bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemic characteristics of alcohol‐related liver disease in Asia from 2000 to 2020: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xu Hongqin , Xiao Peng , Zhang Feiyu , Liu Tao , Gao Yanhang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsTo systematically summarize the prevalence of alcohol‐related liver disease (ALD) and the alcohol‐attributable proportions of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases in Asia.MethodsThe Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, CINAHL, WanfangMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched from 01 January 2000 to 01 December 2021 for reports of ALD prevalence and alcohol‐attributable proportions of liver cirrhosis/HCC in Asian populations. Study characteristics were extracted, and meta‐analyses were conducted.ResultsOur literature search identified 13 studies reporting the ALD prevalence, 62 studies reporting the alcohol‐attributable proportion of liver cirrhosis and 34 studies reporting the alcohol‐attributable proportion of HCC. The overall prevalence of ALD was 4.81% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.67%, 6.09%). The ALD prevalence was higher in men (7.80% [95% CI 5.70%, 10.19%]) than in women (0.88% [95% CI 0.35%, 1.64%]) and increased significantly over time from 3.82% (95% CI 2.74%, 5.07%) between 2000 and 2010 to 6.62% (95% CI 4.97%, 8.50%) between 2011 and 2020. Among 469 640 cases of liver cirrhosis, the pooled alcohol‐attributable proportion was 12.57% (95% CI 10.20%, 15.16%). Among 82 615 HCC cases, the pooled alcohol‐attributable proportion was 8.30% (95% CI 6.10%,11.21%). Significant regional differences were observed in alcohol‐attributable proportions of liver cirrhosis and HCC.ConclusionsThe prevalence of ALD and the proportions of alcohol‐related liver cirrhosis and HCC in Asia are lower than those in western populations. However, a gradual increasing trend was observed over the last 21 years. ALD is likely to emerge as a leading cause of chronic liver disease in Asia.
Landscape genetics reveals contrasting patterns of connectivity in two newt species (Lissotriton montandoniandL. vulgaris)
Authors: Antunes Bernardo , Figueiredo‐Vázquez Clara , Dudek Katarzyna , Liana Marcin , Pabijan Maciej , Zieliński Piotr , Babik Wiesław 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEcologically distinct species may respond to landscape changes in different ways. In addition to basic ecological data, the extent of the geographic range has been successfully used as an indicator of species sensitivity to anthropogenic landscapes, with widespread species usually found to be less sensitive compared to range‐restricted species. In this study, we investigate connectivity patterns of two closely related but ecologically distinct newt species – the range‐restricted,Lissotriton montandoniand the widespread,L. vulgaris– using genomic data, a highly replicated setting (six geographic regions per species), and tools from landscape genetics. Our results show the importance of forest for connectivity in both species, but at the same time suggest differential use of forested habitat, withL. montandoniandL. vulgarisshowing the highest connectivity at forest‐core and forest‐edges, respectively. Anthropogenic landscapes (i.e., higher crop‐ or urban‐cover) increased resistance in both species, but the effect was one to three orders of magnitude stronger inL. montandonithan inL. vulgaris.This result is consistent with a view ofL. vulgarisas an ecological generalist. Even so, currently, the negative impact of anthropogenic landscapes is mainly seen in connectivity amongL. vulgarispopulations, which show significantly stronger isolation and lower effective sizes relative toL. montandoni. Overall, this study emphasizes how habitat destruction is compromising genetic connectivity not only in endemic, range‐restricted species of conservation concern but also in widespread generalist species, despite their comparatively lower sensitivity to anthropogenic landscape changes.
Worldwide phylogeography of rough‐toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis) provides evidence for subspecies delimitation
Authors: Albertson G. Renee , Alexander Alana , Archer Frederick I. , Caballero Susana , Martien Karen K. , Hemery Lenaïg G. , Baird Robin W. , Oremus Marc , Poole M. Michael , Duffield Deborah A. , Brownell Robert L. , Kerem Dan , Mignucci‐Giannoni Antonio A. , Baker C. Scott 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRough‐toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis) have a global tropical and subtropical distribution with oceanic, neritic, and island‐associated populations. To inform conservation and management for this species, we used sequences from the mtDNA control region (n = 360), mitogenomes (n = 19), and six nuclear introns (n = 35) to provide multiple lines of evidence to critically evaluate the potential taxonomic status of rough‐toothed dolphins. Using samples from the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans, we examined the null hypothesis that rough‐toothed dolphins are one panmictic species and the alternate hypothesis of oceanic subspecies. Phylogenetic analyses of mitogenomes revealed a private Atlantic clade sister to a larger cosmopolitan clade including individuals from all tropical and subtropical oceans. We dated the split between the Atlantic clade and the cosmopolitan clade to 890,000 years ago. We determined that Atlantic rough‐toothed dolphins could be correctly diagnosed with 98% accuracy with the mtDNA control region and calculated the net nucleotide divergence as 0.02. Population level analyses revealed significant genetic differentiation using mtDNA among most regions, while significant differentiation using nuclear markers occurred only between the Atlantic and the Indian/Pacific regions. Therefore, the oceanic divergence and diagnosability of rough‐toothed dolphins in the Atlantic and the Indian/Pacific Oceans meet proposed criteria for recognition as two subspecies.
Environmental mutations in the Campo focus challenge elimination of sleeping sickness transmission in Cameroon
Authors: Melachio Tanekou Tito Tresor , Bouaka Tsakeng Calmes Ursain , Tirados Inaki , Torr Steve J. , Njiokou Flobert , Acho Alphonse , Wondji Charles Sinclair 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSleeping sickness is still prevalent in Campo, southern Cameroon, despite the efforts of World Health Organization and the National Control Programme in screening and treating cases. Reducing disease incidence still further may need the control of tsetse vectors. We update entomological and parasitological parameters necessary to guide tsetse control in Campo. Tsetse flies were trapped, their apparent densities were evaluated as the number of flies captured per trap per day and mapped using GIS tools. Polymerase chain reaction based methods were used to identify their trypanosome infection rates. Glossina palpalis palpalis was the dominant vector species representing 93.42% and 92.85% of flies captured respectively during the heavy and light dry seasons. This species presented high densities, that is, 3.87, 95% CI [3.84–3.91], and 2.51, 95% CI [2.49–2.53] flies/trap/day in the two seasons. Moreover, 16.79% (of 1054) and 20.23% (of 1132 flies) were found infected with at least 1 trypanosome species for the 2 seasons respectively, Trypanosoma congolense being the most prevalent species, and Trypanosoma. brucei gambiense identified in 4 samples. Tsetse flies are abundant in Campo and present high trypanosome infection rates. The detection of tsetse infected with human trypanosomes near the newly created palm grove show workers' exposition. Tsetse densities maps built will guide vector control with ‘Tiny Targets’.
Physio‐biochemical and molecular characterization of a rice drought‐insensitive TILLING line 1 (ditl1) mutant
Authors: Choi Seung Young , Lee Yong Jin , Seo Hyeon Ung , Kim Jong Ho , Jang Cheol Seong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDrought stress is a major abiotic stress that limits rice yield. Therefore, the development of new varieties tolerant to drought stress is a high priority in breeding programs. In this study, 150 rice M10 mutant lines, previously developed using gamma‐ray irradiation, were used, and a drought‐insensitive rice mutant (ditl1) was selected by drought stress screening. The ditl1 mutant exhibited significantly decreased water loss, leaf curling, and H2O2 accumulation under drought stress. Chlorophyll leaching assay and toluidine blue staining suggested lower cuticle permeability in ditl1 mutants than in wild‐type (WT) plants. In addition, transmission electron microscopy revealed that ditl1 plants accumulated more cuticular wax on the epidermal surface. Whole‐genome resequencing analysis suggested that the deletion of a single nucleotide on the LOC_Os05g48260 gene, a putative ortholog of WSD1 (wax ester synthase/diacylglycerol O‐acyltransferase in Arabidopsis), maybe be the gene responsible for the drought insensitive phenotype of ditl1. The ditl1 mutant will be a valuable breeding resource for developing drought stress tolerant rice cultivar.
A Nearest-Neighbour Gaussian Process Spatial Factor Model for Censored, Multi-Depth Geochemical Data
Authors: Davies Tilman M. , Banerjee Sudipto , Martin Adam P. , Turnbull Rose E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe investigate the relationships between local environmental variables and the geochemical composition of the Earth in a region spanning over 26,000 km2 in the lower South Island of New Zealand. Part of the Southland–South Otago geochemical baseline survey—a pilot study pre-empting roll-out across the country—the data comprise the measurements of 59 chemical trace elements, each at two depth prescriptions, at several hundred spatial sites. We demonstrate construction of a hierarchical spatial factor model that captures inter-depth dependency; handles imputation of left-censored readings in a statistically principled manner; and exploits sparse approximations to Gaussian processes to deliver inference. The voluminous results provide a novel impression of the underlying processes and are presented graphically via simple web-based applications. These both confirm existing knowledge and provide a basis from which new research hypotheses in geochemistry might be formed.
Antifungal stewardship in solid organ transplantation
Authors: Kriegl Lisa , Boyer Johannes , Egger Matthias , Hoenigl Martin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAntifungal stewardship (AFS) has emerged as an important component of quality in managing invasive fungal infections (IFIs), and cost‐benefit calculations suggest regular training in AFS is well worth the effort.MethodsThis review will discuss the most common IFIs in solid organ transplantation (SOT)‐recipients, how to diagnose them, and current recommendations for antifungal treatment and prophylaxis before demonstrating key takeaway points of AFS in this high‐risk population.ResultsEffective AFS starts before a patient is admitted for SOT, through education and regular interactions of the interdisciplinary clinical team involved in patient management, considering local factors such as epidemiological data and knowledge of diagnostic options including local turnaround times. Understanding the spectrum of antifungal agents, their efficacy and safety profiles, and pharmacokinetics, as well as duration of therapy is hereby essential.The most frequent IFIs in SOT recipients are caused by Candida species, followed by Aspergillus species, both with increasing resistance rates. Diagnosis of IFI can be challenging due to unspecific clinical presentation and difficult interpretation of microbiological findings and biomarkers. Prophylactic strategies, such as those for invasive aspergillosis in lung transplantation or invasive candidiasis (IC) in certain liver transplant settings, as well as the selection of the appropriate therapeutic agents require detailed knowledge on the pharmacokinetics and drug–drug interactions of antifungals.ConclusionsHere in this review, we address what constitutes good AFS in this heterogeneous field of solid organ transplant recipients.
Multinationals and domestic total factor productivity: Competition effects, knowledge spillovers and foreign ownership
Authors: Bournakis Ioannis , Papaioannou Sotiris , Papanastassiou Marina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe explore the role of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Total Factor Productivity (TFP) of domestic firms by addressing some of the long‐standing controversies in the literature, drawing attention to the foreign ownership structure. First, we study the impact of foreign ownership structure on FDI gains. Second, we differentiate between competition effects (CE) and knowledge spillovers (KS). The former induces pro‐competitive improvements by making domestic firms charge lower price mark‐ups and the latter highlight the importance of learning gains through intra‐industry (horizontal) and inter‐industry (vertical) spillovers. We investigate whether KS can potentially vary with the degree of foreign control. Using a sample of manufacturing firms from six European countries, we find that the higher presence of MNEs in the domestic market makes domestic firms charge lower mark‐ups. Only majority and wholly owned MNEs generate economically weak horizontal spillovers that become stronger after controlling domestic firms' absorptive capacity. Backward spillovers from MNEs in downstream industries are domestic firms' primary source of TFP gains. Forward spillovers depend on direct linkages with MNEs and the scope of product differentiation.
Global value chains and the CPTPP
Authors: Chang Pao‐Li , Nguyen Phuong T. B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe CPTPP, or the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans‐Pacific Partnership, is an example of a ‘mega‐regional’ free trade agreement, whose provisions on the rules of origin and trade facilitation can potentially have large impacts on CPTPP‐wide supply chains. In this paper, we analyse how intensively the CPTPP members participate in the global value chain (GVC), whether they have stronger linkages with members than with non‐members, the position of the members in the global and regional network, and whether the CPTPP members are key upstream and downstream trade partners to each other. We develop formulas of GVC position, and importance of bilateral upstream and downstream partners, based on the gross‐export decomposition framework of Koopman et al. (2014, American Economic Review, 104, 459) and Borin and Mancini (2017).
PANTHEISM, PANENTHEISM, AND ECOSOPHY: GETTING BACK TO SPINOZA?
Authors: Valera Luca , Vidal Gabriel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMany authors in the field of Environmental Philosophy have claimed to be inspired by Spinoza's monism, which has traditionally been considered a form of pantheism because nature and God coincide. This idea has deep normative implications, as some environmental ethicists claim that wounding nature is the same as wounding God, which implies a resacralization of nature. In particular, we will focus on Arne Næss's Ecosophy (or Deep Ecology) to offer a current relevant example of the pantheist (or panentheist) worldview. However, a new demarcation distinguishes pantheism from panentheism; in the latter, nature and God belong together but do not fully coincide, as in pantheism. Nevertheless, whether Spinoza is a panentheist, pantheist, or neither has yet to be fully determined, as well as whether his doctrine serves as a proper foundation for an ecology that attempts the aforementioned resacralization of nature. This article attempts to clarify these issues.
Have We Forgotten Our Patient? An Exploration of Patient Experiences After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Welling Wouter , Gokeler Alli , Benjaminse Anne , Verhagen Evert , Lemmink Koen 
Published: May 2022

Background: Limited information is available on the experiences of patients during rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Aim: The current study aimed to identify factors that differentiated positive and negative patient experiences during rehabilitation after ACLR. Method and Design: A survey-based study with an online platform was used to identify factors that differentiated positive and negative patient experiences during rehabilitation after ACLR. Seventy-two patients (age 27.8 [8.8] y) after ACLR participated. Data were analyzed and themes were identified by comparing categories and subcategories on similarity. Main Findings: Positive patient experiences were room for own input, supervision, attention, knowledge, honesty, and professionalism of the physiotherapist. Additionally, a varied and structured rehabilitation program, adequate facilities, and contact with other patients were identified as positive patient experiences. Negative experiences were a lack of attention, lack of professionalism of the physiotherapists, a lack of sport-specific field training, a lack of goal setting, a lack of adequate facilities, and health insurance costs. Conclusions: The current study identified factors that differentiated positive and negative patient experiences during rehabilitation after ACLR. These findings can help physiotherapists in understanding the patient experiences during rehabilitation after ACLR.
Refined assessment of the paleoceanographic and tectonic influences on the deposition of the Monterey Formation in California
Authors: Barron John A. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Application of updated diatom biochronology to the Monterey Formation and related biosiliceous rocks reveals the imprint of both global paleoclimatic/paleoceanographic and regional tectonic events. A rise in global sea level combined with regional tectonic deepening associated with the development of the transform California margin resulted in the abrupt onset of deposition of fine-grained Monterey sediments that were relatively free from clastic debris between 18 and 16 Ma. The base of the Monterey Formation does not mark a silica shift in diatom deposition from the North Atlantic to the North Pacific Ocean. Rather, a North Atlantic Ocean decline of diatoms after ca. 13 Ma and increasing divergence in nutrient levels between the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans between ca. 13 and 11 Ma coincided with a major enhancement of diatom deposition in the Monterey Formation. A stratigraphically condensed interval of phosphate-rich sediments between 13 and 10 Ma in coastal southern California appears to have resulted from sediment starvation in offshore basins during a period of higher sea level, as inland sections such as those in the San Joaquin Valley commonly contain thick sequences of diatomaceous sediment. Increasing latitudinal thermal gradients in the latest Miocene, which triggered a biogenic bloom in the equatorial Pacific Ocean at 8 Ma, also led to enhanced diatom deposition in the uppermost Monterey Formation and overlying biosiliceous rocks. Uplift of the California coastal ranges after ca. 5.2 Ma resulted in an increasing detrital contribution that obscured the presence of diatoms in onshore sediments. Major reduction in coastal upwelling in the early Pliocene ca. 4.6 Ma then caused a drastic reduction of diatoms in sediments offshore southern California.
Development and validation of the symptom burden questionnaire for long covid (SBQ-LC): Rasch analysis
Authors: Hughes Sarah E , Haroon Shamil , Subramanian Anuradhaa , McMullan Christel , Aiyegbusi Olalekan L , Turner Grace M , Jackson Louise , Davies Elin Haf , Frost Chris , McNamara Gary , Price Gary , Matthews Karen , Camaradou Jennifer , Ormerod Jane , Walker Anita , Calvert Melanie J 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the development and validation of a novel patient reported outcome measure for symptom burden from long covid, the symptom burden questionnaire for long covid (SBQ-LC).DesignMultiphase, prospective mixed methods study.SettingRemote data collection and social media channels in the United Kingdom, 14 April to 1 August 2021.Participants13 adults (aged ≥18 years) with self-reported long covid and 10 clinicians evaluated content validity. 274 adults with long covid field tested the draft questionnaire.Main outcome measuresPublished systematic reviews informed development of SBQ-LC’s conceptual framework and initial item pool. Thematic analysis of transcripts from cognitive debriefing interviews and online clinician surveys established content validity. Consensus discussions with the patient and public involvement group of the Therapies for Long COVID in non-hospitalised individuals: From symptoms, patient reported outcomes and immunology to targeted therapies (TLC Study) confirmed face validity. Rasch analysis of field test data guided item and scale refinement and provided initial evidence of the SBQ-LC’s measurement properties.ResultsSBQ-LC (version 1.0) is a modular instrument measuring patient reported outcomes and is composed of 17 independent scales with promising psychometric properties. Respondents rate their symptom burden during the past seven days using a dichotomous response or 4 point rating scale. Each scale provides coverage of a different symptom domain and returns a summed raw score that can be transformed to a linear (0-100) score. Higher scores represent higher symptom burden. After rating scale refinement and item reduction, all scales satisfied the Rasch model requirements for unidimensionality (principal component analysis of residuals: first residual contrast values <2.00 eigenvalue units) and item fit (outfit mean square values within 0.5 -1.5 logits). Rating scale categories were ordered with acceptable category fit statistics (outfit mean square values <2.0 logits). 14 item pairs had evidence of local dependency (residual correlation values >0.4). Across the 17 scales, person reliability ranged from 0.34 to 0.87, person separation ranged from 0.71 to 2.56, item separation ranged from 1.34 to 13.86, and internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) ranged from 0.56 to 0.91.ConclusionsSBQ-LC (version 1.0) is a comprehensive patient reported outcome instrument developed using modern psychometric methods. It measures symptoms of long covid important to people with lived experience of the condition and may be used to evaluate the impact of interventions and inform best practice in clinical management.