bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A geography of UK museums
Authors: Ballatore Andrea , Candlin Fiona 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMuseums are important centres of heritage, culture, education, and tourism. These diverse institutions operate in different ways, reaching different audiences and managing varied collections. Thanks to a novel database of unprecedented completeness produced by the Mapping Museums project, this study provides a quantitative geography of museums in the UK, showing how about half of the sector had not been surveyed before. The presence of museums is mapped across several attributes, including museum size (estimated as yearly visits) and governance (government‐led, independent, or university‐led). Firstly, observing a snapshot of the sector in December 2017, we quantify and interpret the spatial distribution of museums, discussing its implications for access to museums, public service provision, resource allocation, and cultural tourism. Then, in a regional analysis, we study their density in relation to the local population, at the regional and Local Authority District scale, providing new evidence of the extent of spatial inequalities in the cultural sector, particularly relevant to a sector in which funding is mostly allocated at the regional level. At the crossing between human geography and museum studies, this inquiry reveals the centres and peripheries of this cultural sphere, providing fresh evidence of the presences and absences that shape cultural life across the UK.
Corneal diamond burr debridement for superficial non‐healing corneal ulcers in cats
Authors: Anastassiadis Zoe , Bayley Kellam David , Read Robert A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical outcomes and efficacy of diamond burr debridement (DBD) treatment for corneal ulceration in cats.Procedure(s)Medical records of cats that received DBD at two private practices between 2015 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. DBD was performed using a battery‐powered, handheld motorized burr and a bandage contact lens was placed in 18/21 eyes. Corneal ulceration was considered resolved if the cornea was fluorescein negative with a stable epithelial surface. Recurrence was defined as return of corneal ulceration. Descriptive statistics and a Fisher's exact test were conducted on the study population.ResultsTwenty‐one eyes from 20 cats with superficial corneal ulcers refractory to medical treatment underwent DBD. Domestic and Burmese were the most commonly encountered breeds and the median age of affected cats was 8.83 years (range 0.5–20 years). Corneal ulceration was present for a median of 14 days prior to DBD. Healing was achieved in 81% of eyes; with four eyes failing to heal and requiring further intervention. Corneal sequestrum was reported in one case that failed to heal. Of the healed cases, three cases recurred (17.6%) at a mean of 116.3 days (range 79–135 days). Burmese were overrepresented (p < .001) in cases that failed to heal or recurred (6/7 eyes; 85.7%). The median postoperative follow‐up time was 93 days (range 6–1613 days).ConclusionsDiamond burr debridement is a safe, non‐invasive treatment for corneal ulceration in cats but, compared with published results, it had a lower success rate than superficial lamellar keratectomy.
Protocol for establishing a core outcome set for evaluation in studies of pulmonary exacerbations in people with cystic fibrosis
Authors: McLeod Charlie , Smyth Alan Robert , Messer Mitch , Schultz Andre , Wood Jamie , Norman Richard , Blyth Christopher C , Webb Steve , Elliott Zoe , Van Devanter Donald , Stephenson Anne L , Tong Allison , Snelling Thomas L 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPulmonary exacerbations are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). There is no consensus about which outcomes should be evaluated in studies of pulmonary exacerbations or how these outcomes should be measured. Outcomes of importance to people with lived experience of the disease are frequently omitted or inconsistently reported in studies, which limits the value of such studies for informing practice and policy. To better standardise outcome reporting and measurement, we aim to develop a core outcome set for studies of pulmonary exacerbations in people with CF (COS-PEX) and consensus recommendations for measurement of core outcomes.Methods and analysisPreliminary work for development of COS-PEX has been reported, including (1) systematic reviews of outcomes and methods for measurement reported in existing studies of pulmonary exacerbations; (2) workshops with people affected by CF within Australia; and (3) a Bayesian knowledge expert elicitation workshop with health professionals to ascertain outcomes of importance. Here we describe a protocol for the additional stages required for COS-PEX development and consensus methods for measurement of core outcomes. These include (1) an international two-round online Delphi survey and (2) consensus workshops to review and endorse the proposed COS-PEX and to agree with methods for measurement.Ethics and disseminationNational mutual ethics scheme approval has been provided by the Child and Adolescent Health Service Human Research Ethics Committee (RGS 4926). Results will be disseminated via consumer and research networks and peer-reviewed publications. This study is registered with the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials database.
Feasibility of a pulmonary rehabilitation programme for patients with symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Georgia: a single-site, randomised controlled trial from the Breathe Well Group
Authors: Maglakelidze Mariam , Kurua Ia , Maglakelidze Nino , Maglakelidze Tamaz , Chkhaidze Ivane , Gogvadze Ketevan , Chkhaidze Natia , Beadle Helen , Redden-Rowley Kelly , Adab Peymane , Adams Rachel , Chi Chunhua , Cheng KK , Cooper Brendan , Correia-de-Sousa Jaime , Dickens Andrew P , Enocson Alexandra , Farley Amanda , Gale Nicola K , Jowett Sue , Martins Sonia , Rai Kiran , Sitch Alice J , Stavrikj Katarina , Stelmach Rafael , Turner Alice M , Williams Sian , Jordan Rachel E , Jolly Kate 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility of delivering a culturally tailored pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programme and conducting a definitive randomised controlled trial (RCT).DesignA two-arm, randomised feasibility trial with a mixed-methods process evaluation.SettingSecondary care setting in Georgia, Europe.ParticipantsPeople with symptomatic spirometry-confirmed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease recruited from primary and secondary care.InterventionsParticipants were randomised in a 1:1 ratio to a control group or intervention comprising 16 twice-weekly group PR sessions tailored to the Georgian setting.Primary and secondary outcome measuresFeasibility of the interventionandRCT were assessed according to: study recruitment, consent and follow-up, intervention fidelity, adherence and acceptability, using questionnaires and measurements at baseline, programme end and 6 months, and through qualitative interviews.ResultsThe study recruited 60 participants (as planned): 54 (90%) were male, 10 (17%) had a forced expiratory volume in 1 second of ≤50% predicted. The mean MRC Dyspnoea Score was 3.3 (SD 0.5), and mean St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) 50.9 (SD 17.6). The rehabilitation specialists delivered the PR with fidelity. Thirteen (43.0%) participants attended at least 75% of the 16 planned sessions. Participants and rehabilitation specialists in the qualitative interviews reported that the programme was acceptable, but dropout rates were high in participants who lived outside Tbilisi and had to travel large distances. Outcome data were collected on 63.3% participants at 8 weeks and 88.0% participants at 6 months. Mean change in SGRQ total was −24.9 (95% CI −40.3 to –9.6) at programme end and −4.4 (95% CI −12.3 to 3.4) at 6 months follow-up for the intervention group and −0.5 (95% CI −8.1 to 7.0) and −8.1 (95% CI −16.5 to 0.3) for the usual care group at programme end and 6 months, respectively.ConclusionsIt was feasible to deliver the tailored PR intervention. Approaches to improve uptake and adherence warrant further research.Trial registration numberISRCTN16184185.
Black sickle cell patients’ lives matter: healthcare, long-term shielding and psychological distress during a racialised pandemic in England – a mixed-methods study
Authors: Berghs Maria J , Horne Francesca , Yates Scott , Graham Sadeh , Kemp Rachel , Webster Amy , Howson Carlton 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo understand the psychological and social impact of shielding on people with sickle cell disorders and their carers in the Midlands region of England. This region was badly affected during the pandemic, with the city of Birmingham having some of the highest rates of COVID-19 deaths.DesignA mixed-methods project with a quantitative survey on shielding and adapted SF36 V.2 questionnaire, which was supplemented by qualitative semistructured interviews analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA).ParticipantsFifty-one participants who were predominantly of Black Caribbean or Black African heritage anonymously took part in the online survey. We supplemented this with eight in-depth semistructured interviews with adults with sickle cell disorders using IPA.ResultsThe adapted 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF36) version 2 (V. 2) survey indicated worse quality of life and mental health. The open-ended questions from the adapted survey also identified shielding concerns about hospital care, pain management and knowledge of sickle cell by healthcare professionals. From the interviews, it emerged that the racialised element of the pandemic caused significant psychological distress for a population group that had to regularly access hospitals. It was noted that psychological health needs both during a pandemic and outside of it were poorly understood and became invisible in services. The psychological impact of experiences of hospital care as well as growing up with an invisible chronic condition were important to understand psychologically.
Randomised controlled trial evaluating the effects of screening and referral for social determinants of health on Veterans’ outcomes: protocol
Authors: Gurewich Deborah , Kressin Nancy , Bokhour Barbara G , Linsky Amy M , Dichter Melissa E , Hunt Kelly J , Fix Gemmae M , Niles Barbara L 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionHealth policy leaders recommend screening and referral (S&R) for unmet social needs (eg, food) in clinical settings, and the American Heart Association recently concluded that the most significant opportunities for reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) death and disability lie with addressing the social determinants of CVD outcomes. A limited but promising evidence base supports these recommendations, but more rigorous research is needed to guide health care-based S&R efforts. Funded by the Veteran Health Administration (VA), the study described in this paper will assess the efficacy of S&R on Veterans’ connections to new resources to address social needs, reduction of unmet needs and health-related outcomes (adherence, utilisation and clinical outcomes).Methods and analysisWe will conduct a 1-year mixed-methods randomised controlled trial at three VA sites, enrolling Veterans with CVD and CVD-risk. 880 Veterans experiencing one or more social needs will be randomised within each site (n=293 per site) to one of three study arms representing referral mechanisms of varying intensity (screening only, screening and provision of resource sheet(s), screening and provision of resource sheet(s) plus social work assistance). For each Veteran, we will examine associations of unmet social needs with health-related outcomes at baseline, and longitudinally compare the impact of each approach on connection to new resources (primary outcome) and follow-up outcomes over a 12-month period. We will additionally conduct qualitative interviews with key stakeholders, including Veterans to identify potential explanatory factors related to the relative success of the interventions.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the VA Central Internal Review Board on 13 July 2021 (reference #: 20-07-Amendment No. 02). Findings will be disseminated through reports, lay summaries, policy briefs, academic publications, and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT04977583.
Medical sharps in Portugal: a cross-sectional survey of disposal practices among the diabetic population
Authors: Corte-Real Ana Luísa , Duarte Leonor Luz , Teixeira Ana Luísa , Cunha Maria Vaz , Rebelo Catarina Calheno , Azevedo Ana Correia de , Pinto João Mário , Faria Andreia , Sacramento Sofia , Machado Filipa , Martinho-Dias Daniel , Taveira-Gomes Tiago 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveWe aim to determine the disposal site for biohazardous materials resulting from diabetes surveillance and therapy.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingFive Portuguese primary care facilities.ParticipantsWe randomly sampled diabetic patients representative of five primary care facilities. Inclusion criteria consisted in patients≥18 years old with an active diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM). Patients unable to provide written informed consent were excluded.Outcome measureSociodemographic variables, diabetes duration, type of treatment, medical sharps disposal practices and whether adequate disposal information were provided.ResultsA total of 1436 diabetics were included. Overall, 53.8% of diabetics conducted regular capillary glicemia measurements, although 45.3% of them had no medical indication. Statistically significant predictors of adequate disposal were not having an active professional status (p=0.011) and having a DM duration between 5 and 10 years (p=0.014). Only being professionally inactive remained an independent predictor after multivariate logistic regression. Less than a fifth of patients on injectable therapy report having been advised by healthcare staff regarding sharps disposal. Over a fifth of the latter report having received wrong advice. The majority of diabetics dispose of biohazardous materials in unsorted household waste (68.1% of needles/devices with needles and 71.6% of lancets). Other incorrect disposal sites identified were recycling bins, toilet and home accumulation. Only 19.1% of the needles/devices with needles and 13.1% of the lancets were disposed of at healthcare facilities.ConclusionsMost diabetics have unsafe disposal practices for their biohazardous materials, mostly in unsorted household waste. We identified that being unemployed independently predicts adequate disposal of medical sharps and found evidence of low patient literacy on the topic, as well as poor patient education. Therefore, educating and raising awareness among healthcare professionals is crucial to address this public health issue.
South Asian Youth as Vaccine Agents of Change (SAY-VAC): evaluation of a public health programme to mobilise and empower South Asian youth to foster COVID-19 vaccine-related evidence-based dialogue in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area, Canada
Authors: Kandasamy Sujane , Ariyarajah Archchun , Limbachia Jayneel , An Derrick , Lopez Luke , Manoharan Baanu , Pacht Evan , Silver Adrienne , Uddandam Abhilash , Vansjalia Karan Mukesh , Williams Natalie C , Anand Sonia S 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesThere have been substantial amounts of misinformation surrounding the importance, safety and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine. The impacts of this misinformation may be augmented as they circulate among ethnic communities, who may concurrently face other barriers related to vaccine uptake and access. To combat some of the key sources of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation among the South Asian communities of the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA), an interdisciplinary team of researchers and marketing experts established the South Asian Youth as Vaccine Agents of Change (SAY-VAC) programme to support and empower South Asian youth to disseminate COVID-19 vaccine information.DesignCross-sectional and one-group pretest–post-test design.SettingGTHA.ParticipantsSouth Asian youth (18–29 years).InterventionThe team partnered with grass-roots South Asian organisations to collaborate on shared objectives, curate key concerns, create video products regarding the COVID-19 vaccine that would resonate with the community, disseminate the products using established social media channels and evaluate the effectiveness of this effort.OutcomesWe assessed the change in self-reported knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine and participant confidence to facilitate a conversation around the COVID-19 vaccine using pre-post surveys, after the implementation of the SAY-VAC programme.ResultsIn total, 30 South Asian youth (median age=23.2 years) from the GTHA participated in the programme. After completing the SAY-VAC programme, participants reported an increase in their self-reported knowledge regarding the COVID-19 vaccine from 73.3% to 100.0% (p=0.005), and their self-reported confidence to have a conversation about the vaccine with their unvaccinated community members increased from 63.6% to 100.0% (p=0.002). Overall, 51.9% of the participants reported being able to positively affect an unvaccinated/community member’s decision to get vaccinated.ConclusionsThe SAY-VAC programme highlights the importance of community partnerships in developing and disseminating culturally responsive health communication strategies. A constant assessment of the evidence and utilisation of non-traditional avenues to engage the public are essential.
Enhanced red blood cell distribution width to platelet ratio is a predictor of mortality in patients with sepsis: a propensity score matching analysis based on the MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Zhou Yuanjun , Zhong Liping , Chen Weiming , Liang Fei , Liao Yilin , Zhong Yuting 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the association between dynamic changes in red blood cell distribution width to platelet count ratio (RPR) during hospitalisation and short-term mortality in patients with sepsis.DesignA retrospective cohort study using propensity score matching.SettingIntensive care units (ICUs) of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.ParticipantsA total of 8731 adult patients with sepsis were included in the study. The patients were identified from the ICU of the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care database. The observed group included patients who experienced an increase in RPR of more than 30% during the first week of ICU admission, whereas the control group included the rest.Main outcome and measureUsing propensity score matching, a matched control group was created. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, and the length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality were the secondary outcomes.ResultsThe difference was evident in 28-day mortality between the two groups (85.8% vs 74.5%, p<0.001, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and HR=1.896, 95% CI=1.659 to 2.168, p<0.001, Cox regression). In the secondary outcomes, there was a significant difference in in-hospital mortality (p<0.001). In addition, the study discovered that the observed groups had a significantly longer hospital stay (p<0.001). Meanwhile, the results of subgroup analyses were consistent with those of the primary analyses.ConclusionsIn patients with sepsis, a significantly increased RPR is positively associated with the short-term death rate. Continuous RPR monitoring could be a valuable measure for predicting short-term mortality in patients with sepsis.
Methodology paper for the General Medicine Inpatient Initiative Medical Education Database (GEMINI MedED): a retrospective cohort study of internal medicine resident case-mix, clinical care and patient outcomes
Authors: Lam Andrew CL , Tang Brandon , Lalwani Anushka , Verma Amol A , Wong Brian M , Razak Fahad , Ginsburg Shiphra 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionUnwarranted variation in patient care among physicians is associated with negative patient outcomes and increased healthcare costs. Care variation likely also exists for resident physicians. Despite the global movement towards outcomes-based and competency-based medical education, current assessment strategies in residency do not routinely incorporate clinical outcomes. The widespread use of electronic health records (EHRs) may enable the implementation of in-training assessments that incorporate clinical care and patient outcomes.Methods and analysisThe General Medicine Inpatient Initiative Medical Education Database (GEMINI MedED) is a retrospective cohort study of senior residents (postgraduate year 2/3) enrolled in the University of Toronto Internal Medicine (IM) programme between 1 April 2010 and 31 December 2020. This study focuses on senior IM residents and patients they admit overnight to four academic hospitals. Senior IM residents are responsible for overseeing all overnight admissions; thus, care processes and outcomes for these clinical encounters can be at least partially attributed to the care they provide. Call schedules from each hospital, which list the date, location and senior resident on-call, will be used to link senior residents to EHR data of patients admitted during their on-call shifts. Patient data will be derived from the GEMINI database, which contains administrative (eg, demographic and disposition) and clinical data (eg, laboratory and radiological investigation results) for patients admitted to IM at the four academic hospitals. Overall, this study will examine three domains of resident practice: (1) case-mix variation across residents, hospitals and academic year, (2) resident-sensitive quality measures (EHR-derived metrics that are partially attributable to resident care) and (3) variations in patient outcomes across residents and factors that contribute to such variation.Ethics and disseminationGEMINI MedED was approved by the University of Toronto Ethics Board (RIS#39339). Results from this study will be presented in academic conferences and peer-reviewed journals.
Parental experiences of children with developmental dysplasia of the hip: a qualitative study
Authors: Theunissen WWES , van der Steen MC , van Veen MR , van Douveren FQMP , Witlox MA , Tolk JJ 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of Dutch parents of children with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), treated with a Pavlik harness, during the diagnostic and treatment process in the first year of life.DesignA qualitative study by means of semistructured interviews was conducted between September and December 2020. Qualitative content analysis was applied to code, categorise and thematise data.SettingA large, tertiary referral centre for paediatric orthopaedics in the Netherlands.ParticipantsA purposive sample of parents of children aged younger than 1 year, who were treated for DDH with a Pavlik harness, were interviewed until data saturation was achieved. A total of 20 interviews with 22 parents were conducted.ResultsFive main themes emerged: (1) positive experiences with professionals and peers, (2) insufficient information, (3) treatment concerns, (4) difficulties parenting and (5) emotional burden. Most prominent features that resonated across the interviews which led to insecurity by parents were: insufficient pre-hospital information, unfiltered online information and the lack of overview of the patient journey.ConclusionThis study offers novel insights into parental experiences in DDH care. Parents were generally satisfied with DDH care provided by the hospital. The biggest challenges were to cope with (1) insufficient and unfiltered information, (2) the lack of patient journey overview and (3) practical problems and emotional doubts, which led to concerns during treatment. Future research and interventions should focus on optimising information provision and guidance with practical and emotional support for parents of children with DDH.