bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adipose tissue measurement in clinical research for obesity, type 2 diabetes and NAFLD/NASH
Authors: Vilalta Adrian , Gutiérrez Julio A. , Chaves SuZanne , Hernández Moisés , Urbina Silvia , Hompesch Marcus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionExcess body fat is linked to higher risks for metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular disease (CV), among other health conditions. However, it is not only the level but also the distribution of body fat that contributes to increased disease risks. For example, an increased level of abdominal fat, or visceral adipose tissue (VAT), is associated with a higher risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).MethodsA review of the most relevant primary and secondary sources on body composition from the last 25 years was conducted. Relevant articles were identified using PUBMED and Google Scholar. Narrative synthesis was performed as statistical pooling was not possible due to the heterogeneous nature of the studies.ResultsThe body mass index (BMI) is commonly used as a proxy measure of body fatness. However, BMI does not reflect the level and distribution of body fat. Other anthropometric methods such as waist circumference measurement and waist‐hip ratio, as well as methodologies like hydro densitometry, bioelectrical impedance, and isotope dilution are also limited in their ability to determine body fat distribution.Imaging techniques to define body composition have greatly improved performance over traditional approaches. Ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are now commonly used in clinical research. Of these, MRI can provide the most accurate and high‐resolution measure of body composition. In addition, MRI techniques are considered the best for the determination of fat at the organ level. On the other hand, imaging modalities require specialized, often expensive equipment and expert operation.ConclusionsAnthropometric methods are suitable for rapid, high‐volume screening of subjects but do not provide information on body fat distribution. Imaging techniques are more accurate but are expensive and do not lend themselves for high throughput. Therefore, successful trial strategies require a tiered approach in which subjects are first screened using anthropometric methods followed by more sophisticated modalities during the execution of the trial.This article provides a brief description of the most clinically relevant adipose tissue measurement techniques and discusses their value in obesity, diabetes, and NAFLD/NASH clinical research.
Negative emotion‐related eating behaviours in young women with underweight status, overweight status, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa in Korea
Authors: An Zhen , Kim Kyung Hee , Kim Mirihae , Kim Youl‐Ri 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed at investigating the negative emotion‐related eating behaviours of young women with extreme weights or eating disorders (EDs).MethodA total of 808 young women participated including 144 with underweight (UW), 364 with normal‐weight (NW) and 137 with overweight (OW; including 27 with obesity) from universities, and 63 patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), and 100 patients with bulimia nervosa (BN) from a hospital. Participants were interviewed and completed questionnaires on eating behaviours related to negative emotions.ResultsWhile both OW and BN groups ate more in response to negative emotions, UW and AN groups ate less compared to NW group. Negative feelings after overeating were prominent in OW group and patients with ED. In negative emotions, patients with EDs preferred sweet tastes, but BN group preferred spicy tastes less. Patients with EDs had increased external eating, and BN group also showed increased restrained eating. Neuroticism had indirect impacts on OW status via emotional eating unlike BN.ConclusionsThe results suggest that UW and OW status were on the spectrum of emotional eating, and AN and BN were on the extremes of external eating, which may be integrated into the development of interventions targeting each status.
Associations between childhood autistic traits and adolescent eating disorder behaviours are partially mediated by fussy eating
Authors: Carter Leno Virginia , Micali Nadia , Bryant‐Waugh Rachel , Herle Moritz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivePrevious literature shows an increased risk for eating disorders in autistic individuals. This study tested whether fussy eating contributes to the association between childhood autistic traits and adolescent eating disorder behaviours.MethodUsing data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, we estimated the intercept and slope of parent‐rated autistic traits and fussy eating between 7 and 14 years (N = 8982) and their association with self‐reported eating disorder behaviours at age 14 years, including the indirect path from autistic traits to eating disorder behaviours via fussy eating. Analyses were adjusted for child sex, maternal age at delivery, maternal body mass index and maternal education.ResultsAnalyses found a small indirect pathway from autistic traits intercept to eating disorder behaviours via fussy eating slope (b = 0.017, 95% CI = 0.002–0.032, p = 0.026), with higher levels of autistic traits at age 7 years being associated with a shallower decline in fussy eating, which in turn was associated with greater eating disorder behaviours.ConclusionFindings point towards fussy eating as a potential link between childhood autistic traits and later disordered eating. Addressing fussy eating patterns before they become entrenched may decrease risk for eating disorders later in development.
Examining the determinants of electricity consumption in the nine South African provinces: A panel data application
Authors: Sehlapelo Tebogo , Inglesi‐Lotz Roula 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSouth Africa has been experiencing a series of power cuts since 2008 due to the state‐owned electricity distributor's (Eskom) insufficient power generation capacity. The ongoing energy crisis has negatively impacted the growth and development of the South African economy. Therefore, it is imperative to have an insight into what explains electricity demand in an attempt to address issues facing the energy sector and electricity access at the provincial level. The study's main objective is to examine the determinants of electricity demand in the nine South African provinces from 1995 to 2019 to highlight regional intervention and policy implementation potential. The empirical examination was carried out through two‐panel estimation techniques, namely Fixed Effects and the Pooled Mean Group, to account for time‐invariant unobservable individual aspects that can be associated with the observed explanatory variables and to provide both short‐ and long‐run coefficients thus allowing the intercept, the slope coefficients and the regression for electricity demand to be province‐specific in the short‐run. The results demonstrate the importance of examining the demand for electricity at the provincial level and providing critical province‐specific developments that can potentially influence economic growth.
Development of nano‐enhanced phase change materials using manganese dioxide nanoparticles obtained through green synthesis
Authors: Anand Abhishek , Srivastava Vartika , Singh Shailendra , Shukla Amritanshu , Choubey Abhay Kumar , Sharma Atul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe current paper summarizes the development of nano‐enhanced phase change materials (NPCMs) using capric acid (CA) and manganese dioxide (α‐MnO2) nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were obtained by the green synthesis technique using the leaves of Ficus retusa plant. The obtained nanoparticles were used in 1%, 2%, and 3% weight fractions in the nano‐formulations. The field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was employed to confirm the morphological structure and energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy was used for the elemental analysis of the synthesized nanoparticles. The crystallographic studies were done using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. The Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy results showed that the insertion of nanoparticles did not disturb the chemical configuration of CA. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed that the developed nanocomposites had excellent thermal energy storage capability that lay within the range of 145–164 kJ/kg. Five hundred extended thermal cycles were carried out which showed that the developed PCM had excellent thermal reliability and can be useful for a year‐long application. The variations reported with 1% nano‐formulation was −1.43% to +0.53%, −0.03% to +1.52%, and −6.67% to 9.94% with respect to onset, peak melting temperature, and latent heat of fusion. The thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that developed PCMs were stable within the working temperature range. The melting/solidification curve showed faster heat storage and release rates owing to the increased thermal conductivity. These developed PCMs are useful for photovoltaic/thermal and building applications.
Mind mapping in qualitative data analysis: Managing interview data in interdisciplinary and multi‐sited research projects
Authors: Fearnley Carina J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTypically, interviews are transcribed to enable coding and analysis of the data to establish the research findings. However, where discourse is not central, this article argues that mind mapping is a valuable tool to identify relationships and differences across large datasets. This is particularly useful for large‐scale research projects that may also be interdisciplinary and/or multi‐sited where the ability to transcribe and analyse audio‐recordings is often a time‐intensive process for the researcher and costly if outsourced. Additionally, there are challenges to analysing vast amounts of text into something meaningful. This article first reviews what mind maps are, and how they work. Second it explores the value of mind maps in qualitative data collection and analysis, particularly in the role of transcription. Third, using research conducted on volcano alert level systems, a methodology using mind maps to analyse interview recording is established. Fourth, the pros and cons of mind maps and potential application in other qualitative research methods and in different academic fields is discussed. Findings demonstrate that mind maps can be highly time beneficial providing a close and intimate reading of the data and enabling the researcher to make sense of the emerging themes, particularly for large data sets typically collected through multi‐sited research, or smaller research projects with limited resources.
Effects of left and right medial temporal lobe resections on hemodynamic correlates of negative and neutral scene processing
Authors: Reisch Lea Marie , Wegrzyn Martin , Mielke Malena , Mehlmann Alexandra , Woermann Friedrich G. , Kissler Johanna , Bien Christian G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEnhanced visual cortex activation by negative compared to neutral stimuli is often attributed to modulating feedback from the amygdala, but evidence from lesion studies is scarce, particularly regarding differential effects of left and right amygdala lesions. Therefore, we compared visual cortex activation by negative and neutral complex scenes in an event‐related fMRI study between 40 patients with unilateral temporal lobe resection (TLR; 19 left [lTLR], 21 right [rTLR]), including the amygdala, and 20 healthy controls. We found preserved hemodynamic emotion modulation of visual cortex in rTLR patients and only subtle reductions in lTLR patients. In contrast, rTLR patients showed a significant decrease in visual cortex activation irrespective of picture content. In line with this, healthy controls showed small emotional modulation of the left amygdala only, while their right amygdala was activated equally by negative and neutral pictures. Correlations of activation in amygdala and visual cortex were observed for both negative and neutral pictures in the controls. In both patient groups, this relationship was attenuated ipsilateral to the TLR. Our results support the notion of reentrant mechanisms between amygdala and visual cortex and suggest laterality differences in their emotion‐specificity. While right medial temporal lobe structures including the amygdala seem to influence visual processing in general, the left medial temporal lobe appears to contribute specifically to emotion processing. Still, effects of left TLR on visual emotion processing were relatively subtle. Therefore, hemodynamic correlates of visual emotion processing are likely supported by a distributed cerebral network, challenging an amygdalocentric view of emotion processing.
Triple apheresis platelet concentrate quality after pneumatic tube system, conveyor box, and courier transport: An observational study
Authors: Reichert Lena , Wallner Stefan , Burkhardt Ralph , Offner Robert , Ahrens Norbert , Hähnel Viola 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsPlatelets are prone to activation from handling; they are therefore transported as gently as possible, most commonly by courier. Speedier methods like pneumatic tube system (PTS) transport could improve patient care but may subject platelets to mechanical stress. To test the impact of mechanical stress caused by transport, we compared a PTS with a conveyor box and courier transport on apheresis platelet function.MethodsFourteen apheresis platelet concentrate triple donations were analyzed by light transmission aggregometry (LTA), rotational thrombelastometry (ROTEM), and flow cytometry before and after indoor transport over 800 m by PTS, conveyor, and courier, respectively, while recording shocks and vibrations with a high‐frequency acceleration data logger. Shock index scores were calculated as shock intensity (g‐force) times frequency.ResultsThe shock index was 81 for courier, 6279 for conveyor, and 9075 for PTS. Flow cytometry revealed no significant difference in platelet surface expression of CD62p before (16%) and after transport via courier (15%), conveyor (14%), or PTS (16%). LTA with adenosine phosphate and thrombin receptor‐activating peptide‐6 resulted in comparable platelet aggregation for courier, conveyor, and PTS. ROTEM assays showed no relevant differences in coagulation time, clot formation time, and maximum clot firmness between transport modes.ConclusionThough the mechanical challenge was smallest with courier transport, there were no significant differences in platelet activation or aggregation between the three transport modes. These data contradict restrictions on the use of PTSs for platelet concentrate transport.
Bacterial taxa predictive of hyperpigmented skins
Authors: Zanchetta Catherine , Vilanova David , Jarrin Cyrille , Scandolera Amandine , Chapuis Emilie , Auriol Daniel , Robe Patrick , Dupont Joran , Lapierre Laura , Reynaud Romain 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsDark spots, brown spots, or hyperpigmented spots (HPS) are oval or irregular brown areas of skin. Their emergence is associated with dysregulation of the immune system, and may also be caused by a deficiency in stromal cell‐derived factor‐1, leading to perturbed melanogenesis and accumulation of melanosomes within neighboring keratinocytes. The skin microbiota (living microorganisms present on the surface of the skin) is known to play essential roles in maintaining skin homeostasis and in regulating the immune system. Here, we investigated whether the microbiota could play a role in the emergence of HPS.MethodsThe clinical study involved 38 European women, selected from among 74 volunteers. Participants were divided into two groups depending on the spot areas measured on their faces. The study was designed to avoid conflicting factors: both groups presented similar skin pH, hydration, transepidermal water loss, and sebum levels. The two cohorts were also age‐matched, with a mean of 29‐years‐old for both.ResultsAlpha‐diversity of the microbiota was similar for the two groups. On skins with more HPS, seven bacterial genera were identified in significantly higher proportions and included opportunistic pathogens and inflammatory bacteria. Six bacterial genera, including bacteria showing antioxidant and anti‐UV properties, were identified in significantly higher proportions on less spotted skins. Cross‐domain association networks revealed distinct co‐occurrences of genera between the two groups, suggesting nonidentical community structures and exchanges, depending on the HPS status.ConclusionOur results reveal specific microbiota composition and networks on skins based on HPS status. Changes could alter communication with the immune system, leading to the emergence of dark spots. As an essential part of the overall skin ecosystem, and through its interaction with the skin matrix, the skin microbiota and its maintenance could be considered a new target for skincare applications.
Developing clinical reasoning: An introduction for pharmacy preceptors
Authors: Smith Kathryn J. , Childs‐Kean Lindsey M. , Smith Mary Douglass 
Published: April 2022

AbstractClinical reasoning is the thinking and decision‐making process undertaken to solve and manage a clinical problem. This process differs from problem solving or critical thinking and refers to the process of identifying drug therapy problems and optimizing therapeutic options. While clinical reasoning is a professional expectation of pharmacists in practice, pharmacy preceptors may find it difficult to teach and assess the complexity and nuances of clinical reasoning. The purpose of this guide is to briefly review clinical reasoning processes in pharmacy practice and to summarize practical strategies for preceptors to implement with their learners to promote the development of clinical reasoning.
Age‐related differences in self‐reported disgust toward core disgust, sex‐related, and food stimuli
Authors: Oosterwijk T. A. (Tamara) , Borg C. (Charmaine) , van Dijk M. W. G. (Marijn) 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionWhile disgust is functional in preventing contagion from pathogens, it also plays a role in various psychopathologies. Disgust responses toward dirt, bodily secretions, certain types of food, and sexual stimuli typically emerge during (early) childhood. However, there is a lack of research on how disgust develops. This cross‐sectional study investigated whether there are age‐related differences in subjective, self‐reported disgust between early and late adolescence and whether there are differences for distinctive types of disgust (core‐disgust, sex‐related, food‐related).MethodsUsing an online survey, 240 Dutch children (116 female, 124 male) aged 9 through 16 years rated the extent to which they found the different types of stimuli disgusting or not on a VAS scale.Results and ConclusionsThe results showed that only the disgust responses to sex‐related stimuli decreased with age, whereas disgust toward the other categories did not show any age‐related differences. Overall girls reported somewhat higher disgust ratings than boys for sex‐related stimuli, but not for the other categories. The present study offers important new angles for future research, which might further disentangle the mechanisms through which the changes occur.
Size‐adjustable ring‐shape photoacoustic tomography imager in vivo
Authors: Jiang Daohuai , Xu Yifei , Lan Hengrong , Shen Yuting , Zhang Yifan , Gao Feng , Liu Li , Gao Fei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhotoacoustic tomography (PAT) has become a novel biomedical imaging modality for scientific research and clinical diagnosis. It combines the advantages of spectroscopic optical absorption contrast and acoustic resolution with deep penetration. In this article, an imaging size‐adjustable PAT system is proposed for potential clinical applications such as breast cancer detection and screening, which can adapt to imaging targets with various sizes. Comparing with the conventional PAT setup with a fixed radius ring shape ultrasound transducer (UT) array, the proposed system is more flexible for imaging diverse size targets based on sectorial ultrasound transducer arrays (SUTAs). Four SUTAs form a 128‐channel UT array for photoacoustic detection, where each SUTA has 32 elements. Such four SUTAs are controlled by four stepper motors, respectively, and can change their distribution layout position to adapt for various imaging applications. In this proposed system, the radius of the imaging region of interest (ROI) can be adjusted from 50 to 100 mm, which is much more flexible than the conventional PAT system with a full ring UT array. The simulation experiments using the MATLAB k‐wave toolbox demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system. To further validate the proposed system, imaging of pencil leads made phantom, ex‐vivo pork breast with indocyanine green (ICG) injected, and in‐vivo human wrist, finger and ankle are conducted to prove its feasibility for potential clinical applications.
Daily associations of interpersonal and emotional experiences following stressful events among young adults with and without nonsuicidal self‐injury
Authors: Berghoff Christopher R. , Dixon‐Gordon Katherine L. , Chapman Alexander L. , Baer Margaret M. , Turner Brianna J. , Tull Matthew T. , Gratz Kim L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesEmotional and interpersonal dysfunction appears central to nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI), yet research examining the interplay of these factors among individuals with NSSI is limited. This study aimed to specify such associations before and after daily stressful events among individuals with (vs. without) NSSI.MethodsYoung adult participants (Mage = 20.4) with past‐year (n = 56) or no history (n = 47) of NSSI completed daily diary assessments over a 2‐week period.ResultsNo differences in rates of positive or negative interpersonal experiences before or after stressful events were identified. NSSI participants, however, reported greater negative emotion following stressful events compared with non‐NSSI participants. The presence (vs. absence) of a positive interpersonal experience following a stressful event was related to lower negative emotional responses only in the NSSI group.ConclusionPositive interpersonal experiences may downregulate negative emotions following stressful events among individuals with NSSI, highlighting the potential relevance of interpersonal emotion regulation to this population.