bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Galectin‐3/Galectin‐3‐Binding Sites with low Differentiation Status in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Delorge Sophie , Saussez Sven , Pelc Patricia , Devroede Benoît , Marchant Hadelin , Burchert Maria , Zeng Fu‐Yue , Danguy André , Salmon Isabelle , Gabius Hans‐Joachim , Kiss Robert , Hassid Sergio 
Published: September 2022

The accurate determination of levels of differentiation is of prognostic value in human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Because the deliberate selection of biochemical determinants accompanying certain stages of differentiation can refine the predictive power of histochemical assessments, the application of the quantitative evaluation of staining distribution and intensity by computer‐assisted microscopy is one prerequisite to potential improvements. We used 2 innovative approaches with peanut agglutinin based on encouraging results with respect to common lectin‐histochemistry. First, we used a custom‐made neoglycoprotein to monitor the presence of Thomsen‐Friedenreich (T) antigen‐binding sites. Second, we measured the presence of 2 galectins immunohistochemically and, at the same time, measured lectin‐histochemically the presence of accessible ligands for the endogenous lectins. We also monitored the presence of calcyclin, a protein with relevance to cell cycle progression or exocytosis. With 61 cases of HNSCC as their basis, including 31 oral, 20 laryngeal, and 10 hypopharyngeal lesions, the data show that the main modifications observed in connection with a loss of differentiation are related to a modification in the levels of both galectin‐3/galectin‐3‐binding site and T‐antigen/T‐antigen‐binding site expressions. The data obtained also suggest that galectin‐3 could act as an acceptor site for the T antigen. Because the level of differentiation is known to be indicative of the recurrence rate in HNSCCs and our data clearly indicate that galectin‐3 and the T antigen (and their respective binding sites) are involved in dedifferentiation processes, further investigation is warranted into the roles of galectins in HNSCC tumor progression and recurrence analysis.
Complications of Tracheobronchial Airway Stents
Authors: Zakaluzny Scott A. , Lane J. David , Mair Eric A. 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVEOur goal was to identify and analyze airway stent complications and to devise approaches to manage stent complications.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGWe conducted a retrospective review of patients from a tertiary medical center.METHODSTwenty‐eight airway stents were placed in 23 patients for benign (n = 15) and malignant (n = 13) tracheobronchial diseases. All patients were followed clinically for signs of complications.RESULTSNine complications (8 in those with benign disease and 1 in a patient with malignant disease) were identified and included stent migration (n = 3), excessive granulation tissue (n = 2), stent fracture (n = 1), poor patient tolerance (n = 2), and inability to place (n = 1). Avoidance and management strategies for stent complications are introduced.CONCLUSIONTracheobronchial stents provide minimally invasive therapy for significant airway obstruction. Stent complications are more frequently encountered in the long‐term treatment of benign conditions. Stents can be successfully removed endoscopically if complications arise, but the longer a metallic stent is in place, the more difficult it is to remove.SIGNIFICANCEAs airway stent use increases, proper management will be required to avoid and manage complications. This is the first report to focus on stent complications and their management.
Laryngeal Effects of Antigen Stimulation Challenge with Perennial Allergen Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus
Authors: Reidy Patrick M. , Dworkin James P. , Krouse John H. 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVEWe conducted a pilot study to assess the effects of antigen stimulation on the appearance and function of the larynx.STUDY DESIGN AND SUBJECTSThe prospective, double‐blind, randomized study included 9 adult patients with a skin‐prick test positive for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESSubjects were blindly challenged via nebulizer with either an active antigenic suspension or placebo. Baseline and 30‐minute evaluations of the larynx were performed. Assessments included subjective voice and video‐stroboscopic assessments, acoustic analysis of voice, speech aerodynamic testing, and allergy and voice handicap questionnaires.RESULTSAlthough both inflammation and increased mucus were noted, there were no significant differences between the antigen‐ and placebo‐exposed subjects on any of the measures obtained.CONCLUSIONSOur preliminary investigation was not successful in demonstrating a direct causal relationship between antigen exposure and physical or functional changes in the larynx. Future studies will involve modifications to our current methodology, including increasing the concentration of antigen, prolonging the exposure time, and observing for late phase responses.
Changes of Esophageal Motility after Total Laryngectomy
Authors: Choi Eun Chang , Hong Won Pyo , Kim Chung Bae , Yoon Hyu Chul , Nam Ji In , Son Eun Jin , Kim Kwang Moon , Kim Se‐Heon 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVETotal laryngectomy completely interrupts the continuity of the proximal digestive tract and may lead to derangement in esophageal motility. The purpose of this investigation was to find out how total laryngectomy changes the resting and the maximum contracting pressures of the upper esophageal sphincter muscle and how it affects the coordination of the contraction and the relaxation between the pharynx and the upper esophageal sphincter muscles. If changes in the function of the upper esophageal sphincter muscle should occur, this study will also demonstrate how it affects the motility of the esophagus and the lower esophageal sphincter muscle.METHODSIn an attempt to explain postoperative motility changes, the stationary pull through method of manometric evaluation was used to quantify the alteration in esophageal motility. For the manometric evaluation of the esophagus, a polyethylene catheter with 8 internal tubes was used. The study was performed on a group of 15 patients with total laryngectomy and 15 people without esophageal disease or symptoms as the control group.RESULTSThere was a statistically significant difference between the laryngectomy group and the control group for both the resting and maximum contraction pressures as well as for coordination and relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter. (P < 0.05) In the laryngectomy group, 3 patients who complained of postoperative dysphasia showed more severe functional changes. The proximal esophageal body pressure and peristaltic waves were significantly decreased in the laryngectomy group. No significant difference between the laryngectomy group and the control group was noted in terms of the lower esophageal resting sphincter pressure and the postdeglution pressure. There also was no significant difference between the two groups in the degree of lower esophageal sphincter coordination and relaxation.CONCLUSIONFrom these results, it may be concluded that interruption of the cricopharyngeal muscle and pharyngeal plexus after laryngectomy not only may produce local derangement of upper esophageal sphincter function but also may produce abnormalities in peristalsis of the proximal esophageal body. However, the function of lower esophageal sphincter did not show any significant difference between the laryngectomy group and the control group.
Multivariate Analysis of Prognostic Factors in T3 N0 Laryngeal Carcinoma Treated With Total Laryngectomy
Authors: Gallo Oreste , Sarno Antonio , Baroncelli Rolando , Bruschini Luca , Boddi Vieri 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVEThe aim of our study was to clarify the real importance of 16 possible prognostic factors analyzed retrospectively for the disease‐free interval and survival of a total of 327 patients with T3 N0 M0 laryngeal carcinoma treated with total laryngectomy.METHODSThe role of each possible prognostic factor and their joint effect was explored by Cox proportional hazard survival analysis.RESULTS and CONCLUSIONSIn a Cox univariate analysis for the whole group, tumor site, pattern of growth, tumor size, histologic grading, lymph node status, and the occurrence of postoperative complications were predictive of the risk of tumor recurrence. In univariate analysis, all these factors except for pattern of tumor growth, neck treatment and postoperative complications maintained their prognostic value when analyzed as predictors of survival; however, the loco‐regional control of disease was the most significant one. In a Cox multivariate analysis tumor size, histologic grading and postoperative complications had a significant impact on disease‐free survival, whereas only histologic grading and loco‐regional failure apeared to be prognostic with a significant decrease in overall survival.
Ankyloglossia: The Adolescent and Adult Perspective
Authors: Lalakea M. Lauren , Messner Anna H. 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVESWe sought to characterize examination findings and functional limitations due to ankyloglossia in adolescents and adults and to evaluate frenuloplasty in this group.STUDY DESIGNA prospective study was conducted of 15 individuals with ankyloglossia aged 14 to 68 years. Baseline symptoms were recorded by questionnaire, and tongue mobility measures were compared with that of 20 control subjects. Six subjects were reassessed postfrenuloplasty.RESULTSThirteen of 14 patients with uncorrected ankyloglossia (93%) noted symptoms including speech problems (50%) and mechanical limitations (57%), such as difficulty licking the lips. Mean tongue protrusion and elevation at baseline measured 15.5 ± 6.0 mm and 13.6 ± 8.0 mm, respectively, for patients and 32.0 ± 3.9 mm and 30.3 ± 4.9 mm for control subjects (P < 0.001). Postfrenuloplasty, tongue function improved both subjectively and objectively in 6 of 6 patients, with a mean gain of 9.2 mm for protrusion (P < 0.05) and 13.0 mm for elevation (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSymptoms related to ankyloglossia are prevalent in this age group and respond favorably to frenuloplasty.
An adjunctive method of radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction of the tongue for OSAS
Authors: Riley Robert W. , Powell Nelson B. , Li Kasey K. , Weaver Edward M. , Guilleminault Christian 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVESTemperature‐controlled radiofrequency volumetric reduction (TCRF), a minimally invasive procedure, has been used to treat tongue base obstruction in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). An adjunctive method was objectively evaluated.METHODA prospective, nonrandomized clinical study was undertaken on 20 consecutive OSAS patients with isolated tongue base obstruction. Under local anesthesia, multiple lesions of the ventral tongue (genioglossus insertion) and dorsal tongue were given at each treatment session. A visual analog scale was used to assess changes in speech and swallowing. Polysomnography and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were used to assess outcome. Patients were maintained on nasal continuous positive airway pressure after each treatment.RESULTSPatients received a mean 4.6 ± 0.6 treatments for a mean total of 7915 ± 1152 joules. There was no significant change in speech or swallowing at 3 months after completion of treatment. Patients reported a significant decrease in sleepiness with a mean change in ESS from 12.4 ± 2.9 to 7.3 ± 3.0 (P< 0.001). Mean apnea/hypopnea index decreased from 35.1 ± 18.1 to 15.1 ± 17.4 (P< 0.001). Transient mild to moderate pain and swelling occurred after each treatment. There were no significant complications (ulceration, paresthesia, infection).CONCLUSIONTCRF can successfully treat the OSAS patient with tongue base obstruction. Combined treatment of the ventral (genioglossus insertion) and dorsal tongue appears safe and may improve outcome with less total energy when compared with traditional dorsal‐only applications.
Pediatric orbital floor fractures: Nausea/vomiting as signs of entrapment
Authors: Cohen Seth M. , Garrett C. GAELYN 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVEWe sought to explore whether nausea and vomiting are predictive of entrapment.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGWe retrospectively evaluated the data regarding orbital floor fractures in children younger than 19 years old presenting at a tertiary care center from 1990 to 2001. Zygomatic, naso‐orbital ethmoid, and displaced orbital rim fractures were excluded from our analysis. Data on the fracture type, signs and symptoms, ocular motility, surgical repair, and resolution of diplopia were also collected.RESULTSTwenty‐nine orbital floor fractures were identified. One fourth of the children had nausea/ vomiting, and half had trapdoor fractures. Seventeen percent of patients had entrapment of the inferior rectus. The positive predictive value of nausea/vomiting with a trapdoor fracture for entrapment was 83.3% (P = 0.002, Fisher exact test). Half the patients required surgical intervention, most commonly for diplopia or gaze restriction. Gaze impairment did not resolve in 2 patients.CONCLUSIONPatients with trapdoor fractures who present with nausea/vomiting are at a high risk of inferior rectus entrapment and poor outcome. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 21003;129:000‐000)
Hearing Preservation with the Retrosigmoid Approach for Vestibular Schwannoma: Myth or Reality?
Authors: Lassaletta Luis , Fontes Leonardo , Melcon Enrique , Sarria Maria Jose , Gavilan Javier 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study is to present our experience with the retrosigmoid approach for vestibular schwannoma resection, emphasizing our hearing results, discussing selection and reporting results criteria.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGThe notes of 65 consecutive cases of vestibular schwannoma undergoing the retrosigmoid approach were reviewed. Hearing data were reported according to the recommendations of the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery (AAO‐HNS). In addition, the terms normal, serviceable, useful, and measurable hearing were considered.RESULTSTumor size ranged from 8 to 50 mm (mean, 24.1 mm). Of the 29 patients with preoperative serviceable hearing (AAO‐HNS classes A and B), 5 patients (17%) had postoperative serviceable hearing, and 6 patients (20%) had postoperative useful hearing (AAO‐HNS classes A, B, and C).CONCLUSIONThe retrosigmoid approach is a reliable surgical procedure for most vestibular schwannoma tumors. However, hearing preservation results show wide differences depending on selection and reporting results criteria. Hearing preservation, although possible, may not be the main reason to choose this approach. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003;129:397–401.)
Use of 3‐Dimensional Computed Tomography Scan to Evaluate Upper Airway Patency for Patients Undergoing Sleep‐Disordered Breathing Surgery
Authors: Li Hseuh‐Yu , Chen Ning‐Hung , Wang Chao‐Ran , Shu Yu‐Hsiang , Wang Pa‐Chun 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVEOur goal was to investigate the correlation between upper airway 3‐dimensional computed tomography (3‐D CT) measurements and polysomnography data of patients with sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB).STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGThe 3‐D CT scan measurements of the retropalatal space (RP), lateral and anteroposterior diameters of RP, retroglossal space, uvular thickness, and volume of upper airway were taken prospectively from 194 consecutive SDB patients. These were correlated with patients' respective Respiratory Distress Index (RDI), snoring index, and lowest arterial oxygen saturation gathered from polysomnographic data.RESULTSRP (r = −0.27, P = 0.0001) and lateral diameter (P = 0.0073) were significantly correlated with RDI. Multivariate regression model (R 2 = 0.286) demonstrates RP (P = 0.0036) and retroglossal space (P = 0.027) to be predictive of RDI. No 3‐D CT parameters correlated with snoring index and lowest arterial oxygen saturation attained statistical significant.CONCLUSIONThe 3‐D CT scan measurements can be valuable in evaluating upper airway patency in patients with SDB. The RP was the most relevant upper airway anatomic structure identified in these patients.SIGNIFICANCEModification of palatal surgery to increase the lateral dimension of the RP may be a breakthrough in increasing its success rate.
Voice and Deglutition Functions after the Supracricoid and Total Laryngectomy Procedures for Advanced Stage Laryngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Dworkin James Paul , Meleca Robert J. , Zacharek Mark A. , Stachler Robert J. , Pasha Raza , Abkarian G. G. , Culatta Richard A. , Jacobs John R. 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVESThe investigation compared speech and deglutition functions after alternative surgical treatments for advanced stage laryngeal carcinoma: the supracricoid laryngectomy (SCL) versus the total laryngectomy (TL).STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGCohort investigation at Wayne State University School of Medicine.METHODSQuantitative studies of laryngeal biomechanics, acoustic and speech aerodynamic features, and deglutition skills of these individuals were coupled to listener and patient self‐impressions of speech and voice characteristics for group comparative analyses.RESULTSResults revealed that patients from each subgroup performed comparably relative to speech intelligibility and voice quality disturbances. Videostroboscopy of the neoglottal mechanisms in these two populations helped to explain these outcomes. Acoustic and speech aerodynamic testing demonstrated variably abnormal features in both surgical subgroups. Whereas the SCL patients eventually achieved full oral diets, they required many sessions of swallowing therapy to obtain this objective and eliminate tube feeding supplementation. The TL patients did not evidence protracted swallowing difficulties or the need for specific exercises in order to remove their feeding tubes postoperatively. References to organ preservation strategies in lieu of surgical management are included for completeness purposes.CONCLUSIONSThe SCL and TL surgical procedures for advanced stage laryngeal carcinoma resulted in equivalent speech and swallowing functional outcomes. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003;129:311–20.)
β‐Trace Protein Test: New Guidelines for the Reliable Diagnosis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistula
Authors: Meco Cem , Oberascher Gerhard , Arrer Erich , Moser Gerhard , Albegger Klaus 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVECerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulas need to be reliably diagnosed for the optimal management. Recently, in preference to β2‐transferrin, another CSF protein, β‐trace protein (βTP), is similarly used with a new method for CSF diagnosis. This study evaluates the sensitive interpretation and limits of this new βTP test for use in routine CSF fistula diagnosis.METHODSNephelometric detection of βTP has been made in nasal secretion, serum, and CSF samples from healthy individuals as well as patients with reduced glomerular filtration rate and with bacterial meningitis. Additionally, 53 patients with suspected CSF rhinorrhea are also analyzed.RESULTSThe βTP test can also be used to reliably diagnose CSF rhinorrhea even slightly better than the β2‐transferrin test. It should not be used for patients with renal insufficiency and bacterial meningitis as they substantially increase serum and decrease CSF βTP values, respectively.CONCLUSIONQuantitative measurement of βTP is a noninvasive, highly sensitive, quick, and inexpensive method that can be used for the detection of CSF rhinorrhea in nasal secretions. However, in cases where there is doubt about the interpretation, the results should be proved with β2‐transferrin test or sodium‐fluorescein test.
Microscopic Anatomy of the Infraorbital Canal, Nerve, and Foramen
Authors: Kazkayasi Mustafa , Ergin Ahmet , Ersoy Mehmet , Tekdemir Ibrahim , Elhan Alaittin 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVEWe performed this study to investigate the morphologic and topographic anatomy, and variations of the infraorbital canal (IOC), infraorbital nerve (ION), and infraorbital foramen (IOF).STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGThis study was performed at the Anatomy Department of Ankara University School of Medicine between 1999 and 2000. The morphometry of these anatomic areas on cadaver heads were studied microscopically. The morphologic and topograpic anatomies of IOC, ION, and IOF were carried out microscopically with x25 to x40 magnification on 10 cadaver heads (20 sides).RESULTSWe found the shape of the IOF as oval in 30% (6 sides), round in 40% (8 sides), and semilunar in 30% (6 sides) of the cadaver heads. We detected the IOF as single in 90% (18 sides), double in 5% (1 side), and triple in 5% (1 side) of the cases. We determined a complete roof (we called it as “canal”) in 50% of cases and groove plus canal in 50% of the heads. The mediolateral relationship of the vessels to the nerve while emerging from the IOF was investigated, and the artery was always found in a mediosuperior position and the vein was inferior to it. In all specimens, the ION was found to be consisting of 3 to 8 fascicles interwoven with the artery and the vein in the loose connective tissue sheath.CONCLUSIONA detailed knowledge of the anatomic morphometry of this area is necessary for a surgeon while performing maxillofacial surgery and regional block anesthesia. Anatomic variations on this area may take place and a surgeon must take this into consideration so as to increase the surgical success. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003;129: 692‐7.)
Age‐Related Changes in the Vestibular‐Evoked Myogenic Potentials
Authors: Ochi Kentaro , Ohashi Toru 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVEWe sought to investigate the effects of gender and age on the vestibular‐evoked myogenic potential (VEMP).STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGSSixty healthy adult volunteers (28 male and 32 female) were investigated in this study. The subject age was distributed between 20 and 77 years old.RESULTSNo gender‐related differences were detected in the VEMP. There was a significant correlation between age and both the evoking threshold and the pInII amplitude of the VEMP, whereas no significant correlation was observed between age and left‐right differences of the VEMP.CONCLUSIONSThe correlation between age and the parameters of the VEMP is presumably secondary to age‐related functional changes in the sensory and neural elements of the VEMP. It is safe to evaluate the VEMP using the value of the non‐affected side when assessing unilateral lesions. However, it may be necessary to take age into account in evaluating the VEMP when bilateral lesions are suspected.