bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MILAN’S FORGOTTEN EPIDEMIC OF SUMMER 1629, A FEW MONTHS BEFORE THE LAST GREAT PLAGUE: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE POSSIBLE CAUSE
Authors: Galli Massimo , Oreni Letizia , Ridolfo Anna Lisa , Formenti Angelo , Luconi Ester , Boracchi Patrizia , Antinori Spinello , Biganzoli Elia , Vaglienti Folco 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTAn epidemic not attributable to plague caused thousands of deaths in Milan in the summer of 1629, a time of war and famine that immediately preceded the even more fatal Great Plague of 1630, which is estimated to have killed tens of thousands of people. The 5,993 deaths of 1629 recorded in theLiber Mortuorumof Milan (a city with an estimated population of 130,000 inhabitants at the time) were 45.7% more than the average number recorded between 1601 and 1628. Mortality peaked in July, and 49% of the deaths were attributed to acute fever without a rash or any organ involvement. These deaths involved 1,627 males and 1,334 females, and occurred at a median age 40 years (range 0-95). In this paper, we discuss the possible cause of the epidemic, which may have been an outbreak of typhoid fever.
To test or not? Xpert MTB/RIF as an alternative to smear microscopy to guide line probe assay testing for drug-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Pillay S , de Vos M , Sohn H , Ghebrekristos Y , Dolby T , Warren RM , Theron G 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundXpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) revolutionised tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis, however, laboratory decision making on whether widely-used reflex drug susceptibility assays (MTBDRplus, MTBDRsl) are done on specimens is often based on smear microscopy status.MethodWe performed receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analyses using sputum bacterial load measures [smear microscopy grade, Xpert semi-quantitation category and minimum cycle threshold (CTmin) values] for the classification of “likely non-actionable” (not resistant or susceptible) line probe assays results. We evaluated the actionable-to-non-actionable result ratio and pay-offs with missed isoniazid and fluoroquinolone resistance compared to if LPAs were done universally.FindingsSmear-negatives were more likely than smear-positives to generate a non-actionable MTBDRplus[23% (133/559) vs. 4% (15/381)] or MTBDRsl[39% (220/559) vs. 12% (47/381)] result, however, excluding smear-negatives would result in missed rapid diagnoses [e.g., only 51% (273/537) of LPA-diagnosable isoniazid resistance detected if smear-negatives omitted]. Within smear-negatives, testing ≥ “medium” specimens had a high ratio of actionable-to-non-actionable results (12.8 or a 4-fold improvement vs. test all for MTBDRplus, 4.5 or 3-fold improvement for MTBDRsl), which would capture 64% (168/264) and 77% (34/44) of LPA-detectable resistance. If CTminwere used, greater resolution and higher ratios offset against fewer missed resistant cases were obtained.ConclusionRoutinely-generated Xpert quantitative information permits identification of smear-negatives in whom the ratio of actionable-to-non-actionable LPA results may prove acceptably high to laboratories depending on their local contexts. Xpert CTminor, if unavailable, semiquantitation category should be used to guide reflex DST; permitting the rational expansion of direct DST to certain paucibacillary specimens.
Efficacy of PD-(L)1 blockade monotherapy compared to PD-(L)1 blockade plus chemotherapy in first-line PD-L1-positive advanced lung adenocarcinomas: A cohort study
Authors: Elkrief Arielle , Victor Alessi Joao M. , Ricciuti Biagio , Brown Samantha , Rizvi Hira , Preeshagul Isabel R. , Wang Xinan , Pecci Federica , Federico Alessandro Di , Lamberti Giuseppe , Egger Jacklynn V. , Chaft Jamie E. , Rudin Charles M. , Riely Gregory J. , Kris Mark G. , Ladanyi Marc , Chen Yuan , Hellmann Matthew D. , Shen Ronglai , Awad Mark M. , Schoenfeld Adam J. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundSingle-agent PD-(L)1 blockade (IO) alone or in combination with chemotherapy (Chemotherapy-IO) are approved first-line therapies in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs) with PD-L1 expression ≥1%. These regimens have not been compared prospectively. The primary objective was to compare first-line efficacies of single-agent IO to Chemotherapy-IO in patients with advanced LUADs. Secondary objectives were to explore if clinical, pathologic, and genomic features were associated with differential response to Chemotherapy-IO vs IO.MethodsThis was a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Inclusion criteria were patients with advanced LUADs with tumor PD-L1 ≥1% treated with first-line Chemotherapy-IO or IO. To compare the first-line efficacies of single-agent IO to Chemotherapy-IO, we conducted inverse probability weighted (IPW) Cox proportional hazards models using estimated propensity scores.ResultsThe cohort analyzed included 874 patients. Relative to IO, Chemotherapy-IO was associated with improved ORR (44% vs 35%, p=0.005) and PFS in patients with tumor PD-L1≥1% (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.0.61-0.92, p=0.005) or PD-L1≥50% (ORR 55% vs38%, p<0.001; PFS HR 0.74 95%CI 0.56-0.97, p=0.032). Using propensity-adjusted analyses, only never smokers in the PD-L1 ≥50% subgroup derived a differential survival benefit from Chemotherapy-IO vs IO (p=0.03). Among patients with very high tumor PD-L1 expression (≥90%) there were no differences in outcome between treatment groups. No genomic factors conferred differential survival benefit to Chemotherapy-IO vs IO.ConclusionsWhile the addition of chemotherapy to PD-(L)1 blockade increases the probability of initial response, never-smokers with tumor PD-L1 ≥50% comprise the only population identified that derived an apparent survival benefit with treatment intensification.
Patterns of orthopedic and trauma admissions to a tertiary teaching and referral health facility in Kenya: Chart review
Authors: Omondi Maxwell Philip , Mwangi Joseph Cege , Sitati Fred Chuma , Onga’ngo’ Herbert 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTertiary hospitals in resource-limited countries treat patients referred but in most cases are the first level of care for the vast majority of patients. As a result, the tertiary facility effectively functions as a primary health care facility. The urban phenomenon of widespread self-referral is associated with low rates of formal referral from peripheral health facilities.Study ObjectiveTo determine the patterns of orthopaedic and trauma admissions to Kenyatta National Hospital.MethodologyThis was descriptive study design. Sample size was 905 patient charts for 2021FindingsThe mean age was 33.8 years (SD 16.5) with range of 1 - 93 years. Majority 66.3% were between 25 – 64 years with those above 65 years being 40 (4.4%). Children 0-14 years comprised 10.9% of the admissions. Of the 905 admissions, 80.7% were accident and trauma-related admissions while 17.1% were non-trauma related admissions. About 50.1% were facility referrals while 49.9% were walk-ins. Majority of admissions were through Accident and Emergency Department 78.1%, Corporate Outpatient Care 14.9% and Clinic 7.0%. About 78.7% were emergency admissions while 20.8% were elective admissions. Approximately admissions 48.5% were due to Road Traffic Accidents, 20.9% due to falls and non-trauma related conditions represented 17.1%. Close to 44.8% were casual workers and 20.2% unemployed. Education level was also reviewed with 34.0% having primary education and 35.0% having secondary education. A significant proportion of female admissions (33.2%) were due to non-trauma conditions as compared to male admissions (12.8%) (p<0.001). Aadmissions for those aged 25 – 64 years were 3.5 more likely to have emergency admission as compared to those aged 0 – 14 years. Male were 65.1% less likely to have elective admissions compared to female (p<0.001). Those unemployed were 3.9 more likely to have emergency admission compared to businessmen/women. Vast majority (89.2%) of admissions were within Nairobi Metropolitan region
Ring-finger protein 34 facilitates nervous necrosis virus evading antiviral innate immunity by targeting TBK1 and IRF3 for ubiquitination and degradation
Authors: Zhang Wanwan , Chen Leshi , Yao Lan , Jia Peng , Xiang Yangxi , Yi Meisheng , Jia Kuntong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUbiquitination, as one of the most prevalent posttranslational modifications of proteins, enables a tight control on host immune responses. Many viruses hijack the host ubiquitin system to regulate host antiviral responses for their survival. Here, we found that fish pathogen nervous necrosis virus (NNV) recruited an E3 ubiquitin ligase ring finger protein 34 (RNF34) to inhibit RLRs-mediated interferons (IFN) response via ubiquitinating TBK1 and IRF3. Ectopic expression of RNF34 greatly enhances NNV replication and prevents IFN production, while deficiency of RNF34 led to the opposite effect. Furthermore, RNF34 targets TBK1 and IRF3 via its RING domain. Of note, the interactions between RNF34 and TBK1 or IRF3 were conserved in different fish species. Mechanically, RNF34 promote K27-linked ubiquitination and degradation of TBK1 and IRF3, which in turn diminishing TBK1-induced translocation of IRF3 from cytoplasm to nucleus. Ultimately, NNV capsid protein (CP) was found directly bind with RNF34 and this interaction was conserved in different fishes, and CP induced TBK1 and IRF3 degradation and IFN suppression was depended on RNF34. Our finding demonstrated a novel mechanism by which NNV CP evaded host innate immunity via RNF34, and provided a potential drug target for the control of NNV infection.Author SummaryUbiquitination plays an essential role in the regulation of innate immune responses to pathogens. NNV, a kind of RNA virus, is the causal agent of a highly destructive disease in a variety of marine and freshwater fish. Previous study reported NNV could hijack the ubiquitin system to manipulate the host’s immune responses, however, how NNV utilizes ubiquitination to facilitate its own replication is not well understood. Here, we identified a novel distinct role of E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF34 as an IFN antagonist to promote NNV infection. Nervous necrosis virus capsid protein utilized RNF34 to target TBK1 and IRF3 for K27 and K48-linked ubiquitination degradation. Importantly, the interactions between RNF34 and CP, TBK1 or IRF3 are conserved in different fishes, suggesting it is a general immune evasion strategy exploited by NNV to target the IFN response via RNF34.
Extraction and validation of patient housing and food insecurity status in a large electronic health records database using selective prediction and active learning
Authors: Swaminathan Akshay , Kumar Wasan M , Lopez Ivan , Tran Edward , Srivastava Ujwal , Wang William , Clary Max K , van Deursen Willemijn H , Shaw Jonathan G , Gevaert Olivier , Chen Jonathan H 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveInformation on patient social determinants of health is frequently recorded in unstructured clinical notes, making it inaccessible for researchers and policymakers. We aimed to extract and validate food and housing insecurity status on a large electronic health record-derived patient cohort by combining selective prediction and active learning.Materials and MethodsManually labeled charts selected via active learning were used to train L1-regularized logistic regression models to identify the presence of food insecurity (N=372, 42% event rate) and housing insecurity (N=559, 36% event rate) in clinical notes. In addition to validating predictions against labeled data, we further validated predictions on an additional unlabeled dataset through associative studies with demographic, clinical, and environmental variables with known associations with food and housing insecurity.ResultsThe food insecurity model had AUC=0.83, sensitivity=0.90, PPV=0.90, and undetermined rate=0.59 (n=149); the housing insecurity model had AUC=0.81, sensitivity=0.50, PPV=1, and undetermined rate=0.65 (n=224). Out of 4,337 unlabeled patients, the 395 (9%) patients predicted to have food insecurity were more likely to be Hispanic/Latino (48% vs 24%, p<0.001) and have diabetes (34% vs 12%), hypertension (43% vs 11%), and heart disease (12% vs 0.7%) (p<0.001 for all).DiscussionSelective prediction and active learning can facilitate efficient labeling of social determinants of health from unstructured EHR data to identify vulnerable populations and targets for healthcare system and policy intervention.ConclusionMachine learning can be used to extract high-fidelity information on patient food and housing insecurity status.
Scoping Review of Methods and Annotated Datasets Used to Predict Gender and Age of Twitter Users
Authors: O’Connor Karen , Golder Su , Weissenbacher Davy , Klein Ari , Magge Arjun , Gonzalez-Hernandez Graciela 
Published: December 2022

AbstractReal World Data (RWD) has been identified as a key information source in health and social science research. An important, and readily available source of RWD is social media. Identifying the gender and age of the authors of social media posts is necessary for assessing the representativeness of the sample by these key demographics and enables researchers to study subgroups and disparities. However, deciphering the age and gender of social media users can be challenging. We present a scoping review of the literature and summarize the automated methods used to predict age and gender of Twitter users. We used a systematic search method to identify relevant literature, of which 74 met our inclusion criteria. We found that although methods to extract age and gender evolved over time to utilize deep neural networks, many still relied on more traditional machine learning methods. Gender prediction has achieved higher reported performance, while prediction of age performance lags, particularly for more granular age groups. However, the heterogeneous nature of the studies and the lack of consistent performance measures made it impossible to quantitively synthesize results. We found evidence that data bias is a prevalent problem and discuss suggestions to minimize it for future studies.
Entrepreneurial orientation driven employee retention: mediating role of human capital development
Authors: Kapur Inakshi , Tyagi Pallavi 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
The study explores how organizations can leverage an entrepreneurial orientation to encourage human capital development and employee retention. The mediating role of human capital development is also examined.

Design/methodology/approach
Data was collected from 224 IT sector employees in India, and analysis was done using Covariance Based Structural Equation Modeling.

Findings
Significant, positive relationships were reported between entrepreneurial orientation and human capital development and employee retention. Furthermore, human capital development showed a positive effect on employee retention. Finally, the mediating role of human capital development in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and employee retention was also positively significant.

Originality/value
The study explores the role played by human capital development in strengthening the association between entrepreneurial orientation and employee retention.
Barriers to BIM for facilities management adoption in Nigeria: a multivariate analysis
Authors: Ikediashi Dubem Isaac , Ansa Otoabasi Asuquo , Ujene Anthony Okwogume , Akoh Sani Reuben 
Published: December 2022

PurposeBuilding information modelling (BIM) has been established in the literature as a successful platform that creates an intelligent virtual model for processing data from conceptual design through construction to operational stage of a facility. However, its adoption for facilities management (FM) provision in Nigeria has been slow due to inherent barriers. The aim of this paper is to (1) assess and categorise using factor analysis BIM for FM barriers and (2) model the barriers using stakeholders' personal/professional attributes.Design/methodology/approachAnchored on quantitative research design, 205 copies of structured questionnaire were distributed to key stakeholders and facilities managers in Nigeria's three strategic cities while 135 valid responses were received giving a response rate of 65.8%. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics while multiple regression analysis was used to model the barriers. Kruskal Wallis test was used to test the only hypothesis postulated for the study.FindingsThe study established lack of awareness of BIM for FM, poor supporting infrastructure for Internet services, and lack of education and training as the top three rated barriers militating against adoption of BIM for FM in Nigeria while corruption, widespread mistakes and errors and cultural issues were established as the three least rated barriers. Besides, findings also established eight underlying factors that explained 23 barrier factors used for the study which were subsequently used to develop eight regression models. In effect, gender, professional affiliation, organisation, experience, education, expertise, BIM for FM project type, and location were found to statistically predict the 8 extracted factors driving perceived barriers of BIM for FM adoption in Nigeria.Practical implicationsThe study has provided a framework of barrier factors to help stakeholders identify specific barriers for which appropriate measures can be taken to ameliorate consequences of the perceived barriers. Meanwhile, an improved and rejuvenated advocacy on inherent benefits of BIM for facilities management by frontline stakeholders could potentially steer up interests and increased participation of stakeholders on BIM for FM.Originality/valueThe unique study developed the first ever regression model that links BIM for FM barriers to professional attributes of facilities management stakeholders in Nigeria.
The economics of Pope Francis: the promise of markets and the poverty of intervention
Authors: Mead Kling Hannah , Norgaard Julia R. , Wenzel Nikolai G. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to study Catholic Social Theory (CST) and its implications for economic development. From the early days of CST through the papacy of Benedict XVI, the Church has been consistent about the promise and limits of markets. Markets offer the necessary foundation for human flourishing – but they must be ordered toward the common good and they carry the potential for spiritual loss. Pope Francis has changed course from over a century of CST, with a markedly different view of business, labor and free markets.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper summarizes 130 years of CST regarding the economy and describes the turn Pope Francis takes from this tradition. This paper discusses economic theory and analyzes the importance of markets for economic development and assesses Pope Francis’ economics in light of this theory.

Findings
This paper discusses the findings that – despite what we assume to be good intentions – the economics of Pope Francis would condemn billions to poverty. Others (Whaples, 2017a) have discussed the economics of Pope Francis.

Originality/value
Others (Whaples, 2017a) have discussed the economics of Pope Francis. This paper finds, however, that most of the critiques are too gentle, and do not recognize the full deleterious impact of the application of the new teachings.
Internationalization of transnational entrepreneurial firms from an advanced to emerging economy: the role of transnational mixed-embeddedness
Authors: Li Nicolas , Borah Dhruba , Kim Jihye , Ji Junzhe 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThis study investigates the role of transnational mixed-embeddedness when transnational entrepreneurial firms (TEFs) become internationalized. First-generation immigrant entrepreneurs who maintain business arrangements in their home and host countries own TEFs. In many cases, they internationalize from emerging economies to advanced economies. Nevertheless, this study focuses on TEF cases that internationalize from an advanced to an emerging economy, which prior transnational entrepreneurship studies have largely overlooked.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses a qualitative approach based on six TEF case studies from Canada and the UK venturing into China to explore TEFs' internationalization.FindingsThe case studies explore the elements that constitute TEFs' cognitive and relational embeddedness—two main types of embeddedness—in home and host countries and how TEFs exploit such embeddedness for their internationalization. The results suggest that high levels of transnational mixed-embeddedness help TEFs reduce resource and institutional distance barriers in home countries, thereby assisting their internationalization. A framework that visualizes the role of transnational mixed-embeddedness in TEFs' internationalization and novel categorizations of transnational mixed-embeddedness is proposed.Originality/valueAlthough there has been a growing demand for research on the emergence of internationalized smaller firms, there have been few empirical efforts on TEFs' internationalization. It is still unclear how TEFs internationalize differently than homegrown entrepreneurial firms. This study fills this gap in transnational entrepreneurship literature by examining the influence of transnational mixed-embeddedness on TEFs' internationalization.
Organizing for supply chain resilience: a high reliability network perspective
Authors: Peters Esmee , Knight Louise , Boersma Kees , Uenk Niels 
Published: December 2022

PurposeBoth high reliability theory (HRT) and “new school” supply chain resilience (SCR) promote a multi-layered, adaptable, transformational, and holistic perspective on organizing and managing. The authors explore whether, and if so how, HRT offer fresh perspectives on the SCR challenges experienced during COVID-19 and on organizing for future resilience.Design/methodology/approachAddressing SCR at the interorganizational network level, and blending theory synthesis and case study research, the authors assess if and how HRN constructs and practices can guide analysis of SCR in dynamic, complex networks, and help shape development pathways towards organizing for resilience. Findings draw on thick description and iterative coding of data (58 interviews and 200+ documents) on the buyer network responsible for managing the supply of critical medical products in the Netherlands.FindingsHRT highlights the interconnectedness of challenges encountered during COVID-19 and helps design future resilience through three lessons. Organizing for SCR requires (1) both anticipation and containment strategies, (2) stable working relationships characterized by trust, and (3) a clear basis of command underpinned by experience-based legitimacy.Originality/valueDistinctive from SCR, which views crises as “black swans”, HRT organizes around everyday consideration of the risk of failure. Taking a buyer network perspective, the authors move beyond the buyer-supplier network focus in SCR. The authors contend that emphasis on measures such as supplier base management, stockpiling, and domestic production are essential but not sufficient. Rather, HRT implies that deep structural and social ties within the buyer network should also be emphasized.