bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence and Causes of Self Medication among University Students
Authors: Saghi Fatemeh Kokabi , Emadi Mina Sadat Mousavi , Sharifi Farshad , Houshmand Elaheh , Varmaghani Mehdi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Self-medication is a common phenomenon around the world which brings advantages and disadvantages to ones’ health and the health system. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and causes of self-medication among the students of a medical university in Iran.
Methods: The present study was designed as a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study that examined the knowledge, attitude and practice. The population of the study was the students of health sciences program who all entered the study. The data collection tool included a checklist and a questionnaire that was designed online and made available to students.
Results: The prevalence of self-medication among students was 20-25%. The most common reason for self-medication was that in their opinion their medicines were safe (66.67%). The most common form of medication used was the tablet (35.67%), the most commonly used drug was acetaminophen (69.01%) and the most common disease to self-medicate for was headache (67.36%). Estimation of the odds ratio of self-medication with medication and its relationship with demographic variables showed no relationship between gender and marital status with self-medication. Among those surveyed, 17.17% had no insurance; 47.9% of students stated that lack of insurance was the reason for their self-medication.
Conclusion: Although self-medication may be helpful, it is often without proper guidance and logic and can carry various risks that can be controlled. Considering that health students will be influential in society in future, it is necessary to pay more attention to correct their culture of drug use, and provide access to health services for everyone. Appropriate prescriptions of medicines as well as controlling the sale of drugs in pharmacies and highlighting the role of pharmacists in safe self-medication and controlling the prevalence of self-medication are necessary.
Purification of sewage wastewater though sand column filter for lessening of heavy metals accumulation in lettuce, carrot and cauliflower
Authors: Naz Safina , Ahmad Riaz 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sewage wastewater is rich in mineral nutrients contributed in plant growth and yield. However, accumulation of heavy metals in edible part of vegetables and fruits is dangerous for human health. Current research was conducted with aim to evaluate the performance of sand column filter for removal of heavy metals from sewage wastewater applied to the selected vegetables. Heavy metals content i.e. Pb, Ni, Cu and Fe were estimated higher in untreated sewage wastewater as compared to treated water. Number of leaves, fresh and dry weights of leaves, roots and total biomass of lettuce, carrot and cauliflower were improved due to irrigation of unfiltered sewage wastewater as compared to sewage wastewater. Curd diameter, fresh and dry weights of curd, and stem fresh weight of cauliflower, root length and diameter of carrot enhanced because of unfiltered sewage wastewater than treated sewage wastewater. The accumulation of heavy metals i.e. Pb, Ni, Cu and Fe was higher in roots, leaves and edible parts of the selected vegetables. In the present study, Cd and Cr concentrations were not affected from filtration process through sand column filter. Conclusively, filtration through sand column filter is very effective for removal of heavy metals from sewage wastewater to irrigate agricultural lands.
Transnasal Humidified Rapid Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange in children requiring emergent intubation (Kids THRIVE): A statistical analysis plan for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: George Shane , Gibbons Kristen , Williams Tara , Humphreys Susan , Gelbart Ben , Marsney Renate Le , Craig Simon , Tingay David , Chavan Arjun , Schibler Andreas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The placement of an endotracheal tube for children with acute or critical illness is a low frequency and high-risk procedure, associated with high rates of first attempt failure and adverse events, including hypoxaemia. To reduce the frequency of these adverse events the provision of oxygen to the patient during the apnoeic phase of intubation has been proposed as a method to prolong the time available for the operator to insert the endotracheal tube, prior to the onset of hypoxaemia. However, there are limited data from randomised controlled trials to validate the efficacy of this technique in children.
The technique known as Transnasal Humidified Rapid Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE) uses high oxygen flow rates (approximately 2L/kg/min) delivered through nasal cannulae during apnoea. It has been shown to at least double the amount of time available for safe intubation in healthy children undergoing elective surgery. The technique and its application in real time has not previously been studied in acutely ill or injured children presenting to the emergency department or admitted to an intensive care unit.
The Kids THRIVE trial is a multicentre, international, randomised controlled trial (RCT) in children less than 16 years old undergoing emergent intubation in either the intensive care unit or emergency department of participating hospitals. Participants will be randomised to receive either the THRIVE intervention or standard care (no apnoeic oxygenation) during their intubation. The primary objective of the trial is to determine if the use of THRIVE reduces the frequency of oxygen desaturation and increases frequency of first attempt success without hypoxaemia in emergent intubation of children compared with standard practice. The secondary objectives of the study are to assess the impact of the use of THRIVE on the rate of adverse events, length of mechanical ventilation and length of stay in intensive care.
In this paper we describe the detailed statistical analysis plan as an update the previously published protocol.
Therapeutic Response Prediction to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Rectal Cancer Using the Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Kubota Shunsuke , Wakiya Taiichi , Morohashi Hajime , Miura Takuya , Kanda Taishu , Ichiyama Sotaro , Soma Kenji , Matsuzaka Masashi , Sasaki Yoshihiro , Sakamoto Yoshiyuki , Hakamada Kenichi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The prediction of response to chemotherapy can lead to the optimization of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). This study aimed to develop a predicting model of therapeutic response to NAC for rectal cancer (RC).
Methods
Three courses of S-1 and oxaliplatin (SOX) NAC were administered before total mesorectal excision. We collected the dataset for the prechemotherapy arterial phase of enhanced computed tomography (CT) images from 57 patients undergoing rectal surgery after NAC for RC. In all cases, the therapeutic response to NAC had been pathologically confirmed. We established three prediction labels; poor response, marked response, and complete response (CR). We built a predictive model using a residual convolutional neural network (ResNet50) and used 3-fold cross-validation. The prediction accuracy of the model was analyzed.
Results
Of the 57 patients, pathological CR was observed in 9 (15.8%). A total of 4,607 squares were extracted from the segmented tumor area of each patient. The average accuracy of the ResNet model for predicting pathological CR was 99.9% for the training dataset. In the test dataset, the average accuracy was 94.9%. Likewise, in the prediction of marked and poor responses, the models demonstrated high accuracy (93.6% and 93.3%, respectively) and high AUC (0.966 and 0.976, respectively).
Conclusions
Our deep learning model, using prechemotherapy CT images of RC, exhibited high predictive performance in projecting therapeutic response to SOX NAC. This study presents a novel insight into the optimization of NAC for RC.
Voltammetric method applied to speciation of As(III) and As(V) in paddy field water
Authors: HEINEMANN Mônika Grazielle , LORENZ Mayara Cristina Mombach , SILVA Flávio Manoel Rodrigues , DIAS Daiane 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A simple and sensitive method for arsenic speciation in paddy field water samples was developed by square wave cathodic stripping voltammetry using hanging mercury drop electrode. Due to the low solubility of arsenic in the mercury, this element was combined with Cu to form an intermetallic compound highly soluble (CuxAsy). In the case of As(V), it must first be reduced to As(III) with sodium thiosulfate to later be quantified by the difference in concentration between the total inorganic As and As(III). Parameters such as concentration of HCl, Cu and sodium thiosulfate (only for As(V)), potential deposition, frequency and amplitude were evaluated. Under ideal conditions, limits of detection (LD) and quantification (LQ) of 0.025 and 0.082 µg L− 1, respectively were obtained for As(III). For the As(V), LD and LQ of 0.12 and 0.39 µg L− 1 (respectively) were obtained. The method presented high accurace (recoveries from 97 to 110%) and it was applied to determine both species in ten samples of paddy field water.
Increased Offshore Westerlies and Reduced Sea Ice Drive Warm Inflow below Fimbulisen
Authors: Lauber Julius , Hattermann Tore , de Steur Laura , Darelius Elin , Auger Matthis , Nøst Ole , Moholdt Geir 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Understanding the response of ocean-driven melting of the Antarctic ice shelves to a changing climate is one of the greatest challenges for projecting future sea level rise. Under-ice shelf observations are rare around Antarctica, and most hypotheses that link changes in ice shelf basal melting to the large-scale atmospheric and oceanic circulation are based on model simulations. Here, we address this knowledge gap by analyzing nine years of continuous oceanographic records from below Fimbulisen, East Antarctica. On monthly time scales, warm inflow events are associated with wind-driven upwelling in front of the ice shelf. Since 2016, however, we observe a more sustained warm inflow that coincides with an enhanced cavity circulation and anomalously high basal melt. Our analysis suggests that these changes are linked to a reduction in coastal sea ice cover and a strengthening and southward shift of the circumpolar westerlies. The former modulates the momentum transfer from the atmosphere, while the latter leads to a weakening of the Antarctic Slope Current, bringing warm water closer to the continental shelf break. Our findings show how large-scale atmospheric and oceanic forcing can increase ice shelf mass loss and lead to increased sea level rise in the future.
Association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] with aortic aneurysm: Univariable and Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Wang Shiyue , Du Dongjie , Chen Jian , Zha Li , Liu Danyang , Zhong Ming , Shang Rongfang , Sun Dongxue , Sun Chang , Wang Hao , Li Weihang , Jin Enze 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
To determine the relationship between blood lipids and the risk of aortic aneurysm (AA), including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], we performed univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.Methods: The UK Biobank study of European ancestry provided data for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with LDL-C(n=440546), and HDL-C(n=403943). SNPs for Lp(a) (n=377590) was a Neale Lab genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on European populations. And the data on AA were obtained from the latest analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) with 209,366 subjects of European ancestry. Univariate and multivariate MR analyses were performed.Results: The Inverse variance weighted(IVW1) estimate showed that the HDL-C(odds ratio [OR]:0.728, 95%confidence interval [CI]:0.629-0.842, P = 1.87E-05) was negatively correlated with AA. The causal association between LDL-C(OR:1.467, 95%CI:1.184-1.816, P=4.49E-4), Lp(a)(OR:1.005, 95%CI:1.001-1.010, P=0.009) and AA were observed in the IVW1 method. The multivariable MR(MVMR) analysis indicated that HDL(OR:0.685, 95%CI: 0.581-0.807, P=6.77E-06) remained negatively associated with AA after adjusting for the LDL-C and Lp(a).Conclusion: Genetic evidence supported the role of greater LDL-C, Lp(a), and lower HDL-C as risk factors for AA. our MVMR study revealed a negative correlation between HDL and AA. Furthermore, additional research is required to confirm the probable relationship between lipid traits and AA risk. Moreover, therapies to reduce LDL-C and Lp(a) may be advantageous for AA.
Particle and Gas Phase Sampling of Pcdd/fs and Pcbs by Activated Carbon Fiber and Gc/ms Analysis
Authors: Cerasa Marina , Guerriero Ettore , Balducci Catia , Bacaloni Alessandro , Ciccioli Piero , Mosca Silvia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) are semi-volatile compounds and can be partitioned in the atmosphere between the gas and particulate phase, due to their physicochemical properties. For this reason, the reference standard methods for air sampling include a quartz fiber filter (QFF) for the particulate and a polyurethane foam (PUF) cartridge for the vapor phase, and it is the classical and most popular sampling method in the air. Despite the presence of the two adsorbing media, this method cannot be used for the study of the gas-particulate distribution, but only for a total quantification. This study presents the results and the performance aim to validate an activated carbon fiber (ACF) filter for the sampling of PCDD/Fs and PCBs using laboratory and field tests. The specificity, precision and accuracy of the ACF in relation to the QFF + PUF were evaluated through the isotopic dilution technique, the recovery rates and the standard deviations. Then the ACF performance was assessed on real samples, in a naturally contaminated area, through parallel sampling with the reference method (QFF + PUF). The QA/QC was defined according to the standard methods ISO 16000-13 and − 14 and EPA TO4A and 9A. Data confirmed that ACF meets the requirements for the quantification of native POPs compounds in atmospheric and indoor samples. In addition, ACF provided accuracy and precision comparable to those offered by standard reference methods using QFF + PUF, but with significant savings in terms of time and costs.
What did I do? Memory for own actions in parrots
Authors: Ortiz Sara Torres , Smeele Simeon Q. , Champenois Juliette , von Bayern Auguste M. P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe ability to recall one’s past actions is a crucial prerequisite for mental self-representation and episodic memory. We studied whether blue-throated macaws, a social macaw species, can remember their previous actions. The parrots were trained to repeat four previously learned actions upon command. Test sessions included repeat trials, double repeat trials and trials without repeat intermixed to test if the parrots repeated correctly, only when requested and not relying on a representation of the last behavioral command. Following their success, the parrots also received sessions with increasing time delays preceding the repeat command and successfully mastered 12–15 sec delays. The parrots successfully transferred the repeat command spontaneously at first trial to three newly trained behaviors they had never repeated before, and also succeeded in a second trial intermixed with already trained actions (untrained repeat tests). This corroborates that successful repeating is not just an artifact of intense training but that blue-throated macaws can transfer the abstract “repeat rule” to untrained action. This implies that an important aspect of self-representation has evolved in this avian group and might be adaptive, which is consistent with the complex socio-ecological environment of parrots and previous demonstrations of their complex cognition.
Determinants to implementation of a post-stroke dysphagia evidence-based nursing program in China using the consolidated framework for implementation research: a qualitative study
Authors: Tian Jing , Weng Yingli , Zhao Bolun , Wang Ying , Wang Qiuyi , Liu Jing , Zhang Wei , Chen Xuemei , Zhou Lanshu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) is a common complication after stroke, which is worthy of research attention. Active intervention is the key to improving the prognosis of stroke patients, and nurses play an important role. Here, the effectiveness of a Post-stroke Dysphagia Evidence-Based Nursing Program (PSD-EBNP) was evaluated post-stroke in four hospitals in China. Before implementing the trial, it was imperative to identify determinants with the potential to influence its implementation.
Methods: Guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) framework, an interview guide was formulated to explore factors in four CFIR domains. From June to October 2019, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 26 nurses from four hospitals in China. The interview data were then qualitatively analysed by two researchers using a thematic framework analysis approach.
Results: Five facilitators and nine barriers were found. The facilitators were: ① support from external agencies; ② a good team climate; ③ perceiving the benefits of implementation; ④ setting the groundwork of clinical practice; ⑤ the caregiver (outside the CFIR domain). Meanwhile, the barriers were: ① a lack of opportunities for institutional cooperation; ② limited patient cooperation; ③ the organisation's lack of accountability and insufficient human support; ④ lack of clear workflow; ⑤ nurses’ lack of knowledge and skills; ⑥ a lack of confidence in the implementation; ⑦ the presence of alternative interventions; ⑧ the complexity of the intervention; ⑨ the implementation costs.
Conclusion: The CFIR provided a valuable framework for identifying determinants before implementation. In the run-up to a PSD-EBNP, the most important tasks are to improve the organisation's accountability, gain the support of staff, and improve nurses’ knowledge and skills. When patients are on a ward, it is recommended that nurses organise lectures for the patients, along with their caregivers, who play critical roles in their rehabilitation.
Trial registration: This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(ChiCTR2000039313), registered 23 October 2020. http://www.chictr.org.cn/login.aspx?referurl=%2fedit.aspx%3fpid%3d53717%26htm %3d4
Parents’ and Caregivers’ Attitudes Towards COVID-19 Vaccination in Children
Authors: Babar Rehmat , Clark Forrest , Krndzija Harun , Parker Laurel , Patel Dimple , Thawanyarat Kometh , Yao Yao , Chappell M. Tresa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Even with vaccines approved for children over the age of five, and the FDA granting full approval to the Pfizer-BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) vaccine, studies have shown that only 36-65% of parents plan to have their child receive a COVID-19 vaccine, indicating the need to investigate parental motivations and apprehensions further. The perceptions and intentions of parents/caregivers in the Athens-Clarke County area must be evaluated to assess barriers to vaccine uptake and provide insight into vaccine hesitancy.
Methods: The survey, including demographic questions about the caregivers and children, COVID-19 history, and illnesses in the family, and current COVID-19 vaccination status of the family, was given voluntarily to caregivers of middle school students by middle school staff during parent-teacher conferences in October 2021. Multivariable linear regression was used to calculate statistical significance for whether parents were willing to vaccinate their children with the COVID-19 vaccine for each independent variable collected in the survey.
Results: Of the 366 caregivers of middle school aged children in Athens-Clarke County, Georgia who reported their intentions for vaccinating their children, 310 (84.7%) reported intentions to vaccinate their child against COVID-19 and 56 (15.3%) reported that they do not intend to vaccinate their child against COVID-19 when the child becomes eligible. Caregivers who expressed belief that the vaccine is effective were found to be significantly associated with intention to vaccinate their child (p=0.009). If the caregiver had already received the vaccine, they were also significantly more likely to vaccinate their child (p=0.004). The caregiver was also significantly more likely to vaccinate their child if their child had a chronic disease (p<0.001).
Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy is a public health concern that has arisen since the FDA emergency authorization of vaccines in December of 2020. Multiple studies have sought to elucidate the answer to this question, however detailed demographic studies have not previously been investigated. Concurrently, no study has focused its population to include the southeastern United States. This study promotes the dissemination of knowledge to allow public health experts a better understanding of the current societal opinions and dissents within the southeastern United States during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Growth performance, egg production and exterior egg quality characteristics of Kuroiler chickens in selected sites of Babati district of northern Tanzania
Authors: Moto Edward , Rubanza Chrispinus 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of farmers management on performance of Kuroiler chickens in five selected villages of Babati district. Parameters evaluated were growth performance, egg production and egg external quality. The results showed that there was variation of weight gain and average daily weight gain between farmers (P < 0.001). This might be contributed by farmers management, age of the chicken and due to the interaction effects of farmers management and chicken age. The rate of weight gain was slightly variable across farmers (P < 0.05) and action sites (P < 0.05), mainly due to management and age. The chickens attained promising live weights ranging from 1,342.3 to 2,691.7 g at 18 weeks and 1,535.9 to 3,039.1 g at 20 weeks. Egg production was also affected by management especially feeding and nutrition, in which most chicken started to lay eggs at the age between 18–20 weeks. Egg laying was characterised by an increasing trend progressively with days from the first egg laying. However, slight variation in egg laying intensity was noted across farmers and action sites. The exterior egg physical quality characteristics were slightly variable across farmers and the selected action sites. Kuroiler chicken eggs recorded higher weights than the corresponding local chicken eggs (P < 0.05). Egg weight of Kuroiler chicken eggs were higher (52.2–58.7 g) than their counterpart local chicken eggs (43.8–47.9 g), (P < 0.001). Similarly, Kuroiler chicken eggs recorded both higher egg length and egg width than local chicken eggs. Most Kuroiler chicken eggs had normal/ standard shape index (SI: 72.9–75.2%) comparable to the local chicken eggs (74.7–76.1%).