bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elderspeak communication and pain severity as modifiable factors to rejection of care in hospital dementia care
Authors: Shaw Clarissa A. , Ward Caitlin , Gordon Jean , Williams Kristine N. , Herr Keela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundRejection of care (RoC) occurs when persons living with dementia (PLWD) withstand or oppose the efforts of their caregiver. Improvements in hospital dementia care are needed, and one way to address this need is by identifying factors that lead to RoC, particularly those that are modifiable. Elderspeak communication is an established antecedent to RoC among PLWD in nursing homes. The purpose of this study was to extend these results to acute care settings by determining the impact of elderspeak communication by nursing staff on RoC by hospitalized PLWD.MethodsCare encounters between nursing staff and PLWD were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded for semantic, pragmatic, and prosodic features of elderspeak. RoC behaviors was scored in real‐time using the Resistiveness to Care Scale. A Bayesian repeated‐measures hurdle model was used to evaluate the association between elderspeak and both the presence and severity of RoC.ResultsEighty‐eight care encounters between 16 PLWD and 53 nursing staff were audio‐recorded for elderspeak and scored for RoC. Nearly all (96.6%) of the encounters included some form of elderspeak. Almost half of the care encounters (48.9%) included RoC behaviors. A 10% decrease in elderspeak was associated with a 77% decrease in odds of RoC (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.68) and a 16% decrease ( 0.84, CI = 0.73, 0.96) in the severity of RoC. A one‐unit decrease in pain severity was associated with 73% reduced odds of RoC (OR = 0.27, CI = 0.12, 0.45) and a 28% decrease ( 0.72, CI = 0.64, 0.80) in the severity of RoC.ConclusionsBoth elderspeak by nursing staff and RoC by PLWD are present and pervasive in acute care. Pain and elderspeak are two modifiable factors of RoC in hospitalized PLWD. Person‐centered interventions are needed that address communication practices and pain management for hospitalized PLWD.
Screening, Treatment, and Monitoring of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy and Postpartum
Authors: Elmore Christina , Ellis Jessica 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIron deficiency anemia is the most prevalent form of anemia worldwide. In the United States, clinicians routinely screen for iron deficiency anemia upon initiation of prenatal care, at the start of the third trimester, and prior to birth. Treatment of iron deficiency anemia generally begins with oral supplementation of elemental iron, which is associated with adverse gastrointestinal effects. These adverse effects can decrease adherence, leading to subtherapeutic treatment. Newer evidence highlights the benefits of early screening for iron deficiency before the onset of anemia, as well as the use of intravenous iron to expedite the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. More research is needed on the potential consequences of over‐supplementation and iron deficiency without anemia to guide treatment. This article reviews the evidence for best practices for screening, treatment, and continued monitoring of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy and postpartum. Maternal, fetal, and neonatal implications are reviewed, as well as the risks and benefits of treatment options. Finally, an evidence‐based algorithm is proposed to guide clinicians on continued monitoring after treatment.
Opinions and experiences of healthcare professionals regarding structured virtual patient visits in ICUs: A qualitative study
Authors: Türkmen Emine , Kebapçı Ayda 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to reveal the experiences of healthcare professionals regarding a structured Virtual Patient Visit (sVPV) program implemented in an ICU during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic and to share the process of establishing the program.DesignThis qualitative, exploratory study was conducted using a semi‐structured, in‐depth interview method.SettingThe study was conducted in a university hospital ICU in Turkey (where a sVPV program was implemented) and comprised one physician, eight nurses, and one clerk who volunteered to participate in the study. The data were evaluated with content analysis, and themes and sub‐themes were determined.FindingsFive themes and 13 subthemes were obtained: (1) an essential program during the pandemic, (2) contributing to patient's recovery, (3) family‐centered care, (4) innovativeness, and (5) sustainability.ConclusionThe results show that the sVPV program is highly innovative and effective and contributed to positive patient outcomes and family‐centered care practices during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In addition, it was revealed that in order to conduct sVPVs effectively, organizational planning, such as legal processes, and the employment of experienced and competent healthcare professionals, should be well managed.Clinical relevanceA well‐designed sVPV program specific to the setting alleviates anxiety among patients and family members, increases patient motivation and healing, and decreases the workloads of healthcare professionals. It is recommended that the sVPV program, which can be easily used during not only COVID‐19 pandemics but also during other crises, be adopted in all ICUs and carried out by a dedicated nurse or healthcare provider.
A blended eHealth intervention for insomnia following acquired brain injury: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ford Marthe E. , Geurtsen Gert J. , Groet Erny , Rambaran Mishre Radha D. , Van Bennekom Coen A. M. , Van Someren Eus J. W. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThe high prevalence and severe consequences of poor sleep following acquired brain injury emphasises the need for an effective treatment. However, treatment studies are scarce. The present study evaluates the efficacy of blended online cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (eCBT‐I) developed specifically for people with acquired brain injury. In a multicentre prospective, open‐label, blinded end‐point randomised clinical trial, 52 participants with insomnia and a history of a stroke or traumatic brain injury were randomised to 6 weeks of guided eCBT‐I or treatment as usual, with a 6‐week follow‐up. The primary outcome measure was the change in insomnia severity between baseline and after treatment, measured with the Insomnia Severity Index. Results showed that insomnia severity improved significantly more with eCBT‐I than with treatment as usual compared to baseline, both at post‐treatment (mean [SEM] 4.0 [1.3] insomnia severity index points stronger decrease, d = 0.96, p < 0.003) and at follow‐up (mean [SEM] 3.2 [1.5] insomnia severity index points, d = −0.78, p < 0.03). In conclusion, our randomised clinical trial shows that blended CBT is an effective treatment for insomnia, and feasible for people with acquired brain injury, regardless of cognitive and psychiatric complaints. Online treatment has major advantages in terms of availability and cost and may contribute to the successful implementation of insomnia treatment for people with acquired brain injuries.
Comparison of a universal (but complex) model for avian egg shape with a simpler model
Authors: Shi Peijian , Gielis Johan , Niklas Karl J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecently, a universal equation by Narushin, Romanov, and Griffin (hereafter, the NRGE) was proposed to describe the shape of avian eggs. While NRGE can simulate the shape of spherical, ellipsoidal, ovoidal, and pyriform eggs, its predictions were not tested against actual data. Here, we tested the validity of the NRGE by fitting actual data of egg shapes and compared this with the predictions of our simpler model for egg shape (hereafter, the SGE). The eggs of nine bird species were sampled for this purpose. NRGE was found to fit the empirical data of egg shape well, but it did not define the egg length axis (i.e., the rotational symmetric axis), which significantly affected the prediction accuracy. The egg length axis under the NRGE is defined as the maximum distance between two points on the scanned perimeter of the egg's shape. In contrast, the SGE fitted the empirical data better, and had a smaller root‐mean‐square error than the NRGE for each of the nine eggs. Based on its mathematical simplicity and goodness‐of‐fit, the SGE appears to be a reliable and useful model for describing egg shape.
Spatial Linkages in Chinese Service and Manufacturing Outward Fdi: Empirical Evidence From the United States
Authors: He Lisha 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTThe characteristics of neighbouring regions, namely third‐region effects, have become major determinants of location decision for FDI. The literature on spatial effects primarily focused on FDI from advanced economies, while it remains unclear to what extent the spatial effects have influenced the location of FDI by different industries from emerging economies in a host country. Using data on Mainland Chinese outward FDI in the United States at the state level from 2005 to 2017 and a spatial Durbin model, this study presents empirical evidence on the positive influence of third‐region effects on location decisions for Chinese OFDI. Specifically, Chinese OFDI in one state complements those in neighbouring states. In addition, manufacturing FDI tends to follow strategic asset seeking and is influenced by third‐region effects, whereas service FDI focuses more on market seeking. Finally, this study shows that social‐cultural networks considerably facilitate Mainland Chinese investments in overseas markets.
Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Phialophora americana in a dog
Authors: Martini Franco , Seehusen Frauke , Krudewig Christiane , Beckmann Katrin M. , Favrot Claude , Fischer Nina M. , Guenova Emmanuella , Rostaher Ana 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Phaeohyphomycosis was diagnosed in a 6‐year‐old, male castrated Dachshund on immunosuppressive treatment. The fungus was identified by culture and PCR as Phialophora americana. This is the first reported case of infection with this pathogen in a dog. The infection was successfully managed medically, without surgical intervention.
Barriers to and Facilitators of Adherence to Prescribed Home Exercise in Older Adults at Risk of Falling in Singapore: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Teng Bernadine , Rosbergen Ingrid C.M. , Gomersall Sjaan R. , Hatton Anna , Brauer Sandra G. 
Published: June 2022

Adherence to prescribed exercise poses significant challenges for older adults despite proven benefits. The aim of this exploratory descriptive qualitative study was to explore the perceived barriers to and facilitators of prescribed home exercise adherence in community-dwelling adults 65 years and older. Three focus groups with 17 older adults (Mage ± SD = 77 ± 5.12) living in Singapore were conducted. Inductive thematic analysis revealed that “the level of motivation” of individuals constantly influenced their exercise adherence (core theme). The level of motivation appeared to be a fluid concept and changed due to interactions with two subthemes: (a) individual factors (exercise needs to be tailored to the individual) and (b) environmental factors (i.e., support is essential). Hence, these factors must be considered when designing strategies to enhance exercise adherence in this vulnerable population. Strategies must be informed by the culturally unique context, in this case, a developed country with a multiethnic urban Asian population.
Phylogeography of the White-Toothed Shrews Crocidura suaveolens and Crocidura sibirica: Searching for the Geographical Homeland
Authors: Gritsyshin V. A. , Artyushin I. V. , Burskaya V. O. , Sheftel B. I. , Lebedev V. S. , Bannikova A. A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We studied the polymorphism of the cytb gene in two forms of the Lesser White-toothed Shrew species complex: Crocidura suaveolens s. stricto and C. sibirica. The haplotypes of C. sibirica are found to be very similar to those of Crocidura suaveolens. They do not belong to a distinct haplogroup. The molecular diversity of the populations in the Asian part of the range is higher than in Eastern Europe. For the combined sample from Asia and Europe together, we revealed a significant signal of population expansion. Analysis of the expansion time showed that the Asian territory was colonized earlier (before the last glacial maximum) than the Eastern Europe (at the very end of the Late Pleistocene and in the early Holocene). The results of the ancestral area reconstruction are consistent with the hypothesis of a Middle Asian origin of the C. suaveolens/C. sibirica group, recent colonization of Inner Asia and later penetration into Eastern Europe.
Family experiences with palliative care in freestanding paediatric hospices: a scoping review
Authors: Dorman Jennifer , Raffin Bouchal Shelley , daSilva Curiel Kathryn , Miller Megan 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundPaediatric palliative care provides supportive care to children with life-threatening or life-limiting illnesses throughout the disease trajectory. Up to 42% of children receiving palliative care in Canada will die within a freestanding paediatric hospice or designated end-of-life care bed. Few studies have assessed families’ experiences of this care within freestanding paediatric hospices.ObjectivesTo find and describe literature relating to family experiences in paediatric hospice palliative care throughout the end-of-life care journey including grief and bereavement.CriteriaInclusion criteria: Children antepartum to 18 years or older if on paediatric palliative care service. Research conducted in freestanding paediatric hospices that focused on families’ experiences and perceptions of end-of-life and grief and bereavement care. Full-text articles available in English.Exclusion criteria: Adult palliative and end-of-life care, respite care, palliative care provided in acute or community settings, professional perspectives, unexpected or sudden child death, pregnancy after loss.Sources of evidenceAcademic Search Complete, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched from database inception until the present. Grey literature was also searched for relevant results.Charting methodsThe scoping review was guided by recommendations from Arksey and O’Malley and Levacet al.ResultsA total of 4250 papers were retrieved, of which 10 met the scoping review criteria. The majority of studies were conducted in the UK. Three major themes emerged: more supportive care for families including grief and bereavement support, the hospice experience itself and future research areas.ConclusionsThere is little literature that focuses specifically on the needs of families within freestanding paediatric hospices. Further examination of the themes identified above provides an opportunity for future research.
Community-based anticipatory prescribing during COVID-19: a qualitative study
Authors: Antunes Bárbara Costa Pereira , Bowers Ben , Barclay Stephen , Gallagher Joshua , Conci Riccardo , Polak Louisa 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesTo understand healthcare professionals’ experiences of delivering anticipatory prescribing (AP) during the first wave of the UK COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsSemistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 16 healthcare professionals involved in community palliative care. Data were analysed inductively using thematic analysis.ResultsSome of practitioners’ fears about the pandemic’s impact on delivering AP had not been realised during the first wave. Among patients with COVID-19 for whom community end-of-life care was deemed appropriate, deaths were perceived to be relatively easy to palliate with standard medications. These deaths were typically too rapid for AP to be appropriate or feasible. For non-COVID deaths, providing timely AP was more challenging: although community nurses and some palliative specialists continued to visit patients regularly, general practitioners did many fewer visits, moving abruptly to mainly remote consultations. This left some community nurses feeling undersupported, and prompted some palliative specialists to increase their direct involvement in AP. Several other changes were widely welcomed: collaboration to maintain drug supplies, adoption of online meetings and paperless practice, enhanced specialist helplines and a new policy allowing reuse of medication in care homes. The inclusion of more non-injectable options in AP protocols allowed clinicians to offer selected patients more choice, but few had yet done this in practice. No participants reported changing their prepandemic practice regarding administration of AP by lay caregivers.ConclusionsAccomplishing AP during a pandemic was challenging, requiring healthcare professionals to make rapid changes to their systems and practices. Some changes may produce lasting improvements.
Clinical frailty and performance scale translation in palliative care: scoping review
Authors: Dewhurst Felicity , Stow Daniel , Paes Paul , Frew Katherine , Hanratty Barbara 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundFrailty is associated with advancing age and increases the risk of adverse outcomes and death. Routine assessment of frailty is becoming more common in a number of healthcare settings, but not in palliative care, where performance scales (eg, the Australia-modified Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (AKPS)) are more commonly employed. A shared understanding of performance and frailty measures could aid interspecialty collaboration in both end-of-life care research and clinical practice.AimsTo identify and synthesise evidence comparing measures of performance routinely collected in palliative care with the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), and create a conversion chart to support interspecialty communication.MethodsA scoping literature review with comprehensive searches of PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid SP, the Cochrane Library and reference lists. Eligible articles compared the CFS with the AKPS, Palliative Performance Scale (PPS), Karnofsky Performance Scale or Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status or compared these performance scales, in patients aged>18 in any setting.ResultsSearches retrieved 3124 articles. Two articles directly compared CFS to the PPS. Thirteen studies translated between different performance scores, facilitating subsequent conversion to CFS, specifically: AKPS/PPS 10/20=very severe frailty, AKPS/PPS 30=severe frailty, AKPS/PPS 40/50=moderate frailty, AKPS/PPS60=mild frailty.ConclusionWe present a tool for converting between the CFS and performance measures commonly used in palliative care. A small number of studies provided evidence for the direct translation between CFS and the PPS. Therefore, more primary evidence is needed from a wider range of population settings, and performance measures to support this conversion.
Unifying theory of carotid plaque disruption based on structural phenotypes and forces expressed at the lumen/wall interface
Authors: Savastano Luis , Mousavi Hossein , Liu Yang , Khalsa Siri Sahib S , Zheng Yihao , Davis Evan , Reddy Adithya , Brinjikji Waleed , Bhambri Ankur , Cockrum Joshua , Pandey Aditya S , Thompson B Gregory , Gordon David , Seibel Eric J , Yonas Howard 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesTo integrate morphological, haemodynamic and mechanical analysis of carotid atheroma driving plaque disruption.Materials and methodsFirst, we analysed the phenotypes of carotid endarterectomy specimens in a photographic dataset A, and matched them with the likelihood of preoperative stroke. Second, laser angioscopy was used to further define the phenotypes in intact specimens (dataset B) and benchmark with histology. Third, representative vascular geometries for each structural phenotype were analysed with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), and the mechanical strength of the complicated atheroma to resist penetrating forces was quantified (n=14).ResultsIn dataset A (n=345), ulceration (fibrous cap disruption) was observed in 82% of all plaques, intraplaque haemorrhage in 68% (93% subjacent to an ulcer) and false luminal formation in 48%. At least one of these ‘rupture’ phenotypes was found in 97% of symptomatic patients (n=69) compared with 61% in asymptomatic patients. In dataset B (n=30), laser angioscopy redemonstrated the structural phenotypes with near-perfect agreement with histology. In CFD, haemodynamic stress showed a large pulse magnitude, highest upstream to the point of maximal stenosis and on ulceration the inflow stream excavates the necrotic core cranially and then recirculates into the true lumen. Based on mechanical testing (n=14), the necrotic core is mechanically weak and penetrated by the blood on fibrous cap disruption.ConclusionsFibrous cap ulceration, plaque haemorrhage and excavation are sequential phenotypes of plaque disruption resulting from the chiselling effect of haemodynamic forces over unmatched mechanical tissue strength. This chain of events may result in thromboembolic events independently of the degree of stenosis.
Landform mapping, elevation modelling, and thaw subsidence estimation for permafrost terrain using a consumer-grade remotely-piloted aircraft
Authors: Oldenborger Greg A. , Bellehumeur-Génier O. , LeBlanc Anne-Marie , McMartin I. 
Published: June 2022

We assess performance of a small consumer-grade remotely-piloted aircraft (RPA) for landform mapping, elevation modelling, and thaw subsidence estimation in continuous permafrost terrain. We acquired RPA imagery near Rankin Inlet, Nunavut, to construct orthomosaics and digital elevation models (DEMs) that we use to interpret geomorphology and surficial geology. We estimate seasonal thaw subsidence using DEM differences. To quantify accuracy, RPA DEMs are compared with a satellite-based reference elevation. Subsidence estimates are compared with measurements from differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR). We find that RPA images are very effective for mapping periglacial landforms and surficial geology with the chosen flight specifications. The DEMs exhibit vertical mean absolute error of approximately 1 cm at ground control points. Away from control points, relative vertical accuracy is approximately 3 cm. Comparison to the reference elevation results in survey-wide vertical mean absolute errors of 33–66 cm with high variability and spatial autocorrelation of elevation discrepancy. There is local agreement between DEM differences, DInSAR, and on-the-ground measurements of seasonal subsidence. Results suggest that small RPA may be applicable for mapping thaw subsidence on the order of a few centimetres near control points. However, DEM differences are influenced by vegetation and are contaminated by spatially-variable artefacts, preventing reliable survey-wide RPA estimation of seasonal thaw subsidence.
A Necessary and Sufficient Condition for
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to Have Class Number
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c
Authors: Issa Ahmad , Sankari Hasan 
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for real quadratic field

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to have class number

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where

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.