bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An optimal study of serpentine channel with various configurations based on response surface analysis
Authors: Zou Yanhui , Wei Lichuan , Lu Zhao , Qin Siyu , Cao Feng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The liquid-cooled battery thermal management system (BTMS) using cold plates is widely adopted to control the operating temperature of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. The thermal performance of the cold plate is influenced by the configuration of the channels. To improve the temperature uniformity of batteries and reduce the power consumption of BTMS, the heat transfer and flow resistance of serpentine cold plates with various configurations were numerically investigated and optimized in this study. Two serpentine cold plates with different configurations of flow path (FP) are also studied. Channel width (W
c), fin thickness (T
f) and channel height (H
c) were selected as key design parameters while maximum temperature difference (ΔT
max) and pressure drop (ΔP) were chosen as objective functions. The response surface methodology (RSM) is applied to study the effects of the three design parameters and obtain the regression equations of ΔT
max and ΔP. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is then adopted to optimize the structural parameters. It can be concluded that the cold plate with 4 FP and 6 straight channels (SC) in each FP (4FP-6SC) possesses better performance compared with 8FP-3SC under the same structure design. The channel width has a significant influence on the maximum temperature difference, while a larger channel height reduces the pressure drop greatly. The optimized results show that the pressure drop is decreased by 89.14% based on NSGA-II optimization while the maximum temperature difference is maintained within the proper rage, which indicate that the performance of the serpentine cold plate is effectively improved. The proposed methods and results can provide guidance for the structural design of the serpentine cold plate.
Application of synergic evidence-based design and sustainable technology strategies in off-grid residential NZEBs in the severe cold zone of China: A case study of The Steppe Ark
Authors: Shi Shaohang , Yu Lening , Liu Chao-Hung , Wang Yiqiao , Zhu Ning 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Based on synergic evidence-based design principles, building practices can achieve sustainable benefits throughout the life cycle. Taking example of an off-grid residential nearly zero energy building (NZEB) in China’s severe cold zone, the application and sustainability assessment of sustainable technologies can be comprehensively achieved through a closed-loop process: preliminary research, technology development & evaluation, on-site construction and feedback & optimisation. The Steppe Ark is one of such a residential building that takes synergic evidence-based design strategies, proposing and validating three types of technology strategies: integrated design of space based on function and performance, high performance passive technology and efficient active technology. The results show that: (1) the NZEB-oriented building envelope improves the thermal stability of the building, with indoor temperatures decreasing by only 0.07°C per hour when no equipment in operation; (2) the variable multifunctional façade and daylight reflectors have good lighting and insulation energy efficiency, with a combined energy saving rate of 22.1%; (3) Flat gravity heat pipes and thermal storage materials (bricks and PCM) have good performance in terms of heat storage and release. The average indoor daytime temperature can be increased by 3.80°C; the daily temperature difference can be reduced by 52.85% compared to the control group; (4) Stirling motors generate electricity while utilizing the waste heat for the building’s floor heating system; (5) the 5.5kWp BIPV system can generate 6.65MWh of electricity per year. This study proposes a pathway for assessing the suitability of building technology through synergic evidence-based design principles. The analysis shows that three types of technology strategies in off-grid residential NZEBs in the severe cold zone of China can achieve good environmental and economically sustainable benefits.
Investigation of Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Comfort of a College Building in Hyderabad, India
Authors: Sugumar Pradeepkumar , Krishnan Thulasirajan , Abhinav B L V V D S S , Bhavana P , Sri Kavya B , Yeshwanth V , Murali Krishna K 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The aim of this present study is to investigate the indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal comfort (TC) of the class and faculty rooms at a college in Hyderabad, India. The concentrations of air pollution at class and faculty rooms available across four floors were determined with the help of indoor air quality monitoring equipment. The measurements were conducted continuously in the indoor and outdoor environment for 07 months with the variation in two different seasons such as monsoon and winter. The collected data were analyzed and compared with the Indian green building code (IGBC). Different parameters such as temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon mono-oxide (CO), oxygen (O2), total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), and particulate matter (PM 2.5 & 10) were analyzed.
The mean concentrations of PM 2.5 in all four floors were slightly above the IGBC standards in monsoon seasons and higher in winter seasons. Indoor PM 10 was higher as per IGBC in the winter season as compared with that in monsoon season. TVOC, CO, and CO2 showed significantly higher in class and faculty rooms of all the four floors in both seasons. The predicted mean vote (PMV) index shows a significantly cold when compared with the thermal sensation scale which can accelerate the respiratory tract infectious diseases. Each floor shows different concentration levels of all the above-mentioned IAQ parameters.
A questionnaire was developed, and a survey was conducted to analyze the comfort indices and responsible conditions for dissatisfactory factors. The results obtained from the daily monitoring parameters were compared with the survey questionnaire. The inferences were developed based on the PM 2.5 & 10 and CO2 concentration levels. Based on the obtained inferences and as per the IGBC standards specific suggestions were given to alter the building physiology.
Exploring the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from the current municipal solid waste system of Kazakhstan: case study of Nur-Sultan city
Authors: Temireyeva A , Zhunussova K , Aidabulov M , Shah D , Sarbassov Y 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As we move forward, municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills, particularly in developing countries, contribute notably to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, the MSW sector plays a key role in planning strategies for developing countries such as Kazakhstan to decrease GHG emissions. With respect to the Paris Agreement, Kazakhstan has set the target of reducing GHG emissions to 15-25% by 2030 compared to the level of 1991, which will undoubtedly require certain measures in the field of MSW management. Several recent articles have been published on the waste management sector of Kazakhstan; however, none have explicitly focused on the impact of greenhouse gas emissions and possible pathways towards sustainable management. Thus, this paper describes the existing MSW system in Nur Sultan city as representative for the rest of the country. The quantitative evaluation of GHG emissions from the existing MSW system in the capital is carried out based on the IPCC methodology using the SWM-GHG calculator developed by the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (IFEU). An assessment and cost analysis of a set of several suitable MSW management scenarios, such as scenario 1: existing case (15% recycling rate and 85% disposal), scenario 2: 30% recyclable materials, and 70% sanitary landfill with gas collection; scenario 3: 30% recyclable materials and 70% biological stabilization and landfill without gas collection; scenario 4: 30% recyclable materials, 20% composting and 50% waste to be sent to the WtE plant (incineration). The level of GHG emissions decreases with the introduction of more integrated waste management methods, but requires more financial investments. Therefore, Scenario 3 is the most efficient to implement in terms of the combination of cost of €19.4 million/year and magnitude of GHG emissions of 48 kt of CO2 eq/year. The outcomes of this work will help to extrapolate the model to other large cities in Kazakhstan
Development of biochar from floral waste for the removal of heavy metal (copper) from the synthetic wastewater
Authors: Racha Udayteja , Sukhavasi Purna Chand , Anuroop P , Chaitanya Rapelli 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, Heavy metals are the prime concern due to their adverse effects on the environment and human beings. It is discharged from various industries such as mining, metal finishing, electroplating, glass, textiles, ceramics, and storage batteries. Copper is the metal used in many electronic devices and involved in other production processes. On the other hand, the amount of floral waste generated from temples and festivals/celebrations are increasing day by day, its impact on the solid waste management process is huge and it creates a fouling smell when it is disposed of improperly. Therefore, the present aim of the project is to utilize the waste flowers for the development of biochar where it is used in the removal of heavy metal i.e., copper from synthetic wastewater. The other advantage of floral biochar is the increase in soil organic matter (SOM) which can influence the soil microclimate, microbial community structure, biomass turnover, and mineralization of nutrients.
The preparation, physicochemical properties, and adsorption mechanisms of floral waste biochar in removing copper metal from synthetic wastewater have been discussed in this study. Biochar was prepared by involving intense carbonation and activated by the acid-alkaline medium. The synthetic heavy metal (copper) wastewater was prepared in the laboratory. 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% of biochar was used in this study. The maximum removal efficiency and sorption capacity was 91.69% and 0.087 mmol/g respectively.
This study demonstrated that adsorbent materials have a stronger heavy-metal adsorption capacity. It can be concluded from this study that adsorption is a very efficient technique for the removal or recovery of heavy metals from the environment. This biochar can be a better alternative for commercially activated carbon based on its production cost, efficiently remove metal ions.
SFGAE: a

s

elf-

f

eature-based

g

raph

a

uto

e

ncoder model for miRNA–disease associations prediction
Authors: Ma Mingyuan , Na Sen , Zhang Xiaolu , Chen Congzhou , Xu Jin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Increasing evidence has suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) are important biomarkers of various diseases. Numerous graph neural network (GNN) models have been proposed for predicting miRNA–disease associations. However, the existing GNN-based methods have over-smoothing issue—the learned feature embeddings of miRNA nodes and disease nodes are indistinguishable when stacking multiple GNN layers. This issue makes the performance of the methods sensitive to the number of layers, and significantly hurts the performance when more layers are employed. In this study, we resolve this issue by a novel self-feature-based graph autoencoder model, shortened as SFGAE. The key novelty of SFGAE is to construct miRNA-self embeddings and disease-self embeddings, and let them be independent of graph interactions between two types of nodes. The novel self-feature embeddings enrich the information of typical aggregated feature embeddings, which aggregate the information from direct neighbors and hence heavily rely on graph interactions. SFGAE adopts a graph encoder with attention mechanism to concatenate aggregated feature embeddings and self-feature embeddings, and adopts a bilinear decoder to predict links. Our experiments show that SFGAE achieves state-of-the-art performance. In particular, SFGAE improves the average AUC upon recent GAEMDA [1] on the benchmark datasets HMDD v2.0 and HMDD v3.2, and consistently performs better when less (e.g. 10%) training samples are used. Furthermore, SFGAE effectively overcomes the over-smoothing issue and performs stably well on deeper models (e.g. eight layers). Finally, we carry out case studies on three human diseases, colon neoplasms, esophageal neoplasms and kidney neoplasms, and perform a survival analysis using kidney neoplasm as an example. The results suggest that SFGAE is a reliable tool for predicting potential miRNA–disease associations.
CovidGraph: a graph to fight COVID-19
Authors: Gütebier Lea , Bleimehl Tim , Henkel Ron , Munro Jamie , Müller Sebastian , Morgner Axel , Laenge Jakob , Pachauer Anke , Erdl Alexander , Weimar Jens , Walther Langendorf Kirsten , Vialard Vincent , Liebig Thorsten , Preusse Martin , Waltemath Dagmar , Jarasch Alexander 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Summary
Reliable and integrated data are prerequisites for effective research on the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The CovidGraph project integrates and connects heterogeneous COVID-19 data in a knowledge graph, referred to as ‘CovidGraph’. It provides easy access to multiple data sources through a single point of entry and enables flexible data exploration.

Availability and Implementation
More information on CovidGraph is available from the project website: https://healthecco.org/covidgraph/. Source code and documentation are provided on GitHub: https://github.com/covidgraph.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data is available at Bioinformatics online.
Impact of the Use of Oral Antiviral Agents on the Risk of Hospitalization in Community Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients (COVID-19)
Authors: Yip Terry Cheuk-Fung , Lui Grace Chung-Yan , Lai Mandy Sze-Man , Wong Vincent Wai-Sun , Tse Yee-Kit , Ma Bosco Hon-Ming , Hui Elsie , Leung Maria K W , Chan Henry Lik-Yuen , Hui David Shu-Cheong , Wong Grace Lai-Hung 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
We examined the effectiveness of molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in reducing hospitalization and deaths in a real-world cohort of nonhospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods
This was a territory-wide retrospective cohort study in Hong Kong. Nonhospitalized COVID-19 patients who attended designated outpatient clinics between 16 February and 31 March 2022 were identified. Patients hospitalized on the day of the first clinic appointment or used both oral antivirals were excluded. The primary endpoint was hospitalization. The secondary endpoint was a composite of intensive care unit admission, invasive mechanical ventilation use, and/or death.

Results
Of 93 883 patients, 83 154 (88.6%), 5808 (6.2%), and 4921 (5.2%) were oral antiviral nonusers, molnupiravir users, and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir users, respectively. Compared with nonusers, oral antiviral users were older and had more comorbidities, lower complete vaccination rate, and more hospitalizations in the previous year. Molnupiravir users were older and had more comorbidities, lower complete vaccination rate, and more hospitalizations in the previous year than nirmatrelvir/ritonavir users. At a median follow-up of 30 days, 1931 (2.1%) patients were hospitalized and 225 (0.2%) patients developed the secondary endpoint. After propensity score weighting, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir use (weighted hazard ratio 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65–0.95; P = .011) but not molnupiravir use (weighted hazard ratio 1.17; 95% CI, 0.99–1.39; P = .062) was associated with a reduced risk of hospitalization than nonusers. The use of molnupiravir or nirmatrelvir/ritonavir was not associated with a lower risk of the secondary endpoint as compared with nonusers.

Conclusion
Use of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir but not molnupiravir was associated with a reduced risk of hospitalization in real-world nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19.
Update of Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transmission in France: Zero Transmission for 5482 Mothers on Continuous Antiretroviral Therapy From Conception and With Undetectable Viral Load at Delivery
Authors: Sibiude Jeanne , Le Chenadec Jérôme , Mandelbrot Laurent , Hoctin Alexandre , Dollfus Catherine , Faye Albert , Bui Eida , Pannier Emmanuelle , Ghosn Jade , Garrait Valerie , Avettand-Fenoel Véronique , Frange Pierre , Warszawski Josiane , Tubiana Roland 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is remarkably effective in preventing perinatal transmission (PT) of HIV-1. We evaluated the PT rate in a population of women with widespread access to ART before conception.

Methods
The analysis included 14 630 women with HIV-1 who delivered from 2000 to 2017 at centers participating in the nationwide prospective multicenter French Perinatal Cohort (ANRS-EPF). PT was analyzed according to time period, timing of ART initiation, maternal plasma viral load (pVL), and gestational age at birth. No infants were breastfed, and all received neonatal prophylaxis.

Results
PT decreased between 3 periods, from 1.1% in 2000–2005 (58/5123) to 0.7% in 2006–2010 (30/4600) and to 0.2% in 2011–2017 (10/4907; P &lt; .001). Restriction of the analysis to the 6316/14 630 (43%) women on ART at conception, PT decreased from 0.42% (6/1434) in 2000–2005 to 0.03% (1/3117) in 2011–2017 (P = .007). Among women treated at conception, if maternal pVL was undetectable near delivery, no PT was observed regardless of the ART combination [95%CI 0-0.07] (0/5482). Among women who started ART during pregnancy and with undetectable pVL near delivery, PT was 0.57% [95%CI 0.37-0.83] (26/4596). Among women treated at conception but with a detectable pVL near delivery, PT was 1.08% [95%CI 0.49-2.04] (9/834). We also qualitatively described 10 cases of transmission that occurred during the 2011–2017 period.

Conclusions
In a setting with free access to ART, monthly pVL assessment, infant ART prophylaxis, and in the absence of breastfeeding, suppressive ART initiated before pregnancy and continued throughout pregnancy can reduce PT of HIV to almost zero.
Blood pressure and risk of venous thromboembolism: a cohort analysis of 5.5 million UK adults and Mendelian randomization studies
Authors: Nazarzadeh Milad , Bidel Zeinab , Mohseni Hamid , Canoy Dexter , Pinho-Gomes Ana-Catarina , Hassaine Abdelaali , Dehghan Abbas , Tregouet David-Alexandre , Smith Nicholas L , Rahimi Kazem ,   INVENT Consortium
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
Evidence for the effect of elevated blood pressure (BP) on the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been conflicting. We sought to assess the association between systolic BP and the risk of VTE.

Methods and results
Three complementary studies comprising an observational cohort analysis, a one-sample and two-sample Mendelian randomization were conducted using data from 5 588 280 patients registered in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) dataset and 432 173 UK Biobank participants with valid genetic data. Summary statistics of International Network on Venous Thrombosis genome-wide association meta-analysis was used for two-sample Mendelian randomization. The primary outcome was the first occurrence of VTE event, identified from hospital discharge reports, death registers, and/or primary care records. In the CPRD cohort, 104 017(1.9%) patients had a first diagnosis of VTE during the 9.6-year follow-up. Each 20 mmHg increase in systolic BP was associated with a 7% lower risk of VTE [hazard ratio: 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.92–0.94)]. Statistically significant interactions were found for sex and body mass index, but not for age and subtype of VTE (pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis). Mendelian randomization studies provided strong evidence for the association between systolic BP and VTE, both in the one-sample [odds ratio (OR): 0.69, (95% CI: 0.57–0.83)] and two-sample analyses [OR: 0.80, 95% CI: (0.70–0.92)].

Conclusion
We found an increased risk of VTE with lower BP, and this association was independently confirmed in two Mendelian randomization analyses. The benefits of BP reduction are likely to outweigh the harms in most patient groups, but in people with predisposing factors for VTE, further BP reduction should be made cautiously.
Attaining sinus rhythm mediates improved outcome with early rhythm control therapy of atrial fibrillation: the EAST-AFNET 4 trial
Authors: Eckardt Lars , Sehner Susanne , Suling Anna , Borof Katrin , Breithardt Guenter , Crijns Harry , Goette Andreas , Wegscheider Karl , Zapf Antonia , Camm John , Metzner Andreas , Kirchhof Paulus 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
A strategy of systematic, early rhythm control (ERC) improves cardiovascular outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). It is not known how this outcome-reducing effect is mediated.

Methods and results
Using the Early treatment of Atrial Fibrillation for Stroke prevention Trial (EAST—AFNET 4) data set, potential mediators of the effect of ERC were identified in the total study population at 12-month follow up and further interrogated by use of a four-way decomposition of the treatment effect in an exponential model predicting future primary outcome events. Fourteen potential mediators of ERC were identified at the 12-month visit. Of these, sinus rhythm at 12 months explained 81% of the treatment effect of ERC compared with usual care during the remainder of follow up (4.1 years). In patients not in sinus rhythm at 12 months, ERC did not reduce future cardiovascular outcomes (hazard ratio 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.65–1.67). Inclusion of AF recurrence in the model only explained 31% of the treatment effect, and inclusion of systolic blood pressure at 12 months only 10%. There was no difference in outcomes in patients who underwent AF ablation compared with those who did not undergo AF ablation.

Conclusion
The effectiveness of early rhythm control is mediated by the presence of sinus rhythm at 12 months in the EAST-AFNET 4 trial. Clinicians implementing ERC should aim for rapid and sustained restoration of sinus rhythm in patients with recently diagnosed AF and cardiovascular comorbidities.