bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roles of biomarkers in anti‐MDA5‐positive dermatomyositis, associated interstitial lung disease, and rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease
Authors: Li Xiaomeng , Liu Yongmei , Cheng Linlin , Huang Yuan , Yan Songxin , Li Haolong , Zhan Haoting , Li Yongzhe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐melanoma differentiation‐associated gene 5 (MDA5)‐positive dermatomyositis (MDA5+DM) is significantly associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD), especially rapidly progressive ILD (RPILD) due to poor prognosis, resulting in high mortality rates. However, the pathogenic mechanism of MDA5+DM‐RPILD is unclear. Although some MDA5+DM patients have a chronic course of ILD, many do not develop RPILD. Therefore, the related biomarkers for the early diagnosis, disease activity monitoring, and prediction of the outcome of RPILD in MDA5+DM patients should be identified. Blood‐based biomarkers are minimally invasive and can be easily detected.MethodsRecent relative studies related to blood biomarkers in PubMed were reviewed.ResultsAn increasing number of studies have demonstrated that dysregulated expression of blood biomarkers related to ILD such as ferritin, Krebs von den Lungen‐6 (KL‐6), surfactant protein‐D (SP‐D), and cytokines, and some tumor markers in MDA5+DM may provide information in disease presence, activity, treatment response, and prognosis. These studies have highlighted the great potentials of blood biomarker values for MDA5+DM‐ILD and MDA5+DM‐RPILD. This review provides an overview of recent studies related to blood biomarkers, besides highlighted protein biomarkers, including antibody (anti‐MDA5 IgG subclasses and anti‐Ro52 antibody), genetic (exosomal microRNAs and neutrophil extracellular traps related to cell‐free DNA), and immune cellular biomarkers in MDA5+DM, MDA5+DM‐ILD, and MDA5+DM‐RPILD patients, hopefully elucidating the pathogenesis of MDA5+DM‐ILD and providing information on the early diagnosis, disease activity monitoring, and prediction of the outcome of the ILD, especially RPILD.ConclusionsTherefore, this review may provide insight to guide treatment decisions for MDA5+DM‐RPILD patients and improve outcomes.
Inhibiting 5‐lipoxygenase prevents skeletal muscle atrophy by targeting organogenesis signalling and insulin‐like growth factor‐1
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Jun , Kim Seon‐Wook , Lee Sang‐Hoon , Jung Da‐Woon , Williams Darren R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSkeletal muscle atrophy can occur in response to numerous factors, such as ageing and certain medications, and produces a major socio‐economic burden. At present, there are no approved drugs for treating skeletal muscle atrophy. Arachidonate 5‐lipoxygenase (Alox5) is a drug target for a number of diseases. However, pharmacological targeting of Alox5, and its role in skeletal muscle atrophy, is unclear.MethodsThe potential effects of gene knockdown and pharmacological targeting of Alox5 on skeletal muscle atrophy were investigated using cell‐based models, animal models and human skeletal muscle primary cells. Malotilate, a clinically safe drug developed for enhancing liver regeneration and Alox5 inhibitor, was investigated as a repurposing candidate. Mechanism(s) of action in skeletal muscle atrophy was assessed by measuring the expression level or activation status of key regulatory pathways and validated using gene knockdown and RNA sequencing.ResultsMyotubes treated with the atrophy‐inducing glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, were protected from catabolic responses by treatment with malotilate (+41.29%, P < 0.01). Similar anti‐atrophy effects were achieved by gene knockdown of Alox5 (+30.4%, P < 0.05). Malotilate produced anti‐atrophy effects without affecting the myogenic differentiation programme. In an in vivo model of skeletal muscle atrophy, malotilate treatment preserved muscle force/strength (grip strength: +35.72%, latency to fall: +553.1%, P < 0.05), increased mass and fibre cross‐sectional area (quadriceps: +23.72%, soleus: +33.3%, P < 0.01) and down‐regulated atrogene expression (Atrogin‐1: −61.58%, Murf‐1: ‐66.06%, P < 0.01). Similar, beneficial effects of malotilate treatment were observed in an ageing muscle model, which also showed the preservation of fast‐twitch fibres (Type 2a: +56.48%, Type 2b: +37.32%, P < 0.01). Leukotriene B4, a product of Alox5 activity with inflammatory and catabolic functions, was found to be elevated in skeletal muscle undergoing atrophy (quadriceps: +224.4%, P < 0.001). Cellular transcriptome analysis showed that targeting Alox5 up‐regulated biological processes regulating organogenesis and increased the expression of insulin‐like growth factor‐1, a key anti‐atrophy hormone (+226.5%, P < 0.05). Interestingly, these effects were restricted to the atrophy condition and not observed in normal skeletal muscle cultures with Alox5 inhibition. Human myotubes were also protected from atrophy by pharmacological targeting of Alox5 (+23.68%, P < 0.05).ConclusionsThese results shed new light on novel drug targets and mechanisms underpinning skeletal muscle atrophy. Alox5 is a regulator and drug target for muscle atrophy, and malotilate is an attractive compound for repurposing studies to treat this disease.
Pre‐gastric secretory epithelium: A light, scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of an epithelial modification of the esophagus in embryonic quails
Authors: Soliman Soha A. , Madkour Fatma A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe current study investigated epithelial modification of embryonic quail esophagus using gross examination, light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. By semithin sections, the pre‐gastric modified region had unfolded mucosa, formed epithelial flabs and pockets, and had reduced muscularis mucosae, thin muscular layer, less glandular tissue, and outer esophageal groove. Conversely, the normal esophageal mucosa was folded, had abundant glandular tissue and prominent muscularis mucosae, with two muscular layers; the outer and the inner. The modified epithelium resembled stratified squamous type that had a high affinity for PAS, methylene blue, and PAP stains. Ultra‐structural features of the modified esophageal epithelium resembled stratified squamous epithelium and contained hypertrophic Keratinocytes; dark and light. Hypertrophic keratinocytes had RER organized, few ribosomes, and developed loose bundle of cytokeratin compared with squamous keratinocytes. Hypertrophic Keratinocytes synthesize two types of granules; peripherally located small electron‐dense granules and large electron‐lucent granules. Hypertrophic keratinocytes had peroxisomes that were identified by the crystalline core of the urate oxidase. In conclusion, epithelia modification may have secretory function. Further studies should be carried out to explain the exact function of this type of modified epithelium.
A descriptive investigation of clinical practice models used by cardiovascular genetic counselors in North America
Authors: Rickman Allison F. , Fitzgerald‐Butt Sara M. , Spoonamore Katherine G. , Ware Stephanie M. , Helm Benjamin M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCardiovascular genetic counseling has expanded as an established genetic counseling specialty over the last 20 years. Despite guidelines recommending genetic counseling for heritable cardiac diseases, there have been limited descriptions of the practice model types used for different clinical indications seen in this genetic counseling subspecialty. We aimed to describe current clinical practice models used by cardiovascular genetic counselors and to document practice model strengths, challenges, and areas for improvement. Genetic counselor respondents (n = 63) who self‐reported seeing cardiovascular indications were recruited through the National Society of Genetic Counselors and Twitter. They completed a survey describing the types of healthcare professionals with whom they collaborate to see common cardiovascular indications, the nature of their collaboration, and their qualitative experiences with their practice models. Clinical indications addressed in this survey were hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, all other cardiomyopathies, arrhythmias, aortopathies, dyslipidemias, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and congenital heart defects. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. We found that the composition of multidisciplinary provider practice models varies by indication, though general cardiologists were the most common collaborative provider reported. Practice models including geneticists were most common for aortopathy indications. Overall, the majority of respondents were satisfied with the practice models they reported. While a wide variety of successes, challenges, and areas for improvement of practice models were reported, collaboration, communication, and access to appropriate providers for patient care were consistent themes across these three questions. To our knowledge, this is the first description of practice models used by cardiovascular genetic counselors. The results of this study add to the knowledge of this specialty of genetic counseling and assist in understanding the needs and challenges for developing cardiovascular genetics programs and clinics.
Forcing Hamiltonicity in locally finite graphs via forbidden induced subgraphs I: Nets and bulls
Authors: Heuer Karl , Sarikaya Deniz 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn a series of papers, of which this is the first, we study sufficient conditions for Hamiltonicity in terms of forbidden induced subgraphs and extend such results to locally finite infinite graphs. For this we use topological circles within the Freudenthal compactification of a locally finite graph as infinite cycles. In this paper we focus on conditions involving claws, nets and bulls as induced subgraphs. We extend Hamiltonicity results for finite claw‐free and net‐free graphs by Shepherd to locally finite graphs. Moreover, we generalise a classification of finite claw‐free and net‐free graphs by Shepherd to locally finite ones. Finally, we extend to locally finite graphs a Hamiltonicity result by Ryjáček involving a relaxed condition of being bull‐free.
COVID‐19 and the state: Exploring a puzzling relationship in the early stages of the pandemic
Authors: Gisselquist Rachel M. , Vaccaro Andrea 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDuring the first year of the Covid‐19 pandemic, it was wealthier countries with stronger institutions that suffered the highest numbers of cases and fatalities. Many weaker countries were instead praised for more effective pandemic response. What explains this seeming puzzle? We re‐consider these relationships in the cross‐country data, drawing on measures of the state, Covid's health impact and pandemic response. In brief, our analysis suggests that, when appropriate additional factors are taken into account, the expected relationship between state effectiveness and pandemic health outcomes in fact is clear. We also offer insight into how different dimensions of the state influence policy and outcomes and how particular countries compare with others.
Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma at baseline and 1 year after initiation of nucleos(t)ide analog therapy for chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Kaneko Shun , Kurosaki Masayuki , Mashiba Toshie , Marusawa Hiroyuki , Kondo Masahiko , Kojima Yuji , Uchida Yasushi , Fujii Hideki , Akahane Takehiro , Yagisawa Hitoshi , Kusakabe Atsunori , Kobashi Haruhiko , Abe Takehiko , Yoshida Hideo , Ogawa Chikara , Furuta Koichiro , Tamaki Nobuharu , Tsuji Keiji , Matsushita Tomomichi , Izumi Namiki ,   the Japanese Red Cross Liver Study Group
Published: October 2022

AbstractNucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) cannot completely suppress the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This study aimed to identify the risk factors for HCC development in naïve CHB patients treated with current NA. Patients receiving NA (n = 905) were recruited retrospectively from the 17 hospitals of the Japanese Red Cross Liver Study Group. All treatment‐naïve patients had been receiving current NA continuously for more than 1 year until the end of the follow‐up. We analyzed the accuracy of predictive risk score using the area under receiver operating characteristic curve. The albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) score was significantly improved by NA therapy (−0.171 ± 0.396; p < 0.001 at Week 48). A total of 72 (8.0%) patients developed HCC over a median follow‐up of 6.2 (1.03–15.7) years. An independent predictive factor of HCC development was older age, cirrhosis, lower platelet counts at baseline and ALBI score, and alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) at 1 year after NA therapy according to multivariate analysis. The accuracy was assessed using the PAGE‐B, mPAGE‐B, aMAP, APA‐B, and REAL‐B scores that included these factors. Discrimination was generally acceptable for these models. aMAP and REAL‐B demonstrated high discrimination with 0.866/0.862 and 0.833/0.859 for 3‐ and 5‐year prediction from the status of 1 year after NA therapy, respectively. Baseline age and platelet count, as well as ALBI and AFP one year after NA, were useful for stratifying carcinogenesis risk. The aMAP and REAL‐B scores were validated with high accuracy in Japanese CHB patients.
Improving the performance of the unmeasured latent method construct technique in common method variance detection and correction
Authors: Ding Cherng G. , Chen Chien‐Fan , Jane Ten‐Der 
Published: October 2022

SummaryIn behavioral research, common method variance (CMV) is likely to occur when data are obtained from the same sources. Ignoring CMV can lead to biases in parameter estimates. Although the unmeasured latent method construct (ULMC) technique, based on confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), is frequently used for CMV detection and correction, previous research has indicated that its performance is rather poor. In this study, we propose an approach to improve the performance of ULMC by adding identifying indicators together with the use of Rindskopf's reparameterization of the CFA model for error variances and implicit constraints for correlations. The chi‐square test for model fit and the chi‐square difference test are used to test for the existence of CMV and to determine the number of method constructs. The simulation results indicated that, given adequate sample size, the ULMC technique with the proposed approach performs well in CMV detection and correction. Moreover, its performance in CMV correction is superior to the performance of the CFA marker technique. The approach, illustrated with two datasets, is strongly recommended for empirical studies that suffer CMV.
Ultrasonic bone cement removal efficiency in total joint arthroplasty revision: A computer tomographic‐based cadaver study
Authors: Roitzsch Clemens , Apolle Rudi , Jan Baldus Christian , Winzer Robert , Bellova Petri , Goronzy Jens , Hoffmann Ralf‐Thorsten , Troost Esther G. C. , May Christian Albrecht , Günther Klaus‐Peter , Fedders Dieter , Stiehler Maik 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPolymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) removal during septic total joint arthroplasty revision is associated with a high fracture and perforation risk. Ultrasonic cement removal is considered a bone‐preserving technique. Currently, there is still a lack of sound data on efficacy as it is difficult to detect smaller residues with reasonable technical effort. However, incomplete removal is associated with the risk of biofilm coverage of the residue. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the efficiency of ultrasonic‐based PMMA removal in a human cadaver model. The femoral components of a total hip and a total knee prosthesis were implanted in two cadaver femoral canals by 3rd generation cement fixation technique. Implants were then removed. Cement mantle extraction was performed with the OSCAR‐3‐System ultrasonic system (Orthofix®). Quantitative analysis of cement residues was carried out with dual‐energy and microcomputer tomography. With a 20 µm resolution, in vitro microcomputer tomography visualized tiniest PMMA residues. For clinical use, dual‐energy computer tomography tissue decomposition with 0.75 mm resolution is suitable. With ultrasound, more than 99% of PMMA was removed. Seven hundred thirty‐four residues with a mean volume of 0.40 ± 4.95 mm3 were identified with only 4 exceeding 1 cm in length in at least one axis. Ultrasonic cement removal of PMMA was almost complete and can therefore be considered a highly effective technique. For the first time, PMMA residues in the sub‐millimetre range were detected by computer tomography. Clinical implications of the small remaining PMMA fraction on the eradication rate of periprosthetic joint infection warrants further investigations.
Lactobacillus paracaseiIMC 502 ameliorates type 2 diabetes by mediating gut microbiota–SCFA–hormone/inflammation pathway in mice
Authors: Gu Yuxiang , Chen Haoran , Li Xing , Li Dan , Sun Yue , Yang Lin , Ma Ying , Chan Eric Chun Yong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex and prevalent metabolic disease that seriously threatens human health. Numerous studies have shown that probiotics as dietary supplements have the potential to prevent and treat T2DM. However, the ability of various strains to improve diabetes symptoms and corresponding mechanisms are different. Thus, mechanistic investigation is required to validate the pharmacology of each probiotic strain for T2DM treatment. Lactobacillus paracasei IMC 502 was originally isolated from Italian elderly human feces and its probiotic attributes have been demonstrated. Here, the antidiabetic pharmacodynamics of L. paracasei IMC 502 on T2DM mice was explored.RESULTSLactobacillus paracasei IMC 502 significantly decreased blood glucose, HbA1c and lipid levels, improved insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, regulated the mRNA/protein expression of key hepatic enzymes associated with gluconeogenesis, de novo lipogenesis and PI3K/Akt pathway, and repaired pancreatic and hepatic tissue damage. This probiotic conferred beneficial outcomes in the gut microbiome of diabetic mice, which induced transformation of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and further enhanced the secretion of downstream hormones, and ultimately ameliorated the inflammatory response.CONCLUSIONLactobacillus paracasei IMC 502 prevents and alleviates T2DM by mediating the gut microbiota–SCFA–hormone/inflammation pathway. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Performance of the new ferritic/martensitic steel SIMP against liquid lead‐bismuth eutectic corrosion: Comparison with T91 and 316L steels
Authors: Ma Zhiwei , Shen Tielong , Zhou Ting , Wang Zhiguang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe degradation of structural materials caused by the corrosion of liquid lead‐bismuth eutectic (LBE), the coolant of lead‐cooled fast reactors (LFRs), has become one of the limiting factors for the development of LFRs. In this study, LFR structural candidates SIMP and T91 ferritic/martensitic steels and 316L austenitic stainless steel were selected to conduct corrosion experiments at different durations (120–1218 h) in oxygen‐saturated liquid LBE at 550°C. It was found that the austenitic stainless steel 316L has the best resistance to LBE corrosion due to its high Cr content, which allows dense Fe–Cr spinel with high Cr content to be generated in oxygen‐containing LBE, slowing down the oxidation rate. However, a certain degree of dissolution corrosion occurred in the early stages of corrosion in 316L steel, which disappeared with the increase of time. The ferritic/martensitic steel SIMP has better oxidation resistance than T91 due to its higher Si content, which results in a more compact inner oxide layer of SIMP steel, thus impeding the diffusion of Fe and O ions more effectively.
Superhydrophobic and Superlipophilic Low Density Polyethylene/Styrene–Butadiene Rubber Thermoplastic Vulcanizate Film for Pressure‐Responsive Continuous Oil–Water Separation
Authors: Huang Ping , Wang Junhao , Zhu Dazhi , Wang Zhaobo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn recent years, with the continuous discharge of wastewater, which has caused serious environmental pollution, it is a task to separate oil or water from wastewater. Therefore, an efficient and low‐cost oil–water separation method is needed to separate the oil–water mixture. Here, a superhydrophobic/superoleophilic low density polyethylene/styrene‐butadiene rubber (LDPE/SBR) thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) film (oil contact angle of 0° and water contact angle of 161.1° ± 1.7°) is prepared using an etched aluminum foil as a template and applied to a laboratory‐assembled oil–water separation device, which is a new method for oil–water separation via a pressure response valve. The LDPE/SBR TPV film is rolled up and stuffed into the through‐valve, and the gap between the films is used as the pressure response channel for oil and water separation, thus achieving oil and water separation. When the film gap is 25 or 50 µm, the separation efficiency of TPV film is greater than 99% with the variation of external pumping force, indicating that this method can achieve complete oil–water separation under a suitable external pumping force. This functional TPV film has good recyclability, environmental stability, chemical stability, mechanical durability, as well as thermal stability, which makes it have great application potential.
Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution: Design, Strategy, and Structure‐to‐Performance Relationship
Authors: Lin Zheng , Guo Jia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhotocatalysts are essential in photoenergy transduction systems, and their promising use for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water has been intensively studied for decades. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are emerging crystalline materials that are featured with highly ordered skeletons with intrinsic uniform pores, conferring a predesignable platform for exploring novel photocatalysts. In this review, the rapid progress of two‐dimensional (2D) COFs on visible photocatalytic H2 production from water is delineated. This review summarizes the design principles of building blocks, linkages, and reactions for constructing photocatalytic active 2D COFs with desirable electronic properties. This review introduces different strategies for enhancing photocatalytic performances by extending π‐conjugation, establishing donor–acceptor (D–A) configuration, functionalizing layered structures, and incorporating heteroatoms, or metal complexes. This review details the unique synergy between 2D COFs and various functional materials, such as inorganic–organic semiconductors, emphasizing on the structure‐to‐performance relationship. This review further concludes with the current challenges and promising opportunities for developing COF‐based photocatalysts.
A combined experimental and molecular dynamics simulation study on customizing surface chemistry of graphene oxide toward high‐performance natural rubber composites
Authors: Zhang Xumin , Fu Quansheng , Luo Yanlong , Wang Jingyi , Jia Hongbing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractModification of fillers and enhancement of the dispersion and compatibility of fillers in a rubber matrix is an effective way to improve the comprehensive performance of rubber. In this work, graphene oxide (GO) was modified with each of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 1‐allyl‐3‐methylimidazole hydrochloride and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate. Then, modified GO/natural rubber (NR) composites were fabricated using a latex‐mixing method. By combining experiments and molecular simulation, we investigated the relationship between the microstructures and properties of the modified GO/NR composites. Results showed that the polyvinylpyrrolidone‐modified GO/NR composite had the smallest fractional free volume and mean square displacement, which led to excellent solvent resistance, and dynamic and physical mechanical properties. This study provides new insights into the design of high‐performance GO/NR composites at the molecular level. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.