bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Quality Indicators of Glioblastoma Care: Audit Results From an Indian Tertiary Care Cancer Center
Authors: Basu Achari Rimpa , Chakraborty Santam , Goyal Love , Saha Saheli , Roy Paromita , Zameer Lateef , Mishra Deepak , Parihar Mayur , Das Anirban , Chandra Aditi , Biswas Bivas , Mallick Indranil , Arunsingh Moses A. , Chatterjee Sanjoy , Bhattacharyya Tapesh 
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE There are limited reports of quality metrics in glioblastoma. We audited our adherence to quality indicators as proposed in the PRIME Quality Improvement study. METHODS This is a retrospective audit of patients treated between 2017 and 2020. After postsurgical integrated diagnosis, patients received radiotherapy (RT) with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ). Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging at predefined times guided management. Numbers with proportions for indices were calculated. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS One hundred six patients were consecutively treated. The median age was 55 years (interquartile range of 47-61 years) with a male preponderance (68%). Ninety-six (90.6%) patients underwent subtotal resection, and 10 (9.4%) biopsy alone. Isocitrate dehydrogenase was wild-type in 96 (91%), and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase was unmethylated in 70 (66.0%) patients. Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter was mutated in 64 (60.4%), and TP53 was mutated in 22 (20.8%). Concurrent radiation and TMZ were planned for 104 (98.1%), and radiation alone for 2 (1.9%). The median time to concurrent RT-TMZ was 36 days (interquartile range 30-44 days). All patients planned for RT-TMZ completed treatment, but only 81 (76%) completed adjuvant TMZ. Sixty-three (59%) completed six cycles, 18 (17%) received less than six cycles, and 25 (24%) did not receive adjuvant TMZ. At a median follow-up of 24 months (range 21-31 months), the median (95% CI) progression-free survival and overall survival were 11 (95% CI, 9.4 to 13.0) and 20.0 (95% CI, 15 to 26) months, respectively. CONCLUSION Our patients met quality indices in most domains; outcomes are comparable with global results. Metrics will be periodically evaluated to include new standards and assess continuous service appropriateness.
Effect of time-delayed interactions on milling: A minimal model
Authors: Costanzo A. , van Haeringen E. , Hemelrijk C. K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Models of collective motion show a rich variety of patterns. One of these is milling, in which the individuals of a group are circling around a common center. Milling has been generated in a Vicsek-like model of collective motion, i.e., a minimal model where individuals coordinate their headings only via alignment with close neighbors, without being attracted to each other and without avoiding collisions. However, in this Vicsek-like model information propagates instantaneously among neighbors, whereas in nature transfer and processing of information need time. How this delay affects patterns of collective motion, particularly milling, is unknown. Here we investigate the effect of time-delayed interactions on the emergence of milling in a Vicsek-like model. We show that delays may either destroy milling or induce it, depending on the parameters of the system. The range of speeds and fields of view of individuals at which milling occurs is shifted to smaller values if there are time delays in the model. Our findings may help to understand what causes milling in nature.
Epha1 is a cell-surface marker for the neuromesodermal competent population
Authors: de Lemos Luisa , Dias André , Nóvoa Ana , Mallo Moisés 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThe vertebrate body is built during embryonic development by the sequential addition of new tissue as the embryo grows at its caudal end. During this process, progenitor cells within the neuromesodermal competent (NMC) region generate the postcranial neural tube and paraxial mesoderm. Here, we have applied a genetic strategy to recover the NMC cell population from mouse embryonic tissues and have searched their transcriptome for cell-surface markers that would give access to these cells without previous genetic modifications. We found that Epha1 expression is restricted to the axial progenitor-containing areas of the mouse embryo. Epha1-positive cells isolated from the mouse tailbud generate neural and mesodermal derivatives when cultured in vitro. This observation, together with their enrichment in the Sox2+/Tbxt+ molecular phenotype, indicates a direct association between Epha1 and the NMC population. Additional analyses suggest that tailbud cells expressing low Epha1 levels might also contain notochord progenitors, and that high Epha1 expression might be associated with progenitors entering paraxial mesoderm differentiation. Epha1 could thus be a valuable cell-surface marker for labeling and recovering physiologically active axial progenitors from embryonic tissues.
FOXP4 differentially controls cold-induced beige adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis
Authors: Wang Fuhua , Xu Shuqin , Chen Tienan , Ling Shifeng , Zhang Wei , Wang Shaojiao , Zhou Rujiang , Xia Xuechun , Yao Zhengju , Li Pengxiao , Zhao Xiaodong , Wang Jiqiu , Guo Xizhi 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBeige adipocytes have a discrete developmental origin and possess notable plasticity in their thermogenic capacity in response to various environmental cues, but the transcriptional machinery controlling beige adipocyte development and thermogenesis remains largely unknown. By analyzing beige adipocyte-specific knockout mice, we identified a transcription factor, forkhead box P4 (FOXP4), that differentially governs beige adipocyte differentiation and activation. Depletion of Foxp4 in progenitor cells impaired beige cell early differentiation. However, we observed that ablation of Foxp4 in differentiated adipocytes profoundly potentiated their thermogenesis capacity upon cold exposure. Of note, the outcome of Foxp4 deficiency on UCP1-mediated thermogenesis was confined to beige adipocytes, rather than to brown adipocytes. Taken together, we suggest that FOXP4 primes beige adipocyte early differentiation, but attenuates their activation by potent transcriptional repression of the thermogenic program.
“We threw away the stones”: a mixed method evaluation of a simple cookstove intervention in Malawi
Authors: Saleh Sepeedeh , Sambakunsi Henry , Makina Debora , Kumwenda Moses , Rylance Jamie , Chinouya Martha , Mortimer Kevin 
Published: March 2022

Background: Air pollution exposure is responsible for a substantial burden of respiratory disease globally. Household air pollution from cooking using biomass is a major contributor to overall exposure in rural low-income settings. Previous research in Malawi has revealed how precarity and food insecurity shape individuals’ daily experiences, contributing to perceptions of health. Aiming to avoid a mismatch between research intervention and local context, we introduced a simple cookstove intervention in rural Malawi, analysing change in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposures, and community perceptions. Methods: Following a period of baseline ethnographic research, we distributed ‘chitetezo mbaula’, locally-made cookstoves, to all households (n=300) in a rural Malawian village. Evaluation incorporated village-wide participant observation and concurrent exposure monitoring using portable PM2.5 monitors at baseline and follow-up (three months post-intervention). Qualitative data were thematically analysed. Quantitative analysis of exposure data included pre-post intervention comparisons, with datapoints divided into periods of combustion activity (almost exclusively cooking) and non-combustion periods. Findings were integrated at the interpretation stage, using a convergent design mode of synthesis. Results: Individual exposure monitoring pre- and post-cookstove intervention involved a sample of 18 participants (15 female; mean age 43). Post-intervention PM2.5 exposures (median 9.9μg/m3 [interquartile range: 2.2–46.5]) were not significantly different to pre-intervention (11.8μg/m3 [3.8–44.4]); p=0.71. On analysis by activity, background exposures were found to be reduced post-intervention (from 8.2μg/m3 [2.5–22.0] to 4.6μg/m3 [1.0–12.6]; p=0.01). Stoves were well-liked and widely used by residents as substitutes for previous cooking methods (mainly three-stone fires). Commonly cited benefits related to fuel saving and shorter cooking times. Conclusions: The cookstove intervention had no impact on cooking-related PM2.5 exposures. A significant reduction in background exposures may relate to reduced smouldering emissions. Uptake and continued use of the stoves was high amongst community members, who preferred using the stoves to cooking over open fires.
Strengthening capacity for community and public engagement (CPE): a mixed-methods evaluation of the ‘DELTAS Africa CPE seed fund’ pilot
Authors: Mwangi Leah , Mutengu Lillian , Gitau Evelyn , Bates Imelda , Pulford Justin 
Published: March 2022

Background: The ‘DELTAS Africa CPE seed fund’ was a pilot scheme designed to strengthen capacity in community and public engagement (CPE) via a ‘learn by doing’ approach. The scheme supported a total of 25 early career researchers and research support staff belonging to the DELTAS Africa network to design and implement a variety of CPE projects between August 2019 and February 2021. We examine recipient experiences of the DELTAS Africa CPE seed fund initiative, changes in their CPE attitudes, knowledge and proficiency and their CPE practice and/or practice intentions post-award. Methods: A mixed-methods process and performance evaluation drawing on three data sources: An anonymous, online knowledge, attitude and practice survey completed by CPE seed fund awardees pre- and post-project implementation (N=23); semi-structured interviews completed with a sub-sample of awardees and programme implementors (N=9); and ‘end-of-project’ reports completed by all seed fund awardees (N=25). Results: All awardees described their seed fund experience in positive terms, despite invariably finding it more challenging than originally anticipated. The combined survey, interview and end of project report data all uniformly revealed improvement in awardees’ self-reported CPE knowledge, attitudes and proficiency by completion of their respective projects. Commitment to continued CPE activity post-award was evident in the survey data and all interviewees were adamant that they would integrate CPE within their respective research work going forward. Conclusion: The DELTAS Africa CPE seed fund appeared to work successfully as a CPE capacity strengthening platform and as a vehicle for fostering longer-term interest in CPE activities.
The Impact of Continuity and Security on Quality of Life
Authors: Friedman Carli 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Continuity and security includes people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) not only having resources to meet their basic needs, but also includes the amount of change and disruption people have in their lives and the control they have over that change. We explored the impact of continuity and security on people with IDD's (n = 325) quality of life by analyzing Personal Outcome Measures interviews. Continuity and security not only significantly increased overall quality of life, but it also positively impacted two thirds of the different outcomes, ranging from health to relationships to rights. A stronger community infrastructure is needed to promote the continuity and security, and, by extension, quality of life of people with IDD.
Uplifts, Respite, Stress, and Marital Quality for Parents Raising Children With Down Syndrome or Autism
Authors: Easler Jamie K. , Taylor Tina M. , Roper Susanne Olsen , Yorgason Jeremy B. , Harper James M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Direct, indirect, and partner effects estimated among uplifts, respite care, stress, and marital quality across mothers and fathers of children with autism spectrum disorder (n = 102) and Down syndrome (n = 111) were examined in this cross-sectional study. Parents of children with ASD who reported more uplifts and less stress individually reported better marital quality; these wives reported better marital quality as their husbands reported more uplifts and less stress. Wives with children with DS who reported more uplifts, individually along with their husbands reported less stress and better marital quality. Respite was directly associated with marital quality for parents of children with ASD and indirectly associated with marital quality for parents of children with DS with reduced individual stress. Implications are discussed.
The Community of Practice for Supporting Families of Persons With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Reynolds Michelle C. , Caldwell Diana , Boonchaisri Natalie , Ragon Katharine E. , Palmer Susan B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
It is important to continuously support families to improve the lives of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and their family members. Using a life course approach to address strengths and needs of families, a National Community of Practice, infused with the Charting the LifeCourse framework, focused on systems change to improve policy and practices to enhance the lives of families. A qualitative analysis used the Value Creation framework to evaluate both process and product outcomes of 16 state communities of practice as to changes in knowledge and practices. Results emphasize the relative effectiveness of aspects of policy and overarching practices designed to support people with disabilities and their families in participating states.
Factors associated with active syphilis among men and women aged 15 years and older in the Zimbabwe Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (2015–2016)
Authors: Ruangtragool Leala , Silver Rachel , Machiha Anna , Gwanzura Lovemore , Hakim Avi , Lupoli Katie , Musuka Godfrey , Patel Hetal , Mugurungi Owen , Tippett Barr Beth A. , Rogers John H. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
Ulcerative STIs, including syphilis, increase the risk for HIV acquisition and transmission due to the presence of ulcers/chancres that serve as a point-of-entry and exit for HIV. In Zimbabwe, diagnosis of syphilis often occurs in pregnant women who seek ANC services where syphilis testing is offered, and among men and women who seek health care for STIs. Zimbabwe’s national syphilis estimates are based on these diagnosed cases, with little information available about the prevalence of untreated syphilis among the general population. This analysis uses data from ZIMPHIA (2015–2016) to describe factors associated with active syphilis among men and women ages 15 years and older.

Methods
ZIMPHIA collected blood specimens for HIV and syphilis testing from 22,501 consenting individuals (ages 15 years and older). Household HIV testing used the national HIV rapid-testing algorithm with HIV-positive results confirmed at satellite laboratories using Geenius HIV-1/2 rapid test (Bio-rad, Hercules, California, USA). Point-of-care non-Treponemal and Treponemal syphilis testing was performed using Chembio’s Dual-Path Platform Syphilis Screen & Confirm Assay. Factors associated with active syphilis were explored using multiple variable, weighted logistic regression and were stratified by gender.

Results
The likelihood of active syphilis in HIV-positive females was 3.7 times greater in HIV-positive females than HIV-negative females (aOR: 3.7, 95% CI 2.3–5.9). Among males odds of having active syphilis was 5 times higher among those that engaged in transactional sex than those who did not have sex or transactional sex (aOR: 5.3, 95% CI 1.9–14.7), and 6 times higher if HIV positive versus negative (aOR: 5.9, 95% CI 3.0–12.0). Urban residence, province, education (highest attended), marital status, number of sex partners, consistency of condom use, pregnancy status (females), and circumcision status (males) were not significant in the adjusted model for either females or males.

Conculsion
HIV status was found to be the only factor associated with active syphilis in both females and males. Given the persistent link between HIV and active syphilis, it is prudent to link individuals’ diagnoses and treatments, as recommended by the WHO. Enhanced integration of STI and HIV services in health delivery points such as ANC, reproductive services, or male circumcision clinics, combined with consistent, targeted outreach to high-risk populations and their partners, may assist the MOHCC to eliminate active syphilis in Zimbabwe.
Public awareness, knowledge of availability, and willingness to use neurosurgical care services in Sub-Saharan Africa: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ikwuegbuenyi Chibuikem A. , Umutoni Alice , Atabe Ngwene Neri Ngole , Ngoma Placide , Nyalundja Arsene Daniel , Nteranya Daniel Safari , Olobatoke Tunde A. , Ogunfolaji Oloruntoba , Sichimba Dawin , Najjuma Joanitor , Sebopelo Lorraine Arabang , Ndajiwo Aliyu , Bamimore Michael A. , Adegboyega Gideon , Kanmounye Ulrick Sidney 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionLow- and middle-income countries bear the majority of neurosurgical disease burden and patients face significant barriers to seeking, reaching, and receiving care. We aimed to understand barriers to seeking care among adult Africans by evaluating the public perception, knowledge of availability, and readiness to use neurosurgical care services.MethodsAn e-survey was distributed among African adults who are not in the health sector or pursuing a health-related degree. Chi-square test and ANOVA were used for bivariate analysis and the alpha value was set at 0.05. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated.ResultsSix hundred and sixty-two adults from 16 African countries aged 25.4 (95% CI: 25.0, 25.9) responded. The majority lived in urban settings (90.6%) and were English-speaking (76.4%) men (54.8%). Most respondents (76.3%) could define neurosurgery adequately. The most popular neurosurgical diseases were traumatic brain injury (76.3%), congenital brain and spine diseases (67.7%), and stroke (60.4%). Unwillingness to use or recommend in-country neurosurgical services was associated with rural dwelling (β = -0.69, SE = 0.31, P = 0.03), lack of awareness about the availability of neurosurgeons in-country (β = 1.02, SE = 0.20, P<0.001), and believing neurosurgery is expensive (β = -1.49, SE = 0.36, P<0.001).ConclusionKnowledge levels about neurosurgery are satisfactory; however, healthcare-seeking is negatively impacted by multiple factors.
Antibiotics cause metabolic changes in mice primarily through microbiome modulation rather than behavioral changes
Authors: Bongers Kale S. , McDonald Roderick A. , Winner Katherine M. , Falkowski Nicole R. , Brown Christopher A. , Baker Jennifer M. , Hinkle Kevin J. , Fergle Daniel J. , Dickson Robert P. 
Published: March 2022

Background
The microbiome is an important and increasingly-studied mediator of organismal metabolism, although how the microbiome affects metabolism remains incompletely understood. Many investigators use antibiotics to experimentally perturb the microbiome. However, antibiotics have poorly understood yet profound off-target effects on behavior and diet, including food and water aversion, that can confound experiments and limit their applicability. We thus sought to determine the relative influence of microbiome modulation and off-target antibiotic effects on the behavior and metabolic activity of mice.

Results
Mice treated with oral antibiotics via drinking water exhibited significant weight loss in fat, liver, and muscle tissue. These mice also exhibited a reduction in water and food consumption, with marked variability across antibiotic regimens. While administration of bitter-tasting but antimicrobially-inert compounds caused a similar reduction in water consumption, this did not cause tissue weight loss or reduced food consumption. Mice administered intraperitoneal antibiotics (bypassing the gastrointestinal tract) exhibited reduced tissue weights and oral intake, comparable to the effects of oral antibiotics. Antibiotic-treated germ-free mice did not have reduced tissue weights, providing further evidence that direct microbiome modulation (rather than behavioral effects) mediates these metabolic changes.

Conclusions
While oral antibiotics cause profound effects on food and water consumption, antibiotic effects on organismal metabolism are primarily mediated by microbiome modulation. We demonstrate that tissue-specific weight loss following antibiotic administration is due primarily to microbiome effects rather than food and water aversion, and identify antibiotic regimens that effectively modulate gut microbiota while minimizing off-target behavioral effects.
Development and validation of new evaluation scale for measuring stroke patients’ motivation for rehabilitation in rehabilitation wards
Authors: Yoshida Taiki , Otaka Yohei , Kitamura Shin , Ushizawa Kazuki , Kumagai Masashi , Kurihara Yuto , Yaeda Jun , Osu Rieko 
Published: March 2022

Objective
This study aimed to develop the Motivation in stroke patients for rehabilitation scale (MORE scale), following the Consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments (COSMIN).

Method
Study participants included rehabilitation professionals working at the convalescent rehabilitation hospital and stroke patients admitted to the hospital. The original MORE scale was developed from an item pool, which was created through discussions of nine rehabilitation professionals. After the content validity of the scale was verified using the Delphi method with 61 rehabilitation professionals and 22 stroke patients, the scale’s validity and reliability were examined for 201 stroke patients. The construct validity of the scale was investigated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and item response theory analysis. Cronbach’s alpha confirmed its internal consistency. Regarding convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity, Spearman’s rho was calculated between the MORE scale and the Apathy Scale (AS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), which rates the subjective feelings of motivation.

Results
Using the Delphi method, 17 items were incorporated into the MORE scale. According to EFA and CFA, a one-factor model was suggested. All MORE scale items demonstrated satisfactory item response, with item slopes ranging from 0.811 to 2.142, and item difficulty parameters ranging from -3.203 to 0.522. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.948. Regarding test-retest reliability, a moderate correlation was found between scores at the beginning and one month after hospitalization (rho = 0.612. p < 0.001). The MORE scale showed significant correlation with AS (rho = -0.536, p < 0.001), SDS (rho = -0.347, p < 0.001), and VAS (rho = 0.536, p < 0.001), confirming the convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity, respectively.

Conclusions
The MORE scale was verified as a valid and reliable scale for evaluating stroke patients’ motivation for rehabilitation.