bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apple,

P.

Ulmi

Early Control, 1975
Authors: Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test materials were applied to apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays with a hand gun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 300 psi. In Tests 1 and 2, 10-year-old trees were sprayed at rates of 300 and 500 gallons per acre, respectively; in Test 3, 25-year-old trees were treated at 200 gallons per acre. Spray dates were May 9 (half-inch green). May 20 (pink), May 30 (petal fall), and June 10-11 (first cover). The standard pesticide program consisted of captan 80W (1.0-1.5 lb/100 gal) on 11 dates, Epsom salts (15 lb) on May 30, Solubor (1 lb) on June 10, Marlate 50W (3 lb) on May 30, June 10, and 23, and lead arsenate (2 lb) on July 3. There were no tank-mixtures of acaricides with other pesticides. There were 4 single-tree replications per treatment. A randomized complete block design was utilized with 1 Cortland (C) and 3 Red Delicious (RD) cultivars per treatment in Test 1; 1 Golden Delicious (GD), 1 Early Mcintosh, 1 RD, and 1 C per treatment in Test 2; and 1 RD and 3 GD per treatment in Test 3. From each tree, 25 leaves were collected mostly at chest height around the periphery of the tree, brought into the laboratory, and brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20-alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day. Mite population pressure was very severe. May and June were hot and dry except for unusually rainy weather the first 2 weeks of June.
Apple, Insecticide Tests, 1975
Authors: Jackson J. O. , Koval C. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dilute insecticide sprays were applied at 300 psi with a no. 2 gunjet until run-off to apple test plots at the Arlington Horticultural orchard (Arlington, Wisconsin) and the Potter Preserve orchard (Baraboo, Wisconsin). Polyram (2 lb) was applied at green tip (May 13) and with all plots at petal-fall (May 19) and covers (June 3, 9; July 7, 21; August 6, 25) at Arlington. At Baraboo, Cyprex (0.75 lb) was applied prebloom (May 12,20) and to all plots (June 2, 9, 30; July 15, 28; August 13,26). Treatment plots included 10-14 trees each at Arlington and blocks of 40 to 50 trees each at Baraboo.
Control of Fall Webworm, 1975
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Baldersfon C. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On September 3, 1975 we tagged and sprayed 18 native trees and shrubs (including cherry, elm and honeysuckle) which supported light infestations (1-2 webs/tree) of early to middle instar fall webworm larvae (8-25 mm long). Three plants (replicates) were sprayed with each treatment. An hydraulic Myers sprayer was used at 200 psi to thoroughly drench webs and entire host plante. Special effort was made to destroy webs wim the stream of spray. Prior to treatment, each web was closely inspected and the number of larvae and their size were estimated. Mortality was recorded 48 hours post treatment by inspecting webs and surrounding foliage.
Blueberry Thrips Control, 1975
Authors: Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On a new burn field at Sedgwick, Maine, test materials were applied to 2 x 3 ft plots on May 21 (newly emerging stems averaged 1/4 inch in height), May 24 (new growth averaged 1/2 inch), and May 28 (new growth at 3/4 inch). Dusts were placed into test tubes and applied onto the plots with a bicycle hand pump; a cage covered with clear plastic and located over the plot during the dusting was used to confine the dust to the plot. Cygon was mixed with water added at a rote of 50 gal per acre and sprayed onto the plots with a hand sprayer. No other pesticides were applied to the plots. There were 4 replications per treatment. A randomized complete block design was utilized with some blocks located in high thrips’ pressure areas and some in low. On July 30 all stems in each plot were counted, and stems were recorded as being curled (thrips’ injury) or noncurled. Percent effectiveness is based on Abbott’s formula. The number of stems ranged from 1402 to 1566 per treatment.
Citrus Rust Mite Control with Selected Acaricides, 1975
Authors: French J. Victor 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Acaricides were screened for efficacy against citrus rust mite on grapefruit. Treatments were completely randomized with each acaricide replicated on 3 mature trees. Tree spacing was 25 ft x 25 ft. To minimize chance contamination from spray drift trees in alternate rows were used for treatment. No emulsifiers or sticking agents were added; however, in one case an acaricide-citrus oil spray combination was tested. Treatments were applied by handgun of a Hardie Dilute Sprayer at 550 psi, ca. 20 gal spray per tree. Treatments were made initially on May 20, 1975 and reapplied on August 18, 1975. Leaf samples (20 per tree) were picked at two week intervals posttreatment and examined microscopically for rust mite. A leaf was considered infested if any living mites were found. Percent of infested leaves were averaged for the 3 replicates of each treatment.
Dry Beans, Mexican Bean Beetle Control, 1975
Authors: York Alan C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Light red kidney beans were planted using a “Planet Junior” in 25 ft rows on 30 inch centers on June 5, 1975 near French Lick, Indiana. Three treatments including a check were arranged in a randomized block design with 4 replicates. Each treatment consisted of 2 sprayed rows separated from the next treatment by an unsprayed row. Soil type was silt loam with fragipans, moderate to poorly drained. Insecticides were applied on 5 dates (June 18/ June 27, July 8, July 16, July 30) with a compressed air sprayer at the rate of 100 gallons spray per acre, 40 psi. Mexican bean beetles (egg masses, larvae, and adults) were counted on 3 occasions: the first 2, entire plants were examined; on the third, 10 trifoliate leaves were examined. Plots were harvested by hand on September 17 (15 row feet per repl), shelled, and weighed.
Arden Symphylan Control With Furadan
Authors: Berry Ralph E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Studies were conducted in 1974 and 1975 in naturally infested fields to evaluate the effectiveness of Furadan and Dyfonate against the garden symphylan. Plots (20 x 12 ft) were arranged in pairs and treatments were applied at random in a randomized block design to one plot of each pair and the other was left as a check. Check plots were used to adjust the response in the treated plots for variation in the distribution of symphylans in the fields. Each pair of plots was replicated twice in 1974 and fcJur times in 1975. Granular (10 G) and flowable (4 F) Furadan and Dyfonate were applied with a hand applicator (liquids in I gallon of water) in a 7-inch band to previously marked rows spaced 36 inches apart. Furadan was applied at 1.0 and 2.0 lb a.i./acre and Dyfonate at 2.0 lb a.i./acre. In 1974, four rows of sweet corn (var. Golden Bantam) were planted through the bands immediately after treatment (May 8). In 1975, two rows of sweet corn (var. Jubilee) and two rows of field corn (var. Pioneer 3872) were planted through the bands immediately after treatment (May 14 and May 20 at location one and two, respectively). In 1974, four soil samples (25.4 cm deep) were taken at random with a small spade from each treatment on June 17 and August 6. In 1975, two soil samples were taken at random from each treatment on June 17 and June 30 at location one, and on July 8 and July 16 at location two. Soil samples were placed in plastic bags and symphylans were extracted from the samples in the laboratory by water flotation. In 1974, estimates of sweet corn yield were taken August 27 by picking all ears from the center two rows of each treatment. In 1975, estimates of sweet corn yield were token September 2 from all rows at both locations and estimates of yield of field corn were taken from all rows on September 22.
European Corn Borer Control and Yield of Yolo Wonder Peppers
Authors: Libby J. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Yolo Wonder variety sweet peppers were transplanted on May 23, 1975. Plots consisted of 10 plants per row, 4 rows per plot and 4 replicates per treatment in a complete block design. The soil type was Plainfield Loamy Sand, pH 6.2. The moisture on this crop was 16 inches of rainfall and overhead irrigation. The 2 center rows of each plot were sprayed on July 9, 16, 23, 30, August 6, and 13 using tractor mounted Myers sprayer with a 6 ft boom delivering 33 gal of spray per acre. European corn borer egg masses at 2 egg masses per plant were pinned on one sprayed row of plants in each plot on July 29. European corn borer damage readings and yields were taken on August 18.
Control of Alfalfa Looper Larvae on Spring Spinach, 1975
Authors: Halfhill J. E. , Treat T. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
All insecticides were applied at 4.2 kg/cm2 (air pressure) and 380 1/ha through D2-13 “TEEJET” hollowcone nozzles mounted 28 cm apart on a rear-mounted boom sprayer fitted to a JD-420 tractor travelling at 4.4 km/hr. The boom height was adjusted to provide maximum coverage of the foliage as the plants grew. There were 3 replications of each treatment. Treatments were applied to 1.5 x 6 m, 4-row beds (35 cm interrow spacing). The crop was planted on April 2 and was sprinkler irrigated (2.5 cm), usually 2 to 3 days prior to each of the weekly treatments begun May 30. Temperatures ranged from 10 to 30°C during the test period. The afternoon prior to each treatment, two, 1.2 x 1.5 m sites at the ends of each bed were stocked with 2nd to 5th stage larvae from the laboratory culture to ensure populations of uniform size and stage. The percentage control obtained at harvest on June 15 was determined by cutting and examining the foliage, and the soil beneath at each site.
B

.

Thurberiella

Control in Cotton, 1975
Authors: Watson T. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four treatments were replicated 4 times in randomized blocks. Plots were 6 rows wide and 280 ft long. Applications were made with a high clearance ground sprayer using 40 psi and 3 nozzles per row at a speed of 5 mph and applying 8.6 gallons per acre. The initial treatment was applied when larvae averaged 0.5/leaf and was continued every 7 days for 8 applications. Sampling was done weekly and just prior to treatment. Yields were taken from the center 2 rows of each plot. Cotton fruiting was poor and variable throughout the test area.
Effects of Treatments of Small Grains with Systemic Insecticides on Control of Barley Yellow Dwarf, 1975
Authors: Reed H. E. , Chambers A. Y. , Lentz G. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In a field test at the West Tennessee Experiment Station, Jackson, Tennessee, 4 systemic insecticides were tested in 9 treatments for control of aphids which transmit barley yellow dwarf virus on oats, barley and wheat. Seeding date for all small grains was September 20, 1974. Four replications of each insecticide treatment were made on each cereal using a randomized complete-block design. Each small grain plot consisted of 5, 25 ft rows, 7.5 inches apart and with 2 ft between plots. The 1.0 lb rate treatment of each insecticide was applied just before seeding using a Gandy fertilizer applicator to spread and mix the insecticides into the upper 2 inches of soil. The 2.0 lb treatment of each insecticide was split, with 1.0 lb being applied and mixed into the upper 2 inches of soil just before seeding and the remaining 1.0 lb applied as top dressing 30 days later. Foliage data on severity of barley yellow dwarf were taken on May 8 and grain yields were obtained at harvest time on June 13, 1975.
Peanut Injury and Southern Corn Rootworm Chemical Control. Suffolk, 1975
Authors: Smith John C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Peanuts ‘Va. 61R‘ planted May 21, 1975 received band applications of granular insecticides and foliar sprays at delayed pegging on July 22, 1975. Plots were 4 rows (36 inch spacing) by 20 ft length with 5 ft alleys between 4 replications in randomized blocks. Soil was classified as a Bertie Sandy Loam. The test area had been in continuous corn production for 10 or more years. Granular insecticides were applied as 14-inch bands with precalibrated, tractor-mounted, Ezee Flow, granular applicators driven by electric motors. Sprays were applied as 12-inch bands over the foliage with a CO2 pressure-regulated, knapsack sprayer calibrated to deliver 18 gal/acre at 50 psi. Treatments were not incorporated into the soil by cultivation due to excessive vine growth at the time of application. Insect damage evaluations were made September 15 to 19, 1975 by hand-digging 4 randomly selected plants from the 2 center rows of each plot. Mature and immature peanuts were pulled from the composite sample, washed and evaluated for rootworm feeding injury. Pods were separated into categories of mature and immature as an aid in evaluating residual efficacy of the chemicals. Weather patterns were unusually dry during August and likely affected efficacy of some insecticides. Rootworm injury on control plots was considered sufficient for good chemical evaluation.
Apple, Aphid Control, 1984
Authors: Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test chemicals were applied on 1 Aug to 7-year-old apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays, using a hand gun and a hydraulic sprayer operating at 250 psi and 300 gal/acre. There were 2 single-tree replications in a randomized complete block design. Prior to treatment, 5 succulent terminal shoots were tagged around the periphery of each tree at a height of 1 to 2 m. Evaluation was based on a count of all live aphids on the distal 4 unfurled and 1 furled leaves and on each terminal stem included by these leaves. Aug was a dry warm month, and the maximum daily temperatures for 5 days following treatment ranged from 85° to 90°F.
Insect Control on Sweet Corn in Alabama, 1984
Authors: Kouskolekas C. A. , Harper J. D. , Hollingsworth M. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted at the Auburn University North Alabama Horticulture Substation, Cullman, AL. Plots were 6 rows (44-inch centers) by 50 ft. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications per treatment was used. Applications were made with a high clearance sprayer operating at 40 psi and delivering 41 gal/acre through three TX-18 hollow-cone nozzles, 1 over each row and 2 directed into the side of each row at the level of the ears. Applications were initiated on 18 Jul at initial silking and were continued every 2 days until 7 Aug (11 applications). On 8 Aug, 20 ears were randomly selected from the 2 middle rows of each plot. Ears were shucked, examined for larval damage and rated according to the following 1 to 6 scale: 1, clean; 2, slight silk or tip damage; 3, tip damage of &lt; 1.5 inch; 4, tip damage of &gt; 1.5 inch; 5, side damage; 6, tip and side damage. Ears rated as 4 or higher were considered unmarketable. The total number of CEW and FAW found in each sample of 20 ears was also recorded.
Efficacy and Yield Evaluations of Resmethrin Treatments on Cucumber, 1984
Authors: Roberts James E. , Saluta Michael A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Semi-bush type cucumber transplants were raised in a soilless media in the greenhouse facilities of VPI & SU, Blacksburg, VA. After a whitefly infestation was established on the plants in the greenhouse, they were transplanted 14 and 15 Jun on black plastic in a lodi loam soil field on the VPI & SU Hortic. Res. Farm near Blacksburg. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Each replicate consisted of three 30-ft rows with 10 plants per row (3-ft plant spacing). Row placement was 7 ft with 5-ft alleys between replicates. Two rates of resmethrin 26% EC were applied on the following dates: 25 Jun, 3 Jul, 9 Jul, 16 Jul, 27 Jul, 2 Aug, 10 Aug, 17 Aug, and 31 Aug. A compressed air sprayer was used for placement of the insecticide over each treated row of plants. One Teejet 8003 fan-type nozzle, delivering 20 gal/acre at 30 psi, was used on 25 Jun and 3 Jul. Two Teejet 8004 fan-type nozzles (30-inch boom nozzle spacing), delivering 50 gal/acre at 30 psi, were used for all other application dates. Maintenance fungicide treatments were also applied, separately from the insecticide treatments, on each application date. They included: Bravo 500 g/1 at 2.75 pt/acre (25 Jun-31 Aug) and Bayleton 50 WP at 2.0 oz/acre (10 Aug-31 Aug).
Insecticide Efficacy Trial, 1983
Authors: Muruvanda Devaiah A. , Beardsley John W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eggplant seedlings were transplanted on 6 Jim, ’83 at the Waimanalo Experiment Station, Waimanalo, HI. Plots were 6.09 m long and 4.57 m wide arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replicates and 5 treatments. Each plot was 3 rows wide. Treatments were applied by hand using a Maruyama Power Sprayer, with a single nozzle which was operated at 100 psi to deliver 100 gal/acre. Sprays were applied 12 Sep and 10 Oct, ’83. Thrips and mite counts were made on leaves and fruits on 23 Aug, 19 Sep and 17 Oct, 83. Populations of thrips of mites were recorded by examining 6 randomly selected leaves (third fully expanded leaf from tip) per plot together with 6 young fruits (ca. 5 cm long). Prior to counting, thrips and mites were fixed in place by application of an aerosol hairspray over both surfaces of sampled leaves and all over the sampled fruits. Populations counts of thrips and mites were transformed Y + 0.5 before analysis. Data are presented in the original scale.
Apple, Standard Miticide Evaluations, 1984
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L. J. , David P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to mature York trees using single tree plots arranged in a randomized block design and replicated 4 times. Trees were sprayed to runoff using a Bean 35 gal/min hydraulic sprayer operating at 400 psi. Treatments were applied 14 Jun, 27 Jun and 11 Jul. Mites and eggs were counted by randomly selecting 25 leaves/replicate, brushing onto glass plates with a modified Henderson-McBurnie brushing machine and counting all motile forms and viable eggs with a binocular microscope. A pre-treatment count on 12 Jun showed 5.25 mites/leaf and 27.84 eggs/leaf.
Effect of Various Soil and Foliar Applied Insecticides on Leafminers in Bell Peppers, 1984
Authors: Rover Tom A. , Edelson J. V. , Cartwright B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pepper seeds were planted 15 Mar on a Willacy fine sandy loam into double-row beds (10 inch rows, 40 inch ceners) at the Texas A&M Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX. Plots were 45 ft long by 2 beds wide and bordered by 1 row of forage sorglium. Sixteen treatments were replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Soil treatments were injected as a side-dress application to each row on 15 May using gravity-fed soil injection equipment at a rate of 10 gal/ acre. Foliar treatments were applied weekly beginning 15 May through a CO2 powered, tractor-mounted spray boom at 5.5 gal/acre (4 mph, 45 psi, 2 TX4 hollow cone nozzles/bed). Monitor and Trithion were applied at 10 lb (AI)/acre during the first 4 sprays and at 1 lb (AI)/acre during the last 4 sprays. Spray dates were 1, 8, 15, 21 and 29 Jun and 6, 13 and 20 Jul. Efiicacy was evaluated using 4 methods. (1) Weekly leaf samples were collected from each plot 72 h post-spray (10 leaves/plot) and held in modified 1 pt ice cream cartons for adult emergence. (2) Weekly counts of larvae and pupae were collected from 3 styrofoam pupal trays/plot. (3) Counts of leaf abscission points (LAP) and remaining leaves (RL) were taken from 10 randomly selected plants/plot. Percent leaf drop (PDL) was calculated by the formula LAP/(LAF + RL) X 100. (4) Fruit was collected from 10 randomly selected plants/plot.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle with Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides, 1984
Authors: Baird Craig R. , Sandvol Larry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 15 May ’84 in declo silt loam soil. Plots consisting of 8 treatments and 4 replications were 4 rows X 25 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design. “At-planting” treatments (*) were placed in the planting row. Late treatments (**) were side dressed 6 inches deep and 4 inches to the side of potato plants 7 wk after planting.
Foliar Spray for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle in Potatoes, 1984
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 12 Apr, ’84, in a Sassafras sandy loam field. Plots were 20 ft long, 5 ft wide and replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design; a guard row buffered each treated row. Treatments were applied with a self-propelled, high-clearance sprayer with 1 drop nozzle on each side of the row and 1 over the center calibrated to deliver 83 gal/acre at 2(X) psi. Treatments were applied on 20, 27, Jun, 10, 17 and 25 Jul. Plant % defoliation was recorded on 3, 13 and 30 Jul. Number of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) larvae per 5 hills were recorded on 2 Jul. Number of European corn borer (ECB) damaged stems per 5 hills were recorded on 2 Jul. Yields (ewt/A) were recorded on 14 Aug. Plots were irrigated when moisture was below normal.
Apple, Airblast Acaricide Evaluation Test, 1984
Authors: Hull L. A. , Breth D. I. , Beers E. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experimental acaricide in various concentrations was applied at various times in the season to single 0.15 acre plots in a randomized block design consisting of 4 replicates of York Imperial and Golden Delicious trees (6 yr old). All treatments except the last were applied on alternate sides with a Myers Mity Mist sprayer calibrated at 50 gpa, 2 mph, 320 psi. Sprays for the last treatment were applied to both sides of trees with a dilute handgun. Dates of application were as follows: 26 Apr (Sunspray 6E oil only) 2 May (all treatments except Oil both sides), 30 Jul (all treatments except Oil, 1 side). The combination of NC-21314 and Carzol was applied on 30 Jul to 1 side of trees. During the season, general maintenance sprays of fungicides (Bravo, Bayleton, Benlate, Captan, and Zineb), insecticides (Lorsban, Dipel, Guthion, Penncap M) as well as calcium chloride were applied with a Friend Airmaster calibrated at 50 gpa and driven 2.3 mph. Average temperatures were: May 58.5° F, Jun 70.3° F, Jul 71.3° F, and Aug 72.6° F. Rainfall in inches totaled: May 4.51, Jun 4.42, Jul 5.86, and Aug 7.33. Effect of treatments on ERM was evaluated by counting mites several times during the season on samples of 25 leaves/tree, 100 leaves/treatment (York Imperial only). S. punctum was observed by 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of test trees (York Imperial only). Pest pressure was moderate throughout the season.