bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two in one: the neotropical mirid predator Macrolophus basicornis increases pest control by feeding on plants
Authors: Silva Diego Bastos , Hanel Aldo , Franco Flavia Pereira , de Castro Silva‐Filho Marcio , Bento José Mauricio Simões 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant defenses activated by European zoophytophagous predators trigger behavioral responses in arthropods, benefiting pest management. However, repellence or attraction of pests and beneficial insects seems to be species‐specific. In the neotropical region, the mirid predator Macrolophus basicornis has proved to be a promising biological control agent of important tomato pests; nevertheless, the benefits of its phytophagous behavior have never been explored. Therefore, we investigated if M. basicornis phytophagy activates tomato plant defenses and the consequences for herbivores and natural enemies.RESULTSRegardless of the induction period of M. basicornis on tomato plants, Tuta absoluta females showed no preference for the odors emitted by induced or control plants. However, Tuta absoluta oviposited less on plants induced by M. basicornis for 72 h than on control plants. In contrast, induced plants repelled Bemisia tabaci females, and the number of eggs laid was reduced. Although females of Trichogramma pretiosum showed no preference between mirid‐induced or control plants, we observed high attraction of the parasitoid Encarsia inaron and conspecifics to plants induced by M. basicornis. While the mirid‐induced plants down‐regulated the expression of genes involving the salicylic acid (SA) pathway over time, the genes related to the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway were up‐regulated, increasing emissions of fatty‐acid derivatives and terpenes, which might have influenced the arthropods' host/prey choices.CONCLUSIONBased on both the molecular and behavioral findings, our results indicated that in addition to predation, M. basicornis benefits tomato plant resistance indirectly through its phytophagy. This study is a starting point to pave the way for a novel and sustainable pest‐management strategy in the neotropical region. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
A trial design to maximize knowledge of the effects of rodatristat ethyl in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (ELEVATE 2)
Authors: Lazarus Howard M. , Denning Jill , Wring Stephen , Palacios Michelle , Hoffman Sidra , Crizer Katelyn , Kamau‐Kelley Watiri , Symonds William , Feldman Jeremy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSerotonin plays a key role in the development and maintenance of the pathobiology associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Platelet‐driven and locally produced serotonin from lung tissue and arterial endothelial cells induce excessive growth of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. The unchecked growth of these cells is a major driver of PAH including the remodeling of pulmonary arteries that dramatically reduces the diameter and flexibility of the arterial lumen. Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) is the rate‐limiting enzyme for biosynthesis of serotonin and is upregulated in PAH arterial endothelial cells, supporting TPH1 inhibition to treat PAH. Targeting the serotonin pathway via inhibition of peripheral serotonin and local production in diseased tissues, rather than individual receptor‐mediated or receptor‐independent mechanisms, may result in the ability to halt or reverse pulmonary vascular remodeling. Rodatristat ethyl, a prodrug for rodatristat, a potent, peripheral inhibitor of TPH1, has demonstrated efficacy in monocrotaline and SUGEN hypoxia nonclinical models of PAH and robust dose‐dependent reductions of 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid, the major metabolite of serotonin in plasma and urine of healthy human subjects. ELEVATE 2 (NCT04712669) is a Phase 2b, double‐blind, multicenter trial where patients with PAH are randomized to placebo, 300 or 600 mg twice daily of rodatristat ethyl. The trial incorporates endpoints to generate essential clinical efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic data needed to evaluate the ability of rodatristat ethyl to ameliorate PAH by halting or reversing pulmonary vascular remodeling through its unique mechanism of TPH1 inhibition. Herein we describe the experimental design highlighting the trial's unique features.
Ideology in the mirror: A loving (self) critique of our equity and social justice efforts in STEM education
Authors: Basile Vincent , Azevedo Flávio S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis manuscript is born from contemplating and exploring how it is that we see so little systemic change in STEM education after so many years of working toward it, including the insidious persistence of systems of oppression, and historical and generational exploitation that our current critical, social justice efforts in STEM teacher preparation programs are ineffective and ill‐equipped at changing or dismantling. Starting from an explanatory frame of Freire's conundrum of the oppressed, we theorize toward a more complex notion of ideological change. Through the novel reflexive discourse of a loving (self) critique, we interrogate our own individual failures to construct a better theoretical understanding of them. Using self‐reflections and other examples, we theorize an imperative of continued ideological growth and development to more authentically step forward in our STEM education equity and social justice work.
Anomalous Structural Evolution and Glassy Lattice in Mixed‐Halide Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Shahrokhi Shamim , Dubajic Milos , Dai Zhi‐Zhan , Bhattacharyya Saroj , Mole Richard A. , Rule Kirrily C. , Bhadbhade Mohan , Tian Ruoming , Mussakhanuly Nursultan , Guan Xinwei , Yin Yuewei , Nielsen Michael P. , Hu Long , Lin Chun‐Ho , Chang Shery L. Y. , Wang Danyang , Kabakova Irina V. , Conibeer Gavin , Bremner Stephen , Li Xiao‐Guang , Cazorla Claudio , Wu Tom 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHybrid halide perovskites have emerged as highly promising photovoltaic materials because of their exceptional optoelectronic properties, which are often optimized via compositional engineering like mixing halides. It is well established that hybrid perovskites undergo a series of structural phase transitions as temperature varies. In this work, the authors find that phase transitions are substantially suppressed in mixed‐halide hybrid perovskite single crystals of MAPbI3‐xBrx (MA = CH3NH3+ and x = 1 or 2) using a complementary suite of diffraction and spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore, as a general behavior, multiple crystallographic phases coexist in mixed‐halide perovskites over a wide temperature range, and a slightly distorted monoclinic phase, hitherto unreported for hybrid perovskites, is dominant at temperatures above 100 K. The anomalous structural evolution is correlated with the glassy behavior of organic cations and optical phonons in mixed‐halide perovskites. This work demonstrates the complex interplay between composition engineering and lattice dynamics in hybrid perovskites, shedding new light on their unique properties.
Geometrical Optimization and Thermal‐Stability Characterization of Te‐Free Thermoelectric Modules Based on MgAgSb/Mg3(Bi,Sb)2
Authors: Ying Pingjun , Reith Heiko , Nielsch Kornelius , He Ran 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSolid‐state thermoelectric (TE) technology is a promising approach to harvest low‐grade waste heat (<573 K) and converts it to useful electricity in industrial and civilian settings. After decades of efforts in improving the figure‐of‐merit (zT) of TE materials, the development of advanced modules has started springing up in recent years. Although high‐performance modules have been largely reported based on the successful material improvement, it remains less investigated how and whether the module‐level designs can further increase the conversion efficiency. Herein, following the recent demonstration of a tellurium (Te)‐free TE generator, an increase is demonstrated in the efficiency by reducing both the electrical and thermal energy losses through simply optimizing geometric factors of filling factor and leg‐pair numbers. These module‐level optimizations enable a record conversion efficiency of 8.2% under a ∆T ≈ 260 K, thus fulfilling 90% of the theoretical efficiency of the materials and solidly exceeding the Bi2Te3 modules. Furthermore, module robustness against > 10 160 thermal cycles while preserving a relative efficiency of 95% is demonstrated. These findings highlight the importance of the optimization strategy at the module level and demonstrate the feasibility of using Te‐free thermoelectric compounds to harvest the omnipresent low‐grade heat.
Confining Metal‐Organic Framework in the Pore of Covalent Organic Framework: A Microscale Z‐Scheme System for Boosting Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Deng Yang , Wang Yue , Di Zichen , Xie Mingsen , Dai Fangfang , Zhan Shaoqi , Zhang Zhen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe search for building hierarchical porous materials with accelerated photo‐induced electrons and charge‐carrier separation is important because they hold great promise for applications in various fields. Here, a facile strategy of confining metal‐organic framework (MOF) in the 1D channel of the 2D covalent organic framework (COF) to construct a novel COF@MOF micro/nanopore network is proposed. Specifically, a nitrogen‐riched COF (TTA‐BPDA‐COF) is chosen as the platform for in‐situ growth of a Co‐based MOF (ZIF‐L‐Co) to form a TTA‐BPDA‐COF@ZIF‐L‐Co hybrid material. The hierarchical porous structure endows TTA‐BPDA‐COF@ZIF‐L‐Co with superior adsorption capacity. In addition, the integration of TTA‐BPDA‐COF and ZIF‐L‐Co forms a Z‐scheme photocatalytic system, which significantly improved the redox properties and accelerated the separation of photogenerated charges and holes, achieving great improvement in photocatalytic activity. This confinement engineering strategy provides a new idea to construct a versatile molecular‐material photocatalytic platform.
Fatigue behavior of RC slabs flexurally strengthened with prestressed NSM CFRP laminates
Authors: Mostakhdemin Hosseini M. R. , Dias Salvador J. E. , Barros Joaquim A. O. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSome reinforced concrete (RC) structures requiring strengthening intervention are subjected to cyclic loads during their lifetime. To evaluate the effect of this kind of loading on the behavior of flexurally strengthened RC slabs with prestressed near‐surface mounted (NSM) carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates, an experimental program formed by 10 RC slabs was carried out. Four specimens were submitted to monotonic loading and the remaining were submitted to 1 million cycles at a frequency of 1 Hz. Two levels of fatigue loading were applied and, for each one, three prestress levels for the CFRP were tested (0%, 20%, and 40%). Failure during the fatigue loading was occurred only in one specimen (at 752,000 cycles) with a maximum fatigue stress level of 92% (percentage of the maximum load carrying capacity of the equivalent slab tested up the failure under monotonic static loading). The other specimens, submitted to a maximum fatigue stress level between 46% and 82%, did not fail during the fatigue loading process. After 1 million cycles, the NSM strengthened slabs with 0%, 20%, and 40% of prestress presented an increase of 20%, 18%, and 25%, respectively in mid‐span deflection. In general, the strains in the CFRP laminates marginally increased during the fatigue loading. The results of the postfatigue monotonic tests until failure showed that the damage accumulation due the fatigue cycles neither affected the ultimate load capacity of the strengthened NSM CFRP slabs nor the failure mode in which the CFRP rupture.
Remission inductive efficacy of the combination of ARB, MRA, and saireito for nephrotic syndrome of membranous nephropathy
Authors: Ono Takahiko , Nagai Hiroyuki , Suzuki Noriyuki , Nogaki Fumiaki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCaseAngiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) effectively reduce urinary protein. An increase in aldosterone after ARB is termed aldosterone breakthrough and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) are useful against this phenomenon. The Japanese traditional medicine saireito has the potential to reduce proteinuria. MRAs may suppress licorice‐induced pseudoaldosteronism.OutcomeA 25‐year‐old Japanese female with idiopathic membranous nephropathy developed anasarca and a urinary protein/urinary creatinine ratio of 6.07. Her serum albumin level was 1.0 g/dL. Prednisolone, ciclosporin, and the ARB losartan were prescribed. After four months, prednisolone was tapered from 50 to 20 mg, and urinary protein/creatinine mildly decreased to 2.2. Although proteinuria was not reduced after the addition of the MRA eplerenone, further addition of saireito markedly reduced her proteinuria to 0.31. The serum albumin increased to over 3.0 g/dL.ConclusionThe combination of ARB, MRA, and saireito may exert a therapeutic effect and reduce the proteinuria due to nephrotic syndrome in membranous nephropathy.
Cornering the Two Higgs Doublet Model Type II
Authors: Atkinson Oliver , Black Matthew , Lenz Alexander , Rusov Aleksey , Wynne James 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We perform a comprehensive study of the allowed parameter space of the Two Higgs Doublet Model of Type II (2HDM-II). Using the theoretical framework flavio we combine the most recent flavour, collider and electroweak precision observables with theoretical constraints to obtain bounds on the mass spectrum of the theory. In particular we find that the 2HDM-II fits the data slightly better than the Standard Model (SM) with best fit values of the heavy Higgs masses around 2 TeV and a value of tan β ≈ 4. Moreover, we conclude that the wrong-sign limit is disfavoured by Higgs signal strengths and excluded by the global fit by more than five standard deviations and potential deviations from the alignment limit can only be tiny. Finally we test the consequences of our study on electroweak baryogenesis via the program package BSMPT and we find that the allowed parameter space strongly discourages a strong first order phase transition within the 2HDM-II.
An Augmented Lagrangian Model for Signal Segmentation
Authors: Moll Salvador , Pallardó Vicent 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we provide a new insight to the two-phase signal segmentation problem. We propose an augmented Lagrangian variational model based on Chan–Vese’s original one. Using both energy methods and PDE methods, we show, in the one-dimensional case, that the set of minimizers to the proposed functional contains only binary functions and it coincides with the set of minimizers to Chan–Vese’s one. This fact allows us to obtain two important features of the minimizers as a by-product of our analysis. First of all, for a piecewise constant initial signal, the jump set of any minimizer is a subset of the jump set of the given signal. Second, all of the jump points of the minimizer belong to the same level set of the signal, in a multivalued sense. This last property permits to design a trivial algorithm for computing the minimizers.
Multistage Vertex Cover
Authors: Fluschnik Till , Niedermeier Rolf , Rohm Valentin , Zschoche Philipp 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe NP-complete Vertex Cover problem asks to cover all edges of a graph by a small (given) number of vertices. It is among the most prominent graph-algorithmic problems. Following a recent trend in studying temporal graphs (a sequence of graphs, so-called layers, over the same vertex set but, over time, changing edge sets), we initiate the study of Multistage Vertex Cover. Herein, given a temporal graph, the goal is to find for each layer of the temporal graph a small vertex cover and to guarantee that two vertex cover sets of every two consecutive layers differ not too much (specified by a given parameter). We show that, different from classic Vertex Cover and some other dynamic or temporal variants of it, Multistage Vertex Cover is computationally hard even in fairly restricted settings. On the positive side, however, we also spot several fixed-parameter tractability results based on some of themost natural parameterizations.
Severe Dysphagia is Rare After Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation
Authors: Bologheanu Milena , Matic Aleksa , Feka Joy , Asari Reza , Bologheanu Razvan , Riegler Franz M. , Gensthaler Lisa , Osmokrovic Bogdan , Schoppmann Sebastian F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDysphagia remains the most significant concern after anti‐reflux surgery, including magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA). The aim of this study was to evaluate postoperative dysphagia rates, its risk factors, and management after MSA.MethodsFrom a prospectively collected database of all 357 patients that underwent MSA at our institution, a total of 268 patients were included in our retrospective study. Postoperative dysphagia score, gastrointestinal symptoms, proton pump inhibitor intake, GERD‐HRQL, Alimentary Satisfaction, and serial contrast swallow imaging were evaluated within standardized follow‐up appointments. To determine patients’ characteristics and surgical factors associated with postoperative dysphagia, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed.ResultsAt a median follow‐up of 23 months, none of the patients presented with severe dysphagia, defined as the inability to swallow solids or/and liquids. 1% of the patients underwent endoscopic dilatation, and 1% had been treated conservatively for dysphagia. 2% of the patients needed re‐operation, most commonly due to recurrent hiatal hernia. Two patients underwent device removal due to unspecific discomfort and pain. No migration of the device or erosion by the device was seen. The LINX® device size ≤ 13 was found to be the only factor associated with postoperative dysphagia (OR 5.90 (95% CI 1.4–24.8)). The postoperative total GERD‐HRQL score was significantly lower than preoperative total score (2 vs. 19; p = 0.001), and daily heartburn, regurgitations, and respiratory complains improved in 228/241 (95%), 131/138 (95%) and 92/97 (95%) of patients, respectively.ConclusionsDysphagia requiring endoscopic or surgical intervention was rare after MSA in a large case series. LINX® devices with a size < 13 were shown to be an independent risk factor for developing postoperative dysphagia.
Treatment trends for muscle-invasive bladder cancer in Germany from 2006 to 2019
Authors: Flegar Luka , Kraywinkel K. , Zacharis A. , Aksoy C. , Koch R. , Eisenmenger N. , Groeben C. , Huber J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To examine national treatment trends of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) in Germany with a special focus on radical cystectomy (RC).

Patients and methods
Population-based data were derived from the nationwide hospital billing database of the German Federal Statistical Office and institution-related information from the reimbursement.INFO tool based on hospitals’ quality reports from 2006 to 2019. Additionally, we used the German National Center for Cancer Registry data to analyze all cases of bladder cancer with stage ≥ T2 who received RC, chemotherapy, radiation therapy or a combination from 2006 to 2017.

Results
The annual number of RC cases in Germany increased by 28% from 5627 cases in 2006 to 7292 cases in 2019 (p = 0.001). The proportion of patients undergoing RC remained constant at about 75% in all age groups between 2006 and 2017 (p = 0.3). Relative to all performed RC, the proportion of patients > 75 years increased from 25% in 2006 to 38% in 2019 (p = 0.03). The proportion of patients receiving a combination of RC and chemotherapy increased from 9% in 2006 to 13% in 2017 (p = 0.005). In 2006, 8 of 299 urology departments (2.7%) performed more than 50 RCs per year, which increased to 17 of 360 (4.7%) in 2019. In 2019, 107 departments (29%) performed 25–49 RCs and 236 (66%) departments performed < 25 RCs.

Conclusion
In Germany, three out of four patients with MIBC receive RC and the proportion of patients > 75 years is increasing. The combination of surgery and chemotherapy is increasingly used. With overall increasing case numbers, there is a slight tendency towards centralization.
Establishing a robotic-assisted PCI program: experiences at a large tertiary referral center
Authors: Brunner Fabian J. , Waldeyer Christoph , Zengin-Sahm Elvin , Kondziella Christoph , Schrage Benedikt , Clemmensen Peter , Westermann Dirk , Blankenberg Stefan , Seiffert Moritz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRobotic-assisted percutaneous coronary interventions (rPCI) have proven feasible and safe while reducing radiation exposure for the operator. Recently, rPCI systems have been refined to facilitate the treatment of complex lesions. The aim of the current study was to evaluate challenges and opportunities of establishing an rPCI program at a tertiary referral center. rPCI was performed using the CorPath GRX Vascular Robotic System (Corindus Inc., a Siemens Healthineers Company, Waltham, USA). Baseline, procedural, and in-hospital follow-up data were prospectively assessed. rPCI success was defined as completion of the PCI without or with partial manual assistance. The safety endpoint was the composite of missing angiographic success or procedure-related adverse events during hospital stay. Overall, 86 coronary lesions were treated in 71 patients (28.2% female) from January to April 2021. Median age was 71.0 years (IQR 60.3; 79.8). Indications for rPCI were stable angina pectoris (71.8%), unstable angina (12.7%) and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (15.5%). Most lesions were complex (type B2/C: 88.4%) and included 7 cases of rPCI for chronic total occlusions. Angiographic and rPCI success were achieved in 100.0% and 94.2%, respectively. Partial manual assistance was used in 25.6%. Conversion to manual PCI was required in 5.8%. The safety endpoint occurred in 7.0% of patients. rPCI when applied as clinical routine for complex coronary lesions is effective with good immediate angiographic and clinical results. Future investigations should focus on the identification of patients that particularly benefit from robotic-assisted vs. manual PCI despite higher resource utilization.
Das Dorf – ein unterschätzter Wirtschaftsstandort? Standortfaktoren von Dörfern in Südniedersachsen
Authors: Behnen Tobias , Harteisen Ulrich 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDörfer standen als Wirtschaftsstandort in der fachlichen und öffentlichen Diskussion lange im Schatten der urbanen Räume. Dies hat sich durch drängende sozioökonomische Wandlungsprozesse in ländlichen Räumen geändert. Aktuelle Erkenntnisse zu Unternehmen in Dörfern und deren konkrete Standortbedürfnisse liegen aber kaum vor. Die in 3 Beispielgemeinden in Südniedersachsen durchgeführte Untersuchung konnte empirisch ermitteln, dass es mit der Breitbandanbindung und der Fachkräfteverfügbarkeit 2 große Problemkomplexe gibt, die Unternehmen in Dörfern klar benennen. Gleichzeitig verfügt der Wirtschaftsstandort Dorf aber auch über eine Reihe positiv wirkender weicher Standortfaktoren. Eine Besonderheit ist, dass Unternehmerinnen und Unternehmern oft in den Dörfern leben, in denen sie tätig sind. Daraus ergibt sich eine spezielle soziale Dimension, die sich etwa im Engagement bei lokalen Veranstaltungen widerspiegelt. Zur optimierten Wirtschaftsförderung wird neben einer besseren Vernetzung besonders eine Stärkung der Scharnierfunktion von Bürgermeisterinnen und Bürgermeistern und der Gemeindeverwaltung empfohlen.