bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral Cystoid Macular Edema Following Bimatoprost Implants
Authors: Patel Shivam H. , Badar Ayesha , Bakhsh Saaquib , Jusufbegovic Denis 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
To report the development of bilateral cystoid macular edema (CME) following bimatoprost implant (Durysta) injections in both eyes to treat primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods:
Case Report

Results:
A 93-year-old woman with a history of POAG received bimatoprost implant (Durysta) injections in both eyes four weeks apart. The patient subsequently developed progressively decreased visual acuity in both eyes due to bilateral CME, which improved with topical corticosteroid therapy.

Conclusions:
Bimatoprost implant (Durysta) can cause CME in susceptible individuals. Patients who received the implant should be assessed for the presence of CME following any decline in visual acuity, particularly in high-risk patients.
Effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use on 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine–Assisted Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Price Collin M. , Feduccia Allison A. , DeBonis Katrina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Among the renewed applications of psychedelic medicines in psychiatry, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)–assisted therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has demonstrated the most promise in early small-scale studies. Recent exploratory analyses from prior clinical trials of MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD have suggested that recent use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)—the only medication class with United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval to treat PTSD—can significantly dampen the efficacy of this novel therapy. Although psychedelic medicines are not yet FDA approved, MDMA is very likely to be the first to achieve FDA approval—perhaps within the next 2 years. Given this timeline, the field would benefit from more knowledge about potential interactions between this novel therapy and our current treatments.

Methods
This brief report reviews selected literature in the basic and clinical neurosciences relevant to the interaction of SSRIs and MDMA.

Findings
The possibility that SSRI use could dampen future responses to MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD raises many important questions about the biological mechanisms as well as ethical implications around the most appropriate way to counsel patients. In this brief report, we compare the evidence for SSRIs and MDMA-assisted therapy in the treatment of PTSD and discuss what is known about the neurobiological interactions between these 2 medicines.

Conclusions
There is strong neurobiological plausibility for the hypothesis that chronic SSRI use dampens response to MDMA-assisted therapy, although current knowledge in the field is limited and primarily relates to acute pharmacodynamic interactions. Our commentary highlights the urgent need for future work dedicated to addressing this important clinical topic.
Assessing the Variability of Antibiotic Management in Patients With Open Hand Fractures Presenting to the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Görgens Sophia , Patel Deepa , Keenan Kaitlin , Fishbein Joanna , Bullaro Francesca 
Published: August 2022

Objectives
Open hand fractures may be difficult to recognize and treat. There is variability in management and administration of antibiotics for these types of injuries. Unlike open long bone fractures, there is no standardized protocol for antibiotic administration for open hand fractures in children. The objective of this study is to assess the variability of antibiotic management of open hand fractures in children.

Methods
We performed a retrospective chart review at a tertiary hospital in New York of patients with hand injuries between ages 0 and 18 years presenting to the emergency department during January 2019 and December 2020. Patient encounters were reviewed for open fractures of the hand. Descriptive statistics were included for demographic and physical characteristics.

Results
There were 80 encounters with open hand fractures, of which the most common being tuft fractures (77.5%). The mean age was 7.6 years (SD, 4.7 years) with male predominance (58.8%). Crush injuries were the most common mechanism of injury (78.8%). Bedside repair was performed on 62 encounters (77.5%), of which 45 (72.5%) required nail bed repair, 56 (90.3%) required suturing, and 24 (38.7%) required reduction. Antibiotics were given to 62 (77.5%) encounters, most commonly oral cefalexin (45.2%), oral amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (27.4%), and intravenous cefazolin (14.5%). Median time to antibiotics from emergency department registration to administration was 150 minutes (interquartile range, 92–216 minutes). Antibiotic prescriptions were sent for 71 encounters (88.8%). Seventy seven (96.3%) of the encounters were discharged home.

Conclusions
Pediatric open hand fractures have a variability of type and timing to antibiotics. Future initiatives should attempt to create standardized guidelines for management of open hand fractures.
Implementation of Standardized Care for the Medical Stabilization of Patients With Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Shafii Taraneh , Morrison Alex , Qu Pingping , Rutman Lori , Kaplan Ron 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Approaches to refeeding patients with anorexia nervosa for medical stabilization vary across institutions, and there is no established standard of care. This study assessed the impact of a refeeding pathway on hospital length of stay and transfer to the psychiatry unit.

Methods:
This quality improvement intervention sought to standardize care for adolescents with anorexia nervosa at a tertiary care, free-standing children’s hospital from Spring 2017 to Fall 2018. The pathway specified admission criteria, nutritional advancement, activity restriction, laboratory monitoring, readiness to transfer to the psychiatry unit, and discharge criteria. Statistical process control analysis was utilized to identify system-level changes over time. We used linear regression to assess pre- and postpathway differences in length of stay and transfer to the psychiatry unit.

Results:
There were 161 patient encounters for anorexia nervosa admitted for medical stabilization. 84% of the sample were female with median age of 15.2 (IQR 14.0–17.0) years. There was no difference in hospital length of stay between the pre- and postpathway groups. There was a statistically significant increase in the proportion of patients transferred to the psychiatry unit over the study period.

Conclusion:
Clinical pathway use to deliver standardized care to achieve medical stability for patients with anorexia nervosa did not shorten hospital length of stay. Multiple potentially confounding medical and psychosocial factors may have contributed to this lack of improvement.
Increased Lung Immune Metabolic Activity in COVID-19 Survivors
Authors: Rodrigues Rosana Souza , Motta Ribeiro Gabriel , Barreto Miriam Menna , Zin Walter Araujo , de Toledo-Mendes Júlia , Martins Philippe Alcantara G. , de Almeida Sergio Altino , Basílio Rodrigo , Martins-Gonçalves Remy , Hottz Eugênio Damaceno , Bozza Patricia T. , Bozza Fernando A. , Carvalho Alysson Roncally Silva , Rosado-de-Castro Paulo Henrique 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
We quantified lung glycolytic metabolic activity, clinical symptoms and inflammation, coagulation, and endothelial activation biomarkers in 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia survivors.

Methods
Adults previously hospitalized with moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia were prospectively included. Subjects filled out a questionnaire on clinical consequences, underwent chest CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT, and provided blood samples on the same day. Forty-five volunteers served as control subjects. Analysis of CT images and quantitative voxel-based analysis of PET/CT images were performed for both groups. 18F-FDG uptake in the whole-lung volume and in high- and low-attenuation areas was calculated and normalized to liver values. Quantification of plasma markers of inflammation (interleukin 6), d-dimer, and endothelial cell activation (angiopoietins 1 and 2, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1) was also performed.

Results
We enrolled 53 COVID-19 survivors (62.3% were male; median age, 50 years). All survivors reported at least 1 persistent symptom, and 41.5% reported more than 6 symptoms. The mean lung density was greater in survivors than in control subjects, and more metabolic activity was observed in normal and dense lung areas, even months after symptom onset. Plasma proinflammatory, coagulation, and endothelial activation biomarker concentrations were also significantly higher in survivors.

Conclusion
We observed more metabolic activity in areas of high and normal lung attenuation several months after moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia. In addition, plasma markers of thromboinflammation and endothelial activation persisted. These findings may have implications for our understanding of the in vivo pathogenesis and long-lasting effects of COVID-19 pneumonia.
Mathematical modeling of the waning of anti-RBD IgG SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers after a two-dose BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination
Authors: Torres Javier , Ontañón Jesús , de Cabo Carlos , Lozano Julia , Ángeles Requena María , Blas Joaquín , Rodríguez-García José Luis , Mas Antonio , Cimas Francisco J. , Solera Javier 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveSerum antibody levels have been linked to immune protection in SARS-CoV-2 infection. After exposure to the virus and/or vaccination there is an increase in serum antibody titers followed by progressive non-linear waning of antibody levels. Our aim was to find out if this waning of antibody titers would adjust to a mathematical model.MethodsWe studied serum anti-RBD (receptor binding domain) IgG antibody titers over a ten-month period in a cohort of 54 health-care workers who were either never infected with SARS-CoV-2 (naive, nHCWs group, n = 27) or previously infected (experienced, eHCWs group, n = 27) with the virus after the second dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. We have selected a risk threshold of 1000 UA/ml anti-RBD Ab titer for symptomatic infection based on the upper titer threshold for those volunteers who suffered infection prior to the omicron outbreak. Two mathematical models, exponential and potential, were used to quantify antibody waning kinetics and the relative quality of the goodness of fit to the data between both models was compared using the Akaike Information Criterion.ResultsWe found that the waning of anti-RBD IgG antibody levels adjusted significantly to both exponential and potential models in all participants from both the naïve and experienced groups. Moreover, the waning slopes were significantly more pronounced for the naive when compared to the experienced health-care workers. In the nHCWs group, titers would descend below this 1000-units threshold at a median of 210.6 days (IQ range: 74,2). However, for the eHCWs group, the risk threshold would be reached at 440.0 days (IQ range: 135,2) post-vaccination.ConclusionsThe goodness of the fit of the anti-RBD IgG antibody waning would allow us to predict when the antibody titers would fall below an established threshold in both naive and previously infected subjects.
Interspecific territoriality has facilitated recent increases in the breeding habitat overlap of North American passerines
Authors: Nesbit D.A. , Cowen M.C. , Grether G.F. , Drury J.P. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTAs species’ ranges shift in response to human-induced global changes, species interactions are expected to play a large role in shaping the resultant range dynamics and, subsequently, the composition of modified species assemblages. Most research on the impact of species interactions on range dynamics focuses on the effects of trophic interactions and exploitative competition for resources, but an emerging body of work shows that interspecific competition for territories and mates also affects species range shifts. As such, it is paramount to build a strong understanding of how these forms of behavioural interference between species impact landscape-scale patterns. Here, we examine recent (1997-2019) range dynamics of North American passerines to test the hypothesis that behavioural interference impacts the ease with which species move across landscapes. Over this 22-year period, we found that fine-scale spatial overlap between species (syntopy) increased more for species pairs that engage in interspecific territoriality than for those that do not. We found no evidence, however, for an effect of reproductive interference (hybridisation) on syntopy, and no effect of either type of interference on range-wide overlap (sympatry). Examining the net effects of species interactions on continent-scale range shifts may require species occurrence data spanning longer time periods than are currently available for North American passerines, but our results show that interspecific territoriality has had an overall stabilising influence on species coexistence over the past two decades.
Reduced oocyte quality and exacerbation of the maternal age effect are enduring consequences of low-level atrazine exposure in mouse
Authors: Yun Yan , Lee Sunkyung , So Christina , Manhas Rushali , Kim Carol , Wibowo Tabitha , Hori Michael , Hunter Neil 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDEgg development has unique features that render it vulnerable to environmental perturbation. The herbicide atrazine is an endocrine disruptor shown to have detrimental effects on reproduction across a number of vertebrate species.OBJECTIVESTo determine whether exposure to low levels of atrazine impairs meiosis in female mammals using a mouse model; in particular, whether and how the fidelity of oocyte chromosome segregation is affected, and whether the aging-related aneuploidy is exacerbated.METHODSFemale C57BL/6J mice were exposed to two levels of atrazine in drinking water, with the lower level corresponding to detected environmental contamination. To model exposure during development, atrazine was ingested by pregnant females at 0.5 days post coitum and continued until pups were weaned at 21 days post-partum. For adult exposure, 2-month-old females ingested atrazine for 3 months. For each exposure group, various indicators of oocyte quality were determined, including developmental capacity and chromosomal abnormalities during the two meiotic divisions.RESULTSDevelopmental exposure caused only minor effects on the fetal events of meiotic prophase-I and establishment of initial follicle pools. However, ovulation was enhanced while oocyte quality was significantly reduced. At the chromosome level, misalignment and numerical and structural abnormalities were increased at both meiotic divisions. Furthermore, fertilization efficiency was impaired in vitro, and apoptosis was elevated in blastocysts derived from the eggs of atrazine-exposed females. Similar levels of chromosomal defects were seen in oocytes following both developmental and adult exposure regimens suggesting that quiescent primordial follicles may be the consequential targets of atrazine. Importantly, defects were observed long after exposure was terminated. Moreover, dramatic increases in chromosomally abnormal oocytes were seen in older mice indicating that atrazine exposure during development exacerbates the effects of maternal aging on oocyte quality. Indeed, analogous to the effects of maternal age, atrazine exposure resulted in weakened cohesion between sister chromatids.CONCLUSIONLow-level atrazine exposure causes persistent changes to the female mammalian germline with potential consequences for reproductive lifespan and congenital disease.
Looking for a sign forecasting failure in actions: reaching errors triggered by a slowdown of movement and specific brain activity in preceding trials
Authors: Kobayashi Toshiki , Takemi Mitsuaki , Nozaki Daichi 
Published: August 2022

SummaryEven experts can sometimes fail while performing fully learned movements. Do such failures suddenly arise, or are there any forecasting signs? It has been reported that the kinematics of the early phase of movements can predict the failure, and brain activity patterns specific to failures are observed just before the movement onset. The presence of abnormal brain activity patterns long before (> 30 s) a failure in a cognitive task leads us to question if signs of a failure in action could exist in trials preceding the failure. Here, we examined this question using a reaching movement adaptation paradigm conventionally used to test motor learning dynamics. Firstly, the presence of a behavioral sign that preceded failures was observed: the peak velocity of the reaching movement significantly decreased in the preceding two trials. Secondly, specific theta and alpha band activity of EEG were observed in the failure trials and the trials preceding the failure. These results suggest that a failure in actions does not occur suddenly, and some signs preceding failures can be observed in the prior trials. Our approach may pave the way to investigate how we prevent failures and improve motor performance.
A statistical genetics guide to identifying HLA alleles driving complex disease
Authors: Sakaue Saori , Gurajala Saisriram , Curtis Michelle , Luo Yang , Choi Wanson , Ishigaki Kazuyoshi , Kang Joyce B. , Rumker Laurie , Deutsch Aaron J. , Schönherr Sebastian , Forer Lukas , LeFaive Jonathon , Fuchsberger Christian , Han Buhm , Lenz Tobias L. , de Bakker Paul I. W. , Smith Albert V. , Raychaudhuri Soumya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus is associated with more human complex diseases than any other locus. In many diseases it explains more heritability than all other known loci combined. Investigators have now demonstrated the accuracy of in silico HLA imputation methods. These approaches enable rapid and accurate estimation of HLA alleles in the millions of individuals that are already genotyped on microarrays. HLA imputation has been used to define causal variation in autoimmune diseases, such as type I diabetes, and infectious diseases, such as HIV infection control. However, there are few guidelines on performing HLA imputation, association testing, and fine-mapping. Here, we present comprehensive statistical genetics guide to impute HLA alleles from genotype data. We provide detailed protocols, including standard quality control measures for input genotyping data and describe options to impute HLA alleles and amino acids including a web-based Michigan Imputation Server. We updated the HLA imputation reference panel representing global populations (African, East Asian, European and Latino) available at the Michigan Imputation Server (n = 20,349) and achived high imputation accuracy (mean dosage correlation r = 0.981). We finally offer best practice recommendations to conduct association tests in order to define the alleles, amino acids, and haplotypes affecting human traits. This protocol will be broadly applicable to the large-scale genotyping data and contribute to defining the role of HLA in human diseases across global populations.
DBERlibR: Automated Data Analysis for Discipline-Based Education Research
Authors: Song Changsoo , Helikar Resa , Smith Wendy M. , Helikar Tomáš 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDiscipline-Based Education Research (DBER) scientists repeatedly analyze assessment data to ensure question items’ reliability and examine the efficacy of a new educational intervention. Analyzing assessment data comprises multiple steps and statistical techniques that consume much of researchers’ time and are error-prone. While education research continues to grow across many disciplines of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), the DBER community lacks tools to streamline education research data analysis. DBERlibR—an R package to streamline and automate DBER data processing and analysis—fills this gap. The package reads user-provided assessment data, cleans them, merges multiple datasets (as necessary), checks assumption(s) for specific statistical techniques (as necessary), applies various statistical tests (e.g., one-way analysis of covariance, one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance), and presents and interprets the results all at once. By providing the most frequently used analytic techniques, this package will contribute to DBER by facilitating the creation and widespread use of evidence-based knowledge and practices. The outputs contain a sample interpretation of the results for users’ convenience. User inputs are minimal; they only need to prepare the data files as instructed and type a function in RStudio to conduct a specific data analysis.
Premorbid performances determine the deleterious effects of nigrostriatal degeneration and pramipexole on behavioural flexibility
Authors: Decourt Mélina , Balado Eric , Francheteau Maureen , Solinas Marcello , Benoît-Marand Marianne , Fernagut Pierre-Olivier 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTSubtle cognitive impairment can occur early in the course of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and may manifest under different forms of executive dysfunction such as impaired cognitive flexibility. The precise contribution of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration to these non-motor features of the disease is poorly known. Whether such cognitive impairment associated with the disease process may also predate and contribute to the development of neuropsychiatric side-effects following dopamine replacement therapy remains largely unknown. To address these issues, we investigated the respective contributions of nigrostriatal degeneration and chronic treatment with the dopamine D3-preferring agonist pramipexole on behavioural flexibility in a rat model of PD. Flexible, intermediate and inflexible rats were identified based on baseline assessment of behavioural flexibility using an operant set-shifting task. Nigrostriatal degeneration was induced by bilateral viral-mediated expression of A53T mutated human α-synuclein in the substantia nigra pars compacta and behavioural flexibility was assessed after induction of nigrostriatal degeneration, and during chronic pramipexole treatment. Nigrostriatal degeneration impaired behavioural flexibility in flexible but not in inflexible rats. Pramipexole induced a decrease of behavioural flexibility that was exacerbated in lesioned rats and in the most flexible individuals. Furthermore, the deficits induced by pramipexole in lesioned rats affected different components of the task between flexible and inflexible individuals. This study demonstrates that nigrostriatal degeneration and pramipexole unequally impair behavioural flexibility, suggesting that the susceptibility to develop non-motor impairments upon treatment initiation could primarily depend on premorbid differences in behavioural flexibility.
Glioblastoma is associated with extensive accelerated brain ageing
Authors: Ainslie Anna P. , Klaver Myrthe , Voshart Daniëlle C. , Gerrits Emma , Eggen Bart J.L. , Bergink Steven , Barazzuol Lara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProgressive neurocognitive dysfunction is the leading cause of a reduced quality of life in patients with primary brain tumours. Understanding the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairments that occur in response to a brain tumour and its treatment is essential to improve patients’ quality of life. Here, we show that normal-appearing non-tumour brain regions of patients with glioblastoma display hallmarks of accelerated ageing and share multiple features with Alzheimer’s disease patients. Integrated transcriptomic and tissue analysis shows that normal-appearing brain tissue from glioblastoma patients has a significant overlap with brain tissue from Alzheimer’s disease patients, revealing shared mitochondrial and neuronal dysfunction, and proteostasis deregulation. Overall, the brain of glioblastoma patients undergoes Alzheimer’s disease-like accelerated ageing, providing novel or repurposed therapeutic targets for managing brain cancer-related side effects.