bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Putusan Hakim Dalam Menjatuhkan Putusan Tindak Pidana Penipuan Yang Dilakukan Anak Dibawah Umur: Studi Perkara Nomor 2/Pid.Sus-Anak/2022/PN.Tjk
Authors: Endang Prasetyawati  , Indah Satria  , Yosi Oktavia  
Published: November 2022

Permasalahan tindak kriminalitas seolah tidak pernah hilang dan tidak pernah tuntas terselesaikan. Hal ini juga berimbas pada meningkatnya jumlah pelaku tindak kriminal dari kalangan anak-anak di bawah umur. Saat ini, ditengarai jumlah anak-anak dibawah umur yang terlibat tindak kriminalitas semakin meningkat. Hal ini berkaitan dengan pola hidup sehari-hari dari anak- anak serta tekanan sosial. Adapun tujuan yang hendak di capai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui, memahami, dan menganalisis upaya komisi perlindungan anak dalam memberikan perlindungan hukum terhadap anak dibawah umur yang melakukan tindak pidana dan menganalisis dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam memutuskan perkara tindak pidana penipuan yang dilakukan anak dibawah umur. Kegunaan penelitian ini juga diharapkan menambah referensi teoritis, praktis, dan analisis sebagai jalan keluar secara Hukum Pidana. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian yuridis empiris. Perlindungan hukum bagi anak dapat diartikan sebagai upaya perlindungan hukum terhadap berbagai kebebasan dan hak asasi anak serta berbagai kepentingan yang berhubungan dengan kesejahteraan anak. Perlindungan anak dapat dilakukan secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Secara langsung, maksudnya kegiatannya langsung ditujukan kepada anak yang menjadi sasaran penanganan langsung. Kegiatan seperti ini dapat berupa antaralain dengan cara melindungi anak dari berbagai ancaman dari luar dan dalam dirinya. Putusan hakim sangat menentukan dalam suatu perkara di persidangan, karena dalam putusan hakim menetukan nasib seseorang ditahan atau tidak, tentunya dalam menjatuhkan putusan hakim harus benar benar mempertimbangkan segala sesuatu yang di hadapkan di muka pengadilan, karena buakan hanya nasib terdakwa yang ditentukan oleh putusan hakim namun juga nasib dari keluarga seseorang terdakwa. Bapas dan Kpai Juga sangat menentukan dalam putusan karna saran dari bapas dan kpai juga menjadi salah satu dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusan, bapas dan kpai juga harus mendampingi anak dari penangkapan hingga putusan sesuai dengan undang – undang yang mengatur.
RISK FACTORS FOR CARIES OF TEMPORARY TEETH IN CHILDREN
Authors: Kaskova L.F. , Sadovski M.O. 
Published: November 2022

Oral health is an important component of overall health. Analysis the etiological risk factors for the occurrence of early caries in children demonstrates that the greatest responsibility for the children oral health is on their parents, who must monitor the quality and regularity of children's individual hygiene, their practical skills in dental care and the right use of hygienic products to prevent or remove dental deposits.
According to the results of the survey, we have found that mothers whose children had caries had three-fold higher pregnancy complications than mothers of children without caries.
Breastfeeding is the most effective ways to ensure child health as it is the most balanced in terms of the necessary components needed for the proper formation of the child's organs and systems. We have found out that 84.6% of children without caries were breastfed compared to 79.3% of children with caries.
Nutrition is important for maintaining oral health, and carbohydrates play a special role. Only 1.1% of children with caries do not overconsume sweets, and 80.4% of them eat sweets every day. While among healthy children, 13.5% do not eat sweets at all, and 34.6% consume them every day.
Based on the information from parents, almost 90% of children of both groups brush their teeth. But 54.5% of healthy children brush the teeth twice a day, while only 35.7% of children with caries do so. Toothpaste is used by 85.3% of children without caries and by 64.2% of children having caries.
The obtained results indicate that parents of children do not pay enough attention to maintaining the oral health by their children. This is confirmed by the results of surveys, according to which 52.5% of children with caries aged from 3 to 6 years have never visited a dentist.
A low level of parents’ awareness about oral health is one of the risk factors for early caries in preschool children. The results of the questionnaires show an unsatisfactory situation with the awareness of adults about individual hygiene, the use of additional products by parents themselves and their children. There is a need to carry out sanitary and educational work among parents of preschool children and families planning pregnancy.
CLINICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL PARALLELS IN DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES AND DYSFUNCTION OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
Authors: Korostashova M.A. , Novikov V.M. , Rezvina K. Yu. , Pankevich A.I. , Kolisnyk I.A. , Gogol A.M. 
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint is a rather widespread disorder and occupies a leading place among all other joint disorders.
Subjects and methods. The study was conducted at the Department of Propaedeutics of Surgical Dentistry. 10 people with clinical signs of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction were selected, and subjected to radiological and magnetic resonance imaging in order to clarify the final diagnosis.
Results and discussion. The main criterion for magnetic resonance imaging diagnostics in dysfunctional TMJ conditions is visualization of the intra-articular cartilage disc.
When comparing radiograms and magnetic resonance imaging, the main criteria were:

Distortion between research methods;
The presence of any bone formation and its importance in making a diagnosis. Comparing the series of radiograms and magnetic resonance imagings shows the distortion of the imaging results. In four patients, radiograms showed narrowing of the joint space in the anterior-posterior sections, but this did not occur on magnetic resonance imaging. In this case, patients should feel pain irradiating to the ear. This option is possible due to compression of the bilaminar zone, where the auriculotemporal nerve is located. Characteristic pathological symptoms were determined in one patient out of four that prompts the question about the correctness of determining the joint space on a series of radiograms. In these research methods, the following features were common: 1. The articular head was flattened (4 patients), had a dumbbell-like shape (6 patients). 2. With the mouth open, attention was drawn to the placement of the articular head in relation to the articular tubercle. Subluxation of one of the joints was found 8 patients; joint hypermobility was detected in 2 patients. Magnetic resonance imaging of the TMJ joint in 3 patients showed anatomical instability, namely degenerative changes in the articular discs, and bony growths. Degenerative changes of the meniscus did not occur in the other 7 patients.

Conclusion. Undoubtedly, the best diagnosis when choosing the right method is based on the doctor's experience in correct image interpreting. Radiogram is a relatively cheap method compared to magnetic resonance imaging, but it is far from being exceptionally effective because it does not visualize the connective tissue elements of the joint. Magnetic resonance imaging fully characterizes all bone and soft tissue elements that helps the doctor to clearly determine the final diagnosis based on which the treatment plan will be made up.
Unproductive prefixes in East Slavic dialects (etymological heuristics; identification difficulties)
Authors: Zhuravlev Anatoly 
Published: November 2022

The article analyzes the heuristic possibilities given to etymology by purposeful study of rare and unproductive (“archaic”) prefixes in the Eastern Slavic languages (*ba- / *bu‑, *ka- / *ko- / *ku-, *la- / *le-, *mo- / *mu-, *ra-, še‑ / ši‑ / šu‑, če‑ / či‑ / ču‑…), as well as difficulties associated with identification of these morphemes in the composition of “obscure” words. Establishment of the prefixal status of certain initial segments of a word is facilitated by their serial nature, parallel modification of the same morphological base by different prefixes, sometimes emphasized by the commonality of their vocalism, and by newly discovered structural and semantic parallels. Identification of such prefixes can be complicated by false-etymological associations, ambiguity of the studied form in grammatical-paradigmatic terms, consonant epentheses, emphatic syllabic inserts, mutual exchange of vocalism between a sparsely distributed prefix and a root, merger of prefixes into two-syllable complexes, their recombination, etc. The article suggests a number of original etymologies (Rus. baraxlo, lobotrjas, dial. šadra / ščedra, ličkuëk, raxubot’je, šoed’, Ukr. dial. batjuta, raxomot’je, šydravyj, Belarus. dial. šujadz’, etc.).
FORMULASI DAN UJI STABILITAS ANTIOKSIDAN KRIM NANOPARTIKEL KITOSAN-EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SIRSAK (Annona muricata L.) MENGGUNAKAN METODE CYCLING TEST
Authors: Prihantini Malinda , Wibowo Danang Novianto , Azizah Nur , Setya Nopbrillian Fine 
Published: November 2022

Ekstrak etanol (70%) daun sirsak mengandung flavonoid yang bersifat tidak stabil terhadap suhu tinggi, pH dan cahaya. Sistem nanopartikel dengan penyalut kitosan mengenkapsulasi flavonoid dan melindungi dari ketidakstabilan. Sediaan krim meningkatkan akseptabilitas dan kenyamanan penggunaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan formulasi dan mengetahui stabilitas antioksidan krim nanopartikel ekstrak etanol daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) setelah 6 siklus peyimpanan cycling test. Daun sirsak diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Nanopartikel EEDS dibuat menggunakan metode gelasi ionik dengan magnetic stirrer. Kemudian dibuat sediaan krim dengan variasi konsentrasi EEDS F1 (100 mg), F2 (200 mg), F3 (300 mg). Sediaan krim nanopartikel EEDS disimpan pada suhu 4⁰C selama 24 jam dan 40⁰C selama 24 jam (1 siklus) selama 6 siklus dan dibandingkan aktivitas antioksidannya sebelum dan sesudah cycling test. Karakteristik sediaan dianalisis secara deskriptif, sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan dianalisis menggunakan Paired Sample T-test. Krim nanopartikel EEDS F1, F2, dan F3 memiliki warna putih, bentuk semi padat, homogen, pH 5-6 sesuai pH kulit, daya sebar 5-6 cm, daya lekat 3-5, dan viskositas sesuai rentang SNI 16-4399-1996.Aktivitas antioksidan F1, F2, dan F3 mengalami penurunan setelah disimpan selama 6 siklus cycling test dengan signifikansi <0,05, tetapi masih termasuk dalam kategori antioksidan kuat.Kata kunci: Annona muricata, antioksidan, freeze-thaw, sirsak, stabilitas
PERBANDINGAN GUAR GUM DAN HIDROKSI METIL SELULOSA SEBAGAI GELLING AGENT TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FISIK SEDIAAN MASKER PEEL OFF EKSTRAK DAUN SALAM
Authors: Devi Sisca 
Published: November 2022

Radikal bebas merupakan suatu atom bersifat tidak stabil dan sangat reaktif yang dapat menyebabkan penuaan dini. Radikal bebas dapat diatasi dengan senyawa antioksidan. Daun salam mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang bermanfaat sebagai antioksidan. Sediaan kosmetik yang cocok untuk penghantaran efek antioksidan adalah masker peel off. Salah satu bahan dalam formulasi masker peel off adalah gelling agent. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh gelling agent guar gum dan hidroksi metil selulosa terhadap karakteristik fisik masker peel off ekstrak daun salam. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental menggunakan 2 jenis gelling agent yaitu semi sintetik (HPMC K100M) dan gom alam (guar gum). Formula masker peel off dievaluasi karakteristik fisik meliputi organoleptis, pH sediaan, homogenitas, daya lekat, daya sebar, waktu mengering ,viskositas. Hasil pengujian dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan teoritis yaitu membandingkan hasil pengujian dengan pustaka dan pendekatan statistik menggunakan uji t dan uji Mann Whitney dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil uji karakteristik fisik masker peel off ekstrak daun salam dengan dua gelling agent menunjukkan perbedaan jenis gelling agent tidak berpengaruh pada uji organoleptis dan homogenitas. Variasi gelling agent berpengaruh pada uji pH, daya lekat, daya sebar, viskositas, waktu mengering. Hasil menunjukkan jenis gelling agent semi sintetik HPMC K100M merupakan formula yang menghasilkan karakteristik fisik paling baik pada uji pH, daya lekat, viskositas, waktu mengering. Kata kunci: ekstrak daun salam, guar gum, hidroksi metil selulosa, masker peel off
ANALISIS BEBAN KERJA GUNA MENENTUKAN JUMLAH TENAGA KERJA OPTIMAL DENGAN METODE WORLOAD ANALYSIS DAN WORK FORCE ANALYSIS
Authors: Rustinawati Wahyu , Jono Jono , Lestariningsih Siti 
Published: November 2022

UD. Rizqi Hadi Putra merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang industri kayu lapis. Hasil pengamatan awal ditemukan bahwa perusahaan ini belum menerapkan pengukuran beban kerja pada setiap posisi maka terjadi ketidaksesuaian antara beban kerja dan jumlah pekerja. Hal ini mengakibatkan inefisiensi kerja dan peningkatan beban kerja. Pengukuran beban kerja dan optimasi jumlah tenaga kerja dapat diupayakan melalui metode analisis beban kerja (workload analysis) dan work force analysis. Pengukuran beban kerja dalam penelitian ini didasarkan pada waktu proses kerja. Berkaitan dengan kondisi kerja di bagian produksi yang mempunyai pekerjaan beragam, maka pengukuran waktu kerja dapat dilakukan dengan metode work sampling. Melalui metode tersebut akan diperoleh waktu baku yang kemudian digunakan untuk mengukur beban kerja. Optimasi jumlah tenaga kerja dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode work force analysis mempertimbangkan beban kerja, persediaan tenaga kerja dan tingkat absensinya. Besarnya beban kerja berdasarkan metode workload analysis adalah 134,97 % untuk stasiun pengeleman, 133,45 % untuk stasiun rapair, 133,77 % untuk stasiun cold & hot press dan 98,40 % untuk stasiun pemotongan. Jumlah tenaga kerja optimal berdasarkan metode workload analysis dan work force analysis yaitu stasiun pengeleman 3 orang, stasiun rapair 12 orang, stasiun cold & hot press 3 orang, dan stasiun pemotongan tetap 4 orang. Jumlah tenaga kerja optimal departemen produksi yang dibutuhkan UD. Rizqi Hadi Putra adalah 22 orang.
Prediction and Analysis of Financial Volatility Based on Implied Volatility and GARCH Model
Authors: Lin Feng 
Published: November 2022

Based on the data information of Shanghai and Shenzhen CSI 300 stock index futures, the performance of the GARCH model and implied volatility prediction in different time periods were studied. This paper mainly discusses the volatility of index returns and uses Matlab and Minitab to measure the performance of the GARCH model and implied volatility model in volatility prediction, and then comments on the prediction results. The results show that the GARCH model has a good prediction effect in the short term, while the implied volatility has a good prediction power in the long term. Option prices can mirror market information in a more comprehensive way. As a result, implied volatility is more reasonable to predict future volatility.
Analysis of Huawei Corporation's Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Wang Yingyi 
Published: November 2022

Huawei Corporation has made outstanding contributions to the economy, environment and industry of China. At the same time it inevitably faces some difficulties and challenges. This article will conduct the following related research discussions. a. Huawei's enterprise outlook, staff situation and main operation projects. b. Two challenge cases from 2018 to 2021 and specific analysis of Huawei's corporate social responsibility: the social performance of employees and the protection of their rights and interests, as well as the challenges in the negotiation between Huawei and government agencies. c. The stakeholders' corresponding quadrant and salience diagrams.
Success of 14-day triple and quadruple therapy for the control of Helicobacter pylori infections in Kohat district
Authors: Shah Syed Fahim , Paracha Sohail Aziz , Ullah Waheed , Muhammad Iqbal , Iqbal Somaid , Gul Aisha , Hussain Mudassir , Ullah Hafiz , Zaman Sadir 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori is an important medical pathogen present in more than half of the world’s population. Various treatment regimen are in use for the eradication of H. pylori, but due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, its management is a big issue for clinicians.
Methods: In this study all suspected cases that had visited District Headquarters Hospital Kohat were considered for screening of H. pylori infections. Preliminary information about their age, gender, general health conditions, occupation, etc. was taken for consideration. After recording initial signs and symptoms, samples were considered for H. pylori detection using stool antigen test and endoscopy. Fourteen-day proton pump inhibitor base triple and quadruple therapy were administered to each patient.
Results: In total (n = 178), there were high numbers of positivity in patients aged below 30 years (82; 46.06%), most of whom belonged to rural areas.
Conclusion: This study concludes that there were high numbers of positive patients aged below 30 years, and according to this study MEL (Metronidazole + Esomeprazole + Levofloxacin) is the most effective treatment regimen for the eradication of H. pylori.
PERAN RELAWAN PALIATIF DALAM PERAWATAN PALIATIF PASIEN STROKE
Authors: MARWOKO TRIANANG 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Palliative care is a form of service that aims to improve the quality of life of patients and families from life-threatening diseases. With good knowledge, the role of volunteers in providing palliative care services to patients and their families will be better. This study aims to describe the role of palliative volunteers in the palliative care of stroke patients in Batu City. The population in this study are volunteers who are members of the membership. Determination of the number of samples used is purposive sampling which is determined and selected with certain considerations and goals. Methods of data collection through observation, documentation and interviews. The results showed that the role of volunteers in patient self-care, especially in meeting the basic needs of life, could improve the quality of life of patients. Through mentoring provided by volunteers, especially in counseling, it plays a very important role in reducing the level of patient anxiety so that patients no longer think about the cost of their care because the volunteers have sought assistance or sources of treatment funds.
HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DAN PERAWAT DENGAN MOTIVASI PASIEN KANKER KOLOREKTAL DALAM MENJALANI KEMOTERAPI
Authors: MUKHLIS AKHMAD 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Chemotherapy can cause physiological and psychological impacts that cause some patients to feel afraid to do chemotherapy, for this reason, family support and nurse support are needed so that colorectal cancer patients remain motivated to undergo chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between family support and nurse support on patient motivation to undergo chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients at Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang. The design used is a correlation study to study the relationship between the independent variables of family support and nurse support, the dependent variable is the motivation of patients undergoing chemotherapy. Data collection is a cross sectional study using an instrument in the form of a questionnaire. By using the purposive sampling technique, a sample of 40 people was obtained. The research was conducted at Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang. The results of the Rank Spearman correlation test show that there is a relationship between family support and motivation in colorectal cancer patients of 0.347 (p=0.028), the relationship is positive/unidirectional with moderate strength, the better the family support, the better the motivation of colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. With family support helps cancer patients to increase their confidence that they are accepted by their families, thus providing motivation to do chemotherapy regularly in order to recover. The results of the Rank Spearman correlation test showed that there was a relationship between nurse support and motivation in colorectal cancer patients of 0.490 (p=0.000), the relationship was positive/unidirectional with moderate strength, the better the nurse support, the better the motivation of colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Because with the support of nurses, it will increase the patient's knowledge about chemotherapy and healing, thereby increasing the patient's motivation to undergo chemotherapy.

Keywords: Colorectal cancer, chemotherapy, family support, nurse support, motivation
STUDI LITERATURE TENTANG HUBUNGAN STIGMA DIRI DENGAN PENERIMAAN DIRI PADA ODHA
Authors: MALO BILI MELKIANUS , DARAMATASIA WIRA , SOELISTYONINGSIH DWI 
Published: November 2022

Pendahuluan: Stigma merupakan fenomena yang sangat kuat yang terjadi di masyarakat dan erat kaitannya dengan nilai-nilai yang dianut oleh berbagai identitas sosial yang terkait. Penerimaan diri merupakan suatu kondisi dimana seseorang memiliki sikap positif terhadap dirinya sendiri, mengakui dan menerima berbagai kekurangan dan kelebihan yang dimilikinya serta mampu berpikir positif tentang kehidupan yang dijalaninya.
Tujuan penelitian: Studi Pustaka Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara stigma diri dengan penerimaan diri pada ODHA.
Metode penelitian: Literatur penelitian ini diperoleh dari 3 database yaitu science direct, pubmed dan googleschool. Cari artikel penelitian ilmiah dari tahun 2015-2020 menggunakan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Penelitian sebelumnya menggunakan desain cross sectional, deskriptif kuantitatif, deskriptif kualitatif dan pretest-posttest.
Hasil penelitian: Berdasarkan 10 literatur terkait stigma diri dan penerimaan diri (n = 10), ditemukan bahwa sebagian besar stigma yang dirasakan pada ODHA memiliki tingkat personalisasi stigma, sikap publik dan citra diri negatif yang rendah, sedangkan pengungkapan kekhawatiran memiliki tingkat yang tinggi. Sementara itu. tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan HIV dan AIDS, tingkat pendidikan dan terpaan media dengan stigma terhadap ODHA. Bekerja untuk kepentingan keluarga, intervensi di lingkungan pedesaan dan tempat kerja, serta dukungan sosial yang nyata diperlukan untuk meminimalkan stigma diri pada ODHA. Usia dan pendidikan mempengaruhi persepsi ODHA dan hasil positif untuk ODHA dan CFM terbukti bermanfaat karena ODHA merasa lebih didukung dan CFM menunjukkan kasih sayang yang lebih terhadap ODHA. Ada pengaruh antara penerimaan diri pada ODHA dengan kecerdasan emosional. Pengaruh positif dan negatif terhadap stres kerja karyawan hingga 37,8%. Partisipan yang merupakan mantan WPS (wanita pekerja seks) digambarkan dalam tiga tema dengan merasakan tekanan batin saat mengetahui dirinya positif HIV, memotivasi diri dan mendapatkan dukungan dari orang terdekatnya, serta menerima dan membuka statusnya sebagai ODHA. Cara ODHA memproses hasil positif penyakitnya dapat mempengaruhi keterlibatannya dalam pengobatan dan perawatan HIV/AID.
Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan 10 jurnal yang di-riview menunjukkan usia dan Pendidikan mempengaruhi persepsi ODHA dan CFM terbukti bermanfaat untuk menunjukkan lebih banyak kasih saying terhadap ODHA. Ada pengaruh antara penerimaan diri pada ODHA dengan kecerdasan emosional.