bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
68Ga-Pentixafor PET in Combination With MRI Improves the Differential Diagnosis of Glioblastoma and Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
Authors: Chen Zhenying , Liu Huimin , Yang Apeng , Liao Jingwei , Wu Zanyi , Chen Junmin , Miao Weibing 
Published: January 2025

Purposes
This study aims to investigate the diagnostic performance of combining 68Ga-pentixafor PET with MRI to differentiate primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) from glioblastoma (GBM), particularly focusing on atypical lymphoma identification.

Patients and Methods
Seventy-one PCNSL and 53 GBM patients who underwent both 68Ga-pentixafor PET/CT and MRI were retrospectively included. We evaluated the quantitative imaging parameters and MRI features of positive lesions, identifying atypical PCNSL by hemorrhage, necrosis, or heterogeneous enhancement. Logistic regression identified key variables, and the ROC-AUC evaluated their diagnostic value. Immunohistochemistry for CXCR4 was performed.

Results
PCNSLs, including 23 atypical cases, showed higher SUVmax and TBR, and lower MTV, ADCmin, and relative ADCmin (rADCmin) than GBMs (all P’s < 0.05). The CXCR4 staining in PCNSL was also more pronounced in GBM (P = 0.048). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that a combination of TBR, MTV, and ADCmin (quantitative model 1) had a superior AUC of 0.913 in distinguishing PCNSL from GBM, outperforming single parameters (all P’s < 0.05). For differentiating atypical PCNSL from GBM, single quantitatively parameters showed moderate performance (AUC, 0.655–0.767). Further combining TBR with ADCmin (quantitative model 2) significantly improve the AUC to 0.883. Multiparameter models, incorporating significant quantitative and qualitative MRI features, achieved AUCs of 0.953 (PCNSL vs GBM) and 0.902 (atypical PCNSL vs GBM), significantly outperforming single parameters (all P’s < 0.05).

Conclusions

68Ga-pentixafor PET in combination with MRI provides valuable diagnostic information in differentiating PCNSL from GBM, especially for atypical PCNSL.
Uncommon Breast Metastasis From Rectal Carcinoma Clearly Revealed on 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT
Authors: Xiao Liu , Li Li , Li Lin , Zhang Wenjie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Breast metastasis from rectal carcinoma is very rare. We report a case of imaging findings of breast metastasis in a 31-year-old woman who underwent laparoscopic radical tumor resection 8 months ago. 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT showed 4 small breast nodules with intense 68Ga-FAPI uptake (SUVmax, 9.22) but slight 18F-FDG uptake (SUVmax, 1.95). Needle biopsy supported a diagnosis of metastasis from rectal adenocarcinoma.
Normative Palatal Measurements in Infants: Implications for Nasoalveolar Molding in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients
Authors: Gossett Katherine A. , Kassam Serena N. , Rist Tyler M. , Thuman Jenna , Stalcup Seth , Yazdani Milad , Gregoski Mathew J. , Patel Krishna G. 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Children with cleft lip ± palate (CL/P) may undergo nasoalveolar molding (NAM) before surgery to achieve arch alignment and tension-free closure, yet the endpoint of arch dimensions has not been defined.

Objective:
To characterize the size and shape of infant palates using anatomic landmarks on magnetic resonance imaging in infants without CL/P.

Methods:
Magnetic resonance imaging of infants without cleft palate younger than 3 months were reviewed and 13 measurements were taken to define palatal shape: distance between incisive foramen (IF) and incisors (IN), IF and middle of canines (MOC), between MOCs, between first molars (FM), 2 depth and 4 angle measurements.

Results:
Ninety-two infants between 30 and 44 weeks old were included. Pre-maxillary growth from 30 to 44 weeks demonstrated the slowest growth (0.06 cm) from IF to between IN (B) and the greatest growth (0.7 cm) between the width of FM (K). The measurements between MOC (J) and between FMs (K) had the highest positive correlation to age at 0.55 and 0.61, respectively.

Conclusion:
There was predictable growth of the palate noted between 30 and 44 weeks, with the most predictive measurements represented by the width of the canines and first molar locations along the alveolus. These values can help guide pre-surgical orthopedics in infants with CL/P.
Incarceration is associated with higher mortality after trauma: An unreported health care disparity
Authors: Newman-Plotnick Harry , Byrne James P. , Haut Elliott Richard , Hultman Charles Scott 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
While the United States has the highest incarceration rate worldwide, at nearly 1% of the adult population (more than 2 million people), insights regarding health disparities in this population remain limited. This retrospective cohort study represents the largest national database analysis of incarcerated trauma patients to date and investigates whether incarceration status is an independent risk factor for poor outcomes after trauma for US adults.

METHODS
We analyzed data from the National Trauma Data Bank from 2017 to 2018. Using multilevel logistic regression, we measured risk-adjusted associations between incarceration status (assessed by International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, location codes) and trauma outcomes: mortality, any in-hospital complications, aggregate major complications, and failure to rescue. We report odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for demographics, transfer status, insurance, comorbidities, injury mechanism, injury severity, and presenting vitals. A secondary analysis was performed using nearest neighbor matching with a 2:1 ratio of nonincarcerated to incarcerated patients, followed by multilevel logistic regression.

RESULTS
There were 12,888 incarcerated patients and 1,654,254 nonincarcerated patients. Incarcerated patients were younger (median, 36 vs. 55 years), more likely to be male (94.9% vs. 60.5%), Black (27.9% vs. 13.9%), and Hispanic (15.7% vs. 11.5%) and presented more frequently with minor injuries (Injury Severity Score, <9; 65.4% vs. 48.9%) and with stabbings and other blunt events as mechanisms of injury. Although unadjusted mortality was lower for incarcerated patients, after adjustment, they were significantly more likely to die (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 1.42 [1.19–1.68]), which was consistent in the matched analysis (AOR, 1.19 [1.03–1.36]). Incarcerated patients were, conversely, less likely to suffer any in-hospital complication (AOR, 0.76 [0.68–0.85]; matched AOR, 0.88 [0.81–0.97]).

CONCLUSION
Our study redemonstrated that incarcerated trauma patients' demographics and injuries differ significantly from nonincarcerated patients. Furthermore, incarceration was an independent risk factor for mortality, a previously unreported disparity. This highlights the need for improved data collection regarding incarceration status and national prospective investigations.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level III.
Inappropriate antithrombotic use in geriatric patients with complicated traumatic brain injury
Authors: Gautam Diwas , Botros David , Aubrey Jackson , Bounajem Michael T. , Lombardo Sarah , Cortez Janet , McCrum Marta , Enniss Toby , Puckett Megan , Bowers Christian A. , Menacho Sarah T. , Grandhi Ramesh 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
Preinjury antithrombotic (AT) use is associated with worse outcomes for geriatric (65 years or older) patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previous studies have found that use of AT outside established guidelines is widespread in TBI patients.

METHODS
In this single-center retrospective cross-sectional study, we examined inappropriate AT use among geriatric patients presenting with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage. We reviewed records of patients 65 years or older with preinjury AT use who presented to a Level 1 trauma center with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage between 2016 and 2023. Patient demographics and AT indications/types were extracted. Appropriateness of AT use was determined using established guidelines.

RESULTS
The cohort comprised 207 patients (56.5% male; median age, 77 years). Fall was the most common mechanism of injury (87.9%). At initial presentation, 87.0% of patients had mild TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale scores 13–15). The two most common indications for AT use were atrial fibrillation (41.5%) and venous thromboembolism (14.5%). Anticoagulation therapy was used by 51.7% of patients, antiplatelet therapy by 40.1%, and both by 8.2%. Prescribed AT agents included warfarin (23.2%), direct oral anticoagulants (36.2%), aspirin (32.4%), and clopidogrel (15.0%). Per clinical guidelines, 31 patients (15.0%) were determined to be inappropriately on AT therapy. On multivariable analysis, venous thromboembolism (odds ratio [OR], 5.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.80–15.71; p = 0.002) and arterial stent (OR, 4.69; 95% CI, 1.53–14.37; p = 0.007) were associated with inappropriate AT use; aspirin was the most common inappropriately prescribed AT (OR, 3.59; 95% CI, 1.45–8.91; p = 0.006).

CONCLUSION
Overall, 15% of geriatric TBI patients with preinjury AT use were prescribed this therapy outside of current guidelines. Trauma providers should remain vigilant in identifying such patients and collaborate across multidisciplinary teams to implement interventions that minimize inappropriate AT use.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological Study; Level IV.
Prevalance of Carbapenemase Production Among Clinical Gram-Negative Isolates in Bangladesh: A Comprehensive Study Using Disc Potentiation Test (DPT) Method
Authors: Das Sumon Kumar , Ara Nikhat , Biswas Suma Mita , Sheikh Afzal 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe prompt identification of carbapenemases, particularlyKlebsiella pneumoniaecarbapenemases (KPC) and Metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) produced byKlebsiella pneumoniaeandEnterobacteriaceae, is imperative in stemming the spread of pathogens carrying these antibiotic-resistant attributes. This retrospective study seeks to delve into the clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients affected by gram-negative bacteria producing KPC and MBL, shedding light on their profiles and impacts.MethodsWe analyzed 147 clinical isolates from tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Bacterial identification and Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) analysis were performed using conventional culture and VITEK®2 compact system. Carbapenem non-susceptibility (Cns) was defined as a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ≥1 µg/ml forEnterobacteriaceaewhilePseudomonas aeruginosaandAcinetobacter baumanniibacterial isolates Imipenem non-susceptibility was defined as an MIC of ≥2 µg/ml. Detection of KPC and MBL-producing isolates was performed using the disk potentiation test (DPT) method.ResultsAll 147 clinical bacterial isolates demonstrated resistance to Imipenem (MIC 1 -≥16 µg/ml), withKlebsiella pneumoniaecarbapenemase (KPC) detected in 26.53 % (39 out of 147) isolates and metallo-beta-lactamases (MBL) in 44.89% (66 out of 147) isolates. Carbapenem resistance was notably prevalent among older male patients of the “> 60” age group, with the ICU harboring the highest number of resistant isolates, primarily associated withAcinetobacter baumanniifollowed byKlebsiella pneumoniae.ConclusionOur findings unveiled a concerning prevalence of carbapenem resistance among clinical bacterial isolates, with notable proportions of KPC and MBL producers. The findings underscore the urgent need for effective surveillance and infection control measures to mitigate the spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens in healthcare settings.
Exploring Drug Repurposing for Rare Diseases: Leveraging Biomedical Knowledge Graphs and Access to Scientific Literature
Authors: Yuryev Anton , Tropsha Alex , Mitchell Grant 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDrug repurposing presents a potential solution for finding new therapies for rare and orphan diseases. The limited number of patients affected by rare diseases, combined with scarce research and the financial burden of clinical trials, creates a significant barrier to developing new drugs. Drug repurposing utilizes the known safety profile and effectiveness of existing medications to fast-track the development of life-saving therapies.Recently drug repurposing has focused on utilizing biomedical knowledge graphs to uncover hidden connections between diseases and drugs, revealing promising candidates for repurposing. Because most knowledge graphs in biomedical domain are made by text-mining scientific literature we decided to compare the amount of knowledge contained in open access and controlled (subscription only) access literature.Elsevier and Every Cure make logical partners and allowed the project to use Elsevier’s ability to access both controlled and open access publications and its proprietary Elsevier AI technology to construct the knowledge graph. Notwithstanding the fact that more than 50% of relationships in drug repurposing for rare diseases can be found in open access content, 45% of relationships remain only in controlled access. We argue that this is due to the large number of edges supported by single reference in the entire biomedical knowledge graph and does not reflect an intrinsic difference between open and controlled access.
Moving beyond self-report in characterizing drug addiction: Using drug-biased behavior to prospectively inform treatment adherence in opioid use disorder
Authors: McClain Natalie , Ceceli Ahmet O. , Kronberg Greg , Alia-Klein Nelly , Goldstein Rita Z. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDrug addiction is accompanied by enhanced salience attributed to drug over nondrug cues. This objectively measured bias is reliable yet underutilized in informing clinical endpoints, as clinical trials largely employ subjective (i.e., self-report or interview-based drug use and craving) or simple categorical (e.g., drug in urine) measures, with limited success. Having previously demonstrated their utility in cocaine addiction, we investigated whether behavioral picture choice (a lab-simulated drug seeking measure) and verbal fluency similarly reveal drug bias in 59 abstinent, inpatient individuals with opioid use disorder (iOUD) compared to 29 healthy controls (HC). Using a hierarchical regression, and compared to subjective measures, we then tested whether these objective markers can better inform prospective treatment completion—a clinically relevant and measurable outcome. As expected, results showed that the iOUD exhibited higher simulated drug seeking (ps<0.036) and drug fluency (p=0.008) compared to the HC. Importantly, after dimensionality reduction, while the self-reported years of regular opioid use and cue-induced craving showed null results (|β|<0.47,p>0.290), and controlling for demographics, drug choice was associated with treatment completionβ=-0.75,p=0.036), explaining greater variability in its likelihood compared to the subjective measures (model comparison:ΔR2=0.102,p=0.027). Extending drug-biased choice and fluency from cocaine to opioid addiction, results further indicate that these objective measures of drug bias outperform the commonly employed subjective drug use and craving in informing a clinical outcome; unlike drug urine tests, they show important variability in abstinent iOUD. Results implicate these cognitive-behavioral tasks as powerful markers of drug bias and predictors of treatment outcome.
Identifying Psychiatric Manifestations in Outpatients with Depression and Anxiety: A Large Language Model-Based Approach
Authors: Xu Shihao , Yan Yiming , Ding Yanli , Li Feng , Zhang Shu , Tang Haoyun , Luo Chao , Li Yan , Liu Hao , Mei Yu , Gu Wenjie , Qiu Hong , Wang Yong , Qiu Jianyin , Yang Tao , Wang Zike , Zhang Qing , Geng Haiyang , Han Yunyun , Shao Jun , Opel Nils , Bing Lidong , Zhao Min , Xu Yifeng , Jiang Xun , Chen Jianhua 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeAccurate psychiatric diagnosis and assessment are crucial for effective treatment. However, while current data-driven approaches emphasize diagnostic outcomes, the process of decoding the underlying symptom expressions in patients’ language and mapping them to well-defined psychiatric terminology has received relatively little attention. This study investigates the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate the identification of diagnostic categories and symptoms from psychiatrist-patient dialogues, to provide interpretable insights and support automatic diagnosis.MethodsWe analyzed audio recordings from 1160 psychiatric diagnostic interviews, primarily involving patients with depressive disorder and anxiety disorder. A clinical entities corpus was formed by leveraging clinical annotations in EMRs (e.g., chief complaints, mental status, elements in assessment scales) and widely used assessment scales. LLMs were utilized to identify clinical symptoms, rate assessment scales, and an ensemble learning pipeline was designed to classify diagnostic results and symptoms with 10-fold cross-validation.ResultsThe system achieved 86.9% accuracy for identifying the appearance of clinical annotations and 74.7% (77.2%) accuracy for identifying anxiety (depression) symptoms. Patients with depression and anxiety, diagnosed using ICD-10 codes, were differentiated with an accuracy of 75.5%. Analysis of LLM-generated features shows that depression cases exhibited prominent markers of anhedonia and decreased volition, whereas anxiety disorders were characterized by tension and an inability to relax.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the potential of integrating LLM technology with linguistic and acoustic features to enhance psychiatric diagnostics. The developed pipeline effectively predicts psychiatric diagnoses and provides interpretable insights, showcasing a valuable tool for clinicians in mental health assessment.
Ferritin-guided iron supplementation in whole blood donors (FORTE): results of a double-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Karregat Jan H M , Meulenbeld Amber , Quee Franke A , Novotny Vĕra M J , de Haas Masja , Swinkels Dorine , van den Born Bert-Jan H , Zaaijer Hans L , Twisk Jos W R , van den Hurk Katja 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDRegular blood donation is associated with an increased risk of iron deficiency (ID; ferritin <15 µg/L). Oral iron supplementation is known to shorten iron store recovery time and could serve as a more effective alternative to extended donation intervals. We aimed to determine the optimal ferritin-guided iron supplementation protocol in terms of donor health, side-effects, donor return, and treatment adherence.METHODSIn this prospective randomized placebo-controlled trial donors with ferritin levels ≤30 µg/L were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to one of six groups, stratified for sex and age. Depending on the study arm, donors were asked to adhere to a ferrous bisglycinate supplementation protocol for 56 days, taking capsules containing 0 mg (i.e. placebo), 30 mg or 60 mg of elemental iron, either on alternate days or daily. The primary outcome was iron deficiency (ID) at 56 days follow-up, while secondary outcomes included low ferritin (≤30 µg/L), low Hb (≤135 g/L for men and ≤125 g/L for women), iron deficiency-related symptoms, side effects, treatment adherence, and evaluations of all outcomes at 122 and 180 days follow-up. This trial is registered in the Dutch trial registry (NL73283.018.20).FINDINGSOf the 2,052 donors who provided their informed consent, 830 donors (464 women) had ferritin levels ≤30 µg/L and were included in the trial. Compared to placebo, all iron supplementation groups exhibited similar significantly lower odds of ID at 56 days, with odds ratios (OR) ranging from 0.60 (95% CI [0.55–0.66]) to 0.65 (95% CI [0.59–0.72]). Similarly, for low Hb, the OR’s ranged from 0.74 (95% CI [0.64–0.86]) to 0.80 (95% CI [0.68–0.93]) For low ferritin, 60 mg of daily iron supplementation yielded an OR of 0.52 (95% CI [0.47–0.57]), markedly lower than those of other protocols, which ranged from 0.61 (95% CI [0.55–0.68]) to 0.82 (95% CI [0.74–0.91]). Iron supplementation did not result in any significant differences compared to placebo in ID-related symptoms, gastrointestinal side effects, intention to return to donate, or treatment adherence.INTERPRETATIONIn regular donors, 60 mg iron supplements taken daily was shown to be the most effective strategy for mitigating ID, low Hb, and especially low ferritin without introducing gastrointestinal discomfort or changes in the donors intention to return to donate. Ferritin-guided iron supplementation is an effective iron management strategy as an alternative or supplement to extended donation intervals.
Primary open angle glaucoma is associated with cortico-cortical receptive fields changes in early visual cortex
Authors: Invernizzi Azzurra , Carvalho Joana C. , Martins Joana , Jansonius Nomdo M. , Renken Remco J. , Cornelissen Frans W. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPURPOSEPrimary open angle glaucoma (POAG, hereafter referred to as glaucoma) is a neuro-ophthalmic disease characterized by progressive degeneration of the retinal ganglion cells and nerve fibers. However, the exact pathogenesis of this disease remains unresolved, notably including its effect on the neural circuits of the visual pathway and cortex.METHODSWe used both resting state (RS) and stimulus-driven functional MRI and applied a novel analysis technique (Bayesian Connective Field Modelling) to investigate the intra-cortical functional connective organization of the early visual cortex of patients with POAG. Analogous to population receptive field modelling for stimulus-driven activity, our connective field approach models how the activity in one cortical area (e.g. V2) can be explained based on that of another (e.g. V1).RESULTSWe compared the CF parameters obtained for the early visual cortical areas in glaucoma to those of control participants. Our results show that in both RS and stimulus-driven conditions, CF sizes in early visual areas are smaller in glaucoma compared to control participants. To assess if these differences could be related to the ocular damage altering the visual input to the visual cortex, the control participants also observed the visual stimuli with a simulated scotoma (SS), designed to match the visual sensitivity of a participant affected by glaucoma as assessed using standard automated perimetry (SAP). In this condition, no differences in CF size were observed. Moreover, we found that CF size did not correlate with glaucoma severity, as assessed using both SAP and optical coherence tomography (OCT).CONCLUSIONThe observed differences in CF metrics may be the result of local reorganization or neurodegeneration of the early visual cortex that must have developed already at an early disease stage.
Regulation of the lncRNAmalat1/Egr1 Axis by Wnt, Notch and TGF-β signaling: A Key Mechanism in Retina Regeneration
Authors: Premraj Sharanya , Sharma Poonam , Chaudhary Mansi , Shukla Pooja , Yadav Kshitiz , Desai Omkar Mahadeo , Ramachandran Rajesh 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAdult zebrafish retinas rely on the resident Müller glia to maintain homeostasis and enable regeneration. Retina regeneration remains incomplete in mammals despite extensive efforts to emulate zebrafish regenerative conditions. Many studies have examined the reprogramming of zebrafish Müller glia cells, which is necessary for regeneration driven by regeneration-associated gene expression. Here, we show that the lncRNAmalat1, crucial for many biological functions, plays essential roles during retina regeneration. We demonstrate thatmalat1functions through an Egr-dependent axis, modulated by Wnt, Notch, and TGF-β signaling pathways, and is necessary for effective retina regeneration. Moreover, we uncover that the antisense lncRNAtalam1, which regulatesmalat1availability, is differentially regulated in zebrafish and mice, highlighting species-specific gene regulatory mechanisms after retinal injury. Cells with active TGF-β signaling stabilize Malat1 in mice while the same signaling destabilizesmalat1in zebrafish. Taken together, our work uncovers a new role for themalat1/Egr1 axis in necessitating retina regeneration, which may have important implications for differential regenerative ability in vertebrates.