bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered attentive bias towards interpersonal communication information across phases of schizophrenia: an eye-tracking study
Authors: Zhu Yikang , Xu Lihua , Guo Qian , Zhang Tianhong , Hu Xiaochen , Enck Paul , Wang Jijun , Li Chunbo 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundEye movement abnormality in schizophrenia has been studied for several decades. However, patient differences in eye movements across phases of schizophrenia from eye-tracking studies have not been well documented.AimsThis pilot study used eye-tracking technology to investigate attentive bias towards interpersonal communication information across different clinical phases of schizophrenia.MethodsThis study included 78 persons at clinical high risk (CHR) for schizophrenia, 68 first-episode (FEZ) patients, and 39 chronically ill patients from the Shanghai At Risk for Psychosis Extending Project (SHARP Extending cohort) as well as 74 healthy controls (HCs). The experiment was an unguided-viewing task composed of 24 trials showing three types of pictures which varied in the degree of interpersonal communication. Type 1 was a scenery picture without people, type 2 was a picture with four people not communicating, and type 3 was a picture with four people communicating. We used two measures: (1) initial fixation duration and (2) total fixation duration.ResultsA ratio for both measures was calculated between measures for pictures with more or less interpersonal communication. The ratio of initial fixation duration for pictures with people communicating versus pictures with people not communicating was lowest in chronically ill patients (0.13 (0.34))compared with HCs (0.31 (0.36)), FEZ patients (0.31 (0.46)), and CHR patients (0.36 (0.42)). The difference in the ratios of initial fixation duration for type 2 and type 3 pictures was also significant for female participants (HCs vs chronically ill patients, t=2.706, p=0.009; CHR patients vs chronically ill patients, t=4.079, p<0.001). In addition, the ratio of initial fixation duration on pictures with people not communicating versus pictures without people negatively correlated with participants’ high-risk symptoms (r=−0.35, p=0.002) among the CHR group and also correlated with the negative symptom subscore on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) among chronically ill patients (r=−0.33, p=0.037). The ratio of initial fixation duration between type 1 and type 3 pictures was associated with PANSS negative symptoms only in female patients with schizophrenia (r=−0.46, p=0.004).ConclusionsThese findings suggest an altered attentive bias towards pictures with a high degree of interpersonal communication information across different clinical phases in schizophrenia. The ratio of initial attentive orienting was associated with negative symptoms in female patients.
The influence of ultrasound image depth and gain on skeletal muscle echo intensity
Authors: Girts Ryan M. , Harmon Kylie K. , Pagan Jason I. , Alberto Ariel , Hernandez Manuel G. , Stock Matt S. 
Published: April 2022

Echo intensity may associate with indicators of skeletal muscle quality, but investigators often use different methodological approaches that may alter echo intensity when acquiring B-mode ultrasound images. We examined the influence of image depth and gain settings on the interpretation of echo intensity. Thirty-six college-aged males and females participated. Ultrasound images of the vastus lateralis were captured in the sagittal plane. Images were captured at depths of 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0 cm and gain settings of 50 and 60 dB in random order. For both gain settings, echo intensity values were similar between 4.0 and 6.0 cm. At a gain of 50 dB, 7.0 cm demonstrated greater values than all other depths. At a gain of 60 dB, 7.0 cm displayed greater values compared to all other depths, but 3.0 cm displayed lower echo intensity values than other depths. Echo intensity was substantially higher when using a gain of 60 dB compared to 50 dB (mean difference ≥ 21.7 arbitrary units, d ≥ 3.47). When planning investigations in new research areas, researchers should carefully consider their study-specific image depth. Echo intensity values are stable between depths of 4.0 and 6.0 cm, suggesting that changing image depth may not be problematic. Image gain must be kept constant. Novelty: Optimal approaches for B-mode ultrasound image acquisition of skeletal muscles remain unclear. Echo intensity is similar between depths of 4.0 and 6.0 cm, regardless of image gain. Investigators should seek to utilize a constant depth setting, but small deviations may be acceptable.
Magma–rock interactions: a review of their influence on magma rising processes with emphasis on short-timescale assimilation of carbonate rocks
Authors: Knuever M. , Sulpizio R. , Mele D. , Costa A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

The interaction of magma and wall-rocks is inevitable when magma is moving through Earth's crust. These interactions happen on different timescales and especially the short-term interactions (seconds to days) during the final ascent of the magma can induce changes in eruption dynamics. However, information on this matter is scarce and scattered in different scientific fields. We conducted this review in order to present a full picture of the state of the art for short-timescale magma–wall-rock interactions. According to the three existing studies on short-term magma–carbonate interactions, magma viscosity is the most important controlling factor for carbonate assimilation. Lower viscosity magmas enhance CO
2
-bubble migration away from the reaction site, resulting in a higher carbonate assimilation rate. The released CO
2
plays an important role regarding eruption dynamics since a higher CO
2
release rate would result in accelerated magma ascent and may increase eruption intensity. Despite the importance for hazard assessment, important factors (pressure, magma composition, vapour phase solubilities, carbonate clast properties) for carbonate assimilation in general and CO
2
release rate in particular are not or only poorly constrained. This review presents the present-day knowledge of short-term magma–carbonate interaction that is relevant to establish the basis for future work concerning magma–wall-rock interactions.
Application of Emergency Specialist Nursing Combined with Green Channel Mode in Patients with Limb Amputation
Authors: Qian Zaiyun , Wang Min , Xu Tonglong 
Published: April 2022

Background. The treatment of limb amputation is always a challenge to emergency medical staff. The success of replantation of severed limbs requires not only emergency professional nursing measures but also rapid transport against time. We that found emergency specialist nursing combined with green channel mode can effectively improve the success rate of amputated limb replantation surgery. Methods. From September 2017 to August 2020, the medical records of 80 patients with severed limb replantation treated by the emergency department of our hospital were collected and divided into the control group and the experimental group. 36 patients in the control group were emergency patients treated from September 2017 to May 2019. These patients did not take appropriate emergency specialist nursing measures and opened green channels at that time; the other 44 patients were in the experimental group, for emergency patients treated from June 2019 to August 2020. These patients have received emergency specialist care and opened a green channel. We recorded the gender, age, preoperative examination time, and success rate of amputated limb replantation surgery of the two groups of patients. Results. The age of the patients in the control group was

41.17
±
8.00

years old, and the age of the patients in the experimental group was

41.07
±
7.31

years old (

P
>
0.05

). The preoperative examination time of the patients in the control group was

46.53
±
4.11

min, and the preoperative examination time of the patients in the experimental group was

40.34
±
5.85

min (

P
<
0.05

); the replantation success rate of the control group was 72.2%, and the replantation success rate of the experimental group was 81.8% (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Standardized emergency specialist nursing measures combined with green channel mode can effectively shorten the preoperative examination time and help improve the success rate of amputated limb replantation surgery.
Examining the Association of Food Insecurity and Being Up-to-Date for Breast and Colorectal Cancer Screenings
Authors: Mendoza Jason A. , Miller Carrie A. , Martin Kelly J. , Resnicow Ken , Iachan Ronaldo , Faseru Babalola , McDaniels-Davidson Corinne , Deng Yangyang , Martinez Maria Elena , Demark-Wahnefried Wendy , Leader Amy E. , Lazovich DeAnn , Jensen Jakob D. , Briant Katherine J. , Fuemmeler Bernard F. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background:
Food insecurity (FI) has been associated with poor access to health care. It is unclear whether this association is beyond that predicted by income, education, and health insurance. FI may serve as a target for intervention given the many programs designed to ameliorate FI. We examined the association of FI with being up-to-date to colorectal cancer and breast cancer screening guidelines.

Methods:
Nine NCI-designated cancer centers surveyed adults in their catchment areas using demographic items and a two-item FI questionnaire. For the colorectal cancer screening sample (n = 4,816), adults ages 50–75 years who reported having a stool test in the past year or a colonoscopy in the past 10 years were considered up-to-date. For the breast cancer screening sample (n = 2,449), female participants ages 50–74 years who reported having a mammogram in the past 2 years were up-to-date. We used logistic regression to examine the association between colorectal cancer or breast cancer screening status and FI, adjusting for race/ethnicity, income, education, health insurance, and other sociodemographic covariates.

Results:
The prevalence of FI was 18.2% and 21.6% among colorectal cancer and breast cancer screening participants, respectively. For screenings, 25.6% of colorectal cancer and 34.1% of breast cancer participants were not up-to-date. In two separate adjusted models, FI was significantly associated with lower odds of being up-to-date with colorectal cancer screening [OR, 0.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.5–0.99)] and breast cancer screening (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4–0.96).

Conclusions:
FI was inversely associated with being up-to-date for colorectal cancer and breast cancer screening.

Impact:
Future studies should combine FI and cancer screening interventions to improve screening rates.
The Landscape of Immune Microenvironments in Racially Diverse Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Hamilton Alina M. , Hurson Amber N. , Olsson Linnea T. , Walens Andrea , Nsonwu-Farley Joseph , Kirk Erin L. , Abdou Yara , Downs-Canner Stephanie M. , Serody Jonathan S. , Perou Charles M. , Calhoun Benjamin C. , Troester Melissa A. , Hoadley Katherine A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background:
Immunotherapy is a rapidly evolving treatment option in breast cancer; However, the breast cancer immune microenvironment is understudied in Black and younger (&lt;50 years) patients.

Methods:
We used histologic and RNA-based immunoprofiling methods to characterize the breast cancer immune landscape in 1,952 tumors from the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (CBCS), a population-based study that oversampled Black (n = 1,030) and young women (n = 1,039). We evaluated immune response leveraging markers for 10 immune cell populations, compared profiles to those in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Project [n = 1,095 tumors, Black (n = 183), and young women (n = 295)], and evaluated in association with clinical and demographic variables, including recurrence.

Results:
Consensus clustering identified three immune clusters in CBCS (adaptive-enriched, innate-enriched, or immune-quiet) that varied in frequency by race, age, tumor grade and subtype; however, only two clusters were identified in TCGA, which were predominantly comprised of adaptive-enriched and innate-enriched tumors. In CBCS, the strongest adaptive immune response was observed for basal-like, HER2-positive (HER2+), triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and high-grade tumors. Younger patients had higher proportions of adaptive-enriched tumors, particularly among estrogen receptor (ER)-negative (ER−) cases. Black patients had higher frequencies of both adaptive-enriched and innate-enriched tumors. Immune clusters were associated with recurrence among ER− tumors, with adaptive-enriched showing the best and innate-enriched showing the poorest 5-year recurrence-free survival.

Conclusions:
These data suggest that immune microenvironments are intricately related to race, age, tumor subtype, and grade.

Impact:
Given higher mortality among Black and young women, more defined immune classification using cell-type–specific panels could help explain higher recurrence and ultimately lead to targetable interventions.
Occupational Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Lung Cancer Risk: Results from a Pooled Analysis of Case–Control Studies (SYNERGY)
Authors: Olsson Ann , Guha Neela , Bouaoun Liacine , Kromhout Hans , Peters Susan , Siemiatycki Jack , Ho Vikki , Gustavsson Per , Boffetta Paolo , Vermeulen Roel , Behrens Thomas , Brüning Thomas , Kendzia Benjamin , Guénel Pascal , Luce Danièle , Karrasch Stefan , Wichmann Heinz-Erich , Consonni Dario , Landi Maria Teresa , Caporaso Neil E. , Merletti Franco , Mirabelli Dario , Richiardi Lorenzo , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Ahrens Wolfgang , Pohlabeln Hermann , Tardón Adonina , Zaridze David , Field John K. , Lissowska Jolanta , Świątkowska Beata , McLaughlin John R. , Demers Paul A. , Bencko Vladimir , Foretova Lenka , Janout Vladimir , Pándics Tamás , Fabianova Eleonora , Mates Dana , Forastiere Francesco , Bueno-de-Mesquita Bas , Schüz Joachim , Straif Kurt 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background:
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) occurs widely in occupational settings. We investigated the association between occupational exposure to PAH and lung cancer risk and joint effects with smoking within the SYNERGY project.

Methods:
We pooled 14 case–control studies with information on lifetime occupational and smoking histories conducted between 1985 and 2010 in Europe and Canada. Exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was used as a proxy of PAH and estimated from a quantitative general population job-exposure matrix. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression models, adjusted for smoking and exposure to other occupational lung carcinogens, estimated ORs, and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results:
We included 16,901 lung cancer cases and 20,965 frequency-matched controls. Adjusted OR for PAH exposure (ever) was 1.08 (CI, 1.02–1.15) in men and 1.20 (CI, 1.04–1.38) in women. When stratified by smoking status and histologic subtype, the OR for cumulative exposure ≥0.24 BaP μg/m3-years in men was higher in never smokers overall [1.31 (CI, 0.98–1.75)], for small cell [2.53 (CI, 1.28–4.99)] and squamous cell cancers [1.33 (CI, 0.80–2.21)]. Joint effects between PAH and smoking were observed. Restricting analysis to the most recent studies showed no increased risk.

Conclusions:
Elevated lung cancer risk associated with PAH exposure was observed in both sexes, particularly for small cell and squamous cell cancers, after accounting for cigarette smoking and exposure to other occupational lung carcinogens.

Impact:
The lack of association between PAH and lung cancer in more recent studies merits further research under today's exposure conditions and worker protection measures.
FDA Approval Summary: Decitabine and Cedazuridine Tablets for Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Kim Nina , Norsworthy Kelly J. , Subramaniam Sriram , Chen Haiyan , Manning Michael L. , Kitabi Eliford , Earp Justin , Ehrlich Lori A. , Okusanya Olanrewaju O. , Vallejo Jonathon , Gehrke Brenda J. , de Claro R. Angelo , Pazdur Richard 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
On July 7, 2020, the Food and Drug Administration approved Inqovi (Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co.), an oral fixed-dose combination tablet comprising 35 mg decitabine, a hypomethylating agent, and 100 mg cedazuridine, a cytidine deaminase inhibitor (abbreviated DEC-C) for treatment of adult patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Evidence of effectiveness of DEC-C was established in phase III ASTX727-02 (N = 133) in adults with MDS. The study involved a two-sequence crossover comparing DEC-C and intravenous (IV) decitabine 20 mg/m2 once daily for the first 5 days of each 28-day cycle in the first 2 cycles. From cycle 3 onward, patients received DEC-C. Five-day cumulative area under the curve (5-d AUC) of decitabine for DEC-C was similar to that of IV decitabine, with geometric mean ratio 0.99 (90% confidence interval: 0.93–1.06). Clinical benefit was supported by study ASTX727-02 and the similarly designed phase II study ASTX727-01-B (n = 80), with complete remission (CR) of 21% and 18% and median duration of CR 7.5 and 8.7 months, respectively. Adverse reactions were consistent with IV decitabine. Postmarketing assessments were issued to address the effect of cedazuridine on QT prolongation, food effect, moderate and severe hepatic impairment, and severe renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics and safety of DEC-C.
A Ménage à Trois of Cytotoxic Effector Cells: γδ T Cells Suppress NK Cells but Not CTLs
Authors: Kabelitz Dieter 
Published: April 2022

Three types of cytotoxic effector cells can kill tumor cells: innate natural killer (NK) cells, CD8+ CTL, and γδ T cells. In this issue, Walwyn-Brown and colleagues report new insights into the interplay between these three cell types that are integral to antitumor immunity, finding that γδ T cells can specifically suppress NK cells but not CD8+ CTLs. These results are relevant in view of the so far limited efficacy of γδ T-cell immunotherapy.
See related article by Walwyn-Brown et al., p. 558 (3).
Ototoxicity Review: A Growing Number of Non–Platinum‐Based Chemo‐ and Immunotherapies
Authors: Naples James G. , Rice‐Narusch Wyatt , Watson Nathan W. , Ghulam‐Smith Melissa , Holmes Sean , Li Daqing , Jalisi Scharukh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo raise awareness of the growing list of non–platinum‐based chemo‐ and immunotherapeutic agents that have been associated with ototoxicity and to introduce the possible mechanism of ototoxicity of these agents.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, and Web of Science.Review MethodsA systematic review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses). PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched for published reports of ototoxicity from non–platinum‐based chemo‐ and immunotherapeutic agents in adult and pediatric patients. Therapies that utilized any platinum‐based agent were excluded.ConclusionsOtotoxicity from non–platinum‐based chemo‐ and immunotherapies is an evolving problem. There were 54 reports—39 case reports and 15 cohort studies—documenting ototoxicity from 7 agents/combination therapies. Of these reports, 37 (69%) were published within the last 15 years (after 2005). No recovery of hearing was documented in 21 of 56 cases (38%). Pretreatment audiograms were uncommon (19/54 studies, 35%), despite documented ototoxic associations.Implications for PracticeThere is a growing number of novel, ototoxic, non–platinum‐based chemo‐ and immunotherapeutic agents with various potential mechanisms of action. Otolaryngologists will need to prioritize awareness of these agents. This growing list of agents, many of which have reversible effects, suggest a need for standardized ototoxicity monitor protocols so that appropriate and timely management options can be implemented.
Development and validation of a prediction model of deep venous thrombosis for patients with acute poisoning following hemoperfusion: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Li Xiuqin , Liu Jing , Cui Siqi , Jian Tianzi , Ma Shuang , Shi Longke , Lin Ying , Zhang Juan , Zheng Yingying , Zhang Yanxia , Jian Xiangdong , Luan Xiaorong , Kan Baotian 
Published: April 2022

Objective To develop and confirm an individualized predictive model to ascertain the probability of deep venous thrombosis in patients with acute poisoning after undergoing hemoperfusion. Methods Three hundred eleven patients with acute poisoning who were admitted to a hospital in China between October 2017 and February 2019 were included in the development group. Eighty patients with acute poisoning who were admitted between February and May 2019 were included in the validation group. The independent risk factors for deep venous thrombosis were examined. An individualized predictive model was developed using regression coefficients. Results The number of catheter indwelling days, having a catheter while being transported, elevated serum homocysteine concentrations, and dyslipidemia were independent risk factors for deep venous thrombosis following hemoperfusion in patients with acute poisoning. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the development and validation groups were 0.713 and 0.702, respectively, which suggested that the prediction model had good discrimination capacity. The calibration belts of the two groups were ideal. Conclusions Our prediction model has a moderate predictive effect for the occurrence of deep venous thrombosis in patients with acute poisoning. In clinical practice, this model could be combined with a common thrombosis risk assessment model.
A Practical Guide to Lower Extremity Nerve Blocks for the Sports Medicine Surgeon
Authors: Crutchfield Connor R. , Schweppe Eric A. , Padaki Ajay S. , Steinl Gabrielle K. , Roller Brian A. , Brown Anthony R. , Lynch T. Sean 
Published: April 2022

Background: Peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) are vital in the administration of surgical analgesia and have grown in popularity for use in lower extremity arthroscopic procedures because of their capacity to safely and effectively control pain. The number and specificity of PNBs, however, have made choosing the best option for a procedure nebulous for orthopaedic surgeons. Purpose: To present a narrative literature review of the PNBs available for arthroscopic hip and knee procedures that is adapted to an audience of orthopaedic surgeons. Study Design: Narrative literature review. Methods: A combination of the names of various lower extremity PNBs AND “hip arthroscopy” OR “knee arthroscopy” was used to search the English medical literature including PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Embase, and Scopus. Placement technique, specificity of blockade, efficacy, and complications were assessed. Searches were performed through May 2, 2021. Results: A total of 157 studies were included in this review of lower extremity PNBs. Femoral nerve, lumbar plexus, sciatic nerve, and fascia iliaca compartment blocks were most commonly used in arthroscopic hip surgery, while femoral nerve, 3-in-1, and adductor canal blocks were preferred for arthroscopic knee surgery. Each block demonstrated a significant benefit ( P > .05) in ≥1 of the following outcomes: intraoperative morphine, pain scores, nausea, and/or opioid consumption. Combination blocks including the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block, obturator nerve block, quadratus lumborum block, and L1 and L2 paravertebral block have also been described. Complication rates ranged from 0% to 4.8% in those administered with ultrasound guidance. The most commonly reported complications included muscular weakness, postoperative falls, neuropathy, intravascular and intraneural injections, and hematomas. Conclusion: When administered properly, PNBs were a safe and effective adjuvant method of pain control with a significant potential to limit postoperative narcotic use. While blockade choice varies by surgeon preference and procedure, all PNBs should be administered with ultrasound guidance, and vigilant protocols for the risk of postoperative falls should be exercised in patients who receive them.