bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical Modeling
Authors: Inchausti Pablo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter presents statistical models as relations between the parameters of a probability distribution and explanatory variables. It discusses the historical origins of probability, stemming from the works of Fermat, Pascal, Bernoulli, and Laplace; contrasts the early dichotomy between aleatory (“objective”) and epistemic (“subjective”) probability; and gives a quick historical tour linking probability theory with statistics. It discusses the early Bayesian demise associated with the enshrining of the frequentist framework in the 1930s, and the recent Bayesian revival in the 1990s.
The General Linear Model II
Authors: Inchausti Pablo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter extends the general linear model for response variables with a normal distribution to categorical explanatory variables. It explains the t-test as a simple linear regression, and discusses single-factor analysis of variance as a multiple regression on a categorical explanatory variable. It illustrates the partitioning of variation in the analysis of variance and the F-test. It then provides a thorough discussion of the need for multiplicity corrections in the a posteriori testing of means in the frequentist and Bayesian frameworks. All statistical models are fitted in both the frequentist and Bayesian frameworks.
Experimental Design in the Life Sciences
Authors: Inchausti Pablo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the basic principles underlying experimental design: replication, randomization, and blocking. It differentiates experimental from survey designs, and discusses five of the most frequently used experimental designs in the life sciences: factorial, randomized blocks, repeated measures, crossover, split-plot, and nested designs. For each experimental design, it highlights the underlying assumptions, the application, and the structure of the data set. For each design, we show how to include the structure or restrictions in randomization imposed by experimental and survey designs as random (group-level) effects in mixed/hierarchical models.
Modern Irish and Scottish Literature
Authors: Barlow Richard Alan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Modern Irish and Scottish Literature: Connections, Contrasts, Celticisms examines the various ways Irish and Scottish literatures have influenced each other from the 1760s to the contemporary era. By studying work in a variety of genres from figures such as James Macpherson, Walter Scott, Sydney Owenson, Augusta Gregory, W.B. Yeats, Fiona Macleod/William Sharp, James Joyce, Samuel Beckett, Hugh MacDiarmid, Sorley MacLean, and Seamus Heaney in their respective political and cultural contexts, Modern Irish and Scottish Literature also provides a new account of the characteristics and phases of literary Celticism within Romanticism, the Celtic Revivals of Ireland and Scotland, Modernism, and beyond.
Heaney, the North, and Scotland
Authors: Barlow Richard Alan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapter 5 studies the importance of Scotland and Scottish culture in Seamus Heaney’s work, particularly Sweeney Astray: A Version from the Irish (1983). The chapter explores the ways Sweeney Astray emphasizes Scottish-Irish connections as part of a north-eastern focus in the text, in contrast to the attention paid to the west of Ireland in much modern Irish poetry. As this chapter discusses, this is part of an attempt by Heaney to create a work that could appeal to both communities in the north of Ireland during the Troubles. This chapter also categorizes Sweeney Astray as a kind of contemporary eco-Celticism, where the realities of nature and the ‘Celtic world’ are represented without Celtic Revival ‘Hibernian’ or ‘Kiltartan’ language. However, this chapter also argues that this text shares certain characteristics with the Revival era, and should be considered a work of ‘late Celticism’. Special attention is paid in this chapter to the relationship between Heaney’s text and his source, J.G. O’Keeffe’s 1903 translation of Buile Shuibhne.
Conclusion
Authors: Barlow Richard Alan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The conclusion of Modern Irish and Scottish Literature provides a summary of the main links between modern Irish and Scottish writing covered in the book, with sections on James Macpherson, Walter Scott, Sydney Owenson, W.B. Yeats, William Sharp/Fiona Macleod, Augusta Gregory, James Joyce, Samuel Beckett, Hugh MacDiarmid, and Seamus Heaney. The conclusion also explores the development of Celticism in its early and late phases and offers analysis on the different characteristics of the two phases. Finally, the conclusion discusses modern Irish and Scottish literatures within their different national political contexts.
Epilogue
Authors: Burke Mary M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Epilogue turns to the Gothic cultural afterlives of the new and uncontestably white Catholic-Irish power elite in the 1960s and beyond. Gothic incorporates new aristocracies as they arise, and this iteration, which includes the Jacqueline Bouvier-associated documentary Grey Gardens (1975), is termed ‘Kennedy Gothic’. Cultural and journalistic portrayals of the Kennedys encompass two distinct interpretations that generally break down along party lines. However, in both iterations the dynasty is enmeshed with the terror and violence with which Gothic has always been concerned. Liberals and Democrats held that Kennedy family members were themselves the innocent victims of sinister conspiracies, while for conservatives and Irish-American voters abandoning hereditary Democratic Party allegiance, ‘America’s royals’ personified the moral decay at the heart of power, an abiding theme of Gothic. This latter narrative was also entangled with conservative Irish America’s often-negative response to the Kennedy brothers’ Civil Rights agenda. In the age of Black Lives Matter, the Gothicizing of Biden as a Kennedy-era ‘revenant’ does not bode well for the pact that the earlier administration attempted to forge between progressive politics and Irish America.
Fair play in the 20th century and beyond
Authors: Duke-Evans Jonathan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
References to “fair play” reached their 20th-century peak in 1942 before a decline set in until the mid-1980s, followed by a levelling-off until the present day. Statements that fair play is an English or British trait continued to rise until about 1950. Fair play was hugely influential in British publicity during the First World War. But the note of scepticism or even ridicule becomes more insistent over the 20th century: many writers asserted that a particular situation belied the English or British reputation for fair play, but an increasing number questioned whether that reputation had ever been justified. The massive rise in media coverage of spectator sport came to dominate media references to fair play by the end of the century. By this time, too, “fair play” often meant little more than a vague expression of good will. At the start of the 21st century the debate on British identity heralded a new interest in the contemporary relevance of the idea of fair play, showing a remarkable official consensus that it was indeed a defining national characteristic. It was only in the later 20th century that researchers began systematically collecting information about personal standards of fair play. The available studies suggest that British people are hardly better than average when confronted with situations which require them to make decisions as to whether to act honestly. But in public life—particularly law and broadcasting, but also in professional sport—expectations rightly remain high.
Introduction
Authors: Robson Jon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This introduction provides some background concerning the nature and scope of the aesthetic testimony debate. It begins by discussing some general issues regarding testimony before focusing in on the controversy within aesthetics. It then surveys the history of pessimism concerning aesthetic testimony and differentiates the pessimist’s view from the oft-discussed claim that legitimate aesthetic judgements can’t be based on inferences from the non-aesthetic properties of a work. I finish by discussing some motivations for focusing on the debate concerning aesthetic testimony and by outlining the structure of this work.
A Promiscuous Generation
Authors: Friedlander Ari 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the imagined outcome of the supposed excessive sexuality of rogues, namely their unchecked reproduction. Reproduction plays a crucial role in the development of the discourses and practices of modern biopolitical governance, including the surveillance of labor in the budding welfare state and the first attempts at statistical demography. Rogue literature, chorographies, bestiaries, moralist writings, and sermons testify to rogues’ fecundity, while their ever-growing numbers become the source of their social threat. This threat shapes the role of labor in two developments central to the modern nation state: the poor laws and the emerging science of “political arithmetic.” Two very different kinds of texts prove illuminating here: an anonymously authored legal guide to the administration of the Elizabethan poor laws, An Ease for Overseers of the Poor (1601), and John Graunt’s Observations on the Bills of Mortality (1662), in which he invents statistical demography. These authors’ keen desire to manage early modern England’s laboring population suggests that repression of rogue sexual reproduction was a motivating factor in the early moments of modern biopolitical thought. As a consequence, it is argued, theories of biopolitics need to be reconfigured to take into account not just an earlier chronology, but also a different politics, one centered on the dynamic intersection of labor, class, and sexuality.
Rogue Sexuality’s Afterlives, or Milton’s Charitable Divorce and the Rise of Companionate Marriage
Authors: Friedlander Ari 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter ties the matter of biopolitics to that of socio-sexual identity, arguing for their dual centrality in mid-seventeenth-century debates over that which might initially seem most different from it, companionate marriage. The chapter contends that rogue sexuality offers a template for marriage organized around desire rather than socioeconomic advantage, bringing the often-overlooked category of lower social status into the histories of early modern marriage and sexuality. I then turn to John Milton’s divorce tracts (1643–5) and Paradise Lost (1667, 1674), arguing that Milton’s radical theory of divorce appropriates rogue marriage in arguing for the legitimacy of temporary marriage based on affinity, but does so in order to render marital sexuality the property of the socially elite. Moreover, I argue that Milton uses rogue sexuality to manipulate readerly desire during his celebration of marital sexuality in Paradise Lost. The chapter thus shows how the different elements of rogue sexuality—identity and appropriation; reproduction and biopolitics; fantasy and metarepresentation—collide to help shape companionate marriage, one of the early modern period’s most enduring legacies, and a central node of modern biopolitical governance.
On the Surface
Authors: Butler Shane 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An extensive introduction explains the book’s debt to a wide range of thinkers and theorists, including Roland Barthes, Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari, Bruno Latour, Eve Kosovsky Sedgwick, Louise Fradenburg, Carla Freccero, Carolyn Dinshaw, Lee Edelman, Jonathan Goldberg, Madhavi Menon, Jack Halberstam, Sara Ahmed, Valerie Traub, and Jane Bennett. In particular, it sets forth the book’s relationship to such theoretical rubrics as the assemblage and rhizome, actor-network theory, queer unhistoricism, and queer phenomenology. To this end, it briefly compares Symonds to writers such as Walt Whitman and Henry James. Above all, it explains the central importance of touch to the book’s approach and culminates in a list of ways in which the book will be “on” the surface.
Dante’s Mask
Authors: Butler Shane 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An early adopter of photographic technology, Symonds included an albumen print of a plaster cast of Dante’s purported death-mask as the frontispiece to his first published book, An Introduction to the Study of Dante (1872). This strange image provides an entrance into Symonds’s reading of The Divine Comedy as a complex allegory of surface and depth. Also considered are Symonds’s relationship to his father, the early reception of photography as a medium that was both tactile and visual, Symonds’s own collection of and posing for photographs, mystical and conspiratorial readings of Dante in the nineteenth century, utopian strands in Symonds’s poetry and travel writings, and his thoughts about the tuberculosis that periodically debilitated him.
Homer’s Deep
Authors: Butler Shane 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As a young scholar and writer still living in his birthplace of Bristol, Symonds looked back to ancient Greece in order to look forward to the liberation of “unspeakable” love. It is shown that the key to this act of imagination lay less in what Symonds came to know about the past than in what his sources resolutely failed to clarify. Homosexuality, in Symonds’s complex formulation, emerges as an idea neither entirely old nor entirely new but, rather, as one networked across time. This chapter considers the early lectures Symonds was hired to give to boys in their final year at Clifton College, which later saw publication in journals and, eventually, in two volumes of collected Studies of the Greek Poets. It also explores Symonds’s reconstruction of ancient pederasty in A Problem in Greek Ethics, drafted at the same time and later privately printed and circulated.
Symonds’s Renaissance
Authors: Butler Shane 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Symonds’s work on the “Renaissance,” still a relatively new term in his day, began with a prize-winning essay when he was a student at Oxford but blossomed in his monumental Renaissance in Italy, the seven volumes of which first appeared between 1875 and 1886. Among the work’s influences were Symonds’s extensive reading of the works of Hegel and his interaction with contemporary neo-Hegelians at Oxford and elsewhere. This chapter offers a fresh look at the work and especially at the Hegelian shape of its art criticism, already the object of close attention in an important study by Whitney Davis. Where Davis posits a search by Symonds for a Kantian community of shared taste (in this case for homoerotic art), this chapter finds a stronger motivation in more general questions of sensuous experience and artistic matter. Consideration of Symonds’s celebration of the Apoxyomenos suggests distinctly queer stakes for both touch and aesthetic “tact.”
Sex Scenes
Authors: Butler Shane 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
London, where Symonds lived during his soon abandoned legal career and to which he often had occasion to return, provided ample opportunities for sexual encounters. Four such episodes, recounted in the Memoirs, help us to map the topographies, both real and fantastical, across which Symonds pursued his desires; they also provide crucial evidence of the Victorian city’s sexual underground. It has become common to read these somewhat artful accounts, which often do not progress beyond preliminaries, as a reluctance by Symonds either to act at the time or to admit having done so in retrospect. But a closer look reveals instead a richly promiscuous understanding of what queer contact is and does.
Misanthropy for a Polite Age?
Authors: Harris Joseph 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter turns to the period’s second canonical misanthrope, Alceste in Molière’s 1666 comedy Le Misanthrope. Unlike Timon, who leaves Athens almost immediately upon turning misanthropic, Alceste stubbornly remains for the duration of the play within a society whose flattery and insincerity he claims to loathe. He attempts to play the role of the uncompromisingly frank ‘plain dealer’, even welcoming his reputation as a figure of public mockery as proof he is right. By stressing Alceste’s hypocritical dependence for his self-image on the wider society he scorns, Molière turns his misanthropy into a source of comedy, while simultaneously undermining the foundations of his audience’s own laughter. This chapter explores Alceste’s complex reliance on other people as his implied audience, as well as the various social forces underpinning his unexpected love for society’s darling Célimène.
Risible Animals
Authors: Harris Joseph 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Resisting the stereotype of the misanthrope as resistant to laughter, this chapter moves from hatred of humanity to witty mockery and scathing satire, focusing on five texts from the 1660s to the 1730s that all take ‘mankind’ as their satirical targets. As becomes clear, works that satirize the follies of human nature or the human condition invariably make unfavourable comparisons between humans and animals, suggesting either that humans are no better than beasts or indeed that they are far worse. In the satires of Boileau, Rochester, and Gottsched, as in Regnard’s comedy Démocrite and Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels, such prized human qualities as reason and free will are exposed as the very source of our inferiority to those unthinking beasts that instinctively follow their natures.
Alceste’s Afterlives
Authors: Harris Joseph 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
From the start, Molière’s Le Misanthrope proved an intriguing and morally ambivalent play, and many writers were drawn to engage intertextually with it, producing various sequels, adaptations, and critical analyses. This chapter examines how these later re-engagements with Molière’s play developed the figure of Alceste in different ways, over time either purging him of his misanthropy altogether or changing it beyond recognition. In Wycherley’s and Voltaire’s early theatrical adaptations, it is the Célimène figure who increasingly takes over much of the burden of misanthropy and social critique. The sequels of Marmontel and Demoustier, conversely, trace the ‘correction’ of Alceste’s misanthropy and his reconciliation to society. A third tradition, starting with Rousseau, progressively recasts Alceste as a figure of stalwart virtue against the quasi-misanthropical cynicism and self-interest of society at large, as reflected in Molière’s Philinte and his counterparts.
Philanthropic Misanthropy
Authors: Harris Joseph 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores certain Enlightenment attempts to revalorize misanthropy as something positive—perhaps not a virtue in itself, but rather a distortion or misrecognition of an essentially virtuous impulse. The moral ambivalence of misanthropy, and indeed of the supposed slur ‘misanthrope’, is borne out by two eighteenth-century attempts to rehabilitate the reputations of two key figures who are often dubbed misanthropic. Attempting to exculpate Jonathan Swift from accusations of misanthropy, Percival Stockdale strategically rewrites misanthropy as a stance of benign indulgence towards human weakness. Conversely, Jean-Jacques Rousseau stoutly rejects the label of himself, presenting his misanthropic reputation as a slanderous misrecognition of his true philanthropic nature. Finally, this chapters explores how the emergent idea of the misanthrope as a disillusioned idealist is dramatized in Schiller’s unfinished play Der Menschenfeind.
The Longing for Devotion
Authors: Katsafanas Paul 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Reading philosophical and psychological literature on human motivation, we are confronted with long lists of things that people want. We want happiness and freedom from pain; acceptance by groups; a sense of achievement; perhaps self-determination or self-actualization; perhaps a sense of power. But there is something that often goes unmentioned in these lists: we seek a form of devotion. The longing for devotion plays a crucial and underappreciated role in ethical, social, and political life. Devotion is a form of commitment that is impervious to ordinary forms of rational argumentation, that resists tradeoffs and compromises, and that tends to be associated with what empirical psychologists call sacred values. Drawing on real-life examples, empirical psychology, and philosophical reflection, this chapter examines the way in which devotion and sacred values play a pervasive—but often hidden—role in human life. In addition, this introductory chapter provides a brief summary of the book’s contents.
Nihilism and the Abundance of Values
Authors: Katsafanas Paul 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter argues that reasonable agents can always find good grounds for questioning their basic normative commitments. This can lead to problems—problems that sacred values serve to address. In particular, there is a sense in which we are unable to justify weightings or lexical orderings of competing basic normative claims. Reaching an all-things-considered judgment about what ought to be done typically requires assigning relative weights to competing claims; and yet, according to a view called Normative Weighting Skepticism, we lack sufficient justification for assigning these relative weights and thus are unable to reach all-things-considered ought judgments. Although Normative Weighting Skepticism rests on certain assumptions about moral uncertainty, it is a reasonable philosophical position. Agents who accept Normative Weighting Skepticism experience a motivational problem called Normative Dissipation: they find that normative entities (reasons, values, or principles) formerly treated as overriding cease to function as overriding. Having sacred values is one way—perhaps the only way—of insulating one’s values from these effects and thereby preventing normative dissipation.
Picturesque Sensibility in William Cullen Bryant’s American Tropics
Authors: Boyden Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChapter 4 reflects on the conflicting valences of the picturesque aesthetic in William Cullen Bryant’s “A Story of the Island of Cuba” (1828). Bryant’s story uses the conventions of this aesthetic framework to interrogate American and European interests in the archipelago. It does so by mildly satirizing the knowledge claims of the emergent field of descriptive geography (particularly the work of Conrad Malte-Brun), which integrated detailed landscape descriptions into the practice of geographical inquiry even while devaluing eyewitness accounts. This trend toward a more academic and literary discourse in contemporary geography aligns with the dematerialization of climate during this period. “A Story of the Island of Cuba” reflects on this development by dramatizing conflicting valuations of scientific curiosity, as both a driver behind amiable science and an emblem of illicit knowledge, in relation to Indigenous and enslaved populations in the Caribbean.