bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and their role in plant-parasitic nematodes control: a fresh look at an old issue
Authors: Aioub Ahmed A. A. , Elesawy Ahmed E. , Ammar Esraa E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe increasing demand for agricultural products can be met by maximizing production potential and reducing crop losses caused by common plant-parasitic nematodes. Chemical-based nematode management is a successful technique for mitigating damage and yield losses caused by nematode pests; however, inappropriate and irresponsible application of synthetic pesticides has negative impacts on fauna, bioflora, and natural enemies such as predators and parasites. The use of biocontrol agents is the most appreciated method for nematode control among farmers because it’s safe and reduces environmental pollution. There is increasing focus on the biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as a biopesticide. Moreover, PGPR strains can promote plant growth by producing various secondary metabolites of these PGPRs. This review focuses on the direct (Nitrogen fixation, phytohormone formation, phosphate solubilization, Potassium solubilization, siderophores and ammonia production) and indirect mechanisms (Hyperparasitism, antibiosis, lytic enzyme production, induced systemic resistance) of action of PGPR in plant-parasitic nematodes management, and the future prospects of PGPR-based plant-parasitic nematodes biocontrol agents.
Numerical study on the hot compression test for bulk metal forming application
Authors: Gomez-Marquez Diego , Ledesma-Orozco Elias , Hino Ryutaro , Aguilera-Gomez Eduardo , Korpała Grzegorz , Prahl Ulrich 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, a comparison between the well-established Lagrangian approach and the Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) approach is presented. This comparison aims to verify the ALE's approach suitability for modeling thermomechanical processes. After that, a study on the material's stress state evolution inside the specimen is provided. The stress state is evaluated through the triaxiality factor and Lode parameter. Ideally, under pure compression, these parameters' values are − 1/3 and − 1, respectively. However, it is not possible to achieve ideal conditions in actual experiments. The Lagrangian model was done in QForm, and the ALE model was done in LS-Dyna. The results from both models are in good agreement between them and agree with the force vs. stroke measured during the experiments. Two paths were defined to study the stress state inside the sample, in the radial direction (equator line) and axial direction (axial line). It was concluded that some areas in both paths might be considered as approximately under pure compression stress state. In addition, the ALE approach accuracy for thermomechanical modeling was verified.
No Policy is an Island: Mitigating COVID-19 in View of Interaction Effects
Authors: Elm Jan-Philip , Sarel Roee 
Published: July 2022

Why are COVID-19 mitigation strategies successful in reducing infections in some cases but not in others? Existing studies of individual policies tend to neglect the many interaction effects that arise when multiple policies are enacted simultaneously. Particularly, if a socially undesirable behavior has a close (and equally problematic) substitute, then a prohibition of that behavior will simply cause people to switch to the substitute, resulting in no effect on infections. However, joint policies that prohibit both the targeted behavior and the substitute will create a positive interaction effect, which closes the loophole. Respectively, behaviors that are complements (rather than substitutes) can be discouraged by prohibiting one behavior because this discourages complementary behaviors as well.We provide a new argument for why COVID-19 policies can fail and why the evaluation of such policies may be incorrect: policies are effective only when they reduce infections as a general equilibrium, accounting not only for the targeted behavior but also for interaction effects.We illustrate our arguments by applying insights from traditional and behavioral law and economics to several examples. Thereby, we highlight regulators’ challenge when facing interaction effects and factors such as social norms and time preferences.
Measuring capacity to use evidence-based interventions in community-based organizations: A comprehensive, scoping review
Authors: Ramanadhan Shoba , Mahtani Sitara L. , Kirk Shinelle , Lee Michelle , Weese Maggie , Mita Carol , Brandt Heather M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Community-based organizations (CBOs) are well-positioned to incorporate research evidence, local expertise, and contextual factors to address health inequities. However, insufficient capacity limits use of evidence-based interventions (EBIs) in these settings. Capacity-building implementation strategies are popular, but a lack of standard models and validated measures hinders progress in the field. To advance the literature, we conducted a comprehensive scoping review.

Methods:
With a reference librarian, we executed a comprehensive search strategy of PubMed/Medline, Web of Science Core Collection, and EBSCO Global Health. We included articles that addressed implementation science, capacity-building, and CBOs. Of 5527 articles, 99 met our inclusion criteria, and we extracted data using a double-coding process

Results:
Of the 99 articles, 47% defined capacity explicitly, 31% defined it indirectly, and 21% did not define it. Common concepts in definitions were skills, knowledge/expertise, and resources. Of the 57 articles with quantitative analysis, 48 (82%) measured capacity, and 11 (23%) offered psychometric data for the capacity measures. Of the 99 studies, 40% focused exclusively on populations experiencing inequities and 22% included those populations to some extent. The bulk of the studies came from high-income countries.

Conclusions:
Implementation scientists should 1) be explicit about models and definitions of capacity and strategies for building capacity, 2) specify expected multi-level implementation outcomes, 3) develop and use validated measures for quantitative work, and 4) integrate equity considerations into the conceptualization and measurement of capacity-building efforts. With these refinements, we can ensure that the necessary supports reach CBO practitioners and critical partners for addressing health inequities.
Contesting security: Multiple modalities, NGOs, and the security-migration nexus in Scotland
Authors: Paterson Ian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe security-migration nexus is ubiquitous throughout Europe and beyond. An avalanche of scholarship has explored the construction of migration as a security threat in general and, in the UK, the creation of the ‘hostile environment’ in particular – the problematic nature of each being well documented. Yet, far less attention has been paid to activities that contest this process. Deploying Balzacq's four modalities of contestation – desecuritisation, resistance, emancipation, and resilience – this article addresses the imbalance, exploring how asylum and refugee sector NGOs engage in and contest security-migration politics. Using Scotland (2018–19) as an illustrative case and analysing discursive and predominantly non-discursive activities, findings demonstrate that NGOs are successfully contesting the security-migration nexus in Scotland across four principal categories, supporting the ‘surviving’ and ‘thriving’ of asylum seeker and refugee communities, problematising previous conceptualisations of ‘UK’ asylum and refugee politics, with implications extending globally. The article helps refine the theorisation of contestation, demonstrating first, the need to move beyond studies of ‘desecuritisation’, with consequences for understandings of ‘success’ in securitisation, and second, the potential blindness of single-modality studies to vital, meaningful contestation, resulting in the production of less comprehensive visions of the security world.
Generalized limit theorems forU-max statistics
Authors: Nikitin Yakov , Simarova Ekaterina 
Published: July 2022

Abstract$U{\hbox{-}}\textrm{max}$statistics were introduced by Lao and Mayer in 2008. Such statistics are natural in stochastic geometry. Examples are the maximal perimeters and areas of polygons and polyhedra formed by random points on a circle, ellipse, etc. The main method to study limit theorems for$U{\hbox{-}}\textrm{max}$statistics is via a Poisson approximation. In this paper we consider a general class of kernels defined on a circle, and we prove a universal limit theorem with the Weibull distribution as a limit. Its parameters depend on the degree of the kernel, the structure of its points of maximum, and the Hessians of the kernel at these points. Almost all limit theorems known so far may be obtained as simple special cases of our general theorem. We also consider several new examples. Moreover, we consider not only the uniform distribution of points but also almost arbitrary distribution on a circle satisfying mild additional conditions.
Canadian Federalism, Multilevel Politics and the Occupation of Ottawa
Authors: Sabin Jerald 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFor three weeks in early 2022, the streets of downtown Ottawa were occupied by protestors associated with the so-called Freedom Convoy. The inability of Ottawa's municipal police to end the protest was not only a spectacular failure of local policing but also a failure of national security policy. This article brings together literatures on Canadian federalism, multilevel politics and federal capitals to argue that the occupation of Ottawa demonstrates a misalignment between the political and jurisdictional responsibility for Ottawa's public and national security. Potential reforms range from the expansion of federal authority over the Parliamentary Precinct to the restructuring of the National Capital Region as a federal district or territory.
Diseconomies of Scale in Quantitative and Fundamental Investment Styles
Authors: Evans Richard B. , Rohleder Martin , Tentesch Hendrik , Wilkens Marco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe examine diseconomies of scale for two different investment approaches: quantitative and fundamental. Using separate account (SA) data where the investment approach is self-identified, we find that fundamental SAs exhibit greater diseconomies of scale than quantitative SAs. Looking at liquidity costs, we find that quantitative SAs hold more diversified portfolios of higher liquidity stocks than fundamental SAs, thereby reducing their expected liquidity costs. We also find that consistent with lower information processing/hierarchy costs, the speed of information diffusion is higher for quant SAs. Accounting for these differences helps to explain the differences in diseconomies of scale.
What are the predictors of TOMM failure in clinical TBI populations? A retrospective analysis
Authors: Gates Thomas M. , Metcalf Kasey , Sabaz Mark , Young Kate , Anandakumar Thushara , Simpson Grahame K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectives:To determine base rates of invalid performance on the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) undertaking rehabilitation who were referred for clinical assessment, and the factors contributing to TOMM failure.Methods:Retrospective file review of consecutive TBI referrals for neuropsychological assessment over seven years. TOMM failure was conventionally defined as performance <45/50 on Trial 2 or Retention Trial. Demographic, injury, financial compensation, occupational, and medical variables were collected.Results:Four hundred and ninety one TBI cases (Median age = 40 years [IQR = 26–52], 79% male, 82% severe TBI) were identified. Overall, 48 cases (9.78%) failed the TOMM. Logistic regression analyses revealed that use of an interpreter during the assessment (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 8.25, 95%CI = 3.96–17.18), outpatient setting (aOR = 4.80, 95%CI = 1.87–12.31) and post-injury psychological distress (aOR = 2.77, 95%CI = 1.35–5.70) were significant multivariate predictors of TOMM failure. The TOMM failure rate for interpreter cases was 49% (21/43) in the outpatient setting vs. 7% (2/30) in the inpatient setting. By comparison, 9% (21/230) of non-interpreter outpatient cases failed the TOMM vs. 2% (4/188) of inpatient cases.Conclusions:TOMM failure very rarely occurs in clinical assessment of TBI patients in the inpatient rehabilitation setting. It is more common in the outpatient setting, particularly in non-English-speaking people requiring an interpreter. The findings reinforce the importance of routinely administering stand-alone performance validity tests in assessments of clinical TBI populations, particularly in outpatient settings, to ensure that neuropsychological test results can be interpreted with a high degree of confidence.
Modified ground and slotted MIMO antennas for 5G sub-6 GHz frequency bands
Authors: Agrawal Neetu , Gupta Manish , Chouhan Sanjay 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMultiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems, which use multiple antennas to deliver faster data rates, are one of the promising methods in 5G services. 5G is a popular issue among the world's main telecom firms currently. The sub-6 GHz band for 5G applications in various countries lies between 3 and 5 GHz. The sub-6 GHz 5G bands are 3.4–3.8 GHz in Europe, 3.1–3.55 GHz in the USA, and 3.3–3.6 GHz and 4.8–4.99 GHz in China. This paper presents a two-element slotted octagon-shaped antenna operating in the sub-6 GHz band (3.1–4.5 GHz) for 5G applications. A T-formed isolation structure is placed at a ground plane to minimize mutual coupling between MIMO antennas. The proposed MIMO antenna has physical dimensions of 55 × 38 mm2 and an envelope correlation coefficient or correlation of 0.0004 over the entire operating band. The antenna operates at 3.6 GHz, with a return loss of 40.8 dB at the resonance. An antenna prototype has been investigated and proven to be of excellent quality in terms of performance like isolation >20 dB, efficiency >80%, and mean effective gain <−3 dB over the full operating band.
Trauma exposure and factors associated with ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD in adolescence: a cross-cultural study in Japan and Lithuania
Authors: Kazlauskas E. , Jovarauskaite L. , Abe K. , Brewin C. R. , Cloitre M. , Daniunaite I. , Haramaki Y. , Hihara S. , Kairyte A. , Kamite Y. , Sugimura K. , Thoresen S. , Zelviene P. , Truskauskaite-Kuneviciene I. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
Cross-cultural studies of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) based on ICD-11 diagnostic criteria are scarce, especially in adolescence. The study aimed to evaluate the trauma exposure, prevalence and factors associated with PTSD and CPTSD in general populations of adolescents in Lithuania and Japan.

Methods
The study sample comprised 1746 adolescents from Lithuania (n = 832) and Japan (n = 914), 49.8% female. The mean age of study participants was 15.52 (s.d. = 1.64), ranging from 12 to 18 years. ICD-11 posttraumatic disorders were assessed using the International Trauma Questionnaire – Child and Adolescent version (ITQ-CA).

Results
More than half of the adolescents in a total sample (61.5%) reported exposure to at least one traumatic event in their lifetime, 80.0% in Lithuania and 44.6% in Japan, with a higher prevalence of interpersonal trauma in Lithuania and more natural disaster exposure in Japan. The prevalence of PTSD was 5.2% (95% CI 3.8–6.9%) and 2.3% (95% CI 1.4–3.5%), CPTSD 12.3% (95% CI 10.1–14.7%) and 4.1% (95% CI 2.9–5.5%) in Lithuanian and Japanese samples, respectively. Cumulative trauma exposure, female gender, loneliness and financial difficulties in family predicted both PTSD and CPTSD in the total sample. Loneliness discriminated CPTSD v. PTSD in both Lithuanian and Japanese samples.

Conclusions
This cross-cultural study is among the first which reported different patterns of trauma exposure in Asian Japanese and Lithuanian adolescents in Europe. Despite differences in trauma exposure and PTSD/CPTSD prevalence, we found similar predictors in both studies, particularly the importance of cumulative trauma exposure for PTSD/CPTSD, and social interpersonal factors for the risk of CPTSD. The study supports the universality of traumatic stress reactions to adverse life experiences in adolescence across cultures and regions and highlights different levels of traumatisation of adolescents in various countries.
Aging Anxiety in Older Adults
Authors: Bergman Yoav S. , Bodner Ehud 
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Recently, aging anxiety was linked with existential fears. This study examines whether self-esteem and meaning in life, protective factors against mortality awareness, buffer the association between aging anxiety and depressive symptoms in older adults. 318 community-dwelling participants (aged 65–90 years, M = 73.42, SD = 5.40) completed scales assessing aging anxiety, self-esteem, meaning in life, and depressive symptoms. High aging anxiety and low self-esteem/meaning in life were associated with increased depressive symptoms. Moreover, the link between aging anxiety and depressive symptoms was nullified among participants reporting high levels of self-esteem and meaning in life. We discuss the results from the perspective of terror management theory and suggest that, while aging anxiety may elicit existential concerns, these fears may be mitigated by self-esteem and meaning in life.
Absolute Tectonic Stress Inversion in the 2016 Mw 7.0 Kumamoto Earthquake Source Region Using Topography and Rupture Models
Authors: Yun Naidan , Yue Han , Zhou Shiyong , Xu Wuchuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAbsolute tectonic stress estimation is of fundamental importance to investigating regional earthquake hazards, while traditional algorithms only invert relative stress and its orientations. We use topography data and rupture models to invert the absolute tectonic stress in the source region of the 2016 Mw 7.0 Kumamoto earthquake. We adopt a basic assumption that the slip direction of each sub‐fault is in the shear direction of the total stress tensor, which is a combination of tectonic and topographic stresses. We use the Bayesian theorem to describe the probability density function of stress parameters and perform a grid search for the optimal values and uncertainties of stress parameters. Our synthetic test shows that the true parameters can be reliably estimated over a broad range of tectonic stress magnitudes. In the application to the Kumamoto earthquake, we find that the optimal tectonic stress is uniaxial tensional with a magnitude of 35 MPa and orientation of N6.5°W, which is at an angle of ∼47.5° to the fault strike. The average total shear stress on the fault plane is 16 MPa on the fault plane. With the inverted stress parameters, we evaluate the pore pressure based on the absolute stress field, the result of which is within a range of 0.3–0.45 of the lithostatic stress.
High‐Resolution Lagrangian Inverse Modeling of CO2 Emissions Over the Paris Region During the First 2020 Lockdown Period
Authors: Nalini K. , Lauvaux T. , Abdallah C. , Lian J. , Ciais P. , Utard H. , Laurent O. , Ramonet M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStringent mobility restrictions across the world during the COVID 19 pandemic have impacted local economies and, consequently, city carbon budgets, offering a unique opportunity to evaluate the capability of scientific approaches to quantify emissions changes. Our study aims to quantify and map CO2 emissions from fossil fuel and biogenic CO2 fluxes over the Paris metropolitan area during the first lockdown period (March‐May 2020) in France, in comparison with the same period in 2019. Our inversion system relies on transport model simulations initiated with the Weather Research and Forecasting chemistry transport model combined with a high‐resolution fossil fuel CO2 emissions inventory, and biogenic CO2 fluxes from a vegetation model. The inversion with atmospheric observations from a network of six towers resulted in a positive re‐adjustment of fossil fuel CO2 emissions in 2019 and 2020 compared to prior. In 2020, the inversion resulted in a large emission reduction (43%) compared to 2019, while the reductions were estimated to be 37% based on the prior inventory itself. By assimilating CO mixing ratios in addition to CO2, the traffic emission estimates were reduced by 68% in 2020, compared to nontraffic (29%). Various sensitivity tests show that prior emission uncertainty and different background conditions significantly impacted the emissions estimates. We conclude that our current inversion system with atmospheric CO2 monitoring makes it possible to identify the emission decrease in 2020 partly over the urban region. However, additional information on prior emission errors and a dense network will be needed to map emissions precisely.
Pollution Emissions and Economic Growth Revisited: A Novel Model of Spatial Hyperbolic Decomposition in Sewage Reduction Risk Management
Authors: Liu Shun Jia , Li Jianping , Xu Xin Long 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe turning point in the classic environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) fails to identify the pollution risk transfer effect. Based on the interactions of environmental regulations among local governments, this paper decomposes the relationship between sewage emissions and the economic growth depicted by the pollution risk transfer effect and proposes a spatial hyperbolic model to illustrate this relationship in local and other regions. The results show that the relationship between industrial sewage emissions and economic growth presents an inverted U‐shaped curve in the local region and a U‐shaped curve in other regions. The turning point of the inverted U‐shaped curve in the hyperbola lags behind that in the EKC, indicating that the turning point in the EKC is influenced by the pollution risk transfer effect. The turning point of the inverted U‐shaped curve lags behind that of the U‐shaped curve in the hyperbola, indicating that pollution transfer behavior has become the main choice under environmental regulation. Based on this conclusion, this paper suggests that the central government should optimize the assessment standards of local government achievements and should encourage enterprises to engage in technological innovation using market incentive environmental regulation.