bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mammal use of some crossing structures in a Federal Highway in Jalisco, México
Authors: González-Gallina Alberto , Hidalgo-Mihart Mircea , Peña-Ramírez Marco A. , González-Gallina Alejandro 
Published: May 2022

Desde la construcción de la carretera Federal 200 en la costa de Jalisco, México, se ha generado una serie de procesos de degradación a lo largo de ésta. Sin tener ningún paso de fauna construido, la conectividad “segura” de los mamíferos se ha mantenido a través de arroyos y ríos con sus correspondientes puentes. Utilizamos foto-trampeo para monitorear 2 puentes y 1 alcantarilla en las inmediaciones de Careyes, dentro del área de influencia de la Reserva de la Biosfera Chamela-Cuixmala de noviembre 2020 a marzo 2021. Comparamos los puentes con cámaras arroyo-arriba para ver si existen diferencias en riqueza de especies y abundancia relativa. Con un esfuerzo de 736 noches / cámara obtuvimos un total de 421 registros de mamíferos, de los cuales 252 correspondientes a 14 especies de mamíferos, 12 nativas y 2 introducidas, que cruzaron por debajo de la carretera, 241 a través de puentes y 11 por alcantarilla. Las cámaras arroyo-arriba mostraron una mayor diversidad de mamíferos comparadas con los puentes. Los puentes de los arroyos sirven para mantener la conectividad de los mamíferos a través de la carretera. Los ungulados pueden utilizar la carretera más frecuentemente que los carnívoros debido a su reticencia a acercarse a caminos. Futuras estructuras de paso de fauna en esta carretera deben tener lo anterior en mente
Ecological connectivity and wildlife passages on roads: a reflection for México
Authors: Fernández-Buces Norma , Trinidad-Lora Karina , Olivé-Arrioja Marisol , Resendiz-Rodríguez Julisa , López-Noriega Sergio , Juárez-Casillas Luis Antonio 
Published: May 2022

La construcción de pasos para fauna silvestre es una tendencia creciente en el mundo, fundamentada en marcos jurídicos adecuados y experiencias prácticas que han dado como resultado la valoración de su eficacia y eficiencia en reducir el atropello, particularmente de mamíferos. No obstante, en México el tema es aún incipiente, con pocos ejemplos ejecutados y un marco legal específico inexistente; quedando su ejecución obligada a través de los resolutivos de autorización en impacto ambiental de los proyectos de infraestructura carretera. El papel que los pasos para fauna tienen en la conservación de la biodiversidad y recuperación de la conectividad en el paisaje es de gran relevancia; sin embargo, hacen falta a nivel mundial, planificar estudios que permitan cuantificar su relevancia en la conservación de comunidades y poblaciones de especies en el tiempo y espacio antes y después de su construcción. Esta nota resume algunas de las consideraciones actuales en materia de conectividad y fragmentación, y su relación con la construcción de pasos para fauna silvestre en la infraestructura vial como una forma de mitigar el daño ejercido, invitando a la reflexión sobre el estado que guarda México con respecto a estos temas y la importancia de retomarlos en la práctica y a través de un marco legal, como parte de los compromisos que México ha adquirido en materia de conservación de la biodiversidad a nivel mundial.
Impact of the roadkill of a jaguar cub (Panthera onca) on social networks and the inhabitants of Sinaloa, México
Authors: Rubio-Rocha Yamel , Chávez-Tovar Cuauhtémoc , Gaxiola-Camacho Soila , Ayala-Rubio Mariana , Alvarado-Hidalgo Daniel , Pérez-Camacho Alexis , Sicairos-López Jesús 
Published: May 2022

El tráfico vehicular en carreteras se ha evidenciado como un factor de riesgo más para la fauna silvestre; las muertes por atropellamiento de individuos pueden tener impactos negativos directos a nivel poblacional, sobre todo para aquellas especies en peligro de extinción, como es el jaguar (Panthera onca). El objetivo de este documento es dar a conocer el primer registro de atropellamiento de una cría de jaguar y el impacto que generó en comunidades del sur de Sinaloa, México. El accidente ocurrió en noviembre de 2020 en una carretera colindante a la reserva ecológica Meseta de Cacaxtla. Las personas involucradas en el rescate del cuerpo y los medios de comunicación dieron a conocer la muerte de la cría. Cerca de 50 mil personas fueron alcanzadas / informadas en redes sociales; en los pueblos de la región se llevaron a cabo talleres de educación ambiental, conferencias y webinarios, dirigidos a sensibilizar y tomar precauciones para evitar accidentes que comprometan el bienestar de la fauna y los transeúntes en carretera.
Overcoming OSCE anxiety
Authors: Chappell Ginny 
Published: May 2022

Objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) can generate more anxiety than other forms of assessment. Ginny Chappell looks at methods of overcoming this Objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) are used to assess competency in advanced practice programmes. OSCEs generate more anxiety than other forms of assessment, which can be helpful to motivate studying but 20% of students find their performance is affected. OSCE anxiety may activate the sympathetic nervous system (flight for fight response). Worrying and catastrophising can lead to negative self-talk and increase stress levels further. These thought patterns and behaviours can be overcome using mindfulness techniques (including deep breathing exercises and grounding techniques), thought reframing or cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), and with careful preparation for the examination. Mindfulness reduces the sympathetic response and CBT retrains the brain to increase the positive self-talk. Together these techniques help students overcome OSCE anxiety and give their best performance in the examination.
Artificial neural networks assisting the design of a dual-mode photonic crystal nanobeam cavity for simultaneous sensing of the refractive index and temperature
Authors: Gou Zixing , Wang Chao , Han Zhe , Nie Tongyu , Tian HuiPing 
Published: May 2022

We put forward a dual-mode photonic crystal nanobeam cavity for simultaneous sensing of the refractive index (RI) and temperature (T) designed with the assistance of artificial neural networks (ANNs). We choose the structure of quadratically tapered elliptical holes with a slot to improve the sensitivities of the two modes. To reduce the time consumption of the design, the ANNs are trained to predict the band structure and to inverse design the geometric structure. For the forward prediction and the inverse design neural networks, low mean square errors of

5.1

×

1

0

−
4

and

1.4

×

1

0

−
2

are achieved, respectively. Through a specific design of band properties by the well-trained neural networks, a dual-mode nanobeam sensor with high quality factors of

9.34

×

1

0

4

and

1.55

×

1

0

5

and a small footprint of

23.8

×

0.7

µ

m

2

are designed. The RI and

T

sensitivities of the air mode are 405 nm/RIU and 40 pm/K, respectively, whereas those of the dielectric mode are 531 nm/RIU and 27 pm/K, respectively. The present work shows significance in further research on the design and applications for dual-mode cavities.
Strain-free SESAMs with iron doped absorber for femtosecond fiber laser mode locking at 1560 nm
Authors: Dohms Alexander , Breuer Steffen , Skrobol Christoph , Kohlhaas Robert , Liebermeister Lars , Schell Martin , Globisch Björn 
Published: May 2022

Semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) are key devices for passive mode locking of numerous laser types and have been implemented for a variety of operational wavelengths ranging from 800 nm to 2400 nm. However, for 1560 nm the fabrication of SESAMs based on the standard AlAs/GaAs material system requires highly strained InGaAs absorber layers, which reduce the device efficiency and compromise fragile long-term performance. Here, we present SESAMs for ultrashort pulse generation at 1560 nm that are grown entirely lattice-matched to InP and thus have the potential for less structural defects and a higher operational lifetime. A highly reflective InGaAlAs-InAlAs Bragg mirror is capped with a heavily iron doped InGaAs:Fe absorber layer, which facilitates an unprecedented combination of sub-picosecond carrier lifetime and high optical quality. Therefore, the presented SESAMs show ultrafast response (τA < 1 ps), low non-saturable losses and high effective modulation depth (ΔReff ≥ 5.8%). Moreover, a nearly anti-resonant SESAM design provides high saturation and roll-over fluence (Fsat ≥ 17 µJ/cm2, F2 ≥ 21 mJ/cm2). With these SESAMs, we show self-starting and stable mode locking of an erbium doped fiber laser at 80 MHz repetition rate, providing ultrashort optical pulses at 17.5 mW average power.
Cardiovascular response to postural perturbations of different intensities in healthy young adults
Authors: Siedlecki Patrick , Shoemaker J. Kevin , Ivanova Tanya D. , Garland S. Jayne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe ability to regain control of balance is vital in limiting falls and injuries. Little is known regarding how the autonomic nervous system responds during recovery from balance perturbations of different intensities. The purpose of this study was to examine the cardiovascular response following a standing balance perturbation of varying intensities, quantify cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS) during standing perturbations, and to establish the stability of the cardiac baroreflex during quiet standing before and after balance disturbances. Twenty healthy participants experienced three different perturbation intensity conditions that each included 25 brief posteriorly‐directed perturbations, 8–10 s apart. Three perturbation intensity conditions (low, medium, high) were given in random order. Physiological data were collected in quiet stance for 5 min before testing (Baseline) and again after the perturbation conditions (Recovery) to examine baroreflex stability. Beat‐to‐beat heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) analysis post‐perturbation indicated an immediate acceleration of the HR for 1–2 s, with elevated SBP 4–5 s post‐perturbation. Heart rate changes were greatest in the medium (p = 0.035) and high (p = 0.012) intensities compared to low, while there were no intensity‐dependent changes in SBP. The cBRS was not intensity‐dependent (p = 0.402) but when perturbation conditions were combined, cBRS was elevated compared to Baseline (p = 0.046). The stability of baseline cBRS was excellent (ICC = 0.896) between quiet standing conditions. In summary, HR, but not SBP or cBRS were intensity‐specific during postural perturbations. This was the first study to examine cardiovascular response and cBRS to postural perturbations.
Sammeln, zerschlagen, wiedererrichten: zum wechselhaften Schicksal der Fürst zu Stolberg-Wernigerodeschen Bibliothek
Authors: Wendlik Steffen 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Die Fürst zu Stolberg-Wernigerodesche Bibliothek ist eine traditionsreiche Adelsbibliothek. Ihre Wurzeln reichen ins 16. Jahrhundert zurück. Ausgehend von Handschriftensammlungen und Sammlungsschwerpunkten wie (lutherischer) Theologie und Pietismus entwickelte sie sich bis Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts mit ca. 125.000 Bänden zu einer der bedeutenden deutschen Adelsbibliotheken. Infolge politischer Umbrüche Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts wurde die Bibliothek 1945–49 enteignet und weitgehend zerschlagen. Der Autor beschreibt seine Bemühungen, die nun zu restituierenden Bücher entsprechend ihrer kulturhistorischen Identität wieder zu einer Sammlung zusammenzuführen.
Open Access: Koste es, was es wolle?
Authors: Göttker Susanne 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel stellt die Empfehlungen des Wissenschaftsrates zur Transformation des wissenschaftlichen Publizierens zu Open Access vor und versucht die Kernpunkte herauszuarbeiten. Anhand dieser Punkte wird erläutert, warum mit diesen Empfehlungen deutlich wird, dass auch knapp 20 Jahre nach Unterzeichnung der Berliner Erklärung noch keine echte Transformation stattgefunden hat und auch den mannigfaltigen Anstrengungen auf bibliothekarischer Seite zum Trotz noch nicht stattfinden konnte. Der Artikel greift außerdem die Punkte der Empfehlungen auf, die vielversprechend sind, aber womöglich eines längeren Atems bedürfen als es manchen Beteiligten recht sein kann.
The clarification and application of the Numerus Clausus Principle of IP Rights in China
Authors: Cho Yongsun , Sun Shan , Chen Fangxin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Whether the Numerus Clausus Principle is adhered to in IP Rights (IPRs) Law determines whether judges have the discretion to explain the rights that have not been legislated in a case. Legal interest is the superordinate concept of right, and “other rights and interests prescribed by law” in Article(Art) 126 of the Civil Code of the PRC refer to different types of legal interests. The legal interests that judges give relief by exerting their discretion in a case are the “interest” in Art 126 of the Civil Code, which has not risen to legal rights. Those flexible expressions conflicting with the Numerus Clausus Principle in the separate IPRs laws should be revised in the future. The Numerus Clausus Principle also requires judges to apply open concepts carefully when judging and reasoning, and protecting legal interests discriminatively.
A systematic review on traditional medicinal Animal’s parts and products used for the treatment of respiratory tract disorders in Ethiopia
Authors: Getachew Melese , Alimaw Yigardush , Belayneh Anteneh , Kebede Bekalu , Tadege Getnet , Abebe Dehnnet 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Respiratory diseases affect more than one billion people worldwide. Although medicinal animals have huge importance in primary health care, limited effort applied so far been in Ethiopia to properly identify, document, and conserve these animals and the related knowledge. This systematic review was aimed to identify the medicinal animals and document reports on the use of medicinal animals for the management of respiratory disorders.

Methods
Both published and unpublished articles on the ethnozoological use of medicinal animals were searched using electronic database (Science Direct, Pub Med, Google Scholar, Scopus, hinari, and research gate) and institutional repositories. Different keywords were used separately and in combination using Boolean operators “OR” or “AND” as well as medical subject heading [MeSH] terms. Studies that did not address respiratory disorders were excluded. Data were extracted using Microsoft excel spread sheet.

Results
Among 211 articles obtained from database searches, nine articles were eligible and included in the review. Thirty two medicinal animals were reported for treatment of respiratory disorders. Mammals were the most commonly (43.8%) used medicinal animals. Meat was reported as the most commonly (22.6%) used medicinal remedy.

Conclusions
Most of the medicinal remedies were obtained from mammals and administered orally. As the majority of the medicinal animals were obtained from wild sources, due attention should be given to conserve them. Besides, this traditional medicinal knowledge should be integrated to modern medicine to investigate the acute and chronic toxicity profile and efficacy of these remedies to identify potential lead compounds to modern drugs.
Microvariation and Change in the Romance Left Periphery
Authors: Wolfe Sam 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite the vast literature which has accrued on the fine structure of the Romance left periphery, there exists no diachronic account of the emergence of the considerable microvariation between Romance varieties today. Focussing in particular on the syntax of French and Venetan varieties, this article suggests that certain northern Romance varieties have diverged maximally from an Early Medieval Romance norm in which each left-peripheral Head attracts a wide variety of suitable Goals for movement, unlike the ‘innovative’ Romance grammars which emerge in the post-medieval period where the suitable class of Goals becomes restricted along categorial or information-structural grounds. The account predicts that the most ‘conservative’ Modern Romance grammars allow widespread argument fronting via movement, whereas their most ‘innovative’ counterparts show heavy restrictions on such operations.
Rethinking Gender Principles in El Salvador: Evidence from /s/ Weakening
Authors: Brogan Franny D. , Yi Deborah 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Previous research on /s/ weakening in Spanish has consistently aligned with Labovian principles: women prefer the prestige variant, usually [s], while men favor nonstandard, lenited variants. However, in Salvadoran Spanish—a dialect that weakens /s/ across syllable positions and shows allophonic variation beyond the tripartite paradigm of [s]/[h]/[∅]—gender-based lenition patterns contradict this generalization. This study examines the production of phonological /s/ by 72 Salvadorans balanced for region, urbanicity, age, and gender who participated in sociolinguistic interviews in El Salvador in 2015. We find that women not only lenite /s/ at higher rates than men overall, but also produce significantly more of the variants that carry the most local stigma. We further find that, counterintuitively, women are significantly more likely than men to lenite /s/ in utterance- and word-initial prosodic positions, which are stronger and more perceptually salient than medial and final tokens. We argue that these discrepancies are best understood by taking El Salvador’s unique historical and sociopolitical context into account. Specifically, we propose that a culture of state-sanctioned violence against women and the unprecedented threat of gangs in El Salvador have led to the social segregation and linguistic isolation of women, affording them little access to standard linguistic forms even as globalization, urbanization, industrialization, and migration facilitate a shift toward linguistic standardization.
Corpus Data and the Position of Information Focus in Spanish
Authors: Heidinger Steffen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe syntactic position of information foci is the most vividly discussed issue in recent literature on focus in Spanish. An interesting aspect of this discussion is that the diverging views typically correlate with diverging methods: Authors who rely on their intuitions as native speakers typically assume that information foci are limited to the final position, while authors using experimental methods typically argue (based on their experimental data) that information foci are not limited to the final position. The present paper contributes to this debate by adding a new data type, namely corpus data. The main empirical finding of our corpus study is that information foci appear most frequently in final position but are not limited to the final position. The latter finding is in line with comparable experimental studies, but the preference for the final position in our corpus data is not found in all experimental studies. Further, our results challenge the common view in the introspection-based literature according to which the information focus needs to be in final position in Spanish. In addition to this empirical contribution we offer a reflection on the merits of corpus data in this domain of linguistic research.
El uso de adverbios locativos con pronombres posesivos en el español uruguayo: un análisis diacrónico y probabilístico
Authors: Marttinen Larsson Matti , Álvarez López Laura 
Published: May 2022

ResumenEl presente artículo se centra en el uso variable de las construcciones adverbiales locativas del tipo(a)delante de mí –(a)delante míoen el español del Uruguay. Estudiamos los usos de tales variantes,destacando el proceso diacrónico de cambio lingüístico y los mecanismos subyacentes a este. A través del análisis cuantitativo de un conjunto de más de dos mil datos extraídos de cinco corpus comparables, describimos los contextos lingüísticos de empleo de estas construcciones entre 1900 y 2019. Comprobamos que la probabilidad de encontrar la variante posesiva aumenta con el tiempo y que esta forma innovadora se difunde particularmente junto a adverbios prefijados y con referentes de las 1ay 2apersonas del singular (como ena-delante mío y a-trás tuyo). Al comparar estos resultados con los que se han obtenido anteriormente con datos de España, constatamos que el español uruguayo y el peninsular comparten una gramática probabilística de esta variación morfosintáctica, mostrando tendencias altamente similares con relación a los factores lingüísticos que condicionan el fenómeno estudiado (persona gramatical, número gramatical, tipo de locativo).
Prosodic Marking of Object Focus in L2 Spanish
Authors: Alvarado Covadonga Sánchez , Armstrong Meghan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractL + H* is used for corrective focus both in American English and Peninsular Spanish, but its phonetic implementation may still differ. Furthermore, features such as longer duration or relative F0 differences correlate as well with the realization of corrective focus in both languages. For L2 speakers, the acquisition of these form-meaning associations may be constrained by patterns of transfer from the L1, universal tendencies such as the use of default intonational patterns, or development of the L2 grammar. We analyzed four acoustic features (i.e., peak alignment, pitch scaling, relative F0, and duration) as manifested in informational and corrective object focus statements elicited from 10 native Spanish speakers and 10 English-speaking learners of Spanish through a question-and-answer pairs task. Our findings reveal that while learners of Spanish can adjust the phonetic implementation of focal accents towards the target (e.g., producing earlier peaks and longer stressed vowels), L1 English features (e.g., wider pitch scaling and smaller relative F0 differences) are also manifested in their production. We discuss these findings in connection with Mennen, Ineke. 2015. Beyond segments: Towards a L2 intonation learning theory. In Elisabeth Delais-Roussarie, Mathieu Avanzi & Sophie Herment (eds.),Prosody and languages in contact, 171–188. Berlin: Springer. L2 Intonation Learning theory as well as previous studies in an effort to improve understanding of the constraining factors in the development of L2 intonational grammars.
Analysis of inappropriate repeated laboratory testing
Authors: Bozyigit Cengiz , Odabasi Merve Sena , Dirican Melahat 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Laboratory services are an important part of the healthcare system. However many requested tests may be considered inappropriate or unnecessary. We evaluated laboratory use in a period of 3 years in terms of the inappropriate test repeats.

Methods
We analyzed inappropriate repeat rate (IRR) of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), 25-OH vitamin D [25(OH)D], thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO), vitamin B12, folate, iron, ferritin and total cholesterol in the light of clinical guidelines.

Results
IRR of 3 year was found to be 10% on average (4.2–15.5%). In TSH, FT3, and FT4 parameters, IRR was between 4.2 and 5.3%, while it was between 12.9 and 15.5% for 25(OH)D, iron, ferritin, and total cholesterol. In all tests (except anti-TPO), IRRs were found to be higher in inpatients for each of the 3 years. Inappropriate repetition of total cholesterol, iron, and ferritin parameters were more frequent in men. Inappropriate repeats were performed in all parameters (except HbA1c) after a result that had been in the reference range.

Conclusions
Examined test repetitions were mostly inappropriate. To reduce the inappropriate laboratory test requests, it is important to analyze the causes and to ensure cooperation between laboratory specialists and clinicians.