bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Race and ethnicity moderate the associations between lifetime psychedelic use (MDMA and psilocybin) and psychological distress and suicidality
Authors: Jones Grant M. , Nock Matthew K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPsychedelic compounds have been linked to salutary mental health outcomes in both naturalistic and clinical settings; however, current research on psychedelics suffers from a lack of inclusion and focus on racial and ethnic minorities. Thus, the goal of our study was to assess whether race and ethnicity moderate the associations that naturalistic lifetime MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) use and psilocybin use share with past month psychological distress and past year suicidality (ideation and planning). Using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) (2008–2019) (N = 484,732), we conducted survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression to conduct interaction tests and to assess the associations that MDMA use and psilocybin use share with the aforementioned outcomes for each racial and ethnic group. Race and ethnicity significantly moderated the associations between MDMA and psilocybin use and psychological distress and suicidality. For White participants, MDMA and psilocybin use conferred lowered odds of all distress and suicidality outcomes. For racial and ethnic minority participants, the associations between psychedelic use and suicidality were far fewer. These findings invite further research into the impact of race, ethnicity, and other identity factors (e.g., socioeconomic status, sexual/gender minority status) on the effects of psychedelic substances.
Effect of osteopathic techniques on human resting muscle tone in healthy subjects using myotonometry: a factorial randomized trial
Authors: Bohlen Lucas , Schwarze Jonah , Richter Jannik , Gietl Bernadette , Lazarov Christian , Kopyakova Anna , Brandl Andreas , Schmidt Tobias 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are highly prevalent, burdensome, and putatively associated with an altered human resting muscle tone (HRMT). Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is commonly and effectively applied to treat MSDs and reputedly influences the HRMT. Arguably, OMT may modulate alterations in HRMT underlying MSDs. However, there is sparse evidence even for the effect of OMT on HRMT in healthy subjects. A 3 × 3 factorial randomised trial was performed to investigate the effect of myofascial release (MRT), muscle energy (MET), and soft tissue techniques (STT) on the HRMT of the corrugator supercilii (CS), superficial masseter (SM), and upper trapezius muscles (UT) in healthy subjects in Hamburg, Germany. Participants were randomised into three groups (1:1:1 allocation ratio) receiving treatment, according to different muscle-technique pairings, over the course of three sessions with one-week washout periods. We assessed the effect of osteopathic techniques on muscle tone (F), biomechanical (S, D), and viscoelastic properties (R, C) from baseline to follow-up (primary objective) and tested if specific muscle-technique pairs modulate the effect pre- to post-intervention (secondary objective) using the MyotonPRO (at rest). Ancillary, we investigate if these putative effects may differ between the sexes. Data were analysed using descriptive (mean, standard deviation, and quantiles) and inductive statistics (Bayesian ANOVA). 59 healthy participants were randomised into three groups and two subjects dropped out from one group (n = 20; n = 20; n = 19–2). The CS produced frequent measurement errors and was excluded from analysis. OMT significantly changed F (−0.163 [0.060]; p = 0.008), S (−3.060 [1.563]; p = 0.048), R (0.594 [0.141]; p < 0.001), and C (0.038 [0.017]; p = 0.028) but not D (0.011 [0.017]; p = 0.527). The effect was not significantly modulated by muscle-technique pairings (p > 0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant sex-specific difference for F from baseline to follow-up. No adverse events were reported. OMT modified the HRMT in healthy subjects which may inform future research on MSDs. In detail, MRT, MET, and STT reduced the muscle tone (F), decreased biomechanical (S not D), and increased viscoelastic properties (R and C) of the SM and UT (CS was not measurable). However, the effect on HRMT was not modulated by muscle–technique interaction and showed sex-specific differences only for F.Trial registration German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS00020393).
One-click device for rapid visualization and extraction of latent evidence through multi-moding light source integration and light-guiding technology
Authors: Zhao Xuejun , Cai Nengbin , Huang Xiaochun , Liu Wenbin , Gao Fei , Wang Changliang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVisualizing latent evidence at a crime scene has gained popularity in the field of forensic science during the past few years. Thus, this study designs and develops a one-click device for the rapid visualization and extraction of latent evidence through multimodal light source integration and light-guiding technology. Our device exhibits multispectral and angle timing functions for storing the captured evidence images. Furthermore, the geometric registration, feature extraction, feature optimization, and feature integration of the evidence images are processed by a backend system, and the images are then presented. Overall, this study enhances the standard and the technical content of evidence extraction and simplifies the evidence extraction process. In addition to the rapid handling of the scenes captured at a crime scene, the one-click device has other notable advantages, such as fast imaging, portability, being independent of the environmental conditions and the operator’s technical capabilities, and zero pollution to ensure the repeatability of material evidence extraction. Compared with the original optical forensics equipment, the spectrum and angle of our system are more extensive.
A novel intelligent displacement prediction model of karst tunnels
Authors: Fu Hai-ying , Zhao Yan-yan , Ding Hao-jiang , Rao Yun-kang , Yang Tao , Zhou Ming-zhe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractKarst is a common engineering environment in the process of tunnel construction, which poses a serious threat to the construction and operation, and the theory on calculating the settlement without the assumption of semi-infinite half-space is lack. Meanwhile, due to the limitation of test conditions or field measurement, the settlement of high-speed railway tunnel in Karst region is difficult to control and predict effectively. In this study, a novel intelligent displacement prediction model, following the machine learning (ML) incorporated with the finite difference method, is developed to evaluate the settlement of the tunnel floor. A back propagation neural network (BPNN) algorithm and a random forest (RF) algorithm are used herein, while the Bayesian regularization is applied to improve the BPNN and the Bayesian optimization is adopted for tuning the hyperparameters of RF. The newly proposed model is employed to predict the settlement of Changqingpo tunnel floor, located in the southeast of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, China. Numerical simulations have been performed on the Changqingpo tunnel in terms of variety of karst size, and locations. Validations of the numerical simulations have been validated by the field data. A data set of 456 samples based on the numerical results is constructed to evaluate the accuracy of models’ predictions. The correlation coefficients of the optimum BPNN and BR model in testing set are 0.987 and 0.925, respectively, indicating that the proposed BPNN model has more great potential to predict the settlement of tunnels located in karst areas. The case study of Changqingpo tunnel in karst region has demonstrated capability of the intelligent displacement prediction model to well predict the settlement of tunnel floor in Karst region.
Condition- and context-dependent variation of sexual dimorphism across lizard populations at different spatial scales
Authors: Muraro Martina , Sherpa Stéphanie , Barzaghi Benedetta , Bombi Pierluigi , Borgatti Danilo , Di Canio Viola , Dalpasso Andrea , Falaschi Mattia , Gambioli Benedetta , Manenti Raoul , Marta Silvio , Momigliano Paolo , Nanni Veronica , Pardo Claudio , Parrino Elia Lo , Scali Stefano , Storniolo Federico , Vignoli Leonardo , Zuffi Marco A. L. , Sacchi Roberto , Salvi Daniele , Ficetola Gentile Francesco 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe evolution of sexual dimorphism (SD) is driven by intricate interplays between sexual and natural selection. When it comes to SD variation within populations, however, environmental factors play a major role. Sexually selected traits are expected to be strongly dependent on individual body condition, which is influenced by the local environment that individuals experience. As a consequence, the degree of SD may also depend on resource availability. Here, we investigated the potential drivers of SD expression at two sexually dimorphic morphometric traits, body size (snout vent length) and head shape (head geometric morphometrics), in the Italian wall lizard (Podarcis siculus). We assessed the existence of condition- and context-dependent SD across ten islands of the Aeolian archipelago (southern Italy), at within- and among-population scales. We observed strong geographical variation of SD among islands, and tested three potential SD predictors related to resource availability (individual body condition, ecosystem productivity, temperature). Body condition and ecosystem productivity were the main drivers of body size SD variation, and body condition was also the main driver for head shape SD. Our results highlight that the expression of SD in the Italian wall lizard is both condition- and context-dependent. These results are congruent at within- and among-populations scales highlighting that spatial multi-scale analysis represents a useful approach to understand patterns of SD expression.
One-step direct conversion of methane to methanol with water in non-thermal plasma
Authors: Bi Wenfei , Tang Yu , Li Xuemei , Dai Chengyi , Song Chunshan , Guo Xinwen , Ma Xiaoxun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAchieving methane-to-methanol is challenging under mild conditions. In this study, methanol is synthesized by one-step direction conversion of CH4 with H2O at room temperature under atmospheric pressure in non-thermal plasma (NTP). This route is characterized by the use of methane and liquid water as the reactants, which enables the transfer of the methanol product to the liquid phase in time to inhibit its further decomposition and conversion. Therefore, the obtained product is free of carbon dioxide. The reaction products include gas and liquid-phase hydrocarbons, CO, CH3OH, and C2H5OH. The combination of plasma and semiconductor materials increases the production rate of methanol. In addition, the addition of Ar or He considerably increases the production rate and selectivity of methanol. The highest production rate of methanol and selectivity in liquid phase can reach 56.7 mmol gcat−1 h−1 and 93%, respectively. Compared with the absence of a catalyst and added gas, a more than 5-fold increase in the methanol production rate is achieved.
Spatial regionalization based on optimal information compression
Authors: Kirkley Alec 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRegionalization, spatially contiguous clustering, provides a means to reduce the effect of noise in sampled data and identify homogeneous areas for policy development among many other applications. Existing regionalization methods require user input such as the number of regions or a similarity measure between regions, which does not allow for the extraction of the natural regions defined solely by the data itself. Here we view the problem of regionalization as one of data compression and develop an efficient, parameter-free regionalization algorithm based on the minimum description length principle. We demonstrate that our method is capable of recovering planted spatial clusters in noisy synthetic data, and that it can meaningfully coarse-grain real demographic data. Using our description length formulation, we find that spatial ethnoracial data in U.S. metropolitan areas has become less compressible over the period from 1980 to 2010, reflecting the rising complexity of urban segregation patterns in these metros.
Hydrodynamical simulations for the common-envelope wind model for Type Ia supernovae
Authors: Cui Yingzhen , Meng Xiangcun , Podsiadlowski Philipp , Song Ren 
Published: October 2022

Context. The single-degenerate (SD) model is one of the leading models for the progenitors of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Recently, a new version of the SD model, the common-envelope wind (CEW) model, has been proposed, which, in principle, has the potential to resolve most of the difficulties encountered by previous SD models. This model is still being developed and a number of open issues remain, such as the details of the mass-loss mechanism from the surface of the common envelope (CE), the main observational properties, and the spiral-in timescale of the binary inside the envelope.
Aims. In this article, we aim to address these issues by considering hydrodynamical effects on the CE.
Methods. Using the stellar evolution code MESA, we carried out a series of 1D hydrodynamical simulations of an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star undergoing a common-envelope phase with different envelope masses (0.0007 M⊙–0.06 M⊙). The effect of the immersed binary was mimicked by changing the gravitational constant throughout the envelope and injecting an extra heating source at the location of the binary orbit.
Results. We found that the envelopes are always dynamically unstable, leading to regular mass ejection events if the envelope is more massive than the critical value of ∼0.003 M⊙. The κ mechanism can naturally explain this phenomenon. We also found that, due to the low mass of the CE, the estimated frictional luminosity caused by the spiral-in of the immersed binary is much less than the nuclear luminosity, and therefore will not affect the structure of the CE significantly.
Conclusions. Our results imply that the CE in the CEW model cannot be very massive. We also present a rough estimate for the spiral-in timescale based on a simplified model. We found that, for reasonable assumptions, the timescale may be longer than a few 105 yr; therefore, the white dwarf (WD) may have enough time to increase its mass toward the Chandrasekhar mass, avoiding a merger with the companion.
Near-infrared observations of RR Lyrae and Type II Cepheid variables in the metal-rich bulge globular cluster NGC 6441
Authors: Bhardwaj A. , Kanbur S. M. , Rejkuba M. , Marconi M. , Catelan M. , Ripepi V. , Singh H. P. 
Published: October 2022

Context. NGC 6441 is a bulge globular cluster (GC) with an unusual horizontal branch morphology and a rich population of RR Lyrae (RRL) and Type II Cepheid (T2C) variables that is unexpected for its relatively high metallicity.
Aims. Our goal is to characterize the pulsation properties of the population II RRL and T2C variables in this metal-rich GC and compare them with a sample of variables in more metal-poor clusters, as well as with theoretical predictions.
Methods. We present JHKs time-series observations of 42 RRLs, eight T2Cs, and ten eclipsing binary candidate variables in NGC 6441 . The multi-epoch observations were obtained using the FLAMINGOS-2 instrument on the 8-m Gemini South telescope. Multiband data are used to investigate pulsation properties of the RRL and T2C variables, including their light curves, instability strip, period–amplitude diagrams, and period–luminosity and period–Wesenheit relations (PLRs and PWRs) in the JHKs filters.
Results. The near-infrared (NIR) pulsation properties of RRL variables are well fitted with theoretical models that have canonical helium content and the mean-metallicity of NGC 6441 ([Fe/H] = −0.44 ± 0.07 dex). The helium-enhanced RRL models predict brighter NIR magnitudes and bluer colors than the observations of RRL in the cluster. We find that the empirical slopes of the RRL PLRs and PWRs in NGC 6441 are statistically consistent with those of RRLs in more metal-poor GCs, as well as the theoretical models. Therefore, we use theoretical calibrations of RRL period–luminosity–metallicity (PLZ) relations to simultaneously estimate the mean reddening, E(J − Ks)=0.26 ± 0.06 mag, and the distance, d = 12.67 ± 0.09 kpc, to NGC 6441. Our mean reddening value is consistent with an independent estimate from the bulge reddening map based on red clump stars. The RRL-based distance agrees well with similar literature measurements based on the PLZ relations, and the Gaia and other independent methods. Our distance and reddening values provide a very good agreement between the PLRs of T2Cs in NGC 6441 and those for RRLs and T2Cs in Galactic GCs that span a broad range of metallicity.
Conclusions. We conclude that the NIR colour-magnitude diagrams, pulsation properties, and PLRs for RRLs and T2Cs in NGC 6441 are in good agreement with the predictions of RRL pulsation models with canonical helium content. This suggests that these population II variables are either not significantly helium enhanced, as previously thought, or the impact of such enhancement is smaller in NIR than the predictions of the pulsation models.
Bewegungstherapie bei nicht-heilbaren, fortgeschrittenen
Krebserkrankungen
Authors: Jensen Wiebke , Schmidt Thorsten 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDank der Entwicklung neuer Chemotherapie-Protokolle und verbesserter
zielgerichteter Therapiestrategien hat sich das Überleben von Patienten
mit nicht-heilbaren, fortgeschrittenen Krebserkrankungen deutlich
verlängert. Durch die krankheitsbedingten Symptome und die
zusätzlichen therapiebedingten Nebenwirkungen wird die
Lebensqualität dieser Patienten aber deutlich eingeschränkt.
Übersichtsarbeiten zeigen, dass auch Patienten mit nicht-heilbaren,
fortgeschrittenen Krebserkrankungen von angepasster Bewegungstherapie
profitieren können. Es wurde eine Literaturrecherche mithilfe
elektronischer Datenbanken (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library)
durchgeführt und eine Übersicht der randomisierten
kontrollierten Studien (RCTs) zur Bewegungstherapie bei nicht-heilbaren,
fortgeschrittenen Krebserkrankungen gegeben. Die dargestellten Studien zeigen,
dass eine gezielte Bewegungstherapie bei Patienten mit nicht-heilbaren,
fortgeschrittenen Krebserkrankungen sicher und durchführbar ist und
positive Effekte auf die Lebensqualität, auf krankheits- und
therapiebedingte Symptome wie Fatigue, Dyspnoe und auf den körperlichen
Funktionsstatus erzielen kann. Der Artikel beinhaltet außerdem einen
Diskurs mit einem Praxisbezug zum Thema Knochenmetastasen.
Physikalische Medizin als Teil der
Palliativ-Team-Versorgung
Authors: Uher Eva Maria , Heine Georg , Sauberer Judith 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungFür das PMR-Team ist sowohl im ambulanten wie auch im stationären
Bereich oberstes Ziel, das Vertrauen der PalliativpatientInnen zu
stärken, um die bestmögliche Versorgung zu erhalten. Essenziell
dafür ist die enge Kooperation sowohl multiprofessionell als auch
intradisziplinär unter Führung (therapeutischer) Case-Manager,
die eine wichtige Informationsdrehscheibe für das gesamte Team
darstellen. Die Kenntnis der Bandbreite möglicher Indikationen, deren
Kontraindikationen und der Summationseffekte mehrerer physikalischer Therapien
sollten Teil der Ausbildung und Wissensstand aller in der Palliativmedizin
arbeitenden KollegInnen sein. Abgestimmte therapeutische, pflegerische und
ärztliche Maßnahmen unterstützen PatientInnen wie
Angehörige während der palliativmedizinischen Phase der
Betreuung.
Rückenschmerzen und erhöhtes Bandscheibenvorfallrisiko bei Astronauten während und nach Raumfahrtmissionen
Authors: Swanenburg Jaap , Egli Marcel , Schweinhardt Petra 
Published: October 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGRückenschmerzen zu Beginn einer Raumfahrtmission sowie ein erhöhtes Risiko für Bandscheibenvorfälle (Diskusprolaps) nach der Rückkehr ist ein seit Langem bekanntes medizinisches Problem der bemannten Raumfahrt. Mit dem Bestreben, den Mond permanent zu besiedeln, wird der Erhalt der körperlichen Gesundheit in einer für den Menschen fremden Umgebung ein zentraler Faktor. Im Vergleich zu den Apollo-Flügen zum Mond in den 1970er-Jahren sollen die Aufenthalte auf dem Mond in Zukunft nicht nur ein paar Tage dauern, sondern Monate, was neue Gesundheitsrisiken mit sich bringt. Durch die Entfernung zur Erde und den dadurch eingeschränkten Zugang zu medizinischen Leistungen wird es ferner viel schwieriger oder gar unmöglich, bei Notfällen schnell einzugreifen. Deshalb sind neue Ideen zur Bewältigung der medizinischen Herausforderungen gefragt.
Management of Enteral Feeding and Application of Probiotics in Very
Low Birth Weight Infants – A National Survey in German
NICUs
Authors: Lange Matthias , Figura Yannick , Böhne Carolin , Beske Florian , Heep Axel , Bohnhorst Bettina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background The advantage of breast milk feeding, and supplementation of
probiotics is well known and proven. However, the lack of reliable amounts of
colostrum and/or transient breast milk during the first few postnatal
days might inhibit timely enteral nutrition.
Methods The aim of this nationwide survey in German Level-1 neonatal
intensive care units (NICUs) was to collect data regarding the management of
feeding in the first days of life in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs,
birth weight<1500 g). In addition, we analyzed differences in
the use of probiotics. An online survey was sent to all 163 Level-1 NICUs in
Germany.
Results 110/163 (67.5%) hospitals participated in our
study. One-fifth of all participants used exclusively breast milk. The reported
incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) was lower in NICUs that exclusively
used breast milk in VLBWIs (p=0.08). Two-thirds start enteral feeding
independent of gestational age during the first 12 hours postnatally
with either breast milk or formula. 80% of all participants checked
gastric residuals routinely. The use of probiotics differs widely concerning
duration and interruption during antibiotic therapy.
Conclusion The exclusive use of breast milk is associated with a lower
incidence of NEC. The result of our survey emphasizes the paramount importance
of nutrition with mother`s milk. In case of insufficient availability of
mother`s milk, the use of human donor milk still appears to be superior
to formula feeding. The implementation of human donor milk banks should
therefore be promoted.