bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning the low rolling resistance, wet grip, and heat build‐up properties of tyre tread formulations using carbon black/thermally exfoliated graphite hybrid fillers
Authors: Bijina Vijayan , Jandas Ponnath Janardhanan , Jose Jesvin , Muhammed Ajnas Nellorammal , Abhitha Kozhikodan Parambil , John Honey 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEcofriendly green tyre tread compounds were developed with low rolling resistance, low heat buildup, and improved wet grip properties. A standard formulation of natural rubber (NR) and butadiene (BR) with 50 phr carbon black was prepared in a brabender plasticoder. Based on the processability, successful reduction of carbon black and aromatic oil content was done up to a minimum value of 32 and 3 phr respectively. Partial replacement of graphite with carbon black was done to achieve the optimized formulation. A binary filler system with 10 phr graphite and 22 phr carbon black was optimized based on the mechanical properties and further addition of graphite leads to reduction in properties due to agglomeration. To enhance the properties further, the graphite was thermally treated to get an exfoliated structure which can significantly improve the area of the filler/matrix macromolecules interface. This ultimately had a positive impact on targeted properties. A sudden thermal shock for 15 min at various temperatures ranging from 400 to 550°C was given and prepared the optimized binary formulation and evaluated the properties. Excellent results in terms of low rolling resistance (0.039) and heat build‐up (18°C) were recorded for final formulation. The flex fatigue resistance was enhanced and the thermal stability improved by 29°C.
A fabrication strategy for porous carbon spheres based on cross‐linked chitosan/poly(γ‐glutamic acid) colloidal particles
Authors: Sun Jingru , Liu Huan , Xu Sheng , Zhu Ying , Xia Chunmiao , Gan Lei , Zhang Rongli , Zhang Cuige , Miao Zongcheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA new strategy was developed to prepare nanoscale porous carbon spheres (PCSs) using cross‐linked chitosan/poly(γ‐glutamic acid) colloidal particles as precursor. The fabricated cross‐linked chitosan/poly(γ‐glutamic acid) colloidal particles (Ca2+/CS/γ‐PGA CPs) were prepared from the self‐assembly of negatively charged poly(γ‐glutamic acid) and positively charged chitosan, and the cross‐linking of Ca2+ in aqueous solution, via the electrostatic interaction. After lyophilization, the Ca2+/CS/γ‐PGA CPs power was obtained, followed by carbonization in a tube furnace under N2 atmosphere. Finally, the products were washed by hydrochloric acid, obtaining PCSs with hierarchical pore structure and super‐hydrophobicity. The prepared PCSs exhibited excellent separation performance for oil‐in‐water emulsions.
Moxibustion improved the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation donor to dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis in mice
Authors: Wang Xinting , Wu Jihong , Huang Rui , Wang Shenglan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is beneficial for several gastrointestinal diseases because it alters the intestinal microbiota of recipients. The efficacy of FMT is related to the microbial structure and composition of the donor. Mild moxibustion is a non‐invasive and safe traditional Chinese therapy that can regulate the gut microbiota. In this study, we investigated whether moxibustion improved the efficacy of FMT in donors using a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis mouse model. Normal mice were treated with mild moxibustion at acupoints ST25 and ST36 for 7 days. DSS (2%) was administered for 7 days to induce colitis. FMT was performed on Day 8 and lasted for 7 days. The effect of FMT on mice with DSS was observed on Day 21. Using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunofluorescence, we analyzed the pathology and cell proliferation after FMT in DSS mice. In addition, using 16 S rDNA sequencing analysis, we investigated the gut microbiota of mice. The results indicated that moxibustion altered the colonic microbial community and increased the relative abundance of specific bacteria without changes in morphology and physiological function in normal mice. FMT using donors with moxibustion reduced body weight loss, inflammation, abnormal microbial community structure, and the relative abundance of some bacteria. These results provide potential strategies for the safe and targeted improvement of FMT donors.
Enalapril increases the urinary excretion of metformin in rats by inducing multidrug and toxin excretion protein 1 in the kidney
Authors: Gou Xue‐yan , Wu Yan‐fang , Ran Feng‐lin , Ma Yan‐rong , Wu Xin‐an 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTwo‐thirds of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have hypertension, and thus the combination of two or more drugs to treat these diseases is common. It has been shown that the combination of metformin and enalapril has beneficial effects, but few studies have evaluated the interactions between these two drugs. This study investigated the effects of enalapril on the pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of metformin in rats, with a focus on transporter‐mediated drug interactions. Rats were dosed orally with metformin alone (100 mg/kg) or in combination with enalapril (4 mg/kg). The concentration of metformin was measured by high performance liquid chromatography and the level of organic cation transporters (rOCTs) and multidrug and toxin excretion protein 1 (rMATE1), which mediate the uptake and efflux of metformin, respectively, were evaluated by immunoblotting. After single and 7‐day dosing, the plasma concentration of metformin in the co‐administration group was significantly lower than that in the metformin‐only group, and the CL/F and urinary excretion were increased in the co‐administration group. Enalapril did not affect the Kp of metformin but reduced renal slice‐uptake of metformin. The expression of rMATE1 was increased, whereas rOCT2 expression was decreased in rat kidney. Importantly, long‐term co‐administration of metformin and enalapril markedly decreased the level of lactic acid and uric acid in the blood. Enalapril increases the urinary excretion of metformin through the up‐regulation of rMATE1. This reveals a new mechanism of drug interactions and provides a basis for drug dosage adjustment when these drugs are co‐administered.
Determination of pioglitazone hydrochloride by flow injection chemiluminescence tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)–silver(III) complex system
Authors: Rehman Habib Ur , Kakar Attiq Ur Rehman , Yaqoob Mohammed , Asghar Muhammad , Saeed Ahmed Syed , Nisa Khair Un 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA novel flow injection‐chemiluminescence (FI–CL) approach is proposed for the assay of pioglitazone hydrochloride (PG‐HCl) based on its enhancing influence on the tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)–silver(III) complex (Ru(bipy)32+‐DPA) CL system in sulfuric acid medium. The possible CL reaction mechanism is discussed with CL and ultraviolet (UV) spectra. The optimum experimental conditions were found as: Ru(bipy)32+, 5.0 × 10−5 M; sulfuric acid, 1.0 × 10−3 M; diperiodatoargentate(III) (DPA), 1.0 × 10−4 M; potassium hydroxide, 1.0 × 10−3 M; flow rate 4.0 ml min−1for each flow stream and sample loop volume, 180 μl. The CL intensity of PG‐HCl was linear in the range of 1.0 × 10−3to 5.0 mg L−1(R2 = 0.9998,n = 10) with limit of detection [LOD, signal‐to‐noise ratio (S/N) = 3] of 2.2 × 10−4 mg L−1, limit of quantification (LOQ,S/N = 10) of 6.7 × 10−4 mg L−1, relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.0 to 3.3% and sampling rate of 106 h−1. The methodology was satisfactorily used to quantify PG‐HCl in pharmaceutical tablets with recoveries ranging from 93.17 to 102.77 and RSD from 1.9 to 2.8%.
Increased recombinant adeno‐associated virus production by HEK293 cells using small molecule chemical additives
Authors: Scarrott Joseph M. , Johari Yusuf B. , Pohle Thilo H. , Liu Ping , Mayer Ayda , James David C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) has established itself as a highly efficacious gene delivery vector with a well characterised safety profile allowing broad clinical application. Recent successes in rAAV‐mediated gene therapy clinical trials will continue to drive demand for improved rAAV production processes to reduce costs. Here, we demonstrate that small molecule bioactive chemical additives can significantly increase recombinant AAV vector production by human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells up to three‐fold. Nocodazole (an anti‐mitotic agent) and M344 (a selective histone deacetylase inhibitor) were identified as positive regulators of rAAV8 genome titre in a microplate screening assay. Addition of nocodazole to triple‐transfected HEK293 suspension cells producing rAAV arrested cells in G2/M phase, increased average cell volume and reduced viable cell density relative to untreated rAAV producing cells at harvest. Final crude genome vector titre from nocodazole treated cultures was >2‐fold higher compared to non‐treated cultures. Further investigation showed nocodazole addition to cultures to be time critical. Genome titre improvement was found to be scalable and serotype independent across two distinct rAAV serotypes, rAAV8 and rAAV9. Furthermore, a combination of M344 and nocodazole produced a positive additive effect on rAAV8 genome titre, resulting in a three‐fold increase in genome titre compared to untreated cells.
An idea to explore: How an interdisciplinary undergraduate course exploring a global health challenge in molecular detail enabled science communication and collaboration in diverse audiences
Authors: Dutta Shuchismita , Jiang Jennifer , Ghosh Sutapa , Patel Shriya , Bhikadiya Charmi , Lowe Robert , Voigt Maria , Goodsell David , Zardecki Christine , Burley Stephen K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCommunication and collaboration are key science competencies that support sharing of scientific knowledge with experts and non‐experts alike. On the one hand, they facilitate interdisciplinary conversations between students, educators, and researchers, while on the other they improve public awareness, enable informed choices, and impact policy decisions. Herein, we describe an interdisciplinary undergraduate course focused on using data from various bioinformatics data resources to explore the molecular underpinnings of diabetes mellitus (Types 1 and 2) and introducing students to science communication. Building on course materials and original student‐generated artifacts, a series of collaborative activities engaged students, educators, researchers, healthcare professionals and community members in exploring, learning about, and discussing the molecular bases of diabetes. These collaborations generated novel educational materials and approaches to learning and presenting complex ideas about major global health challenges in formats accessible to diverse audiences.
Factors associated with cognitive impairment at 3, 6, and 12 months after the first stroke among Lebanese survivors
Authors: Boutros Celina F. , Khazaal Walaa , Taliani Maram , Sadier Najwane Said , Salameh Pascale , Hosseini Hassan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to calculate the rate of post‐stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) by evaluating the cognitive domains among Lebanese stroke survivors at 3, 6, and 12 months post‐stroke, and to identify the contributing factors including pre‐ and post‐stroke related factors.MethodsA multicenter longitudinal prospective study was conducted in 10 hospitals from Beirut and Mount Lebanon for a 15‐month period. Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Short Form Health Survey (SF12), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used to assess cognitive function, disability degree, Quality of Life (QoL), stroke severity, and levels of anxiety and depression, respectively. Then, univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to identify the predictors of PSCI.ResultsLow MMSE scores were found among survivors during the first 3 months post‐stroke (74.8%) of whom 53.7% presented with an MMSE ≤ 17, followed by 46.7% in the 6 months, and 37.6% at 12 months post‐stroke. Follow‐up comparisons showed a significant increase of MMSE scores over time (p < .001), indicating a 37% improvement of the cognitive function over time. The most affected cognitive domain was the attention and concentration at the three time points. Independent factors that were positively associated with low MMSE scores were as follows: sedentary behavior ≥ 12 h/day (AOR = 3.062, p = .033), involvement of the left hemisphere (AOR = 2.710, p = .006), HADS ≥ 11 (AOR = 2.536, p = .049), and high NIHSS scores (AOR = 3, p = .009). Age was the main predictor in the three time periods (AOR ≈ 3, p < .05). Inversely, female gender (AOR = 0.09, p = .027), high educational level (AOR = 0.2, p < .02), employment post‐stroke (AOR = 0.3, p = .023), high Physical Component Summary (PCS) of Quality of Life (QoL) (AOR = 0.8, p < .001), and the use of anti‐diabetic treatment post‐stroke (AOR = 0.17, p = .016) improved MMSE scores to > 23.ConclusionThe risk of PSCI among Lebanese stroke survivors was high especially in the acute phase, depending on various determinants. Health care providers are invited to implement an emergency rehabilitation program for an appropriate successful management of the risk factors in order to reduce stroke burden and to improve overall cognitive performance.
Association of sex and age with in‐hospital mortality and complications of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage: A study from the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance
Authors: Lu Ping , Cao Zhentang , Gu Hongqiu , Li Zixiao , Wang Yu , Cui Lingyun , Wang Yongjun , Zhao Xingquan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeThe impact of sex and age on prognosis in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the Chinese population remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between sex and age of Chinese ICH patients and adverse prognosis.MethodsWe used the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance database with in‐hospital mortality as the primary outcome and hospital complications as the secondary outcome. Patients were divided into four groups by sex and age. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between sex and age and the prognosis of ICH patients.ResultsWe enrolled 60,911 ICH patients, including 22,284 young and middle‐aged males, 15,651 older males, 11,948 young and middle‐aged females, and 11,028 older females. After adjusting for variables, older male patients had a higher mortality rate (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.01–1.45), combined with more frequent hematoma expansion (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.03–1.26), pneumonia (OR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.81–2.03), and hydrocephalus (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.04–1.59). Young and middle‐aged female patients had a lower mortality rate (OR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.58–0.95) and less frequent combined pneumonia (OR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.75–0.87). In‐hospital mortality was not significantly different in older females compared with young and middle‐aged males, but the odds of deep vein thrombosis, swallowing disorders, urinary tract infections, and gastrointestinal bleeding were significantly higher.ConclusionAmong young and middle‐aged patients, females are related to a lower in‐hospital mortality rate from ICH. Older patients are at an increased risk of ICH complications, with higher in‐hospital mortality in older men.
TAT‐LBD‐Ngn2‐improved cognitive functions after global cerebral ischemia by enhancing neurogenesis
Authors: Feng Bin , Jia Sansan , Li Liya , Wang Jiajia , Zhou Fang , Gou Xingchun , Wang Qiang , Xiong Lize , Zeng Yi , Zhong Haixing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundStroke is the major cause of adult neurocognitive disorders (NCDs), and presents a significant burden on both of the families and society. To improve the cerebral injury, we generated a blood–brain barrier penetrating peptide TAT‐LBD‐Ngn2, in which Ngn2 (Neurogenin2) is a classical preneural gene that enhances neurogenesis, and neural precursor cells survival and differentiation. We previously demonstrated that it has a short‐term protective effect against cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury. However, it is uncertain if TAT‐LBD‐Ngn2 could promote neurogenesis to exhibit long‐term therapeutic impact.Methods and resultsIn present study, TAT‐LBD‐Ngn2 was administered for 14 or 28 days following bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAO). After confirming that TAT‐LBD‐Ngn2 could cross the brain blood barrier and aggregate in the hippocampus, we conducted open field test, Morris water maze and contextual fear conditioning to examine the long‐term effect of TAT‐LBD‐Ngn2 on cognition. We discovered that TAT‐LBD‐Ngn2 significantly improved the spatial and contextual learning and memory on both days 14 and 28 after BCCAO, while TAT‐LBD‐Ngn2 exhibited anxiolytic effect only on day 14, but had no effect on locomotion. Using western blot and immunofluorescence, TAT‐LBD‐Ngn2 was also shown to promote neurogenesis, as evidenced by increased BrdU+ and DCX+ neurons in dentate gyrus. Meanwhile, TAT‐LBD‐Ngn2 elevated the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor rather than nerve growth factor compared to the control group.ConclusionsOur findings revealed that TAT‐LBD‐Ngn2 could dramatically promote learning and memory in long term by facilitating neurogenesis in the hippocampus after global cerebral ischemia, indicating that TAT‐LBD‐Ngn2 may be an appealing candidate for treating poststroke NCD.
Rh‐endostatin plus camrelizumab and chemotherapy in first‐line treatment of advanced non‐small cell lung cancer: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Pu Xingxiang , Wang QianZhi , Liu Liyu , Chen Bolin , Li Kang , Zhou Yu , Sheng Zengmei , Liu Ping , Tang Yucheng , Xu Li , Li Jia , Kong Yi , Xu Fang , Xu Yan , Wu Lin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundClinical evidence of immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with antiangiogenic drugs in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was limited. Recombinant human endostatin (rh‐endostatin), an antiangiogenic drug, and camrelizumab, an anti‐PD‐1 antibody, have been approved for the treatment of advanced NSCLC in China. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of rh‐endostatin plus camrelizumab and chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced NSCLC.MethodsEligible patients were enrolled and received camrelizumab (200 mg, day 1) every 3 weeks and continuous intravenous infusion of rh‐endostatin (70 mg/day, days 1–3) and cisplatin combined with pemetrexed (for adenocarcinoma) or paclitaxel (for NSCLC other than adenocarcinoma) every 3 weeks. Primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and safety profiles.ResultsOverall, 27 patients were included, and 25 patients were eligible for efficacy evaluation. For these 25 patients, ORR was 48.15% (13/27) and DCR was 85.19% (23/27). With a median follow‐up of 10.37 months, the median PFS was 8.9 (95% CI: 4.23–13.57) months. Median OS was not reached. Overall, 96.3% of patients experienced at least one treatment‐related adverse event, and grade 3 TRAEs occurred in 9 (33.3%) patients. No unexpected AEs were observed.ConclusionRh‐endostatin plus camrelizumab and chemotherapy showed favorable efficacy and safety profile in patients with advanced NSCLC, representing a promising treatment regimen for these patients.
Anaphylaxis induced by intra‐articular injection of chitosan: A case report and literature review
Authors: Peng Shengxin , Liang Yuanhao , Xiao Wenshan , Liu Yang , Yu Mengya , Liu Lei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGenerally, we consider chitosan being a safe, nontoxic natural polymer with wide clinical applications. However, allergic reactions caused by chitosan have been reported on rare occasions. We report here a case of allergy and perform a literature review.
Management of an extensive form of verrucous hemangioma with staged skin grafting: A case report
Authors: Sharma Samit , Rayamajhi Aadesh , Chapagain Abhishek , Shrestha Jayan Man 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA 20‐year‐old male presented with large and extensive lesions of verrucous hemangioma involving the left lower extremity. The lesions were excised in the supra‐fascial plane. After 10 days, the split‐thickness skin graft was applied over the raw area resulting in good graft take.
One‐Electron Injection‐triggered Radical Reaction of Alkyl Benzoates Promoted by 1,4‐Bis(diphenylamino)benzene Photocatalysis
Authors: Koike Takashi , Okumura Ryo , Kato Tomoki , Abe Manabu , Akita Munetaka 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe ester group is one of the most ubiquitous functional groups in natural products and synthetic organic molecules. Herein, we describe the photocatalytic generation of alkyl radicals from readily accessible alkyl benzoate esters. The excited organic photocatalyst 1,4‐bis(diphenylamino)benzene (BDB) plays a vital role as a one‐electron injector. The present photoredox‐catalytic system realizes the hydroxy‐1,1‐dialkylfluoroethylation of aromatic alkenes. Finally, a strategy is developed for generation of fluoroalkyl radicals from the corresponding readily available 2‐fluorinated 1,1‐dialkylethanols.
Three Sides of the Same Coin: Combining Microbial, Enzymatic, and Organometallic Catalysis for Integrated Conversion of Renewable Carbon Sources
Authors: Mengers Hendrik G. , Guntermann Nils , Graf von Westarp William , Jupke Andreas , Klankermayer Jürgen , Blank Lars M. , Leitner Walter , Rother Dörte 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAll catalysts have unique abilities. This is especially true for microbial, enzymatic, and organometallic catalysis, which are often seen as competitive approaches preventing the exploitation of their complementarity. An increasing number of examples show, how using the complete catalytic spectrum can open roads from new substrates to new products. C1‐compounds such as formate, formaldehyde, methanol, or methane from CO2 in combination with green H2 are likely to be future sources of carbon feedstock. This short review highlights how combinations of different catalyst types can facilitate integrated reaction sequences with biogenic substrates to form “bio‐hybrid” fuels and products.
Tetramethylammonium Iodide Additive for Enhancing the Charge Carrier Mobilities of Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Based Conjugated Polymer in Ambipolar Organic Field‐Effect Transistors†
Authors: He Waner , Liu Qian , Otep Sultan , Matsumoto Hidetoshi , Manzhos Sergei , Sonar Prashant , Kyaw Aung Ko Ko , Michinobu Tsuyoshi 
Published: December 2022

Comprehensive SummaryDiketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) is one of the most promising building blocks for constructing polymer semiconductors with high charge‐carrier mobilities in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). In this study, a novel DPP‐based conjugated polymer, PDPPy‐BDD, was designed and synthesized. The ambipolar field‐effect transistor characteristics were realized with the average hole and electron mobilities of 3.5 × 10–3 and 3.07 × 10–2 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. Both the hole and electron mobilities could be successfully enhanced by using a tetramethylammonium iodide (NMe4I) additive. Such an enhancement was attributed to the formation of stronger interchain π–π stackings, the weakening of the face‐on packing orientation in the thin film state, and the higher channel conductivities in the OFETs.