bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Pasternack–Sternheimer theorem for bound states in hydrogenic atoms and ions derived by operator calculus
Authors: Hey J D 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Pasternack–Sternheimer theorem for bound states (Pasternack and Sternheimer 1962 J. Math. Phys.
3 1280) is obtained directly by the methods of operator calculus set out earlier (Hey 2006 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys.
39 2641–64), on the basis of the factorisation technique of Infeld and Hull (Infeld and Hull 1951 Rev. Mod. Phys.
23 21–68). The present derivation, which complements the group theoretical treatments of Armstrong (Armstrong 1970 J. Phys. Colloq.
31 C4-17–23) and Cunningham (Cunningham 1972 J. Math. Phys. 13 33–9), not only elucidates the original result in terms of fundamental quantum mechanical theory, but also reveals some apparently new inter-connections between different radial matrix elements (for given n, diagonal and off-diagonal in ℓ, ℓ′) of hydrogenic atoms and ions. The key equation used to derive the theorem here is shown to follow identically in the non-relativistic limit from the treatment of the generalised Kepler problem by Crubellier and Feneuille (Crubellier and Feneuille 1971 J. Physique
32 405–11). This work is a continuation of studies employing operator methods to provide results of potential usefulness for spectroscopic studies of laboratory and astrophysical plasmas, in particular to transitions between states of high principal quantum number, as in the high-n radio recombination lines (Hey 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
46 175702; Peach 2014 Adv. Space Res.
54 1180-83).
Green Productivity Approach in Batik Industry
Authors: Shofari F D , Kurniawati D A , Paramawardhani H 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, Industries compete one to each other on many factors. When industries improve productivity, they may ignore the environmental effect. Green Productivity is a concept that can improve both productivity and environmental performance. Thus, this research was conducted in the batik industry namely Batik Ayu Arimbi. The Batik industry is known as one of the most polluting industries since it creates both liquid and solid waste. Most of them release the waste directly into nature without disposing it in a proper way. After the EPI index has been calculated, it is known that the environmental performance of this industry is far below the government standards. To tackle the issue, this research uses the green productivity approach. This approach results in 2 (two) alternatives solutions for Batik production which increased the productivity as well as the EPI index.
Ecotourism in a Hazardous Small-Volcanic Island: Tidore Island, Indonesia
Authors: Wijayanti H , Marfai M A , Mutaqin B W , Hadmoko D S , Lavigne F , Faral A , Riasasi W 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Being known as a small island with the highest volcano in North Maluku Province, Tidore Island is also famed for its exotic ecotourism potential. There are many benefits for areas that have good ecotourism potential, but it is necessary to consider the potential for local disasters. Kie Matubu Volcano is currently in a dormant status and is likely to be active at any time. Regional planning and disaster mitigation should thus go hand in hand, but the complexity of the geographical conditions of a small island requires various prior analyses. This research aims to integrate ecotourism mentioned in Regional Planning with disaster mitigation action in Tidore Island. Combining spatial analysis and social vulnerability can provide an overview of the integration planning and disaster management in this small volcanic island to improve community resilience. However, it still calls for some actions to develop ecotourism areas that co-occur with disaster mitigation efforts. Several villages with high social vulnerability in the western, southern, and eastern parts of the island require additional infrastructures (e.g., port terminals) and functional disaster evacuation facilities as the important aspect while disaster occurs.
Evaluation of blocking area management based on ecological and socio-economic sensitivity mapping in Sermo Wildlife Sanctuary, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta
Authors: Damayanti N. , Marhaento H. , Poedjirahajoe E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sermo Wildlife Sanctuary (SWS) is a nature reserve area located in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta that has a unique diversity of plant and animal species. SWS was established in 2014 with a total of 184,99 ha area based on the Decree of the Ministry of Forestry No. 3112/Menhut-VII/KUH/2014. The area management in SWS is managed by a blocking system that since 2016 has not been evaluated. This study aims to evaluate the blocking area in SWS based on the current ecological and socio-economy sensitivity in SWS. We carried out Spatial Multi Criteria Analysis (SMCA) that used scores and weights to each ecological and socio-economic criterion and sub-criteria. For the ecological sensitivity, four criteria were used such as slope, land cover, canopy density, and the potential presence of protected wildlife. While for the socio-economic sensitivity, four criteria were used such as accessibility, tourism area, built facilities, and water-use infrastructure. In addition, participatory mapping was carried out to map the activities from the local communities inside the SWS. Based on the results, we propose a larger special block and rehabilitation block than before in 2016, because there was expansion in the built facilities and open area inside the SWS.
Predicting material consumption in a Circular Economy oriented design methodology for pedestrian and cycling bridges
Authors: Anastasiades K , Audenaert A , Blom J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A Circular Economy (CE) oriented design methodology for pedestrian and cycling bridges that takes the 4Rs of the CE -Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recover- as basis needs to be developed. The first R, Reduce, is mostly neglected, even though it is the most important R in the CE. Nevertheless, a CE oriented design methodology also needs to consider and formalise Reduce. It is proposed to do this by measuring the material efficiency of a structure. Therefore, a reference volume of material needs to be found. This paper proposes a methodology to predict the necessary amount of material needed for the bridge structure. The methodology takes the theory of the morphological indicators as basis. Morphological indicators are used in the conceptual design phase to find the most efficient structural typology and global dimensions. However, it was found that the volume indication that results from these morphological indicators is not realistic. The main reasons are that they consider a fully stressed state for each component, and they do not consider standard profile sections. Therefore, two correction curves are proposed to correct the volume obtained from the morphological indicators into a realistic one. The limitations of this study are that it only focusses on Warren truss bridges and only considers vertical service loads. Further research will have to focus on incorporating other types of trusses and other structural typologies like arched, suspension and cable-stayed bridges. In addition, more loads like wind and snow that can act on bridges need to be considered.
BTPFlux: a building material flow analysis model to enhance the urban metabolism on French territories
Authors: Sorin E , Tirado R , Gully E , Louërat M , Laurenceau S 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Worldwide, the construction sector is the principal consumer of raw resources (50% of the natural resources) and the leading producer of solid waste (2.2 billion tons per year). Because of their quantity and their potential for development, construction wastes constitute a catalyst for establishing strategies and action programs aimed at making the management of resources circular at several territorial scales. Performing these strategies needs a detailed and structured knowledge of flows. In this context, the CSTB has developed a macro-component bottom-up-based model: BTPFlux, that aims to characterize the materiality of the building stock and the associated demolition, and renovation waste flows. A national database with generic information for every building on the metropolitan French territory was used. This database gathers information such as the surface, the typology, or the year of construction of the buildings and is then linked with a specific database characterizing existing construction products. This method provides a detailed characterization of the building material stock available on the French metropolitan territory. So, the environmental impacts, the treatment costs, and the valorisation potentials can be estimated by implementing different management scenarios for each category of waste assessed. The model was already successfully applied to the “Ile de France” region and can be replicated to any other French territory. The results will allow the stakeholders to better understand the materiality of their territory, giving them the possibility of making optimal decisions to implement the reuse and recycling of secondary resources. However, some improvements can still be made in the description levels of macrocomponents or in the description of infrastructures that BTPFlux does not currently model.
Climate impacts of wood/ timber as a building material – investigated on three urban quarters in Germany (CIW)
Authors: Roswag-Klinge E , Neumann E , Klinge A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Due to the current discussion about the shortage of resources and the excess of greenhouse gas emissions, timber construction is experiencing a renaissance in Germany. As a renewable resource, wood can replace emission-intensive building materials and, if left long-term in the construction, lead to negative balances, i.e. carbon sinks at the construction phase (LCA phase A1-A3). This means that more carbon could be stored in the construction than is emitted during production. This study analyses different buildings ranging from row houses to high-rise buildings that are envisioned as envisioned as envisioned as envisioned as envisioned as timber construction of three so called timber-quarters (Holzbauquartiere). For all buildings, the current design/ construction, a conventional as well as a timber+ construction (maximum possible timber use in construction) variant have been evaluated. The calculations were conducted with eLCA the LCA tool of the Bewertungssystem Nachhaltiges Bauen (BNB) (German Green Building System) and the data sets of the German ÖKOBAUDAT[11]. The results are given per m2 gross floor area per user, per building and per neighbourhood. The investigations show the importance of the material choice regarding the climate gas emissions of the buildings and how large the proportion of wood must be in order to design the building envelope (KG 300 (cost group for architectural elements) in a climate gas neutral way. Planning parameters for a climate gas neutral design and construction of buildings are derived from the analysis.
CircularWOOD – Towards Circularity in Timber Construction in the German Context
Authors: Schuster S , Geier S 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The circular economy can pave the way to achieve ambitious sustainability goals. A major perpetrator of resource and material waste is the building sector. A lot of research results already provide innovative technologies and solutions for circular construction. However, what many of the circular economy initiatives in the construction sector have in common, is a certain malaise in moving from pilot projects with high individual engagement to actions on a larger scale. Prefabricated timber construction is one of the most promising key technologies towards a more resource efficient Europe. Despite this potential, downcycling or an early thermic utilization is common practice. Valuable resources are wasted and already captured CO2 is released. The research project circularWOOD aims to provide a better understanding for potentials and barriers in a first step. This paper outlines first findings. Prefabrication and element design facilitate circular construction approaches. The context in which stakeholder implement circular construction approaches is widened. A wide range of economic and ecological aspects is supplemented with cultural, political, and regulatory conditions. Under the premise of reuse with a minimum of necessary adaptation structural aspects are evaluated. The results show a current concentration on new construction with easy-to-implement design approaches. Further efforts towards strategies for the reuse of existing construction and experiences to facilitate the diffusion within the timber construction sector are required.
Suggestions for solution space exploration in the early stage of architectural design based on a literature review
Authors: Li J , Bi X , Yang W 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Early design decisions have higher potential to influence building performance compared with the decisions made at later design stages. Performance simulation and optimization algorithms have been integrated to assist early design in reducing carbon emissions, improving indoor thermal comfort, etc. However, early decision making within a limited time frame is still challenging due to the large number of design options, the lack of decision-making guidance, and the trade-offs among various requirements. Selecting appropriate methods to explore design space is the key to find an ideal solution. This paper reviewed the challenges and identified the key questions to access the ability of existing decision-making methods to cope with different challenges. It is concluded that the interactive exploration of design space could be more effective and efficient by (1) combining the surrogate models and the automated optimization algorithms to improve the efficiency of the building performance calculation and the optimal design space position; and by (2) extending the optimal design space to increase the solution diversity, and (3) filtering the near optimal design space with consideration of the stakeholders’ preferences and values. Further integration of tools for building performance simulation, diversity description and decision-making guidance is needed to support the decision -making process.
Reviewing allocation approaches and modelling in LCA for building refurbishment
Authors: Kjær Zimmermann R , Nygaard Rasmussen F , Kanafani K , Malabi Eberhardt L C , Birgisdóttir H 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith a growing building stock and initiatives such as the European “renovation wave” which aims to double the annual energy renovation rates in the next ten years, environmental assessment of building refurbishment becomes still more important. Using standardized environmental assessment methods such as life cycle assessment (LCA) on renovation projects is important to keep impacts low, and avoid burden shifting. However, a specific methodological challenge in refurbishment projects is how to include the existing building materials in the assessment. The aim of this study is therefore to present and characterise different existing allocation approaches for LCA in refurbishments. Furthermore, the study highlights advantages and disadvantages of the analysed approaches from an LCA practitioner’s view. A literature review was conducted to find studies that illustrate the different allocation approaches and modelling of the existing materials in refurbishment projects. The approaches characterised in the study include allocation using 50:50, avoided burden, product environmental footprint (PEF), burden-free (and semi-burden-free), residual value or depreciation, and adjusting for past production of existing materials. The implications for LCA-practitioners were evaluated based on the work burden required for application. Here, the main cons relate to the large workload connected to modelling the existing building.
Automated Life cycle inventories for existing buildings – a parametric reference model approach
Authors: Kanafani K , Garnow A , Zimmermann R , Sørensen C , Stapel E , Birgisdottir H 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBuildings account for 40% of global Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In heating-dominated climates, most building-related emissions originate from building stock operational energy, especially from buildings constructed before energy requirements were introduced. Renovation can mitigate operational emissions, however, materials should be included to increase the mitigation potential. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) includes emissions from materials and energy but are time-consuming in renovations because BIM-aided approaches for automating inventories are inaccessible for existing building fabric. This paper proposes a parametric inventory-generator for existing buildings, which defines material quantities through few key variables, which are accessible in early design stages, and which relate to a reference model for a specific building type. The generated model includes LCA inventory data such as service life, replacements, and End of Life from a generic impacts database. The model is adjustable and can be supplied with predefined renovation interventions and new components. The proposed simplification has potential to facilitate modelling of LCA inventories for every existing building, and makes LCA feasible for more than deep renovations, offering a base for the proposed renovation pass by the EU commission. Future research will add building types and explore implementing default inventories based on cadastre data as public resource.
Bridging the gap – A database tool for BIM-based circularity assessment
Authors: Göswein V , Carvalho S , Lorena A , Fernandes J , Ferrão P 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The concept of circular economy attracts attention across sectors. Since construction materials are the single largest material stock and flow, there is a particular interest from research and policy to apply the circularity concept to buildings. Large quantities of construction and demolition waste end up in landfill, despite new EU legislation that requires a 70% recovery rate. There is a gap between this ambitious goal and the reality of the construction industry. Building Information Modelling (BIM) has the potential to improve building design and construction processes for an increased recovery of materials. However, insufficient data, inconsistent methods and interoperability issues inhibit BIM application to unfold its full potential in circularity assessments. This paper introduces the CirBIM database framework. It provides BIM users with the required robust data to improve the circularity throughout the building’s life cycle: from the design phase throughout renovation activities to the end-of-life stage. The paper proposes a new workflow of building circularity assessment, describe the architecture of the new database tool, and recommends relevant data sources and information models to streamline data mining processes. The new database tool is exemplified through application to a case study building in Portugal, emphasizing the need for different metrics and the need of integration of the end-of-life scenarios in the building design stage.
Circularity of building materials: A non-discriminating calculation methodology
Authors: Rovers R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The energy transition has shifted impacts to materials, their energy use and potential depletion. Especially affected is the building and construction sector, since it is the sector which has the largest consumption of materials. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that materials cycles be closed as well, that they stay within system boundaries, and that we use objective calculation and evaluation methods. If we look at organic or biobased resources, the basic impacts in their flow are obvious and can be characterised fairly simply: they grow on the basis of solar energy at a certain speed and volume per unit of land. It’s a constantly renewing flow, with use maximised to what naturally (re-)grows. In-depth analyses have created growing awareness that non-organic materials are also in fact renewable, even without human intervention but in different scales of time and volume, in time frames way beyond the normal planning horizons of humans. They are renewed by volcanic and tectonic movements of the Earth’s crust. The paper explores how non organic materials will renew, that is, become re-concentrated in the Earth’s crust. In fact it is the concentration that is crucial for effective use, without additional energy input that would deplete other sources. From this analysis it follows that all resources can be characterised by the speed and volume in which they concentrate—either by the soil and solar route, or by the Earth movement route. : “Resources can thus be grouped into four categories: regrowable, streaming, slow and synthetic. The characterisation shows a similar pattern in other indicators for these resources: the slower the resources are regenerated, the more (embodied) energy required to obtain the resources, for instance. This is an attempt, a pre-study, to set up a methodology, and the first estimations for the global flows of resources in different categories. In the end it turns out that all resources have a natural renewal basis, and that there are no sustainable or non-sustainable (or non-renewable) resources: it is their use, within maximised flows, that determines their sustainability. It requires that we re-define the notion of ‘circular’.
Development of a new environmental scoring methodology for building products, a French case study
Authors: Bahrar M , Jusselme T 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The building sector consumes about one-third of total final energy and contributes to 38% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions around the world. Thus, the EU has established a set of directives that includes the EPBD and the EED to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Hence, France adopted more challenging legislation by introducing the new environmental regulation RE2020. Among other measures, the RE2020 allocates a carbon budget to new housings starting from 2022. As a consequence, it promotes the use of materials and products that have a lower environmental impact. In this low carbon material competition, one of the challenges is related to the comparability of environmental product declarations (EPDs) and the lack of harmonization in terms of functional units and lifespan. Also, EPDs have multiple impact categories that make the decision-making process complex. In this context, the objective of this research is to develop a new environmental scoring methodology for building products based on their life cycle assessment. The methodology has been applied to two product families: windows and insulation as case studies thanks to the French EPD database called INIES.