bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryptococcosis among hospitalised patients with COVID‐19: A multicentre research network study
Authors: Chastain Daniel B. , Kung Vanessa M. , Golpayegany Sahand , Jackson Brittany T. , Franco‐Paredes Carlos , Vargas Barahona Lilian , Thompson George R. , Henao‐Martínez Andrés F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt is unclear if there is an association between COVID‐19 and cryptococcosis. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the clinical features, risk factors, and outcomes associated with cryptococcosis in hospitalised patients with COVID‐19. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of and examine factors associated with cryptococcosis after a diagnosis of COVID‐19. We used TriNetX to identify and sort patients 18 years and older hospitalised with COVID‐19 into two cohorts based on the presence or absence of a diagnosis of cryptococcosis following diagnosis of COVID‐19. Outcomes of interest included the incidence of cryptococcosis following the diagnosis of COVID‐19 as well as the proportion of patients in each group who had underlying comorbidities, received immunomodulatory therapy, required ICU admission or mechanical ventilation (MV), or died. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for confounding. Among 212,479 hospitalised patients with COVID‐19, 65 developed cryptococcosis. The incidence of cryptococcosis following COVID‐19 was 0.022%. Patients with cryptococcosis were more likely to be male and have underlying comorbidities. Among cases, 32% were people with HIV. Patients with cryptococcosis were more likely to have received tocilizumab (p < .0001) or baricitinib (p < .0001), but not dexamethasone (p = .0840). ICU admission (38% vs 29%), MV (23% vs 11%), and mortality (36% vs 14%) were significantly higher among patients with cryptococcosis. Mortality remained elevated after adjusted propensity score matching. Cryptococcosis occurred most often in hospitalised patients with COVID‐19 who had traditional risk factors, comparable to findings in patients without COVID‐19. Cryptococcosis was associated with increased ICU admission, MV, and mortality.
Effects of diabetes mellitus on dental pulp: A systematic review of in vivo and in vitro studies
Authors: Pimenta Rafaella Milla Nunes , dos Reis‐Prado Alexandre Henrique , de Castro Oliveira Sabrina , Goto Juliana , Cosme‐Silva Leopoldo , Cintra Luciano Tavares Angelo , Benetti Francine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42021227711) evaluated the influence of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the response of the pulp tissue and in the pulp cells behaviour.Materials and MethodsSearches in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and OpenGrey were performed until March 2022. Studies evaluating the effects of DM in the pulp tissue inflammation and in the cell behaviour were included, followed by risk of bias assessment (Methodological Index for Non‐Randomized Studies and SYRCLE's RoB tools). The meta‐analysis was unfeasible, and a narrative synthesis for each outcome was provided.ResultsOf the 615 studies, 21 were eligible, mainly with in vivo analysis (16 studies). The pulp inflammation (10 studies) was analysed mainly by haematoxylin–eosin stain; DM increased pulp inflammation/degeneration in 9 studies, especially after dental procedures. The cell viability (5 studies) was analysed mostly using MTT assay; DM and glycating agents decreased cellular viability in 3 studies. DM reduced collagen in all of three studies. There were controversial results regarding mineralization; however, increased alkaline phosphatase was reported in three of four studies.ConclusionsDM seems to increase inflammation/degeneration and mineralization in the pulp tissue while reducing cell proliferation. Further analyses in human pulp are important to provide stronger evidence.
Comparison of compliance with care procedures performed by orthokeratology wearers and their parents and factors affecting compliance
Authors: Yang Bi , Liu Longqian , Cho Pauline 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeTo compare the levels of compliance with care routines of orthokeratology (ortho‐k) wearers and their parents and to identify factors affecting compliance in a hospital setting in Chengdu, China.MethodsPatients who had worn ortho‐k lenses for at least one month were invited to participate in a survey on compliance. Wearers or their parents were required to complete a questionnaire to determine their compliance with hand hygiene, ortho‐k lenses and accessory care procedures.ResultsA total of 200 wearers, 78 male wearers and 122 female wearers, median age 12 (range 8–18) years were enrolled. Except for use of lens solution, the percentage of participants reporting total compliance with all procedures did not differ significantly between lens wearers and their parents. However, compliance for some items was significantly higher when performed by parents p < 0.001–0.01). ‘Eye care practitioner provided instructions’ was a significant protective factor for most procedures (p < 0.001–0.04). Age and sex were significant risk factors for some items (p < 0.001–0.04; p = 0.03–0.04, respectively), with girls having higher compliance than boys. ‘Parental supervision’ was a significant protective factor for some items (p = 0.02–0.04) when wearers performed the procedures themselves. When parents performed lens care procedures, only ‘eye care practitioner provided instructions’ was a significant variable (p = 0.001–0.04).ConclusionSome degree of non‐compliance was noted in the majority of ortho‐k wearers, particularly for the care of the lens case and suction holder. Compliance with care of some items was higher when performed by parents. Regular reinforcement of care procedures by practitioners is important, especially for older and male lens wearers. Parental supervision is necessary when children perform lens care procedures themselves, even for older wearers.
A Novel Method for Preoperative Positioning of Total Ankle Replacement Using 3D Digital Model
Authors: Wu Shi‐xun , Liu Shi‐zhang , Ling Ming , Che Yan‐hui , Tian Xin , Duan Xiang‐long , Yi Zhi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo establish a digital model of the ankle joint through 3D imaging technology and explore the preoperative placement of ankle replacement prostheses.MethodsComputed tomography images of intact ankle joints from 54 cases in the outpatient and inpatient departments of our hospital were collected; according to the INBONE® total ankle system surgery process, the surgery model and surgical osteotomy were finished using MIMICS based on computer simulation method. The shortest distance was measured between the center point and the anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral, respectively, to ensure the precise position of the ankle replacement prosthesis by digital simulation surgery. The relationship between the two variables was analyzed by bivariate correlation analysis.ResultsThe dataset of this study included 48 cases of the sub‐data set (26 males and 22 females) and included 27 cases of left ankle and 21 cases of right ankle. The average medial malleolar angle was 18.67°± 2.87°, the average amount of bone resection was 12.13 ± 1.86 cm3, the mid‐anterior distance was 1.72 ± 0.19 cm, the mid‐posterior distance was 2.00 ± 0.19 cm, the ratio of mid‐anterior to mid‐posterior was 0.87, the mid‐medial distance was 1.26 ± 0.17 cm, the mid‐lateral distance was 1.19 ± 0.16 cm, and the ratio of mid‐medial to mid‐lateral was 1.06. After osteotomy, the anteroposterior diameter was 3.73 ± 0.32 cm, the transverse diameter was 2.46 ± 0.27 cm, and the ratio of anteroposterior diameter to transverse diameter was 1.53. In the bottom view, the shape after osteotomy is rectangular. The mid‐anterior distance was strongly negatively correlated with age, the mid‐anterior distance and the amount of bone resection, the mid‐medial distance and the amount of bone resection, the mid‐lateral distance and the amount of bone resection, the mid‐lateral distance and the anteroposterior diameter, the anteroposterior diameter and the transverse diameter were all strongly positively correlated.ConclusionThe projection point of the lower tibia centerline on the tibial horizontal osteotomy surface is located at a position slightly anterior to the midpoint of the transverse diameter after ankle arthroplasty. The rational positioning of the total ankle replacement is located at both a position slightly anterior to the midpoint of the transverse diameter and midpoint of the anteroposterior diameter, which can be used as a reference method before total ankle arthroplasty surgery.
One year outcomes of atrial fibrillation ablation: Contemporary analysis of the United States Nationwide Readmission Database
Authors: Wu Lingling , Narasimhan Bharat , Bhatia Kirtipal , Wu Ellen , Li Pengyang , Ho Kam S , Shah Arti N. , Kantharia Bharat K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundData on long‐term outcomes of catheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) in outside of clinical trials settings are sparse.ObjectiveWe aimed to assess outcomes and readmissions at 1 year following admission for CA for AF.MethodsUtilizing the Nationwide Readmissions Database (2016–2018), we identified patients with CA among all patients with a primary admission diagnosis of AF, and a control group by propensity score match adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, CHA₂DS₂‐VASc scores, and the hospital characteristics. The primary outcome was a composite of unplanned heart failure (HF), AF and stroke‐related readmissions, and death at 1 year, and secondary outcomes were hospital outcomes and all‐cause readmission rates.ResultsThe study cohort consisted of 29,771 patients undergoing CA and 63,988 controls. Patients undergoing CA were younger with lower CHA₂DS₂‐VASc scores and less comorbidities. Over a follow‐up of 170 ±1.1 days, the primary outcome occurred in 5.2% in CA group and 6.0% of controls (hazard ratio [HR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86 [0.76–0.94], p = .002). CA affected AF and stroke related readmission, but showed no effect on HF and mortality outcome. Male sex (HR: 0.83 [0.74–0.94], p = .03), younger age (HR: 0.71 [0.61–0.83], p < .001], and lower CHA₂DS₂‐VASc scores (HR: 0.68 [0.55–0.84], p < .001) were associated with lower risk of primary outcome with CA.ConclusionIn this study, CA for AF was associated with significantly lower AF and stroke‐related admissions, but not to HF or all‐cause readmission. Better outcomes were seen among males, younger patients, and in patients with less comorbidities and low CHA₂DS₂‐VASc scores.
Rituximab as induction therapy in pediatric kidney transplantation: A single‐center experience in four patients
Authors: Bernard Josselin , Sellier‐Leclerc Anne‐Laure , Demède Delphine , Chamouard Valérie , Ranchin Bruno , Bacchetta Justine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe anti‐CD20 rituximab is often used in the treatment of children with steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome or EBV‐induced post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. This single‐center series reports the use of rituximab as induction therapy in pediatric kidney transplantation.MethodsFour children who received rituximab as induction therapy for kidney transplantation since 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical and laboratory data were extracted from medical records.ResultsThe patients (2 boys and 2 girls) were aged from 6.1 to 11.9 years and were treated with rituximab on the day of the transplantation procedure; all the transplants came from deceased donors. In all patients, rituximab was used because of positive EBV viral loads before kidney transplantation. Viral loads remained undetectable for the first 6 months after the transplantation procedure and remained below the 4.5 log threshold thereafter. After a median follow‐up of 2.3 years, none of the patients displayed rejection or de novo donor‐specific antibodies; the glomerular filtration rate remained above 70 ml/min/1.73 m2. No post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder was observed.ConclusionThe results suggest that rituximab can be used as induction therapy to prevent EBV replication and its complications in case of positive viral load prior to kidney transplantation.
The interactions between Al‐/Fe‐(hydr)oxides and soil organic carbon mediate the aggregation of yellow soils
Authors: Di Xinyue , Xiao Baohua , Tang Haiming , An Xianjin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSoil aggregates are essential for improving soil permeability and reducing soil erosion. Still, in high oxide soils, the roles of soil organic carbon (SOC) and Al‐/Fe‐(hydr)oxide in soil aggregation are unclear, which limits our ability to predict how soil aggregation responds to soil management and climate change. In this study, soil samples were collected from three depths of a yellow soil profile (0–12 cm, 12–24 cm and 24–36 cm) and fractionated into aggregates by wet sieving. Organic carbon (OC) and Al‐/Fe‐(hydr)oxide contents of aggregates were determined. We found that the relationships of OC and Al‐/Fe‐(hydr)oxide to aggregate size were depth‐dependent. OC concentrations increased and decreased at 0–12 cm and 24–36 cm depth soils, respectively, as aggregate size decreased. The OC/(Fe + Al) ratios of aggregates suggest that organic carbon will form multi‐layer and mono‐layer coatings on Al‐/Fe‐(hydr)oxide in the 0–12 cm and 24–36 cm depth soils, respectively. This leads to steric hindrances of OC and electrostatic repulsion of Al‐/Fe‐(hydr)oxide at two depths, respectively, and further influenced the aggregation. Based on these findings, we proposed a mechanism in which aggregates are formed by OC and Al‐/Fe‐(hydr)oxide association with the appropriate OC/(Fe + Al) ratio. This mechanism focuses on the role of the OC/(Fe + Al) ratio mediated in soil aggregation. It can account for the inconsistent responses of aggregation and SOC sequestration to exogenous OC addition in field experiments. Further studies are needed and will be helpful to calculate the dose of organic application for formulating healthy and sustainable soil management.
Antibiotics and the transplant patient: The good, the bad, and the ugly
Authors: Silverstein Amy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs a heart transplant recipient for 34 years, I have been asked to write an experience‐based opinion on antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs) in the transplant setting. The aim of this piece is to provide real‐life examples—the good, the bad, and the ugly—to help contextualize the potential impact of an effective transplant‐specific ASP model. The exigency of transplant ASPs is illuminated, and suggested changes that can help patients right away are provided.
Racial differences in red blood cell transfusion in hospitalized patients with anemia
Authors: Prochaska Micah , Salcedo Jorge , Berry Grace , Meltzer David 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines recommend transfusion of red blood cells (RBC's) when a hospitalized patient's hemoglobin (Hb) drops below a restrictive transfusion threshold, either at 7 or 8 g. Hospitals have implemented transfusion policies to encourage compliance with guidelines and reduce variation in transfusion practice. However, variation in transfusion practice remains. The purpose of this study was to examine whether there is variation in the receipt of transfusion by patient race.MethodsHospitalized general medicine patients with anemia (Hb < 10 g/dL) were eligible. Chi‐squared tests were used to compare the percent of patients receiving a transfusion by race overall and within strata of their nadir Hb. Linear regression was used to test the association between a patient's race, their nadir Hb, receipt of an RBC transfusion, and the number of units transfused.ResultsFour thousand nine hundred and fifty‐one patients consented, including 1363 (28%) who received a transfusion. 71% of patients were African American, 25% were White, and 4% were Other Race. Overall African Americans were less likely to be transfused compared to Whites (25% vs. 30%, p < .01), and within Hb strata below a Nadir Hb of 9 g/dL (Hb 8.0–8.9 g/dL 1% vs. 7%, p < .01; 7.0–7.9 g/dL 15% vs. 28%, p < .01; <7 g/dL 80% vs. 86%, p < .01). African Americans also received fewer units of RBC's (β = −.17, p < .01) overall and at lower Hb levels (β = .14, p < .01) compared to Whites.DiscussionThe Hb level at which patients are transfused at and the total number of RBC units received during hospitalization differ by patient race.
Mechanism Analysis of Falling Film Evaporation Two-Phase Flow in Narrow Channels
Authors: Guo Lei , Hu Jing , Zhang Shusheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
As an efficient heat and mass transfer technology, falling film evaporation has attracted more and more scholars' attention. In this paper, a falling film evaporation platform was established to discuss the mechanism of two-phase flow in narrow channels. The width of the channel varied from 0.5 to 2.0 mm. We focused on the relationship between heat transfer characteristics with flow patterns, channel width, and pressure loss. Three kinds of flow patterns were observed: bubble flow, restricted bubble flow, and dry area. In channels with the same width, the initial heat flux of subcooled evaporation increased linearly with the growth of flow rate. But at the same flow rate, the initial heat flux of subcooled evaporation decreased when the channel width became larger. The heat transfer coefficient on the wall was influenced by the bubble generation frequency and bubble separation diameter. Higher bubble generation frequency led to smaller bubble separation diameter. Through mathematical analysis, it was found that the heat transfer coefficient changed with the channel size. And a boundary was observed between the strengthening and weakening status. The comparison of theoretical and experimental values showed good agreement.
A Modular Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Compatible Pipette Simulator to Evaluate How Design Affects the Basilar Thumb Joint Mechanics
Authors: Norton Nolan M. , Fischer Kenneth J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
People who frequently use micropipettes experience hand and upper limb disorders. The basilar thumb joint, also known as the first carpometacarpal or trapeziometacarpal joint, is commonly affected by osteoarthritis (OA). Mechanical factors are associated with OA initiation and progression. We developed a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible modular micropipette simulator to improve understanding of how micropipette design affects basilar thumb joint contact mechanics. The micropipette simulator also addresses limitations of current techniques for studying pipetting and basilar thumb joint mechanics. Its modularity will allow future studies to examine handle design parameters such as handle diameter, cross-sectional shape, and other features. A micropipette simulator with a cylindrical handle (length 127 mm, diameter 25 mm) was used with one subject to demonstrate the system's feasibility. Contact areas were within the range of prior data from basilar thumb joint models in power grasp and lateral pinch, and contact pressures were the same order of magnitude.
A Three-Section Subnanosecond Electron Accelerator
Authors: Tarasenko V. F. , Alekseev S. B. , Baksht E. Kh. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract—
The design of a subnanosecond accelerator composed of three sections and a gas-filled diode and results of its testing are presented. The three sections of the accelerator are a double forming line, a ferrite line, and a line with a variable wave impedance. A beam current amplitude of ≈2.7 kA has been measured behind the anode foil at a pulse width at half-maximum of ≈370 ps. Using this accelerator and a standard spectrometer, Cherenkov radiation and pulsed cathodoluminescence have been investigated in KU-1 fused silica, polymethyl methacrylate, and KBr crystal samples.
Preoperative Nutritional Status and Risk Factors Associated with Delayed Discharge in Geriatric Patients Undergoing Gastrectomy: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhao Xining , Liu Jie , Wang Ying , Yang Yuying , Pan Yan , Ge Shengjin 
Published: June 2022

Objective. Preoperative malnutrition is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications and survival for gastric cancer patients. The study is aimed at investigating the prevalence of malnutrition, perioperative nutritional support, and the risk factors associated with delayed discharge of geriatric patients undergoing gastrectomy. Methods. A retrospective study of gastric cancer patients (

age
≥
65

) who underwent gastrectomy at Zhongshan Hospital from January 2018 to May 2020 was conducted. Clinical data, including demographic information, medical history, surgery-related factors, and perioperative nutritional management, were collected and analyzed. Postoperative complications were assessed according to the Clavien-Dindo grading system, and the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) was calculated. The risk factors affecting the prolongation of postoperative hospital stay were analyzed. Results. A total of 783 patients were reviewed. The overall frequency of malnutrition was 31.3% (249/783). The albumin, prealbumin, and hemoglobin levels were lower in the malnutrition group than in the well-nourished group. The proportion of patients who received preoperative total parenteral nutritional support in the malnutrition group was significantly higher than in the well-nourished group (12.4% vs. 3.7%,

P
<
0.001

). All patients received postoperative parenteral nutrition (PN); the proportion of patients who received total nutrient admixture (TNA) in the malnutrition group was lower than in the well-nourished group (22.1% vs. 33.5%,

P
=
0.001

). No significant difference was found in the duration of postoperative nutrition between groups (

P
>
0.05

). The malnutrition group was associated with a higher rate of postoperative complications (

P
<
0.001

). Univariate and multivariate regressions revealed that

age
>
70

years (

OR
=
1.216

, 95% CI 1.048-1.411,

P
=
0.010

), operation

time
>
180

min (

OR
=
1.431

, 95% CI 1.237-1.656,

P
<
0.001

),

PNI
<
44.5

(

OR
=
1.792

, 95% CI 1.058-3.032,

P
=
0.030

), and postoperative complications (

OR
=
2.191

, 95% CI 1.604-2.991,

P
<
0.001

) were significant risk factors associated with delayed discharge. Conclusion. Malnutrition is relatively common in elderly patients undergoing gastrectomy. Advanced age, duration of surgery, lower levels of PNI, and postoperative complications were risk factors associated with delay discharge. Elderly gastric cancer patients with risk factors urgently require specific attention for reducing hospital stay.