bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cross-sectional study of clinical, dermoscopic, histopathological, and molecular patterns of scalp melanoma in patients with or without androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Porto Ana Carolina , Blumetti Tatiana Pinto , Calsavara Vinícius Fernando , Torrezan Giovana Tardin , de Paula Cláudia Alessandra Andrade , Lellis Rute , Neto João Pedreira Duprat , Carraro Dirce Maria , Braga Juliana Casagrande Tavoloni 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Scalp melanoma (SM) has a worse prognosis than melanoma in other locations likely because of late diagnosis due to hair coverage, difficulties in interpreting dermoscopy findings, and its unique molecular profile. We aimed to describe the clinical, histopathological, molecular, and dermoscopic patterns of SM and its relation to androgenetic alopecia/elastosis at the tumor site. Through a retrospective cross-sectional study, we identified all SM diagnosed at the A.C.Camargo Cancer Center between 2008 and 2018. In all, 48 SM were analyzed: 45.8% of which exhibited moderate/severe androgenetic alopecia and 54.1% exhibited elastosis. Androgenetic alopecia/elastosis at the site of the SM was associated with older age (p < 0.001), chronic sun damage (p < 0.001), lentigo maligna subtype (p = 0.029), and photodamaged dermoscopic pattern (p < 0.001). Additionally, 41 cases were evaluated with a 14-gene panel: 53.7% displayed mutations and 46.3% were wild-type. BRAF mutations were most common (77%), with BRAF V600K being more frequent (50%) than BRAF V600E (31.2%). The NF1 gene was evaluated in 40 samples, of which 20% exhibited mutations. SM presents differently in areas covered by hair compared to in areas with androgenetic alopecia. Patients without alopecia may have higher Breslow thickness due to late diagnosis because of hair concealment. The high frequency of detrimental mutations can also explain the poor prognosis of SM.
Impostor Phenomenon is Prevalent in Registered Dietitians: An Exploratory Survey
Authors: Hernandez Jennifer , Lopez Nanette V 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Currently a hot topic in popular media, impostor phenomenon, also referred to as imposter syndrome, was initially identified among high achieving women who feel undeserving of their successes because they were earned through luck or chance, rather than skill or experience. Prevalence has been identified in many health professions; however, there are no known studies of Registered Dietitians' (RDs) perceptions of impostor phenomenon. This study assesses the following among RDs: (1) prevalence of impostor phenomenon and (2) differences in impostor phenomenon based on highest educational level achieved and years of experience as an RD.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was sent electronically to 5,000 RDs credentialed by the Commission on Dietetic Registration in the United States. Respondents’ agreement with 20 impostor phenomenon statements from the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale were measured. The sum score from the scale was used to classify levels of impostor phenomenon. Descriptive statistics and chi square analyses for comparison were evaluated.
Results
Of the 445 (9%) who began the survey, 266 (5%) completed it and were included in analyses. Over 76% reported at least moderate impostorism. No difference was seen based on educational level (p = .898); however, those with less than five years’ experience identified higher impostor phenomenon (p < .05). Among those with five to 39 years’ experience, over 40% reported moderate impostorism.
Conclusion
Impostor phenomenon is prevalent among Registered Dietitians. Moderate impostorism was pervasive among all those with less than 40 years’ experience and could potentially negatively impact professional practice and patient outcomes. Future research could explore ways to reduce moderate impostor phenomenon in RDs.
Practice makes perfect: Development of microsurgical skills for cataract surgery using a surgical simulator
Authors: Masnik Klara , Pulko Nejc , Sarenac Tomislav , Gracner Tomaz 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUNDOphthalmological procedures are difficult to master due to the complexity of ophthalmological skills. Simulation offers a great opportunity for unlimited practice in a controlled environment. Therefore, simulation is becoming an important part of novel medical curricula. We conducted a prospective randomized controlled study to demonstrate the effects of structured cataract surgery training on the development of eye-hand coordination. METHODSTwenty-eight medical students were randomized to experimental and control groups. Each student completed 4-week structured training on The Eyesi Ophthalmic Surgical Simulator. The control group performed one training the 1st and the 4th week of the study (2 training sessions) and the experimental group completed one training each week of the study (4 training sessions). Every training was composed of 5 different tasks (3 abstract and 2 clinical). In task 1 students practiced basic instrument navigation and in task 2 microsurgical forceps manipulation. In task 3 they performed antitremor training. In clinical tasks, students performed capsulorhexis with premade flap in task 4. In task 5 they had to create a flap themselves. RESULTSThere was no statistical difference in performance between the groups on the first training. Control group improved their score for 16.6 % on their last (second) training and experimental group improved their score for 38.7 % on their last (fourth) training.Comparing last trainings, control group improved their result in tasks 1 and 2, whereas experimental group improved their result in all tasks.CONCLUSIONSWe showed that structured training on a cataract surgery simulator improves students’ microsurgical skills. Both groups improved their performance on the last training. Experimental group with more repetitions surpassed control group with fewer training sessions. Two training sessions were enough to achieve significant improvement in abstract tasks only. However, four repetitions were enough to significantly improve in all tasks. Our study certifies the positive impact of simulator training on microsurgical skills needed in cataract surgery. Furthermore, it shows that such skills could be achieved in students with no preceding cataract training in vivo.
Assessment of kinetic modeling for oxidation of humic substances in mature landfill leachate by solar photocatalysis using ZnO–TiO2
Authors: Nohara Nicoly Milhardo Lourenço , Filho Helcio José Izário , Siqueira Adriano Francisco , de Aguiar Leandro Gonçalves , de Oliveira Gabriel Caracciolo Koenigkam , Nohara Evandro Luís , Alcântara Marco Aurélio Kondracki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The treatment of leachate from landfills is an important issue from an environmental point of view, as such leachates are classified as hazardous materials. This issue has received the attention of researchers in several regions of the world, especially in developing countries. Conventional biological treatment of leachate from mature landfills has not yielded consistent results, mainly because of the recalcitrance of humic substances. Little is known about the kinetic complexity of leachate treatment by oxidative methods, representing a barrier to process scale-up from benchtop experiments. In this study, a modeling approach was applied to describe the photodegradation of humic substances in a plug flow reactor connected to a stirred tank. The kinetic model provided an R2 of 0.974. Rate constants for humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids + humans (FAH) were 2.96 and 1.03 × 10− 3 min− 1, respectively. Statistical models for the degradation reaction had R2 values of 0.96 for HA and 0.99 for FAH. Both approaches indicated that HA degradation is greater at acidic pH and higher TiO2 concentrations. FAH degradation was favored by acidic pH and higher ZnO concentrations. Statistical models showed the same significant difference in conversion between replicate runs, suggesting a uniform diffusion of fractions through catalysts.
Improved False-Negative Rates Using a Novel Patient Selection Flowchart in Initially Biopsy-Proven Node-Positive Breast Cancer undergoing Blue-Dye Alone Guided Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Chen Minyan , Li Shengmei , Huang Meng , Guo Jingjing , Huang Xuan , Guo Wenhui , Chen Lili , Lin Yuxiang , Jacobs Lisa , Wang Chuan , Fu Fangmeng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Current trials support the application of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in node-positive breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with a lower false negative rate (FNR) if dual-tracer (radioisotope and blue-dye) is used. However, radioisotopes are not available in many areas of the world. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility and accuracy of SLNB mapped with methylene-blue-dye alone. Methods: This study enrolled 132 patients with biopsy-proven node-positive breast cancer with a clip placed in the positive node who then received NAC. After chemotherapy and before operation, all patients underwent axillary ultrasound (AUS) assessment and were classified as either negative (AUS-) or positive (AUS+) according to the axillary status. All patients underwent both SLNB and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). SLNB was mapped with methylene-blue-dye alone. FNRs were evaluated on factors potentially affecting false-negative SLN finding.Results: Using methylene-blue-dye alone, the FNR of SLNB was 9.9%. Post-NAC AUS assessment (p=0.009), number of SLNs retrieved (p=0.029), and the retrieved of the clipped node (p=0.086), showed association with FNRs in multivariate analysis. In AUS- group, FNR was as low as 2.5%. In AUS+ group, retrieving ≥4 SLNs including the clipped node improved FNR from 17.1% to 4.8%. A flowchart was designed with the combination of post-NAC AUS assessment, retrieved SLN number, and the retrieved of clipped node further improve overall FNR to 3.3%. Conclusion: In biopsy-proven node-positive breast cancer treated with NAC, using a flowchart to optimize patient selection reduces the FNR of single-tracer (methylene-blue-dye) guided SLNB.
Evaluation of risk factors, causative pathogens, and treatment in recurrent percutaneous nephrostomy catheter-related urinary tract infections in cancer patients
Authors: Mert Duygu , Iskender Gulsen , Kolgelier Servet , Ertek Mustafa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction:
In cancer patients, percutaneous nephrostomy (PN) catheters can be used to relieve obstruction from chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery, thereby improving kidney function and preventing further kidney damage. One of the complications of PN catheters is infections. Recurrent infections may delay chemotherapy, increase antimicrobial resistance with frequent antibiotic use, deteriorate the quality of life of patients, and increase costs. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate risk factors, causative pathogens, and treatment in recurrent PN catheter-related urinary tract infections in cancer patients.
Material and method:
The study had a retrospective design. Cancer patients with PN catheter-associated urinary tract infection who were followed-up in the Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Clinic between 01/01/2012 and 12/31/2021 were included in the study. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows 24.0 was used to compare the statistical data.
Results
The study included 48 patients with recurrent PN catheter-related urinary tract infections and 75 patients without. The total catheterization time, and occurrence of pre-infection catheter replacement, active chemotherapy, and kidney stones were significantly higher in patients with recurrent infection when compared to the other group (P = 0.000, P = 0.000, P = 0.007, and P = 0.018, respectively). ESBL-positive Escherichia coli and ESBL-positive K. pneumoniae were most commonly isolated from the left and right PN catheter urine cultures of patients with recurrent infections. The most commonly used antibiotic in the treatment was ertapenem, followed by meropenem.
Discussion
Long-term use of the PN catheter increases the risk of urinary tract infection and sepsis. In this study, the total catheterization time, and occurrence of pre-infection catheter replacement, active chemotherapy, and kidney stones were found to be risk factors for the development of recurrent PN catheter-related urinary tract infection in cancer patients.
Conclusion
It is important to know the risk factors in recurrent PN catheter-related urinary tract infections in cancer patients, take maximum protective measures, and follow-up. Knowing both the causative profile and the resistance rates will increase the chance of success in the treatment when empirical treatment is required. It should also be noted that these patients should be included in the group of patients who need prophylaxis for urinary tract infection.
A Multimodal Imaging Approach to Assess the Quantitative Biodistribution of a Liposomal Nanoformulation with the antibiotic GSK2485680 (Lipo680)
Authors: Cheng Shih-Hsun , Groseclose Reid , Mininger Cindy , Bergstrom Mats , Zhang Lily , Lenhard Steve C. , Skedzielewski Tinamarie , Comroe Debra , Hong Hyundae , Cui Haifeng , Hoover Jennifer L. , Rittenhouse Steve , Castellino Stephen , Jucker Beat M. , Alsaid Hasan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Liposomes are promising targeted drug delivery systems with the potential to improve the efficacy and safety profile of certain classes of drugs. Though attractive, there are unique analytical challenges associated with the development of liposomal drugs including human dose prediction given these are multi-component drug delivery systems. In this study, we developed a multimodal imaging approach to provide a comprehensive distribution assessment for an antibacterial drug, GSK2485680, delivered as a liposomal formulation (Lipo680) in a mouse thigh model of bacterial infection to support human dose prediction. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging was used to track the in vivo biodistribution of Lipo680 over 48h post-injection providing a clear assessment of the uptake in various tissues and, importantly, the selective accumulation at the site of infection. In addition, a pharmacokinetic model was created to evaluate the kinetics of Lipo680 in different tissues. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) was then used to analyze and quantify the distribution of GSK2485680 and a liposomal lipid throughout sections of infected and non-infected thigh tissues at high spatial resolution. Through the combination of both PET and MALDI images, we observed an excellent correlation between the Lipo680-radionuclide signal from PET with GSK2485680 and lipid component signals from MALDI IMS. This multimodal translational method can reduce drug attrition by providing comprehensive biodistribution profiles of drug delivery systems to provide mechanistic insight and elucidate safety concerns. Liposomal formulations have broad potential to deliver therapeutics for other indications, and this work serves as a template to aid in delivering future liposomal drugs to the clinic.
Head lice: Monitoring the spread of insecticide resistance in the United Kingdom (1994-1999) using a simple bioassay method
Authors: Burgess Ian F 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Psocodea: Pediculidae) that failed to respond to pyrethroid insecticide-based treatment products were first identified in London and Cambridge, UK in 1993 after which reports of treatment failure arose throughout the United Kingdom. There was a need for some form of rapid detection method for resistance that could be used at the community level. A laboratory service was set up so that health professionals could send lice by overnight post for bioassay testing for resistance. In addition, test kits were provided so that testing could either be carried out on site or, for highly resistant populations, lice could be shipped to the laboratory on pre-treated test papers so that insecticide exposure could proceed while lice were in transit to the laboratory.Between 1994 and 1999 over 350 samples from 145 locations were tested and during this time populations of lice resistant to pyrethroids, malathion, and carbaryl were identified from all parts of the country, both urban and rural. In some areas lice were only resistant to one of the insecticides available but in other places lice showed tolerance to all three insecticides used at the time.
Different Clinical Characteristics of Current Smokers and Former Smokers with Asthma: A Cross-Sectional Study of Adult Asthma Patients in China
Authors: Chen Zhifeng , Shang Yulin , Ouyang Ruoyun , Yuan Yu , He Yi , Wasti Binaya , Duan Wentao , Jia Jingsi , Xiao Bing , Zhang Dongshan , Liu Shaokun , Song Qing , Zeng Yuqin , Zeng Qingping , Zhang Xiufeng , Li Jianmin , Chen Ping , Ma Libing , Xiang Xudong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
ObjectiveSmoking is a trigger for asthma, which has led to an increase in asthma incidence in China. In smokers, asthma management starts with smoking cessation. Data on predictors of smoking cessation in Chinese patients with asthma are scarce. The objective of this study was to find the differences in clinical characteristics between current smokers and former smokers with asthma in order to identify factors associated with smoking cessation.Patients and MethodsEligible adults with diagnosed asthma from the hospital outpatient clinics (n = 2312) were enrolled and underwent a clinical evaluation, asthma control test (ACT), and pulmonary function test. Information on demographic and sociological data, lung function, laboratory tests, ACT and asthma control questionnaire (ACQ) scores was recorded. Patients were divided into a current smokers group and a former smokers group based on whether they had quit smoking. Correlations of pack-years and years of smoking with clinical parameters were evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors associated with smoking cessation. ResultsOf all patients with asthma, 34.6% were smokers and 65.4% were former smokers, and the mean age was 54.5 ± 11.5 years. Compared with current smokers, the former smokers were older, had more pack-years, had smoked for longer, had heavier dyspnea and had worse asthma control. The Spearman’s rank correlation analysis showed that pack-years and years of smoking were negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1%predicted, FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) and ACT scores, but positively correlated with ACQ scores in all patients. Interestingly, pack-years and years of smoking were negatively correlated with serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), fractionated exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), blood eosinophils, and blood neutrophils in all patients. The logistic regression model showed that smoking cessation was positively correlated with age, female sex, pack-years, years of smoking, FEV1, FEV1/FVC and blood eosinophils, but was negatively correlated with ACT, or widowed status, and body mass index (BMI). ConclusionsMore than 30% of asthma patients in the study were still smoking. Among those who quit smoking, many quit late, often not realizing they need to quit until they have significant breathing difficulties. The predictors of smoking cessation identified in this study indicate that there are still differences between continuing smokers and former smokers, and these predictors should be focused on in asthma smoking cessation interventions to improve the prognosis of patients with asthma.
C698R Lrsam1 knock-in mouse model for CMT2P
Authors: Moiseev Daniel , Wazir Zafar , Liu Donghao , Li Jun , Hu Bo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: Missense mutation C694R in the RING domain of the LRSAM1 gene results in a dominantly inherited peripheral neuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2P (CMT2P). In this study, we have generated a Lrsam1C698R knock-in mouse model, which was extensively characterized. Methods: Mice with a heterozygous Lrsam1+/C698R mutation were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The C698R Lrsam1 knock-in mice were evaluated clinically using Rotarod and hindlimb clasping tests, physiologically by nerve conduction studies, morphologically on nerve sections. Results: Heterozygous (Lrsam1+/C698R) and homozygous knock-in (Lrsam1C698/C698R) mice exhibited normal motor functions on behavioral tests and nerve conduction studies. Axonal density and myelin thickness were not significantly different between mutants and wild-type mice by sciatic nerve morphometric analysis up to 17 months of age. In line with the normal findings in native mice, interactions between mutant LRSAM1 and RNA-binding proteins (such as FUS and G3BP1) were still present in mouse cells, which differs from the disrupted protein-protein interactions in human CMT2P cells. However, after crush nerve injury, Lrsam1+/C698R mice had a mild, but statistically significant, reduced compound nerve action potential (CMAP) and conduction velocity (CV) during recovery.Interpretation: C698R mutation results in mild impairment of nerve regeneration in mice. We speculate that repetitive nerve injuries may, at least partially, contribute to the slowly progressive axonal loss in CMT2P.
Efficiency of chemically activated raw and calcined fish bone for the Adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from polluted water
Authors: Rashed Mohamed Nageeb , Gad Aleya Abd ElMoneam , Fathy Nada Magdy 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Bone biochare is used widely as an adsorbent in water pollution control; because of its high surface area and pore volumes . This study is attempting to prepare a low cost adsorbent (biochare) from the waste fish bone by chemical activation, and uses it for the removal of Pb and Cd from wastewater. Fish bone adsorbent was prepared by two methods, one by activation with different chemical activators include 0.001 M HNO3, 0.1 M NaOH, 0.5 % H2O2, and ethanol ( FB) . The other method by calcination after the chemical activation at 600oC (FB-Hy). The synthesized fish biochare adsorbents were characterized by electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffractometer (XRD), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), BET surface area, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The efficiency of the prepared adsorbents for removal Pb and Cd were investigated as a function of contact time, pH,solution temperature, initial metal concentration, and adsorbent dose. Metal concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy .Results: The results reveal that activation of the fish bone by 0.1 M NaOH is the suitable for the higher adsorption of Pb and Cd than with the other activators. The chemically treated bone adsorbent by 0.1 M NaOH (FB) shows higher removal of Pb and Cd than with that chemically calcinated adsorbent (FB-Hy). The maximum adsorption of Pb and Cd on the chemically prepared adsorbent(FB) were 99.74 and 99.35 % , respectively at optimum conditions. The results of kinetic adsorption obeyed a pseudo-second-order model. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were applied in which the adsorption fitted with the Langmuir isothermConclusion: This study ended with the success for preparing an ecofriendly and low cost fish bone adsorbent from the waste fish bone, and used it for the removal of Pb and Cd from polluted water