bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is TikTok increasing the number of self-diagnoses of ADHD in young people?
Authors: Gilmore R. , Beezhold J. , Selwyn V. , Howard R. , Bartolome I. , Henderson N. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
TikTok is a free mobile application, that enables users to create short videos. TikTok has an estimated one billion monthly active users, comprised of a mostly younger audience. There has been a noticed rise in content discussing ADHD – hashtag ADHD on TikTok has 6.3 billion views. The discussions continue on Twitter, where users are reporting watching TikTok content explaining ADHD symptomatology, subsequently relating to the condition and requesting referrals to specialist psychiatry services. This study aims to identify key themes in discussions around TikTok and ADHD, and its ramifications.ObjectivesThis study’s objective is to discuss the relationship between viewing ADHD content of TikTok and self-diagnoses of ADHD in young people.MethodsIn our study, Twitter posts were identified with the words ‘ADHD’ and ‘TikTok’ and established key themes relating to self-diagnosis of ADHD.ResultsNumerous tweets were found discussing individual’s experiences of self-diagnosis of ADHD after watching TikTok videos and relating with the symptomology. Furthermore, many users discussed their efforts to seek diagnosis from psychiatrists. These posts highlighted positive discussion of mental health, and the improvement in quality of life since diagnosis.ConclusionsMany young people are self-diagnosing ADHD after viewing TikTok videos. This may improve mental health stigma, however the expertise of the video creators should be scrutinised. Furthermore, the impact on already stretched waiting lists should be considered, with individuals who’s perceived ADHD traits are not impacting on their quality of life.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
National Mental Health Platform in Egypt, Revolution of Mental Health Services
Authors: Noby S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe General Secretariat of Mental Health and Addiction Treatment is a governmental body dedicated to the provision of mental health services in Ministry of Health in Egypt. Moreover, in response to the COVID-19 outbreak in Egypt, on line, advice tips, and counseling through the hotline services have became available through social media sites the past few months. Such digital remote MH services were very much welcomed by social media users. In the same time, for mental health professionals, the opportunity to provide help in this time of crisis – without an in-person consultation – was very desirable. In addition to the prevailing stigma of MH condition in the Egyptian culture, which this remote approach overcome it. Effective innovations in the field of mental health have the potential to change the face of mental health care, not only during pandemics but also in routine daily life.Objectives1. Develop a National strategy for E-Mental Health in Egypt. 2. Develop the National mental health platform as a universal implementation tool.MethodsThis project conducted in collaboration with WHO in Egypt, It run in 3 phases: Strategy, planning and infrastructure: include needs assessment and software development. Finalizing infrastructure, adaptation of the content Deployment: include training of the service providers on the usage of the adapted M.H platform, launching and advocacy.ResultsDevelopment of E-Mental Health strategy, Development of National Mental Health Platform, Training of 50 therapists on digital mental health services.ConclusionsNational Mental Health Platform is the future road of mental health services in EgyptDisclosureNo significant relationships.
Resilience and its association with post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression symptomatology in the aftermath of trauma: a cross-sectional study from Nepal
Authors: Dhungana S. , Koirala R. , Ojha S. , Thapa S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionResilience is a multidimensional construct. Despite being quoted as protective against mental disorders, it remains largely unexplored in our context.ObjectivesWe attempted to explore the role of resilience in the development of various psychiatric symptoms as depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder following trauma in clinical population in a psychiatry outpatient of a university hospital.MethodsWe interviewed one hundred patients who sought treatment in psychiatry outpatient in a university hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. We collected sociodemographic and trauma related information using semi-structured interview format. Other instruments used were the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 2.1 for trauma categorization, the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian version to measure the post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and the 25-item Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 to assess the level of depression and anxiety symptoms. We used Nepali adapted resilience scale derived from the original Wagnild and Young Resilience scale to measure resilience. We explored the associations between resilience scores and the scores on depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder using bivariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsResilience had negative correlations with depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms after adjusting for other variables such as gender, marital status, employment status, socioeconomic status and trauma types which were observed to have significant association in the bivariate analysis.ConclusionsThere was inverse correlation between resilience scores and depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Resilience should be considered in studies involving trauma population.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Valproic acid-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy: a clinical case
Authors: Felizardo M. , Freitas C. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionValproic acid is a psychotropic drug used for several years, due to its properties as a mood stabilizer, being considered as first-line treatment for bipolar disorder. In addition to its teratogenic potential, which prevents its recommendation for the treatment of bipolar disorder in women of childbearing age, valproic acid is associated with some side effects, such as gastrointestinal symptoms, alopecia, weight gain, tremor or hepatotoxicity. Hyperammonemia is a side effect that is little described, but relatively frequent, and may progress to variable encephalopathy.ObjectivesThe authors describe a clinical case of a 48-year-old female patient, hospitalized due to a manic episode, who was prescribed valproic acid, in association with lorazepam and olanzapine.MethodsAfter three days on a dose of 1000mg of valproic acid, the patient began an acute condition of confusion, psychomotor retardation, temporal-spatial disorientation and ataxia. Infection, electrolyte disturbance and acute cerebral event were excluded. Noteworthy only hyperammonemia. Valproic acid was withdrawn and replaced by lithium, with the patient recovering from the confusional state two days later.ResultsHyperamonemic encephalopathy secondary to valproic acid was concluded. The mechanisms of valproic acid-linked hyperammonemia are not clear, although it appears to be independent of hepatotoxicity. The most studied hypotheses are related to glutamine reabsorption and serum levels carnitine in patients medicated with valproic acid.ConclusionsIt is essential that there is a high level of suspicion in clinicians for this secondary effect of valproic acid, in order to adequately treat the patient who presents with acute confusional conditions, not explained by other complications.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Effect of the vision suppression on the graphomotor gesture in school aged children typically developed and with handwriting disorders
Authors: Lopez C. , Vaivre-Douret L. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe knowledge aboutthe integration of letter motor programs during learning to write support the idea of an interdependence of visual and kinesthetic controls to direct the strokes.ObjectivesThe objective of our study is to analyze the effect of the vision suppression both on the postural-gestural organization and on the spatial/temporal/kinematic parameters in a prescriptural task.Methods35 school aged children with handwriting disorders (HD group) aged 6-11 years and 35 matched typical children were included in the study. They performed a prescriptural task of copying a cycloid line of loops, carried out under two conditions, with open eyes versus closed eyes. Postural-gestural measures were recorded with two video cameras allowing 2D reconstruction of the gesture. Spatial/temporal/kinematic measures were recorded with a digital pen.ResultsThe HD group showed a significantly poorer postural control and an improvement in the spatial/temporal/kinematic parameters of the loops when they closed their eyes compared to eyes open. In typical group, the postural-gestural organization became significantly more mature but with no significant influence on the spatial/temporal/kinematic parameters of the loops.ConclusionsHDs could be partly explained by a deficit in the processing of proprioceptive/kinesthetic feedback and a disruptive effect of the visual control on the quality of the prescriptural drawings. The ability to direct the strokes would remain dependent on sensory feedbacks, themselves insufficiently efficient, which would lead to difficulties in reaching a proactive control of handwriting. These results should be able to enhance clinical practices and to contribute to clinical decision making processes for handwriting disorders remediation.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The psychology of kink: A survey study investigating stigma and psychological mechanisms in BDSM
Authors: Schuerwegen A. , Morrens M. , Wuyts E. , Huys W. , Goethals K. , De Zeeuw-Jans I. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe past years BDSM (an acronym for bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, and sadism and masochism) has gained a significant amount of attention and popularity in the general population, portraying an inaccurate image of BDSM and the people who share these interests. Yet despite this increasing popularity, only little empirical research has focused on this subject and it’s possible driving mechanisms so far, sustaining the existing misconceptions and stigma towards BDSM in general and BDSM practitioners in specific.ObjectivesWe aimed to gain more insights on understanding the underlying psychological mechanisms, such as sensation seeking and coping, in people who participate in BDSM-related activities, as well as into the factors which contribute to the existing stigma and discriminationMethodsIn a national survey study 256 Dutch-speaking BDSM-practitioners were compared to a matched sample of people from the general Belgian population (N = 300) who lack any interest in BDSM in two separate studies.ResultsAbout 86% of the general population maintained stigmatizing beliefs about these sexual interests and practices. In regard to sensation seeking and coping, compared to controls, BDSM practitioners reported signifcantly higher levels of sensation seeking for all dimensions, as well as the use of more active coping skills.ConclusionsPeople who do not conform to the current social standards of our society often seem to remain the subject of stigmatization and discrimination. Further research is needed to explore the psychological processes that drive BDSM interests in order to destigmatize and normalize consensual BDSM-related activities.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Causal determinants of complex PTSD in Syrian refugee children living in informal settlements in Lebanon
Authors: Biazoli C. , Pluess M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDisplaced refugee children with a history of war exposure are at risk of developing complex and severe forms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).ObjectivesSearch for the most relevant causal predictors of complex PTSD in a prospective cohort of Syrian refugee children living in informal settlements in Lebanon (N=1007).Methods
A latent class unsupervised analysis was carried out to determine clusters with complex PTSD presentation at the follow-up assessment. A new exploratory causal discovering modelling approach was applied using 97 multilevel psychosocial variables as predictors (Biazoli et al., 2021). Associations between discovered candidate causal factors assessed at baseline with a presumed diagnosis of complex PTSD one year later were calculated using a multiple logistic regression model.Results
Several putative causal factors emerged: perceived social coherence of the neighbourhood (Positive Predictive Value increase: 1.22); impulsivity (1.25), self-efficacy (1.23) and depressive symptoms (1.15) at the parental level; positive home experiences (1.16) at the family level; and child-level factors such as being forced to work (1.22), being a victim of verbal or physical bullying (1.19), loneliness (1.17) and well-being (1.18). In further confirmatory multiple logistic regression analysis and after correction for multiple comparisons, verbal or physical bullying victimization (p=.005) and caregiver depressive symptoms (p=.0004) at baseline were associated with complex PTSD presentations one year later.Conclusions
Our results support the need for a multi-level psychosocial care model to prevent psychological distress and promote mental health in refugee children. Specifically, our results suggest that programs tackling caregiver’s mental health and children’s exposure to violence might effectively prevent complex PTSD.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Addressing the sexual and reproductive health of women with Bipolar Disease
Authors: Vieira A. , Ramalheira F. , Caldas I. , Vidó I. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionBipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental illness (SMI) with an estimated lifetime prevalence of around 1%, starting in young adulthood and progressing with acute episodes. Although there is no significant prevalence difference between the sexes, the course of the disorder may be more problematic in women, due to hormonal and reproductive factors. Moreover, hypersexuality and impulsive sexual behaviour can manifest as part of a manic or hypomanic episodes, with devastating effects on the physical and emotional health of these patients.ObjectivesTo highlight the pertinent issues related to sexual and reproductive health of women with BD.MethodsA non systematic review of the literature from the last 10 years was carried out using the electronic databases, Pubmed and Google Scholar. The literature search was confined to papers written in English. The keywords ‘sexual health’, ‘reproductive health’, were combined with ‘bipolar disorder’ and ‘women’.ResultsThe literature points to an increased incidence of unsafe sexual practices (unprotected sex, multiple sexual partners, trading sex) as well as poor reproductive and sexual health (increased risk of sexually transmitted diseases, high risk of unwanted pregnancies and abortions, low use of contraceptives, menstrual and fertility problems). Female patients with BD are also more likely to report history of sexual abuse.ConclusionsAttention and counseling regarding effective contraception, planning a pregnancy and risk of sexually transmitted diseases, among others, should be an integral part of health care received by all women with bipolar disorder.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Psychological maltreatment and self-compassion - the mediating role of shame and perspective-taking
Authors: Vizin G. , Szőcs H. , Illyés Z. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPsychological maltreatment such as emotional abuse or neglect is a serious risk factor for poorer mental and somatic health outcomes in life. A higher rate of psychological maltreatment experienced in childhood is a predictor of aversive emotional states such as shame, and can negatively influence factors of mentalization such as perspective-taking capacity in adulthood. However, emotional abuse or neglect are also negative predictors of self-compassion.ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was to test two mediating models. We hypothesized, that reduced perspective-taking capacity, as well as higher levels of shame due to psychological maltreatment can be causally linked to lower levels of self-compassion.MethodsWe collected data from 120 healthy subjects (mean age=29.46, SD = 7.55) from Hungary We used Experience of Shame Scale, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, Childhood Trauma Scale, and the Self-Compassion Scale in our cross-sectional questionnaire study.ResultsPsychological maltreatment is a significant negative predictor of self-compassion (b=-0,712; p<0.05), and shame seems to play a mediating role in this relationship (effect size= 0.231; p<0.05). Psychological maltreatment was not a statistically significant predictor of perspective-taking.ConclusionsOur results highlight that shame has a central role between childhood traumatization and psychological well-being. In the case of early emotional maltreatment we have to focus on shame for higher levels of self-compassion and effective healing in psychotherapy.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Coping strategies towards mobbing used by medical and nursing staff in the hospitals of the prefecture of Etoloakarnania, Greece
Authors: Theodoratou M. , Fasoulas A. , Farmakopoulou I. , Flora K. , Tsitsas G. , Kougioumtzis G. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe aim of this study is to investigate mobbing in the Hospitals of Etoloakarnania, Greece. Additionally, this research aims to find out which coping strategies are used by health care professionals who have suffered mobbing and how their quality of life has been affected.ObjectivesThis research aims to depict mobbing phenomenon’s extent and investigate the coping strategies and quality of life of working staff, victims of mobbing.MethodsThe research methodology was based on two questionnaires: LIPT scale and the scale of assessing bullying management strategies, as well as demographic data, which were answered by 130 people. A sufficient sample for the needs of this study to produce comparable results with the existing literature.ResultsMobbing is observed to a large extent of 83.8% , which, however, seems to be at lower levels in relation to corresponding researches abroad. In addition, the majority of respondents who appear to have been harassed at work are mostly women (78.5%), which seems to be in line with global studies. Τhe consultants and the supervisors take advantage of their position of power and impose or change duties on other staff (45.3%), in order to punish their subordinates, exacerbating the phenomenon of mobbing, also. Finally, the participants recognize the phenomenon and look for the majority of positive ways of action (65%), while they do not resort to non-constructive ways of solving the problem.ConclusionsMobbing is a serious phenomenon that affects working staff’s mental health and quality of life. Policies should address effectively this deleterious aggressive behaviour.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Obsessive-compulsive Symptoms in Dementia : Scooping Review of Neurobiological and Cognitive Underpinnings
Authors: Martinho F. , Ferreira T. , Magalhães D. , Felício R. , Godinho F. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) have been described in many neurological disorders, including dementia. A meta-analysis by the authors (2021) reported a prevalence of OCS in dementia of approx. 35.8%, and a higher percentage in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (46.7%). The literature also points that obsessive-compulsive disorder with late-life onset is rare, but those cases are frequently associated with neurologic injury, and some authors suggest a role of cognitive disfunction.ObjectivesOur main goal was to describe the neurobiologic and cognitive underpinnings of OCS in patients with dementia.Methods
MEDLINE, CENTRAL and PsycNet databases were searched for articles about obsessive-compulsive symptoms in dementia. Search terms included “obsessive”, “compulsive”, “OCD”, “cognitive decline”, “cognitive dysfunction” and “dementia”. Titles, abstracts and full texts were screened independently by 2 reviewers.Results
Correlations between dysfunction / lesions in various circuits in the context of dementia and OCS were found, such as (1) frontal regions (specially the orbitofrontal cortex) and anterior cingulate cortex (2) fronto-striatal-thalamic circuits (3) temporal structures; (4) cerebellar structures; (5) serotoninergic, dopaminergic, and cholinergic neurotransmission. A high proportion of studies concerned FTD. Regarding cognitive mechanisms, there is a focus on the importance subjective concerns about cognitive functioning, which could exacerbate obsessional beliefs and maladaptive responses to intrusions.ConclusionsThe main brain circuits implicated in dementia, specially FTD, and OCS are those involving frontal regions and the fronto-striatal-thalamic circuits, with areas such as the temporal and cerebellar structures algo being studied. The correlation between dysfunctional circuits in dementia and OCS could give us new hints about OCD and its treatment.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The potentially protective effect of lithium on the risk of osteoporosis: A nationwide study of 22,912 patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Østergaard S.D. , Köhler-Forsberg O. , Rohde C. , Nierenberg A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionOsteoporosis, a systemic skeletal disorder associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, has been suggested to be particularly common among individuals with bipolar disorder. Lithium, a mood-stabilizer used as first-line treatment for bipolar disorder, may have bone-protecting properties.ObjectivesWe aimed to subject both of these hypotheses to further examination in a nationwide register-based study.MethodsWe compared the incidence of osteoporosis, identified via hospital discharge diagnoses and prescribed medications, between all individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder and age- and sex-matched controls from the general population (earliest start of follow-up at the age of 40 years) using Cox regression. Subsequently, we followed the patients with bipolar disorder and identified all prescriptions for mood-stabilizing medications. Using Cox regression, we compared the incidence of osteoporosis for patients using lithium, antipsychotics or anticonvulsants, respectively, with that of patients not using these medications.ResultsWe followed 22,912 patients with bipolar disorder (median age 50.4 years, 43.4% men) and 114,560 matched controls for 1,215,698 person-years. The incidence of osteoporosis per 1,000 person-years was 8.70 (95%CI:8.28-9.14) among patients with bipolar disorder and 7.84 (95%CI:7.67-8.01) among controls, resulting in a hazard rate ratio (HRR) of 1.15 (95%CI:1.09-1.21). Lithium treatment was associated with reduced risk of osteoporosis (HRR=0.62; 95%CI:0.53-0.72) in a treatment-duration-response-like manner. Treatment with antipsychotics and anticonvulsants was not associated with reduced risk of osteoporosis.ConclusionsThis is the first longitudinal study to show that the risk of osteoporosis is elevated among patients with bipolar disorder, and that treatment with lithium is associated with reduced risk of osteoporosis.DisclosureDr. Østergaard has received the 2020 Lundbeck Foundation Young Investigator Prize. Furthermore, SDØ owns units of mutual funds with stock tickers DKIGI, DKIDKIX, MAJGRO, NBIDE, SPIC20CAPK, SPVILRKL and WEKAFKI.