bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Напрями розвитку та удосконалення мінної зброї в контексті сучасної збройної боротьби
Authors: Ворович Б. , Герега Д. , Мосов С. 
Published: July 2022

У сучасних воєнних конфліктах передбачається широко використовувати мінну зброю, як в обороні, так і в наступі, а також у будь-яких інших видах бойових дій. Це стало можливим завдяки: швидкісній установці мін завчасно та безпосередньо під час бою; можливостям військ швидко влаштовувати загородження малими силами; виведенню з ладу бойових броньованих машин, нанесенню втрат особовому складу.
Враховуючи зростання уваги щодо використання мінної зброї в сучасних воєнних конфліктах, виникає необхідність систематизувати тенденції в її розвитку та удосконалення для знаходження перспективних способів ефективної боротьби з нею. Якщо питанням ролі мінної зброї в сучасних війнах і збройних конфліктах та особливостям її застосування приділена певна увага, то тенденції щодо її подальшого розвитку та удосконалення не досить чітко визначені та не систематизовані, що і визначає актуальність порушеного питання.
Мета статті ‑ систематизація світового досвіду щодо ролі мінної зброї в сучасних війнах і збройних конфліктах і визначення тенденції її розвитку та подальшого удосконалення в інтересах забезпечення надійного захисту від неї населення і військ (сил) Збройних Сил України.
Аналіз та дослідження стану розвитку та удосконалення мінної зброї призводять до таких висновків:
мінна зброя активно обладнується сучасними ефективними пристроями;
значне підвищення ефективності нових мін відбувається застосуванням у них зарядів направленої дії та використанням електронних підривників;
істотне підвищення потужності мін та їх компонентів відбувається за рахунок використання високоміцних матеріалів і спеціальних конструктивних рішень;
збільшення різноманітних систем дистанційного мінування дозволить застосовувати їх не тільки інженерними підрозділами, а й іншими родами військ (сил);
застосування мінної зброї все більше поширюється, навіть охоплює аерокосмічний простір.
MAKNA PENGISIAN JABATAN HAKIM AGUNG YANG DAPAT MENUJU KUALIFIKASI PERADILAN PADA MAHKAMAH AGUNG REPUBLIK INDONESIA YANG KOMPETEN DAN BERINTEGRITAS
Authors: Bachmid Fahmi Hafid , Syahruddin Erwin 
Published: July 2022

Negara Indonesia jelas merupakan negara yang berfondasikan pada prinsip demokrasi-konstitusional atau menganut negara hukum yang demokratis. Ciri pertama bahwa ajaran demokrasi sebagai landasan utama di Indonesia, antara lain nampak dalam salah satu tujuan Indonesia sebagai negara hukum adalah untuk melindungi segenap bangsa Indonesia dan seluruh tumpah darah Indonesia, memajukan kesejahteraan umum, mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa, dan ikut melaksanakan ketertiban dunia yang berdasarkan kemerdekaan, perdamaian abadi dan keadilan sosial. Perlu ada perubahan terhadap rumusan Pasal 24A ayat (3) UUD NRI Tahun 1945 untuk menegaskan dan memastikan kewenangan DPR. Perubahan tersebut harus diikuti dengan peruabahn terhadap UU Nomor 17 Tahun 2014 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan UU Nomor 2 Tahun 2018 tentang MPR, DPR, dan DPD. Perlu dilakukan perubahan atas undang-undang yang terkait dengan pengisian jabatan Hakim Agung.
Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 With Good Efficiency on a Nanostructured Cu-Al Catalyst
Authors: Zeng Juqin , Castellino Micaela , Fontana Marco , Sacco Adriano , Monti Nicolò B. D. , Chiodoni Angelica , Pirri Candido F. 
Published: July 2022

Carbon monoxide (CO) and formic acid (HCOOH) are suggested to be the most convenient products from electrochemical reduction of CO2 according to techno-economic analysis. To date, tremendous advances have been achieved in the development of catalysts and processes, which make this research topic even more interesting to both academic and industrial sectors. In this work, we report nanostructured Cu-Al materials that are able to convert CO2 to CO and HCOOH with good efficiency. The catalysts are synthesized via a green microwave-assisted solvothermal route, and are composed of Cu2O crystals modified by Al. In KHCO3 electrolyte, these catalysts can selectively convert CO2 to HCOOH and syngas with H2/CO ratios between 1 and 2 approaching one unit faradaic efficiency in a wide potential range. Good current densities of 67 and 130 mA cm−2 are obtained at −1.0 V and −1.3 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), respectively. When switching the electrolyte to KOH, a significant selectivity up to 20% is observed for C2H4 formation, and the current densities achieve 146 and 222 mA cm−2 at −1.0 V and −1.3 V vs. RHE, respectively. Hence, the choice of electrolyte is critically important as that of catalyst in order to obtain targeted products at industrially relevant current densities.
Rapid Detection of Candida tropicalis in Clinical Samples From Different Sources Using RPA-LFS
Authors: Wang Lei , Xu Aiguo , Zhou Ping , Zhao Mengdi , Xu Chenglai , Wang Yan , Wang Kun , Wang Fang , Miao Yongchang , Zhao Weiguo , Gao Xuzhu 
Published: July 2022

Candida tropicalis is one of the few Candida species besides Candida albicans that is able to produce true hyphae. At present, the commonly used clinical methods for the identification of this organism are traditional fungal culture, CTB staining, and color development. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) are also used to identify this fungus. Since the course of C. tropicalis infection progresses rapidly, there is an urgent need for rapid, sensitive, real-time field assays to meet the needs of clinical diagnosis. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) combined with lateral flow strip (LFS) can rapidly amplify and visualize target genes within 20 min, and by pre-processing samples from different sources, the entire process can be controlled within 30 min. In this study, RPA-LFS was used to amplify the internal transcribed spacer-2 (ITS2) gene of C. tropicalis, and primer-probe design was optimized by introducing base mismatches to obtain a specific and sensitive primer-probe combination for clinical sample detection. LFS assay for 37 common clinical pathogens was performed, sensitivity and specificity of the detection system was determined, reaction temperature and time were optimized, and 191 actual clinical samples collected from different sources were tested to evaluate the detection performance of the established RPA-LFS system to provide a reliable molecular diagnostic method for the detection of C. tropicalis, the results show that the RPA-LFS system can specifically detect C. tropicalis without cross-reacting with other fungi or bacterial, with a sensitivity of 9.94 CFU/µL, without interference from genomic DNA of other species, at an optimal reaction temperature of 39°C, and the whole reaction process can be controlled within 20 min, and to meet the clinical need for rapid, sensitive, real-time, and portable field testing.
Plasma-Derived Exosomal SncRNA as a Promising Diagnostic Biomarker for Early Detection of HBV-Related Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure
Authors: Xu Wenli , Yu Mingxue , Wu Yuankai , Jie Yusheng , Li Xiangyong , Zeng Xinxin , Yang Fangji , Chong Yutian 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesThe small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) including microRNAs and the noncanonical sncRNAs [i.e., tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) and rRNA-derived small RNAs (rsRNAs)] are a vital class of gene regulators in response to a variety of diseases. We focus on an sncRNA signature enriched in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) to develop a plasma exosome-based noninvasive biomarker for human ACLF.MethodsIn this work, sncRNAs related to HBV-ACLF were identified by small RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in plasma exosomes collected from 3 normal subjects, 4 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with flare, and 6 HBV-ACLF patients in the discovery cohort. Thereafter, the differentially expressed sncRNAs were further verified in a validation cohort (n = 313) using the newly developed molecular signature incorporating different mi/ts/rsRNAs (named as MTR-RNAs) through qRT-PCR assays. Subsequently, using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression (LR) model analysis, we developed an MTR-RNA classifier for early detection of ACLF.ResultsThe identified sncRNAs (hsa-miR-23b-3p, hsa-miR-223-3p, hsa-miR-339-5p, tsRNA-20, tsRNA-46, and rsRNA-249) were specifically differentially expressed in plasma exosomes of HBV-ACLF. The MTR-RNA signature (AUC = 0.787) containing the above sncRNAs distinguished HBV-ACLF cases among normal subjects with 71.67% specificity and 74.29% sensitivity, CHB patients with flare (AUC = 0.694, 85.71% sensitivity/59.5% specificity), and patients with CHB/cirrhosis (AUC = 0.785, 57.14% sensitivity/94.59% specificity). Notably, it revealed 100% specificity/94.80% sensitivity in detecting patients or normal people.ConclusionsOur as-constructed plasma-derived exosomal sncRNA signature can serve as a reliable biomarker for ACLF detection and also be adopted to be the pre−triage biomarker for selecting cases that can gain benefits from adjuvant treatment.
The Microbiological Etiology of Fracture-Related Infection
Authors: Depypere Melissa , Sliepen Jonathan , Onsea Jolien , Debaveye Yves , Govaert Geertje A. M. , IJpma Frank F. A. , Zimmerli Werner , Metsemakers Willem-Jan 
Published: July 2022

PurposeFracture-related infection (FRI) is an important complication related to orthopaedic trauma. Although the scientific interest with respect to the diagnosis and treatment of FRI is increasing, data on the microbiological epidemiology remains limited. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological epidemiology related to FRI, including the association with clinical symptoms and antimicrobial susceptibility data. The secondary aim was to analyze whether there was a relationship between the time to onset of infection and the microbiological etiology of FRI.MethodsFRI patients treated at the University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium, between January 1st 2015 and November 24th 2019 were evaluated retrospectively. The microbiological etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility data were analyzed. Patients were classified as having an early (&lt;2 weeks after implantation), delayed (2-10 weeks) or late-onset (&gt; 10 weeks) FRI.ResultsOne hundred ninety-one patients with 194 FRIs, most frequently involving the tibia (23.7%) and femur (18.6%), were included. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated pathogen, regardless of time to onset (n=61; 31.4%), followed by S. epidermidis (n=50; 25.8%) and non-epidermidis coagulase-negative staphylococci (n=35; 18.0%). Polymicrobial infections (n=49; 25.3%), mainly involving Gram negative bacilli (GNB) (n=32; 65.3%), were less common than monomicrobial infections (n=138; 71.1%). Virulent pathogens in monomicrobial FRIs were more likely to cause pus or purulent discharge (n=45;54.9%; p=0.002) and fistulas (n=21;25.6%; p=0.030). Susceptibility to piperacillin/tazobactam for GNB was 75.9%. Vancomycin covered 100% of Gram positive cocci.ConclusionThis study revealed that in early FRIs, polymicrobial infections and infections including Enterobacterales and enterococcal species were more frequent. A time-based FRI classification is not meaningful to estimate the microbiological epidemiology and cannot be used to guide empiric antibiotic therapy. Large multicenter prospective studies are necessary to gain more insight into the added value of (broad) empirical antibiotic therapy.
Relationship Between Morphological Remodeling and Angiographic Types of Spontaneous Isolated Superior Mesenteric Artery Dissection After Conservative Management: Determinant Affecting Serial Radiologic Courses
Authors: Yuan Zihui , Sheng Shi , You Yun , Li Defu , Wei Qi , Yan Kai , Wang Jian 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo monitor the radiological courses of symptomatic spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection (SISMAD) after conservation, clarify the relationship between its morphological change and initial imaging classification, and identify these factors that affect dissection remodeling.MethodsEighty-nine conservative patients with SISMAD who underwent periodic follow-up of computed tomography angiography (CTA) were enrolled. Initial morphologic classification, imaging features and dissection remodeling were analyzed retrospectively. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors for remodeling. Receiver operating characteristics were performed for cutoff threshold.ResultsZerbib classification was adapted and initial CT appearance divided eighty-nine patients into: type I (15.7%), patent false lumen (FL) with both entry and re-entry; type II (37.1%), “cul-de-sac” shaped FL without re-entry; type III (27.0%), thrombosed FL with ulcer-like-projection (ULP); type IV (18%), intramural hematoma; type V (0%), dissecting aneurysm; and type VI (2.2%), total or partial occlusion of superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Follow-up CTA revealed complete remodeling (33.7%), partial remodeling (16.9%), no change (25.8%), type change (13.5%) and dissection progression (10.1%). There was no dissection-related mortality. Type I (92.9%) sustained patent FL and no angiographic change. Type II showed partial remodeling (42.4%), no change (27.3%) and dissection progression (27.3%), and the length of FL enhancement positively predicted dissection progression with the cutoff of 40.3 millimeters. Type III achieved complete remodeling (58.3%) or evolved into type II (41.7%), and the distance between SMA orifice and ULP negatively predicted type change with the cutoff of 23.5 millimeters. Type IV (87.5%) achieved complete remodeling due to hematoma absorption. One patient underwent stent placement for the evolution of ULP into an enlarged blind-ending FL 2 months after conservation.ConclusionAfter conservation, patent FL with a distal re-entry is no morphological change, FL thrombosis tends to be resolved, and the “cul-de-sac” shaped FL without re-entry is partially shortened, no change or progressively dilated. FL enhancement length ≥ 40.3 millimeters is a predictor for the blinding-end FL enlargement. Thrombosed FL with ULP evolves into a patent “cul-de-sac” shaped FL when the distance between SMA orifice to ULP is less than 23.5 millimeters. A careful follow-up is necessary for the lesions with demonstrated predictors.
Comprehensive Analysis of TRIM Family Genes in Hepatitis Virus B-Related Hepatoma Carcinoma
Authors: Hu Wei , Liu Dongsheng , Li Renjie , Qian Hong , Qiu Wei , Ye Qingwang , Kong Fanyun 
Published: July 2022

Background: As significant components of E3 ligases, the tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins participate in various biological processes and facilitate the development of several diseases. Nevertheless, the correlations of TIRMs with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-positive hepatoma carcinoma (HCC) are not well elaborated.Methods: The expression profile of TRIM genes in HBV-associated HCC and related clinical information were extracted from the Cancer Genome Atla (TCGA) database and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database. Dependent on the ConsensusPathDB and STRING databases, the gene ontology, Reactome pathways, and protein-protein interaction were assessed. Relied on TIMER 2.0 database, the relationship of the TRIMs with immune infiltration was investigated. Using multivariate analysis and Kaplan Meier analysis, the association between TRIM genes and the prognostic value was examined.Results: A total of 17 TRIM genes, including TRIM16, TRIM17, and TRIM31 with fold change no less than 1.5, were discovered to upregulate in HBV-associated HCC in both TCGA and ICGC cohorts. Relied on gene enrichment analysis, the identified TRIMs were observed to not only be related to the interferon and cytokine signaling but also linked to the adaptive immune system. Particularly, the co-expression patterns of identified TRIMs with other E3 ligase genes and many innate immune genes that are associated with Toll-like receptor signaling, apoptosis, and SUMOylation. Besides, some of identified TRIM expressions were also linked to the infiltration levels of T cells and B cells. Additionally, several TRIM genes were associated with various clinical factors and relevant to the poor survival of HBV-associated HCC.Conclusion: Our findings could deepen our understanding of TRIMs and their correlations with HBV-associated HCC. Furthermore, some of these TRIMs may be utilized as new prognostic markers of HBV-related HCC prognosis, or act as potential molecular targets for the disease.
Low IL7R Expression at Diagnosis Predicted Relapse in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients With t(8;21)
Authors: Xu Nan , Sun Kai , Wang Ya-Zhe , Chen Wen-Min , Wang Jun , Li Ling-Di , Wang Xu , Hao Yue , Chang Yan , Liu Yan-Rong , Huang Xiao-Jun , Qin Ya-Zhen 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;21) needs to be further stratified. In addition to leukemia cells, immune cells in tumor microenvironment participate in tumor initiation, growth and progression. Interleukins (ILs)/interleukin receptors (ILRs) interaction plays important roles in the antitumor immune response. IL7R is reported to be relevant to prognosis in solid tumor and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, the prognostic significance of IL7R in t(8;21) AML remains to be clarified.MethodsBone marrows collected from 156 newly diagnosed t(8;21) AML patients were used for testing IL7R transcript level by TaqMan-based real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR), and RNAseq were performed in 15 of them. Moreover, IL7R expression at diagnosis were measured by RQ-PCR and flow cytometry (FCM) simultaneously in other 13 t(8;21) AML patients.Resultst(8;21) AML patients had varied IL7R transcript levels and were categorized into low-expression (IL7R-L) and high-expression (IL7R-H) groups; IL7R-L was significantly associated with a lower relapse-free survival (RFS) rate (P=0.0027) and KITD816/D820 mutation (P=0.0010). Furthermore, IL7R-L was associated with a lower RFS rate in KITD816/D820 group (P=0.013) and IL7R-H/KITD816/D820 patients had similar RFS to KITN822/e8/WT patients (P=0.35). GO analysis enrichment showed that down-regulated genes were predominantly involved in the regulation of T cell and leukocyte activation, proliferation and differentiation in IL7R-L group. IL7R-L had significantly lower levels of Granzymes A/B, CCR7, CD28 and CD27 than IL7R-H group (all P&lt;0.05). FCM analysis showed IL7R protein was primarily expressed in CD4+ T and CD8+ T cell subset. A significant association was found between the transcript level of IL7R and the percentage of CD8+ T cells in nucleated cells (P=0.015) but not CD4+ T cells (P=0.47).ConclusionLow IL7R transcript level of bone marrow at diagnosis predicted relapse in t(8;21) AML, which might be caused by the difference in the amount, status and function of T cells.
Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation Increased the Risk of Developing Hepatic Failure and Mortality in Cirrhosis With Acute Exacerbation
Authors: Zhu Ying , Li Hai , Wang Xianbo , Zheng Xin , Huang Yan , Chen Jinjun , Meng Zhongji , Gao Yanhang , Qian Zhiping , Liu Feng , Lu Xiaobo , Shi Yu , Shang Jia , Yan Huadong , Zheng Yubao , Qiao Liang , Zhang Yan , Xiang Xiaomei , Dan Yunjie , Sun Shuning , Hou Yixin , Zhang Qun , Xiong Yan , Li Sumeng , Chen Jun , Huang Zebing , Li Beiling , Jiang Xiuhua , Luo Sen , Chen Yuanyuan , Gao Na , Liu Chunyan , Ji Liujuan , Yuan Wei , Li Jing , Li Tao , Zheng Rongjiong , Zhou Xinyi , Ren Haotang , Zhou Yi , Xu Baoyan , Yu Rentao , Tan Wenting , Deng Guohong 
Published: July 2022

Background and AimsHepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is a serious condition and has been extensively described in chemotherapeutic immunosuppressive population. However, little is known about HBV reactivation in immunocompetent patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). In this study, we evaluated the prevalence and the clinical significance of HBV reactivation in CHB patients with acute exacerbations.MethodPatients were screened from two prospective multicenter observational cohorts (CATCH-LIFE cohort). A total of 1,020 CHB patients with previous antiviral treatment history were included to assess the prevalence, risk factors, clinical characteristics of HBV reactivation, and its influence on the progression of chronic liver disease.ResultsThe prevalence of HBV reactivation was 51.9% in CHB patients with acute exacerbations who had antiviral treatment history in our study. Among the 529 patients with HBV reactivation, 70.9% of them were triggered by discontinued antiviral treatment and 5.9% by nucleos(t)ide analogs (NUCs) resistance. The prevalence of antiviral treatment disruption and NUCs resistance in patients with HBV reactivation is much higher than that in the patients without (70.9% vs. 0.2%, and 5.9% vs. 0, respectively, both p &lt; 0.001). Stratified and interaction analysis showed that HBV reactivation was correlated with high short-term mortality in cirrhosis subgroup (HR = 2.1, p &lt; 0.001). Cirrhotic patients with HBV reactivation had a significantly higher proportion of developing hepatic failure (45.0% vs. 20.3%, p &lt; 0.001), acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF; 31.4% vs. 21.8%, p = 0.005), and short-term death (14.0% vs. 5.9% for 28-day, and 23.3% vs. 12.4% for 90-day, both p &lt; 0.001) than those without. HBV reactivation is an independent risk factor of 90-day mortality for cirrhosis patients (OR = 1.70, p = 0.005), as well as hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, and bacterial infection.ConclusionThis study clearly demonstrated that there was a high prevalence of HBV reactivation in CHB patients, which was mainly triggered by discontinued antiviral treatment. The HBV reactivation strongly increased the risk of developing hepatic failure, ACLF and short-term death in HBV-related cirrhotic patients, which may suggest that HBV reactivation would be a new challenge in achieving the WHO target of 65% reduction in mortality from hepatitis B by 2030.
Modified Iron Deposition in Nigrosomes by Pharmacotherapy for the Management of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Wang Mengdi , Wang Hongxia , Wang Jing , Lu Shujun , Li Chen , Zhong Xiaofei , Wang Nan , Ge Ruli , Zheng Qi , Chen Jinbo , Wang Hongcai 
Published: July 2022

Background: Increased iron deposition in nigrosome as assessed by susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study investigated the effects of antiparkinson drugs on iron deposition in the nigrosome of PD patients.Methods: Based on the retrospective analysis of clinical data, alterations in iron deposition in the substantia nigra were investigated in 51 PD patients across different types of therapies and in nine Parkinson-plus syndrome patients. The Movement Disorder Society revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part Ⅲ/Ⅳ (UPDRS Ⅲ/Ⅳ) was utilized to evaluate motor function and complications. SWI (slice = 0.6 mm) was used to detect iron deposition in the nigrosome and substantia nigra. Nigrosome loss was scored on a 1-point nigrosome visibility scale. Visual assessment of dorsolateral nigral hyperintensity (DNH) was separately performed for each side of the nigrosome with SWI.Results: Increased UPDRS Ⅲ scores were correlated with low nigrosome scores based on correlation analysis at a disease duration of 6–12 months (r = −0.8420). The loss of the nigrosome on SWI was clearly inhibited in PD patients with a 3–5-year duration of administration of antiparkinson medications compared with no treatment. Decreased UPDRS Ⅲ scores and increased nigrosome scores were observed in the regular treatment of PD patients with a 6–7-year disease duration. For patients with Parkinson-plus syndromes, such as multiple system atrophy, iron accumulation was apparent in the corpus striatum and substantia nigra compared with that for patients with progressive supranuclear palsy.Conclusions: Early and regular treatment with antiparkinson drugs not only alleviates the chance of PD disability but also prevents the loss of DNH, namely, iron accumulation in the nigrosome.