bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the impact of elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor treatment on opinions regarding airway clearance techniques and nebulisers: TEMPO a qualitative study in children with cystic fibrosis, their families and healthcare professionals
Authors: Almulhem Maryam , Harnett Nuala , Graham Stephanie , Haq Iram , Visram Shelina , Ward Christopher , Brodlie Malcolm 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic condition caused by variants in thecystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that primarily impacts the lungs. Treatments historically have been symptomatic to improve airway clearance and treat infection. However, CFTR modulator drugs have recently been developed that target the underlying defect. The triple combination of elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ETI) was approved in 2020 in England for over 80% of people with CF aged over 12 years and in 2022 extended to those over 6 years. ETI treatment is associated with substantial improvements in lung function. The experience of children with CF starting on ETI or their views regarding future treatments have not been well studied. This study aimed to explore the opinions of children with CF, their parents/carers and healthcare professionals (HCPs) on the impact of ETI, airway clearance techniques (ACTs) and nebulised treatments.MethodsSemistructured qualitative interviews were performed with 10 children with CF, 7 parents/carers and 10 HCPs. Audio recordings were transcribed and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsFour main themes were identified: ‘Kaftrio changed my life’, ‘Your entire life is dictated by the CF timetable’, ‘Simplifying treatment-hopes and fears’ and ‘Kaftrio is a game-changer’ along with several subthemes and an overarching theme of ‘I still can’t get my head around how three tablets can do what Kaftrio done’.ConclusionsDespite the highly positive impact of ETI on the health of children with CF some concerns remain about the longer-term outcomes of reducing ACTs or nebulised treatments. ETI has prompted a shift in treatment for many and offers an opportunity to personalise approaches.
The ACORNS grading scale: a novel tool for the prediction of malignant brain edema after endovascular thrombectomy
Authors: Huang Xianjun , Chen Chu , Wang Huaiming , Cai Qiankun , Li Zibao , Xu Junfeng , Yuan Lili , Xu Xiangjun , Yang Qian , Zhou Zhiming , Liu Xinfeng 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundTo develop and validate a novel tool for predicting the development of malignant brain edema (MBE) in large vessel occlusion stroke patients after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT).MethodsWe used a prospectively registered population of EVT patients from three comprehensive stroke centers. The population was randomly divided into two subsets (7:3): a training cohort and an internal validation cohort. External validation was performed using the Endovascular Treatment for Acute Anterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke Registry in China (ACTUAL) database. MBE was defined as (1) hypodense parenchyma in at least 50% of the middle cerebral artery and signs of local brain swelling, and (2) a midline shift of ≥5 mm at the septum pellucidum or pineal gland with obliteration of the basal cisterns. The model was constructed using logistic regression analysis. The performance of the model was examined in terms of discrimination and calibration.ResultsAfter adjusting for other confounders, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT (ASPECT) scores, a clinical history of hypertension, collateral status, intravenous thrombolysis before thrombectomy, fasting blood glucose, reperfusion status, and occlusion site were found to be independent predictors of MBE. These variables were combined to create the ACORNS grading scale. The areas under the curve in receiver operating curve analysis were 0.850 (95% CI 0.816 to 0.884), 0.874 (95% CI 0.821 to 0.926), and 0.785 (95% CI 0.740 to 0.829) for the training, internal validation, and external validation cohorts, respectively, indicating good discriminative performance in the validation cohorts.ConclusionsThe ACORNS grading scale is an accurate and easily applicable model for the prediction of the development of MBE after EVT.
Magnitude of illicit cigarette trade in Malaysia: empirical evidence compared with industry studies
Authors: Bui Wency Kher Thinng , Ross Hana , Mohamed Nor Norashidah 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundThe tobacco industry contends that the illicit market in Malaysia occupies 62.3% of the total cigarette market. If this is true, Malaysia has one of the largest shares of illicit cigarettes in the world.MethodsThis study employs a rigorous gap analysis to measure the size of the illicit cigarette trade in Malaysia and compare it with the industry estimates.FindingsWe found that in 2019, the illicit cigarette market share ranged from 38.2% to 52.5%, depending on assumptions with respect to consumption under-reporting, which is substantially less than the industry estimates. We found that the size of the illicit cigarette market was not driven by higher excise tax: doubling the excise tax rate from RM0.20 to RM0.40 per stick in November 2015 resulted in only a slight increase in the illicit cigarette market share and no increase in the number of illicit cigarettes in the market.ConclusionsTherefore, a reduction in cigarette excise taxes, as suggested by the industry, will not solve the problem of illicit cigarette trade in Malaysia. Instead, the government should ratify the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control’s Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products and implement the strategies outlined in the protocol.
Impact of electronic cigarette and heated tobacco product on conventional smoking: an Italian prospective cohort study conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gallus Silvano , Stival Chiara , McKee Martin , Carreras Giulia , Gorini Giuseppe , Odone Anna , van den Brandt Piet A , Pacifici Roberta , Lugo Alessandra 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveDebate continues about whether electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and heated tobacco products (HTP) reduce or increase the probability of smoking, with many studies compromised by stated or unstated conflicts of interest. We undertook a longitudinal study in Italy.Methods3185 Italian participants aged 18–74 years provided baseline (April–May) and follow-up (November–December) responses in 2020, reporting smoking status and use of e-cigarettes and HTP. We tracked transitions over that period and reported risk ratios (RR) and corresponding 95% CIs for changes in smoking in relation to baseline use of e-cigarettes and HTPs.ResultsNever cigarette smokers who used e-cigarettes at baseline were much more likely to start smoking (compared with never users, RR 8.78; 95% CI: 5.65 to 13.65) and current HTP users (RR 5.80; 95% CI: 3.65 to 9.20). Among ex-smokers, relapse (17.2%) at follow-up was more likely among e-cigarette (RR 4.25; 95% CI: 2.40 to 7.52) and HTP users (RR 3.32; 95% CI: 2.05 to 5.37). Among current smokers at baseline, those who had continued smoking at follow-up were 85.4% overall. These were more frequently current novel product users (compared with non-users, RR 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.19 for e-cigarette users; RR 1.17; 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.23 for HTP users).ConclusionsBoth e-cigarette and HTP use predict starting smoking and relapse, and appear to reduce smoking cessation. Due to the limited sample size within specific strata, the association with quitting smoking should be confirmed by larger prospective studies. These findings do not support the use of e-cigarettes and HTPs in tobacco control as a consumer product, at least in Italy.
First direct limit on the 334 keV resonance strength in $$^{22}$$Ne($$\alpha $$,$$\gamma $$)$$^{26}$$Mg reaction
Authors: Piatti D. , Masha E. , Aliotta M. , Balibrea-Correa J. , Barile F. , Bemmerer D. , Best A. , Boeltzig A. , Broggini C. , Bruno C. G. , Caciolli A. , Cavanna F. , Chillery T. , Ciani G. F. , Compagnucci A. , Corvisiero P. , Csedreki L. , Davinson T. , Depalo R. , Leva A. di , Elekes Z. , Ferraro F. , Fiore E. M. , Formicola A. , Fülöp Zs. , Gervino G. , Guglielmetti A. , Gustavino C. , Gyürky Gy. , Imbriani G. , Junker M. , Lugaro M. , Marigo P. , Menegazzo R. , Mossa V. , Pantaleo F. R. , Paticchio V. , Perrino R. , Prati P. , Rapagnani D. , Schiavulli L. , Skowronski J. , Stöckel K. , Straniero O. , Szücs T. , Takács M. P. , Zavatarelli S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn stars, the fusion of $$^{22}$$

22

Ne and $$^4$$

4

He may produce either $$^{25}$$

25

Mg, with the emission of a neutron, or $$^{26}$$

26

Mg and a $$\gamma $$
γ
ray. At high temperature, the ($$\alpha ,n$$

α
,
n

) channel dominates, while at low temperature, it is energetically hampered. The rate of its competitor, the $$^{22}$$

22

Ne($$\alpha $$
α
,$$\gamma $$
γ
)$$^{26}$$

26

Mg reaction, and, hence, the minimum temperature for the ($$\alpha ,n$$

α
,
n

) dominance, are controlled by many nuclear resonances. The strengths of these resonances have hitherto been studied only indirectly. The present work aims to directly measure the total strength of the resonance at $$E_{\text {r}}$$

E
r

= 334 keV (corresponding to $$E_{\text {x}}$$

E
x

= 10949 keV in $$^{26}$$

26

Mg). The data reported here have been obtained using high intensity $$^4$$

4

He$$^+$$

+

beam from the INFN LUNA 400 kV underground accelerator, a windowless, recirculating, 99.9% isotopically enriched $$^{22}$$

22

Ne gas target, and a 4$$\pi $$
π
bismuth germanate summing $$\gamma $$
γ
-ray detector. The ultra-low background rate of less than 0.5 counts/day was determined using 63 days of no-beam data and 7 days of $$^4$$

4

He$$^+$$

+

beam on an inert argon target. The new high-sensitivity setup allowed to determine the first direct upper limit of 4.0$$\,\times \,$$

×

10$$^{-11}$$

-
11

eV (at 90% confidence level) for the resonance strength. Finally, the sensitivity of this setup paves the way to study further $$^{22}$$

22

Ne($$\alpha $$
α
,$$\gamma $$
γ
)$$^{26}$$

26

Mg resonances at higher energy.
Collisional Penrose process in Kerr–Taub–NUT spacetime
Authors: Zhou Chenyuan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMaximum efficiency of collisional Penrose process with spinning and non-spinning particles in Kerr–Taub–NUT spacetime has been studied. We consider three cases in detail: two massive particles collide near the horizon, one of the resulting massive particles escapes to infinity, and the other massive particle falls into the black hole; a massless particle collides with a massive particle, then the massless daughter particle escapes from the black hole to infinity, and the massive daughter particle falls into the black hole (Compton scattering); a massive particle collides with a massless particle, the massive daughter particle escapes from the black hole to infinity and the massless daughter particle falling into the horizon (inverse Compton scattering). We find that for these cases, regardless of whether particles are spinning or not, the maximum energy extraction efficiency of the collisional Penrose process always decreases as the NUT charge increases, and the energy extraction efficiency in the spinning case is always higher than that in the non-spinning case.
Minimal length, nuclear matter, and neutron stars
Authors: Prasetyo I. , Belfaqih I. H. , Wahidin A. B. , Suroso A. , Sulaksono A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we employ one variant of the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) model, i.e., the Kempf–Mangano–Mann (KMM) model, and discuss the impact of GUP on the EoS of nuclear and neutron star matter based on the relativistic mean field (RMF) model. We input the result in the Serrano–Liška (SL) gravity theory to discuss the corresponding Neutron Star (NS) properties. We have shown that the upper bound for the GUP parameter from nuclear matter properties is $$\beta \le 2\times 10^{-7}$$

β
≤
2
×

10

-
7

MeV$$^{-2}$$

-
2

. If we used this $$\beta $$
β
upper bound to calculate NS matter, and considering SL parameter $${\tilde{c}}$$

c
~

as an independent parameter, we have found that the upper bound for the SL parameter, which modifies the Einstein field equation, is $${\tilde{c}} \le 10^7$$

c
~

≤

10
7

m$$^2$$

2

. This beta upper bound is determined by considering the anisotropy magnitude smaller than the pressure magnitude. By employing $$\beta =2\times 10^{-7}$$

β
=
2
×

10

-
7

MeV$$^{-2}$$

-
2

and $${\tilde{c}} = 10^7$$

c
~

=

10
7

m$$^2$$

2

, we obtain the mass–radius relation that satisfies NICER data for both PSR J0740+6620 (whose mass is $$\sim 2.1M_\odot $$

∼
2.1

M
⊙

) and PSR J0030+0451 ($$M\sim 1.4M_\odot $$

M
∼
1.4

M
⊙

). Our GUP parameter upper bound perfectly matches the constraint from $$^{87}$$

87

Rb cold-atom-recoil experiment. If we consider that the same strength from the additional logarithmic term in the entropy from both GUP and SL model are dependent, for $$\beta < 2\times 10^{-7}$$

β
<
2
×

10

-
7

MeV$$^{-2}$$

-
2

, it is clear that SL parameter lower bound is $${\tilde{c}} > -16\times 10^{-34}$$

c
~

>
-
16
×

10

-
34

m$$^2$$

2

. The magnitude of this bound is $$10^{-40}$$

10

-
40

smaller than the upper bound magnitude of SL parameter considering as independent parameter i.e., $${\tilde{c}} \le 10^7$$

c
~

≤

10
7

m$$^2$$

2

.
Observational signatures of Schwarzschild-MOG black holes in scalar-tensor-vector gravity: shadows and rings with different accretions
Authors: Hu Shiyang , Deng Chen , Li Dan , Wu Xin , Liang Enwei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe study the influence of parameter$$\alpha $$αon the optical features of Schwarzschild-MOG black holes with different thin accretions in scalar-tensor-vector gravity. As$$\alpha $$αincreases from 0, the radii of the event horizon, photon sphere, and observed shadow increase in comparison with the Schwarzschild black hole. We constrain the parameter$$\alpha $$αwith the experimental data reported by the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration for M87$$^{*}$$∗and Sagittarius A$$^{*}$$∗. In the situation of spherical accretions, we unveil that the parameter$$\alpha $$αhas a positive effect on the shadow size but a negative effect on the observed specific intensities. Considering that the Schwarzschild-MOG black hole is surrounded by an optical and geometrically thin accretion disk, we find that the total observed specific intensities are mainly contributed by the direct emissions, while the photon rings and lensed rings provide small contributions. It is also found that with the increase of$$\alpha $$α, the black hole shadow expands, the photon rings and lensed rings become larger and thicker. Besides, we emphasize that the boundary of the observed shadow cast by the aim black hole in the disk accretion scenario is determined by the direct emissions rather than the photon ring emissions. Consequently, we unveil that there is a linear relationship involving the critical impact parameter and the starting point of the direct emissions. This finding helps to use the experimental results of the Event Horizon Telescope to infer the critical impact parameter and to test General Relativity.
High kinetic energy-ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry investigations of several volatiles and their fully deuterated analogues
Authors: Weiss Florentin , Eiceman Gary , Märk Tilmann D. , Mayhew Chris A. , Ruzsanyi Veronika , Schaefer Christoph , Zimmermann Stefan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe first High Kinetic Energy-Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry (HiKE-IMS-MS) studies involving six volatiles (acetone, acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, and 1-butanol) and their fully deuterated analogues are reported. The goal is to further our understanding of the ion–molecule chemistry occurring in the HiKE-IMS. This is needed for its full analytical potential to be reached. Product ions are identified as a function of the reduced electric field (30–115 Td) and the influence of sample air humidity in the reaction region on deuterium/hydrogen (D/H) exchange reactions is discussed. Reagent ions include H3O+(H2O)m (n = 0, 1, 2 or 3), NO+(H2O)n (m = 0 or 1) and O2+·. Reactions with H3O+(H2O)m lead to protonated monomers (through either proton transfer or ligand switching). Reactions with NO+ involve association with acetone and acetonitrile, hydride anion abstraction from ethanol, 2-propanol, and 1-butanol, and hydroxide abstraction from 2-propanol and 1-butanol. With the exception of acetonitrile, O2+· predominantly reacts with the volatiles via dissociative charge transfer. A number of sequential secondary ion-volatile processes occur leading to the formation of dimer and trimer-containing ion species, whose intensities depend on a volatile’s concentration and the reduced electric field in the reaction region. Deuterium/hydrogen (D/H) exchange does not occur for product ions from acetone-d6 and acetonitrile-d3, owing to their inert methyl functional groups. For the deuterated alcohols, rapid D/H-exchange reaction at the hydroxy group is observed, the amount of which increased with the increasing humidity of the sample air and/or lowering of the reduced electric field.
Graphical abstract
CD59-Regulated Ras Compartmentalization Orchestrates Antitumor T-cell Immunity
Authors: Li Luying , Ding Peipei , Lv Xinyue , Xie Suhong , Li Ling , Chen Jianfeng , Zhou Danlei , Wang Xiaochao , Wang Qi , Zhang Wei , Xu Yanqing , Lu Renquan , Hu Weiguo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractT cell–mediated immunotherapy represents a promising strategy for cancer treatment; however, it has achieved satisfactory clinical responses in only a limited population. Thus, a broader view of the T-cell immune response is required. The Ras/MAPK pathway operates in many important signaling cascades and regulates multiple cellular activities, including T-cell development, proliferation, and function. Herein, we found that the typical membrane-bound complement regulatory protein CD59 is located intracellularly in T cells and that the intracellular form is increased in the T cells of patients with cancer. When intracellular CD59 is abundant, it facilitates Ras transport to the inner plasma membrane via direct interaction; in contrast, when CD59 is insufficient or deficient, Ras is arrested in the Golgi, thus enhancing Ras/MAPK signaling and T-cell activation, proliferation, and function. mCd59ab deficiency almost completely abolished tumor growth and metastasis in tumor-bearing mice, in which CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly increased compared with their proportions in wild-type littermates, and their proportions were inversely correlated with tumor growth. Using bone marrow transplantation and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell depletion assays, we further demonstrated the critical roles of these cells in the potent antitumor activity induced by mCd59ab deficiency. Reducing CD59 expression also enhanced MAPK signaling and T-cell activation in human T cells. Therefore, the subcellular compartmentalization of Ras regulated by intracellular CD59 provides spatial selectivity for T-cell activation and a potential T cell–mediated immunotherapeutic strategy.
DKK1 Promotes Tumor Immune Evasion and Impedes Anti–PD-1 Treatment by Inducing Immunosuppressive Macrophages in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Shi Tao , Zhang Yipeng , Wang Yue , Song Xueru , Wang Hanbing , Zhou Xiaoyu , Liang Kaijie , Luo Yuting , Che Keying , Wang Xuan , Pan Yunfeng , Liu Fangcen , Yang Ju , Liu Qin , Yu Lixia , Liu Baorui , Wei Jia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) have key functions in promoting a suppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and immune evasion, which largely limit treatment effects of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in different cancers, including gastric cancer. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is associated with tumor progression and has been shown to negatively regulate antitumor immunity, but the impact of DKK1 on the TIME remains incompletely understood. Here, we found that tumoral DKK1 expression is closely associated with worse survival and a suppressive TIME in gastric cancer patients. Results from in vitro coculture assays suggested that DKK1 induces macrophages to become immunosuppressive, thereby inhibiting antitumor responses of CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. In vivo DKK1 blockade in syngeneic gastric cancer mouse models reprogramed TAMs to restore the immune activity in the TIME and triggered significant tumor regression. DKK1 blockade also directly reduced the growth of human gastric cancer tumors with high DKK1 expression in a xenograft model. Mechanistically, DKK1 interacted with cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4) on the macrophage surface and activated downstream PI3K–AKT signaling, which contributed to immune suppression. TAM reprogramming by DKK1 blockade also augmented the efficacy of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) blockade in gastric cancer models. Therefore, our study provides novel insights into the role of DKK1 on tumor-intrinsic, innate, and adaptive antitumor immunity modulation and suggests that DKK1 is a promising immunotherapeutic target for enhanced PD-1 blockade therapy in gastric cancer.
Arteriovenous Fistulae in Chronic Kidney Disease and the Heart: Physiological, Histological, and Transcriptomic Characterization of a Novel Rat Model
Authors: Van den Eynde Jef , Jacquemyn Xander , Cloet Nicolas , Noé Dries , Gillijns Hilde , Lox Marleen , Gsell Willy , Himmelreich Uwe , Luttun Aernout , McCutcheon Keir , Janssens Stefan , Oosterlinck Wouter 
Published: October 2022

Background
Arteriovenous fistulae (AVFs) are the gold standard for vascular access in those requiring hemodialysis but may put an extra hemodynamic stress on the cardiovascular system. The complex interactions between the heart, kidney, and AVFs remain incompletely understood.

Methods and Results
We characterized a novel rat model of five‐sixths partial nephrectomy (NX) and AVFs. NX induced increases in urea, creatinine, and hippuric acid. The addition of an AVF (AVF+NX) further increased urea and a number of uremic toxins such as trimethylamine N‐oxide and led to increases in cardiac index, left and right ventricular volumes, and right ventricular mass. Plasma levels of uremic toxins correlated well with ventricular morphology and function. Heart transcriptomes identified altered expression of 8 genes following NX and 894 genes following AVF+NX, whereas 290 and 1431 genes were altered in the kidney transcriptomes, respectively. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed gene expression changes related to cell division and immune activation in both organs, suppression of ribosomes and transcriptional activity in the heart, and altered renin‐angiotensin signaling as well as chronodisruption in the kidney. All except the latter were worsened in AVF+NX compared with NX.

Conclusions
Inflammation and organ dysfunction in chronic kidney disease are exacerbated following AVF creation. Furthermore, our study provides important information for the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the management of cardiorenal syndrome.
The Census “Crisis Episode” and the Chronicler’s Mythic Agenda in 1 Chronicles 21
Authors: Leuchter Mark 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The census narrative in 1 Chr 21 draws from the earlier version of the episode preserved in 2 Sam 24, which followed a mythological pattern we encounter in “crisis episodes” deriving from the monarchic era. The Chronicler introduces changes that not only depart from his source material on the literary level; they also break with the older mythological patterns found in earlier crisis episodes. These departures result from the influence of Persian imperial mythology on the Chronicler’s writing, with implications for the Chronicler’s own mythological agenda within his rendition of the census narrative and the chapters surrounding it.