bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Structural Tones in Establishing Mode in Renaissance Counterpoint
Authors: Arthur Claire , Cumming Julie E. , Schubert Peter 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The authors present a corpus analysis of a set of forty-four Renaissance contrapuntal duos with the aim of testing the theoretical assumption that melodic leaps, outlines, and perfect vertical intervals will be used in a way that highlights the principal interval species of a mode. Using counts of “structural tones” or “structural intervals” in isolation, the authors evaluated their potential to predict the mode of a piece using statistical modeling as well as behavioral experiments with early music experts. The authors found that both pitch-class distribution and perfect vertical intervals can be used to provide a decent estimate of mode family in Renaissance duos and that distinguishing between authentic and plagal modes with the same final is very difficult to do, even when experts consider the whole score.
Evidence-based recommendations for communicating the impacts of climate change on health
Authors: Peters Ellen , Boyd Patrick , Cameron Linda D , Contractor Noshir , Diefenbach Michael A , Fleszar-Pavlovic Sara , Markowitz Ezra , Salas Renee N , Stephens Keri K 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Climate change poses a multifaceted, complex, and existential threat to human health and well-being, but efforts to communicate these threats to the public lag behind what we know how to do in communication research. Effective communication about climate change’s health risks can improve a wide variety of individual and population health-related outcomes by: (1) helping people better make the connection between climate change and health risks and (2) empowering them to act on that newfound knowledge and understanding. The aim of this manuscript is to highlight communication methods that have received empirical support for improving knowledge uptake and/or driving higher-quality decision making and healthier behaviors and to recommend how to apply them at the intersection of climate change and health. This expert consensus about effective communication methods can be used by healthcare professionals, decision makers, governments, the general public, and other stakeholders including sectors outside of health. In particular, we argue for the use of 11 theory-based, evidence-supported communication strategies and practices. These methods range from leveraging social networks to making careful choices about the use of language, narratives, emotions, visual images, and statistics. Message testing with appropriate groups is also key. When implemented properly, these approaches are likely to improve the outcomes of climate change and health communication efforts.
Climate change, behavior change and health: a multidisciplinary, translational and multilevel perspective
Authors: Edmondson Donald , Conroy David , Romero-Canyas Rainer , Tanenbaum Molly , Czajkowski Susan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The climate crisis provides a critical new lens through which health and health behaviors need to be viewed. This paper has three goals. First, it provides background on the climate crisis, the role of human behavior in creating this crisis, and the health impacts of climate change. Second, it proposes a multilevel, translational approach to investigating health behavior change in the context of the climate crisis. Third, it identifies specific challenges and opportunities for increasing the rigor of behavioral medicine research in the context of the climate crisis. The paper closes with a call for behavioral medicine to be responsive to the climate crisis.
The Detriment of Salicylic Acid to the Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola Proteome
Authors: Cooper Bret 
Published: May 2022

Salicylic acid (SA), a natural product, is the major hormonal regulator of the plant immune system. SA also has antibacterial activity that is not completely elucidated. To gain a better understanding of this, Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola, a bacterial pathogen of beans, was exposed to sub-inhibitory amounts of SA and was then examined using quantitative mass spectrometry. Among the 2,185 proteins quantified, there were pronounced increases in p-hydroxybenzoic acid efflux pumps and multidrug efflux pumps. By contrast there were significant decreases in porin proteins, high-osmolarity response proteins, and protein components of the type VI secretion system. In addition, there were alterations in enzymes likely affecting the production of alginate, which is needed for infection. Furthermore, there was a decrease in an enzyme needed to detoxify methylglyoxal. Assays confirmed a reduction in alginate production and an increase in cellular methylglyoxal concentrations after SA treatment. Culture assays demonstrated that SA altered bacterial growth curves more so than other hydroxylated benzoic acid isomers. These data reveal that SA is antibiotic and that P. savastanoi pv. phaseolicola significantly alters its proteome in response to SA in vitro. Similar alterations to the bacterial proteome occur in beans during an immune reaction when SA increases at the site of infection. Thus, in beans, SA likely deters bacterial infection by adversely altering the bacterial proteome. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 “No Rights Reserved” license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2022.
The Learning Curve of an Absorbable Subcuticular Stapling Device in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Singhal Shaani , Taylor Kim O. , Bloom Richard 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Learning curves can reflect a surgical trainee’s rate of progress and competence in acquiring new skills. The INSORB subdermal staple device has been well established to facilitate decreased closure time across various surgical procedures, with similar cosmesis, healing, and consistency as those of standard subdermal sutures. This study is unique, as it demonstrated an observable learning curve with this device when used by a junior surgeon.

Methods:
Sixty-six patients underwent a cosmetic procedure during the second half of 2019 under the care of a single plastic surgeon in Melbourne, Australia. This corresponded to 254 unique linear incisions. Subdermal closure was done either with interrupted 3-0 Monocryl sutures or with the INSORB device. The consultant closed the incisions on one side, with the contralateral incision closed by the assistant using the same closure method. Data were then compared retrospectively, and closure times were compared over the ensuing 6 months.

Results:
Overall, consultant closure speed is 25% faster than assistant speed. When using 3-0 Monocryl, the difference is 33%, whereas the difference is reduced to 21% when using the INSORB. Furthermore, a mild learning curve could be appreciated with the assistant’s use of the INSORB over the comparatively short 6-month study period.

Conclusions:
In addition to improved speed, cost, outcome, and ergonomics, subdermal absorbable staples may also garner a faster learning curve than standard closure with 3-0 Monocryl. This study supported the learning curve of a surgical device as another innovative benefit and an important aspect of developing surgical technology.
Management of Contralateral Breast and Axillary Nodes Silicone Migration after Implant Rupture
Authors: Elahi Leslie , Meuwly Marie-Garance , Meuwly Jean-Yves , Raffoul Wassim , Koch Natalie 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Silicone implants were developed in 1962 for breast augmentation and became essential in reconstruction after mastectomy. Silicone “bleeding” has been described from both ruptured and intact implants and can induce disseminated granulomatosis due to the component's high fat solubility. If not adequately treated, they can lead to disastrous cosmetic and functional consequences. Because they may mimic malignancy, prompt and reliable diagnosis should be made as early as possible.

Methods:
We present a clinical case description of multiple intraparenchymal and ipsi/contralateral intraganglionic siliconomas in a woman who had undergone breast reconstruction, and a literature review of the pathophysiology of siliconomas and their diagnosis and management.

Results:
Silicone migration to the contralateral breast and lymph node is rare and has seldom been described. The mechanism is still debated. Excluding malignancy is a priority, and systematic management must be respected to avoid misdiagnosis or unnecessary investigations.

Conclusions:
A multidisciplinary approach is essential for siliconoma management. Silicone-related lymphadenopathies do not require follow-up or special treatment unless they interfere with the diagnosis of tumor recurrence. Careful observation is sufficient for asymptomatic siliconomas; however, symptomatic ones should be treated depending on skin involvement and the patient's eligibility for intervention.
Nationwide Trends in Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomies: An Analysis of 55,060 Unilateral Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Shaheen Mohammed S. , Momeni Arash 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The effects of recent initiatives to better educate unilateral breast cancer (UBC) patients about contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) have not been fully examined. The purpose of this study was to update and examine recent annual CPM trends by evaluating 2015–2020 data from a large administrative claims database. We also sought to determine if there were any variations in trends among different age groups and reconstructive modalities.

Methods:
Patients diagnosed with UBC between 2015 and 2019 were identified in Optum Clinformatics DataMart. Patients were then categorized by age group, whether they underwent CPM, whether they underwent breast reconstruction (BR), timing of any BR (immediate or delayed), and type of BR (implant-based or autologous).

Results:
Of 55,060 patients who were diagnosed with UBC, 2625 (4.8%) underwent CPM. After a slight decline from 2015 to 2016, the CPM rate among UBC patients increased significantly from 3.4% in 2016 to 6.8% in 2019. Although this upward trend remained consistent across all age groups examined, younger UBC patients represented a significantly higher and faster growing percentage of those undergoing CPM. BR rates among those who underwent CPM also increased between 2015 and 2019, with implant-based and immediate BR becoming more heavily favored over autologous and delayed BR.

Conclusions:
CPM rates continued to rise between 2016 and 2019 and younger women represented a substantially higher and faster growing percentage of UBC patients undergoing CPM than older women. In addition, implant-based and immediate BR are becoming more heavily favored over autologous and delayed BR.
Analysis of ICNIRP 2020 Basic Restrictions for Localized Radiofrequency Exposure in the Frequency Range above 6 GHz
Authors: Lemay Eric , Gajda Gregory B. , McGarr Gregory W. , Zhuk Mykola , Paradis Jonathan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
ICNIRP 2020 guidelines have defined a practical temperature elevation threshold for human health effects, namely the operational adverse health effect threshold that forms the basis of the absorbed power and energy density basic restrictions. These basic restrictions for localized exposures at frequencies above 6 GHz were evaluated by comparing numerically computed temperature rise against the target temperature rise of 2.5 oC, which is the operational adverse health effect threshold divided by the occupational safety factor of 2. The numerical model employs the maximum absorbed power and energy density levels allowed by the occupational basic restriction for both pulsed and continuous wave exposures. These analyses were performed considering 3- and 4-tissue layer models and a variety of beam diameters, frequencies, and exposure durations. The smallest beam diameters were based on a study of theoretically achievable beam widths from half-wave resonant dipoles and show the impact of the averaging area on the computed temperature elevation. The results demonstrated that ICNIRP’s assumed occupational safety factors in the frequency range above 6 GHz were not sufficiently maintained for all exposure scenarios and particularly for short pulse exposures at frequencies of 30 GHz or higher with small beam diameters. Worst-case tissue temperature elevations were estimated to be as much as 3.6 times higher than ICNIRP’s target temperature increases. Consequently, the authors suggest a small modification in the application of the ICNIRP 2020 localized basic restrictions, thereby limiting the worst-case tissue temperature increases to 1.4 times the target value.
Correction of accommodative esotropia using hyperopic implantable collamer lenses
Authors: Gonzalez-Lubcke Eduardo , Navas Alejandro , Graue-Hernandez Enrique O. , Ramirez-Miranda Arturo , Gomez-Bastar Arturo 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
To report a case of accommodative esotropia and high hyperopia managed with the Visian implantable collamer lens (ICL) phakic intraocular lens.

Patient and Clinical Findings:
The patient is a 21-year-old man with cycloplegic refraction of +7.50 −2.00 × 180 in both eyes. In addition, he presented a 30 prism diopters (PD) esotropia for both distance and near, which improved to 5 PD wearing his full cycloplegic prescription.

Diagnosis, Intervention, and Outcomes:
A patient with high hyperopia and accommodative esotropia with unchanged ocular alignment along with stable cycloplegic refraction for 2 years underwent bilateral ICL implantation. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed during the 12-month follow-up. The manifest refraction improved to +0.75 −0.75 × 180 postoperatively in the right eye and to +0.25 −0.50 × 180 in the left eye. No eyes lost lines of visual acuity. The esotropia improved to 5 PD at both distance and near without the need for spectacles.

Conclusions:
Hyperopic ICL implantation for accommodative esotropia may be considered a viable option to achieve spectacle independence and maintain proper eye alignment.
Automated Spontaneity Assessment after Smile Reanimation: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Dusseldorp Joseph R. , Guarin Diego L. , van Veen Martinus M. , Miller Matt , Jowett Nate , Hadlock Tessa A. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Recreation of a spontaneous, emotional smile remains a paramount goal of smile reanimation surgery. However, optimal techniques to reliably restore spontaneity remain unknown. Dual automated machine-learning tools were used to develop an objective tool to analyze spontaneous smiling. The feasibility of this tool was tested in a sample of functional free muscle transfers.

Methods:
Validated humorous videos were used to elicit spontaneous smiles. Automated facial landmark recognition (Emotrics) and emotion detection software (Affdex) were used to analyze video clips of spontaneous smiling in nine normal subjects and 39 facial reanimation cases. Emotionality quotient was used to quantify the ability of spontaneous smiles to express joy.

Results:
The software could analyze spontaneous smiling in all subjects. Spontaneous smiles of normal subjects exhibited median 100 percent joy and 0 percent negative emotion (emotional quotient score, +100/0). Spontaneous smiles of facial palsy patients after smile reanimation, using cross-facial nerve graft, masseteric nerve, and dual innervation, yielded median emotional quotient scores of +82/0, 0/−48, and +10/−24 respectively (joy, p = 0.006; negative emotion, p = 0.034).

Conclusions:
Computer vision software can objectively quantify spontaneous smiling outcomes. Of the retrospective sample of cases reviewed in this study, cross-facial nerve graft–innervated gracilis functional free muscle transfer achieved a greater degree of emotionality during spontaneous smiling than masseteric or dually innervated transfer. Quantification of spontaneous smiling from standard video clips could facilitate future, blinded, multicenter trials with sufficient long-term follow-up to definitively establish the rates of spontaneity from a range of reanimation procedures.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Diagnostic, IV.
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis and COVID-19
Authors: İnce Burak , Bektaş Murat , Koca Nevzat , Ağargün Besim Fazıl , Zarali Sibel , Güzey Damla Yenersu , Durak Görkem , Yalçinkaya Yasemin , Artim-Esen Bahar , Gül Ahmet , İnanç Murat 
Published: May 2022

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate incidence rates, prognoses, and disease-related factors associated with poor outcomes in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) who had coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

Methods
Patients with AAV were questioned for a history of COVID-19 in the outpatient setting. Cumulative clinical findings and treatment history were obtained from the patients' medical records. The clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings of inpatients with COVID-19 were recorded. The data of patients who developed symptomatic COVID-19 and/or died of the disease were used for comparison.

Results
Eighty-nine patients (47.2% female; mean age, 56 ± 12.5 years) were included. The diagnosis was granulomatosis with polyangiitis in 56 patients (62.9%) and microscopic polyangiitis in 33 (37.1%). Sixty-one (68.2%) and 21 patients (23.6%) had renal and peripheral nerve involvement, respectively. Ten patients had a history of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Fifteen patients (16.9%) had COVID-19, including 9 (60%) with severe pneumonia. Twelve patients (85.7%) were hospitalized, 6 (42.9%) were admitted to the intensive care unit, and 5 (35.7%) died. All deceased patients had hypogammaglobulinemia (IgG levels <700 mg/dL) during hospital admission. Symptomatic COVID-19 was associated with higher disease activity, glucocorticoid and rituximab treatments, and glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min. A history of peripheral nerve involvement, higher organ damage scores, and hypogammaglobulinemia was associated with mortality.

Conclusions
The prognosis was poor in our patients with AAV who had COVID-19, especially those with severe multisystem involvement. Hypogammaglobulinemia was associated with mortality. Serum IgG level monitoring in patients with AAV would be beneficial during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Clinical and Serological Features in Latin American IgG4-Related Disease Patients Differ According to Sex, Ethnicity, and Clinical Phenotype
Authors: Martín-Nares Eduardo , Baenas Diego Federico , Cuellar Gutiérrez María Carolina , Hernández-Molina Gabriela , Ortiz Alberto Christian , Neira Oscar , Gutiérrez Miguel A. , Calvo Romina , Saad Emanuel José , Elgueta Pinochet Sergio , Gallo Jesica , Herrera Moya Alejandra , Mansilla Aravena Bellanides Agustina , Crespo Espíndola María Elena , Cairoli Ernesto , Bertoli Ana María , Córdoba Mercedes , Wurmann Kiblisky Pamela , Basualdo Arancibia Washington Javier , Badilla Piñeiro María Natalia , Gobbi Carla Andrea , Berbotto Guillermo Ariel , Pisoni Cecilia N. , Juárez Vicente , Cosatti Micaela Ana , Aste Nora María , Airoldi Carla , Llanos Carolina , Vergara Melian Cristian Fabián , Erlij Opazo Daniel , Goecke Annelise , Pastenes Montaño Paula Andrea , Tate Patricio , Pirola Juan Pablo , Stange Núñez Lilith , Burgos Paula I. , Mezzano Robinson María Verónica , Michalland H. Susana , Silva Labra Francisco , Labarca Solar Cristián Humberto , Lencina María Verónica , Izquierdo Loaiza Jorge Hernán , Del Castillo Gil David Julián , Caeiro Francisco , Paira Sergio 
Published: May 2022

Background/Objective
Data on IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) come almost exclusively from cohorts from Asia, Europe, and North America. We conducted this study to describe the clinical presentation, phenotype distribution, and association with sex, ethnicity, and serological markers in a large cohort of Latin American patients with IgG4-RD.

Methods
We performed a multicenter medical records review study including 184 Latin American IgG4-RD patients. We assigned patients to clinical phenotypes: group 1 (pancreato-hepato-biliary), group 2 (retroperitoneal/aortic), group 3 (head and neck–limited), group 4 (Mikulicz/systemic), and group 5 (undefined). We focused the analysis on how sex, ethnicity, and clinical phenotype may influence the clinical and serological presentation.

Results
The mean age was 50.8 ± 15 years. Men and women were equally affected (52.2% vs 48.8%). Fifty-four patients (29.3%) were assigned to group 1, 21 (11.4%) to group 2, 57 (30.9%) to group 3, 32 (17.4%) to group 4, and 20 (10.8%) to group 5. Male sex was associated with biliary tract (odds ratio [OR], 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36–8.26), kidney (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.28–9.25), and retroperitoneal involvement (OR, 5.3; 95% CI, 1.45–20). Amerindian patients presented more frequently with atopy history and gallbladder involvement. Group 3 had a female predominance.

Conclusions
Latin American patients with IgG4-RD were younger, and men and women were equally affected compared with White and Asian cohorts. They belonged more commonly to group 1 and group 3. Retroperitoneal and aortic involvement was infrequent. Clinical and serological features differed according to sex, ethnicity, and clinical phenotype.
Artery Reconstruction in Right Lobe Living Donor Liver Transplantation
Authors: Lin Shin-Lung , Lin Ching-Min , Hung Yu-Ju , Lin Ping-Yi , Ko Chih-Jan , Hsieh Chia-En , Chen Yao-Li 
Published: May 2022

Background
The aims of this study were to investigate if recipient artery choice in right lobe living donor liver transplant affects postoperative complications and discuss solutions accordingly.

Methods
Three hundred fourteen right lobe living donor liver transplantation patients were divided into 2 groups: 163 patients using right hepatic artery as the recipient vessel and 151 patients using left hepatic artery as the recipient vessel. Cases involving 2 recipient blood vessels or the use of other blood vessels as recipient vessels were excluded.

Results
Overall vascular embolism rate in both groups was 1.3%, and our complication rate was lower than those in previous studies. There was no significant difference in complication rate between the groups, but a significant difference in recipient/donor artery size ratio was noted.

Conclusions
Although left hepatic artery's anatomical position makes it less affected by bile duct anastomosis and thus fewer postoperative complications, we believe that the ratio of the donor-recipient blood vessel size and the length of the anastomosis vessel stumps are the key factors that affect the outcome of the vascular anastomosis.