bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19): A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Jin Di , Wang Jing , Xue Jiaojiao , Zhao Yunyun , Yan Guanchi , Li Xiangyan , Wang Xiuge 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has become a global epidemic, and there is no specific treatment for anti‐COVID‐19 drugs. However, treatment of COVID‐19 using Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been widely practiced in China. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases were searched to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CHM in the treatment of COVID‐19. Twenty‐six studies were included in this meta‐analysis. The included cases were all patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 according to the “New Coronary Virus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Program,” with a total of 2,407 cases. Patients were treated with CHM, including 36 prescriptions, and 105 flavors of CHM were included. The results of the meta‐analysis showed that the CHM group improved in lung CT, clinical cure rate, clinical symptom score and time to negative for viral nucleic acid. However, this study still has many limitations due to the limited number of included studies. Therefore, high‐quality RCT studies are needed to provide more reliable evidence for CHM treatment of COVID‐19. In conclusion, CHM may significantly improve the clinical manifestations and laboratory indicators of patients with COVID‐19. In addition, no serious adverse reactions were found after CHM treatment. Therefore, CHM may be used as a potential candidate for COVID‐19.Highlights
COVID‐19 has become a global epidemic, and there is no specific treatment for anti‐COVID‐19 drugs.
CHM has made a new breakthrough in the treatment of COVID‐19.
CHM may relieve lung CT images of COVID‐19 patients.
CHM may improve clinical symptoms of COVID‐19 patients.
CHM may inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors in patients with COVID‐19.
Molecular stacking pattern effects in heterojunction of D18:Y6 organic solar cell
Authors: Zhao Miao , Zhang Cai‐Rong , Zhang Mei‐Ling , Liu Xiao‐Meng , Gong Ji‐Jun , Liu Zi‐Jiang , Chen Yu‐Hong , Chen Hong‐Shan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMolecular stacking modes that determine morphology of bulk‐heterojunctions are important because of their effects on photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, in order to investigate how molecular stacking pattern in OSCs heterojunction impact on electronic structures and properties, and then influence photovoltaic performance, this work selected D18:Y6 OSC as a representative system. On the basis of semi‐empirical quantum chemistry and density functional theory calculations, we studied the geometries, electronic structures and excitation properties, as well as electron and hole couplings of D18 and Y6 molecules, Y6 dimers, D18/Y6 and D18/Y6‐dimer complexes which are heterojunction interface models. The results indicate that the molecular stacking effects on open‐circuit voltage (VOC) can be attributed to the influences on charge transfer (CT) excitation energies because molecular stacking modes at donor/acceptor heterojunction interface can significantly change excitation energies. Furthermore, the molecular stacking modes can cause drastically different electron and hole couplings, and then affect charge transfer/transport rates. Hence, the molecular stacking effects on short‐circuit current density (JSC) can be understood from the effects on electron and hole couplings. The molecular stacking modes that are favorable to improving VOC and JSC of D18:Y6 OSC were also discussed.
1,4‐Naphthoquinone Analogs and Their Application as Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Wang Weiding , Chang Cheng‐Wei Tom , Zhang Qian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance threatens the effective prevention and treatment of an ever‐increasing range of infections caused by different types of bacteria. Addressing antibacterial resistance and protecting human health requires multi‐sectoral, long‐acting, and professional administration. Sustainable investment in the R&D of antimicrobial drugs is one of the critical strategies for solving the current problem. Specifically, the development of novel effective drug candidates with a unique mode of action is essential for overcoming antibacterial resistance. 1,4‐Naphthoquinone is a quinone derivative from naphthalene, one of the most important subclasses of quinone. 1,4‐Naphthoquinones have been studied as potential candidates against various diseases, including cancer and malaria, and are a promising new compound that can treat bacterial infections. This review focuses on 1,4‐naphthoquinone analogs for their activity against bacteria.
Water Quenched and Acceptor‐Doped Textured Piezoelectric Ceramics for Off‐Resonance and On‐Resonance Devices
Authors: Leng Haoyang , Wang Yu U. , Yan Yongke , Karan Sumanta Kumar , Wang Ke , Li Xiaotian , Fanton Mark , Fox Joshua J. , Priya Shashank 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPiezoelectric materials should simultaneously possess the soft properties (high piezoelectric coefficient, d33; high voltage coefficient, g33; high electromechanical coupling factor, k) and hard properties (high mechanical quality factor, Qm; low dielectric loss, tan δ) along with wide operation temperature (e.g., high rhombohedral–tetragonal phase transition temperature Tr–t) for covering off‐resonance (figure of merit (FOM), d33 × g33) and on‐resonance (FOM, Qm × k2) applications. However, achieving hard and soft piezoelectric properties simultaneously along with high transition temperature is quite challenging since these properties are inversely related to each other. Here, through a synergistic design strategy of combining composition/phase selection, crystallographic texturing, defect engineering, and water quenching technique, <001> textured 2 mol% MnO2 doped 0.19PIN‐0.445PSN‐0.365PT ceramics exhibiting giant FOM values of Qm × (227–261) along with high d33 × g33 (28–35 × 10−12 m2 N−1), low tan δ (0.3–0.39%) and high Tr–t of 140–190 °C, which is far beyond the performance of the state‐of‐the‐art piezoelectric materials, are fabricated. Further, a novel water quenching (WQ) room temperature poling technique, which results in enhanced piezoelectricity of textured MnO2 doped PIN‐PSN‐PT ceramics, is reported. Based upon the experiments and phase‐field modeling, the enhanced piezoelectricity is explained in terms of the quenching‐induced rhombohedral phase formation. These findings will have tremendous impact on development of high performance off‐resonance and on‐resonance piezoelectric devices with high stability.
Big milestones in the study of steel corrosion in concrete
Authors: Bolzoni Fabio , Ormellese Marco , Pedeferri Mariapia , Proverbio Edoardo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRebar corrosion in concrete has been neglected for a long time in the scientific and technical literature, as reinforced concrete was considered an “eternal” material. Only during the 60s, and more during the 70s and the 80s, several research groups and many corrosion schools gave important contributions. An important impact was also achieved by Italian researchers thanks to the Universities of Roma, Napoli, Ancona, Ferrara, Bergamo, and Politecnico di Milano, where professor Pietro Pedeferri and his school contributed to the study of stainless steel reinforcement, corrosion inhibitors, service life modeling, cathodic protection and cathodic prevention, the latter proposed by Pedeferri in the early 90s. The paper is dedicated to the memory of Pietro Pedeferri (1938–2008) and Luca Bertolini (1966–2017).
A Study on Thickness Estimation of Human Soft Tissue in a Sitting Position Using a Pressure Mapping System
Authors: Murakami Chisato , Kaneda Yasuaki , Nagata Kohki , Ohara Mamoru , Takahashi Makoto 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo predict the risk of pressure injuries in home‐care, it is important to quantify deformation of internal tissue. However, it is difficult for users in home‐care to use conventional modalities such as MRI because the modalities are expensive and not portable for the trunk. Therefore, we have developed a deformation estimation method in a sitting position with the use of machine learning and a low‐cost portable pressure mapping system. We defined the deformation as estimated soft tissue thickness values on each cell of pressure distribution. The thickness on a cell was estimated from measured pressure distribution and no‐load thickness. A no‐load thickness was prepared before estimation using a model. In this article, the estimation method was applied to two single‐layered phantoms which were constructed from wood as an ischial tuberosity and two gels as muscle and fat. The estimation errors were only 1.03% and 2.56% in the muscle and fat phantoms, respectively. We confirmed the estimation errors were adequately small values. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Partnership Models for R &D in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Iazzolino Gianpaolo , Bozzo Rita 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOver the last decades the complexity of R &D processes in the pharmaceutical industry have resulted in a decline in the efficiency of those processes. Despite financial resources used in R &D have increased over time the number of drugs developed has remained almost constant. The phenomenon is known as “Eroom’s Law”. In order to start growing R &D efficiency again, the business models of companies were reviewed by mainly implementing open innovation models that can simplify and shorten the drug development process. Pharmaceutical companies are increasingly outsourcing activities from the external environment. The R &D tasks that firms choose to outsource include a wide spectrum of activities from basic research to late-stage development: genetic engineering, target validation, assay development, hit exploration and lead optimization (hit candidates-as-a-service), safety and efficacy tests in animal models, and clinical trials involving humans. Terms such as crowdsourcing, innovation centers, R &D collaboration, and open source are becoming more and more common in the sector. Almost all the Big Pharma are striving to create collaborative networks that might allow them to be more efficient. Pharmaceutical companies are called upon to make a “make or buy” decision to determine whether it is more convenient to outsource these activities rather than exploiting internal resources for generating innovation. In a global context in which the stochastic view has become more suitable for interpreting phenomena the aim of this kind of decision is mainly related to decrease uncertainty. The aim of the chapter is to explore this topic by also providing data and examples.
Compressible Navier–Stokes Equations with Potential Temperature Transport: Stability of the Strong Solution and Numerical Error Estimates
Authors: Lukáčová-Medvid’ová Mária , Schömer Andreas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe present a dissipative measure-valued (DMV)-strong uniqueness result for the compressible Navier–Stokes system with potential temperature transport. We show that strong solutions are stable in the class of DMV solutions. More precisely, we prove that a DMV solution coincides with a strong solution emanating from the same initial data as long as the strong solution exists. As an application of the DMV-strong uniqueness principle we derive a priori error estimates for a mixed finite element-finite volume method. The numerical solutions are computed on polyhedral domains that approximate a sufficiently a smooth bounded domain, where the exact solution exists.
Machining GLARE fibre metal laminates: a comparative study on drilling effect between conventional and ultrasonic-assisted drilling
Authors: Giasin Khaled , Atif Muhammad , Ma Yuan , Jiang Chulin , Koklu Ugur , Sinke Jos 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
GLARE laminates are multi-layered metal-composite materials created from bonding sheets of metallic alloys with carbon or glass fibre layers. The application of hybrid-conventional machining processes such as ultrasonic-assisted drilling (UAD) is becoming of great interest to the aerospace industry due to its capability in reducing the cutting forces and tool wear which are directly responsible for drilling-induced delamination. There is rich literature on the conventional drilling (CD) of GLARE, but no work reported using UAD process. This study will fill this gap and investigate the UAD of GLARE laminates using an indigenously developed UAD system. The influence of spindle speed and feed rate on thrust force and surface roughness metrics (Ra and Rz) were investigated under CD and UAD regimes. The quality of the borehole and damage mechanisms in the laminate constituents was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The contribution of the drilling parameters on the measured outputs was further evaluated using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical analysis. It was found that UAD resulted in a significant reduction in thrust force by up to 65% while surface roughness metrics Ra and Rz were unaffected by the type of drilling process used. SEM analysis showed irregular and fuzzier surfaces in glass fibre layers in holes machined using UAD due to the longitudinal vibration of the tool.
Goal-oriented adaptive finite element methods with optimal computational complexity
Authors: Becker Roland , Gantner Gregor , Innerberger Michael , Praetorius Dirk 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe consider a linear symmetric and elliptic PDE and a linear goal functional. We design and analyze a goal-oriented adaptive finite element method, which steers the adaptive mesh-refinement as well as the approximate solution of the arising linear systems by means of a contractive iterative solver like the optimally preconditioned conjugate gradient method or geometric multigrid. We prove linear convergence of the proposed adaptive algorithm with optimal algebraic rates. Unlike prior work, we do not only consider rates with respect to the number of degrees of freedom but even prove optimal complexity, i.e., optimal convergence rates with respect to the total computational cost.
Gelatinous cephalopods as important prey for a deep-sea fish predator
Authors: Chen Rachel S. , Portner Elan J. , Choy C. Anela 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe quantified cephalopods consumed by longnose lancetfish (Alepisaurus ferox, n = 1267 stomachs containing cephalopod remains) from 2009 to 2018 in the central North Pacific Ocean (between 0–35° N and 135–175° W). When cephalopods identified from beak remains in the stomach contents were included in diet analyses, clear increases in the abundance of gelatinous taxa and the inferred foraging depths of lancetfish were evident. Ontogeny in cephalopod consumption was evident for lancetfish, corroborating past diet studies. Small lancetfish (fork length < 97 cm) fed on smaller, muscular cephalopods from shallow habitats (0–500 m, e.g., Ommastrephidae, Onychoteuthidae), while large lancetfish (fork length ≥ 97 cm) consumed larger, gelatinous cephalopods from deeper waters (depths greater than 500 m, e.g., Amphitretidae, Cranchiidae). Cephalopod beaks were more abundant in the diets of large lancetfish, representing 37.8% of identified cephalopods, numerically. Although beaks likely remain in stomachs longer than soft tissues, they did not simply accumulate with increasing predator size. Cephalopods identified from beaks were also significantly larger than those identified from soft tissues. Despite having low average energy densities, large gelatinous cephalopods are important prey for lancetfish in deep habitats, with energetic values that are comparable to smaller, more muscular cephalopods (95.3 ± 125.8 kJ and 120.2 ± 169.4 kJ, respectively). Holistic consideration of cephalopod beaks in diet analyses will help to elucidate predator foraging behaviors and the trophic and ecological roles of gelatinous cephalopods in deep pelagic food webs.
Elevated Urbanization-Driven Plant Accumulation of Metal(loid)s Including Arsenic Species and Assessment of the Kłodnica River Sediment Contamination
Authors: Jabłońska-Czapla Magdalena , Grygoyć Katarzyna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe impact of water and bottom sediment pollution of a river subjected to a strong industrial anthropogenic pressure of metal(loid) (including arsenic and its species) accumulation in riverbank plants such as Solidago virgaurea L., Phragmites L. and Urtica dioica L. was investigated. The high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) technique was used to study organic and inorganic arsenic species in selected plants and their response to heavy metal and arsenic contamination. The modified BCR extraction results showed that arsenic was mainly bound to the mobile reducible and organic-sulfide fractions in the Kłodnica River bottom sediments. Research has shown that the bottom sediments of the Kłodnica River are contaminated with metals, including Pb, Zn, Ni, As, and among arsenic species, the As(V) form dominated quantitatively, with its highest concentration being 49.3 mg kg−1 and the organic species occurred extremely rarely. The highest concentration of arsenic, among the tested plants, occurred in Phragmites communis L. The evaluation of the bottom sediment pollution was performed using Sb/As factor, geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF) and pollution load index (PLI). The ability of the plant to assimilate metals from the substrate was studied by calculation of the bioaccumulation factor (BAF). Values of the Igeo change in a wide range from class 1 (uncontaminated to moderately polluted for Cu and Zn) at the first sampling point, to 5 (highly to extremely polluted for Ba and Fe) at the K4 sampling point. The Igeo results show an increase in the contamination with elements toward the runoff of the Kłodnica River.
Expanded natural killer cells potentiate the antimyeloma activity of daratumumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone in a myeloma xenograft model
Authors: Thangaraj Jaya Lakshmi , Jung Sung-Hoon , Vo Manh-Cuong , Chu Tan-Huy , Phan Minh-Trang Thi , Lee Kyung-Hwa , Ahn Seo-Yeon , Kim Mihee , Song Ga-Young , Ahn Jae-Sook , Yang Deok-Hwan , Kim Hyeoung-Joon , Cho Duck , Lee Je-Jung 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe development of new treatment agents in recent decades has significantly improved the survival of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Nonetheless, MM remains an incurable disease; therefore, novel combination therapies are required. Natural killer (NK) cells are one of the safest immunotherapeutic options. In this study, we found that the anti-myeloma activity of expanded NK cells (eNKs) was improved by daratumumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (DRd) in an MM xenograft mouse model. NK cells expanded from peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from MM patients were highly cytotoxic against DRd pretreated tumor cells in vitro. To mimic the clinical protocol, a human MM xenograft model was developed using human RPMI8226-RFP-FLuc cells in NOD/SCID IL-2Rγnull (NSG) mice. MM bearing mice were randomly divided into six groups: no treatment, eNK, Rd, Rd + eNKs, DRd, and DRd + eNKs. DRd significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of eNKs by upregulating NK cell activation ligands and effector function. DRd in combination with eNKs significantly reduced the serum M-protein level and prolonged mouse survival. In addition, DRd significantly increased the persistence of eNK and homing to MM sites. These results show that the anti-myeloma activity of ex vivo-expanded and activated NK cells is augmented by the immunomodulatory effect of DRd in MM-bearing mice, suggesting the therapeutic potential of this combination for MM patients.
Effects of Thallium fluoride substitution on the flux pinning energies of (Cu0.5, Tl0.5)Ba2Ca2Cu3O10-δ superconductors
Authors: Hassan M. S. , Khalaf A. , Kamar A. , Awad R. , Matar M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the present work, the magnetoresistance behavior of (TlF)x-substituted (Cu0.5,Tl0.5)Ba2Ca2Cu3O10−δ superconducting samples, with x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4, was investigated. According to the thermally activated flux creep (TAFC) model, the flux pinning energies U(H, T) were calculated from the resistivity temperature (ρ–T) curves at applied DC magnetic fields ranging from 0.29 to 4.44 kOe. The results indicated that flux pinning energy was increased with increasing the F-substituting up to x = 0.1 and then decreased with increasing the applied field up to 4.44 kOe. Moreover, significant resistive broadening (ΔT) was observed with increasing the values of the applied magnetic fields. Furthermore, the (TlF)x substitution, boosting the transport critical current density Jc(0) and irreversibility magnetic field Hirr(0) up to x = 0.1 and then decreasing for x > 0.1 at various applied magnetic fields, demonstrates strong flux pinning for x = 0.1.
Von der Extrasystole zur anhaltenden Kammertachykardie
Authors: Könemann Hilke , Eckardt Lars 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDie aktuelle Leitlinie der europäischen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie 2022 zum Management von Patienten mit ventrikulären Arrhythmien und zur Prävention des plötzlichen Herztods aktualisiert die Leitlinie aus dem Jahr 2015. Mit zahlreichen Übersichtstabellen, Algorithmen und einer umfangreichen Einbeziehung der zugrundeliegenden Studiendaten liegt ein anwenderbezogenes Nachschlagewerk für die klinische Praxis vor, das auch besondere klinische Situationen wie Herzrhythmusstörungen in der Schwangerschaft oder im Zusammenhang mit Sport umfasst. In der Akuttherapie ventrikulärer Arrhythmien ist die Kardioversion auch bei hämodynamisch tolerierter Arrhythmie aufgewertet, zudem liegt ein besonderer Schwerpunkt der Leitlinie auf dem Management des elektrischen Sturms. In der Langzeittherapie sind die Empfehlungen zur medikamentösen Therapie an aktuelle Herzinsuffizienzleitlinien angeglichen. Katheterinterventionelle Verfahren gewinnen nicht nur bei rezidivierenden ventrikulären Tachykardien unter Amiodarontherapie und als Alternative zur ICD-Implantation bei ausgewählten Patienten mit koronarer Herzerkrankung, sondern insbesondere bei der Behandlung idiopathischer ventrikulärer Extrasystolen und Tachykardien an Bedeutung. Die Risikostratifikation bzw. Kriterien zur primärprophylaktischen ICD-Implantation sind unverändert kontroverse Themen, die in der aktuellen Leitlinie anhand der spezifischen Krankheitsbilder ausführlich diskutiert werden.