bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bias‐adjustment of high‐resolution temperature CORDEX data over the Carpathian region: Expected changes including the number of summer and frost days
Authors: Torma Csaba Zsolt , Kis Anna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractClimate model simulations' outputs are prone to biases compared to observations; furthermore, climate projections can be very different in modelling future temperature characteristics. One possible solution for reducing uncertainty and eliminating possible systematic errors within climate projections is the bias‐adjustment of the raw climate model data. We used the quantile mapping method for bias‐adjustment of a mini ensemble consisting of 8‐member high‐resolution (0.11°) regional climate model simulations provided by the CORDEX community. As the method requires a reliable observational dataset serving as reference data, we used the quality controlled and homogenized observational dataset: CARPATCLIM. Quantile mapping bias‐adjustment technique was applied on the following variables: daily mean, minimum and maximum temperature. We analysed changes in mean temperature characteristics and of climate indices for future periods of 2021–2050 and 2070–2099 with respect to the reference period 1976–2005 for the Carpathian Region. The selected climate indices are based on minimum (frost days, FD) and maximum daily temperature data (summer days, SU). Our bias‐adjusted RCM results suggest a similar degree of mean temperature change as the raw RCMs' data. Bias‐adjusted and raw RCM data project a remarkable annual temperature increase on average under the RCP8.5 scenario (1.4°C and 3.9°C by 2021–2050 and 2070–2099, respectively). The highest temperature increase is likely to occur in summer: it is 4.3°C on average by the end of the 21st century. More pronounced differences were found for the projected changes of the number of summer and frost days based on the bias‐adjusted and the raw RCM data. Our results draw attention to the fact that bias‐adjusted RCM data are crucial for the provision of regional climate change impact and adaptation studies for the Carpathian Region.
Gamut rings of reflective ePaper displays with combined frontlight and ambient illumination
Authors: Hertel Dirk , Bouchard Alain , Kruse Ryan , Penczek John 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGamut rings are two‐dimensional representations of three‐dimensional CIELAB color gamut volumes. Recently developed for visualizing gamut volumes of self‐luminant (emissive) displays in darkroom conditions, they can also be applied to reflective displays with integrated frontlighting. Frontlights provide illumination in low light conditions and also compensate for optical losses when reflecting ambient light. Since the frontlight is essentially fixed compared to the ambient illumination, this mode of operation is effectively “emissive.” Perceived CIELAB colors of reflective displays with frontlights can thus be treated as superposition of the spectral radiance from the “emissive” contribution and the reflected spectral radiance from ambient illumination. The CIELAB calculation will depend on whether the “emissive” or reflective mode is dominant for a given ambient illumination. CIELAB gamut ring diagrams of electrophoretic color ePaper were determined from laboratory measurements of the displays' “emissive” and reflective spectral characteristics, combined with specifications of realistic ambient indoor and outdoor viewing environments. Gamut ring diagrams demonstrate the benefit of color pigments instead of color filter arrays in both self‐luminant and reflective display modes. Interpolation of envelope colors from display primaries, commonly used in emissive displays, underestimate gamut volumes of color ePaper because reflective display primaries are not additive but subtractive.
Investigation of Effects of Electrospinning Parameters on Transcription Quality of Nanofibrous Bifurcated‐Tubular Scaffold
Authors: Eom Seongsu , Jo Junheui , Kim Dong Sung 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA parametric sensitivity study to improve the transcription quality of the nanofibrous bifurcated‐tubular scaffold is performed to resolve the limited transcription quality issue in fabricating the scaffold based on hydrogel‐assisted electrospinning (GelES). To characterize the transcription quality of the fabricated 3D nanofibrous bifurcated‐tubular scaffold structure, two different measures of a coverage ratio (CR) and a corner profile fidelity (FC) are evaluated. Results of sensitivity analysis on CR, in which the design of experiments is based on the Taguchi method, revealed that the CR increases with decreasing tip‐to‐collector distance (TCD) and polycaprolactone concentration (CPCL). Moreover, among the processing parameters, namely, TCD, CPCL, and applied voltage (VA), the TCD is found to be the dominantly affecting processing parameter. Parametric study results show that FC increases with the branching angle (θB). By combining the optimal processing condition and a maximum θB of 120°, a leakage‐free 3D nanofibrous bifurcated‐tubular scaffold with a sharp carina is fabricated by the GelES.
Shape shifting: The multiple conformational substates of the PTEN N‐terminal PIP2‐binding domain
Authors: Dawson Jennifer E. , Smith Iris Nira , Martin William , Khan Krishnendu , Cheng Feixiong , Eng Charis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Phosphatase and TENsin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a chief regulator of a variety of cellular processes including cell proliferation, migration, growth, and death. It is also a major tumor suppressor gene that is frequently mutated or lost under cancerous conditions. PTEN encodes a dual‐specificity (lipid and protein) phosphatase that negatively regulates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway where the PIP2‐binding domain (PBD) regulates the lipid phosphatase function. Unfortunately, despite two decades of research, a full‐length structure of PTEN remains elusive, leaving open questions regarding PTEN's disordered regions that mediate protein stability, post‐translational modifications, protein–protein interactions, while also hindering the design of small molecules that can regulate PTEN's function. Here, we utilized a combination of crosslinking mass spectrometry, in silico predicted structural modeling (including AlphaFold2), molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and residue interaction network modeling to obtain structural details and molecular insight into the behavior of the PBD of PTEN. Our study shows that the PBD exists in multiple conformations which suggests its ability to regulate PTEN's variety of functions. Studying how these specific conformational substates contribute to PTEN function is imperative to defining its function in disease pathogenesis, and to delineate ways to modulate its tumor suppressor activity.
Allostery‐driven changes in dynamics regulate the activation of bacterial copper transcription factor
Authors: Yakobov Idan , Mandato Alysia , Hofmann Lukas , Singewald Kevin , Shenberger Yulia , Gevorkyan‐Airapetov Lada , Saxena Sunil , Ruthstein Sharon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMetalloregulators bind and respond to metal ions by regulating the transcription of metal homeostasis genes. Copper efflux regulator (CueR) is a copper‐responsive metalloregulator that is found in numerous Gram‐negative bacteria. Upon Cu(I) coordination, CueR initiates transcription by bending the bound DNA promoter regions facilitating interaction with RNA polymerase. The structure of Escherichia coli CueR in presence of DNA and metal ion has been reported using X‐ray crystallography and cryo‐EM, providing information about the mechanism of action. However, the specific role of copper in controlling this transcription mechanism remains elusive. Herein, we use room temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments to follow allosterically driven dynamical changes in E. coli CueR induced by Cu(I) binding. We suggest that more than one Cu(I) ion binds per CueR monomer, leading to changes in site‐specific dynamics at the Cu(I) binding domain and at the distant DNA binding site. Interestingly, Cu(I) binding leads to an increase in dynamics about 27 Å away at the DNA binding domain. These changes in the dynamics of the DNA binding domain are important for exact coordination with the DNA. Thus, Cu(I) binding is critical to initiate a series of conformational changes that regulate and initiate gene transcription.Broad audience statementThe dynamics of metal transcription factors as a function of metal and DNA binding are complex. In this study, we use EPR spectroscopy to measure dynamical changes of Escherichia coli CueR as a function of copper and DNA binding. We show that copper controls the activation of the transcription processes by initiation a series of dynamical changes over the protein.
The effect of Nigella sativa oil on vascular dysfunction assessed by flow‐mediated dilation and vascular‐related biomarkers in subject with cardiovascular disease risk factors: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Emamat Hadi , Mousavi Seyyed Hossein , Kargar Shouraki Jalal , Hazrati Ebrahim , Mirghazanfari Sayid Mahdi , Samizadeh Esmaeil , Hosseini Maryam , Hadi Vahid , Hadi Saeid 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) is a marker of vascular function. Beneficial cardiometabolic effects of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) have been observed. We evaluated the effect of N. sativa oil on FMD, plasma nitrite, and nitrate (NOx) as nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, and inflammatory markers in subjects with CVD risk factors. Fifty participants were randomly assigned to either the N. sativa (two capsules of 500 mg N. sativa oil) or the placebo group (two capsules of 500 mg mineral oil), for 2 months. The brachial FMD, plasma NOx, vascular cellular adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1), and intracellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) were measured. FMD and plasma NOx levels was significantly increased in the N. sativa group compared to the placebo group (changes: 2.97 ± 2.11% vs. 0.71 ± 3.19%, p < 0.001 for FMD and 4.73 ± 7.25 μmol/L vs. 0.99 ± 5.37 μmol/L, p = 0.036 for plasma NOx). However, there was no significant difference in ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 levels between groups. Therefore, N. sativa oil improves vascular NO and FMD in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors. However, more studies are warranted to confirm the beneficial impacts of the N. sativa oil on vascular inflammation.
Impacts of an extreme flood event on the riparian vegetation of a monsoonal cobble‐bed stream in southern Korea: A multiscale fluvial biogeomorphic framework
Authors: Lee Cheolho , Lee Keonhak , Kim Hwirae , Baek Donghae , Kim Won , Woo Hyoseop , Cho Kang‐Hyun , Kim Daehyun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith climate change increasing the magnitude and frequency of extreme precipitation events, there is a growing demand for investigations on the impacts of extreme flooding on the hydrological characteristics and vegetation of rivers, particularly in monsoonal areas. In this study, we examined multiscale relationships between hydrology, vegetation, and geomorphology after a record‐breaking flood event along the Seomjin River of South Korea in the summer of 2020. We conducted numerical modeling at the broad scale to identify the flow characteristics (e.g., depth and shear stress) of the flood event. A field survey was performed to investigate the impact of the flood on individual plants at the fine scale. The results showed widespread devastation of all vegetation types, from reed and willow communities to large, late‐successional trees taller than 10 m, which typically survive under ordinary flooding conditions. A higher threshold of shear stress was estimated for these trees (124 N m−2) than for willow (120 N m−2) and reed plants (26 N m−2), indicating that a greater level of stress is required to cause vegetation damage as ecological succession progresses. In the presence of vegetation, the average water depth increased by 9%–23% compared to the absence of vegetation. Many rivers in northeast Asia have undergone substantial vegetation expansion and succession due to the infrequency of extreme flood events. Our findings indicate that dense communities of large plants in these systems can raise the maximum water levels of flood events, thereby increasing the future flood risk to surrounding areas utilized for agriculture, transportation, industry, and housing.
Symplectic Elastic Solution of Multi-layer Thick-Walled Cylinder Under Different Interlayer Constraints
Authors: Jiang Zhongyu , Zhang Yajun , Liu Huaqing , Li Xuanxuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMulti-layer thick-walled cylinder is a common supporting structure in engineering, which is widely used in various engineering fields. Considering the complex boundary conditions and the different interlayer constraints, it is difficult to solve the theoretical solution of multi-layer thick walled cylinder. In this paper, the general solution expressions of displacement and stress of multi-layer thick-walled cylinder are derived in Hamiltonian mechanics system. The complex boundary conditions are transformed into the form of algebraic sum by Fourier series expansion, and the complex boundary problems are solved by superimposing the special solutions of each order expansion term. At the same time, according to the characteristics of different interlayer constraints, the corresponding conditions of interlayer continuous smooth are proposed. Combined with the boundary conditions of thick-walled cylinder, the linear equations with undetermined coefficients are established. By solving the equations, the mechanical problems of multi-layer thick-walled cylinder are finally solved. By comparing the mechanical responses of multi-layer thick-walled cylinder under different constraint conditions, it is concluded that the overall mechanical performance of the tight interlayer connection is better, and the circumfluence stress component is more prominent than other stress components. Finally, the influence of lateral pressure coefficient and elastic modulus ratio on the circumferential stress of multi-layer thick-walled cylinder is discussed. These research results provide the necessary theoretical basis for solving the mechanical problems of multi-layer thick-walled cylinders.
Lattice black branes at large D
Authors: Licht David , Luna Raimon , Suzuki Ryotaku 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We explore the phase space of non-uniform black branes compactified on oblique lattices with a large number of dimensions. We find the phase diagrams for different periodicities and angles, and determine the thermodynamically preferred phases for each lattice configuration. In a range of angles, we observe that some phases become metastable.
Nuclear ranges in implicative semilattices
Authors: Erné Marcel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA nucleus on a meet-semilatticeAis a closure operation that preserves binary meets. The nuclei form a semilattice$$\mathrm{N }A$$NAthat is isomorphic to the system$${\mathcal {N}}A$$NAof all nuclear ranges, ordered by dual inclusion. The nuclear ranges are those closure ranges which are total subalgebras (l-ideals). Nuclei have been studied intensively in the case of complete Heyting algebras. We extend, as far as possible, results on nuclei and their ranges to the non-complete setting of implicative semilattices (whose unary meet translations have adjoints). A central tool are so-called r-morphisms, that is, residuated semilattice homomorphisms, and their adjoints, the l-morphisms. Such morphisms transport nuclear ranges and preserve implicativity. Certain completeness properties are necessary and sufficient for the existence of a least nucleus above a prenucleus or of a greatest nucleus below a weak nucleus. As in pointfree topology, of great importance for structural investigations are three specific kinds of l-ideals, called basic open, boolean and basic closed.
Edge Distribution of Thinned Real Eigenvalues in the Real Ginibre Ensemble
Authors: Baik Jinho , Bothner Thomas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the explicit computation of the limiting distribution function of the largest real eigenvalue in the real Ginibre ensemble when each real eigenvalue has been removed independently with constant likelihood. We show that the recently discovered integrable structures in [2] generalize from the real Ginibre ensemble to its thinned equivalent. Concretely, we express the aforementioned limiting distribution function as a convex combination of two simple Fredholm determinants and connect the same function to the inverse scattering theory of the Zakharov–Shabat system. As corollaries, we provide a Zakharov–Shabat evaluation of the ensemble’s real eigenvalue generating function and obtain precise control over the limiting distribution function’s tails. The latter part includes the explicit computation of the usually difficult constant factors.
The effectiveness of portable ultrasound-guided resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta for stopping iliac artery hemorrhage during first aid pre-hospital: a randomized control animal trial
Authors: Huang Yuqing , Kou Haiyan , Kong Yuhao , Shan Xuexia , Wu Shengzheng , Chen Xianghui , Lin Xingxi , Zhang Liye , Lv Faqin , Li Zhihui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed at to comparing the effectiveness of portable ultrasound guided REBOA vs. traditional manual extracorporeal compression in stopping iliac artery hemostasis.MethodsTwelve swine were included in this study (treatment group vs. control group, 6:6). A biopsy device was used to create an iliac artery rupture and hemorrhage in each swine. After 30 s of bleeding, the treatment group received REBOA under the guidance of ultrasound, whereas the control group received traditional manual extracorporeal compression. General physiological conditions were recorded at 0 s (baseline, T1), 30 s (initiation of therapies to stop bleeding, T2), 10 min (T3) and 30 min (T4) after bleeding. Intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal hemorrhage and specimens of iliac artery were collected after all swine were euthanized.ResultsOne swine was excluded because of accidental death not related to the experiment; thus, 11 swine were analyzed in this study. The general physiological characteristics of the two groups showed no difference at T1. Hemorrhagic shock occurred in both groups. After the hemostatic procedure was performed, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and heart rate first increased significantly between T2 and T3, and then became stable between T3 and T4; these indicators in the control group deteriorated over time. The total blood loss in the treatment group (1245.23 ± 190.07 g) was much significantly less than that in the control group (2605.63 ± 291.67 g) withp < 0.001.ConclusionsPerforming REBOA under the guidance of portable ultrasound is an effective way to stop bleeding. It suggests a potential alternative method for iliac artery hemostasis in the pre-hospital setting.
Aerostructural topology optimization using high fidelity modeling
Authors: Gomes Pedro , Palacios Rafael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe investigate the use of density-based topology optimization for the aeroelastic design of very flexible wings. This is achieved with a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes finite volume solver, coupled to a geometrically nonlinear finite element structural solver, to simulate the large-displacement fluid-structure interaction. A gradient-based approach is used with derivatives obtained via a coupled adjoint solver based on algorithmic differentiation. In the example problem, the optimization uses strong coupling effects and the internal topology of the wing to allow mass reduction while maintaining the lift. We also propose a method to accelerate the convergence of the optimization to discrete topologies, which partially mitigates the computational expense of high-fidelity modeling approaches.
Kac’s Process with Hard Potentials and a Moderate Angular Singularity
Authors: Heydecker Daniel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe investigate Kac’s many-particle stochastic model of gas dynamics in the case of hard potentials with a moderate angular singularity, and show that the noncutoff particle system can be obtained as the limit of cutoff systems, with a rate independent of the number of particles N. As consequences, we obtain a wellposedness result for the corresponding Boltzmann equation and propagation of chaos in the many-particle limit $$N\rightarrow \infty $$

N
→
∞

.
Living on the edge: environmental variability of a shallow late Holocene cold-water coral mound
Authors: Raddatz Jacek , Liebetrau Volker , Rüggeberg Andres , Foubert Anneleen , Flögel Sascha , Nürnberg Dirk , Hissmann Karen , Musiol Johannes , Goepfert Tyler Jay , Eisenhauer Anton , Dullo Wolf-Christian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSimilar to their tropical counterparts, cold-water corals (CWCs) are able to build large three-dimensional reef structures. These unique ecosystems are at risk due to ongoing climate change. In particular, ocean warming, ocean acidification and changes in the hydrological cycle may jeopardize the existence of CWCs. In order to predict how CWCs and their reefs or mounds will develop in the near future one important strategy is to study past fossil CWC mounds and especially shallow CWC ecosystems as they experience a greater environmental variability compared to other deep-water CWC ecosystems. We present results from a CWC mound off southern Norway. A sediment core drilled from this relatively shallow (~ 100 m) CWC mound exposes in full detail hydrographical changes during the late Holocene, which were crucial for mound build-up. We applied computed tomography, 230Th/U dating, and foraminiferal geochemical proxy reconstructions of bottom-water-temperature (Mg/Ca-based BWT), δ18O for seawater density, and the combination of both to infer salinity changes. Our results demonstrate that the CWC mound formed in the late Holocene between 4 kiloannum (ka) and 1.5 ka with an average aggradation rate of 104 cm/kiloyears (kyr), which is significantly lower than other Holocene Norwegian mounds. The reconstructed BWTMg/Ca and seawater density exhibit large variations throughout the entire period of mound formation, but are strikingly similar to modern in situ observations in the nearby Tisler Reef. We argue that BWT does not exert a primary control on CWC mound formation. Instead, strong salinity and seawater density variation throughout the entire mound sequence appears to be controlled by the interplay between the Atlantic Water (AW) inflow and the overlying, outflowing Baltic-Sea water. CWC growth and mound formation in the NE Skagerrak was supported by strong current flow, oxygen replenishment, the presence of a strong boundary layer and larval dispersal through the AW, but possibly inhibited by the influence of fresh Baltic Water during the late Holocene. Our study therefore highlights that modern shallow Norwegian CWC reefs may be particularly endangered due to changes in water-column stratification associated with increasing net precipitation caused by climate change.