bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticipatory grief prevalence among caregivers of persons with a life-threatening illness: A meta-analysis
Authors: Kustanti Christina Yeni , Chu Hsin , Kang Xiao Linda , Pien Li-Chung , Chen Ruey , Tsai Hsiu-Ting , Chou Kuei-Ru 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesCaring for a family member with a life-threatening illness may lead to increased levels of psychological morbidity. Given the lack of recognition of caregivers’ grief, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of anticipatory grief disorders in caregivers of persons with a life-threatening illness for better intervention and management.MethodsCINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, Medline, PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched up to 21 March 2021 without language and time restrictions. The quality of the included studies was assessed with Hoy’s criteria. A random-effects model was applied to calculate pooled prevalence rates, and multi-regression was performed to examine heterogeneity among studies.ResultsA total of 3278 citations were retrieved, and 18 studies met the eligibility criteria involving 5470 caregivers. The pooled prevalence of anticipatory grief was 24.78% (95% CI 19.04% to 30.99%). The prevalence rates were significantly higher in female caregivers (16.64%; 95% CI 12.24% to 21.53%) compared with male caregivers (6.11%; 95% CI 4.55% to 7.87%). The married group also had a higher risk (14.66%; 95% CI 10.66% to 19.16%) than single group (5.47%; 95% CI 4.31% to 6.76%).ConclusionsThe overall pooled prevalence is substantially higher compared with after-loss grief in the general population and supported the presumptions that preloss grief has a greater magnitude compared with after-loss grief. Bereavement support, educational programmes and relevant resources should be delivered even before the actual loss to address the burden of caregivers.
Healthcare resource utilisation and medical costs for children with interstitial lung diseases (chILD) in Europe
Authors: Seidl Elias , Schwerk Nicolaus , Carlens Julia , Wetzke Martin , Cunningham Steve , Emiralioğlu Nagehan , Kiper Nural , Lange Joanna , Krenke Katarzyna , Ullmann Nicola , Krikovszky Dora ,   the chILD-EU collaborators, Maqhuzu Phillen , Griese Charlotte A , Schwarzkopf Larissa , Griese Matthias 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundNo data on healthcare utilisation and associated costs for the many rare entities of children’s interstitial lung diseases (chILD) exist. This paper portrays healthcare utilisation structures among individuals with chILD, provides a pan-European estimate of a 3-month interval per-capita costs and delineates crucial cost drivers.MethodsBased on longitudinal healthcare resource utilisation pattern of 445 children included in the Kids Lung Register diagnosed with chILD across 10 European countries, we delineated direct medical and non-medical costs of care per 3-month interval. Country-specific utilisation patterns were assessed with a children-tailored modification of the validated FIMA questionnaire and valued by German unit costs. Costs of care and their drivers were subsequently identified via gamma-distributed generalised linear regression models.ResultsDuring the 3 months prior to inclusion into the registry (baseline), the rate of hospital admissions and inpatient days was high. Unadjusted direct medical per capita costs (€19 818) exceeded indirect (€1 907) and direct non-medical costs (€1 125) by far. Country-specific total costs ranged from €8 713 in Italy to €28 788 in Poland. Highest expenses were caused by the disease categories ‘diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD)-diffuse developmental disorders’ (€45 536) and ‘DPLD-unclear in the non-neonate’ (€47 011). During a follow-up time of up to 5 years, direct medical costs dropped, whereas indirect costs and non-medical costs remained stable.ConclusionsThis is the first prospective, longitudinal study analysing healthcare resource utilisation and costs for chILD across different European countries. Our results indicate that chILD is associated with high utilisation of healthcare services, placing a substantial economic burden on health systems.
Interactive effects between cover crop management and the environment modulate benefits to cash crop yields: a meta-analysis
Authors: Bourgeois Bérenger , Charles Anaïs , Van Eerd Laura L. , Tremblay Nicolas , Lynch Derek , Bourgeois Gaétan , Bastien Maxime , Bélanger Valérie , Landry Christine , Vanasse Anne 
Published: February 2022

Several governmental programs have been established throughout Canada to foster agriculture sustainability. As a best management practice, cover crops (CCs) limit soil erosion and prevent nutrient losses in agroecosystems. Yet, the variable effects of CCs on cash crop productivity previously reported may limit their large-scale adoption by farmers. To address this variability, we conducted an unweighted meta-analysis including 2274 observations from 86 field studies conducted under humid temperate climate to evaluate yield response to CCs for three annual cash crops. Overall, CCs increased corn and small grain cereal yields by 13% and 22% respectively, but did not affect soybean yield. Legume CCs alone or mixed with grasses provided the highest small grain cereal and corn yield increases compared with non-legume broadleaf and grass CCs. CC benefits increased with nitrogen (N) content in CC aboveground biomass but decreased when N fertilizer inputs applied to corn exceeded 60 kg N ha−1. Greater precipitation and N fertilizer inputs reduced the negative effect of grass CCs on corn yield, while benefits of legume CCs were highly resilient to precipitation variations. CC benefits on corn yield increased through time and at low soil organic matter content, especially at low N fertilizer inputs. These results evidence the complex interplay between cash crop productivity, CC management, and environmental factors — related to N inputs from CCs, changes in soil properties (e.g., increased organic matter, improved soil structure or microbial activity), or potential competition for water under drier conditions — which provide new perspectives to promote CC inclusion in cropping systems.
Islands in Kaluza–Klein black holes
Authors: Lu Yizhou , Lin Jiong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe newly proposed island formula for entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation is applied to spherically symmetric 4-dimensional eternal Kaluza–Klein (KK) black holes. The “charge” Q of KK black holes quantifies its deviation from Schwarzschild black holes. The impact of Q on the island is studied at late times. The late-time island, whose boundary is located outside but within a Planckian distance of the horizon, is slightly extended by Q. While the no-island entropy grows linearly, the late-time entanglement entropy is given by island configuration with twice the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy. Thus we reproduce the Page curve for the eternal KK black holes. Compared with Schwarzschild results, the Page time is delayed by a factor $$(1+Q/r_h)$$

(
1
+
Q
/

r
h

)

and the scrambling time is prolonged by a factor $$(1+Q/r_h)^{1/2}$$

(
1
+
Q
/

r
h

)

1
/
2

. Moreover, the higher-dimensional generalization is presented. Skeptically, there are Planck length scales involved, in which a semi-classical description may break down.
$$(2+1)$$-dimensional black holes of Einstein’s theory with Born–Infeld type electrodynamic sources
Authors: Ali Askar , Saifullah Khalid 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA new family of $$(2+1)$$

(
2
+
1
)

-dimensional black holes are investigated in the background of Born–Infeld type theories coupled to a Riemannian curved spacetime. We know that both the scale and dual invariances are violated for these nonlinear electromagnetic theories. In this set-up, first we consider a pure magnetic source in a model of exponential electrodynamics and find a magnetically charged $$(2+1)$$

(
2
+
1
)

-dimensional black hole solution in terms of magnetic charge q and nonlinearity parameter $$\beta $$
β
. In the second case we consider a pure electric source of gravity in the framework of arcsin electrodynamics and derive the associated $$(2+1)$$

(
2
+
1
)

-dimensional black hole solution in terms of electric charge Q and the parameter $$\beta $$
β
. The asymptotic behaviour of the solutions at infinity as well as at $$r\rightarrow 0$$

r
→
0

in both the frameworks is discussed. The asymptotic expressions of curvature invariants in the case of exponential electrodynamics shows that there exists a finite value of curvature at the origin, while in arcsin electrodynamics, the corresponding asymptotic behaviour shows that there is a true curvature singularity at the centre of the charged object. Furthermore, thermodynamics of the resulting charged black holes within the context of both the models is studied. It is shown that the thermodynamic quantities corresponding to these objects satisfy the first law of black hole thermodynamics.
Teaching Effect Evaluation System of Ideological and Political Teaching Based on Supervised Learning
Authors: Tian Yihao 
Published: February 2022

University students face immense challenges in current situations in ideological and political research. Therefore, the way ideological work constantly needs to be adapted, and the exchange of advanced experience strengthened to increase ideological and political education (IPE) in universities. Specific methods of university administration may include only ideological and political courses. Courses information and student grades did not conduct an ideological or political evaluation of the student. They assessed the psychological behaviors of the student based on their success, nor did them include clear information on the course schedule for specific ideological and political courses. This article, Supervised learning-based teaching evaluation approach (SL-TEA), has been proposed to focus on supervised learning from ideas about machine learning technology and the current IPE status, to be developed using a brief analysis procedure. Supervised learning uses a practice set to provide the necessary quality through teaching models. Inputs and correct outputs that allow the model to learn over time are part of this training data. The study uses the system of experts to manage, operate and monitor model evaluation data and create a related database for a real-time update. Besides, to check the impact of the model and to run simulation tests. This study SL-TEA model follows the real needs of the system that the ideological and political teaching content of colleges and colleges can be evaluated. Thus, the experimental results show the better performance through the highest student accuracy ratio of 97.1 %, a high-performance ratio of 94.3%, improved political thinking rate of 92.8%, improved actual positive rate of 90.2%, the false-positive rate of 92.2%, enhance learning rate of 96.6% and reduce the error rate 21.2%, compared to other methods.
Biomarkers of Glucose Homeostasis and Inflammation with Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Case–Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Ying , Gapstur Susan M. , Newton Christina C. , McCullough Marjorie L. , Pollak Michael N. , Campbell Peter T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground:Few prospective studies have examined biomarkers of glucose homeostasis or inflammation with prostate cancer risk by tumor stage or grade.Methods:We conducted a case–cohort study to examine associations of prediagnosis hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), C-peptide, and C-reactive protein (CRP) with prostate cancer risk overall and stratified by tumor stage and grade. The study included 390 nonaggressive (T1–2, N0, M0, and Gleason score &lt;8) and 313 aggressive cases (T3–4, or N1, or M1, or Gleason score 8–10) diagnosed after blood draw (1998–2001) and up to 2013, and a random subcohort of 1,303 cancer-free men at blood draw in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort. Prentice-weighted Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results:In the multivariable-adjusted model without body mass index, HbA1c was inversely associated with nonaggressive prostate cancer (HR per unit increase, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80–1.00; P = 0.04). Analyses stratified by tumor stage and grade separately showed that HbA1c was inversely associated with low-grade prostate cancer (HR per unit increase, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80–1.00) and positively associated with high-grade prostate cancer (HR per unit increase, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01–1.30). C-peptide and CRP were not associated with prostate cancer overall or by stage or grade.Conclusions:The current study suggests that associations of hyperglycemia with prostate cancer may differ by tumor grade and stage.Impact:Future studies need to examine prostate cancer by tumor stage and grade, and to better understand the role of hyperglycemia in prostate cancer progression.
cfTrack: A Method of Exome-Wide Mutation Analysis of Cell-free DNA to Simultaneously Monitor the Full Spectrum of Cancer Treatment Outcomes Including MRD, Recurrence, and Evolution
Authors: Li Shuo , Zeng Weihua , Ni Xiaohui , Zhou Yonggang , Stackpole Mary L. , Noor Zorawar S. , Yuan Zuyang , Neal Adam , Memarzadeh Sanaz , Garon Edward B. , Dubinett Steven M. , Li Wenyuan , Zhou Xianghong Jasmine 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurpose:Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) offers a noninvasive approach to monitor cancer. Here we develop a method using whole-exome sequencing (WES) of cfDNA for simultaneously monitoring the full spectrum of cancer treatment outcomes, including minimal residual disease (MRD), recurrence, evolution, and second primary cancers.Experimental Design:Three simulation datasets were generated from 26 patients with cancer to benchmark the detection performance of MRD/recurrence and second primary cancers. For further validation, cfDNA samples (n = 76) from patients with cancer (n = 35) with six different cancer types were used for performance validation during various treatments.Results:We present a cfDNA-based cancer monitoring method, named cfTrack. Taking advantage of the broad genome coverage of WES data, cfTrack can sensitively detect MRD and cancer recurrence by integrating signals across known clonal tumor mutations of a patient. In addition, cfTrack detects tumor evolution and second primary cancers by de novo identifying emerging tumor mutations. A series of machine learning and statistical denoising techniques are applied to enhance the detection power. On the simulation data, cfTrack achieved an average AUC of 99% on the validation dataset and 100% on the independent dataset in detecting recurrence in samples with tumor fractions ≥0.05%. In addition, cfTrack yielded an average AUC of 88% in detecting second primary cancers in samples with tumor fractions ≥0.2%. On real data, cfTrack accurately monitors tumor evolution during treatment, which cannot be accomplished by previous methods.Conclusions:Our results demonstrated that cfTrack can sensitively and specifically monitor the full spectrum of cancer treatment outcomes using exome-wide mutation analysis of cfDNA.
A Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen—Targeted Near-Infrared Conjugate for Identifying Pulmonary Squamous Cell Carcinoma during Resection
Authors: Kennedy Gregory T. , Azari Feredun S. , Bernstein Elizabeth , Nadeem Bilal , Chang Ashley E. , Segil Alix , Sullivan Neil , Marfatia Isvita , Din Azra , Desphande Charuhas , Kucharczuk John C. , Low Philip S. , Singhal Sunil 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common lung cancer subtype and has a low 5-year survival rate at 17.6%. Complete resection with negative margins can be curative, but a high number of patients suffer early postoperative recurrence due to inadequate disease clearance at the index operation. Intraoperative molecular imaging (IMI) with tumor-targeted optical contrast agents is effective in improving resection completeness for other tumor types, but there are no IMI tracers targeted to pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma. In this report, we describe the use of a novel prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted near-infrared conjugate (OTL78) to identify pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma. We identified PSMA as a viable target by examining its expression in human lung tumor specimens from a surgical cohort. Ninety-four percent of tumors expressed PSMA in either the pulmonary squamous cells or the tumor neovasculature. Using in vitro and in vivo models, we found that OTL78 reliably localized pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma in a PSMA-dependent manner. Finally, we found that IMI with OTL78 markedly improved surgeons' ability to identify residual disease after surgery in a preclinical model. Ultimately, this novel optical tracer may aid surgical resection of pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma and potentially improve long-term outcomes.
Branching Copy-Number Evolution and Parallel Immune Profiles across the Regional Tumor Space of Resected Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Petersson Alexandra , Andersson Natalie , Hau Sofie Olsson , Eberhard Jakob , Karlsson Jenny , Chattopadhyay Subhayan , Valind Anders , Elebro Jacob , Nodin Björn , Leandersson Karin , Gisselsson David , Jirström Karin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a highly lethal disease. The only option for curative treatment is resection of the tumor followed by standard adjuvant chemotherapy. Yet, early relapse due to chemoresistance is almost inevitable. Herein, we delineated the genetic intratumor heterogeneity in resected PDAC, with the aim to identify evolutionary patterns that may be associated with overall survival (OS) following treatment with curative intent. Potential relationships with the adjacent immune microenvironment were also examined. The genetic and immune landscapes of the regional tumor space were analyzed in nine patients with resected PDAC. Targeted deep sequencing and genome wide SNP array were followed by clonal deconvolution and phylogenetic analysis. A mathematical complexity score was developed to calculate the network extent of each phylogeny. Spatial variation in abundancy and tumor nest infiltration of immune cells was analyzed by double IHC staining. Copy-number heterogeneity was denoted as the major contributing factor to the branching architectures of the produced phylogenetic trees. Increased tree complexity was significantly inversely associated with OS, and larger regional maximum aberrations (higher treetops) were associated with increased PD-L1 expression on tumor cells. Contrastingly, an FREM1 gene amplification, found in one patient, coincided with a particularly vigorous immune response. Findings from this limited case series suggest that complex evolutionary patterns may be associated with a shorter survival in surgically treated patients with PDAC. Some hypothesis-generating associations with the surrounding immune microenvironment were also detected.

Implications:
Evolutionary copy-number patterns may be associated with survival in patients with resected PDAC.
“Le Passeur d’eau” de Émile Verhaeren: o apelo de uma nova poética
Authors: Cabral Maria de Jesus 
Published: February 2022

Tradução de Bruno Anselmi Matangrano
No itinerário poético de Émile Verhaeren (1855-1916), “Le Passeur d’eau” [O barqueiro] – assim como toda a série de Villages illusoires [Aldeias ilusórias] – aparece, sob vários aspectos, como um poema de transição, entre as primeiras obras do poeta – a célebre “Trilogia negra” impregnada pelo pessimismo schopenhauriano – e a poesia “social” de Campagnes hallucinées [Campos alucinados], nova etapa de uma obra doravante aberta a uma humanidade em plena “revolução”. Partindo de uma anotação do escritor, este artigo pretende destacar como a temática da água, fonte de vida, associada ao esforço cotidiano do barqueiro, à energia humana e à esperança sempre renovados, adquire uma dimensão fortemente simbólica. A água, reflexo da criação na qual o gesto do barqueiro ao leme de sua embarcação e o poeta tornam-se um só, articula de maneira evidente a poética e a ética, configurando uma obra “loucamente” voltada para o futuro, no momento-chave do primeiro grande crescimento da literatura e das artes na Bélgica francófona.
Cardiac Power Output Is Independently and Incrementally Associated With Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Harada Tomonari , Yamaguchi Miho , Omote Kazunori , Iwano Hiroyuki , Mizuguchi Yoshifumi , Amanai Shiro , Yoshida Kuniko , Kato Toshimitsu , Kurosawa Koji , Nagai Toshiyuki , Negishi Kazuaki , Anzai Toshihisa , Obokata Masaru 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Cardiac power output is a measure of cardiac performance, and its prognostic significance has been shown in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. Patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction may have altered cardiac performance, but the prognostic relevance of cardiac power output is unknown. This study sought to determine the association between cardiac power output and clinical outcomes in HF with preserved ejection fraction and to compare its prognostic effect to other measures of cardiac performance including ventricular-arterial coupling and mechanical efficiency.

Methods:
Cardiac power output normalized to left ventricular mass was assessed by echocardiography in 408 patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction. Load-independent contractility (end-systolic elastance), arterial elastance, its coupling (arterial elastance/end-systolic elastance), left ventricular global longitudinal strain, and mechanical efficiency (stroke work/pressure-volume area) were also estimated noninvasively. The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular mortality or HF hospitalization.

Results:

The primary composite outcome occurred in 84 patients during a median follow-up of 19.4 months. There was a dose-dependent association between cardiac power output and the composite outcomes, in which patients with the lowest tertile of cardiac power output had >3-fold risk than those with the highest tertile (hazard ratio, 3.04 [95% CI, 1.66–5.57];
P
=0.0003). In a multivariable model, lower cardiac power output was independently associated with adverse outcomes (hazard ratio, 0.70 per 1 SD [95% CI, 0.49–0.97];
P
=0.03). In contrast, left ventricular size, end-systolic elastance, arterial elastance, arterial elastance/end-systolic elastance ratio, and left ventricular mechanical efficiency were not associated with outcomes. Cardiac power output provided an incremental prognostic effect over the model based on clinical (age, gender, diastolic blood pressure, and atrial fibrillation) and echocardiographic markers (left atrial size, pulmonary pressures, global longitudinal strain, and the ratio of early diastolic mitral inflow velocity to early diastolic mitral annular tissue velocity;
P
=0.03).

Conclusions:
In patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction, cardiac power output was independently and incrementally associated with adverse outcomes whereas other markers of cardiac performance were not.