bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of the doses computed by the Eclipse treatment planning system near and inside metal elements
Authors: Pawałowski Bartosz , Ryczkowski Adam , Panek Rafał , Sobocka-Kurdyk Urszula , Graczyk Kinga , Piotrowski Tomasz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMetal artefacts degrade clinical image quality which decreases the confidence of using computed tomography (CT) for the delineation of key structures for treatment planning and leads to dose errors in affected areas. In this work, we investigated accuracy of doses computed by the Eclipse treatment planning system near and inside metallic elements for two different computation algorithms. An impact of CT metal artefact reduction methods on the resulting calculated doses has also been assessed. A water phantom including Gafchromic film and metal inserts was irradiated (max dose 5 Gy) using a 6 MV photon beam. Three materials were tested: titanium, alloy 600, and tungsten. The phantom CT images were obtained with the pseudo-monoenergetic reconstruction (PMR) and the iterative metal artefact reduction (iMAR). Image sets were used for dose calculation using an Eclipse treatment planning station (TPS). Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were used to predict the true dose distribution in the phantom allowing for comparison with doses measured by film and calculated by TPS. Measured and simulated percentage depth doses (PDDs) were not statistically different (p > 0.618). Regional differences were observed at edges of metallic objects (max 8% difference). However, PDDs simulated with and without film were statistically different (p < 0.002). PDDs calculated by the Acuros XB algorithm based on the dose-to-medium approach best matched the MC reference regardless of the CT reconstruction methods and inserts used (p > 0.078). PDDs obtained using other algorithms significantly differ from the MC values (p < 0.011). The Acuros XB algorithm with a dose-to-medium approach provides reliable dose calculation in all metal regions when using the Varian system. The inability of the AAA algorithm to model backscatter dose significantly limits its clinical application in the presence of metal. No significant impact on the dose calculation was found for a range of metal artefact reduction strategies.
Deciphering how early life adiposity influences breast cancer risk using Mendelian randomization
Authors: Vabistsevits Marina , Davey Smith George , Sanderson Eleanor , Richardson Tom G. , Lloyd-Lewis Bethan , Richmond Rebecca C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStudies suggest that adiposity in childhood may reduce the risk of breast cancer in later life. The biological mechanism underlying this effect is unclear but is likely to be independent of body size in adulthood. Using a Mendelian randomization framework, we investigate 18 hypothesised mediators of the protective effect of childhood adiposity on later-life breast cancer, including hormonal, reproductive, physical, and glycaemic traits. Our results indicate that, while most of the hypothesised mediators are affected by childhood adiposity, only IGF-1 (OR: 1.08 [1.03: 1.15]), testosterone (total/free/bioavailable ~ OR: 1.12 [1.05: 1.20]), age at menopause (OR: 1.05 [1.03: 1.07]), and age at menarche (OR: 0.92 [0.86: 0.99], direct effect) influence breast cancer risk. However, multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis shows that the protective effect of childhood body size remains unaffected when accounting for these traits (ORs: 0.59–0.67). This suggests that none of the investigated potential mediators strongly contribute to the protective effect of childhood adiposity on breast cancer risk individually. It is plausible, however, that several related traits could collectively mediate the effect when analysed together, and this work provides a compelling foundation for investigating other mediating pathways in future studies.
ROCK2-induced metabolic rewiring in diabetic podocytopathy
Authors: Matoba Keiichiro , Takeda Yusuke , Nagai Yosuke , Sekiguchi Kensuke , Ukichi Rikako , Takahashi Hiroshi , Aizawa Daisuke , Ikegami Masahiro , Tachibana Toshiaki , Kawanami Daiji , Kanazawa Yasushi , Yokota Tamotsu , Utsunomiya Kazunori , Nishimura Rimei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLoss of podocytes is a common feature of diabetic renal injury and a key contributor to the development of albuminuria. We found that podocyte Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) is activated in rodent models and patients with diabetes. Mice that lacked ROCK2 only in podocytes (PR2KO) were resistant to albuminuria, glomerular fibrosis, and podocyte loss in multiple animal models of diabetes (i.e., streptozotocin injection, db/db, and high-fat diet feeding). RNA-sequencing of ROCK2-null podocytes provided initial evidence suggesting ROCK2 as a regulator of cellular metabolism. In particular, ROCK2 serves as a suppressor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α (PPARα), which rewires cellular programs to negatively control the transcription of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and consequently induce podocyte apoptosis. These data establish ROCK2 as a nodal regulator of podocyte energy homeostasis and suggest this signaling pathway as a promising target for the treatment of diabetic podocytopathy.
Challenges in identifying chiral spin textures via the topological Hall effect
Authors: Kimbell Graham , Kim Changyoung , Wu Weida , Cuoco Mario , Robinson Jason W. A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChiral spin textures such as skyrmions are of interest to the field of spintronics for their potential use in future computing devices. Hall effect measurements are a simple and powerful method to probe the electronic and magnetic properties of materials. The topological Hall effect, which appears as anomalies in Hall resistance versus magnetic field measurements compared to magnetic measurements, has frequently been used to establish the occurrence of chiral spin textures. However, in addition to experimental issues, intrinsic electronic mechanisms combined with inhomogeneity in materials and at interfaces can lead to an inhomogeneous anomalous Hall effect which could be mistaken for a topological Hall signal. This review covers recent research using Hall effect measurements to probe chiral spin textures, focusing on SrRuO3 as a model system. The ambiguity between Hall effects due to topological sources has led to disagreement in the interpretation of experimental results and casts doubts on the effectiveness of these techniques for investigating chiral spin textures.
Significant effects of host dietary guild and phylogeny in wild lemur gut microbiomes
Authors: Donohue Mariah E , Rowe Amanda K , Kowalewski Eric , Hert Zoe L , Karrick Carly E , Randriamanandaza Lovasoa J , Zakamanana Francois , Nomenjanahary Stela , Andriamalala Rostant Y , Everson Kathryn M , Law Audrey D , Moe Luke , Wright Patricia C , Weisrock David W 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Mammals harbor diverse gut microbiomes (GMs) that perform critical functions for host health and fitness. Identifying factors associated with GM variation can help illuminate the role of microbial symbionts in mediating host ecological interactions and evolutionary processes, including diversification and adaptation. Many mammals demonstrate phylosymbiosis—a pattern in which more closely-related species harbor more similar GMs—while others show overwhelming influences of diet and habitat. Here, we generated 16S rRNA sequence data from fecal samples of 15 species of wild lemurs across southern Madagascar to (1) test a hypothesis of phylosymbiosis, and (2) test trait correlations between dietary guild, habitat, and GM diversity. Our results provide strong evidence of phylosymbiosis, though some closely-related species with substantial ecological niche overlap exhibited greater GM similarity than expected under Brownian motion. Phylogenetic regressions also showed a significant correlation between dietary guild and UniFrac diversity, but not Bray-Curtis or Jaccard. This discrepancy between beta diversity metrics suggests that older microbial clades have stronger associations with diet than younger clades, as UniFrac weights older clades more heavily. We conclude that GM diversity is predominantly shaped by host phylogeny, and that microbes associated with diet were likely acquired before evolutionary radiations within the lemur families examined.
Effect of Place-Based Versus Default Mapping Procedures on Masked Speech Recognition: Simulations of Cochlear Implant Alone and Electric-Acoustic Stimulation
Authors: Dillon Margaret T. , O'Connell Brendan P. , Canfarotta Michael W. , Buss Emily , Hopfinger Joseph 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:Cochlear implant (CI) recipients demonstrate variable speech recognition when listening with a CI-alone or electric-acoustic stimulation (EAS) device, which may be due in part to electric frequency-to-place mismatches created by the default mapping procedures. Performance may be improved if the filter frequencies are aligned with the cochlear place frequencies, known as place-based mapping. Performance with default maps versus an experimental place-based map was compared for participants with normal hearing when listening to CI-alone or EAS simulations to observe potential outcomes prior to initiating an investigation with CI recipients.Method:A noise vocoder simulated CI-alone and EAS devices, mapped with default or place-based procedures. The simulations were based on an actual 24-mm electrode array recipient, whose insertion angles for each electrode contact were used to estimate the respective cochlear place frequency. The default maps used the filter frequencies assigned by the clinical software. The filter frequencies for the place-based maps aligned with the cochlear place frequencies for individual contacts in the low- to mid-frequency cochlear region. For the EAS simulations, low-frequency acoustic information was filtered to simulate aided low-frequency audibility. Performance was evaluated for the AzBio sentences presented in a 10-talker masker at +5 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), +10 dB SNR, and asymptote.Results:Performance was better with the place-based maps as compared with the default maps for both CI-alone and EAS simulations. For instance, median performance at +10 dB SNR for the CI-alone simulation was 57% correct for the place-based map and 20% for the default map. For the EAS simulation, those values were 59% and 37% correct. Adding acoustic low-frequency information resulted in a similar benefit for both maps.Conclusions:Reducing frequency-to-place mismatches, such as with the experimental place-based mapping procedure, produces a greater benefit in speech recognition than maximizing bandwidth for CI-alone and EAS simulations. Ongoing work is evaluating the initial and long-term performance benefits in CI-alone and EAS users.Supplemental Material:https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19529053
Parent-Implemented Positive Behavior Support Strategies for Young Children on the Autism Spectrum: A Pilot Investigation
Authors: Hampton Lauren H. , Stern Yael S. , Fipp-Rosenfield Hannah , Bearss Karen , Roberts Megan Y. 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
Parents of children on the autism spectrum enrolled in early intervention often receive coaching to address both social communication and disruptive behavior, which are the two most frequently reported concerns by parents. Intervention techniques for both are often recommended to be implemented across daily routines and require the parents to learn new ways of interacting with their child. A sequential approach to instructing parents in these key intervention targets may reduce burden and increase adherence.

Method:
This multiple-baseline design pilot study included three mother–child dyads who received instruction in a disruptive behavior intervention immediately following a social communication intervention. Maternal maintenance of social communication strategies and child disruptive behaviors were measured during probes throughout the study.

Results:
Results indicate that although mothers readily learned to implement the techniques, fidelity of implementing social communication strategies declined after introduction of the positive behavior support strategies.

Conclusions:
A sequenced approach to parent-mediated intervention is feasible and acceptable. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19528978
Optimizing Outcomes for Children With Phonological Impairment: A Systematic Search and Review of Outcome and Experience Measures Reported in Intervention Research
Authors: Baker Elise , Masso Sarah , Huynh Kylie , Sugden Ellie 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
Reporting of outcome and experience measures is critical to our understanding of the effect of intervention for speech sound disorders (SSD) in children. There is currently no agreed-upon set of measures for reporting intervention outcomes and experiences. In this article, we introduce the Speech Outcome Reporting Taxonomy (SORT), a tool designed to assist with the classification of outcome and experience measures. In a systematic search and review using the SORT, we explore the type and frequency of these measures reported in intervention research addressing phonological impairment in children. Given the integral relationship between intervention fidelity and intervention outcomes, reporting of fidelity is also examined.

Method:
Five literature databases were searched to identify articles written or translated into English published between 1975 and 2020. Using the SORT, outcome and experience measures were extracted and categorized. The number of intervention studies reporting fidelity was determined.

Results:

A total of 220 articles met inclusion criteria. The most frequently reported outcome domain was broad generalization measures (
n
= 142, 64.5%), followed by specific measures of generalization of an intervention target (
n
= 133, 60.5%). Eleven (5.0%) articles reported measures of the impact of the phonological impairment on children's activity, participation, quality of life, or others. Twenty articles (9.1%) reported on parent, child, or clinician experience or child engagement. Fidelity data were reported for 13.4% of studies of interventions.

Conclusions:
The measurement of intervention outcomes is challenging yet important. No single type of measure was reported across all articles. Through using tailored measures closely related to intervention targets in combination with a universal set of measures of intelligibility, the impact of phonological impairment on children's lives, and the experience of receiving and providing intervention, researchers and clinicians could work together to progress insights and innovations in science and practice for children with SSD.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19497803
Immersion and invariance‐based adaptive pose tracking control under disturbances and input saturation
Authors: Peng Xuan , Shi Xiaoping , Gong Yupeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses the simultaneous attitude and position tracking of a rigid body subject to general bounded disturbances and input saturation in the framework of dual quaternions, which provide a compact and integrated description of the coupled rotation and translation. Treating disturbances as unknown parameters, a modular adaptive saturated pose tracking control scheme is then derived which consists of two separately designed parts. One part is the noncertainty equivalent disturbance estimator designed via the immersion and invariance method. Most existing adaptive pose controllers are based on the certainty equivalence principle. Since its parameter adaption process is unpredictable and acts like a forcing disturbance imposed on the deterministic system, it can cause arbitrary degradation of the closed‐loop performance. Instead of invoking the certainty equivalence principle, the adaption law designed based on the novel immersion and invariance method counters the effects of the uncertain parameters from a robustness perspective and eliminates the performance degradation by introducing a stable attracting manifold in the adaption process. For both constant and time‐varying disturbances, the proposed estimator can effectively attenuate their effects on the closed‐loop performance. The other part is the saturated pose tracking controller where the estimated disturbances are directly used. Based on two useful lemmas, it is proved that the saturation constraints can be removed in finite time, which enables the Lyapunov stability analysis of the closed‐loop system. Simulation results demonstrate improvements of the proposed control scheme in closed‐loop performance and control precision when compared with a certainty equivalent controller and a sliding mode controller.
Deep motion‐compensation enhancement in video compression
Authors: Prette N. , Valsesia D. , Bianchi T. , Magli E. , Naccari M. , Fiandrotti A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis work introduces the multiframe motion‐compensation enhancement network (MMCE‐Net), a deep‐learning tool aimed at improving the performance of current video coding standards based on motion‐compensation, such as H.265/HEVC. The proposed method improves the inter‐prediction coding efficiency by enhancing the accuracy of the motion‐compensated frame and thereby improving the rate‐distortion performance. MMCE‐Net is a neural network that jointly exploits the predicted coding unit and two co‐located coding units from previous reference frames to improve the estimation of the temporal evolution of the scene. This letter describes the architecture of MMCE‐Net, how it is integrated into H.265/HEVC and the corresponding performance.
Sketch‐BF: A fast algorithm for finding top‐k flows
Authors: Lu Jie , Chen Hongchang , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Zhen , Wang Liang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFinding top‐k flows plays an essential role for many network managements. Since the line rates keep increasing in networks, finding top‐k flows precisely and quickly becomes more challenging. Existing algorithms for top‐k finding can achieve high precision suffering from slow speed. In this paper, the authors propose Sketch‐BF, which is a novel top‐k finding solution that is much faster than existing algorithms while ensuring high precision. The core idea is to add a bloom filter variant between sketch and heap to accelerate by significantly reducing the min‐heap update. The authors’ experimental results show that, while maintaining precision, Sketch‐BF has about two to five times higher insertion speed compared with the state‐of‐the‐art.
Perturbation estimation based nonlinear adaptive control of VSC flexible excitation system
Authors: Yang Ning , Zeng Qi , Yin Xin , Wang Weiyu , Zeng Pingliang , Jiang Lin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA new type of flexible excitation system (FES) is proposed by using fully‐controlled power electronic devices such as IGBTs to replace the half controlled devices in the conventional static excitation system, which has the merit of independent control of rotor angle and terminal voltage of the synchronous generator. This paper proposes nonlinear adaptive control (NAC) strategies for synchronous generator with FES in a single machine infinite bus system. External disturbances and the uncertainties of all parameters as well as modelling are defined as lumped perturbation terms and estimated by perturbation observers or state and perturbation observer. The estimated perturbation terms are used to compensate the real perturbations and achieve a model‐independent and robust NAC. Merits of the FES against the conventional static excitation system and effectiveness of the proposed NAC scheme against the accurate model based multi‐variable feedback linearisation control are verified via small‐signal stability analysis and simulation studies. The simulation results have shown that the proposed NAC can achieve superior control performance with less states feedback during a three‐phase short circuit and better robustness against parameter uncertainties, compared with linear control and multi‐variable feedback linearisation control.
Symmetric thinned coprime array with reduced mutual coupling for mixed near‐field and far‐field sources localization
Authors: Wang Yinsheng , Cui WeiJia , Yang Bingqing , Ba Bin , Mei Fengtong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs we all know, the non‐uniform array is widely used in the mixed near‐field (NF) and far‐field sources localization. The nested array contains a uniform linear array, it is easy to be affected by mutual coupling, so we propose a symmetric thinned coprime array (STCA) to reduce the mutual coupling effect of mixed source localization. In this paper, the STCA configuration consists of two sparse uniform linear arrays, the first subarray is composed of 2N − 1 sensors, and the sensor element spacing is Md. The second subarray is composed of sensors, and the sensor element spacing are Nd and Md respectively. The two subarrays form the symmetric coprime array, which shares a reference sensor. Under the same number of physical array sensors, compared with the latest symmetric nested array, although STCA has lower consecutive lags, the array sensors have larger inter‐sensor spacing and larger physical array aperture, which can significantly reduce the mutual coupling effect between physical sensors, and better estimation performance of direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation can be achieved. Finally, simulation results show that STCA can achieve better performance than other symmetric nested arrays under the same array sensors and mutual coupling effects.
Tidally driven tectonic activity as a parameter in exoplanet habitability
Authors: McIntyre S. R. N. 
Published: April 2022

Context.The habitability of an exoplanet is defined by its ability to support surface liquid water. The long-term carbon cycle plays an important role in regulating planetary temperature, thus supporting the conditions for the preservation of surface liquid water and, consequently, the habitability of exoplanets.Aims.On Earth, plate tectonics play an integral role in driving the long-term carbon cycle; however, on tidally locked rocky exoplanets, alternative tectonic mechanisms driven by tidal stress and tidal heating could serve this purpose in an analogous way.Methods.We calculated tidal stress and tidal heating rates to model the likelihood of tectonic activity maintaining stable climates suitable for surface liquid water on tidally locked rocky exoplanets with radii ofRp≤ 1.23R⊕.Results.Applying the tidal models to our sample of 767 tidally locked rocky exoplanets reveals that ~10% of exoplanets, including Proxima Cen b and GJ 1061 d from the circumstellar habitable zone (CHZ), pass the tidal stress subduction threshold for mobile lid tectonic activity and simultaneously reside within the optimal tidal heating zone. This subset of exoplanets could sustain tidally induced temperate mobile lid tectonic activity that is comparable to plate tectonics on Earth, aiding in maintaining the presence of surface liquid water. Furthermore, ~40% of exoplanets from our sample located in the CHZ would be unable to maintain the tectonic activity needed to stabilise the climate and are unlikely to retain surface liquid water. When broadening our modelling to establish the overlap between tidal stress, tidal heating, and the CHZ to discover optimal regions to target for future observations, we determined that tidally driven tectonic activity conducive to the maintenance of surface liquid water occurs predominantly around M dwarfs. We identified intersections, where both mobile lid and optimal tidal heating could be sustained on eccentric (e> 0.1) Earth-sized exoplanets (Rp= 1.0-1.23R⊕) orbiting in the CHZ of low-mass M dwarfs.