bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in the approaches to recover rare earths and precious metals from E‐waste: A mini‐review
Authors: Paranjape Purva , Yadav Manishkumar D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the present day, with the rapid rate of advancements in technology, gadgets become obsolete very fast. The chase to keep up with the latest technologies diminishes the gadget's lifespan considerably. Consequently, they are discarded within a short time after their production, resulting in electronic waste (E‐waste) being the fastest growing waste stream globally, with an annual production rate of 2.44 million short tonnes. The metals present in such E‐waste provide several attractive properties, rendering them crucial in several applications as components of electronic and electrical devices. The major roadblock faced by mankind today is an effective technology with high recovery, low cost, and minimal environmental impact to recycle such electronic waste. In this mini‐review, we elucidate the various recycling routes for metal extraction from waste and recent advances in the same. We have attempted to highlight the recent trends adopted by various researchers to recycle and extract valuable metals and rare earths from E‐waste. Finally, the challenges and prospects in the extraction of rare earths and precious metals for E‐waste research have been clearly brought out and suggestions have been made for future work.
Tunable Liquid Crystal Alignment and Driving Mode on Lanthanum Aluminum Zirconium Zinc‐Oxide Thin Film Achieved by Convenient Brush‐Coating Method
Authors: Wook Lee Dong , Hyun Kim Dong , Young Oh Jin , Kim Dae‐Hyun , Liu Yang , Seo Dae‐Shik 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTunable liquid crystal (LC) alignment with twisted nematic (TN) and vertical alignment (VA) driving modes is achieved by a convenient brush‐coating method. The brush‐coating process combines film deposition and alignment treatment processes, and lanthanum aluminum zirconium zinc oxide (LaAlZrZnO) is used for the LC alignment layer. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results confirm LaAlZrZnO film formation with fine optical transparency. Atomic force microscopy and line profile data indicate nano/micro surface structure with dense or directional morphologies induced by shear stresses according to film curing temperature. Low‐temperature‐cured films exhibit hydrophobic properties with low surface energy, whereas high‐temperature‐cured films show hydrophilicity with high surface energy. The geometric constraints and chemical affinities of the films induce homeotropic and homogeneous LC alignments on the surface according to the film curing temperature, respectively. The LC alignment state is verified by polarized optical microscopy and pretilt angle analysis. The brush‐coated LaAlZrZnO film demonstrates high thermal budget for advanced LC systems. The VA‐mode and TN‐mode LC cells based on the LaAlZrZnO film enable high electro‐optical performances and low power consumption. Therefore, the brush‐coating method is expected to be adoptable for next‐generation LC device applications.
Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of Single‐Oral‐Dose Linagliptin: A Randomized, 2‐Period Crossover Trial in Chinese Healthy Subjects Under Fasting and Fed Conditions
Authors: Li Yan , Zhang Xueyuan , Qi Lu , Tong Yuanxu , Bai Haihong , Liu Ju , Liu Ying , Chen Youli , Wang Xinghe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe bioequivalence of the reference and test linagliptin formulations was assessed in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions. The study was designed as a single‐dose, randomized, open‐label, 2‐period crossover study with a 35‐day washout period between 2 administrations. Forty‐eight healthy subjects received 5 mg of test and reference linagliptin formulation orally under fasting condition. The geometric mean of the maximum observed linagliptin concentration (Cmax) for the test formulation was 4.9 ng/mL (reference, 5.0 ng/mL), the area under the plasma concentration–time curve from 0 to 72 hours (AUC0‐72) was 154.7 ng · h/mL (reference, 157.4 ng · h/mL). Thirty‐six subjects received 5 mg of test and reference linagliptin formulation orally under fed conditions. The geometric mean of Cmax for the test linagliptin formulation was 2.8 ng/mL (reference, 2.8 ng/mL), AUC0‐72 was 133.5 ng · h/mL (reference, 136.6 ng · h/mL). The 90%CIs for the test/reference ratio for Cmax and AUC0‐72 met the bioequivalence criteria (80%‐125%). The test and reference formulations of linagliptin were well tolerated and bioequivalent under fasting and fed conditions.
Execution trace‐based model verification to analyze multicore and real‐time systems
Authors: Beamonte Raphael , Ezzati‐Jivan Naser , Dagenais Michel R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs a key part of model‐driven development, modeling allows users to represent the application workflow or to automatically generate source code. This is convenient for developers, particularly to create or improve real‐time applications embedded in complex systems. Multicore systems are difficult to debug because the concurrently running processes can interfere with each other. In real‐time systems, timing constraints add to the complexity, invalidating results when a deadline is missed. Tracing is usually the most accurate and reliable tool to study the runtime behaviour of those applications. However, the interpretation of voluminous detailed execution traces requires a deep understanding of the operating system and application behaviour, and time to dig through the millions of trace events.In this paper, we present the use of model‐based constraints on top of user‐space and kernel traces to provide weighted analysis results. Our algorithms have been applied to multiple traces showing common problems for multi‐core real‐time systems. The experimental results show that our algorithms can quickly identify many different types of problems with a low runtime, even for traces with millions of events, thus helping to save time when analyzing thousands of trace events for complex systems.
Dealloying Synthesis of Silicon Nanotubes for High‐Performance Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Jinfu , Wei Wenxian , Xu Na , Wang Xiaotong , Chang Limin , Wang Li , Fang Luan , Le Zaiyuan , Nie Ping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Dr. Ping Nie and Prof. Limin Chang at Jilin Normal University. The image shows one‐dimensional silicon–nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotube composite fabricated through a dealloying process. The nanotube engineered silicon coupled with conductive carbon coating synergistically boosts the electrochemical performance. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202100832.
Characterization Studies of Solution Grown Triglycine Oxalate Single Crystals
Authors: P. Justina Angelin , M. Daniel Sweetlin , P. Sumithraj Premkumar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTriglycine oxalate single crystal is grown by a slow evaporation technique from the saturated solution at the predetermined temperature. X‐ray diffraction studies of the grown crystal reveal that the grown crystal belongs to a monoclinic structure. The presence of elements and various functional groups of the triglycine oxalate is found in the Fourier transform infrared analysis. Optical transparency of the grown crystals is found to have the maximum transparency in the entire visible region. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the grown crystals have three stages of decomposition. The microhardness of the grown crystals exhibits that the crystal is a soft material. The electrical studies such as dielectric constant, and dielectric loss are determined for the frequency range from 100 Hz to 200 kHz at different temperatures.
Culture and sustainable development: The role of merger and acquisition in Italian B Corps
Authors: Gazzola Patrizia , Amelio Stefano , Grechi Daniele , Alleruzzo Chiara 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to describe and analyse the relationship between the phenomenon of B Corp and M&A operations carried out by these companies. Italy is the second country at the international level and the first country at the European level to have been particularly active in this direction (Law n.208/2015). Therefore, a questionnaire was developed and sent to the certified Italian B Corps. The medium‐long‐term vision emerged in particular, and the values that guide these companies are ethics, sustainability and transparency. These are aspects that particularly characterise the ideals, identity and culture of B Corps, which are also involved in social and environmental issues. The research shows how corporate culture influences these companies from a merger and acquisition perspective. Cultural compatibility is important, as it allows the companies to operate according to common or similar visions regarding certain aspects that other companies probably find less important.
Preface to Special Issue on Biocatalysis as Key to Sustainable Industrial Chemistry
Authors: Alcántara Andrés R. , Domínguez de María Pablo , Littlechild Jennifer A. , Schürmann Martin , Sheldon Roger A. , Wohlgemuth Roland 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn their Editorial for the Special Issue on Biocatalysis as Key to Sustainable Industrial Chemistry, Guest Editors Andrés Alcántara, Pablo Domínguez de María, Jennifer Littlechild, and Roland Wohlgemuth and their co‐workers on the European Society of Applied Biocatalysis’ (ESAB) Working Group on Sustainable Chemistry Martin Schürmann and Roger Sheldon discuss the Special Issue and the importance of biocatalysis in carrying out cutting‐edge industrial chemistry in a sustainable way, as well as the future prospects for the field.
A 12‐bit SC3 partially segmented current steering DAC with improved SFDR and bandwidth
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Gupta Santosh Kumar , Bhadauria Vijaya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA 12‐bit self cascode capacitor compensated (SC3) partial segmented current steering digital to analog converter (DAC) is proposed and implemented in standard 180‐nm CMOS technology. The effect of the output capacitance at a higher frequency of operation is analyzed. Based on the analysis, a self cascode transistor is connected on the top of the differential switch with an “always‐on” biasing without compromising the voltage headroom. Besides, a compensation capacitor is also used at the output to improve spur free dynamic range (SFDR), which is obtained as 108 dB when sampled at 800 MS/s. The proposed architecture also offers high output impedance by more than 10 times compared with the cascode device. The proposed design also enhances the bandwidth of the circuit and is obtained to be 4 GHz with a power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) of 43 dB. It also has a total harmonic distortion (THD) of <3% up to input power of −4 dB and is also insensitive to process variations with a sensitivity of <0.5%.
Forward single‐cell sequencing into clinical application: Understanding of ageing and rejuvenation from clinical observation to single‐cell solution
Authors: Yan Furong , Li Zhangping , Powell Charles A. , Wang Xiangdong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAgeing is the part of natural biology lifespan and living pathology healthspan that is associated with impact from stress, environmental changes and diseases. The present Editorial emphasises the understanding of ageing biology and potential impact of rejuvenating interventions as a critical focus of clinical and translational medicine. The discovery and development of ageing‐associated biomarkers and therapeutic targets require understanding of the complexity of molecular metabolisms, immune responses and genetic regulations associated with ageing and rejuvenation. Transcriptomic patterns of circulating immune cells, red blood cells and platelets at single‐cell solution can be an important window to molecular mechanisms of ageing initiation and development. As part of programmes, deep understanding of ageing and rejuvenation correlations of clinical with single‐cell transcriptomics will provide more innovative opportunities to translate single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) to clinical application.
Targeting DCLK1 overcomes 5‐fluorouracil resistance in colorectal cancer through inhibiting CCAR1/β‐catenin pathway‐mediated cancer stemness
Authors: Wang Lanqing , Zhao Lei , Lin Zhenyu , Yu Dandan , Jin Min , Zhou Pengfei , Ren Jinghua , Cheng Jing , Yang Kunyu , Wu Gang , Zhang Tao , Zhang Dejun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo date, 5‐fluorouracil‐based chemotherapy is very important for locally advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). However, chemotherapy resistance results in tumor recurrence and metastasis, which is a major obstacle for treatment of CRC.MethodsIn the current research, we establish 5‐fluorouracil resistant cell lines and explore the potential targets associated with 5‐fluorouracil resistance in CRC. Moreover, we perform clinical specimen research, in vitro and in vivo experiments and molecular mechanism research, to reveal the biological effects and the mechanism of DCLK1 promoting 5‐fluorouracil resistance, and to clarify the potential clinical value of DCLK1 as a target of 5‐fluorouracil resistance in CRC.ResultsWe discover that doublecortin‐like kinase 1 (DCLK1), a cancer stem cell maker, is correlated with 5‐fluorouracil resistance, and functionally promotes cancer stemness and 5‐fluorouracil resistance in CRC. Mechanistically, we elucidate that DCLK1 interacts with cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 1 (CCAR1) through the C‐terminal domain, and phosphorylates CCAR1 at the Ser343 site, which is essential for CCAR1 stabilisation. Moreover, we find that DCLK1 positively regulates β‐catenin signalling via CCAR1, which is responsible for maintaining cancer stemness. Subsequently, we prove that blocking β‐catenin inhibits DCLK1‐mediated 5‐fluorouracil resistance in CRC cells. Importantly, we demonstrate that DCLK1 inhibitor could block CCAR1/β‐catenin pathway‐mediated cancer stemness and consequently suppresses 5‐fluorouracil resistant CRC cells in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionsCollectively, our findings reveal that DCLK1 promotes 5‐fluorouracil resistance in CRC by CCAR1/β‐catenin pathway‐mediated cancer stemness, and suggest that targeting DCLK1 might be a promising method to eliminate cancer stem cells for overcoming 5‐fluorouracil resistance in CRC.
Single‐cell atlas of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pregnant women
Authors: Chen Dongsheng , Wang Wei , Wu Linlin , Liang Langchao , Wang Shiyou , Cheng Yunfeng , Zhang Tongda , Chai Chaochao , Luo Qiuhong , Sun Chengcheng , Zhao Wandong , Lv Zhiyuan , Gao Ya , Wu Xiaoxia , Sun Ning , Zhang Yiwei , Zhang Jing , Chen Yixuan , Tong Jianing , Wang Xiangdong , Bai Yong , Sun Chaoyang , Jin Xin , Niu Jianmin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring pregnancy, mother–child interactions trigger a variety of subtle changes in the maternal body, which may be reflected in the status of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Although these cells are easy to access and monitor, a PBMC atlas for pregnant women has not yet been constructed.MethodsWe applied single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) to profile 198,356 PBMCs derived from 136 pregnant women (gestation weeks 6 to 40) and a control cohort. We also used scRNA‐seq data to establish a transcriptomic clock and thereby predicted the gestational age of normal pregnancy.ResultsWe identified reconfiguration of the peripheral immune cell phenotype during pregnancy, including interferon‐stimulated gene upregulation, activation of RNA splicing‐related pathways and immune activity of cell subpopulations. We also developed a cell‐type‐specific model to predict gestational age of normal pregnancy.ConclusionsWe constructed a single‐cell atlas of PBMCs in pregnant women spanning the entire gestation period, which should help improve our understanding of PBMC composition turnover in pregnant women.
Complex functional redundancy of Tbx2 and Tbx3 in mouse limb development
Authors: Lopatka Alika , Moon Anne M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe limb phenotypes of Tbx2 and Tbx3 mutants are distinct: loss of Tbx2 results in isolated duplication of digit 4 in the hindlimb while loss of Tbx3 results in anterior polydactyly and posterior oligodactly in the forelimb. In the face of such disparate phenotypes, we sought to determine whether Tbx2 and Tbx3 have functional redundancy during development of the mouse limb. We found that sequential loss of alleles generates defects that are not simply additive of those observed in single mutants and that multiple structures in both the forelimb and hindlimb display compound sensitivity to decreased gene dosage.
Green roof irrigation management based on substrate water potential assures water saving without affecting plant physiological performance
Authors: Tomasella Martina , De Nardi Enrico , Petruzzellis Francesco , Andri Sergio , Castello Miris , Nardini Andrea 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIrrigation management in extensive green roofs (EGRs) is crucial in Mediterranean and semi‐arid climates, as it should guarantee efficient water use while ensuring plant survival and vegetation cover. However, benefits of maintaining moderately low substrate water potential (Ψs) have not been adequately investigated to date. An irrigation control unit based on Ψs thresholds for irrigation (MediWater Safe [MWS]) was compared to a common irrigation timer maintaining Ψs ⁓ 0 MPa (CTR) in shrub‐vegetated Mediterranean EGR modules. The effect of the different irrigation regimes on substrate temperature, plant water relations (leaf conductance to water vapour, midday water potential and turgor loss point) and root vulnerability to heat stress via electrolyte leakage was tested in four shrub species. Decreasing Ψs thresholds to −0.4 MPa reduced irrigation volumes by 68% in 3 summer months. However, the MWS unit neither influenced plant water status and vegetation cover nor induced physiological acclimation responses. Brief irrigation cycles imposed by MWS in the warmest hours reduced substrate surface temperature by 3°C compared to CTR. Plant water status dynamics and root vulnerability to heat were species specific. Progressive stomatal closure and plant decline occurred only in Ceanothus thyrsiflorus and were associated to high root vulnerability to heat. Mortality occurred only in some Ceanothus plants in the CTR module, where higher Ψs favoured the expansion of Hyperucum x moserianum. The results suggest that selecting proper Ψs thresholds for irrigation could optimize EGR benefits, guaranteeing substantial water savings and proper plant establishment. Moreover, we claim root resistance to heat as a key parameter for plant selection in Mediterranean EGRs.
Facile One‐Pot Synthesis and Enhanced Photocatalytic Performances of Ternary Metal Sulfide Composite g‐C3N4/Cu3SnS4
Authors: Tian Yiming , Zhang Jiahua , Yang Xiao , Jia Dingxian 
Published: May 2022

Abstractg‐C3N4/Cu3SnS4 (CN/CTS) nanocomposite photocatalysts were synthesized by solvothermal in‐situ reaction. SEM analyses show that petal‐like nanoparticles of Cu3SnS4 cover the nanosheets of g‐C3N4 in the CN/CTS composites. As the doping amount of CTS increases from 5 % to 20 %, the band gaps of the CN/CTS composites decrease from 2.66 eV to 2.46 eV. All CN/CTS composites display higher photocurrent densities than pristine g‐C3N4 and CTS, indicating high charge transfer capacity and low recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes for the CN/CTS composites under light irradiation. Photocatalytic experiments on the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) showed that 59.3 %–82.7 % of MB were degraded in 3.5 h over the CN/CTS composites, which were higher than those of pristine g‐C3N4 and CTS due to the enhanced photocurrent densities of the CN/CTS composites. The catalytic performance of CN/CTS composites was affected by the doping amount of CTS. The CN/10 %‐CTS composite exhibited the best catalytic efficiencies with the MB degradation of 82.7 %, which is consistent with the result that it has the highest photocurrent density of 0.84 μA/cm2.
Dinuclear Diferrous Complexes of a Bis(tetradentate) Dinucleating Ligand: Influence of the Exogenous Ligands on the Molecular and Electronic Structures
Authors: Röhs Fridolin L. B. , Dammers Susanne , Stammler Anja , Oldengott Jan , Bögge Hartmut , Bill Eckhard , Glaser Thorsten 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe ligand susan6−Me (susan6−Me=4,7‐dimethyl‐1,1,10,10‐tetra(6‐methyl‐2‐pyridylmethyl)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazadecane) allows the synthesis of a peroxo complex that is only a transient species under catalytic conditions with the closely related ligand susan (susan=4,7‐dimethyl‐1,1,10,10‐tetra(2‐pyridylmethyl)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazadecane). For the synthesis of a peroxo complex analogous to that of susan6−Me we present here the three air‐sensitive complexes [(susan){FeIICl2}2], [(susan){FeII(OTf)2}2], and [(susan){FeII(μ‐OH)2FeII}](ClO4)2 as potential precursors. [(susan){FeII(μ‐OH)2FeII}](ClO4)2 shows weak antiferromagnetic coupling and a g=16 EPR signal. Dissolving [(susan){FeII(OTf)2}2] in CH3CN forms [(susan){FeII(CH3CN)2}2]4+ that shows a spin transition upon cooling as evidenced by UV‐Vis, 1H NMR, and Mössbauer spectroscopies. In the UV‐Vis‐NIR spectra the combination of (i) the energy of the MLCT, (ii) the energy, and (iii) the splitting of the d–d transitions provide insight into the overall electron donation and into the different σ‐donor/π‐donor/π‐acceptor capabilities of the exogenous ligands. These experimental signatures provide insight into the molecular structures in solution e. g. during reactions with O2.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Spirocyclopentane Oxindoles Bearing Five Consecutive Stereocenters through Secondary Amine‐Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Zhou Jing‐Wei , Chen Ben‐Hong , Zhang Feng‐Hua , Xue Jing , He Xiang‐Hong , Peng Cheng , Huang Wei , Zhao Qian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis work delineates a Michael‐initiated ring‐closing [3+2] cycloaddition of newly designed 3‐(1‐benzyl‐2‐oxoindolin‐3‐yl)pentane‐2,4‐diones with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes. During the chiral secondary amine‐catalyzed cascade reaction, highly functionalized spirocyclopentane oxindole derivatives containing five consecutive stereogenic centers were formed, two of which were tetrasubstituted carbon. All the desired products are smoothly obtained in good yields (up to 90 %) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99 : 1 er) and diastereoselectivities (up to >95 : 5 dr). Meanwhile, the practicality of this strategy was highlighted by the further gram‐scale experiment and a set of synthetic transformations.