bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic analysis of long‐term investment with two illiquid and correlated assets
Authors: Chen Xinfu , Dai Min , Jiang Wei , Qin Cong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe consider a long‐term portfolio choice problem with two illiquid and correlated assets, which is associated with an eigenvalue problem in the form of a variational inequality. The eigenvalue and the free boundaries implied by the variational inequality correspond to the portfolio's optimal long‐term growth rate and the optimal trading strategy, respectively. After proving the existence and uniqueness of viscosity solutions for the eigenvalue problem, we perform an asymptotic expansion in terms of small correlations and obtain semi‐analytical approximations of the free boundaries and the optimal growth rate. Our leading order expansion implies that the free boundaries are orthogonal to each other at four corners and have C1 regularity. We propose an efficient numerical algorithm based on the expansion, which proves to be accurate even for large correlations and transaction costs. Moreover, following the approximate trading strategy, the resulting growth rate is very close to the optimal one.
Teacher and Parent Perspectives on the Use of Genetic Information in Schools
Authors: Tan Mei , Markov Ilya , Mourgues Catalina , Grigorenko Elena L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhile the predictive power of genetic information is not yet strong enough to apply to individuals in the classroom, this study aimed to explore how genetic information may be received in educational settings as a potentially important source of individual differences in academic achievement and learning difficulties. Focus group discussions with teachers and parents were analyzed using qualitative and linguistic methods. Results showed that teachers and parents had similar knowledge of and questions about genetic information and how it could be used in education; both expressed concerns regarding the ethics of its use and suggested other professionals that should be involved in decisions regarding genetic input in education. Parents' personal struggles to obtain appropriate diagnoses and support for their children with learning difficulties, however, added an emotional edge to their views. Families' direct experiences with educational systems, often adversarial, afford them an authority that should be acknowledged by policymakers.
Programmatic adaptations to acute malnutrition screening and treatment during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Wrabel Maria , Stokes‐Walters Ronald , King Sarah , Funnell Grace , Stobaugh Heather 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic presented numerous challenges to acute malnutrition screening and treatment. To enable continued case identification and service delivery while minimising transmission risks, many organisations and governments implemented adaptations to community‐based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) programmes for children under 5. These included: Family mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC); modified admission and discharge criteria; modified dosage of therapeutic foods; and reduced frequency of follow‐up visits. This paper presents qualitative findings from a larger mixed methods study to document practitioners' operational experiences and lessons learned from these adaptations. Findings reflect insights from 37 interviews representing 15 organisations in 17 countries, conducted between July 2020 and January 2021. Overall, interviewees indicated that adaptations were mostly well‐accepted by staff, caregivers and communities. Family MUAC filled screening gaps linked to COVID‐19 disruptions; however, challenges included long‐term accuracy of caregiver measurements; implementing an intervention that could increase demand for inconsistent services; and limited guidance to monitor programme quality and impact. Modified admission and discharge criteria and modified dosage streamlined logistics and implementation with positive impacts on staff workload and caregiver understanding of the programme. Reduced frequency of visits enabled social distancing by minimising crowding at facilities and lessened caregivers' need to travel. Concerns remained about how adaptations impacted children's identification for and progress through treatment and programme outcomes. Most respondents anticipated reverting to standard protocols once transmission risks were mitigated. Further evidence, including multi‐year programmatic data analysis and rigorous research, is needed in diverse contexts to understand adaptations' impacts, including how to ensure equity and mitigate unintended consequences.
Sin and the Social World
Authors: Finn Daniel K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDaniel Lee Hill and Ty Kieser critique accounts of “supra‐personal sin” by asking whether such accounts violate the doctrine of the sinlessness of Christ. Their description of discourse about sinful social structures that relies on analysis from critical realist sociology in current Christian ethics is largely accurate but adds a mistaken assumption that such discourse is an attempt to account for “social sin.” On the contrary, this understanding of sinful social structures accounts for the presence of sin in the social world by understanding that persons, not structures, commit sins, but that social structures are accurately described as sinful when they present persons within them with incentives that encourage sinful decisions. Those who endorse a notion of social sin may wish to respond to the criticisms of Hill and Kieser, but with a focus on sinful social structures, there is no need for talk of “social sin,” “structural sin,” or “supra‐personal sin.”1
Protein kinase A participates in hyphal and appressorial development by targeting Efg1‐mediated transcription of a Rab GTPase in Setosphaeria turcica
Authors: Liu Yuwei , Shen Shen , Hao Zhimin , Wang Qing , Zhang Yumei , Zhao Yulan , Tong Yameng , Zeng Fanli , Dong Jingao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signalling pathway plays an important role in the regulation of the development and pathogenicity of filamentous fungi. cAMP‐dependent protein kinase A (PKA) is the conserved element downstream of cAMP, and its diverse mechanisms in multiple filamentous fungi are not well known yet. In the present study, gene knockout mutants of two catalytic subunits of PKA (PKA‐C) in Setosphaeria turcica were created to illustrate the regulatory mechanisms of PKA‐Cs on the development and pathogenicity of S. turcica. As a result, StPkaC2 was proved to be the main contributor of PKA activity in S. turcica. In addition, it was found that both StPkaC1 and StPkaC2 were necessary for conidiation and invasive growth, while only StPkaC2 played a negative role in the regulation of filamentous growth. We reveal that only StPkaC2 could interact with the transcription factor StEfg1, and it inhibited the transcription of StRAB1, a Rab GTPase homologue coding gene in S. turcica, whereas StPkaC1 could specifically interact with a transcriptional regulator StFlo8, which could rescue the transcriptional inhibition of StEfg1 on StRAB1. We also demonstrated that StRAB1 could positively influence the biosynthesis of chitin in hyphae, thus changing the filamentous growth. Our findings clarify that StPkaC2 participates in chitin biosynthesis to modulate mycelium development by targeting the Efg1‐mediated transcription of StRAB1, while StFlo8, interacting with StPkaC1, acts as a negative regulator during this process.
Putative transcription antiterminator RfaH contributes to Erwinia amylovora virulence
Authors: Klee Sara M. , Sinn Judith P. , Held Jeremy , Vosburg Chad , Holmes Aleah C. , Lehman Brian L. , Peter Kari A. , McNellis Timothy W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe gram‐negative bacterium Erwinia amylovora causes fire blight disease of apple and pear trees. The exopolysaccharide amylovoran and lipopolysaccharides are essential E. amylovora virulence factors. Production of amylovoran and lipopolysaccharide is specified in part by genes that are members of long operons. Here, we show that full virulence of E. amylovora in apple fruitlets and tree shoots depends on the predicted transcription antiterminator RfaH. RfaH reduces pausing in the production of long transcripts having an operon polarity suppressor regulatory element within their promoter region. In E. amylovora, only the amylovoran operon and a lipopolysaccharide operon have such regulatory elements within their promoter regions and in the correct orientation. These operons showed dramatically increased polarity in the ΔrfaH mutant compared to the wild type as determined by RNA sequencing. Amylovoran and lipopolysaccharide production in vitro was reduced in rfaH mutants compared to the wild type, which probably contributes to the rfaH mutant virulence phenotype. Furthermore, type VI secretion cluster 1, which contributes to E. amylovora virulence, showed reduced expression in ΔrfaH compared to the wild type, although without an increase in polarity. The data suggest that E. amylovora RfaH directly, specifically, and exclusively suppresses operon polarity in the amylovoran operon and a lipopolysaccharide operon.
Proximal and distal intragastric meal distribution during gastric emptying scintigraphy: Relationships to symptoms of gastroparesis
Authors: Silver Paul J. , Dadparvar Simindokht , Maurer Alan H. , Parkman Henry P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundTotal gastric retention (TGR) from gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) is used for diagnosing gastroparesis (Gp), but correlates poorly with patients' symptoms. Regional intragastric meal distribution (RIMD) can also be assessed from GES. This study classified patients' meal distribution as proximal or distal to relate RIMD to symptoms of Gp.MethodsGES studies in patients (n = 193) and control subjects (n = 21) were selected for RIMD analysis. Patients completed Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms (PAGI‐SYM) for symptom severity before GES. TGR was analyzed using % TGR, and RIMD used a proximal/distal gastric count ratio (PDCR). Results were classified as proximal or distal RIMD at 0, 1, 2, and 4 h postprandially based on their PDCR being above or below the median value of the patients.ResultsPatients with delayed GE and immediate post‐meal ingestion distal distribution had more severe early satiety and regurgitation. Distal distribution at 1 h had more severe early satiety and loss of appetite compared to proximal distribution. Patients with delayed GE and proximal distribution at 4 h had more severe nausea, retching, and vomiting compared to 4 h distal distribution. Severely delayed 4 h proximal distribution had more nausea than severely delayed 4 h distal distribution.ConclusionsIncreased early distal IMD in patients with delayed GE was associated with regurgitation and early satiety whereas increased late proximal IMD was associated with nausea, retching, and vomiting. Differentiating proximal from distal meal distribution patterns helps to relate symptoms to gastric dysfunction and may be helpful for directing therapy.
Long‐lasting visceral hypersensitivity in a model of DSS‐induced colitis in rats
Authors: López‐Estévez Sergio , López‐Torrellardona Josep Manuel , Parera Marc , Martínez Vicente 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPersistent visceral hypersensitivity is a key component of functional and inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases. Current animal models fail to fully reproduce the characteristics of visceral pain in humans, particularly as it relates to persistent hypersensitivity. This work explores the validity of DSS‐induced colitis in rats as a model to mimic chronic intestinal hypersensitivity.MethodsExposure to DSS (5% for 7 days) was used to induce colitis in rats. Thereafter, changes in viscerosensitivity (visceromotor responses to colorectal distension—CRD), the presence of somatic referred pain (mechanosensitivity of the hind paws, von Frey test) and the expression (qRT‐PCR) of sensory‐related markers (colon, lumbosacral DRGs, and lumbosacral spinal cord) were assessed at different times during the 35 days period after colitis induction.ResultsFollowing colitis, a sustained increase in visceromotor responses to CRD were observed, indicative of the presence of visceral hypersensitivity. Responses in animals without colitis remained stable over time. In colitic animals, somatic referred hypersensitivity was also detected. DSS‐induced colitis was associated to a differential expression of sensory‐related markers (with both pro‐ and anti‐nociceptive action) in the colon, lumbosacral DRGs and lumbosacral spinal cord; indicating the presence of peripheral and central sensitization.Conclusions and InferencesDSS‐induced colitis in rats is associated to the generation of a long‐lasting state of visceral (colonic) hypersensitivity, despite clinical colitis resolution. This model reproduces the changes in intestinal sensitivity characteristics of inflammatory and functional gastrointestinal disorders in humans and can be used in the characterization of new pharmacological treatments against visceral pain.
Insights into source/sink controls on wood formation and photosynthesis from a stem chilling experiment in mature red maple
Authors: Rademacher Tim , Fonti Patrick , LeMoine James M. , Fonti Marina V. , Bowles Francis , Chen Yizhao , Eckes‐Shephard Annemarie H. , Friend Andrew D. , Richardson Andrew D. 
Published: August 2022

Summary

Whether sources or sinks control wood growth remains debated with a paucity of evidence from mature trees in natural settings.

Here, we altered carbon supply rate in stems of mature red maples (Acer rubrum) within the growing season by restricting phloem transport using stem chilling; thereby increasing carbon supply above and decreasing carbon supply below the restrictions, respectively.

Chilling successfully altered nonstructural carbon (NSC) concentrations in the phloem without detectable repercussions on bulk NSC in stems and roots. Ring width responded strongly to local variations in carbon supply with up to seven‐fold differences along the stem of chilled trees; however, concurrent changes in the structural carbon were inconclusive at high carbon supply due to large local variability of wood growth. Above chilling‐induced bottlenecks, we also observed higher leaf NSC concentrations, reduced photosynthetic capacity, and earlier leaf coloration and fall.

Our results indicate that the cambial sink is affected by carbon supply, but within‐tree feedbacks can downregulate source activity, when carbon supply exceeds demand. Such feedbacks have only been hypothesized in mature trees. Consequently, these findings constitute an important advance in understanding source–sink dynamics, suggesting that mature red maples operate close to both source‐ and sink‐limitation in the early growing season.
Single Modified Posterior Approach through the Space of the Proximal Radioulnar Joint for Terrible Triad Injury: A Comparative Study
Authors: Li Dianqing , Song Deye , Ni Jiangdong , Tang Sihuai , Gao Zhi , Li Penglin , Liu Xudong , Xu Wenbin 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveIn order to reduce surgical scars and the risk of neurovascular injury for the treatment of terrible triad injuries of the elbow (TTI), minimally invasive and better therapeutic effect approaches are being explored to replace the conventional combined lateral and medial approach (CLMA). This study was performed to compare the clinical effect and security of the modified posterior approach (MPA) through the space of the proximal radioulnar joint vs the CLMA for treatment of TTI.MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed 76 patients treated for TTI from January 2009 to December 2020 (MPA: n = 44; CLMA: n = 32). Treatment involved plate and screw fixation or Steinmann pin fixation for the radial head and ulnar coronoid process fractures. Surgeons only sutured the lateral ligament because the medial collateral ligament was usually integrated in the TTI. The continuous variables were compared by the independent Student t‐test and the categorical variables by the χ2‐test or Fisher's exact test.ResultsBoth groups of patients attained a satisfactory MEPS after the operation. The MEPS (MPA: 96.82 ± 6.04 vs CLMA: 96.56 ± 5.51) was not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05). However, the MPA resulted in better elbow flexion and extension (MPA: 123.98 ± 10.09 vs CLMA: 117.66 ± 8.29), better forearm rotation function (MPA: 173.41 ± 6.81 vs CLMA: 120.00 ± 12.18), and less intraoperative hemoglobin (MPA: 9.34 ± 5.64 vs CLMA: 16.5 ± 8.75) and red cell volume loss (MPA: 3.09 ± 2.20 vs CLMA: 6.70 ± 2.97) (All p < 0.05). Although the CLMA had a shorter surgery time (MPA: 171.73 ± 80.68 vs CLMA: 130.16 ± 71.50) (p < 0.05), it had a higher risk of neurologic damage (MPA: 0 vs CLMA: 4) (p < 0.05). Four patients developed forearm or hand numbness after the CLMA, but no patients developed numbness after the MPA. All 76 patients were followed up for 15 months postoperatively.ConclusionThe MPA through the space of the proximal radioulnar joint has more prominent advantages than the CLMA for TTI, including single scar, clear exposure, good fixation, lower risk of neurovascular injury, and better elbow joint motion. It is a safe and effective surgical approach that is worthy of clinical promotion.
Seeing invisible support: Understanding provider motivation, intent, and enactment of support
Authors: Mason Adam J. , Shebib Samantha J. , Boumis Josephine K. , Allard Amanda , Holmstrom Amanda J. , Mazur Allison 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe concept of invisible support (Bolger et al., 2000) has sparked interest among social support researchers. Theoretically, invisible support avoids negative support outcomes related to face threats and, therefore, should lead to better outcomes than traditional support. Unfortunately, empirical tests of invisible support have yielded inconsistent results, potentially due to a lack of conceptual and operational clarity in defining invisible support. The present study addresses this issue, advocating for the inclusion of provider intention to reduce support visibility in the definition of invisible support and establishing the foundation for a typology of invisible support by eliciting participants' experiences with its provision.
Development and validation of the Ascertain Dementia 8 (AD8) Thai version
Authors: Thaipisuttikul Papan , Nakawiro Daochompu , Kuladee Sanchai , Chittaropas Pitchayawadee , Sukying Chakrit 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Ascertain Dementia 8 (AD8) is a brief informant‐based questionnaire which reliably distinguishes patients with neurocognitive disorder (NCD) and normal cognition. Our objective was to translate the AD8 into Thai and test its validity as a potentially useful measure to detect patients with the mild stage of major NCD due to Alzheimer disease (major NCD‐AD).MethodsEvaluations of 144 informant–patient dyads were made. Participants were patients who attended the memory clinic at Ramathibodi Hospital and non‐patient volunteers. The AD8‐Thai version was administered separately from doctor's interviews and neuropsychological assessments. Diagnostic workups included a complete medical history, physical and neurological examinations, neuropsychological testing, the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale‐Sum of Boxes (CDR‐SOB), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), blood tests and brain imaging, preferably with magnetic resonance imaging. All researchers were blinded to the AD8 results.ResultsAn AD8 score ≥3 had a sensitivity of 95.5%, a specificity of 89.5%, a positive predictive value of 84%, and a negative predictive value of 97.1% for screening major NCD‐AD and those with normal cognition. A subgroup analysis with participants aged ≥65 years and with ≥12 years of education revealed comparable ability to the whole group. AD8 scores had a moderate negative relationship with MoCA scores (r = −0.470) and a strong positive relationship with CDR‐SOB scores (r = 0.547). The performance of AD8 scores in differentiating mild NCD from normal cognition was not as good as for major NCD‐AD.ConclusionsAD8‐Thai version is an acceptable screening tool for major NCD‐AD. For patients aged 65 years or older, with at least 12 years of education, and with cognitive complaints in memory clinic, an AD8‐Thai score of 3 or more would be sufficient to work on major NCD diagnosis. The performance of the AD8‐Thai in mild NCD needs further investigation.
We just ‘SHAREit’: Smartphones, data and music sharing in urban Papua New Guinea
Authors: Crowdy Denis , Horst Heather A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article examines how the use of mobile phones and associated software creates and sustains regionally diverse urban communities. There is an interdependent connection between music that is highly participatory and locally relevant, and processes involved in sustaining key social relationships across a variety of groupings. Increasingly ubiquitous technologies such as mobile phones are used for musical purposes in ways that specifically put certain processes to work to sustain these social phenomena. This connects people with transnational software‐based commerce through social media, local telecommunications companies and phone manufacturers. That results in the navigation of ecologies and economies of data, hardware and software that work in local urban circumstances. In the case of data, we demonstrate how modes of exchange and reciprocity tied to social relationships exhibit similarities with informal economies of tobacco and betelnut. With social groups, the church‐based community perspective provides urban examples of communities that cross regions, and extended family networks. This ethnographic perspective shows how increasingly global technologies are used in urbanite Melanesia in ways that sustain longstanding values and practices, while also incorporating identities and associations around changing urban, national and international circumstances.
Dynamic impacts of intermittent trade conflicts
Authors: Wu Ruohan , Miranda Mario J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper examines how intermittent trade conflicts affect production, investment and exports of an industry that produces for both domestic and international markets. We construct a dynamic stochastic model of a representative profit maximising firm that is exposed to intermittent trade conflicts. We then extend the firm‐level model to an industry comprising a continuum of firms with heterogeneous production costs and calibrate its parameters to reflect the stylised facts of Chinese manufacturers between 2005 and 2007. We find that an exporting firm's response to the eruption of a trade conflict depends critically on its cost of production, with low‐cost firms temporarily adjusting production but continuing to export, and high‐cost firms permanently exiting the international market. We also find that an industry can respond quickly to the onset and cessation of a trade conflict. We further predict that in the long run, the severity of trade conflicts has increasing marginal impacts on industry exports, whereas the duration and frequency of conflicts have diminishing marginal impacts. Lastly, we argue that if the government desires to fully restore industry exports or value to pre‐conflict levels, the most efficient policy is to subsidise capital investment.