bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Insecticides on Peach Twig Borer, 1980
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test plots were located at Columbia View and Smith Tract orchards of the Tree Fruit Research Center, Wenatchee. The plot at Columbia View consisted of Elberta and Hale varieties. The Smith Tract plot consisted of a mixture of several early and late maturing varieties. Plots were arranged in a completely random design with 4 single tree replicates per plot. Plots were sprayed to the point of drip with hand guns at 400-500 psi. Pretreatment counts were made by examining each tree and recording the number of infested twigs. Post-treatment counts were conducted in the same manner.
Citrus Rust Mite Control in Texas, 1980
Authors: French J. Victor 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental acaricides were compared to VendexR in a randomized block design on 20-year-old grapefruit trees planted on a 30 x 25 ft spacing. MitacR was tested in combination with 1% citrus spray oil (OrchexR 796). Each treatment was replicated 4 times in single tree plots with a handgun of a John Bean MTET Sprayer at 250 psi, ca. 15 gal /tree. Treatments were applied on Jun 24, with rust mite counts at ca. 2-week intervals until acaricides lost residual effectiveness. One hundred fruit (25/tree) were randomly selected in each treatment and rust mite counted in a l-cm2 lens field at lOx on the top, medium and bottom of each fruit.
Citrus Red Mite Control in Corona, California, 1980
Authors: Brown R. D. , Jesser M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Acaricides were applied in a lemon grove infested with citrus red mite. Treatments were applied by handgun (450 psi) with about 1500 gal/acre. There were six single-tree replicates per treatment. Adult female mites were counted on 32 leaves per tree (8 terminals).
Citrus Rust Mite Control, 1979
Authors: Childersand C. C. , Konsler B. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental miticides were evaluated for efficacy against citrus rust mite (CRM) in randomized complete block designs. Treatments were replicated 8 times in test 1 and 6 times in test 2. An unsprayed buffer tree separated treated trees both within and between rows. Sprays were applied dilute with a handgun at 200 psi using a truck-mounted sprayer on Sep 12 (test I) and Oct 5 (test 2). Approximately 5 gals of finished spray were applied to each sample tree which equaled ca. 455 gals per acre. Twenty fruit were examined at random around the canopy of each sample tree at various time intervals before and after spraying. A 1 cm2 area was examined on each of 2 shaded sides per fruit. The combined 2 cm2 count of motile CRM was recorded as one observation. Twenty leaves of the 1979 spring-summer flush were picked at random around the perimeter of each sample tree. Motile CRM were counted within 1 cm2 area on both upper and lower basal leaf surfaces. The two counts were combined per leaf and recorded as one observation.
Citrus Rust Mite Control, 1980
Authors: Childers C. C. , Konsler B. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Varying rates of Vendex alone and in combination with 1% 435 oil were evaluated for citrus rust mite (CRM) control. Treatments were replicated 7 times in single tree plots in test I and 6 times in test 2. An unsprayed buffer tree separated treated frees both within and between rows in both tests. Sprays were applied dilute with a handgun at 350 psi on Jun 3 (test I) and 400 psi on Aug 6 (test 2) using a truck-mounted sprayer. Twenty fruit were examined at random around the canopy of each sample tree at various time intervals before and after spraying. A 1 cm2 area was examined on each of 2 shaded sides per fruit. The combined 2 cm2 count per fruit of motile CRM was recorded as one observation.
Oranges, Citrus Thrips Control, 1980
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Mullis C. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Various insecticides including Marshal, Orthene, UC 57193, Lorsban, and Ethion were compared to Cygon for control of citrus thrips on Valencia oranges at petal fall on the Yuma Citrus Station. Sprays were applied Apr 10 to 3-tree plots replicated 4 times. Treated at the rate of 3 gal/tree (250 gpa) and 300 psi with a pistol-type spray gun attached to a John Bean Sprayer. Precount Apr 9 average 7.9 thrips/terminal.
Foliar Sprays to Control Cabbage Looper on Broccoli, 1980
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. , Francis J. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Waltham 29’ broccoli was transplanted Aug 14 in 3-ft rows with 20-inch row spacing. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of a single 25-ft long row with an untreated row adjacent to each treatment plot. The sprays were applied with a D. B. Smith 5-gallon, knapsack, hand-operated, compressed-air sprayer at the rate of 75 gal/acre (40 psi), using a D. B. Smith #E-147 adjustable cone nozzle. All applications except the special Lannate schedule in Table 1 were made on Sep 3, 11, 19 and Oct 2; the special Lannate schedule was applied on Aug 20, 26, Sep 2, 11, 19, 25 and Oct 2. Treatments were evaluated by counting the number of loopers/10 broccoli plants and by foliage injury ratings. Foliage injury ratings ranged from 1 to 5 and were categorized as follows: 1) Only occasional feeding - necessary to look very close to see evidence of injury; 2) Visible signs of feeding but less than 10% of leaves severely damaged; 3) Heavy feeding on 10-25% of foliage; 4) Intense feeding on 25-50% of foliage; and 5) Practically 100% of the foliage severely damaged, plants nearly defoliated.
Aerial Sprays for Control of European Corn Borer in Snap Bean, 1980
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Johnston Richard L. , Radcliffe Edward B. , Cuperus Gerrit W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Snap beans were planted Jun 10 at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Plots were 48 x 50 ft, arranged randomly in 3 replications along the flight path of the aircraft. Sprays were applied Jul 29 and Aug 5 with a fixed-wing agricultural aircraft delivering 5 gal/acre at 33 psi. Plots were infested with corn borer egg masses in the ‘blackhead’ stage Jul 25 at a rate of 22 egg masses/50 ft row. Evaluation of insecticide efficacy was done by harvesting 50 row-ft from each plot and examining plants for dammage pods and vines.
Control of Corn Earworm on Cabbage, 1978
Authors: Stevens Larry M. , Kikuchi Rosalie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was located at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Inarajan, Guam. Seedlings were transplanted into the field (volcanic ash with a Mariana limestone base) on Apr 6, 1978. Each plot consisted of three rows 20 ft long and 4 ft apart. Each row consisted of 10 plants. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. There were two treatments plus a control. Treatments were applied starting on Apr 10 and continued every four days until Jun 19. Heliothis spp. damage was assessed on May 23 and Jun 5 by counting the number of larvae per plant and then determining the percentage of infested heads.
Control of Cabbage Borer and Diamondback Moth on Cabbage, 1979
Authors: Stevens Larry M. , Kikuchi Rosalie , Bias Tom 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was located at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Inarajan, Guam. Seedlings were transplanted into the field (volcanic ash with a Mariana limestone base) on Jun 20, 1979. Each plot consisted of three rows, 20 ft long and 4 ft apart. Each row consisted of 10 plants. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. There were five treatments plus a control. Treatments were applied using a solo backpack sprayer 425 starting on Jun 25, 1979, and continued every four days until Aug 19. Cabbage borer and diamondback damage were assessed on Jul 16, Jul 23 and Aug 6 by counting the number of larvae per plant and then determining the percentage of infested heads.
Cabbage Looper Control on Collards - Effects of Surfactants and Feeding Stimulants On Efficacy of Dipel and Trichoplusia Ni Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus, 1979
Authors: Harper J. D. , Hollingsworth M. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted at the North Alabama Horticulture Substation, Cullman. Collard transplants were set in plots consisting of 1 row of 10 plants (44 inch row spacing x 18 inches in row spacing). Two tests were established utilizing randomized complete block designs with ten treatments and 4 replications in each. Test 1 compared 9 different surfactants or feeding stimulants in combination with a preparation of Trichoplusiani nuclear polyhedrosis virus (TNPV). Test 2 compared the same additives with Dipel WP as the active ingredient. All formulations were water based. In each test, an untreated control and the active ingredient without additives were used as checks on additive effectiveness. All plots were treated with CO2 sprayers operating at 30 psi and delivering 20 gallons of material per acre. Treatments were applied on Aug 7, 14, and 21. Pre-spray larval counts were made on Aug 7 from plants randomly selected over the entire field. Final insect counts were made on Aug 27 by making 3 whole plant counts in each plot. Larvae were classed as small, medium or large. Plant damage was also rated on this date by rating 10 plants in each plot on a 1-6 scale based on leaf loss where 1 =0-1% loss, 2 = 2-5% loss, 3 = 6-10% loss, 4- 11-21% loss, 5 = 21-50% loss, and 6 = greater than 50% loss. Ratings for the 10 plants were averaged for each plot.
Sweetcorn, Corn Earworm Control, 1980
Authors: All J. N. , Javid A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Funks G80 was planted May 12, 1980 at the University of Georgia Experiment Station, Oconee Co. The soil type was Appling sandy loam. A randomized complete block experimental design with 2 row plots x 20-ft.long x 38-inch row width x 2-ft alleys with 5 replicates was used. Plants were treated with a full cone spray using an air pressure sprayer at 30 psi in a final volume of 50 gal/A directed on the plant ears. Plots were sprayed 7 times on Jul 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14 and 16. All ears in the center 18 foot of row were examined on Jul 18 for the presence of corn earworm larvae or damage.
Flea Beetle Control in Sweet Corn, 1980
Authors: Graustein Mark , Belt Dean 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This trial was conducted in a commercial sweet corn field planted on May 5. Two row by 50 ft plots were replicated 5 times. All treatments were applied on May 9 as a 7 inch band over the row using a one row Gandy applicator and incorporated using a hand rake. Twenty plants per plot (10 plants per row) were evaluated for flea beetle damage on Jun 2.
Foliar Sprays to Control Fall Armyworm in Sweet Corn, 1980
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. , Francis J. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘N&K 199’ and ‘Silver Queen’ sweet corn were planted, 10 in spacing in 6 ft rows, on Jun 9. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of a single 25 ft long row. Insecticides were applied to the ear and areas about 15 inches above and below the ear with a D. B. Smith 5 gallon, knapsack, hand-operated, compressed-air sprayer at the rate of 25 gal/acre (40 psi) using a spraying systems cone jet Y-8 nozzle. Treatments for ‘N&K 199’ were initiated prior to first silk on Jul 30 and continued at 2-3 day intervals thru Aug 11, a total of 6 applications overall. Two sprays were applied to ‘Silver Queen’ prior to first silk, the first on Aug 1, and continued thru Aug 15 for a total of 7 treatments. Ten ears were harvested from each .treatment replicate and checked for fall armyworms on Aug 15 for ‘N&K 199’, and on Aug 19 for ‘Silver Queen’. The following categories were selected for evaluation of fall armyworm injury: 1) Clean - no evidence of armyworms; 2) Medium - injury less than 1.5 inches below tip, ear could be clipped; 3) Severe - damage well below ear tip and of such nature that ear could not be clipped or salvaged for use; 4) Basal - shank of ear infested or damaged; 5) Salvageable ears - clean + medium.
Field Evaluation of Insecticides for Asian Corn Borer on Vegetable Corn, Pangasinan, Philippines, 1980
Authors: Litsingerand J. A. , Cruz C. G. dela , Paragna F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five trials on farmers’ fields evaluated 33 insecticides on vegetable corn for Asian corn borer in early monsoon season in Pao village, Manaoag municipality, Pangasinan province, Philippines. The 75-day corn variety precedes puddled rice. Corn (2-4 seeds/hill; 50-cm between hills) was planted by hand in furrows 1-m wide and received 60 kg N|/ha. The trial fields were planted 1-2 months later than the surrounding farmers’ fields in order to obtain high corn borer populations. Ridomil applied as a seed treatment (2 g ai/kg seed) ensured protection against downy mildew Sclerosporaphilippinensis Weston which normally infects late plantings. Sprays were applied 4 times in 650 l/ha spray volume by a manually operated 19-1 knapsack sprayer with a fan jet nozzle. Azodrin served as a check in each trial. Granulars were applied once by hand in the whorls. Plot size was 100 m2 in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Rainfall was 522 mm, RH averaged 85%, and the mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures were 32° and 24°C, respectively, from 20 days after crop emergence to harvest. At harvest 50 plants/plot were examined and cut open to record the number of corn borer tunnels and larvae + pupae (inside and outside the stems). Yield was based on 25 m2 . Ears were sorted by length to select those which were marketable (&gt; 10 cm). Insect damaged ears are marketable to local consumers.
Corn Earworm Experiment, 1980
Authors: Turtle D. M. , Mullis C. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides were compared with a standard treatment (Lannate) at the Yuma Valley Experiment Station in Oct. Seed was planted on 40 inch beds Aug 20. Each plot consisted of single-row 50-ft long with 4 replicates in a randomized block design. The test area was treated Sept 11 with Diazinon (1 lb ai/acre) to control the lesser cornstalk borer. Scheduled treatments for the corn earworm were started Oct 11 (25% of the plants silking) for both the 2 and 4-day intervals. All sprays were applied at a rate of 14 gpa with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer operated at 40 psi. Evaluations were made on Oct 31 by harvesting 25 ears from each replicate. Categories selected for evaluation were: 1) clean - no damage; 2) slight -tip injury only; 3) unmarketable - extensive injury. Some fall armyworms were present with entrance and damage near the middle of the ears.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Eggplant, 1980
Authors: Muka A. A. , Heath J. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Each treatment consisted of two 16.5 ft rows bordered on each side by an untreated guard row and planted in a randomized complete block design. ‘Dusky’ was transplanted info the field Jun 3. The plants intended for one block were of poor quality and low vigor; only ‘Black Magic’ plants were available to replant that block on Jun 19. Applications were made on Jun 25, Jul 9, Jul 30, Aug 13 and Aug 27 with a wheel-barrow type, hand-pushed (Mater Machine Works) compressed air 2-row boom sprayer delivering 40 gallons H2O/A with 3 flat fan nozzles (8002)/row. The eggplant rows were planted 40 inches apart. Adults, larvae and egg masses of CPB were counted on ten whole plants randomly selected in each plot on each sample date. Fruits were harvested Aug 6, 13, 20, 28, 30; Sep 3, 10 and 30, weighed, counted, and individually evaluated for CPB feeding damage. Yield is reported as the total weight of fruits taken from plots over the course of 8 harvest dates. This test was conducted at Schenectady, NY where CPB populations are traditionally large and increasingly difficult to control.
Bacillus Formulations for Cabbage Looper Control on Head Lettuce, 1979
Authors: Gerhardt Paul D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This trial was carried out at the University of Arizona, Mesa Branch Station, where the soil type is Laveen clay loam. Empire variety of lettuce (naked seed) was planted in a dry seed bed, 2 seed rows per 40 inch wide bed using a sled type planter on Aug 22, 1979. The planting was furrow irrigated, keeping the beds damp until germination took place. Average tempera-tures for this period were, maximum 101°F and minimum 72.5°F. Plants were thinned to a 12 inch spacing on Sep 24 and 25, after which the planting was cultivated, side dressed with nitrogen fertilizer and irrigated. In order to protect the seedlings after thinning the entire planting was treated with Lannate at 0.45 lbs ai/acre. Plots were laid out in a complete randomized block design with treatments replicated 4 times. Each plot was 4 beds wide, 13.3 ft by 30 ft long, representing 0.0092 acres. Four ft alleyways were left between plots lengthwise of the field. Treatments with different materials began on Sep 21, with applications being made at approximately weekly intervals. Sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized bak-pak sprayer having a lightweight 2 nozzle boom, with one nozzle per plant row. Each nozzle was fitted with a D-3 tip. No. 25 core and 50 mesh screen, operated at 55 psi and applying 35 gallons of spray per acre. When the plants became larger, 2 nozzles per plant row were used. Insect counts were made on 10 plants selected at random from the middle 2 beds of each plot. Each plant was examined for eggs and larvae of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusiani. At maturity the lettuce plants in the middle 2 beds of each plot were graded in the field according to commercial grades (i.e., no. 1 1/2, no. 2, and no. 2 1/2 which represents the number of heads that are packed in a standard lettuce carton).
Control of Loopers and Alfalfa Caterpillar in Peas, 1980
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Cuperus Gerrit W. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were established at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN, on peas which emerged following the disking of an early season planting. Stands were more dense than commercial plantings but relatively uniform across all plots. Plots were 21 x 60 ft, randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. A tractor-drawn boom sprayer delivering 27 gal/acre at 100 psi was used to apply treatments Aug 30. Plots were sampled Sep 2 by having 4 persons intensively search each plot for 5 minutes.
European Corn Borer Control in Peppers, 1980
Authors: Graustein Mark , Whitehead Joanne 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In July pepper plots were established in a commercial field located near Slaughter Neck, DE in a 24-row block of sweet cherry peppers and a 24-row block of hot banana peppers. Two row 20 ft long plots were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. All treatments were applied between Jul 21 and Sep 26 on the following schedules: Sevin and Lannate on a 7-day schedule, a reduced rate of Orthene (0.75 lb ai/acre) on a 10-day schedule, Orthene at 1 lb ai per acre every 7 days until 21 days before harvest then reduced to 0.5 lb ai per acre for three applications on a seven day schedule and the alternating of Orthene and Lannate (Orthene - 10 day interval; Lannate - 7 day interval, etc.) A wheel barrow design, CO2-pressurized sprayer using three nozzles per row (2 drop nozzles and 1 overhead) delivering 43 gal per acre at 40 psi was used to apply all treatments. Peppers were harvested on Sep 4, Sep 12, and Oct 13 at which time 50 fruit from each plot were examined for European corn borer infestation.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetles with Systemic Insecticides in White Potatoes, 1980
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. , Henninger Melvin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Superior’potato seed pieces were planted 10 In apart in 25 ft rows on 36 in centers in sandy loam soil on Apr 18 ‘80. In-furrow treatments were applied in a 6 in band with wheel-driven Noble applicators attached to a two-wheeled bicycle sprayer operated at 2 mph. Sidedress treatments were applied May 29 with a hand shaker 4 in out from the plants on each side of the row and lightly incorporated. Colorado potato beetles were counted on May 29; damage evaluation was determined by percent defoliation on Jun 16 and 25. Plots were harvested on Jul 15.
Insect Control on Potatoes in Northwest Ohio, 1980
Authors: Henne R. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Katahdin’ potatoes were planted May 10, at Napoleon, Ohio, in double rows, 22-ft long, 40-in row spacing, adjacent to 2 rows of transplanted tomatoes spaced on 5-ft center. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design with a 20-ft space separating blocks. Foliar applications were made with a tractor mounted boom sprayer delivering 83 gal/acre at 300 psi, using hollow cone nozzles. Treatments were initiated Jun 20 and repeated on a 10-day schedule through Aug 4, for a total of 5 applications. Insect counts were taken after each application, but data are presented on potatoes for the Aug 8 record date only. Colorado potato beetle adults and larvae were counted on 1 entire row per plot, aphids were counted on 5 randomly-selected leaves, and the number of potato stems damaged by European corn borer was recorded for 5 hills in the center of each plot. Potatoes were harvested Sep 8 and graded marketable and small (under 2-in diameter).
Wireworm Control on Potatoes, 1980
Authors: Johnston Richard L. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted May 24 at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rose-mount, Minnesota. The soil is a Waukegan silt loam. The field had previously been several years in bluegrass sod. Plots were 2 rows, 60-ft long, 40-in row spacing, with a control plot on either side of 2 treatments. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with 8 replications. Treatments were applied in-furrow at planting with a planter-mounted granular applicator. Potatoes were harvested Oct 9, washed, counted, and scored for wireworm injury.
Potato Pest Control, Aerial Trials, 1980
Authors: Radcliffe Edward B. , Cranshaw Whitney S. , Johnston Richard L. , Cuperus Gerrit W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted May 24 at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rose-mount, MN. Plots were 12 rows, 48-ft long, with 40-in row spacing, replicated at 3 random intervals along the flight path of the aircraft. Sprays were applied Jul 15, 21, 28, Aug 5, 19, and 26 by a fixed-wing agricultural spray aircraft delivering 5 gal/acre at 33 psi. Potato leafhopper (PLH) nymphs and green peach aphid (GPA) apterae were counted from 35 mid-plant leaves randomly selected from each plot.
Mole Cricket Control in Tomato, 1980
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tomato plants were set February 28, 1.5 ft apart on 30 in wide by 8 in high plastic mulched beds of Myakka fine sand. Insecticide was not applied but beds were fumigated with 350 lb/acre of Dowfutne MC-33 prior to covering with plastic. Bacillusthuringiensis var. kurstaki Berliner (Dipel) was applied weekly for insect control on foliage. Sand-filled screen troughs (2 ft long x 6 in x 6 in) were buried flush lengthwise with the top of the beds in 5 ft sections of row which had not been planted. Troughs were spaced 18.5 ft apart within 3 rows spaced 4.5 ft apart. Eight insecticide treatments were randomly applied to 8 troughs of each of 2 replicates on Apr 11 and 2 more replicates on Apr 18. One trough in each replicate was untreated. Soil temperature, moisture and pH at 1.5 In depth at treatment were 91°F, 13.7% and 6.3, respectively, for the first 2 replicates and 9l°F, 16.9% and 6.6/ respectively, for the second 2 replicates. Immediately preceding treatment, 10 field-collected adult mole crickets were placed in each trough. Screen lids were attached following treatment and troughs were covered with the plastic mulch. Six days later, the number of living and dead or moribund crickets were determined for each trough. Percent mortality was calculated using Abbott’s formula and values were transformed arcsinV%/100 prior to analysis.