bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SU16f inhibits fibrotic scar formation and facilitates axon regeneration and locomotor function recovery after spinal cord injury by blocking the PDGFRβ pathway
Authors: Li Ziyu , Yu Shuisheng , Liu Yanchang , Hu Xuyang , Li Yiteng , Xiao Zhaoming , Chen Yihao , Tian Dasheng , Xu Xinzhong , Cheng Li , Zheng Meige , Jing Juehua 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Excessively deposited fibrotic scar after spinal cord injury (SCI) inhibits axon regeneration. It has been reported that platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ), as a marker of fibrotic scar-forming fibroblasts, can only be activated by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) B or PDGFD. However, whether the activation of the PDGFRβ pathway can mediate fibrotic scar formation after SCI remains unclear.

Methods
A spinal cord compression injury mouse model was used. In situ injection of exogenous PDGFB or PDGFD in the spinal cord was used to specifically activate the PDGFRβ pathway in the uninjured spinal cord, while intrathecal injection of SU16f was used to specifically block the PDGFRβ pathway in the uninjured or injured spinal cord. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to explore the distributions and cell sources of PDGFB and PDGFD, and to evaluate astrocytic scar, fibrotic scar, inflammatory cells and axon regeneration after SCI. Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) and footprint analysis were performed to evaluate locomotor function recovery after SCI.

Results
We found that the expression of PDGFD and PDGFB increased successively after SCI, and PDGFB was mainly secreted by astrocytes, while PDGFD was mainly secreted by macrophages/microglia and fibroblasts. In addition, in situ injection of exogenous PDGFB or PDGFD can lead to fibrosis in the uninjured spinal cord, while this profibrotic effect could be specifically blocked by the PDGFRβ inhibitor SU16f. We then treated the mice after SCI with SU16f and found the reduction of fibrotic scar, the interruption of scar boundary and the inhibition of lesion and inflammation, which promoted axon regeneration and locomotor function recovery after SCI.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates that activation of PDGFRβ pathway can directly induce fibrotic scar formation, and specific blocking of this pathway would contribute to the treatment of SCI.
Evaluation of the electronic Early Warning and Response Network (EWARN) system in Somalia, 2017–2020
Authors: Lubogo Mutaawe , Karanja Mary Joan , Mdodo Rennatus , Elnossery Sherein , Osman Ali Abdirahman , Abdi Abdulkadir , Buliva Evans , Tayyab Muhammad , Omar Omar Abdulle , Ahmed Mirza Mashrur , Abera Solomon Chane , Abubakar Abdinasir , Malik Sk Md Mamunur Rahman 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
In 2008, Somalia introduced an electronic based Early Warning Alert and Response Network (EWARN) for real time detection and response to alerts of epidemic prone diseases in a country experiencing a complex humanitarian situation. EWARN was deactivated between 2008 to 2016 due to civil conflict and reactivated in 2017 during severe drought during a cholera outbreak. We present an assessment of the performance of the EWARN in Somalia from January 2017 to December 2020, reflections on the successes and failures, and provide future perspectives for enhancement of the EWARN to effectively support an Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response strategy.

Methods
We described geographical coverage of the EWARN, system attributes, which included; sensitivity, flexibility, timeliness, data quality (measured by completeness), and positive predictive value (PPV). We tested for trends of timeliness of submission of epidemiological reports across the years using the Cochran-Mantel–Haenszel stratified test of association.

Results
By December 2020, all 6 states and the Banadir Administrative Region were implementing EWARN. In 2017, only 24.6% of the records were submitted on time, but by 2020, 96.8% of the reports were timely (p < 0.001). Completeness averaged < 60% in all the 4 years, with the worst-performing year being 2017. Overall, PPV was 14.1%. Over time, PPV improved from 7.1% in 2017 to 15.4% in 2019 but declined to 9.7% in 2020. Alert verification improved from 2.0% in 2017 to 52.6% by 2020, (p < 0.001). In 2020, EWARN was enhanced to facilitate COVID-19 reporting demonstrating its flexibility to accommodate the integration of reportable diseases.

Conclusions
During the past 4 years of implementing EWARN in Somalia, the system has improved significantly in timeliness, disease alerts verification, and flexibility in responding to emerging disease outbreaks, and enhanced coverage. However, the system is not yet optimal due to incompleteness and lack of integration with other systems suggesting the need to build additional capacity for improved disease surveillance coverage, buttressed by system improvements to enhance data quality and integration.
Glucose metabolism and AD: evidence for a potential diabetes type 3
Authors: González Andrea , Calfío Camila , Churruca Macarena , Maccioni Ricardo B. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Alzheimer’s disease is the most prevalent cause of dementia in the elderly. Neuronal death and synaptic dysfunctions are considered the main hallmarks of this disease. The latter could be directly associated to an impaired metabolism. In particular, glucose metabolism impairment has demonstrated to be a key regulatory element in the onset and progression of AD, which is why nowadays AD is considered the type 3 diabetes.

Methods
We provide a thread regarding the influence of glucose metabolism in AD from three different perspectives: (i) as a regulator of the energy source, (ii) through several metabolic alterations, such as insulin resistance, that modify peripheral signaling pathways that influence activation of the immune system (e.g., insulin resistance, diabetes, etc.), and (iii) as modulators of various key post-translational modifications for protein aggregation, for example, influence on tau hyperphosphorylation and other important modifications, which determine its self-aggregating behavior and hence Alzheimer’s pathogenesis.

Conclusions
In this revision, we observed a 3 edge-action in which glucose metabolism impairment is acting in the progression of AD: as blockade of energy source (e.g., mitochondrial dysfunction), through metabolic dysregulation and post-translational modifications in key proteins, such as tau. Therefore, the latter would sustain the current hypothesis that AD is, in fact, the novel diabetes type 3.
Pathological features of tissues and cell populations during cancer cachexia
Authors: Di Girolamo Daniela , Tajbakhsh Shahragim 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCancers remain among the most devastating diseases in the human population in spite of considerable advances in limiting their impact on lifespan and healthspan. The multifactorial nature of cancers, as well as the number of tissues and organs that are affected, have exposed a considerable diversity in mechanistic features that are reflected in the wide array of therapeutic strategies that have been adopted. Cachexia is manifested in a number of diseases ranging from cancers to diabetes and ageing. In the context of cancers, a majority of patients experience cachexia and succumb to death due to the indirect effects of tumorigenesis that drain the energy reserves of different organs. Considerable information is available on the pathophysiological features of cancer cachexia, however limited knowledge has been acquired on the resident stem cell populations, and their function in the context of these diseases. Here we review current knowledge on cancer cachexia and focus on how tissues and their resident stem and progenitor cell populations are individually affected.
When inflammation meets lung development—an update on the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Holzfurtner Lena , Shahzad Tayyab , Dong Ying , Rekers Lisa , Selting Ariane , Staude Birte , Lauer Tina , Schmidt Annesuse , Rivetti Stefano , Zimmer Klaus-Peter , Behnke Judith , Bellusci Saverio , Ehrhardt Harald 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEven more than 50 years after its initial description, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains one of the most important and lifelong sequelae following premature birth. Tremendous efforts have been undertaken since then to reduce this ever-increasing disease burden but a therapeutic breakthrough preventing BPD is still not in sight. The inflammatory response provoked in the immature lung is a key driver of distorted lung development and impacts the formation of alveolar, mesenchymal, and vascular structures during a particularly vulnerable time-period. During the last 5 years, new scientific insights have led to an improved pathomechanistic understanding of BPD origins and disease drivers. Within the framework of current scientific progress, concepts involving disruption of the balance of key inflammatory and lung growth promoting pathways by various stimuli, take center stage. Still today, the number of efficient therapeutics available to prevent BPD is limited to a few, well-established pharmacological interventions including postnatal corticosteroids, early caffeine administration, and vitamin A. Recent advances in the clinical care of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) have led to improvements in survival without a consistent reduction in the incidence of BPD. Our update provides latest insights from both preclinical models and clinical cohort studies and describes novel approaches to prevent BPD.
Tiebout sorting with progressive income taxation and a fiscal equalization scheme
Authors: Kuhlmey Florian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper develops a model of Tiebout sorting with decentrally determined progressive income taxation and a built-in fiscal equalization scheme that redistributes money from richer to poorer regions. Both aspects are central to policy makers: the progressivity for equity reasons and the fiscal equalization to prevent an underprovision of the publicly provided good and to limit the degree of segregation of households according to income. The model is calibrated to the metropolitan area of Zurich (Switzerland), and policy evaluations reveal that a progressive tax scheme as the basis for decentrally determined tax rates causes strong segregating forces that can only to some extent be compensated by the fiscal equalization scheme.
Systemic resistance induction of tomato plants against tomato mosaic virus by microalgae
Authors: Elsharkawy Mohsen Mohamed , El-Okkiah Samira , Elsadany Abdelgawad Youssef , Bedier Mona Youssef , Omara Reda Ibrahim , Behiry Said I. , Hassan Sabry , Abdelkhalek Ahmed 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) is a dangerous disease of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) that reduces dramatically the yield. To reduce ToMV infection, microalgal isolates were utilized. Microalgal species (Chlorella vulgaris, Anabaena oryzae, Spirulina platensis, Nostoc linckia and Dunaliella salina) were shown to be responsible for the stimulation of tomato resistance against ToMV.

Results
Initial signs of discoloration and mosaic in ToMV-inoculated plants were detected and identified on inoculated leaves at 6 and 12 dpi in control and treated plants, respectively, suggesting that microalgae may inhibit ToMV growth. Treatment with microalgae resulted in a significant decrease in symptoms (up to 63% reduction in disease severity) and negative ELISA readings, indicating that the microalgae induced resistance in tomato against ToMV infection. The isolates also enhanced the activity of pathogenesis-related enzymes (PPO and POX reaching to 0.033 and 0.054 in D. salina, respectively), as well as tomato growth characters in comparison with the control. Microalgal treatments demonstrated that the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) pathways were involved in tomato plant defense responses. The relative gene expressions of PR1 and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), which are involved in the SA and JA pathways, respectively, were improved in treated plants compared to the control.

Conclusion
The findings indicated that algal-induced ToMV resistance was mediated via several defense pathways in tomato. The antiviral mechanism was described, which provides a light on the potential of algae in plant viral disease management.
Prevalence and patterns of chromosomal abnormalities among Egyptian patients with infertility: a single institution’s 5-year experience
Authors: El-Dahtory Faeza , Yahia Sohier , Rasheed Rabab Ahmed , Wahba Yahya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Chromosomal abnormalities represent an important cause of human infertility. Little is known about the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities among Egyptian couples with infertility. We estimated the cytogenetic profiles and semen analysis patterns among infertile couples. We analyzed data from medical archives of 2150 patients with infertility in Mansoura University Children’s Hospital, Egypt from 2015 to 2019. The data included karyotypes and semen analysis reports.

Results
Chromosomal abnormalities were reported in 13.5% of infertile patients (290/2150); 150 out of 1290 (11.62%) males and 140 out of 860 (16.28%) females. Within the infertile males, the numerical chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 134/1290 (10.38%) males, and structural abnormalities were found in 16/1290 (1.24%) males. Within the infertile females, numerical sex chromosome abnormalities were detected in 75/860 (8.72%) females, structural sex chromosome abnormalities were found in 31/860 (3.6%) females, mosaicism of the sex chromosome was found in 22/860 (2.56%) females, and male pseudohermaphrodites were detected in 12/860 (1.39%) females.

Conclusions
Numerical chromosomal aberrations are the most frequent patterns among infertile couples. Attention should be paid to the traditional chromosomal analysis as an important diagnostic step in the infertility work-up.
Unusual case of skull base adenoid cystic carcinoma presenting as skull base osteomyelitis: case report
Authors: Shetty Sachin P. , Mettu Bala Seshank Akshit Reddy , Das Sudha Kiran , Hiremath Rudresh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare malignancy. Tumours of palatal region with minor salivary gland origin do not generally present at an early stage as the tumour is submucosal with symptoms prevalent only when there is evidence of perineural spread of the tumour. We report a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the palate with rare presentation of left ear discharge and diplopia on left lateral gaze. We discuss the case with emphasis on imaging evaluation mimicking a case of infective etiology with adjacent skull base osteomyelitis on initial presentation. However, on follow-up and further evaluation the patient was diagnosed as adenoid cystic carcinoma of hard palate on left side.Case presentationA 25-year-old male patient has presented to Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Hospital in August 2019 with complaints of left ear discharge and diplopia on left lateral gaze since 1 week. The clinical and imaging findings was suggestive of infective etiology and the patient was treated for the same with IV antibiotics. Repeat magnetic resonance imaging was then done which revealed definitive reduction in the severity of inflammation suggestive of response to therapy. Patient was then discharged and was followed up. Three months later, the patient came with complaints of mass in left nasal cavity. Patient was then referred for contrast enhanced computed tomography neck strongly suggestive of neoplastic etiology. The patient was then operated and histopathological examination of the biopsy revealed adenoid cystic carcinoma.ConclusionsTumours of palatal region with minor salivary gland origin do not generally present at an early stage as the tumour is submucosal with symptoms prevalent only when there is evidence of perineural spread of the tumour. In our case patient presented with lateral rectus palsy, involvement of meckel’s cave, trigeminal nerve involvement and cavernous sinus involvement which are strong indicators of the perineural and locoregional spread of the tumour. Hence, it is important for the radiologist and clinician to strongly suspect and evaluate for a primary lesion of the head and neck when such a radiological presentation has been demonstrated.
Yang cycle enzyme DEP1: its moonlighting functions in PSI and ROS production during leaf senescence
Authors: Wang Chu-Kun , Li Xiu-Ming , Dong Fang , Sun Cui-Hui , Lu Wen-Li , Hu Da-Gang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEthylene-mediated leaf senescence and the compromise of photosynthesis are closely associated but the underlying molecular mechanism is a mystery. Here we reported that apple DEHYDRATASE-ENOLASE-PHOSPHATASE-COMPLEX1 (MdDEP1), initially characterized to its enzymatic function in the recycling of the ethylene precursor SAM, plays a role in the regulation of photosystem I (PSI) activity, activating reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, and negatively regulating the leaf senescence. A series of Y2H, Pull-down, CO-IP and Cell-free degradation biochemical assays showed that MdDEP1 directly interacts with and dephosphorylates the nucleus-encoded thylakoid protein MdY3IP1, leading to the destabilization of MdY3IP1, reduction of the PSI activity, and the overproduction of ROS in plant cells. These findings elucidate a novel mechanism that the two pathways intersect at MdDEP1 due to its moonlighting role in destabilizing MdY3IP1, and synchronize ethylene-mediated leaf senescence and the compromise of photosynthesis.
The Relationship of Falls With Achieved 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels From Vitamin D Supplementation: The STURDY Trial
Authors: Michos Erin D , Kalyani Rita R , Blackford Amanda L , Sternberg Alice L , Mitchell Christine M , Juraschek Stephen P , Schrack Jennifer A , Wanigatunga Amal A , Roth David L , Christenson Robert H , Miller Edgar R , Appel Lawrence J 
Published: April 2022

AbstractContextThe Study to Understand Fall Reduction and Vitamin D in You (STURDY), a randomized trial enrolling older adults with low 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], demonstrated vitamin D supplementation ≥ 1000 IU/day did not prevent falls compared with 200 IU/day, with doses ≥ 2000 IU/day potentially showing safety concerns.ObjectiveTo examine associations of achieved and change in 25(OH)D concentrations after 3 months of vitamin D supplementation with fall risk.DesignObservational analysis of trial data.SettingGeneral community.ParticipantsA total of 637 adults aged ≥ 70 with baseline 25(OH)D concentrations 10 to 29 ng/mL and elevated fall risk. Three-month on-treatment absolute 25(OH)D; absolute and relative changes from baseline.Main Outcome MeasuresIncident first fall (primary) and first consequential fall (injury or sought medical care) up to 24 months. Cox models were adjusted for sociodemographics, season, Short Physical Performance Battery, and body mass index.ResultsAt baseline, mean (SD) age was 77.1 (5.4) years and 25(OH)D was 22.1 (5.1) ng/mL; 43.0% were women and 21.5% non-White. A total of 395 participants experienced ≥ 1 fall; 294 experienced ≥ 1 consequential fall. There was no association between absolute achieved 25(OH)D and incident first fall (30-39 vs &lt; 30 ng/mL hazard ratio [HR], 0.93; 95% CI, 0.74-1.16; ≥40 vs &lt; 30 ng/mL HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.82-1.46; adjusted overall P = 0.67), nor absolute or relative change in 25(OH)D. For incident consequential first fall, the HR (95% CI) comparing absolute 25(OH)D ≥ 40 vs &lt; 30 ng/mL was 1.38 (0.99-1.90).ConclusionAchieved 25(OH)D concentration after supplementation was not associated with reduction in falls. Risk of consequential falls may be increased with achieved concentrations ≥ 40 ng/mL.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02166333
Women’s views and experiences of augmentation of labour with synthetic oxytocin infusion. A protocol for a qualitative evidence synthesis.
Authors: Alòs-Pereñíguez Silvia , O'Malley Deirdre , Daly Deirdre 
Published: April 2022

Background: Augmentation of labour (AOL) is the most common intervention to treat labour dystocia. Previous research reported extensive disparities in AOL rates across countries and institutions. Despite its widespread use, women’s views on and experiences of intrapartum augmentation with infused synthetic oxytocin are limited. Methods: A qualitative evidence synthesis on women’s views and experiences of AOL with synthetic oxytocin after spontaneous onset of labour will be conducted. Qualitative studies and studies employing a mixed methods design, where qualitative data can be extracted separately, will be included, as will surveys with open-ended questions that provide qualitative data. A systematic search will be performed of the databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Maternity and Infant Care and Web of Science Core Collection from the date of inception. The methodological quality of included studies will be assessed using the Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre’s appraisal tool. A three-stage approach, coding of data from primary studies, development of descriptive themes and generation of analytical themes, will be used to synthesise findings. Confidence in findings will be established by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation-Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research. Discussion: This qualitative evidence synthesis may provide valuable information on women’s experiences of AOL and contribute to a review of clinical practice guidelines for maternity care providers. PROSPERO registration: CRD42021285252 (14/11/2021)
PENGGUNAAN WEBSITE QUIZIZZ UNTUK MENGEVALUASI HASIL BELAJAR CALON GURU SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Maulyda Mohammad Archi , Rosyidah Awal Nur Khalifatur , Apsari Ratih Ayu , Utama FR Aeko Fria , Witono A Hari 
Published: April 2022

Pandemi Covid-19 memiliki dampak yang cukup berarti di dunia pendidikan Indonesia saat ini. Siswa baik dari tingkat usia dini hingga tinggi (universitas) harus mengalami perubahan dalam sistem dan model pembelajaran. Tuntutan perubahan tidak hanya dirasakan oleh siswa namun juga oleh guru. Guru harus memenuhi tuntutan pembelajaran jarak jauh. Hal in juga berimbas pada penggunaan sarana yang tepat dalam mengevaluasi hasil belajar siswa. Website Quizizz menjadi salah satu sarana guru dalam melakukan evaluasi. Meskipun begitu, belum diketahui apakah Quizizz merupakan sarana yang tepat untuk melakukan evaluasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemanfaatan Quizizz sebagai sarana evaluasi. Metode penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan desain eksperimen semu. Terdapat kelas kontrol dan eksperimen yang masing-masing memiliki sampel sebanyak 37 mahasiswa PGSD. Data didapatkan dalam bentuk skor hasil tes yang akan dianalisis menggunakan independent t-testÂ untuk mengetahui apakah kedua kelompok data memiliki perbedaan rata-rata yang signifikan atau tidak. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan rata-rata yang signifikan antara kelas eksperimen dan kontrol. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan website Quizizz kurang efektif sebagai sarana evaluasi hasil belajar.