bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shedding light on motor premanifest myotonic dystrophy type 1: A molecular, muscular and central nervous system follow‐up study
Authors: Garmendia Joana , Labayru Garazi , Zulaica Miren , Villanúa Jorge , López de Munain Adolfo , Sistiaga Andone 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeMyotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a hereditary and multisystemic disease that is characterized by heterogeneous manifestations. Although muscular impairment is central to DM1, a premanifest DM1 form has been proposed for those characterized by the absence of muscle signs in precursory phases. Nevertheless, subtle signs and/or symptoms related to other systems, such as the central nervous system (CNS), may emerge and progress gradually. This study aimed to validate the premanifest DM1 concept and to characterize and track affected individuals from a CNS centred perspective.MethodsRetrospective data of 120 participants (23 premanifest DM1, 25 manifest DM1 and 72 healthy controls) were analysed transversally and longitudinally (over 11.17 years). Compiled data included clinical, neuropsychological and neuroradiological (brain volume and white matter lesion, WML) measures taken at two time points.ResultsManifest DM1 showed significantly more molecular affectation, worse performance on neuropsychological domains, lower grey and white matter volumes and a different pattern of WMLs than premanifest DM1. The latter was slightly different from healthy controls regarding brain volume and WMLs. Additionally, daytime sleepiness and molecular expansion size explained 50% of the variance of the muscular deterioration at follow‐up in premanifest individuals.ConclusionsPremanifest DM1 individuals showed subtle neuroradiological alterations, which suggests CNS involvement early in the disease. Based on follow‐up data, a debate emerges around the existence of a ‘non‐muscular DM1’ subtype and/or a premanifest phase, as a precursory stage to other DM1 manifestations.
Ischaemic stroke in South Asians: The BRAINS study
Authors: Aurelius Taylor , Maheshwari Ankita , Ken‐Dror Gie , Sharma Sapna D. , Amlani Sageet , Gunathilagan Gunaratnam , Cohen David L. , Rajkumar Chakravarthi , Maguire Stuart , Ispoglou Sissi , Balogun Ibrahim , Parry Anthea , Sekaran Lakshmanan , Syed Hafiz , Lawrence Enas , Singh Ravneeta , Hassan Ahamad , Wharton Chris , Javaid Khalid , Goorah Neetish , Carr Peter , Sami Eman Abdus , Sharma Shri Ram , Sylaja Padmavathy N. , Prasad Kameshwar , Sharma Pankaj ,   the BRAINS collaborators
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeStudies on stroke in South Asian populations are sparse. The aim of this study was to compare differences in age of onset of ischaemic stroke in South Asian patients living in the United Kingdom and South Asian patients living in India versus White British stroke patients.MethodsWe studied the UK and Indian arms of the ongoing BRAINS study, an international prospective hospital‐based study of South Asian stroke patients. The BRAINS study includes 4038 South Asian and White British patients with first‐ever ischaemic stroke, recruited from sites in the United Kingdom and India.ResultsOf the included patients, 1126 were South Asians living in India (ISA), while 1176 were British South Asian (BSA) and 1736 were White British (WB) UK residents. Patients in the ISA and BSA groups experienced stroke 19.5 years and 7.2 years earlier than their WB counterparts, respectively (mean [interquartile range] age: BSA 64.3 [22] years vs. ISA 52.0 [18] years vs. WB 71.5 [19] years; p < 0.001). Patients in the BSA group had higher rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolaemia than those in the ISA and WB groups. After adjustment for traditional stroke risk factors, an earlier age of stroke onset of 18.9 years (p < 0.001) and 8.9 years (p < 0.001) was still observed in the ISA and BSA groups, respectively. In multivariable stepwise linear regression analysis, ethnicity accounted for 24.7% of the variance in early age onset.ConclusionPatients in the BSA and ISA groups experienced ischaemic stroke approximately 9 and 19 years earlier, respectively, than their WB counterparts. Ethnicity is an independent predictor of early age of stroke onset. Our study has considerable implications for public health policymakers in countries with sizable South Asian populations.
Creation of salpingopharyngeal fistulae for the management of guttural pouch tympany and persistent guttural pouch empyema
Authors: Barakzai Safia Z. , Macaulay Ewan , Burrows Imogen L. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryCase 1, Guttural pouch tympanyAn 8‐month‐old Arabian filly presented with a history of longstanding bilateral fluctuant parotid region swelling and acute onset dyspnoea, tachypnoea, inspiratory stridor and right mucopurulent nasal discharge. Endoscopy and drainage (mucopus from the right, air from the left) of the GPs resulted in temporary reduction in the bilateral parotid region swelling. Marked dyspnoea recurred 48 h later, with accompanying external GP distention. A diagnosis of bilateral (R > L) GP tympany with secondary guttural pouch empyema of the right GP was therefore made. An indwelling Foley catheter was positioned in the right GP, but the filly dislodged the catheter daily and after 5 days, surgery was performed.Case 2, Persistent guttural pouch empyemaAn 18‐year‐old pony gelding had chondroids found in the right GP 6 months previously and was diagnosed with a ‘strangles’ (Streptococcus equi var. equi) infection. Over subsequent months, multiple medical and surgical treatments were attempted but empyema kept recurring. After 6 months, it became difficult to introduce an endoscope into the right pouch, due to stenosis of the auditory tube. A laser salpingopharyngostomy procedure was recommended.Both horses underwent endoscopically guided salpingopharyngeal fistulation in the midline dorsal nasopharyngeal recess using a diode laser under standing sedation after topical application of local anaesthetic. A fistula approximately 1.5 × 2 cm was created (Figure 1) and then the median septum between the left and right pouches was resected caudally with the laser creating a large fenestration between the two pouches. No complications of surgery occurred.In Case 1, external GP distension resolved immediately following surgery. Re‐examination at 6 weeks post‐operatively showed continued patency of the fistula and resolution of secondary empyema. The foal remained asymptomatic thereafter until it was lost to follow‐up.Case 2 had resolution of nasal discharge. A final follow‐up endoscopy 3 months post‐operatively revealed both pouches to be clear, and the salpingopharyngeal fistula to still be patent. Telephone follow‐up 6 months post‐surgery revealed that the pony had no recurrence of clinical signs.
Skin lightness affects ultraviolet A‐induced oxidative stress: Evaluation using ultraweak photon emission measurement
Authors: Tsuchida Katsuhiko , Sakiyama Natsuki , Ogura Yuki , Kobayashi Masaki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe human skin is usually exposed to ultraviolet A (UVA) in the sunlight and experiences oxidative stress associated with skin disorders and aging. Although oxidative stress caused by UVA exposure is assumed to be dependent on skin colour, few studies have demonstrated this dependency. We investigated the effects of skin colour on UVA‐induced oxidative stress using ultraweak photon emission (UPE) generated from the skin during oxidation processes. The UPE intensities of skin samples were detected using a photomultiplier tube every second without any labelling. We irradiated skin tissue of different colours with UVA and measured UPE over time. UVA‐induced UPE could be detected from immediately after irradiation to 2 h after irradiation, indicating persistent oxidative stress. Skin lightness (L*) positively correlates with UPE intensity. Lighter‐coloured skin exhibited more UVA‐induced UPE, indicating higher oxidative stress. Additionally, oxidative stress persisted significantly more in lighter skin compared with darker skin. Skin tissues exhibited pigment darkening after UVA irradiation. Our results suggest that skin lightness affects oxidative stress induced by UV irradiation. Our study demonstrated the relationship between skin lightness and UVA‐induced oxidative stress for the first time and offers new photodermatological insights into the human skin.
A text matching model based on dynamic multi‐mask and augmented adversarial
Authors: Zhong Lin , Zeng Jun , Yu Yang , Tao Hongjin , Jiang Wenying , Cheng Luxi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe text matching is a basic task of NLP and is important for tasks such as text retrieval, question answering, and so forth. The development of pre‐trained language models has promoted the progress of text matching tasks. However, due to the natural particularity of Chinese characters and expressions, the Chinese text matching tasks still have problems such as word segmentation difficulty, serious semantic loss, and model instability. In this paper, we propose the DAINet model, which includes DMM, AA and IO modules. We use the Dynamic Multi‐Mask module (DMM) to enhance the completeness of word segmentation. Then we use the Augmented Adversarial module (AA) to further extraction of semantic information. Finally, we use the Integrated Output module (IO) for a more stable output. We conducted experiments on LCQMC, BQ and Xiaobu datasets and compared the results with seven strong baseline models. The results showed that DAINet model made great improvement, including improving ACC value of BQ dataset to , AUC value to , ACC value of LCQMC dataset to and AUC value to . The ACC value of Xiaobu dataset was improved to and the AUC value was improved to . Further ablation experiment results show that the proposed DMM, AA and IO modules have good adaptability and improvement over existing models.
Experimental study on the verification of adequate fatigue test specimen size of U‐rib‐to‐deck joints in orthotropic steel bridge decks
Authors: Yang Haibo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, the distribution of residual stress of the substructure model and small coupon specimens in orthotropic steel bridge structures is experimentally and numerically investigated to validate adequate specimen sizes. Blind‐hole drilling and X‐ray diffraction methods are used to capture longitudinal and transverse residual stresses and evaluate the effects of the cutting process. The maximum LRS and TRS were reduced by 16.6% and 15.6% from those that existed before cutting, verifying the proper size of small voucher specimens. The width‐to‐thickness ratio of 6–6.25 of small coupon specimens has proven sufficient to capture the effects of stress triaxiality induced by the residual stress. In the spirit of master S‐N curves in ASME standard, the role of residual stress was represented in the fatigue process and does not be additionally taken into account when predicting the fatigue performances of welded structures using prediction methods based on the S‐N curves.
A warmer environment can reduce sociability in an ectotherm
Authors: Pilakouta Natalie , O'Donnell Patrick J. , Crespel Amélie , Levet Marie , Claireaux Marion , Humble Joseph L. , Kristjánsson Bjarni K. , Skúlason Skúli , Lindström Jan , Metcalfe Neil B. , Killen Shaun S. , Parsons Kevin J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe costs and benefits of being social vary with environmental conditions, so individuals must weigh the balance between these trade‐offs in response to changes in the environment. Temperature is a salient environmental factor that may play a key role in altering the costs and benefits of sociality through its effects on food availability, predator abundance, and other ecological parameters. In ectotherms, changes in temperature also have direct effects on physiological traits linked to social behaviour, such as metabolic rate and locomotor performance. In light of climate change, it is therefore important to understand the potential effects of temperature on sociality. Here, we took the advantage of a ‘natural experiment’ of threespine sticklebacks from contrasting thermal environments in Iceland: geothermally warmed water bodies (warm habitats) and adjacent ambient‐temperature water bodies (cold habitats) that were either linked (sympatric) or physically distinct (allopatric). We first measured the sociability of wild‐caught adult fish from warm and cold habitats after acclimation to a low and a high temperature. At both acclimation temperatures, fish from the allopatric warm habitat were less social than those from the allopatric cold habitat, whereas fish from sympatric warm and cold habitats showed no differences in sociability. To determine whether differences in sociability between thermal habitats in the allopatric population were heritable, we used a common garden breeding design where individuals from the warm and the cold habitat were reared at a low or high temperature for two generations. We found that sociability was indeed heritable but also influenced by rearing temperature, suggesting that thermal conditions during early life can play an important role in influencing social behaviour in adulthood. By providing the first evidence for a causal effect of rearing temperature on social behaviour, our study provides novel insights into how a warming world may influence sociality in animal populations.
An automatic peak deconvolution method for Raman spectra of terrestrial carbonaceous material for application to the geothermometers of Kouketsu et al. (2014)
Authors: Kaneki Shunya , Kouketsu Yui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCarbonaceous material undergoes changes in its maturity mainly in response to its thermal history. Among the various geothermometers based on Raman spectra of carbonaceous material, those proposed by Kouketsu et al. (2014) have been employed to investigate the temperatures experienced by terrestrial rocks that undergo low‐ to medium‐grade metamorphism. Although their geothermometers use spectral parameters that can be determined only by peak deconvolution, criteria for setting the initial conditions for nonlinear least‐squares fitting have not been specified, which may generate unnecessary errors in the estimated temperatures owing to differences in fitting results among data analysts. To address this issue, we developed a code that automatically calculates the parameters required for the geothermometers of Kouketsu et al. (2014); that is, the widths of the D1‐ and D2‐bands. Our code yields parameter values consistent with those of Kouketsu et al. (2014) for the same Raman data and is applicable to datasets other than those used to develop it. The geothermometers based on the obtained results show a comparable performance to Kouketsu et al. (2014). Errors in the estimated temperatures caused by variation in Raman systems and the subjective selection of the fitting method are smaller than the uncertainties of the geothermometer itself, so long as the temperature is calculated by following the procedures of the present study. Although this study focused only on geothermometers that require peak deconvolution, the development of those based on fitting‐free Raman parameters and on the reaction kinetics of carbonaceous material should be investigated in future studies.
Advanced ceramics and coatings for erosion‐related applications in mineral and oil and gas production: A technical review
Authors: Medvedovski Eugene 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe applications of advanced ceramics, composites and coatings in mineral, mining, fuel production, and processing are reviewed. The materials include oxide and non‐oxide ceramics (specifically SiC‐based), ceramic–ceramic, and ceramic–metal composites, coatings on metallic components where functional application properties can be achieved. Some principles of materials selection, specifically for erosion wear and corrosion applications, and manufacturing are considered. The examples of the successful development and processing of ceramics, coatings, and composites with manageable structures and phase compositions, in the erosion‐related applications, particularly conducted by the author, are discussed and reviewed. Specifically, industrially employed types of ceramics and processing routes were focused on the considered applications. Particular demands for advanced materials with high reliability and complex shapes or for protective coatings on complex shape steel components and long tubing with inner surface protection require novel and optimized processing. The factors affecting erosion and erosion–corrosion resistance and the paths for the erosion resistance enhancement of ceramic and coating materials are considered. Ceramic components design, technology, and installation features are reviewed.
Therapeutic regulation of complement activation in extracorporeal circuits and intravascular treatments with special reference to the alternative pathway amplification loop
Authors: Ekdahl Kristina N. , Fromell Karin , Mannes Marco , Grinnemo Karl‐Henrik , Huber‐Lang Markus , Teramura Yuji , Nilsson Bo 
Published: October 2022

SummaryA number of clinical treatment modalities involve contact between blood and biomaterials: these include extracorporeal circuits such as hemodialysis, cardiopulmonary bypass, plasmapheresis, and intravascular treatments. Common side effects arising from these treatments are caused by activation of the cascade systems of the blood. Many of these side effects are mediated via the complement system, including thromboinflammatory reactions and rejection of implants. Depending on the composition of the materials, complement activation is triggered via all the activation pathways but is by far mostly driven by the alternative pathway amplification loop. On biomaterial surfaces the alternative pathway amplification is totally unregulated and leads under optimal conditions to deposition of complement fragments, mostly C3b, on the surface leading to a total masking of the underlying surface. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of the complement activation, clinical consequences of the activation, and potential strategies for therapeutic regulation of the activation, using hemodialysis as demonstrator.
A Bootstrap Variance Procedure for the Generalised Regression Estimator
Authors: Stefan Marius , Hidiroglou Michael A. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThe generalised regression estimator (GREG) uses auxiliary data that are available from the finite population to improve the efficiency of the estimator of a total (mean). Estimators of the variance of GREG that have been proposed in the sampling literature include those based on Taylor linearisation and the jackknife techniques. Approximations based on Taylor expansions are reasonable for large samples. However, when the sample size is small, the Taylor‐based variance estimator has a large negative bias. The jackknife variance estimators overestimate the variance of GREG for small sample sizes. We offset these setbacks using a bootstrap procedure for estimating the variance of the GREG. The method uses a bootstrap population constructed with the model underlying the GREG estimator. Repeated samples are selected in the bootstrap population according to the design used to select the initial sample, and the variability associated with these bootstrap samples is used to compute the proposed bootstrap variance estimator. Simulations show that the new bootstrap estimator has a small bias for samples that have few observations.
Selective separation and crystal characterization of RE‐phases from RE‐bearing slag systems: Calcium cerite and cefluosil
Authors: Lan Xi , Gao Jintao , Xue Kairong , Guo Zhancheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe industrial RE‐bearing (rare‐earth‐bearing) slag has a considerable concentration of rare‐earth elements (REEs), so the recovery of REEs resources from these systems has attracted widespread attention. However, the basic data of RE phases is seriously lacked and divergent, which greatly limits the efficient utilization. In this study, in situ separation of RE phases from RE‐bearing slag systems was conducted via super gravity, and the high‐purity crystals of calcium cerite (CaO: 13.53 wt.%, SiO2: 26.02 wt.%, Ce2O3: 65.45 wt.%) and cefluosil (CaO: 14.67 wt.%, SiO2: 22.14 wt.%, CaF2: 2.64 wt.%, Ce2O3: 67.23 wt.%) were selectively separated from the CaO–SiO2–Ce2O3 and CaO–SiO2–CaF2–Ce2O3 systems with the high REEs recovery percentages of 96.10% and 98.23%, respectively. Based on the characterization of high‐purity calcium cerite and cefluosil crystals, the chemical formula, crystal structure, and Rietveld refinement were characterized, and the data has been assigned the deposition numbers of 2130965 and 2142394 in CCDC database. This study supplements the lack of basic data of RE crystals and provides theoretical reference and guidance for the utilization of RE‐bearing slag systems.
Exploring the impact of the COVID‐19 environment on nursing delivery of family‐centred care in a paediatric hospital
Authors: O'Neill Jenny , Devsam Bianca , Kinney Sharon , Hawley Meaghan , Richards Stacey , Newall Fiona 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo understand how the pandemic environment impacted the delivery of FCC of children and families from a nursing perspective in a major tertiary paediatric hospital.BackgroundFamily‐centred care (FCC) is a well‐established framework to promote parental involvement in every aspect of a child's hospitalization, however, rules and restrictions in place during the COVID‐19 pandemic affected the ways in which Family‐centred Care could be delivered in practice.DesignThis is a qualitative exploratory descriptive study to elicit the perspective of paediatric nurses delivering care to children in a hospital during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Victoria, Australia.MethodsNurses from all subspecialties in a tertiary paediatric hospital were invited to participate in virtual focus groups to discuss their experience of delivering FCC during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Focus groups were recorded and transcribed, then analysed using Framework Analysis.ResultsNineteen nurses participated across seven focus groups during June and July 2020. The four themes—Advocating with empathy, Enabling communication, Responding with flexibility, and Balancing competing considerations—and the eight subthemes that were generated, outline how nurses deliver FCC, and how these FCC actions were impacted by the COVID‐19 environment and the related hospital restrictions.ConclusionThis study documents the experiences, resilience and resourcefulness of paediatric nurses in Australia during the COVID‐19 pandemic as well as moving Family‐centred Care from a theoretical framework into a practical reality.ImpactThe findings from this study should inform consideration of the impacts of public health policies during infectious disease outbreaks moving forward. In addition by describing the core actions of Family‐centred Care, this study has implications for educational interventions on how to translate FCC theory into practice.No public or patient contribution as this study explored nursing perceptions only.