bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel fabrication of SiO2/Ag nanocomposite by gamma irradiated Fusarium oxysporum to combat Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: Zaki Amira G. , Hasanien Yasmeen A. , El-Sayyad Gharieb S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe bacterial wilt is a global destructive plant disease that initiated by the phytopathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum. This study display a novel biofabrication of silica/silver nanocomposite using Fusarium oxysporum-fermented rice husk (RH) under solid state fermentation (SSF). The biofabricated nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, UV–Vis. spectroscopy, DLS, SEM, EDX elemental mapping, and TEM analyses as well as investigated for anti-R. solanacearum activity. Response surface methodology was also processed for optimizing the biofabrication process and improving the anti-bacterial activity of the fabricated nanocomposite. Maximum suppression zone of 29.5 mm against R. solanacearum was reached at optimum RH content of 6.0 g, AgNO3 concentration of 2.50 mM, reaction pH of 6.3, and reaction time of 2 days. The anti-R. solanacearum activity of the fabricated nanocomposite was further improved by exposing the F. oxysporum strain to a gamma irradiation dose of 200 Gy. In conclusion, RH recycling under SSF by F. oxysporum could provide an innovative, facile, non-expensive, and green approach for fabricating SiO2/Ag nanocomposite that could be applied efficiently as an eco-friendly antibacterial agent to combat R. solanacearum in agricultural applications. Moreover, the developed method could serve as a significant platform for the designing of new nanostructures for broad applications.
Similarities and differences between two well-performing healthcare systems: a comparison between the Israeli and the Danish healthcare systems
Authors: Rotenberg Daniel Kaminski , Stewart-Freedman Brendon , Søgaard Jes , Vinker Shlomo , Lahad Amnon , Søndergaard Jens 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Denmark and Israel both have highly rated and well-performing healthcare systems with marked differences in funding and organization of primary healthcare. Although better population health outcomes are seen in Israel, Denmark has a substantially higher healthcare expenditure. This has caused Danish policy makers to take an interest in Israeli community care organization. Consequently, we aim to provide a more detailed insight into differences between the two countries’ healthcare organization and cost, as well as health outcomes.

Methods
A comparative analysis combining data from OECD, WHO, and official sources. World Health Organization (WHO) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) statistics were used, and national official sources were procured from the two healthcare systems. Literature searches were performed in areas relevant to expenditure and outcome. Data were compared on health care expenditure and selected outcome measures. Expenditure was presented as purchasing power parity and as percentage of gross domestic product, both with and without adjustment for population age, and both including and excluding long-term care expenditure.

Results
Denmark’s healthcare expenditure is higher than Israel’s. However, corrected for age and long-term care the difference diminishes. Life expectancy is lower in Denmark than in Israel, and Israel has a significantly better outcome regarding cancer as well as a lower number of Years of Potential Life Lost. Israelis have a healthier lifestyle, in particular a much lower alcohol consumption.

Conclusion
Attempting to correct for what we deemed to be the most important influencing factors, age and different inclusions of long-term care costs, the Israeli healthcare system still seems to be 25% less expensive, compared to the Danish one, and with better health outcomes. This is not necessarily a function of the Israeli healthcare system but may to a great extent be explained by cultural factors, mainly a much lower Israeli alcohol consumption.
Gender difference in arsenic biotransformation is an important metabolic basis for arsenic toxicity
Authors: Muhetaer Maihaba , Yang Mei , Xia Rongxiang , Lai Yuanyan , Wu Jun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Arsenic metabolism enzymes can affect the toxic effects of arsenic. However, the effects of different genders on the metabolites and metabolic enzymes in liver arsenic metabolism is still unclear. This study analyzed the gender differences of various arsenic metabolites and metabolic enzymes and further explored the effects of gender differences on arsenic metabolism in liver tissues of rats.

Methods
Rats were treated with high/medium/low doses of iAs3+ or iAs5+. Liver pathological changes were observed with electron microscopy. The monomethyl aracid (MMA) and dimethyl aracid (DMA) was determined by high performance liquid chromatography-hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), arsenate respiratory reductase (ARR), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), pyruvate kinase (PK), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) SAM, ARR, NAD, PNP, PK, and MPO were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay. RT-qPCR was used to determine Arsenic (+ 3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT).

Results
The iAs3+ and iAs5+ at high doses induced pathological changes in the liver, such as increased heterochromatin and lipid droplets. Compared within the same group, MMA and DMA were statistically significant in iAs3 + high, iAs3 + medium and iAs5+ low dose groups (P < 0.05). MMA of male rats in iAs3+ high and medium groups was higher than that of female rats, and the DMA of male rats was lower than that of female rats. As3MT mRNA in the male iAs3+ high group was higher than that of females. Besides, compared between male and female, only in iAS3+ low dose, iAS3+ medium dose, iAS5+ low dose, and iAS5+ medium dose groups, there was significant difference in SAM level (P < 0.05). Compared within the same group, male rats had significantly higher PNP and ARR activities while lower PK activity than female rats (P < 0.05). Between the male and female groups, only the iAS3+ high dose and medium dose group had a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The NAD activity of females in iAS3+ high dose group was higher than that of males.

Conclusion
The gender differences in the arsenic metabolism enzymes may affect the biotransformation of arsenic, which may be one of the important mechanisms of arsenic toxicity of different sexes and different target organs.
Glycemic index and glycemic load of common fruit juices in Thailand
Authors: Visuthranukul Chonnikant , Sampatanukul Pichet , Aroonparkmongkol Suphab , Sirimongkol Pathama , Chomtho Sirinuch 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The glycemic index (GI) reflects body responses to different carbohydrate-rich foods. Generally, it cannot be simply predicted from the composition of the food but needs in vivo testing.

Methods
Healthy adult volunteers with normal body mass index were recruited. Each volunteer was asked to participate in the study center twice in the first week to consume the reference glucose (50 g) and once a week thereafter to consume the study fruit juices in a random order. The study fruit juices were Florida orange juice, Tangerine orange juice, Blackcurrant mixed juice, and Veggie V9 orange carrot juice which were already available on the market. The serving size of each fruit juice was calculated to provide 50 g of glycemic carbohydrate. The fasting and subsequent venous blood samplings were obtained through the indwelling venous catheters at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after the test drink consumption and immediately sent for plasma glucose and insulin. GI and insulin indices were calculated from the incremental area under the curve of postprandial glucose of the test drink divided by the reference drink. Glycemic load (GL) was calculated from the GI multiplied by carbohydrate content in the serving size.

Results
A total of 12 volunteers participated in the study. Plasma glucose and insulin peaked at 30 min after the drink was consumed, and then started to decline at 120 min. Tangerine orange juice had the lowest GI (34.1 ± 18.7) and GL (8.1 g). Veggie V9 had the highest GI (69.6 ± 43.3) but it was in the third GL rank (12.4 g). The insulin responses correlated well with the GI. Fructose to glucose ratio was inversely associated with GI and insulin responses for all study fruit juices. Fiber contents in the study juices did not correlate with glycemic and insulin indices.

Conclusions
The GIs of fruit juices were varied but consistently showed a positive correlation with insulin indices. Fruit juices with low GI are a healthier choice for people with diabetes as well as individuals who want to stay healthy since it produces more subtle postprandial glucose and insulin responses.
Empowering rare disease patients through patient education: the new BehçeTalk programme
Authors: Marinello D. , Del Bianco A. , Manzo A. , Mosca M. , Talarico R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundEducating patients and caregivers on their disease can improve their knowledge and promote the active involvement in the therapeutic decision-making process. Naturally, patient education programmes are critically important in rare systemic autoimmune diseases, where relevant knowledge and expertise still remain scattered. Behçet’s disease (BD) represents a challenging rare condition, characterized by a variable spectrum of disease profile and a relapsing course.ResultsRecently, BehçeTalk, an educational programme tailored for BD patients, families and caregivers with, was launched. BehçeTalk, entirely co-designed with BD patients, is offering educational on-line webinars on different aspects of the disease, as well support groups for patients and caregivers coordinated by a psychologist with specific expertise in BD.ConclusionsThe therapeutical management of BD is often challenging and frequently includes off-label treatments. Considering the specificities of BD, providing a specific education on the disease to patients will lead to empower them in being part of the decision-making processes, in the self-management and in improving their quality of life.
Outcomes of an intervention program for family physicians on well-child care for children under 5 years in Suez Canal region, Egypt
Authors: Sayed Ahmed Hazem A. , Ali Hassan Abdelwahid , Mosbah Badr , Shehata Mohamed Hany Kamel , Shah Jaffer , Ismail Mosleh Abdel Rahman 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Family physicians play a critical role in providing well-child care (WCC) in Egypt to children under five. Family physicians’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) on WCC must be appropriately developed to optimize health status and developmental potential in children. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of an innovative, 6-month educational training program on the KAP of family physicians toward WCC. This pre-post interventional study was conducted from September 2014 to March 2016 on a convenience (Suez Canal University) sampling of 39 family physicians who were under training in the Family Medicine Department at the Faculty of Medicine Suez Canal University. After 6 months of implementing the training program, KAP toward WCC was assessed by a 79-item questionnaire at baseline.

Results
The overall mean percentage of participants’ KAP scores was statistically and significantly increased from 23.68% ± 13.68%, 67.15% ± 6.75%, and 40.98% ± 12.24% to 88.46% ± 8.09%, 88.62% ± 5.17%, and 71.79% ± 14.63%, respectively (p < 0.001). Recognizing the appropriate anticipatory guidance for the use of car seats made up the epitome of what was lacking in posttest knowledge (53.8%). Tendency of performing red reflex testing especially reduced refinement in posttest attitudes (53.8%). The least improved post-intervention practices were anticipatory guidance (7.7%), examination for developmental hip dysplasia (28.2%), and caries (43.6%), eliciting parents’ concerns for hearing and speech (38.5%) and vision screening (38.5%).

Conclusions
The educational program had positive effects on family physicians’ KAP toward well-child care for children under five. Further interventions are needed for improving the family physicians’ practices of sensory screening, assessment of hip dysplasia, oral health, and anticipatory guidance.
Exploring deep carbonate reservoir samples: Anisotropy and correlation of static and dynamic Young’s moduli
Authors: Kandil Mohamed E. , Ali Abdulwahab , Khodja Mohamed R. , Sølling Theis I. 
Published: February 2022

In total, 14 limestone samples, drilled in the vertical and horizontal directions from a depth >3 km, are analyzed to understand the correlation between static (operating at in-situ strain levels) and dynamic (at a sound wave strain level) Young’s moduli, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and also to investigate their directional dependence. Young’s moduli are measured simultaneously under a confining pressure of 30 MPa to a differential axial stress of 50 MPa using a triaxial frame with linear variable differential transformers: two axial and one radial calibrated with a standard aluminum slug. Static and dynamic moduli decrease with increasing porosity whereas the static moduli are typically less than the dynamic moduli. The static measurements exhibit significant hysteresis indicating a nonlinear (irreversible) regime, whereas the dynamic moduli, measured with low-strain amplitude, indicate a linear (reversible) regime. The static Poisson’s ratio increases with porosity, but the dynamic ratio remains unchanged over the whole range of porosity, which seems to not be sensitive enough to the heterogeneity in the pore structure. The induced microfractures, naturally developed under tensile stress after these deep samples were brought to the surface, are imaged in computer microtomography (micro-CT) scan experiments. The mineralogical composition is determined as higher than 95% calcite CaCO3and mapped out using quantitative evaluation of minerals by scanning electron microscopy. Elastic anisotropy is observed with increasing porosity, where the ratio [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] increases for the vertical but decreases for the horizontal samples. Likewise, a permeability anisotropy also is observed as porosity increases, where the ratio of the vertical to horizontal permeability [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] is higher than one, indicating a preferred vertical structure for fluid flow. Two linear correlations between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are developed for the studied calcite samples, and for samples composed of up to 30% dolomite CaMg(CO3)2reported in the literature.
Pattern dynamics in the epidemic model with diffusion network
Authors: Zheng Qianqian , Pandey Vikas , Shen Jianwei , Xu Yong , Guan Linan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
It is well known that the outbreak of infectious diseases is affected by the diffusion of the infected. However, the diffusion network is seldom considered in the network-organized SIR model. In this work, we investigate the effect of the maximum eigenvalue on Turing instability and show the role of network parameters (the network connection rate, the network's infection, etc.) on the outbreak of infectious diseases. Meanwhile, stability of network-organized SIR is given by using the maximum eigenvalue of the network matrix which is proportional to the network connection rate and the networks infection rate. The bridge between the two rates and Turing instability was also revealed which can explain the spread mechanism of infectious diseases. In the end, some measures to mitigate the spread of infectious diseases are proposed and the feasible strategies for prevention and control can be provided in our paper, the data from COVID-19 validated the above results.
MiR-205-5p/GGCT Attenuates Growth and Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer by Regulating CD44
Authors: Li Han-Ning , Zhang Hui-Min , Li Xing-Rui , Wang Jun , Xu Tao , Li Shu-Yu , Dong Meng-Lu , Wang Ge , Cui Xiao-Qing , Yang Xue , Wu Yong-Lin , Liao Xing-Hua , Du Ya-Ying 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) remains the most common endocrine malignancy, despite marked achieves in recent decades, and the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and progression for PTC are incompletely elucidated. Accumulating evidence show that γ-glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT), an enzyme participating in glutathione homeostasis and is elevated in multiple types of tumors, represents an attractive therapeutic target. Using bioinformatics, immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and Western blot assays, we found that GGCT expression was upregulated in PTC and correlated with more aggressive clinicopathological characteristics and worse prognosis. GGCT knockdown inhibited the growth and metastasis ability of PTC cells both in vitro and in vivo and reduced the expression of mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin, CD44, MMP2, and MMP9) while increasing epithelial marker (E-cadherin) in PTC cells. We confirmed binding of microRNA-205-5p (miR-205-5p) on the 3′-UTR regions of GGCT by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA-RNA pull-down assay. Delivery of miR-205-5p reversed the pro-malignant capacity of GGCT both in vitro and in vivo. Lastly, we found that GGCT interacted with and stabilized CD44 in PTC cells by co-immunoprecipitation and immunohistochemistry assays. Our findings illustrate a novel signaling pathway, miR-205-5p/GGCT/CD44, that involves in the carcinogenesis and progression of PTC. Development of miR-205-mimics or GGCT inhibitors as potential therapeutics for PTC may have remarkable applications.
Chalcogenacalix[4]dithienoselenophene: Synthesis and Properties of Cyclic Thio- and Selenoether of Dithienoselenophene
Authors: Hasegawa Masashi , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Mazaki Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Two kinds of thia- and selenacalix[4]dithienoselenophene, a cyclic dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]selenophene (DTS) oligomers bridged with divalent chalcogen atoms (S or Se), were successfully prepared via a one-pot cyclization protocol. A palladium-catalyzed coupling of dibromo DTS derivative and (Bu3Sn)2Ch (Ch = S or Se) afforded the cyclic compounds in moderate yield. We have also developed a preparation strategy for the starting DTS derivatives in multi-gram quantity. X-ray analysis revealed that these macrocyclic compounds have different conformations depending on the linker atoms. Thiacalix derivatives form an annular geometry consisting of two sets of vertical and horizontal DTS pairs, while selenacalix derivatives forms a highly symmetrical alternate arrangement of DTS units. The latter macrocycle gave a channel framework to form cavity assembled porous material. Cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry measurements for these macrocycles indicated lower redox potentials compared to those of dithienothiophene analogues reported before. Both compounds form a 1:2 complex with C60 in the solid state through face-to-face and S⋯π interactions between DTS and C60. Two guest C60 molecules were captured in the identical space formed by a symmetrical 1,3-alternate conformer.
Inducing inherent salinity tolerance of eggplants by salt induction response
Authors: David Einstein Mariya , Lesharadevi Kuppan , Dharanidharan Harikrishnan , Akash Srikanth , Prabhakaran Siva , Firdous Saiyyeda , Parthasarathi Theivasigamani 
Published: February 2022

Background: Salinity is a significant abiotic stress which affects eggplant (Solanum melongena) growth and development, decreasing photosynthesis and reducing yield. To address this problem, we performed a salt induction response (SIR) study in eggplant. Methods: In this experiment, we optimized the salt induction cycle of 60, 80, 100 and 125 mM NaCl concentrations at 120-min time intervals. Eggplant seeds were exposed to three treatments. In particular, induced, non-induced, and control. The induction responses were tested with a supply of sub-lethal dose (100 mM NaCl) of saline water irrigation. Results: Salt induction improved the eggplant seedling vigour, germination, adjusts the physiology, antioxidant machinery and increase the fruit yield under salinity. Conclusion: Salt induction acclimatizes the eggplant seedlings to salinity stress and enhances the salinity tolerance at the whole-plant level.
Negative E-cadherin expression on bone marrow myeloma cell membranes is associated with extramedullary disease
Authors: Hirao Maki , Yamazaki Kohei , Watanabe Kentaro , Mukai Kiyoshi , Hirose Shigemichi , Osada Makoto , Tsukada Yuiko , Kunieda Hisako , Denda Ryunosuke , Kikuchi Takahide , Sugimori Hiroki , Okamoto Shinichiro , Hattori Yutaka 
Published: February 2022

Background: The loss of E-cadherin expression and the induction of N-cadherin are known as hallmarks of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, an essential initial step in the process of metastasis in solid tumors. Although several studies have reported expressions of these cadherins in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), their clinical significance is unknown as MM cells are non-epithelial. Methods: In this study, we examined the expression of E- and N-cadherins by immunohistochemistry using bone marrow (BM) biopsy specimens from 31 newly diagnosed MM patients and in subsequent biopsy specimens from six of these. Results: Negative E-cadherin expression on BM myeloma cell membranes was significantly associated with the presence of soft-tissue masses arising from bone lesions and breaking through the cortical bone, referred to as extramedullary disease (EMD). Conclusions: Given the aggressive nature of EMD, our study suggests that screening for E-cadherin using BM immunohistochemistry is one measure that could predict the development of EMD in patients with MM.
A grammatico-pragmatic analysis of the because X construction: Private expression within public expression
Authors: Kanetani Masaru 
Published: February 2022

Background: This article investigates an innovative use of because, called the because X construction (e.g., because homework). Quantitative and qualitative research as well as research about the historical development of the construction have been conducted. The present article aims to determine what motivates the use of the construction. Methods: Based on the data collected from the literature and online sources, the grammar of the because X construction is described in detail. The construction is then analyzed within Hirose’s (2015) three-tier model of language use. Results: A two-layered expressive structure is proposed: The X-element serves as a private expression, which is a speaker’s expression of thought with no intention of communication, whereas the whole construction functions publicly. The private nature of the X-element consistently accounts for the syntactic categories of the X-element and the restrictions on them observed in the literature. Conclusion: The proposed two-layered expressive structure reflects a metapragmatic function of the construction. A private, subjective expression embedded in a public expression has the function of connecting the hearer to the speaker, and it accordingly brings about a joint attention effect. With such a function, the proposed structure is effective especially (but not exclusively) in online communication because one can strategically indicate closeness or intimacy to others, particularly in an environment where nonverbal means are difficult to apply.