bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Farm‐scale models in fish aquaculture – An overview of methods and applications
Authors: Chary Killian , Brigolin Daniele , Callier Myriam D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractModels are important tools to address sustainability challenges associated with developing aquaculture at farm, regional and global scales. Farm‐scale models (FSMs), which are integrated mathematical models developed to simulate farm operations, can quantify energy, mass or economic input flows and predict a variety of outputs such as fish biomass, waste and by‐products. The variety of farming systems, equations available to build the models, and objectives of applications and intended users has resulted in the publication of wide range of FSMs. We performed a narrative review of 36 fish FSMs published from 1985–2021 to address several questions: Can the main characteristics of these models be defined? How do the farming system studied and the objectives of the study influence model development? What are the main modelling techniques available to simulate the main processes of a fish farm, and what are their advantages and disadvantages? How can FSMs help address sustainability challenges of aquaculture? This review discusses advances, limitations and future lines of research related to FSMs to help select existing models, or develop new ones, that are suitable for their intended use and users. The article is structured according to the main steps of the modelling process: (i) definition of scope and objectives; (ii) process formulation and model selection at individual, cohort and farm levels; (iii) implementation and evaluation; and (iv) applications (e.g. precision fish farming, IMTA modelling, supporting spatial management, life cycle assessment). At each step, recommendations are provided and research needs are stated.
Spatial variability of one-parameter model of soil water characteristic curve at field scale in black soil region of northeast China
Authors: Li Jizhen , Liu Jilong , Zhang Lingling , Xu Qing , Fu Qiang , Wu Yaoyu , Chen Junfeng , Lv Hang , Idimesheva Olga 
Published: June 2022

The soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) is an important parameter for simulating soil water movement and solute transport, and has obvious spatial variability. The models fitting the SWCC generally contain two or more parameters, which makes the spatial variability of the soil water characteristic curve difficult to express. This paper established a one-parameter model of the soil water characteristic curve based on the Gardner model and analyzed its spatial variability with multifractal and joint multifractal methods. Parameter B in the one-parameter model had moderate variation. The local information leading to spatial variability of parameter B in the top soil layer (0–15 cm) and deep soil layer (15–20 cm) was its low values and high values, respectively. At the single scale, spatial variability of parameter B was mainly caused by the bulk density and clay content in the 0–5 cm soil layer, and by the bulk density and sand content in the 5–10, 10–15, and 15–20 cm soil layers. At the multiscale, the most obvious two factors that led to spatial variability of parameter B were the bulk density and silt content in the 0–5 cm soil layer, bulk density and sand content in the 5–10 cm soil layer, and bulk density and clay content in the 10–15 and 15–20 cm soil layers, respectively. The relationships between parameter B and soil properties had scale dependence.
Ultrasound Images under an Optimized Image Processing Algorithm in Guiding the Neurological Safety of Resection of Lumbar Disc Nucleus Pulposus in Spinal Surgery
Authors: Yin Kaiwei , Chen Yehai , Gao Shuying 
Published: June 2022

This study was aimed at investigating the effect of an optimized image processing algorithm in ultrasound images and the influence of resection of lumbar disc nucleus pulposus in spinal surgery under the guidance of ultrasound images on the neurological safety of patients. A total of 60 patients with lumbar disc herniation were selected and divided randomly into the control group and observation group. Patients from the control group were treated with resection of lumbar disc nucleus pulposus by an X-ray-guided foraminal microscope, and patients from the observation group underwent the ultrasound image-guided surgeries with an optimized image processing algorithm. Then, the treatment of patients from the two groups was compared. The results showed that the radiotherapy time in the control group was

120
±
6.3

min

and the radiotherapy dose was

129
±
10.3

min
/
sec

, while the radiotherapy time in the observation group was

4.5
±
1.2

min

and the radiotherapy dose was

22
±
7.7

min
/
sec

. The time and dose of radiotherapy in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). In the control group, the numbers of significant effective cases, effective cases, and ineffective cases were 8, 16, and 6, respectively, while those in the observation group were 12, 18, and 0, respectively. The comparison between the groups showed that the number of effective cases and the number of effective cases in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the number of ineffective cases was significantly lower than that in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). In conclusion, ultrasound-guided percutaneous foraminal lumbar discectomy could improve patients’ clinical symptoms, promote clinical efficacy, and reduce postoperative pain symptoms, thereby accelerating the postoperative rehabilitation of patients. Moreover, it was extremely safe for the nerves.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Trauma CT Imaging
Authors: Yan Yi , Hu Kai , Shek Kevin , Li Jun , Attalla Shady , Bonanni John Ross , Shankar Jai Jai , McPhee Lisa 
Published: June 2022

Purpose. The goal of this study was to understand the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown measures on the volume, rate, and type of trauma presenting to the emergency department (ED) by using trauma-initiated CT studies to capture patient data. Materials and Methods. We performed a retrospective observational study comparing patients undergoing CT scans for trauma during the 1st and 2nd lockdown periods compared to corresponding prepandemic months. During two lockdown periods, public places such as restaurants, libraries, parks, and shops across the province were shut down. Government-led messaging advised that people should stay at home and practice social distancing. The rate of trauma-initiated CT scans and the proportion of different types of traumas were compared between time periods. Results. There was no significant difference in overall trauma-initiated CT scans between the prepandemic and pandemic levels. Motor vehicle collision (MVC) cases decreased from 18.2% to 15.6% during the first lockdown period (

p

= 0.049) and also reduced from 29.1% to 25.2% during the second lockdown period (

p

= 0.013). Trauma from falls increased from 19.1% to 27.5% (

p

= 0.036) during the first lockdown, despite no significant change during the 2nd lockdown. Furthermore, the percentage of stab injuries increased from 25.0% to 38.9% while blunt trauma decreased from 68.5% to 54.3% during two lockdowns (

p

= 0.015). Conclusion. The total number of trauma-initiated CT scans did not significantly decrease during the lockdown periods. Stabbings and falls increased during lockdown periods while MVCs and blunt trauma decreased.
Carotid Siphon Calcification Predicts the Symptomatic Progression in Branch Artery Disease With Intracranial Artery Stenosis—Brief Report
Authors: Hou Duanlu , Yang Xiaoli , Wang Yuanyuan , Huang Shengwen , Tang Yuping , Wu Danhong 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Arterial calcification in the aortic arch, carotid bifurcation, or siphon on computed tomography was associated with cardiovascular disease. The association between arterial calcification prevalence and progression of branch atheromatous disease (BAD) in intracranial artery atherosclerosis was little investigated.

Methods:
This study included 310 patients with ischemic stroke from one stroke center. Patients were divided into BAD (110) and non-BAD groups (200). Baseline characteristics, lipids, and arterial calcification were measured. The primary outcome was the prevalence of arterial calcification in BAD progression, and the secondary outcome was the prevalence of calcification in arterial stenosis. The association or correlation among calcification prevalence, lipid markers, and BAD progression was analyzed using logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic curve, and linear regression.

Results:

Our study found that carotid siphon calcification on computed angiography was more prevalent (
P
=0.01) in patients with BAD and also more prevalent (
P
<0.001) in intracranial artery stenosis, and its computed tomography values could independently predict the symptomatic progression (
P
=0.01). Furthermore, a strong linear correlation between oxidized lipid and calcification density was found (beta=−0.73,
P
=0.0048) in patients with BAD, a subtype (B-type) of intracranial arterial atherosclerotic disease.

Conclusions:
We found that carotid siphon calcification was associated with BAD and its computed tomography values could predict the symptomatic progression in patients with intracranial arterial atherosclerotic disease and BAD, indicating the important role of carotid calcification in B-type intracranial arterial atherosclerotic disease.

Registration:

URL:
http://www.chictr.org.cn
; Unique identifier: ChiCTR1800018315
Applying the NWS’s Distributed Hydrologic Model to Short-Range Forecasting of Quickflow in the Mahantango Creek Watershed
Authors: Buda Anthony R. , Reed Seann M. , Folmar Gordon J. , Kennedy Casey D. , Millar David J. , Kleinman Peter J. A. , Miller Douglas A. , Drohan Patrick J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Accurate and reliable forecasts of quickflow, including interflow and overland flow, are essential for predicting rainfall–runoff events that can wash off recently applied agricultural nutrients. In this study, we examined whether a gridded version of the Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting model with Heat Transfer (SAC-HT) could simulate and forecast quickflow in two agricultural watersheds in east-central Pennsylvania. Specifically, we used the Hydrology Laboratory–Research Distributed Hydrologic Model (HL-RDHM) software, which incorporates SAC-HT, to conduct a 15-yr (2003–17) simulation of quickflow in the 420-km2 Mahantango Creek watershed and in WE-38, a 7.3-km2 headwater interior basin. We directly calibrated HL-RDHM using hydrologic observations at the Mahantango Creek outlet, while all grid cells within Mahantango Creek, including WE-38, were calibrated indirectly using scalar multipliers derived from the basin outlet calibration. Using the calibrated model, we then assessed the quality of short-range (24–72 h) deterministic forecasts of daily quickflow in both watersheds over a 2-yr period (July 2017–October 2019). At the basin outlet, HL-RDHM quickflow simulations showed low biases (PBIAS = 10.5%) and strong agreement (KGE″ = 0.81) with observations. At the headwater scale, HL-RDHM overestimated quickflow (PBIAS = 69.0%) to a greater degree, but quickflow simulations remained satisfactory (KGE″ = 0.65). When applied to quickflow forecasting, HL-RDHM produced skillful forecasts (>90% of Peirce and Gerrity skill scores above 0.5) at all lead times and significantly outperformed persistence forecasts, although skill gains in Mahantango Creek were slightly lower. Accordingly, short-range quickflow forecasts by HL-RDHM show promise for informing operational decision-making in agriculture.

Significance Statement
Daily runoff forecasts can alert farmers to rainfall–runoff events that have the potential to wash off recently applied fertilizers and manures. To gauge whether daily runoff forecasts are accurate and reliable, we used runoff monitoring data from a large agricultural watershed and one of its headwater tributaries to evaluate the quality of short-term runoff forecasts (1–3 days ahead) that were generated by a National Weather Service watershed model. Results showed that the accuracy and reliability of daily runoff forecasts generally improved in both watersheds as lead times increased from 1 to 3 days. Study findings highlight the potential for National Weather Service models to provide useful short-term runoff forecasts that can inform operational decision-making in agriculture.
Augmenting the Double-Gaussian Representation of Atmospheric Turbulence and Convection via a Coupled Stochastic Multi-Plume Mass-Flux Scheme
Authors: Witte Mikael K. , Herrington Adam , Teixeira Joao , Kurowski Marcin J. , Chinita Maria J. , Storer Rachel L. , Suselj Kay , Matheou Georgios , Bacmeister Julio 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Modern general circulation models continue to require parameterizations of subgrid transport due to planetary boundary layer (PBL) turbulence and convection. Some schemes that unify these processes rely on assumed joint probability distributions of vertical velocity and moist conserved thermodynamic variables to predict the subgrid-scale contribution to the mean state of the atmosphere. The multivariate double-Gaussian mixture has been proposed as an appropriate model for PBL turbulence and shallow convection, but it is unable to reproduce important features of shallow cumulus convection. In this study, a novel unified PBL turbulence–convection–cloud macrophysics scheme is presented based on the eddy-diffusivity/mass-flux framework. The new scheme augments the double-Gaussian representation of subgrid variability with multiple stochastic mass-flux plumes at minimal added computational cost. Improved results for steady-state maritime and transient continental shallow convection from a single-column model implementation of the new scheme are shown with respect to reference large-eddy simulations. Improvements are seen in the cloud layer due to mass-flux plumes occupying the extreme moist, low liquid-water potential temperature tail of the joint temperature–moisture distribution.

Significance Statement
Computer models of the atmosphere used to predict future climate are unable to directly represent air motion at small spatial scales because it would take too long to run the model over the entire planet. Instead, models typically use coarse model grid spacing and a simplified statistical representation of the physical processes that cause small-scale motions. This paper improves a particular simplified representation by adding a mechanism to represent statistically rare events of strong small-scale air motion that coherently transport air from near the surface to higher in the atmosphere. This increased transport also improves the representation of clouds, a particularly difficult phenomenon to simulate in models.
Purple grape juice improves performance of recreational runners, but the effect is genotype dependent: a double blind, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: de Sousa Bruno Rafael Virginio , de Lima Tavares Toscano Lydiane , de Almeida Filho Eder Jackson Bezerra , Sena Klécia Farias , Costa Matheus Silveira , de Souza Cunha Rebeka Correia , de Souza Siqueira Quintans Jullyana , Heimfarth Luana , Marques Aline Telles Biasoto , da Silva Darcilene Fiuza , de Campos Luis Felipe Castelli Correia , Persuhn Darlene Camati , Silva Alexandre Sérgio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe examined the influence of superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) Arg213Gly and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated α-Receptor (PPARα) 7G/C polymorphisms to a single dose of purple grape juice supplementation on time-to-exhaustion running test, redox balance and muscle damage in recreational runners.MethodsForty-seven male recreational runners performed a running test until exhaustion after supplementation with grape juice or a control drink. Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), plasma nitrite (NO), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured pre and post exercise. Also, polymorphisms were analyzed in DNA extracted from the oral mucosa.ResultsGrape juice improved the time-to-exhaustion. When analyzed by genotype, the recreational runners with GG+CG genotypes of the SOD3 gene had greater time-to-exhaustion than the CC genotype, but was no different for the PAPRα gene. A slight difference was noted in TAC, since the CC genotype of the SOD3 gene showed higher TAC values in the post-exercise compared to the baseline and with pre-exercise, but these values did not increase compared to the CG+GG group, respectively. The SOD3 and PPARα genes were similar at all times for the other biochemical variables.ConclusionThe ergogenic effect of grape juice was genotype-dependent for SOD3 Arg213Gly. However, biochemical redox balance markers did not explain this difference.
MUC3A promotes the progression of colorectal cancer through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway
Authors: Su Wei , Feng Baijie , Hu Lina , Guo Xianzhi , Yu Minghua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMucin 3A (MUC3A) is overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and associated with poor prognosis, but the related mechanism remains unclear. Our study found that MUC3A promotes the progression of CRC by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Knockout of MUC3A significantly inhibited the proliferation of CRC cells and induced G1 phase arrest by upregulating p21 protein, an important cell cycle regulator. Moreover, knockout of MUC3A significantly inhibited invasion ability and enhanced the sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic agent 5-FU. Furthermore, we found that knockout of MUC3A repressed the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway through RNA-seq. Treatment with the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitor rapamycin successfully eliminated the difference in proliferation, invasion and chemoresistance between MUC3A knockout cells and control cells. Our study suggests that MUC3A is a potential oncogene that promotes the proliferation, invasion, and chemotherapy resistance of CRC. Moreover, CRC patients with high expression of MUC3A may benefit from rapamycin treatment.
A randomised, crossover, clinical study to assess nicotine pharmacokinetics and subjective effects of the BIDI® stick ENDS compared with combustible cigarettes and a comparator ENDS in adult smokers
Authors: Fearon Ian M. , Gilligan Karin , Seltzer Ryan G. N. , McKinney Willie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Nicotine pharmacokinetic assessments of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are crucial to understand their ability to provide an alternative to cigarette smoking. Subjective effects data also strongly contribute to this understanding. The BIDI® Stick is a disposable ENDS product which contains 59 mg/ml nicotine benzoate salt and various flavours.

Methods
In this study, we assessed nicotine pharmacokinetics and subjective effects of 6 flavour variants of BIDI® Stick ENDS in adult smokers, compared to cigarettes and a comparator ENDS product. During each of eight study visits, 18 volunteer smoker subjects randomly used one of either their usual brand (UB) of cigarette, a BIDI® Stick ENDS, or a comparator ENDS (JUUL 59 mg/ml nicotine with Virginia Tobacco flavour), during both controlled (10 puffs, 30 s apart) and ad libitum (60 min) puffing sessions. Blood samples were collected at various time points and subjective effects questionnaires were administered.

Results
Mean [SD] plasma nicotine Cmax 0–120 was not significantly different between BIDI® Stick ENDS with any flavour (range 15.3 [9.90] ng/ml for BIDI® Stick Winter to 17.6 [9.00] ng/ml for BIDI® Stick Classic) and UB cigarettes (16.2 [9.17] ng/ml). Mean [SD] AUC0-120 (range 569.7 [327.29] to 628.6 [408.99] min*ng/ml for BIDI® Stick ENDS and 747.1 [325.48] min*ng/ml for UB cigarettes) and median Tmax 0–120 (range 5-7 min for all BIDI® Stick ENDS and UB cigarettes) values were also not significantly different between BIDI® Stick ENDS and UB cigarettes, while subjective effects measures were also similar between BIDI® Stick ENDS and UB cigarettes. Mean [SD] plasma nicotine Cmax 0–120, AUC0-120, and median Tmax 0–120 were 6.8 [4.13] ng/ml, 243.6 [179.04] min*ng/ml, and 5 min, respectively, for JUUL ENDS. These values were significantly different compared with those for all BIDI® Stick ENDS and UB cigarettes for both Cmax 0–120 and AUC0-120 but not for Tmax 0–120.

Conclusions
BIDI® Stick ENDS delivered nicotine to users comparably to their UB combustible cigarette and higher than JUUL ENDS, and also elicited similar subjective effects such as satisfaction and relief. Thus, the BIDI® Stick ENDS may be a satisfying alternative to cigarettes among current smokers and may support their transitioning away from cigarette smoking.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier number NCT05072925).
Biphasic synovial sarcomas of the liver: a case report and literature review
Authors: Liang Defeng , Meng Lingyu , Wang Shanshan , Yi Dan , Liu Yahui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Synovial sarcoma is a soft tissue sarcoma of temporarily unknown histologic origin with the ability for biphasic differentiation, occurring mostly in the vicinity of large joints of the extremities. Synovial sarcoma that originates in the liver is extremely rare. Only 7 cases have been reported in the domestic and international literature.

Case presentation
We report an 11-year-old female patient who underwent partial hepatectomy for a liver mass. Microscopically, she was diagnosed with hepatic biphasic synovial sarcoma. Cytogenetic examination revealed the fusion gene SS18-SSX1 (+), which confirmed the diagnosis.

Conclusion
Synovial sarcoma of the liver is a rare malignancy that is difficult to diagnose. Confirmation of diagnosis is based on histopathological assessment combined with immunohistochemical staining and, if necessary, cytogenetic aids.
Integrated care model and point of care diagnostics facilitate Hepatitis C treatment among patients receiving opioid agonist therapy: a retrospective review of medical records
Authors: Häkkinen Margareeta , Tourunen Jouni , Pitkänen Tuuli , Simojoki Kaarlo , Vuoti Sauli 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is common among individuals in opioid agonist therapy (OAT). HCV treatment has previously been unavailable for most HCV positive OAT patients in Finland. The removal of treatment restrictions and attempts to reach HCV elimination goals have increased the number of OAT patients needing HCV treatment. The objectives of this study were 1) to characterize Finnish HCV positive OAT patients and evaluate their eligibility for HCV treatment at addiction service units, and 2) to retrospectively review the outcomes of treated patients.

Methods
The study focused on HCV positive OAT patients (n = 235). Demographics and clinical parameters were retrospectively reviewed using the patients’ medical records. The eligibility of providing HCV treatment to patients at addiction service units were evaluated based on patients’ clinical characteristics, such as liver function and patterns of substance use. The outcomes of patients receiving HCV treatment were reviewed.

Results
Of HCV antibody positive OAT patients, 75% had chronic HCV. Of 103 HCV patients screened for liver fibrosis either with Fibroscan or APRI (aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index), 83 patients (81%) had no indication of severe liver damage. Point of care (POC) HCV tests were used for 46 patients to lower the threshold of attending laboratory testing. All patients preferred POC testing to conventional blood testing.
Twenty patients had received HCV treatment, 19 completed the treatment and achieved sustained virologic response (SVR) at the end of the treatment. Of the 18 patients available for evaluation of SVR at 12 weeks after the treatment (SVR12), 17 achieved SVR12.

Conclusions
The integrated model consisting of HCV diagnostics and treatment at the addiction service unit was successfully implemented within normal OAT practice.