bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of additive from waste products with gasoline fuel to operate spark ignition engine
Authors: Awad Omar I. , Ali Obed M. , Zhou Bo , Ma Xiao , Thaeer Hammid Ali , Alwan Naseer T. , Yaqoob Salam J. , Motahhir Saad , Askar S. S. , Abouhawwash Mohamed 
Published: May 2022

AbstractImpacts of blending fusel oil with gasoline on fuel combustion have been investigated experimentally in the current research to evaluate engine performance improvement and exhaust emission. Tested fuel include F10, F20 (10% and 20% of fusel oil by volume) and pure gasoline as baseline fuel have been used to operate 4-cylinder SI engine at increasing engine speed and constant throttle valve of 45%. The present results reveal a shorter combustion duration and better engine performance with F10 over engine speeds with maximum value of 33.9% for the engine brake thermal efficiency. The lowest BSFC of 251 g/kW h was recorded at 3500 rpm engine speed also with F10. All blended fuel have almost similar COVIMEP. Less NOx emission was measured with F10 at 4500 engine speed compared to gasoline. However, CO emissions reduced while higher CO2 was observed with introducing fusel oil in the blend. Moreover, HC emission increased an average by 11% over speed range and the highest value was achieved with 10% fusel oil addition compared to 20% and pure gasoline. Accordingly, higher oxygen content of fusel oil and octane number contribute to improve combustion of fuel mixture.
The effects of fish meal substitution by clam meal on the growth and health of Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus)
Authors: Habte-Tsion H.-Michael , Riche Marty , Mejri Sahar , Bradshaw David , Wills Paul S. , Myers Joseph J. , Perricone Carlie S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA 12-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of fish meal (FM) substitution by clam meal (CM, at 10%, 20% and 30% of the diet) on the growth, feed utilization, hepatic antioxidant enzymes, plasma parameters, fatty acid and amino acid composition, and gut microbiome of juvenile Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus. The results indicated that: (1) juveniles fed 10% and 20% CM had a significantly higher final weight than the group fed the control (0% CM); and the control group also showed significantly lower weight gain, feed intake, protein retention value, whole-body crude protein and total amino acids composition, but higher hepatosomatic index and whole-body crude fat; (2) hepatic peroxide content and superoxide dismutase activity were not significantly affected by the substitution of CM, but it did affect glutathione peroxidase activity, with higher levels found in fish fed 30% CM compared to 0% and 10% CM; (3) plasma total protein, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and immunoglobulin M showed no significant differences among the treatments; (4) there were no significant differences among treatments in terms of fatty acids composition and microbial diversity. Overall, this study concluded that CM has comparable benefit in the diet of Florida pompano as FM does.
Physician adherence and patient-reported outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in the era of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor therapy
Authors: Kim In-Cheol , Youn Jong-Chan , Jang Se Yong , Lee Sang Eun , Cho Hyun-Jai , Choi Jin-Oh , Lee Ju-Hee , Kim Kyung-Hee , Lee Sun Hwa , Kim Kye Hun , Lee Jong Min , Yoo Byung-Su ,   the SPARK study group, Yoo Byung-Su , Jang Se Yong , Lee Jong Min , Kim In-Cheol , Choi Jin-Oh , Cho Hyun-Jai , Lee Sang Eun , Kim Kyung-Hee , Kim Kye Hun , Lee Sun Hwa , Lee Ju-Hee , Choi Jung Hyun , Oh Jaewon , Seo Suk Min , Park Jin Joo , Kim Jeong Su , Hwang Seok-Jae , Park Jae-Hyeong , Park Sang Min , Kim Eung Ju , Youn Jong-Chan , Ihm Sang-Hyun , Ha Sang Jin , Chung Wook-Jin , Choi Seong Hoon , Kim Ji-Hyun , Kim Song-Yi , Cho Kyoung Im , Ryu Dong Ryeol 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis Korean nationwide, multicenter, noninterventional, prospective cohort study aimed to analyze physician adherence to guideline-recommended therapy for heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and its effect on patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Patients diagnosed with or hospitalized for HFrEF within the previous year were enrolled. Treatment adherence was considered optimal when all 3 categories of guideline-recommended medications (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, or angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors; beta-blockers; and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists) were prescribed and suboptimal when ≤ 2 categories were prescribed. The 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) scores were compared at baseline and 6 months between the 2 groups. Overall, 854 patients from 30 hospitals were included. At baseline, the optimal adherence group comprised 527 patients (61.7%), whereas during follow-up, the optimal and suboptimal adherence groups comprised 462 (54.1%) and 281 (32.9%) patients, respectively. Patients in the suboptimal adherence group were older, with a lower body mass index, and increased comorbidities, including renal dysfunction. SF-36 scores were significantly higher in the optimal adherence group for most domains (P < 0.05). This study showed satisfactory physician adherence to contemporary treatment for HFrEF. Optimal adherence to HF medication significantly correlated with better PROs.
Interactive analysis of biosurfactants in fruit-waste fermentation samples using BioSurfDB and MEGAN
Authors: Silva Gabriela Fiori da , Gautam Anupam , Duarte Iolanda Cristina Silveira , Delforno Tiago Palladino , Oliveira Valéria Maia de , Huson Daniel H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAgroindustrial waste, such as fruit residues, are a renewable, abundant, low-cost, commonly-used carbon source. Biosurfactants are molecules of increasing interest due to their multifunctional properties, biodegradable nature and low toxicity, in comparison to synthetic surfactants. A better understanding of the associated microbial communities will aid prospecting for biosurfactant-producing microorganisms. In this study, six samples of fruit waste, from oranges, mangoes and mixed fruits, were subjected to autochthonous fermentation, so as to promote the growth of their associated microbiota, followed by short-read metagenomic sequencing. Using the DIAMOND+MEGAN analysis pipeline, taxonomic analysis shows that all six samples are dominated by Proteobacteria, in particular, a common core consisting of the genera Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Stenotrophomonas, Acinetobacter and Escherichia. Functional analysis indicates high similarity among samples and a significant number of reads map to genes that are involved in the biosynthesis of lipopeptide-class biosurfactants. Gene-centric analysis reveals Klebsiella as the main assignment for genes related to putisolvins biosynthesis. To simplify the interactive visualization and exploration of the surfactant-related genes in such samples, we have integrated the BiosurfDB classification into MEGAN and make this available. These results indicate that microbiota obtained from autochthonous fermentation have the genetic potential for biosynthesis of biosurfactants, suggesting that fruit wastes may provide a source of biosurfactant-producing microorganisms, with applications in the agricultural, chemical, food and pharmaceutical industries.
Resveratrol blocks retrotransposition of LINE-1 through PPAR α and sirtuin-6
Authors: Okudaira Noriyuki , Ishizaka Yukihito , Tamamori-Adachi Mimi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe retroelement long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1 or L1) comprises about 17% of the human genome. L1 retrotransposition is known to cause genomic instability and related disorders, and resveratrol suppresses this retrotransposition; however, the underlying mechanism is still not elucidated. Recent observations showed that low-molecular-weight compounds might induce L1 retrotransposition through unknown mechanisms. This study aimed to determine polyphenol resveratrol (RV)’s effect on L1-RTP (retrotransposition) in somatic cells. Surprisingly, RV completely blocked L1-RTP. Experiments using the PPARα inhibitor GW6471 or siRNA-mediated PPARα depletion showed that RV-mediated L1-RTP’s inhibition depended on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). We demonstrated that RV inhibits p38 and cAMP response element binding protein phosphorylation, which are involved in MAPK signaling, and the L1-ORF1 protein’s chromatin recruitment. Furthermore, RV increased the expression of sirtuin-6 (SIRT6), which inhibited the activation of L1. The sirtuins family, SIRT1, SIRT6, and SIRT7, but not SIRT3, are involved in RV-mediated inhibition of L1-RTP. Overall, our findings suggest that RV directly modulates PPARα-mediated L1-RTP in somatic cells and that MAPK signaling interacts with SIRT6 closely and may play a role in preventing human diseases such as cancer.
Identification of a biomass unaffected pale green mutant gene in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis)
Authors: Zhao Yonghui , Huang Shengnan , Wang Nan , Zhang Yun , Ren Jie , Zhao Ying , Feng Hui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChlorophyll (Chl) is an essential component of the photosynthetic apparatus and pigments in plant greening. Leaf color is an important agronomic and commercial trait of Chinese cabbage. In this study, we identified a pale green mutant pgm created by ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis in Chinese cabbage. Compared with wild-type (FT), pgm had a lower Chl content with a higher Chl a/b ratio, imperfect chloroplast structure, and lower non-photochemical quenching. However, its net photosynthetic rate and biomass showed no significant differences. Genetic analysis revealed that the pale green phenotype of pgm was controlled by a recessive nuclear gene, designated as Brpgm. We applied BSR-Seq, linkage analysis, and whole-genome resequencing to map Brpgm and predicted that the target gene was BraA10g007770.3C (BrCAO), which encodes chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO). Brcao sequencing results showed that the last nucleotide of its first intron changed from G to A, causing the deletion of the first nucleotide in its second CDS and termination of the protein translation. The expression of BrCAO in pgm was upregulated, and the enzyme activity of CAO in pgm was significantly decreased. These results provide an approach to explore the function of BrCAO and create a pale green variation in Chinese cabbage.
Holistic processing of gaze cues during interocular suppression
Authors: Jackson Cooper D. , Seymour Kiley K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDirect eye contact is preferentially processed over averted gaze and has been shown to gain privileged access to conscious awareness during interocular suppression. This advantage might be driven by local features associated with direct gaze, such as the amount of visible sclera. Alternatively, a holistic representation of gaze direction, which depends on the integration of head and eye information, might drive the effects. Resolving this question is interesting because it speaks to whether the processing of higher-level social information in the visual system, such as facial characteristics that rely on holistic processing, is dependent on conscious awareness. The Wollaston Illusion is a visual illusion that allows researchers to manipulate perceived gaze direction while keeping local eye features constant. Here we used this illusion to elucidate the driving factor facilitating the direct gaze advantage during interocular suppression. Using continuous flash suppression, we rendered Wollaston faces with direct and averted gaze (initially) invisible. These faces conveyed different gaze directions but contained identical eye regions. Our results showed clear evidence for a direct gaze advantage with Wollaston faces, indicating that holistic representations of gaze direction may drive the direct gaze advantage during interocular suppression.
Parental segregation study reveals rare benign and likely benign variants in a Brazilian cohort of rare diseases
Authors: Quaio Caio Robledo D.’Angioli Costa , Ceroni Jose Ricardo Magliocco , Cervato Murilo Castro , Thurow Helena Strelow , Moreira Caroline Monaco , Trindade Ana Carolina Gomes , Furuzawa Cintia Reys , de Souza Rafaela Rogerio Floriano , Perazzio Sandro Felix , Dutra Aurelio Pimenta , Chung Christine Hsiaoyun , Kim Chong Ae 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGenomic studies may generate massive amounts of data, bringing interpretation challenges. Efforts for the differentiation of benign and pathogenic variants gain importance. In this article, we used segregation analysis and other molecular data to reclassify to benign or likely benign several rare clinically curated variants of autosomal dominant inheritance from a cohort of 500 Brazilian patients with rare diseases. This study included only symptomatic patients who had undergone molecular investigation with exome sequencing for suspected diseases of genetic etiology. Variants clinically suspected as the causative etiology and harbored by genes associated with highly-penetrant conditions of autosomal dominant inheritance underwent Sanger confirmation in the proband and inheritance pattern determination because a “de novo” event was expected. Among all 327 variants studied, 321 variants were inherited from asymptomatic parents. Considering segregation analysis, we have reclassified 51 rare variants as benign and 211 as likely benign. In our study, the inheritance of a highly penetrant variant expected to be de novo for pathogenicity assumption was considered as a non-segregation and, therefore, a key step for benign or likely benign classification. Studies like ours may help to identify rare benign variants and improve the correct interpretation of genetic findings.
Effects of endophytic fungi on parasitic process of Taxillus chinensis
Authors: Song Lisha , Pan Limei , Jiang Ni , Fu Jine , Wan Lingyun , Wei Shugen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTaxillus chinensis (DC.) Danser is an extensively used medicinal shrub in the traditional as well as modern systems of medicines. It is a perennial hemiparasitic plant, which is difficult to propagate artificially because of its low parasitic rate. Successful parasitism of parasitic plants is to fuse their tissues and connect their vasculature to the host vasculature building a physiological bridge, which can efficiently withdraw water, sugars and nutrients from their host plants. It is reported that endophytic fungi play an important role in cell wall degradation and fusion, which is the key forming process of the physiological bridge. Therefore, in this study, the endophytic fungi from T. chinensis of different hosts were isolated, and then the organisms that could degrade the main components of the cell walls were screened out using a medium consisting of guaihuol and cellulose degradation capacity. The results showed that five strains were screened out from 72 endophytic fungi of T. chinensis which with high enzyme activities for lignocellulosic degradation. The laccase and cellulase activities of five strains reached their peaks at day 7, and the highest enzyme activities of these two enzymes were found in strain P6, which was 117.66 and 1.66 U/mL, respectively. Manganese peroxidase of strain 4 and lignin peroxidase of strain N6 also reached their peaks at day 7 and were the highest among the 5 strains, with enzyme activities of 11.61 and 6.64 U/mL, respectively. Strains 4, 15, 31, N6 and P6 were identified as Colletotrichum sp., Nigerrospora sphaerica, Exserohilum sp., Diaporthe phaseolorum and Pestalotiopsis sp., respectively, according to their morphological and molecular biology properties. The endophytic fungi may secrete efficient cell wall degradation enzymes, which promote the dissolution and relaxation of the cell wall between T. chinensis and host, thus contributing to the parasitism of T. chinensis.
Supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry enables simultaneous measurement of all phosphoinositide regioisomers
Authors: Shimanaka Yuta , Matsumoto Keiko , Tanaka Yuki , Ishino Yuki , Ni Shenwei , Guan Jun-Lin , Arai Hiroyuki , Kono Nozomu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPhosphoinositide species, differing in phosphorylation at hydroxyls of the inositol head group, play roles in various cellular events. Despite the importance of phosphoinositides, simultaneous quantification of individual phosphoinositide species is difficult using conventional methods. Here we developed a supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry method that can quantify the molecular species of all seven phosphoinositide regioisomers. We used this method to analyze (1) profiles of phosphoinositide species in mouse tissues, (2) the effect of lysophosphatidylinositol acyltransferase 1-depletion on phosphoinositide acyl-chain composition in cultured cells, and (3) the molecular species of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate produced during the induction of autophagy. Although further improvement is needed for the absolute quantification of minor phosphoinositide regioisomers in biological samples, our method should clarify the physiological and pathological roles of phosphoinositide regioisomers at the molecular species level.
Bio‐tribological characterisation of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene against different metal counterparts
Authors: Xin Hua , Liang Haitao , Zhang Lei , Jia JunHong , Li Xiashuang , Jin Zhongmin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExcessive wear is a key issue affecting the performance of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)‐based artificial prosthesis. This work is focussed on the bio‐tribology behaviours of UHMWPE when mating with different metal counterparts (iron‐based 316L, Co‐based Stellite‐S21 and Stellite‐S22). According to the ASTM F732 standard, two million cycles comparative wear tests were carried out under bovine serum lubrication. When coupled with S21, S22, and 316L metal counterparts, the obtained average wear factors of UHMWPE were 1.333 ± 0.192, 1.360 ± 0.160, and 1.190 ± 0.177 × 10−6 mm3/N · m, respectively. Initial surface roughness of the metal counterpart has shown an important role in controlling the volume of UHMWPE wear, especially the first one million cycles. Compared with 316L, CoCrMo‐based counterparts possessed relative higher hardness and exhibited less rise in surface roughness caused by wear. For UHMWPE‐on‐metal bearings, random scratch, surface pit, and wear debris attachment were commonly seen, which suggested the coexistence of abrasion, third‐body abrasion, and adhesion‐based wear. In contrast, the metal counterpart was slightly scratched with no polymer transfer film formation. The work conducted in the present study gives useful knowledge regarding the UHMWPE‐on‐metal bearing design. With an intention to minimise wear, surface roughness of metal counterpart should be carefully controlled.
A new method to determine solar energetic particle anisotropies and their associated uncertainties demonstrated for STEREO/SEPT
Authors: Brüdern M. , Berger L. , Heber B. , Heidrich-Meisner V. , Klassen A. , Kollhoff A. , Kühl P. , Strauss R. D. , Wimmer-Schweingruber R. , Dresing N. 
Published: May 2022

Context. The shape of the pitch-angle distribution (PAD) of solar energetic particles (SEPs) can be used to infer information about their source and interplanetary transport. In modeling and observational studies of SEP events, these PADs are frequently applied to determine the anisotropy which is a proxy for the strength of the pitch-angle scattering during transport. For the determination of the PAD, derivation of the pitch angle of SEPs takes on a crucial role. For most instrument-sampled PADs, the particle’s pitch angle cannot be resolved directly but is usually approximated by considering the time-averaged in situ magnetic field direction, and the center viewing direction of the telescope. However, variations of the magnetic field, and the extent of the physical opening of the instrument lead to uncertainty on the determination of the pitch angle and therefore to uncertainty on the anisotropy and its interpretation.
Aims. In this work, we present a new method to determine a distribution of anisotropy values which allows us to estimate the corresponding uncertainty ranges. We apply our method to electron measurements by the Solar Electron and Proton Telescope on board each STEREO spacecraft.
Methods. We determined a distribution of anisotropy values by solving an inversion problem that takes into account the directional response of the instrument, the variation of the in situ magnetic field, and the stochastic nature of particle detection. Using 95% confidence intervals, we estimate the uncertainty on the anisotropy.
Results. The application of our method to a solar electron event observed by STEREO B on 14 August 2010 yields a maximum anisotropy of 1.9 with an uncertainty on the order of ±0.1. During the background period, the anisotropy shows strong fluctuations, and absolute uncertainties on the order of ±0.5 that are attributable to low counting statistics.
Update on Percutaneous Local Ablative Procedures for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Luerken Lukas , Haimerl Michael , Doppler Michael , Uller Wibke , Beyer Lukas Philipp , Stroszczynski Christian , Einspieler Ingo 
Published: May 2022

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common tumor worldwide. Because many hepatocellular carcinomas are already unresectable at the time of initial diagnosis, percutaneous tumor ablation has become established in recent decades as a curative therapeutic approach for very early (BCLC 0) and early (BCLC A) HCC. The aim of this paper is to provide a concise overview of the percutaneous local ablative procedures currently in use, based on their technical characteristics as well as clinical relevance, taking into account the current body of studies.
Materials and Methods The literature search included all original papers, reviews, and meta-analyses available via MEDLINE and Pubmed on the respective percutaneous ablation procedures; the primary focus was on randomized controlled trials and publications from the last 10 years.
Results and Conclusions Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) are well-established procedures that are considered equal to surgical resection in the treatment of stage BCLC 0 and A HCC with a diameter up to 3 cm due to their strong evidence in international and national guidelines. For tumors with a diameter between 3 and 5 cm, the current S3 guidelines recommend a combination of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and thermal ablation using RFA or MWA as combination therapy is superior to thermal ablation alone in tumors of this size and shows comparable results to surgical resection in terms of overall survival. Alternative, less frequently employed thermal procedures include cryotherapy (CT) and laser ablation (LA). Non-thermal procedures include irreversible electroporation (IRE), interstitial brachytherapy (IBT), and most recently, electrochemotherapy (ECT). Due to insufficient evidence, these have only been used in individual cases and within the framework of studies. However, the nonthermal methods are a reasonable alternative for ablation of tumors adjacent to large blood vessels and bile ducts because they cause significantly less damage to these structures than thermal ablation methods. With advances in the technology of the respective procedures, increasingly good evidence, and advancements in supportive techniques such as navigation devices and fusion imaging, percutaneous ablation procedures may expand their indications for the treatment of larger and more advanced tumors in the coming years.
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