bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seeing Shakespeare: Narco narratives and neocolonial appropriations of Macbeth in the US–Mexico Borderlands
Authors: Santos Kathryn Vomero 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis essay examines the racializing logics and consequences of drawing analogies between the works of William Shakespeare and the devastatingly violent realities of the drug trade in the Americas. The particular prominence of Macbeth in the wide range of Shakespearean invocations and appropriations in contemporary US narratives about narcotrafficking cannot be attributed simply to the fact that it is a tale of bloody ambition. Rather, the repeated mapping of a play that comes to its conclusion with an English military invasion of its “barbarous” Scottish neighbors onto the US–Mexico Borderlands speaks to much deeper histories of colonial conquest and to neocolonial interventionist policies and actions of the present. The essay concludes by turning to two recent instances in which theater artists have translated and significantly revised Macbeth in order to reframe dominant narratives about narcotrafficking, racial supremacy, and the border. These productions demonstrate the disruptive and transformative potential of Shakespearean appropriations that resist neocolonial power structures and ideologies.
Risk factors for developing pacing induced LV dysfunction: Experience from a tertiary center in the UK
Authors: Kanthasamy Vijayabharathy , Papageorgiou Nikolaos , Bajomo Tomi , Monkhouse Christopher , Creta Antonio , Finlay Malcolm , Lambiase Pier D , Moore Phil , Sporton Simon , Earley Mark J. , Schilling Richard J. , Hayward Carl , Providência Rui , Hunter Ross J. , Chow Anthony W. , Muthumala Amal 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe risk factors for developing pacing induced left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) in patients with high burden of right ventricular pacing (RVP) is poorly understood. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to assess the determinants of pacing induced LVD.MethodsOur data were retrospectively collected from 146 patients with RVP > 40% who underwent generator change (GC) or cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) upgrade between 2016 and 2019 who had left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) ≥50% at initial implant.ResultsA total of 75 patients had CRT upgrade due to pacing induced LVD (EF < 50%) and 71 patients with preserved LV function (EF ≥ 50%) had a GC. Primary indication for pacing in both groups was complete heart block. Male predominance (p = .008), prior myocardial infarction (MI) (p = .001), atrial fibrillation (AF) (p = .009), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (p = .005), and borderline low systolic function (BLSF) (EF 50%–55%) (p = .04) were more prevalent in the CRT upgrade group. Presence of AF (odds ratio [OR] = 3.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42–6.58; p = .004), BLSF (OR = 3.8, 95% CI 1.22–11.8; p = .02), and male gender (OR = 2.41, 95% CI 1.14–5.08; p = .02) were independent predictors for RVP induced LVD. Age (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.02–1.14; p = .005) and BLSF (OR = 5.33, 95% CI 1.26–22.5; p = .023) were independent predictors of earlier development of LVD after implant.ConclusionsOur results suggested that AF, BLSF, and male gender are predictors for development of pacing induced LVD in patients with high RVP burden. LVD can occur at any time after pacemaker implant with BLSF and increasing age associated with earlier development of LVD.
Psychological impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on young professionals in blood banks and transfusion services: A global cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Al‐Riyami Arwa Z. , Masser Barbara , Herczenik Eszter , Arora Satyam , Boateng Lilian Antwi , Dinardo Carla Luana , Hutchinson Tyler , Ji Yanli , Langi Sasongko Syeldy , Tung John‐Paul , Panchatcharam Sathiya Murthi ,   the ISBT Young Professional Council
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe COVID‐19 pandemic brought about changes to daily life as measures to contain the spread of the virus increased across the world. The aim of this survey was to assess the psychological impact of the pandemic on young professionals (YPs) in transfusion medicine.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional web‐based survey was distributed electronically to ISBT members inviting YPs (≤40 years) to participate. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.ResultsTwo hundred and fifty‐nine YPs completed the survey, including 107 clinicians/physicians and/or nurses. Almost half of the YPs (52.5%) indicated increased stress levels and 15.4% indicated symptoms of depression. YPs highlighted the loss of social engagement (59.1%) and increased pressure from information seen on media (35.5%) as factors negatively impacting their psychological wellbeing. Further, 20.8% expressed increased economic stress resulting from concerns about job security. Almost half of the YPs indicated that their organization provided moderate/occasional holistic support to them and their families. Sixty percent and 74.4% of YPs reported increased workload and staff absence due to COVID‐19 infection, respectively. Only half of clinicians/physicians and/or nurses indicated that they often had sufficient personal protective equipment. The majority of these (76.6%) had family/household members living with them, and 61% indicated that they were significantly worried about infecting them because of the nature of their work.ConclusionCOVID‐19 had a major impact on the well‐being of YPs working in transfusion medicine. Measures are required to ensure that YPs are protected and mentally supported while undertaking their duties in current and future pandemics.
Systematic review of postoperative rehabilitation interventions after cranial cruciate ligament surgery in dogs
Authors: Alvarez Leilani X. , Repac Jennifer A. , Kirkby Shaw Kristin , Compton Nashua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo critically evaluate the evidence for rehabilitation interventions following surgery for cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD) in dogs.Study designSystematic review.MethodsGoogle Scholar and Pubmed databases were searched for studies evaluating postoperative CCLD rehabilitation interventions from 1990 until March 2020 per the international Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). Each study was assigned a level of evidence score from I to IV and a risk of bias (RoB) score by 2 reviewers, and by a third reviewer, when consensus was not reached.ResultsNineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Twelve comprised randomized, controlled trials (Level II), 6 were nonrandomized or nonblinded (Level III), and one was retrospective (Level IV). Nine studies had high RoB scores. Sixteen studies yielded positive results. Therapeutic exercise had the most studies with positive results but all had high RoB. Cold compression therapy had 3 supporting studies (2 Level II, low RoB). Extracorporeal shockwave yielded 2 positive Level II studies (low‐moderate and high‐moderate RoB) and photobiomodulation had 1 positive study (Level II, low RoB) with objective outcomes. A negative outcome was noted in 1 photobiomodulation study. There was 1 supporting study on electrical stimulation and there was none on low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound.ConclusionThis systematic review supports the use of rehabilitation interventions in recovery of postoperative CCLD in dogs; however, many studies had a high risk of bias.Clinical significanceThere is a lack of class I level evidence in veterinary rehabilitation. This study supports therapeutic exercise and cold compression therapy for postoperative CCLD rehabilitation. Existing studies on other modalities are limited and demonstrate conflicting results.
Overview of The Best 2020 Axial-Flow Fan Data and Inclusion in Similarity Charts for the Search of the Best Design
Authors: Masi Massimo , Danieli Piero , Lazzaretto Andrea 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article deals with the aerodynamic performance of ducted axial-flow fans available in the 2020 market and aims to create a general picture of the best designs and design trends, as a tool for fan designers. To this end, this article first presents the general formulation of the similarity approach to the fan performance analysis, including the effects of rotational speed (which affects the validity of the Reynolds similarity) and turbomachine size (which can hinder the perfect geometrical similarity of some shape details). The second part reports a statistical survey of the axial-flow fan performance based on data from catalogues of major manufacturers and compares the resulting Cordier lines with optimum fan designs from empirical or computational fluid-dynamics (CFD)-based models available in the literature. In addition to the global performance at maximum aeraulic and total-to-static efficiencies, this survey uses the form of dimensionless Balje–Cordier charts to identify the trends and values of other design parameters, such as hub-to-tip ratio, blade count, and blade positioning angle. As a result, a summary of the aerodynamic performance of year 2020 best designs, the improvements achieved during the last 40 years, and the present design trends in contrarotating, vane-axial, and tube-axial fan types are made available to fan designers.
The Neuroendocrinology of Stress and Aging: The Glucocorticoid Cascade Hypothesis
Authors: Sapolsky Robert M. , Krey Lewis C. , McEwen Bruce S. 
Published: January 2022

Over the past 5 yr, we have examined some of the sharpest edges of the pathology of aging. We have studied the capacity of aged organisms to respond appropriately to stress and the capacity of stress to cumulatively damage aging tissue. The idea of a relationship between stress and aging has permeated the gerontology literature in two forms. First, senescence has been thought of as a time of decreased adaptiveness to stress. This idea has been supported frequently, as many aged physiological systems function normally under basal conditions, yet do not adequately respond to a challenge. For example, aged and young humans have similar basal body temperatures, but the former are relatively impaired in thermoregulatory capacities when heat- or cold-challenged. A second theme in gerontology concerning stress is that chronic stress can accelerate the aging process. Selye and Tuchweber for example, postulated a finite "adaptational energy" in an organism, with prolonged stress prematurely depleting such reserves, thus accelerating the onset of senescence. This idea was derivative of earlier idea that the "rate of living" could be a pacemaker of aging. Experimentally, varied approaches have supported the notion that at least some biomarkers of age can be accelerated by stress.
The above hypotheses led us to examine the adrenocortical axis, the endocrine axis which is among the most central to the stress response. Our findings support both of these concepts. We find that the aged male rat is impaired in terminating the secretion of adrenocortical stress hormones, glucocorticoids, at the end of stress. This hormonal excess may be due to degenerative changes in a region of the brain which normally inhibits glucocorticoid release; the degeneration, in turn, is caused by cumulative exposure to glucocorticoids. Together, these effects form a feed-forward cascade with potentially serious pathophysiological consequences in the aged subject.
Reproduced by permission.

Robert M. Sapolsky, Lewis C. Krey, Bruce S. McEwen, The Neuroendocrinology of Stress and Aging: The Glucocorticoid Cascade Hypothesis.
Endocr. Rev.
7
, 284-301 (1986).
An unusual presentation of thymoma: dysgeusia, ulcerative colitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, autoimmune retinopathy and myasthenia gravis
Authors: Sanghi Priyanka , Bremner Fion 
Published: January 2022

A 41-year-old female presented with dysgeusia, dry eyes, nyctalopia with progressive visual field constriction (due to autoimmune retinopathy) and gastrointestinal symptoms (due to ulcerative colitis). She was subsequently admitted to intensive care with a myasthenic crisis, and CT of the thorax demonstrated a thymoma.Following thymectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy, she has remained in complete remission from her ulcerative colitis and myasthenia gravis, her retinopathy has stabilised and there has been no thymoma recurrence over a 10-year postoperative period. There was a brief relapse of her dysgeusia (causing weight loss) and dry eye symptoms 3 years after her surgery, which resolved 8 months later. While the association of thymomas with paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) is well established, it is unusual to present with multiple PNS, and some of these have only been documented in sparse case reports to date. Thymectomy played a crucial role in improvement and stabilisation of her PNS.
Impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on adolescent pregnancy and school dropout among secondary schoolgirls in Kenya
Authors: Zulaika Garazi , Bulbarelli Miriam , Nyothach Elizabeth , van Eijk Annemieke , Mason Linda , Fwaya Eunice , Obor David , Kwaro Daniel , Wang Duolao , Mehta Supriya D , Phillips-Howard Penelope A 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionSecondary school closures aimed at limiting the number of infections and deaths due to COVID-19 may have amplified the negative sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and schooling outcomes of vulnerable adolescent girls. This study aimed to measure pandemic-related effects on adolescent pregnancy and school dropout among school-going girls in Kenya.MethodsWe report longitudinal findings of 910 girls in their last 2 years of secondary school. The study took place in 12 secondary day schools in rural western Kenya between 2018 and 2021. Using a causal-comparative design, we compared SRH and schooling outcomes among 403 girls who graduated after completion of their final school examinations in November 2019 pre-pandemic with 507 girls who experienced disrupted schooling due to COVID-19 and sat examinations in March 2021. Unadjusted and adjusted generalised linear mixed models were used to investigate the effect of COVID-19-related school closures and restrictions on all outcomes of interest and on incident pregnancy.ResultsAt study initiation, the mean age of participants was 17.2 (IQR: 16.4–17.9) for girls in the pre-COVID-19 cohort and 17.5 (IQR: 16.5–18.4) for girls in the COVID-19 cohort. Girls experiencing COVID-19 containment measures had twice the risk of falling pregnant prior to completing secondary school after adjustment for age, household wealth and orphanhood status (adjusted risk ratio (aRR)=2.11; 95% CI:1.13 to 3.95, p=0.019); three times the risk of school dropout (aRR=3.03; 95% CI: 1.55 to 5.95, p=0.001) and 3.4 times the risk of school transfer prior to examinations (aRR=3.39; 95% CI: 1.70 to 6.77, p=0.001) relative to pre-COVID-19 learners. Girls in the COVID-19 cohort were more likely to be sexually active (aRR=1.28; 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.51, p=0.002) and less likely to report their first sex as desired (aRR=0.49; 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.65, p<0.001). These girls reported increased hours of non-school-related work (3.32 hours per day vs 2.63 hours per day in the pre-COVID-19 cohort, aRR=1.92; 95% CI: 1.92 to 2.99, p=0.004). In the COVID-19 cohort, 80.5% reported worsening household economic status and COVID-19-related stress was common.ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic deleteriously affected the SRH of girls and amplified school transfer and dropout. Appropriate programmes and interventions that help buffer the effects of population-level emergencies on school-going adolescents are warranted.Trial registration numberNCT03051789.
Retrospective analysis of North West London healthcare utilisation by children during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mongru Rohan , Rose Danielle F , Costelloe Ceire , Cunnington Aubrey , Nijman Ruud G 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the impact of the measures taken to combat COVID-19 on the patterns of acute illness in children presenting to primary and secondary care for North West London.Design/setting/participantsRetrospective analysis of 8 309 358 primary and secondary healthcare episodes of children <16 years registered with a North West London primary care practice between 2015 and 2021.Main outcome measuresNumbers of primary care consultations, emergency department (ED) attendances and emergency admissions during the pandemic were compared with those in the preceding 5 years. Trends were examined by age and for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision-coded diagnoses of: infectious diseases, and injuries and poisonings for admitted children.ResultsComparing 2020 to the 2015–2019 mean, primary care consultations were 22% lower, ED attendances were 38% lower and admissions 35% lower. Following the first national lockdown in April 2020, primary care consultations were 39% lower compared with the April 2015–2019 mean, ED attendances were 72% lower and unscheduled hospital admissions were 63% lower. Admissions >48 hours were on average 13% lower overall during 2020, and 36% lower during April 2020. The reduction in admissions for infections (61% lower than 2015–2019 mean) between April and August 2020 was greater than for injuries (31% lower).ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an overall reduction in childhood illness presentations to health services in North West London, most prominent during periods of national lockdown, and with a greater impact on infections than injuries. These reductions demonstrate the impact on children of measures taken to combat COVID-19 across the health system.
Quality of meta-analyses of non-opioid, pharmacological, perioperative interventions for chronic postsurgical pain: a systematic review
Authors: McGregor Rachel H , Warner Freda M , Linde Lukas D , Cragg Jacquelyn J , Osborn Jill A , Varshney Vishal P , Schwarz Stephan K W , Kramer John L K 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundIn an attempt to aggregate observations from clinical trials, several meta-analyses have been published examining the effectiveness of systemic, non-opioid, pharmacological interventions to reduce the incidence of chronic postsurgical pain.ObjectiveTo inform the design and reporting of future studies, the purpose of our study was to examine the quality of these meta-analyses.Evidence reviewWe conducted an electronic literature search in Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Published meta-analyses, from the years 2010 to 2020, examining the effect of perioperative, systemic, non-opioid pharmacological treatments on the incidence of chronic postsurgical pain in adult patients were identified. Data extraction focused on methodological details. Meta-analysis quality was assessed using the A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) critical appraisal tool.FindingsOur search yielded 17 published studies conducting 58 meta-analyses for gabapentinoids (gabapentin and pregabalin), ketamine, lidocaine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and mexiletine. According to AMSTAR 2, 88.2% of studies (or 15/17) were low or critically low in quality. The most common critical element missing was an analysis of publication bias. Trends indicated an improvement in quality over time and association with journal impact factor.ConclusionsWith few individual trials adequately powered to detect treatment effects, meta-analyses play a crucial role in informing the perioperative management of chronic postsurgical pain. In light of this inherent value and despite a number of attempts, high-quality meta-analyses are still needed.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021230941.
An observational analysis of Canada Jay (Perisoreus canadensis) foraging and caching ecology in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA
Authors: Swift K.N. , Williams E.J. , Marzluff J.M. 
Published: January 2022

Arctic and subarctic wildlife are among the most vulnerable species to climate change. Canada Jays (Perisoreus canadensis (Linnaeus, 1776)) are generalist residents of northern boreal forests and scatter-hoard food to insulate against food scarcity during winter. Unlike most scatter-hoarders, however, Canada Jays primarily cache perishable food, rendering their caches more susceptible to climate change induced degradation and loss. Here we use a mostly noninvasive approach to document Canada Jay foraging ecology among a population in interior Alaska, USA, including the types of food acquired, foraging and caching rates, and cache longevity and loss. We also tested for associations between foraging and caching rates with reproductive metrics to assess possible relationships among food and productivity. We found that Canada Jays have a varied diet that changed seasonally, and responded to a record-setting warm spring by directing foraging efforts away from cache recovery and towards the emergence of fresh food. We did not find evidence for relationships between foraging and caching rate with reproductive output, possibly owing to small sample sizes. We found that caches were recovered quickly (<4 weeks) and frequently lost to conspecific and heterospecific competitors. Our study suggests that Canada Jays may be better poised to respond to changes in cache integrity and food availability than has been previously recognized.
Cancer-Associated SF3B1 Mutations Confer a BRCA-Like Cellular Phenotype and Synthetic Lethality to PARP Inhibitors
Authors: Lappin Katrina M. , Barros Eliana M. , Jhujh Satpal S. , Irwin Gareth W. , McMillan Hayley , Liberante Fabio G. , Latimer Cheryl , La Bonte Melissa J. , Mills Ken I. , Harkin D. Paul , Stewart Grant S. , Savage Kienan I. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Mutations in SF3B1 have been identified across several cancer types. This key spliceosome component promotes the efficient mRNA splicing of thousands of genes including those with crucial roles in the cellular response to DNA damage. Here, we demonstrate that depletion of SF3B1 specifically compromises homologous recombination (HR) and is epistatic with loss of BRCA1. More importantly, the most prevalent cancer-associated mutation in SF3B1, K700E, also affects HR efficiency and as a consequence, increases the cellular sensitivity to ionizing radiation and a variety of chemotherapeutic agents, including PARP inhibitors. In addition, the SF3B1 K700E mutation induced unscheduled R-loop formation, replication fork stalling, increased fork degradation, and defective replication fork restart. Taken together, these data suggest that tumor-associated mutations in SF3B1 induce a BRCA-like cellular phenotype that confers synthetic lethality to DNA-damaging agents and PARP inhibitors, which can be exploited therapeutically.

Significance:
The cancer-associated SF3B1K700E mutation induces DNA damage via generation of genotoxic R-loops and stalled replication forks, defective homologous recombination, and increased replication fork degradation, which can be targeted with PARP inhibitors.