bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of sodium-hypochlorite-induced degradation of cellulose acetate and the enhancement of its degradation resistance by chemical modification
Authors: Hashizume Tomohiro , Okamoto Yusuke , Nagai Kanji , Shimamoto Shu 
Published: March 2022

Cellulose acetate, when used in the form of hollow fibers in the ultrafiltration stage of water treatment, is occasionally treated with sodium hypochlorite to remove organic particles such as humic acids. However, prolonged use of sodium hypochlorite reduces the strength of the membrane and facilitates its breakage. The present study was designed to reveal the degradation mechanism of cellulose acetate caused by aqueous sodium hypochlorite and to improve its resistance to this chemical. Filaments of cellulose acetate, prepared using a nonsolvent-induced phase separation method, were exposed to 2000 ppm aqueous sodium hypochlorite at 25°C for 13 days to allow for evaluation of the changes in their tensile strength, elongation at break, molecular weight, degree of substitution, and chemical structure. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and molecular weight decreased as the duration of exposure to sodium hypochlorite increased. No significant changes in the degree of substitution were observed by one-dimensional hydrogen 1 nuclear magnetic resonance, and cleavages of both glycoside bonds and carbon–carbon bonds were detected by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, revealing that base-catalyzed hydrolysis of ester groups did not play an important role in degradation. The chemical modifications of the cellulose esters, such as the introduction of pentanoyl, stearoyl, and benzoyl groups, were studied in accordance with the degradation mechanism, and cellulose esters with bulky substituents such as benzoyl groups were found to exhibit improved chlorine resistance. Perbenzoylated cellulose, which exhibited high resistance to sodium hypochlorite, is considered to be a potential membrane material for the filtration of foulant-rich raw water.
Surgical resection of venous malformations of the forearm
Authors: Laurian Claude , Bisdorff Annouk , Masonni Claudine , Cerceau Pierre , Paraskevas Nikos 
Published: March 2022

We retrospectively reviewed 35 patients with venous malformations located in the forearm and treated by surgery in a single institution during the period 2010–19. The common complaints were pain and swelling (34 patients) and impaired function with contractures of fingers (15 patients). Twenty-four had complete resection and 11 had an incomplete resection. Associated procedures were reconstruction or lengthening of tendons in 17 patients. At the last follow-up (mean 61 months), 32 of the 35 had no residual pain and 27 had no functional sequelae. On MRI follow-up exams, 27 had no residual venous malformations. Venous malformations in the anterior compartment of the forearm can impair the function of the hand. They are developed almost exclusively in the connective tissue around tendons and muscles, deforming the musculotendinous structures and involving nerves. Surgery seems an appropriate option for the condition in this area. Level of evidence: IV
Protecting and Scaffolding: How Parents Facilitate Children's Activities in Public Space in Urban China
Authors: Luo (落鑫) Xin 
Published: March 2022

Purpose During the past decades, China has seen a rapid urbanization that has (re)shaped not only its city landscape but also (re)created public space where children live, play, and learn. However, little research has focused on how urban public space influences young children's learning and development and how parents navigate children's development in the public space. Therefore, this research aims to study how public space influences parents’ engagement with their young children. Design/Approach/Methods This study is informed of Bronfenbrenner's Processes, Person, Context, and Time (PPCT) model that sees children's learning as complex and multilateral interactions among various stakeholders including schools, families, and environment. It employed ethnographic approach to study the interactions between children and their parents in a public playground in a Western Chinese city. Findings It found that parents realized public space had been reshaped by urbanization. While they accompanied their children to play, they actively monitored children's safety and cultivated children's physical and social development. In this process, male parents tended to contribute more than they would do in other settings. Originality/Value This study fills the gap by providing a nuanced study exploring how parents fulfill their responsibilities in an integral space of children's development, which has rarely been explored.
Impact of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of Organizations: A Case Study of Some Service Sector Organizations in Manipur
Authors: Nungchim Bridget Nungchensha , Leihaothabam Jibon Kumar Sharma 
Published: March 2022

Background: It may be understood to assume that the performance and effectiveness of an organization solely depend on the setup of organizational culture as it (organizational culture) embodies the vision and mission of the organization including the attitudes and behaviors of the employees and the organization’s manner of functioning in the organization. Nonetheless, the association between the organizational culture and its effectiveness in service sector organizations appears to vary from one organization to the other with varying degrees and directions within the state. Aims and objectives: To assess the impact of organizational culture on the overall effectiveness and to evaluate the association between each component of organizational culture and its effectiveness of service sector organizations. Materials and methods: The present study is based on a primary sample of 140 employees selected from Manipur in Northeast India. The sample size is estimated on the findings of the pilot survey, and stratified random sampling is adopted as the type of sampling. The paired t-test is used as the statistical formula for testing of significance between the mean percentage scores; and Karl Pearson correlation co-efficient r is applied to establish the correlation between overall effectiveness of service sector organization and overall and each facet of organizational culture separately. Results: The findings of the study conclude that the better the organizational culture the better the effectiveness of the organization.
Dissecting platelet proteomics to understand the pathophysiology of immune thrombocytopenia: studies in mouse models
Authors: Martínez-Botía Patricia , Meinders Marjolein , De Cuyper Iris M. , Eble Johannes A. , Semple John W. , Gutiérrez Laura 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by enhanced platelet clearance and defective platelet production. Diagnosis by exclusion and trial-and-error treatment strategies is common practice, and despite the advancement in treatment options, many patients remain refractory. Although the existence of different pathophysiological entities is acknowledged, we are still far from stratifying and understanding ITP. To investigate, we sought to dissect the platelet proteome dynamics in so-called passive and active preclinical ITP mouse models, with which we propose to phenocopy respectively acute/newly diagnosed and persistent/chronic stages of ITP in humans. We obtained the platelet proteome at the thrombocytopenic stage and after platelet count recovery (reached naturally or by IVIg-treatment, depending on the model). Although most of the proteomic alterations were common to both ITP models, there were model-specific protein dynamics that accompanied and explained alterations in platelet aggregation responses, as measured in the passive ITP model. The expression dynamics observed in Syk may explain, extrapolated to humans and pending validation, the increased bleeding tendency of patients with ITP when treated with fostamatinib as third or later– as opposed to second line of treatment. We propose that the platelet proteome may give diagnostic and prognostic insights into ITP and that such studies should be pursued in humans.
Prediction of maximal oxygen uptake from 6-min walk test in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Appenzeller Paula , Gautschi Fiorenza , Müller Julian , Lichtblau Mona , Saxer Stéphanie , Schneider Simon R. , Schwarz Esther I. , Ulrich Silvia 
Published: March 2022

Maximal oxygen uptake (V′O2max), assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), is an important parameter for risk assessment in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, CPET may not be available for all PH patients. Thus, we aimed to test previously published predictive models ofV′O2maxfrom the 6-min walk distance (6MWD) for their accuracy and to create a new model.We tested four models (two by Rosset al. (2010), one by Miyamotoet al. (2000) and one by Zapicoet al. (2019)). To derive a new model, data were split into a training and testing dataset (70:30) and step-wise linear regression was performed. To compare the different models, the standard error of the estimate (SEE) was calculated and the models graphically compared by Bland–Altman plots. Sensitivity and specificity for correct prediction into low-risk classification (V′O2max>15 mL/min/kg) was calculated for all models.A total of 276 observations were included in the analysis (194/82 training/testing dataset); 6MWD andV′O2maxwere significantly correlated (r=0.65, p<0.001). Linear regression showed significant correlation of 6MWD, weight and heart rate response (HRR) withV′O2maxand the best fitting prediction equation was:V′O2max= 1.83 + 0.031 × 6MWD (m) – 0.023 × weight (kg) – 0.015 × HRR (bpm). SEEs for the different models were 3.03, 3.22, 4.36 and 3.08 mL/min/kg for the Rosset al., Miyamotoet al., Zapicoet al. models and the new model, respectively. Predicted meanV′O2maxwas 16.5 mL/min/kg (versusobserved 16.1 mL/min/kg).6MWD andV′O2maxreveal good correlation in all models. However, the accuracy of all models is inadequate for clinical use. Thus, CPET and 6MWD both remain valuable risk assessment tools in the management of PH.
Extensive evaluation of ATAC-seq protocols for native or formaldehyde-fixed nuclei
Authors: Zhang Hao , Rice Michael E. , Alvin Joseph W. , Farrera-Gaffney Dominique , Galligan James J. , Johnson Michael D. L. , Cusanovich Darren A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The “Assay for Transposase Accessible Chromatin sequencing” (ATAC-seq) is an efficient and easy to implement protocol to measure chromatin accessibility that has been widely used in multiple applications studying gene regulation. While several modifications or variants of the protocol have been published since it was first described, there has not yet been an extensive evaluation of the effects of specific protocol choices head-to-head in a consistent experimental setting. In this study, we tested multiple protocol options for major ATAC-seq components (including three reaction buffers, two reaction temperatures, two enzyme sources, and the use of either native or fixed nuclei) in a well-characterized cell line. With all possible combinations of components, we created 24 experimental conditions with four replicates for each (a total of 96 samples). In addition, we tested the 12 native conditions in a primary sample type (mouse lung tissue) with two different input amounts. Through these extensive comparisons, we were able to observe the effect of different ATAC-seq conditions on data quality and to examine the utility and potential redundancy of various quality metrics.

Results
In general, native samples yielded more peaks (particularly at loci not overlapping transcription start sites) than fixed samples, and the temperature at which the enzymatic reaction was carried out had a major impact on data quality metrics for both fixed and native nuclei. However, the effect of various conditions tested was not always consistent between the native and fixed samples. For example, the Nextera and Omni buffers were largely interchangeable across all other conditions, while the THS buffer resulted in markedly different profiles in native samples. In-house and commercial enzymes performed similarly.

Conclusions
We found that the relationship between commonly used measures of library quality differed across temperature and fixation, and so evaluating multiple metrics in assessing the quality of a sample is recommended. Notably, we also found that these choices can bias the functional class of elements profiled and so we recommend evaluating several formulations in any new experiments. Finally, we hope the ATAC-seq workflow formulated in this study on crosslinked samples will help to profile archival clinical specimens.
Expression characterization and cross-species complementation uncover the functional conservation of YABBY genes for leaf abaxial polarity and carpel polarity establishment in Saccharum spontaneum
Authors: She Zeyuan , Huang Xiaoyi , Aslam Mohammad , Wang Lulu , Yan Maokai , Qin Rongjuan , Chen Yingzhi , Qin Yuan , Niu Xiaoping 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Cell polarity establishment and maintenance is indispensable for plant growth and development. In plants, the YABBY transcription factor family has a distinct role in leaf asymmetric polarity establishment and lateral organ initiation. However, for the important sugar crop Saccharum, little information on YABBY genes is available.

Results
In this study, a total of 20 sequences for 7 SsYABBY genes were identified in the sugarcane genome, designated as SsYABBY1-7 based on their chromosome locations, and characterized by phylogenetic analysis. We provided a high-resolution map of SsYABBYs’ global expression dynamics during vegetative and reproductive organ morphogenesis and revealed that SsYABBY3/4/5 are predominately expressed at the seedling stage of stem and leaf basal zone; SsYABBY2/5/7 are highly expressed in ovules. Besides, cross-species overexpression and/or complementation verified the conserved function of SsYABBY2 in establishing leaf adaxial-abaxial polarity and ovules development. We found that the SsYABBY2 could successfully rescue the leaves curling, carpel dehiscence, and ovule abortion defects in Arabidopsis crc mutant.

Conclusions
Collectively, our study demonstrates that SsYABBY genes retained a conserved function in establishing and preserving leaf adaxial-abaxial polarity and lateral organ development during evolution.
Effect of CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism on the pharmacodynamics and clinical outcomes for patients treated with ticagrelor: a systematic review with qualitative and quantitative meta-analysis
Authors: Xie Qiufen , Xiang Qian , Liu Zhiyan , Mu Guangyan , Zhou Shuang , Zhang Zhuo , Ma Lingyue , Gong Yanjun , Jiang Jie , Cui Yimin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies show inconsistent results regarding the impact ofCYP2C19genotype on the pharmacodynamics (PD) and clinical outcomes of ticagrelor. With the implementation of genotype-guided individualized antiplatelet therapy, the association betweenCYP2C19polymorphism and the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor for patients is still worthy of exploring and studying.MethodsThis systematic review protocol has been registered in the PROSPERO network (No. CRD 42020158920). Electronic databases of PubMed, EmBase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched from inception to January 6th, 2022 to select studies investigating the impact ofCYP2C19genotype on PD and clinical outcomes of ticagrelor. The results were presented as odds ratio (OR) or weight mean difference with its 95% confidence interval (CI) by using the random-effects model. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was used to control risk of random errors and detect the robustness of outcomes.ResultsEight studies recruited a total of 6405 patients treated with ticagrelor. Mostly trials reported no significant effect of any or noCYP2C19loss-of-function (LOF) allele (*2 or *3) on all the endpoints. Compared with no LOF allele carriers, subgroup analysis suggested any LOF allele in Asian patients was associated with a significant decreased risk of bleeding events (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.22–0.75;P = 0.004). Furthermore, any LOF allele carriers didn’t yield any impact on the risk of MACEs (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.76–1.64;P = 0.586), stroke (OR: 1.71; 95% CI: 0.99–2.96;P = 0.054), definite stent thrombosis (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.17–4.60;P = 0.882), bleeding (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.27–1.46;P = 0.281), myocardial infarction (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.30–2.20;P = 0.682), and revascularization (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.33–2.00;P = 0.649) in all patients. The results of TSA were indicated that more further trials would be required.ConclusionsThis qualitative and quantitative study suggested Asian patients carrying anyCYP2C19LOF allele might have a lower risk of bleeding events comparing with no LOF allele carriers when treated with ticagrelor. However, we did not prove an important role ofCYP2C19genotype on the risk of PD and clinical endpoints in the whole cohort. In future, more large-scale prospective studies and more different ethnic populations should be included.
Cardiovascular risks before myocardial infarction differences between men and women
Authors: Nyström Alice , Strömberg Susanne , Jansson Karin , Faresjö Åshild Olsen , Faresjö Tomas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Prodromal cardiac symptoms are warning signals preceding cardiac disease. Previous studies have shown some gender differences in prodromal symptoms as well as established risk factors for MI. This study aims to map possible gender differences in social factors and established risk factors preceding myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods
The study includes data of N = 213 middle-aged men and women, all diagnosed with myocardial infarction (ICD-10 I21.9) from the region of south-east Sweden. They answered a questionnaire at discharge from the cardiologic clinic and additional clinical data from medical records were merged from the National Swedeheart Register.

Results
The dominant prodromal symptom for both sexes were experience of chest pain at the onset of MI. The major gender differences were that significantly more females (p = 0.015) had a hyperlipidemia diagnose. Females also reported to have experienced higher stress load the year preceding myocardial infarction with serious life events (p = 0.019), strained economy (p = 0.003), and reports of sadness/depression (p < 0.001). Females reported higher perceived stress load than men (p = 0.006). Men had higher systolic blood pressure than women at hospital admission and a higher systolic- and diastolic blood pressure at discharge.

Conclusions
Influences of the social environment, such as serious life events, strained economy, depression, stress, and sleep deprivation were stronger as potential risk factors for myocardial infarction in women than among men. Of the traditional risk factors only, hyperlipidemia was more frequent among women. These findings could contribute to a deeper understanding of diagnostic differences between gender, as well as a more gender-oriented cardiovascular preventive work.
Imaging features of biliary adenofibroma of the liver with malignant transformation: a case report with literature review
Authors: Hu Wenjun , Zhao Ying , Liu Yunsong , Hua Zhengyu , Liu Ailian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Biliary adenofibroma (BAF) is a rare primary hepatic tumor with the potential risk of malignant transformation. Given the extreme rarity of the disease, the imaging features of BAF are unclear. We presented a case of malignant BAF and conducted a systematic literature review. We highlighted the key imaging features in the diagnosis and aggressiveness assessment of BAF, as well as the role of various imaging modalities in evaluating BAF.

Case presentation
We reported a 64-year-old woman with a 5-months history of pain in the right upper quadrant abdomen. US of the liver showed a hypoechoic subcapsular nodule. CT scan revealed a subcapsular solid-cystic mass in segment V of the liver. The mass showed a marked enhancement in the arterial phase followed by wash-out in the venous phase. The patient underwent partial resection of liver’s right lobe. The mass was diagnosed as BAF with malignant transformation by postoperative pathology.

Conclusions
CT and MRI are helpful in recognizing and characterizing BAF. The imaging features of BAF include a solitary, large solid-cystic mass with a well-defined margin, lobulated shape, and internal septa; subcapsular location; no intrahepatic bile duct communication; the presence of von Meyenberg complexes in background liver. The enhancement patterns may have the potential to assess the aggressiveness of BAF, and that marked enhancement in the arterial phase followed by wash-out in the venous phase is suggestive of malignant BAF.
Refractory thrombocytopenia could be a rare initial presentation of Noonan syndrome in newborn infants: a case report and literature review
Authors: Tang Xiujun , Chen Zheng , Shen Xiaoxia , Xie Tian , Wang Xiaohong , Liu Taixiang , Ma Xiaolu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Noonan syndrome (NS) is a relatively rare inherited disease. Typical clinical presentation is important for the diagnosis of NS. But the initial presentation of NS could be significant variant individually which results in the difficult of working diagnosis. Here we report a rare neonatal case of NS who presented with refractory thrombocytopenia as the initial manifestation.

Case presentation
This was a preterm infant with refractory thrombocytopenia of unknown origin transferred from obstetric hospital at 6 weeks of age. During hospitalization, typical phenotypes of NS in addition to thrombocytopenia were observed, such as typical facial characteristics, short stature, atrial septal defect, cryptochidism, coagulation defect and chylothorax. Genetic testing showed a pathogenic variant at exon 2 of the PTPN11 gene with c.124A > G (p.T42A). Respiratory distress was deteriorated with progressive chylothorax. Chest tube was inserted for continuous draining. Chemical pleurodesis with erythromycin was tried twice, but barely effective. Finally, parents decided to withdraw medical care and the patient died.

Conclusions
Thrombocytopenia could be the first symptom of Noonan syndrome. After ruling out other common causes of thrombocytopenia, NS should be considered as the working diagnosis.
Risk factors and incidence of invasive bacterial infection in severe bronchiolitis: the RICOIB prospective study
Authors: Guitart Carmina , Alejandre Carme , Bobillo-Perez Sara , Girona-Alarcon Monica , Sole-Ribalta Anna , Cambra Francisco Jose , Balaguer Monica , Jordan Iolanda 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Bacterial infection (BI), both community-acquired (CA-BI) and hospital-acquired (HAI), might present as a severe complication in patients with bronchiolitis. This study aimed to describe BI in children with severe bronchiolitis, and to define risk factors for BI.

Methods
This was a prospective, descriptive study that included infants admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) due to bronchiolitis between 2011 and 2017. The BROSJOD score was calculated to rate the severity of bronchiolitis.

Results
Inclusion of 675 patients, with a median age of 47 days (IQR 25–99). 175 (25.9%) patients developed BI, considered HAI in 36 (20.6%). Patients with BI had higher BROSJOD score, PRISM III, and required invasive mechanical ventilation and inotropic support more frequently (p < 0.001). BI was independently associated with BROSJOD higher than 12 (OR 2.092, 95%CI 1.168–3.748) CA-BI was associated to BROSJOD > 12 (OR 2.435, 95%CI 1.379–4.297) and bacterial co-infection (OR 2.294 95%CI 1.051–5.008). Concerning HAI, an independent association was shown with mechanical ventilation longer than 7 days (OR 5.139 95%CI 1.802–14.652). Infants with BI had longer PICU and hospital stay (p < 0.001), Mortality was higher in patients with HAI.

Conclusions
A quarter of infants with severe bronchiolitis developed BI. A BROSJOD > 12 may alert the presence of CA-BI, especially pneumonia. Patients with BI have higher morbidity and mortality.