bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study about Acetic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Some Selected Waste Protein Source
Authors: Alisigwe Chibuzo V. , Njoku George C. , Iloanusi David U. , Uchendu Jennifer C. , Aririguzo Prisca C. 
Published: April 2022

Background: Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are an essential and diverse group of bacteria involved in producing fermented foods and beverages, primarily known for their production of acetic acid (ethanoic acid) used in the production of vinegar.
Aim: This study aims to isolate Acetic Acid Bacteria from protein waste and quantify the acetic acid produced which will serve as a means of protein waste management/recycling to conserve the environment/society at large while producing the value-added product; acetic acid from waste protein sources (fish, milk, meat, egg, soy milk, beans and unpasteurized milk).
Methodology: The samples were homogenized in sterile distilled water, followed by serial dilution and inoculation on glucose yeast calcium carbonate (GYC) agar using the spread plate method with an inoculum size of 0.1 ml. The plates were incubated at 30oC for 48 hours. Several biochemical tests, including oxidase, catalase, and Gram stain, were carried out on the isolates. The acetic acid production rate was estimated using the yeast glucose ethanol acetic acid (YGEA) medium.
Results: Twenty-five (25) (white, creamy and yellow pale-coloured) well-isolated colonies were selected to be analyzed. Out of 25 isolates, fourteen (14) suspected acetic acid bacteria because they produced clear zones around their colonies in the selective GYC culture medium. Of the 14 analyzed isolates, six (6) were Gram-negative rods. Presumptive identification of the acetic acid bacterial isolates includes Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter oxydans. Morphologically identified and biochemically confirmed acetic acid bacterial isolates were then further checked for their abilities to produce acetic acid by titration in YGEA (Yeast, Glucose, Ethanol, Acetic acid) medium. Acetic acid production rate varied among the isolates. Among three (3) acetic acid-producing strains, isolates from fish 2 showed the highest acetic acid production (24.34 g/100 ml) rate at 37oC, while those from milk 1 and meat 2 showed 23.96 g/100 ml and 23.46 g/100 ml, respectively.
Conclusion: This study is based on the importance of AAB in converting low-value protein waste to value-added products such as acetic acid, ascorbic acid, cellulose and others. This is due to their ability to use protein waste as a substrate.
Isolation and Characterization of Glyphosate Degrading Bacteria from Kubau Local Govt. Area, Kaduna State
Authors: Muhammad Aliyu Babadiddi , Abdullahi Nasiru , Jahun Bashir Muhammad , Shehu Dayyabu 
Published: April 2022

Strains of bacteria with the ability of utilizing glyphosate as the sole source of carbon were isolated from soil exposed to glyphosate herbicide by culture enrichment method and identified through partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Sixteen different microbial strains were isolated from glyphosate-contaminated sites in Kubau local govt. area, Kaduna state. Two of the microbial strains: BBDD3 and BBD4 were found to be the best degraders and were able to withstand up to 16.4 mg/ml of the glyphosate concentration. On the basis of 16s rRNA and biochemical tests, BBDD3 and BBDD4 strains were identiﬁed as Escherichia coli and Sporanaerobacter acetigenes respectively. These strains demonstrate laboratory utilizing ability of 92% and 98% for 16.4 mg/ml of the glyphosate formulation, respectively. The best optimum conditions for degradation were observed at pH 6.0 for the strains and at the temperature of 35oC for strain BBDD3 and BBDD4. Based on these results, the two strains displayed their potentials to be used in the bioremediation of glyphosate-contaminated environment.
Antimicrobial Property of Microorganisms Isolated from Soil and Water – Body Samples in Ghana
Authors: Boadi Martin , Gbedema Stephen Y. , Bayor Marcel T. , Boamah Vivian E. , Odoi Hayford 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Soil and aquatic microorganisms have been the major sources of novel antimicrobial agents over the past years. The continues use of these agents against pathogenic organisms have resulted in multi-drug resistant pathogens, hence, the need to search for new and potent antimicrobial agents.
Methods: In this study, microorganisms were isolated from 24 samples collected from soil, the Kakum River (water and sediments) and the Gulf of Guinea (water and sediments). The microorganisms present in these samples were screened for their antimicrobial producing potentials.
Results: A total of 138 microorganisms were isolated out of which thirty-six (36) showed growth–inhibitory activity against at least one of the test organisms used for the screening. The extract of a selected isolate, GKSE1, showed antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. pyogenes, E. faecalis, E. coli, K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, S. typhorium and S. dysentriae with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 1.563–6.250 mg/mL. The extract was stable in aqueous solution for more than three months and also had activity after autoclaving at 121oC for 15 minutes. TLC analysis of the crude extract revealed 5 spots with 2 regions of inhibition in a bioautography assay.
Conclusion: This study has shown that microorganisms isolated from soil, Kakum River and the sea has the potential to produce antimicrobial agents with the isolate GKSE1, identified as Enterococcus faecalis having excellent activity.
Genotype x Environment Effects Elucidation of Wheat Genotypes Evaluated in Northern Hills Zone by AMMI, BLUP and Non Parametric Measures
Authors: Verma Ajay , Pratap Singh Gyanendra 
Published: April 2022

AMMI analysis of sixteen wheat genotypes evaluated at eight locations of northern hills zone revealed that significant environments, GxE interactions and genotypes contributed 44.8%, 30.9% & 8.9% respectively. Signal component of interactions accounted 87.91% of total interactions sum of squares. Values of IPCA1 pointed for G8, G2, G15 while G14, G10, G7 would be of choice as per IPCA-2. ASV1 measure while utilizing 58.5% of interactions recommended (G1, G8, G5) whereas (G1, G14, G5) pointed by ASV. Measures MASV1and MASV as per 97.4% of interactions settled for G10, G4, G5. BLUP based measures i.e. HMGV identified G10, G9, G16, while RPGV favored G9, G15, G6 and HMRPGV identified G9, G15, G6 wheat genotypes for this zone of the country. Suitability of G1, G10, G4 observed by NPi (1) measure whereas NPi(2) selected G4, G12, G1 while NPi(3) identified G4, G1, G12 and NPi(4) pointed for G1, G4, G12. Biplot analysis of measures found total 75.4% of accounted by first two principal components with with 43.2% & 29.2% contributions. BLStdev ASV MASV ASV1 MASV1 BLCV Si4 Si2, NPi (1) NPi (2) accounted for more share in first component while BLHM MHPRVG BLGM PRVG Mean BLAvg BLGM Si7 NPi (4) were major contributors in second one. Measures ASV, ASV1, MASV, MASV1, NPi(1), Si1, Si2, Si3, Si4, Si5, Si6, Si7 clustered in biplot graphical analysis. Measures NPi(2), NPi(3), NPi(4) formed a cluster with BLUP based measures Mean, BLAvg, BLGM, PRVG, MHPRVG.
Acute Diarrhea: Risk Factors and Electrolytes Disturbances in Children of Age 2 Months to 5 Years
Authors: Rehana Nazia , Langah Azizullah , Jamali Ameer Ali , Siyal Habibullah , Jamali Asif Nadeem , Memon Fouzia Rasool , Ahmer Arslan 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: Objectives of this study are to determine the risk factors in children with acute diarrhea and to determine the electrolytes disturbances in children with acute diarrhea.
Methodology: A study was conducted at Paediatric Department, PMCH Nawabshah. Total 246 patients, meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled into the study by using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. A written informed consent was taken from attendant to include their child into the study. Children were admitted to in-patient department and serum sodium and serum potassium levels were evaluated through collection of venous blood sample. Risk factors were explored by clinical history and relevant physical examination. All of the data was recorded on pre-designed profroma. Data was entered into statistical package SPSS version 21 for statistical analysis.
Results: Total 246 children were recruited into the study out of which, 160(65%) were males and 86(35%) were females. The median age (in years) was 1.5 with IQR: 0.75 – 2.63. Majority of the children were from rural area (80.1%). The prevalence of risk factor ‘incomplete vaccination’ was high among all risk factors (98.78%). Prevalence for lack of tap water supply, use of bottle feed, lack of breast feed and use of prelacteal feed were 86.58%, 82.5%, 78.05% and 17.1% respectively. The most common electrolyte imbalance was hyponatremia (55.28%) followed by hypokalemia (43.90%), hypernatremia (13.01%) and hyperkalemia (10.16%).
Conclusion: Diarrhea impacted serum electrolytes and children developed dehydration especially hyponatremina and hypokalemia. Therefore, serum electrolytes should be closely monitored among children with diarrheal illness and timely managed with necessary interventions. The frequent risk factors of acute diarrhea were non-compliance to vaccine program, exclusive breastfeeding, and lack of potable water. The findings of current study suggest to give education to care givers so they may properly take care of their offspring. Potable water should be available and used to avoid consequences of utilizing unsafe water.
Properdin: An Immune System Regulator That Can Be a Therapeutic Target of the Complement System
Authors: Mashraqi Mutaib M. , Asiri Saeed A. 
Published: April 2022

Properdin, a serum glycoprotein, is involved in the immune system regulation, particularly in alternative pathways beginning the complement system. Properdin is made up of cyclic oligomers of monomeric subunits and is generated by various leukocyte subsets. Properdin promotes complement activation, which results in changes withinside the cell milieu that makes contributions to innate and adaptive immunological responses, such as the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, immune cell recruitment, and the development of immune cells involved in antigen presentation. Despite the presence of potential inhibitors (properdin) in serum and the formation of non-physiological aggregates in pure properdin preparations, properdin has emerged as a critical component in a variety of inflammatory illness models. Using the properdin-deficient murine model has aided in the knowledge of how properdin participates in diseases pathophysiology promotion or prevention. Pharmaceutical therapy for complement-dependent damage such as properdin is possible for a variety of acute and chronic problems, fluctuating from entrenched medicines for rare conditions to prospective future therapies for large patient groups such as the pandemic coronavirus-virus disease 2019. The basics of properdin biology are discussed, with a focus on the main hurdles that devour hampered the analysis of outcomes as of properdin-targeted studies.
Prevalence of Precipitating Factors in Rehospitalisation among Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Patients at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Hussain Sabir , Hussain Wajid , Jamil Araj , Shaikh Laraib , Ahmed Bilal , Manzoor Vengus 
Published: April 2022

Aims: The purpose of this research was to assess the frequency of precipitating variables that resulted in hospitalisation among ADHF patients who were admitted to the hospital.
Sample: The sample size was calculated using WHO sample size calculator version 2.0 considering 13.22%7 uncontrolled hypertension among the patients with acute decompensated HF (ADHF), with 95% confidence interval, and 5% of margin of error, the sample size of n = 177 patients was calculated.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) Karachi from 26th October 2018 to 26 April 2019.
Methodology: Both male and female patients aged 20 to 80 years with documented HF with EF <40% on echocardiogram presenting with acute decompensated HF (ADHF) in NYHA class II, III or IV were included in this study.
Results: A total of 177 hospitalized patients with acute decompensated HF were included. 107 (60.5%) were males & 70 (39.5%) were females with the mean age of 52.039+14.83887 years. The PF were acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in 64 (36.2%), medication Non compliance in 36(20.3%), atrial fibrillation in 44(24.9%), and uncontrolled hypertension in 47(26.6%).
Conclusion: HF hospitalizations are associated with a significant number of preventable PF. The most prevalent precipitating event in our analysis was acute coronary syndrome (ACS), which occurred in 36.2 percent of participants. Patient HF patients may benefit from the identification of possible triggering factors, which may aid in the optimization of therapy and the provision of counseling.
Neuroimaging and Neuropsychological Performance in Parkinson's Disease Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alandas Nourah , Alanazi Abeer , Alzahrani Hamad 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: One of the most common non motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) is cognitive decline. Scientific evidence has demonstrated that patients with PD experience rapid cognitive decline in multiple cognitive domains, specifically executive functions, attention, visuospatial, language and memory. However, the extent of cognitive decline with its correlation to brain regions on neuroimaging have not been reviewed extensively in the literature.
Objective: The objective of this review is to summarize the existing literature that explores cognitive performance in patients with PD with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using different neuroimaging techniques.
Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed and Web of Science databases. This review is focused on articles that explored neuroimaging and neuropsychological performance in patients with Parkinson’s disease. We screened articles and excluded those that did not fit the criteria of this study, and a total of 13 articles have met the criteria.
Results: Overall, PD-MCI patients experienced more cognitive decline than PD patients without MCI. Global cognitive ability was associated with frontal lobe, basal ganglia, para-hippocampal gyrus, occipital lobe, and the cerebellum. In addition, some specific cognitive domains were associated with specific brain regions. Attention and executive functions were associated with insula network and the parietal and frontal regions. Learning and memory were associated with grey matter atrophy and right cingulate gyrus and the limbic lobe. Language was associated with frontal cortex, precuneus, and anterior cingulate gyrus. Visuospatial ability was associated with Salience network (SN) and White Matter Hyperintensity (WMH).
Conclusion: This review of the literature showed that PD-MCI patients display different cognitive impairment as well as different neuroanatomical changes when compared to PD-Normal Cognition (NC). These findings may suggest that cognitive impairment in PD-MCI patients require different clinical treatment and care. This review also can have diagnostic and treatment implications for this group of patients.
Interpersonal mindfulness and forgiveness: Examining the mediating roles of anger rumination and state anger
Authors: Yang Tongping , Chen Guodian , Bi Chongzeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMeasuring mindfulness without accounting for specific contexts may lead to controversial results. This study attempted to examine whether the newly proposed construct of interpersonal mindfulness, mindfulness as it happens within the interpersonal context, was connected to forgiveness and the mechanisms behind this connection. Data were collected from 312 participants using measures of interpersonal mindfulness, trait mindfulness, anger rumination, state anger, self‐reported forgiveness, and forgiving behavior. Results showed that interpersonal mindfulness was significantly associated with both self‐reported forgiveness and forgiving behavior even while accounting for trait mindfulness. Mediation analysis revealed that anger rumination and state anger could mediate this link separately and sequentially, but only when trait mindfulness was uncontrolled. When controlling for trait mindfulness, the mediating role of state anger remained significant, but neither anger rumination nor the serial combination did. An alternative model was also supported, showing that after controlling for interpersonal mindfulness, trait mindfulness was indirectly associated with forgiveness through anger rumination and the serial mediating effect of anger rumination and state anger, but not state anger. These findings suggest that interpersonal mindfulness is more suitable for predicting interpersonal forgiveness than trait mindfulness. State anger may operate as a proximal mechanism in explaining how mindfulness relates to interpersonal forgiveness, whereas anger rumination may operate at a more distal level.
Highly Regio‐, Stereo‐, and Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed B−H Bond Insertion of α‐Silylcarbenes: Efficient Access to Chiral Allylic gem‐Silylboranes
Authors: Huang Ming‐Yao , Zhao Yu‐Tao , Zhang Cheng‐Da , Zhu Shou‐Fei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHerein, we report the development of a method for highly regio‐, stereo‐, and enantioselective B−H bond insertion reactions of α‐silylcarbenes generated from 1‐silylcyclopropenes in the presence of a chiral copper(I)/bisoxazoline catalyst for the construction of chiral γ,γ‐disubstituted allylic gem‐silylboranes, which cannot be prepared by any other known methods. This reaction is the first highly enantioselective carbene insertion reaction of α‐silylcarbenes ever to be reported. The method shows general applicability for various 3,3‐disubstituted silylcyclopropenes and exclusively affords E‐products. The novel chiral γ,γ‐disubstituted allylic gem‐silylborane products are versatile allylic bimetallic reagents with high stability and have great synthetic potential, especially for the construction of complex molecules with continuous chiral centers.
A Selenide Catalyst for the Activation of Alkenes through Se⋅⋅⋅π Bonding
Authors: Yuan Xinglong , Wang Yao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChalcogen bonding catalysis with divalent chalcogenides required using heteroatoms as electron donors to give reactivity, while the activation of hydrocarbons such as alkenes by this concept remains an unresolved challenge. Herein, we discovered a powerful selenide catalyst that showed unprecedented capability in the activation of alkenes. The Se⋅⋅⋅π interactions were capable of catalyzing a broad range of transformations, including intermolecular cyclization and coupling reactions. Significantly, the Se⋅⋅⋅π bonding activation mode can be exploited to achieve intermolecular enyne cyclizations and controlled cross‐coupling of triple alkenes. The activation of alkenes by divalent selenides opens up a new avenue for supramolecular catalysis.
Synthesis of Genuine Germenyl Lithiums and the First Persistent Germenyl Radicals
Authors: Goldshtein Yulia , Glagovsky Yuri , Tumanskii Boris , Fridman Natalia , Bravo‐Zhivotovskii Dmitry , Apeloig Yitzhak 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe first isolated genuine germenyl lithiums (R3Si)(1‐Ad)C=Ge(SiMetBu2)(Li⋅2 L) (R3Si=tBu2MeSi, L=THF (1 a), or L=12‐crown‐4 (1 b) and R3Si=tBuMe2Si, L=THF (2 a), or L=12‐crown‐4 (2 b)), were synthesized by reaction of the corresponding acyl germanes3and4, respectively, with tBu2MeSiLi in THF at 70 °C. The novel1 aand2 bwere characterized by NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, and also by X‐ray crystallography (r(C=Ge)=1.865 Å for1 aand 1.877 Å for2 b). Nucleophilic addition reaction of1 awith MeI and a C−H insertion reactions to the C=Ge bond of1 a,2 aand2 b, are reported. Oxidation of1 aand2 b(toluene, 230 K) produces the first persistent germenyl radicals (R3Si)(1‐Ad)C=Ge⋅‐(SiMetBu2) (R3Si=tBu2MeSi (13 a), R3Si=tBuMe2Si (13 b)), which were characterized by EPR spectroscopy (t1/2≈30 min at 230 K, g=2.029,aav(73Ge) is 55.0G for13 aand 60.2G for13 b). The experimental EPR parameters and DFT calculations indicate that13 aand13 bhave a strongly bent structure at Ge (calc. ∡(C=Ge−Si)=136.7° (13 a), 135.9° (13 b)), and that the unpaired electron has a substantial s‐character.
Effect of elbow angle and weight‐bearing on the evaluation of joint congruence in dogs
Authors: Alves‐Pimenta Sofia , Soares Sofia , Colaço Bruno , Ginja Mário Manuel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractJoint congruence is relevant for the assessment of elbow dysplasia, a development disorder in dogs. However, quantification of its variation with joint angle and weight‐bearing, important factors in quadrupedal locomotion, is lacking. Our objective was to estimate those effects on the alignment of humeroradioulnar joint surfaces. The usual protocol for screening elbow dysplasia, including mediolateral extended and flexed elbow views, was preceded by a weight‐bearing lateromedial standing radiographic view, without sedation. Minimum distances were measured at established points of the humeroradioulnar joints classified with a Grade 0 dysplasia. Sixty elbows (30 Portuguese Pointer dogs) were studied. The joint space between the anconeal process and the ulnar trochlear notch increased with flexion, decreasing with weight‐bearing (p < .001). The distance between the humeral trochlea and the trochlear notch at the widest point increased with weight‐bearing, while it decreased with flexion. Step and distance between the radial head and the base of the medial coronoid process increased with flexion and decreased with weight‐bearing. At this point, physiological changes occurred at the humeroulnar joint space. The methodology allowed to quantify the variations on joint spaces with the elbow angle and weight‐bearing, important for the interpretation of congruence in diagnosis and treatment of dysplasia. Reference absolute and indexed values obtained allow future comparisons with other breeds and dysplastic dogs. Physiological variations denoted that radioulnar joint became more incongruent under flexion, and more congruent under weight‐bearing, while humeroulnar joint became more congruent under flexion, and more incongruent under weight‐bearing.
Influence of the urban canopy on the numerical simulation of the “720” rainstorm process in Beijing
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhu Shanyou , Ping Fan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBased on high‐resolution underlying surface data and revised urban parameters, a heavy rainfall process that occurred on July 20, 2016 in Beijing was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model, version 4.0 (WRF4.0). Sensitivity experiments by changing the land‐use type and terrain height, and coupling a slab urban canopy model (UCM) with modified parameters, were carried out to investigate the effects of the urban canopy on this rainstorm process in Beijing. The simulation results confirmed that the urban canopy of Beijing had significant impacts on the heavy rainfall, and its impacts on the rainfall could mainly be attributed to the internal structure and related processes of the urban canopy. The urban canopy increased the convergence of water vapor flux in the urban area, leading to strengthened rainfall in the urban area. In addition, employing the UCM also had an influence. The experiment uncoupled with the UCM suggested that the urban heat island effect of Beijing was relatively weak; its barrier effect of the urban canopy played a leading role that blocked and delayed the movement of rain bands, which divided the airflow and increased the amount of rainfall outside the urban area. The experiment coupled with the UCM took into account the parameters of building height, albedo, and anthropogenic heat, which helped improve the accuracy of rainfall simulation. Its urban heat island phenomenon was obvious, which benefited the convergence and upward movement of urban airflow and promoted the movement of the front and the total rainfall in the urban center.