bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal Complexity Measure of Reaction Time Series: Operational vs. Chronological Time
Authors: Mahmoodi Korosh , Kerick Scott E. , Grigolini Paolo , West Bruce J. , Franaszczuk Piotr J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) is a well-known method to evaluate scaling indices of time series, categorizing the dynamics of complex systems. In the literature, DFA has been used to study the fluctuations of reaction time RT(n) time series, where n is the trial number. Herein we propose treating each RT(n) as a duration time that changes the representation from operational (trial) time n to chronological (temporal) time t, or RT(t). To do this, we fill each time interval of RT(n) with fixed noise of magnitude 1 and with a randomly determined sign. The fixed noise represents the rigidity (order) and the random change of sign represents the flexibility (randomness) of the generated time series RT(t). Then the DFA algorithm was applied to RT(t) time series to evaluate scaling indices. We show that this new perspective leads to better results in: 1) differentiating scaling indices between low vs. high time-stress conditions and 2) predicting task performance outcomes. The dataset we analyzed is based on a Go-NoGo shooting task which was performed by 30 participants under low and high time-stress conditions in each of six repeated sessions over a three week period.
Investigating nurses' knowledge and attitudes about Delirium in older persons: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Papaioannou Maria , Papastavrou Evridiki , Kouta Christiana , Tsangari Haritini , Merkouris Anastasios 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction:
Delirium is the most common emergency problem for elderly hospitalized patients, which needs urgent treatment, otherwise it can lead to negative patient outcomes. Nurses through their knowledge and competencies are in a key position for early recognition of delirium facilitating the appropriate treatment and management.
Aim
This study aims to increase the understanding of delirium care by exploring both knowledge and attitudes of nurses toward patients in acute care hospital wards and the possible association between these two variables.
Method
The Nurses Knowledge of Delirium Questionnaire (NKD) and the Attitude Tool of Delirium (ATOD) that was developed for the study purposes, were disseminated to 835 nurses in the four biggest Public Hospitals of the Republic, working in departments with increased frequency of delirium (response rate = 67%).
Results
Nurses' knowledge of acute confusion/delirium is limited. The average of the correct answers was 42.2%. Only 38% of the participants reported a correct definition of delirium, 41,6 correctly reported the tools to identify delirium and 42.5 answered correctly on the factors leading to delirium development. The results of the attitudes questionnaire showed that their attitudes towards patients with delirium weren’t positive. A correlation between the level of nurses’ knowledge and attitudes was also found. Factors found to influence the level of knowledge and attitudes were gender, education, and workplace.
Conclusions
The findings of this study are useful for the international audience since they can be used to develop educational programs that can focus on the specific knowledge deficits and attitudes towards patients with delirium. The development of a valid and reliable instrument for the measurement of attitudes also offers the possibility of assessing nurses’ attitudes further. Nationally, the results are even more important and useful since there are no data on the subject area and this study is the first of this kind in the country.
Motility-induced Phase Separation is Reentrant
Authors: Hou Zhong-Huai , Jiang Huijun , Feng Meng-Kai , Su Jie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Active Brownian particles (ABPs) with pure repulsion is an ideal model to understand the effect of nonequilibrium on collective behaviors. It has long been established that activity can create effective attractions leading to motility-induced phase separation (MIPS), whose role is similar to that of (inverse) temperature in the simplest equilibrium system with attractive inter-particle interactions. Here, we report both theoretically and numerically that activity can lead to a counterintuitive MIPS reentrance, which is completely different from the phase behavior of equilibrium systems. Our theoretical analysis based on a kinetic theory of MIPS shows that a new type of activity-induced nonequilibrium vaporization is able to hinder the formation of dense phase when activity is large enough. Such nonequilibrium vaporization along with the activity-induced effective attraction thus lead to the MIPS reentrance. Numerical simulations verify such nonequilibrium effect induced solely by activity on phase behaviors of ABPs, and further demonstrate the dependence of MIPS on activity and the strength of inter-particle interaction predicted by our theoretical analysis. Our findings highlight the unique role played by the nonequilibrium nature of activity on phase behaviors of active systems, which may inspire deep insights into the essential difference between equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems.
Fluorescence tagged salivary exosomes as a nano tool in early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: KUMAR SAROJ , RASTOGI SIMRAN , RANI KOMAL , RAI SANSKRITI , SINGH RISHABH , Sharma Vaibhav , BHARTI PRAHALAD , KAPOOR VRINDA , VISHWAKARMA POORVI , Gholap Shivaji , INAMPUDI KRISHNA , MODI GYAN , RANI NEERJA , TRIPATHI MADHAVI , SRIVAST ACHAL , RAJAN ROOPA , Nikolajeff Fredrik 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is generally asymptomatic at earlier stages. The pressing need is for the susceptibility risk biomarkers, that can aid in better diagnosis and therapeutics as well can objectively serve to measure the endpoint of disease progression. The role of exosomes in progression of neurodegenerative diseases is already reported and its cargo could be potent in playing a revolutionary role in biomarker discovery. In our study, the salivary exosomes were efficiently isolated by chemical precipitation from subjects (PD = 70, healthy controls = 26 and probable PD = 08) followed by antibody-based validation through CD63, CD9, GAPDH, flotillin 1, L1CAM, and calnexin. Morphological characterization of the isolated exosomes through transmission elcetrom microscopy (TEM). The exosome quantification via fluorescence and antibody-based nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The total alpha-synuclein (α-syntotal) in salivary exosomal cargo was quantified by ELISA. The disease severity staging confirmation was done by 99mTc-TRODAT-SPECT. We observed a significant increase in total exosome concentration in PD patients than the healthy control (HC) where fluorescence-tagged exosomes were observed to be higher in PD (p < 0.0001) than the HC using NTA with a sensitivity of 94.34%. This results was validated through exosomes tagged with antibody CD63 (p = 0.006) with a similar sensitivity of 94.12%. We further validated our findings with the ELISA-based α-syntotal concentration in exosomes where it was observed to be higher in PD with a sensitivity of 88.24%. The striatal binding ratios in 99mTc-TRODAT-SPECT shown positive correlation with fluorescent exosomes concentration r = 0.3000, α-syntotal concentration r = 0.8000. In this study for the first time we have found that the fluorescence tagged exosomes has potential to screen the progression of disease with clinically acceptable sensitivity and can be a potent early detection method for PD.
Correlation between preoperative body composition and postoperative muscle volume and degeneration after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Ukai Taku , Yokoyama Katsuya , Watanabe Masahiko 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Impaired muscle recovery after total hip arthroplasty (THA) may greatly affect gait and activities of daily living. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) may be used to assess body composition and muscle volume and computed tomography (CT) may be used for assessing muscle volume and, using Hounsfield units, fatty degeneration of muscle. This study aimed to assess the correlation between preoperative body composition and postoperative muscle volume and degeneration after THA using BIA and CT. Methods: Thirty-seven patients who underwent THA and had BIA and CT performed both pre- and postoperatively were retrospectively assessed. Body composition measurements, specifically the fat mass index, fat-free mass index, and phase angle, were recorded using BIA. Pre- and postoperative muscle volume and Hounsfield units of the gluteus maximus and quadriceps of the affected hip were measured using CT. The correlation between preoperative body composition measurements and postoperative muscle volume and Hounsfield units of the gluteus maximus and quadriceps was evaluated. Results: Preoperative fat mass index negatively correlated with postoperative muscle volume of the gluteus maximus (P=0.02) and quadriceps (P<0.001) and the Hounsfield units of the gluteus maximus (P=0.03) and quadriceps (P=0.03). Preoperative fat-free mass index positively correlated with postoperative muscle volume of the quadriceps (P=0.02). Preoperative phase angle positively correlated with postoperative muscle volume of the quadriceps (P=0.001) and the Hounsfield units of the gluteus maximus (P=0.03) and quadriceps (P=0.001). Conclusion: In patients who underwent THA, preoperative body composition correlated with postoperative muscle volume and fatty degeneration of the affected lower limb. Preoperative body composition may be useful for predicting postoperative muscle volume and fatty degeneration and thus the extent of postoperative recovery.
Comprehensive genome-wide analysis and expression pattern profiling of the SlHVA22 gene family unravels their likely involvement in the abiotic stress adaptation of tomato
Authors: Wai Antt Htet , Waseem Muhammad , Cho Lae-Hyeon , Kim Sang Tae , Lee Do-jin , Kim Chang-Kil , Chung Mi-Young 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: HVA22 family proteins with a conserved TB2/DP1/HVA22 domain are ubiquitous in eukaryotes. HVA22 family genes have been identified in a variety of plant species. However, there has been no comprehensive genome-wide analysis of HVA22 family genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Results: In the present study, we identified 15 non-redundant SlHVA22 genes with three segmentally duplicated gene pairs on 8 of the 12 tomato chromosomes. The predicted three-dimensional (3D) models and gene ontology (GO) annotations of SlHVA22 proteins pointed to their putative transporter activity and ability to bind to diverse ligands. The co-expression of SlHVA22 genes with various genes implicated in multiple metabolic pathways and localization of SlHVA22-GFP fused proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum suggested that they might have a variety of biological functions, including vesicular transport in stressed cells. Comprehensive expression analysis revealed that SlHVA22 genes were differentially expressed in various organs and in response to abiotic stress conditions. The predominant expression of SlHVA22i at the ripening stage and that of SlHVA22g, SlHVA22k and SlHVA22l in fruits at most developmental stages suggested their probable involvement in tomato fruit development and ripening. Moreover, transcript expression of most tomato HVA22 genes, particularly SlHVA22b, SlHVA22i, SlHVA22k, SlHVA22l, SlHVA22m and SlHVA22n, was affected by abscisic acid (ABA) and diverse abiotic stress treatments, indicating the likely involvement of these genes in tomato abiotic stress responses in an ABA-dependent manner. Conclusions: Overall, our findings provide a foundation to better understand the structures and functional roles of SlHVA22 genes, many of which might be useful to improve the abiotic stress tolerance and fruit quality of tomato through marker-assisted backcrossing or transgenic approaches.
Effects of latitude and altitude on the composition of humus in forest soils in the Low Latitude Plateau
Authors: Zhou Hong , Yan Youjin , Dai Quanhou , He Zhongjun , Yi Xingsong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The forest soil humus carbon pool is a significant part of the global carbon cycle. However, there are currently few reports on the pattern of distribution of latitude and altitude and influencing factors on humus carbon in forest soils, although it is highly important to explore the decomposition, mechanism of transformation and storage of soil carbon in forests. We measured the contents of surface soil organic carbon (SOC), humic acid carbon (HAC), fulvic acid carbon (FAC) and humin carbon(HMC) in forest soils of low-latitude and high-altitude and clarified the characteristics and influencing factors of the changes in humus at different latitudes and altitudes. The results showed that the composition of SOC and HAC increased with the increase in latitude and altitude. The influence of altitude on the composition of humus carbon was significant at latitudes of 23°N ~ 25°N but not at other latitudes. The soil moisture content and the C/N were the primary factors that affected the soil SOC and HMC in high latitude and altitude areas. The soil HAC and FAC at low latitudes and altitudes are primarily affected by the mean annual temperature, pH and amount of silt. Therefore, when assessing forest soil carbon sequestration, the focus on should be on carbon sequestration in high-latitude and high-altitude areas. This study revealed the characteristics and influencing factors of soil humus carbon composition in low-latitude and high-altitude regions of China and provide a reference for the evaluation of soil carbon storage in complex terrain and climatic regions of the world.
Relating soil physical properties to other soil properties and crop yields
Authors: Sainju Upendra M. , Liptzin Daniel , Jabro Jalal D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Soil physical properties can be related to other soil properties and crop yields, but their evaluations as soil health indicators relating extensive soil properties and long-term crop yields need further exploration. We evaluated the long-term (14 and 36 yr) effect of cropping systems and N fertilizations on selected soil physical properties and related them to 66 soil physical, chemical, biological, and biochemical properties and mean crop yields across years at two dryland farming sites in the semiarid region of the northern Great Plains, USA. Methods: Treatments were rotations of no-tillage and conventional tillage spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), and fallow with or without N fertilization. Soil samples collected in April 2019 were analyzed for physical, chemical, biological, and biochemical properties and mean crop yields determined. Results: The average slake aggregate (ASA), wet aggregate stability index (WASI), and intact core available water holding capacity (IAWHC) were associated with most soil physical, chemical, biological, and biochemical properties and clay concentration was associated with nutrient concentrations. These parameters were also better related to mean crop yields across years than other soil physical properties. Conclusions: Because of enhanced relationship with soil properties and crop yields and simple and inexpensive measurement, ASA can be used as a potential soil health indicator in dryland cropping systems in the semiarid regions.
Plant genetic diversity affects interactions among multiple trophic levels
Authors: Wan Nian-Feng , Fu Liwan , Dainese Matteo , Hu Yue-Qing , Kiær Lars Pødenphant , Isbell Forest , Scherber Christoph 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Intraspecific diversity (genetic diversity) is an important component of biodiversity. A substantial body of evidence has demonstrated positive direct or indirect effects of plant genetic diversity on plant performance. However, it has remained unclear whether plant genetic diversity increases plant performance by reducing the pressure of plant-damaging organisms across trophic levels in different plant life forms, ecosystems and climatic zones. Here, we analyse 4702 effect sizes reported in 413 studies that consider effects of plant genetic diversity on trophic groups and their interactions. We found that increasing plant genetic diversity decreases the performance of plant-damaging organisms including invertebrate herbivores, weeds, plant-feeding nematodes and plant diseases, while increasing the performance of plants and natural enemies of herbivores. We also provide evidence that plant genetic diversity increases plant performance by reducing plant-damaging organism pressure. These results reveal that plant genetic diversity often influences multiple trophic levels in ways that enhance natural pest control in managed ecosystems and consumer control of plants in natural ecosystems for sustainable plant production.
A nurse-inserted Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter program in General Pediatrics: A single-center experience
Authors: Yu Zhuowen , Hu Xiaojing , Xu Xiaofeng , Lin Lili , Gu Ying , Zhou Jianguo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background A peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) with its tip preferably in the vena cava is essential in caring patients with chronic conditions in general pediatrics. However, the information regarding the experience is limited. Objectives To share the experience of a nurse-inserted peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) program initiated in a general pediatric department. Methods A retrospective descriptive cohort study based on prospectively collected data was conducted. All PICCs inserted in the departments of gastroenterology and pulmonology in a tertiary pediatric center from Dec. 2015 to Dec. 2019 were included in the study. Complications and risk factors were analyzed by comparing cases with and without complications. We also reported arm movements in malpositioned PICC corrections. Results There were 169 cases with a median(IQR) age of 42(6, 108) months who received PICC insertion during a 4-year period. Inflammatory bowel disease was the leading diagnosis accounting for 25.4%(43/169) of all cases. The overall complication rate was 16.4 per 1000 catheter days with malposition and obstruction as the two most common complications. Multivariate models performed by logistic regression demonstrated that young age [p=0.004, OR(95%CI) = 0.987(0.978, 0.996)] and small PICC diameter (1.9Fr, p=0.003, OR(95%CI) = 3.936(1.578, 9.818)] were risk factors for PICC complications. Correction of malpositioned catheters was attempted and all succeeded in 9 eligible cases by using arm movements. Conclusion The nurse-inserted PICC program in general pediatrics is feasible without causing high complication rate. PICC tip malposition and obstruction were two major PICC-related complications, when low age and small catheter lumina were major risk factors. Furtherly, arm manipulation potentially is an easy and effective approach for correcting malpositioned newly-inserted PICC catheters.
Transcriptome-wide association study identifies novel genes associated with child body mineral density and lean body mass
Authors: Xu jiawen , Ma Jun , Zeng Yi , Si Haibo , Wu Yuangang , Zhang Shaoyun , Shen Bin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
To identify novel candidate genes, the expression of which are associated with child body mineral density (BMD) and body lean mass (LM).
Methods
The tissue specific transcriptome-wide association (TWAS) was conducted utilizing a large scale GWAS dataset of BMD and LM, totally involving 10,414 participants. The measurement of BMD and LM phenotypes was made by TB-DXA scans. TWAS was conducted by FUSION software. The reference panels of muscle skeleton (MS), peripheral blood (NBL) and whole blood (YBL) were used for TWAS analysis. Functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction analyses of the genes identified by TWAS were performed by the online tool of Metascape (http://metascape.org).
Results
For BMD, we detected 120, 86 and 174 genes with TWAS P value < 0.05 for MS, NBL and YBL respectively. We also identified 4 common BMD associated genes shared by MS, NBL and YBL, including ZSWIM7, FAM118A, CRIPAK and ZNF641. For LM, we detected 145, 94 and 208 genes with TWAS P value < 0.05 for MS, NBL and YBL respectively. And 3 genes were detected in all of MS, NBL and YBL, including IGHMBP2, TRIT1 and LTA4H. GO enrichment analysis of BMD associated genes detected 200 GO terms, such as steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway (LogP = -3.13), autophagy (LogP = -2.65), cellular response to glucocorticoid stimulus (LogP = -2.95). GO enrichment analysis of LM associated genes detected 287 GO terms, such as Diseases of carbohydrate metabolism (LogP = -2.43), regulation of lipid localization (LogP = -2.80) and lipid storage (LogP = -3.55).
Conclusion
This study identified several candidate genes for child BMD and LM, providing novel clues for revealing the genetic mechanism underlying the development of child BMD and LM.
The generalist – specialist continuum for sharks based on stable isotope analysis of dental collagen
Authors: Valdez Alyssa D , Trayler Robin B. , Tanaka Sho , Kim Sora Lee 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Dietary variability impacts food web dynamics and resource partitioning among individuals and species in a community. However, it is difficult to characterize the ecological niche of sharks, a mobile and long-lived predator. Stable isotope analysis allows the quantification of niche width since it incorporates both environmental and biological variation. Carbon isotope composition varies between marine productivity regimes while nitrogen isotope composition indicates trophic position, but baseline can vary with seasonal or regional shifts. We sampled dental collagen for stable isotope analysis. The conveyor-like growth of shark teeth provides a time series allowing for multiple measurements per individuals. We sampled 59 individuals from 11 species captured in 2005 at Suruga Bay, Japan (34°50'59.99" N 138°32'59.99" E). We estimated three ecological metrics based on stable isotope composition—standard ellipse area, convex hull area, and Pianka’s measure—which elucidated the extent of ecological variation and allowed comparisons among individuals and species. Our results show a significant positive correlation between dental collagen δ15N values and total length (r2 = 0.23; p = 2⨉10− 16), but individual variability had a low coefficient of determination. The variation in isotopic niche within and among individuals as well between species across all habitat types suggest that many species spanned the generalist – specialist continuum. Our findings indicate there are subtle ecological differences between species and among individuals; multiple measurements of carbon and nitrogen composition from multiple teeth series indicate variable ecological niches. Comparing patterns across habitats suggests sharks have complex food web dynamics with extensive individual- and species-level variation.