bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salivary Cortisol and Sustained Auditory Attention in Children with and without Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Fernandes Viviane Mendes , Mondelli Maria Fernanda Capoani Garcia , José Maria Renata , Gomide Márcia Ribeiro , Lauris José Roberto Pereira , Feniman Mariza Ribeiro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction Cortisol is a hormone involved in the response to stress. Attention is a function that can change due to exposure to stress.
Objectives To verify the correlation between the level of salivary cortisol and sustained auditory attention in children with cleft lip and palate, as well as to compare the results of the variables analyzed between female and male patients.
Methods In total, 103 children aged 6 to 11 years, were divided into 2 groups: those with cleft lip and palate (experimental group, EG; n = 69) and the control group (CG; n = 34). The Sustained Auditory Attention Ability Test (SAAAT) and salivary cortisol levels, measured by an enzyme immunoassay kit (Salimetrics, Stage College, PA, US), were calculated and compared regarding the two groups. The statistical tests used were the Mann-Whitney test and the Spearman correlation.
Results The median level of salivary cortisol was of 0.03615 µl/dL and 0.18000 µl/dL respectively for the EG and CG, with a significant difference between the groups (p = 0.000). Absence of statistical significance (total error score = 0.656; vigilance decrement = 0.051) was observed the for SAAAT among the EG (median total error score = 12.00; 25th percentile [25%] = 7.00; 75th percentile [75%] = 21.00; and vigilance decrement = 1.00; 25% = 0.00; 75% = 2.50) and the CG (median total error score = 12.00; 25% = 6.00; 75% = 24.00; and vigilance decrement = 0.00; 25% = -1.00; 75% = 2.00).
Conclusion All children had median levels of salivary cortisol and scores for sustained auditory attention within normal parameters. A significant correlation between the level of salivary cortisol and the ability to sustain auditory attention was observed in children without cleft lip and palate. There were no differences regarding the SAAAT and salivary cortisol between female and male patients.
Meditative and Mindfulness-Focused Interventions in Neurology: Principles, Science, and Patient Selection
Authors: Kraemer Kristen M. , Jain Felipe A. , Mehta Darshan H. , Fricchione Gregory L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA growing body of research suggests that meditative- and mindfulness-focused interventions may improve neuropsychiatric symptoms that commonly occur in a range of neurological disorders. In this article, the principles of meditation and mindfulness are first defined, as well as briefly describing the neurobiological mechanisms implicated in these interventions. Thereafter, a range of meditative- and mindfulness-focused interventions are detailed, along with their supporting evidence to treat neuropsychiatric symptoms in neurological conditions (e.g., headache, movement disorders, chronic pain, etc.). Overall, these interventions warrant further investigation among individuals with neurological conditions. When recommending these interventions, health care professionals must consider a combination of structural (e.g., insurance reimbursement) and patient factors (e.g., ability to tolerate a group setting).
The game of goodwill: an exploratory study of discursive goodwill strategies of interest organizations in a consensus democracy
Authors: Ihlen Øyvind , Raknes Ketil 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn consensus democracies, interest organizations are likely to pursue their goals by attempting to creategoodwillto strengthen their relationships with politicians. Through an exploratory analysis based on interviews with representatives from 58 organizations, a typology of seven strategies for such goodwill is suggested: Lobbyists will convey an understanding of the politician’s professional needs, while also recognizing constraints for what is possible to achieve. Several interviewees maintained that they avoided coming across as self-centered. Instead, they would be on the lookout for the politician’s interests, express empathy, provide public recognition of the politicians when ‘deserved,’ and they would keep a friendly and respectful tone. The first two of these strategies—emphasizing professional needs and recognizing constraints—were mentioned most frequently. The NGOs in the sample pointed to constraints more often than the other organization types, while the work-life organizations stated the importance of understanding professional needs the most. The use of such strategies increased with the level of organizational resources.
Pragmatic manipulation of metapragmatic expressions in BELF meetings
Authors: Liu Ping , Liu Huiying 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article explores the function of metapragmatic expressions (MPEs) as pragmatic manipulation during Business English as a lingua franca (BELF) meetings within the framework of the socio-cognitive approach (SCA), with special attention to how MPEs in the chair’s utterances reveal their way of using institutional power to accomplish communicative tasks. Drawing on data from three BELF meetings from the Vienna-Oxford International Corpus of English, four types of MPEs are identified in the chair’s utterances. Their pragmatic manipulation is examined in three dimensions: information-oriented, procedure-oriented, and interpersonal relationship-oriented. Data analysis reveals that MPEs are intended to activate shared senses (e.g., shared experiences, mutual knowledge, and common interests) and current senses (e.g., personal judgments, evaluations, and opinions). The activation of these senses supports the creation of emergent common ground to control and shape ongoing interactions, which leads towards task accomplishment. The findings shed light on English language teaching and professional training.
The multilingual turn in pragmatics
Authors: Martín-Laguna Sofía 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the Valencian Community in Spain, the coexistence of Spanish and Catalan as co-official languages and English as a foreign language, which is learned as a third language (L3), shapes a unique multilingual setting. This study examined the extent to which multilingual learners’ use of two interpersonal pragmatic markers (PMs), i.e., hedges (e.g.,I believe) and attitude markers (e.g.,fortunately), is related across languages and whether the relationship changes over time. Participants were 313 Spanish-Catalan bilingual high school learners of L3 English. They wrote three opinion essays over one academic year in the three languages of instruction: Spanish, Catalan, and English. Quantitative results revealed a trend towards stronger correlations over time in both PMs. At Time 3, correlations were statistically significant for all language pairs in hedges and for two language pairs in attitude markers (Spanish and Catalan, Spanish and English). Qualitative analyses of the learners’ essays lend support to these results and show transfer at the phrase and discourse-level.
Investigating the influence of physical activity composition on arterial stiffness in youth
Authors: Marshall Zoë A. , Mackintosh Kelly A. , McNarry Melitta A. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTPhysical activity is beneficial for arterial health in children but less is known about how all daily movement behaviours influence arterial stiffening. Compositional analysis can account for the co‐dependent nature of these behaviours and therefore was employed to explore how the movement composition influences arterial health. Augmentation index (AIx) and pulse wave velocity were measured cross‐sectionally in healthy children (n = 129; 12.4 ± 1.6 years). Time spent in sedentary, light physical activity (LPA), moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and asleep were derived from seven‐day hip‐worn accelerometry. The relative effects of individual behaviours and the overall movement composition on arterial stiffness were explored utilising compositional analysis, with predictive modelling used to predict effects of the substituting time between behaviours. Girls (n = 45, 12.1 ± 1.5yrs, 20.5 ± 3.6kg·m−2) had a higher AIx (+ 3.94; p < 0.05) and accrued physical activity predominantly in LPA, whereas boys (n = 56, 12.6 ± 1.7yrs, 20.6 ± 4.0kg·m‐2) accrued physical activity predominantly in MVPA. Individual behaviours and the movement composition were not significant predictors of any measure of arterial stiffness (P > 0.05), and the reallocation of 20‐minutes between behaviours did not elicit significant change in arterial stiffness, irrespective of sex (P > 0.05). The reallocation of time to MVPA from any other behaviour did not predict an improvement in arterial stiffness. This highlights the high potential dose of MVPA required to improve arterial health and the complex nature of the determinants of arterial stiffness.Highlights
Movement behaviours in isolation nor combination predicted arterial stiffness in youth.
The reallocation of behaviours from any other behaviour to MVPA did not affect arterial stiffness in youth.
Arterial stiffness is a complex, multidimensional health parameter that does not appear to be primarily determined by physical activity levels or intensity.
Criticism’s Contexts
Authors: Kindley Evan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Professional book reviewing in the US dates to the “golden age of periodicals” in the mid-nineteenth century, but it has recently been in decline, along with the newspaper and magazine publishing industry in general. This has transformed the microdynamics of critical culture in the US, altering relationships between professional book critics, freelance reviewers, amateur consumer-reviewers online, and academic experts. In a review of two books, the author argues that the work of criticism involves not only distinctions about works of art and the forms they take, but distinctions about other forms of criticism as well.
The work of criticism involves not only distinctions about works of art and the forms they take but distinctions about other forms of criticism as well. One way or another, critics are always marking the boundaries.
Are chromosome number and genome size associated with habit and environmental niche variables? Insights from the Neotropical orchids
Authors: Moraes Ana Paula , Engel Thaissa Brogliato Junqueira , Forni-Martins Eliana R , de Barros Fábio , Felix Leonardo P , Cabral Juliano Sarmento 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe entangled relationship of chromosome number and genome size with species distribution has been the subject of study for almost a century, but remains an open question due to previous ecological and phylogenetic knowledge constraints. To better address this subject, we used the clade Maxillariinae, a widely distributed and karyotypically known orchid group, as a model system to infer such relationships in a robust methodological framework.MethodsBased on the literature and new data, we gathered the chromosome number and genome size for 93 and 64 species, respectively. We built a phylogenetic hypothesis and assessed the best macroevolutionary model for both genomic traits. Additionally, we collected together ecological data (preferences for bioclimatic variables, elevation and habit) used as explanatory variables in multivariate phylogenetic models explaining genomic traits. Finally, the impact of polyploidy was estimated by running the analyses with and without polyploids in the sample.Key ResultsThe association between genomic and ecological data varied depending on whether polyploids were considered or not. Without polyploids, chromosome number failed to present consistent associations with ecological variables. With polyploids, there was a tendency to waive epiphytism and colonize new habitats outside humid forests. The genome size showed association with ecological variables: without polyploids, genome increase was associated with flexible habits, with higher elevation and with drier summers; with polyploids, genome size increase was associated with colonizing drier environments.ConclusionsThe chromosome number and genome size variations, essential but neglected traits in the ecological niche, are shaped in the Maxillariinae by both neutral and adaptive evolution. Both genomic traits are partially correlated to bioclimatic variables and elevation, even when controlling for phylogenetic constraints. While polyploidy was associated with shifts in the environmental niche, the genome size emerges as a central trait in orchid evolution by the association between small genome size and epiphytism, a key innovation to Neotropical orchid diversification.
Safety and Effectiveness of Single Session Mega Volume Fat Grafting for Breast Augmentation: A Space-Creating Concept and Clinical Experiences
Authors: Hsiao Cheng-Wei , Zavala Abraham , Shiau Jun-Ping , Hsiao Kae-Yi , Hsiao Ya-Wen , Hsieh Hsi-Yen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe main drawback of fat transfer breast augmentation is the need for multiple sessions of fat injection. For approximately 15 years, stem cells and the Brava device for breast expansion have been discussed and extensively investigated to address relevant challenges. However, the safety and effectiveness of autologous fat transfer as a single-session primary breast augmentation technique has not yet been standardized.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to achieve mega volume fat breast augmentation in a single session by developing a “space-creating” approach that emphasizes the use of highly purified fat to achieve an optimized surgical outcome with large-volume breast augmentation.MethodsFemale patients who underwent aesthetic breast augmentation (October 2013-October 2020) involving the application of this space-creating technique for mega volume autologous fat transfer were retrospectively enrolled. Inclusion criteria were patients with hypomastia, breast asymmetry, and volume replacement following implant removal with BMI ≥18.5 kg/m2. After macrospace creation, highly purified fat was injected in several rounds during the procedure. A breast massage was performed between each stage (microspace creation). Breast circumference, nipple–inframammary fold distance, and cup size were recorded during 6 months of follow-up.ResultsThree hundred fifty-eight patients met the inclusion criteria. Average fat injection volumes of 510.9 mL in the right breast and 490.8 mL in the left breast resulted in at least a 2 cup size increase. The significant outcome remained stable at 6 months after surgery.ConclusionsThe space-creating technique and the injection of highly purified fat achieves stable cosmetic outcomes of mega volume breast augmentation in a single session.Level of Evidence: 4
Validation of a deep learning algorithm identifying diagnostic quality cardiac ultrasound reference views during search phase
Authors: Moal O , Roger E , Reant P , Dezellus A , Tavernier M , Moal B , Lafitte S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): DESKi

Background
Transthoracic echocardiography requires long and demanding training. The use of deep learning algorithms for the identification of diagnostic quality reference views opens the way for assisting low-experienced operators.
However, such algorithms have only been trained and validated on retrospective data extracted from daily hospital practice. Those retrospective data are the best clips selected by experts during each exam. Thus, the performance of those algorithms has not been evaluated on complete acquisitions, including the search phase, i.e. when the operator is moving the probe to reach the optimal position. Those search phases are not recorded in clinical practice.

Purpose
The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a deep learning algorithm that identifies diagnostic quality images for 7 echocardiographic reference views on a prospective dataset including search phases.

Methods
A retrospective dataset containing acquisitions extracted from daily hospital practice was created. The retrospective dataset was manually annotated by experts following quality criteria that were defined for 7 main reference views: parasternal long and short axis, apical 4, 2, and 3-chamber, subcostal 4-chamber and inferior vena cava. Each frame of the acquisitions was annotated by an expert and reviewed by a second expert. A deep learning model was trained on the retrospective dataset and evaluated with 5-fold cross-validation.
In a prospective dataset, for each included patient and each reference view, operators recorded the entire acquisition, including the search phase. Acquisitions were manually annotated by 2 experts following the same quality criteria. The model trained on retrospective data was evaluated on this prospective dataset against manual experts’ annotations. Additionally, 3 experts annotated a subset of the prospective dataset to evaluate the inter-observer variability.

Results
481,111 frames from 1,325 patients were annotated for the retrospective dataset. On the 5-fold cross-validation, the algorithm reached an average accuracy of 89.2 ± 0.7% per frame and an average F1-score of 87.9 ± 0.9% per frame.
For the prospective dataset, 70 patients were included and 143,804 frames annotated. The average accuracy was 84.8 ± 5.0% per patient, and the average F1-score was 83.1 ± 8.7% per patient. The average inter-observer agreement rates, performed on 10 patients (23,390 frames), were between 82.8 ± 4.9% and 86.3 ± 6.2%.

Conclusions
We propose a deep learning algorithm that automatically identifies 7 of the most common reference views with diagnostic quality while achieving performance within the range of the inter-observer variability in acquisitions including search phases.
Explainable deep neural network for echocardiography view classification
Authors: Huang M , Lin WC , Chen YD , Hsiao TA , Liu PY , Tsai WC 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan

Background
Deep neural network may assist echocardiography interpretation in several tasks; however, the lack of expandability hindered its broader application since physicians couldn’t realize the rationale of interpretation clearly and comfortably.

Method
Retrospectively, we manually annotated 26,465 transthoracic echocardiography images into 29 classes for model development in 4:1 ratio as training and validation datasets. We added an autoencoder component into our model, adapted from capsule net, for view-classifying to deconvolute the feature maps of last layer as decoder for human interpretation. The performance of view classification was measured in accuracy and confusion matrix, and the interpretability of model were assessed by cardiologist.

Result
After appropriate model training, the accuracy of our model achieved averaged 98.2% for echocardiography view classification, ranged from lowest 80.0% in suprasternal view to 100% of several more common view in validation dataset. The successful deconvolution of feature map to reconstruct images showed essential independent components of echocardiography view and could be interpretated by cardiologist and clinical physicians.

Conclusion
With the use of autoencoder in model for echocardiography view classification showed maintainable good performance in accuracy and facilitated clinical interpretation to enhance its reliability. Abstract Figure. Model architecture and performance Abstract Figure. Example of explaniable deconvolution
Left atrial appendage structure predicts thromboembolic risk in 185 patients with crytogenic stroke/TIA without history of AF
Authors: Saberniak J , Skrebelyte-Strom L , Orstad EB , Solberg MG , Hilde JM , Ronning OM , Kjekshus H , Steine K 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Akerhus University Hospital Dept. of Cardiology

Background
Cryptogenic stroke/TIA (CS) is supposed to be associated with intracardiac thrombus formation and left atrial (LA) structure, in particular thrombus formation in left atrial appendage (LAA). However, there is little evidence if thromboembolic risk is associated with LAA morphology in patients with CS.

Purpose
We aimed to investigate, if different LAA morphology types may predict thromboembolic risk in patients with CS.

Methods
In this prospective study (mean follow-up 859 ± 226 days), 185 patients with CS (mean age 68 ±13 years, 33% female) without history of AF were included. All patients underwent complete transesophageal echocardiography in sinus rhythm after index CS (mean 5 ± 3days). Occurrence of LAA thrombus, sludge or spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) were defined as thromboembolic risk and LAA structure was evaluated by 2D and 3D transesophageal echocardiography. Multilobate LAA was defined as LAA with &gt; 1 lobes.

Results
Of the 185 included patients, LAA type chicken wing was found in 79 (43%), type windsock in 64 (35%), type cactus in 35 (19%) and type cauliflower in 7 (4%). Thrombus formation occurred in 29/185 (16%), LAA sludge in 112/185 (61%), and LAA SEC in 74/185 (40%), which is increased compared to data in the general population. We found SEC in sludge in 65/112 (58%), SEC in thrombus in 18/29 (62%) and sludge in thrombus in 27/29 (93%). SEC and sludge were significantly associated with thrombus formation, (p &lt; 0.001 and p &lt; 0.01, respectively). Finally, thromboembolic risk occurred in 123 (67%) of all patients with CS. Moreover, LAA type chicken wing was significantly associated with thromboembolic risk (p &lt; 0.01), while all other LAA types were not. Multilobate LAA occurred in 115 (62%) of all patients and predicted thromboembolic risk vs. non-lobated LAA (p= 0.04). In a multivariate analysis LAA type chicken wing and multilobate LAA were independently predictors of thromboembolic risk, figure 1.

Conclusions
Patients with cryptogenic stroke/TIA without history of AF showed increased thromboembolic risk, and SEC and sludge were significantly associated with LAA thrombus formation. Only LAA type chicken wing and multilobate LAA predicted independently thromboembolic risk in this study. Abstract Figure.