bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning for Computed Tomography Radiomics
Authors: Bian Yun , Liu Yan Fang , Li Jing , Liu Fang , Fang Xu , Lu Jianping , Shao Chengwei 
Published: July 2022

Objectives
The aims of the study were to develop and validate a machine learning classifier for preoperative prediction of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Methods
In this retrospective study of 183 PDAC patients who underwent multidetector computed tomography and surgical resection, CD4+, CD8+, and CD20+ expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, and TIL scores were calculated using the Cox regression model. The patients were divided into TIL-low and TIL-high groups. An extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) classifier was developed using a training set consisting of 136 consecutive patients, and the model was validated in 47 consecutive patients. The discriminative ability, calibration, and clinical utility of the XGBoost classifier were evaluated.

Results
The prediction model showed good discrimination in the training (area under the curve, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.89–0.97) and validation (area under the curve, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.65–0.92) sets with good calibration. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the training set were 0.93, 0.85, 0.90, 0.89, and 0.91, respectively, while those for the validation set were 0.63, 0.91, 0.77, 0.88, and 0.70, respectively.

Conclusions
The XGBoost-based model could predict PDAC TILs and may facilitate clinical decision making for immune therapy.
Minimally Invasive Approach to Skin Tightening of the Face and Body: A Systematic Review of Monopolar and Bipolar Radiofrequency Devices
Authors: Rohrich Rod J. , Schultz Kelly P. , Chamata Edward S. , Bellamy Justin L. , Alleyne Brendan 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Radiofrequency (RF) treatment is a relatively new and increasingly popular option for patients desiring skin tightening and an improvement in facial or body contour without undergoing an excisional surgical procedure. A systematic review of the literature was performed to investigate the safety and efficacy of monopolar and bipolar radiofrequency devices for facial and body rejuvenation.

Methods:
A computerized search of the MEDLINE database was performed for clinical studies investigating the use of monopolar and bipolar radiofrequency devices in facial and body rejuvenation. Data on the type of device, treated areas, number of patients, number of treatments, follow-up, complications, and outcomes was collected.

Results:
The systematic review was performed in September 2020. A total of 207 articles examined the use of radiofrequency technology for cosmetic purposes, and 23 articles remained after all inclusion and exclusion criteria were considered. Nine articles evaluated monopolar devices and five articles evaluated bipolar devices for treatment of the face. Three articles evaluated monopolar devices and six articles evaluated bipolar devices for treatment of various body areas.

Conclusion:
There is clinical evidence that monopolar and bipolar radiofrequency devices produce measurable improvement in skin laxity of the face and body with an acceptable complication profile. Although the vast majority of reported complications are minor and transient in nature, major complication rates are higher with the use of monopolar devices than with the use of bipolar devices.
Impact of Panniculectomy and/or Abdominoplasty on Quality of Life: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis of Patient Reported Outcomes”
Authors: Rios-Diaz Arturo J. , Morris Martin P. , Elfanagely Omar , Cunning Jessica R. , Davis Harrison , Shakir Sameer , Broach Robyn B. , Fischer John P. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The incidence of obesity and massive weight loss continue to increase across the United States. Subsequently, body contouring procedures are increasing, as excess skin after weight loss affects patient-reported quality of life (QoL). We aimed to (1) identify factors associated low preoperative QoL, (2) quantify the QoL benefit of abdominal BCP (aBCP), and (3) evaluate benefits across grades of obesity.

Methods:
Patients seeking aBCP between 2018-2019 with a completed pre-operative BODY-Q™ questionnaire were identified. Patient characteristics and surgical outcomes were extracted. Chi-squared tests were used to determine characteristics associated with low preoperative QoL by comparing lowest versus highest tertiles for each of 10 BODY-Q domains. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare preoperative to postoperative change in patients’ QoL. Chi-squared tests were used to determine QoL differences by obesity class: Class 1-2 (BMI = 30-39.9 kg/m2) versus Class 3 (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2).

Results:
183 patients completed preoperative QoL questionnaires. Preoperative factors associated with low QoL included age >40 years old, African American race, public insurance, hypertension, and ASA class (all p<0.05). Of patients who completed a preoperative BODY-Q and underwent surgery, 46 patients (63%) completed both surveys. QoL improved postoperatively across all domains (p<0.01). The presence of an SSO did not impact postoperative QoL in any domain (p>0.05). Obesity classification did not affect change in QoL pre to postoperatively (p>0.05).

Conclusions:
QoL is significantly lower at baseline in older, African-American, publicly insured, and multimorbid patients, but improves dramatically after aBCP regardless of incidence of complication or degree of obesity.
Maximizing Safety and Optimizing Outcomes of Labiaplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Escandón Joseph M. , Duarte Bateman Daniela , Bustos Valeria P. , Escandón Lauren , Mantilla-Rivas Esperanza , Mascaro-Pankova Andres , Ciudad Pedro , Langstein Howard N. , Manrique Oscar J. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The considerable increase in labiaplasty, demands plastic surgeons to be acquainted with the surgical techniques, their respective complications and satisfaction rates. This is a systematic review of the available evidence on labia minoraplasty looking at surgical techniques, clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Methods:
A comprehensive search across PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS and Cochrane CENTRAL was executed through October 2020. A random-effect model meta-analysis was performed to assess the satisfaction and complications rates.

Results:
Forty-six studies including 3804 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The pooled satisfaction rate following labia minoraplasty was 99% (95%CI: 97%–99%). Substantial heterogeneity was present across studies (I
2 = 63.09%, p < 0.001). The highest pooled incidence of dehiscence was reported for laser-assisted labiaplasty (5%, 95%CI: 2%–8%) and wedge resection (3%, 95%CI: 1%–5%). The highest pooled incidence of hematoma formation (8%, 95%CI: <1%–23%) and postoperative bleeding (2%, 95%CI: <1%–15%) was reported for W-shape resection. The highest pooled incidence of transient pain or discomfort was reported for deepithelialization (2%, 95%CI: <1%–23%) and W-shape resection (2%, 95%CI: <1%–15%). Three flap necrosis were reported, two occurred using wedge resection labia minoraplasty and one was not specified. The most common causes for revision surgery (n=169) were dehiscence and aesthetic concerns.

Conclusion:
Overall, labia minoraplasty is a very safe procedure. However, serious complications requiring surgical management have been reported. In this sense, an experienced surgeon, proper knowledge of female genital anatomy, and a thorough technique selection in accordance with the patient characteristics is mandatory.
Dorsal Augmentation Using a Glued Diced Cartilage Graft Fashioned with a Newly Developed Mold in Asian Rhinoplasty
Authors: Yoo Shin Hyuk , Kim Don-Han , Jang Yong Ju 
Published: July 2022

Backgrounds:
In dorsal augmentation, costal cartilage can be used in number of different ways: monoblock form, fascia wrapped or glued diced cartilage grafting (GDCG). In order to make the use of GDCG more convenient, the authors developed a mold. This report describes our experience with the GDCG using a novel mold for dorsal augmentation.

Methods:
The study involved 80 patients who underwent dorsal augmentation with the molded GDCG. Facial photographs, medical records were reviewed to assess the patients’ satisfaction and postoperative complications. For the 23 patients who had three-dimensional (3D) scanned images, dorsal widths, dorsal heights at the radix and rhinion levels were measured to investigate the changes of the implants over time. The resorption of the graft was assessed comparing the 3-month postoperative photograph with the latest photograph, taken at the last follow-up (at least one year after the surgery). The serial changes of dorsum were assessed with 3D scanned images.

Results:
Total 66 patients (82.5%) were satisfied with their surgical outcomes. Complications were encountered in 19 patients (23.8%), and 8 (10%) revision surgeries were performed. Only one patient undergone revision surgery due to resorption of the GDCG. Analysis using a three-dimensional scanning device showed a significant increment of the dorsal height (P<0.05) without dorsal widening when comparing preoperative with 1-year postoperative follow-up data. There were no significant reductions in dorsal height between postoperative 3-months and postoperative 1-year.

Conclusions:
The use of a novel mold for shaping glued diced cartilage appears to be a useful technique for dorsal augmentation in rhinoplasty.
Intersectional stigmas are associated with lower viral suppression rates and antiretroviral therapy adherence among women living with HIV
Authors: Norcini Pala Andrea , Kempf Mirjam-Colette , Konkle-Parker Deborah , Wilson Tracey E. , Tien Phyllis C. , Wingood Gina , Neilands Torsten B. , Johnson Mallory O. , Weiser Sheri D. , Logie Carmen H. , Turan Janet M. , Turan Bulent 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:
To explore the associations between intersectional poverty, HIV, sex, and racial stigma, adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), and viral suppression among women with HIV (WHIV).

Design:
We examined intersectional stigmas, self-report ART adherence, and viral suppression using cross-sectional data.

Methods:
Participants were WHIV (N = 459) in the Women's Adherence and Visit Engagement, a Women's Interagency HIV Study substudy. We used Multidimensional Latent Class Item Response Theory and Bayesian models to analyze intersectional stigmas and viral load adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical covariates.

Results:
We identified five intersectional stigma-based latent classes. The likelihood of viral suppression was approximately 90% lower among WHIV who experienced higher levels of poverty, sex, and racial stigma or higher levels of all intersectional stigmas compared with WHIV who reported lower experiences of intersectional stigmas. ART adherence accounted for but did not fully mediate some of the associations between latent intersectional stigma classes and viral load.

Conclusion:
The negative impact of intersectional stigmas on viral suppression is likely mediated, but not fully explained, by reduced ART adherence. We discuss the research and clinical implications of our findings.
CROSS Versus FLOT Regimens in Esophageal and Esophagogastric Junction Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Donlon Noel E. , Moran Brendan , Kamilli Anitha , Davern Maria , Sheppard Andrew , King Sinead , Donohoe Claire L. , Lowery Maeve , Cunningham Moya , Ravi Narayanasamy , Mueller Carmen , Cools-Lartigue Jonathan , Ferri Lorenzo , Reynolds John V. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The FLOT protocol and the CROSS trimodality regimen represent current standards in the management of locally advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma. In the absence of published Randomised Controlled Trial data, this propensity-matched comparison evaluated tolerance, toxicity, impact on sarcopenia and pulmonary physiology, operative complications, and oncologic metrics.

Methods:
Two hundred and twenty-two patients, 111 in each arm, were included from 2 high-volume centers. Computed tomography-measured sarcopenia, and pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in first second/forced vital capacity/diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide) were compared pretherapy and posttherapy. Operative complications were defined as per the Esophageal Complications Consensus Group (ECCG) criteria, and severity per Clavien-Dindo. Tumor regression grade and R status were measured, and survival estimated per Kaplan-Meier.

Results:
A total of 83% were male, cT3/cN+ was 92%/68% for FLOT, and 86%/60% for CROSS. The full prescribed regimen was tolerated in 40% of FLOT patients versus 92% for CROSS. Sarcopenia increased from 16% to 33% for FLOT, and 14% to 30% in CROSS (P<0.01 between arms). Median decrease in diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide was −8.25% (−34 to 25) for FLOT, compared with −13.8%(−38 to 29), for CROSS (P=0.01 between arms). Major pathologic response was 27% versus 44% for FLOT and CROSS, respectively (P=0.03). In-hospital mortality, respectively, was 1% versus 2% (P=0.9), and Clavien Dindo >III 22% versus 27% (P=0.59), however, respiratory failure was increased by CROSS, at 13% versus 3% (P<0.001). Three-year survival was similar at 63% (FLOT) and 60% (CROSS) (P=0.42).

Conclusions:
Both CROSS and FLOT resulted in equivalent survival. Operative outcomes were similar, however, the CROSS regimen increased postoperative respiratory failure and atrial fibrillation. Less than half of patients received the prescribed FLOT regimen, although toxicity rates were acceptable. These data support clinical equipoise, caution, however, may be advised with CROSS in patients with greatest respiratory risk.
Effect of the Use of Reinforced Stapling on the Occurrence of Pancreatic Fistula After Distal Pancreatectomy
Authors: Merdrignac Aude , Garnier Jonathan , Dokmak Safi , Regenet Nicolas , Lesurtel Mickaël , Mabrut Jean Yves , Sa Cunha Antonio , Fuks David , Bergeat Damien , Robin Fabien , Le Pabic Estelle , Boudjema Karim , Turrini Olivier , Laviolle Bruno , Sulpice Laurent 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the use of a reinforced stapler (RS) during distal pancreatectomy (DP) on postoperative outcomes.

Background:
DP remains associated with significant postoperative morbidity owing to pancreatic fistula (PF). To date, there is no consensus on the management of the pancreatic stump. The use of an RS potentially represents a simple way to decrease the rate of PF.

Methods:
The REPLAY study (NCT03030170) is a prospective, multicenter, randomized study. Patients who underwent DP were randomized (1:1 ratio) in 2 groups for the use of a standard stapler (SS) or an RS to close remnant pancreatic parenchyma. The primary endpoint was the rate of overall PF. Secondary endpoints included severity of PF, length of hospital stay, overall morbidity, and rate of readmission for a PF within 90 days. Participants were blinded to the procedure actually carried out.

Results:
A total of 199 were analyzed (SS, n=99; RS, n=100). One patient who did not undergo surgery was excluded. Baseline characteristics were comparable in both groups. The rate of overall PF was higher in RS group (SS: 67.7%, RS: 83%, P=0.0121), but the rate of clinically relevant PF was similar (SS: 11.1%, RS: 14%, P=0.5387). Mean length of total hospital stay, readmission for PF, postoperative morbidity, and mortality at 90 days were similar.

Conclusion:
The results of this randomized clinical trial did not favor the use of RS during DP to reduce the rate of PF.
Great ape communication as contextual social inference: a computational modelling perspective
Authors: Bohn Manuel , Liebal Katja , Oña Linda , Tessler Michael Henry 
Published: July 2022

Human communication has been described as a contextual social inference process. Research into great ape communication has been inspired by this view to look for the evolutionary roots of the social, cognitive and interactional processes involved in human communication. This approach has been highly productive, yet it is partly compromised by the widespread focus on how great apes use and understand individual signals. This paper introduces a computational model that formalizes great ape communication as a multi-faceted social inference process that integrates (a) information contained in the signals that make up an utterance, (b) the relationship between communicative partners and (c) the social context. This model makes accurate qualitative and quantitative predictions about real-world communicative interactions between semi-wild-living chimpanzees. When enriched with a pragmatic reasoning process, the model explains repeatedly reported differences between humans and great apes in the interpretation of ambiguous signals (e.g. pointing or iconic gestures). This approach has direct implications for observational and experimental studies of great ape communication and provides a new tool for theorizing about the evolution of uniquely human communication.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Revisiting the human ‘interaction engine’: comparative approaches to social action coordination’.
Social tolerance and interactional opportunities as drivers of gestural redoings in orang-utans
Authors: Fröhlich Marlen , van Schaik Carel P. 
Published: July 2022

Communicative repair is a fundamental and universal element of interactive language use. It has been suggested that the persistence and elaboration after communicative breakdown in nonhuman primates constitute two evolutionary building blocks of this capacity, but the conditions favouring it are poorly understood. Because zoo-housed individuals of some species are more social and more terrestrial than in the wild, they should be more likely to show gestural redoings (i.e. both repetition and elaboration) after communicative failure in the coordination of their joint activities. Using a large comparative sample of wild and zoo-housed orang-utans of two different species, we could confirm this prediction for elaboration, the more flexible form of redoings. Specifically, results showed that gestural redoings in general were best predicted by the specific social action context (i.e. social play) and interaction dyad (i.e. beyond mother–offspring), although they were least frequent in captive Bornean orang-utans. For gestural elaboration, we found the expected differences between captive and wild research settings in Borneans, but not in Sumatrans (the more socially tolerant species). Moreover, we found that the effectiveness of elaboration in eliciting responses was higher in Sumatrans, especially the captive ones, whereas effectiveness of mere repetition was influenced by neither species nor setting. We conclude that the socio-ecological environment plays a central role in the emergence of communicative repair strategies in great apes.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Revisiting the human ‘interaction engine’: comparative approaches to social action coordination’.
The interaction engine: cuteness selection and the evolution of the interactional base for language
Authors: Levinson Stephen C. 
Published: July 2022

The deep structural diversity of languages suggests that our language capacities are not based on any single template but rather on an underlying ability and motivation for infants to acquire a culturally transmitted system. The hypothesis is that this ability has an interactional base that has discernable precursors in other primates. In this paper, I explore a specific evolutionary route for the most puzzling aspect of this interactional base in humans, namely the development of an empathetic intentional stance. The route involves a generalization of mother–infant interaction patterns to all adults via a process (cuteness selection) analogous to, but distinct from, RA Fisher's runaway sexual selection. This provides a cornerstone for the carrying capacity for language.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Revisiting the human ‘interaction engine’: comparative approaches to social action coordination’.
When and how do non-human great apes communicate to support cooperation?
Authors: Melis Alicia P. , Rossano F. 
Published: July 2022

Several scholars have long suggested that human language and remarkable communicative abilities originate from the need and motivation to cooperate and coordinate actions with others. Yet, little work has focused on when and how great apes communicate during joint action tasks, partly because of the widely held assumption that animal communication is mostly manipulative, but also because non-human great apes' default motivation seems to be competitive rather than cooperative. Here, we review experimental cooperative tasks and show how situational challenges and the degree of asymmetry in terms of knowledge relevant for the joint action task affect the likelihood of communication. We highlight how physical proximity and strength of social bond between the participants affect the occurrence and type of communication. Lastly, we highlight how, from a production point of view, communicators appear capable of calibrating their signalling and controlling their delivery, showing clear evidence of first-order intentionality. On the other hand, recipients appear to struggle in terms of making use of referential information received. We discuss different hypotheses accounting for this asymmetry and provide suggestions concerning how future work could help us unveil to what degree the need for cooperation has shaped our closest living relatives' communicative behaviour.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Revisiting the human ‘interaction engine’: comparative approaches to social action coordination’.
Unbiased Classification of the Human Brain Proteome Resolves Distinct Clinical and Pathophysiological Subtypes of Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Higginbotham Lenora , Carter E. Kathleen , Dammer Eric B. , Haque Rafi U. , Johnson Erik C.B. , Duong Duc M. , Yin Luming , De Jager Philip L. , Bennett David A. , Lah James J. , Levey Allan I. , Seyfried Nicholas T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe hallmark amyloid-β and tau deposition of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents only a fraction of its diverse pathophysiology. Molecular subtyping using large-scale -omic strategies can help resolve this biological heterogeneity. Using quantitative mass spectrometry, we measured ~8,000 proteins across >600 dorsolateral prefrontal cortex tissues from Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project participants with clinical diagnoses of no cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD dementia. Unbiased classification of MCI and AD cases based on individual proteomic profiles resolved three classes with expression differences across numerous cell types and biological ontologies. Two classes displayed molecular signatures atypical of those previously observed in AD neurodegeneration, such as elevated synaptic and decreased inflammatory markers. In one class, these atypical proteomic features were associated with clinical and pathological hallmarks of cognitive resilience. These results promise to better define disease heterogeneity within AD and meaningfully impact its diagnostic and therapeutic precision.