bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nephrosclerosis in young patients with malignant hypertension
Authors: Bureau Côme , Jamme Matthieu , Schurder Juliet , Bobot Mickaël , Robert Thomas , Couturier Aymeric , Karras Alexandre , Halimi Jean-Michel , Bellenfant Xavier , Rondeau Eric , Mesnard Laurent 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Nephrosclerosis is one of the histopathological consequences of severe or malignant hypertension (MH), some of the pathophysiology of which has been extrapolated from essential polygenetic arterial hypertension. Despite our recent description of unsuspected ciliopathies with MH, causes of MH in young patients with severe renal impairment are poorly understood.

Methods
To refine and better describe the MH phenotype, we studied clinical and prognostic factors in young patients receiving a kidney biopsy following their first episode of MH. Patients were identified retrospectively and prospectively from eight centres over a 35-year period (1985–2020). Keywords were used to retrospectively enrol patients irrespective of lesions found on renal biopsy.

Results
A total of 114 patients were included, 77 (67%) of whom were men, average age 34 years, 35% Caucasian and 34% African origin. An isolated clinical diagnosis of severe nephrosclerosis was suggested in only 52% of cases, with 24% primary glomerulopathies. Only 7% of patients had normal renal function at diagnosis, 25% required emergency dialysis and 21% were eventually transplanted. Mortality was 1% at the last follow-up. Independent prognostic factors significantly associated with renal prognosis (6-month dialysis) and predictive of end-stage renal disease were serum creatinine on admission {odds ratio [OR] 1.56 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34–1.96], P &lt; .001} and renal fibrosis &gt;30% [OR 10.70 (95% CI 1.53–112.03), P = .03]. Astonishingly, the presence of any thrombotic microangiopathy lesion on renal biopsy was an independent, protective factor [OR 0.14 (95% CI 0.02–0.60), P = .01]. The histopathological hallmark of nephrosclerosis was found alone in only 52% of study patients, regardless of ethnicity.

Conclusions
This suggests that kidney biopsy might be beneficial in young patients with MH.
Development of Dependence in Smokers and Rodents With Voluntary Nicotine Intake: Similarities and Differences
Authors: Chellian Ranjithkumar , Behnood-Rod Azin , Bruijnzeel Adriaan W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Smoking and vaping throughout adolescence and early adulthood lead to nicotine dependence. Nicotine withdrawal is associated with somatic and affective withdrawal symptoms that contribute to smoking and relapse. Affective nicotine withdrawal symptoms in humans include craving for cigarettes, depression, anxiety, trouble sleeping, and cognitive deficits.

Methods
Herein, we review clinical studies that investigated nicotine dependence in people who smoke or vape. We also discuss studies that investigated the development of dependence in animals with oral nicotine intake, nicotine aerosol self-administration, and intravenous nicotine self-administration.

Results
Clinical studies report that adolescents who smoke daily develop nicotine dependence before those who smoke infrequently, but ultimately all smokers become dependent in adulthood. Preclinical studies indicate that rats that self-administer nicotine also become dependent. Rats that self-administer nicotine display somatic withdrawal signs and affective withdrawal signs, including increased anxiety and depressive-like behavior, cognitive deficits, and allodynia. Most nicotine withdrawal signs were observed in rodents with daily (7 days/week) or intermittent long access (23-hour) to nicotine. Clinical smoking studies report symptoms of nicotine dependence in adolescents of both sexes, but virtually all preclinical nicotine self-administration studies have been done with adult male rats.

Conclusions
The role of sex and age in the development of dependence in nicotine self-administration studies remains under-investigated. However, the role of sex and age in nicotine withdrawal has been thoroughly evaluated in studies in which nicotine was administered noncontingently. We discuss the need for volitional nicotine self-administration studies that explore the gradual development of dependence during adolescence and adulthood in rodents of both sexes.

Implications
The reviewed clinical studies investigated the development of nicotine dependence in male and female adolescent and young adult smokers and vapers. These studies indicate that most adolescent smokers and vapers gradually become nicotine dependent. Preclinical studies with rodents show that nicotine intake in widely used self-administration models also leads to dependence. However, almost all animal studies that investigated the development of nicotine dependence have been conducted with adult male rats. To better model smoking and vaping, it is important that nicotine intake in rats or mice starts during adolescence and that both sexes are included.
Ultrasound-guided Percutaneous Laser Disc Decompression (PLDD) with Fluoroscopic Validation for the Treatment of Cervical Disc Herniation: Technical Note
Authors: Gazzeri Roberto , Tribuzi Susanna , Galarza Marcelo , Leoni Matteo Luigi Giuseppe , Occhigrossi Felice 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
Percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD) has been regarded as an effective alternative for the treatment of cervical soft disc herniations. Repeated X-Ray scanning is essential when performing this technique.

Design
Technical note.

Methods
We present a new method for the treatment of cervical disc herniation using ultrasound to guide the needle entry to the cervical disc, to avoid excess of radiation exposure during the surgical procedure. We evaluated the efficacy of this cervical approach. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 14 cases who underwent a PLDD under ultrasound guidance for the treatment of contained cervical disc herniation using a 1,470 Nm diode laser. The lower cervical discs (C5–C6 and C6–C7) were the most affected sites, accounting for 78.6% of surgical discs. A significant NRS reduction between baseline and 1 month (P = .0002) and between baseline and 12 months (P = .0007) was observed.

Conclusions
Our results support the conclusion that ultrasound guided PLDD with fluoroscopic validation is a minimally invasive technique for patients affected by herniated cervical discs, but proper choice of patients is critical. This approach should not be performed except after adequate training under close supervision of surgeons experienced in this procedure and in interventional US.
Back to our roots or sowing new seeds: thinking anew on the paradigms of health, harm and disease
Authors: van Schalkwyk May C I , Zenone Marco , Maani Nason , Petticrew Mark , McKee Martin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Health, harms and disease are intimately linked, and their promotion and distribution are determined by the social, political and physical worlds in which people live. Yet, the popular narrative on health is still dominated by a biological model that focuses on a disease-causing ‘pathogen’ or ‘agent’ that leads to pathology which is diagnosable and amenable to intervention at the individual level via measures delivered through the health care and public health systems. This model generally rests on understanding populations as a collection of individuals, with the pattern of disease seen as the sum of a series of risk factors acting on each of them. Too little attention is paid to the ways in which health, harm, disease, causation and risk are conceptualized and used as guiding concepts in research, policy debates and other fora. We often overlook the distribution of health and the regulatory regimes, norms, values and rights that promote or undermine health. By challenging our ways of thinking about health, harms and disease, we can start to appreciate with greater depth the ways in which health can be threatened and what should be seen as harmful, and conversely, opportunities for moving our systems towards promoting and protecting health.
The Faculty of Public Health: past, present and future
Authors: Trethewey Samuel P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This year we celebrate 50 years of the UK Faculty of Public Health (FPH). This commentary serves as a reflection on the history of the FPH, considering the origins of public health in the UK and the role of the FPH in shaping public health practice and policy. The genesis and evolution of the FPH are discussed, drawing upon reflections from past presidents and the wider literature. Historical shifts in the identity and roles of public health practitioners are also explored in the context of an increasingly complex and dynamic health and social care system. Key changes in public health practice are described, including the development of a multidisciplinary public health workforce and an increased focus on health inequalities over recent decades. Building upon this is a discussion of the current purpose of the FPH and perspectives on the future of the FPH amidst a changing public health landscape.
Public health and military health
Authors: Falconer Hall Thomas , Bricknell MCM , Ross DA 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper summarizes the role of Public Health specialists within the UK Defence Medical Services (DMS). The armed forces have a need for expert advice on health improvement, health protection and healthcare public health. The first professor of military hygiene, Dr Edmund Parkes, was a leading pioneer in the public health movement of the late 19th century. Since then, the armed forces have evolved the term ‘hygiene’, though ‘health’, to ‘well-being’. Military doctors with an interest in medical administration and the health of populations have longstanding links with their civilian peers, through the Society of Medical Officers of Health and its successor the Faculty of Public Health. The specialty of Public Health in the armed forces is multidisciplinary, following the same educational pathway as civilian peers. The speciality has made important contributions during global health emergencies including the Ebola outbreak in 2014 and the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Although a small cadre, within the DMS and in the UK Public Health workforce, they have an important role in keeping our armed forces ready for operations. We celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Faculty of Public Health and expect that the DMS will contribute to the further development of the specialty.
Small Rebalanced Portfolios Often Beat the Market over Long Horizons
Authors: Farago Adam , Hjalmarsson Erik 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The distribution of long-run compound returns to portfolio strategies is greatly affected by periodic rebalancing. Over time, buy-and-hold portfolios gradually lose diversification as extreme long-run skewness in individual stock returns leads to increasingly concentrated holdings. For long investment horizons, small rebalanced portfolios holding only a fraction of all stocks therefore achieve better diversification than much larger marketwide buy-and-hold portfolios. Consequently, over long horizons, rebalanced portfolios tend to outperform buy-and-hold portfolios, and risk-averse investors prefer the former. Empirical results strongly support the theoretical predictions and add further evidence to the strong empirical performance of (small) equal-weighted portfolios. (JEL G10, G11)
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Watch What They Do, Not What They Say: Estimating Regulatory Costs from Revealed Preferences
Authors: Alvero Adrien , Ando Sakai , Xiao Kairong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We show that distortion in the size distribution of banks around regulatory thresholds can be used to identify costs of bank regulation. We build a structural model in which banks can strategically bunch their assets below regulatory thresholds to avoid regulations. The resultant distortion in the size distribution of banks reveals the magnitude of regulatory costs. Using U.S. bank data, we estimate the regulatory costs imposed by the Dodd-Frank Act. Although the estimated regulatory costs are substantial, they are significantly lower than banks’ self-reported estimates.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Cumulative disease damage and anti-PM/Scl antibodies are associated with a heavy burden of calcinosis in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Richardson Carrie , Perin Jamie , Zeger Scott , Wigley Fredrick M , Hummers Laura K , Casciola-Rosen Livia , Rosen Antony , Shah Ami A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Ectopic calcification (calcinosis) is a common complication of SSc, but a subset of SSc patients has a heavy burden of calcinosis. We examined whether there are unique risk factors for a heavy burden of calcinosis, as compared with a light burden or no calcinosis.

Methods
We reviewed the medical records of all patients in the Johns Hopkins Scleroderma Center Research Registry with calcinosis to quantify calcinosis burden using pre-specified definitions. We performed latent class analysis to identify SSc phenotypic classes. We used multinomial logistic regression to determine whether latent phenotypic classes and autoantibodies were independent risk factors for calcinosis burden.

Results
Of all patients, 29.4% (997/3388) had calcinosis, and 13.5% (130/963) of those with calcinosis had a heavy burden. The latent phenotypic class with predominantly diffuse skin disease and higher disease severity (characterized by pulmonary hypertension, interstitial lung disease, cardiomyopathy, severe RP, gastrointestinal involvement, renal crisis, myopathy and/or tendon friction rubs) was associated with an increased risk of both a heavy burden [odds ratio (OR) 6.92, 95% CI 3.66, 13.08; P &lt; 0.001] and a light burden (OR 2.88, 95% CI 2.11, 3.95; P &lt; 0.001) of calcinosis compared with the phenotypic class with predominantly limited skin disease. Autoantibodies to PM/Scl were strongly associated with a heavy burden of calcinosis (OR 17.31, 95% CI 7.72, 38.81; P &lt; 0.001) and to a lesser degree a light burden of calcinosis (OR 3.59, 95% CI 1.84, 7.00; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Calcinosis burden is associated with cumulative SSc-related tissue damage. Independent of disease severity, autoantibodies to PM/Scl are also associated with a heavy burden of calcinosis.
Data-driven technology of fault diagnosis in railway point machines: review and challenges
Authors: Hu Xiaoxi , Cao Yuan , Tang Tao , Sun Yongkui 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Safety and reliability are absolutely vital for sophisticated Railway Point Machines (RPMs). Hence, various kinds of sensors and transducers are deployed on RPMs as much as possible to monitor their behaviour for detection of incipient faults and anticipation using data-driven technology. This paper firstly analyses and summarizes six RPMs’ characteristics and then reviews the data-driven algorithms applied to fault diagnosis in RPMs during the past decade. It provides not only the process and evaluation metrics but also the pros and cons of these different methods. Ultimately, regarding the characteristics of RPMs and the existing studies, eight challenging problems and promising research directions are pointed out.
An Evaluation of Seasonal Maternal-Neonatal Morbidity Related to Trainee Cycles
Authors: Oben Ayamo , McGee Paula , Grobman William A. , Bailit Jennifer L. , Wapner Ronald J. , Varner Michael W. , Thorp John M. , Caritis Steve N. , Prasad Mona , Saade George R. , Rouse Dwight J. , Blackwell Sean C. 
Published: December 2022

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2022;4:100583)
The “July phenomenon” is the concept that the arrival of new physicians into clinical practice around July corresponds with the deterioration of patient outcomes. In addition, around this same time frame, those in residency also gain new levels of responsibility that require training.
Navigating Loss of Abortion Services—A Large Academic Medical Center Prepares for the Overturn of Roe v. Wade
Authors: Harris Lisa H. 
Published: December 2022

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2022;386:2061–2064)
As abortion is now intensely politicized in the United States, public discourse obscures its nature as an issue of health and health care. Preparation for the wide impact of criminalized abortion is paramount.
Evaluation of Long-Term Outcomes Associated With Preterm Exposure to Antenatal Corticosteroids: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ninan Kiran , Liyanage Sugee K. , Murphy Kellie E. , Asztalos Elizabeth V. , McDonald Sarah D. 
Published: December 2022

(Abstracted from JAMA Pediatr 2022;176:e220483)
Pregnancies at risk for preterm birth are treated with antenatal corticosteroids, which have been found to lower the morbidity and mortality of preterm babies. Clinical guidelines advocate for the use of antenatal corticosteroids, although studies in animals have found an association between exposure to antenatal corticosteroids and harmful neurological outcomes, including diminished cortical surface, alterations to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, decreased blood flow in specific brain areas, and loss of essential synaptic proteins.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Association Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Coronary Artery Calcification
Authors: Osibogun Olatokunbo , Ogunmoroti Oluseye , Kolade Olamide B. , Hays Allison G. , Okunrintemi Victor , Minhas Anum S. , Gulati Martha , Michos Erin D. 
Published: December 2022

(Abstracted from J Womens Health 2022;31:762–771)
One of the most common endocrine pathologies occurring in women of reproductive age is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The prevalence of PCOS in the general population ranges from 5% to 13%.
Diagnostic Routes and Time Intervals for Ovarian Cancer in Nine International Jurisdictions; Findings From the International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership (ICBP)
Authors: Menon Usha , Weller David , Falborg Alina Zalounina , Jensen Henry , Butler John , Barisic Andriana , Knudsen Anne Kari , Bergin Rebecca J. , Brewster David H. , Cairnduff Victoria , Fourkala Evangelia Ourania , Gavin Anna T. , Grunfeld Eva , Harland Elizabeth , Kalsi Jatinderpal , Law Rebecca-Jane , Lin Yulan , Turner Donna , Neal Richard D. , White Victoria , Harrison Samantha , Reguilon Irene , Lynch Charlotte , Vedsted Peter 
Published: December 2022

(Abstracted from Br J Cancer 2022;127:844–854)
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the gynecological malignancy with the highest mortality, partially attributable to the lack of effective screening for early-stage disease. Despite inadequate screening methods, there exists significant international variation in the proportion diagnosed at late stage and in OC survival across all stages.
Safe Newborn Sleep Practices on a Large Volume Maternity Service
Authors: Stone Gabrielle , Chase Allison , Vidrine Dana C. , Singleton Wendy W. , Kitto Laurel , Laborde Kelly , Harper Jeannie , Sutton Elizabeth F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Reinforcing safe infant sleep conditions in the hospital setting supports continuation of safe sleep practices after hospital discharge and should be considered the first line of defense for reducing risk for sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) at home. The purpose of this study is to determine knowledge of perinatal nurses, nursing assistants, physicians, and ancillary personnel about safe sleep recommendations and implementation of safe sleep practices on the mother–baby unit.

Study Design and Methods:
Nurses and other members of the perinatal health care team in a level III maternity service were invited to participate in a survey about safe sleep knowledge and practices. An audit for safe sleep adherence was conducted on the mother–baby unit for 120 mother–baby couplets over 1 year as a process improvement project.

Results:
N = 144 surveys were completed; most participants (86%) were nurses. They had high levels of knowledge about safe sleep recommendations and 74% reported making at least one safe sleep adjustment during one shift per week. The most common modifications at least once per week were removing baby from a sleeping caregiver (30%) and removing items from baby's bassinet (26%). Safe sleep audit findings revealed 32 out of 120 couplets were not fully following safe sleep recommendations, with most common unsafe sleep practice metrics being items in the baby's bassinet (18%) and bassinets propped up (8%).

Clinical Implications:
During the hospitalization for childbirth, new parents can learn about safe sleep practices from the perinatal health care team. Sharing information and role modeling safe sleep practices can promote continuation of safe sleep practices for the newborn at home after hospital discharge.
Group B Streptococcus and Pregnancy: Critical Concepts and Management Nuances
Authors: Dotters-Katz Sarah K. , Kuller Jeffrey , Heine R. Phillips , Wheeler Sarahn M. 
Published: December 2022

Importance
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a common pathogen with an effective treatment. However, it remains a significant cause of neonatal sepsis, morbidity, and mortality. The screening and management of this infection are some of the first concepts learned during medical training in obstetrics. However, effective screening and evidence-based management of GBS are nuanced with many critical caveats.

Objective
The objectives of this review are to discuss the essential aspects of GBS screening and management and to highlight recent changes to recommendations and guidelines.

Evidence Acquisition
Original research articles, review articles, and guidelines on GBS were reviewed.

Results
The following recommendations are based on review of the evidence and professional society guidelines. Screening for GBS should occur between 36 weeks and the end of the 37th week. The culture swab should go 2 cm into the vagina and 1 cm into the anus. Patients can perform their own swabs as well. Penicillin allergy testing has been shown to be safe in pregnancy. Patients with GBS in the urine should be treated at term with antibiotic prophylaxis, independent of the colony count of the culture. Patients who are GBS-positive with preterm and prelabor rupture of membranes after 34 weeks are not candidates for expectant management, as this population has higher rates of neonatal infectious complications. Patients with a history of GBS colonization in prior pregnancy who are GBS-unknown in this current pregnancy and present with labor should receive intrapartum prophylaxis. Work on the GBS vaccine continues.

Conclusions
Although all of the efforts and focus on neonatal early-onset GBS infection have led to lower rates of disease, GBS still remains a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality requiring continued vigilance from obstetric providers.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning Objectives
After participating in this activity, the provider should be better able to explain updates to GBS screening recommendations; identify indications for the GBS prophylaxis in common antepartum and intrapartum scenarios; and describe the correct method for performing the GBS swab.
Medicaid Expansion and 2-Year Survival in Women With Gynecologic Cancer: A Difference-in-Difference Analysis
Authors: Huepenbecker Sarah P. , Fu Shuangshuang , Sun Charlotte C. , Zhao Hui , Primm Kristin M. , Giordano Sharon H. , Meyer Larissa A. 
Published: December 2022

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022;227:482.e1–482.e15)
In 2014, the Affordable Care Act gave the option for states to expand Medicaid to provide health care coverage to adults with incomes below 138% of the federal poverty level. This expansion was unequally adopted, and multiple studies have demonstrated expansion to be associated with improved insurance coverage, early-stage diagnosis, and timely treatment of women with gynecologic malignancies.