bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐specific survival rates, causes of death, and allowable take of golden eagles in the western United States
Authors: Millsap Brian A. , Zimmerman Guthrie S. , Kendall William L. , Barnes Joseph G. , Braham Melissa A. , Bedrosian Bryan E. , Bell Douglas A. , Bloom Peter H. , Crandall Ross H. , Domenech Robert , Driscoll Daniel , Duerr Adam E. , Gerhardt Rick , Gibbs Samantha E. J. , Harmata Alan R. , Jacobson Kenneth , Katzner Todd E. , Knight Robert N. , Lockhart J. Michael , McIntyre Carol , Murphy Robert K. , Slater Steven J. , Smith Brian W. , Smith Jeff P. , Stahlecker Dale W. , Watson James W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the United States, the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act prohibits take of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) unless authorized by permit, and stipulates that all permitted take must be sustainable. Golden eagles are unintentionally killed in conjunction with many lawful activities (e.g., electrocution on power poles, collision with wind turbines). Managers who issue permits for incidental take of golden eagles must determine allowable take levels and manage permitted take accordingly. To aid managers in making these decisions in the western United States, we used an integrated population model to obtain estimates of golden eagle vital rates and population size, and then used those estimates in a prescribed take level (PTL) model to estimate the allowable take level. Estimated mean annual survival rates for golden eagles ranged from 0.70 (95% credible interval = 0.66–0.74) for first‐year birds to 0.90 (0.88–0.91) for adults. Models suggested a high proportion of adult female golden eagles attempted to breed and breeding pairs fledged a mean of 0.53 (0.39–0.72) young annually. Population size in the coterminous western United States has averaged ~31,800 individuals for several decades, with λ = 1.0 (0.96–1.05). The PTL model estimated a median allowable take limit of ~2227 (708–4182) individuals annually given a management objective of maintaining a stable population. We estimate that take averaged 2572 out of 4373 (59%) deaths annually, based on a representative sample of transmitter‐tagged golden eagles. For the subset of golden eagles that were recovered and a cause of death determined, anthropogenic mortality accounted for an average of 74% of deaths after their first year; leading forms of take over all age classes were shooting (~670 per year), collisions (~611), electrocutions (~506), and poisoning (~427). Although observed take overlapped the credible interval of our allowable take estimate and the population overall has been stable, our findings indicate that additional take, unless mitigated for, may not be sustainable. Our analysis demonstrates the utility of the joint application of integrated population and prescribed take level models to management of incidental take of a protected species.
Herbivory in a changing climate—Effects of plant genotype and experimentally induced variation in plant phenology on two summer‐active lepidopteran herbivores and one fungal pathogen
Authors: Ekholm Adam , Faticov Maria , Tack Ayco J. M. , Roslin Tomas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWith climate change, spring warming tends to advance plant leaf‐out. While the timing of leaf‐out has been shown to affect the quality of leaves for herbivores in spring, it is unclear whether such effects extend to herbivores active in summer. In this study, we first examined how spring and autumn phenology of sevenQuercus roburgenotypes responded to elevated temperatures in spring. We then tested whether the performance of two summer‐active insect herbivores (Orthosia gothicaandPolia nebulosa) and infection by a pathogen (Erysiphe alphitoides) were influenced by plant phenology, traits associated with genotype or the interaction between these two. Warm spring temperatures advanced both bud development and leaf senescence inQ.robur. Plants of different genotype differed in terms of both spring and autumn phenology. Plant phenology did not influence the performance of two insect herbivores and a pathogen, while traits associated with oak genotype had an effect on herbivore performance. Weight gain forO.gothicaand ingestion forP.nebulosadiffered by a factor of 4.38 and 2.23 among genotypes, respectively. Herbivore species active in summer were influenced by traits associated with plant genotype but not by phenology. This suggest that plant attackers active in summer may prove tolerant to shifts in host plant phenology—a pattern contrasting with previously documented effects on plant attackers active in spring and autumn.
Seed rain and soil seed bank in Chinese fir plantations and an adjacent natural forest in southern China: Implications for the regeneration of native species
Authors: Liu Bo , Liu Qingqing , Zhu Chenxi , Liu Zhigang , Huang Zhijun , Tigabu Mulualem , He Zongming , Liu Yuhui , Wang Zhengning 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe natural regeneration of native broadleaved species underneath forest monoculture plantations is important to recover ecosystem functions and to mitigate adverse environmental effects. To understand how seed rain and soil seed bank facilitate natural regeneration, we surveyed their density and composition in a monoculture Chinese fir plantation, a mixed Chinese fir–broadleaf plantation, and an adjacent natural broadleaved forest for two years in southern China. Twenty‐eight species (16 families) were in seed rain, and 45 species (27 families) were in soil seed bank. Seed rain density did not differ significantly across stands; however, the number of taxa in seed rain was highest in the mixed plantation and lowest in the natural forest. Seed bank density was significantly higher in the mixed plantation than in the other stands (p < .05). The Sørensen similarity index of species composition between seed sources and aboveground vegetation were relatively low (<.50). The seeds of various native tree species were common in the seed bank of the plantations, indicating that seed rain and seed bank played an important role in native forest regeneration. We recommend that managers interested in sustainable forestry should take into consideration the presence of existing soil seed bank when developing their management strategies. In addition, with regard to forest regeneration process, we also recommend supplementation of the species composition by direct seeding or planting of desired species.
Silvicultural strategies for lichen conservation: Smaller gaps and shorter distances to edges promote recolonization
Authors: Bartemucci Paula , Lilles Erica , Gauslaa Yngvar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConservation of epiphytic lichens in managed forest landscapes relies on understanding limitations to their dispersal and establishment after harvesting. A hot spot for cephalo‐ and cyanolichens, the Kispiox inland temperate rainforest of British Columbia, Canada, is an example of where forest managers seek silviculture options that allow for forest harvesting to continue, while also conserving threatened species. To characterize colonization of these lichens (including the nationally threatenedNephroma occultumandLobaria retigera), we quantified thalli on 25‐year‐old regenerating spruce trees at varying distances from forest edges in logged openings of different sizes surrounded by mature (160 years) or old‐growth (≥350 years) forest. Lichen colonization 25 years after logging was influenced by distance from the forest edge, surrounding forest age, and opening size. Total mean colonization and number of species per three branches were 81 thalli and 8 species at the forest edge, declining to 18 and 4, respectively, approximately 50 m into the openings. Colonization of most species reached minimum levels within 80 m. Nationally threatened species and old‐forest associates had higher abundances and longer colonization distances in openings surrounded by old‐growth forests; whereas widespread species had greater colonization when surrounded by mature forests. Logged gaps <0.6 ha promoted higher and more diverse lichen colonization than clearcuts (>3.8 ha). This study demonstrates that forest managers should consider the spatial patterning of harvesting, with smaller openings and shorter distances between edges (likely in tandem with higher levels of retention) in forests rich in epiphytic lichens to facilitate their recolonization and conservation.
Insight aerodynamic analysis on small‐scale wind turbines airfoils for low Reynolds number applications
Authors: Natarajan Karthikeyan , T. Suthakar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe selection of low Reynolds number airfoils for the application of small wind turbine rotor that results in greater rotor performance to the given operating condition is monotonous process. The 16 low Reynolds number airfoils specially developed for small‐scale wind turbine applications were shortlisted to determine the optimum set of airfoils for designing the 3 bladed and 2.25 m radius rotor with the tip speed ratio of 7. Numerical studies were conducted using subsonic airfoil design and analysis solver XFOIL. The aforesaid analysis was done for the Reynolds number of 49,637, 72,801, 115,820, 132,366, and 169,869, which are calculated from the velocity triangle for the subsequent free stream wind speed of 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 m/s that represents the urban wind condition of India. The indispensable characteristics to improve the performance of wind turbines such as maximum lift to drag ratio, insensitivity to optimum angle of attack over a range of Reynolds numbers and linear transition locations are present in SD7037, E193, SD7032, A18, E387, SD7062, E193MOD, S1210, and S1223 airfoils. Detailed investigation on the aerodynamic characteristics and the effect of laminar separation bubble (LSB) on each airfoils would be helpful to identify the airfoils which needed to be studied for the further improvement of performances through grooving and gurney flaps.
Dynamic resource allocation and interference coordination for millimeter wave communications in dense urban environment
Authors: Yağcıoğlu Mert 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInter cell interference coordination (ICIC) strategies in cellular systems have vital importance for spectrum efficiency in dense urban networks. Frequency reuse and resource allocation approaches are used to overcome the interference and the efficiency problems. Users in the cell edge suffer from low throughput and signal to interference plus noise ratio. Although increasing the transmit power of the BS can be considered as a solution, it also causes ICI. Considering these difficulties, we propose a technique called Experience Based Dynamic Soft Frequency Reuse in the 5G millimeter‐wave (mmWave) at 28 GHz band. The first objective of the proposed technique is to minimize the inter cell interference by using Soft Frequency Reuse method. The technique also aims to increase the overall system throughput by using Dynamic Channel Allocation. The third objective is to progress a fairness scheduler algorithm among users by optimizing the base station schedulers, which we call Experience‐Based Packet Scheduler. The main purpose of this article is to find the best value for α in order to maximize the average user and cell edge user throughput while considering the users' fairness. Simulations and numerical results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve up to 30% higher performance in terms of the average user throughput rates and has better fairness for lower α values (0.3 and 0.4).
‘Can't see the forest for the trees’: The importance of fungi in the context of UK tree planting
Authors: Baird Aileen , Pope Francis 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTree planting now forms a major part of the UK climate mitigation strategy, with targets to increase the forest cover from the current 13% to 17%–20% by 2050. A tree planting strategy on this scale requires a significant amount of planning, bringing together expertise from a wide range of practitioners. We highlight four key reasons why fungi should be considered in tree planting strategies:1. Fungi can cause severe tree disease.2. Fungi can cause significant human health burdens.3. Forest soil carbon and nutrient cycling is controlled by fungi.4. Climate change is already affecting fungi.Following from these four reasons, we explore the ways in which the negative effects of fungi, such as plant and human disease, can be mitigated against, whilst also protecting and promoting the benefits of fungi in carbon storage and biodiversity. Based on this, we outline seven guidelines which should be integrated into existing tree planting guidelines and UK policy:A. Monitor tree fungal disease emergence and spread, including in source material trade (e.g. seeds and saplings).B. Choose tree species combinations appropriate to the specific habitat and appropriate for biodiversity and carbon storage goals.C. Develop and implement a widely accessible fungal spore forecast to complement existing pollen forecasts.D. Protect existing ancient and mature woodlands.E. Promote planting on suitable land types, avoiding grasslands and wetlands.F. Assess proposed and existing forest sites, ideally using a combination of fungal fruit body surveys and eDNA techniques.G. Develop and implement the UK Fungi Red List into UK law.
Sonographic findings of total colonic aganglionosis in a neonate with Haddad syndrome: A case report
Authors: Lim Yun‐Jung , Jung Hyun Kyung 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHaddad syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and Hirschsprung disease. Total colonic aganglionosis is a rare and long‐segment form of Hirschsprung disease, which is primarily diagnosed using contrast enemas. However, the diagnostic performance of contrast enemas is relatively low, making the diagnosis of total colonic aganglionosis challenging. In neonates, ultrasound may be used as an additional imaging modality for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease. We describe the unique sonographic findings of total colonic aganglionosis in a term neonate with failure to pass meconium and respiratory distress, who was subsequently diagnosed with Haddad syndrome.
Treatment patterns, persistence with therapy, and outcomes of ustekinumab in Crohn's disease: Real‐world data analysis
Authors: Banon Tamar , Weil Clara , Borsi Andras , Chodick Gabriel , Shakked Zehavi , Barit Ben‐David Nava 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and AimIn 2017, ustekinumab (UST) was included in Israel's National Basket of Health Services for treatment of biologic‐experienced Crohn's disease (CD) patients with moderately to severely active disease. This study aims to provide real‐world evidence on persistence and clinical outcomes among early users of UST.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from Maccabi Healthcare Services (MHS; 2.5‐million‐member state‐mandated health provider, Israel). Adult patients with a CD diagnosis code who had ≥1 dispensed UST prescription in 2017–2018 and at least 12 months of prior continuous health plan enrollment were included. Outcomes, including treatment discontinuation, dose‐escalation (based on shortened intervals between purchases), CD‐related surgery, CD‐related hospitalization, corticosteroid (CS) discontinuation, and use of opioids were evaluated from the date of first dispensed UST through the end of 2019 using Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsA total of 162 eligible patients (81 [49.4%] female; median age 34.4 years [IQR 23.2–46.3]; median years since CD diagnosis 8.6 [IQR 4·8–16.0]) were enrolled in the study. Discontinuation rate after 365 and 540 days of follow‐up was 27.8% and 35.6%. Dose escalation was estimated at 15.4% and 28.6%, respectively. The first‐year cumulative rate of CD‐related surgery and CD‐related hospitalization were estimated at 4.7% and 9.8%, respectively.ConclusionIn this real‐world CD cohort of UST users, results suggest persistence is relatively high as compared to other biologics for CD. Comparative effectiveness of different biologic treatments for CD in this population should be further explored.
Design, synthesis, in vitro evaluation of a new pyrrolo[1,2‐a]thiazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidinone derivatives as cholinesterase inhibitors against Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zeng Yan , Nie Lifei , Liu Liu , Niu Chao , Li Yi , Bozorov Khurshed , Zhao Jiangyu , Shen Jingshan , Aisa Haji Akber 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA novel of 40 pyrrolo[1,2‐a]thiazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidinone derivatives were designed and synthesized as cholinesterase inhibitor agents. The in vitro enzyme assays proved that most of the compounds effectively inhibited cholinesterases in the micromolar range with little cytotoxicity. Compound G15 exhibited the best inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase with an IC50 of 2.69 ± 0.17 μM. Kinetic analysis and molecular modeling testified the competitive inhibition manner of G15 was more likely to bind to the active center of acetylcholinesterase. Thus, compound G15 can be considered as promising lead compounds or candidates for the development of novel drugs against Alzheimer's disease.
High‐fired early English porcelains of the ‘A’‐marked group, east London (c. 1744): A Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy compositional study
Authors: Edwards Howell G. M. , Jay William H. , Ramsay W. Ross H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTwo rare, slip‐cast and highly translucent very early English manufactured porcelains, known as the ‘A’‐marked group, have been nondestructively analysed to determine their bulk composition, the mineralogy of their body, glaze and overglaze decorative enamels using Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy. The bulk composition of the body and the glaze have been found to have a Ca‐Al‐Si composition and therefore demonstrate congruency with the specification of the Edward Heylyn and Thomas Frye patent of 1744. The patent specification required the porcelain paste to be prepared using unaker clay from the Carolinas and a lime‐alkali glass in varying proportions from 1:1 to 4:1, which when fired at temperatures now shown to range upwards of 1280°C vitrifies to form a refractory porcelain containing β‐wollastonite, the calcic plagioclase feldspar anorthite, diopside and mullite. The glaze used was similarly formulated but required lower levels of aluminous clay and a higher proportion of the glass flux to enable vitrification to occur at a lower melting temperature and therefore acting as an optical pyrometer. Crystallites of wollastonite, diopside and cassiterite were recorded in the glaze. Compositions of the blue, black, brown, gold, green, red and purple decorations applied as overglaze enamels have been determined. It is concluded that this porcelain group is attributed to Bow manufacture in East London c. 1744–1745.
Large‐area, high‐temperature stainless steel foil substrate for manufacturing low‐cost and flexible CMOS polysilicon TFTs
Authors: Ito Mao , Kamath Arvind 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA large‐area stainless steel foil substrate which is compatible with high‐temperature (>800°C) processing was developed to support a hybrid printed and conventional process technology to fabricate polysilicon thin‐film transistors (TFTs). The purpose was to build a platform that could lead to low‐cost, roll‐to‐roll manufacturing of polysilicon TFTs. To fabricate a self‐aligned top‐gate TFT structure, a screen‐printed dopant process, which requires high‐temperature activation, was developed to substitute capital‐intensive ion implantation. For the pilot line process, a 300‐mm2 and 100‐μm‐thick stainless steel substrate made of an alloy with a low thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) was chosen. Then, the foil finishing process was optimized to achieve flatness and minimize surface roughness. A barrier and dielectric encapsulation were developed to prevent trace metal diffusion from the substrate into the active layers. The polysilicon TFTs were then evaluated with static and dynamic bending tests.
Recent trends on the implementation of reticular materials in column‐centered separations
Authors: Fikarova Katerina , Moore Edward , Nicolau Alma , Horstkotte Burkhard , Maya Fernando 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdvances in the development of column‐based analytical separations are strongly linked to the development of novel materials. Stationary phases for chromatographic separation are usually based on silica and polymer materials. Nevertheless, recent advances have been made using porous crystalline reticular materials, such as metal‐organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks. However, the direct packing of these materials is often limited due to their small crystal size and nonspherical shape. In this review, recent strategies to incorporate porous crystalline materials as stationary phases for liquid‐phase separations are covered. Moreover, we discuss the potential future directions in their development and integration into suitable supports for analytical applications. Finally, we discuss the main challenges to be solved to take full advantage of these materials as stationary phases for analytical separations.
Lysine demethylase 5C epigenetically reduces transcription of ITIH1 that results in augmented progression of liver hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Qian Xu , Bao Zhong‐Ming , Yao Dan , Shi Yang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLysine demethylase 5C (KDM5C) is a member of the KDM family of demethylases and has been reported as a cancer driver. This study aimed to probe the function of KDM5C in the development of liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) and the molecules of action. According to data from publicly accessible bioinformatic databases, KDM5C is highly expressed in LIHC and associated with poor patient prognosis. High expression of KDM5C was detected in acquired LIHC cell lines. Downregulation of KDM5C weakened proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and resistance to death of the LIHC cells in vitro, and it reduced growth of the xenograft tumors in nude mice. Inter‐alpha‐trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 1 (ITIH1) was predicted as a downstream gene negatively regulated by KDM5C. KDM5C‐regulated H3K4me1 modification at the promoter region of ITIH1, inducing its transcriptional inactivation. Further downregulation of ITIH1 in cancer cells blocked the functions of KDM5C silencing and restored the malignant behaviors of LIHC cells. The activity of the PI3K/AKT signaling was decreased following KDM5C downregulation but recovered upon ITIH1 silencing. In conclusion, this study suggested that KDM5C epigenetically reduces ITIH1 and activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to promote LIHC progression.
Glycopolymer Based LbL Multilayer Thin Films with Embedded Liposomes
Authors: Tang Jo Sing Julia , Smaczniak Aline Debrassi , Tepper Lucas , Rosencrantz Sophia , Aleksanyan Mina , Dähne Lars , Rosencrantz Ruben R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLayer‐by‐layer (LbL) self‐assembly emerged as an efficient technique for fabricating coating systems for, e.g., drug delivery systems with great versatility and control. In this work, protecting group free and aqueous‐based syntheses of bioinspired glycopolymer electrolytes aredescribed. Thin films of the glycopolymers are fabricated by LbL self‐assembly and function as scaffolds for liposomes, which potentially can encapsulate active substances. The adsorbed mass, pH stability, and integrity of glycopolymer coatings as well as the embedded liposomes are investigated via whispering gallery mode (WGM) technology and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM‐D) monitoring , which enable label‐free characterization. Glycopolymer thin films, with and without liposomes, are stable in the physiological pH range. QCM‐D measurements verify the integrity of lipid vesicles. Thus, the fabrication of glycopolymer‐based surface coatings with embedded and intact liposomes is presented.