bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competition between orbital effects, Pauli limiting, and Fulde–Ferrell–Larkin–Ovchinnikov states in 2D transition metal dichalcogenide superconductors
Authors: Cho Chang-woo , Ng Cheuk Yin , Wong Chi Ho , Abdel-Hafiez Mahmoud , Vasiliev Alexander N , Chareev Dmitriy A , Lebed A G , Lortz Rolf 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We compare the upper critical field of bulk single-crystalline samples of the two intrinsic transition metal dichalcogenide superconductors, 2H-NbSe2 and 2H-NbS2, in high magnetic fields where their layer structure is aligned strictly parallel and perpendicular to the field, using magnetic torque experiments and a high-precision piezo-rotary positioner. While both superconductors show that orbital effects still have a significant impact when the layer structure is aligned parallel to the field, the upper critical field of NbS2 rises above the Pauli limiting field and forms a Fulde–Ferrell–Larkin–Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state, while orbital effects suppress superconductivity in NbSe2 just below the Pauli limit, which excludes the formation of the FFLO state. From the out-of-plane anisotropies, the coherence length perpendicular to the layers of 31 Å in NbSe2 is much larger than the interlayer distance, leading to a significant orbital effect suppressing superconductivity before the Pauli limit is reached, in contrast to the more 2D NbS2.
Phase-matching quantum key distribution with advantage distillation
Authors: Wang Rui-Qiang , Zhang Chun-Mei , Yin Zhen-Qiang , Li Hong-Wei , Wang Shuang , Chen Wei , Guo Guang-Can , Han Zheng-Fu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Phase-matching quantum key distribution (PM-QKD) provides a promising solution to surpass the fundamental rate–distance bound without quantum repeaters. In this paper, we insert an additional advantage distillation (AD) step after quantum communication to improve the performance of PM-QKD. Simulation results show that, by splitting the raw key into blocks of only a few bits so as to identify highly correlated bit pairs, the AD method can tolerate high system misalignment errors and improve the secret key rate and transmission distance significantly, which is very promising in current PM-QKD systems.
A simulation and analysis framework for CEE-eTOF
Authors: Wang B. , Chen X.L. , Wang Y. , Han D. , Guo B. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This work reports the development status of a software framework for the external Time-Of-Flight wall (eTOF) of the Cooler-storage-ring External-target Experiment (CEE). The framework is implemented on CeeRoot, a FairRoot-based simulation and analysis platform. The chains for eTOF simulation and analysis have been developed and described in this paper. The examination of such a structure is in parallel with the technical design and prototype developments. Simulation has given reasonable evaluations on the coverage, occupancy, rate condition, etc., which validated the system design. The analysis chain has been successfully applied to processing the cosmic test data and has contributed to the validation of the prototype performances. The CEE-eTOF software is a continuously refining framework for practice in real operations.
Fabrication of a bionic asymmetric wettable Cu-doped chitosan-laponite-PCL wound dressing with rapid healing and antibacterial effect
Authors: Liu Zini , Chen Xueqi , Li Chen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Asymmetrical dressings, which are composed of a compact top layer and a porous bottom layer, are commonly used to mimic the characteristics and structure of the epidermis and dermis layers, and overcome the flaws of traditional dressings such as wound dryness and bacterial penetration. Herein, a bio-inspired double-layer asymmetric wettable wound dressing was prepared by low-temperature 3D printing coupled with electrospinning technology. The hydrophobic top layer of poly(caprolactone)(PCL) film produced by electrospinning was used to simulate the compact and air-permeable epidermis. The hydrophilic bottom layer of the dressing, a scaffold composed of chitosan and copper ions doped Laponite (Cu@CS-Lap) was used to kill bacteria and speed up wound healing. Additionally, the composite dressings also showed excellent cytocompatibility and antibacterial properties in vitro experiments. The migratory area of Cu-doped group human umbilical vein endothelial cells increased by about 48.19% compared to the control group, as revealed by the results of the cell scratch experiment. Furthermore, in vivo experiments in rats showed that wound closure at the 0.5Cu@CS5-PCL dressing reached 98.24% after 12 days, indicating the enormous potential of asymmetric double dressings in boosting wound healing.
Multi-tier archetypes to characterise British landscapes, farmland and farming practices
Authors: Goodwin Cecily E D , Bütikofer Luca , Hatfield Jack H , Evans Paul M , Bullock James M , Storkey Jonathan , Mead Andrew , Richter Goetz M , Henrys Peter A , Pywell Richard F , Redhead John W 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Due to rising demand for both food and environmental services, agriculture is increasingly required to deliver multiple outcomes. Characterising differences, across agricultural landscapes, via the identification of broad archetypal groupings, is an important step in exploring spatial patterns in the capacity of land to deliver these potentially competing functions. Creating characterisations at multiple levels, for landscape and farm management, can allow policy-makers and land managers to harmonise delivery of ecosystem services at different intervention scales. This can identify ways to increase the complementarity of public goods and the sustainability of farmed landscapes. We used data-driven machine learning to create landscape and agricultural management archetypes (1 km resolution) at three levels, defined by opportunities for adaptation. Tier 1 archetypes quantify broad differences in soil, land cover and population across Great Britain, which cannot be readily influenced by the actions of land managers; Tier 2 archetypes capture more nuanced variations within farmland-dominated landscapes of Great Britain, over which land managers may have some degree of influence. Tier 3 archetypes are built at national levels for England and Wales and focus on socioeconomic and agro-ecological characteristics within farmland-dominated landscapes, characterising differences in farm management. By using a non-nested hierarchy, we identified which types of management are restricted to certain landscape settings, and which are applicable across multiple landscape contexts. Understanding variation within and between agricultural landscapes and farming practices has implications for planning environmental sustainability and food security. It can also aid understanding of the scale at which interventions could be most effective, from incentivising changes in farmer behaviour to policy drivers of large-scale land use change.
Orbital angular momentum optical communications enhanced by artificial intelligence
Authors: Li Baoli , Luan Haitao , Li Keyao , Chen Qinyu , Meng Weijia , Cheng Ke , Gu Min , Fang Xinyuan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Angular momentum of light can be divided into spin angular momentum and orbital angular momentum (OAM). Due to the theoretically unlimited orthogonal states, the physical dimension of OAM provides a potential solution to boost the information capacity. The OAM multiplexing and modulation techniques have been implemented to meet the continuous growth of bandwidth requirements, resulting in the concept of OAM optical communication. However, the performances of the traditional optical OAM detection techniques degrade seriously in the practical application of OAM optical communications. Thanks to the powerful data analysis advantages, the cutting-edge machine learning (ML) algorithms have been widely used in the field of image processing, laying the technical foundation for OAM recognition. This paper reviews the recent advances on OAM optical communications that are enhanced by ML methods. More than the traditional OAM detection methods, the OAM demodulation methods based on multiple network architectures, including the support vector machine, self-organizing map, feed-forward neural network, convolutional neural network, and diffractive deep optical neural network (D2NN), have been summarized. We also discuss the development of the spiking neural network and on-chip D2NN, opening a possible way to facilitate the future ultra-low power and ultra-fast OAM demodulation technology.
Impacts of climate change on winter wheat and summer maize dual-cropping system in the North China Plain
Authors: Li Jiadi , Lei Huimin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Climate change exacerbates the frequency of agricultural-relevant climate extremes, which could threaten crop growth and food production. The North China Plain (NCP), as one of the most important food production bases in China, is dominated by winter wheat and summer maize. The response of this dual-cropping system to climate change has not been thoroughly evaluated. In this study, the remote sensing normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used to extract the dynamic phenology of winter wheat and summer maize and characterize crop growth status. The meteorological data from 1982 to 2015 were used to examine the mean climate factors and four typical climate extremes (including heat stress, spring frost, meteorological drought, and extreme wet events) associated with phenology shifts. Then, the effects of climate changes on winter wheat and summer maize growth were explored by a panel regression model. In the NCP during 1982–2015, the winter wheat growth exhibited no significant sensitivity to the four climate extremes, and only extreme wet event exerted a significant impact on summer maize growth. The insensitivity of crop growth to climate extremes may benefit from widespread irrigation, improved cultivars and agricultural management (e.g., topdressing and insect pests control). In addition, over the last 34 years, mean climate conditions, especially average temperature, solar radiation and vapor pressure deficit, generally made more contributions to the variations of wheat and maize growth than climate extremes, indicating that mean climate conditions dominated crop growth changes in the NCP. Our findings highlight the possible effects of climate change on crop growth of regional dual-cropping system and provide a critical foundation for future effective measures to ensure regional food production.
Advances in visual prostheses: engineering and biological challenges
Authors: Borda Eleonora , Ghezzi Diego 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Vision is an extraordinary sense through which we can appreciate the beauty of the world we live in, gain invaluable knowledge and communicate with others using visual expression and arts. On the contrary, blindness is a threatening medical condition disrupting the life of affected people and their families. Therefore, restoring sight is one of the open challenges of our society. Today, the synergistic convergence of science and technology holds the potential to provide blind patients with artificial vision using visual prostheses: a type of implantable medical device able to reactivate visual neurons using electrical stimulation. Although clinical trials showed that vision restoration is still far away, significant technological advances make visual prostheses a valuable solution for blind patients. This review is not only a description of the state-of-the-art. Instead, it provides the reader with an update on recent developments, a critical discussion of the open challenges, and an overview of promising future directions.
Pitting corrosion studies on functionally graded Inconel 825-SS316L wall manufactured by wire arc additive manufacturing
Authors: Senthil T S , Puviyarasan M , Ramesh Babu S , Ram Prabhu T 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This research article addresses the pitting corrosion resistance of FGM walls fabricated by the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). The wall is created by layer-by-layer transfer of molten metal in an uninterrupted manner with little heat input using the CMT process. Pitting corrosion tests were carried out as per the ASTM G48-11 standard on the specimens extracted from Inconel 825, FGM interfaces, and SS316L regions of the wall. The specimens were immersed in the ferric chloride hexahydrate solution for 24, 48, and 72 h. It was found that the FGM interface and the specimens made of Inconel 825 were more resistant to corrosion than the SS316L specimens. The weight loss is measured as 0.462 g, 0.1087 g, and 0.1349 g for the SS316L, FGM interface, and Inconel 825 specimens, respectively. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) were used to analyze the corrosion products at the corrosion pit. The order of the pitting corrosion resistance of the specimens extracted from the FGM wall was: FGM interface > Inconel 825 > SS316L.
CProtMEDIAS: clustering of amino acid sequences encoded by gene families by MErging and DIgitizing Aligned Sequences
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Zhu Miaomiao , Xie Qi , Larkin Robert M , Shi Xueping , Zheng Bo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Protein phylogenetic analysis focuses on the evolutionary relationships among related protein sequences and can help researchers infer protein functions and developmental trajectories. With the advent of the big data era, the existing protein phylogenetic methods, including distance matrix and character-based methods, are facing challenges in both running time and application scope. Here, we developed an R package that we call CProtMEDIAS that is useful for protein phylogenetic analysis. In contrast to existing phylogenetic analysis methods, CProtMEDIAS utilizes dimensionality reduction algorithms to digitize multiple sequence alignments and quickly conduct phylogenetic analysis with a large number of amino acid sequences from similarly distant protein families and species. We used CProtMEDIAS to perform a dimensionality reduction, clustering, pseudotime, specific residue and evolutionary trajectory analysis of the plant homeobox superfamily. We found that CProtMEDIAS delivers consistent clustering, fast running and elegant presentation and thus provides powerful new tools and methods for protein clustering and evolutionary analysis.
Experimental performance analysis of an installed microgrid-based PV/battery/EV grid-connected system
Authors: Haffaf Aziz , Lakdja Fatiha , Ould Abdeslam Djaffar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Global energy demand, which is largely based on fossil fuels, is expected to increase rapidly. An effort must be made to mitigate carbon emissions and climate change to ensure sustainable and clean development. In recent years, the increasing share of renewable energy and energy-storage systems, the development of electric vehicles (EVs), promotion of energy efficiency and demand-side management (DSM) have become today’s solution technologies. The microgrid (MG), which involves the interconnection of several generation and storage units capable of operating locally with or without connection to the power grid, is also a very useful emerging technology. This study allowed the experimental operation and performance analysis of a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV)/battery/EV MG hybrid system, which was used for maximizing PV self-consumption and DSM objectives. The entire MG consisting of two subsystems (polycrystalline PV array of 2.16 kWp for Subsystem 1, monocrystalline PV system of 2.4 kWp for Subsystem 2, EV with lithium-ion battery capacity of 6.1 kWh) was installed under outdoor conditions at the University Institute of Technology in Mulhouse, France in August 2018. The operation and behaviour of the system components, including the inverter, batteries and power grid, were analysed in both scenarios with and without EV connection. The results shows that the total cumulative energy injected into the grid during the entire system operating cycle is estimated to be 3466.82 and 5836.58 kWh for Subsystems 1 and 2, respectively. In addition, the energy produced by Subsystem 2 during its lifetime and the emissions emitted are respectively estimated at 5597.65 kWh and 4.17 tons. The other results in terms of PV output power, energy yield, feed-in power and self-consumed energy were quantified and analysed in detail.
Role of the amygdala in disrupted integration and effective connectivity of cortico-subcortical networks in apathy
Authors: Zeng Ningning , Aleman André , Liao Chong , Fang Huihua , Xu Pengfei , Luo Yuejia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundApathy is a quantitative reduction in motivation and goal-directed behaviors, not only observed in neuropsychiatric disorders, but also present in healthy populations. Although brain abnormalities associated with apathy in clinical disorders have been studied, the organization of brain networks in healthy individuals has yet to be identified.MethodWe examined properties of intrinsic brain networks in healthy individuals with varied levels of apathy. By using functional magnetic resonance imaging in combination with graph theory analysis and dynamic causal modeling analysis, we tested communications among nodes and modules as well as effective connectivity among brain networks.ResultsWe found that the average participation coefficient of the subcortical network, especially the amygdala, was lower in individuals with high than low apathy. Importantly, we observed weaker effective connectivity fromthe hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus to the amygdala, and from the amygdala to the parahippocampal gyrus and medial frontal cortex in individuals with apathy.ConclusionThese findings suggest that individuals with high apathy exhibit aberrant communication within the cortical-to-subcortical network, characterized by differences in amygdala-related effective connectivity. Our work sheds light on the neural basis of apathy in subclinical populations and may have implications for understanding the development of clinical conditions that feature apathy.
Biological constraints on stereotaxic targeting of functionally-defined cortical areas
Authors: Narayanan Divya P , Tsukano Hiroaki , Kline Amber M , Onodera Koun , Kato Hiroyuki K 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnderstanding computational principles in hierarchically organized sensory systems requires functional parcellation of brain structures and their precise targeting for manipulations. Although brain atlases are widely used to infer area locations in the mouse neocortex, it has been unclear whether stereotaxic coordinates based on standardized brain morphology accurately represent functional domains in individual animals. Here, we used intrinsic signal imaging to evaluate the accuracy of area delineation in the atlas by mapping functionally-identified auditory cortices onto bregma-based stereotaxic coordinates. We found that auditory cortices in the brain atlas correlated poorly with the true complexity of functional area boundaries. Inter-animal variability in functional area locations predicted surprisingly high error rates in stereotaxic targeting with atlas coordinates. This variability was not simply attributed to brain sizes or suture irregularities but instead reflected differences in cortical geography across animals. Our data thus indicate that functional mapping in individual animals is essential for dissecting cortical area-specific roles with high precision.
Green, Validated HPLC Method Coupled With Fluorescence Detection for the Analysis of Tafluprost in its Pure Form and Ophthalmic Formulation: Application to Aqueous Humor and Content Uniformity Testing
Authors: Abd-AlGhafar Walaa Nabil , Aly Fatma Ahmed , Sheribah Zeinab Awad , Saad Samar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A green, simple and sensitive HPLC method coupled with fluorescence detection was implemented for the quantitative determination of the anti-glaucoma drug tafluprost (TFL). Liquid chromatography was performed on HyperClone™ ODS (C18) column of dimensions; 150 × 4.6 mm i.d. and 5 μm particle size using a green eluent; ethanol:0.01 M phosphate buffer (60:40 v/v, pH 4.5) delivered at 1 mL min−1. Fluorescence detection was accomplished at 220 nm (excitation) and 292 nm (emission). Bimatoprost (BIM) was used as an internal standard (I.S.). In this method, TFL was eluted after 6.70 minutes. The method satisfied International Council for Harmonization (ICH) validation guidelines, as proved by good linearity (r = 0.9999, over the range 0.05–2 μg mL−1), accuracy (recovery average 100.13 ± 1.27%), precision, robustness and specificity. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 0.016 and 0.048 μg mL−1, respectively. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the estimation of TFL in eye drops and aqueous humor. For the first time, the approach was applied with acceptable results for the evaluation of the uniformity of TFL eye drops content. Furthermore, Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and analytical Eco-scale were used to prove that the proposed HPLC method is environmentally friendly.
Resistance to Spinetoram Affects Host Adaptability of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Based on Detoxifying Enzyme Activities and an Age-Stage-Two-Sex Life Table
Authors: Li Dingyin , Zhi Junrui , Yue Wenbo , Zhang Tao , Liu Li 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The western flower thrip (WFT) Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) is a serious agricultural pest with a wide host range which has developed resistance to several groups of insecticides. In this study, the effect of insecticide resistance on WFT host adaptability was explored by examining changes in detoxification enzyme activities and thrip development, and reproduction on preferred and less preferred host plants, eggplant Solanum melongena L. and broad bean Vicia faba L., respectively. Thrips were screened with spinetoram on kidney bean for six generations. Activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), mixed function oxidases (MFOs), and cytochrome P450 enzyme (P450) in a resistant strain (RS) reared on broad bean were significantly higher than those in a sensitive strain (SS), and only carboxylesterase (CarE) increased in the RS when reared on eggplant, compared with the SS. Activities of the four detoxification enzymes in the RS reared on broad bean were significantly higher than in those reared-on eggplant. On broad bean, RS adult longevity was lower and developmental duration of offspring was shorter than those of the SS, but fecundity increased. On eggplant, RS fecundity was lower and developmental duration of offspring was shorter than those of the SS. In addition, fecundity was higher and developmental duration was longer in the RS reared on broad bean than in those reared-on eggplant. The results indicated that spinetoram resistance could change WFT host preference and that those changes might be associated with detoxification enzyme activities. Thus, it was hypothesized that adaptability of the RS to the less preferred host broad bean increased, whereas adaptability to the preferred host eggplant decreased.