bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plural violence(s) and migrants’ transnational engagement with democratic politics: the case of Colombians in Europe
Authors: Bermudez Anastasia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article explores how multiple, interrelated violence(s) shape the ways in which migrants relate to democratic politics transnationally. It takes as a departing point the literature on violent democracies and violent pluralism in the Latin American context, and more specifically the situation in Colombia, where democratic institutions coexist with plural violence(s). Following on from studies of migrant transnational politics, the analysis focuses on the Colombian diaspora and how migrants coming from violent democracies engage politically with the home country. Based on extensive research with Colombian migrants in Europe since the mid-90s, the article shows how despite different motivations for migrating, origin-country violence plays a significant role in the lives of many Colombians abroad. It then explores how violence influences migrants’ transnational politics. Migrating from a context of pervasive violence(s) can affect migrants’ sense of transnational belonging as well as increase mistrust and indifference towards formal democratic processes. However, the situation in the home country, together with being exposed to different conditions in the host society, can also motivate migrants to participate transnationally in initiatives to end the violence, thus increasing cooperation and trust.
The effect of anesthesia without opioid on perioperative opioid demand in children with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) for adenotonsillectomies — single-center retrospective observational study
Authors: Mun-Price Connie , Than Kathleen , Klein Margaret J. , Ross Patrick , Kim Eugene , Hochstim Christian , Nagoshi Makoto 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Children with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) carry a higher risk of respiratory complications after adenotonsillectomy. Their altered sensitivity to opioids may be a significant contributor to respiratory morbidity. The purpose of this study was to identify how anesthesia without opioids affects perioperative opioid demand and postoperative course.

Methods
A chart review of children with severe OSA (apnea hypoxia index; AHI ≥ 10) undergoing adenotonsillectomies was performed. Comorbidities and perioperative medications were documented. Perioperative opioid doses within 48 h of procedure were calculated as morphine equivalents (mcg/kg). Pain scores, rescue medications, and postoperative complications in PICU and non-PICU settings were also documented. Anesthesia without opioid and with opioid groups were compared.

Results
The analysis included 225 children. A significantly higher percentage of children received no postoperative opioids in the anesthesia without opioid group compared to those with opioid (46 of 88 children vs. 43 of 137; P < 0.05). The incidence of severe postoperative pain between the two groups was not different in PICU (P = 0.88) or non-PICU setting (P = 0.84). Perioperative opioid administration was significantly lower in anesthesia without opioid (median, Q1, Q3: 0.0, 0.0, 83.0) compared to with opioid (144.4, 72.5, 222.2; P < 0.01). Anesthesia without opioid was one of the independent factors to achieve perioperative opioid avoidance (<50mcg/kg).

Conclusions
Anesthesia without opioid for children with severe OSA for tonsillectomy significantly reduced perioperative demand for opioid and did not affect the occurrence of severe pain. Anesthesia without opioid is an effective strategy to minimalize opioid demand perioperatively for children with severe OSA for tonsillectomy.
Cancer-related emergency and urgent care: expanding the research agenda
Authors: Shelburne Nonniekaye , Simonds Naoko Ishibe , Jensen Roxanne E. , Brown Jeremy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurpose of reviewCancer-related emergency department (ED) visits often result in higher hospital admission rates than non-cancer visits. It has been estimated many of these costly hospital admissions can be prevented, yet urgent care clinics and EDs lack cancer-specific care resources to support the needs of this complex population. Implementing effective approaches across different care settings and populations to minimize ED and urgent care visits improves oncologic complication management, and coordinating follow-up care will be particularly important as the population of cancer patients and survivors continues to increase. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the Office of Emergency Care (OECR) convened a workshop in December 2021, “Cancer-related Emergency and Urgent Care: Prevention, Management, and Care Coordination” to highlight progress, knowledge gaps, and research opportunities. This report describes the current landscape of cancer-related urgent and emergency care and includes research recommendations from workshop participants to decrease the risk of oncologic complications, improve their management, and enhance coordination of care.Recent findingsSince 2014, NCI and OECR have collaborated to support research in cancer-related emergency care. Workshop participants recommended a number of promising research opportunities, as well as key considerations for designing and conducting research in this area. Opportunities included better characterizing unscheduled care services, identifying those at higher risk for such care, developing care delivery models to minimize unplanned events and enhance their care, recognizing cancer prevention and screening opportunities in the ED, improving management of specific cancer-related presentations, and conducting goals of care conversations.SummarySignificant progress has been made over the past 7 years with the creation of the Comprehensive Oncologic Emergency Research Network, broad involvement of the emergency medicine and oncology communities, establishing a proof-of-concept observational study, and NCI and OECR’s efforts to support this area of research. However, critical gaps remain.
A selective review of smoking cessation interventions in the emergency department
Authors: Pettit Nicholas , Pope Ian , Neuner Bruno , Lash Rebecca , Bernstein Steven L. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Emergency department (ED) patients disproportionally smoke compared to the general population and frequently utilize the ED for routine, urgent, and emergent care. Thus, the ED is a target-rich environment for interventions aimed at increasing smoking cessation, especially among vulnerable populations. Promotion of smoking cessation in the ED has the potential to address health inequalities and reach patients that experience significant barriers to accessing preventive care and lifestyle modifications.

Topics of review
This narrative review presents a concise summary of the major smoking cessation strategies studied in the ED setting for adults, children, and pregnant ED patients. Additionally, this review presents the strategies to increase the uptake of smoking cessation in the ED, as well as an international perspective of smoking cessation efforts in the ED. Past and ongoing efforts to improve smoking cessation among ED patients are discussed, and critical knowledge gaps and research opportunities are highlighted.

Conclusion
Smoking cessation is both efficacious and feasible during an ED visit, with multiple options available to both adults, children, parents, and pregnant patients. Little standardization among cessation strategies among EDs has been demonstrated, despite the ED being uniquely positioned to address disparities in smoking cessation and contribute towards national smoking cessation goals. During most ED visits, any health care team member can address ongoing tobacco use, and smoking cessation can easily be related to the context of the patient’s presenting complaint. To be effective, health care systems and teams must recognize the ED as a suitable location to engage with patients regarding their knowledge and awareness of ongoing smoking use, and are well suited to provide and initiate effective smoking cessation treatments.
Playing with Photographs
Authors: Viswanathan Rashmi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Two recent exhibitions in New York City invite thoughts about the meanings and possibilities of photography in art. Featuring the works of the artists Gauri Gill and Farideh Sakhaeifar, the exhibitions explore unconventional methods of photo-taking and making. Long known for her collaborative practice, Gill's work features multiple authors and subjects who play with photographic conventions and subject-object relations. Her subjects devise their presentation and mask their faces. Pointedly rejecting the ethnographic perspective, Gill's subjects exercise a level of freedom from the fixity of the camera. Sakhaeifar, from a markedly critical vantage point, draws attention to the ways that photography can obscure its subjects. Deeply sensitive to the histories of photography, both artists visualize the things that photography cannot contour—horror, pain, joy, and the unreal.
Molecular Arrangement Control of [1]Benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (BTBT) via Charge-Assisted Hydrogen Bond
Authors: Akai Ryota , Oka Kouki , Dekura Shun , Mori Hatsumi , Tohnai Norimitsu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Organic semiconductors have π-conjugation in the constituent molecules and exhibit optical and electrical properties. Since these properties are significantly affected by the overlap of π-orbitals between adjacent molecules, not only their molecular structures but also their molecular arrangement has been well known as critical; however, control of the molecular arrangement without modifying the electronic character of the constituent molecule has been difficult. In the current work, we report organic salts composed of disulfonic acid with a moiety of a representative organic semiconductor molecule, [1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (BTBT), as a functional component, and different types of alkylamines as an arrangement-controlling component via charge-assisted hydrogen bonds. We successfully controlled the molecular arrangement of BTBT moiety by changing alkylamines, without changing the structure of disulfonic acid with the BTBT functional moiety. Depending on the bulkiness of alkylamines, the molecular arrangement of these organic salts changed from an edge-to-face herringbone-type arrangement, where CH/π interactions were dominant similar to the common crystal structure of BTBT, to a novel one-dimensional (1D) slipped parallel-type arrangement for BTBT, without changing the molecular structure of disulfonic acid. In addition, we revealed that the dimensionality of the electronic state and properties of the organic salts also changed according to the molecular arrangement of BTBT moiety.
Epigenome-Wide Association Study Identified VTI1A DNA Methylation Associated With Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity
Authors: NISHIDA YUICHIRO , HARA MEGUMI , OHMOMO HIDEKI , ONO KANAKO , SHIMIZU ATSUSHI , HORITA MIKAKO , SHIMANOE CHISATO , TAGUCHI NAOTO , HIGAKI YASUKI , TANAKA KEITARO 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Health benefits of physical activity (PA) may be mediated by DNA methylation alterations. The purpose of the current study was to comprehensively identify CpG sites whose methylation levels were associated with accelerometer-assessed total PA in a general Japanese population.

Methods
The study participants were from the baseline survey of Saga Japan Multi-institutional Collaborative Cohort. PA was objectively measured by a single-axis accelerometer for 7 d. We used a two-stage strategy. In the discovery stage, we performed a meta-analysis of two epigenome-wide association studies of total PA in 898 individuals (a combination of random sample (n = 507) and case–control study sample (n = 391)). Peripheral blood DNA methylation levels were measured using Infinium EPIC or HM450 arrays. In the replication stage, we subsequently examined whether CpG sites significantly associated (P < 1 × 10−5) with total PA were replicated in another sample (n = 1711), in which methylation levels were measured by pyrosequencing. A multiple linear regression was performed to determine the cross-sectional association between total PA and methylation levels with adjustment for potential confounders, including body mass index. A fixed-effects model was used in the meta-analysis. Correlations between total PA–associated DNA methylation and several inflammatory markers, such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, were also conducted.

Results
In the meta-analysis, nine CpG sites were significantly associated with total PA (P < 1 × 10−5). Among the nine sites, one site cg07030336 (annotated to VTI1A/ZDHHC6 gene) was successfully replicated (P = 0.009).

Conclusions
The current study showed that greater accelerometer-assessed total PA was associated with higher DNA methylation levels at cg07030336 (VTI1A/ZDHHC6) in the general population. In addition, we found a divergent relationship between the methylation levels at cg07030336 and several inflammatory biomarkers.
Prevalence and characteristics of referred pain in patients diagnosed with temporomandibular disorders according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD)
Authors: Alketbi Nawal , Talaat Wael 
Published: June 2022

Background: Referred pain often complicates and delays the diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Elaborating the prevalence and characteristics of TMD-associated referred pain as well as the distribution of referred pain in different TMD classes will significantly improve the diagnostic process. The objectives of the present study were to assess the prevalence and to evaluate the characteristics of referred pain associated with TMD diagnosed according to the DC/TMD. Methods: A total of 252 patients were evaluated using the DC/TMD Axes-I and –II assessment tools. Different modalities were used to treat the diagnosed TMD. Referred pain was diagnosed when the location of the perceived pain in response to palpation extended beyond the boundary of the structure that was examined. For pain locations that were perceived as deep, patients were asked to locate the surface of the area of pain. The result of the assessment was identified as positive if the patient described his perceived pain during the clinical examination as being familiar pain that was experienced in the same location in the last 30 days. Results: TMD-associated referred pain was recorded in 153 patients (60.7%). The most common referred pain location was the temporal area (45.2%), followed by the ear (42.1%). The referred pain was recorded in disc displacement with reduction with intermittent locking and myofascial pain with referral in all patients (100%). The proportion of patients with referred pain was significantly different between the different TMD diagnostic subgroups (P < 0.001). The recorded percentage of improvement in the referred pain following the treatment was 50.41% after 3 months and 56.65% after 6 months. Conclusions: Referred pain is a prominent feature of TMD. More studies are required with longer follow-up periods and bigger sample sizes to support the findings of the present study.
Investigating audible and ultrasonic noise in modern animal facilities
Authors: Parker Andrew , Hobson Liane , Bains Rasneer , Wells Sara , Bowl Michael 
Published: June 2022

Background: The environmental housing conditions of laboratory animals are important for both welfare and reliable, reproducible data. Guidelines currently exist for factors such as lighting cycles, temperature, humidity, and noise, however, for the latter the current guidelines may overlook important details. In the case of the most common laboratory species, the mouse, the range of frequencies they can hear is far higher than that of humans. The current guidelines briefly mention that ultrasonic (>20 kHz) frequencies can adversely affect mice, and that the acoustic environment should be checked, though no recommendations are provided relating to acceptable levels of ultrasonic noise. Methods: To investigate the ultrasonic environment in a large mouse breeding facility (the Mary Lyon Centre at MRC Harwell), we compared two systems, the Hottinger Bruel and Kjaer PULSE sound analyser, and an Avisoft Bioacoustics system. Potential noise sources were selected; we used the PULSE system to undertake real-time Fourier analysis of noise up to 100 kHz, and the Avisoft system to record noise up to 125 kHz for later analysis. The microphones from both systems were positioned consistently at the same distance from the source and environmental conditions were identical. In order to investigate our result further, a third system, the AudioMoth (Open Acoustic Devices), was also used for recording. We used DeepSqueak software for most of the recording analysis and, in some cases, we also undertook further spectral analysis using RX8 (iZotope, USA). Results: We found that both systems can detect a range of ultrasonic noise sources, and here discuss the benefits and limitations of each approach. Conclusions: We conclude that measuring the acoustic environment of animal facilities, including ultrasonic frequencies that may adversely affect the animals housed, will contribute to minimising disruption to animal welfare and perturbations in scientific research.
Protocol for the perioperative outcome risk assessment with computer learning enhancement (Periop ORACLE) randomized study
Authors: Fritz Bradley , King Christopher , Chen Yixin , Kronzer Alex , Abraham Joanna , Ben Abdallah Arbi , Kannampallil Thomas , Budelier Thaddeus , Montes de Oca Arianna , McKinnon Sherry , Tellor Pennington Bethany , Wildes Troy , Avidan Michael 
Published: June 2022

Background: More than four million people die each year in the month following surgery, and many more experience complications such as acute kidney injury. Some of these outcomes may be prevented through early identification of at-risk patients and through intraoperative risk mitigation. Telemedicine has revolutionized the way at-risk patients are identified in critical care, but intraoperative telemedicine services are not widely used in anesthesiology. Clinicians in telemedicine settings may assist with risk stratification and brainstorm risk mitigation strategies while clinicians in the operating room are busy performing other patient care tasks. Machine learning tools may help clinicians in telemedicine settings leverage the abundant electronic health data available in the perioperative period. The primary hypothesis for this study is that anesthesiology clinicians can predict postoperative complications more accurately with machine learning assistance than without machine learning assistance. Methods: This investigation is a sub-study nested within the TECTONICS randomized clinical trial (NCT03923699). As part of TECTONICS, study team members who are anesthesiology clinicians working in a telemedicine setting are currently reviewing ongoing surgical cases and documenting how likely they feel the patient is to experience 30-day in-hospital death or acute kidney injury. For patients who are included in this sub-study, these case reviews will be randomized to be performed with access to a display showing machine learning predictions for the postoperative complications or without access to the display. The accuracy of the predictions will be compared across these two groups. Conclusion: Successful completion of this study will help define the role of machine learning not only for intraoperative telemedicine, but for other risk assessment tasks before, during, and after surgery. Registration: ORACLE is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05042804; registered September 13, 2021.
A national cross-sectional survey of constipation in patients attending cancer centres in Ireland
Authors: Ryan Karen , Johnston Bridget M. , McAleer Clare , O'Connor Laserina , Larkin Philip 
Published: June 2022

Background: The prevalence of constipation in patients with cancer is estimated at 50-90%. It is often associated with pain, anorexia, nausea and vomiting and impacts negatively on quality of life. Despite its common occurrence, it is often poorly recognised and treated by healthcare professionals. Methods: A national cross-sectional survey was conducted in Ireland to describe constipation prevalence and severity in patients attending cancer centres and to evaluate management efficacy. In-patients or patients attending day oncology wards in any of the country’s eight designated cancer centres were eligible to participate. Participants were shown the Bristol Stool Chart and answered questions regarding stool appearance and sensation of incomplete defecation; they completed the Constipation Assessment Scale. Data on pain character and intensity, opioid use, and prescribed and over-the-counter laxative use were collected. Data were summarised using descriptive statistics. Significance of variations for continuous data were determined using t-tests. Conditional ordered logistic regression was undertaken to determine factors associated with constipation. Results: The dataset comprised 491 patients. 24.8% had been reviewed by specialist palliative care; 14.5% by the anaesthetic pain team. In total, 42.2% of respondents were taking step 2 or step 3 opioids. Constipation prevalence was 67.6%; 19.4% of patients had Constipation Assessment Scale scores indicating severe constipation. A total of 46% of the respondents were not taking any laxatives. Of those who were taking laxatives, 54.8% reported constipation symptoms. While opioid use was strongly associated with participants reporting higher scores, this association was not seen in those patients receiving specialist palliative care. Conclusions: Constipation remains a clinical problem in Irish cancer centres. Despite increased opioid use, patients receiving specialist palliative care were more likely to take laxatives and reported less constipation. Specialist palliative care practice should be studied in order to identify what are the transferable ‘ingredients’ of effective constipation management.
ALSPAC parents’ descriptions of childhood stresses in their parents and grandparents
Authors: Birmingham Karen , Iles-Caven Yasmin , Golding Jean 
Published: June 2022

Background: There is evidence that childhood stresses or traumas influence individuals’ descendants’ health and wellbeing through epigenetic mechanisms. However, few longitudinal studies have details of such ancestral data. Methods: Nearly 7,000 parents of the original Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort completed questionnaires concerning their parents’ and grandparents’ childhoods. As part of a questionnaire validation exercise we conducted recorded interviews with 100 of these parents. Here we describe some of the vivid accounts from these interviews of stresses encountered by the parents’ ancestors. Results: The interviews provided insights into the childhoods of two previous generations of this cohort, most of whom had lived through one, if not two, World Wars. Many children were brought up, not by their parents but by relatives or acquaintances and/or left home very young to ‘go into service’ or start work. A few interviewees had wealthy relatives with nannies and governesses and attended expensive boarding schools but by far the most frequent accounts were of poverty, often severe, with related lack of education and illiteracy, alcoholism and violence, alongside devastating effects of the World Wars. Conclusions: Although the interviews focussed on stresses in childhood and therefore the accounts seemed somewhat negative, many interviewees described their relatives as having secure, stable childhoods. Of the many struggling families though, the predominant impression was their remarkable resilience; all went on to have children or grandchildren who are stable enough to participate for three decades, entirely altruistically, in ALSPAC.