bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic characterization of in situ stress in orthorhombic shale reservoirs using anisotropic extended elastic impedance inversion
Authors: Li Lin , Guo Yanmin , Zhang Guangzhi , Pan Xinpeng , Zhang Jiajia , Lin Ying 
Published: August 2022

Seismic characterization of anisotropic in situ stress is of great importance in improving the success of planning drilling and hydraulic fracturing treatment. Shales generally exhibit orthorhombic elastic symmetry due to the presence of vertical fractures and horizontal fine layering. We propose a novel anisotropic extended elastic impedance (AEEI) inversion approach for in situ stress estimates in shale gas reservoirs with weakly orthorhombic symmetry. Considering an orthorhombic model formed by a system of aligned vertical fractures embedded in a vertical transverse isotropic (VTI) background rock, we first derive the in situ stress expression by combining poroelastic Hooke’s law and linear slip theory. Next, we deduce a linearized PP-wave reflection coefficient as a function of fluid bulk modulus, vertical effective stress-sensitive parameter, dry-rock P- and S-wave moduli, density, dry normal and tangential weaknesses of the VTI background, and dry normal and tangential weaknesses of vertical fractures. To estimate in situ stress from the observed seismic data, we derive the AEEI and Fourier coefficients (FCs) expression and establish a three-step AEEI inversion workflow involving (1) Bayesian seismic inversion for intercept impedance, gradient impedance, and curvature impedance estimates; (2) estimating model parameters using the FCs of AEEI; and (3) estimating in situ stress using the inverted model parameters. The synthetic examples demonstrate that in situ stress can be reliably estimated even with moderate noise. Test on a real data set implies that the proposed method can generate reasonable results of in situ stress that are helpful for optimizing the horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracture stimulations of shale gas reservoirs.
Multisensory Stimulation Improves Cognition and Behavior in Adult Male Rats Born to LT4-treated Thyroidectomized Dams
Authors: Batistuzzo Alice , de Almeida Guilherme G , Brás Tayna S , Zucato Victoria P , Arnold Alexandre J T , Giannocco Gisele , Sato Juliana M , Yamanouchi Laís M , Dias Eduardo , Lorena Fernanda B , do Nascimento Bruna P P , Bianco Antonio C , Ribeiro Miriam O 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Gestational hypothyroidism can impair development, cognition, and mood. Here, we tested whether multisensory stimulation (MS) improves the phenotype of rats born to surgically thyroidectomized (Tx) dams suboptimally treated with LT4. 8-week-old female Tx Wistar rats were kept on daily LT4 (0.7 µg/100 g body weight) dosed by gavage (serum TSH and T4 levels indicated moderate hypothyroidism) and 3 weeks later placed for breeding. MS of the litter started at age 60 days and lasted for 8 weeks. It consisted of twice per week of physical, cognitive, sensorial, and food stimuli. The offspring were assessed before and after MS for standardized tests of locomotor activity, cognition, and mood. Gestational hypothyroidism resulted in reduced litter size and increased offspring mortality. The pups exhibited delayed physical development, impairment of short- and long-term memory, and anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. Nonetheless, ambulatory activity, social memory, and social preference were not affected by gestational hypothyroidism. MS restored short-term memory and anxiety while improving depressive like-behaviors. MS did not improve long-term memory. MS also did not modify the performance of control litter born to intact dams. We conclude that cognition and mood impairments caused by moderate gestational hypothyroidism were reversed or minimized in rats through MS. Further studies should define the molecular mechanisms involved.
High-resolution ultrasound and speckle tracking: a non-invasive approach to assess in vivo gastrointestinal motility during development
Authors: Sicard Pierre , Falco Amandine , Faure Sandrine , Thireau Jérome , Lindsey Stéphanie E. , Chauvet Norbert , de Santa Barbara Pascal 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Gastrointestinal motor activity has been extensively studied in adults; however, only few studies have investigated fetal motor skills. It is unknown when the gastrointestinal tract starts to contract during the embryonic period and how this function evolves during development. Here, we adapted a non-invasive high-resolution echography technique combined with speckle tracking analysis to examine the gastrointestinal tract motor activity dynamics during chick embryo development. We provided the first recordings of fetal gastrointestinal motility in living embryos without anesthesia. We found that, although gastrointestinal contractions appear very early during development, they become synchronized only at the end of the fetal period. To validate this approach, we used various pharmacological inhibitors and BAPX1 gene overexpression in vivo. We found that the enteric nervous system determines the onset of the synchronized contractions in the stomach. Moreover, alteration of smooth muscle fiber organization led to an impairment of this functional activity. Altogether, our findings show that non-invasive high-resolution echography and speckle tracking analysis allows visualization and quantification of gastrointestinal motility during development and highlight the progressive acquisition of functional and coordinated gastrointestinal motility before birth.
Who, if anyone, may benefit from a total hip arthroplasty after a displaced femoral neck fracture?
Authors: Frihagen Frede , Comeau-Gauthier Marianne , Axelrod Daniel , Bzovsky Sofia , Poolman Rudolf , Heels-Ansdell Diane , Bhandari Mohit , Sprague Sheila , Schemitsch Emil ,   on behalf of the HEALTH Investigators
Published: August 2022

Aims The aim of this study was to explore the functional results in a fitter subgroup of participants in the Hip Fracture Evaluation with Alternatives of Total Hip Arthroplasty versus Hemiarthroplasty (HEALTH) trial to determine whether there was an advantage of total hip arthroplasty (THA) versus hemiarthroplasty (HA) in this population. Methods We performed a post hoc exploratory analysis of a fitter cohort of patients from the HEALTH trial. Participants were aged over 50 years and had sustained a low-energy displaced femoral neck fracture (FNF). The fittest participant cohort was defined as participants aged 70 years or younger, classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I or II, independent walkers prior to fracture, and living at home prior to fracture. Multilevel models were used to estimate the effect of THA versus HA on functional outcomes. In addition, a sensitivity analysis of the definition of the fittest participant cohort was performed. Results There were 143 patients included in the fittest cohort. Mean age was 66 years (SD 4.5) and 103 were female (72%). No clinically relevant differences were found between the treatment groups in the primary and sensitivity analyses. Conclusion This analysis found no differences in functional outcomes between HA and THA within two years of displaced low-energy FNF in a subgroup analysis of the fittest HEALTH patients. These findings suggest that very few patients above 50 years of age benefit in a clinically meaningful way from a THA versus a HA early after injury. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(8):611–617.
Evaluation of the effect of various nutritional and environmental factors on biosurfactant production by Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: ALYOUSIF NASSIR ABDULLAH , AL-TAMIMI WIJDAN H. , AL-SAHIB MOAYED A. ABD 
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Alyousif NA, Al-Tamimi WH, Al-sahib MAA. 2022. Evaluation of the effect of various nutritional and environmental factors on biosurfactant production by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Biodiversitas 23: 3533-3538. Biosurfactants are biological surface-active compounds synthesized mainly by hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria. The properties of biosurfactants make them promising compounds for the application in various fields. The current study evaluated the effect of various nutritional and environmental factors on biosurfactants produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis. This bacterium, for first time in world was isolated from oilfield reservoir in the current study and identified by 16S rDNA sequencing and considered biosurfactant producer according to screening tests. Several factors were evaluated in the current study to assess the optimal conditions for producing the biosurfactant. The results demonstrated that the best carbon source was olive oil with 2% concentration and glutamic acid was the best nitrogen source with 0.2% concentration. The study demonstrated that the best biosurfactant production was recorded at incubation time of 5 days with a 3% inoculum size. Further study is required to determine the chemical structure of produced biosurfactants and to evaluate the potential application of biosurfactants in various fields, therefore constituting a stimulus for future studies.
‘What I really want is academics who want to partner and who care about the outcome’: findings from a mixed-methods study of evidence use in local government in England
Authors: Cheetham Mandy , Redgate Sam , van der Graaf Peter , Humble Clare , Hunter David , Adamson Ashley 
Published: August 2022

Background:Local government (LG) is ideally placed to influence the determinants of public health (PH) and reduce inequalities, but opportunities are routinely missed.
Aims and objectives:The aim of the Local Authority Champions of Research (LACoR) study was to explore ways to embed a culture of evidence use in LG.
Methods:Five linked work packages were undertaken using mixed methods. In this paper, we report data from semi-structured interviews with UK local authority (LA) staff (n=14).
Findings:Findings show a changing culture of LG: embedded researchers can enhance connectivity and interaction, build linkages, use levers of influence, and learn alongside LG navigators. Understanding the diverse microcultures of evidence use in LG is critical. Research champions can help to navigate the social, financial, political and regulatory context of LG and academia, influencing change dynamically as opportunities emerge.
Discussion:Changing organisational subcultures is ambitious and unpredictable given the complexities of, and variability in, local contexts. Cumulative changes appear possible by recognising existing assets, using relational approaches to respond to LG priorities. In-house capacity remains underestimated and underutilised in efforts to embed evidence use in LG decision making. Co-located embedded researchers can use contextually specific knowledge and relationships to enhance evidence use in LG in collaboration with system navigators.
Conclusions:There is a need for academics to adapt their approach, to take account of the context of LG to achieve meaningful health and social impacts with LG and test the contribution of embedded approaches to wider system change.
Cutting through the noise during crisis by enhancing the relevance of research to policymakers
Authors: Scott Taylor , Pugel Jessica , Fernandes Mary , Cruz Katherine , Long Elizabeth C. , Giray Cagla , Storace Rachel , Crowley D. Max 
Published: August 2022

Background:It is widely recognised that policymakers use research deemed relevant, yet little is understood about ways to enhance perceived relevance of research evidence. Observing policymakers’ access of research online provides a pragmatic way to investigate predictors of relevance.
Aims and objectives:This study investigates a range of relevance indicators including committee assignments, public statements, issue prevalence, or the policymaker’s name or district.
Methods:In a series of four rapid-cycle randomised control trials (RCTs), the present work systematically explores science communication strategies by studying indicators of perceived relevance. State legislators, state staffers, and federal staffers were emailed fact sheets on issues of COVID (Trial 1, N = 3403), exploitation (Trial 2, N = 6846), police violence (Trial 3, N = 3488), and domestic violence (Trial 4, N = 3888).
Findings:Across these trials, personalising the subject line to the legislator’s name or district and targeting recipients based on committee assignment consistently improved engagement. Mentions of subject matter in public statements was inconsistently associated, and state-level prevalence of the issue was largely not associated with email engagement behaviour.
Discussion and conclusions:Together, these results indicate a benefit of targeting legislators based on committee assignments and of personalising the subject line with legislator information. This work further operationalises practical indicators of personal relevance and demonstrates a novel method of how to test science communication strategies among policymakers. Building enduring capacity for testing science communication will improve tactics to cut through the noise during times of political crisis.
High-bandwidth thermo-optic phase shifters for lithium niobate-on-insulator photonic integrated circuits
Authors: Maeder Andreas , Kaufmann Fabian , Pohl David , Kellner Jost , Grange Rachel 
Published: August 2022

Phase shifters are key components of large-scale photonic integrated circuits. For the lithium niobate-on-insulator (LNOI) platform, thermo-optic phase shifters (TOPS) have emerged as a more stable and compact alternative to common electro-optic phase shifters (EOPSs), which are prone to anomalous behavior and drifting at low frequencies. Here, we model and experimentally characterize the influence of geometry on the performance of metal strip TOPSs. Compared to EOPSs, a 10-fold reduction of the voltage-length product is measured and bandwidths beyond 100 kHz are demonstrated, while keeping the footprint as low as

0.04

mm

2

. This shows the potential of TOPSs as small-scale building blocks for stable tuning and switching in LNOI photonic circuits.
Efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine nasal irrigation on chronic rhinosinusitis recovery after endoscopic sinus surgery: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Yepeng , Sun Yaning , Xiang Feng , Zhang Min , Fu Li , Zhang Qinxiu 
Published: August 2022

Background
Continuous comprehensive treatment is still needed after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) to promote the recovery of sinus mucosal morphology and function. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) nasal irrigation is a promising external treatment of TCM, but at present, the application of TCM nasal irrigation after ESS for CRS has not been recommended by the guidelines. Therefore, this article aims to develop a systematic overview and meta-analysis protocol to assess the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal nasal rinse for CRS recovery after ESS.

Methods
Seven databases shall be retrieved from their inception until December 2021. Eligible randomized controlled trials will be covered in the study. The outcome indicators of the survey will consist of efficacy, visual analogue scale score, Lund-Kennedy score for nasal endoscopy, Lund-Mackay score for sinus computed tomography and other secondary outcome indicators. The selection of literature, extraction of data, and methodological quality evaluation of literature shall be conducted by two researchers separately. If there is any dispute, it can be discussed and solved by a third researcher. Review Manager 5.3 software will be applied to data analysis.

Results
The article will make a detailed research programme to explore the efficacy and safety of TCM nasal irrigation on CRS recovery after ESS.

Conclusion
This protocol is suitable for evaluating the effectiveness and safety of TCM nasal rinse for CRS recovery after ESS, and can provide corresponding evidence-based medical evidence.

Systematic review registration
Open Science Framework Registration DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/ZV73Q.
Readmission and emergency department presentation after hospitalisation for epilepsy in people with intellectual disability: A data linkage study
Authors: Liao Peiwen , Vajdic Claire M. , Reppermund Simone , Cvejic Rachael C. , Watkins Tim R. , Srasuebkul Preeyaporn , Trollor Julian 
Published: August 2022

Background
Despite the high prevalence of epilepsy and multiple barriers to care in people with intellectual disability, the risk of returning to hospital after an admission for epilepsy is largely unknown. In this study, we sought to quantify and compare readmission and emergency department (ED) presentations after hospitalisation for epilepsy in people with and without intellectual disability.

Methods and findings
Using linked administrative datasets, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of people aged 5–64 years with an acute hospitalisation for epilepsy from 2005–2014 in New South Wales, Australia. Acute readmission and ED presentation rates within 30, 90, and 365 days of the index hospitalisation were estimated and compared between people with and without intellectual disability using modified Poisson regression. Of 13537 individuals with an index hospitalisation, 712 children and 1862 adults had intellectual disability. Readmission and ED presentation after the index hospitalisation were common in people with intellectual disability. Within 30 days, 11% of children and 15.6% of adults had an all-cause readmission and 18% of children and 23.5% of adults had an ED presentation. Over 60% of both children and adults presented to an ED within a year. Neurological, respiratory, and infectious conditions were overrepresented reasons for readmission in people with intellectual disability. Age-adjusted relative risks (RRs) within each period showed a higher risk of readmission and ED presentation in children and adults with intellectual disability than without. Most RRs remained statistically significant after controlling for covariates. The largest adjusted RRs were observed for readmission for epilepsy (RR 1.70, 95% CI: 1.42 to 2.04) and non-epilepsy related conditions (RR 1.73, 95%: CI 1.43 to 2.10) in children. Study limitations include lack of clinical data.

Conclusions
Increased risk of returning to acute care after epilepsy hospitalisation suggests there is a need to improve epilepsy care for people with intellectual disability. We recommend research into strategies to improve management of both seizures and comorbidity.
Magnitude of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, drug resistance and associated factors among presumptive tuberculosis patients at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Kassa Melkayehu , Desta Kassu , Ambachew Rozina , Gebreyohannes Zenebe , Gebreyohanns Alganesh , Zena Nuhamen , Amare Misikir , Zerihun Betselot , Getu Melak , Gize Addisu 
Published: August 2022

Background
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) remains one of the most significant causes of death and a major public health problem in the community. As a result, the aim of this study was to determine magnitude of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, its drug resistance, and associated factors among presumptive tuberculosis (TB) patients at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods
Cross-sectional study was conducted at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from January to July 2019. Demographic and clinical data were collected by structured questionnaire through face to face interview. Using microscopic examination and GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and culturing in the Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture media, we collected and analyzed both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary clinical samples. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 23. Binary logistic regression was done to identify the associated risk factors and p-value less than 0.05 was taken as significant association.

Results
Of the total 436 respondents, 223(51%) were male. The mean ±SD age of the participants was 38±17years. Overall, 27/436(6.2%) of the participants had confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis using the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and LJ culture media, and two isolates were resistant to RIF and one to INH medication, with two (0.5%) being MDR-TB. MTB infection was associated with previous TB contact history, patient weight loss, and CD4+ T-cell counts of 200-350/mm3 of blood.

Conclusion
The magnitude of M. tuberculosis and MDR-TB in this study underscores the need for improved early case detection and management of MDR-TB in order to reduce transmission and patient suffering.
Correlation of cardiac troponin T and APACHE III score with all-cause in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Wang Hongxia , Ji Yang , Zhang Keke , Shao Guangqiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a fatal condition particularly in critically ill patients. We determined the association among the cardiac troponin T (cTnT) level, acute physiologic and chronic health evaluation (APACHE III) scoring system, and in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with acute PE. A total of 501 patients with PE were initially enrolled. According to the multivariable logistic regression model for in-hospital mortality, the odds ratio of the cTnT level and APACHE III score was 1.96 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18–3.24, P = 0.008) and 1.03 (95% CI = 1.02–1.05, P < 0.001), respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of cTnT and APACHE III score for in-hospital mortality was 0.630 (95% CI = 0.586–0.672, P = 0.03) and 0.740 (95% CI = 0.699–0.778, P = 0.02), respectively. The discriminatory cTnT and APACHE III threshold values for in-hospital mortality were 0.08 ng/L and 38 score, respectively; the sensitivities and specificities of cTnT were 46.48 and 83.10%, respectively, whereas those of the APACHE III score were 74.88 and 54.19%, respectively. The cTnT and APACHE III scores were combined in the logistic analysis model, and a regression equation was derived to calculate the in-hospital mortality. The AUC was found to increase to 0.788 (95% CI = 0.734–0.840, P = 0.025). The sensitivity and specificity increased to 84.5 and 71.4%, respectively. The cTnT and APACHE III scores exhibited a significant association with in-hospital mortality of critically ill patients with PE. In conclusion, these parameters in combination can significantly improve the in-hospital mortality prediction.
Vibration signal collection and analysis of mechanical equipment failure based on computer simulation detection
Authors: Qin Chiyue , Gill Rana , Tomar Ravi , Ghafoor Kayhan Zrar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article addresses the challenge of large error rate and low accuracy of the vibration signal collection of mechanical equipment failure, and proposes a mechanical equipment failure vibration signal collection and analysis based on computer simulation detection. Then, it uses the Kalman filter algorithm for data filtering, according to the mathematical model established by the system, thus choosing a suitable noise covariance calculation method. In the integration process after filtering, using a piecewise integration method between acceleration peaks, the integration calculation is optimized to obtain the vibration displacement. The simulation results of this article show the vibration data collected by the main controller, after Kalman filtering and piecewise trapezoidal integration method optimization. The error of the proposed method is 0.5% when the frequency is 80 Hz, relative to the displacement measurement method of the three-axis acceleration sensor at 8.3%, and the error of data calculation results is greatly reduced. The greater the amplitude of vibration, the smaller the error. This method significantly improves the accuracy of vibration signal collection of mechanical equipment.