bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrocolloids: Structure, preparation method, and application in food and pharmaceutical industries
Authors: pirsa sajad , Hafezi Kosar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Hydrocolloids are hydrophilic biopolymers with high molecular weight that act as thickeners, gelling agents, and foam and emulsion stabilizers. Also hydrocolloids act as inhibitors of the growth and expansion of ice crystals in frozen materials, and inhibitors of the growth of sugar crystals in different industries. Hydrocolloids are used not only to improve the rheological and textural properties of food products, but also are used as fat substitutes. Also hydrocolloids are used in the production of low-calorie foods and also their beneficial nutritional properties (non-absorbable fiber in the human body) causes their extensive application in the food industry. Although the use of hydrocolloids in food systems is low and in concentrations of one percent and less, but the presence of hydrocolloids has an important effect on the texture and organoleptic properties of diet foods. Food hydrocolloids or gums are high molecular weight hydrophilic biopolymers that are used as functional compounds in the food industry. Hydrocolloids are the most widely used additive in the food industry that have a variety of properties and applications, including dietary fiber as well as gluten and fat substitutes. Hydrocolloids are obtained from plants, animals, microorganisms, and modified biopolymers. Zedo gum is one of the plant hydrocolloids and secreted from almond tree which is native to Iran and has many medicinal and nutritional, food and industrial applications. The purpose of this article is to review hydrocolloids and their application in food, pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. Therefore, this article discusses the structure, origin, preparation methods, extraction and the applications of hydrocoloids in various industries.
Effectiveness and Predictors of Conversion in Mini-Laparotomy Cholecystectomy in Developing Country: A cohort retrospective study
Authors: Handaya Adeodatus Yuda , Andrew Joshua , Hanif Ahmad Shafa , Tjendra Kevin Radinal , Aditya Azriel Farrel Kresna 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Mini laparotomy cholecystectomy (MLC) is an alternative surgical procedure in conditions where laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is not feasible. MLC is a simpler and easier technique compared to LC. MLC involves smaller skin incision, low morbidity rate, and early return to oral diet. MLC has the potential to be the preferred surgical technique in developing countries due to its low cost and availability.
Method
A cohort retrospective study was performed on 44 patients who underwent mini laparotomy cholecystectomy due to ineligibility for LC. Patients were documented for successful mini laparotomy or conversion to laparotomy cholecystectomy. There are pre-operative aspects recorded and analyzed to formulate predictor factors for conversion surgery, as well as intra-operative and post-operative aspects. Patients also filled evaluation questionnaire based on Likert Scale about their satisfaction towards result of MLC.
Result
MLC is performed in 31 (70.5%) patients while 13 (29.5%) patients underwent conversion to open cholecystectomy. There were no complications nor mortalities observed during and after the surgery. Greater BMI, higher leucocyte count, higher bilirubin level, increasing severity of adhesion, and chronic cholecystitis were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) in the conversion surgery group. MLC also resulted in shorter post-operative hospitalization compared to conversion surgery. Patients showed great satisfaction towards the cosmetic aspect and recovery period after MLC procedure.
Conclusion
MLC is an effective surgery procedure for cholelithiasis and can be safely performed in patients with complication such as cholecystitis and gallbladder adhesion although these conditions increase the risk of conversion surgery.
Health services supervision in a protracted crisis: A qualitative study into supportive supervision practices in South Sudan.
Authors: Lutwama George William , Sartison Lodi Joseph , Yugi James Onyango , Nehemiah Taban Nickson , Gwang Zechreya Michael , Kibos Barbara Akita , Jacobs Eelco 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The health system in South Sudan faces extreme domestic resource constraints, low capacity, and protracted humanitarian crisis. Supportive supervision is believed to improve the quality of health care and service delivery by compensating for flaws in the health workforce management. This study aimed to understand the current practices of supervision in South Sudan and identify areas for quality improvement.Methods: The study employed qualitative approaches to collect and analyse data from six purposefully selected counties. Data were collected from 194 participants using semi-structured interviews (43 health managers) and focus group discussions (151 health workers). We used thematic content analysis to yield an in-depth understanding of the supervision practices in the health sector.Results: The study found that integrated supportive supervision and monitoring visits were the main approaches used. Supportive supervision focused more on health system administration and less on clinical matters. Although fragmented, supportive supervision was carried out quarterly while monitoring visits were either conducted monthly or ad hoc. Prioritization for supportive supervision was mainly data driven. Paper-based checklists were the most used supervision tools. Many supervisors had no formal training on supportive supervision and only learned on-the-job. The health workers got on-site verbal feedback and most times on-the-job training sessions through coaching and mentorship. Action plans developed during supervision were inadequately followed up due to insufficient funding. Insecurity, poor road networks, lack of competent health managers, poor coordination, and lack of adequate means of transport were some of the challenges experienced during supervision. The presumed outcomes of supportive supervision were improvements in human resource management, drugs management, health data reporting, teamwork, and staff respect for one another.Conclusion: Supportive supervision remains a daunting task in the South Sudan health sector due to a combination of external and health system factors. Our study findings suggest that strengthening the processes and providing inputs for supervision should be prioritised if quality improvement is to be attained. This necessitates stronger stewardship from Ministry of Health, integration of different supervision practices, investment in the capacity of the health workforce, and health infrastructure development.
Responses of anammox process to Ni(II): Reactor performance, Mechanisms and Inhibition Recovery
Authors: Li Yu-Qi , Zhao Bai-Hang , Sun Qi , Zhang Jing , Zhang Yu-Qing , Li Jun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Responses of anammox process to Ni(II) were studied here. Anammox was the dominant reaction with Ni(II) concentrations no more than 25 mg/L. 1 mg/L of Ni(II) addition promoted nitrogen removal by Anammox. The higher the Ni(II) concentrations and longer exposure time, the more inhibition for anammox bacteria was gotten. The IC50 of Ni(II) to Anammox was determined as 83.86 mg/L by an exponential regression equation. The relative abundance of Planctomycetia in an anammox system with 100 mg/L Ni(II) addition decreased by 18.45% compared with that without Ni(II) addition. The inhibition of Ni(II) on anammox activity was mainly attributed to intracellular accumulation Ni(II) inhibition to HDH activity and microbial diversity. Two times increase of IC50 after 4 times circles of domestication suggests multiple intermittent domestication can increase the tolerance of anammox bacteria to Ni(II). EDTA washing can eliminate the inhibition of anammox activity by Ni(II) with Ni(II) addition no more than 25 mg/L. Our study provides an insight for practical engineering applications of anammox to treat ammonia-rich sewage containing Ni(II).
Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in and around Aba-Asrat Monastery following Chemoga River, east Gojjam zone, northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Amsalu Nigussie , Regassa Reta 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The study was undertaken with the general objective of providing documentation of traditional medicinal plants (MPs), and associated indigenous knowledge of the people inhabiting in and around Aba-Asrat Monastery, East Gojjam Zone, North western Ethiopia. Methods: Ethnobotanical data were collected using semi-structured interviews, observation and focus group discussions in the field. A total of 160 (100 males and 60 females) informants were interviewed. The collected data were assessed quantitatively using various measures like fidelity level (FL), paired comparison, preference and direct matrix rankings. Results: Results of ethnobotanical study revealed a total of 81 medicinal plant species belonging to 77 genera and 48 families were recorded which are used to treat human and livestock ailments. Asteraceae with nine (9.68%) species and Solanaceae with seven (7.53%) species were families represented by more species in the study areas. Herbs were found to be the most widely used life forms which account for 42 (45.16%) followed by shrubs 29 (31.18%). The most frequently used plant parts were the leaves followed by the roots. The highest FL values were recorded for Plumbago zeylanica and Prunus africana having highest scores (100%) that treat diseases like wounds, eczema and fibril illness. Nicotiana tabacum was the most preferred plant species against leech for livestock. Conclusions: The major threats to plants in the study area were overgrazing, fire wood collection, agricultural expansion and charcoal. It is therefore, recommended that the declining plants species in the study area call for encouragement of sustainable use, conserve and manage it together with the MPs sheltered in it.
Process optimization for the rapid conversion of calcite into hydroxyapatite microspheres for chromatographic applications
Authors: Ashokan Anbuthangam , Kumar T S Sampath , Jayaraman Guhan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Microsphere hydroxyapatite (HAp) is widely used in various biomedical and chromatographic applications. The work described in this manuscript focuses on a dissolution precipitation method for production of HAp microspheres. This method overcomes certain drawbacks of conventional preparation methods used for HAp preparation, which produce polydisperse particles and are time-consuming and expensive. In the present work, the calcium carbonate (calcite) particles were directly and rapidly converted into HAp microspheres using an inexpensive dissolution precipitation method. The effects of the reaction temperature, time, and mechanical stirring rates were studied, and the reaction parameters were optimized. As confirmed by the XRD studies, the higher reaction temperature and time promote complete HAp conversion, while calcite residues were observed for lower temperatures and times. SEM images show the influence of reaction parameters on the surface microstructure of the microspheres produced. It was observed that the HAp microspheres undergo disintegration at a higher stirring rate. The reaction parameters optimized in this work were ideal for preparing HAp microspheres. The resultant HAp particles were utilized as matrices for chromatographic separation of protein mixtures.
A computational evaluation of FDA medicines' ability to inhibit Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase-2 (PHD-2) for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
Authors: Chandrasekaran Jaikanth , Balasubramaniam Jayasudha 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
COVID-19 infection is associated with a significant fatality rate in individuals suffering from severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Among the several possibilities, inhibition of Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase-2 or prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2 (PHD2) in a hypoxia independent way is a prospective therapeutic target for the treatment of ARDS. Vadadustat, Roxadustat, Daprodustat, Desidustat, and Enarudustat are the available clinical trial inhibitors. This study is proposed to focus on the repurposing of FDA approved drugs as effective PHD2 inhibitors. This computational study utilizes e-pharmacophore hypothesis generation from the native ligand-protein complex (PDB ID: 5OX6) based on XP Visualizer information. The hypothesis containing five essential features (AAANR) was incorporated for FDA database screening, followed by Glide XP molecular docking and Prime MM-GBSA binding free energy calculations. Top scored ligands were investigated and Fenbufen was identified as an effective PHD-2 inhibitor by comparing with the native co-crystal ligand (Vadadustat). The manual lead optimization of Fenbufen structure was adopted to improve inhibitory potency, by increasing the binding affinity and protein-ligand stability. The newly designed compounds B and C showed additional binding interactions, excellent docking scores, binding free energy, and an acceptable range of ADME properties. Also, Fenbufen and Compound C owned preferable protein-ligand stability during MD simulation when compared with the co-crystallized clinical trial ligand. Based on our findings we deduce that Fenbufen can be proposed as an effective repurposable candidate as its structural modification showed a remarkable improvement in PHD2 inhibition.
Bedside gastrointestinal ultrasound combined with acute gastrointestinal injury score to guide enteral nutrition therapy in critically patients
Authors: Lai Jiawei , Chen Linli , Huang Daofeng , Chen Shuhong , Lin Jinzhan , Zheng Qingjiang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND—To use gastric ultrasound to evaluate function and to determine the start time of enteral nutrition (EN) in patients with acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI).METHODS—We reviewed records from 105 patients who suffered AGI levels two (AGI II). We recorded several data points, including ultrasonographic transverse area of gastric antrum (CSA), left descending colonic or right ascending colonic diameter (D), colonic peristatic frequency (F), EN start time, EN dose, prealbumin (PA), and EN complications. The recovery of intestinal function after EN treatment was judged as success. If there was EN treatment complication, this was judged as failure. We analyzed the changes in gastrointestinal function after EN treatment, to determine feeding time.RESULTS—There were 69 patients in the successful group, and 36 in the failure group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in age, intraperitoneal pressure (IAP), APACHE II, PA and disease composition (p> 0.05).There were significant differences in terms of EN startup time, CSA, D, F, and PA, between the EN success and failure groups. Receiver operating curve analysis showed that combined CSA , D,F evaluation determined the best time to start EN.CONCLUSIONS—Monitoring gastric antrum transversal area, colonic diameter, colonic peristatic frequency using ultrasound can guide the timing of initiation of enteral nutrition treatment.
Validation of an instrument in Latin America to measure fear perception of the consequences of a large-scale war (War-effect)
Authors: Mejia Christian R. , Esteban Renzo Felipe Carranza , Mamani-Benito Oscar , Garlisi-Torales Luciana D , Bautista-Pariona Anthony , Vega-Useche Camilo , Cedillo-Balcázar Jamil , Braga-Souza Edilaine , Botello Carlos Jesus Iglesias , Ortiz Vanessa , Armada José , Rivera-Lozada Oriana 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction: The Russia-Ukraine war brought immediate and delayed socio-economic consequences. All the repercussions, in general, caused fear all over the world. Objective: To validate an instrument for measuring fear perception caused by the consequences of a large-scale war in Latin American citizens. Methodology: Instrumental study, 1705 residents of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Paraguay, Peru and other countries were surveyed through a virtual format. A literature search, expert judgment, preliminary (then exploratory and confirmatory) analysis, as well as reliability assessment were carried out. Results: It started with 13 questions, the skewness and kurtosis values of the questions did not exceed the range ± 1.5 and showed significant correlations (>0.30). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index (0.962) and Bartlett's test (19558.5; df = 78; p = 0.000) had good indicators. The parallel analysis suggested a single factor, which explained 75.59% of the total variance. The confirmatory factor analysis generated an instrument with six items (χ2 = 47.33, df = 9, p = 0.001; RMR = 0.010; GFI = 0.990; CFI = 1.00; TLI = 0.990; and RMSEA = 0.050), with an overall Cronbach's Alpha = 0.949 (95% CI = 0.94 - 0.95). Conclusion: A six-item instrument that measures the perception of fear caused by the consequences of a large-scale war was validated in half a dozen Latin American countries. This short and valid instrument can be administered to a broad population in Latin America.
An assessment of the local sea-level budget and the present trajectory of sea-level rise at tide-gauge locations
Authors: Frederikse Thomas , Hamlington Benjamin , Harvey Thomas , Sweet William , Fenty Ian , Wang Ou , Fukumori Ichiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Local sea-level changes deviate from the global mean and unforced variability often masks sea-level changes driven by greenhouse forcing. Both cause difficulties when local observations are compared to projections. We present two analyses of local sea level aiming at improving understanding local causes of sea-level rise and variability. First, we analyse local sea-level budgets at 557 tide-gauge locations from 1993-2019. On average, the sum of contributing processes explains 49% of the observed inter-annual variance. Sterodynamic processes explain most of the variability. The average observed trend is 2.6 mm yr-1 with contributors summing up to 2.7 mm yr-1. Secondly, we extrapolate the current trajectory of sea-level rise and estimate how unforced variability can mask or exaggerate future long-term sea-level changes. Unforced variability can cause sea-level changes up to multiple decimeters on 30-year time scales, and the differences between projections and the trajectory are thus generally not significant.
Development of a Multidimensional Pain Questionnaire in Professional Dance (MPQDA): a pilot study
Authors: Haenel Jasmin , Schoettker-Koeniger Thomas , Wanke Eileen M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Pain is part of the everyday life of professional dancers. It can indicate health risks and impair the ability to work. Suitable screening tools can be used to identify pain and its risk potential. A comprehensive, multidimensional, differentiated assessment tool for pain in professional dance does not currently exist.Methods: An initial questionnaire was developed in German and English and was assessed in a qualitative pretest. In a field study with a cross-sectional design including n = 72 dancers from Germany (n = 36 responses each in the English and German language versions), the questionnaire was optimized by item analysis, its psychometric properties (dimensionality, construct validity, reliability) were examined and the ability of the pain dimensions to classify the subjective ability to work in training was analyzed (ROC analysis).Results: The developed Multidimensional Pain Questionnaire in Professional Dance (MPQDA) was reduced and optimized in its psychometric properties. Regarding the subjective ability to work in training, the variables of the ability to work in rehearsals and in performances, as well as the accompanying symptoms of tension and mobility restrictions, showed a relatively good classification ability (Area under the Curve (AUC) ≥ 0.7 in the 95% confidence interval) and significant, moderate to strong correlations (Somers' D > 0.25, p < 0.05). The classification ability of the other pain dimensions was largely absent or poor.Conclusion: The MPQDA differentiates various pain dimensions in professional dancers and is available in a compatible manner in German and English. The clinical relevance needs to be explored further in the future.
New generation of nanozyme based-tooth bleaching gel with dual effect: tooth whitening and enamel microhardness improving
Authors: Jafari Samira , Meimanatabadi Mohsen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Teeth discoloration is one of prevalent aesthetic concerns resulted from intrinsic/ extrinsic reasons. Bleaching process can be a valuable treatment for patients with severe discolorations, which can cause an immediate change in their teeth color. According to literature review, use of commercial products owing to their high concentration of hydrogen peroxide can lead to lessen the enamel microhardness. Regarding these issues, the purpose of this present scenario is the design of novel three-components dental bleaching systems based on cerium oxide (CeO2) nanozyme with dual impact, whitening of teeth as well as enhancement of the enamel microhardness. This system composed of three sections: whitening gel (i.e. gel includes H2O2), the activator gel (i.e. gel includes CeO2 nanozyme) and supplemental gel (i.e. gel includes hydroxyapatite). Base on in vitro and clinical studies, the synthesized whitening system not only is able to bleach the stained teeth but also possesses the microhardness improvement ability. Interestingly, the clinical case reports in current study reveal the remarkable change of tooth color by using the prepared in-office whitening dental gel.
Investigation of Elemental Deposition in Lamdong Province (Vietnam) by the Moss Biomonitoring Method and Neutron Activation Analysis
Authors: Khiem Le Hong , Sang Nguyen Thi Minh , An Son Nguyen , Minh Truong Van , Anh Tran Tuan , Thang Ho Huu , Nam Le Dai 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The results of an investigation of heavy metal air pollution in Lamdong province (Vietnam) using the moss biomonitoring method are presented in this paper. Barbula indica moss samples were collected at 30 different locations in Dalat and Baoloc, two major cities of Lamdong province. The concentrations of 10 heavy metal and metalloid elements, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, As, Hf, and Ta in the collected moss samples, were determined by the neutron activation analysis method using the nuclear reactor at the Nuclear Research Institute in Dalat, Vietnam. The results show that the air in Lamdong province may be polluted by Mn and is moderately polluted by Sc, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Zn, As, Hf and Ta. The main sources of heavy metal pollution in the Lamdong atmosphere may be soil dust, traffic emissions, industry, bauxite mining and refining, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and combustion of coal and oil. By comparing heavy element concentrations in the moss from Lamdong with that of Hanoi, Thainguyen, and several European countries, it is found that heavy metal air pollution in Lamdong is much lower than in Hanoi and Thainguyen and much higher than in the European countries.