bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and Biological Evaluation of New Conjugates BODIPY: Dinuclear Trithiolato‐Bridged Ruthenium(II)‐Arene Complexes
Authors: Desiatkina Oksana , Boubaker Ghalia , Anghel Nicoleta , Amdouni Yosra , Hemphill Andrew , Furrer Julien , Păunescu Emilia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe synthesis, photophysical properties and antiparasitic efficacy against Toxoplasma gondii β‐gal (RH strain tachyzoites expressing β‐galactosidase) grown in human foreskin fibroblast monolayers (HFF) of a series of 15 new conjugates BODIPY‐trithiolato‐bridged dinuclear ruthenium(II)‐arene complexes are reported (BODIPY=4,4‐difluoro‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene, derivatives used as fluorescent markers). The influence of the bond type (amide vs. ester), as well as that of the length and nature (alkyl vs. aryl) of the spacer between the dye and the diruthenium(II) complex moiety, on fluorescence and biological activity were evaluated. The assessed photophysical properties revealed that despite an important fluorescence quenching effect observed after conjugating the BODIPY to the diruthenium unit, the hybrids could nevertheless be used as fluorescent tracers. Although the antiparasitic activity of this series of conjugates appears limited, the compounds demonstrate potential as fluorescent probes for investigating the intracellular trafficking of trithiolato‐bridged dinuclear Ru(II)‐arene complexes in vitro.
Quantification of Exchanged Copper Species in Cu‐Chabazite Zeolite using Cryogenic Probe Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Shao‐Chun , Abdulghani Abdullah Al , Lebrón‐Rodríguez Edgard A. , Lo Wei‐Shang , Zhu Haiyang , Moini Ahmad , Petrovic Ivan , Prasad Subramanian , Hermans Ive 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe development of a low temperature (−160 °C) NO adsorption technique is disclosed that avoids the chemical conversion of the probe molecule at room temperature. The observed IR peaks for Cu+(NO)2 and Cu2+(NO) species can be used to quantify the amount of exchanged copper species in a broad range of samples, including a wash‐coated honeycomb. Calibration curves for Cu+(NO)2 and Cu2+(NO) are determined for copper loadings up to 3.99 wt% with Silica‐to‐Alumina Ratio (SAR) of 16–22, and quantitative agreement with the complementary hydrogen Temperature Programmed Reduction (H2‐TPR) results is established. This methodology allows to identify different Cu species in Cu‐CHA, such as Z2Cu(II), Z1Cu(II)OH and Cu dimers, based on their distinct IR signatures. In addition, the perturbed T−O−T framework vibration – characterized at 400 °C – can also be used as a complimentary method to quantify Z2Cu(II) species.
Gram‐Scale mRNA Production Using a 250‐mL Single‐Use Bioreactor
Authors: Skok Janja , Megušar Polona , Vodopivec Tina , Pregeljc Domen , Mencin Nina , Korenč Matevž , Krušič Andreja , Celjar Anže Martinčič , Pavlin Nejc , Krušič Jana , Mueller Matthias , McHugh Kevin , Štrancar Aleš , Sekirnik Rok 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic triggered an unprecedented surge in development of mRNA‐based vaccines. Despite the need to increase process productivity and thus decrease the cost of mRNA vaccines, limited scientific literature is available on strategies to increase the yield of in vitro transcription (IVT) reaction, the unit operation with highest cost of goods, which has traditionally been performed as a batch reaction. Single‐use bioreactors are traditionally used for cell‐based production of biopharmaceuticals, but some core functionalities, such as controlled and automated feed addition, are potentially useful for cell‐free mRNA processes. We report the production of 2 g mRNA in an Ambr® 250 Modular bioreactor system with a starting volume of 100 mL, reaching a maximum mRNA concentration of 12 g L−1 by a fed‐batch IVT approach, and demonstrate the feasibility of continuous fed‐batch production, paving the way towards continuous manufacturing of mRNA.
Presence of higenamine in beetroot containing ‘foodstuffs’ and the implication for WADA‐relevant anti‐doping testing
Authors: Leaney Amy E. , Heath Jenna , Midforth Emma , Beck Paul , Brown Paul , Mawson Deborah H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigenamine is an alkaloid found within plant species including some that are used in traditional Asian and Chinese herbal medicines. Identified as having mixed mode adrenergic receptor activity, higenamine is present within some nutritional supplements marketed for stimulant and/or weight loss. Its inclusion within nutritional supplements can be via its natural presence within botanical ingredients or as a synthetic additive, often added in mg amounts. The World Anti‐doping Agency (WADA) prohibited list has contained higenamine since 2017 as banned at all times in the beta‐2 agonist (S3) category, with a reporting level of 10 ng/ml for the free parent form in urine. In this study, an investigation into the content of beetroot or beetroot‐containing foodstuffs and supplement products was conducted. Higenamine was confirmed as present within the majority of foodstuffs and supplements, with experimental evidence that higenamine can arise within beetroot extracts through heating. The results in this paper demonstrate the first reported evidence of a link between beetroot and this WADA prohibited substance. To investigate the link between intake and excretion, concentrated beetroot drinks were consumed by six individuals and higenamine quantified in their urine. Free higenamine was detected in the urine of all individuals, with maximum measured concentration in samples of less than 1% of the current WADA reporting limit. Although the risk of an inadvertent doping violation by consumption of the foodstuffs and products investigated in this study is low, beetroot as a source of higenamine should be considered by athletes.
Decision support for aquatic restoration based on species‐specific responses to disturbance
Authors: McKenna James E. , Riseng Catherine , Wehrly Kevin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDisturbances to aquatic habitats are not uniformly distributed within the Great Lakes and acute effects can be strongest in nearshore areas where both landscape and within lake effects can have strong influence. Furthermore, different fish species respond to disturbances in different ways. A means to identify and evaluate locations and extent of disturbances that affect fish is needed throughout the Great Lakes. We used partial Canonical Correspondence Analysis to separate “natural” effects on nearshore assemblages from disturbance effects. Species‐specific quadratic models of fish abundance as functions of in‐lake disturbance or watershed‐derived disturbance were developed separately for each of 35 species and lakewide predictions mapped for Lake Erie. Most responses were unimodal and more species decreased in abundance with increasing watershed disturbance than increased. However, eight species increased in abundance with current in‐lake disturbance conditions. Optimum Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) abundance occurred at in‐lake disturbance values less than the gradient mean, but decreased continuously from minimum watershed disturbance to higher values. Bands of optimum in‐lake conditions occurred throughout the eastern and western portions of the Lake Erie nearshore zone; some areas were less disturbed than desirable. However, watershed‐derived disturbance conditions were generally poor for Yellow Perch throughout the lake. In contrast, optimum Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu) abundance occurred at in‐lake disturbance values greater than the gradient mean and continuously increased with increasing watershed disturbance. Smallmouth Bass responses to disturbance indicated that most of the nearshore zone was less disturbed than is desirable and were most abundant in areas that the Yellow Perch response indicated were highly disturbed. Mapping counts of species response models that agreed on the disturbance level in each spatial unit of the nearshore zone showed a fine‐scale mosaic of areas in which habitat restoration may benefit many or few species. This tool may assist managers in prioritizing conservation and restoration efforts and evaluating environmental conditions that may be improved.
HDAC4 depletion ameliorates IL‐13‐triggered inflammatory response and mucus production in nasal epithelial cells via activation of SIRT1/NF‐κB signaling
Authors: Xu Hangyu , Wang Lingjun , Chen Huaqun , Cai Hefei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionAllergic rhinitis (AR) is frequently known as a chronic respiratory disease with a global high prevalence. The pivotal roles of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) in multiple human diseases have been underlined by numerous studies. Nevertheless, whether HDAC4 is implicated in AR remains to be elaborated. The objective of the current study is to clarify the impacts of HDAC4 on AR.MethodsFirst, human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) were pretreated by interleukin‐13 (IL‐13). HDAC4 expression in hNECs with the presence or absence of IL‐13 treatment was tested by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and western blot. Following, after HDAC4 was depleted, levels of histamine, Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and inflammatory factors were analyzed by ELISA assay. Then, Mucin‐5AC (MUC5AC) expression was examined through RT‐qPCR, western blot, and IF assay. Western blot was to analyze the expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/nuclear factor‐kappaB (NF‐κB) signaling‐related proteins. After IL‐13‐induced hNECs were cotransfected with HDAC4 interference plasmids and SIRT1 inhibitor EX527, the functional experiments above were conducted again.ResultsThe experimental data in this study presented that HDAC4 expression was increased in IL‐13‐induced hNECs. Silencing of HDAC4 cut down the levels of histamine, IgE and inflammatory factors and the expression of MUC5AC. Additionally, knockdown of HDAC4 led to the activation of SIRT1/NF‐κB signaling. Further, the downregulated levels of histamine, IgE and inflammatory factors and the expression of MUC5AC imposed by HDAC4 interference were all reversed by EX527.ConclusionsIn short, HDAC4 inhibition activated SIRT1/NF‐κB signaling to mitigate inflammatory response and mucus production in IL‐13‐treated nasal epithelial cells in AR.
MicroRNA‐582‐5p targeting Creb1 modulates apoptosis in cardiomyocytes hypoxia/reperfusion‐induced injury
Authors: Niu Rui‐Ze , Wang Lu‐Qiao , Yang Wei , Sun Li‐Zhong , Tao Jie , Sun Huang , Mei Song , Wang Wen‐Jie , Feng Ke‐Xiang , Qian Dian‐Lun , Bai Xiang‐Feng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundMyocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (MIRI) caused by the reperfusion therapy of myocardial ischemic diseases is a kind of major disease that threatens human health and lives severely. There are lacking of effective therapeutic measures for MIRI. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are abundant in mammalian species and play a critical role in the initiation, promotion, and progression of MIRI. However, the biological role and molecular mechanism of miRNAs in MIRI are not entirely clear.MethodsWe used bioinformatics analysis to uncover the significantly different miRNA by analyzing transcriptome sequencing data from myocardial tissue in the mouse MIRI model. Multiple miRNA‐related databases, including miRdb, PicTar, and TargetScan were used to forecast the downstream target genes of the differentially expressed miRNA. Then, the experimental models, including male C57BL/6J mice and HL‐1 cell line, were used for subsequent experiments including quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis, western blot analysis, hematoxylin and eosin staining, flow cytometry, luciferase assay, gene interference, and overexpression.ResultsMiR‐582‐5p was found to be differentially upregulated from the transcriptome sequencing data. The elevated levels of miR‐582‐5p were verified in MIRI mice and hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R)‐induced HL‐1 cells. Functional experiments revealed that miR‐582‐5p promoted apoptosis of H/R‐induced HL‐1 cells via downregulating cAMP‐response element‐binding protein 1 (Creb1). The inhibiting action of miR‐582‐5p inhibitor on H/R‐induced apoptosis was partially reversed after Creb1 interference.ConclusionsCollectively, the research findings reported that upregulation of miR‐582‐5p promoted H/R‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting Creb1. The potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting miR‐582‐5p and Creb1 could be beneficial for the MIRI treatment.
Association of asthma and herpes zoster, the role of vaccination: A literature review
Authors: Shrestha Abhigan Babu , Umar Tungki Pratama , Mohammed Yasmine Adel , Aryal Manjil , Shrestha Sajina , Sapkota Unnat Hamal , Adhikari Lukash , Shrestha Shumneva 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHerpes Zoster (HZ) is the reactivation of a previous infection with varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) which shares the same mode of transmission as HZ. It presents with painful erythematous vesicles in a dermatome which is characterized by a burning sensation before and after the rash. Any conditions with suppressed cellular immunity example diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, cardiovascular diseases, chronic steroid uses, malignancy, etc. causes reactivation of the virus. Impaired immune responses in asthma patients either in any age group may increase their susceptibility to HZ infection owing to skewed Th1/Th2 immunity, resulting in predominant Th2 conditions and an unwarranted Th2 cell response against respiratory allergens. Similarly, many studies have delineated the association of asthma with HZ. However, the relation between steroid use in asthma and HZ is uncertain, its immunosuppressive effect might be responsible for increased susceptibility to the infection. As HZ increases the economic burden and morbidity, its prevention should use vaccines. There are two types of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved vaccine available against HSV one of which is given as a single dose vaccine called Zostavax, for people 50–59 years but its efficacy falls after 3rd dose and on the subsequent 4th dose and is also contraindicated in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, pregnancy and people taking immunosuppressive drugs. Shingrix is preferred by FDA which is a two doses vaccine that is given 6 months apart for people above 50 years and to immunocompromised people. Hence, proper counseling and education about the risks of herpes should be informed to the patients with timely utilization of the vaccine.
Symptomatology, prognosis, and clinical findings of Monkeypox infected patients during COVID‐19 era: A systematic‐review
Authors: Jaiswal Vikash , Nain Priyanshu , Mukherjee Dattatreya , Joshi Amey , Savaliya Mittal , Ishak Angela , Batra Nitya , Maroo Dipansha , Verma Deepak 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe recent outbreak of Human Monkeypox (MPXV) in nonendemic regions of the world is of great concern.ObjectiveWe aimed to systematically analyze the current epidemiology, clinical presentation, and outcomes of the Monkeypox virus.MethodSystematic literature was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Scopus using predefined MESH terms by using “AND” and “OR.” The following search terms were used: Monkeypox [MeSH] OR “Monkeypox virus” [MeSH] OR “POX” OR “Monkeypox” AND “Outbreak” AND “Outcomes” from December 2019 till 14th June 2022 without restrictions of language.ResultsA total of 1074 (99.90%) patients tested positive for Monkeypox virus through RT‐PCR while 1 (0.09) patient was suspected. There was a gender difference with male predominance (54.23% vs. 45.48%) compared with female patients. Mean age (±SD) of patients was 20.66 ± 16.45 years. The major symptoms were rash (100%), fever (96%), and other important symptoms were upper respiratory symptoms (97%), headache (95%), vomiting (95%), oral ulcers (96%), conjunctivitis (96%) and lymphadenopathy (85%). The average mean duration of treatment was 5 days, while the mean hospitalization duration was 13.3 ± 6.37 days. The outcome of 20 patients was available, 19 of 20 patients recovered fully from monkeypox, however, 1 patient was not able to survive resulting in death.ConclusionThe recent monkeypox virus outbreak has shown that the virus could transmit in ways that were not previously expected. Further research is needed to understand the possible outcomes and association with humans and their different organ systems.
The role of imaging in infective endocarditis
Authors: Ivanovic Branislava , Popovic Jovana , Dukic Djordje , Petkovic Ana , Petrovic Olga 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInfective endocarditis (IE) poses a large diagnostic and therapeutical challenge. An early diagnosis is necessary for a positive outcome. Echocardiography is initial diagnostic method when there is a possibility of IE presence. TTE and TEE are useful in detection, accurate localisation and estimation of vegetation size, and also in detection of paravalvular spreading of infection. In certain situations, there is a need for usage of complementary methods like CCT and nuclear techniques. This article will outline advantages and limitations of certain diagnostic methods in diagnosis of IE.
Comparative study on changes in Cd accumulation and ionome between rice and spinach: Impact of zinc ion activity
Authors: Wang Meie , Ma Wankai , Chaney Rufus L. , Green Carrie E. , Chen Weiping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExcessive Cd accumulation in rice grain has caused chronic Cd diseases in humans. In most crops, 100 times more Zn than Cd strongly inhibits Cd uptake and translocation. However, this response is not found for rice (Oryza sativa L.), which was found to have an unusual Cd uptake pattern compared with other crops, such as spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Moreover, studies on shared transporters between Zn and Cd using normal solution experiments with traditional high concentrations of metal ions may result in irrelevant interactions. Therefore, we developed ethyleneglycoltetraacetate‐buffered nutrient solutions in this work. Rice and spinach seedlings were grown under calibrated low Cd2+ activity and low to phytotoxic Zn2+ activity levels while buffering other micronutrient cations at sufficient levels. Results showed that as rice grew with pZn2+ = 8.1–5.4, root Cd and shoot Ni decreased significantly and gradually. However, shoot Cd and Mn in rice decreased slightly with the increase of solution Zn2+ from deficiency to sufficiency and then increased at toxic Zn2+ solution (pZn2+ = 5.4). The shoot/root ratios of Cd in rice under toxic pZn2+ (5.6 and 5.4 pZn2+ activity) were significantly increased (p < .05). It could be concluded that rice absorption of Cd is not inhibited by co‐contaminating (toxic) Zn. For spinach, with Zn varying from pZn2+ = 8.1–5.7, both shoot and root Cd substantially decreased, as did shoot Ni. This work revealed that, to understand food chain Cd risks, one needs to consider the inhibitory role of Zn in limiting Cd absorption in all crops studied except rice.
Attention‐based Deep Learning for the Preoperative Differentiation of Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer on DCE‐MRI
Authors: Gao Jing , Zhong Xin , Li Wenjuan , Li Qin , Shao Huafei , Wang Zhongyi , Dai Yi , Ma Heng , Shi Yinghong , Zhang Han , Duan Shaofeng , Zhang Kun , Yang Ping , Zhao Feng , Zhang Haicheng , Xie Haizhu , Mao Ning 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundPrevious studies have explored the potential on radiomics features of primary breast cancer tumor to identify axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis. However, the value of deep learning (DL) to identify ALN metastasis remains unclear.PurposeTo investigate the potential of the proposed attention‐based DL model for the preoperative differentiation of ALN metastasis in breast cancer on dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI).Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 941 breast cancer patients who underwent DCE‐MRI before surgery were included in the training (742 patients), internal test (83 patients), and external test (116 patients) cohorts.Field Strength/SequenceA 3.0 TMRscanner,DCE‐MRIsequence.AssessmentA DL model containing a 3D deep residual network (ResNet) architecture and a convolutional block attention module, named RCNet, was proposed for ALN metastasis identification. Three RCNet models were established based on the tumor, ALN, and combined tumor‐ALN regions on the images. The performance of these models was compared with ResNet models, radiomics models, the Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) model, and three radiologists (W.L., H.S., and F. L.).Statistical TestsDice similarity coefficient for breast tumor and ALN segmentation. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, intercorrelation and intracorrelation coefficients, area under the curve (AUC), and Delong test for ALN classification.ResultsThe optimal RCNet model, that is, RCNet−tumor+ALN, achieved an AUC of 0.907, an accuracy of 0.831, a sensitivity of 0.824, and a specificity of 0.837 in the internal test cohort, as well as an AUC of 0.852, an accuracy of 0.828, a sensitivity of 0.792, and a specificity of 0.853 in the external test cohort. Additionally, with the assistance of RCNet−tumor+ALN, the radiologists' performance was improved (external test cohort,P < 0.05).Data ConclusionDCE‐MRI‐based RCNet model could provide a noninvasive auxiliary tool to identify ALN metastasis preoperatively in breast cancer, which may assist radiologists in conducting more accurate evaluation of ALN status.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Kidneys: Effects of Regional, Side, and Hydration Variations on Functional Quantifications
Authors: Chen Jie , Zhang Zhen , Liu Juan , Li Chengjie , Yin Meng , Nie Lisha , Song Bin 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundTo standardize renal functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it is important to understand the influence of side‐to‐side variation, regional variation within the organ, and hydration states in MRI and to search for variables that are not affected by those variations.PurposeTo assess MRI‐based biomarkers for characterizing the kidney in healthy volunteers while considering variations in anatomic factors and hydration states.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsTwenty‐five healthy volunteers (15 females and 10 males, median age 25 years).Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion‐weighted imaging, arterial spinning labeling imaging, blood oxygenation level dependent imaging, and three‐dimensional MR elastography.AssessmentFunctional variables were measured before and after water challenge. Regions of interest were manually drawn by two investigators (JC and ZZ, with 8‐ and 5‐year experiences in abdominal radiology) in the cortex, the medulla, and the entire kidney. The medulla/cortex ratio was calculated.Statistical TestsPaired t‐test or Wilcoxon signed rank test; interobserver correlation coefficient; repeatability coefficients; Spearman's correlation; significance level: P < 0.05.ResultsDiffusion parameters were only subject to regional variation. R2*, RBF, and renal stiffness (RS) showed regional variation, side variation, and dependence on hydration states. For each side and hydration state, the cortex showed significantly higher standard apparent diffusion coefficient (sADC), higher true diffusion (D), lower R2*, and lower RS than the medulla. For each region at baseline, the left kidney showed significantly higher R2*, higher RS, and lower renal blood flow (RBF) than the right kidney. For each region and side, RS and RBF increased significantly while R2* decreased significantly after water intake. After introducing the intrinsic regional difference, significantly higher medulla/cortex ratio of RS remained after water intake except for RS@90 Hz in the right kidney.Data ConclusionRenal multiparametric MRI quantifications were affected by regional variation, side variation, and hydration states.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 1