bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of PI3K in the bone resorption of apical periodontitis
Authors: Wang LiNa , Dong Ming , Shi DongMei , Yang CaiHui , Liu Shuo , Gao Lu , Niu WeiDong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is located within cells, and is involved in regulating cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of PI3K in the process of bone destruction in apical periodontitis, and provide reference data for the treatment of this disease.

Methods
The relative mRNA expression of PI3K, Acp5 and NFATc1 in the normal human periodontal ligament and in chronic apical periodontitis were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). A mouse model of apical periodontitis was established by root canal exposure to the oral cavity, and HE staining was used to observe the progress of apical periodontitis. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of PI3K and AKT in different stages of apical periodontitis, while enzymatic histochemical staining was used for detection of osteoclasts. An Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammatory environment was also established at the osteoclast and osteoblast level, and osteoclasts or osteoblasts were treated with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 to examine the role of PI3K in bone resorption.

Results
The expression of PI3K, Acp5 and NFATc1 genes in chronic apical periodontitis sample groups was significantly increased relative to healthy periodontal ligament tissue (P < 0.05). Mouse apical periodontitis was successfully established and bone resorption peaked between 2 and 3 weeks (P < 0.05). The expression of PI3K and Akt increased with the progression of inflammation, and reached a peak at 14 days (P < 0.05). The gene and protein expression of PI3K, TRAP and NFATc1 in osteoclasts were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the E. coli LPS-mediated inflammatory microenvironment compared to the normal control group. Meanwhile in osteoblasts, the gene and protein expression of PI3K, BMP-2 and Runx2 were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in the inflammatory microenvironment. With the addition of LY294002, expressions of bone resorption-related factors (TRAP, NFATc1) and bone formation-related factors (BMP-2, Runx2) significantly decreased (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Under the inflammatory environment induced by LPS, PI3K participates in the occurrence and development of chronic apical periodontitis by regulating the proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts.
The combination of high glucose and LPS induces autophagy in bovine kidney epithelial cells via the Notch3/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Cui Yaocheng , Guo Hongrui , Zhang Qin , Fang Jing , Xie Yue , Chen Shiyi , Ma Xiaoping , Gou Liping , Cui Hengmin , Geng Yi , Ye Gang , Zhong Zhijun , Ren Zhihua , Wang Ya , Deng Junliang , Yu Shuming , Cao Suizhong , Wang Zhisheng , Zuo Zhicai 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Aside respiratory diseases, beef cattle may also suffer from serious kidney diseases after transportation. Hyperglycemia and gram-negative bacterial infection may be the main reasons why bovine is prone to severe kidney disease during transportation stress, however, the precise mechanism is still unclear. The purpose of the current study is to explore whether the combined treatment of high glucose (HG) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could induce madin-darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells injury and autophagy, as well as investigate the potential molecular mechanisms involved.

Results
As we discovered, the combined effect of HG and LPS decreased MDBK cells viability. And, HG and LPS combination also induced autophagy in MDBK cells, which was characterized by increasing the expression of LC3-II/I and Beclin1 and decreasing p62 expression. LC3 fluorescence signal formation was also significantly increased by HG and LPS combination treatment. Furthermore, we measured whether the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the Notch3 signaling pathways were involved in HG and LPS-induced autophagy. The results showed that the combination of HG and LPS significantly increased the protein expression of Notch3 and decreased protein expression of p-mTOR, indicating that Notch3 and mTOR signaling pathways were activated. However, co-treatment with the Notch3 inhibitor (DAPT) could reverse the induction of autophagy, and increased the protein expression of p-mTOR.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that the combination effect of HG and LPS could induce autophagy in MDBK cells, and the Notch3/mTOR signaling pathway was involved in HG and LPS-induced autophagy.
From strain engineering to process development: monoclonal antibody production with an unnatural amino acid in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Tir Nora , Heistinger Lina , Grünwald-Gruber Clemens , Jakob Leo A. , Dickgiesser Stephan , Rasche Nicolas , Mattanovich Diethard 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Expansion of the genetic code is a frequently employed approach for the modification of recombinant protein properties. It involves reassignment of a codon to another, e.g., unnatural, amino acid and requires the action of a pair of orthogonal tRNA and aminoacyl tRNA synthetase modified to recognize only the desired amino acid. This approach was applied for the production of trastuzumab IgG carrying p-azido-l-phenylalanine (pAzF) in the industrial yeast Pichia pastoris. Combining the knowledge of protein folding and secretion with bioreactor cultivations, the aim of the work was to make the production of monoclonal antibodies with an expanded genetic code cost-effective on a laboratory scale.

Results
Co-translational transport of proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum through secretion signal prepeptide change and overexpression of lumenal chaperones Kar2p and Lhs1p improved the production of trastuzumab IgG and its Fab fragment with incorporated pAzF. In the case of Fab, a knockout of vacuolar targeting for protein degradation further increased protein yield. Fed-batch bioreactor cultivations of engineered P. pastoris strains increased IgG and IgGpAzF productivity by around 50- and 20-fold compared to screenings, yielding up to 238 mg L−1 and 15 mg L−1 of fully assembled tetrameric protein, respectively. Successful site-specific incorporation of pAzF was confirmed by mass spectrometry.

Conclusions
Pichia pastoris was successfully employed for cost-effective laboratory-scale production of a monoclonal antibody with an unnatural amino acid. Applying the results of this work in glycoengineered strains, and taking further steps in process development opens great possibilities for utilizing P. pastoris in the development of antibodies for subsequent conjugations with, e.g., bioactive payloads.
Injectable self-healing hydrogel fabricated from antibacterial carbon dots and ɛ-polylysine for promoting bacteria-infected wound healing
Authors: Mou Chengjian , Wang Xinyuan , Teng Jiahui , Xie Zhigang , Zheng Min 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDeveloping highly efficient pharmaceuticals to eradicate pathogens and facilitate wound healing is of great concern. Despite some cationic carbon dots (CDs) have been used for sterilization, hardly any anionic CDs with antimicrobial activity have appeared. In the present work, we engineered a string of anionic CDs (especially CD31) as valid broad-spectrum bactericides to kill bacteria. Furthermore, CD31 conjugated with ɛ-polylysine (Plys) to construct injectable, and self-healing hydrogel (CD-Plys) that possess the advantages of remarkable broad spectrum antibacterial activity, excellent wound healing ability and satisfied biocompatibility. CD-Plys could dramatically accelerate wound healing with epithelization and enhanced angiogenesis. Taken together, this work provides a two-pronged strategy to explore CDs-based antimicrobial agents for disease therapy and tissue engineering.
Iron oxide@chlorophyll clustered nanoparticles eliminate bladder cancer by photodynamic immunotherapy-initiated ferroptosis and immunostimulation
Authors: Chin Yu-Cheng , Yang Li-Xing , Hsu Fei-Ting , Hsu Che-Wei , Chang Te-Wei , Chen Hsi-Ying , Chen Linda Yen-Chien , Chia Zi Chun , Hung Chun-Hua , Su Wu-Chou , Chiu Yi-Chun , Huang Chih-Chia , Liao Mei-Yi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe escape of bladder cancer from immunosurveillance causes monotherapy to exhibit poor efficacy; therefore, designing a multifunctional nanoparticle that boosts programmed cell death and immunoactivation has potential as a treatment strategy. Herein, we developed a facile one-pot coprecipitation reaction to fabricate cluster-structured nanoparticles (CNPs) assembled from Fe3O4 and iron chlorophyll (Chl/Fe) photosensitizers. This nanoassembled CNP, as a multifunctional theranostic agent, could perform red-NIR fluorescence and change the redox balance by the photoinduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and attenuate iron-mediated lipid peroxidation by the induction of a Fenton-like reaction. The intravesical instillation of Fe3O4@Chl/Fe CNPs modified with 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid (CPBA) may target the BC wall through glycoproteins in the BC cavity, allowing local killing of cancer cells by photodynamic therapy (PDT)-induced singlet oxygen and causing chemodynamic therapy (CDT)-mediated ferroptosis. An interesting possibility is reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment from immunosuppressive to immunostimulatory after PDT-CDT treatment, which was demonstrated by the reduction of PD-L1 (lower “off” signal to the effector immune cells), IDO-1, TGF-β, and M2-like macrophages and the induction of CD8+ T cells on BC sections. Moreover, the intravesical instillation of Fe3O4@Chl/Fe CNPs may enhance the large-area distribution on the BC wall, improving antitumor efficacy and increasing survival rates from 0 to 91.7%. Our theranostic CNPs not only demonstrated combined PDT-CDT-induced cytotoxicity, ROS production, and ferroptosis to facilitate treatment efficacy but also opened up new horizons for eliminating the immunosuppressive effect by simultaneous PDT-CDT.
Hexokinase 2 promoted cell motility and proliferation by activating Akt1/p-Akt1 in human ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Tian Xueye , Liu Dan , Zuo Xiaohang , Sun Xiaoli , Wu Mengmin , Li Xu , Teng Yue 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Recently, increasing evidence has indicated that elevation of Hexokinase 2 (HK2) plays an important role in several cancers on regulating cell motility and growth. However, its role on regulating cell EMT in human ovarian cancer still less to known.

Methods
The transwell and wound-healing assay were used to detect the effective of HK2 on regulating motility of ovarian cancer cells. Real Time PCR and Western Blotting were used to explore the changing of EMT-related proteins in HK2-modified cells. The clonogenic formation, cell growth curves and MTT assays were used to evaluate the effective of HK2 on regulating cell proliferation in HK2-modified cells. The flow cytometry was used to detect the differences in the distribution of cells in the cell cycle between the HK2-modified cells and their control cells. The correlation of HK2 and Akt1/p-Akt1 was explored by using Western Blotting, Akt1 inhibitor (MK2206) and transient transfection of an Akt1 recombinant plasmid. The potential correlation between HK2 and EMT-related proteins in human ovarian cancer tissues and OV (ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma) was confirmed by using Pearson correlation analysis and TIMER 2.0.

Results
In ovarian cancer cells, overexpressing of HK2 enhanced cell motility by inducing of EMT-related proteins, such as CDH2, fibronectin, MMP9, ZEB1, ZEB2 and vimentin. Moreover, overexpressing of HK2 promoted cell growth by reducing p21 and p27 expression in ovarian cancer cells. Further studies demonstrated that this promotion of cell motility and growth by HK2 was probably a result of it activating of Akt1 (p-Akt1) in ovarian cancer cells. Additionally, the positive correlation between HK2 and p-Akt1, fibronectin, MMP9 expression in human ovarian cancer samples was verified by using Pearson correlation analysis. The positive correlation between HK2 and CDH2, fibronectin, MMP9, ZEB1, ZEB2 and vimentin in OV (ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma) was confirmed by using TIMER 2.0.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that HK2 could induce EMT-related proteins and reduce cell cycle inhibitor by activating Akt1 in human ovarian cancer cells, subsequently enhancing cell motility and growth, suggesting that HK2 participate in the malignant process of ovarian cancer by interacting with Akt1.
Metagenomic assembly reveals hosts and mobility of common antibiotic resistome in animal manure and commercial compost
Authors: Qiu Tianlei , Huo Linhe , Guo Yajie , Gao Min , Wang Guoliang , Hu Dong , Li Cheng , Wang Zhanwu , Liu Guiming , Wang Xuming 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) used in intensive animal farming threaten human health worldwide; however, the common resistome, ARG mobility, and ARG host composition in different animal manures and mixed manure composts remain unclear. In the present study, metagenomic assembly and cross-sample mapping were used to comprehensively decipher the common resistome and its potential mobility and hosts in animal manure and composts.

Results
In total, 201 ARGs were shared among different animal (layer, broiler, swine, beef cow, and dairy cow) manures and accounted for 86–99% of total relative abundance of ARGs. Except for multidrug, sulfonamide, and trimethoprim resistance genes, the relative abundance of most ARGs in composts was significantly lower than that in animal manure. Procrustes analysis indicated that antibiotic residues positively correlated with ARG composition in manure but not in composts. More than 75% ARG subtypes were shared between plasmids and chromosomes in our samples. Transposases could play a pivotal role in mediating the transfer of ARGs between different phyla in animal manure and composting. Cross-sample mapping to contigs carrying ARGs showed that the hosts of common resistome in manure had preference on animal species, and the dominant genus of ARG host shifted from Enterococcus in manure to Pseudomonas in composts. The broad host range and linking with diverse mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were two key factors for ARGs, such as sul1 and aadA, which could survive during composting. The multidrug resistance genes represented the dominant ARGs in pathogenic antibiotic-resistant bacteria in manure but could be effectively controlled by composting.

Conclusions
Our experiments revealed the common resistome in animal manure, classified and relative quantified the ARG hosts, and assessed the mobility of ARGs. Composting can mitigate ARGs in animal manure by altering the bacterial hosts; however, persistent ARGs can escape from the removal because of diverse host range and MGEs. Our findings provide an overall background for source tracking, risk assessment, and control of livestock ARGs.
Performance and security enhancement using generalized optimal unified power flow controller under contingency conditions and renewable energy penetrations
Authors: Kumar Kavuturu K. V. , Sai Tejaswi K. N. V. , Janamala Varaprasad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a novel flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) device named generalized optimal unified power flow controller (GOUPFC) is introduced to control the power flows in multi transmission lines and to regulate the voltages and angles at the load buses. The detailed power injection modeling of GOUPFC is presented in this paper. The optimal location of GOUPFC is determined based on line collapse proximity indicator (LCPI). A multi-objective function is framed in terms of average voltage deviation (AVDI), real power loss (Ploss) and average line collapse proximity indicator (LCPIavg) to test the effectiveness of the proposed device. The simulation studies are performed on standard IEEE 57-bus test system under single line contingency and considering various renewable energy source (RES) penetrations. The control parameters of GOUPFC are optimized by using whale optimization (WO-BAT) algorithm, by hybridizing WOA and BAT algorithms, and the superiority of WO-BAT is observed in minimizing the proposed objective function and enhancing the voltage profile.
Associations between childhood maltreatment and oxidative nucleoside damage in affective disorders
Authors: Eriksen Johanne Kofod Damm , Coello Klara , Stanislaus Sharleny , Kjærstad Hanne Lie , Sletved Kimie Stefanie Ormstrup , McIntyre Roger S. , Faurholt-Jepsen Maria , Miskowiak Kamilla K. , Poulsen Henrik Enghusen , Kessing Lars Vedel , Vinberg Maj 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Childhood maltreatment is an established risk factor for incident unipolar disorder and bipolar disorder. It is separately observed that affective disorders (AD) are also associated with higher nucleoside damage by oxidation. Childhood maltreatment may induce higher levels of nucleoside damage by oxidation and thus contribute to the development of AD; however, this relation is only sparsely investigated.

Methods
In total, 860 participants (468 patients with AD, 151 unaffected first-degree relatives, and 241 healthy control persons) completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). The association between CTQ scores and markers of systemic DNA and RNA damage by oxidation as measured by urinary excretion of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo) levels, respectively, was investigated.

Results
In multiple regression models adjusted for sex- and age, 8-oxodG and 8-oxoGuo levels were found to be higher in individuals who had experienced more childhood maltreatment. These associations persisted in models additionally adjusted for body mass index, alcohol, and current smoking status. Emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional neglect were principally responsible for the foregoing associations.

Conclusions
Our findings of an association between childhood maltreatment and oxidative stress markers suggest that childhood maltreatment overall, notably emotional abuse and emotional neglect, is associated with enhanced systemic damage to DNA and RNA in adulthood. Further, individuals with AD reported a higher prevalence of childhood maltreatment, which may induce higher levels of nucleoside damage by oxidation in adulthood, possibly leading to increased risk of developing AD. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify this relationship further.
A History of the Institutionalization of Feminist Economics through Its Tensions and Founders
Authors: Espinel Camila Orozco , Betancourt Rebeca Gomez 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFeminist economics was produced by the deployment of relatively diverse research under a single academic label. This article offers a global picture of the first years of feminist economics. Focusing on the heterogeneity of the approaches that coexist in the field—and the porosity among them—this article proposes an answer to the question, How does feminist economics persist as an approach and a community even though both are quite diverse? The three tensions studied were as follows: the tension between the Women's Caucus of the Union for Radical Political Economics and the Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession, along with the role played by the sessions organized during the ASSA conferences; the tension between the different methodologies used by feminist economists; and the tension surrounding the place of feminist economics in the discipline. We identified different elements to understand how feminist economists coexist under the same umbrella. Feminist economists' common frustration about economics' resistance to including feminist perspectives is central. The main sources for this paper are seventeen semistructured interviews we conducted in 2019 and 2020 aiming to collect the oral histories of selected feminist economists closely related to the beginning of the institutionalization process of the field.
Tracing Barbara Bergmann's Occupational Crowding Hypothesis: A Recent History
Authors: Small Sarah F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Barbara Bergmann was well known for many contributions to economics, but she was perhaps most famous for her 1971 occupational crowding hypothesis. The hypothesis was published during a surge of literature on the economics of discrimination, and it temporarily stood among the mainstream neoclassical theories before being relegated primarily to feminist and stratification economics. This article situates the crowding hypothesis among contemporary competing theories on the economics of discrimination and explains why it did not last in the mainstream camp. Despite Bergmann's neoclassical framing, the model's conclusions did not align with models of perfect competition and more closely aligned with heterodox perspectives on group power and conflict.
The Fruits of Demolition: Generative Neglect in Zhengzhou's Urban Villages
Authors: Steffen Megan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Drawing on over twenty-four months of ethnographic fieldwork conducted between March 2013 and January 2018 in Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan Province, this article identifies neglect as a generative process. It demonstrates three related points: (1) that neglect generates new economic, social, and aesthetic forms; (2) that neglect in the PRC is marked by a historically informed temporality that presumes the state's continued interference; (3) that an expectation of neglect reifies the government as that which neglects. For years, Zhengzhou's urban villages were the best place to observe what neglect made possible, as migrants, students, entrepreneurs, and illegal enterprises took advantage of cheap rents and a lack of regulation. Just after the Spring Festival in 2014, however, the government announced that all urban villages would be demolished by the end of the year. This article examines key players in the demolitions, such as the chaierdai 拆二代 (rich-through-demolition), zhengfu 政府 (government), renmin 人民 (people), residents of the urban core, and evicted migrant workers. Looking at who benefits from the literal and metaphorical fruits of demolition reveals how the uneven temporality of official neglect challenges the PRC's narrative of constant progress.