bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cross‐sectional clinical study in women to investigate possible genotoxicity and hematological abnormalities related to the use of black cohosh botanical dietary supplements
Authors: Smith‐Roe Stephanie L. , Garantziotis Stavros , Church Rebecca L. , Bemis Jeffrey C. , Torous Dorothea K. , Shepard Kim G. , Hobbs Cheryl A. , Waidyanatha Suramya , Mutlu Esra , Shockley Keith R. , Kissling Grace E. , McBride Sandra J. , Xie Guanhua , Cristy Tim , Pierfelice Jessica , Witt Kristine L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBlack cohosh (BC; Actaea racemosa L.), a top‐selling botanical dietary supplement, is marketed to women primarily to ameliorate a variety of gynecological symptoms. Due to widespread usage, limited safety information, and sporadic reports of hepatotoxicity, the Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP) initially evaluated BC extract in female rats and mice. Following administration of up to 1000 mg/kg/day BC extract by gavage for 90 days, dose‐related increases in micronucleated peripheral blood erythrocytes were observed, along with a nonregenerative macrocytic anemia resembling megaloblastic anemia in humans. Because both micronuclei and megaloblastic anemia may signal disruption of folate metabolism, and inadequate folate levels in early pregnancy can adversely affect neurodevelopment, the DNTP conducted a pilot cross‐sectional study comparing erythrocyte micronucleus frequencies, folate and B12 levels, and a variety of hematological and clinical chemistry parameters between women who used BC and BC‐naïve women. Twenty‐three women were enrolled in the BC‐exposed group and 28 in the BC‐naïve group. Use of any brand of BC‐only supplement for at least 3 months was required for inclusion in the BC‐exposed group. Supplements were analyzed for chemical composition to allow cross‐product comparisons. All participants were healthy, with no known exposures (e.g., x‐rays, certain medications) that could influence study endpoints. Findings revealed no increased micronucleus frequencies and no hematological abnormalities in women who used BC supplements. Although reassuring, a larger, prospective study with fewer confounders (e.g., BC product diversity and duration of use) providing greater power to detect subtle effects would increase confidence in these findings.
A systematic review on the cost‐effectiveness of the computer‐assisted orthopedic system
Authors: Li Hua , Zhuang Tengfeng , Wu Wenrui , Gan Wenyi , Wu Chongjie , Peng Sijun , Huan Songwei , Liu Ning 
Published: November 2022

AbstractComputer‐assisted orthopedic system (CAOS) is rapidly gaining popularity in the field of precision medicine. However, the cost‐effectiveness of CAOS has not been well clarified. We performed this review to summarize and assess the cost‐effectiveness analyses (CEAs) with regard to CAOS. Publications on CEA in CAOS have been searched in PubMed and CEA Registry up to May 31, 2022. The Quality of Health Economic Studies (QHES) instrument was used to estimate the quality of studies. Relationships between qualities and potential factors were also examined. There were 15 eligible studies in the present review. Twelve studies evaluated CAOS joint arthroplasties and found that CAOS joint arthroplasties were cost‐effective compared to manual methods. Three studies focused on spinal surgery, two of which analyzed the cost‐effectiveness of CAOS for patients after spinal fusion, with conflicting results. One study demonstrated that CAOS was cost‐effective in spinal pedicle screw insertion. The mean QHES score of CEAs included was 86.1. The potential factors had no significant relationship with the quality of studies. Based on available studies, our review reflected that CAOS was cost‐effective in the field of joint arthroplasty. While in spinal surgery, the answer was unclear. Current CEAs represent high qualities, and more CEAs are required in the different disciplines of orthopedics where CAOS is employed.
A nationwide assessment of hepatocellular adenoma resection: Indications and pathological discordance
Authors: Haring Martijn P. D. , Elfrink Arthur K. E. , Oudmaijer Christiaan A. J. , Andel Paul C. M. , Furumaya Alicia , de Jong Nenke , Willems Colin J. J. M. , Huits Thijs , Sijmons Julie M. L. , Belt Eric J. T. , Bosscha Koop , Consten Esther C. J. , Coolsen Mariëlle M. E. , van Duijvendijk Peter , Erdmann Joris I. , Gobardhan Paul , de Haas Robbert J. , van Heek Tjarda , Lam Hwai‐Ding , Leclercq Wouter K. G. , Liem Mike S. L. , Marsman Hendrik A. , Patijn Gijs A. , Terkivatan Türkan , Zonderhuis Babs M. , Molenaar Izaak Quintus , te Riele Wouter W. , Hagendoorn Jeroen , Schaapherder Alexander F. M. , IJzermans Jan N. M. , Buis Carlijn I. , Klaase Joost M. , de Jong Koert P. , de Meijer Vincent E. ,   on behalf of Dutch Benign Liver Tumor Group
Published: November 2022

Hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) are benign liver tumors associated with bleeding or malignant transformation. Data on the indication for surgery are scarce. We analyzed indications and outcome of patients operated for HCAs < 50 mm compared to HCAs ≥ 50 mm. Changes in final postoperative diagnosis were assessed. We performed a retrospective study that included patients who underwent resection for (suspected) HCAs in the Netherlands from 2014 to 2019. Indication for resection was analyzed and stratified for small (<50 mm) and large (≥50 mm) tumors. Logistic regression analysis was performed on factors influencing change in tumor diagnosis. Out of 222 patients who underwent surgery, 44 (20%) patients had a tumor <50 mm. Median age was 46 (interquartile range [IQR], 33–56) years in patients with small tumors and 37 (IQR, 31–46) years in patients with large tumors (p = 0.016). Patients with small tumors were more frequently men (21% vs. 5%, p = 0.002). Main indications for resection in patients with small tumors were suspicion of (pre)malignancy (55%), (previous) bleeding (14%), and male sex (11%). Patients with large tumors received operations because of tumor size >50 mm (52%), suspicion of (pre)malignancy (28%), and (previous) bleeding (5.1%). No difference was observed in HCA‐subtype distribution between small and large tumors. Ninety‐six (43%) patients had a postoperative change in diagnosis. Independent risk factors for change in diagnosis were tumor size <50 mm (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.4; p < 0.01), male sex (aOR, 3.7; p = 0.03), and lack of hepatobiliary contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE‐MRI) (aOR, 1.8; p = 0.04). Resection for small (suspected) HCAs was mainly indicated by suspicion of (pre)malignancy, whereas for large (suspected) HCAs, tumor size was the most prevalent indication. Male sex, tumor size <50 mm, and lack of hepatobiliary CE‐MRI were independent risk factors for postoperative change in tumor diagnosis.
Conglomerate Aggregation of 7,12,17‐Trioxa[11]helicene into Homochiral Two‐Dimensional Crystals on the Cu(100) Surface
Authors: Irziqat Bahaaeddin , Berger Jan , Cebrat Aleksandra , Mendieta‐Moreno Jesús I. , Sundar Mothuku Shyam , Bedekar Ashutosh V. , Ernst Karl‐Heinz 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite the vast development of stereochemistry it remains a great challenge to predict the fate of homochiral or heterochiral recognition in crystallization from racemic solution or melt. Using the well‐defined model system of racemic trioxaundecahelicene on a Cu(100) surface in ultrahigh vacuum, the chiral recognition of this heterohelicene has been investigated by means of state‐of‐the‐art scanning probe microscopy. The combination of scanning tunneling microscopy and tuning fork‐based non‐contact atomic force microscopy allowed assignment of the absolute configuration of single 7,12,17‐trioxa[11]helicene molecules in their two‐dimensional assemblies. At very low coverages, homochiral van der Waals‐bonded tetramers are observed. These also constitute the building blocks of the completely filled monolayer, which is a 2D conglomerate of homochiral domains. The interpretation of the adsorption geometries was supported by density‐functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, predicting a stronger interaction energy for homochiral structures over the heterochiral assembly. The striking similarity to heptahelicene on the same surface suggests that chiral recognition is dominated by the footprint interaction of the molecules with the metallic substrate.
Unsteady thermally radiative and chemically reactive viscoelastic fluid flow past a vertical porous plate with a heat source
Authors: Muduly Madan Mohan , Swain Kharabela , Rath Pravat Kumar , Parida Tusar , Dash Gouranga Charan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn analytical study is performed to investigate the thermal radiation effect on the unsteady two‐dimensional magnetohydrodynamic flow of a viscoelastic incompressible fluid (Walters fluid model) along an infinite hot vertical sheet embedded in a porous medium. Further, the addition of a heat source in the energy equation as well as a chemical reaction in the concentration equation renders the present analysis realistic in the field of engineering and technology. The governing equations of mass, momentum, energy, and concentration are solved with successive perturbation techniques. The effects of pertinent parameters on fluid velocity, temperature, concentration, and bounding surface coefficients are shown graphically and in tabular form. The salient feature of the present study is to impose control on magnetic field strength vis‐à‐vis electromagnetic force by regulating voltage in the electric circuit. The important findings are: the elasticity property of the fluid is more sensitive to heated bounding surface consequently free convection current in enhancing the velocity near the plate than the inherent property viscosity. This outcome contributes to the design requirement to control the flow near the heated surface, higher values of frequency parameters contribute to the attainment of a free stream state in temperature distribution. Besides the aforesaid outcome, the present model is conducive to thinning of boundary layer as the elasticity, magnetic as well as free convection parameters enhance the force coefficients at the bounding surface.
Nirmatrelvir‐ritonavir treatment of COVID‐19 in a high‐risk patient population: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Kane Anna M. , Keenan Erica M. , Lee Kasheng , Hartkopf Katherine J. , Ludwig Trisha A. , Trapskin Philip J. , Vanderloo Joshua P. , Schulz Lucas T 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a highly contagious, airborne viral infection that can infect anyone. Those with certain underlying conditions may be at higher risk for infection to develop into a severe disease requiring hospitalization. This report summarizes use of nirmatrelvir‐ritonavir for the treatment of COVID‐19 in high‐risk patients at a single academic medical center through a pharmacist delegation protocol and demonstrates real‐world efficacy and safety of treatment.MethodsThis retrospective, single‐center, observational study analyzed all patients who received nirmatrelvir‐ritonavir ordered by a clinical pharmacist for treatment of COVID‐19 infection. The primary outcomes were safety and efficacy of nirmatrelvir‐ritonavir. Safety was evaluated by analyzing drug interaction management and adverse events. Efficacy was evaluated through hospitalization and death within 28 days of nirmatrelvir‐ritonavir use.ResultsSixty patients were eligible for inclusion. No patients were hospitalized or died within 28 days after initiation of nirmatrelvir‐ritonavir. Pharmacists identified 101 drug interactions with 60% considered clinically significant, requiring modification of home medications. Adverse outcomes associated with the use of nirmatrelvir‐ritonavir were reported in 13 patients (21.7%).ConclusionsA comprehensive program to mitigate drug interactions and prescribe nirmatrelvir‐ritonavir ensured timely access to COVID‐19 therapy, which may be associated with the prevention of hospitalization and death.
Dropout intentions in secondary education: Student temperament and achievement motivation as antecedents
Authors: Anttila Satu , Lindfors Heidi , Hirvonen Riikka , Määttä Sami , Kiuru Noona 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionAs early school leaving and dropping out from education pose a challenge for later life adjustment, it is important to identify antecedent factors for the risk of school dropout to tailor individual support for adolescents. Consequently, this study examines the role of adolescents' motivational beliefs and behaviors (i.e., success expectations, planning, and task‐avoidance) as well as their temperament (i.e., extraversion/surgency, negative affectivity, effortful control, and affiliativeness) in their dropout intentions in the first year of upper secondary education.MethodsParticipants were Finnish adolescents' (n = 536; 57% girls, mean age 12.39 at outset, standard deviation = 0.35) and their motivational beliefs and behaviors were measured in Grades 6 and 9. Their temperament was also measured in Grade 9. As for dropout intentions, they were measured in upper secondary education. The effects of gender, academic achievement, task value, and educational track were controlled for in the analyses.ResultsThe results of latent growth modeling showed that, of motivational beliefs and behaviors, high success expectations and low task avoidance independently predicted lower dropout intentions. Success expectations in Grade 6 also mediated the effects of extraversion/surgency, negative affectivity and effortful control on subsequent school dropout intentions, whereas an increase in task avoidance in lower secondary school was a mediator between extraversion/surgency and dropout intentions.ConclusionsOur study provides novel understanding about how temperament is linked with motivational beliefs and behaviors and what roles they together play in subsequent school dropout intentions. Supporting students with different temperaments and achievement motivations would be important to prevent adverse consequences for both the individual and society.
Effects of a dental Spanish educational intervention among predoctoral students at a US dental school
Authors: McKenzie Carly Timmons , Ospina Ana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurpose/objectivesThis study investigated the effects of an online module intended to educate dental students about Spanish terms and phrases relevant to a patient appointment. Effects investigated included perceived value of dental Spanish, confidence utilizing Spanish terms in a patient appointment, and degree of knowledge retention.MethodsThis study utilized pre‐ and postsurvey data collected from three classes at one US dental institution (D2‐D4) via an online measure accompanying the virtual educational module. Questions assessed degree of accurate knowledge retained, level of confidence, perceived value of dental Spanish, language proficiency, and year in school.ResultsPredoctoral dental students in three cohorts participated in the study (97% and 87% pre/post‐test response rate, respectively). Most students reported dental Spanish to be beneficial and necessary. However, the intervention did not influence students’ perceived value of dental Spanish. Students who disagreed that dental Spanish was valuable performed significantly worse on the postintervention knowledge assessment when compared to those students who positively reported value of dental Spanish. The intervention significantly increased confidence levels overall regarding use of dental Spanish in a patient appointment. Significant knowledge acquisition occurred for each of the components assessed.Conclusion(s)A brief online educational intervention can effectively increase dental students’ knowledge of and confidence utilizing Spanish terms commonly employed during a patient appointment. Perceived value of dental Spanish is high and impacts students’ knowledge retention but is not affected by education alone.
Improving nitrogen retention of cattle slurry with oxidized biochar: An incubation study with three different soils
Authors: Cao Xinyue , Reichel Rüdiger , Wissel Holger , Brüggemann Nicolas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe application of livestock slurry in soils can lead to nitrogen (N) losses through ammonia (NH3) emission or nitrate (NO3−) leaching. Oxidized biochar has great potential to mitigate N losses due to its strong adsorption capacity; however, the effects of oxidized biochar in different soils treated with slurry are currently unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of untreated and oxidized biochar (applied at a rate of 50 kg C m−3 slurry) on reducing N losses in a laboratory experiment with three different soils (loamy sand, sandy loam, loam) amended with cattle slurry at an application rate of 73 kg N ha−1. Oxidized biochar reduced NH3 emissions by 64–75% in all soils, whereas untreated biochar reduced NH3 emissions by 61% only in the loamy sand. Oxidized biochar significantly reduced the NO3− content in the soil solution of the loamy sand in the early phase of the incubation and led to a significantly higher NO3− concentration in the same soil compared with the slurry‐only treatment at the end of the experiment, indicating a significant increase in NO3− retention in this organic C–poor soil. We conclude that oxidized biochar can reduce N losses, both in the form of NH3 emission and NO3− leaching, from cattle slurry applied to soil, particularly in soil with soil organic carbon content <1% and pH <5 (i.e., oxidized biochar can serve as a means for improving the quality of marginal and acidic soils).
Inflammatory bowel disease type influences development of elevated liver enzymes
Authors: Cheng Yao‐Wen , McLean Richard , Sewell Justin L , Huang Chiung‐Yu , Khalili Mandana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimUp to a third of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have elevated liver enzymes (ELE). We evaluated the incidence, predictors, and outcomes associated with ELE in a diverse and vulnerable IBD cohort.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 336 IBD patients receiving care at the San Francisco safety net gastroenterology clinics between June 1996 and December 2019. Baseline characteristics were captured at first visit, then patients were followed until last clinic activity or death. Testing and etiology, pattern of ELE defined as transient (<1 month) or persistent (≥1 month), were assessed. Multivariate modeling evaluated predictors of ELE at baseline, new ELE at follow‐up, and pattern of ELE.ResultsBaseline median age was 40.3 years, 62% male, 46% White (13% Black, 19% Asian, and 18% Latino), and 59% had ulcerative colitis (UC). Among those without known liver disease (n = 14), 51.6% (166 of 322; 52 at baseline, 114 during follow‐up) had ELE. In multivariate logistic regression, 5‐aminosalicylic acid use (odds ratio [OR] 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–4.4, P = 0.03) and higher body mass index (OR 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02–1.14, P = 0.01) were associated with baseline ELE. In multivariate Cox regression, UC (vs. Crohn's disease [CD]) had a 34% lower risk of developing new ELE during follow‐up (hazard ratio [HR] 0.66, 95% CI: 0.46–0.95, P = 0.02). Mortality rate was higher for patients with ELE (0% normal vs 2.3% transient ELE vs 6.5% persistent ELE, P < 0.001).ConclusionELE is prevalent in IBD, especially in CD, and associated with higher rates of mortality. Identification and management of ELE particularly when persistent are important to IBD outcomes.
Cartography of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants based on the susceptibility to therapeutic monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Furuse Yuki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA comprehensive picture of a phenotypic relationship among severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants has been poorly studied. Here, this study presents cartography showing how the wild‐type strain of SARS‐CoV‐2 and 14 variants are alike or different from the perspective of the susceptibility to 12 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. The Alpha variant is close to the wild‐type strain, whereas the Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants diverge from the wild‐type. The map highlights the very unique property of the Omicron variant. Interestingly, sublineages of the Omicron variants, BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/5, differ substantially in the cartography.
Spectrophotometric analysis of theCO2system in aqueous solutions: A freshwater example from the Snake River, Idaho,USA
Authors: Hudson‐Heck Ellie , Byrne Robert H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis work describes a new, generally applicable method to comprehensively characterize the inorganic carbon system of aqueous solutions. The method requires only simple spectrophotometric measurements and is appropriate for not only open‐ocean seawater (where convenient assumptions and approximations may be made) but also the more challenging case of freshwaters. The overall approach is to (1) measure pH in the field at the time of sample collection and (2) measure sample pH, carbonate alkalinity (AC), and total alkalinity (AT) later in the laboratory. All required equipment is inexpensive and portable. The paired laboratory measurements of pH andACcan be used to obtain the concentration of total inorganic carbon (CT). ThisCTcan in turn be paired with the field pH measurements to comprehensively characterize carbon‐system parameters in the sampled water body at in situ conditions. To our knowledge, this method is the first to spectrophotometrically measureACand thus the first to completely characterizeCTand the carbon system of freshwaters using spectrophotometric measurements only. The concurrent measurements ofACandATcan also be used to partition alkalinity into its carbonate and noncarbonate components. This work additionally describes how to quantitatively correct for artifacts that may arise (especially in freshwater samples) from using HgCl2to halt respiration in sample bottles. The use of these methods is illustrated using samples collected from the Snake River (Idaho, USA) before and during the 2020 spring flow.
“Ear of the Lynx” Sign in Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis (HSP) 76
Authors: Agarwal Ayush , Oinam Rahul , Goel Vinay , Sharma Pooja , Faruq Mohd. , Garg Ajay , Srivastava Achal K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundHereditary Spastic Paraparesis (HSP) are a group of genetically inherited disorders, clinically and genetically heterogenous and characterized by degeneration of corticospinal tracts, manifesting with progressive spasticity and lower limbs weakness. Most HSPs have an autosomal dominant inheritance. “Ear of the Lynx” sign describes the characteristic abnormality in the forceps minor region of the corpus callosum (CC) on MRI brain. These bear a striking resemblance to the ears of a lynx. This finding has previously been described with hereditary spastic paraparesis 11 and 15, both of which are autosomal recessive HSPs.CasesWe describe this finding in two siblings with novel mutations causing HSP76, an extremely rare autosomal recessive HSP (less than 50 cases described worldwide), which has not been reported previously.ConclusionThis sign suggests the presence of pathogenic genetic mutations and is likely indicative of autosomal recessive HSPs.