bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Green Synthesis and Potential Pharmaceutical
Applications of Nanoparticles as Targeted Drug Delivery System in
Biomedicines
Authors: Mittal Shweta , Chakole Chandrashekhar Mahadeo , Sharma Aman , Pandey Jaya , Chauhan Meenakshi Kanwar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNanotechnology-based nanomedicine offers several benefits over conventional forms
of therapeutic agents. Moreover, nanomedicine has become a potential candidate
for targeting therapeutic agents at specific sites. However, nanomedicine
prepared by synthetic methods may produce unwanted toxic effects. Due to their
nanosize range, nanoparticles can easily reach the reticuloendothelial system
and may produce unwanted systemic effects. The nanoparticles produced by the
green chemistry approach would enhance the safety profile by avoiding synthetic
agents and solvents in its preparations. This review encompasses toxicity
consideration of nanoparticles, green synthesis techniques of nanoparticle
preparation, biomedical application of nanoparticles, and future prospects.
The Interaction of Obesity and Reproductive Function in Adolescents
Authors: Elliott Victoria , Waldrop Stephanie W. , Wiromrat Pattara , Carreau Anne-Marie , Green Melanie Cree 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObesity is increasing worldwide, including in pediatrics. Adequate nutrition is required for initiation of menses, and there is a clear secular trend toward earlier pubertal onset and menarche in females in countries around the globe. Similar findings of earlier pubertal start are suggested in males. However, as individuals and populations have crossed into over-nutritional states including overweight and obesity, the effect of excess weight on disrupting reproductive function has become apparent. Hypothalamic hypogonadism and polycystic ovary syndrome are two conditions where reproductive function appears to directly relate to excess weight. Clinical findings in individuals with certain polygenic and monogenic obesity syndromes, which also have reproductive disruptions, have helped elucidate neurologic pathways that are common to both. Clinical endocrinopathies such as hypothyroidism or panhypopituitarism also aide in the understanding of the role of the endocrine system in weight gain. Understanding the intersection of obesity and reproductive function may lead to future therapies which can treat both conditions.
A visualisation tool to understand disease prevention and control practices of stakeholders working along the poultry supply chain in southern India
Authors: Greru Chamithri , Thompson Rebekah , Gowthaman Vasudevan , Shanmugasundaram Saranya , Ganesan Nagaarjun , Murthy T. R. Gopala Krishna , Eltholth Mahmoud , Cole Jennifer , Joshi Jyoti , Runjala Ravikiran , Nath Madhumita , Hegde Nagendra R. , Williams Nicola , Prendiville Alison 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we show how we developed a visualisation tool to challenge perceived notions about biosecurity on poultry farms. Veterinarians and veterinary public health professionals tend to present biosecurity measures as a universal and cost-effective solution for preventing and controlling diseases on farms. However, we illustrate how biosecurity is an ill-defined term, making it difficult to talk about or apply in practice. As a result, we demonstrate how we moved away from using the term biosecurity in our research by designing a visualisation tool. The tool was to allow us to open up dialogue around disease prevention and control, and make tangible the tacit situated practices of stakeholders working along the poultry supply chain. Our findings show that for those working along the poultry supply chain, the term biosecurity was either consistently open to interpretation, or too rigid to reflect or allow for local variations. We conclude by highlighting how our visualisation tool offers insights into why researchers must move beyond using biosecurity as a term, and instead envisage, design, and develop local solutions to prevent and control diseases on poultry farms.
Critical Thinking in the Physics Curriculum
Authors: Baker Blane 
Published: May 2022

This book presents a broad overview of critical thinking tactics and offers specific techniques to promote conceptual understanding and problem-solving skills. Critical Thinking in the Physics Curriculum provides detailed examples of ways to use this methodology and outlines activities for instructors to incorporate these strategies into an array of different instructional contexts.
The book features:Discussions about how to support students in open-ended inquirySuggestions to develop critical thinking in classrooms and labsClear examples of activities using critical thinking techniques for an array of instructional contexts
Critical Thinking in the Physics Curriculum is a valuable resource for physics and physical science teachers interested in teaching strategies. Education researchers in the physical sciences, including chemistry, mathematics, astronomy, and other related disciplines, will also find it helpful.
Structural basis of peptidomimetic agonism revealed by small-molecule GLP-1R agonists Boc5 and WB4-24
Authors: Cong Zhaotong , Zhou Qingtong , Li Yang , Chen Li-Nan , Zhang Zi-Chen , Liang Anyi , Liu Qing , Wu Xiaoyan , Dai Antao , Xia Tian , Wu Wei , Zhang Yan , Yang Dehua , Wang Ming-Wei 
Published: May 2022

SignificanceGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are efficacious in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. While most clinically used agents require subcutaneous injection, Boc5, as the first orthosteric nonpeptidic agonist of GLP-1R, suffers from poor oral bioavailability that hinders its therapeutic development. The cryoelectron microscopy structures of Boc5 and its closely related analog WB4-24 presented here reveal a binding pocket located deeper in the transmembrane domain for nonpeptidic GLP-1R agonists. Molecular interaction with this site may facilitate a broad spectrum of in vivo agonistic activities, in addition to that with the upper helical bundles presumably responsible for biased signaling. These findings deepen our understanding of peptidomimetic agonism at GLP-1R and may help design better drug leads against this important target.
Macrostructure in narratives produced by Lebanese Arabic-French bilingual children
Authors: Fiani Rachel , Henry Guillemette , Prévost Philippe 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Studies of macrostructure in bilingual children investigated potential age and language effects, without systematically taking into account bilingualism factors such as language dominance, exposure to narratives, and general language abilities. These issues were addressed in a study of macrostructure production by 69 bilingual Lebanese Arabic-French children aged 4–9. The children were administered the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives in the tell mode and a standardized conceptual vocabulary test. Parental questionnaires were also used to gather information on language exposure and use. Age effects and limited effects of language were found for all measures of macrostructure production (story structure, structural complexity and use of internal state terms). Significant correlations arose between these measures, vocabulary scores, and age, and between structural complexity scores and language dominance. Regression analyses revealed the predictive role of vocabulary in the development of macrostructure. These results are compatible with the idea that macrostructure is not language dependent. They also suggest that minimal language skills are needed for expressing macrostructure. The limited impact of bilingualism factors could stem from the fact that French and Lebanese Arabic are majority languages in Lebanon, meaning that the children had received continuous exposure to both languages, including within the school system.
Design of real time magnetic field compensation system based on fuzzy PI control algorithm for comagnetometer
Authors: Tang Chencheng , Liu Chang , Prado Caio A G , Zhao Tian , Han Bangcheng , Zhai Yueyang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Alkali-metal-noble-gas comagnetometers operating in the spin exchange relaxation free regime have been widely used in frontier science research and navigation technology. Under normal circumstances, the comagnetometer operates at the compensation point so that any interfering external magnetic field is tracked and suppressed by the nuclear spin. This in turn can greatly diminish the comagnetometer’s sensitivity to the magnetic field; however, its sensitivity to rotations and to anomalous fields is still maintained. The compensation point is typically adjusted manually, which leads to low accuracy and compensation speed, in addition to only allowing short-term magnetic field stability. In order to account for these problems, we designed a three-axis magnetic field compensation system in real time based on LabVIEW, and employed it to a K−Rb

−

21

Ne comagnetometer. Our study shows that by using a fuzzy proportional-integral (PI) controller, the compensation point can be tracked in real time and with higher precision when compared with manually adjusted methods, therefore improving the magnetic field stability and sensitivity of the comagnetometer.
Application of pre-positioning method in compressor cascade measurement with pressure-sensitive paint
Authors: Yang Guanhua , Gao Limin , Gao Tianyu , Guo Yanchao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) technique has shown superiorities in its large coverage area capability and high spatial resolution. The process of the PSP technique usually requires sufficient illumination that covers the entire test object, and a camera that acquires the particular excited fluorescence. Applications in internal flow study, like the compressor cascade, may fail as the optical access is heavily limited due to the closely adjacent components, which creates a high demand for spatial positioning arrangement of optical devices in the visualization system. In this work, a pre-positioning method was proposed to help determine the arrangement of optical devices of an internal flow PSP measurement system in advance. It was applied to the measurement of a linear compressor cascade with large solidity. The results showed that with the optical layout arrangement determined using this pre-positioning method, a full-field pressure distribution of the cascade blade can be acquired successfully.
DRCDCT-net: a steel surface defect diagnosis method based on a dual-route cross-domain convolution-transformer network
Authors: Wang Jianqi , Zhang Quan , Liu Guohua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
With the development of industrialization, steel has been widely used in various fields. Current artificial intelligence (AI) methods based on steel surface images can automatically classify defect types on steel surfaces, but they still face challenges when embedded in actual industrial production. For example, the performance of convolutional networks is limited, and some categories of industrial fault data are scarce. In order to alleviate the above problems, this paper proposes a novel network structure, DRCDCT-Net. It is designed as a dual-route structure: a feature attention defect diagnosis module (FAD) and a cross-domain joint learning defect diagnosis module (CJLD). With the Feature Transformer designed as the core, the FAD is mainly responsible for handling defect classification tasks with sufficient samples. It can alleviate the problem of interdependence between features that are difficult for convolutional networks to learn. With the cross-domain joint learning network designed as the core, the CJLD is used to deal with the task of defect classification with extremely scarce samples. It can decouple the domain features of the image, so that the model can use data from different domains to learn the target data. When using the full data of both datasets, the model achieved 99.7 ± 0.2% and 90.0 ± 0.6% precision in Northeastern University (NEU)-CLS and SEVERSTAL, respectively. When using 20 images per class, it achieved 99.5 ± 0.2% and 71.3 ± 0.9% precision in NEU-CLS and SEVERSTAL, respectively. This paper proposes a novel deep learning structure. When faced with sufficient data, the model can take into account both performance and computing resource requirements. When faced with a small amount of sample data, the model can decouple data domain features and use unrelated features to learn the target data. The model proposed is more implementable and builds a bridge for the integration of AI technology and industrial defect real-time monitoring technology.
Machine learning-based detection of aberrant deep learning segmentations of target and organs at risk for prostate radiotherapy using a secondary segmentation algorithm
Authors: Claessens Michaël , Vanreusel Verdi , De Kerf Geert , Mollaert Isabelle , Löfman Fredrik , Gooding Mark J , Brouwer Charlotte , Dirix Piet , Verellen Dirk 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjective.The output of a deep learning (DL) auto-segmentation application should be reviewed, corrected if needed and approved before being used clinically. This verification procedure is labour-intensive, time-consuming and user-dependent, which potentially leads to significant errors with impact on the overall treatment quality. Additionally, when the time needed to correct auto-segmentations approaches the time to delineate target and organs at risk from scratch, the usability of the DL model can be questioned. Therefore, an automated quality assurance framework was developed with the aim to detect in advance aberrant auto-segmentations.Approach. Five organs (prostate, bladder, anorectum, femoral head left and right) were auto-delineated on CT acquisitions for 48 prostate patients by an in-house trained primary DL model. An experienced radiation oncologist assessed the correctness of the model output and categorised the auto-segmentations into two classes whether minor or major adaptations were needed. Subsequently, an independent, secondary DL model was implemented to delineate the same structures as the primary model. Quantitative comparison metrics were calculated using both models’ segmentations and used as input features for a machine learning classification model to predict the output quality of the primary model.Main results. For every organ, the approach of independent validation by the secondary model was able to detect primary auto-segmentations that needed major adaptation with high sensitivity (recall = 1) based on the calculated quantitative metrics. The surface DSC and APL were found to be the most indicated parameters in comparison to standard quantitative metrics for the time needed to adapt auto-segmentations.Significance. This proposed method includes a proof of concept for the use of an independent DL segmentation model in combination with a ML classifier to improve time saving during QA of auto-segmentations. The integration of such system into current automatic segmentation pipelines can increase the efficiency of the radiotherapy contouring workflow.
Characterization of charge sharing induced by high LET heavy ions using inverter chains in a commercial bulk FinFET process
Authors: Huang Pengcheng , Yue Daheng , Chi Yaqing , Sun Qian , Liang Bin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The inverter is one of the most important cell types in any standard cell library at each technology node, and it is also very important for single-event research. The distributions and cross-sections of single-event transients (SETs) and single-event multiple transients (SEMTs) were characterized using 14/16 nm bulk fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) inverters under heavy ion radiation. An inverter with double driving strength (INVX2) was used as an instantiate object to observe the SET and SEMT response. 181Ta with energies of 1891 GeV and 2000.5 MeV were used respectively in the experiments, of which the linear energy transfer (LET) values were 87.4 MeV cm2 mg−1 and 75.4 MeV cm2 mg−1. The test results indicated that: (a) the mean pulse widths of the SET and SEMT were less than 100 ps, and decreased with LET decreasing; (b) there was charge sharing between abutted INVX2 inverters placed horizontally, and the generation probability of SEMT induced by charge sharing was less than 1% even if the LET of heavy ion reached 87.4 MeV cm2 mg−1. The results were beneficial for a better understanding of SET and SEMT tolerance for inverters in FinFET technology.
Gravitational wave background from non-Abelian reheating after axion-like inflation
Authors: Klose P. , Laine M. , Procacci S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A pseudoscalar inflaton φ, coupled to the topological charge
density FF̃ of a non-Abelian sector, can decay to gauge
bosons (φ ⟶ gg), which may thermalize rapidly.
The friction felt by φ is then increased by
non-Abelian “strong sphalerons”, leading to a self-amplifying
process that can efficiently heat up the medium. We determine a lower
bound for the gravitational wave production rate from such a process,
originating via hydrodynamic fluctuations and particle collisions,
in terms of a minimal number of parameters. Only a moderate fraction
of energy density is converted to gravitational waves, suggesting
that non-Abelian models may avoid the overproduction observed in
some Abelian cases.
Theoretical study of coherent optical phenomena in a three lasers driven four-level ladder-type system involving a Rydberg state
Authors: Hazra R , Hossain M M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A comparative theoretical study of two-photon electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), absorption (EIA) and three-photon electromagnetically induced transparency (TPEIT), absorption (TPEIA) and their associated dispersion and group index profiles are presented by using a four-level ladder-type system of both stationary and moving 85Rb Rydberg atoms. We have observed EIT, EIA and their respective positive and negative dispersive slopes under two-photon conditions, while the TPEIT, TPEIA signals and the respective multiple positive and negative dispersive slopes at around zero detuning of the probe field are observed under the three-photon conditions. It is found that the control and manipulation of the coherent optical responses under three-photon conditions are much richer than the two-photon conditions. The group index profiles related to the dispersion of the medium have been studied under both two- and three-photon conditions to compare and explain the optical switching between the subluminal and superluminal modes of propagation for both stationary and moving atomic medium. The influence of the ‘pump’ Rabi frequency on the group index has also been investigated to illustrate the action of optical switching. Finally, the existence of the four-wave mixing (FWM) process due to the action of three optical fields in the EIT medium is also discussed.
Interference of areas of subcycle light pulses
Authors: Arkhipov Rostislav , Arkhipov Mikhail , Pakhomov Anton , Rosanov Nikolay 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Progress in reducing the duration of light pulses (down to one cycle of field oscillations or less), achieved in the last decades, has made it possible to experimentally observe and study a number of atomic-scale phenomena that occur at ultrafast times. Their study and observation are unavailable with conventional sources of monochromatic laser radiation. When using few- or subcycle pulses, a number of well-known phenomena in optics, which are well studied when using long monochromatic radiation sources, either lose their meaning, or their underlying physical mechanisms require revision. For example, the direct interference of subcycle pulses with their direct overlap is not possible due to their short duration. This note addresses the interference phenomenon, when a pair of subcycle pulses act on a medium, while do not simultaneously overlap inside it. In this case, it is not the pulses themselves that interfere in the medium, but the probability amplitudes of the bound states of the medium. Therefore the result of their impact on the medium can be interpreted as the interference of the areas of pulses—electric pulse areas (integral of the electric field strength over time) and envelope areas (integral of the slowly varying envelope of the electric field strength over time).
Constraining the relativistic mean-field models from PREX-2 data: effective forces revisited *
Authors: Pattnaik Jeet Amrit , Panda R. N. , Bhuyan M. , Patra S. K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Based on the current measurement of the neutron distribution radius (

) of 208Pb from the PREX-2 data, we revisited the recently developed G3 and IOPB-I force parameters by fine-tuning some specific couplings within the relativistic mean-field (RMF) model. The ω–
ρ-mesons coupling

and the ρ-meson coupling

are constrained to the experimental neutron radius of 208Pb without compromising the bulk properties of finite nuclei and infinite nuclear matter observables. The modified parameter sets are applied to calculate the gross properties of finite nuclei such as binding energies, charge distributions, nuclear radii, pairing gaps, and single-particle energies. The root-mean-square deviations in binding energy and charge radius are estimated with respect to the available experimental data for 195 even–even nuclei, and the results compare favourably with the well-calibrated effective interactions of Skyrme, Gogny and other relativistic mean-field parametrizations. The pairing gap estimations for modified G3 and IOPB-I for Sn isotopes are also compared with the Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov calculation with the Gogny (D1S) interaction. The isotopic shift and single-particle energy spacing are also calculated and compared with the experimental data for both original and modified versions of the G3 and IOPB-I parameter sets. Subsequently, both the modified parameter sets are used to obtain the various infinite nuclear matter observables at saturation. In addition to these, the force parameters are adopted to calculate the properties of a high isospin asymmetry dense system such as neutron star matter and tested for validation using the constraint from GW170817 binary neutron star merger events. The tuned forces predict relatively good results for finite and infinite nuclear matter systems and the current limitation on the neutron radius from PREX-2. A systematic analysis using these two refitted parameter sets over the nuclear chart will be communicated shortly.
Light controlled signaling initiated by subretinal semiconducting-polymer layer in developing-blind-retina mimics the response of the neonatal retina
Authors: Deepak Chakram S , Krishnan Abhijith , Narayan K S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Optoelectronic semiconducting polymer material interfaced with a blind-developing chick-retina (E13–E18) in subretinal configuration reveals a response to full-field flash stimulus that resembles an elicited response from natural photoreceptors in a neonatal chick retina. The response manifests as evoked-firing of action potentials and was recorded using a multi-electrode array in contact with the retinal ganglion layer. Characteristics of increasing features in the signal unfold during different retina-development stages and highlight the emerging network mediated pathways typically present in the vision process of the artificial photoreceptor interfaced retina.