bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-Reported Outcomes after Long-Term Follow-Up of Lisfranc Injuries Treated with Open Reduction Internal Fixation
Authors: Walton David M. , Semaan Derek J. , Shah Ronit , Robbins Christopher , Holmes James R. , Talusan Paul G. 
Published: January 2022

Category: Midfoot/Forefoot; Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Lisfranc injuries are thought to contribute to debilitating outcomes in polytrauma patients. Due to the relative rarity of Lisfranc injuries, consistent long-term follow-up is a challenge and clinical outcomes are difficult to assess in this patient population. As a result, there exists a need for further investigation into patient-related clinical outcomes after Lisfranc injury. The purpose of this study was to collect long-term clinical outcome data following Lisfranc injuries using PROMIS Physical Function (PROMIS-PF) and Visual Analogue Scale-Foot and Ankle (VAS-FA). Methods: A chart review was performed to identify all patients who had surgical treatment of an acute Lisfranc injury at our institution from 2005 to 2014. Of forty-five patients identified, we were able to recruit nineteen for a follow-up clinic visit consisting of a physical exam, administration of questionnaires addressing pain and medication usage, radiographs, and completion of outcome surveys including PROMIS-Physical Function and Visual Analogue Scale-Foot and Ankle. Results: There were 14 female and 5 male patients enrolled in the study with a mean time of 6.25 years from the time of injury. Within this cohort, the mean PROMIS-PF score was 52.4+-8.2 and the mean VAS-Foot and Ankle Score was 76.6+-22.3. The risk factors of age, gender, BMI, smoking status, depression, and time from injury showed no statistically significant association with PROMIS-PF or VAS-FA scores using p<0.05 (Table 1). Conclusion: We report satisfactory long-term patient-reported outcomes using PROMIS-PF and VAS-FA independent of several risk factors. However, the small sample size and observational nature of our study contributed to the lack of significance in the data and limit our ability to further infer which patients would be expected to do worse postoperatively.
Dendritic cell-mediated chronic low-grade inflammation is regulated by the RAGE-TLR4-PKCβ1 signaling pathway in diabetic atherosclerosis
Authors: Zhao Liding , Li Ya , Xu Tian , Lv Qingbo , Bi Xukun , Liu Xianglan , Fu Guosheng , Zou Yunzeng , Ge Junbo , Chen Zhaoyang , Zhang Wenbin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe unique mechanism of diabetic atherosclerosis has been a central research focus. Previous literature has reported that the inflammatory response mediated by dendritic cells (DCs) plays a vital role in the progression of atherosclerosis. The objective of the study was to explore the role of DCs in diabetes mellitus complicated by atherosclerosis.MethodsApoE−/−mice and bone marrow-derived DCs were used for in vivo and in vitro experiments, respectively. Masson’s staining and Oil-red-O staining were performed for atherosclerotic lesion assessment. The content of macrophages and DCs in plaque was visualized by immunohistochemistry. The expression of CD83 and CD86 were detected by flow cytometry. The fluctuations in the RNA levels of cytokines, chemokines, chemokine receptors and adhesions were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. The concentrations of IFN-γ and TNF-α were calculated using ELISA kits and the proteins were detected using western blot. Coimmunoprecipitation was used to detect protein–protein interactions.ResultsCompared with the ApoE−/−group, the volume of atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic root of diabetic ApoE−/−mice was significantly increased, numbers of macrophages and DCs were increased, and the collagen content in plaques decreased. The expression of CD83 and CD86 were significantly upregulated in splenic CD11c+DCs derived from mice with hyperglycemia. Increased secretion of cytokines, chemokines, chemokine receptors, intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM), and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) also were observed. The stimulation of advanced glycation end products plus oxidized low-density lipoprotein, in cultured BMDCs, further activated toll-like receptor 4, protein kinase C and receptor of AGEs, and induced immune maturation of DCs through the RAGE-TLR4-PKCβ1signaling pathway that was bound together by intrinsic structures on the cell membrane. Administering LY333531 significantly increased the body weight of diabetic ApoE−/−mice, inhibited the immune maturation of spleen DCs, and reduced atherosclerotic plaques in diabetic ApoE−/−mice. Furthermore, the number of DCs and macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques was significantly reduced in the LY333531 group, and the collagen content was increased.ConclusionsDiabetes mellitus aggravates chronic inflammation, and promotes atherosclerotic plaques in conjunction with hyperlipidemia, which at least in part through inducing the immune maturation of DCs, and its possible mechanism of action is through the RAGE-TLR4-pPKCβ1signaling pathway.
Long noncoding RNA XIST regulates brown preadipocytes differentiation and combats high-fat diet induced obesity by targeting C/EBPα
Authors: Wu Chunyan , Fang Shu , Zhang Huijian , Li Xiaoqiang , Du Yuejun , Zhang Yudan , Lin Xiaochun , Wang Ling , Ma Xiaoqin , Xue Yaoming , Guan Meiping 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) increases energy expenditure, which makes it an attractive therapeutic strategy for obesity. LncRNAs play an important role in adipocyte differentiation and regulation. Here we assessed the effect of lncRNA XIST on brown preadipocytes differentiation and metabolic regulation.

Methods
XIST expression levels were detected in human perirenal (peri-N) and subcutaneous adipose tissues (sub-Q), brown preadipocytes and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. XIST overexpression and knockdown experiments were performed in brown preadipocytes. XIST overexpression mouse model was established by plasmid injection through tail vein.

Results
In human adipose tissues, XIST expression was significantly higher in female than in male individuals. In vitro, XIST expression was significantly up-regulated during brown adipocyte differentiation. XIST knockdown inhibited differentiation of brown preadipocytes, while overexpression of XIST promotes brown preadipocytes to fully differentiation. RNA Binding Protein Immunoprecipitation (RIP) experiment revealed that XIST could directly bind to C/EBPα. In vivo, XIST overexpression prevents high-fat diet induced obesity and improves metabolic dysorder in male mice.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that XIST combats obesity through BAT activation at least partly by combination with transcription factor C/EBPα.
Efficacy profile of noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation on cortical spreading depression susceptibility and the tissue response in a rat model
Authors: Liu Tzu-Ting , Morais Andreia , Takizawa Tsubasa , Mulder Inge , Simon Bruce J. , Chen Shih-Pin , Wang Shuu-Jiun , Ayata Cenk , Yen Jiin-Cherng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) has recently emerged as a promising therapy for migraine. We previously demonstrated that vagus nerve stimulation inhibits cortical spreading depression (CSD), the electrophysiological event underlying migraine aura and triggering headache; however, the optimal nVNS paradigm has not been defined.

Methods
Various intensities and doses of nVNS were tested to improve efficacy on KCl-evoked CSD frequency and electrical threshold of CSD in a validated rat model. Chronic efficacy was evaluated by daily nVNS delivery for four weeks. We also examined the effects of nVNS on neuroinflammation and trigeminovascular activation by western blot and immunohistochemistry.

Results
nVNS suppressed susceptibility to CSD in an intensity-dependent manner. Two 2-minute nVNS 5 min apart afforded the highest efficacy on electrical CSD threshold and frequency of KCl-evoked CSD. Daily nVNS for four weeks did not further enhance efficacy over a single nVNS 20 min prior to CSD. The optimal nVNS also attenuated CSD-induced upregulation of cortical cyclooxygenase-2, calcitonin gene-related peptide in trigeminal ganglia, and c-Fos expression in trigeminal nucleus caudalis.

Conclusions
Our study provides insight on optimal nVNS parameters to suppress CSD and suggests its benefit on CSD-induced neuroinflammation and trigeminovascular activation in migraine treatment.
Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the liver in a middle-aged woman: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ye Haikun , Liu Zirong , Zhang Yamin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumor (EMRT) is a rare and high-mortality malignant tumor, which is more common in infants and rarely seen in adults. We firstly report a case of liver malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) with a loss of SMARCB1 gene (alias INI1, SNF5, BAF47) expression in a middle-aged woman, and preliminarily summarize the clinical characteristics and discuss its potential treatment of liver MRT by reviewing 55 cases reported in the past.

Case presentation
We report a 40-year-old woman who was admitted to our hospital for right epigastric pain. Previously, the patient was treated with liver hematoma in another hospital until she came to our hospital for abdominal pain again. In our hospital, we performed surgical treatment on her and the pathology diagnosed EMRT with negative expression of SMARCB1. After surgery, the patient underwent genetic testing, but failed to screen for sensitive targeted or conventional chemotherapy drugs, and she did not receive further treatment. Due to lack of timely diagnosis and effective chemotherapy drugs, tumor recurrence and metastasis occurred one year after surgery. Then the patient chose traditional Chinese medicine for treatment. And the metastatic tumors had still progressed after one year of treatment, but the patient didn’t have obvious discomfort symptoms.

Conclusions
Liver MRT is a highly aggressive tumor with high metastatic potential and poor prognosis. It lacks specific symptoms and signs and is easy to be ignored and misdiagnosed. The mortality rate is extremely high as there is no effective treatment. But most tumors are accompanied by SMARCB1 deficiency, which may offer new research directions for cancer therapeutics. For the present, early detection, early diagnosis and early resection remain the key to improve the prognosis of patients.
Aging-in-place preferences and institutionalization among Japanese older adults: a 7-year longitudinal study
Authors: Nakagawa Takeshi , Noguchi Taiji , Komatsu Ayane , Ishihara Masumi , Saito Tami 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
In Asia, where autonomous decision-making is not well accepted, little is known about whether and how individuals’ preferences are considered when deciding where they receive care. This study examined whether individuals preferring to age in place if confined to bed were less likely to be institutionalized, using longitudinal data of Japanese older adults.

Methods
We analyzed nationally representative data of 1,290 community-dwelling older adults aged 70 and above. Baseline data were collected in 1999, shortly before the long-term care insurance system was introduced. The outcome was measured as self- or proxy-reported years of institutionalization over seven years. The explanatory variable was whether individuals preferred to age in place if they were confined to bed. Participants were asked about their desired place of care (facility, home, or other) if confined to bed. Covariates were sociodemographic and health-related factors. We used Cox proportional hazards models and calculated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the association of aging-in-place preferences if confined to bed with institutionalization. We applied multiple imputation to deal with missing data.

Results
Seventy-eight respondents (6.0%) were institutionalized during the follow-up period. Compared to individuals preferring to reside in long-term care facilities if confined to bed (48.7%), those preferring to stay in their homes (39.6%) were less likely to be institutionalized, even after adjusting for relevant covariates (HR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.27–0.79 for model 1 including residential status; HR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.27–0.76 for model 2 including marital status and co-resident children).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that individuals’ aging-in-place preferences tend to be considered under the long-term care insurance system. Individuals’ preferences should be shared with families and clinicians when deciding the place of care.
Characteristics associated with HIV and hepatitis C seroprevalence among sexual and injecting partners of HIV positive persons who inject drugs in Nairobi and coastal Kenya
Authors: Sambai Betsy C. , Kingston Hanley , Monroe-Wise Aliza , Mbogo Loice , Juma Emily , Ludwig-Barron Natasha , Guthrie Brandon L. , Bukusi David , Chohan Bhavna H. , Scott John , Bosire Rose , Dunbar Matthew , Macharia Paul , Masyuko Sarah , Sinkele William , Herbeck Joshua T. , Farquhar Carey 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Persons who inject drugs (PWID) have higher HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) seroprevalence than the general population in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The seroprevalences of HIV and HCV are also higher in coastal Kenya than in Nairobi. Understanding drivers of regional HIV and HCV variation among PWID in Kenya may inform population-specific prevention interventions.

Methods
Using a cross-sectional study, we defined HIV and HCV seroprevalence among persons identified as sexual or injecting partners of HIV positive PWID in two regions of Kenya and used logistic regression to identify demographic and behavioral characteristics associated with higher seroprevalence.

Results
Among 2386 partners, 469 (19.7%) tested HIV positive and 297(12.4%) tested HCV antibody positive. Partners on the Coast were more likely to live with HIV (seroprevalences: Coast = 23.8%, Nairobi = 17.1%; p < 0.001) and be HCV antibody positive (seroprevalences: Coast = 17.0%, Nairobi = 8.6%; p < 0.001). After adjusting for sex, age, and years injecting and accounting for clustering by site, the higher prevalence of both diseases in the Coast remained significant for HIV (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.13–2.51) but not for HCV (OR 1.72, 95% CI 0.84–3.74). Compared to those recruited in Nairobi, partners on the Coast were older (Coast = 35 years, Nairobi = 31 years; p < 0.001), more likely to be male (Coast = 77.6%, Nairobi = 61.7%; p < 0.001), to have paid (Coast = 59.2%, Nairobi = 32.8%; p < 0.001) or received (Coast = 44.2%, Nairobi 35.4%; p < 0.001) money for sex, or to have had sex with someone they knew to be HIV positive (Coast 22.0%, Nairobi 10.8%; p < 0.001). Partners who had injected for five or more years had 1.48 times greater odds (95% CI 1.20–1.82) of living with HIV compared to partners who injected less than 5 years and more than twice the odds of HCV (95% CI 1.84–4.11).

Conclusion
HIV and HCV seroprevalence among sexual and injecting partners of PWID was, respectively, 5 times and > 12 times greater than is reported among the general population in Kenya (4% and < 1%, respectively). Providing resources and education will be crucial to reduce exposure and to maintain the lower needle and equipment sharing that we observed compared to other studies.
The 6-minute walk test predicts mortality in a pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria-predominant bronchiectasis cohort
Authors: Blakney Rebekah A. , Ricotta Emily E. , Follmann Dean , Drew Jessica , Carey Kelly A. , Glass Lisa N. , Robinson Chevalia , MacDonald Sandra , McShane Pamela J. , Olivier Kenneth N. , Fennelly Kevin , Prevots D. Rebecca 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition frequently associated with nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary (NTM) disease. Persons with these conditions are at increased risk of mortality. Patient reported outcome (PRO) instruments and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) have been shown to predict mortality for several lung conditions, but these measures have not been fully evaluated for bronchiectasis and NTM.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study among adult patients enrolled in a natural history study of bronchiectasis at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Electronic medical records were queried for demographic, clinical, microbiologic, radiographic, and PRO instrument data: St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale, and the Pulmonary Symptom Severity Score (PSSS). The study baseline date was defined as the patient’s first visit after January 1st, 2015 with a SGRQ or 6MWT completed. Follow-up was defined as the interval between the study baseline visit and date of death or December 31st, 2019. Sex-stratified Cox proportional-hazards regression was conducted to identify predictors of mortality. Separate models were run for each PRO and 6MWT measure, controlling for age, body mass index (BMI), fibrocavitary disease status, and M. abscessus infection.

Results
In multivariable Cox proportional-hazards regression models, the PSSS-severity (aHR 1.29, 95% CI 1.04–1.59), the 6MWT total distance walked (aHR 0.938, 95% CI 0.896–0.981) and distance saturation product (aHR 0.930, 95% CI 0.887–0.974) independently predicted mortality. In addition, BMI was significantly predictive of mortality in all models.

Conclusions
The 6MWT and a PRO instrument capturing symptom severity are independently predictive of mortality in our cohort of bronchiectasis patients.
The effectiveness and safety of corticosteroid therapy for IgA nephropathy with crescents: a prospective, randomized, controlled study
Authors: Liang Mengjun , Xiong Liping , Li Aihua , Zhou Jiafan , Huang Yajuan , Huang Miaofang , Zhang Xing , Shi Hongrui , Su Ning , Wei Yi , Jiang Zongpei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Pozzi protocol (methylprednisolone intravenous infusion in 1st-3rd-5th months and oral steroid for 6 months) has been thought to be the classic therapy for IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients with proteinuria> 1.0 g/24 h. There is no consensus on the treatments for IgAN with active pathological changes, especially for IgAN patients with crescents proportion < 50%. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the treatment protocol of methylprednisolone intravenous infusion at the 1st-2nd-3rd months for IgAN patients with crescents.

Methods
In this prospective, randomized, controlled, non-blind study, 68 IgAN patients with crescents proportion < 50% were divided into the 1–2-3 group receiving 0.25 g/d methylprednisolone intravenously for 3 consecutive days in the 1st-2nd-3rd months, and oral prednisone 0.5 mg/kg/d on consecutive days for 6 months and the 1–3-5 group with the same intravenous methylprednisolone treatment in the 1st-3rd-5th months, and the same oral prednisone. The primary outcome measure was remission of proteinuria (complete or partial); while the secondary outcome measures were deterioration of renal function (evidenced by a 50% rise from baseline serum creatinine levels, or a 25% decline from baseline eGFR levels).

Results
There was no significant difference in incidence of crescents (median 14.66% vs. 11.45%, p = 0.143) between the 1–2-3 and 1–3-5 groups. From month 1 to month 6, there was a decreasing trend in the levels of urine protein and serum creatinine and an increasing trend in eGFR in both groups. The mean period of remission in the 1–2-3 group seemed shorter. Overall, there were 55 (80.89%) patients meeting remission. The rates of remission in the 1–2-3 group and 1–3-5 group were 85.3 and 76.47%, respectively (P = 0.644). The 1–2-3 group had lower creatinine and higher eGFR than the 1–3-5 group, but the difference was not significant. The complication rate was 11.11 and 15.79% in the two groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in the complications between groups.

Conclusions
Both the 1st-3rd-5th and 1st-2nd-3rd protocols can effectively alleviate proteinuria and protect renal function in IgAN patients with crescents but the 1st-2nd-3rd protocol seemed to have better effectiveness.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT02160132, Registered June 10, 2014.
Serum chromogranin A correlated with albuminuria in diabetic patients and is associated with early diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Yu Hui , Wang Hongping , Su Xue , Cao Aili , Yao Xingmei , Wang Yunman , Zhu Bingbing , Wang Hao , Fang Ji 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The kidney is the main site for the removal of chromogranin A (CgA). Previous studies have found that patients with renal impairment displayed elevated concentrations of CgA in plasma and that CgA concentrations reflect a deterioration of renal function. In this study, we aimed to estimate serum CgA levels and to evaluate the role of serum CgA in the early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Methods
A total of 219 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were included in this cross-sectional study. These patients were classified into normoalbuminuria (n = 121), microalbuminuria (n = 73), or macroalbuminuria (n = 25) groups based on their urine albumin to creatinine ratios (UACRs). The degree of DN is reflected by UACR. A control group consisted of 45 healthy subjects. The serum CgA levels were measured by ELISA, and other key parameters were assayed.

Results
Serum CgA levels were higher in patients with T2DM than in control subjects, and a statistically significant difference among the studied subgroups regarding CgA was found (P < 0.05). The levels of serum CgA increased gradually with the degree of DN (P < 0.001). Serum CgA levels showed a moderate-intensity positive correlation with UACRs (P < 0.001). A cutoff level of 3.46 ng/ml CgA showed 69.86% sensitivity and 66.12% specificity to detect DN in the early stage.

Conclusion
The levels of serum CgA increased gradually with the degree of DN and can be used as a biomarker in the early detection of DN.