bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positional Accuracy Improvement of an Industrial Robot Using Feedforward Compensation and Feedback Control
Authors: Li Bo , Zhang Wei , Li Yufei , Tian Wei , Wang Changrui 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Industrial robots play an important role in the transformation and upgrading of aviation manufacturing technology by their advantages of high flexibility, high efficiency, and low costs compared to the conventional computerised numerical control machine. However, due to the serial structure design of the main body, the industrial robot has low absolute positional accuracy, which limits its popularization and application in the field of high-precision manufacturing. The purpose of this paper is to develop a robot accuracy improvement method using feedforward compensation and joint closed-loop feedback correction considering the influence of joint backlash. The experimental results show that the positional error of the compensated robot by the proposed method is reduced from 0.76 mm to 0.18 mm under no-load conditions, and the hole's positional accuracy is to 0.25 mm in the robotic drilling experiment.
Electric-Field-Assisted Contact Mode AFM-Based Nanolithography with Low Stiffness Conductive Probes
Authors: Zhou Huimin , Jiang Yingchun , Dmuchowski Christopher M , Ke Changhong , Deng Jia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Electric-field-assisted atomic force microscope (E-AFM) nanolithography is a novel polymer-patterning technique that has diverse applications. E-AFM uses a biased AFM tip with conductive coatings to make patterns with little probe-sample interaction, which thereby avoids the tip wear that is a major issue for contact-mode AFM-based lithography, which usually requires a high probe-sample contact force to fabricate nanopatterns; however, the relatively large tip radius and large tip-sample separation limit its capacity to fabricate high-resolution nanopatterns. In this paper, we developed a contact mode E-AFM nanolithography approach to achieve high-resolution nanolithography of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) using a conductive AFM probe with a low stiffness (~0.16 N/m). The nanolithography process generates features by biasing the AFM probe across a thin polymer film on a metal substrate. A small constant force (0.5-1 nN) applied on the AFM tip helps engage the tip-film contact, which enhances nanomachining resolution. This E-AFM nanolithography approach enables high-resolution nanopatterning with feature width down to ~16 nm, which is less than one half of the nominal tip radius of the employed conductive AFM probes.
An Investigation of Integrated Multiscale Three-Dimensional Printing for Hierarchical Structures Fabrication
Authors: Li Xiangjia , Baldacchini Tommaso , Chen Yong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Nature provides us with a large number of functional material systems consisting of hierarchical structures, where significant variations in dimensions are present. Such hierarchical structures are difficult to build by traditional manufacturing processes due to manufacturing limitations. Nowadays, three-dimensional (3D) objects with complex structures can be built by gradually accumulating in a layer-based additive manufacturing (AM); however, the hierarchical structure measured from macroscale to nanoscale sizes still raises significant challenges to the AM processes, whose manufacturing capability is intrinsically specified within a certain scope. It is desired to develop a multiscale AM process to narrow this gap between scales of feature in hierarchical structures. This research aims to investigate an integration approach to fabricating hierarchical objects that have macro-, micro-, and nano-scales features in an object. Firstly, the process setup and the integrated process of two-photon polymerization (TPP), immersed surface accumulation (ISA), and mask image projection-based stereolithography (MIP-SL) were introduced to address the multiscale fabrication challenge. Then, special hierarchical design and process planning toward integrating multiple printing processes are demonstrated. Lastly, we present two test cases built by our hierarchical printing method to validate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed multiscale hierarchical printing approach. The results demonstrated the capability of the developed multiscale 3D printing process and showed its future potential in various novel applications, such as optics, microfluidics, cell culture, as well as interface technology.
End-of-Life Corrosion Estimation and Profile of Ship Hull Structure: Nonparametric Statistical Analysis of Medium Endurance Cutters
Authors: Ayyub Bilal M. , Stambaugh Karl A. , McGill William L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Corrosion in hull structure of Coast Guard cutters is a primary degradation mode that accounts for a significant portion of depot budgets and the occasional unavailability of ships in general. Corrosion exhibits great variability spatially and temporally. This paper presents, summarizes, and analyzes a one-of-a-kind dataset for end-of-life corrosion estimation and profile of ship hull structure. The dataset was created over several years and on several vessels, and collected by maintenance personnel at several geographic locations. This study analyzes wastage data due to corrosion that were systematically collected in 2007–2008 from twelve 210-foot medium endurance cutters, commissioned in 1964–1969, in the form of thickness measurement using visual inspection and ultrasonic testing methods. A total of 76,091 thickness measurements were analyzed at positions covering the entire hulls. The measured corrosion levels mean is about 0.02–0.04 in. (1 in. = 25.4 mm), i.e., 6–14% of the as-built thicknesses after no more than 43 years of use of these 12 cutters as of 2007; however, the analysis of outliers indicates that the average wastage values can be misleading in predicting extreme corrosion. A method is proposed for estimating the counts and intensity of outliers. Examining geographic locations of the operations of these cutters and corrosion revealed that southern warm water led to appreciably larger corrosion compared to the northern colder waters, at a ratio of about 1.25–1.5.
More Ada in non-Ada systems
Authors: Marriott A , Maurer U 
Published: April 2022

This article is based on the industrial presentation "More Ada in non-Ada systems" which was given at the 2021 Ada-Europe virtual conference.
The presentation was an update to the presentation given at the Ada-Europe 2018 conference in Lisbon entitled "Using Ada in non-Ada systems" and that was subsequently published in the Ada User Journal [1].
The work used GCC 7.4.1 built by AdaCore and made available as part of their 2019 Windows hosted GNAT for ARM GPL community distribution. The GNAT sources referred to in the presentation were also obtained from this distribution.
Occult Renal Calcifications in Patients with Normocalcemic Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Their Association with the Parathyroid Hormone-Vitamin D Axis
Authors: Victor Fernanda , Pereira Lemos Alyne Layane , de Holanda Ribas Anna Mirella , Bandeira Leonardo , Pimentel José Henrique , de Andrade Damázio Luiz Otávio , Bandeira Francisco 
Published: April 2022

Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (NPHPT) is characterized by elevated serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) with persistently normal serum calcium concentrations after excluding secondary causes of hyperparathyroidism. Urolithiasis and/or nephrocalcinosis may occur in hypercalcemic PHPT, but little is known about these complications in NPHPT. Objectives. To identify occult urolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis in asymptomatic patients with NPHPT and evaluate biochemical markers as risk predictors for the development of renal calcification (RC). Methods. Cross-sectional analysis of 34 patients with no history of urolithiasis and/or nephrocalcinosis. The diagnosis of NPHPT was as follows: elevated serum PTH (reference range: 15–65 pg/mL), normal albumin-corrected serum calcium, normal urinary calcium excretion, serum 25(OH)D >30 ng/mL, eGFR (CKD-EPI) > 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, without intestinal disease, and not on medications such as thiazide diuretics, lithium, bisphosphonates, or denosumab. Patients were categorized according to the presence or absence of RC identified by renal imaging. Their clinical and biochemical characteristics were then compared. Results. The patients had a mean age of 67.97 ± 10.45 years, predominantly postmenopausal women (88.2%); serum PTH, 119.67 ± 64.44 pg/mL; 25(OH)D, 39.00 ± 8.88 ng/dL; 1.25(OH))2D, 74.53 ± 26.37 pg/mL; corrected serum calcium, 9.34 ± 0.62 mg/dL; and 24-hour urinary calcium, 134.87 ± 79.68 mg/day. RC was identified in 26.5% of the patients. There was no difference in anthropometric and clinical parameters, renal function, 25(OH)D, and urinary pH in patients with or without RC. Patients with RC had higher PTH values (176.22 vs. 99.32 pg/mL,

P

= 0.001), 1.25(OH) 2D (96.83 vs. 62.36 pg/mL,

P

= 0.005), and 24-hour urinary calcium (181.9 vs. 117.94 mg/day,

P

= 0.037). Conclusion. Occult renal calcifications are common in NPHPT and are associated with increased serum PTH, 1.25(OH))2D, and 24 h urinary calcium.
The Effects of Different Reference Methods on Decision-Making Implications of Auditory Brainstem Response
Authors: Liu Zhenzhen , Wang Xin , Zhu Mingxing , He Yuchao , Li Lin , Chen Li , Huang Weimin , Wei Zhilong , Chen Shixiong , Chen Yan , Li Guanglin 
Published: April 2022

Hearing loss is a common disease affecting public health all around the world. In clinic, auditory brainstem response (ABR) has been widely used for the detection of hearing loss based on its convenience and accuracy. The different reference methods directly influence the quality of the ABR waveform which in turn affects the ABR-based diagnosis. Therefore, in this study, a reference electrode standardization technique (REST) was adopted to systematically investigate and evaluate the effect of different reference methods on the quality of ABR waveform in comparison with the conventional average reference (AR) and mean mastoid (MM) methods. In this study, ABR signals induced by click stimulus were acquired via an EEG electrode cap arrays, and those located on the six channels along the midline were compared systemically. The results showed that, when considering the different channels, the ABR in the Cz channel showed the best morphology. Then, the ABR waveforms acquired via the REST method possessed better morphologies with large amplitude (

0.06
±
0.02

μV for wave I,

0.07
±
0.02

μV for wave III, and

0.21
±
0.04

μV for wave V) when compared with the traditional method. Summarily, we found that the REST and MM methods improved the quality of ABR on both amplitude and morphology under different stimulation rates and levels without changing the latencies of ABR when compared with the conventional AR method, suggesting that the REST and MM methods have the potential to help physicians with high accurate ABR-based clinical diagnosis. Moreover, this study might also provide a theoretic basis of reference methods on the acquisition of electroencephalogram over public health issues.
Should Surgical Services Admit Small Bowel Obstructions Managed Non-operatively?
Authors: Thacker Christopher , Lauer Claire , Nealon Kathleen , Wang Shengxuan , Factor Matthew 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Over the past decade, small bowel obstructions (SBO) have been increasingly managed non-operatively. Prior studies have looked at outcomes based on admission to surgical services (SS) or medicine services (MS), but most are restricted to operative patients. This study evaluates the outcomes of non-operative patients specifically. Methods A 12-year retrospective cohort study of patients ≥18-years-old admitted with SBO within one healthcare system was performed. Only non-operative patients were included. Clinicodemographic characteristics and admission details were extracted from the electronic medical record. Statistical analysis was performed using the student’s t-test, chi-square, and multivariable regression. Results A total of 3278 patients were included, of which 933(28.4%) patients were admitted to a SS. MS patients were older (57.7 vs 54.7 years, P < .001) and more likely to have diabetes (24.1 vs 20.2%, P = .015), CHF (5.7 vs 3.1%, P = .002), and AKI (29.8 vs 16.7%, P < .001). SS patients were more likely to have cancer (19.3 vs 13.7%, P < .001). Univariate analysis showed admission to SS decreased length of stay (3.4 vs 4.1 days, P < .001) and index admission mortality (0.1 vs 2.2%, P < .001). On multivariable analysis, admission to a SS decreased admission mortality (OR 0.056), 30-day mortality (OR 0.15), and 180-day mortality (OR 0.307). Similarly, 30-day readmissions (OR 0.683) and 180-day readmission (OR 0.54) were also significantly decreased. Length of stay was decreased by .6 days ( P < .001). Discussion In patients with non-operative SBO, admission to a surgical service decreased length of stay, mortality, and readmission. Further work should be completed evaluating how increased comorbidities affect long term outcomes. However, significantly decreased length of stay and mortality continue to support surgical services admitting SBO patients.
Video Game Play Does Not Improve Spatial Skills When Controlling for Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off: Evidence From Mental-Rotation and Mental-Folding Tasks
Authors: Safaei Ali , Rahmanian Mahdieh , Oraki Mohammad , Zinchenko Artyom 
Published: April 2022

Researchers have been divided on the efficacy of computerized cognitive training (CCT) for enhancing spatial abilities, transfer of training, and improving malleability of skills. In this study, we assessed the effects of puzzle video game training on subsequent mental rotation (MR) and mental folding (MF) performance among adults with no cognitive impairment. We assessed participants at baseline with the Shepard-Metzler MR test followed by the differential aptitude test: space relations MF test (i.e., far transfer). We ranked participants’ skills on these pre-tests and used a matching technique to form two skill groups from which we then randomly assigned members of each skill group either to an experimental group or a wait-list control group. The experimental group played two puzzle video games closely related to two-dimensional and three-dimensional MR tasks during 4-week training sessions (total of 12 hour of video games). Post-training, participants completed the MR and MF tests again. Two months later, we re-assessed only the experimental group’s spatial skills to explore the sustainability of the trained performance. In addition to response times (RT) and error scores (ES), reported separately, we combined these variables into rate correct scores (RCS) to form an integrated measure of potential speed-accuracy trade-offs (SAT). As a result, we did not find significant improvements in MR performance from CCT engagement, nor did participants show a transfer of skills obtained by practicing MR-related puzzle games to a MF task. Based on the current findings, we urge caution when proposing a game-based intervention as a training tool to enhance spatial abilities. We argue that separately interpreting individual test measures can be misleading, as they only partially represent performance. In contrast, composite scores illuminate underlying cognitive strategies and best determine whether an observed improvement is attributable to enhanced capacities or individual heuristics and learned cognitive shortcuts.
Burpee Interval Training Is Associated With a More Favorable Affective Valence and Psychological Response Than Traditional High Intensity Exercise
Authors: Mayr Ojeda Erika , Castro Flávio Antônio de Souza , Reich Micaela , Astorino Todd A. , Benítez-Flores Stefano 
Published: April 2022

Acute psychological responses to physical activity may help explain long-term adherence to it. Thus, we compared acute psychological responses to different exercise protocols with identical durations. Eighteen moderately active young adults [ Mage = 23, SD = 3 years; MVO2max (maximum oxygen consumption) = 42.8, SD = 4.3 mL·kg−1·min−1; MBMI (body mass index) = 24, SD = 2 kg·m−2] completed three low-volume exercise sessions in a crossover research design: (a) sprint interval training (SIT), (b) burpee interval training (BIT) requiring 10 × 5 second efforts with 35 seconds of passive recovery, and (c) a single bout of vigorous intensity continuous training (VICT) requiring 6 minutes and 5 seconds of running at ∼85% of peak heart rate (HRpeak). We assessed participants’ ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), affective valence, enjoyment, intention, preference, and self-reported recovery and wellness before, during, and after each session. BIT was associated with significantly greater enjoyment, preference, and exercise intention (at 5 × week) than VICT ( p ≤ .05). SIT elicited greater RPE ( M = 5.38, SD = 2.00) than both BIT ( M = 2.88, SD = 1.23) and VICT ( M = 3.55, SD = 1.38) ( p ≤ .05), and we observed a higher increase in RPE over time with SIT versus BIT ( p = .019). For affective valence, SIT ( M = 0.55, SD = 2.12) elicited a more aversive response than both BIT ( M = 2.55, SD = 1.09) and VICT ( M = 1.94, SD = 1.51) ( p ≤ .05), and there was a higher increase in this aversive response to SIT over time ( p < .05). Forty-eight-hour postexercise session muscle soreness was significantly lower with VICT than with BIT ( p = .03). Overall, BIT was associated with more positive psychological responses than SIT and VICT.
Clinic- and Community-Based SARS-CoV-2 Testing Among People Experiencing Homelessness in the United States, March–November 2020
Authors: Berner Lauryn , Meehan Ashley , Kenkel Joseph , Montgomery Martha , Fields Victoria , Henry Ankita , Boyer Alaina , Mosites Emily , Vickery Katherine Diaz 
Published: April 2022

Objective: SARS-CoV-2 testing is a critical component of preventing the spread of COVID-19. In the United States, people experiencing homelessness (PEH) have accessed testing at health clinics, such as those provided through Health Care for the Homeless (HCH) clinics or through community-based testing events at homeless service sites or encampments. We describe data on SARS-CoV-2 testing among PEH in US clinic- and community-based settings from March through November 2020. Methods: We conducted a descriptive analysis of data from HCH clinics and community testing events. We used a standardized survey to request data from HCH clinics. We developed and made publicly available an online data entry portal to collect data from community-based organizations that provided testing for PEH. We assessed positivity rates across clinics and community service sites serving PEH and used generalized linear mixed models to account for clustering. Results: Thirty-seven HCH clinics reported providing 280 410 tests; 3.2% (n = 8880) had positive results (range, 1.6%-4.9%). By race, positivity rates were highest among people who identified as >1 race (11.6%; P < .001). During the reporting period, 22 states reported 287 community testing events and 14 116 tests; 7.1% (n = 1004) had positive results. Among facility types, day shelters (380 of 2697; 14.1%) and inpatient drug/alcohol rehabilitation facilities (32 of 251; 12.7%) reported the highest positivity rates. Conclusions: While HCH clinic data provided results for a larger number of patients, community-based testing data showed higher positivity rates. Clinic data demonstrated racial disparities in positivity. Community-based testing data provided information about SARS-CoV-2 transmission settings. Although these data provide information about testing, standard surveillance systems are needed to better understand the incidence of disease among PEH.
First-line treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: the real-world Italian cohort of the Prostate Cancer Registry
Authors: Galli Luca , Chiuri Vincenzo Emanuele , Di Lorenzo Giuseppe , Pisconti Salvatore , Rossetti Sabrina , Sirotova Zuzana , Muto Andrea , Petrioli Roberto , De Tursi Michele , Sbrana Andrea , Francolini Giulio , Ardizzoia Antonio , Scavelli Claudio , Satta Francesco , Quadrini Silvia , Airoldi Mario , D’Aniello Carmine , Bonetti Andrea , Conforti Serafino , Aieta Michele , Beccaglia Patrizia , Maestri Antonio , Fratino Lucia 
Published: April 2022

Background: With the availability of multiple treatment options for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), new real-world data on disease management and drugs’ performance are needed. Methods: We described characteristics, management and clinical outcomes of patients receiving first-line mCRPC treatment within the Italian cohort of the real-world, prospective, international Prostate Cancer Registry. Patients were enrolled consecutively (2013-2016) in 32 Italian sites and followed for 3 years. Results: 238 patients were included: 157 received first-line abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (“abiraterone” thereafter) and 70 first-line docetaxel; 11 patients receiving other treatments were not considered. Compared with docetaxel-treated patients, those receiving abiraterone were significantly older (age ⩾75: 63.7% vs 38.6%), less frequently had a Gleason score >8 (48.2% vs 67.6%, p<0.005) at initial diagnosis, and more frequently an ECOG score ⩾1 (52.7% vs 36.2%, p<0.05) and comorbidities (76.4% vs 57.1%, p<0.05) at baseline; they reported a lower analgesic use (15.3% vs 30%, p<0.005). In the abiraterone group (median follow-up 22.1 months), median time to progression (TTP) and progression-free survival (PFS) were, respectively, 14.4 months (95% confidence interval, CI, 10.6-18.0) and 13.0 months (95% CI, 9.1-16.8); median overall survival (OS) was not reached, and 3-year OS was 59.1%. In the docetaxel treatment group (median follow-up 25.3 months), median TTP, PFS and OS were, respectively, 8.2 months (95% CI, 6.1-10.3), 8.2 months (95% CI, 5.8-10.3) and 33.2 months (95% CI, 19.2-not estimable). Conclusion: This investigation provided valuable information on the overall mCRPC treatment pattern and the effectiveness of first-line abiraterone and docetaxel in a population representative of everyday practice.
Social Media Use and Demographics Predicted Knowledge About Alcohol as a Cancer Risk Factor
Authors: Ma Rong , Ma Zexin 
Published: April 2022

Purpose To determine whether social media use, alcohol consumption, and sociodemographic factors predicted Americans’ knowledge about alcohol-related cancer risk. Design Health Information National Trends Survey (2020). Setting United States. Subjects A nationally representative sample ( N = 3865; response rate = 36.7%). Measures Knowledge about cancer risk of beer, wine, and liquor; social media use; demographics; smoking status; alcohol consumption; and cancer history. Analysis Data were analyzed using multinomial multiple logistic regression with jackknife replicate weights. Results Less than a third of U.S. adults (20.34-31.20%) were aware of cancer risk of alcohol. People who watched health-related YouTube videos were more likely to be well-informed (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55 [95% confidence interval 1.01, 2.36] for beer) and misinformed (OR = 1.68 [1.17, 2.43] for wine). Alcohol consumption predicted higher likelihoods of being misinformed about cancer risk of beer (OR = 1.03 [1.003, 1.05]). People who were older and had less education were less likely to be well-informed for all types of alcohol. Females (for liquor) and Blacks (for beer) were less likely to be well-informed and misinformed. Conclusion Social media can be a source of both correct information and misinformation about alcohol and cancer risk. Health promotion should target older adults, people with less education, racial minorities, females, and people who consume alcohol.