bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Observation of Self‐Hybridized Exciton‐Polaritons and Their Valley Polarizations in a Bare WS2 Layer
Authors: Shin Dong‐Jin , Cho HyunHee , Sung Junghyun , Gong Su‐Hyun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe strong excitonic properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) have led to the successful demonstration of exciton‐polaritons (EPs) in various optical cavity structures. Recently, self‐hybridized EPs have been discovered in a bare TMD layer, but experimental investigation is still lacking because of their nonradiative nature. Herein, the direct observation of self‐hybridized EPs in a bare multilayer WS2 via the evanescent field coupling technique is reported. Because of the thickness‐dependent Rabi splitting energy, the dispersion curves of the EPs change sensitively with sample thickness. Moreover, continuous tuning of EP dispersion curves is demonstrated by controlling the excitation laser power. Lastly, it is observed that guided EPs retain valley polarization up to 0.2 at room temperature, representing a valley‐preserved strong coupling regime. It is believed that the high tunability and valley polarization properties of the guided EPs in bare TMD layers can facilitate new nanophotonic and valleytronic applications.
The dynamic nature of poverty and food insecurity among older adults: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Mudrazija Stipica , Butrica Barbara A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUsing data from the Health and Retirement Study, this paper examines the dynamics of food insecurity for older adults over the past two decades and how it relates to different poverty measures. The results show that the Supplemental Poverty Measure predicts the likelihood of food insecurity better than the official poverty measure. Although there is no evidence that the impact of poverty on food insecurity declines with age, we find that the discrepancy between food insecurity and poverty is greater for more recent cohorts. Beyond poverty, various demographic, economic, and health characteristics also determine food insecurity among older adults.
Simulating the impact of crop–livestock interaction on crop performance using DSSAT
Authors: Rai Teerath , Kumar Sandeep , Nleya Thandiwe , Hoogenboom Gerrit 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn integrated crop–livestock system (ICL) can help with enhancing soil quality and crop productivity, ultimately increasing farm income. Field experiments that evaluated the impact of cover crops (CCs) and grazing on crop productivity have shown mixed results primarily because of a relatively short duration of the crop–livestock system. Dynamic crop models can help to simulate the long‐term impact of soils and crop management on crop yield. The objectives of the current study were to develop a simple simulation methodology for crop–livestock interaction using the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) and to evaluate the performance of CC grazing on maize (Zea mays L.) production. Here, differences in pre‐ and postgrazing dry matter were used to determine the daily biomass consumption by livestock, and the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the CCs was used to determine the amount of manure that is being returned to the soil during the grazing period. The data generated from the field experiments were used to calibrate and evaluate the cropping system model (CSM)‐CERES‐Maize of DSSAT. The index of agreement (d) for yield was 0.99 and 0.95, whereas relative root mean squared error (RRMSE) was 4.72 and 0.3% of the observed yield for calibration and evaluation, respectively. The trends in the field data were well represented by the simulated data. The current methodology provides evidence that crop modeling can be used to study ICLs, especially the crop–livestock interactions, by scientists and policy makers to help develop best management practices to increase yield and improve soil health.
Manipulation of clusteroluminescence in carbonyl‐based aliphatic polymers
Authors: Zhang Ziteng , Xiong Zuping , Chu Bo , Zhang Zhiming , Xie Yuan , Wang Lei , Sun Jing Zhi , Zhang Haoke , Zhang Xing‐Hong , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractClusteroluminogens (CLgens), nonconjugated structures with visible luminescence at the clustering state, have recently received remarkable attention due to their great theoretical significance and practical values. In carbonyl‐based aliphatic polymers, (n, π*) transition of carbonyl groups and the through‐space interactions have been demonstrated to play an important role in their clusteroluminescence (CL) properties, but it is still a big challenge to manipulate their CL at the molecular level. In this work, six nonconjugated carbonyl‐based polymers with different heteroatoms and steric hindrances were synthesized, and their photophysical properties were systematically studied. These polymers all showed CL but with different emission efficiency and wavelength. Experimental and theoretical studies indicated that the CL properties could be manipulated by changing the electronic structures of carbonyl groups and the rigidity of polymer chains. This work not only gains further insights into the CL mechanism but also provides reliable strategies to design and manipulate non‐conjugated luminescent materials.
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarker panel of synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Nilsson Johanna , Cousins Katheryn A.Q. , Gobom Johan , Portelius Erik , Chen‐Plotkin Alice , Shaw Leslie M. , Grossman Murray , Irwin David J. , Trojanowski John Q. , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Brinkmalm Ann 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionSynaptic degeneration is a key part of the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, and biomarkers reflecting the pathological alterations are greatly needed.MethodSeventeen synaptic proteins were quantified in a pathology‐confirmed cerebrospinal fluid cohort of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 63), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD; n = 53), and Lewy body spectrum of disorders (LBD; n = 21), as well as healthy controls (HC; n = 48).ResultsComparisons revealed four distinct patterns: markers decreased across all neurodegenerative conditions compared to HC (the neuronal pentraxins), markers increased across all neurodegenerative conditions (14‐3‐3 zeta/delta), markers selectively increased in AD compared to other neurodegenerative conditions (neurogranin and beta‐synuclein), and markers selectively decreased in LBD and FTLD compared to HC and AD (AP2B1 and syntaxin‐1B).DiscussionSeveral of the synaptic proteins may serve as biomarkers for synaptic dysfunction in AD, LBD, and FTLD. Additionally, differential patterns of synaptic protein alterations seem to be present across neurodegenerative diseases.Highlights
A panel of synaptic proteins were quantified in the cerebrospinal fluid using mass spectrometry.
We compared Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal degeneration, and Lewy body spectrum of disorders.
Pathology was confirmed by autopsy or familial mutations.
We discovered synaptic biomarkers for synaptic degeneration and cognitive decline.
We found differential patterns of synaptic proteins across neurodegenerative diseases.
Dementia with Lewy bodies: Impact of co‐pathologies and implications for clinical trial design
Authors: Toledo Jon B. , Abdelnour Carla , Weil Rimona S. , Ferreira Daniel , Rodriguez‐Porcel Federico , Pilotto Andrea , Wyman‐Chick Kathryn A. , Grothe Michel J. , Kane Joseph P.M. , Taylor Angela , Rongve Arvid , Scholz Sonja , Leverenz James B. , Boeve Bradley F. , Aarsland Dag , McKeith Ian G. , Lewis Simon , Leroi Iracema , Taylor John P. ,   the ISTAART Lewy body dementias Trial Methods Working Group
Published: October 2022

AbstractDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is clinically defined by the presence of visual hallucinations, fluctuations, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavioral disorder, and parkinsonism. Neuropathologically, it is characterized by the presence of Lewy pathology. However, neuropathological studies have demonstrated the high prevalence of coexistent Alzheimer's disease, TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43), and cerebrovascular pathologic cases. Due to their high prevalence and clinical impact on DLB individuals, clinical trials should account for these co‐pathologies in their design and selection and the interpretation of biomarkers values and outcomes. Here we discuss the frequency of the different co‐pathologies in DLB and their cross‐sectional and longitudinal clinical impact. We then evaluate the utility and possible applications of disease‐specific and disease‐nonspecific biomarkers and how co‐pathologies can impact these biomarkers. We propose a framework for integrating multi‐modal biomarker fingerprints and step‐wise selection and assessment of DLB individuals for clinical trials, monitoring target engagement, and interpreting outcomes in the setting of co‐pathologies.
Unusual Scaffold Rearrangement in Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons Driven by Concerted Action of Single Gold Atoms on a Gold Surface
Authors: Mendieta‐Moreno Jesús I. , Mallada Benjamin , de la Torre Bruno , Cadart Timothée , Kotora Martin , Jelínek Pavel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChemical transformation of polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules following different reaction strategies has always been the focus of organic synthesis. In this work, we report the synthesis of a PAH molecule, formation of which consists of an unusual C−C bond cleavage accompanied by a complex π‐conjugated molecular scaffold rearrangement. We demonstrate that the complex chemical transformation is steered by concerted motion of individual Au0 gold atoms on a supporting Au(111) surface. This observation underpins the importance of single‐atom catalysis mediated by adatoms in on‐surface synthesis as well as catalytic activity of single Au0 atoms facilitating cleavage of covalent carbon bonds.
Beads‐milling of waste Si sawdust into micro‐flakes and applied in UV‐curable polystyrene composites for anticorrosion coatings
Authors: Lan Yun‐Xiang , Yan Minsi , Yu Hsin‐Kai , Li Min‐Xue , Yeh Jui‐Ming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, the waste Si sawdust (WSS) obtained from the silicon wafer sawing process was applied in polymer composite for anticorrosion application for the first time. The WSS powder was processed through a beads‐milling (BM) procedure using Zr beads. Subsequently, WSS‐based polystyrene (PS) composite coatings were prepared by photo‐polymerization of styrene monomers in the presence of a specific amount of WSS powder with UV radiation. The as‐prepared WSS‐based PS composite coatings were subsequently investigated and characterized by a series of tests. Anticorrosion performance of sample‐coated cold‐rolled steel (CRS) electrodes were investigated by a series of electrochemical corrosion measurements (e.g., Tafel, Nyquist, and Bode plots) in saline conditions. Gas permeability analysis (GPA) study of these membranes were also determined to support the anticorrosion data of coatings. It should be noted that the WSS‐based PS composite coatings were all found to exhibit better corrosion resistance than that of neat PS. Moreover, the composite coating with higher loading of WSS was found to show better anticorrosion performance than of lower loading of WSS. This may be attributed to the dispersion of WSS particles in PS can effectively prolong the diffusion path of corrosive factors, as evidenced by the corresponding GPA results.
Endocasts of the basal sauropsid Captorhinus reveal unexpected neurological diversity in early reptiles
Authors: Bazzana Kayla D. , Evans David C. , Bevitt Joseph J. , Reisz Robert R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCaptorhinids are a group of Paleozoic amniotes that represents one of the earliest‐diverging clades of eureptiles. Although captorhinids are one of the best‐known and most well‐studied clades of early amniotes, their palaeoneuroanatomy has gone largely unexamined. We utilized neutron computed tomography to study the virtual cranial and otic endocasts of two captorhinid specimens. The neurosensory anatomy of captorhinids shows a mixture of traits considered plesiomorphic for sauropsids (no expansions of the cerebrum or olfactory bulbs, low degree of encephalization, low ossification of the otic capsule) and those considered more derived, including moderate cephalic and pontine flexures and a dorsoventrally tall bony labyrinth. The inner ear clearly preserves the elliptical, sub‐orthogonal canals and the short, rounded vestibule, along with an unusually enlarged lateral canal and a unique curvature of the posterior canal. The reconstructed neurosensory anatomy indicates that captorhinids were sensitive to slightly higher frequencies than many of their contemporaries, likely reflecting differences in body size across taxa, while the morphology of the maxillary canal suggests a simple, tubular condition as the plesiomorphic state for Sauropsida and contributes to the ongoing discussions regarding the phylogenetic placement of varanopids. This study represents the first detailed tomographic study of the brain and inner ear of any basal eureptile. The new data described here reveal that the neuroanatomy of early sauropsids is far more complex and diverse than previously anticipated, and provide impetus for further exploration of the palaeoneuroanatomy of early amniotes.
Clinical outcomes of temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma: A single‐institution experience
Authors: Zheng Yongbo , Qiu Ke , Fu Yangju , Yang Wenjie , Cheng Danni , Rao Yufang , Mao Minzi , Song Yao , Xu Wei , Ren Jianjun , Zhao Yu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the survival outcomes and potential prognostic factors of patients with temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (TBSCC) treated at our institution.MethodsWe retrospectively included patients who were diagnosed with TBSCC between 2008 and 2019. The Kaplan–Meier (KM) method was used to describe overall survival (OS), and the association between baseline characteristics and prognoses was examined using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsFifty consecutive patients with TBSCC were included in this study. The results showed that patients with advanced modified Pittsburgh (MPB)‐ T classifications had a poorer prognosis (T3 vs. T1‐2: HR: 2.81, 95% CI: 0.34–23.43; T4 vs. T1‐2: HR: 7.25, 95% CI: 0.95–55.41; p = 0.041). Meanwhile, middle ear squamous cell carcinoma (MESCC) showed a significantly worse prognosis than external auditory canal squamous cell carcinoma (EACSCC, HR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.04–6.76, p = 0.04).ConclusionsMESCC and advanced MPB‐T classifications might be considered predictors of unfavorable outcomes in patients with TBSCC, indicating that special attention should be paid to the original tumor subsite and tumor extension in the management of patients with TBSCC.
A pyroptosis‐related lncRNA signature in bladder cancer
Authors: Wang Peng , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhu Liping , Sun Yilan , Castellano Leandro , Stebbing Justin , Yu Zhentao , Peng Ling 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposePyroptosis, a type of programmed cell death, is implicated in the tumorigenesis, development and migration of cancer, which can be regulated by long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Our research aimed to investigate the prognostic role of pyroptosis‐related lncRNAs and the relationship to the tumor immune microenvironment through bioinformatics analysis.MethodsThe clinical and RNA‐sequencing data of bladder cancer patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). And 412 bladder cancer subjects with clinical information were divided into training and testing cohort. And 52 reported pyroptosis‐related genes were used to screen pyroptosis‐related lncRNAs. A pyroptosis‐related lncRNA signature was constructed based on Cox regression analyses.ResultsA 9‐pyroptosis‐related‐lncRNA signature was identified to separate patients with bladder cancer into two groups. The prognosis of bladder cancer patients in the high‐risk group was significantly inferior compared with those in the low‐risk group. Risk scores were validated to develop an independent prognostic indicator based on multivariate Cox regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis examined the signature on overall survival. The area under time‐dependent ROC curve (AUC) at 1‐, 3, and 5‐years measured 0.747, 0.783, and 0.768, respectively. Analysis of the immune landscape and PD‐L1 expression showed that PD‐L1 is upregulated in the high‐risk group. The immunocyte subtypes of the two groups were different.ConclusionA novel pyroptosis‐related lncRNA signature was identified with prognostic value for bladder cancer patients. Pyroptosis‐related lncRNAs have a potential role in cancer immunology and may serve as prognostic or therapeutic targets.
RNA‐sequencing for transcriptional profiling of whole blood in early stage and metastatic pancreatic cancer patients
Authors: Kalantari Sima , Kazemi Bahram , Roudi Raheleh , Zali Hakimeh , D'Angelo Alberto , Mohamadkhani Ashraf , Madjd Zahra , Pourshams Akram 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe investigated the transcriptional profile of whole blood in early and metastatic stages of pancreatic cancer (PaC) patients to identify potential diagnostic factors for early diagnosis. Blood samples from 18 participants (6 healthy individuals, 6 patients in early stage (I/II) PaC, and 6 patients in metastatic PaC) were analyzed by RNA‐sequencing. The expression levels of identified genes were subsequently compared with their expression in pancreatic tumor tissues based on TCGA data reported in UALCAN and GEPIA2 databases. Overall, 331 and 724 genes were identified as differentially expressed genes in early and metastatic stages, respectively. Of these, 146 genes were shared by early and metastatic stages. Upregulation of PTCD3 and UBA52 genes and downregulation of A2M and ARID1B genes in PaC patients were observed from early stage to metastasis. TCGA database showed increasing trend in expression levels of these genes from stage I to IV in pancreatic tumor tissue. Finally, we found that low expression of PTCD3, A2M, and ARID1B genes and high expression of UBA52 gene were positively correlated with PaC patients survival. We identified a four‐gene set (PTCD3, UBA52, A2M, and ARID1B) expressed in peripheral blood of early stage and metastatic PaC patients that may be useful for PaC early diagnosis.
SPARC expression in tumor microenvironment induces partial epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition of esophageal adenocarcinoma cells via cooperating with TGF‐β signaling
Authors: Ma Wen , Yan Yanli , Bai Shuheng , Zhou Yun , Wang Xuan , Feng Zhaode , Li Guangzu , Zhou Shuling , Zhang Jiangzhou , Ren Juan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSecreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) has been characterized as an oncoprotein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but its involvement in the pathological development of esophageal adenocarcinoma (ESAD) remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the sources of SPARC in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its functional role in ESAD. Bioinformatic analysis was conducted using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)‐esophageal cancer (ESCA) and Genotype‐Tissue Expression (GTEx). ESAD tumor cell line OE33 and OE19 cells were used as in vitro cell models. Results showed that SPARC upregulation was associated with unfavorable disease‐specific survival (DSS) in ESAD. ESAD tumor cells (OE33 and OE19) had no detectable SPARC protein expression. In contrast, IHC staining in ESAD tumor tissues suggested that peritumoral stromal cells (tumor‐associated fibroblasts and macrophages) were the dominant SPARC source in TME. Exogenous SPARC induced partial epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition of ESAD cells, reflected by reduced CDH1 and elevated ZEB1/VIM expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Besides, exogenous SPARC enhanced tumor cell invasion. When TGFBR2 expression was inhibited, the activation of TGF‐β signaling induced by exogenous SPARC was impaired. However, the activating effects were rescued by overexpressing mutant TGFBR2 resistant to the shRNA sequence. Copresence of exogenous SPARC and TGF‐β1 induced higher expression of mesenchymal markers and enhanced the invading capability of ESAD cells than TGF‐β1 alone. In conclusion, this study suggests a potential cross‐talk between ESAD tumor stromal cells and cancer cells via a SPARC‐TGF‐β1 paracrine network.
Generalized Brønsted‐Evans‐Polanyi Relationships for Reactions on Metal Surfaces from Machine Learning
Authors: Göltl Florian , Mavrikakis Manos 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBrønsted‐Evans‐Polanyi (BEP) relationships, i. e., a linear scaling between reaction and activation energies, lie at the core of computational design of heterogeneous catalysts. However, BEPs are not general and often require reparameterization for each class of reactions. Here we construct generalized BEPs (gBEPs), which can predict activation energies for a diverse dataset of reactions of C, O, N and H containing molecules on metal surfaces. In a first step we develop a set of descriptors based on scaling relationships that can capture the change in chemical identity of reactants during the reaction. Subsequently, we use the reaction energy, these descriptors and a single descriptor for the surface structure to parameterize machine learning based regression approaches for the prediction of activation energies. The best approach we developed shows a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.11 eV for the training set (80 % of the data set) and 0.23 eV for the test set (20 % of the data set). The methodology presented here allows to calculate activation energies within fractions of seconds on a typical personal computer and due to its generality, accuracy and simplicity in application it might prove to be useful in transition metal catalyst design.
Basella alba Leaves‐Assisted Eco‐Fabrication of Ag/ZnO Nanocomposites for Anti‐Bactericidal Activity and Catalytic Degradation of Anthropogenic Pollutants
Authors: Elumalai Gomathi , Maruthai Jayapriya , Jayaraman Kuberan , Ramachandran Krithikadevi , Mathiyalagan Kouthaman 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBasella alba aqueous leaf extract was employed for the synthesis of ZnO and Ag/ZnO nanocomposites (NC), eliminating the use of hazardous chemicals. UV‐visible spectroscopic analysis, X‐ray diffraction studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopic analysis were used to determine the optical properties, crystalline structure, phytoconstituents, surface morphology, and elemental composition of the fabricated nanomaterials. The synthesized NC were employed as antioxidant in order to determine their free radical‐quenching effect. In vitro antibacterial activity assays exhibited their enhanced potential on selective gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacterial pathogens. The Ag/ZnO NC display a rapid catalytic reduction rate for rhodamine B, methylene blue, and methyl orange with degradation rates of 88 %, 90 %, and 92 %, respectively. Thus, an environmentally benign, cost‐effective synthetic methodology is presented for the size‐controlled synthesis of nanomaterials which act as multifunctional platform to alleviate organic pollutants.