bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Bioinspired Artificial Injury Response System Based on a Robust Polymer Memristor to Mimic a Sense of Pain, Sign of Injury, and Healing
Authors: Xu Xiaojie , Cho En Ju , Bekker Logan , Talin A. Alec , Lee Elaine , Pascall Andrew J. , Worsley Marcus A. , Zhou Jenny , Cook Caitlyn C. , Kuntz Joshua D. , Cho Seongkoo , Orme Christine A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFlexible electronic skin with features that include sensing, processing, and responding to stimuli have transformed human–robot interactions. However, more advanced capabilities, such as human‐like self‐protection modalities with a sense of pain, sign of injury, and healing, are more challenging. Herein, a novel, flexible, and robust diffusive memristor based on a copolymer of chlorotrifluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride (FK‐800) as an artificial nociceptor (pain sensor) is reported. Devices composed of Ag/FK‐800/Pt have outstanding switching endurance >106 cycles, orders of magnitude higher than any other two‐terminal polymer/organic memristors in literature (typically 102–103 cycles). In situ conductive atomic force microscopy is employed to dynamically switch individual filaments, which demonstrates that conductive filaments correlate with polymer grain boundaries and FK‐800 has superior morphological stability under repeated switching cycles. It is hypothesized that the high thermal stability and high elasticity of FK‐800 contribute to the stability under local Joule heating associated with electrical switching. To mimic biological nociceptors, four signature nociceptive characteristics are demonstrated: threshold triggering, no adaptation, relaxation, and sensitization. Lastly, by integrating a triboelectric generator (artificial mechanoreceptor), memristor (artificial nociceptor), and light emitting diode (artificial bruise), the first bioinspired injury response system capable of sensing pain, showing signs of injury, and healing, is demonstrated.
Water‐Saturated Ion Gel for Humidity‐Independent High Precision Epidermal Ionic Temperature Sensor
Authors: Kim Hyun Woo , Kim Eunseo , Oh Joosung , Lee Hyomin , Jeong Unyong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough ion gels are attractive sensing materials for deformable epidermal sensors or implantable devices, their sensing performances are highly affected by environmental humidity change, so that their sensing reliability cannot be secured. This study proposes a new concept of maintaining the high‐precision temperature sensing performance of highly deformable ion gel sensors. In this approach, a hydrophobic ion gel sensing layer is kept water‐saturated by attaching a hydrogel layer, rather than attempting to completely block water penetration. This study performs experimental and theoretical investigation on water concentration in the ion gel, using the analysis of mass transportation at the interface of the ion gel and the hydrogel. By using the charge relaxation time of the ionic molecules, the temperature sensor is not affected by environmental humidity in the extreme range of humidity (30%–100%). This study demonstrates a highly deformable on‐skin temperature sensor which shows the same performance either in water or dry state and while exercising with large strains (ε = 50%).
Enantio‐ and Regioselective Construction of 1,4‐Diamines via Cascade Hydroamination of Methylene Cyclopropanes
Authors: Zhou Jian , Yang Qingjing , Lee Chi Sing , Wang Jun (Joelle) 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite the widespread existence of chiral 1,4‐diamines in bioactive molecules and their applications in asymmetric catalysis, the catalytic and asymmetric synthesis of such structures from readily accessible substrates remains a long‐standing challenge. Here, we report a Cu‐catalyzed asymmetric cascade hydroamination protocol to construct a wide range of chiral 1,4‐diamine derivatives in high yields with excellent enatioselectivities (up to 95 % yield and up to >99 % ee). The use of two hydroxylamine esters containing different functionalized amino groups allowed us to increase the complexity of the final 1,4‐diamine structures. The desired products could be easily transformed into chiral 1,4‐diamines and chiral NH2‐Terfenadine. Mechanistic study demonstrates that this reaction proceeds through hydroamination ring‐opening and cascade hydroamination sequence.
Single‐Step Expeditious Synthesis of Diblock Copolymers with Different Morphologies by Lewis Pair Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly
Authors: Li Chengkai , Zhao Wuchao , He Jianghua , Zhang Yuetao , Zhang Wangqing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLewis pair polymerization has demonstrated its unique advantages and powerful capability in polymer synthesis. Here we employ strong nucleophilicN‐heterocyclic olefin (NHO) and bulky organoaluminum to construct a frustrated Lewis pair, which can realize the compounded sequence control (CSC) copolymerization and self‐assembly the mixture of dimethylaminoethyl acrylate and fluoride‐functionalized methacrylate into diblock copolymers (di‐BCPs) nano‐assemblies through polymerization‐induced self‐assembly in one‐pot, single‐step manner within minutes. These di‐BCPs were characterized by1H and13C NMR, GPC, DSC, and TEM. By utilizing appropriate solvophilic block and solvophobic block, such Lewis pair polymerization‐induced self‐assembly strategy enables the expeditious, room‐temperature synthesis of di‐BCP nanoparticles with different morphologies, including spheres, worms, vesicles, and even fibers, thus suggesting the great application potential of such method in the future.
Synthesis and characterization of magnetic carboxymethyl chitosan‐poly(acrylic acid‐itaconic acid) hydrogel for the efficient adsorption of malachite green
Authors: Lei Chunyan , Xiao Qian , Zhou Shanshan , Zu Weihao , Li Jialin , Zeng Jun , Yan Lulan , Huang Yuewen , Wang Bin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA new type of magnetic hydrogel (Fe3O4/CMC‐co‐p[AA‐IA]) adsorbent was synthesized using magnetic carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) matrix with acrylic acid and itaconic acid monomers by radical graft copolymerization and it was applied to the adsorption of malachite green (MG) aqueous solution. The chemical structural characteristics of hydrogel adsorbent were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT‐IR), scanning electrons microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). These characteristics revealed that acrylic acid and itaconic acid monomers were successfully grafted onto the CMC backbone. Hydrogel adsorbent in deionized water has an excellent swelling ratio. To optimize the effect of various factors including pH, adsorbent dosage, ionic strengthen, initial concentration, contact time, and temperature on the adsorption capacity of MG dye were investigated in a batch. The adsorption equilibrium in the adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm adsorption and belongs to the monolayer adsorption. For describing the adsorption kinetics of MG dye, the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model is more suitable appropriately than the pseudo‐first kinetic model. The thermodynamics model shows that the adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous. After five cycles of adsorption and desorption, the hydrogel adsorbent also has better adsorption efficiency. These results show that the adsorbent has a better swelling capacity and a better adsorption performance.
Numerical and experimental investigations on the mechanism of flow‐induced fiber orientation in short‐shot water‐assisted injection‐molded short‐glass‐fiber‐reinforced polypropylene
Authors: Zhang Wei , Kuang Tang‐qing , Liu He‐sheng , Lai Jia‐mei , Yu Zhong , Liu Bang‐xiong , Jiang Qing‐song 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt is a critical requirement to have an insight into the mechanism of flow‐induced fiber orientation in short‐shot water‐assisted injection molding (SSWAIM) of fiber‐reinforced polymer for improving the structural rigidity and service life of molded parts. However, this mechanism is still unclear, which stunts the development of SSWAIM. In this work, the mechanism of flow‐induced fiber orientation in SSWAIM parts of short‐glass‐fiber‐reinforced polypropylene (SGF/PP) was clarified through numerical research and experimental verification. The results showed that the difference of fiber orientation distribution at different positions both in the radial direction and along the flow direction between SSWAIM parts and conventional injection molding (CIM) parts was mainly due to the strong flow field caused by the high‐pressure water penetration in SSWAIM. Moreover, fiber orientation in the SSWAIM part depended not only on its position both in the radial direction and along the flow direction, but also on the processing parameters. At the front of SSWAIM part, fiber orientation changed greatly in the radial direction and presented an obvious “shell layer‐core layer‐water channel layer” hierarchical structure across the part thickness, whereas this phenomenon became more inconspicuous with increasing the distance of the selected position from the water injection inlet. Short‐shot size is the principal parameter affecting the fiber orientation, and within the range of investigated processing parameters, smaller short‐shot size, shorter water injection delay time, higher water pressure, and lower melt temperature could significantly facilitate fiber orientation across the part thickness.
High‐performance atactic polypropylene modified bitumen blends fabricated via conventional, hot, and in‐situ blending techniques
Authors: Gill Yasir Qayyum , Usman Muhammad , Rahim Abdur , Abid Umer 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis research presents an investigation on the incorporation of atactic polypropylene (APP) as a modifier in bitumen at weight concentrations from 0 to 30 wt%. An APP‐modified bitumen (APPMB) was prepared by conventional, hot, and in situ blending and characterized for mechanical, morphological, thermal, structural, and physical properties. APPMB specimens using maleic anhydride (MA) functionalized polymer at its optimized concentration of 20 weight percentage (wt%), along at several other concentrations, were prepared using in situ and hot blending methods using an overhead stirrer mixer at a blending temperature of 160°C for 2 h. Fourier transform infrared revealed a strong interaction of APP or APP‐g‐MA with bitumen. The ultimate compressive strength, acquired in Mega Pascal (MPa) units, was increased from 0.24 MPa at 5 wt% APP to 0.70 MPa at 20 wt% APP loading. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs manifested dispersed phases of APP in bitumen due to the high temperature and shearing application with overhead stirring. In situ and hot blended specimens exhibited better mechanical, thermal, and structure–property relations. This research highlights the novelty in terms of property optimization and advancements at a high‐weight percentage of the modifier (i.e., 20 wt%) along with emphasizing the comparison of three different fabrication techniques; however, the previous research manifested the advancements in the properties of polymer and bitumen blends at low concentrations of polymers.
The development of eco‐friendly UV‐protective polyacrylate/rutile TiO2 coating
Authors: Zeljko Martina , Bulatović Vesna Ocelić , Blažic Roko , Blagojević Sanja Lučić 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis work aims to prepare a coating with good UV protection properties while maintaining optimal transparency. In this work, the addition of 0–2 wt.% TiO2 on the properties of polyacrylate (PA), the method of preparation, and the effect of UV exposure on coatings were investigated. Rutile TiO2/PA coatings were prepared by ex situ and in situ emulsion polymerization. The results showed that the addition of nanoparticles and the preparation method significantly affect the particle size distributions of PA, such that ex situ emulsions show the presence of agglomerates, while they are not visible in in situ emulsions. Viscosity also depends on the preparation method, so ex situ emulsions show no change with the addition of nanoparticles, while in situ emulsions show an increase in viscosity. In situ coatings also have better morphology and transparency compared to ex situ. The addition of nanoparticles increases the thermal stability of PA in the later stages of thermal degradation and causes a decrease in tensile strength with an increase in elongation at break of PA. In situ coatings also provide better UV protection properties compared to ex situ coating films.
Retinoid receptors are expressed in mouse and human lungs
Authors: Channabasappa Shankaramurthy , Caldwell Sarah , Kanthan Rani , Singh Baljit 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRetinoid receptors are members of nuclear receptor superfamily consisting of two distinct families: RARs (retinoic acid receptors) and RXRs (retinoid X receptors). Each family contains three receptor subtypes α, β, and γ. Retinoids transduce their effects through binding to retinoid receptors and inhibit transcription factors such as activator protein‐1 and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) both of which regulate the transcription of several inflammatory genes. Considering the role of retinoid receptors in lung physiology, we need a precise understanding of their expression in normal and inflamed lungs. We used light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry and Western blot to determine the expression of retinoid receptors in a murine model of endotoxin‐induced (E. coli; 055:B5, 80 μg intranasal) acute lung inflammation and normal human lungs. Western blot showed expression of all six retinoid receptor subtypes in normal and inflamed mouse lungs. Immunohistology localized differential expression of retinoid receptors in airway epithelium, alveolar/septal macrophages, vascular endothelium, and alveolar septum in mouse lungs. Intranasal LPS challenge in mice resulted in increased expression of RXRα in airway epithelium compared to control animals. All six retinoid receptor subtypes were expressed in normal human lungs. Immunoelectron microscopy further confirmed the localization of all the receptors in various lung cells including the nucleus of these cells. The basal and altered expression of retinoid receptors in normal and inflamed lungs, respectively, may suggest their roles in lung pathophysiology.
Phylogenetic relationships among Bombycinae (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea, and Bombycidae) based on mitochondrial genomes
Authors: Deng Min , Liao Cheng‐Qing , Chen Qi , Huang Guo‐Hua , Wang Xing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe subfamily Bombycinae Latreille, [1802] is an important silk‐producing group, including well‐known economical insects. Although there are many studies on the development of these economic insects, the relationships between genera/species of this subfamily are still unclear. Two data sets of mitochondrial genomes, 13 protein‐coding genes (13PCGs) and 13PCGs‐AA, were used to estimate phylogenetic relationships based on the maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. The results strongly support the subfamily Bombycinae as a monophyletic group divided into two clades.
Transdiagnostic and sex differences in cognitive profiles of autism spectrum disorder and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Doi Hirokazu , Kanai Chieko , Ohta Haruhisa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn increasing number of studies have shown that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) share symptoms and aetiologies. However, transdiagnostic comparisons between ASD and ADHD is complicated due to the sex differences within each condition. To clarify the similarities and differences in the cognitive functioning between ASD and ADHD, while considering potential sex differences, this study compared cognitive profiles assessed by the WAIS‐III between the four groups created by orthogonally combining diagnosis and sex based on the data from 277 ASD males, 86 ASD females, 99 ADHD males and 64 ADHD females. The analysis revealed three major findings. First, performance IQ and perceptual organization index were higher in ADHD males than in ASD males and ADHD females. Second, Gaussian mixture model fitting revealed two clusters underlying the distribution of subindex scores. The percentage of being classified into the cluster that scored lower in all the subindices was higher in females than in males irrespective of diagnosis. Third, feature importance for classification of ASD and ADHD yielded by random forest classifier, a supervised machine learning algorithm, revealed that autism quotient was most informative feature in classifying ASD and ADHD in males, while the discrepancy between verbal and performance intelligence quotient was in females, indicating that the set of behavioral features contributing to classification differs between males and females. Thus, these findings indicate that sex as well as diagnosis is critical in determining the cognitive profiles of people with ASD and ADHD.Lay summaryThe present study compared profiles of cognitive functions measured by Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale between males and females with ASD and ADHD. The analyses revealed clear sex differences in cognitive functions in both ASD and ADHD and that the set of cognitive functions useful in classifying ASD and ADHD differed between males and females. Thus, biological sex seems to be a critical factor in determining the cognitive profiles of people with ASD and ADHD.
Speed and accuracy of emotion recognition in autistic adults: The role of stimulus type, response format, and emotion
Authors: Georgopoulos Marie Antonia , Brewer Neil , Lucas Carmen A. , Young Robyn L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEmotion recognition difficulties are considered to contribute to social‐communicative problems for autistic individuals. Prior research has been dominated by a focus on forced‐choice recognition response accuracy for static face presentations of basic emotions, often involving small samples. Using free‐report and multiple‐choice response formats, we compared emotion recognition in IQ‐matched autistic (N = 63) and nonautistic (N = 67) adult samples using 12 face emotion stimuli presented in three different stimulus formats (static, dynamic, social) that varied the degree of accompanying contextual information. Percent agreement with normative recognition responses (usually labeled “recognition accuracy”) was slightly lower for autistic adults. Both groups displayed marked inter‐individual variability and, although there was considerable overlap between groups, a very small subset of autistic individuals recorded lower percent agreement than any of the nonautistic sample. Overall, autistic individuals were significantly slower to respond and less confident. Although stimulus type, response format, and emotion affected percent agreement, latency and confidence, their interactions with group were nonsignificant and the associated effect sizes extremely small. The findings challenge notions that autistic adults have core deficits in emotion recognition and are more likely than nonautistic adults to be overwhelmed by increasingly dynamic or complex emotion stimuli and to experience difficulties recognizing specific emotions. Suggested research priorities include clarifying whether longer recognition latencies reflect fundamental processing limitations or adjustable strategic influences, probing age‐related changes in emotion recognition across adulthood, and identifying the links between difficulties highlighted by traditional emotion recognition paradigms and real‐world social functioning.Lay SummaryIt is generally considered that autistic individuals are less accurate than nonautistic individuals at recognizing other people's facial emotions. Using a wide array of emotions presented in various contexts, this study suggests that autistic individuals are, on average, only slightly less accurate but at the same time somewhat slower when classifying others' emotions. However, there was considerable overlap between the two groups, and great variability between individuals. The differences between groups prevailed regardless of how stimuli were presented, the response required or the particular emotion.
Dilute acid pretreatment for enhancing the enzymatic saccharification of agroresidues using a Botrytis ricini endoglucanase
Authors: Silva Tatielle Pereira , de Albuquerque Fabiana Sarmento , Nascimento Ferreira Alexsandra , Santos Dávida Maria Ribeiro Cardoso dos , Santos Thatiane Veríssimo dos , Meneghetti Simoni Margareti Plentz , Franco Marcelo , Luz José Maria Rodrigues da , Pereira Hugo Juarez Vieira 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe enormous amount of agroindustrial residues generated in Brazil can be used as biomass to produce fermentable sugars. This study compared the pretreatments with different proportions of dilute acid. The method involved pretreatment with 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% (v/v) sulfuric acid, followed by hydrolysis using the halotolerant and thermostable endoglucanase from Botrytis ricini URM 5627. The physicochemical characterization of plant biomass was performed using XRD, FTIR, and SEM. The pretreatment significantly increased the production of fermentable sugars following enzymatic saccharification from wheat bran, sugarcane bagasse, and rice husk: 153.67%, 91.98%, and 253.21% increment in sugar production; 36.39 mg⋅g−1 ± 1.23, 39.55 mg⋅g−1 ± 1.70, and 42.53 mg⋅g−1 ± 7.61 mg⋅L−1 of glucose; and 3.26 ± 0.35 mg⋅g−1, 3.61mg⋅g−1 ± 0.74 and 3.59 mg⋅g−1 ± 0.80 of fructose were produced, respectively. In conclusion, biomass should preferably be pretreated before the enzymatic saccharification using B. ricini URM 5627 endoglucanase.
Effect of exogenous additives and stress inducers on xylitol production by Debaryomyces nepalensis in batch culture
Authors: Kumar Amit , Mohan Sweta , Satpathy Shatabdi , Pappu J. Sharon Mano , Gummadi Sathyanarayana N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present study investigates various strategies to improve the production of xylitol, a platform chemical, by batch cultivation of Debaryomyces nepalensis. Enhancement of xylitol production via triggerring its biosynthetic pathway in yeast cells was carried out under varied initial phosphate concentrations of the medium and by the addition of stress inducers and co‐substrates. Among the tested phosphate concentrations, the xylitol production was found to be increased by 1.62‐fold at limited initial phosphate concentration (1.5 g L−1). Similarly, among all of the studied co‐substrates, the xylitol production was found to be enhanced by adding 10% maltose at the start of fermentation. Among the different stress inducers tested, addition of hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite at low concentration (10 ppm) resulted in improved xylitol yields by 28 and 34%, respectively, when compared with the control. De facto stress inducers and nutrient limitations may be worthy of consideration to enhance the production of xylitol in batch culture. We envision that the addition of stress inducers at minimum dosage will enhance xylitol productivity. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd