bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of lossy three‐element networks with optimization efficiency
Authors: Wang Bingting , Cao Ziping , Yu Wenjuan , Li Lingchun , Zhou Changhai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLumped passive elements are usually lossy because parasitic resistances dissipate the power transferred from the source to the load; thus, this loss influences the performance of the matching network. Furthermore, the impedances that need to be matched are usually complex‐valued. In this paper, we described an optimization design method for lossy three‐element network to achieve impedance matching between complex source and load impedances. We first determined the efficiency formulas for lossy
and T networks via a generalized quality‐based equation. Next, two methods were introduced to design the lossy
and T networks with maximum efficiency. Finally, to validate the effectiveness of the designed lossy three‐element networks, we conducted a series of numerical analysis and simulations, which indicates that the designed lossy
and T networks exhibits excellent impedance matching performance at the desired frequency. For some instances, the lossy
network with three elements exhibits a higher efficiency than a multistage matching network with more elements.
Cytomorphologic and immunocytochemical diagnosis of primary hepatic angiosarcoma in a young adult: Challenging diagnosis of a rare, aggressive malignancy
Authors: Gupta Parikshaa , Singh Brijdeep , Chaluvashetty Sreedhara B. , Gupta Nalini , Kalra Naveen , Duseja Ajay , Behera Arunanshu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPrimary hepatic angiosarcoma (PHA) is a rare, rapidly growing, highly aggressive hepatic malignancy, primarily seen in elderly males. Establishing an accurate clinical diagnosis is challenging owing to its rarity and nonspecific presentation. Rendering a cytologic diagnosis of PHA is extremely difficult, and immunocytochemistry(ICC) on cell block(CB) sections is essential to confirm the diagnosis. The characteristic cytomorphologic features of PHA have rarely been documented, further augmenting the diagnostic challenge. A 32‐year‐old male presented with abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and significant weight loss over the past 9 months. On examination, the abdomen was distended, with multiple spider angiomas and a large mass in the right hypochondrium. His renal function tests, liver function tests, and serum tumor markers were within normal limits. An abdominal triphasic computerized tomography revealed a large lobulated mass in the right lobe with central necrosis. An ultrasound‐guided FNA was performed from the liver lesion. The cytologic smears showed singly scattered large, markedly pleomorphic, epithelioid‐elongated tumor cells having oval‐elongated nuclei, irregular nuclear contours, coarse chromatin, prominent macronucleoli, and abundant finely vacuolated cytoplasm in a background of blood. ICC on the CB demonstrated diffuse positivity for vimentin, CD31, and nuclear positivity for FLI‐1, confirming a vascular origin. Hence, a final cytologic diagnosis of primary hepatic angiosarcoma was rendered. The index report describes the characteristic cytomorphologic and immunocytochemical features of a rare hepatic malignancy in a young male and reiterates the usefulness of FNAC coupled with CB‐ICC in the quick and precise diagnosis of such challenging cases.
Flavone‐associated resistance of two Lemna species to duckweed weevil attack
Authors: Lee Gisuk , Choi Hanyoung , Joo Youngsung , Kim Sang‐Gyu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLemna perpusilla and Lemna minor are free‐floating plants that often live in the same habitat. However, little is known about how they differ in response to herbivore attacks. In this study, we examined the species‐specific resistance of two Lemna species to the duckweed weevil, Tanysphyrus lemnae. The female adults of T. lemnae preferred to lay eggs on L. perpusilla over L. minor. In addition, the larvae of T. lemnae performed better when fed on L. perpusilla than on L. minor. To understand the physiological basis of species‐specific resistance in the two Lemna species, we measured the amounts of jasmonic acid (JA), phytosterols, and flavonoids. Attacks by duckweed weevils increased the levels of JA in the two Lemna species, but these levels did not differ significantly between the two species. Interestingly, the levels of flavones (isoorientin, vitexin, and isovitexin) in L. minor species were higher than those in L. perpusilla. The in vitro bioassay showed that three flavones significantly decreased the survival rate of duckweed weevil larvae. Although L. perpusilla was less resistant to duckweed weevil attack compared to L. minor, L. perpusilla grew faster than L. minor regardless of the duckweed weevil attack. These results suggest that these two Lemna species have different defense strategies against the duckweed weevil.
Molecular and quantitative genetic variation within and between populations of the declining grassland species Saxifraga granulata
Authors: Walisch Tania J. , Colling Guy , Hermant Sylvie , Matthies Diethart 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFormerly common plant species are expected to be particularly susceptible to recent habitat fragmentation. We studied the population genetics of 19 recently fragmented Saxifraga granulata populations (max. distance 61 km) in Luxembourg and neighboring Germany using RAPD markers and a common garden experiment. We assessed (1) the relationships between plant fitness, quantitative genetic variation, molecular genetic variation, and population size; and (2) the relative importance of genetic drift and selection in shaping genetic variation. Molecular genetic diversity was high but did not correlate with population size, habitat conditions, or plant performance. Genetic differentiation was low (FST = 0.079 ± 0.135), and there was no isolation by distance. Longevity, clonality, and the long‐lived seed bank of S. granulata may have prevented strong genetic erosion and genetic differentiation among populations. However, genetic distinctness increased with decreasing genetic diversity indicating that random genetic drift occurred in the studied populations. Quantitative and molecular genetic variations were correlated, and their differentiation (QST vs. FST) among S. granulata populations was similar, suggesting that mainly random processes have shaped the quantitative genetic differentiation among populations. However, pairwise quantitative genetic distances increased with geographic and climatic distances, even when adjusted for molecular genetic distances, indicating diversifying selection. Our results indicate that long‐lived clonal species may be buffered at least temporarily against the negative effects of fragmentation. The relationship between quantitative genetic and geographic distance may be a more sensitive indicator of selection than QST–FST differences.
Environmental factors and stochasticity affect the fungal community structures in the water and sediments of Hulun Lake, China
Authors: Shang Yongquan , Wu Xiaoyang , Wang Xibao , Dou Huashan , Wei Qinguo , Ma Shengchao , Sun Guolei , Wang Lidong , Sha Weilai , Zhang Honghai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAquatic fungi form both morphologically and ecologically diverse communities. However, lake ecosystems are frequently overlooked as fungal habitats, despite the potentially important role of fungi in matter cycling and energy flow. Hulun Lake is a typical example of a seasonal glacial lake; however, previous studies have only focused on bacteria in this ecosystem. Therefore, in the current study, internal transcribed spacer ribosomal RNA (ITS rRNA) gene high‐throughput sequencing was used to investigate the fungal communities in paired water and sediment samples from the Hulun Lake Basin in China. A significant difference was found between the fungal communities of the two sample types. Across all samples, we identified nine phyla, 30 classes, 78 orders, 177 families, and 307 genera. The dominant phyla in the lake were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Chytridiomycota. Our results show that both water and sediments have very high connectivity, are dominated by positive interactions, and have similar interaction patterns. The fungal community structures were found to be significantly affected by environmental factors (temperature, chemical oxygen demand, electrical conductivity, total phosphorus, and pH). In addition, the dispersal limitations of the fungi affected the structure of the fungal communities, and it was revealed that stochasticity is more important than deterministic mechanisms in influencing the structure and function of fungal communities. This study provides unique theoretical support for the study of seasonally frozen lake fungal communities and a scientific basis for the future management and protection of Hulun Lake.
How to define a dolphin “group”? Need for consistency and justification based on objective criteria
Authors: Syme Jonathan , Kiszka Jeremy J. , Parra Guido J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGroup living is a critical component of the ecology of social animals such as delphinids. In many studies on these animals, groups represent sampling units that form the basis of the collection and analysis of data on their abundance, behavior, and social structure. Nevertheless, defining what constitutes a group has proven problematic. There is inconsistency in the terms and criteria used and many definitions lack biological justification. We conducted a literature review and an online expert survey to assess various terms (group, school, party, and pod), and their definitions as applied to delphinids to identify issues to ultimately make recommendations. Of 707 studies analyzed, 325 explicitly defined one or more terms, providing 344 definitions. Additionally, 192 definitions were obtained from the survey. Among these definitions, group was the most common term used (review: 286 definitions, 83.1%; survey: 69 definitions, 35.9%) and the most familiar to the survey respondents (73 respondents, 100.0%). In definitions of group, spatial proximity was the most used criterion (review: 200 definitions, 71.2%; survey: 53 definitions, 81.5%) followed by behavior (review: 176 definitions, 62.6%; survey: 38 definitions, 58.5%). The terms and criteria used to define delphinid groups vary considerably. Rather than proposing a single formal definition, we instead recommend that the term group and spatial proximity criteria be used to define sampling units of individuals observed in the field. Furthermore, we propose a process for formulating definitions that involves analyzing interindividual distances to determine naturally occurring patterns that are indicative of group membership. Although this process is based principally on the spatial proximity of individuals, it could also incorporate the behavior of group members by evaluating the influence of behavior on interindividual distances. Such a process produces definitions that are biologically meaningful and compatible across studies and populations, thus increasing our ability to draw strong conclusions about group living in delphinids.
Forager‐mediated cascading effects on food resource species diversity
Authors: Ferreira Clara Mendes , Dammhahn Melanie , Eccard Jana A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPerceived predation risk varies in space and time. Foraging in this landscape of fear alters forager‐resource interactions via cascading nonconsumptive effects. Estimating these indirect effects is difficult in natural systems. Here, we applied a novel measure to quantify the diversity at giving‐up density that allows to test how spatial variation in perceived predation risk modifies the diversity of multispecies resources at local and regional spatial levels. Furthermore, we evaluated whether the nonconsumptive effects on resource species diversity can be explained by the preferences of foragers for specific functional traits and by the forager species richness. We exposed rodents of a natural community to artificial food patches, each containing an initial multispecies resource community of eight species (10 items each) mixed in sand. We sampled 35 landscapes, each containing seven patches in a spatial array, to disentangle effects at local (patch) and landscape levels. We used vegetation height as a proxy for perceived predation risk. After a period of three nights, we counted how many and which resource species were left in each patch to measure giving‐up density and resource diversity at the local level (alpha diversity) and the regional level (gamma diversity and beta diversity). Furthermore, we used wildlife cameras to identify foragers and assess their species richness. With increasing vegetation height, i.e., decreasing perceived predation risk, giving‐up density, and local alpha and regional gamma diversity decreased, and patches became less similar within a landscape (beta diversity increased). Foragers consumed more of the bigger and most caloric resources. The higher the forager species richness, the lower the giving‐up density, and alpha and gamma diversity. Overall, spatial variation of perceived predation risk of foragers had measurable cascading effects on local and regional resource species biodiversity, independent of the forager species. Thus, nonconsumptive predation effects modify forager‐resource interactions and might act as an equalizing mechanism for species coexistence.
A curated DNA barcode reference library for parasitoids of northern European cyclically outbreaking geometrid moths
Authors: Nyman Tommi , Wutke Saskia , Koivisto Elina , Klemola Tero , Shaw Mark R. , Andersson Tommi , Haraldseide Håkon , Hagen Snorre B. , Nakadai Ryosuke , Ruohomäki Kai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLarge areas of forests are annually damaged or destroyed by outbreaking insect pests. Understanding the factors that trigger and terminate such population eruptions has become crucially important, as plants, plant‐feeding insects, and their natural enemies may respond differentially to the ongoing changes in the global climate. In northernmost Europe, climate‐driven range expansions of the geometrid mothsEpirrita autumnataandOperophtera brumatahave resulted in overlapping and increasingly severe outbreaks. Delayed density‐dependent responses of parasitoids are a plausible explanation for the 10‐year population cycles of these moth species, but the impact of parasitoids on geometrid outbreak dynamics is unclear due to a lack of knowledge on the host ranges and prevalences of parasitoids attacking the moths in nature. To overcome these problems, we reviewed the literature on parasitism in the focal geometrid species in their outbreak range and then constructed a DNA barcode reference library for all relevant parasitoid species based on reared specimens and sequences obtained from public databases. The combined recorded parasitoid community ofE. autumnataandO. brumataconsists of 32 hymenopteran species, all of which can be reliably identified based on their barcode sequences. The curated barcode library presented here opens up new opportunities for estimating the abundance and community composition of parasitoids across populations and ecosystems based on mass barcoding and metabarcoding approaches. Such information can be used for elucidating the role of parasitoids in moth population control, possibly also for devising methods for reducing the extent, intensity, and duration of outbreaks.
Voltammetric Analysis of Cadmium and Lead (Undesirable Elements) in Brine, Supported by Solid Phase Extraction – the Right Solution of the Analytical Challenge
Authors: Drwal Krzysztof , Górska Zuzanna , Bończak Patrycja , Krasnodębska‐Ostręga Beata 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe stripping voltammetry at HMDE is proposed for Cd and Pb (undesirable ingredients) determination in the natural brine (CCl>43 g L−1). Samples with so high salinity have to be significantly diluted. For ICP MS, a 105–6times dilution is required, which disqualifies this method. The proposed procedure allows to determine Cd (0.001 μg L−1) and Pb (0.005 μg L−1) after only 100 times dilution. The thermal chloride stripping or isolation by Chelex 100 increase the quality of obtained data. The recovery study was performed. The LOQs are below recommendations related to the use of brines in balneology.
Monitoring regional astrocyte diversity by cell type‐specific proteomic labeling in vivo
Authors: Prabhakar Priyadharshini , Pielot Rainer , Landgraf Peter , Wissing Josef , Bayrhammer Anne , van Ham Marco , Gundelfinger Eckart D. , Jänsch Lothar , Dieterich Daniela C. , Müller Anke 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAstrocytes exhibit regional heterogeneity in morphology, function and molecular composition to support and modulate neuronal function and signaling in a region‐specific manner. To characterize regional heterogeneity of astrocytic proteomes of different brain regions we established an inducible Aldh1l1‐methionyl‐tRNA‐synthetaseL274G (MetRSL274G) mouse line that allows astrocyte‐specific metabolic labeling of newly synthesized proteins by azidonorleucine (ANL) in vivo and subsequent isolation of tagged proteins by click chemistry. We analyzed astrocytic proteins from four different brain regions by mass spectrometry. The induced expression of MetRSL274G is restricted to astrocytes and identified proteins show a high overlap with proteins compiled in “AstroProt,” a newly established database for astrocytic proteins. Gene enrichment analysis reveals a high similarity among brain regions with subtle differences in enriched biological processes and in abundances of key astrocytic proteins for hippocampus, cortex and striatum. However, the cerebellar proteome stands out with proteins being highly associated with the calcium signaling pathway or with bipolar disorder. Subregional analysis of single astrocyte TAMRA intensities in hippocampal layers indicates distinct subregional heterogeneity of astrocytes and highlights the applicability of our toolbox to study differences of astrocytic proteomes in vivo.
Investigating the impacts of biochar on water fluxes in a rice experiment in the dry corridor of Central America, Costa Rica
Authors: Fischer Benjamin M. C. , Morillas Laura , Rojas Conejo Johanna , Sánchez‐Murillo Ricardo , Suárez Serrano Andrea , Frentress Jay , Cheng Chih‐Hsin , Garcia Monica , Manzoni Stefano , Johnson Mark S. , Lyon Steve W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAmending soils with biochar, a pyrolyzed organic material, is an emerging practice to potentially increase plant available water and reduce the risks associated with climatic variability in traditionally‐rainfed tropical agricultural systems. To investigate the impacts of biochar amendment on soil water storage relative to non‐amended soils, we performed an upland rice field experiment in a tropical seasonally dry region of Costa Rica consisting of plots with two different biochar amendments and a control plot. Across all plots, we collected hydrometric and isotopic data (δ18O and δ2H of rain, mobile soil, ground and rice xylem water). We observed that the soil water retention curves for biochar treated soils shifted, indicating that rice plants had 2% to 7% more water available throughout the growing season relative to the control plots and thus could withstand dry spells up to seven extra days. Furthermore, the isotopic composition of plant water in biochar and control treatments were rather similar, indicating that rice plants in different treatments likely consumed similar water. Hence, we observed that biochar amendments can stabilize water supplies for the rice plants; however, still supplemental irrigation was required to facilitate plant growth during extended dry periods. Ultimately, our findings indicate, that biochar amendments can complement, but not necessarily replace, other water management strategies to help reduce the threat of rainfall variability to rainfed agriculture in tropical regions.
Chirality Induced Spin Selectivity – the Photoelectron View
Authors: Möllers Paul V. , Göhler Benjamin , Zacharias Helmut 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this short overview we discuss the manifestation of the chirality‐induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect in photoelectron spectroscopy experiments with direct spin analysis. Various systems, from the initially investigated monolayers of molecular biosystems and organic hepta‐helicene to recent chirally grown solid oxide films, are evaluated. High spin polarization values of up to P=60 % have been observed for samples at room temperature. For all classes it was shown that the longitudinal spin orientation changes sign with a change of the enantiomeric form. Recent advances allow to distinguish the contributions of electrons with different kinetic energies to the electron spin polarization, and thus to distinguish the CISS effect from bulk contributions to the spin originating from different mechanisms.
The shale oil revolution and the global oil supply curve
Authors: Foroni Claudia , Stracca Livio 
Published: November 2022

SummaryWe focus on the implications of the shale oil boom for the global supply of oil. In order to derive testable implications, we introduce a simple stylized model with two producers, one facing low production costs and one higher production costs but potentially lower adjustment costs, competing à la Stackelberg. We find that the supply function is flatter for the high cost producer and that the supply function for shale oil producers becomes more responsive to demand shocks when adjustment costs decline. On the empirical side, we apply an instrumental variable approach using estimates of demand‐driven oil price changes derived from a standard structural VAR of the oil market. A main finding is that global oil supply is rather vertical, with a short‐term elasticity around 0.05. A rolling sample reveals that the shale oil boom does not appear to have fundamentally changed the contours of global oil production, but there is evidence for the oil supply curve to become more vertical in Saudi Arabia and more price responsive in the United States.
A dynamic pedicle screw system using polyethylene insert for the lumbar spine
Authors: Oshima Yasushi , Kato So , Doi Toru , Taniguchi Yuki , Matsubayashi Yoshitaka , Ohtomo Nozomu , Watanabe Kenichi , Kyomoto Masayuki , Tanaka Sakae , Moro Toru 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRigid spinal fusion with instrumentation has been widely applied in treating degenerative spinal disorders and has shown excellent and stable surgical results. However, adjacent segment pathology or implants' loosening could be problematic due to the spine's segmental fusion. Therefore, this study verified a novel concept for posterior stabilization with polyethylene inserts inside a pedicle screw assembly using bone models. We observed that although the gripping capacity of the dynamic pedicle screw system using a tensile and compression tester was less than half that of the rigid pedicle screw system, the flexion‐extension moment of the dynamic pedicle screws was significantly lower than that of the rigid pedicle screws. Furthermore, while the bending force of the rigid pedicle screw assembly increased linearly with an increase in the bending angle throughout the test, that of the dynamic pedicle screw assembly also increased linearly until a bending angle of 2.5° was reached. However, this angle decreased at a bending angle of more than 2.5°. Additionally, the fatigue test of 1.0 × 106 cycles showed that the pull‐out force of the dynamic pedicle screws from two different polyurethane foam blocks was significantly higher than that of the rigid pedicle screws. Therefore, based on our results, we propose that the device can be applied in clinical cases to reduce screw loosening and adjacent segment pathology.