bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A morphometric approach and recircumscription of the Stachytarpheta longispicata complex (Verbenaceae)
Authors: Cardoso Pedro Henrique , Menini Neto Luiz , Somavilla Nádia Silvia , Trovó Marcelo 
Published: July 2022

The Stachytarpheta longispicata complex is a group of seven accepted infraspecific taxa endemic to the Brazilian Cerrado, defined by its pedicellate flowers with salmon or dark red corollas. Due to the great morphological variation and very brief original descriptions, these taxa have controversial circumscriptions. We evaluated the morphological variation through the morphometric analysis of 11 natural populations in addition to nomenclatural types to assess the current infraspecific circumscriptions and clarify the limits of these taxa. A set of 36 continuous vegetative and reproductive characters was measured for each of the 115 specimens sampled, encompassing the morphological variability in the group and its geographic distribution. A compiled data matrix formed the basis for the multivariate analysis (UPGMA, PCA, and DA). Our results recovered five consistent groups corresponding to the four subspecies, and all three recognised varieties treated in the same morphological group. Quantitative and qualitative characters not previously studied in detail are important to delimit the five groups. A taxonomic rearrangement is proposed for the complex, circumscribing five distinct species: Stachytarpheta brevibracteata, S. longipedicellata, S. longispicata, S. minasensis, and S. ratteri. The taxonomic treatment includes four new combinations and names at new rank, two new synonyms, and one lectotype. Descriptions, an identification key, geographical distribution map, illustrations, and provisional conservation assessments are also provided.
Communicating Environment in Literature: Designed Class Session Guides Streamlining Literary Greenness
Authors: N. Romero Brenfred 
Published: July 2022

This study determined the literariness of the film, The Lorax, presented in environment−related sequences with the aid of cinematic elements; the environmental laws and principles violated by the film’s characters based on the issues they caused; the environmental value positions based on the characters’ belief statements; and the research participants’ modes of actions, reflective of their environmental ethics; which were the bases of the researcher in the designing of session guides, showing the greenness of literature and in consolidating inputs for curricular revision. This study gave its lenses on the concepts in teaching literature reflected and shown in selected sequences in the film; pointed out environmental laws and UNCHE principles violated by “The Lorax” characters based on the environmental issues presented in the students’ concepts; identified environmental value positions based on the belief statements of the characters as recalled by the researcher and the research participants; elicited modes of citizen actions as suggested by the research participants, wherefrom the Environmental Ethics for Filipinos of the latter were determined; designed session guides in English Seven (7) showing greenness of literature through “The Lorax”; and devised inputs for curricular revision. The research participants indicated modes of citizen actions which revolve around ecomanagement, consumer action, persuasion, and political; wherefrom their ethical standards were based. These results enabled the researcher to design session guides showing greenness of literature.
Drug Utilization Evaluation in COVID- 19 Hospitalized Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ramanath K. V. , Venugopal Sharvari , Shadakshari A. , Pradhan Nimesh Kumar , Abinavi B. , Kaur Harsharan , Jacob Leeba 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Corona disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an airborne viral infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mutant. Transmission can occur if splashed or sprayed with contaminated fluids in the eyes, nose, or mouth, and, rarely, via contaminated surfaces. Symptoms are slightly variable with the mutants, and the general is fever, cough, headache, fatigue, breathing difficulties, and loss of smell and taste. The co-morbid diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and chronic respiratory disease & the elderly are more likely to develop severe illnesses. The standard diagnostic method and treatment pattern varies from hospital to hospital, provokes to carry out this project.
Objectives: To assess the drug treatment pattern, antibiotic usage patterns, and cost, determine the antiviral usage pattern and its price. Estimate anti–interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody (Tocilizumab) usage and cost.
Methodology: A retrospective observational study was conducted in Sagar Hospitals, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bangalore, for six months after obtaining ethical clearance using a well-designed questionnaire.
Results and Discussion: 155 Cases were collected from the medical records department. The most widely used antibiotic was Ceftriaxone, 60.6%, a cell wall synthesis inhibitor, followed by Azithromycin, 59.4%, a protein synthesis inhibitor. The most widely used antiviral was Oseltamivir in 51.6%, Remdesivir in 41.3% of patients, and Favipiravir in 12.3%. Other co-morbid drugs are corticosteroids, immunomodulators, mucolytics, antihistamines, blood thinners, and anti-helminthes. The mean cost of the antibiotics and antiviral are 224 ± 295.73; 1623.28 ± 2047.45.
Conclusion: This study showed that in the management of COVID 19, ICMR Guidelines were adopted. The cost of the drugs also played a significant role in selecting treatment regimens, especially antibiotics, antiviral, and immunomodulators. Hence the cost consideration studies may help in Rational drug usage promotion and cost-minimization in disease management.
Intestinal Microflora Vs Protozoan Parasites: From Interaction to Competition
Authors: Siagian Forman Erwin 
Published: July 2022

Aims: To reveal the interaction between intestinal microflora and the protozoan parasite organisms and how it affect their host’s performance.
Discussion: The vertebrate gastro-intestinal system contain wide array of diverse but dynamic bacterial microbiota population that has ubiquitous consequences on its host’s well-being including physiology, nutrition, metabolism, and immunity, locally and systematically. Naturally, these bacteria share their milleu with a more or less similar population of parasitic eukaryotes (e.g., protozoan, helminths, and fungi). Both eukaryotes parasites in combination with the prokaryotic microorganisms as inhabitant normal microflora can dynamically shift the bio-physics and immune milleu of the intestine (locally) or even can affect its host as a whole (systematically), creating abundant chances for them to interact to each other; where ideally, both side is in equilibrium state. Beside their function, intestinal normal (commensal) microflora mainly contribute in several activities that control parasite survival and determines the outcome of several, if not many, parasite-base disease. Normal microflora actively limiting the pathogenicity of many parasites. The steadiness among the number and composition of normal microflora and its host seems vital to the host’s well-being perpetuation. But unfortunately, this interaction can further shifted into competition that can leads to the dominance of one party in number and probably also strength. Those spectrum of interactions may critically modify infection outcomes (active or dormant/carrier) and in turn affect the overall host condition. Active protozoan invasion may modify interaction between hosts and their normal resident microflora, either supporting or preventing against the condition of dysbiosis and inflammatory disease. Conversely, the microbiota controls parasite's settlement, multiplication, and even virulency; the properties that can modulate the interaction along the parasitism-mutualism sphere.
Conclusion: Intestinal microflora composition control the pathogenesis of the protozoan infections.
ANKLE2‐related microcephaly: A variable microcephaly syndrome resembling Zika infection
Authors: Thomas Ajay X. , Link Nichole , Robak Laurie A. , Demmler‐Harrison Gail , Pao Emily C. , Squire Audrey E. , Michels Savannah , Cohen Julie S. , Comi Anne , Prontera Paolo , Verrotti di Pianella Alberto , Di Cara Giuseppe , Garavelli Livia , Caraffi Stefano Giuseppe , Fusco Carlo , Zuntini Roberta , Parks Kendall C. , Sherr Elliott H. , Hashem Mais O. , Maddirevula Sateesh , Alkuraya Fowzan S. , Contractar Isphana A. F. , Neil Jennifer E. , Walsh Christopher A. , Bellen Hugo J. , Chao Hsiao‐Tuan , Clark Robin D. , Mirzaa Ghayda M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study delineates the clinical and molecular spectrum of ANKLE2‐related microcephaly (MIC), as well as highlights shared pathological mechanisms between ANKLE2 and the Zika virus.MethodsWe identified 12 individuals with MIC and variants in ANKLE2 with a broad range of features. Probands underwent thorough phenotypic evaluations, developmental assessments, and anthropometric measurements. Brain imaging studies were systematically reviewed for developmental abnormalities. We functionally interrogated a subset of identified ANKLE2 variants in Drosophila melanogaster.ResultsAll individuals had MIC (z‐score ≤ −3), including nine with congenital MIC. We identified a broad range of brain abnormalities including simplified cortical gyral pattern, full or partial callosal agenesis, increased extra‐axial spaces, hypomyelination, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, and enlarged cisterna magna. All probands had developmental delays in at least one domain, with speech and language delays being the most common. Six probands had skin findings characteristic of ANKLE2 including hyper‐ and hypopigmented macules. Only one individual had scalp rugae. Functional characterization in Drosophila recapitulated the human MIC phenotype. Of the four variants tested, p.Val229Gly, p.Arg236*, and p.Arg536Cys acted as partial‐loss‐of‐function variants, whereas the c.1421‐1G>C splicing variant demonstrated a strong loss‐of‐function effect.InterpretationDeleterious variants in the ANKLE2 gene cause a unique MIC syndrome characterized by congenital or postnatal MIC, a broad range of structural brain abnormalities, and skin pigmentary changes. Thorough functional characterization has identified shared pathogenic mechanisms between ANKLE2‐related MIC and congenital Zika virus infection. This study further highlights the importance of a thorough diagnostic evaluation including molecular diagnostic testing in individuals with MIC.
Insights into Micromorphological Effects of Cation Disordering on Co‐Free Layered Oxide Cathodes
Authors: Yu Lei , Zhao Hongan , Sun Jingwen , Han Qiaofeng , Zhu Junwu , Lu Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractControlling Li/Ni disordering has always been a priority in designing Co‐free layered oxide cathodes. The Li/Ni disordering is an atomic‐scale structural defect that has been extensively studied by macroscopic statistical characterizations. Significantly less is known about its microstructure in the layered structure and correlations with electrochemical performance. In this work, combining multiscale structural characterizations, it is found that Li/Ni disordering surprisingly takes various microstructural forms in Co‐free layered cathodes. Li/Ni disordering at insufficient calcination temperature tends to manifest as localized rock salt nanodomain in the layered structure. However, an excessively high calcination temperature causes Li/Ni disordering as a massive rock salt phase inside the particles. Only at an appropriate calcination temperature, the Li/Ni disordering is present in the layered structure as the form of well‐known anti‐site defects. These microstructural differences lead to widely varying electrochemical performance, and an in‐depth structure‐performance connection is built. Besides, the above results also reflect that more careful and precise control of experimental conditions is required to synthesize Co‐free layered cathodes. These findings may inspire the design of novel Co‐free cathodes and light the way forward.
3D Printing of Polymer Hydrogels—From Basic Techniques to Programmable Actuation
Authors: Puza Fatih , Lienkamp Karen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis review discusses the currently available 3D printing approaches, design concepts, and materials that are used to obtain programmable hydrogel actuators. These polymer materials can undergo complex, predetermined types of motion and thereby imitate adaptive natural actuators with anisotropic, hierarchical substructures. 3D printing techniques allow replicating these complex shapes with immense design flexibility. While 3D printing of thermoplastic polymers has become a mainstream technique in rapid prototyping, additive manufacturing of softer polymers including polymer hydrogels is still challenging. To avoid deliquescence of printed hydrogel structures, the polymer inks used for hydrogel manufacture need to be sheer‐thinning and thixotropic, with fast recovery rates of the high viscosity state. This is achieved by adding polymer or particle‐based viscosity modifiers. Further stabilization of the interfaces of the printed voxels, e.g., by UV cross‐linking, is often also required to obtain materials with useful mechanical properties. Here state‐of‐the‐art techniques used to 3D print stimulus responsive, programmable polymer hydrogels, and hydrogel actuators, as well as ink formulation and post‐printing strategies used to obtain materials with structural integrity are reviewed.
X‐Ray Markers for Thin Film Implants
Authors: Woodington Ben J. , Coles Lawrence , Rochford Amy E. , Freeman Paul , Sawiak Stephen , O'Neill Stephen J. K. , Scherman Oren A. , Barone Damiano G. , Proctor Christopher M. , Malliaras George G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractImplantable electronic medical devices are used in functional mapping of the brain before surgery and to deliver neuromodulation for the treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Their electrode arrays are assembled by hand, and this leads to bulky form factors with limited flexibility and low electrode counts. Thin film implants, made using microfabrication techniques, are emerging as an attractive alternative, as they offer dramatically improved conformability and enable high density recording and stimulation. A major limitation of these devices, however, is that they are invisible to fluoroscopy, the most common method used to monitor the insertion of implantable electrodes. Here, the development of mechanically flexible X‐ray markers using bismuth‐ and barium‐infused elastomers is reported. Their X‐ray attenuation properties in human cadavers are explored and it is shown that they are biocompatible in cell cultures. It is further shown that they do not distort magnetic resonance imaging images and their integration with thin film implants is demonstrated. This work removes a key barrier for the adoption of thin film implants in brain mapping and in neuromodulation.
Weak Molecular Interactions in Organic Composite Dry Film Lead to Degradable, Robust Wireless Electrophysiological Signal Sensing
Authors: Park Taehyun , Jeong Jinwoo , Kim Young‐Joon , Yoo Hocheon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLong‐term and highly sensitive electrophysiological signal detection is the primary issue for wearable health monitoring. The critical issues of pre‐gelled wet electrodes as conventional approaches are limited conductivity and low adhesivity owing to the dependence of moisture concentration. Along this line, this paper presents a biocompatible, mechanically robust, water degradable, and intrinsically conductive organic composite dry film electrode based on poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), hydroxyethyl cellulose, and dopamine. The effects on PEDOT:PSS structure transition are studied systematically according to the combination of each component with various analytical methods including morphological, chemical, electrical, and mechanical characterization. The proposed film exhibits high conductivity (292 S m–1) and robust mechano‐electrical stability (only 8% of resistance change under 110 of fully flat‐bended cycles) owing to the weak but synergetic interactions between the components. Furthermore, low noise, clear signal, and long‐term stability for a wireless electrocardiogram and electromyogram signal sensing is achieved using the proposed dry electrode.
Propulsion of Magnetic Beads Asymmetrically Covered with DNA Origami Appendages
Authors: Pauer Christoph , Venczel Aron , Dass Mihir , Liedl Tim , Tavacoli Joe 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEukaryotic cells that swim by the beating of nanoscale elastic filaments (flagella) present a promising locomotion paradigm for man‐made analogues essential for next‐generation in‐vivo treatments and for the study of collective phenomena at the low Reynolds number limit. However, artificial analogues have been limited to many microns in size due to the engineering challenges of fabricating actable flexible filaments at the nanoscale—thereby narrowing the application scope. Here, made‐to‐order nanoscale filaments designed on the molecular level are fabricated using the DNA‐origami technique. It is found that magnetic beads anisotropically covered with such bundles move in a ballistic fashion when wagged back and forth under an external magnetic field. Furthermore, by comparing bead dynamics at a range of bundle coverages and driving frequencies, compelling evidence is amassed to suggest that this ballistic motion is imparted by the beating of the DNA origami filaments as synthetic flagella. This proof‐of‐concept work opens up avenues for further made‐for‐purpose appendages designed using DNA self‐assembly and with it ever more complex locomotion on the nano and microscale.
Advanced Bio‐Inspired Mechanical Sensing Technology: Learning from Nature but Going beyond Nature
Authors: Xin Qingqing , Zhang Junqiu , Han Zhiwu , Zhao Houqi , Hou Tao , Liu Yahua , Niu Shichao , Han Qigang , Mu Zhengzhi , Li Bo , Wang Ze , Ren Luquan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe high‐performance optimized design of industrial sensor has been a challenging point of breakthrough in high‐end equipment manufacturing technology since its invention. Highly sensitive detectors have emerged during a long evolutionary period and have shown to be essential tools for ensuring species survival and reproduction. As a result, bio‐sensors have served as a great source of inspiration for high‐sensitivity and high‐performance sensor. Mechanism of bio‐sensors in mechanical detection of three common arthropods, as well as the most recent research results in bio‐mimetic devices, have been discussed in this study. The structure of bio‐detectors and bio‐sensors has been creatively split into environmental information capture device and transduction unit from the standpoint of biological sensing mechanisms and engineering technology. And development of bio‐sensors will rely on design and exploitation of mechanical structures and functional materials with various couplings. Exploration of bionic mechanical sensors is in its early stages and further research is required. High‐performance research on biological detectors and multi‐level bionic design on industrial sensors have been enhanced by revealing mechanism of environmental information capture in environment capture device from basic science and synthesizing new multi‐functional materials of transduction unit with a combination of biological materials and production technology.
Nanoplatform‐Based Reactive Oxygen Species Scavengers for Therapy of Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Ai Yongjian , He Meng‐Qi , Wan Chengxian , Luo Hua , Xin Hongbo , Wang Yitao , Liang Qionglin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIschemia‐reperfusion is a characteristic disorder of many diseases, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular diseases. Ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the most frequent causes of debilitating diseases and death. Relieving organ damage caused by IRI is valuable in safeguarding human life and health. In recent years, nanoplatform‐based reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers have attracted widespread attention for alleviation of IRI. To highlight these achievements and to provide a quick perspective for researchers to understand the current research status, recent progress in nanoplatform‐based ROS scavengers for IRI therapy is summarized in this review. This review first summarizes information on the main sites and mechanisms of IRI. Thereafter, this review briefly summarizes and discusses the principles of design, fabrication, and administration of nanoplatform‐based ROS scavengers. Furthermore, the application of nanoplatform‐based ROS scavengers in the treatment of IRI in a variety of organs is also reviewed. Finally, limitations and possible breakthrough in developing ROS scavengers in the field of IRI are discussed. It is hoped that this review will be helpful and enlightening to researcher in medicine, pharmacy, biology, chemistry, and materials science.
Causal Paths Allowing Simultaneous Control of Multiple Nanoparticle Properties Using Multi‐Target Bayesian Inference
Authors: Ting Jonathan Y. C. , Li Sichao , Barnard Amanda S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMachine learning can extract complex structure/property relationships but is often insufficient to explain how to control or tune the properties of materials, particularly when they are multi‐functional. This study demonstrates the value of combining multi‐target regression and multi‐target causal graphs to address the need to simultaneously control multiple properties of nanomaterials, and the need to translate these relationships into actionable insights. Using nanodiamonds as an exemplar, recursive feature elimination is first used to identify nine structural features that allow simultaneous prediction of their electron charge transfer properties and thermochemical stability to high accuracy by an interpretable random forest regressor. A multi‐target Bayesian network with domain knowledge incorporated via interactive learning using a hill‐climbing algorithm then determines how these important structural features of nanodiamonds relate to their functional properties, proposing causal paths that can be used to inform experimental design.
Printing Liquid Metal Elastomer Composites for High‐Performance Stretchable Thermoelectric Generators
Authors: Han Youngshang , Simonsen Leif‐Erik , Malakooti Mohammad H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractContinuous powering of wearable electronics and personalized biomonitoring systems remains a great challenge. One promising solution is the use of thermoelectric generators (TEGs) that convert body heat to electricity. These energy harvesters must conform to curved surfaces and minimize thermal barriers to maintain efficiency while still exhibiting durability under large deformations. Here, highly efficient, stretchable thermoelectric generators made of inorganic semiconductors and printed multifunctional soft matter are introduced. Liquid metal elastomer composites with tailored microstructures are printed as highly conductive thermal interface materials and stretchable interconnects. Additionally, elastomer composites with hollow microspheres are formulated to print a deformable and lightweight thermal insulator within the device. These stretchable thermoelectric wearables show an excellent performance by generating an open‐circuit voltage of 392 mV and a power density of ≈650 µW cm−2 at ∆T = 60 °C and withstanding more than 15 000 stretching cycles at 30% strain. Furthermore, the additive manufacturing process is leveraged by direct writing of the TEGs on textiles to demonstrate their seamless integration and by 3D printing of stretchable heatsinks to maintain a large temperature gradient across the device and to study the effect of convective heat transfer on device performance.