bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extended Eddystone-TLM Frame for Sensor Data Broadcasting in the IoT
Authors: Padiya Sagar Damodar , Gulhane Vijay S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In an IoT system, various wireless communication technologies are used to connect devices but most have limited capabilities, due to these lightweight protocols being required to reduce resources and energy consumption. The optimized data transmission improves the sensor performance and network bandwidth utilization. According to the comparative analysis of wireless technologies, Bluetooth Low-Energy-based Beacon has proved as the most promising technology for short-range wireless communications. Beacon devices periodically broadcast certain data packets to notify their presence or share short messages. Google’s Eddystone is a protocol for proximity beacon messages with four different frames that may be used individually or in combinations. The Eddystone-TLM frame is useful to transmit telemetry data of 14 bytes to the administrators and have 6 bytes NOT USED field. This research defined an extended Eddystone-TLM frame for sensor data broadcasting (6 Bytes) without affecting the regular operation.
Characterization of Heterorhabditis indica (Nematoda: Rhabditida) and their efficacy against insect pests by using regression probit analysis model: Implication on biological control of pest management
Authors: Bhargava Suman , Sharma Himani , Chaubey Ashok Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The potential of Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) under laboratory conditions against insect pests has been known worldwide. In the present investigation, the isolates were recovered from the Indian soils and the susceptibility of Galleria mellonella and Spodoptera litura to the infection of EPN was examined. Among all the collected 360 soil samples, four soil samples were found to be positive for the EPN strains and docketed as CH22, CH23, CH25 and CH26.The isolated strains were identified as Heterorhabditis indica based on the morphology, morphometry and phylogenetic analysis. Only one species of Heterorhabditis has been recovered from the Indian soils which could be inferred as one of the dominant species of EPN in Uttar Pradesh, India. The principal component analysis (PCA) values showed large intraspecific differences between the isolated strains and interspecific differences between the species of the Indica group. The laboratory bioassays against the G.mellonella and S.litura revealed the highest virulent strain in CH23 and the least virulence were observed in CH26. The median lethal concentration of CH23 isolate obtained from the bioassays showed high virulence against G. mellonella (LC50 =22.688) and S. litura (LC50 =76.454) within 36 hrs. The CH23 and CH26 isolates showed a positive correlation between the dose and % mortality against both pests.The CH23 strain of H. indica showed high virulence and can be exploited as a new bio-control agent against the insect pest in the integrated pest management programmes (IPM).
An Advanced Twin Support Vector Machine Algorithm for Gene Splicing Sites Prediction
Authors: Zhang Fuquan , Wang Yiou , Mei Peng , Liu Laiyang , Xia Yong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Gene splicing sites prediction is of great significance, not only for the large-scale and high-quality computational annotation of genomes, but also for the analysis and prediction of the gene sequences evolutionary process. It is helpful to promote the development of smart healthcare. Traditional Twin Support Vector Machines (TWSVM) algorithm has advantages in solving small-sample, nonlinear and high-dimensional problems, but it cannot deal with parameter selection well. Therefore, a Particle Swarm Optimization Twin Support Vector Machines (PSO-TWSVM) algorithm for gene splicing sites prediction was proposed in this paper. In order to avoid the blindness of parameter selection, particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to find the optimal parameters of twin support vector machines. The proposed algorithm was compared with traditional TWSVM algorithm and Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) algorithm. The comparison results show that the positive sample prediction rate, negative sample prediction rate and correlation coefficient (CC) of the proposed algorithm are the best among the three different support vector machines. The proposed algorithm effectively improves the prediction rate and the accuracy of splice sites. The comparison experiments verify the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.
Studies of Air - Layering Pecans: Effect of Date of Propagation, Wounding, and Indol-3-Butyric Acid on Rooting of Air-Layered Pecan Terminals, Carya Illinoensis
Authors: Stuart Koch Cv. , Pokorny F. A. , Sparks Darrell 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Commercially, pecan cultivars are grafted onto seedling rootstocks, resulting in considerable variability in the scion cultivar. Mature trees vary greatly in size and nut yields. Significant differences occur in the mineral content of leaves from individual trees receiving equal amounts of fertilizer (4). Such variability makes it difficult to conduct meaningful nutritional studies.
Mineral Composition of Turfgrasses
Authors: Butler J. D. , Hodges T. K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The mineral composition of grasses commonly used for turf has received little study. This is especially so for the micronutrient elements. Some data are available for grasses grown under pasture conditions (7), however, most of these grasses and their method of culture are quite different from turfgrasses. The paucity of information on turfgrasses prompted this survey of the mineral composition of several grasses commonly used for ornamental purposes. The grasses studied were grown in the field under a maintenance program typical of that used for turfgrasses. The results should be of value for future comparisons where nutrient toxicities, deficiencies or imbalances are suspected.
Stereoscan Electron Microscope1: A Useful Tool for Studying Plant Tissues2
Authors: Simons Roy K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Evaluation of plant tissues with anatomical diversity has been a long, tedious process by the conventional methods for anatomical research. Severe treatment by chemicals and heat often destroy or distort the specimen to a point where it is rendered useless. Size and number of specimens to be evaluated has also been a limiting factor for processing in anatomical studies
A Procedure for the Measurement of Carbon Dioxide Evolution from Individual Fruits over Brief Time Intervals12
Authors: Scott L. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A procedure is given for measurement of carbon dioxide evolution from individual fruits during brief time intervals, by utilizing the change in optical density of a bromthymol blue-sodium bicarbonate solution exposed to varying CO2 atmospheres. The method permits the accurate estimation of CO2 evolution during a five-minute period from a single 100 g fruit respiring at the rate of less than 5 ml CO2/kg/hr. Although the system is “static,” build-up of CO2 concentrations surrounding the respiring fruit held to less than 1%.
Quantitative Gas Chromatography of Sugars and Related Polyhydroxy Compounds in Horticultural Crops
Authors: Williams Max W. , Martin George C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The determination of sugars and sugar alcohols in horticultural crops is time-consuming and often difficult because of interfering substances. The quantitative deteimination of the individual sugars in a sample has until recently been very difficult. The work of Sweeley and co-workers (2), on the formation and subsequent gas chromatography of trimethylsilyl (TMS) ether derivatives of carbohydrates and related polyhydroxy compounds, has made it possible to determine individual sugars quantitatively.
Drop of Maturing Apples Associated with Bird Feeding1
Authors: Mitterling Lloyd A. , Lucas Joseph J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Further studies of bird damage on apples indicate that fruit dropping as a result of bird activities may be a greater economic loss than feeding damage. Since feeding wounds are caused during the fruit maturation period, the amount of dropped fruit resulting is directly related to two independent factors; first, the inherent ability of the variety to retain its fruit and second, the stage of fruit maturation when damage occurs.
Light in Relation to Seed Germination of Blueberries, Strawberries, and Rubus
Authors: Scott D. H. , Draper A. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Irregular germination and delayed emergence of blueberry, strawberry, blackberry and raspberry seedlings have been noted by various investigators. Seed treatments such as afterripening (1) and acid scarification of strawberry seed (2) improved rapidity of germination, but neither treatment fully overcame the delay in seed germination. In a study with blueberry seed, after-ripening did not improve germination (2). Sporadic germination and delayed emergence of seedlings complicates a breeding program when uniform size of seedlings is desired.
An Abnormal Periderm Character in Carrots1
Authors: Harney Patricia M. , Lal Amrit , Dickson M. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study was initiated to determine the mode of inheritance of matte skin, an abnormal root periderm characteristic in inbred lines of the Nantes type carrot. This characteristic was observed during a breeding program at the Ontario Agricultural College (1). Although no conclusive genetic information was obtained, certain anatomical and physiological aspects of the anomaly were ascertained.
A Rapid Method for Preparation of Plant Material for Paraffin Embedding1
Authors: Halfacre R. G. , Walton A. M. , Osborne J. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The standard method of preparing plant material by hand for histological study takes several days (1,2). A procedure is described herein which reduces processing time to 17 hours or less and provides tissues which are completely dehydrated and infiltrated. Up to 100 samples can be prepared within this time period. The method requires a minimum expenditure of time without sacrificing cytological detail.
A Study of the Relationship Between Climate and Apple Fruit Growth
Authors: Blanpied G. D. , O’Kennedy N. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of climate on the growth of apple fruits in Ireland. To reduce the limitations of a one year study, fruit growth measurements were made of several apple varieties grown under variable conditions of location, soil type, planting and training system, rootstock, nutritional level, tree age and crop load. Under these variable conditions, similar changes in fruit growth rate would likely be caused by some facet(s) of climate.
The Effects of Maleic Hydrazide on Caffeine, Tannin, DNA, and RNA Content in Tea, Camellia sinensis1
Authors: Biswas P. K. , Hall Oscar , Mayberry B. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Maleic hydrazide (MH) is known to affect physiological and morphological responses in various plant species including tea. The role of caffeine, tannin, DNA, and RNA in various species of plants has been the subject of scientific investigation for many years. To date, this subject still has need of continued research in order to draw conclusions as to the relationship of caffeine and tannin to the taste, quality, and flavor of beverages (tea).
Responses of Butternut Squash to N-Dimethyl Amino Succinamic Acid1
Authors: Hopp R. J. , Rochester Haydon 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Greenhouse studies of the effect of N-dimethyl amino succinamic acid on the early growth stages of Butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata Poir.) were followed in 1965 by a replicated field trial in which the plants could by grown to maturity. In addition to controls the treatments in the field consisted of 1000 and 5000 ppm N-dimethyl amino succinamic acid used in the form of Alar3, a 50% wettable powder formulation. The first application was made when all plants had at least one true leaf (June 22); a second application was made about six weeks later (August 6). Alar was applied as a fine mist spray to runoff point; Triton X-100 was added as a spreader. Growth measurements were taken at weekly intervals until 11 weeks after the initial treatment. Some of the effects of the Alar treatments compared to the controls are summarized in Table 1.
Effect of Attapulgus Clay, Media, and Season on the Growth of Turnips1
Authors: del Valle C. G. , Worley R. E. , Harmon S. A. , Valli V. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A pot study using Tifton loamy sand and quartz sand determined the effect of Attapulgus Clay (AC) on the growth of turnips as a soil amendment.
Applications of AC increased the growth of all parts of the turnip plant. Yield of edible roots and leaves was significantly higher than the check when the soil and sand medium contained 1% AC. A concentration of 5% AC was required for significant increases in fibrous root yield. Leaf growth and dry matter percentage in the edible root was .87 g/pot and 1.46 percentage points higher, respectively, in the soil than in the sand media. Conversely, fibrous root growth was .47 g/pot higher in the sand than in the soil media. In the spring edible root and leaf growth were 6.97 and 6.48 g/pot, respectively, higher than in the fall for a 60-day growth period.
Use of Liquid Foam to Prevent Freeze Injury tO Strawberry Blossoms
Authors: Eggert Dean A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Freezing air temperatures occurring during strawberry blossom time frequently result in complete or partial crop failure. In Indiana there is nearly a 50% probability that such temperatures will occur during the strawberry bloom period. The current practices of using a straw mulch or sprinkler irrigation to prevent blossom freezing are limited by unavailability of material or labor, excessive expense, and frequent failure to provide adequate crop protection.
The Effect of N-dimenthyl Amino Succinamic Acid (ALAR) on Size, Shape and Maturity of Delicious Apples1
Authors: Sullivan D. T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The growth retardant N-dimethyl amino succinamic acid (Alar) has been reported to retard fruit tree growth and induce repeat bloom (1,3). It increases surface color and firmness of apples, decreases their size and susceptibility to scald, and slightly decreases their soluble solids content (1,5). Recently Alar has been reported to reduce water core and pre-harvest drop (2). Some of these effects are suggestive of delayed maturity while others are not. The study reported here was conducted to determine the effects of Alar on fruit maturity of Delicious apples when applied two weeks after full bloom.
Vegetative Propagation of Asparagus Through Tissue Culture
Authors: Takatori Frank H. , Murashige Toshio , Stillman James I. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Asparagus, a cross-pollinated dioecious crop, is generally propagated through seeds, and extreme variation in yielding ability of individuals in a variety is common. Consequently, the use of small plot technique for field investigations has been virtually inapplicable.
What Accreditation Has Meant to Forestry
Authors: Burns Paul Y. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Professional instruction in forestry originated in America in 1898. Two years later the Society of American Foresters (SAF) was formed, the first and only national organization concerned with forestry as a profession. The 16,000 members of the SAF have a strong tradition of service to the public, which is characteristic of a true profession.
The Effect of Direct Seeding and Late-Spring Planting on Yield of Kale in Georgia12
Authors: Tereshkovich George 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Although kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala, Linn.) is considered a minor crop in Georgia, several processors have indicated considerable interest in the yield of this crop in recent years. Kale, like the other green leafy vegetables, has a high content of Vitamin A and contains appreciable amounts of thiamine and ascorbic acid (2).
Use of Heat Units to Predict Dates for Once-Over Tomato Harvest
Authors: Austin M. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The use of degree-day accumulations showed little advantage over calendar days when the ease of calculation for calendar days was considered. Calendar day measurements appeared to be more practical and more reliable than degree days. However, when calendar days from transplanting were compared to calendar days from the date that the stem stopped enlarging, it was found that the latter criterion was more reliable for estimating the time when the earliest maximum yield occurred. In fact, it was the most reliable criterion of many that were studied (1). Similar results were reported by Vollbrecht (5), however he stated that a more practical method is still needed to predict optimum harvest periods.
N,N’-Dinitroethylenediamine Retards Growth of Red Cedar and American Arborvitae
Authors: Sucoff Edward I. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As part of the continuing search for chemicals which stimulate or retard growth of tree species, the growth regulator N, N’-dinitroethylenediamine (EDNA)2 was applied to red cedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) and to American arborvitae (Thuja Occidentalis L.). Holmsen3 reported that low amounts of EDNA stimulated a broad spectrum of growth increases in many herbaceous plants, including height growth in bean, leaf area in cabbage, dry weight in a rye-grass-clover mixture and protein content in wheat. He also reported that high amounts inhibited height growth of tobacco.
Procedure for Determining Intercellular Space of Roots and Specific Gravity of Sweetpotato Root Tissue1
Authors: Kushman L. J. , Pope D. T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Recent studies showed that at harvest sweetpotato storage roots contain as much as 10 milliliters of intercellular space per 100 milliliters of root; during storage intercellular space increases to the extent that it becomes visible and is classified as pithiness or internal breakdown (1). A preliminary report shows that by accounting for the intercellular space tissue specific gravity values can be computed and correlated with drymatter content in much the same manner as for Irish potatoes (2). At harvest intercellular space for each of four varieties was relatively constant for a given variety and differed significantly among varieties (4).
Ecological Aspects of the Cultivated Cucurbita1
Authors: Whitaker Thomas W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This report is concerned with the uses, geographic distribution, and some specific ecological aspects of a group of crops with such common names as squash, pumpkins, gourds, cymlings, marrows, and cushaws. Taxonomically these crops all fall within the genus Cucurbita, and of course are in the family Cucurbitaceae. The Cucurbitaceae is essentially a tropical family. Comparatively few species are endemic to temperate areas and none are frost hardy. Surprisingly, some of the cultivated species of this family appear to be better adapted to temperate areas than to the areas in which they are presumably endemic.
Effect of Seeded Fruits and Foliar-Applied Auxin on Seedless Fruit Set of Pear the Following Year
Authors: Westwood M. N. , Lombard P. B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In a test designed to study the effect of cross pollination on pear fruit set Stephen (4) found that seeded fruits result almost entirely from cross pollination rather than selfing. He found also that seedless set was mainly from selfing, although a small proportion was parthenocarpic. When he first caged entire trees against insect pollination during the period of open bloom, an average set of seedless fruits resulted. However, after caging during bloom each year for four years, seedless set was gradually reduced to only a few fruits. Stephen extended this study and found (5) that renewed exposure of the caged trees to cross pollination resulted in a good set of seeded fruit. If only one leader of a previously caged tree was exposed to cross pollination, it alone produced fruit. The following year, however, when the entire tree was again caged to prevent cross pollination, a substantial set of seedless fruit occurred on all leaders.
A Simple Technique for Observing Mitotic Division of the Generative Nucleus in Pollen Tubes of Vaccinium Sp1
Authors: Stushnoff C. , Feliciano Ascunia J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The problem of observing pollen tube development and mitotic division can often be difficult and the technique can be unreliable. The following method was used with very good success for periodic observation of pollen tube development of several species of Vaccinium.
In Vitro Initiation of Nucellar Embryos in Monoembryonic Citrus
Authors: Rangan T. S. , Murashige T. , Bitters W. P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The phenomenon of polyembryony in Citrus was first described in 1719(1). It is now known that many members of the Rutaceae produce several embryos in each seed. The multiple embryos may include a zygotically-derived embryo and several adventive embryos. The adventive embryos result from differentiation of cells within the nucellar tissue, particularly those near the micropylar region of the ovule (1,6). One of the important horticultural characteristics of seedling Citrus, whether derived from zygotic or nucellar embryos, is the fact that they develop free of viruses even though the parent plant is infested with viruses. With polyembryonic Citrus, disease-free clones can be obtained through plants established from nucellar embryos. This has not been possible with monoembryonic species or varieties of Citrus, inasmuch as the seedlings are all of zygotic origin and vary genetically.
Collapse of ‘Murcot’ Citrus Trees1
Authors: Stewart Ivan , Wheaton T. A. , Reese R. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The ‘Murcott Honey Orange’ is grown rather extensively in Florida and is highly desired because of its fine flavor and dark orange colored flesh. Its origin is unknown, but the ‘Murcott’ is probably a hybrid of mandarin and sweet orange parentage. This variety bears very heavy crops with much of the fruit set in clusters. These extremely heavy crops result in a collapse of the trees near the time of fruit maturity. Depending on the severity of this decline, the trees may require from one to several years to recover (Figs. 1,2,3) or in extreme cases, die. The leaves and fruit from severely affected trees turn yellow and drop followed by dieback of the branches. These symptoms appear in December and January and become progressively worse as the fruit matures. Fruit on less severely affected trees are usually small and fail to develop the dark orange color characteristic of the variety. The problem of ‘Murcott’ collapse is probably the main reason this variety is not more widely grown. Knorr and Collins (1) previously described this condition and reported that in some cases, severe root deterioration occurs. The problem apparently is not limited to ‘Murcotts’ since similar symptoms have been reported in California for the ‘Wilking’ and ‘Kinnow’ mandarins (3).
The Relationship Between Calcium, Magnesium, and Potassium Accumulation and Titratable Acidity in the Leaves of a Selected Mcintosh Apple Clone1
Authors: Ddungu John C. M. , Eggert Russell 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Water extracts of dry leaf tissues from a selected McIntosh apple clone were analyzed by titration with sodium hydroxide and by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. It was shown that titratable acidity decreases during the period July 4 - August 1 and increases as the season advances beyond August 1. The data suggest that calcium and magnesium which accumulate may be the principal cations associated with bases involved in the buffer system to maintain a relatively constant pH in the leaf. It is theorized that changes in leaf pH may be a major factor in the damage characteristic of certain mineral deficiencies in apples.