bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variants of string assembling systems
Authors: Kutrib Martin , Wendlandt Matthias 
Published: August 2022

AbstractString assembling systems are biologically inspired mechanisms that generate strings from copies out of finite sets of assembly units. The underlying mechanism is based on piecewise assembly of a double-stranded sequence of symbols, where the upper and lower strand have to match. The generation is additionally controlled by the requirement that the first symbol of a unit has to be the same as the last symbol of the strand generated so far, as well as by the distinction of assembly units that may appear at the beginning, during, or at the end of the assembling process and by a length restriction on the units. We investigate the power of these model-inherent control mechanisms by considering variants where one or more of these mechanisms are relaxed. The generative capacities and the relative power of the variants are our main interest. In particular, we prove that the power gained in the different control mechanisms may yield strictly more powerful systems and incomparable capacities. Additionally, we generalize these systems to multi-stranded systems. We obtain a strong connection to one-way multi-head finite automata and show an infinite, dense, and strict strand hierarchy. Finally, we examine the closure properties of the different variants of string assembling systems.
The effect of local samples in the accuracy of mid-infrared (MIR) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) -based spectral prediction models
Authors: Vona V. , Sarjant S. , Tomczyk B. , Vona M. , Kalocsai R. , Kulmány I. M. , Jakab G. , Ver A. , Milics G. , Centeri Cs. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWithin the soil spectroscopy community, there is an ongoing discussion addressing the comparison of the performance of prediction models built on a global calibration database, versus a local calibration database. In this study, this issue is addressed by spiking of global databases with local samples. The soil samples were analysed with MIR and XRF sensors. The samples were further measured using traditional wet chemistry methods to build the prediction models for seventeen major parameters. The prediction models applied by AgroCares, the company that assisted in this study, combine spectral information from MIR and XRF into a single ‘fused-spectrum’. The local dataset of 640 samples was split into 90% train and 10% test samples. To illustrate the benefits of using local calibration samples, three separate prediction models were built per element. For each model, 0%, 50% (randomly selected) and 100% of the local training samples were added to the global dataset. The remaining 10% local samples were used for validation. Seventeen soil parameters were selected to illustrate the differences in performance across a range of soil qualities, using the validation set to measure performance. The results showed that many models already exhibit an excellent level of performance (R2 ≥ 0.95) even without local samples. However, there was a clear trend that, as more local calibration samples were added, both R2 and ratio of performance to interquantile distance (RPIQ) increase.
The assessment of psychometric properties for the subjective wellbeing-5 dimensions (SWB-5D) questionnaire in the general Dutch population
Authors: Haspels Heleen N. , de Vries Marieke , van den Akker-van Marle M. Elske 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Financial resources for health care are limited, so assessment of intervention effectiveness in terms of health in relation to its costs is important. Measuring health outcomes in cost-effectiveness analyses is usually done by health-related quality of life measures, like the EQ-5D. However, over the past decade, innovations on the conceptual level of health have evolved and novel approaches are rising such as the capability approach, subjective wellbeing, and Positive Health. This study assesses the psychometric properties of the subjective wellbeing-5 dimension (SWB-5D) outcome measure.

Methods
A quantitative, cross-sectional study design was used to determine the concurrent and construct (convergent and known group) validity for the SWB-5D. Concurrent and convergent validity were estimated as correlations between the SWB-5D and the Dutch version of the EQ-5D, ICECAP-A, and PH-17. Assessment of known-groups validity was based on the variables illness, education, and the overall happiness (Cantril Ladder) and overall health scale (EQ-5D VAS).

Results
A representative sample of 1016 respondents of the Dutch population completed an online questionnaire. The SWB-5D showed reasonable concurrent validity and showed good convergent and known-group validity. The SWB-5D had a lower ceiling effect compared to the EQ-5D and ICECAP-A.

Conclusion
Compared to traditional health measurement approaches, novel approaches are more focused on the mental and social pillars of health. The SWB-5D shows psychometric feasibility of comprehensive measurement of health, as indicated by a range of validity measures in a large representative sample of the Dutch population.
Real-time revenue and firm disclosure
Authors: Blankespoor Elizabeth , Hendricks Bradley E. , Piotroski Joseph , Synn Christina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe examine firm disclosure choice when information is received on a real-time, continuous basis. We use transaction-level credit and debit card sales for a sample of retail firms to construct a weekly measure of abnormal revenue for each firm. We validate the informativeness of this abnormal real-time revenue information, confirming its positive correlation with abnormal returns, unexpected revenue realizations, and management revenue forecast news. Using revenue forecasts, we find that firms are less likely to disclose abnormally negative news early in the quarter. As the quarter progresses, firms reduce their withholding of negative news. These results are consistent with impending earnings announcements disciplining managers to provide negative news. This pattern of initial withholding and then disclosure exists primarily in firms with high analyst coverage, high institutional ownership, or high litigation risk. Finally, we find increased insider stock sales in weeks with abnormally negative news and no firm disclosure. Overall, our study provides evidence of the informativeness of real-time information and manager discretion in its release.
Writing a synthesis versus reading: strategies involved and impact on comprehension
Authors: Castells Núria , Minguela Marta , Nadal Esther 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLittle evidence is available regarding the differential impact of reading versus reading and writing on multiple source comprehension. The present study aims to: (1) compare the inferential comprehension performance of students in reading versus reading/synthesis conditions; (2) explore the impact of performing the tasks on paper versus on screen withRead&Answer(R&A) software; and (3) explore the extent to which rereading, notetaking, and the quality of the written synthesis can explain student’s comprehension scores. For the students in the synthesis condition, we also examined the relationship between the quality of the synthesis they produced and the comprehension they achieved. 155 psychology undergraduates were randomly assigned either to the reading (n = 78) or to the reading/synthesis condition (n = 77). From this sample, 79 participants carried out the task with theRead&Answersoftware, and 76 solved the task on paper. All the students took a prior knowledge questionnaire, and read three complementary texts about the conception of intelligence. Students in the reading condition answered an inferential comprehension test, whereas students in the synthesis condition were asked to write a synthesis before taking the same test. Results show no differences in comprehension between students in the four conditions (task and media). There was no significant association between rereading and task condition. However, students in the synthesis condition were more likely to take notes. We found that two of the categories for the quality of the synthesis, textual organization and accuracy of content had an impact on inferential comprehension for the participants who wrote it. The quality of the synthesis mediated between student’s prior knowledge and inferential comprehension.
Certificateless network coding scheme from certificateless public auditing protocol
Authors: Bian Genqing , Song Mingxuan , Shao Bilin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn recent years, network coding has received extensive attention and has been applied to various computer network systems, since it has been mathematically proven to enhance the network robustness and maximize the network throughput. However, it is well-known that network coding is extremely vulnerable to pollution attacks. Certificateless network coding scheme (CLNS) is a recently proposed mechanism to defend against pollution attacks for network coding, which avoids tedious management of certificates and key-escrow attack. Until now, only a few constructions were presented, and more ones should be given so as to enrich this field. In this paper, for the first time, we study the general construction of CLNS from certificateless public auditing protocol (CL-PAP), although the two areas seem to be quite different in their nature and are studied independently. Since there are many candidates of CL-PAPs, we can naturally obtain abundant constructions of CLNSs according to our systematic way. In addition, in order to show the power of the general construction, we also present a concrete implementation given a specific CL-PAP. The performance analysis and experimental results show that the implemented CLNS is competitive in the existing network coding schemes.
Natural language quantification is not polysemous
Authors: Collins John 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe paper argues that natural language quantification, as expressed by determiner phrases, is not polysemous. The foil for this claim is Hofweber (Ontology and the ambitions of metaphysics. Oxford University Press, 2016; Mind, 128:699–734, 2019), who contends that natural language quantification is polysemous between a domain reading and an inferential reading. The thesis is intended to support a more general division between externalist and internalist positions in semantics. The paper, to the contrary, argues that there is no linguistic evidence for polysemous quantification, and Hofweber’s proposal proves to be non-compositional. Further, an approach at least consistent with internalism is available independent of an inferential reading, for natural language quantification can be read as ontologically neutral, which removes the rationale for the polysemy hypothesis. The paper remains neutral on so-called heavyweight (thick) vs. lightweight (thin) construals of quantification, which are not claims about natural language semantics.
Do your own research!
Authors: Levy Neil 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhilosophical tradition and conspiracy theorists converge in suggesting that ordinary people ought to do their own research, rather than accept the word of others. In this paper, I argue that it’s no accident that conspiracy theorists value lay research on expert topics: such research is likely to undermine knowledge, via its effects on truth and justification. Accepting expert testimony is a far more reliable route to truth. Nevertheless, lay research has a range of benefits; in particular, it is likely to lead to greater understanding, even when it does not lead to knowledge. I argue that we can reap most of the genuine benefits of lay research while minimizing the risks by engaging in exploratory, rather than truth-directed, inquiry. To engage in exploratory inquiry is to engage dogmatically, expecting to be unable to confirm the expert view or to disconfirm rivals.
Three-dimensional fully coupled hydro-mechanical-chemical model for solute transport under mechanical and osmotic loading conditions
Authors: Masum Shakil A. , Zhang Zhihong , Tian Gailei , Sultana Mimnun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Mechanical deformation and chemico-osmotic consolidation of clay liners can change its intrinsic transport properties in all direction and can alter fluid and solute transport processes in the entire model domain. These phenomena are described inadequately by lower-dimensional models. Based on the Biot’s consolidation theory, fluid and solute mass conservation equations, a three-dimensional (3D) fully-coupled hydro-mechanical-chemical (HMC) model has been proposed in this study. The impacts of mechanical consolidation and chemico-osmotic consolidation on permeability, hydrodynamic dispersion, solute sorption, membrane efficiency, and chemical osmosis are considered in the model. The model is applied to evaluate performances of a single compacted clay liner (CCL) and a damaged geomembrane-compacted clay composite liner (GMB/CCL) to contain a generic landfill contaminant. Effect of model dimensionality on solute spread for CCL is found to be marginal, but for GMB/CCL the effect is significantly large. After 50-year simulation period, solute concentration at the half-length of the GMB/CCL liner is predicted to be 40% of the source concentration during 1D simulation, which is only 6% during the 3D simulation. The results revealed approximately 74% over-estimation of liner settlement in 1D simulation than that of the 3D for GMB/CL system. Solute spread accelerates (over-estimates) vertically than horizontally since overburden load and consequent mechanical loading-induced solute convection occurs in the same direction. However, in homogeneous and isotropic soils, horizontal spread retards the overall migration of contaminants, and it highlights the importance of 3D models to study solute transports under mechanical and chemico-osmotic loading conditions in semi-permeable clays, especially, for damaged geomembrane-clay liners. The results show the utility of geomembranes to reduce soil settlement, undulation, and restriction of solute migration. Furthermore, application of geomembrane can inhibit development of elevated negative excess pore water pressure at deeper portion of a clay liner.
Spatiotemporal variations of ozone exposure and its risks to vegetation and human health in Cyprus: an analysis across a gradient of altitudes
Authors: Agathokleous Stefanos , Saitanis Costas J. , Savvides Chrysanthos , Sicard Pierre , Agathokleous Evgenios , De Marco Alessandra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGround-level ozone (O3) affects vegetation and threatens environmental health when levels exceed critical values, above which adverse effects are expected. Cyprus is expected to be a hotspot for O3concentrations due to its unique position in the eastern Mediterranean, receiving air masses from Europe, African, and Asian continents, and experiencing a warm Mediterranean climate. In Cyprus, the spatiotemporal features of O3are poorly understood and the potential risks for forest health have not been explored. We evaluated O3and nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2) at four regional background stations at different altitudes over 2014−2016. O3risks to vegetation and human health were estimated by calculating accumulated O3exposure over a threshold of 40 nmol mol−1(AOT40) and cumulative exposure to mixing ratios above 35 nmol mol−1(SOMO35) indices. The data reveal that mean O3concentrations follow a seasonal pattern, with higher levels in spring (51.8 nmol mol−1) and summer (53.2 nmol mol−1) and lower levels in autumn (46.9 nmol mol−1) and winter (43.3 nmol mol−1). The highest mean O3exposure (59.5 nmol mol−1) in summer occurred at the high elevation station Mt. Troodos (1819 m a.s.l.). Increasing (decreasing) altitudinal gradients were found for O3(NOx), driven by summer–winter differences. The diurnal patterns of O3showed little variation. Only at the lowest altitude O3displayed a typical O3diurnal pattern, with hourly differences smaller than 15 nmol mol−1. Accumulated O3exposures at all stations and in all years exceeded the European Union’s limits for the protection of vegetation, with average values of 3-month (limit: 3000 nmol mol−1 h) and 6-month (limit: 5000 nmol mol−1 h) AOT40 for crops and forests of 16,564 and 31,836 nmol mol−1 h, respectively. O3exposures were considerably high for human health, with an average SOMO35 value of 7270 nmol mol−1 days across stations and years. The results indicate that O3is a major environmental and public health issue in Cyprus, and policies must be adopted to mitigate O3precursor emissions at local and regional scales.
The Role of Pharmacogenomics in Opioid Prescribing
Authors: Wong Aaron K. , Somogyi Andrew A. , Rubio Justin , Philip Jennifer 
Published: August 2022

Opinion statementPharmacogenomics is increasingly important to guide objective, safe, and effective individualised prescribing. Personalised prescribing has revolutionised treatments in the past decade, allowing clinicians to maximise drug efficacy and minimise adverse effects based on a person’s genetic profile. Opioids, the gold standard for cancer pain relief, are among the commonest medications prescribed in palliative care practice. This narrative review examines the literature surrounding opioid pharmacogenomics and its applicability to the palliative care cancer population. There is currently limited intersection between the fields of palliative care and pharmacogenomics, but growing evidence presents a need to build linkages between the two disciplines. Pharmacogenomic evidence guiding opioid prescribing is currently available for codeine and tramadol, which relates to CYP2D6 gene variants. However, these medications are prescribed less commonly for pain in palliative care. Research is accelerating with other opioids, where oxycodone (CYP2D6) and methadone (CYP2B6, ABCB1) already have moderate evidence of an association in terms of drug metabolism and downstream analgesic response and side effects. OPRM1 and COMT are receiving increasing attention and have implications for all opioids, with changes in opioid dosage requirements observed but they have not yet been studied widely enough to be considered clinically actionable. Current evidence indicates that incorporation of pharmacogenomic testing into opioid prescribing practice should focus on the CYP2D6 gene and its actionable variants. Although opioid pharmacogenomic tests are not widely used in clinical practice, the progressively reducing costs and rapid turnover means greater accessibility and affordability to patients, and thus, clinicians will be increasingly asked to provide guidance in this area. The upsurge in pharmacogenomic research will likely discover more actionable gene variants to expand international guidelines to impact opioid prescribing. This rapidly expanding area requires consideration and monitoring by clinicians in order for key findings with clinical implications to be accessible, meaningfully interpretable and communicated.
Partial response to first generation SSA guides the choice and predict the outcome of second line therapy in acromegaly
Authors: Chiloiro Sabrina , Costa Denise , Lauretta Rosa , Mercuri Valeria , Sbardella Emilia , Samperi Irene , Appetecchia Marialuisa , Bianchi Antonio , Giampietro Antonella , Gargiulo Patrizia , Isidori Andrea M. , Poggi Maurizio , Pontecorvi Alfredo , De Marinis Laura 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Treatment of acromegaly resistant to first generation somatostatin analogues (first gen-SSA) is often difficult. We aimed to investigate the role of partial response and resistance to first gen-SSA in the choice of second line treatments and their outcomes.

Patients and methods
A retrospective and multicenter study was conducted on 100 SSA-resistant acromegaly patients and treated with Pasireotide Lar (Pasi-Lar), Peg-V in monotherapy (m-Peg-V) or in combination with first gen-SSA (c-Peg-V).

Results
Thirty-three patients (33%) were treated with m-Peg-V, 36 (36%) with c-Peg-V and 31 with Pasi-Lar (31%). According to logistic regression, m-Peg-V was chosen in older patients (p = 0.01) and with not-invasive adenomas (p = 0.009), c-Peg-V therapy in younger patients (p = 0.001), with invasive adenomas (p = 0.02), Pasi-Lar was in invasive adenomas (p = 0.01) and in patients partially responsive to first-gen SSA (p = 0.01). At the last follow-up, 68 patients (68%) reached the acromegaly control: 22 with m-Peg-V (32.4%), 23 with c-Peg-V (33.8%) and 23 with Pasi-Lar (33.8%). Patients non-responsive to c-Peg-V had higher IGF-I levels (median 3.2 x ULN, IQR: 1.6, p < 0.001) and required higher Peg-V dosage (median 30 mg/daily IQR: 10, p = 0.002) as compared to responsive patients (median IGF-I x ULN: 2.1 IQR: 1.4; median Peg-V dosage 20 mg/daily IQR: 10). All patients responsive to Pasi-Lar were partially responsive to first gen-SSAs (p = 0.02).

Conclusion
Our data showed that c-Peg-V and Pasi-Lar are chosen for the treatment of invasive tumors. The partial response to first gen-SSA seems to be the main determinant for the choice of Pasi-Lar and positively predicts the treatment outcome.
Operation rate and cancer prevalence among thyroid nodules with FNAC report of suspicious for malignancy (TIR4) or malignant (TIR5) according to Italian classification system: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Trimboli Pierpaolo , Ferrarazzo Giulia , Piccardo Arnoldo , Lucchini Barbara , Durante Cosimo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
In the Italian system for reporting thyroid cytology (ICCRTC), nodules suspicious for (TIR4) and consistent with (TIR5) malignancy are thought being 5% and 4–8% of all biopsies and having risk of malignancy of 60–80% and >95%, respectively. However, no evidence-based data exist about these figures. The present systematic review aimed at achieving solid estimates about TIR4 and TIR5 also considering potential influencing factors.

Methods
The review was conducted according to MOOSE. Databases of Google Scholar and Cochrane were searched. No language restriction was used. The last search was performed on February 26th 2022. Quality assessment was performed. Proportion meta-analyses were performed using random-effect model. Statistical analyses were performed using OpenMeta [Analyst].

Results
The online search retrieved 271 articles and 16 were finally included for quantitative analysis. The risk of bias was generally low. The pooled cancer prevalence in TIR4 was 92.5% (95%CI 89.4–95.6%) with unexplained moderate heterogeneity. The pooled cancer rate among TIR5 was 99.7% (95%CI 99.3–100%) without heterogeneity. The resection rate in TIR4 and TIR5 showed heterogeneity, being the latter explained when using their prevalence among biopsies: the higher the prevalence, the higher the operation rate. The pooled risk difference between TIR5 and TIR4 was significant (OR 11.153).

Conclusions
These figures can form the basis for the next updated version of ICCRTC. Any institution using ICCRTC should revise its series of TIR4/TIR5 to calculate the cancer rate, and, importantly, consider the modifiers of the risk of malignancy. A cross check among institutions is advised.
EBRAINS Live Papers - Interactive Resource Sheets for Computational Studies in Neuroscience
Authors: Appukuttan Shailesh , Bologna Luca L. , Schürmann Felix , Migliore Michele , Davison Andrew P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe present here an online platform for sharing resources underlying publications in neuroscience. It enables authors to easily upload and distribute digital resources, such as data, code, and notebooks, in a structured and systematic way. Interactivity is a prominent feature of the Live Papers, with features to download, visualise or simulate data, models and results presented in the corresponding publications. The resources are hosted on reliable data storage servers to ensure long term availability and easy accessibility. All data are managed via the EBRAINS Knowledge Graph, thereby helping maintain data provenance, and enabling tight integration with tools and services offered under the EBRAINS ecosystem.