bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyvinyl Chloride Degradation by Intestinal Klebsiella of Pest larvae
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Peng Haoran , Yang Dongchen , Zhang Guoqing , Zhang Jinlin , Ju Feng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Microbial degradation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is eco-friendly and economically attractive but extremely challenging due to the lack of a molecular understanding of the degrading strains and enzymes. Motivated by the serendipitous discovery that the larva of an agricultural invasive insect pest, Spodoptera frugiperda, effectively survived PVC film alone, we profiled the intestinal microbiota of S. frugiperda larva and screened for PVC-degrading strains. Feeding on PVC film significantly changed the larval intestinal microbiota through selective enrichment of Enterococcus, Ochrobactrum, Falsochrobactrum, Microbaterium, Sphingobacterium and Klebsiella. From the larval intestine, we isolated the biofilm-forming Klebsiella sp. EMBL-1 and experimentally verified it as the first Klebsiella bacterium known to actively degrade and utilize PVC by various classic physicochemical and morphological analyses. We further used multiomic analyses, complementarily integrating genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic insights, to identify enzyme-coding genes responsible for PVC degradation and proposed a biodegradation pathway for the bacterial strain. Overall, both S. frugiperda and strain EMBL-1 are first found to survive effectively on PVC film by using the polymer as the sole energy source. Moreover, this work exemplifying PVC biodegradation provides a reference for discovering more microbes and enzymatic resources for degrading other recalcitrant plastics.
Timing of the Miocene-Quaternary magmatic intrusions in the Tanga offshore basin: correlation to age equivalent deposits in the Eyasi-Wembere basin and their implications for petroleum potential
Authors: MVILE BENATUS NORBERT , Kiswaka Emily Barnabas , Osinowo Olawale Olakunle , Marobhe Isaac Muneji , Olayinka Abel Idowu , Mshiu Elisante Elisaimon 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Detailed 2D qualitative seismic interpretation, coupled with core logging and analysis of elemental proxies, has been used to assess petroleum potential of the Miocene-Quaternary successions of the Tanga offshore basin. These successions have been intruded by magmatic sills and dykes. Based on seismic well tie and correlation with age equivalent onshore successions in the Eyasi-Wembere basin, the timing of these intrusions are linked to periods of tectonic episodes that influenced development of the East African Rift basins. Seismic interpretation has shown that these tectonic episodes occurred during the Miocene-Pliocene, Pleistocene and Holocene periods. The magmatic bodies are thought to have promoted source rock maturation and facilitate formation of structural elements for petroleum trapping in the basin.
Direct Costs of Myopia in India
Authors: Singh Sachin , Gopalakrishanan Aparna , Jothibalaji Janarthanam , Narayanan Anuradha , Sivaraman Viswanathan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to estimate the direct costs of myopia among subjects from India. METHODS An observational study on direct costs of myopia among subjects aged between 6 and 40 years with spherical equivalent (SEQ) refraction of at least -0.50 D was conducted. Subjects were recruited from the five units of myopia management in the country, namely, regular chains, institutions, individual practitioners, wholesalers and online. A semi-structured questionnaire comprising the cost of spectacles, consultation, transportation, and frequency of visits to eye care professionals and changes in spectacles was used. Data were analysed to report the median annual cost of myopia and comparison between different degrees of myopia. RESULTS A total of 335 subjects participated across the five units. The median age was 25.0 years (IQR: 19.0 years, 31.0 years) and the median SEQ was -3.25 D (IQR: -1.75 D, -5.50 D). The median annual direct cost of myopia was INR 4,600.00 (IQR: INR 2,300.00, INR 9,395.00) [US$ 62.16 (IQR: US$ 31.08, US$ 126.95)] with median cost of spectacles contributing to 72.8% of the total cost. There was a statistically significant difference in the annual direct costs with varying degrees of myopia (p <0.001) and units of myopia management (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS The study reports the annual direct costs of myopia which is more than 5% of an average per capita income in India. Strategies are needed to reduce burden of myopia correction on individuals.
Stimulation of dysregulated IFN-β responses by aberrant SARS-CoV-2 small viral RNAs
Authors: Arai Yasuha , Yamanaka Itaru , Okamoto Toru , Isobe Ayana , Nakai Naomi , Kamimura Naoko , Suzuki Tatsuya , Daidoji Tomo , Ono Takao , Nakaya Takaaki , Matsumoto Kazuhiko , Okuzaki Daisuke , Watanabe Yohei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Patients with severe COVID-19 exhibit a cytokine storm characterized by greatly elevated levels of cytokines during worsening disease. Despite this, the interferon (IFN) response is delayed, contributing to disease progression. Here, we report that SARS-CoV-2 generates excessive amounts of small viral RNAs (svRNAs) encoding exact 5′ ends of positive-sense genes in human cells, whereas significantly fewer similar svRNAs are produced by endemic human coronaviruses (OC43 and 229E). SARS-CoV-2 5′ end svRNAs are RIG-I agonists associated with IFN-beta expression in later stages of infection. The first 60-nt ends bearing duplex structures and 5′-triphosphates are responsible for immune-stimulation. The 5′ end svRNAs were also produced during infection ex vivo and in vivo. The delta variant retains the robust 5′ end svRNA production of the parental strain, whereas omicron (BA.1 and BA.2) produces little of these erroneous svRNAs. We propose that RIG-I activation by accumulated 5′ end svRNAs overcomes the initial IFN antagonistic ability of viral proteins and contributes to drive late over-exuberant IFN production leading to the development of severe COVID-19 and suggest that evolutionary modification of SARS-CoV-2 5′ end svRNA production may correlate with the reduced disease severity likely seen with omicron (BA.1 and BA.2).
Feasibility and Efficiency of Rigid-angle Bronchial Blockers for Uniportal Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery
Authors: Li Ying-Tzu , Chiu Hsin-Chan , Lin Pei-Ching , Lin Wen-Ting , Hsieh Yi-Chu , Tai Ju-Ling , Tai Yu-Hsi , Hsiao Yueh-Chen , Hsu Hsao-Hsun , Chen Jin-Shing , Cheng Ya-Jung 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Rigid-angle bronchial blockers (BBs) have been routinely applied in thoracic operations for less invasiveness on airways. However, few reports exist regarding the application of BBs in uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), which is more difficult to be performed without satisfactory lung collapse. BBs may associate with necessity of readjustment to achieve satisfactory operation fields for ipsilateral location with intraoperative manipulations especially for anatomical resections. In this investigation, we hypothesized that the efficiency will be reduced if BBs prolong the operation time. We compared the operation time of either wedge or anatomical resections (involving hilar manipulations such as segmentectomy or lobectomy) by employing uniportal VATS with BBs or double-lumen tubes (DLTs). Operation sides (right and left) were further analyzed, especially for operations involving the right upper lobes. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients receiving intubated uniportal VATS from March to May 2019. Patient factors (including sex, body weight, and BMI), anesthetic factors (BBs or DLTs), and surgical factors (including wedge or anatomical resection, tumor size, number of lymph nodes sampled, pathological results and whether the right upper lobe involved) were collected. Univariate and backward multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to determine the effect of various factors on surgical time. Results: A total of 317 patients who received uniportal VATS (right-side, 52.4%; left-side, 47.6%) were included. Wedge resections accounted for 70.7% and anatomical resections accounted for 29.3%. BBs were applied for left- and right-side (85.6% and 78.7%, respectively) wedge resections and left- and right-side (74.1% and 56.4%, respectively) anatomical resections. After univariate and multivariate analysis on factors affecting operation time in either-side VATS, surgical factors such as operation procedures (P < .01), number of lymph nodes sampled (P < .001), and size of tumors (P < .01) were found to significantly affect operation time, but patient factors (e.g., body weight, sex, BMI), operation sides, and involvement of the right upper lobes, BBs, or DLTs did not significantly affecting operation time.Conclusions: Despite less preference for right-side uniportal anatomical resections, BBs are feasible for more than half of uniportal VATSs. Application of BBs is not inferior in efficiency for both wedge and anatomical uniport resections for right and left side operations.Clinical Registration Number: Approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 201906015RINB.
Multivariate Statistics Applied on Groundwater Geochemical Data to Identify Arsenic Release Mechanism and Related Microenvironments - A Case Study from Nakashipara, Tahatta-I and II Blocks of Nadia District, West Bengal, India.
Authors: Sengupta Diptansu , Mukherjee Pradip Kumar , Mukhopadhyay Basab , Toppo Sudeep Manish , Patel Jimmykumar Mahendrakumar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The distribution of arsenic content and other variables in groundwater data of 302 tube-wells in Nakashipara and Tehatta I and II blocks of Nadia district, West Bengal, India are analysed. The arsenic content of 255 tube-wells out of 302 are above permissible limit of 10 ppb and thus contaminated. As per the spatial buffer analysis, the contaminated tube-wells are found to be within 500m distance from waterbody/abandoned/meander/palaeo channels; interior of which, in presence of fresh organic carbon and arsenic bearing fines, the reductive dissolution and desorption processes operate. From the identified three types of aquifers (1, 2, 2A), the semi to leaky-confined aquifer of Type-2 is presumably more susceptible to create arsenic release environment from sediment to groundwater due to elevated organic carbon content in clay layer that boosts bacteriogenic reductive dissolution process. The Principal Component Analysis performed on 23 variables of 302 water samples has identified five physico-chemical factors responsible for arsenic release in aqueous system from sediment. The Hierarchical Agglomerative Cluster Analysis on these five factors using ‘Euclidean distances’ as a measure of similarity has classified the tube-wells into three distinct clusters (I, II, III). With careful analysis, it is concluded that they actually represent the different stages of reductive dissolution process of arsenic release in an order of cluster II ◊ cluster I ◊ cluster III (initial to advance state). We propose that these stages mimic probable microenvironments within a broad realm of reducing environment of arsenic release, microenvironments alter rapidly within small areal distance.
Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health, daily and occupational activities among health professionals in Colombia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Peñaranda Augusto , Garcia Elizabeth , Pérez-Herrera Lucia C. , Trojan Annabelle , Peñaranda Daniel , Molina Juan , Moreno-López Sergio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has placed an unprecedented physical and mental burden on healthcare workers who are frequently at high risk of infection, particularly in low-income countries. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety, depression, and stress, as well as changes in daily and occupational activities among healthcare professionals due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia.Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted between February and June 2021. The survey incorporated validated mental health tools such as the Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Perceived Stress Scale-10. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with severe mental health outcomes.Results: Among 1345 healthcare workers the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress were 75.61%, 59.18%, and 53.09%, respectively. Anxiety (OR:1.44; 95%CI:1.16-1.8), depression (OR:1.74; 95%CI:1.27-2.37), and stress (OR:1.51; 95%CI:1.18-1.94) were more frequent in women, and individuals who expressed fear of a negative outcome (death, sequelae) (OR:2.25; 95%CI:1.60-3.25), (OR:1.49; 95%CI:1.03-2.16) and (OR:2.36; 95%CI:1.69-3.29) respectively. Age was negatively associated with anxiety (OR:0.98; 95%CI:0.98-0.99), stress (OR:0.98; 95%CI:0.97-0.99), and depression (OR:0.97; 95% CI:0.96-0.98). Reduction in consultations and surgeries (OR:1.01; 95%CI:1.0-1.01) was positively associated with anxiety. Due to the pandemic, most specialists expected to incorporate drastic long-term (>1 year) changes in their clinical setting and daily activities.Conclusions: The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress is higher among Colombian healthcare workers compared to previous reports. Further research regarding these psychological outcomes is needed to achieve early mental health intervention strategies.Trial Registration: Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe, Ethical Committee Registration ID: CCEI-12992-2021.
Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI of Pulmonary Adenocarcinomas for early risk stratification: higher contrast uptake associated with response and better prognosis.
Authors: Rheinheimer Stephan , Christopoulos Petros , Erdmann Stella , Saupe Julia , Golpon Heiko , Vogel-Claussen Jens , Dinkel Julien , Thomas Michael , Heussel Claus Peter , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Heussel Gudula 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background:
To explore the prognostic value of serial dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI in patients with advanced pulmonary adenocarcinoma undergoing first-line therapy with either tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKI) or platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC).
Methods:
Patients underwent baseline (day 0, n = 98), and post-therapeutic DCE MRI (PBC: day + 1, n = 52); TKI: day + 7, n = 46) at 1.5T. Perfusion curves were acquired at 10, 40, and 70s after contrast application and analysed semiquantitatively. Treatment response was evaluated at 6 weeks by CT (RECIST 1.1); progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analysed with respect to clinical and perfusion parameters. Relative uptake was defined as signal difference between contrast and non-contrast images, divided by the non-contrast signal. Predictors of survival were selected using Cox regression analysis. Median follow-up was 825 days.
Results:
In pre-therapeutic and early post-therapeutic MRI, responders for PBC (n = 4) and TKI (n = 23) treatment (PR by RECIST 1.1 at 6 weeks) showed significantly higher relative contrast uptake within the tumor at 70 s after application as compared to non-responders (n = 71, p ≤ 0.02). There was no significant change of perfusion at early MRI after treatment. Independent parameters showing the strongest association with PFS were relative uptake at 40 s in the early post-treatment MRI and pre-treatment clinical data (presence of liver metastases, ECOG performance status).
Conclusion:
Higher contrast uptake within the tumor at pre-treatment and early post-treatment MRI was associated with treatment response and better prognosis. DCE MRI of pulmonary adenocarcinoma may provide independent prognostic information.
Impact of Oceanic Oscillations in Annual Trends of Precipitation Extremes in the Paraíba do Sul River Basin Assessed Based on the PSL Daily Gridded Precipitation Dataset
Authors: Senna Mônica Carneiro Alves , França Gutemberg Borges , Pereira Matheus Francisco , Silva Mauricio Soares da , de Souza Enio Pereira , Dragaud Ian Cunha D'Amato Viana , de Souza Lucio Silva , Moraes Nilton Oliveira , de Almeida Vinicius Albuquerque , de Almeida Manoel Valdonel , Frota Maurício Nogueira , de Araujo Afonso Augusto Magalhães , Cardozo Karine do Nascimento , Viana Lude Quieto 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The waters of the Paraíba do Sul River supply around 15 million people, most of whom live in metropolitan regions of the state of Rio de Janeiro. Climate change alters its precipitation regime and can cause an increase in the occurrence of extreme hydrological events. The variability of precipitation results from the combined effects of the surface conditions of the oceans and the variations in the dynamics of atmospheric systems. This work aims to detect possible changes in the climatic extremes of precipitation in the Paraíba do Sul hydrographic basin and to investigate evidences of correlation of these indices with the oceanic oscillations associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. Results indicate that the eastern and northeastern sectors of the basin present trends of increase in the total annual precipitation, in the number of very humid days and in the occurrence of extreme events, in a space of time up to five days. The west and southwest sectors, on the other hand, show decreasing trends in total annual precipitation, in the number of very humid days, but with an increase trend in the maximum amount of rainfall on five consecutive days. The central sector has characteristics of a transition zone. The correlation analyzes show that the majority of the oceanic oscillation indices have a very weak correlation with the extreme precipitation indices, while the wavelet transform does not indicate significant power at the low frequencies.
Social memory deficit gated by dysregulation of the cerebellar vermis
Authors: Chao Owen Y , Pathak Salil Saurav , Zhang Hao , Augustine George , Christie Jason , Kikuchi Chikako , Taniguchi Hiroki , Yang Yi-Mei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Social recognition memory (SRM) is a key determinant of social behavior because it integrates past experiences into social interactions to distinguish familiar from novel conspecifics. The cerebellum is an important region for social functions; dysregulated cerebellar output is a common phenotype in various mouse models of autism. However, how the abnormal local activity in the cerebellum leads to social behavior deficits remains unknown. To this end, we selectively increased the excitability of molecular layer interneurons (MLIs) to suppress Purkinje cell (PC) firing with chemo- and optogenetic approaches in the mouse cerebellar vermis. Chemogenetic perturbation of MLIs impaired SRM without affecting sociability, anxiety levels, motor coordination or object recognition. Optogenetic interference of MLIs during distinct phases of a social recognition test highlighted cerebellar engagement in retrieval, but not encoding, of social information. Functional mapping with an immediate early gene product (c-Fos) following the social recognition test revealed that cerebellar manipulation significantly reduced brain-wide interregional correlations and shifted network structure from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus- to amygdala-centered modules. Transsynaptic tracing showed hierarchical projections from the central cerebellum to the social brain network. Collectively, our results suggest that the cerebellum organizes the neural matrix required for SRM, providing a circuitry basis for social impairments in autism and other psychiatric disorders.
Dolutegravir-Associated Hyperglycemia in People Living with Human Immune-Deficiency Virus: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Abera Merhawit Atsbha , Tequare Mengistu Hagazi , Berhe Ephrem , Wolderufael Abadi Leul , Abraha Hiluf Ebuy , Ebrahim Mohamedawel Mohamedniguss 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus is being related with developing communicable and non-communicable diseases. Patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy are at increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus than those who are treatment naïve. Hyperglycemia has been mentioned as the side effect of Some ART regimens. We assessed the incidence of hyperglycemia among patients taking Dolutegravir-based regimen in ACSH.
Method
A Hospital-based prospective cohort study was conducted. The total sample size was 423. A simple random sampling technique was employed using excel function to select study participants. Four categories of data were collected, namely socio-economic, clinical and immunological, regimen type and outcome variables.
Results
A total of 421 HIV patients were included in the study. More than one-third (36.1%) of the subjects had an exposure to TDF + 3TC + DTG drug therapy, either as a first therapy or a change to the first line triple therapy. Sixty two (14.7%) had hyperglycemia from the study participants. Our finding showed that taking Dolutegravir-based ART has no effect on the blood sugar level of patients, while adjusting for age, sex, and weight at HAART initiation (AOR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.55–1.95, p = 0.896)
Conclusion
Dolutegravir-based ART regimen has no effect on the blood sugar level of patients.
A Mathematical Model For The Dynamical Behavior Of Ebola Virus Transmission In Human-Bat Population: Implication Of Immediate Discharge Of Recovered Individuals
Authors: Agbomola Joshua , Loyinmi Adedapo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ebola virus is zoonotic. Earlier research has paid less attention to vector–host transmission dynamics of the virus. In this study, we, therefore, proposed an unprecedented coupled SEIR-SEI epidemic model of the type ShEhIhRh-SbEbIb which predicts the prevalence and virulence of the Ebola virus from bats to humans. More so, since remnants of the virus can still last for days in the fluidic parts of the body after recovery, the recovery class Rh is subdivided into two ( Rhis & Rhni). The sensitivity analysis investigation reveals parameters that have profound effects on the reproduction number. The system is proven to be positive and bounded at all times and the fundamental parameters for invasion, R0h and R0b for both human and bat populations respectively were established to be less than unity. Also, persistence (Endemic) and Disease Free Equilibrium points of the model were ascertained to be asymptotically stable both locally and globally.