bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimal extrathyroidal extension is associated with lymph node metastasis in single papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a retrospective analysis of 814 patients
Authors: Song Ra-Yeong , Kim Hee Sung , Kang Kyung Ho 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Extrathyroidal extension (ETE) is considered a major prognostic factor in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Patients with gross ETE are at increased risk of recurrence and mortality. The importance of minimal ETE still remains controversial, especially in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between ETE and lymph node (LN) metastasis in single PTMC.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed of 1994 patients underwent thyroidectomy for PTC between 2012 and 2016 in a single institution. Patients with combined thyroid carcinoma of other types and those who underwent completion thyroidectomy were excluded. After further exclusion of PTC larger than 1 cm and multifocal tumors, 814 patients with single PTMC were included in the study.

Results
72.9% patients had no ETE, 25.1% minimal ETE, and 2.1% gross ETE. ETE was associated with lymphatic invasion, perineural invasion, and vascular invasion. Patients with minimal and gross ETE were also more likely to have LN metastasis, including lateral neck metastasis, compared to those without ETE. In univariate analysis, LN metastasis was associated with male gender, conventional PTC, lymphatic invasion, perineural invasion, and ETE. In multivariate analysis, male gender (OR = 1.987; 95% CI 1.369–2.884), lymphatic invasion (OR = 4.389; 95% CI 1.522–12.658), perineural invasion (OR = 6.545; 95% CI 1.262–33.948), and minimal ETE (OR = 1.852; 95% CI 1.298–2.643) were found to be independent risk factors of LN metastasis.

Conclusions
Minimal ETE is associated with LN metastasis in single PTMC, compared to no ETE. Minimal ETE should be considered in the management of patients with single PTMC, whether surgical or during active surveillance.
Comparison of predictors for early and late mortality in adults commencing HIV antiretroviral therapy in Zimbabwe: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Byers Bradley W. , Drak Douglas , Shamu Tinei , Chimbetete Cleophas , Dahwa Rumbi , Gracey David M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
People living with HIV (PLWHIV) commencing antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa experience significant mortality within the first year. Previously, identified risk factors for mortality may be biased towards these patients, as compared to those who experience late mortality.

Aim
To compare risk factors for early and late mortality in PLWHIV commencing ART.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of ART-naïve patients aged ≥ 18 years from an outpatient HIV clinic in Zimbabwe. Data were collected between January 2010 and January 2019. Predictors for early (≤ 1 year) and late mortality (> 1 year) were determined by multivariable cox proportional hazards analyses, with patients censored at 1 year and landmark analysis after 1 year, respectively.

Results
Three thousand and thirty-nine PLWHIV were included in the analysis. Over a median follow-up of 4.6 years (IQR 2.5–6.9), there was a mortality rate of 8.8%, with 50.4% of deaths occurring within 1 year. Predictors of early mortality included CD4 count < 50 cells/µL (HR 1.84, 95% CI 1.24–2.72, p < 0.01), WHO Stage III (HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.28–3.27, p < 0.01) or IV (HR 2.83, 95% CI 1.67–4.81, p < 0.01), and eGFR < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 (HR 2.48, 95% CI 1.56–3.96, p < 0.01). Other than age (p < 0.01), only proteinuria (HR 2.12, 95% CI 1.12–4.01, p = 0.02) and diabetes mellitus (HR 3.51, 95% CI 1.32–9.32, p = 0.01) were associated with increased risk of late mortality.

Conclusions

Traditional markers of mortality risk in patients commencing ART appear to be limited to early mortality. Proteinuria and diabetes are some of the few predictors of late mortality, and should be incorporated into routine screening of patients commencing ART.
Developing a new predictive index for anastomotic leak following the anastomosis of esophageal atresia: preliminary results from a single centre
Authors: Hong Song-Ming , Chen Qiang , Cao Hua , Hong Jun-Jie , Huang Jin-Xi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine a predictive index for the risk of anastomotic leak following esophageal atresia anastomosis,MethodsThis article reviewed the clinical data of 74 children with esophageal atresia in Fujian Children's hospital. The risk factors for anastomotic leak were analysed, and a new predictive index was proposed.ResultsThe incidence of anastomotic leak was 29.7% after anastomosis in 74 children with esophageal atresia. Birth weight and gap length were risk factors for anastomotic leak. Logistic regression analysis showed that birth weight (Wald 2 = 4.528,P = 0.033, OR = 0.273) was a protective factor for anastomotic leak, whereas gap length (Wald 2 = 7.057,P = 0.008, OR = 2.388) was a risk factor for anastomotic leak. The ratio of gap length to birth weight had a positive predictive effect on the occurrence of anastomotic leak (AUC = 0.732,P = 0.002).ConclusionBirth weight and gap length are important predictors of anastomotic leak in esophageal atresia. Measurement of the ratio of gap length to birth weight is a helpful predictive index for anastomotic leak following the anastomosis of esophageal atresia.
Lutein levels in arterial cord blood correlate with neurotrophic calcium binding S100B protein in healthy preterm and term newborns
Authors: Picone Simonetta , Ritieni Alberto , Graziani Giulia , Paolillo Piermichele , D’Adamo Ebe , Botondi Valentina , Panichi Daniele , Torresi Sara , David Daniela , di Ludovico Armando , Chiarelli Francesco , Gazzolo Diego 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
S100B is an established biomarker of brain development and damage. Lutein (LT) is a naturally occurring xanthophyll carotenoid mainly concentrated in the central nervous system (CNS), but its neurotrophic role is still debated. We investigated whether LT cord blood concentrations correlate with S100B in a cohort of preterm and term healthy newborns.

Methods
We conducted a prospective study on the distribution of LT and S100B in arterial cord blood of healthy preterm (n = 50) and term (n = 50) newborns.

Results
S100B and LT showed a pattern of concentration characterized by higher levels (P < 0.01, for all) at 33-36 weeks gestation (GA) followed by a progressive decrease (P < 0.01, for all) from 37 onwards with a dip at term. Both S100B and LT were gender-dependent with significantly (P < 0.01, for all) higher levels in females in preterm and term groups. S100B (R = 0.68; P < 0.001) and LT (R = 0.40; P = 0.005) correlated with GA at sampling. A positive significant correlation (R = 0.87; P < 0.001) between S100B and LT was found.

Conclusions
The present data showing a correlation between S100B and LT supports the notion of a LT trophic role in the CNS. Further investigations in high-risk infants are needed to elucidate LT involvement in the pathophysiological cascade of events leading to CNS development and damage.
Plasmodium manipulates the expression of host long non-coding RNA during red blood cell intracellular infection
Authors: Chen Guang , Liu Shuang-chun , Fan Xiao-yan , Jin Yue-lei , Li Xin , Du Yun-ting 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Parasites interact with their host through “direct” and/or “indirect” mechanisms. Plasmodium, for example, either mediates direct physical interactions with host factors or triggers the immune system of the host indirectly, leading to changes in infectious outcomes. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in regulating biological processes, especially host–pathogen interactions. However, research on the role of host lncRNAs during Plasmodium infection is limited.

Methods
A RNA sequencing method (RNA-seq) was used to confirm the differential expression profiles of lncRNAs in Plasmodium yeolii 17XL (P.y17XL)-infected BALB/c mice. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to elucidate the potential functions of Plasmodium-induced genes. Subsequently, the effect of specific lncRNAs on the modulation of immune-related signaling pathways in malaria was determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
The data showed that in P.y17XL-infected BALB/c mice, Plasmodium upregulated the expression of 132 lncRNAs and downregulated the expression of 159 lncRNAs. Differentially expressed lncRNAs clearly associated with malaria infection were annotated, including four novel dominant lncRNAs: ENMSUSG00000111521.1, XLOC_038009, XLOC_058629 and XLOC_065676. GO and KEGG pathway analyses demonstrated that these four differentially expressed lncRNAs were associated with co-localized/co-expressed protein-coding genes that were totally enriched in malaria and with the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway. Using the models of P.y17XL-infected BALB/c mice, data certified that the level of TGF-β production and activation of TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway were obviously changed in malaria infection.

Conclusions
These differentially expressed immune-related genes were deemed to have a role in the process of Plasmodium infection in the host via dendritic/T regulatory cells and the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. The results of the present study confirmed that Plasmodium infection-induced lncRNA expression is a novel mechanism used by Plasmodium parasites to modify host immune signaling. These results further enhance current understanding of the interaction between Plasmodium and host cells.

Graphical Abstract
Infective endocarditis with Osler’s nodule in a patient with Osler’s disease: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Naruse Genki , Watanabe Takatomo , Okura Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, also known as Osler–Weber–Rendu disease, induces arteriovenous malformations in visceral organs. Arteriovenous malformations increase the risk of severe infections and are a common complication associated with hemorrhagic telangiectasia. However, cases of endocarditis associated with hemorrhagic telangiectasia are rarely reported. Although hemorrhagic telangiectasia causes erythematous macules on the extremities, these macules are usually painless. We encountered a rare case of infective endocarditis in a patient with Osler–Weber–Rendu disease.

Case presentation
A 52-year-old Japanese woman who was diagnosed with hemorrhagic telangiectasia 5 years prior presented to our hospital with fever and muscular pain. She had erythematous nodules and tenderness on the finger, heel, and toe, suggestive of Osler’s nodes. A physical examination revealed tachycardia with a 3/6 pansystolic murmur. A transesophageal echocardiogram showed vegetations along the atrial side of the mitral valve and mild mitral regurgitation because of prolapse of the anterior commissure. Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus was identified in the blood cultures. Detection of distinctive skin lesions, so-called Osler’s nodes, was the symptomatic key to early diagnosis, and the patient was treated without surgery. She was discharged with negative blood cultures after a 6-week intravenous antibiotic administration.

Conclusions
Our report highlights the importance of considering the risk of extracerebral infections including endocarditis in hemorrhagic telangiectasia. This rare case effectively demonstrates the importance of proper diagnosis of skin lesions.
Bariatric Surgery-induced High-density Lipoprotein Functionality Enhancement Is Associated With Reduced Inflammation
Authors: Adam Safwaan , Ho Jan H , Liu Yifen , Siahmansur Tarza , Siddals Kirk , Iqbal Zohaib , Azmi Shazli , Senapati Siba , New John , Jeziorska Maria , Ammori Basil J , Syed Akheel A , Donn Rachelle , Malik Rayaz A , Durrington Paul N , Soran Handrean 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Emerging evidence suggests an association between impaired high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality and cardiovascular disease (CVD). HDL is essential for reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and reduces inflammation and oxidative stress principally via paraoxonase-1 (PON1). RCT depends on HDL’s capacity to accept cholesterol (cholesterol efflux capacity [CEC]) and active transport through ATP-binding cassette (ABC) A1, G1, and scavenger receptor-B1 (SR-B1). We have studied the impact of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in morbidly obese subjects on RCT and HDL functionality.

Methods
Biomarkers associated with increased CVD risk including tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), myeloperoxidase mass (MPO), PON1 activity, and CEC in vitro were measured in 44 patients before and 6 and 12 months after RYGB. Overweight but otherwise healthy (mean body mass index [BMI] 28 kg/m2) subjects acted as controls. Twelve participants also underwent gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies before and 6 months after RYGB for targeted gene expression (ABCA1, ABCG1, SR-B1, TNF-α) and histological analysis (adipocyte size, macrophage density, TNF-α immunostaining).

Results
Significant (P &lt; 0.05) improvements in BMI, HDL-cholesterol, hsCRP, TNF-α, MPO mass, PON1 activity, and CEC in vitro were observed after RYGB. ABCG1 (fold-change, 2.24; P = 0.005) and ABCA1 gene expression increased significantly (fold-change, 1.34; P = 0.05). Gluteal fat adipocyte size (P &lt; 0.0001), macrophage density (P = 0.0067), and TNF-α immunostaining (P = 0.0425) were reduced after RYBG and ABCG1 expression correlated inversely with TNF-α immunostaining (r = -0.71; P = 0.03).

Conclusion
RYGB enhances HDL functionality in association with a reduction in adipose tissue and systemic inflammation.
Strengthening Diabetes Care in Humanitarian Crises in Low- and Middle-income Settings
Authors: Kehlenbrink Sylvia , Ansbro Éimhín , Besançon Stéphane , Hassan Saria , Roberts Bayard , Jobanputra Kiran 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Amid the growing global diabetes epidemic, the scale of forced displacement resulting from armed conflict and humanitarian crises is at record-high levels. More than 80% of the displaced population lives in lower- and middle-income countries, which also host 81% of the global population living with diabetes. Most crises are protracted, often lasting decades, and humanitarian aid organizations are providing long-term primary care to both the local and displaced populations. Humanitarian crises are extremely varied in nature and occur in contexts that are diverse and dynamic. The scope of providing diabetes care varies depending on the phase of the crisis. This paper describes key challenges and possible solutions to improving diabetes care in crisis settings. It focuses on (1) ensuring a reliable supply of life preserving medications and diagnostics, (2) restoring and maintaining access to health care, and (3) adapting service design to the context. These challenges are illustrated through case studies in Ukraine, Mali, the Central African Republic, and Jordan.
Serum Fetuin-A and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: An Observational Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Wu Ping , Wang Yi , Ye Yi , Yang Xue , Lu Qi , Yuan Jiaying , Zha Li , Liu Yan , Song Xingyue , Yan Shijiao , Wen Ying , Qi Xiaorong , Yang Chun-Xia , Wang Yixin , Liu Gang , Lv Chuanzhu , Pan Xiong-Fei , Pan An 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Context
Fetuin-A was reported to be associated with risk of type 2 diabetes, but its association with incident gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was less studied.

Objective
We aimed to examine the association between fetuin-A levels in early pregnancy and risk of incident GDM and to evaluate whether this association was causal.

Methods
A total of 332 pregnant women with GDM and 664 matched controls were included in this nested case-control study. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was applied to investigate the prospective association between serum fetuin-A in early pregnancy and subsequent risk of GDM. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to examine the causal association, using summary statistics from the CHARGE Consortium and the FinnGen consortium.

Results
The mean age of the participants was 28.0 years, and the mean gestational age was 11.0 weeks (range 6-15) at enrollment. In the final model, the odds ratio (OR) for GDM comparing the extreme quartiles of fetuin-A levels was 1.78 (95% CI 1.06, 2.98; P for trend = 0.009), and the restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a linear association (P for nonlinearity = 0.83). This positive association was found in women with waist circumference &lt;80 cm but not in those with waist circumference ≥80 cm (P for interaction = 0.04). However, MR analyses showed no evidence of a causal association with an OR of 0.91 (95% CI 0.67, 1.23) per unit increment of fetuin-A.

Conclusions
Serum fetuin-A levels in early pregnancy were positively associated with risk of GDM, particularly in those with normal waist circumference. However, we found no genetic evidence for a causal association.
Excess Growth Hormone Alters the Male Mouse Gut Microbiome in an Age-dependent Manner
Authors: Jensen Elizabeth A , Young Jonathan A , Jackson Zachary , Busken Joshua , Kuhn Jaycie , Onusko Maria , Carroll Ronan K , List Edward O , Brown J Mark , Kopchick John J , Murphy Erin R , Berryman Darlene E 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe gut microbiome has an important role in host development, metabolism, growth, and aging. Recent research points toward potential crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis. Our laboratory previously showed that GH excess and deficiency are associated with an altered gut microbial composition in adult mice. Yet, no study to date has examined the influence of GH on the gut microbiome over time. Our study thus tracked the effect of excess GH action on the longitudinal changes in the gut microbial profile (ie, abundance, diversity/maturity, predictive metabolic function, and short-chain fatty acid [SCFA] levels) of bovine GH (bGH) transgenic mice at age 3, 6, and 12 months compared to littermate controls in the context of metabolism, intestinal phenotype, and premature aging. The bGH mice displayed age-dependent changes in microbial abundance, richness, and evenness. Microbial maturity was significantly explained by genotype and age. Moreover, several bacteria (ie, Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae, Bifidobacterium, and Faecalibaculum), predictive metabolic pathways (such as SCFA, vitamin B12, folate, menaquinol, peptidoglycan, and heme B biosynthesis), and SCFA levels (acetate, butyrate, lactate, and propionate) were consistently altered across all 3 time points, differentiating the longitudinal bGH microbiome from controls. Of note, the bGH mice also had significantly impaired intestinal fat absorption with increased fecal output. Collectively, these findings suggest that excess GH alters the gut microbiome in an age-dependent manner with distinct longitudinal microbial and predicted metabolic pathway signatures.
ANÁLISE RECENTE DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA INTERNACIONAL SOBRE GESTÃO DO CONHECIMENTO: SCIENCEDIRECT – 2015 A 2019
Authors: Menezes Cassio Roberto Conceição de , De Santana José Ricardo 
Published: May 2022

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de mapear a produção científica internacional sobre o tema Gestão do Conhecimento, identificando os artigos publicados em periódicos de acesso aberto pertencentes a base de dados ScienceDirect, no período de 2015 a 2019. A metodologia proposta tem como base a revisão integrativa de literatura, facilitando a compreensão do fenômeno e corroborando para novas concepções teóricas. Os principais resultados indicam que a maioria dos estudos associam a gestão do conhecimento ao desempenho organizacional e a sua aplicabilidade encontra apoio em diversos setores da economia, como o setor industrial, de serviços, agrícola e setor público, permitindo o intercâmbio entre algumas áreas – Administração Geral, Gestão de Pessoas, Tecnologia da Informação, Empreendedorismo, Meio Ambiente, Teoria Organizacional e inovação. Por fim, o trabalho parece reconhecer que a formação de uma tríade constituída pela gestão do conhecimento, inovação e propriedade intelectual vem sendo pouco explorada na literatura pesquisada.
Analisis Faktor yang Berpengaruh terhadap Waktu Survival Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronis menggunakan Uji Asumsi Proportional Hazard
Authors: Hamid Assyifa Lala Pratiwi , Subanti Sri , Susanti Yuliana 
Published: May 2022

<p align="justify">Chronic kidney disease is a disease whose risk of death is always increasing. This disease was ranked as the 13th leading cause of death in Indonesia in 2017. One of the successful managements of chronic kidney disease can be seen from the possibility of survival of patients with chronic kidney disease. To identify the probability of survival of an object, survival analysis is used. One method of survival analysis that can be used to determine the survival time of patients with chronic kidney disease is Cox regression. Cox regression must satisfy the proportional hazard assumption, where the ratio of the two hazard values must be constant with time. The graphical method, namely the log-log graph, can be used to test the proportional hazard assumption, but the results are only used as a provisional estimate. In this study, the goodness of fit test was used to test the assumptions by calculating the correlation between the Schoenfeld residuals and the survival time rank. In conclusion, the variables of hypertension and haemodialysis frequency meet the proportional hazard assumption.</p><p align="justify"><strong>Keywords: </strong>chronic kidney disease; Cox regression; goodness of fit; log-log graph; proportional hazard assumption</p>
New Mathematical Properties of the Kumaraswamy Lindley Distribution
Authors: Mahommed Samy Abd Elmoez , Mohamed Salah M. 
Published: May 2022

<p align="justify">The Kumaraswamy Lindley distribution is a generalized distribution that has many applications in various fields, including physics, engineering, and chemistry. This paper introduces new mathematical properties for Kumaraswamy Lindley distribution such as probability weighted moments, moments of residual life, mean of residual life, reversed residual life, cumulative hazard rate function, and mean deviation. </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong><strong>: </strong>Kumaraswamy Lindley distribution; probability weighted moments; residual life; hazard rate; mean deviation</p>
Pemodelan Kasus Kronis Filariasis di Indonesia Tahun 2019 Menggunakan Geographically Weighted Negative Binomial Regression (GWNBR)
Authors: Sinurat Sri Rahayu Yogyana , Pasaribu Ernawati 
Published: May 2022

<p align="justify">Filariasis is a mosquito-borne disease caused by filarial worms. In Indonesia, filariasis is the third most common vector-borne and zoonotic disease in the community. Patients who in the chronic stage will fell pain due to swelling and infection in the limbs so that it can ruin the daily activities, reduce work productivity and cause economic losses for both sufferers and the country. In 2019, there were 28 filariasis endemic provinces and only 6 non-endemic provinces. This shows that the treatment of filariasis has not been fully successful. This study aims to determine the general description of chronic cases of filariasis, identify spatial heterogeneity and analyze factors that influence the number of chronic cases of filariasis using GWNBR. The modeling results five provinces groups based on significant variables. Variables that have a significant effect in all provinces are the ratio of health facilities of 100,000 population, the percentage of regions with PHBS policies and the average humidity. Meanwhile, the significant variables in several provinces are the percentage of slum households, the percentage of poor people and the average air temperature.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong><strong>: </strong>filariasis; <em>overdispersion</em><em>;</em><em> spatial heterogeneity</em><em>;</em><em> negative binomial</em>; GWNBR</p>