bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auto calibration of multi‐camera system for human pose estimation
Authors: Liu Kang , Chen Lingling , Xie Liang , Yin Jian , Gan Shuwei , Yan Ye , Yin Erwei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe multi‐camera calibration is an essential step for many spatially aware applications, such as robotic navigation, augmented reality, and 3D human pose estimation. Traditional calibration methods use off‐the‐shelf checkerboards or triangles as the known world coordinate system and their corresponding corners are set as control points, which heavily depends on specific calibration patterns and is not suitable for calibration pattern‐denied environments. In this paper, an automatic calibration method is proposed to calibrate the multi‐camera system without the aid of a known calibration pattern. The key idea of the proposed method is that the authors consider the human body, which is always available, as the counterpart of the calibration pattern. The authors’ approach starts with binocular camera calibration, in which the extrinsic and intrinsic parameters are calculated in order and followed by a joint optimisation. With the results of each pair of binocular camera calibration, the multi‐camera system calibration is carried out in three steps: (i) parameters initialisation, (ii) extrinsic parameters optimisation, and (iii) jointly optimising intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. Since the authors’ approach does not require additional calibration patterns except for one visible person, it is flexible and easy to be implemented. Real experiments are conducted in different scenes, camera angles, and camera settings. Human pose estimation with the multi‐camera system is additionally performed for exhaustive experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that the authors’ method shows superior performance than the traditional method with the aid of a specific calibration pattern.
Design of broadband dual‐polarized planar antenna with triple radiators
Authors: Wu Rui , Chen Fu‐Chang , Xue Quan , Chu Qing‐Xin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA wideband dual‐polarized planar antenna with triple radiators is proposed for the LTE600/LTE700/GSM850/GSM900 base station in this paper. A novel concept of multi‐radiator for multi‐resonance by close coupling feed is presented and analysed . The proposed antenna is mainly composed of two pairs of loop dipole, L‐shaped radiator, step dipole, two L‐shaped feed lines, balun and reflector. The reflector is designed with a centrosymmetric partible baffle for directional radiations, which contribute to stable radiations as well. Owing to the novel closely coupling scheme for multi‐radiators, three resonances are simultaneously excited within the desired band, producing a wide bandwidth of 47.7% (from 0.59 to 0.96 GHz) for |S11| < −15 dB with high isolation more than 30 dB. Moreover, an average gain of 8.8 dBi as well as stable radiation patterns are achieved simultaneously.
Generalised probabilistic theories in a new light
Authors: Shaiia Raed 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a modified formulation of generalised probabilistic theories that will always give rise to the structure of Hilbert space of quantum mechanics, in any finite outcome space, is presented and the guidelines to how to extend this work to infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces are given. Moreover, this new formulation which will be called as extended operational‐probabilistic theories, applies not only to quantum systems, but also equally well to classical systems, without violating Bell's theorem, and at the same time solves the measurement problem. A new answer to the question of why our universe is quantum mechanical rather than classical will be presented. Besides, this extended probability theory shows that it is non‐determinacy, or to be more precise, the non‐deterministic description of the universe, that makes the laws of physics the way they are. In addition, this paper shows that there is still a possibility that there might be a deterministic level from which our universe emerges, which if understood correctly, may open the door wide to applications in areas such as quantum computing. In addition, this paper explains the deep reason why complex Hilbert spaces in quantum mechanics are needed.
Quantum medical images processing foundations and applications
Authors: Elaraby Ahmed 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMedical imaging is considered one of the most important areas within scientific imaging due to the rapid and ongoing development in computer‐aided medical image visualisation, advances in analysis approaches, and computer‐aided diagnosis. Here, the principles of quantum computation and information to develop the field of medical image processing will be reviewed. The advancement of quantum computation in image processing has proved its outstanding properties for processing and storage capacity compared to the classical methods. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the common advanced approaches, methodologies and advanced applications in medical images based on quantum computation.
Spatial and polarimetric information fusion using residual network for polarimetric synthetic aperture radar image classification
Authors: Imani Maryam 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR) system provides an image that can be considered as a data cube containing spatial information in two spatial dimensions and polarimetric information in the scattering dimension. A spatial and polarimetric residual network (SPRN) is proposed for POLSAR image classification. At first, polarimetric features are extracted from the scattering dimension through two designed polarimetric residual blocks. Then, the processed POLSAR cube is fed to two consecutive spatial residual blocks for contextual feature extraction. Three dimensional convolutional layers are used as basic layers for simultaneous extraction and fusion of polarimetric information and correlation among neighbouring pixels in local regions. The shortcut connections are utilised to overcome the degradation problem due to increasing network depth. In addition, batch normalisation is applied to regularise the learning process. The experimental results on four real POLSAR images show the superior performance of SPRN compared to several state‐of‐the‐art classifiers in terms of various assessment measures.
Simulation test study on fatigue characteristics of circuit breaker insulation pull rod
Authors: Peng Liu , Qingsong Wu , Haoran Wang , Boyuan Cui , Zhehua Wu , Yun Chen , Yong Yang , Zongren Peng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe insulation pull rod is the main transmission mechanism of the circuit breaker. In addition to strong electrical performance, it should also have strong mechanical properties. Studying the dynamic characteristics and response insulation pull rods during opening and closing operation and exploring the changes in mechanical characteristics of insulation pull rods during multiple openings and closings are of great significance. In this paper, a 252kV GIS circuit breaker simulator is used to carry out an opening and closing impact fatigue test on an insulation pull rod. The strain signals of the insulation pull rod during the opening and closing stages are obtained. The strain distribution of insulation pulls rod and the influence of operation times on strain are analyzed. The results show that the force on the pull rod is uneven during operation. The force on the mechanism side and contact side is small, and the force on the rod body is large. Also, the pull rod is unstable and bent under pressure force. The impact response frequency is mainly distributed between 0∼1500Hz. With the increase in operation times, the low‐frequency component of frequency response basically remains unchanged, while the high‐frequency component decreases. After 10000 times opening and closing operations, there was no obvious mechanical loss on the pull rod, but the mechanical properties decreased. The research results can provide reference and basis for the formulation of the performance test method, and specifications of insulating rod materials.
Evaluation of Midkine Expression in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Palaskar Sangeeta , Rongte Sumit R. , Pawar Rasika B. , Gore Rucha , Bartake Anirudha , Narang Bindiya 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction Oral cancer accounts for 3% of all malignancies diagnosed worldwide annually. Midkine (MK) plays a role in oncogenesis and tumor progression, including cell migration, mitogenesis, antiapoptosis, and angiogenesis.
Aim and Objective To study and compare MK expression in various grades of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
Methodology This is a cross-sectional study where 60 archival specimens of OSCC, OED, and control were taken for immunohistochemical examination. Antibody MK (A-9) SC-46701 mouse monoclonal (200µg/mL, Santacruze Biotechnology) was used for immunohistochemical staining. The stained sections were observed under the objective (100 × ) of research microscope (DM 1000 LED) with computer-assisted image analyzer (Leica Application Suit V-4.1). Quantitative analysis was done to count MK reactive cells in all groups. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal–Wallis H test with posthoc Bonferroni's test for multiple group comparisons, and p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results MK expression was observed in OSCC and OED and was absent in control. The distribution of average percentage positivity was significantly higher in OED compared with OSCC and control. Statistically significant correlation was found between the size of the tumor and increased MK expression.
Conclusion MK protein is overexpressed in OED and OSCC, and can be used as biological marker for early detection.
NanoScope Arthroscopy: Lessons Learned in the First 75 Cases
Authors: Oh Christine , Kakar Sanjeev 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground The field of arthroscopy has exponentially grown in the past decade, especially in the realm of upper extremity surgery.Description The use of smaller cameras and further advancements in arthroscopy technology have allowed innovative expansion in the application of arthroscopy in small joints.Clinical Relevance Included in the advancements is the NanoScope, a 1.9-mm flexible scope specifically designed for small joint visualization.
Clinical Characteristics and Management of Colorectal Vascular Malformation in Children: A Retrospective Study of 23 Cases
Authors: Huang Yanbing , Zhuang Peijun , Chen Gong , Huang Yanlei , Dong Kuiran , Xiao Xianmin , Zheng Shan , Sun Song 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction The objective of this study is to summarize the clinical characteristics and management of rare diseases of colorectal vascular malformation (CRVM) in children.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of CRVM patients admitted to the Children's Hospital of Fudan University from 2004 to 2019.
Results A total of 23 cases (16 males, 7 females) were enrolled. The median age of symptom onset was 1.4 years. Hematochezia and anemia were cardinal symptoms. Fourteen patients (60.9%) were misdiagnosed as anal fissures (n = 4), internal hemorrhoids (n = 3), rectal polyps (n = 2), inflammatory bowel disease (n = 2), portal hypertension (n = 2), and Meckel's diverticulum (n = 1), respectively. The average time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 4.5 ± 4.4 years. Other vascular malformations were detected in eight patients (34.8%). All patients showed a positive anomalous vascular image on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The sensitivity of colonoscopy in the diagnosis of CRVM was 82.6% (19/23). A total of 21 patients underwent a modified Soave procedure. The lesions were mostly restricted to the colorectum and showed transmural diffuse distribution, with an average length of 20 ± 5.4 cm. Two patients (9.5%) experienced surgical complications. Bloody stools reappeared in two patients (9.5%), and colonoscopy showed abnormal angiogenesis at the anastomotic site, which were cured by sclerotherapy and/or electrocautery. The median follow-up time was 78 months. Bloody stools were absent at the last time of follow-up, and hemoglobin was in the normal range for all patients.
Conclusion The identification of CRVM in children often is delayed. Colonoscopy, CT, and MRI are essential in making the correct diagnosis. The modified Soave procedure is safe and feasible to treat CRVM in children. Endoscopic sclerotherapy and/or electrocautery can be used for residual lesions.
Examining the relationship of empathy, social support, and prosocial behavior of adolescents in China: a structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Fu Wangqian , Wang Chonggao , Chai Hongqin , Xue Rui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProsocial behavior acting as a precondition for shaping ideal interpersonal relationships, is curial in the development of a person’s social competence. This study examined the association between empathy and prosocial behavior in a sample of 1171 adolescents in China. An empathy questionnaire, social support rating scale, and helping attitude scale were applied in the study. Empathy had an influence on prosocial behavior through social support as a mediating factor. The mediating effect of social support between empathy and prosocial behavior was mainly manifested through perceived social support. The current findings imply that cultivating the empathy of adolescents and promoting their perceived social support may be effective to enhancing their prosocial behavior.
Chronic subjective dizziness among an aging population is associated with amyloid positron emission tomography and neuropsychiatric symptoms
Authors: Al Fakir (Alfakir) Razan 
Published: August 2022

Objectives.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis is widely believed to be driven by the Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition. A relationship between Aβ deposition and objective measures of vestibular function in cognitively intact older adults with peripheral vestibular disorders had gained previous attention; however, no significant relationship between the two was observed. The aim of this study was to examine the association between chronic subjective dizziness (CSD) and Aβ deposition among older adults who are at risk of AD.

Methods.
The study included 5707 participants without dementia, enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Study of Ageing with reported dizziness, neuropsychological and cognitive evaluations, and brain imaging at baseline and for every 15-months.

Results.
A total of 924 ageing adults reported dizziness at baseline. The estimated risk of developing CSD at 10-year was 49%. The CSD group is twice likely to have elevated Aβ deposition (HR = 2.23; p ≤ .001) compared to the control group. After controlling for demographic and other risk factors, CSD was significantly associated with Aβ deposition [HR = 1.8, p ≤ .001]. The status of neuropsychiatric symptoms plays a significant role in this association [HR = 1.0, p ≤ .001].

Conclusion.
CSD was associated with Aβ deposition in older adults who are at risk of AD including those without dementia and cognitively unimpaired individuals, and modestly more significant cognitive decline during follow-up. The status of neuropsychiatric symptoms plays a significant role in this association. Screening for and appropriately managing CSD as a risk factor for AD may be warranted.
A spatial attention guided deep learning system for prediction of pathological complete response using breast cancer histopathology images
Authors: Duanmu Hongyi , Bhattarai Shristi , Li Hongxiao , Shi Zhan , Wang Fusheng , Teodoro George , Gogineni Keerthi , Subhedar Preeti , Kiraz Umay , Janssen Emiel A M , Aneja Ritu , Kong Jun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Motivation
Predicting pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients accurately is direly needed for clinical decision making. pCR is also regarded as a strong predictor of overall survival. In this work, we propose a deep learning system to predict pCR to NAC based on serial pathology images stained with hematoxylin and eosin and two immunohistochemical biomarkers (Ki67 and PHH3). To support human prior domain knowledge-based guidance and enhance interpretability of the deep learning system, we introduce a human knowledge-derived spatial attention mechanism to inform deep learning models of informative tissue areas of interest. For each patient, three serial breast tumor tissue sections from biopsy blocks were sectioned, stained in three different stains and integrated. The resulting comprehensive attention information from the image triplets is used to guide our prediction system for prognostic tissue regions.

Results
The experimental dataset consists of 26 419 pathology image patches of 1000×1000 pixels from 73 TNBC patients treated with NAC. Image patches from randomly selected 43 patients are used as a training dataset and images patches from the rest 30 are used as a testing dataset. By the maximum voting from patch-level results, our proposed model achieves a 93% patient-level accuracy, outperforming baselines and other state-of-the-art systems, suggesting its high potential for clinical decision making.

Availability and implementation
The codes, the documentation and example data are available on an open source at: https://github.com/jkonglab/PCR_Prediction_Serial_WSIs_biomarkers

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Finding a pathway through the rocks: the role of development on the evolution of quasi-terrestriality and the origin of endotrophism in cycloramphids (Anura)
Authors: Colaço Gustavo , da Silva Helio Ricardo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnurans have served as models in evolutionary studies on reproduction and development. Several generalizations have emerged but it is unclear whether they represent the diversity of the entire group. We studied the development of two species of the Neotropical family Cycloramphidae. Frogs in this family have peculiar spawning sites and developmental biologies. Whereas some cycloramphid tadpoles are exotrophic, quasi-terrestrial and thrive in films of water that flow over rocky outcrops, others are endotrophic, terrestrial and complete their development outside the eggs laid on the forest floor, under logs or in crevices. Cycloramphid tadpoles have aspects of their morphology distinct from those of pond and stream dwellers; they hatch in more advanced stages of development and have typical tadpole structures, either in a modified form or absent. Herein we present a study of the tadpoles of C. lithomimeticus and T. miliaris, in order to document and discuss alterations in the ontogeny of several larval structures. These changes seem to be associated with adaptations to life in the peculiar habitats where the tadpoles thrive. We infer that the observations we present are explained by development being associated with aspects of terrestrialization and endotrophism.
Tau positron emission tomography in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Insel Philip S , Young Christina B , Aisen Paul S , Johnson Keith A , Sperling Reisa A , Mormino Elizabeth C , Donohue Michael C 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRates of tau accumulation in cognitively unimpaired older adults are subtle, with magnitude and spatial patterns varying in recent reports. Regional accumulation also likely varies in the degree to which accumulation is amyloid-β-dependent. Thus, there is a need to evaluate the pattern and consistency of tau accumulation across multiple cognitively unimpaired cohorts and how these patterns relate to amyloid burden, in order to design optimal tau end points for clinical trials.Using three large cohorts of cognitively unimpaired older adults, the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer’s and companion study, Longitudinal Evaluation of Amyloid Risk and Neurodegeneration (n = 447), the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (n = 420) and the Harvard Aging Brain Study (n = 190), we attempted to identify regions with high rates of tau accumulation and estimate how these rates evolve over a continuous spectrum of baseline amyloid deposition. Optimal combinations of regions, tailored to multiple ranges of baseline amyloid burden as hypothetical clinical trial inclusion criteria, were tested and validated.The inferior temporal cortex, fusiform gyrus and middle temporal cortex had the largest effect sizes of accumulation in both longitudinal cohorts when considered individually. When tau regions of interest were combined to find composite weights to maximize the effect size of tau change over time, both longitudinal studies exhibited a similar pattern—inferior temporal cortex, almost exclusively, was optimal for participants with mildly elevated amyloid β levels. For participants with highly elevated baseline amyloid β levels, combined optimal composite weights were 53% inferior temporal cortex, 31% amygdala and 16% fusiform. At mildly elevated levels of baseline amyloid β, a sample size of 200/group required a treatment effect of 0.40–0.45 (40–45% slowing of tau accumulation) to power an 18-month trial using the optimized composite. Neither a temporal lobe composite nor a global composite reached 80% power with 200/group with an effect size under 0.5.The focus of early tau accumulation on the medial temporal lobe has resulted from the observation that the entorhinal cortex is the initial site to show abnormal levels of tau with age. However, these abnormal levels do not appear to be the result of a high rate of accumulation in the short term, but possibly a more moderate rate occurring early with respect to age. While the entorhinal cortex plays a central role in the early appearance of tau, it may be the inferior temporal cortex that is the critical region for rapid tau accumulation in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease.
Impact of Chemoprophylaxis on Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale Infection Among Civilian Travelers: A Nested Case-Control Study With a Counterfactual Approach on 862 Patients
Authors: Le Goff Maëlle , Kendjo Eric , Thellier Marc , Piarroux Renaud , Boelle Pierre-Yves , Jauréguiberry Stéphane ,   for the French National Reference Centre for Imported Malaria Study Group
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
The impact of chemoprophylaxis targeting Plasmodium falciparum on Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale, which may remain quiescent as hypnozoites in the liver, is debated.

Methods
We conducted a nested case-control analysis of the outcomes of P. vivax and P. ovale infections in imported malaria cases in France among civilian travelers from 1 January 2006, to 31 December 2017. Using adjusted logistic regression, we assessed the effect of chemoprophylaxis on the incubation period, time from symptoms to diagnosis, management, blood results, symptoms, and hospitalization duration. We analyzed the effect of blood-stage drugs (doxycycline, mefloquine, chloroquine, chloroquine-proguanil) or atovaquone-proguanil on the incubation period. We used a counterfactual approach to ascertain the causal effect of chemoprophylaxis on postinfection characteristics.

Results
Among 247 P. vivax– and 615 P. ovale–infected travelers, 30% and 47%, respectively, used chemoprophylaxis, and 7 (3%) and 8 (1%) were severe cases. Chemoprophylaxis users had a greater risk of presenting symptoms &gt;2 months after returning for both species (P. vivax odds ratio [OR], 2.91 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.22–6.95], P = .02; P. ovale OR, 2.28 [95% CI, 1.47–3.53], P &lt; .001). Using drugs only acting on the blood stage was associated with delayed symptom onset after 60 days, while using atovaquone-proguanil was not.

Conclusions
Civilian travelers infected with P. vivax or P. ovale reporting chemoprophylaxis use, especially of blood-stage agents, had a greater risk of delayed onset of illness. The impact of chemoprophylaxis on the outcomes of infection with relapse-causing species calls for new chemoprophylaxis acting against erythrocytic and liver stages.