bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Airborne environmental DNA metabarcoding for the monitoring of terrestrial insects—A proof of concept from the field
Authors: Roger Fabian , Ghanavi Hamid R. , Danielsson Natalie , Wahlberg Niklas , Löndahl Jakob , Pettersson Lars B. , Andersson Georg K. S. , Boke Olén Niklas , Clough Yann 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBiodiversity is in decline due to human‐induced pressures on ecosystems around the world. To be able to counteract this alarming trend, it is paramount to closely monitor biodiversity at global scales. Because this is practically impossible with traditional methods, the last decade has seen a strong push for new solutions. In aquatic ecosystems, the monitoring of species from environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as one of the most powerful tools at our disposal, but in terrestrial ecosystems, the power of eDNA for monitoring has so far been hampered by the local scale of the samples. In this study, we report the successful detection of insects from airborne eDNA from samples taken in the field. We compare our results to two traditional insect monitoring methods (1) light traps for moth monitoring and (2) transect walks for the monitoring of butterflies and wild bees. Airborne eDNA metabarcoding revealed DNA from six classes of arthropods, and twelve order of insects—including representatives from the four largest orders: Diptera (flies), Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Coleoptera (beetles), and Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, and ants). We did not detect all species observed using traditional methods and suggest further directions for the development of airborne eDNA metabarcoding. We also recovered DNA from nine species of vertebrates, including frogs, birds, and mammals as well as from 12 other phyla. Airborne eDNA has the potential to become a powerful tool for terrestrial biodiversity monitoring, with many impactful applications including the monitoring of pests, invasive, or endangered species and disease vectors.
Defining changes in physical limitation from the patient perspective: insights from the VITALITY‐HFpEF randomized trial
Authors: Butler Javed , Spertus John A. , Bamber Luke , Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Roessig Lothar , Vlajnic Vanja , Norquist Josephine M. , Anstrom Kevin J. , Blaustein Robert O. , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Armstrong Paul W. ,   VITALITY‐HFpEF Study Group
Published: March 2022

AimsClinically important thresholds in patient‐reported outcomes measures like the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) have not been defined for patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The aim of this study was to estimate meaningful thresholds for improvement or worsening in the KCCQ physical limitation score (PLS) in patients with HFpEF.Methods and resultsIn this pre‐specified analysis from VITALITY‐HFpEF, anchor‐ and distribution‐based approaches were used to estimate thresholds for improvement or worsening in the KCCQ‐PLS using Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) as an anchor. The KCCQ‐PLS contains six elements, with each increment in response resulting in a change of 4.17 points when converted to a 0–100 scale. The mean change in KCCQ‐PLS from baseline to week 12 was calculated for each PGIC group to estimate a meaningful within‐patient change. Of 789 patients enrolled, 698 had complete KCCQ‐PLS and PGIC data at week 12. The mean (± standard deviation) changes in KCCQ‐PLS corresponding to PGIC changes of ‘a little better’, ‘better’, and ‘much better’ were 5.7 ± 18.6, 11.6 ± 19.3, and 18.4 ± 25.3 points, respectively. The scores of patients who responded ‘a little better’ (n = 177) overlapped substantially with those who reported ‘no change’ (n = 193; mean change 2.8 ± 18.9). The mean change in KCCQ‐PLS for patients responding ‘a little worse’ (n = 32) was −2.6 ± 18.0 points. The threshold for meaningful within‐patient change in KCCQ‐PLS based on distribution‐based analyses was 12.3 points. Using area under the curve (AUC) analyses of KCCQ‐PLS, the sensitivity and specificity of a 4.17‐point change were 0.61 and 0.57, for an 8.33‐point change they were 0.49 and 0.64, and for a 12.5‐point change they were 0.44 and 0.72 for being at least a little better on the PGIC (AUC = 0.54).ConclusionIn the VITALITY‐HFpEF trial, a change in KCCQ‐PLS of ≥8.33 points (corresponding to an improvement in ≥2 response categories of KCCQ‐PLS) may represent the minimal clinically important difference for improvement and a change of ≤ −4.17 points (corresponding to a worsening in ≥1 response category of KCCQ‐PLS) may suggest deterioration in patients with HFpEF.
A single‐blind, randomized, pilot study of a brief mindfulness‐based intervention for the endometriosis‐related pain management
Authors: Moreira Marcelo de França , Gamboa Olga Lucia , Pinho Oliveira Marco Aurelio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundWomen with endometriosis suffer from frequent symptoms despite multiple treatments in tertiary care. Although there is a need for a biopsychosocial perspective on endometriosis treatment, few conservative treatments have been investigated. We aimed to investigate the effects of a brief Mindfulness‐Based Intervention (bMBI) in women with deep endometriosis who remain symptomatic despite undergoing conventional medical treatment.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was performed with two groups: a standard medical treatment plus bMBI program and only standard medical treatment as a control. A total of 63 eligible participants were randomized to bMBI and control groups. The primary outcome was endometriosis‐related pain, and secondary outcomes were quality of life and stress perception post‐treatment. Analyses were carried out using multiple regression models.ResultsThe results show that bMBI significantly improved pain unpleasantness (Cohen's f2 = 0.67, NNT = 3.2), pelvic pain (Cohen's f2 = 0.16, NNT = 5.3) and dyschezia (Cohen's f2 = 0.23, NNT = 2.9) immediately post‐treatment and decreased all endometriosis‐related pain (Cohen's f2 ranging from 0.20 to 0.60 and NNT ranging from 5 to −9) after the follow‐up. We found an extensive positive effect of bMBI on the mental health dimension in the two time point measures (Cohen's f2 = 0.34 and 0.25, NNT = 3.5 and 2.3) and vitality (Cohen's f2 = 0.22, NNT = 2.1) after the follow‐up.ConclusionsOur study suggests that bMBI is useful for managing endometriosis‐related pain and restoring women's psychological well‐being.SignificanceBrief Mindfulness‐Based Intervention (bMBI) improved endometriosis‐related pain and mental health compared to standard medical care. The present findings contribute to the applicability of MBI in visceral pain patients.
Too great to be guilty? Individuals high in collective narcissism demand closure regarding the past to attenuate collective guilt
Authors: Kazarovytska Fiona , Imhoff Roland 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhile the Holocaust is widely regarded by Germans as one of the worst human atrocities, they differ in their readiness to express collective guilt or, in contrast, in their demand to close this chapter of history. We propose that such a demand for historical closure (HC) is particularly pronounced among individuals high in collective narcissism, and is systematically related to reduced collective guilt. Across three studies (N = 1,383), collective narcissism was significantly related to demand for HC, even when controlling for national identification and national pride. Moreover, collective narcissism was associated with reduced guilt only via demand for HC, but not via the defensive strategies of moral delegitimization of the victims or demand for recognition of the perpetrator group's suffering. Yet collective narcissism was associated via all three defensive strategies with fewer actual donations to support Holocaust survivors. We discuss how demanding HC helps group members to shield their ingroup from its negative past, thus alleviating aversive feelings of collective guilt.
Radiobiological features in offspring of natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster after Chernobyl accident
Authors: Yushkova Elena 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn their natural habitats, populations of organisms are faced with different levels of chronic low‐intensity radiation, causing a wide range of radiobiological effects (from radiosensitivity to radioadaptive response and hormesis). In this study, specimens of Drosophila melanogaster were selected from territories of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant with different levels of radioactive contamination. The isogenic stocks derived from these specimens represent the genetic systems of current populations and make it possible to study radioresistance and its mechanisms in future generations under controlled laboratory conditions. Previous studies have shown that transgenerational radiation effects at the level of lethal mutations and survival rate are unstable and depend not only on the level of chronic low‐intensity irradiation, but also on other factors. A single acute irradiation exposure of offspring whose parents inhabited a site with a higher level of chronic irradiation made it possible to reveal pronounced radioresistant features in the offspring. And the offspring whose parents were exposed to radiation levels close to the natural radiation background, on the contrary, acquired radiosensitive features. Their response to acute exposure includes a high‐frequency of lethal mutations and a short lifespan. The differential response to different levels of chronic parental exposure is caused by differences in the activities of certain transposons that destabilize the genome. Our data contribute to the understanding of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms (via transposon activity) of the effect of parental radiation exposure on the health and adaptive potential of populations affected by the technogenically increased radiation background.
Effects of parent well spacing on the poroelastic behaviors in the infill zone in shale oil reservoirs: A case study in Jimsar Shale Oil, China
Authors: Wang Zhenlin , Guo Xuyang , Zheng Guoqing , Yu Peirong , Wang Wei , Jin Yan , Chen Gang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractShale oil resources are usually developed by tightly spaced horizontal wells that are hydraulically fractured. Infill wells are often used to develop the zones not thoroughly produced by previously fractured parent wells, and determining the parent well spacing has become a key issue in the field as it affects the overall fracturing and production efficiency. This study employs a coupled flow and geomechanics model to investigate the poroelastic changes induced by parent well depletion in the infill zone. Based on poromechanics, the temporal and spatial changes in pore pressure, minimum horizontal principal stress, breakdown pressure, and maximum horizontal principal stress orientation are quantified. Pore pressure is used to estimate the remaining hydrocarbon exploitation potential in the infill zone, while minimum horizontal principal stress, breakdown pressure, and maximum horizontal principal stress orientation are used to estimate the difficulties of establishing hydraulic fracture networks in the infill zone. Results show that increasing parent well spacing helps to maintain the pore pressure in the infill zone, while the difficulties of initiating hydraulic fracture networks in the infill zone are slightly increased. Tight well spacing intensifies the infill zone depletion and lowers the infill well development potential, while the breakdown pressure is decreased which can facilitate future infill well fracturing. The poroelastic effect of parent well spacings on the infill zone is not monotonic.
Experimental study on the shear‐slip characteristics of natural fractures in shale reservoirs
Authors: Shi Zhaolong , Chen Junbin , Gong Diguang , He Shunan , Jiang Xu , Sun Chen , Fan Lingyi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe injection of high‐pressure fluid and the propagation of hydraulic fractures (HF) can impact the stress state of natural fractures (NF) in shale reservoirs, which will lead to shear slip in NF that are in a critical stress state. However, the NF mechanics response mechanism during hydraulic fracture (HF) approximation has not been well investigated, especially under triaxial stress and injection conditions. This work focuses on the NF shear‐slip characteristics during HF through experimental investigation. Each shale sample contains a single rough NF in the tests, and high‐pressure fluid is injected through a pre‐drilled hole at the top of the sample. Meanwhile, the deformation (axial deformation and radial deformation), axial stress, and injection pressure of the sample during the experiment were recorded in real‐time. The experimental results show that the NF will initiate in tension or shear mode during the HF approaching process, and the fracture will produce shear slip in both initiation modes. In addition, the deviator stress, confining pressure, hydraulic fracture approach angle, and fracture surface roughness all affect the degree of shear slip in natural fractures (NF). The results further reveal the mechanical response mechanism of NF during hydraulic fracturing and provide a reference for optimizing hydraulic fracturing process measures.
Influence of cobalt chromium nanoparticles in homogeneous charge compression ignition engine operated with citronella oil
Authors: Senthur N.S. , Anand C , Ramesh Kumar M , Elumalai P.V. , Shajahan Mohamed Iqbal , Benim Ali Cemal , Nasr Emad Abouel , Hussein H.M.A. , Parthasarathy M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStringent emission standards and greater fuel economy have forced scientists to develop an advanced combustion technology (homogeneous charge compression ignition; HCCI) useful in internal combustion engines in the future. Citronella biodiesel prepared through transesterification process which is auspicious an energy source for the CI engine. Cobalt chromium nanoparticles were mixed with the biodiesel at 30 ppm with the help of an ultrasonicator. The present experimental investigation was conducted to analyze various performance (brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake‐specific fuel consumption (BSFC)), combustion (pressure and heat release rate (HRR)), and emission (unburnt hydrocarbon (UBHC), CO, NOx, and smoke) parameters of the HCCI engine with neat diesel, CBD 5% (citronella biodiesel 5% + 95% diesel), CBD 10% (citronella biodiesel 10% + 90% diesel), CBD 15% (citronella biodiesel 15% + 85% diesel), CBD 20% (citronella biodiesel 20% + 80% diesel), and CBD 15% + C30 (citronella biodiesel 15% + 85% diesel +30 ppm cobalt). To carry out the experiment, a fuel vaporizer was adopted in a 5.2 kW, 1500 rpm, single‐cylinder, four‐stroke, vertical, direct‐injection diesel engine. Nanoparticles were used to improve surface area/volume ratio, heat conduction, and heat transfer rate within the oil layers. The result showed that CBD 15% had given better results than the other citronella biodiesel‐blended fuels. CBD 15% + C30 fuel increased the BTE and HRR by 5.49% and 6.8%, respectively, due to a shorter ignition delay and greater cetane number of the fuel. The percentage of BSFC, UBHC, CO, NOx, and smoke was decreased by 33.33%, 34.32%, 5.1%, and 17.34%, respectively, compared to neat biodiesel in the HCCI engine at 80% load.
Comprehensive thermoeconomic, exergoeconomic, and optimization analyses of direct oxy‐combustion supercritical CO2 intercooled and reheated cycles under design and off‐design conditions
Authors: Al‐Ammari Wahib A. , Sleiti Ahmad K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study presents comprehensive energetic, exergetic, exergoeconomic, and economic (4E) performance analyses for four direct oxy‐combustion (DOC) supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power cycles at design, off‐design, and part‐load conditions. These cycles include the dual recuperator cycle (DRC), intercooling cycle (ICC), partial intercooling cycle (PIC), and reheating cycle (RHC). The analyses were conducted at relatively low turbine inlet temperatures (TIT: 550–750°C) with compressor inlet temperature (CIT) varied from 33°C (wet‐cooling) to 50°C (dry‐cooling). Furthermore, single‐ and multiobjective optimization analyses were conducted for each cycle. At design conditions (high‐pressure of Pc,o = 20 MPa, low‐pressure of Pc,o = 5.4 MPa, TIT = 750°C, CIT = 50°C [dry‐cooling]), the PIC has the highest thermal efficiency (47.78%) compared to 38.36% for DRC, 45.71% for ICC, and 44.39% for RHC. At optimized conditions (Pc,o = 30 MPa, Pc,o = 8 MPa, TIT = 744°C, CIT = 30°C [wet‐cooling]), the ICC shows superior energetic performance (52.08%) compared to 47.97% for DRC, 49.20% for PIC, and 48.62% for RHC. At off‐design conditions with a power demand (PD) of 40% of the design load (50 MW), the thermal efficiency is decreased by 21.82% in DRC, 17.71% in ICC, 22.46% in PIC, and 13.60% in RHC. The ICC has the minimum levelized cost of electricity compared to the other cycles with 5.93 ¢/kWh at design conditions (dry‐cooling), 5.65 ¢/kWh at optimized conditions (wet‐cooling), and 7.2 ¢/kWh at minimum PD (21 MW). Therefore, from an economic point of view, the ICC is recommended as the best power block for a sCO2 power cycle driven by oxy‐combustor at moderate TITs. The study also provides constructive comparisons between the DOC‐sCO2 and indirect (nuclear, solar, and waste heat) sCO2 power cycle systems and the future research directions.
Research on prediction methods of formation pore pressure based on machine learning
Authors: Huang Honglin , Li Jun , Yang Hongwei , Wang Biao , Gao Reyu , Luo Ming , Li Wentuo , Zhang Geng , Liu Liu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFormation pressure is the most fundamental data in oil and gas drilling and production; it has an important position in the entire cycle of oil and gas extraction. However, most current prediction methods are limited to parametric methods with fixed models; such that the accuracy does not meet requirements. This is especially true for deeper layers of marine sedimentary basins where the safety density window is extremely narrow. In this study, we propose a novel method to predict pore pressure using machine learning techniques. For the first time, the effective stress (direct output variable) was accurately predicted by a combination of four input variables (2900 sets of data, of which 90% is the training subset and 10% is the testing subset), including longitudinal velocity, porosity, mud content, and density. As such, an accurate prediction of the formation pressure was achieved based on the effective stress theorem. The performance of machine learning techniques was verified by comparing and analyzing the prediction results with traditional parametric single and multivariate models; whereby the best algorithm was chosen by structural optimization and comparative analysis of five algorithms (multilayer perceptron neural network, radial basis neural network, support vector machine, random forest, and gradient boosting machine). Compared with the methods based on parametric one‐dimensional and multivariate models, the machine learning‐based method was determined to possess high accuracy, adequate self‐adaptation, and high fault tolerance (D2 = 0.9981, RMSE = 0.00718 g/cm3). Moreover, the multilayer perceptual neural network algorithm outperformed other machine learning algorithms in terms of goodness of fit, generalization, and prediction accuracy, with D2 = 0.9981 and RMSE = 0.00709 g/cm3. The formation pressure prediction model developed in this study is not affected by the mechanical depositional environment and is applicable to sandy mudstone formations, such that it can be a useful and highly accurate alternative to the traditional formation pressure prediction methods with fixed parameter forms.
Development and assessment of renewable hydrogen production and natural gas blending systems for use in different locations
Authors: Sorgulu Fatih , Dincer Ibrahim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, a thermoeconomic assessment of renewable energy‐based hydrogen generation and blending it with natural gas in the existing pipeline system is performed for various locations. Selected locations are compared in energy content, environmental impact, and cost. In this regard, solar photovoltaic panels and wind turbines are integrated with electrolyzers along with the reverse osmosis units. The clean hydrogen produced by the electrolyzers is then blended with natural gas and utilized for residential applications in an environmentally benign way. Also, the heat required for a community consisting of 100 houses is provided by a boiler by hydrogen and natural gas blend as fuel. The costs of capital, fuel, operation and maintenance are calculated and comparatively evaluated. The results show that the total net present costs for the integrated systems are calculated to be between $3.01 million and $4.36 million in the selected five different locations. Furthermore, an environmental impact assessment is conducted in terms of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, unburned hydrocarbons, and particulate matter. Finally, the CO2 emissions are calculated to be varying from 443.2 to 491.9 tons/year.
Total Mercury, Total Selenium, and Monomethylmercury Relationships in Multiple Age Cohorts and Tissues of Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias jubatus)
Authors: Castellini J. Margaret , Rea Lorrie D. , Avery Julie P. , O'Hara Todd M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) tissue mercury concentrations increasingly above thresholds of concern occur in regions of Alaska where lack of population recovery is noted. Selenium–monomethylmercury interactions may mitigate toxicosis but may also result in functional selenium deficiency, impacting essential selenium-dependent processes. Physiologically driven differences in tissue concentrations (organotropism) of total mercury ([THg]), total selenium ([TSe]), and monomethylmercury ([MeHg+]) confound interpretation for various age cohorts. Archived tissues from Alaska Steller sea lions (2002–2016) were used to compare [THg], [MeHg+], and [TSe] across age cohorts and tissue types. Liver [THg] ranged from 0.05 to 63.7 µg/g. Fetal and pup livers had significantly lower [THg] and [TSe], higher percentage MeHg+, and greater range of molar TSe:THg than subadult and adult livers. Molar Se:MeHg+ ratios, including Se in excess of nonmethylmercury, were dependent on [MeHg+] in fetuses and pups. While [THg] varied significantly by muscle type (heart vs. skeletal) and anatomical location, concentrations were strongly correlated. Biomagnification and/or bioaccumulation of THg in liver of older animals confounded comparison with other tissues; however, in fetal and pup liver [THg] correlated with other tissues. In contrast, liver [MeHg+] correlated with other tissues across all age classes. Fetal and pup tissues, which reflect in utero exposure and are subject to limited bioaccumulation, are ideal for assessing mercury exposure related to dam diet, including intertissue comparison, and represent key cohorts of concern. Evaluating [MeHg+] and [TSe] in tissues from multiple age cohorts allows better intertissue comparison, providing insight into time courses, routes of exposure, and potential for adverse effects. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1477–1489. © 2022 SETAC
Abstract
Chemically and physiologically driven differences in total mercury, monomethylmercury (MeHg+), and total selenium concentrations between age cohorts and tissues (organotropism) of Steller sea lions may confound comparisons between animals and tissues. A One Health perspective benefits from concurrent measurements of analytes. This is key to separating effects of long-term bioaccumulation of non-MeHg+; to interpreting more immediate routes of exposure, potential biotransformation of ingested mercury, and potential for adverse effects; and to assessing food security for pinniped consumers in Alaska. THg = total mercury; TSe = total selenium.