bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Models of constitutional adjudication in the Baltic States
Authors: Ernits Madis , Miliuvienė Jolita , Pleps Jānis , Sinkevičius Vytautas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article examines the particularities of constitutional control models in Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. On the thirtieth anniversary of regaining independence in 2020 for Latvia and Lithuania and in 2021 for Estonia, it is an opportune moment to consider the path taken by constitutional review institutions in each of the three Baltic States. Accordingly, the authors explore the establishment of the particular constitutional review model in each country and discuss the main features of constitutional adjudication: the status and the composition of the constitutional review bodies, the subjects entitled to file a petition, the main elements of their jurisdiction, and the legal effects of the constitutional judgements. The paper also looks briefly at the possible perspectives. The choice of a constitutional control model in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia results in differences in the place of a constitutional control institution in the judicial system, its special competence (other than constitutionality control of legal acts), and composition. However, regardless of which model of constitutional control was implemented, during the transitional period to a more democratic political regime, it has been vital to guarantee the fulfilment of the objectives of the constitutional control bodies without fear of legal or political obstacles and interference. These constitutional justice institutions in the respective country have step by step developed into authoritative bodies that have no peer, are irreplaceable, and are appreciated by state power institutions and the society.
Interviews with parents of adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities in a weight management study
Authors: Gibson Cheryl A. , Sullivan Debra K. , Ptomey Lauren T. , Rice Anna M. , Donnelly Joseph E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdolescents and young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities are at risk of obesity. Parents influence their diet and physical activity behaviours and therefore, can play important roles in weight management. The aims of this qualitative study were to explore parents' experiences assisting their son or daughter to participate in a weight management study.MethodsInterviews were completed at 6 months with 27 parents whose adolescent or young adult had completed the weight loss portion of an 18‐month weight management study. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and thematic analysis performed.ResultsParents shared insights about how well program components worked with their family, and what strategies worked best to adopt healthier dietary choices and become more physically active. The importance of meeting regularly with someone outside the family to encourage healthier habits was stressed.ConclusionsFuture weight management studies should involve parents and their adolescents to help tailor strategies and adapt intervention approaches.
Distribution of the reef manta rayMobula alfrediand the oceanic manta rayMobula birostrisin the Philippines: a collaborative effort for conservation
Authors: Rambahiniarison Joshua , Agustines Ariana , Alexopoulos Konstantinos , Araujo Gonzalo , Armstrong Asia O. , Arnold Shannon , Barruga Aldrin , Cañete Titus , Conales Segundo , Delijero Kymry , Enolva Nonie P. , Flam Anna L. , Keane Eliya , Labaja Jessica , Legaspi Christine G. , Murie Calum , Murray Ryan , Oliver Simon P. , Pierce Simon J. , Ponzo Alessandro , Rohner Christoph A. , Schifferer Rosanna , Snow Sally , Spakowski Martina , Stevens Guy M. W. , Tilgel Timur , Wong Jessica N. C. , Yaptinchay Arnel Andrew , Barr Yotam 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLittle is known about manta ray population size, structure and connectivity in the Philippines. In collaboration with dive operators, non‐governmental organizations and authorities, sightings of manta rays were collated into a single national database. Using in‐water photographs and videos gathered through citizen science and dedicated research efforts, this study compiled sightings between 2004 and 2020, showing 22 separate sites throughout the archipelago with manta rays present. A total of 392 individual reef manta rays (Mobula alfredi) and 107 oceanic manta rays (Mobula birostris) were identified from the collected footage. Four specific sites in the provinces of Masbate and Palawan together hosted 89% of all identified individuals and accounted for 95% of sightings, highlighting these areas are key aggregation sites. This study also reports the movements ofM. birostriswithin the Philippines, based on photo‐identification of three individuals moving 150 km between Cebu and Masbate. Despite the growing number of recreational divers in Daanbantayan and San Jacinto, an 80% decline inM. birostrissightings was observed at these sites. To ensure effective future conservation, it is recommended that efforts focus on the identification and protection of manta ray hotspots and migratory corridors, the creation of a sustainable tourism framework and, most important, the implementation of mitigation strategies to reduce fisheries interactions.
What does gender equality need? Revisiting the formal and informal in feminist legal politics
Authors: COOPER DAVINA 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article explores the political conflict over reforming how sex and gender categories are used in British law, focusing on the speculative legal proposal to ‘decertify’ sex and gender. Three interconnected arguments are advanced. First, diverging views on decertification are both about and seek to marshal competing perspectives on the value and risks of formalization and its undoing. Second, understanding these views, and decertification more generally, benefits from an account of the formal and informal as interconnected movements of (un)settling, (un)acknowledgement, system (un)intelligibility, and (non‐)deference which remains irreducible to the presence or absence of state and law. Third, while formalization can pin down responsibilities and entitlements, it can also fix unequal and exclusionary status relationships. Focusing on positive action in the final part of the article, I consider how movements of formalization and informalization interrelate and the choices available, in conditions of decertification, if positive action is to counter gender inequality.
Resuscitating the resuscitation: A single‐centre experience on extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Ozturk Zeynelabidin , Kesici Selman , Ertugrul İlker , Aydin Ahmet , Yilmaz Mustafa , Bayrakci Benan 
Published: December 2022

AimExtracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is the rapid deployment of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) during active cardiopulmonary resuscitation or in patients with intermittent return of spontaneous circulation. This study aimed to describe the demographic characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing ECPR to identify survival‐associated factors.MethodsThe study was conducted in an extracorporeal life support centre of a tertiary hospital in Turkey and included all patients who underwent ECPR for in‐hospital cardiac arrest between April 2013 and June 2021. Complications included bleeding, neurological injury, renal failure, hepatic failure, limb ischemia and bloodstream infections. The primary outcomes were survival of ECMO and survival to discharge. Neurological outcomes were assessed using the Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category Scale for children and the Category of Cerebral Performance Scale for adults.ResultsThe study included 26 patients (24 paediatric, 2 adults), 22 (85%) of them had cardiac pathology. Bleeding was the most common complication. Twelve (46%) patients survived ECMO, 9 (35%) survived to discharge. Sex, age, primary diagnosis, cardiac arrest rhythm and ECMO duration were not significantly associated with the primary outcomes. Bleeding, neurological injury and renal failure were associated with poorer survival to discharge. The neurological outcomes of all survivors to discharge were good.ConclusionsECPR is not commonly accessible. Sharing the experience of the few treating centres to date is crucial to accumulating sufficient knowledge about its efficiency and raising clinician awareness. This limited single‐centre experience demonstrated the utility of ECPR.
High‐resolution sequencing of nine elite upland cotton cultivars uncovers genic variations and breeding improvement targets
Authors: Wang Nian , Li Yuanxue , Shen Chao , Yang Yang , Wang Hongya , Yao Tian , Zhang Xianlong , Lindsey Keith , Lin Zhongxu 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARYStructural variations (SVs) are critical factors affecting genome evolution and important traits. However, identification results and functional analyses of SVs in upland cotton are rare. Here, based on the genetic relationships, breeding history and cumulative planting area of upland cotton in China, nine predominant cultivars from the past 60 years (1950s–2010s) were selected for long read sequencing to uncover genic variations and breeding improvement targets for this crop. Based on the ZM24 reference genome, 0.88–1.47 × 104 SVs per cultivar were identified, and an SV set was constructed. SVs affected the expression of a large number of genes during fiber elongation, and a transposable element insertion resulted in the glandless phenotype in upland cotton. Six widespread inversions were identified based on nine draft genomes and high‐throughput chromosome conformation capture data. Multiple haplotype blocks that were always associated with aggregated SVs were demonstrated to play a pivotal role in the agronomic traits of upland cotton and drove its adaptation to the northern planting region. Exotic introgression was the source of these haplotype blocks and increased the genetic diversity of upland cotton. Our results enrich the genome resources of upland cotton, and the identified SVs will promote genetic and breeding research in cotton.
Highly recurrent BRAF p.V595E mutation in canine papillary oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Peralta Santiago , Webb Suzin M. , Katt William P. , Grenier Jennifer K. , Duhamel Gerald E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral epithelial malignancy in dogs. It exhibits locally aggressive biological behaviour with the potential to metastasize, and a reported 1‐year survival rate of 0% when left untreated. Expression studies suggest that aberrant MAPK signalling plays a key role in canine OSCC tumorigenesis, which is consistent with BRAF and HRAS MAPK‐activating mutations reported in some tumours. Several morphological subtypes of canine OSCC have been described, with papillary, conventional, and basaloid as the most common patterns. We hypothesized that mutational differences may underlie these phenotypic variations. In this study, targeted Sanger sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism assays demonstrate that up to 85.7% of canine papillary OSCC (n = 14) harbour a BRAF p.V595E mutation. Assessment of neoplastic epithelial cell proliferation using Ki67 immunolabelling (n = 10) confirmed a relatively high proliferation activity, consistent with their known aggressive clinical behaviour. These findings underscore a consistent genetic feature of canine papillary OSCC and provide a basis for the development of novel diagnostic and targeted therapeutic approaches that can improve the quality of veterinary care.
Retrospective evaluation of the use of small‐bore wire‐guided catheters for the management of peritoneal effusion in cats and dogs
Authors: Crosby Jilli , Humm Karen , Cook Simon D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the use of small‐bore wire‐guided catheters in the management of peritoneal effusion in cats and dogs and to detail any associated adverse events.DesignRetrospective study.SettingUniversity teaching hospitalAnimalsForty‐five client‐owned animals that had peritoneal catheters placed for management of peritoneal effusion between July 2010 and June 2021.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsForty‐five cases were included (25 dogs and 20 cats). Twenty‐eight animals had the catheter placed to aid management of a uroabdomen, 8 of which recovered without surgical management, 11 had the catheter placed to allow autotransfusion of hemoabdomen, 3 had peritonitis, and 3 had ascites secondary to cardiac disease. Twenty‐seven cases (15 dogs and 12 cats) received sedation (n = 24) or local anesthesia alone (n = 3) to facilitate catheter placement, and 6 cases had the catheter placed while under general anesthesia. Median length of catheter persistence was 24 hours (range: 2–144 h). The most common adverse events reported were impaired drainage (n = 7) and leakage at the insertion site (n = 4).ConclusionsPeritoneal catheters can be inserted percutaneously for management of peritoneal effusion. Indications include stabilization and conservative management of uroabdomen, and autotransfusion. They can often be placed with minimal or no sedation and adverse events appear infrequent in occurrence.
Advantages of the retroperitoneal retrocolic space as the transplant site for encapsulated xenogeneic islets
Authors: Geng Zhen , Zhang Qi , Li Ting , Huang Ting , Wang Hailian , Zhou Qiao , Deng Shaoping , Zhao Yanshuang , Li Yanjiao , Cheng Chunming , Gonelle‐Gispert Carmen , Buhler Leo H. , Wang Yi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveIslet allotransplantation has demonstrated improved clinical outcomes using the hepatic portal vein as the standard infusion method. However, the current implantation site is not ideal due to the short‐term thrombotic and long‐term immune destruction. Meanwhile, the shortage of human organ donors further limits its application. To find a new strategy, we tested a new polymer combination for islet encapsulation and transplantation. Meanwhile, we explored a new site for xenogeneic islet transplantation in mice.MethodWe synthesized a hydrogel combining alginate plus poly‐ethylene‐imine (Alg/PEI) for the encapsulation of rat, neonatal porcine, and human islets. Transplantation was performed into the retroperitoneal retro‐colic space of diabetic mice. Control mice received free islets under the kidney capsule or encapsulated islets into the peritoneum. The biochemical indexes were measured, and the transplanted islets were harvested for immunohistochemical staining of insulin and glucagon.ResultsMice receiving encapsulated rat, porcine and human islets transplanted into the retroperitoneal space maintained normoglycemia for a median of 275, 145.5, and 146 days, respectively. In contrast, encapsulated xenogeneic islets transplanted into the peritoneum, maintained function for a median of 61, 95.5, and 82 days, respectively. Meanwhile, xenogeneic islets transplanted free into the kidney capsule lost their function within 3 days after transplantation. Immunohistochemical staining of encapsulated rat, porcine and human islets, retrieved from the retroperitoneal space, allowed to distinguish morphological normal insulin expressing β‐ and glucagon expressing α‐cells at 70, 60, and 100 days post‐transplant, respectively.ConclusionTransplantation of Alg/PEI encapsulated xenogeneic islets into the retroperitoneal space provides a valuable new implantation strategy for the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
Effects of intrarenal angiotensin 1–7 infusion on renal haemodynamic and excretory function in anaesthetised two‐kidney one‐clip and deoxycorticosterone acetate‐salt hypertensive rats
Authors: Barry Elaine F. , Abdulla Mohammed H. , O'Neill Julie , AlMarabeh Sara , Beshara Julie , Parna‐Gile Erin , Johns Edward J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the action of angiotensin 1–7 (Ang (1–7)) on renal haemodynamic and excretory function in the two‐kidney one‐clip (2K1C) and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)‐salt rat models of hypertension, in which the endogenous renin–angiotensin system (RAS) activity was likely to be raised or lowered, respectively. Rats were anaesthetised and prepared for the measurement of mean arterial pressure and kidney function during renal interstitial infusion of Ang (1–7) or saline. Kidney tissue concentrations of angiotensin II (Ang II) and Ang (1–7) were determined. Intrarenal infusion of Ang (1–7) into the clipped kidney of 2K1C rats increased urine flow (UV), absolute (UNaV) and fractional sodium (FENa) excretions by 110%, 214% and 147%, respectively. Renal Ang II concentrations of the clipped kidney were increased with no major changes in Ang (1–7) concentration. By contrast, Ang (1–7) infusion decreased UV, UNaV, and FENa by 27%, 24% and 21%, respectively in the non‐clipped kidney in which tissue Ang (1–7) concentrations were increased, but renal Ang II concentrations were unchanged compared to sham animals. Ang (1–7) infusion in DOCA‐salt rats had minimal effects on glomerular filtration rate but significantly decreased UV, UNaV and FENa by ∼30%. Renal Ang (1–7) concentrations were higher and Ang II concentrations were lower in DOCA‐salt rats compared to sham rats. These findings demonstrate that the intrarenal infusion of exogenous Ang (1–7) elicits different renal excretory responses the magnitude of which is dependent on the balance between the endogenous renal Ang II–AT1 receptor axis and Ang (1–7)–Mas receptor axis.
Severe myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome in children and young people: a British Paediatric Surveillance Unit study
Authors: Royston Alexander Peter , Rai Manmita , Brigden Amberly , Burge Sarah , Segal Terry Y , Crawley Esther M 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesPrimary objective: to determine the point prevalence and incidence rate of severe myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) in children aged 5–16 years over 13 months. Secondary objectives: to describe the demographic features, symptoms, impact on activities of daily living, school attendance and time to diagnosis.DesignProspective surveillance study conducted by the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit. Paediatricians was asked if they had assessed a child with severe ME/CFS (screening definition for prevalence and incidence: children (5–16 years) diagnosed with ME/CFS so severe that they are unable to attend school for more than 1 hour a week during the last 6 weeks of the school term).ParticipantsPatients 5–16 years of age, seen by paediatricians and two large ME/CFS specialist services across the UK and Ireland.Outcome measuresPaediatrician-completed questionnaires describing demographics, symptoms, function and treatment, (applying National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)-recommended criteria to assess severity of ME/CFS). Diagnosis of severe, probable severe or possible severe ME/CFS was made only with evidence of NICE-recommended screening blood tests.Results285 cases were reported, of which of which 33 were severe, 4 probable severe and 55 possible severe. Estimated prevalence was 3.2 per million children (95% CI 2.2 to 4.5). Including possible/probable severe ME/CFS gave 8.9 per million children (95% CI 7.2 to 11). The incidence rate was 0.90 per million children-years (95% CI 0.43 to 1.65) (1.97 per million children-years (95% CI 1.24 to 2.99)). Median age was 13 years and 58% of cases were female. Median time to diagnosis was 0.47 years.ConclusionsAlthough the incidence of children presenting with severe ME/CFS is low, all were very disabled. In addition, the majority receive little or no education. Paediatricians need to consider how to provide rehabilitation and education for these disabled young people.
Clinicopathological and genetic analyses of pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Okada Fumi , Takeda Maiko , Fujii Tomomi , Uchiyama Tomoko , Sasaki Shoh , Matsuoka Minami , Nitta Yuji , Terada Chiyoko , Maebo Katsuya , Morita Kohei , Ishida Eiwa , Sawabata Noriyoshi , Ohbayashi Chiho 
Published: December 2022

AimsPulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma (PEAC) is a rare variant of pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Due to its rarity, few pathological and molecular studies have been performed on PEAC. We herein conducted clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular analyses of PEAC with a focus on its differentiation from invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA).MethodsWe examined the clinicopathological features of 16 cases of PEAC and performed a genetic analysis using next-generation sequencing (NGS). The results obtained were compared with those for IMA.ResultsThe average age of patients with PEAC (seven men and nine women) was 72.9 years. A comparison of clinical data on PEAC and IMA revealed no significant differences in age, sex or smoking history. Fifteen PEAC cases had dirty necrosis. Immunohistochemically, the positive rates for each antibody in PEAC were as follows: CK7, 88% (14/16); CK20, 81% (13/16); CDX2, 88% (14/16); p53, 69% (11/16); MUC1, 100% (16/16); MUC2, 19% (3/16); MUC5AC, 69% (11/16); MUC6, 19% (3/16). The positive rates for these antibodies in IMA were 100%, 87%, 0%, 7%, 93%, 0%, 100% and 80%, respectively.EGFRmutations, theMETexon 14 skipping mutation,BRAFmutations, theALKfusion gene andROS-1fusion gene were not detected in any cases of PEAC or IMA. Among PEAC cases, NGS identifiedKRASmutations in seven (44%, 7/16) andTP53mutations in nine (56%, 9/16). Among IMA cases, the most commonly mutated gene wasKRAS(90%).ConclusionsThe rates of dirty necrosis, immunopositivity for CDX2 andTP53mutations were significantly higher, while that ofKRASmutations was significantly lower in PEAC cases than in IMA cases.
Sex-specific correlates of valvular and arterial calcification burden in patients with moderate aortic stenosis
Authors: Deslandes Marianne , Paquin Amélie , Guzzetti Ezequiel , Beaudoin Jonathan , Barriault Alexandra , Salaun Erwan , Clavel Marie-Annick 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionThere are significant sex differences in the prevalence and severity of cardiac calcifying processes. Women harbour more severe mitral annular calcification (MAC), while men exhibit worse aortic valve (AVC) and coronary artery (CAC) calcification. To better understand these differences, we investigated the correlates of cardiac calcification according to sex.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 406 patients with ≥mild aortic stenosis (AS) defined by an aortic valve area ≤1.5 cm2, a peak aortic jet velocity >2.0 m/s, or a mean transvalvular gradient >15 mm Hg. Doppler-echocardiography and non-contrast multidetector CT were performed concomitantly to assess AS and cardiac calcifications.ResultsMean age was 71±11 years and 33% were women. The AS haemodynamics were not significantly different between sexes (all p>0.50), with a mean indexed aortic valve area of 0.59±0.21 cm2/m2, peak aortic jet velocity of 2.78 (2.37–3.68) m/s, and mean gradient of 17.9 (12.8–31.3) mm Hg for the whole cohort. Compared with men, women harboured lower AVC (480 (222–1191) vs 1003 (484–2329) Agatston unit, AU; p<0.0001) and CAC (366 (50–914) vs 618 (167–1357) AU; p=0.007), but more severe MAC (60 (1–887) vs 48 (0–351) AU; p=0.08) and ascending aorta calcification (227 (43–863) vs 142 (7–493) AU; p=0.03). After comprehensive adjustment, sex remained an independent predictor of each cardiac calcification subtype (all p<0.02) except for the ascending aorta (p=0.32). In multivariable analysis, certain variables, like age or bicuspid aortic valve, were associated with the calcification scores in both sexes. Sex-specific predictors of calcification burden were absence of angiotensin receptor blockers (β=−0.26; p=0.007) and renal impairment (β=0.26; p=0.003) for AVC, and bisphosphonates (β=0.20; p=0.05) for CAC in women; coronary artery disease (β=0.25; p=0.001) for AVC, and angiotensin receptor blockers (β=0.19; p=0.02) and calcium/vitamin D (β=0.15; p=0.02) for MAC in men.ConclusionIn AS, factors associated with cardiac valvular and arterial calcification differ between sexes, suggesting an important contributory role of sex in the pathophysiology of these calcifying processes.