bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of Diet Protocols Following Orthognathic Surgery and Analysis of Postoperative Weight Loss
Authors: Irgebay Zhazira , Beiriger Jamison C. , Beiriger Justin W. , Matinrazm Sayna , Natali Megan , Yi Cleo , Smetona John , Schuster Lindsay , Goldstein Jesse A. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction Orthognathic surgery is routinely practiced, yet little comparative data exists to evaluate post-orthognathic surgery diet protocols. Objective To evaluate which postoperative diet protocols are recommended and to quantify post-orthognathic surgery weight changes in our institutional cohort. Methods An internet search was carried out on Google for “orthognathic surgery diet” and the postoperative diet recommendations from centers worldwide were quantified. Additionally, a retrospective analysis of patients that underwent orthognathic surgery at our institution was performed, and their preoperative and postoperative weights were recorded. Results The internet search yielded 58 centers that met our inclusion criteria. Most centers were in the United States (n = 37, 63.8%) and were oral and maxillofacial surgeon (OMFS)-led centers (n = 39, 67.2%). Postoperative diets were categorized into 7 distinct protocols, ranging from most to least restrictive—the most popular was liquid diet for 2 to 4 weeks followed by soft diet for 2 to 6 weeks. There were no significant patterns observed across different geographical regions or specialties. In our institution, 135 patients were identified. Overall, there was an average maximum weight loss of 4.1 kg by week 4, followed by a gradual increase in weight. Linear regression analysis showed that patients with greater preoperative body mass index (BMI) lost more weight postoperatively than patients with lower BMI (R2 = 0.25, P < .001). Conclusion There is a significant variability in recommended postoperative diets following orthognathic surgery. Following a moderately restrictive diet at our institution, patients returned to their preoperative weight after approximately 4 months.
Responding to sociolinguistic change: New speakers and variationist sociolinguistics
Authors: Rodriguez-Ordoñez Itxaso , Kasstan Jonathan , O’Rourke Bernadette 
Published: July 2022

Aims: The goal of this special issue is to anchor an understanding of language variation and change in a relatively newly adopted framework for researching ‘new speakers’ of minoritized languages. Approach: This paper first reviews basic principles of variationist sociolinguistics as they apply to new-speaker contexts before critically engaging with the notion of speakerhood. Conclusions: We frame our discussion of new speakers as mobile bilinguals in contexts of sociolinguistics change. We call into question traditional ideals of speakerhood that have been couched in studies of bilingualism and language variation and change, and we emphasize the need to understand variation as part of the new social conditions that these speakers must navigate. This approach enriches approaches to measuring key factors in bilingualism (e.g. input, peer identity, language dominance), that are better adapted to the sociolinguistic ecologies of new speakers. Originality: This is the first special issue dedicated to the bi-/multilingual repertoires of minoritized language speakers that more readily encapsulates both a new speaker framework and standard principles of language variation and change. This introduction discusses important theoretical and methodological advancements in the field.
Impact of advance light exposure on assembly-line workers’ subjective work alertness and sleep quality
Authors: He S , Yan Y 
Published: July 2022

Underexposure to daylight in windowless factories puts assembly-line workers at risk of health problems. To investigate whether the advance light exposure in the early morning and during the lunch break benefits workers’ productivity and night-time sleep, a within-subject experiment was conducted in a factory. Four experimental lighting interventions were provided twice a day before work (8:30–9:00 and 12:00–12:30) for consecutive five workdays, covering two light levels (1440 lx vs. 70 lx), each with two correlated colour temperatures (CCTs) (5300 K vs. 3300 K), plus an additional benchmark dark exposure (4 lx). Participants’ subjective alertness and night-time sleep were measured daily, and the chronotype was monitored once a week. Results showed that a higher illuminance was correlated with increased subjective work alertness and higher sleep efficiency, while a lower CCT slightly improved alertness. The subjective work alertness and sleep efficiency under the two advance bright light exposures were higher than those under the dark exposure, and the responses of subjective alertness were more pronounced in the afternoon than those in the morning. Yet, the chronotype had no evident change in different lighting interventions. The present study indicated that the daily advance light exposure before work could have a delayed effect on participants’ alertness and sleep quality.
Are Patient Demographics and Payor Status Associated With Practice Patterns in the Surgical Management of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
Authors: Hudson H. Todd , Moore Reece , Elver Ashlie A. , Herrera Fernando A. 
Published: July 2022

Background: Open carpal tunnel release (OCTR) and endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR) are the 2 operative approaches used to treat carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). This study aims to identify whether differences between OCTR and ECTR rates exist, and, if so, are these differences associated with patient demographics or hospital characteristics. Methods: The 2018 Nationwide Ambulatory Surgery Sample (NASS) was filtered for patient encounters including either OCTR or ECTR operations. All patients undergoing either OCTR or ECTR were included, regardless of surgical specialty. Patient demographics and hospital characteristics data, provided and predefined by the NASS database, were collected and compared between the 2 treatment groups. Results: A total of 180 740 patient encounters were collected for both procedure types (OCTR: 62.4% women, mean age, 58 years; ECTR: 62.2% women, mean age, 58 years). Patients from lower income zip codes were more likely to undergo OCTR ( P < .001). Patients either self-paying ( P < .008) or covered by Medicare ( P < .001) or Medicaid insurance ( P < .001) were also more likely to undergo OCTR. In contrast, patients who received care at academic centers and centers with >300 beds were more likely to undergo ECTR ( P < .001). Patients <65 years old were more likely to undergo ECTR ( P < .001), and patients > 75 years old were more likely to undergo OCTR ( P < .001). In addition, ECTR was found to be more expensive, with average total charges $1568 greater than charges for OCTR ( P < .001). Conclusions: Significant differences exist in treatment strategies for CTS and are related to patient income, location, and primary payor status. Differences in OCTR and ECTR rates are also present, and are related to the size and academic status of hospitals.
Identifying risk factors for perioperative thromboembolic complications in patients treated with the Woven EndoBridge device
Authors: Javed Kainaat , Fortunel Adisson , Holland Ryan , Khatri Deepak , Ahmad Samuel , Haranhalli Neil , Altschul David 
Published: July 2022

Introduction Woven EndoBridge (WEB) is a new endovascular treatment option for wide necked bifurcation aneurysms. Results from the WEB-IT trial showed a 0% risk of thromboembolic complications within 30 days post-op but the rate reported in the literature is as high as 10%. We are exploring potential risk factors associated with immediate thromboembolic complications in patients treated with the WEB device. Methods Retrospective study of forty-two patients with intracranial aneurysms who were treated with WEB at a single center from 2019–2021. Data was collected on patient demographics, comorbidities, aneurysm characteristics, procedural details, and hospital course. Bivariate analyses were performed to compare patients who experienced a periprocedural ischemic stroke to those who did not. Multiple logistic regression modeling was performed to identify independent risk factors for thromboembolic complications. Results Of the 42 patients that were treated with WEB, 6 suffered an ischemic stroke (AIS). These patients were more likely to have an underlying diagnosis of arrythmias (p value = 0.007). Furthermore, they had a median angle of 32.0° in the true neck view on diagnostic angiogram compared to 19.5° (p value = 0.046). Lastly, they had a longer procedure length of 228 min compared to 178 min (p value = 0.002). Patients with thromboembolic complications had a longer length of stay in the hospital and worse outcomes at three months follow up. On logistic regression modeling, these risk factors did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion Risk factors of thromboembolic complications after WEB placement include cardiac arrythmias, acute aneurysmal angle in the true neck view and a longer procedure length.
Applied Philosophical Hermeneutic Research: the unmethod
Authors: Hovey Richard B. , Vigouroux Marie , Noushi Nioushah , Pavate Veeresh , Amja Kristina 
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this article is to provide insight into the philosophy and practice of Applied Philosophical Hermeneutics as a unique approach for research in the health sciences. While there are other research approaches grounded in hermeneutics, this article focuses on Gadamer’s modern philosophical hermeneutics. During my 18 years as a hermeneutic researcher, graduate students and I have engaged with people with a wide variety of experiences such as preventable medical error, Indigenous health, adult and adolescent chronic pain, social responsibility in higher education, oral health care for autistic children, and the experiences of people living with Thalassemia. Applied Philosophical Hermeneutics offers an approach to help bring researchers, clinicians, and patients together within a community of active partnerships in research. All these projects employed Applied Philosophical Hermeneutics as an approach to gain a deeper and personal understanding of the unique experiences of these diverse groups of people. Hermeneutics remains somewhat confusing as the unmethod which may lead to a dismissive attitude toward this research approach. Therefore, the intention of this paper is to present a risk-free insight into hermeneutics, which hopefully will open-up conversations and new learning experiences among researchers, students, patients, and colleagues.
Psychosocial issues and coping mechanisms of pregnant and postnatal women diagnosed with COVID-19: A qualitative study
Authors: Kabwe Jane Chanda , Lubeya Mwansa Ketty , Phiri Christabel Chigwe , Mulenga Mubanga , Siulapwa Ntungo , Kaonga Patrick , Price Joan T. , Phiri Selia Ng’anjo , Jacobs Choolwe 
Published: July 2022

Objective There is a paucity of data on the psychosocial issues and coping mechanisms among pregnant and postnatal women with COVID-19 infection. We, therefore, aimed to explore the psychosocial issues and coping mechanisms of pregnant and postnatal women diagnosed with COVID-19 at tertiary-level hospitals. Methods This was a qualitative phenomenological study conducted in 2021 with a sample size of 16 women admitted at two referral hospitals serving as COVID-19 admission facilities for pregnant and postnatal women in Lusaka, Zambia. In-depth interviews were conducted via telephone to understand what these women experienced when diagnosed with COVID-19. All the interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was conducted using the six steps approach to develop emerging themes. Results Two major themes emerged: psychosocial issues and coping mechanisms. The primary psychosocial issues were worry and stigma. Women worried about infecting their unborn baby or neonate, being separated from the baby, the general safety of the baby, and the health of other family members. Women also worried about the attitude of health care providers and faced discrimination or stigma because of their infection. Thus, some coping mechanisms were developed that helped them, such as a positive attitude, keeping the disease secret, reliance on family members for support and using positive information from social media. Conclusion This study provides unique insights into the psychosocial experiences of pregnant and postnatal women diagnosed with COVID-19. Women were particularly concerned about the unborn baby’s well-being and discrimination. This study suggests the need for policy and clinical practice to consider the integration of effective mental health services into the provision of maternal health and COVID-19 services.
Driving, work, wound care and rehabilitation after carpal tunnel release: Consensus recommendations from a UK Delphi study
Authors: Newington Lisa , Madan Ira , Sandford Fiona 
Published: July 2022

Introduction There is variability in the information available for patients after carpal tunnel release (CTR). We aimed to establish (i) what advice should be provided regarding return to driving after CTR; (ii) how work activities should be categorised and defined in relation to CTR, and when patients should be recommended to return to these activities; (iii) what wound care and rehabilitation advice should be provided after CTR. Methods We developed consensus recommendations from an expert panel of hand surgeons, primary care surgeons and hand therapists using an electronic Delphi process. Participants were recruited from clinical organisations using pre-defined criteria. Delphi questionnaires included open text and tick-box responses. Consensus was defined as ≥75% agreement and summary feedback was provided after each round. Results There were 33 panellists (21 surgeons and 12 hand therapists), of which 27 (82%) completed all rounds. Expected return to driving was agreed as 5–14 days. Expected timescales were also agreed for return to seven selected occupational activities. Post-operative advice focused on using and moving the hand, rather than specific rehabilitation. While consensus was reached for most items, there were important areas of disagreement, including divergent views on driving with sutures in situ and the need to inform car insurers. Conclusion Recommendations from this study expand on existing advice by including functional descriptors for occupational activities and guidance timescales generated through a formal consensus process. Areas where consensus was not reached warrant further exploration to assess whether different practices impact clinical and functional outcomes for patients.
A near real-time electronic health record-based COVID-19 surveillance system: An experience from a developing country
Authors: Sheikhtaheri Abbas , Tabatabaee Jabali Seyed Mohammad , Bitaraf Ehsan , TehraniYazdi Alireza , Kabir Ali 
Published: July 2022

Context Access to real-time data that provide accurate and timely information about the status and extent of disease spread could assist management of the COVID-19 pandemic and inform decision-making. Aim To demonstrate our experience with regard to implementation of technical and architectural infrastructure for a near real-time electronic health record-based surveillance system for COVID-19 in Iran. Method This COVID-19 surveillance system was developed from hospital information and electronic health record (EHR) systems available in the study hospitals in conjunction with a set of open-source solutions; and designed to integrate data from multiple resources to provide near real-time access to COVID-19 patients’ data, as well as a pool of health data for analytical and decision-making purposes. Outcomes Using this surveillance system, we were able to monitor confirmed and suspected cases of COVID-19 in our population and to automatically notify stakeholders. Based on aggregated data collected, this surveillance system was able to facilitate many activities, such as resource allocation for hospitals, including managing bed allocations, providing and distributing equipment and funding, and setting up isolation centres. Conclusion Electronic health record systems and an integrated data analytics infrastructure are effective tools to enable policymakers to make better decisions, and for epidemiologists to conduct improved analyses regarding COVID-19. Implications Improved quality of clinical coding for better case finding, improved quality of health information in data sources, data-sharing agreements, and increased EHR coverage in the population can empower EHR-based COVID-19 surveillance systems.
Demographic Factors and Comorbid Conditions Related to Health Care Presentation Among Patients With Sinusitis
Authors: Salman Farhan M. , Dasgupta Raktima , Eldeirawi Kamal M. , Nyenhuis Sharmilee M. , Lee Victoria S. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundSocial determinants of health (SDOH) and comorbid conditions (CMCs) influence the setting of presentation for care; however, few studies have explored this relationship in the context of sinus disease.ObjectiveThis study aims to characterize the relationship of SDOH and CMCs with acuity of health care presentation setting in adults with sinusitis.MethodsA retrospective analysis based on medical records (demographics, visit types, and ICD-10 codes) of 1842 adult patients presenting with sinusitis to an urban academic medical center was conducted. Chi-square analysis was used to assess bivariate associations of SDOH (age, race/ethnicity, sex, insurance type, and employment status) and CMCs (depression, body mass index [BMI], allergy, and gastroesophageal reflux disease [GERD]) with high-acuity visit types—including emergency department (ED) and inpatient visits. Multivariable binary logistic regression was performed to examine the adjusted associations between SDOH and high-acuity visits.ResultsThe sample's mean age was 46.8 years, with 68.5% females and 31.5% males. In adjusted models, the odds of high-acuity visit presentation was higher for males than females (odds ratio [OR]: 1.57; confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–2.01); non-Hispanic Blacks (OR: 2.21; CI: 1.58–3.09) as well as Hispanics/Latinos (OR: 2.10; CI:1.43–3.08) than Whites; unemployed (OR: 1.90; CI: 1.47–2.46.) than employed. Age was positively associated with high-acuity presentation. While GERD was associated with increased odds of high-acuity presentation (OR: 2.80; CI: 1.64–4.78), BMI, allergy, and depression did not have a statistically significant association with these visit types. These associations were independent of insurance coverage, which was not statistically associated with high-acuity visits.ConclusionSDOH and CMCs were associated with high-acuity healthcare presentation in adults with sinusitis. While this study highlights how SDOH affect healthcare usage patterns among people with sinusitis, further investigation is needed to identify and address the causes of these patterns.
Unsupervised Clustering of Olfactory Phenotypes
Authors: Schlosser Rodney J. , Dubno Judy R. , Eckert Mark A. , Benitez Andreana M. , Gregoski Matthew , Ramakrishnan Viswanathan , Matthews Lois , Soler Zachary M. 
Published: July 2022

Background Current clinical classifications of olfactory function are based primarily upon a percentage of correct answers in olfactory identification testing. This simple classification provides little insight into etiologies of olfactory loss, associated comorbidities, or impact on the quality of life (QOL). Methods Community-based subjects underwent olfactory psychophysical testing using Sniffin Sticks to measure threshold (T), discrimination (D), and identification (I). The cognitive screening was performed using Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE). Unsupervised clustering was performed based upon T, D, I, and MMSE. Post hoc differences in demographics, comorbidities, and QOL measures were assessed. Results Clustering of 219 subjects, mean age 51 years (range 20-93 years) resulted in 4 unique clusters. Cluster 1 was the largest and predominantly younger normosmics. Cluster 2 had the worst olfaction with impairment in nearly all aspects of olfaction and decreased MMSE scores. This cluster had higher rates of smoking, heart disease, and cancer and had the worst olfactory-specific QOL. Cluster 3 had normal MMSE with relative preservation of D and I, but severely impaired T. This cluster had higher rates of smoking and heart disease with moderately impaired QOL. Cluster 4 was notable for the worst MMSE scores, but general preservation of D and I with moderate loss of T. This cluster had higher rates of Black subjects, diabetes, and viral/traumatic olfactory loss. Conclusion Unsupervised clustering based upon detailed olfactory testing and cognitive testing results in clinical phenotypes with unique risk factors and QOL impacts. These clusters may provide additional information regarding etiologies and subsequent therapies to treat olfactory loss.
A simulation-based analysis of the effects of variable prosthesis stiffness on interface dynamics between the prosthetic socket and residual limb
Authors: McGeehan Michael A , Adamczyk Peter G , Nichols Kieran M , Hahn Michael E 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Loading of a residual limb within a prosthetic socket can cause tissue damage such as ulceration. Computational simulations may be useful tools for estimating tissue loading within the socket, and thus provide insights into how prosthesis designs affect residual limb-socket interface dynamics. The purpose of this study was to model and simulate residual limb-socket interface dynamics and evaluate the effects of varied prosthesis stiffness on interface dynamics during gait. Methods: A spatial contact model of a residual limb-socket interface was developed and integrated into a gait model with a below-knee amputation. Gait trials were simulated for four subjects walking with low, medium, and high prosthesis stiffness settings. The effects of prosthesis stiffness on interface kinematics, normal pressure, and shear stresses were evaluated. Results: Model-predicted values were similar to those reported previously in sensor-based experiments; increased stiffness resulted in greater average normal pressure and shear stress ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: These methods may be useful to aid experimental studies by providing insights into the effects of varied prosthesis design parameters or gait conditions on residual limb-socket interface dynamics. The current results suggest that these effects may be subject-specific.