bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apple, Insecticide Test, 1974
Authors: Asquith Dean , Hull Larry A. , Travis James W. , Mowery Paul D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to run-off to single-tree plots in a randomized block design with 4 replicates of Golden Delicious. Treated single-trees were separated by others not sprayed with insecticides. Experimental sprays were applied with a John Bean sprayer, 35 gpm pump, equipped with a spray mast carrying 7 spray guns arranged to wet the uniformly trimmed trees. Spray dates for the test insecticides were: May 14, 30, June 13 (UC-49035 treatments dropped after June 13), June 27 and 28, July 19 and 20, and August 8. The fungicide mixture 1.5 lb captan 50W plus 1.5 lb Polyram 80W/acre was applied with an airblast sprayer on May 29, June 10 and 25, July 8 and 23, August 5 and 19. Average temperatures were: May 59.16° F, June 65.62° F, July 72.87° F, August 72.24°F, and September 63.23° F. Rainfall in inches was: May 3.31, June 5.05, July 1.56, August 2.73, and September 4.88. 1974 was a light crop year. Effectiveness of the insecticides on the codling moth-oriental fruit moth complex was evaluated by scoring for injury all drops after July 1 and a picked sample of 25 apples/replicate, 544/treatment taken on August 26, eighteen days after the last spray. Apple samples averaged 136/replicate, 544/treatment. Effectiveness of the insecticides on the European red mite and on Z.mali was determined by making counts of mites on samples of 20 leaves/tree, 80 leaves/treatment. Effect of the sprays on the predator S.punctum was evaluated by 3-min counts of larvae, pupae and adults around the periphery of the test trees. Effectiveness on apple aphids was determined by collecting 4 terminals from the top of the tree and 4\terminals from around the bottom of the tree. Then the number of aphids on the most infested leaf from each terminal was counted.
Apple, Summer Mite Control, 1975
Authors: Hill Clarence H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Acaricide treatments were applied midseason to young apple trees. The trees had a grower applied, standard spray schedule until mid-July. On July 24 a spray of Captan 50W 4 lb + Sevin 50W 4 lb/A was uniformly applied at 4X concentration (100 gal/A). The acaricides were applied July 31 with a high pressure hydraulic sprayer operating at 540 psi. The trees were sprayed to run off. Dual tree treatments were replicated 5 times. The mite populations were sampled the day of treatment and at weekly intervals for the following five weeks.
Apple, European Red Mite Control, Selective Acaricides, 1975
Authors: Swift Fred C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several compounds were evaluated for toxicity to the European red mite and one of its major predators in the northeastern U.S., Amblyseiusfallacis. The experiment was conducted in an 11 year old orchard of Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, and Stayman at the Rutgers Fruit Research Center, Cream Ridge, N.J. All treatments, one tree of each variety per treatment, were applied on July 16; a repeat application-of AC 85258 was made on July 30. Sprays were applied with a handgun at 250 psi, 6 gallons per tree. Rainfall totalling 1.85 inches fell during the night of July 20. Pre-treatment mite population estimates were based on samples of 25 leaves/tree, pooled, brushed and censused; post-treatment estimates were based on counts on individual leaves (5 leaves/tree, 15/treatment, randomly selected), using a stereoscopic microscope.
Apple, Leafroller Control, 1975
Authors: Thomas John H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticide treatments applied as full-season, dilute sprays were evaluated in a block of 10-11 year-old trees for leafroller control. The entire block was sprayed with Dikar 6 lb/A + Systox 6E 10 oz/A on April 10, April 17, April 23; Captan 50W 6 lb/A on April 30; Agri-Strep 1.5 lb/A on May 5; Dikar 6 lb/A + Agri-Strep 1.5 lb/A on May 9; Dikar 6 lb/A + Guthion 50W 1.5 lb/A alternate middles on May 16; Dikar 6 lb/A + Guthion 50W 1.5 lb/A + Karathane 0.5 lb/A + NAA 5 ppm on May 22; Dikar 6 lb/A + Guthion 50W 1.5 lb/A + Karathane 9 oz/A on June 3 and June 9. Single-tree plots were replicated 5 times using Stayman, York and Rome varieties. Treatments were applied to runoff using a high pressure Bean sprayer operating at 540 psi on the following dates: June 17, June 24, July 8, July 22, August 8, August 19, August 27. Omite 6E 24 oz/A + Captan 80W 4 lb/A were airblasted on all plots on August 19. The harvest appraisal dates were October 14 for Stayman, October 16 for York and October 17 for Rome. Treatments were evaluated by examining 250 apples (50/rep., 1 rep. Stayman, 2 rep. York, 2 rep. Rome). One apple may have had more than one type of damage.
Snap Beans,

E.

Varivestis

Control
Authors: York Alan C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bean seed was planted using a Planet Jr in 25 ft rows on 30 inch centers on June 5, 1975, near French Lick, Indiana. Six treatments including a check were arranged in a randomized block design with 4 replicates. Each treatment consisted of 2 sprayed rows separated from the next treatment by an unsprayed row. Soil type was silt loam with fragipans, moderate to poorly drained. Insecticides were applied on 4 dates with a compressed air sprayer at the rate of 100 gallons spray per acre, 40 psi. Mexican bean beetles (egg masses, larvae, and adults) were counted on 3 occasions: the first 2, entire plants were examined; on the third, 10 trifoliate leaves were checked. Plots were harvested by hand on July 23, 1975 (5 row feet per replicate), and weighed.
Broccoli,

M.

Persicae

Control, Salinas Vicinity, 1975
Authors: McCalley Norman F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Broccoli ‘Green Duke’ was planted two rows per bed April 21, 1975, with a Dahlman Precision Seeder at the Green Giant Co. test site. On May 21, prior to thinning, insecticides were applied by CO2 sprayer equipped with a hand held boom fitted with 6 Spraying Systems 8001 T-jet flat fan nozzles operated at 60 gal/A and 60 psi covering 1 bed. Plots were I bed (40 inch centers) x 33 ft, replicated four times in a randomized complete block design.
Detection of Possible Resistance to Insecticides in Cabbage Looper Larvae, 1974
Authors: Halfhill J. E. , Treat T. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Local growers of cole crops have found it increasingly difficult to control the larvae of the cabbage looper using the recommended rates of application for some of the insecticides commonly employed. Following the establishment of a laboratory culture of the locally derived cabbage looper, three sizes of larvae (2nd, late 34d, and late 4th or 5th) were challenged with the recommended doses of these insecticides. Five-plant bouquets of 30 to 40 day old seedling garden peas were dipped in solutions of the insecticides until thoroughly wetted. After permitting the excess moisture to drain off for about 1 hr, two bouquets from each treatment were placed into a 2 liter container together with 5 larvae of a given size. The containers were covered with nylon screening and were held in the laboratory where the temperature ranged from 20 to 25°C, the RH was about 40% and the photophase was 14 hr. There were three replications of each treatment. Mortality was determined by examining the larvae in each container every 24 hr for 5 days.
Control of Cruciferous Insect Pests, 1974 and 1975
Authors: Su C. Y. , Kungand S. P. , Rose R. I. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several field tests for the control of cabbage insect pests were conducted at the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center in 1974 and 1975. Field evaluations were conducted using RCB experimental designs witff.a plot size of 10 square meters and four replicates of each treatment. For each crop planting, nine insecticides and one control were tested. Insecticides were applied with 2.5 gallon air pressure sprayers, each calibrated with a stopwatch.
Control of the Onion Maggot in Muck Soils, Orange County, New York
Authors: Straub R. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Granular and liquid drench maggot treatments were applied at planting time on April 25, at Florida, and on April 30, at Pine Island. Application was through a single-cone seeder equipped with a liquid in-furrow attachment. Pre-weighed amounts of granular formulations were applied with seed into furrows made with a single shoe. Liquid formulations were dispensed under CO2 pressure (40 psi) into the furrow with seed at dosages comparable to 50 gal/15 inch row acre. Seeds were planted to a final stand of 9.5 plants/foot. Plots were single 15 inch rows, 40 ft long with five replications in randomized blocks. The soil was organic muck and moisture was 60% of field capacity at planting. Initial stand counts were taken from the center 20 ft of each 40 ft row. Manzate 200 at 3 lb/a (smut control) served as the untreated check. All insecticide treatments also received fungicides for smut control. Evaluations started when first damage noted and consisted of inspecting plants from each 20 ft row section. Maggot damaged plants were eliminated. Damage counts were made May 30, June 5, 12, 19, and 26.
Potato Leafhopper Control with Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides
Authors: Libby J. L. , Longridge J. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two-row 54 ft plots with rows 36 inch apart were planted with “B-size” certified seed of the ‘Superior’ cultivar at the U. W. Research Farm, Arlington, Wisconsin, on May 20, 1975. Treatments applied on May 20 consisted of 4 replicates in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied as granules mixed with the fertilizer and banded in-furrow through a Lockwood 2-row potato planter or were sprayed in the open furrow with a Solo-back pack sprayer delivering 72 gal of spray per acre. The soil type was Piano silt loam (sand 12%, silt 70%, clay 18%) and the pH 6.2. Vines were killed on August 28. Total rainfall from planting to vine killing was 11.87 inch. Insect counts were taken with a 15 inch insect sweep net. Yields were taken on September 10. Potato leafhoppers reached high population levels by mid-June. Aster leafhopper, potato flea beetle, potato aphid, and green peach aphid numbers were low in these plots. Untreated control plots suffered severe “hopperburn” by early August which rendered them no longer conducive to insect feeding.
Wireworm Control on Potatoes Grown on Sod, 1975
Authors: Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted May 16, at Rosemount, Minn., on fescue-bluegrass sod plowed and disced May 16. The field had been in sod the previous 4 years. The soil type is a Waukegan silt loam. Insecticides were applied as in-furrow, split-band treatments at planting. Plots were 2 rows, 50 ft long, randomized in complete blocks with 4 replications. Eptam preplant and Sencor post emergence herbicidal treatments were applied for weed control. Fungicidal sprays, Dithane M-45, Bravo, or Difolatan, were applied weekly from June 20. No foliar insecticides were applied despite high potato leaf-hopper populations which appreciably reduced yields. The plots were harvested September 11. The potatoes were washed, graded, and those that were B-size or larger were scored for wireworm injury and weighed.
Irish Potato, Control of Potato Infesting Aphids, 1975
Authors: Storch R. H. , Simpson Geddes W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments A, E, and F were 6x6 Latin square designs and B, C, and D were 8x6, 7x6, and 7x6 randomized complete block designs respectively and were conducted at Presque Isle, Maine on land that was sown to oats in 1974. Planting dates were May 19, 1975 for experiments A and B and May 20, 1975 for experiments C - F. In each experiment the 9.1 m space between blocks and the 1.4 m space between columns and at the sides and ends of the experiments were sown to oats at planting. Each plot consisted of 4 rows, 0.9 m apart and 15.2 m long. The 56.7 healthy seed pieces were hand planted 30.5 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling practices were normal for the area. Late blight control was effected by weekly foliar applica-tions of Rohm and Haas M45 (1121 ga i/ha July 9 to 31, 1681 ga i/ha August 4 to 20, and 2242 ga i/ha August 25 to 29). Soil applica-tions of insecticides were made by hand with a metered plastic tube into the furrow just prior to planting. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Slosser sprayer (14.1 kg/cm2 and 1.2 kl/ha). Foliar insecticides were mixed with the fungicide. Numbers of aphids (by species) were counted on a top, middle, and bottom leaf of 25 plants in the center rows of each plot. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformation of the raw data using log10(x + 1). Means of the total number of wingless aphids were compared with Duncan’s new multiple range test and reconverted in the Table. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. For the growing season, rainfall was about 80% of normal and temperatures were about 2°C above normal.
Potato Insect Control, Freeville, New York, 1975
Authors: Tingey W. M. , Kim T. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Katahdin’ potatoes were planted on May 29, 1975, in Phelps gravelly silt loam soil at a spacing of 9 to 12 inches within the row using a 2-row McConnell potato planter. Individual plots were 2 rows wide 32 ft in length. Row spacing was 34 inches and plots were separated by 2 skip rows. Experimental design was randomized complete block with 4 replications. Fertilization consisted of 1250 lbs/A of 12-24-12 NPK, in 2, in-row bands at planting. Weed control was by Lorox at 2.0 lb a.i./acre post-planting, pre-emergence. Manzate 200 was used at 1.6 lb a.i./acre at weekly intervals season-long for control of late blight. Granular systemic chemicals were applied immediately prior to planting in the seed furrow, using a Planet Jr cone seeder; a tractor-mounted, electrically-driven Gandy applicator was used for side-dress treatments. Foliar sprays were applied by tractor-mounted boom sprayer at 250 psi and 100 gal/A. Plots were not irrigated; rainfall (inches) during growing period was: June (4.0), July (3.1), August (4.5).
Potato

L.

Canus

Control, Grandview, Washington, 1070
Authors: Toba H. H. , Landis B. J. , Powell D. , Foiles L. L. , Mondor W. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The soil type in the test plot is not known, but it was probably Sagemoor Series, very fine sandy loam, with less than 2% organic matter. Broadcast and sidedress treatments were conducted as separate experiments, and each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 6 rows wide (34 inch apart) and 40 ft long. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Broadcast granular treatments were applied with a hand-operated grass seeder on May 1, 1970, then double-disced in the soil on the same day. Potatoes were planted on May 5. Sidedress applications were made on May 12, using tractor-mounted Gandy applicators; granules were placed in I inch bands, 4 inch to each side and level with the potato seed pieces. The plots were rill irrigated. The 4 center rows of each plot were harvested on October 5. Injury (any penetration of a tuber by wireworms) was assessed based on percent injury by weight. Percentages of injured tubers were transformed to and analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan’s new multiple range test.
Laboratory Insecticide Screening,

C.

Glauca

, Yakima, Washington, 1971
Authors: Toba H. H. , Landis B. J. , Foiles L. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
C. glauca larvae were collected in the fall of 1970 from Wiley City, Washington, and held at 40°F until the tests were conducted. The soil used was “river-bottom soil”, sandy loam,&lt;0.5% organic matter, sifted with 8-mesh sieve. The bioassays were conducted as follows: insecticides were mixed with air-dry soil in a Twin shell dry blender for 15 min, after which water was added to the soil (2.7% moisture), and the treated soil was placed in 0.5-pt Mason fruit jars. The dosage rates simulated broadcast treatments, and the incorporation of materials to 6 inch in depth. Two boiled wheat grains were pushed down ca. 1 inch into the soil of each jar. One wireworm was placed in each jar; if the wireworm did not burrow into the soil within 1 min, the wireworm was replaced. Regular jar lids were used, but they were not secured tightly. Each treatment consisted of 10 jars. The jars were held in a laboratory maintained at ca. 20 to 25°C. The jars were checked once weekly to determine mortality, which included any dead or moribund larvae. At the weekly checks, moisture was added to the soil as required, two new boiled wheat grains were added, and the same live larvae were replaced in the corresponding jars. Three separate tests were con-ducted, and the results are summarized in the table.
Myzus

Persicae

Control, 1975
Authors: Waddill Van 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potato seed pieces were planted 4 inch apart in marl soil on November 13, 1974. Plots consisted of 2 rows 3 ft apart, 40 ft long. Treatments were randomized and replicated 3 times. Insecticides were applied January 31, 1975 in 100 gal water/A using a 150 psi tractor mounted sprayer with 5 nozzles per row. Plots were evaluated 3 and 10 days post-application by randomly selecting 10 bottom leaves per plot and counting the number of living aphids. Means were separated using Duncan’s multiple range statistics.
Wireworm Control on Sweet Potatoes
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Shell DD at 10 gallons per acre was applied in row for nematodes on May 2, 1973. Sweet potatoes ‘Jewel’ were planted on May 23. Treatments were applied at lay-by on July 26, when roots were enlarging. Plots con-sisted of three rows, 50 ft long with four replications in randomized complete blocks. Soil was classified as a Norfolk Sandy Loam, with pH of 5.1, O. M. of 0.9% and adequate soil moisture. Insecticides were applied broadcast over the row with a hand-cranked cyclone seeder. Wireworm damage was evaluated by turning out the center row in each plot, from which sweet potatoes were selected at random for scoring. One hundred roots were scored per treatment on October 9. Damage classes were: 0 = no damage; 1 = up to 5 holes; 2 = 6 to 10 holes; and 3 = 11 or more holes/sweet potato. When this damage was averaged, a “damage index” was obtained. “Percent damage control” was arrived at by the following formula: for treated sweet potatoes let A = the damage index and B = the % sweet potatoes damaged; for untreated (check) sweet potatoes let X = the damage index and Y = the % sweet potatoes damaged; then 100 - (AB/XY x 100) = percent damage control, a factor which relects the effectiveness of the insecticide by comparing wireworm damage to potatoes from treated plots with potatoes from untreated plots.
Alfalfa Weevil and Variegated Cutworm Control on Alfalfa in Nebraska, 1975
Authors: Peters Leoy L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Alfalfa weevil control demonstrations were conducted in Franklin and Thayer Counties in south central Nebraska. An infestation of variegated cutworms developed in the Thayer County plot and population counts were made of both pests. Ground-applied plots were 40 by 150 ft and replicated 3 times at each loca-tion. Insecticides were applied with a compressed air plot sprayer mounted on an International Harvester 140 tractor. The air-applied plots in Thayer County were flight-swath wide, approximately 300 ft. long.
Wireworm Control in Field Corn, Pierce Co., Nebraska 1975
Authors: Pike K. S. , Mayo Z. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field corn was seeded at a rate of 19,000-21,000 seeds per acre using a John Deere Model 70, 4 row planter on May 16, 1975. Insecticides were banded over the row in front of the press wheel or applied in seed furrow. Plots were single rows, 1,000 feet long with 40-inch spacing replicated twice in randomized blocks. The plot area was in sod prior to 1974 and in corn from 1974 to 1975. Soil was classified as a Thurman Valentine, with pH of 6.0 (water), percent organic matter, sand and clay; 4.0, 49.0, 31,0. Evaluation of wireworm feeding injury to seed and seedling stage com was based on paired sub-samples of treated and untreated adjacent rows taken May 27 and 28, 1975. Each single row subsample consisted of 6 adjacent seeds or seedling plants. Analysis of covariance was used to adjust for wireworm injury intensity encountered at the subsampling sites. Five sub-sample stand counts (each 20 ft long per row) were taken on July 15, 1975.
P

.

Gossypiella

Control in Cotton, 1975
Authors: Watson T. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five treatments were replicated 4 times in randomized blocks. Plots were 8 rows wide and 280 ft long. Applications were made with a high clearance sprayer using 40 psi and 3 nozzles per row at a speed of 5 mph and applying 9.6 gallons per acre. The initial treatment was applied when larval infestations in bolls reached ca 25% and was continued on 7 day intervals for a total of 9 applications. Boll sampling was done on a weekly schedule and one day prior to treatment. Yields were taken from the center 2 rows of each plot.
Sorghum

O

. (

R

.)

Pratensis

Control, Yuma, 1975
Authors: Turtle D. M. , Arvizo G. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four numbered compounds were evaluated for control efficacy in November and December: PP067 and PP199 50DG; and PGP-102 and PGP-103 40EC. Plots were treated November 18 at the rate of 25 gallons of spray per acre with a ground sprayer to replicated plots (4X) of .25 acre each. Mite counts were recorded on November 21, 26, and December 1. Figures represent the number of mites per head based on 5 heads per plot. These grain heads were rapped or beaten on a seed sieve over a plastic funnel. The grain heads were used in preference to leaves since they were heavily infested to the extent of considerable webbing.
Apple, Experimental Miticide Evaluations, 1984
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L. J. , David P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The miticide DPX-Y5893 at 2 rates and Plictran were applied on 14 Jun and compared to a treatment of Trithion + oil sprayed 12 Apr (delayed dormant). Single tree plots were arranged in a randomized block design and replicated 4 times. Trees were sprayed to runoff with a handgun using a Bean 35 gal/min hydraulic sprayer operating at 400 psi. Treatments were evaluated by randomly selecting 25 leaves per replicate, brushing onto glass plates with a modified Henderson-McBurnie brushing machine and counting with a binocular microscope.
Corn Earworm, European Corn Borer, and Fall Armyworm Control on Sweet Corn, 1984
Authors: Graustein Mark R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
“Silver Queen” and “White Satin” were planted on 22 Jun in alternating 4-row plots 15 ft long on 30-inch centers. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 5 times. Only the center 2 rows of the “Silver Queen” plots were treated using a 2.5 gal CO2 pressurized hand sprayer with a delivery rate of 61 gal/acre at 40 psi. A twice refined non-emulsified soybean oil (2RNE) was also used with Pydrin and Lorsban in ratios of 3:1 and 2:1, oil to insecticide respectively. The sprayer was equipped with 1 hollow-cone nozzle per row which was directed at the ear zone during application. Treatments were applied on 14, 20, 24, and 31 Aug. Twenty ears from the center 2 rows of each plot were harvested on 7 Sep and graded as either fresh market or processable. To be graded fresh market, the kernels had to be free of insect feeding damage. Processing corn could have up to 1.5 inch tip damage and/or slight damage to a few kernels on the side of the ear.