bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving routing disruption attack detection in MANETs using efficient trust establishment
Authors: Yamini K. Anish Pon , Stephy Jesmitha , Suthendran K. , Ravi Vinayakumar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSecurity is a fundamental prerequisite in self‐evolvability network and providing that in any situation is the most problematic task as the network is highly dynamic with no trusted centralized monitoring. On comparing with wired networks MANETs are highly susceptible to security attacks. This article proposed an efficient trust establishment‐based routing evidence scheme (ETERE) that carried out in the creation and manipulation of mental representations of information identified. Here, propose I‐Trust, probabilistic node misbehavior detection, for secure MANET routing toward ETERE scheme. The fundamental concept of I‐Trust is presenting a periodically accessible trusted authority to pass judgment on the behavior of a node dependent on the gathered routing evidences and with self and coordinate monitoring. The main advantage of ETERE scheme is that even if the hackers or the internal attackers have the knowledge of the security scheme, the system cannot be compromised. The performance of ETERE scheme with different routing disturbance attacks is evaluated in this article. The computational outcomes emphasize the effectiveness of ETERE scheme and ensure the routing efficiency. The NS2 simulator is used in this research work. The simulation results show that the proposed ETERE scheme performs better than present methodologies improving the PDR and throughput of the network to a maximum extent of 28% and 34% respectively.
Postvaccination COVID‐19 infection is associated with reduced mortality in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: John Binu V. , Deng Yangyang , Schwartz Kaley B. , Taddei Tamar H. , Kaplan David E. , Martin Paul , Chao Hann‐Hsiang , Dahman Bassam 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Patients develop breakthrough COVID‐19 infection despite vaccination. The aim of this study was to identify outcomes in patients with cirrhosis who developed postvaccination COVID‐19.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study among US veterans with cirrhosis and postvaccination or unvaccinated COVID‐19. Patients were considered fully vaccinated if COVID‐19 was diagnosed 14 days after the second dose of either the Pfizer BNT162b2, the Moderna 1273‐mRNA, or the single‐dose Janssen Ad.26.COV2.S vaccines and partially vaccinated if COVID‐19 was diagnosed 7 days after the first dose of any vaccine but prior to full vaccination. We investigated the association of postvaccination COVID‐19 with mortality.

Results
We identified 3242 unvaccinated and 254 postvaccination COVID‐19 patients with cirrhosis (82 after full and 172 after partial vaccination). In a multivariable analysis of a 1:2 propensity‐matched cohort including vaccinated (n = 254) and unvaccinated (n = 508) participants, postvaccination COVID‐19 was associated with reduced risk of death (adjusted HR [aHR], 0.21; 95% CI, 0.11–0.42).
The reduction was observed after both full (aHR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.08–0.63) and partial (aHR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.07–0.54) vaccination, following the 1273‐mRNA (aHR, 0.12; 95% CI 0.04–0.37) and BNT162b2 (aHR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.10–0.71) vaccines and among patients with compensated (aHR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.08–0.45) and decompensated (aHR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.08–0.90) cirrhosis. Findings were consistent in a sensitivity analysis restricted to participants who developed COVID‐19 after vaccine availability.

Conclusions
Though patients with cirrhosis can develop breakthrough COVID‐19 after full or partial vaccination, these infections are associated with reduced mortality.
Direct Access to Fluorinated Sulfonylhydrazides and Study of Their Reactivity in Thiolation Reaction on Indoles
Authors: Cao Tingting , Crousse Benoît 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA new family of fluorinated sulfonyl hydrazides has been easily prepared from accessible and cheap sulfinates and azodicarboxylates. In addition, trifluoromethylsulfonyl hydrazide (Tf(Boc)N−NHBoc) is an effective source of SCF3 in the sulfenylation of indoles.
Water transport pathways influence the propagation of field‐scale NO3−‐N reductions to the watershed scale
Authors: Grose Amelia L. , Speir Shannon L. , Thellman Audrey N. , Dee Martha M. , Tank Jennifer L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDiffuse nutrient runoff from agricultural fields can result in the eutrophication of downstream water bodies, highlighting a need for conservation efforts to reduce dissolved nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loading to adjacent waterways. However, few studies explore how the impacts of field‐scale conservation manifest at the watershed scale. We explored how sources of streamflow and nutrients may influence the magnitude of the impact of conservation practices at a field versus watershed scale at the Shatto ditch watershed (SDW), where the planting of winter cover crops reduced field‐scale nitrate‐N (NO3−‐N) losses from subsurface tile drains by 69%–90%; yet watershed NO3−‐N export only decreased by 13%. To resolve this discrepancy, we used a water budget approach paired with water stable isotope (18O and 2H) analysis to determine the composition of streamflow across seasons, sampling five times from November 2018 to September 2019. While we hypothesized that watershed‐scale patterns in nutrient export were driven by direct groundwater upwelling, we found that this pathway only accounted for 43% of streamflow on average. We also developed a NO3−‐N mass balance for the watershed during our November 2018 sampling; results indicated groundwater upwelling contributed only ~1% of NO3−‐N export at the watershed outlet, while subsurface tile drains contributed the remaining 99%. Specifically, three large county tile drains (with an unknown drainage area and extent of conservation practice implementation) contributed ~69% of the watershed NO3−‐N export, obscuring the impacts of field‐scale conservation in SDW. Our study highlights the importance of cross‐scale analyses to accurately evaluate the effect of conservation given the interactions between sources of streamflow and nutrient loss at the watershed scale.
Reliability of computed molecular structures
Authors: Zhang Yi‐Liang , Wang Fu‐Li , Ren Ai‐Min 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhen the structures of 1342 molecules are optimized by 30 methods and 7 basis sets, there appear 289 (21.54%) problematic molecules and 112 (8.35%) failed ones. When 278 problematic molecules are compared, the best methods are BHandH and LC‐wPBE, while B97D, BP86, HFS, VSXC, and HCTH are very unreliable. When 179 problematic molecules are computed with larger basis sets, the smallest mean absolute deviation (MAD) of bond angle (2.3°) is shown by QCISD(T)/cc‐pVTZ, while the smallest MAD of bond length (0.021 Å), the best SUM1 (4.9 unit), and the best SUM2 (2.4 unit) are shown by DSDPBEP86(Full), DSDPBEP86, PBE1PBE‐D3, MP2, and MP2(Full) in combination with aug‐cc‐pVQZ, cc‐pVQZ, Def2QZVP, Def2TZVPP, and/or 6–311++G(3df,3pd). Very large basis sets, for example, larger than cc‐pVTZ usually have to be used to obtain very good structures and the performances of many density‐functional theory methods are encouraging. The best results may be the limit of modern computational chemistry.
Establishing three warm‐season turfgrasses with tailored water: I. Growth, cover, and nitrate leaching losses
Authors: Sevostianova Elena , Velasco‐Cruz Ciro , Leinauer Bernd , Serena Matteo , Sallenave Rossana , Horvath Isabelle , Skerker Jenny Beth 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough treated effluent is being increasingly used to irrigate mature turfgrass, information on its use to establish grass is limited. Greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2017 to examine establishment and nitrate leaching from three warm‐season grasses: buffalograss [Buchloe dactyloides (Natt.) Eng.] ‘SWI 2000’, inland saltgrass [Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene], and bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] ‘Princess77’. All grasses were grown with tailored (tertiary treated effluent with 15 mg L–1 of NO3–N) water. Grasses were established from seed in a loamy sand and irrigated with either tailored or potable water plus granular Ca(NO3)2 fertilizer. Leachate collected at 10‐ and 30‐cm depths was analyzed for NO3–N and electrical conductivity. Overall, establishment was faster and coverage was greater in 2015 than in 2017, but neither differed between irrigation treatments when grasses were analyzed separately. At the end of both establishment periods, bermudagrass and buffalograss coverage was generally greater than that of inland saltgrass. In 2017, bermudagrass irrigated with tailored water resulted in greater coverage than buffalograss or inland saltgrass. In 2015, nitrate concentrations were greater in leachate collected from bermudagrass and inland saltgrass irrigated with tailored water than from grasses irrigated with potable water. Nitrate concentrations in leachate were generally lower in 2017, reaching a maximum value of 65.3 mg L–1 when averaged over all treatment combinations, and did not differ between treatments. Our data suggest that the three grasses studied can be successfully established from seed using tailored waters.
Comparison of the pediatric hospitalizations due to COVID‐19 and H1N1pdm09 virus infections during the pandemic period
Authors: Devrim İlker , Böncüoğlu Elif , Kıymet Elif , Şahinkaya Şahika , Çelebi Miray Yılmaz , Cem Ela , Düzgöl Mine , Arıkan Kamile Ötiken , Kara Aybüke Akaslan , Devrim Fatma , Ağın Hasan , Bayram Nuri 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere are two major pandemics in the new millennium, including the pandemic of swine influenza and the COVID‐19 pandemic. These two pandemics affected children as well as the adult population. In this case‐control study, we compared children with COVID‐19 infection and those with H1N1pdm09 virus infection. We also compared the demographic factors, underlying disease, and the requirement for intensive care admission between the hospitalized children with COVID‐19 infection and children with H1N1pdm09 virus infection who were hospitalized during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. In this study, we evaluated 103 patients with H1N1pdm09 virus infection and 392 patients with COVID‐19 infection. The age was significantly higher in the COVID‐19 patients' group compared to the pandemic influenza group (p < 0.001). The ratio of the children ≥12 years was 10.7% (n = 11) in the H1N1pdm09 virus infection and 36.2% (n = 142) in the COVID‐19 group. The rate of underlying disease was significantly higher in the patients with H1N1pdm09 virus infections (p = 0.02). The prevalence of underlying disease in patients requiring PICU hospitalization was 69.2% (n = 9/13) compared to 25.7% (n = 124/482) in patients who did not require PICU hospitalization. The rate of underlying disease was significantly higher in the PICU group regardless of COVID‐19 or H1N1pdm09 virus (p = 0.002). Our results suggest that older children were more hospitalized for COVID‐19 infections compared to pandemic influenza. In addition, regardless of the type of pandemic infection, the underlying disease is an important factor for pediatric intensive care unit admission. This finding is important for developing strategies for the protection of children with the underlying disease in the upcoming pandemics.
Melatonin treatment reduces qualitative decay and improves antioxidant system in highbush blueberry fruit during cold storage
Authors: Magri Anna , Petriccione Milena 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDBlueberry is considered as a ‘functional food’ because it contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins and anthocyanins. The blueberry is one of the most consumed berries in the world and is highly appreciated by consumers because of its unique taste and sensory properties. Fresh blueberries decay rapidly because of mould and water loss. To preserve the qualitative and nutraceutical traits of fresh highbush blueberries during storage, the efficacy of 1 mm melatonin treatment was investigated at 5 °C for 3 weeks.RESULTSThe results demonstrated that melatonin treatment reduced weight loss and delayed postharvest ripening. Compared to the control, melatonin treatment induced an overproduction of polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and ascorbic acid, consequently increasing antioxidant activity. The enzymatic antioxidant system was also affected by the treatment. An increase in the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase was observed in treated fruit compared to that in control fruit. Enzymatic browning, controlled by assaying the content of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide, polyphenol oxidase, guaiacol peroxidase and lipoxygenase activities, appeared to slow down under melatonin treatment.CONCLUSIONMelatonin coating is a valid tool for delaying the perishability and qualitative decay of highbush blueberry fruit during cold storage. Furthermore, this treatment increases the production of secondary metabolites such as polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and ascorbic acid, improving the nutraceutical traits of this fruit during storage. Melatonin treatment can be considered as an environmentally sustainable, non‐harmful‐to‐human‐health alternative for the postharvest preservation of highbush blueberry fruit. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Biomass magnetic porous carbon prepared from mangosteen shell for the preconcentration of three bisphenols from beverages followed by liquid chromatography with quadrupole‐Orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry determination
Authors: Deng Hongling , Su Xin‐guo , Wang Haibo , Liang Minhua , Huang Jianghua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNatural biomass magnetic porous carbon was successfully prepared via a cost‐effective and green route using mangosteen shells as raw material. The prepared magnetic porous carbon was used as a magnetic solid‐phase extraction adsorbent for bisphenols enrichment from beverages followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐Orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Parameters affecting extraction efficiency including sample solution pH, adsorbent amount, extraction time, eluent type, and volume were optimized. Results showed that biomass magnetic porous carbon had excellent adsorption properties for bisphenols due to its large specific surface area and abundant functional groups, which could form hydrogen bonding and π‐π stacking with bisphenols. The enrichment factor of 3 bisphenols was in the range of 15–19. Under optimum conditions, favorable linearity for all analytes was obtained with correlation coefficients higher than 0.998. Recoveries of spiked samples were in the range of 88.5–105.1% with a relative standard deviation of 3.4–5.5%. These results demonstrated that magnetic porous carbon may be a promising adsorbent for the enrichment of aromatic compounds.
Li‐Salt Doped Single‐Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Application
Authors: Loaiza Laura C. , Johansson Patrik 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTraditionally solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) for lithium battery application are made by dissolving a Li‐salt in a polymer matrix, which renders both the Li+ cations, the charge carriers of interest, and the anions, only by‐standers, mobile. In contrast, single‐ion conductors (SICs), with solely the Li+ cation mobile, can be created by grafting the anions onto the polymer backbone. SICs provide the safety, mechanical stability, and flexibility of SPEs, but often suffer in ionic conductivity. Herein an intrinsically synergetic design is suggested and explored; one dopes a promising SIC, LiPSTFSI (poly[(4‐styrenesulfonyl) (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide]), with a common battery Li‐salt, LiTFSI. This way one both increases the Li+ concentration and transport. Indeed, systematically exploring doping, it is found that 50–70 wt% of LiTFSI renders materials with considerable improvements in both the (Li+) dynamics and the ionic conductivity. A deeper analysis allows to address connections between the ion transport mechanism(s) (Arrhenius/VTF), the charge carrier speciation and concentration, and the free volume and glass transition temperature. While no silver bullet is even remotely found, the general findings open paths to be further explored for SPEs in general and Li‐salt doped SICs in particular.
Superwetting Polyvinlydene Fluoride Membranes with Micro‐Nano Structure for Oil‐in‐Water Emulsion Separation
Authors: Zhao Yingying , Ji Xiaoli , Wu Lili , Zhang Zezhen , Zhang Chaocan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMembrane technology is seen as one of the useful strategies for the treatment of oily wastewater, but the membrane fouling in the process of membrane filtration seriously may affect some properties and time‐consuming. Hydrophilic membrane surface can reduce membrane fouling. The appropriate design for membrane composition and surface structure can transform membrane surface with expected performance. In this work, hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes with micro‐nanostructure are fabricated by in situ synthesis and layer‐by‐layer assembly strategies. A zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) and tannic acid are used to construct microstructure and support hydrophilic groups. The water contact angle and water flux of initial PVDF membrane are 110.67° and 6585.7 L m−2 h−1, respectively, while the optimally modified membrane possesses water contact of 14.5° and water flux of 13641.8 L m−2 h−1. The modified membrane not only owns good underwater oil repellency and oil adhesion resistance but also processes good separation performance for surfactant stable oil‐in‐water emulsion. Furthermore, the modified membranes exhibit constant permeability and underwater oleophobicity in cycling experiments and harsh environments, indicating that the modified coating has stability against shedding of the modified materials. This method supports valuable references for MOF application in the field of oil–water separation.
Robust Catechol Containing Cationic Waterborne Polyurethanes with Antibacterial, UV Protective, and Adhesive Properties
Authors: Li Zhi , Zhao Shujun , Pang Huiwen , Sun Yi , Zhang Shifeng , Yu Yanglun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFunctional cationic waterborne polyurethanes (CWPUs) with environmental friendliness and excellent mechanical properties are widely desired in the materials industry. However, traditional modification methods such as molecular structure adjustment, crosslinking modification, and physical filling for polyurethane are overly complex and do not typically improve mechanical properties to the point of satisfying the stringent requirements for modern industrial materials. In this study, phenolic acid 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid with a catechol structure is applied to neutralize the tertiary ammonium structure on the side chain of polyurethane for the facile preparation of CWPU materials. The effects of this neutralizer on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and functional performance of CWPU samples (e.g., antibacterial, ultraviolet protection, coating properties) are systematically investigated. The results indicate that the catechol structures of the neutralizer provide abundant hydrogen bonding reaction sites, which greatly improves the mechanical properties of the CWPU films with the maximum strength of 43 MPa and simultaneously 1241% elongation at break. Furthermore, catechol structure and cationic attribute endow the CWPUs with excellent adhesion to various substrates, strong ultraviolet protection performance, and antibacterial ability. The proposed approach can be used to prepare robust CWPUs with strong functional performance as highly effective, environmental‐friendly materials over a large scale.
Lightweight Nanofibrous Crosslinked Composite Aerogels with Controllable Shapes and Superelasticity for Pressure Sensors
Authors: Ouyang Zhaofeng , Wang Chuang , Xu Dewen , Yu Hou‐Yong , Zhou Ying , Mu Mengya , Ge Dan , Miao Zhouyu , Tam Kam Chiu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSo far it is still a big challenge to construct the nanofibrous crosslinked composite aerogels with high compressive stress and excellent elastic resilience for pressure sensors. To solve this problem, a novel strategy of combining rigid inorganic nanofibers and flexible organic nanofibers is designed to obtain the crosslinked composite aerogels with outstanding compressive stress and stability. Surprisingly, the as‐prepared composite aerogels have an extremely low density of 11.27 mg cm−3, and the crosslinked composite aerogels with desire shapes can be easily controlled via changing the different molds on demand. More importantly, the composite aerogels can be compressed up to 80% with a quite high compressive stress of 41 kPa and it can recover to its original state well. It is worth mentioning that the as‐prepared aerogels can be encapsulated to construct ultrasensitive (0.53 kPa−1) and rapidly responsive (315 ms) pressure sensors for encrypted information transmission. Such excellent crosslinked composite aerogels will open up numerous application opportunities for pressure sensors, thermal insulation, and sound absorption.
Ricci almost solitons on semi‐Riemannian warped products
Authors: Borges Valter , Tenenblat Keti 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt is shown that a gradient Ricci almost soliton on a warped product, whose potential function f depends on the fiber, is either a Ricci soliton or λ is not constant and the warped product, the base and the fiber are Einstein manifolds, which admit conformal vector fields. Assuming completeness, a classification is provided for the gradient Ricci almost solitons on warped products, whose potential functions depend on the fiber. An important decomposition property of the potential function in terms of functions which depend either on the base or on the fiber is proven. In the case of a complete gradient Ricci soliton, the potential function depends only on the base.
Efficacy of antifungal agents against fungal spores: An in vitro study using microplate laser nephelometry and an artificially infected 3D skin model
Authors: Fink Sarah , Burmester Anke , Hipler Uta‐Christina , Neumeister Claudia , Götz Marcus R. , Wiegand Cornelia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDermal fungal infections seem to have increased over recent years. There is further a shift from anthropophilic dermatophytes to a growing prevalence of zoophilic species and the emergence of resistant strains. New antifungals are needed to combat these fungi and their resting spores. This study aimed to investigate the sporicidal effects of sertaconazole nitrate using microplate laser nephelometry against the microconidia of Trichophyton, chlamydospores of Epidermophyton, blastospores of Candida, and conidia of the mold Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. The results obtained were compared with those from ciclopirox olamine and terbinafine. The sporicidal activity was further determined using infected three‐dimensional full skin models to determine the antifungal effects in the presence of human cells. Sertaconazole nitrate inhibited the growth of dermatophytes, molds, and yeasts. Ciclopirox olamine also had good antifungal activity, although higher concentrations were needed compared to sertaconazole nitrate. Terbinafine was highly effective against most dermatophytes, but higher concentrations were required to kill the resistant strain Trichophyton indotineae. Sertaconazole nitrate, ciclopirox olamine, and terbinafine had no negative effects on full skin models. Sertaconazole nitrate reduced the growth of fungal and yeast spores over 72 h. Ciclopirox olamine and terbinafine also inhibited the growth of dermatophytes and molds but had significantly lower effects on the yeast. Sertaconazole nitrate might have advantages over the commonly used antifungals ciclopirox olamine and terbinafine in combating resting spores, which persist in the tissues, and thus in the therapy of recurring dermatomycoses.