bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foliar and Hopperbox Treatments with Orthene for the Control of Cotton Fleahoppers and Aphids, 1983
Authors: Benedict J. H. , Segers J. C. , Walmsley M. H. , Treacy M. F. , Schmidt K. M. , Maher B. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field study was conducted on the Texas A&M Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Corpus Christi, TX, to determine the efficacy of Orthene 75S applied at different rates and formulations compared to Bidrin and an untreated check. The plot design was randomized complete block with 4 replications of 9 treatments. Plots were 8 rows wide by 40 ft and were planted on 28 Mar in beds spaced 38 inches apart. The soil type was Victoria sandy clay loam. The planting rate was 20 lb seed/acre. The plots of slurry treated seed received 0.075 lb (AI)/acre of Orthene 75S (based on 8 oz/100 lb seed). Foliar insecticides were applied with a backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver four gal of solution/acre in a band 20 inches wide on 16 May and 3 Jun. Aphids were sampled in the check and hopperbox treatments by examining 40 inches of row per plot, 36 Jays after planting. Fleahopper numbers and damage were determined weekly by visual examinations of 50 terminals per plot from 13 May to 6 jun.
Effect of Selected Insecticides on Black Cutworm in Cotton, 1985
Authors: Burris Gene , Graves J. B. , Pavloff A. M. , Donaldson Fred 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton was double planted at the Northeast Research Station for thick stands on 40-inch rows. One-m plots were arranged in randomized complete block design (4 replications) with 3-row separation to reduce drift. A 6-inch flexible lawn edge guard was cut and placed around the plots to confine worms. Stand counts were made on the date of infestation (1 May). Ten 5 to 7-day-old worms per plot were infested 24 h prior to treatment. Plots were treated with a 3-gal compressed air sprayer utilizing a hand spray boom calibrated to deliver 10 gal/acre. Treatments were applied 2 May and stand counts were made daily for 5 days following treatment.
Chemical Control of the Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm in Oklahoma 1985
Authors: Doss Michael , Price Richard , Neese Paul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted at the South Central Research Station, Chickasha, OK. The cotton cultivar Stoneville 213 was planted on 29 May at a rate of 20 lb/acre. A randomized complete block design with 3 replications was utilized with plots containing 8 rows, 200 feet long. Spray applications were made with a John Deere Hi-Cycle 6000 sprayer traveling at 4.5 mph. The John Deere pumping unit was replaced with a Marco system equipped with a roller pump and powered by a 3 horsepower Briggs and Straton engine. Chemical applications were made using 1 hollow cone nozzle (spraying systems No. 8) per row with an output of 5 gal/acre at 40 psi. Three insecticide applications were made starting on 24 Jul followed by 1 Aug and 21 Aug. Treatments were to be applied on weekly intervals, however rainfall for the month of August made this impossible. Rainfull during this period was measured in inches and is as follows: 22 Jul, 0.04; 25 Jul, 0.07; 26 Jul, 0.22; 5 Aug, 1.06; 7 Aug, 1.65; 14 Aug, .78; 15 Aug, 0.08; for a total of 3.9 inches. Damage estimates were made by collecting at random 100 fruits from the upper one third of the plants in each plot.
Chemical Control of Carmine Spider Mite on Cotton, 1985
Authors: Fitt Johnny R. , Teetes George L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Stoneville 213' cotton was planted 7 May in rows spaced 40 inches apart. The experimental design for both experiments was a randomized complete block with 4 replications of 7 treatments including an untreated check. Plots for both studies were 6 rows wide and 60 ft long. Insecticide treatments were applied to the middle 2 rows of each plot with a high-clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 8 gal of solution per acre through 2 TX-4 hollow cone nozzles per row at 43 psi and 2 mph. Insecticide treatments in both experiments were applied only once. Insecticide treatments in the first study received 0.8 inches of rain 1.5 h after completion of insecticide applications. Counts of adult female mites per leaf were made 5 and 10 days after treatment by examining the fifth mainstem node leaf on 5 plants per plot. Leaves inspected were tagged to ensure that the same leaves were sampled throughout the experiment. The number of adult female mites per leaf were counted in the field with the aid of a 5X lens. Yield for both experiments was calculated from hand harvested cotton of one 20-ft section of row per plot. Seed cotton weights were used for analysis. All cotton in each experiment was treated with Azodrin 17 May for thrips control. Cygon was applied 13 Jun for fleahopper control and Cythion RTU was applied 24 Jun for boll weevil control. Ammo was applied 1 and 12 Jul for control of Heliothis spp. Percent control due to treatment was calculated by Henderson's formula.
Early Season Insecticide Study (Msu), 1985
Authors: Luttrell R. G. , Bell M. , Reed J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The relative efficacy of 24 insecticide treatments was evaluated at the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS. Statistical design was randomized complete block with 4 replications. Plots were 4 rows (38-inch centers) by 50 ft with 2 untreated rows between plots. Treatments except “as needed” treatments were applied on 3, 10, 14, 24 Jun, and 1 and 8 Jul. “As needed” treatments were applied to individual plots within treatments as indicated by scouting results. Application dates and average applications per plot for the “as needed” treatments were: Orthene, 3, 14 and 24 Jun, 1 and 8 Jul (average, 3.75); Cygon, 3 and 24 Jun, and 1 Jul (average 3.0); Cymbush, 3 and 24 Jun, 1 and 8 Jul (average, 3.25). All treatments were applied by spray tractor with 2 Teejet 4X nozzles/row calibrated for 6.5 gal/acre. All plots were oversprayed as follows (rates are lbs (AI)/acre): 12 Jul (Guthion 0.25); 19 Jul (Guthion 0.25 + Lorsban 0.5); 30 Jul (Guthion 0.25 + Ammo 0.05); 3 Aug (Guthion 0.25); 8 Aug (Pydrin 0.1); 14 Aug (Guthion 0.25 + Mavrik .05 + Bidrin 0.2); 21 Aug (Guthion 0.25 + Pay-off0.06 + Fundal 0.125); 23 Aug (Guthion 0.25); 27 Aug (Guthion 0.25 + Cymbush 0.06 + Fundal 0.125 + Bidrin 0.02); 30 Aug (Guthion, 0.25 + Cymbush 0.06 + Fundal 0.25). The 2 center rows of each plot were mechanically harvested 17 and 18 Oct. Cotton was scouted for thrips on 7 and 13 Jun by shaking plants into a cigar box. Whole plant counts on 5 row ft were made on 26 Jun, 2 Jul, and 10 Jul.
Insecticide Efficacy Against Heliothis Spp., 1985
Authors: Luttrell R. G. , Bell M. , Reed Jack 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twenty-seven insecticide treatments were evaluated at the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, using a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Plots were 4 rows (38 inch centers) by 50 ft with 2 untreated rows between plots. Applications were made by spray tractor with 2 Teejet 4X nozzles per row, calibrated lor a total volume of 6.5 gal/acre. Treatment dates were 17 and 31 Jul, 8 and 13 Aug ‘85. All plots were oversprayed as follows (rates are lb (AI)/acre): 5, 10 and 25 Jun (Orthene 0.33); 19 Jul (Guthion 0.25 + Lorsban 0.5); 30 Jul and 9 Aug (Guthion 0.25); 21 Aug (Pay-Off 0.08 + Guthion 0.25); 23 Aug (Pydrin 0.1 + Guthion 0.25); 27 and 30 Aug (Pydrin 0.1 + Guthion 0.25 + Fundal 0.125). Efficacy of treatments was evaluated by random sampling of 25 terminals and 25 squares per plot on 5, 12 and 15 Aug, and by whole plant examination on all plants in 5 row ft on 23 Aug. The center 2 rows of each plot were picked mechanically on 17-18 Oct.
Microbial Study, 1985
Authors: Luttrell R. G. , Haney J. , Grant B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used to evaluate biological insecticides against Heliothis spp. at the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississipi State University, Starkville, MS. Plots were 4 rows (38-inch centers) by 50 ft. Applications were made by tractor with 2 Teejet 4X nozzles per row at a total volume of 6.5 gal/acre. All plots were treated 24 Jul and 12 Aug. Elcar and Dipel treatments included applications at approximately 1, 3 and 5-day intervals. AH plots were oversprayed as follows (rates are lb (AI)/acre): 10 Jun (Orthene, 0.33); 30 Jul, 3 and 9 Aug (Guthion, 0.25); 21 Aug (Guthion, 0.25 + Pay-Off, 0.06 + Fundal, 0.125); 23 Aug (Guthion, 0.25); 27 Aug (Guthion, 0.25 + Cymbush, 0.06 + Fundal, 0.125 + Bidrin, 0.2); 30 Aug (Guthion, 0.25 + Cymbush, 0.06 + Fundal 0.125). Cotton was scouted by randomly examining 25 terminals and 25 squares per plot within the center 2 rows on 14 Aug. The center 2 rows were mechanically harvested 17 Oct.
Evaluation of Temik for Control of Insect Pests on Cotton, 1985
Authors: Treacy M. F. , Benedict J. H. , Schmidt K. M. , Hopkins S. W. , Davidson T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A large plot field study was conducted on a commercial farm near Tivoli, TX, to evaluate Temik for control of early-season insect pests on cotton. Four treatments and an untreated check were compared in 32-row by 1500 ft plots of cotton planted 7 Apr on 38 inch rows. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Temik was applied in the seed furrow at-planting with John Deere plastic hopper boxes. Side-dress applications of Temik were made at the matchhead square stage (31 May) with Gandy hopper boxes mounted to a tool bar equipped with Lilston rolling cultivators. Rainfall measuring ca. 10 inches occurred at the test site during the period 8-18 Apr. There was no rainfall for nearly 3 wk following the side-dress applications. Efficacy of the treatments was evaluated by inspecting: (1) the terminals of 30 randomly chosen plants in each plot for the presence of fleahopper nymphs and (2) the terminal leaves (third leaf from the apex) of 30 randomly chosen plants in each plot for the presence of aphids. Seed cotton was hand-harvested twice from designated 6.8-ft sections of row in each plot for yield analysis.
Effects of Droplet Characteristics of Permethrin Sprays Applied in Vegetable Oil and Water on Control of Heliothis Spp. in Cotton; 1984
Authors: Wofford J. T. , Luttrell R. G. , Smith D. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A small plot field study was conducted on the Plant Science Research Farm of the Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State, MS, to determine if insecticide carriers (vegetable oil and water) and droplet characteristics (droplet size and droplet concentration) influence control of Heliothis spp. in cotton. Four-row plots (3.87 m × 15.24 m) with 10-row buffers were planted to ‘Stoneville 825’ on 15 May and 1 Jun (2 replications required replanting) in a randomized complete block design. Vegetable oil treatments were varied by manipulating droplet size with Micro Max rotary atomizers set at 1600, 3500 and 5000 RPM and by using 3 different application rates (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 gpa) attained by varying the ground speed. Water treatments were similarly varied by using 3 different droplet sizes, attained with TX-6, TX-4 and TX-1 hollow cone nozzles, and 3 volumetric application rates (3.0, 6.0 and 12.0 gpa) attained by varying the number of nozzles per row and the ground speed. Permethrin (Pounce 3.2 EC) was used at 0.1 lb (AI)/acre for all droplet size-carrier-volumetric application rate combinations. The controls consisted of a water-only treatment, an oil only treatment and an untreated. Treatments were applied on 15, 20 and 27 Aug. Plots were evaluated 17 Aug by randomly pulling 25 squares from plants in each plot and observing the number of squares damaged by Heliothis spp. larvae. On 25 Aug whole-plant observations were made on 5 row feet to observe Heliothis spp. damage and numbers of fruiting structures present. On 5 Oct open bolls, unopened bolls and total bolls were counted on 5 row feet in each plot. Yield data were obtained by mechanically harvesting the 2 center rows of each plot on 21 Nov.
Apple, Evaluation of M0070616 + SD014114 (VENDEX) in Full-Season and in Post-Bloom Applications, 1985
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
M0070616, a pyrethroid insecticide, was tank mixed with variable rates of Vendex and applied to mature semi-dwarf ‘Red Delicious’ trees with a Bean 35 gal/min hydraulic sprayer operating at 400 psi. Single tree treatments were used and replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Trees were sprayed to runoff. Application dates were 4 Apr (pre-pink), 18 Apr (pink), 1 May (petal-fall), 21 May, 3 Jun, 27 Jun, 10 Jul and 9 Aug. Each rate of Vendex plus M0070616 was tested as a full season treatment and as a post-bloom treatment. A standard treatment (Lorsban) was included and the post-bloom plots of M0070616 plus Vendex were treated the same as the standard for pre-bloom applications. ERM was evaluated periodically throughout the season by randomly selecting 25 leaves/trees, brushing with a modified Henderson-McBurnie mite brushing machine onto glass plates and counting motile mites and eggs with a binocular microscope. Full-season and post-bloom treatments of M0070616 alone, as well as the unsprayed check required 1 application of Kelthane 4F (16 fl ox/100) on 18 Jun to reduce ERM to manageable levels.
Insecticide Control of Sorghum Midge in Georgia, 1985
Authors: All J. N. , Javid A. , Chamberlin J. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Planted 21 Jun, University of Georgia Experiment Station, Oconee Co. Soil type was Appling coarse loamy sand. Randomized complete block experimental design with 2 row plots × 6.5-m long × 1-m n w width × 1-m alleys. 5 replicates. Plants treated with a full cone spray using an air pressure sprayer at 30 psi in a final volume of 500 liter/ha directid on the heads when 15% of the panicles were in bloom, on 5 Aug and repeated on 9 Aug. Twenty-five consecutive plants in each plot were examined on 25 Oct and the percent head damage (seed loss) by sorghum midge was estimated.
Efficacy of Insecticides Against Green Cloverworm Larvae, 1985
Authors: Higgins R. A. , Neuman-Dye P. , Blodgett S. L. , Gibb T. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Naturally infested early-pod stage (R4) soybean plants were treated on 26 Aug. Insecticides control were applied to plots arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. All plots consisted of 4 adjacent rows 7.5 m long with 76-cm interrow spacings. Sprays were applied in water (25 gpa) with a CO2 de-powered backpack sprayer equipped with 80 degree hollow cone nozzles.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Sunflower Moth, 1984
Authors: DePew L. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ten insecticide treatments were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling sunflower moth larvae. Test plots were established in an irrigated field of sunflower at the Garden City Branch Experiment Station, Garden City, KS. A randomized block design was utilized with 4 replications. Individual plots included 4 rows 12 m long (76-cm between rows) with 1.52-m alleys separating replicates. Insecticides were broadcast applied using a backpack CO2 pressurized sprayer equipped with Cone Jet hollow-cone sprayer nozzles (TX6). The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 165.5 1 of finished formulation/ha at an operating pressure of 2.1 kg/cm2. Sprays were applied on 6 and 11 Jul when plants were in the 30% and 100% bloom stage, respectively. Treatments were evaluated 27 Jul by selecting 5 heads from each plot and placing them into large Berlese funnels for dry-down and larval recovery. After 48 h, heads were removed from the funnels and examined for additional larvae that might have remained in the heads. Larvae were counted and recorded as total number per 5 heads. Total rainfall from first treatment until posttreatment evaluation was 1.47 cm. Yield data were not obtained in this test because of a variation in plant stand and bird depredation on maturing seed before harvest.
Apple, Full Season Insecticide Test, 1985
Authors: Howitt Angus J. , Hays Alan R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to a completely randomized block. Each treatment consisted of single trees replicated 4 times. Sprays were applied in 255 gal of finished spray per acre by a Bean orchard sprayer. Sprays were applied 11 May (PF), 25 May, 6 Jun, 19 Jun, 1 Jul, 14 Jul, 27 Jul, 8 Aug, 20 Aug and 5 Sep 85. Evaluations were made by examining 100 apples per replication for injury and categorizing the injuries by their respective pest. A single mite count was made in midseason by collecting 50 leaves from each replication and brushing them in a mite brushing machine. The resulting plates were examined using a stereo binocular microscope recording the numbers of ERM and predaceous mites on each plate.
Tobacco Flea Beetle and Hornworm Control with Soil Insecticides, 1985
Authors: Pless C. D. , Shamiyeh N. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven soil-applied insecticide treatment were evaluated at the Tobacco Experiment Station, Greeneville. Granular and liquid formulations were applied and incorporated prior to transplanting on 20 May. Plots were 30 ft × 4 rows with 40-inch spacing between rows; plants were spaced 18 inches apart. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Flea beetle damage was reported as average number of feeding holes/10 leaves; counts were made on the fifth leaf (of width greater than 2 inches) from the top of the plant. Hornworm damage was counted on 3 Jul and expressed as % plants damaged. Soil type was Hermitage silt loam, 2-5% slope, and pH of 6.0.
Armyworm Control in Wheat, 1984
Authors: Noetzel David M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were located in Chippewa county 6 mi east of Milan, MN. Plots were 25 ft by 50 ft replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied in approximately 20 gal of total material per acre using a hand held CO2 sprayer at 40 psi pressure. Applications were made 10 Jul. Both living and dead larvae were counted in a 6-inch wide strip from one corner to the plot center.
Aphid Control of Late Planted Wheat with Foliar Applied Insecticides, 1985
Authors: Johnston Richard L. , Halbert Susan , Bishop Guy W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Twin’ wheat was planted 26 Apr. at the University of Idaho Research and Extension Center, Caldwell, ID, in a furrow-irrigated field. Plots were 5 ft wide by 20 ft long and each bordered by a 3-ft buffer strip. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications. Sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized sprayer at 35 psi delivering 40 gal water/acre. Early sprays (2-4 aphids/tiller) were applied 27 Jun. Late milk and dough-stage sprays were applied on 9 and 12 Jul respectively. All other sprays were applied on 3 Jul. Aphids were sampled by examining 10 tillers taken at random through the length of the plot. Plots were counted on 4, 8, 16, and 23 Jul. Plots were harvested and yield taken 27 Aug.
Armyworm Control in Wheat, 1985
Authors: McPherson Robert M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three insecticidal treatments were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling armyworms in soft red winter wheat. Foliar insecticides were applied on 22 May on small grain grown on the Eastern Virginia Research Station in Richmond County, VA. A completely random experimental design was incorporated with 3 replications. Individual plots were 50 × 6 ft spaced 12 ft apart. Spray concentrate was applied with a CO2 sprayer at 22 psi that delivered 11.7 gal of finished formulation per acre. Flat Fan, Tee Jet AL8002, nozzles were used. The efficacy of individual treatments was determined 1, 7, and 14 days after application by inspecting 3 row-ft (on both sides of a single row) for the presence of live armyworm larvae.
Foliar Insecticides for Hessian Fly Control in Morocco, 1985
Authors: Regehr David L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three postemergence-applied insecticides were evaluated at 3 different rates, to determine their potential for protecting wheat already infested with Hessian fly eggs. Insecticides were applied 13 Dec to durum wheat at the 2-leaf stage, growing on the SOGETA Farm, 3 km west of Settat, Morocco. Five to 10 unhatched fly eggs were present per plant, mostly on the first leaf. Treatments were applied with a CO2-powered, hand-carried plot sprayer, with flat-fan (8001) tips, calibrated to deliver 24 gpa at 40 psi. Plots were 1.8m by 10m, replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Air temperature at application was 21°C. Weather was sunny and warm for 14 days following treatment, followed by a cool, rainy period. Twenty days after treatment, 10 plants were sampled from each plot and evaluated for tiller number, total living larvae per plant, percent of tillers with living fly larvae, and percent of plants with living larvae.
Insecticides for Hessian Fly Control in Morocco, 1985
Authors: Regehr David L. , Wilde Gerald E. , Hatchett Jimmy H. , Keith David L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The objective of this trial was to identify reliable methods for preventing Hessian fly damage to wheat research plots in Morocco. Wheat was planted, and in-furrow/planting-time (IF/PT) treatments applied, on 6 Nov, to durum spring wheat. Plots measured 2 m by 11 m, arranged in randomized complete blocks with 4 replications. Foliar applications of Malathion, Metasystox, Croneton (ethiofencarbe), and Perfekthion (dimethoate) were begun when wheat was at the 2-leaf stage and repeated at intervals when warm weather favored fly activity (dates shown on table). They were applied with a CO2-powered sprayer with flat-fan (8002) tips calibrated to deliver 24 gpa at 30 psi. One treatment received 2 surface broadcast applications of Furadan 5G. Hessian fly infestation was examined on 10 and 4 plants per plot, sampled on 30 Dec and 27 Mar, respectively. Ten weeks without rain, starting in February, caused severe water stress and early senescence. On 9 May a 2-m2 sample was cut from each plot for straw and grain yield.
Chokecherry, Efficacy of Experimental Insecticides Against Eastern Tent Caterpillar, Carroll Co., OH, 1984
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental insecticides were evaluated for efficacy against late instar eastern tent caterpillars infesting roadside chokecherry. A KWH backpack mistblower operating at 0.5 throttle at aperature setting 3 was used to deliver ca. 300 ml of finished spray to the dominant tent and surrounding foliage in each of 4, single-tree replicates per treatment. The sky was sunny at 27°C with a breeze of 15-25 kph during application on 1 Jun. Treatment effectiveness was assessed on 4 Jun by dismantling the dominant tent in each sprayed tree and counting the number of living and dead caterpillars.
Control of Elm Leaf Beetle Larvae with Kryocide and San 416, FT. Collins, Co, 1985
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Wawrzynski Robert P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Siberian elm foliage was sprayed August 29 to point of run-off using a hand operated mister. Two terminals on the tree were sprayed with each treatment. Foliage was immediately collected after drying, cut, and divided into 10 Petri dishes/treatment. Field collected larvae were placed in each dish at the rate of 10 larvae/dish. Leaves were replaced daily, collecting from the treated foliage. Elm leaf beetle mortality was assessed 24 and 96 h after exposure of larvae to treated foliage.