bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propensity Score Analysis with Missing Data Using a Multi- Task Neural Networks
Authors: Yang Shu , Du Peipei , Feng Xixi , He Daihai , Chen Yaolong , Zhong Linda LD , Yan Xiaodong , Luo Jiawei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground:Propensity score analysis is increasingly used to control for confounding factors in observational studies. Unfortunately, unavoidable missing values make estimating propensity scores extremely challenging. We propose a new method for estimating propensity scores in data with missing values.Materials and Methods:Both simulated and real-world datasets are used in our experiments. The simulated datasets were constructed under two scenarios, the presence (T=1) and the absence (T=0) of the true effect. The real-world dataset comes from the LaLonde's employment training program. We construct missing data with varying degrees of missing rates under three missing mechanisms: MAR, MCAR, and MNAR. Then we compare MTNN with two other traditional methods in different scenarios. The experiments in each scenario were repeated 1000 times. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/ljwa2323/MTNN.Results:Under the three missing mechanisms of MAR, MCAR and MNAR, the RMSE between the effect and the true effect estimated by our proposed method is the smallest in simulations and in real-world data. Furthermore, the standard deviation of the effect estimated by our method is the smallest. In situations where the missing rate is low, the estimation of our method is more accurate.Conclusions:MTNN can perform propensity score estimation and missing value filling at the same time through shared hidden layers and joint learning, which solves the dilemma of traditional methods and is very suitable for estimating true effect in samples with missing values. Therefore, it is expected to be extensively generalized and used in real-world observational studies.
Plant-based and high protein diets are associated with a lower risk of obesity among Koreans at a high genetic risk of obesity.
Authors: Daily James , Park Sunmin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background/Objectives: Obesity has become a severe public health challenge globally. The present study aimed to identify separate and interactive dietary, genetic, and other factors that increase the risk of obesity, as measured by body fat mass.
Subjects/Methods: We utilized a genome-wide association study to identify genetic variants associated with high-fat mass(obesity; n=10,502) and combined them to generate polygenic risk scores(PRS) of genetic variants interacting with each other in adults aged over 40(n=58,701). We then evaluated dietary and lifestyle factors in subjects to assess what factors might help overcome a genetic propensity for higher body fat.
Results: The three-SNP model included brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)_rs6265, fat mass and obesity-associated protein(FTO)_rs1421085, and SEC16B_rs509325. ADCY3_rs6545790 and BAIAP2_rs35867081 minor alleles increased their gene expression in the visceral and subcutaneous adipocytes, but ADCY3_rs6545790 and BAIAP2_rs35867081 minor alleles decreased their gene expression in the hypothalamus. In the three-SNP model, the PRS was associated with body fat mass by 1.408 and 1.396 times after adjusting covariates 1 and 2, respectively. However, when separating subjects by PRS of the three-SNP model, a plant-based diet was the most significant factor associated with low body fat, followed by high protein diets and lower energy intakes. They could offset the effects of high genetic risk for high body fat.
Conclusions: Modulating nutrient intakes might overcome a high genetic risk for obesity. Dietary choices favoring more plant-based and higher protein foods might help prevent increased body fat in Asians and potentially people of other ethnicities with high polygenetic risk scores.
Serum Cingulin Levels are Increased in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Authors: Artık Abdülbaki , Gündüz Bahar Öztelcan , Mızrak Soycan , Işık Ümit , Acıkel Burak 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background:Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders in which the underlying pathogenesis and etiologic factors are not fully understood. The blood brain barrier (BBB) ​​plays a critical role in central nervous system (CNS) defense by limiting access to circulating solutes, macromolecules, and cells that can negatively affect neuronal activity. The loss of BBB integrity is likely to be seen as a common pathologic finding for many psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, ASD, and mood disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether serum cingulin levels are associated with ASD.
Subjects and Methods: A total of 40 treatment-naive children with ASD and 40 healthy controls were included in the present study. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children, Present and Lifetime Version-DSM-5 (K-SADS-PL-DSM-5) has been used to screen healthy controls for psychiatric disorders by a psychiatrist after a physical examination by a paediatrician. The clinical severity of the ASD symptoms has been assessed by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Venous blood samples were collected and serum cingulin levels were measured.
Results: When the ASD and control groups were compared, CARS and CINGULIN values of the patient group were statistically higher than the healthy group. There is a statistically positive correlation between CARS and Cingulin values.
Discussion: To the best of our knowledge, this study is a first in the literature conducted about the serum cingulin levels, which is a component of BBB, among patients with ASD. Our findings demonstrate that serum cingulin levels are meaningfully higher in ASD group compared to the healthy control group. It has been also indicated that there has been a meaningful relationship between serum cingulin levels and ASD symptom severity.
Contraceptive Utilization And Associated Factors Among Polygamous And Monogamous Women In Worebabo Woreda, South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Teferi Eueail , Fissha Yonas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background

In Ethiopia high population growth and unintended pregnancies are posing pressures where the economy is incapable of holding overpopulation. Despite this problem, utilization of modern contraception is low in rural areas of the country, especially in the areas where polygamy is common. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess contraceptive utilization and associated factors among polygamous and monogamous women in worebabo woreda, South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia.

Method

A community-based comparative cross-sectional and phenomenological study design was employed from July 1 to September 30, 2021, on the total sample size of 774 selected married women of the reproductive age group by using a multistage sampling method and a purposive sampling method were used for the qualitative part of the study. A pre-tested interview with a structured questionnaire was used to collect data and key informants were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire. Associated factors were analyzed by using bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression models. The odds ratio, with a 95% confidence level, was used to declare a statistically significant association.

Result

A total of 703 married women of the reproductive age groups were interviewed, yielding a 90.89% response rate; among these married women, 352 and 351 were in monogamous and polygamous relationships. The proportion of women who use modern contraceptives was 161 (45.7%) in monogamous relationship, and 151 (43.0%) in polygamous relationships. Overall, utilization of modern contraceptives was significantly associated with educational status (AOR = 2.143,CI:1.428–3.216), religion (AOR = 1.704,CI:1.144–2.539), fertility desire (AOR = 3.17,CI:1.939–5.183), who decides on the number of children (AOR = 3.054,CI:1.93–4.832), getting clear information by Health care provider (AOR = 4.624, CI:3.132–6.828), family pressure (AOR = 1.855,CI:1.351–2.75), fear of social stigma (AOR = 2.482,CI:1.666–3.699), and accepts myths about contraceptives (AOR = 1.878,CI: 1.278–2.761).

Conclusion

This study identified that utilization of modern contraception was low in the study area. The district health office and concerned stakeholders should implement interventions that scale up contraceptive use, need family involvement in decision making, addressing myths around contraceptives, helping women to get education, and training of health care providers.
Trends and determinants of changes in cumulative fertility among married women in Kenya between 2003 and 2014: an analysis of demographic health surveys
Authors: Orwa James , Gatimu Samwel , Ariho Paulino , Temmerman Marleen , Luchters Stanley 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Globally, cumulative fertility has declined in the last three decades. In sub-Saharan Africa Including Kenya, this decline started more recent and at a slower pace compared to other regions. Despite a significant fertility decline in Kenya, there are disparities in intra- and interregional fertility. Reduction in cumulative fertility has health benefits for both the mother and child, thus it is important to improve women and children health outcomes associated with high fertility. The study, therefore evaluated the determinants of change in cumulative fertility among married women of reproductive age in Kenya between 2003 and 2014.
Methods: The study used the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) datasets of 2003, 2008 and 2014. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to calculate the mean number of children ever born (cumulative fertility) and to assess the change in fertility across different factors. A Poisson-based multivariate decomposition for the nonlinear response model was performed to identify and quantify the contribution of demographic, socioeconomic and reproductive correlates, to the change in cumulative fertility between 2003 and 2014.
Results: The study included 3,917, 4,002, and 7,332 weighted samples of women of reproductive age in 2003, 2008, and 2014, respectively. The mean number of children born declined from 3.8 (95% CI: 3.6–3.9) in 2003 to 3.5 (95% CI: 3.4–-3.7) in 2008 and 3.4 (95% CI: 3.3–3.4) in 2014 (p=0.001). The changes in socio-demographic composition of the population (i.e. changes in the characteristics of women) explained 81.6% of the decline while 18.4% was due to changes in fertility behaviour of women. The main contributors to the change in cumulative fertility were reduced child mortality (88.6%), urbanisation (44.5%), education (15.8%), family size (12.8%) and increased age at first marriage (12.1%).
Conclusion: The cumulative fertility declined by one-tenth between 2003 and 2014; majorly as a result of the compositional difference in characteristics of women in terms of child death experience, residing in urban areas and level of education. These highlights a need to continue strengthening the healthcare systems (access to quality antenatal care, skilled delivery, and postpartum care) to reduce child mortality and implement education policies that focuses on gender equality and women empowerment.
Efficacy and safety evaluation of Venetoclax for relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yan Zhimin , Guo Zhong , Yan Ling , Ye Wencan , Lai Haisheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of venetoclax in the treatment of relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by meta-analysis.MethodWe searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library for relevant studies. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or clinical trials that included venetoclax in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia published with the primary outcome of overall survival (OS). According to the heterogeneity among different studies, Revman5.4 was used to conduct fixed effect or random effect model analysis. Egger test were used to detect publication bias. The GRADE system was used to evaluate the quality of the evidence for the primary outcome measure.ResultsA total of 5 RCTs were included, including 487 cases in the experimental group and 251 cases in the control group. Compared with the control group, the overall survival (HR=1.56, 95%CI: 1.38-1.77, P < 0.00001) of relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia was longer and better with venetoclax. However, the risk of hematological adverse events (HR=1.25, 95% CI: 0.99-1.58, P=0.05), non-hematological adverse events (HR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.09-1.36, P=0.29) and serious adverse events (HR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.07-1.65, P=0.002) in the treatment of relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia was relatively low.ConclusionsCompared with the control group, Venetoclax can improve the clinical efficacy of patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia, but its adverse reaction rate is relatively high. This therapy may be a promising treatment for patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia, but it is necessary to monitor the related adverse events of patients for symptomatic treatment during use.
A Hydrogen-Containing Di-Phenyl Siloxane Cross-Linker for Ultra-High Hardness and High Refractive Index Silicone Rubber and its application in LED encapsulation
Authors: pan zhaoqun , chen yu , li bohao , zhang zhun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Herein, a linear hydrogen cross-linker with a high hydrogen content was proposed in the study. The hydrogen-containing di-phenyl silicone oil (HDPSO) was fabricated by non-hydrolytic sol-gel reaction and ring-opening polymerization. After raw materials were mixed with vinyl base polymer, the cured sample showed ultra-high hardness (~ 92 shore D), refractive index (~ 1.542 at 633 nm), and transparency (~ 92.6% at 450 nm). After lighting for 168 h at room temperature, the samples showed no yellowing phenomenon and the lumen depreciation was only 4.9%. The samples demonstrated outstanding reliability compared to other commercialized silicone materials. The HDPSO is a promising cross-linker candidate for reliable high-performance LED encapsulantion.
The Maximum Entropy Principle to predict foragerspatial distributions: an alternate perspective formovement ecology
Authors: Aragones Pau Capera , Tyson Rebecca C. , Foxall Eric 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Maximum Entropy Principle (MaxEnt) is a powerful inference principle that allows to determine the distribution that describes a system on the basis of the information available, usually in the form of averages of observables (random variables) of interest for the system, and the assumption of maximal ignorance (maximum entropy) beyond the stated prior information.In this work we focus on the use of MaxEnt in the context of spatial ecology for building theory to predict equilibrium foraging distributions. This represents a new application of MaxEnt and a novel approach to compute spatial foraging distributions, which is able to incorporate mechanisms such as resource-depletion, optimallity of the foraging strategy, travel costs, information uncertanity, and inter-specific and intra-specific competition into the statistical inference. Our results show how our model predictions can resemble both, the predictions of optimal and random foraging, and give a simple quantitative way to connect these two extreme foraging behaviours. In addition, our work show the capability of modelling using energy and entropy arguments to relax most of the basic assumptions of the Ideal Free Distribution of ecology to expand its range of applicability.Overall, we show the power of MaxEnt to build theory and to relate existing models in spatial ecology by use of a universal principle. We further discuss the potential applicability of MaxEnt to build theory in other contexts of ecology, such as to formulate population dynamics models, and the potential use of the dynamic form of MaxEnt, i.e. the Maximum Caliber Principle, to develop further theory on dynamical systems in spatial ecology.
Differential expression of Toll-like receptors in response to symptomatic and asymptomatic Trichomonas vaginalis infections
Authors: yadav sonal , Verma Vivek , Yamini P , Dhanda Rakesh Singh , Khurana Sumeeta , Yadav Manisha 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTrichomonas vaginalisis a parasitic protozoan that causes a sexually transmitted disease called trichomoniasis. In the present study we have investigated the expression of the TLRs (TLR1/2, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR9) by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry in the vagina and cervix tissues of BALB/c mice infected with symptomatic and asymptomaticT. vaginalisisolates. We found a higher expression ofTlr1, Tlr4, and Tlr9in the cervical tissues at later time points in asymptomatic groups. In the vaginal tissue, elevatedTlr1/Tlr2was observed at early time points in the symptomatic group. However,Tlr4was measured in the asymptomatic group at early time points. Vaginal tissues of the symptomatic group showed a high level of IL-10 on 4thdpi and in the asymptomatic group on 8thdpi and 14thdpi, respectively. In the asymptomatic group’s cervical tissue, high IL-10 and TGF-β levels were seen on 2nddpi and in the symptomatic group on 4thdpi. We conclude from this study that differential expression of TLRs was observed in the vaginal and cervical tissues of BALB/c infected with symptomatic and asymptomatic isolates ofT. vaginalis. Our finding suggests that TLRs play an important role in recognizing ligands ofT. vaginalisinfection.
MiPy: A Framework for Benchmarking Machine Learning Prediction of Unplanned Hospital and ICU Readmission in the MIMIC-IV Database
Authors: Partovi Andi , Lukose Dickson , Webb Geoffrey I. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Avoidable and unplanned readmissions to hospital wards, especially the Intensive Care Unit, have significant implications for the patients’ health and poses additional economic burdens on the health system. If patients who are at risk of readmission are identified early and their risks are mitigated, these complications can be avoided.
Machine Learning has been a valuable tool for automatic identification and prediction of various health conditions and situations, including unplanned readmissions. This is made possible through processing large collections of clinical data to build predictive models.
However, the clinical data from which these models are built is highly confidential, which has restricted the ability of researchers to provide their data to the wider community, hence limiting reproducibility and comparability between results. The MIMIC databases are large, publicly available clinical datasets, which make reproducibility and comparability feasible.
To maximise the benefit the research community derives from this invaluable resource, we developed MiPy, an open source standardised framework for preparing, building, and evaluating machine learning models for predicting both hospital and ICU readmission, on the MIMIC-IV database. The primary aim of this work is to enhance reproducibility and comparability of research in the field.
The EU and the Western Balkan response during the Migrant Crisis: is the European Green Deal inclusive for all?
Authors: Komljenović Marija 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The European Green Deal does not clearly consider the issue of migrant inclusion, nor are there specific data on the risk of migrants falling into poverty, energy poverty, social exclusion and other data that could help to create to create an effective policy that would be applied in this area. With the growing energy and economic crisis, certain decisions and measures are taken, but the position of migrants (who are mostly in the category of poorer citizens) is largely untacked. Main objective of this study is to assess current position of migrant population when it comes to risk from poverty (including energy poverty) and social exclusion in the 4 EU countries with the largest influx of migrants. The economic and energy crisis, as well as the labour shortage, create a need for research of this kind. The growing risk of energy poverty affects EU citizens, but it is reasonable to assume that the risk to the migrant population is greater and currently without a proper systematic response.
Results
An analysis was conducted across the four traditional destination countries, between EU citizens, national citizens and foreign-born citizens (2014 to 2020) and the results revealed that foreign-born citizens have a greater risk of poverty or social exclusion. In 2020, citizens of Sweden that were not born in the EU28 had more than 360% greater chance than national citizens of being at risk of poverty (including energy poverty) or social exclusion. In France, the foreign citizens were 340% more likely to be exposed to poverty than national citizens. The same statistics also show that the risk of poverty (including energy poverty) or social exclusion for foreign citizens in Germany are at the highest rate in 2020. The UK rates demonstrate an increased 10% (2014-2018) difference in the risk of poverty (including energy poverty) or social exclusion for foreign citizens. The statistics show that non-EU citizens de facto have a higher risk of poverty (including energy poverty) or social exclusion, which will greatly complicate the EU's response to the ongoing crisis, and greater problems can be expected with the growing number of refugees.
Recommendations
Bearing in mind the results of the research, the basic recommendations elaborated in the paper are as follows: a) up-to-date collection and innovation of data for the migrant population (including data on energy poverty), b) creation of conditions for more efficient employment of migrants, c) adoption of special measures to protect migrants from energy poverty, and d) strengthening of cooperation between the EU and to non-EU countries on the migrant route.
The Pathogenicity comparison of RHDV and RHDV2 in China by using relative quantitative assay
Authors: TU Teng , Zhou You , Jiang Dike , Pang Maonan , Wu Xulong , Yao Xueping , Luo Yan , Yang Zexiao , Ren Meishen , Wang Yin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) belongs to Lagovirus in the Caliciviridae family. RHDV is an acute, septic, and highly lethal disease in rabbits. RHDV2, a new variant of RHDV, caused explosive mortality in rabbits of all ages in Sichuan Province, China. To explore the differences in pathogenicity of rabbits infected with RHDV2/RHDV, we investigated the virulence and disease progression of a naturally occurring RHDV/RHDV2 in 4-week-old, 13-week-old, and 25-week-old New Zealand White laboratory rabbits after RHDV/RHDV2 infection. Objective measures of disease progression were recorded through a continuous body temperature monitor. We observed the kittens were infected with RHDV2 in the most urgent course of the disease, and RHDV is not lethal to kittens. We found that the target organ of both RHDV and RHDV2 was the liver, but the disease course of the two viruses was different. Our study enriches the research on the pathogenicity of RHDV2 and RHDV under the same conditions. We carried out studies on the infection of RHDV2 and RHDV in rabbits of different ages under the same conditions, which enriched the study on the pathogenicity of RHD.