bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of internal exhaust gas recirculation on performance, combustion, and emissions in a PFI camless engine
Authors: Tripathy Srinibas , Srivastava Dhananjay Kumar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe internal exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) into the intake manifold has a significant impact on fuel economy and emissions in the spark ignition (SI) engine. In this study, an in‐house developed novel electro‐pneumatic variable valve actuation (VVA) system was integrated on a PFI conventional engine and modified into PFI camless engine to vary the valve events independently. The potential of the developed VVA system in achieving the internal EGR by varying the intake valve opening (IVO) timings was widely investigated. The IVO timing was varied from 30° CA (crank angle) bITDC (before intake top dead center) to 40° CA aITDC (after intake top dead center). The spark timing was varied from 10° to 30° CA bCTDC (before compression top dead center). A 41% pumping mean effective pressure reduction was achieved with varying the IVO from 40° to −30° CA aITDC. It is due to the internal exhaust gas recirculation into the intake manifold that reduces the differential pressure between the manifold and combustion chamber. The entrapment of exhaust gas in the intake manifold dilutes the fresh charge, which deteriorates the combustion. However, advancing the spark timing from 10° to 30° CA bCTDC at IVO −30° CA aITDC, an 18% gas excahnge efficiency improvement was obtained. The fresh charge dilution forms an inhomogeneous mixture inside the cylinder that results in lower NOx emission. It is concluded that the developed VVA system has the potential to improve part loads efficiency by utilizing the internal EGR in a PFI camless engine.
Contribution of edible flowers to the Mediterranean diet: Phytonutrients, bioactivity evaluation and applications
Authors: Amrouche Thanina Amel , Yang Xuan , Capanoglu Esra , Huang Weisu , Chen Qi , Wu Lipeng , Zhu Yuhang , Liu Yuqi , Wang Yixuan , Lu Baiyi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Mediterranean diet is acknowledged to be the healthiest dietary pattern around the world, mainly based on plant foods from the rich Mediterranean flora. It is also known to increase longevity and have positive effects on chronic diseases. This review aimed to investigate the knowledge about the use and consumption of edible flowers as part of the Mediterranean cuisine, based on ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological studies especially from the last 10 years, and highlight their uses as a nutritious and functional food. In this review, a total of 32 edible flower species used in the Mediterranean diet were listed with their phytochemical composition, edible applications, bioactive properties, and dose, highlighting their nutritional contribution to the Mediterranean diet as well as their health effects. Edible flowers are consumed and widely contribute to the health‐promoting properties of the Mediterranean diet through being good sources of macro and micronutrients that enhance the nutritive value of Mediterranean dishes and foods, as well as providing more phytonutrients. Based on this, Mediterranean dishes have the remarkable characteristics of being conducive to mitochondrial health and anti‐metabolic diseases. The functional components in edible flowers are clarified here, which might be considered as a new factor for rational diet, natural product development, and medical improvement.
Influence of substrate formulation on some morphometric characters and biological efficiency of Pleurotus ostreatus EM‐1 (Ex. Fr) Kummer grown on rice wastes and “wawa” (Triplochiton scleroxylon) sawdust in Ghana
Authors: Wiafe‐Kwagyan Michael , Odamtten George Tawia , Kortei Nii Korley 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA study was conducted to correlate the stipe length, cap diameter, and growth yield (fresh weight) of the fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus strain EM‐1 using different rice lignocellulosic wastes and “wawa” (Triplochiton scleroxylon) compost: raw unamended rice straw; rice straw amended with 1% CaCO3 and 10% CaCO3; rice straw amended with 1% CaCO3 and 10% CaCO3 supplemented with 5, 10, and 15% rice bran prior to bagging; rice straw and rice husk mixture (1:1 w/w) amended with 1% CaCO3 and 10% CaCO3 supplemented with 5%–15% rice bran prior to bagging; and wawa sawdust amended with 1% CaCO3 and 10% rice bran. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design in a well‐ventilated semi‐dark room at 26–28°C and 60%–65% ERH. The fresh weight, length of the stipe, and cap diameter increased differentially in each treatment with an increasing period of composting in the substrates. There was a good coefficient of determination (R2) among stipe length, cap diameter, and biological efficiency (%). The R2 among stipe length, cap diameter, and biological efficiency for the different formulated substrates ranged between R2 = 0.6346–0.9454 and R2 = 0.570–0.9624, respectively. The highest R2 was obtained on raw unamended rice straw substrates (stipe length and cap diameter were R2 = 0.9454 and R2 = 0.9444, respectively), whereas the lowest correlation coefficient among stipe length, cap diameter, and biological efficiency (%) (R2 = 0.6346; R2 = 0.0570), respectively, was recorded on the rice straw and rice husk mixture substrates. The results show a positive correlation in morphometric growth parameters studied on the different formulated substrates.
Optimization of germination and ultrasonic‐assisted extraction for the enhancement of γ‐aminobutyric acid in pumpkin seed
Authors: Liang Li , Chen Lin , Liu Guimei , Zhang Fuming , Linhardt Robert J. , Sun Baoguo , Li Quanhong , Zhang Yuyu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGermination and ultrasonic‐assisted extraction (UAE) are economical and effective methods to enhance bioactive compounds in plant seeds. We optimized the germination parameters and UAE parameters by using response surface methodology to maximize the recovery of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) in pumpkin seeds. The optimal germination conditions were as follows: soaking the seeds at 28°C for 6 h with 0.2% CaCl2, 3.8 mg/ml monosodium glutamate, and 4.0 mg/ml vitamin B6, then germination at 30°C for 61.6 h. The optimal conditions for UAE were as follows: 1:75 (w/v) material‐to‐solvent ratio, 220 W ultrasonic power, and ultrasonic treatment at 50°C for 14.4 min, which afforded an extraction yield of 2679 ± 10 mg/100 g. Moreover, the GABA‐enhanced extract showed the potential of hypolipidemic effect in type 2 diabetes rats. These results confirmed that a combination of germination and UAE increased the GABA yield from pumpkin seeds and provided a basis for GABA‐enhanced production to improve lifestyle‐associated diseases.
An improved whole‐cell biotransformation system for (S)‐equol production
Authors: Li Bing‐Juan , Xiao Meng‐Ying , Dong Xin‐Yu , Huang Zhao‐Xiang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract(S)‐equol, the most active metabolite of the soybean isoflavones in vivo, has exhibited various biological activities and clinical benefits. Existing studies on the heterologous biosynthesis of (S)‐equol via the engineered E. coli constructed have been significantly progressed. In the present study, the engineered E. coli was further improved to be more suitable for (S)‐equol production. The four enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of (S)‐equol and another GDH for NADPH regeneration were combined to construct the recombinant E. coli BL21(DE3). The optimal conditions for (S)‐equol production were explored, respectively. The yield of equol reached 98.05% with 1 mM substrate daidzein and 4% (wt/vol) glucose. Even when the substrate concentration increased to 1.5 mM, (S)‐equol could maintain a high yield of 90.25%. Based on the 100 ml one‐pot reaction system, (S)‐equol was produced with 223.6 mg/L in 1.5 h. The study presented a more suitable engineered E. coli for the production of (S)‐equol.
Sourcing of chalkstone used in medieval buildings in the Eastern Duchy of Normandy (10th−14th centuries) through geological and geochemistry analyses
Authors: Ballesteros Daniel , Painchault Aude , Puente‐Berdasco Beatriz , Nehme Carol , Todisco Dominique , García‐Alonso José Ignacio , Varano M. , Mouralis D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe provenance of medieval building stones links historic constructions with their quarrying areas, thereby revealing medieval trade routes and the spatial organization of past societies. In northern France, the Duchy of Normandy played a significant role in the medieval history of Europe, situated at the centre of the disputes between the English and French kingdoms. However, the historical documentation from this period is scarce, particularly in terms of the quarrying industry. Our study aims to define the quarrying areas and their diffusion zones and map the territorial organization of Eastern Normandy during the 10th–14th centuries. A multidisciplinary procedure using archaeological, geological and geochemical techniques was designed to establish the provenance of Normandy Chalkstone. First, we obtained a representative assembly of building stones by the selection and strategic sampling of 22 buildings. Second, we determined areas of chalk bedrock from a geological map rendered through GIS and sampled chalkstones from natural outcrops and quarries. In total, 118 samples from buildings, quarries and natural outcrops were characterized via optical microscopy and geochemical analyses for major, minor and trace elements (XRF, ICP‐MS and ICP‐OES), as well as for87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios (MC‐ICP‐MS). The application in situ of pXRF analysis allows for the identification of Normandy Chalkstone sources preserved in archaeological sites. The results indicate that all chalkstones came from five local varieties of Normandy Chalkstone and one of Shelly Limestone imported from nearby regions. The suitability of chalkstone as construction material was evaluated in situ using a sclerometer, which revealed that the singular and local geological features of the chalkstone make it suitable for walling. Our study demonstrates the development of a prominent and relatively continued quarrying industry over the 10th to 14th centuries in Eastern Normandy. The main quarrying areas were constituted of three chalkstone diffusion zones that run coevally with smaller and apparently sporadic quarries. The chalkstone diffusion was strongly related to the occurrence of singular and local geological resources and the stone transport system, which favoured the use of effective fluvial and maritime navigation for transport over 50 km from the quarrying areas.
A pan‐genotype hepatitis C virus viral vector vaccine generates T cells and neutralizing antibodies in mice
Authors: Donnison Timothy , McGregor Joey , Chinnakannan Senthil , Hutchings Claire , Center Rob J. , Poumbourios Pantelis , Klenerman Paul , Drummer Heidi E. , Barnes Eleanor 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
A prophylactic vaccine targeting multiple HCV genotypes (gt) is urgently required to meet World Health Organization elimination targets. Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are associated with spontaneous clearance of HCV, and each may contribute to protective immunity. However, current vaccine candidates generate either nAbs or T cells targeting genetically variable epitopes and have failed to show efficacy in human trials. We have previously shown that a simian adenovirus vector (ChAdOx1) encoding conserved sequences across gt1‐6 (ChAd‐Gt1‐6), and separately gt‐1a E2 protein with variable regions deleted (E2Δ123HMW), generates pan‐genotypic T cells and nAbs, respectively. We now aim to develop a vaccine to generate both viral‐specific B‐ and T‐cell responses concurrently.

Approach and Results
We show that vaccinating with ChAd‐Gt1‐6 and E2Δ123HMW sequentially in mice generates T‐cell and antibody (Ab) responses comparable to either vaccine given alone. We encoded E2Δ123 in ChAdOx1 (ChAd‐E2Δ123) and show that this, given with an E2Δ123HMW protein boost, induces greater CD81‐E2 inhibitory and HCV‐pseudoparticle nAb titers compared to the E2Δ123HMW prime boost. We developed bivalent viral vector vaccines (ChAdOx1 and modified vaccinia Ankara [MVA]) encoding both Gt1‐6 and E2Δ123 immunogens (Gt1‐6‐E2Δ123) generating polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and nAb titers in prime/boost strategies. This approach generated nAb responses comparable to monovalent E2Δ123 ChAd/MVA vaccines and superior to three doses of recombinant E2Δ123HMW protein, while also generating high‐magnitude T‐cell responses.

Conclusions
These data are an important step forward for the development of a pan‐genotype HCV vaccine to elicit T cells and nAbs for future assessment in humans.
Forced convection heat transfer of Williamson fluid flow in porous media over horizontal plate with constant heat flux
Authors: Quran Omar , Maaitah Hussein , Awad Ahmad S. , Elayyan Mutaz , Duwairi Hamzeh M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractForced convection of Williamson fluid flow in porous media under constant surface heat flux conditions is investigated numerically. A model of Darcy–Forchheimer–Brinkman is used and the corresponding governing equations are expressed in dimensionless forms and solved numerically using bvp4c with MATLAB package. Boundary layer velocity, shear stress, and temperature profiles, in addition to the local Nusselt number parameter over a horizontal plate, are found. The effects of the Forchheimer parameter, Nusselt number, Darcy parameter, porous inertia, and Williamson parameter on the velocity profiles, temperature profiles, coefficient of friction, and coefficient of heat transfer are investigated. The results showed that as the Darcy parameter increases, boundary layer velocity and shear stress increase, while the temperature and Nusselt number decrease. In addition, as Williamson's parameter increases, velocity within the boundary layer, shear stress, and Nusselt number decrease while the temperature profile increases. Also, with larger values of the Forchheimer parameter, the velocity of the boundary layer, shear stress, temperature, and Nusselt number increase. Furthermore, the Nusselt number and the coefficient of friction are obtained on the surface of the horizontal plate.
Second stage cesarean section and the risk of preterm birth in subsequent pregnancies
Authors: Offringa Yvonne , Paret Louise , Vayssiere Christophe , Parant Olivier , Loussert Lola , Guerby Paul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the risk of spontaneous preterm birth on subsequent pregnancies after second stage cesarean section.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study. Women were included if they had their two consecutive births in Toulouse University Hospital in the study period. The first birth was a singleton livebirth at term (≥37 weeks of gestation), divided in three categories according to the mode of delivery: vaginal delivery (group A), cesarean section before the second stage of labor (group B), cesarean section during the second stage of labor (group C). The subsequent pregnancy was the first subsequent pregnancy, conducted after 16 weeks of gestation. The primary outcome was spontaneous preterm birth in the subsequent pregnancy, defined as delivery before 37 weeks of gestation. Secondary endpoints included preterm rupture of membranes in the subsequent pregnancy.ResultsBetween 2003 and 2018, 7776 women (84.7%) in group A, 1263 (13.8%) in group B and 143 (1.5%) in group C were included. The adjusted odds ratio of spontaneous preterm birth before 37 weeks of gestation after second stage cesarean section was 2.4 (group C vs group A + B, 95% confidence interval: 1.2–4.8), P = 0.01). The rate of preterm rupture of membranes was also significantly higher in group C (6% vs 2% in group A, P = 0.009, 6% vs 3% in group B, P= 0.05) with OR = 3.0 (group C vs group A + B, 95% CI: 1.55–6.16, P < 0.001).ConclusionHistory of term second stage of labor cesarean section is an independent risk factor for spontaneous preterm birth and for preterm rupture of membrane in the subsequent pregnancy.
Vegetative growth, yield, and water productivity of an early maturing peach cultivar under deficit irrigation strategies in a warm and arid area
Authors: Toumi Ines , Ghrab Mohamed , Nagaz Kamel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDeficit irrigation strategies are considered as promising irrigation management for water saving. In the arid areas of southern Tunisia, agriculture relies heavily on irrigation. With rainfall scarcity, valuable management of water requires efficient approaches. In this context, the effects of deficit irrigation (CDI) and partial root zone drying (PRD) on the vegetative and fruiting behaviour of an early maturing peach (Prunus persica cv. Flordastar) were investigated. Shoot and trunk growth, yield, and fruit size were evaluated during three successive years (2013–2015). In reference to full irrigation (FI) treatment, a 50% water restriction was applied using CDI and PRD. The results obtained showed that both strategies at 50% crop evapotranspiration induced a similar significant reduction of tree vigour mediated by shoot length, trunk cross‐sectional area, and pruning wood weight. Consequently, there was a significant yield loss of 25% following the continuous water restriction of 50% observed throughout the experimental period. However, these yield losses were offset by substantial water savings in the range of 48%–52% and a significant increase of agricultural water productivity. Hence, these techniques lead to significant water savings and vegetative and yield losses offset by a significant increase in water productivity.
Coping and its association with psychological adjustment: Differences between first‐, second‐, and third‐plus generation adolescents
Authors: Tardif‐Grenier Kristel , Olivier Elizabeth , Marks Amy K. , Archambault Isabelle , Dupéré Véronique , Gervais Christine , Hébert Corinne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionAdolescents with an immigrant background, whether first‐generation (born abroad) or second‐generation (at least one parent born abroad), face challenges that could compromise their psychological adjustment compared to their third‐plus generation peers. Yet, many are developing positively despite the presence of adversity. To understand what contributes to these adolescents' resilience, it can be useful to study the coping strategies they use.MethodsA total of 1036 Canadian secondary school students participated in this quantitative cross‐sectional study (Mage = 12.9; 56% females; 26% first‐generation; 34% second generation; 39% third‐plus generation). Coping strategies (coping orientation to problems experienced inventory) were assessed and their differentiated associations with self‐esteem, anxiety (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders), and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) were analyzed through path analysis and invariance testing.ResultsFirst‐generation adolescents reported more acceptance/reinterpretation and substance use than second‐ and third‐plus generation adolescents. First‐ and second‐generation adolescents reported using religion more than third‐plus generation adolescents. First‐generation adolescents used self‐distraction more often than second‐generation adolescents, who used it more often than third‐plus generation. The use of humor was more prevalent in second‐generation adolescents compared with their third‐plus generation peers. In addition, some associations between coping strategies and psychological adjustment differed across generations. In first‐generation adolescents, behavioral disengagement was significantly associated with fewer anxiety symptoms. The same trend was observed in second‐generation adolescents who used self‐distraction. These avoidant strategies are generally associated with poor psychological adjustment.ConclusionsThis study adds new knowledge about differences across generations in the coping strategies used by adolescents to deal with stress. Further practical implications are discussed.
LINC01140 inhibits nonsmall cell lung cancer progression and cisplatin resistance through the miR‐4742‐5p/TACC1 axis
Authors: Wang Yanyun , Li Man , Zhang Lin , Chen Yitong , Ha Minwen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecent studies show that lncRNAs participate in drug resistance and nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression. This study aimed to study the roles and mechanisms of long intergenic nonprotein coding RNA 01140 (LINC01140) in regulating NSCLC progression and drug resistance. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to detect LINC01140, miR‐4742‐5p, and transforming acidic coiled‐coil 1 (TACC1) expression in NSCLC cells. The interaction between two molecules was examined by luciferase reporter and/or RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Cell invasion, apoptosis, and cisplatin cytotoxicity were assessed by transwell invasion assay, flow cytometry analysis, and CCK‐8 assay, respectively. LINC01140 was downregulated and miR‐4742‐5p was upregulated in NSCLC. LINC01140 inhibited miR‐4742‐5p expression by competitively binding to miR‐4742‐5p, while miR‐4742‐5p targeted TACC1 to inhibit TACC1 expression in NSCLC cells. LINC01140 enrichment repressed the invasive potential and cisplatin resistance and triggered apoptosis, which was reversed by miR‐4742‐5p overexpression. miR‐4742‐5p inhibition suppressed cell invasion and cisplatin resistance and accelerated apoptosis in NSCLC cells, while TACC1 silencing abolished these effects. Mechanistically, LINC01140 positively regulated TACC1 expression by sponging miR‐4742‐5p. In conclusion, LINC01140 inhibited NSCLC progression and cisplatin resistance via functioning as a ceRNA for miR‐4742‐5p to modulate TACC1.
Corilagin attenuates osteoclastic osteolysis by enhancing HO‐1 and inhibiting ROS
Authors: Tan Shaolin , Su Yuangang , Huang Linke , Deng Siyu , Yan Guohua , Yang Xue , Chen Runfeng , Xian Yansi , Liang Jiamin , Liu Qian , Cheng Jianwen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChinese herbal medicine has well‐established therapeutic effects in various diseases. Corilagin (Cor), a gallic acid tannin in Phyllanthus niruri L., has anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects in many diseases. However, its role in osteoclast‐related bone diseases has not been determined. In vitro, bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) were extracted and isolated to differentiate into osteoclasts. The effects of Cor on osteoclast formation, bone resorption, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were performed. In addition, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to evaluate the effect of Cor on oxidative stress‐related pathways, which are nuclear factors‐κB ligand‐receptor activator (RANKL) stimulates important downstream pathways. Furthermore, microcomputed tomography and bone histomorphometry were performed to analyze the therapeutic effect of Cor in mouse models of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐mediated bone defects in vivo. Cor influenced the nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) signaling pathway and reduced ROS in RANKL‐treated osteoclasts, thereby inhibiting osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Moreover, Cor protected against LPS‐mediated skull defects in vivo. In sum, our results confirm that Cor can inhibit osteoclastogenesis and intracellular oxidative stress. In addition, the inflammatory bone defect induced by LPS was also attenuated by Cor. Accordingly, Cor is a new candidate therapeutic agent for osteoclast‐mediated osteolytic diseases.