bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient numerical solution of one‐phase linear inverse Stefan and Cauchy–Stefan problems in two dimensions: A posteriori error control
Authors: Nanda Phalguni , Reddy Gujji Murali Mohan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe efficient numerical solution of the one‐phase linear inverse Stefan and Cauchy–Stefan problems is a delicate task owing to the problems' susceptibility to the perturbation of the given data. In this context, heuristic a posteriori error indicators are constructed for such inverse problems with noisy data in two dimensions (2D). Given a fixed computational effort, the estimator controls the error due to discretization by the method of fundamental solution (MFS). It is accomplished through two mean‐driven double‐filtering algorithms. Numerical results substantiate the effectiveness of the algorithms.
Information‐Motivation‐Behavioural Skills Model‐based intervention effectively improved hygiene‐related self‐efficacy and practice among the primary caregivers of the under‐three indigenous children in Malaysia
Authors: Minhat Halimatus Sakdiah , Zakaria Liyanatul Najwa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPoor hygiene practice has been an ongoing issue among the Orang Asli community in Malaysia and is strongly linked to poor child growth and malnutrition. A theory‐based intervention was developed and implemented to improve the knowledge, attitude, self‐efficacy and practice related to hygiene among the primary caregivers of the under‐three Orang Asli children. A single blinded clustered randomized control trial was conducted involving random allocation of five government health clinics into intervention and control groups, using random block method. Using the Information‐Motivation‐Behaviour Skills (IMB) model, an intervention was developed and delivered in the form of health talks, video presentation, group counselling and guided practical sessions. Knowledge (information) and attitude (motivation) on hygiene, self‐efficacy (behavioural skills) towards practising good hygiene and hygiene practice were measured at baseline, 1 and 3 months follow‐up. A total of 166 participants were recruited for the study. The overall between groups comparison showed significant different between mean scores for self‐efficacy (MD = 1.22 [0.36, 2.10]) and hygiene practice (MD = 1.70 [0.47, 2.93]), with moderate effect size of 0.3 and 0.36 respectively. Self‐efficacy and hygiene practice had significant different in mean scores at 2 time points (at 1‐ and 3‐month post‐intervention) with the highest effect size is observed for practice at 1‐ month post‐intervention (ES = 0.74). Within the intervention group, significant improvement of knowledge (MD = 1.06 [0.49–1.63]), attitude (MD = 1.04 [−0.56, 2.65]) and hygiene practice (MD = 1.78 [0.04, 3.52]) mean scores were observed at 3‐month post‐intervention as compared to the baseline measurement. IMB‐based intervention was found to effectively improved self‐efficacy and practice related to hygiene among the primary caregivers of the Orang Asli children. However, the moderate effect size may reflect the needs to revise the intervention in order to increase its impact and transferability.
Evaluation of a Statistically Targeted Forcing Method for Synthetic Turbulence Generation in Scale-Resolving Simulations
Authors: Shobayo Olalekan O. , Walters D. Keith 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results are presented for synthetic turbulence generation by a proposed statistically targeted forcing (STF) method. The new method seeks to introduce a fluctuating velocity field with a distribution of first and second moments that approximate a user-specified target mean velocity and Reynolds stress tensor, by incorporating deterministic time-dependent forcing terms into the momentum equation for the resolved flow. The STF method is formulated to extend the applicability of previously documented methods and provide flexibility in regions where synthetic turbulence needs to be generated or sustained, for use in engineering level large eddy and hybrid large eddy/Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes CFD simulations. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of the proposed STF method in large-eddy simulation (LES) simulations of isotropic and anisotropic homogeneous turbulent flow test cases. Results are interrogated and compared to target statistical velocity and turbulent stress distributions and evaluated in terms of energy spectra. Analysis of the influence of STF model parameters, mesh resolution, and LES subgrid stress model on the results is investigated. Results show that the new method can successfully reproduce desired statistical distributions in a homogeneous turbulent flow.
Prognostic impact of depressive symptoms on all-cause mortality in individuals with abdominal aortic aneurysm and in the general population: a population-based prospective HUNT study in Norway
Authors: Nyrønning Linn Å , Hultgren Rebecka , Albrektsen Grethe , Mattsson Erney , Stenman Malin 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a potentially life-threatening disease but the high mortality rate is linked to high age and comorbidity pattern. Depression is associated with increased mortality in the general population and individuals with cardiovascular diseases, but this is sparsely studied for AAA. The aim was to examine the prognostic impact of depressive symptoms on all-cause mortality in individuals with AAA and compare with findings in a general population of the same age and risk profile.MethodsPopulation-based prospective study including 36 616 participants (52.1% women) from the Trøndelag Health Study in Norway. A total of 9428 individuals died during a median follow-up of 10 years at ages 60–90 years. Depressive symptoms were defined by a Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression score ≥8. Data on AAA diagnoses and death were obtained from medical records and national registers. HRs from Cox proportional hazard regression models are reported.ResultsA total of 4832 (13.2%) individuals reported depressive symptoms, whereas 583 (1.6%) AAAs were identified. The adjusted hazard of death was 2.66 times higher in persons with AAA compared with the general population (95% CI 2.39 to 2.97). Overall, there was no significant adverse effect of depressive symptoms in individuals with AAA (HR 1.15;95% CI 0.88 to 1.51), whereas an increased risk was seen in the general population (HR 1.23;95% CI 1.17 to 1.30).ConclusionThe overall risk of death was considerably higher in individuals with AAA compared with a general population of the same age and risk profile. Depressive symptoms did not significantly influence the risk of death in the AAA group.
Clinical assessment of pelvic floor and abdominal muscles 3 months post partum: an inter-rater reliability study
Authors: Vesting Sabine , Olsen Monika Fagevik , Gutke Annelie , Rembeck Gun , Larsson Maria E H 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesEvaluation of the inter-rater reliability of clinical assessment methods for pelvic floor muscles and diastasis recti abdominis post partum.DesignA multicentre inter-rater reliability study.SettingThree primary care rehabilitation centres in Sweden.ParticipantsA total of 222 participants were recruited via advertising at Swedish maternity care units and social media. Eligibility for participation included female gender, ≥18 years, at maximum 3 months after childbirth. Exclusion criteria were chronic pelvic girdle pain and/or low back pain and/or pelvic floor tear grade III/IV. At each centre, 2 physiotherapists, with training and experience in pelvic floor assessment, assessed the 222 women according to a standardised protocol in random order.Outcome measuresInter-rater reliability of the assessment of pelvic floor muscle function (involuntary and voluntary contraction and voluntary relaxation) and diastasis recti abdominis (width, depth and bulging).ResultsVaginal palpation of maximal voluntary contraction revealed a kappa value of 0.69 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.76). Assessments of involuntary contraction and voluntary relaxation yielded inconsistent results, with slight-to-moderate weighted kappa values ranging from 0.10 to 0.51. After 2 months of training in applying this method, diastasis recti abdominis width measured at the umbilicus by calliper yielded an intraclass correlation coefficient value of 0.83 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.87). Assessments of diastasis recti abdominis depth and bulging showed moderate kappa values, with reservation for some inconsistency between the centres.ConclusionsVaginal palpation of pelvic floor muscle strength is a reliable method for the postpartum muscle assessment. Additional research is needed to identify reliable assessment method for other pelvic floor muscle functions like involuntary contraction and voluntary relaxation. With some training, a calliper is a reliable instrument for measuring the postpartum diastasis recti abdominis width. This study provides novel thoughts about how to measure diastasis recti abdominis depth and bulging.Trial registration numberNCT03703804.
Protective and resilience factors to promote mental health among Indigenous youth in Canada: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Carrier Leah , Shin Hwayeon Danielle , Rothfus Melissa A , Curran Janet A 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionMany mental health concerns emerge in adolescence and young adulthood, making this a critical period to initiate early interventions for mental health promotion and illness prevention. Although Indigenous young people in Canada are at a higher risk of mental health outcomes and faced with limited access to appropriate care and resources, they have unique strengths and resilience that promote mental health and wellness. Furthermore, resilience has been described as a ‘healing journey’ by Indigenous peoples, and interventions that account for the culture of these groups show promise in promoting mental health and wellness. As such, there is a need for innovative mental health interventions for Indigenous youth that transcend the Western biomedical model, use a strengths-based approach, and account for the cultural practices and belief systems of Indigenous peoples. This scoping review aims to explore the resilience and protective factors that promote mental health and wellness for Indigenous youth in present-day Canada with the aim of compiling and summarising the available literature on this topic to date.Methods and analysisThe review will follow Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for conducting scoping reviews. The reporting will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist and guidelines. We will include both published and unpublished grey literature and search the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Education Resources Information Center, Embase and Scopus. The search of all databases was conducted on 26 August 2021. Further, we will use government and relevant Indigenous organisation websites. Two reviewers will independently screen and select the articles and extract the data.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required for this study. We will share the results through conference presentations and an open-access publication in a peer-reviewed journal. A lay-language report will be created and disseminated to community organisations that work with Indigenous youth.
Prevalence and forms of gender discrimination and sexual harassment among medical students and physicians in French-speaking Switzerland: a survey
Authors: Najjar Iris , Socquet Jennifer , Gayet-Ageron Angele , Ricou Bara , Le Breton Julien , Rossel Anne , Abdulcadir Jasmine , Soroken Cindy , Tessitore Elena , Gerstel Caroline , Halimi Julie , Frasca Polara Giulia , Coen Matteo , Niyibizi Eva 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and forms of gender discrimination and sexual harassment experienced by medical students and physicians in French-speaking part of Switzerland.Design and settingWe conducted an online survey using a questionnaire of 9 multiple-choice and 2 open questions between 24 January 2019 and 24 February 2019. Our target population was medical students and physicians working at hospitals and general practitioners from the French-speaking part of Switzerland. The online survey was sent via social media platforms and direct emails. We compared answers between male-determined and female-determined respondents using either χ2 or Fisher’s exact tests.ResultsAmong 1071 responders, a total of 893 were included (625 females, 264 males, 4 non-binary and 1 non-binary and male). 178 were excluded because they did not mention their working place or were working only outside Switzerland. Because of the small number of non-binary participants, they were not contemplated in further statistical analysis. Of 889 participants left, 199 (31.8%) women and 18 (6.8%) men reported having personally experienced gender discrimination, in terms of sexism, difficulties in career development and psychological pressure. Among women, senior attendings were the most affected (55.2%), followed by residents (44.1%) and junior attendings (41.1%). Sexual harassment was equally observed among women (19.0%) and men (16.7%). Compared with men (47.0%), women (61.4%) expressed the need to promote equality and inclusivity in medicine more frequently (p<0.001), as well as the need for support in their professional development (38.7% women and 23.9% men; p<0.001).ConclusionsGender discrimination in medicine in French-speaking Switzerland affects one-third of women, in particular, those working in hospital settings and senior positions.
Multisite, mixed methods study to validate 10 maternal health system and policy indicators in Argentina, Ghana and India: a research protocol
Authors: Jolivet R Rima , Gausman Jewel , Adanu Richard , Bandoh Delia , Belizan Maria , Berrueta Mabel , Chakraborty Suchandrima , Kenu Ernest , Khan Nizamuddin , Odikro Magdalene , Pingray Veronica , Ramesh Sowmya , Saggurti Niranjan , Vázquez Paula , Langer Ana 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionMost efforts to assess maternal health indicator validity focus on measures of service coverage. Fewer measures focus on the upstream enabling environment, and such measures are typically not research validated. Thus, methods for validating system and policy-level indicators are not well described. This protocol describes original multicountry research to be conducted in Argentina, Ghana and India, to validate 10 indicators from the monitoring framework for the ‘Strategies toward Ending Preventable Maternal Mortality’ (EPMM). The overall aim is to improve capacity to drive and track progress towards achieving the priority recommendations in the EPMM strategies. This work is expected to contribute new knowledge on validation methodology and reveal important information about the indicators under study and the phenomena they target for monitoring. Validating the indicators in three diverse settings will explore the external validity of results.Methods and analysisThis observational study explores the validity of 10 indicators from the EPMM monitoring framework via seven discrete validation exercises that will use mixed methods: (1) cross-sectional review of policy data, (2) retrospective review of facility-level patient and administrative data and (3) collection of primary quantitative and qualitative cross-sectional data from health service providers and clients. There is a specific methodological approach and analytic plan for each indicator, directed by unique, relevant validation research questions.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol was approved by the Office of Human Research Administration at Harvard University in November 2019. Individual study sites received approval via local institutional review boards by January 2020 except La Pampa, Argentina, approved June 2020. Our dissemination plan enables unrestricted access and reuse of all published research, including data sets. We expect to publish at least one peer-reviewed publication per validation exercise. We will disseminate results at conferences and engage local stakeholders in dissemination activities in each study country.
What prevents pregnant women from adhering to the continuum of maternal care? Evidence on interrelated mechanisms from a cohort study in Kenya
Authors: Aksünger Nursena , De Sanctis Teresa , Waiyaiya Emma , van Doeveren Rianne , van der Graaf Mark , Janssens Wendy 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTo examine the determinants of the continuum of maternal care from an integrated perspective, focusing on how key components of an adequate journey are interrelated.DesignA facility-based prospective cohort study.Setting25 health facilities across three counties of Kenya: Nairobi, Kisumu and Kakamega.ParticipantsA total of 5 879 low-income pregnant women aged 13–49 years.Outcome measuresOrdinary least squares, Poisson and logistic regression models were employed, to predict three key determinants of the continuum of maternal care: (i) the week of enrolment at the clinic for antenatal care (ANC), (ii) the total number of ANC visits and (iii) utilisation of skilled birth attendance (SBA). The interrelationship between the three outcome variables was assessed with structural equation modeling.ResultsEach week of delayed enrolment in ANC reduced the number of ANC visits by 3% (incidence rate ratio=0.967, 95% CI 0.965 to 0.969). A higher number of ANC visits increased the relative probability of using SBA (odds ratio=1.28, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.34). The direct association between late enrolment and SBA was positive (odds ratio=1.033, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.04). Predisposing factors (age, household head’s education), enabling factors (wealth, shorter distance, rural area) and need factors (risk level of pregnancy, multigravida) were positively associated with adherence to ANC.ConclusionThe results point towards a domino-effect and underscore the importance of enhancing the full continuum of maternal care. A larger number of ANC visits increases SBA, while early initiation of the care journey increases the number of ANC visits, thereby indirectly supporting SBA as well. These beneficial pathways counteract the direct link between enrolment and SBA, which is partly driven by pregnant teenagers who both enrol late and are at heightened risk of complications, stressing the need for specific attention to this vulnerable population.
Quality of life in Chinese children with developmental dyslexia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zou Li , Zhu Kaiheng , Jiang Qi , Xiao Pei , Wu Xiaoqian , Zhu Bing , Song Ranran 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesOur study aimed to compare the quality of life (QoL) between Chinese developmental dyslexia (DD) and healthy children.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThe participants were recruited from grades 3–6 in six primary schools in Tianmen, a city of Hubei Province, China.ParticipantsA total of 5679 students were recruited. After excluding children with visual and auditory dysfunction or psychiatric diseases or with a response rate on the scales or questionnaires of less than 90%, 5352 children were finally included in the analysis. DD children were diagnosed according to their clinical symptoms, which were mainly assessed by the Dyslexia Checklist for Chinese Children and the Pupil Rating Scale Revised Screening for Learning Disabilities.Outcome measuresThe QoL for DD and healthy children was appraised by the Quality of Life Scale for Children and Adolescents (QLSCA). Outcome measures included its four domain scores (psychosocial function, physiological and mental health, living environment and satisfaction with QoL) and total score.ResultsA total of 186 children were diagnosed with DD. The distribution of DD children in five levels of QoL was statistically different from that of healthy children (χ2=57.63, p<0.001). Compared with healthy children, the proportion of poor or worse QoL in DD was higher, and the proportion of moderate, better or good QoL was lower. The total QLSCA score in DD children was 3.475 lower than that in healthy children (B=−3.475, p=0.006). Psychosocial function, physiological and mental health, living environment and satisfaction with QoL of DD children were also inferior to those of healthy children.ConclusionThe QoL of DD was significantly lower than that of healthy children, prompting more public efforts to improve DD QoL.
Telehealth voice assessment by speech language pathologists during a global pandemic using principles of a primary contact model: an observational cohort study protocol
Authors: Payten Christopher L , Nguyen Duy Duong , Novakovic Daniel , O’Neill John , Chacon Antonia M , Weir Kelly A , Madill Catherine J 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionSARS-CoV-2, a highly contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome, has spread to most countries in the world and resulted in a change to practice patterns for the assessment and diagnosis of people with voice disorders. Many services are transitioning to telehealth models to maintain physical distancing measures and conserve personal protective equipment used by healthcare workers during laryngoscopy examinations. The speech–language pathology primary contact (SLPPC) assessment for patients referred to ear, nose and throat (ENT) services in Australia has been shown to reduce waiting times for assessment while streamlining access to ENT assessment and allied health practitioner treatment pathways.Methods and analysisA prospective observational cohort study will see patients in a newly developed telehealth model which uses the principles from a usual care SLPPC assessment protocol. Participants will be offered an initial telehealth assessment (speech–language pathology primary contact telehealth (SLPPC-T)) prior to being prioritised for a face-to-face laryngoscopy assessment to complete the diagnostic process. The telehealth assessment will collect sociodemographic information, personal and family medical history, key symptoms, onset and variability of symptoms, red-flag signs or symptoms for laryngeal malignancy, and clinical voice assessment data for auditory–perceptual and acoustic analysis. The study outcomes include (1) association of signs, symptoms and specific voice measures collected during SLPPC-T with voice disorder classification provided after laryngoscopy; (2) degree of concordance between voice disorder classification after SLPPC-T and after laryngoscopy; (3) health service and patient-related costs and health outcomes of the SLPPC-T; (4) patient and stakeholder views and beliefs about the SLPPC-T process.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted prior to commencement of the study enrolment by the Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service Human Research Ethics Committee (reference number HREC/2020/QGC/62832). Results will be shared through the publication of articles in peer-reviewed medical journals and presentation at national and international scientific meetings.Trial registration numberACTRN12621000427875.