bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expert perspectives on the wind plant of the future
Authors: Beiter Philipp , Rand Joseph T. , Seel Joachim , Lantz Eric , Gilman Patrick , Wiser Ryan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWind power technology has changed rapidly in recent years. Technology innovation, evolving power markets, and competing land and ocean uses continue to influence the design and operation of wind turbines and plants. Anticipating these trends and their impact on future facilities can inform commercial strategies and research priorities. Drawing from a recent survey of 140 of the world's foremost wind experts, we identify expectations of future wind plant design in 2035, both for onshore and offshore wind. Experts anticipate continued growth in turbine size, to 5.5 (onshore) and 17 MW (offshore), with plants located in increasingly less favorable wind and siting regimes. They expect plant sizes of 1,100 MW for fixed‐bottom and 600 MW for floating offshore wind. Experts forecast enhanced grid‐system value from wind through significant to widespread use of larger rotors, hybrid projects with batteries and hydrogen production, and more. To explain experts' perspectives on future plant design and operation, we identify five mechanisms: economies of unit, plant, and resource scale; grid‐system value economies; and production efficiencies. We characterize learning effects as a moderating influence on the strength of these mechanisms. In combination, experts predict that these design choices support levelized cost of energy reductions of 27% (onshore) and 17%–35% (floating and fixed‐bottom offshore) by 2035 compared to today, while enhancing wind energy's grid service offerings. Our findings provide a much‐needed benchmark for representing future wind technologies in power sector models and address a critical research gap by explaining the economics behind wind energy design choices.
Positionierung und Profilierung als dynamische Prozesse
Authors: Esposito Raffaella Simona 
Published: May 2022

ZussamenfasangNachdem die Positionierung und Profilierung der FMS Gesundheit neben der BGB FaGe und im Vergleich zu dieser auf der Sekundarstufe II aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven dargestellt und damit verbunden auch Spannungsfelder zwischen den beiden Ausbildungsprogrammen skizziert wurden, wird im vorliegenden Kapitel das dynamische Element der Positionierung und Profilierung von Ausbildungsprogrammen verdeutlicht. Die Unabgeschlossenheit von Positionierungs- und Profilierungsprozessen wird mithilfe zweier Beispiele verdeutlicht: Zum einen wird hierfür die zunehmende naturwissenschaftliche Ausrichtung der FMS Gesundheit (Abschn. 8.1) und zum anderen wird die Einführung eines neuen Zulassungsverfahrens für die FMS im Kanton Basel-Landschaft thematisiert (Abschn. 8.2).
Fazit und Ausblick
Authors: Esposito Raffaella Simona 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungIm vorliegenden abschließenden Kapitel werden zunächst die beiden Hauptfragen dieser Studie zur Positionierung und Profilierung der FMS Gesundheit neben der und im Vergleich zur BGB FaGe beantwortet. Anschließend wird die im Titel der Studie aufgeworfene Frage nach der Andersartigkeit und Gleichwertigkeit der FMS Gesundheit im Vergleich zur BGB FaGe diskutiert. Nach der Einordnung der zentralen Ergebnisse in den bisherigen Forschungsstand erfolgt eine kritische Reflexion des Forschungsprozesses sowie der Grenzen der Studie. Als Ausblick werden schließlich Forschungsdesiderata und bildungspolitische Implikationen formuliert.
B → D1(2420) and B → $$ {\mathrm{D}}_1^{\prime } $$(2430) form factors from QCD light-cone sum rules
Authors: Gubernari Nico , Khodjamirian Alexander , Mandal Rusa , Mannel Thomas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We perform the first calculation of form factors in the semileptonic decays B → D1(2420)ℓνℓ and B → $$ {D}_1^{\prime } $$

D
1
′

(2430)ℓνℓ using QCD light-cone sum rules (LCSRs) with B-meson distribution amplitudes. In this calculation the c-quark mass is finite. Analytical expressions for two-particle contributions up to twist four are obtained. To disentangle the D1 and $$ {D}_1^{\prime } $$

D
1
′

contributions in the LCSRs, we suggest a novel approach that introduces a combination of two interpolating currents for these charmed mesons. To fix all the parameters in the LCSRs, we use the two-point QCD sum rules for the decay constants of D1 and $$ {D}_1^{\prime } $$

D
1
′

mesons augmented by a single experimental input, that is the B → D1(2420)ℓνℓ decay width. We provide numerical results for all B → D1 and B → $$ {D}_1^{\prime } $$

D
1
′

form factors. As a byproduct, we also obtain the D1- and $$ {D}_1^{\prime } $$

D
1
′

-meson decay constants and predict the lepton-flavour universality ratios R(D1) and R($$ {D}_1^{\prime } $$

D
1
′

).
Two-loop non-planar hexa-box integrals with one massive leg
Authors: Kardos Adam , Papadopoulos Costas G. , Smirnov Alexander V. , Syrrakos Nikolaos , Wever Christopher 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Based on the Simplified Differential Equations approach, we present results for the two-loop non-planar hexa-box families of master integrals. We introduce a new approach to obtain the boundary terms and establish a one-dimensional integral representation of the master integrals in terms of Generalised Polylogarithms, when the alphabet contains non-factorisable square roots. The results are relevant to the study of NNLO QCD corrections for W, Z and Higgs-boson production in association with two hadronic jets.
Bounds on new physics with data of the Dresden-II reactor experiment and COHERENT
Authors: Coloma Pilar , Esteban Ivan , Gonzalez-Garcia M. C. , Larizgoitia Leire , Monrabal Francesc , Palomares-Ruiz Sergio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering was first experimentally established five years ago by the COHERENT experiment using neutrinos from the spallation neutron source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The first evidence of observation of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering with reactor antineutrinos has now been reported by the Dresden-II reactor experiment, using a germanium detector. In this paper, we present constraints on a variety of beyond the Standard Model scenarios using the new Dresden-II data. In particular, we explore the constraints imposed on neutrino non-standard interactions, neutrino magnetic moments, and several models with light scalar or light vector mediators. We also quantify the impact of their combination with COHERENT (CsI and Ar) data. In doing so, we highlight the synergies between spallation neutron source and nuclear reactor experiments regarding beyond the Standard Model searches, as well as the advantages of combining data obtained with different nuclear targets. We also study the possible signal from beyond the Standard Model scenarios due to elastic scattering off electrons (which would pass selection cuts of the COHERENT CsI and the Dresden-II experiments) and find more stringent constraints in certain parts of the parameter space than those obtained considering coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering.
Same sign trilepton as signature of charged Higgs in two Higgs doublet model
Authors: Mondal Tanmoy , Sanyal Prasenjit 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We explored the prospect of looking for a fermiophobic charged Higgs (H±) via the same sign trilepton signal at the LHC. A fermiophobic scenario appears in the type-I two Higgs doublet model where the coupling of the H± with the Standard Model fermions is inversely proportional to tan β. Almost all the experimental searches rely on the fermionic production and decay of the charged Higgs. Consequently, the limit on H± for fermiophobic scenarios is non-existent unless tan β is small. We show that for a fermiophobic case, the electroweak production of H± is dominant for most of the parameter space. Subsequent bosonic decay of the charged and neutral Higgses give rise to the same sign trilepton signal. With a thorough phenomenological analysis, we demonstrate that the same sign trilepton signal can be an excellent complementary search to explore the high tan β regions.
Searching for BSM physics in Yukawa couplings and flavour symmetries
Authors: Alonso-González J. , de Giorgi A. , Merlo L. , Pokorski S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory, we compare the lower bounds on the scale of new physics possibly contributing to the $$ f\overline{f}h $$
f

f
¯

h
effective couplings, obtained from the measurements of different observables, under the assumption that the Wilson coefficients of the relevant dim 6 operators respect certain flavour structure: either the Minimal Flavour Violation (MFV) ansatz or a flavour symmetry, often invoked to explain the observed pattern of fermion masses and mixings. We perform a global analysis of the bounds following from the limits on the diagonal couplings measured in the Higgs boson production and decays at the LHC experiments. Another set of bounds is obtained from the limits on non-diagonal couplings constrained by the variety of flavour changing neutral current (FCNC) and radiative decay processes. With the present precision of the LHC data, the FCNC data give stronger bounds on the scale of new physics than the collider data (obviously, for the MFV ansatz only collider data are relevant): once the Wilson coefficients respect some flavour structure, the obtained bounds are in the TeV range. In the quark case, these limits are compatible with a few percent deviations from the SM Yukawa couplings and only mildly more stringent than those obtained from the available collider data. For leptons, instead, the FCNC bounds are stronger and then a signal in the near future collider data would mean the violation of the flavour symmetry or indicate the presence of additional beyond the Standard Model contributions, affecting the flavour observables, that leads to cancellations.
A Note on Gauged Baby Skyrmions
Authors: Greco Carlo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper we study a gauged version of the two dimensional Skyrme model of nuclear physics; the field configurations are couples (u, A), where $$u:{\mathbb {R}}^2\rightarrow S^2$$

u
:

R

2

→

S
2

is a map constant at infinity, which can be classified by its topological degree, and $$A:{\mathbb {R}}^2\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}^2$$

A
:

R

2

→

R

2

is the gauge field. We prove the existence of rotationally symmetric field configurations which minimize the gauged Skyrme energy on every topological sector (gauged baby skyrmions). Moreover we study the behavior of these skyrmions in the case of weak or strong coupling with the gauge field. In particular, we show that, as observed by many authors by means of numerical simulations, in the strong coupling regime the magnetic flux associated with the gauge field becomes quantized.
Identification of environment types and adaptation zones with self-organizing maps; applications to sunflower multi-environment data in Europe
Authors: Bustos-Korts Daniela , Boer Martin P. , Layton Jamie , Gehringer Anke , Tang Tom , Wehrens Ron , Messina Charlie , de la Vega Abelardo J. , van Eeuwijk Fred A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractKey messageWe evaluate self-organizing maps (SOM) to identify adaptation zones and visualize multi-environment genotypic responses. We apply SOM to multiple traits and crop growth model output of large-scale European sunflower data.AbstractGenotype-by-environment interactions (G × E) complicate the selection of well-adapted varieties. A possible solution is to group trial locations into adaptation zones with G × E occurring mainly between zones. By selecting for good performance inside those zones, response to selection is increased. In this paper, we present a two-step procedure to identify adaptation zones that starts from a self-organizing map (SOM). In the SOM, trials across locations and years are assigned to groups, called units, that are organized on a two-dimensional grid. Units that are further apart contain more distinct trials. In an iterative process of reweighting trial contributions to units, the grid configuration is learnt simultaneously with the trial assignment to units. An aggregation of the units in the SOM by hierarchical clustering then produces environment types, i.e. trials with similar growing conditions. Adaptation zones can subsequently be identified by grouping trial locations with similar distributions of environment types across years. For the construction of SOMs, multiple data types can be combined. We compared environment types and adaptation zones obtained for European sunflower from quantitative traits like yield, oil content, phenology and disease scores with those obtained from environmental indices calculated with the crop growth model Sunflo. We also show how results are affected by input data organization and user-defined weights for genotypes and traits. Adaptation zones for European sunflower as identified by our SOM-based strategy captured substantial genotype-by-location interaction and pointed to trials in Spain, Turkey and South Bulgaria as inducing different genotypic responses.
Selection for male stamina can help explain costly displays with cost-minimizing female choice
Authors: Kovalov Viktor , Kokko Hanna 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In many species, male lifespan is shorter than that of females, often attributed to sexual selection favouring costly expression of traits preferred by females. Coevolutionary models of female preferences and male traits predict that males can be selected to have such life histories; however, this typically requires that females also pay some costs to express their preferences. Here we show that this problem diminishes when we link coevolutionary models of costly mate choice with the idea of stamina. In our model, the most successful males are those who can combine high attendance time on a lek — or, more generally, tenacious effort in their display time budgets — with high viability such that they are not too strongly compromised in terms of lifespan. We find that an opportunistic female strategy, that minimizes its costs by mating with highly visible (displaying) males, often beats other alternatives. It typically resists invasion attempts of genotypes that mate randomly in the population genetic sense, as well as invasion of stricter ways of being choosy (which are potentially costly if choice requires e.g. active rejection of all males who do not presently display, or risky travel to lekking sites). Our model can produce a wide range of male time budgets (display vs. self-maintenance). This includes cases of alternative mating tactics where males in good condition spend much time displaying, while those in poor condition never display yet, importantly, gain some mating success due to females not engaging in rejection behaviours should these be very costly to express.

Significance statement
In many species, males spend much time and energy on displaying to attract females, but it is not always clear what females gain from paying attention to male displays. The tradition in mathematical models attempting to understand the situation is to assume that random mating is the least costly option for females. However, random mating in the population genetic sense requires females to behave in a manner that equalizes mating success between displaying and non-displaying males, and here we point out that this is biologically unlikely. Opportunistically mating females can cause males to spend much of their time budgets displaying and will shorten male lifespans in a quality-dependent manner.
Using a Reinforced Stapler Decreases the Incidence of Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula After Distal Pancreatectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Oweira Hani , Mazotta Alessandro , Mehrabi Arianeb , Reissfelder Christoph , Rahbari Nuh , Betzler Alexander , Elhadedy Hazem , Soubrane Olivier , Chaouch Mohamed Ali 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is no consensus on the pancreatic transection during distal pancreatectomy (DP) to reduce postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). This meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of a reinforced stapler on the postoperative outcomes of DP.MethodsWe systematically searched electronic databases and bibliographic reference lists in The PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library's Controlled Trials Registry and Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, and Scopus. Review Manager Software was used for pooled estimates.ResultsSeven eligible studies published between 2007 and 2021 were included with 553 patients (267 patients in the reinforced stapler group and 286 patients in the standard stapler group). The reinforced stapler reduced the POPF grade B and C (OR = 0.33; 95% CI [0.19, 0.57], p < 0.01). There was no difference between the reinforced stapler group and standard stapler group in terms of mortality rate (OR = 0.39; 95% CI [0.04, 3.57], p = 0.40), postoperative haemorrhage (OR = 0.53; 95% CI [0.20, 1.43], p = 0.21), and reoperation rate (OR = 0.91; 95% CI [0.40, 2.06], p = 0.82).ConclusionsReinforced stapling in DP is safe and seems to reduce POPF grade B/C with similar mortality rates, postoperative bleeding, and reoperation rate. The protocol of this systematic review with meta‐analysis was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021286849).
Risk prediction of CMV reactivation after allogeneic stem cell transplantation using five non-HLA immunogenetic polymorphisms
Authors: Vallejo Miren , Muñiz Paula , Kwon Mi , Solán Laura , Bailén Rebeca , Carbonell Diego , Chicano María , Suárez-González Julia , Catalán Pilar , Bellón José María , Triviño Juan Carlos , Dorado Nieves , Gallardo David , Díez-Martín José Luis , Ramírez Natalia , Martínez-Laperche Carolina , Buño Ismael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, it remains as one of the most common infectious complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The aim of this study was to determine the genotype of cytokines and chemokines in donor and recipient and their association with CMV reactivation. Eighty-five patients receiving an allo-HSCT from an HLA-identical sibling donor were included in the study. Fifty genes were selected for their potential role in the pathogenesis of CMV infection. CMV DNAemia was evaluated until day 180 after allo-HSCT. CMV reactivation was observed in 51/85 (60%) patients. Of the 213 genetic variants selected, 11 polymorphisms in 7 different genes (CXCL12, IL12A, KIR3DL1, TGFB2, TNF, IL1RN, and CD48) were associated with development or protection from CMV reactivation. A predictive model using five of such polymorphisms (CXCL12 rs2839695, IL12A rs7615589, KIR3DL1 rs4554639, TGFB2 rs5781034 for the recipient and CD48 rs2295615 for the donor) together with the development of acute GVHD grade III/IV improved risk stratification of CMV reactivation. In conclusion, the data presented suggest that the screening of five polymorphisms in recipient and donor pre-transplantation could help to predict the individual risk of CMV infection development after HLA-identical allo-HSCT.
Anterior chamber enhancement predicts optic nerve infiltration in retinoblastoma
Authors: Deike-Hofmann Katerina , von Lampe Paula , Eerikaeinen Maija , Ting Saskia , Schlüter Sabrina , Schlemmer Heinz-Peter , Bechrakis Nikolaos E. , Forsting Michael , Radbruch Alexander 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives
As described recently, intravenously injected gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) penetrates into the anterior eye chamber (AC) and is drained from the retina to the distal optic nerve (ON) along perivascular spaces, which serves retinal homeostasis and was termed the orbital glymphatic system (GS). Independently, AC enhancement predicted ON infiltration, a major risk factor for advanced retinoblastoma (RB), in a small RB patient cohort. We aimed to review the supposed imaging biomarker for ON infiltration in a large RB cohort and with respect to the recently described orbital GS.

Methods
This IRB–approved retrospective single-center study encompassed 539 orbital MRIs performed with an orbital coil and with the children under general anesthesia. Differences of signal intensity ratios (∆SIRs) of the AC to the lens were determined between non-contrast and GBCA–enhanced T1-weighted images and were correlated with histopathologic presence of ON infiltration.

Results
∆SIR of the RB eye was an independent, significant predictor for ON invasion in multivariate analysis with adjustment for tumor size (p < 0.05) and increased with infiltration level.

Conclusions
GBCA enhancement of the AC predicts ON infiltration. This might be caused by impairment of the orbital glymphatic system, which is supposed to clear toxic metabolites from the retina to the postlaminar ON. In RB with ON infiltration, this efflux path is likely to be inhibited, which is supposed to result in disturbed retinal homeostasis, release of vascular endothelial growth factor, and iris neovascularization, which increases penetration of GBCA into the AC.

Key Points
• Infiltration of the optic nerve can be predicted by anterior chamber enhancement after intravenous MRI contrast agent administration.
• Increased anterior chamber enhancement in retinoblastoma with optic nerve infiltration might result from dysfunction of the orbital glymphatic system with disturbance of retinal homeostasis and consecutive iris neovascularization.
Background parenchymal enhancement in contrast-enhanced MR imaging suggests systemic effects of intrauterine contraceptive devices
Authors: Huck Luisa Charlotte , Truhn Daniel , Wilpert Caroline , Zanderigo Eloisa , Raaff Vanessa , Dethlefsen Ebba , Bode Maike , Kuhl Christiane Katharina 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive devices (LNG-IUDs) are designed to exhibit only local hormonal effects. There is an ongoing debate on whether LNG-IUDs can have side effects similar to systemic hormonal medication. Benign background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) in dynamic contrast–enhanced (DCE) MRI has been established as a sensitive marker of hormonal stimulation of the breast. We investigated the association between LNG-IUD use and BPE in breast MRI to further explore possible systemic effects of LNG-IUDs.

Methods
Our hospital database was searched to identify premenopausal women without personal history of breast cancer, oophorectomy, and hormone replacement or antihormone therapy, who had undergone standardized DCE breast MRI at least twice, once with and without an LNG-IUD in place. To avoid confounding aging-related effects on BPE, half of included women had their first MRI without, the other half with, LNG-IUD in place. Degree of BPE was analyzed according to the ACR categories. Wilcoxon-matched-pairs signed-rank test was used to compare the distribution of ACR categories with vs. without LNG-IUD.

Results
Forty-eight women (mean age, 46 years) were included. In 24/48 women (50% [95% CI: 35.9–64.1%]), ACR categories did not change with vs. without LNG-IUDs. In 23/48 women (48% [33.9–62.1%]), the ACR category was higher with vs. without LNG-IUDs; in 1/48 (2% [0–6%]), the ACR category was lower with vs. without LNG-IUDs. The change of ACR category depending on the presence or absence of an LNG-IUD proved highly significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The use of an LNG-IUD can be associated with increased BPE in breast MRI, providing further evidence that LNG-IUDs do have systemic effects.

Key Points
• The use of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive devices is associated with increased background parenchymal enhancement in breast MRI.
• This suggests that hormonal effects of these devices are not only confined to the uterine cavity, but may be systemic.
• Potential systemic effects of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive devices should therefore be considered.