bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simplified model of oscillating electrolytes
Authors: Akram Wasim , Gupta Amit , Bahga Supreet Singh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnstable electrophoretic transport leading to oscillations in concentration profiles occur in certain electrolyte systems known as oscillating electrolytes whose eigenmobilities are complex valued. The study of the nonlinear behavior of such systems is of great interest but is constrained due to a high degree of complexity in the governing equations. Here we present a simplified model of unstable electrophoretic transport in a binary system that reduces the governing equations to two partial differential equations only and does away with other equations that characterize acid–base dissociation reactions and electroneutrality. We present analytical expressions for electromigration fluxes and validate the model with full nonlinear simulations. The model exhibits similar nonlinear behavior as the actual unstable electrophoretic system under various initial disturbances. For comparison, we also show that similar modeling for a stable system predicts concentration profiles that quantitatively agree with its nonoscillating dynamics. Moreover, the unique feature of electromigration flux in oscillating electrolytes that unfolds from the modeling led us to find an elegant explanation of the instability mechanism. Our theory gives a qualitative understanding of the existence and growth of large oscillation patterns in oscillating electrolytes.
Toward high‐efficiency stable 2D/3D perovskite solar cells by incorporating multifunctional CNT:TiO2 additives into 3D perovskite layer
Authors: Jin Mengqi , Li Huilin , Lou Qiang , Du Qing , Huang Qingsong , Shen Zhitao , Li Fumin , Chen Chong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2D/3D perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is still significantly low compared with 3D PSCs due to the poor charge transport ability of 2D perovskite thin films and a large number of defects in 3D thin films. Herein, to address these two issues, multifunctional TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs)‐modified carbon nanotubes (CNT:TiO2) additives are incorporated into 3D perovskite layer for the first time, and demonstrate three positive effects for CNT:TiO2 material application: firstly, it passivates the defect state of the 3D perovskite layer and enhances the charge mobility of the 3D layer; secondly, its interaction with the 2D film increases the conductivity of the 2D layer and produces the interface polarization electric field to promote the hole extraction. As a consequence, not only the PCE of the optimized 2D/3D PSCs with the CNT:TiO2 is greatly improved to 22.7% from 19.8% of the control PSCs, but also the stability is significantly improved.image
Generation of floor and tertiary response spectra of structures under seismic excitations at multiple supports
Authors: Wang Rui , Xie Wei‐Chau , Pandey Mahesh D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA direct spectra‐to‐spectra method is developed for generating floor response spectra (FRS) for structures under earthquake excitations at multiple supports in terms of ground response spectra (GRS). Only GRS, “t‐response spectra” (tRS), and basic modal information of primary structures, which can be readily obtained from modal analyses, are needed. FRS are separated into dynamic part and quasi‐static part, which are combined by a new combination rule FRSMS‐CQC developed using random vibration theory. FRSMS‐CQC can account for the correlations between various components affecting FRS, that is, the correlation between the responses of oscillators excited by any two vibration modes, the correlation between the response of an oscillator excited by a vibration mode and the response of an oscillator mounted directly on a support, and the correlation between the responses of oscillators mounted on two different supports. In particular, two special cases, that is, excitations in the same direction at two supports being fully correlated and excitations at two supports being uncorrelated, are considered. The direct method can also be applied to generate tertiary response spectra (TRS) from FRS at multiple supports of secondary structures.Numerical example of a piping system mounted on different buildings, which are subjected to tridirectional seismic excitations at the foundation level, is presented to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method. It is shown that FRS/TRS determined by time‐history (TH) analysis have large variabilities, particularly at FRS/TRS peaks. The proposed direct method, which avoids the deficiencies of time history methods, is of excellent accuracy, efficiency, and simplicity.
The cell cycle‐related genes RHAMM, AURKA, TPX2, PLK1, and PLK4 are associated with the poor prognosis of breast cancer patients
Authors: Kahl Iris , Mense Julian , Finke Christopher , Boller Anna‐Lena , Lorber Clara , Győrffy Balázs , Greve Burkhard , Götte Martin , Espinoza‐Sánchez Nancy A 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBreast cancer is the third most common type of cancer diagnosed. Cell cycle is a complex but highly organized and controlled process, in which normal cells sense mitogenic growth signals that instruct them to enter and progress through their cell cycle. This process culminates in cell division generating two daughter cells with identical amounts of genetic material. Uncontrolled proliferation is one of the hallmarks of cancer. In this study, we analyzed the expression of the cell cycle‐related genes receptor for hyaluronan (HA)‐mediated motility (RHAMM), AURKA, TPX2, PLK1, and PLK4 and correlated them with the prognosis in a collective of 3952 breast cancer patients. A high messenger RNA expression of all studied genes correlated with a poor prognosis. Stratifying the patients according to the expression of hormonal receptors, we found that in patients with estrogen and progesterone receptor‐positive and human epithelial growth factor receptor 2‐negative tumors, and Luminal A and Luminal B tumors, the expression of the five analyzed genes correlates with worse survival. qPCR analysis of a panel of breast cancer cell lines representative of major molecular subtypes indicated a predominant expression in the luminal subtype. In vitro experiments showed that radiation influences the expression of the five analyzed genes both in luminal and triple‐negative model cell lines. Functional analysis of MDA‐MB‐231 cells showed that small interfering RNA knockdown of PLK4 and TPX2 and pharmacological inhibition of PLK1 had an impact on the cell cycle and colony formation. Looking for a potential upstream regulation by microRNAs, we observed a differential expression of RHAMM, AURKA, TPX2, PLK1, and PLK4 after transfecting the MDA‐MB‐231 cells with three different microRNAs. Survival analysis of miR‐34c‐5p, miR‐375, and miR‐142‐3p showed a different impact on the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Our study suggests that RHAMM, AURKA, TPX2, PLK1, and PLK4 can be used as potential targets for treatment or as a prognostic value in breast cancer patients.
The aborted Whipple: Why, and what happens next?
Authors: Shah Mihir M. , Ajay Pranay S. , Meltzer Rebecca S. , Jajja Mohammad R. , Gullickson Cricket R. , Cardona Kenneth , Russell Maria C. , Sarmiento Juan M. , Maithel Shishir K. , Kooby David A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundFor patients with periampullary adenocarcinoma (PAC), pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) provides the best survival. Surgery on a subset of patients is aborted during PD. We analyzed these patients.MethodsPatients who underwent laparotomy for planned PD for PAC were identified (2006–2019). From operative notes, we identified the subset with intraoperative decision to abort. Patient, treatment, and outcome data were analyzed. The subset with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) was analyzed for survival.ResultsOnly 6.7% (n = 55/819) of cases were aborted. Majority 78% (n = 43) had pathologically‐confirmed diagnoses at time of surgery, and 18.2% (n = 10) received preoperative chemotherapy. Reasons for aborted PD included: distant metastases (65.5%, n = 36) and local invasion (34.5%, n = 19). Of patients with metastatic disease, 75% (n = 27) had liver metastases. Eighty‐nine percent (n = 49) of patients underwent at least one palliative bypass procedure and 81.8% (n = 45) had both gastric and biliary bypass. Patients with computed tomography (CT) scans before surgery more commonly had missed metastatic disease (79.2% CT compared to 54.8% magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], χ2 = 3.54, p = 0.059). In PDAC, 61.4% (n = 27/44) were aborted for metastatic disease and 38.7% (n = 17/44) for local invasion. Median overall survival for all PDAC patients after aborted PD was 334 days.ConclusionMajority of pancreatoduodenectomies for periampullary adenocarcinoma are done to completion. Liver metastases is the most common reason for aborting. Preoperative MRI may help identify hepatic metastases.
Technical note: Air bubble‐induced performance degradation in automatic rectum segmentation from cone‐beam CT
Authors: Zhou Hanyue , Cao Minsong , Ma Martin , Yoon Stephanie , Kishan Amar , Ruan Dan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeCone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) is widely used for daily anatomy monitoring and can be a potential source to support adaptation. However, low image quality and artifacts limit CBCT's clinical utility. Peristalsis and air bubbles can cause severe artifacts in pelvic CBCT. We have observed that severe air bubble‐induced Feldkamp artifacts in the rectum may contribute to low automatic segmentation accuracy.Materials and MethodsIn this study, air bubbles within the rectum were extracted and automatic rectum segmentation performance was measured in Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). A Gaussian mixture model (GMM) was used to characterize their correlation, and an expectation‐maximization (EM) approach was used to solve the corresponding parameter estimation and decouple the impact from air bubbles versus other image attributes based on cluster memberships. Postprostatectomy patient data with high variability in air bubble size and shape were used in this study to reveal the regression relationship.ResultsGMM identified two distinct correlative relations between the air‐bubble severity in the rectum and the rectum prediction DSC: one showed strong negative dependency of segmentation performance on air bubble presence, and the other one had mild‐to‐moderate dependency that suggested another group of contributing factors influencing rectum segmentation, such as the inconsistent presence of fiducial seeds and shape extremes.ConclusionThe presence of severe air bubbles contributes semilinearly to performance degradation in automatic rectum segmentation. A good correction mechanism may boost the accuracy and consistency of pelvic segmentation.
Comparison of voxel S‐value methods for personalized voxel‐based dosimetry of 177Lu‐DOTATATE
Authors: Kim Keon Min , Lee Min Sun , Suh Min Seok , Selvam Haniff Shazwan Muhd Safwan , Tan Teik Hin , Cheon Gi Jeong , Kang Keon Wook , Lee Jae Sung 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeVoxel‐based dosimetry is potentially accurate than organ‐based dosimetry because it considers the anatomical variations in each individual and the heterogeneous radioactivity distribution in each organ. Here, voxel‐based dosimetry for 177Lu‐DOTATATE therapy was performed using single and multiple voxel S‐value (VSV) methods and compared with Monte Carlo simulations. To verify these methods, we adopted sequential 177Lu‐DOTATATE single‐photon emission computed tomography and X‐ray computed tomography (SPECT/CT) dataset acquired from Sunway Medical Centre using the major vendor's SPECT/CT scanner (Siemens Symbia Intevo).MethodsThe administered activity of 177Lu‐DOTATATE was 7.99 ± 0.36 GBq. SPECT/CT images were acquired 0.5, 4, 24, and 48 h after injection in Sunway Medical Centre. For the multiple VSV method, VSV kernels of 177Lu in media with various densities were generated by Geant4 Application for Emission Tomography (GATE) simulation first. The second step involved the convolution of the time‐integrated activity map with each kernel to produce medium‐specific dose maps. Third, each medium‐specific dose map was masked using binary medium masks, which were generated from CT‐based density maps. Finally, all masked dose maps were summed to generate the final dose map. VSV methods with four different VSV sets (1, 4, 10, and 20 VSVs) were compared. Voxel‐wise density correction for the single VSV method was also performed. The absorbed doses in the kidneys, bone marrow, and tumors were analyzed, and the relative errors between the VSV and Monte Carlo simulation approaches were estimated. Organ‐based dosimetry using Organ Level INternal Dose Assessment/EXponential Modeling (OLINDA/EXM) was also compared.ResultsThe accuracy of the multiple VSV approach increased with the number of dose kernels. The average dose estimation errors of a single VSV with density correction and 20 VSVs were less than 6% in most cases, although organ‐based dosimetry using OLINDA/EXM yielded an error of up to 123%. The advantages of the single VSV method with density correction and the 20 VSVs over organ‐based dosimetry were most evident in bone marrow and bone‐metastatic tumors with heterogeneous medium properties.ConclusionThe single VSV method with density correction and multiple VSV method with 20 dose kernels enabled fast and accurate radiation dose estimation. Accordingly, voxel‐based dosimetry methods can be useful for managing administration activity and for investigating tumor dose responses to further increase the therapeutic efficacy of 177Lu‐DOTATATE.
Energetic formulation of large‐deformation poroelasticity
Authors: Karimi Mina , Massoudi Mehrdad , Walkington Noel , Pozzi Matteo , Dayal Kaushik 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe modeling of coupled fluid transport and deformation in a porous medium is essential to predict the various geomechanical process such as CO2 sequestration, hydraulic fracturing, and so on. Current applications of interest, for instance, that include fracturing or damage of the solid phase, require a nonlinear description of the large deformations that can occur. This paper presents a variational energy‐based continuum mechanics framework to model large‐deformation poroelasticity. The approach begins from the total free energy density that is additively composed of the free energy of the components. A variational procedure then provides the balance of momentum, fluid transport balance, and pressure relations. A numerical approach based on finite elements is applied to analyze the behavior of saturated and unsaturated porous media using a nonlinear constitutive model for the solid skeleton. Examples studied include the Terzaghi and Mandel problems; a gas–liquid phase‐changing fluid; multiple immiscible gases; and unsaturated systems where we model injection of fluid into soil. The proposed variational approach can potentially have advantages for numerical methods as well as for combining with data‐driven models in a Bayesian framework.
Event‐triggered H control for Markov jump delayed neural networks with redundant channels
Authors: Xu Yao , Lu Hongqian , Song Xingxing , Zhou Wuneng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article discusses the problem of H control for Markov jump neural networks with time‐varying delay and redundant channels under event‐triggered scheme (ETS). First, considering the limited communication channel capacity of the network system, the ETS is introduced to reduce the network load and improve the network utilization. Second, the technique of redundant channels is employed to improve the successful rate of communication network, and two mutually independent random variables which obey Bernoulli distribution are used to reflect the phenomenon of data dropouts of the main channel and redundant channel, respectively. Third, a sufficient condition with a prescribed H disturbance attenuation performance is derived to ensure the stability of the closed‐loop system. And according to a set of feasible linear matrix inequalities, the co‐design of H controller and ETS is proposed. Finally, two simulation examples are given to prove the feasibility of this article.
Impact of a brief training on motivational interviewing and the 5A's approach on weight‐related counseling practices of pediatricians
Authors: Welsh Jean A. , Lange Samantha J. , Figueroa Janet , Walsh Stephanie , Gooding Holly , Cheung Patricia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPediatric primary healthcare providers are well‐positioned to provide healthy lifestyle and weight management related counseling but many lack training in evidence‐based messages and methods.ObjectivesWe assessed the impact of a brief, easy‐to‐access training for pediatric healthcare providers, (the Strong4Life Provider Training), designed to introduce/review current evidence‐based messages and methods and improve healthy weight‐related assessment and counseling practices.MethodsFollowing their well‐child visit, a convenience sample of children 12–17 years and parents of children 6–11 years (N = 121) of randomly selected Strong4Life trained (N = 15) and untrained (N = 15) pediatricians were administered a survey designed to assess the frequency, content, and patient satisfaction with weight management‐related counseling provided. Results from parents and patients of trained pediatricians (N = 62) compared to those from parents and patients of untrained pediatricians (n = 59) were compared using chi‐square tests. Generalized estimating equations were used to account for lack of independence among respondents from the same practice. P‐values less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.ResultsParents/patients of trained pediatricians were more likely than those of an untrained pediatrician to report having been asked about child's consumption of fruit/vegetables, 57 (92%) versus 44 (75%), p = 0.04 and sugary drinks, 50 (81%) versus 29 (49%), p = 0.005, and their readiness for behavior change, 47 (76%) versus 29 (49%), p = 0.005, and to set a behavior change goal, 36 (59%) versus. 23 (40%), p = 0.005. Regardless of training status, physical activity, screen time, and weight status were assessed for most patients, and most were satisfied with the discussion. Few (21%) were asked about barriers to behavior change.
Synergistic effect of polyurethane‐coated carbon fiber and electron beam irradiation on the thermal/mechanical properties and long‐term durability of polyamide‐based thermoplastic composites
Authors: Kim Soo‐Yeon , Gang Ha‐Eun , Park Gyu‐Tae , Jeon Ha‐Bin , Kim Hyun Bin , Oh Seung‐Hwan , Jeong Young Gyu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo attain thermoplastic polymer composites with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties as well as long‐term durability, in this study, polyurethane‐coated carbon fiber (CF) and electron beam (EB) irradiation are adopted as an effective reinforcing filler and efficient crosslinking process, respectively. For this purpose, polyamide 6 (PA)‐based composites with different CF contents of 1–10 wt% were fabricated through melt‐compounding and compression molding, and then irradiated with various EB doses of 50–200 kGy. The SEM and FT‐IR data reveal that CFs are well dispersed in the PA matrix with excellent interfacial adhesion via specific intermolecular interactions, which are even enhanced for the composites with crosslinked PA matrices after the EB irradiation. As the result, the thermal stability (initial decomposition temperature and residue at 800°C) and dynamic mechanical properties of PA/CF composites increased noticeably with increasing the CF content and EB irradiation dose. The initial storage modulus of 1.90 GPa for neat PA at 30°C was improved significantly to 2.94 GPa by 10 wt% CF addition and to 4.67 GPa by 200 kGy EB irradiation. In particular, the long‐term mechanical properties of PA/CF composites, which were evaluated using a stepped isothermal method based on the time–temperature superposition principle, were found to be highly enhanced by the synergistic effect of CF filler reinforcement, EB‐induced PA matrix crosslinking, and improved interfacial adhesion.
Development of PPTA/cellulose three‐layer composite insulating paper with low dielectric constant and good mechanical strength based on molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Mo Yang , Yang Lijun , Yin Fei , Gao Yuanyuan , Liao Ruijin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractReducing the dielectric constant of insulating paper to improve the dielectric coordination performance of the oil‐paper systems has always been the research hotspot in the transformer insulation material industry. This paper prepares a novel poly‐p‐phenylene terephthalamide (PPTA)/cellulose composite paper with low dielectric constant and good mechanical properties. Various PPTA/cellulose mixing structures were established and the dielectric and mechanical properties were simulated via molecular dynamics simulation. Results showed that the PPTA/cellulose composite system had a lower dielectric constant than the cellulose system, for adding PPTA molecular could reduce the free volume of the system and limit the steering polarization of the dipole, as well as decrease the system polarization intensity. Constructing a three‐layer structure that contains continuous cellulose middle layer could improve the mechanical properties of the composite system greatly. Experimental results verified the simulation results. The dielectric constant of the three‐layer PPTA/cellulose composite paper decreased from 3.98 to 3.49 at 50 Hz, compared to the conventional cellulose paper. Moreover, the tensile strength of the novel three‐layer PPTA/cellulose composite paper (thickness: 130 μm) has reached 9.02 kN/m, increased by 27.6% than the directly mixed composite paper. Molecular dynamics simulation proves to be a promising method for guiding paper modification. Constructing three‐layer PPTA/cellulose structure represents an effective way to prepare a low dielectric constant composite insulating paper with good mechanical properties.
Effect of manufacturing processes and multi‐walled carbon nanotube loading on mechanical and dynamic properties of glass fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Dhilipkumar Thulasidhas , Rajesh Murugan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn effective manufacturing process and high‐performance composite structures are indispensable in the aerospace, automobile, and shipbuilding industries. The current study focuses on the combined effect of carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforcement and manufacturing methods such as co‐curing, co‐bonding, and secondary bonding (SB) on mechanical and free vibrational behavior of glass fiber reinforced plastic composite. Results affirmed that composite fabricated using co‐cure manufacturing method with 1 wt% CNT loading improved the tensile strength by 22.8%, 12.7% compared to co‐bonded and secondary bonded composites due to rougher surface formation over the fiber improved the adhesion between fiber and matrix. On the other hand, 0.25 wt% CNT added secondary bonded composite had the highest (398.19 MPa) flexural strength. The modal analysis asserted that 1 wt% CNT added co‐cured composite beam had the higher fundamental natural frequencies while higher wt% CNT loading enhanced the damping properties owing to higher interaction among fiber and matrix. The current study exposes that mechanical properties and free vibrational characteristics can be improved by selecting the right manufacturing technique and appropriate weight fractions of CNTs. The co‐cure manufacturing with 1 wt% of CNTs and SB with 0.25 wt% of CNTs provided the greatest enhancement to adhesively bonded composites' mechanical properties and dynamics characteristics.