bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth hormone protects oocytes from premature ovarian failure by alleviating apoptosis (GH protects oocytes from POF by alleviating apoptosis)
Authors: Hong Ziwei , Zhou Liying , Ji Hong , Xu Changlong , Yang Daowei , Yang Xiangjun , Wang Hailong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a mysterious disorder in women when the ovaries stop producing oocytes. Even though many causes are proposed as the pathogenesis of POF, the true underlying cause for the majority of POF cases has remained unidentified. Since POF severely interferes with fertility and it is a devastating diagnosis for women, itis necessary to develop new therapies to reduce the long-term health consequences from POF. To investigate the function and underlying mechanism of growth hormone (GH) in the development of ovaries, follicles, and oocytes under the condition of POF, we used the intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin to construct the POF mice model. Then, we assessed the function of GH in POF. Herein, we report that GH efficiently promoted the ovarian coefficient, development of follicles, and the number of oocytes. Mechanistically, GH prevented alternations of mitochondrial ultrastructure to stabilize the membrane potential, consequently reducing ROS level and early apoptosis of oocytes in POF mice. Furthermore, GH treatment stabilized the serum levels of Inhibin B (INHB) and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and regulated the expressions of apoptosis-related factors, growth hormone receptor (GHR), and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF - I). Thus, we concluded that GH supplementation promotes mitochondrial biogenesis to protect the oocyte from POF through the GHR/IGF-I signaling pathway.
A comparative study on the transverse relationship of molars in early mixed dentition between skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion and Class Ⅰ occlusion
Authors: Liu Fangming , Liu Dongxu , Liu Yi , Huang Haiyun , Shi Xiaoyang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective: This study aims to compare the width and buccal–lingual inclination of the maxillary and mandibular first molar area between children with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion and children with normal occlusion from 7 to 9 years old.
Methods: A total of 60 childrenaged 7–9 years, 30 with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion and 30 with normal occlusion that had one or two impacted teeth, were selected. The cone-beam computed tomography was performed on all patients. The arch width, basal bone widthand buccal-lingual inclination were measured using MIMICS21.0 software for three-dimensional reconstruction. The measured data were tested using the independent-samples t test with SPSS21.0 software.
Results: The width of the maxillary basal bone in the skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion group (59.75 ± 3.14 mm) was statistically smaller than that in the normal group (62.39 ± 3.01 mm) (P ＜ 0.05）. The mandibular basal bone width in the skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion group (60.00 ± 2.56 mm) was statistically larger than that in the normal group (59.75 ± 3.14 mm) (P < 0.05). The width difference of maxillary and mandibular bases in the skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion group was (–0.25 ± 1.70 mm) and that in the control group was (4.33 ± 1.20mm); a statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (P < 0.05). The buccal inclination of maxillary molars in the skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion group was (31.4 ± 8.9°) was significantly higher than that in the control group (17.64 ± 7.3°) (P< 0.01), and the lingual inclination angle of mandibular molars was (45.24 ± 8.3°). It was significantly higher than that in the normal group (37.96 ± 10.18°) (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Transverse maxillary and mandibular discrepancies in the posterior area, and transverse dental compensation of maxillary and mandibular molars in the preliminary stage of mixed dentition were found in patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion, which provides theoretical support for clinical diagnosis and treatment
Virus-like particle vaccines of Infectious bursal disease virus expressed in Escherichia coli are highly immunogenic and protect against virulent strain
Authors: Ji Pengchao , Li Tiantian , Wu Yanan , Shi Xuejian , Li Lu , Zhao Qi , Jiang Wenting , Wang Jiabin , Wang Panpan , Wang Tingting , Jiang Dawei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives Infectious bursal disease virus
(IBDV) is a highly contagious, acutely infectious agent that causes immunosuppression in chickens. we expressed IBDV VP2 protein in Escherichia coli (E. coli) to develop an effective virus like particles (VLPs) vaccine and evaluated its immunogenicity.
Methods
The VLPs produced in E. coli were used as immunogen mixed with Montanide™ ISA 71VG, ISA 71RVG or white oil adjuvants. VLPs without adjuvant, commercial subunit vaccine, inactivated vaccine and attenuated vaccine were used as controls. These test vaccines were intramuscularly injected into 19-day-old SPF chickens, which were challenged with IBDV virulent strain at 30 days after vaccination.
Results
The adjuvants boosted antibody production, and the adjuvant groups (except white oil) produced higher antibody levels than the non-adjuvanted controls and the commercial vaccine groups. In terms of cellular immunity, the VLPs plus adjuvant combinations produced higher levels of cytokines, IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ, than the controls.
Conclusion
IBDV VLPs plus ISA 71RVG adjuvant can be used as an optimal vaccine combination for improving the immune efficacy of IBD subunit vaccines which can protect against virulent strain.
Urolithin A reduces amyloid-beta load and improves cognitive deficits uncorrelated with plaque burden in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ballesteros-Alvarez Josue , Nguyen Wynnie , Sivapatham Renuka , Rane Anand , Andersen Julie K 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
In recent years, a burgeoning body of evidence has pointed to age-related dysfunction in neuronal autophagy as playing a prominent role in neuropathology associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the present study, we investigated the effects of urolithin A (UA), a metabolite generated from ellagic acid via its metabolism by gut bacteria, as an autophagy activator with potential neuroprotective activity.
Methods
WT and 3xTg-AD mice were administered long-term intermittent dietary supplementation with UA. Following evaluation of spatial learning and memory, associative learning and exploratory behavior, we employed fluorescence-based immunodetection of human Aβ42 + Aβ40 to determine Aβ plaque deposition and quantified Aβ42 in hippocampal and cortical homogenates via sandwich ELISA in 14-months old mice. Using neuronal cell types, we analyzed the effects of UA on the expression of autophagy genes and proteins and on lysosomal acidification. We treated mouse hippocampal cells with Aβ oligomers while inducing autophagy with UA and analyzed Aβ clearance.
Results
UA was found to prevent behavioral deficits in this model. It also decreased the Aβ plaque burden in areas of the hippocampus where these protein deposits are prominent in the model. Interestingly, correlation analyses demonstrate that Aβ plaque burden positively correlates with enhanced spatial memory in 3xTg mice on a control diet but not in those supplemented with UA. In contrast, Aβ42 abundance in cortical and hippocampal homogenates negatively correlate with spatial memory in UA-fed mice. UA was also found to extend lifespan in normal aging mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that UA is able to induce autophagy and to increase Aβ clearance in neuronal cell lines.
Conclusions
In summary, our data suggest that plaque formation may be a protective mechanism against neurodegeneration and cognitive decline and that targeting the generation of proteotoxic Aβ species might be a more successful approach in halting disease progression than targeting plaque formation. UA, likely via its actions as a autophagy inducer, is capable of removing Aβ from neurons and its dietary administration prevents the onset of cognitive deficits associated with pathological Aβ deposition the 3xTg AD mouse model as well as extending lifespan in normal aging mice.
Oral Health Status and Barriers to Oral Healthcare Among CP Children Attending a Health Care Center in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Kachwinya S M , Kemoli A M , Owino R , Okullo I , Bermudez J , Seminario A L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive neuromuscular condition diagnosed in childhood. CP as a form of disability, does not cause any specific oral disease. However, some oral conditions are more commonly associated with CP patients compared to the general population. The overarching aim of the current study was to determine the oral hygiene status, gingival status, and the prevalence of dental caries in children with CP attending a leading hospital institution for children with disabilities in Kampala, Uganda. Additionally, we determined the barriers faced by children with CP in accessing oral healthcare.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Comprehensive Rehabilitation Services Uganda (CoRSU) hospital in Kampala, Uganda. Our study population consisted of a convenient sample of 90 children diagnosed with CP aged 3–17 years and their caregivers. A validated and interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data of the participants. A modified World Health Organization (WHO) oral health assessment form for those aged 3–17 years was used to gather data on oral health status. Descriptive statistics was conducted to summarize demographic variables. T-test, ANOVA, and chi-square tests were conducted to identify factors associated with oral health outcomes (plaque score, gingival bleeding, and dental caries). Critical value was set up at 5%.
Results
Our findings showed that only 32.2% of the children evaluated had adequate oral hygiene and gingival bleeding was present in 44.4% of them. The prevalence of dental caries for both deciduous and permanent dentition was 63.3%, with DMFT values of 3.8 (SD = 4.5). The most common barrier that the caregivers reported was the challenge in modality or transportation availability from the children’s homes to the health facilities (34.4%).
Conclusions
The present study shows that children with CP in Uganda have significant prevalence of oral diseases and face several barriers to oral healthcare. Results from this study aim at providing relevant support to advocate for a nationwide change in policy to improve access to dental care to decrease the burden of oral diseases in children with special healthcare needs.
The Risk Factors Associated with The Incidence of Genital Warts in Iran
Authors: Nikoo Sara Talebipour , Lotfi Ali 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective:
Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases is an essential factor in managing diseases in the human population and increasing individuals' and society's health levels. Thus to increase our insufficient knowledge about proper prevention methods, we performed this study to assess the risk factors of the incidence of genital warts (GW).
Methods:
In this case-control study, we enrolled 120 women and divided them into two groups. Sixty women with GW were set in the case group, and 60 healthy women were set in the control group. Afterwards,s a questionnaire consisting of 13 questions regarding their life habituates was filled. The answers were analyzed using T-tests and chi-square test
Findings:
There was a statistically significant correlation between the incidence of GW and age (P-value=<0.001*), the years passed from first intercourse (P-value =0.02*), and the history of venereal diseases (P-value =0.03*). However, the correlation between this disease and smoking, use of contraceptive medications, use of barrier and gravidity methods, marriage, education, the job of the individual and her partner, and the type of intercourse was not statistically significant.
Conclusion:
It is interesting that although some factors may increase the risk of GW, some factors that one might reason should affect the prevalence of GW such as the use of barriers, marriage, and socioeconomics of the individuals had no significant effect on the prevalence of GW in this study.
Sleep-wake Disturbance following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Trajectory and Correlates
Authors: VEERAPUTHIRAN MUTHU , Gernat Jennifer , Yarlagadda Naveen , Bimali Milan , Matthews Ellyn E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Adults undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant (HSCT) experience progressive physical and psychosocial distress in early stages post-HSCT, including sleep-wake disturbance (SWD), psychological distress, and fatigue. We conducted a longitudinal feasibility study to determine severity/trajectory of SWDs and investigated relationships among actigraphic sleep parameters, sleepiness, insomnia severity, fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), anxiety, depression, and fatigue at 100 (T1), 150 (T2), and 180 days (T3) post-HSCT. Eight adults enrolled. Median total sleep time (TST) at T1–T3 days was adequate (7.24, 7.17, and 7.09 hours), but sleep efficiency (SE) was suboptimal (78.9%, 78.5%, 83.67%). Median Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores indicated minimal drowsiness and subclinical insomnia at T1–T3. Median FCR Inventory (FCRI) scores indicate diminishing FCR over time. Median scores across time for anxiety (48.05, 50.2, and 44.1) and depression (44.9, 41, and 41) suggest moderate–mild distress with slight fluctuations. Surprisingly, fatigue scores increased from T1–T3 (46, 50.9, and 52.1). Increases in ISI and FCRI scores were associated with modest increases in anxiety. Findings suggest the need to evaluate and address sleep, psychological distress, and fatigue in HSCT recipients. Larger studies to confirm prevalence of SWD and association with psychological factors are warranted.
Determination of immune factor levels in serum and local hematoma samples of osteoporotic fracture patients and clinical study of the effect of active vitamin D3 treatment on immune factor levels
Authors: Liu Sijia , Li Jianjun , Zhang Mingwei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate changes in systemic and local immune factors, namely, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, in patients with and without osteoporotic fractures and to explore the effects of active vitamin D3 treatment on immune function and fracture prognosis in patients with osteoporotic fractures.
Method
The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were measured before the operation. After the operation, the patients in the control group were treated with conventional fracture treatment and calcium supplementation, and the patients in the treatment group were treated with calcium plus active vitamin D3 in addition to conventional fracture treatment. The serum of each patient was collected on the 7th day after the operation.
Results
The expression levels of the three immune factors(IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) in the fracture end hematoma samples were significantly positively correlated with those in the serum samples (P < 0.05). The mean values of the serums of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the osteoporosis group were significantly higher than those in the non-osteoporosis group (P < 0.05). The average number of hematomas in the osteoporosis group was significantly higher than that in the non-osteoporosis group (P < 0.05). The results for the active vitamin D3 treatment group were significantly lower than those for the control group (P < 0.05). The mean wrist function score of the active vitamin D3 treatment group was significantly better than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The average fracture healing time of the treatment group was significantly shorter than that of the control group ( P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The relative expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the fracture end hematoma samples was positively correlated with the corresponding levels of these immune factors in the serum samples. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the serum and fracture end hematoma samples of the osteoporotic fracture patients were higher than those of the non-osteoporotic fracture patients. Active vitamin D3 treatment promoted fracture healing by affecting the levels of these immune factors.
Hypoxic trophoblasts secreted exosomes promote autophagy through TINCR to impair angiogenesis and drive preeclampsia
Authors: Ying Xiang , Wu Dong , Jin Xiao , Mei Shuang , Wang Kai , Wu Quan , Wang Xipeng , Li Xiao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pathological hypoxia/oxidative stress of placenta is a major cause in preeclampsia. Autophagy dysregulation has recently been linked to aberrant placental vascular function in preeclampsia [1, 2] while the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we found exosomal TINCR derived from trophoblasts exposed to hypoxia-oxidative stress induced placental vascular dysfunction through evoking excessive autophagic activation of endothelial cells related to preeclampsia. Specifically, umbilical cord serum- and plasma-derived exosomal TINCR levels were elevated in preeclampsia determined by microarray-based transcript analyses and qRT-PCR, which may be caused by trophoblasts releasing exosomes containing TINCR into circulation under pathological hypoxia conditions of the placenta. These exosomal TINCR impaired placental vascular function by promoting excessive autophagy of endothelial cells involved in preeclampsia-like symptoms both in vivo and in vitro. In contrast, the autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) partially reversed exosomal TINCR's effect on placental vascular dysfunction and preeclampsia symptoms. Mechanistically, TINCR promoted autophagy in endothelial cells by regulating miR-424/ ATG5 axis as a competing endogenous RNA. Therefore, preeclampsia was associated with the overactivation of endothelial cell autophagy by trophoblast-derived exosomal TINCR in regulating placental vascular function, indicating that targeting autophagy such as HCQ is a novel strategy for preeclampsia treatment.
Environmental enrichment enhances learning and memory after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Siqiu Chen , Li Xinran , Sun Xun , Zang Qian , Zhu Huquan , Liu Yaozu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We investigated the therapeutic effect of environmental enrichment (EE) on traumatic brain injury (TBI). Sixty 8-week-old SD rats were divided into four groups: sham-operated (sham group), sham + EE standard environment (STD), TBI group, and TBI + EE. Sham + EE and TBI + EE groups recovered in environmental enrichment areas after surgery, whereas the Sham and TBI groups recovered in STD. Modeling repeatability was assessed using acute neurology. The effect of EE on the differentiation of neural cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus was analyzed using immunofluorescence, whereas the cognitive learning ability of rats was analyzed using the Morris water maze test. Brain damage based on cortical lesions was assessed using HE. The expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF, three nerve growth factors, and three inflammatory factors in brain cortical tissue were analyzed using western blot. Fluorescence staining revealed that EE exerted its effect by promoting the proliferation of neuronal cells in the dentate gyrus of the rat hippocampus. The Morris water maze experiment showed that EE + TBI improved the cognitive function, learning, and memory of rats after brain injury. At 19 d, the cortical damage area of rats in the EE + TBI group had significantly reduced. Also, EE improved the cognitive function and long-term memory of rats. EE treatment further significantly increased NGF expression, neurotrophins-3, VEGF, BDNF, and IL-10 in the cerebral cortex after TBI. Also, EE significantly improved the nerve recovery and vascular structure in rats. IL-1β and TNF-α expression were lower in the EE + TBI group than in the EE group. In general, EE treatment can accelerate brain injury repair through revascularization, promotes the growth of residual neuronal axons, and improve neuroinflammation.
Methodology for integrating SuDS in urban planning; the case of Spain
Authors: Rodríguez-Rojas María Isabel , Abarca-Álvarez Francisco Javier , Niño-Soto Alexander Stward 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Climate change is possibly the biggest challenge facing cities today. The consequences of this phenomenon have led to the need to rethink urban models, so that the presence of water and green spaces can serve as a tool to make cities more resilient. In recent years, SuDS have been implemented to alleviate environmental problems caused by soil sealing and the effects of climate change. Their effectiveness has been demonstrated in cities around the world, however, the level of implementation is in most cases limited to mitigating the effects caused by inadequate urban planning. Some countries are going a step further by proposing actions to integrate the SuDS into different urban plans with the so-called ‘Water Sensitive Urban Design’. In Mediterranean countries it is even more necessary to advance in this direction, as both the topographical characteristics of the cities and the intense rainfall are generating serious environmental problems. In the case of Spain, there are hardly any proposals related to the integration of SuDS in planning. This paper proposes a methodology for this in the different urban plans existing in this country, which can be extrapolated to other Mediterranean countries such as France and Italy. This methodology will help to enhance the use of SuDS in cities and will generate considerable progress in sustainable planning.
Triage performance of human gene EPB41L3 and HPV 16/18 viral DNA methylation among hrHPV positive women: a cohort study
Authors: Rezhake Remila , Wang Yan , Shen Guqun , Zhao Xuelian , Pan Qinjing , Zhang Xun , Arbyn Marc , Zhang Yuanming , Zhao Fanghui , Qiao Youlin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Methylation-based biomarkers show promise in triaging hrHPV positive women, however, more evidence from population-based prospective studies is required to confirm its utility in real-world settings.
Methods: 2000 women from Xinjiang, China were screened for cervical cancer in 2018 and annually followed-up until 2020. Swab samples of baseline hrHPV positive women were used to perform a methylation test targeting the host gene EPB41L3 and HPV16/18 DNA L1/L2 regions. Triage accuracy and predictive values of the methylation test were evaluated in comparison with HPV16/18 and cytology triage using cross-sectional and 24-months outcomes.
Results: Overall methylation positivity was 12.4% among hrHPV positive women, and test positivity increased by the histology lesions (7.7% in normal, 9.1% in CIN1, 62.5% in CIN2, 75.0% in CIN3 and 100% in cancer cases, ptrend<0.05). Women being methylation positive at baseline had a significantly higher risk of hrHPV persistence at 12-month and 24-month follow-up (RR12M=1.9, 95%CI: 1.4-2.5 and RR24M=1.7, 95%CI: 1.1-2.5). The specificity of methylation (92.1%) was substantially higher than either HPV16/18 (78.7%, p<0.001) and cytology (79.2%, p <0.001). For CIN2+, the cross-sectional triage sensitivity of methylation appeared slightly higher than HPV16/18 but less than cytology triage with values of 70.6%, 64.7%, and 94.1% respectively (pexact=1.000, and pexact=0.213 respectively) .The longitudinal sensitivity of methylation over 24-month follow-up was 56.0%, as compared to 64.0% (pexact=0.688) for HPV16/18 and 76.0%, (pexact=0.125) for cytology. Methylation test showed high positive predictive values for CIN2+ (41.4% at baseline and 50.0% at 24-month follow-up), while the CIN2+ risk of methylation negative women (cNPV) remained considerable (2.5% at baseline and 6.9% at 24-month follow-up).
Conclusions: Methylation could improve triage specificity and colposcopy efficiency, and predict elevated risk of hrHPV persistence and CIN2+ during 24-month follow-up, suggesting that DNA methylation could be a useful triage tool for hrHPV positive women. Women negative by either methylation, HPV16/18 or cytology would still require careful follow-up.