bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionic Liquid‐Incorporated Metal‐Organic Framework with High Magnesium Ion Conductivity for Quasi‐Solid‐State Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Wei Zhixuan , Maile Ruben , Riegger Luise M. , Rohnke Marcus , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus , Janek Jürgen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMagnesium batteries are promising candidates for post‐lithium energy storage systems due to their low cost, high volumetric energy density, and low risk of dendrite formation. This study reports a new magnesium ion conducting ionogel electrolyte based on a Metal‐Organic Framework (MOF) structure (UiO‐66) impregnated with an ionic liquid, magnesium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide in 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide. Comparably high conductivity of 5.7×10−5 S cm−1 can be achieved at room temperature. By employing the prepared MOF‐ionogel electrolyte, a reversible quasi‐solid‐state magnesium battery (QSSMB) is reported. Surface analysis unveils the possible origin of the large overpotential of magnesium plating and stripping. The findings suggest that MOF‐based materials are a promising class of ionogel electrolyte templates for QSSMBs. The results on the magnesium anode will be useful to define optimization strategies for magnesium metal anodes in SSMBs.
Recent trends using natural polymeric nanofibers as supports for enzyme immobilization and catalysis
Authors: Khan Rumysa S. , Rather Anjum H. , Wani Taha U. , Rather Sami‐ullah , Amna Touseef , Hassan M. Shamshi , Sheikh Faheem A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAll the disciplines of science, especially biotechnology, have given continuous attention to the area of enzyme immobilization. However, the structural support made by material science intervention determines the performance of immobilized enzymes. Studies have proven that nanostructured supports can maintain better catalytic performance and improve immobilization efficiency. The recent trends in the application of nanofibers using natural polymers for enzyme immobilization have been addressed in this review article. A comprehensive survey about the immobilization strategies and their characteristics are highlighted. The natural polymers, e.g., chitin, chitosan, silk fibroin, gelatin, cellulose, and their blends with other synthetic polymers capable of immobilizing enzymes in their 1D nanofibrous form, are discussed. The multiple applications of enzymes immobilized on nanofibers in biocatalysis, biosensors, biofuels, antifouling, regenerative medicine, biomolecule degradation, etc.; some of these are discussed in this review article.
Semaglutide (GLP‐1 receptor agonist) stimulates browning on subcutaneous fat adipocytes and mitigates inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in visceral fat adipocytes of obese mice
Authors: Martins Fabiane F. , Marinho Thatiany S. , Cardoso Luiz E. M. , Barbosa‐da‐Silva Sandra , Souza‐Mello Vanessa , Aguila Marcia B. , Mandarim‐de‐Lacerda Carlos A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSemaglutide (GLP‐1 agonist) was approved for treating obesity. Although the effects on weight loss and metabolism are known, the responses of adipocytes to semaglutide are yet limited. C57BL/6 male mice (n = 20/group) were fed a control diet (C) or a high‐fat (HF) diet for 16 weeks and then separated into four groups (n = 10/group) for an additional four weeks: C, C diet and semaglutide, HF, and HF diet and semaglutide. Epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) fat pads were studied with biochemistry, immunohistochemistry/fluorescence, stereology, and reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In obese mice, semaglutide reduced the fat pad masses (eWAT, −55%; sWAT, −40%), plasmatic cytokines, and proinflammatory gene expressions: tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (−60%); interleukin (IL)‐6 (−55%); IL‐1 beta (−40%); monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (−90%); and leptin(−80%). Semaglutide also lessened endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress genes of activating transcription factor‐4 (−85%), CCAAT enhancer‐binding protein homologous protein (−55%), and growth arrest and DNA damage‐inducible gene 45 (−45%). The obese mice's adipocyte hypertrophy and macrophage infiltration were equally reduced by semaglutide. Semaglutide enhanced multiloculation and uncoupled protein 1 (UCP1) labeling in obese mice: peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐alpha (+560%) and gamma (+150%), fibronectin type III domain‐containing protein 5 (+215%), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐alpha coactivator (+110%), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (+260%), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (+120%). Semaglutide also increased thermogenetic gene expressions for the browning phenotype maintenance: beta‐3 adrenergic receptor (+520%), PR domain containing 16 (+90%), and Ucp1 (+110%). In conclusion, semaglutide showed significant beneficial effects beyond weight loss, directly on fat pads and adipocytes of obese mice, remarkably anti‐inflammatory, and reduced adipocyte size and ER stress. Besides, semaglutide activated adipocyte browning, improving UCP1, mitochondrial biogenesis, and thermogenic marker expressions help weight loss.
Apoptotic susceptibility of pancreatic alpha cells to environmentally relevant dose levels of bisphenol‐A versus dibutyl phthalate is mediated by HSP60/caspase‐3 expression in male albino rats
Authors: Morsi Ahmed A. , Mersal Ezat A. , Alsabih Ahmed O. , Abdelmoneim Ahmed M. , Sakr Eman M. , Alakabawy Shaimaa , Elfawal Riham G. , Naji Mohammed , Aljanfawe Hatem J. , Alshateb Farah H. , Shawky Tamer M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnfortunately, humanity is exposed to mixed plasticizers such as bisphenol‐A (BPA) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) that are leached from the daily used plastic products. Previous studies have demonstrated their potential in pancreatic beta cell injury and diabetes induction. The study hypothesized that both compounds would affect the pancreatic alpha cells in albino rats when administered at environmentally relevant doses. Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and caspase‐3 protein expression was also investigated as potential mechanisms. Thirty‐six male Wistar albino rats were separated into four equal groups: control, BPA alone, DBP alone, and BPA + DBP combined groups. BPA and DBP were given in drinking water for 45 days in a dose of 4.5 and 0.8 µg/L, respectively. Fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, pancreatic tissue levels of malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase were measured. Pancreatic sections were subjected to hematoxylin & eosin (H & E) staining, glucagon, HSP60, and caspase‐3 immunohistochemistry. Although all three experimental groups showed diffuse islet cell HSP60 immunoreactivity, rats exposed to BPA alone showed α‐cell‐only apoptosis, indicated by H & E changes and caspase‐3 immunoreactivity, associated with reduced glucagon immunoreaction. However, rats exposed to DBP alone showed no changes in either α or β‐cells. Both combined‐exposed animals displayed α and β apoptotic changes associated with islet atrophy and reduced glucagon expression. In conclusion, the study suggested HSP60/caspase‐3 interaction, caspase‐3 activation, and initiation of apoptosis in α‐cell only for BPA‐alone exposure group, meanwhile DBP alone did not progress to apoptosis. Interestingly, both α/β cell effect was observed in the mixed group implying synergetic/additive action of both chemicals when combined.
The miRNA‐144‐5p/IRS1/AKT axis regulates the migration, proliferation, and mineralization of osteoblasts: A mechanism of bone repair in diabetic osteoporosis
Authors: Miao Maomao , Zhang Yang , Wang Xuping , Lei Shanshan , Huang Xiaowen , Qin Luping , Shou Dan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDiabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is a disorder of bone metabolism induced by multiple mechanisms. Previous studies have revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in bone metabolism. MiRNA‐144‐5p has been proven to participate in the regulation of osteoblast activities; however, its specific mechanism in DOP has not been elucidated. This study investigated whether high glucose (HG) inhibited osteoblasts by regulating miRNA‐144‐5p. Our results showed that HG inhibited bone formation not only in vivo but also in vitro. We observed that HG severely hindered the migration, proliferation and mineralization of osteoblasts, while miRNA‐144‐5p was upregulated by way of the cell counting kit‐8 assay, wound healing assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay and alizarin red staining. Double luciferase reporter experiments showed that miRNA‐144‐5p directly targeted insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1). The IRS1/AKT signaling pathway is closely related to osteoblasts' migration, proliferation, and mineralization. Silencing miRNA‐144‐5p promoted the mRNA, and protein expression of IRS1, thereby letting the expression of total AKT down, and then preventing phosphorylation of AKT into the nucleus to regulate migration, proliferation, and mineralization genes of osteoblasts. In conclusion, this study indicated that HG regulated the migration, proliferation, and mineralization of osteoblasts via the miRNA‐144‐5p/IRS1/AKT axis, which suggested a possible mechanism for DOP pathology.
Epidemiology of biopsy‐proven glomerular diseases in Chinese children: A scoping review
Authors: Li Yetong , Yang Yue , Zhuo Li , Wu Dan , Li Wenge , Liu Xiaorong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundGlomerular disease is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease globally. No scoping review reports have focused on China's spectrum of glomerular diseases in children. This study aimed to systematically identify and describe retrospective studies on pediatric glomerular disease based on available data on sex, age, study period, and region.MethodsSix databases were systematically searched for relevant studies from initiation to December 2021 in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Global Health Library, Wangfang Database, and CNKI.ResultsThirty‐four studies were identified in the scoping review, including 40,430 patients with biopsy‐proven diagnoses. The proportion of boys was significantly higher than that of girls. In this study, 28,280 (70%) cases were primary glomerular disease, 10,547 (26.1%) cases were diagnosed as secondary glomerular disease, and 1146 (2.8%) cases were hereditary glomerular disease. Minimal change disease is the most common glomerular disease among children in China, followed by mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy, and purpura nephritis. We observed increments in glomerular diseases in periods 2 (2001–2010) and 3 (2011–2021). The proportion of major glomerular diseases varies significantly in the different regions of China.ConclusionThe spectrum of pediatric glomerular diseases varied across sex, age groups, study periods, and regions, and has changed considerably over the past 30 years.
Systematic review of monotherapy with biologicals for children and adults with IgE‐mediated food allergy
Authors: Silva Debra de , Singh Chris , Arasi Stefania , Muraro Antonella , Zuberbier Torsten , Ebisawa Motohiro , Alvaro Lozano Montserrat , Roberts Graham 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundBiological therapies relieve symptoms in allergic inflammatory diseases so we systematically reviewed the evidence about whether biological monotherapy could benefit people with IgE‐mediated food allergy.MethodsWe searched six bibliographic databases from 1946 to 30 September 2021 for randomised and non‐randomised controlled trials about biological monotherapy in people with IgE‐mediated food allergy confirmed by oral food challenge. We used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach to narratively summarise findings from three trials with 118 participants. The studies were too heterogeneous and sparse to conduct meta‐analysis.ResultsWe included one randomised trial about etokimab, one about omalizumab and one about the discontinued TNX‐901. All were in people with peanut allergy in the USA, mostly aged 13+ years. There was a trend towards improved tolerance of peanut during treatment, with few side effects. However, we have very low certainty about the evidence due to the small number of trials and participants. No included trial reported on quality of life or cost‐effectiveness.ConclusionsThere is not yet enough certainty to support offering etokimab or omalizumab widely for food allergy. Clinicians may consider the merits for individuals, but large randomised trials with standardised measures are needed to confirm the safety, efficacy and most suitable candidates, doses and durations of treatment before more universal use.
Pharmacokinetics, Bioavailability, and Swallowing Safety With Riluzole Oral Film
Authors: Wymer James , Apple Stephen , Harrison Antoinette , Hill Bryan Alan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDysphagia is highly prevalent in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Riluzole is a US Food and Drug Administration‐approved treatment for ALS. Riluzole oral film (ROF; Exservan™) contains riluzole in a polymer‐based film matrix. The ROF is administered by placing on the tongue, where it dissolves and the drug is ingested with the saliva. Two clinical trials assessed the safety and tolerability of the ROF. Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics (PK) were evaluated in an open‐label, randomized, single‐dose, replicate crossover study of 50 mg of ROF and riluzole 50‐mg tablets in 32 healthy volunteers. The second study was a videofluoroscopic swallowing examination conducted with nine patients with ALS before and after receiving a single dose of 50 mg of ROF. The primary outcome was change on penetration‐aspiration scale (PAS) scores from pre‐ to post‐dose. Overall, the PK parameters for ROF and riluzole tablets were comparable between treatments and administrations when administered under fasting conditions. Administration of ROF with food resulted in a 15% reduction in area under the curve and a 45% reduction in maximum serum concentration. A total of 44 treatment‐emergent adverse events (AEs) were reported in the study; all were mild in severity. No serious AEs were observed and no subjects discontinued due to AEs. In the swallowing study, very little numerical or categorical change was observed following the dose of ROF. No evidence of deterioration of swallowing function was observed post‐dose. The ROF was bioequivalent to riluzole tablets, was well tolerated, and had no detrimental effect on swallowing.
Hybrid Functional and Plane Waves based Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Study of the Aqueous Fe2+/Fe3+ Redox Reaction**
Authors: Mandal Sagarmoy , Kar Ritama , Meyer Bernd , Nair Nisanth N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractKohn‐Sham density functional theory and plane wave basis set based ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation is a powerful tool for studying complex reactions in solutions, such as electron transfer (ET) reactions involving Fe2+/Fe3+ ions in water. In most cases, such simulations are performed using density functionals at the level of Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA). The challenge in modelling ET reactions is the poor quality of GGA functionals in predicting properties of such open‐shell systems due to the inevitable self‐interaction error (SIE). While hybrid functionals can minimize SIE, standard plane‐wave based AIMD at that level of theory is typically 150 times slower than GGA for systems containing ∼100 atoms. Among several approaches reported to speed‐up AIMD simulations with hybrid functionals, the noise‐stabilized MD (NSMD) procedure, together with the use of localized orbitals to compute the required exchange integrals, is an attractive option. In this work, we demonstrate the application of the NSMD approach for studying the Fe2+/Fe3+ redox reaction in water. It is shown here that long AIMD trajectories at the level of hybrid density functionals can be obtained using this approach. Redox properties of the aqueous Fe2+/Fe3+ system computed from these simulations are compared with the available experimental data for validation.
Relativistic Density Functional NMR Tensors Analyzed with Spin‐free Localized Molecular Orbitals
Authors: Fernández‐Alarcón Alberto , Autschbach Jochen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe implementation of fast relativistic methods based on density functional theory, in conjunction with localized molecular orbital (LMO) based analysis, allows straightforward interpretations of NMR parameters in terms of contributions from core shells, lone pairs, and bonds, for compounds containing elements from across the periodic table. We present a conceptual review of a frequently used LMO analysis of NMR parameters calculated in the presence of spin‐orbit interactions and other relativistic effects. An accompanying example focuses on the 15N shielding in a heavy metal complex.
A coreless axial flux‐switching generator for micro‐wind turbine application
Authors: Dehshiri Mohsen , Ketabi Abbas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe efficiency, power density, and torque of axial flux generators are higher than those of radial flux generators. In this paper, a new axial flux switching generator with a coreless stator is designed for micro wind turbine applications. Generator parts are designed based on nominal values, and their dimensions are determined. Cogging torque is an undesired torque ripple intrinsic in the design of a permanent magnet generator, which should be minimized due to its effects: vibration and noise. In addition, since aerodynamic power is low during start‐up at low wind speeds, the cogging torque must be as low as possible to achieve a low cut‐in speed. The design, optimization, and fabrication of a new coreless axial flux‐switching generator for micro‐wind turbine application are investigated and compared with the conventional one. The prototype machine is an axial‐field flux‐switching permanent magnet generator with a two‐rotor‐one‐stators configuration. The stator of the proposed generator is made up of coils and magnets and has no iron core. First, the generator's design to reduce cogging torque is investigated using nominal values, and the dimensions of the various parts of the generator are calculated according to these values. Then the designed generator was simulated three‐dimensionally using the FEM. Finally, a prototype of the desired generator is built. Comparing the results obtained from the finite element method and laboratory testing shows that these results are broadly consistent.
Study on structural characteristics, physicochemical properties, and in vitro digestibility of Kudzu‐resistant starch prepared by different methods
Authors: Guan Yongmei , Wang Meichen , Song Xinqi , Ye Shenghang , Jiang Cheng , Dong Huanhuan , Zhu Weifeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThree different methods, including autoclaving, autoclaving–debranching, and purification, were used to prepare Kudzu‐resistant starch (KRS) from Kudzu starch (KS). The physicochemical properties, such as thermodynamic properties, pasting properties, solubility, swelling, and coagulability, as well as the in vitro digestive characteristics of the three kinds of KRS were studied. The results showed that the morphology of starch granules of KRS prepared by autoclave, autoclave enzymatic hydrolysis, and purification methods was changed and the relative crystallinity was significantly decreased compared with the original starch. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) showed that KRS exists in the form of C and C+V crystalline form. There was a significant increase in the pasting temperature and a remarkable decrease in the peak viscosity and the expansion degree of the KRS prepared by all three methods. The solubility of the resistant starch (RS) obtained by autoclaving–debranching and that by purification were both increased compared to that of native KS, while the solubility of the RS obtained by autoclaving was decreased. Meanwhile, the retrogradation of the three RS was also improved to varying degrees. The contents of RS in the samples were: P‐KRS (71%) > DA‐KRS (43%) > A‐KRS (42%) > KS (9%). Simulated human in vitro digestion experiments showed that RS has stronger antidigestibility properties than native starch. Among them, the RS prepared by the purification method has stronger antidigestive properties, and it is predicted that it may have a better potential value in regulating blood glucose. These results indicated that the processing properties of KRS, especially the digestibility, are significantly improved and can be used as a new functional food ingredient, which deserves thorough study.
Decreasing distance from tumor to the language network causes language deficit
Authors: Fang Shengyu , Weng Shimeng , Li Lianwang , Guo Yuhao , Zhang Zhong , Fan Xing , Jiang Tao , Wang Yinyan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPreoperative language deficits are associated with alterations in the language networks of patients with gliomas. This study investigated how gliomas affect language performance by altering the language network. Ninety patients with lower‐grade gliomas were included, and their preoperative language performance was evaluated using the Western Aphasia Battery. We also calculated the topological properties based on resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. All patients were classified according to aphasia quotient (AQ) into the aphasia (AQ < 93.8), mild anomia (AQ > 93.8 and naming section <9.8), and normal groups (AQ > 93.8). The shortest distance from the tumor to the language network (SDTN) was evaluated to identify the effect on language performance induced by the tumor. One‐way analysis of variance and post hoc analysis with Sidak correction were used to analyze the differences in topological properties among the three groups. Causal mediation analysis was used to identify indirectly affected mediators. Compared with the mild anomia group, longer shortest path length (p = .0016), lower vulnerability (p = .0331), and weaker nodal efficiencies of three nodes (right caudal Brodmann area [BA] 45, right caudal BA 22, and left BA 41/42, all p < .05) were observed in the aphasia group. The SDTN mediated nodal degree centrality and nodal vulnerability (left rostroventral BA 39), which negatively affected the AQs. Conventional language eloquent and mirrored areas participated in the language network alterations induced by gliomas. The SDTN was a mediator that affected the preoperative language status in patients with gliomas.