bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of neonatal sepsis among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of public hospitals in Hawassa City Administration, Sidama Region, Ethiopia, 2020: an unmatched, case–control study
Authors: Bejitual Kalkidan , Fikre Rekiku , Ashegu Tebeje , Zenebe Andualem 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to assess the determinants of neonatal sepsis in the neonatal intensive care units of public hospitals in Hawassa City Administration, Sidama Region, Ethiopia, in 2020.DesignInstitutional-based, unmatched, case–control study.SettingThe study was conducted in three public hospitals (Hawassa University Teaching Hospital, Adare General Hospital and Hawela Tula Primary Hospital) of Hawassa City, Ethiopia.ParticipantsA total of 331 (110 cases and 221 controls) neonates with their index mothers were included in the study from 1 August to 30 September 2020.Outcome measuresA pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire and data extraction checklist were used to collect data. Data were coded and entered into EpiData V.3.1 before being exported to SPSS V.20 for analysis. The factors associated with neonatal sepsis were assessed using bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. P value of less than 0.05 was used to establish statistically significant association of variables.ResultsCaesarean section delivery (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.56, 95 % CI 1.3 to 5.00), maternal anaemia (AOR=2.58, 95 % CI 1.45 to 4.6) and lack of vaccination with tetanus toxoid (AOR=3.5, 95% CI 2.07 to 6.19) were all identified as factors significantly associated with neonatal sepsis.ConclusionsCaesarean section delivery, maternal history of anaemia and lack of vaccination with tetanus toxoid were found to be risk factors for neonatal sepsis. Establishing preconception care practice, strengthening the quality of antenatal care and standardising infection prevention practice are needed to improve neonatal health.
Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: a single-centre, prospective, observational study in Egypt
Authors: Abd El-Wahab Ekram W. , Youssef Ebtessam I. , Hassouna Ehab 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveConflicting results have been reported by numerous epidemiological studies investigating the association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed in this study to assess the possible association between H. pylori infection and IBD and its effects on disease progression.DesignProspective observational study.SettingSpecialised IBD care clinics at Alexandria University Student Hospital in northern Egypt, between March and June 2019.Participants182 patients with IBD.Analysis and outcome measuresParticipants with IBD were screened for H. pylori infection and clinically evaluated at the initial visit and bimonthly for 3 months to record any potential improvement/flare of the IBD condition.ResultsOverall, 90 (49.5%) patients with IBD had evidence of H. pylori infection. The course of IBD did not significantly differ in association with H. pylori infection or IBD treatment strategy. Cox regression analysis revealed that patients aged 20–35 years (HR=6.20 (95% CI: 1.74 to 22.12)) and 35–55 years (557.9 (17.4–17 922.8)), high socioeconomic status (2.9 (1.11–7.8)), daily consumption of fibre-rich food (5.1 (1.32–19.5)), occasional consumption of snacks between meals (2.8 (2.5–70.5)) and eating four meals per day (13.3 (1.0–7.7)) were predictive of IBD flare. By contrast, eating fruits and vegetables showed a strongly protective association (HR=0.001 (95% CI: 0.0002 to 0.02)). The probabilities of improvement of IBD symptoms after 12 weeks of follow-up were comparable in assessments based on H. pylori infection status (0.793 for H. pylori negative vs 0.778 for H. pylori positive) and IBD treatment option (0.811 for conventional therapy vs 0.750 for biological therapy).ConclusionThe association between IBD and H. pylori infection is unresolved and should be further investigated in the context of specific environmental exposures that can influence the development or relapse of IBD.
Development of a nomogram for prediction of postoperative sore throat in patients under general anaesthesia: a single-centre, prospective, observational study
Authors: Jiang Jingjing , Wang Zhonghan , Xu Qiancheng , Chen Qun , Lu Weihua 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesPostoperative sore throat (POST) is very common in patients under general anaesthesia. However, there is no effective clinical predictive model for reducing its occurrence. The objective of this study was to estimate the risk factors for POST in patients after general anaesthesia by designing a nomogram.DesignA prospective study.SettingThis study was conducted in a large tertiary hospital.ParticipantsPatients aged 18–85 years old who received general anaesthesia with either an endotracheal tube or supraglottic airway and of American Society of Anesthesiologists classification level Ⅰ–III.ResultsA total of 442 patients were enrolled in this study, with a POST incidence of 44.1%. The results showed that younger age (≤55 years), surgical site (head and neck surgery), duration of anaesthesia (≥4 hours) and history of chronic pharyngitis were independent risk factors for POST in general anaesthesia patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration curves were used to evaluate the nomogram. The area under the ROC curve was 0.784 and the C-index was 0.779.ConclusionA nomogram combining age, surgical site, duration of anaesthesia and history of chronic pharyngitis is potentially useful in predicting POST under general anaesthesia.Trial registration numberChiCTR-ROC-17013258; Post-results.
Feasibility of decentralised, task-shifted hepatitis C testing and treatment services in urban Myanmar: implications for scale-up
Authors: Draper Bridget Louise , Yee Win Lei , Shilton Sonjelle , Bowring Anna , Htay Hla , Nwe Nwe , Markby Jessica , Kyi Khin Pyone , Easterbrook Philippa , Naing Win , Win Thin Mar , Aung Khin Sanda , Howell Jessica , Pedrana Alisa , Hellard Margaret 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility considerations for a decentralised, one-stop-shop model of care implemented in Yangon, Myanmar.SettingTwo primary care level clinics in urban Yangon, Myanmar.DesignThis is a feasibility study of a highly effective care model. Using Intervention Complexity Framework by Gericke et al, we collated and analysed programmatic data and evaluation data to outline key project implementation requirements and experiences.ParticipantsProgrammatic data were collected from clinical records, GeneXpert device test and maintenance reports, national guidelines, product and device instructions and site monitoring visit reports. Healthcare providers involved in delivering care model contributed interview data.ResultsThe main feasibility considerations are appropriate storage for test kits and treatments (in response to temperature and humidity requirements), installation of a continuous stable electricity supply for the GeneXpert device, air-conditioning for the laboratory room hosting GeneXpert, access to a laboratory for pretreatment assessments and clear referral pathways for specialist consultation when required. Lessons from our project implementation experiences included the extensive time requirements for patient education, the importance of regular error monitoring and stock storage reviews and that flexible appointment scheduling and robust reminder system likely contributed to high retention in care.ConclusionsDetailed documentation and dissemination of feasibility requirements and implementation considerations is vital to assist others to successfully implement a similar model of care elsewhere. We provide 10 recommendations for successful implementation.Trial registration numberThe trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03939013 on May 6, 2019. This manuscript presents post-results data on feasibility.
Peer-led family-centred problem management plus for immigrants (PMP-I) for mental health promotion among immigrants in USA: protocol for a pilot, randomised controlled feasibility trial
Authors: Poudel-Tandukar Kalpana , Jacelon Cynthia S , Martell Christopher R , Poudel Krishna C , Rai Shan , Ramdam Razu , Laws Holly , Meyer Jerrold S , Bertone-Johnson Elizabeth R , Hollon Steven D 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionResearch is needed to investigate preventive strategies to reduce mental health burden and assess effective implementation among immigrants. Problem management plus (PMP) is a low-intensity multicomponent psychological intervention developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) that trained laypeople can deliver. PMP has been adapted as a prevention intervention and developed as PMP for immigrants (PMP-I), including psychoeducation, problem-solving, behavioural activations and mind–body exercise, to address immigrants’ multiple stressors. This pilot trial aims to assess the feasibility and acceptability of PMP-I and provide a preliminary estimate of the difference between PMP-I versus community support services pamphlets on the primary outcomes of interest (stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms) to inform the design of a large-scale intervention.Methods and analysisThe feasibility and acceptability of PMP-I will be assessed by measuring recruitment, session attendance, retention rates, programme acceptability and the fidelity of intervention delivery. This pilot trial will test preliminary effects of PMP-I vs community support services pamphlets in a randomised controlled trial (N=232 participants from 116 families (2 members/family); 58 families randomised to condition intervention or control) on stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms (primary outcomes), chronic physiological stress assessed in hair cortisol (secondary outcomes), and coping, family conflict resolution, and social networking (targets), with assessment at baseline, postintervention and 3-month postintervention. Eligibility criteria for the primary study participants include Bhutanese ≥18 years resettled in Massachusetts with a score of ≤14 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. All family members will be invited to participate in the family-based intervention (one session/week for 5 weeks). Multilevel modelling will compare the longitudinal change in outcomes for each treatment arm.Ethics and disseminationThe Institutional Review Board of the University of Massachusetts Amherst approved this study (Protocol: 1837). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The study results will be used to inform the design of a large-scale intervention and will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04453709.
Understanding e-cigarette content and promotion on YouTube through machine learning
Authors: Kong Grace , Schott Alex Sebastian , Lee Juhan , Dashtian Hassan , Murthy Dhiraj 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionYouTube is a popular social media used by youth and has electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) content. We used machine learning to identify the content of e-cigarette videos, featured e-cigarette products, video uploaders, and marketing and sales of e-cigarette products.MethodsWe identified e-cigarette content using 18 search terms (eg, e-cig) using fictitious youth viewer profiles and predicted four models using the metadata as the input to supervised machine learning: (1) video themes, (2) featured e-cigarette products, (3) channel type (ie, video uploaders) and (4) discount/sales. We assessed the association between engagement data and the four models.Results3830 English videos were included in the supervised machine learning. The most common video theme was ‘product review’ (48.9%), followed by ‘instruction’ (eg, ‘how to’ use/modify e-cigarettes; 17.3%); diverse e-cigarette products were featured; ‘vape enthusiasts’ most frequently posted e-cigarette videos (54.0%), followed by retailers (20.3%); 43.2% of videos had discount/sales of e-cigarettes; and the most common sales strategy was external links for purchasing (34.1%). ‘Vape trick’ was the least common theme but had the highest engagement (eg, >2 million views). ‘Cannabis’ (53.9%) and ‘instruction’ (49.9%) themes were more likely to have external links for purchasing (p<0.001). The four models achieved an F1 score (a measure of model accuracy) of up to 0.87.DiscussionOur findings indicate that on YouTube videos accessible to youth, a variety of e-cigarette products are featured through diverse videos themes, with discount/sales. The findings highlight the need to regulate the promotion of e-cigarettes on social media platforms.
Abscisic acid application regulates vascular integrity and calcium allocation within apple fruits
Authors: Angmo Tashi , Rehman Munib Ur , Mir Mohammad Maqbool , Bhat Barkat Hussain , Bhat Sajad Ahmad , Kosser Safina , Ahad Shabnam , Sharma Anil 
Published: May 2022

Calcium is a very poorly translocated nutrient in the flesh of apple fruits with the advancement of growth. Within the fruit, movement is further restricted toward distal portion relative to proximal. Even numerous foliar applications of calcium do not always achieve the desired effect. Thus, the objective of this study was to enhance the calcium allocation in distal parts of apple fruit in response to whole plant application of abscisic acid (ABA). Five-year-old apple plants of Super Chief Sandidge on M9 were treated with ABA at 400 ppm, calcium chloride at 0.4% and water (Control) at four stages (30, 65, 100, and 135 days after full bloom (DAFB)), and then analyzed for xylem functionality and calcium allocation in leaf and various fruit tissues at 10 days after each treatment, i.e., S1—40, S2—75, S3—110, and S4—45 DAFB. The results obtained showed that xylem functionality started impairing just after S2; consequently, the calcium allocation was also reduced in middle and calyx portions of fruit after that stage. However, xylem functionality was significantly retained (up to 30%) in ABA-treated fruits at S4 stage, which in other treatments was found to be nil at the calyx end of the fruit. This retention of xylem tissue functionality enhanced allocation of calcium from roots in middle and calyx end of the apple fruit. Leaf calcium was reduced with ABA applications. With the enhancement of calcium in the fruits, increases in soluble solid content and titratable acidity were observed at maturity.
Spectroscopic parameters and electromagnetic form factor of kaon in vacuum and a dense medium
Authors: Er N. , Azizi K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe spectroscopic parameters as well as electromagnetic form factor of the strange particle kaon are investigated in vacuum and a medium with finite density. The obtained vacuum mass and decay constant, which are consistent with the existing experimental results, are used to extract the $$ Q^2 $$

Q
2

dependence of the kaon electromagnetic form factor in the interval $$Q^2\in [0,10]$$

Q
2

∈

[
0
,
10
]

GeV$$^2$$

2

in vacuum. The obtained results at lower and intermediate values of $$ Q^2 $$

Q
2

are consistent with the existing experimental data within the presented uncertainties. The $$ Q^2 $$

Q
2

behavior of the electromagnetic form factor of kaon in vacuum and in the interval $$Q^2\in [0,6]$$

Q
2

∈

[
0
,
6
]

GeV$$^2$$

2

is in a nice agreement with the existing predictions of the Lattice QCD and the solution of the Bethe–Salpeter equation for the model of Nambu and Jona-Lasinio (NJL) with proper-time regularization, as well. The obtained vacuum radius for kaon is also in a nice agreement with the world’s average experimental result. We extend the analyses to a medium with higher densities and obtain the behavior of the mass, decay constant, electromagnetic form factor and radius with respect to density. The obtained results for some of the parameters are compared with the existing predictions of other models and approaches. The results obtained in the present study can be useful for future experimental and theoretical studies both in vacuum and a dense medium.
Neutron stars in mimetic gravity
Authors: Noshad Hajar , Hendi Seyed Hossein , Panah Behzad Eslam 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a modified version of the hydrostatic equilibrium equation based on the mimetic gravity in the presence of perfect fluid is revisited. By using the different known equation of states, the structural properties of neutron stars are investigated in general relativity and mimetic gravity. Comparing the obtained results, we show that, unlike general relativity, we can find the appropriate equation of states that support observational data in the context of mimetic gravity. We also find that the results of relativistic mean-field-based models of the equation of states are in better agreement with observational data than non-relativistic models.
Remarks on the black hole shadows in Kerr-de Sitter space times
Authors: Omwoyo Eunice , Belich Humberto , Fabris Júlio C. , Velten Hermano 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis work is geared towards analysis of shadows cast by Kerr-de Sitter (KdS) and Kerr-de Sitter Revisited (RKdS) black holes. Considering observers in the vicinity of the static radius, we derive the impact parameters defining the apparent positions of the shadows. Such observers are of interest to our work because embedding diagrams have shown that de Sitter space-time is analogous to an asymptotically flat one in the vicinity of the static radius. We also perform a comparative analysis between our result with that in Ref. [1]. Furthermore, we numerically obtain the radii of curvature, vertical diameters and horizontal diameters of the shadows. We find that for $$\Lambda =1.11\times 10^{-52} \,\, m^{-2}$$

Λ
=
1.11
×

10

-
52

m

-
2

, M87* observations cannot distinguish a RKdS black hole shadow from that of a Kerr black hole. Additionally, for the same value of $$\Lambda $$
Λ
, KdS and RKdS black hole shadows are, in practise, indistinguishable. Previously, it has also been shown that when $$\Lambda =1.11\times 10^{-52} \,\, {\text {m}}^{-2}$$

Λ
=
1.11
×

10

-
52

m

-
2

, KdS and Kerr black hole shadows are indistinguishable. Utilizing the 2017 EHT observations of M87* on the allowed range of the characteristic radius of the shadow, we obtain constraints on both black holes. When, $$a/M>0.812311$$

a
/
M
>
0.812311

, we observe that large angles of inclination ($$\theta >30.5107^{\circ }$$

θ
>
30
.

5107
∘

) do not pass the constraints for both KdS and RKdS black holes.
Tsallis holographic dark energy reconsidered
Authors: Dheepika M. , Mathew Titus K 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe consider the interacting Tsallis Holographic Dark Energy (THDE), with the Granda–Oliveros (GO) scale as the infrared (IR) cutoff, as dynamical vacuum. We analytically solved for the Hubble parameter, in a spatially flat FLRW universe with dark energy and matter as components, and the solution traces the evolutionary path from the prior decelerated to the late accelerated epoch. Without interaction, the model predicts a$$\varLambda $$ΛCDM like behavior with an effective cosmological constant. We used Pantheon Supernovae type Ia, observational Hubble data (OHD), cosmic microwave background (CMB), and baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) data to constrain the free parameters of the model. The estimated values of the cosmological parameters were consistent with observational results. We analyzed the behavior of the model using the statefinder and$$\omega ^\prime _{e}-\omega _{e}$$ωe′-ωeplane where$$\omega _{e}$$ωeand$$\omega ^\prime _{e}$$ωe′corresponds to the effective equation of state and its evolution, respectively. The model shows a quintessence behavior in general, and the model trajectory ends in a point that corresponds to the de Sitter phase. We performed a dynamical analysis of the model, concluding that the prior decelerated and late accelerated phases are unstable and stable equilibria, respectively. We also investigated the thermodynamical nature of the model and found that the generalized second law remains valid in the dynamical vacuum treatment of the model.
Insatisfação e complicações pós-cirúrgicas caracterizam erro médico?
Authors: Pavão Douglas Mello , Werneck Fernando Carneiro , Faria José Leonardo Rocha de , Titonelli Victor Elias , Albuquerque Rodrigo Sattamini Pires e , Sousa Eduardo Branco de 
Published: May 2022

Nota-se atualmente um crescente número de processos judiciais a médicos, com base em uma suposta quebra de contrato ao direito do consumidor, onde se exige do profissional médico resultados, enquanto este, pelo código de ética médica e bom senso, tem obrigação de meios. O objetivo deste estudo foi discutir os resultados, satisfação e complicações de três das principais cirurgias ortopédicas à nível do joelho (área de atuação dos autores) com o fim de estabelecer diferenças entre erro e insucesso, próprio do ato médico. Concluímos que a imperfeição faz parte da natureza humana e que, por diversos motivos, as cirurgias ortopédicas complicam, falham e pacientes ficam insatisfeitos, independente do grau de recursos que o profissional disponha, o que não caracteriza erro médico.
Complex Surgical Management of Radiation-Associated Left Retroperitoneal Sarcoma
Authors: Walker Jasmine C. , Bradley Joel F. , Luckenbaugh Amy N. , Lambright Eric S. , Sandvall Brinkley K. , Keedy Vicki L. , Holt Ginger E. , Tan Marcus C. B. 
Published: May 2022

Radiation-associated sarcomas (RASs) are rare entities that tend to have an aggressive course and poor prognosis. Criteria for diagnosis of radiation-associated sarcoma include therapeutic radiation preceding the development of sarcoma, sarcoma arising within or near the irradiated field, and tumor histology that is distinct from the primary tumor necessitating radiation. Despite their relatively uncommon occurrence, RASs are a well-established complication of radiation therapy. We present the complex, multidisciplinary surgical management of a patient with multi-compartmental radiation-associated sarcoma of the left retroperitoneum occurring nearly 25 years after undergoing whole trunk radiation for Hodgkin’s lymphoma.