bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional associations of accelerometer-assessed physical activity and sedentary time with physical function among older English adults: the EPIC-Norfolk cohort study
Authors: Yerrakalva Dharani , Hajna Samantha , Wijndaele Katrien , Dempsey Paddy C. , Westgate Kate , Wareham Nick , Griffin Simon J. , Brage Soren 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo develop healthy ageing interventions, longitudinal associations between objectively assessed physical behaviours and physical function need to be better understood. We assessed associations between accelerometer-assessed total physical activity (PA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), sedentary time and prolonged sedentary bout time, and clinically assessed physical function (grip strength, usual walking speed (UWS), chair stand speed) at two time-points in 3188 participants (≥ 60 years) of the EPIC-Norfolk study. Bidirectional associations were assessed using multivariable linear regression. Over an average of 6.1 years, baseline physical behaviours (greater total PA, MVPA and LPA, and less sedentary time) were associated with better subsequent walking and chair stand speed. Better baseline physical function was associated with better follow-up physical behaviours. There were no bidirectional associations between changes in physical behaviours and grip strength. Improvements in UWS were associated with improvements in all physical behaviours. Improvements in chair stand speed were associated with improvements in total PA, MVPA, and sedentary bout time. Improvements in physical behaviours were associated with improvements in UWS (3.1 cm/s/yr per 100 cpm/yr total PA, 3.6 cm/s/yr per hr/day/yr MVPA, 2.5 cm/s/yr per hr/day/yr LPA, − 2.9 cm/s/yr per hour/day/yr sedentary time, and − 1.6 cm/s/yr per hr/day/yr prolonged sedentary bout time). Only improvements in total PA, MVPA and sedentary bout time were associated with improvements in chair stand speed. In conclusion, we found bidirectional associations between changes in some physical behaviours and physical function and between baseline physical behaviours and subsequent physical function, highlighting the importance of considering the full range of physical behaviours to promote healthy ageing.
Calibration of Cohorts of Virtual Patient Heart Models Using Bayesian History Matching
Authors: Rodero Cristobal , Longobardi Stefano , Augustin Christoph , Strocchi Marina , Plank Gernot , Lamata Pablo , Niederer Steven A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrevious patient-specific model calibration techniques have treated each patient independently, making the methods expensive for large-scale clinical adoption. In this work, we show how we can reuse simulations to accelerate the patient-specific model calibration pipeline. To represent anatomy, we used a Statistical Shape Model and to represent function, we ran electrophysiological simulations. We study the use of 14 biomarkers to calibrate the model, training one Gaussian Process Emulator (GPE) per biomarker. To fit the models, we followed a Bayesian History Matching (BHM) strategy, wherein each iteration a region of the parameter space is ruled out if the emulation with that set of parameter values produces is “implausible”. We found that without running any extra simulations we can find 87.41% of the non-implausible parameter combinations. Moreover, we showed how reducing the uncertainty of the measurements from 10 to 5% can reduce the final parameter space by 6 orders of magnitude. This innovation allows for a model fitting technique, therefore reducing the computational load of future biomedical studies.
Associations between Active Mobility Index and objectively measured physical activity among older adults
Authors: Kurita Satoshi , Doi Takehiko , Tsutsumimoto Kota , Nakakubo Sho , Kiuchi Yuto , Nishimoto Kazuhei , Shimada Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Active mobility index (AMI) is a questionnaire to assess going-out behavior with physical and social activity. The association between AMI scores and objectively measured physical activity (PA) in older adults is unknown.

Methods
Community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 70 years participated in an examination and wore a triaxial accelerometer for seven or more days. The accelerometer measured the time of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) and light intensity PA (LPA), and step counts. The AMI assessed life space (distance from the respondent’s home: < 1, 1–10, or > 10 km) and related activities during the previous month. The AMI total, physical, and social scores were calculated.

Results
The analyzed data were 2499 participants (mean age: 75.5 ± 4.0 years; 54.4% female). Comparing PA among quartile groups of each AMI score, higher AMI total and physical score groups were associated with higher MVPA, LPA, and step counts (all P < 0.01). The Q4 group of AMI social scores showed significantly higher LPA and step counts than the Q1 and Q2 groups (P < 0.01). The logistic regression model showed higher score groups of AMI total and physical scores associated with increased adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of meeting recommended PA, ≥ 150 min/week of MVPA.

Conclusions
Older adults with higher AMI total and physical scores, engaged in more PA. Future studies can use the present findings when estimating PA in older adults from AMI scores and examining the association between AMI scores and health outcomes.
An Efficient Algorithm of Star Subgraph Queries on Urban Traffic Knowledge Graph
Authors: Sun Tao , Xu Jianqiu , Hu Caiping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractKnowledge graph has wide applications in the field of computer science. In the knowledge service environment, the information is large and explosive, and it is difficult to find knowledge of common phenomena. The urban traffic knowledge graph is a knowledge system that formally describes urban traffic concepts, entities and their interrelationships. It has great application potential in application scenarios such as user travel, route planning, and urban planning. This paper first defines the urban traffic knowledge graph and the star subgraph query of the urban traffic knowledge graph. Then, the road network data and trajectory data are collected to extract the urban traffic knowledge, and the urban traffic knowledge graph is constructed with this knowledge. Finally, a star subgraph query algorithm on the urban traffic knowledge graph is proposed. The discussion of the star subgraph query mode gives the corresponding application scenarios of our method in the urban traffic knowledge graph. Experimental results verify the performance advantages of this method.
Neues aus der Steinmetaphylaxe
Authors: Stritt Kevin , Roth Beat 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Urolithiasis ist ein großes Gesundheitsproblem mit weltweit steigender Inzidenz und Prävalenz. Die Prävention besteht hauptsächlich aus konservativen therapeutischen Maßnahmen, einschließlich diätetischer Maßnahmen und medikamentöser Behandlung. Das Verständnis der Pathophysiologie und der molekulargenetischen Grundlagen der Urolithiasis ist jedoch unvollständig und erschwert die Entwicklung neuer Behandlungsmöglichkeiten. In diesem Zusammenhang zielt die Swiss Kidney Stone Cohort (SKSC) darauf ab, das Verständnis der Urolithiasis zu verbessern. Die schweizweite, multizentrische, randomisierte NOSTONE-Studie zeigte zudem, dass die Behandlung mit Hydrochlorothiazid bei der Prävention der Kalziumurolithiasis nur bedingt wirksam ist.
In vitro effects of the green synthesized silver and nickel oxide nanoparticles on the motility and egg hatching ability of Marshallagia marshalli
Authors: Mirzaei Yousef , Hamad Samir M. , Barzinjy Azeez A. , Faris Vinos M. , Karimpour Masoud , Ahmed Mukhtar H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Gastrointestinal nematodes are one of the serious health problems on the human society and in the livestock industry. Marshallagia marshalli is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminant, have subtle but more significant adverse effects on the health and fitness of their hosts.

Aim
In this study, green synthesized nickel oxide (NiO) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) have been checked to evaluate the possible antiparasitic effects of nickel oxide and silver nanoparticles on Marshallagia marshalli.

Methods
The characterization of synthesized NiO NPs and Ag NPs was confirmed using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and UV–Visible spectroscopy. The adult worms were incubated with various concentrations of NiO and Ag NPs with the quantity of; 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 ppm for 24 h. Mobility and egg hatching abilities of the parasites were recorded at 4-h intervals.

Results
The results showed that both of the nanoparticles NiO and Ag NPs have anthelmintic activity against Marshallagia marshalli. The anthelmintic effects increased with an increase in the concentration of nanoparticles and the incubation time.

Conclusion
The outcome data concluded that Ag-NPs possess a higher level of efficacy than NiO NPs.
Rock glacier composition and structure from radio wave speed analysis with dipping reflector correction
Authors: Meng Tyler M. , Petersen Eric I. , Holt John W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe assess the composition and geometry of four individual rock glaciers in Alaska, Wyoming and Colorado by measuring their radio wave speed and applying these results to ground-penetrating radar depth corrections and dielectric mixing models. Our method includes a correction for subsurface reflector dip angle, which we show can lead to an incorrect determination of wave speeds using common midpoint configurations. By observing the radar properties of the rock glaciers and their supraglacial debris, we find that some of the sites exhibit nearly pure ice cores, and all of the sites indicate volumetric ice fractions >50%. These results have implications for terrestrial glaciology and hydrology because the present ice volume is connected to past ice accumulation and subsurface ice preservation, which may affect the future availability of alpine water resources. An understanding of the processes that govern rock glacier evolution over a wide range of latitudes and elevations will also contribute to the exploration of planetary surfaces such as Mars, which hosts a significant population of debris-covered glaciers. Our subsurface composition and geometry estimates will inform simulations of rock glacier formation and evolution to test hypothesized ice origin mechanisms along with the preservation of climate signals.
Effects of selenium supplementation on glycaemic control markers in healthy rodents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ferreira Rannapaula Lawrynhuk Urbano , de Sousa Ângela Waleska Freire , Oliveira Antonio Gouveia , de Rezende Adriana Augusto , Cobucci Ricardo Ney , Pedrosa Lucia Fatima Campos 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOverexposure to Se is detrimental to glucose metabolism, mainly because of its pro-oxidant effects and the overexpression of selenoproteins. This systematic review evaluated the effects of Se supplementation on glycaemic control in healthy rodents. The methodology followed the PRISMA. We searched the databases for articles published up to May 2022. The risk of bias and the methodological quality were assessed using the SYRCLE and CAMARADES. The results are presented as meta-analytic estimates of the overall standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95 % CI. Of the 2359 records retrieved, thirteen studies were included, of which eleven used sodium selenite and two used zero-valent Se nanoparticles as supplement. Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. Generally, the risk of bias was high, and 23·1 % of the studies were of high quality. Supplementation with sodium selenite significantly increased fasting blood glucose (SMD = 2·57 (95 % CI (1·07, 4·07)), I2 = 93·5 % (P = 0·001). Subgroup analyses showed effect size was larger for interventions lasting between 21 and 28 d (SMD = 25·74 (95 % CI (2·29, 9·18)), I2 = 96·1 % (P = 0·001)) and for a dose of 864·7 μg/kg/d of sodium selenite (SMD = 10·26 (95 % CI (2·42, 18·11), I2 = 97·1 % (P = 0·010)). However, it did not affect glutathione peroxidase activity (SMD = 0·60 (95 % CI (-0·71, 1·91)), I2 = 83·2 % (P = 0·37)). The current analysis demonstrated the adverse effects of sodium selenite supplementation on glycaemic control in healthy rodents.
Effect of growing forage legumes on the migration and survival in the pasture of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep
Authors: Garcia-Méndez M. , Schmitt-Filho A. L. , Rocha R. A. , Bricarello P. A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn order to identify types of forage that inhibit pasture contamination, an evaluation was performed of the effect of the forage legumesTrifolium repens(white clover),Trifolium pratense(red clover) andLotus corniculatus(bird's-foot-trefoil) on the survival and migration of infective larvae (L3) of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) of sheep. An experimental area of 441 m2was divided into four blocks, subdivided into areas of 1.20 × 1.20 in which the three forage legumes were separately overseeded. After growth of the forage in each subdivision, experimental units were established that were later artificially contaminated with sheep faeces containing GIN eggs. Between October and December 2018, pasture, faecal and soil samples were collected on four occasions during weeks 1, 2, 4 and 8 after the deposition of faeces. In week 6, the forage legumes in all the experimental units were mown to simulate grazing. The number of L3 was quantified to determine their survival in the pasture, faeces and soil. In addition, the horizontal migration of L3 was measured at two distances from the faecal pellets (10 and 30 cm), as well as their vertical migration at two heights of the plant stems, that is, lower half and upper half. Larvae vertical migration was affected by the forage species (P< 0.001), in that bird's-foot-trefoil contained fewer larvae in the upper stratum. Bird's-foot-trefoil restricted the migration of L3 to the upper stratum of the plant, which could potentially decrease the risk of infection by intestinal nematodes in grazing sheep.
A social practice theory approach to exploring the ubiquity of quizzes in dementia care settings
Authors: Webb Joseph , Williams Val , Read Sandy , Davis Harry , James Roy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractQuizzes are a ubiquitous part of the dementia social care landscape. This article explores why. Using an ethnographic approach which draws on close analysis of communication, we examine dementia quizzes as a ‘social practice’, and what such a lens can tell us about their popularity in social care settings. Vignettes of real interactions drawn from ten different quizzes recorded in four different group settings attended by 28 people living with dementia and 15 staff members are presented to highlight particular issues. We show that the conditions of post-diagnosis dementia social care are uniquely well suited to an activity such as quizzes which are malleable, requiring little preparation or materials, and impose a communication framework which can help to organise the interactional space. Quizzes also draw on previously forged interactional competences, such as turn-taking and question–answer sequences, a skill that has been shown to persist even as dementia progresses. Finally, we argue that the meaning of quizzes with people with dementia feeds into wider societal values and associations attached to memory, dementia and personhood. The extent to which quizzes are akin to a ‘test’ or a fun and enjoyable social activity rests in how they are enacted. We suggest that practice can be adapted, developed and made more inclusive through input from people living with dementia themselves.
Control of acetolactate synthase–resistant Palmer amaranth in dry edible bean
Authors: Beiermann Clint W. , Creech Cody F. , Knezevic Stevan Z. , Jhala Amit J. , Harveson Robert , Lawrence Nevin C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHerbicide-resistant Palmer amaranth is a troublesome weed in several agronomic crops and is a relatively new challenge to dry bean production in western Nebraska. Objectives were to evaluate preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) herbicides for control of acetolactate synthase–resistant Palmer amaranth and their effect on Palmer amaranth density and biomass as well as dry bean injury and yield in western Nebraska. Field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2019 near Scottsbluff, NE. The experiments were arranged as a two-factor strip-plot design. The strip-plot factor consisted of no-PRE or pendimethalin (1,070 g ai ha–1) + dimethenamid-P (790 g ai h–1) applied PRE. The main-plot factor was POST herbicides, which consisted of various mixtures of imazamox, bentazon, or fomesafen applied in a single or sequential application at labeled rates, and reduced rates of imazamox (9 g ai ha–1) + bentazon (314 g ai ha–1) + fomesafen (70 g ai ha–1) applied in single or sequential (two or three) applications. PRE herbicides reduced Palmer amaranth density and biomass during both years and increased dry bean yield in 2017. POST treatments containing fomesafen improved Palmer amaranth control compared with treatments containing imazamox and bentazon only. The sequential-application reduced-rate POST system did not improve Palmer amaranth control compared to one POST application containing fomesafen at a labeled rate in either year. Using pendimethalin + dimethenamid-P PRE followed by POST treatments containing imazamox + bentazon + fomesafen at a labeled rate provided 86% and 99% Palmer amaranth control in 2017 and 2019, respectively.
Sources of Mg Enrichments in Vent Fluids From the Kermadec Arc Recorded by Li, B, and Mg Isotopes
Authors: Wilckens Frederike K. , Hansen Christian T. , Diehl Alexander , Bach Wolfgang , Kasemann Simone A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMagnesium concentrations in acid‐sulfate fluids from Brothers and Macauley volcano, Kermadec arc, Western Pacific, exceed those of seawater and differ from previously known acid‐sulfate fluids with seawater‐like Mg concentrations. Earlier studies explained these Mg enrichments as due to phase separation, caminite (Mg1.25SO4(OH)0.5 × 0.5H2O) dissolution, water‐rock interaction and/or “mining” of deep seated magmatic brines. Since these different and partly contradictory explanations could neither be confirmed nor refuted, we investigated B, Li, and Mg isotope compositions in acid‐sulfate and black smoker fluids from both Brothers and Macauley to understand the origin of the high Mg concentrations and investigate a possible connection with the alteration of basement rocks. In addition, we performed seawater heating experiments to investigate Mg isotope fractionation during caminite precipitation. Lithium and B isotope signatures in all studied acid‐sulfate fluids indicate water‐rock interaction. Magnesium isotopes in fluids from Macauley correspond to seawater, implying Mg enrichment through phase separation in the fluids. In contrast, Mg‐enriched acid‐sulfate fluids from Brothers volcano have higher δ26Mg values (up to −0.62‰) than seawater. Considering that our seawater heating experiment shows a preferential incorporation of 24Mg into caminite, caminite dissolution would lead to lower δ26Mg values and thus cannot solely account for the enriched Mg concentrations seen at Brothers. Additionally, we thus suppose leaching of Mg from the basement during the interaction of acidic fluids with a relatively unaltered basement.
Hemispherically Asymmetric Evolution of Nighttime Ionospheric Equatorial Ionization Anomaly in the American Longitude Sector
Authors: Cai Xuguang , Qian Liying , Wang Wenbin , McInerney Joseph M. , Liu Han‐Li , Eastes Richard W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Global‐scale Observation of Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission observed distinct post‐sunset, hemispherically asymmetric evolution of the equatorial ionization anomaly between 40° and 50°W on 19 November 2018, with the southern crest shifting poleward but the northern crest remaining in the same latitude region. The Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model‐eXtended captured this phenomenon. Diagnostic analysis revealed that this asymmetric evolution was due to the hemispheric asymmetry in plasma transport by E × B drifts and neutral winds. In the Northern hemisphere, northward neutral wind transport dominated around sunset (20 UT near 45°W), causing the crest to be at lower altitudes and decay faster. After pre‐reversal enhancement (PRE) occurred at 20 UT in the northern hemisphere, E × B and neutral wind transport largely balanced each other, and the crest remained in the same latitude region. In the southern hemisphere EIA crest, PRE occurred around 1 hr later than the one in the north. The northward neutral wind transported the plasma to higher altitudes with less recombination. E × B transport augmented the neutral wind transport after 21 UT, lifting and pushing the crest poleward. The magnetic field configuration (large declination) and the resultant occurrence time difference in PRE between 40°W and 50°W not only play critical roles in the asymmetric evolution of the two crests, but also makes it possible for this phenomenon to be observed in the GOLD field‐of‐view.
New insights into the epitranscriptomic control of pluripotent stem cell fate
Authors: Che Young Hyun , Lee Hojae , Kim Yong Jun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEach cell in the human body has a distinguishable fate. Pluripotent stem cells are challenged with a myriad of lineage differentiation options. Defects are more likely to be fatal to stem cells than to somatic cells due to the broad impact of the former on early development. Hence, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms that determine the fate of stem cells is needed. The mechanisms by which human pluripotent stem cells, although not fully equipped with complex chromatin structures or epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, accurately control gene expression and are important to the stem cell field. In this review, we examine the events driving pluripotent stem cell fate and the underlying changes in gene expression during early development. In addition, we highlight the role played by the epitranscriptome in the regulation of gene expression that is necessary for each fate-related event.