bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative effects of two humic substances on microbial dysbiosis in the rhizosphere soil where cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is grown
Authors: Jiang Nan , Wu Meng , Li Guilong , Li Pengfa , Liu Ming , Li Zhongpei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe extraction of humic substances from weathered coal and peat has been regarded as an effective way to utilize these wastes. However, the effects of humic acid (HA) and sodium humate (HN) (derived from weathered coal and peat, respectively) on soil microbial dysbiosis remain elusive. By virtue of Illumina sequencing and FUNGuild, we investigated the interrelationships between soil microbial communities and potential phytopathogenic fungi, found that merely HA surprisingly (p < 0.05) reduced the relative richness of potential phytopathogenic fungi in contrast to the controls. The relative abundances of potential pathogenic fungi, fungal community structures, network degrees, and the average degrees of potential pathogenic fungi were recognized as the crucial factors for the determination of cucumbers' aboveground biomasses via Random Forest classification. In addition, the aboveground biomasses were significantly (p < 0.05) and negatively related to the relative richness of potential pathogenic fungi. Among the 28 operational taxonomic units (OTU) that played the most important roles in determining the relative abundance of potential phytopathogenic fungi, 3 OTU belonging to the Penicillium and Nocardioides genera were significantly (p < 0.05) more abundant in the HA treatment. Therefore, it was obvious that HA facilitated the growth of beneficial microbes and increased the microbial network complexity, subsequently decreasing the relative abundance of phytopathogenic fungi and consequently increasing cucumbers' aboveground biomasses. The present research not only highlighted the differences between humic substances originating from weathered coal and peat but also indicated the significance of humic substances in regulating microbial communities, suppressing potential phytopathogenic fungi and facilitating cucumber growth.
No Effect of Isolated Anthocyanins from Bilberry Fruit and Black Rice on LDL Cholesterol or other Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults with Elevated Cholesterol: A Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled, Cross‐Over Trial
Authors: Aboufarrag Hassan , Hollands Wendy J. , Percival Jasmine , Philo Mark , Savva George M. , Kroon Paul A. 
Published: April 2022

ScopeSome dietary interventions with berry fruits, berry fruit extracts, and purified anthocyanins have been reported to beneficially alter lipoprotein profiles in hyperlipidemic participants. The major anthocyanins in human diets are glycosides of cyanidin and delphinidin, and structure can influence both absorption and bioactivity. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of two major types of anthocyanins on low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and other cardiometabolic markers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in hyperlipidemic individuals.Methods and resultsFifty‐two hyperlipidemic participants complete this randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, three arm crossover trial. Participants ingest capsules containing 320 mg of anthocyanins (bilberry trihydroxy‐type or black rice dihydroxy‐type) or placebo once daily for 28 days. Biomarkers of CVD risk are measured before and after the intervention period. Compared to the placebo, neither anthocyanin treatment significantly (p < 0.05) changes circulating levels of lipoproteins (total‐/high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐/low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol, triglycerides, Apolipoprotein B (ApoB)), biomarkers of glycemic control (fasting glucose, fructosamine), biomarkers of HDL function (ApoA1, HDL3, paraoxonase‐1 (PON1) arylesterase, and lactonase activities), or plasma bile acids.ConclusionsThese data do not support the notion that regular consumption of anthocyanins beneficially affects glycemic control or lipoprotein profiles or functions. It is possible the no effect observation is due to the relatively short duration of treatments.
Experimental study on the durability of polymer‐impregnated basalt textile applied as concrete reinforcement
Authors: Zhang Xiaofei , Wang Xin , Liang Xunmei , Zhao Chunfeng , Wu Zhishen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an experimental study on the durability of polymer‐impregnated basalt textile considering the effects of impregnation material, corrosion temperature, and corrosion solution. The variations in tensile strength, elastic modulus, surface condition, and failure mode were examined. Furthermore, a prediction model for the tensile strength degradation of basalt textiles was proposed. The experimental results showed that the tensile strength degradation of the textile was significantly influenced by the impregnation materials. The epoxy resin/acrylic emulsion‐impregnated textiles had superior durability to the styrene‐butadiene latex/vinyl resin‐impregnated textiles. As the temperature increased, the tensile strength decreased, whereas the variation in the elastic modulus was insignificant. In addition, the tensile strength of the weft textile degraded slightly faster than that of the warp textile owing to the larger contact area with the corrosion solution for the former. The saline–alkaline solution was more aggressive than the alkaline solution for the impregnated textiles owing to the corrosion caused by the combination of alkaline hydroxide ions and salt chloride ions in the former. The proposed model to predict the strength degradation considering both the aging time and temperature effect is in good agreement with the experimental results, which can be used to predict the long‐term strength of basalt textiles used as concrete reinforcement in real engineering applications.
Identifying the helpfulness of school climate: Skipping school, cheating on tests, and elements of school climate
Authors: Kupchik Aaron , Highberger James , Bear George 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrior research demonstrates the importance of school climate in shaping student behavior but tells us less about which aspects of school climate matter. In this paper we consider how distinct elements of school climate relate to skipping school and cheating on tests. Using survey and administrative data from several statewide Delaware sources, we perform a series of random‐intercept logistic regression models. We find that students in schools perceived to have a climate with high levels of structure and support are less likely to report cheating on tests. Yet we do not find a robust relationship between most climate measures and skipping school. School climate relates strongly to in‐school deviant behavior but much less to school‐related deviant behavior occurring outside of schools. By specifying what measures of climate do and do not relate to problematic student behaviors, our results sharpen our understandings of how school climate shapes student behaviors.
Mediating effect of resilience in the relationship between loneliness and life satisfaction during COVID‐19: A cross‐country study of Thai and Chinese college students
Authors: Tu Chia‐Ching , Yang Dong , Pan Lei , Dai Xiao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the compensating mediating mechanism of resilience in the relationship between loneliness and life satisfaction in Thai and Chinese college students during a risk period of coronavirus disease 2019 transmission. A total of 262 Thai and 247 Chinese college students were enrolled in the study between December 2020 and January 2021. A measurement model was constructed with the items of loneliness, resilience, and life satisfaction by using structural equation models. Subsequently, structural mediating models were constructed according to the valid items and a multigroup comparison was performed. The relationship between loneliness and life satisfaction differed significantly between Thai and Chinese college students as a result of the mediating effect of resilience. Resilience in Thai college students partly compensated for the negative influence of loneliness on life satisfaction, and resilience in Chinese college students compensated completely for the negative influence of loneliness on life satisfaction.
Mentoring across differences in science education: Applying a brokering framework
Authors: Haverly Christa , Brown Bryan A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMentoring relationships in academia have traditionally been described as a dyad between a mentor and a mentee. The mentor provides the mentee with both technical and psychosocial support to move toward obtaining their Ph.D. or gaining tenure and promotion. While there is an embedded assumption that mentoring is best suited when people of common background support each other, scholars must consider the impact of mentoring across differences. Given the lack of diversity among senior faculty members in science education, and given the increasing diversity represented among graduate students and early career scholars in science education, inevitably mentoring relationships will be formed across differences in identities (race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, ability). In our essay, we focus on two focal points: we explore those aspects of mentoring relationships that research suggests are critical to the success of relationships built across differences, foregrounding lessons science education researchers can take from this literature and arguing that it is too much to expect one individual mentor to provide to any given mentee. Next, we propose a brokering framework, leveraging technological advances, to work toward more transformative mentoring outcomes at scale, particularly when mentoring across differences.
Lectotypification of the Linnaean plant name Durio zibethinus (Malvaceae), based on Rumphius's illustration
Authors: Ganesan S.K. , Neo Louise 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe typification of the name of an iconic Southeast Asian fruit, Durio zibethinus, is discussed. Based on consultation of Linnaeus's original material, an illustration from Rumphius's Herbarium Amboinense is designated as the lectotype.
Autonomy in the Digital Wilds: Agency, Competence, and Self‐efficacy in the Development ofL2Digital Identities
Authors: Han Yiting , Reinhardt Jonathon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe termdigital wildshas come to refer to the non‐formal online spaces in and through which additional language (L2) learner‐users, using a multifarious array of tools, platforms, and services, autonomously navigate personal learning trajectories (Sauro & Zourou, 2019), developing L2 digital literacies‐mediated identities needed in life‐wide settings. This article examined how three successful, autonomous English L2 learner‐users critically and creatively engaged in L2 digital literacy practices, ranging from navigating social media and the Internet to ‘reprodusing’ (Reinhardt & Thorne, 2019) content on video‐sharing sites. This article focuses on (1) the development of digital learner autonomy in successful English L2 learners and (2) the entanglement of L2 digital literacy practices, identities, and livelihoods. The analysis shows that agency, competence, and self‐efficacy played key roles in autonomy development, which was inextricably intertwined with emergent identities and realized through the practice of digital literacies. The findings shed light on the potential role of language educators in leveraging activity in the digital wilds for formal learning purposes.
Dynamics of Complex Singularities of Nonlinear PDEs
Authors: Weideman J. A. C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSolutions to nonlinear evolution equations exhibit a wide range of interesting phenomena such as shocks, solitons, recurrence, and blow-up. As an aid to understanding some of these features, the solutions can be viewed as analytic functions of a complex space variable. The dynamics of poles and branch point singularities in the complex plane can often be associated with the aforementioned features of the solution. Some of the computational and analytical results in this area are surveyed here. This includes a first attempt at computing the poles in the famous Zabusky–Kruskal experiment that lead to the discovery of the soliton.
Commercially Sustainable Cassava Seed Systems in Africa
Authors: Legg James P. , Diebiru-Ojo Elohor , Eagle David , Friedmann Michael , Kanju Edward , Kapinga Regina , Kumar P. Lava , Lateef Sanni , Magige Stephen , Mtunda Kiddo , Thiele Graham , Yabeja Juma , Nitturkar Hemant 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCassava is an important crop in sub-Saharan Africa for food security, income generation, and industrial development. Business-oriented production systems require reliable supplies of high-quality seed. Major initiatives in Nigeria and Tanzania have sought to establish sustainable cassava seed systems. These include the deployment of new technologies for early generation seed (EGS) production; the promotion of new high-yielding and disease-resistant varieties; the updating of government seed policy to facilitate enabling certification guidelines; the application of ICT tools, Seed Tracker and Nuru AI, to simplify seed system management; and the establishment of networks of cassava seed entrepreneurs (CSEs). CSEs have been able to make profits in both Nigeria (US$ 551–988/ha) and Tanzania (US$ 1,000 1,500/ha). In Nigeria, the critical demand driver for cassava seed businesses is the provision of new varieties. Contrastingly, in Tanzania, high incidences of cassava brown streak disease mean that there is a strong demand for the provision of healthy seed that has been certified by regulators. These models for sustainable cassava seed system development offer great promise for scaling to other cassava-producing countries in Africa where there is strong government support for the commercialization of the cassava sector.
Monitoring Network Flows in Containerized Environments
Authors: Repetto Matteo , Carrega Alessandro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith the progressive implementation of digital services over virtualized infrastructures and smart devices, the inspection of network traffic becomes more challenging than ever, because of the difficulty to run legacy cybersecurity tools in novel cloud models and computing paradigms. The main issues concern i) the portability of the service across heterogeneous public and private infrastructures, that usually lack hardware and software acceleration for efficient packet processing, and ii) the difficulty to integrate monolithic appliances in modular and agile containerized environments.In this Chapter, we investigate the usage of the extended Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF) for effective and efficient packet inspection in virtualized environments. Our preliminary implementation demonstrates that we can achieve the same performance as well-known packet inspection tools, but with far less resource consumption. This motivates further research work to extend the capability of our framework and to integrate it in Kubernetes.
Detecting Unknown Cyber Security Attacks Through System Behavior Analysis
Authors: Skopik Florian , Wurzenberger Markus , Landauer Max 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor many years signature-based intrusion detection has been applied to discover known malware and attack vectors. However, with the advent of malware toolboxes, obfuscation techniques and the rapid discovery of new vulnerabilities, novel approaches for intrusion detection are required. System behavior analysis is a cornerstone to recognizing adversarial actions on endpoints in computer networks that are not known in advance. Logs are incrementally produced textual data that reflect events and their impact on technical systems. Their efficient analysis is key for operational cyber security. We investigate approaches beyond applying simple regular expressions, and provide insights into novel machine learning mechanisms for parsing and analyzing log data for online anomaly detection. The AMiner is an open source implementation of a pipeline that implements many machine learning algorithms that are feasible for deeper analysis of system behavior, recognizing deviations from learned models and thus spotting a wide variety of even unknown attacks.
Rebooting quarter-BPS operators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 super Yang-Mills
Authors: Bissi Agnese , Fardelli Giulia , Manenti Andrea 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We start a systematic study of quarter-BPS operators in four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 Super Yang-Mills with gauge group SU(N) making use of recently developed tools in conformal field theory. We adapt the technology of embedding space tensor structures in four dimensions to the problem of computing R-symmetry tensor structures, and we use the underlying chiral algebra to obtain the superconformal Ward identities. This allows us to fix the protected part of the four-point correlators, up to few ambiguities. As applications, we use the Lorentzian inversion formula to study the leading order OPE data in the large N supergravity limit and we make contact with the OPE limit of the five-point function of half-BPS operators.
Constraints on dark matter annihilation from the Event Horizon Telescope observations of M87*
Authors: Yuan Guan-Wen , Chen Zhan-Fang , Shen Zhao-Qiang , Guo Wen-Qing , Ding Ran , Huang Xiaoyuan , Yuan Qiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The fast developments of radio astronomy open a new window to explore the properties of Dark Matter (DM). The recent direct imaging of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) at the center of M87 radio galaxy by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration is expected to be very useful to search for possible new physics. In this work, we illustrate that such results can be used to detect the possible synchrotron radiation signature produced by DM annihilation from the innermost region of the SMBH. Assuming the existence of a spike DM density profile, we obtain the flux density due to DM annihilation induced electrons and positrons, and derive new limits on the DM annihilation cross section via the comparison with the EHT integral flux density at 230 GHz. Our results show that the parameter space can be probed by the EHT observations is largely complementary to other experiments. For DM with typical mass regions of being weakly interacting massive particles, the annihilation cross section several orders of magnitude below the thermal production level can be excluded by the EHT observations under the density spike assumption. Future EHT observations may further improve the sensitivity on the DM searches, and may also provide a unique opportunity to test the interplay between DM and the SMBH.
The large N limit of icMERA and holography
Authors: Fernández-Melgarejo José J. , Molina-Vilaplana Javier 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this work, we compute the entanglement entropy in continuous icMERA tensor networks for large N models at strong coupling. Our results show that the 1/N quantum corrections to the Fisher information metric (interpreted as a local bond dimension of the tensor network) in an icMERA circuit, are related to quantum corrections to the minimal area surface in the Ryu-Takayanagi formula. Upon picking two different non-Gaussian entanglers to build the icMERA circuit, the results for the entanglement entropy only differ at subleading orders in 1/GN, i.e., at the structure of the quantum corrections in the bulk. The fact that the large N part of the entropy can be always related to the leading area term of the holographic calculation is very suggestive. These results, constitute the first tensor network calculations at large N and strong coupling simultaneously, pushing the field of tensor network descriptions of the emergence of dual spacetime geometries from the structure of entanglement in quantum field theory.
Beruflich erworbene SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen bei medizinischem Personal in Frankfurt am Main von März bis August 2020
Authors: Sundberg Anton , Gottschalk René , Wicker Sabine 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Eine standardisierte Erhebung von COVID-19-Infektionen bei Gesundheitspersonal während der laufenden Pandemie war und ist nicht gegeben. Vor allem der Anteil von arbeitsbedingten Infektionen beim Gesundheitspersonal und die Frage, welche Arbeitnehmer/-innen darunter am meisten gefährdet sind, bleiben unklar.

Ziel
Ziel dieser Studie war es, die gemeldeten COVID-19-Fälle beim Gesundheitspersonal in Frankfurt/Main in den ersten 6 Monaten der Pandemie zu analysieren, die Zahl der arbeitsbedingten Infektionen zu ermitteln und somit eine bessere Interpretation der durch das Robert Koch-Institut veröffentlichten Daten zu ermöglichen.

Methoden
Die Daten des Gesundheitsamts Frankfurt/Main wurden für den Zeitraum vom 01.03. bis zum 31.08.2020 betrachtet und medizinisches Personal für eine Querschnittserhebung im Rahmen einer Umfrage rekrutiert. Drei Subgruppen wurden nach Ort des Infektionskontakts, am Arbeitsplatz, im Privaten und unbekannt, unterteilt und analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Medizinisches Personal machte 11,8 % (319/2700) aller gemeldeten COVID-19-Fälle in Frankfurt/Main im untersuchten Zeitraum aus. In der Umfrage gaben 47,2 % der Befragten an, dass ihre Infektion am Arbeitsplatz erworben wurde. Es zeigte sich eine Assoziation von Kontakt zu COVID-19-Patient/-innen sowie der Beschäftigung auf einer internistischen Station und einer arbeitsbedingten Infektion. Ersichtlich wurde außerdem ein Zusammenhang zwischen mutmaßlichen Infektionen am Arbeitsplatz und folglich gestellten Verdachtsanzeigen auf Berufskrankheit.

Diskussion und Fazit
Gesundheitsämter sind in der Lage, relevante Daten von arbeitsbedingten Transmissionen in Berufen und Arbeitsplätzen im Gesundheitswesen zu erheben, und sollten standardisierte Daten zu infiziertem Gesundheitspersonal generieren. Diese Daten sind notwendig, um gezielte Maßnahmen der Infektionsprävention zu ergreifen, die Gesundheitspersonal und ihre Patient/-innen schützen.
Clinical perspectives on the age-related increase of immunosuppressive activity
Authors: Salminen Antero 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aging process is associated with a remodeling of the immune system involving chronic low-grade inflammation and a gradual decline in the function of the immune system. These processes are also called inflammaging and immunosenescence. The age-related immune remodeling is associated with many clinical changes, e.g., risk for cancers and chronic infections increases, whereas the efficiency of vaccination and immunotherapy declines with aging. On the other hand, there is convincing evidence that chronic inflammatory states promote the premature aging process. The inflammation associated with aging or chronic inflammatory conditions stimulates a counteracting immunosuppression which protects tissues from excessive inflammatory injuries but promotes immunosenescence. Immunosuppression is a driving force in tumors and chronic infections and it also induces the tolerance to vaccination and immunotherapies. Immunosuppressive cells, e.g., myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), regulatory T cells (Treg), and type M2 macrophages, have a crucial role in tumorigenesis and chronic infections as well as in the tolerance to vaccination and immunotherapies. Interestingly, there is substantial evidence that inflammaging is also associated with an increased immunosuppressive activity, e.g., upregulation of immunosuppressive cells and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Given that both the aging and chronic inflammatory states involve the activation of immunosuppression and immunosenescence, this might explain why aging is a risk factor for tumorigenesis and chronic inflammatory states and conversely, chronic inflammatory insults promote the premature aging process in humans.