bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solving Fokker-Planck equations using deep KD-tree with a small amount of data
Authors: Xu Yong , Zhang Hao , Liu Qi , Wang Xiaolong , Li Yongge 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Fokker-Planck (FP) equation can deterministically describe the evolution of the probability density function, which plays an extremely significant role in the fields of stochastic dynamics. Unfortunately, the limited samples that arise from the consideration of engineering practice are inevitable, which restricts the solving of the FP equation. Accordingly, in the present study, a super-DL-FP framework is established to solve the steady-state FP equation with a small amount of data, through combining the deep KD-tree and the DLFP approach proposed in [Chaos 30, 013133 (2020)]. It should be emphasized that the normalization condition is of great importance and have to be considered in solving the steady-state FP equation. An appropriate integral estimation for the normalization condition under non-uniform meshing can effectively improve the precision of the solution, but it is still a challenging problem, especially for the case of small data. Thus, the so-called deep KD-tree method is innovatively proposed to estimate the normalized integral with a small random dataset. The main target is to obtain the appropriate discrete integral points and corresponding integral volumes by executing multiple KD-tree segmentation based on random data on the integral region. Several numerical experiments and comparisons are implemented to illustrate the superior performance of the super-DL-FP method. The obtained results indicate that the proposed algorithm can accomplish higher accuracy in the sense of lower cost than the well-known algorithms like center difference scheme, Chebyshev spectrum algorithm, and normalized flow approach.
Clinical Significance of Geriatric Conditions In Acute Hospitalization
Authors: Umegaki Hiroyuki , Nagoe Masaaki , Komiya Hitoshi , Watanabe Kazuhisa , Yamada Yosuke , Sakai Tomomichi , Tajima Tomihiko 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Geriatric conditions (GCs) are common in the elderly population, but their clinical significance in acute care is not well understood. In this study, we first investigated the cross-sectional associations of GCs with frailty and polypharmacy at the time of admission to an acute care geriatric ward. Then, to clarify the clinical significance of GCs in acute care, we prospectively examined the association of GCs with the incidence of hospital-acquired complications and consequences after discharge.Methods: Participants were 184 patients (40.2% male: mean age, 85.0 ± 6.0 years) hospitalized in an acute care geriatric ward at a university hospital. We examined the cross-sectional associations of GCs with frailty and polypharmacy by multiple regression analysis, and then the associations of GCs with the incidence of hospital-acquired complications, falls, and death within 3 months of discharge by multiple logistic regression analysis.Results: GCs were associated with frailty and use of polypharmacy, independent of multiple morbidity. GCs were also associated with re-admission within 3 months of discharge; however, there was no significant association with the incidence of hospital-acquired complications, falls, or mortality after discharge.Conclusions: These findings suggest that GCs are clinically significant in the hospitalized elderly and further research on GCs is warranted.
Buspirone effectiveness in treating SSRI related Bruxism, a comprehensive systematic review
Authors: Zarzar Luluwa , Khalifa Samar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to do a systematic review using the PRISMA flow system investigating Buspirone’s role in the treatment of bruxism induced by the psychoactive family of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRIs. We did a comparison between patients with bruxism who received intervention by Buspirone and the controls of Buspirone intervention in a review. We included research articles, case reports and full text articles. We also excluded systematic and literature reviews for the purpose of having specific data about the topic. The databases were Pubmed and Google scholar.
How Can Environmental Impacts of Water Demand Management Policies on a Wastewater System be Assessed?
Authors: Safarpour Haniye , Tabesh Massoud , Shahangian Seyyed Ahmadreza 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
As applying water demand management policies (WDMPs) can affect urban water infrastructures like wastewater systems from various aspects, this study proposes a novel approach to address the environmental impacts of applying WDMPs for the first time. Baharestan city, in Iran’s Isfahan province, is considered as a case study where various WDMPs, such as public awareness campaigns and water pressure management, are applied to confront water scarcity and to reduce water demand. To this end, the life cycle assessment (LCA) method is used to assess the environmental burdens of utilizing WDMPs in the operation stage of a real wastewater collection network (WWCN) and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) under different WDMPs. A detailed inventory is considered, including detailed repairing of sewer pipelines and their maintenance, replacement of manhole covers, civil works, road rehabilitation, energy consumption, chemical usage, transportation, and air emissions of both the WWCN and WWTP, in various phases. The environmental assessment is conducted in SimaPro software using the ReCipe method. Based on results, a significant part of the environmental impacts accounts for energy consumption which has strong effects on most midpoint categories and has a great change in different scenarios. Besides, the results demonstrate that the environmental effects driven by the WWTP are eightfold the corresponding WWCN’s impacts. Overall, the outcomes from the present study revealed that implementing WDMPs can lead to diminishing environmental impacts. For instance, reducing wastewater production up to 68% can decrease 18% of the WDMPs’ environmental impacts of the wastewater system in the operation stage.
Simultaneous Production and Sustainable Eutectic Mixture Based Purification of Narringinase With Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens by Valorization of Tofu Wastewater
Authors: Balaraman Harishbabu , C Purushotaman , K Chandramouliswaran , Rathnasamy Senthil Kumar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Sustainable one-pot production and purification of naringinase using natural deep eutectic solvent based extractive fermentation is being executed in the current investigation. Tofu wastewater was used as alternative low-cost media for sustainable production of naringinase. Five natural deep eutectic solvents were prepared and their physicochemical properties were determined as a function of temperature. Optimization of essential variables in extractive fermentation for determining effective concentration of NADES at (74.5% w/w), Na2SO4 (15% w/v) and tofu wastewater (1.5% w/w) to achieve optimal naringinase yield of (249.6 U/ml). Scale up of naringinase production with a 3 L custom made desktop bioreactor was accomplished and effective regeneration of NADES was established. Quantification of the resulting active enzyme was done by size exclusion chromatography (736.85 U/mg). Ultrapure enzyme fraction was obtained with anion exchange chromatography yielding maximum purity of (63.2) and specific enzyme activity of (3516 U/mg). The in-vitro debittering activity of resulting ultrapure naringinase was determined with grape juice.
Nitrogen But Not Phosphorus Addition Affects Symbiotic N2 Fixation in Grasslands Located on Four Continents
Authors: Vázquez Eduardo , Schleuss Per-Marten , Borer Elizabeth T. , Bugalho Miguel N. , Caldeira Maria C. , Eisenhauer Nico , Eskelinen Anu , Fay Philip A. , Haider Sylvia , Jentsch Anke , Kirkman Kevin P. , McCulley Rebecca L. , Peri Pablo L. , Price Jodi , Richards Anna E. , Risch Anita C. , Roscher Christiane , Schütz Martin , Seabloom Eric W. , Standish Rachel J. , Stevens Carly J. , Tedder Michelle J. , Virtanen Risto , Spohn Marie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background and aims:The amount of nitrogen (N) derived from symbiotic N2 fixation by legumes in grasslands might be affected by anthropogenic N and phosphorus (P) inputs, but the underlying mechanisms are not known. Methods:We evaluated symbiotic N2 fixation in 17 grasslands on four continents that are subjected to the same full-factorial N and P addition experiment, using the 15N natural abundance method.Results:N as well as combined N and P (NP) addition reduced legume biomass by 65% and 45%, respectively, compared to the control, whereas P addition had no significant impact. Element addition had no significant effect on the symbiotic N2 fixation per unit legume biomass. In consequence, the amount of N fixed annually per grassland area was less than half in the N addition treatments compared to control and P addition, irrespective of whether the dominant legumes were annuals or perennials. Conclusion:Our results reveal that N addition mainly impacts symbiotic N2 fixation via reduced biomass of legumes rather than changes in N2 fixation per unit legume biomass. The results show that soil N enrichment by anthropogenic activities significantly reduces N2 fixation in the world’s grasslands, and these effects cannot be reversed by additional P amendment.
Effects of transcriptional factor BXIN_0799 on transcription of genes related to invasion and asexual development of Babesia sp. Xinjiang
Authors: Wang Jinming , Chai Yijun , Li Youquan , Luo Jianxun , Yin Hong , Guan Guiquan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Transcription factors (TF) of Apicomplexan bearing AP2 DNA-binding domains (ApiAP2s) are identified in Babesia sp. Xinjiang (Bxj) and found to perform regulatory functions in parasite development. However, the functions of specific TFs in Bxj remain unknown. Methods: Here, homologous recombination technology was employed to generate a mutant strain in which BXIN_0799 gene was disrupted. A plasmid was constructed: DNA fragments of ef1α-B 5' non-coding region (ef1α- NR) and rap3' terminal region (rap-TR) were amplified from Bxj genomic DNA, and the blasticidin-S deaminase (BSD) gene was amplified from plasmid pgfp-bsd-ef. 20 μg of circular plasmid was transfected into Bxj merozoites to disrupt BXIN_0799 gene.Results: Transcriptome analyses revealed that 282 genes were down regulated, and 95 of these were proteins of unknown function. These downregulated genes are involved in critical processes of asexual development of Bxj, including transcriptional regulation, humoral immune response (Variant erythrocyte surface antigen-1, VESA1), and host cell invasion (Rhoptry neck protein 2, Rhoptry-associated protein 1). We confirmed that BXIN_0799 performed non-essential functions in Bxj asexual development (red blood cell stage), as the mutant strain reflected a slightly reduced growth rate in vitro culture system. Compared to wild type (WT), the growth rate of mutant strain was decreased by approximately 15%. Conclusions: In this study, we illustrate the regulation function of BXIN_0799 in Bxj asexual development. A slight influence was observed in RBC stage development. 95 down-regulated genes code unknown functional proteins. Whether these products contribute to gametocytogenesis in the RBC stage, sexual development, and even blocking transmission is need to further study.
Biological Evaluation and Computational Studies of Methoxy-flavones from Newly Isolated Radioresistant Micromonospora Aurantiaca Strain TMC-15
Authors: Sajjad Wasim , Nadeem Mahnoor , Alam Tayyaba , Rehman Asim ur , Hasan Fariha , Khan Samiullah , Badshah Malik , Abbasi Sumra Wajid , Ahmad Sajjad , Din Ghufranud , Farman Muhammad , Shah Aamer Ali 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study aims to determine UV-B resistance and to investigate computational analysis and antioxidant potential of methoxy-flavones of Micromonospora aurantiaca TMC-15 isolated from Thal Desert, Pakistan. The cellular extract was purified through solid phase extraction and UV-Vis spectrum analysis indicated absorption peaks at λmax 250 nm, 343 nm, and 380 nm that revealed the presence of methoxy-flavones named eupatilin and 5-hydroxyauranetin. The flavones were evaluated for their antioxidant as well as protein and lipid peroxidation inhibition potential using di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) iminoazanium (DPPH), 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (DNPH), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assays, respectively. The methoxy-flavones were further studied for their docking affinity and interaction dynamics to determine their structural and energetic properties at atomic level. The antioxidant potential, protein and lipid oxidation inhibition and DNA damage preventive abilities were correlated as predicted by computational analysis. The eupatilin and 5-hydroxyauranetin binding potential to their targeted proteins 1N8Q and 1OG5 is -4.1 and -7.5 kcal/mol, respectively. Moreover, the eupatiline and 5-hydroxyauranetin complexes illustrate van der Waals contacts and strong hydrogen bonds to their respective enzymes target. Both in-vitro studies and computational analysis results revealed that methoxy-flavones of Micromonospora aurantiaca TMC-15 can be used against radiation mediated oxidative damages due to its kosmotrophic nature. The demonstration of good antioxidant activities not only protect DNA but also protein and lipid oxidation and therefore could be a good candidate in radio-protective drugs and as sunscreen due to its kosmotropic nature.
Pre-clinical 2D and 3D Toxicity Response to A Panel of Nanomaterials; Comparative Assessment of NBM-Induced Liver Toxicity
Authors: Tutty Melissa Anne , Prina-Mello Adriele , Vella Gabriele 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Nanobiomaterials, or NBMs, have been used in medicine and bioimaging for decades, with wide-reaching applications ranging from their uses as carriers of genes and drugs, to acting as sensors and probes. When developing nanomedicine products, it is vitally important to evaluate their safety, ensuring that both biocompatibility and efficacy are achieved so their applications in these areas can be safe and effective. When discussing the safety of nanomedicine in general terms, it is foolish to make generalized statements due to the vast array of different manufactured nanomaterials, formulated from a multitude of different materials, in many shapes and sizes, therefore NBM preclinical screening can be a significant challenge. Outside of their distribution in the various tissues, organs and cells in the body, a key area of interest is the impact of NBMs on the liver. A considerable issue for researchers today is accurately predicting human-specific liver toxicity prior to clinical trials, with hepatotoxicity not only the most cited reasons for withdrawal of approved drugs, but also a primary cause of attrition in pre-launch drug candidates. To date, no simple solution to adequately predict these adverse effects exist prior to entering human experimentation. The limitations of the current preclinical toolkit are believed to be one of the main reasons for this, with questions being raised on the relevance of animal models in pre-clinical assessment, and over the ability of conventional, simplified in vitro cell based assays to adequately assess new drug candidates or NBMs. Common 2D cell cultures are unable to adequately represent the functions of 3D tissues and their complex cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, as well as differences found in diffusion and transport conditions. Therefore, testing NBM toxicity in conventional 2D models may not be an accurate reflection of the actual toxicity these materials impart on the body. One such method of overcoming these issues is the use of 3D cultures, such as cell spheroids, to more accurate assess NBM-tissue interaction. In this study, we introduce a 3D liver model cultured from HepG2 cells to assess both the cytotoxicity and viability observed following treatment with a variety of NBMs, namely a liposome (in the specific technical name = LipImage), a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) and a panel of polymeric (in the specific technical name = PACA) NBMs. This model is also in compliance with the 3Rs policy of reduction, refinement and replacement in animal experimentation [1], and meets the critical need for more advanced in vitro models for pre-clinical nanotoxicity assessment.
Temperature and pressure effect on the HMX/Graphene mixture system thermal decomposition via ReaxFF molecular dynamic simulation
Authors: zhang Li 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Study the detail mechanisms of energetic materials thermal decomposition process at high temperature, is helpful to understand the detail reaction information and mechanism, which are foundation for understanding reactivity of energetic materials, design of mixed explosives and safety. In this work, new model and method effect of temperature and pressure for graphene (Gr) based HMX crystal were determined by ReaxFF molecular dynamic simulation. The thermal decomposition process, HMX molecules absorption on Gr surface of perfect HMX crystal, different direction crystal planes and HMX/Gr mixed models were studied at high temperature and pressure. The different configurations of HMX molecules adsorbed on graphene surface in the mixed system were confirmed by theoretical calculation method. We observed 3, 5 and 3 HMX configurations absorption on the graphene in the (001)/Gr, (010)/Gr and (100)/Gr range from normal pressure to 31 GPa, respectively. The time-dependent curves of fragments evolution, intermediates and pyrolysis products were analyzed. The results show that the rate constants of HMX molecules during thermal decomposition process can be significantly affect by adding graphene with HMX crystal. Gr is the most obvious inhibition effect on the thermal decomposition reaction of (010) surface of HMX/Gr, which indicates that graphene has a coupling between the temperature and thermal anisotropy effect, because of the NO2 functional groups steric hindrance and the interaction between graphene and HMX molecules. Gr also affects the initial reaction pathways of homolytic cleavage of N-NO2 bond forming nitro radical and HONO through the C=O, C-OH and C-OC bonds formation on graphene surface.
Multi-level Crowding: Evidence from Global and Local Misreports
Authors: Jimenez Mikel , Kimchi Ruth , Yashar Amit 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Crowding refers to the inability to recognize objects in clutter, setting a fundamental limit on object recognition. Here, we investigated the processing level at which crowding occurs by exploring the type of crowding errors (global, local, or both). Twenty-seven observers estimated the orientation of a target when presented alone or surrounded by flankers (local shapes). Flankers were aligned to create an illusory rectangle (enhanced global configuration) or misaligned (reduced global configuration). We analyzed the error distributions by fitting probabilistic mixture models. Results showed that often participants misreported the orientation of a flanker instead of that of the target. Interestingly, in some trials the orientation of the global configuration was misreported. These results suggest that crowding occurs simultaneously across multiple levels of visual processing and crucially depends on the spatial configuration of the stimulus. Thus, crowding might be characterized as a bottleneck of visual object identification at different levels of representation.
Pre-discharge factors associated with unplanned readmission of patients with home mechanical ventilation: a retrospective study
Authors: Lin Shwu-Jen , Kuo Yao-Wen , Wu Huey-Dong , Yang Shih Hsing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Higher prevalence rate of patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation, among them have ventilated at home. However, unplanned hospital readmission of home ventilated patients remains a critical issue. Therefore, to explore the characteristics and prognosis of unplanned readmissions of patients using a home ventilator and to analyze relevant pre-discharge factors that affect such unplanned readmissions.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to collect medical record data for 2013–2017 on the readmission of home-ventilated patients in a medical center in northern Taiwan. In all, 127 cases were considered. Unplanned readmissions were divided by time intervals (≤ 30 days, 31–180 days, 181–365 days, ≥ 366 days) into an early readmission group (≤ 30 days) and a late readmission group (≥ 31 days). Statistical analysis, a chi-square test, and a multivariate logistic regression analysis model were used to verify the factors influencing the readmission of home-ventilated patients.Results: Patients’ populations according to the intervals of unplanned readmission (≤ 30 days, 31–180 days, 181–365 days, ≥ 366 days) were 42 (33.1%), 60 (47.2%), 17 (13.4%), and 8 (6.3%), respectively. The average intervals of home care for the early readmission group (≤ 30 days) and the late readmission group (≥ 31 days) were 15.1 ± 9.2 and 164.8 ± 143.2 days, respectively. Regarding risk factors of early and late unplanned hospital readmission, the odds ratio (OR) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease compared with those without this disease was 4.535 (95% CI 1.253 -16.413). For maximum inspiratory pressure ≦ −30 cmH2O compared with > −30 cmH2O, the OR for early readmission was 0.207 (95% CI 0.056 - 0.767). For hemoglobin ≥ 10.1 g/dL compared with < 10.1 g/dL, the OR of early readmission was 0.280 (95% CI 0.082 - 0.958).Conclusion: Pre-discharge problems, including chronic cardiovascular disease, maximum inspiratory pressure, and reduced hemoglobin, are risk factors for unplanned early hospitalization readmission of patients using a ventilator at home. Therefore, attention should be paid to these risk factors during discharge planning.
Nicotinamide Reverses Deficits in Puberty-born Neurons and Cognitive Function after Maternal Separation
Authors: Wang Gaohua , Hao Keke , Wang Huiling , Zhang Yuejin , Xie Xinhui , Huang Huan , Chen Cheng , Xu Shilin , Xu Rui , Shu Chang , Liu Zhongchun , Zhou Yuan , Reynolds Gavin P Reynolds 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Neuronal loss is one of the important pathological features of schizophrenia. Early life stress (ELS) is associated with the development of schizophrenia. The hippocampus undergoes significant development during childhood and is extremely reactive to stress. In rodent models, ELS can induce neuroinflammation and hippocampal neuronal loss, and a schizophrenia-like behavioral phenotype. Nicotinamide (NAM) administration is found to inhibit microglial inflammation. Whether treatment with NAM during adolescence can reduce hippocampal neuronal loss and abnormal behaviors induced by ELS is unknown. Methods: The present study used 24h maternal separation (MS) as ELS to Wistar rat pups on postnatal day (PND) 9. On PND 35 animals were given a single intraperitoneal injection of BrdU to label dividing neurons, and gaved with NAM from PND35 to PND65. Schizophrenia-like behavior tests were performed. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining detected the NAD+/Sirt3/SOD2 pathway-related proteins.Results: Compared with the control group, only at the adult stage (PND56-65) but not the adolescent stage (PND31-40), animals of the MS group exhibited pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) deficits and cognitive impairment that mimic symptoms of schizophrenia. The survival and activity of puberty-born neurons, the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and Sirtuin3 (Sirt3) in the hippocampus were decreased in the MS group rats at adulthood stage, followed by acetylated superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) increase, and microglial activation, and a significant increase of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 expression. All the effects of MS at PND9 could be reversed by NAM administration at the adolescent stage (PND 35-65). Conclusions: The results demonstrated that MS may lead to schizophrenia-like phenotypes and lasting effects on the hippocampus, and highlight the utility of NAM during adolescence for restoring normal hippocampal function, ameliorating schizophrenia-like behavior.