bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clinical characterisation of the patient with primary psychosis aimed at personalisation of management
Authors: Maj M. 
Published: February 2022

The view that the management of the patient with primary psychosis should be personalized is currently endorsed by the vast majority of clinicians, but this personalization is lacking or inadequate in most clinical contexts. We describe systematically the salient domains that should be considered in the characterization of the individual patient with primary psychosis aimed at personalization of management. These include positive and negative symptom dimensions, other psychopathological components, onset and course, neurocognition and social cognition, neurodevelopmental indicators; social functioning, quality of life and unmet needs; clinical staging, antecedent and concomitant psychiatric conditions, physical comorbidities, family history, history of obstetric complications, early and recent environmental exposures, protective factors and resilience, and internalized stigma. For each domain, simple assessment instruments are identified that could be considered for use in clinical practice and included in standardized decision tools. A management of primary psychosis is encouraged which takes into account all the available treatment modalities whose efficacy is supported by research evidence, selects and modulates them in the individual patient on the basis of the clinical characterization, addresses the patient’s needs in terms of employment, housing, self-care, social relationships and education, and offers a focus on identity, meaning and resilience.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
24-hour movement behaviours and the risk of common mental health symptoms: A compositional analysis in the UK biobank
Authors: Kandola A. , Del Pozo Cruz B. , Osborn D. , Stubbs B. , Choi K. , Hayes J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSedentary behaviour is potentially a modifiable risk factor for depression and anxiety disorders, but findings have been inconsistent.ObjectivesTo assess associations of sedentary behavior with depression and anxiety symptoms and estimate the impact of replacing daily time spent in sedentary behaviors with sleep, light, or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, using novel compositional data analysis methods.MethodsProspective cohort study in with 60,235 UK Biobank participants (mean age: 56; 56% female). Exposure was baseline daily movement behaviours (accelerometer-assessed sedentary behaviour, physical activity, and self-reported total sleep). Outcomes were depression and anxiety symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalised Anxiety Disorders-7) at follow up.ResultsReplacing 60 minutes of sedentary behaviour with light activity, moderate-to-vigorous activity, and sleep was associated with lower depression symptom scores by 1·3% (95%CI, 0·4%-2·1%), 12·5% (95%CI, 11·4%-13·5%), and 7·6% (95%CI, 6·9%-8·4%), and lower odds of depression by 0·95 (95%CI, 0·94-0·96), 0·75 (95%CI, 0·74-0·76), and 0·90 (95%CI, 0·90-0·91) at follow-up. Replacing 60 minutes of sedentary behaviour with moderate-to-vigorous activity and sleep was associated with lower anxiety symptom scores by 6·6% (95%CI, 5·5%-7·6%) and 4·5% (95%CI, 3·7%-5·2%), and lower odds of meeting the threshold for an anxiety disorder by 0·90 (95%CI, 0·89-0·90) and 0·97 (95%CI, 0·96-0·97) at follow-up. However, replacing 60 minutes of sedentary behaviour with light activity was associated with higher anxiety symptom scores by 4·5% (95%CI, 3·7%-5·3%) and higher odds of an anxiety disorder by 1·07 (95%CI, 1·06-1·08).ConclusionsSedentary behaviour is a risk factor for increased depression and anxiety symptoms in adults, but different replacement activities differentially influence mental health.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
WPA Global Guidelines for Telepsychiatry
Authors: Mucic D. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe current pandemic has only confirmed the need for international collaboration and more extended use of telepsychiatry than before. Unfortunately, regulatory constraints and lack of standardization are posing significant barriers to the internationalization of telepsychiatry. A need for global guidelines and service standardizations is of utmost importance in this rapidly growing but not yet well-established field. By mastering telepsychiatry, the professionals also may enable the remote provision of other eMH approaches complementary to well-known, traditional service(s). However, first, one ought to become familiar with the basics of telepsychiatry. Globally standardized telepsychiatric service and uniform regulations are prerequisites for fruitful international cooperation.Objectives- to present the main objectives and messages of the WPA Global Guidelines for Telepsychiatry.MethodsA structured review of the main challenges, innovations, and settings in the first Global Guidelines for Telepsychiatry, published by WPA.ResultsWith proper preparation and thoughtful risk management, telepsychiatry can be an invaluable tool for allowing greater access to care. However, certain prerequisites must be fulfilled to achieve the desired goals. These prerequisites are e.g. choice of the technology, settings, patient/provider preferences as well as competencies and skills, all outlined in this document.ConclusionsThis WPA document may pave the way for the development of global regulations in order to break down the barriers of accessibility for both the professionals as well as for the patients worldwide. Further, it may help professionals in setting up a standardized telepsychiatry service(s) in addition to the existing mental health system(s).DisclosureI am the author of WPA Global Guidelines for Telepsychiatry but have no financial interest.
Post traumatic stress disorder symptoms and stress burden among caregivers of patients with severe mental illness
Authors: Rady A. , Mouloukheya T. , Ramadan E. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionCare givers of patients with severe mental disorders have been shown to be under heavy stress burden that reflect itself through various heterogenous psychiatric symptoms that may mimic PTSD with associated negative impact on interpersonal relations and work performanceObjectivesto assess the prevalence of PTSD symptoms among care givers of patients with severe mental illnessMethods70 patients care givers of sevely mentally ill patients compred to control 70 care giver of patients with chronic debilitating medical illness were recruited from outpatient of the university hospital outpatient facilities, random selection. Severe mental illness was defined by Global assessment of function GAF score above 50 and duration exceeding 2 years. Both groups were subject to Zarit burden interview to assess stress burden and post traumatic stress diagnostic scale PDS to assess PTSD symptomatsResults43% of care givers of severly mentally patients showed moderate to severe burden on the Zarit scale compared to only 10% among care givers of medically ill patients, this difference was statistically significant (p<0,001). Among care givers of severly mental patients showed moderate to severe score on post traumatic stress diagnostic scale compared to 0% among those taking care of medically ill patients. this difference was statistically significant (p<0,001)ConclusionsStress burden among care givers of patients with severe mental illness is high and may manifest symptoms of post traumatic disorder. This highlight the importance of particular psychological support and assessment among care givers of patients with sever mental illnessDisclosureNo significant relationships.
Utilizing a novel digital affect mirror, morphii, to assess affective determinants of health
Authors: Milanak M. , Sullivan B. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDecades of research have shown that affect, emotions and moods, significantly impact all aspects of health behaviors. This research utilized a novel digital analogue technology (Morphii) to assess eight affective domains: stress, anxiety, loneliness, irritability, depression, pain, energy and overall feelings of wellness.ObjectivesTo demonstrate the feasibility of use and strength of relationship/comparison to validated measures.MethodsA U.S. census-based sample of adults ages 18-80 (n=985) completed online assessments including the 8 Morphii’s and additional comparative mental/behavioral health assessments (PSS-4, GAD-7, UCLA Loneliness Scale V3, BITe, PHQ-8 & PHQ-2, P4 Pain Scale, WHO-5, CFQ-11, ESS, and Vitality Subscale SF-36) via the Prolific Academic online platform and were compensated nominally for their participation. The resulting sample was 51.6% female and 74.2% White.ResultsEach Morphii was compared with the common corresponding industry assessment (e.g., Depression Morphii with PHQ) resulting in Pearson correlations ranging from -.519 to .761, with 6 of the 8 showing correlations above .700. Pearson correlations between dysfunction and each of the 8 Morphiis were significant at the p < .000 level, ranging from a low of .421 (Loneliness) to a high of .607 (Depression). Internal reliability was very good (Cronbach’s Alpha = .862). Respondents who expressed an assessment modality preference (55.2%) chose the Morphii type over traditional assessment format at a 2.5:1 ratio.ConclusionsMorphii provides a reliable and valid assessment option with the ability to obtain a comprehensive (8 domains at once), efficient (less than 60 second administration), assessment with increased patient/client preference and engagement.DisclosureMilanak - submitting author - I serve on the advisory board for ADoH Scientific to consult on scientific research of Morphii development. To date, I have not been paid any money for this advisory role.
Improving maternal mental health through postnatal services use for south sudanese mothers and their babies living in nguynyel refugee camp in gambella, Ethiopia
Authors: Roch K. Le , Lasater M. , Woldeyes G. , Solomon-Osborne A. , Phan X. , Bizouerne C. , Murray S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPoor maternal mental health during the perinatal period leads to serious complications, especially in humanitarian settings where both mothers and children have often been exposed to multiple stressful events. In those contexts, culturally relevant mental health and psychosocial interventions are required to support mother-infant dyads and ultimately to alleviate potential negative outcomes on child’s health and development.ObjectivesThis study aims at assessing the use of postnatal services by mothers and infants under 2 and its impact on maternal mental health.MethodsA process evaluation of Baby Friendly Spaces (BFS) program was conducted in Nguynyel refugee camp (Ethiopia) and a prospective quantitative assessment was administered to lactating women at baseline and endline (2 months later) to measure maternal functional impairment (WHODAS 2.0), general psychological distress (Kessler scale-K6); depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-PHQ9) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSD Checklist-PCL-6).Results201 lactating women and their babies were enrolled between October 2018 and March 2019. Statistically significant reductions were observed in all mental health outcomes at follow-up. Total mean scores decrease by 19% (p<0.001) for general psychological distress and posttraumatic stress, by 23% (p<0.001) for the depression and by 15% (p<0.001) for the functional impairment. Examination of the compliance to the services revealed that mothers who dropped out early had statistically significantly lower depression scores (p=0.01), and functional impairment scores (p<0.001) than mothers who stayed in the program.ConclusionsThe integration of maternal mental health interventions within perinatal services is challenging but essential for identifying and treating maternal common mental disorders.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Chronotopic encoding of emotional dimensions in the human brain assessed by FMRI
Authors: Lettieri G. , Handjaras G. , Ricciardi E. , Pietrini P. , Cecchetti L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAffective experiences vary as function of context, motivations and the unfolding of events. This temporal fundamental aspect of emotional processes is often disrupted in psychiatric conditions.ObjectivesTo investigate how the brain represents the association between affect and time, we combined fMRI and behavioral ratings during movie watching.MethodsParticipants watched ‘Forrest Gump’ in the fMRI scanner (n=14, 6F). Data were preprocessed (see 10.1101/2020.06.06.137851v1) and average brain activity from 1000 regions was extracted. Independent subjects (n=12, 5F) provided continuous ratings of the intensity of their affective state while watching the same movie. Using PCA, we derived the first 3 affective dimensions (polarity, complexity, intensity; 10.1038/s41467-019-13599-z) and computed their time-varying correlation in windows from 5-1000tps. We identified the window size with the maximum between-subjects accordance and computed the inter-subject functional connectivity (10.1038/ncomms12141). For each region, we obtained connectivity strength and its association in time with changes in affective dimensions (pBonf<0.05).ResultsFluctuations in connectivity strength of the right rMFG, precuneus, pSTS/TPJ, dmPFC, aINS and left pMTG were associated to polarity. Also, connectivity of the right IPS/SPL, SFG, dpreCS, IFGpOrb, OFC, precuneus, vpreCS and pSTS/TPJ followed the timecourse of perceived intensity of affect.ConclusionsConnectivity strength of default mode represents the pleasantness of the experience, whereas attention and control networks encode its intensity. Emotional descriptions converge in right temporoparietal and fronto-polar cortex, where the stream of affect is encoded in a chronotopic manner. These results expand our understanding of the neural correlates of emotional processing, a function severely affected by mental disorders.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Cortical thickness abnormalities in long-term remitted cushing’s disease
Authors: Bauduin S. , Van Der Pal Z. , Pereira A. , Meijer O. , Giltay E. , Van Der Wee N. , Van Der Werff S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionRemitted Cushing’s disease (RCD)-patients commonly continue to present persistent psychological and cognitive deficits, and alterations in brain function and structure. Assessing cortical thickness and surface area of RCD-patients may offer further insight into the neuroanatomical substrates of Cushing’s disease.ObjectivesTo assess cortical thickness and surface area in RCD-patients in comparison to healthy controls (HCs).MethodsStructural 3T MRI’s were obtained from 25 long-term RCD-patients, and 25 age-, gender-, and education-matched HCs. T1-weighted images were segmented to extract mean cortical thickness and surface area values of 68 cortical gray matter regions. Paired sample t-tests explored differences between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; region of interest), and the whole brain. Validated scales assessed psychiatric symptomatology, self-reported cognitive functioning, and disease severity.ResultsAfter correction for multiple comparisons, ROI analyses indicated that RCD-patients showed reduced cortical thickness of the left caudal ACC and the right rostral ACC compared to HCs. Whole-brain analyses indicated thinner cortices of the left caudal ACC, left cuneus, left posterior cingulate cortex, right rostral ACC, and bilateral precuneus compared to HCs. No cortical surface area differences were identified. Cortical thickness of the left caudal ACC was inversely associated with anxiety symptoms and disease duration.ConclusionsIn six of 68 regions examined, RCD patients had reduced cortical thickness in comparison to HCs. Cortical thickness of the left caudal ACC was inversely associated with disease duration, suggesting that prolonged and excessive exposure to glucocorticoids may be related to cortical thinning of brain structures involved in emotional and cognitive processing.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
CON
Authors: Melle I. 
Published: February 2022

There is a considerable overlap of psychotic and mood symptoms in patients with severe mental disorders, and a large proportion of patients meeting diagnostic criteria experience significant mood symptoms. The diagnosis of schizophrenia – schizoaffective type /schizoaffective disorder has been a part of the Diagnostic and statistical manual since the DSM-I. Even if the need for a diagnosis capturing this particular clinical picture obviously is needed, the agreement about when to use the diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder as well as the diagnostic reliability is low. There is an agreement that the diagnosis covers episodes with an overlap between a psychotic episode meeting the A criteria for schizophrenia and a major mood episode where the psychotic symptoms continue after the end of the mood symptoms. Given the prevalence of depression in schizophrenia, some episodes, however, meet the criteria for schizoaffective disorders while others do not. The DSM-5 thus argues that the pattern of overlapping symptoms should be present in the majority of episodes. Keeping the cross-sectional approach favoured by previous versions of the DSM and the ICD will here continue to spread diagnostic confusion.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Prevalence and nature of sexual violence in a gerontopsychiatric population in flanders
Authors: Nobels A. , Keygnaert I. , Robert E. , Vandeviver C. , Van Den Noortgate N. , Lemmens G. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSexual violence (SV) is an important public health concern which may induce important and long lasting mental health problems. However, studies on SV and its mental health impact on older adults and more specifically gerontopsychiatric patients are currently lacking.ObjectivesThis study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the prevalence, risk factors and mental health impact of SV in a gerontopsychiatric patient population.MethodsBetween July 2019 and March 2020 100 patients (66%F, 34%M) participated in a face to face interview on health, sexuality and wellbeing during their admission at an old age psychiatry ward in one general hospital and two psychiatric hospitals across Flanders, Belgium. Participation rate was 58%. Interviews were performed by a psychiatric trainee and especially trained master students in medicine.Results58% (65%F; 42%M) of the participants were sexually victimised during their life, 45% (51%F, 33%F) experienced hands-off SV, 43% (48%F, 33%M) sexual abuse with physical contact and 16% (6%M, 21%F) was raped. 7% were sexually victimised in the past year. Compared with non-victimized respondents, hands-on SV victims (incl. rape) described more symptoms of depression (p=0.007) and anxiety (p=0.003) and reported lower resilience (p=0.022).ConclusionsSV appears to be common in the gerontopsychiatric population and is linked to even worse mental health outcomes. These findings confirm the long-lasting mental health impact of SV and highlight the importance of attention to (sexual) trauma in mental health care in old age.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Dark triad personality traits prediction with AI
Authors: Mereu A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe dark triad is composed by the personality traits Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy (MNP). Their complexity can make them difficult to interrelate. Artificial intelligence (AI) could help in this endeavour.ObjectivesTo investigate whether AI could predict MNP from themselves.MethodsData from 210 questionnaires were analysed using an AI. The short Dark Triad questionnaire (SD3) was used to assess MNP. Two of the MNP scores were employed to predict the third one and the procedure was repeated for all of them alternatively. The AI was conservatively tuned to maximize the one-way random intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between predicted and real values. Pearson’s r was calculated too. The free and open source programming language R was used for all the analyses. Dataset source: Borráz-León, Javier I. (2020), “Dark triad, attractiveness, mate value, and sexual partners”, Mendeley Data, V1, doi: 10.17632/87vx6jfnrp.1ResultsMachiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy predictions obtained ICC of 0.593, 0.335, 0.505 and Pearson’s r of 0.608, 0.346, 0.548 respectively. The results were indicative of fair performance, mainly for Machiavellianism and psychopathy.ConclusionsAI might be useful to predict MNP. This could be utile in many situations, such as dealing with missing data or deciding whether to formally test someone. Finally, the AI used in this study is freely available, allowing anyone to experiment.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
A comparison of mdma-assisted psychotherapy to non-assisted psychotherapy in treatment-resistant PTSD: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Illingworth B. , Lewis D. , Lambarth A. , Stocking K. , Duffy J. , Jelen L. , Rucker J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionNovel, evidence-based treatments are required for treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has beneficially augmented psychotherapy in several small clinical trials.ObjectivesTo review the use of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy in treatment-resistant PTSD.MethodsSystematic searches of four databases were conducted from inception to February 2020. A meta-analysis was performed on trials which were double-blinded, randomised, and compared MDMA-assisted psychotherapy to psychotherapy and placebo. The primary outcomes were the differences in Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-IV) score and Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI). Secondary outcome measures included neurocognitive and physical adverse effects, at the time, and within seven days of intervention.ResultsFour randomised controlled trials (RCTs) met inclusion criteria. When compared to active placebo, intervention groups taking 75mg (MD -46.90; 95% CI -58.78, -35.02), 125mg (MD -20.98; 95% CI -34.35, -7.61) but not 100mg (MD -12.90; 95% CI -36.09, 10.29) of MDMA with psychotherapy, had significant decreases in CAPS-IV scores, as did the inactive placebo arm (MD -33.20; 95% CI -40.53, -25.87). A significant decrease in BDI when compared to active placebo (MD -10.80; 95% CI -20.39, -1.21) was only observed at 75mg. Compared to placebo, participants reported significantly more episodes of low mood, nausea and jaw-clenching during sessions and lack of appetite after seven days.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate potential therapeutic benefit with minimal physical and neurocognitive risk for the use of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy in TR-PTSD, despite little effect on Beck’s Depression Inventory. Better powered RCTs are required to investigate further.DisclosureJames Rucker has attended trial related meetings paid for by Compass Pathways Ltd.