bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personal resilience of first-year, alternatively certified agriscience teachers
Authors: Barry Debra , Warner Anna J. , LaRose Sarah , Colclasure Blake , Osborne Edward 
Published: March 2022

A wide range of challenges continues to exist in delivering school-based agricultural education (SBAE) programs. Among the most pressing challenges are the recruitment and retention of high-quality agriculture teachers (Guffey & Young, 2020). Teacher educators and researchers in SBAE are tasked with meeting the nationwide demand for teachers, while also better understanding the status of alternatively certified agriculture teachers (Foster et al., 2020). This study explored the challenges, coping strategies, and personal resilience of first-year agriscience teachers in Florida who held a temporary teaching certificate. Using a qualitative, phenomenological approach, seven alternatively certified Florida agriculture teachers were interviewed. The personal resilience framework developed by Hoopes (2017) guided this study, as researchers examined alternatively certified teachers’ experiences and responses to challenges in their teaching. Emergent themes included prior plans to teach, overwhelming expectations, supportive networks, aspects of resilience, and feelings of motivation and inspiration. This study highlights the need for proactive professional development and support systems for first-year, alternatively certified agriculture teachers.
Pembuatan Alat Potong Tulang Sapi untuk Peningkatan Kinerja Panitia Qurban di Masjid Miftahul Jannah Kelurahaan Berua Kota Makassar
Authors: Sunding Alang , Afifah Nurul 
Published: March 2022

Every 10th of Dhul-Hijjah Muslims around the world celebrate eid al-Adha or known as the feast of Qurban. Almost every mosque, especially urban areas, organizes slaughter of qurban animals, as well as in the Miftahul Jannah Mosque. Based on information obtained from partners that almost every year the number of cows is more than goats for slaughter. In addition to meat, beef bones are also a part that is distributed by partners to those who are entitled to receive especially the shohibul qurban. In the resent years the bones that are distributed are large pieces so that it is a concern for partners because the recipient expects the size of the bone received to be ready to be cooked because not all residents who have equipment to cut bones. Based on this condition, it is necessary to make a bone cutting machine that can cut bones quickly with a ready-to-cook size of 10-15 cm. Utilization of bone cutting tools was carried out on eid al-Adha 10 Dhul-Hijjah 1442 H, coinciding on July 20, 2021. The number of cows that are cut is 6. The results of the implementation of the machine show that the equipment is functioning in accordance with the expectations of the partner. Based on the results of four mitra members showed that the machine can be operated easily, can cut quickly with a cut size of 10 - 15 cm, and is safe to use. After cutting 6 cow bones the machine still works well. Some input from partners is to expand the size of the table and improve the appearance of the machine so that it can be sold.
Evaluation of phytochemical antioxidant levels by hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay
Authors: Pleh Ajla , Mahmutović Lejla , Hromić-Jahjefendić Altijana 
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant capacity of some phytochemicals by using an H2O2 scavenging assay. Betaine, Allantoin and Nicotinamide were put to the test. Even though hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is not intrinsically reactive, it can be transformed into the extremely reactive and harmful hydroxyl radical (HO), which is then able to interact with nucleotides in deoxyribose nucleic acid and in that way trigger breakage of the strand resulting in carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, etc. Antioxidants aid in the protection of cells from the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species that are known to induce oxidative stress. Excessive production of these reactive oxygen species in the human body is associated with many chronic degenerative diseases such as diabetes, neurodegenerative disease, cancer, etc. The effective way to minimize levels of oxidative stress is the ability to scavenge these reactive oxygen species (ROS). Also, phytochemicals are able to act as antioxidants, and in that way play a vital role in the prevention of disease caused by oxidative stress. The ability of a compound to scavenge H2O2 is a good predictor of its potential antioxidant function. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging assay was determined using the Ruch et al., 1989 method, and a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. In conclusion, our samples had marvellous H2O2 scavenging activity and possessed good antioxidant capability, and were compared with the ascorbic acid (vitamin c) as standard natural antioxidant/ as reference antioxidant. The samples were also able to scavenge H2O2 in a concentration-dependent way, according to our results
GASKAP Pilot Survey Science. II. ASKAP Zoom Observations of Galactic 21 cm Absorption
Authors: Dickey John M. , Dempsey J. M. , Pingel N. M. , McClure-Griffiths N. M. , Jameson K. , Dawson J. R. , Dénes H. , Clark S. E. , Joncas G. , Leahy D. , Lee Min-Young , Miville-Deschênes M.-A. , Stanimirović S. , Tremblay C. D. , van Loon J. Th. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Using the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder to measure 21 cm absorption spectra toward continuum background sources, we study the cool phase of the neutral atomic gas in the far outer disk, and in the inner Galaxy near the end of the Galactic bar at longitude 340°. In the inner Galaxy, the cool atomic gas has a smaller scale height than in the solar neighborhood, similar to the molecular gas and the super-thin stellar population in the bar. In the outer Galaxy, the cool atomic gas is mixed with the warm, neutral medium, with the cool fraction staying roughly constant with the Galactic radius. The ratio of the emission brightness temperature to the absorption, i.e., 1 − e
−τ
, is roughly constant for velocities corresponding to Galactic radius greater than about twice the solar circle radius. The ratio has a value of about 300 K, but this does not correspond to a physical temperature in the gas. If the gas causing the absorption has kinetic temperature of about 100 K, as in the solar neighborhood, then the value 300 K indicates that the fraction of the gas mass in this phase is one-third of the total H i mass.
The Coronal Veil
Authors: Malanushenko A. , Cheung M. C. M. , DeForest C. E. , Klimchuk J. A. , Rempel M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Coronal loops, seen in solar coronal images, are believed to represent emission from magnetic flux tubes with compact cross sections. We examine the 3D structure of plasma above an active region in a radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulation to locate volume counterparts for coronal loops. In many cases, a loop cannot be linked to an individual thin strand in the volume. While many thin loops are present in the synthetic images, the bright structures in the volume are fewer and of complex shape. We demonstrate that this complexity can form impressions of thin bright loops, even in the absence of thin bright plasma strands. We demonstrate the difficulty of discerning from observations whether a particular loop corresponds to a strand in the volume, or a projection artifact. We demonstrate how apparently isolated loops could deceive observers, even when observations from multiple viewing angles are available. While we base our analysis on a simulation, the main findings are independent from a particular simulation setup and illustrate the intrinsic complexity involved in interpreting observations resulting from line-of-sight integration in an optically thin plasma. We propose alternative interpretation for strands seen in Extreme Ultraviolet images of the corona. The “coronal veil” hypothesis is mathematically more generic, and naturally explains properties of loops that are difficult to address otherwise—such as their constant cross section and anomalously high density scale height. We challenge the paradigm of coronal loops as thin magnetic flux tubes, offering new understanding of solar corona, and by extension, of other magnetically confined bright hot plasmas.
Effects of Small-scale Absorption Systems on Neutral Islands during the Late Epoch of Reionization
Authors: Wu 武 Peng-Ju 鹏举 , Xu 徐 Yidong 怡冬 , Zhang 张 Xin 鑫 , Chen 陈 Xuelei 学雷 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The reionization process is expected to be prolonged by the small-scale absorbers (SSAs) of ionizing photons, which have been seen as Lyman-limit systems in quasar absorption line observations. We use a set of semi-numerical simulations to investigate the effects of absorption systems on the reionization process, especially their impacts on the neutral islands during the late epoch of reionization (EoR). Three models are studied, i.e., the extreme case of no-SSA model with a high level of ionizing background, the moderate-SSA model with a relatively high level of ionizing background, and the dense-SSA model with a low level of ionizing background. We find that while the characteristic scale of neutral regions decreases during the early and middle stages of reionization, it stays nearly unchanged at about 10 co-moving Mpc during the late stage for the no-SSA and moderate-SSA models. However, in the case of weak ionizing background in the dense-SSA model, the characteristic island scale shows obvious evolution, as large islands break into many small ones that are slowly ionized. The evolutionary behavior of neutral islands during the late EoR thus provides us with a novel way to constrain the abundance of SSAs. We discuss the 21 cm observation with the upcoming Square Kilometre Array. The different models can be distinguished by either the 21 cm imaging or the 21 cm power spectrum measurements.
Tidal Erasure of Stellar Obliquities Constrains the Timing of Hot Jupiter Formation
Authors: Spalding Christopher , Winn Joshua N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Stars with hot Jupiters sometimes have high obliquities, which are possible relics of hot Jupiter formation. Based on the characteristics of systems with and without high obliquities, it is suspected that obliquities are tidally damped when the star has a thick convective envelope, as is the case for main-sequence stars cooler than ∼6100 K, and the orbit is within ∼8 stellar radii. A promising theory for tidal obliquity damping is the dissipation of inertial waves within the star’s convective envelope. Here, we consider the implications of this theory for the timing of hot Jupiter formation. Specifically, hot stars that currently lack a convective envelope possess one during their pre-main sequence. We find that hot Jupiters orbiting within a critical distance of ∼0.02 au from a misaligned main-sequence star lacking a thick convective envelope must have acquired their tight orbits after a few tens of millions of years in order to have retained their obliquities throughout the pre-main sequence. There are four known systems for which this argument applies–XO-3b, Corot-3b, WASP-14b, and WASP-121b–subject to uncertainties surrounding inertial wave dissipation. Moreover, we conclude that a recently identified overabundance of near-polar hot Jupiters is unlikely sculpted by tides, instead reflecting their primordial configuration. Finally, hot Jupiters arriving around cool stars after a few hundreds of millions of years likely find the host star rotating too slowly for efficient obliquity damping. We predict that the critical effective temperature separating aligned and misaligned stars should vary with metallicity, from 6300 to 6000 K as [Fe/H] varies from −0.3 to +0.3.
The Variation of the Gas Content of Galaxy Groups and Pairs Compared to Isolated Galaxies
Authors: Roychowdhury Sambit , Meyer Martin J. , Rhee Jonghwan , Zwaan Martin A. , Chauhan Garima , Davies Luke J. M. , Bellstedt Sabine , Driver Simon P. , del P. Lagos Claudia , Robotham Aaron S. G. , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Dodson Richard , Holwerda Benne W. , Hopkins Andrew M. , Lara-López Maritza A. , López-Sánchez Ángel R. , Obreschkow Danail , Rozgonyi Kristof , Whiting Matthew T. , Wright Angus H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We measure how the atomic gas (H i) fraction

f

H

I

=

M

H

I

M

*

of groups and pairs taken as single units vary with average stellar mass (〈M
*〉) and average star formation rate (〈SFR〉), compared to isolated galaxies. The H i 21 cm emission observation are from (i) archival ALFALFA survey data covering three fields from the GAMA survey (provides environmental and galaxy properties), and (ii) DINGO pilot survey data of one of those fields. The mean f
H i
for different units (groups/pairs/isolated galaxies) are measured in regions of the log(〈M
*〉)–log(〈SFR〉) plane, relative to the z ∼ 0 star-forming main sequence (SFMS) of individual galaxies, by stacking f
H i
spectra of individual units. For ALFALFA, f
H i
spectra of units are measured by extracting H i spectra over the full groups/pair areas and dividing by the total stellar mass of member galaxies. For DINGO, f
H i
spectra of units are measured by co-adding H i spectra of individual member galaxies, followed by division by their total stellar mass. For all units, the mean f
H i
decreases as we move to higher 〈M
*〉 along the SFMS and as we move from above the SFMS to below it at any 〈M
*〉. From the DINGO-based study, mean f
H i
in groups appears to be lower compared to isolated galaxies for all 〈M
*〉 along the SFMS. From the ALFALFA-based study, we find substantially higher mean f
H i
in groups compared to isolated galaxies (values for pairs being intermediate) for 〈M
*〉 ≲ 109.5
M
⊙, indicating the presence of substantial amounts of H i not associated with cataloged member galaxies in low mass groups.
CHANG-ES. XXIV. First Detection of a Radio Nuclear Ring and Potential LLAGN in NGC 5792
Authors: Yang 杨 Yang 阳 , Irwin Judith , Li Jiangtao , Wiegert Theresa , Wang Q. Daniel , Sun Wei , Damas-Segovia A. , Li Zhiyuan , Shen Zhiqiang , Walterbos René A. M. , Vargas Carlos J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We report the discoveries of a nuclear ring of diameter 10″ (∼1.5 kpc) and a potential low-luminosity active galactic nucleus (LLAGN) in the radio continuum emission map of the edge-on barred spiral galaxy NGC 5792. These discoveries are based on the Continuum Halos in Nearby Galaxies—an Expanded Very Large Array (VLA) Survey, as well as subsequent VLA observations of subarcsecond resolution. Using a mixture of Hα and 24 μm calibrations, we disentangle the thermal and nonthermal radio emission of the nuclear region and derive a star formation rate (SFR) of ∼0.4 M
☉ yr−1. We find that the nuclear ring is dominated by nonthermal synchrotron emission. The synchrotron-based SFR is about three times the mixture-based SFR. This result indicates that the nuclear ring underwent more intense star-forming activity in the past, and now its star formation is in the low state. The subarcsecond VLA images resolve six individual knots on the nuclear ring. The equipartition magnetic field strength B
eq of the knots varies from 77 to 88 μG. The radio ring surrounds a point-like faint radio core of S
6 GHz = (16 ± 4) μJy with polarized lobes at the center of NGC 5792, which suggests an LLAGN with an Eddington ratio of ∼10−5. This radio nuclear ring is reminiscent of the Central Molecular Zone of the Galaxy. Both of them consist of a nuclear ring and LLAGN.
Investigating the Accretion Nature of Binary Supermassive Black Hole Candidate SDSS J025214.67−002813.7
Authors: Foord Adi , Liu Xin , Gültekin Kayhan , Whitley Kevin , Shi Fangzheng , Chen Yu-Ching 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present results of a multiwavelength analysis of SDSS J025214.67−002813.7, a system that has been previously classified as a binary active galactic nucleus (AGN) candidate based on periodic signals detected in the optical light curves. We use available radio−X-ray observations of the system to investigate the true accretion nature. Analyzing new observations from XMM-Newton and NuSTAR, we characterize the X-ray emission and search for evidence of circumbinary accretion. Although the 0.5–10 keV spectrum shows evidence of an additional soft emission component, possibly due to extended emission from hot nuclear gas, we find the spectral shape is consistent with that of a single AGN. Compiling a full multiwavelength spectral energy distribution (SED), we also search for signs of circumbinary accretion, such as a “notch” in the continuum due to the presence of minidisks. We find that the radio–optical emission agrees with the SED of a standard, radio-quiet, AGN; however, there is a large deficit in emission blueward of ∼1400 Å. Although this deficit in emission can plausibly be attributed to a binary AGN system, we find that the SED of SDSS J0252−0028 is better explained by emission from a reddened, single AGN. However, future studies of the expected hard X-ray emission associated with binary AGNs (especially in the unequal-mass regime) will allow for more rigorous analyses of the binary AGN hypothesis.
Robust Absolute Solar Flux Density Calibration for the Murchison Widefield Array
Authors: Kansabanik Devojyoti , Mondal Surajit , Oberoi Divya , Biswas Ayan , Bhunia Shilpi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sensitive radio instruments are optimized for observing faint astronomical sources, and usually need to attenuate the received signal when observing the Sun. There are only a handful of flux density calibrators that can comfortably be observed with the same attenuation setup as the Sun. Additionally, for wide field-of-view (FoV) instruments like the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) calibrator observations are generally done when the Sun is below the horizon, to avoid the contamination from solar emissions. These considerations imply that the usual radio interferometric approach to flux density calibration is not applicable for solar imaging. A novel technique, relying on a good sky model and detailed characterization of the MWA hardware, was developed for solar flux density calibration for MWA. Though successful, this technique is not general enough to be extended to the data from the extended configuration of the MWA Phase II. Here, we present a robust flux density calibration method for solar observations with MWA independent of the array configuration. We use different approaches—the serendipitous presence of strong sources; detection of numerous background sources using high dynamic range images in the FoV along with the Sun; and observations of strong flux density calibrators with and without the additional attenuation used for solar observations—to obtain the flux scaling parameters required for the flux density calibration. Using the present method, we have achieved an absolute flux density uncertainty ∼10% for solar observations even in the absence of dedicated calibrator observations.
Fast Radio Bursts by High-frequency Synchrotron Maser Emission Generated at the Reverse Shock of a Powerful Magnetar Flare
Authors: Khangulyan D. , Barkov Maxim V. , Popov S. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We consider a magnetar flare model for fast radio bursts (FRBs). We show that millisecond bursts of sufficient power can be generated by synchrotron maser emission ignited at the reverse shock propagating through the weakly magnetized material that forms the magnetar flare. If the maser emission is generated in an anisotropic regime (due to the geometry of the production region or presence of an intense external source of stimulating photons), the duration of the maser flashes is similar to the magnetar flare duration even if the shock front radius is large. Our scenario allows for relaxing the requirements for several key parameters: the magnetic field strength at the production site, luminosity of the flare, and the production site bulk Lorentz factor. To check the feasibility of this model, we study the statistical relation between powerful magnetar flares and the rate of FRBs. The expected ratio is derived by convoluting the redshift-dependent magnetar density with its flare luminosity function above the energy limit determined by the FRB detection threshold. We obtain that only a small fraction, ∼10−5, of powerful magnetar flares trigger FRBs. This ratio agrees surprisingly well with our estimates: we obtained that 10% of magnetars should be in the evolutionary phase suitable for the production of FRBs, and only 10−4 of all flares are expected to be weakly magnetized, which is a necessary condition for the high-frequency maser emission.
Potenciali fotografij, posnetih s pametnim telefonom, za izmero prostovoljnih geografskih informacij
Authors: Triglav Čekada Mihaela , Novak Natalija , Oven Katja 
Published: March 2022

V članku so predstavljene posebnosti fotografij, posnetih s pametnimi telefoni in njihov potencial za zbiranje prostovoljnih geografskih informacij. Ločljivost in jasnost fotografij, posnetih s pametnim telefonom, je danes že enakovredna fotografijam posnetih s kompaktnimi digitalnimi fotoaparati, hkrati pa omogočajo sprotno shranjevanje lokacije fotografiranja. Na primeru obdelave posamezne fotografije s pomočjo interaktivne orientacije, so te prednosti ovrednotene z vidika njihovega potenciala za fotogrametrični zajem, ob ažuriranju topografskih kart. Kljub dobrim potencialom, pa na koncu obseg zornega polja fotografije odloča o tem ali bomo iz take fotografije lahko izmerili merske 3R-prostorske podatke.
This article presents the characteristics of smartphone images and their potential for collecting the volunteered geographic information. Today the smartphone image quality is equivalent to those taken with compact digital cameras, and they allow the real-time storage of the location from where the image was taken. Taking the example of processing a single image by using interactive orientation, these advantages are evaluated in terms of their potential for photogrammetric measurements when updating topographic maps. Despite the promising potential, the field of view extent of an image ultimately determines whether we will be able to extract metric spatial 3D data from such an image.
Protagonisti socialne geografije: začetki
Authors: Gosar Anton 
Published: March 2022

V geografiji je razlaga in opis prostorske stvarnosti v 20. stoletju doživljala različne raziskovalne pristope in opredelitve. Okroglo stoletnico praznuje socialnogeografsko nazorsko dojemanje procesov v kulturni pokrajini. V drugi polovici stoletja se je v okviru družbene oziroma kulturne geografije tudi v Sloveniji/Jugoslaviji pričelo uveljavljati prepričanje, da ima pri izgledu in funkciji določene pokrajine najbolj pomembno vlogo družba oziroma človek z njemu lastnimi interesi. Pot k takemu prepričanju so tlakovale osebnosti v Evropi in Severni Ameriki. Tovrstno teorijo in raziskovalno metodologijo so nekateri slovenski geografi, po avstrijsko-nemškem vzoru, vneto zagovarjali, drugi pa – predvsem zaradi skoraj izključnega zanikanja naravnogeografskih dejavnikov – nasprotovali. Na nasprotnih bregovih sta si s somišljeniki stala Svetozar Ilešič, zagovornik enovite/regionalne geografije in Vladimir Klemenčič, pobudnik »slovenske/ljubljanske šole socialne geografije«.
In geography of the 20th century, the interpretation of the existing spatial reality experienced different research approaches and definitions. Geographers came to the conclusion that society, man and social groups play also an important role in the contemporary appearance and function of a region. The path to such a belief has been paved before WW2 by several geographers in Europe and North America. Following the Austro-German model this theory and research methodology was in Yugoslavia advocated predominantly by Slovene geographers, while others – mainly due to the almost exclusive denial of the spatial physical-geographical factors – opposed it. Vladimir Klemenčič, the initiator of social geography thought in Slovenia, and Svetozar Ilešič, an advocate of the unified/regional geography, stood on opposite banks with like-minded people.