bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The slow de‐implementation of non‐evidence‐based treatments in low back pain hospital care—Trends in treatments using Dutch hospital register data from 1991 to 2018
Authors: Coenen Pieter , de Wind Astrid , van de Ven Peter , de Maaker‐Berkhof Marianne , Koes Bart , Buchbinder Rachelle , Hartvigsen Jan , Anema Johannes (Han) R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundLow back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability worldwide and has an excessive societal burden. Accumulating evidence has shown that some medical approaches such as imaging in absence of clear indications, medication and some invasive treatments may contribute to the problem rather than alleviating it.ObjectivesTo determine the extent of de‐implementation of non‐evidence‐based hospital treatments for LBP care in the Netherlands in the last three decades.MethodsUsing a register‐based population‐level observational study with Dutch hospital data, providing a nearly complete coverage of hospital admissions in the Netherlands in 1991–2018, we assessed five frequently applied non‐evidence‐based hospital treatments for LBP. Time trends in treatment use (absolute and per 100,000 inhabitants) were plotted and analysed using Poisson regression.ResultsThe use of bed rest for non‐specific LBP and hernia nuclei pulposi, and discectomy for spinal stenosis decreased 91%, 81% and 86% since the availability of evidence/guidelines, respectively. De‐implementation, beyond 84%, was reached after 18 and 17 years for bed rest for non‐specific LBP and discectomy respectively, while it was not reached after 28 years for bed rest for hernia nuclei pulposi. For spinal fusion and invasive pain treatment, there was an initial increase followed by a reduction. Overall, these treatments reduced by 85% and 75%, respectively.ConclusionsIn the Netherlands, de‐implementation of five non‐recommended hospital LBP treatments, if at all, took several decades. Although de‐implementation was substantial, slow de‐implementation has likely resulted in considerable waste of resources and avoidable harm to many patients in Dutch hospitals.SignificanceMedically intensive approaches to low‐back pain care contribute to the high societal burden of this disease. There have been calls to avoid such care. Using Dutch hospital data, we showed that de‐implementation of five non‐recommended hospital low‐back pain treatments, if at all, took several decades (i.e. ≥17 years) after availability of evidence and guidelines. Slow de‐implementation has likely resulted in considerable waste of resources and avoidable harm to hospital patients; better ways for de‐implementation of non‐evidence‐based care are needed.
Board of director effectiveness and informal institutions: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Solarino Angelo M. , Boyd Brian K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryBoard independence is central to corporate governance. Numerous theories espouse the value of the monitoring and advice provided by outside board members, and governance codes worldwide call for boards with more independent directors and for separating the roles of chief executive officer and chairman. However, neither original studies nor meta‐analyses have found a substantial link between board independence and firm performance. We adopt an institutional logic perspective to argue that the relations between board independence and firm performance is moderated by the institutions of a country. Our analyses find that the strength of the informal institutions is a more important moderator than that of formal institutions. We employ country‐level institutional moderators and apply meta‐regression to a sample of 86 articles encompassing 40 nations. We offer suggestions for future governance research.Managerial SummaryBoard independence is widely considered to be a hallmark of good governance. However, prior research has been unable to connect independence with a firm's financial performance. We provide practical advice by demonstrating how national institutions shape the consequences of an independent board. Using a multi‐country sample, we show that the effectiveness of the corporate governance practices, such as board independence, depends on the strength of the local institutions and that the strength of the informal institutions is more important in explaining the effectiveness of the board than the strengths of the formal institutions. Stronger informal institutions strengthen the board independence‐ firm performance relationship. We discuss the implication of our findings.
School and electronic bullying among adolescents: Direct and indirect relationships with sadness, sleep, and suicide ideation
Authors: Sutter Claudia C. , Stickl Haugen Jaimie , Campbell Laurie O. , Tinstman Jones Jessica L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionBullying is an increasing concern for education, health, and policy. Adolescence is a particularly vulnerable period for the development of depressive symptoms and suicidality following exposure to bullying. However, limited research investigating the potential impact of depressive symptoms on the bullying‐suicide relationship exists.MethodsUsing national data (N = 13,677) from the most recent 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, the aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence among adolescents' (school/electronic) bullying victimization, depressive symptoms (sadness; sleep), and suicide ideation as well as their associations including direct and indirect relationships including exploring differences by gender and race/ethnicity.ResultsDescriptive results indicated an increase in the prevalence of adolescents being bullied (both on school property and electronically), experiencing feelings of sadness, and hopelessness as well as a decrease in getting more than 8 h of sleep between 2017 and 2019. In 2019, over one‐third of respondents felt sad or hopeless almost every day for 2 weeks or more in a row, which stopped them from doing some usual activities. Structural equation modeling indicated that (school/electronic) bullying was directly associated with feelings of sadness/hopelessness and suicide ideation, with sadness mediating the link between bullying and suicide ideation.ConclusionNow more than ever, it is critical to promote the collaboration between educators, mental health specialists, policymakers, and researchers to develop and implement evidence‐based strategies and approaches to preventing and reducing both bullying victimization and the associated psychological distress and mental health outcomes.
Triangle‐free graphs with large chromatic number and no induced wheel
Authors: Davies James 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA wheel is a graph consisting of an induced cycle of length at least four and a single additional vertex with at least three neighbours on the cycle. We prove that no Burling graph contains an induced wheel. Burling graphs are triangle‐free and have arbitrarily large chromatic number, so this answers a question of Trotignon and disproves a conjecture of Scott and Seymour.
良性の甲状腺腫瘍による気道狭窄で緊急気道確保を要した2症例(Acute airway obstruction due to a benign goiter in the cervical region: a report of two cases)
Authors: 加純 白﨑 , 颯真 宮本 , 正博 後藤 , 修太郎 磯川 , 亨 一二三 , 典生 大谷 
Published: November 2022

要旨　症例1は46歳の女性。来院当日突然の呼吸困難を自覚し救急要請した。救急隊接触時意識レベルがJCS 100であり，救急隊による補助換気を施行されながら当院へ搬送となった。CT検査にてびまん性に腫大する甲状腺が気管を圧排しており救急外来にてフェンタニルのみ使用し気管挿管，翌日甲状腺全摘術を施行し第6病日に軽快退院となった。症例2は88歳の女性。来院当日突然の呼吸困難を自覚し救急要請した。来院時嗄声とstridorが見られ，上気道狭窄を疑いフェンタニルのみ使用し気管挿管を行った。CT検査にて甲状腺左葉の嚢胞性病変内の出血が穿破し，前頸部血腫により気管が右に圧排されていた。甲状腺部分切除術を施行し第6病日に軽快退院となった。両症例ともに術後の病理診断は腺腫様甲状腺腫であった。良性腫瘍でも致死的な経過をたどる可能性があることを念頭に置き，診療にあたることが重要である。また，本症例のように頸部に巨大な甲状腺腫瘍が存在する場合には解剖学的に外科的気道確保の実施が困難であることが予想される。挿管困難となった場合に備えて，意識下気管挿管を試みるとともにECMOスタンバイ下での気道確保を考慮することが重要である。
A unique case of commensalism: The beaver beetle Platypsyllus castoris (Leiodidae, Coleoptera) and its morphological adaptations
Authors: Yavorskaya Margarita I. , Jałoszyński Paweł , Beutel Rolf G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPlatypsyllus castoris is closely associated with beavers and displays a unique set of structural specializations. We document the morphology of adults with modern techniques, and interpret evolutionary changes linked with the specific life style. The small subfamily Platypsyllinae has evolved an entire suite of features correlated with a more or less close association with mammals, for instance a flattened body, a dorsal cephalic shield, flightlessness, eye reduction, and depigmentation. Within this small group, Platypsyllus displays numerous autapomorphic features, correlated with a close association with the beaver. Essential is a combination of mechanical stabilization and firm anchorage on the host, and efficient forward movement in the fur. Exo‐ and endoskeletal structures of the head and thorax are reinforced by vertical cuticular columns and by an array of internal ridges. The antennae are shortened and strongly modified, the mandibles distinctly reduced and flattened, unsuitable for cutting, scraping or grinding. The musculature of the mouthparts is simplified, whereas an enhanced set of prepharyngeal and pharyngeal dilators forms an efficient sucking pump. The prothoracic musculature is strongly developed. In contrast, the pterothoracic muscle system is distinctly simplified, even though leg muscles are strongly developed. Using the legs, the flattened beetles move sideways through the dense fur of the beaver, using posteriorly directed groups of setae and ctenidia to prevent being pushed backwards by the densely arranged hairs. In contrast to the anterior body, the cuticle of the abdomen is thin, and the entire tagma flexible, with thin layers of segmental muscles. The hind gut is not connected with the mid gut. The beetles probably consume liquid, possibly with emulgated minute skin debris. As the morphology of the mouthparts excludes damage to the skin of the host, the association should not be addressed as ectoparasitic but as commensalism.
Effects of Hericium erinaceus Hedgehog mushroom on the endophytic microbial community of the host plant
Authors: Zhang Yizhe , Li Xinwei , Hu Anxin , Wang Landi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHedgehog mushroom is a Hericium erinaceus associated with fagaceae and pinaceae trees in the northern hemisphere. It is still unknown whether this symbiotic relationship will affect the endophytic microbial community of the host plants. In this study, the endophytic microbial communities of different Quercus aliena tissues (root, stem, and leaf) with or without H. erinaceus partner were analyzed by bar‐coded pyrosequencing. About 29,000 clean reads were obtained per sample representing 28 phyla of bacteria and 6 phyla of fungi. A total of 26,838 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of bacteria and 4323 OTUs of fungi were observed at a 97% similarity level. Three bacterial phyla, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes, and fungal phylum Ascomycota were dominant in all tissues. The relative abundance of these dominant communities showed significantly differences between Q. aliena tissues with or without H. erinaceus. Bacterial genus Pseudomonas and fungal genus Cryptosporiopsis were species‐rich in Q. aliena root infected by H. erinaceus hyphae. This study demonstrated that the endophytic microbial community structure and dominant species varied in Q. aliena mycorrhized with H. erinaceus.
Effectiveness of tacrolimus ointment for dupilumab‐resistant facial erythema
Authors: Fukumoto Takeshi , Nishigori Chikako 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSome patients treated with dupilumab for atopic dermatitis (AD) develop resistance on their face, despite achieving good response on other body parts. The pathomechanisms of dupilumab‐resistant facial erythema (DRFE) are unclear and its treatment is challenging. We report a case of DRFE resistant to topical corticosteroids and delgocitinib that was successfully treated with tacrolimus ointment. Tacrolimus ointment was not effective for his facial AD before dupilumab initiation but was effective for DRFE, suggesting that DRFE has a different pathomechanism from AD.
Reinforcement losses in soil stabilisation due to decomposing roots of Chrysopogon zizanioides and Chrysopogon nemoralis
Authors: Phan Trung Nghia , Leung Anthony Kwan , Kamchoom Viroon , Likitlersuang Suched 
Published: November 2022

AbstractQuantifying evolutions of the biomechanical properties and mechanical root reinforcement to soil with the duration of root decomposition is important to land management strategy and to soil stabilisation purposes. However, the variations of these properties of the roots of herbaceous species, especially following herbicide application in agriculture practices, have rarely been studied. This study aims to measure the effects of root decomposition due to herbicide on the root biomechanical properties and root reinforcement provided by two contrasting vetiver species (Chrysopogon nemoralis and Chrysopogon zizanioides). We applied herbicide (i.e., propanil) to four treatments of each species, considering four different durations of decomposition (7‐, 28‐, 56‐ and 112‐days since herbicide application). The biomechanical properties were measured by uniaxial tensile tests, whereas the root reinforcement to poorly graded sand (SP) was quantified by direct shear tests. Root decomposition significantly reduced mean root tensile strength, secant modulus and breakage strain of C. nemoralis and C. zizaniodes roots after 112 days since the herbicide application. Significant negative power correlations between root diameter and root strength (or root secant modulus) (R2 = 0.39–0.86; p‐value < 0.05) were identified. Root decomposition did not change the shape of these correlations, but they shifted downwards as roots decomposed. The root reinforcement also declined with the decomposition duration, in terms of root cohesion and maximum dilatancy within the study period. C. nemoralis displayed greater and quicker loss of both the root biomechanical properties and root reinforcement to soil than C. zizanioides.
Association between Inflammatory Factors, Vitamin D, Long Non‐Coding RNAs, MALAT1, and Adiponectin Antisense in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Rashidmayvan Mohammad , Khorasanchi Zahra , Nattagh‐Eshtivani Elyas , Esfehani Ali Jafarzadeh , Sahebi Reza , Sharifan Payam , Assadiyan‐sohan Parisa , Aghasizadeh Malihe , Avan Amir , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid , Ferns Gordon 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common clustering of cardiovascular risk factors associated with increased inflammation. Long non‐coding RNA (LncRNA) are involved in many of the body's metabolic activities, including inflammation. Vitamin D may play a vital role in preventing metabolic syndrome risk factors. This study aimed to evaluate the status of inflammation and expression of LncRNA and their relationship with serum vitamin D levels in patients with metabolic syndrome.MethodThis cross‐sectional study included staff and Mashhad University of Medical Sciences students between 30 and 50 years old who met the International Diabetes Federation criteria for Mets. Total RNA was extracted from both frozen clinical samples using the Trizol reagent.ResultsA total of eighty people were recruited into the two groups, with and without MetS. Inflammatory markers were higher in the individuals in the MetS group, and linear regression showed an inverse association between serum vitamin D and LncRNAs. There was a positive association between inflammatory biomarkers, lipid profiles and Adiponectin Antisense (APQ AS) expression.ConclusionAPQ AS and MALAT1 levels are positively associated with inflammatory biomarkers and inverse relation between MALAT1 and serum 25 (OH) D concentration.
Prognostic generalization of multi‐level CT‐dose fusion dosiomics from primary tumor and lymph node in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Cai Chunya , Lv Wenbing , Chi Feng , Zhang Bailin , Zhu Lin , Yang Geng , Zhao Shiwu , Zhu Yuanhu , Han Xu , Dai Zhenhui , Wang Xuetao , Lu Lijun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the prognostic performance of multi‐level computed tomography (CT)‐dose fusion dosiomics at the image‐, matrix‐, and feature‐levels from the gross tumor volume (GTV) at nasopharynx and the involved lymph node for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients.MethodsTwo hundred and nineteen NPC patients (175 vs. 44 for training vs. internal validation) were used to train prediction model, and 32 NPC patients were used for external validation. We first extracted CT and dose information from intratumoral nasopharynx (GTV_nx) and lymph node (GTV_nd) regions. Then, the corresponding peritumoral regions (RING_3 mm and RING_5 mm) were also considered. Thus, the individual and combination of intratumoral and peritumoral regions were as follows: GTV_nx, GTV_nd, RING_3 mm_nx, RING_3 mm_nd, RING_5 mm_nx, RING_5 mm_nd, GTV_nxnd, RING_3 mm_nxnd, RING_5 mm_nxnd, GTV + RING_3 mm_nxnd, and GTV + RING_5 mm_nxnd. For each region, 11 models were built by combining five clinical parameters and 127 features from: (1) dose images alone; (2–7) fused dose and CT images via wavelet‐based fusion using CT weights of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8, gradient transfer fusion, and guided‐filtering‐based fusion (GFF); (8) fused matrices (sumMat); (9–10) fused features derived via feature averaging (avgFea) and feature concatenation (conFea); and finally, (11) CT images alone. The concordance index (C‐index) and Kaplan–Meier curves with log‐rank test were used to assess model performance.ResultsThe fusion models’ performance was better than single CT/dose model on both internal and external validation. Models that combined the information from both GTV_nx and GTV_nd regions outperformed the single region model. For internal validation, GTV + RING_3 mm_nxnd GFF model achieved the highest C‐index both in recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and metastasis‐free survival (MFS) predictions (RFS: 0.822; MFS: 0.786). The highest C‐index in external validation set was achieved by RING_3 mm_nxnd model (RFS: 0.762; MFS: 0.719). The GTV + RING_3 mm_nxnd GFF model is able to significantly separate patients into high‐risk and low‐risk groups compared to dose‐only or CT‐only models.ConclusionFusion dosiomics model combining the primary tumor, the involved lymph node, and 3 mm peritumoral information outperformed single‐modality models for different outcome predictions, which is helpful for clinical decision‐making and the development of personalized treatment.
Polyuria in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms: Prevalence and etiology
Authors: Fisch George Z. , Fang Alexander H. , Miller Connelly D. , Choi Claire , Monaghan Thomas F. , Smith Edward F. , Prishtina Learta , Weiss Jeffrey P. , Blaivas Jerry G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionPatients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) can be subcategorized into polyuria, normal or oliguria groups. Polyuria may be caused by pathologies including diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes insipidus (DI), or primary polydipsia (PPD). While fluid restriction is appropriate for some, doing so in all may result in serious complications. This study investigates the prevalence of these pathologies in LUTS patients with polyuria.Materials and MethodsTwo databases were retrospectively queried for men and women who filled out a lower urinary tract symptom score (LUTSS) questionnaire, 24‐h bladder diary (24HBD) and were polyuric (>2.5 L/day). Patients were divided into four groups: poorly controlled DM, DI, an CKD grade 3 and PPD. One‐way analysis of variance compared 24HBD and LUTSS questionnaires. Pearson correlation examined LUTSS and bother with 24‐h voided volume (24 HVV), maximum voided volume (MVV) and total voids.ResultsAmong 814 patients who completed a 24HBD, 176 had polyuria (22%). Of the patients with complete data, 7.8% had poorly‐controlled DM, 3.1% had DI, 4.7% had CKD grade 3% and 84.4% had PPD. Amongst the four different sub‐groups, significant differences were seen in 24 HVV (p < 0.001), nocturnal urine volume (NUV) (p < 0.001), MVV (p = 0.003), daytime voids (p = 0.05), nocturnal polyuria index (NPi) (p < 0.001) and nocturia index (Ni) (p = 0.002). Significance was also seen between LUTSS and bother subscore (r = 0.68, p < 0.001), LUTSS and total voids (r = 0.29, p = 0.001) and bother sub‐score and total voids (r = 0.21, p = 0.019).Conclusions22% of patients with LUTS were found to have polyuria based on a 24HBD. Within this cohort, four sub‐populations were identified as being demonstrating statistically significant differences in 24 HVV, NUV, MVV, daytime voids, NPi and Ni. Identifying the underlying etiology of polyuria should be carried out to safely treat patients with LUTS.
Outcomes of liver transplantation in children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis: Experience from a quaternary care center
Authors: Menon Jagadeesh , Shanmugam Naresh , Valamparampil Joseph , Vij Mukul , Kumar Vimal , Munirathnam Deenadayalan , Hakeem Abdul , Rammohan Ashwin , Rela Mohamed 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare but important cause of end‐stage liver disease in children. Conventional chemotherapeutic agents that are otherwise the standard‐of‐care in LCH may be counterproductive in patients with hepatic decompensation. Furthermore, the precise role of liver transplantation (LT) in the management of LCH remains unclear.MethodsReview of a prospectively collected database (January 2014 to December 2020) of children with liver disease was performed. All clinical details of patients with LCH managed at our center were collected and data analyzed. Based on the outcomes, a management algorithm was proposed.ResultsOf the eight (five male) patients referred to our unit, six (75%) underwent LT (four and two for compensated and decompensated cirrhosis, respectively). Median age at diagnosis of LCH was 25 (range: 9–48) months. Two patients, who had previously completed LCH‐specific chemotherapy, underwent upfront LT for compensated cirrhosis. Other two patients with compensated cirrhosis showed evidence of active disease. They underwent LT following completion of chemotherapy. Two children with decompensated cirrhosis also had evidence of active disease and were started on modified chemotherapy Both of them had progression of liver disease while on chemotherapy. Hence, an urgent LT was performed which was followed by completion of chemotherapy in these patients. On a median follow‐up of 30.5 (10.5–50) months, all post‐LT patients were alive with stable graft function and showed no disease recurrence.ConclusionWe demonstrate that an algorithmic approach, along with newer chemotherapeutic agents, results in excellent outcomes in LCH patients with liver involvement. Larger multicentric studies on this rare disease are, however, needed to validate our findings.