bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding Order in Chaos: Quantitative Predictors of Chaos Terrain Morphology on Europa
Authors: Leonard E. J. , Howell S. M. , Mills A. , Senske D. A. , Patthoff D. A. , Hay H. C. F. C. , Pappalardo R. T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe mechanisms for chaos terrain formation on Europa have long been a source of debate in the scientific community. There exist numerous theoretical and numerical models for chaos formation, but to date there has been a lack of quantifiable observations that can be used to constrain models and permit comparison to the outputs of these chaos models. Here, we use mapping and statistical analysis to develop a quantitative description of chaos terrain and their observed morphologies. For nine chaos features, we map every block, or region of pre‐existing terrain within disrupted matrix. We demonstrate that chaos terrains follow a continuous spectrum of morphologies between two endmembers, platy and knobby. We find that any given chaos terrain's morphology can be quantified by means of the linearized exponential slope of its cumulative block area distribution. This quantitative metric provides a new diagnostic parameter in future studies of chaos terrain formation and comparison.
Nocturnal Atmospheric Oxidative Processes in the Indo‐Gangetic Plain and Their Variation During the COVID‐19 Lockdowns
Authors: Meidan D. , Brown S. S. , Sinha V. , Rudich Y. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study investigates selected secondary atmospheric responses to the widely reported emission change attributed to COVID‐19 lockdowns in the highly polluted Indo‐Gangetic Plain (IGP) using ground‐based measurements of trace gases and particulate matter. We used a chemical box‐model to show that production of nighttime oxidant, NO3, was affected mainly by emission decrease (average nighttime production rates 1.2, 0.8 and 1.5 ppbv hr−1 before, during and relaxation of lockdown restrictions, respectively), while NO3 sinks were sensitive to both emission reduction and seasonal variations. We have also shown that the maximum potential mixing ratio of nitryl chloride, a photolytic chlorine radical source which has not been previously considered in the IGP, is as high as 5.5 ppbv at this inland site, resulting from strong nitrate radical production and a potentially large particulate chloride mass. This analysis suggests that air quality measurement campaigns and modeling explicitly consider heterogeneous nitrogen oxide and halogen chemistry.
Characterizing Catchment‐Scale Nitrogen Legacies and Constraining Their Uncertainties
Authors: Sarrazin Fanny J. , Kumar Rohini , Basu Nandita B. , Musolff Andreas , Weber Michael , Van Meter Kimberly J. , Attinger Sabine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractImproving nitrogen (N) status in European water bodies is a pressing issue. N levels depend not only on current but also past N inputs to the landscape, that have accumulated through time in legacy stores (e.g., soil, groundwater). Catchment‐scale N models, that are commonly used to investigate in‐stream N levels, rarely examine the magnitude and dynamics of legacy components. This study aims to gain a better understanding of the long‐term fate of the N inputs and its uncertainties, using a legacy‐driven N model (ELEMeNT) in Germany's largest national river basin (Weser; 38,450 km2) over the period 1960–2015. We estimate the nine model parameters based on a progressive constraining strategy, to assess the value of different observational data sets. We demonstrate that beyond in‐stream N loading, soil N content and in‐stream N concentration allow to reduce the equifinality in model parameterizations. We find that more than 50% of the N surplus denitrifies (1480–2210 kg ha−1) and the stream export amounts to around 18% (410–640 kg ha−1), leaving behind as much as around 230–780 kg ha−1 of N in the (soil) source zone and 10–105 kg ha−1 in the subsurface. A sensitivity analysis reveals the importance of different factors affecting the residual uncertainties in simulated N legacies, namely hydrologic travel time, denitrification rates, a coefficient characterizing the protection of organic N in source zone and N surplus input. Our study calls for proper consideration of uncertainties in N legacy characterization, and discusses possible avenues to further reduce the equifinality in water quality modeling.
Thank You to Our 2021 Peer Reviewers
Authors: Manighetti Isabelle , Abercrombie Rachel , Ben‐Zion Yehuda , Bernabé Yves , Bostock Michael , Dekkers Mark J. , Ide Satoshi , Parman Stephen W. , Schmitt Douglas R. , Tregoning Paul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEditors of JGR‐Solid Earth express their appreciation to those who served as peer reviewers for the journal in 2021.
Dental pulp stem cells as a promising model to study imprinting diseases
Authors: Giabicani Eloïse , Pham Aurélie , Sélénou Céline , Sobrier Marie-Laure , Andrique Caroline , Lesieur Julie , Linglart Agnès , Poliard Anne , Chaussain Catherine , Netchine Irène 
Published: April 2022

AbstractParental imprinting is an epigenetic process leading to monoallelic expression of certain genes depending on their parental origin. Imprinting diseases are characterized by growth and metabolic issues starting from birth to adulthood. They are mainly due to methylation defects in imprinting control region that drive the abnormal expression of imprinted genes. We currently lack relevant animal or cellular models to unravel the pathophysiology of growth failure in these diseases. We aimed to characterize the methylation of imprinting regions in dental pulp stem cells and during their differentiation in osteogenic cells (involved in growth regulation) to assess the interest of this cells in modeling imprinting diseases. We collected dental pulp stem cells from five controls and four patients (three with Silver-Russell syndrome and one with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome). Methylation analysis of imprinting control regions involved in these syndromes showed a normal profile in controls and the imprinting defect in patients. These results were maintained in dental pulp stem cells cultured under osteogenic conditions. Furthermore, we confirmed the same pattern in six other loci involved in imprinting diseases in humans. We also confirmed monoallelic expression of H19 (an imprinted gene) in controls and its biallelic expression in one patient. Extensive imprinting control regions methylation analysis shows the strong potential of dental pulp stem cells in modeling imprinting diseases, in which imprinting regions are preserved in culture and during osteogenic differentiation. This will allow to perform in vitro functional and therapeutic tests in cells derived from dental pulp stem cells and generate other cell-types.
Piezoelectric-AlN resonators at two-dimensional flexural modes for the density and viscosity decoupled determination of liquids
Authors: Huang Linya , Li Wei , Luo Guoxi , Lu Dejiang , Zhao Libo , Yang Ping , Wang Xiaozhang , Wang Jiuhong , Lin Qijing , Jiang Zhuangde 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA micromachined resonator immersed in liquid provides valuable resonance parameters for determining the fluidic parameters. However, the liquid operating environment poses a challenge to maintaining a fine sensing performance, particularly through electrical characterization. This paper presents a piezoelectric micromachined cantilever with a stepped shape for liquid monitoring purposes. Multiple modes of the proposed cantilever are available with full electrical characterization for realizing self-actuated and self-sensing capabilities. The focus is on higher flexural resonances, which nonconventionally feature two-dimensional vibration modes. Modal analyses are conducted for the developed cantilever under flexural vibrations at different orders. Modeling explains not only the basic length-dominant mode but also higher modes that simultaneously depend on the length and width of the cantilever. This study determines that the analytical predictions for resonant frequency in liquid media exhibit good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, the experiments on cantilever resonators are performed in various test liquids, demonstrating that higher-order flexural modes allow for the decoupled measurements of density and viscosity. The measurement differences achieve 0.39% in density and 3.50% in viscosity, and the frequency instability is below 0.05‰. On the basis of these results, design guidelines for piezoelectric higher-mode resonators are proposed for liquid sensing.
A novel mechanism for A-to-I RNA-edited AZIN1 in promoting tumor angiogenesis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Wei Yan , Zhang Haowan , Feng Qiaohui , Wang Shumin , Shao Youcheng , Wu Jie , Jin Ge , Lin Weiwei , Peng Xinxin , Xu Xiaoyan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAdenosine (A) to inosine (I) RNA editing catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes is a post-transcriptional modification that emerged as a key player in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Antizyme inhibitor 1 (AZIN1) is one of the most frequent A-to-I RNA alterations in many human cancers. RNA-edited AZIN1 is known to confer a gain-of-function phenotype associated with aggressive tumors. However, the functional impact of RNA-edited AZIN1 in cancer angiogenesis remains unexplored. We showed here that RNA-edited AZIN1 promoted tumor angiogenesis through the upregulation of IL-8 via in vitro and in vivo experiments. And we subsequently demonstrated that delaying c-Myc degradation by OAZ2-mediated ubiquitin-independent proteasome pathway contributed to increase mRNA level and the secretion of angiogenic factor IL-8. Our study suggests an important contribution of RNA-edited AZIN1 to the tumor vascular microenvironment and highlights its translational potential. Thus, we revealed a potential approach to explore small-molecule antagonists such as reparixin attenuating IL-8 signaling for treatment of human cancer patients detected with hyper-editing.
Propagation network of tailings dam failure risk and the identification of key hazards
Authors: Zhen Zhixin , Wu Xu , Ma Bo , Zhao Huijie , Zhang Ying 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe tailings dam system is complex, and the dam structure changes continuously over time, which can make it difficult to identify key hazards of failure and characterize the accident formation process. To solve the above problems, based on complex network theory, the paper uses the identified hazards and the relationship between hazards to construct the propagation network of tailings dam failure risk (PNTDFR). The traditional analysis methods of network centrality usually focus on one aspect of the information of the network, while it cannot take into account to absorb the advantages of different methods, resulting in the difference between identified key nodes and real key hazards. To find the key hazards of tailing dam failure, based on the characteristics of multi-stage propagation of failure risk, the paper proposes a multi-stage collaborative hazard remediation method (MCHRM) to determine the importance of hazard nodes by absorbing the advantages of different centrality methods under different hazard remediation (deletion) ratios. The paper applies the above methods to Feijão Dam I. It can be found that when the priority remediation range is increased to 45%, the key hazards obtained by the MCHRM will cover all the causes of accidents proposed by the Dam I failure investigation expert group. Besides, the paper compares the monitoring data, daily inspection results and safety evaluation information of key hazards with the ‘Grading standards of hazard indicators’, and obtains the formation process of the Dam I failure and 30 key hazards in trigger state.
A whole genome sequencing study of moderate to severe asthma identifies a lung function locus associated with asthma risk
Authors: Chang Diana , Hunkapiller Julie , Bhangale Tushar , Reeder Jens , Mukhyala Kiran , Tom Jennifer , Cowgill Amy , Vogel Jan , Forrest William F. , Khan Zia , Stockwell Amy , McCarthy Mark I. , Staton Tracy L. , Olsson Julie , Holweg Cecile T. J. , Cheung Dorothy S. , Chen Hubert , Brauer Matthew J. , Graham Robert R. , Behrens Timothy , Wilson Mark S. , Arron Joseph R. , Choy David F. , Yaspan Brian L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many common variant loci associated with asthma susceptibility, but few studies investigate the genetics underlying moderate-to-severe asthma risk. Here, we present a whole-genome sequencing study comparing 3181 moderate-to-severe asthma patients to 3590 non-asthma controls. We demonstrate that asthma risk is genetically correlated with lung function measures and that this component of asthma risk is orthogonal to the eosinophil genetics that also contribute to disease susceptibility. We find that polygenic scores for reduced lung function are associated with younger asthma age of onset. Genome-wide, seven previously reported common asthma variant loci and one previously reported lung function locus, near THSD4, reach significance. We replicate association of the lung function locus in a recently published GWAS of moderate-to-severe asthma patients. We additionally replicate the association of a previously reported rare (minor allele frequency < 1%) coding variant in IL33 and show significant enrichment of rare variant burden in genes from common variant allergic disease loci. Our findings highlight the contribution of lung function genetics to moderate-to-severe asthma risk, and provide initial rare variant support for associations with moderate-to-severe asthma risk at several candidate genes from common variant loci.
Nostalgia evocation through seasonality-conscious purchasing behavior revealed by online survey using vegetable names
Authors: Gotow Naomi , Nagai Yuko , Taguchi Taro , Kino Yuko , Ogino Hiroyuki , Kobayakawa Tatsu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFood can be a valuable mediator of nostalgia. Japanese food culture places a great emphasis on seasons, and thus there may be a relationship between nostalgic foods and seasonality. In this study, we hypothesized that participants who emphasized seasonality at the time of vegetable purchase (seasonality-oriented; hereafter, SO) would be more likely to feel vegetable-evoked nostalgia than those who did not (non-seasonality-oriented; hereafter, non-SO). To test this hypothesis, we administered an online survey to older Japanese adults regarding 103 representative vegetables considered to be seasonal foods. After participants selected vegetables that they had eaten, they then selected those that evoked nostalgia (hereafter, nostalgic vegetables). For each nostalgic vegetable, they evaluated the degree of nostalgia and state if a past event (autobiographical memory) was recalled. If an autobiographical memory was recalled for a certain nostalgic vegetable, nostalgia for that memory was evaluated. Comparing between SO and non-SO participants, SO participants had significantly higher numbers of nostalgic vegetables with associated autobiographical memories, as well as nostalgia for those vegetables and autobiographical memories. The results supported our hypothesis, suggesting that seasonality-conscious purchasing behavior evokes nostalgia.
Performance analysis of full‐duplex device‐to‐device transmitter aided non‐orthogonal multiple access
Authors: Bai Lijun , Hao Li , Jia Ke jun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a three‐user non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system based on device‐to‐device (D2D) communication and full‐duplex (FD) transmission is proposed, in which the D2D user acts as a decode‐and‐forward (DF) relay to forward the signal from the base station (BS) to the far user, forming a system termed the FD D2D transmitter aided NOMA (FD‐D2D‐NOMA). In practical NOMA systems, due to the limitation of decoding ability, the near user cannot always perform successive interference cancellation (SIC) successfully. By considering perfect SIC (pSIC) and imperfect SIC (ipSIC), the close‐form expressions for the ergodic sum capacity and outage probability of the proposed FD‐D2D‐NOMA scheme are derived, which match well with the simulation ones. The ergotic sum capacity and outage probability under different levels of residual self‐interference at the FD user and residual interference at the far/near user due to ipSIC are investigated, and the results show that, such interferences have significant impact on the performance of the proposed scheme. Moreover, the analytical and simulation results illustrate the performance gain of the proposed scheme compared with other ones under both pSIC and ipSIC scenarios. The impacts on performance exerted by channel conditions and design parameters are also discussed in this paper.
Open‐set iris recognition based on deep learning
Authors: Sun Jie , Zhao Shipeng , Miao Sheng , Wang Xuan , Yu Yanan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe existing iris recognition methods offer excellent recognition performance for known classes, but they do not consider the rejection of unknown classes. It is important to reject an unknown object class for a reliable iris recognition system. This study proposes open‐set iris recognition based on deep learning. In the method, by training the deep network, the extracted iris features are clustered near the feature centre of each kind of iris image. Then, the authors build an open‐class features outlier network (OCFON) containing distance features, which maps the features extracted by the deep network to a new feature space and classifies them. Finally, the unknown class samples are determined by a SoftMax probability threshold. The authors conducted experiments on the open iris dataset constructed using the iris datasets CASIA‐Iris‐Twins and CASIA‐Iris‐Lamp. The experiment shows that the proposed method has good open‐set iris recognition performance, can effectively distinguish iris samples of unknown classes, and has little impact on the recognition ability of known classes of iris samples.
Power‐frequency oscillation suppression algorithm for AC microgrid with multiple virtual synchronous generators based on fuzzy inference system
Authors: Zhang Liang , Zheng Hao , Cai Guowei , Zhang Zhe , Wang Xuesong , Koh Leong Hai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the microgrid, virtual synchronous generator technology can significantly enhance the anti‐interference characteristics of the system frequency and bus voltage, as well as solve the problems of insufficient damping and low inertia. However, the system frequency and active power oscillation caused by power fluctuations and grid faults threaten the stable operation of the grid seriously. Therefore, for an alternating current (AC) microgrid multi‐virtual synchronous generator (VSG) parallel system, an improved virtual synchronous generator control algorithm based on a fuzzy inference system is proposed, which adjusts the values of virtual inertia and damping coefficient dynamically through fuzzy logic rules to realize the coordinated control of the two. The enhanced VSG algorithm described in this research has a substantial influence on power‐frequency oscillation suppression, decreases active power and frequency overshoot, shortens the adjustment time, and improves system frequency stability active power, according to simulation and experimental findings.
KMT-2021-BLG-1077L: The fifth confirmed multiplanetary system detected by microlensing
Authors: Han Cheongho , Gould Andrew , Bond Ian A. , Kil Jung Youn , Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Yee Jennifer C. , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Chung-Uk , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. , Kim Doeon ,   (The KMTNet collaboration), Abe Fumio , Barry Richard K. , Bennett David P. , Bhattacharya Aparna , Fujii Hirosane , Fukui Akihiko , Hirao Yuki , Itow Yoshitaka , Kirikawa Rintaro , Koshimoto Naoki , Kondo Iona , Matsubara Yutaka , Matsumoto Sho , Miyazaki Shota , Muraki Yasushi , Olmschenk Greg , Okamura Arisa , Ranc Clément , Rattenbury Nicholas J. , Satoh Yuki , Silva Stela Ishitani , Sumi Takahiro , Suzuki Daisuke , Toda Taiga , Tristram Paul J. , Vandorou Aikaterini , Yama Hibiki ,   (The MOA Collaboration)
Published: April 2022

Aims. The high-magnification microlensing event KMT-2021-BLG-1077 exhibits a subtle and complex anomaly pattern in the region around the peak. We analyze the lensing light curve of the event with the aim of revealing the nature of the anomaly.
Methods. We test various models in combination with several interpretations: that the lens is a binary (2L1S), the source is a binary (1L2S), both the lens and source are binaries (2L2S), or the lens is a triple system (3L1S). We search for the best-fit models under the individual interpretations of the lens and source systems.
Results. We find that the anomaly cannot be explained by the usual three-body (2L1S and 1L2S) models. The 2L2S model improves the fit compared to the three-body models, but it still leaves noticeable residuals. On the other hand, the 3L1S interpretation yields a model explaining all the major anomalous features in the lensing light curve. According to the 3L1S interpretation, the estimated mass ratios of the lens companions to the primary are ~1.56 × 10−3 and ~1.75 × 10−3, which correspond to ~1.6 and ~1.8 times the Jupiter/Sun mass ratio, respectively, and therefore the lens is a multiplanetary system containing two giant planets. With the constraints of the event time-scale and angular Einstein radius, it is found that the host of the lens system is a low-mass star of mid-to-late M spectral type with amass of Mh = 0.14−0.07+0.19 MΘ, and it hosts two gas giant planets with masses of Mp1 = 0.22−0.12+0.31 MJ and Mp2 = 0.25−0.13+0.35. The planets lie beyond the snow line of the host with projected separations of a⊥,p1 = 1.26−1.08+1.41 AU and a⊥,p2 = 0.93−0.80+1.05 AU. The planetary system resides in the Galactic bulge at a distance of DL = 8.24−1.16+1.02 kpc. The lens of the event is the fifth confirmed multiplanetary system detected by microlensing following OGLE-2006-BLG-109L, OGLE-2012-BLG-0026L, OGLE-2018-BLG-1011L, and OGLE-2019-BLG-0468L.
Inversion formulae for ray transforms in vector and tensor tomography
Authors: Louis Alfred K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Ray transforms for vector or tensor fields have been studied for a long time, also in connection with Doppler or polarization tomography. In contrast to the classical Radon transform or x-ray transform their known inversion formulae are rather complicated, and represented, for example, using series expansions or singular value decompositions. Recently, applications of the approximate inverse have been studied. In this paper we present a new class of inversion formulae for compactly supported fields similar to those of the x-ray transform. The derivation is based on two observations. First, we apply Derevtsov’s formula relating the ray transforms of vector or tensor fields to a derivative of the x-ray transform of a generating potential, [3]. Second, we apply the calculation of derivatives of a scalar function from its x-ray transform, as it is realized in feature reconstruction, [15, 16]. Generalizations complete the presentation.
SU(3)-transformation-based inverse engineering for fast population transfer in three-level systems
Authors: Li Wei , Song Yu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We propose a scheme to inverse engineer the Hamiltonian of any general driven three-level system by employing a SU(3) transformation. For special cases, the scheme is then introduced to explore nonadiabatic dynamic evolution of systems with two-photon resonance. We demonstrate that, by selecting the control parameters with explicit function forms, both the ideal process and the practical evolution driving with the truncation of pulses, systematic error and decaying can implement fast population transfer with high fidelity. Moreover, the nonadiabatic passages are not reconstructed by the superadiabatic approach.