bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life‐history attributes of juvenile Anopheles gambiae s.s. in central Uganda; implications for malaria control interventions
Authors: Batume Charles , Akol Anne M. , Mukwaya Louis G. , Birungi Josephine , Kayondo Jonathan K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMalaria is among the leading causes of death in Uganda, and Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) is the predominant vector. Although current vector control interventions have greatly reduced the malaria burden, the disease persists. New interventions are needed in order to eradicate them. Evaluation of new tools will require the availability of well‐characterized test vector populations. Juvenile An. gambiae s.s. from Kibbuye and Kayonjo‐derived populations were characterized under semi‐field and laboratory conditions, given that various vector traits, including abundance and fitness are dependent on development profiles at this life stage. Ten replicates comprising 30 first instar larvae each were profiled for various life‐history attributes (egg hatching, larval development time, larval survivorship, pupal weight and pupation rate). All parameters were similar for the two sites under laboratory conditions. However, the similarities or differences between field and laboratory development were parameter‐specific. Whereas, larval survivorship and pupal weight were similar across seasons and laboratory in colonies from both sites, in the semi‐field settings, pupation rate and larval survivorship differed between seasons in both sites. In addition, the average larval development time during the wet season was longer than that of the laboratory for both sites. Availability of mirror field sites is important for future tool evaluations.
Vegetative phenologies of lianas and trees in two Neotropical forests with contrasting rainfall regimes
Authors: Medina‐Vega José A. , Wright S. Joseph , Bongers Frans , Schnitzer Stefan A. , Sterck Frank J. 
Published: April 2022

Summary

Among tropical forests, lianas are predicted to have a growth advantage over trees during seasonal drought, with substantial implications for tree and forest dynamics. We tested the hypotheses that lianas maintain higher water status than trees during seasonal drought and that lianas maximize leaf cover to match high, dry‐season light conditions, while trees are more limited by moisture availability during the dry season.

We monitored the seasonal dynamics of predawn and midday leaf water potentials and leaf phenology for branches of 16 liana and 16 tree species in the canopies of two lowland tropical forests with contrasting rainfall regimes in Panama.

In a wet, weakly seasonal forest, lianas maintained higher water balance than trees and maximized their leaf cover during dry‐season conditions, when light availability was high, while trees experienced drought stress. In a drier, strongly seasonal forest, lianas and trees displayed similar dry season reductions in leaf cover following strong decreases in soil water availability.

Greater soil moisture availability and a higher capacity to maintain water status allow lianas to maintain the turgor potentials that are critical for plant growth in a wet and weakly seasonal forest but not in a dry and strongly seasonal forest.
RELIGIOUS INNOVATION AND ELITE IDEOLOGY AT BRONZE AGE HAZOR
Authors: Susnow Matthew 
Published: April 2022

SummaryHazor was the largest Bronze Age site in the southern Levant, established as an urban centre with many temples. This study explores how Hazor's elites used religion as an ideological tool to promote their legitimacy, to reinforce social hierarchy, and to maintain control over the populace. Accordingly, a methodology employing the spatial analysis of temple assemblages will be used to show that the use patterns of many of Hazor's temples diverge from other contemporary temples in the region. These anomalies, it is argued, resulted from Hazor's elites actively controlling and manipulating the performance of ritual throughout the site. Hazor's elites also made use of highly recognizable forms of cultic space so as to engage the non‐elite sectors of society while altering the manner in which those spaces were used and who had access to them. This religious innovation at Hazor was directly related to an elite ideology that strived to maintain control over non‐elites, while also aiming to integrate the various socially stratified groups into a community joined together in a sacred landscape.
When private governance impedes multilateralism: The case of international pesticide governance
Authors: Kinniburgh Fiona , Selin Henrik , Selin Noelle E. , Schreurs Miranda 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrivate standards play an increasingly important governance role, yet their effects on state‐led policymaking remain understudied. We examine how the operation of private agricultural standards influences multilateral pesticide governance with a particular focus on the listing of substances under the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade, a treaty‐based information‐sharing mechanism that allows countries to refuse hazardous chemical imports. We find that private agricultural standard‐setting bodies use the Rotterdam Convention's pesticide list to develop their own lists of banned substances. This alters the Rotterdam Convention's intended role, impeding efforts to add substances to the treaty, as attempts by private actors to impose stricter governance than state actors can undermine the potential for international state‐based governance to become more stringent. We characterize this as a “confounding interaction” whereby institutional linkages between actions by public and private actors with broadly aligned goals results in unexpected negative consequences for governance.
Quality‐of‐life of people with keloids and its correlation with clinical severity and demographic profiles
Authors: Sitaniya Sakshi , Subramani Dharshini , Jadhav Avinash , Sharma Yugal K. , Deora Mahendra S. , Gupta Aayush 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough the impairment of quality of life (QoL) in individuals with keloids is profound, it has neither been well quantified nor correlated with severity in people with skin of colour. This cross‐sectional, questionnaire‐based study comprised 110 patients with keloid(s). A physician measured the severity of keloids using the Vancouver Scar scale and impairment of QoL using the patient‐filled Hindi version of Dermatology Life Quality Index questionnaire. The relationship among QoL and severity score as well as with components of demographic data was analysed using SPSS. Our study found the severity of keloid(s) to be moderately but significantly correlated with the QoL of its sufferers. Individuals with multiple keloids were found to be significantly younger than those with solitary ones. Itching, pain, along with restricted mobility significantly impacted the QoL as well as severity of keloids. Individuals who had undergone prior treatment were found to have a worse QoL than the treatment naive. Recurrence was found to be associated with lower scar severity, multiple keloids, and younger age. Increasing age, though associated with greater scar severity, lacked any relationship with the QoL. Our study also found that individuals with bigger keloids sought treatment earlier and more often. Hyperpigmented keloid(s), more common in individuals with skin of colour, were associated with a significantly worse QoL and a higher scar severity.
Condiciones sociohabitacionales y de salud en áreas urbanas vulnerables
Authors: Marcos Mariana , Mera Gabriela , Fernández Melián María Clara , Chiara Camila 
Published: April 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar y aplicar una propuesta metodológica orientada a hacer emerger y visibilizar el entramado de factores territorialmente superpuestos que pueden condicionar el acceso pleno a la salud y la calidad de vida en áreas vulnerables, tomando como caso el área de servicio de un centro de salud ambiental en el área metropolitanade Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se propone un diseño metodológico cuantitativo —que articula técnicas mixtas de recolección de datos— de perspectiva microespacial, pensado para un territorio de tamaño reducido y basado en datos provenientes de fuentes secundarias y primarias. Por un lado, se indaga sobre las posibilidades y limitaciones de las fuentes de datos secundarios para dar cuenta de algunos elementos que permiten la presencia de condiciones socio-habitacionales saludables; y, por otro lado, se desarrolla una propuesta de relevamiento primario, en la que confluyen observaciones de campo y entrevistas estructuradas a un informante clave por cuadra.
Caracterización de vendedores informales de alimentos, ubicados en el espacio público de la UPZ Chapinero
Authors: Quilaguy Ayure Diana Milena , Chaves Coronel Julián Alberto 
Published: April 2022

La venta informal de alimentos es una de las principales actividades que se realiza en el espacio público, por lo cual es mportante conocer la población que labora de esta manera. Esta investigación busca establecer un perfil demográfico de los vendedores informales de alimentos que trabajan en la UPZ Chapinero, además de conocer las motivaciones que los llevan a optar por este trabajo, así como algunas características de los negocios en los cuales laboran. Para esto se realizó una encuesta a 52 vendedores, usando como instrumento un cuestionario el cual fue aplicado mediante entrevista. La mayoría de las personas manifiestan ser mujeres, tener secundaria, saber leer y escribir, no cotizar a pensión, estar afiliadas al Plan Obligatorio de Salud, vivir en arriendo, ganar menos de un millón de pesos mensuales, y que su principal motivación para trabajar en la informalidad es la falta de oportunidad para conseguir otro empleo.
Runa Allpa Sumaq, herramienta de evaluación de la sostenibilidad en edificaciones del Ecuador
Authors: Cordero Gulá Raúl , Pérez Pérez Marina 
Published: April 2022

El proyecto de investigación “Complementos para las herramientas de evaluación de la sostenibilidad de la arquitectura, una evaluación más universal RUNA ALLPA SUMAQ”, propone evaluar la arquitectura en sus aspectos estéticos y emocionales, atendiendo a las diferencias culturales y considerando los aspectos sociales, energéticos y de medio ambiente. Runa Allpa Sumaq, como ejercicio preliminar, se aplica a edificios de América y Europa y permite observar las relaciones entre los criterios estéticos-emocionales y su relación con los energéticos y medioambientales. De ello se presentan dos casos de estudio:el Caixa fórum en Madrid y el Aeropuerto de Baltra en Galápagos, en los cuales se encuentran dicotomías para la aplicación de Runa Allpa Sumaq. Con los resultados obtenidos de la aplicación Runa Allpa Sumaq se dan, a modo de conclusiones, lo que aconsideración de los autores son características de la arquitectura estéticas-sostenibles.
Digital Twins About Humans—Design Objectives From Three Projects
Authors: Bomström Henri , Annanperä Elina , Kelanti Markus , Xu Yueqiang , Mäkelä Satu-Marja , Immonen Milla , Siirtola Pekka , Teern Anna , Liukkunen Kari , Päivärinta Tero 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Digital twin (DT) emerges as a key concept of the Industry 4.0 paradigm and beyond. However, the current literature lacks focus on humans and human activities as a part of complex system DTs. Acknowledging human aspects in DTs can enhance work performance, well-being, motivation, and personal development of professionals. This study examines emerging requirements for human digital twins (HDTs) in three use cases of industry–academia collaboration on complex systems. The results draw together the overall design problem and four design objectives for HDTs. We propose to combine the machine and human-related aspects of DTs and highlight the need for virtual-to-virtual interoperability between HDTs and machines alike. Furthermore, we outline differences between humans and machines regarding digital twinning by addressing human activities and knowledge-based behavior on systems. Design of HDTs requires understanding of individual professional characteristics, such as skills and information preferences, together with twinning between the physical and digital machine entities and interactions between the human and machine DTs. As the field moves toward including humans as a part of the DT concept, incorporating HDTs in complex systems emerges as an increasingly significant issue.
Design of a Two-Speed Load Adaptive Variable Transmission for Energetic Optimization of an Accessible Prosthetic Hand
Authors: Butin Côme , Chablat Damien , Aoustin Yannick , Gouaillier David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This work proposed the design of a simple, robust, and inexpensive motion transmission for hand prostheses. The main challenge to be solved is to generate not only fast movements for the closing of the fingers during the grasping but also important forces to hold these objects. A two-speed load adaptive variable transmission is introduced to solve this challenge using a planetary gear train to reduce the speed and a selector clutch with wrap spring. The main properties of these two systems are recalled and a guideline is introduced to reach the user requirement. Finally, an application example is presented and the proposed prototype is analyzed.
Retention of Athletic Trainers in the Secondary School Setting
Authors: Schellhase Kristen Couper , Tran Emily , Carmody Shannon , Dawry Peter , Mangum L. Colby 
Published: April 2022

Research has explored factors related to retention of athletic trainers in collegiate settings but less is known about retention of athletic trainers in secondary school settings. This study aimed to investigate factors that increase retention of secondary school athletic trainers. Twenty-two secondary school athletic trainers (10 females and 12 males, length of employment 14.65 ± 5.01 years) participated in a semistructured video call interview with seven open-ended questions. A phenomenological approach revealed three themes and eight subthemes: (a) support (administration, partner athletic trainer, and non-work-related); (b) connections (impact on patients, school community, and wider community); and (c) security (financial and nonfinancial). Although participants acknowledged challenges, they identified aspects that positively influenced their retention.
Nutrition and Physical Activity During British Army Officer Cadet Training: Part 1—Energy Balance and Energy Availability
Authors: Edwards Victoria C. , Myers Stephen D. , Wardle Sophie L. , Siddall Andrew G. , Powell Steven D. , Needham-Beck Sarah , Kefyalew Sarah S. , Singh Priya A. , Orford Elise R. , Venables Michelle C. , Jackson Sarah , Greeves Julie P. , Blacker Sam D. 
Published: April 2022

Military training is characterized by high daily energy expenditures which are difficult to match with energy intake, potentially resulting in negative energy balance (EB) and low energy availability (EA). The aim of this study was to quantify EB and EA during British Army Officer Cadet training. Thirteen (seven women) Officer Cadets (mean ± SD: age 24 ± 3 years) volunteered to participate. EB and EA were estimated from energy intake (weighing of food and food diaries) and energy expenditure (doubly labeled water) measured in three periods of training: 9 days on-camp (CAMP), a 5-day field exercise (FEX), and a 9-day mixture of both CAMP and field-based training (MIX). Variables were compared by condition and gender with a repeated-measures analysis of variance. Negative EB was greatest during FEX (−2,197 ± 455 kcal/day) compared with CAMP (−692 ± 506 kcal/day; p < .001) and MIX (−1,280 ± 309 kcal/day; p < .001). EA was greatest in CAMP (23 ± 10 kcal·kg free-fat mass [FFM]−1·day−1) compared with FEX (1 ± 16 kcal·kg FFM−1·day−1; p = .002) and MIX (10 ± 7 kcal·kg FFM−1·day−1; p = .003), with no apparent difference between FEX and MIX (p = .071). Irrespective of condition, there were no apparent differences between gender in EB (p = .375) or EA (p = .385). These data can be used to inform evidenced-based strategies to manage EA and EB during military training, and enhance the health and performance of military personnel.
Evidence for overuse of cardiovascular healthcare services in high-income countries: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Roberts Derek J , Sypes Emma E , Nagpal Sudhir K , Niven Daniel , Mamas Mamas , McIsaac Daniel I , van Walraven Carl , Shorr Risa , Graham Ian D , Stelfox Henry Thomas , Grimshaw Jeremy 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionOveruse of cardiovascular healthcare services, defined as the provision of low-value (ineffective, harmful, cost-ineffective) tests, medications and procedures, may be common and associated with increased patient harm and health system inefficiencies and costs. We seek to systematically review the evidence for overuse of different cardiovascular healthcare services in high-income countries.Methods and analysisWe will search MEDLINE, EMBASE and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews from 2010 onwards. Two investigators will independently review titles and abstracts and full-text studies. We will include published English-language studies conducted in high-income countries that enrolled adults (mean/median age ≥18 years) and reported the incidence or prevalence of overuse of cardiovascular tests, medications or procedures; adjusted risk factors for overuse; or adjusted associations between overuse and outcomes (reported estimates of morbidity, mortality, costs or lengths of hospital stay). Acceptable methods of defining low-value care will include literature review and multidisciplinary iterative panel processes, healthcare services with reproducible evidence of a lack of benefit or harm, or clinical practice guideline or Choosing Wisely recommendations. Two investigators will independently extract data and evaluate study risk of bias in duplicate. We will calculate summary estimates of the incidence and prevalence of overuse of different cardiovascular healthcare services across studies unstratified and stratified by country; method of defining low-value care; the percentage of included females, different races, and those with low and high socioeconomic status or cardiovascular risk; and study risks of bias using random-effects models. We will also calculate pooled estimates of adjusted risk factors for overuse and adjusted associations between overuse and outcomes overall and stratified by country using random-effects models. We will use the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation to determine certainty in estimates.Ethics and disseminationNo ethics approval is required for this study as it deals with published data. Results will be presented at meetings and published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021257490.
Understanding the surgeon’s behaviour during robot-assisted surgery: protocol for the qualitative Behav’Robot study
Authors: Cormi Clément , Parpex Guillaume , Julio Camille , Ecarnot Fiona , Laplanche David , Vannieuwenhuyse Geoffrey , Duclos Antoine , Sanchez Stéphane 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionRobot-assisted surgery is spreading worldwide, accounting for more than 1.2 million procedures in 2019. Data are sparse in the literature regarding the surgeon’s mechanisms that mediate risk-taking during a procedure, especially robot-assisted. This study aims to describe and understand the behaviour of the surgeons during robot-assisted surgery and the change in their behaviour with increasing experience in using the robot.Methods and analysisThis is a qualitative study using semistructured interviews with surgeons who perform robot-assisted surgery. An interview guide comprising open questions will be used to ensure that the points to be discussed are systematically addressed during each interview (ie, (1) difference in behaviour and preparation of the surgeon between a standard procedure and a robot-assisted procedure; (2) the influence of proprioceptive modifications, gain in stability and cognitive biases, inherent in the use of a surgical robot and (3) the intrinsic effect of the learning curve on the behaviour of the surgeons. After transcription, interviews will be analysed with the help of NVivo software, using thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationSince this project examines professional practices in the field of social and human sciences, ethics committee was not required in accordance with current French legislation (Decree no 2017-884, 9 May 2017). Consent from the surgeons is implied by the fact that the interviews are voluntary. Surgeons will nonetheless be informed that they are free to interrupt the interview at any time.Results will be presented in peer-reviewed national and international congresses and submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication. The communication and publication of the results will be placed under the responsibility of the principal investigator and publications will be prepared in compliance with the ICMJE uniform requirements for manuscripts.Trial registration numberNCT04869995.
Descriptive epidemiology of the prevalence of adolescent active travel to school in Asia: a cross-sectional study from 31 countries
Authors: Maulida Rizka , Ikeda Erika , Oni Tolu , van Sluijs Esther M F 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the prevalence of adolescent active travel to school (ATS) across 31 countries and territories in Asia, overall and by age group, sex and body mass index (BMI) category.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting31 Asian countries.Participants152 368 adolescents aged 13–17 years with complete data for age, sex, measured weight and height and active travel to school from 31 Asian countries from the Global School-based student Health Survey (GSHS).Primary outcomeSelf-reported active travel to school categorised into passive (0 days) and active (1–7 days).ResultsOverall prevalence of adolescent ATS in Asia based on random-effect meta-analysis was 55%, ranging from 18% (UAE) to 84% (Myanmar). There was limited subregional variation: 47% in the Eastern Mediterranean (EM), 56% in the South East Asia and 64% in the Western Pacific. Summarised by random-effect meta-analysis, being an older adolescent aged 16 years and older (vs younger age below 16 years: OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.16) was positively associated with ATS. This association was strongest in EM countries. Summarised by random-effect meta-analysis, females (vs males: OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.71 to 0.89) and adolescents with overweight/obesity (vs underweight and normal BMI: OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86 to 0.99) were less likely to use ATS. Association with sex was strongest in EM countries. Heterogeneity was considerable in all meta-analyses.ConclusionThe prevalence of adolescent ATS in Asia varies substantially. Overall, older and male adolescents, and adolescents with underweight and normal BMI category are more likely to actively travel to school. However, the main contributor to differences in ATS between and within regions remain unknown. Although there is substantial scope for improving ATS rates in Asia, any policy actions and interventions should be cognisant of local built, social and natural environmental contexts that may influence active travel behaviour.