bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulated keratometry and central corneal thickness measured in cats by autokeratometer, ultrasonic pachymeter, and Galilei G6™
Authors: de Andrade Ramos Leticia , Seullner Brandão Cláudia Valéria , Arce Carlos Guillermo , Micheline Laura , Gordon Gandolfi Micaella , Padovani Carlos Roberto 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aims of this study were to compare the central corneal thickness (CCT) measured by an ultrasonic pachymeter (SP‐100, Tomey, Japão) versus the Galilei G6™ (Ziemer Ophthalmics System AG, Port, Switzerland) and to compare the simulated keratometry (SimK) measured by an autokeratometer (KM 500 Nidek) versus the Galilei G6™.Animal studiedEighteen mixed‐breed cats, 10 males, and eight females, aged between 18 and 48 months, were evaluated (n = 36 eyes).Procedure(S)The cats were manually restrained using a blanket. The operator held the autokeratometer close to the eye and measured the SimK. Next, one anesthetic eye drop was applied; the operator lightly touched the corneal using the ultrasound pachymeter and measured the CCT. At another moment, the cats were sedated using meperidine and xylazine and then evaluated using the Galilei. Student'st‐test was employed to perform the statistical analyzes.ResultsConsidering the CCT, the ultrasound pachymeter provided mean ± SD of 623.03 ± 48.17 μm and the Galilei 617.34 ± 53.38 μm. The autokeratometer produced a SimK of 38.20 ± 0.84D (8.84 ± 0.20 mm) and the Galilei 38.37 ± 0.83D (8.80 ± 0.19 mm). The CCT and SimK did not differ statistically regardless of the device used.ConclusionTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first work to compare the CCT measured by the Galilei versus the ultrasonic pachymeter and to compare the SimK measured by the Galilei versus the keratometer in cats. No statistical difference was found considering the CCT and the SimK measured by the different devices.
CT features of gastrointestinal spindle cell, epithelial, and round cell tumors in 41 dogs
Authors: De Magistris A.V. , Rossi F. , Valenti P. , Anson A. , Penninck D.G. , Agut A. , Specchi S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere is sparse published information on computed tomographic (CT) characteristics of canine gastrointestinal tumors. The purposes of this multi‐center, retrospective, descriptive study were to describe the CT features of histologically‐confirmed canine gastrointestinal spindle cell, epithelial, and round cell tumors and, when available, describe the corresponding ultrasound findings. The inclusion criteria were as follows: availability of pre‐and post‐contrast CT study, and a histopathological diagnosis of the lesions. Recorded parameters were tumor size, location, gastrointestinal wall layers involvement, lesion's growth and enhancement patterns, tumor margination, presence of stenosis, mineralization, ulcerations, lymphadenopathy, or other lesions in the abdomen/thorax. When available, ultrasound images were evaluated. Forty‐one dogs met the inclusion criteria and had the following histological diagnoses: 21/41 (51%) spindle cells (7 leiomyomas, 14 leiomyosarcomas/gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs)), 13/41 (32%) epithelial (adenocarcinoma), and 7/41 (17%) round cell (lymphoma) tumors. The growth pattern was concentric, eccentric, and mixed in epithelial, spindle cell, and round cell tumors, respectively. Spindle cell tumors had the largest main volume and involved the outer gastrointestinal layer with an unaffected inner layer. Leiomyosarcomas/GISTs showed irregular margins compared to leiomyomas. Only lymphomas showed multifocal gastrointestinal involvement. Nine carcinomas and six spindle cell tumors caused partial stenosis with secondary sub‐obstruction. Mineralizations were more frequent in spindle cell tumors (10/21) and absent in lymphomas. Lymphadenomegaly was widespread in lymphomas, regional in leiomyosarcomas‐GISTs and adenocarcinomas, and absent in leiomyomas. The reported CT features may be useful in prioritizing the differential diagnosis between spindle cell, epithelial, and round cell tumors, similar to those reported on ultrasound.
Linear external skeletal fixation applied in minimally invasive fashion for stabilization of nonarticular tibial fractures in dogs and cats
Authors: Sherman Alec H. , Kraus Karl H. , Watt Danielle , Yuan Lingnan , Mochel Jonathan P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the use of linear external skeletal fixation (ESF) applied using minimally invasive techniques in dogs and cats.Study designRetrospective study.AnimalsForty‐nine dogs and 6 cats.MethodsMedical records of cases with nonarticular tibial fractures, repaired using linear ESF at a single academic institution between July 2010 and 2020, were reviewed. All records of cases that had nonarticular tibial fractures repaired using linear ESF were included. Information was collected regarding signalment, surgical procedures performed, perioperative care, radiographic evaluation, and postoperative complications.ResultsIntraoperative imaging was used in 40/55 (72%) of cases. Tibal plateau angle (TPA), tibial mechanical medial proximal and distal tibial angles (mMPTA and mMDTA, respectively) were not affected by intraoperative imaging (P = .344, P = .687, P = .418). A total of 22 (40%) complications occurred. Of these, 18 were considered minor and 4 were considered major. Open fractures had more major complications than closed fractures (P = .019). All fractures reached radiographic union of the fracture. The mean ± SD time to external fixator removal was 71 ± 48 days.ConclusionLinear ESF applied using minimally invasive techniques with or without intraoperative imaging was an effective treatment for nonarticular tibial fractures.Clinical significanceClosed application of linear ESF should be considered as a minimally invasive option for stabilizing nonarticular tibial fractures.
Adapting Consumer Product Design to the Circular Economy
Authors: Ferrero Vincenzo , Morris K. C. , Hapuwatte Buddhika 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Transition to a Circular Economy (CE) will be facilitated by information transfer between life cycle stages, and, particularly, the transition can be accelerated at the product design stage where the decisions have impact throughout the life cycle. Product design, which is often manual, subjective, and speculative, can be enhanced by data transfer from other stages of product, manufacturing, material, and supply chain life cycles. Mutually, the CE system can benefit from design systems that are real-time, designer-in-the-loop, and dynamic with respect to life cycle information streams. Five identified challenges toward adapting product design to the CE are
1. Consolidation and identification of DfX areas critical to the CE
2. Realization of a digital thread to the design activities
3. Incorporation of designer-in-the-loop and AI design agents
4. Introduction of CE data-driven design methods
5. Development of CE design standards
A literature review in each challenge area identifies future research areas. Finally, a preliminary circular product design convergence model is introduced to illustrate a CE consumer product design system that addresses the challenges and research opportunities. The work contributes a framework within which product design can be improved to aid in the realization of Design-for-the-CE. The circular product design convergence model can be a framework for exploring standards-driven and validated solutions to these challenges.
Review of Human-Machine Interaction Towards Industry 5.0: Human-Centric Smart Manufacturing
Authors: Yang Jialu , Liu Tianyuan , Liu Ying , Morgan Phillip 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Human-centric smart manufacturing (HCSM) is one of the essential pillars in Industry 5.0. Hence, human-machine interaction (HMI), as the centre of the research agenda for the advances of smart manufacturing, has also become the focus of Industry 5.0. As Industry 5.0 proposed three core concepts of human-centric, sustainable and resilient, the design orientation of HMI needs to change accordingly. Through understanding the state-of-the-art of HMI research, the technology roadmap of HMI development in the smart manufacturing paradigm can be shaped. In this paper, the focus is to review how HMI has been applied in smart manufacturing and predict future opportunities and challenges when applying HMI to HCSM. In this paper, we provide an HMI framework based on the interaction process and analyse the existing research on HMI across four key aspects: 1) Sensor and Hardware, 2) Data Processing, 3) Transmission Mechanism, and 4) Interaction and Collaboration. We intend to analyse the current development and technologies of each aspect and their possible application in HCSM. Finally, potential challenges and opportunities in future research and applications of HMI are discussed and evaluated, especially considering that the focus of design in HCSM shifts from improving productivity to the well-being of workers and sustainability.
Normalization and Dimension Reduction for Machine Learning in Advanced Manufacturing
Authors: Huang Jida , Kwok Tsz-Ho 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
With the advances in sensing and communication techniques, data collection has become much easier in manufacturing processes. Machine learning (ML) is a vital tool for manufacturing data analytics to leverage the underlying informatics carried by data. However, the varieties of data formats, dimensionality, and manufacturing types hugely hinder the learning efficiency of ML methods. Data preparation is critical for exploiting the potential of ML in manufacturing problems. This paper investigates how data preparation affects the ML efficacy in manufacturing data. Specifically, we study the influences of data normalization and dimension reduction on the ML performance for various types of manufacturing problems. We conduct comparison studies of data with/without pre-processing on different manufacturing processes, such as casting, milling, and additive manufacturing. Experimental results reveal that different pre-processing methods have a distinct effect on learning efficiency. Normalization is helpful for both numerical and image data, while dimension reduction — this paper uses principal component analysis (PCA) — is not useful for low-dimensional numerical manufacturing data. Combining both normalization and PCA can significantly enhance the learning efficiency of high-dimensional data. After that, we summarize several practical guidelines for manufacturing data preparation for ML, which provide a valuable basis for future manufacturing data analysis with ML approaches.
Design Target Achievement Index: A Differentiable Metric to Enhance Deep Generative Models in Multi-Objective Inverse Design
Authors: Regenwetter Lyle , Ahmed Faez 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Deep Generative Machine Learning Models have been growing in popularity across the design community thanks to their ability to learn and mimic complex data distributions. While early works are promising, further advancement will depend on addressing several critical considerations such as design quality, feasibility, novelty, and targeted inverse design. We propose the Design Target Achievement Index (DTAI), a differentiable, tunable metric that scores a design’s ability to achieve designer-specified minimum performance targets. We demonstrate that DTAI can drastically improve the performance of generated designs when directly used as a training loss in Deep Generative Models. We apply the DTAI loss to a Performance-Augmented Diverse GAN (PaDGAN) and demonstrate superior generative performance compared to a set of baseline Deep Generative Models including a Multi-Objective PaDGAN and specialized tabular generation algorithms like the Conditional Tabular GAN (CTGAN). We further enhance PaDGAN with an auxiliary feasibility classifier to encourage feasible designs. To evaluate methods, we propose a comprehensive set of evaluation metrics for generative methods that focus on feasibility, diversity, and satisfaction of design performance targets. Methods are tested on a challenging benchmarking problem: the FRAMED bicycle frame design dataset featuring mixed-datatype parametric data, heavily skewed and multimodal distributions, and ten competing performance objectives.
Energetic Investigation of Common Pilot Operation and the Energy Saving Potential of Electromechanical Valve Actuators
Authors: Vonderbank Tobias , Schmitz Katharina 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Small hydraulic valves are usually actuated by electromechanical transducers such as solenoids or voice coils. Normally, the necessary actuation forces grow with increasing size of the valve. Therefore, the application of direct electromechanical actuators is nowadays limited to valves of nominal size 10 or smaller. Larger valves are usually pilot operated, which is characterized by high power density and large achievable forces. However, these systems are inefficient due to the principle-related drain oil and further system specific losses in the pilot circuit.
As shown in previous research, electromechanical actuation systems can be implemented on large sized directional control valves as a viable alternative to pilot operated valves [1–3]. In this contribution, the energy saving potential of alternative electromechanical actuation systems is analyzed. Therefore a comparison of the overall energetic output in common hydraulic pilot circuits and electromechanical actuation based on a prototype of a designed electromechanical actuation system [3] is carried out at a positive overlapped 4-way, 3-state dircetional control valve. Beyond the pure actuator, the study also addresses the complexity of the entire hydraulic system. The influence of the system design and the control approach are taken into account to depict the entire system.
An Improved Elastic and Non-Contact Smart Sealing Concept for Digital Micro Hydraulic Valves
Authors: Scherrer Matthias , Scheidl Rudolf 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A non-contacting sealing concept is presented which employs an elasto-hydrodynamic principle to reduce an initially large gap between seal and counter-surface to a small value for tolerable leakage. The seal is a circular ring, made of polymeric material to enable the intended radial deformation. It has basically rectangular cross section but two slightly conical surfaces: The outer girthed area in order to get a hydrostatic feedback from the pressure field in the sealing gap; and the lower pressure sided front face to limit the radial ring deflection. An analytical model based on a perfect geometry assumption demonstrates the function principle and analysis the role of main design parameters. An FEM model which can take complex ring deformation and partial contact of seal with its counter-surface into account shows a deeper insight to effects not covered by the analytical model and shows a reasonable agreement with experimental investigations made with a prototype.
‘We are the bridge’: an implementation research study of SEWA Shakti Kendras to improve community engagement in publicly funded health insurance in Gujarat, India
Authors: Thomas Susan , Sivaram Sharmada , Shroff Zubin , Mahal Ajay , Desai Sapna 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionIndia’s efforts towards universal health coverage include a national health insurance scheme that aims to protect the most vulnerable from catastrophic health expenditure. However, emerging evidence on publicly funded health insurance, as well as experience from community-based schemes, indicates that women face specific barriers to access and utilisation. Community engagement interventions have been shown to improve equitable utilisation of public health services, but there is limited research specific to health insurance. We examined how existing community-based resource centres implemented by a women’s organisation could improve women’s access to, and utilisation of, health insurance.MethodsWe conducted an implementation research study in Gujarat, India to examine how SEWA Shakti Kendras, established by the Self-Employed Women’s Association, worked to improve community engagement in health insurance. SEWA organises women in the informal sector and provides social protection through health, insurance and childcare services. We examined administrative data, programme reports and conducted 30 in-depth qualitative interviews with users and staff. Data were analysed thematically to examine intervention content, context, and implementation processes and to identify enablers and barriers to improving women’s access to health insurance through SEWA’s community engagement approach.ResultsThe centres worked through multiple channels—doorstep services, centre-based support and health system navigation—to strengthen women’s capability to access health insurance. Each centre’s approach varied by contextual factors, such as women’s digital literacy levels and rural–urban settings. Effective community engagement required local leadership, strong government partnerships and the flexibility to address a range of public services, with implementation by trusted local health workers.ConclusionSEWA Shakti Kendras demonstrate how a local, flexible and community-based model can serve as a bridge to improve utilisation of health insurance, by engaging women and their households through multiple channels. Scaling up this approach will require investing in partnerships with community-based organisations as part of strategies towards universal health coverage.
Longitudinal visual field archetypal analysis of optic neuritis treated in a clinical setting
Authors: Branco Joseph , Elze Tobias , Wang Jui-Kai , Pasquale Louis R , Garvin Mona K , Kardon Randy , Kupersmith Mark J 
Published: November 2022

Background/aimsWe previously used archetypal analysis (AA) to create a model that quantified patterns (archetypes (ATs)) of visual field (VF) loss that can predict recovery and reveal residual VF deficits from eyes in the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT). We hypothesised that AA could produce similar results for ON VFs collected in clinical practice.MethodsWe applied AA to a retrospective data set of 486 VFs collected in 1 neuro-ophthalmology service from 141 eyes with acute ON and typical VF defects, to create a clinic-derived AT model. We also used the ONTT-derived AT model to analyse this new dataset. We compared the findings of both models by decomposing VFs into component ATs of varying per cent weight (PW), correlating presentation AT PW with mean deviation (MD) at final visits for each eye and identifying residual deficits in VFs considered normal.ResultsBoth models, each with 16 ATs, decomposed each presentation VF into 0–6 abnormal ATs representative of known patterns of ON-related VF loss. AT1, the normal pattern in both models, correlated strongly with MD for VFs collected at presentation (r=0.82; p<0.001) and the final visit (r=0.81, p<0.001). The presentation AT1 PW was associated with improvement in MD over time. 67% of VFs considered ‘normal’ at final visit had 1.2±0.4 abnormal ATs, and both models revealed similar patterns of regional VF loss.ConclusionsAA is a quantitative method to measure change and outcome of ON VFs. Presentation AT features are associated with MD at final visit. AA identifies residual VF deficits not otherwise indicated by MD.
Lower birth weight is linked to poorer cardiovascular health in middle-aged population-based adults
Authors: Raisi-Estabragh Zahra , Cooper Jackie , Bethell Mae S , McCracken Celeste , Lewandowski Adam J , Leeson Paul , Neubauer Stefan , Harvey Nicholas C , Petersen Steffen E 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo examine associations of birth weight with clinical and imaging indicators of cardiovascular health and evaluate mechanistic pathways in the UK Biobank.MethodsCompeting risk regression was used to estimate associations of birth weight with incident myocardial infarction (MI) and mortality (all-cause, cardiovascular disease, ischaemic heart disease, MI), over 7–12 years of longitudinal follow-up, adjusting for age, sex, deprivation, maternal smoking/hypertension and maternal/paternal diabetes. Mediation analysis was used to evaluate the role of childhood growth, adulthood obesity, cardiometabolic diseases and blood biomarkers in mediating the birth weight–MI relationship. Linear regression was used to estimate associations of birth weight with left ventricular (LV) mass-to-volume ratio, LV stroke volume, global longitudinal strain, LV global function index and left atrial ejection fraction.Results258 787 participants from white ethnicities (61% women, median age 56 (49, 62) years) were studied. Birth weight had a non-linear relationship with incident MI, with a significant inverse association below an optimal threshold of 3.2 kg (subdistribution HR: 1.15 (1.08 to 1.22), p=6.0×10–5) and attenuation to the null above this threshold. The birth weight–MI effect was mediated through hypertension (8.4%), glycated haemoglobin (7.0%), C reactive protein (6.4%), high-density lipoprotein (5.2%) and high cholesterol (4.1%). Birth weight–mortality associations were statistically non-significant after Bonferroni correction. In participants with cardiovascular magnetic resonance (n=19 314), lower birth weight was associated with adverse LV remodelling (greater concentricity, poorer function).ConclusionsLower birth weight was associated with greater risk of incident MI and unhealthy LV phenotypes; effects were partially mediated through cardiometabolic disease and systemic inflammation. These findings support consideration of birth weight in risk prediction and highlight actionable areas for disease prevention.
Families of curly knots
Authors: Ernst C. , Gover S. 
Published: November 2022

A spiral knot or link diagram (introduced in [C. Adams, R. Hudson, R. Morrison, W. George, L. Starkston, S. Taylor and O. Turanova, The spiral index of knots, Math. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 149(2) (2010) 297–315]) is an oriented knot or link diagram where, when traversing through the planar diagram, the curvature does not change sign. An oriented knot or link type is called curly if it admits a spiral diagram with fewer maxima than the braid index of that knot or link type. In this paper, we exhibit families of curly knots and links.
Development and Testing of a Durable and Novel Breast Phantom for Robotic Autonomous Ultrasound Systems
Authors: Rigby Oca Siobhan , Strong Amy , Havas Jiselle , Buckland Daniel M. , Bridgeman Leila J. 
Published: November 2022

For the safe and effective development of evolving autonomous medical robotic systems that traverse the surface of the body, like in breast ultrasound scans, developing phantoms that are durable and mechanically mimic human tissue is critical. In this work, a long lasting, inexpensive, and geometrically customizable phantom is described with mechanical and ultrasound acoustic properties that simulate human breast tissue. In comparison to prior work, a priority was designing a highly elastic phantom outer layer modulus 20 kPa and inner semi-liquid layer to mimic the difficulties of traversing human breast tissue with autonomous medical robotic systems. In addition, ultrasound images of the novel phantom with enclosed tumor are similar to in vivo image of human breast tissue with invasive ductal carcinoma, representing 80% of breast cancer cases. The performance of a force feedback controller on an autonomous ultrasound scanning system was compared for the novel phantom and a commercial phantom. Overall, the controller performed worse on the novel phantom — highlighting the importance of testing autonomous systems on realistic phantoms.