bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of eczema involving visible areas of the skin on patients' quality of life
Authors: Hang Li , Saint Aroman Marketa , Taieb Charles , Baissac Catherine , Merhand Stephanie , Ortiz‐Brugués Ariadna , Torrelo Antonio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRationalMany studies have evaluated the impact of eczema according to the established severity. However, the specific impact of the location of eczema on the quality of life (QoL) has not been assessed.ObjectiveIn the present study, we focus on the burden of disease caused by the involvement of atopic dermatitis (AD) on visible areas of the face and hands.MethodologyThis study mobilized for each of the six countries where it was implemented (Canada, China, Italy, Spain, Germany and France), targeting a representative sample according to the quota method of their population aged 18 years and over. QoL was assessed through the QoL index (DLQI).ResultsWe identified 801 people who reported having suffered exclusively from AD in the past 12 months. Overall, 31.7% (n = 257) of the population considered their skin disease to be embarrassing with consequences in their personal life. Regarding stigmata, 15.7% (n = 126) of people with eczema felt rejected, 15.5% (n = 124) felt they were looked at with disgust and 33.1% (n = 265) expressed a sense of discouragement. A significant impact was observed in 31.5% (n = 145) of patients who had visible damage versus 12.3% (n = 42) of patients with no visible damage (p < 0.0001). The difference was also significant (p < 0.001) when the average DLQI was assessed (6.6 vs. 4.8).DiscussionThe degradation of the QoL by AD is maximal when the hands and the face are affected simultaneously. The impact is also significantly higher when the hands are exclusively affected (compared to the face). The impact on the QoL is strongly linked to the experience and the lived experience of each patient, and the stigmata of the patients and their feelings of rejection are obvious. Surprisingly, exclusive hand involvement caused a higher impact in QoL than exclusive face involvement. Simultaneous involvement of the face and hands greatly amplifies the deterioration in QoL
MiR‐708‐5p/Pit‐1 axis mediates high phosphate‐induced calcification in vascular smooth muscle cells via Wnt8b/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Wu Na , Liu Guo‐Bing , Zhang Yu‐Min , Wang Yong , Zeng Hai‐Tao , Xiang Hui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecently, the underlying mechanism of vascular calcification (VC) has been partially elucidated. However, it is still high incidence, and no effective treatment has been found. This study aims at figuring out the underlying mechanisms of microRNA‐708‐5p (miR‐708‐5p)/sodium‐phosphate transporter 1 (Pit‐1) axis in high phosphate (HP)‐induced VC of T/G HA‐VSMCs. Alizarin Red S staining was used to evaluate calcium salt deposition, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was determined by measuring the absorbance at 405 nm. RT‐qPCR and Western blot were performed to assess the levels of miR‐708‐5p and Pit‐1, the levels of ALP, Pit‐1, β‐catenin, glycogen synthesis kinase 3 β (GSK3β), and p‐GSK3β proteins, respectively. The interaction between miR‐708‐5p and Pit‐1 was validated by luciferase reporter assay. Our findings illustrated that miR‐708‐5p was downregulated and Pit‐1was upregulated in HP‐induced VC. MiR‐708‐5p mimics inhibited HP‐induced VC. Further experiments demonstrated that miR‐708‐5p targets Pit‐1. In addition, miR‐708‐5p inactivates the Wnt8b/β‐catenin pathway via targeting Pit‐1 to reduce HP‐induced VC. MiR‐708‐5p has a crucial effect on VC via targeting Pit‐1 and inhibiting Wnt8b/β‐catenin pathway, it may serve as a new target for VC treatment.
Impact of esthesioneuroblastoma treatment delays on overall patient survival
Authors: Tsutsumi Kotaro , Ahmed Khwaja H. , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Torabi Sina J. , Mohyeldin Ahmed , Hsu Frank P.K. , Kuan Edward C. 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesTo characterize clinical factors associated with esthesioneuroblastoma treatment delays and determine the impact of these delays on overall survival.Study DesignRetrospective database analysis.MethodsThe 2004–2016 National Cancer Database was queried for patients with esthesioneuroblastoma managed by primary surgery and adjuvant radiation. Durations of diagnosis‐to‐treatment initiation (DTI), diagnosis‐to‐treatment end (DTE), surgery‐to‐RT initiation (SRT), radiotherapy treatment (RTD), and total treatment package (TTP) were analyzed. The cohort was split into two groups for each delay interval using the median time as the threshold.ResultsA total of 814 patients (39.6% female, 88.5% white) with mean ± SD age of 52.6 ± 15.1 years who underwent both esthesioneuroblastoma surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy were queried. Median DTI, DTE, SRT, RTD, and TTP were 34, 140, 55, 45, and 101 days, respectively. A significant association was identified between increased regional radiation dose above 66 Gy and decreased DTI (OR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.35–0.83, p = 0.01) and increased RTD (OR = 3.94, 95% CI 2.36–6.58, p < 0.001) durations. Chemotherapy administration was linked with decreased SRT (OR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.47–0.89, p = 0.01) and TTP (OR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.43–0.82, p = 0.001) durations. Cox proportional‐hazards analysis revealed that increased RTD was associated with decreased survival (HR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.26–2.57, p < 0.005), independent of age, sex, race, regional radiation dose, facility volume, facility type, insurance status, modified Kadish stage, chemotherapy status, Charlson‐Deyo comorbidity index, and surgical margins.ConclusionsDelays during, and prolongation of radiotherapy for esthesioneuroblastoma appears to be associated with decreased survival.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:764–772, 2023
Visible‐Wavelength Spatiotemporal Mode‐Locked Fiber Laser Delivering 9 ps, 4 nJ Pulses at 635 nm
Authors: Ruan Qiujun , Xiao Xiaosheng , Zou Jinhai , Wang Hang , Fan Shuzheng , Li Tianran , Li Jin , Dong Zhipeng , Cai Zhiping , Luo Zhengqian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpatiotemporal mode‐locking (STML) in fiber lasers are of interest in applications such as optical communications, nonlinear imaging, and precision machining. To date, STML fiber lasers in the near‐infrared region have been well demonstrated, yet operation at visible wavelengths is still challenging. Here, a STML picosecond fiber laser at 635 nm with the implementation of Pr/Yb co‐doped few‐mode fiber and nonlinear polarization rotation technology is reported. By solving the modified generalized multimode nonlinear Schrödinger equation, the 635 nm STML formation is theoretically predicted and analyzed. The stable 635 nm STML with a 9 ps pulse duration, which is two orders of magnitude narrower than previously reported, is realized experimentally. Moreover, spatiotemporal profiles are illustrated by investigating the locking of transverse and longitudinal modes simultaneously. By further establishing visible ultrafast fiber amplifier, the 635 nm average power is boosted up to 440 mW, corresponding to a maximum pulse energy and peak power of 4 nJ and 280 W, respectively. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical simulations. This work helps to understand nonlinear dynamics in STML fiber laser and directly generate large‐energy ultrashort pulses in visible region.
Carbon Nanotube Anchored Organic Hydrogel for Soft Sensors
Authors: Han Libin , Qu Rui , Chen Dongsheng , Liu Lei , Xu Huidi , Zhang Zhuanzhuan , Zhao Yuze , Song Xiaofeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFlexible hydrogel sensors are receiving increasing attentions due to their application in human–machine interaction. However, there are great challenges for developing hydrogel strain sensors such as the asymmetry among excellent mechanics properties, high conductivity, resistance to solvent volatilization, and frost resistance. An organic hydrogel is prepared by associating physicochemical driving process with binary medium. That is, acrylamide (AAm) and vinyl acetate (VAc) polymerize in the water/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/hydroxylated multi‐walled carbon nanotube (mCNT‐OH). The organic hydrogel sensor not only has good tensile strength, resistance to freezing, and solvent volatility, but also exhibits excellent strain sensitivity (GF = 6.39 in the range of 200–560%) due to the mCNT‐OH forming conductive pathway. Its response and recovery time are 80 and 60 ms, respectively. The strain sensitivity does not decline after 260 cyclic stretches at 200% strain. The organic hydrogel sensor can steadily trace large and subtle human motions. Then it is promising in the application of human–machine interface like aphasiac, physical exercise, or rehabilitation.
Parkin Deficiency Impairs Mitochondrial DNA Dynamics and Propagates Inflammation
Authors: Wasner Kobi , Smajic Semra , Ghelfi Jenny , Delcambre Sylvie , Prada‐Medina Cesar A. , Knappe Evelyn , Arena Giuseppe , Mulica Patrycja , Agyeah Gideon , Rakovic Aleksandar , Boussaad Ibrahim , Badanjak Katja , Ohnmacht Jochen , Gérardy Jean‐Jacques , Takanashi Masashi , Trinh Joanne , Mittelbronn Michel , Hattori Nobutaka , Klein Christine , Antony Paul , Seibler Philip , Spielmann Malte , Pereira Sandro L. , Grünewald Anne 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundMutations in the E3 ubiquitin ligase parkin cause autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD). Together with PTEN‐induced kinase 1 (PINK1), parkin regulates the clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria. New mitochondria are generated through an interplay of nuclear‐ and mitochondrial‐encoded proteins, and recent studies suggest that parkin influences this process at both levels. In addition, parkin was shown to prevent mitochondrial membrane permeability, impeding mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) escape and subsequent neuroinflammation. However, parkin's regulatory roles independent of mitophagy are not well described in patient‐derived neurons.ObjectivesWe sought to investigate parkin's role in preventing neuronal mtDNA dyshomeostasis, release, and glial activation at the endogenous level.MethodsWe generated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)–derived midbrain neurons from PD patients with parkin (PRKN) mutations and healthy controls. Live‐cell imaging, proteomic, mtDNA integrity, and gene expression analyses were employed to investigate mitochondrial biogenesis and genome maintenance. To assess neuroinflammation, we performed single‐nuclei RNA sequencing in postmortem tissue and quantified interleukin expression in mtDNA/lipopolysaccharides (LPS)‐treated iPSC‐derived neuron–microglia co‐cultures.ResultsNeurons from patients with PRKN mutations revealed deficits in the mitochondrial biogenesis pathway, resulting in mtDNA dyshomeostasis. Moreover, the energy sensor sirtuin 1, which controls mitochondrial biogenesis and clearance, was downregulated in parkin‐deficient cells. Linking mtDNA disintegration to neuroinflammation, in postmortem midbrain with PRKN mutations, we confirmed mtDNA dyshomeostasis and detected an upregulation of microglia overexpressing proinflammatory cytokines. Finally, parkin‐deficient neuron–microglia co‐cultures elicited an enhanced immune response when exposed to mtDNA/LPS.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that parkin coregulates mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mtDNA maintenance pathways, thereby protecting midbrain neurons from neuroinflammation and degeneration. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Registration‐guided deep learning image segmentation for cone beam CT–based online adaptive radiotherapy
Authors: Ma Lin , Chi Weicheng , Morgan Howard E. , Lin Mu‐Han , Chen Mingli , Sher David , Moon Dominic , Vo Dat T. , Avkshtol Vladimir , Lu Weiguo , Gu Xuejun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeAdaptive radiotherapy (ART), especially online ART, effectively accounts for positioning errors and anatomical changes. One key component of online ART process is accurately and efficiently delineating organs at risk (OARs) and targets on online images, such as cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Direct application of deep learning (DL)‐based segmentation to CBCT images suffered from issues such as low image quality and limited available contour labels for training. To overcome these obstacles to online CBCT segmentation, we propose a registration‐guided DL (RgDL) segmentation framework that integrates image registration algorithms and DL segmentation models.MethodsThe RgDL framework is composed of two components: image registration and RgDL segmentation. The image registration algorithm transforms/deforms planning contours that were subsequently used as guidance by the DL model to obtain accurate final segmentations. We had two implementations of the proposed framework—Rig‐RgDL (Rig for rigid body) and Def‐RgDL (Def for deformable)—with rigid body (RB) registration or deformable image registration (DIR) as the registration algorithm, respectively, and U‐Net as the DL model architecture. The two implementations of RgDL framework were trained and evaluated on seven OARs in an institutional clinical head‐and‐neck dataset.ResultsCompared to the baseline approaches using the registration or the DL alone, RgDLs achieved more accurate segmentation, as measured by higher mean Dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) and other distance‐based metrics. Rig‐RgDL achieved a DSC of 84.5% on seven OARs on average, higher than RB or DL alone by 4.5% and 4.7%. The average DSC of Def‐RgDL was 86.5%, higher than DIR or DL alone by 2.4% and 6.7%. The inference time required by the DL model component to generate final segmentations of seven OARs was less than 1 s in RgDL. By examining the contours from RgDLs and DL case by case, we found that RgDL was less susceptible to image artifacts. We also studied how the performances of RgDL and DL vary with the size of the training dataset. The DSC of DL dropped by 12.1% as the number of training data decreased from 22 to 5, whereas RgDL only dropped by 3.4%.ConclusionBy incorporating the patient‐specific registration guidance to a population‐based DL segmentation model, RgDL framework overcame the obstacles associated with online CBCT segmentation, including low image quality and insufficient training data, and achieved better segmentation accuracy than baseline methods. The resulting segmentation accuracy and efficiency show promise for applying this RgDL framework for online ART.
Propagation characteristics of flexural wave and the reflection from vertical cracks during pipe‐pile integrity testing
Authors: Lu Zhitang , Wang Zhiliang , Liu Dongjia , Xiong Feng , Ma Haichun , Tan Xiaohui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe propagation characteristics of F‐(flexural) wave and the reflection from vertical cracks in pipe‐piles subjected to an eccentric vertical excitation were numerically investigated using elastodynamic finite integration technique (EFIT). The accuracy of the self‐written code was validated by comparing computed results against the measured data. The snapshots of circumferential, radial and vertical velocities in intact and cracked pipe‐piles, as well as the velocity histories of the pile‐top were presented. It is found that not only L‐(longitudinal) wave (corresponding to axisymmetric mode) but also F‐wave (corresponding to non‐axisymmetric mode) can be excited in pipe‐piles subjected to an eccentric vertical excitation. F‐wave causes motion in all directions, while L‐wave only causes vertical motion. The three‐dimensional (3‐D) interference is weak at 90° away from the excitation position for circumferential velocity response, while at 45° or 135° for radial velocity response. The reflected F‐wave (RFW) from the pipe‐toe has multiple peaks due to the dispersion effect of F‐wave. Reflection occurs when F‐wave encounters vertical cracks, while L‐wave is not sensitive to vertical cracks. The intensity of RFW from vertical cracks varies with excitation‐and‐sensor modes. For shallow vertical cracks, the RFW strength varies with the sensor positions; while the intensity of the RFW caused by deep vertical cracks varies little with the sensor positions. With the increase of crack length, the strength of the first arrival RFW due to the vertical crack has no obvious change; however, the strength of RFW from the pile‐toe decreases.
Tensor completion using geodesics on Segre manifolds
Authors: Swijsen Lars , Van der Veken Joeri , Vannieuwenhoven Nick 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe propose a Riemannian conjugate gradient algorithm for approximating incomplete tensors by canonical polyadic decompositions of low rank. Our main contribution consists of an explicit expression for an almost everywhere complete set of geodesics of the Segre manifold of rank‐1 tensors. These are leveraged in our Riemannian optimization algorithm over a geometrically convenient parametrization of rank‐ tensors to move in the direction of a tangent vector over the ‐fold product of Segre manifolds. We apply our method to movie rating predictions in a recommender system for the MovieLens dataset, and for identifying pure fluorophores via fluorescent spectroscopy with missing data. In this last application, we can recover the tensor decomposition from only of the data. In our numerical experiments, the proposed Riemannian conjugate gradient algorithm was competitive with a state‐of‐the‐art quasi‐Newton method with truncated conjugate gradient inner solves from Tensorlab in terms of accuracy and could reduce the computation time by half.
Machine learning‐accelerated gradient‐based Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion applied to electrical resistivity tomography
Authors: Aleardi Mattia , Vinciguerra Alessandro , Stucchi Eusebio , Hojat Azadeh 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTExpensive forward model evaluations and the curse of dimensionality usually hinder applications of Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms to geophysical inverse problems. Another challenge of these methods is related to the definition of an appropriate proposal distribution that simultaneously should be inexpensive to manipulate and a good approximation of the posterior density. Here we present a gradient‐based Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion algorithm that is applied to cast the electrical resistivity tomography into a probabilistic framework. The sampling is accelerated by exploiting the Hessian and gradient information of the negative log‐posterior to define a proposal that is a local, Gaussian approximation of the target posterior probability. On the one hand, the computing time to run the many forward evaluations needed for both the data likelihood evaluation and the Hessian and gradient computation is decreased by training a residual neural network to predict the forward mapping between the resistivity model and the apparent resistivity value. On the other hand, the curse of dimensionality issue and the computational effort related to the Hessian and gradient manipulation are decreased by compressing data and model spaces through a discrete cosine transform. A non‐parametric distribution is assumed as the prior probability density function. The method is first demonstrated on synthetic data and then applied to field measurements. The outcomes provided by the presented approach are also benchmarked against those obtained when a computationally expensive finite‐element code is employed for forward modelling , with the results of a gradient‐free Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion, and also compared with the predictions of a deterministic inversion. The implemented approach not only guarantees uncertainty assessments and model predictions comparable with those achieved by more standard inversion strategies, but also drastically decreases the computational cost of the probabilistic inversion, making it similar to that of a deterministic inversion.
Identifying and addressing fundraising's overarching ethical questions through ethical theory
Authors: Routley Claire , Koshy Cherian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeThis paper seeks to build on MacQuilllin and Sargeant's (2019) framework for normative fundraising ethics by considering how fundraising professionals might use these theories to support their fundraising practice. In the paper we will seek to identify the higher‐level ethical questions that underpin the majority of ethical decisions fundraisers will need to make: decisions around the acceptance and solicitation of donations and we will then seek to address each of these questions through the lens of MacQuilllin and Sargeant's (2019) normative ethical theories.Approach and methodologyWe will abstract from common ethical dilemmas the higher‐level or overarching questions that can encompass them. We will then consider each question through the lens of the normative theories developed by MacQuillin and Sargeant (2019), drawing on available evidence to support our arguments.FindingsTwo core questions were identified:1. Where are the lines in who we approach for/receive resources from for our organisation?2. Where are the lines in how we approach people for resources for our organisation?OriginalityTo our knowledge, this will be the first academic paper that a) identifies the overarching ethical questions that affect fundraising practice, and b) applies the various normative theories of fundraising ethics directly to them. In practical terms, it may also be particularly useful to fundraising practitioners who want to explore the theories of ethics in relation to the dilemmas they encounter in practice.
Indulgent citizens: Bribery in Mexico's bureaucratic procedures
Authors: Moreno‐Jaimes Carlos 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article offers evidence of the embedded nature of bribery in Mexico. Drawing on three theoretical frameworks that deviate from standard individualistic rational‐choice approaches, the paper examines a shared assertion: systemic corruption is a regime so deeply engrained in social relationships and norms that prevents people from attributing a moral connotation to their behavior. Based on individual‐level data from two waves of a national survey on government performance, I find that users of government procedures in Mexico are indifferent to bribery, as the occurrence of petty corruption acts does not influence their appraisal of various administrative transactions. By demonstrating that everyday acts of bribery are, in general, immune to social disapproval in a setting of high corruption like Mexico, this article contributes to understanding better the complexity of such phenomenon and why anti‐corruption policies are not likely to succeed if they do not design ways to cope with the social normalization of corruption.