bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mineral Waste, Recycling and Rehabilitation of their Disposal Areas
Authors: Thanas Jorgaq , Bode Aida , Mati Sokol 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article gives an overview of solid waste and tailing generated by the mining activity over the years in Albania. It presents the geographical distribution of the disposal areas giving a quantitative and qualitative assessment of this waste. It reveals that the best approach to deal with mining waste is their recycling to recover lost mineral products deposited in the mining waste and tailing dam. This loss is due to the type of technology used over the years in mines and to the low efficiency of the processing equipment; nonetheless, the new treatment methods can represent a great potential for the recycling industries in the mining activity. At the same time the rehabilitation of the disposal areas is of great importance.
Digital competence development in a few countries of the European Union
Authors: Juhász Tímea , Kálmán Botond , Tóth Arnold , Horváth Annamária 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The first computers were made as early as in the 20th century, but the rapid development of digitalisation took place in the 21st century. Nowadays, Industry 4.0 has created a network connection between man and machines. Without computers and the Internet, the world is unthinkable. Digitalisation is pervading every part of our lives. Whether at work or in our leisure activities, digitalisation and the use of digital tools are present. The digital revolution was started by computers and is now an indispensable our lives, for example with the internet, mobile phones, cloud solutions and self-driving cars. It's no coincidence that digital competence is no longer an expectation, but an obligation for employers and employees alike. Several studies have undertaken to define digital skills; however, we can talk about a rather complex competence. The current study examines the question in the dimension of the European Union from a multitude of aspects. The authors use the DESI index and EU statistics on this topic to find correlations between digital potential, use of tools and the exploitation of opportunities offered by digitalisation in thirteen countries. The authors primarily examined the impact of the level of digital infrastructure and the frequency of Internet use on digital skills. It is outlined from statistics that Scandinavian countries have a leading role in the digital competition. Nevertheless, our results throw light on the individual level that digital skills forcefully improve during browsing on the internet, and practical activities have a significant role in development, which the authors named PMP.
Patterns of the Parliamentary Debates: How Deliberative are Turkish Democratic Opening Debates?
Authors: Akgül Çiğdem Görgün , Akgül Musa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study attempts to measure the deliberation quality of the Democratic Opening Debates in the Turkish Parliament through the Discourse Quality Index (DQI). The majority of studies have been conducted on the deliberation quality of relatively homogenised and developed Western societies and on less conflictual or contentious topics. In these countries, democratic culture has been institutionalised. On the contrary, Turkey is a developing country and has been going through an ethnic conflict involving violence for many decades. Thus, this case study aims to make an original contribution to empirical deliberation studies. Researchers have examined the 88-page stenographic records of the Democratic Opening Debates and put forward a DQI score. According to the findings, the controversial debates fulfill only 40% of high-level deliberative discourse ethics. This result demonstrates that the ideal deliberation process does not exist in Turkey even though a convenient atmosphere is created for deliberations by means of official procedures. Ethnic division in the society has a profoundly negative impact on the quality of deliberations.
Specialization Versus Diversification as Alternative Strategies for Sustainable Growth in Resource-Rich Developing Countries. Case of Nigeria
Authors: Young Ademola Obafemi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The question of whether developing countries should pursue specialization or diversification in export as a driver of sustainable economic growth has been a subject of an intense debate in economic literature. At present, one understanding of the debate, as postulated by Imbs and Wacziarg (2003), is that economies grow through two stages of diversification and concentration as income grows: they initially diversify but re-specialize once a (relatively) high level of income per capita is attained. A U-shaped curve best explains the notion. With Nigeria as a reference country, we employed ARDL procedure and examined the aforementioned exposition over the period 1960-2019. Specifically, the non-monotonic relationship between diversification and growth is examined. In furtherance, we examined the impact of diversification on the effect of non-oil exports on growth. Employing an augmented production-function framework and two distinct measures of diversification, we find, contrary to the Imbs-Wacziarg notion, a monotonic (increasing) relationship between diversification and growth, suggesting that diversification, rather than specialization, continues with growth. Applying a similar framework and five different measures of non-oil exports, we find that the impact of diversification on the effects of agricultural and industrial sectors on growth is higher, as compared to building and construction, wholesale and retail, services sectors.
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Slabs
Authors: Mahmood K. S. , Abdul-Razzak A. A. , Kasim M. K. 
Published: July 2022

In this study the nonlinear transient dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete slabs using the finite element method is presented. Eight-node Serendipity degenerated elements have been employed. This element is based on isoparametric principles with modifications, which relax excessive constraints. The modifications include reduced order integration to overcome the shear locking. A layered approach is adopted to discretize the concrete through the thickness. Both an elastic-perfectly plastic and strain hardening plasticity approaches have been employed to model the compressive behavior of the concrete. A tensile strength criterion is used to initiation of crack and a smeared fixed crack approach is used to model the behavior of the cracked concrete. Tension stiffening in concrete is assumed such that the concrete can take some tension after cracking. Implicit Newmark with corrector-predictor algorithm is employed for time integration of the equation of motion. Several examples are analyzed using the proposed model. The numerical results showed good agreement with other sources.
Propellant Surface Evolution of a Coaxial Pulsed Plasma Thruster
Authors: Huang Tiankun , Wu Zhiwen , Nie Junrui , Hu Tianyi , Hou Weijie 
Published: July 2022

Coaxial pulsed plasma thrusters are suitable for small satellites. In such thrusters, the discharge is radially nonuniform, which leads to an ablation nonuniformity that causes variations in the propellant surface. This paper describes a study of the propellant profile and ablated mass bit (i.e., mass ablated from the propellant in each discharge) of a coaxial pulsed plasma thruster over 100,000 discharges. The results show that the ablated mass bit of the thruster increases initially before becoming confine within a certain range. The ablated mass bit is less than [Formula: see text] over the first 2000 discharges, and then stabilizes at [Formula: see text] when the number of discharges exceeds 5000. In addition, the propellant profile changes over the 100,000 discharges, and the maximal concave depth remains less than 3 mm. Visual observations show that the area of carbon deposition is relatively large at a low discharge number. The propellant ablation area is an important factor in the ablated mass bit, because its variation is similar to that of the ablated mass bit during the continuous discharge process.
O lamento em luto nos poemas consolatórios latinos: o caso das Siluae de Estácio
Authors: Modesto Murilo Tavares 
Published: July 2022

O presente artigo tem por objetivo compreender como as representações do lamento em luto na poesia das Siluae de Estácio (c. 45 – 96 EC) estavam de acordo com a tradição consolatória da poesia latina e com os interesses de seu grupo de leitores. Para tanto, selecionamos quatro poemas como fontes principais: as Siluae 2.1, 2.6, 3.3 e 5.1. Apresentamos, primeiro, alguns poemas consolatórios da literatura latina e a retórica poética por uma livre expressão do luto, também comparando essa tradição com a abordagem filosófica sobre a restrição do lamento. Em seguida, analisamos a representação de lamentos nos poemas selecionados das Siluae e propomos uma investigação sobre como Estácio buscava atender possíveis interesses dos destinatários com essas representações. Por fim, indicamos que, na luta de representações da literatura latina em torno do lamento em luto, as consolações de Estácio abordaram a retórica poética sobre a livre expressão do luto como uma forma de destacar e elogiar seus destinatários interessados em literatura.
Paradigme, syntagme et changement morphologique. A propos de formes casuelles analogiques dans les langues classiques
Authors: Sandoz Claude 
Published: July 2022

Dans les noms thématiques des langues classiques, le paradigme du pluriel renferme des formes analogiques: le nominatif en grec et en latin, le génitif en latin. Leur histoire est plus complexe que ne l'admet l'enseignement traditionnel. Si, comme on le pense, le nominatif pl. se conforme au modèle pronominal, pour autant l'analogie ne s'exerce pas directement du pronom au nom, mais par l'intermédiaire de l'adjectif. De même, l'adjectif sert de relais dans la "pronominalisation" du génitif pl. Cette médiation se déduit d'indices internes et de la comparaison avec les langues germaniques. Une troisième forme casuelle analogique se rencontre occasionnellement au datif-ablatif pl. des noms latins en -ā-. Non totalement étrangère au pronom et à l'adjectif, cette innovation concerne d'abord une classe de substantifs et ne se conçoit que dans un contexte particulier.
Demography vs. Legitimacy: Current Issues in Swiss Language Policy
Authors: Berthele Raphael 
Published: July 2022

This paper discusses current language policy debates on national and immigrated lang ages in Switzerland. Problems with the principle of territoriality, which represents a locally monolingual regime in an officially quadrilingual country, and other issues related to the legal status of languages are discussed. The proportional representation of the national minorities and the use of their languages in particular contexts such as the federal administration or the army is discussed, as well as the current debate on which foreign languages should be given priority in compulsory primary education. Drawing on language ideology research, the contribution shows how specific aspects of linguistic diversity are focused and addressed in particular contexts (e.g. national languages, standard languages), whereas others are backgrounded, denied legitimacy or simply erased (e.g. immigrated languages, dialects). The discussion addresses also the demographic weight of the languages and varieties in Switzerland as well as in the world and uses census data to illustrate the stability and changes regarding the official and immigrated languages across time.
English in the Workplace in Switzerland between Ideologies and Practices
Authors: Lüdi Georges 
Published: July 2022

A widely shared opinion states that English in its international form is particularly suited for the economy. Consequently, a shift from national languages to English as corporate language has been observed in many countries. However, this choice is not based on the results of scientific research, but rather on ideologies. In many cases, the real practices can differ quite significantly from what people think and/or tell they do. This calls for empirical research. In this paper, we will analyse the demolinguistic situation of Switzerland with a special focus on English at work, have a look at the public debate about English and national languages at school and acknowledge the actual linguistic practices in several types of economic environments, in order to answer the question w ether English and/or any other language dominates communication at work in Switzerland.
La marche des siècles: R.O. Šor et V.N. Vološinov, deux approches de la linguistique des Lumières1
Authors: Sériot Patrick 
Published: July 2022

La philosophie du langage de l’époque des Lumières a suscité des approches diver- gentes dans la linguistique soviétique des années 1920-1930. C’est le problème du signe, du social et du rapport entre langue et pensée qui est en jeu. La comparaison entre deux figures marquantes de cette époque, R.O. Šor et V.N. Vološinov, permet de mettre en évidence deux façons antithétiques de définir l’objet propre de la linguistique sociale: soit le signe est la condition du social comme supra-individuel, soit il est a compte du social comme inter- individuel.
Delayed Premieres
Authors: Амрахова А.А. , Векслер Ю.С. , Вустин А.К. , Караев Ф.К. , Кириллина Л.В. , Савенко С.И. , Уманский К.А. 
Published: July 2022

Темой для обсуждения ведущих музыковедов-историков С. И. Савенко, Л. В. Кириллиной, Ю. С. Векслер стал феномен «отсроченных премьер» в мировой культуре, когда произведение впервые представляется публике значительно позже времени окончания работы над ним. Проблема рассматривается в широком культурологическом аспекте, так как подобное переосмысление культурных событий при попадании их в иную историческую среду — явление достаточно распространенное.Композиторы К. А. Уманский и Ф. К. Караев обсуждают видоизменения в произведениях, которые происходят при авторском обращении к своим опусам по прошествии какого-то времени. В своих высказываниях композиторы раскрывают тонкости содержательных и образных переосмыслений.Завершает виртуальный круглый стол развернутое интервью с А. К. Вустиным, посвященное его опере «Влюблённый дьявол» (1989), которая впервые была поставлена в Московском академическом музыкальном театре имени К. С. Станиславского и Вл. И. Немировича-Данченко спустя 30 лет после ее написания (2019, режиссер — А. Б. Титель, дирижер — В. М. Юровский).
The topic for discussion of the leading musicologists-historians S. I. Savenko, L. V. Kirillina, Yu. S. Veksler was the phenomenon of “delayed premieres” in world culture, when the opus was first presented to the public much later than the time of the end of work on it. The problem is considered in a broad cultural aspect, since such a reinterpretation of cultural events when they fall into a different historical environment is a fairly common phenomenon.Composers K. A. Umansky and F. K. Karayev discuss modifications in works that occur when the author returns to their opuses after some time. In their statements, the composers reveal the subtleties of reinterpretations concerning the content and image.The virtual round table concludes with a detailed interview with A. K. Vustin, dedicated to his Opera “The Devil in Love” (1989), which was first staged at the Stanislavski and Nemirovich-Danchenko Moscow Academic Music Theater 30 years after its writing (2019, directed by A. B. Titel, conducted by V. M. Jurowski).
Difficulties in comparing tempos and a new approach to their measurement
Authors: Чехович Д.О. 
Published: July 2022

Восприятие темпов парадоксально: одна и та же скорость исполнения может восприниматься как разные темпы, а относительно меньшую скорость слушатель оценивает как «особенно быстрый темп» (Ф. Вейнгартнер). На пути решения «парадокса Вейнгартнера — Штеглиха» рассматривается многообразие музыкальных шкал, существенных для восприятия ритмической энергии. Новоевропейский темп неразрывно связан с тактовой ритмикой. Специфика последней — активная роль зрительного восприятия, при посредстве которого нотные знаки (длительности) из обозначений отрезков времени превращаются в маркеры уровней акцентной структуры. Каждый знак имеет свой «вес», и в живом исполнении ритмические «массы» передаются слушателю. Темп европейской композиции XVIII–XIX веков, по определению М. Г. Харлапа, есть «количество движения» — «произведение скорости на массу». В статье предлагается авторская методика «взвешивания» счетных единиц, благодаря которой темпы выстраиваются по 20-балльной шкале.
Perception of the tempos is paradoxical: the same speed of the performance can be perceived as different tempos, and the hearer evaluates the relatively slower speed as “especially fast tempo” (F. Weingartner). A possible solution of the “Weingartner – Steglich paradox” may be a variety of musical scales, essential for the perception of rhythmic energy. The new European tempo is inseparately linked with the accented meter (German: ‘akzentuierende Metrik’). The peculiarity of the latter is the active role of visual perception, with the help of which notation signs (durations) turn from symbols of time intervals into markers of levels of accent structure. Each sign has its own “weight”, and the rhythmic masses are transmitted to the hearer in a live performance. The tempo of the European composition of the 18th and 19th centuries is the “kinetic momentum” (as defined by Miron Kharlap) — “the product of velocity and mass”. This article offers the author’s method of “weighing” of beats that allows to arrange the tempos on a 20-point scale.
From Heroic Epic Olonkho — to Opera and Film Music (the Stages of Development of the Music of Yakut Composers)
Authors: Добжанская О.Э. 
Published: July 2022

В статье рассматривается роль национальной музыкальной культуры саха в формировании и развитии академической музыки Якутии в XX – XXI веках, предлагается периодизация якутской композиторской музыки, прослеживается связь между народной и композиторской музыкой на всех этапах развития последней. Особо акцентирован подготовительный этап (1930-е – середина 1940-х годов), когда благодаря деятельности профессионалов устной традиции происходит передача ценностей фольклорного музыкального творчества саха письменной композиторской культуре.Процесс развития композиторской музыки разделяется на 4 этапа, каждый из которых обобщенно охарактеризован с точки зрения взаимодействия академической музыки с фольклорными традициями. В каждом этапе называются композиторы, основные жанры, произведения, выявляются связанные с фольклором стилевые черты академической музыки.
The article considers the role of the national musical culture of Sakha in the formation and development of classical music of Yakutia in the 20th – 21st centuries. The author offers the periodization of the Yakut composers' music, traces the connections between folk music and classical music at all stages of development. A special attention is paid to the preparatory phase (1930s — mid 1940s), within which the values of Sakha musical folklore were transmitted to the classical musical culture.The development process of Yakut classical music is divided into 4 stages, each of which is generally characterized from the point of view of the interaction of classical music with folk traditions. The author designates composers, major genres and works of each stage, identifies the main stylistic features of classical music, associated with the folklore.
Old Russian Singing Terminology in the Special Course “History of Russian Music of the 11th – 18thCenturies” at Moscow State Tchaikovsky Conservatory
Authors: Гурьева Н.В. , Тюрина О.В. 
Published: July 2022

Курс «История русской музыки XI – XVIII веков» читается студентам‑музыковедам на втором курсе Московской консерватории. В курсе используется множество специфических терминов, относящихся к типологии песнопений, богослужебным книгам, палеографии рукописей, древнерусской знаменной и византийской невменной нотациям, ладовой и формульной системе. Лучшему освоению незнакомой терминологии помогают дополнительные материалы, таблицы и схемы. В примерах к статье представлены некоторые из них.
The course “History of Russian Music of the 11th – 18th centuries” is taught to the students of musicology at the second year of their studying at the Moscow Conservatory. The course uses many specific terms referring to the genre system of liturgical chants, liturgical books, paleography of manuscripts, Old Russian ‘znamenny’ notation and Middle Byzantine notation, the modal system and the melodic formulas. Better mastering of unfamiliar terminology is helped by additional materials, charts and diagrams. In the examples to the article some of them are presented.
Modern Chinese opera (late XX – early XXI centuries) and “The First Emperor” by Tan Dun
Authors: Юнусова В.Н. , Дин Ж. 
Published: July 2022

В статье рассматриваются тенденции современного китайского академического и традиционного музыкального театра (пекинской оперы), их отражение в опере Тань Дуня «Первый император», отмечается связь с такими течениями, как постмодернизм и авангардизм, особое внимание уделяется ритуалу как основе музыкального театра Тань Дуня, синтезу традиционного китайского и западного оперного театра в его опере на уровне жанра, музыкального языка, инструментария и техник композиции.
The article examines the trends of modern Chinese academic and traditional musical theater (Beijing Opera), their reflection in Tan Dun's opera “The First Emperor”, the connection with such movements as postmodernism and avant-garde. Particular attention is paid to the ritual as the basis of the Tan Dun Musical Theater, the synthesis of the traditional Chinese and Western Opera House in its opera at the level of genre, musical language, instrumentation and composition techniques.
The Artistic World of Maurice Maeterlinck’s drama “Ariane et Barbe-Bleue” in view of Paul Dukas: The Composer’s Work on the Playwright’s Text
Authors: Шуткова М.С. 
Published: July 2022

Статья посвящена опере Поля Дюка (1865 – 1935) «Ариана и Синяя Борода» — единственному произведению французского композитора в данном жанре. В статье рассматривается история создания оперы (она становится неотъемлемой частью социально-политической обстановки Франции рубежа XIX – XX веков); также описан процесс работы Дюка над текстом либретто, в качестве которого выступила одноименная пьеса бельгийского драматурга М. Метерлинка: композитор в соответствии со своими представлениями о характере главной героини вносит коррективы в оригинальный текст. Однако мотивацией для изменений вербального компонента служат задачи уже музыкального порядка: Дюка старается как добиться удобства при вокализации, например, меняя слова местами, так и уравновесить форму оперного целого, добавляя новые фрагменты в оригинальный текст.The article covers the issues concerning Paul Dukas’s opera “Ariane et Barbe-Bleue” that happened to be the only operatic project in composer’s oeuvre. The history of the creation of the opera (it was firmly fitted into socio-political context of fin-de-siècle France) is taken under consideration as well as the process of Dukas’ work on the text of the libretto, which was presented by the play of the same name by the Belgian playwright M. Maeterlinck: the composer, in accordance with his ideas about the character of the main character, makes text changes of the original literary source. However, modifications of the verbal component seem to be driven by musical purposes themselves: Dukas tries both to achieve a comfortable singing by changing, in particular, the words in places, and to balance the whole composition by adding new fragments to the original text.