bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peran Mahkamah Pelayaran dalam Pemeriksaan Lanjutan (Persidangan) pada Nahkoda Kapal yang Mengalami Kecelakaan
Authors: Christmas Christmas , Huda Misbahul , Nachrawi Gunawan 
Published: March 2022

Pasal 1 angka (58) UU No. 17 Tahun 2008 tentang Pelayaran mengemukakan bahwa Mahkamah Pelayaran adalah panel ahli yang berada dibawah dan bertanggung jawab kepada Menteri yang bertugas untuk melakukan pemeriksaan lanjutan kecelakaan kapal. Pemeriksaan dilakukan untuk mengetahui sebab-sebab terjadinya kecelakaan kapal dan/atau menentukan ada atau tidaknya kesalahan atau kelalaian dalam penerapan standar profesi kepelautan yang dilakukan oleh Nakhoda atau pimpinan kapal dan/atau Perwira Kapal dalam kaitan terjadinya kecelakaan kapal. Rumusan masalah yang penulis bahas adalah: 1) Bagaimana peran Mahkamah Pelayaran dalam mengungkap terjadinya kecelakaan kapal? dan 2) Bagaimana tanggungjawab Mahkamah Pelayaran dalam menyelesaikan kasus terjadinya kecelakaan kapal? Metode penelitian yang penulis gunakan adalah metode yuridis normatif, yaitu menganalisis kaitan antara peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dengan teori-teori hukum dan praktek pelaksanaan hukum positif yang menyangkut permasalahan yang dibahas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa tanggungjawab Mahkamah Pelayaran dalam menyelesaikan kasus terjadinya kecelakaan kapal, Mahkamah Pelayaran saat ini bukanmerupakan badan peradilan, dan kedudukannya pun tidak dalam lingkungan Peradilan Umum.
Model Contract for Health Care on Trekking and Expeditions for Doctors – Recommendation of the Medical Commission of the Union Internationale des Associations d’Alpinisme (UIAA)
Authors: Küpper Thomas , Hillebrandt David , Milledge Jim , Basnayt Buddha 
Published: March 2022

This suggested contract document attempts to clarify the rights and obligations of the tour operator (referred to herein as “organization”, OR), the ED and the EX to avoid trouble and misunderstandings during the trip.
Being an Expedition or Trekking Doctor (referred to herein as “Expedition Doctor”, ED) is more than being merely a member which advises others in case of a health problem during the trip and who may get a discount on organized trips! An ED has specific responsibilities, has to provide special skills, and must always accept responsibility for any diagnosis made, whether right or wrong. Both, the tour operator and the participants of the Expedition (referred to herein as “Expedition”, EX) have their individual and often conflicting interests to which the ED’s own mountaineering interests must also be added. However, to minimize the possible multiple risks associated with these conflicts of interest, the rights, obligations and priorisation of medical and expedition scheduling should be made clear well in advance of the expedition. The following is a model text which may be adapted to an EX’s specific demands. In this text, EX includes the organizers of the trip, the expedition’s leaders and the participants.
PROMOTING KERATINASE ACTIVITY FROM NEWLY IDENTIFIED STRAIN Strenotrophomonas maltophilia B6 THROUGH OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: MAMANGKEY JENDRI , SURYANTO DWI , MUNIR ERMAN , MUSTOPA APON ZAENAL 
Published: March 2022

Strenotrophomonas maltophilia B6 was a newly identified keratinolytic bacteria isolated from a landfill in North Sumatra. Keratinolytic activitiy of this strain was investigated through optimization and characterization of its enzymatic properties. Amino acid profiles were quantified using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) after a 96-h of incubation resulted in 2.2569 mg mL-1 amino acids from a 40-mL fermentation supplemented with 10 g/L chicken feathers. The keratinolytic activities were enhanced through addition of 1% glucose yielded 67.41 ± 1.1 UmL-1 and 0.5% peptone yielded
90.24 ± 0.7 UmL-1. Keratinolytic activity enhanced with the addition of Ca+ (116%), Na+ (111%), Mg+ (110%) at 10 mM concentration. Zymogram analysis showed a protein band in the 26 kDa of molecular mass, similar to serine protease. Physical and chemical characteristics of degradation products were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR). Qualitatively, the optimum activity occurred at 96-h of incubation through SEM image analysis. The FTIR peaks detected were peak 3747 cm-1 (-OH); peak 2972 cm-1 (asymmetric -CH3); peak 1641 cm-1 (amide I); peak 1438 cm-1 (amide II); peak 1092 cm-1 (-C-C-); peak 523 cm-1 (-S-S-). Thus, Strenotrophomonas maltophilia B6 may be used as potential biodegradative bacterium to chicken feather wastes in nature.
Refleks Nasokardiak yang Disebabkan oleh Pemasangan Selang Nasogastrik: Laporan Kasus
Authors: Manggala Sidharta Kusuma , Napitupulu Luther , Halim Septianto 
Published: March 2022

Refleks nasokardiak merupakan bagian dari refleks trigeminokardiak. Refleks nasokardiak dapat menyebabkan bradikardia dan hipotensi karena adanya manipulasi terhadap cabang nervus trigeminus yang berada pada rongga hidung. Pemasangan selang nasogastrik adalah prosedur medis yang umum dilakukan dan dapat menyebabkan iritasi pada rongga hidung, Laporan kasus ini menggambarkan adanya kejadian bradikardia, hipotensi, dan penurunan kesadaran yang terjadi segera setelah pemasangan selang nasogastrik pada seorang pasien laki-laki berusia 46 tahun dengan diagnosis pneumonia, tuberkulosis paru, sepsis, hipoksemia, dan hiperkapnia. Refleks nasokardiak harus dicurigai sebagai etiologi terjadinya refleks vagal pada pasien setelah pemasangan selang nasogastrik dan kejadian ini harus diantisipasi dengan baik terutama pada pasien dengan kondisi kritis. Dengan adanya keterbatasan referensi pada topik ini, penelitian lanjutan untuk kejadian ini perlu dilakukan.
Kata Kunci: refleks nasokardiak; refleks vagal; selang nasogastrik
Perbedaan Efektivitas Iodine Povidone 1% dan Listerine® sebagai Preparat Perawatan Mulut terhadap Pencegahan Ventilator Associated Pneumonia
Authors: Chuandy Indra , Ardana  , Putro Bambang Novianto 
Published: March 2022

Pendahuluan: Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) merupakan pneumonia yang muncul dalam waktu 48 – 72 jam setelah intubasi. Insidennya mencapai 9 – 27% dengan tingkat mortalitas lebih dari 50%. Perawatan mulut merupakan salah satu cara mencegah VAP pada pasien yang menggunakan ventilasi mekanik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi VAP dan efektivitas preparat antiseptik pada perawatan mulut pasien terintubasi terhadap pencegahan VAP.
Metode: Penelitian uji klinis acak tersamar tunggal dilakukan terhadap 36 pasien dengan ventilasi mekanik. Sampel dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok iodine povidone 1% dan Listerine®. Awalnya dilakukan penilaian kebersihan mulut dengan Simplified Oral Hygiene Index. Setelahnya, dilakukan perawatan mulut menggunakan salah satu preparat. Setelah 48 jam, dilakukan penilaian ulang kebersihan mulut dan skor CPIS. Timbul VAP bila skor CPIS ≥ 6.
Hasil: Kelompok iodine povidone 1% memiliki perubahan skor kebersihan mulut dengan selisih yang lebih kecil (0,195) dibandingkan Listerine® (0,3605). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Listerine® lebih efektif dalam menjaga kebersihan mulut (p = 0,024). Listerine® secara signifikan lebih efektif dalam mencegah VAP bila dibandingkan dengan iodine povidone 1% (p = 0,001). Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan pada subjek yang meninggal akibat VAP positif maupun negatif (p = 0,280).
Kesimpulan: Listerine® memiliki efektivitas lebih tinggi dalam mencegah VAP dibandingkan dengan iodine povidone 1%.
Psychology and Ethical Epistemology
Authors: Shihadeh Ayman 
Published: March 2022

We examine a hitherto unstudied debate, turning on the epistemology of value judgements, between Ashʿarīs and Baṣran Muʿtazilīs of the late eleventh and twelfth centuries. Al-Ghazālī and al-Rāzī countered Muʿtazilī ethical realism, here defended by al-Malāḥimī, by developing an emotive subjectivism underpinned by increasingly sophisticated psychological accounts of ethical motivation. Value judgements, they maintained, arise not from knowledge of some ethical attributes of acts themselves, but from subjective inclinations, which are often elusive because they can be unconscious or indirect. We also argue against the widespread notion that Ashʿarīs espoused an anti-rationalist ethics, and we show that they were not only ethical rationalists, but also the more innovative side in this debate.
Keywords: al-Ghazālī, Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, al-Malāḥimī, Avicenna, Ashʿarism, Muʿtazilism, Value Theory, Moral Realism and Anti-Realism, Emotivism, Moral Psychology, Rationalism, Intellect (ʿaql), Estimation (wahm), Disposition (ṭabʿ), Widely-Accepted Premises (mashhūra), Reputable Premises (maḥmūda)
The “Lateral Transshipment” is a Cooperative Tool for Optimizing the Profitability of a Distribution System
Authors: Fadoi Elleuch 
Published: March 2022

In this chapter, we discuss a network consisting of a distribution center (or central depot) and two retailers who serve customers. D1 andD2 represent, respectively, the demands of retailer 1 and 2. We assume that the demandDi (i = 1, 2) at retailer i follows a normal distribution with mean μi and standard deviationσi (known). This analysis makes it possible to assess the effect of emergency transshipment both at the level of the Average Global Profit and of the Average Global Desservice Rate. In this chapter, we consider a centralized one-echelon supply chain with two-retailers selling products and facing stochastic demand.
A combined association of serum uric acid, alanine aminotransferase and waist circumference with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a community-based study
Authors: Wang Min , Wang Minxian , Zhang Ru , Zhang Liuxin , Ding Yajie , Tang Zongzhe , Fan Haozhi , Wang Hongliang , Zhang Wei , Chen Yue , Wang Jie 
Published: March 2022

Background
Increasing evidence has supported that serum uric acid (SUA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and waist circumference (WC) are associated with the occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the combined role of these factors in early screening of NAFLD has not been investigated. We aimed to de lineate this role in a community-based population.

Methods
Binary logistic regression was used to explore the correlations of SUA, ALT and WC with NAFLD risk. The goodness of fit and discriminative ability of the model were evaluated by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), respectively.

Results
Logistic regression analysis indicated that elevated SUA (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.76–3.38]), ALT (adjusted OR = 4.98, 95% CI [3.41–7.27]) and WC (adjusted OR = 3.22, 95% CI [2.01–5.16]) were facilitating factors for incident NAFLD after fully adjusted for related confounders. In addition, the risk of NAFLD followed linear trend s with increasing levels of these three indicators (all Ptrend < 0.001). The risk assessment model consisting of SUA, ALT, WC and demographics showed useful discrimination by AUROC being 0.825 (95% CI [0.811–0.838]) and good performance of calibration (P = 0.561).

Conclusions
SUA, ALT and WC were all associated with NAFLD, independent of known risk factors. The simple model composed of these indicators showed good performance in the Chinese population, which may be applicable for appraisal of NAFLD risk in primary healthcare.
Effect of Rainfall Variability on Groundwater Levels in Nzoia River Basin, Kenya
Authors: Odwori Ernest Othieno 
Published: March 2022

Groundwater is a critical supply of freshwater in Africa, providing safe drinking water near to where it is needed for homes, agricultural, and industrial uses. Due to the high vulnerability of surface water resources to anthropogenic activities and climate change, groundwater consumption has increased dramatically over the last 50 years and is likely to continue rising in future. This study examines the effect of rainfall variability on groundwater levels using rainfall and groundwater level fluctuation data from Nzoia River Basin, Kenya. A cross-sectional survey design was used. Three counties were randomly selected from the basin for study with Busia representing the lower catchment, Kakamega middle catchment and Trans Nzoia upper catchment. Groundwater is the main drinking water resource in the basin supplying 78.8% of the population. Knowledge of long-term rainfall variability and the associated response of the basin’s groundwater resources are essential for efficient and sustainable groundwater management. Despite the relatively short period for which water level records are available, these records contain valuable information that can be used beneficially in the development of strategies to assist in the responsible management of our limited groundwater resources. Rainfall and groundwater levels were analysed using the parametric test of linear regression and the non-parametric Mann–Kendall statistical test. Rainfal data for this study was obtained from the Kenya Meteorological Department (KMD) and the Groundwater levels from Kenya Water Resources Management Agency (WRMA). Pearson moment correlation was used to check the relationship between monthly rainfall and monthly groundwater levels. Correlations between groundwater levels and rainfall will help assess aquifer vulnerability to climate change in the basin. Our results indicate that rainfall variability induced by climate change has greatly impacted groundwater levels in the basin. Annual groundwater levels have been steadly falling at the rate between 0.03 ft/year (Kakamega Tande School) and 0.49 ft/year (Kitale Golf Club) in the basin. Annual rainfall over the basin has shown stations recording both decreasing and increasing trends. The falling groundwater level trends indicate a cause for concern and provide a scientific basis for the national and county governments in the basin to strategize on ground water development and management for sustainable water use.
Outcome of Neonates Born through Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid in a Tertiary Care Hospital, PAK Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Saeed , Tariq Nadeem Muhammad , Jamal Bakth , Alam Ikram , Qasim Khan Muhammad , Ullah Kiramat , Ahmad Khalil 
Published: March 2022

Objective: The study was conducted on the incidence of meconium aspiration syndrome which is still high in the developing world and contributing significantly to the neonatal mortality. The study was aimed to know the risk factors contributing to meconium aspiration syndrome and neonatal outcome in a tertiary hospital (Punjab) Department of pediatric Medicine PAK Emirates Military hospital Rawalpindi in the Pakistan.
Materials and Methods: It was a hospital based cross sectional study This descriptive case series was carried at Department of Peadiatric Medicine PAK Emirates Military hospital Rawalpindi in the Pakistan over a period of one year, from Jan 2019 to Dec 2020, involving 2820 patients; All live newborns born through meconium-stained liquor were enrolled and all the details regarding the mother and neonate were recorded. Odd’s ratio and bivariate analysis was done to assess the risk factors for meconium aspiration syndrome.
Results: Out of all the deliveries 12.4% were born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid and meconium aspiration syndrome developed in 5 .6% of the neonates. Low Apgar score and premature rupture of membranes was significantly associated with the risk of occurrence of meconium aspiration syndrome. Neonates who developed meconium aspiration syndrome had mortality of 6.7%
Conclusion: The Perinatal asphyxia and premature rupture of membranes were significantly associated with the development of meconium aspiration syndrome and neonates who developed meconium aspiration syndrome had high mortality.
Clinicopathologic Predictors of Pathologic Complete Response after Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy and Impact on Surgical Management
Authors: Niaz Rabia , Soomro Rufina 
Published: March 2022

Neoadjuvant systemic therapy previously given for inoperable breast cancer is increasingly being administered in early breast cancer especially in triple negative and HER2 positive molecular subtypes. It is associated with an increased rate of complete pathologic response (PCR) which is a surrogate marker for good survival outcomes and has role in de escalation of surgical management. We conduct this study to identify clinical and pathologic factors and systemic treatment regimens that predict PCR among Pakistan’s breast cancer patients and its impact on surgical management.
Materials and Methods: Patients with clinical stage I-III who received Neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) and underwent surgical intervention at Liaquat national hospital were included. The clinicopathologic factors included age, menopausal status, clinical tumor size, nodal status, stage, pathologic type, grade, molecular subtype, PR status, pathologic response, and treatment in terms of systemic therapy. The surgery underwent and pathologic stage(ypTN) were recorded. The association between these factors and PCR was analyzed with the chi-square test. Univariate analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of clinicopathologic factors on PCR.
Results: PCR was achieved in 174(19.6%) out of the 889 patients. There was a significant association (P-value <0.001) with molecular subtype as follows PCR percentage for HER 2 enriched-39% and luminal B HER 2 positive-31%, triple negative-25% ,Luminal A-6.5% and Luminal B-9.6%, progesterone receptors negative tumors (PCR-26.9%) and chemotherapy regime-Anthracycline and taxane PCR-28%. The predictive value of the three factors remains significant on univariate analysis. The breast conservative surgery rate was 34%, sentinel node biopsy was 60% and axillary PCR is seen in 20% of the patients (cN+ 60% to ypN+ 40%).
Conclusion: NST has a good overall impact in terms of achieving PCR and downsizing for breast-conserving surgery with better cosmetic outcome and de-escalation of axillary surgery. The positive predictive factors include molecular subtype, Her2 positive tumors being the most sensitive, progesterone receptor-negative tumors, and anthracycline and taxane-based chemotherapy.
Blotting Paper for Bench Type Testing - A 48-inch Pilot Paper Machine Production Run
Authors: Dölle Klaus 
Published: March 2022

Paper manufacturing originated in China in 105 BC and has come a long way. Countless different paper grades have been developed and are being used all over the world today. One of these paper grades is blotting paper, first recognized in 1465 and machine manufactured in the 1800’s. Today, one of the blotting paper applications is to absorb water during handsheet forming for paper testing.
Blotting paper product with an oven dry basis weight of 269.8 g/m² and 322.6 g/m², a thickness of 484 µm and 566 µm, respectively was manufactured on a 48-inch small commercial Fourdrinier paper machine.
The wet tensile index and stretch was 0.9 Nm/g and 3.54% and 0.94 and 4.04% for the lower and higher bases weight. Water absorbance achieved values of 44.42 mL/s for the top side and 25.43 mL/s for the wire side for the 269.8 g/m² blotting paper and 27.91 for the top side and 20.55 mL/s for wire side of the 322.6 g/m² blotting paper. The minimum total absorbency requirements of 500 ± 50 g/m² was achieved for both basis weights.
Optical properties measured included Opacity at 99.98%, brightness at 86.89%, whiteness at 76.04% and color of 96.43% for the L* value, -0.93 for the a* value, and 3.33 for the b* value.
The manufactured blotting paper has been successfully used producing handsheets with basis weights between 20 g/m² and 300 g/m² utilizing virgin and recycled fiber material.
Intracellular Self‐Assembly Driven Nucleus‐Targeted Photo‐Immune Stimulator with Chromatin Decompaction Function for Robust Innate and Adaptive Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Zhao Xiu , Zhang Kaixiang , Wang Yiyang , Jiang Wenxiao , Cheng Hui , Wang Qiongwei , Xiang Tingting , Zhang Zhenzhong , Liu Junjie , Shi Jinjin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEfficient nuclear DNA damage and release is highly recommended to improve the photodynamic immunotherapy by eliciting innate immune response yet remains challenging. Herein, an intracellular self‐assembly driven nucleus‐targeted photo‐immune stimulator (PIS) with chromatin decompaction function is reported for innate and adaptive antitumor immunity co‐activation. The PIS consists of vorinostat (SAHA)‐loaded manganese‐porphyrin metal‐organic framework (Mn (III)‐TCPP MOF) with further modification of AS1411 aptamer. The PIS can be efficiently internalized by tumor cells and disassembled under the intracellular overexpressed glutathione (GSH). Notably, the released AS1411 is able to be self‐assembled with photosensitizer TCPP in situ within cells, driving nucleus‐targeted delivery of TCPP; meanwhile, the loaded SAHA can induce chromatin decompaction, cooperatively promoting TCPP‐mediated photodynamic nuclear DNA damage and cytosolic release under laser irradiation. In addition, the released manganese ions (Mn2+) further enhance the cytosolic DNA/cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS)‐stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathway mediated innate immunity, which synergizes with PDT‐induced immunogenic cell death to achieve co‐activation of innate and adaptive immunity. Compared to traditional PDT, the self‐assembly driven nucleus‐targeted PDT system with chromatin decompaction show significantly enhanced efficacy for inhibiting primary tumor growth and distant metastasis in several xenograft tumor models, mechanistically by promoting the maturation of dendritic cells and tumor infiltration of natural killer cell, cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Versatile Phenol‐Incorporated Nanoframes for In Situ Antibacterial Activity Based on Oxidative and Physical Damages
Authors: Liu Pei , Wu Yuzheng , Mehrjou Babak , Tang Kaiwei , Wang Guomin , Chu Paul K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGold nanoparticles (GNPs) with oxidase and peroxidase properties are great candidates for antibiotic‐mimicking materials due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, the bioenzymic properties are not long‐lasting due to the short lifespan of ROS and have only been observed from GNPs with a size of less than 20 nm, thus making the synthesis laborious and inefficient. Herein, GNPs with controllable size and effective ROS utilization are synthesized by an environmentally green process using natural phenols extracted from plants as the reducing and capping reagent. Functional metallic ions are chelated by taking advantage of the coordinating properties of phenols to form the versatile nanoframe (pGNP‐Fe) that can self‐assemble onto bacteria due to the inherent attraction rendered by phenols, and the physical pressure causes bacterial membrane damage. During internalization in bacteria, the cascade process resulting from the enzyme‐like properties generates cytotoxic reactive ROS via oxidization, and the Fenton reaction enhances the antibacterial efficiency. This dual physical/chemical antibacterial process obviates the need for external antibiotics and antibacterial agents, which may otherwise pose toxicity in vivo. The fabrication strategy and materials properties described here provide insights into the design of antibiotic‐mimicking materials based on enzymatic and physical effects.