bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering the source contribution of organic matter accumulation in an urban wetland ecosystem
Authors: Dar Shahid Ahmad , Bhat Sami Ullah , Rashid Irfan , Kumar Pankaj , Sharma Rajveer , Aneaus Sheikh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA better understanding of the organic matter (OM) dynamics is a key to successful wetland management. We established the radiocarbon chronology (14C) and vertical distribution of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), OM, and carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) in the sediment core retrieved from the Anchar Wetland, Kashmir Himalaya. The accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) assisted14C dating of the sediment core showed14C age reversals related to occasional disturbances. The vertical distribution of various fractions revealed increased concentrations of organic carbon (OC), OM, and nutrients (N and P) in the upper part of the sediment core, largely related to increased anthropogenic inputs from the catchment areas during recent decades. Further, the low to high C/N ratio (1.3–36.4) suggests a combination of both the autochthonous and allochthonous inputs as the major contributors of OM to the wetland ecosystem. The linear regression model showed significant (p < 0.05) positive and negative relationships among various analyzed parameters. Principal component analysis (PCA) resulted in three principal components (PCs) accounting for a cumulative variance of 83.6%. The PCA suggests that the primary production, human activities such as extraction of Lotus stems (Nadru) and fishing, and terrestrial inputs (sewage disposal and fertilizer runoff) are the major factors controlling the distribution of organic fractions and nutrients. This study provides important insights into the sources and distribution of sedimentary OM and nutrients crucial for assessing the risks of pollution and for adopting the socially, politically, and scientifically robust strategies for the management of wetlands.
Flood disturbance mediates the strength of stream trophic cascades caused by trout
Authors: McIntosh Angus R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTrophic cascades are important features of aquatic ecosystems, but much variation in their strength remains unexplained. Disturbance could restrict cascade occurrence by limiting predator distribution, and increase cascade strength by lowering defended herbivore abundance. These possibilities were investigated in 20 New Zealand rivers varying both in flooding disturbance (measured by bed movement) and presence of non‐native predatory trout. Trout were often, but not always, associated with indirectly increasing algal abundance compared to similar rivers with native galaxiid fishes. Floods explained variation in cascades by (1) resetting algal abundance such that algal minima were related to bed movement; (2) preventing occurrence by restricting trout abundance in the most disturbed rivers; and (3) increasing potential cascade strength by removing defended herbivores. These observations indicate strong nonlinear influences of disturbance on both trophic cascade occurrence and maximum strength which will be important to consider as climate change alters disturbance regimes.
Treatment of pyogenic granuloma in children with a 595 nm pulsed dye laser: A retrospective study of 212 patients
Authors: Wu Jian‐Ping , Dong Li‐Ping , Lu Xiao‐Yun , Ge Hong‐Song , Zhang Li , Xiao Feng‐Li 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPyogenic granuloma (PG) is a common vascular neoplasm in children. Data on 595 nm pulsed dye lasers for the treatment of PG in children remain scarce.ObjectiveTo summarize the clinical characteristics and to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the 595 nm pulsed dye laser for the treatment of PG in children.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsA retrospective study was performed on 212 patients treated for PG with a 595 nm pulsed dye laser. SPSS version 19.0 was used for statistical analysis.ResultsAmong all 212 patients treated, 208 showed complete resolution of the lesion, and 4 dropped out after one treatment due to bleeding. A single treatment was sufficient in 139 (66.8%) patients, while two or three treatments were sufficient in 69 (33.2%) patients. Male patients responded better than female patients (χ2 = 7.603, p =0.006). Lesions in the nonorbital region responded better than those in the orbital region (χ2 = 7.445, p =0.006). The size of the lesion affected the effectiveness, and lesions with smaller diameters (t = −5.776, p <0.01) and heights (t = −10.368, p <0.01) showed better results.Complications and Side EffectsTwelve patients (5.8%) were reported to have local complications and side effects, including edematous erythema, slight bleeding, hyperpigmentation, and hypopigmentation. The edematous erythema and slight bleeding disappeared gradually after several days. The localized pigment changes usually resolved spontaneously and disappeared completely after 6 months.ConclusionsOur experience confirmed the efficacy and safety of the 595 nm pulsed dye laser for the treatment of PG in children.
Assessment of a 3050/3200 nm fiber laser system for ablative fractional laser treatments in dermatology
Authors: Wang‐Evers Michael , Blazon‐Brown Alyre J. , Ha‐Wissel Linh , Arkhipova Valeriya , Paithankar Dilip , Yaroslavsky Ilya V. , Altshuler Gregory , Manstein Dieter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMid‐infrared (IR) ablative fractional laser treatments are highly efficacious for improving the appearance of a variety of dermatological conditions such as photo‐aged skin. However, articulated arms are necessary to transmit the mid‐IR light to the skin, which restricts practicality and clinical use. Here, we have assessed and characterized a novel fiber laser‐pumped difference frequency generation (DFG) system that generates ablative fractional lesions and compared it to clinically and commercially available thulium fiber, Erbium:YAG (Er:YAG), and CO2 lasers.Materials and MethodsAn investigational 20 W, 3050/3200 nm fiber laser pumped DFG system with a focused spot size of 91 µm was used to generate microscopic ablation arrays in ex vivo human skin. Several pulse energies (10–70 mJ) and pulse durations (2–14 ms) were applied and lesion dimensions were assessed histologically using nitro‐blue tetrazolium chloride stain. Ablation depths and coagulative thermal damage zones were analyzed across three additional laser systems.ResultsThe investigational DFG system‐generated deep (>2 mm depth) and narrow (<100 µm diameter) ablative lesions surrounded by thermal coagulative zones of at least 20 µm thickness compared to 13, 40, and 320 µm by the Er:YAG, CO2, and Thulium laser, respectively.ConclusionThe DFG system is a small footprint device that offers a flexible fiber delivery system for ablative fractional laser treatments, thereby overcoming the requirement of an articulated arm in current commercially available ablative lasers. The depth and width of the ablated microcolumns and the extent of surrounding coagulation can be controlled; this concept can be used to design new treatment procedures for specific indications. Clinical improvements and safety are not the subject of this study and need to be explored with in vivo clinical studies.
Large signal analysis on microwave photonic generation using an asymmetric dual‐drive Mach–Zehnder modulator and with different modulation indices
Authors: Júnior Antonio A. F. , Ribeiro José A. J. , Spadoti Danilo H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes an exact closed‐form frequency domain analytical solution for large‐signal conditions to analyze a microwave photonic signal generator that employs external electro‐optic intensity modulation and direct detection. The detected power of the generated microwave signal was used to evaluate the effect of an asymmetric dual‐drive Mach–Zehnder modulator with finite extinction ratio and using different modulation indices. Considering these effects simultaneously, a full analysis of different bias and phase shifts is also theoretically investigated. The optimum modulation index that maximizes a desired generated microwave frequency is shown here. For a given generated harmonic, the modulation index increases by around 40%. Comparing with the ideal situation, that is, symmetric modulator and using equal modulation indices, for the same harmonic, there is a reduction of around 0.2 dB in the power level and an increase of around 10% in the modulation index to achieve maximum power.
Perpetual plastic for food to go: a design‐led approach to polymer research
Authors: Wilson Garrath T , Clark Nikki , Hatton Fiona L. , Trimingham Rhoda , Woolley Elliot 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere is both an increasing awareness and concern that human activity is responsible for the climate crisis. The role of polymers within this narrative is not always clear, but by industries engaging in linear economic systems there will always be a need for new plastic production, and the associated planetary cost that comes with it, to meet demand. This is a particular issue for the UK Food to Go industry where single‐use plastic packaging plays a vital role in maintaining the integrity of the packaged contents. The circular economy, in which there would be multiple closed‐loop cycles of plastic reuse before recycling, offers a promising direction but there are several barriers to the UK Food to Go industry's transition. This perspective article introduces a design‐led approach to polymer research, highlighting three advantages that could help to overcome these barriers: frame creation as a way for synthesising complex issues towards novel research directions; the potential for changing consumer behaviour through scripted material characteristics; and multidisciplinary working as a facilitator of knowledge generation and transfer. The article concludes with an introduction to the Perpetual Plastic for Food to Go project, a design‐led research project that combines polymer chemistry with sustainable manufacturing and design to reduce the impact of UK Food to Go plastic packaging. © 2022 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Hetero and homo α,ω‐chain‐end functionalized polyphosphazenes
Authors: Strasser Paul , Plavcan Oliver , Ajvazi Edip , Henke Helena , Brüggemann Oliver , Teasdale Ian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe control of chain‐ends is fundamental in modern macromolecular chemistry for directed one‐to‐one bioconjugation and the synthesis of advanced architectures such as block copolymers or bottlebrush polymers and the preparation of advanced soft materials. Polyphosphazenes are of growing importance as elastomers, biodegradable materials and in biomedical drug delivery due to their synthetic versatility. While controlled polymerization methods have been known for some time, controlling both chain‐ends with high fidelity has proven difficult. We demonstrate a robust synthetic route to hetero and homo α,ω‐chain‐end functionalized polyphosphazenes via end‐capping with easily accessible, functionalized triphenylphosphine‐based phosphoranimines. A versatile thiol‐ene “click”‐reaction approach then allows for subsequent conversion of the end‐capped polymers with various functional groups. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of this system to prepare gels based on homo α,ω‐chain‐end functionalized polyphosphazenes. This development will enhance their progress in various applications, particularly in soft materials and as degradable polymers.
Two‐dimensional analysis for the transition from nonlocal to local electron kinetics and its effect on the spatial uniformity of a capacitively coupled plasma
Authors: Kim Chang Ho , Kim Hwanho , Park Geonwoo , Shin Ji Hyun , Lee Hae June 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn capacitively coupled plasmas (CCPs) operated under various pressure conditions in semiconductor manufacturing processes, the transition in discharge characteristics is observed depending on local or nonlocal electron kinetics. A two‐dimensional (2D) particle‐in‐cell (PIC) simulation is required because the one‐dimensional PIC method cannot capture the effect of device structures and because fluid models cannot treat the self‐consistent change in the energy distributions. Using a 2D PIC simulation parallelized with a graphics processing unit, we investigated the transition of electron kinetics for the variation of the driving voltage, gas pressure, the gap distance between upper and lower electrodes, and the sidewall condition. Moreover, the mechanism for electron energy relaxation in a CCP is elucidated to develop a method to improve the process uniformity.
Genetic analyses reveal regional structure and demographic expansion of the predominant tea pest Empoasca onukii (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in China
Authors: Li Jinyu , Shi Longqing , Vasseur Liette , Zhao Qian , Chen Jie , You Minsheng , You Shijun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe tea green leafhopper, Empoasca onukii Matsuda, is the most destructive insect pest of tea plantations in East Asia. Despite its economic importance and previous studies on this species, it remains unclear as to how this small‐sized pest can have such wide range.RESULTSBy sequencing three mitochondrial genes and 17 microsatellite loci, we revealed the regional structure and demographic expansion of 59 E. onukii populations in China. Bayesian analysis of population genetic structure (BAPS) on microsatellites identified four genetic groups with spatial discontinuities, while analysis on mitochondrial genes inferred five nested and differentiated clusters. Both the Mantel test and the generalized linear model indicated a significant pattern of isolation by geographic distance in E. onukii populations. Based on the approximate Bayesian computation approach, E. onukii was found to have originated from southwestern China and expanded northward and eastward. While MIGRATE‐N and Bayesian stochastic search variable selection (BSSVS) procedure in BEAST confirmed the possible eastward and northward dispersal from Yunnan, they also detected more gene flow from the derived populations in central and southeastern China.CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that the current distribution and structure of E. onukii is complicatedly influenced by human activities of cultivation, wide dissemination of tea in ancient China as well as recent transportation of tea seedlings for establishing new tea plantations. Insights into genetic differentiation and demographic expansion patterns from this study provide an important basis for the development of area‐wide management of the E. onukii populations. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
First‐principles investigation of Rb2Ag(Ga/In)Br6 for thermoelectric and photovoltaic applications
Authors: Gourav  , Sk Mukaddar , Ramachandran Krishnamoorthy , Ghosh Saurabh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article, we have systematically investigated the structural, electronic, optical and thermoelectric properties of Rb2Ag(Ga/In)Br6. The resulting negative formation energy along with the absence of imaginary phonon modes confirm the thermodynamic stability of Rb2Ag(Ga/In)Br6. In addition, the derived electronic properties by using GGA‐PBE + mBJ + SOC functional show that the direct band gap values are 1.21 eV and 1.42 eV for Rb2AgGaBr6 and Rb2AgInBr6, respectively. Furthermore, the dispersed direct band nature of Rb2Ag(Ga/In)Br6 leads to their outshining optical properties such as higher order (105 cm−1) absorption coefficient, appreciable optical conductivity, and low reflectivity. Moreover, the higher figure of merit values of Rb2Ag(Ga/In)Br6 are resulted from their ultra‐low thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity. Thus, Rb2Ag(Ga/In)Br6 are predicted to be potential photovoltaic and thermoelectric materials.
Influence of casting position on cracking behavior of reinforced concrete elements and evaluation of latest proposal for EN‐1992 and MC2020: Experimental study
Authors: García Roberto , Alejandro Pérez Caldentey 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article describes an experimental program aimed at studying the influence of casting position on the cracking behavior of reinforced concrete elements. The effect of other parameters such as concrete cover, ratio between diameter and effective reinforcement ratio (ϕ/ρs,ef) and type of loading (tension or bending) is also studied. The experimental program was conceived in order to compare the results obtained for crack spacing and crack width for beams with the main reinforcement cast in good and poor bond conditions. The possible influence of this factor was documented, on the strength of test results, in a previous article. A specific test program, reported in this article, was carried out at the Technical University of Madrid in order to confirm this phenomenon.
Freie Bahn für kleinste Teilchen
Authors: Budelmann Dirk , Dücker Eibe , Schopphoff Andreas 
Published: April 2022

SummaryClear Path for the Smallest Particles – Vacuum challenges at linear accelerators and transfer linesThe need for radiation‐resistant products is often considered in vacuum applications on particle accelerators. This is particularly true for synchrotrons, but also for other accellarator types, at many positions in the system. The demands on vacuum technology products installed at non‐radiation‐exposed positions, such as transfer lines, are equally high. When chambers, components and pumps are considered holistically, cleanliness, absence of hydrocarbons and high mechanical accuracy are particularly important. This interplay in the large European accelerator GANIL highlights challenges as well as their solutions.
Dünne Schichten für die Energiewende
Authors: Seyfert Ulf 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThin films for the energy transitionThe energy transition encompasses a large number of measures that are necessary for the long‐term stabilization of the climate. At the same time, the topic of energy transition is associated not only with economic and social challenges, but also with a multitude of technological challenges. In the three pillars – utilization of regenerative energies – energy storage – efficient energy use – surfaces and interfaces, as well as the possibilities of influencing properties through thin‐film technologies, play a decisive role in the effectiveness of a wide variety of solutions. The article highlights some applications for solar and wind power utilization, as well as storage technologies from the perspective of surface and interface properties.
Key Stages for Battery Full-Lifespan Management
Authors: Liu Kailong , Wang Yujie , Lai Xin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs a classical electrochemical component, Li-ion battery ages with time, losing its capacity to store charge and deliver it efficiently. In order to ensure battery safety and high performance, it is vital to design and imply a series of management targets during its full-lifespan. This chapter will first offer the concept and give a systematic framework for the full-lifespan of Li-ion battery, which can be mainly divided into three stages including the battery manufacturing, battery operation, and battery reutilization. Then key management tasks of each stage would be introduced in detail.
Sexual and Reproductive Health of Adolescents and Young People in India: The Missing Links During and Beyond a Pandemic
Authors: Kedia Sapna , Verma Ravi , Mane Purnima 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe authors discuss the impact of the pandemic on the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents and young people. Adolescents and young adults (AYA) are at low risk from COVID- 19, and hence, it may be assumed that their needs do not warrant immediate attention. However, it is important to understand how the pandemic may have affected their lives. Evidence from previous humanitarian disasters in India and elsewhere suggests that consequences for adolescents and young adults may be significant and multi-dimensional. The authors examine the impact (short- and long-term) of COVID on the sexual and reproductive needs and behaviors of AYA in India, particularly their intimate relationships, sexual violence, access to services, and impact on their mental health.Programs for AYA should be responsive to their needs, feelings, and experiences and should treat them with the respect they deserve, acknowledging their potential to be part of the solution, so that their life conditions improve and the adverse impact of the pandemic is minimized. Programs must also address the needs of vulnerable AYA like migrants, those from the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) community, persons with special needs, HIV positive youth, and those who live in poverty. It is important to understand how gender impacts the sexual and reproductive health of AYA, particularly young girls and women, in terms of restriction of mobility, increase dependence on male partners/friends/relatives, gender-based violence, control of sexuality, and the lack of privacy and confidentiality. The responses to these needs by youth-based and youth-serving organizations and the government are summarized. Recommendations are made to address prevailing gaps from a sexual and reproductive health rights and justice perspective.
Photon fragmentation in the antenna subtraction formalism
Authors: Gehrmann Thomas , Schürmann Robin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The theoretical description of photon production at particle colliders combines direct photon radiation and fragmentation processes, which can not be separated from each other for definitions of photon isolation used in experimental measurements. The theoretical description of these processes must account for collinear parton-photon configurations, retaining the dependence on the photon momentum fraction, and includes the parton-to-photon fragmentation functions. We extend the antenna subtraction method to include photon fragmentation processes up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD. Collinear photon radiation is handled using newly introduced fragmentation antenna functions and associated phase space mappings. We derive the integrated forms of the fragmentation antenna functions and describe their interplay with the mass factorisation of the photon fragmentation functions. The construction principles of antenna subtraction terms up to NNLO for identified photons are outlined, thereby enabling the application of the method to different photon production processes at colliders.