bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personalized Dosing of Infliximab in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Using a Bayesian Approach: A Next Step in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Authors: Desai Devendra C. , Dherai Alpa J. , Strik Anne , Mould Diane R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough biological agents have revolutionized the management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), a significant proportion of patients show primary non‐response or develop secondary loss of response. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is advocated to maintain the efficacy of biologic agents. Reactive TDM can rationalize the management of primary non‐response and secondary loss of response and has shown to be more cost‐effective compared with empiric dose escalation. Proactive TDM is shown to increase clinical remission and the durability of the response to a biologic agent. However, the efficacy of proactive and reactive TDM has been questioned in recent studies and meta‐analyses. Hence, we need a different approach to TDM, which addresses inflammatory burden, the individual patient, and disease factors. Bayesian approaches, which use population pharmacokinetic models, enable clinicians to make better use of TDM for dose adjustment. With rapid improvement in computer technology, these Bayesian model‐based software packages are now available for clinical use. Bayesian dashboard systems allow clinicians to apply model‐based dosing to understand an individual's pharmacokinetics and achieve a target serum drug concentration. The model is updated using previously measured drug concentrations and relevant patient factors, such as body weight, C‐reactive protein, and serum albumin concentration, to maintain effective drug concentrations in the serum. Initial studies have found utility for the Bayesian approach in induction and maintenance, in adult and pediatric patients, in clinical trials, and in real‐life situations for patients with IBD treated with infliximab. This needs confirmation in larger studies. This article reviews the Bayesian approach to therapeutic drug monitoring in IBD.
Central pancreatectomy prevents postoperative diabetes
Authors: Klotz Rosa , Schilling Constanze , Kuner Charlotte , Hinz Ulf , Klaiber Ulla , Holze Magdalena , Tjaden Christine , Loos Martin , Büchler Markus W. , Hackert Thilo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundCentral pancreatectomy (CP) can be performed as an alternative surgical approach to distal pancreatectomy (DP) in the treatment of benign or low‐grade malignant lesions located in the neck and body of the pancreas, aiming to reduce loss of parenchyma and therefore organ failure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the short‐ and long‐term outcome of CP in comparison to DP.MethodsPatients who received CP in a large tertiary care pancreatic surgery center between 2001 and 2020 were identified from a prospectively maintained database and compared via propensity score matching with patients receiving DP during the same time period. Perioperative rate of complications and long‐term outcome of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine function were evaluated.ResultsOne hundred and seven patients undergoing open CP were compared to 107 patients with open DP. No significant difference in rates or severity of most surgical complications could be found including postoperative pancreatic fistula, intraabdominal fluid collection, delayed gastric emptying and wound infection. However, patients receiving CP had a significantly higher risk of grade C postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH) (CP: 10 patients, 9.3% versus DP: 1 patient, 0.9%; p = .0019). Perioperative mortality was comparable. Long‐term follow‐up of 60 matched pairs revealed significantly less patients with new‐onset diabetes after CP (eight patients, 13.3%) compared to DP (22 patients, 36.7%, p = .0056).ConclusionCP offers an improved endocrine long‐term outcome at the expense of a higher risk of PPH without increased perioperative mortality. As evidence on this parenchyma sparing surgical technique is sparse, more prospective data are needed.
Early postoperative complications following tracheotomy: Does suturing technique influence outcomes?
Authors: Silva‐Nash Jennifer , Campbell Jessica B. , Gardner James Reed , Daigle Olivia , King Deanne , Moreno Mauricio , Vural Emre , Tulunay‐Ugur Ozlem E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionTracheotomy is one of the most commonly performed procedure by otolaryngologists, but no consensus exists on the effect of suturing techniques on postoperative complications. Stay sutures and Bjork flaps are utilized frequently for securing the tracheal incision to the neck skin in order to create a tract for recannulation.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of tracheotomies performed by Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery providers (May 2014 to August 2020) was conducted to determine the effect of suturing technique on postoperative complications and patient outcomes. Patient demographics, medical comorbidities, indication for tracheostomy, and postoperative complications were analyzed with a statistical alpha set of .05.ResultsOut of 1395 total tracheostomies performed at our institution during the study period, 518 met inclusion criteria for this study. Three hundred and seventeen tracheostomies were secured by utilizing a Bjork flap, while 201 were secured with up and down stay sutures. Neither technique was noted to be more commonly associated with tracheal bleeding, infection, mucus plugging, pneumothorax, or false passage of the tracheostomy tube. One mortality was noted following decannulation during the study period.ConclusionThough various techniques exist; adverse outcomes are not associated with the manner in which a new tracheostomy stoma is secured. Medical comorbidities and the indications for tracheostomy likely play a more significant role in postoperative outcomes and complications.Level of evidenceLevel 3.
Recent Advances on Mn2+‐Doping in Diverse Metal Halide Perovskites
Authors: Yun Rui , Yang Huanxin , Sun Wenda , Zhang Libing , Liu Xiaowang , Zhang Xiaodan , Li Xiyan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMn2+ dopants introduce a new emission center in semiconductor luminescent materials, endowing them promising photoluminescence (PL) properties, such as a wide color tuning range, reversible color change, reduced self‐absorption etc. Recently, rapid development of Mn2+ doped metal halide perovskites (MHPs) promote their promising applications in displays, photovoltaics, scintillators, etc. The emission color, luminous efficiency, and energy transfer pathway of doped perovskites are affected by condition of host lattice that accommodates Mn2+ ions. In this review, the optical properties determined by host materials with diverse geometries involving perovskite nanocrystals and perovskite derivatives is focused on, and the possible energy transfer routes in different doping systems are analyzed. An overview of recent advances of different doped systems with assigned emission channels together with the influence factors, strategies to enhance PL intensity and finally potential applications are summarized. To the end, the underlying challenges and possible solutions for further research in Mn doped perovskites are proposed.
Gelation Kinetics and Mechanical Properties of Thiol‐Tetrazole Methylsulfone Hydrogels Designed for Cell Encapsulation
Authors: de Miguel‐Jiménez Adrián , Ebeling Bastian , Paez Julieta I. , Fink‐Straube Claudia , Pearson Samuel , del Campo Aránzazu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHydrogel precursors that crosslink within minutes are essential for the development of cell encapsulation matrices and their implementation in automated systems. Such timescales allow sufficient mixing of cells and hydrogel precursors under low shear forces and the achievement of homogeneous networks and cell distributions in the 3D cell culture. The previous work showed that the thiol‐tetrazole methylsulfone (TzMS) reaction crosslinks star‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels within minutes at around physiological pH and can be accelerated or slowed down with small pH changes. The resulting hydrogels are cytocompatible and stable in cell culture conditions. Here, the gelation kinetics and mechanical properties of PEG‐based hydrogels formed by thiol‐TzMS crosslinking as a function of buffer, crosslinker structure and degree of TzMS functionality are reported. Crosslinkers of different architecture, length and chemical nature (PEG versus peptide) are tested, and degree of TzMS functionality is modified by inclusion of RGD cell‐adhesive ligand, all at concentration ranges typically used in cell culture. These studies corroborate that thiol/PEG‐4TzMS hydrogels show gelation times and stiffnesses that are suitable for 3D cell encapsulation and tunable through changes in hydrogel composition. The results of this study guide formulation of encapsulating hydrogels for manual and automated 3D cell culture.
Distribution of intra‐host variations and mutations in the genomes of SARS‐CoV‐2 and their implications on detection and therapeutics
Authors: Xiong Dongyan , Zhang Xiaoxu , Yu Junping , Wei Hongping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe ongoing circulation of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern (VOCs) has caused global concerns, because VOCs could escape current vaccines, antiviral drugs, and diagnosis. Analyzing mutations and intra‐host diversities in different and widespread VOCs can provide important insights to virus adaptive evolution and validity of vaccines, antiviral drugs, and diagnosis. In this study, by analyzing 1744 high‐throughput sequencing data for intra‐host single‐nucleotide variations (iSNVs) and 3,668,205 genome sequences for mutations in different VOCs, it was found that Omicron variant is still evolving at high speed, especially having high iSNVs frequency in its S and N genes. The efficacies of antibodies or detection primers targeting these two genes are at high risks to be invalid. Instead, highly conserved regions such as NSP8 gene could be better therapeutic and detection targets. Furthermore, mutations in later VOCs could be traced to the minor alleles in the previous variant samples such as Alpha and Delta in different countries. Finally, it was found that mutations C14408T in RdRp and A18163G in NSP14 gene might be associated with the higher genetic diversity in Omicron. Our findings not only contribute to understanding the adaptive evolution of SARS‐CoV‐2 VOCs, but also provide useful information for both drugs and diagnostic kits development.
The Relationship between PDQ‐8 and Costs in Parkinson's Disease—A Swedish Register‐Based Study
Authors: Kellerborg Klas , Norlin Jenny M. , Odin Per 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with substantial costs which increase with progression state. However, few studies have investigated the association between costs and health related quality of life.ObjectivesTo estimate the relationship between costs and health related quality of life, measured by the Parkinson's disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQ)‐8 from a societal perspective, partial societal perspective (excluding productivity loss), and a health care perspective.MethodsThe Swedish Parkinson's Disease registry was linked to health care data registries to estimate annual costs. A generalized linear model was used to assess the relationship between instrument items and costs.ResultsThe results suggest that PDQ‐8 captures the increase of costs by PD severity, particularly for costs within the broader societal perspective. From the best to worst PDQ‐8 quartile, we observed approximately 7‐fold increases within the societal perspective (39,400 to 274,300 SEK) and the partial societal perspective (31,800 to 219,400 SEK), and the increase within the health care perspective more than doubled (21,900 to 49,700 SEK). The PDQ‐8 dimensions “mobility,” “activities of daily living” and “social support” were associated with high costs in all perspectives.ConclusionUsing a disease‐specific measure reflecting the patient's perspective, we found an increase of costs with worsening severity of PD, particularly for costs within the broader societal perspective. High costs were associated with not only motor symptoms, but also the dimension “Social support.”
Comparison of TROPOMI NO2, CO, HCHO, and SO2 data against ground‐level measurements in close proximity to large anthropogenic emission sources in the example of Ukraine
Authors: Savenets Mykhailo , Dvoretska Iryna , Nadtochii Lyudmila , Zhemera Natalia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) significantly improved the quality of air pollution monitoring. The comparison against other data sources showed acceptable results and good correlation. However, highly polluted areas remain the reason for large uncertainties. In our study, we compared TROPOMI NO2, CO, HCHO, and SO2 data against ground‐level measurements from Ukrainian monitoring sites, which could be considered rather unusual due to their close location to large anthropogenic emission sources. These sites were established in the former USSR to reflect the maximal air pollution levels. TROPOMI detected all cities with huge anthropogenic emissions in 2019–2020 and qualitatively reflected air pollution in Ukraine. However, direct comparison against individual monitoring sites showed mainly insignificant correlation, which was not much improved with cloudiness filtering, spatial averaging, and considering boundary layer height. We show that on an hour‐to‐daily scale, differences appear when remote sensing at a particular time cannot catch the elevated pollution levels in the boundary layer after air mass transportation. On a seasonal scale, the correlation decreases because of the differences in seasonality between near‐surface and column pollutants' content. We discuss that the relationship between TROPOMI and ground‐level measurements depends on the season, the continuance of industrial emissions, and the features of individual emission sources.
A novel X‐Ray and γ‐Ray combination strategy for potential dose escalation in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: Liu Xia , Tao Yinjie , Yang Bo , Pang Tingtian , Yu Lang , Li Wenbo , Feng Siqi , Liu Renqing , Li Jinsheng , Liu Zhikai , Qiu Jie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) has long been calling for advances in technology of radiotherapy. Patients who received radiotherapy still had high risks of local recurrence, while suffering from gastrointestinal side effects. Based on the inherent characteristics of the x‐ray and γ‐Ray radiation techniques, here we proposed and investigated an unexplored radiation therapy.PurposeTo investigate the potential clinical benefit of a novel x‐ray and γ‐Ray combination radiation technique in patients with LAPC.MethodsRetrospective intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) treatment plans of 10 LAPC patients were randomly selected to compare with dual‐modality plans. The prescribed dose to PGTV was 60.2 Gy. The PGTV dose was further escalated in dual‐modality plan while maintaining clinically tolerable dose to organs at risk (OARs). Dosimetric comparisons were made and analyzed for three treatment plans (tomotherapy, standard dual‐modality plan, escalated dual‐modality plan) to assess the ability to increase dose to target volume while minimizing dose in adjacent OARs. Finally, radiobiological models were utilized for comparison.ResultsAll strategies resulted in dosimetrically acceptable plans. Dual‐modality plans were present with similar conformity index (CI) and significantly lower gradient index (GI) compared with tomotherapy (3.64 ± 0.37 vs. 4.14 ± 0.61, p = 0.002; 3.64 ± 0.42 vs. 4.14 ± 0.61, p = 0.003). Dmean of PGTV (65.46 ± 3.13 vs. 61.56 ± 1.00, p = 0.009; 77.98 ± 5.86 vs. 61.56 ± 1.00, p < 0.001) and PCTV (55.04 ± 2.14 vs. 53.93 ± 1.67, p = 0.016; 58.24 ± 3.24 vs. 53.93 ± 1.67, p = 0.001) were significantly higher, while Dmean of the stomach was reduced in both dual‐modality plans (17.98 ± 10.23 vs. 19.34 ± 9.75, p = 0.024; 17.62 ± 9.92 vs. 19.34 ± 9.75, p = 0.040). The lower V30Gy in the liver (4.83 ± 5.87 vs. 6.23 ± 6.68, p = 0.015; 4.90 ± 5.93 vs. 6.23 ± 6.68, p = 0.016) and lower V45Gy of the small intestine (3.35 ± 3.30 vs. 4.06 ± 3.87, p = 0.052) were found in dual‐modality plans. Meanwhile, radiobiological models demonstrated higher probability of tumor control (29.27% ± 9.61% vs. 18.34% ± 4.70%, p < 0.001; 44.67% ± 18.16% vs. 18.34% ± 4.70%, p = 0.001) and lower probability of small intestine complication (2.16% ± 2.30% vs. 1.25% ± 2.72%, p = 0.048) in favor of dual‐modality strategy.ConclusionsA novel dual‐modality strategy of x‐ray and γ‐Ray combination radiation appears reliable for target dose escalation and normal tissue dose reduction. This strategy might be beneficial for local tumor control and the protection of normal organs in patients with LAPC.
Postnatal developmental expression and localization of apelin and apelin receptor protein in the ovary and uterus of mice
Authors: Anima Borgohain , Guruswami Gurusubramanian , Roy Vikas K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPostnatal ovarian and uterine development is crucial to accomplished female fertility. Thus, the investigations of factors that present in pre‐pubertal stages are important as it might be responsible for the regulation of ovarian and uterine function. Apelin, an adipokine and its receptor (APJ) are present in female reproductive organs. However, no study has reported its postnatal expression in uterus and ovary. Thus, we investigated the postnatal developmental changes in expression and localization of apelin and APJ in the ovary and uterus of mice. Postnatal ovary and uterus were collected from postnatal day (PND) 1, 7, 14, 21, 42, 65 and performed western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Uterine APJ is elevated in PND14 and PND65, whereas, ovarian APJ elevated in PND7, PND14, and PND65. Apelin expression in both ovary and uterus showed intense staining at PND65 and PND14. Our results showed that apelin and APJ abundance was lower at PND21 in uterus and ovary. In conclusion, apelin and APJ are developmentally regulated in the ovary and uterus, and its localization in the different compartments of ovary and uterus suggest its distribution specific physiological role in the uterus and ovary.
A coupled DEM‐IMB‐LBM model for simulating methane hydrate exploitation involving particle dissolution
Authors: Xia Ming , Gong Fengqiang , Feng Song , Yu Jin , Feng Yuntian , Wang Min 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe coupled discrete element and lattice Boltzmann method using an immersed moving boundary scheme was extended to simulate methane hydrate exploitation involving mass transport and particle dissolution. In this coupled DEM‐IMB‐LBM model, a new Dirichlet‐type thermal boundary condition is extended to simulate moving curved boundaries with constant concentration. A novel periodic boundary including an efficient searching algorithm for particle contact is proposed to reduce the computational cost and boundary effect. Then this model is validated by two numerical examples: a circular particle with concentration convection‐diffusion moving in a horizontal channel and mass transport from a cylinder particle in a simple shear flow. The numerical results obtained from the proposed model agree well with previous studies. To further demonstrate the capacity of the proposed model, simulations of methane hydrate exploitation including two formations in marine sediments are carried out. The numerical results indicate that the coupled DEM‐IMB‐LBM is not only capable of simulating the dissolution of hydrate particles at the grain level, but also recover the sand erosion and migration process in a fundamental perspective during the methane hydrate exploitation process.
On the optimal harvesting strategy for a generalized population model
Authors: Khlopin Dmitry , Gromov Dmitry 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe consider a harvesting problem in which the dynamics of the renewable resource is described by a generalized population model, which requires only a very basic knowledge about the evolution of the resource and the governing equations. We assume that the catch is bilinear in both the control and the stock of the resource, and solve an undiscounted infinite horizon optimal control problem, where the profit functional is assumed to be linear in the catch. We further suggest a discrete scheme that—in addition to being easily implementable—closely approximates the computed optimal control, and illustrate the effect of the proposed discrete scheme with a numerical example.
Solid‐state NMR characterization of multi‐component intumescent flame retardant polybutylene succinate formulations
Authors: Xiao Fei , Fontaine Gaëlle , Li Kaiyuan , Bourbigot Serge 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this work, a series of multi‐component intumescent PBS formulations were elaborated by the combination of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system (consisting of ethylenediamine phosphate and melamine poly(aluminum phosphate), 7:3, wt:wt) and synergists. Three boron/zinc‐containing compounds (i.e., melamine borate, zinc oxide, zinc carbonate) were examined as potential synergists to improve the fire behavior and fire retardancy of PBS. The MLC results showed that the incorporation of all of these compounds enhanced the fire retardancy of PBS to some extent. Among them, zinc oxide exhibited the best fire retardant performances in terms of reduction of the peak heat release rate (pHRR, −61%), fire growth rate index (FIGRA, −19%), maximum average rate of heat emission (MARHE, −55%), and increase of the time to pHRR (+370 s) and to flameout (+650 s) as compared to PBS/IFR10%. Furthermore, the effect of zinc oxide loading on the fire retardancy of PBS was also investigated, the results showed that 2 wt.% loading exhibited the best performances. Solid‐state NMR characterization indicated that the presence of ZnO resulted in the formation of a crack‐free and dense intumescent char layer reinforced by complex aluminum‐zinc‐phosphates glassy species. The intumescent char layer provided a protective physical barrier with improved flexibility and cohesion, which effectively limits the heat and mass transfer between condensed and gas phases and hence, improving the fire retardancy of PBS.