bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual and interactive responses of woody plants' biomass and leaf traits to drought and shade
Authors: Wang Zhaoguo , Wang Chuankuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimWhile drought and shade are critical factors that determine seedling survival and growth, whether the responses of woody seedlings to drought are facilitated, aggravated or unaffected by shade remains uncertain.LocationGlobal.Time period1993 to 2021.Major taxa studiedWoody plants.MethodsWe compiled 58 studies (including 75 woody species from 33 families) in which water and light availability were simultaneously manipulated, and conducted a meta‐analysis on the acclimation and adaptive responses of biomass production and allocation and leaf traits to drought and/or shade.ResultsShade alleviated the adverse impact of drought on photosynthesis (A) by decreasing stomatal limitation and photoinhibition, and increasing leaf relative water content, and thus facilitated biomass production, but shade aggravated the effect of drought on osmotic adjustment as evidenced by the lack of responses of osmotic potential at the full turgor and modulus elasticity at the maximum turgor to drought under shade. The effects of drought and shade on biomass allocation and specific leaf area were orthogonal. Biomass responses to drought and its interaction with shade were least responsive for drought‐tolerators, but the individual and interactive effects of shade and drought on most traits showed little dependence on shade tolerance. Drought–shade interaction increased root biomass and root mass fraction more for deciduous angiosperms than for evergreen angiosperms.Main conclusionsBoth shade and drought had negative impacts on biomass production and photosynthesis, but their interaction had positive effects that were less significant for drought‐tolerators and evergreen angiosperms. In contrast to shade, drought increased biomass allocation to roots, but shade and drought had orthogonal effects on biomass allocation and leaf morphology. These acclimation and adaptive responses of woody seedlings to drought and shade individually and interactively have important implications for predicting woody plant growth and distribution under global climate changes.
Mass Transfer from Mobile to Immobile Regions in Irregularly Shaped Micro‐Channels at Low Reynolds Number
Authors: Toyama Kizuki , Togi Fumina , Harada Shusaku 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTransient mass transfer in rough‐walled micro‐channels was investigated experimentally. We conducted experiments using rough‐walled channels with various irregularities at small Reynolds number conditions. Mass transfer in the mainstream (mobile region) and dead water region (immobile region) were quantified using an image analysis technique based on absorption photometry. The experimental results showed that the solute dispersion in the mobile region was influenced by the irregular shape of the channel wall complicatedly. In contrast, mass transfer in the immobile region occurred by molecular diffusion independently on the wall roughness in our experimental conditions. The irregular shape of channel wall may enhance the mass transfer in mobile region by distorting the velocity distribution (Togi et al., 2020), while the solute redistribution to immobile region may suppress it in streamwise direction, just on a longer time scale. We developed a mass transfer model analogous to Mobile‐Immobile model (MIM model) proposed by previous studies. The concept of the model is the same as the previous study (Zhou et al., 2019) and the coefficients of the model describing mass transfer in each region were quantified from the experimental results as functions of geometric characteristics of the rough‐walled channel. In addition, mass transfer coefficient from mobile to immobile regions were derived mathematically based on the experimental results. The MIM model with the coefficients derived in this study well describes solute dispersion in variously shaped irregular channels quantitatively.
Gut microbiota in hypertensive patients with versus without obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Lu Dasheng , Xu Shaodong , Dai Ping , Wu Lijuan , Zhang Hongxiang , Zhou Birong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe investigated the alteration of gut microbiota and the associated metabolic risks in hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) comorbidity. Fecal and blood samples were collected from 52 hypertensive patients, who were divided into three groups: A (controls, apnea‐hypopnea index[AHI] < 5, n = 15), B (mild OSA, 5 < AHI < 20, n = 17), and C (moderate‐to‐severe OSA, AHI > 20, n = 20). The composition of the gut microbiota was studied through 16s RNA sequencing of variable regions 3–4. Analysis of the results revealed that group C had a significant higher concentration of total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein, and IL‐1β compared with group A. The Shannon index showed that bacterial biodiversity was lower in OSA patients. At the phylum level, the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) was significantly higher in group C than in groups A and B. At the genus level, the relative abundance of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA)‐producing bacteria (e.g., Bacteroides and Prevotella) was lower while the number of inflammation‐related bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus) was increased in patients with OSA. We found that the IL‐1β level was negatively correlated with Bacteroidetes. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was .672 for F/B ratio in determining hypertensive patients with OSA. In patients with hypertension, OSA was associated with worse gut dysbiosis, as evidenced by decreased levels of short‐chain fatty acids‐producing bacteria and increased number of inflammation‐related bacteria. The differences in gut microbiota discriminate hypertensive patients with OSA from those without and may result in an enhanced inflammatory response and increase the risk of metabolic diseases.
Feasibility and evaluation of an emergency department‐based general practitioner streaming and treatment service
Authors: Aldus Clare , Pope Ian , Brainard Julii , Ruston Annmarie , Hughes Gareth , Everden Paul 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRationaleOffering a primary care service that can provide good quality primary care at emergency departments may reduce pressure on usual emergency department (ED) services.Aims and ObjectivesTo evaluate the acceptability, satisfaction, and potential impacts of a co‐located primary care service at an emergency department.MethodsThis is a prospective feasibility study and service evaluation comprising a narrative summary of activity, satisfaction, well‐being, and safety, and comparisons of wait times for ED services by patient category (‘minor’, ‘majors’, ‘paediatric’ or ‘resus’) before and during the service operation. Patients and staff were asked using semistructured interview topic guides about service perception, well‐being, representation within 48 h, safety concerns, and/or satisfaction. Wait times for patient categories in usual ED care service were in secondary care electronic records. Pathway changes were captured under primary care electronic records.ResultsApproximately 96% of general practitioner streaming and treatment (GPST) patients were seen within 1 h. There was a statistically significant reduction in ED patients with minor injuries or illnesses waiting >4 h for admission or discharge ‘breaches’ during the 3 months that GPST was operating compared with the previous 3 months (p ≤ 0.005). Wait times for other ED services did not significantly improve. A total of 769 walk‐in patients received GPST consultation and 661 (86%) needed no further ED intervention. Fast discharge was a major determinant of patient satisfaction. No staff expressed dissatisfaction, but some suggested possible improvements in eligibility criteria and built environment design features.ConclusionProvision of GPST correlated with shorter waits for discharge from ED. Patient and staff experiences of GPST were positive.
The ontology of epidemics—A value‐dependent realist account of epidemics
Authors: Smart Benjamin T. H. , Combrink Herkulaas M. V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRationaleCharters and Heitman have recently argued that epidemic status is lost once the disease becomes ‘accepted into people's daily lives and routines, becoming endemic—domesticated—and accepted’. This is a normativist, subjectivist approach to epidemic classification; that is, it is both value‐laden, and dependent on the attitudes of the population. In this article, we argue for an alternative approach: a value‐dependent realist account of epidemic‐status.Aims and ObjectivesWe aim to provide an ontological account of epidemics, with a particular focus on their endings. We do not attempt to present a historical account of previous epidemics, or why their endings were declared, but rather consider the theoretical underpinnings of such declarations. Further, our account is meant to be more prescriptive than descriptive; that is to say, even if public health does not currently view epidemics in the manner we advocate, the metaphysic of epidemics we advocate is, we believe, that which public health should ultimately endorse.MethodThe methodologies employed in this article are primarily those common to the philosophy of public health, philosophy of medicine and metaphysics; namely, conceptual analysis grounded by practical considerations.ResultsCharters and Heitman have recently argued that epidemic status is lost once the disease becomes ‘accepted into people's daily lives and routines, becoming endemic—domesticated—and accepted’. This is a normativist, subjectivist approach to epidemic classification; that is, it is both value‐laden, and dependent on the attitudes of the population. In this article, we argue for an alternative approach: a value‐dependent realist account of epidemic‐status.ConclusionTo frame the argument we draw from complexity theory, arguing that human populations can be viewed as complex systems, and epidemic‐status as an emergent property of a complex system. We propose aggregating the normative standards relevant to labeling a disease as an epidemic, and use this as our indicator for both the beginning, and the end of epidemics. An epidemic ends, we argue, once the burden of disease drops below an objective but distinctly normative ‘epidemic threshold’.
Overexpressed LAMC2 promotes trophoblast over‐invasion through the PI3K/Akt/MMP2/9 pathway in placenta accreta spectrum
Authors: Wang Runfang , Liu Weifang , Zhao Jing , Liu Li , Li Shengxian , Duan Ya , Huo Yan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPlacenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is an ongoing major iatrogenic public health challenge with devastating obstetric complications, but its underlying molecular pathogenesis remains poorly illuminated. LAMC2 is reported to regulate tumor cells proliferation and invasion, yet has not been explored in placenta trophoblast cells. This study investigated LAMC2 expression and its contribution in the etiology of PAS.MethodsQuantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect the expression of LAMC2 in placentas. Cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis were monitored by CCK8 assay, wound healing assay, transwell invasion assay, and flow cytometry assay. Western blot was conducted to confirm the pertinent proteins level of PI3K/Akt/MMP2/9 pathway in HTR8/SVneo cells.ResultsLAMC2 was predominantly expressed in placental villous syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts. LAMC2 mRNA and protein expression were substantially upregulated in placental tissues with PAS compared to those with pernicious placenta previa without PAS. LAMC2 overexpression eminently boosted HTR8/SVneo cells proliferation, invasion, and migration, but inhibited apoptosis, accompanied by elevated protein expression of MMP2, MMP9, and phosphorylated Akt (pAkt). Knockdown of LAMC2 yielded the converse results. Additionally, when treated with LY294002, the effects of LAMC2 overexpression on proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of HTR8/SVneo cells were abolished and concomitantly the elevated pAkt, MMP2, and MMP9 proteins induced by LAMC2 overexpression were eliminated.ConclusionOur study highlighted the involvement of LAMC2 in the pathogenesis of PAS by activating the PI3K/Akt/MMP2/9 signaling pathway to stimulate trophoblast over‐invasion. These findings provide a new target for the diagnosis and disease stratification of PAS.
Isolated dream‐enactment behaviours as a prodromal hallmark of rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder
Authors: Huang Bei , Zhang Jihui , Wang Jing , Chau Steven Wai Ho , Chan Joey Wing Yan , Yu Mandy Wai Man , Li Shirley Xin , Zhou Li , Mok Vincent , Wing Yun Kwok , Liu Yaping 
Published: November 2022

SummaryRecurrent dream‐enactment behaviours (DEB) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep without atonia (RSWA) are two diagnostic hallmarks of REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD), a specific prodrome of α‐synucleinopathy. Whilst isolated RSWA (without DEB) was suggested as a prodrome of RBD, the implication of ‘isolated’ recurrent DEB remains under‐investigated. In this cross‐sectional study, we sought to investigate neurodegenerative markers amongst the first‐degree relatives (FDRs, aged >40 years) of patients with RBD who underwent clinical assessment for DEB, neurodegenerative markers, and video‐polysomnography assessment. Isolated recurrent DEB was defined as: (i) three or more episodes of DEB, (ii) had a DEB episode in the past 1 year, and (iii) subthreshold RSWA. We identified 29 FDRs (mean [SD] age 53.4 [8.3] years, 55.2% male) with isolated recurrent DEB and 98 age and sex‐matched FDRs as controls. Isolated DEB was associated with nightmare (27.6% versus 11.2%,p = 0.02), and the DEB group had a higher rate of current smoking (27.6% versus 3.1%,p = 0.006), type 2 diabetes mellitus (24.1% versus 10.2%,p = 0.003), anxiety disorder (24.1% versus 11.2%,p = 0.02), and constipation (hard lump of stool, 31.0% versus 7.1%,p < 0.001) than the control group. The present findings revealed that family relatives of patients with RBD with isolated recurrent DEB have increased risk of RBD and neurodegenerative features, which adds to the emerging data that isolated DEB is a prodromal feature of RBD and α‐synucleinopathy neurodegeneration.
Global Cluster Analysis and Network Visualization in Musculoskeletal Pain Management: A Scientometric Mapping
Authors: Mei Fengyao , Li Jiao Jiao , Li Jiarong , Dong Shengjie , Li Zhichang , Xing Dan 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveMusculoskeletal pain is the most prominent clinical manifestation of more than 150 musculoskeletal disease conditions, and its effective long‐term management poses a great challenge to healthcare systems globally. For this, it is important to understand current research progress on musculoskeletal pain management. The purpose of the present study is to provide a comprehensive insight into the current state of research and global trends in musculoskeletal pain management.MethodsPublications on musculoskeletal pain management from 1972 to 2021 were retrieved from the Science Citation Index‐Expanded (SCIE) database. Included articles were any article type related to aspects of musculoskeletal pain management, including etiology, mechanisms, epidemiology, treatment, outcomes, side effects, and patient compliance. Publication data were analyzed using bibliometric methods. The software VOSviewer was employed to perform bibliographic coupling, co‐authorship, co‐citation, and co‐occurrence analysis, and to visualize publication tendencies in musculoskeletal pain management.ResultsA total of 5475 articles were included in this study. The number of global publications on musculoskeletal pain management has escalated annually. Based on the number of publications and citations from the published literature, as well as the H‐index, the United States led global contributions in this area. The institutions making the highest contributions were the League of European Research Universities (LERU), the University of Sydney, and Harvard University. The journal BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders published the highest number of articles in this area. The published studies fall under six groups: “Prevention and rehabilitation,” “Etiology and diagnosis,” “Clinical study,” “Epidemiology,” “Mental health,” and “Education.” High‐quality primary studies and epidemiology are predicted to be the next prevailing topics in this field of research.ConclusionsBased on current global trends, the number of publications on musculoskeletal pain management will continue to increase. Future studies will likely place more emphasis on high‐quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and epidemiological studies.
Evolution of flowering time genes in rice: From the paleolithic to the anthropocene
Authors: Osnato Michela 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe evolutionary paths of humans and plants have crossed more than once throughout millennia. While agriculture contributed to the evolution of societies in prehistory, human selection of desirable traits contributed to the evolution of crops during centuries of cultivation. Among cereal crops, rice is currently grown around the globe and represents staple food for almost half of the world population. Over time, rice cultivation has expanded from subtropical to temperate regions thanks to artificial selection of mutants with impaired response to photoperiod. Additional regulatory mechanisms control flowering in response to diverse environmental cues, anticipating or delaying the floral transition to produce seeds in more favourable conditions. Nevertheless, the changing climate is threatening grain production because modern cultivars are sensitive to external fluctuations that go beyond their physiological range. One possibility to guarantee food production could be the exploitation of novel varieties obtained by crossing highly productive Asian rice with stress tolerant African rice. This review explores the genetic basis of the key traits that marked the long journey of rice cultivation from the end of the paleolithic to the anthropocene, with a focus on heading date. By 2050, will rice plants of the future flower in the outer space?
The paradoxical relationship between sense of power and creativity: Countervailing pathways and a boundary condition
Authors: Magni Federico , Gong Yaping , Li Jie (Kassie) , Pan Jingzhou , Zhou Mingjian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhen sense of power helps or hinders creativity remains an unresolved question. Drawing upon the approach‐inhibition theory of power and its extensions, we integrate two different predictions into a dual‐pathway model, showing the paradoxical role that sense of power—one's perceived ability to influence others—plays in predicting creativity. Specifically, sense of power helps creativity through increased risk‐taking and simultaneously hinders it through reduced perspective taking. We further propose openness to experience as a moderator of the countervailing mechanisms, such that the positive path through risk‐taking is stronger and the negative path through perspective taking is weaker for individuals with higher (vs. lower) levels of openness. We test our hypotheses with three multisource and multi‐wave field studies (Study 1: n = 181 part‐time MBAs paired with peers; Study 2: n = 128 sales employees paired with store managers; Study 3: n = 153 sales employees paired with store managers). The results support our theoretical model, showing that sense of power and creativity are simultaneously connected positively through risk‐taking and negatively through perspective taking, and that the overall indirect effect of sense of power on creativity is more positive for individuals with higher (vs. lower) levels of openness to experience.
Nanocaging Rose Bengal to Inhibit Aggregation and Enhance Photo‐induced Oxygen Consumption†
Authors: Alvarez‐Lopez Constanza , Cavazos‐Elizondo Daniela , Heyne Belinda , Kochevar Irene E. , Aguirre‐Soto Alan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhotosensitized crosslinking of proteins in tissues has many medical applications including sealing wounds, strengthening tissues, and beneficially altering tissue properties. Rose Bengal (RB) is used most frequently as the photosensitizer but is not as efficient as would be desired for broad utilization in medicine. Aggregation of RB, at the high concentrations used for medical treatments, decreases the yield of singlet oxygen, which mediates protein crosslinking. We hypothesized that nanocages that sequester RB would inhibit self‐association, increasing photosensitization efficiency. We tested cucurbituril and cyclodextrin nanocages, demonstrating that hydroxypropyl‐functionalized cyclodextrins are most effective in inhibiting RB aggregation. For these RB/cyclodextrin solutions, we investigated the effect of nanocaging on the photobleaching and oxygen consumption kinetics under 530 nm LED light in aqueous phosphate‐buffered solutions. At 100 μm RB, the initial oxygen consumption rates increased by 58% and 80% compared with uncaged RB for the β and γ (2‐hydroxypropyl) cyclodextrins, respectively. For 1 mm RB, the enhancement in these rates was much greater, about 200% and 300%, respectively. In addition, at 1 mm RB these two cyclodextrins increased the RB photobleaching rate by ~20% and ~75%. These results suggest that nanocages can minimize RB aggregation and may lead to higher‐efficiency photo‐medical therapies.
Morphological characterization and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum aenigma and C. siamense causing anthracnose on Euonymus japonicus in Beijing, China
Authors: Tan Xiaoqian , Zhao Juan , Qiao Guanghang , Liu Juanjuan , Hsiang Tom , Yu Zhihe , Qin Wentao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEuonymus japonicus plays important roles in the process of urban landscape construction as an evergreen shrub. Anthracnose is an important limiting factor affecting the healthy growth of E. japonicus, seriously influencing improvement of urban landscape ecosystems. However, the Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose on E. japonicus are unclear. In this study, diseased leaves of E. japonicus with typical anthracnose symptoms were collected in five nurseries in Beijing, China. Among 45 Colletotrichum isolates obtained, there were two distinct morphotypes, which were identified as C. aenigma or C. siamense by morphological characteristics and multilocus phylogenetic analysis. The growth rates of these two species were determined at different incubation temperatures, and the results showed that both species grew well at 10–35°C, particularly at 25 or 30°C, while C. aenigma isolates were adapted to high growth rates at a wider range of temperatures than C. siamense. Pathogenicity assays indicated that the two species showed varying degrees of pathogenicity on E. japonicus. Wounding was conducive to the pathogenicity of C. aenigma or C. siamense on E. japonicus either by inoculation with mycelial discs or conidial suspensions. This study presents the first report of C. aenigma causing anthracnose on E. japonicus worldwide and of C. siamense in north China causing anthracnose on E. japonicus. The morphological features of Colletotrichum spp. associated with anthracnose on E. japonicus were also compared in detail in this study. The findings provide a contribution to the prevention and control of anthracnose on E. japonicus by better understanding the species involved.