bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Menstrual Hygiene Management: A Literature Review
Authors: Pagore Prasad , Chaudhari Sonali 
Published: January 2022

Background: Menstruation is seldom regarded as an act of immense kindness put forward by a woman to ensure the human race doesn’t cease but ironically, it is now too in this so called modernized world is considered a dirty, unclean, shameful, taboo linking it with the so called term of women’s weakness in which she is at times even considered untouchable. A considerable lot of ridiculous and unhuman superstitious acts, often due to ancestry taboos carried forward, have made menstruation more intensely shamed in today’s so-called advanced world. In many parts of the world, there are still restrictions enforced upon women and girls undergoing menstruation to carry out their normal routine involvement in society, whether it be their home kitchen, religious places, communal gathering, outdoor group activities, etc. In this article, we primarily focus on the management of hygiene during menstruation. Menstruation is subjected to many superstitions that may lead to unhygienic practices. Menstruation, often considered a shame or taboo in various poor undedicated and undeveloped classes of society, need awareness for hygiene, sanitation, and management across the globe. The writer searched web sites like PubMed and Google Scholar for works the usage of the keywords "Menstruation" or "Menstrual Hygiene" and "Menstrual Management.” The writer reviewed case reviews and series, retrospective and potential studies, systematic opinions and meta-analyses, and different narrative critiques. The hints and helping quotation of papers covered withinside the observation have been additionally tested via way of means of the creator. Systemic critiques and meta-analyses have been favored after they have been available. When change facts became no longer available randomized management trials, potential studies, retrospective studies, case reviews, and different narrative critiques have been carried out in order.
Conclusion: Hygiene is the most crucial aspect of living a healthy life, and it is essential during menstruation. On the other hand, the situation is stuck in India's rural areas, where women still confront hygienic issues, particularly when it comes to menstruation.
In-vitro Antibacterial Activity of Hydroethanolic Leaf, Stem, Root Extract of Acalypha indica - A Comparative Study
Authors: Prithiksha . , Devi R. Gayatri , Selvaraj J. , Priya A. Jothi 
Published: January 2022

Background and Aim: Acalypha indica is a weedy, short lived and monoecious plant. It has an antioxidant effect and it must be implemented to control the disease where free radicals are involved. Acalypha plant is useful for the bronchitis, pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis patients. A. indica plant is used in the rejuvenation in the worst conditions which may undergo infections in the microorganisms and it is the chemotherapeutic agent and distributed in the large contributions in human health and well being. The main aim of this study is to assess which part of A. indica has an antibacterial activity.
Materials and Methods: Agar well diffusion method was used for assessing the antimicrobial activity of the plant extract. The nutrient broth is inoculated with bacterial strains E. faecalis. The broth was then incubated at 37°C overnight. Antibacterial activity was determined by measurement of the diameter of zones of inhibition (mm).
Results: When compared to root, stem and leaves of hydroethanolic extract of A. indica, leaf maximum inhibition against E. faecalis. As the concentration of extract increases from 25 µg/ml to 100 µg/ml, the zone of inhibition also increases. This shows the antimicrobial activity is better at higher concentration.
Conclusion: A. indica has effective antimicrobial activity. It reduces the growth of various human pathogenic bacteria. The root, stem and leaf of A. indica possess Antibacterial activity against E. faecalis. leaf extract has significant antibacterial activity.
Relation between COVID 19 and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Menon Sharanya , Totade Sangita 
Published: January 2022

The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious virus that emerged on January 29, 2020, as a result of a brand new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-31), which the World Health Organization discovered on January 29: and the COVID-19 outbreak become distinctive a virus on March 11, 2020.
The most well-known factors visibly associated with COV disease are senescence, expanded weight, blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and CVS abnormalities.
Infection with the coronavirus 2 of the intense acute respiratory syndrome has been associated with a better severity of coronavirus infection(COVID19) in sufferers with diabetes (SARSCoV2). Infected folks who are inflamed with COVID19 may also broaden hyperglycemia. While paired with other chance elements, hyperglycemia can also affect immune and anti-inflammatory responses, making sufferers extra sensitive to excessive COVID 19 and its likely deadly results. Angiotensin changing enzyme 2 (ACE2) is SARSCoV2's central access receptor (ACE2).
DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase four) might be a binding target, on the other hand. Initial research suggests that hypoglycemic DPP4 inhibitors haven't any impact on SARSCoV2 susceptibility. for the reason that in their pharmacological traits, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2) aren't encouraged because they can have negative consequences in COVID19 sufferers. In opposition to excessive blood sugar, insulin has to be the first defense line inside the combat.
This evaluation article is a nascent attempt to recognize the probable correlation between COVID contamination and diabetes mellitus.
Case Report on Seizures Disorder
Authors: Gade Prasad G. , Mahakarkar Manjusha , Ankar Ruchira 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Seizures are periods of aberrant motor, sensory, autonomic, or mental activity caused by discharge from brain neurons [1]. Epilepsy is defined as the two or more unprovoked seizures that occur more than 24 hours apart [2]. There are three types of seizures: focal, generalized, and unknown. Generalized seizures arise in bilaterally dispersed networks and rapidly activate them [3]. The origin of focal seizures is assumed to be in one hemisphere of the brain. Epileptic spasms are an example of the unknown kind [4].
Main symptoms: The signs and symptoms of a seizure can range from minor to severe; these are as follows; perplexity, stare, Jerking motions of the arms and legs, Loss of awareness, Fear, anxiety, and other cognitive symptoms.
Diagnosis: The initial step for a physician is to rule out alternative possibilities, such as nonepileptic seizures. These might seem like seizures, but they're usually caused by other things like low blood sugar or high blood pressure, changes in heart rhythm, or mental stress.
Therapeutic Intervention: Tab. Levetiracetam 500mg * OD, Tab. Carbamazepine 200mg * TDS, Tab. Escitalopram 10mg * OD, Tab. Neurobion forte 1mg * OD.
Outcome: After treatment the patient show improvement. His temporary confusion got reduced, he is now aware to many things.
Conclusion: My patient was Admitted to AVBRH with a known case of Seizures Disorder and he had a complaint of temporary confusion and he was not aware to his surroundings. After getting appropriate treatment his condition was improved.
Impact of Artificial Intelligence in the Physiotherapy Rehabilitation of Distal Radial Fracture Patients: A Review
Authors: Burhani Tasneem , Naqvi Waqar M. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Physiotherapy is the desired therapeutic intervention for the recovery of fractures and discomfort associated with bones. In certain cases the patient may suffer from extreme pain because of sudden jerks or injuries. The goal of this review was to map out the available literature on virtual reality in distal radius fracture rehabilitation across physiotherapy disciplines.
Methods: An extensive and systematic search of the following databases was undertaken- Embase, Cochrane Library, PEDro, and CINAHL. The MeSH search items used were articles with “artificial intelligence, “machine learning” “virtual reality” “physiotherapy”. Articles were identified if they described an intervention which is considered within the scope of a physiotherapist and targeted those with DRF.
Results: Total 35 were initially procured from which 26 articles were included, out of which 13 were observational, 6 Randomized Control Trials, 2 qualitative, 2 surveys and 3 systematic reviews. Only 9 studies focused explicitly on physiotherapy interventions.
Conclusion: The results of there view indicate that there is insufficient evidence to direct physical therapists in the treatment of individual with distal radius fracture using artificial intelligence.
Liquid Crystal‐Based Water Treatment Membranes
Authors: Devadiga Deepak , T.N. Ahipa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWater pollution is on the rise across the world and must be tackled since it leads to water shortage and poor water quality in the near future. Water has been cleaned and renewed using a variety of processes, but each has its own set of limitations. In this context, the membrane technology‐based strategy is one among the various available strategies and, moreover, it has the potentiality to tackle these problems in a more effective way. Furthermore, one of the ongoing challenges in this area of research is to identify the new and cost‐effective membranes for water treatment. Among the newly available various materials, certain materials such as carbon nanotubes and polymerized liquid crystals have attracted a great deal of interest and the pore alignments in these materials is generally a vital factor for the high water permeability, thus the pore alignment can be easily achieved for polymerized liquid crystals than for carbon nanotubes. Therefore, a critical and complete review of emerging trends in liquid crystal‐based polymer membranes for wastewater treatment is presented in this paper. Further, the different types of membranes based on the type of liquid crystal, properties, water treatment performances, advantages, and limitations have been discussed.
Nanoindentation Mapping and Bond Strength Study of Adhesive–Dentin Interfaces
Authors: Yao Chenmin , Wang Zhengzhi , Yu Jian , Liu Pan , Wang Yake , Ahmed Mohammed H. , Van Meerbeek Bart , Huang Cui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA scanning probe microscopy (SPM) nanoindentation technique is employed in this work to relate structure of adhesive–dentin interfacial regions with in situ mechanical properties. Noncarious human third molars are sectioned to obtain superficial, middle, and deep dentin disks. Each dentin disk is divided into two parts for bonding with All‐Bond Universal in etch‐and‐rinse (E&R) and self‐etch (SE) modes. Nanoindentation arrays of a small‐scale region of 40 × 40 µm2 are configured, which include the whole adhesive interface area from the restorative composite across the adhesive interface to unaffected dentin. Micro‐shear bond strength (μSBS) is measured to evaluate the mechanical capability. By virtue of high‐resolution quantitative mapping of nano‐elastic modulus and nanohardness, the continuous hierarchical substructures of adhesive–dentin interfaces are visualized, including the composite, adhesive layer, hybrid layer, and unaffected dentin. A noticeable finding is the existence of a transition zone between the hybrid layer and unaffected dentin. The μSBS result indicates that mechanical interlocking between intertubular dentin and adhesives dominates the bond strength. SPM nanoindentation mapping can correlate surface structure with mechanical properties across adhesive interfaces. Even more, the present findings demonstrate that SPM‐mapping of combined structural and mechanical property data of adhesive interfaces can potentially be used to evaluate bonding performance.
Giant Photoresponse Enhancement in Mixed‐Dimensional Van der Waals Heterostructure through Dielectric Engineering
Authors: Narayanan P. Vrinda , M. A. Gokul , Chowdhury Tamaghna , Singh Chandan K. , Chaubey Shailendra Kumar , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Kabir Mukul , Kumar G. V. Pavan , Rahman Atikur 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe reduced dielectric screening in the out of plane direction, makes 2D materials sensitive to the surrounding environment, offering a unique platform with greatly tunable optoelectronic properties. Large exciton binding energy in 2D materials limits their photogeneration efficiency. The strong electric field generated at a p–n junction will help in separating these strongly bound electron hole pairs. Here, the present study demonstrates how engineering the surrounding dielectric environment would facilitate a mixed dimensional van der Waals p–n junction to improve the photoresponse to a great extent. A 3D silicon‐2D monolayer MoS2 heterostructure is fabricated as a model system. Nearly three orders of magnitude enhancement in photoresponse is observed by modulating the surrounding dielectric environment. This huge enhancement is attributed to the easy separation of photogenerated carriers due to the screening of Coulomb interaction. The dielectric also screens the impurity potential, reducing the charge carrier scattering. In addition, there is a change in the overall bandgap of the heterostructure producing a lower energy barrier for the charge carriers. The findings lay a general pathway for improving the efficiency of 2D material based photodetectors through dielectric engineering.
Sub‐10‐nm Ag/AgX (X = Br,Cl) Nanoparticles: Superior Visible‐Light‐Driven Plasmonic Photocatalysts
Authors: Xu Guojing , Li Peng , Wang Nannan , Qin Xujin , Wang Zhenpeng , Guan Bo , Chen Penglei , Liu Minghua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhile the past decade has witnessed great successes in silver/silver halide‐based (Ag/AgX, X = Cl,Br) plasmonic photocatalysts, a facile fabrication of ultrafine Ag/AgX nanoparticles (NPs), which is recognized to be an efficient avenue for boosted catalytic performances, still remains a formidable challenge. Ultrasmall sub‐10‐nm Ag/AgX, which are discretely distributed on graphene oxide (GO, sub10‐Ag/AgX/GO), can be easily fabricated by an oxidation–halogenation treatment of Ag/GO precursors of sub‐10‐nm AgNPs (sub10‐Ag/GO). Significantly, compared to Ag/AgCl/GO and Ag/AgBr/GO of hundred‐nanometer‐sized Ag/AgX, the sub10‐Ag/AgCl/GO and sub10‐Ag/AgBr/GO display substantially enhanced photocatalytic activity by a factor of ≈16.4 and 38.2 times, respectively, despite their inconspicuous visible‐light absorptions. The ultrafine size of the sub10‐Ag/AgX and their grafting on but not being enwrapped by GO, which cooperatively facilitate a superior spatial separation capability of photogenerated electrons and holes, a satisfactory accessibility/availability of the abundantly exposed active sites, and consequently promote a more efficient utilization of photogenerated charge carriers, play important roles in their superior catalytic activities. The investigation initiates a new way for ultrafine Ag‐based nanocomposites, and by a simple treatment of chemically modifiable ultrasmall‐sized precursors, it provides new clues for other desired ultrafine‐sized advanced nanomaterials that are difficult to synthesize via conventional protocols.
Encapsulation of Commensal Skin Bacteria within Membrane‐in‐Gel Patches
Authors: Xu Wanlin , Nouri Peyman Malek Mohammadi , Demoustier‐Champagne Sophie , Glinel Karine , Jonas Alain M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe commensal skin bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) provides a range of benefits to human hosts, contributing to skin equilibrium and good health, even though specific strains also act as pathogens if entering the host body. Therefore, skin‐applicable devices allowing to benefit from some factors secreted by S. epidermidis while keeping the bacteria at a desired location are important for the development of bacteriotherapeutical applications. Here, a membrane‐based gel patch is fabricated to trap S. epidermidis while keeping its metabolic activity. The pores of a track‐etched membrane are modified with layer‐by‐layer (LbL) multilayers to anchor bacteria, followed by coating the membrane with a thick layer of agarose gel, leading to a membrane‐in‐gel soft patch. LbL multilayers comprising antibacterial polycations are then deposited over the patch. By varying the multilayer composition, thickness and nature of the last layer, both probability of escape and metabolic activity of entrapped bacteria can be tuned. Poly(ethyleneimine)‐comprising multilayers prove to be particularly well‐suited for the fine control of bacterial escape and activity. These bacterial patches are thus complex living materials in which the living component is controlled by a careful combination of soft macromolecular components.
Near‐Infrared Reflection Modulation Through Electrical Tuning of Hybrid Graphene Metasurfaces
Authors: Cai Ziqiang , Liu Yongmin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGraphene, a 2D material with tunable optical properties, has recently attracted intense interest for reconfigurable metasurfaces. So far, the working wavelength of graphene‐based or hybrid graphene metasurfaces has been limited in the mid‐infrared and terahertz spectra. In this paper, by combining graphene with Au nanostructures, the authors demonstrate a near‐infrared tunable metasurface with decent modulation efficiency, weak dependence on graphene's carrier mobility, and small gate voltages, attributing to the unique interband transition of graphene. The experimental results agree well with numerical simulations. It is also shown that by properly designing the structural parameters of Au nanostructures, the hybrid graphene metasurface can be tunable in both near‐infrared and mid‐infrared regions.
Establishing the Principal Descriptor for Electrochemical Urea Production via the Dispersed Dual‐Metals Anchored on the N‐Decorated Graphene
Authors: Zhu Changyan , Wang Miao , Wen Chaoxia , Zhang Min , Geng Yun , Zhu Guangshan , Su Zhongmin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUrea electrosynthesis under mild conditions starting from the adsorption of inert N2 molecules has brought out a promising alternative experimentally to conquer its huge energy consumption in industrial Haber‐Bosch process. The most crucial and inevitable reaction is the formation of urea precursor *NCON from *N2 and CO based on the pre‐selected reaction pathway, together with the following protonated processes. It is significant to comprehend their intrinsic intercorrelation and explore the principal descriptor from massive reaction data. Hereby, the authors study the dispersed dual‐metals (homonuclear MN3–MN3 moiety and heteronuclear MN3–M'N3 moiety) anchored on N‐doped graphene as electrocatalysts to synthesize urea. Based on the screened out 72 stable systems by ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations as the database, six significant linear correlations between the computed Gibbs free energy and other important factors are achieved. Most encouragingly, the principal descriptor (ΔE(*NCONH)) is established because 72% low‐performance systems can be filtered out and its effective range (−1.0 eV < ΔEE(*NCONH) < 0.5 eV) is identified by eight optimal systems. This study not only suggests that dispersed dual‐metals via MN3 moiety can serve as promising active sites for urea production, but also identifies the principal descriptor and its effective range in high‐throughput methods.
Response of maize hybrids under limited irrigation capacities: Crop water use
Authors: Schwartz Robert C. , Bell Jourdan M. , Colaizzi Paul D. , Baumhardt R. Louis , Hiltbrunner Bridgette A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.) production in the semiarid Texas High Plains (THP) often suffers exceptional yield reductions when irrigation cannot meet seasonal and peak water requirements. Drought‐tolerant hybrids may reduce yield losses resulting from water stress by altering seasonal soil water use patterns to permit greater uptake during yield‐sensitive growth stages. We examined the effect of irrigation capacity (8.47 and 4.23 mm d−1) and planting rates (74,000 and 95,000 seeds ha−1) during three growing seasons (2016–2018) on water use of three maize hybrids, two of which were considered drought tolerant. Changes in stored soil water were examined for the entire profile and for segregated depth increments (0–0.4, 0.4–0.8, and 0.8–1.4 m). Seasonal crop evapotranspiration averaged 754 and 592 mm across years for the high and low irrigation capacities, respectively. Irrigation level significantly affected seasonal change in stored soil water in 1 yr (2018) with greater depletion at harvest under the low irrigation capacity. Soil water use at 0.8–1.4 m comprised <4% of seasonal water use. Hybrids did not differ with respect to growing season crop water use. Stored soil water throughout the growing season within the examined depth increments were similar among hybrids and plant densities, with significant differences occurring infrequently and being inconsistent across years. Drought‐tolerant traits may have a diminished effect on transpiration in this study because of the dense soil‐limiting root proliferation or the high atmospheric demand at the study location.
Bundling food labels: What role could the labels “Organic,” “Local” and “Low Fat” play in fostering the demand for animal‐friendly meat
Authors: Akaichi Faical , Glenk Klaus , Revoredo‐Giha Cesar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study investigates whether and how the demand for animal‐friendly pork can benefit from the individual and joint use of the label “Animal Friendly,” “Organic,” “Local,” and “Low Fat.” A choice experiment was conducted to collect the data. The data were analyzed using the random parameter logit and the latent class models. Three consumer segments were identified. Consumers in Segment 1 (pro‐welfare consumers—39% of all respondents) were found to highly value the four labels. The results showed that their price premium for animal‐friendly pork could be increased significantly if the product is also labeled as “Local” or “Low Fat.” The members of Segment 2 (Welfare‐reluctant consumers—41% of all respondents) were found to negatively value the use of the label “Animal Friendly.” For “welfare‐reluctant” consumers, label bundling is of marginal effect. The rem1aining 20% of respondents (“Indifferent” “consumers”) were found to be indifferent to whether the labels “Animal Friendly,” “Organic,” and “Local” are used or not. However, their demand for animal‐friendly pork could significantly increase if the pork is also labeled as “Organic.” [EconLit Citations: C35, C83, D12, Q13, Q18].