bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Python’s lunches in Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity with matter
Authors: Bak Dongsu , Kim Chanju , Yi Sang-Heon , Yoon Junggi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We study Python’s lunch geometries in the two-dimensional Jackiw-Teitelboim model coupled to a massless scalar field in the semiclassical limit. We show that all extrema including the minimal quantum extremal surface, bulges and appetizers lie inside the horizon. We obtain fully back-reacted general bulk solutions with a massless scalar field, which can be understood as deformations of black holes. The temperatures of the left/right black holes become in general different from each other. Moreover, in the presence of both state and source deformations at the same time, the asymptotic black hole spacetime is further excited from that of the vacuum solution. We provide information-theoretic interpretation of deformed geometries including Python’s lunches, minimal quantum extremal surface and appetizers according to the entanglement wedge reconstruction hypothesis. By considering the restricted circuit complexity associated with Python’s lunch geometries and the operator complexity of the Petz map reconstructing a code space operation, we show that the observational probability of Python’s lunch degrees of freedom from the boundary is exponentially suppressed. Thus, any bulk causality violation effects related with Python’s lunch degrees are suppressed nonperturbatively.
Lymphopenia in patients affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection is caused by margination of lymphocytes in large bowel: an [18F]FDG PET/CT study
Authors: Signore Alberto , Lauri Chiara , Colandrea Marzia , Di Girolamo Marco , Chiodo Erika , Grana Chiara Maria , Campagna Giuseppe , Aceti Antonio 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
To investigate the cause of lymphopenia in patients with newly diagnosed COVID-19, we measured [18F]FDG uptake in several tissues, including the ileum, right colon, and caecum at diagnosis and after recovery and correlated these measurements with haematological parameters.

Methods
We studied, by [18F]FDG PET/CT, 18 newly diagnosed patients with COVID-19. Regions of interest were drawn over major organs and in the terminal ileum, caecum, and right colon, where the bowel wall was evaluable. Five patients were re-examined after recovery, and three of them also performed a white blood cell scan with 99mTc-HMPAO-WBC on both occasions. Complete blood count was performed on both occasions, and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were measured at diagnosis. Data were analysed by a statistician.

Results
Patients had moderate severity COVID-19 syndrome. Basal [18F]FDG PET/CT showed focal lung uptake corresponding to hyperdense areas at CT. We also found high spleen, ileal, caecal, and colonic activity as compared to 18 control subjects. At recovery, hypermetabolic tissues tended to normalize, but activity in the caecum remained higher than in controls. Regression analyses showed an inverse correlation between CD4 + lymphocytes and [18F]FDG uptake in the caecum and colon and a direct correlation between CD8 + lymphocytes and [18F]FDG uptake in lungs and bone marrow. WBC scans showed the presence of leukocytes in the caecum and colon that disappeared at recovery.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that lymphopenia in COVID-19 patients is associated with large bowel inflammation supporting the hypothesis that CD4 + lymphocytes migrate to peripheral lymphoid tissues in the bowel.
Ultrasound high-definition microvasculature imaging with novel quantitative biomarkers improves breast cancer detection accuracy
Authors: Ternifi Redouane , Wang Yinong , Gu Juanjuan , Polley Eric C. , Carter Jodi M. , Pruthi Sandhya , Boughey Judy C. , Fazzio Robert T. , Fatemi Mostafa , Alizad Azra 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To overcome the limitations of power Doppler in imaging angiogenesis, we sought to develop and investigate new quantitative biomarkers of a contrast-free ultrasound microvasculature imaging technique for differentiation of benign from malignant pathologies of breast lesion.

Methods
In this prospective study, a new high-definition microvasculature imaging (HDMI) was tested on 521 patients with 527 ultrasound-identified suspicious breast masses indicated for biopsy. Four new morphological features of tumor microvessels, microvessel fractal dimension (mvFD), Murray’s deviation (MD), bifurcation angle (BA), and spatial vascularity pattern (SVP) as well as initial biomarkers were extracted and analyzed, and the results correlated with pathology. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to study the performance of different prediction models, initial biomarkers, new biomarkers, and combined new and initial biomarkers in differentiating benign from malignant lesions.

Results
The new HDMI biomarkers, mvFD, BA, MD, and SVP, were statistically significantly different in malignant and benign lesions, regardless of tumor size. Sensitivity and specificity of the new biomarkers in lesions > 20 mm were 95.6% and 100%, respectively. Combining the new and initial biomarkers together showed an AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 97% (95% CI: 95–98%), 93.8%, and 89.2%, respectively, for all lesions regardless of mass size. The classification was further improved by adding the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) score to the prediction model, showing an AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 97% (95% CI: 95–98%), 93.8%, and 89.2%, respectively.

Conclusion
The addition of new quantitative HDMI biomarkers significantly improved the accuracy in breast lesion characterization when used as a complementary imaging tool to the conventional ultrasound.

Key Points
• Novel quantitative biomarkers extracted from tumor microvessel images increase the sensitivity and specificity in discriminating malignant from benign breast masses.
• New HDMI biomarkers Murray’s deviation, bifurcation angles, microvessel fractal dimension, and spatial vascularity pattern outperformed the initial biomarkers.
• The addition of BI-RADS scores based on US descriptors to the multivariable analysis using all biomarkers remarkably increased the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC in all size groups.
Lightning climatology for the eastern Alpine region on the kilometer scale with daily resolution
Authors: Simon Thorsten , Mayr Georg J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLightning flashes are potentially hazardous, albeit locally rare events. Despite this rareness, generalized additive models (GAMs) have succeeded in producing a climatology of lightning occurrence for the eastern Alps and surrounding lowlands with an unprecedented resolution of 1 $$\text{km}^{2}$$

km
2

for each day from April to September based on data from the ALDIS lightning location system (2010–2020). This resolution is achieved due to the GAM incorporating information from cells with similar characteristics, such as region, altitude, season, and elevations within the cell. The probability of a cloud-to-ground discharge within 1 $$\text{km}^{2}$$

km
2

on a given day during the warmer seasons is typically less than 1%, with a rapid increase in spring, followed by a plateau in summer and a gentle decrease in fall. Early in the season, probabilities are lower in the highest regions but increase once the snow cover is gone, becoming higher than in the valleys. Regional patterns of lightning probability also vary with season. The details are complex, but generally, higher values shift towards the south in the course of the season. Grid cells with a jagged topography have a higher probability of lightning.
Meteorological aspects of the atypical seasonal lightning distribution at the Gaisberg tower
Authors: Dorninger Manfred , Marth Sabrina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe seasonal lightning distribution at the Gaisberg tower in Austria is very different from the distribution observed in a circular ring with a radius of 2 to 10 km around the tower. The distribution in the circular ring shows the typical peak during the convective season. In contrast, we find a bimodal distribution with a peak in early spring and late fall at the tower. By selecting two cases representing these two situations, the differences in the meteorological setting are discussed.Lightning events observed solely at the Gaisberg tower are characterized by strong horizontal winds in the lower layers of the atmosphere from the northwest sector. This direction represents the open window from the Gaisberg towards the foreland, meaning there are no mountains upstream, and the flow can reach the Gaisberg unhindered. Cases of this type occur mainly during the cold season but are not limited to it.In contrast, lightning events at the tower and in its vicinity are typical for convective events with low horizontal wind speed in the lower layers and occur mainly during the convective season.
Immobilität als Grund der Vorstellung in einer Krankenhausnotaufnahme?
Authors: Walter Georg , Faust Markus , Wenske Slatomir , Raane Maximilian , Umgelter Katrin , Schmid Roland M. , Umgelter Andreas 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die zunehmende Belastung von Krankenhausnotaufnahmen (KHN) durch wenig dringliche Patienten wirft Fragen nach Fehlsteuerungen bzw. Versorgungsdefiziten in anderen Bereichen auf.

Methode
Retrospektive Datenanalyse einer Zufallsstichprobe aus allen Fällen des Jahres 2019 zweier KHN in einer Metropolregion. Wir untersuchten Patienten, die ambulant versorgt, aber mit einem Krankentransportmittel (KT) wieder aus der Notaufnahme abtransportiert wurden.

Ergebnisse
1500 Patienten (767 [51,1 %] weiblich; Alter 56 ± 22,7 Jahre) aus einer Grundgesamtheit von 80.845 Patienten wurden analysiert. 888 (59,2 %) wurden ambulant versorgt. Jeweils 9 (0,5 %), 193 (12,9 %), 684 (45,6 %), 508 (33,9 %) und 48 (3,2 %) waren den Manchester-Triage-System-Kategorien Rot, Orange, Gelb, Grün bzw. Blau zugeordnet. Von 880 ambulanten Patienten wurden 731 (83,2 %) selbstständig und 149 (16,8 %) mit einem KT entlassen. Über die Hälfte der per KT entlassenen Patienten war mit urologischen Problemen, Extremitätenproblemen und nach Stürzen vorgestellt worden. Die liegend transportierten ambulant versorgten Patienten hatten ein höheres Alter (76,2 ± 16,2 vs. 45,1 ± 20,5 Jahre; p < 0,001), einen höheren Charlson Comorbidity Index (5 [3–6] vs. 0 [0–2]; p < 0,001), erhielten seltener eine CT-Diagnostik und häufiger lediglich eine einfache medizinische Maßnahme ohne diagnostischen Aufwand (24,8 % vs. 4,6 %; p < 0,001). Sie wurden zu einem größeren Anteil mehrfach vorgestellt (28,9 % vs. 8,5 %; p < 0,001). Der Anteil an Heimbewohnern war höher (59,5 % vs. 0 %; p < 0,001).

Schlussfolgerung
Etwa ein Zehntel der insgesamt in den KHN versorgten Patienten blieb ambulant und wurde mit einem KT entlassen. Mehr als die Hälfte wurde aus stationären Pflegeeinrichtungen vorgestellt. Ein Großteil erhielt einfache Leistungen und kaum Diagnostik und hatte eine niedrige Triagedringlichkeit.
Entwicklung des Alkoholkonsums zu Beginn und während der ersten Wellen der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie: Ergebnisse einer systematischen Literaturrecherche
Authors: Thielmann Beatrice , Böckelmann Irina , Schumann Heiko 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel der Arbeit
Es ist bekannt, dass der Alkoholkonsum und -missbrauch sowie alkoholinduzierte Probleme in wirtschaftlich schwierigen Zeiten zunehmen – was frühere SARS-Studien belegen. Das Review untersucht weltweite Veränderungen des Alkoholkonsums unter dem Einfluss der aktuellen SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie.

Material und Methoden
Es wurden die Datenbanken PubMed, Ovid, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PsycINFO und Web of Science mit Stichtag 11.01.2022 verwendet. Es fand sich eine initiale Trefferzahl von 791 Publikationen. Nach Lesen von Titel und Abstract kamen noch 62 Texte infrage. Nach Sichtung des Volltexts wurden 40 Studien in dieses Review einbezogen.

Ergebnisse
Studienergebnisse lagen aus Nord- und Südamerika, Europa, Asien und Ozeanien vor. Es zeigte sich sowohl ein Anstieg als auch eine Reduktion des Alkoholkonsums. Studien, die über mehrere Wellen der Pandemie untersuchten, fanden einen Alkoholanstieg in Relation zur Dauer der Pandemie. Das Binge-Drinking spielte dabei eine große Rolle. Es gab sehr große regionale Unterschiede beim Anstieg des Alkoholkonsums: von ca. 10 % der Befragten auf > 45 %. In den meisten Studien war der Alkoholkonsum bei 40–50 % der Befragten etwa gleich und bei 30–40 % verringerte er sich.

Diskussion
Weitere Studienverläufe unter anhaltender Pandemie sind wichtig. Da die untersuchte Bevölkerung überwiegend im berufstätigen Alter war, erscheinen betriebliche Präventionsmaßnahmen bei erhöhter Stressbelastung für einen Teil der Befragten mit erhöhtem Alkoholkonsum als sinnvoll.
The maximin support method: an extension of the D’Hondt method to approval-based multiwinner elections
Authors: Sánchez-Fernández Luis , Fernández-García Norberto , Fisteus Jesús A. , Brill Markus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe propose the maximin support method, a novel extension of the D’Hondt apportionment method to approval-based multiwinner elections. The maximin support method is a sequential procedure that aims to maximize the voter support of the least supported elected candidate. It can be computed efficiently and satisfies (adjusted versions of) the main properties of the original D’Hondt method: house monotonicity, population monotonicity, and proportional representation. We also establish a close relationship between the maximin support method and alternative D’Hondt extensions due to Phragmén.
Betting market efficiency and prediction in binary choice models
Authors: Koning Ruud H. , Zijm Renske 
Published: April 2022

AbstractImplied winning probabilities are usually derived from betting odds by the normalization: inverse odds are divided by the booksum (sum of the inverse odds) to ensure that the implied probabilities add up to 1. Another, less frequently used method, is Shin’s model, which endogenously accounts for a possible favourite-longshot bias. In this paper, we compare these two methods in two betting markets on soccer games. The method we use for the comparison is new and has two advantages. Unlike the binning method that is used predominantly, it is based on match-level data. The method allows for residual favourite-longshot bias, and also allows for incorporation of match specific variables that may determine the relation between the actual probability of the outcome and the implied winning probabilities. The method can be applied to any probabilistic classification problem. In our application, we find that Shin’s model yields unbiased estimates for the actual probability of outcome in the English Premier League. In the Spanish La Liga, implied probabilities derived from the betting odds using either the method of normalization or Shin’s model suffer from favourite bias: favourites tend to win their matches more frequently than the implied probabilities suggest.
Spaced Retrieval Practice Imposes Desirable Difficulty in Calculus Learning
Authors: Lyle Keith B. , Bego Campbell R. , Ralston Patricia A. S. , Immekus Jason C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAfter being taught how to perform a new mathematical operation, students are often given several practice problems in a single set, such as a homework assignment or quiz (i.e., massed practice). An alternative approach is to distribute problems across multiple homeworks or quizzes, increasing the temporal interval between practice (i.e., spaced practice). Spaced practice has been shown to increase the long-term retention of various types of mathematics knowledge. Less clear is whether spacingdecreasesperformance during practice, with some studies indicating that it does and others indicating it does not. To increase clarity, we tested whether spacing produces long-term retention gains, but short-term practice costs, in a calculus course. On practice quizzes, students worked problems on various learning objectives in either massed fashion (3 problems on a single quiz) or spaced fashion (3 problems across 3 quizzes). Spacing increased retention of learning objectives on an end-of-semester test but reduced performance on the practice quizzes. The reduction in practice performance was nuanced: Spacing reduced performance only on the first two quiz questions, leaving performance on the third question unaffected. We interpret these findings as evidence that spacing led to more protracted, but ultimately more robust, learning. We, therefore, conclude that spacing imposes a desirable form of difficulty in calculus learning.
Management of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: from neurohormonal antagonists to empagliflozin
Authors: Aimo Alberto , Senni Michele , Barison Andrea , Panichella Giorgia , Passino Claudio , Bayes-Genis Antoni , Emdin Michele 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a highly prevalent syndrome with multifaceted pathophysiology. All approaches to neurohormonal modulation were shown not to improve survival in HFpEF, despite their well-established efficacy in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). This might be attributed to suboptimal study design, inadequate diagnostic criteria, or statistical power, but is also likely to reflect a lack of consideration for its clinical heterogeneity. The attention then shifted to the phenotypic heterogeneity of HFpEF, with the ultimate goal of developing therapies tailored to individual patient phenotypes. Recently, the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) empagliflozin has been found to reduce the combined risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF in patients with HFpEF, a result driven by a reduction in HF hospitalizations. This paper recapitulates the journey from the failure of trials on neurohormonal antagonists to the attempts of personalized approaches and the new perspectives of SGLT2i therapy for HFpEF.
Data Evolution in Times of Crisis: an Organisational Mindfulness Perspective
Authors: Flynn Ger , Nagle Tadhg , Fitzgerald Ciara 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic illustrates that we are never far away from situations that have a scale and impact, which are difficult to predict. Positioned at the intersection of crisis management and resilience, this insider case-study provides the opportunity for a more complete understanding of the organisation-adversity relationship (Williams et al., 2017), by focusing on the third Covid19 wave in Ireland (Dec 2020) and resulting response by an Intensive Care Unit crisis team. The study examines the evolution of seven data supply chains that were developed to support the ICU crisis team through the surge of cases which put the highest level of strain on the Irish health system since the pandemic began. The study focuses on 289 data reviews, which triggered 63 changes each requiring a new iteration of a data supply chain. Incorporating Organisational Mindfulness as the theoretical framework, the study provides an insight into the realities of data management during a crisis but also provides a rich awareness of the complexities of data management that often go unrecognised. In doing so, the study contributes the concept of ‘mindful data’, which aids managers to understand the key characteristics of resilient data supply chains. The study also provides a rare first-hand insight into how mindful data was constructed, presented, and evolved into an essential element within the critical care environment.
Convergence of the electronic density for a target region in cluster models of a NH$$_3$$ molecular crystal
Authors: Hutcheson Anders , Høyvik Ida-Marie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper we illustrate the advantage of addressing size-intensive properties of target regions without first converging the ground-state energy of that region. We use local occupied and virtual orbitals to separate the orbital space of NH$$_3$$

3

clusters into an orbital space for the target region (a central NH$$_3$$

3

molecule) and for the remaining cluster. Convergence characteristics of the Hartree–Fock (HF) energy and, indirectly, the electronic density of the target region are shown. The calculations illustrate that although the energy of the target region will not converge with cluster size, the electronic density will. The convergence of the electronic density of the target region is subsequently exploited to obtain HF dipole moments and CC2-in-HF vertical excitation energies. For these properties convergence is seen upon the inclusion of approximately three shells beyond the target region. This shows that local size-intensive properties of a target region can be investigated without converging the energy. We further show that a minimal basis description of the outer shells are sufficient to capture the correct interaction with the target region. The possibility of computing size-intensive properties for a target region using a converged electronic density, without requiring convergence in the energy itself, is currently an underexploited feature.
Learning biologically-interpretable latent representations for gene expression data
Authors: Karagiannaki Ioulia , Gourlia Krystallia , Lagani Vincenzo , Pantazis Yannis , Tsamardinos Ioannis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMolecular gene-expression datasets consist of samples with tens of thousands of measured quantities (i.e., high dimensional data). However, lower-dimensional representations that retain the useful biological information do exist. We present a novel algorithm for such dimensionality reduction called Pathway Activity Score Learning (PASL). The major novelty of PASL is that the constructed features directly correspond to known molecular pathways (genesets in general) and can be interpreted aspathway activity scores. Hence, unlike PCA and similar methods, PASL’s latent space has a fairly straightforward biological interpretation. PASL is shown to outperform in predictive performance the state-of-the-art method (PLIER) on two collections of breast cancer and leukemia gene expression datasets. PASL is also trained on a large corpus of 50000 gene expression samples to construct a universal dictionary of features across different tissues and pathologies. The dictionary validated on 35643 held-out samples for reconstruction error. It is then applied on 165 held-out datasets spanning a diverse range of diseases. The AutoML tool JADBio is employed to show that the predictive information in the PASL-created feature space is retained after the transformation. The code is available athttps://github.com/mensxmachina/PASL.