bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel secretion modification region (SMR) peptide exhibits anti-metastatic properties in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Huang Ming-Bo , Brena Dara , Wu Jennifer Y. , Roth William W. , Owusu Samuel , Bond Vincent C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBreast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide, with nearly 90% attributed to metastatic progression. Exosomes containing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) ‘programs’ transmit pro-metastatic phenotypes. Our group discovered and developed a novel anti-cancer SMR peptide that antagonizes breast cancer cell exosome release resulting in cell cycle arrest and tumor growth suppression. This study aims to evaluate the anti-metastatic capabilities of the SMR peptide, focusing on exosomes and EMT. Breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 were treated with the SMRwt peptide, and the following assays were performed: cell wound-healing, migration, invasion. The SMRwt peptide consists of the following amino acid sequence VGFPVAAVGFPVDYKDDDDK and contains the SMR domain (66VGFPV70) of the HIV-1 Nef protein. Western blot analysis detected epithelial and mesenchymal markers to evaluate EMT progression. Extracellular vesicle type and quantity were assessed through NanoSight analysis. Mortalin and Vimentin knockdown was achieved through antibody targeting and miRNAs. Data gathered demonstrated that the SMR peptide interacts with Mortalin and Vimentin to inhibit pro-EMT exosome release and induce EMT tumor suppressor protein expression. Specifically, SMRwt treatment reduced mesenchymal markers Mortalin and Vimentin expression, while the epithelial marker E-cadherin expression was increased in breast cancer cells and breast cancer-derived exosomes. The SMR peptide specificity was identified as no effect was observed for MCF-10A exosome release or function. Direct Mortalin knockdown paralleled the results of SMR peptide treatment with an effective blockade of breast cancer cell migration. Conversely, the invasion assay differed between breast cancer cell lines with invasion blocked for in MCF-7 but not in MDA-MB-231. These results reinforce the therapeutic value of targeting breast cancer exosome release and reinforce Mortalin and Vimentin as critical regulators and therapeutic targets in breast cancer cell progression, EMT, and metastatic potential. A greater understanding of the SMR peptide mechanism of action will benefit the therapeutic design of anti-metastatic agents.
Main-group metal elements as promising active centers for single-atom catalyst toward nitric oxide reduction reaction
Authors: Wu Qian , Huang Baibiao , Dai Ying , Heine Thomas , Ma Yandong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCurrent research efforts on single-atom catalysts (SACs) exclusively focus on nonmetal or transition-metal atoms as active centers, while employing main-group metal elements is seemingly excluded because their delocalized s/p-bands are prone to yield a broadened resonance for the interaction with adsorbates. Here, we use high-throughput first-principles calculations to investigate the possible incorporation of Mg, Al, and Ga to form graphene-based SACs for NO reduction reaction (NORR) toward NH3. 51 SAC candidates with different metal coordination environments have been computationally screened employing a rationally designed four-step process, yielding six SACs with high catalytic activity and NORR selectivity. The performance is rationalized by the modulation of s/p-band filling of the main-group metals. The adsorption free energy of NO is identified as an efficient descriptor for such SACs. The underlying physical mechanism is revealed and generally applicable to other main group metal SACs. These fundamental insights extend NORR SACs to main-group metal elements.
Invadopodia enable cooperative invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells
Authors: Perrin Louisiane , Belova Elizaveta , Bayarmagnai Battuya , Tüzel Erkan , Gligorijevic Bojana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInvasive and non-invasive cancer cells can invade together during cooperative invasion. However, the events leading to it, role of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the consequences this may have on metastasis are unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that the isogenic 4T1 and 67NR breast cancer cells sort from each other in 3D spheroids, followed by cooperative invasion. By time-lapse microscopy, we show that the invasive 4T1 cells move more persistently compared to non-invasive 67NR, sorting and accumulating at the spheroid-matrix interface, a process dependent on cell-matrix adhesions and independent from E-cadherin cell-cell adhesions. Elimination of invadopodia in 4T1 cells blocks invasion, demonstrating that invadopodia requirement is limited to leader cells. Importantly, we demonstrate that cells with and without invadopodia can also engage in cooperative metastasis in preclinical mouse models. Altogether, our results suggest that a small number of cells with invadopodia can drive the metastasis of heterogeneous cell clusters.
miR-182-5p promotes hepatocyte-stellate cell crosstalk to facilitate liver regeneration
Authors: Xiao Ting , Meng Wen , Jin Zhangliu , Wang Jing , Deng Jiangming , Wen Jie , Liu Bilian , Liu Meilian , Bai Juli , Liu Feng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA unique feature of the liver is its high regenerative capacity, which is essential to maintain liver homeostasis. However, key regulators of liver regeneration (LR) remain ill-defined. Here, we identify hepatic miR-182-5p as a key regulator of LR. Suppressing miR-182-5p, whose expression is significantly induced in the liver of mice post two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH), abrogates PH-induced LR in mice. In contrast, liver-specific overexpression of miR-182-5p promotes LR in mice with PH. Overexpression of miR-182-5p failed to promote proliferation in hepatocytes, but stimulates proliferation when hepatocytes are cocultured with stellate cells. Mechanistically, miR-182-5p stimulates Cyp7a1-mediated cholic acid production in hepatocytes, which promotes hedgehog (Hh) ligand production in stellate cells, leading to the activation of Hh signaling in hepatocytes and consequent cell proliferation. Collectively, our study identified miR-182-5p as a critical regulator of LR and uncovers a Cyp7a1/cholic acid-dependent mechanism by which hepatocytes crosstalk to stellate cells to facilitate LR.
Longitudinal transmission of bacterial and fungal communities from seed to seed in rice
Authors: Kim Hyun , Jeon Jongbum , Lee Kiseok Kieth , Lee Yong-Hwan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVertical transmission of microbes is crucial for the persistence of host-associated microbial communities. Although vertical transmission of seed microbes has been reported from diverse plants, ecological mechanisms and dynamics of microbial communities from parent to progeny remain scarce. Here we reveal the veiled ecological mechanism governing transmission of bacterial and fungal communities in rice across two consecutive seasons. We identify 29 bacterial and 34 fungal members transmitted across generations. Abundance-based regression models allow to classify colonization types of the microbes. We find that they are late colonizers dominating each community at the ripening stage. Ecological models further show that the observed temporal colonization patterns are affected by niche change and neutrality. Source-sink modeling reveals that parental seeds and stem endosphere are major origins of progeny seed microbial communities. This study gives empirical evidence for ecological mechanism and dynamics of bacterial and fungal communities as an ecological continuum during seed-to-seed transmission.
S2k-Leitlinie SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 und (Früh-) Rehabilitation
– eine Kurzfassung mit allen Empfehlungen im
Überblick
Authors: Platz Thomas , Berghem Stefan , Berlit Peter , Dewey Stefan , Dohle Christian , Fickenscher Helmut , Grill Eva , Guha Manju , Köllner Volker , Kramer Axel , Reißhauer Annett , Schlitt Axel , Schultz Konrad , Steimann Monika , Zeeb Hajo 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDie S2k-Leitlinie SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 und (Früh-) Rehabilitation macht
auf der Basis einer Güterabwägung Handlungsanleitungen, die
sowohl der Infektionsprävention, als auch den therapeutischen Zielen der
Patient*innen Rechnung tragen. Die Leitlinie thematisiert in einem
ersten Teil das Infektionsschutz-bezogene Vorgehen während der
COVID-19-Pandemie generell bei Maßnahmen der Rehabilitation,
einschließlich der Frührehabilitation. In einem zweiten Teil
geht es um die Versorgung von COVID-19-Patient*innen mit rehabilitativen
Therapieverfahren auf Intensivstationen und im Akutkrankenhaus, der
Frührehabilitation, der Rehabilitation (Anschluss-Rehabilitation,
Heilverfahren) und der ambulanten und Langzeit-Betreuung nach COVID-19,
u. a. bei längerer Persistenz von Symptomen (Long- bzw.
Post-COVID-19).Bei der aktuellen Version 2 der Leitlinie (Stand 1.11.2021) handelt es sich um
eine konsensbasierte Leitlinie mit repräsentativem Gremium sowie einer
strukturierten Konsensfindung (S2k-Leitlinie). Insgesamt nahmen 15
Fachgesellschaften an der Leitlinienerstellung und –konsentierung teil.
In dieser Kurzfassung der Leitlinie werden alle Empfehlungen im
Überblick wiedergegeben.
Performance measures for colonoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease patients: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Dekker Evelien , Nass Karlijn J. , Iacucci Marietta , Murino Alberto , Sabino João , Bugajski Marek , Carretero Cristina , Cortas George , Despott Edward J. , East James E. , Kaminski Michal F. , Karstensen John Gásdal , Keuchel Martin , Löwenberg Mark , Monged Ashraf , Nardone Olga M. , Neumann Helmut , Omar Mahmoud M. , Pellisé Maria , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Rutter Matthew D. , Bisschops Raf 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) presents a short list of performance measures for colonoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Current performance measures for colonoscopy mainly focus on detecting (pre)malignant lesions. However, these performance measures are not relevant for all colonoscopy indications in IBD patients. Therefore, our aim was to provide endoscopy services across Europe and other interested countries with a tool for quality monitoring and improvement in IBD colonoscopy. Eight key performance measures and one minor performance measure were recommended for measurement and evaluation in daily endoscopy practice.
Developmental Anomalies of the Inferior Vena Cava and its Tributaries: What the Radiologist Needs to Know?
Authors: Verma Mansi , Pandey Niraj Nirmal , Ojha Vineeta , Kumar Sanjeev , Ramakrishnan Sivasubramanian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInferior vena cava (IVC) can be involved by a wide gamut of developmental anomalies owing to its complex embryogenesis. Developmental anomalies of the IVC are not infrequent, seen in approximately 8.7% of the general population. Although most of the anatomical variations are asymptomatic, identification of these variations is important before planning any vascular surgery or interventional procedure in relation to the IVC to avoid inadvertent complications. Conventional venography has largely been replaced by noninvasive cross-sectional imaging modalities for detecting IVC abnormalities. Ultrasonography, often used for initial evaluation, is highly operator-dependent and the infrarenal part of IVC is often obscured by bowel gases. While magnetic resonance imaging is devoid of radiation risks, its use is limited due to limited availability and the frequent need for sedation. Computed tomography (CT) venography plays a pivotal role in the detection of these anomalies as it has an excellent spatial resolution along with availability of multiple postprocessing tools such as multiplanar reconstruction with generation of maximum intensity projection and volume-rendered images. This pictorial review focuses on the embryogenesis of IVC, various developmental anomalies of the IVC and its tributaries, their appearance on CT venography and conceivable clinical relevance.
Unleashing the Mystery of a Treated Case of Medulloblastoma
Authors: Ashtekar Renuka M. , Epari Sridhar , Shetty Prakash M. , Sahu Arpita A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMedulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Despite advancement in treatment modalities, recurrence remains common, even among those treated with a combination of neurosurgery, craniospinal irradiation, and chemotherapy. The diagnosis of recurrence is usually not difficult in these cases. However, it may pose a challenge in cases with unusual clinical presentation and imaging. Imaging findings on magnetic resonance imaging, with application of perfusion, in conjunction with positron emission tomography-computed tomography can help in clinching the diagnosis in such cases. MB subgroups show consistent patterns even in cases of recurrence, and sonic hedgehog group MB may present as local recurrence showing enhancement with no diffusion restriction, as demonstrated in this case.
Trigeminal Nerve Melanotic Schwannoma in Carney Complex
Authors: Sharath Kumar G.G. , Shruthi Panduranga , Pooja B. Varwatte , Ravi Mohan Rao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMelanotic schwannoma (MS) is a rare peripheral nerve sheath tumor commonly found in the thoracic paraspinal region. It is present in an intracranial location rarely, with 18 out of 105 MS cases described in the literature. Trigeminal nerve was involved in only six of these cases. Fifty percent of psammomatous melanotic schwannoma (PMS) patients have Carney complex. Carney complex is an autosomal dominant disorder featuring peripheral nerve tumors (schwannomas), myxomas (heart, skin, and breast), skin pigmentation (lentigines and blue nevi), and endocrine tumors (adrenal, testicular, and pituitary). We present a case of left trigeminal nerve PMS as a part of Carney complex. Patient had diffuse lentiginosis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging revealed enhancing lesion along left trigeminal nerve with widened Meckel's cave and foramen ovale. Final diagnosis of PMS was derived on clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings with immunohistochemistry correlation.
Key Message
Trigeminal nerve can be rarely involved in melanotic schwannoma (MS). Knowledge of typical radiological features of MS is crucial for its diagnosis. Its association with Carney complex should be sought.
Invertebrate research without ethical or regulatory oversight reduces public confidence and trust
Authors: Brunt Michael W. , Kreiberg Henrik , von Keyserlingk Marina A. G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEthical and regulatory oversight of research animals is focused on vertebrates and rarely includes invertebrates. Our aim was to undertake the first study to describe differences in public confidence, trust, and expectations for the oversight of scientists using animals in research. Participants were presented with one of four treatments using a 2 by 2 design; terrestrial (T; mice and grasshoppers) vs. aquatic (A; zebrafish and sea stars) and vertebrates (V; mice and zebrafish) vs. invertebrates (I; grasshoppers and sea stars). A representative sample of census-matched Canadian participants (n = 959) stated their confidence in oversight, trust in scientists and expectation of oversight for invertebrates on a 7-point Likert scale. Participants’ open-ended text reasoning for confidence and expectations of oversight were subjected to thematic analysis. Participants believed invertebrates should receive some level of oversight but at two-thirds of that currently afforded to vertebrates. Four primary themes emerged to explain participant expectation: (1) value of life, (2) animal experience, (3) participant reflection, and (4) oversight system centered. Confidence in oversight was highest for TV (mean ± SE; 4.5 ± 0.08) and AV (4.4 ± 0.08), less for TI (3.8 ± 0.10), and least for AI (3.5 ± 0.08), indicating the absence of oversight decreased public confidence. Four themes emerged to explain participant confidence, centered on: (1) animals, (2) participant reflection, (3) oversight system, and (4) science. Trust in scientists was similar for TV (4.3 ± 0.07) and AV (4.2 ± 0.07), but higher for TV compared to TI (4.1 ± 0.07) and TV and AV compared to AI (4.0 ± 0.06); absence of oversight decreased public trust in scientists. These results, provide the first evidence that the public believe invertebrates should receive some level of oversight if used for scientific experiments. The gap that exists between current and public expectations for the oversight of invertebrates may threaten the social licence to conduct scientific research on these animals.
Chemical interference with DSIF complex formation lowers synthesis of mutant huntingtin gene products and curtails mutant phenotypes
Authors: Deng Ning , Wu Yun-Yun , Feng Yanan , Hsieh Wen-Chieh , Song Jen-Shin , Lin Yu-Shiuan , Tseng Ya-Hsien , Liao Wan-Jhu , Chu Yi-Fan , Liu Yu-Cheng , Chang En-Cheng , Liu Chia-Rung , Sheu Sheh-Yi , Su Ming-Tsan , Kuo Hung-Chih , Cohen Stanley N. , Cheng Tzu-Hao 
Published: August 2022

Earlier work has shown that siRNA-mediated reduction of the SUPT4H or SUPT5H proteins, which interact to form the DSIF complex and facilitate transcript elongation by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), can decrease expression of mutant gene alleles containing nucleotide repeat expansions differentially. Using luminescence and fluorescence assays, we identified chemical compounds that interfere with the SUPT4H-SUPT5H interaction and then investigated their effects on synthesis of mRNA and protein encoded by mutant alleles containing repeat expansions in the huntingtin gene (
HTT
), which causes the inherited neurodegenerative disorder, Huntington’s Disease (HD). Here we report that such chemical interference can differentially affect expression of
HTT
mutant alleles, and that a prototypical chemical, 6-azauridine (6-AZA), that targets the SUPT4H-SUPT5H interaction can modify the biological response to mutant
HTT
gene expression. Selective and dose-dependent effects of 6-AZA on expression of
HTT
alleles containing nucleotide repeat expansions were seen in multiple types of cells cultured in vitro, and in a
Drosophila melanogaster
animal model for HD. Lowering of mutant HD protein and mitigation of the
Drosophila
“rough eye” phenotype associated with degeneration of photoreceptor neurons in vivo were observed. Our findings indicate that chemical interference with DSIF complex formation can decrease biochemical and phenotypic effects of nucleotide repeat expansions.
Effects of electromyostimulation on performance parameters in sportive and trained athletes: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Micke Florian , Held Steffen , Lindenthal Jessica , Donath Lars 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTThis systematic review and network meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different electromyostimulation (EMS) interventions on performance parameters in athletes. The research was conducted until May 2021 using the online databases PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and SPORTDiscus for studies with the following inclusion criteria: (a) controlled trials, (b) EMS trials with at least one exercise and/or control group, (c) strength and/or jump and/or sprint and/or aerobic capacity parameter as outcome (d) sportive/trained subjects. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and random effects models were calculated. Thirty‐six studies with 1.092 participants were selected and 4 different networks (strength, jump, sprint, aerobic capacity) were built. A ranking of different exercise methods was achieved. The highest effects for pairwise comparisons against the reference control “active control” were found for a combination of resistance training with superimposed EMS and additional jump training (outcome strength: 4.43 SMD [2.15; 6.70 CI]; outcome jump: 3.14 SMD [1.80; 4.49 CI]), jump training with superimposed whole‐body electromyostimulation (WB‐EMS) (outcome sprint: 1.65 SMD [0.67; 2.63 CI]) and high intensity bodyweight resistance training with superimposed WB‐EMS (outcome aerobic capacity: 0.83 SMD [−0.49; 2.16 CI]). These findings indicate that the choice of EMS‐specific factors such as the application mode, the combination with voluntary activation, and the selection of stimulation protocols has an impact on the magnitude of the effects and should therefore be carefully considered, especially in athletes. Superimposed EMS with relatively low volume, high intensity and outcome‐specific movement patterns appeared to positively influence adaptations in athletes.
Mechanical power flow from trunk and lower limb joint power to external horizontal power in the track and field block start
Authors: Sado Natsuki , Yoshioka Shinsuke , Fukashiro Senshi 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTSprint start performance is measured as the horizontal external power, the time‐average rate of horizontal kinetic energy generation. Although joint powers have been examined, not all segment rotations on which positive powers are exerted necessarily contribute to forward propulsion; details regarding horizontal power remain unclear. Here we show the contributions of segment rotations to the forward and upward propulsion. We calculated the joint power exerted on each segment and the contributions from segment rotations to the normalised average horizontal and vertical external powers ( and ) during the sprint start by 12 male sprinters. Over half (55 ± 6%) is due to the front thigh rotation (0.30 ± 0.04), on which the hip and knee exert positive power. Pelvic rotation does not contribute to (0.00 ± 0.01). This highlights the importance of the hip‐extensors strength and the need for it accompanied by the lumbar‐extensors strength cancelling out the hip‐extensors action on the pelvis and promoting hip‐extensor‐induced thigh rotation. The front thigh rotation decreases (−0.08 ± 0.02). is primarily induced by rotations of the thorax (0.04 ± 0.01), lumbar region (0.06 ± 0.02), and pelvis (0.04 ± 0.01). Rotations of the lower‐limb segments did not contribute to upward propulsion. Therefore, the front thigh induces downward movement, which is counterbalanced by the trunk segments. We bridge the gap in the current understanding from joint power to . We present a case involving segments on which positive joint powers are exerted similarly but play different roles: forward or upward propulsion, thereby providing insights into directional control mechanisms in explosive initiation of motion.
Optical conductivity of ultrathin Floquet topological insulators
Authors: Shah Muzamil , Khan Niaz Ali , Sajid Muhammad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we theoretically investigate the topological aspects of a 3D ultrathin topological insulator in the presence of an irradiated off-resonant circularly-polarized light field. Based on the Floquet formalism we treat the light field as an external perturbation which introduces an effective energy term in the system Hamiltonian and hence, gives mass to the massless Dirac fermions at the surfaces of the Floquet topological insulators (FTIs). By controlling the strength of the off-resonant light field we manipulate the interplay between the hybridization energies of the top and bottom surface states (SSs), and the effective energies induced by the irradiated light field to open and close band gaps of the SSs Dirac electrons. This gives rise to topologically nontrivial and trivial phases. We calculate the longitudinal and transverse conductivities of the FTI thin film and show that these strongly depend on the strength of the irradiated light field. The behavior of conductivities signatures TQPTs between distinct topological insulating phases.