bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of butyrylcholinesterase in the regulation of cognitive dysfunction in minimal hepatic encephalopathy: A potential blood marker of disease evolution
Authors: Yang Xuhong , Dang Pei , Liu Wenxiao , Ma Wanlong , Ge Xin , Zhu Kai , Wang Minglei , Huang Xueying , Ding Xiangchun , Wang Xiaodong 
Published: October 2022

Background and aimsPatients with cirrhosis commonly experience minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE), and alterations in neurotransmitters have been thought to be related to cognitive function. However, the relationship between alterations in peripheral and central butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) with MHE disease progression remains unknown. As such, this study was designed to investigate potential changes in peripheral and central BuChE activity and their effects on cognitive function in the context of MHE.Materials and methodsWe enrolled 43 patients with cirrhosis secondary to hepatitis B, 20 without MHE and 23 with MHE, and 25 with healthy controls (HC). All the selected subjects underwent resting-state functional MRI, and the original images were processed to obtain the regional homogeneity (ReHo) brain maps. Thereafter, the correlation of BuChE activity with ReHo, number connection test of type A (NCT-A), and digital symbol test (DST) scores with MHE patients were analyzed using Person correlation analysis. Meanwhile, we purchased 12 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and divided them into an experimental group (n = 6) and a control group (n = 6). The rats in the experimental group were intraperitoneally injected with thioacetamide (TAA) to prepare MHE model rats. After modeling, we used the Morris water maze (MWM) and elevated plus maze (EPM) to assess the cognition function and exploratory behavior of all rats. The activity of serum, hippocampus, and frontal lobe tissue BuChE was detected by ELISA.ResultsBuChE activity gradually decreased among the HC, patients with cirrhosis, and MHE groups (all P &lt; 0.01). We observed a linear correlation between serum BuChE and NCT-A and DST scores in MHE patients (all P &lt; 0.01). We noted that BuChE activity can negatively correlate with ReHo values in the left middle temporal gyrus and left inferior temporal gyrus, and positively correlate with ReHo values in the right inferior frontal gyrus, and also found that the peripheral BuChE activity of MHE rats was significantly lower than their control counterparts, and the BuChE activity in frontal lobe extracts was significantly higher than the control rats (all P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThe altered activity of BuChE may contribute to cognitive impairment in MHE patients, which may be a potential biomarker of disease evolution in the context of MHE.
Effect of treatment zone decentration on axial length growth after orthokeratology
Authors: Zhang Shuxian , Zhang Hui , Li Lihua , Yang Xiaoyan , Li Shumao , Li Xuan 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo study the effect of treatment zone (TZ) decentration on axial length growth (ALG) in adolescents after wearing the orthokeratology lenses (OK lenses).Materials and methodsThis retrospective clinical study selected 251 adolescents who were fitted OK lenses at the Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University (Tianjin, China) from January 2018–December 2018 and wore them continuously for &gt;12 months. The age of the subjects was 8–15 years, spherical equivalent (SE): −1.00 to −5.00 diopter (D), and astigmatism ≤ 1.50 D. The corneal topography were recorded at baseline and 1-, 6-, and 12-month visits, and the axial length (AL) were recorded at baseline and 6-, 12-month visits. The data of the right eye were collected for statistical analysis.ResultsThe subjects were divided into three groups according to the decentration distance of the TZ after wearing lenses for 1 month: 56 cases in the mild (&lt;0.5 mm), 110 in the moderate (0.5–1.0 mm), and 85 in the severe decentration group (&gt;1.0 mm). A significant difference was detected in the ALG between the three groups after wearing lenses for 6 and 12 months (F = 10.223, P &lt; 0.001; F = 13.380, P &lt; 0.001, respectively). Among these, the 6- and 12-month ALG of the mild decentration group was significantly higher than that of the other two groups. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that age, baseline SE, and 1-month decentration distance associated with the 12-month ALG (P &lt; 0.001, P &lt; 0.001, and P = 0.001, respectively).ConclusionThe decentration of the TZ of the OK lens affected the growth of the AL in adolescents, i.e., the greater the decentration, the slower the ALG.
A damage-associated molecular patterns-related gene signature for the prediction of prognosis and immune microenvironment in children stage III acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Zhao Feng , Lin Qiuyu , Xiang Xiayu , Xiang Wei 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundImmunogenic cell death (ICD)-mediated immune response provides a strong rationale to overcome immune evasion in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). ICD will produce damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in tumor microenvironment. However, there are few studies on the application of DAMPs-related molecular subtypes in clinically predicting stage III of ALL prognosis. The current study is to identify the DAMPs-associated genes and their molecular subtypes in the stage III of ALL and construct a reliable risk model for prognosis as well as exploring the potential immune-related mechanism.Materials and methodsWe used Target and EBI database for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis of the stage III pediatric ALL samples. Three clusters were identified based on a consistent clustering analysis. By using Cox regression and LASSO analysis, we determined DEGs that attribute to survival benefit. In addition, the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify potential molecular pathways regulated by the DAMPs-related gene signatures. ESTIMATE was employed for evaluating the composition of immune cell populations.ResultsA sum of 146 DAMPs-associated DEGs in ALL were determined and seven transcripts among them were selected to establish a risk model. The DAMPs-associated gene signature significantly contributed to worse prognosis in the high-risk group. We also found that the high-risk group exhibited low immune cell infiltration and high expression of immune checkpoints.ConclusionIn summary, our study showed that the DAMPs-related DEGs in the stage III of children ALL could be used to predict their prognosis. The risk model of DAMPs we established may be more sensitive to immunotherapy prediction.
Huoxue Qingre decoction used for treatment of coronary heart disease network analysis and metabolomic evaluation
Authors: Tan Yu-Qing , Jin Min , He Xuan-Hui , Chen Heng-Wen 
Published: October 2022

Objective: Network pharmacology provides new methods and references for the research of traditional Chinese medicine, but some problems remain, such as single evaluation components and index methods, imperfect relevant databases, unscientific prediction results, and lack of verification of results. Herein, we used a modified network pharmacology research method to explore the potential network analysis mechanism of Huoxue Qingre decoction in the treatment of coronary heart disease and utilized clinical trials for assessment.Methods: Based on literature research, the targets corresponding to the drug were obtained with the assistance of the TCMSP database and Swiss Target Prediction, and the target proteins were corrected using the UniProt database. The targets related to coronary heart disease was obtained through the GeneCards database. A protein-protein interaction network diagram was constructed, and a “component-intersection target” network diagram was drawn based on Cytoscape 3.6.2 software. The mapped targets were imported into the DAVID bioinformatics platform, which underwent Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, and the network pharmacology prediction results were evaluated through clinical trials.Results: We obtained 151 compounds related to Huoxue Qingre decoction, 286 genes after evaluation and deduplication, and 426 genes related to coronary heart disease. Finally, 81 common target genes were obtained with 32 pathways according to the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The validation results of the clinical trials showed that a total of 98 differential metabolites were found in the treatment of coronary heart disease with Huoxue Qingre decoction, involving a total of 16 metabolic pathways. Compared with the network pharmacology prediction results, it was found that only the pathways in cancer (hsa05200) were the common pathways in the top 32 signaling pathways predicted by network pharmacology. The expanded network pharmacology prediction results revealed that the sphingolipid signaling pathway (hsa04071) and prostate cancer pathway (hsa05215) matched the predicted metabolic pathways, with differential metabolites of N-oleoyl-D-sphingomyelin and 1-methyl-6-phenyl-1h-imidazole[4,5-b]pyridine-2-amine.Conclusion: Through the network analysis and metabolomic evaluation, there may be three signaling pathways that involve the Huoxue Qingre decoction in the treatment of coronary heart disease: pathways in cancer (hsa05200), sphingolipid signaling pathway (hsa04071), and prostate cancer pathway (hsa05215).
The median effective concentration of propofol in combination with different doses of esketamine during gastrointestinal endoscopy in adults
Authors: Feng Miaomiao , Shi Gaoxiang , Cui Wenjing , Zhang Ning , Xie Qipeng , Zhang Weiwei 
Published: October 2022

We designed a four-arm randomized controlled trial to investigate the median effective concentration (EC50) of propofol in combination with different doses of esketamine inducing appropriate depth of anaesthesia during gastrointestinal endoscopy in adults. One hundred patients aged 18–65 years planning for gastrointestinal endoscopy were divided into four groups randomly: esketamine 0, 0.15, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg groups (n = 25). Propofol doses followed the Dixon and Massey up-and-down method with different starting between groups. The primary endpoint was the EC50 of propofol. Secondary outcomes included the cumulative dose of propofol, the duration of the procedure, recovery time, and adverse effects. The EC50 (median, 95% confidence interval) of propofol was significantly less in the esketamine 0.5 mg/kg group compared with the esketamine 0, 0.15, and 0.25 mg/kg groups [1.34 (1.15, 1.54) vs. 3.48 (3.25, 3.71), 2.82 (2.58, 3.07), and 2.36 (2.11, 2.61), respectively; p &lt; 0.001]. The total dose of propofol (mean ± SD) required for the whole procedure was significantly less in the esketamine 0.5 mg/kg group compared with the esketamine 0, 0.15, and 0.25 mg/kg groups [95.5 ± 43.1 vs. 277.4 ± 49.0, 207.8 ± 31.6, and 135.1 ± 27.7, respectively; p &lt; 0.001]. The recovery time was significantly longer in esketamine 0 and 0.5 mg/kg group compared with other two groups (p &lt; 0.001). More patients in the esketamine 0.5 mg/kg group experienced visual disturbance compared with the other groups (p = 0.016). Additionally, the incidence of hypotensionin the esketamine 0 mg/kg group after inducation was higher compared with other groups (p &lt; 0.001). In summary, the administration of esketamine significantly and dose-dependently reduced the dose of propofol required to accomplish procedures.
Cluster decays of 12Be excited states
Authors: Vukman Nikola , Soić Neven , Freer Martin , Alcorta Martin , Connolly Devin , Čolović Petra , Davinson Thomas , Di Pietro Alessia , Lennarz Annika , Psaltis Athanasios , Ruiz Chris , Uroić Milivoj , Williams Matthew 
Published: October 2022

An experimental study of the helium-cluster decays of the 12Be excited states has been performed using the 9Li + 7Li → α + α + 8He and 9Li + 7Li → α + 6He + 6He reactions at the 9Li beam energy of 74.8 MeV. At excitation energies between 10 and 25 MeV, the 12Be excited states decaying into the 4He + 8He, 6He + 6He, and 6He + 6He*(1.8 MeV, Jπ = 2+) have been observed. Most of the observed states decaying into the 4He + 8He and 6He + 6He correspond to previously reported states. The decay to the 6He + 6He*(1.8 MeV, Jπ = 2+) channel has been observed for the first time. Two of the five states observed in this new decay channel are also observed in the ground state channel 6He + 6He, while two may correspond to the 4He + 8He decaying states. The states around 13.5 and 20.0 MeV decay to the 6He + 6He and 4He + 8He channels, while the state around 22.3 MeV decays into all three decay channels examined. This experiment is complementary to all previous studies of the 12Be cluster states because of the different reaction mechanisms used for the population of the 12Be cluster states. The observation of the states at high excitations with these exotic decay properties strongly supports the molecular structure of the 12Be excited states.
Comparison of three cognitive assessment methods in post-stroke aphasia patients
Authors: Yan Zhijie , Xu Shuo , Wei Dongshuai , He Xinyuan , Li Chong , Zhang Yongli , Chen Mengye , Zhang Jingna , Li Xiaofang , Yang Qing , Jia Jie 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundThe cognitive level of post-stroke aphasia (PSA) patients is generally lower than non-aphasia patients, and cognitive impairment (CI) affects the outcome of stroke. However, for different types of PSA, what kind of cognitive assessment methods to choose is not completely clear. We investigated the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Non-language-based Cognitive Assessment (NLCA) to observe the evaluation effect of CI in patients with fluent aphasia (FA) and non-fluent aphasia (NFA).Methods92 stroke patients were included in this study. Demographic and clinical data of the stroke group were documented. The language and cognition were evaluated by Western Aphasia Battery (WAB), MoCA, MMSE, and NLCA. PSA were divided into FA and NFA according to the Chinese aphasia fluency characteristic scale. Pearson’s product–moment correlation coefficient test and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to explore the relationship between the sub-items of WAB and cognitive scores. The classification rate of CI was tested by Pearson’s Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test.ResultsThe scores of aphasia quotient (AQ), MoCA, MMSE, and NLCA in NFA were lower than FA. AQ was positively correlated with MoCA, MMSE, and NLCA scores. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis suggested that naming explained 70.7% of variance of MoCA and 79.9% of variance of MMSE; comprehension explained 46.7% of variance of NLCA. In the same type of PSA, there was no significant difference in the classification rate. The classification rate of CI in NFA by MoCA and MMSE was higher than that in FA. There was no significant difference in the classification rate of CI between FA and NFA by NLCA.ConclusionMoCA, MMSE, and NLCA can be applied in FA. NLCA is recommended for NFA.
Managing treatment resistance in schizophrenia: A joint study in Hong Kong and Singapore
Authors: Zheng Shushan , Chan Sherry Kit Wa , Lee Jimmy 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThis study surveyed clinicians in psychiatry in Hong Kong and Singapore to understand their familiarity and prescribing practices in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) and clozapine-resistant schizophrenia (CRS).Materials and methodsAll clinicians in psychiatry in both regions were invited through email to participate in an anonymous online survey. The survey collected information on the participants’ characteristics, their familiarity and experience with clozapine use, and their treatment practices in TRS and CRS. Data collection took place between September 2019 and February 2020 in Hong Kong and December 2018 and March 2019 in Singapore.Results261 clinicians responded to the survey, with response rates of 19% (105 out of 556 participants) in Hong Kong and 50% (156 out of 309 participants) in Singapore. The majority of respondents (99.0% in Hong Kong; 87.9% in Singapore) were familiar with treatment guidelines for TRS. However, approximately half (54.2% in Hong Kong; 41.7% in Singapore) delayed the prescription of clozapine when indicated. In terms of alternatives to clozapine, approximately half or more of the clinicians in both regions would use high dose antipsychotics, long-acting injectable antipsychotics, antipsychotic polypharmacy, while the adjuvant use of mood stabilizers and electroconvulsive therapy differed between the two regions. In those with CRS, between 10 and 20% of the respondents added adjuvant mood stabilizers or antipsychotics, and 3-10% would use an antidepressant.ConclusionClozapine delays occur in spite of clinicians’ familiarity with treatment guidelines. More research is needed to guide the use of augmentation strategies and the search for effective treatments beyond clozapine.
Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health, daily and occupational activities of pediatric otolaryngologists in Latin America
Authors: Peñaranda Augusto , Moreno-López Sergio , Peñaranda Daniel , Pérez-Herrera Lucía C. 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundOtolaryngologists have a higher risk of physical/psychological problems due to their frequent exposure to SARS-CoV-2. There is no information about the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of these specialists in low/middle-income countries from Latin America. This study aimed to assess the frequency of anxiety, depression, and stress, as well as the changes in occupational and daily activities due to the COVID-19 pandemic in a group of pediatric otolaryngologists in Latin America.MethodsObservational, cross-sectional study conducted between October and December 2020. Mental health tools such as the Generalized Anxiety Disorder−7, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Perceived Stress Scale-10 were applied. Fear to COVID-19 scale and questionnaires about occupational and daily activities were also applied.ResultsAmong 55 pediatric otolaryngologists, the frequency of anxiety, depression, and stress were 67.3%, 45.5, and 40%, respectively. Up to 27.3% of the specialists reported moderate to severe symptoms of anxiety, while 7.3 and 40% presented moderate depression and stress symptoms. The specialists reported a reduction of 58.3% of their consultations, as well as a 51.7% reduction in their monthly income compared to the same period before the pandemic. Up to 14.6% of the specialists expect to incorporate long-term (&gt;1 year) drastic changes in their daily activities due to the pandemic.ConclusionsThe frequency of anxiety, depression, and stress was high among pediatric otolaryngologists in Latin America compared to previous studies performed in high-income countries. Further research on these psychological outcomes is needed to achieve early mental health strategies.
The impact of Otago exercise programme on the prevention of falls in older adult: A systematic review
Authors: Yang Yi , Wang Kun , Liu Hengxu , Qu Jiawei , Wang Yan , Chen Peijie , Zhang TingRan , Luo Jiong 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo improve the quality of life of older adult in their later years, by increasing the physical activity participation of older adult, the occurrence of falls accident scores in older adult can be prevented. This paper comprehensively summarizes the origin, development, participation forms, and fitness effects of the Otago exercise program (OEP).MethodsUsing PubMed, web of science, CNKI, dimensional spectrum, and other databases, search for research papers from 2005 to April 2021 by using keywords such as Otago project exercise; aged, Fall; Cognitive function, Balance ability, Lower limb strength, Fall efficiency, and so on. PEDro Scale was used to check the quality of the literatures.ResultsA total of 34 papers were included after searching for kinds of literature related to the subject of this paper and after careful review by researchers.ConclusionsOtago exercise programme is beneficial to improve the cognitive function of older adult, enhance their lower limb muscle strength and dynamic and static balance ability, and then improve the gait stability and posture control ability of older adult, which has significant positive benefits for the prevention of falls in older adult. OEP is helpful to improve the falling efficiency of older adult, help older adult overcome the fear of falling, and form a positive emotion of “exercise improves exercise,” to reduce the harm caused by sedentary behavior and the incidence of depression and improve their subjective wellbeing. Although OEP has significant positive effects on improving the health and physical fitness of older adult, preventing falls, and restoring clinical function, the corresponding neural mechanism for preventing falls is not very clear. At the same time, how OEP can be combined with emerging technologies to maximize its benefits needs to be further discussed in the future.
Emergency Peripartum Hysterectomy at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital in Oman. Nine years’ study
Authors: Abu-Heija Adel , Al-Bash Majeda 
Published: October 2022

Objective: To study risk factors, incidence, indications, maternal and perinatal complications of women who underwent emergency peripartum hysterectomy (EPH) at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) in Oman.
Method: This is a retrospective study, in which all cases EPH performed at SQUH between January 2007 and December 2016 were reviewed.
Results: During the 9 years study period, there were 18 cases of EPH; the total number of deliveries during the same period was 32,963, so the incidence of EPH was 0.55 per 1,000 deliveries. Of all cases of EPH, 13 cases (72.2%) were cesarean hysterectomy compared with 5 cases (27.8%) were postpartum hysterectomy. Twelve cases (66.7%) were total hysterectomy while 6 cases (33.3%) were subtotal hysterectomy. The most common risk factor for EPH was placenta previa and accrete with previous cesarean section (CS) (27.6%); followed by previous CS without placenta previa (24.1%). The most common indication for EPH was placenta previa and accreta (44.4%), and previous CS (16.7%). During the study period, there was only one case of maternal death (5.6%). There were no cases of stillbirths or early neonatal deaths. There were 4 cases of bladder injury (22.2%). Women aged between 35-34 years and para > 5 had the highest incidence of EPH (50.0%).
Conclusion: To reduce the incidence of EPH and its catastrophic consequences, we need to identify high-risk cases ante-natally and potential cases for EPH should be booked early during pregnancy and managed during pregnancy and delivery at a tertiary hospital by an experienced team.