bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A COVID‐19 Visual Diagnosis Model Based on Deep Learning and GradCAM
Authors: Hemied Omar S. , Gadelrab Mohammed S. , Sharara Elsayed A. , Soliman Taysir Hassan A. , Tsuji Akinori , Terada Kenji 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecently, the whole world was hit by COVID‐19 pandemic that led to health emergency everywhere. During the peak of the early waves of the pandemic, medical and healthcare departments were overwhelmed by the number of COVID‐19 cases that exceeds their capacity. Therefore, new rules and techniques are urgently required to help in receiving, filtering and diagnosing patients. One of the decisive steps in the fight against COVID‐19 is the ability to detect patients early enough and selectively put them under special care. Symptoms of this disease can be observed in chest X‐rays. However, it is sometimes difficult and tricky to differentiate “only” pneumonia patients from COVID‐19 patients. Machine‐learning can be very helpful in carrying out this task. In this paper, we tackle the problem of COVID‐19 diagnostics following a data‐centric approach. For this purpose, we construct a diversified dataset of chest X‐ray images from publicly available datasets and by applying data augmentation techniques. Then, we employ a transfer learning approach based on a pre‐trained convolutional neural network (DenseNet‐169) to detect COVID‐19 in chest X‐ray images. In addition to that, we employ Gradient‐weighted Class Activation Mapping (GradCAM) to provide visual inspection and explanation of the predictions made by our deep learning model. The results were evaluated against various metrics such as sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV) and the confusion matrix. The resulting models has achieved an average detection accuracy close to 98.82%. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Insights into the role of nanoscale zero‐valent iron in Fenton oxidation and its application in naphthalene degradation from water and slurry systems
Authors: Yang Rumin , Zeng Guilu , Xu Zhiqiang , Zhou Zhengyuan , Zhou Zhikang , Ali Meesam , Sun Yong , Sun Xuecheng , Huang Jingyao , Lyu Shuguang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFew researches have focused on the role of nanoscale zero‐valent iron (nZVI) in Fenton‐like process for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) removal. In this study, the naphthalene (NAP) degradation tests in ultrapure water showed that nZVI addition could enhance NAP degradation from 79.7% to 99.0% in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)/Fe (II)/nZVI/NAP system at the molar ratio of 10/5/3/1, showing the excellent role of nZVI in promoting NAP removal. Multiple linear regression analysis found that the correlation coefficient between H2O2 consumption and NAP degradation was converted from −9.17 to 0.48 with nZVI and 1‐mM H2O2, indicating that nZVI could decompose H2O2 more beneficially for NAP degradation. Multiple Fe (II)‐dosing and iron leaching tests revealed that nZVI could gently liberate Fe (II) and promote Fe (II)/Fe (III) redox cycle to enhance the NAP degradation. When the H2O2/Fe (II)/nZVI/NAP molar ratios of 10/5/3/1 and 50/25/15/1 were applied in the simulated NAP contaminated actual groundwater and soil slurry, respectively, 75.0% and 82.9% of NAP removals were achieved. Based on the major degradation intermediates detected by GC/MS, such as 1,4‐naphthalenedione, cinnamaldehyde, and o‐phthalaldehyde, three possible NAP degradation pathways were proposed. This study provided the applicable potential of nZVI in Fenton process for PAHs contaminated groundwater and soil remediation.Practitioner Points
nZVI enhanced the NAP degradation in Fenton‐like process.
Three schemes of NAP degradation pathway were proposed.
nZVI performed well in the remediation of the simulated NAP contamination.
Function minimization and nonlinear least squares in R
Authors: Nash John C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis review will look at function minimization and nonlinear least squares, possibly bounds constrained, using R. These tools derive from the more general context of numerical optimization and mathematical programming. How R developers have tried to make the application of such tools easier for users not familiar with optimization is highlighted. Some limitations of methods and their implementations are mentioned to provide perspective.This article is categorized under:
Statistical Models > Nonlinear Models
Algorithms and Computational Methods > Numerical Methods
Continuous Performance Evaluation for Business Process Outcome Monitoring
Authors: Lee Suhwan , Comuzzi Marco , Lu Xixi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhile a few approaches to online predictive monitoring have focused on concept drift model adaptation, none have considered in depth the issue of performance evaluation for online process outcome prediction. Without such a continuous evaluation, users may be unaware of the performance of predictive models, resulting in inaccurate and misleading predictions. This paper fills this gap by proposing a framework for evaluating online process outcome predictions, comprising two different evaluation methods. These methods are partly inspired by the literature on streaming classification with delayed labels and complement each other to provide a comprehensive evaluation of process monitoring techniques: one focuses on real-time performance evaluation, i.e., evaluating the performance of the most recent predictions, whereas the other focuses on progress-based evaluation, i.e., evaluating the ability of a model to output correct predictions at different prefix lengths. We present an evaluation involving three publicly available event logs, including a log characterised by concept drift.
Combining the Clinical and Operational Perspectives in Heterogeneous Treatment Effect Inference in Healthcare Processes
Authors: Verboven Sam , Martin Niels 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecent developments in causal machine learning open perspectives for new approaches that support decision-making in healthcare processes using causal models. In particular, Heterogeneous Treatment Effect (HTE) inference enables the estimation of causal treatment effects for individual cases, offering great potential in a process mining context. At the same time, HTE literature typically focuses on clinical outcome measures, disregarding process efficiency. This paper shows the potential of jointly considering the clinical and operational effects of treatments in the context of healthcare processes. Moreover, we present a simple pipeline that makes existing HTE machine learning techniques directly applicable to event logs. Besides these conceptual contributions, a proof-of-concept application starting from the publicly available sepsis event log is outlined, forming the basis for a critical reflection regarding HTE estimation in a process mining context.
Exploiting Instance Graphs and Graph Neural Networks for Next Activity Prediction
Authors: Chiorrini Andrea , Diamantini Claudia , Mircoli Alex , Potena Domenico 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNowadays, a lot of data regarding business process executions are maintained in event logs. The next activity prediction task exploits such event logs to predict how process executions will unfold up until their completion. The present paper proposes a new approach to address this task: instead of using traces to perform predictions, we propose to use the instance graphs derived from traces. To make the most out of such representation we train a message passing neural network, specifically a Deep Graph Convolutional Neural Network to predict the next activity that will be performed in the process execution. The experiments performed show promising performance hinting that exploiting information about parallelism among activities in a process can induce a performance improvement in highly parallel process.
Echocardiographic RV-E/e′ for predicting right atrial pressure: a review
Authors: Fletcher A. J. , Robinson S. , Rana B. S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRight atrial pressure (RAP) is a key cardiac parameter of diagnostic and prognostic significance, yet current two-dimensional echocardiographic methods are inadequate for the accurate estimation of this haemodynamic marker. Right-heart trans-tricuspid Doppler and tissue Doppler echocardiographic techniques can be combined to calculate the right ventricular (RV) E/e′ ratio–a reflection of RV filling pressure which is a surrogate of RAP. A systematic search was undertaken which found seventeen articles that compared invasively measured RAP with RV-E/e′ estimated RAP. Results commonly concerned pulmonary hypertension or advanced heart failure/transplantation populations. Reported receiver operating characteristic analyses showed reasonable diagnostic ability of RV-E/e′ for estimating RAP in patients with coronary artery disease and RV systolic dysfunction. The diagnostic ability of RV-E/e′ was generally poor in studies of paediatrics, heart failure and mitral stenosis, whilst results were equivocal in other diseases. Bland–Altman analyses showed good accuracy but poor precision of RV-E/e′ for estimating RAP, but were limited by only being reported in seven out of seventeen articles. This suggests that RV-E/e′ may be useful at a population level but not at an individual level for clinical decision making. Very little evidence was found about how atrial fibrillation may affect the estimation of RAP from RV-E/e′, nor about the independent prognostic ability of RV-E/e′. Recommended areas for future research concerning RV-E/e′ include; non-sinus rhythm, valvular heart disease, short and long term prognostic ability, and validation over a wide range of RAP.
Elliptic quantum curves of 6d SO(N) theories
Authors: Chen Jin , Haghighat Babak , Kim Hee-Cheol , Lee Kimyeong , Sperling Marcus , Wang Xin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We discuss supersymmetric defects in 6d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 0) SCFTs with SO(Nc) gauge group and Nc− 8 fundamental flavors. The codimension 2 and 4 defects are engineered by coupling the 6d gauge fields to charged free fields in four and two dimensions, respectively. We find that the partition function in the presence of the codimension 2 defect on ℝ4× 𝕋2 in the Nekrasov-Shatashvili limit satisfies an elliptic difference equation which quantizes the Seiberg-Witten curve of the 6d theory. The expectation value of the codimension 4 defect appearing in the difference equation is an even (under reflection) degree Nc section over the elliptic curve when Nc is even, and an odd section when Nc is odd. We also find that RG-flows of the defects and the associated difference equations in the 6d SO(2N + 1) gauge theories triggered by Higgs VEVs of KK-momentum states provide quantum Seiberg-Witten curves for ℤ2 twisted compactifications of the 6d SO(2N) gauge theories.
Exact WKB and the quantum Seiberg-Witten curve for 4d N = 2 pure SU(3) Yang-Mills. Abelianization
Authors: Yan Fei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We investigate the exact WKB method for the quantum Seiberg-Witten curve of 4d N = 2 pure SU(3) Yang-Mills in the language of abelianization. The relevant differential equation is a third-order equation on ℂℙ1 with two irregular singularities. We employ the exact WKB method to study the solutions to such a third-order equation and the associated Stokes phenomena. We also investigate the exact quantization condition for a certain spectral problem. Moreover, exact WKB analysis leads us to consider new Darboux coordinates on a moduli space of flat SL(3,ℂ)-connections. In particular, in the weak coupling region we encounter coordinates of the higher length-twist type generalizing Fenchel-Nielsen coordinates. The Darboux coordinates are conjectured to admit asymptotic expansions given by the formal quantum periods series and we perform numerical analysis supporting this conjecture.
Perioperative risk of pancreatic head resection—nomogram-based prediction of severe postoperative complications as a decisional aid for clinical practice
Authors: Hipp J. , Rist L. , Chikhladze S. , Ruess D. A. , Fichtner-Feigl S. , Wittel U. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To develop nomograms for pre- and early-postoperative risk assessment of patients undergoing pancreatic head resection.

Methods
Clinical data from 956 patients were collected in a prospectively maintained database. A test (n = 772) and a validation cohort (n = 184) were randomly generated. Uni- and multi-variate analysis and nomogram construction were performed to predict severe postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo Grades III–V) in the test cohort. External validation was performed with the validation cohort.

Results
We identified ASA score, indication for surgery, body mass index (BMI), preoperative white blood cell (WBC) count, and preoperative alkaline phosphatase as preoperative factors associated with an increased perioperative risk for complications. Additionally to ASA score, BMI, indication for surgery, and the preoperative alkaline phosphatase, the following postoperative parameters were identified as risk factors in the early postoperative setting: the need for intraoperative blood transfusion, operation time, maximum WBC on postoperative day (POD) 1–3, and maximum serum amylase on POD 1–3. Two nomograms were developed on the basis of these risk factors and showed accurate risk estimation for severe postoperative complications (ROC-AUC-values for Grades III–V—preoperative nomogram: 0.673 (95%, CI: 0.626–0.721); postoperative nomogram: 0.734 (95%, CI: 0.691-0.778); each p ≤ 0.001). Validation yielded ROC-AUC-values for Grades III–V—preoperative nomogram of 0.676 (95%, CI: 0.586–0.766) and postoperative nomogram of 0.677 (95%, CI: 0.591–0.762); each p = 0.001.

Conclusion
Easy-to-use nomograms for risk estimation in the pre- and early-postoperative setting were developed. Accurate risk estimation can support the decisional process, especially for IPMN-patients with an increased perioperative risk.
Comparison of characteristics, management and outcomes in hospital-onset and community-onset stroke: a multi-centre registry-based cohort study of acute stroke
Authors: Fluck David , Fry Christopher H. , Rankin Suzanne , Gulli Giosue , Affley Brendan , Robin Jonathan , Kakar Puneet , Sharma Pankaj , Han Thang S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
Hospital-onset stroke (HOS) is associated with poorer outcomes than community-onset stroke (COS). Previous studies have variably documented patient characteristics and outcome measures; here, we compare in detail characteristics, management and outcomes of HOS and COS.

Methods
A total of 1656 men (mean age ± SD = 73.1 years ± 13.2) and 1653 women (79.3 years ± 13.0), with data prospectively collected (2014–2016) from the Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme, were admitted with acute stroke in four UK hyperacute stroke units (HASU). Associations between variables were examined by chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regression (COS as reference).

Results
There were 272 HOS and 3037 COS patients with mean ages of 80.2 years ± 12.5 and 76.4 years ± SD13.5 and equal sex distribution. Compared to COS, HOS had higher proportions ≥ 80 years (64.0% vs 46.4%), congestive heart failure (16.9% vs 4.9%), atrial fibrillation (25.0% vs 19.7%) and pre-stroke disability (9.6% vs 5.1%), and similar history of stroke, hypertension, diabetes, stroke type and severity of stroke. After age, sex and co-morbidities adjustments, HOS had greater risk of pneumonia: OR (95%CI) = 1.9 (1.3–2.6); malnutrition: OR = 2.2 (1.7–2.9); immediate thrombolysis complications: OR = 5.3 (1.5–18.2); length of stay on HASU > 3 weeks: OR = 2.5 (1.8–3.4); post-stroke disability: OR = 1.8 (1.4–2.4); and in-hospital mortality: OR = 1.8 (1.2–2.4), as well as greater support at discharge including palliative care: OR = 1.9 (1.3–2.8); nursing care: OR = 2.0 (1.3–4.0), help for daily living activities: OR = 1.6 (1.1–2.2); and joint-care planning: OR = 1.5 (1.1–1.9).

Conclusions
This detailed analysis of underlying differences in subject characteristics between patients with HOS or COS and adverse consequences provides further insights into understanding poorer outcomes associated with HOS.
The value of seismic structural health monitoring for post-earthquake building evacuation
Authors: Giordano Pier Francesco , Iacovino Chiara , Quqa Said , Limongelli Maria Pina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the aftermath of a seismic event, decision-makers have to decide quickly among alternative management actions with limited knowledge on the actual health condition of buildings. Each choice entails different direct and indirect consequences. For example, if a building sustains low damage in the mainshock but people are not evacuated, casualties may occur if aftershocks lead the structure to fail. On the other hand, the evacuation of a structurally sound building could lead to unnecessary financial losses due to business and occupancy interruption. A monitoring system can provide information about the condition of the building after an earthquake that can support the choice between several competing alternatives, targeting the minimization of consequences. This paper proposes a framework for quantifying the benefit of installing a permanent seismic structural health monitoring (S2HM) system to support building evacuation operations after a seismic event. Decision-makers can use this procedure to preventively evaluate the benefit of an SHM system and decide about the worthiness of its installation.
Determiner-Number Specification and Non-Local Agreement Computation in L1 and L2 Processing
Authors: Cheng Yesi , Rothman Jason , Cunnings Ian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present study employed a self-paced reading task in conjunction with concurrent acceptability judgements to examine how similar or different English natives and Chinese learners of English are when processing non-local agreement. We also tested how determiner-number specification modulates number agreement computation in both native and non-native processing by manipulating number marking with demonstrative determiners (the versus that/these). Results suggest both groups were sensitive to non-local agreement violations, indexed by longer reading times for sentences containing number violations. Furthermore, we found determiner-number specification facilitated processing of number violations in both native and non-native groups in an acceptability judgement task only, with stronger sensitivity to violations with demonstrative determiners than those with bare determiners. Contrary to some theories that predict qualitative differences between native and non-native processing, we did not find any significant differences between native and non-native speakers, despite the fact that the Chinese speakers of English had to process a novel linguistic feature absent in their native language.
From Professionalisation and Normalisation to Genealogy and Realism: The Challenge of Liberalism in Contemporary Political Theory
Authors: Kelly Paul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis essay seeks to characterise and explain a specific pattern in professional political theorising over the last five decades. The paper does not seek to offer a stipulative or philosophical definition of the activity and nor can it offer a full historical or political sociological analysis of the activity in the context of academic institutions in the Anglophone world. Instead it provides a high-level overview of a particular pattern of development in the activity of political theory as exemplified in core outputs such as monographs, journal articles and essays as a way of explicating some perennial dynamics in the discipline that could be given a more extended historical and sociological explanation. That pattern is illustrated in the initial quest for professionalisation and institutional normalisation which has a tendency towards presenting the subject of study as converging on a broadly liberal agenda. This dominant liberal paradigm in turn has been challenged by the recent development of genealogical analyses of the contemporary intellectual history of political theory and the rise of political realism as attempts to sustain a common subject of enquiry that does not collapse into the endorsement of a liberal vision of ‘the political’. This dialectic, which centres on the problem of liberalism, is the key to understanding the fundamental dynamic of Anglophone political theory as an institutional practice as well as a body of ideas, principles and values.
A “snap-shot” visual estimation of health and objectively measured frailty: capturing general health in aging older women
Authors: Bartosch Patrik , Malmgren Linnea , Gerdhem Paul , Kristensson Jimmie , McGuigan Fiona Elizabeth , Akesson Kristina Eva 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
In clinic, a subjective visual estimation of a patient’s general health often guides interventions, yet little is known of how this assessment relates to objectively measured frailty.

Aims
To characterize the relationship between these two assessments and explore the implication of discordance.

Methods
The study was performed in the OPRA cohort of 75-year old community-dwelling women (n = 1044). Visual perception of health (VPH) was estimated within 15 s from first sight and stratified into tertiles (poor/intermediate/good health). Frailty was measured using a frailty index (FI) (scored 0.0–1.0) and stratified into tertiles: ‘frail’ (≥ 0.22), ‘pre-frail’ (0.13–0-21) and ‘non-frail’ (≤ 0.12). Association between VPH and FI and with 10-year mortality was evaluated using Kaplan Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models.

Results
VPH and FI correlated, but was strongest in those perceived to be in poor health (rs = 0.424, p < 0.001). Approximately half of these women were also objectively frail (53.7%). Similarly, 50.7% perceived to be in good health were also objectively non-frail. However, for one in ten, perceived health was discordant with measured frailty. Subjective and objective measures were associated with mortality, but VPH lacked discrimination in healthier looking women (p = 0.372) compared to FI (p = 0.002).

Discussion
Detecting pre-frailty is important to prevent or slow the transition into a frail state. The frailest can be identified with a visual estimation, but only objective frailty assessments can reliably identity pre-frailty.

Conclusions
A visual estimation of health provides valuable complementary information on health, whereas objective assessment of frailty has a broader applicability for health in aging.
Ship feature recognition methods for deep learning in complex marine environments
Authors: Wang Xiang , Liu Jingxian , Liu Xiangang , Liu Zhao , Khalaf Osamah Ibrahim , Ji Jing , Ouyang Quan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith the advancement of edge computing, the computing power that was originally located in the center is deployed closer to the terminal, which directly accelerates the iteration speed of the "sensing-communication-decision-feedback" chain in the complex marine environments, including ship avoidance. The increase in sensor equipment, such as cameras, have also accelerated the speed of ship identification technology based on feature detection in the maritime field. Based on the SSD framework, this article proposes a deep learning model called DP-SSD. By adjusting the size of the detection frame, different feature parameters can be detected. Through actual data learning and testing, it is compatible with Faster RCNN, SSD and other classic algorithms. It was found that the proposed method provided high-quality results in terms of the calculation time, the processed frame rate, and the recognition accuracy. As an important part of future smart ships, this method has theoretical value and an influence on engineering.