bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of child diets in the association between pre-pregnancy diets and childhood behavioural problems: a mediation analysis
Authors: Gete Dereje G , Waller Michael , Mishra Gita D 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjective:To quantify the mediating role of childhood diets in the relationship between maternal diets prior to pregnancy and childhood behavioural disorders.Design:The Healthy Eating Index score was constructed using a semi-quantitative and validated 101-item FFQ. We assessed childhood behavioural disorders using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Three dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis to explore childhood dietary patterns (high fats and sugar; prudent diets; and diary). A causal inference framework for mediation analysis was used to quantify the mediating role of childhood diets in the association between pre-pregnancy diets and the risk of offspring behavioural problems.Setting:This is a national representative population-based survey which covers all Australian citizens and permanent residents in Australia.Participants:We included 1448 mother–child pairs from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health and its sub-study mothers and their children’s health.Results:We found a 20 % of the total effect of the poor adherence to pre-pregnancy diet quality on the risk of offspring behavioural problems was mediated through childhood high consumptions of fats and sugar. No clear mediating effect through prudent and diary childhood diets was observed.Conclusion:This study suggests that childhood high fats and sugar consumption may contribute to the total effects of the pre-pregnancy diets on the risk of childhood behavioural problems.
The Global Nature of Early‐Afternoon and Late‐Night Convection Through the Eyes of the A‐Train
Authors: Pilewskie J. A. , L’Ecuyer T. S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCharacterizing macrophysical properties of deep convective systems on a global scale is a precursor to understanding their influence on Earth's Energy Budget and Water Cycle. This study documents the properties of global convective objects (COs) in the early afternoon (1:30 p.m. local time; LT) and overnight (1:30 a.m. LT) measurements from the A‐Train satellite constellation. CloudSat measurements are used to identify convective cores and establish their intensity, while other A‐Train data sets define cloud structure, storm spatial extent, rainfall yield, and radiative effects of each CO. Global distributions of storm characteristics are consistent with previous studies in which the most intense convection is located over tropical land, particularly over the Amazon and Congo Basin, while the largest COs occur over the Maritime Continent. Despite their limited twice‐daily sampling, A‐Train measurements capture that early afternoon convection over tropical land is both more intense and produces heavier rainfall than nighttime land‐based convection, while the day‐night differences are minimal over the tropical ocean. High‐resolution estimates of updraft cores reveal that CO size increases as the number of distinct cores in a CO increases owing to an increase in nonconvective rain and anvil cloud area. Convective objects generally cool the environment, which is strongest over the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes, but cooling weakens as the nonconvective cloud fraction increases such that 30% of COs actually exert a net warming effect. These results suggest that A‐Train measurements may capture bulk connections between deep convective cloud features, precipitation, and radiative effects despite a lack of complete diurnal sampling.
Cost-effectiveness of digital therapeutics for essential hypertension
Authors: Nomura Akihiro , Tanigawa Tomoyuki , Kario Kazuomi , Igarashi Ataru 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHypertension increases the risk of cardiovascular and other diseases. Lifestyle modification is a significant component of nonpharmacological treatments for hypertension. We previously reported the clinical efficacy of digital therapeutics (DTx) in the HERB-DH1 trial. However, there is still a lack of cost-effectiveness assessments evaluating the impact of prescription DTx. This study aimed to analyze the cost-effectiveness of using prescription DTx in treating hypertension. We developed a monthly cycle Markov model and conducted Monte Carlo simulations using the HERB-DH1 trial data to investigate quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and the cost of DTx for hypertension plus guideline-based lifestyle modification consultation treatment as usual (TAU), comparing DTx + TAU and TAU-only groups with a lifetime horizon. The model inputs were obtained from the HERB-DH1 trial, published or publicly available data, and expert assumptions. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per QALY was used as the benchmark for cost-effectiveness. We performed probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSAs) using the Monte Carlo simulation with two million sets. The DTx + TAU strategy produced 18.778 QALYs and was associated with ¥3,924,075 ($34,122) expected costs, compared with 18.686 QALYs and ¥3,813,358 ($33,160) generated by the TAU-only strategy over a lifetime horizon, resulting in an ICER of ¥1,199,880 ($10,434)/QALY gained for DTx + TAU. The monthly cost and attrition rate of DTx for hypertension have a significant impact on ICERs. In the PSA, the probability of the DTx arm being a cost-effective option was 87.8% at a threshold value of ¥5 million ($43,478)/QALY gained. In conclusion, the DTx + TAU strategy was more cost-effective than the TAU-only strategy.
Multimodal deep learning for Alzheimer’s disease dementia assessment
Authors: Qiu Shangran , Miller Matthew I. , Joshi Prajakta S. , Lee Joyce C. , Xue Chonghua , Ni Yunruo , Wang Yuwei , De Anda-Duran Ileana , Hwang Phillip H. , Cramer Justin A. , Dwyer Brigid C. , Hao Honglin , Kaku Michelle C. , Kedar Sachin , Lee Peter H. , Mian Asim Z. , Murman Daniel L. , O’Shea Sarah , Paul Aaron B. , Saint-Hilaire Marie-Helene , Alton Sartor E. , Saxena Aneeta R. , Shih Ludy C. , Small Juan E. , Smith Maximilian J. , Swaminathan Arun , Takahashi Courtney E. , Taraschenko Olga , You Hui , Yuan Jing , Zhou Yan , Zhu Shuhan , Alosco Michael L. , Mez Jesse , Stein Thor D. , Poston Kathleen L. , Au Rhoda , Kolachalama Vijaya B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWorldwide, there are nearly 10 million new cases of dementia annually, of which Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common. New measures are needed to improve the diagnosis of individuals with cognitive impairment due to various etiologies. Here, we report a deep learning framework that accomplishes multiple diagnostic steps in successive fashion to identify persons with normal cognition (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), AD, and non-AD dementias (nADD). We demonstrate a range of models capable of accepting flexible combinations of routinely collected clinical information, including demographics, medical history, neuropsychological testing, neuroimaging, and functional assessments. We then show that these frameworks compare favorably with the diagnostic accuracy of practicing neurologists and neuroradiologists. Lastly, we apply interpretability methods in computer vision to show that disease-specific patterns detected by our models track distinct patterns of degenerative changes throughout the brain and correspond closely with the presence of neuropathological lesions on autopsy. Our work demonstrates methodologies for validating computational predictions with established standards of medical diagnosis.
Revealing the human mucinome
Authors: Malaker Stacy A. , Riley Nicholas M. , Shon D. Judy , Pedram Kayvon , Krishnan Venkatesh , Dorigo Oliver , Bertozzi Carolyn R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMucin domains are densely O-glycosylated modular protein domains found in various extracellular and transmembrane proteins. Mucin-domain glycoproteins play important roles in many human diseases, such as cancer and cystic fibrosis, but the scope of the mucinome remains poorly defined. Recently, we characterized a bacterial O-glycoprotease, StcE, and demonstrated that an inactive point mutant retains binding selectivity for mucin-domain glycoproteins. In this work, we leverage inactive StcE to selectively enrich and identify mucin-domain glycoproteins from complex samples like cell lysate and crude ovarian cancer patient ascites fluid. Our enrichment strategy is further aided by an algorithm to assign confidence to mucin-domain glycoprotein identifications. This mucinomics platform facilitates detection of hundreds of glycopeptides from mucin domains and highly overlapping populations of mucin-domain glycoproteins from ovarian cancer patients. Ultimately, we demonstrate our mucinomics approach can reveal key molecular signatures of cancer from in vitro and ex vivo sources.
Augmented ultrasonography with implanted CMOS electronic motes
Authors: Zhang Yihan , Muthuraman Prashant , Andino-Pavlovsky Victoria , Uguz Ilke , Elloian Jeffrey , Shepard Kenneth L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractModern clinical practice benefits significantly from imaging technologies and much effort is directed toward making this imaging more informative through the addition of contrast agents or reporters. Here, we report the design of a battery-less integrated circuit mote acting as an electronic reporter during medical ultrasound imaging. When implanted within the field-of-view of a brightness-mode (B-mode) ultrasound imager, this mote transmits information from its location through backscattered acoustic energy which is captured within the ultrasound image itself. We prototype and characterize the operation of such motes in vitro and in vivo. Performing with a static power consumption of less than 57 pW, the motes operate at duty cycles for receiving acoustic energy as low as 50 ppm. Motes within the same field-of-view during imaging have demonstrated signal-to-noise ratios of more than 19.1 dB at depths of up to 40 mm in lossy phantom. Physiological information acquired through such motes, which is beyond what is measurable with endogenous ultrasound backscatter and which is biogeographically located within an image, has the potential to provide an augmented ultrasonography.
Current-induced self-switching of perpendicular magnetization in CoPt single layer
Authors: Liu Liang , Zhou Chenghang , Zhao Tieyang , Yao Bingqing , Zhou Jing , Shu Xinyu , Chen Shaohai , Shi Shu , Xi Shibo , Lan Da , Lin Weinan , Xie Qidong , Ren Lizhu , Luo Zhaoyang , Sun Chao , Yang Ping , Guo Er-Jia , Dong Zhili , Manchon Aurelien , Chen Jingsheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAll-electric switching of perpendicular magnetization is a prerequisite for the integration of fast, high-density, and low-power magnetic memories and magnetic logic devices into electric circuits. To date, the field-free spin-orbit torque (SOT) switching of perpendicular magnetization has been observed in SOT bilayer and trilayer systems through various asymmetric designs, which mainly aim to break the mirror symmetry. Here, we report that the perpendicular magnetization of CoxPt100-x single layers within a special composition range (20 < x < 56) can be deterministically switched by electrical current in the absence of external magnetic field. Specifically, the Co30Pt70 shows the largest out-of-plane effective field efficiency and best switching performance. We demonstrate that this unique property arises from the cooperation of two structural mechanisms: the low crystal symmetry property at the Co platelet/Pt interfaces and the composition gradient along the thickness direction. Compared with that in bilayers or trilayers, the field-free switching in CoxPt100-x single layer greatly simplifies the SOT structure and avoids additional asymmetric designs.
Satellite repeat transcripts modulate heterochromatin condensates and safeguard chromosome stability in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Novo Clara Lopes , Wong Emily V. , Hockings Colin , Poudel Chetan , Sheekey Eleanor , Wiese Meike , Okkenhaug Hanneke , Boulton Simon J. , Basu Srinjan , Walker Simon , Kaminski Schierle Gabriele S. , Narlikar Geeta J. , Rugg-Gunn Peter J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHeterochromatin maintains genome integrity and function, and is organised into distinct nuclear domains. Some of these domains are proposed to form by phase separation through the accumulation of HP1ɑ. Mouse heterochromatin contains noncoding major satellite repeats (MSR), which are highly transcribed in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Here, we report that MSR transcripts can drive the formation of HP1ɑ droplets in vitro, and modulate heterochromatin into dynamic condensates in ESCs, contributing to the formation of large nuclear domains that are characteristic of pluripotent cells. Depleting MSR transcripts causes heterochromatin to transition into a more compact and static state. Unexpectedly, changing heterochromatin’s biophysical properties has severe consequences for ESCs, including chromosome instability and mitotic defects. These findings uncover an essential role for MSR transcripts in modulating the organisation and properties of heterochromatin to preserve genome stability. They also provide insights into the processes that could regulate phase separation and the functional consequences of disrupting the properties of heterochromatin condensates.
Inhibition of negative feedback for persistent epithelial cell–cell junction contraction by p21-activated kinase 3
Authors: Uechi Hiroyuki , Fukushima Kazuki , Shirasawa Ryota , Sekine Sayaka , Kuranaga Erina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractActin-mediated mechanical forces are central drivers of cellular dynamics. They generate protrusive and contractile dynamics, the latter of which are induced in concert with myosin II bundled at the site of contraction. These dynamics emerge concomitantly in tissues and even each cell; thus, the tight regulation of such bidirectional forces is important for proper cellular deformation. Here, we show that contractile dynamics can eventually disturb cell–cell junction contraction in the absence of p21-activated kinase 3 (Pak3). Upon Pak3 depletion, contractility induces the formation of abnormal actin protrusions at the shortening junctions, which causes decrease in E-cadherin levels at the adherens junctions and mislocalization of myosin II at the junctions before they enough shorten, compromising completion of junction shortening. Overexpressing E-cadherin restores myosin II distribution closely placed at the junctions and junction contraction. Our results suggest that contractility both induces and perturbs junction contraction and that the attenuation of such perturbations by Pak3 facilitates persistent junction shortening.
Wearable battery-free theranostic dental patch for wireless intraoral sensing and drug delivery
Authors: Shi Zhenghan , Lu Yanli , Shen Shuying , Xu Yi , Shu Chang , Wu Yue , Lv Jingjiang , Li Xin , Yan Zupeng , An Zijian , Dai Chaobo , Su Lingkai , Zhang Fenni , Liu Qingjun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDental caries caused by oral microbiome dysbiosis with the elevation of acidogenic bacteria is the most prevalent non-communicable disease worldwide. Early prevention and timely fluoride treatment are crucial for caries lesion management. Herein, to address the challenges of in situ sensing and topical drug delivery within the oral cavity, a miniaturized, battery-free, and wearable dental patch system was developed for microenvironment monitoring and controlled fluoride treatment. With the integration of near-field communication, the dental patch realizes wireless energy harvesting and data transmission with mobile terminals like smartphones when attached conformally to the tooth surface. The acidic microenvironment caused by bacterial metabolism are electrochemically detected, while fluorides can be delivered locally from the electric-responsive drug delivery electrode for on-demand treatment. As flexible electronics armed to the teeth, this intraoral theranostic wearable system provides an inspiring platform for point-of-care monitoring and treatment of dental caries and oral diseases.
Hyaluronic acid–GPRC5C signalling promotes dormancy in haematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Zhang Yu Wei , Mess Julian , Aizarani Nadim , Mishra Pankaj , Johnson Carys , Romero-Mulero Mari Carmen , Rettkowski Jasmin , Schönberger Katharina , Obier Nadine , Jäcklein Karin , Woessner Nadine M. , Lalioti Maria-Eleni , Velasco-Hernandez Talia , Sikora Katarzyna , Wäsch Ralph , Lehnertz Bernhard , Sauvageau Guy , Manke Thomas , Menendez Pablo , Walter Sebastian Gottfried , Minguet Susana , Laurenti Elisa , Günther Stefan , Grün Dominic , Cabezas-Wallscheid Nina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBone marrow haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are vital for lifelong maintenance of healthy haematopoiesis. In inbred mice housed in gnotobiotic facilities, the top of the haematopoietic hierarchy is occupied by dormant HSCs, which reversibly exit quiescence during stress. Whether HSC dormancy exists in humans remains debatable. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we show a continuous landscape of highly purified human bone marrow HSCs displaying varying degrees of dormancy. We identify the orphan receptor GPRC5C, which enriches for dormant human HSCs. GPRC5C is also essential for HSC function, as demonstrated by genetic loss- and gain-of-function analyses. Through structural modelling and biochemical assays, we show that hyaluronic acid, a bone marrow extracellular matrix component, preserves dormancy through GPRC5C. We identify the hyaluronic acid–GPRC5C signalling axis controlling the state of dormancy in mouse and human HSCs.
Scanning near-field optical spectroscopy and carrier transport based analysis in mesoscopic regions for two-dimensional semiconductors
Authors: Sakurai Anri , Iwamoto Kohei , Miwa Yoshihiko , Hori Hirokazu , Ishikawa Akira , Uchiyama Kazuharu , Kobayashi Kiyoshi , Kishino Katsumi , Sakai Masaru 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe measurements of photoexcited transport in mesoscopic regimes reveal the states and properties of mesoscopic systems. In this study, we focused on direct measurements of electromagnetic energy transports in the mesoscopic regions and constructed a scanning tunnelling microscope-assisted multi-probe scanning near-field optical microscope spectroscopy system. After producing an emission energy map through a single-probe measurement, two-probe measurement enables us to observe and analyse carrier transport characteristics. It suggests that exciton generation and transport in the mesoscopic region of semiconductors with quantum structure changes, such as the bias of dopant, affect the excited carrier emission recombination process. The measured probability density of the carrier transported with quantum effects can be used for applications in natural intelligence research by combining it with the analysis using tournament structures. Our developed measurement and analysis methods are expected to clarify the details of carrier's behaviour in the mesoscopic region in various materials and lead to applications for novel optoelectronic devices.
Establishment of well-differentiated camelid airway cultures to study Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
Authors: Gultom Mitra , Kratzel Annika , Portmann Jasmine , Stalder Hanspeter , Chanfon Bätzner Astrid , Gantenbein Hans , Gurtner Corinne , Ebert Nadine , Gad Hans Henrik , Hartmann Rune , Posthaus Horst , Zanolari Patrik , Pfaender Stephanie , Thiel Volker , Dijkman Ronald 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn 2012, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in Saudi Arabia and was mostly associated with severe respiratory illness in humans. Dromedary camels are the zoonotic reservoir for MERS-CoV. To investigate the biology of MERS-CoV in camelids, we developed a well-differentiated airway epithelial cell (AEC) culture model for Llama glama and Camelus bactrianus. Histological characterization revealed progressive epithelial cellular differentiation with well-resemblance to autologous ex vivo tissues. We demonstrate that MERS-CoV displays a divergent cell tropism and replication kinetics profile in both AEC models. Furthermore, we observed that in the camelid AEC models MERS-CoV replication can be inhibited by both type I and III interferons (IFNs). In conclusion, we successfully established camelid AEC cultures that recapitulate the in vivo airway epithelium and reflect MERS-CoV infection in vivo. In combination with human AEC cultures, this system allows detailed characterization of the molecular basis of MERS-CoV cross-species transmission in respiratory epithelium.
Fixation instability, astigmatism, and lack of stereopsis as factors impeding recovery of binocular balance in amblyopia following binocular therapy
Authors: Bankó Éva M. , Barboni Mirella Telles Salgueiro , Markó Katalin , Körtvélyes Judit , Németh János , Nagy Zoltán Zs. , Vidnyánszky Zoltán 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDichoptic therapy is a promising method for improving vision in pediatric and adult patients with amblyopia. However, a systematic understanding about changes in specific visual functions and substantial variation of effect among patients is lacking. Utilizing a novel stereoscopic augmented-reality based training program, 24 pediatric and 18 adult patients were trained for 20 h along a three-month time course with a one-month post-training follow-up for pediatric patients. Changes in stereopsis, distance and near visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity for amblyopic and fellow eyes were measured, and interocular differences were analyzed. To reveal what contributes to successful dichoptic therapy, ANCOVA models were used to analyze progress, considering clinical baseline parameters as covariates that are potential requirements for amblyopic recovery. Significant and lasting improvements have been achieved in stereoacuity, interocular near visual acuity, and interocular contrast sensitivity. Importantly, astigmatism, fixation instability, and lack of stereopsis were major limiting factors for visual acuity, stereoacuity, and contrast sensitivity recovery, respectively. The results demonstrate the feasibility of treatment-efficacy prediction in certain aspects of dichoptic amblyopia therapy. Furthermore, our findings may aid in developing personalized therapeutic protocols, capable of considering individual clinical status, to help clinicians in tailoring therapy to patient profiles for better outcome.