bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-consistent modelling of the Milky Way’s nuclear stellar disc
Authors: Sormani Mattia C , Sanders Jason L , Fritz Tobias K , Smith Leigh C , Gerhard Ortwin , Schödel Rainer , Magorrian John , Neumayer Nadine , Nogueras-Lara Francisco , Feldmeier-Krause Anja , Mastrobuono-Battisti Alessandra , Schultheis Mathias , Shahzamanian Banafsheh , Vasiliev Eugene , Klessen Ralf S , Lucas Philip , Minniti Dante 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The nuclear stellar disc (NSD) is a flattened high-density stellar structure that dominates the gravitational field of the Milky Way at Galactocentric radius $30\, {\rm pc}\lesssim R\lesssim 300\, {\rm pc}$. We construct axisymmetric self-consistent equilibrium dynamical models of the NSD in which the distribution function is an analytic function of the action variables. We fit the models to the normalized kinematic distributions (line-of-sight velocities + VIRAC2 proper motions) of stars in the NSD survey of Fritz et al., taking the foreground contamination due to the Galactic Bar explicitly into account using an N-body model. The posterior marginalized probability distributions give a total mass of $M_{\rm NSD} = 10.5^{+1.1}_{-1.0} \times 10^8 \, \, \rm M_\odot$, roughly exponential radial and vertical scale lengths of $R_{\rm disc} = 88.6^{+9.2}_{-6.9} \, {\rm pc}$ and $H_{\rm disc}=28.4^{+5.5}_{-5.5} \, {\rm pc}$, respectively, and a velocity dispersion $\sigma \simeq 70\, {\rm km\, s^{-1}}$ that decreases with radius. We find that the assumption that the NSD is axisymmetric provides a good representation of the data. We quantify contamination from the Galactic Bar in the sample, which is substantial in most observed fields. Our models provide the full 6D (position + velocity) distribution function of the NSD, which can be used to generate predictions for future surveys. We make the models publicly available as part of the software package agama.
IgA vasculitis following COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Nishimura Naoya , Shiomichi Yasuko , Takeuchi Satoshi , Akamine Shun , Yoneda Reiko , Yoshizawa Seiji 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis is generally triggered by infectious causes, but it has also been reported after immunisation with various vaccines. Herein, we report two cases of IgA vasculitis after receiving the first or second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT16B2b2 mRNA vaccine. Two men, aged 22 and 30 years, developed palpable purpura on the extremities and arthritis. One patient also complained of fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. Laboratory findings revealed mild leucocytosis and slightly elevated C-reactive protein levels, although the platelet count and coagulation profile were within normal levels in both cases. Proteinuria and microhaematuria were seen in one patient. Skin biopsies were performed in both patients and revealed leucocytoclastic vasculitis. The deposits of IgA and C3 were shown in immunofluorescence studies in one patient. Both patients were diagnosed with IgA vasculitis and treated with prednisolone, and their symptoms resolved within 1 week after initiation of treatment. The coronavirus disease 2019 mRNA vaccine could trigger IgA vasculitis; however, a coincidence cannot be ruled out.
Identification of Distinct Long COVID Clinical Phenotypes Through Cluster Analysis of Self-Reported Symptoms
Authors: Kenny Grace , McCann Kathleen , O’Brien Conor , Savinelli Stefano , Tinago Willard , Yousif Obada , Lambert John S , O’Broin Cathal , Feeney Eoin R , De Barra Eoghan , Doran Peter , Mallon Patrick W G ,   All-Ireland Infectious Diseases (AIID) Cohort Study Group, Cotter A , Muldoon E , Sheehan G , McGinty T , Lambert J S , Green S , Leamy K , Kenny G , McCann K , McCann R , O’Broin C , Waqas S , Savinelli S , Feeney E , Mallon P W G , Garcia Leon A , Miles S , Alalwan D , Negi R , de Barra E , McConkey S , Hurley K , Sulaiman I , Horgan M , Sadlier C , Eustace J , Kelly C , Bracken T , Whelan B , Low J , Yousif O , McNicholas B , Courtney G , Gavin P 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
We aimed to describe the clinical presentation of individuals presenting with prolonged recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), known as long COVID.

Methods
This was an analysis within a multicenter, prospective cohort study of individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and persistent symptoms &gt;4 weeks from onset of acute symptoms. We performed a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) on the most common self-reported symptoms and hierarchical clustering on the results of the MCA to identify symptom clusters.

Results
Two hundred thirty-three individuals were included in the analysis; the median age of the cohort was 43 (interquartile range [IQR], 36–54) years, 74% were women, and 77.3% reported a mild initial illness. MCA and hierarchical clustering revealed 3 clusters. Cluster 1 had predominantly pain symptoms with a higher proportion of joint pain, myalgia, and headache; cluster 2 had a preponderance of cardiovascular symptoms with prominent chest pain, shortness of breath, and palpitations; and cluster 3 had significantly fewer symptoms than the other clusters (2 [IQR, 2–3] symptoms per individual in cluster 3 vs 6 [IQR, 5–7] and 4 [IQR, 3–5] in clusters 1 and 2, respectively; P &lt; .001). Clusters 1 and 2 had greater functional impairment, demonstrated by significantly longer work absence, higher dyspnea scores, and lower scores in SF-36 domains of general health, physical functioning, and role limitation due to physical functioning and social functioning.

Conclusions
Clusters of symptoms are evident in long COVID patients that are associated with functional impairments and may point to distinct underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms of disease.
Acute complications in children with sickle cell disease: Prevention and management
Authors: Beck Carolyn E , Trottier Evelyne D , Kirby-Allen Melanie , Pastore Yves 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic, multi-system disease that requires comprehensive care. The sickling of red blood cells leads to hemolysis and vascular occlusion. Complications include hemolytic anemia, pain syndromes, and organ damage. Patterns of immigration and an increase in newborn screening mean that paediatric health care providers across Canada, in small and large centres alike, need to be knowledgeable about SCD. This statement focuses on principles of prevention, advocacy, and the rapid treatment of common acute complications. Guidance includes the current status of newborn screening, recommendations for immunizations and antibiotic prophylaxis, and an introduction to hydroxyurea, a medication that reduces both morbidity and mortality in children with SCD. Case vignettes demonstrate principles of care for common acute complications of SCD: vaso-occlusive episodes (VOE), acute chest syndrome (ACS), fever, splenic sequestration, aplastic crises, and stroke. Finally, principles of blood transfusion are highlighted, along with indications for both straight and exchange blood transfusions.
Leveraging the power of media to drive cognition: a media-informed approach to naturalistic neuroscience
Authors: Grall Clare , Finn Emily S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
So-called ‘naturalistic’ stimuli have risen in popularity in cognitive, social and affective neuroscience over the last 15 years. However, a critical property of these stimuli is frequently overlooked: Media—like film, television, books and podcasts—are ‘fundamentally not natural’. They are deliberately crafted products meant to elicit particular human thought, emotion and behavior. Here, we argue for a more informed approach to adopting media stimuli in experimental paradigms. We discuss the pitfalls of combining stimuli that are designed for research with those that are designed for other purposes (e.g. entertainment) under the umbrella term of ‘naturalistic’ and present strategies to improve rigor in the stimulus selection process. We assert that experiencing media should be considered a task akin to any other experimental task(s) and explain how this shift in perspective will compel more nuanced and generalizable research using these stimuli. Throughout, we offer theoretical and practical knowledge from multidisciplinary media research to raise the standard for the treatment of media stimuli in neuroscience research.
Neurotransmitters of sleep and wakefulness in flatworms
Authors: Omond Shauni E T , Hale Matthew W , Lesku John A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
Sleep is a prominent behavioral and biochemical state observed in all animals studied, including platyhelminth flatworms. Investigations into the biochemical mechanisms associated with sleep—and wakefulness—are important for understanding how these states are regulated and how that regulation changed with the evolution of new types of animals. Unfortunately, beyond a handful of vertebrates, such studies on invertebrates are rare.

Methods
We investigated the effect of seven neurotransmitters, and one pharmacological compound, that modulate either sleep or wakefulness in mammals, on flatworms (Girardia tigrina). Flatworms were exposed via ingestion and diffusion to four neurotransmitters that promote wakefulness in vertebrates (acetylcholine, dopamine, glutamate, histamine), and three that induce sleep (adenosine, GABA, serotonin) along with the H1 histamine receptor antagonist pyrilamine. Compounds were administered over concentrations spanning three to five orders of magnitude. Flatworms were then transferred to fresh water and video recorded for analysis.

Results
Dopamine and histamine decreased the time spent inactive and increased distance traveled, consistent with their wake-promoting effect in vertebrates and fruit flies; pyrilamine increased restfulness and GABA showed a nonsignificant trend towards promoting restfulness in a dose-dependent manner, in agreement with their sleep-inducing effect in vertebrates, fruit flies, and Hydra. Similar to Hydra, acetylcholine, glutamate, and serotonin, but also adenosine, had no apparent effect on flatworm behavior.

Conclusions
These data demonstrate the potential of neurotransmitters to regulate sleep and wakefulness in flatworms and highlight the conserved action of some neurotransmitters across species.
Absence of Connexin 43 Results in Smaller Retinas and Arrested, Depolarized Retinal Progenitor Cells in Human Retinal Organoids
Authors: Cheng Lin , Cring Matthew R , Wadkins David A , Kuehn Markus H 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The development of the vertebrate retina relies on complex regulatory mechanisms to achieve its characteristic layered morphology containing multiple neuronal cell types. While connexin 43 (CX43) is not expressed by mature retinal neurons, mutations in its gene GJA1 are associated with microphthalmia and low vision in patients. To delineate how lack of CX43 affects retinal development, GJA1 was disrupted in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) (GJA1−/−) using CRISPR/Cas9 editing, and these were subsequently differentiated into retinal organoids. GJA1−/− hiPSCs do not display defects in self-renewal and pluripotency, but the resulting organoids are smaller with a thinner neural retina and decreased abundance of many retinal cell types. CX43-deficient organoids express lower levels of the neural marker PAX6 and the retinal progenitor cell (RPC) markers PAX6, SIX3, and SIX6. Conversely, expression of the early neuroectoderm markers SOX1 and SOX2 remains high in GJA1−/− organoids throughout their development. The lack of CX43 results in an increased population of CHX10-positive RPCs that are smaller, disorganized, do not become polarized, and possess a limited ability to commit to retinal fate specification. Our data indicate that lack of CX43 causes a developmental arrest in RPCs that subsequently leads to pan-retinal defects and stunted ocular growth.
Identification and Characterization of Wheat–Aegilops comosa 7M (7A) Disomic Substitution Lines with Stripe Rust and Powdery Mildew Resistance
Authors: Zuo Yuanyuan , Dai Shoufen , Song Zhongping , Xiang Qin , Li Wenjia , Liu Gang , Li Jian , Xu Donghe , Yan Zehong 
Published: March 2022

Aegilops comosa (MM, 2n = 2x = 14), an important diploid species from the wheat tertiary gene pool, contains many unique genes/traits of potential use for wheat breeding, such as disease resistance. In this study, three sister lines, NAL-32, NAL-33, and NAL-34, were identified from a wheat–A. comosa distant cross using fluorescence in situ hybridization, simple sequence repeat markers, and PCR-based unique gene markers combined with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis. Genetically, NAL-32 contained neither an alien nor translocation chromosome, whereas NAL-33 and NAL-34 had disomic 7M (7A) substitution chromosomes but differed in the absence or presence of the 1BL/1RS translocation chromosomes, respectively. The absence of 7A in NAL-33 and NAL-34 and the unusual 1B in the latter were verified by wheat 55K SNP arrays. The two 7M (7A) substitution lines had similar levels of resistance to stripe rust and powdery mildew, but better than that of NAL-32 and their common wheat parents, suggesting that the stripe rust and powdery mildew resistance of NAL-33 and NAL-34 were derived from the 7M of A. comosa. This research provides important bridge materials that can potentially be used for transferring stripe rust and powdery mildew resistance.
Breastfeeding Infants in Women with Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: King Cheryl 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT:
An interprofessional approach from healthcare professionals can assist the woman with opioid use disorder (OUD) to become free of using opioids during pregnancy and beyond. These vulnerable women and their newborns need extended community support. The purpose of this article is to provide foundational information and standards that support the collaboration of community professionals in providing healthcare and treatment options for the woman with OUD to promote the family unit remaining together, support bonding, and encourage lactation/breastfeeding. Women with OUD need guidance from Christian nurses and the community as they transition to sobriety, motherhood, and breastfeeding.
Teaching Faith Community Nursing on Short-Term Medical Missions in Nigeria
Authors: Otey Tamara D. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this study was to empower interprofessional Nigerian healthcare volunteers with knowledge and skills to promote community health. The U.S. researcher engaged in community-based participatory research in the context of a long-term partnership of annual short-term medical missions. Using a pre/posttest study design, three Nigerian nurses and the researcher co-taught Foundations of Faith Community Nursing in a 3-day class to 76 participants. The t-test analysis and informal evaluation of participants' performance at a mobile clinic demonstrated strong evidence of learning, suggesting that the teaching was an effective method to empower members of the Nigerian interprofessional team with the knowledge and skill to provide effective culturally congruent community healthcare.
Starting a New Faith Community Nursing Program
Authors: Witherspoon Mary , Stanford Deb 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT:
Faith community nursing, also known as congregational nursing or parish nursing, is a relatively new addition in the pantheon of nursing subspecialties. Nurses working in this role tailor their services according to the needs of the faith community and often to the community at large. This article describes how one nurse pursued the specialty and helped initiate faith community nursing in her own church.
Patient Expectations for Symptomatic Improvement before Cubital Tunnel Release
Authors: Rogers Miranda J. , Agwuncha Chinelo C. , Kazmers Nikolas H. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Patient expectations before cubital tunnel release (CuTR), a common procedure that leads to incomplete symptom resolution for many patients, are unclear. Study purposes included (1) describing preoperative patient expectations, and (2) identifying factors affecting expectations.

Methods:
Included patients underwent isolated unilateral CuTR between 2015 and 2021 at a single tertiary academic medical center. Expectations regarding the level of symptomatic improvement were queried preoperatively. Univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with expecting great improvement.

Results:
Of the 92 included patients, 43 (47%) patients expected great improvement, whereas 27 (29%), four (4%), and five patients (5%) expected some, little, and no improvement, respectively. The remainder (14%) had no expectations. Multivariable modeling demonstrated that retired or unemployed/disabled work status, and commercial insurance status (versus Medicare or Medicaid) were associated with lower expectations independent of the surgeon, surgical technique, revision versus primary CuTR, preoperative atrophy or constant numbness, diabetes, and all studied demographic factors, including social deprivation.

Conclusions:
Roughly half of the patients expect great relief, and a third expect lesser degrees of relief, following CuTR. Preoperative expectations are significantly higher in patients with Medicaid and Medicare insurance, representing an opportunity for education, given the association between public insurance payer status and worse health outcomes in general. Age, BMI, preoperative atrophy and/or numbness, and the presence of medical comorbidities do not influence expectations but have been shown to yield worse outcomes or influence need for revision CuTR, representing an opportunity for intervention to align patient and surgeon expectations.
Recurrent pain in school-aged children: a longitudinal study focusing on the relation to academic achievement
Authors: Ragnarsson Susanne , Johansson Klara , Bergström Erik , Sjöberg Gunnar , Hurtig Anna-Karin , Petersen Solveig 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recurrent pain is an increasing public health problem among school-aged children, with potential negative impact on children's daily lives, such as schoolwork. The overall aim of this study was to investigate whether recurrent pain in school year 6 was associated with poorer academic achievement at the end of elementary school in school year 9. The study was a follow-up study based on data from “The Study of Health in School-Aged Children from Umeå”. Participants were 1567 children aged 12 to 13 years who attended school year 6. A follow-up was performed in school year 9, when the children were 16 years old. The children answered a questionnaire about recurrent pain (headache, stomachache, and backache). Information about academic achievement was collected from school registers. The results showed that having weekly recurrent pain in school year 6 predicted lower final overall grade points in school year 9 than in children with no recurrent pain. This applied for recurrent headache, stomachache, backache, and multiple pains and for both girls and boys. Recurrent pain did not predict secondary school eligibility, however. Perceived problems with academic achievement and problems with concentration partly mediated the association between recurrent pain and lower final overall grade points. Sleep problems were not associated with academic achievement and were therefore not a mediator. Thus, the results suggest that recurrent pain may predict later impairment of academic achievement and that problems with concentration and children's perceived achievement in school, but not sleep problems, may partly explain this relationship.
A Systematic Review of Risk Factors for Development, Recurrence, and Progression of Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: Jamieson Amy , Tse Samantha S. , Brar Harinder , Sadownik Leslie A. , Proctor Lily 
Published: March 2022

Objective
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is a premalignant condition with high recurrence rates despite treatment. Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia develops through separate etiologic pathways relative to the presence or absence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and TP53 mutations. This systematic review was conducted (1) to identify historical risk factors for the development, recurrence, and progression of VIN and (2) to critique these risk factors in the context of advances made in the stratification of VIN based on HPV or TP53 status.

Materials and Methods
A systematic search was performed on MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Database, PsychInfo, and CINAHL from inception to July 5, 2021. Three gynecologic oncologists independently evaluated the eligibility of studies based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, abstracted data, and then analyzed the relevant data.

Results
A total of 1,969 studies (involving 6,983 patients) were identified. Twenty-nine studies met inclusion criteria. The quality of evidence was low; primarily level 2b (Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine). Risk factors associated with the development of VIN include: smoking and coexisting vulvar dermatoses. Risk factors associated with recurrence include: smoking, multifocal disease, and positive surgical margins. Recent studies identified the presence of differentiated VIN/TP53 mutation as the most significant risk factor for both VIN recurrence and malignant progression.

Conclusions
The current body of evidence consists primarily of small retrospective observational studies. Well-designed retrospective case-control series and/or prospective observational studies are urgently needed. Ideally, future studies will collect standardized data regarding associated risk factors and stratify women with VIN based on HPV and TP53 status.
A review of the AURORA and BLISS trials: will it revolutionize the treatment of lupus nephritis?
Authors: Asif Sabaa , Bargman Joanne , Auguste Bourne 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of review
Renal involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus can lead to significant complications including end-stage renal disease. Treatment of lupus nephritis has evolved over the last several decades, but despite this evolution, many patients fail to achieve remission and often progress to end-stage kidney disease or carry a burden of adverse side effects related to treatment.

Recent findings
The recent findings from AURORA 1 and BLISS LN trials led the FDA to approve voclosporin and belimumab for the treatment of lupus nephritis. The AURORA 1 trial demonstrated that voclosporin, a second-generation calcineurin inhibitor, effectively lowers proteinuria in patients with lupus nephritis, when added to mycophenolate mofetil with a better safety profile, compared with other calcineurin inhibitors. The BLISS LN trial revealed better control of disease and lower risk of progression to end stage kidney disease (ESKD) and relapses in patients treated with belimumab in addition to standard therapy.

Summary
Both voclosporin and belimumab are costly and have not shown any early evidence to revolutionize practice in the management of lupus nephritis. Until more data are made available with future studies or other cost-effective treatment options become available, the widespread adoption and utility of these novel agents remains limited.