bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability of the retrotympanum and its association with mastoid pneumatization in cholesteatoma patients
Authors: Hool Sara-Lynn , Beckmann Sven , Hakim Arsany , Yacoub Abraam , Caversaccio Marco , Wagner Franca , Anschuetz Lukas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the variability of the retrotympanum in patients undergoing surgical treatment for cholesteatoma.

Methods
We included 59 ears of patients undergoing middle ear surgery for cholesteatoma who had preoperative computed tomography scans. A retrospective analysis of the medical records was conducted. The sinus tympani (ST), subtympanic sinus (STS) and facial recess (FR) were classified into types A–C based on the relationship of their extension to the facial nerve. The mastoid and petrous apex were assessed and categorized as normal pneumatized or sclerotic.

Results
Type A extension was the most frequently found in all sinuses (ST 64%, FR 77%, STS 69%), Type B extension was found more often in ST (34%) and STS (24%) than in FR (15%). A very deep extension was found only rarely (ST 2%, FR 8%, STS 7%). A sclerotic mastoid was found in 67% of cases. Those cases showed a statistically significant difference regarding retrotympanum pneumatization when compared with normal mastoid.

Conclusion
The most frequent variant of retrotympanic pneumatization in relation to the facial nerve was type A in all subsites in cholesteatoma patients. The variability among patients with cholesteatoma is different to previously published results in healthy subjects. Moreover, the pneumatization of the retrotympanum is associated with mastoid pneumatization.
Friction-induced noise in drum brakes: finite-element modeling and experiments with special focus on damping
Authors: Schmid Dominik , Gräbner Nils , von Wagner Utz 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBrake squeal in friction brakes is a typical audible noise phenomenon in vehicles leading to high development and sometimes warranty costs for the suppliers. The friction forces generated during braking are responsible for self-excited vibrations in the audible frequency range starting from $$1\hbox { kHz}$$

1

kHz

. In the past countermeasures against friction-induced vibrations are mostly investigated for disk brakes while the present study focuses on drum brakes. Damping is in the context of self-excited vibrations often one of the key measures. Nowadays recuperative braking in electric vehicles relieves the conventional friction brake. Due to safety reasons, electric vehicles need to possess at least a second independent brake system. Therefore, simpler drum brakes are on the rise again when developing brake systems. Compared to brake disks, where damping elements can hardly be implemented, the freely accessible drum surface and the brake shoes offer so far unused potential for applying passive damping measures. The present paper focuses on how damping measures influence the noise behavior of drum brakes. Industrial and non-industrial brake components are investigated in detail. Experimental as well as numerical procedures are used to assess damping and noise characteristics.
Architecture and connectivity of the human angular gyrus and of its homolog region in the macaque brain
Authors: Niu Meiqi , Palomero-Gallagher Nicola 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe angular gyrus roughly corresponds to Brodmann’s area 39, which is a multimodal association brain region located in the posterior apex of the human inferior parietal lobe, at its interface with the temporal and occipital lobes. It encompasses two cyto- and receptor architectonically distinct areas: caudal PGp and rostral PGa. The macaque brain does not present an angular gyrus in the strict sense, and the establishment of homologies was further hindered by the fact that Brodmann defined a single cytoarchitectonic area covering the entire guenon inferior parietal lobule in the monkey brain, i.e. area 7. Latter architectonic studies revealed the existence of 6 architectonically distinct areas within macaque area 7, further connectivity and functional imaging studies supported the hypothesis that the most posterior of these macaque areas, namely Opt and PG, may constitute the homologs of human areas PGp and PGa, respectively. The present review provides an overview of the cyto-, myelo and receptor architecture of human areas PGp and PGa, as well as of their counterparts in the macaque brain, and summarizes current knowledge on the connectivity of these brain areas. Finally, the present study elaborates on the rationale behind the definition of these homologies and their importance in translational studies.
Blood and saliva SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in self-collected dried spot samples
Authors: Lahdentausta Laura , Kivimäki Anne , Oksanen Lotta , Tallgren Marika , Oksanen Sampo , Sanmark Enni , Salminen Aino , Geneid Ahmed , Sairanen Mikko , Paju Susanna , Saksela Kalle , Pussinen Pirkko , Pietiäinen Milla 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe examined the usefulness of dried spot blood and saliva samples in SARS-CoV-2 antibody analyses. We analyzed 1231 self-collected dried spot blood and saliva samples from healthcare workers. Participants filled in a questionnaire on their COVID-19 exposures, infections, and vaccinations. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, IgA, and IgM levels were determined from both samples using the GSP/DELFIA method. The level of exposure was the strongest determinant of all blood antibody classes and saliva IgG, increasing as follows: (1) no exposure (healthy, non-vaccinated), (2) exposed, (3) former COVID-19 infection, (4) one vaccination, (5) two vaccinations, and (6) vaccination and former infection. While the blood IgG assay had a 99.5% sensitivity and 75.3% specificity to distinguish participants with two vaccinations from all other types of exposure, the corresponding percentages for saliva IgG were 85.3% and 65.7%. Both blood and saliva IgG-seropositivity proportions followed similar trends to the exposures reported in the questionnaires. Self-collected dry blood and saliva spot samples combined with the GSP/DELFIA technique comprise a valuable tool to investigate an individual’s immune response to SARS-CoV-2 exposure or vaccination. Saliva IgG has high potential to monitor vaccination response wane, since the sample is non-invasive and easy to collect.
Effects and duration of exercise-based prehabilitation in surgical therapy of colon and rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Falz Roberto , Bischoff Christian , Thieme René , Lässing Johannes , Mehdorn Matthias , Stelzner Sigmar , Busse Martin , Gockel Ines 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Functional capacity is an independent indicator of morbidity in colon and rectal cancer surgery. This systematic review describes the evaluated and synthesized effects of exercise prehabilitation depending on the duration of interventions on functional and postoperative outcomes in colon and rectal cancer surgery.

Methods
Three electronic databases (MEDLINE Pubmed, Web of Sciences, and Cochrane Registry) were systematically searched (January 2022) for controlled trials that investigated the effects of prehabilitation prior to colo-rectal cancer resection.

Results
Twenty-three studies were included in this systematic review and 14 in our meta-analyses assessing these outcomes: the 6 min walk distance (6MWD), postoperative overall complications, and length of stay (LOS). We observed a significant improvement in preoperative functional capacity as measured with 6MWD (mean difference: 30.8 m; 95% CI 13.3, 48.3; p = 0.0005) due to prehabilitation. No reductions in LOS (mean difference: – 0.27 days; 95% CI – 0.93, 0.40; p = 0.5) or postoperative overall complications (Odds ratio: 0.84; 95% CI 0.53, 1.31; p = 0.44) were observed. Prehabilitation lasting more than 3 weeks tended to lower overall complications (Odds ratio: 0.66; 95% CI 0.4, 1.1; p = 0.11). However, the prehabilitation time periods differed between colon and rectal carcinoma resections.

Conclusion
Prehabilitation while the patient is preparing to undergo surgery for colorectal carcinoma improves functional capacity; and might reduce postoperative overall complications, but does not shorten the LOS. The studies we reviewed differ in target variables, design, and the intervention’s time period. Multicenter studies with sufficient statistical power and differentiating between colon and rectal carcinoma are needed to develop implementation strategies in the health care system.

Registration
PROSPERO CRD42022310532
Successful ABO and HLA incompatible kidney transplantation in children in the UK
Authors: Hew Eun Yee , Kessaris Nicos , Stojanovic Jelena , Jones Helen , Christian Martin , Edwards Anusha , Milford David V. , Ognjanovic Milos , Shenoy Mohan , Baker Richard J. , Marks Stephen D. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
There is increasing evidence of good short-term and medium-term outcomes of ABO incompatible (ABOi) and HLA incompatible (HLAi) kidney transplantation with pre-transplant positive crossmatches in paediatric practice. However, there remain concerns regarding the higher risks of infective complications and antibody-mediated rejections. The aim of our study is to show longer-term follow-up on all ABOi and HLAi paediatric kidney transplant recipients (pKTR) in the UK.

Methods
Questionnaires specifying kidney transplant type, desensitisation requirement and kidney allograft function were sent to 13 paediatric nephrology centres that performed kidney transplantation in children and young people under 18 years of age who received an ABOi and/or HLAi transplant between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2016. Patient and kidney allograft survival were compared between ABOi, HLAi and ABO/HLA compatible (ABOc/HLAc) groups.

Results
Among 711 living donor kidney transplants performed in the UK, 23 were ABOi and 6 were HLAi. Patient survival was 87%, 100% and 96% in ABOi, HLAi and ABOc/HLAc groups, respectively, at median follow-up of 6.8 (3.6–14.0) years post-transplant. Death-censored kidney allograft survival was 100% in all 3 groups at last follow-up. There were no cases of primary non-function in ABOi or HLAi groups, but 2% in the ABOc/HLAc group. There was one reported case of Epstein-Barr viral-induced post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder.

Conclusion
Longer term follow-up has shown that ABOi and HLAi kidney transplantation are feasible for pKTR where no compatible donors are available, and that minimising desensitisation should be achieved where possible.

Graphical abstract
A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
Was macht Übungsaufgaben eigentlich schwer? – Kognitive Gestaltungsmerkmale von Übungsaufgaben der Analysis I
Authors: Wlassak Felix , Schöneburg-Lehnert Silvia 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Bearbeiten von Übungsaufgaben stellt die zentrale Aktivität von Studierenden in der Eingangsphase des Mathematikstudiums dar. Jedoch gibt es bisher nur wenige Untersuchungen, die sich mit Gestaltungsmerkmalen von Übungsaufgaben auseinandersetzen. Die niedrigen eigenständigen Bearbeitungs- und Lösungsquoten von Übungsaufgaben legen das Vorliegen substanzieller Unterschiede in den Gestaltungsmerkmalen zwischen schulischen Mathematikaufgaben und den Übungsaufgaben der Hochschulmathematik nahe. Auf Basis von Kategoriensystemen, die zur Untersuchung schulischer Aufgaben genutzt wurden, wurde ein Instrument entwickelt, welches sich zur Klassifizierung von Übungsaufgaben sowie dem Abgrenzen schulischer und universitärer Anforderungen eignet. Hierfür wurden 530 Übungsaufgaben der Analysis I von vier Universitäten hinsichtlich Ihrer kognitiven Gestaltungsmerkmale klassifiziert. Die Merkmalsverteilungen lassen auf einen deutlich höheren durchschnittlichen Anspruch der Übungsaufgaben im Vergleich zu den Aufgaben der Schulmathematik schließen. Weiterhin wurden Unterschiede in der Aufgabengestaltung zwischen den verschiedenen universitären Standorten festgestellt. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse bieten insbesondere das Potenzial für einen Vergleich mit den Anforderungen, wie sie in Klausur- oder Präsenzübungsaufgaben gestellt werden.
Disease modification in Parkinsonism: obstacles and ways forward
Authors: Höllerhage M. , Klietz M. , Höglinger G. U. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo date, the diagnoses of Parkinson syndromes are based on clinical examination. Therefore, these specific diagnoses are made, when the neuropathological process is already advanced. However, disease modification or neuroprotection, is considered to be most effective before marked neurodegeneration has occurred. In recent years, early clinical or prodromal stages of Parkinson syndromes came into focus. Moreover, subtypes of distinct diseases will allow predictions of the individual course of the diseases more precisely. Thereby, patients will be enrolled into clinical trials with more specific disease entities and endpoints. Furthermore, novel fluid and imaging biomarkers that allow biochemical diagnoses are under development. These will lead to earlier diagnoses and earlier therapy in the future as consequence. Furthermore, therapeutic approaches will take the underlying neuropathological process of neurodegenerative Parkinson syndromes more specific into account. Specifically, future therapies will target the aggregation of aggregation-prone proteins such as alpha-synuclein and tau, the degradation of pathological aggregates, and the spreading of pathological protein aggregates throughout the brain. Many of these approaches are already in (pre)clinical development. In addition, anti-inflammatory approaches are in development. Furthermore, drug-repurposing is a feasible approach to shorten the developmental process of new drugs.
Targeted detection and repair of a spinal dural defect associated with successful biochemical resolution of subarachnoid bleeding in classical infratentorial superficial siderosis
Authors: Lobo Rhannon , Batbayar Bilguun , Kharytaniuk Natallia , Cowley Peter , Sayal Parag , Farmer Simon , Werring David J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background and importance
Classical infratentorial superficial siderosis (iSS) is characterised by repeated insidious bleeding into the subarachnoid space, leading to haemosiderin deposition within the subpial layers of the brainstem, cerebellum and spinal cord, sometimes with supratentorial involvement. Although nearly always associated with a dural defect (usually from previous trauma or neurosurgery) there is little evidence to support definitive investigation and management strategies. Here, we present a novel investigation strategy to identify a dural defect and subsequent successful surgical repair with biochemical resolution of subarachnoid bleeding.

Clinical presentation
A 55-year-old gentleman presented with a 15-year progressive history of sensorineural deafness, followed by a slowly worsening gait ataxia. He had previously sustained cranio-spinal trauma. On examination there were features of myelopathy and ataxia. MRI demonstrated classical iSS, affecting cerebellum and cerebral cortices, with a cervicothoracic epidural CSF collection. Lumbar puncture (LP) revealed elevated ferritin 413 ng/mL and red cell count of 4160. Reverse CT myelography, a novel technique involving contrast injection into the collection, delineated a dural defect at the T9/T10 level that was not present on conventional myelography. Following surgical repair, repeat LP twelve months later demonstrated biochemical improvement (ferritin 18 ng/mL, red cells < 1). There was no further neurological deterioration in symptoms during eighteen months follow-up.

Conclusion
We show the value of a rational targeted investigation pathway in identifying a surgically reparable dural defect underlying classical iSS. We also provide proof of concept that surgical repair can facilitate biochemical resolution of subarachnoid bleeding and might prevent progression of neurological disability.
Fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulation for studying the impact of atherosclerosis on hemodynamics, arterial tissue remodeling, and initiation risk of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Rostam-Alilou Ali A. , Jarrah Hamid R. , Zolfagharian Ali , Bodaghi Mahdi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe biomechanical and hemodynamic effects of atherosclerosis on the initiation of intracranial aneurysms (IA) are not yet clearly discovered. Also, studies for the observation of hemodynamic variation due to atherosclerotic stenosis and its impact on arterial remodeling and aneurysm genesis remain a controversial field of vascular engineering. The majority of studies performed are relevant to computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. CFD studies are limited in consideration of blood and arterial tissue interactions. In this work, the interaction of the blood and vessel tissue because of atherosclerotic occlusions is studied by developing a fluid and structure interaction (FSI) analysis for the first time. The FSI presents a semi-realistic simulation environment to observe how the blood and vessels' structural interactions can increase the accuracy of the biomechanical study results. In the first step, many different intracranial vessels are modeled for an investigation of the biomechanical and hemodynamic effects of atherosclerosis in arterial tissue remodeling. Three physiological conditions of an intact artery, the artery with intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS), and an atherosclerotic aneurysm (ACA) are employed in the models with required assumptions. Finally, the obtained outputs are studied with comparative and statistical analyses according to the intact model in a normal physiological condition. The results show that existing occlusions in the cross-sectional area of the arteries play a determinative role in changing the hemodynamic behavior of the arterial segments. The undesirable variations in blood velocity and pressure throughout the vessels increase the risk of arterial tissue remodeling and aneurysm formation.
Chronic Granulomatous Disease: an Updated Experience, with Emphasis on Newly Recognized Features
Authors: Oikonomopoulou Zacharoula , Shulman Stanford , Mets Marilyn , Katz Ben 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an uncommon, inborn error of immunity. We updated our large, single-center US experience with CGD and describe some newly recognized features.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 26 patients seen from November 2013 to December 2019. Serious infections required intravenous antibiotics or hospitalization.

Results
There were 21 males and 5 females. The most frequent infectious agents at presentation were aspergillus (4), serratia (4), burkholderia (2), Staphylococcus aureus (2), and klebsiella (2). The most common serious infections at presentation were pneumonia (6), lymphadenitis (6), and skin abscess (3). Our serious infection rate was 0.2 per patient-year from December 2013 through November 2019, down from 0.62 per patient-year from the previous study period (March 1985–November 2013). In the last 6 years, four patients were evaluated for human stem cell transplantation, two were successfully transplanted, and we had no deaths. Several patients had unusual infections or autoimmune manifestations of disease, such as pneumocystis pneumonia, basidiomycete/phellinus fungal pneumonia, and retinitis pigmentosa. We included one carrier female with unfavorable Lyonization in our cohort.

Conclusion
We update of a large US single-center experience with CGD and describe some recently identified features of the illness.
The Socialisation of Athlete Irrational Beliefs
Authors: King Ailish M. , Turner Martin J. , Plateau Carolyn R. , Barker Jamie B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAccording to Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), humans have a strong biological tendency to adopt self-defeating irrational beliefs which are subsequently driven by the socio-cultural environment one lives in Ellis (J Individ Psychol 32:145–168, 1976). Sport of all levels presents a unique environment which may serve to explain sport-related irrationalities harboured by athletes given that sport seems to endorse irrationality evident by the language used by key personnel and outlets (e.g., coaches and the media; (Turner in Front Psychol 7(9):1–16, 2016. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01423). An athlete’s beliefs and philosophies are shaped by a myriad of people within and outside of sport with whom they look to for guidance, such as coaches, medical professionals, parents, and the media. These key social agents within an athlete’s micro- and macro-environment harbour and model irrationality through their behaviour, language and processes. These irrationalities may then be internalized, giving rise to the development and maintenance of irrational beliefs in athletes. Research has consistently demonstrated the association between irrational beliefs and deleterious mental health outcomes in athletes, such as psychological distress (e.g., Turner in Bernard and Dryden (eds.) REBT: advances in theory, research, prevention, promotion, Springer Press, pp. 307–335, 2019). Therefore, the aim of our commentary is twofold: (1) to critically explore how key stakeholders within an athlete’s micro- and macro- environment contribute to the development, maintenance, and strengthening of irrational beliefs in athletes and, (2) to provide guidance to key stakeholders on weakening irrational beliefs and strengthening rational beliefs, thereby promoting a healthy and successful sport environment and positive mental health outcomes in athletes.
The ability of callus tissues induced from three Allium plants to accumulate health-beneficial natural products, S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides
Authors: Yoshimoto Naoko , Asano Takashi , Kisanuki Ayuna , Kanno Chihiro , Asanuma Machiko , Yamazaki Mami , Fujii Isao , Saito Kazuki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractS-Alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides (CSOs), such as methiin, alliin, and isoalliin, are health-beneficial natural products biosynthesized in the genus Allium. Here, we report the induction of multiple callus tissue lines from three Allium vegetables, onion (A. cepa), Welsh onion (A. fistulosum), and Chinese chive (A. tuberosum), and their ability to accumulate CSOs. Callus tissues were initiated and maintained in the presence of picloram and 2-isopentenyladenine as auxin and cytokinin, respectively. For all plant species tested, the callus tissues almost exclusively accumulated methiin as CSO, while the intact plants contained a substantial amount of isoalliin together with methiin. These results suggest that the cellular developmental conditions and the regulatory mechanisms required for the biosynthesis of methiin are different from those of alliin and isoalliin. The methiin content in the callus tissues of onion and Welsh onion was much higher compared to that in the intact plants, and its cellular concentration could be estimated as 1.9–21.7 mM. The activity of alliinase that degrades CSOs in the callus tissues was much lower than that of the intact plants for onion and Welsh onion, but at similar levels as in the intact plants for Chinese chive. Our findings that the callus tissues of onion and Welsh onion showed high methiin content and low alliinase activity highlighted their potential as a plant-based system for methiin production.