bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Trusted Sources and Behavioral Beliefs in Promoting Mitigation Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Survey Study
Authors: Hanson Bridget L , Finley Kari , Otto Jay , Ward Nicholas J 
Published: June 2022

Background
During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and in preparation for future public health crises, it is important to understand the relationship between individuals’ health beliefs, including their trust in various sources of health information, and their engagement in mitigation behaviors.

Objective
We sought to identify relationships between trust in various sources of health information and the behavioral beliefs related to vaccination and mask wearing as well as to understand how behavioral beliefs related to vaccination differ by willingness to be vaccinated.

Methods
We conducted an online survey of 1034 adults in the United States and assessed their trust in federal, local, and media sources of health information; their beliefs about vaccination; and their masking intention and vaccination willingness.

Results
Using regression, masking intention was predicted by trust in the World Health Organization (P<.05) and participants’ state public health offices (P<.05), while vaccine willingness was predicted by trust in participants’ own health care providers (P<.05) and pharmaceutical companies (P<.001). Compared to individuals with low willingness to be vaccinated, individuals with high willingness indicated greater endorsement of beliefs that vaccines would support a return to normalcy, are safe, and are a social responsibility (P<.001 for all).

Conclusions
Results can be used to inform ongoing public health messaging campaigns to manage the COVID-19 pandemic and increase readiness for the next pandemic. Additionally, results support the need to bolster the public’s trust in health care agencies as well as to enhance trust and respect in health care providers to increase people’s adoption of mitigation behaviors.
Chatbot-Delivered COVID-19 Vaccine Communication Message Preferences of Young Adults and Public Health Workers in Urban American Communities: Qualitative Study
Authors: Weeks Rose , Cooper Lyra , Sangha Pooja , Sedoc João , White Sydney , Toledo Assaf , Gretz Shai , Lahav Dan , Martin Nina , Michel Alexandra , Lee Jae Hyoung , Slonim Noam , Bar-Zeev Naor 
Published: June 2022

Background
Automated conversational agents, or chatbots, have a role in reinforcing evidence-based guidance delivered through other media and offer an accessible, individually tailored channel for public engagement. In early-to-mid 2021, young adults and minority populations disproportionately affected by COVID-19 in the United States were more likely to be hesitant toward COVID-19 vaccines, citing concerns regarding vaccine safety and effectiveness. Successful chatbot communication requires purposive understanding of user needs.

Objective
We aimed to review the acceptability of messages to be delivered by a chatbot named VIRA from Johns Hopkins University. The study investigated which message styles were preferred by young, urban-dwelling Americans as well as public health workers, since we anticipated that the chatbot would be used by the latter as a job aid.

Methods
We conducted 4 web-based focus groups with 20 racially and ethnically diverse young adults aged 18-28 years and public health workers aged 25-61 years living in or near eastern-US cities. We tested 6 message styles, asking participants to select a preferred response style for a chatbot answering common questions about COVID-19 vaccines. We transcribed, coded, and categorized emerging themes within the discussions of message content, style, and framing.

Results
Participants preferred messages that began with an empathetic reflection of a user concern and concluded with a straightforward, fact-supported response. Most participants disapproved of moralistic or reasoning-based appeals to get vaccinated, although public health workers felt that such strong statements appealing to communal responsibility were warranted. Responses tested with humor and testimonials did not appeal to the participants.

Conclusions
To foster credibility, chatbots targeting young people with vaccine-related messaging should aim to build rapport with users by deploying empathic, reflective statements, followed by direct and comprehensive responses to user queries. Further studies are needed to inform the appropriate use of user-customized testimonials and humor in the context of chatbot communication.
Tanggung Jawab Penyedia Layanan Aplikasi Marketplace Terhadap Konsumen Dalam Transaksi Jual Beli Online di Provinsi Jambi
Authors: Winarsih Indri , Oktaviarni Firya 
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the responsibilities of market application providers to consumers in online buying and selling transactions in Jambi Province. In answering this problem, the authors use a research method with an empirical juridical approach. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively and then presented descriptively. The results of this study indicate that market providers are responsible for providing a means of reporting or complaints and following up on problems, bridging in solving problems between sellers or sellers in the market and consumers and are responsible for the implementation of their electronic systems even though they are not maximally as expected, obligations and responsibilities. marketplace providers to consumers in online buying and selling transactions in Jambi Province on the obligations and responsibilities in Law Number 80 of 2019 concerning Trade through Electronic Systems, Circular of the Minister of Communication and Information Technology Number 5 of 2016 concerning Limitations of Platform Providers and Merchants (Merchants) Trading through Electronic Systems (Electronic Commerce) in the form of User Generated Content (UGC) as well as consumer rights in Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection.
Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui mengenai tanggung jawab penyedia aplikasi marketplace terhadap konsumen dalam transaksi jual beli online di Provinsi Jambi. Dalam menjawab masalah tersebut penulis mengguanakan metode penelitian dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara kaualitatif dan kemudian disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penyedia marketplace bertanggung jawab dalam menyediakan sarana pelaporan atau pengaduan dan menindaklanjuti permasalahan, menjembatani dalam penyelesaian permasalahan antara penjual atau seller dalam marketplace dengan konsumen dan bertanggungjawab atas penyelenggaraan sistem elektroniknya meskipun belum secara maksimal seperti yang diharapkan, kewajiban dan tanggung jawab penyeda marketplace terhadap konsumen dalam transasksi jual beli online di Provinsi Jambi pada dasarnya meliputi kewajiban dan tanggung jawab dalam Undang Undang Nomor 80 Tahun 2019 tentang Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik, Surat Edaran Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika Nomor 5 Tahun 2016 tentang Batasan Penyedia Platform dan Pedagang (Merchant) Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik (Electronic Commerce) yang berbentuk User Generated Content (UGC) serta hak konsumen dalam Undang Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Pelindungan Konsumen.
Pelaksanaan Kewajiban Orang Tua Terhadap Anak Pasca Perceraian Di Wilayah Pengadilan Agama Kuala Tungkal
Authors: Suci Agustina Rahmi , Erwita Yenni 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRAK
Penelitian yang dilakukan di dalam skripsi ini adalah tinjauan yuridis empiris tentang tanggung jawab orang tua terhadap anak pasca perceraian dibentuk dalam dua rumusan masalah, yaitu: 1. Untuk memahami dan menganalisis tanggung jawab orang tua terhadap anak pasca perceraian di Wilayah Pengadilan Agama Kuala Tungkal. 2. Untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis apa saja kendala dalam pelaksanaan tanggung jawab orang tua terhadap anak pasca perceraian di Wilayah Pengadilan Agama Kuala Tungkal. Adapun sumber data penelitian ini adalah para pihak yang bercerai di wilayah pengadilan agama kuala tungkal, tetangga dari para pihak, dan juga ketua RT setempat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tanggung jawab orang tua terhadap anak pasca perceraian di Wilayah Pengadilan Agama Kuala Tungkal dalam tinjauan Undang-Undang Perkawinan dan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan dalam Undang-Undang Perkawinan dan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak yang disebabkan beberapa faktor kendala, antara lain kurangnya komunikasi antara suami dan istri, keterbatasan ekonomi, rendahnya pendidikan orang tua, serta rendahnya moral orang tua.
Kata kunci : Tanggung Jawab Orang Tua Setelah Perceraian, Hak Anak Setelah Perceraian
ABSTRACT
This research is an empirical juridical review of the responsibility of parents towards children after divorce which is formed in two formulations of problems, namely: 1. To understand and analyze the responsibility of parents to children after divorce in the Kuala Tungkal Religious Court. 2. To find out and analyze what are the obstacles in the implementation of parental responsibility for children after divorce in the Kuala Tungkal Religious Court Area. The data sources of this study were the divorced parties in the Kuala Tungkal religious court, neighbors of the parties, and also the head of the local RT. Data collection methods used were observation, interviews with the Defendants and Plaintiffs.
The results of this study indicate that the responsibility of parents to children after divorce in the Kuala Tungkal Religious Court area in the review of the Marriage Law and the Child Protection Law is not in accordance with the provisions in the Marriage Law and the Child Protection Law due to several factors. obstacles, including lack of communication between husband and wife, economic limitations, low parental education, and low parental morale.
Keywords : Responsibilities of Parents After Divorce, Rights of Children After Divorce
Pelaksanaan Perjanjian Pengadaan Barang Dan Jasa Pemerintah Pekerjaan Konstruksi Rehab Pagar Pasar Raya Kota Solok
Authors: Rizky Sakinah Radesza 
Published: June 2022

This research aims to find out and analyze the rights and obligations of the parties in the implementation of government procurement agreements for goods and services for construction work on the reconstruction of the solok city market fence and efforts to resolve disputes in the implementation of government procurement agreements for goods and services for construction work on the reconstruction of the solok market fence between Dinas Perdagangan, Koperasi, Usaha Kecil dan Menengah Kota Solok against CV Insan Cita Company. The research method that the authors used in this study is empirical juridical. The results of this study showed that there had been a default by the Dinas Perdagangan, Koperasi, Usaha Kecil dan Menengah Kota Solok against CV Insan Cita Company by not paying wages for work. In Surat Perintah Kerja (SPK): 8/SPK/DPUKM/2018 the payment of work wages will be paid when the work has been completed. The service provider in this case has completed the work on time and in accordance with what is contained in the SPK, but the service user does not pay the wages on the grounds that the job description done is not in accordance with what is contained in the SPK. The service provider then sued the service user to the Solok District Court. In the proceedings, the parties also mediated and agreed on a Peace Act which states that the payment of working wages is carried out by budgeting back to the 2020 APBD Changes.

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis hak dan kewajiban para pihak dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian pengadaan barang dan jasa pemerintah pekerjaan konstruksi rehab pagar pasar raya Kota Solok dan upaya penyelesaian terhadap sengketa dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian pengadaan barang dan jasa pemerintah pekerjaan konstruksi rehab pagar pasar raya Kota Solok antara Dinas Perdagangan, Koperasi, Usaha Kecil dan Menengah Kota Solok dengan CV Insan Cita Company. Metode penelitian yang penulis gunakan pada penelitian ini adalah yuridis empiris. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi wanprestasi oleh Dinas Perdagangan, Koperasi, Usaha Kecil dan Menengah Kota Solok terhadap CV Insan Cita Company dengan tidak membayarkan upah pekerjaan. Dalam Surat Perintah Kerja (SPK): 8/SPK/DPUKM/2018 pembayaran upah pekerjaan akan dibayarkan apabila pekerjaan tersebut telah selesai dilakukan. Penyedia jasa dalam hal ini telah menyelesaikan pekerjaan tersebut tepat waktu dan sesuai dengan yang dimuat dalam SPK, tetapi pengguna jasa tidak membayarkan upah dengan alasan uraian pekerjaan yang dilakukan tidak sesuai dengan apa yang dimuat dalam SPK. Pihak penyedia jasa kemudian menggugat pihak pengguna jasa ke Pengadilan Negeri Kota Solok. Dalam proses persidangan para pihak juga melakukan mediasi dan menyepakati Akta Perdamaian yang menyatakan bahwa pembayaran upah pekerjaan dilakukan dengan menganggarkan kembali pada Perubahan APBD tahun 2020.
Impacts of climate change and human activities on streamflow of Upper Yongding River Basin, North China
Authors: deng qiangli , Guo Ying , Qi Yongqing , Shen Yan-Jun , Shen Yanjun 
Published: June 2022

Streamflow plays a key role in ecosystem and human society, which make
it important to analyse the characteristics and influencing factors of
streamflow. Using hydro-meteorological data series during 1961-2017 in
the Upper Yongding River Basin (UYRB)( including Yang River Basin (YRB)
and Sanggan River Basin (SRB)), Spatio-temporal variation
characteristics of air temperature, precipitation and potential
evapotranspiration (E ) were analysed. Results showed
that: precipitation has no significant trend; temperature shows a
significant increase by 0.09–0.52℃ per decade; E
shows a significant decrease from -0.18 mm/yr to -2.04 mm/yr (in 18
stations); the estimated rates of streamflow change are –0.74,
–0.80mm/yr for SRB and YRB. As to spatial distribution: the YRB
presents a higher E value than the SRB; and the
mountain area has more precipitation than the plain area. And the change
points of streamflow occurred in 1982 and 2003. Both Budyko and DMC
method were used to evaluate the impacts of climate change and human
activities on mean annual streamflow. In the variation stage Ⅰ
(1983~2003), impacts of human activities account for
90.6% and 62.7% of the mean annual streamflow changes in YRB and SRB,
respectively. In the variation stage Ⅱ (2004~2017), the
percentages are 99.5% and 93.5%, respectively. It is also noted that
the first change point in streamflow was indeed at the beginning of
China’s land reform, when the farmers can manage their reallocated lands
and therefore increased agricultural water consumption. The second
change point coincided with “Capital Water Resources Planning”
including water conservation projects and irrigation district
construction programs. In general, human activities were mainly
responsible for the significant decline in the annual streamflow of
UYRB. This paper will provide valuable results for water resources
planning and give guidance to the construction of water conservation
function area and ecological environment support area of capital.
Determinants and Consequences of Audit Pricing for Charities, Including the Provision of Pro Bono Audits
Authors: Yang Yitang (Jenny) , Simnett Roger 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARY
Using unique Australian data, we first identify the determinants of the provision of pro bono audits to charities and examine their consequential audit quality. This advances our knowledge about how often and why auditors volunteer their services, and whether quality concerns are realized. Then, for non-pro bono audits, we calculate abnormal audit fees and examine their impact on audit quality. We find that pro bono audits are mainly supplied by Big 4 auditors to charities with greater public donations, a lower debt ratio, and operating in multiple locations. We are unable to identify evidence of impaired audit quality when comparing pro bono audits with non-pro bono audits. For non-pro bono audits, audit fees are significantly associated with size, complexity, and revenue sources, with premiums paid to larger audit firms. We find evidence consistent with reduced audit quality associated with negative abnormal audit fees for non-Big 4 audits.
Cardiorenal Complications in Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Compared Between White Americans and African Americans
Authors: Paul Sanjoy K. , Shaw Jonathan E. , Fenici Peter , Montvida Olga 
Published: June 2022

OBJECTIVE
To explore risks and associated mediation effects of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and heart failure (HF) in young- and usual-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) between White Americans (WAs) and African Americans (AAs).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
From U.S. medical records, 1,491,672 WAs and 31,133 AAs were identified and stratified by T2D age of onset (18–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–70 years). Risks, mediation effects, and time to CKD and HF were evaluated, adjusting for time-varying confounders.

RESULTS
In the 18–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–70 age-groups, the hazard ratios (of developing CKD and HF in AAs versus WAs were 1.21 (95% CI 1.17–1.26) and 2.21 (1.98–2.45), 1.25 (1.22–1.28) and 1.86 (1.75–1.97), 1.21 (1.19–1.24) and 1.54 (1.48–1.60), and 1.10 (1.08–1.12) and 1.11 (1.07–1.15), respectively. In AAs and WAs aged 18–39 years, time in years to CKD (8.7 [95% CI 8.2–9.1] and 9.7 [9.2–10.2]) and HF (10.3 [9.3–11.2] and 12.1 [10.6–13.5]) were, on average, 3.6 and 4.0 and 3.1 and 4.1 years longer compared with those diagnosed at age 60–70 years. Compared with females, AA males aged &lt;60 years had an 11–49% higher CKD risk, while WA males aged &lt;40 years had a 23% higher and those aged ≥50 years a 7–14% lower CKD risk, respectively. The mediation effects of CKD on the HF risk difference between ethnicities across age-groups (range 54–91%) were higher compared with those of HF on CKD risk difference between ethnicities across age-groups (13–39%).

CONCLUSIONS
Developing cardiorenal complications within an average of 10 years of young-onset T2DM and high mediation effects of CKD on HF call for revisiting guidelines on early diagnosis and proactive treatment strategies for effective management of cardiometabolic risk.
Brain Structure Among Middle-aged and Older Adults With Long-standing Type 1 Diabetes in the DCCT/EDIC Study
Authors: Jacobson Alan M. , Braffett Barbara H. , Erus Guray , Ryan Christopher M. , Biessels Geert J. , Luchsinger José A. , Bebu Ionut , Gubitosi-Klug Rose A. , Desiderio Lisa , Lorenzi Gayle M. , Trapani Victoria R. , Lachin John M. , Bryan R. Nick , Habes Mohamad , Nasrallah Ilya M. ,   the DCCT/EDIC Research Group
Published: June 2022

OBJECTIVEIndividuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are living to ages when neuropathological changes are increasingly evident. We hypothesized that middle-aged and older adults with long-standing T1DM will show abnormal brain structure in comparison with control subjects without diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSMRI was used to compare brain structure among 416 T1DM participants in the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study with that of 99 demographically similar control subjects without diabetes at 26 U.S. and Canadian sites. Assessments included total brain (TBV) (primary outcome), gray matter (GMV), white matter (WMV), ventricle, and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes and total white matter mean fractional anisotropy (FA). Biomedical assessments included HbA1c and lipid levels, blood pressure, and cognitive assessments of memory and psychomotor and mental efficiency (PME). Among EDIC participants, HbA1c, severe hypoglycemia history, and vascular complications were measured longitudinally.RESULTSMean age of EDIC participants and control subjects was 60 years. T1DM participants showed significantly smaller TBV (least squares mean ± SE 1,206 ± 1.7 vs. 1,229 ± 3.5 cm3, P &lt; 0.0001), GMV, and WMV and greater ventricle and WMH volumes but no differences in total white matter mean FA versus control subjects. Structural MRI measures in T1DM were equivalent to those of control subjects who were 4–9 years older. Lower PME scores were associated with altered brain structure on all MRI measures in T1DM participants.CONCLUSIONSMiddle-aged and older adults with T1DM showed brain volume loss and increased vascular injury in comparison with control subjects without diabetes, equivalent to 4–9 years of brain aging.
Sharps Disposal Practices Among People With Diabetes in a Community Care Clinic
Authors: Charbonneau Maria S. , Parsons Katelyn A. , Danckert Daniel C. , Silveira Kathleen , Shcherbakova Natalia , Capoccia Kam L. 
Published: June 2022

Objectives
The primary objective of this study was to determine sharps disposal practices among people with diabetes in a community care clinic. Secondary objectives were to identify patterns of sharps use and barriers to proper use.

Methods
Surveys were distributed to patients at a community care clinic in person and via mail. Survey questions focused on how sharps are used and disposed of, the frequency of sharps changes, sharps disposal training, sharps identification, and confidence in sharps disposal. Participant demographics and diabetes profiles were also collected.

Findings
Among 89 respondents, mean age was 60 years (range 29–93 years), 61.8% were Caucasian, 88.8% had type 2 diabetes, and 60.7% had had a diabetes diagnosis for ≤10 years, with diverse diabetes management methods; 57.3% did not receive or were unsure of sharps training, 25.8% discarded used sharps without a designated sharps container, and 37.1% properly disposed of sharps containers at sharps disposal facilities. Barriers to proper sharps practices included perceived safety of reusing sharps and waste with single use, cost, and the hassle of disposal. Those with prior sharps training were more likely to properly use and discard sharps; however, gaps in knowledge were still evident in this population.

Conclusion
Results indicate gaps in proper sharps use and disposal knowledge among people with diabetes. Responses revealed sharps practices that are inconsistent with current federal and state regulations and are potentially dangerous for those handling improperly discarded sharps. Targeted sharps usage and disposal education resources are needed for individuals with and without prior sharps training.
Racial Discrimination in Novel We Cast A Shadow (2019) by Maurice Carlos Ruffin
Authors: Ritma Ritma , Marlina Leni 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study is aimed to seek how far the novel of We Cast A Shadow (2019) by Maurice Carlos Ruffin reflected the issues of racial discrimination. Racial discrimination refers to the character who face discrimination through mistreatment and violence that make a great impact in the future. The unnamed character had been through a difficult time since he was a child. This analysis is related to the postcolonial theory proposed by Pieterse and Powell (2016). The use of theory was based on the interpretation in the text and context of the novel. The data was collected from the quotation in the novel. The data collection was in the form of sentences and paragraphs. This research was a descriptive and content analysis study. The result of the study shows that the racial discrimination of African-American character can be seen through violence to African-American and arbitrary Policy on Economic Aspect. In conclusion, in this post-civil rights movement era, African-Americans still face racial discrimination.