bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential for treg-enhancing therapies in nervous system pathologies
Authors: Olson Katherine E , Mosley R L , Gendelman Howard E 
Published: August 2022

SummaryWhile inflammation may not be the cause of disease, it is well known that it contributes to disease pathogenesis across a multitude of peripheral and central nervous system disorders. Chronic and overactive inflammation due to an effector T-cell-mediated aberrant immune response ultimately leads to tissue damage and neuronal cell death. To counteract peripheral and neuroinflammatory responses, research is being focused on regulatory T cell enhancement as a therapeutic target. Regulatory T cells are an immunosuppressive subpopulation of CD4+ T helper cells essential for maintaining immune homeostasis. The cells play pivotal roles in suppressing immune responses to maintain immune tolerance. In so doing, they control T cell proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production curtailing autoimmunity and inflammation. For nervous system pathologies, Treg are known to affect the onset and tempo of neural injuries. To this end, we review recent findings supporting Treg’s role in disease, as well as serving as a therapeutic agent in multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Guillain–Barre syndrome, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. An ever-broader role for Treg in the control of neurologic disease has been shown for traumatic brain injury, stroke, neurotrophic pain, epilepsy, and psychiatric disorders. To such ends, this review serves to examine the role played by Tregs in nervous system diseases with a focus on harnessing their functional therapeutic role(s).
Development and Validation of a Risk Score to Differentiate Viral and Autoimmune Encephalitis in Adults
Authors: Granillo Alejandro , Le Maréchal Marion , Diaz-Arias Luisa , Probasco John , Venkatesan Arun , Hasbun Rodrigo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Encephalitis represents a challenging condition to diagnose and treat. To assist physicians in considering autoimmune encephalitis (AE) sooner, we developed and validated a risk score.

Methods
The study was conducted as a retrospective cohort of patients with a diagnosis of definite viral encephalitis (VE) and AE from​​ February 2005 to December 2019. Clinically relevant and statistically significant features between cases of AE and VE were explored in a bivariate logistic regression model and results were used to identify variables for inclusion in the risk score. A multivariable logistic model was used to generate risk score values and predict risk for AE. Results were externally validated.

Results
A total of 1310 patients were screened. Of the 279 enrolled, 36 patients met criteria for definite AE and 88 criteria for definite VE. Patients with AE compared with VE were more likely to have a subacute to chronic presentation (odds ratio [OR] = 22.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.05–243.7), Charlson comorbidity index &lt;2 (OR = 6.62; 95% CI, 1.05–41.4), psychiatric and/or memory complaints (OR = 203.0; 95% CI, 7.57–5445), and absence of robust inflammation in the cerebrospinal fluid defined as &lt;50 white blood cells/µL and protein &lt;50 mg/dL (OR = 0.06; 95% CI, .005–0.50). Using these 4 variables, patients were classified into 3 risk categories for AE: low (0–1), intermediate (2–3), and high (4). Results were externally validated and the performance of the score achieved an area under the curve of 0.918 (95% CI, .871–.966).

Discussion
This risk score allows clinicians to estimate the probability of AE in patients presenting with encephalitis and may assist with earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Comprehensive analysis of 124 transcriptomes from 31 tissues in developing, juvenile, and adult Japanese Black cattle
Authors: Arishima Taichi , Wakaguri Hiroyuki , Nakashima Ryotaro , Sakakihara Seigo , Kawashima Keisuke , Sugimoto Yoshikazu , Suzuki Yutaka , Sasaki Shinji 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Omic analyses of economically important animals, including Japanese Black cattle, are currently underway worldwide. In particular, tissue and developmental stage-specific transcriptome characterization is essential for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the phenotypic expression of genetic disorders and economic traits. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of 124 transcriptomes across 31 major tissues from fetuses, juvenile calves, and adult Japanese Black cattle using short-read sequencing. We found that genes exhibiting high tissue-specific expression tended to increase after 60 days from fertilization and significantly reflected tissue-relevant biology. Based on gene expression variation and inflection points during development, we categorized gene expression patterns as stable, increased, decreased, temporary, or complex in each tissue. We also analysed the expression profiles of causative genes (e.g. SLC12A1, ANXA10, and MYH6) for genetic disorders in cattle, revealing disease-relevant expression patterns. In addition, to directly analyse the structure of full-length transcripts without transcript reconstruction, we performed RNA sequencing analysis of 22 tissues using long-read sequencing and identified 232 novel non-RefSeq isoforms. Collectively, our comprehensive transcriptomic analysis can serve as an important resource for the biological and functional interpretation of gene expression and enable the mechanistic interpretation of genetic disorders and economic traits in Japanese Black cattle.
Reimbursement practices for use of digital devices in atrial fibrillation and other arrhythmias: a European Heart Rhythm Association survey
Authors: Boriani Giuseppe , Svennberg Emma , Guerra Federico , Linz Dominik , Casado-Arroyo Ruben , Malaczynska-Rajpold Katarzyna , Duncker David , Boveda Serge , Merino Josè Luis , Leclercq Christophe 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Since digital devices are increasingly used in cardiology for assessing cardiac rhythm and detecting arrhythmias, especially atrial fibrillation (AF), our aim was to evaluate the expectations and opinions of healthcare professionals in Europe on reimbursement policies for the use of digital devices (including wearables) in AF and other arrhythmias. An anonymous survey was proposed through announcements on the European Heart Rhythm Association website, social media channels, and mail newsletter. Two hundred and seventeen healthcare professionals participated in the survey: 32.7%, reported regular use of digital devices, 45.2% reported that they sometimes use these tools, 18.6% that they do not use but would like to. Only a minority (3.5%) reported a lack of trust in digital devices. The survey highlighted a general propensity to provide medical consultation for suspected AF or other arrhythmias detected by a consumer-initiated use of digital devices, even if time constraints and reimbursement availability emerged as important elements. More than 85% of respondents agreed that reimbursement should be applied for clinical use of digital devices, also in different settings such as post-stroke, post-cardioversion, post-ablation, and in patients with palpitations or syncope. Finally, 73.6% of respondents confirmed a lack of reimbursement fees in their country for physicians’ consultations (tracings interpretation) related to digital devices. Digital devices, including wearables, are increasingly and widely used for assessing cardiac rhythm and detecting AF, but a definition of reimbursement policies for physicians’ consultations is needed.
A simple force balance model of subduction initiation
Authors: Li Yida , Gurnis Michael 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARY
The initiation and development of subduction zones are associated with substantial stress changes both within plates and at plate boundaries. We formulate a simple analytical model based on the force balance equation of a subduction zone, and validate it with numerical calculations of highly non-linear, coupled thermomechanical system. With two kinds of boundary conditions with either fixed velocity or fixed force in the far-field, we quantitatively analyse the role of each component in the force balance equation, including slab pull, interplate friction, plate bending and basal traction, on the kinematics and stress state of a subducting plate. Based on the numerical and analytical models, we discuss the evolution of plate curvature, the role of plastic yielding and elasticity, and how different factors affect the timing of subduction initiation. We demonstrate with the presence of plastic yielding for a plate of thickness, H, that the bending force is proportional to H2, instead of H3 as previously thought. Although elasticity increases the force required to start nucleating subduction it does not substantially change the total work required to initiate a subduction zone when the yielding stress is small. The analytical model provides an excellent fit to the total work and time to initiate subduction and the force and velocity as a function of convergence and time. Plate convergence and weakening rate during nucleation are the dominant factors influencing the force balance of the plate, and 200 km of plate convergence is typically required to bring a nascent subduction zone into a self-sustaining state. The closed-form solution now provides a framework to better interpret even more complex, time-dependent systems in three dimensions.
Presidential Influence and Public Opinion During Crises: The Case of COVID-19 in Brazil
Authors: Batista Pereira Frederico , Nunes Felipe 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Can presidential messages influence public opinion? The scholarship shows that common features in developed democracies such as fragmented audiences and partisan reasoning tend to limit the persuasive effects of the bully pulpit. In this article, we argue that the effectiveness of the presidential rhetoric is context dependent. Presidents will be the most likely to persuade public opinion when they seek to break consensus by using messages that activate defection among their supporters. To examine this framework, we focus on the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, where the outbreak was initially a valence issue, but quickly it became a divisive matter among the public. We use a survey experiment conducted days before the President Bolsonaro’s national televised address to show that cueing subjects with one of his earlier denialist remarks about the outbreak polarized opinions. We then use Bayesian change-point models to demonstrate how his major televised speeches affected daily trends in online searches related to the pandemic during the first and the most crucial weeks of the outbreak. The findings shed light on the circumstances in which presidential influence can not only be most powerful, but also most harmful.
Can Exceptionalism Withstand Crises? An Evaluation of the Arctic Council's Response to Climate Change and Russia's War on Ukraine
Authors: Gricius Gabriella , Fitz Erin B 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
For almost three decades, the Arctic Council has been considered exceptional in its approach to domestic, environmental, and geopolitical issues. Russia's 2022 war on Ukraine and the subsequent pause of the Arctic Council, however, give cause to question whether the Arctic Council remains exceptional in the face of actual crises. We explore this question in two ways: as an endogenous crisis, we provide a systematic literature review of publications on Arctic Council climate change governance. As an exogenous crisis, we explore the Arctic Council's pause given the Russia–Ukraine war. Taken together, our findings suggest that while the Arctic Council has the potential for exceptionalism, it lacks the capacity to substantively respond to crises. In turn, our study provides further evidence to suggest that even idealized institutions may not truly offer unique methods for withstanding environmental and geopolitical challenges; furthermore, it highlights the precariousness of intergovernmental institutions considered broadly.
Aspartic proteases modulate programmed cell death and secondary cell wall synthesis during wood formation in poplar
Authors: Cao Shenquan , Guo Mengjie , Cheng Jiyao , Cheng Hao , Liu Xiaomeng , Ji Huanhuan , Liu Guanjun , Cheng Yuxiang , Yang Chuanping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProgrammed cell death (PCD) is essential for wood development in trees. However, the determination of crucial factors involved in xylem PCD of wood development is still lacking. Here, two Populus trichocarpa typical aspartic protease (AP) genes, AP17 and AP45, modulate xylem maturation, especially fibre PCD, during wood formation. AP17 and AP45 were dominantly expressed in the fibres of secondary xylem, as suggested by GUS expression in APpro::GUS transgenic plants. Cas9/gRNA-induced AP17 or AP45 mutants delayed secondary xylem fibre PCD, and ap17ap45 double mutants showed more serious defects. Conversely, AP17 overexpression caused premature PCD in secondary xylem fibres, indicating a positive modulation in wood fibre PCD. Loss of AP17 and AP45 did not alter wood fibre wall thickness, whereas the ap17ap45 mutants showed a low lignin content in wood. However, AP17 overexpression led to a significant decrease in wood fibre wall thickness and lignin content, revealing the involvement in secondary cell wall synthesis during wood formation. In addition, the ap17ap45 mutant and AP17 overexpression plants resulted in a significant increase in saccharification yield in wood. Overall, AP17 and AP45 are crucial modulators in xylem maturation during wood development, providing potential candidate genes for engineering lignocellulosic wood for biofuel utilization.
A machine-learning classifier for LOFAR radio galaxy cross-matching techniques
Authors: Alegre Lara , Sabater Jose , Best Philip , Mostert Rafaël I J , Williams Wendy L , Gürkan Gülay , Hardcastle Martin J , Kondapally Rohit , Shimwell Tim W , Smith Daniel J B 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
New-generation radio telescopes like LOFAR are conducting extensive sky surveys, detecting millions of sources. To maximize the scientific value of these surveys, radio source components must be properly associated into physical sources before being cross-matched with their optical/infrared counterparts. In this paper, we use machine learning to identify those radio sources for which either source association is required or statistical cross-matching to optical/infrared catalogues is unreliable. We train a binary classifier using manual annotations from the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS). We find that, compared to a classification model based on just the radio source parameters, the addition of features of the nearest-neighbour radio sources, the potential optical host galaxy, and the radio source composition in terms of Gaussian components, all improve model performance. Our best model, a gradient boosting classifier, achieves an accuracy of 95 per cent on a balanced data set and 96 per cent on the whole (unbalanced) sample after optimizing the classification threshold. Unsurprisingly, the classifier performs best on small, unresolved radio sources, reaching almost 99 per cent accuracy for sources smaller than 15 arcsec, but still achieves 70 per cent accuracy on resolved sources. It flags 68 per cent more sources than required as needing visual inspection, but this is still fewer than the manually developed decision tree used in LoTSS, while also having a lower rate of wrongly accepted sources for statistical analysis. The results have an immediate practical application for cross-matching the next LoTSS data releases and can be generalized to other radio surveys.
The impact of Covid-19 on research into work and health
Authors: Parsons V , Wainwright E , Karanika-Murray M , Muiry G , Demou E 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
The global coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic created a profound disruption to the delivery of planned scientific research with unknown immediate and potentially longer-term impacts.

Aims
We explored researchers’ experiences of the impact of the pandemic on the continued development and delivery of research into work and health, and on research infrastructure in this field.

Methods
A cross-sectional study.

Results
Thirty-three questionnaires were completed, representing a response rate of 15%. Sixty-one per cent of respondents were female, the majority (78%) had over 11 years of research experience and 76% worked mainly in academia. Most respondents (88%) were able to progress with research during the pandemic. A small proportion (4%) had studies paused or suspended due to the pandemic, while a larger proportion (19%) had research staff redeployed to assist with other studies or furloughed. Respondents described a range of emerging practical and logistical issues for research into work and health during the pandemic. Some benefited from increased opportunities to collaborate on new multidisciplinary studies, opportunities to engage participants in work and health research, and more flexible and inclusive work practices. Others experienced challenges that had an adverse impact, such as hampering research delivery (e.g. barriers to participant screening and intervention delivery), poor (home) working environments, reduced team cohesion and isolation. A range of future priorities for research was highlighted.

Conclusions
We describe lessons learned and opportunities that can be used to support or further research activities in the field of work and health research in the future.
Occupation and 20-year hearing decline: findings from The HUNT Study
Authors: Molaug I , Engdahl B , Degerud E , Mehlum I S , Aarhus L 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Studies show that certain occupations are associated with an increased risk of hearing loss. However, many studies are cross-sectional, and the few longitudinal studies are mostly small or focus on only one occupation.

Aims
We aimed to quantify the long-term hearing decline among workers in different occupations and assess whether the change differs between the occupations.

Methods
The study population was 4525 adults who participated in two population-based health studies in Norway, HUNT2 1996–1998 and HUNT4 2017–2019. Linear regression models assessed the association between occupations (clerks as reference) and 20-year hearing decline (hearing thresholds at 3–6 kHz, averaged over both ears) from HUNT2 to HUNT4. Models were adjusted for age, sex, recurrent ear infections, smoking and ear pathology.

Results
Among the participants (40% men), the mean age at HUNT2 was 31.2 ± 5.4 years (range 20–39) and the average 20-year hearing decline was 11.3 ± 9.8 dB. Occupations that were associated with larger hearing decline included other craft and related trades workers (3.9 dB, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.2–7.7) and building frame and related trades workers (3.4 dB, 95% CI 1.3–5.4). Among occupations with larger hearing decline, a higher proportion of the workers reported exposure to noise.

Conclusions
This large longitudinal study shows a larger long-term hearing decline among building frame workers and craft and related trades workers. Differences between occupations were modest, which may indicate successful preventive measures in Norway during the last two decades.
Medium-chain triglyceride production in Nannochloropsis via a fatty acid chain length discriminating mechanism
Authors: Xin Yi , Wang Qintao , Shen Chen , Hu Chunxiu , Shi Xianzhe , Lv Nana , Du Xuefeng , Xu Guowang , Xu Jian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Depending on their fatty acid (FA) chain length, triacylglycerols (TAGs) have distinct applications; thus, a feedstock with a genetically designed chain length is desirable to maximize process efficiency and product versatility. Here, ex vivo, in vitro, and in vivo profiling of the large set of type-2 diacylglycerol acyltransferases (NoDGAT2s) in the industrial oleaginous microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica revealed two endoplasmic reticulum-localized enzymes that can assemble medium-chain FAs (MCFAs) with 8–12 carbons into TAGs. Specifically, NoDGAT2D serves as a generalist that assembles C8-C18 FAs into TAG, whereas NoDGAT2H is a specialist that incorporates only MCFAs into TAG. Based on such specialization, stacking of NoDGAT2D with MCFA- or diacylglycerol-supplying enzymes or regulators, including rationally engineering Cuphea palustris acyl carrier protein thioesterase, Cocos nucifera lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, and Arabidopsis thaliana WRINKLED1, elevated the medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT) share in total TAG 66-fold and MCT productivity 64.8-fold at the peak phase of oil production. Such functional specialization of NoDGAT2s in the chain length of substrates and products reveals a dimension of control in the cellular TAG profile, which can be exploited for producing designer oils in microalgae.
PtoWRKY40 interacts with PtoPHR1-LIKE3 while regulating the phosphate starvation response in poplar
Authors: Chen Ningning , Tong Shaofei , Yang Jian , Qin Jiajia , Wang Weiwei , Chen Kai , Shi Wensen , Li Jiacong , Liu Jianquan , Jiang Yuanzhong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Plants usually suffer from phosphorus starvation because of the low inorganic phosphate (Pi) status of most soils. To cope with this, plants have evolved an adaptive phosphate starvation response (PSR) which involves both developmental and metabolic changes regulated mainly by PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE1 (PHR1) and its homologs. Here, we elucidated how perennial woody plants, such as poplars (Populus spp.), respond to low-Pi stress. We first performed RNA-seq analysis of low-Pi-treated poplars and identified PtoWRKY40 is rapidly downregulated and protein degraded after stress. Overexpressing and knocking-down PtoWRKY40 downregulated and upregulated the expression of Pi starvation signaling genes, respectively, such as PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER1 (PHT1)-type genes and PURPLE ACID PHOSPHATASE genes. PtoWRKY40 bound to the W box in the promoter of several PtoPHT1s and repressed their expression. Moreover, PtoWRKY40 interacted with PtoPHR1-LIKE3 (PtoPHL3), a PHR1 homolog in poplar, to inhibit the latter binding to the P1BS element and thus reduced PtoPHT1s’ transcription under Pi-sufficient conditions. However, Pi deficiency decreased PtoWRKY40 abundance and therefore released its inhibition on PHT1s. In conclusion, we have uncovered a PSR mechanism mediated by PtoWRKY40 and PtoPHL3 which regulates Pi content in poplars, deepening our understanding of how poplars adapt to diverse Pi conditions and regulate appropriate responses to maintain Pi homeostasis.
Deposit-feeding worms control subsurface ecosystem functioning in intertidal sediment with strong physical forcing
Authors: Deng Longhui , Meile Christof , Fiskal Annika , Bölsterli Damian , Han Xingguo , Gajendra Niroshan , Dubois Nathalie , Bernasconi Stefano M , Lever Mark A 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntertidal sands are global hotspots of terrestrial and marine carbon cycling with strong hydrodynamic forcing by waves and tides and high macrofaunal activity. Yet, the relative importance of hydrodynamics and macrofauna in controlling these ecosystems remains unclear. Here, we compare geochemical gradients and bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic gene sequences in intertidal sands dominated by subsurface deposit-feeding worms (Abarenicola pacifica) to adjacent worm-free areas. We show that hydrodynamic forcing controls organismal assemblages in surface sediments, while in deeper layers selective feeding by worms on fine, algae-rich particles strongly decreases the abundance and richness of all three domains. In these deeper layers, bacterial and eukaryotic network connectivity decreases, while percentages of clades involved in degradation of refractory organic matter, oxidative nitrogen, and sulfur cycling increase. Our findings reveal macrofaunal activity as the key driver of biological community structure and functioning, that in turn influence carbon cycling in intertidal sands below the mainly physically controlled surface layer.