bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The efficacy of clopidogrel in preventing recurrent cardiovascular events among Arab population carrying different CYP2C19 mutations: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alkattan Abdullah N. , Radwan Nashwa M. , Mahmoud Nagla E. , Alfaleh Amjad F. , Alfaifi Amal H. , Alabdulkareem Khaled I. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The prevalence and the role of CYP2C19 gene mutations concerning recurrent Cardiovascular Events (CVEs) among patients treated with clopidogrel is still controversial especially among Arab people. Therefore, this review aimed to determine the frequency of CYP2C19 polymorphic alleles among the Arab population and to investigate the efficacy of clopidogrel as an antiplatelet drug among those carrying different variants of this gene.

Methodology
Two authors independently searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE databases at any year for studies related to the role of CYP2C19 gene on the prognosis of patients with CVEs treated with clopidogrel. The review included Arab people who were genotyped to determine the frequency of CYP2C19 genotypes and alleles (the qualitative part). Concerning the quantitative part (meta-analysis), only patients who previously had CVEs and using clopidogrel as secondary prophylaxis had been included. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale for non-randomizes Studies was utilized to consider the risk of bias among included studies. We analyzed the data using odds ratio at 95% confidence interval and the quality of evidence of each outcome measure was judged using GRADE approach.

Results
The current study revealed that 4% of Arabs reported in the included studies are homozygous, and 25% are heterozygous for the CYP2C19*2 allele. While 3% and 18.5% of them are homozygous and heterozygous of CYP2C19*17 alleles, respectively. A significant increased risk of recurrent CVEs by about threefold was associated with CYP2C19*2 or CYP2C19*3 allele carriers (OR = 3.32, CI = 1.94–5.67, and OR = 3.53, CI = 1.17–10.63, respectively). However, no significant increased risk among carriers of CYP2C19*17 mutation (OR = 0.80, (CI = 0.44–1.44) was documented.

Conclusion
The present study revealed that Arabs carrying CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 alleles could be at increased risk of decreasing the antiplatelet efficacy of clopidogrel and an alternative drug should be prescribed for those patients to avoid recurrent CVEs. However, few available studies were included in the quantitative part of the analysis and further studies with large sample size are recommended to confirm our results.
The epidemiology of funnel chest repairs in Germany: monitoring the success of Nuss’ procedure
Authors: Heydweiller Andreas , Oetzmann von Sochaczewski Christina 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
In recent years, the Nuss procedure was gaining ground in pectus excavatum repair, but the scientific focus had been on complications compared to conventional repairs. Despite a substantial prevalence of pectus excavatum in population-based studies, the adoption of minimally invasive funnel chest repair and subsequent replacement of conventional procedures has not been assessed on a population-based level.

Methods
We analysed German administrative case-based data on funnel chest repairs separate by age group and operative procedure: conventional or minimally invasive. Changes over time between 2010 and 2018 were analysed by linear regression.

Results
There were x̅ = 256 operations per year, which did not change throughout the study time, but following the introduction of minimally invasive repairs, their usage increased particularly in males aged 15 to 19 years by 8.7 procedures per year (P = 0.0142) and was accompanied by a concomitant decrease in conventional repairs in all relevant age groups. We observed a shift of operations towards the age group of 15 to 19 years, whose numbers increased by 5.3 yearly procedures (P = 0.0222), whereas they decreased in all other relevant age groups. These shifts could not be observed in females in a similar fashion, but in both males and females, the numbers of minimally invasive per conventional repair increased.

Conclusions
In Germany, the introduction of the Nuss procedure did result in a concentration of funnel chest repairs in adolescence and a replacement of conventional repairs. Data from other healthcare systems are missing but are direly needed to assess the current situation in other healthcare systems.

Level of evidence
III.
Linking organizational climate for evidence-based practice implementation to observed clinician behavior in patient encounters: a lagged analysis
Authors: Williams Nathaniel J. , Becker-Haimes Emily M. , Schriger Simone H. , Beidas Rinad S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundTheory and empirical research suggest organizational climate for evidence-based practice (EBP) implementation may be an important and malleable target to improve clinician use of EBPs in healthcare; however, this work has been criticized for overreliance on self-report measures of implementation outcomes and cross-sectional designs. This study combines data from two studies spanning 7 years to test the hypothesis that higher levels of organizational EBP implementation climate prospectively predicts improved clinician adherence to an EBP, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), as rated by expert observers.MethodsBiennial assessments of EBP implementation climate collected in 10 community mental health agencies in Philadelphia as part of a systemwide evaluation (time 1) were linked to subsequent observer ratings of clinician adherence to CBT in clinical encounters with 108 youth (time 2). Experts rated clinician adherence to CBT using the Therapy Process Observation Coding System which generated two primary outcomes (a) maximum CBT adherence per session (i.e., highest rated CBT intervention per session; depth of delivery) and (b) average CBT adherence per session (i.e., mean rating across all CBT interventions used; depth and breadth of delivery).ResultsOn average, time 2 clinician adherence observations occurred 19.8 months (SD = 10.15) after time 1 organizational climate assessments. Adjusting for organization, clinician, and client covariates, a one standard deviation increase in organizational EBP implementation climate at time 1 predicted a 0.63-point increase in clinicians’ maximum CBT adherence per session at time 2 (p = 0.000), representing a large effect size (d = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.63–1.24) when comparing organizations in the upper (k = 3) versus lower tertiles (k = 3) of EBP implementation climate. Higher levels of time 1 organizational EBP implementation climate also predicted higher time 2 average CBT adherence per session (b = 0.23,p< 0.001,d = 0.72). Length of time between assessments of climate and adherence did not moderate these relationships.ConclusionsOrganizational EBP implementation climate is a promising predictor of clinicians’ subsequent observed adherence to CBT. Implementation strategies that target this antecedent may improve the delivery of EBPs in healthcare settings.
Evaluating blinatumomab implementation in low- and middle-income countries: a study protocol
Authors: Duffy Caitlyn , Santana Victor , Inaba Hiroto , Jeha Sima , Pauley Jennifer , Sniderman Liz , Ghara Niharendu , Mushtaq Naureen , Narula Gaurav , Bhakta Nickhill , Rodriguez-Galindo Carlos , Brandt Heather 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The recent implementation of novel therapies has accelerated progress in pediatric cancer care. Despite the significantly poorer survival of patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), administation complexities and other significant resource barriers have limited the translation of these novel therapies in these regions. This study aims to develop a model that can be used to support the implementation of novel therapies, such as blinatumomab (bispecific antibody therapy for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia [B-ALL]) in LMIC centers, with the long-term goal of developing an implementation framework for similar future efforts.

Methods
In this study, mixed methods will be applied to understand the key contextual considerations that can be accounted for through a training program and prospectively designed implementation activities. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research will guide the activities related to implementation evaluation in parallel with a drug donation program. A multidisciplinary research team comprising high- and low-middle income healthcare professionals, industry, and implementation scientists has been assembled with the common goal of improving safe access to blinatumomab. To assess the factors affecting blinatumomab administration, semi-structured interviews with diverse collaborators and quantitative assessments of organizational characteristics will be conducted, together with quantitative and qualitative assessments of feasibility, acceptability, appropriateness, and cost of blinatumomab implementation. A quantitative assessment of stakeholder perceptions of different implementation strategies used as part of the multifaceted approach will also be performed. Finally, we will examine the key domains and processes used and construct the implementation roadmap for translation of novel therapies.

Discussion
This study will rigorously develop an implementation roadmap for translation of novel therapies in low-resource settings. The knowledge gained in the formative assessment will reveal the priority areas and key implementation strategies. Thereby, the resultant roadmap will facilitate future scale-out strategies for novel therapies in LMICs, thus increasing access, building capacity for management, and ultimately improving the care for children in LMICs.
Microsponges: a breakthrough tool in pharmaceutical research
Authors: Tiwari Abhishek , Tiwari Varsha , Palaria Binita , Kumar Manish , Kaushik Deepak 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
A microsponge delivery system (MDS) is an innovative and unique way of delivering drugs in a structured manner. Using microsponge drug delivery, regulated drug delivery may now be achieved quickly and easily.

Main body
MDS comprises porous microspheres ranging in size from 5 to 300 microns, with a large porous structure and a very tiny spherical shape. MDS is normally used to deliver drugs via topical channels, but they have recently shown the potential approach to drug delivery via oral, ophthalmic and parenteral routes. MDS can easily modify the pharmaceutical release contour and improve formulation stability while minimising the negative impact of the drug. The fundamental purpose of microsponge drug administration is to reach the highest possible peak plasma concentration in the blood. The capacity of MDS to self-sterilise is their most prominent attribute.

Conclusions
MDS is used as anti-allergic, anti-mutagenic and non-irritant in innumerable investigations. This review includes formulation, criteria for drugs to be incorporated in MDS, formulation methods, assessment parameters, and role of MDS in the management of various disorders. This review will be quite useful in the future in exploring the MDS in different disorders.

Graphical Abstract
In silico approach for the development of phenolic derivatives as potential anti-angiogenic agents against lysyl oxidase-like 2 enzyme
Authors: Aqeel Muhammad Tahir , Nisar-Ur-Rahman  , Khan Arif-ullah , Ashraf Zaman , Khan Samiullah , Arif Muazzam 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundLysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) has recently been explored as extremely pivotal protein involved in angiogenesis which results in metastasis of numerous types of cancers. Hence, LOXL2 is an exciting new target for drug development against tumor progression and its spread to distant organs. Newly synthesized derivatives of natural phenolic antioxidant guaiacol (T1 to T8) were evaluated for their potential as anti-angiogenic agents using in silico approach. The drug likeness properties and toxicity of the synthesized derivatives have also been determined. Active binding sites of LOXL2 protein were determined by online server DoGSiteScorer, and lead–target interactions and conformations of pose analysis were done by using AutoDock Vina and Discovery Studio 4.0. The GUSAR model was applied to find the toxicity and ADMET properties. On the other hand, the chemoinformatics prediction was also performed using online FAF Drug Server and Molinspiration online server.ResultsLead molecules from T1 to T8 showed promising binding affinity values, especially T5 and T8 showed best fit in the binding pocket of target enzyme (binding energies − 7.9 and 8.0 kcal/Mol, respectively). The stability of docked complexes was further evaluated using molecular dynamic simulation studies using GROMACS force field, and both leads (T5 and T8) were found to be strongly bounded to the active binding sites. The ADMET results revealed that all experimental molecules were virtually nontoxic and showed compliance with rule of five.ConclusionThe present work will further enable researchers to understand how computer-aided drug designing tools may help to expedite new drug discovery process in a minimum cost.
Sustainable production through biostimulants under fruit orchards
Authors: Rana Vishal Singh , Sharma Sunny , Rana Neerja , Sharma Umesh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe world population is expected to be around 9 billion by 2050 which would be 34 per cent greater than the today’s population. This will enhance the food demand to match the rising population. Horticultural commodities in general and fruit in the particular has been designated as the source of nutraceuticals. For reaching up optimum level of production, Biostimulants may come up with and the emerging concept of to meet out with this challenge and over the last decade, utilization of natural plant biostimulants is gaining importance. The use of biostimulants can be extensively exploited under fruit crops as they contribute towards a crucial role in enhancing the anatomical, morphological, physiological, that ultimately ameliorated the fruit productivity, and quality of the fruits. In addition, the application of biostimulants helps in promoting physiological actions like photosynthesis, nutrients metabolism, enzymatic activities, chlorophyll, protein and carbohydrate content. It also helps to mitigate abiotic stress like water stress, salinity, temperature, and changes related to oxidation–reduction reaction, reactive oxygen species detoxification, stress signaling, and hormonal pathways. After much exploration regarding the effects of biostimulants on fruit crops, there is still a void that exists in the area related to its impact on various traits. Henceforth, an appropriate tactics approach is much needed under the areas of research about biostimulants.
Graphical Abstract
Remotely mind-controlled metasurface via brainwaves
Authors: Zhu Ruichao , Wang Jiafu , Qiu Tianshuo , Han Yajuan , Fu Xinmin , Shi Yuzhi , Liu Xingsi , Liu Tonghao , Zhang Zhongtao , Chu Zuntian , Qiu Cheng-Wei , Qu Shaobo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe power of controlling objects with mind has captivated a popular fascination to human beings. One possible path is to employ brain signal collecting technologies together with emerging programmable metasurfaces (PM), whose functions or operating modes can be switched or customized via on-site programming or pre-defined software. Nevertheless, most of existing PMs are wire-connected to users, manually-controlled and not real-time. Here, we propose the concept of remotely mind-controlled metasurface (RMCM) via brainwaves. Rather than DC voltage from power supply or AC voltages from signal generators, the metasurface is controlled by brainwaves collected in real time and transmitted wirelessly from the user. As an example, we demonstrated a RMCM whose scattering pattern can be altered dynamically according to the user’s brain waves via Bluetooth. The attention intensity information is extracted as the control signal and a mapping between attention intensity and scattering pattern of the metasurface is established. With such a framework, we experimentally demonstrated and verified a prototype of such metasurface system which can be remotely controlled by the user to modify its scattering pattern. This work paves a new way to intelligent metasurfaces and may find applications in health monitoring, 5G/6G communications, smart sensors, etc.
A creative approach for undergraduate nursing students to learn anatomy and physiology: a qualitative exploratory study
Authors: Barbagallo Michael S. , Porter Joanne E. , Abdelkader Amany , James Ainsley 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Anatomy and Physiology (A&P) courses in undergraduate nursing programs are often considered challenging for students. Typically, a wide variety of teaching strategies, including dissection, experiments, illustrations and photographs are used to engage students. This study aimed to explore and describe the learning experiences of an open creative assessment task on undergraduate nursing students of learning A&P. A total of eight students participated in semi-structured interviews. Two major themes emerged from the data, this included ‘Bringing A&P to life’ which included two sub-themes of ‘Learning through peer teaching’ and ‘An easy way to learn’, with the second major theme, ‘Custom made learning’ which included four sub-themes, ‘To grade or not to grade’, ‘Catering for different learning styles’, ‘Logistics of group work’, and ‘Effect of group dynamics’. This qualitative exploratory study contributes to further pedagogical insights into art and/or creative approaches to teaching.
Impact of introduction of the growth assessment protocol in a South Indian tertiary hospital on SGA detection, stillbirth rate and neonatal outcome
Authors: Ravula Pallavi Chandra , Veluganti Sridevi , Gopireddy Murali Mohan Reddy , Aziz Nuzhat 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
India has a high rate of stillbirths, and many deaths are due to fetal growth restriction and potentially preventable. Screening and identification of the small for gestational age (SGA) fetus during the antenatal period has been shown to reduce stillbirths. We set out to evaluate the impact of implementing the Growth Assessment Protocol (GAP), a programme designed for screening for SGA.

Methods
Observational study comparing two-time epochs; before (years 2011–2014) and after (years 2015–2018) introduction of GAP. The programme includes identification of risk factors, risk categorization, serial fundal height measurement, customised fetal growth charts and appropriate referral protocols. Fetal growth charts and birth centiles were generated based on the hospital database of normal outcome pregnancies, customised to women’s ethnicity, parity, height, and weight. The protocol was introduced following training of obstetric and midwifery care providers. We evaluated SGA detection rates, stillbirth rates (from 28 weeks) and neonatal morbidity at term.

Results
There were 26,199 and 31,498 births, with 115 and 108 stillbirths in the pre and post-GAP implementation periods, respectively. SGA detection rates increased from 51.1 to 67.1%, representing a 31% improvement (p<0.001). Overall stillbirth rates declined from 4.4 to 3.4 per 1000 births (RR 0.78 CI 95% 0.60–1.02) and at term from 1.5 to 0.6 (RR 0.37 CI 95% 0.20–0.66). Neonatal intensive care admission and neonatal encephalopathy in term neonates also decreased significantly.

Conclusions
Introduction of the GAP programme in an Indian tertiary maternity service was associated with improved antenatal detection of SGA and reduced stillbirth rates and neonatal morbidity.
Temporal and spatial tuning of optical constants in praseodymium doped ceria by electrochemical means
Authors: Kalaev Dmitri , Seo Han Gil , Tuller Harry L. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Temporal and spatial tuning of the refractive index of optical thin films is desired for flat optics applications. The redistribution of mobile ions in mixed ionic-electronic conductors (MIEC) has been demonstrated to serve as a viable means for achieving optical tuning down to the nanoscale. Here we studied the dynamic range of the optical tuning achievable in the refractive index, in the MIEC oxide – Pr
x
Ce1−x
O2−δ
(PCO), for x = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4, at 500 °C, by in-situ spectrophotometry. Significant increases in the modulation of both the imaginary and real optical constants in the visible and the adjacent spectra were obtained for increased doping levels. Device employing an electrochemical titration method was implemented to modulate the oxygen concentration, and thereby the optical transmission of PCO. Incorporation of a patterned top electrode allowed for the demonstration of spatial control of PCO thin film properties by in-situ video imaging of the optical switching process. The electrochemically induced optical state is shown to remain non-volatile upon quenching the device to room temperature under applied bias.
Experimental Research on Shear Strength of Remolded Debris Flow Structures
Authors: Jiang Yu , Zhou Zhenhua , Shi Changhao , Zhe Feng , Li Zhengkai , He Hongzhi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
To investigate the strength characteristics of remolded debris flow structures and influencing factors, Jiangjia Gully debris flow deposits in the Yunnan province were chosen as the research object. Considering influencing factors such as gradation types, water contents, and vertical pressures, four gradation types were reconstituted and shear strength tests were carried out on the remolded samples. Based on the interaction between these factors, the influence mechanism of each factor on the strength of the remolded structure was explored, and the strength development mechanism of the remolded structure was analyzed on this basis. The results show that the shear strength of the remolded structure is mainly provided by fine particles and that the effect of water content on the remolded structure is not merely a single feedback mechanism but works together with the external load and inhibits the strength development of the structure in some cases; the degree of influence of each factor on the shear strength of the remolded structure is ranked as follows: vertical load &gt; gradation type &gt; water content &gt; water content * gradation type &gt; gradation type * vertical load &gt; water content * vertical load. At the same water content and gradation, external vertical load has a positive effect on the enhancement of the shear strength of the remolded structure, but at the same vertical load, gradation and water content show an inhibitive effect; the content of fine particles in different gradation structures determines the structural type of the remolded structure, but the water content and vertical load, as external factors, exert a positive impact on the shear strength of the remolded structure via the rearrangement of particles in the structure and the regulation of pore water pressure, which in turn affects the shear strength of the remolded structure.