bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large Daytime Molecular Chlorine Missing Source at a Suburban Site in East China
Authors: Chen Qianjie , Xia Men , Peng Xiang , Yu Chuan , Sun Peng , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Yuliang , Xu Zhengning , Xu Zheng , Wu Rongrong , Nie Wei , Ding Aijun , Zhao Yu , Wang Tao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMolecular chlorine (Cl2) affects atmospheric oxidative capacity by generating chlorine radicals upon photolysis, but it is poorly simulated in atmospheric chemistry models. In this study, we observed up to 40 ppt Cl2 around noon at a suburban site in East China, and used a box model with up‐to‐date chlorine chemistry and comprehensive observational constraints to investigate Cl2 formation mechanisms. The standard model run with traditional Cl2 formation mechanisms underestimates the observed Cl2 by almost one order of magnitude around noon. The daytime Cl2 missing source was estimated, accounting for on average (69 ± 5)% of daytime Cl2 production for the 1‐week study period. It is likely caused by photochemistry within the aerosols, based on its correlation with observed environmental factors, such as sunlight intensity and aerosol abundances. With the daytime Cl2 missing source implemented into the model, the chlorine radical abundance increases by a factor of 4 in the afternoon, enhancing the oxidation of volatile organic compounds. A good understanding of daytime Cl2 formation mechanisms is critical while assessing the impacts of chlorine chemistry on air quality and climate.
Thermal Structure and Aerosols in Mars’ Atmosphere From TIRVIM/ACS Onboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter: Validation of the Retrieval Algorithm
Authors: Guerlet S. , Ignatiev N. , Forget F. , Fouchet T. , Vlasov P. , Bergeron G. , Young R. M. B. , Millour E. , Fan S. , Tran H. , Shakun A. , Grigoriev A. , Trokhimovskiy A. , Montmessin F. , Korablev O. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) onboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter monitors the Martian atmosphere through different spectral intervals in the infrared light. We present a retrieval algorithm tailored to the analysis of spectra acquired in nadir geometry by Thermal InfraRed channel in honor of professor Vassilii Ivanovich Moroz (TIRVIM), the thermal infrared channel of ACS. Our algorithm simultaneously retrieves vertical profile of atmospheric temperature up to 50 km, surface temperature, and integrated optical depth of dust and water ice clouds. The specificity of the TIRVIM data set lies in its capacity to resolve the diurnal cycle over a 54 sol period. However, it is uncertain to what extent can the desired atmospheric quantities be accurately estimated at different times of day. Here we first present an Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE). We produce synthetic observations at various latitudes, seasons and local times and run our retrieval algorithm on these synthetic data, to evaluate its robustness. Different sources of biases are documented, in particular regarding aerosol retrievals. Atmospheric temperature retrievals are found robust even when dust and/or water ice cloud opacities are not well estimated in our OSSE. We then apply our algorithm to TIRVIM observations in April–May 2018 and perform a cross‐validation of retrieved atmospheric temperature and dust integrated opacity by comparisons with thousands of colocated Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) retrievals. Most differences between TIRVIM and MCS atmospheric temperatures can be attributed to differences in vertical sensitivity. Daytime dust opacities agree well with each other, while biases are found in nighttime dust opacity retrieved from TIRVIM at this season.
Seasonal Tidewater Glacier Terminus Oscillations Bias Multi‐Decadal Projections of Ice Mass Change
Authors: Felikson D. , Nowicki S. , Nias I. , Morlighem M. , Seroussi H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNumerical, process‐based simulations of tidewater glacier evolution are necessary to project future sea‐level change under various climate scenarios. Previous work has shown that nonlinearities in tidewater glacier and ice stream dynamics can lead to biases in simulated ice mass change in the presence of noisy forcings. Ice sheet modeling projections that are used in the IPCC Assessment Report 6 (AR6) utilize atmospheric and oceanic forcings at annual temporal resolution, omitting any higher frequency forcings. Here, we quantify the effect of seasonal (<1 year) tidewater glacier terminus oscillations on decadal‐scale (30 years) mass change. We use an idealized geometry to mimic realistic tidewater glacier geometries and investigate the impact of the magnitude of seasonal oscillations, bed slope at the glacier terminus, and basal friction law. We find that omitting seasonal terminus motion results in biased mass change projections, with up to an 39% underestimate or 25% overestimate of mass loss when seasonality is neglected, depending on bed slope and magnitude of oscillations. The bias is most sensitive to the magnitude of the seasonal terminus oscillations and exhibits very little sensitivity to choice of friction law. Although omitting seasonal terminus motion may bias mass change projections of individual glaciers, further work is needed to investigate the impact on ice sheet mass change projections. In order to achieve this, seasonality in atmospheric and oceanic forcings must be adequately represented and observations of seasonal terminus positions and tidewater glacier thickness changes must be acquired to evaluate numerical models.
Oral administration ofLactobacillus delbrueckiienhances intestinal immunity through inducing dendritic cell activation in suckling piglets
Authors: Peng Wei , Li Ying-Hui , Yang Guan , Duan Jie-Lin , Yang Ling-Yuan , Chen Li-Xiang , Hou Shu-Ling , Huang Xing-Guo 
Published: January 2022

Lactobacillus delbrueckii (LAB) modulates intestinal immunity through inducing DC maturation and activation, which is related to activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
Multi‐objective optimal configuration of stand‐alone microgrids based on Benders decomposition considering power supply reliability
Authors: Wei Wei , Wang Herong , Hou Kai , Ji Ledong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPower supply reliability (PSR) is a critical factor in the optimal configuration of stand‐alone microgrids. Considering the impact of the failure outage of power generation and energy storage equipment, as well as the uncertainty of renewable energy on PSR, a multi‐objective bi‐level mixed‐integer optimisation model is proposed. Based on Benders decomposition, the model is decoupled into a master problem (MP) of the equipment optimal configuration considering economy and environmental conservation and a sub‐problem (SP) of the PSR check. Considering the load importance hierarchy, two types of slack variables are introduced into the SP to ensure both the reliable power supply of important loads and the PSR of the system. Through interactive iteration of the MP and SP, the complexity of the optimisation model is considerably reduced, improving the solution efficiency while ensuring the rationality of the optimal configuration scheme. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by a typical stand‐alone wind–photovoltaic–diesel–battery microgrid system and analysed in terms of the impact of reliability requirement and energy storage on the configuration scheme and algorithm convergence.
Effect of serum protein on cell internalization of silica nanoparticles
Authors: Choi Jae Won , Kim In Young , Kwak Minjeong , Kim Jaeseok , Yoon Sohee , Jang Hyun Jun , Lee Tae Geol , Heo Min Beom 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNanomaterials such as silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are used in various fields owing to their unique properties, especially in biomedical applications. It has been reported that these particles induce different kinds of toxicity in various cells; therefore, it is very important to perform multifaceted analyses for accurate nanotoxicity evaluation. Most existing studies have primarily been conducted in the presence of serum, which could agglutinate SiO2 NPs, making it difficult to maintain the original size of the NPs and potentially causing errors in toxicity evaluation. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of serum proteins on the toxicity and internalization of SiO2 NPs. The toxicity of three types of monodisperse SiO2 NPs was examined in a serum‐free environment using human liver cancer (HepG2) cells and lung cancer (A549) cells. It was observed that the toxicity is significantly reduced by protein corona formation. The size‐dependent effect of SiO2 NPs on apoptosis and necrosis was also investigated, and it was observed that both apoptosis and necrosis occur under serum‐free or low‐concentration serum conditions after exposure of the cell lines to SiO2 NPs. These findings suggest that serum proteins are among the most important factors to be considered while evaluating the cytotoxicity of nanomaterials.
Using scaffolds as drug delivery systems to treat bone tumor
Authors: Wang Caifeng , Ma Zijiu , Yuan Kemeng , Ji Tianjiao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSurgery is the principal strategy to treat osteosarcoma and other types of bone tumors, but it causes bone defects that cannot be healed spontaneously. After surgery, patients still need to receive radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy to prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis, which leads to systemic side effects. Bone scaffolds exhibit the potentials to load cargos (drugs or growth factors) and act as drug delivery systems (DDSs) in the osteosarcoma postoperative treatment. This review introduces current types of bone scaffolds and highlights representative works using scaffolds as DDSs to treat osteosarcomas. Challenges and perspectives in the scaffold-based DDSs are also discussed. This review may provide references to develop effective and safe strategies for osteosarcoma postoperative treatment.
Electrically responsive materials based on dibutyl phathalate plasticized poly(lactic acid) and spherical fullerene
Authors: Thummarungsan Natlita , Pattavarakorn Datchanee , Sirivat Anuvat 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Carbon-based electromechanical actuators, capable of reversible shape changes in response to electrical stimuli, have found many potential utilizations such as robotic artificial muscles, micro-pumps, and sensitive switches. In this work, electroactive materials based on the dibutyl phathalate (DBP) plasticized poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and fullerene (C60) were produced by a simple solvent casting method. The PLA composites exhibited fast and reversible responses under electrical stimulus. The highest storage modulus response was obtained from the 1.0%v/v C60/PLA/DBP at 23.51 × 105 Pa under the 1.5 kV mm−1 electric field. In the bending experiment, the PLA composites bended towards the anode from the attractive force between the negative charges of the induced dipole moments namely the carbonyl groups in PLA and DBP and the π-conjugated electrons of C60 and the positive electrode. The C60/PLA/DBP composite with a small C60 content (0.1%v/v) yielded the maximum bending distance of about 6.0 mm within 10 s and the highest dielectrophoresis force of 1.01 mN at 550 V mm−1. Thus, the electrically responsive PLA composites fabricated here with the short response time and high bending deformation are demonstrated here to be promising biobased materials towards actuator applications.
Highly flexible and conductive stainless-steel thread based piezoelectric coaxial yarn nanogenerators via solution coating and touch-spun nanofibers coating methods
Authors: Uddin Md Mazbah , Blevins Brianna , Yadavalli Nataraja Sekhar , Pham Minh Thien , Nguyen Tho Duc , Minko Sergiy , Sharma Suraj 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The concept of nanogenerators (NGs) based on textiles was introduced to impart functional attributes to textiles for developing smart textiles and integrating wearable electronics of various functionalities. The human body can generate sufficient mechanical energy that can be harvested by the piezoelectric NGs (PENGs) and used to power up low power consuming wearable electronics. Two simple and easy approaches for coating a highly conductive weave-able metal electrode with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric polymer to construct two different types of coaxial yarn-based PENGs (Y-PENGs) are presented in this paper. The proposed techniques result in the in-situ formation of the β phase of the PVDF. The Y-PENGs are based on facile solution coating and touchspun nanofibers (TSNFs) coating of the inner electrode. The solution-coated Y-PENG (SC-YPENG) showed 5.12 V of peak open-circuit voltage (V
oc) and 41.25 nA of peak short circuit current (I
sc). Whereas the TSNFs coated Y-PENG (NFC-YPENG) showed 5.08 V of peak V
oc and 29.1 nA of peak I
sc. In a series connection, the average peak V
oc were synergized by ∼2.53 and ∼2.4 factor respectively for the SC-YPENG and the NFC-YPENG. The Y-PENGs were able to charge capacitors and run LEDs. Additionally, our coated inner electrode shows great flexibility, thereby it could be knitted or woven into smart textiles to run wearable electronics sustainably.
Exploring the half-lives of extremely long-lived α emitters *
Authors: Fan Jingya , Xu Chang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Naturally occurring α emitters with extremely long half-lives are investigated using the latest experimental data. Within the time-dependent perturbation theory, α decay with a rather narrow width is treated as a quasi-stationary problem by dividing the potential between the α particle and daughter nucleus into a stationary part and a perturbation. The experimental α decay half-lives of seven available long-lived α emitters with

y are reproduced with a good accuracy. It is also found that the deformation effect should be treated carefully for long-lived nuclei, especially with low

values. Predictions of the α decay half-lives of twenty naturally occurring nuclei are provided, namely,

Ce,

Nd,

Sm,

Dy,

Er,

Yb,

W,

Os,

Pt, and

Pb. These nuclei are energetically unstable to α decay with low decay energies and extremely long decay half-lives. In particular, the candidates

Os and

Sm are strongly recommended for future experiments.
Influence of electron density, temperature and decay energy on β–decay rates in a stellar environment *
Authors: Liu Shuo , Xu Chang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, thedecay rates in the magnetic field of a neutron star are investigated under different conditions of electron density, temperature, and decay energy. By considering the influence of magnetic field on the electron spectrum, we improve the Takahashi–Yokoi model and perform the calculations ofdecay rates for the nickel (Ni) isotopes, which are the typical neutron-rich nuclei participating in the rapid neutron-capture process (r-process). It is found that thedecay rates are increased significantly in the extremely strong magnetic field (G). Furthermore, we find oscillation ofdecay rates with the increase of magnetic field strength, implying that the magnitude ofdecay rates is closely related to not only the decay energy but also the environmental electron density. In contrast, the impact of temperature on thedecay rates is found to be negligible in the range ofKK.
Preparation, characterization, and genotoxicity of Polyvinyl alcohol-single-wall carbon nanotubes (PVA/SWCNTs) nanocomposites for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Anis Badawi , Khalil Wagdy K B , Kamel Nagwa A , Abd El-Messieh Salwa L 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the last decade, the synthesis and use of carbon nanotubes and their polymeric composites are increasing. However, there is no sufficient information about the safety of using single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in the biomedical field. In this study, novel polymeric nanocomposites based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and different concentrations of single-wall carbon nanotubes PVA/SWCNTs (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 wt%) have been prepared. The pro-inflammatory response and genotoxicity of these nanocomposites were tested for tissue engineering applications. Characterisation of the nanocomposites was carried out through Raman spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), dielectric and conductivity measurements in addition to tensile strength σ

B
and elongation at break ε

B
measurements. The research was expanded to look into the ability of different nanocomposite concentrations to cause oxidative stress and DNA damage in male rats’ lung tissues. The comet assay and gene expression analyses are used to assess the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative DNA damage. According to the findings, SWCNTs were distributed uniformly throughout the PVA matrix up to 1 wt% with physical interaction between them. When the SWCNT content increased, the electrical conductivity increased and the mechanical characteristics of the films were modified. In groups of rats exposed to PVA/SWCNTs 3 wt% nanocomposites, ROS production, DNA damage, and the expression levels of TNF-, p53, and CYP1A2 genes all rose significantly. The findings suggested that SWCNTs with a concentration of up to 1wt% could be a good candidate for improving physical properties of PVA and the nanocomposites could be used in neural, bone or cartilage tissue regeneration.
Efficacy and Safety of Letibotulinumtoxin A in the Treatment of Glabellar Lines: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study
Authors: Mueller Daniel S , Prinz Valentina , Adelglass Jeffrey , Cox Sue Ellen , Gold Michael H , Kaufman-Janette Joely , Nestor Mark S , Taylor Susan , Frank Konstantin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Letibotulinumtoxin A (Hugel, Inc., Chuncheon, Republic of Korea and CROMA Pharma, Leobendorf, Austria) is a newly manufactured neurotoxin derived from Clostridium botulinum strain CBFC26.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of letibotulinumtoxin A in reducing glabellar line severity (GLS) and to evaluate long-term safety and efficacy following repeated injections.

Methods
In this prospective, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled Phase III clinical trial, 355 subjects with moderate to severe glabella frown lines received injections of 20 U of letibotulinumtoxin A or placebo. GLS, onset and duration of effect, time to retreatment, and adverse events were evaluated. Response to treatment was defined as a GLS score of 0 or 1 (assessed by the subject and the investigator) and an improvement at Week 4 of ≥2 points in GLS score relative to baseline.

Results
At 4 weeks, 78.6% of the active treatment subjects were responders based on the investigator’s assessment and 68.8% based on the subject’s assessment, resulting in a composite responder rate of 64.7% for the active treatment group, whereas the corresponding rate was 0.0% in the placebo group (P &lt; 0.001). Subjects noted a substantial improvement in GL severity as early as Day 2, with the median time to onset of effect being 3 days. The mean [standard deviation] time until first retreatment for the letibotulinumtoxin A group was 127.26 [65.6] days. Letibotulinumtoxin A was well tolerated.

Conclusions
Letibotulinumtoxin A demonstrates high efficacy and a convincing safety profile in the treatment of glabellar lines.

Level of Evidence: 2
Revisiting hematopoiesis: applications of the bulk and single-cell transcriptomics dissecting transcriptional heterogeneity in hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Monga Isha , Kaur Karambir , Dhanda Sandeep Kumar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHematopoietic system (HS) is one of the most unique, adaptive and comprehensive developmental systems on which various other body systems relies on. It consists of a central pool of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) differentiating into lymphoid and myeloid lineage by series of gradual loss of stemness potential. Thus, this highly coordinated phenomenon of blood cell renewal ensures robust immunity and limits autoimmunity. Any disease, chronic infection or stress interrupts HS homeostasis and breaks HSCs’ dormancy, thereby activating HSCs to meet the peripheral demand for different immune cells via their expansion and differentiation into more lineage-restricted progenitors, primarily within the bone marrow (BM) in adult life. Therefore, a greater understanding of the overall regulatory landscape of HSC homeostasis and their perturbations is critical for dissecting protective immunity versus autoimmunity. Recent advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) viz genomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic and proteogenomic methods at bulk as well as single-cell levels have increased our apprehension for HSC working model. In this review, we discussed the recent findings and computational methods used to unravel the new HSC model revised over the classical model.
Tollip Orchestrates Macrophage Polarization to Alleviate Intestinal Mucosal Inflammation
Authors: Liu Xiaoming , Ren Xingxing , Zhou Lifeng , Liu Ke , Deng Liangjun , Qing Qing , Li Jin , Zhi Fachao , Li Mingsong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Regulation of macrophage polarization is a promising strategy for treating inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Tollip is an important negative regulator of Toll-like receptor [TLR]-mediated innate immunity with downregulated expression in the colon tissues of patients with IBD. This study aimed to regulate the expression of Tollip to affect macrophage polarization.

Methods
A molecular, targeted immunotherapy method was developed by linking mannose-modified trimethyl chitosan [MTC] with Tollip-expressing plasmids via ionic cross-linking, forming MTC-Tollip nanoparticles with a targeting function. MTC-Tollip selectively targeted mouse intestinal macrophages to regulate the polarization of macrophages for mucosal repair.

Results
Orally administered MTC-Tollip significantly elevated Tollip expression in intestinal tissue. Compared with MTC-negative control [NC]-treated mice in which colitis was induced with dextran sodium sulphate [DSS], the MTC-Tollip nanoparticle-treated mice exhibited decreased body weight loss and colon shortening, lower proinflammatory cytokine expression in colon tissues, and greater mucosal barrier integrity. MTC-Tollip treatment decreased TNF-α and iNOS expression but increased CD206 and Arg-1 expression in colon tissue. Tollip overexpression in mouse peritoneal macrophages inhibited lipopolysaccharide [LPS]-induced proinflammatory cytokine production and promoted IL-4-induced M2 expression. The progression of peritoneal macrophages extracted from Tollip−/− mice confirmed the effect of Tollip on macrophage polarization. Western blots showed that Tollip overexpression attenuated the upregulation of TLR pathway-associated targets in M1 macrophages.

Conclusions
MTC nanoparticles can be ‘intelligent’ carriers in immunotherapy. The modulation of Tollip expression in macrophages may be a novel treatment approach for IBD.