bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet, activity patterns, and home range use in forest and cultivated areas for one wild group of endangered crested capuchin monkeys (Sapajus robustus) in Reserva Natural Vale, Espírito Santo, Brazil
Authors: Martins Waldney P. , Izar Patrícia , Araujo Walter S. , Rodrigues Flávio H. , Lynch Jessica W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRobust capuchin monkeys (Sapajusspp.) are distributed widely in the Neotropics and may be able to survive in modified landscapes because of their omnivorous, opportunistic diet. The poorly known and endangered crested capuchin monkey (Sapajus robustus) is endemic to the Atlantic Forest in Bahia, Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo states, Brazil. We collected data on diet and home range for a crested capuchin group with access to forest and cultivated areas. We hypothesized that with access to cultivated exotic fruit, capuchins would use cultivated areas more for feeding during the season of fruit scarcity in the surrounding forest and have a small home range size because of higher fruit availability. Both the forest and the cultivated areas peaked in fruit availability in the wet season, with a low proportion of trees producing fruit in the dry season; cultivated areas had a higher proportion of trees in fruit compared to the forest throughout the study. While monkeys consumed exotic fruits like jackfruit and oil palm, we recorded more samples of them eating forest fruits than exotic fruits in all but 1 month, and they consumed a more diverse array of forest fruits (56 species) but only six exotic species. Home range size was relatively small compared with other studies: 120.5 ha across the year (wet season 102 ha, dry season 111.5 ha). Natural and human‐intensified fruit sources in a protected area without hunting may have allowed monkeys to maintain a smaller home range size. The group composition changed during the study; this also likely influenced home range use. Studies focused on robust capuchin groups that utilize agricultural or cultivated foods may underestimate home range needs for groups without access to human‐intensified food sources. Studying crested capuchin ecology in additional locations will be important for establishing a sound species conservation program.
Test‐retest variability of plasma biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease and its effects on clinical prediction models
Authors: Cullen Nicholas C. , Janelidze Shorena , Mattsson‐Carlgren Niklas , Palmqvist Sebastian , Bittner Tobias , Suridjan Ivonne , Jethwa Alexander , Kollmorgen Gwendlyn , Brum Wagner S. , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Stomrud Erik , Hansson Oskar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe effect of random error on the performance of blood‐based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) must be determined before clinical implementation.MethodsWe measured test‐retest variability of plasma amyloid beta (Aβ)42/Aβ40, neurofilament light (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and phosphorylated tau (p‐tau)217 and simulated effects of this variability on biomarker performance when predicting either cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ status or conversion to AD dementia in 399 non‐demented participants with cognitive symptoms.ResultsClinical performance was highest when combining all biomarkers. Among single‐biomarkers, p‐tau217 performed best. Test‐retest variability ranged from 4.1% (Aβ42/Aβ40) to 25% (GFAP). This variability reduced the performance of the biomarkers (≈ΔAUC [area under the curve] −1% to −4%) with the least effects on models with p‐tau217. The percent of individuals with unstable predicted outcomes was lowest for the multi‐biomarker combination (14%).DiscussionClinical prediction models combining plasma biomarkers—particularly p‐tau217—exhibit high performance and are less effected by random error. Individuals with unstable predicted outcomes (“gray zone”) should be recommended for further tests.
Assessing the performance of different outcomes for tumor growth studies with animal models
Authors: Patten Luke W. , Blatchford Patrick , Strand Matthew , Kaizer Alexander M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe consistency of reporting results for patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) studies is an area of concern. The PDX method commonly starts by implanting a derivative of a human tumor into a mouse, then comparing the tumor growth under different treatment conditions. Currently, a wide array of statistical methods (e.g., t‐test, regression, chi‐squared test) are used to analyze these data, which ultimately depend on the outcome chosen (e.g., tumor volume, relative growth, categorical growth). In this simulation study, we provide empirical evidence for the outcome selection process by comparing the performance of both commonly used outcomes and novel variations of common outcomes used in PDX studies. Data were simulated to mimic tumor growth under multiple scenarios, then each outcome of interest was evaluated for 10 000 iterations. Comparisons between different outcomes were made with respect to average bias, variance, type‐1 error, and power. A total of 18 continuous, categorical, and time‐to‐event outcomes were evaluated, with ultimately 2 outcomes outperforming the others: final tumor volume and change in tumor volume from baseline. Notably, the novel variations of the tumor growth inhibition index (TGII)—a commonly used outcome in PDX studies—was found to perform poorly in several scenarios with inflated type‐1 error rates and a relatively large bias. Finally, all outcomes of interest were applied to a real‐world dataset.
GGC Repeat Expansion of RILPL1 is Associated with Oculopharyngodistal Myopathy
Authors: Zeng Yi‐Heng , Yang Kang , Du Gan‐Qin , Chen Yi‐Kun , Cao Chun‐Yan , Qiu Yu‐Sen , He Jin , Lv Hai‐Dong , Qu Qian‐Qian , Chen Jian‐Nan , Xu Guo‐Rong , Chen Long , Zheng Fu‐Ze , Zhao Miao , Lin Min‐Ting , Chen Wan‐Jin , Hu Jing , Wang Zhi‐Qiang , Wang Ning 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveOculopharyngodistal myopathy (OPDM) is an adult‐onset neuromuscular disease characterized by progressive ptosis, dysarthria, ophthalmoplegia, and distal muscle weakness. Recent studies revealed that GGC repeat expansions in 5′‐UTR of LRP12, GIPC1, and NOTCH2NLC are associated with OPDM. Despite these advances, approximately 30% of OPDM patients remain genetically undiagnosed. Herein, we aim to investigate the genetic basis for undiagnosed OPDM patients in two unrelated Chinese Han families.MethodsParametric linkage analysis was performed. Long‐read sequencing followed by repeat‐primed polymerase chain reaction and amplicon length polymerase chain reaction were used to determine the genetic cause. Targeted methylation sequencing was implemented to detect epigenetic changes. The possible pathogenesis mechanism was investigated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, and immunofluorescence staining of muscle biopsy samples.ResultsThe disease locus was mapped to 12q24.3. Subsequently, GGC repeat expansion in the promoter region of RILPL1 was identified in six OPDM patients from two families, findings consistent with a founder effect, designated as OPDM type 4. Targeted methylation sequencing revealed hypermethylation at the RILPL1 locus in unaffected individuals with ultralong expansion. Analysis of muscle samples showed no significant differences in RILPL1 mRNA or RILPL1 protein levels between patients and controls. Public CAGE‐seq data indicated that alternative transcription start sites exist upstream of the RefSeq‐annotated RILPL1 transcription start site. Strand‐specific RNA‐seq data revealed bidirectional transcription from the RILPL1 locus. Finally, fluorescence in situ hybridization/immunofluorescence staining showed that both sense and antisense transcripts formed RNA foci, and were co‐localized with hnRNPA2B1 and p62 in the intranuclear inclusions of OPDM type 4 patients.InterpretationOur findings implicate abnormal GGC repeat expansions in the promoter region of RILPL1 as a novel genetic cause for OPDM, and suggest a methylation mechanism and a potential RNA toxicity mechanism are involved in OPDM type 4 pathogenesis. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:512–526
Linear Nonalternant Isomers of Acenes Fusing Multiple Azulene Units
Authors: Wang Shangshang , Tang Min , Wu Lin , Bian Lifang , Jiang Liang , Liu Jiali , Tang Zheng‐Bin , Liang Yimin , Liu Zhichang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA modular approach to azulene building blocks was developed starting from readily available aryl‐substituted cyclopentadiene and ortho‐haloaryl aldehyde by dehydration condensation followed by palladium‐catalyzed C−H coupling. It facilitates the synthesis of four nonalternant isomers of pentacene and hexacene, namely, dibenzo[e,g]azulene, benzo[1,2‐f : 5,4‐f′]diazulene, benzo[1,2‐f : 4,5‐f′]diazulene, and naphtho[2,3‐f : 6,7‐f′]diazulene, which exhibit narrow band gaps with high stability in addition to protonation‐caused enhanced near‐infrared fluorescence. We discovered that in these isomers, i) constitutional isomerism influences significantly their photoelectric properties and ii) the elongation of the conjugation system does not necessarily lead to a narrowing in the band gap. Due to the easy modifiability of the nonazulene building blocks, this strategy can be extended to modularly prepare numerous multiazulene‐fused aromatics.
A Stable and Conductive Covalent Organic Framework with Isolated Active Sites for Highly Selective Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Acetate
Authors: Qiu Xiao‐Feng , Huang Jia‐Run , Yu Can , Zhao Zhen‐Hua , Zhu Hao‐Lin , Ke Zhuofeng , Liao Pei‐Qin , Chen Xiao‐Ming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractElectroreduction of CO2to acetate provides a promising strategy to reduce CO2emissions and store renewable energy, but acetate is usually a by‐product. Here, we show a stable and conductive two‐dimensional phthalocyanine‐based covalent‐organic framework (COF) as an electrocatalyst for reduction of CO2to acetate with a single‐product Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 90.3(2)% at −0.8 V (vs. RHE) and a current density of 12.5 mA cm−2in 0.1 M KHCO3solution. No obvious degradation was observed over 80 hours of continuous operation. Combined with the comparison of the properties of other catalysts with isolated metal active sites, theoretical calculations and in situ infrared spectroscopy revealed that the isolated copper‐phthalocyanine active site with high electron density is conducive to the key step of C−C coupling of *CH3with CO2to produce acetate, and can avoid the coupling of *CO with *CO or *CHO to produce ethylene and ethanol.
Capture of Hydroxyl Radicals by Hydronium Cations in Water Microdroplets
Authors: Xing Dong , Meng Yifan , Yuan Xu , Jin Shuihui , Song Xiaowei , Zare Richard N. , Zhang Xinxing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite the high stability of bulk water, water microdroplets possess strikingly different properties, such as the presence of hydroxyl radicals (OH⋅) at the air–water interface. Previous studies exhibited the recombination of OH⋅ into H2O2 molecules and the capture of OH⋅ by oxidizing other molecules. By spraying pure water microdroplets into a mass spectrometer, we detected OH⋅ in the form of (H4O2)+ that is essentially OH⋅−H3O+, a hydroxyl radical combined with a hydronium cation through hydrogen bonding. We also successfully captured it with two OH⋅ scavengers, caffeine and melatonin, and key oxidation radical intermediates that bear important mechanistic information were seen. It is suggested that some previous reactions involving (H4O2)+ should be attributed to reactions with OH⋅−H3O+ rather than with the water dimer cation (H2O−OH2)+.
Zn0.52V2O5−a⋅1.8 H2O Cathode Stabilized by In Situ Phase Transformation for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries with Ultra‐Long Cyclability
Authors: Liang Wenhao , Rao Dewei , Chen Tao , Tang Rongfeng , Li Jun , Jin Huile 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDeveloping cathode materials integrating good rate performance and sufficient cycle life is the key to commercialization of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. The hyperstable Zn0.52V2O5−a⋅1.8 H2O (ZVOH) cathode with excellent rate performance has been successfully developed via an in situ self‐transformation from zinc‐rich Zn3V3O8 (ZVO) in this study. Different from the common synthetic method of additional Zn2+ pre‐insertion, ZVOH is obtained from the insertion of structural H2O and the removal of excess Zn2+ in ZVO, ensuring the lattice structure of ZVOH remains relatively intact during the phase transition and rendering good structural stabilities. The ZVOH delivers a reversible capacity of 286.2 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and of 161.5 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1 over 18 000 cycles with a retention of 95.4 %, demonstrating excellent rate performance and cyclic stability. We also provide new insights on the structural self‐optimization of Znx(CF3SO3)y(OH)2x−y⋅n H2O byproducts and the effect on the mobility of Zn2+ by theoretical calculations and experimental evidence.
Preparation of poly(melamine‐formaldehyde‐2,2′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine) high‐performance fibers
Authors: He Jianming , Liu Shaoying , Chen Dongliang , Wang Gongying , Wang Qingyin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMelamine formaldehyde fiber is widely used in various fields because of its excellent heat resistance and flame‐retardant properties. In this study, melamine and paraformaldehyde are used as the main raw materials, 2,2′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (TFMB) is successfully introduced into the molecular chain. The TFMB modified spinning solutions (MF‐TFMB) are obtained by one‐step copolymerization, the TFMB‐modified melamine‐formaldehyde fibers (MFF‐TFMB) are prepared by dry spinning. The surface contact angle and surface energy are measured by a contact angle measuring instrument. The thermal stability and mechanical properties of the fibers are measured by a thermogravimetric analyzer and a single‐fiber strength tester. The results show that the introduction of the TFMB group reduces the surface free energy of the polymer and effectively improves the heat resistance and mechanical properties of the fiber. When the addition amount of TFMB is 3%, the MFF‐TFMB‐3% fiber has smooth surface and bubble‐free inside, the breaking strength is 2.25 cN/dtex and the elongation at break is 11.85%. The limiting oxygen index is 32.5%, and the mass loss rate is decreased from 63.88% to 51.36% at 400°C. The fiber has excellent thermal stability and flame‐retardant properties.
Self‐dispersible waterborne comb‐like polyester with alkali resistance and pigment‐dispersion capability
Authors: Fu Hao , Gong Shu‐ling 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWaterborne polyester is a common eco‐friendly material in which ester bonds are easy to hydrolyze. Therefore, we synthesized a series of waterborne comb‐like polyesters (WCPEs) with hydrophilic side chains through aza‐Michael addition under green and mild conditions. The physicochemical structure of the polyesters was verified by 1H NMR, FTIR, and GPC characterizations. The pH value of dispersions dropped by less than 0.7 after storage for 2 months. The dispersions remained stable after 6 months at room temperature. In addition, the WCPEs exhibited good wetting and dispersing ability for pigment particles as Tego 740 W, which is a mature pigment dispersant product for waterborne coatings. Moreover, the cross‐linked WCPEs exhibited excellent chemical resistance, there was only 1.2% weight loss, and almost no mechanism properties decline for cross‐linked transparent films even after treatment under an alkaline environment for 20 days. Thus, the synthesized WCPE has potential application as an alkali resistance eco‐friendly material, and possesses excellent performance as pigment‐dispersion resin.
Developing artificial nest boxes for a large aquatic mammal
Authors: Kunnasranta Mervi , Niemi Marja , Auttila Miina 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Nest boxes and other human‐made constructions have been widely and successfully used as conservation tools to increase nest‐availability for hollow‐dependent fauna, especially birds and some small and medium mammals.
This study applies, for the first time, this recovery technique to a large aquatic mammal, aiming to improve resting, birthing and nursing sites of endangered Saimaa ringed seals (Pusa hispida saimensis) by developing artificial nest boxes. This landlocked subspecies' breeding habitat is severely affected by climate change. Because of mild winters, sufficient ice and snow habitat for subnivean lairs is lacking.
In this study, floating nest boxes were developed. It was found that free‐ranging ringed seals accept nest boxes as sites for resting, birthing and nursing. Thirty‐four boxes in total were offered during six successive breeding seasons. Almost half (47%) of the available boxes were used by seals, and two pups were born and reared in the boxes during the 6‐year study.
Our study indicates that this innovative technique can be a valuable tool for the Saimaa ringed seal conservation in the changing climate.
Optical analysis of Sr3Gd(PO4)3:Pr3+ phosphors for lighting applications
Authors: Shahab Khan P. , Jamalaiah B. C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA series of praseodymium (Pr3+) ion activated Sr3Gd(1−x)(PO4)3:xPr3+ (0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0 mol%) phosphors were prepared and their structural, compositional and luminescence properties were investigated. The X‐ray diffraction profiles indicate that the studied phosphors crystallized into body centred cubic structure and the Pr3+ ions have no influence on Sr3Gd(PO4)3 phase. The high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy images show the agglomeration of particles that are inter‐connected and form irregular shape Sr3Gd(PO4)3 structures. The excitation transitions corresponding to Pr3+:3H4 → 3P2,1,0 transitions at 445, 471 and 483 nm, respectively, matched well with the emission of blue‐light‐emitting diode (LED) chip. The emission spectra show strong reddish‐orange luminescence through 1D2 → 3H4 transition when excited at 445 nm blue wavelength. The synthesized phosphors have the potential to be used as reddish‐orange lighting devices.
Statins associate with lower risk of biliary tract cancers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cheung Ka Shing , Yeung Yan Wang Matthew , Wong Wing Sum , Li Bofei , Seto Wai Kay , Leung Wai K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundBiliary tract cancers (BTCs), encompassing cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), gallbladder (GBC), and ampulla of Vater cancers (AVC), are common hepatobiliary cancer after hepatocellular carcinoma with a high mortality rate. As there is no effective chemopreventive agent to prevent BTCs, this study aimed to explore the role of statins on the risk of BTCs.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception until 24 April 2020 were searched according to the Meta‐Analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. The adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) of BTCs and individual cancer were pooled using a random‐effects model.ResultsEight observational studies (3 cohort and 5 case–control studies) were included with 10,485,231 patients. The median age was 68.0 years (IQR: 67.0–71.5) and 48.3% were male. Statins were associated with a lower risk of all BTCs (aRR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.51–0.87). The pooled aRR for CCA was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.38–0.94) and GBC was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.68–0.90). There was only one study on AVC with aRR of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.66–1.41). The pooled aRR for lipophilic and hydrophilic statins was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.69–0.88) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.61–0.80), respectively. The effects were attenuated in studies that adjusted for aspirin and/or non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (aRR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.72–0.89) and metformin (aRR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.72–0.90).ConclusionsStatins, both lipophilic and hydrophobic, were associated with a lower risk of BTCs, particularly CCA and GBC.
Synthesis of New Pyrimidine‐Triazole Derivatives and Investigation of Their Anticancer Activities
Authors: Osmaniye Derya , Hıdır Arzu , Sağlık Begüm Nurpelin , Levent Serkan , Özkay Yusuf , Kaplancıklı Zafer Asım 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAromatase inhibitors are the most used anticancer drug group in breast cancer cases. The development of resistance in cancer patients over time and the side effects of existing drugs make the need for new and effective agents permanent. In this study, 10 novel pyrimidine‐triazole derivatives were synthesized and their anticancer activities were investigated. Compounds 5c and 5g showed inhibitor activity against MCF‐7 cell line with IC50=1.573±0.020; 3.698±0.056 μM value, respectively. As a result of in vitro aromatase enzyme inhibition test, compounds 5c and 5g were exhibited significant activity with IC50=0.082±0.007 μM and IC50=0.198±0.015 μM, respectively. Estimated physicochemical parameters were calculated using the online SwissADME program for all compounds. Interaction modes of the compounds 5c and 5g were investigated against aromatase enzyme by means of docking studies. As a result of the studies, the importance of the triazole ring for aromatase inhibition has been understood.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Long‐Range Isomerization of Aryl Olefins
Authors: Ge Qianyi , Meng Jingjie , Liu Huikang , Yang Zehua , Wu Zhengxing , Zhang Wanbin 
Published: June 2022

Comprehensive SummaryLong‐range olefin isomerization could lead to the remote functionalization of hydrocarbon chains, which is advantageous with regards to atom‐, step‐, and redox economy. However, present methodologies for long‐range olefin isomerization are mainly focused on heteroatom directed remote olefin migration; studies using aryl groups as the directing group are limited. The limited examples either utilize aryl olefins with special substituted groups on a benzene ring, or use elaborately optimized ligands or co‐catalysts to accelerate the isomerization. A more simple catalytic system for general aryl olefins, without the need for special ligands or co‐catalysts, was to be developed. Herein, we report a Pd‐catalyzed long‐range olefin isomerization (up to 15 units) for general aryl olefins via a 1,2‐hydrogen shift mechanism. This methodology provides a simple pathway to long‐range olefin isomerization without the participation of special ligands or co‐catalysts.
Evaluating the sustainability of patient navigation programs in oncology by length of existence, funding, and payment model participation
Authors: Garfield Kathryn M. , Franklin Elizabeth F. , Battaglia Tracy A. , Dwyer Andrea J. , Freund Karen M. , Wightman Patrick D. , Rohan Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUNDFor this study, the authors examined whether specific programmatic factors were associated with the sustainability of patient navigation programs.METHODSThis cross‐sectional survey explored navigation programmatic factors associated with 3 measures of sustainability: 1) length of program existence, 2) reliance on sustainable funding, and 3) participation in alternative payment models. In total, 750 patient navigators or program administrators affiliated with oncology navigation programs in clinical‐based and community‐based settings completed the survey between April and July 2019.RESULTSAssociations were observed between both accreditation and work setting and measures of program sustainability. Accredited programs and larger, more resourced clinical institutions were particularly likely to exhibit multiple measures of sustainability. The results also identified significant gaps at the programmatic level in data collection and reporting among navigation programs, but no association was observed between programmatic data collection/reporting and sustainability.CONCLUSIONSNavigation is not currently a reimbursable service and has historically been viewed as value‐added in oncology settings. Therefore, factors associated with sustainability are critical to understand how to build a framework for successful navigation programs within the current system and also to develop the case for potential reimbursement in the future.