bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonochemical Synthesis of Large Two‐Dimensional Bi2O2CO3 Nanosheets for Hydrogen Evolution in Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Gupta Tushar , Rosza Nicole , Sauer Markus , Goetz Alexander , Winzely Maximilian , Rath Jakob , Naghdi Shaghayegh , Lechner Andreas , Apaydin Dogukan H. , Cherevan Alexey , Friedbacher Gernot , Foelske Annette , Skoff Sarah M. , Bayer Bernhard C. , Eder Dominik 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLaterally large (≈3 µm), atomically thin 2D Bi2O2CO3 nanosheets (2D bismuth oxycarbonate, 2D bismutite) are fabricated via sonochemically assisted, template‐free synthesis. Keys to the synthesis of the freestanding, laterally large 2D Bi2O2CO3 nanosheets from bulk Bi powder are choice of suspension medium, controlled reaction temperatures, and several hours processing time. Lateral sizes of 2D Bi2O2CO3 can be controlled between µm‐sized nanosheets and tens of nm sized nanoflakes solely based on the choice of suspension medium. The here introduced 2D Bi2O2CO3 nano‐sheets/‐flakes are then hybridized by a simple mix‐and‐match approach with TiO2 nanoparticles for testing in suspension‐type photocatalytic hydrogen production via water splitting. This introduces the 2D Bi2O2CO3 as a prospective noble‐metal‐free catalyst component with TiO2 for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, beyond Bi2O2CO3's current use as photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation. These results enrich the fabrication toolbox of emerging 2D pnictogen oxycarbonates toward large 2D nanosheets and demonstrate the potential of 2D Bi2O2CO3 as a catalyst component for hydrogen evolution in photocatalytic water splitting.
Amphiphilic Aminated Derivatives of [60]Fullerene as Potent Inhibitors of Tumor Growth and Metastasis
Authors: Huo Jiawei , Li Jie , Liu Yang , Yang Libin , Cao Xinran , Zhao Chong , Lu Yicheng , Zhou Wei , Li Shumu , Liu Jianan , Li Jiao , Li Xing , Wan Jing , Wen Rui , Zhen Mingming , Wang Chunru , Bai Chunli 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMalignant proliferation and metastasis are the hallmarks of cancer cells. Aminated [70]fullerene exhibits notable antineoplastic effects, promoting it a candidate for multi‐targeted cancer drugs. It is an urgent need to reveal the structure–activity relationship for antineoplastic aminated fullerenes. Herein, three amphiphilic derivatives of [60]fullerene with clarified molecular structures are synthesized: TAPC‐4, TAPC‐3, and TCPC‐4. TAPC‐4 inhibits the proliferation of diverse tumor cells via G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, reverses the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and abrogates the high mobility of tumor cells. TAPC‐4 can be excreted from the organism and achieves an in vivo inhibition index of 75.5% in tumor proliferation and 87.5% in metastatic melanoma with a wide safety margin. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the amphiphilic molecular structure and the ending amino groups promote the targeting of TAPC‐4 to heat shock protein Hsp90‐beta, vimentin, and myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9), probably resulting in the alteration of cyclin D1 translation, vimentin expression, and MYH9 location, respectively. This work initially emphasizes the dominant role of the amphiphilic structure and the terminal amino moieties in the antineoplastic effects of aminated fullerenes, providing fundamental support for their anti‐tumor drug development.
Differential Oral Microbial Input Determines Two Microbiota Pneumo‐Types Associated with Health Status
Authors: Zhang Jingxiang , Wu Yiping , Liu Jing , Yang Yongqiang , Li Hui , Wu Xiaorong , Zheng Xiaobin , Liang Yingjian , Tu Changli , Chen Meizhu , Tan Cuiyan , Chang Bozhen , Huang Yiying , Wang Zhengguo , Tian Guo‐Bao , Ding Tao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe oral and upper respiratory tracts are closely linked anatomically and physiologically with the lower respiratory tract and lungs, and the influence of oral and upper respiratory microbes on the lung microbiota is increasingly being recognized. However, the ecological process and individual heterogeneity of the oral and upper respiratory tract microbes shaping the lung microbiota remain unclear owing to the lack of controlled analyses with sufficient sample sizes. Here, the microbiomes of saliva, nasal cavity, oropharyngeal area, and bronchoalveolar lavage samples are profiled and the shaping process of multisource microbes on the lung microbiota is measured. It is found that oral and nasal microbial inputs jointly shape the lung microbiota by occupying different ecological niches. It is also observed that the spread of oral microbes to the lungs is heterogeneous, with more oral microbes entering the lungs being associated with decreased lung function and increased lung proinflammatory cytokines. These results depict the external shaping process of lung microbiota and indicate the great value of oral samples, such as saliva, in monitoring and assessing lung microbiota status in clinical settings.
Placental MRI Predicts Fetal Oxygenation and Growth Rates in Sheep and Human Pregnancy
Authors: Flouri Dimitra , Darby Jack R. T. , Holman Stacey L. , Cho Steven K. S. , Dimasi Catherine G. , Perumal Sunthara R. , Ourselin Sebastien , Aughwane Rosalind , Mufti Nada , Macgowan Christopher K. , Seed Mike , David Anna L. , Melbourne Andrew , Morrison Janna L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment of fetal blood oxygen saturation (SO2) can transform the clinical management of high‐risk pregnancies affected by fetal growth restriction (FGR). Here, a novel MRI method assesses the feasibility of identifying normally grown and FGR fetuses in sheep and is then applied to humans. MRI scans are performed in pregnant ewes at 110 and 140 days (term = 150d) gestation and in pregnant women at 28+3 ± 2+5 weeks to measure feto‐placental SO2. Birth weight is collected and, in sheep, fetal blood SO2 is measured with a blood gas analyzer (BGA). Fetal arterial SO2 measured by BGA predicts fetal birth weight in sheep and distinguishes between fetuses that are normally grown, small for gestational age, and FGR. MRI feto‐placental SO2 in late gestation is related to fetal blood SO2 measured by BGA and body weight. In sheep, MRI feto‐placental SO2 in mid‐gestation is related to fetal SO2 later in gestation. MRI feto‐placental SO2 distinguishes between normally grown and FGR fetuses, as well as distinguishing FGR fetuses with and without normal Doppler in humans. Thus, a multi‐compartment placental MRI model detects low placental SO2 and distinguishes between small hypoxemic fetuses and normally grown fetuses.
Proton‐Mediated and Ir‐Catalyzed Iron/Iron‐Oxide Redox Kinetics for Enhanced Rechargeability and Durability of Solid Oxide Iron–Air Battery
Authors: Tang Qiming , Morey Chaitali , Zhang Yongliang , Xu Nansheng , Sun Shichen , Huang Kevin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLong duration energy storage (LDES) is an economically attractive approach to accelerating clean renewable energy deployment. The newly emerged solid oxide iron–air battery (SOIAB) is intrinsically suited for LDES applications due to its excellent low‐rate performance (high‐capacity with high efficiency) and use of low‐cost and sustainable materials. However, rechargeability and durability of SOIAB are critically limited by the slow kinetics in iron/iron‐oxide redox couples. Here the use of combined proton‐conducting BaZr0.4Ce0.4Y0.1Yb0.1O3 (BZC4YYb) and reduction‐promoting catalyst Ir to address the kinetic issues, is reported. It is shown that, benefiting from the facilitated H+ diffusion and boosted FeOx‐reduction kinetics, the battery operated under 550 °C, 50% Fe‐utilization and 0.2 C, exhibits a discharge specific energy density of 601.9 Wh kg–1‐Fe with a round‐trip efficiency (RTE) of 82.9% for 250 h of a cycle duration of 2.5 h. Under 500 °C, 50% Fe‐utilization and 0.2 C, the same battery exhibits 520 Wh kg–1‐Fe discharge energy density with an RTE of 61.8% for 500 h. This level of energy storage performance promises that SOIAB is a strong candidate for LDES applications.
Ambipolar Organic Field‐Effect Transistors and Complementary Circuits Based on Single Crystals with Alcohol Treatment
Authors: Lin Chengce , Peng Boyu , Wu Jiake , Huang Zhuoting , Chen Min , Hu Dapeng , Ke Shifeng , Tee Benjamin Chee Keong , Li Hanying 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAmbipolar organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) are promising candidates for compact organic complementary circuits. High and balanced ambipolar mobilities that facilitate high operation speed and simplifying layout designs, as well as symmetric electrodes that minimize fabrication complexity are critical integrities for state‐of‐art ambipolar OFETs. Organic single crystals with intrinsic ambipolar characteristics are ideal active layer materials because of the high molecular ordering and low density of defects, whereas the generally low electron mobility hindered their further implantation. In this work, the highly crystallized 6,13‐bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene single crystals are employed and successfully unveiled the intrinsic high electron mobility by a facile alcohol treatment approach. The resulting ambipolar OFETs showed averaged hole and electron mobilities both higher than 1 cm2 V−1 s−1 by a single type of metal electrode. The presented ambipolar OFETs not only improved the static and dynamic performance of ambipolar OFET‐based complementary inverters and ring oscillators by showing a high voltage gain of 186 and a short stage delay time of 0.7 ms, but they also allowed one logic gate to show two logic functions and potentially benefit the design and functionalities of future OFET‐based complementary circuits as well.
Developing soil health scoring indices based on a comprehensive database under different land management practices in Florida
Authors: Amgain Naba R. , Xu Nan , Rabbany Abul , Fan Yuchuan , Bhadha Jehangir H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA standardized soil health scoring system would be a beneficial tool for accessing and interpreting the status of soil health in Florida. However, because of the climate variability and diverse soil types, a soil health soring function designed in one location may not be useful for other places. In this study, we focused on developing scoring functions for Florida soil using a soil health indicator database under different land management practices across Florida. A soil health scoring index for 11 soil health indicators was calculated for 398 soil samples using comprehensive assessment of soil health (CASH), linear or nonlinear scoring function, and additive and weighted‐additive methods. Based on communality and weights of total data sets (TDS), Mehlich‐3 phosphorus (M3P) contributed the most, whereas pH contributed the least to the indices. The nonlinear scoring function had higher scores than other scoring functions. Only mixed cropping systems had significant changes in soil health indicators before and after treatment. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that OM and M3P had the highest loading values compared with other indicators. Therefore, OM and M3P need to be considered if minimum number of indicators is to be measured while examining soil health indices pertinent to Florida soil types and land management practices. Overall, the findings of this study provide a foundation for creating and enhancing soil health indices in Florida.
A family of oligo(p‐phenylenevinylene) derivative aggregation‐induced emission probes: Ultrasensitive, rapid, and anti‐interfering fluorescent sensing of perchlorate via precise alkyl chain length modulation
Authors: Xiao Fangfang , Li Yushu , Li Jiguang , Lei Da , Wang Guangfa , Zhang Tianshi , Hu Xiaoyun , Dou Xincun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe precise regulation of interactions provided by aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) probes is of considerable significance for improving the sensing performance in the field of on‐site detection. Here, a highly sensitive perchlorate detection probe was designed by precisely modulating the van der Waals interactions by adjusting the length of the alkyl chain. The optimized AIE probe demonstrated superior perchlorate detection performance owing to its strong van der Waals interactions with perchlorate, including a low detection limit (53.81 nM), rapid response (<5 s), and excellent specificity even in the presence of 16 interfering anions. In addition, a hydrogel‐based device loaded with the probe was constructed to achieve ultrasensitive recognition of perchlorate particles with a detection limit as low as 15 fg under a fluorescence microscope. Moreover, the practicality of the probe was further verified by employing a sensing chip in a portable detector, and thus the probe has been proven to be highly promising for trace perchlorate monitoring in real scenarios. We expect the present study to be of great value for the efficient design of high‐performance fluorescent probes.
Patterns of leaf trait variation underlie ecological differences among sympatric tree species ofDamburneyain a tropical rainforest
Authors: Giraldo‐Kalil Laura J. , Campo Julio , Paz Horacio , Núñez‐Farfán Juan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPremiseAlthough ecological differentiation driven by altitude and soil is hypothesized to promote coexistence of sympatric tree species ofDamburneya(Lauraceae), the mechanistic role of leaf functional variation on ecological differentiation among co‐occurring species remains unexplored. We aimed to determine whether the patterns of leaf trait variation reflect ecological differences among sympatricDamburneyaspecies. We tested whether trait correlations underlying functional strategies and average species traits vary in response to local soil heterogeneity along an altitudinal gradient, potentially affecting species distributions.MethodsAt two contrasting altitudes (100, 1100 m a.s.l.) in a Mexican tropical rainforest, we characterized soil chemical and physical properties and sampled fourDamburneyaspecies to quantify five leaf functional traits. We used linear models to analyze paired and multivariate trait correlations, spatial and interspecific effects on trait variation, and trait response to local soil heterogeneity. Relative contributions of intra‐ and interspecific variation to local trait variability were quantified with an ANOVA.ResultsSoil nutrient availability was higher at low altitude, but all species had a high leaf N:P ratio across altitudes suggesting a limited P supply for plants. Species distribution differed altitudinally, with some species constrained to low or high altitude, potentially reflecting soil nutrient availability. Leaf traits responded to altitude and local soil properties, suggesting interspecific differences in functional strategies according to the leaf economics spectrum (conservative vs. acquisitive).ConclusionsThe interspecific divergence in functional strategies in response to local environmental conditions suggests that trait variation could underlie ecological differentiation amongDamburneyasympatric species.
Water and nutrient availability exert selection on reproductive phenology
Authors: MacTavish Rachel , Anderson Jill T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPremiseGlobal change has changed resource availability to plants, which could shift the adaptive landscape. We hypothesize that novel water and nutrient availability combinations alter patterns of natural selection on reproductive phenology in Boechera stricta (Brassicaceae) and influence the evolution of local adaptation.MethodsWe conducted a multifactorial greenhouse study using 35 accessions of B. stricta sourced from a broad elevational gradient in the Rocky Mountains. We exposed full siblings to three soil water and two nutrient availability treatment levels, reflecting current and projected future conditions. In addition, we quantified fitness (seed count) and four phenological traits: the timing of first flowering, the duration of flowering, and height and leaf number at flowering.ResultsSelection favored early flowering and longer duration of flowering, and the genetic correlation between these traits accorded with the direction of selection. In most treatments, we found selection for increased height, but selection on leaf number depended on water availability, with selection favoring more leaves in well‐watered conditions and fewer leaves under severe drought. Low‐elevation genotypes had the greatest fitness under drought stress, consistent with local adaptation.ConclusionsWe found evidence of strong selection on these heritable traits. Furthermore, the direction and strength of selection on size at flowering depended on the variable measured (height vs. leaf number). Finally, selection often favored both early flowering and a longer duration of flowering. Selection on these two components of phenology can be difficult to disentangle due to tight genetic correlations.
Study of the effect of different functionalized magnesium hydroxide prepared by mechanochemical method on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of styrene‐ethylene‐butadiene‐styrene/polypropylene composites
Authors: Wang Jingming , Wang Xiaoyang , Chu Zhen , Liu Jia , Long Shijie , Xu Shuying , Wang Dun , Wang Jieqiong , Liu Zhongxin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSolvent‐free synthetic methods have received more attention because of their reducing chemical waste and simplifying the process. A series of functionalized magnesium hydroxides (FMHs) were successfully modified with siloxanes containing different functional groups (Octyl: OTES, Octadecyl: OTMS, Phenyl: PTMS, Vinyl: VTEO, and 3‐Aminopropyl: APS) via a solvent‐free mechanochemical method. Ball milling conditions (such as reaction time, siloxane/MH ratio), the morphology, surface properties and particle size of the FMHs were investigated in detail and the results showed that both of the adjustment of particle size and the modification of surface of MH were successfully achieved at one time within 20 min. All FMHs were successfully converted from hydrophilic to hydrophobic except for the sample modified by the silane containing APS group. The influence of the different functional groups and particle size of FMHs on the mechanical properties and flame retardancy of styrene‐ethylene‐butadiene‐styrene (SEBS)/polypropylene (PP) composites were discussed. Compared with original MH/SEBS/PP, the FMHs/SEBS/PP composites have better tensile strength and elongation at break. When 68 wt% of FMHs were added to the SEBS/PP matrix, the composites can pass V‐0 rating of UL‐94 testing, and their limiting oxygen index values are above 32.3%. Meanwhile, the composites also exhibited strong smoke suppression.
Battery Materials Discovery and Smart Grid Management using Machine Learning
Authors: Wong Andrew Jun Yao , Zhou Xin , Lum Yanwei , Yao Zhenpeng , Chua Yang Choo , Wen Yonggang , Seh Zhi Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy represents a grand challenge for humankind. For this vision to come to pass, significant advances in energy storage technologies such as batteries, which solve the intermittency of renewable energy, need to be achieved. Developing new battery materials with higher capacities and longer lifetimes is thus of paramount importance. Moreover, the intermittency of renewable energy presents a significant challenge to smart grid management. To this end, researchers have begun turning to machine learning (ML) techniques: algorithms that learn from datasets and automatically improve through experience. These can be used to make predictions and informed decisions, which can accelerate the process of materials discovery and systems management. Here we discuss key ML concepts that have guided important developments in battery materials discovery and smart grid management. In the process, we also examine critical challenges, future opportunities, and how ML can make a significant impact.
The relation between sensory processing sensitivity and telomere length in adolescents
Authors: Jentsch Armin , Hoferichter Frances , Raufelder Diana , Hageman Geja , Maas Lou 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn the present study, we investigated the association between sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) and telomere length (TL), which is considered a biomarker of cellular aging. SPS is an individual characteristic describing increased perception and procession of inner or outer stimuli, and is positively related to self‐perceived stress.MethodsWe recruited 82 healthy adolescents aged 13–16 from secondary schools in Germany. SPS was measured with the Highly Sensitive Person Scale, and TL was determined by a multiplex quantitative PCR method.ResultsOur results show that students with higher values of SPS are likely to have shorter telomeres (β = 0.337, p = .001), when adjusting for sex, socioeconomic status, age, and body mass index. These findings are also independent of the negative impact of stress students might have perceived shortly before data collection.ConclusionsOur analysis suggests that students who struggle with low sensory threshold are likely to have shorter telomeres.
Prognostic risk assessment model for alternative splicing events and splicing factors in malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Jiang Yue , Zhang Chengda , Chen Yang , Zhao Shiyu , He Yipeng , He Jun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundMalignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and highly malignant thoracic tumor. Although alternative splicing (AS) is associated with tumor prognosis, the prognostic significance of AS in MPM is unknown.MethodsTranscriptomic data, clinical information, and splicing percentage values for MPM were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and TCGA SpliceSeq databases. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariate Cox analyses were performed to establish a model affecting the prognosis of MPM. Survival and ROC analyses were used to test the effects of the prognostic model. LASSO/multivariate Cox analysis was used to construct the MPM prognostic splicing factor (SF) model. The SF–AS interaction network was analyzed using Spearman correlation and visualized using Cytoscape. The association between the MPM prognostic SF model and drug sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin was analyzed using pRRophetic.R.ResultsThe LASSO/multivariate Cox analysis identified 41 AS events and 2 SFs that were mostly associated with survival. Nine prognostic prediction models (i.e., seven types of AS model, total AS model, and SF model) were developed. An MPM prognostic SF–AS regulatory network was subsequently constructed with decreased drug sensitivity in the SF model high‐risk group (p = 0.025).ConclusionThis study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the prognostic value of AS events and SFs in MPM. The SF–AS regulatory network established in this study and our drug sensitivity analysis using the SF model may provide novel targets for pharmacological studies of MPM.