bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Analytic Solution to the Inverse Dynamics of an Energy Harvesting Tethered Kite
Authors: Bhattacharjee Debapriya , Tiburcio Miguel Alvarez , Opila Daniel F. , Vermillion Christopher , Fathy Hosam K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper solves the inverse dynamics of a tethered kite analytically. Specifically, the paper presents a procedure for determining the angle of attack, induced roll angle, and tether tension magnitude needed to achieve a desired combination of translational kite position, velocity, and acceleration. The focus of the paper is on energy harvesting kites. However, the underlying approach is applicable to other kite systems, such as kites for propulsion (e.g., SkySails, Hamburg, Germany). Solving inverse kite dynamics analytically is valuable for trajectory optimization, online state estimation, and the analysis of fundamental limitations on kite maneuvers. Previous work in the literature presents several models of kite dynamics, with varying degrees of fidelity and complexity. However, the nonlinearity of these models often makes them difficult to use for optimization, estimation, and control. The paper shows that, under reasonable assumptions, inverse kite dynamics can be solved in terms of the roots of a fourth-order polynomial function of angle of attack. This function has a geometric interpretation, providing insight into the multiplicity of resulting solutions. Moreover, for special cases including a kite with noncambered wings, these solutions can be computed analytically. A simulation validates the success of the proposed approach in computing inverse kite dynamics for a cross-current trajectory.
Study on Tribological Properties of Oxygen-Doped High-Entropy Alloy Coating Against Brush Wires at High Temperatures
Authors: Wang Guohua , Liu Xuesong , Fan Jun , Pu Jibin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The lubricating coating with good wear resistance at high temperatures is a critical challenge for the protective coatings of aerospace engine rotor. High-entropy alloy coatings show a potential to deal with that. The impacts of various oxygen contents in VAlTiCrW high-entropy alloy coatings on the mechanical properties at room temperature and tribological properties at 700 °C were studied systematically. When the oxygen flow increased from 0 sccm to 10 sccm, the hardness of the coatings increased from 3.3 GPa to 11.9 GPa, and the elastic modulus increased from 79.92 GPa to 181.7 GPa. Meanwhile, the coating featured the lowest coefficient of friction (COF, 0.17) and the lowest wear-rate of 3.38 × 10−5 mm3/Nm. The Magnéli phase V2O5 in the coating was the key to reducing the COF, while the hard oxide phase such as WO3 and AlVO4 reduced the wear-rate of the coatings.
“Horrible—But Worth It”: Exploring Weight Cutting Practices, Eating Behaviors, and Experiences of Competitive Female Taekwon-Do Athletes. A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Smith Karen A. , Naughton Robert J. , Langan-Evans Carl , Lewis Kiara 
Published: August 2022

This mixed methods study aimed to investigate weight cutting practices of female taekwon-do athletes internationally and explore their experiences of “making weight.” A survey of weight loss practices and eating behaviors was completed by 103 taekwon-do athletes from 12 countries, which illustrated that 72.5% of athletes engage in both acute and chronic weight loss practices prior to competition and that there were higher levels of disordered eating within this athletic population than nonweight cutting athletes. Semistructured interviews were conducted with five international-level competitors; thematic analysis of the interviews identified that the women in general felt weight cutting was “horrible—but worth it” and the women believed that (a) weight cutting is unpleasant, difficult, and challenging; and (b) weight cutting provides a competitive advantage. The implications of this study are that weight cutting is widespread among high-level competitive female taekwon-do athletes and this is unlikely to change given the perceived advantages. Efforts are needed to make sure that the women are knowledgeable of the risks and are provided with safe and effective means of making weight.
Efficacy of a new day surgery management mode based on WeChat: a study protocol for randomised controlled trials
Authors: Shi Yun , Yan Junyu , Wang Shuangwen , Li Yifan , Deng Xiaoqian 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionThere is an enormous imbalance between the rapid development of day surgery and the current conventional medical services. Hence, an effective day surgery management mode should be developed that can be used to constantly follow up on patients both preoperatively and postoperatively. In this study, WeChat was chosen as the platform. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of a new day surgery management mode.Methods and analysisThis randomised controlled study investigated the efficacy of a new day surgery management mode based on WeChat. The target number of participants was 1000 per group. The application (app) will send personalised information based on the medical history of the patient and the type of surgery at different time points preoperatively and postoperatively. The healthcare worker can follow up the patient and acquire clinical data by simply signing into the app. The patient and the healthcare worker can also engage in video or voice chats using the app when necessary. Multiple departments, including anaesthesiology, internal medicine, surgery, nursing and psychology, will participate in this new mode.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the West China Hospital of Sichuan University Biomedical Research Ethics Committee. Results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences.Trial registration numberChiCTR2100050793.
Coworkers are more likely than patients to transmit SARS-CoV-2 infection to healthcare personnel
Authors: Farah Wigdan , Breeher Laura , Shah Vishal , Wang Zhen , Hainy Caitlin , Swift Melanie 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo compare the impact of occupational exposures to SARS-CoV-2 positive patients and SARS-CoV-2 positive coworkers, by comparing the frequency of occupational exposure incidents and the rate of healthcare personnel (HCP) who developed a positive PCR test for SARS-COV-2 after occupational exposure to the two different types of infectious individuals.MethodsA retrospective analysis of all confirmed higher risk occupational exposure incidents that occurred in HCP from 20 March 2020 to 31 December 2020 at a large multisite US academic medical centre. Comparisons between groups for source type were performed using unpaired Student’s t-test for continuous variables and the χ2test for categorical variables, regression analysis was conducted to assess the associations between source type and risk of positive COVID-19 test after occupational exposure.ResultsIn total, 2253 confirmed medium or high-risk occupational exposures occurred during the study period. 57% were exposures from coworker sources. Each source individual exposed a mean of 2.6 (95% CI 2.3 to 2.9) HCP; during postexposure surveillance, 4.5% of exposed HCP tested positive within 14 days. A coworker source on average exposed 2.2 (95% CI 2.01 to 2.4) other HCP and infected 0.14 (95% CI 0.1 to 0.17) HCP, while patient sources exposed a mean of 3.4 (95% CI 2.6 to 4.2) HCP but only infected 0.07 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.11) HCP. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that exposure to a coworker source carried a higher risk of testing positive compared with exposure to a patient source (OR 3.22; 95% CI 1.72 to 6.04).ConclusionOccupational exposures to coworker sources were not only more frequent but also associated with triple the risk of developing COVID-19 infection, compared with exposures to patient sources.
Pólis e insularidade
Authors: Laky Lilian de Angelo 
Published: August 2022

Neste colóquio sobre a unidade e a diversidade das cidades mediterrânicas, discorremos sobre a expressão do fenômeno da cidade nas ilhas dessa região, mas, especificamente, sobre o contexto grego das póleis, a partir da época arcaica, no arquipélago das Cíclades, no Mar Egeu. Escolhemos as Cíclades porque se trata de um conjunto de ilhas com no máximo 400 km2, sendo, assim, consideradas ilhas menores, se comparadas às ilhas mediterrânicas com milhares de quilômetros quadrados (como a Sicília, a Sardenha, Creta). Nas ditas ilhas “pequenas”, os impactos da insularidade, que nos interessam compreender, são sempre maiores do que nas consideradas ilhas “continente”, como a Sicília, por exemplo. Nesse sentido, propomos apresentar o debate e discutir, ainda que inicialmente, as seguintes questões: (1) como aspectos impostos pela natureza insular puderam influenciar a organização física e política das póleis em ilhas? (2) Quais fatores podem explicar a existência do número de póleis nas ilhas?
Short- and Long-Term Risk of Lead Dislodgement Events: Real-World Experience From Product Surveillance Registry
Authors: Qin Dingxin , Filippaios Andreas , Murphy Jeffrey , Berg Melinda , Lampert Rachel , Schloss Edward J. , Noone Michael , Mela Theofanie 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Lead dislodgement (LD) has been one of the most common early complications after cardiovascular implantable electronic device implant. However, limited data are available on the clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of LD events. The aim of this study was to examine the risk factors, clinical significance, and management strategies of LD events after cardiovascular implantable electronic device implant.

Methods:
This study was a retrospective cohort analysis of 20 683 patients who underwent cardiovascular implantable electronic device implant between January 1, 2010 and January 31, 2020 in Medtronic’s Product Surveillance Registry, with a mean follow-up time of 3.3±2.5 SD years. The study population was divided into 2 groups: group A with LD events (N=350) and group B without LD events (N=20 333).

Results:

During this period, 350 patients (1.69%) had LD events involving 371 leads (0.95%), among a total of 39 060 leads implanted. Passive fixation type (right atrium pacing lead,
P
=0.041), lower sensing amplitude (right ventricle defibrillating lead,
P
=0.020), and lower lead impedance at implant (right atrium pacing lead,
P
=0.009) were associated with increased LD risk. Multivariate analysis showed female sex (hazard ratio, 1.520,
P
=0.008) and higher body mass index (hazard ratio, 1.012,
P
=0.001) were independently associated with increased risk of LD events. LD events were not associated with significant changes in the long-term risks of cardiac and overall mortality. In group A, repositioning the dislodged leads increased the risk of a second LD event compared with implanting new leads (
P
=0.012).

Conclusions:
Female sex and higher body mass index were associated with higher risk of LD events in the Product Surveillance Registry. Among patients with dislodged leads, implanting new leads was associated with lower risk of future LD events. Further studies on how to reduce LD risk and to improve management of these events are needed.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01524276.
This Looks Like That There: Interpretable Neural Networks for Image Tasks When Location Matters
Authors: Barnes Elizabeth A. , Barnes Randal J. , Martin Zane K. , Rader Jamin K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We develop and demonstrate a new interpretable deep learning model specifically designed for image analysis in Earth system science applications. The neural network is designed to be inherently interpretable, rather than explained via post hoc methods. This is achieved by training the network to identify parts of training images that act as prototypes for correctly classifying unseen images. The new network architecture extends the interpretable prototype architecture of a previous study in computer science to incorporate absolute location. This is useful for Earth system science where images are typically the result of physics-based processes, and the information is often geolocated. Although the network is constrained to only learn via similarities to a small number of learned prototypes, it can be trained to exhibit only a minimal reduction in accuracy relative to noninterpretable architectures. We apply the new model to two Earth science use cases: a synthetic dataset that loosely represents atmospheric high and low pressure systems, and atmospheric reanalysis fields to identify the state of tropical convective activity associated with the Madden–Julian oscillation. In both cases, we demonstrate that considering absolute location greatly improves testing accuracies when compared with a location-agnostic method. Furthermore, the network architecture identifies specific historical dates that capture multivariate, prototypical behavior of tropical climate variability.

Significance Statement
Machine learning models are incredibly powerful predictors but are often opaque “black boxes.” The how-and-why the model makes its predictions is inscrutable—the model is not interpretable. We introduce a new machine learning model specifically designed for image analysis in Earth system science applications. The model is designed to be inherently interpretable and extends previous work in computer science to incorporate location information. This is important because images in Earth system science are typically the result of physics-based processes, and the information is often map based. We demonstrate its use for two Earth science use cases and show that the interpretable network exhibits only a small reduction in accuracy relative to black-box models.
The Role of Barotropic versus Baroclinic Feedbacks on the Eddy Response to Annular Mode Zonal Wind Anomalies
Authors: Lorenz David J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The annular mode, the leading pattern of low-frequency variability in the extratropics, owes its temporal persistence to a positive feedback between eddy momentum fluxes and the background zonal wind anomalies associated with the annular mode itself. The mechanisms by which the zonal wind anomalies impact the eddy momentum fluxes fall into two families: 1) baroclinic mechanisms: changes in the amount and location of wave activity generated via baroclinic instability cause the changes in eddy momentum fluxes and 2) barotropic mechanisms: the zonal wind anomalies impact the eddy momentum fluxes directly via critical levels, turning latitudes, and the refraction of meridionally propagating waves. This paper takes a critical look at various methodologies that conclude that baroclinic feedbacks are dominant by developing multiple independent estimates of the relative role of baroclinic versus barotropic processes. All methods conclude that barotropic mechanisms are most important; however, baroclinic mechanisms are not negligible. Additional experiments with the baroclinic feedback turned off (via manipulations to the vertical friction profile) also suggest that barotropic feedbacks are dominant. The methods for estimating the feedbacks are 1) Rossby wave chromatography, 2) forced manipulations of the vertical structure of EOF1 using linear response functions, and 3) quantitatively inferring the meridional wave propagation from the mean wave activity budget and then using this to analyze the wave activity response to anomalies. The last method is also applied to both Northern and Southern Hemisphere reanalysis, and similar conclusions about the feedbacks are reached.
Predictors of Mortality in Patients With COVID-19 Undergoing Tracheotomy
Authors: Mitton Tanner , Atwood Carlyn , Kenee Parker , Wynings Erin , Tibbetts Kathleen M. 
Published: August 2022

Objective: To identify factors predictive of 30-day mortality following tracheotomy in patients with COVID-19. Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients with COVID-19 who underwent tracheotomy at a tertiary medical center between March 2020 and October 2021 was conducted. Univariate and multivariable analyses of factors correlated with 30-day post-tracheotomy mortality were performed. The outcomes of tracheotomies performed in the operating room and at bedside were compared with t-tests and multivariable analysis. Results: One hundred-twenty patients met inclusion criteria, with 48 female patients (40%). Mean age was 59.8 [12.6] years, and the 30-day mortality rate was 18.3%. On univariate analysis, age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.06; P = .015), FiO2 at the time of tracheotomy (OR = 1.06; P < .001), and bedside tracheotomy (OR = 3.21; P = .019) were associated with increased risk of 30-day mortality. After including control variables, increased FiO2 continued to predict increased odds of 30-day mortality (OR = 1.08; P = .02); specifically, patients with FiO2 > 65% were significantly more likely to pass within 30 days than those with FiO2 ≤ 40% (OR = 28.24; P < .001). There was a significant difference in the 30-day mortality rate of bedside tracheotomies (31%) and OR tracheotomies (12%; P = .02), but this association was eliminated on multivariable analysis (OR = 0.95; P = .96). Conclusion: Intubated patients with COVID-19 undergoing tracheotomy with FiO2 > 65% have 25 times greater odds of 30-day mortality than those with FiO2 ≤ 40%. There were no differences in outcomes between bedside and OR tracheotomies.
Coping Strategies Adopted by Motor Vehicle Accident Survivors from a Hilly State of North India
Authors: Arora Deeksha , Belsiyal Xavier C. , Rawat Vikram Singh 
Published: August 2022

Background: Dealing with trauma has always been challenging for people from all walks of life. Moreover, traumas like Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA) are sudden and can be life-threatening, which further raises the concern and thus requires healthy adaptation. Considering the lack of data on the coping strategies of accident survivors in India, this study was undertaken to assess the coping strategies adopted by MVA survivors. Methods: Cross-sectional survey was conducted at tertiary care institution in Uttarakhand (India) during 2019–2020. A total of 250 MVA survivors were selected through total enumerative sampling and assessed for posttraumatic stress disorder (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL)-5), depression (Zung self-rating depression scale), and coping strategies (Brief COPE questionnaire). Results: The mean score was highest for emotion-focused coping mechanism (32.84 ± 5.18) and lower for dysfunctional (26.18 ± 10.59) and problem-focused (18.47 ± 3.12) coping mechanisms. Religion (96.87%) and emotional support (87.25%) were among the frequently adopted coping styles, whereas denial and self-blame were the least adopted. A high correlation was found between depression and the three coping mechanisms ( r = 0.83 [emotion-focused coping], 0.68 [problem-focused coping], 0.62 [dysfunctional coping]). Among the participants, 133 crossed the threshold for PTSD and/or depression. Conclusions: A commonly adopted coping strategy among MVA survivors is emotion-focused coping mechanism. Religion and emotional support are most prevalent because of family dynamics prevalent in countries like India.
Paramedics’ experiences and educational needs when participating end-of-life care at home: A mixed method study
Authors: Surakka Leena K , Hökkä Minna , Törrönen Kari , Mäntyselkä Pekka , Lehto Juho T 
Published: August 2022

Background: Paramedics face end-of-life care patients during emergency calls and more recently through planned protocols. However, paramedics experiences and educational needs concerning preplanned end-of-life care at home remain largely unknown. Aim: To describe experiences and educational needs of the paramedics included in the end-of-life care protocol. Design: A mixed method study with a questionnaire including open ended questions and numeric evaluations on a Likert scale. Setting/Participants: The questionnaire was delivered to and answered by all the 192 paramedics working in North Karelia fire and rescue department during the time of the data collection in 2017. Results: Over 80% of the paramedics agreed that the protocol helped them to take care of the patients and to improve the quality of end-of-life care. Visits to the patients were considered useful and the end-of-life care as a meaningful work by 76.5% and 62.5% of the paramedics, respectively. The paramedics expressed challenges in psychosocial aspects, communication, symptom management, and their role in end-of-life care. Encountering and communication with the families as well as managing the most common symptoms were emphasized as educational needs. Using a patient controlled analgesia device emerged as an example of practical educational aspect. Conclusions: Paramedics considered end-of-life care at home meaningful but called for more competency in supporting and encountering the families and in symptom management. Our results can be utilized when developing end-of-life care protocols and education for the paramedics. Patients’ and families’ views on the paramedics’ participation in end-of-life care should be evaluated in the future.
A year-round analysis of railway station overruns due to low adhesion conditions
Authors: White Ben , Watson Mike , Lewis Roger 
Published: August 2022

Key Performance Indicators, such as station overruns and delay minutes, are used to assess the performance and punctuality of the GB railway. They can be used to quantify the effects of low adhesion, but the majority of previous analysis has been constrained to the autumn season. A Python script has been created in this work to extract 11 years of detailed passenger and freight station overrun data, throughout the entire year. The information gathered includes time and date, location, direction, vehicle type, railhead conditions and subsequent delay minutes caused by the incident. Although the majority of low adhesion related overruns occur in the autumn season due to leaf fall, this work has highlighted the number of low adhesion related issues that occur throughout the year where there are no visible signs of contamination. This work gives an overview of this new dataset and looks at some key trends in the data but the granular detail available means that future case studies could be carried out in specific locations, linked to geographic and meteorological data, to assess when and why low adhesion is occurring. From an operational perspective, the dataset could then be used as a daily updated assessment of the effectiveness of low adhesion mitigation methods.