bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning-based electrocardiogram rhythm and beat features for heart abnormality classification
Authors: Darmawahyuni Annisa , Nurmaini Siti , Rachmatullah Muhammad Naufal , Tutuko Bambang , Sapitri Ade Iriani , Firdaus Firdaus , Fansyuri Ahmad , Predyansyah Aldi 
Published: January 2022

Background
Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal classification plays a critical role in the automatic diagnosis of heart abnormalities. While most ECG signal patterns cannot be recognized by a human interpreter, they can be detected with precision using artificial intelligence approaches, making the ECG a powerful non-invasive biomarker. However, performing rapid and accurate ECG signal classification is difficult due to the low amplitude, complexity, and non-linearity. The widely-available deep learning (DL) method we propose has presented an opportunity to substantially improve the accuracy of automated ECG classification analysis using rhythm or beat features. Unfortunately, a comprehensive and general evaluation of the specific DL architecture for ECG analysis across a wide variety of rhythm and beat features has not been previously reported. Some previous studies have been concerned with detecting ECG class abnormalities only through rhythm or beat features separately.

Methods
This study proposes a single architecture based on the DL method with one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) architecture, to automatically classify 24 patterns of ECG signals through both rhythm and beat. To validate the proposed model, five databases which consisted of nine-class of ECG-base rhythm and 15-class of ECG-based beat were used in this study. The proposed DL network was applied and studied with varying datasets with different frequency samplings in intra and inter-patient scheme.

Results
Using a 10-fold cross-validation scheme, the performance results had an accuracy of 99.98%, a sensitivity of 99.90%, a specificity of 99.89%, a precision of 99.90%, and an F1-score of 99.99% for ECG rhythm classification. Additionally, for ECG beat classification, the model obtained an accuracy of 99.87%, a sensitivity of 96.97%, a specificity of 99.89%, a precision of 92.23%, and an F1-score of 94.39%. In conclusion, this study provides clinicians with an advanced methodology for detecting and discriminating heart abnormalities between different ECG rhythm and beat assessments by using one outstanding proposed DL architecture.
Isolation, identification and characterization of nitrogen fixing endophytic bacteria and their effects on cassava production
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Tong Juanjuan , Dong Mengmeng , Akhtar Kashif , He Bing 
Published: January 2022

Background
Cassava (Manibot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most important among tuber crops. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer used for cassava production is relatively high (400 kg ha−1), but there are few studies on biological nitrogen fixation in this crop. Therefore, it is particularly important to study whether cassava and microorganisms have the associated nitrogen-fixing and other promoting effects of endophytic bacteria.

Methods
We screened 10 endophytic bacteria using the nitrogen-free culture method from the roots of seven cassava cultivars, and the nitrogenase activity of the A02 strain was the highest 95.81 nmol mL−1 h−1. The A02 strain was confirmed as Microbacteriaceae, Curtobacterium using 16S rRNA sequence alignment. The biological and morphological characteristics of strain A02 were further analyzed.

Results
The experimental results showed that the biomass of roots, stems, and leaves of cassava inoculated with A02 increased by 17.6%, 12.6%, and 10.3%, respectively, compared to that of the control (without A02 inoculation). These results were not only related to the secretion of auxin (IAA) and solubilization of phosphate but also in the promotion of biological nitrogen fixation of cassava leaves by strain A02. Moreover, the highest 95.81 nmol mL−1h−1 of nitrogenase activity was reported in strain A02, and thus more nitrogen fixation was observed in strain A02. In conclusion, A02 is a newly discovered endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in cassava that can be further used in the research of biological bacterial fertilizers.
Surveys on Familial and Individual Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) on Mosquitoes and Malaria Vector Control in Lobito (Angola)
Authors: Foumane V. , Toto J. C. , Soyto A. Moniz , Carnevale G. , Carnevale P. 
Published: January 2022

A cluster sampling survey was implemented in Lobito town (Angola) before the scheduled large distribution of long lasting insecticide treated nets in the framework of the National Malaria Control Program to get base line data on the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of population against mosquitoes and vector borne diseases. A total sample of 420 households (representing 2384 inhabitants) was involved and interviewed and it appeared that 94% of them complained against mosquitoes as biting and boring nuisance while 22% reported their fear about vector borne diseases. 94% are developing some method against mosquitoes at household level, mainly commercial insecticide spray cans (57%) bednets (53%), mosquito coils (38%) and often several methods are used (such as spray before sleeping then bed net or coils during the night). It was reported an average of 2.4 bed/house but only 1 bednet/house showing the need for procuring nets for everyone. The main reasons for non-using nets are “uncomfortable” (reported by 30% while it was only 10% by people actually using the net!), hot, not easy to use while the costs did not appear as the main problem. The estimated cost of mosquito control at household level was estimated at around 2 to 4 $/month 25% of households declared having had a child sick during the last 15 days with a cost around 5 to 10 $ US; cost which was similar for treatment of child or adults.
It would be interesting to implement such KAP surveys after the distribution of LLIN in the framework of the National Malaria Control and underline changes in perception and use of mosquito/malaria vector control at household level.
Quasi‐Oppositional Whale Optimization Optimized Load Frequency Stabilization of Hybrid Power Systems Integrated with Electric Vehicle
Authors: Mudi Joyti , Shiva Chandan Kumar , Mukherjee Vivekananda 
Published: January 2022

AbstractElectric vehicle (EV) provides the most promising transportation system at present and also for the future. The uncertainties are introduced when EVs are connected to the grid, which becomes a new challenge for the load frequency control (LFC) of a power system. This paper explores the LFC of a hybrid power system (HPS) integrated with EV. The isolated HPS (IHPS) considered for this work consists of a combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT), a diesel engine generator (DEG), a wind turbine generator (WTG) and a solar photovoltaic generating unit. A superconducting magnetic energy storage is used to give uninterrupted power supply and to improve the dynamic stability to the system. The performance of charging and discharging of EV's battery is also analyzed. To enhance the performance of the EV, a proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controller is employed for controlling the pulse of the static switches. In concern with the LFC task, the PID controller is also used for WTG, CCGT, and DEG. The controller gains are tuned by the use of quasi‐oppositional whale optimization algorithm (QOWOA). The performance of IHPS model is studied under different load perturbations. A comparative dynamic response of frequency deviation profile is plotted subjected to QOWOA based PID controller.
Effects of warming and drought stress on winter wheat in Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Sha Huimin , Li Qi , Sun Xipeng , Hu Zhenghua , Qiao Yunfa , Ma Wenhui , Wang Xiaoyu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe used the World Food Studies (WOFOST) model to analyze meteorological, soil, and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth period data in Xuzhou, Huaian, and Changzhou, Jiangsu Province from 2008 to 2017. The data collected were used to study the effects of warming and drought on winter wheat yield and dry matter accumulation. The simulation results showed that single warming stress (1, 2, and 3 ℃), drought stress (mild, moderate, and severe), and combined drought and warming stress can reduce the yield of winter wheat. The highest yield reduction rate was 25.5% in Changzhou under the condition of single warming, and the yield reduction rate increased by 5% when the soil relative humidity decreased by 10% under the condition of single drought. The grain dry matter formation of winter wheat was also inhibited by warming and drought, and the lowest dry matter ratio was only 42.4% in Changzhou under drought. The influence of combined stress was greater than that of single stress under various contrasts. However, in the middle of Jiangsu Province, the yield of winter wheat was most affected by drought, and the distribution of dry matter accumulation decreased from south to north. The yield reduction of winter wheat under other stresses increased from south to north, and the dry matter distribution of grain was lower in the south than in the north and lower in the central part of Jiangsu Province.
Hydration of Nitriles Enabled by PNP−manganese Pincer Catalyst
Authors: Wen Xiaoting , He Jingxi , Xi Hui , Zheng Qi , Liu Weiping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA general and practical methodology for the hydration of nitriles to primary amides enabled by manganese catalyst is presented. The described protocol shows broad substrate scope with good functional group tolerance, including a wide range of (hetero)aromatic and aliphatic nitriles, thus afforded the corresponding amides in good to excellent isolated yields under mild conditions. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that metal‐ligand cooperation (MLC) mode was involved in this catalytic process.
Rational Design of Phe‐BODIPY Amino Acids as Fluorogenic Building Blocks for Peptide‐Based Detection of Urinary Tract Candida Infections
Authors: Mendive‐Tapia Lorena , Mendive‐Tapia David , Zhao Can , Gordon Doireann , Benson Sam , Bromley Michael J. , Wang Wei , Wu Jun , Kopp Adelina , Ackermann Lutz , Vendrell Marc 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFungal infections caused by Candida species are among the most prevalent in hospitalized patients. However, current methods for the detection of Candida fungal cells in clinical samples rely on time‐consuming assays that hamper rapid and reliable diagnosis. Herein, we describe the rational development of new Phe‐BODIPY amino acids as small fluorogenic building blocks and their application to generate fluorescent antimicrobial peptides for rapid labelling of Candida cells in urine. We have used computational methods to analyse the fluorogenic behaviour of BODIPY‐substituted aromatic amino acids and performed bioactivity and confocal microscopy experiments in different strains to confirm the utility and versatility of peptides incorporating Phe‐BODIPYs. Finally, we have designed a simple and sensitive fluorescence‐based assay for the detection of Candida albicans in human urine samples.
Oxidative coupling of primary amines to imines catalyzed by CoCl2·6H2O
Authors: Lian Chengxi , Zhang Chaoying , Zhao Yingchun , Wang Hui , Li Xiufen , Huang Longjiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA high‐performance, readily available and eco‐friendly cobalt catalyst has been suggested for the first time for the additive‐free oxidative coupling of primary amines to imines. Different substituted benzylamine and heteroaryl methanamine compounds could be transformed into their corresponding imines in good to excellent yields over this catalyst. Meanwhile, it has been demonstrated that this catalyst can also afford the oxidative coupling of various benzylamines with o‐phenylenediamine to produce benzimidazole derivatives in medium to good yields.
Contribution of Necroptosis to Myofiber Death in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies
Authors: Peng Qing‐Lin , Zhang Ya‐Mei , Liu Yan‐Chun , Liang Lin , Li Wen‐Li , Tian Xiao‐Lan , Zhang Lu , Yang Hong‐Xia , Lu Xin , Wang Guo‐Chun 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveMyofiber necrosis is a significant pathologic characteristic of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), and its molecular mechanism is largely unknown. Necroptosis is a recently identified form of regulated necrotic cell death, and its activation might have crucial biologic consequences. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of necroptosis in IIM muscle damage.MethodsWestern blot and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed to examine the expression of receptor‐interacting protein 3 (RIP‐3) and mixed‐lineage kinase domain–like (MLKL) proteins in 26 IIM patients and 4 healthy controls, as well as necroptosis‐related damage–associated molecular pattern molecules. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was used to stimulate cultured C2C12 myoblasts, and the involvement of necroptosis in cell death of C2C12 cells was studied in vitro.ResultsThe expression of RIP‐3 and MLKL proteins and their phosphorylated forms was significantly increased in the muscle tissue of IIM patients compared to that of healthy controls. The expression levels of RIP‐3 and MLKL proteins were associated with the severity of muscle damage in patients with IIM. Significant colocalization of MLKL with high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 in necrotizing myofibers was observed in muscle biopsy tissue from patients with IIM. Stimulation of C2C12 myoblasts with TNF and a pan‐caspase inhibitor, Z‐VAD, resulted in the overactivation of necroptosis and significantly increased necrotic cell death. Strategies involving either inhibition of necroptosis with necrostatin‐1 or knockdown of MLKL expression successfully prevented necroptosis‐induced cell death of C2C12 cells.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that overactivated necroptosis contributes to muscle damage in IIMs and suggest that necroptosis inhibitors could represent a new therapeutic target in the treatment of IIMs.
A longitudinal approach for understanding algorithm use
Authors: Chacon Alvaro , Kausel Edgar E. , Reyes Tomas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResearch suggests that algorithms—based on artificial intelligence or linear regression models—make better predictions than humans in a wide range of domains. Several studies have examined the degree to which people use algorithms. However, these studies have been mostly cross‐sectional and thus have failed to address the dynamic nature of algorithm use. In the present paper, we examined algorithm use with a novel longitudinal approach outside the lab. Specifically, we conducted two ecological momentary assessment studies in which 401 participants made financial predictions for 18 days in two tasks. Relying on the judge‐advisor system framework, we examined how time interacted with advice source (human vs. algorithm) and advisor accuracy to predict advice taking. Our results showed that when the advice was inaccurate, people tended to use algorithm advice less than human advice across the period studied. Inaccurate algorithms were penalized logarithmically; the effect was initially strong but tended to fade over time. This suggests that first impressions are crucial and produce significant changes in advice taking at the beginning of the interaction, which later tends to stabilize as days go by. Therefore, inaccurate algorithms are more likely to accrue a negative reputation than inaccurate humans, even when having the same level of performance.
Designed SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor binding domain variants form stable monomers
Authors: Klausberger Miriam , Kienzl Nikolaus F. , Stadlmayr Gerhard , Grünwald‐Gruber Clemens , Laurent Elisabeth , Stadlbauer Katharina , Stracke Florian , Vierlinger Klemens , Hofner Manuela , Manhart Gabriele , Gerner Wilhelm , Grebien Florian , Weinhäusel Andreas , Mach Lukas , Wozniak‐Knopp Gordana 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike (S)‐protein is a prime target of virus‐neutralizing antibodies present in convalescent sera of COVID‐19 patients and thus is considered a key antigen for immunosurveillance studies and vaccine development. Although recombinant expression of RBD has been achieved in several eukaryotic systems, mammalian cells have proven particularly useful. The authors aimed to optimize RBD produced in HEK293‐6E cells towards a stable homogeneous preparation and addressed its O‐glycosylation as well as the unpaired cysteine residue 538 in the widely used RBD (319‐541) sequence. The authors found that an intact O‐glycosylation site at T323 is highly relevant for the expression and maintenance of RBD as a monomer. Furthermore, it was shown that deletion or substitution of the unpaired cysteine residue C538 reduces the intrinsic propensity of RBD to form oligomeric aggregates, concomitant with an increased yield of the monomeric form of the protein. Bead‐based and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays utilizing these optimized RBD variants displayed excellent performance with respect to the specific detection of even low levels of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in convalescent sera. Hence, these RBD variants could be instrumental for the further development of serological SARS‐CoV‐2 tests and inform the design of RBD‐based vaccine candidates.
Photodissociation dynamics of chlorobenzene and 4‐fluoroiodobenzene in CCl4 probed using time‐resolved infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Park Yejin , Park Seongchul , Shin Juhyang , Lim Manho 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe dynamics of photoexcited chlorobenzene (PhCl) and 4‐fluoroiodobenzne (4‐FPhI) in CCl4 were investigated using time‐resolved infrared spectroscopy. When excited at 267 nm, 50% (70%) of the excited PhCl (4‐FPhI) dissociates the Cl (I) atom immediately, and the remaining molecules relax into the T1 state via intersystem crossing (ISC) with a time constant of 70–80 ps. About half of the dissociated halogen atoms geminately recombine with the nascent radical with a time constant of 100–150 ps, reducing the number of generated radicals that are available to react with other reaction partners. The remaining radicals also recombine with the dissociated halogen atom on a timescale of tens of nanoseconds. Interestingly, the ISC of the light Cl‐atom‐involved PhCl was as efficient as that of the heavy I‐atom‐involved 4‐FPhI. Detailed photoexcitation dynamic studies of PhCl and 4‐FPhI can be utilized to understand the reaction dynamics of Ph and its derivatives.
Organic Chlorides in Petroleum Crude Oil: Challenges for Refinery and Mitigations
Authors: Mitra Shouvik , Sulakhe Swapnil , Shown Biswajit , Mandal Sukumar , Das Asit K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCrude oils contain chloride impurities, including some organic components termed as ‘organic chloride'. Owing to the high dissociation energy of the C‐Cl bond, organic chlorides are very difficult to remove during the desalting process unlike inorganic chloride salts. Failure to properly remove organic chlorides could have a significant adverse effect on petroleum refinery equipment in terms of corrosion during crude oil processing. Therefore, stringent specification of organic chlorides is being maintained throughout the refining process to avoid corrosion‐related incidents. Generally, a guard bed column is used for the removal of organic chlorides in the downstream of the refining process. Guard bed columns are comprised of metal oxide‐based components that operate at a very high temperature. In contrast, a phase transfer catalyst (PTC)‐based process for organic chloride removal at the upstream of the refining process is established up to lab‐scale and with model compounds only. This review is aimed to highlight the technical challenges associated with organic chloride contamination in refining processes and plausible methods and techniques available for smooth refining operations.
Amniotic epithelial cells accelerate diabetic wound healing by protecting keratinocytes and fibroblasts from high‐glucose‐induced senescence
Authors: Shu Futing , Gao Haojie , Wu Wenfeng , Yu Shaoshuo , Zhang Lianjie , Liu Huazhen , Xiao Shichu , Xia Zhaofan , Zheng Yongjun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHuman amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs), one of the stem cells identified from the human placenta, possess numerous advantages and have been considered as an attractive and available cell source for regenerative medicine. Accumulating evidence has showed that cellular senescence was one of the pathogenic hubs of diabetic wound chronicity. Keratinocytes and fibroblasts are the primary cells involved in wound healing. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the anti‐senescence effects of hAECs on keratinocytes and fibroblasts in diabetic wounds. Sustained hyperglycemia impaired cell function and accelerated senescence in vitro. However, this phenotype was rescued by hAECs‐conditioned medium (hAECs‐CM), with increased migration and proliferation in keratinocytes and fibroblasts and enhanced collagen synthesis and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) production in fibroblasts. In addition, hAECs‐CM dramatically inhibited intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) in keratinocytes and fibroblasts under high‐glucose (HG) condition. Moreover, hAECs‐CM could downregulate the increased RAGE and P21 induced by continuous HG stimulation. Intradermal injection of hAECs in diabetic wounds promoted re‐epithelialization and granulation tissue formation, accompanied by decreased P21+ cells and increased PCNA+ cells in epidermis and dermis, as well as promoted collagen deposition and α‐SMA expression. Furthermore, CM‐Dil‐labeled hAECs survived to Day 5 but disappeared by Day 10 in diabetic wounds. These findings indicated that hAECs could inhibit diabetes‐induced premature senescence and enhance the function of keratinocytes and fibroblasts via paracrine effects, partly by inhibiting RAGE/P21 signaling pathway. Thus, hAECs targeting cellular senescence induced by a hyperglycemic environment may be a new strategy for the treatment of diabetic wounds.
Effectiveness and safety of bivalirudin in elderly patients with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A real‐world study
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Xiying , Ma Sicong , Na Kun , Qi Zizhao , Xu Ying , Qiu Miaohan , Han Yaling , Li Yi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness and safety of bivalirudin compared with heparin monotherapy in elderly patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundBivalirudin is recommended for periprocedural use in patients undergoing PCI who are of high bleeding risk. However, its safe and efficacious use in elderly patients, a typical high bleeding risk cohort, in real world practice is yet to be reported.MethodsIn this single center, real‐world observational study, 4736 consecutive elderly patients who underwent PCI were enrolled. Of these, 1240 were treated with bivalirudin and 3496 with heparin according to the periprocedural anticoagulation strategies of PCI. The primary outcome was 12‐month net adverse clinical events (NACE) defined as a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stroke, revascularization, or any bleeding. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance baseline characteristics between groups.ResultsAfter PSM, bivalirudin was found to be associated with lower rates of NACE (19.1% vs. 24.7%, p = 0.002), cardiac death (2.7% vs. 4.3%, p = 0.038), and any bleeding (10.0% vs. 12.9%, p = 0.023) compared to heparin monotherapy. No differences were found in the incidences of myocardial infarction, stroke, revascularization, stent thrombosis (0.1% vs. 0.1%, p = 1.000), and major bleedings (0.5% vs. 0.5%, p = 1.000) between the two patient groups.ConclusionIn this real‐world observational study, periprocedural use of bivalirudin in elderly patients who underwent PCI was associated with less cardiac death and any bleeding compared to heparin monotherapy, without increased risk of stent thrombosis.