bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life Cycle Assessment in an Ecodesign Process: A Pedagogical Case Study
Authors: Leonardi S. , Perpignan C. , Eynard B. , Baouch Y. , Robin V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo face environmental requirements in the design area, it is crucial to work on the education of younger generation to sustainable design. But literature shows there is a growing need for both teachers and learners to develop pedagogical support to help the integration of sustainable concerns and tools in the education. This article focuses on Life Cycle Assessment in the scope of an ecodesign process. Through a case study, the aim is to illustrate it with firstly a succinct version of the LCA of an electric kettle and then suggestions of ecodesign strategies based on the outcomes of the LCA.
Project-Based Learning in Disaster Response: Designing Solutions with Sociotechnical Complexity
Authors: Rao V. , Dzombak R. , Dogruer D. , Agogino A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDesign education increasingly blends technology learning with sociotechnical challenges, but little is understood about how students simultaneously engage with both of these elements. In this preliminary study, we describe the results of two offerings of a design course focusing on disaster response at a major public research institution. We present a preliminary analysis of 52 students’ course reflections suggesting that sociotechnical challenges uniquely contextualize technology during project-based learning, presenting promising opportunities for future design education and research study.
Stories of Design Education: An Analysis of Practices and Competencies
Authors: Thandlam Sudhindra S. , He Y. , Blessing L. , Ahmad Khan S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUsing 61 stories from design educators from different countries, this paper presents (1) the design competencies being fostered at different levels of education, (2) the practices (approaches, techniques, methods and tools) used to facilitate teaching and learning, (3) the ‘non-design’ competencies being fostered, and (4) the impact of COVID 19. Our findings highlight design education is not only used to teach students how to design, but also to kindle productive attitudes, behaviours and mindsets that give them the ability to address a wide range of challenges.
Challenges and Opportunities in Remote Prototyping: A Case-Study during COVID-19
Authors: Martins Pacheco N. M. , Vazhapilli Sureshbabu A. , Dieckmann E. , Apud Bell M. , Green S. , Childs P. , Zimmermann M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCollaboration is common practice within design disciplines and beyond. Brainstorming, discussions, and prototyping tend to occur within the same physical space. The reduction of human interaction during the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted these practices. In this paper, we focus on the possibilities and challenges of remote prototyping of four student teams by combining a double diamond approach with tools to overcome remote work challenges. The results were analyzed to understand crucial tools, advantages, and obstacles. The key challenges and opportunities were then identified and examined.
Conceptual Design in Metalworking Microenterprises: An Empirical Study in Tanzania
Authors: Opiyo E. , Jagtap S. , Keshwani S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProduct design is a key aspect of human intelligence and creativity, attracting not only experts but also workers and self-employed without any formal design training. Although numerous people in developing countries design and manufacture simple products in metalworking microenterprises, there is very little systematic knowledge about their design process. This paper aims to fill this gap in design knowledge. We aim at investigating some aspects of design process in the metalworking microenterprises in Tanzania. The findings reveal how they identify needs, and generate and evaluate concepts.
Towards an Optimised Value Creation Network for Modular Investment Goods
Authors: Seidenberg T. , Disselkamp J.-P. , Schräder E. , Anacker H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCompanies are under increasing pressure from global competition while at the same they need to offer flexible products to meet individual customer requirements. Therefore, modularised capital goods are designed and manufactured to meet both challenges. This paper presents an approach to identify necessary changes in the production process and summarises the changes in the automotive and aerospace industries due to modularisation. Three key findings are identified: increased outsourcing potential, production in a value creation network with specialised manufacturers and joint investments.
Main Characteristics of Adaptive Façades
Authors: Voigt M. P. , Roth D. , Kreimeyer M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdaptive façades (AF), unlike conventional façades, respond to their environment to reduce energy consumption while increasing comfort. The planning of AF presents architects and engineers with a variety of challenges. One central challenge is the specification of the right planning goals in the early phases. This paper identifies in a systematic literature review the main characteristics which were crucial in previous realizations of AF. Due to the comprehensive approach it provides a reference for the goal definition of subsequent projects and the development of further methodical support.
Towards Sustainable Manufacturing with Industry 4.0: A Framework for the Textile Industry
Authors: Stulga P. , Whitfield R. I. , Love J. , Evans D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDue to increasing sustainability demands, textiles manufacturing, an industry that uses substantial amounts of natural resources, energy and labour, are facing tough challenges in the years ahead. One of the more overlooked concepts with great potential for sustainable manufacturing is Industry 4.0. This paper addresses how the textile industry is engaging with Industry 4.0 technologies and applications in the context of sustainable manufacturing. A proposal for an implementation framework is introduced based on a literature review within this field.
Evaluation of Engineering Changes Based on Variations from the Model of PGE – Product Generation Engineering in an Automotive Wiring Harness
Authors: Albers A. , Altner M. M. , Rapp S. , Valeh B. , Redinger H. , Winter R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEngineering change management is a central part of the product development process. This paper investigates how variations from the PGE - Product Generation Engineering can improve the evaluation of engineering changes from the wiring harness. Engineering changes that occur in an automotive wiring harness development process are analysed in a case study, evaluated in expert interviews with regard to the risk and effort connected to the implementation and compared to the types of variations. Additional influencing factors are discussed. The variations provide an indication on risk and effort.
Design Principles and Multi-Level Structures for Multi-Functional and Multi-Material Design
Authors: Fröhlich T. , Vietor T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMulti-functional design has high potential to overcome e.g. increasing weight and costs of products. However, the possible solution space for integrating functions is hardly manageable. This paper presents an approach to assist in the identification of multi-functional approaches. Therefore, hybrid design principles are developed that are combinable to complex structures including specific manufacturing routes. By this, multi-functional solutions can be provided on different resolutions in order to identify the most promising approach and position for the integration of additional functions.
Proto-Arch: Guidance Tool for Prototyping of Mechanical Systems at the Embodiment Design Phase
Authors: Gutiérrez Morales F. , Osorio Gómez G. , Córdoba Morales J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrototypes are a critical aid in the product development process, allowing designers translate concepts to reality. However, the execution of prototypes depends heavily on the designer experience, evidenced in research in the need of creating design support tools to establish a standard for a prototyping effort. To improve on these findings, the Proto-Arch is introduced as a partial result of creating a standard for executing prototypes in each product development phase based on the prototyping roles and purposes. Proto-Arch defines the prototyping activities in the embodiment design phase.
Methodical Approach for the Model-Based Development of Aircraft Cabin Product Families Under Consideration of Lightweight and Cost-Based Design
Authors: Hanna M. , Schwenke J. , Schwan L. , Krause D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAircraft cabin monuments must be optimized in terms of lightweight design, cost structure and variance. Model-based approaches support the aircraft data and help to modify them consistently during further development. In this paper, a holistic methodological approach for product families of aircraft cabin development is shown, which integrates lightweight and cost-efficient aspects, in addition to the variance focus. For this purpose, the development of cost-efficient and ligthweight optimized cabin modules is supported in a model-based way.
Lifecycle Option Selection in Early Design Stages Based on Degradation Model Evaluation
Authors: Inkermann D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractComponents of modern systems are characterised by differing lifetimes. The resulting lifetime heterogeneity (LTH) is a core criteria to determine life cycle options (LCO) for more sustainable products, e.g. by upgrading or reuse. Estimating the lifetimes is challenged by a lack of suitable degradation models (DM) describing the detrimental change performance of components during the use phase. This paper expands the state of the art in LCO selection by a method to evaluate fitness and sensitivity of DM based on the similarity of use cases, environments and operation profiles of the system.
Pure Vision-Based Motion Tracking for Data-Driven Design – A Simple, Flexible, and Cost-Effective Approach for Capturing Static and Dynamic Interactions
Authors: Johnston S. H. , Berg M. F. , Eikevåg S. W. , Ege D. N. , Kohtala S. , Steinert M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an exploratory case study where video-based pose estimation is used to analyse human motion to support data-driven design. It provides two example use cases related to design. Results are compared to ground truth measurements showing high correlation for the estimated pose, with an RMSE of 65.5 mm. The paper exemplifies how design projects can benefit from a simple, flexible, and cost-effective approach to capture human-object interactions. This also entails the possibility of implementing interaction and body capturing in the earliest stages of design, at minimal effort.
Density-Based Topology Optimization for a Defined External State of Stress in Individualized Endoprosthesis
Authors: Müller P. , Gembarski P. C. , Lachmayer R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEndoprosthesis are exposed to the risk of aseptic loosening. The design of the prosthesis shaft to achieve physiological force application is therefore of great importance. Additive manufacturing offers the potential to fabricate highly variable topologies, but challenges the designer with a large number of design variables. In this work, a method is developed to determine an optimized density topology that approximates a given mechanical stress state in the bone after implantation. For this purpose, a topology optimization of the density distribution of the implant is performed.
Methodology for Early Design Phase Cost and Performance Trade-Off Analysis of a New Variant in a Product Family
Authors: Schaffers M. , Rosseel E. , Burggraeve S. , Pelfrene J. , Gadeyne K. , Petré F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGiven the Industry 4.0 trend towards smaller lot sizes and large product families, there is a need to increase the design efficiency in terms of cost and lead time. Design decisions taken in the early or conceptual design phases are shown to have the greatest impact on the final product cost, however the choices and trade-offs are often made in an ad-hoc way. This paper presents a structured methodology for formalizing early stage product design knowledge, which is key for designing and evaluating new variants in a product family in the early stages of the design process.
Synthesising Computational Design Methods for a Human-Centred Design Framework
Authors: Urquhart L. , Wodehouse A. , Loudon B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper presents models that identify two “cultures” of computational design practice. By reviewing the established culture of computational optimization efforts and contrasting it with the emerging work integrating human-factors into these optimizations, this paper argues that there are sets of key assumptions, outputs and tools that can be synthesized for a generalizable understanding of computational design. Furthermore, this synthesis facilitates the identification of key tools suited to computational design efforts seeking to integrate the complex data associated with human-factors.
The Value of Information in Clustering Dense Matrices: When and How to Make Use of Information
Authors: Endress F. , Kipouros T. , Buker T. , Wartzack S. , Clarkson P. J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCharacterising a socio-technical system by its underlying structure is often achieved by cluster analyses and bears potentials for engineering design management. Yet, highly connected systems lack clarity when systematically searching for structures. At two stages in a clustering procedure (pre-processing and post-processing) modelled and external information were used to reduce ambiguity and uncertainty of clustering results. A holistic decision making on 1) which information, 2) when, and 3) how to use is discussed and considered inevitable to reliably cluster highly connected systems.
Patent Data for Engineering Design: A Review
Authors: Jiang S. , Sarica S. , Song B. , Hu J. , Luo J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPatent data have been utilized for engineering design research for long because it contains massive amount of design information. Recent advances in artificial intelligence and data science present unprecedented opportunities to mine, analyse and make sense of patent data to develop design theory and methodology. Herein, we survey the patent-for-design literature by their contributions to design theories, methods, tools, and strategies, as well as different forms of patent data and various methods. Our review sheds light on promising future research directions for the field.
Identification of Human and Organizational Key Design Factors for Digital Maturity – A Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Authors: Schneider M. , Hellweg T. , Menzefricke J. S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper examines how human and organizational factors need to be designed to achieve strong technological maturity of either the products or the production process. In a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fs/QCA), a combination of intensive training and strong worker participation is found to be associated with strong technological maturity in the two organizational contexts: firms with a strong entrepreneurial culture and in large firms oriented towards customer-oriented innovation. Overall, the paper uncovers designs or causal recipes for a successful digital transformation.
Inspirational Stimuli Improve Idea Fluency during Ideation: A Replication and Extension Study with Eye-Tracking
Authors: Dybvik H. , Abelson F. G. , Aalto P. , Goucher-Lambert K. , Steinert M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe replicate a design ideation experiment (Goucher-Lambert et al., 2019) with and without inspirational stimuli and extend data collection sources to eye-tracking and a think aloud protocol to provide new insights into generated ideas. Preliminary results corroborate original findings: inspirational stimuli have an effect on idea output and questionnaire ratings. Near and far inspirational stimuli increased participants’ idea fluency over time and were rated more useful than control. We further enable experiment reproducibility and provide publicly available data.
Comparing EEG Brain Power of Mechanical Engineers in 3D CAD Modelling from 2D and 3D Representations
Authors: Lukačević F. , Li S. , Becattini N. , Škec S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUsing the EEG features extracted from the EEG signals, the presented study investigates differences in the cognitive load posed on engineers while 3D CAD modelling in two different conditions, depending on the visual representations used as stimulus - a 2D and a 3D technical drawing of parts. The results indicate a higher cognitive load during the 2D drawing task. In addition, common indicators of the ongoing spatial information processing were recognised - a suppression of parietal and occipital alpha power, a higher frontal theta, and differences in theta power between the hemispheres.
Interaction and Perception of Interaction with 3D Objects during Design Activities
Authors: Vuletic T. , Duffy A. , McTeague C. , Hay L. , Campbell G. , Grealy M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPost study questionnaires are used in design studies to uncover data about design reasoning and intent. A study was conducted where activities the study participants performed were compared to the participants’ statements about those activities, collected immediately after the study via a questionnaire. The goal was to explore the reliability of post study evaluations. Disagreements between performed and reported activities were identified, and recommendations made to, where possible, include more objective measures of design activity.
Dynamics of helminth fauna of black-legged kittiwake in the Russian Arctic in the context of climate changes
Authors: Kuklin Vadim V. , Kuklina Marina M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We present the results of our studies of the helminth fauna and the diet of the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758) in the Gorodetskiy bird colonies on the Rybachiy Peninsula (Murman coast of the Barents Sea) carried out in 2006–2008 and in 2018–2020. We did not find any noticeable changes in the species diversity of the helminth fauna of the kittiwakes, the proportion of the dominant parasite species and the values of most quantitative infection indices between the two study periods. At the same time, there was a marked decrease in the mean abundance of the dominant cestode species (Alcataenia larina Krabbe, 1869 and Tetrabothrius erostris Loennberg, 1889) in 2018–2020 as compared to 2006–2008. The changes in parasitology of birds found in our study appear to be largely determined by fluctuations of abiotic conditions (increased water and air temperature) and the state of the food supply (size structure of the zooplankton) in the study area.
Vestibular dysfunction amongst adolescents: what do we know? A review
Authors: Saniasiaya J , Narayanan P 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundVestibular dysfunction in children is a debilitating condition that results in countless pernicious effects, such as motor development delay, poor academic performance and psychosocial impairment. Yet, research pertaining to vestibular and balance disorders amongst adolescents is still lacking and remains an enigma.MethodsThis paper outlines novel emerging aetiological factors contributing to vestibular dysfunction amongst adolescents by appraising published articles through a narrative review.ResultsUnderlying aetiological factors of vestibular dysfunction can be identified among adolescents with thorough evaluation. Proper diagnostic evaluation of vestibular dysfunction is imperative in providing optimal care and guiding appropriate treatment strategies. The available literature demonstrated multifactorial aetiological factors that contribute to vestibular dysfunction in adolescents.ConclusionOutlining the underlying aetiological factors of vestibular dysfunction is vital to ensure that patients receive appropriate care and treatment.
Psychosocial predictors of young male workers’ discrimination against older workers in Japan: comparison of four models
Authors: Sugisawa Hidehiro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo create environments conducive to the wellbeing of workers, especially older workers, it is important to gain insight into ageism among young workers as a distinct segment in the workplace. However, this ageism remains unclear. This study explored the psychosocial predictors of discrimination against older Japanese workers by their younger male counterparts. Four models – Intergroup Contact Theory (ICT), Knowledge–Attitude–Behaviour Model (KABM), Terror Management Theory (TMT) and Frustration–Aggression Theory (FAT) – formed the basis of the study. All the models included positive and negative dimensions of stereotypes as mediators between predictors and discrimination. Data from 874 participants were obtained through a voluntary web survey for employees aged 25–39 years who lived in the Tokyo metropolitan area. A scale describing interactions with older workers (supportive, uncomfortable and avoidance), Facts on Ageing quiz, fears of being an older worker and a job dissatisfaction survey were employed to examine the hypotheses based on the above theories. The results supported the hypotheses based on ICT and FAT but not KABM. Higher supportive contacts were significantly related to lower discrimination mediated by a higher positive and lower negative dimension of stereotypes. Contacts characterised by higher discomfort were significantly related to higher discrimination mediated by a lower positive and higher negative dimension of stereotypes. Higher job dissatisfaction was related to higher discrimination mediated by lower positive stereotypes. Interestingly, higher fear of being an older worker was significantly related to lower discrimination mediated by higher positive stereotypes, contrary to the TMT-based hypotheses. Thus, ICT and FAT regarding ageism can explain young male workers’ discrimination against older workers in Japan, which differs culturally from Western countries. Furthermore, the results of the study suggest that boosting the quality of interactions as well as reducing bad interactions with older workers contribute to lower discrimination.
Keeping the older population and their informal carers healthy and independent using digital technology: a discourse analysis of local policy
Authors: Nilsson Maria , Andersson Stefan , Magnusson Lennart , Hanson Elizabeth 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe general discourse in health and social care policy purports digital technology as necessary to meet growing demands for long-term care and health care as a result of an ageing population. This needs critical investigation since public policy influences people's health and wellbeing. This study aims to interrogate critically what we call the ‘digital technology solution’ discourse in local Swedish health and social care policies. The main concern of our analysis is the discursive constructions of older people and their informal carers and how the concept of health is constructed. A discourse analysis was conducted of 61 local policy documents using the ‘What's the Problem Represented to Be’ method. Our analysis revealed that so-called ‘e-health strategies’ were rarely concerned with health. Health was often referred to as an activity and seen as a means to achieve independence among older people. The norm advocated independence, with the responsibility placed upon the older person, supported by digital technology. Informal carers were constructed as a resource within an older person's environment and largely taken for granted. We argue that the digital solution discourse ignores older people's agency and capacities as contributors to society, not least with regards to being providers of informal care.