bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide analysis of terpene synthase gene family in Rosa chinensis
Authors: Kong Ying , Wang Huan , Lang Lixin , Dou Xiaoying , Bai Jinrong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Terpenoids are economically and ecologically important compounds and vital constituents of rose flower fragrance and rose essential oil. Terpene synthase (TPS) is a primary enzyme for terpenoid biosynthesis. However, only a few TPS genes have been characterized in rose, owing to the lack of a systematic TPS gene analysis. Additionally, the key gene RcNUDX1 was analyzed because of the presence of unique geraniol pathways in rose.
Results
The present study identified 74 putative RcTPS genes through a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis; of these genes, 49 genes were predicted to encode functional TPS enzymes. The TPS-a subfamily had the largest members, and tandem duplication was the main mechanism for driving TPS gene family expansion. The collinearity analysis with the genome of other Rosaceae plants and grape indicated that four RcTPS genes may be derived from the dicotyledonous plant ancestors. During the flower opening process of butterfly rose (Rosa chinensis ‘Mutabilis’, MU), RcTPS genes exhibited two main expression trends, namely high and low, in old and fresh petals. Similarly, dark treatment decreased the expression of four RcTPSs and increased the expression of three RcTPSs in the MU petals. Most of the monoterpenes were released more from old MU petals than from fresh MU petals, which may be related to RcLIN-NERS3 and RcNUDX1-1a4 genes. Analysis of volatile emission, gene expression, sequence structure, and collinearity indicated that RcTPS18 may encode (E,E)-α-farnesene synthase. The three genes whose expression levels increased at the late stage and after dark treatment exhibited similar expression patterns with some senescence marker genes, which indicated that these genes might be involved in petal senescence or cell death.
Conclusions
The present study revealed the differential RcTPS gene expression patterns in rose petals. These findings may be useful for elucidating the molecular mechanism of terpenoid metabolism in rose and are vital for future studies on terpene regulation.
Role of Metal(II) Hexacyanocobaltate(III) Surface Chemistry for Prebiotic Peptides Synthesis
Authors: Kumar Anand , Saroha Babita , Bahadur Indra , Negi Devendra Singh , Vats Monika 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Double metal cyanide (DMC), a heterogeneous catalyst, is a key factor for polymerization of amino acids. Based on the hypothesis, the present study is designed to evaluate favorable environmental conditions for the chemical evolution and origin of life such as effects of temperature and time for the oligomerization of glycine and alanine on Metal(II) Hexacyanocobaltate(III), MHCCo. It has been shown that MHCCo is porous and because of high surface area it has outstanding catalytic properties. Our results revealed that the Manganese(II) Hexacyanocobaltate(III) (MnHCCo), Iron(II) Hexacyanocobaltate(III) (FeHCCo), Nickel(II) Hexacyanocobaltate(III) (NiHCCo) complexes condense the glycine up to trimer and alanine up to dimer while ZnHCCo showed most valuable catalytic properties that changes glycine into tetramer and alanine into dimer with the high yield. High-Performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Electron Spray Ionizations-Mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) techniques were used to confirm the oligomer products of glycine and alanine formed on MHCCo complexes. The results also exposed the catalytic role of MHCCo for the oligomerization of biomolecules thus supports the chemical evolution.
Study of natural regeneration of Sogdian ash (Fraxinus sogdiana Bunge) and silvicultural measures to promote it in the Sharyn river floodplain of Almaty region
Authors: Shynybekov Murat K. , Abayeva Kurmankul T. , Rakymbekov Zhandos K. , Serikbayeva Andiya T. , Toktasinova Faruza A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The forests of Kazakhstan, and in particular the ash riparian forests of the Charyn National Nature Park, as part of the unique natural complexes of Almaty region, have special ecological, historical, scientific, aesthetic and recreational value. Moreover, the fraxinus sogdiana trees in the Charyn Ash Dacha are relict and specially protected. Against the background of increasing anthropogenic impact, general aridisation of ecosystems and xerophytisation of vegetation cover, preservation and restoration of these stands of trees is becoming a problem not only for the region, but also for the whole country. All this forms the relevance of the study. The purpose of the study was to investigate the regularities and characteristics of natural regeneration of fraxinus sogdiana on the banks of the Charyn River in the territory of the Charyn National Nature Park, to identify and analyse the main factors that can improve the rates of natural regeneration of riparian forest in Kazakhstan in the future. The theoretical basis of the study lies in the analysis of scientific works and highly specialised materials by domestic and foreign authors in the field of forestry, ecology and nature conservation on the subject of this study. The methodological approach to fulfilling the tasks set was based on general scientific Methods, in particular observation, measurement, evaluation, a systematic comparative analysis of the material obtained, as well as computational mathematical methods. Qualitative representative material of the expanded field experiment enabled to calculate the level of natural regeneration of fraxinus sogdiana on the control plots of the study area. The control of seed yield by sight method, as well as by using O.G. Kapper's scale allowed to estimate the volume and quality of seed material in 2019–2020, as well as to make a hypothesis on the expected yield for the year 2021. In the course of the work an assessment of natural regeneration of fraxinus sogdiana on the bank of the Charyn River (the number of germinating seedlings) at the rate of 1 thousand pieces per 1 ha with division of the territory into zones (No. 1 - No. 6) depending on forest level was carried out. The comparative analysis revealed that the natural regeneration of monitoring sites No. 1 and No. 4 can be assessed as "good", while the natural regeneration of monitoring sites No. 2 and No. 5 can be assessed as "satisfactory" and the natural regeneration of monitoring sites No. 3 and No. 6 - as "poor". In addition to the practical field work, an in-depth analysis of worldwide scientific publications on the topic under study was conducted to formulate possible solutions to the problem.
Assessment of Wind Energy Resource Potential for Future Human Missions to Mars
Authors: Hartwick Victoria , Toon Owen , Lundquist Julie , Pierpaoli Olivia , Kahre Melinda 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Future crewed missions to Mars will require sustained sources of energy, including solar, nuclear and wind energy. Using a state-of-the-art Mars general circulation model, we analyze the Martian wind potential and calculate its spatial and temporal variability. Here we show that wind speeds at several proposed landing sites are sufficiently fast to provide an alternative energy source, which could be particularly important at night, at middle to polar latitudes and during dust storms. Several regions show promising wind energy resource potential. These findings demonstrate that wind energy represents a valuable energy resource that compensates for diurnal and seasonal reductions in solar power and offers an opportunity for wind turbine technological advancement and engineering creativity with the aim of extracting more power from Mars winds.
TD-DFT Investigation on Anion Recognition Mechanism of Anthraldehyde based Fluorescent Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives
Authors: Basheer Sabeel M , Gandhaveeti Rohini 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The mechanism of host-guest interaction of receptors towards fluoride ion has been investigated using computational methods. To distinguish the effect of aromaticity in host-guest interaction, we investigated unsubstituted (ATSC) and phenyl substituted (APTSC) anthracene thiosemicarbazones towards different ions. In the ground state of receptor-fluoride complex, the added fluoride ion made hydrogen bond through N−H … F … H−N. Whereas, the intramolecular hydrogen bonding was through F−H … N in the excited state of receptor-fluoride complex. Experimental absorption and emission spectra were well reproduced by the calculated vertical excitation energies. The transition state (TS) calculations were performed to understand the thermodynamic features and mechanism of host-guest interaction. The natural bond orbital analyses show the second perturbation energy for donor-acceptor interaction of F - with hydrogen is more than 300 kcal/mol at the excited state of receptor-fluoride complex, which indicates the strong single bond between fluoride and hydrogen atom. The PES scan confirms that deprotonation took place at the excited state of receptor-fluoride complex. The results indicate that the excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) process from N–H group nearby the anthracene moiety. The APTSC is better chemosensor than ATSC. This infer that the aromaticity will increase the efficiency of fluorescence receptor towards fluoride ion.
Clinicopathological significance and impact on the outcomes of IGF-1R and Livin in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Zhenling , Zhang Yuxin , lao Si , Qiu Jian , Pan Ziang , Feng Xiaoying 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. However, limited effective biomarkers are associated with the tumorigenesis and prognosis of CRC. Methods: The present study identified potential signatures from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and further validated the identified biomarkers in CRC tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: The expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and Livin gene was significantly upregulated in CRC samples compared to the adjacent normal samples in TCGA dataset. IHC indicated that IGF-1R and Livin protein levels are increased in CRC and adenoma tissues compared to normal tissues. Notably, the IGF-1R protein levels differed significantly between adenoma and CRC. The elevated IGF-1R and Livin expressions were associated with CRC clinicopathological features, including age, gender, histological subtype, individual cancer stages, nodal metastasis, and TP53-mutant in TCGA. Additionally, IGF-1R promoter methylation level was closely related to CRC. Consistent with the TCGA study, IHC indicated that overexpressed IGF-1R and Livin proteins were independent risk factors for stage and metastasis. A marked correlation was established between IGF-1R and Livin expression in CRC, while the survival map showed no significant correlation with CRC. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that CRC patients with high IGF-1R or Livin expression had longer overall survival and disease-free survival than those with low expression in TCGA. Conclusion: IGF-1R and Livin are associated with CRC tumorigenesis and might be valuable for novel biomarker identification and targeted therapeutic strategy development.
Strength and variability of the Oligocene Southern Ocean surface temperature gradient
Authors: Hoem Frida , Sauermilch Isabel , Aleksinski Adam , Huber Matthew , Peterse Francien , Sangiorgi Francesca , Bijl Peter 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Large Oligocene Antarctic ice sheets co-existed with warm adjacent ocean waters. To provide a broad Southern Ocean perspective to such warmth, we reconstruct the strength and variability of the Oligocene Australian-Antarctic latitudinal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient. Our Oligocene TEX86-based SST record from offshore southern Australia shows temperate (20–29°C) conditions throughout, despite northward tectonic drift. A persistent SST gradient (~5–10°C) exists between Australia and Antarctica, which becomes larger during glacial maxima. The SST gradient increases from ~26 Ma onwards, due to decreasing Antarctic-proximal SSTs. Meanwhile, benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotope decline indicates ice loss/deep-sea warming. These contrasting patterns are difficult to explain by greenhouse gas forcing alone. Timing of the SST cooling coincides with deepening of Drake Passage and fits well with results of ocean model experiments, suggesting Antarctic-proximal cooling. We conclude that Drake Passage deepening cooled Antarctic coastlines which enhanced thermal isolation of the Antarctic ice sheet.
Does High Gonial Angle Increase the Risk of Mandibular Angle Fracture? A Digital Orthopantomographic Study
Authors: Mahmood Alah 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Fracture of mandibular angle comprises up to one third of mandibular fractures. Many local anatomical factors may increase the risk of such fractures. This study was conducted to investigate the risk of angle fractures with gonial angle measurements.Patients and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on digital panoramic radiographs of 120 patients with isolated mandibular fractures. The patients were categorized into mandibular angle and other nonangle fracture groups. The gonial angle, antegoneal angle, ramus height was measured using Image J software. Results: Out of 120 isolated mandibular fractures, 40 (33.33%) are angle fractures and 80 (66 .67%) are other nonangle isolated fractures. Seventy- five percent of angle fractures and 85% of non-angle fractures occurred in males. The average age of angle fracture patients was 28.34±5.2 years and 27.37 ±4.9 years for the non-angle fractures with no significant difference (p=0.31). The gonial angle of the angle fractures was 127.60 º ±4.93 º which is 6 degrees greater than the non-angle fractures. The antegonial angle of the angle fractures was 160.67±5.38º which is 5.2 º less than the non-angle fractures. The ramus height in the angle fractures was 18.97±3.7 mm which is 2.5 mm shorter than the nonangle fractures. The difference in these three measurements was highly significant (p<0.0001). About 45% of angle fractures and 19% of non-angle fractures occurred in the high gonial angle.Conclusion: The presence of high mandibular angle doubles the risk of mandibular angle fracture.
Honokiol, a SIRT3 activator, activates hippocampus mitochondrial MnSOD by deacetylating the enzyme and upregulating FoxO3a-PGC1α axis in a rat model of ammonia neurotoxicity
Authors: Anamika Anamika , Trigun Surendra Kumar Kumar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We have recently reported that honokiol (HKL), by activating mitochondrial SIRT3, restored ROS led deranged mitochondrial integrity associated with the pathogenesis of ammonia neurotoxicity induced moderate grade hepatic encephalopathy (MoHE). To delineate mechanism by which HKL does so, the present study describes activity vs acetylation level of the mitochondrial MnSOD and its expression vs levels of its main transcription regulators; FOXO3a, PGC1α, in the hippocampus of the MoHE rat model of ammonia neurotoxicity, developed by administration of 100 mg/kg bw of thioacetamide i.p. for 10 days, and in the MoHE rats treated with HKL (10 mg/Kg b.w.) for 7 days. As compared to the control, the hippocampus mitochondria from MoHE rats showed a significantly declined activity of MnSOD coinciding with the increased level of its acetylated form which however, could be restored back due the HKL treatment. Also, a significantly reduced expression of MnSOD in the hippocampus of those MoHE rats coincided with a similar decline in transcript level of FOXO3a and PGC1α. This was consistent with the reduced immunoreactivity of FOXO3a and PGC1α in the hippocampus DG, CA1 and CA3 regions of the MoHE rats. However, all these factors were observed to be restored back to their normal levels in the hippocampus of the MoHE rats treated with HKL. As HKL activates mitochondrial SIRT3, these findings suggest involvement of Sirt3 activation led deacetylation of MnSOD and upregulation of its transcription activators; FOXO3a and PGC1α in activating mitochondrial MnSOD in the hippocampus of the MoHE rat model of ammonia neurotoxicity.
Comprehensively analysis exploring the role of kinesin family members in glioma
Authors: Pan Dongxiao , Fang Xixi , Li Jiping 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Extensive research indicates that kinesin superfamily (KIFs) regulates tumor progression. Nonetheless, there is little share of literature focused on the potential prognostic and therapeutic role of KIFs in glioma.
Methods
Four independent cohorts were generated into a large combination cohort. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database served as the training cohort and data from Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database served as the validation cohort. The R software were used for statistical analysisa, FigureYa and the online tool of Xiantao were used for mapping.
Results
The signature consist of five KIFs (KIF4A, KIF26A, KIF1A, KIF13A and KIF13B) was successfully identified and showed good performance in prognosis prediction with AUC values corresponding for 1-, 3‐, and 5-years were 0.66, 0.78 and 0.75 in training cohort, and 0.77, 0.82 and 0.83 in validation cohort. We then explored the genomic features differences including immune features and tumor mutation status between high and low risk groups, from which we found that patients in high risk group had a higher level of immune checkpoint modules and IDH1 was identified mutated more frequently in low risk group. Results of GSEA analysis showed that E2F target, mitotic spindle, EMT, G2M checkpoint and TNFa signaling were significantly activated in high risk patients, partially explaining the differential prognosis between two groups. Besides, we also verified the five signature genes in the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database, which identified of candidates for relevant biomarkers.
Conclusion
The KIFs based signature is a reliable biomarker for the prediction the prognosis of glioma. Glioma patients between two risk groups showed significant discrepancy in immune features, tumor mutation status and prognosis chcracteristics.
Bottom-up approach for flood risk management in developing countries: a case study in the Gianh River watershed of Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Huu Duy , Nguyen Thi Ha thanh , Nguyen Quoc Huy , Dang Dinh Kha , Nguyen Y Nhu , Bui Thu Huong , Nguyen Ngoc Diep , Bui Quang Thanh , Bretcan Petre , Petrisor Alexandru-Ionut 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Flood effects are very serious, especially in developing countries where they are at high risk due to urbanization and socio-economic development. Reliable information is crucial to support decision-makers or planners to develop appropriate strategies to reduce flood risk. This article aims to develop a theoretical framework for assessing flood risk and adaptive capacity based on a bottom-up approach, in the Gianh River watershed of Vietnam, considered a very important task for flood risk management. Flood risk was computed by combining hazard, exposure, and vulnerability using hydrodynamic modeling and the Analytic Hierarchy Process method. The adaptive capacity of the population was assessed via interviews with 298 inhabitants. The results show that flood risk is high in areas with high population and construction density. Both the ability to access resources and communities' perceptions are important factors in improving the capacity to adapt. This study can provide an important theoretical framework complementing the existing literature and supporting studies related to flood risk management in the context of climate change and urbanization in other regions. Besides, the study fills in a gap in the knowledge of negative flood effects, providing important inputs for decision-makers to develop appropriate strategies for reducing damage in Vietnam and other countries in the world. From a methodological start point, this study underlines the importance of using hydraulic models and socio-economic surveys in flood risk management.
A simple proteinuria-based risk score predicts contrast-associated acute kidney injury after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Fujiwara Wakaya , Ishii Hideki , Sobue Yoshihiro , Shimizu Shinya , Ishiguro Tomoya , Yamada Ryo , Ueda Sayano , Nishimura Hideto , Niwa Yudai , Miyazaki Akane , Miyagi Wataru , Takahara Shuhei , Naruse Hiroyuki , Ishii Junichi , Kiyono Ken , Watanabe Eiichi , Izawa Hideo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) is a complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Because proteinuria is a sentinel marker of renal dysfunction, we assessed its role in predicting CA-AKI in patients undergoing PCI. A total of 1,254 patients undergoing PCI were randomly assigned to a derivation (n = 840) and validation (n = 414) dataset. We identified the independent predictors of CA-AKI where CA-AKI was defined by the new criteria issued in 2020, by a multivariate logistic regression in the derivation dataset. We created a risk score from the remaining predictors. The discrimination and calibration of the risk score in the validation dataset were assessed by the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUC) and Hosmer-Lemeshow test, respectively. A total of 64 (5.1%) patients developed CA-AKI. The 3 variables of the risk score were emergency procedures, serum creatinine, and proteinuria, which were assigned 1 point each based on the correlation coefficient. The risk score demonstrated a good discriminative power (AUC 0.789, 95% CI 0.766–0.912) and significant calibration. It was strongly associated with the onset of CA-AKI (Cochran-Armitage test, p < 0.0001). Our risk score that included proteinuria is simple to obtain and calculate, and may be useful in assessing the CA-AKI risk before PCI.
Efficacy and toxicity of combined inhibition of EGFR and VEGF in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer harboring activating EGFR mutations: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Deluce Jasna , Maj David , Breadner Daniel , Boldt Gabriel , Raphael Jacques 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives: Dual inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways have demonstrated promising results for treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and toxicity of the combined treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and VEGF blockade for patients with advanced NSCLC harboring activating EGFR mutations, in comparison to EGFR TKIs alone.Methods: The electronic databases PubMed (Medline), Cochrane Library and EMBASE, were searched for relevant randomized trials between 2000 and 2020. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and grade ≥ 3 adverse events (AEs). Pooled hazard ratios (HR) for OS and PFS, and odds ratios (OR) for ORR, DCR and toxicity were meta-analyzed using the generic inverse variance and the Mantel-Haenszel methods. Subgroup analyses compared PFS by gender, age, smoking status, EGFR mutation, intra-cranial disease and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status.Results: A total of 1,246 patients from 6 trials were evaluated for analyses. The combination treatment decreased the risk of disease progression by 38% (HR=0.62; 95%CI=0.53-0.72) but had no added benefit on OS compared to EGFR inhibition alone (HR=0.93; 95%CI=0.74-1.17). There was no significant difference in ORR or DCR between treatments. There was a significantly increased number of AEs reported in the dual treatment arm (OR=4.41; 95%CI=2.33-8.37), with proteinuria and hypertension being the most significantly increased AEs. The PFS benefit was consistent across all subgroups. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests combined inhibition of EGFR and VEGF pathways significantly improves PFS, with no interim OS benefit, and increases AEs. Mature OS data are needed along with results from trials exploring this strategy with 3rd generation EGFR-TKIs to strengthen these results.