bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical efficacy of Chinese herbs for supplementing qi and activating blood circulation combined with N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Pang Qinglu , Li Guodong , Cao Fang , Liu Haoge , Wei Wan , Jiao Yang 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundChinese herbs for supplementing qi and activating blood circulation (CH) combined with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is widely used for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in China, but there is a lack of literature to evaluate its efficacy and clinical value.PurposeThis study compared CH + NAC with other treatments by network meta-analysis to clarify its clinical value.MethodsCochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, VIP Database, and China Biology Medicine were searched. Outcomes included lung function (DLCO (%), VC (%), FVC (%), FVC (L)), 6-min walking distance (6MWD), score of St George’s respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ), blood gas analysis (PaO2, PaCO2). The data were analyzed by Review Manager 5.4, Stata 12.0 and ADDIS 1.16.5.Results23 studies including 1390 patients (702 in intervention group and 688 in control group) were collected to compare 8 outcome indicators among different treatments involving CH, CH+NAC, CH+PFD, NAC, PFD and PFD+NAC on IPF. Network meta-analysis showed that CH was better than NAC in terms of DLCO (%) (MD = 5.14, 95%CI: 1.01 to 8.68) and 6MWD (MD = 49.17, 95%CI: 25.97 to 71.36) as well as PFD + NAC was better than NAC in terms of FVC (L) (MD = -0.56, 95%CI: -0.83 to -0.31). In rankings results, CH + NAC is the best in terms of FVC (%), SGRQ, PaO2 and PaCO2; CH is the best in terms of DLCO (%), VC (%) and 6MWD; CH + PFD is the best in terms of FVC (L).ConclusionCH related treatments may have advantages in the treatment of IPF and CH + NAC may have clinical application value. However, limited by the quality and quantity of researches included, more rational and scientific randomized controlled trials containing large sample sizes need to be conducted to further verify our conclusions.
Urban Public Transportation Perspective in Meta-Analysis Study
Authors: Sarjana Sri 
Published: March 2022

Urban public transportation is transportation system developed for the public interest that prioritizes the optimal integration of various resources and infrastructure in order to achieve sustainable city that is guided by green technology. The development of urban public transportation through scientific evolution that prioritizes the diversity of knowledge and technology as effort to create environmentally friendly city that is oriented towards sustainable development. Qualitative methods are applied in the analysis of themes studied by developing a meta-analysis. Primary data was obtained from the collection of scientific journals published from 1966 to 2020 as part the analysis of scientific literature. The results of study stated that there was significant increase in the number of papers and number of citations in last twenty years which indicated an improvement in knowledge development. There are several topics that have novelty that were found after an analysis on the theme of urban public transportation includes service quality, public space, transportation engineering, regulation, and bus rapid transit. For this reason, new topics found need to be followed up in further research in line with current technological developments.
Social Efficiency of Entry in a Vertical Structure with Third Degree Price Discrimination
Authors: Chen Junlin , Mukherjee Arijit , Zeng Chenhang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We study social efficiency of entry in the presence of downstream cost asymmetry and upstream price discrimination. We show that entry is excessive when the entrants are highly inefficient, and it is insufficient when either the entrants are efficient or their inefficiency is low. The results are in sharp contrast to the existing literature considering upstream uniform pricing (Cao, H., and L. F. S. Wang. 2020. “Social Efficiency of Entry in a Vertically Related Industry Revisited.” Economics Letters 129. Art. no. 109200), as discriminatory pricing alters the relative strengths of the business-stealing, business-creation and production-(in)efficiency effects.
Wann und wo ist nû?
Authors: Philipowski Katharina , Zeman Sonja 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
What are the narrative functions of the present tense in medieval narrations? In order to address this question, the paper brings together linguistic observations on tense semantics and a literary analysis of ›Wilhalm von Wenden‹ by Ulrich von Etzenbach. It shows that the present tense can refer to three different kinds of ›now‹, i. e. the ›discourse now‹, the ›story now‹, and the ›recipient’s now‹. In all three contexts, the present tense is not used as a narrative tense but rather indicates a speaker’s voice commenting on the events. This leads to the hypothesis that the development of the ›narrative present‹ (as common in modern novels) is based on two requirements: The decoupling between the ›discourse now‹ and the diegetic world as well as the decoupling between the author and the fictional instance of the narrator.
Health Technology Assessment to assess value of biomarkers in the decision-making process
Authors: Ferraro Simona , Biganzoli Elia Mario , Castaldi Silvana , Plebani Mario 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on screening, surveillance, and treatment of several diseases recommend the selective use of biomarkers with central role in clinical decision-making and move towards including patients in this process. To this aim we will clarify the multidisciplinary interactions required to properly measure the cost-effectiveness of biomarkers with regard to the risk-benefit of the patients and how Health Technology Assessment (HTA) approach may assess value of biomarkers integrated within the decision-making process. HTA through the interaction of different skills provides high-quality research information on the effectiveness, costs, and impact of health technologies, including biomarkers. The biostatistical methodology is relevant to HTA but only meta-analysis is covered in depth, whereas proper approaches are needed to estimate the benefit-risk balance ratio. Several biomarkers underwent HTA evaluation and the final reports have pragmatically addressed: 1) a redesign of the screening based on biomarker; 2) a de-implementation/replacement of the test in clinical practice; 3) a selection of biomarkers with potential predictive ability and prognostic value; and 4) a stronger monitoring of the appropriateness of test request. The COVID-19 pandemic has disclosed the need to create a robust and sustainable system to urgently deal with global health concerns and the HTA methodology enables rapid cost-effective implementation of diagnostic tests allowing healthcare providers to make critical patient-management decisions.
Study of plant resources with ethnomedicinal relevance from district Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Authors: Maqsood Tasneem , Munawar Tayyaba , Bibi Yamin , El Askary Ahmad , Gharib Amal F. , Elmissbah Tariq E. , Elesawy Basem H. , Qayyum Abdul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An ethnomedicinal expedition was conducted to collect and record indigenous knowledge about the use of medicinal plants by local inhabitants of four villages (Chittra, Topi, Pandi, and Kalri) of district Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Ethnomedicinal data were obtained from 60 randomly selected local inhabitants of the study area through semi-structured questionnaires and interviews. These data were analyzed quantitatively through different ethnobotanical indices including family importance value, relative frequency of citation, use value (UV), fidelity level (FL), informant consensus factor (ICF), and Jaccard index (JI). our study reported 69 medicinal plants belonging to 39 families. Rosaceae (9 species) was a dominant family of the study area. Herb (54.83%) was dominant growth form of plants used for medicinal purpose. Leaves contributed maximum usage (44.29%) for curing diseases. Decoction (23 records) was most used mode of utilization. Relative frequency of citation and UV ranged from 0.03–0.85 and 0.05–1.17, respectively. There were 4 plant species with 100% FL. Highest ICF (0.88%) was found for gastrointestinal diseases. By comparing results with previous study, JI ranged from 0.54 to 24.43%. Our results found that there were 18 plant species not reported with ethnomedicinal aspect in previous studies from district Bagh region. The research of this study concludes that the area is rich with medicinal plants and the local inhabitant of this area still prefer medicinal plants over allopathic medicines for treating different ailments. Comparative analysis has shown some novel uses of plant species which may be due to cultural differences of the study area. However, awareness and pharmacological study are needed to conserve and unveil pharmaceutically important plants.
Bridging chiral de-tert-butylcalix[4]arenes: Optical resolution based on column chromatography and structural characterization
Authors: Liu Wen-Shan , Li Hong-Ying , Zhang Hai-Xia , Han Xiu-Yuan , Guo Xi-Chun , Ding Chuan-Hua 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
As the third-generation supramolecular main structure, calixarenes, especially chiral calixarenes, have been applied to various fields. In this study, the bridging chiral de-tert-butylcalix[4]arene derivatives with an amide group attached to a chiral point was synthesized for the first time, which provided a new group for its structural derivation at the bridging chiral position. The racemic compound 2 was optically resolved by column chromatography on silica gel with the aid of the chiral auxiliary (1S)-(+)-10-camphorsulfonyl chloride, and finally a pair of optically pure bridging chiral de-tert-butylcalix[4]arene derivatives 4a and 4b were obtained. The results of experimental and calculated ECD showed that compounds 4a and 4b were a pair of enantiomers, and their absolute configurations were designated S and R, respectively. This study provides new idea for the derivatization of specific chiral groups based on bridging chiral calix[4]arenes and their chiral resolution.
An RHCP and LHCP polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna for ISM band smart city applications
Authors: Behera Debakanta , Mishra Debasis , Behera Santanu Kumar , Sooksood Kriangkrai , Mohapatra Sushanta Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this article, a microstrip antenna having circular polarization switching capability is presented. This antenna consists of a circular-shaped radiating patch with a single co-axial probe feed line. The polarization reconfigurability is achieved by introducing four symmetrical U-shaped slots and silicon PIN diodes on the radiating patch. A prototype of the design is fabricated on an FR-4 substrate with overall dimension of 70 × 70 × 1.6 mm to verify the performances. The measured results of the antenna exhibit an impedance bandwidth (S
11 < −10 dB) of 5% in the frequency range of 2.37–2.49 GHz. The maximum gain of the antenna is found to be 2.99 dBic at 2.43 GHz. The antenna shows stable radiation performances at 2.4 GHz with 4.1% of 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth, and more than 105° of 3-dB axial ratio beamwidth for both right-hand circular polarization and left -hand circular polarization which make it suitable for ISM band Smart city applications.
On a Riemann--Hilbert boundary value problem for (ϕ,ψ)-harmonic functions in ℝ
m
Authors: Ricardo José Luis Serrano , Abreu Blaya Ricardo , Bory Reyes Juan , Sánchez Ortiz Jorge 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to solve a kind of the Riemann–Hilbert boundary value problem for

(
φ
,
ψ
)

{(\varphi,\psi)}

-harmonic functions, which are linked with the use of two orthogonal bases of the Euclidean space

ℝ
m

{\mathbb{R}^{m}}

. We approach this problem using the language of Clifford analysis for obtaining an explicit expression of the solution of the problem in a Jordan domain

Ω
⊂

ℝ
m

{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{m}}

with fractal boundary. Since our study is concerned with a second order differential operator, the boundary data are restricted to involve the higher order Lipschitz class

Lip
⁡

(

1
+
α

,
Γ
)

{\operatorname{Lip}(1+\alpha,\Gamma)}

.
Boron removal from silicon melt by gas blowing technique
Authors: Hoseinpur Arman , Andersson Stefan , Müller Michael , Tang Kai , Safarian Jafar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Due to the detrimental effects of boron (B) on the efficiency of silicon (Si) photovoltaic cells, complete boron removal from Si is necessary to produce solar grade Si (SoG–Si, with a maximum limit of 0.1 ppmw boron). Gas refining is a promising technique for boron removal from Si, in which the thermodynamic equilibrium never establishes. Hence, by starting from any B concentration in the melt, the required limit for SoG–Si will be achieved. This research is devoted to studying the refractory interactions’ effect with melt and the chamber atmosphere on boron removal. For this purpose, gas refining experiments were carried out in alumina and graphite crucibles with H2 and H2–3% H2O refining gases. Gas refining in Ar, He, and continuous vacuuming conditions were also carried out to study the effect of chamber atmosphere. The gas refining results are supported by the characterization of the evaporated species by molecular beam mass spectroscopy (MBMS) technique. The MBMS measurements indicated that the boron evaporation occurs by the formation of the volatile species BH
x
, BO
y
, and B
z
H
x
O
y
compounds. Most of these compounds are already known in the literature. However, HBO, HBOH, and AlBO (in the case of alumina refractories) were measured experimentally in this work. Results indicate that the evaporation of B in the form of AlBO
x
compounds leads to higher mass transfer coefficients for boron removal in alumina crucibles. Density-functional theory (DFT) and coupled cluster calculations are carried out to provide a thermodynamic database for the gaseous compounds in the H–B–O–Al system, including enthalpy, entropy, and C
P values for 21 compounds.
Cyberbullying in adolescents: a literature review
Authors: Santre Siriporn 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cyberbullying is a universal public health concern that affects adolescents. The growing usage of electronic gadgets and the Internet has been connected to a rise in cyberbullying. The increasing use of the Internet, along with the negative outcomes of cyberbullying on adolescents, has required the study of cyberbullying. In this paper author reviews existing literature on cyberbullying among adolescents. The concept of cyberbullying is explained, including definitions, types of cyberbullying, characteristics or features of victims and cyberbullies, risk factors or causes underlying cyberbullying, and the harmful consequences of cyberbullying to adolescents. Furthermore, examples of programs or intervention to prevent cyberbullying and recommendations for further studies are presented.
On the creep resistance in cast Ni-base superalloys
Authors: Yuan C. , Guo J. T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we attempt to apply the modified hardening theory to estimate the creep resistance, which is considered as a key factor for controlling the creep deformation mechanism in cast nickel-base superalloys. It is suggested that, when the applied stress is high enough for the dislocations to cut into theγ′ particles, the creep resistance is almost a constant and independent of applied stress. At low applied stress, creep deformation is mainly controlled by dislocations climb, where the creep resistance has two components of a threshold stress and a friction stress. The model is verified for two cast nickel-base superalloys DZ17G and IN738. The results of detailed calculations are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Criteria for developing castable, creep-resistant aluminum-based alloys – A review
Authors: Knipling Keith E. , Dunand David C. , Seidman David N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe describe four criteria for the selection of alloying elements capable of producing castable, precipitation-strengthened Al alloys with high-temperature stability and strength: these alloying elements must (i) be capable of forming a suitable strengthening phase, (ii) show low solid solubility in Al, (iii) low diffusivity in Al, and (iv) retain the ability for the alloy to be conventionally solidified.With regard to criterion (i), we consider those systems forming Al3M trialuminide compounds with a cubic L12crystal structure, which are chemically and structurally analogous to Ni3Al in the Ni-based superalloys. Eight elements, clustered in the same region of the periodic table, fulfill criterion (i): the first Group 3 transition metal (Sc), the three Group 4 transition metals (Ti, Zr, Hf) and the four latest lanthanide elements (Er, Tm, Yb, Lu). Based on a review of the existing literature, these elements are assessed in terms of criteria (ii) and (iii), which satisfy the need for a dispersion in Al with slow coarsening kinetics, and criterion (iv), which is discussed based on the binary phase diagrams.
Ag2Al plates in Al–Ag alloys
Authors: Senapati Sephalika , Kabes Bradley , Heinrich Helge 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The late stages of precipitation in aluminum-rich Al –Ag alloys with silver contents from 3 at.% to 22 at.% were studied with transmission electron microscopy. Shapes, sizes, and arrangements of plates of the stable hexagonal Ag2Al phase forming on {111} planes of the f.c.c. matrix were analysed. The high-angle annular dark-field contrast in scanning transmission electron microscopy is calibrated. This calibration allows for the quantitative measurement of plate thicknesses from high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron micrographs of Ag2Al plates inclined to the electron beam. Results from these measurements are in good agreement with direct bright-field micrographs of plates viewed edge-on. For samples with silver contents above 12 at.% a parallel lamellar arrangement of fine γ-plates and Al-rich matrix is found after extended heat treatments.
Bulk and surface properties of liquid Ga–Tl and Zn–Cd alloys
Authors: Akinlade O. , Awe O. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A simple thermodynamic model, based on the formation of self-associates, has been used to correlate the bulk and surface properties of mixing of liquid Ga–Tl and Zn–Cd alloys at temperatures of 973 K and 900 K, respectively. The model enables us to explain the positive deviation of the properties of mixing of the two liquid alloys from the ideal solution behavior. Our calculations indicate that the degree of phase separation in Zn–Cd, as measured using the Warren –Cowley short-range order parameter, is less than that in Ga–Tl.With regards to the surface, we show that the surface decomposition in Zn–Cd liquid alloys is greater than in Ga–Tl. We explain the contrast in the bulk and surface properties in terms of the possible roles of the entropic and enthalpic effects on the properties of mixing.
Fragility, kinetic stability and phase separations in the undercooled state of bulk glass formers – a case study on metallic model systems
Authors: Wilde Gerhard , Madge Shantanu V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several Pd-base alloys display a large tendency for glass formation that renders them especially suitable for investigations concerning (metastable) equilibrium properties of the deeply undercooled liquid including the glass transition, since the detrimental interference of premature crystallization can be avoided rather easily compared to other alloy systems. Here, thermodynamic, dynamic, and transport properties were analysed and compared to an Al-rich marginal glass former in the context of a possible relation between fragility, thermodynamic excess and kinetic stability against crystallization. Additionally, the possibility for liquid-phase separation occurring in the undercooled state of bulk glass-forming alloys is analysed as a function of thermal history, and critically discussed with respect of alternative mechanisms that are often summarized as ‘short-range ordering’.
Development of long-period ordered structures during crystallisation of amorphous Mg80Cu10Y10 and Mg83Ni9Y8
Authors: Garcés G. , Pérez P. , González S. , Adeva P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The different transformations occurring during the crystallisation of amorphous Mg80Cu10Y10 and Mg83Ni9Y8 alloys have been elucidated. The formation of several unknown metastable phases was observed. The present work confirms that such phases exhibit long-period structures originated by the periodic alignment of (Y, TM)-layers (TM: transition metal). The long-period stacking-ordered phase, identified in the crystallised Ni-containing alloy, is stable at higher temperatures than that in the Cu-containing alloy.
Evolution of C-rich SiOC ceramics
Authors: Gregori Giuliano , Kleebe Hans-Joachim , Blum Yigal D. , Babonneau Florence 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this Part II of the paper on the evolution of carbon-rich Si–O–C polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs), emphasis is placed on the strengths and limitations of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques with high lateral resolution, i. e., electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) and energy-filtered TEM (EFTEM). Here, the identical SiOC materials, as described in Part I. EELS studies confirmed the progression of structural rearrangements within the SiOC matrix temperatures exceeding 1200 °C. High-resolution TEM imaging showed that the SiOC matrices are indeed predominantly amorphous even upon high thermal treatment. Energy-filtered TEM analysis revealed, in contrast to the results obtained by Raman spectroscopy (Part I), that the excess free carbon phase undergoes a pronounced rearrangement within the amorphous microstructure. HRTEM characterization revealed the distribution of phases within the amorphous SiOC matrix; information that is not accessible by integral spectroscopic techniques. Discrepancies between the interpretation of experimental results obtained by local versus integral characterization tools are discussed in detail.
Anelastic relaxation and structure of ternary Fe–Al–Me alloys with Me = Co, Cr, Ge, Mn, Nb, Si, Ta, Ti, Zr
Authors: Golovin I. S. , Strahl A. , Neuhäuser H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe anelasticity of binary Fe –Al and ternary Fe –Al –Me (Me = Co, Cr, Ge, Mn, Nb, Si, Ta, Ti, Zr) alloys has been studied by mechanical spectroscopy in the Hz and kHz ranges. Relaxation peaks due to point defects – Snoek effect (S) with carbon interstitial jumps, carbon-vacancy complexes (X peak), Zener effect (Z), dislocations (D), and grain boundaries (GB) – are observed and their changes with addition of the third element are used to corroborate the respective proposed relaxation mechanisms, taking account of the changes of structure and order in the alloys which contain up to 5Co, 25Cr, 25Ge, 5Mn, 0.3Nb, 25Si, 6Ta, 4Ti, and 15Zr (all in at.%), respectively. In addition, some data of ordering temperatures, Curie temperatures, and hardness are provided for several alloys.
Investigation of Cu-graphite composites prepared by electroforming
Authors: Zhao Haijun , Liu Lei , Tang Yiping , Shen Bin , Hu Wenbin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this work, Cu-graphite composites were prepared by electroforming technology in an acidic copper sulfate bath with graphite particles in suspension. The factors affecting the codeposition of graphite particles with copper were studied. At a particle concentration of 20 g l –1, a current density of 3 A dm– 2 and a stirring rate of 100 min–1 graphite content in the composites was 21.7 vol.%.Microhardness and friction coefficient of the composites decreased with increasing graphite content. However, wear mass-loss decreased, but increased with graphite content above 21.7 vol.%. The wear mechanisms of pure Cu and Cu-graphite composites were adhesive wear and delaminating wear, respectively.