bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sensitivity of Diagnostic Criteria of Marais S, et al. in Confirmed Childhood Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: Wang Mao-Shui , Wang Jun-Li , Liu Xin-Jie , Zhang Yan-An 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundTo establish the sensitivity of the diagnostic criteria published by Marais and co-workers in 2010 for childhood tuberculous meningitis (TBM), a retrospective study on children with confirmed TBM was conducted.MethodsBetween January 2006 and December 2019, children consecutively diagnosed with TBM were recruited retrospectively at our center. TBM was defined in cases where any of the following criteria were met: the presence of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) microscopy, CSF nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT, +), or M.tuberculosis cultured from CSF. The demographic and clinical features of all enrolled patients were recorded including clinical characteristics, CSF findings, cerebral imaging features, and other evidence of TB.ResultsA total of 30 children with confirmed diagnosis of TBM over an 14-year period were recruited. The mean age of patients was 7.2 ± 5.1 years and 16 (53.3%) were male. The estimated mean diagnostic score was 12.7 ± 2.4. Twenty-three (76.7%; 95% CI: 59.1–88.2%) patients were classified as “probable TBM” according to the Marais criteria and 7 (23.3%; 95% CI: 11.8–40.9%) as “possible TBM.” Further statistical analysis revealed significant differences in CSF scores between probable and possible TBM groups. Other variables reported at a relatively low frequency, such as symptoms and imaging features, made little contribution to TBM diagnosis according to the Marais criteria.ConclusionChildhood TBM could be effectively identified by the criteria defined by Marais et al. However, further revision is required to ensure that the system is more sensitive and easier to perform in practice.
Resilience and Anxiety Among Healthcare Workers During the Spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant: A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Liu Ying , Hou Tianya , Gu Hongjuan , Wen Jing , Shao Xiaoqin , Xie Yawei , Deng Wenxi , Dong Wei 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of SARS-COV-2 has caused a surge in COVID-19 cases worldwide, placing a great burden on the health care system under the zero-tolerance epidemic prevention policy in China. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety among health care workers during the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, and to discuss the mediating role of positive coping style between resilience and anxiety, and the moderating role of general self-efficacy.MethodConnor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) were used in this cross-sectional study among 390 healthcare workers in Jiangsu Province, China. Mackinnon's four-step procedure was applied to test the mediation effect, and Hayes PROCESS macro was conducted to examine the moderated mediation model.ResultsThe prevalence of anxiety among Chinese healthcare workers during the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant was 41.8%. Male, unmarried, childless and younger subjects reported higher levels of anxiety. Positive coping partially mediated the effect of resilience on anxiety among healthcare workers and the indirect effect was stronger with the increase of general self-efficacy.ConclusionsAnxiety was prevalent among healthcare workers during the spread of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant. This research sheds new light on the potential mechanism underlying the association between resilience and anxiety and provides new insight into the prevention of anxiety among healthcare workers during the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant.
Health of International Migrant Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review
Authors: Oliva-Arocas Adriana , Benavente Pierina , Ronda Elena , Diaz Esperanza 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and control measures adopted have had a disproportionate impact on workers, with migrants being a group specifically affected but poorly studied. This scoping review aims to describe the evidence published on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical and mental health of migrant workers.MethodsPapers written in English covering physical and mental health among international migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, retrieved from six electronic databases searched on July 31, 2021, were included. A total of 1,096 references were extracted, of which 26 studies were finally included.ResultsMost of the migrant populations studied were born in Asia (16 of 26) and Latin America (8 of 26) and were essential workers (15 of 26). Few studies described the length of stay in the host country (9 of 26), the legal status of the migrant population (6 of 26), or established comparison groups (7 of 26). Ten studies described COVID-19 outbreaks with high infection rates. Fourteen studies evaluated mental health (anxiety, depression, worries, fears, stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder). Three of the 26 studies presented collateral positive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic because of improved hygiene.ConclusionThere is a limited number of original publications related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical and mental health of migrant workers around the world. These publications mainly focus on migrants born in Asia and Latin America. The physical, long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has, so far, not been evaluated. The positive collateral effects of improving healthcare conditions for migrant workers should also be further investigated.
Use of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes to Predict the Cardiotoxicity Potential of Next Generation Nicotine Products
Authors: Simms Liam , Yu Fan , Palmer Jessica , Rudd Kathryn , Sticken Edgar Trelles , Wieczorek Roman , Chapman Fiona , Czekala Lukasz , Stevenson Matthew , O’Connell Grant 
Published: February 2022

Combustible cigarette smoking is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. By contrast, the cardiotoxicity potential of non-combustible next generation nicotine products (NGPs), which includes heated tobacco products (HTPs) and electronic vaping products (EVPs), and how this compares relative to combustible cigarettes is currently an area of scientific exploration. As such, there is a need for a rapid screening assay to assess this endpoint. The Cardio quickPredict is a metabolomics biomarker-based assay that uses human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) to screen for potential structural and functional cardiac toxicants based on the changes of four metabolites, lactic acid, arachidonic acid, thymidine, and 2′-deoxycytidine. The study aims were to investigate the cardiotoxicity potential of NGPs compared to cigarettes, in addition to nicotine. To accomplish this, hiPSC-CM were exposed to smoke or aerosol bubbled PBS samples: reference cigarette (1R6F); three variants of HTP; and three EVP variants. The 1R6F bPBS was the most active, having cardiotoxic potential at 0.3–0.6% bPBS (0.4–0.9 μg/mL nicotine), followed by HTP, which displayed cardiotoxic potential at a 10 times higher concentration, 3.3% bPBS (4.1 μg/mL nicotine). Both 1R6F and HTP bPBS (at 10-fold higher concentration than 1R6F) affected all four predictive metabolites, whereas none of the EVP bPBS samples were active in the assay up to the maximal concentration tested (10% bPBS). Nicotine tested on its own was predicted to have cardiotoxic potential at concentrations greater than 80 μg/mL, which is higher than expected physiological levels associated with combustible cigarette smoking. The application of this rapid screening assay to NGP research and the associated findings adds to the weight-of-evidence indicating that NGPs have a tobacco harm reduction potential when compared to combustible cigarettes. Additionally, this technique was shown to be sensitive and robust for the assessment of different NGPs and may be considered as part of a larger overall scientific framework for NGP assessments.
Characterisation of type 2 diabetes subgroups and their association with ethnicity and clinical outcomes: a UK real-world data study using the East London Database
Authors: Mathur Rohini , Hull Sally A , Hodgson Sam , Finer Sarah 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundSubgroups of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have been well characterised in experimental studies. It is unclear, however, whether the same approaches can be used to characterise T2DM subgroups in UK primary care populations and their associations with clinical outcomes.AimTo derive T2DM subgroups using primary care data from a multi-ethnic population, evaluate associations with glycaemic control, treatment initiation, and vascular outcomes, and to understand how these vary by ethnicity.Design and settingAn observational cohort study in the East London Primary Care Database from 2008 to 2018.MethodLatent-class analysis using age, sex, glycated haemoglobin, and body mass index at diagnosis was used to derive T2DM subgroups in white, South Asian, and black groups. Time to treatment initiation and vascular outcomes were estimated using multivariable Cox-proportional hazards regression.ResultsIn total, 31 931 adults with T2DM were included: 47% South Asian (n = 14 884), 26% white (n = 8154), 20% black (n = 6423). Two previously described subgroups were replicated, ‘mild age-related diabetes’ (MARD) and ‘mild obesity-related diabetes’ (MOD), and a third was characterised ‘severe hyperglycaemic diabetes’ (SHD). Compared with MARD, SHD had the poorest long-term glycaemic control, fastest initiation of antidiabetic treatment (hazard ratio [HR] 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.76 to 2.32), and highest risk of microvascular complications (HR 1.38, 95% CI = 1.28 to 1.49). MOD had the highest risk of macrovascular complications (HR 1.50, 95% CI = 1.23 to 1.82). Subgroup differences in treatment initiation were most pronounced for the white group, and vascular complications for the black group.ConclusionClinically useful T2DM subgroups, identified at diagnosis, can be generated in routine real-world multi-ethnic populations, and may offer a pragmatic means to develop stratified primary care pathways and improve healthcare resource allocation.
Una forma de hacer posible/visible otro modelo de Desarrollo
Authors: Meschini Paula 
Published: February 2022

El ingreso de América Latina en este tercer milenio implicó hacer frente a un mundo, caracterizado por una poli hegemonía, por el capitalismo financiero transnacional, por un sistema científico tecnológico monopolizado por las grandes corporaciones en medio de un fuerte proceso de pauperización y exclusión social. Cabe entonces, interpelarnos acerca de la posibilidad de habilitar zonas de refugio que presenten alternativas para hacer frente al neoliberalismo. En este sentido, se sostiene que la asunción del Pte. Néstor Kirchner (2003), abrió un intersticio que permitió el establecimiento de las bases políticas, macroeconómicas y jurídicas para el establecimiento de relaciones diferentes entre la sociedad, el mercado y el Estado viabilizando el surgimiento del Modelo de Desarrollo Argentino (MDA). La reducción de la pobreza, la recuperación del salario y del trabajo digno (OIT), en el marco de los convenios colectivos de trabajo, constan entre algunos de los muchos logros del MDA, que, sin embargo, expone aún cuestiones no resueltas propias de una sociedad todavía desigual. El presente artículo propone pensar el MDA desde una perspectiva descolonial del desarrollo que convoque a la construcción de un espacio semántico- discursivo para visibilizar e impulsar otras perspectivas de desarrollo, que permitan concebir y vivir la vida en diálogo con Nuestra América (J. Martí).
Solidaridad y formas de construcción de poder en el dispositivo de la economía social y solidaria
Authors: Presta Susana 
Published: February 2022

En el marco de las sucesivas crisis y transformaciones en los procesos socioeconómicos, el desempleo y las distintas formas de precarización del trabajo han crecido en las últimas décadas. En especial, luego de la crisis del 2001 en Argentina, las iniciativas vinculadas a la llamada economía social y solidaria se han extendido como una forma “alternativa” a las consecuencias disgregadoras de la economía de mercado. Nuestras reflexiones parten del trabajo de campo realizado en una cadena de valor textil artesanal en la región del Valle de Punilla (Córdoba, Argentina). En el presente artículo, nos centraremos en el modo en que confluyen distintas racionalidades de gobierno y sus implicancias en las formas de construcción de subjetividades en la economía social y solidaria. Nuestra hipótesis plantea que las tensiones en relación al concepto de solidaridad, que surgen en las prácticas de los sujetos, se vinculan con la construcción de formas de poder “híbridas”, sustentadas en la confluencia de distintas racionalidades de gobierno en el dispositivo estudiado.
Ideología, Ciencia y Trabajo Social
Authors: Elorza Ana Laura 
Published: February 2022

Los imaginarios y representaciones referidos a la ciencia se han configurado a partir de su oposición a la ideología, fundamentados en la concepción que las prácticas de generación de nuevos conocimientos deben ser neutrales y objetivas para alcanzar un conocimiento valido y confiable. Aunque esta concepción es ampliamente criticada aún sigue vigente, por lo que abordamos la relación entre ideología y ciencia buscando conocer las distintas modalidades en las que se fue configurando dicha relación y cómo ésta se ha definido en el Trabajo Social.
políticas públicas dirigidas al trabajo y la renta
Authors: Domíngues Junior Paulo Lourenço 
Published: February 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar la importancia de las políticas públicas en la solución de la «crisis de la sociedad del trabajo» en Latinoamérica, principalmente en Brasil, aunque también situaremos el caso Argentino. Tomamos como ejemplo empírico la ciudad de San Pablo, que elaboró en el período de 2001-2004 uno de los mayores programas sociales no sólo de Brasil sino de Latinoamérica, atendiendo a 492.212 familias. Estos programas actuaban de forma integrada y tenían como una de sus características principales el trabajo educativo y de inclusión social, procurando rescatar la ciudadanía de los beneficiarios. Este ejemplo nos ayuda a pensar algunas «salidas» o alternativas para la crisis del mercado de trabajo.
Intercambio socio-cultural en una institución de salud
Authors: Abiescasis Lucía 
Published: February 2022

El objetivo de la experiencia que se narra fue identificar nuevas prácticas que posibilitaran una intervención más integral en el Centro de Salud Comunidad Toba como resultado de la interrelación entre profesionales y promotores, portadores de los saberes de la cultura de la comunidad. El proceso se desarrolló desde el momento en que la institución promovió reuniones de promotoras, en la búsqueda de un mayor acercamiento con la comunidad.
Las intervenciones sociales con las infancias pobres antes y después de la ley 26.0611
Authors: Ripoll Sandra 
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo fue construido a partir de reflexiones colectivas y propias, producidas en el espacio del equipo de investigación que comparto con docentes de la carrera de Trabajo Social de la UNR. Me propongo revisar algunos de los aspectos acerca del impacto que produjo el cambio de legislación en las prácticas profesionales del Trabajo Social a partir de la promulgación de la Ley 26.061 de Protección de Derechos de Niñas, Niños y Adolescentes.
Examinaré, en primer lugar, los discursos acerca de la profesión, de su propio accionar y cómo este se inserta en el contexto social en que le toca intervenir. En un segundo módulo, trabajaré sobre las intervenciones sociales hacia la población infantil en Argentina, abordando la racionalidad construida a principios del siglo XX en el trabajo con niños y las condiciones de posibilidad que se dan a partir de la Convención Internacional de los Derechos del Niño, con la emergencia de un nuevo sujeto jurídico infantil: “El niño sujeto de Derechos”. Finalmente, abordaré la propuesta que realiza la ley 26.061 en los aspectos en que modifica la Ley anterior, para bucear sobre las rupturas y continuidades con las prácticas anteriores.
Deskripsi Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa Ditinjau dari Tipe Kepribadian Menurut Keirsey
Authors: Awi A. , Mulbar Usman , Sahriani S. 
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa dengan langkah Polya (memahami masalah, menyusun rencana, melaksanakan rencana dan menelusuri kembali) ditinjau dari tipe kepribadian menurut Keirsey. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif-deskriptif. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 4 orang dari siswa kelas XI SMA dengan satu subjek untuk masing-masing tipe kepribadian. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan instrumen penggolongan tipe kepribadian, tes pemecahan masalah, dan pedoman wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari masing-masing siswa yang bertipe kepribadian Keirsey, dalam memecahkan masalah matematika lebih cenderung pada siswa yang bertipe kepribadian Guardian dan Rational, dapat melakukan setiap tahapan pemecahan masalah Polya. Selanjutnya adalah tipe Idealist dan Artisan yang masih kurang pada tahap pemecahan masalah tertentu dari permasalahan yang diberikan.Kata Kunci : Pemecahan Masalah, Matematika Sekolah, Langkah Polya, Kepribadian Keirsey, Soal Non Rutin. This study aims to describe the student’s ability to solve mathematical problems with Polya's steps (understanding the problem, devising a plan, carrying out the plan and looking back,) viewed from personality types according to Keirsey. This research is descriptive-qualitative. The research subjects were 4 students from class XI of Senior High School, with one subject for each personality type. The research instrument uses personality type classification instruments, problem-solving tests, and interview guidelines. The results of the research showed that from each of the students with the type of Keirsey personality, in solve mathematical problems more tend to be on types of Guardian and Rational personalities, can do every step of Polya’s problem-solving. Next, are the Idealist and Artisan types which are still lacking at the steps certain solving the problem of the problems given.Keywords: Problem Solving, School Mathematics, Polya’s Steps, Keirsey’s Personality, Non-Routine Problems.
Deskripsi Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa SMK berdasarkan Tingkat Kepercayaan Diri
Authors: Alimuddin A. , Talib Ahmad , Amin Gustikasari 
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa berdasarkan tingkat kepercayaan diri pada materi statistika. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 3 orang siswa kelas XI SMK di kabupaten Kabupaten Soppeng, yaitu 1 siswa dengan kepercayaan diri tinggi (KDT), 1 siswa dengan kepercayaan diri sedang (KDS) dan 1 siswa dengan kepercayaan diri rendah (KDR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) KDT mengomunikasikan ide matematisnya dalam bentuk diagram lebih baik dibanding subjek lain. KDT menganalisis dan menjelaskan ide matematis secara lebih rinci dan detail. KDT menulis penyelesaian serta memberikan alasan yang jelas dari pernyataan yang ungkapkannya (2) KDS mampu mengomunikasikan ide matematisnya ke dalam bentuk diagram, namun kurang mampu menentukan interval nilai yang digunakan dengan tepat. KDS mampu menganalisis dan mampu menjelaskan ide matematis secara lisan, namun tidak mampu menjelaskan strategi penyelesaian secara lisan. KDS kurang mampu menulis penyelesaian dengan informasi yang lengkap, namun sudah mampu memberikan alas an dari sebuah pernyataan yang diungkapkan; (3) KDR mampu mengomunikasikan ide matematisnya ke dalam bentuk diagram, namun kurang mampu menentukan interval nilai yang digunakan dengan tepat. KDR kurang mampu menganalisis ide matematis dan tidak mampu menjelaskan strategi dalam membuat diagram. KDR sudah mampu menulis penyelesaian namun tidak mampu memberikan alasan terhadap pernyataan yang diungkapkan.Kata Kunci: Kemampuan komunikasi matematis, kepercayaan diri The purpose of the research was to describe students’ mathematical communication abilities based on their levels of self-confidence in topic of statistics. The subjects were 3 students of class XI SMK in Soppeng. They were one student with high self-confidence (KDT), one student with medium self-confidence (KDS) and one student with low self-confidence (KDR). The results showed that (1) KDT communicate mathematical ideas in diagrams better than others. KDT analyze and explain mathematical ideas in detail. KDT could write and give clear reasons; (2) KDS could communicate mathematical ideas in diagrams, but in determining the interval of values used, KDS could not do it correctly. KDS could analyze and explain ideas orally but unable to explain strategies used in making diagrams orally. KDS could not answer with complete information but could provide reasons; (3) KDR could communicate mathematical ideas in diagrams, but in determining the interval of values used, KDR could not do it correctly. KDR was less able to analyze mathematical ideas and unable to explain the strategies used in making diagram. KDR had been able to write answer but not able to give reasons.Keywords: Mathematical communication abilities, self-confidence
DESKRIPSI MISKONSEPSI PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TES DIAGNOSTIK TWO – TIER MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION DI KELAS VIII
Authors: Nurmawaddah Nurmawaddah , Ramlawati Ramlawati , Rusli Muhammad Aqil 
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui deskripsi tingkat miskonsepsi peserta didik di kelas VIII SMPN 3 Makassar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3 Makassar yang berjumlah 393 orang sekaligus sebagai sampel penelitian. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan berupa tes diagnostik two-tier multiple choice question berbentuk pilihan ganda beralasan yang disertai dengan CRI (Certainty Response Index) yang berjumlah 20 item. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah pemberian tes diagnostik two – tier multiple choice question. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan berpedoman pada jawaban peserta didik yang diberikan pada tingkat pertama, tingkat kedua dan tingkat keyakinan sehingga dapat diketahui jumlah peserta didik yang paham konsep, miskonsepsi, serta tidak paham konsep. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa miskonsepsi peserta didik yang teridentifikasi terjadi di setiap konsep pada materi gerak pada benda. Tingkat miskonsepsi peserta didik pada konsep gerak lurus memiliki persentase sebesar 57,5% dan untuk konsep gaya persentase miskonsepsi peserta didik sebesar 41,7%. Sedangkan untuk konsep Hukum Newton memiliki persentase miskonsepsi sebesar 49,6%.