bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Green OLED with 4500 h Lifetime and 20% External Quantum Efficiency by Optimizing the Emission Zone using a Single‐Emission Spectrum Technique
Authors: Mac Ciarnáin Rossa , Mo Hin Wai , Nagayoshi Kaori , Fujimoto Hiroshi , Harada Kentaro , Gehlhaar Robert , Ke Tung Huei , Heremans Paul , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDevice optimization of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) targets the most efficient conversion of electrically injected charges into emitted light. The emission zone in an LED is where charges recombine and light is emitted from. It is believed that the emission zone is strongly linked to device efficiency and lifetime. However, the emission zone size is below the optical diffraction limit, so it is difficult to measure. An accessible method based on a single emission spectrum that enables emission zone measurements with sub‐second time resolution is shown. A procedure is introduced to study and control the emission zone of an LED system and correlate it with device performance. A thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic LED emission zone is experimentally measured over all luminescing current densities, while varying the device structure and while ageing. The emission zone is shown to be finely controlled by emitter doping because electron transport via the emitter is the charge‐transport bottleneck of the system. Suspected quenching/degradation mechanisms are linked with the emission zone changes, device structure variation, and ageing. Using these findings, a device with an ultralong 4500 h T95 lifetime at 1000 cd m−2 with 20% external quantum efficiency is shown.
A Bionic Interface to Suppress the Coffee‐Ring Effect for Reliable and Flexible Perovskite Modules with a Near‐90% Yield Rate
Authors: Fan Baojin , Xiong Jian , Zhang Yanyan , Gong Chenxiang , Li Feng , Meng Xiangchuan , Hu Xiaotian , Yuan Zhongyi , Wang Fuyi , Chen Yiwang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe inhomogeneity, poor interfacial contact, and pinholes caused by the coffee‐ring effect severely affect the printing reliability of flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, inspired by the bio‐glue of barnacles, a bionic interface layer (Bio‐IL) of NiOx/levodopa is introduced to suppress the coffee‐ring effect during printing perovskite modules. The coordination effect of the sticky functional groups in Bio‐IL can pin the three‐phase contact line and restrain the transport of perovskite colloidal particles during the printing and evaporation process. Moreover, the sedimentation rate of perovskite precursor is accelerated due to the electrostatic attraction and rapid volatilization from an extraordinary wettability. The superhydrophilic Bio‐IL affords an even spread over a large‐area substrate, which boosts a complete and uniform liquid film for heterogeneous nucleation as well as crystallization. Perovskite films on different large‐area substrates with negligible coffee‐ring effect are printed. Consequently, inverted flexible PSCs and perovskite solar modules achieve a high efficiency of 21.08% and 16.87%, respectively. This strategy ensures a highly reliable reproducibility of printing PSCs with a near 90% yield rate.
Mesopore‐Rich Fe–N–C Catalyst with FeN4–O–NC Single‐Atom Sites Delivers Remarkable Oxygen Reduction Reaction Performance in Alkaline Media
Authors: Peng Lishan , Yang Jiao , Yang Yuqi , Qian Fangren , Wang Qing , Sun‐Waterhouse Dongxiao , Shang Lu , Zhang Tierui , Waterhouse Geoffrey I.N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFe–N–C catalysts offer excellent performance for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media. With a view toward boosting the intrinsic ORR activity of Fe single‐atom sites in Fe–N–C catalysts, fine‐tuning the local coordination of the Fe sites to optimize the binding energies of ORR intermediates is imperative. Herein, a porous FeN4–O–NCR electrocatalyst rich in catalytically accessible FeN4–O sites (wherein the Fe single atoms are coordinated to four in‐plane nitrogen atoms and one subsurface axial oxygen atom) supported on N‐doped carbon nanorods (NCR) is reported. Fe K‐edge X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) verifies the presence of FeN4–O active sites in FeN4–O–NCR, while density functional theory calculations reveal that the FeN4–O coordination offers a lower energy and more selective 4‐electron/4‐proton ORR pathway compared to traditional FeN4 sites. Electrochemical tests validate the outstanding intrinsic activity of FeN4–O–NCR for alkaline ORR, outperforming Pt/C and almost all other M–N–C catalysts reported to date. A primary zinc–air battery constructed using FeN4–O–NCR delivers a peak power density of 214.2 mW cm−2 at a current density of 334.1 mA cm−2, highlighting the benefits of optimizing the local coordination of iron single atoms.
Magnets Assisted Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Harvesting Water Wave Energy
Authors: Ouyang Ri , Miao Juan , Wu Tao , Chen Jiajia , Sun Chengfu , Chu Jing , Chen Dingming , Li Xin , Xue Hao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDeveloping renewable energies, especially ocean wave energy, is very significant for solving the energy and environmental crisis. The emergence of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) provides new possibilities for harvesting the abundant clean ocean wave energy on earth. In this work, the magnets assisted triboelectric nanogenerator (MA‐TENG) is designed to harvest low frequency ocean wave energy. The integration of electromagnetic generators (EMGs) and TENGs in the MA‐TENG can accomplish their complementary strengths. Additionally, the MA‐TENG system features four output units and a contact separation structure to further improve its output performance while avoiding friction loss. Driven by the linear motor and simulated water waves, the MA‐TENG system can achieve a maximum power density of 79 and 26.2 W m‐3, respectively. This research not only demonstrates a new design idea for TENGs, but also provides a cost‐efficient way for wave energy harvesting.
Surface‐Supported Metal‐Organic Framework as Low‐Dielectric‐Constant Thin Films for Novel Hybrid Electronics
Authors: da Silva Ricardo M. L. , Albano Luiz G. S. , Vello Tatiana P. , de Araújo Wagner W. R. , de Camargo Davi H. S. , Palermo Leirson D. , Corrêa Cátia C. , Wöll Christof , Bufon Carlos C. B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe miniaturization of electronic devices highlights the need for robust low‐κ materials as an alternative to prevent losses in the performance of integrated circuits. For it, surface‐supported metal‐organic frameworks (SURMOFs), a class of porous‐hybrid materials, may cover such a demand. However, the high‐intrinsic porosity makes determining the dielectric properties difficult and promotes the integration of SURMOF thin films. Here, the integration of ultrathin HKUST‐1 SURMOF films into a 3D functional device architecture using soft‐top electrical contacts is addressed. In this novel approach, the device structure assumes an ultracompact capacitor structure allowing determine the dielectric properties of porous thin films with considerable accuracy. A low‐κ value of 2.0 ± 0.5 and robust breakdown strength of 2.8 MV cm−1 are obtained for films below 80 nm. The spontaneous self‐encapsulated structure provides a footprint‐area reduction of up to 90% and yields good protection for the SURMOF toward different hazardous exposure. Finite‐element calculations compare the HKUST‐1 performance as dielectric layer with well‐established insulators applied in electronics (SiO2 and Al2O3). The possibility of integration and miniaturization of HKUST‐1, combined with their interesting insulating properties, place this hybrid material as a robust low‐k dielectric for novel electronics.
Atomic‐Scale Design of Anode Materials for Alkali Metal (Li/Na/K)‐Ion Batteries: Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Olsson Emilia , Yu Jiale , Zhang Haiyan , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Cai Qiong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe development and optimization of high‐performance anode materials for alkali metal ion batteries is crucial for the green energy evolution. Atomic scale computational modeling such as density functional theory and molecular dynamics allows for efficient and adventurous materials design from the nanoscale, and have emerged as invaluable tools. Computational modeling cannot only provide fundamental insight, but also present input for multiscale models and experimental synthesis, often where quantities cannot readily be obtained by other means. In this review, an overview of three main anode classes; alloying, conversion, and intercalation‐type anodes, is provided and how atomic scale modeling is used to understand and optimize these materials for applications in lithium‐, sodium‐, and potassium‐ion batteries. In the last part of this review, a novel type of anode materials that are largely predicted from density functional theory simulations is presented. These 2D materials are currently in their early stages of development and are only expected to gain in importance in the years to come, both within the battery field and beyond, highlighting the ability of atomic scale materials design.
Difluorobenzene‐Based Locally Concentrated Ionic Liquid Electrolyte Enabling Stable Cycling of Lithium Metal Batteries with Nickel‐Rich Cathode
Authors: Liu Xu , Mariani Alessandro , Diemant Thomas , Pietro Maria Enrica Di , Dong Xu , Kuenzel Matthias , Mele Andrea , Passerini Stefano 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLithium metal batteries (LMBs) with nickel‐rich cathodes are promising candidates for next‐generation, high‐energy batteries. However, the highly reactive electrodes usually exhibit poor interfacial compatibility with conventional electrolytes, leading to limited cyclability. Herein, a locally concentrated ionic liquid electrolyte (LCILE) consisting of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI), 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (EmimFSI), and 1,2‐difluorobenzene (dFBn) is designed to overcome this challenge. As a cosolvent, dFBn not only promotes the Li+ transport with respect to the electrolyte based on the ionic liquid only, but also has beneficial effects on the electrode/electrolyte interphases (EEIs) on lithium metal anodes (LMAs) and LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) cathodes. As a result, the developed LCILE enables dendrite‐free cycling of LMAs with a coulombic efficiency (CE) up to 99.57% at 0.5 mA cm−2 and highly stable cycling of Li/NMC811 cells (4.4 V) at C/3 charge and 1 C discharge (1 C = 2 mA cm−2) for 500 cycles with a capacity retention of 93%. In contrast, the dFBn‐free electrolyte achieves lithium stripping/plating CE, and the Li/NMC811 cells’ capacity retention of only 98.22% and 16%, respectively under the same conditions. The insight into the coordination structure, promoted Li+ transport, and EEI characteristics gives fundamental information essential for further developing (IL‐based) electrolytes for long‐life, high‐energy LMBs.
Winter wheat light interception measured with a quantum sensor and images
Authors: Helguera Maria Paula Garcia , Lollato Romulo , Patrignani Andres 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLight interception (LI) measurements are essential for modeling crop biomass and grain yield. Canopy LI is often measured with linear quantum sensors, but the need for unobstructed sunlight near solar noon can make field measurements impractical. We aimed to evaluate the use of the fraction of green canopy cover (FGCC) as a surrogate for LI in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) canopies. A linear quantum sensor and a camera were used to collect 930 observations during the 2021 growing season across three locations in Kansas. Images were analyzed with the Canopeo application. The quantum sensor was also used to estimate the LI and leaf area index (LAI) in different canopy strata. Growing season shoot dry biomass was modeled with LI values from images and the quantum sensor. The LI estimated by the quantum sensor and images resulted in a strong positive linear correlation (r = 0.97). During the vegetative stages, LI values from images were generally greater than the LI values from the quantum sensor. During the reproductive stages, LI values from images were generally lower than those obtained by the quantum sensor, which was partly attributed to the better discrimination of FGCC for senescing vegetation. Using images to measure LI was easier and faster in prostrate canopies, and less sensitive to soil microrelief and changing sky conditions. The quantum sensor was useful for quantifying LI and LAI nondestructively in different canopy layers. Final growing season shoot dry biomass determined by either method was within 5% of the observed biomass.
Effect of nano TiO2 on the cellular structure and mechanical properties of wood flour/polypropylene composite foams via mold‐opening foam injection molding
Authors: Chai Kun , Xu Zesheng , Chen Dong , Liu Yingtao , Fang Yiqun , Song Yongming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMicrocellular foamed wood‐plastic composites (WPCs) have shown good development prospects in environmentally‐friendly composites. Herein, the foamed wood flour (WF)/polypropylene (PP) composites were fabricated by mold‐opening injection molding using supercritical N2 as a physical foaming agent. The effects of nano TiO2 on the microcellular structure and mechanical properties of WF/PP composites were investigated, and the results show that nano TiO2 accelerates the crystallization rate and reduces the crystallinity of PP, which is beneficial to the formation of foamed homogeneous systems and cell growth in the WF/PP composites. This is mainly due to heteronucleation effect of nano TiO2, resulting in the refinement of crystal. Molecular chain movement of PP is limited with the introduction of nano TiO2, resulting in increased the melt elasticity of WF/PP composites, thereby reducing cell coalescence and collapse. With the addition of 5 wt% nano TiO2, the cell density was increased by 393.8%, the cell size was reduced by 54.4%, and the cell size homogeneity was clearly improved. In addition, impact strength increased by 33.3%. The improved foamability of WF/PP composites using nano TiO2 shows a great promise for the production and application of WPC foams, especially in automotive, packaging and building areas.
High orientation structure in UHMWPE/BN composites continuously obtained by elongational flow field leading to superior thermal conductivity
Authors: He Guangjian , Lin Zhihao , Yin Xiaochun , Feng Yanhong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUltra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene/boron nitride (BN) composites have been continuously prepared successfully by eccentric rotor extruder (ERE) based on elongational flow. Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermal conductivity test, heat‐dissipation test, and tensile test were performed to investigate the orientation structure, thermal conductivity, mechanical properties, and insulation properties. The orientation factor and thermal conductivity of the composites prepared by ERE were 79.3 and 3.75 W·m−1·K−1, which were much higher than those of composites prepared with a torque mixer (14.7 and 2.73 W·m−1·K−1, respectively). OM and SEM showed that the BN sheets were in contact inside the composites and formed an efficient thermal conductivity network. Besides, the composites prepared by ERE had satisfactory mechanical and insulation properties (>1013 Ω·cm). This study provides experimental and theoretical guidance for industrial preparation of polymer/layered‐filler functional composites.
Localization of host endocytic and actin‐associated proteins during Shigella flexneri intracellular motility and intercellular spreading
Authors: Dhanda Aaron Singh , Guttman Julian Andrew 
Published: May 2022

AbstractShigella flexneri (S. flexneri), the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, uses an effector‐mediated strategy to hijack host cells and cause disease. To propagate and spread within human tissues, S. flexneri bacteria commandeer the host actin cytoskeleton to generate slender actin‐rich comet tails to move intracellularly, and later, plasma membrane actin‐based protrusions to move directly between adjacent host cells. To facilitate intercellular bacterial spreading, large micron‐sized endocytic‐like membrane invaginations form at the periphery of neighboring host cells that come into contact with S. flexneri‐containing membrane protrusions. While S. flexneri comet tails and membrane protrusions consist primarily of host actin cytoskeletal proteins, S. flexneri membrane invaginations remain poorly understood with only clathrin and the clathrin adapter epsin‐1 localized to the structures. Tangentially, we recently reported that Listeria monocytogenes, another actin‐hijacking pathogen, exploits an assortment of caveolar and actin‐bundling proteins at their micron‐sized membrane invaginations formed during their cell‐to‐cell movement. Thus, to further characterize the S. flexneri disease process, we set out to catalog the distribution of a variety of actin‐associated and caveolar proteins during S. flexneri actin‐based motility and cell‐to‐cell spreading. Here we show that actin‐associated proteins found at L. monocytogenes comet tails and membrane protrusions mimic those present at S. flexneri comet tails with the exception of α‐actinins 1 and 4, which were shed from S. flexneri membrane protrusions. We also demonstrate that all known host endocytic components found at L. monocytogenes membrane invaginations are also present at those formed during S. flexneri infections.
Genetic Liability to Rheumatoid Arthritis in Relation to Coronary Artery Disease and Stroke Risk
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Carter Paul , Mason Amy M. , Yang Fangkun , Burgess Stephen , Larsson Susanna C. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the causality of the associations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke using the Mendelian randomization approach.MethodsIndependent single‐nucleotide polymorphisms strongly associated with RA (n = 70) were selected as instrumental variables from a genome‐wide association meta‐analysis including 14,361 RA patients and 43,923 controls of European ancestry. Summary‐level data for CAD, all stroke, any ischemic stroke and its subtypes, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage were obtained from meta‐analyses of genetic studies, international genetic consortia, the UK Biobank, and the FinnGen consortium. We obtained summary‐level data for common cardiovascular risk factors and related inflammatory biomarkers to assess possible mechanisms.ResultsGenetic liability to RA was associated with an increased risk of CAD and ICH. For a 1‐unit increase in log odds of RA, the combined odds ratios were 1.02 (95% confidence interval [1.01, 1.03]; P = 0.003) for CAD and 1.05 (95% confidence interval [1.02, 1.08]; P = 0.001) for ICH. Genetic liability to RA was associated with increased levels of tumor necrosis factor and C‐reactive protein (CRP). The association with CAD was attenuated after adjustment for genetically predicted CRP levels. There were no associations of genetic liability to RA with the other studied outcomes.ConclusionThis study found that genetic liability to RA was associated with an increased risk of CAD and ICH and that the association with CAD might be mediated by CRP. The heightened cardiovascular risk should be actively monitored and managed in RA patients, and this may include dampening systemic inflammation.
On a buffered threshold autoregressive stochastic volatility model
Authors: Wang Qingzheng , Yiu Ka‐Fai Cedric , Wong Heung 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article introduces a new autoregressive stochastic volatility (SV) model with a new piecewise linear structure such that the regime‐switching mechanism has a buffer zone where regime‐switching is delayed. The proposed model allows us to model the hysteretic phenomenon of the regime‐switching existing on both the mean equation and the volatility equation. A full description of the proposed Markov chain Monte Carlo method is given. In the empirical study, we consider the daily closing prices of NIKKEI stock average, the exchange rate for US Dollar to Japanese Yen and Hang Seng Index. Deviance information criterion measure shows that our proposed model outperforms the classical threshold SV models.
Creating social and environmental value through integrated thinking: International evidence
Authors: Reimsbach Daniel , Braam Geert 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntegrated thinking (IT) is a managerial mindset increasingly discussed in the context of value creation. Through the lens of systems theory, this study examines how the degree to which IT is embedded in a firm's strategy and day‐to‐day business processes is associated with the firm's social and environmental value creation. Using a broad international dataset, we find strong evidence that our measure of IT is positively related to a firm's sustainability performance (SP), which we use to operationalize social and environmental value creation (or erosion). Our results also reveal that the increase in a firm's SP might come at the cost of a short‐term decrease in financial performance (FP). We find no indication, however, that IT induces a trade‐off between SP and long‐term FP. Integrated thinking appears to stipulate long‐term financial value creation instead. We further explore moderating factors within the organizational and institutional context of our sample firms and highlight implications for society, corporate practice, and policymaking.
Connecting businesses and biodiversity conservation through community organizing: The case of babassu breaker women in Brazil
Authors: Puppim de Oliveira José A. , Mukhi Umesh , Quental Camilla , de Oliveira Cerqueira Fortes Paulo Jordão 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe investigate the role of community organizing in connecting business activities and biodiversity conservation. We draw from a unique setting in the BrazilianAmazônia Legal(Legal Amazon)—the traditional community ofquebradeiras de coco do babaçu(babassu nut breaking women), orquebradeiras—to show how this community connects the subsistence activity of breaking babassu palm tree nuts with local and global value chains (GVCs) in the cosmetics industry. As a consequence of multidimensional community organizing and local/global business connections, we show not only the ways in which biodiversity conservation has been realized in a large area of the Amazon but also how thequebradeirashave developed organizational activities that address persistent social, economic, and environmental challenges. Through community organizing, thequebradeirasmaintain a traditional activity, connect with GVCs, and protect the biodiversity of the regional ecosystem. We thus call attention to the impact of business on strengthening community organizing and fostering biodiversity conservation.