bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial grass in parks as a potential new threat for urban bird communities
Authors: Sánchez-Sotomayor David , Martín-Higuera Antonio , Gil-Delgado José A , Gálvez Ángel , Bernat-Ponce Edgar 
Published: July 2022

Summary
Green areas are key habitats for urban avifauna. Urban parks stand out from other anthropic habitats especially in providing trophic resources for many bird species. Consequently, modifications of these green zones can imply major changes in urban biodiversity. Potential pernicious urban remodelling is taking place in parks of eastern Spain because natural grass is being replaced with artificial grass to save water and to avoid management. This study aimed to determine whether remodelled parks with artificial grass harbour lower avian diversity (alpha, beta and gamma diversity) than traditional parks with natural grass. We surveyed 21 parks with artificial grass and 24 parks with natural grass in 18 towns of the Valencia Region in autumn 2020. In each park, we carried out 5-minute and 25-m radius point counts for determining bird species and their abundance. The effects of park area and grass type on alpha diversity (species richness, Shannon diversity index, Pielou’s Evenness and total abundance) were tested by means of GLMs. Differences in beta diversity and its components (nestedness and turnover) were also analyzed with the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index. Gamma diversity was assessed by means of species accumulation curves. Finally, differences in community composition were tested by PERMANOVA and SIMPER tests. The parks with natural grass always harboured higher gamma diversity, species richness and abundance. Turnover was higher in parks with natural grass, whereas nestedness was higher in artificial grass parks. Differences in community composition were due mainly to abundance differences in common ground-feeding birds. We highlight that the trend of replacing natural by artificial grass in urban parks has harmful effects on urban bird communities and is a threat to bird conservation. Although artificial grass might save water, the effects on urban biodiversity should be carefully evaluated.
THE LAW'S AVERSION TO NAKED STATISTICS AND OTHER MISTAKES
Authors: Allen Ronald J. , Smiciklas Christopher K. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTA vast literature has developed probing the law's aversion to statistical/probability evidence in general and its rejection of naked statistical evidence in particular. This literature rests on false premises. At least so far as US law is concerned, there is no general aversion to statistical forms of proof and even naked statistics are admissible and sufficient for a verdict when the evidentiary proffer meets the normal standards of admissibility, the most important of which is reliability. The belief to the contrary rests upon a series of mistakes: most importantly, mismodeling of the structure of legal systems and the nature of common law decision making. Contributing to these mistakes is the common methodology in this literature of relying on weird hypotheticals that mismodel the underlying legal relations and contain impossible epistemological demands. Collectively, these phenomena have distracted attention from issues that actually affect real legal systems.
MV-Datalog+-: Effective Rule-based Reasoning with Uncertain Observations
Authors: LANZINGER MATTHIAS , SFERRAZZA STEFANO , GOTTLOB GEORG 
Published: July 2022

AbstractModern applications combine information from a great variety of sources. Oftentimes, some of these sources, like machine-learning systems, are not strictly binary but associated with some degree of (lack of) confidence in the observation. We propose MV-Datalog and
$\mathrm{MV-Datalog}^\pm$
as extensions of Datalog and
$\mathrm{Datalog}^\pm$
, respectively, to the fuzzy semantics of infinite-valued Łukasiewicz logic
$\mathbf{L}$
as languages for effectively reasoning in scenarios where such uncertain observations occur. We show that the semantics of MV-Datalog exhibits similar model theoretic properties as Datalog. In particular, we show that (fuzzy) entailment can be decided via minimal fuzzy models. We show that when they exist, such minimal fuzzy models are unique and can be characterised in terms of a linear optimisation problem over the output of a fixed-point procedure. On the basis of this characterisation, we propose similar many-valued semantics for rules with existential quantification in the head, extending
$\mathrm{Datalog}^\pm$
.
Exercise-induced FNDC5/irisin protects nucleus pulposus cells against senescence and apoptosis by activating autophagy
Authors: Zhou Wenxian , Shi Yifeng , Wang Hui , Chen Linjie , Yu Caiyu , Zhang Xufei , Yang Lei , Zhang Xiaolei , Wu Aimin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a major cause of low back pain (LBP), and excessive senescence and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells are major pathological changes in IVDD. Physical exercise could effectively delay the process of intervertebral disc degeneration; however, its mechanism is still largely unknown. Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine released upon cleavage of the membrane-bound precursor protein fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), and its levels increase after physical exercise. Here, we show that after physical exercise, FNDC5/irisin levels increase in the circulation and NP, senescence and apoptosis are reduced, autophagy is activated in NP tissue, and the progression of IVDD is delayed. Conversely, after knocking out FNDC5, the benefits of physical exercise are compromised. Moreover, the overexpression of FNDC5 in NP tissue effectively alleviated the degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) in rats. By showing that FNDC5/irisin is an important mediator of the beneficial effects of physical exercise in the IVDD model, the study proposes FNDC5/irisin as a novel agent capable of activating autophagy and protecting NP from senescence and apoptosis.
Dynamic changes in O-GlcNAcylation regulate osteoclast differentiation and bone loss via nucleoporin 153
Authors: Li Yi-Nan , Chen Chih-Wei , Trinh-Minh Thuong , Zhu Honglin , Matei Alexandru-Emil , Györfi Andrea-Hermina , Kuwert Frederic , Hubel Philipp , Ding Xiao , Manh Cuong Tran , Xu Xiaohan , Liebel Christoph , Fedorchenko Vladyslav , Liang Ruifang , Huang Kaiyue , Pfannstiel Jens , Huang Min-Chuan , Lin Neng-Yu , Ramming Andreas , Schett Georg , Distler Jörg H. W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBone mass is maintained by the balance between osteoclast-induced bone resorption and osteoblast-triggered bone formation. In inflammatory arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), however, increased osteoclast differentiation and activity skew this balance resulting in progressive bone loss. O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification with attachment of a single O-linked β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) residue to serine or threonine residues of target proteins. Although O-GlcNAcylation is one of the most common protein modifications, its role in bone homeostasis has not been systematically investigated. We demonstrate that dynamic changes in O-GlcNAcylation are required for osteoclastogenesis. Increased O-GlcNAcylation promotes osteoclast differentiation during the early stages, whereas its downregulation is required for osteoclast maturation. At the molecular level, O-GlcNAcylation affects several pathways including oxidative phosphorylation and cell-cell fusion. TNFα fosters the dynamic regulation of O-GlcNAcylation to promote osteoclastogenesis in inflammatory arthritis. Targeted pharmaceutical or genetic inhibition of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) or O-GlcNAcase (OGA) arrests osteoclast differentiation during early stages of differentiation and during later maturation, respectively, and ameliorates bone loss in experimental arthritis. Knockdown of NUP153, an O-GlcNAcylation target, has similar effects as OGT inhibition and inhibits osteoclastogenesis. These findings highlight an important role of O-GlcNAcylation in osteoclastogenesis and may offer the potential to therapeutically interfere with pathologic bone resorption.
The crosstalk between endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells aggravates high phosphorus-induced arterial calcification
Authors: Lin Xiao , Shan Su-Kang , Xu Feng , Zhong Jia-Yu , Wu Feng , Duan Jia-Yue , Guo Bei , Li Fu-Xing-Zi , Wang Yi , Zheng Ming-Hui , Xu Qiu-Shuang , Lei Li-Min , Ou-Yang Wen-Lu , Wu Yun-Yun , Tang Ke-Xin , Ullah Muhammad Hasnain Ehsan , Liao Xiao-Bo , Yuan Ling-Qing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractArterial calcification is highly prevalent, particularly in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is the critical process for the development of arterial calcification. However, the detailed mechanism of VSMCs calcification remains to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the role of exosomes (Exos) derived from endothelial cells (ECs) in arterial calcification and its potential mechanisms in ESRD. Accelerated VSMCs calcification was observed when VSMCs were exposed to ECs culture media stimulated by uremic serum or high concentration of inorganic phosphate (3.5 mM Pi). and the pro-calcification effect of the ECs culture media was attenuated by exosome depletion. Exosomes derived from high concentrations of inorganic phosphate-induced ECs (ECsHPi-Exos) could be uptaken by VSMCs and promoted VSMCs calcification. Microarray analysis showed that miR-670-3p was dramatically increased in ECsHPi-Exos compared with exosomes derived from normal concentrations of inorganic phosphate (0.9 mM Pi) induced ECs (ECsNPi-Exos). Mechanistically, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was identified as the downstream target of miR-670-3p in regulating VSMCs calcification. Notably, ECs-specific knock-in of miR-670-3p of the 5/6 nephrectomy with a high-phosphate diet (miR-670-3pEC-KI + NTP) mice that upregulated the level of miR-670-3p in artery tissues and significantly increased artery calcification. Finally, we validated that the level of circulation of plasma exosomal miR-670-3p was much higher in patients with ESRD compared with healthy controls. Elevated levels of plasma exosomal miR-670-3p were associated with a decline in IGF-1 and more severe artery calcification in patients with ESRD. Collectively, these findings suggested that ECs-derived exosomal miR-670-3p could promote arterial calcification by targeting IGF-1, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target for arterial calcification in ESRD patients.
Targeting ferroptosis as a vulnerability in pulmonary diseases
Authors: Yang Li , Cao Li-mian , Zhang Xiao-ju , Chu Bo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFerroptosis is an iron-dependent regulated cell death marked by excessive oxidative phospholipids (PLs). The polyunsaturated fatty acids-containing phospholipids (PUFA-PLs) are highly susceptible to lipid peroxidation under oxidative stress. Numerous pulmonary diseases occurrences and degenerative pathologies are driven by ferroptosis. This review discusses the role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases including asthma, lung injury, lung cancer, fibrotic lung diseases, and pulmonary infection. Additionally, it is proposed that targeting ferroptosis is a potential treatment for pulmonary diseases, particularly drug-resistant lung cancer or antibiotic-resistant pulmonary infection, and reduces treatment-related adverse events.
Baseline imbalance and heterogeneity are present in meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials examining the effects of exercise and medicines for blood pressure management
Authors: Wewege Michael A. , Hansford Harrison J. , Shah Brishna , Gilanyi Yannick L. , Douglas Susan R. G. , Parmenter Belinda J. , McAuley James H. , Jones Matthew D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRandomized clinical trials attempt to reduce bias and create similar groups at baseline to infer causal effects. In meta-analyses, baseline imbalance may threaten the validity of the treatment effects. This meta-epidemiological study examined baseline imbalance in comparisons of exercise and antihypertensive medicines. Baseline data for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and age were extracted from a network meta-analysis of 391 randomized trials comparing exercise types and antihypertensive medicines. Fixed-effect meta-analyses were used to determine the presence of baseline imbalance and/or inconsistency. Meta-regression analyses were conducted on sample size, the risk of bias for allocation concealment, and whether data for all randomized participants were presented at baseline. In one exercise comparison, the resistance group was 0.3 years younger than the control group (95% confidence interval 0.6 to 0.1). Substantial inconsistency was observed in other exercise comparisons. Less data were available for medicines, but there were no occurrences of baseline imbalance and only a few instances of inconsistency. Several moderator analyses identified significant associations. We identified baseline imbalance as well as substantial inconsistency in exercise comparisons. Researchers should consider conducting meta-analyses of key prognostic variables at baseline to ensure balance across trials.
An automated 13.5 hour system for scalable diagnosis and acute management guidance for genetic diseases
Authors: Owen Mallory J. , Lefebvre Sebastien , Hansen Christian , Kunard Chris M. , Dimmock David P. , Smith Laurie D. , Scharer Gunter , Mardach Rebecca , Willis Mary J. , Feigenbaum Annette , Niemi Anna-Kaisa , Ding Yan , Van Der Kraan Luca , Ellsworth Katarzyna , Guidugli Lucia , Lajoie Bryan R. , McPhail Timothy K. , Mehtalia Shyamal S. , Chau Kevin K. , Kwon Yong H. , Zhu Zhanyang , Batalov Sergey , Chowdhury Shimul , Rego Seema , Perry James , Speziale Mark , Nespeca Mark , Wright Meredith S. , Reese Martin G. , De La Vega Francisco M. , Azure Joe , Frise Erwin , Rigby Charlene Son , White Sandy , Hobbs Charlotte A. , Gilmer Sheldon , Knight Gail , Oriol Albert , Lenberg Jerica , Nahas Shareef A. , Perofsky Kate , Kim Kyu , Carroll Jeanne , Coufal Nicole G. , Sanford Erica , Wigby Kristen , Weir Jacqueline , Thomson Vicki S. , Fraser Louise , Lazare Seka S. , Shin Yoon H. , Grunenwald Haiying , Lee Richard , Jones David , Tran Duke , Gross Andrew , Daigle Patrick , Case Anne , Lue Marisa , Richardson James A. , Reynders John , Defay Thomas , Hall Kevin P. , Veeraraghavan Narayanan , Kingsmore Stephen F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhile many genetic diseases have effective treatments, they frequently progress rapidly to severe morbidity or mortality if those treatments are not implemented immediately. Since front-line physicians frequently lack familiarity with these diseases, timely molecular diagnosis may not improve outcomes. Herein we describe Genome-to-Treatment, an automated, virtual system for genetic disease diagnosis and acute management guidance. Diagnosis is achieved in 13.5 h by expedited whole genome sequencing, with superior analytic performance for structural and copy number variants. An expert panel adjudicated the indications, contraindications, efficacy, and evidence-of-efficacy of 9911 drug, device, dietary, and surgical interventions for 563 severe, childhood, genetic diseases. The 421 (75%) diseases and 1527 (15%) effective interventions retained are integrated with 13 genetic disease information resources and appended to diagnostic reports (https://gtrx.radygenomiclab.com). This system provided correct diagnoses in four retrospectively and two prospectively tested infants. The Genome-to-Treatment system facilitates optimal outcomes in children with rapidly progressive genetic diseases.
Shared mechanisms across the major psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Wingo Thomas S. , Liu Yue , Gerasimov Ekaterina S. , Vattathil Selina M. , Wynne Meghan E. , Liu Jiaqi , Lori Adriana , Faundez Victor , Bennett David A. , Seyfried Nicholas T. , Levey Allan I. , Wingo Aliza P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSeveral common psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases share epidemiologic risk; however, whether they share pathophysiology is unclear and is the focus of our investigation. Using 25 GWAS results and LD score regression, we find eight significant genetic correlations between psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. We integrate the GWAS results with human brain transcriptomes (n = 888) and proteomes (n = 722) to identify cis- and trans- transcripts and proteins that are consistent with a pleiotropic or causal role in each disease, referred to as causal proteins for brevity. Within each disease group, we find many distinct and shared causal proteins. Remarkably, 30% (13 of 42) of the neurodegenerative disease causal proteins are shared with psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, we find 2.6-fold more protein-protein interactions among the psychiatric and neurodegenerative causal proteins than expected by chance. Together, our findings suggest these psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases have shared genetic and molecular pathophysiology, which has important ramifications for early treatment and therapeutic development.
Processed pseudogene insertion in GLB1 causes Morquio B disease by altering intronic splicing regulatory landscape
Authors: Bychkov Igor , Kuznetsova Antonina , Baydakova Galina , Gorobets Leonid , Kenis Vladimir , Dimitrieva Alena , Filatova Alexandra , Tabakov Vyacheslav , Skoblov Mikhail , Zakharova Ekaterina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMorquio B disease (MBD) is an ultra-rare lysosomal storage disease, which represents the relatively mild form ofGLB1-associated disorders. In this article, we present the unique case of “pure” MBD associated with an insertion of the mobile genetic element from the class of retrotransposons. Using whole-genome sequencing (WGS), we identified an integration of the processed pseudogeneNPM1deep in the intron 5 ofGLB1. The patient’s mRNA analysis and the detailed functional analysis revealed the underlying molecular genetic mechanism of pathogenesis, which is an alteration of theGLB1normal splicing. By co-expression of minigenes and antisense splice-modulating oligonucleotides (ASMOs), we demonstrated that pseudogene-derived splicing regulatory motifs contributed to an activation of the cryptic exon located 36 bp upstream of the integration site. Blocking the cryptic exon with ASMOs incorporated in the modified U7 small nuclear RNA (modU7snRNA) almost completely restored the wild-type splicing in the model cell line, that could be further extended toward the personalized genetic therapy. To our knowledge, this is the second reported case of the processed pseudogene insertion for monogenic disorders. Our data emphasizes the unique role of WGS in identification of such rare and probably underrepresented in literature types of disease-associated genetic variants.
A multimodal approach to revisiting oxidation defects in Cr2O3
Authors: Auguste R. , Chan H. L. , Romanovskaia E. , Qiu J. , Schoell R. , Liedke M. O. , Butterling M. , Hirschmann E. , Attallah A. G. , Wagner A. , Selim F. A. , Kaoumi D. , Uberuaga B. P. , Hosemann P. , Scully J. R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe oxidation of chromium in air at 700 °C was investigated with a focus on point defect behavior and transport during oxide layer growth. A comprehensive set of characterization techniques targeted characteristics of chromium oxide microstructure and chemical composition analysis. TEM showed that the oxide was thicker with longer oxidation times and that, for the thicker oxides, voids formed at the metal/oxide interface. PAS revealed that the longer the oxidation time, there was an overall reduction in vacancy-type defects, though chromium monovacancies were not found in either case. EIS found that the longer oxidized material was more electrochemically stable and that, while all oxides displayed p-type character, the thicker oxide had an overall lower charge carrier density. Together, the results suggest anion oxygen interstitials and chromium vacancy cluster complexes drive transport in an oxidizing environment at this temperature, providing invaluable insight into the mechanisms that regulate corrosion.
Knowing the intention behind limb movements of a partner increases embodiment towards the limb of joint avatar
Authors: Hapuarachchi Harin , Kitazaki Michiteru 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe explored a concept called “virtual co-embodiment”, which enables users to share their virtual avatars with others. Co-embodiment of avatars and robots can be applied for collaboratively performing complicated tasks, skill training, rehabilitation, and aiding disabled users. We conducted an experiment where two users could co-embody one “joint avatar” in first person view and control different arms to collaboratively perform three types of reaching tasks. We measured their senses of agency and ownership towards the two arms of the avatar and changes in skin conductance levels in response to visual stimuli threatening the two virtual arms. We found that sense of agency, ownership, and skin conductance were significantly higher towards the virtual arm with control compared to the arm controlled by the partner. Furthermore, the senses of agency and ownership towards the arm controlled by the partner were significantly higher when the participant dyads shared a common intention or when they were allowed to see their partner’s target, compared to when the partner’s target was invisible. These results show that while embodiment towards partner-controlled limbs is lower compared to limbs with control, visual information necessary for predicting the partner’s intentions can significantly enhance embodiment towards partner-controlled limbs during virtual co-embodiment.