bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P03-03 The impact of regular physical education, physical activity and sport provision in second level schools on adolescent physical activity behaviours: A systematic literature review
Authors: Rocliffe Padraic , Walsh Liam , MacDonncha Ciaran , Mannix-McNamara Patricia , O' Keeffe Brendan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Regular engagement in physical activity (PA) is cited as a powerful predicter of future health among adolescents. International guidelines recommend sixty-minutes of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA daily for adolescents. Prevalence of physical inactivity is high among adolescents and is regarded as a leading risk factor for death worldwide, contributing to the onset of non-communicable diseases with just 20% of adolescents meeting the recommended PA guidelines. Physical inactivity cost $67.5 billion worldwide in 2013 and is estimated to reach over? 110 billion in 2030. Physical Education (PE) is recognized as playing an integral role in the promotion of PA and health. Despite the worldwide adoption of school PE, PA and sport policies to promote PA and health, paralleled with significant investment, a gap in the literature exists that synthesises the impact of school PE, PA and sport on adolescent PA behaviours

Methods
Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PsychINFO, ERIC and MEDLINE were searched for articles that examined the impact of regular school PE, PA and sport provision on adolescent (12-18 years) published between 2000-2020.

Results
Preliminary results indicate n = 39 articles have met the inclusion criteria. Gender differences are observed on the impact of PE on daily Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) and overall daily PA. Studies that examined the impact of PE, PA and sport on adolescent PA behaviours outside of school are less frequent indicating a paucity of evidence in this research area.

Conclusion
Such research is essential to synthesise a deeper understanding on whether current provision is impactful and/or requiring modification and thus will provide comprehensive evidence for 1) sustained financial investment; 2) modification of existing provision to potentiate positive impact and 3) reducing the international cost of physical inactivity. The central premise of this systematic literature review is that current provision is impactful and of enormous benefit.
P03-04 Perceived and objective indicators of neighbourhood safety and physical activity in early adolescence: a national cohort study
Authors: Constable Fernandez Charlotte , Patalay Praveetha , Maddock Jane , Vaughan Laura 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
The health benefits of regular physical activity in adolescence are well-documented. Currently, young people in the UK are not achieving recommended levels of physical activity. The neighbourhood environment is a key setting for physical activity in adolescence. Due to lack of financial independence and mobility restrictions, adolescents spend a significant amount of time in their neighbourhood. Feeling unsafe in their neighbourhood may be a potential barrier to physical activity.
This study aims to examine associations between objective and subjective measures of neighbourhood safety and physical activity.

Methods
Participants (n = 11,726) came from the Millennium Cohort Study; a nationally representative UK longitudinal birth cohort. At age 11 perceived neighbourhood safety was assessed via questionnaire and the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) crime domain was linked to participant postcode data. At age 14, participants self-reported physical activity and a subsample (n = 4,813) also wore GENEActiv wrist-worn activity monitors for one weekday and one weekend day. Associations between perceived safety, IMD crime and self-reported physical activity were quantified using linear regression models. Zero Inflated Poisson (ZIP) models were used to examine associations with accelerometer-measured physical activity. We adjusted for parental education, family income, ethnicity and season of accelerometer wear. An interaction term for sex was tested to assess whether associations between perceived safety and physical activity differed by sex. Models were also stratified by sex.

Results
Feeling not safe compared to very safe was associated with 0.28 (95% CI -0.50, -0.06) fewer days of self-reported physical activity. However, no association was seen between perceived safety and accelerometer physical activity. Those living in the highest IMD crime areas reported on average 0.31 (95% CI -0.47, -0.15) fewer days of physical activity compared to those living in the lowest crime areas. Individuals living in the highest IMD crime areas achieved 5.56 fewer minutes of daily accelerometer-measured exercise than those in least crime areas.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates consistent associations between perceived safety and objective crime with physical activity levels in adolescence.
P03-06 Longitudinal associations among cardiorespiratory fitness and objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity of Finnish schoolchildren
Authors: Jaakkola Timo , Huhtiniemi Mikko , Salin Kasper 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Children and adolescents' engagement in physical activity has decreased in most Western countries across the previous three decades. Therefore, increasing number of researchers are investigating antecedents of physical activity engagement in childhood and adolescence. This longitudinal study investigated if cardiorespiratory fitness measured at Grade 5 explained objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at grade 7.

Methods
The sample of the study included 169 (62 boys and 107 girls, Mage = 11.27, SD = .32 at the beginning of the study) Finnish PE students. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured by 20 meters shuttle run test and MVPA by Actigraph wGT3X+ accelerometers. Sex, BMI and MVPA score at Grade 5 were used as covariates in the analysis. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted as follows: (a) sex, BMI and MVPA score at Grade 5 were set as covariates on the first step of the analysis; (b) cardiorespiratory fitness measured at Grade 5 was set as independent variable on the second step of the analysis; c) MVPA measured at Grade 7 was set as dependent variable on the third step of the analysis.

Results
Regression analysis demonstrated that sex, BMI and MVPA at Grade 5 were significant variables (R2 = 0.235; F = 16.925; p = 0.000) predicting variance in MVPA score at Grade 7. More specifically, results indicated that BMI (β = 0.161; P &lt; 0.026) and MVPA at Grade 5 (β = 0.397; P &lt; 0.000) were significant predictors of MVPA score at Grade 7, whereas sex (β = 0.023; P &lt; 0.738) was not. Subsequently, cardiorespiratory fitness measured at Grade 5 improved predictive strength of the model for MVPA at Grade 7 (R2 = 0.284; R2 change = 0.049; F = 16.250; P &lt; 0.001). Results showed that cardiorespiratory fitness at Grade 5 (β = 0.264, P &lt; 0.001) was a significant predictor of MVPA at Grade 7.

Conclusions
Results of this study demonstrated that cardiorespiratory fitness is an important antecedent of MVPA from childhood to adolescence. However, the portion cardiorespiratory fitness predicted MVPA was relatively low. Intensive physical activities within elementary school years are strongly encouraged.
P03-07 Do Short-term Exercise Interventions Improve Traditional Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Factors in Children?
Authors: van Biljon Anneke 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to explore the impact of short-term exercise of varying intensity on traditional cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk factors.

Methods
One hundred-and-nine children (11.07 ± 0.81 y) were conveniently assigned to 5-weeks of either: moderate intensity continuous training (MICT; n = 29) set at 65% - 70% of maximum heart rate (MHR); high intensity interval training (HIIT; n = 29; &gt; 80% MHR); combined training (HIIT + MICT; n = 27); or no training (CT; n = 24). A two-way analysis of variance (group x time) was used to evaluate the effects of training on all traditional CMD risk parameters. Effect sizes (ES) were calculated to assess the magnitude of difference.

Results
MICT, HIIT and HIIT + MICT significantly improved resting heart rate (ES = -0.39; ES = -1.05; ES = -1.05; p &gt; 0.0001), fasting glucose (ES = -0.63; ES = -0.90; ES = -0.13; p = 0.0004), peak oxygen consumption (ES = 0.53; ES = 0.88; ES = 0.46; p &gt; 0.0001) and c-reactive protein (ES = -0.18; ES = -1.04; ES = -0.54; p = 0.0016), respectively. The HIIT + MICT group significantly reducedwaist circumference(-5.37%; p &gt; 0.0001) and waist-to-hip ratio (-2.47%; p &gt; 0.0002) compared with the MICT (6.99%; 6.33%) and HIIT (-0.50%; -1.27%) groups, respectively.

Conclusion
The findings from this study indicate that short-term HIIT and MICT interventions are both effective for improving cardiometabolic health in children. HIIT + MICT may provide superior reductions in central obesity indicators.
P03-08 Do sports and PA offer a special arena with particularly good opportunities to work with the personal development of young people? - A study of young people's personal developing opportunities on sports-based independent boarding schools in Denmark
Authors: Morley Sofie , Elkrog-Hansen Lise Maria , Christiansen Lars Breum 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Independent boarding schools are a unique Danish type of residential setting for young people between the ages of 14 to 18. Distinguishing independent boarding schools from Danish public schools is, the independent boarding schools' distinct obligation to promote the ‘personal development' of the students. Approximately half of the 242 Danish independent boarding schools have an explicit focus on sport and physical activity (PA). Thus, it is interesting to investigate if sports-based independent boarding schools offer an arena with particularly good opportunities to work with the personal development of young people?

Methods
In March 2019 a survey was distributed to 1020 students at three participating sports-based independent boarding schools. This survey has since been developed further and in March 2022, it will be distributed nationwide to approximately 120 schools, with the scope of reaching approximately 18.000 students. To gain insights in regard to the aim of the study, the survey will collect quantitative data on sociodemographics of the students, motives for choosing independent boarding school life, the students' perception of the pedagogical practice in sports and PA lessons, the students' perceived personal development, and the students' well-being.

Results and conclusion
The study will take place in March 2022 and thus data and conclusions will be presented at the conference.
P03-13 Assessing the distribution of adolescents physical activity in each social time
Authors: Derigny Thibaut , Sschnitzler Christophe , Gandrieau Joseph , Potdevin François 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Regular physical activity (PA) in youth has mental and social health outcomes (Ekelund, 2016; Biddle, 2019). Available data also suggest that the level of PA in youth predicts PA in adulthood (Telama, 2014; Varma, 2017). However, international studies (Aubert et al, 2018) have shown that the majority of young people do not achieve the PA levels recommended for health benefits (Guthold, 2020). However, despite policy intentions to develop sports infrastructure (Deguilhem, 2016; Esteban, 2016), a decrease in the overall level of physical inactivity will not be achieved by 2025 (Guthold, 2020). It seems to be a gap between the willingness of public services and the concrete actions of citizens. One of the commonly recognized obstacles to PA is the lack of time (Embersin, 2007). Thus, based on Elias' temporal model (1997) we propose to move beyond the linear view of time (chronos) to a perspective of timely time (kairos). Adopting an ecological perspective on human development, postulating that multiple determinants impact on our choices of physical activity (Bauman, 2012), we qualify and quantify the social times conducive to physical activity and inactivity. Using objective measurements of PA by accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X) and a measure of social time by digital daily diary, we identify three profiles of adolescents whose perceptions of time vary according to their level of PA. Adolescents with an active profile (&gt;3000 METs per week) practice PA within the framework of school and out-of-school by optimizing active transports, whereas those with a low activity profile (600&gt;PA&gt;3000 METs per week) are mainly involved in school PA. Finally, adolescents with an inactive profile (PA &gt; 600 METs per week) only practice during compulsory physical education lessons and no social time records intense PA. As the only social time conducive to PA captured by all adolescents, the physical education lesson does not seem to be able, in its current form, to reduce inequalities in access to daily PA opportunities. There is scope for research into the organization of a school ecology (Waters, 2013; Turcotte, 2018) conducive to health education through PA.
P03-15 Activating the ‘peerness' of youth peer leaders in a community sport programme: supporting the development of techne and phronesis in peer leader training
Authors: Christensen Julie Hellesøe , Evans Adam B , Klinker Charlotte D , Staal Marie T , Bentsen Peter , Nielsen Glen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Since youth's participation rates in sport drop throughout adolescence, approaches to engage and retain this age group in physical activities are needed. Peers are highly influential on youth's behaviour, and peer education is widely used for youth health promotion purposes to harness this peer influence. Peer education builds on the rationale that youth who share characteristics that identify them as peers will have increased credibility, identification, and role modelling in their interactions. However, it is often unclear how the rationales of peer education are activated in peer-led programmes. We therefore asked: How can peer leaders be supported in activating their? peerness' in health promotion programmes?

Methods
The study was conducted in a non-profit organisation, GAME, where youth (age 16-25) are trained to lead street sport activities for younger children (age 8-15) in low resource neighbourhoods. The youth leaders were often locals and thus shared a peer relation with the participating children based on age and growing up in the same community. The empirical material consisted of learning objectives for GAME's peer leader training programme and field notes from observations (approximately 54 hours) of the peer leader training. To explore educational content that can support the rationales of peer education, the qualitative analysis drew on contemporary interpretations of two forms of knowledge;techne (practical knowledge) and phronesis (practical wisdom), originally proposed by Aristotle.

Results
Techne was supported in training activities that prepared peer leaders for making decisions related to the implementation of street sport activities while taking contextual factors (e.g. the weather or the participants' experience) into consideration. Phronesis was supported in training activities that encouraged peer leaders to reflect on their position and leadership approach and to support positive social relations among the participants. Training that supported phronesis encouraged experience-based critical reflection and decision-making rather than providing a recipe of how to act.

Conclusion
Supporting phronesis in peer leader training will encourage peer leaders to use their peerness actively. To meet the rationales of peer education, peer leaders' practical wisdom should be acknowledged as a key component in peer leadership and this should be reflected in peer leader training.
P03-16 Motivating playgrounds: Understanding how school playgrounds support autonomy, competence, and relatedness of tweens
Authors: Amholt Thea Toft , Dalgas Birgitte Westerskov , Veitch Jenny , Ntoumanis Nikos , Jespersen Jeanette Fich , Schipperijn Jasper , Pawlowski Charlotte 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Physical activity (PA) is an important factor contributing to general health. PA declines rapidly during tween years (9-12 years) when children's social world changes. During tween years, children's self-consciousness develops and their focus on social status, friendships, and appearance increase. It is therefore important to consider how to motivate tween's to be physically active. School playgrounds can contribute substantially to children's PA and are considered key contexts for children to be physically and socially active. Despite the potential of school playgrounds, little is known about how to motivate tweens to use school playgrounds.
Use of motivational theories in health research has increased rapidly in the last 20 years and the Self-Determination Theory has been used to conceptualize and analyze motivation. Using the three basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) proposed by the Self-Determination Theory, this qualitative study aimed to investigate how school playgrounds can support tweens to enhance their autonomous motivation for PA on school playgrounds.

Methods
We interviewed 56 tweens in focus group go-along interviews in their school playground.

Results
We found that playgrounds could support each of the three basic psychological needs. School playgrounds supported the need for autonomy when the tweens could freely choose from different play equipment pieces. Furthermore, playgrounds should provide enough space to avoid noisy areas and congestion. To support competence, playgrounds should facilitate challenges at different levels, enabling the tweens to practice and experience task mastery. These challenges should contain an element of risk where the tweens can experience a high degree of competence. Playgrounds provide a unique possibility for making and strengthening social bonds. To support relatedness, playgrounds should include areas to hang out and talk with friends of a similar age.

Conclusion
This research highlighted the importance of incorporating tweens' perspectives in playground design to attract and retain them in play and PA in school playgrounds.
P04-05 Testing muscle strength and dynamic balance in older recreational golfers and healthy sedentary non-golfers in community settings
Authors: Wilson David A , Brown Simon , Muckelt Paul E , Warner Martin B , Agyapong-Badu Sandra , Hawkes Roger A , Murray Andrew D , Stokes Maria 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Regular physical activity is known to reduce premature mortality, and help prevent and manage chronic diseases. Despite this, older people are not sufficiently active. Playing golf is associated with better aerobic fitness and mental wellbeing but evidence of a relationship with strength and balance is lacking. If the physical demands of golf are sufficient to meet the World Health Organisation recommendations for strength and balance, golf may qualify for exercise on prescription/social prescribing for people with long-term conditions. The hypothesis of this ongoing study is that playing recreational golf will be associated with better strength and balance in older people. Data are presented for grip strength and dynamic balance in golfers and sedentary older adults, tested using simple techniques suitable in community settings.

Methods
Seventy nine healthy older participants (aged 65-79 years) have been studied: 62 golfers (n = 31 females, 31 males) and 17 sedentary non golfers (9 males, 8 females). Difficulties in recruiting sedentary participants and then the outbreak of Covid-19 explain the discrepancy between group sizes. Golfers played 18 holes at least once a week for minimum of two years. Grip strength was tested for the right hand using the MIE hand-grip dynamometer, with results normalized to body weight. Dynamic balance was assessed using the Y-balance test, with reaching distance normalized to lower-limb length. Non-parametric statistics were used due to unequal group sizes.

Results
Grip strength was significantly greater in golfers than non-golfers (median and interquartile range); males and females combined; golfers 4.3±1.2; non-golfers 3.3±1.9 (p=0.039*; Mann-Whitney). The Y-balance performance was also significantly better in golfers than non-golfers (p=0.002*: Mann-Whitney). Normalised composite reach distance data (3 directions) for the right side were greater in golfers (81.7±13.3) than non-golfers (74.2±17.2).

Conclusions
These preliminary data indicate that playing recreational golf at least once a week is associated with greater grip strength and better dynamic balance in older golfers compared to sedentary non-golfers. These findings support further data collection (when permitted) to produce reference data. This will allow parametric statistical analysis to determine whether conclusive evidence will support the hypothesis, forming the basis of a randomised controlled trial.
P04-07 Factors associated with maintenance of physical activity in older adults undertaking a strength and balance programme for falls prevention
Authors: Blackmore Claire , Kendrick Denise , Orton Elizabeth 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Falls are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in older adults worldwide, yet those who are more physically active have a lower risk of falling. There is little information on which participants are most likely to complete falls prevention exercise programmes and increase their levels of physical activity (PA). This study aims to identify factors associated with completion of, and PA levels, at the end of the Falls Management Exercise (FaME) falls prevention exercise programme, a programme designed to increase balance and functional capacity, increase bone and muscle mass and reduce fear of falling.

Methods
356 community-dwelling adults provided routine data. Characteristics of participants were compared at baseline. Comparison of activity levels between completers and non-completers were carried out, and a regression analysis performed to identify factors associated with programme completion and achievement of 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per week.

Results
143 participants completed the FaME programme. This group was significantly younger (range 50-96; mean=75.3, SD=8.1 in completers vs. mean=77.8, SD=8.3 in non-completers) and had significantly lower scores on the FRAT (median=1, IQR=0-2 in completers vs. median=2, IQR=1-3 in non-completers) and FES-I risk assessments (median=10, IQR=7-13 in completers vs. median=11, IQR=8-16 in non-completers) at baseline, and a significantly higher level of physical activity (PA) per week (median=673 minutes, IQR=252-1252 in completers vs. median=558, IQR=120-1127 in non-completers). Completers significantly increased their total minutes of PA per week, and the converse was true for non-completers. Multivariate regression analyses showed that FRAT score was significantly associated with completion of FaME, and 180 degree turn and FES-I score were significantly associated with achieving the recommended 150 minutes of MVPA per week.

Conclusions
This study has shown that a significant increase in PA levels is only demonstrated in those who complete the FaME programme. Scores from selected functional measures and risk assessments are associated with FaME completion and achievement of 150 minutes of MVPA. This information can be used to provide targeted support to improve completion rates and physical activity levels of participants.