bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiota may mediate the impact of chronic apical periodontitis on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E‐deficient mice
Authors: Gan Guowu , Zhang Ren , Lu Beibei , Luo Yufang , Chen Shuai , Lei Huaxiang , Li Yijun , Cai Zhiyu , Huang Xiaojing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimThere are growing evidences linking chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) to atherosclerosis. Gut microbiota is found to be involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have shown that CAP could change the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota. It was therefore, we hypothesized that gut microbiota and its metabolites could mediate the impact of CAP on atherosclerosis.MethodologyTwenty‐four 5‐week‐old lipoprotein E knockout (apoE−/−) mice were randomly divided into four groups: the CAP group, Con group, Co‐CAP (cohoused with CAP) and Co‐Con (cohoused with Con) group. In the CAP group, sterile cotton wool containing P. gingivalis was placed into the exposed pulp chamber, followed by coronal resin‐based composite restoration of the bilateral maxillary first and second molars. In the Con group, a sham operation was performed. Biweekly, mice in the CAP group were anaesthetised to check the sealing of coronal access. Meanwhile, the animals in the Con group were anaesthetised. The cohousing approach was used to introduce gut microbiota from the CAP and Con groups into the Co‐CAP and Co‐Con groups, respectively. Alterations in the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota were detected using 16S rRNA sequencing, Oil‐red O staining was used to demonstrate the extent of lesions, and serum levels of trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO), and immunohistochemistry of flavin‐containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) in liver were used to assess TMAO‐related metabolic alterations.ResultsAlterations of alpha and beta diversity were shown both in the CAP and the Co‐CAP groups. Moreover, the percentage of atherosclerotic lesion area increased in the CAP and Co‐CAP groups (p < .05). Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) at the family level found the increases of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae (p < .05), which were positively correlated with serum TMAO levels (p < .05). In the redundancy analysis technique (RDA), serum levels of TMAO were positively associated with the atherosclerotic lesions. Co‐occurrence analysis revealed that the relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae and Porphyromonadacae were positively correlated with both the percentage of lesion area and TMAO level (p < .05).ConclusionThus, within the limitations of this study, the data suggest that the gut microbiota can mediate the effects of CAP on atherosclerosis.
Change in fatty acid composition of plasma triglyceride caused by a 2 week comprehensive risk management for diabetes: A prospective observational study of type 2 diabetes patients with supercritical fluid chromatography/mass spectrometry‐based semi‐target lipidomic analysis
Authors: Taya Naohiro , Katakami Naoto , Omori Kazuo , Hosoe Shigero , Watanabe Hirotaka , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Miyashita Kazuyuki , Nishizawa Hitoshi , Konya Yutaka , Obara Sachiko , Hidaka Ayako , Nakao Motonao , Takahashi Masatomo , Izumi Yoshihiro , Shimomura Iichiro , Bamba Takeshi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionHypertriglyceridemia is common in patients with diabetes. Although the fatty acid (FA) composition of triglycerides (TGs) is suggested to be related to the pathology of diabetes and its complications, changes in the fatty acid composition caused by diabetes treatment remain unclear. This study aimed to identify short‐term changes in the fatty acid composition of plasma triglycerides after diabetes treatment.Materials and MethodsThis study was a sub‐analysis of a prospective observational study of patients with type 2 diabetes aged between 20 and 75 years who were hospitalized to improve glycemic control (n = 31). A lipidomic analysis of plasma samples on the 2nd and 16th hospital days was conducted by supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.ResultsIn total, 104 types of triglycerides with different compositions were identified. Most of them tended to decrease after treatment. In particular, triglycerides with a lower carbon number and fewer double bonds showed a relatively larger reduction. The inclusion of FA 14:0 (myristic acid), as a constituent of triglyceride, was significantly associated with a more than 50%, and statistically significant, reduction (odds ratio 39.0; P < 0.001). The total amount of FA 14:0 as a constituent of triglycerides also decreased significantly, and its rate of decrease was the greatest of all the fatty acid constituents.ConclusionsA 2 week comprehensive risk management for diabetes resulted in decreased levels of plasma triglycerides and a change in the fatty acid composition of triglycerides, characterized by a relatively large reduction in FA 14:0 as a constituent of triglycerides.
Effectiveness and safety of anti‐tau drugs for Alzheimer's disease: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zheng Xiaoyan , Tang Yuyuan , Yang Qinghui , Wang Shuting , Chen Rouhao , Tao Chenyang , Zhang Peiming , Fan Baochao , Zhan Jie , Tang Chunzhi , Lu Liming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the cognitive effectiveness and safety of tau‐targeting drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD)MethodsThe MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform databases were searched from inception to 22 November 2021. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials were performedResultsThirty‐four randomized controlled trials comprising 5549 participants, of which fifteen (51.7%) had a low risk of bias, were included. The meta‐analysis showed no differences in the cognitive subscale of the AD: Assessment Scale (ADAS‐Cog) between anti‐tau drugs and placebo (mean difference [MD]: −0.77, 95% CI: −1.64 to 0.10; minimal important difference 3.1–3.8 points, moderate certainty evidence). For ADAS‐Cog, the results subgroup analysis suggested a statistical effect of tau posttranslational modifications on drug inhibition (MD: −0.80, 95% CI: −1.43 to −0.17), which was not seen with tau aggregation inhibitors or immunotherapy (interaction p = 0.24). A total of 11.0%, 5.2%, and 4.8% of drugs inhibiting tau aggregation, immunotherapy, and drugs targeting posttranslational modifications, respectively, had a reduced risk of dropouts due to adverse events (AEs).DiscussionCurrent evidence suggests that anti‐tau drugs are unlikely to have an important impact on slowing cognitive impairment. Although the subgroup analysis suggested that inhibition of tau posttranslational modifications is statistically effective and generally safer because of reduced dropouts due to AEs, the analysis has limited credibility. Additional large‐scale and well‐designed randomized and placebo‐controlled trials will be necessary to explore the benefit of a certain type of anti‐tau drug for AD.
Association of lymph node metastases, grade and extent of mesenteric lymph node dissection in locoregional small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors with recurrence‐free survival
Authors: Daskalakis Kosmas , Wedin Maria , Tsoli Marina , Kogut Angelika , Srirajaskanthan Raj , Sarras Konstantinos , Kattiparambil Sajith , Giovos George , Weickert Martin O. , Kos‐Kudla Beata , Kaltsas Gregory 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe aimed to assess the prognostic impact of tumor‐ and patient‐related parameters in patients with stage I–III small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI‐NETs), who underwent locoregional resective surgery (LRS) with curative intent. We included 229 patients with stage I–III SI‐NETs diagnosed from June 15, 1993, through March 8, 2021, identified using the SI‐NET databases from five European referral centers. Mean ± SD age at baseline was 62.5 ± 13.6 years; 111/229 patients were women (49.3%). All tumors were well‐differentiated; 160 were grade 1 (G1) tumors, 51 were G2, two were G3 and 18 tumors were of unspecified grade (median Ki‐67: 2%, range 1%–50%). One‐hundred and sixty‐three patients (71.2%) had lymph node (LN) involvement. The median number of retrieved lymph nodes was 10 (0–63), whereas the median number of positive LNs was 2 (0–43). After a mean ± SD follow‐up of 54.1 ± 64.1 months, 60 patients experienced disease recurrence at a median (range) of 36.2 (2.5–285.1) months. The 5‐ and 10‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) rates were 66.6% and 49.3% respectively. In univariable analysis, there was no difference in RFS and overall survival (OS) between LN‐positive and LN‐negative patients (log‐rank, p = .380 and .198, respectively). However, in stage IIIb patients who underwent mesenteric lymph node dissection (MLND) with a minimum of five retrieved LN (n = 125), five or more LN metastases were associated with shorter RFS (median RFS [95% CI] = 107.4 [0–229.6] vs. 73.7 [35.3–112.1] months; log‐rank, p = .048). In addition, patients with G2 tumors exhibited shorter RFS compared to patients with G1 tumors (median RFS [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 46.9 [36.4–57.3] vs. 120.7 [82.7–158.8] months; log‐rank, p = .001). In multivariable Cox‐regression RFS analysis in stage IIIb patients, the Ki‐67 proliferation index (hazard ratio = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.035–1.131; p < .0001) and the number of LN metastases (hazard ratio = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.001–1.125; p = .047) were independent prognostic factors for RFS. In conclusion, LRS with a meticulous MLND and a minimum number of five harvested LNs appears to be critical in the surgical management of SI‐NET patients with locoregional disease. In patients who underwent LRS and MLND, the Ki‐67 proliferation index and the LN metastases count were independent predictors of RFS.
Sexual dimorphism in human midfacial growth patterns from newborn to 5 years old based on computed tomography
Authors: Syutkina Taisiya , Anikin Anatoliy , Satanin Leonid , Evteev Andrej 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecent studies have supported the presence and varying nature of craniofacial sexual dimorphism (SD) from the very first stages of ontogeny. But the exact patterns of between‐sex differences during the first years of life remain obscure despite the importance of these data for craniofacial surgery treatment and forensic studies. Our study employs a large dataset of clinical computed tomography scans of individuals of East Slavonic descent from birth to 5 years of age (247 males and 184 females) to address the pattern of age‐related between‐sex differences in 22 linear measurements of the mid‐face. At birth, SD of most dimensions is low, but it increases significantly during the first year of life. The level of SD of most variables fluctuates in both directions during the second year and peaks during the third and fourth years of life. During the sixth year, SD of about half of the variables markedly decreases. In adults, SD of all variables increases, but to a very different extent: from 2% to 13%. Most sexually dimorphic features of the facial skeleton begin to develop early in postnatal ontogeny and then may or may not become accentuated during puberty. Importantly, the patterns of age changes in the level of SD differ strongly between various dimensions, and so cannot be expressed by a single value for the whole face. Additionally, the level of SD for a particular variable is not ontogenetically stable during the first years of life.
Real‐world evidence for the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in reduction of total and cause‐specific mortality
Authors: Sha Sha , Nguyen Thi Mai Ngoc , Kuznia Sabine , Niedermaier Tobias , Zhu Anna , Brenner Hermann , Schöttker Ben 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundMeta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation for reduced cancer mortality, all‐cause mortality, and respiratory tract infections. However, whether and to what extent this translates into effectiveness in real‐world practice is unknown.MethodsWe assessed the association of vitamin D supplement use (as an over‐the‐counter drug or as part of a multivitamin product), vitamin D deficiency (25‐hydroxyvitamin D, 25[OH]D <30 nmol/L), and insufficiency (25[OH]D 30 to <50 nmol/L) with all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality in 445,601 participants, aged 40–73 years, from the UK Biobank cohort.ResultsA total of 4.3% and a further 20.4% of the study participants reported regularly taking vitamin D or multivitamin supplements, respectively. Still, the majority had either vitamin D deficiency (21.0%) or insufficiency (34.3%). We detected 49 independent determinants of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D supplement use and used them to adjust Cox regression models for all mortality outcomes. A total of 29,107 (6.5%) participants died during a median follow‐up time of 11.8 years. Both vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were strongly associated with all mortality outcomes. Self‐reported vitamin D supplement use (83% over‐the‐counter/17% prescription drugs) and multivitamin intake were significantly associated with 10% and 5% lower all‐cause mortality, respectively. Furthermore, regular vitamin D supplement users had 11%, 11%, and 29% lower cancer, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease mortality than nonusers, respectively (not significant for cardiovascular disease mortality).ConclusionThis large study suggests that in the real world, the efficacy of vitamin D supplements in reducing mortality may be at least as good as observed in RCTs.
Oncostatin M receptor is overexpressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma and connected to poor prognosis
Authors: Geng Qifeng , Wang Jing , Zhang Wei , Zhou Wei , Tang Genxiong , Gu Mingyan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundOncostatin M receptor is an interleukin 6 receptor with great influence on inflammation and cancer progression. However, the function of oncostatin M receptor in oral squamous cell carcinoma remains unknown.MethodsOncostatin M receptor expression was explored with TIMER and TCGA databases. The mRNA and protein expressions of oncostatin M receptor were detected in oral tissues. The association between oncostatin M receptor expression and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed, and the prognostic value of oncostatin M receptor was determined. Immune statues of oncostatin M receptor were analyzed by TIMER and TISIDB. The underlying mechanisms of oncostatin M receptor in oral squamous cell carcinoma was also explored preliminarily.ResultsOncostatin M receptor was dysregulated in many cancers. Both mRNA and protein levels of oncostatin M receptor in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues were significantly higher than that in normal oral tissues. Oncostatin M receptor expression was connected to differentiation, lymph node metastasis, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, perineural invasion and vascular invasion. Oncostatin M receptor expression was an independent prognostic factor associated with overall survivals. Oncostatin M receptor expression was significantly related to CD8+ T cell and interleukin 6 receptor. High oncostatin M receptor expression was associated with focal adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor interaction, and JAK/STAT signaling pathway.ConclusionOncostatin M receptor was overexpressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma and related to overall survival. Oncostatin M receptor expression has potential to become an effective prognostic biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.
Inbreeding effects on telomeres in hatchling sand lizards (Lacerta agilis): An optimal family affair?
Authors: Olsson Mats , Bererhi Badreddine , Miller Emily , Schwartz Tonia , Rollings Nicky , Lindsay Willow , Wapstra Erik 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTelomeres are nucleotide‐protein caps, predominantly at the ends of Metazoan linear chromosomes, showing complex dynamics with regard to their lengthening and shortening through life. Their complexity has entertained the idea that net telomere length and attrition could be valuable biomarkers of phenotypic and genetic quality of their bearer. Intuitively, those individuals could be more heterozygous and, hence, less inbred. However, some inbred taxa have longer, not shorter, telomeres. To understand the role of inbreeding in this complex scenario we need large samples across a range of genotypes with known maternity and paternity in telomere‐screened organisms under natural conditions. We assessed the effects of parental and hatchling inbreeding on telomere length in >1300 offspring from >500 sires and dams in a population of sand lizards (Lacerta agilis). Maternal and paternal ID and their interactions predict hatchling telomere length at substantial effect sizes (R2 > .50). Deviation from mean maternal heterozygosity statistically predicts shorter offspring telomeres but this only when sibship is controlled for by paternal ID, and then is still limited (R2 = .06). Raw maternal heterozygosity scores, ignoring absolute deviation from the mean, explained 0.07% of the variance in hatchling telomere length. In conclusion, inbreeding is not a driver of telomere dynamics in the sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) study system.
WOX11 and CRL1 act synergistically to promote crown root development by maintaining cytokinin homeostasis in rice
Authors: Geng Leping , Li Qi , Jiao Lele , Xiang Yimeng , Deng Qiyu , Zhou Dao‐Xiu , Zhao Yu 
Published: October 2022

Summary

Crown root (CR) morphogenesis is critical for normal growth and nutrition absorption in cereals. In rice, WUSCHEL‐RELATED HOMEOBOX11 (WOX11) and CROWN ROOTLESS1 (CRL1) play vital roles in controlling CR development. Despite their importance, whether and how the two regulators coordinate CR formation remains unclear.

Electrophoretic mobility shift assays, transient expression, and chromatin immunoprecipitation qPCR suggested that WOX11 and CRL1 directly bind to OsCKX4 to regulate its expression during CR development.

CRL1 enhances OsCKX4 activation through direct interaction with WOX11 at root emergence and elongation stages. Genetic dissection showed that the wox11/crl1 double mutant exhibits a more severe root phenotype. OsCKX4 knockout plants generated by CRISPR/Cas9 exhibited fewer CRs and higher cytokinin levels in the root meristem. Increased expression of OsCKX4 could partially complement the CR phenotypes of both crl1 and wox11 mutants. Furthermore, cytokinin can promote WOX11 protein accumulation in the root meristem.

Together, these findings show that cytokinin accumulation is tightly regulated by the WOX11‐CRL1 complex during CR elongation by counteracting the negative regulatory effects of cytokinin on root development. Importantly, these results reveal an intrinsic link between WOX11 protein accumulation and cytokinin to maintain CR growth.
Worldwide prevalence of geographic tongue in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pereira Renata da Paz Leal , de Oliveira Júlia Meller Dias , Pauletto Patrícia , Munhoz Etiene de Andrade , Silva Guerra Eliete Neves , Massignan Carla , De Luca Canto Graziela 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo identify the prevalence of geographic tongue in patients >18 years. A systematic literature review was performed in search of population‐based observational studies. Searches were performed using five main databases: Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science; and three gray literature sources: Google Scholar, ProQuest, and OpenGrey. In addition, a manual search in the reference list and consultation with experts on the topic studied were performed. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's checklist for prevalence studies. Ratio meta‐analyses were performed using JAMOVI. Initially, 3046 studies were identified. After a two‐phase selection, 11 studies were included for quantitative synthesis. Two studies were classified as of low methodological quality, five studies as of moderate quality, and four as of high quality. Two types of prevalence were analyzed: by period and point. Three studies were included in the period prevalence meta‐analysis, and the prevalence was 3% (Confidence interval [CI]: 0.4%–5.5%, n = 9813). Eight studies were included in the point‐prevalence meta‐analysis, and the prevalence was 3% (CI: −0.2% to 5.5%, n = 10,967). Although there are phases of exacerbation and remission in geographic tongue, prevalence and period prevalence were similar. Approximately one in 30 adults has a geographic tongue.
Ventricular arrhythmias in Kearns–Sayre syndrome: A cohort study using the National Inpatient Sample database 2016–2019
Authors: Wiseman Kyle , Gor Dhairya , Udongwo Ndausung , Alshami Abbas , Upadhaya Vandan , Daniels Steven J. , Chung Wendy K. , Koo Charles H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDDegeneration of the cardiac conduction system resulting in complete heart block (CHB), ventricular arrhythmias (VA), and sudden cardiac death (SCD) is recognized in patients with Kearns–Sayre syndrome (KSS) and is potentially preventable with permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation. However, other mechanisms for SCD have been proposed, and the efficacy of implanting a defibrillator instead of PPM remains to be investigated.METHODSWe utilized the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database 2016–2019 to investigate the risk of VA or dysrhythmic cardiac arrest (dCA) in KSS patients. We compared the outcomes of KSS to myotonic dystrophy (MD), a more common genetic disorder with similar clinical cardiac features and course.RESULTSWe identified 640 admissions for KSS. VA or dCA were lower in admissions for KSS than MD patients (2.3% vs. 4.5%, p = .009). Device implantation differed between study groups. Approximately, 70% of cases with KSS and conduction abnormalities had pacemaker (± defibrillator) on hospital discharge, compared to 35% in MD. Conduction abnormalities were associated with higher rates of VA or dCA in both study groups. None of the admissions for KSS patients who developed VA or dCA had a pacemaker, and all of them had conduction abnormalities. One‐third of admissions for MD patients who developed VA or dCA had a device already implanted prior to the event.CONCLUSIONDespite its effectiveness in preventing VA, PPM remains underutilized in patients with KSS or MD who have conduction abnormalities. PPM alone do not fully prevent VA in MD patients; therefore, addition of defibrillator capacity might be necessary.