bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study between high-flow nasal oxygen therapy and venturi mask oxygen therapy for postoperative laparoscopic bariatric surgery patients with atelectasis: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Allam Asmaa Ahmed Nabeeh Negmeldin Abdelr , Elsersi Mayar Hassan Sayed Ahmed , Elkady Galal Adel Mohamed Abdelreheem , Hafez Amr Fouad , Algendy Mohamed Abdelsalam Aly 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Obesity has been identified as an independent risk factor for postoperative respiratory complications in several studies. In the pediatric and newborn populations, high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO2) therapy was initially demonstrated to be an effective treatment for acute respiratory failure. It becomes increasingly popular as a therapy for adult patients, with a growing range of clinical applications.

Results
One hundred ten patients were admitted to the ICU for postoperative care after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. They were examined and randomized equally into two groups: group A (HFNO2 therapy group) who received high-flow nasal oxygen therapy, group B (VMO2 therapy group) who received venturi mask oxygen therapy. The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2), partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2), respiratory rate, and length of ICU stay were recorded. The partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood (PaO2) was 131.764 (95% CI 124.562–138.965) in the HFNO2 group versus 106.767 (95% CI 99.565–113.968) in the VMO2 group, partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) was 321.81 (95% CI 307.486–336.153) in the HFNO2 group versus 276.767 (95% CI 262.433–291.100) in the VMO2 group, and respiratory rate was 20.778 (95% CI 20.172–21.385) in the HFNO2 group versus 24.047 (95% CI 23.441–24.654) in the VMO2 group, while the length of ICU stay was the HFNO2 group (1.09 ± .29 days) and (1.00 ± .000 day) in the VMO2 group.

Conclusions
In conclusion, our study has shown that high-flow nasal oxygen therapy in postoperative laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy patients with atelectasis-maintained oxygenation represented as PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 higher than the venturi mask and significantly decreased the respiratory rate but did not decrease the length of ICU stay when compared to venturi mask oxygen therapy.

Trial registration
Clinical trial registered with http://www.pactr.org (PACTR202108492295773).
“It’s all in the moment”: a mixed-methods study of elementary science teacher adaptiveness following professional development on knowledge generation approaches
Authors: Lammert Catherine , Hand Brian , Suh Jee Kyung , Fulmer Gavin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis special edition is based on the revelation that “the lessons learned and unlearned during COVID-19 grant us an unparalleled opportunity to reflect.” Here, we reflect on lessons learned related to teacher adaptiveness. We examined how the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the adaptiveness necessary for teachers to knowledge generation approaches aligned with the Next Generation Science Standards. First, we outline a three-year professional development program focused on knowledge generation approaches. We present findings from teachers’ experiences teaching science from 2019 to 2021, collected through consecutive form explanatory mixed-methods analysis involving written responses to vignettes (n = 474) and classroom observations (n = 58). Then, using an individual teacher case study, we explore how the shift to virtual teaching was supported by adaptiveness. Results suggest a significant relationship between teacher adaptiveness and the use of knowledge generation approaches. We conclude with implications for elementary science teacher professional development and present questions for further research on adaptiveness.
Molecular Imaging of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Authors: Refardt Julie , Hofland Johannes , Wild Damian , Christ Emanuel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The key for molecular imaging is the use of a radiotracer with a radioactive and a functional component. While the functional component targets a specific feature of the tumor, the radioactive component makes the target visible.
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are a diverse group of rare tumors that arise from neuroendocrine cells found mainly in the gastroenteropancreatic system, lung, thyroid, and adrenal glands. They are characterized by the expression of specific hormone receptors on the tumor cell surface, which makes them ideal targets for radiolabeled peptides.
The most commonly expressed hormone receptors on NEN cells are the somatostatin receptors. They can be targeted for molecular imaging with various radiolabeled somatostatin analogs, but also with somatostatin antagonists, which have shown improved imaging quality. 18F-DOPA imaging has become a second-line imaging modality in NENs, with the exception of the evaluation of advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma.
Alternatives for NENs with insufficient somatostatin receptor expression due to poor differentiation involve targeting glucose metabolism, which can also be used for prognosis. For the localization of the often-small insulinoma, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor imaging has become the new standard. Other alternatives involve metaiodobenzylguanidine and the molecular target C-X-C motif chemokine receptor-4. In addition, new radiopeptides targeting the fibroblast activation protein, the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor and cholecystokinin-2 receptors have been identified in NENs and await further evaluation.
This mini-review aims to provide an overview of the major molecular imaging modalities currently used in the field of NENs, and also to provide an outlook on future developments.
Association Between Anthropometric Indices and Nonanthropometric Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Saudi Adults
Authors: Al-Ahmadi Jawaher , Enani Sumia , Bahijri Suhad , Al-Raddadi Rajaa , Jambi Hanan , Eldakhakhny Basmah , Borai Anwar , Ajabnoor Ghada , Tuomilehto Jaakko 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Context
Waist circumference (WC) is used in screening for metabolic syndrome (MetS) based on its association with cardiometabolic risk. This might apply differently in ethnically different populations. Associations with other measures are also unclear.

Objective
This work aimed to investigate the association between neck circumference (NC), WC, WC:hip circumference, WC:height (WC:Ht), NC:Ht, fat percentage, body mass index (BMI), conicity index, abdominal volume index, and weight-adjusted waist index with nonanthropometric components of MetS in nondiabetic Saudi adults.

Methods
This cross-sectional study took place in public health centers in Jeddah, comprising 1365 Saudi adults (772 men and 593 women) aged 18 years or older not previously diagnosed with diabetes.

Main outcome measures included
the presence of 2 or more nonanthropometric components of the MetS were used to define clinical metabolic abnormality (CMA). The predictive ability of studied anthropometric indices for CMA was determined using the area under receiver operating characteristics (AUC) curve and binary logistic regression.

Results
A total of 157 men and 83 women had CMA. NC and NC:Ht had the highest predictive ability for CMA in men (odds ratio [OR]NC = 1.79, P &lt; .001 and ORNC:Ht = 1.68, P &lt; .001; AUCNC = 0.69 [95% CI, 0.64-0.74] and AUCNC:Ht = 0.69 [95% CI, 0.64-0.73]). In women, WC had the highest predictive ability ORWC = 1.81, P &lt; .001; AUCWC = 0.75 [95% CI, 0.69-0.80]).

Conclusion
Upper-body anthropometric indicators that were associated with subcutaneous fat had the highest predictive ability for CMA in men whereas abdominal obesity indictors had the best predictive ability in women, suggesting that fat distribution might contribute to CMA in a sex-specific manner.
Influence of Time of Discharge and Length of Stay on 30-Day Outcomes After Elective Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery
Authors: Sastry Rahul A. , Hagan Matthew J. , Feler Joshua , Shaaya Elias A. , Sullivan Patricia Z. , Abinader Jose Fernandez , Camara Joaquin Q. , Niu Tianyi , Fridley Jared S. , Oyelese Adetokunbo A. , Sampath Prakash , Telfeian Albert E. , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Toms Steven A. , Weil Robert J. 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:
Encouraging early time of discharge (TOD) for medical inpatients is commonplace and may potentially improve patient throughput. It is unclear, however, whether early TOD after elective spine surgery achieves this goal without a consequent increase in re-presentations to the hospital.

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate whether early TOD results in increased rates of hospital readmission or return to the emergency department after elective anterior cervical spine surgery.

METHODS:
We analyzed 686 patients who underwent elective uncomplicated anterior cervical spine surgery at a single institution. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic, procedural, and discharge characteristics, and the outcomes of readmission or return to the emergency department and TOD.

RESULTS:
In multiple logistic regression, TOD was not associated with increased risk of readmission or return to the emergency department within 30 days of surgery. Weekend discharge (odds ratio [OR] 0.33, 95% CI 0.21-0.53), physical therapy evaluation (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.28-0.71), and occupational therapy evaluation (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.17-0.63) were all significantly associated with decreased odds of discharge before noon. Disadvantaged status, as measured by area of deprivation index, was associated with increased odds of readmission or re-presentation (OR 1.86, 95% CI 0.95-3.66), although this result did not achieve statistical significance.

CONCLUSION:
There does not appear to be an association between readmission or return to the emergency department and early TOD after elective spine surgery. Overuse of inpatient physical and occupational therapy consultations may contribute to decreased patient throughput in surgical admissions.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis and International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society Practice Guidelines
Authors: Singh Raj , Chen Ching-Jen , Didwania Prabhanjan , Kotecha Rupesh , Fariselli Laura , Pollock Bruce E. , Levivier Marc , Paddick Ian , Yomo Shoji , Suh John H. , Sahgal Arjun , Sheehan Jason P. 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:
Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are often treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to achieve complete obliteration (CO), prevent future hemorrhages, and ameliorate neurological symptoms.

OBJECTIVE:
To summarize outcomes after SRS for dAVFs and propose relevant practice recommendations.

METHODS:
Using a PICOS/PRISMA/MOOSE protocol, we included patients with dAVFs treated with SRS and data for at least one of the outcomes of the study. Relevant outcomes were CO, symptom improvement and cure, and post-SRS hemorrhage or permanent neurological deficits (PNDs). Estimated outcome effect sizes were determined using weighted random-effects meta-analyses using DerSimonian and Laird methods. To assess potential relationships between patient and lesion characteristics and clinical outcomes, mixed-effects weighted regression models were used.

RESULTS:
Across 21 published studies, we identified 705 patients with 721 dAVFs treated with SRS. The CO rate was 68.6% (95% CI 60.7%-76.5%) with symptom improvement and cure rates of 97.2% (95% CI 93.2%-100%) and 78.8% (95% CI 69.3%-88.2%), respectively. Estimated incidences of post-SRS hemorrhage and PNDs were 1.1% (95% CI 0.6%-1.6%) and 1.3% (95% CI 0.8%-1.8%), respectively. Noncavernous sinus (NCS) dAVFs were associated with lower CO (P = .03) and symptom cure rates (P = .001). Higher grade was also associated with lower symptom cure rates (P = .04), whereas previous embolization was associated with higher symptom cure rates (P = .01).

CONCLUSION:
SRS for dAVFs results in CO in the majority of patients with excellent symptom improvement rates with minimal toxicity. Patients with NCS and/or higher-grade dAVFs have poorer symptom cure rates. Combined therapy with embolization and SRS is recommended when feasible for clinically aggressive dAVFs or those refractory to embolization to maximize the likelihood of symptom cure.
The use of Doppler vascular resistance in the early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease progression in patients with renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Pasichnyk Serhiy , Mytsyk Yulian , Hreschukh Lilia , Kowal P. , Pietrus M. , Borzhiievskyi A. , Lychkovsky Оlexander 
Published: April 2022

Development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after radical nephrectomy remains an extremely pressing contemporary issue.
Postoperative changes of the ultrasound resistance index (RI) in the contralateral kidney not affected by the tumor after surgical treatment of RCC, as well as correlations between changes in IR and in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) remain far from being comprehensively investigated.
The RI changes in the parenchyma of the intact (unaffected by the tumor) kidney before and after surgical treatment for RCC, and establishing correlations between RI changes and creatinine-dependent GFR remain unexplored issues.
Objective. To assess the correlation between RI and GFR in the kidney not affected by the RCC before and after radical nephrectomy.
Materials and methods. The study enrolled 49 patients. Group I included 37 patients with an initial diagnosis of RCC (on the right), Stage III of the disease, and without signs of chronic renal failure (GFR was ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m2).
In patients with RCC, six months after surgery, the RI increase in the contralateral kidney unaffected by the tumor was significantly associated with a significant reduction in GFR. Thus, RI can be potentially used to predict the development of CKD in this patient population.
Establishing consensus on the appropriate selection of continence pads to achieve optimal care while reducing the risk of harm: part of a holistic approach for people with incontinence
Authors: Orme Susie , Yates Ann , Fortes-Mayer Gail , Reynolds Lindsay , Vickerman Julie , Fordham Sally , Robinson Jacqueline 
Published: April 2022

Background/Aims Continence conditions are a widespread and prevalent issue within the UK. However, provision of continence products are not distributed on an equitable basis across the country and often do not take into account patient-centric factors, such as quality of life and physical needs. The aim of this study was to establish the level of agreement held by UK healthcare professionals around the provision and selection of continence products and identify any areas where recommendations could be proposed to reduce harm to patients in relation to quality of life, mental health, skin health and patient wellbeing through the right choice of continence product. Methods A steering group of incontinence experts identified 50 statements impacting continence care. From this, an online survey was developed and respondents from across the UK were invited to rate their agreement with each statement. A modified Delphi methodology was used to review responses, with a threshold for consensus agreement set at 66%. Results A total of 181 responses were received. Overall, 39 out of 50 statements achieved very high consensus agreement (≥90%), nine statements achieved high consensus agreement (between 66% and 90%) and two statements did not achieve the consensus threshold but were over 60%. Conclusions The results demonstrated clear support among respondents for making improvements that focus on meeting the individual needs of the patient, which includes accurate, comprehensive continence assessment and product provision and mental health aspects, rather than budgetary concerns.
Distributed Generation and Energy Management: Reducing Energy Costs
Authors: Priddy Mr. Ritchie 
Published: April 2022

We are entering a new energy era in the United States, one that isforcing—or will force—end-users to become much more energy-minded,efficient and more mindful of energy costs and uses. In other words, theywill need to become fairly sophisticated energy managers, or be willingto outsource their energy purchasing needs. There are a number of driv-ers to suggest that this scenario will, indeed, play out. Such drivers in-clude:• The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) mega-Noticeof Proposed Rulemaking (NOPR RM01-12-000) issued in July, 2002states that the FERC is placing equal weight on all potential electrictransmission solutions, including distributed generation.• A formal or informal national energy policy that reflects the threatof energy shortfalls within two decades. This strategy will equallyfocus on conservation, efficiency improvements and alternativeenergy as well as domestic production;• Lack of investments in grid infrastructure (and subsequent eventssuch as the August blackout);• The popularity of existing demand response programs;• Volatile energy prices resulting in rising prices over time in someenergy markets;
• Market rules that require much more sophistication in order tobenefit from deregulation, including nominations and compliancepenalties;• Automated meter reading (AMR) growth;• Rapid adoption of internet-connected devices;• Energy service companies’ continued growth; and,• An emerging liability issue.While the status of the FERC mega-NOPR is unclear, the demandresponse aspect will likely gain acceptance in other forums. Together,these drivers have the potential to help shape and deliver the long-awaited distributed generation (DG) market 1 . Of course, the current“hybrid” model of regulation—stuck somewhere between open andclosed markets—and other barriers (emissions, interconnect, etc.) willcontinue to be the determining factors in the short-term. But, the overalltrend suggests that DG will, indeed, finally emerge as a resource ac-cepted by all parties—regulators, utilities and end-users.Notice that the majority of drivers are demand side focused, andnot supply oriented!The strategy of the future is one of risk management. This is adramatically different business model from the one that is now in placebecause it could lead to fewer operating hours (peaking vs. base load),thus increasing paybacks. But, it could also lead to much wider accep-tance of DG as one more solution to manage customers’ energy bills. Theenabling technologies for this transformation include new generations ofcontrols and energy management systems that will seamlessly bring DGand load management together.Winning products will include low-cost, hassle-free, plug and playand clean DG/CHP; retrofit emissions controls; and sophisticated, reli-able, affordable controls.
Case Study of the Austin Energy Dell Regional Children’s Medical Center of Central Texas Packaged Hybrid CHP Energy Plant in Austin, Texas
Authors: Mardiat Ed , Teigen Jim , Braddock Cliff , Berry Jeanette (Jan) B. , Newcomer Adam , Moroz Robert (Bob) P. 
Published: April 2022

Innovative approach to designing an integrated packaged andmodular hybrid energy plant allows for improved reliability, redun-dancy and ef ficiency. Austin Energy, who will own and operate thisplant, selected Burns & McDonnell as their packaged plant integrator.Austin Energy has signed an energy services agreement to provide thenew hospital with power, chilled water and steam.The plant is the first of its kind in the State of Texas using theCHP module to generate primary power for the Dell Children’s Medi-cal Center of Central Texas with the grid providing backup power. Thepackaged and modular CHP plant will utilize the state-of-the-art SolarTurbines Mercury 50 combustion turbine, which has a simple cycle heatrate ef ficiency of 38 percent and produces less than 5 ppm NO x andmeets the Texas 2005 emission mandate without the need for a catalyst,counting the thermal bene fits of steam and chilled water. In addition,the hybrid plant will utilize a heat recovery steam generator, packagedchiller plant and boiler, absorption cooling and thermal energy storageto maximize system ef ficiency, operational flexibility and reliability ofservices to the hospital and the campus district cooling system.
The hybrid energy plant control system will allow the system tobe remotely monitored and operated from an off-site operational controlcenter. This article will provide insight into the design of the hybridenergy plant and present features and bene fits to this type of packagedand modular system approach. In addition to hospitals that have a needfor grid independence, universities, airports, and other critical facilities,such as data centers, will bene fit from this type of packaged hybridenergy plant approach.
Technical and Economic Assessment Of Solar Thermal Absorption Cooling Systems in Small Commercial Buildings
Authors: Burns Mr. Steven , Lee Mr. Kenneth , Hinrichs Mr. Douglas 
Published: April 2022

This article presents the results of an initial assessment of the tech-nical and economic feasibility of supplemental solar thermal absorptioncooling systems for small commercial and institutional buildings in theSouthwestern United States. Solar thermal absorption cooling systemsuse chillers powered by solar energy rather than natural gas or electric-ity. The following factors may position solar thermal absorption coolingsystems as a competitive alternative to conventional electric or natural-gas-driven air conditioning:• Recent technology advances have occurred in concentrating solarthermal direct flow vacuum tube-type collectors.• The Energy Policy Act of 2005 includes a non-capped 30% invest-ment tax credit for solar thermal cooling systems on commercialbuildings.• Natural gas retail prices are near record highs, increasing peakelectricity rates.
• Use of renewable energy powered cooling systems can lead tolower electric demand and reduced power plant emissions.Initial assessment results show that solar thermal cooling systemsare feasible in areas with a con fluence of high solar insolation, highcooling demand, and high electric rates, achieving payback of less than8 years in typical five-story buildings. In smaller commercial and institu-tional buildings, solar thermal absorption cooling system life-cycle costsare also favorable in comparison to conventional cooling systems.
Reduction of solar infrared heating by using highly transparent thin films based on organic chiral nematic liquid crystal polymer
Authors: Khoshkhati Farid , Mohammadimasoudi Mohammad , Neyts Kristiaan 
Published: April 2022

This paper demonstrates a thin and transparent reflector film for the near infrared, based on chiral nematic liquid crystal (CLC) polymers. Two films reflect almost 50% of unpolarized incident light from 730 to 820 nm and from 880 to 1030 nm, while remaining completely transparent in the visible region with transmittance>90%. An efficient window uses the combination of two reflectors. After exposing two window-cubes for 2 h to direct sunlight, the temperature inside the cube with reflector windows was 4°C lower than in cube with plain windows. This reveals that the infrared (IR) reflectors can effectively control the indoor temperature. These films, which are 8 µm in thickness, can be detached from the glass substrates and used as a free-standing film, or be attached to a flexible optical foil or a solid window. The foils can be applied in buildings, offices, and automobiles to statically reduce the energy consumption required for air conditioning or lighting. The free-standing foils show acceptable resistance to polar protic solvents and are thermally stable up to 100°C.
Vector magnetometer based on the effect of coherent population trapping
Authors: Andryushkov V. , Radnatarov D. , Kobtsev S. 
Published: April 2022

The method is presented for converting a coherent population trapping (CPT) atomic clock into a CPT vector (compass-) magnetometer without mechanically moving parts through a relatively simple add-on. The system of 3D Helmholtz coils was used for compensation of the external magnetic field, allowing measurement of both strength and direction of a magnetic field at the sensitivity level of

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within a 10-Hz bandwidth. Angular resolution of the developed vector magnetometer amounts to about

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degrees.