bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les conséquences de la politique monétaire non conventionnelle de la Fed sur les pays émergents
Authors: Viaud François 
Published: May 2022

La mise en place du Quantitative Easing (QE) aux États-Unis fin 2008 a soulevé beau-coup de questions quant à son efficacité et à ses externalités. La littérature a évoqué des hétérogénéités dans les effets de cette politique. L’objectif de cet article est d’en révéler les causes et les implications nationales et internationales. Ce travail établit que les effets nationaux du QE de la Fed dépendent des titres acquis ; les effets de report sur les pays émergents sont vérifiés, mais hétérogènes quant aux dimensions temporelle et spatiale et le type de marché financier considéré.
Les francs CFA sont-ils à leur niveau d’équilibre ?
Authors: Plane Patrick , da Piedade Camille 
Published: May 2022

En Zone franc, la parité fixe des francs CFA fait de nouveau débat alors que l’éco, une monnaie de substitution, est annoncée en UEMOA. On s’interroge sur les mésalignements possibles du taux de change dans chacune des deux unions monétaires qui composent cet espace institutionnel de coopération (UEMOA, CEMAC). Le diagnostic est établi par référence à deux théories et un panel de 99 pays couvrant la période 1990-2016 : le taux de change de PPA ajusté de l’effet productivité et le taux de change d’équilibre comportemental (BEER). Ces deux critères donnent des résultats assez différents sur les unions entre les pays membres et sous-périodes considérées. Les résultats sont robustes aussi bien à la définition de la mesure de la productivité qu’à la taille de l’échantillon. Globalement, la fin de période ne suggère pas de mésalignements qui pourraient justifier un changement de parité avec cependant des hétérogénéités nationales.
A clinical and microbiological study to assess the efficacy of Acmella oleracea and Acacia catechu herbs as local drug delivery in treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis patients
Authors: Verma Kanika , Dhruvakumar Deepa , Pande Milind 
Published: May 2022

Aim:
A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of local drug delivery (LDD) of Acmella oleracea (Akarkara) and Acacia catechu (kattha) gels as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in generalized chronic periodontitis patients.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty patients with ninety sites aged 25–65 years with generalized chronic periodontitis having pocket probing depth (PPD) of more than or equal to 5 mm on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. They were treated according to split-mouth design protocol. The placement of gel containing A. oleracea (1%) (Group 1) and A. catechu (1%) (Group 2) as LDD was placed at the two test sites, respectively, and only SRP was done in the control group (Group 3). Periodontal dressing was applied to all the three sites after procedure, and patients were given oral care guidelines. Evaluation of clinical parameters gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), PPD, clinical attachment level (CAL), and relative attachment level (RAL) was done at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months, and microbiological parameter was assessed at baseline and 6 months. N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-napthylamide (BANA) test was used for the microbiological analysis.

Results:
Clinical parameters from baseline to 6 months at different time intervals demonstrated a significant reduction in mean GI, PI, GBI, and PPD and gain in CAL and RAL over a period of 6 months, and results were statistically significant in all the three treatment groups. However, on intergroup comparison, clinically significant difference was observed, but statistically, results were significant at few intervals. The microbiological analysis revealed a statistically nonsignificant reduction at the end of 6 months on intra- and intergroup comparison.

Conclusion:
The study concluded that the use of A. catechu gel and A. oleracea gel clinically showed improvement in clinical parameters when combined with SRP, attributing to better anti-inflammatory and healing properties.
Development of descriptive mathematical models for different domains of gingival recession using multiple linear regression analysis
Authors: Grover Vishakha , Mahajan Shifali , Kaur Gurjeet , Jain Ashish 
Published: May 2022

Context:
Gingival recession (GR) is a common finding seen in the periodontics clinic. It has a significant functional and esthetic impact on the patient's dentition and quality of life.

Aims:
The current study aimed to develop the descriptive mathematical models for different domains of GR based on the data obtained from the North Indian population.

Settings and Design:
Cross-sectional observational study.

Materials and Methods:
Consecutive 130 participants were enrolled between June and August 2019. Complete case history and thorough oral examination were carried out including assessment of periodontal variables, for example, pocket depth (PD), gingival marginal level, clinical attachment level (CAL), simplified oral hygiene index, and gingival index. Prediction models for different domains of GR, namely Miller's class, severity, extent, and distribution of recession were made, and further, the best-fitted model on the basis of “coefficient of determination (R
2)” was analyzed.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Multiple linear regression.

Results:
Nine factors, i.e., mean CAL, mean PD, tooth mobility, abrasion, width of attached gingiva, number of teeth present, age, type of brush, and socioeconomic status showed a significant association with different domains of the GR. In addition, a high degree of overlap was observed among factors associated with different domains of the GR.

Conclusion:
Diverse clinical (mean CAL, mean PD, tooth mobility, and abrasion), biological (width of attached gingiva, number of teeth present, and age), and environmental factors (type of brush and socioeconomic status) were found to have a significant association with the occurrence of GR in the North Indian population. Owing to the multifactorial etiology of GR, the identification of susceptible patients based on the presence of risk factors is an essential step in developing action plans for the prevention of the disease.
Comparative evaluation of the levels of nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein (NLRP) 3 in saliva of subjects with chronic periodontitis and healthy controls
Authors: Mitra Dipika Kalyan , Chavan Rishi Ramakant , Prithyani Saurabh Suresh , Kandawalla Shazneen Adil , Shah Rohit Ajay , Rodrigues Silvia Victor 
Published: May 2022

Context:
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease which is ubiquitous. When there is an onset of infection, the innate immunity gets activated followed by the adaptive immune system. Inflammasomes identify the pathogen-associated molecular patterns or danger-associated molecular patterns and initiate inflammation. Nod- like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP 3) is a protein belonging to the intracellular innate immune sensors that act against bacteria. The inflammasome acts along with the toll-like receptor pathways to initiate an action against pathogens. NLRP3 (also known as PYPAF-1 or cryopyrin) acts via apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC).

Aims:
The study aimed at finding out the relation between levels of NLRP3 in chronic periodontitis and healthy subjects via the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Settings and Design:
This was a Cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods:
Clinical examination and saliva sampling of the study population was done. Reagents were prepared and NLRP3 levels were estimated using ELISA analysis.

Statistical Analysis:
Intergroup comparison was initiated using the unpaired t-test and for within the group (intragroup), the two-way analysis of variance was used. The Pearson correlation coefficient helped to determine the strength of linear association.

Results:
Increased levels of NLRP3 were seen in subjects suffering from chronic periodontitis. NLRP3 was also seen to be positively correlated to probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, gingival index, and plaque index.

Conclusions:
A positive correlation exists between NLRP3 and chronic periodontitis, and hence, NLRP3 can be a potential biomarker.
Comparative evaluation of locally delivered probiotic paste and chlorhexidine gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in treating chronic periodontitis
Authors: Vishnusripriya Jeevanandam , Melath Anil , Feroz Mohammed , Subair Kayakool , Chandran Nanditha 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
The etiological factors of periodontal diseases are the habitation of dysbiotic bacteria, absence of beneficial bacteria, and susceptibility of the host. Irresolute pattern in the periodontal diseases pathogenesis leads to the evolution of novel antimicrobial therapy.

Objective:
The objective of the study is to assess and compare the competency of locally delivered probiotic paste with chlorhexidine gel as a supplement to scaling and root planing (SRP) in chronic periodontitis patients.

Materials and Methods:
A split-mouth randomized controlled trial was designed on 10 systemically healthy participants having chronic periodontitis at three distinct quadrants with 5–6-mm pocket depth. The sites in each participant were randomly selected for Group A (negative control), Group B (positive control), and Group C (test). In Group A, only SRP, Group B – SRP + chlorhexidine local drug delivery (LDD), Group C – SRP + probiotic LDD were done, respectively. Gingival index (GI) and bleeding index (BI) were determined at baseline, 3rd, 6th, and 9th weeks, whereas probing pocket depth (PPD), Russell's periodontal index, and clinical attachment level were checked at baseline and after 9 weeks.

Results:
It shows a significant reduction in GI, BI, PPD, and gain of CAL in probiotic LDD group.

Conclusion:
Nowadays, since microbes are rapidly developing resistance to antibiotics, the development of probiotics is a boon for the treatment of periodontal diseases. Diseases of the periodontium are not restricted to the oral cavity alone but also have strong systemic effects. Hence, probiotics give a natural and promising choice of therapy to establish both good oral and systemic health.
Gender-based evaluation of positional variations of gingival papilla and its proportions
Authors: Kolte Rajashri Abhay , Kolte Abhay Pandurang , Ikhar Aishwarya Sukhdeo 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The proportionate presence of natural teeth, gingival tissues along with the interdental papilla (IDP) is critical components of an esthetic smile. Hence, the present study examined the IDP height (PH), its position clinically and radiographically as papilla proportion (PP) and crestal PP (CPP).

Materials and Methods:
The study included 120 patients with healthy periodontium with an age group of 20–40 years, equally divided as males and females. The maxillary anterior interdental sites from canine to contralateral canine were examined for PH, PP, crestal PH (CPH), and CPP.

Results:
The mean values of PH, PP, CPH, and CPP were found to be greater on the mesial aspects of all the teeth as compared to the distal aspects. The females exhibited overall higher values than males for all the parameters. Majority of the teeth exhibited statistically significant differences for PP on mesial aspect when compared based on gender with mean values of 44.58% ±3.35% (males) and 47.17% ±3.23% (females) (P < 0.0001) for central incisor (CI). The CPP on mesial aspect for CI was 50.57% ±3.51% (males) and 54.21% ±3.76% (females) with P < 0.0001. A similar trend was followed in other teeth.

Conclusion:
The maxillary anterior teeth exhibit greater values on mesial aspects for parameters such as PH, PP, and CPP in both the gender thereby indicating an apical positioning of the IDP tip on distal aspect when compared to mesial. Furthermore, the values and differences were more pronounced in females than the males.
Improvement in Quality of Life of Postmenopausal Women with Depression with commonly used Antidepressants (Escitalopram vs. Desvenlafaxine)
Authors: Mahajan Sonia Shinde , Arora Manu , Tandon Vishal R. , Mahajan Annil , Kotwal Suman 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
The postmenopausal symptoms affect the quality of life (QoL) of women. Depression and anxiety too have been associated with diminished QoL. It is known that antidepressants escitalopram and desvenlafaxine are effective in the treatment of depression and anxiety. However, to the best of our knowledge, their comparative effect on the QoL of postmenopausal women with depression and anxiety has not been studied in the Indian setup.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was a randomized, intention to treat, open-label trial undertaken in North India's a tertiary care teaching hospital. Postmenopausal women attending the psychiatry outpatient department and newly diagnosed with depression and anxiety were randomized in two groups to receive Tab. Escitalopram 10–20 mg and Tab. Desvenlafaxine 50–100 mg. Their QoL was assessed using the WHOQOL BREF scale at baseline, 3 weeks and 6 weeks.

Results:
Escitalopram was observed to be statistically better than desvenlafaxine in improving the overall QoL score of the WHOQOL-BREF scale. Individually, escitalopram significantly improved the scores of the physical health domain, psychological and environmental domains except for the social relationship domain. Desvenlafaxine significantly improved scores of all four domains.

Conclusion:
Escitalopram was observed to be significantly better than desvenlafaxine in improving the overall QoL scores. Both the drugs were well tolerated.
Development and validation of comprehensive evaluation tool for weight management at menopausal transition and early menopause stage
Authors: Kumari Archana , Chopra Sakshi , Ranjan Piyush , Verma Aditi , Malhotra Anita , Upadhyay Ashish Datt , Sharma K. Aparna , Vikram Naval K 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
To develop and validate a comprehensive questionnaire to evaluate risk factors, perceptions, and practices for weight management in women at menopausal transition and early menopause stage.

Methodology:
A mixed-method study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the questionnaire was developed by literature review and focused group discussions with the target population and experts. In the second phase, content and face validity were established by expert evaluation and cognitive interviews with the target population. The developed questionnaire was crosssectionally administered in 215 women and responses were used to determine the construct validity by factor analysis and reliability by evaluating internal consistency.

Results:
The finalized questionnaire consisted of two sections; section A included sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measures, and menopausal status with symptom severity, while section B contained 32-items focusing on readiness to initiate weight loss, perceptions and practices related to lifestyle behaviors, built environment, and social support. The Cronbach's α value of the questionnaire is 0.79 with good internal consistency.

Conclusion:
The developed questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool to assess weight-related risk factors, perceptions, and practices in middle-aged women, which can potentially be used by doctors and other healthcare practitioners to customize weight management advice in women at menopausal transition and early menopause.
A Randomized Comparative Study to Compare Karman's Cannula and Pipelle Biopsy for Evaluation of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Authors: Gupta Meeta , Gupta Puneeta , Yadav Poonam 
Published: May 2022

Objectives:
This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy, inadequate sampling, pain during the procedure (Visual Analog Scale [VAS] score), and ease of insertion of the Karman's cannula and Pipelle biopsy for patients with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB).

Methods:
This prospective observational randomized comparative study included women of age more than 40 years with complaints of AUB. Two hundred and fifty women were randomly divided into two groups: (1) Group A (n = 125) who underwent endometrial aspiration using Karman's cannula and (2) Group B (n = 125) who underwent Pipelle endometrial sampling. Both the groups were followed by conventional dilation and curettage (D and C) which was considered the gold standard. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for differentiating benign and malignant conditions of endometrium were calculated.

Results:
Group B had a sensitivity of 89.29% followed by Group A (86.36%); on the other hand, Group A had a specificity of 96.08% followed by Group B (95.74%) (P > 0.05). Inadequacy was comparable among the two groups with 1 inadequate in Group A and 3 inadequate in Group B. Mean VAS score was significantly lesser in Group A than Group B (4.5 ± 2 vs. 5.8 ± 2.1, P < 0.0001). Ease of insertion was similar in Groups A and B (P = 0.345).

Conclusion:
Both procedures were equivalent in diagnostic accuracy, inadequacy, and ease of insertion. However, the use of Karman cannula resulted in less pain and is a much cheaper option in comparison to Pipelle. Overall, either procedure can be performed on an outpatient basis without cervical dilation and anesthesia and thus may be routinely used for women presenting with AUB.
Comparison of Effectiveness of Home-Based Verses Supervised Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise in Women with Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Mishra Daxa G. , Vaishnav Smruti Bhalendu , Phatak Ajay Gajanan 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Urinary incontinence (UI) is a significant health problem with serious physical, psychological, and social consequences. Pelvic floor muscle exercise (PFME) is proven efficacious in the prevention and management of UI. A lack of trained physiotherapist in rural areas mars the uptake of physiotherapy and therefore innovative mechanisms are required. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of home-based physiotherapy in the management of UI.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 49 women, who screened positive for UI from a larger study conducted in 4 randomly selected villages of Charutar region, were included in the study. They were assigned home-based or supervised regimens randomly. All participants received education about UI and its management. A structured PFME schedule was developed. Participants in the supervised group received PFME by a trained physiotherapist, while those in the home-based group received training on exercise. Details of each session were documented through a daily diary in both groups. Revised urinary incontinence scale (RUIS) and incontinence impact questionnaire (IIQ-7) were administered at baseline and after 6 months to assess and compare the impact across groups.

Results:
Analysis of variance (with post hoc comparisons) was employed to compare the effect of physiotherapy across groups. Only 18 (10 supervised and 8 home-based group) out of 49 women participated. Another 10 provided the required data, albeit had not done any exercises. The mean standard deviation of RUIS (P = 0.84) and IIQ-7 (P = 0.55) scores was similar at baseline across the groups. The RUIS (P = 0.01) and IIQ-7 (P = 0.006) improved significantly; however, post hoc analysis revealed that both RUIS and IIQ-7 improved significantly only in the supervised group.

Conclusion:
Supervised exercise worked better, whereas home-based exercise failed to achieve the desired impact. Identifying barriers in home-based exercise and finding feasible solutions would prove a breakthrough in the management of UI in resource-limited settings.
RBC Indices and Morphological Pattern of Anemia in Geriatric Population: A Cross-sectional Study in Eastern India
Authors: Talukdar Manas , Samaddar Aparajita , Lahiri Subhayan 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Geriatric anemia is one of the neglected and undiagnosed health problems throughout the world leading to increased morbidity and mortality among this vulnerable age group. Anemia in elderly is often an indicator of an underlying co-morbid condition. Morphological pattern of anemia may reflect the underlying etiology and thus directs the appropriate way to management of the condition.

Aims:
To evaluate the severity and morphological pattern of anemia in geriatric age groups.

Materials and Methods:
Elderly individuals aged 60 years or older of either sex with Hb level <12 gm/dl in women and <13 gm/dl in males were included in this study as geriatric anemic population. Blood samples were analyzed for Hb, hematocrit (Hct), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and Red cell distribution width (RDW-CV). Anemia was graded as mild, moderate and severe according to WHO criteria. Morphological classification was done based on RBC indices and peripheral blood smear examination. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software.

Results:
Total 277 geriatric anemic subjects were included in this study. Female to male ratio was 1.9:1. Most of the participants (60.29%) were in the age group of 60-69 years. Majority had mild anemia (48.02%). Normocytic-normochromic was the most predominant morphological subtype (74.73%). Mean Hb, MCH and MCHC were found to be significantly lower in geriatric females compared to males (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Normocytic-normochromic anemia of mild degree was the most common type of anemia among geriatric population. Evaluation of morphological pattern of anemia may help in appropriate management of underlying condition.
A Clinical Study of Resections in Oral Cavity Carcinomas
Authors: Parasnis Amit , Athavale Virendra S. , Athavale Prachi , Kumar Benod , Gutta Omkar 
Published: May 2022

Background and Aims:
Oral carcinoma is one of most common cancers reported globally of which most arise in developing countries such as India. In our study, the presentation of disease in oral cavity, types of resection with closure and clinical with histopathological correlation has been described.

Methods:
Prospective study done in Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Pimpri, Pune, under General Surgery Department. Carcinomas of the oral cavity operated from July 2012 to September 2014 were included. Diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy/fine-needle aspiration cytology. Patients were subjected to appropriate surgeries, which were performed by the same surgeon and the histopathological specimens had been evaluated by the same pathologist.

Results:
Of the 50 patients in our study, age of the patients varied from 32 years to 91 years with highest number of patients were found in the age group of 41–50 years, with 32 (64%) patients were male accounting for male preponderance. Composite resections for the primary were done in 72% and wide local excisions in 28%. A total of 5 radical neck dissection, 40 MRND 10 Supraomohyoid neck dissection were performed according to the stage of the neck and their reconstruction.

Conclusion:
Oral cavity carcinomas are one of the most commonly occurring malignancies in India and most of them are detected in the low socioeconomic strata of the society. Although the distribution of primary site was varied, it was possible to achieve some uniformity in the treatment of these patients on the background of diversity in clinical presentation.