bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the ethanolic root extract of the endemic Onosma, northern Iran.
Authors: Pahlavan Parsa , Babanejad Homan , Band Shahab S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This experimental study was performed for determining the antioxidant and antibacterial bioactivity of Onosma dichroantha’s root extract obtained using ethanol as our solvent. The results showed that phthalic acid, di(2-propylpentyl) ester (54.52%), .beta.-sitosterol (16.65%) and ethanol, 2-(butylamino)- (13.32%) were the major compounds of the ethanolic root extract of O. dichroantha. Total phenols was determined by the Folin-ciocalteu method and the flavonoid content was determined by the colorimetric aluminum chloride method. The maximum phenolic (139.2 ± 0.25 mg gallic acid equivalents/ g of root powder) and flavonoid (17.6 ± 0.12 mg quercetin equivalents/ g of root powder) contents were measured in the ethanol extract. The antioxidant capacity of the root extract was assessed by the scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. It was found that antioxidant activity elevated linearly with an increase in the concentration of the ethanol extract. Furthermore, the inhibition value was rather significant compared to the standard controls. The disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of this extract. Thereby, the ethanolic root extract of O. dichroantha exhibited great bioactivity against 11 bacterial species, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus epidermis and Streptococcus pyogenes. In conclusion, the ethanolic root extract of O. dichroantha has antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
Analysis of Sanitation and Waterborne Disease Occurrence in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Adegoke Hussein Adedoyin , Solihu Habeeb , Bilewu Solomon Olakunle 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Waterborne diseases are linked to significant disease burden worldwide. Waterborne diarrhoea disease, for example, is responsible for two million deaths each year. Proper household water and sanitation can, however, increase resilience to waterborne disease risks. In view of the foregoing, this work has established a relationship between sanitation and waterborne disease occurrence in Ondo State and between potable water and waterborne diseases in the State by the analysis of the data sourced from the Federal Ministry of Water Resources, Federal Republic of Nigeria. The Ministry has used the stratified sampling procedure to prepare the National Water Supply and Sanitation Baseline Survey Forms that was administered to get information on improved sanitation, potable water supply and waterborne disease occurrence in Ondo State, Nigeria. Three equations were generated to mock the variables of improved sanitation, potable water supply and waterborne disease occurrence and their interdependencies. To predict one variable when the other is known, modelled equations were also validated and returned errors were less than 50% in all cases. It was concluded that since the least average error was generated when the prevalence of waterborne diseases in the State was predicted with information available on improved sanitation, the occurrence of waterborne diseases in the State is due to the unhygienic practices of the people of the State. The study has contributed to the first two goals of SDG 2030 which are: to increase potable water availability and to give access to an improved level of sanitation by the year 2030.
Using Survey Data to Estimate the Impact of the Omicron Variant on Vaccine Efficacy against COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Rufino Jesús , Baquero Carlos , Frey Davide , Glorioso Christin , Ortega Antonio , Reščič Nina , Roberts Julian , Lillo Rosa , Menezes Raquel , Champati Jaya , Anta Antonio Fernandez 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Data collected in the Global COVID-19 Trends and Impact Surveys (UMD Global CTIS), and data on variants sequencing from GISAID, are used to evaluate the impact of the Omicron variant (in South Africa and other countries) on the prevalence of COVID-19 among unvaccinated and vaccinated population, in general and discriminating by the number of doses. In South Africa, we observe that the prevalence of COVID-19 in December (with strong presence of Omicron) among the unvaccinated population is comparable to the prevalence during the previous wave (in August-September), in which Delta was the variant with the largest presence. However, among vaccinated, the prevalence of COVID-19 in December is much higher than in the previous wave. In fact, a significant reduction of the vaccine efficacy is observed from August-September to December. For instance, the efficacy drops from 0.81 to 0.30 for those vaccinated with 2 doses, and from 0.51 to 0.09 for those vaccinated with one dose. The study is then extended to other countries in which Omicron has been detected, comparing the situation in October (before Omicron) with that of December. While the reduction measured is smaller than in South Africa, we still found, for instance, an average drop in vaccine efficacy from 0.53 to 0.45 among those vaccinated with two doses. Moreover, we found a significant negative (Pearson) correlation of around -0.6 between the measured prevalence of Omicron and the vaccine efficacy.
piRNAs Are a New COVID-19-Fighting Tool
Authors: Ivashchenko Anatoliy , Pyrkova Anna , Akimniyazova Aigul , Rakhmetullina Aizhan , Niyazova Togzhan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A prolonged pandemic with numerous human casualties requires a rapid search for means to control the various strains of SARS-CoV-2. Since only part of the human population is affected by coronaviruses, there are probably endogenous compounds preventing the spread of these viral pathogens. We investigated the effect of piRNA (PIWI-interacting RNAs) molecules on SARS-CoV-2 (NC_045512.2) coronavirus expression, which can inhibit protein synthesis on the genomic RNA (gRNA) of the virus and simultaneously prevent viral gRNA replication. A 28-nt cluster of 70 piRNA binding sites (BSs) in the SARS-CoV-2 gRNA region encoding the LETIQITIS oligopeptide of the ORF1ab protein was identified. The second cluster of BS 39 piRNAs with a length of 31 nt in the gRNA region encodes the RATLQAIASEF oligopeptide of the ORF1ab protein. The third cluster of 24 piRNA BSs 31 nt long in the gRNA region encodes the oligopeptide PKLQSSQAWQP of the ORF1ab protein. Twelve piRNAs were identified that strongly interact with the gRNA sites of the virus from 4670 nt to 29024 nt. Based on the identified functionally important endogenous piRNAs, synthetic piRNAs (spiRNAs) are proposed that will suppress the multiplication of the coronavirus even more strongly. These spiRNAs and selected endogenous piRNAs have little effect on human 17494 protein-coding genes, indicating a low probability of side effects. spiRNA and piRNA kits are proposed to control the SARS-CoV-2 strain. The piRNA and spiRNA selection methodology created for the control of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus NC_045512.2 can be used to control all strains of coronavirus.
Improving Image Quality in Diffuse Optical Tomography
Authors: Kazanci Huseyin Ozgur 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) imaging technique has low spatial image resolution and low image quality. DOT studies have shown that image quality is more affected by the forward model problem equation numbers. Forward model problem is built with the source and detector couplings, frequency, and phase shift data in frequency domain DOT (FDDOT). To improve the image quality, source-detector match numbers or frequency-phase data are increased. In this study, increased number of frequency-shift data were added to the forward model. Since increasing the number of source-detector numbers and frequency-shift data will raise the computational cost, the optimum number of frequency-shift data was set in this work. 8 sources and 8 detectors were placed based on the back-reflection imaging geometry. Diffuse optic tomography technique has basically 3 different running principal mode which are continuous wave (CW), time resolved (TR), and frequency domain (FD). Geometrically DOT imaging modality has also three basic source-detector placement approaches. These are back-reflected, transmission-through and ring imaging modes. Ring geometric placement is the most appropriate for breast imaging. Back-reflected mode is also suitable for breast imaging, beside it is also convenient for other tissue and organ imaging. In this work, back-reflected geometric source-detector placement was used. 8 sources and 8 detectors were placed based on the back-reflected geometric shape and it generated 64 total number of source-detector couplings. Since frequency domain forward model was built, additional frequency-shift data was also added to the forward model problem. 100 MHz modulation frequency was used for light source. Tissue absorption coefficient ma is 0.2 cm− 1 and tissue scattering coefficient µs is 80 cm− 1. x, y, z cartesian grid coordinate system has 1 micrometer length in each direction for simulation tissue media. In this work, the effect of frequency-shift was observed to improve the reconstructed image quality. Image quality was assessed based on the adding number of frequency-shift data. The total number of 20 and 500 frequency-shifts were tested against each other case. 2 inclusions were embedded inside the imaging tissue simulation geometry. The case 1 which has 20 frequency-shifts and the case 2 which has 500 frequency-shifts were compared with each other. It was observed that case 2 is superior to the case 1. This is the first study to show the effect of increasing frequency-shift data to the forward model problem in DOT imaging modality.
Data Governance für Smart Mobility aus rechtlicher Perspektive
Authors: Früh Alfred , Braun Binder Nadja , Schibli Robert 
Published: February 2022

Die rechtliche Befassung mit Smart Mobility steht — zumindest aus dem Blickwinkel der Data Governance — noch ganz am Anfang. Der vorliegende Artikel versteht sich als Auslegeordnung, auf deren Basis weitere rechtliche Erwägungen angestell werden können. Erstens gibt der Beitrag einen Überblick über die wesentlichen Aspekte von Smart Mobility, zweitens zeigt er auf, welche rechtlichen Herausforderungen sich mit Blick auf die für Smart Mobility unabdingbare Datennutzung stellen und drittens skizziert er mögliche rechtliche Handlungsoptionen.
--
La recherche juridique menée sur la smart mobility n'en est qu'à ses débuts, du moins du point de vue de la gouvernance des données (data governance). La présente publication est un état des lieux sur la base de laquelle de nouvelles réflexions juridiques peuvent être menées. Premièrement, l'article donne un aperçu des aspects essentiels de la smart mobility, deuxièmement, il met en évidence les défis juridiques qui se posent en ce qui concerne l'utilisation des données, indispensable à la smart mobility, et troisièmement, il esquisse les options juridiques possibles.
Effect of the Nutraceutical Micodigest 2.0 on the Complication Rate of Colorectal Cancer Surgery With Curative Intent: Protocol for a Placebo-Controlled Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Regueiro Cristina , Codesido Laura , García-Nimo Laura , Zarraquiños Sara , Remedios David , Rodríguez-Blanco Arturo , Sinde Esteban , Fernández-de-Ana Catalina , Cubiella Joaquín 
Published: February 2022

Background
Most colorectal cancer patients diagnosed are candidates for surgical resection with curative intent, although colorectal surgery is associated with some complications that could be life-threatening. Antibiotic prophylaxis is commonly used for the prevention of infectious postoperative complications. However, this intervention can change the composition of intestinal microbiota and promote adverse inflammatory outcomes in colorectal cancer patients. The combination of different fungal extracts could be beneficial because of their role in gut microbiota modulation and their anti-inflammatory activity.

Objective
Based on this hypothesis, we have designed a double-bind, randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effect of the nutraceutical fungal extract Micodigest 2.0 on complications of surgery for colorectal cancer resection.

Methods
Colorectal cancer candidates for surgery will be considered for inclusion in the study. After evaluation by the multidisciplinary tumor board, patients who meet selection criteria will be screened, stratified according to tumor location, and randomly allocated to be treated with Micodigest 2.0 or placebo. Treatment will be continued until admission for surgery (4-6 weeks). Participants will undergo a medical and clinical evaluation including baseline and preadmission quality of life, microbiome composition, inflammatory and nutritional status, adverse events, and adherence assessments. The main end point of the study is the surgery complication rate. We will evaluate complications using the Clavien-Dindo classification. It will be necessary to recruit 144 patients to find a relevant clinical difference. We will also evaluate the effect of the nutraceutical on microbiome composition, inflammatory response, nutritional status, and quality of life, as well as the effect of these variables on surgical complications.

Results
This study was funded in 2020 by the Center for Industrial Technology Development. Recruitment began in September 2021 and is expected to be completed in September 2022. Data will be analyzed and the results will be disseminated in 2023.

Conclusions
The results of this protocol study could help to reduce surgery complications in patients with colorectal cancer using the new treatment Micodigest. This study could also identify new features associated with colorectal surgery complications. In summary, this study trial could improve the management of colorectal cancer patients.

Trial Registration
Clinical Trials.gov NCT04821258; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04821258

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/34292
The Extent of Principals’ Empowerment and Their Functions towards Management of Public Elementary Schools
Authors: ANJELICA P. RIVERA PAULA , P. IBARRA FLORANTE 
Published: February 2022

This study examined the relationship between the extent of empowerment of public elementary school principals and their functions towards school management in the District of Aliaga, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. 18 public elementary principals/school heads were involved. Anchored on Zimmerman’s (2000) empowerment theory, both process and outcomes-based empowerment had been carefully assessed. This lens provided principles and framework in looking at processes such as individual action and engagement activities within a particular social context. Survey questionnaire was used involving statements measured through Likert scale. With a six-month period of data gathering, Pearson r was utilized in the analysis. Results revealed that instructional (r=.408, p <0.01) and administrative empowerments (r=.776, p <0.01) established highly significant relationships with school safety and orderliness, opportunities to learn, time on task and instructional leadership respectively. Recommendations on sustainability of quality instruction in relation to school-based management are further taken into account as these might likewise impact the teaching and learning process to enhancing the identity of instructional leadership.
Managing Young Human Resource Behaviors through Character Education
Authors: Asad Asad , Fridiyanto Fridiyanto 
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this research was to explore what efforts were being made by the Madrasah Tsanawiyah Bungo Regency in order to foster and embed character education in their students, in particular; how to plan, implement, supervise, and evaluate character education for students in One State Madrasah Tsanawiyah Bungo Regency. This research was a qualitative research with a case study approach. In collecting the data, the researcher used a demographic background and an in-depth interview with 9 participants. The participants in this research were one principal, two vice principals, three teachers, and three students. Based on the findings of the research, it concluded the design of this education plan had been carried out periodically from the beginning of the year by perfecting the plan of the previous year and continued by making a plan for the following year which was carried out by a deliberation meeting with the teacher assembly and entered into the education calendar. The finding related to the implementation of character education was carried out by integrating character education into daily activities at the madrasah and building communication between schools with parents of students. Furthermore, the finding of supervision showed that each party in the school such as the principal, vice-principals and teachers played an active role in supervising both directly and indirectly. The teacher was the party that had an active role because the teacher in addition to overseeing student actions, teacher also taught about how to inculcate character education in the classroom so that it can improve student behaviors by giving a warning. In terms of evaluation, it showed that the learning process of character education had been going quite well and in accordance with what was expected even though there were still shortcomings such as there were teachers who still did not understand the materials well, so the learning process was still less interesting and satisfying, especially in religious learning.
Estudio de los pueblos mágicos en México: el caso del municipio de Chignahuapan, Puebla
Authors: Pérez Paredes Alfredo , Juárez Fonseca Verónica , Torralba-Flores Amado 
Published: February 2022

Problemática: en México, la denominación de pueblos se realizó con los propósitos de fortalecer a las comunidades y de mejorar la competitividad de las empresas, las condiciones laborales de sus trabajadores y la calidad de vida de la comunidad. Sin embargo, al paso de los años se observa que esto no ocurre. Objetivos: estudiar al municipio de Chignahuapan desde la mirada socioeconómica y cultural del turismo y contribuir con propuestas al fortalecimiento de la comunidad. Materiales y métodos: el tipo de investigación fue cuantitativa, toda vez que se aplicaron cuatro tipos de encuestas, así como la indagación documental, que confluyeron para la construcción del marco conceptual. Resultados: los principales resultados encontrados por parte del gobierno municipal indican que a causa de la denominación de pueblo cuentan con recursos adicionales. En lo correspondiente a los visitantes, se encontró que el 100 % de estos son mexicanos y que las calificaciones por el servicio recibido no son las mejores. En cuanto a los ciudadanos, estos consideran que la denominación de pueblo no ha incrementado el turismo y tampoco ha disminuido las actividades productivas tradicionales. Discusión: de los múltiples resultados explorados se encontró que, en el tema de la economía, la ciudadanía considera que el turismo en efecto ha contribuido al crecimiento del empleo, aunque esta contribución es temporal y no ha mejorado la calidad de vida de los habitantes. Conclusiones: se concluye que hay una necesidad de darle mayor visibilidad a la comunidad para incrementar la afluencia turística y con ello contribuir a mejorar el nivel de vida de los habitantes de tan importante lugar. Contribución/originalidad: la presente contribución se considera original, toda vez que no se han encontrado investigaciones con estas características sobre las implicaciones de la denominación de pueblo mágico para la comunidad de Chignahuapan.
Pars Plana Vitrectomy in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in Paediatric Patients in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia 2017
Authors: Hilda Faresa , Djatikusumo Ari , Elvioza Elvioza , Adriono Gitalisa Andayani , Yudantha Anggun Rama , Hutapea Mario Marbungaran , Victor Andi Arus 
Published: February 2022

In the past decades, indications for PPV in paediatric patients has been rising with large heterogeneity outcomes among studies. Our objective is to present a pilot descriptive study in Indonesia, regarding pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) success rate in paediatric patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (CMH). A retrospective study was conducted on 16 paediatric eyes diagnosed for RRD and treated in CMH during the period of January 2017 to December 2017. A total of 16 RRD eyes were identified in 15 individuals. Majority of the patients were male and were in the age group of 12-18 years. There were 13 patients undergone PPV with or without SB. Functional anatomical success rate was determined from the macula status while functional success rate on final BCVA. Among 16 patients, 14 had constant or increased final BCVA and 11 had reattached macula. The success rate of PPV in terms of anatomical outcome was 11 out of 16 eyes and in functional outcome was 8 out of 16 eyes.
Keywords: pars plana vitrectomy, paediatric ophthalmology, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Karakteristik dan Hasil Vitrektomi Pars Plana pada Pasien Pediatrik di Divisi Vitreoretina Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo Tahun 2017
Abstrak
Indikasi tindakan vitrektomi pars plana (PPV) pada pasien pediatrik bertambah secara signifikan dalam beberapa dekade terakhir. Penelitian ini dilakukan sebagai studi awal di Indonesia, terkait tingkat keberhasilan PPV pada pasien anak dengan rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) khususnya di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM). Studi retrospektif dilakukan terhadap 16 mata RRD pada 15 pasien anak di RSCM pada periode Januari 2017 – Desember 2017. Mayoritas pasien merupakan laki-laki dalam kelompok umur 12-18 tahun. Terdapat 13 pasien yang menjalani PPV dengan atau tanpa scleral buckle (SB). Tingkat keberhasilan anatomi dilihat dari status penempelan makula, sementara tingkat keberhasilan fungsional dinilai dari visus akhir. Tingkat keberhasilan anatomi PPV dalam studi ini adalah 11/16 mata, dan tingkat keberhasilan fungsional mencapai 8/16 mata.
Kata kunci: vitrektomi pars plana, oftalmologi pediatrik, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
Uso de estatinas é associado à menor mortalidade de causa cardiovascular em pacientes em diálise candidatos ao transplante renal
Authors: Seixas Emerson de Albuquerque , Martin Luis Cuadrado 
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: avaliar a associação entre variáveis clínicas, laboratoriais, achados de cinecoronariografia e uso de medicamentos com mortalidade de causa cardiovascular (CV) em pacientes em diálise candidatos ao transplante renal. Métodos: Foi realizado estudo longitudinal observacional em 103 candidatos ao TR de dois centros. Verificou-se a associação entre a ocorrência de óbito cardiovascular e variáveis clínicas. Variáveis que apresentaram associação com a variável desfecho ao nível de p<0,1 foram selecionadas para a análise de Cox. Idade e presença de diabetes melito foram forçadas no modelo. Resultados: foram rastreados 128 pacientes, dos quais, 20 foram excluídos por se recusarem a participar do estudo e 3 por óbito antes do início do estudo. Dos 105 pacientes restantes, dois foram excluídos por falha de registro dos desfechos, portanto 103 foram incluídos em análise longitudinal. Análise univariada não identificou variável clínica que se associou a ocorrência de óbito de causa cardiovascular, entretanto, a modalidade de diálise e uso de estatina foram selecionadas para análise múltipla, pois se associaram ao desfecho ao nível de p<0,1. Análise de Cox para avaliar a associação entre variáveis clínicas e a ocorrência de óbito CV em diálise identificou apenas uso de estatina como preditor de menor risco de óbito CV (HR: 0,106; IC95%: 0,013-0,852; p=0,035). Conclusão: nos pacientes em diálise candidatos ao TR apenas o uso de estatina apresentou associação inversa, estatisticamente significante, com a ocorrência de óbito de causa cardiovascular.