bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Care processes in people in remission from type 2 diabetes: A cohort study using the National Diabetes Audit
Authors: Holman Naomi , Khunti Kamlesh , Wild Sarah H. , Sattar Naveed , Knighton Peter , Young Bob , Gregg Edward W. , Bakhai Chirag , Valabhji Jonathan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsPeople with type 2 diabetes can enter remission but may relapse or develop legacy complications. This analysis assesses whether people with remission from type 2 diabetes continue receiving annual care processes recommended in national guidelines and the potential impacts of formal recognition of remission.MethodsPeople with type 2 diabetes with and without formal recognition (diagnostic code) of remission, and with and without evidence of remission (HbA1c < 48 mmol/mol without prescription for glucose‐lowering drugs in preceding 26 weeks), included in the 2018/19 National Diabetes Audit (NDA) for England and Wales were followed up to identify care processes received between 1 January 2019 and 31 March 2020.ResultsOf the 2,822,145 people with type 2 diabetes in the cohort, 16,460 (0.58%) were coded with remission in the 2018/19 NDA. After adjustment for age, sex, socioeconomic deprivation and ethnicity, people coded with remission were less likely to receive each care process than those without such coding irrespective of HbA1c measurements (relative risk (RR) of receiving all 8 care processes 0.70 (95% CI 0.69–0.72)). For the 339,235 people with evidence of remission, irrespective of diagnostic coding compared to those without such evidence, the RR for receiving all 8 care processes was 0.94 (95% CI 0.93–0.94).ConclusionsPeople coded with remission of type 2 diabetes were less likely to receive diabetes care processes than those without such coding. People with evidence of remission had only a slightly reduced likelihood of receiving care processes. Formal recognition of remission may affect the provision or uptake of care processes.
Do reproductive characteristics of the species explain differences in the investment in weapon size present in males?
Authors: Maciel Douglas , Oliveira Reisla , Peixoto Paulo Enrique Cardoso 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSexually selected traits, such as male weapons, are highly variable in shape and size across species. However, little is known about the mechanisms that may govern this variation. Because males with greater investment in weapon size tend to win more fights, but also pay higher costs related to weapon development and maintenance, larger weapons should be expected only in species in which victory in male–male fights generate reproductive benefits that outweigh investment costs. Here, we hypothesized that the reproductive characteristics that increase the chances of winners to access females or to fertilize eggs will favor the evolution of larger weapons. To evaluate this hypothesis, we conducted a meta‐analysis using arthropods as model organisms. To measure investment in weapon size, we gathered both Pearson correlation coefficient and the standardized (but non centralized) slope values for the relationship between weapon size and body size. We found that none of the reproductive characteristics we investigated was related to male weapon size. Thus, it seems that greater certainty of accessing a female or fertilizing female eggs with a victory does not modulate the investment in male weapon size. Perhaps the cost–benefit ratio between weapon size investment and reproductive success is not the main factor driving the variation in weapon size.
An exclusive review of melatonin effects on mammalian melanocytes and melanoma
Authors: Mubashshir Muhammad , Ahmad Nabeel , Sköld Helen Nilsson , Ovais Mohd 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMelatonin influences mammalian coat colour and hair follicle pigmentation and also weakly alters the electrical stimulation of retinal cells in the eyes. A direct melanocytic response to melatonin is still uncertain in mammals and human skin pigmentation. Melatonin acts as a free radical scavenger and thus inhibits the initiation of cancer cell growth. Treatment of melanoma sees perspective features in the administration of melatonin along with known chemotherapeutic molecules to improve the efficacy of conventional cytotoxic agents. Being richly supplied with a variety of receptors, melanocytes and melanoma cells can be used as in vitro test models for pharmacological applications of known and novel drugs.
Social network analytics and visualization: Dynamic topic‐based influence analysis in evolving micro‐blogs
Authors: Tabassum Shazia , Gama João , Azevedo Paulo J. , Cordeiro Mario , Martins Carlos , Martins Andre 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInfluence Analysis is one of the well‐known areas of Social Network Analysis. However, discovering influencers from micro‐blog networks based on topics has gained recent popularity due to its specificity. Besides, these data networks are massive, continuous and evolving. Therefore, to address the above challenges we propose a dynamic framework for topic modelling and identifying influencers in the same process. It incorporates dynamic sampling, community detection and network statistics over graph data stream from a social media activity management application. Further, we compare the graph measures against each other empirically and observe that there is no evidence of correlation between the sets of users having large number of friends and the users whose posts achieve high acceptance (i.e., highly liked, commented and shared posts). Therefore, we propose a novel approach that incorporates a user's reachability and also acceptability by other users. Consequently, we improve on graph metrics by including a dynamic acceptance score (integrating content quality with network structure) for ranking influencers in micro‐blogs. Additionally, we analysed the topic clusters' structure and quality with empirical experiments and visualization.
Two‐parameter analysis of fatigue crack growth behavior in structural acrylic adhesive joints
Authors: Sekiguchi Yu , Houjou Keiji , Shimamoto Kazumasa , Sato Chiaki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConducting displacement‐controlled fatigue double cantilever beam tests of a structural acrylic adhesive, two different slopes were observed in the fatigue crack growth (FCG) relationship of the FCG rate versus the strain energy release rate (SERR) parameters depending on the loading conditions. Because fatigue is a two‐parameter problem where stress waveforms contain cyclic and monotonic terms, the contribution of each term toward FCG needs to be clarified. Therefore, each slope was explained using SERR with load range and mean load. In addition, cases were observed where the slope changed with an increasing number of cycles. Accordingly, the FCG rate changes. Understanding the phenomenon is important to estimate the crack position from an engineering point of view. Therefore, FCG was categorized into three types using amplitude and mean displacement. After a sufficient number of fatigue cycles, amplitude played a more dominant role than R‐ratio or mean displacement to determine crack location.
Changes in the vertical distribution of age‐0 walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) during warm and cold years in the southeastern Bering Sea
Authors: Spear Adam , Andrews Alexander G. , Duffy‐Anderson Janet , Jarvis Tayler , Kimmel David , McKelvey Denise 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the last 20 years, the southeastern Bering Sea has shifted its thermal variability to longer‐term (4–6 years) ocean–ecosystem temperature stanzas. Age‐0 walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) populations respond to thermal changes with horizontal (east–west) shifts in spatial distribution over the continental shelf, though there are limited data on whether thermally mediated vertical shifts in distribution also occur. Vertical shifts may impact predator–prey overlap between age‐0 pollock and their lipid‐rich prey, calanoid copepods and euphausiids, resulting in different feeding conditions that ultimately affect fish body condition prior to winter onset. For this study, we analyzed acoustic backscatter measured during acoustic trawl surveys over the southeastern Bering Sea shelf in cold years (2011, 2012) and warm years (2014 and 2016) to determine the vertical distribution of age‐0 pollock. This study presents evidence that age‐0 pollock changes in vertical distribution were related to changes in ocean annual temperature. Age‐0 pollock went from occurring deeper in the water column during cold periods to being surface‐oriented during warm periods, potentially exacerbating spatial mismatches between pollock and prey. We relate patterns in a vertical position to physical water column properties, feeding, and bioenergetic condition of collected pollock and discuss implications for recruitment success during different thermal oceanographic stanzas.
Water‐level drawdowns can improve surface water quality and alleviate bottom hypoxia in shallow, eutrophic water bodies
Authors: Matsuzaki Shin‐ichiro S. , Kohzu Ayato , Tsuchiya Kenji , Shinohara Ryuichiro , Nakagawa Megumi , Fukumori Kayoko , Yamaguchi Haruyo , Kondo Natsuko I. , Kadoya Taku 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Water‐level drawdowns are a management option for improving water quality in shallow, eutrophic lakes, but how much water levels should be reduced and what abiotic and biotic mechanisms can be expected to reduce the adverse effects of eutrophication are unclear.

We conducted a study with two experimental pools (10 m wide, 30 m long, and approx. 2.5 m water depth) in a before‐after‐control‐impact design to examine whether water‐level drawdowns could influence surface water quality and bottom‐water conditions, as well as how physicochemical and biological variables contributed to improvements. In the experiment, we fertilised the pools to increase productivity and induce hypoxia, and then reduced water levels four times in increments of 0.5 m.

Our experiment using high‐frequency sensors showed that water‐level drawdowns could decrease cyanobacterial blooms and alleviate hypoxia relatively quickly by changing physicochemical conditions. Water‐level reductions quickly increased bottom light illuminance, increased bottom‐water temperatures, and weakened stratification. The result was a dramatic increase in bottom‐water dissolved oxygen concentrations.

Water‐level drawdowns also decreased the relative fluorescence of chlorophyll and phycocyanin, probably because of a decrease of internal nutrient loadings from sediment. Total nitrogen and NH4‐N concentrations in the water column decreased after water‐level reductions, and NH4‐N and PO4‐P concentrations in sediment pore waters were reduced in the water‐level treatment.

Periphyton biomass did not change after the water‐level drawdowns. Water‐level manipulations increased the abundance of cyclopoids and calanoids but not large cladocerans. These biological processes responded slowly to water‐level drawdowns and are unlikely to have contributed to water quality improvement.

Overall, the size of the water‐level reduction required to start changing water quality was 0.5–1.0 m. Our results suggested that a temporary reduction in water‐level of 20%–40% of the depth might help to suppress cyanobacterial blooms and hypoxia in shallow lakes, reservoirs, and agricultural ponds. Such water‐level management may help resolve conflicting demands for water and may be incorporated into management plans for flood control.
One‐click at a time: Empowering mothers for their adolescent children's educational expenditures through social media usage
Authors: Vijayalakshmi Akshaya , Lin Meng‐Hsien (Jenny) 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMothers play a significant role in deciding their adolescents' educational expenditures. They increasingly rely on the Internet for information search and building online support networks to enhance their confidence. Thus, we use the psychological empowerment theory in this study to examine the association between social media use and educational expenditures. Through two studies, we show how a mother's use of social media (active/passive use) significantly impacts adolescent children's educational expenses via dimensions of psychological empowerment. We further demonstrate that the two dimensions of psychological empowerment differentially drive this relationship: intrapersonal (relying on the self) and Interactional (leveraging the community) empowerment. We discover that active (passive) social media use increases mother' intrapersonal (interactional) empowerment. We also find that cross‐cultural differences play a role in psychological empowerment's effect on educational expenditures, where intrapersonal empowerment is vital in the United States, and interactional empowerment is more relevant in India. Our key contributions to literature are three‐fold: we establish the relationship between a mother's social media use and educational expenditures for their adolescent children, identify predictors of different dimensions of psychological empowerment, and present evidence for cross‐cultural differences in the empowering role of social media.
Improving the accuracy of discharge medication documentation in people with kidney disease through pharmacist‐led partnered prescribing
Authors: Fussell Sarah E. , Butler Eamonn , Curtain Colin M. , Bowe Steven J. , Roberts Matthew A. , Lawlor Lauren N. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundInaccurate medication documentation in prescriptions and discharge summaries produce poorer patient outcomes, are costly to healthcare systems and result in more readmissions to hospital. Errors in medication documentation are common in Australian hospitals.AimTo determine whether pharmacist‐led partnered prescribing (PPP) on discharge reduced errors and improved accuracy in documentation of medications in the discharge prescription and the discharge summary of people with kidney disease compared with medical prescribing (MP).MethodsThis interventional two‐phase study compared current workflow (MP) with the subsequent implementation of the interventional workflow (PPP) in the renal unit of a tertiary referral hospital. Patients were included if they were discharged within pharmacy working hours and had a discharge prescription and discharge summary. The primary outcome was the percentage of discharge prescriptions with at least one error. The secondary outcome was the percentage of discharge summaries with at least one error.ResultsData were collected from 185 discharged patients (95 in MP phase then 90 in PPP phase). Discharge prescriptions with at least one error reduced from 75.8% in the MP phase to 6.7% in PPP phase (P < 0.001). Discharge summaries with at least one error reduced from 53% in MP phase to 24% in the PPP phase (P < 0.001).ConclusionPPP improves the accuracy of the documentation of medications in both the discharge prescription and the discharge summary of patients with kidney disease.
Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against mandarinfish ranavirus and first identification of pyloric caecum as the major target tissue
Authors: Zhang Wenfeng , Deng Hengwei , Fu Yuting , Fu Weixuan , Weng Shaoping , He Jianguo , Dong Chuanfu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMandarinfish ranavirus (MRV), also known as a variant of largemouth bass virus (LMBV), is an emerging pathogen in mandarinfish aquaculture. In this study, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against MRV were produced and characterized, and 7 mAbs were obtained through Western blotting screening and all 7 mAbs specifically recognized MRV/LMBV but not several piscine iridoviruses as ISKNV, GIV and TFV. By LC MS/MS analysis, the recognized viral proteins by seven mAbs were identified as MRV‐pORF47L, MRV‐pORF55R, MRV‐pORF57L, MRV‐pORF77L and MRV‐pORF78L, respectively, and all five viral proteins are late expression structural proteins by Western blotting. Based on mAb 1C4, immuno‐histochemistry and immuno‐histo‐fluorescence were performed to re‐assess the tissue tropism of MRV. The result showed that abundant reactive signals were observed in infected spleen, kidney as well as intestine and pyloric caecum. Real‐time quantitative PCR also demonstrated that spleen as well as pyloric caecum and intestines are the major target tissue upon MRV infection. In infected intestines and pyloric caecum, numerous enlarged, multinucleated cells with intracytoplasmic inclusions were identified as the target cells of MRV, suggesting that MRV serves as a digestive tract pathogen to mandarinfish, which may explain why acute infection of MRV can cause the typical clinicopathology featured by severe ascites.
Intergenerational Transmission of Preferences and the Operativeness of Bequest Motive
Authors: ALONSO‐CARRERA JAIME , BOUCHÉ STÉPHANE 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe analyze the implications of dynastic altruism in an overlapping generations (OLG) model with consumption externalities and where parents influence their children's concern for relative standing in consumption through their saving behavior. The degree of altruism for which individuals leave bequests can be both larger or smaller than in an economy without intergenerational transmission of preferences. The optimal allocation exhibits a stationary capital stock larger than the one corresponding to the economy without transmission of preferences. Even when the bequest motive is operative, the intertemporal allocation is suboptimal. We characterize the optimal policy under the two regimes of the bequest motive.
Evaluation of hematological parameters in patients using systemic isotretinoin with diagnosis of acne vulgaris
Authors: Demirci Saadet Elif , Sahin Ugur 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesOral isotretinoin is the most effective treatment option in patients with acne. However, it can cause various hematologic and biochemical abnormalities. This study aimed to evaluate hematologic abnormalities during oral isotretinoin treatment in patients with acne.Material and MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, the hematologic and inflammatory parameters of 138 patients with acne using 0.3‐1 mg/kg/day oral isotretinoin for at least 6 months were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsIn the study, the female‐to‐male ratio was 2.83, and the mean age of the patients was 23.1 ± 5.8 years. At the third and sixth months of isotretinoin treatment, there was a statistically significant decrease in the neutrophil count compared to the pre‐treatment values (p = 0.003 andp = 0.032, respectively). The platelet count showed the most statistically significant increase (p < 0.001) at the first month of treatment. The most statistically significant decrease in the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was observed at the third month of treatment (p < 0.001). No significant changes were observed in hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume, and mean platelet volume.ConclusionsThere was a decrease in neutrophils and NLR and an increase in platelets during isotretinoin treatment, and these changes were usually mild. However, it would be appropriate to monitor blood counts during treatment in patients with neutropenia or thrombocytosis.
Efficacy and safety of innovative acne scar serum in Indian patients (ESTEEM India study)
Authors: Kandhari Sanjiv , Ganjoo Anil , Talathi Abhay , Aurangabadkar Sanjeev , Bhatia Satish , Goel Apratim , Patil Chetan Y. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundScarring is a common and undesirable outcome of acne vulgaris. There are limited effective topical formulations for acne scar treatment. The investigational product, acne scar serum (HEXILAK® Acne Scar Serum) is latest topical formulation developed for treatment of acne scar with unique ingredients, Kollaren and Exo‐T.ObjectiveEvaluate safety and efficacy of latest acne scar serum on the reduction of acne scars in Indian population.Materials and MethodsSubjects, diagnosed clinically with acne scars with or without hyperpigmentation, of either gender in the age group of 15 to 45 years were enrolled in the study. The investigational acne scar serum was applied twice daily for 3 months with monthly follow for outcome evaluation.ResultsOut of 72 subjects enrolled, 67 completed the study. Most of the subjects, 79.1% showed improvement in acne scar at Day 90. Significant reduction of mean total post‐acne hyperpigmentation index (PAHI) was seen at all follow up visits compared with baseline. Significant improvement in mean acne scar depth, mean acne scar volume, and mean L value using 3D imaging were observed at all visits compared with baseline. All side effects reported were mild and overall, it was well tolerated by all subjects.ConclusionWe found that there was a significant reduction in acne scar and post‐acne pigmentation with new acne scar serum as a monotherapy, this needs further confirmation in larger randomized controlled studies. Therefore, topical acne scar serum with unique ingredients Kollaren and Exo‐T can be a safe, effective, and new option in the armamentarium of acne scar management.
Validation of a smartphone‐based screening tool (Biliscan) for neonatal jaundice in a multi‐ethnic neonatal population
Authors: Ngeow Alvin Jia Hao , Tan Mary Grace , Dong Xiaoao , Tagamolila Vina , Ereno Imelda , Tay Yih Yann , Xin Xiaohui , Poon Woei Bing , Yeo Cheo Lian 
Published: November 2022

AimNeonatal jaundice is an important and prevalent condition that can cause kernicterus and mortality. This study validated a smartphone‐based screening application (Biliscan) in detecting neonatal jaundice.MethodsA cross‐sectional prospective study was conducted at the neonatal unit in a tertiary teaching hospital between August 2020 and October 2021. All babies born at the gestation of 35 weeks and above with clinical jaundice or are recommended for screening of jaundice within 21 days of post‐natal age were recruited. Using Biliscan, images of the babies' skin over the sternum were taken against a standard colour card. The application uses feature extraction and machine learning regression to estimate the bilirubin level. Independent Biliscan bilirubin estimates (BsB) were made and compared with total serum bilirubin (TSB) and transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) levels. Bland Altman plots were used to establish the agreement between BsB and TSB, as well as TcB, using the clinically acceptable limits of agreement of ±35 μmol/L, which were defined a priori. Pearson correlation coefficient was assessed to establish the strength of the relationship between BsB versus TSB and TcB. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsSixty‐one paired TSB‐BsB and 85 paired TcB‐BsB measurements were obtained. Bland Altman plot for the entire group showed that 54% (33/61) of the pairs of TSB and BsB readings and 66% (56/85) of the pairs of TcB and BsB readings were within the maximum clinically acceptable difference of 35 μmol/L. Pearson r for BsB versus TSB and TcB was 0.54 (P < 0.001) and 0.66 (P < 0.001) respectively. Compared with TSB, the recommended gold standard measure for jaundice, Biliscan has a sensitivity of 76.92% and specificity of 70.83% for jaundice requiring phototherapy. The positive and negative predictive values in term infants were 93.3% and 36.9%, respectively.ConclusionOur results suggest that there is moderate correlation and mediocre agreement between BsB and TSB, as well as TcB. Improvement to the application algorithm and further studies that include a larger population, and a wider range of bilirubin values are necessary before the tool may be considered for use in screening of jaundice in newborns.