bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On existence and uniqueness of weak solutions to nonlocal conservation laws with BV kernels
Authors: Coclite Giuseppe Maria , De Nitti Nicola , Keimer Alexander , Pflug Lukas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this note, we extend the known results on the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions to conservation laws with nonlocal flux. In case the nonlocal term is given by a convolution$$\gamma *q$$γ∗q, we weaken the standard assumption on the kernel$$\gamma \in L^\infty \big ((0,T); W^{1,\infty }({\mathbb {R}})\big )$$γ∈L∞((0,T);W1,∞(R))to the substantially more general condition$$\gamma \in L^\infty ((0,T); BV({\mathbb {R}}))$$γ∈L∞((0,T);BV(R)), which allows for discontinuities in the kernel.
Strengthening of duplex stainless steel processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP)
Authors: Muñoz Jairo Alberto , Chand Mohan , Signorelli Javier Walter , Calvo Jessica , Cabrera José María 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This manuscript presents the study of the microstructural evolution, plastic anisotropy, and mechanical behavior of a duplex stainless steel (DSS) processed by the equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) technique. The ECAP process produced shear bands affecting both phases, austenite and ferrite, which in turns act as preferential sites for the appearance of the new ultrafine grains. Microstructural observations indicated grain sizes smaller than 300 nm in both phases. However, marked differences in the grain boundary misorientations were observed. Most ferrite grain boundaries showed low misorientations (average misorientation of 30°). In contrast, the austenite grain boundaries were mainly dominated by high-angle grain boundaries (average misorientation of 39°). The ECAP processing allowed to reach a yield strength over 1.1 GPa after one ECAP pass. Dislocations formed walls in the ferrite, while they were distributed evenly in the austenite grains creating plastic gradients between the two phases. Through the visco-plastic self-consistent model, it was found that austenite and ferrite strain hardening at different rates, generating plastic instabilities at different strain magnitudes. In this way, it was shown that austenite is the phase that provides more hardening while ferrite provides ductility. Regarding the anisotropy of the steel, crystal plasticity simulations showed that during the first passes of ECAP, the Lankford coefficients increase notably due to the heterogeneous microstructure of sheared grains with a higher density of defects forming subgrains in ferrite than austenite. Moreover, the austenite was more responsible for the larger planar anisotropy ($$\Delta r$$

Δ
r

= 2.18) values than ferrite ($$\Delta r$$

Δ
r

= 1.67) after two ECAP passes.
The variance inflation factor to account for correlations in likelihood ratio tests: deformation analysis with terrestrial laser scanners
Authors: Kermarrec Gaël , Lösler Michael , Guerrier Stéphane , Schön Steffen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe measurement noise of a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) is correlated. Neglecting those correlations affects the dispersion of the parameters when the TLS point clouds are mathematically modelled: statistical tests for the detection of outliers or deformation become misleading. The account for correlations is, thus, mandatory to avoid unfavourable decisions. Unfortunately, fully populated variance covariance matrices (VCM) are often associated with computational burden. To face that challenge, one answer is to rescale a diagonal VCM with a simple und physically justifiable variance inflation factor (VIF). Originally developed for a short-range correlation model, we extend the VIF to account for long-range dependence coming from, for example, atmospheric turbulent effects. The validation of the VIF is performed for the congruency test for deformation with Monte Carlo simulations. Our real application uses data from a bridge under load.
Thyroid Lobectomy for Low‐Risk 1–4 CM Papillary Thyroid Cancer is not Associated with Increased Recurrence Rates in the Dutch Population with a Restricted Diagnostic Work‐Up
Authors: Lin J. F. , Rodriguez Schaap P. M. , Metman M. J. H. , Nieveen van Dijkum E. J. M. , Dickhoff C. , Links T. P. , Kruijff S. , Engelsman A. F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines recommend to de‐escalate treatment such as Thyroid lobectomy instead of total thyroidectomy for 1–4 cm papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Dutch guidelines endorse restricted work‐up for thyroid incidentalomas recommending only fine needle aspiration in case of a ‘palpable thyroid nodule’. This diagnostic work‐up algorithm may result in the identification of less indolent PTCs and may lead to a patient population with relatively more aggressive PTCs. This study aims to retrospectively analyze recurrence rates of low‐risk 1–4 cm PTC in the Netherlands.MethodsFrom the national cancer registry, patients with low‐risk 1–4 cm PTC between 2005 and 2015 were included for analysis. Disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival were compared between patients who underwent TT ± RAI and TL without RAI. Post‐hoc propensity score analysis was performed correcting for age, sex, T‐stage, and N‐stage.ResultsIn total 901 patients were included, of which 711 (78.9%) were females, with a median follow‐up of 7.7 years. TT was performed in 893 (94.8%) patients. Recurrence occurred in 23 (2.6%) patients. Multivariable analysis showed no significant correlation between extent of surgery and DFS (p = 0.978), or overall survival (p = 0.590). After propensity score matching, multivariable analysis showed no significant difference on extent of surgery and recurrence.ConclusionLow‐risk PTC patients with 1–4 cm tumor who underwent TL showed similar recurrence rates as those who underwent TT ± adjuvant RAI, which suggests that TL can be sufficient in treating low‐risk 1–4 cm PTC, possibly reducing morbidity of these patients in the Netherlands.
Extracellular vesicle approach to major psychiatric disorders
Authors: Oraki Kohshour Mojtaba , Papiol Sergi , Delalle Ivana , Rossner Moritz J. , Schulze Thomas G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOver the last few years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have received increasing attention as potential non-invasive diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for various diseases. The interest in EVs is related to their structure and content, as well as to their changing cargo in response to different stimuli. One of the potential areas of use of EVs as biomarkers is the central nervous system (CNS), in particular the brain, because EVs can cross the blood–brain barrier, exist also in peripheral tissues and have a diverse cargo. Thus, they may represent “liquid biopsies” of the CNS that can reflect brain pathophysiology without the need for invasive surgical procedures. Overall, few studies to date have examined EVs in neuropsychiatric disorders, and the present evidence appears to lack reproducibility. This situation might be due to a variety of technical obstacles related to working with EVs, such as the use of different isolation strategies, which results in non-uniform vesicular and molecular outputs. Multi-omics approaches and improvements in the standardization of isolation procedures will allow highly pure EV fractions to be obtained in which the molecular cargo, particularly microRNAs and proteins, can be identified and accurately quantified. Eventually, these advances will enable researchers to decipher disease-relevant molecular signatures of the brain-derived EVs involved in synaptic plasticity, neuronal development, neuro-immune communication, and other related pathways. This narrative review summarizes the findings of studies on EVs in major psychiatric disorders, particularly in the field of biomarkers, and discusses the respective therapeutic potential of EVs.
Inguinal hernia surgery learning curves by associate clinicians
Authors: van Kesteren Jurre , Meylahn-Jansen Pauline J. , Conteh Amara , Lissenberg-Witte Birgit I. , van Duinen Alex J. , Ashley Thomas , Bonjer H. Jaap , Bolkan Håkon A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Open inguinal hernia repair is the most commonly performed procedure in general surgery in sub-Saharan Africa, but data on its learning curve are lacking. This study evaluated the learning curve characteristics to improve surgical training and enable scaling up hernia surgery in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods
Logbook data of associate clinicians enrolled in a surgical training program in Sierra Leone were collected and their first 55 hernia surgeries following the Bassini technique (herniorrhaphies) were analyzed in cohorts of five cases. Studied variables were gradient of decline of operating time, variation in operating time, and length of stay (LOS). Eleven subsequent cohorts of each five herniorrhaphies were investigated.

Results
Seventy-five trainees enrolled in the training program between 2011 and 2020 were eligible for inclusion. Thirty-one (41.3%) performed the minimum of 55 herniorrhaphies, and had also complete personal logbook data. Mean operating times dropped from 79.6 (95% CI 75.3–84.0) to 48.6 (95% CI 44.3–52.9) minutes between the first and last cohort, while standard deviation in operating time nearly halved to 15.4 (95% CI 11.7–20.0) minutes, and LOS was shortened by 3 days (8.5 days, 95%CI 6.1–10.8 vs. 5.4 days, 95% 3.1–7.6). Operating times flattened after 31–35 cases which corresponded with 1.5 years of training.

Conclusions
The learning curve of inguinal hernia surgery for associate clinicians flattens after 31–35 procedures. Training programs can be tailored based on this finding. The recorded learning curve may serve as a baseline for future training techniques.
How does the modality of delivering force feedback influence the performance and learning of surgical suturing skills? We don’t know, but we better find out! A review
Authors: Oppici Luca , Grütters Kim , Bechtolsheim Felix , Speidel Stefanie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Force feedback is a critical element for performing and learning surgical suturing skill. Force feedback is impoverished or not present at all in non-open surgery (i.e., in simulation, laparoscopic, and robotic-assisted surgery), but it can be augmented using different modalities. This rapid, systematic review examines how the modality of delivering force feedback influences the performance and learning of surgical suturing skills.

Methods
An electronic search was performed on PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase databases to identify relevant articles. The results were synthesized using vote counting based on direction of effect.

Results
A total of nine studies of medium-to-low quality were included. The synthesis of results suggests that the visual modality could be more beneficial than the tactile and auditory modalities in improving force control and that auditory and tactile modalities could be more beneficial than the visual modality in improving suturing performance. Results are mixed and unclear with regards to how modality affects the reduction of force magnitude and unclear when unimodal was compared to multimodal feedback. The studies have a general low level of evidence.

Conclusion
The low number of studies with low methodological quality and low level of evidence (most were proof of concept) prevents us from drawing any meaningful conclusion and as such it is currently unknown whether and how force feedback modality influences surgical suturing skill. Speculatively, the visual modality may be more beneficial for improving the control of exerted force, while auditory and tactile modalities may be more effective in improving the overall suturing performance. We consider the issue of feedback modality to be highly relevant in this field, and we encourage future research to conduct further investigation integrating principles from learning psychology and neuroscience: identify feedback goal, context, and skill level and then design and compare feedback modalities accordingly.
Ballet after breast cancer: investigating the feasibility and acceptability of a novel 16-week classical ballet intervention for breast cancer survivors
Authors: Macdonald Eliza R. , Clifford Briana K. , Simar David , Ward Rachel E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Purpose
The “Ballet after breast cancer” study sought to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of a 16-week classical ballet intervention for breast cancer survivors, delivered face-to-face and/or online.

Methods
Breast cancer survivors were recruited to take part in 2 × 1-h ballet classes per week for 16 weeks. Primary outcomes of feasibility and acceptability were assessed according to rates of enrolment and attendance and participant feedback via questionnaire. Secondary outcomes included quality of life (QOL), upper-body disability, shoulder range of motion (ROM), muscular strength, aerobic capacity, and physical activity levels. Associations between rate of attendance and changes in secondary measures were explored.

Results
Thirty-one participants (62% of eligible individuals) enrolled in the program. Twenty-nine women commenced the intervention [53.3 ± 10.8 years (Mean ± SD)], attending 77.6% [67.6, 87.5] (Mean [95% CI]) of sessions. Based on these rates of enrolment and attendance, and participant feedback, the program was deemed feasible and acceptable to participants. Significant improvements in shoulder ROM and reductions in sedentary behaviour were achieved. Participants also reported improvements in physical capacity and psychological, social, and cognitive wellbeing.

Conclusions
The “Ballet after breast cancer” program, delivered face-to-face and/or online, was feasible and acceptable to breast cancer survivors. Improvements in shoulder ROM achieved doing ballet were pertinent given the adverse effects of upper-body morbidity on breast cancer survivor QOL. Improvements in physical activity behaviour and perceived benefits to wellbeing also support the use of ballet to mitigate QOL impairment after treatment.

Implications for cancer survivors
The physical demands and the fun, creative, and social characteristics of ballet promote improvement across multiple domains of health and wellbeing. Ballet shows promise as an activity to improve QOL and increase long-term engagement in health-promoting physical activity after breast cancer.
Video restoration based on deep learning: a comprehensive survey
Authors: Rota Claudio , Buzzelli Marco , Bianco Simone , Schettini Raimondo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVideo restoration concerns the recovery of a clean video sequence starting from its degraded version. Different video restoration tasks exist, including denoising, deblurring, super-resolution, and reduction of compression artifacts. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the main features of existing video restoration methods based on deep learning. We focus our attention on the main architectural components, strategies for motion handling, and loss functions. We analyze the standard benchmark datasets and use them to summarize the performance of video restoration methods, both in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. In conclusion, the main challenges and future research directions in video restoration using deep learning are highlighted.
A population-based cohort study of sex and risk of severe outcomes in covid-19
Authors: Sieurin Johanna , Brandén Gunnar , Magnusson Cecilia , Hergens Maria-Pia , Kosidou Kyriaki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere is a male sex disadvantage in morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19. Proposed explanations to this disparity include gender-related health behaviors, differential distribution of comorbidities and biological sex differences. In this study, we investigated the association between sex and risk of severe COVID-19 while adjusting for comorbidities, socioeconomic factors, as well as unmeasured factors shared by cohabitants which are often left unadjusted. We conducted a total-population-based cohort study (n = 1,854,661) based on individual-level register data. Cox models was used to estimate the associations between sex and risk for severe COVID-19. We additionally used a within-household design and conditional Cox models aiming to account for unmeasured factors shared by cohabitants. A secondary aim was to compare the risk of COVID-19 related secondary outcomes between men and women hospitalized due to COVID-19 using logistic regression. Men were at higher risk for hospitalization (HR = 1.63;95%CI = 1.57–1.68), ICU admission (HR = 2.63;95%CI = 2.38–2.91) and death (HR = 1.81;95%CI = 1.68–1.95) due to COVID-19, based on fully adjusted models. However, the effect of sex varied significantly across age groups: Among people in their 50s, men had > four times higher risk of COVID-19 death. The within-household design did not provide any further explanation to the sex disparity. Among patients hospitalized due to COVID-19, men had an increased risk for viral pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute respiratory insufficiency, acute kidney injury, and sepsis which persisted in fully adjusted models. Recognition of the combined effect of sex and age on COVID-19 outcomes has implications for policy strategies to reduce the adverse effects of the disease.
Mortality Advantage Reversed: The Causes of Death Driving All-Cause Mortality Differentials Between Immigrants, the Descendants of Immigrants and Ancestral Natives in Sweden, 1997–2016
Authors: Wallace Matthew 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA small but growing body of studies have documented the alarming mortality situation of adult descendants of migrants in a number of European countries. Nearly all of them have focused on all-cause mortality to reveal these important health inequalities. This paper takes advantage of the Swedish population registers to study all-cause and cause-specific mortality among men and women aged 15–44 in Sweden from 1997 to 2016 to a level of granularity unparalleled elsewhere. It adopts a multi-generation, multi-origin and multi-cause-of-death approach. Using extended, competing-risks survival models, it aims to show (1) how the all-cause mortality of immigrants arriving as adults (the G1), immigrants arriving as children (the G1.5) and children of immigrants born in Sweden to at least one immigrant parent (the G2) differs versus ancestral Swedes and (2) what causes-of-deaths drive these differentials. For all-cause mortality, most G1 (not Finns or Sub-Saharan Africans) have a mortality advantage. This contrasts with a near systematic reversal in the mortality of the G1.5 and G2 (notably among men), which is driven by excess accident and injury, suicide, substance use and other external cause mortality. Given that external causes-of-death are preventable and avoidable, the findings raise questions about integration processes, the levels of inequality immigrant populations are exposed to in Sweden and ultimately, whether the legacy of immigration has been positive. Strengths of the study include the use of quality data and advanced methods, the granularity of the estimates, and the provision of evidence that highlights the precarious mortality situation of the seldom-studied G1.5.
Riparian wetlands of low-order streams in Brazil: extent, hydrology, vegetation cover, interactions with streams and uplands, and threats
Authors: Junk Wolfgang J. , Piedade Maria Teresa Fernandez , Schöngart Jochen , da Cunha Catia Nunes , Goncalves Stela Rosa Amaral , Wantzen Karl Matthias , Wittmann Florian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLow-order streams and riparian wetlands are important contributors to the drainage network in the landscape. However, there has been little research into the nature of these ecosystems in Brazil. Our estimates show that riparian wetlands of low-order streams and other small associated wetlands cover at least 25% of the forested part of the Amazon basin and about 10% of the Cerrado region. Information on the semi-arid Caatinga is lacking, but ~ 3% of the area may be occupied by riparian wetlands and other small wetland types, many of which are periodically dry. Riparian vegetation includes a very large richness in tree species. The amount and species richness of herbaceous plants depend on light availability. In-streams of the semi-arid region of Brazil, hydrophytes are restricted by unpredictable flash floods and periodic drought. Aquatic food webs are largely based on the organic matter produced by the riparian vegetation. Large-scale agriculture and cattle ranching pose a serious threat to riparian wetlands, their biodiversity, and their function as a buffer in the hydrological cycle of the landscape. A nation-wide screening program would provide a more detailed picture and allow the elaboration of a national conservation and restoration program for the Brazilian riparia.
The hot deformation behaviour of laser powder bed fusion deposited Al–Si–Cu alloy processed by high-pressure torsion
Authors: Al-Zubaydi Ahmed S. J. , Gao Nong , Dzugan Jan , Podany Pavel , Sahu Sandeep , Kumar Deepak , Chen Ying , Reed Philippa A. S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe tensile properties of an ultrafine-grained Al–9%Si–3%Cu alloy deposited by the laser powder bed fusion process have been investigated in this work. The additively manufactured (AM) alloy was subjected to high-pressure torsion processing at room temperature successfully at different number of turns in HPT and then inspected through hot tensile testing at 298 and 573 K using strain rates ranging from 10–1 to 10–4 s−1. The processed alloy showed extensive refinement and high dislocation density that was associated with considerable strength at ambient temperature. The as-deposited and processed samples of the alloy exhibited significantly higher tensile strength and elongation under hot deformation conditions compared with their cast counterpart alloys. The room temperature-HPT processing presented ultrafine α-Al and well-distributed nanosized eutectic Si particles which significantly improved the tensile behaviour and thermal stability of the processed microstructures. The formation of fibrous structures has enhanced the flow behaviour and cavitation resistance at the elevated testing temperature. The current work indicates the impact of room temperature-HPT processing on the mechanical performance of the controllable AM-deposited alloy to meet industrial needs without further heat treatments or alloying additions.
The Impact of Long–Term Orientation Traits on Pandemic Fatigue Behavior: Evidence from the Columbian Exchange
Authors: Roy Sutanuka , Gupta Sudhir , Tourky Rabee 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLeveraging exogenous variation in time preferences, we measure the causal effects of culturally embodied long-term orientation traits on voluntary social distancing behavior, COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and mortality outcomes in 2020 in the United States. We establish that long-term orientation traits with bio-geographical origins causally reduce measures of COVID-19 cases, deaths and hospitalization, inpatient bed utilization, and age-specific excess deaths. Mobility indicators measuring voluntary decisions to socially distance, comprising measures of visitors/visits to recreational locations, and mobility proxy measuring duration of hours away from home show that a lower prevalence of long-term orientation traits explains persistent resistance to social distancing.