bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potensi Krim Ekstrak Etanol Daun Stroberi (Fragaria x ananassa var Duchesne) sebagai Tabir Surya
Authors: Pambudi Petrick Gilang , Suhartinah Suhartinah , Ansory Hery Muhamad 
Published: February 2022

Ekstrak daun stroberi dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas tabir surya yang baik. Formulasi sediaan yang baik menjadi hal yang diperlukan untuk tahapan berikutnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mutu fisik dari sediaan krim dan menentukan nilai SPF krim ekstrak etanol daun stroberi (Fragaria x ananassa var duchesne) sebagai tabir surya.
Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah refluks dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Analisis kandungan ekstrak dilakukan dengan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT). Konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan untuk membuat krim tabir surya adalah 0,250% ; 0,500% dan 1,000%. Evaluasi yang dilakukan pada sediaan adalah uji mutu fisik, uji stabilitas sediaan dan aktivitas tabir surya baik in vivo dengan uji iritasi pada kulit manusia dan in vitro dengan spektrofotometri UV-Vis.
Hasil penelitian ekstrak etanol daun stroberi didapatkan rendemen sebanyak 20,5% dan uji KLT menunjukan bahwa ekstrak daun stroberi positif mengandung flavonoid dan tanin. Krim ekstrak etanol daun stroberi yang paling baik pada konsentrasi 1,000% dengan nilai SPF sebesar 52,90.
Pengaruh Edukasi Terhadap Pengetahuan Swamedikasi Batuk pada Anak di Kecamatan Wonosari Kabupaten Klaten Jawa Tengah
Authors: Hanifah Inaratul Rizkhy , Safitri Annisa Nur , Purwidyaningrum Ika 
Published: February 2022

Pengobatan sendiri atau swamedikasi merupakan salah satu cara masyarakat untuk mengobati suatu gejala penyakit tanpa menggunakan resep dari dokter. Pengetahuan akan swamedikasi yang benar sangat diperlukan agar batuk dapat disembuhkan dengan tidak disertai efek lain yang merugikan penderita. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh edukasi melaui media online terhadap tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat tentang swamedikasi batuk pada anak di Kecamatan Wonosari, Kabupaten Klaten, Jawa Tengah pada tahun 2020.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian Quasi Eksperimental dengan teknik Two Group Pre Test-Post Test Control Group Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah orang tua yang memiliki anak di Kecamatan Wonosari Kabupaten Klaten. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 268 orang. Alat pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner yang telah di uji validitas dan reliabilitasnya.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat padasaat dilakukan pre-test tergolong baik (41,04%), cukup (54,48%), kurang (4,48%), tidak baik (0%). Pemberian edukasi mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan responden ditunjukan dengan hasil pengetahuan post-test tergolong baik (89,55%), cukup (10,45%), tidak baik (0%), kurang (0%). Analisis uji Wilcoxon didapatkan nilai p 0,000 000 < nilai α 0,05 yang dapat diartikan bahwa pemberian edukasi melalui media online mempengaruhi pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai swamedikasi batuk pada anak.
Analisis Biayariil Dan Kesesuaian Dengan Tarif INA-CBG’S Pada Pasien Kanker Kolorektal Di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Tahun 2018
Authors: Amalia Annora Rizky 
Published: February 2022

Kanker kolorektal adalah kanker yang dimulai dari bagian kolon atau rectum. Kanker kolorektal terjadi ketika tumor terbentuk pada lapisan usus besar. Tingginya biaya riil kemoterapi kanker kolorektal merupakan faktor utama dibuatnya program jaminan kesehatan nasional melalui paket INA-CBG’s. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kesesuaian biaya riil dengan tarif paket INA-CBG’s dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi biaya riil pada pasien kanker kolorektal rawat inap di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observational crosssectional. Data diambil secara retrospektif. Subyek dan obyek penelitian ini adalah pasien kanker kolorektal yang menjalani rawat inap dan data rekam medik serta berkas klaim pelayanan rawat inap di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta periode Januari-Desember 2018. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta. Analisis yang digunakan adalah one sample t-test untuk mengetahui kesesuaian antara biaya riil dan tarif INA-CBG’s serta analisis korelasi bivariat untuk mengetahui hubungan biaya riil dengan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi biaya riil.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada prosedur intestinal kompleks (K-1-20-I/II/III) memiliki rata-rata biaya yang lebih tinggi daripada prosedur yang lain yaitu sebesar Rp 20.889.414,64. Hal ini dikarenakan tingginya biaya pada tindakan medis dan juga biaya farmasi. Berdasarkan besarnya perbedaan antara tarif riil dengan paket INA-CBG’s pada pasien kanker kolorektal di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta tahun 2018 prosedur yang memiliki selisih biaya paling tinggi adalah pada prosedur kemoterapi pada tingkat keparahan C-4-13-I dengan total selisih sebesar Rp -671.021.073,14 (selisih negatif). Faktor yang paling berpengaruh adalah Length Of Stay (LOS) pada prosedur anal dengan kode INA-CBG’s K-1-50 dengan nilai p <0,05 (0,000) dan pada prosedur tumor pencernaan dengan kode INA-CBG’s K-4-10 dengan nilai p<0,05 (0,001).
Formulasi Hair Tonic dari Ekstrak Etanol, Fraksi Etanol, dan Fraksi Kloroform-Metanol Kayu Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.)
Authors: Sari Dina Yuspita , Widyasari Ratna , Puspita Weni 
Published: February 2022

Kayu Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) dimanfaatkan sebagai antioksidan pada produk kosmetik. Beberapa kandungan senyawa di dalamnya adalah brazilin, brazilein, 3´-O-metilbrazilin, sappanon, kalkon, dan sappankalkon sebagai metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasi hair tonic dari ekstrak dan fraksi kayu secang, menentukan kualitas, dan aktivitas pertumbuhan rambut formula hair tonic menggunakan ekstrak etanol (Eet), fraksi etanol (Fen), dan fraksi kloroform-metanol (Fkm) kayu secang.
Simplisia kayu secang dimaserasi menggunakan etanol 96 %, kemudian dipartisi menggunakan n-heksana. Fraksi etanol selanjutnya diaplikasikan menggunakan kromatografi kolom vakum (KKV) menggunakan eluen kloroform, kloroform:metanol (5:1), dan kloroform. Eet, Fen, dan Fkm kayu secang kemudian diformulasi ke dalam sediaan hair tonic. Evaluasi hair tonic meliputi pengujian organoleptis, penentuan pH, penentuan viskositas, pengujian homogenitas, dan pengujian aktivitas pertumbuhan rambut.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga formula hair tonic menghasilkan warna merah-jingga, berbau aromatik dengan bentuk cair/larutan, memiliki pH 7, homogen, dan viskositas 3 cps. Ketiga formula hair tonic memberikan aktivitas pertumbuhan rambut kelinci pada parameter panjang rambut dan bobot rambut. FIII yang mengandung fraksi kloroform-metanol kayu secang memberikan hasil berbeda bermakna dengan kontrol negatif pada data panjang rambut kelinci hari ke 30 yang menunjukkan bahwa FIII memberikan aktivitas terbaik. Ketiga formula memenuhi persyaratan mutu hair tonic dan memberikan aktivitas pertumbuhan rambut.
Literature Review: Aktivitas Batang dan Daun Sambiloto (Andrographis Paniculata Nees) terhadap Target Molekular Terapi Diabetes
Authors: Mar'ah Nurul Hidayatul 
Published: February 2022

Andrographis paniculata Nees, disebut juga sambiloto adalah tanaman yang berkhasiat sebagai terapi alternatif diabetes melitus (DM). Sambiloto merupakan tanaman multi-compounds yang memiliki kandungan senyawa antara lain: diterpenoid, flavonoid dan polifenol. Studi ini bertujuan menjelaskan aktivitas senyawa kimia yang terkandung di dalam batang dan daun sambiloto terhadap lima target molekular terapi DM, yaitu Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP4), Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTP1B), α-glukosidase, Glucose Transporter (GLUT) dan glukokinase.
Studi ini menggunakan metode systematic review, yakni dengan membuat PRISMA checklist dan diagram flow, menetapkan kriteria inklusi-eksklusi, search engine serta kata kunci untuk mendapatkan data yang relevan. Data yang diperoleh berupa hasil penelitian primer yang disajikan dalam tabel ekstraksi data, selanjutnya ditelaah secara komprehensif.
Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa golongan senyawa diterpenoid dan flavonoid yang terkandung dalam batang dan daun sambiloto dapat memberikan aktivitas terhadap target molekular, seperti senyawa 19-trifenil isoandrografolid dapat menghambat DPP4, α-glukosidase dan mengaktivasi glukokinase; senyawa andrografolakton dapat menghambat PTP1B; senyawa deoksiandrografolid meningkatkan translokasi dan akselerasi GLUT4; senyawa 15-p-metoksibenziliden 14-deoksi-11,12-didehidroandrografolid menghambat α-glukosidase; dan Golongan flavonoid seperti senyawa apigenin mampu menghambat DPP4, PTP1B, serta mengaktivasi glukokinase.
Diagnostic Performance of CT Compared to PET/CT in Evaluating Bone Metastasis - An Initial Experience from Nepal
Authors: Shahi Rajive , Rayamajhi Sampanna , Maharjan Sagar , Panta Sujata 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Bone metastasis is frequently encountered in different cancers. Computed tomography (CT) is commonly used to detect bone metastasis. Positron emission tomography (PET) has only recently been introduced in Nepal. Various studies have shown PET/CT to be superior to CT alone in identifying bone metastasis. This study aims to compare the utility of CT scan compared to F-18 FDG PET/CT for detecting bone metastasis in common non-hematological malignancies.
Methods: The medical records of cancer patients referred to us between from September 2019 to April 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. Two radiologists and two nuclear medicine physicians read the CT and PET/CT scans respectively, performed as part of the same study. Results were categorized as positive, negative of equivocal. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CT alone was evaluated compared to PET/CT.
Results: A total of 365 patients were included in the study. Out of 365 patients, bone metastasis was detected in 53 patients (14.5%). CT alone was true positive in 40 patients, true negative in 311 patients, false positive in 1 patient and false negative in 13 patients. (5 equivocal cases considered as negative). On per-patient analysis, CT alone when compared to PET/CT had sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of 75.4%, 99.6% and 96.1% respectively for detection of bone metastasis.
Conclusions: Our study highlights that metabolic alteration in bone metastasis are identified by F-18 FDG PET/CT even before morphological changes are apparent on CT. Further, F-18 FDG PET/CT is extremely helpful if CT findings are equivocal for bone metastasis.
Pregnancy Outcome in Amniotic Fluid Index 5 cm or less in Term Pregnancy at Tertiary Level Teaching Hospital, Birgunj, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Ruby , Chudal Deepa , Shah Ravi Kumar , Jain Usha 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Oligohydramnios has increased incidence of fetal distress, meconium-stained liquor, prolonged labor, low Apgar score, low birth weight, admission to NICU, cord compression, birth asphyxia, and operative interference. The objective of the study was to determine the pregnancy outcome in amniotic fluid index 5 cm or less in term pregnancy.
Materials and Methods
This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted at National Medical College & Teaching Hospital from June 2017 to May 2018. A total of 72 obstetric cases with AFI ≤ 5 cm and 72 cases with AFI > 5 cm with meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study after taking consent.
Results
Incidence of oligohydramnios was 2.2% out of 4318 deliveries and term oligohydramnios was 1.66%. AFI ≤ 5 cm was associated with increased induction of labor (p < 0.001), caesarean section (p = 0.01)), meconium stained liquor (p = 0.106), Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes (p = 0.001), NICU admission (p = 0.003), neonatal deaths (p = 0.053) were comparable with AFI >5 cm.
Conclusion
Amniotic fluid index ≤ 5 cm at term is an indicator of poor perinatal outcome. Women with AFI ≤ 5 cm can expect a good outcome if they have regular ANC visits and intrapartum monitoring than the AFI > 5 cm.
Iron Deficiency in Anemic Patients: Study in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Chaurasiya Anand Kumar , Alam Fahad , Patel Amit Kumar , Manna Sourav , Singh Niraj Kumar 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Anemia is a clinical abnormality characterized by a reduction in hemoglobin concentration below the normal for age and sex. It can be of different types, the most common being iron deficiency anemia which affects mostly pregnant and lactating females and growing children in the developing world.
Materials and Methods
This was a hospital-based observational study conducted at National Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Pathology Department, Birgunj, Nepal. Patients above the age of 10 years of both sexes (male and females) having anemia ( males having hemoglobin level < 13 gm/dl and females having hemoglobin level < 12 gm/dl ) were included. After a detailed history, preliminary blood tests including complete blood counts, peripheral smear, and reticulocytes count were done. In patients suspected (microcytic hypochromic blood picture and normal reticulocytes count ) to have iron deficiency anemia, serum ferritin was done to confirm the diagnosis. Patients under the age of 10 years and those patients having blood malignancies (acute or chronic leukemia) were excluded from the study.
Results
Sixty anemic patients were found to have iron deficiency. Females were affected more (66%) with iron deficiency anemia than males (34%). There were two peaks (30% and 21%) in age groups 10 – 20 years and 61 – 70 years. Complete blood counts revealed a significant decrease in the value of red cell indices like mean corpuscular volume in 70% patients (Normal MCV 80 to 100 fl) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin in 72% patients (Normal MCH 27 to 33 pg ). On peripheral smear, it was seen that most of the patients (72%) had microcytic hypochromic blood pictures. Iron deficiency anemia was more common in rural areas.
Conclusion
Iron deficiency anemia was the most common type of anemia. It is more common in females and the prevalence is more in rural areas.
Ossicular Chain Status in Adults with Chronic Otitis Media Mucosal at a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Nepal
Authors: KC Sarita , Bista Ranishma , Bhattarai Sriya , Dutta Vijay Bhushan 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Chronic Otitis Media (COM) is a common condition characterized by perforation of the tympanic membrane and inflammation of middle ear cleft mucosal lining for at least 2-6 weeks. This study was carried out to find out the status of the middle ear ossicles in patients with COM mucosal and to correlate with clinical parameters.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective clinical study comprises 106 myringoplasty patients at the department of ENT, Shree Birendra Hospital. Their preoperative PTA, four frequencies (500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, and 4000 Hz) Air Conduction Thresholds (ACT), and Air Bone Gap (ABG) were recorded. Ossicular chain integrity and mobility evaluated intraoperatively were noted. Ossicular chain status was analyzed with ACT and ABG.
Results
The ossicles were intact and mobile in 91.5%, either fixed/ restricted or disrupted in 8.5%. Mean ACT and ABG comparisons in intact and ossicular chain defect groups were statistically significant. Frequency-specific ACT at all four frequencies and ABG except at 4000 Hz in the two groups were also statistically significant to predict the ossicular involvement. The group with ossicular defect had moderate to severe Conductive Hearing Loss (CHL).
Conclusion
Mean as well as frequency-specific ACT and ABG can be considered as a potential preoperative predictor for ossicular chain status in COM mucosal.
Konsolidasi Tanah Untuk Optimalisasi Tanah Pertanian Berskala Kecil (Studi Kasus Di Kota Salatiga)
Authors: Arnowo Hadi 
Published: February 2022

Pelaksanaan konsolidasi tanah di Kota Salatiga pada tahun anggaran 2018 terletak di Kelurahan Kauman Kidul. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji manfaat konsolidasi tanah untuk optimalisasi tanah pertanian berskala kecil. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif yaitu menjelaskan hasil yang diperoleh dan menganalisisnya dengan peraturan mengenai konsolidasi tanah. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang bersumber dari wawancara dan observasi dan data sekunder berupa data tekstual dan data spasial dari Kantor Pertanahan Kota Salatiga. Kesepakatan dari peserta program konsolidasi tanah bahwa sumbangan tanah untuk pembangunan yang utama berupa pelebaran dan pembangunan jalan lingkungan serta peningkatan teknis jaringan irigasi. Sedangkan hasil sumbangan yang masih tersisa berupa persil tanah digunakan untuk pembangunan penunjang agrowisata seperti pusat kuliner dan tempat istirahat, pos pengamanan, kandang ternak bersama, area parkir, gazebo dan embung. Implementasi desain konsolidasi tanah di lapangan tidak mengalami hambatan karena sudah sesuai dengan kehendak masyarakat. Dampak positif dari terlaksananya konsolidasi tanah adalah masyarakat petani termotivasi untuk tetap mengusahakan lahan pertanian dan sekaligus membangun agrowisata yang melibatkan partisipasi masyarakat.
Performance-Based Strategy on Evaluating to Write for Student at Arabic Literature Faculty of Universitas Negeri Malang
Authors: Manaf Luthfi Abdul 
Published: February 2022

Purpose - This study aims to uncover the Performance-Based Strategy on Evaluating to Write for students at the Arabic Literature Faculty of Universitas Negeri Malang.
Design/methodology/approach - This research uses a qualitative approach with a multi-site case study type. While the primary data collection method uses in-depth interviews, and the secondary data uses the Participant Observation and Documentation methods.
Findings - This study reveals the Performance-based strategy used by lecturers in writing: writing simple sentences and compound sentences and writing descriptions of places and things.
Originality/value - The Use of a Performance-based strategy can help the teacher obtain accurate information in determining learning outcomes in learning to write.
Paper type – Research Paper
A Learning Analysis of EFL Students’ Debate Activity by Using British Parliamentary for Enhancing Speaking Ability and Critical Thinking
Authors: Hadi Muhamad Sofian , Izzah Lidiyatul , Maharani Aulia 
Published: February 2022

Purpose - This research aims to analyze the speaking ability and critical thinking of the EFL students after conducting activities by using British Parliamentary.
Design/methodology/approach - was descriptive research that explains the debate activity as one option for improving students' speaking ability and their critical thinking by concerning the data in fieldwork. The data was taken by analysis and interview.
Findings/result - The research used a descriptive qualitative research design by collecting the data from the daily test of State Senior High School of 5 Bogor. The sample was thirty-six students and ten students as the sample from the interview activity. The final result that has been found from the research such as, 0 students (0%) scored are between 60-70, 15 students (41.7%) scored between 75-80, and 21 students (58.30%) scored between 85-90. Therefore, the success of the debate activity is determined by some requirements of the students in the class.
Originality/value - The debate activity by using British parliamentary is one of the best solutions to make the students become more aware of the current issue and be brave to speak of their thought and improve their speaking ability.
Paper type - Research paper
PENGARUH ADITIF EM4 (effective microorganism), AIR TEBU DAN TEPUNG JAGUNG TERHADAP KUALITAS UJI ORGANOLEPTIK SILASE RUMPUT KUMPAI (Hymenachine amplexicaulis)
Authors: Kastalani Kastalani , Kusuma Maria Erviana , Laurena Desty 
Published: February 2022

The study aims to determine the effect of various EM4 (effective microorganism) mixtures, sugarcane juices and corn flour on the physical quality of silage of Kumpai Grass (Hymenachine amplexicaulis). To get the right level of additive mixture to produce good dilation This research was conducted using a randomized complete design with treatment A (EM3 3%, Sugarcane water 1%, Corn flour 2%), B (EM3 3%, Sugarcane water 2%, Corn flour 3%), A (EM3 3%, Sugarcane water 3%, Corn flour 6%), A (EM3 3%, Sugarcane water 4%, Corn flour 8%). The observed variables were physical silage in the form of odor, texture and color. The result showed that the addition of EM4 (effective microorganism) additives, sugarcane juices and corn flour had no effect on organoleptic testing of silage Kumpai Grass (Hymenachine amplexicaulis).
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SELECTION PROCESS IN BASKETBALL. THE ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIALISTS’ OPINION
Authors:   Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania, EPURE M. , BĂDĂU D. ,   Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
Published: February 2022

objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the specialists’ in the field opinion on the selection process in the basketball game.Method: Data were collected through a questionnaire survey consisting of 27 items, divided into two sections. In this study, 25 specialists participated, out of whom 22 were basketball coaches and 3 were Physical Education and Sports teachers, specializing in basketball.Results: The questionnaire had an Alpha Cronbach fidelity index value of .766. Conclusions: The analysis of the answers received based on the questionnaire highlights the need to improve the secondary selection process in basketball.Key words: basketball, sports selection, questionnaire. 1 Transilvania University of Braşov 1. Introduction The selection or "identification of talents" is an organized activity, with a repetitive character, of early detection of children with special skills for practicing certain branches or sports, based on medical, biological, socio-psychological and motor criteria [1], [15], [16]. The selection process and the analysis of the young players’ potential skills has as ultimate goal their preparation for the requirements of the higher leagues and the access into these higher leagues as well as the capitalization on the basketball players’ full potential [11], [18], [19]. This process of identifying talents is a complex one because it requires defining efficient selection criteria and involving several professionals, as follows: coaches, physical trainers, doctors, kinesiologists, psychologists, etc. [13]. In general, the selection process [2] is developed in three stages: STAGE I - the initial or primary selection, which involves attracting, discovering and selecting talented children, with skills for playing basketball. STAGE II – the intermediate or secondary selection, which is considered the most important stage of the selection process because it takes place around the pre-pubertal period when the mental and biological stabilization takes place. The