bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sb2O3‐modified lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramics with enhancing piezoelectricity and low loss
Authors: Fei Xuan , Lin Xiujuan , Wang Chao , Li Wenlong , Yu Feng , Yang Changhong , Huang Shifeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLead zirconate titanate (PZT)–based piezoelectric ceramics as important functional materials are widely used in many electromechanical devices. The piezoelectric coefficient and mechanical quality factor are vital property parameters for piezoelectric applications. However, the piezoelectric coefficient is inversely proportional to the mechanical quality factor, resulting in a strong limitation among wide applications. Herein, piezoelectric ceramics composed of (xSb2O3, 0.3‐wt% MnCO3)‐doped (Pb0.92Sr0.08)(Zr0.533Ti0.443Nb0.024)O3 ((xSb, Mn)‐PSZTN) were prepared by a conventional solid‐state process. The excellent piezoelectric properties d33 = 554 pC/N, kp = 0.645, and high mechanical quality factor Qm = 540 were simultaneously obtained at x = 0.1 ceramic in the morphotropic phase boundary region. The enhancement of piezoelectric properties was mainly due to the contribution of irreversible domain wall motion. In particular, the regulation of different defect chemical reactions on the properties showed that Sb2O3 could play the role of both donor and acceptor dopant. This work demonstrated that (0.1Sb, Mn)‐PSZTN ceramic was a good candidate material for high‐power piezoelectric devices.
Transfer of Phi6 bacteriophage between human skin and surfaces common to consumer-facing environments
Authors: Baker Christopher A. , Hamilton Allyson N. , Chandran Sahaana , Poncet Aurelie M. , Gibson Kristen E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to determine the extent of Phi6 (Φ6) transfer between skin and surfaces relevant to consumer-facing environments based on inoculum matrix, surface type and contact time.

Methods and Results
Φ6 transfer rates were determined from skin-to-fomite and fomite-to-skin influenced by inoculum matrix (artificial saliva and tripartite), surface type (aluminium, plastic, stainless steel, touchscreen, vinyl and wood) and contact time (5 and 10 s). Significant differences in estimated means were observed based on surface type (both transfer directions), inoculum matrix (skin-to-fomite) and contact time (both transfer directions). During a sequential transfer experiment from fomite-to-skin, the maximum number of consecutive transfer events observed was 3.33 ± 1.19, 2.33 ± 1.20 and 1.67 ± 1.21 for plastic, touchscreen and vinyl, respectively.

Conclusions
Contact time significantly impacted Φ6 transfer rates, which may be attributed to skin absorption dynamics. Surface type should be considered for assessing Φ6 transfer rates.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Although the persistence of Φ6 on fomites has been characterized, limited data are available regarding the transfer of Φ6 among skin and fomites. Determining Φ6 transfer rates for surfaces in consumer-facing environments based on these factors is needed to better inform future virus transmission mitigation strategies.
Assessing lithological uncertainty in dikes: Simulating construction history and its implications for flood safety assessment
Authors: van Woerkom Teun , van Beek Rens , Middelkoop Hans , Bierkens Marc F. P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDikes often have a long history of reinforcement, with each reinforcement adding new material resulting in a heterogeneous dike. As data on the dike internal heterogeneity is sparse, it is generally overlooked in the stability assessment of dikes. We present an object‐based and process‐based model simulating dike construction history on archeological dike cross, yielding similar patterns of heterogeneity as observed in real dikes, and apply it in a dike safety assessment. Model predictions improve when being based on more accurate statistics of dike buildup, or when being conditioned to ground truth data. When incorporated in a dike stability assessment, multiple model runs can be coupled to hydrological simulations and dike slope stability calculations, resulting in a probabilistic stability assessment considering internal dike heterogeneity. While high‐resolution observations are still sparse, good model accuracies can be reached by combining regional information on dike buildup with local point observations and this model provides a parsimonious basis to include information of internal dike heterogeneity in safety assessments.
Potential associations between alterations in gut microbiome and obesity‐related traits after the bariatric surgery
Authors: Özdemir Aslıhan , Yozgat Ahmet , Işgın‐Atıcı Kübra , Avcı Enver , Yıldız Barış D. , Gündoğdu Aycan , Nalbantoğlu Ufuk , Turhan Turan , Doğruman‐Al Funda , Büyüktuncer Zehra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to examine the effects of both obesity and bariatric surgery on gut microbiome, dietary intake, as well as metabolic and inflammatory parameters.MethodsAll participants (15 with morbid obesity who had bariatric surgery, 8 with morbid obesity and 11 non‐obese) were followed up for a 6‐month period with interviews at baseline (M0), at the end of 3 (M3) and 6 months (M6). Dietary assessment was done, and blood and faecal samples were collected.ResultsDietary energy and nutrient intakes as well as serum glucose levels, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol and high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) levels decreased after surgery (p < 0.05, for each). Participants with morbid obesity had higher levels of Firmicutes and lower levels of Bacteroidetes at M0 compared to non‐obese participants. The abundances of Bacteroidetes increased (p = 0.02), whereas that of Firmicutes decreased (p > 0.05) after the surgery, leading to a significant decrease in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (p = 0.01). At sub‐phylum level, the abundances of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium decreased, whereas those of Akkermansia increased after the surgery (p < 0.01, for each). Although participants who were morbidly obese had a distinct profile according to ß‐diversity indices at M0, it became similar with the profile of non‐obese participants (p > 0.05) at M3 and M6. Similarly, α‐diversity indices were lower in subjects with morbid obesity at M0, but became similar to levels in non‐obese controls at M6.ConclusionThis study confirmed that bariatric surgery has substantial impacts on gut microbiome's composition and diversity, as well as anthropometrical measurements and biochemical parameters, which were associated with the alterations in dietary intake patterns.
Using an interactive nutrition technology platform to predict malnutrition risk
Authors: Fisher Erin , Luscombe Georgina , Schmidt David , Brown Leanne , Duncanson Kerith 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Nutrition Dashboard is an interactive nutrition technology platform that displays food provision and intake data used to categorise the nutrition risk of hospitalised individuals. The present study aimed to investigate the Nutrition Dashboard's ability to identify malnutrition compared with a validated malnutrition screening tool (MST).MethodsA retrospective observational study at a 99‐bed hospital was conducted using medical record and food intake data presented via the Nutrition Dashboard. Inter‐Rater Reliability of food intake estimation between hospital catering staff and a dietitian reported good agreement across 912 food items (κ = 0.69, 95% confidence interval = 0.65–0.72, p < 0.001). Default nutritional adequacy thresholds of 4500 kJ and 50 g protein were applied for Nutrition Dashboard categorisation of supply and intake. Generalised estimating equation regression models explored the association between the Nutrition Dashboard risk categories and the MST, with and without controlling for patient demographic characteristics.ResultsAnalyses from 216 individuals (1783 hospital‐stay days) found that those in the highest risk Nutrition Dashboard category were 1.93 times more likely to have a MST score indicating risk compared to the lowest Nutrition Dashboard category (unadjusted odds ratio = 1.93, 95% confidence interval = 1.17–3.19, p < 0.01). When patient weight was added to the model, lower weight became the only significant predictor of MST ≥ 2 (p < 0.01)ConclusionsThe present study indicates a role for nutrition intake technology in malnutrition screening. Further adaptions that address the complexities of applying this technology could improve the use of the Nutrition Dashboard to support identification of malnutrition.
Association between receipt of nutritional counselling during antenatal care visits and anaemia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Taddese Eden , Alemu Dawit G. , Haider Mohammad R. , Haile Zelalem T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnaemia during pregnancy is associated with premature births, low birth weight and increased susceptibility to infection. Almost one‐quarter (24.34%) of Ethiopian pregnant women suffer from anaemia. Nutritional counselling during antenatal care (ANC) visits may encourage pregnant women to take a more iron‐rich diet and prevent anaemia. The present study examines the association between nutritional counselling during ANC and anaemia among Ethiopian women.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study uses the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data (n = 4, 384). The outcome of interest was anaemia, measured objectively by blood haemoglobin level. The main independent variable was the receipt of nutritional counselling during ANC visits. Univariate, bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed using SAS, version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc.).ResultsOverall, 25.8% of the participants were anaemic and 65.7% received nutritional counselling during ANC visits. Compared with women who received nutritional counselling during ANC visits, a significantly higher proportion of women who did not receive nutritional counselling were anaemic (23.1% vs. 30.8%; p < 0.001). In the multivariable model, compared with women who received nutritional counselling during their ANC visits, the odds of being anaemic were higher among women who did not receive nutritional counselling during their ANC visits adjusted odds ratio = 1.34 (95% confidence interval = 1.07–1.67; p = 0.010).ConclusionsIn a representative sample of Ethiopian women, exposure to nutritional counselling during ANC visits is associated with a lower likelihood of anaemia, independent of potential confounders. Focused ANC counselling that includes nutritional counselling programs during ANC visits can be an effective strategy to prevent and control anaemia.
Four decades of experience with carcinoid heart disease: An analysis of 84 patients
Authors: Levy Sonja , Korse Catherina E. , de Groot Andre C. A. , Meijer Ronald C. A. , Tesselaar Margot E. T. , Valk Gerlof D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCarcinoid heart disease (CHD) is a serious cardiac condition which is caused by elevated serotonin in the systemic circulation, secreted by neuroendocrine tumours (NET). It mostly affects the right‐sided heart valves, where it causes fibrotic disturbances and is associated with worse survival. In this study, we describe a large cohort of patients with CHD and provide an insight into their survival over the past decades. All consecutive patients with a serotonin producing NET and CHD referred to the Netherlands Cancer Institute that presented with CHD or developed CHD during their follow up time were included from 1984 until 2021. Patients were divided into three time periods: 1984–2000, 2000–2010 and 2010–2018. Median N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic protein (NT‐proBNP) and serum serotonin levels were stratified according to tricuspid regurgitation severity. Kaplan–Meier curves and log rank test were used for visualisation of survival. Cox regression was used for identification of the characteristics associated with disease specific mortality (DSM). A total of 84 patients with CHD were included of whom 49 (58.3%) were male. Median age at NET diagnosis was 62.3 (range 23.9–81.7) years, and median time to development of CHD was 1.1 (range 0–24.2) years. NT‐proBNP was significantly higher when more severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was present (p = .027). Median survival from CHD diagnosis for 1984–2000, 2000–2010 and 2010–2018 were 1.3 (confidence interval [CI]: 0.9–1.6), 1.9 (CI: 1.2–2.6) and 3.9 (CI: 1.7–6.2) years (p = .025). Valve replacement surgery (VSR) occurred more frequent in later time periods. VSR (hazard ratio [HR] 0.33,p = .005) and NT‐proBNP (HR 1.003, 1.00–1.005,p = .036) were significantly associated with DSM. The prognosis of patients with CHD has improved over the past decades, possibly caused by more VSR. NT‐proBNP is a valuable biomarker in patients with CHD. Clinical practice should be aimed at timely diagnosis and intervention of CHD.
Testing for changes in rate of evolution and position of the climatic niche of clades
Authors: Castiglione Silvia , Mondanaro Alessandro , Di Febbraro Mirko , Melchionna Marina , Serio Carmela , Girardi Giorgia , Belfiore Arianna Morena , Raia Pasquale 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

There is solid recognition that phylogenetic effects must be acknowledged to appreciate climatic niche variability among species clades properly. Yet, most currently available methods either work at the intra‐specific level (hence they ignore phylogeny) or rely on the Brownian motion model of evolution to estimate phylogenetic effects on climatic niche variation. The Brownian motion model may be inappropriate to describe niche evolution in several cases, and even a significant phylogenetic signal in climatic variables does not indicate that the effect of shared ancestry was relevant to niche evolution.

We introduce a new phylogenetic comparative method which describes significant changes in the width and position of the climatic niche at the inter‐specific (clade) level, while making no a priori assumption about how niche evolution took place.

We devised the R function phylo.niche.shift to estimate whether the climatic niches of individual clades in the tree are either wider or narrower than expected, and whether the niche occupies unexpected climates. We tested phylo.niche.shift on realistic virtual species' distribution patterns applied to a phylogeny of 365 extant primate species.

We demonstrate via simulations that the new method is fast and accurate under widely different climatic niche evolution scenarios. phylo.niche.shift showed that the capuchin monkeys and langurs occupy much wider, and prosimian much narrower, climatic niche space than expected by their phylogenetic positions.

phylo.niche.shift may help to improve research on niche evolution by allowing researchers to test specific hypotheses on the factors affecting clades' realised niche width and position, and the potential effects of climate change on species' distributions.
Evolving beyond antiracism: Reflections on the experience of developing a cultural safety curriculum in a tertiary education setting
Authors: Hall Kerry , Vervoort Stacey , Del Fabbro Letitia , Rowe Minniss Fiona , Saunders Vicki , Martin Karen , Bialocerkowski Andrea , Milligan Eleanor , Syron Melanie , West Roianne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere is an inextricable link between cultural and clinical safety. In Australia high‐profile Aboriginal deaths in custody, publicised institutional racism in health services and the international Black Lives Matter movement have cemented momentum to ensure culturally safe care. However, racism within health professionals and health professional students remains a barrier to increasing the number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health professionals. The Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Strategy's objective to ‘eliminate racism from the health system’, and the recent adoption of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples led cultural safety definition, has instigated systems level reflections on decolonising practice. This article explores cultural safety as the conceptual antithesis to racism, examining its origins, and contemporary evolution led by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia, including its development in curriculum innovation. The application of cultural safety is explored using in‐depth reflection, and the crucial development of integrating critical consciousness theory, as a precursor to culturally safe practice, is discussed. Novel approaches to university curriculum development are needed to facilitate culturally safe and decolonised learning and working environments, including the key considerations of non‐Indigenous allyship and collaborative curriculum innovations and initiatives.
Beyond transformational leadership in nursing: A qualitative study on rebel nurse leadership‐as‐practice
Authors: Kok Eline de , Weggelaar Anne M. , Reede Corijna , Schoonhoven Lisette , Lalleman Pieterbas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMost nurse leadership studies have concentrated on a classical, heroic, and hierarchical view of leadership. However, critical leadership studies have argued the need for more insight into leadership in daily nursing practices. Nurses must align their professional standards and opinions on quality of care with those of other professionals, management, and patients. They want to achieve better outcomes for their patients but also feel disciplined and controlled. To deal with this, nurses challenge the status quo by showing rebel nurse leadership. In this paper, we describe 47 nurses’ experiences with rebel nurse leadership from a leadership‐as‐practice perspective. In eight focus groups, nurses from two hospitals and one long‐term care organization shared their experiences of rebel nurse leadership practices. They illustrated the differences between “bad” and “good” rebels. Knowledge, work experience, and patient‐driven motivation were considered necessary for “good” rebel leadership. The participants also explained that continuous social influencing is important while exploring and challenging the boundaries set by colleagues and management. Credibility, trust, autonomy, freedom, and preserving relationships determined whether rebel nurses acted visibly or invisibly. Ultimately, this study refines the concept of rebel nurse leadership, gives a better understanding of how this occurs in nursing practice, and give insights into the challenges faced when studying nursing leadership practices.
Identifying the optimal blood pressure for cerebral autoregulation in infants after cardiac surgery by monitoring cerebrovascular reactivity—A pilot study
Authors: Zipfel Julian , Wikidal Berit , Schwaneberg Bernadett , Schuhmann Martin U. , Magunia Harry , Hofbeck Michael , Schlensak Christian , Schmid Simon , Neunhoeffer Felix 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdvances in the treatment of pediatric congenital heart disease have increased survival rates. Despite efforts to prevent neurological injury, many patients suffer from impaired neurodevelopmental outcomes. Compromised cerebral autoregulation can increase the risk of brain injury following pediatric cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Monitoring autoregulation and maintaining adequate cerebral blood flow can help prevent neurological injury.AimsOur objective was to evaluate autoregulation parameters and to define the optimal blood pressure as well as the lower and upper blood pressure limits of autoregulation.MethodsAutoregulation was monitored prospectively in 36 infants after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery for congenital heart defects between January and December 2019. Autoregulation indices were calculated by correlating invasive arterial blood pressure, cortical oxygen saturation, and relative tissue hemoglobin levels with near‐infrared spectroscopy parameters.ResultsThe mean patient age was 4.1 ± 2.8 months, and the mean patient weight was 5.2 ± 1.8 kg. Optimal mean arterial pressure could be identified in 88.9% of patients via the hemoglobin volume index and in 91.7% of patients via the cerebral oxygenation index, and a lower limit of autoregulation could be found in 66.7% and 63.9% of patients, respectively. No significant changes in autoregulation indices at the beginning or end of the monitoring period were observed. In 76.5% ± 11.1% and 83.8% ± 9.9% of the 8 and 16 h monitoring times, respectively, the mean blood pressure was inside the range of intact autoregulation (below in 21.5% ± 25.4% and 11.3% ± 16.5% and above in 8.7% ± 10.4% and 6.0% ± 11.0%, respectively). The mean optimal blood pressure was 57.4 ± 8.7 mmHg and 58.2 ± 7.9 mmHg and the mean lower limit of autoregulation was 48.8 ± 8.3 mmHg and 45.5 ± 6.7 mmHg when generated via the hemoglobin volume index and cerebral oxygenation index, respectively.ConclusionsPostoperative noninvasive autoregulation monitoring after cardiac surgery in children can be reliably and safely performed using the hemoglobin volume index and cerebral oxygenation index and provides robust data. This monitoring can be used to identify individual hemodynamic targets to optimize autoregulation, which differs from those recommended in the literature. Further evaluation of this subject is needed.
Back to the roots: Understanding banana below‐ground interactions is crucial for effective management of Fusarium wilt
Authors: Were Evans , Viljoen Altus , Rasche Frank 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGlobal banana production is affected by Fusarium wilt, a devastating disease caused by the soilborne root‐infecting fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). Fusarium wilt is notoriously difficult to manage because infection arises through complex below‐ground interactions between Foc, the plant, and the soil microbiome in the root–soil interface, defined as the rhizosphere. Interactions in the rhizosphere play a pivotal role in processes associated with pathogen development and plant health. Modulation of these processes through manipulation and management of the banana rhizosphere provides an auspicious prospect for management of Fusarium wilt. Yet, a fundamental understanding of interactions in the banana rhizosphere is still lacking. The objective of this review is to discuss the state‐of‐the‐art of the relatively scant data available on banana below‐ground interactions in relation to Fusarium wilt and, as a result, to highlight key research gaps. Specifically, we seek to understand (a) the biology of Foc and its interaction with banana; (b) the ecology of Foc, including the role of root‐exuded metabolites in rhizosphere interactions; and (c) soil management practices and how they modulate Fusarium wilt. A better understanding of molecular and ecological factors influencing banana below‐ground interactions has implications for the development of targeted interventions in the management of Fusarium wilt through manipulation of the banana rhizosphere.