bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salt, Fat, Acid, Heat: Modulators of Signal Transduction
Authors: Favichia Michelle , Gibney Theresa , Kowalewski Karl , Pani Ariel , Deppmann Christopher 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Signal transduction pathways are heavily dependent on interactions with the cellular environment. The same environmental elements that make food tasty (salt, fat, acid, heat) have profound impacts on many other aspects of protein function. Transducing sensory information involves a change in receptor confirmation on a sensory neuron/end organ (e.g. taste bud), which allows perception of salt, fat, acid and heat. Beyond our perception, however, are the wide‐ranging effects that these environmental elements have on the intracellular signal transduction pathways which impacts every aspect of cell, tissue, organ and organism function. The proteins constituting signalling pathways are constantly receiving environmental information including ionic charges (salt), hydrophobicity (fat), protonation state (acid) and thermal energy (heat).

Key Concepts

Signal transduction pathways can be altered by environmental fluctuations.

Salts dissociate into their separate ionic forms. Regulating ion type and concentration are important for maintaining protein structure, enzyme activity, protein interactions and controlling ion channels.

Lipid modifications can influence a protein's microdomain localisation to its target cell and impact ease of intracellular or extracellular diffusion.

Fluctuations in pH alter the protonation state of proteins and ion channels which can impact its specificity, affinity to binding partners, structural dynamics and the pathways that are activated.

Temperature changes (e.g. extreme hot or cold) can inactivate and denature proteins generally but specifically may gate temperature‐sensitive ion channels [i.e.
transient receptor potential
(
TRP
) channels]. Changes in temperature can also reveal gain or loss of function phenotypes for mutations that confer less severe phenotypes at physiological temperatures, as exemplified by numerous temperature‐sensitive alleles used in genetics and cell biology experiments.
Genetics of Vitiligo
Authors: Roberts Genevieve HL , Spritz Richard A 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVitiligo is an autoimmune disease that results in destruction of skin melanocytes and patches of white skin and hair. Family studies of vitiligo demonstrated that a strong, but complex genetic component underlies disease risk and that vitiligo often occurs with other autoimmune diseases, suggesting shared autoimmune susceptibility. Genome‐wide linkage and association studies have identified over 50 vitiligo susceptibility loci, with most loci harbouring genes involved in immune regulation, apoptosis or melanocyte function. The identified loci fit together in a model of melanocyte‐directed autoimmunity, and many loci are shared with other autoimmune diseases. Surprisingly, some genetic vitiligo susceptibility alleles are inversely associated with melanoma, suggesting that vitiligo may represent enhanced immune surveillance against melanoma. Genetic studies of vitiligo have greatly advanced understanding of vitiligo pathobiology and may additionally provide insights into melanoma and other autoimmune disease.Key ConceptsVitiligo is an autoimmune disease in which destruction of skin melanocytes results in patches of white skin and hair.Vitiligo heritability is approximately 80% in Caucasians, about two‐thirds attributable to common genetic variants and one‐third to rarer variation.Vitiligo risk in both familial and sporadic cases follows a polygenic additive model, principally involving common risk alleles as well as unknown environmental triggers.Over 50 loci have been genetically associated with vitiligo, principally in Caucasian populations, though several exhibit trans‐ethnic association with vitiligo in other populations.Most vitiligo‐associated loci encode components of the immune system or proteins involved in melanogenesis; some of the latter comprise vitiligo autoantigens. Together, these provide a possible framework for vitiligo pathogenesis.Vitiligo is epidemiologically associated with several other autoimmune diseases, and nearly half of vitiligo‐associated loci are also associated with these other diseases. Though themajor histocompatibility complex(MHC) is associated with most of these diseases, in vitiligo principal MHC association appears to be regulatory rather than protein coding.Some loci that encode melanocyte proteins exhibit inverse association between vitiligo and melanoma and other skin cancers, suggesting that vitiligo may represent dysregulated immune surveillance against melanoma.
Interpersonal factors and mental well‐being are associated with accuracy in judging the veracity of political news
Authors: Rauwolf Paul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMore work needs to be done to understand how mental well‐being and interpersonal factors are associated with biases in judging the veracity of true and false political information. Three days before the 2020 U.S. presidential election, 477 participants guessed the veracity of true and false political statements. Interpersonal factors (e.g., high prosociality and a need to belong) and mental health risk factors (e.g., high depressive symptoms and low eudaimonic well‐being) were highly associated with believing false information. Further, positive well‐being was associated with assessing news with a partisan bias. Next, hierarchical regression was used to better understand the combination of factors which best predict accurate judgments. To reduce the chances of overfitting, out‐of‐sample validation was used. About 40% of the variance for believing false information was explained by high prosociality and low well‐being. In addition, well‐being mediated the effects of political ideology when assessing the veracity of political information.
A Generic Sacrificial Layer for Wide‐Range Freestanding Oxides with Modulated Magnetic Anisotropy
Authors: Peng Huining , Lu Nianpeng , Yang Shuzhen , Lyu Yingjie , Liu Zhiwei , Bu Yifan , Shen Shengchun , Li Mingqiang , Li Zhuolu , Gao Lei , Lu Sicheng , Wang Meng , Cao Hui , Zhou Hua , Gao Peng , Chen Hanghui , Yu Pu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFreestanding oxide nanomembranes have promising applications because of their novel electronic states and flexible crystalline structures. Several materials have been developed as sacrificial layers to exfoliate thin films from substrates via wet‐etching. However, these materials face great challenges in terms of either complicated crystalline structures or corrosive solutions. Here, a new sacrificial material, SrCoO2.5, is presented, which can be coherently grown with wide‐range strains and crystalline orientations and is also soluble in eco‐friendly solutions such as acetic acid, vinegar, and even carbonated drinks. With SrCoO2.5 as the sacrificial layer, high‐quality freestanding ferromagnetic SrRuO3 membranes are achieved from wide‐range epitaxial strains and different crystalline orientations. By investigating the evolution of the magnetic properties of these samples, it is discovered that epitaxial strain causes a distinct modification of the magnetic anisotropy of (001)pc‐oriented SrRuO3 samples, while its influence on the (110)pc and (111)pc samples is insignificant. This study not only demonstrates the freestanding SrRuO3 as a promising material for flexible spintronic devices, but also offers a great opportunity to engineer a wide range of strained and oriented complex oxides for novel freestanding electronics using this newly developed sacrificial material.
Modulation of Mo–Fe–C Sites Over Mesoscale Diffusion‐Enhanced Hollow Sub‐Micro Reactors Toward Boosted Electrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Gong Feilong , Liu Mengmeng , Gong Lihua , Ye Sheng , Jiang Qike , Zeng Guang , Zhang Xiaoli , Peng Zhikun , Zhang Yonghui , Fang Shaoming , Liu Jian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSimultaneously engineering the mesoscale mass transfer and surface reactions on the electrode can promote the kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, it is reported that the simultaneous modulation of the mesoscale diffusion and Mo–Fe–C sites formation over monodispersed hollow Fe@MoS2–C sub‐micro reactors for boosted OER performance. According to finite element simulation and analysis, the hollow nanostructured MoS2–C host possesses better mesoscale diffusion properties than its solid and yolk–shell counterparts. Notably, the sulfur vacancies and intercalated carbon in the sub‐micro reactor offer a unique microenvironment for Fe anchoring on Mo–Fe–C sites. The stability and activity of the sites are revealed by theoretical calculations. The resultant Fe@MoS2‐C presents an OER overpotential of 194 mV, which is much better than those of the Fe‐based single‐atom catalysts reported in the data. This monodispersed sub‐micro reactor involves the modulation of mesoscale diffusion and single‐atom sites, and it may have broad prospects for complex electrocatalytic reactions.
Combining Both Acceptorless Dehydrogenation and Borrowing Hydrogen Mechanisms in One System as Described by DFT Calculations
Authors: Cicolella Alessandra , C. D'Alterio Massimo , Duran Josep , Simon Sílvia , Talarico Giovanni , Poater Albert 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe mechanisms for the formation of N‐substituted hydrazones by coupling of alcohols and hydrazine, achieved by the sequential processes of acceptorless dehydrogenation and borrowing hydrogen, has been unveiled by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The release of water and molecular hydrogen as subproducts, combined with the Mn‐PNN pincer based catalyst describe a green environment. Mechanistically, apart from describing a complex system of three coupled catalytic pathways, calculations describe the pivotal role of two intermediates, which participate in two catalytic pathways each one. Finally, predictive catalysis plays the role to push forward this reaction toward milder conditions, and thus in line with green chemistry standards.
Impacts of winter grazing on soil health in southeastern cropping systems
Authors: Crowell Hayley , Gamble Audrey V. , Feng Yucheng , Balkcom Kipling , Yang Anna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCoastal Plain soils are often characterized by low soil organic carbon (SOC) as a result of natural and anthropogenic factors. A rotation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under conventional tillage is typical in this region, but an opportunity to increase SOC and improve soil health by incorporating winter grazing of cover crops exists for producers with row crop and livestock operations. A study to assess winter grazing impacts on soil health was established in the U.S. Coastal Plain. Three cattle removal dates and an ungrazed control were evaluated for impacts on selected soil health indicators: SOC, permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), water stable aggregates (WSA), penetration resistance (PR), microbial biomass C (MBC), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization rates. After two years, MBC was highest in the control treatments, likely due to greater cover crop biomass on the soil surface at termination. No differences were observed between treatments for SOC, POXC, WSA, PR, or AMF. Increased cotton lint yield was observed in control and mid‐February treatments in 2019, likely due to greater cover crop residues on the soil surface following grazing, which may have conserved soil moisture during the growing season. Peanut yields were unaffected by treatments in 2020. Lack of differences in soil health indicators suggests that integrating winter‐grazing livestock does not negatively nor positively impact selected dynamic soil properties in the short‐term, but more time under grazing treatments is needed to thoroughly evaluate how winter‐grazing livestock impacts soil health and crop yield.
Sodium Borates: Expanding the Electrolyte Selection for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ould Darren M. C. , Menkin Svetlana , Smith Holly E. , Riesgo‐Gonzalez Victor , Jónsson Erlendur , O'Keefe Christopher A. , Coowar Fazlil , Barker Jerry , Bond Andrew D. , Grey Clare P. , Wright Dominic S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are a promising grid‐level storage technology due to the abundance and low cost of sodium. The development of new electrolytes for SIBs is imperative since it impacts battery life and capacity. Currently, sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF6) is used as the benchmark salt, but is highly hygroscopic and generates toxic HF. This work describes the synthesis of a series of sodium borate salts, with electrochemical studies revealing that Na[B(hfip)4]⋅DME (hfip=hexafluoroisopropyloxy, OiPrF) and Na[B(pp)2] (pp=perfluorinated pinacolato, O2C2(CF3)4) have excellent electrochemical performance. The [B(pp)2]− anion also exhibits a high tolerance to air and water. Both electrolytes give more stable electrode‐electrolyte interfaces than conventionally used NaPF6, as demonstrated by impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, they give greater cycling stability and comparable capacity to NaPF6 for SIBs, as shown in commercial pouch cells.
Modular Introduction of endo‐Binding Sites in a Macrocyclic Cavity towards Selective Recognition of Neutral Azacycles
Authors: Xu Kaidi , Li Bin , Yao Shibo , Li Zhaoxian , Lu Yunfeng , Dong Ming , Qiu Jianfeng , Luo Liqiang , Li Chunju 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMacrocycles with a functionalized interior, which is a general cavity feature of bioreceptors, are relatively hard to synthesize. Here we report a modular strategy to customize diverse endo‐binding sites in the macrocycle cavity. Only two steps are needed. First, one V‐shaped functional module bearing an embedded binding site and two 2,5‐dimethoxyphenyls as reaction modules are connected. Then the condensation of the resulting monomer and paraformaldehyde directly produces the designed macrocycle. V‐shaped monomers are deliberately used to guarantee the binding sites equatorially directing inward into the cavity and 2,5‐dimethoxyphenyls standing axially as macrocycle sidewalls. More than a dozen endo‐functionalized macrocyclic receptors have been constructed. Host–guest complexation studies show that macrocycle BP1‐decorated interior OH moieties can strongly encapsulate neutral azacycles by forming inner hydrogen bonds, giving a high association constant of 4.59×104 M−1 in non‐polar media.
Programmed Supramolecular Assemblies Using Orthogonal Pairs of Heterodimeric Coiled Coil Peptides
Authors: Jiang Linhai , Zuo Xiaobing , Li Jianping , Traaseth Nathaniel J. , Kirshenbaum Kent 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite recent progress, it remains challenging to program biomacromolecules to assemble into discrete nanostructures with pre‐determined sizes and topologies. We report here a novel strategy to address this challenge. By using two orthogonal pairs of heterodimeric coiled coils as the building blocks, we constructed six discrete supramolecular assemblies, each composed of a prescribed number of coiled coil components. Within these assemblies, different coiled coils were connected via end‐to‐side covalent linkages strategically pre‐installed between the non‐complementary pairs. The overall topological features of two highly complex assemblies, a “barbell” and a “quadrilateral” form, were characterized experimentally and were in good agreement to the designs. This work expands the design paradigms for peptide‐based discrete supramolecular assemblies and will provide a route for de novo fabrication of functional protein materials.
Asymmetric Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Hydroalkylation of Racemic Allylic Alcohols for the Synthesis of Chiral Amino Acid Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Ma Wei , Zhang Jinyu , Tang Weijun , Xue Dong , Xiao Jianliang , Sun Huaming , Wang Chao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe asymmetric hydroalkylation of racemic allylic alcohols has been developed for the synthesis of chiral amino acid derivatives with two remote chiral centers by borrowing hydrogen catalysis. The stereoselectivities are controlled by a single chiral Ru catalyst via a dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation process and an interesting diastereoselectivity amplification process of the product. The method could be used for the synthesis of several types of biologically important molecules, including stereodivergent synthesis of chiral pyrrolidine derivatives.
An ecological resilience index to improve conservation action for stream fish habitat
Authors: Tracy Erin E. , Infante Dana M. , Cooper Arthur R. , Taylor William W. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Stream fishes are increasingly threatened by consequences of climate change that will alter stream habitats. Conservation of stream ecosystems will be more effective if management actions retain or restore essential structures and functions that promote ecosystem resilience to disturbance.
This study developed a method for assessing the resilience of stream fish habitat in Michigan, USA. Three sub‐indices comprising different components of resilience were derived using information on natural landscape features, human impacts and habitat heterogeneity. These sub‐indices were combined into a single overall index to broadly characterize resilience.
Mapping sub‐indices show that stream resilience based on natural features varies across Michigan, whereas resilience reduced by human impacts decreases from north to south, corresponding to patterns in human population density and land use. Higher stream resilience occurs in the Upper and Northern Lower Peninsulas of Michigan which have more natural features and fewer human impacts, although some resilient streams also occur in the Southern Lower Peninsula, suggesting that there are opportunities in every part of the state for protecting resilient streams.
Resilience index scores combined with modelled distributions of a fish species of conservation importance show locations where specific conservation action would be most effective in protecting or improving habitat for this species.
The assessment of Michigan stream resilience provides new information for supporting conservation strategies and action in relation to expected changes caused by climate change. It also offers an approach that can be applied in other regions.
A Graphene Oxide‐based Covalent Resorufin‐Conjugated Fluorescence “OFF‐ON” Probe for Detection of Hydrazine
Authors: Guo Qiang , Zhang Jie , Sun Hongyan , Chen Jian Lin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe unique properties of graphene oxide (GO), such as good water solubility, non‐toxicity, biocompatibility and cell permeability, make GO well suited for a number of biological applications. In this study, we explore the application of GO as an efficient fluorescent quencher for a highly fluorescent organic dye, resorufin (RF). The quenching effect of GO on resorufin is studied by noncovalent and covalent bonding of resorufin, respectively. The fluorescence is completely quenched when resorufin is covalently linked to GO; while resorufin's fluorescence could be still observed through noncovalent bonding to GO sheet. Interestingly, addition of hydrazine into RF‐GO complex causes the fluorescence recovered, providing a potential ‘‘OFF‐ON’’ fluorescence responsive probe for detecting hydrazine in vitro and in living cells.
A dual‐mode optical assay for iron(II) and gallic acid based on Fenton reaction
Authors: Qi Li , Ding Hao , Lu Changfang , Wang Xianxiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe hydroxyl radicals (·OH) produced by the Fenton reaction of iron(II) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can oxidize the colorless 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to blue oxidized TMB (Ox‐TMB), resulting in a decrease in the fluorescence intensity of the reaction system and an increase in ultraviolet absorption. Ox‐TMB had a visible absorption peak at 625 nm and a fluorescence peak around 420 nm. When gallic acid (GA) was added to the system, Ox‐TMB was reduced to TMB, which made the color of the system disappear and the fluorescence recover. The linear ranges for determination of iron(II) were 0.5–10 μM (fluorometric) and 0.5–20 μM (colorimetric), and the detection limits were 0.25 μM (fluorometric) and 0.28 μM (colorimetric). The linear ranges for determination of GA were 0–80 μM (fluorometric) and 0–60 μM (colorimetric), and the detection limits were 0.31 μM (fluorometric) and 0.8 μM (colorimetric). The results of anti‐interference experiments shew that this dual‐mode assay had very good selectivity for the determination of iron(II) and GA.
Eremophilane and Cadinene Sesquiterpenes from Syringa oblata and Their Protective Effects against Hypoxia‐Induced Injury on H9c2 Cells
Authors: Tai Badalahu , Bai Laxinamujila , Yu Muyao , Liu Juan , Zheng Han , Huang Luqi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSeven sesquiterpenes including four eremophilanes (1–4) and three cadinenes (5–7), were isolated from the heartwood of Syringa oblata Lindl. Among them, three new eremophilane‐type sesquiterpenes were identified and named oblatanoids A–C (1–3), respectively. Their structures were established by extensive analyses of spectroscopic methods, and their absolute configurations were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. All these new compounds were evaluated for protective effects against hypoxia‐induced injury on H9c2 cells, and 1–3 exhibited significantly protective activities toward H9c2 cells in vitro.
An Enantiomeric Fragment Pair (EFP) Approach for the Study of Cellular Uptake of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
Authors: Foley Alejandro R , Raskatov Jevgenij A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe study of intrinsically disordered and amyloidogenic proteins poses a major challenge to researchers due to the propensity of the system to aggregate and to form amyloid fibrils and deposits. This intrinsic nature limits the way amyloids can be studied and increases the level of complexity of the techniques needed to study the system of interest. Recent reports suggest that cellular recognition and internalization of pre‐fibrillary species of amyloidogenic peptides and proteins may initiate some of its toxic actions. Therefore, developing novels tools to facilitate the understanding and determination of the interactions between intrinsically disordered proteins and the cellular membrane is becoming increasingly valuable. Here, we present and propose an approach for the study of the interactions of intrinsically disordered proteins with the cellular surface based on the use of enantiomeric fragment pairs (EFPs). By following a stepwise methodology in which the amyloidogenic peptide or protein is fragmented into specific segments, we show how this approach can be exploited to differentiate between different types of cellular uptake, to determine the degree of receptor‐mediated cellular internalization of intrinsically disordered peptides and proteins, and to pinpoint the specific regions within the amino acid sequence responsible for the cellular recognition. Adopting this approach overcomes aggregation‐related challenges and offers a particularly well‐suited platform for the elucidation of receptor‐intermediated recognition, uptake, and toxicity.
Case report: Severe brain hypoxic damages after acute methanol poisoning
Authors: Abidi Ameni , Souid Asma , B Abdallah Khalaf , Hammami Nadia , Siala Selima , Brahmi Nozha , B Hamouda Mohamed 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMethanol poisoning is a challenging clinical situation with irreversible neurologic complication mainly encountered in developed countries. We report a case of a 50‐year‐old patient who presented with methanol poisoning, symptomatic of respiratory and neurologic failure. In this context, cerebral magnetic resonance imaging concluded entangled injury mechanisms leading to neurologic failure.