bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applications of Fluorescent Nanodiamond in Biology
Authors: Hsiao Wesley W.‐W. , Le Trong‐Nghia , Chang Huan‐Cheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Fluorescent nanodiamond (FND) has emerged as a promising material in several multidisciplinary areas, including biology, chemistry, physics, and materials science. Composed of sp
3
‐carbon atoms, FND offers superior biocompatibility, chemical inertness, a large surface area, tunable surface structure, and excellent mechanical characteristics. The nanoparticle is unique in that it comprises a high‐density ensemble of negatively charged nitrogen‐vacancy (NV
−
) centers that act as built‐in fluorophores and exhibit a number of remarkable optical and magnetic properties. These properties make FND particularly well suited for a wide range of applications, including cell labeling, long‐term cell tracking, super‐resolution imaging, nanoscale sensing, and drug delivery. This article discusses recent applications of FND‐enabled developments in biology.
Binary/Ternary MOF Nanocomposites for Multi‐Environment Indoor Atmospheric Water Harvesting
Authors: Laha Subhajit , Maji Tapas Kumar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroducing atmospheric water harvesting (AWH), beyond the arid atmosphere, under comfortable indoor humidity and temperature regime has its urgency in terms of commercialization and addressing the worldwide freshwater crisis. Herein, the synthesis and characterization of a series of binary (aminopropyl functionalized magnesium phyllosilicate or aminoclay, and CuBTC) and ternary (aminoclay, graphene oxide, and CuBTC) MOF nanocomposites and their water storage and harvesting properties from the indoor atmosphere are demonstrated. The nanocomposites show enhanced hydrothermal stability—39.5% increase in water uptake capacity (with respect to bulk CuBTC) with 67.2% of utmost water harvesting efficiency by blending aminoclay and graphene‐oxide with CuBTC MOF. The study further extrapolates the water collection dynamics by varying ambient humidity, release temperature and on‐demand sorption/desorption cycle under the ordinary indoor condition without any solar irradiation. The ternary nanocomposite enables 0.431 gg−1 of water at 90% relative humidity with a maximum value of 0.445 gg−1 indoor water collections per day.
Advances in Flexible Optoelectronics Based on Chemical Vapor Deposition‐Grown Graphene
Authors: Du Jinhong , Tong Bo , Yuan Shuangdeng , Dai Nian , Liu Rui , Zhang Dingdong , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Ren Wencai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGraphene shows great potential for flexible optoelectronic devices owing to its unique 2D structure and excellent electronic, optical, and mechanical properties. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is the most promising method for fabricating large‐area and high‐quality graphene films at an acceptable cost; therefore enormous efforts have been attempted to investigate the flexible optoelectronic devices based on CVD‐grown graphene. Here, recent advances and significant development of CVD‐grown graphene towards flexible optoelectronics including photodetectors, organic solar cells, and light‐emitting diodes are reviewed. Insight into the challenges of improvement of optoelectronic properties, work function tuning, as well as interfacial control of CVD‐grown graphene for high‐performance devices is provided. In particular, the availability to fabricate large‐area devices on the flexible substrates is discussed, which is crucial to drive the practical use of CVD‐grown graphene for future wearable optoelectronics.
Random Terpolymer Enabling High‐Efficiency Organic Solar Cells Processed by Nonhalogenated Solvent with a Low Nonradiative Energy Loss
Authors: Lu Hao , Wang Hang , Ran Guangliu , Li Song , Zhang Jianqi , Liu Yahui , Zhang Wenkai , Xu Xinjun , Bo Zhishan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThree terpolymer donors (PL1, PL2, and PL3) employing repeating units of two popular photovoltaic polymers PM6 and D18 are synthesized by random copolymerization. The terpolymers can reduce the regio‐regularity of the polymer backbones and endow them with much‐enhanced solubility in nonhalogenated solvents such as o‐xylene. Furthermore, along with the appearance of temperature‐dependent aggregation behavior, indicating the adaptability for fabricating organic solar cells (OSCs) by eco‐friendly solvent processing. Among them, PL1‐based OSCs display higher and more balanced hole and electron mobilities, longer charge separation exciton lifetime, and better exciton dissociation and charge collection capabilities than the parent polymers (PM6 and D18) based ones. A power conversion efficiency of   18.14% with a very low energy loss is achieved based on terpolymer PL1, which is much higher than that of PM6 (15.16%) and D18 (16.18%). The result provides an effective way to realize high‐performance nonhalogenated processing polymer donor materials.
Chiral Metal–Organic Cluster Induced High Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Metal–Organic Framework Thin Film
Authors: Xiao Yi‐Hong , Weidler Peter , Lin Shi‐Sheng , Wöll Christof , Gu Zhi‐Gang , Zhang Jian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGuest‐induced host–guest assembly in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has become a critical strategy to achieve circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). Herein, chiral metal–organic clusters (MOCs) induced CPL of achiral MOF are reported. Enantiopure titanium‐oxo clusters (R/S‐TOCs) are effectively loaded into the pores of a fluorescent, highly stable MOF NU‐901 thin film by using a liquid‐phase epitaxial layer‐by‐layer encapsulation method. The resulting chiral TOCs@NU‐901 MOF thin films exhibit strong chirality, intense photoluminescence, and excellent CPL performance with the highest dissymmetry factor (±0.025) reported so far for the downshifted MOF‐based materials. Further, the comparison experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the excellent performance benefited from the strong chirality and charge transfer caused by the significant π–π interactions between the host (MOF) and guest (R/S‐TOCs). This novel chiral MOCs induced approach provides a powerful toolbox for new host–guest CPL thin film materials.
Self‐Trapped and Free Exciton Dynamics in Vacuum‐Deposited Cesium Copper Iodide Thin Films
Authors: Chen Chien‐Yu , Lin Yung‐I , Lai Po‐Ting , Lin Hao‐Cheng , Tan Guang‐Hsun , Lin Hao‐Wu , Schaller Richard D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHighly photoluminescent, lead‐free perovskites are of interest for displays and solid‐state light‐emitting devices. In this report, streak camera‐based time‐resolved emission and transient absorption spanning visible to deep‐ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths are utilized to study self‐trapped and free exciton dynamics in vacuum‐deposited cesium copper halide thin films of CsCu2I3 and Cs3Cu2I5. Self‐trapped exciton emission of CsCu2I3 exhibits more noticeable changes with time in the peak position and width than Cs3Cu2I5. UV‐to‐blue emission is detectable for both compositions, where free exciton emission is distinct for CsCu2I3. Transient absorption shows loss of ground‐state bleach signals at early time delays for both, and the bleach signal shifts toward higher energy as time delay increases, likely due to strains induced by the newly created self‐trapped excitons. Global analysis performed on the transient absorption results yields time constants in these materials that build an overall dynamic scheme. This work aids in building a complete picture regarding light emission in these promising materials.
Position Dependent Effects of the Aza‐Substitution on the Electronic Properties and Crystal Structures Based on Hexaazaphenalene Isomers
Authors: Watanabe Hiroyuki , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe synthesized two hexaazaphenalene derivatives, 6AP‐Pm (2,5‐di(tert‐butyl)‐1,3,4,6,7,9b‐hexaazaphenalene) and 6AP‐Pz (2,5‐di(tert‐butyl)‐1,3,4,6,8,9b‐hexaazaphenalene) and compared the electronic properties with the pentaazaphenalene derivative 5AP (2,5‐di(tert‐butyl)‐1,3,4,6,9b‐pentaazaphenalene). We clarified the position‐dependent effects of the aza‐substitution on the electronic states followed by the optical and electrochemical properties. In comparison to 5AP, 6AP‐Pm had the blue‐shifted UV‐vis absorption spectrum due to the lowered HOMO level and the slightly affected LUMO level. On the other hand, 6AP‐Pz showed the red‐shifted UV‐vis absorption spectrum owing to the slightly‐affected HOMO level and the lowered LUMO level. From the theoretical investigations, it is suggested that one of frontier molecular orbitals can be lowered by the aza‐substitution. Consequently, these opposite behaviors should be induced in the optical properties. Furthermore, 5AP, 6AP‐Pm and 6AP‐Pz showed the different favored packings in the crystalline state presumably because the effect on their dipole moments by the nitrogen atoms was varied. It is demonstrated that the aza‐substitution to aromatic rings is applicable not only for specifically modulating the energy level of one of molecular orbitals but also for altering molecular distributions in crystal.
Exploring structure and dynamics of the polylactic‐co‐glycolic acid–polyethylene glycol copolymer and its homopolymer constituents in various solvents using all‐atom molecular dynamics
Authors: Nyambura Chris W. , Sampath Janani , Nance Elizabeth , Pfaendtner Jim 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPolylactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA)‐basedpolymers are synthetic materials that are prominent in drug delivery. PLGA homopolymer is biodegradable, biocompatible and is often polymerized to polyethylene glycol (PEG) to form a block copolymer used to form core‐shell nanoparticles. PEG is known for reducing blood clearance and opsonization, in addition to imparting “stealth” properties to various drugs and biomaterials. Current formulation methodologies for PLGA–PEG copolymer nanoparticles can be tuned to control key parameters for improved therapeutic delivery; however, molecular‐level understanding of copolymer‐solvent interactions during nanoparticle formulation is lacking. Therefore, three different PLGA–PEG/solvent pairs are examined, in comparison to their homopolymer constituents, to better understand copolymerization effects and its impact on nanoparticle formulation. Results show that at room temperature PLGA–PEG oligomers in dimethyl sulfoxide are the most rigid in good solvent conditions (Flory exponent >0.5) and have the largest end‐to‐end relaxation times when compared to acetone and water. PEG has a Flory exponent of ~0.5 in both water and acetone, showing that the molecular dynamic model that is employed can reproduce its amphiphilic nature in solution. Knowledge of PLGA–PEG structure and dynamics can be used in the design of novel biomedical technologies that improve drug efficacy and reduce cost of treatment.
A riverine biodiversity hotspot in northern Myanmar supports three new and narrowly endemic freshwater mussel species
Authors: Bolotov Ivan N. , Konopleva Ekaterina S. , Chan Nyein , Lunn Zau , Win Than , Gofarov Mikhail Y. , Kondakov Alexander V. , Tomilova Alena A. , Vikhrev Ilya V. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

The Western Indochina Subregion (Myanmar) represents a freshwater biodiversity hotspot of worldwide significance and houses a plethora of endemic freshwater species, among which are amphibians, fish, and various aquatic invertebrates.
The freshwater mussel (Bivalvia: Unionidae) fauna of western Indochina is characterized by high taxonomic richness, with almost all species and several genera being endemic to the subregion. Furthermore, there are a number of species endemic to a single basin or even to a single tributary of a larger river system (the so‐called intra‐basin endemic taxa).
Here, the discovery of three new, narrowly endemic freshwater mussel species from northern Myanmar is presented: Radiatula kachinensis sp. nov., Trapezidens mogaungensis sp. nov. (upper Ayeyarwady basin), and Lamellidens chindwinensis sp. nov. (upper Chindwin basin). All the new species are upland river specialists, which are under high human pressure as a result of habitat degradation, deforestation, oil palm expansion, river damming, and biological invasions.
A nearly complete lack of data on the life cycles and fish hosts should be considered the most striking gap in recent knowledge of tropical Asian freshwater mussels. Here, available data on 27 species belonging to the genera Radiatula, Trapezidens, and Lamellidens are revised. It is shown that certain fish hosts are known for two species only.
Further spread of the alien Chinese pond mussels (Sinanodonta woodiana species complex) in Indochina may be considered one of the significant threats to native freshwater mussel populations. Here, it is shown that the temperate invasive lineage of S. woodiana is established in at least three non‐native populations in the Ayeyarwady and Salween basins. Moreover, the first arrival of the tropical invasive lineage of S. woodiana to Myanmar is announced, although it has been predicted previously. This lineage was found at two sites on the Shan Plateau (Ayeyarwady basin) close to the Chinese border.
Neurochemical plasticity of the carotid body in hypertension
Authors: Atanasova Dimitrinka Y. , Dandov Angel D. , Lazarov Nikolai E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe carotid body (CB), a main peripheral arterial chemoreceptor, has lately been implicated in the pathophysiology of various cardiovascular disorders. Emerging experimental evidence supports a causal relationship between CB dysfunction and augmented sympathetic outflow which is the common hallmark of human sympathetic‐related diseases, including essential hypertension. To gain insight into the neurotransmitter profile of chemosensory cells in the hypertensive CB, we examined the expression and cellular localization of some classical neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and gaseous signaling molecules as well as neurotrophic factors and their receptors in the CB of spontaneously hypertensive rats, a common animal model of hypertension. Our immunohistochemical experiments revealed an elevated catecholamine and serotonin content in the hypertensive CB compared to normotensive controls. GABA immunostaining was seen in some peripherally located glomus cells in the CB of SHR and it was significantly lower than in control animals. The density of substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide‐immunoreactive fibers was diminished whereas that of neuropeptide Y‐immunostained nerve fibers was increased and that of calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐containing fibers remained almost unchanged in the hypertensive CB. We have further demonstrated that in the hypertensive state the production of nitric oxide is impaired and that the components of the neurotrophin signaling system display an abnormal enhanced expression. Our results provide immunohistochemical evidence that the altered transmitter phenotype of CB chemoreceptor cells and the elevated production of neurotrophic factors modulate the chemosensory processing in hypertensive animals which contributes to autonomic dysfunction and elicits sympathetic hyperactivity, consequently leading to elevated blood pressure.
Improved model‐free adaptive predictive control based on recursive least‐squares estimation algorithm
Authors: Pham Hoang Anh , Söffker Dirk 
Published: June 2022

AbstractData‐driven control has received increasing attention by researchers in recent years because no system modeling procedure is required. By combination of data‐driven and model predictive control, this paper discusses an improved model‐free adaptive predictive control approach with application to vibration reduction of an elastic crane. For system linearization, instead of using traditional compact‐form dynamic linearization, this contribution considers the partial‐form dynamic linearization (PFDL) technique in case of multivariable systems. A linearized output predictive model of the unknown system is constructed locally. To estimate and predict the time‐varying parameter matrices, namely, pseudo‐Jacobian matrix (PJM), recursive least‐squares algorithms are utilized for online estimation improvement. As a result, an improved PFDL‐based model‐free controller is designed and applied firstly to the ship‐mounted boom crane representing a typical flexible system. Simulation results indicate that significant reduction of the elastic boom and payload oscillations are achieved, and better control performance can be observed in comparison with other traditional methods.
Osteopontin activity modulates sex‐specific calcification in engineered valve tissue mimics
Authors: Schroeder Megan E. , Batan Dilara , Gonzalez Rodriguez Andrea , Speckl Kelly F. , Peters Douglas K. , Kirkpatrick Bruce E. , Hach Grace K. , Walker Cierra J. , Grim Joseph C. , Aguado Brian A. , Weiss Robert M. , Anseth Kristi S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPatients with aortic valve stenosis (AVS) have sexually dimorphic phenotypes in their valve tissue, where male valvular tissue adopts a calcified phenotype and female tissue becomes more fibrotic. The molecular mechanisms that regulate sex‐specific calcification in valvular tissue remain poorly understood. Here, we explored the role of osteopontin (OPN), a pro‐fibrotic but anti‐calcific bone sialoprotein, in regulating the calcification of female aortic valve tissue. Recognizing that OPN mediates calcification processes, we hypothesized that aortic valvular interstitial cells (VICs) in female tissue have reduced expression of osteogenic markers in the presence of elevated OPN relative to male VICs. Human female valve leaflets displayed reduced and smaller microcalcifications, but increased OPN expression relative to male leaflets. To understand how OPN expression contributes to observed sex dimorphisms in valve tissue, we employed enzymatically degradable hydrogels as a 3D cell culture platform to recapitulate male or female VIC interactions with the extracellular matrix. Using this system, we recapitulated sex differences observed in human tissue, specifically demonstrating that female VICs exposed to calcifying medium have smaller mineral deposits within the hydrogel relative to male VICs. We identified a change in OPN dynamics in female VICs in the presence of calcification stimuli, where OPN deposition localized from the extracellular matrix to perinuclear regions. Additionally, exogenously delivered endothelin‐1 to encapsulated VICs increased OPN gene expression in male cells, which resulted in reduced calcification. Collectively, our results suggest that increased OPN in female valve tissue may play a sex‐specific role in mitigating mineralization during AVS progression.
Facet overhang: A novel parameter in the pathophysiology of multifidus muscle atrophy
Authors: Chua Michelle , Salame Khalil , Khashan Morsi , Ofir Dror , Hochberg Uri , Ankory Ran , Lidar Zvi , Regev Gilad J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe relationship between degenerative zygapophysial joint (facet) arthropathy and multifidus muscle atrophy has not been rigorously evaluated. The purpose of this study was to determine if specific morphological features of degenerative facet arthropathy are correlated with multifidus muscle atrophy. We retrospectively reviewed medical records and imaging studies of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. Facet overhang, bridging osteophyte formation, facet effusion, and facet angles were evaluated by univariable and multivariable regression to identify independent associations with deep and superficial parts of the multifidus total cross‐sectional area (tCSA), functional cross‐sectional area (fnCSA), and fatty infiltration (FI). Facet overhang was classified as severe in 50 females (53.2%) versus 56 males (36.9%) (p = 0.030). Severity of facet overhang and female sex were independently associated with smaller deep part of the multifidus tCSA and fnCSA as well as higher FI, reflecting greater atrophy of the deep region compared to total muscle mass. In comparison, severe facet overhang (p < 0.001; OR = 3.47, 95% CI = 2.13–5.66) and female sex (p < 0.001; OR = 4.19, 95% CI = 2.58–6.79) were independently associated only with higher superficial part of the multifidus FI, reflecting muscle steatosis without significant lean muscle atrophy. In patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis, facet overhang is an independent risk factor for deep part of the multifidus atrophy. Bridging osteophyte formation, facet effusion, and facet angles were not independently associated with deep part of the multifidus atrophy.
Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction towards industrial applications
Authors: Xu Dezhi , Li Kangkang , Jia Baohua , Sun Wenping , Zhang Wei , Liu Xue , Ma Tianyi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecently, research on the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) has attracted considerable attention due to its potential to resolve environmental problems caused by CO2 while utilizing clean energy and producing high‐value‐added products. Considerable theoretical research in the lab has demonstrated its feasibility and prospect. However, industrialization is mandatory to realize the economic and social value of eCO2RR. For industrial application of eCO2RR, more criteria have been proposed for eCO2RR research, including high current density (above 200 mA cm−2), high product selectivity (above 90%), and long‐term stability. To fulfill these criteria, the eCO2RR system needs to be systematically designed and optimized. In this review, recent research on eCO2RR for industrial applications is summarized. The review starts with focus on potential industrial catalysts in eCO2RR. Next, potential industrial products are proposed in eCO2RR. These products, including carbon monoxide, formic acid, ethylene, and ethanol, all have high market demand, and have shown high current density and product selectivity in theoretical research. Notably, the innovative components and strategy for industrializing the eCO2RR system are also highlighted here, including flow cells, seawater electrolytes, solid electrolytes, and a two‐step method. Finally, some instructions and possible future avenues are presented for the prospects of future industrial application of eCO2RR.