bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative exploration of the lived experience of adults diagnosed with primary mitochondrial disease
Authors: Valverde Kathleen D. , McCormick Elizabeth M. , Falk Marni J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrimary mitochondrial disease (PMD) encompasses a heterogeneous group of energy deficiency disorders that are typically progressive, with affected individuals experiencing an average of 16 multisystem symptoms. Clinical trials are emerging, but current treatment options remain limited. In PMD, the effect of specific disease factors and their relationship to meaning‐based coping has not been studied. Given the connection between prognostic uncertainty and psychological distress in other patient populations, we explored the lived experience of adults with PMD. Adults with PMD caused by pathogenic variant(s) in nuclear or mitochondrial genes impairing mitochondrial function were interviewed. Interview questions addressed the lived experience with PMD, diagnostic journey, practical learnings at the time of diagnosis, suggestions for supportive information to provide at diagnosis, diagnosis impact on daily living and self‐care, and sources of support and hope. Focus group transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Four themes (diagnostic challenges, adaptations to daily living, social implications, and meaning‐based coping) and several subthemes (the importance of being hopeful and benefit finding) emerged. Most participants reported strong family support (9/14) and identified a benefit (9/14) derived from their PMD diagnosis, while (5/14) did not identify any benefits. Benefit finding, reframing, and maintaining a positive attitude emerged as common coping in adults living with PMD. Understanding how adults with PMD cope is essential to provide anticipatory guidance and ongoing support for those struggling with their disease diagnosis, progression, and broader life impact. Our findings suggest that adult PMD patients prefer healthcare providers to inquire about their emotional well‐being and meaning based coping with PMD.
Single‐cell transcriptomic atlas reveals distinct immunological responses between COVID‐19 vaccine and natural SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Wang Yi , Wang Xiaoxia , Luu Laurence Don Wai , Li Jieqiong , Cui Xiaodai , Yao Hailan , Chen Shaojin , Fu Jin , Wang Licheng , Wang Chongzhen , Yuan Rui , Cai Qingguo , Huang Xiaolan , Huang Junfei , Li Zhenjun , Li Shijun , Zhu Xiong , Tai Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo control the ongoing coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, CoronaVac (Sinovac), an inactivated vaccine, has been granted emergency use authorization by many countries. However, the underlying mechanisms of the inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine‐induced immune response remain unclear, and little is known about its features compared to (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Here, we implemented single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) to profile longitudinally collected PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) in six individuals immunized with CoronaVac and compared these to the profiles of COVID‐19 infected patients from a Single Cell Consortium. Both inactivated vaccines and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection altered the proportion of different immune cell types, caused B cell activation and differentiation, and induced the expression of genes associated with antibody production in the plasma. The inactivated vaccine and SARS‐COV‐2 infection also caused alterations in peripheral immune activity such as interferon response, inflammatory cytokine expression, innate immune cell apoptosis and migration, effector T cell exhaustion and cytotoxicity, however, the magnitude of change was greater in COVID‐19 patients, especially those with severe disease, than in immunized individuals. Further analyses revealed a distinct peripheral immune cell phenotype associated with CoronaVac immunization (HLA class II upregulation and IL21R upregulation in naïve B cells) versus SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (HLA class II downregulation and IL21R downregulation in naïve B cells from severe disease individuals). There were also differences in the expression of important genes associated with proinflammatory cytokines and thrombosis. In conclusion, this study provides a single‐cell atlas of the systemic immune response to CoronaVac immunization and revealed distinct immune responses between inactivated vaccines and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Profiles in persistence: A latent profile analysis of multilevel coping strategies enacted among women in the sciences
Authors: Cruz Mateo , Nagy Noémi 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThis study examines the different ways women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) occupations cope with systemic stereotype threat. Although it is theorized that women in STEM engage multiple and simultaneous strategies in response to stereotype threat, rarely are coping strategies studied in combination. This leaves us with an incomplete picture of coping behavior. To address this gap, we adopt a person‐centered approach to examine nine multilevel stereotype threat management strategies. Drawing from a sample of 515 women in male‐dominated STEM occupations, we use latent profile analysis (LPA) to uncover three distinct profiles (Preservationists, Protectors, and Protagonists) which differ by degree of strategy engagement and preferred location of response (intrapersonal, interpersonal, and institutional). Our findings also show that profile membership is differently associated with person‐related (gender centrality, science identity, and stigma consciousness) and work‐related factors (perceived organizational support, negative emotions at work, and exit due to gender‐based bias) relevant to persistence. This work demonstrates the value of a person‐centered approach in distinguishing coping profiles within and between STEM women in a naturalistic context. It also suggests that organizations can better support STEM women by tailoring interventions that account for differences in coping behavior.
Effects of bio‐augmented Daqu on microbial community, aroma compounds and physicochemical parameters of fermented grains during the brewing of Chinese special‐flavor baijiu
Authors: Fu Guiming , Cai Wenqin , Dong Biao , Wan Yin , Pan Fei , Zheng Fuping , Chen Yanru , Deng Mengfei , Huang Bingjing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDBio‐augmented Daqu is used to improve the microbial community and physicochemical parameters of fermented grains, thus affecting the flavor and quality of baijiu. This study investigated the effects of bio‐augmented Daqu inoculated with Aspergillus niger NCUF413.1 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCUF304.1 on the microbial community, aroma compounds, and physicochemical parameters of fermented grains during special‐flavor baijiu brewing.RESULTSCompared with the control group (CG), the utilization of starch and production of ethanol in the inoculated group (IG) increased by 3.55% and 12.59%, respectively. The use of bio‐augmented Daqu changed the bacterial communities. For example, Kroppenstedsia was the dominant bacterial genus (the relative abundance was about 22%) in the CG while Lactobacillus was the main dominant genus (the relative abundance was more than 30%) in the IG on days 20–30. Lactobacillus showed a significant positive correlation with the aroma compounds. The use of bio‐augmented Daqu increased the aroma compound content – such as the ethyl heptanoate and ethyl hexanoate content.CONCLUSIONThe addition of bio‐augmented Daqu with A. niger and S. cerevisiae could change microbial communities, resulting in an increase in the yield of ethanol and the aroma compound content of fermented grains, thus improving the quality of baijiu. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Repetitive simulation training with novel 3D‐printed sinus models for functional endoscopic sinus surgeries
Authors: Suzuki Masanobu , Miyaji Kou , Watanabe Ryosuke , Suzuki Takayoshi , Matoba Kotaro , Nakazono Akira , Nakamaru Yuji , Konno Atsushi , Psaltis Alkis James , Abe Takashige , Homma Akihiro , Wormald Peter‐John 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to find a utility of a newly developed 3D‐printed sinus model and to evaluate the educational benefit of simulation training with the models for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).Material and methodsForty‐seven otolaryngologists were categorized as experts (board‐certified physicians with ≥200 experiences of FESS, n = 9), intermediates (board‐certified physicians with <200 experiences of FESS, n = 19), and novices (registrars, n = 19). They performed FESS simulation training on 3D‐printed models manufactured from DICOM images of computed tomography (CT) scan of real patients. Their surgical performance was assessed with the objective structured assessment of technical skills (OSATS) score and dissection quality evaluated radiologically with a postdissection CT scan. First we evaluated the face, content, and constructive values. Second we evaluated the educational benefit of the training. Ten novices underwent training (training group) and their outcomes were compared to the remaining novices without training (control group). The training group performed cadaveric FESS surgeries before and after the repetitive training.ResultsThe feedback from experts revealed high face and content value of the 3D‐printed models. Experts, intermediates, and novices demonstrated statistical differences in their OSATS scores (74.7 ± 3.6, 58.3 ± 10.1, and 43.1 ± 11.1, respectively, p < .001), and dissection quality (81.1 ± 13.1, 93.7 ± 15.1, and 126.4 ± 25.2, respectively, p < .001). The training group improved their OSATS score (41.1 ± 8.0 to 61.1 ± 6.9, p < .001) and dissection quality (122.1 ± 22.2 to 90.9 ± 10.3, p = .013), while the control group not. After training, 80% of novices with no prior FESS experiences completed surgeries on cadaver sinuses.ConclusionRepeated training using the models revealed an initial learning curve in novices, which was confirmed in cadaveric mock FESS surgeries.Level of evidenceN/A
Extracellular Matrix Microparticles Improve GelMA Bioink Resolution for 3D Bioprinting at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Galliger Zachary , Vogt Caleb D. , Helms Haylie R. , Panoskaltsis‐Mortari Angela 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroduction: Current bioinks for 3D bioprinting, such as gelatin‐methacryloyl, are generally low viscosity fluids at room temperature, requiring specialized systems to create complex geometries. Methods and Results: Adding decellularized extracellular matrix microparticles derived from porcine tracheal cartilage to gelatin‐methacryloyl creates a yield stress fluid capable of forming self‐supporting structures. This bioink blend performs similarly at 25 °C to gelatin‐methacryloyl alone at 15 °C in linear resolution, print fidelity, and tensile mechanics. Conclusion: This method lowers barriers to manufacturing complex tissue geometries and removes the need for cooling systems.
Developments in Bio‐Based Soy Protein Adhesives: A Review
Authors: Chen Shiqing , Shi Sheldon Q. , Zhou Wenrui , Li Jianzhang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRecently, soy protein has attracted extensive attention from wood industries and consumers in the production of wood adhesives as it is non‐toxic, biodegradable, low cost, and easy to process. There are a variety of reactive groups namely OH, NH2, COOH, and SH, in protein molecules, which offer possibilities for protein denaturation, chemical modification, and increased ionic interactions. The research in protein denaturation, crosslinking modification, biomimetic modification, and organic–inorganic hybrid formulation not only focuses on enhancing the mechanical properties and tolerance to water of the adhesives but also considers its toughness, mildew resistance, and flame retardancy to further optimize the performances of the adhesives. In this paper, soy protein chemical composition, soy protein denaturation, and reinforced modification are discussed to understand these methods and further develop into a multifunctional soy protein‐based adhesive. Given the potential of bio‐based adhesives, these modification methods not only provide the theoretical basis for its development at full scale, but also the possibility for the multifunctional applications of bio‐based adhesives.
Morphology Evolution via a Generic Solvent Additive Concept Enables Large‐Area All‐Polymer Solar Cells with Negligible PCE Loss
Authors: Qian Xitang , Wang Gaoyang , Li Zhenye , Ying Lei , Cao Yong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSmall‐area all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) have obtained excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) through smart design of materials and advanced device fabrication. Nevertheless, commercialization of all‐PSCs requires the urgent development of large‐area all‐PSCs processing techniques compatible with roll‐to‐roll processing. Generally, the PCE of all‐PSCs drops sharply with the increased device area, which is the biggest obstacle for fabrication of large‐area all‐PSCs toward commercialization. Morphology modulation of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) film may be an effective strategy for fabrication of large‐area all‐PSCs. In this work, a solvent additive 1,8‐diiodooctane (DIO) is introduced to regulate the charge transport, molecular orientation, and BHJ film morphology of all‐PSCs. As the device area of all‐PSCs expands from 0.04 to 0.5 cm2, the PCE of the device without DIO reduces by 14.8%, while that of the device with DIO only reduces by 3.3%. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the lowest PCE attenuation value achieved for 0.5–1 cm2 all‐PSCs. The DIO solvent additive is also applicable to other efficient all‐PSCs, which proves the advance of generic solvent additive concept for constructing high‐performance large‐area all‐PSCs, and may push forward the commercialization process of all‐PSCs.
Dual‐Control Mechanism of Water and Temperature in Automatically Programmable Shape Memory Polymers
Authors: Zhang Jun , Xu Wanli , Heng Kejie , Chu Mingyu , Qian Binjie , Tang Junkun , Liu Zuozhen , Huang Farong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAuto‐programmable shape memory polymers (AP‐SMPs) can deform automatically without external manipulation, exhibiting either a free‐standing temporary shape or a permanent shape. The unique shape memory behaviors derive mainly from control by two factors, water and temperature. However, the control mechanism is unknown. This study analyzes and demonstrates the dual‐control mechanism of water and temperature in the three shape‐changing processes of AP‐SMPs. First, the AP‐SMP is immersed in warm water (50 °C). Asymmetric swelling of bilayer films provides the driving force for the shape auto‐programming of the AP‐SMP. The solvent effect of water reduces the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the AP‐SMP, which becomes lower than the medium temperature in warm water. AP‐SMP can be programmed automatically. Then, the AP‐SMP is removed from water and placed in air at room temperature. The Tg value of the matrix film increases notably in air and exceeds the medium temperature. The temporary shape of the AP‐SMP can thus be fixed. Finally, the AP‐SMP can quickly return to its permanent shape when the medium temperature exceeds the matrix film Tg in air. The dual control shape memory mechanism provides insights into the design and development of AP‐SMPs.
Fully Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Structure and Morphology of Small‐Molecular Additives in Rubber Matrices
Authors: Liu Peilei , Duan Pengwei , Zhao Hengheng , Li Sai , Liu Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis work investigates the compatibility of ten commercially available accelerators and ten antioxidants with three types of rubber by using molecular dynamics simulation. By constructing fully atomistic models of rubber and small molecules, firstly, the length and number of polymer chains, as well as the number of small molecules are optimized by calculating the solubility parameter. All simulated systems are guaranteed to reach equilibrium by checking the change of the density and energy. Then this work shows that the simulated results match well with each other, which are obtained from the value and the difference of the binding energy of the rubber systems, fractional free volume of the rubber systems, and self‐diffusion coefficient of small molecules calculated from the mean square displacement–time curve. And some small molecules which are more compatible with rubbers are found. More importantly, this study can further determine their compatibility preference by calculating the partition coefficients of small molecules in the rubber blends. Meanwhile, the temperature effect on the change of the compatibility is as well examined. In general, this work provides some guidance for determining the compatibility between rubber and small‐molecule additives, enabling the design of high‐performance rubber materials.
How university students changed their habits and developed mental disorders in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in Japan: Three case reports
Authors: Nagaoka Maiko , Kubo Hiroe , Tashiro Kuniko , Kinoshita Maiko , Inoue Hiroko , Soejima Hirofumi , Fujise Noboru 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundSince the COVID‐19 pandemic reached Japan in 2020, the country has faced an unprecedented increase in suicide rate and school refusal among adolescents, as well as increased rates of depression and anxiety among young people. However, the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on adolescents in terms of changes in habits, the development of mental disorders, social isolation, and suicidal ideation remain largely unclear.Case PresentationWe examined three cases of university students who changed their habits during the COVID‐19 pandemic and developed mental disorders. All three cases had similar habitual changes, experienced loneliness, and developed depression and circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorder. Their habitual changes were delayed sleep and wake times, delayed first mealtime, a tendency to eat before sleeping, decreased social contact, increased digital media usage, and a tendency to use digital media before going to bed. We established a model of increasing mental health difficulties, school refusal, and suicidal ideation during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ConclusionThis report suggests possible approaches for preventing a decline in mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic among university students.
Transcriptome analysis of emamectin benzoate caused midgut damage by inducing oxidative stress, energy metabolism disorder and apoptosis in gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar)
Authors: Xu Zhe , Li Lu , Bai Jianyang , Zhang Yue , Min Mengru , Ma Wei , Ma Ling 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDEmamectin benzoate (EMB) is a semisynthetic bioinsecticide, which has been widely used in the control of forestry and agricultural pests. However, the mechanism of its toxic effects on the non‐neural tissues has been rarely reported. Here, we explored the mechanism of the midgut damage induced by EMB in gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) in order to better understand the toxicological mechanism of EMB.RESULTSOur results confirmed that EMB caused damage to the midgut of gypsy moth by inducing apoptosis. Transcriptome showed that 1469, 650 and 950 genes were significantly differentially expressed in the midgut of gypsy moth after 24, 48 and 72 h of EMB exposure, and oxidative stress, energy metabolism disorder and apoptosis may be related to the toxic effects of EMB. The indicators related to oxidative stress, energy metabolism and apoptosis were further examined. The results showed that EMB could cause oxidative stress by increasing ROS level and inhibiting antioxidant enzymes (P < 0.05), such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), which in turn causes mitochondria injury. Subsequently, energy metabolism was inhibited by downregulating the activities and mRNA level of energy metabolism enzymes. Furthermore, the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was activated, triggering apoptosis, and eventually causing midgut injury in gypsy moth.CONCLUSIONOur results indicated that EMB caused damage to midgut by inducing oxidative stress, energy metabolism disorder and apoptosis in gypsy moth. Our findings shed new light on the toxicological mechanism of EMB on non‐neural tissues from oxidative stress, energy metabolism and apoptosis perspectives. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
MRI thigh measurements predict whole‐body skeletal muscle mass in patients with type 2 diabetes: a comparison with DXA
Authors: Brown Emily , Williams Andrew , Hakim Olah , Wilton Moon M. , Harrold Joanne A. , Hughes David , Kemp Graham J. , Wilding John P.H. , Goff Louise M. , Cuthbertson Daniel J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia is an age‐related loss of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and function, associated with falls, frailty, and functional decline. It is more prevalent and often accelerated in people with Type 2 diabetes (T2D), especially when co‐existing with obesity (sarcopenic obesity). Accurate whole‐body SMM measurement, feasible using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has utility both in clinical practice and in epidemiological and mechanistic research, considering the dual mechanical and metabolic function of skeletal muscle. Compared with MRI, DXA may underestimate age‐related muscle mass by up to 30%, and so direct comparison of DXA/MRI‐derived SMM measurements may be invalid in patients with obesity and T2D, who have potentially even more pronounced sarcopenia/sarcopenic obesity. We aimed to validate single‐slice or multiple‐slice measures of SMM, using MRI, with whole‐body SMM measures derived from DXA scans of appendicular lean soft tissue, specifically in patients with obesity and T2D.MethodsWe undertook a cross‐sectional study in which we performed paired DXA and whole‐body 3.0‐T MRI on 36 people with T2D and obesity (body mass index [BMI] > 30 kg/m2). Single‐slice and seven‐slice estimates of muscle mass, taken from mid‐thigh/thigh MRI images, respectively, were determined, and compared with whole‐body SMM derived from DXA scans of appendicular lean soft tissue, in men and women separately.ResultsSeventeen men (age 48.4 ± 8.2 years, BMI 37.5 ± 5.1 kg/m2, body fat 39.1 ± 6.0%) and 19 women (age 51.8 years ± 9.7, BMI 37.8 ± 5.8 kg/m2, body fat 47.6 ± 5.1%) were recruited. Whole‐body SMM estimated by seven‐slice thigh MRI correlated strongly with DXA‐derived SMM in both men (r = 0.94, P < 0.001) and women (r = 0.94, P < 0.001). Single‐slice thigh estimates of whole‐body SMM by MRI also showed strong relationships to DXA‐derived SMM in both men (r = 0.88, P < 0.001) and women (r = 0.87, P < 0.001). There was no evidence of a statistically significant difference when comparing the performance of using single‐slice vs. multiple‐slices to determine SMM (P = 0.10 for males and P = 0.13 for females).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that accurate determination of whole‐body SMM is possible using either single‐slice mid‐thigh or seven‐slice thigh MRI in men and women with obesity and T2D in whom there may be significant alterations in body composition. Its application may be of use clinically and in obesity‐related, metabolic, and gerontological research where accurate assessments of body composition add mechanistic insight.