bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Site characterization study with microtremor data: A case study at the West Borneo NPP potential site
Authors: Ryanto Theo Alvin , Iswanto Eko Rudi , Sunarko  , Suryanto Slamet , Suntoko Hadi , Yuliastuti  , Susiati Heni 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTA site characterization using a microtremor measurement study was conducted at the West Borneo nuclear power plant (NPP) potential site as a preliminary feasibility study. This study measured the natural resonant frequency of soil and estimated the subsurface VS as prior information for the design planning of an NPP building foundation. The single station microtremor data were processed using the horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method to obtain the f0 and A0 values, and the array data were processed using the spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) method. The study area was classified based on the f0 and A0 values. Due to the unavailability of borehole data and limited array data, the HVSR curve was used to estimate the VS profile. The HVSR curve VS estimation was calculated using Rayleigh wave ellipticity inversion. The inversion results were constrained by VS profiles from SPAC and regional geology data to ensure that the inverted model was rational. It was demonstrated that the constrained inversion process could generate a rational subsurface model for Pantai Gosong's coastline. Based on the result, the feasible bedrock for the NPP building foundation was found at a depth of 40 m in the coastline area.
The roles of humans and apex predators in sustaining ecosystem structure and function: Contrast, complementarity and coexistence
Authors: Lennox Robert J. , Brownscombe Jacob W. , Darimont Chris , Horodysky Andrij , Levi Taal , Raby Graham D. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

In nearly every ecosystem, human predators (hunters and fishers) exploit animals at extraordinarily high rates, as well as target different age classes and phenotypes, compared to other apex predators. Demographically decoupled from prey populations and technologically advanced, humans now impose widespread and significant ecological and evolutionary change.

In this paper, we investigate whether there is evidence that humans provide complementary services and whether ecosystem services of predators can be maintained by humans where wild predators are lost. Our objective is to contribute to two key ecological themes: the compatibility of human harvesting within ecosystems and management approaches in consideration of the intentional or unintentional loss of predators.

We reviewed evidence for five key effects of predators: natural selection of prey, disease dynamics, landscape effects, carbon cycling and human well‐being. Without carefully designed management strategies, such changes can impose harm to ecosystems and their constituents, including humankind.

Ultimately, we applied this information to consider management paradigms in which humans could better support the role of, and potentially behave more like, apex predators and discuss the challenges to such coexistence.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Lack of complete response pretransplant is not associated with inferior overall survival for stage 4a metastatic retinoblastoma
Authors: Farouk Sait Sameer , Bernot Mauricio Rendon , Klein Elizabeth , Abramson David H. , Francis Jasmine H. , Gilheeney Stephen , Karajannis Matthias A. , Spitzer Barbara , Wolden Suzanne , Dunkel Ira J. , Kernan Nancy A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundStage 4a metastatic retinoblastoma (RB) is curable with intensive multimodality therapy including myeloablative chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplant (HDC‐ASCT) and involved field radiation therapy (IFRT). To our knowledge, no data exist on the impact of (a) pre‐ASCT disease status, and (b) IFRT to sites of metastatic disease post ASCT on survival.ProcedureWe retrospectively reviewed patients with stage 4a metastatic RB who underwent induction chemotherapy followed by HDC‐ASCT, with or without IFRT, to residual tumor sites at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) (n = 24).ResultsThe degree of postinduction response prior to ASCT did not affect outcome, with 5‐year overall survival (OS) of 68% and 86% in patients who achieved complete response (CR) and very good partial response (VGPR)/partial response (PR) prior to ASCT, respectively. IFRT administered post ASCT in patients with possible residual bony metastatic disease increases the likelihood of developing osteosarcoma in the radiation field.ConclusionOS for patients with stage 4a metastatic RB treated with ASCT with VGPR or PR to pretransplant chemotherapy was not significantly different from patients with CR. In addition, IFRT does not seem to be required for bony disease control and increased the likelihood of developing osteosarcoma.
Preparation and characterization of opuntia‐cladode fiber and citron peel biochar toughened epoxy biocomposite
Authors: N. Senthil Kannan , Nagabhooshanam N. , Kumar Anil , V. Rao Pothamsetty Kasi , Patil Pravin P. , Kala Bharathi B. V. V. L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this research, citron peel biochar and opuntia‐cladode fibers (OCF) reinforced epoxy composites were fabricated and characterized for mechanical, wear, and electrical properties. The biochar was prepared from the waste peels of citron edible fruit whereas the opuntia fiber was from the cladode of the opuntia plant. The laminates were fabricated by hand layup process and evaluated in accordance with the ASTM standards. The results revealed that the mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, impact toughness, hardness and adhesion strength were increased by 36.2%, 30.6%, 91.3%, 1.1%, and 5.3% for composite designation EC containing 30 vol% of OCF. Similarly, the addition of citron biochar of 2 vol% increased the load bearing and dielectric properties. However, the inclusion of 30 vol% of OCF on composite designation EC the sp. wear rate recorded 0.018 mm3/Nm. Similarly, the lowest coefficient of friction and sp. wear rate is observed to be 0.42 and 0.008 mm3/Nm for the composite with 2.0 vol% biochar. The ECO4 composite designation represented a maximum dielectric constant and dielectric loss of about 7.4 and 1.1, respectively. The SEM fractography demonstrates that the silane‐treatment strengthened the fiber‐matrix interface and improved the interlocking mechanism. Such mechanically robust, wear‐resistant improved and electrically conductive composites could be utilized in applications such as industrial sectors, spacecraft, automobile parts, packaging industries, and electrical appliances.
Bayesian and non‐Bayesian inference of Weibull lifetime model based on partially observed competing risks data under unified hybrid censoring scheme
Authors: Dutta Subhankar , Kayal Suchandan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a competing risk model is analyzed based on unified hybrid censoring scheme (UHCS). It is assumed that the latent failure times follow Weibull distributions with a common shape and different scale parameters. The maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) and approximate confidence intervals (ACIs) of the distributional parameters are obtained. Sufficient conditions under which the MLEs exist (uniquely) have been studied. Further, the Bayes estimates are obtained with respect to symmetric and asymmetric loss functions. The non‐informative and informative prior distributions are considered for computing the approximate Bayes estimates. Furthermore, the highest posterior density (HPD) credible intervals have been obtained by using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method with the Gibbs sampling technique. The coverage probabilities for each confidence interval are computed. Then, hypothesis testing has been implemented using likelihood ratio statistic. A Monte Carlo simulation study is carried out to compare the performance of the proposed estimates. Finally, two real data sets are provided to illustrate the estimates.
Plug‐and‐Play Single‐Photon Devices with Efficient Fiber‐Quantum Dot Interface
Authors: Jeon Woong Bae , Moon Jong Sung , Kim Kyu‐Young , Ko Young‐Ho , Richardson Christopher J. K. , Waks Edo , Kim Je‐Hyung 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIncorporating solid‐state quantum emitters into optical fiber networks enables the long‐distance transmission of quantum information and the remote connection of distributed quantum nodes. However, interfacing quantum emitters with fiber optics encounters several challenges, including low coupling efficiency and delicate configuration. In this study, a highly efficient fiber‐interfacing photonic device that directly launches single photons from quantum dots into a standard FC/PC‐connectorized single‐mode fiber is demonstrated. Optimally designed photonic structures based on hole gratings produce an ultra‐narrow directional beam that matches the small numerical aperture of a single‐mode fiber. A pick‐and‐place technique precisely integrates a single miniaturized device into the core of the fiber. This approach realizes a plug‐and‐play single‐photon device that does not require optical alignment and thus guarantees long‐term stability. The results represent a major step toward practical and reliable transmission of quantum light across a fiber network.
Machine Learning Experimental Multipartite Entanglement Structure
Authors: Tian Yu , Che Liangyu , Long Xinyue , Ren Changliang , Lu Dawei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith the rapid growth of controllable qubits in recent years, experimental multipartite entangled states can be created with high fidelity in various moderate‐ and large‐scale physical systems. However, the characterization of multipartite entanglement structure remains a formidable challenge, as traditionally it requires exponential number of local measurements to realize the identification. Machine learning is demonstrated to be an efficient tool to detect the underlying entanglement structure for ideal states, but it has non‐negligible underperformance when tackling imperfect experimental data in reality. Here, a modified classifier based on feed‐forward neural network to predict experimental entanglement structure in terms of entanglement intactness and depth is proposed. By preprocessing the input data, the classifier maintains efficiency and reliability against experimental noises, with the accuracy being enhanced from 69.7% to 91.2% for 6‐qubit entangled states in spin systems. This method is anticipated to shed light on future studies of entanglement structure, in particular when the number of controlled qubits reaches explosive growth in practice.
Is Ocean Acidification Really a Threat to Marine Calcifiers? A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of 980+ Studies Spanning Two Decades
Authors: Leung Jonathan Y. S. , Zhang Sam , Connell Sean D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOcean acidification is considered detrimental to marine calcifiers, but mounting contradictory evidence suggests a need to revisit this concept. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aim to critically re‐evaluate the prevailing paradigm of negative effects of ocean acidification on calcifiers. Based on 5153 observations from 985 studies, many calcifiers (e.g., echinoderms, crustaceans, and cephalopods) are found to be tolerant to near‐future ocean acidification (pH ≈ 7.8 by the year 2100), but coccolithophores, calcifying algae, and corals appear to be sensitive. Calcifiers are generally more sensitive at the larval stage than adult stage. Over 70% of the observations in growth and calcification are non‐negative, implying the acclimation capacity of many calcifiers to ocean acidification. This capacity can be mediated by phenotypic plasticity (e.g., physiological, mineralogical, structural, and molecular adjustments), transgenerational plasticity, increased food availability, or species interactions. The results suggest that the impacts of ocean acidification on calcifiers are less deleterious than initially thought as their adaptability has been underestimated. Therefore, in the forthcoming era of ocean acidification research, it is advocated that studying how marine organisms persist is as important as studying how they perish, and that future hypotheses and experimental designs are not constrained within the paradigm of negative effects.
Rechargeable Aqueous Aluminum‐Ion Battery: Progress and Outlook
Authors: Jia Bei‐Er , Thang Ai Qin , Yan Chunshuang , Liu Chuntai , Lv Chade , Zhu Qiang , Xu Jianwei , Chen Jian , Pan Hongge , Yan Qingyu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe high cost and scarcity of lithium resources have prompted researchers to seek alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries. Among emerging “Beyond Lithium” batteries, rechargeable aluminum‐ion batteries (AIBs) are yet another attractive electrochemical storage device due to their high specific capacity and the abundance of aluminum. Although the current electrochemical performance of nonaqueous AIBs is better than aqueous AIBs (AAIBs), AAIBs have recently gained attention due to their low cost and enhanced safety. Extensive efforts are devoted to developing AAIBs in the last few years. Yet, it is still challenging to achieve stable electrodes with good electrochemical performance and electrolytes without side reactions. This review summarizes the recent progress in the exploration of anode and cathode materials and the selection of electrolytes of AAIBs. Lastly, the main challenges and future research outlook of high‐performance AAIBs are also presented.
Mesoporous LDH Metastructure from Multiscale Assembly of Defective Nanodomains by Laser Shock for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yi Wendi , Jiang Haoqing , Cheng Gary J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLaser is a powerful tool for the synthesis of nanomaterials. The intensive laser pulses delivered to materials within nanoseconds allow the formation of novel structures that are inaccessible for conventional methods. Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanostructures with high porosity, suitable dopants, and rich defects are desirable for catalysts, however, tremendously difficult in a one‐pot synthesis. Here it is found that confined laser shock in solvent leads to the formation of nanoreactors which guide the assembly of multiscale LDH building units, larger nanosheets as frame and smaller nanodomains as building blocks. These nanodomains have rich vacancy defects and are interlocked in a high packed density of 1013 cm−2, leaving rich mesopores across the nanosheets and coral‐like morphology. Like the natural coral reef that has multiscale structure to accommodate different marine organisms, the coral‐like LDH metastructure provides large surface area and rich active sites for the interaction with guest molecules. Benefiting from the multiscale porous structure and rational dopant, this LDH catalyst exhibits a low overpotential of 220 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), standing as one of the best LDH catalysts to date.
Linker Engineering of Ligand‐Decorated DNA Origami Nanostructures Affects Biological Activity
Authors: Domínguez Carmen M. , García‐Chamé Miguel , Müller Ulrike , Kraus Andreas , Gordiyenko Klavdiya , Itani Ahmad , Haschke Heiko , Lanzerstorfer Peter , Rabe Kersten S. , Niemeyer Christof M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNews from an old acquaintance: The streptavidin (STV)‐biotin binding system is frequently used for the decoration of DNA origami nanostructures (DON) to study biological systems. Here, a surprisingly high dynamic of the STV/DON interaction is reported, which is affected by the structure of the DNA linker system. Analysis of different mono‐ or bi‐dentate linker architectures on DON with a novel high‐speed atomic force microscope (HS‐AFM) enabling acquisition times as short as 50 ms per frame gave detailed insights into the dynamics of the DON/STV interaction, revealing dwell times in the sub‐100 millisecond range. The linker systems are also used to present biotinylated epidermal growth factor on DON to study the activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling cascade in HeLa cells. The studies confirm that cellular activation correlated with the binding properties of linker‐specific STV/DON interactions observed by HS‐AFM. This work sheds more light on the commonly used STV/DON system and will help to further standardize the use of DNA nanostructures for the study of biological processes.
Light‐Driven Reversible Hydrogen Storage in Light‐Weight Metal Hydrides Enabled by Photothermal Effect
Authors: Sun Yahui , Zhang Xiaoyue , Chen Wei , Ye Jikai , Ju Shunlong , Aguey‐Zinsou Kondo‐Francois , Xia Guanglin , Sun Dalin , Yu Xuebin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRequiring high temperature for hydrogen storage is the main feature impeding practical application of light metal hydrides. Herein, to lift the restrictions associated with traditional electric heating, light is used as an alternative energy input, and a light‐mediated catalytic strategy coupling photothermal and catalytic effects is proposed. With NaAlH4 as the initial target material, TiO2 nanoparticles uniformly distribute on carbon nanosheets (TiO2@C), which couples the catalytic effect of TiO2 and photothermal property of C, is constructed to drive reversible hydrogen storage in NaAlH4 under light irradiation. Under the catalysis of TiO2@C, complete hydrogen release from NaAlH4 is achieved within 7 min under a light intensity of 10 sun. Furthermore, owing to the stable catalytic and photothermal effect of TiO2@C, NaAlH4 delivers a reversible capacity of 4 wt% after 10 cycles with a capacity retention of 85% under light irradiation only. The proposed strategy is also applicable to other light metal hydrides such as LiAlH4 and MgH2, validating its universality. The concept of light‐driven hydrogen storage provides an alternative approach to electric heating, and the light‐mediated catalytic strategy proposed herein paves the way to the design of reversible high‐density hydrogen storage systems that do not rely on artificial energy.
Silicate‐Mediated Electrolytic Silicon Nanotube from Silica in Molten Salts
Authors: Jing Shuangxi , Xiao Juanxiu , Shen Yijun , Hong Biao , Gu Dong , Xiao Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractElectrochemical preparation/processing of functional silicon from abundant silica is an ideal protocol to promote sustainability of energy sectors. Such an imperative task is challenged by poor electrical conductivity of Si/SiO2 and inadequate mass diffusion of bulk silicon. Herein, a template‐free and one‐step preparation of silicon nanotubes (Si‐NT) from electrochemical reduction of silica in molten salts is reported. An in situ oriented growth of silicate nanorods (NRs) from silica is clarified as the key step to direct a self‐template evolution of Si‐NT from silica. The silicate‐mediated construction of Si‐based NT is versatile and successfully extended to prepare Si‐NT/graphite and TixSiy‐NT. Benefitting from fast longitudinal motorways for fast transport of electrons and ions along/inside NTs, an energy consumption 30% lower than industrial silicon production is achieved. When evaluated as anode of lithium ion battery, the Si‐NT‐based electrodes show outstanding initial Coulombic efficiency and high reversible capacity. The silicate‐mediated construction of Si‐based NT integrates straightforward preparation and intriguing functionality of Si‐based materials, bridging a closed‐loop Si‐based energy infrastructure.
High‐Performance Nonfused Ring Electron Acceptors with V‐Shaped Side Chains
Authors: Li Jingyi , Zhang Zhenyu , Ran Guangliu , Xu Xiaoyun , Zhang Cai'e , Liu Wenlong , Zheng Xinming , Li Dawei , Xu Xinjun , Liu Yahui , Tang Zheng , Zhang Wenkai , Bo Zhishan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMotivated by simplifying the synthesis of nonfullerene acceptor and establishing the relation between molecular structure and photovoltaic performance, two isomeric nonfused ring electron acceptors (o‐TT‐Cl and m‐TT‐Cl), whose properties can be adjusted by changing the side chains, are designed and synthesized with several high‐yield steps. o‐TT‐Cl with V‐shaped side chain induces a dominated J‐aggregation and displays much better solubility and more ordered packing than m‐TT‐Cl with linear side chain. Thus, the o‐TT‐Cl‐based blend film generates better phase morphology and charge transport than m‐TT‐Cl‐based one. Finally, the power conversion efficiency of o‐TT‐Cl‐based devices is 12.84%, which is much higher than that of m‐TT‐Cl‐based ones (6.54%). This work highlights the importance of side chains engineering on improving photovoltaic performance of nonfused ring electron acceptors.
Ethanol‐Induced Hydrogen Insertion in Ultrafine IrPdH Boosts pH‐Universal Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Dayu , Jiang Xian , Lin Zijing , Zeng Xin , Zhu Yinyan , Wang Yongchao , Gong Mingxing , Tang Yawen , Fu Gengtao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEngineering Pt‐free catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with high activity and stability is of great significance in electrochemical hydrogen production. Herein, in situ chemical H intercalation into ultrafine Pd to activate this otherwise HER‐inferior material to form the ultrafine IrPdH hydride as an efficient and stable HER electrocatalyst is proposed. The formation of PdIrH depends on a new hydrogenation strategy via using ethanol as the hydrogen resource. It is demonstrated that H atoms in IrPdH originate from the OH and CH2 of ethanol, which fills the gap of ethanol as the hydrogen source for the preparation of Pd hydride. Thanks to the incorporation of H/Ir atoms and ultrafine structure, the IrPdH exhibits superior HER activity and stability in the whole pH range. The IrPdH delivers very low overpotentials of 14, 25 and 60 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm–2 respectively in 0.5 m H2SO4, 1 m KOH, and 1 m PBS electrolytes, which are much better than those of commercial Pt/C and most reported noble metal electrocatalysts. Theoretical calculations confirm that interstitial hydrogen availably refines the electronic density of Pd and Ir sites, which optimizes the adsorption of *H and leads to the significant enhancement of HER performance.
Incorporating various perspectives in using instant messages in teaching programming: A critical system thinking perspective
Authors: Manduna Watson , Goede Roelien , Drevin Lynette 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the application of instant messaging (IM) in programming training is argued to be possible and inevitable, especially in the high schools/colleges of poor communities. However, challenges in its application were noted. These challenges of utilising IM and the reluctance of the students in applying it in their programming training acted as a motivation for the study. Our aim is to use IM for a different purpose than its original intention. Critical systems heuristics was used as a multi‐methodological framework for the incorporation of various conditioned realities, where the technological pedagogical content knowledge framework was applied to incorporate the applicable technological, pedagogical, content areas. The guidelines were enhanced from knowledge gained from an action research project with trainee teachers. This iterative process demonstrates the incorporation of both theoretical and empirical context‐based perspectives into the understanding and addressing of a problem environment.