bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of hand-arm self-avatar motion delay on the directional perception induced by an illusory sensation of being twisted
Authors: Amemiya Tomohiro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSensory information from movements of body parts can alter their position when exposed to external physical stimuli. Visual information monitors the position and movement of body parts from an exterior perspective, whereas somatosensory information monitors them from an internal viewpoint. However, how such sensory data are integrated is unclear. In this study, a virtual reality (VR) system was used to evaluate the influence of the temporal difference between visual and somatosensory information from hand movements on the directional perception of a torque while modifying the visual appearance (human hand vs. non-human object) and visuohaptic congruency (congruent vs. incongruent) of self-avatars. Visual information was provided by the movement of the self-avatars in a VR environment, while somatosensory information was provided by vibrations with asymmetrical amplitudes that gave the participants the sensation of being continuously pushed or pulled without actually moving any body part. Delaying the movement of the avatar by 50 ms resulted in the sensitivity of the force direction perception to be lower with human hands than with non-human avatars, whereas a delay of 200 ms resulted in a higher sensitivity. This study can contribute to applications requiring multisensory integration in a VR environment.
Melanin is a plenteous bioactive phenolic compound in date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.)
Authors: Alam Muneeba Zubair , Ramachandran Tholkappiyan , Antony Asha , Hamed Fathalla , Ayyash Mutamed , Kamal-Eldin Afaf 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDate palm fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.) were found to contain high levels of allomelanin (1.2–5.1%). The melanin is localized in the tanniferous cells between the inner and outer mesocarp tissues of the fruit. The melanin, extracted with 2 M sodium hydroxide, consisted of amorphous graphene-like granular structures of irregular shape and variable size. The date fruit melanin mainly comprises carbon (64.6%) and oxygen (30.6) but no nitrogen, and was thermally stable. It has radical scavenging (63.6–75.1 IC50, µg/mL), antimicrobial (250–1000 µg/mL), hypoglycemic (51.8–58.2%), and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitory (65.8%) effects. The high level of melanin in date fruits highlights the importance of investigating its dietary intake and its impact on nutrition. This study also suggests that date fruit melanin can be a functional ingredient in foods, food packages, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
The gut fungal and bacterial microbiota in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease introduced to treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor-α
Authors: Ventin-Holmberg Rebecka , Höyhtyä Miikka , Saqib Schahzad , Korpela Katri , Nikkonen Anne , Salonen Anne , de Vos Willem M. , Kolho Kaija-Leena 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) is a globally increasing chronic inflammatory disease associated with an imbalanced intestinal microbiota and treated with several treatment options, including anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), such as infliximab (IFX). Up to half of the patients do not respond to the drug and there are no methods for response prediction. Our aim was to predict IFX response from the gut microbiota composition since this is largely unexplored in PIBD. The gut microbiota of 30 PIBD patients receiving IFX was studied by MiSeq sequencing targeting 16S and ITS region from fecal samples collected before IFX and two and six weeks after the start of treatment. The response to IFX induction was determined by fecal calprotectin value < 100 µg/g at week six. The bacterial microbiota differed significantly between response groups, with higher relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria in responders compared to non-responders at baseline, validated by high predictive power (area under curve = 0.892) for baselineRuminococcusand calprotectin. Additionally, non-responders had higher abundance ofCandida, while responders had higher abundance ofSaccharomycesat the end of the study. The gut microbiota composition in PIBD patients could predict response to IFX treatment in the future.
Transcriptome analysis of fasudil treatment in the APPswe/PSEN1dE9 transgenic (APP/PS1) mice model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Yan Hailong , Yan Yuqing , Gao Ye , Zhang Nianping , Kumar Gajendra , Fang Qingli , Li Ziqing , Li Jiehui , Zhang Yuna , Song Lijuan , Wang Jiawei , Sun Jingxian , Zhang Han-Ting , Ma Cun-Gen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of progressive dementia. In the present study, we showed hippocampal tissue transcriptome analysis in APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1, AD model) mice treated with fasudil (ADF) and compared with AD mice treated with saline (ADNS) and wild type mice (WT). The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed and validated the differential expression of mRNA, lncRNA, miRNA, and circRNA. Our study showed differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) between WT and ADNS, while enriched in cell growth and death and nervous system pathways. DEMs between ADNS-ADF were enriched in the nervous system, glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis-keratan sulfate (KS) and Quorum sensing pathways. We validated four genes with RT-PCR, whereas enrichment of Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long Chain Family Member 4 (Acsl4, ENSMUST00000112903) in Quorum sensing pathways, and BTG anti-proliferation factor 1 (Btg1, ENSMUST00000038377) in RNA degradation pathways were conducted. Expression of these two genes were higher in ADNS, but were significantly reduced in ADF. Histone H4 transcription factor (Hinfp, ENSMUST00000216508) orchestrate G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle and co-expressed with mmu-miR-26a-2-3p-mediated ceRNA and mmu-miR-3065-5p-mediated ceRNA; Wnt family member 4 (Wnt4, ENSMUST00000045747) was enriched in mTOR, Hippo and Wnt signaling pathway. Expression of these two genes were significantly lower in ADNS, and fasudil treatment reverse it. The present studies demonstrated four genes: Acsl4, Btg1, Hinfp, Wnt4 could be potential biomarkers of AD and the targets of fasudil treatment. These results will pave a novel direction for future clinic studies for AD and fasudil treatment.
Evaluation of efficiency and sensitivity of 1D and 2D sample pooling strategies for SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR screening purposes
Authors: Verwilt Jasper , Hellemans Jan , Sante Tom , Mestdagh Pieter , Vandesompele Jo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo increase the throughput, lower the cost, and save scarce test reagents, laboratories can pool patient samples before SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR testing. While different sample pooling methods have been proposed and effectively implemented in some laboratories, no systematic and large-scale evaluations exist using real-life quantitative data gathered throughout the different epidemiological stages. Here, we use anonymous data from 9673 positive cases to model, simulate and compare 1D and 2D pooling strategies. We show that the optimal choice of pooling method and pool size is an intricate decision with a testing population-dependent efficiency-sensitivity trade-off and present an online tool to provide the reader with custom real-time 1D pooling strategy recommendations.
The probabilistic pool punishment proportional to the difference of payoff outperforms previous pool and peer punishment
Authors: Ohdaira Tetsushi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe public goods game is a multiplayer version of the prisoner’s dilemma game. In the public goods game, punishment on defectors is necessary to encourage cooperation. There are two types of punishment: peer punishment and pool punishment. Comparing pool punishment with peer punishment, pool punishment is disadvantageous in comparison with peer punishment because pool punishment incurs fixed costs especially if second-order free riders (those who invest in public goods but do not punish defectors) are not punished. In order to eliminate such a flaw of pool punishment, this study proposes the probabilistic pool punishment proportional to the difference of payoff. In the proposed pool punishment, each punisher pays the cost to the punishment pool with the probability proportional to the difference of payoff between his/her payoff and the average payoff of his/her opponents. Comparing the proposed pool punishment with previous pool and peer punishment, in pool punishment of previous studies, cooperators who do not punish defectors become dominant instead of pool punishers with fixed costs. However, in the proposed pool punishment, more punishers and less cooperators coexist, and such state is more robust against the invasion of defectors due to mutation than those of previous pool and peer punishment. The average payoff is also comparable to peer punishment of previous studies.
Automated quantitative high-throughput multiplex immunofluorescence pipeline to evaluate OXPHOS defects in formalin-fixed human prostate tissue
Authors: Sachdeva Ashwin , Hart Claire A. , Carey Christopher D. , Vincent Amy E. , Greaves Laura C. , Heer Rakesh , Oliveira Pedro , Brown Michael D. , Clarke Noel W. , Turnbull Doug M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAdvances in multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) and digital image analysis has enabled simultaneous assessment of protein defects in electron transport chain components. However, current manual methodology is time consuming and labour intensive. Therefore, we developed an automated high-throughput mIF workflow for quantitative single-cell level assessment of formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue (FFPE), leveraging tyramide signal amplification on a Ventana Ultra platform coupled with automated multispectral imaging on a Vectra 3 platform. Utilising this protocol, we assessed the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) protein alterations in a cohort of benign and malignant prostate samples. Mitochondrial OXPHOS plays a critical role in cell metabolism, and OXPHOS perturbation is implicated in carcinogenesis. Marked inter-patient, intra-patient and spatial cellular heterogeneity in OXPHOS protein abundance was observed. We noted frequent Complex IV loss in benign prostate tissue and Complex I loss in age matched prostate cancer tissues. Malignant regions within prostate cancer samples more frequently contained cells with low Complex I & IV and high mitochondrial mass in comparison to benign–adjacent regions. This methodology can now be applied more widely to study the frequency and distribution of OXPHOS alterations in formalin-fixed tissues, and their impact on long-term clinical outcomes.
Mortality and readmission rates of patients discharged in-hours and out-of-hours from a British ICU over a 3-year period
Authors: Cumberworth Julian , Chequers Mandy , Bremner Stephen , Boyd Owen , Philips Barbara 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExcess in-hospital mortality following out-of-hours ICU discharge has been reported worldwide. From preliminary data, we observed that magnitude of difference may be reduced when patients discharged for end-of-life care or organ donation are excluded. We speculated that these patients may be disproportionately discharged out-of-hours, biasing results. We now compare in-hospital mortality and ICU readmission rates following discharge in-hours and out-of-hours over 3 years, excluding discharges for organ donation or end-of-life care. This single-centre retrospective study includes patients discharged alive following ICU admission between 01/07/2015–31/07/2018, excluding readmissions and discharges for end-of-life care/organ donation. A multiple logistic regression model was fitted to estimate adjusted odds ratio of death following out-of-hours versus in-hours discharge. Characteristics and outcomes for both groups were compared. 4678 patients were included. Patients discharged out-of-hours were older (62 vs 59 years, p < 0.001), with greater APACHE II scores (15.7 vs 14.4, p < 0.001), length of ICU stay (3.25 vs 3.00 days, p = 0.01) and delays to ICU discharge (736 vs 489 min, p < 0.001). No difference was observed in mortality (4.6% vs 3.7%, p = 0.25) or readmission rate (4.1% vs 4.2%, p = 0.85). In the multiple logistic regression model out-of-hours discharge was not associated with in-hospital mortality (OR = 1.017, 95% CI 0.682–1.518, p = 0.93). Our findings present a possible explanation for reported excess mortality following out-of-hours ICU discharge, related to inclusion of organ donation and end-of-life care patients in data sets rather than standards of care delivered out-of-hours. We are not aware of any other studies investigating the influence of this group on reported post-ICU mortality rates.
Silicon mitigates nutritional stress of nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium deficiency in two forages plants
Authors: Araújo William Bruno Silva , Teixeira Gelza Carliane Marques , de Mello Prado Renato , Rocha Antonio Márcio Souza 
Published: April 2022

AbstractForages are one of the most cultivated crops in the world. However, nutritional deficiency is common, specifically in N, P, and Ca in many forage-growing regions. Silicon (Si) can attenuate the stress caused by nutritional deficiency, but studies on Si supply’s effects on forage plants are still scarce. This research was carried out to evaluate whether the Si supply can mitigate the effects of N, P, and Ca deficiencies of two forages and the physiological and nutritional mechanisms involved. Two experiments were carried out with two forage species (Urochloa brizanthacv. Marandu andMegathyrsus maximumcv. Massai). We used nutrient solution under balanced nutrition conditions and nutritional stress due to the lack of N, P, and Ca combined with the −Si and +Si. The deficiencies of N, P, and Ca in both forages’ cultivation caused damage to physiological and nutritional variables, decreasing the plant dry matter. However, in both forage species, the Si addition to the nutrient solution decreased the extravasation of cellular electrolytes and increased the content of phenolic compounds, the green colour index, the quantum efficiency of photosystem II, the efficiencies of use of N, P and Ca and the production of shoot dry matter. The beneficial effects of Si were evidenced in stressed and non-stressed plants. The research emphasised the advantage of using Si to growU. brizanthaandM. maximumunder N, P, and Ca deficiency, contributing to their sustainable cultivation.
Numerical learning of deep features from drug-exposed cell images to calculate IC50 without staining
Authors: Cho Kookrae , Choi Eun-Sook , Kim Jung-Hee , Son Jong-Wuk , Kim Eunjoo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo facilitate rapid determination of cellular viability caused by the inhibitory effect of drugs, numerical deep learning algorithms was used for unlabeled cell culture images captured by a light microscope as input. In this study, A549, HEK293, and NCI-H1975 cells were cultured, each of which have different molecular shapes and levels of drug responsiveness to doxorubicin (DOX). The microscopic images of these cells following exposure to various concentrations of DOX were trained with the measured value of cell viability using a colorimetric cell proliferation assay. Convolutional neural network (CNN) models for the study cells were constructed using augmented image data; the predicted cell viability using CNN models was compared to the cell viability measured by colorimetric assay. The linear relationship coefficient (r2) between measured and predicted cell viability was determined as 0.94–0.95 for the three cell types. In addition, the measured and predicted IC50 values were not statistically different. When drug responsiveness was estimated using allogenic models that were trained with a different cell type, the correlation coefficient decreased to 0.004085–0.8643. Our models could be applied to label-free cells to conduct rapid and large-scale tests while minimizing cost and labor, such as high-throughput screening for drug responsiveness.
Surgical Apgar Score and Controlling Nutritional Status Score are significant predictors of major complications after cervical spine surgery
Authors: Miura Kousei , Koda Masao , Funayama Toru , Takahashi Hiroshi , Noguchi Hiroshi , Mataki Kentaro , Shibao Yosuke , Sato Kosuke , Eto Fumihiko , Kono Mamoru , Asada Tomoyuki , Yamazaki Masashi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNutritional screening scores, including Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) Score and Surgical Apgar Score (SAS), which reflect intraoperative hemodynamics, have been reported to be useful for predicting major postoperative complications in various kinds of surgery. We assessed independent risk factors for major complications after cervical spine surgery using those scoring measurements. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients who underwent cervical spine surgery at our institution from 2014 to 2019. Baseline clinical information, including the CONUT Score, and surgical factors, including the SAS, were assessed as risk factors for major postoperative complications. We analyzed 261 patients. Major postoperative complications occurred in 40 cases (15.3%). In the multivariate analysis, SAS (odds ratio [OR], 0.42; P < 0.01), CONUT (OR, 1.39; P < 0.01), and operative time (OR, 1.42; P < 0.01) were significant independent risk factors of major complications. The area under the SAS curve was 0.852 in the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Postoperative hospitalization duration was significantly longer in major complications group. Evaluating preoperative nutritional condition and intraoperative hemodynamics with CONUT score and SAS was useful for predicting major postoperative complications of cervical spine surgery. In addition, both scoring measurements are easily calculated, objective evaluations. Perioperative management utilizing those scoring measurements may help prevent them.
Allelopathic effects of sesame extracts on seed germination of moso bamboo and identification of potential allelochemicals
Authors: Zhao Jiancheng , Yang Zhenya , Zou Jingquan , Li Qin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to investigate the allelopathic effects of sesame extracts of on seed germination of moso bamboo, and to isolate and identify the potential allelochemicals. A factorial design with three organs (root, stem and leaf) and five concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg mL−1) was carried out. Seeds of moso bamboo were soaked in sesame extracts to investigate their germination and growth. The allelochemicals were isolated and identified using the high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) system. The germination indices of the same organ decreased with the increase of extract concentrations, while the mean germination time increased, picking at the concentration of 100 mg mL−1. The radicle length and plumule length decreased, while the ratio of radicle length to plumule length increased. The allelopathy inhibition effect increased with the increase of extract concentrations, and it was significantly higher at the concentration of 100 mg mL−1 than that of 25 mg mL−1. The synthesis effect increased with the increase of extract concentrations, and it was significantly higher in leaf than root and stem. Chemical analyses identified 9 allelochemicals species (mostly phenolics and alkaloids) in the aqueous extracts. These results indicated that aqueous extracts of sesame caused the delay in seed germination and growth of moso bamboo, and phenolics and alkaloids in the aqueous extracts maybe the major reasons for the observed inhibition effects of sesame.
Transport evidence for decoupled nematic and magnetic criticality in iron chalcogenides
Authors: Ayres Jake , Čulo Matija , Buhot Jonathan , Bernáth Bence , Kasahara Shigeru , Matsuda Yuji , Shibauchi Takasada , Carrington Antony , Friedemann Sven , Hussey Nigel E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractElectronic nematicity in correlated metals often occurs alongside another instability such as magnetism. The question thus remains whether nematicity alone can drive unconventional superconductivity or anomalous (quantum critical) transport in such systems. In FeSe, nematicity emerges in isolation, providing a unique opportunity to address this question. Studies to date, however, have proved inconclusive; while signatures of nematic criticality are observed upon sulfur substitution, they appear to be quenched by the emergent magnetism under the application of pressure. Here, we study the temperature and pressure dependence of the low-temperature resistivity of FeSe1-xSx crystals at x values beyond the nematic quantum critical point. Two distinct components to the resistivity are revealed; one that is suppressed with increasing pressure and one that grows upon approaching the magnetic state at higher pressures. These findings hint that nematic and magnetic critical fluctuations in FeSe1-xSx are completely decoupled, in marked contrast to other Fe-based superconductors.
Shear band formation during nanoindentation of EuB6 rare-earth hexaboride
Authors: Karre Rajamallu , Shen Yidi , Song Shuangxi , Hu Yixuan , Lahkar Simanta , Wang Xiaodong , An Qi , Reddy Kolan Madhav 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResearch on rare-earth hexaborides mainly focuses on tuning their electronic structure from insulating-to-metallic states during high pressure experiments. However, the structural evolution that contributes to their mechanical failure is not well understood. Here, we examine the pressure-induced structural evolution of a model rare-earth hexaboride, EuB6, during nanoindentation. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that nanoscale amorphous shear bands, mediated by dislocations, play a decisive role in deformation failure. Density functional theory calculations confirm that amorphous bands evolve by breaking boron-boron bonds within B6 octahedra during shear deformation. Our results underscore an important damage mechanism in hard and fragile hexaborides at high shear pressures.
“Knowledge Without Action Means Nothing”: Stakeholder Insights on the Behaviors That Constitute Positive Change for Adults Who Stutter
Authors: Rodgers Naomi H. , Gerlach-Houck Hope 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to document the behaviors that adults who stutter (AWS) may engage in to make positive changes to living with stuttering.

Method:
We interviewed 23 key stakeholders, including 11 AWS and 12 speech-language pathologists who specialize in stuttering therapy. The semi-structured interviews began with the primary question, “If an adult who stutters was making positive changes to living with stuttering, what would they be doing?” Follow-up probing questions focused the interviews on identifying actionable behaviors that would suggest positive changes. The interviews were transcribed and qualitatively analyzed using applied and reflexive thematic analyses to develop multilevel themes.

Results:
Meaningful units extracted from the interviews contributed to three high-order global themes: (a) noticing and adjusting physical behaviors involved in speaking, to the extent that it is personally important to do so; (b) developing neutral or positive thoughts and feelings about stuttering; and (c) participating more fully in social and professional activities, even if the person stutters or thinks they might stutter. We developed 35 low-order basic themes, which we grouped into 11 mid-order organizing themes, to richly illustrate the three global themes.

Conclusions:
These findings extend the ongoing discussion regarding best practices for therapy targets in stuttering intervention. We identified measurable, multidimensional actions that clinicians can integrate in their therapy plans with AWS. While these actions represent a holistic approach to making positive changes, it grants clients and clinicians space to develop individualized intentions and outcomes.