authors: Noraset Thanapon , Demeter David , Downey Doug 
Published: November 2022

Recurrent neural network language models (RNNLMs) are an essential component for many language generation tasks such as machine translation, summarization, and automated conversation. Often, we would like to subject the text generated by the RNNLM to constraints, in order to overcome systemic errors (e.g. word repetition) or achieve application-specific goals (e.g. more positive sentiment). In this paper, we present a method for training RNNLMs to simultaneously optimize likelihood and follow a given set of statistical constraints on text generation. The problem is challenging because the statistical constraints are defined over aggregate model behavior, rather than model parameters, meaning that a straightforward parameter regularization approach is insufficient. We solve this problem using a dynamic regularizer that updates as training proceeds, based on the generative behavior of the RNNLMs. Our experiments show that the dynamic regularizer outperforms both generic training and a static regularization baseline. The approach is successful at improving word-level repetition statistics by a factor of four in RNNLMs on a definition modeling task. It also improves model perplexity when the statistical constraints are $n$-gram statistics taken from a large corpus.
Factores asociados a la percepción del estado de salud en habitantes de calle de Medellín
Authors: Peñata Bedoya Carlos Adrián , Berbesí Fernández Dedsy , Segura Cardona Ángela María 
Published: November 2022

Objetivos: Describir la percepción del estado de salud de un grupo de habitantes de calle y establecer posibles factores asociados con la salud percibida. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cross-sectional. Se obtuvo información sobre características del contexto demográfico, social, económico, comportamientos de riesgo, y la percepción de salud de los habitantes de calle. El análisis incluyó descripciones demográficas de la población, asociaciones bivariadas y una regresión explicativa de tipo multinomial. Esta investigación se llevó a cabo en el segundo semestre de 2014 en la ciudad de Medellín Colombia. Resultados: 338 habitantes de calle participaron del estudio, de los cuales, el 82% fueron de sexo masculino, un promedio de edad de 40,3±11,5 años y un predominio de estado civil soltero del 71,3%. Cuando presentaron problemas de salud, el 31,5% consultaron; el 17,5% manifestaron sentir un estado de salud empeorado y el 34% una percepción mejor. Conclusiones: Un peor estado de salud se asoció con: mendicidad, haber padecido ITS, consumir alcohol, lesiones por accidente o violencia y dolor físico o malestar no especificado; no saber el tipo de vinculación al sistema de salud fue común para ambos.
Seismogenic Structure and Tectonic Mechanism of the 2021 Mw 5.0 Yancheng Earthquake in the South Yellow Sea Basin, East Asia
Authors: Hu Panpan , Yang Xiaodong , Yang Fengli , Zhang Jinchang , Zhou Zhiyuan , Dong Ruowen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOn 17 November 2021, a moment magnitude (Mw) 5.0 earthquake occurred off the Yancheng city in the South Yellow Sea. This earthquake has caused ground motions and been felt by people in a few megacities in east China, for example, Shanghai, Nanjing. However, due to limited seismic data, the focal fault and mechanism of this earthquake remain unknown. Here, we combine the seismic profiles, seismicity, focal mechanism, well data with regional tectonics to investigate the seismotectonics of this event and the possible role of fluid migration in triggering the earthquake. Our new results suggest that two sets of preexisting strike-slip faults were developed near the epicenter of the Yancheng earthquake, including the north–northeast-trending fault F1, the North Wunansha fault, and the northwest-trending fault F5. These preexisting faults have been reactivated entirely or partly with dextral and sinistral motions during the Miocene to Quaternary. Fault F1 runs through the epicenter of the Yancheng earthquake and is therefore interpreted to be the seismogenic fault. Various igneous complexes and associated hydrothermal vent complexes have been identified in the vicinity of the reactivated fault F1 and other strike-slip faults. Combined with the published igneous rock ages from nearby region, the igneous and hydrothermal activities were suggested to be continue until the Miocene and Quaternary, which are coincident with the reactivation of the preexisting strike-slip faults. The reactivation of the preexisting fault, and igneous and associated hydrothermal activities were suggested to be caused by the subduction of Pacific and Philippine Sea plates and collision of India and Eurasia plate. The hydrothermal fluids may have migrated through the preexisting fault F1 and other strike-slip faults, which enhanced the reactivation of these faults and in turn promoted the fault slip, eventually triggering the Yancheng earthquake and other historical events in the study area.
Multi-channel estimation of time residuals from broadband seismic data using multi-wavelets
Authors: Bear Lorie K. , Pavlis Gary L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe describe a new multi-channel procedure for estimating arrival time residuals from seismic array data. It incorporates aspects of three traditional array processing methods: frequency-domain beamforming, time-domain beamforming, and principal-component analysis. We start by applying the multi-wavelet transform to the data, which yields a suite of narrow-band seismograms. We use the multi-wavelet transform, instead of the windowed Fourier transform, for superior control over both the time and frequency resolution. We employ a beamforming procedure that uses principal component analysis on the transformed, time-aligned data. The values in the principal component vector and value pair are used to calculate a measure of coherence analogous to semblance. A measure of the misfit of the data to our plane-wave model is contained in the phase differences in the principal component vector. The phase differences can be converted directly to time residuals, but they are only resolvable to a fraction of the analyzing wavelength. Hence, our method is a staged process that moves from lower to higher analyzing frequency bands. We present two data examples that illustrate the wide range of spatial and temporal scales over which this approach can be applied. First, we determine time residuals for the deep-focus Bolivian earthquake of 1994 for a set of broadband stations spread over most of southern California. The time residuals had a range of 2 sec, and after their removal, we were able to stack the data to over 1.0 Hz. Second, we study a local event recorded by high-frequency sensors at an array in Turkmenistan with an aperture of less than 1 km. We found that the time residuals only had a range of 0.02 sec, but by removing them, we significantly improved the stack of the data for the arrival's dominant frequency.
Seismicity and stress-tensor inversion in the central Washington Cascade Mountains
Authors: Giampiccolo Elisabetta , Musumeci Carla , Malone Stephen D. , Gresta Stefano , Privitera Eugenio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTectonic stress in the Pacific Northwest Washington is dominated by a N-S major compressive axis, σ1, and a minor compressive axis, σ3, which varies from E-W to near vertical. Some variations in this pattern occur in different parts of the region. In this study, we used 550 earthquakes in the central Washington Cascade Mountains to study, in detail, the uniformity of the stress tensor in this volcanic arc. Earthquakes from the Pacific Northwest Seismograph Network (PNSN) catalog were divided into several subsets based on epicentral and depth groupings, and stress-tensor inversions using the Gephart and Forsyth technique were computed for each group. As in previous similar studies, the maximum compressive stress axis, σ1, is nearly horizontal and trending N-S to NNE-SSW in all but one subset. Shallower events directly under Mount Rainier have a near-vertical σ1. For other subsets, the minimum compressive stress axis, σ3, deviates from vertical to horizontal for different groups of events. In particular, events in the depth range of 10 to 14 km in the western Rainier seismic zone (WRSZ) have near-vertical σ3 direction, whereas other depth ranges in this area show a near-horizontal, E-W σ3 orientation. We hypothesize that the change in orientation of σ3 in the 10 to 14 km depth range in the WRSZ may be due to the influence of the nearby Mount Rainier magmatic system. Independent evidence for magma at this depth comes in the form of a few deep long-period (LP) events.
Ccq1 restrains Mre11-mediated degradation of telomere-repeat capped ends.
Authors: Audry Julien , Runge Kurt 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Telomeres cap chromosome ends and are distinguished from DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by means of a specialized chromatin composed of DNA repeats bound by a multiprotein complex called shelterin. We developed a Schizosaccharomyces pombe model system that cuts a “proto-telomere” bearing 48 bp of telomere repeats to rapidly form a new stable chromosomal end, in contrast to the rapid degradation seen at a control DSB. This end-protection was investigated in viable mutants lacking telomere-associated proteins. Telomerase, the shelterin components Taz1, Rap1, or Poz1 or the telomere-associated protein Rif1 were not required to form a stable chromosome end after proto-telomere cleavage. However, cells that lack the fission yeast shelterin component Ccq1, or were impaired in recruiting Ccq1 to the telomere, converted the cleaved telomere repeat-capped end to a rapidly degraded DSB. Degradation in cells lacking Ccq1 was greatly reduced by either eliminating Mre11, a component of the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1/Xrs2 complex that processes DSBs, or using a nuclease-defective Mre11 mutant. These results demonstrate a novel function for S. pombe Ccq1 to effect end-protection by restraining Mre11-dependent degradation of the DNA end.
Migration, accumulation and risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in soil-plant (shrub and herbage) systems at typical polymetallic mines in Northwest China
Authors: Yang Qianfang , Wang Shengli , Nan Zhongren 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In grassland systems of the semi-arid mining area, migration, accumulation and bioavailability of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are important ecological and health risk issues. 38 pairs of topsoil (0–20 cm) and plant samples were collected around Baiyin city and in Dongdagou stream valley to investigate the migration of PTEs in soils, transfer of PTEs in soil-plant (shrub and herbage) systems and assess the risk in soils and plants. The total concentrations of PTE (Hg, As, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) were analyzed following digestion in mixture acid solution and bioavailable PTE was extracted with a strong chelating agent (DTPA-TEA-CaCl2). The transfer factor (TF) and bioaccumulation factor (BCF) were calculated to examine the migration of PTEs in soil-plant. Hazard quotient (HQ) and total hazard index (THI) were calculated to assess the risk and migration of PTEs in soils. The results showed that PTEs in soils and plants of study area exceeded the soil background value and Hygienic Standard for Feeds. Correlation among the total Hg, As, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in soils of Dongdagou stream valley were significant at p < 0.01. A good correlation was exhibited between PTEs in root/aboveground parts of plants and DTPA-soil extractable. Difference of TF and BCF were existed between Dongdagou stream valley and around Baiyin city. Hg, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were mainly accumulated in soils near the mining area. The calculated THI was exceeded 1, and As and Pb were the major risk factors. The ability to absorb and transfer Hg, As, Cu and Pb of plants was lower in more serious polluted area. As had a stronger migration capacity in study area. PTEs in soils had an adverse health effect for residents and PTEs in plants may cause toxicity to cattle and sheep.
Efficient identification of palatability-related genes using QTL mapping in rice breeding
Authors: Jang Yoon-Hee , Park Jae-Ryoung , Kim Eun-Gyeong , Jan Rahmatullah , Asif Saleem , Farooq Muhammad , Zhao Dan-Dan , Kim Kyung-Min 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The gelatinization temperature of rice is an important factor in determining the eating and cooking quality, and it affects consumer preference. The alkali digestion value (ADV) is one of the main methods used to test the quality of rice and has a high correlation with the gelatinization temperature. For the development of high-quality rice, it is important to understand the genetic basis of palatability-related traits, and QTL analysis is a statistical method linking phenotypic data and genotype data, and is an effective method to explain the genetic basis of variation in complex traits. QTL mapping related to ADV of brown and milled rice was performed using the 120 Cheongcheong/Nagdong double haploid (CNDH) line. As a result, 12 QTLs related to ADV were detected, and 20 candidate genes were selected from the RM588–RM1163 region of chromosome 6 through screening by gene function analysis. The comparison of the relative expression level of candidate genes showed that OsSS1q6 is highly expressed in CNDH lines with high ADV in both brown rice and milled rice. In addition, OsSS1q6 has high homology with starch synthase 1 protein, and interact with various starch biosynthesis-related proteins, such as GBSSII, SBE, and APL. Therefore, we suggest that OsSS1q6 identified through QTL mapping could be one of the various genes involved in the gelatinization temperature of rice by regulating starch biosynthesis. This study can be used as basic data for breeding high-quality rice and provides a new genetic resource that can increase the palatability of rice.
A study to examine the ageing behaviour of cold plasma-treated agricultural seeds
Authors: Ahmed Naeem , Siow Kim S. , Wee M.F. Mohd Razip , Patra Anuttam 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Cold plasma (low pressure) technology has been effectively used to boost the germination and growth of various crops in recent decades. The durability of these plasma-treated seeds is essential because of the need to store and distribute the seeds at different locations. However, these ageing effects are often not ascertained and reported because germination and related tests are carried out within a short time of plasma-treatment. This research aims to fill that knowledge gap by subjecting three different types of seeds (and monomers): Bambara groundnuts (water), chilli (oxygen), and papaya (oxygen) to cold plasma-treatment. Common mechanisms found for these diverse seed types and treatment conditions were the physical and chemical changes induced by the physical etching and the cold plasma on the seeds and subsequent oxidation, which promoted germination and growth. The high glass transition of the lignin-cellulose prevented any physical restructuring of the surfaces while maintaining the chemical changes to continue to promote the seeds\ germination and growth. These changes were monitored over 60 days of ageing using contact angle, water uptake, electrical conductivity, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The vacuum effect was also investigated to separate its effect from cold plasma (low pressure). This result provides a framework, understanding and confidence for anyone to scale up these low-pressure plasma; as well as later store and distribute the seeds to different locations for germination and growth.
Fibronectin Type III Domain Containing 5 Contributes to Nab-paclitaxel Chemoresistance by Promoting Autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Zhou Yinji , Pang Jinzhong , Liu Huayuan , Cui Weidong , Cao Jingyu , Shi Guangjun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance is a huge challenge in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma because resistance to nab-paclitaxel largely affects the efficacy of chemotherapy. An increased expression of fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) in hepatocellular carcinoma cells can predict post-hepatectomy complications in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and also stimulate proliferation and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells; however, its role in the chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma cells has never been evaluated. Thus, this study aimed to explore whether FNDC5 regulates chemoresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. We identified by immunohistochemistry that hepatocellular carcinoma tissues had a higher FNDC5 expression than normal tissues adjacent to the cancer cells. Subsequently, knockdown of FNDC5 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells resulted in their diminished resistance to cell death after chemotherapy with nab-paclitaxel. By contrast, overexpression of FNDC5 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells increased the resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to treatment. Moreover, FNDC5 mechanistically promoted autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby reducing cell death induced by nab-paclitaxel. Finally, we tested our hypothesis by conducting animal experiments. In conclusion, FNDC5 could be used as a biomarker for predicting chemotherapeutic efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with nab-paclitaxel chemotherapy, and as a therapeutic target to overcome resistance to nab-paclitaxel in hepatocellular carcinoma chemotherapy.
Cantor Diagonal Method and the Continuum Hypothesis
Authors: KUNT İBRAHİM 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Using the relationship between the ordinal number \(\omega\) and the Cantor Diagonal Method, I study the cardinality of the digits of real numbers in a defined range. Using the results I have reached, I show the value of \(\left|\omega +1\right|\) in the ZF¬C system, and I present some conclusions regarding the Continuum Hypothesis through these results.
The challenges in protecting public health interests in multisectoral governance in the context of small island developing states. The case of tobacco control in Fiji and Vanuatu.
Authors: Patay Dori , Schram Ashley , Friel Sharon 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The commercial determinants of health (CDoH) drive the rise of NCDs globally, and their regulation requires multisectoral governance. However, the elevation of public health interests can be challenging amidst conflicting policy priorities, particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) where the need for rapid economic development is pronounced. Small island developing states (SIDS) face even more challenges in regulating CDoH, due to their unique socioeconomic, political, and geographic conditions – often called SIDS vulnerabilities – that set them apart from other LMICs. This study aims to explore the institutional conditions that shape health sector actors’ capability to protect public health interests in multisectoral governance, focusing on tobacco control in Fiji and Vanuatu.
Methods
We employed a qualitative, exploratory case study design. We applied the administrative process theory to inform data collection and analysis. Seventy interviews were completed in Fiji and Vanuatu from 2018 to 2019.
Results
The findings show that the protection of health interests in tobacco governance is not supported by the institutional conditions in Fiji and Vanuatu. While the policy processes formally ensure a level playing field between actors, policies are often developed through informal mechanisms, and the safeguards to protect public interests from vested private interests are not implemented adequately. SIDS vulnerabilities and weak regulation of political parties contribute to the politicisation of government in both states, resulting in high-level government officials’ questionable “public-interestedness”. The system of checks and balances usually embedded into democratic governments appears to be muted, and policy makers have limited bureaucratic autonomy to elevate health interests in multisectoral policy making amidst high-level government officials’ frequent rotation. Finally, capacity constraints aggravated by SIDS vulnerabilities negatively impact health sector actors' capability to analyse policy alternatives.
Conclusions
Health sector actors in Fiji and Vanuatu are not supported by institutional conditions that could help them protect public health interests in multisectoral governance, to regulate CDoH originating from the tobacco industry. Institutional conditions in these states are shaped by SIDS vulnerabilities but could be improved by targeted capacity building, governance and political system strengthening.
Ocean warming and acidification affect the transitional element and macromolecular accumulation in harmful raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo
Authors: Thanagaraj Satheeswaran , Sun Jun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Despite ocean warming and acidification being expected to increase the harmful algal species worldwide, the raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo is reported to have decreased. However, it is unknown on the transitional scale how this species physically and metabolically modifies its elements, and macromolecular accumulation leads to such condition. With 1st,10th, and 20th culture generation under present (21℃; pCO2 400ppm [LTLC]) and projected (25℃; pCO2 1000ppm [HTHC]) ocean conditions we examined these elemental and macromolecular changes along with transcriptome sequencing. Results showed that compared to HTHC (1st generation), the (20th generation) cells showed large decreases in carbon (QC:40%), nitrogen (QN:36%), and phosphorus-quotas (QP:43%), reflected in their reduction of overall DNA and RNA quantity. Decreased metabolic pathways in photosynthesis, carbon fixation, and lipid accumulation were coincident with changes in photosynthetic efficiency, carbon, and lipid quantity with long-term (20th generation) exposure to HTHC conditions. We observed that these variations of internal metabolic changes are caused by external changes in temperature by activating the (Ca+) signaling pathway and external changes in pCO2 by altering the (proton exchange) pathways. Our results suggest that H. akashiwo in the future ocean will undergo severe changes in its elemental and macromolecular properties, leading to programmed cell death.
Seismic Response of Open Ground Multi-Storey Building Retrofitted with Infill Wall, Shear Wall and Steel Bracing.
Authors: Kanake Sushant , Dongre Archanaa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Most of recent constructed buildings have a common feature, the ground storey remains open, and there are no partition walls in ground storey. It is highly flexible in the ground storey, the relative horizontal displacement in the ground storey is much higher than what each of the storeys above it has. This highly flexible ground storey is also called soft storey. Soft storey (relatively weak ground storey) building shows a higher chance of collapsing during earthquake because of flexibility. The total horizontal force in ground storey is much higher than its upper storeys. Higher flexibility directly results in higher displacement in lower floors of such framed buildings. In such buildings due to open storey the moments & shear force in columns is on higher side as compared to other framed buildings. As the study suggest it is highly risky and need at most care in designing such buildings with open ground storey. For all the new RC frame buildings it is recommended that there should be no such sudden reduction in stiffness.4 To reduce such effect it is recommended to have masonry walls or RC shear walls in ground storey. Infill helps in achieving a more flexible structure, and gives a strut like action between columns and beams (force is transferred from one node to another). In the present study the high rise building is studied by considering presence of infill walls and shear wall. The response spectrum analysis is performed for building with infill arrangement and RC shear wall on open ground storey.1