bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CNTNAP2 Associated Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Intellectual Disability and Epilepsy comorbidity in Pakistani population.
Authors: MUDASSIR BEHJAT UL 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
· Background:
The genetics of neurodevelopmental disorders is partially investigated due to the multiple additive risk factors found to be involved. Emergence of individual genes implicated across multiple diseases suggests that they might share similar underlying driving pathways. The CNTNAP2 gene is an excellent presentation, that has been found in a variety of phenotypes. The role of CNTNAP2 is implicated in a vast number of neural and genetic networks of neurodevelopment which leads to the understanding of regulation and function of this gene. The diverse roles of CNTNAP2 can enhance our understanding of how combinations of individual genetic risk factors can contribute to the complexity of neurodevelopmental disorders.
· Methods:
The present study aims to investigate the role of CNTNAP2 polymorphism as a risk factor for comorbidity of Intellectual Disability and epilepsy in Pakistani population. 170 patients and 175 healthy controls took part in this study from different areas of Pakistan. Genotyping using Tetra-primer ARMS PCR technique was conducted to investigate the association between rs147815978 (G/T) and rs2710102 (A/G) of CNTNAP2 gene and intellectual disability and epilepsy co-occurrence in patients of different age groups.
· Results:
The genotyping data was analysed to trace the effect of CNTNAP2polymorphism on the comorbidity of ID and EPI diseases in study participants. Probability values less than 0.05 were considered significant for the association of CNTNAP2 rs147815978 and rs2710102. Results suggested a probable role of CNTNAP2 gene polymorphism predisposition to comorbidity of neurodevelopmental disorders in Pakistani population.
· Conclusion:
CNTNAP2 polymorphisms have a significant role in co-occurrence of NDDs due to the underlying shared molecular mechanisms causing neurodevelopment.
· Trial Registration:
Not Applicable for this study. Ethical approval from Ethical Review Committee of Department of Biosciences, Comsats University Islamabad campus was obtained prior to conduction of all procedures.
Determinants of household food resilience to Covid-19: Case of the Niayes zone in Senegal
Authors: Diouf Awa , Diallo Yoro , Ndiaye Mouhamadou Fallilou , Hathie Ibrahima 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Covid-19 crisis had negative economic and social effects worldwide, and its repercussions have been more significant on vulnerable populations. This article examines the food resilience capacity of households in the Senegal’s Niayes area during the first wave of Covid-19, regarding the quality and quantity of meals consumed. We use an ordered probit model with field survey data collected from 443 households. Results highlight some significant determinants of household food resilience, including public and private social protection measures in place before and after the crisis. The ARC-Replica NGO Consortium’s money transfer program has enabled households to improve their food situation for all three included periods. However, food aid from the Senegalese government and the United Nations has been ineffective. Furthermore, measures settled to support households during the hunger gap (aid from ARC-Replica and the Office of the Food Security Commissioner) improved households food resilience. Thus, results show that for aid to be more effective, its objectives and the implementation period must be in line with the expectations and needs of target population. Therefore, the aid settled for agricultural households is more relevant during the hunger gap. Finally, endogenous resilience strategies, including diversity of income sources and migrant remittances, did not improve household food resilience during Covid-19. This highlights the importance of the negative internal and external effects of the crisis on households, but also the need for effective and recurrent social protection measures to sustainably improve household resilience to shocks.
Perspectives of Anesthesiology Program Leadership on Virtual Resident Recruitment
Authors: Kofskey Alexander M. , Lee Donaldson C. , Piennette Paul D. , Singh Nikhi P. , King Timothy W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly transformed resident recruitment. It remains uncertain whether virtual modalities were effective for assessing and recruiting anesthesiology applicants during the 2020-2021 recruitment season. This study surveyed anesthesiology residency leadership to evaluate their perceptions of pre-interview virtual offerings, virtual interviews, and social media and the utility of these modalities for recruitment purposes.
Methods: A Qualtrics XM survey was developed and distributed by email to anesthesiology residency program directors in June 2021. The survey was open until July 2021. Responses were anonymized, and descriptive statistics were performed for each survey question and answer choice. Partially completed surveys were excluded from analysis.
Results: Of the 152 anesthesiology program directors reached via email, 28 surveys were completed, with a response rate of 18.3%. During the 2020 recruitment season, all surveyed programs employed pre-interview virtual offerings; twenty-six (93%) offered them for the first time. Most programs utilized virtual open houses (86%) and question and answer (Q&A) sessions with residents (68%). These offerings were primarily used to provide information to applicants (96%) and facilitate resident and applicant interaction (61%). Social media was used by most programs (85%) during the 2020-2021 recruitment cycle. Twenty (67%) developed social media account(s) in 2020, mostly on Instagram (95%) and Twitter (55%). Compared to pre-pandemic interview seasons, most programs (64%) extended more interview invitations, generally citing larger applicant pools and uncertainty related to gauging applicant interest. Most respondents (74%) believed applicants would be assessed similarly regardless of interview modality if dual options for in-person and virtual interviews were available in future years.
Conclusions: Anesthesiology programs overwhelmingly acknowledge the value of virtual open houses and social media engagement, even thought some appear reluctant to embrace virtual interviews permanently. This data suggests programs will continue to promote their virtual profile to recruit prospective applicants and be receptive to creative solutions in light of global health uncertainty.
Incidence, management, and outcomes of traumatic glaucoma in a tertiary eye hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: al-Atiah Fatemah , al-Dalgan Hind , al-Suhaibani Abdulrahman , Schargel Konrad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurpose The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, demographic, and epidemiological data for glaucoma developing after ocular trauma (open and closed globe injuries; all age groups) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We also explored the different management strategies in detail. Methods We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 80 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of traumatic glaucoma treated at the largest tertiary eye hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from 2014 to 2021. The incidence of glaucoma after ocular trauma, patients’ demographic characteristics, average duration between ocular trauma and glaucoma diagnosis, other ocular pathologies associated with glaucoma, and different management strategies were evaluated. Results The incidence of secondary traumatic glaucoma was 20.5%, with the majority of affected patients (nearly 88%) aged < 30 years. The mean interval between ocular trauma and glaucoma diagnosis was 25.35 ± 46.53 months (range: 0.1–240 months). Open globe injury and closed globe injury had occurred in 58.8% and 41.3% of patients, respectively; 77.5% of patients were diagnosed with secondary open-angle glaucoma, whereas 22.5% were diagnosed with secondary acute angle-closure glaucoma. Angle recession accounted for nearly 41% cases. Conclusion Traumatic glaucoma is a vast topic of study. This study revealed that secondary traumatic glaucoma is not uncommon and frequently shows late onset after the trauma. It is associated with abnormalities involving visual acuity and intraocular pressure and can be managed by single or multiple treatments with or without surgery. Prognosis is often unfavorable depending on various risk factors.
Identification of miRNA biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Santos Julia Matzenbacher dos , Dombkowski Alan , Putt David , Chen Guoan , Choi Hyeon-Gyeom , Kim Sohee , Beer David G , Kim Hyesook 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: The majority of lung cancer patients are diagnosed at an advanced or metastatic stage and their 5-year survival rate is < 5%. However, when patients are diagnosed at an early stage, Stage I, they have ~70% 5-year survival rate. The aim of the study was to identify Stage I lung cancer miRNA biomarkers for early lung cancer detection.
Methods: RNA was isolated from serum of 11 healthy subjects and 45 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients comprised of 21 Stage I, 8 Stage II and 11 Stage III adenocarcinoma (AC) and 5 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients, and from NSCLC (A549, H23, H1437, H460 and H1299) and kidney (ACHN) cell lines. Eight miRNA lung cancer biomarker candidates were selected based on previously published studies, were analyzed by qRT-PCR/Taqman® analyses.
Results: MiR486 levels were up-regulated in Stages I, II and III AC. Whereas MiR-122 and miR-29c were not detected in serum samples in most healthy subjects, these respective miRNAs were expressed in 62% and 71% of Stage I and 88% and 100% of Stage II and 91 and 100% of Stage III lung AC patients. Ratios of miR-486/miR-16 and miR-29c/miR-16 were ~10-fold higher in A549 lung AC cell lysates and media compared with renal ACHN cell lysates and media and both miRNAs were higher in A549 cells when compared to other lung cancer cell lines.
Conclusions: Upregulation of miR-486 and miR-29c in blood can be used as a biomarker for early AC lung cancer diagnosis.
Fine Mapping of CscpFtsY, a Gene Conferring the Yellow Leaf Phenotype in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Zha Gaohui , Yin Juan , Cheng Feng , Song Mengfei , Zhang Mengru , Obel Hesbon Ochieng , Wang Yi , Chen Jinfeng , Lou Qunfeng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Leaf color mutants are ideal materials to study pigment metabolism and photosynthesis. Leaf color variations are mainly affected by chlorophylls (Chls) and carotenoid contents and chloroplast development in higher plants. However, the regulation of chlorophyll metabolism remains poorly understood in many plant species. The chloroplast signal-recognition particle system is responsible for the insertion of the light harvesting chlorophyll a/b proteins (LHCPs) to thylakoid membranes, which controls the chloroplast development as well as the regulation of Chls biosynthesis posttranslationally in higher plants.
Results
In this study, the yellow leaf cucumber mutant, named yl, was found in an EMS-induced mutant library, which exhibited a significantly reduced chlorophyll content, abnormal chloroplast ultrastructure and decreased photosynthetic capacity. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the phenotype of yl was controlled by a recessive nuclear gene. Using BSA-seq technology combined with the map-based cloning method, we narrowed the locus to a 100 kb interval in chromosome 3. Linkage analysis and allelism test validated the candidate SNP residing in CsaV3_3G009150 encoding one homolog of chloroplast signal-recognition particle (cpSRP) receptor in Arabidopsis, cpFtsY, could be responsible for the yellow leaf phenotype of yl. The relative expression of CscpFtsY was significantly down-regulated in different organs except for the stem, of yl compared with that in the wild type (WT). Subcellular localization result showed that CscpFtsY located in chloroplasts of mesophyll cells.
Conclusions
The yl mutant displayed Chls-deficient, impaired chloroplast ultrastructure with intermittent grana stacks and significantly decreased photosynthetic capacity. The isolation of CscpFtsY in cucumber could accelerate the progress on chloroplast development by cpSRP-dependant LHCP delivery system and regulation of Chls biosynthesis in a post-translational way.
Emotion processing deficits in youths with conduct problems: An fMRI meta-analysis
Authors: Berluti Kathryn , Ploe Montana , Marsh Abigail 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies consistently indicate emotion processing deficits in youth with conduct problems. However, no prior meta-analysis has investigated emotion-specific responses associated with conduct problems. This meta-analysis aimed to generate an up-to-date assessment of socio-affective neural responding among youths with conduct problems. A systematic literature search was conducted in youths (ages 10-21) with conduct problems. Task-specific analyses examined responses to threatening images, fearful and angry facial expressions, and empathic pain stimuli across the whole brain. Amygdala region of interest (ROI) analyses were also conducted when data were available. Additional analyses explored responding among youths with callous-unemotional traits. Analyses incorporated a total of 23 fMRI studies, which included 606 youths with conduct problems and 459 comparison youths. ROI analyses of responses to negative images and fearful facial expressions showed reduced activation in right amygdala across youths with conduct problems relative to controls. Whole-brain analyses revealed reduced activity in left supplementary motor area and superior frontal gyrus when youths with conduct problems viewed angry facial expressions. Youths with callous-unemotional traits also exhibited reduced activation in left fusiform gyrus, superior parietal gyrus, and middle temporal gyrus when viewing fearful facial expressions. Youths with conduct problems displayed atypical activation in regions that included the amygdala and temporal cortex when viewing socio-affective fear, anger, and empathic pain stimuli. This reduced activation may underpin reduced empathic responding, dysregulated social learning, and heightened risk for aggression.
Identification for the species of aquatic higher plants in the Taihu Lake basin based on hyperspectral remote sensing
Authors: Mu Shichen , You Kai , Song Ting , Li Yajie , Wang Lihong , Shi Junzhe 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aquatic plants are crucial for an aquatic ecosystem, and their species and distribution reflect aquatic ecosystem health. Remote sensing technology has been used to monitor plant distribution on a large scale. However, the fine identification of aquatic plants is a great challenge due to large temporal-spatial changes in optical properties of water bodies and small spectral differences among plant species. Here, the identification method of each aquatic plant was developed by constructing the decision tree file of the C4.5 algorithm based on the canopy spectra of 8 plants in the Changguangxi Wetland water area measured with hyperspectral remote sensing technology, and then the method was finally used to monitor the distribution of different plants in Changguangxi Wetland water area and two other water areas. The results show that the spectral characteristics of plants is enhanced by calculating the spectral index of aquatic plants, thereby improving the comparability among different species. The total recognition accuracy of the constructed decision tree file for 8 types of plants is 85.02%, among which the recognition accuracy of Nymphaea tetragona, Pontederia cordata, and Nymphoides peltatum is the highest, and the recognition accuracy of Eichhornia crassipes is the lowest. The specific species and distribution of aquatic plants are consistent with the water quality in the water area. The results can provide a reference for the accurate identification of aquatic plants in the same type of water area.
Axonal Nerve Ring Localization of an Insulin-like Peptide Mrna in Stress-resistant C. Elegans Larvae
Authors: Chandra Rashmi , Husain Zahabiya , Alcedo Joy 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Insulin signaling has been implicated in many physiological processes, such as development, metabolism and stress survival, thereby ensuring an animal’s homeostasis. Thus, to enable the pathway to function with high precision, its ligands can undergo multiple levels of regulation—at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational levels. Interestingly, we now find that the endogenous mRNA transcripts of the C. elegans insulin-like peptide ins-6 also become localized to specific structures. ins-6 transcripts are present in the axonal nerve ring of the stress-resistant dauer larva. In contrast, non-dauer and post-dauer larvae have ins-6 transcripts that are localized to the somas of the ASI and ASJ sensory neurons and not to the nerve ring. The absence of other neuronal mRNAs in the dauer axonal nerve ring suggests specificity in this mRNA localization of ins-6, which has previously been shown to be important during the switch to and from dauer physiology.
Embryogenic abnormalities and genotoxicity induced by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid during indirect somatic embryogenesis in Coffea
Authors: Oliveira João Paulo Morais , Junior Alex Silva , Catrinck Mariana Neves , Clarindo Wellington Ronildo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Indirect somatic embryogenesis (ISE) is a morphogenetic pathway in which somatic cells form callus and, later, somatic embryos. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a synthetic auxins that promote the proliferation and dedifferentiation of somatic cells, inducing the ISE. However, 2,4-D can cause genetic, epigenetic, physiological and morphological disorders, preventing the regeneration and/or resulting abnormal somatic embryos. We aimed to evaluate the toxic 2,4-D effect during the Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora ISE, assessing the somatic embryo morphology, global 5-methylcytosine levels (5-mC%) and DNA damage. Leaf explants were inoculated in media with different 2,4-D concentrations. After 90 days, the friable calli were transferred to the regeneration medium, and the number of normal and abnormal somatic embryos was monthly counted. The increase of the 2,4-D concentration increased the number of responsive explants in C. arabica and C. canephora. At 9.06, 18.08 and 36.24 µM 2,4-D, C. arabica presented the highest values of responsive explants, differing from C. canephora. Normal and abnormal somatic embryos regeneration increased in relation to the time and 2,4-D concentration. Global 5-mC% varied at different stages of the ISE in both Coffea. Furthermore, the 2,4-D concentration positively correlated with global 5-mC%, and with the mean number of abnormal somatic embryos. All abnormal somatic embryos of C. arabica and C. canephora exhibited DNA damage and showed higher global 5-mC%. The allotetraploid C. arabica exhibited greater tolerance to the toxic effect of 2,4-D than the diploid C. canephora. We conclude that synthetic 2,4-D auxin promotes genotoxic and phytotoxic disorders and promotes epigenetic changes during Coffea ISE.
Successful management of chyluria using percutaneous thoracic duct stenting
Authors: Cuong Nguyen Ngoc , Linh Le Tuan , My Thieu Thi Tra , Long Hoang , Hoa Tran Quoc , Hoan Le , Inoue Masanori 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Chyluria is defined as the presence of chyle in the urine that is caused by chylous reflux through the communication between the lymphatic system and the urinary tract. Thoracic duct stenosis or obstruction is one of the causes of chyluria. Although the diagnosis of chyluria is not difficult, treatment is still challenging. Although there have been no standard guidelines for the treatment of chyluria, interventional techniques now offer minimally invasive treatment options for chyluria such as interstitial lymphatic embolization, ductoplasty with balloon, or thoracic duct stenting. There are only few case reports about thoracic duct stenting in the literature.
Case presentation:
Here, we report a case of chyluria due to obstruction of the junction between the thoracic duct and subclavian vein in a 64 -year- old female patient. The patient was treated with balloon plasty for lymphovenous junction obstruction and interstitial lymphatic embolization for chyluria. However, chyluria was recurrent and the patient was successful treated with thoracic duct stenting.
Conclusions
This report demonstrates the feasibility, effective of using thoracic duct stenting in the treatment chyuria due to lymphovenous junction obstruction.
Design of additively manufactured moulds for expanded polymers
Authors: Alessio Franco , Alessio Mattia , Savoldelli Pietro , Vedani Maurizio , Viganò Roberto 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The traditional tools used in steam-chest moulding technologies for the shaping expanded polymers can be replaced today by lighter moulds, accurately designed and produced exploiting the additive manufacturing technology. New paradigms have to be considered in the mould design, assuming that additive manufacturing enables the definition of different architectures that are able to improve the performance of the moulding process. This work describes the strategies adopted for the design and manufacturing by Laser powder bed fusion of the moulds, taking into specific consideration their functional surfaces, which rule the heat transfer to the moulded material, hence the quality of the products and the overall performance of the steam-chest process. The discussion about a case study and the comparison between the performance of the traditional solution and the new mould are also presented in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new approach.The study demonstrates that the re-design and optimization of the mould shape can lead to a significant reduction of the energy demand of the process, thanks to a homogeneous delivery of the heating steam throughout the part volume, which also results in a remarkable cutting of the cycle time.
Strong HONO Emissions from Fertilized Soil in the North China Plain 4 Driven by Nitrification and Water Evaporation
Authors: Xue Chaoyang , Ye Can , Liu Pengfei , Zhang Chenglong , Su Hang , Bao Fengxia , Cheng Yafang , Catoire Valéry , Ma Zhuobiao , Zhao Xiaoxi , Lu Keding , Liu Yuhan , McGillen Max , Mellouki Abdelwahid , Mu Yujing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Soil was proposed as an important nitrous acid (HONO) source but has not so far been demonstrated by field flux measurements and its atmospheric impacts are highly uncertain. Here we conducted field flux measurements and found that soil HONO emission flux (FHONO) could be enhanced by more than two orders of magnitude by the use of nitrogen fertilizers for agricultural fields in the North China Plain (NCP). FHONO showed distinct diurnal variations with noontime peaks up to hundreds of ng-N m-2 s-1. With soil samples where field measurements took place, our laboratory experiments subsequently found that the release of soil nitrification-originated nitrite as HONO was largely accelerated by soil surface water evaporation. This process was parameterized by a modified Arrhenius equation that reproduced field flux observations well. With the consideration of FHONO, the box model could well reproduce the observed ambient HONO and found that FHONO could significantly accelerate ozone (O3) production, highlighting the amplified role of nitrogen fertilizer use in exacerbating O3 pollution in the NCP. Moreover, we estimated yearly HONO emission of 0.25 Tg-N from global fertilizer use for agriculture, representing a considerable reactive nitrogen source and significantly affecting atmospheric oxidizing capacity and air quality on a global scale. Furthermore, we found that nitrification inhibitors could reduce HONO and nitric oxide emissions by ~90%, indicating their great potential to mitigate regional air pollution.