bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mac‐2‐binding protein glycan isomer predicts all malignancies after sustained virological response in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Kawata Kazuhito , Atsukawa Masanori , Ohta Kazuyoshi , Chida Takeshi , Noritake Hidenao , Arai Taeang , Iwakiri Katsuhiko , Yasuda Satoshi , Toyoda Hidenori , Okubo Tomomi , Hiraoka Atsushi , Watanabe Tsunamasa , Uojima Haruki , Nozaki Akito , Tani Joji , Morishita Asahiro , Kageyama Fujito , Sasada Yuzo , Nagasawa Masamichi , Matsushita Masahiro , Oyaizu Tatsuki , Mikami Shigeru , Ikegami Tadashi , Abe Hiroshi , Matsuura Kentaro , Tanaka Yasuhito , Tsubota Akihito 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Despite reports of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection after achieving sustained virological response (SVR), only few studies have demonstrated the incidence of other (non‐HCC) malignancies. This study aimed to clarify the incidence, survival probability, and factors associated with malignancy, especially non‐HCC malignancies, in patients with chronic HCV infection after achieving SVR. In this retrospective study, records of 3580 patients with chronic HCV infection who achieved SVR following direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) treatment were analyzed. The cumulative post‐SVR incidence of non‐HCC malignancies was 0.9%, 3.1%, and 6.8% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. The survival probability for patients with non‐HCC malignancies was 99.1%, 78.8%, and 60.2% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively, and the rate was significantly lower than that for patients with HCC. The Cox proportional hazards regression model identified Mac‐2‐binding protein glycan isomer (M2BPGi) cutoff index (COI) ≥ 1.90 at baseline and ≥ 1.50 at 12 weeks following DAA treatment as significant and independent factors associated with the post‐SVR incidence of non‐HCC malignancies. Furthermore, patients with either M2BPGi COI ≥ 1.90 at baseline or M2BPGi COI ≥ 1.50 at SVR12 had a significantly higher risk of post‐SVR incidence of non‐HCC malignancies than of HCC. Conclusion: M2BPGi measurements at baseline and SVR12 may help predict the post‐SVR incidence of non‐HCC malignancies in patients with chronic HCV infection who achieved SVR following DAA treatment. Early identification of these patients is critical to prolong patient survival.
Ablation of high‐mobility group box‐1 in the liver reduces hepatocellular carcinoma but causes hyperbilirubinemia in Hippo signaling‐deficient mice
Authors: Athavale Dipti , Song Zhuolun , Desert Romain , Han Hui , Das Sukanta , Ge Xiaodong , Komakula Sai Santosh Babu , Chen Wei , Gao Shenglan , Lantvit Daniel , Guzman Grace , Nieto Natalia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Silencing the Hippo kinases mammalian sterile 20‐like 1 and 2 (MST1/2) activates the transcriptional coactivator yes‐associated protein (YAP) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatocyte‐derived high‐mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1) regulates YAP expression; however, its contribution to HCC in the context of deregulated Hippo signaling is unknown. Here, we hypothesized that HMGB1 is required for hepatocarcinogenesis by activating YAP in Hippo signaling‐deficient (Mst1/2
ΔHep) mice. Mst1/2
ΔHep mice developed HCC within 3.5 months of age and had increased hepatic expression of HMGB1 and elevated YAP activity compared to controls. To understand the contribution of HMGB1, we generated Mst1/2&Hmgb1
ΔHep mice. They exhibited decreased YAP activity, cell proliferation, inflammation, fibrosis, atypical ductal cell expansion, and HCC burden at 3.5 months compared to Mst1/2
∆Hep mice. However, Mst1/2&Hmgb1
ΔHep mice were smaller, developed hyperbilirubinemia, had more liver injury with intrahepatic biliary defects, and had reduced hemoglobin compared to Mst1/2
ΔHep mice. Conclusion: Hepatic HMGB1 promotes hepatocarcinogenesis by regulation of YAP activity; nevertheless, it maintains intrahepatic bile duct physiology under Hippo signaling deficiency.
Computational profiling of natural compounds as promising inhibitors against the spike proteins of SARS‐CoV‐2 wild‐type and the variants of concern, viral cell‐entry process, and cytokine storm in COVID‐19
Authors: Kar Pallab , Saleh‐E‐In Md. Moshfekus , Jaishee Nishika , Anandraj Akash , Kormuth Emil , Vellingiri Balachandar , Angione Claudio , Rahman Pattanathu K. S. M. , Pillay Suntheren , Sen Arnab , Naidoo Devashan , Roy Ayan , Choi Yong E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe continuous spread and evolution of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), and the rapid surge in infection cases in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) evoke a dire need for effective therapeutics. In this study, we explored the inhibitory potential of a library of 605 phytocompounds, selected from Indian medicinal plants with reported antiviral and anti‐inflammatory activities, against the receptor‐binding domain of spike proteins of the SARS‐CoV‐2 wild‐type and the variants of concern, including variants B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (Gamma), B.1.617.2 (Delta), and B.1.1.529 (Omicron). Our approach was based on extensive molecular docking, assessment of drug‐likeness, and robust molecular dynamics simulations. We also identified promising inhibitory candidates against the host (human) proteins associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 spike activation and attachment, namely, ACE2 receptor, proteases TMPRSS2 and CTSL, and the endocytic regulator AAK1. In addition, we screened promising inhibitory compounds against the human proinflammatory cytokines‐ IL‐6, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and IFN‐γ, that are associated with the adverse cytokine storm in COVID‐19 patients. Our analysis returned an encouraging list of promising inhibitory candidates that includes: abietatriene against the spike proteins of the SARS‐CoV‐2 wild‐type and the variants of concern; taraxerol against the human ACE2, CTSL and TNF‐α; β‐amyrin against the human TMPRSS2; cynaroside against the human AAK1 and IL‐1β; and friedelin against the human IL‐6 and IFN‐γ. Our findings provide substantial evidence for the inhibitory potential of these compounds and encourage further in vitro and in vivo studies to validate their use as safe and effective therapeutics against COVID‐19.
Bayesian deep learning–based1H‐MRSof the brain: Metabolite quantification with uncertainty estimation using Monte Carlo dropout
Authors: Lee Hyeong Hun , Kim Hyeonjin 
Published: March 2022

PurposeTo develop a Bayesian convolutional neural network (BCNN) with Monte Carlo dropout sampling for metabolite quantification with simultaneous uncertainty estimation in deep learning–based proton MRS of the brain.MethodsHuman brain spectra were simulated using basis spectra for 17 metabolites and macromolecules (N = 100 000) at 3.0 Tesla. In addition, actual in vivo spectra (N = 5) were modified by adjusting SNR and linewidth with increasing severity of spectral degradation (N = 50). A BCNN was trained on the simulated spectra to generate a noise‐free, line‐narrowed, macromolecule signal‐removed, metabolite‐only spectrum from a typical human brain spectrum. At inference, each input spectrum was Monte Carlo dropout sampled (50 times), and the resulting mean spectrum and variance spectrum were used for metabolite quantification and uncertainty estimation, respectively.ResultsUsing the simulated spectra, the mean absolute percent errors of the BCNN‐predicted metabolite content were < 10% for Cr, Glu, Gln, mI, NAA, and Tau (< 5% for Glu, NAA, and mI). For all metabolites, the correlations (r's) between the ground‐truth error and BCNN‐predicted uncertainty ranged 0.72–0.94 (0.83 ± 0.06;p < 0.001). Using the modified in vivo spectra, the extent of variation in the estimated metabolite content against the increasing severity of spectral degradation tended to be smaller with BCNN than with linear combination of model spectra (LCModel). Overall, the variation in metabolite content tended to be more highly correlated with the uncertainty from BCNN than with the Cramér‐Rao lower‐bounds from LCModel (0.938 ± 0.019 vs. 0.881 ± 0.057 [p = 0.115]).ConclusionThe BCNN with Monte Carlo dropout sampling may be used in deep learning–based MRS for the estimation of uncertainty in the machine‐predicted metabolite content, which is important in the clinical application of deep learning–based MRS.
A copula‐based approach on optimal allocation of hot standbys in series systems
Authors: Zhang Jiandong , Zhang Yiying 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a copula‐based approach to study the allocation problem of hot standbys in series systems composed of two heterogeneous and dependent components. By assuming that the lifetimes of components and spares are dependent and linked via a general survival copula, optimal allocation strategies are presented for the case of one and two redundancies at the component level. Further, redundancies allocation mechanisms are also compared between the allocations at the component level and the system level. For the case of one hot standby, we find that the performance of the redundant system at the component level is always worse than that at the system level. For the case of two hot standbys, the reversed allocation principle (i.e., Barlow–Proschan principle) is valid. Numerical examples and applications are also provided as illustrations. A real application on improving tensile strength of cables in high voltage electricity transmission network systems is presented for showing the applicability of our results.
Gender integration and elementary‐age students' classroom belongingness: The importance of other‐gender peers
Authors: Martin Carol Lynn , Xiao Sonya Xinyue , DeLay Dawn , Hanish Laura D. , Fabes Richard A. , Morris Stacy , Oswalt Krista 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMost US students attend coeducational classes, but to what extent do students feel integrated into the entire classroom of their peers, especially with other‐gender (OG) peers? The major goal of this study was to investigate how variations in gender integration (GI), measured by students' expectancies about inclusion, efficacy, and social costs of interacting with OG peers, predicted school liking and classroom supportiveness over an academic year, using a short‐term longitudinal design. We also explored how students' expectancies changed over the year. Participants included elementary school students (515 school‐age children; 51% boys, Mage = 9.08 years, SD = 1.00; 3–5th grade; 26 classrooms). A two‐wave latent change score model showed that changes over the year varied depending on the type of expectancy, grade, and gender, with decreases in inclusion and efficacy for boys. Longitudinal path analyses conducted to assess whether GI expectancies predicted school belongingness showed that students' levels of OG inclusion in the Fall uniquely predicted changes in levels of school liking and classroom community over the year, even with many controls in the model. The findings demonstrate that students' relationships with OG peers matter for having a sense of belonging in school, and educators should support and encourage these relationships.
Reachable set bounding for discrete‐time nonlinear positive systems with time‐varying delay and disturbance
Authors: Zhu Xingao , Liu Shutang , Sun Yuangong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article studies the problem of reachable set bounding for the discrete‐time nonlinear positive systems with time‐varying delay and disturbance for the first time. Discrete‐time nonlinear positive systems whose vector fields are homogeneous of degree greater than one and order preserving are discussed. By using a novel technique which does not involve the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional approach, necessary and sufficient criteria are established to guarantee all the state trajectories of the system converge exponentially within a special ball. Moreover, we extend the main results to general nonlinear time‐varying systems with disturbance. Finally, numerical examples well show the superiority of the obtained results.
Mingled Metal Oxides Catalyst for Direct Carbonylation of Glycerol into Glycerol Carbonate
Authors: Pandey Preeti H. , Pawar Hitesh S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe escalation of CO2 into the atmosphere has encouraged the development of sustainable pathways to produce materials and chemicals from CO2. In the present manuscript, an attempt has been made for direct carbonylation of glycerol into Glycerol carbonate (GC) by using CO2 over mingled metal oxide (MMO) catalyst. Several single, bi and trimetal oxides catalysts were explored for direct carbonylation of glycerol. Among the tested catalysts, Cu incorporated MMO showed the profound effect to obtain maximum glycerol conversion and GC selectively. However, a series of MMO catalysts with variable Cu loading were synthesized by simple co‐precipitation method and tested for direct carbonylation of glycerol. Of all tested Cu loaded MMO catalyst, 5 % Cu loaded MMO catalyst (CuO/CeO2/ZnO) showed highest GC selectivity (99 %). Furthermore, the process intensification study was conducted to investigate the influence of various reaction parameters on glycerol conversion and GC yield such as catalyst loading, temperature, CO2 pressure, time, and solvent concentration. The intensified process resulted into 57.4 % glycerol conversion with 57.2 % GC yield and 99.65 % selectivity. Moreover, the in‐depth physicochemical characterisations of the synthesised MMO catalyst were conducted by using various surface analytical techniques. The synthesised MMO has showed a synergistic and protagonistic effect for direct carbonylation of glycerol. The recyclability study was performed to examine the robustness and efficency of the MMO catalyst that showed the consistency in the GC yield, conversion and selectivity without any significant loss after six consecutive runs. Also, the plausible reaction mechanism over MMO catalyst was proposed. The reported methodology has explored a simple, robust and efficient process for direct carbonylation of glycerol by using MMO catalyst with higher yield and selectivity of GC.
Ring‐Opening Copolymerization of Cyclic Anhydrides and Epoxides by bis(amidinate)tin(II) Complex via Binary Catalyst System
Authors: Thumrongpatanaraks Wipavee , Pongpanit Tanyawan , Chumsaeng Phongnarin , Jaenjai Tiphanan , Yimthachote Supajittra , Phomphrai Khamphee 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBis(amidinate) tin(II) complex (1) was reported as active catalyst for ring‐opening copolymerization of cyclic anhydrides and epoxides via a binary catalyst system. Polymerizations of six combinations of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides were carried out giving highly alternating poly(anhydride‐alt‐epoxide) with narrow dispersities, except for cyclohexene oxide where significant amount of ether linkage up to 62 % was observed. This ether linkages could be diminished by increasing the amount of cocatalyst to over 3 equiv. Six well‐known cocatalysts were screened where PPNCl was found to be the best cocatalyst.
Highly Strengthened and Toughened Zn–Li–Mn Alloys as Long‐Cycling Life and Dendrite‐Free Zn Anode for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yanyi , Yang Xinxin , Hu Yixuan , Hu Kailong , Lin Xi , Liu Xingjun , Reddy Kolan Madhav , Xie Guoqiang , Qiu Hua‐Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractZn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) using aqueous electrolyte, recently, have been a hot topic owing to the high safety, low cost, and high specific energy capacity. However, the formation of dendrite and side reactions on the Zn anode during cycling inhibit the application of ZIBs. An advanced Zn anode by alloying a small amount of Li and Mn with Zn is hereby reported. It is found that Li and Mn can form cationic ions which restrain lateral diffusion of Zn ions and regulate zinc electrodeposition through the electrostatic shield mechanism. As a result, the formation of Zn dendrite is greatly inhibited. This process also mitigates the formation of Zn‐based byproduct and Zn passivation. Consequently, the symmetric ZnLiMn/ZnLiMn cell presents a small overpotential of 30 mV at 1 mA cm–2, greatly enhanced cycling durability (1000 h at a current density of 1 mA cm–2), and a dendrite‐free morphology after cycles. Moreover, the authors find that the ZnLiMn alloy has greatly enhanced mechanical properties. The assembled ZnLiMn/MnO2 full cell can retain 96% capacity after 400 cycles at 1 C. Thus, the alloying low‐cost Li/Mn strategy is very promising for large‐scale production of dendrite‐free Zn electrode in rechargeable ZIBs.
Relaxed virtual memory in Armv8-A
Authors: Simner Ben , Armstrong Alasdair , Pichon-Pharabod Jean , Pulte Christopher , Grisenthwaite Richard , Sewell Peter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVirtual memory is an essential mechanism for enforcing security boundaries, but its relaxed-memory concurrency semantics has not previously been investigated in detail. The concurrent systems code managing virtual memory has been left on an entirely informal basis, and OS and hypervisor verification has had to make major simplifying assumptions.We explore the design space for relaxed virtual memory semantics in the Armv8-A architecture, to support future system-software verification. We identify many design questions, in discussion with Arm; develop a test suite, including use cases from the pKVM production hypervisor under development by Google; delimit the design space with axiomatic-style concurrency models; prove that under simple stable configurations our architectural model collapses to previous “user” models; develop tooling to compute allowed behaviours in the model integrated with the full Armv8-A ISA semantics; and develop a hardware test harness.This lays out some of the main issues in relaxed virtual memory bringing these security-critical systems phenomena into the domain of programming-language semantics and verification with foundational architecture semantics.
Estimating Worst-case Resource Usage by Resource-usage-aware Fuzzing
Authors: Chen Liqian , Huang Renjie , Luo Dan , Ma Chenghu , Wei Dengping , Wang Ji 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWorst-case resource usage provides a useful guidance in the design, configuration and deployment of software, especially when it runs under a context with limited amount of resources. Static resource-bound analysis can provide sound upper bounds of worst-case resource usage but may provide too conservative, even unbounded, results. In this paper, we present a resource-usage-aware fuzzing approach to estimate worst-case resource usage. The key idea is to guide the fuzzing process using resource-usage amount together with resource-usage relevant coverage. Moreover, we leverage semantic patch to make use of static analysis information (including control-flow, function-call, etc.) to instrument the original program, for the sake of aiding the subsequent fuzzing. We have conducted experiments to estimate worst-case resource usage of various resources in real-world programs, including heap memory, stack depths, sockets, user-defined resources, etc. The preliminary experimental results show the promising ability of our approach in estimating worst-case resource usage in real-world programs, compared with two state-of-the-art fuzzing tools (AFL and MemLock).
Efficacy and safety of CARTIGROW® in patients with articular cartilage defects of the knee joint: a four year prospective studys
Authors: Pathak Shirish , Chaudhary Deepak , Reddy K. Raghuveer , Acharya Kiran K. V. , Desai Sanjay M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Research shows autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is a promising treatment for articular cartilage lesions. In this study, we assessed mid-term efficacy and safety of gel-based ACI or autologous adult live cultured chondrocytes (CARTIGROW®) implantation in patients with cartilage defects of the knee joint.

Methods
In this prospective, open-label study, patients (19–38 years) with focal, international cartilage repair society grade III or IV articular cartilage defects of the knee joint were enroled at four centres across India from April 2015 to September 2015. Punch biopsy was conducted to harvest cartilage, from which chondrocytes were isolated and cultured, and the characterised chondrocytes were implanted into the cartilage defect. Key efficacy outcomes were assessed by quantitative changes in international knee documentation committee (IKDC), visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, and qualitative changes in magnetic resonance imaging at six months and four years from baseline.

Results
Of the14 patients enroled in the study, all patients completed the six month follow-up and 11 completed the four year follow-up. The IKDC score improved significantly from 32.84 ± 9.25 at baseline to 67.49 ± 13.03 at six months (mean difference [MD] 34.66 ± 13.00, p < 0.0001) and to 60.18 ± 10.33 at four years (MD 28.21 ± 15.14, p = 0.0001). The VAS score reduced from 72.00 ± 14.40 at baseline to 16.64 ± 17.03 at six months (MD 55.36 ± 24.50, p < 0.0001) and further to 12.72 ± 9.05 at four years (MD 62.09 ± 10.66, p < 0.0001). All patients showed improvement on MRI of the knee joint. No adverse events were reported.

Conclusion
Autologous adult live cultured chondrocytes (CARTIGROW®) implantation showed good mid-term efficacy in patients with cartilage defects of the knee joint with no side-effects.
A novel radiological method to evaluate the posterior tympanotomy depth for cochlear implantation: our experience in 257 patients
Authors: Mandour Mahmoud , Elfarargy Haitham H. , Lotfy Rasha , Elsheikh Mohamed N. , Barbara Maurizio , Elzayat Saad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to validate our novel proposed radiological evaluation of the posterior tympanotomy (PT) depth. This dimension represents the bone of the facial recess needed to be drilled to get access into the middle ear during cochlear implantation.

Methods
It was a retrospective observational study that included 257 patients who underwent cochlear implantation from July 2018 to April 2021 in tertiary referral institutions. Two physicians evaluated the preoperative HRCT to measure the PT depth in the oblique para-sagittal cut. On the other hand, two other physicians evaluated the unedited surgical videos to judge the PT depth and classified it into an ordinary PT or deep PT. Then, the preoperative radiological measurements were correlated with the intraoperative findings.

Results
The radiological PT depth ranged from 2.5 to 5.4 mm with a mean of 3.91 ± 0.886. Sixty-six patients had ordinary PT, and 191 patients had deep PT. Spearman’s correlation coefficient revealed a strong correlation between the preoperative radiological PT depth measurements and the intraoperative PT depth judgments (p value < 0.0001).

Conclusions
We created a novel radiological method to measure the posterior tympanotomy depth. This method was valid, reproducible, and reliable in the preoperative radiological evaluation of the PT depth with high sensitivity (91.71%), specificity (90.62%), and accuracy (91.44%). We also found a significant impact of the PT depth on the PT difficulty during cochlear implantation.