bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Levamisole/Famphur Oral Paste Administered to Beef Cattle for Lice Control, 1985
Authors: Lloyd J. E. , Kumar R. , Watson D. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental steers were of mixed breeds and originated in eastern, WY. They were housed in separate pens in groups of 7 animals each at Torrington, WY. The cattle were naturally infested with the cattle biting louse, Bovicola bovis, and the longnosed cattle louse, Linognathus vituli. Lice density was estimated by observing and recording the number of each species at sample sites in the area of the poll, head, shoulder, and topline. One, 15-cm sample site was located across the occipital area directly behind the poll. The equivalent, of 3, 15-cm sample sites were located on each of the remaining body areas. Sample sites on the head were 1, 15-cm hairpart on either side of the face from the corner of the mouth toward the base of the ear and 2,7.5-cm hairparts on either side of the muzzle.
Apple, Residual Enhancement Test of Soybean Oil, 1985
Authors: Howitt Angus J. , Hays Alan R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to a completely randomized block. Each treatment consisted of single trees replicated 4 times. Sprays were applied in 74 gal of finished spray per acre by a Bean orchard sprayer. Evaluations were made by examining 100 apples per replication for injury and categorizing injuries by their respective pest. Sprays were applied as follows: Materials on ca. 2-wk interval were applied 25 Apr at pink (P), 9 May at petal fall (PF), 21 May, 1 Jun, 12 Jun, 25 Jun, 8 Jul, 22 Jul, 8 Aug, 26 Aug, 9 Sep, 23 Sep. The ca. 7-day Methomyl was sprayed 25 Apr at pink (P), 10 May at petal fall (PF), 20 May, 29 May, 5 Jun, 12 Jun, 18 Jun, 25 Jun, 2 Jul, 12 Jul, 21 Jul, 29 Jul, 8 Aug, 19 Aug, 26 Aug, 5 Sep, 12 Sep, 17 Sep.
Evaluation of Cygro as a Feed Additive for Control of Northern Fowl Mites, 1985
Authors: DeVaney J. A. , Ivie G. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seventy-two 61-wk-old hens which had been infested with northern fowl mites for 17 wk were divided into 3 groups of 24 hens. Each group was then placed into individual cages and fed standard diets calculated to contain either 0 (control), 5 or 7 ppm of Cygro (American Cyanamid’s CL-259,971) for 21 consecutive days. Individual hen body weight and mite ratings were obtained prior to starting the test and at weekly intervals thereafter. Feed consumption and % hen day egg production were obtained at 7, 14, and 21 days posttreatment. Mite ratings were visually observed and recorded using the following rating: 0—no mites; 1—very light (1-10 mites/hen); 2—light (11-100 mites/hen); 3—moderate (101-1000) mites/hen); 4—heavy (1001-10000 mites/hen); and 5—extra heavy (&gt;10000 mites/hen).
Evaluation of Thuringiensin as a Feed-Through Treatment for the Control of the House Fly, 1985
Authors: Stafford K. C. , Burg J. G. , Collison C. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Forty White Leghorn hens were caged individually in a 7.3 × 7.3 m shelter at the University Poultry Research Farm. The shelter contained 2 banks of single deck, double row cages (46 × 46 × 30 cm) separated by a 2.3-m aisle with 20 cages/bank. Five treatments: 0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 ppm (AI) Thuringiensin or Larvadex (0.3% premix at 1.5 ppm as a standard) were randomly assigned to each hen (8 hens/treatment). The study was initiated 10 Aug and the hens were given treated feed ad libitum for 52 days. An untreated feed ration for all hens was resumed 1 Oct for 22 days posttreatment. Manure samples from each hen were collected every other day during treatment and posttreatment periods, pooled by treatment and frozen for at least 24 h to kill any resident house fly larvae and macrochelid mites. Pretreatment means were based on samples taken 12, 10, and 1 day prior to initiation of the feeding trial. Ten g of manure was placed in 29.6-ml clear plastic portion cups, with 3 cups/treatment. Ten newly emerged house fly larvae were added to each cup and held at room temp for adult emergence. Feed consumption, weight gain and egg production were recorded for 3.5, 8, and 33 wk, respectively, prior to the initiation of the feeding trial, during treatment and at least 22 days posttreatment.
Comparison of Flysect Concentrate, Farnum’s Repel × and Repel × Original Formula Against Flies on Horses, 1985
Authors: Knapp Fred W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Flysect concentrate containing 0.5% pyrethrin, 1% permethrin, 1.85% PBO and 5.6% of MGK, 11, 264, and 326 was compared to Repel × containing 0.4% pyrethrin, 1% PB, 40% pine oil and 30% kerosene and Repel × original containing 0.4% pyrethrin, 1% PB, 40% pine oil, 50% butoxypoly propylene glycol and 3.6% petroleum hydrocarbon for efficacy against the face fly, stable fly and horn fly on horses. Wipes were diluted 4:1 with water and applied at 4 oz per horse. Untreated horses in the same vicinity were used as controls. Face flies were counted on the faces of each horse, whereas stable flies were counted on the legs of each horse in the treatment. All fly counts were done at —1 day, day of application and at 1, 3, 6, 9 h and 1, 2, 3, and 4 days postapplication. The first 2 preapplication counts were averaged and reported as 0 h count. Each face fly and stable fly treatment was replicated 4 times and the data averaged. One horn fly control test on 3 treated horses and 2 control horses was conducted.
Codling Moth Control, First Generation, 1984
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several insecticides were evaluated for their ability to control codling moth in an orchard located at the Tree Fruit Research Center, Wenatchee. Trees used in this test were ca 20 yrs old, spur-type Red Delicious on semi-dwarfing rootstock. The orchard was irrigated by over-tree sprinklers 3 times during the test period. Four single-tree replicates per treatment in a randomized complete block design were used in this test. Treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 400 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gal per acre. Because the native codling moth population in the test block was known to be low, codling moth adults from the USDA laboratory colony in Yakima were released uniformly throughout the block each week beginning 7 May until 26 Jun. Numbers released roughly mimicked pheromone trap catch patterns for codling moth in the Wenatchee area. First application of Dimilin, CME-13406 and Fenoxycarb was made 100 degree days (22 May) after first moth release, the second application was 21 days later on 12 Jun. First application of remaining treatments was made 250 degree days (12 Jun) after first moth release, the second application was 21 days later on 2 Jul. Treatments were evaluated by examining fruit on each tree in a 3-minute period and counting stings (shallow entries) and deep entries. Aphid evaluation consisted of rating 25 growing terminals per plot for as follows: 1 = no aphids; 2 = light (1-3 leaves with a few, 1-25 aphids, present); 3 = moderate (2-4 leaves with several, 25-50, aphids present); 4 = heavy (&gt;4 leaves with many, 50+, aphids present). Data are presented as the average for each treatment. Mite samples were collected on 25 Jul, 21 Aug and 14 Sep. Twenty-five leaves were collected from each replicate tree, brushed in the laboratory and mites counted under a microscope. Data are presented as the average mites per leaf for the 3 samples.
Apple, Dimilin Evaluation Using Tree Row Volume, 1985
Authors: Hull L. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to replicated (4 times) 0.15-acre plots in a randomized block design. Each plot contained alternating Golden Delicious and York Imperial trees. All treatments were applied as complete sprays with a Myers Mity Mist airblast sprayer calibrated at 50 gpa, driven at 2 mph. Tree canopy volume was 261,360 ft3/acre. Rates of pesticides/acre were based on the tree row volume formula of Byers and Lyons (1984), where trees were treated with 46% of the recommended rate using a 400 gpa standard. Dilute rate for these trees was 183 gpa. Dates of application for complete sprays were: 7 and 26 Jun, 31 Jul and 20 Aug. During the season, general maintenance sprays of fungicides (Bayleton, Benlate, Captan, Dithane M-45 and Zineb) were applied with a Friend Airmaster sprayer calibrated at 50 gpa and driven at 2.3 mph. The effect of treatments on STLM was evaluated by sampling 10 terminals/tree on each of 2 trees/replicate (York Imperial). ERM and TSSM were evaluated by counting mites from samples of 20 leaves/tree, 80 leaves/treatment (York Imperial). The predator S. punctum was observed by 3-minute counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of the test trees. Effectiveness of treatments on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury 100 apples from each York Imperial and Golden Delicious tree/replicate at harvest. Pest pressure was moderate throughout the season.
Persimmon, Psyllid Control Trial, 1985
Authors: Pfeiffer D. , Semtner P. , Stiles H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two insecticides were tested against PP in a small Oriental persimmon block at Southern Piedmont Research and Continuing Education Center (Blackstone). Four, single-tree replicates were used in a randomized complete block design. The spray date was 21 Jun which was at the beginning of the second generation of PP. The application was made using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with one X-18 hollow-cone nozzle at 60 psi. Five hundred ml of spray were applied to each tree. Psyllid populations were assessed on 26 jun. Adults were counted on 3 terminal shoots per tree (the section of shoot included in the 5 apical leaves). Eggs and nymphs on 3 leaves per tree were counted under a binocular microscope.
Control of Geometrid Larvae on Cranberry, 1985
Authors: Brodel Charles F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted on a 45-year-old section of State Bog in East Wareham, MA. Five treatments were replicated 4 times in randomized blocks composed of 5 × 5-ft plots separated by 2-ft pathways. Applications were made on 9 Jul at 95% bloom using a 2-gal, polyethylene compressed air sprayer. All treatments were diluted to the rate of 400 gal of water per acre to approximate conditions achieved commercially with overhead sprinkler systems. After the foliage dried, randomly selected vine uprights in each plot were pruned, placed in plastic bags in a cooler, and brought to the laboratory. Twenty undamaged uprights per plot were inserted into moistened sand within 2, ventilated, 8-oz styrofoam cups. There were ca. 30 blossoms and berries per cup. Fourteen h posttreatment, 10 field-collected larvae ranging in length from 0.125 to 0.75 in were introduced into each pair of cups. Cups were held at 21°C, 80-90% RH, and 15 h light. After 3.5 days of exposure, cups were inspected for dead larvae. Analysis of variance for unequal sample sizes was used because a replicate mean for Larvin at 0.5 lb was spurious.
Control of Naval Orangeworm on Almonds, 1984
Authors: Sanderson J. P. , Barnes M. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted in an 11-year-old commercial almond orchard near Shaffer, CA. Eight treatments were replicated 7 times in a randomized complete block design. Each replicate consisted of a single tree. Treatments were applied at tree-top hullsplit initiation on 2 Jul ’84 with a hand gun which delivers a fine spray at 400-450 psi. The trees were sprayed to runoff at an application rate of ca 800 gal/acre. At harvest (30 Aug ’84) all nuts were shaken from each tree. Samples of 300 nuts per tree were then collected and examined in the lab for navel orangeworm damage. Data are reported as the avg % damaged nuts found in a sample.
Control of Citrus Flat Mites on Lemons, 1984
Authors: Byrne D. N. , Wild D. J. , Butler M. D. , Draeger E. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A pesticide efficacy trial was conducted at the University of Arizona Mesa Experiment Station in Yuma, Arizona, to evaluate the ability of various miticides to control the citrus flat mite, Brevipalpus lewisi McGregor, on lemons. Citrus limon (L). Burm .f. ‘Lisbon’. Experimental materials were compared with untreated control plots and Kelthane 1.6EC. A completely random design was used with 3 different trees receiving each treatment. Mite counts were made by examining 10 lemons in the laboratory from each tree and recording the total number of citrus flat mites from each fruit. For statistical analysis each fruit was considered a replicate. The large number of replicates compensated for the nonrandom distribution of the mite population. On the day of the test, the temperatures ranged from 25 to 41°C. Wind speed averaged 3.21 kph. Test materials were applied with a handgun from a John Bean Sprayer operating at 300 psi and a rate of 100 gal per acre (one treatment involving Vendex 4 L was diluted to 500 gal per acre).
Apple Pandemis Control, Summer Generation Larvae, 1984
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted in an apple orchard located at the Tree Fruit Research Center. Apple trees were approximately 20 yr old, spur type Red Delicious on a semi-dwarfing rootstock. Trees were irrigated with an overtree sprinkler system. Treatments were applied to 4 individual tree replicates in a completely randomized design. Treatments were applied on 2 Aug with a handgun at 400 psi to the point of drip simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gal per acre. At time of treatment larvae ranged from 2nd to 5th instar. Evaluation of treatments was made on 16 Aug by counting live larvae per tree in a 10-minute search.
Laboratory Evaluation of Acaricides (I) for Control of Tetranychus Vrticae, 1987
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Grant Robert R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six treatments were tested for relatn e efficacy against twospotted spider mite in cotton planted 8 May at the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Miss Leaves were collected from several fields wherever they could be located. Mites were counted and the data were sorted via computer so that leaves could be arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications of relatively equal numbers/treatment/replication. Treatments were applied to the abaxial surface of the leaves in a laboratory spray chamber calibrated for 11.5 gal/acre at 1.3 mph using a single TX-3 nozzle. The untreated check was sprayed with water. Applications were made on 15 Sep. All plots from which leaves were obtained had received insecticide treatments for nontarget pests as needed : during the season. Eggs and mites were counted on 3 locations/leaf via dissection microscope (by each lobe and by the nectary).
Evaluation of Insecticides for Early-Season Thrips Control in Mississippi, 1987
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Grant Robert R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thirteen treatments were tested for relative efficacy against thrips in irrigated cotton planted 8 May at the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Miss. Plots were 8 rows (38-inch centers) × 50 ft and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied to the center 4 rows by high-clearance spray tractor equipped with compressed-air plot spray system calibrated for 4.4 gal/acre at 4 mph using 1 flat-fan (8002e) nozzle/row (19-inch band). Applications were made on 23 and 29 May. Another applications (2 × rate) was applied 5 Jun. All plots received insecticide treatments for nontarget pests as needed during the season. Whole plants were clipped and placed in a pint jar and brought back to the lab for further washing. The thrips were then counted under a microscope after filtration onto filter paper. All data were collected from the 2 center rows.
Insecticides for Suppression of Early-Season Cotton Insect Pests in the Texas Blacklands, 1987
Authors: Robinson John R. C. , Teetes George L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton was planted 16 Apr on 38-inch row spacings. Five insecticide treatments, 2 partially treated check treatments, and a completely untreated check treatment were compared in a randomized block design with 4 replications. Plots were 10 rows wide × 75 ft long, but only the middle 4 rows were sprayed. Applications were made with a high-clearance, self-propelled ground sprayer using TX-8 hollow cone nozzles calibrated to deliver 8.6 gal/acre. Insecticide treatments (including applications of Bidrin to the fleahopper check plot) were applied 29 Apr and 6 May for thrips and aphid control when cotton was in the seedling stage. Thrips and aphid densities were measured on 4 Apr and 5 and 12 May by examining 15 randomly selected cotton seedlings from each plot. The individual cotton seedlings were picked whole, quickly immersed, and shaken in pint jars of 70% ethanol. The sample jars were taken to the laboratory and numbers of thrips and aphids were counted under a dissecting microscope. Estimates of thrips damage to cotton seedlings were made 12 May when most plants were in the 5th true leaf stage. Ten randomly selected cotton plants were subjectively rated on a scale of 1-4: 1, no visible damage; 2, light damage; 3, moderate damage 4, heavy damage (e.g., terminal destroyed). An additional application of insecticide treatments (including Bidrin for the thrips-aphids check plot) was made 22 May for cotton fleahopper. Fleahopper adult and nymph densities were determined 22 May and 8 Jun from 30 randomly selected plant terminals in each plot using a combination beat bucket/visual inspection method. Cotton fruiting rates were monitored over a 5-week period by taking daily counts (Monday- Friday) of white blooms within a designated 20-ft section of row in each plot. Yield data were collected in a stratified harvest from 2 pickings of cotton from the same 20-ft row section used for counting white blooms. All data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Effect of Selected Insecticide Treatments in Early Season on Plant Bugs, Beneficial Arthropods, and Yield in Cotton, 1986
Authors: Snodgrass G. L. , Scott W. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A test was conducted in western Sunflower County, Miss., to determine how selected insecticides applied in June and early in July affected plant bug (tarnished plant bug and cotton fleahopper) and beneficial arthropod populations in cotton. 'DES 422' cotton was planted on 24 Apr in 40- inch rows. Plots were 32 rows × 200 ft replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied with a high-clearance sprayer delivering 6 gal/acre with 2 nozzels/row. Treatments were applied on 13, 18, and 24 Jun and on 8 Jul. Temik + Terraclor Super-X at 0.5 + 0.25 + 1.0 lb Al/acre, respectively, was applied in the seed furrow at planting to all treatments. Temik was not applied to the untreated check. Plant bug and beneficial arthropod populations were determined weekly by using a D-vac suction machine on 40 ft of row per replication. Beneficial arthropod populations consisted of Ceocoris spp., Nabis spp., Orius spp., and various species of spiders and lady beetles. Boll counts were taken weekly on 10 ft of row at 4 locations/ replication. Yield data were collected by hand-harvesting cotton from 3 ft of row in 6 random areas/replication when at least 90% of the bolls were open. Yield was converted to lb seed cotton/acre.
Tarnished Plant Bug Mortality, 1987
Authors: Wells Dale , Griffin J. R. , Tugwell N. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A small-plot test was conducted at the Cotton Branch Experiment Station, Marianna, Ark. The plots were 1 row × 66 ft and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Insecticides were applied with a Spirit high-clearance sprayer at volumes that varied among treatments. Prior to treatments, 3 organdy sleeve cages, 9 inches diam × 22 inches long, were secured to individual plants in each plot by tying the lower end of each cage around the plant 1 ft from the terminal with a twist-tie. The cages were then rolled down to the tie and covered with aluminum foil. Immediately following each treatment the foil was removed and the cage was unrolled and extended upward; 5 tarnished plant bugs (adults or nymphs) were released into each cage and the tops were closed. To determine the residual efficacy of each treatment, 3 additional cages/plot were similarly infested at intervals of 24, 48, and 72 h. In every instance, insects were exposed to treatments for 72 h. The plants were then cut and cage contents examined in the lab for both dead and living bugs. Percent mortality was converted to arcsin for analysis of variance.
Twospotted Spider Mite Control on Peanuts, North Carolina, 1987
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Hertl P. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Efficacy and phytotoxicity of 2 miticides were evaluated on the Bill Monds farm near Tyner in northern Chowan County. Peanuts were grown under standard production practices in sandy soil. The field was selected because of a naturally occurring, uniformly distributed population of mites. Plants were showing signs of stress both from spider mite feeding and from drought. Plots 2 rows wide (36-inch centers) × 20 ft long were arranged in a randomized complete block design with an untreated check in each of the 4 replicates. Treatments were applied using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer delivering 30 gal/acre at 40 psi using 8002 flat-fan nozzles. The 1st treatments were applied on 23 Jul under sunny and hot (100°F) conditions. All border areas were treated with Comite to reduce edge reinfestation. A 0.5-inch rainfall occurred on 26 Jul. The plots were retreated 28 Jul under sunny skies with temperatures at 87°F. Mites were sampled by randomly selecting 25 leaflets/plot. Leaflets were placed in plastic bags and kept cool until processed with a mite-brushing machine. Samples were taken at 7 days (4 Aug), 9 days (6 Aug), 14 days (11 Aug), 21 days (18 Aug), and 28 days (25 Aug). All data were transformed × + 0.5 prior to analysis. Plots were visually examined for evidence of phytotoxicity.
Control of Sorghum Midge with Insecticides Applied on a 5-Day Interval, 1987
Authors: Cartwright B. , Royer T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The efficacy of 3 insecticides for the control of sorghum midge was determined in a test conducted on 'Funks G-1602' grain sorghum planted 14 Apr at the Texas A&M University Hoblitzelle Farms near Mercedes, Tex., on a Hidalgo clay loam soil. Applications of each insecticide treatment were made on 22 and 27 Jun to 15-ft × 2-row (0.002- acre) plots arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Each insecticide was applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gal/acre using 1 nozzle/row. Cottonseed oil (Valoil) was added to one of the Lorsban 4E treatments to determine whether efficacy improved with oil. For this treatment, the Lorsban and oil were mixed before water was added. Efficacy of each treatment was determined by collecting 3 panicles/plot 10 days after the final application and allowing midge to emerge. Panicles were held in cartons adapted to allow midge to emerge into vials and midge emergence was checked daily. Yields were determined by hand harvesting and machine threshing 0.05/acre/plot. Data were subjected to analyses of variance, and an LSD test was used for mean separation. Midge populations ranged between 10 and 25 adults/panicle during the blooming period.