bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Between‐partner concordance of vertically transmitted gut microbiota diminishes reproductive output in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus
Authors: Macagno Anna L. M. , Moczek Armin P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, we explored the potential contribution of the gut microbiome to reproductive isolation in tunnelling dung beetles, using Onthophagus taurus (Schreber, 1759) and its sister species O. illyricus (Scopoli, 1763) as a model system (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Onthophagini). Gut microbiota play critical roles in normative development of these beetles, and are vertically inherited via a maternally derived faecal pellet called the pedestal. We first compared the developmental outcomes of individuals reared with pedestals derived from either the same or the sister species (Self and Cross inoculation treatments, respectively). We then crossed the resulting adult O. taurus in three combinations (Self female X Self male; Self female X Cross male; Cross female X Self male). We predicted that if the vertically transmitted gut microbiome plays a role in reproductive isolation by facilitating species recognition, the Self X Self line would have improved reproductive outcomes compared to the lines in which partners had mismatched gut microbiomes. Instead, we found that between‐partner concordance of maternally transmitted gut microbiota resulted in fewer offspring, and that this reduction was due to partial pre‐copulatory isolation as evidenced by reduced sperm transfer in the Self X Self line. This pattern is consistent either with microbiome‐mediated familiarity/kin recognition, or with absence of mate choice in crosses with mismatched microbiomes. We discuss our results in the light of recent research on the influence of extracellular microbial symbionts over insects' mating preferences.
Rice anther tapetum: a vital reproductive cell layer for sporopollenin biosynthesis and pollen exine patterning
Authors: Tariq N. , Yaseen M. , Xu D. , Rehman H. M. , Bibi M. , Uzair M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe tapetum is the innermost layer of the four layers of the rice anther that provides protection and essential nutrients to pollen grain development and delivers precursors for pollen exine formation. The tapetum has a key role in the normal development of pollen grains and tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) that is linked with sporopollenin biosynthesis and transport. Recently, many genes have been identified that are involved in tapetum formation in rice and Arabidopsis. Genetic mutation in PCD‐associated genes could affect normal tapetal PCD, which finally leads to aborted pollen grains and male sterility in rice. In this review, we discuss the most recent research on rice tapetum development, including genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic studies. Furthermore, tapetal PCD, sporopollenin biosynthesis, ROS activity for tapetum function and its role in male reproductive development are discussed in detail. This will improve our understanding of the role of the tapetum in male fertility using rice as a model system, and provide information that can be applied in rice hybridization and that of other major crops.
Bureaucrats as policy makers: Minority accommodation and exclusion in ethnic nation‐states
Authors: Talal Olga 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhy do some ethnic nation‐states employ simultaneously inconsistent policies toward ethnic minorities, accommodating them in one sphere but excluding them from another? This article argues that this incoherent treatment of minorities results from the delegation of authority to bureaucrats. Building on the principal‐agent approach and nationalism scholarship, this work develops a causal mechanism explaining the conditions under which bureaucrats can shift state policies toward ethnic minorities and the types of policy preferences they seek to materialize. Defining policy problems, strategically framing optimal solutions, and building support for policy initiatives are the mechanisms through which nonelected officials challenge the existingstatus quoand seek to shift state policies toward ethnic minorities. This theoretical framework is applied to education and land policies in Israelvis‐à‐visthe Palestinian Arab citizens to illustrate how entrepreneurial bureaucrats can bring about diverse policy outcomes toward the same minority.Related ArticlesBen‐Bassat, Avi, and Momi Dahan. 2018. “Biased Policy and Political Behavior: The Case of Uneven Removal of Elected Mayors in Israel.”Politics & Policy46(6): 912–50.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12280.Harel‐Shalev, Ayelet. 2009. “Lingual and Educational Policy toward ‘Homeland Minorities’ in Deeply Divided Societies: India and Israel as Case Studies.”Politics & Policy37(5): 951–70.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00206.x.Tusalem, Rollin F. 2015. “Ethnic Minority Governments, Democracy, and Human Rights.”Politics & Policy43(4): 502–37.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12125.
Developmental trends of auditory novelty oddball P3 while accounting for N2 in 7‐ to 25‐year‐olds
Authors: Mingils Susan M. , Davies Patricia L. , Stephens Jaclyn A. , Gavin William J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany previous studies examining developmental trends in P3 amplitude or latency have used a two‐stimulus (standard and target) oddball paradigm. Fewer studies exist using the novelty oddball paradigm, a three‐tone (standard, target, and novel) paradigm. In this study with 204 typically developing participants aged 7–25 years, the influence of participant traits—age and sex—on the developmental trends of P3 peak‐to‐peak amplitude and latency were examined. Additionally, interactions between the three tones of the novelty oddball paradigm and scalp sites on P3 amplitude and latency were evaluated. While previous studies using baseline‐to‐peak measures have shown smaller P3 amplitude in children compared with adults, this study, using peak‐to‐peak measures (P3 minus N2 amplitude), found the opposite effect with children having larger P3 amplitudes than adults. This finding is explained by further analyses of N2, representing discrimination. N2 baseline‐to‐peak amplitude significantly predicted P3 baseline‐to‐peak amplitude; a mediation effect such that as N2 becomes less negative, P3 becomes larger. Regression analyses revealed that developmental trends of the P3 amplitude were primarily linear, but trends in P3 latency were mostly non‐linear. Sex differences were observed, although limited to latency measures. Results fromancovas found significant interactions between the three tones and between frontal (Fz) and parietal (Pz) sites, with larger P3 amplitude during target and novel tones at Pz than Fz, and larger amplitudes during frequent tones at Fz than Pz. These findings highlight the importance of considering more than P3 amplitude in understanding developmental trends in cognitive processing during oddball paradigms.
Effect of oestrous expression prior to timed artificial insemination with sexed semen on pregnancy rate in dairy cows
Authors: Guner Baris , Erturk Melih , Dursun Mehmet , Ozturk Buse , Yilmazbas‐Mecitoglu Gulnaz , Keskin Abdulkadir , Dikmen Serdal , Gumen Ahmet 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe objectives of the study were to determine (1) oestrous expression rate and (2) the effect of oestrous expression prior to progesterone‐based Ovsynch protocol on pregnancy rate in Holstein cows. All cows (n = 917) were subjected to 7‐day progesterone‐based Ovsynch protocol. In this protocol, cows that expressed oestrus before (HEAT1) the scheduled second GnRH were inseminated 20 h later after the onset of oestrus without GnRH administration. Cows that expressed oestrus after the second GnRH administration (HEAT2) or did not express oestrus (NOHEAT) received fixed‐timed AI. Oestrous expression was determined by using activity‐rumination monitoring system and all cows were inseminated with sexed semen. Oestrous expression rate prior to FTAI was 40.5% and the majority (p < .01) of oestrous expression were in HEAT2 compared with HEAT1 in both primiparous (71.8 vs. 28.1%) and multiparous cows (69.5 vs. 30.5%). The mean interval from intravaginal device removal to the onset of oestrus was 47.4 ± 0.9 h and 62.9 ± 0.5 in HEAT1 and HEAT2, respectively. Primiparous cows (47.7%) had a higher (p < .01) expression rate compared with multiparous cows (37.2%). Overall pregnancy rate was 37.4% and there was two‐way significant interaction between parity and oestrous expression on pregnancy rate (p < .01). Both primiparous (48.1 vs. 35.8%) and multiparous cows (47.4 vs. 28.4%) that expressed oestrus had greater (p < .01) pregnancy rate compared with cows that did not express oestrus. There was no difference in pregnancy rates of HEAT1 and HEAT2 in both primiparous (44.7 vs. 49.5%) and multiparous cows (47.2 vs. 47.6%). Pregnancy rate was not influenced (p = .21) by milk production (high or low) in both primiparous (47.6 vs. 48.6%) and multiparous (54.9 vs. 42.1%) cows that expressed oestrus, respectively. In conclusion, cows showing oestrus before or after second GnRH of the Ovsynch protocol had greater pregnancy rate than cows not showing oestrus.
Pictures Instead of Survey Questions: An Experimental Investigation of the Feasibility of Using Pictures in a Housing Survey
Authors: Ilic Goran , Lugtig Peter , Schouten Barry , Streefkerk Maarten , Mulder Joris , Kumar Pradeep , Höcük Seyit 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Anyone with a smartphone can take pictures anytime anywhere. This opens the opportunity for researchers to collect photos to augment traditional Web survey data. We conducted an experimental survey asking 2700 members of the Dutch LISS panel about their dwelling conditions. Depending on the condition, they were asked to either take several photos of their house or answer a set of survey questions about the same topics. This paper documents the feasibility of collecting pictures instead of answers in a web survey and studies the consequences of using pictures/questions or a choice for components of Total Survey Error. We find that respondents in our study were much more willing to answer survey questions than to take pictures, but this difference depended on the difficulty of the topic. We then compare the quality of the data from the pictures of the heating systems with the survey responses. Here we find that our pictures contain more useful information than the survey responses. Overall, we conclude that asking respondents to take a picture within a survey can be a feasible way to collect high-quality data.
Communicating the move to individualized donor selection policy: Framing messages focused on recipients and safety
Authors: Ferguson Eamonn , Bowen Sarah , Lawrence Claire , Starmer Chris , Barr Abigail , Davison Katy , Reynolds Claire , Brailsford Susan R 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundMen‐who‐have‐sex‐with‐men (MSM) have been deferred from donating blood. However, recent evidence supports the adoption of donor screening based on individuals' sexual behavior over population‐based criteria. We explore how best to frame communications about adopting this change to minimize any potential negative consequences (e.g., reduced donor numbers). We examine the effectiveness of risk (emphasizing safety vs. emphasizing low risk), and focus (donor vs. recipient) frames on intentions to donate blood (approach) or feeling deterred from donating (avoid), and mechanisms linked to under‐reporting sexual behavior.Study Design and MethodsWe conducted a 2 (risk frame: risk vs. safety) by 3 (focus: donor vs. recipient vs. both) between‐subjects online experiment (n = 2677). The main outcomes were intentions to donate and feelings of being put‐off/deterred from donating (both for self and others). We also assessed the extent that forgetting, embarrassment/shame, and question irrelevance were perceived to be associated with under‐reporting sexual behavior.ResultsFrames that focused on safety or a recipient resulted in people reporting being less deterred from donating. Regardless of frame, people from ethnic minorities were more likely to feel deterred. Embarrassment/shame followed by forgetting and perceived irrelevance were the main reasons for under‐reporting sexual behaviors, especially in ethnic minorities, and smartphones were perceived as an acceptable memory aid for sexual behavior.DiscussionBlood services moving to an individualized policy should frame donor selection in terms of safety and/or a recipient focus, explore sensitivities in ethnic minority communities, consider ways to normalize reporting sexual behavior, and use smartphones as a memory aid.
Experimental Investigation of Dental Composites Degradation After Early Water Exposure
Authors: Gauthier Rémy , Abouelleil Hazem , Boussès Yoan , Brulat-Bouchard Nathalie , Colon Pierre , Chenal Jean-Marc , Tillier Yannick , Grosgogeat Brigitte 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
While dental composite long-term aging has already been studied in the past, no data exist about the early aging while it might be detrimental regarding the composites' longevity. This study aims to better understand the effects of early water exposure on dental composites. Dental resin composites with different fillers ratio were subjected to water exposure during 24 h, 1 week, or 1 month. After photopolymerization, the samples were stored at different conditions, whether in wet or dry condition (W, D, respectively) and in wet conditions after a first 24 h storage in dry conditions (DW). Three-point bending tests were performed to measure the flexural modulus. The samples were then subjected to a sorption/desorption protocol. While the matrix alone did not undergo any mechanical degradation with exposure time, the composites matrices presented a decrease in elastic modulus. This decrease was the highest for the matrix with nonsilanized fillers. Interestingly, the DW condition was detrimental for all the samples. Regarding the sample with nonsilanized fillers in DW for 1 month presented an elastic modulus lower than the matrix alone. These results were assigned to the sorption capacity of the polymer matrix, suggesting that the diffusion mechanisms and the nature of water molecules are determinant in the composite degradation. This study showed that dental composite early degradation mechanisms after water exposure are involved in the polymer matrix postpolymerization process as soon as after 24 h. Such mechanisms are detrimental in terms of the dental composite efficiency and have to be understood.
Global Behavior Analysis of Nonlinear Energy Sink Systems Using the Parallelized Multi-Degrees-of-Freedom Cell Mapping Method
Authors: Yang Qingchao , Li Shuang , Ma Zhaozhao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Nonlinear energy sink (NES) systems, when applied to a physical system with multiple interference sources, exhibit abundant nonlinear dynamic behaviors. However, current research in this respect is limited within the theoretical scope of deterministic systems. According to the theory of cell mapping, this paper introduces a parallel restructured algorithm to improve the performance of cell mapping and cell processing, and a parallelized multidegrees-of-freedom (DOF) cell mapping (PMDCM) method is given. With the method, the global behavior of NES systems is analyzed so that the dynamical behavior of multiple stable attractors within typical parameter intervals can be captured. The research results show that for NES systems, there is the phenomenon of multiple stable attractors coexisting in multiple typical parameter intervals, which occurs between periodic and periodic attractor, periodic and quasi-periodic, periodic and chaotic attractor. While revealing the corresponding relationship between different types of attractors and their basin of attraction, these findings verify that the new cell mapping method has high computational efficiency and accuracy and can provide a theoretical basis for the study of high-dimensional nonlinear systems' global behavior and optimal control.
Patterns of Movement Performance and Consistency From Childhood to Old Age
Authors: Prebor Jessica , Samulski Brittany , Armitano-Lago Cortney , Morrison Steven 
Published: November 2022

It is widely accepted that the general process of aging can be reflected by changes in motor function. Typically, optimal performance of a given motor task is observed for healthy young adults with declines being observed for individuals at either end of the lifespan. This study was designed to examine differences in the average and variability (i.e., intraindividual variability) of chewing, simple reaction time, postural control, and walking responses. For this study, 15 healthy children, 15 young adults, and 15 older adults participated. Our results indicated the movement performance for the reaction time and postural sway followed a U shape with young adults having faster reaction times and decreased postural sway compared to the children and older adults. However, this pattern was not preserved across all motor tasks with no age differences emerging for (normalized) gait speed, while chewing rates followed a U-shaped curve with older adults and children chewing at faster rates. Taken together, these findings would indicate that the descriptive changes in motor function with aging are heavily influenced by the nature of the task being performed and are unlikely to follow a singular pattern.
The tectonic evolution of Laurentia and the North American continent: New datasets, insights, and models
Authors: Whitmeyer Steven J. , Kellett Dawn A. , Tikoff Basil , Williams Michael L. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
The North American continent has a rich geologic record that preserves evidence for tectonic processes throughout much of Earth’s history. Within this long history, however, particular times—e.g., “turning points”—have had specific and lasting impact on the evolution of Laurentia (ancestral North America). This volume is focused on seven of these “turning points”: (1) The Neoarchean (2.7–2.5 Ga), characterized by cratonization and the Kenoran orogen(s); (2) the Paleoproterozoic (1.9–1.7 Ga) and the initial assembly of Laurentia; (3) the Mesoproterozoic (1.5–1.4 Ga) Andean-style margin on the southern edge of Laurentia with the Pinware-Baraboo-Picuris orogeny; (4) the 1.2–1.0 Ga Midcontinent rift, and the Grenville orogeny and assembly of Rodinia; (5) the 700–500 Ma Neoproterozoic breakup of Rodinia; (6) the mid-Paleozoic (420–340 Ma) closure of the Iapetus and Rheic oceans and the development of the Appalachian-Caledonian orogen; and (7) the Jurassic–Paleogene (200–50 Ma) assembly of the North American Cordilleran margin by terrane accretion and subduction. The assembled chapters provide syntheses of current understanding of the geologic evolution of Laurentia and North America, as well as new hypotheses for testing. The inclusion of work from different geological time periods within a single volume provides continent-wide perspectives on the evolution of tectonic events and processes that acted on and within Laurentia.
Actual lens positions of three intraocular lenses in highly myopic eyes: an ultrasound biomicroscopy-based study
Authors: Qi Jiao , He Wenwen , Zhang Keke , Guo Donglin , Du Yu , Lu Yi , Zhu Xiangjia 
Published: November 2022

AimTo evaluate the actual lens positions (ALPs) of three intraocular lenses (IOLs) in highly myopic eyes and to identify relevant factors using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).MethodsNinety-three highly myopic eyes (93 patients) that underwent uneventful cataract surgery were included: 36 eyes were implanted with Zeiss 409MP IOLs, 27 with Rayner 920H IOLs and 30 with HumanOptics MCX11 IOLs. The prediction error (PE), ALP determined by UBM and the factors associated with ALP at 3 months after surgery were evaluated.ResultsThe eyes in the MCX11 IOL group had a more hyperopic PE (0.67±0.45 diopters (D)) and greater ALP (4.86±0.39 mm) than those in the 409MP and 920H IOL groups at 3 months after surgery (PE: −0.25±0.54 and −0.16±0.65 D, respectively; ALP: 4.34±0.26 and 4.14±0.32 mm, respectively). The MCX11 IOLs showed more backward bending deformation after surgery than 409MP and 920H IOLs. The radius of curvature of the IOL was negatively correlated with ALP (r=−0.532, p=0.002) in the MCX11 IOL group, but not in the other two groups. Multivariate analysis showed that MCX11 IOLs were more prone to bending in highly myopic eyes with a smaller anterior capsular opening (β=0.236, p=0.023) and lower implanted power (β=0.542, p=0.001).ConclusionIn highly myopic eyes, IOLs with good capsular support show less backward bending, which result in a more stable lens position and refractive status postoperatively. Severe capsular contraction and low implanted power are risk factors for bending of certain IOLs.
Preference for high-carbohydrate foods does not change for children and adolescents in insulin-induced hypoglycemia
Authors: Sauchelli Sarah , Rogers Peter J , Fry George , Hamilton-Shield Julian P 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionHypoglycemia elicits coordinated counter-regulatory neuroendocrine responses. The extent to which this process involves an increased drive to eat, together with greater preference for foods high in carbohydrate content, is unclear. Our objective was to examine this effect in children and adolescents (age 5–19 years) without diabetes and no prior known experience of hypoglycemic episodes.Research design and methodsWe administered a computerised task designed to examine preference for high-carbohydrate foods (sweet and savory) to pediatric patients (n=26) undergoing an insulin tolerance test as part of the routine clinical assessment of pituitary hormone secretory capacity. The task was completed at baseline and three time points after intravenous infusion of insulin (approximately 7, 20 and 90 min).ResultsAlthough all patients reached insulin-induced hypoglycemia (mean venous glucose at nadir=1.9 mmol/L), there was moderate evidence of no effect on preference for high-carbohydrate foods (moderate evidence for the null hypothesis) compared with euglycemia. Patients also did not display an increase in selection of foods of high compared with low energy density. Sensitivity of the task was demonstrated by decreased preference for sweet, high-carbohydrate foods after consumption of sweet food and drink.ConclusionsResults support the view that acute hypoglycemia does not automatically prompt the choice of high-carbohydrate foods for rapid glucose restoration, and further stresses the importance that people and families with children vulnerable to hypoglycemic episodes ensure that ‘rapidly absorbed glucose rescue therapy’ is always available.