bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endolift laser as new non‐surgical technique for nose remodeling
Authors: Lotfi Elaheh , Ahramiyanpour Najmeh , Khosravi Somayeh , Salehi Bahareh , Gröne Dirk 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn the last few years, facial rejuvenation has moved to less invasive or non‐surgical techniques because their effects are visible immediately after the treatment, they have shorter recovery time and less pain and patients can go back to their normal life on the same day. Rhinoplasty is a cosmetic procedure that is very difficult to master. The main goal of rhinoplasty is anatomical preservation. One of novel technique for nose remodeling is laser therapy. In this study, the authors evaluate the efficacy of the endolift laser as a technique for nose remodeling.MethodsA total of eight patients were enrolled and were submitted to endolift laser therapy. The outcomes were measured by photography, three blind board‐certified dermatologists assessment, and patients satisfaction.ResultsOur results showed that endolift Laser as non‐surgical nose remodeling technique is a safe and effective method. Clinical assessment of the physician showed a significant improvement at 6‐months follow‐up. Also, the patient satisfaction rate was higher in the enrolled participates. Also, no severe side effect was reported.ConclusionThe endolift laser technique is practicable, effective, and safe method for non‐surgical nose job and has no major complication.
Recent advancement of imaging strategies of the lymphatic system: Answer to the decades old questions
Authors: Banerjee Priyanka , Roy Sukanya , Chakraborty Sanjukta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe role of the lymphatic system in maintaining tissue homeostasis and a number of different pathophysiological conditions has been well established. The complex and delicate structure of the lymphatics along with the limitations of conventional imaging techniques make lymphatic imaging particularly difficult. Thus, in‐depth high‐resolution imaging of lymphatic system is key to understanding the progression of lymphatic diseases and cancer metastases and would greatly benefit clinical decisions. In recent years, the advancement of imaging technologies and development of new tracers suitable for clinical applications has enabled imaging of the lymphatic system in both clinical and pre‐clinical settings. In this current review, we have highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of different modern techniques such as near infra‐red spectroscopy (NIRS), positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescence optical imaging, that has significantly impacted research in this field and has led to in‐depth insights into progression of pathological states. This review also highlights the use of current imaging technologies, and tracers specific for immune cell markers to identify and track the immune cells in the lymphatic system that would help understand disease progression and remission in immune therapy regimen.
Japanese case of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2Z with severe retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Nomura Emi , Tadokoro Koh , Sasaki Ryo , Nakata Yumi , Nakano Yumiko , Yunoki Taijun , Takemoto Mami , Morihara Ryuta , Ando Masahiro , Takashima Hiroshi , Yamashita Toru 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCharcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2Z (CMT2Z) shows highly variable clinical features. We report the first Japanese CMT2Z patient with a c.754C>T (p.R252W) substitution of the MORC2 gene, complicating severe retinitis pigmentosa. The MORC2 mutants were involved in a decrease in cell survival through induction of apoptosis. Thus, the MORC2 mutation might be involved in the degeneration of photoreceptors and the development of retinitis pigmentosa.
Facial asymmetry in children with either unilateral lambdoid craniosynostosis or positional posterior plagiocephaly
Authors: Nevaste‐Boldt Tuuli , Saarikko Anne , Kaprio Laura , Leikola Junnu , Kiukkonen Anu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn unilateral lambdoid craniosynostosis (ULC), the posteriorly situated lambdoid suture of the cranial vault fuses prematurely. Positional posterior plagiocephaly (PPP) causes flattening of the posterior side of the head, either through external forces or through underlying differences in brain development. Both conditions cause occipital flattening of the head, but the aetiology is different.Materials and MethodsEight ULC children were compared with 16 sex‐ and age‐matched PPP children. 3D computer tomography scans of all 24 children were analysed with Dolphin imaging software. The location and symmetry of the temporomandibular joint (Co), and the symmetry of the maxillary anterior nasal spine (ANS) and the mandibular symphysis (Pgn) were analysed. Furthermore, the mandibular bone (Co–Pgn) length, corpus length, ramus height, positional changes in the external acoustic meatus (PoL) and the distance from the orbital margin to the articular fossa were measured.ResultsIn all eight ULC children, the Co was anteriorly displaced on the affected side compared with the unaffected side. In all ULC and PPP children, the ANS, which is considered the bony maxillary midpoint, was shifted towards the affected side. In all ULC children, the mandibular bone (Co–Pgn) was shorter on the affected side. The PoL was antero‐inferiorly positioned in all ULC children on the affected side compared with the unaffected side.ConclusionsOur results show that both types of posterior plagiocephaly are associated with an asymmetric position of the Co and asymmetry of the mandible and maxilla. Facial asymmetry was more frequently seen in ULC than PPP children.
Towards a standardisation of reading charts: Font effects on reading performance—Times New Roman with serifs versus the sans serif font Helvetica
Authors: Daxer Barbara , Radner Wolfgang , Radner Michael , Benesch Thomas , Ettl Armin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose was to compare systematically the legibility of a font without serifs (Helvetica) and one with serifs (Times New Roman).MethodsThree paragraphs that were equal in the number of words, syllables, characters, difficulty and reading length were printed at equal size, with equal spacing between the lines and equal layout (paperback style), in either the sans serif typeface Helvetica Neue T1 55 Roman (Adobe) or the serif typeface Times New Roman PS Roman (Adobe). They were also printed in newspaper format in the serif font. The paragraphs were presented in random order (Latin square design) to 36 participants between 18 and 38 years of age (wearing their best‐corrected visual acuity). Reading duration was measured with a stopwatch. Reading time, reading speed and the number of reading errors were compared.ResultsFor the paperback layout, no significant difference in reading time (p = 0.50) or reading speed (p = 0.56) was found between the two fonts. The correlation between the two fonts was high for both reading time and speed (r = 0.93). The mean number of reading errors was the same (0.31 ± 0.58 errors/text) for both fonts. There was a significant difference in reading time and speed between the paperback and the newspaper layout.ConclusionThe legibility of Helvetica and Times New Roman is similar when investigated under equivalent conditions. Thus, these two font types can be used as interchangeable standard typefaces.
Pedicle Morphology of Lower Thoracic and Lumbar Spine in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients with Thoracolumbar Kyphosis: A Comparison with Fracture Patients
Authors: Huang Ji‐chen , Xuan Wen‐bin , Qian Bang‐ping , Qiu Yong , Wang Bin , Yu Yang , Zhu Ze‐zhang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe pedicle morphology of ankylosing spondylitis (AS)‐related thoracolumbar kyphosis patients may be different from that of individuals with normal spine due to the ectopic ossification and kyphotic deformity. However, there was no literature analyzing the pedicle morphology of AS patients with thoracolumbar kyphosis. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the pedicle morphology of lower thoracic and lumbar spine (T9‐L5) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS)‐related thoracolumbar kyphosis patients.MethodsA retrospective review of AS patients with thoracolumbar kyphosis (AS group) and the patients with spinal or rib fracture (fracture group) who underwent CT scans of the lower thoracic and lumbar spine between February 2017 and September 2018 was performed. Patients with spinal tumor, spinal tuberculosis, severe degenerative spinal diseases including degenerative scoliosis, degenerative spondylolisthesis, degenerative spinal stenosis or history of previous spine surgery, or AS patients with pseudarthrosis which influenced the measurement of pedicle parameters were excluded. The measured parameters on CT images included transverse pedicle angle (TPA), transverse pedicle width (TPW), chord length (CL), pedicle length (PL), and sagittal pedicle angle (SPA). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate the agreement of radiographic parameters between observers. The independent sample t test was applied for the comparison of pedicle parameters between the two groups. The gender distribution between the two groups were compared using the Fisher's exact test.ResultsA total of 1444 pedicles of 53 AS‐related thoracolumbar kyphosis patients and 30 patients with fracture were analyzed. TPA was significantly smaller in AS group (p < 0.05). Significantly larger TPW was found in AS group in the lumbar spine (p < 0.05). TPW ≥ 7.5 mm was observed in 95.3%–98.1% of the pedicles at the levels of L3‐L5 in AS group. The CL and PL were significantly larger in AS group at the levels of T9‐L5 (p < 0.05). The CL ≥ 50 mm was found in 84.0%–96.2% of the pedicles in mid‐to‐lower lumbar spine in AS group. Significantly smaller SPA was found in AS group at the levels from L3 to L5 (p < 0.05).ConclusionsPedicle screws with relatively large diameter of 7.5 mm and length of 50 mm could be used in mid‐to‐lower lumbar spine in the majority of AS‐related thoracolumbar kyphosis patients. Also, the insertion angle of pedicle screws in both the transverse and sagittal plane should be appropriately reduced in these patients. This study may help surgeons select the pedicle screws of appropriate size in AS patients.
Integrated Aerodynamic and Structural Blade Shape Optimization of Axial Turbines Operating With Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Blended With Dopants
Authors: Abdeldayem Abdelrahman S. , White Martin T. , Paggini Andrea , Ruggiero Marco , Sayma Abdulnaser I. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Within this study, the blade shape of a large-scale axial turbine operating with sCO2 blended with dopants is optimized using an integrated aerodynamic-structural three-dimensional (3D) numerical model, whereby the optimization aims at maximizing the aerodynamic efficiency whilst meeting a set of stress constraints to ensure safe operation. Specifically, three candidate mixtures are considered, namely, CO2 blended with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), hexafluorobenzene (C6F6), or sulfur dioxide (SO2), where the selected blends and boundary conditions are defined by the EU project, SCARABEUS. A single passage axial turbine numerical model is setup and applied to the first stage of a large-scale multistage axial turbine design. The aerodynamic performance is simulated using a 3D steady-state viscous computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model while the blade stress distribution is obtained from a static structural finite element analysis simulation (FEA). A genetic algorithm is used to optimize parameters defining the blade angle and thickness distributions along the chord line while a surrogate model is used to provide fast and reliable model predictions during optimization using a genetic aggregation response surface. The uncertainty of the surrogate model, represented by the difference between the surrogate model results and the CFD/FEA model results, is evaluated using a set of verification points and is found to be less than 0.3% for aerodynamic efficiency and 1% for both the mass-flow rate and the maximum equivalent stresses. The comparison between the final optimized blade cross section has shown some common trends in optimizing the blade design by decreasing the stator and rotor trailing edge thickness, increasing the stator thickness near the trailing edge, and decreasing the rotor thickness near the trailing edge and decreasing the rotor outlet angle. Further investigations of the loss breakdown of the optimized and reference blade designs are presented to highlight the role of the optimization process in reducing aerodynamic losses. It has been noted that the performance improvement achieved through shape optimization is mainly due to decreasing the endwall losses with both the stator and rotor passages.
Hydrothermal Performance Maximisation and Entropy Generation Minimisation of Different Perforated Pinned Heat Sink Designs for Electronic Cooling
Authors: Khalil Wissam H. , Azzawi Itimad D. J. , Al-Damook Amer , Alkasmoul Fahad S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To quantify the benefits of reducing entropy production and improving hydrothermal performance with varied thermal air characteristics through different perforated heat sinks, a numerical study was conducted. Various numbers of circular perforations are studied from 0 perforations to 5 perforations. In addition, perforation configuration is considered, such as circular (3CP), square (3SP), elliptic (3EP), and triangular (3TP) perforated pinned heat sinks, as well as three slotted pinned heat sinks (SPHSs) (3S, 6S, and 10S) and four notched pinned heat sinks (NPHSs) (3S, 6S, and 10S) (2.5 N, 5 N, 7.5 N, and 10 N). The numerical results showed that the 5-circular perforations heat sink model (5CP) generates the minimum entropy generation and the maximum hydrothermal performance (HTP), around 17% and 1.2, respectively compared to the zero-perforation model, while the circular perforated pinned heat sink (3CP) model produces the maximum reduction in entropy generation, generally around 13% with moderated HTP of 1.1. Moreover, when comparing slotted and notched pinned heat sinks, the 10S slotted and 10 N notched pinned heat sinks achieve 1.45 of HTP.
Lifetime prevalence and correlates of perinatal depression in a case-cohort study of depression
Authors: Kiewa Jacqueline , Meltzer-Brody Samantha , Milgrom Jeannette , Bennett Elizabeth , Mackle Tracey , Guintivano Jerry , Hickie Ian B , Colodro-Conde Lucia , Medland Sarah E , Martin Nick , Wray Naomi , Byrne Enda 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesThis study sought to evaluate the prevalence, timing of onset and duration of symptoms of depression in the perinatal period (PND) in women with depression, according to whether they had a history of depression prior to their first perinatal period. We further sought to identify biopsychosocial correlates of perinatal symptoms in women with depression.Design and settingThe Australian Genetics of Depression Study is an online case cohort study of the aetiology of depression. For a range of variables, women with depression who report significant perinatal depressive symptoms were compared with women with lifetime depression who did not experience perinatal symptoms.ParticipantsIn a large sample of parous women with major depressive disorder (n=7182), we identified two subgroups of PND cases with and without prior depression history (n=2261; n=878, respectively).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was a positive screen for PND on the lifetime version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Descriptive measures reported lifetime prevalence, timing of onset and duration of PND symptoms. There were no secondary outcome measures.ResultsThe prevalence of PND among parous women was 70%. The majority of women reported at least one perinatal episode with symptoms both antenatally and postnatally. Of women who experienced depression prior to first pregnancy, PND cases were significantly more likely to report more episodes of depression (OR=1.15 per additional depression episode, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.17, p<0.001), non-European ancestry (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.1, p=0.03), severe nausea during pregnancy (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.6, p=0.006) and emotional abuse (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.7, p=0.005).ConclusionsThe majority of parous women with lifetime depression in this study experienced PND, associated with more complex, severe depression. Results highlight the importance of perinatal assessments of depressive symptoms, particularly for women with a history of depression or childhood adverse experiences.
Assessing the quality of tuberculosis care using routine surveillance data: a process evaluation employing the Zero TB Indicator Framework in Mongolia
Authors: Saranjav Ariunzaya , Parisi Christina , Zhou Xin , Dorjnamjil Khulan , Samdan Tumurkhuyag , Erdenebaatar Sumiya , Chuluun Altantogoskhon , Dalkh Tserendagva , Ganbaatar Gantungalag , Brooks Meredith B , Spiegelman Donna , Ganmaa Davaasambuu , Davis J Lucian 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility of the Zero TB Indicator Framework as a tool for assessing the quality of tuberculosis (TB) case-finding, treatment and prevention services in Mongolia.SettingPrimary health centres, TB dispensaries, and surrounding communities in four districts of Mongolia.DesignThree retrospective cross-sectional cohort studies, and two longitudinal studies each individually nested in one of the cohort studies.Participants15 947 community members from high TB-risk populations; 8518 patients screened for TB in primary health centres and referred to dispensaries; 857 patients with index TB and 2352 household contacts.Primary and secondary outcome measures14 indicators of the quality of TB care defined by the Zero TB Indicator Framework and organised into three care cascades, evaluating community-based active case-finding, passive case-finding in health facilities and TB screening and prevention among close contacts; individual and health-system predictors of these indicators.ResultsThe cumulative proportions of participants receiving guideline-adherent care varied widely, from 96% for community-based active case-finding, to 79% for TB preventive therapy among household contacts, to only 67% for passive case-finding in primary health centres and TB dispensaries (range: 29%–80% across districts). The odds of patients completing active TB treatment decreased substantially with increasing age (aOR: 0.76 per decade, 95% CI: 0.71 to 0.83, p<0.001) and among men (aOR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.36 to 0.88, p=0.013). Contacts of older index patients also had lower odds of initiating and completing of TB preventive therapy (aOR: 0.60 per decade, 95% CI: 0.38 to 0.93, p=0.022).ConclusionsThe Zero TB Framework provided a feasible and adaptable approach for using routine surveillance data to evaluate the quality of TB care and identify associated individual and health system factors. Future research should evaluate strategies for collecting process indicators more efficiently; gather qualitative data on explanations for low-quality care; and deploy quality improvement interventions.
Poincaré, Poincaré recurrence and the H-theorem: A continued reassessment of Boltzmannian statistical mechanics
Authors: Weaver Christopher Gregory 
Published: August 2022

In [C. G. Weaver Found. Phys. 51, 1 (2021)], I showed that Boltzmann’s H-theorem does not face a significant threat from the reversibility paradox. I argue that my defense of the H-theorem against that paradox can be used yet again for the purposes of resolving the recurrence paradox without having to endorse heavy-duty statistical assumptions outside of the hypothesis of molecular chaos. As in [C. G. Weaver Found. Phys. 51, 1 (2021)], lessons from the history and foundations of physics reveal precisely how such resolution is achieved.
Streptococcus mitis/oralis Corneal Ulcer in a Patient with Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Unusual Route
Authors: Jaffry Mustafa , Lister Mark 
Published: August 2022

Purpose. To report a case of Streptococcus mitis oralis (S. mitis/oralis) corneal ulcer in a patient with a possible preventable cause. Methods. Cultures were obtained from a 64-year-old woman with a

3.5

mm
×
5

mm

corneal ulcer with hypopyon in the left eye. Results. Culture reports demonstrated the growth of S. mitis/oralis, a commensal organism of the oral flora. Fortified vancomycin 5% eye drops were started, and the patient was counseled on the rarity of the bacteria as an etiology of corneal ulcers. On the return visit, the patient, who works in a doctor’s office, volunteered information that the preservative free artificial tear vials that she used were difficult to open because of her hand deformity due to rheumatoid arthritis; thus, she had to bite the vials open. Conclusions. S. mitis/oralis is an organism commonly found in the mouth but is rarely found in the eye. We report a unique case of an immunocompromised patient with rheumatoid arthritis, severe dry eye, and a history of multiple episodes of keratolysis, who developed a corneal ulcer from a rare pathogen, with a plausible and preventable route of infection.
Transradial Approach for Pediatric Diagnostic and Neurointerventional Surgery: Single‐Center Case Series and Systematic Review
Authors: Baig Ammad A. , Neumaier Jenna , Hashmi Yusuf J. , Waqas Muhammad , Cappuzzo Justin M. , Monteiro Andre , Rai Hamid H. , Khawar Wasiq , Snyder Kenneth V. , Levy Elad I. , Siddiqui Adnan H , Reynolds Renee M. , Davies Jason M. 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundRecent widespread adoption of a transradial approach in adults has encouraged its use and expansion in children; however, the safety and feasibility of the transradial approach in the latter has not been established. We evaluated these characteristics in our pediatric case series and compared our results with those in the literature.MethodsOur prospectively maintained database was retrospectively searched for consecutive patients ≤18 years of age who underwent diagnostic and interventional neuroangiography through the transradial approach. Patient demographics, indications for the procedure, use of ultrasound guidance, arterial size at the access site, intra‐ and postprocedure complications, and outcomes were recorded. For the literature review, systematic searches of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase databases were conducted using keywords with Boolean operators (“radial artery” AND “pediatric”) for studies published in English between January 2000 and September 2021. Continuous variables were reported as means or medians and respective standard deviations and interquartile ranges according to data normality. Categorical variables were reported as frequencies.ResultsTwenty‐one patients were included in our series (mean age, 16.6±2.23 years, range 9–17 years; male sex, 11 [52.4%]). The transradial approach was used for diagnostic angiography in 15 cases (71.4%) and intervention in 6 (28.6%). Ultrasound guidance was used and a “radial cocktail” (verapamil‐heparin‐nitroglycerin) was given in all cases. Mean radial artery access‐site diameter was 2.2±0.46 mm. Two cases (9.5%) required conversion to femoral access. Two patients (9.5%) suffered reversible vasospasm. No radial artery occlusion or permanent neurologic deficits were recorded. The systematic review showed results similar to ours for vasospasm rates (6.3% and 9.5%, respectively) and procedural outcomes (92% and 91%, respectively). [Correction added on November 8, 2022, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, the value 7% was changed to 6.3%, and the value 93% was changed to 92%.]ConclusionOur results and the literature review demonstrate that the transradial approach is a safe and feasible option for pediatric patients. Routine use of ultrasound guidance, selection of appropriately sized catheters, and prophylactic use of vasodilators and antispasmodics can help ensure the success of the procedure and limit common access‐site complications.