bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational health intervention for work–life balance and burnout management among teachers in rural communities
Authors: Ogakwu Nneka Vera , Ede Moses Onyemaechi , Amaeze Fidelis E. , Manafa Ifeyinwa , Okeke Francisca Chinwendu , Omeke Faith , Amadi Kingsley , Ede Augustina O. , Ekesionye Ngozi E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study examined the efficacy of the occupational health model of rational emotive behavioral on work–life balance (WLB) and burnout management (BOM) among public school teachers. The study was a pretest–posttest randomized control group design. The participants were 141 teachers in rural communities in Enugu state Nigeria drawn with emphasis on inclusion criteria. Two instruments were used for the data. Data were analyzed using repeated measure analysis of variance. The result showed that rational emotive occupational health coaching (REOHC) led to a significant increase in the management of WLB and burnout among teachers compared to their counterparts in the control group. At the follow‐up stage, REOHC proved to be effective over a period of 3 months. REOHC is a therapeutic intervention strategy that is valid and reliable over time in the management of WLB and BOM among teachers. The researchers are optimistic that the extension of REOHC to other related social and psychological‐based self‐defeating belief by social workers, psychologists, counselors, and employers of labors can enhance their productivity and emotionality in the home and workplace.
Combined blue light and daily thermocycles enhance zebrafish growth and development
Authors: de Alba Gonzalo , Carrillo Sherezade , Sánchez‐Vázquez Francisco Javier , López‐Olmeda José Fernando 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the wild, the light/temperature environment cyclically oscillates insofar as the temperature rises after dawn and drops after dusk. In the underwater photo‐environment, light is filtered through the water column so that blue photons reach greater depths. This paper investigates the combined effects of both factors with two temperature regimes (constant temperature = 26°C, CTE vs. daily thermocycle = 28°C day:24°C night, TC) and three light wavelengths (white‐W, blue‐B, red‐R) on Danio rerio embryos and larvae from fertilization to 30 days post‐fertilization (dpf). It studied hatching rate, larval survival, growth, and food intake (gut content). It analyzed the expression of the genes involved in stress (crh), somatic growth (gh, ifg1a, igf2a), and food intake control (npy, agrp, ghrelin, orexin, mch1, mch2, grp, cck8) at 10 and 30 dpf. The results revealed that the lowest hatching rate was in R regardless of the temperature regime. The highest growth rate was for the larvae reared with B + TC, which was consistent with the highest expression values of the growth factors. The highest feeding and expression levels of the genes involved in food intake were for the larvae in B (regardless of the temperature regime) and W + TC. Conversely, the R + CTE combination obtained the worst growth and feeding results. These findings indicate that the best larval performance can be achieved with combinations of blue wavelengths and cyclic temperature regimes that come closer to those in the natural environment. These results should be considered when optimizing rearing protocols to improve the growth and welfare of the fish larvae.
COVID‐19 crisis and risk spillovers to developing economies: Evidence from Africa
Authors: Akhtaruzzaman Md , Benkraiem Ramzi , Boubaker Sabri , Zopounidis Constantin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study provides new evidence on how risk spillovers occur from the United States to developing economies in Africa during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The results show that downside risk exposures of African markets, financial firms and banks particularly increased during Phase I (30 January to 30 April 2020). The nature and magnitude of downside risk exposures of African financial markets were similar to those of the United States. Our results also reveal that the United States is a net transmitter of risk spillovers while Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt and Morocco are net recipients. Our conclusions offer guidance to risk managers, policymakers and investors.
Synthesis and identification of lithocholic acid 3-sulfate as RORγt ligand to inhibit Th17 cell differentiation
Authors: Xiao Riping , Lei Kawai , Kuok Hioha , Deng Wende , Zhuang Yuxin , Tang Yanqing , Guo Zhengyang , Qin Hongyan , Bai Li-Ping , Li Ting 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrimary bile acids (BAs), products of cholesterol metabolism and clearance, are synthesized in the liver and released into the intestine to facilitate the digestion and absorption of lipids. BAs are further converted by gut commensal bacteria into secondary colonic BAs and the metabolism disorder is closely linked to cholestatic liver diseases via regulating immune response. However, the effect and underlying mechanism of these host-microorganism biliary metabolites on T lymphocyte remain unclear. In the current study, we synthesized a sulfated product of lithocholic acid (LCA), lithocholic acid 3-sulfate (LCA-3-S), and investigated the binding affinity of the BAs metabolites on RORγt, the transcription factor of IL-17A. Our results demonstrated that the sulfate of LCA, LCA-3-S, exhibited better effect than its oxidated metabolite, 3-oxo-LCA, binding to RORγt. The results further demonstrated that LCA-3-S selectively suppressed Th17 cell differentiation without influence on Th1, Th2, and Treg cells. Collectively, we synthesized the sulfated biliary metabolite LCA-3-S and demonstrated that LCA-3-S selectively inhibited Th17 cell differentiation by targeting RORγt, indicating that metabolite disorder of BAs resulting in the decrease of LCA-3-S probably contributes to the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver diseases.
Manipulations of sleep‐like slow‐wave activity by noninvasive brain stimulation
Authors: DiNuzzo Mauro , Mangia Silvia , Giove Federico 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSleep is a universal and evolutionarily conserved behavior among many animal species, yet we do not have a fundamental understanding of why animals need to sleep. What we do know, however, is that sleep is critical for behavioral performance during the waking period and for long‐term brain health. Here we provide an overview of some putative mechanisms that mediate the restorative effects of sleep, namely metabolic biosynthesis, fluid perfusion, and synaptic homeostasis. We then review recent experimental findings that advance the possibility of inducing sleep‐like slow‐wave activity (SWA) during wakefulness or enhance SWA during sleep in a top‐down manner using noninvasive brain stimulation. SWA induction and SWA enhancement are believed to recapitulate the beneficial effects of sleep independent of the actual state of the subjects. If confirmed, these observations will change the way in which we investigate the neural correlates of sleep, thus paving the way for comprehending and actively controlling its restorative function.
Spatial Control over Stable Light‐Emission from AC‐Driven CMOS‐Compatible Quantum Mechanical Tunnel Junctions
Authors: Wang Fangwei , Hoang Thanh Xuan , Chu Hong‐Son , Nijhuis Christian A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe potential application of quantum mechanical tunnel junctions as subdiffraction light or surface plasmon sources has been explored for decades, but it has been challenging to create devices with subwavelength spatial control over the light or plasmon excitation. This paper describes spatial control over the electrical excitation of surface‐plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and photons in large‐area junctions of the form of Al–AlOX–Cu complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS)‐compatible tunnel junctions. Nanoscale spatial control (smallest feature sizes of 150 nm) is achieved by locally fine‐tuning the thickness of the AlOX tunneling barrier resulting in large local tunneling currents and associated SPP excitation rates. Mostly, plasmonic tunnel junctions are studied under DC operation with a relatively large bias (and associated currents) to observe light emission at optical frequencies. Large voltages risk device failure and reduce device lifetimes. Here it is demonstrated that the operational lifetime of AC‐driven plasmonic tunnel junctions is improved by a factor of three. Under DC conditions, slow processes that lead to device failure (e.g., undesirable electromigration leading to shorts) readily occur, thus limiting the device decay time to 9.2 h; but under AC operation, such processes are slow with respect to the voltage changes prolonging the decay time beyond 18.0 h.
Status 1B designation does not adequately prioritize children with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure for liver transplantation
Authors: Mataya Leslie , Bittermann Therese , Quarshie William O. , Griffis Heather , Srinivasan Vijay , Rand Elizabeth B. , Alcamo Alicia M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is an acute decompensation of chronic liver disease leading to multiorgan failure and mortality. The objective of this study was to evaluate characteristics and outcomes of children with ACLF who are at the highest priority for liver transplantation (LT) on the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database—listed as status 1B. The characteristics and outcomes of 478 children with ACLF listed as status 1B on the UNOS LT waiting list from 2007–2019 were compared with children with similar or higher priority listing for transplant: 929 with acute liver failure (ALF) listed as status 1A and 808 with metabolic diseases and malignancies listed as status 1B (termed “non‐ACLF”). Children with ACLF had comparable rates of cumulative organ failures compared with ALF (45% vs. 44%; p > 0.99) listings, but higher than non‐ACLF (45% vs. 1%; p < 0.001). ACLF had the lowest LT rate (79%, 84%, 95%; p < 0.001), highest pre‐LT mortality (20%, 11%, 1%; p < 0.001), and longest waitlist time (57, 3, 56 days; p < 0.001), and none recovered without LT (0%, 4%, 1%; p < 0.001). In survival analyses, ACLF was associated with an increased adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for post‐LT mortality (HR, 1.50 vs. ALF [95% confidence interval, CI, 1.02–2.19; p = 0.04] and HR, 1.64 vs. non‐ACLF [95% CI, 1.15–2.34; p = 0.01]). ACLF has the least favorable waitlist and post‐LT outcomes of all patients who are status 1A/1B. Increased prioritization on the LT waiting list may offer children with ACLF an opportunity for enhanced outcomes.
Evaluation of pharmaceutical intervention strategies against pandemics in Sweden: A scenario‐driven multiple criteria decision analysis study
Authors: Talantsev Anton , Fasth Tobias , Wenner Cenny , Wolff Ellen , Larsson Aron 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo enhance preparedness for diverse pandemic situations we aim to predict the performance of various pharmaceutical intervention strategies. We gathered domain experts and ran a series of decision conferences where a scenario‐based multi‐criteria decision analysis (MCDA) model was interactively defined and implemented. Assuming an influenza pandemic, a micro simulation model was used to estimate societal health impact, a health‐economic model was used to estimate economic losses, and expert preferences were elicited to define trade‐offs between multiple criteria and synthesize various estimates. Sensitivity analysis to address various forms of uncertainty was also conducted. Nine intervention strategies, including the baseline “no interventions” strategy, were evaluated and ranked under five pandemic scenarios for Sweden's population. We conclude that a scenario‐based MCDA approach relying on multiple models for assessment of consequences is instrumental in defining robust interventions and support decision‐making at the pre‐pandemic and pandemic situations.
PMS2 variant results in loss of ATPase activity without compromising mismatch repair
Authors: D'Arcy Brandon M. , Arrington Jennifer , Weisman Justin , McClellan Steven B. , Vandana   , Yang Zhengrong , Deivanayagam Champion , Blount Jessa , Prakash Aishwarya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHereditary cancer syndromes account for approximately 5%–10% of all diagnosed cancer cases. Lynch syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant hereditary cancer condition that predisposes individuals to an elevated lifetime risk for developing colorectal, endometrial, and other cancers. LS results from a pathogenic mutation in one of four mismatch repair (MMR) genes (MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2). The diagnosis of LS is often challenged by the identification of missense mutations, termed variants of uncertain significance, whose functional effect on the protein is not known. Of the eight PMS2 variants initially selected for this study, we identified a variant within the N‐terminal domain where asparagine 335 is mutated to serine, p.Asn335Ser, which lacked ATPase activity, yet appears to be proficient in MMR. To expand our understanding of this functional dichotomy, we performed biophysical and structural studies, and noted that p.Asn335Ser binds to ATP but is unable to hydrolyze it to ADP. To examine the impact of p.Asn335Ser on MMR, we developed a novel in‐cell fluorescent‐based microsatellite instability reporter that revealed p.Asn335Ser maintained genomic stability. We conclude that in the absence of gross structural changes, PMS2 ATP hydrolysis is not necessary for proficient MMR and that the ATPase deficient p.Asn335Ser variant is likely benign.
Vine Tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata) Extract Attenuates CCl4‐Induced Liver Injury by Restoring Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Mice
Authors: Li Ying , Hu Haiming , Yang Huabing , Lin Aizhen , Xia Hui , Cheng Xue , Kong Mingwang , Liu Hongtao 
Published: February 2022

ScopeVine tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata), a traditional Chinese tea, has displayed various biological activities. The authors aim to investigate the effect of Vine Tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata) extract (VTE) on carbon tetrachlorid (CCl4)induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice and to explore the underlying role of gut microbiota during the treatment.Methods and ResultsC57BL/6J mice injected with CCl4are treated with VTE for 6 weeks. By using H&E staining, immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real‐time (qRT)‐PCR, and western blot, it is shown that VTE treatment significantly ameliorates hepatocyte necrosis, alleviates the mRNA levels of toll‐like receptor 4 (Tlr4), interleukin(Il)‐6, inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), acetyl‐CoA carboxylase1 (Acc1), and increases the mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma(Ppar‐γ)and 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase(Hmg‐coar)compared to the CCl4group. Also, VTE abrogates the decreased mRNA expressions of zonula occludens‐1(Zo‐1),Occludin, andMucin1in colon tissues. Using microbial 16S rDNA sequencing, VTE treatment significantly downregulates the abundances of some harmful intestinal bacteria likeHelicobacterandOscillibacter. In contrast, VTE upregulates the contents of several beneficial bacteria, such asRuminococcaceae_UCG‐014andEubacterium_fissicatena_group. Further, VTE fails to improve ALI in the mice with gut microbiota depletion using antibiotic treatment.ConclusionsThe studies suggest that VTE exhibits a protective effect against CCl4‐induced ALI in mice by alleviating hepatic inflammation, suppressing intestinal epithelial barrier injury, and restoring gut microbiota dysbiosis.
Computational homogenization of higher‐order continua
Authors: Schmidt Felix , Krüger Melanie , Keip Marc‐André , Hesch Christian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe introduce a novel computational framework for the multiscale simulation of higher‐order continua that allows for the consideration of first‐, second‐, and third‐order effects at both micro‐ and macro‐level. In line with classical two‐scale approaches, we describe the microstructure via representative volume elements that are attached at each integration point of the macroscopic problem. To take account of the extended continuity requirements of independent fields at micro‐ and macro‐level, we discretize both scales via isogeometric analysis (IGA). As a result, we obtain an IGA‐method that is conceptually similar to the well‐known FE‐method. We demonstrate the functionality and accuracy of this novel multiscale method by means of a series of multiscale simulations involving different kinds of higher‐order continua.
‘Societal Relationships with Nature’: A framework for understanding nature‐related conflicts and multiple values
Authors: Berghöfer Uta , Rode Julian , Jax Kurt , Förster Johannes , Berghöfer Augustin , Wittmer Heidi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

In this paper, we operationalize the concept of Societal Relationships with Nature (SRN) as a framework for understanding nature‐related conflicts and multiple values.

Based on three dimensions knowledgescape, interactions and identity, we propose a set of questions for the empirical analysis of conflict situations.

We use two case studies—designation of a biosphere reserve in southern Chile and the return of the wolf in Germany—to illustrate how the SRN framework can reveal and structure the complexity of human–nature relationships.

From the conceptual advances and the academic debate on multiple values of nature, we derive four requirements for approaches to analyse nature‐related conflicts and how different stakeholders attribute importance to nature.

These should (a) cover the relevant aspects and reveal the critical issues underlying a conflict, (b) enable an understanding of differences and commonalities in people’s perspectives and positions, (c) be comprehensive enough to uncover important issues in complex situations without losing empirical practicability and (d) take power relations into account.

We discuss whether and how the SRN framework meets these requirements.

We present the SRN framework in particular to the academic community working at the interface with policy and practice on multiple values of nature and nature‐related conflicts.

SRN analysis can also be applied to complement valuation approaches by specifying and explaining differences in people’s attributions of value to nature.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Multi‐species, multi‐country analysis reveals North Americans are willing to pay for transborder migratory species conservation
Authors: Thogmartin Wayne E. , Haefele Michelle A. , Diffendorfer Jay E. , Semmens Darius J. , Derbridge Jonathan J. , Lien Aaron , Huang Ta‐Ken , López‐Hoffman Laura 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Migratory species often provide ecosystem service benefits to people in one country while receiving habitat support in other countries. The multinational cooperation that could help ensure continued provisioning of these benefits by migration may be informed by understanding the economic values people in different countries place on the benefits they derive from migratory wildlife.

We conducted contingent valuation surveys to estimate the willingness of 3733 respondents from Canada, the United States and México to invest in conservation for two disparate migratory species, the northern pintail duck Anas acuta and the Mexican free‐tailed bat Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana.

With zero‐inflated mixed‐effects negative binomial regression (explaining 87% of the variation in willingness to pay for conservation), we found that respondents from each nation, after controlling for both household income and per capita national Gross Domestic Product, were willing to invest in conservation in other countries.

This willingness to pay for conservation, even when respondents knew that funds would be used to support benefits accruing primarily in other countries, demonstrates the potential for support of multinational conservation policies and programmes that direct resources to locations where the most critical habitat is located, rather than where the funding is generated. These findings could be used to support the development or expansion of new and existing international conservation programmes for migratory species.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Pattern and predictors of sites of relapse in neuroblastoma: A report from the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) project
Authors: Vo Kieuhoa T. , DuBois Steven G. , Neuhaus John , Braunstein Steve E. , Weil Brent R. , Naranjo Arlene , Irtan Sabine , Balaguer Julia , Matthay Katherine K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeWe sought to analyze biologic, clinical, and prognostic differences according to pattern of failure at the time of first relapse in neuroblastoma.Patients and MethodsChildren <21 years diagnosed with neuroblastoma between 1989 and 2017 with known site of first relapse (isolated local vs. distant only vs. combined local and distant sites) were identified from the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) database. Data were compared between sites of relapse according to clinical features, biologic features, initial treatment, time to first relapse, and overall survival (OS) from time of first relapse.ResultsPattern of first relapse among 1833 children was 19% isolated local; 65% distant only; and 16% combined sites. All evaluated clinical and biologic variables with exception of tumor diagnosis differed statistically by relapse pattern, with patients with isolated local failure having more favorable prognostic features. Patients with stage 3 disease were more likely to have isolated local failure compared to all other stages (49% vs. 16%; p < .001). OS significantly differed by relapse pattern (5‐year OS ± SE): isolated local: 64% ± 3%; distant only: 23% ± 2%; and combined: 26% ± 4% (p < .001). After controlling for age, stage, and MYCN status, patients with isolated local failure (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33–0.62; p < .001) and distant‐only failure (adjusted HR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.45–0.71; p < .001) remained at decreased risk for death as compared to patients with combined failure.ConclusionPatients with distant‐only and combined failures have a higher proportion of unfavorable clinical and biological features, and a lower survival than those with isolated local relapse.
Robotic right colectomy with complete mesocolic excision: Senior versus junior surgeon, a case‐matched retrospective analysis
Authors: Ferraro Luca , Formisano Giampaolo , Salaj Adelona , Giuratrabocchetta Simona , Giuliani Giuseppe , Salvischiani Lucia , Bianchi Paolo Pietro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundRobotic surgery may facilitate complex procedures such as right colectomy with complete mesocolic excision (CME) and shorten the learning curve. This study aimed to compare senior and junior surgeons' results in performing robotic right colectomy (RRC) with CME and intracorporeal anastomosis for right colon cancer.Materials and MethodsBetween January 2015 and April 2020, a total of 161 patients underwent RRC with CME. After propensity score matching, two groups of 31 patients for each surgeon were formed. Intraoperative, postoperative and pathological outcomes were the variables assessed.ResultsNo statistically significant difference was recorded between the two groups. The senior surgeon experienced 16.1% minor complications (Clavien–Dindo I‐II) and 3.2% major complications (Clavien–Dindo III‐IV), while the novice surgeon reported 19.3% and 3.2% rates of minor and major adverse events, respectively.ConclusionsAfter a structured training protocol, a novice may obtain comparable results to an expert in performing RRC with CME.