bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of the clinical spectrum of Fahr’s syndrome
Authors: Garcia-Mendaza L. , Ruiz De Pellón Á. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction70-year-old male with previous diagnosis of bipolar disorder and poor adherence. In the past months, he showed incipient behavioral alterations, for which he entered psychiatry service. During adressment, frequent memory failures, isolation, apathy and mutism were identified, clasifying the case as a possible dementia. A CT-scan was performed, revealing bilateral, simetrical calcifications of the basal ganglia, compatible with Fahr’s syndrome.ObjectivesReview of the available literature regarding Fahr’s syndrome, a rare condition witch can lead to a wide spectrum of neurological, motor and behavioral symptoms.MethodsA bibliographic revision has been carried out. Sources used: Google scholar, PubMed.ResultsFahr’s syndrome is characterized by symmetric and bilateral calcification of the basal ganglia, as well as other areas related to motor functions, such as the cerebellum. It is believed that it has an autosomal dominant inheritance, and the symptoms appear between the ages of 40 and 60. The spectrum of clinical manifestations includes motor disorders such as parkinsonism or chorea. The appearance of dementia or psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia like psychosis or mood disorders, are also common. Also pyramidal symptoms, cerebellar dysfunction, speech difficulty or convulsive seizures can be identified.ConclusionsFahr’s syndrome is rare, with a prevalence of <1 / 1,000,000. Diagnose is based on a compatible CT-scan, with clinical features and exclusion of other medical conditions. Nowadays, treatment is limited to a symptomatic support. The goals of further research are to understand the genetics of this disorder which could lead to an effective method for treating and preventing Fahr’s syndrome.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
MRI Analysis: Optimization of parameters for diffusion MRI to enhance hippocampal subfield analysis and segmentation (Preliminary Data)
Authors: Nwaubani P. , Colasanti A. , Cercignani M. , Warner A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe hippocampus is an important, complex limbic structure anatomically embedded in the medial temporal lobe of each cerebral cortex, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuro-inflammatory disease conditions. Few studies have focused on the characterization of the MRI neuroimaging signatures of highly physio- pathologically relevant subfields of the hippocampus (CA1, CA4-DG, CA2/CA3, SLRM).ObjectivesUsing self-guided manually segmented, Diffusion weighted and NODDI maps created from data obtained from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) we intend to test whether Diffusion MRI-based quantitative imaging parameters (MD, FA, ODI, ISOVF, ICVF), indicative of microstructural characteristics of major hippocampal subfields (CA1, CA2/CA3, CA4-DG and SLRM), correspond to predictions for animal literature and imaging-histology correlations. We will also explore the correlations between these parameters and age.MethodsWe used images from the Public connectome data (updated April 2018), exploring subjects with the 3T MRI sessions obtainable from the WU-Minn HCP Data section. For the purpose of this study, we selected and downloaded 10 preliminary imaging data (6 females and 4 males) based on age variability in the following ranges (26-30, 31-35 and 36+). We manually segmented, and computed quantitative parameters.ResultsConverging and consistent literature allude to decreasing volumes with increasing age. Analyzing the volumes from the diffusion maps (pilot data), this was also the case, with volumes computed from CA1 and DG-CA4 sub regions. IQT also allowed for better appreciation of neuroanatomical boundaries and land marks, hence allowing more regions to be easily manually segmented (addition of CA2/CA3).ConclusionsApplication to Neuroinflammatory imaging data.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Treatment of Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia
Authors: Vita A. 
Published: September 2022

Cognitive function in schizophrenia is one of the main elements significantly related to functional outcomes, accounting for approximately 25–50% of the variance in real-world functioning. Treatment approaches to cognitive dysfunctions include both pharmacological and psychosocial interventions. Second Generation Antipsychotics (SGAs) may partially improve cognitive dysfunction, due to their relatively high affinity for serotonin 5HT2A receptors. The effects of glutamatergic agents indicated benefits on cognition of a group of amino acids that act as glutamate agonists by binding to the glycine site on NMDA receptors. The administration of muscarinic antagonists potentiates cognitive impairments, while the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have been shown to play an important role in cognition with potential therapeutic applications in schizophrenia. Studies on drugs targeting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress emerged. Cognitive remediation has proved to be effective in improving cognitive dysfunctions and psychosocial functioning in people with schizophrenia, however there is still a limited understanding of how the putative active therapy ingredients contribute to changes in the brain and translate into improved real-world functioning. Cogrem exerts its maximal benefit when delivered in the context of other psychiatric rehabilitative interventions, but it is not yet clear what are the mechanisms of effectiveness of integrated treatment. It is important that future research shift from studies of group efficacy to individual efficacy of treatments, in the perspective of precision medicine. Issues related to individual predictors of effectiveness and of interactions between specific pharmacologic, specific cognitive remediation technique and individual patients’ characteristics should be furtherly addressed.DisclosureIn the last two years, Prof Vita received, directly or indirectly, support for clinical studies or trials, conferences, consultancies, Congress presentations, advisory boards from: Angelini, Boehringer Ingelheim, Innovapharma, Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck,
Long-term effects of Cushing’s Disease on visuospatial planning and executive functioning
Authors: Bauduin S. , Van Haalen F. , Giltay E. , Meijer O. , Pereira A. , Van Der Wee N. , Van Der Werff S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPatients with remitted Cushing’s Disease (CD) often present persisting impairments in executive and cognitive functioning domains. Little research has been conducted regarding the functional neural correlates of an important executive functioning skill, namely the ability to plan, in these patients.ObjectivesTo examine visuospatial planning related brain activity in remitted CD patients and matched controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).MethodsfMRI scans were made using a 3-Telsa scanner while remitted CD patients (n=21) and age-, gender-, and education matched healthy controls (HCs; n=21) completed a parametric Tower of London (ToL) task. Psychological and cognitive functioning were assessed using validated questionnaires. Clinical severity was assessed retrospectively using the Cushing’s syndrome Severity Index (CSI).ResultsCD Patients were on average 45.1 (SD=7.1) years old, 81% female, and in remission for mean 10.68 (SD=7.69) years. No differences were found in number of correct trials, response times per ToL trial, or in the region of interest analyses. Exploratory wholebrain analyses found that CD patients showed more activation in several brain regions associated with higher cognitive processes on 2-, 3-, and 5-step trials compared to HCs. Over-recruitment of the right parietal operculum cortex in the patients was significantly negatively associated with the prior active disease state on the CSI (r=-0.519, p=0.02).ConclusionsThe increased brain activation during the ToL in remitted CD patients versus controls signals over-recruitment of certain brain areas involved in higher cognitive processes. CD may thus result in long-lasting, subtle scarring effects during demanding executive functioning tasks, despite remission.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Neuroimaging in psychiatry: is it relevant?
Authors: Binic I. , Petrovic J. , Antonijevic J. , Zikic O. , Pancic D. , Petrovic F. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe upturn of neuroimaging techniques in the past 30 years has changed the study of the biology of psychiatric disorders with implications for psychiatric practice. Thrive in medical imaging technology has, in fact, truly reformed nearly every medical field.ObjectivesThese advances include both improvements in image resolution and the development of novel imaging techniques all of which provide an unprecedented view, in detail, of anatomical structures and/or functions in the human body.MethodsNowadays, we are familiar with the role of some brain structures such as the amygdala, the thalamus, the hippocampus, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and the insula in neuropsychiatric function. For example, lesions to the frontal cortex can disrupt judgment, motivation and social behavior.ResultsCurrently, most imaging techniques have some sort of clinical application, but this is usually restricted to a limited number of cases. New techniques have provided invaluable information not only about the brain structure and function associated with psychiatric disorders but increasingly about the mechanisms underpinning these disorders.ConclusionsGrowing understanding of the specific pathophysiology of mental disorders prepares us for improvement in the identification of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, which could lead to more accurate diagnoses and prediction of treatment response of the disorders managed in everyday clinical practice. Of note, the identification of neural biomarkers could potentially identify people at risk of developing a particular illness.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Discussion on Assessment and Treatment of Cognitive Impairment and New Developments of Cognitive Remediation in Schizophrenia
Authors: Wykes T. 
Published: September 2022

Cognitive impairment is conceptualised in different ways and the discussion will highlight differences and similarities. The importance of these cognitive impairments for choosing specific or generic cognitive remediation therapies will be highlighted as well as the need to consider social cognition and metacognition as potentially more important ingredients for improving recovery.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
What are the Training Needs of Mental Health and other Healthcare Professionals in Women’s Mental Health?
Authors: Sönmez Güngör E. 
Published: September 2022

Women’s mental health deals with, but not limited to, various aspects of psychiatric disorders in women, across the lifespan. The differential influence of gender and gender related indirect factors on mental ill-health has been researched and established for at least three decades. However, this topic is seldomly considered to be included in the structured curricula of psychiatric training. Several institutions provide temporary, CME-linked courses and other training opportunities. Yet, in many countries it is not part of a core program, whereas in common mental disorders, it is women who predominate. In this talk, a special focus will put on the training needs of psychiatrists and other mental health professionals regarding women’s mental health, especially perinatal mental health and psychopharmacology during pregnancy and lactation. Another important aspect is the impact of intimate partner violence on the mental (and general) wellbeing of women, which despite being encountered by around 1 out of 3 women worldwide, is still poorly addressed and treated. Some other contemporary aspects such as the mental health of immigrant women, will also be discussed.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
¿Compulsion or perseveration? A case report
Authors: Ruiz Moliner A.M. , Pérez Romero A. , Carranza Pérez-Tinao A. , González Garrido S. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction54-year-old female patient who came to hospital due to psychopathological decompensation of her Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), after 35 years under follow-up. Parkinson´s disease. Psychopharmacological treatment: sertraline 100 mg (1-0-0); lorazepam 2 mg (1-1-1); Levodopa/carbidopa 100/25 mg (1-1-1). Distressed at first examination. She described increase in rituals, important intake restriction, weight impact and difficulties in home management with functional repercussions. Psychopathological exploration: conscious, oriented, and approachable. Circumstantial speech with no obsessive ideas. Increased frequency of repetitive behaviours led to a functional deterioration, becoming dependent for activities of daily living. Elevated anxiety. No major mood disorder. No psychotic symptoms. Bradykinesia. Hypophagia without anorexia. Admission is carried out. Good evolution: improvement in motor symptoms and intake restoration. No changes in repetitive behaviours.ObjectivesTo discuss the differential diagnosis between OCD and Frontotemporal Dementia.MethodsRepetitive behaviours were initially understood as rituals typical of OCD. However, the absence of both a fixed pattern of behaviour and a structured obsessive ideation, made us consider the possibility of frontal perseveration behaviours. For this reason, a neuropsychological evaluation and a functional neuroimaging test were performed: Test Mo-CA: 9/30 with striking failures in executive functions. SPECT: mild uptake defect in the left frontotemporal region.ResultsFinally, in view of the impairment in executive functions and the frontal defects in neuroimaging, we change the initial diagnosis of OCD towards a Neurocognitive Disorder of probable frontotemporal origin.ConclusionsThe presented case evidenced the importance of differentiating obsessive compulsions from frontal perseverance to guide the differential diagnosis, given the implications for therapeutic management and prognosis.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Depressive Symptoms of Centenarians during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Preliminary Results of an Exploratory Study in Switzerland
Authors: Gomes Da Rocha C. , Von Gunten A. , Uittenhove K. , Lampraki C. , Cavalli S. , Herrmann F. , Jopp D. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Depression is one of the most frequent mental health problems in older populations.1 To the best of our knowledge, the prevalence of depressive symptomatology (DS) among centenarians in Switzerland is unknown. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic may have had a negative impact. As part of the study SWISS1002, we intend to provide key information on centenarians’ levels of DS.ObjectivesTo describe the DS of Switzerland’s centenarians during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsRandomly selected centenarians from across Switzerland and their proxy relatives were invited to participate. Data are collected via telephone. The questionnaire includes the assessment of DS via the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)– 5 items.3 Preliminary data were analysed using descriptive statistics.ResultsTelephone interviews were completed with 51 centenarians, and for 19 of them, proxy relatives also answered. The MAge of the centenarians was 101.41 (1.47) years, 34 (66.67%) were female and 27 (52.94%) lived at home. The mean score of the GDS–5 was 1.32 (SD=1.49). Considering a cut-off ≥2, 18 (36%) centenarians were screened positive for possible depression. Descriptive statistics indicated effects of gender (men: M=1.41, SD=1.46; women: M=1.27, SD=1.53) and living situation (private: M=1.07, SD=1.36; institution: M=1.61, SD=1.62). Centenarians’ and proxy reports were significantly related (ρ=0.56; p<.05).ConclusionsClinically relevant DS are highly prevalent among centenarians during the COVID-19 pandemic (36%), which is consistent with a recent study4 reporting a prevalence of 32% in a sample of younger older adults (MAge: 77.6, SD=6.9). To conclude, DS in centenarians should be screened systematically, especially in this time of unprecedented health crisis.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Estimate of the prevalence of depression among older people in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tilahune A. , Mekonnen N. , Duko B. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAmong non-communicable diseases, depression is a leading cause of morbidity in elderly people with varying magnitude across countries. No systematic review and meta-analysis has yet examined the pooled prevalence of depression among elderly in Africa.ObjectivesThe current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of depression among elderly people in Africa.MethodsWe have searched CINAHL, PubMed, SCOPUS and Psych-iNFO databases to identify observational studies which reported the prevalence of depression among the elderly. We used a random-effects model due to reported heterogeneity among the studies. The publication bias was examined by using egger’s test, visual inspection of the symmetry in funnel plots and adjusted using Trim and Fill analysis. We used Cochran’s Q and the I2-tests to measure heterogeneity across the studies.ResultsA total of 23 studies conducted in Africa were included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis, representing a total of 14, 350 elderly population. The pooled prevalence of depression among elderly people in Africa was estimated to be 26.3% (95% Ci; 22.2, 30.4%). The estimated pooled prevalence of depression among the elderly in Africa was much higher (43.1%) in studies that used a screening tool to measure depression when compared to studies that used a diagnostic tool (24.2%). Also, the prevalence of depression among female elderly participant (43.10%) was higher than that of male elderly participant (30.90%).Conclusions

One in five elderly population in Africa were depressed. Timely and targeted screening of depression among the elderly and evidence-based interventions were highly recommended.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Sexuality and the Quality of Life in Older People: A Correlational Study
Authors: Boyacıoğlu N.E. , Oflaz F. , Yıldız Karaahmet A. , Hodaeı B.K. , Afşin Y. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSexuality, which is an essential part of human life, is an instinct with the potential to cause or be caused by health problems. Although qualitative and quantitative characteristics of sexual life evolves over time, it may continue until the age of eighties.ObjectivesThis descriptive-correlational study aimed to analyze the relationship between general health status, quality of life and sexual life among senior people.MethodsStudy was conducted with the participation of 323 (169 female and 154 male) older people at the age of 65+. The participants were clients of the inpatient and outpatient services in a general hospital in Istanbul. General Health Questionnaire, Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale and Quality of Life Scale in Older People were used to collect data via online survey.ResultsThe quality of life was better and sexual problems were lower for the participants who had a partner, higher education level, lower age, a regular job, sufficient income, no chronic disease, who defined their relationship as sufficient, frequently engaged in sexual activity and who considered themselves as attractive.ConclusionsSexuality in older people changes over time and continues to hold its importance. Researchers should consider the importance of the quality of life on sexual satisfaction in older people.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Recent Trends in Russian Psychiatry with Particular Emphasis on Training in Women’s Mental Health
Authors: Semenova N. , Ilina N. 
Published: September 2022

There will be two main foci to this presentation. Firstly, Designing and implementing a new educational program entitled “Women victims of domestic violence: Detection, clinic, help” – that is mainly based on the teaching of several modules, WPA International Curriculum for Mental Healthcare Providers on Violence Against Women. Our program is a follow-on to the one held during the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, at which interest was expressed in sharing ideas and resources. Secondly, Informing on the recent trends in Russian perinatal psychiatry. This covers the psychiatric training in the assessment domain, case management, and service evaluation. We will introduce and review some resources for use in women’s mental health practicals, propose innovative pedagogical structures for practical teachings, such as Problem Based Learning, ’Vicarious Learning,’ and encourage discussion of how the practical aspects of women’s mental health teaching can be supported and enhanced. Teaching modules and training pathways will be delivered (“not too much; not too little and in the right order”), and dimensions of quality in continuing professional development in women’s mental health (i.e., Sophistication, Credibility, Timeliness, and Utility) will be outlined. This will be followed by a discussion exploring the different prioritization of the teaching modules across various organizations. We urge our audience to consider it is time for psychiatric training in women’s mental health to move from the margins to the center.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Othello syndrome: ¿Psychosis or dementia? A case report
Authors: Franco Soler A. , Coucheiro Limeres P. , Cerame A. , Torregrosa Martínez H. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionOthello syndrome (OS) is a psychiatric condition consisting of delusional jealousy, and irritability. It is often associated with psychiatric or neurological disorders. The most common are delusional disorder and dementia.ObjectivesThe purpose of this poster is to examine the phenomenon of OS and its etiopathogenesis throughout a case report.MethodsWe present the case of a 78-year-old male patient who was treated in our department due to delusional jealousy and depressive symptoms. The patient has a medical history of cardiac events in the past, being stable at the current moment. We performed a detailed psychiatric and physical history paying special attention to personality traits in the past. The patient was administered Mini Mental State Examination and CamCog (subscale of Camdex).ResultsAccording to him and his family our patient had neither episodes of jealousy nor affective disorders. His results were: 18 in MMSE and 57 in CamCog. Both compatible with a dementia course.ConclusionsAttending our results we inferred that the OS belongs to a dementia clinical picture instead of a psychotic disorder. Therefore we decided to treat the patient with neuroleptics, with partial improvement, and to start cognitive stimulation treatment in a day centre and a short term psychological family intervention to help the family to understand and cope with the course of dementia. Thus, clinicians should keep in mind the possible organic origin of OS, especially in elderly persons, to develop an appropriate individual and familiar case approach.DisclosureNo significant relationships.