bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oesophageal secretions reveal local food‐specific antibody responses in eosinophilic oesophagitis
Authors: Pyne Ashley L. , Hazel Mark W. , Uchida Amiko M. , Qeadan Fares , Jordan Kristine C. , Holman Amy , Harward Brinnlie , Gleich Gerald J. , Peterson Kathryn A. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryBackgroundEosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is associated with elevated IgG4 in oesophageal tissue and serum. Previously, we showed brush‐collected oesophageal secretions of EoE patients contained food antigen‐specific antibodies IgA and IgG4. It is unknown whether other food‐specific antibodies are present along the surface of the oesophagus in EoE.AimTo identify whether immunoglobulins other than IgG4 and food‐specific antibodies are elevated along the oesophageal mucosal surface in oesophageal secretions in EoE patientsMethodsConcentrations of total IgA, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgM and IgE were measured in oesophageal secretions from patients with active (n = 19) and inactive EoE (n = 9), and non‐EoE controls (n = 10). Food‐specific antibodies were measured using beads coupled to protein components from dairy, wheat and egg. Total immunoglobulin and cytokine and chemokine concentrations were measured in serum, saliva and oesophageal secretions of four patients with active EoE.ResultsOesophageal secretions have a unique immune profile. Patients with active EoE had elevated IgG2, IgG4 and IgM concentrations in oesophageal secretions compared to those with inactive EoE. Food‐specific IgG1, IgG2, IgG4 and IgM were significantly increased in patients with active EoE compared to inactive EoE and non‐EoE patients. Furthermore, active patients with a known dairy trigger display higher dairy‐specific IgG1, IgG2, IgG4, IgM, IgA and IgE.ConclusionsThere is a distinct localised profile of immunoglobulins and food‐specific antibodies found within oesophageal secretions in EoE. These findings expand our knowledge about the currently identified immune responses in EoE and suggest possible roles for multiple immunoglobulins and food‐specific antibodies in the pathophysiology of EoE.
Validation of the Achalasia Patient‐Reported Outcomes Questionnaire
Authors: Pandolfino John E. , Carlson Dustin A. , McGarva Josie , Kahrilas Peter J. , Vaezi Michael , Katzka David , Taft Tiffany H. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryBackgroundAchalasia is a debilitating major motor disorder of the oesophagus. Hypervigilance and symptom‐specific anxiety substantially impact dysphagia symptom reporting, and quality of life is a critical patient outcome. Earlier achalasia symptom scales did not consider these constructs in their psychometric development.AimTo develop a new symptom measure, the Achalasia Patient‐Reported Outcomes (APRO) QuestionnaireMethodsFour gastroenterologists with achalasia expertise generated preliminary items. Patients reviewed items via cognitive interviews. Patients undergoing high‐resolution manometry completed the APRO with Oesophageal Hypervigilance and Anxiety Scale, Northwestern Oesophageal Quality of Life Scale, and three measures of reflux and dysphagia. Full APRO psychometric assessment (reliability, validity, factor structure) was done. Cluster analysis evaluated APRO + symptom‐anxiety/hypervigilance patient phenotypes.ResultsWe included 961 patients with normal motility and 296 with achalasia. The APRO yielded three subscales: dysphagia, reflux, chest pain with two items for weight change and diet modifications. Reliability and validity were excellent. Twenty‐five percent of achalasia patients may have high levels of anxiety/hypervigilance despite low symptoms, while 8% may report severe symptoms with low anxiety/hypervigilance. The APRO significantly predicted quality of life, but less cognitive‐affective processes.ConclusionsThe APRO is a reliable and valid measure of achalasia symptoms that addresses the limitations of existing questionnaires. Symptom anxiety and hypervigilance moderate the relationship between APRO and quality of life; 33% of patients with achalasia exhibit concerning patterns in symptom severity, anxiety and hypervigilance that may contribute to poorer outcomes.
Concave Likelihood-Based Regression with Finite-Support Response Variables
Authors: Ekvall K.O. , Bottai M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We propose a unified framework for likelihood-based regression modeling when the response variable has finite support. Our work is motivated by the fact that, in practice, observed data are discrete and bounded. The proposed methods assume a model which includes models previously considered for interval-censored variables with log-concave distributions as special cases. The resulting log-likelihood is concave, which we use to establish asymptotic normality of its maximizer as the number of observations n tends to infinity with the number of parameters d fixed, and rates of convergence of L1-regularized estimators when the true parameter vector is sparse and d and n both tend to infinity with . We consider an inexact proximal Newton algorithm for computing estimates and give theoretical guarantees for its convergence. The range of possible applications is wide, including but not limited to survival analysis in discrete time, the modeling of outcomes on scored surveys and questionnaires, and, more generally, interval-censored regression. The applicability and usefulness of the proposed methods are illustrated in simulations and data examples.
Immunomodulation for early‐onset haemolytic disease of the fetus/newborn: Can we delay the need for intrauterine transfusions?
Authors: Moise Kenneth J. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryWhen cases of severe fetal anaemia due to maternal red‐cell alloimmunization present in the early second trimester, standard treatment with intrauterine transfusion often results in fetal loss. The report by Vlachodimitropoulou et al. offers new insight into the use of maternal intravenous immune globulin to delay the need for intrauterine transfusion. Performing these procedures at a later gestational age increases the likelihood of technical success and subsequent perinatal survival.Commentary on: Vlachodimitropoulou et al. Intravenous immune globulin in the management of severe early onset of red cell alloimmunization. Br J Haematol 2023; 200:97‐103
BSACIguideline for the set‐up of penicillin allergy de‐labelling services by non‐allergists working in a hospital setting
Authors: Savic Louise , Ardern‐Jones Michael , Avery Anthony , Cook Tim , Denman Sarah , Farooque Sophie , Garcez Tomaz , Gold Rochelle , Jay Nicola , Krishna Mamidipudi Thirumala , Leech Sue , McKibben Shauna , Nasser Shuaib , Premchand Nikhil , Sandoe Jonathan , Sneddon Jacqueline , Warner Amena 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Standards of Care Committee of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology (BSACI) and a committee of experts and key stakeholders have developed this guideline for the evaluation and testing of patients with an unsubstantiated label of penicillin allergy. The guideline is intended for UK clinicians who are not trained in allergy or immunology, but who wish to develop a penicillin allergy de‐labelling service for their patients. It is intended to supplement the BSACI 2015 guideline “Management of allergy to penicillin and other beta‐lactams” and therefore does not detail the epidemiology or aetiology of penicillin allergy, as this is covered extensively in the 2015 guideline (1). The guideline is intended for use only in patients with a label of penicillin allergy and does not apply to other beta‐lactam allergies. The recommendations include a checklist to identify patients at low risk of allergy and a framework for the conduct of drug provocation testing by non‐allergists. There are separate sections for adults and paediatrics within the guideline, in recognition of the common differences in reported allergy history and likelihood of true allergy.
Response to school‐based interventions for overweight and obesity: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Arlinghaus Katherine R. , Cepni Aliye B. , Helbing Rachel R. , Goodman Lenora P. , Ledoux Tracey A. , Johnston Craig A. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryHeterogeneity of response to paediatric obesity interventions is one of the greatest challenges to obesity care. While evaluating school‐based interventions by mean changes compared to control is important, it does not provide an understanding of the individual variability in response to intervention. The objective of this study was to comprehensively review school‐based interventions that reported study results in terms of response and identify definitions of response used. A scoping review was conducted using a systematic search of five scientific databases from 2009 to 2021. Inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trial design, school‐based setting, weight‐based outcomes (e.g., BMI, BMI z‐score), weight‐based outcomes analysed among youth with overweight/obesity, a study conducted in a developed country and publication in English. A total of 26 reports representing 25 unique studies were included. Overall, 19% (5/26) of articles reported response. Response was defined in three ways: maintenance/decrease in BMI z‐score, decrease in BMI z‐score ≥0.10, and decrease in BMI z‐score ≥0.20. Few school‐based interventions identified an a priori intervention goal or identified the proportion of participants who responded to the intervention. Without such evaluation participants who do not benefit are likely to be overlooked.
Leveraging patient‐centric sampling for clinical drug development and decentralized clinical trials: Promise to reality
Authors: Maass Katie F. , Barfield Matthew D. , Ito Mototsugu , James Christopher A. , Kavetska Olga , Kozinn Marc , Kumar Parag , Lepak Maureen , Leuthold Luc Alexis , Li Wenkui , Mikhailov Dmitri , Patel Shefali , Perez Nisha L. , Jackson Rudd Deanne , Vakkalagadda Blisse , Williams Tracy M. , Zha Jiuhong , Zhang Xin , Anderson Melanie D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAdvances in the technologies to enable patient‐centric sampling (PCS) have the potential to improve blood sample collection by enabling clinical trial participants to collect samples via self‐collection or with the help of a caregiver in their home. Typically, blood samples to assess pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a drug during clinical development are collected at a clinical site via venous blood draw. In this position paper by the International Consortium for Innovation and Quality in Pharmaceutical Development (IQ), the potential value PCS can bring to patients, to the clinical datasets generated, and to clinical trial sponsors is discussed, along with considerations for program decision making, bioanalytical feasibility, operations, and regulatory implications. With an understanding of the value of PCS and considerations when implementing during clinical drug development, we can bring the promise of PCS closer to reality and enable decentralized clinical trials.
中国儿童遗传性痉挛性截瘫的临床与遗传特点
Authors: 王 佳平 , 方 方 , 丁 昌红 , 李 久伟 , 伍 妘 , 张 炜华 , 包 新华 , 吕 俊兰 , 王 晓慧 , 任 晓暾 ,   小儿科神经病学研究小组
Published: September 2022

[摘要]目的探讨中国儿童遗传性痉挛性截瘫的临床和遗传特点。方法这项回顾性研究于2014年1月至2021年10月在临床诊断为单纯HSP (pHSP)或复杂HSP (cHSP)的儿童中进行。结果我们调查了45例儿童(男32例，女13例;出现症状时的平均年龄为4岁[SD=7个月]。35例得到基因确诊，常染色体显性HSP患者多为pHSP(16/18)，而常染色体隐性HSP患者多为cHSP(14/16)。SPG11是最常见的常染色体隐性亚型，其次是FA2H/SPG35，而SPAST/SPG4是最常见的常染色体显性亚型。2例CPT1C突变患者表现为复杂型。同时，在10例患者中发现了6个HSP相关基因的可能致病变异/临床意义不明变异。结论 SPG11和SPG4分别是中国儿童常染色体隐性HSP和常染色体显性HSP最常见的亚型。然而，SPG4的患病率远低于成人，这可能是由于该疾病发病较晚的原因。另一方面，FA2H/SPG35在我们的队列中很常见，但在成人病例中只占很小的比例，这可能是由于其进展迅速，一些患者早期死亡。我们还扩展了SPG73的遗传和临床谱。
Did cryptocurrencies exhibit log‐periodic power law signature during the second wave of COVID‐19?
Authors: Ghosh Bikramaditya , Papathanasiou Spyros , Pergeris Georgios 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany studies have associated cryptocurrencies with bubbles, especially during stressed market conditions such as the recent outbreak of the second wave of COVID‐19. Although the majority of studies have focused on Bitcoin, we investigate the predictability of bubble formation in the cryptocurrency market by using the log‐periodic power law and we uncover some important stylized facts of this market. Our sample consists of data for a selection of 15 cryptocurrencies for the period between 1 January 2021 and 1 September 2021 which coincides with the second wave of COVID‐19. We analyse 86 speculative bubbles, and we find that the cryptocurrency market has three times higher drawdown over equities during stressed market conditions.
Life‐stage‐related desiccation and starvation resistance in the biological control agent Neolema abbreviata
Authors: Mulaudzi Lugisani , Mutamiswa Reyard , Zachariades Costas , Chidawanyika Frank 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClimate variability in the tropics is partly associated with reduced and erratic precipitation, heat waves, and cold snaps thereby exerting abiotic environmental stressors to various arthropod species. For herbivorous insects, such extreme weather events may affect host plant quality and availability resulting in additional stressors such as desiccation and starvation. Neolema abbreviata Larcordaire (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a key biocontrol agent of Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. (Commelinaceae) and has recently been introduced in South Africa for management of its invasive host plant. However, it remains unknown how environmental stressors may influence its performance under anthropogenic climate change. Here, we investigated the effects of desiccation and starvation on performance of N. abbreviata larvae and adults and implications on biological control. Specifically, we measured desiccation and starvation resistance and critical thermal minima (CTmin) and maxima (CTmax) following stress. Desiccation and starvation pre‐treatment reduced both low (CTmin) and high (CTmax) temperature tolerance in both life stages albeit larvae were less cold tolerant and more heat tolerant than adults. In addition, resistance decreased with duration of exposure with desiccation resistance being higher in larvae than in adults, whereas the converse was true for starvation resistance. This indicates the challenges N. abbreviata may encounter when it faces environmental stressors in nature. Therefore, with projected climate change, this may potentially impact on its field establishment, spread, and effectiveness, thereby negatively influencing future classical biocontrol programs. Overall, the results provide valuable information in modelling potential distribution of N. abbreviata and developing sustainable management options of T. fluminensis under rapidly changing environments.
Therapeutic targeting of DNA damage repair pathways guided by homologous recombination deficiency scoring in ovarian cancers
Authors: Lin Chunxiu , Liu Peng , Shi Chaowen , Qiu Lipeng , Shang Dongsheng , Lu Ziwen , Tu Zhigang , Liu Hanqing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe susceptibility of cells to DNA damage and their DNA repair ability are crucial for cancer therapy. Homologous recombination is one of the major repairing mechanisms for DNA double‐strand breaks. Approximately half of ovarian cancer (OvCa) cells harbor homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). Considering that HRD is a major hallmark of OvCas, scholars proposed HRD scoring to evaluate the HRD degree and guide the choice of therapeutic strategies for OvCas. In the last decade, synthetic lethal strategy by targeting poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) in HR‐deficient OvCas has attracted considerable attention in view of its favorable clinical effort. We therefore suggested that the uses of other DNA damage/repair‐targeted drugs in HR‐deficient OvCas might also offer better clinical outcome. Here, we reviewed the current small molecule compounds that targeted DNA damage/repair pathways and discussed the HRD scoring system to guide their clinical uses.
The UK National Health Service's migration infrastructure in times of Brexit and COVID‐19: Disjunctures, continuities and innovations
Authors: Ciupijus Zinovijus , Forde Chris , Giralt Rosa Mas , Shi Jiachen , Sun Li 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic and Brexit were separate yet inter‐related developments which affected the British National Health Service (NHS). The UK's state‐funded health sector had historically relied on migrant labour and depended on a migration infrastructure designed to solve its nursing labour shortages. The analysis of primary qualitative and secondary quantitative data shows that the NHS migration infrastructure increased its orientation towards Asia to compensate for the effects of Brexit. The paper reveals how the persistent use of temporary visas along with conditional contractual arrangements has led to various exclusions for migrant nurses and midwives. These data also demonstrate how international travel restrictions associated with COVID‐19 created temporary obstacles for nurses' inflows. Alongside Brexit, this has also resulted in an increase in outflows amongst EU health workers. The article identifies the development of migrant support infrastructure amongst Filipino and Indian nurses as a major COVID‐19 linked innovation.
People with intellectual disability and employment sustainability: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Helena Taubner , Magnus Tideman , Carin Staland‐Nyman 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSwedish employment rates are disproportionately low among people with intellectual disability and research on employment sustainability in this group is scarce. This study investigated employment sustainability among people with intellectual disability, with a focus on identifying facilitators.MethodFifteen persons with intellectual disability who were gainfully employed and had been so for at least 1 year during the last 3 years, and 10 representatives from their employers, were interviewed.ResultsFive facilitators were identified: (1) having tried various types of work, (2) liking to be at work, (3) balance concerning expectations and adaptations, (4) mutual engagement and flexibility, and (5) wage subsidies.ConclusionEmployment sustainability needs to be understood at individual as well as environmental and societal levels. In addition, both duration and progress should be considered regarding employment sustainability in this population.
Evolution of immune function in response to dietary macronutrients in male and female decorated crickets
Authors: Letendre Corinne , Rios‐Villamil Alejandro , Williams Alexandria , Rapkin James , Sakaluk Scott K. , House Clarissa M. , Hunt John 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough dietary macronutrients are known to regulate insect immunity, few studies have examined their evolutionary effects. Here, we evaluate this relationship in the cricket Gryllodes sigillatus by maintaining replicate populations on four diets differing in protein (P) to carbohydrate (C) ratio (P‐ or C‐biased) and nutritional content (low‐ or high‐nutrition) for >37 generations. We split each population into two; one maintained on their evolution diet and the other switched to their ancestral diet. We also maintained populations exclusively on the ancestral diet (baseline). After three generations, we measured three immune parameters in males and females from each population. Immunity was higher on P‐biased than C‐biased diets and on low‐ versus high‐nutrition diets, although the latter was most likely driven by compensatory feeding. These patterns persisted in populations switched to their ancestral diet, indicating genetic divergence. Crickets evolving on C‐biased diets had lower immunity than the baseline, whereas their P‐biased counterparts had similar or higher immunity than the baseline, indicating that populations evolved with dietary manipulation. Although females exhibited superior immunity for all assays, the sexes showed similar immune changes across diets. Our work highlights the important role that macronutrient intake plays in the evolution of immunity in the sexes.
Development of the Basel Version of the Awareness of Social Inference Test – Theory of Mind (BASIT‐ToM) in healthy adults
Authors: Jarsch Marianne , Piguet Olivier , Berres Manfred , Sluka Constantin , Semenkova Anna , Kressig Reto W. , Monsch Andreas U. , McDonald Skye , Sollberger Marc 
Published: September 2022

AbstractImpairments of Theory of Mind (ToM) abilities occur in a wide range of brain disorders. Therefore, reliable and ecologically valid examination of these abilities is a crucial part of any comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. An established and ecologically valid, English‐language test identifying deficits in ToM abilities is “The Awareness of Social Inference Test – Social Inference Minimal (TASIT‐SIM)”. However, no comparable German‐language ToM test currently exists. In this study, we aimed to develop the first German‐language adaption of TASIT‐SIM in healthy adults. We selected 13 scenes [four scenes per message type (i.e., honesty, simple sarcasm, paradoxical sarcasm) and one practice scene] out of the 30 TASIT‐SIM scenes. In collaboration with a film institute, we filmed each scene at three different intensities. These intensity version scenes were then administered to 240 healthy adults, equally distributed in sex and age, ranging from 35 to 92 years. By applying Rasch analysis, we selected intensity versions that showed neither floor nor ceiling effects in the majority of ToM questions in participants whose ToM abilities were in the medium range. In conclusion, we have developed the first German‐language adaption of TASIT‐SIM, i.e., the “Basel Version of the Awareness of Social Inference Test – Theory of Mind (BASIT‐ToM)”. The BASIT‐ToM incorporates the strengths of TASIT‐SIM, while overcoming its limitations such as inconsistencies in cinematic realization and ceiling effects in healthy participants. Next, the BASIT‐ToM needs to be validated in healthy people and clinical populations.
Psychological pain in depressive disorder: A concept analysis
Authors: Chen Shuyan , Cheng Yin , Zhao Weiwei , Zhang Yanhong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAim and objectivesThe purpose of this paper is to identify a precise definition of the concept of psychological pain in the field of depressive disorder.BackgroundPsychological pain is widespread in patients with depressive disorder and plays a central role in the suicide process. However, psychological pain is currently complex and broadly defined and does not reflect the unique nature of psychological pain in depressed patients.DesignA concept analysis.MethodsRodgers' evolutionary approach was used to analyse the concept of psychological pain in depressive disorders. PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, Sinomed, CNKI, and Wanfang were searched and 49 articles met the inclusion criteria.ResultsThe key attributes of psychological pain were identified as negative affective perception, passive cognition and ineffective response, extreme behavioural tendency, and both state and trait characteristics. Antecedents included stressful life events, frustrated psychological needs, disease factors, physical factors, and negative cognitive biases. Consequences were the promotion of personal growth, enhanced meaning in life, low quality of life, barriers to treatment, high rates of psychiatric morbidity, self‐harm, and suicide.ConclusionPsychological pain is a subjectively widespread, intense, and complex affective experience centered on feelings of suffering resulting from negative self‐perceptions and ineffective coping based on personality traits. In addition, psychological pain has two traits: an immediate affective reflection arising from experiencing stressful life events and a persistent and stable emotional trait, respectively.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study provides a conceptual framework to help clinical staff expand their knowledge of psychological pain and distinguish it from related terms. Interventions should address both the antecedents and the consequences and so this study suggests that future interventions could be developed in terms of positive emotions.No patient or public contributionThis study did not recruit participants, therefore details of participants will not be involved.