bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Preferred Learning Styles Among the Undergraduate Dental Students at Foundation University College of Dentistry, Islamabad
Authors: Nasir Falahat , Faiza Gulfam  , Ali Ayub  , Zainab Abdullah  , Salwan Ghani  , Hidayat Ullah  
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the preferred learning styles of undergraduate dental students at the Foundation University College of Dentistry, Islamabad.
Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted at Foundation University College of Dentistry, Islamabad in January 2020 over a period of 2 weeks. On the basis of VARK questionnaire, learning styles of first to final year undergraduate dental students were analysed. The questionnaire consisted of 16 items and identified four different learning styles: visual, aural, reading/writing and kinaesthetic. A total of 132 students were included in this study. The filled out questionnaires were scored according to the VARK tool and then statistically analysed to determine the distribution of different learning styles among students.
Results: A total of 126 students out of 132 responded with the response rate of 95.5%. The results showed that the frequency of a single learning style (unimodal) in the study population was 63.5% while the frequency of a combination of different learning styles (multimodal) was 36.5%. The frequencies of bimodal, trimodal and quadmodal learning styles were 26.1%, 6.9% and 3.5% respectively. Among the unimodal learning style kinaesthetic topped the list with a frequency of 27.9% while among theÂ bimodal learning styles auro-kinaesthetic was more frequent accounting for 10.9%.
Conclusion: The predominant learning style in our study population was unimodal and had a frequency of 63.5% with kinaesthetic being the chief preference making a major chunk of 27.9% followed by aural learners making up to 20.4%. In bimodal learning styles the most frequent in our study population was auro-kinaesthetic with a frequency of 10.9%.
Efficacy and Duration of Trunk-Injected Imidacloprid in the Management of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges tsugae)
Authors: Doccola Joseph J. , Bristol Eric J. , Sifleet Samantha D. , Lojko Joseph , Wild Peter M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) (HWA) is an introduced piercing, sucking insect that affects hemlocks (Tsugaspp.)by extracting carbohydrates from the xylem ray parenchyma cells. Left untreated, HWA will result in reduced shoot growth, branch dieback, and ultimately tree death. In this study, the insecticide IMA-jet (5% imidacloprid w/w) was applied by trunk microinjection with the Arborjet Tree I.V. using the VIPER method. Sixteen randomly selected HWA-infested hemlocks were treated in 2002 and 2003 and eight trees were selected as untreated controls. Eight infested branch samples per tree were cut each year (2003, 2004, and 2005) and assessed. Four parameters were used to assess the efficacy and duration of treatments. These were percent HWA mortality, total and live HWA per linear centimeter shoot growth, and current-year shoot growth. The eastern hemlock (T. canadensis) in this study had high initial HWA pressure. In the 3 years of the study, winter low temperatures were insufficient to cause an appreciable or sustainable reduction in infestation levels. In the controls, HWA increased and hemlock growth decreased. Treatment with stem-injected imidacloprid did not provide a quick knockdown of the HWA; rather, it required time (i.e., at least 1 year). In the year after a second treatment, we observed sufficiently high HWA mortality for hemlock to resume growth. We have a high degree of confidence that a repeat treatment increased the levels of imidacloprid for the duration of efficacy observed. We recommend a 2× dosage (e.g., for trees in the 30 to 59 cm [12 to 23.6 in] size class, increase from 0.08 g A.I. to 0.16 gm A.I./cm trunk diameter at breast height [dbh]) for an increased level of efficacy to extend the injection interval (to once every 2 years) and to limit the number of wounds a tree receives to centimeters dbh/5 (dbh in/2). The new rate recommendations are reflected on the IMA-jet label amended in 2006. These results demonstrate that hemlock with high HWA pressure can be successfully treated using IMA-jet and the Arborjet Tree I.V. system.
An Evaluation of Bur Oak (Quercus macrocarpa) Decline in the Urban Forest of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Catton H.A. , George S. St. , Remphrey W.R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWinnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, has a large, indigenous population of bur oak (Quercus macrocarpaMichx.). In the 1980s, many of these trees were showing signs of decline, a disease caused by a complex of abiotic and secondary biotic stressing agents. Potential causal factors were investigated by comparing various aspects of 120 bur oaks visually rated as healthy or declined based on crown dieback levels. The results indicated that many selected bur oak trees predated surrounding urban development and that declined trees were significantly older with more severe stem wounds and competition from surrounding trees than healthy specimens. Average annual growth ring widths of healthy and declined trees were similar in the early part of the 20th century. However, decline actually began decades before symptoms were noticed, coinciding with a period of intense city-wide urban development, as growth of declined trees was slower than that of healthy trees beginning sporadically in the 1940s and consistently from 1974 to 2001. During the early years of decline, the year-by-year separation in ring width between the two categories was significantly positively related to precipitation levels. This suggested that in wet years, declined trees may have been surrounded by unfavorable water-logged soils, possibly as a result of natural drainage patterns being impeded by urban development.
Friction Coefficients for Arborist Ropes Passing Through Cambium Saver Rings
Authors: Kane Brian C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFriction is important in tree care operations; climbers encounter friction when ascending into, working in, and descending out of a tree. Twelve commonly used climbing ropes were tested on cambium saver rings made of three different materials to determine rope on ring static and kinetic friction coefficients. All ropes were tested before any field use. In addition, two ropes were tested after they had been used in the field for 2 years and were evaluated to determine the effect of rope wear on friction. Friction coefficients varied among ropes and ring materials, and surface roughness of ring material was the best predictor of friction coefficient. Used ropes exhibited higher friction coefficients than new ropes and, in most cases, superseded the influence of surface roughness of cambium saver rings. Simple physical models were developed to illustrate how friction coefficients can affect different aspects of tree climbing. There are important implications of these results for further studies on rope friction as it relates to reducing climber fatigue.
The Potential Economic Impacts of Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis) on Ohio, U.S., Communities
Authors: Sydnor T. Davis , Bumgardner Matthew , Todd Andrew 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA survey of 200 communities with individuals such as urban foresters who have assigned responsibilities for their urban tree resource was conducted to provide baseline data on ash density within Ohio communities. Sixty-seven communities responded, including the five largest cities in Ohio. Data represent 25% of the population of Ohio and 33% of communities surveyed. Losses in landscape value for ash trees within community boundaries were estimated to be between $0.8 (median-based) and $3.4 billion (mean-based) assuming the complete loss of ash resulting from the emerald ash borer (EAB), a recently introduced exotic pest of native ash species in the United States. Tree removal costs would be somewhat smaller and range between $0.7 and $2.9 billion based on reported medians and means, respectively. Tree replacement costs in Ohio communities, including streets, parks, and private properties, would range between $0.3 and $1.3 billion. In aggregate, the total losses for Ohio communities, including ash landscape losses, tree removal and replacements, are estimated to range between $1.8 and $7.6 billion for a single insect pest in a single state. The potential total costs in Ohio are estimated to be between $157,000 and $665,000 per 1000 residents. Communities can use these figures to begin developing contingency plans.
Below-Grade Planting Adversely Affects Survival and Growth of Tree Species from Five Different Families
Authors: Arnold Michael A. , McDonald Garry V. , Bryan Donita L. , Denny Geoffrey C. , Watson W. Todd , Lombardini Leonardo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdverse impacts of planting the root collar or main structural roots below grade on survival and growth were demonstrated for five species of container-grown trees from genetically diverse families. Adverse effects were demonstrated when root collars were located as little as 7.6 cm (3 in) below grade on all taxa tested, but severity of the responses varied among taxa. These responses were confirmed for both seed-propagated species,Fraxinus pennsylvanicaMarsh. (green ash, family Oleaceae Hoffmansegg & Link) andPlatanus occidentalisL. (sycamore, family Platanaceae Dumort.) as well as cutting-propagated taxa,Lagerstroemia indicaL. ×Lagerstroemia faurieiKoehne. ‘Basham’s Party Pink’ (crapemyrtle, family Lythraceae St.-Hilaire),Nerium oleanderL. ‘Cranberry Cooler’ (oleander, family Apocynaceae Juss.), andVitex agnus-castusL. ‘LeCompte’ (vitex, family Verbenaceae St.-Hilaire). In some cases, planting above grade by 7.6 cm (3 in) improved growth of plants over that of those planted either at or below grade. This effect was pronounced with sycamore and oleander.
Desenho do mecanismo para gestão por resultado no sistema socioeducativo: Problema de agente-principal
Authors: Dantas Regis Façanha 
Published: January 2022

Construir um conjunto de instrumentos de gestão em prol de um desempenho eficiente é o objetivo principal desse trabalho. A partir da percepção de problemas de agente-principal, define-se um modelo de política de consequência através do desenho de mecanismo compatível via premiação por resultados através de metas e indicadores estratégicos. Provoca-se com externalidade positiva, a elaboração de um conjunto de ações, operacionais e de gestão, em um mecanismo com informações a priori para tomada de decisão. Destaque-se que a utilização de remuneração variável para realização de metas pré-estabelecidas constitui um avanço na gestão do sistema socioeducativo. A realidade mostra que toda a problemática do sistema socioeducativo requer não apenas aumentos em investimentos, mas de qualidade de gestão. Neste contexto, este trabalho procurou demonstrar um modelo de governança por resultado, verificando cada aspecto dos indicadores estratégicos, com uso de algoritmos matemáticos, além de teorias sobre motivação, remuneração e política de consequência.
Implementasi Kebijakan Nasional Kunjungan Masa Nifas Pada Praktik Mandiri Bidan Hj. Norhidayati Banjarmasin
Authors: Novembriany Yerika Elok 
Published: January 2022

Abstrak

Proses kehamilan dan persalinan adalah proses yang fisiologis yang dialami oleh hampir semua wanita, begitu pula masa nifas. Program nasional masa nifas merupakan salah satu upaya pemerintah untuk melakukan deteksi dini infeksi dan komplikasi yang mungkin terjadi dengan cara melakukan kunjungan sebanyak empat kali selama periode masa nifas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi kebijakan nasional kunjungan nifas di praktik mandiri bidan (PMB) Hj. Norhidayati Metode yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif analitik, menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu nifas yang bersalin di PMB Hj. Norhidayati, Sampel penelitian 53 orang, Teknik pengambilan sampel acsidental. Penelitian dilakukan di PMB Hj. Norhidayati pada bulan Januari –Mei 2021. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Bidan melakukan kunjungan nifas I (6-8 jam PP) dan kunjungan nifas ke II (6 hari PP) kepada semua ibu yang bersalin di PMB Hj. Norhidayati. Kunjungan nifas ke III (2 minggu PP) dilakukan kepada sebagian besar pasien yaitu yaitu sebanyak 48 pasien (90,57%), sedangkan kunjungan nifas ke IV (6 minggu PP) dilakukan kepada 41 orang pasien (77,36%) yang bersalin di PMB Hj. Norhidayati. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Bidan telah mengimplementasikan kebijakan nasional kunjungan masa nifas dengan baik. Namun, terdapat beberapa kendala antara lain keterbatasan waktu dan medan yang sulit ditempuh.
Kata kunci: Bidan, Kebijakan nasional, Kunjungan nifas
Daftar RujukanBahiyatun. 2009. Asuhan Kebidanan Nifas Normal. EGC: Jakarta.Baumali, A. 2009. Pemenuhan Zat Gizi Ibu Nifas dan Budaya Se’l pada Masyarakat Suku Timor Dawan di Kecamatan Molo Selatan Kab upat en Timor Ten gah Selatan. Tesis tidak diterbitkan. Yogyakarta: Prodi Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Gajah Mada.Blaxter, L. Hughter, C. & Thigt, M. 2001. How to Re-Search; Seluk Beluk Melakukan Riset. Edisi Kedua. PT. Indeks Kelompok Gramedia: Jakarta.Campbell, K. 2010. PostPartum Doulas: Motivation and Perceptions of Practice, (online), (http//www. elsevier.com/midw), diakses 1 April 2021Mochtar, R. 2002. Sinopsis Obstetri. EGC: Jakarta.Padminingrum, D., Widiyanti, E. 2005. Da sar- Dasa r K omun ikas i ; (Modul Pembelajaran). UNS: Surakarta. Prawirohardjo, S. 2007. Ilmu Kebidanan. FKUI: Jakarta.Saifudin, A.B. 2002. Buku Panduan Praktis Pelayanan Kesehatan Maternal dan Neonatal. Penerbit Yayasan Bina Pustaka Sarwono Prawirohardjo: Jakarta.Saleha. 2009. Asuhan Kebidanan Pada Masa Nifas. Salemba Medika: Jakarta.Wiknjosastro, H. 2007. Ilmu Kebidanan. Penerbit Yayasan Bina PustakaSarwono Prawirohardjo: Jakarta. Yin, R.K. 2006. Studi Kasus Desain dan Metode. Divisi Buku Perguruan Tinggi. PT Raja Grafindo Persada: Jakarta.
Expression and distribution of EPHA4 and Ephrin A3 in Aohan fine-wool sheep skin
Authors: Cui Yu , Wang Chunliang , Liu Lirong , Liu Nan , He Jianning 
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The objective of this study was to identify the expression and
distribution of EPHA4 and Ephrin A3 genes in the development and morphogenesis of hair
follicles in fine-wool sheep. The results could lay a theoretical basis for
understanding the molecular mechanism that regulates hair follicle
development. The skin of Aohan fine-wool sheep at different developmental
stages (embryonic day 90, E90d, and 120, E120d, and postnatal day 1, B1d,
and 30, B30d) were selected. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to
study the levels of mRNA and proteins, respectively. The RT-qPCR results
showed that the mRNA expression level of EPHA4 at B1d was significantly lower
than at E120d (p<0.01). The expression of Ephrin A3 at E120d was
significantly higher than that at E90d and B1d (p<0.01).
Immunohistochemical detection results showed that the level and localisation
of EPHA4 and Ephrin A3 proteins had spatial and temporal specificity. EPHA4 expression in dermal
papilla cells might be important for inducing Aohan fine-hair follicle
regeneration and for controlling the properties of the hair. Ephrin A3 might play an
important role in the redifferentiation of secondary hair follicles and
might also be involved in the inhibition of apoptosis-related gene
expression in hair follicles. The Ephrin A3 signalling pathway might accelerate the
growth of fine-hair follicles and increase the density of hair follicles.
Using machine learning to predict optimal electromagnetic induction instrument configurations for characterizing the shallow subsurface
Authors: van't Veen Kim Madsen , Ferré Ty Paul Andrew , Iversen Bo Vangsø , Børgesen Christen Duus 
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Electromagnetic induction (EMI) is used widely for hydrological and other environmental studies. The apparent electrical conductivity (ECa), which can be mapped efficiently with EMI, correlates with a variety of important soil attributes. EMI instruments exist with several configurations of coil spacing, orientation, and height. There are general, rule-of-thumb guides to choose an optimal instrument configuration for a specific survey. The goal of this study was to provide a robust and efficient way to design this optimization task. In this investigation, we used machine learning (ML) as an efficient tool for interpolating among the results of many forward model runs. Specifically, we generated an ensemble of 100 000 EMI forward models representing the responses of many EMI configurations to a range of three-layer subsurface models. We split the results into training and testing subsets and trained a decision tree (DT) with gradient boosting (GB) to predict the subsurface properties (layer thicknesses and EC values). We further examined the value of prior knowledge that could limit the ranges of some of the soil model parameters. We made use of the intrinsic feature importance measures of machine learning algorithms to identify optimal EMI designs for specific subsurface parameters. The optimal designs identified using this approach agreed with those that are generally recognized as optimal by informed experts for standard survey goals, giving confidence in the ML-based approach. The approach also offered insight that would be difficult, if not impossible, to offer based on rule-of-thumb optimization. We contend that such ML-informed design approaches could be applied broadly to other survey design challenges.
Nuclear imaging does not have clear added value in patients with low a priori chance of periprosthetic joint infection. A retrospective single-center experience
Authors: Ottink Karsten D. , Gelderman Stefan J. , Wouthuyzen-Bakker Marjan , Ploegmakers Joris J. W. , Glaudemans Andor W. J. M. , Jutte Paul C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Background: A low-grade periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) may present without
specific symptoms, and its diagnosis remains a challenge. Three-phase bone scintigraphy (TPBS) and white blood cell (WBC) scintigraphy are
incorporated into recently introduced diagnostic criteria for PJI, but their exact value in diagnosing low-grade PJI in patients with nonspecific
symptoms remains unclear.
Methods:
In this retrospective study, we evaluated patients with a prosthetic joint
of the hip or knee who underwent TPBS and/or WBC scintigraphy between 2009 and 2016 because of nonspecific symptoms. We reviewed and calculated
diagnostic accuracy of the TPBS and/or WBC scintigraphy to diagnose or
exclude PJI. PJI was defined based on multiple cultures obtained during
revision surgery. In patients who did not undergo revision surgery, PJI was
ruled out by clinical follow-up of at least 2 years absent of clinical signs of infection based on MSIS 2011 criteria.
Results:
A total of 373 patients were evaluated, including 340 TPBSs and 142 WBC scintigraphies. Thirteen patients (3.5 %) were diagnosed with a PJI. TPBS sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) were 71 %, 65 %, 8 % and 98 %, respectively. Thirty-five percent of TPBS showed
increased uptake. Stratification for time intervals between the index
arthroplasty and the onset of symptoms did not alter its diagnostic
accuracy. WBC scintigraphy sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 30 %, 90 %, 25 % and 94 %, respectively.
Conclusion:
Nuclear imaging does not have clear added value in patients with low a
priori chance of periprosthetic joint infection.
Mapping liquid water content in snow at the millimeter scale: an intercomparison of mixed-phase optical property models using hyperspectral imaging and in situ measurements
Authors: Donahue Christopher , Skiles S. McKenzie , Hammonds Kevin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract. It is well understood that the distribution and quantity of liquid water in snow is relevant for snow hydrology and avalanche forecasting, yet detecting and quantifying liquid water in snow remains a challenge from the
micro- to the macro-scale. Using near-infrared (NIR) spectral reflectance
measurements, previous case studies have demonstrated the capability to
retrieve surface liquid water content (LWC) of wet snow by leveraging shifts in the complex refractive index between ice and water. However, different models to represent mixed-phase optical properties have been proposed, including (1) internally mixed ice and water spheres, (2) internally mixed water-coated ice spheres, and (3) externally mixed interstitial ice and water spheres. Here, from within a controlled laboratory environment, we determined the optimal mixed-phase optical property model for simulating wet snow reflectance using a combination of NIR hyperspectral imaging, radiative transfer simulations (Discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer model, DISORT), and an independent dielectric LWC measurement (SLF Snow Sensor). Maps of LWC were produced by finding the lowest residual between measured reflectance and simulated reflectance in spectral libraries, generated for each model with varying LWC and grain size, and assessed against the in situ LWC sensor. Our results show that the externally mixed model performed the best, retrieving LWC with an uncertainty of ∼1 %, while the simultaneously retrieved grain size better represented wet snow relative to the established scaled band area method. Furthermore, the LWC retrieval method was demonstrated in the field by imaging a snowpit sidewall during melt conditions and mapping LWC distribution in unprecedented detail, allowing for visualization of pooling water and flow features.
Ferals, nomads, drifters, gypsies, vagrants, blow-ins, thieves, troublemakers, tricksters and terrorists: creative writing, from creative industries to creative ecologies
Authors: Perry Gaylene 
Published: January 2022

In this paper I consider some issues that I, as a creative writer and academic, find with the concept and current understandings of the term creative industries. The subject of creative industries is not one that has been adequately teased out in relation to creative writing, even though the creative industries model has been a strong force in cultural policy making internationally since the late 1990s. It influences policies that in turn may affect writers, especially those applying for state or national funds to resource their writing, and also writers working within the academy and attempting to gain recognition and funding for creative work there. The issues relating tocreative industries are also particularly pertinent at this time in Australian universities, as the new system of research quality measurement is negotiated, and creative arts scholars, including those in creative writing, struggle to define their work in terms of those negotiations. I will argue that the recent work of Paul Carter looks towards ways in which creative industries may be more inclusive and useful for the creative arts, including creative writing, and suggest that a reclaimed term, creative ecologies, indicates a good way of taking creative industries into the future.