bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Informal care-givers' attitudes towards medical assistance in dying for persons with dementia
Authors: Bravo Gina , Van den Block Lieve , Downie Jocelyn , Arcand Marcel , Kaasalainen Sharon , Pautex Sophie , Trottier Lise 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMedical assistance in dying (MAID) is legal in Canada but cannot be accessed through an advance request. Some data suggest that informal care-givers of persons with dementia support the legalisation of advance requests for MAID. Opponents argue that care-givers' support is due to society's failure to address their well-documented burden and unmet needs. To our knowledge, this assumption has never been tested. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted a survey among 204 Canadian informal care-givers of persons with dementia to (a) elicit their attitudes towards allowing no longer competent adults to access MAID through an advance request, and (b) test the hypothesis that attitudes are in part driven by the level of burden experienced by care-givers and unmet needs for support. Attitudes were elicited with a clinical vignette involving a woman with Alzheimer's disease who requests MAID while still competent, or through an advance request for the time after she would lose decisional capacity. Informal care-givers' support for MAID ranged from 60 per cent in the scenario where the person is still competent and likely has several more years to live, to 87 per cent when she is depicted as no longer competent, in severe distress and close to death. Quality-of-life considerations and the value of self-determination were key arguments in support of legalising advance requests for MAID. Using multivariable logistic regression, we found no evidence that burden and unmet support needs influence attitudes towards advance requests for MAID, after controlling for other determinants. These findings contribute new insights into people's attitudes towards the sensitive issue of whether MAID should be extended to persons with dementia-induced decisional incapacity.
Context-Dependent Learning of Linguistic Disjunction
Authors: JASBI Masoud , JAGGI Akshay , CLARK Eve V. , FRANK Michael C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhat are the constraints, cues, and mechanisms that help learners create successful word-meaning mappings? This study takes up linguistic disjunction and looks at cues and mechanisms that can help children learn the meaning of or. We first used a large corpus of parent-child interactions to collect statistics on or uses. Children started producing or between 18-30 months and by 42 months, their rate of production reached a plateau. Second, we annotated for the interpretation of disjunction in child-directed speech. Parents used or mostly as exclusive disjunction, typically accompanied by rise-fall intonation and logically inconsistent disjuncts. But when these two cues were absent, disjunction was generally not exclusive. Our computational modeling suggests that an ideal learner could successfully interpret an English disjunction (as exclusive or not) by mapping forms to meanings after partitioning the input according to the intonational and logical cues available in child-directed speech.
Healthcare Priorities: The “Young” and the “Old”
Authors: Davies Ben 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSome philosophers and segments of the public think age is relevant to healthcare priority-setting. One argument for this is based in equity: “Old” patients have had either more of a relevant good than “young” patients or enough of that good and so have weaker claims to treatment. This article first notes that some discussions of age-based priority that focus in this way on old and young patients exhibit an ambiguity between two claims: that patients classified as old should have a low priority, and that patients classified as young should have high priority. The author next argues, drawing on a problem raised by Christine Overall, that equity cannot justify giving “old” patients low priority, since there is wide variety in the total lifetime experiences of older people, partly influenced by gender, race, class, and disability injustice. Finally, the author suggests that there might be a limited role for age-based prioritization in the context of infant and childhood death, since those who die in childhood are always and uncontroversially among the worst-off.
The benefits and barriers of geographical indications to producers: A review
Authors: Cardoso Vitória Aparecida , Lourenzani Ana Elisa Bressan Smith , Caldas Marcellus Marques , Bernardo Cristiane Hengler Corrêa , Bernardo Roberto 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConsumers are increasingly demanding information regarding the characteristics of products, their place of origin and methods of production. A Geographical Indication (GI) can be understood as a way to meet these demands, as it protects the origin of the product, as well as its characteristics. In addition to contributing to territorial development, GI signs have the potential to add value to products and help producers to become more competitive. However, some authors argue that there are barriers that can prevent the benefits of GI from reaching producers. Therefore, this article aims to identify the barriers and benefits of GI for producers. To reach this end, a Systematic Literature Review was carried out. As a result, it was observed that among the main benefits offered by the GI are higher prices, access to markets and preservation of cultural identity. Regarding the challenges, it was highlighted the existence of inefficient institutions, organizational problems, power asymmetry and appropriation of value by the most powerful agents of the supply chain. To conclude, this paper shows that the difficulties and benefits of GI to producers are not absolute and vary from region to region. In this sense, further research on the impact of GI, especially in developing countries, is necessary. The results here presented may be used as a base for future research that search to identify the importance of GI for producers and may also contribute to the development of actions or public policies related to GI.
Thematic analysis using the Schwartz values theory: exploring the use of values appeals in persuasive speech during COVID-19 in Australia
Authors: Botterill Linda Courtenay , Lewis Niobe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Schwartz theory of personal values has been used extensively, and almost exclusively quantitatively, by researchers to increase understanding of the impact of values on human behaviour. While it provides a well-tested methodology and common language, the approach has been limited by its reliance on survey work, in which the researcher asks participants questions of interest, and then correlates these with respondents’ self-reporting of their values. There is limited qualitative work that has drawn on the insights of the Schwartz theory. The main exception is based on a lexicon of values words derived from Schwartz’s work which has been used to identify dominant societal values across time. We are proposing that the Schwartz theory can also be used to analyse values appeals in persuasive speech. Using thematic analysis of an example of political persuasion, we illustrate how Schwartz’s values work can be further adapted for qualitative research.
Modeling the Effects of Drift Orbit Bifurcation on Radiation Belt Electrons
Authors: Huang Jinbei , Tu Weichao , Eshetu W. W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDrift orbit bifurcation (DOB) has been suggested to play a major role in the loss and transport of radiation belt electrons since it violates the second adiabatic invariants of particles and makes the third invariant undefined. Results from our guiding‐center test particle simulations using the Tsyganenko‐1989c magnetic field model show that the DOB could affect a broad region of the outer radiation belt, which can penetrate inside the geosynchronous orbit at Kp ≥ 3, and its effects are more significant further away from the Earth, at a higher Kp and for higher electron energies. Specifically, the short‐term simulation results after one electron drift show both traditional and nontraditional DOB transport of electrons, with the nontraditional DOB, caused by a third minimum of the magnetic field strength near the equator, reported here for the first time. Moreover, our results show large ballistic jumps in the second invariant and radial distance for electrons at high equatorial pitch angles after one drift. In addition, long‐term DOB transport coefficients of electrons over many drifts are calculated based on our simulation results. We find that the pitch angle and radial diffusion coefficients of electrons due to DOB could be comparable to or even larger than those caused by electron interactions with chorus and Ultra‐Low‐Frequency waves, respectively. In sum, our results demonstrate that DOB could cause effective loss and transport of radiation belt electrons even in the absence of waves.
Spatially Varying in CO2 Concentrations Regulates Carbon Uptake in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Peng Jing , Dan Li , Ying Kairan , Xu Dan , Tang Xiba 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAgainst the current climate change background, the mid–high latitudes (>23.7°N) of the Northern Hemisphere have experienced an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, which is higher than the global average. An Beijing Normal University–Earth System Model was used in this study to estimate the carbon uptake in the mid–high latitudes from 2031 to 2060 under the SSP5‐8.5 future emissions scenario. Results showed that, in the high latitudes, non‐uniform CO2 led to a reduction in net ecosystem productivity (NEP) by −0.1 Pg C yr−1. This mainly resulted from a 1.5‐fold greater increase in heterotrophic respiration than in net primary productivity (NPP). In the mid‐latitudes, meanwhile, the decrease in carbon uptake was generally due to a two‐fold greater decrease in NPP than heterotrophic respiration. The decrease in precipitation was closely correlated with local carbon uptake, which could explain this decrease in NPP. It was further found that, in East Asia, changes in atmospheric circulation induced by the non‐uniform CO2 might have reduced the amount of large‐scale precipitation by −9 mm yr−1. This reduction was the primary contributor (98%) to the decrease in overall precipitation, possibly strengthening the limitation of water on plant growth, which would cause a decline in NEP. In the future, it is suggested that such spatially varying CO2 concentrations should be assessed for possible impacts on local carbon uptake.
Spanning the Gap From Bulk to Bin: A Novel Spectral Microphysics Method
Authors: de Jong E. K. , Bischoff T. , Nadim A. , Schneider T. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMicrophysics methods for climate models and numerical weather prediction typically track one, two, or three moments of a droplet size distribution for various categories of liquid, ice, and aerosol. Such methods rely on conversion parameters between these categories, which introduces uncertainty into predictions. While higher‐fidelity options such as bin and Lagrangian schemes exist, they require too many degrees of freedom for climate modeling applications and introduce numerical challenges. Here we introduce a flexible spectral microphysics method based on collocation of basis functions. This method generalizes to a linear bulk scheme when using few basis functions and to a smoothed bin scheme with more degrees of freedom. Tested in an idealized box setting, the method improves spectral accuracy for droplet collision‐coalescence and may eliminate the need for precipitation autoconversion rates required by bulk methods; furthermore, it generalizes well to multimodal distributions with less complexity than a bin method. The potential to extend this collocation representation to multiple hydrometeor classes suggests a path forward to unify liquid, ice, and aerosol microphysics in a single, flexible, computational framework for climate modeling.
The associations of maternal and paternal obesity with latent patterns of offspring BMI development between 7 and 17 years of age: pooled analyses of cohorts born in 1958 and 2001 in the United Kingdom
Authors: Johnson William , Pereira Snehal M. Pinto , Costa Silvia , Baker Jennifer L. , Norris Tom 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective
We aimed to 1) describe how the UK obesity epidemic reflects a change over time in the proportion of the population demonstrating adverse latent patterns of BMI development and 2) investigate the potential roles of maternal and paternal BMI in this secular process.

Methods
We used serial BMI data between 7 and 17 years of age from 13220 boys and 12711 girls. Half the sample was born in 1958 and half in 2001. Sex-specific growth mixture models were developed. The relationships of maternal and paternal BMI and weight status with class membership were estimated using the 3-step BCH approach, with covariate adjustment.

Results
The selected models had five classes. For each sex, in addition to the two largest normal weight classes, there were “normal weight increasing to overweight” (17% of boys and 20% of girls), “overweight increasing to obesity” (8% and 6%), and “overweight decreasing to normal weight” (3% and 6%) classes. More than 1-in-10 children from the 2001 birth cohort were in the “overweight increasing to obesity” class, compared to less than 1-in-30 from the 1958 birth cohort. Approximately 75% of the mothers and fathers of this class had overweight or obesity. When considered together, both maternal and paternal BMI were associated with latent class membership, with evidence of negative departure from additivity (i.e., the combined effect of maternal and paternal BMI was smaller than the sum of the individual effects). The odds of a girl belonging to the “overweight increasing to obesity” class (compared to the largest normal weight class) was 13.11 (8.74, 19.66) times higher if both parents had overweight or obesity (compared to both parents having normal weight); the equivalent estimate for boys was 9.01 (6.37, 12.75).

Conclusions
The increase in obesity rates in the UK over more than 40 years has been partly driven by the growth of a sub-population demonstrating excess BMI gain during adolescence. Our results implicate both maternal and paternal BMI as correlates of this secular process.
Novel long noncoding RNA LINC02820 augments TNF signaling pathway to remodel cytoskeleton and potentiate metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Jing , Huang Tie-Jun , Mei Yan , Luo Fei-Fei , Xie De-Huan , Peng Li-Xia , Liu Bao-Qi , Fan Mei-Ling , Zhang Jiang-Bo , Zheng Shu-Tao , Qian Chao-Nan , Huang Bi-Jun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in China. However, there are no targets to treat ESCC because the molecular mechanism behind the cancer is still unclear. Here, we found a novel long noncoding RNA LINC02820 was upregulated in ESCC and associated with the ESCC clinicopathological stage. Through a series of functional experiments, we observed that LINC02820 only promoted the migration and invasion capabilities of ESCC cell lines. Mechanically, we found that LINC02820 may affect the cytoskeletal remodeling, interact with splice factor 3B subunit 3 (SF3B3), and cooperate with TNFα to amplify the NF-κB signaling pathway, which can lead to ESCC metastasis. Overall, our findings revealed that LINC02820 is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the diagnosis and treatment of ESCC.
Novel protein complexes containing autophagy and UPS components regulate proteasome-dependent PARK2 recruitment onto mitochondria and PARK2-PARK6 activity during mitophagy
Authors: Kocaturk Nur Mehpare , Peker Nesibe , Eberhart Karin , Akkoc Yunus , Deveci Gamze , Dengjel Joern , Gozuacik Devrim 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAutophagy is an evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic cellular mechanism through which cytosolic fragments, misfolded/aggregated proteins and organelles are degraded and recycled. Priming of mitochondria through ubiquitylation is required for the clearance the organelle by autophagy (mitophagy). Familial Parkinson’s Disease-related proteins, including the E3-ligase PARK2 (PARKIN) and the serine/threonine kinase PARK6 (PINK1) control these ubiquitylation reactions and contribute to the regulation of mitophagy. Here we describe, novel protein complexes containing autophagy protein ATG5 and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) components. We discovered that ATG5 interacts with PSMA7 and PARK2 upon mitochondrial stress. Results suggest that all three proteins translocate mitochondria and involve in protein complexes containing autophagy, UPS and mitophagy proteins. Interestingly, PARK2 and ATG5 recruitment onto mitochondria requires proteasome components PSMA7 and PSMB5. Strikingly, we discovered that subunit of 20 S proteasome, PSMA7, is required for the progression of PARK2-PARK6-mediated mitophagy and the proteasome activity following mitochondrial stress. Our results demonstrate direct, dynamic and functional interactions between autophagy and UPS components that contribute to the regulation of mitophagy.
Emergence of distinct electronic states in epitaxially-fused PbSe quantum dot superlattices
Authors: Kavrik Mahmut S. , Hachtel Jordan A. , Ko Wonhee , Qian Caroline , Abelson Alex , Unlu Eyup B. , Kashyap Harshil , Li An-Ping , Idrobo Juan C. , Law Matt 
Published: November 2022

AbstractQuantum coupling in arrayed nanostructures can produce novel mesoscale properties such as electronic minibands to improve the performance of optoelectronic devices, including ultra-efficient solar cells and infrared photodetectors. Colloidal PbSe quantum dots (QDs) that self-assemble into epitaxially-fused superlattices (epi-SLs) are predicted to exhibit such collective phenomena. Here, we show the emergence of distinct local electronic states induced by crystalline necks that connect individual PbSe QDs and modulate the bandgap energy across the epi-SL. Multi-probe scanning tunneling spectroscopy shows bandgap modulation from 0.7 eV in the QDs to 1.1 eV at their necks. Complementary monochromated electron energy-loss spectroscopy demonstrates bandgap modulation in spectral mapping, confirming the presence of these distinct energy states from necking. The results show the modification of the electronic structure of a precision-made nanoscale superlattice, which may be leveraged in new optoelectronic applications.
An alternative splicing modulator decreases mutant HTT and improves the molecular fingerprint in Huntington’s disease patient neurons
Authors: Krach Florian , Stemick Judith , Boerstler Tom , Weiss Alexander , Lingos Ioannis , Reischl Stephanie , Meixner Holger , Ploetz Sonja , Farrell Michaela , Hehr Ute , Kohl Zacharias , Winner Beate , Winkler Juergen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHuntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by poly-Q expansion in the Huntingtin (HTT) protein. Here, we delineate elevated mutant HTT (mHTT) levels in patient-derived cells including fibroblasts and iPSC derived cortical neurons using mesoscale discovery (MSD) HTT assays. HD patients’ fibroblasts and cortical neurons recapitulate aberrant alternative splicing as a molecular fingerprint of HD. Branaplam is a splicing modulator currently tested in a phase II study in HD (NCT05111249). The drug lowers total HTT (tHTT) and mHTT levels in fibroblasts, iPSC, cortical progenitors, and neurons in a dose dependent manner at an IC50 consistently below 10 nM without inducing cellular toxicity. Branaplam promotes inclusion of non-annotated novel exons. Among these Branaplam-induced exons, there is a 115 bp frameshift-inducing exon in the HTT transcript. This exon is observed upon Branaplam treatment in Ctrl and HD patients leading to a profound reduction of HTT RNA and protein levels. Importantly, Branaplam ameliorates aberrant alternative splicing in HD patients’ fibroblasts and cortical neurons. These findings highlight the applicability of splicing modulators in the treatment of CAG repeat disorders and decipher their molecular effects associated with the pharmacokinetic and -dynamic properties in patient-derived cellular models.
Selective PROTAC-mediated degradation of SMARCA2 is efficacious in SMARCA4 mutant cancers
Authors: Cantley Jennifer , Ye Xiaofen , Rousseau Emma , Januario Tom , Hamman Brian D. , Rose Christopher M. , Cheung Tommy K. , Hinkle Trent , Soto Leofal , Quinn Connor , Harbin Alicia , Bortolon Elizabeth , Chen Xin , Haskell Roy , Lin Eva , Yu Shang-Fan , Del Rosario Geoff , Chan Emily , Dunlap Debra , Koeppen Hartmut , Martin Scott , Merchant Mark , Grimmer Matt , Broccatelli Fabio , Wang Jing , Pizzano Jennifer , Dragovich Peter S. , Berlin Michael , Yauch Robert L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe mammalian SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) helicase SMARCA4 is frequently mutated in cancer and inactivation results in a cellular dependence on its paralog, SMARCA2, thus making SMARCA2 an attractive synthetic lethal target. However, published data indicates that achieving a high degree of selective SMARCA2 inhibition is likely essential to afford an acceptable therapeutic index, and realizing this objective is challenging due to the homology with the SMARCA4 paralog. Herein we report the discovery of a potent and selective SMARCA2 proteolysis-targeting chimera molecule (PROTAC), A947. Selective SMARCA2 degradation is achieved in the absence of selective SMARCA2/4 PROTAC binding and translates to potent in vitro growth inhibition and in vivo efficacy in SMARCA4 mutant models, compared to wild type models. Global ubiquitin mapping and proteome profiling reveal no unexpected off-target degradation related to A947 treatment. Our study thus highlights the ability to transform a non-selective SMARCA2/4-binding ligand into a selective and efficacious in vivo SMARCA2-targeting PROTAC, and thereby provides a potential new therapeutic opportunity for patients whose tumors contain SMARCA4 mutations.
An improved 9 micron thick separator for a 350 Wh/kg lithium metal rechargeable pouch cell
Authors: Chang Zhi , Yang Huijun , Pan Anqiang , He Ping , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe use of separators that are thinner than conventional separators (> 20 µm) would improve the energy densities and specific energies of lithium batteries. However, thinner separators increase the risk of internal short circuits from lithium dendrites formed in both lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries. Herein, we grow metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) inside the channels of a polypropylene separator (8 µm thick) using current-driven electrosynthesis, which aggregates the electrolyte in the MOF channels. Compared to unmodified polypropylene separators, the MOF-modified separator (9 µm thick) vastly improves the cycling stability and dendrite resistance of cells assembled with Li metal anodes and carbonate-based electrolytes. As a demonstration, a 354 Wh kg−1 pouch cell with a lithium metal anode and LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA)-based cathode (N/P = 3.96) is assembled with 9 µm layer of the MOF-modified separator and retains 80% of its capacity after 200 cycles (charged at 75 mA g−1, discharged at 100 mA g−1) at 25 °C.