bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors that contribute to the Late Presentation of Surgical Acute Abdomen of the patients attending Muhimbili National Hospital – Tanzania
Authors: Hamdan Maryam , Xin Chen , Yang Xu , Mavura Peter Maurice , Kannani George , Zhaohui Xu , Zezhong Gong , Hyokju Ri , Amado Boureima , Yanying Ren , Haonan Kang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Acute abdomen is a sudden and severe abdominal pain associated with nausea or vomiting. Its prevalence is high in east Africa. In Tanzania, the most common cases of the acute abdomen are malignancies, intestinal obstruction and peptic ulcers.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a general surgery clinic at Muhimbili National Hospital - Tanzania from March 2022 to August 2022. It aimed to show the contribution of Social-Demographic as well as health-related factors to the late presentation of Surgical Acute Abdomen in patients attending Muhimbili National Hospital in Tanzania. The data were inserted and analyzed by SPSS, a Frequency distribution table was used to summarize social-demographic characteristics, and a Chi-Square (Fisher Exact) was used to find an association of those factors with the Surgical Abdomen.
Results: A total of 170 patients participated in the study, of them males were 115 (67.6%) and the females were 55 (32.4%). The mean age was 37 years with a standard deviation of 20 years in which the Maximum and Minimum were 85 and 0.2 years respectively. Age was a significant (p-0.05) factor in the late acute surgical abdomen in which an older group (76.2%) was shown to be presented Late than other groups. Non-formal (83.3%) and un education (70.0%) were the strongest factors in leading to Late and Acute Abdominal Surgery while educated groups like University/College had shown to be presented early (59.9%) to the Acute abdominal Surgery although was not a statically significant (p-0.121). Government employment had shown less effect (44.4%) on causing late surgical acute abdomen than private and self-ones (52.6%, 54.1%) (p-0.94). The family had shown a statically significant (p-0.03) effect on the emergence of the acute abdominal surgery in which the cohabiting one had an increasing chance (88.9%) of being Late to the hospital for surgical procedures. An appropriate surgeon’s task force (52.7%) was also a factor to cause a late surgical acute abdomen for those patients although was not statically significant (p-0.751).
Conclusion: Non-formal education, cohabiting family, self and private employment, adequate health staff and increasing age were the factors contributing to Late Surgical Acute abdomen for patients who attended Muhimbili National Hospital in Tanzania.
Deep-Learning Approach to Detect Childhood glaucoma Based on Periocular Photograph
Authors: Kitaguchi Yoshiyuki , Hayakawa Rina , Kawashima Rumi , Matsushita Kenji , Tanaka Hisashi , Kawasaki Ryo , Fujino Takahiro , Usui Shinichi , Shimojyo Hiroshi , Okazaki Tomoyuki , Nishida Kohji 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Childhood glaucoma is one of the major causes of blindness in children, however, its diagnosis is of great challenge. The study aimed to demonstrate and evaluate the performance of a deep-learning (DL) model for detecting childhood glaucoma based on periocular photographs. Primary gaze photographs of children diagnosed with glaucoma with appearance features (corneal opacity, corneal enlargement, and/or globe enlargement) were retrospectively collected from the database of a single referral center. DL framework with the RepVGG architecture was used to automatically recognize childhood glaucoma from photographs. The average receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 5-fold cross-validation was 0.91. When the 5-fold result was assembled, the DL model achieved an AUC of 0.95 with a sensitivity of 0.85 and specificity of 0.94. The DL model showed comparable accuracy to the pediatric ophthalmologists and glaucoma specialists in diagnosing childhood glaucoma (0.90 vs 0.81, p = 0.22, chi-square test), outperforming the average of human examiners in the detection rate of childhood glaucoma in cases without corneal opacity (72% vs. 34%, p = 0.038, chi-square test), with a bilateral corneal enlargement (100% vs. 67%, p = 0.03), and without skin lesions (87% vs. 64%, p = 0.02). Hence, this DL model is a promising tool for diagnosing missed childhood glaucoma cases.
Exploring the mechanism of action of TwHF in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Luo Feng , xuemei yuan , Xiong Hong , Yang Xiao-yu , Shen Min , Zhou Yong , Ma Wu-kai , Yao Xue-ming 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
objectives: To explore the Relationship and Potential Mechanism of Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F ( TwHF ) in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis ( RA ) Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking.
Methods:The main active ingredients and targets in TwHF were screened by searching the TCMSP database, combined with oral bioavailability and drug-like analysis, and then the drug-component-target maps were drawn by UniProt database and Cytoscape 3.9.0 software; the drug-target maps were searched in GeneCards, OMIM, TTD, pharmGKB, and drugbank databases. drugbank database to obtain the predicted targets of RA, draw Venn diagrams to derive the common targets of TwHF components and RA, and perform protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, GO enrichment and KEGG pathway The potential binding activities between the active ingredients of TwHF and the targets were predicted by molecular docking technique.
Results: TwHF had 7 active ingredients and 131 potential targets, RA had 4917 related targets, and TwHF and RA had 87 common targets. The target genes obtained by the PPI network include tumor necrosis factor (TNF), p53 tumor protein (TP53), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), etc.; GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis yielded 336 results and 121 signal pathways, respectively.
Conclusion: TwHF therapy for RA may be a multi-component, multi-target, multi-signal pathway biological process, it may be able to regulate VEGFA, TNF, TP53 and other targets, play anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and other functions.
Examination of spatial heterogeneity in population age frequency and recruitment in the ocean quahog (Arctica islandica Linnaeus 1767)
Authors: Sower Jillian , Powell Eric , Mann Roger , Hemeon Kathleen , Pace Sara , Redmond Theresa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The ocean quahog, Arctica islandica, is a commercially important species on the northwestern Atlantic continental shelf. This species can live over 200 years with ages varying widely per 5-mm size class (shell length), making study of age-related demographics difficult. To determine how the demography of this species differs across its range, including age frequencies, age-at-length relationships, and sex ratios, multiple populations from the Mid-Atlantic Bight and Georges Bank were studied. The age and length frequencies from two populations collected in 2019 from New Jersey, north and south of Hudson Canyon (39.840556 N, 72.821667 W and 39.33 N, 73.545 W, respectively), were analyzed and compared to two northern populations from Long Island (40.09658 N, 73.01057 W) and Georges Bank (40.72767 N, 67.79850 W), previously collected in 2015 and 2017. Sex-specific differences were also analyzed to determine how said differences influenced a range of demographic metrics. Though some similarities in recruitment trends exist, likely caused by large-geographic-scale environmental conditions, each site contains a distinct population with distinct demographics. Recruitment is consistent over hundreds of years, but year-to-year and decadal-length variations are apparent. One age-length key may potentially be used to represent Long Island and northern New Jersey, but the remaining sites are significantly dissimilar. Sex ratios also vary, potentially caused by differential survival of one sex during certain times in the past. Mortality rates for Georges Bank are distinctly higher compared to the other populations. Based on these results, the use of separate age-length keys would seem necessary for each population and each sex.
Comprehensive transcriptome and metabolome profiling reveals key regulating signaling and metabolic pathways of resistant hypertension in drug users
Authors: Yang Ji-Qun , Jia Jie , Zhao Yu , Wang Wei-Jie , Chen Tong , Du Ying-Rong , Hu Gui-Fang , Li Jun , Wang Ming-Chun , Kuang Yi-Qun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Hypertension patients with drug use have a low susceptibility to hypotensor. The pathogenesis and metabolic characteristics of hypertension in drug users remain unknown.
Methods: We performed high-throughput sequencing for transcriptome and metabolome of peripheral blood from 30 hypertension patients with drug use (HBP-DU) and 30 hypertension patients without drug use (HBP).
Results: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the HBP and HBP-DU groups were mainly involved in the pathways of toll-like receptor (TLR) cascades, FCERI signaling, and interleukin signaling. Differentially metabolites (DMs) were significantly enriched in the pathways of alanine and histidine metabolism. We identified a gene cluster (turquoise module, MEturquoise) correlated with the HBP-DU group, which has a similar function to DEGs. The abundance of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells was significantly decreased in the HBP-DU group.
Conclusions: These results indicated a potential function of histidine, immune cells, and the pathway of toll-like receptor cascades in drug use hypertension.
A retrospective study of second-line chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yue Wenwen , Dai Xichao , Tao Leilei , Bian Weigang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and Purpose:To immune checkpoint inhibitors (immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICIs) as the representative of immunotherapy is more and more widely used in the treatment of lung cancer, this study was to evaluate the recurrent metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (non – small cell lung cancer,NSCLC).Efficacy and safety of second-line chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy in patients with NSCLC.Methods:Twenty-three patients with recurrent NSCLC who were admitted to Yancheng First People's Hospital from June 2019 to October 2021 and progressed after first-line chemotherapy and received second-line chemotherapy combined with immunization were selected.To compare patients with ORR(objective response rate, ORR), PFS(progression free survival, PFS) and OS(overall survival, OS),To explore the application of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in second-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.Results: The ORR was 26.1% (6/23).Median PFS and median OS were 7.0 and 11.0 months, respectively.Age, gender, smoking history, performance status score (PS), pathological type, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage were not correlated with ORR, PFS, OS.There was no significant increase in adverse reaction of the second-line combined immunization.Conclusion: The efficacy of PFS and OS in patients with second-line chemotherapy combined with immunization is better.The optimal treatment of NSCLC needs to be further confirmed by large prospective clinical studies.
Exploring the training of pharmacists oriented to the demands for clinical pharmacy services: from the perspective of physicians
Authors: Jin Hang , Huang Yuankai , Xi Xiaoyu , Chen Lei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
To evaluate physicians' perceptions, expectations and experiences of clinical pharmacists in China from the perspective of physicians' demands, with a view to improving the training of pharmacists.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey involving physician (except for primary physicians) was conducted from July to August 2019 in China. Using a field questionnaire, this study gathered data on descriptive information about the respondents and their perceptions, experiences and expectations of clinical pharmacists. Data was analysed descriptively using frequencies, percentages and mean. Several subgroup analyses using Chi-square tests were conducted to identify physicians’ demands for clinical pharmacists in China.
Results
A total of 1376 physicians from secondary and tertiary hospitals in China (response rate = 92%) participated. The majority of the respondents were comfortable with clinical pharmacists providing education to patients (59.09%) and detecting and preventing prescription errors (60.17%), but they appeared uncomfortable when asked about clinical pharmacists suggesting the use of prescription medications to patients (15.71%). Most of the respondents agreed that clinical pharmacists are a reliable source of general drug information (81.84%) as opposed to clinical drug information (79.58%). The majority of the respondents expected clinical pharmacists to be knowledgeable drug therapy experts (95.56%) and to educate their patients about the safe and appropriate use of medications (95.56%).
Conclusion
Physicians’ perceptions and experiences were positively associated with the frequency of their interaction with clinical pharmacists. They had high expectations of clinical pharmacists as knowledgeable drug therapy experts. Corresponding policies and measures are needed to improve the education and training system of clinical pharmacists in China.
Prevalence of computer vision syndrome: a systematic review and meta- analysis
Authors: Lema Asamene Kelelom , Anbesu Etsay Woldu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Computer vision syndromes are becoming a major public health concern; however, less emphasis is given, particularly in developing countries. Although there are studies on different continents, there are inconsistent findings among the studies. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of computer vision syndrome.
Methods
In this study, the review was developed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Online electronic databases, including PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, and Google Scholar, were used to retrieve published and unpublished studies from December 1 to April 9/2022. Study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction were performed independently. Quality assessment of the studies was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument. Heterogeneity was assessed using statistical test I2. STATA 14 software was used for statistical analysis.
Results
A total of 7, 35 studies were retrieved, and 45 studies with a total 17,526 participants were included in the final meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of computer vision syndrome was 66% (95%, CI: 59, 74). Subgroup analysis based on country was highest in Pakistan 97% (95% CI: 96, 98) and the lowest was in Japan 12% (95% CI: 9, 15). Subgroup analysis based on country showed studies in Saudi Arabia (I2 = 99.41%, p-value < 0.001), Ethiopia (I2 = 72.6%, p-value < 0.001), and India (I2 = 98.04%, p-value < 0.001) had significant heterogeneity
Conclusion
Nearly two in three participants had computer vision syndrome. Thus, preventive practice strategic activities on computer vision syndrome are important interventions.
High SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among street adolescents in Lomé, Togo, 2021
Authors: SADIO Arnold Junior , FERRÉ Valentine Marie , KONU Rodion Yao , DAGNRA Anoumou Claver , DESCAMPS Diane , EKOUEVI Didier Koumavi , CHARPENTIER Charlotte 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background. There is almost no data on the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 among street adolescents. We conducted a study to document the immunization status of street adolescents in Togo against different variants of SARS-CoV-2.
Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2021 in Lomé, the city with the highest number of COVID 19 cases in Togo (60%). Adolescents aged 13- and 19 years old living on the street were eligible for inclusion. A standardized questionnaire was administered face-to-face to adolescents. A sample of blood was taken and aliquots of plasma were transported to the virology laboratory of the Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard (Paris, France). SARS-CoV-2 anti-S and anti-N IgG were measured using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. A quantitative miniaturized and parallel-arranged ELISA assay was used to detect IgG antibodies specifically directed against the different SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern (VOC).
Results. A total of 299 street adolescents (5.2% female), median age 15 years, interquartile range [14-17], were included in this study. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 63.5% (95%CI: 57.8-69.0). Specific-IgG against the ancestral Wuhan strain was developed by 92.0% of subjects. The proportion of patients being immunized against each VOC was 86.8%, 51.1%, 56.3%, 60.0, and 30.5% for the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron VOCs, respectively.
Conclusion. This study showed a very high prevalence with approximately 2/3 of Togolese street adolescents having antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 due to a previous infection. These results confirm an under-reporting of COVID-19 cases in Togo, questioning the hypothesis of low virus circulation in Togo and even in Africa.
Results of thermal osteonecrosis for implant removal on electron microscopy, implant stability, and radiographic parameters – a rat study
Authors: Kniha Kristian , Buhl Eva Miriam , Al-Sibai Faruk , Möhlhenrich Stephan Christian , Bock Anna , Heitzer Marius , Hölzle Frank , Modabber Ali 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of this rat study was to evaluate the feasibility of temperature thresholds that affect peri-implant bone cells and morphology and the potential usefulness of thermal necrosis for inducing implant removal for a subsequent in vivo pig study.
Methods
On one side, rat tibiae were thermally treated before implant insertion. The contralateral side was used as the control group without tempering. Temperatures of 4°C, 3°C, 2°C, 48°C, 49°C, and 50°C were evaluated with a tempering time of 1 min. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses were performed.
Results
The EDX analysis revealed significant increases in element weights at 50°C (e.g., calcium, phosphate, sodium, and sulfur; p < 0.01). The results of the TEM analysis showed that at all the applied cold and warm temperatures, signs of cell damage were observed, including vacuolization, shrinkage, and detachment from the surrounding bone matrix. Some cells became necrotic, leaving the lacunae empty.
Conclusions
Although this was a preliminary study, from the results, we identified that a temperature of 50°C at a time interval of 60 min can lower the number of samples in a further study of thermo-explantation. Thus, the subsequent planned in vivo study in pigs, which will consider osseointegrated implants, is feasible.
Osteopontin depletion in macrophages perturbs proteostasis and leads to UCHL1 deficiency and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis
Authors: Koronyo-Hamaoui Maya , Rentsendorj Altan , Raedschelders Koen , Fuchs Dieu-Trang , Sheyn Julia , Vaibhav Vineet , Porritt Rebecca A. , Shi Haoshen , Dagvadorj Jargalsaikhan , Germano Juliana De Freitas , Koronyo Yosef , Arditi Moshe , Black Keith L. , Gaire Bhakta P. , Eyk Jennifer E. Van 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN; also known as SPP1), an immunomodulatory cytokine highly expressed in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMΦ), is known to regulate diverse cellular and molecular immune responses. We previously revealed that glatiramer acetate (GA) stimulation of BMMΦ upregulates OPN expression, promoting an anti-inflammatory, phagocytic, pro-healing phenotype, whereas OPN inhibition triggered a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Here, we applied a global proteome profiling via mass spectrometry analysis to gain a mechanistic understanding of OPN suppression versus induction in macrophages. We identified over 630 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in OPN knockout (OPNKO) or GA-stimulated versus wild type (WT) macrophages. Two topmost downregulated DEPs in OPN-deficient macrophages were ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), a crucial component of ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and the anti-inflammatory Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX-1), whereas GA stimulation upregulated their expression. We confirmed UCHL1 expression in BMMΦ, which was previously recognized as a neuronal-specific protein. Further, immunoprecipitation assays suggest a direct interaction of OPN and UCHL1 proteins. Functional pathway analyses revealed two inversely regulated pathways in OPN-deficient macrophages: activated oxidative stress and lysosome-mitochondria-mediated apoptosis (ROS, Lamp1/2, ATP-synthase subunits, cathepsins, and cytochrome C and B subunits) and inhibited translation and proteolytic pathways (60S and 40S ribosomal subunits and UPS proteins). In agreement with the proteome-bioinformatics data, Western blot and immunocytochemical analyses revealed that OPN deficiency perturbs protein homeostasis (proteostasis) in macrophages—inducing apoptosis and inhibiting translation—whereas GA-stimulated OPN induction restores cellular proteostasis. Taken together, OPN is essential for macrophage homeostasis via regulation of cell viability, UCHL1-UPS, and protein synthesis, indicating its potential application in immunotherapy.
Comparison of 3 different techniques in the treatment of pilonidal sinüs
Authors: Anadolulu Ali ihsan , Gerçel Gonca 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose: It was aimed to compare the surgical excision and primary suturing, liquid phenol application and laser application in pilonidal sinus (Ps).
Methods: The files of 358 patients diagnosed with Ps in the years 2019-2022 were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 consisted of 125 patients who underwent surgical excision and primary suturing in 2019, group 2 of 194 patients who underwent liquid phenol in 2020-2021, and group 3 of 39 patients who underwent laser in 2022.
Results: A significant correlation was found between the groups and the development of infection (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant relationship between the groups and recurrence (p>0.05). A significant correlation was found between infection and recurrence (p<0.05). Recurrence is positive in 6.3% of infection-negative patients and 47.2% of infection-positive patients.
Conclusions: Rapid recovery, short operative time, low complication and recurrence rates have increased the tendency for minimally invasive methods. The presence of infection may cause recurrence regardless of the method.
Winter drought monitoring using Standard Precipitation Index over Nepal
Authors: Bagale Damodar Bagale , Sigdel Madan , Aryal Deepak 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The frequency of winter drought episodes marked frequently in the recent decade. This study examined the time series indices of drought variability over Nepal using historical data of 42-years (1977–2018) for 107 stations using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Monthly rainfall was used as input variable to generate the output for SPI time scales of each station. SPI threshold was used to identify severity, frequency, duration, and spatial extent of the drought episodes. The SPI3 output showed occurrence of major eight drought episodes. Among these years, dryness signals identified the worst drought episode in the year 2006. However, in regional prospective the western region observed extreme drought episode in 2009. There was distinct drought dynamics in each major drought event over the western, central and eastern Nepal. Spatial variability for SPI3 time scale was interpolated to depict spatial patterns of major drought episodes with their severities. The areas of Nepal affected by extreme, severe and moderate drought in winter were 4, 21 and 37%.