bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burnout’s in young doctors: Prevalence, socio-demographic and psychological associated factors
Authors: Kolsi S. , Hentati S. , Baati I. , Masmoudi J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionBurn-out is quite common in hospitals especially among young doctors. It results from a mismatch between expectation and professional reality.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of sever burnout and to identify its associated socio-demographic and psychological factors among young residents.MethodsAnalytical and descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among residents and interns working at the Hedi Chaker and Hbib Bourguiba University hospital in Sfax, Tunisia, during the month of July 2019. The characteristics of the participants were collected using a questionnaire. Burnout was evaluated using the Maslach Burnout Inventory(MBI) differentiating 3 components: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and luck of personal achievement.ResultsOut of 85 questionnaires disturbed,60 were selected corresponding to a response rate of 72.94%. The sex ratio (M/F) was 0.87. The middle age was 28.22. Forty three percent of the participants were married. More than half consumed tobacco and 45% of them consumed alcohol. The majority of doctors were residents(81.7%). The average working time was 55 hours per week. Burn-out was severe in 30% of our population. Furthermore, doctors who suffered from physical aggression(p=0.001) were more likely to develop severe burn-out. The dissatisfaction with the internship (p=0.01) and the feeling of do not satisfy seniors(p=0.02) were statistically associated with severe burnout. Severe burn-out was associated with anxiety (p=0.0073), conflictual partnership (p=0.0001),conflicts with colleagues(p=0.001) and the paramedical framework (p=0.0001)ConclusionsThe risk of burn-out is quite high among young doctors. Some factors seem to be associated with this phenomenon. This could affect not only the quality of life, but also the quality of care provided.Keywordburnout-young doctors-prevalence-associated factors
Evaluation of the frequency and predictive factors of cannabis consumption among students of the university of pharmacy of monastir
Authors: Bensaid N. , Ghorbel A. , Hmida K. Ben , Hachicha S. , Smaoui S. , Messadi F. , Aloulou J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIn Tunisia, the use of cannabis has become an important phenomenon in the society that not well attested by epidemiological studies.ObjectivesThe purpose of this work is to study the socio-demographic criteria of student of the faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir and risk factors encouraging them to consume cannabis and to estimate the extent of the phenomenon of dependence occurring among students.MethodsA questionnaire composed of 45 questions was sent to students of the Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir via the internet. The data was collected and analyzed using the software’ Google forms’ and ‘statistical package for social Science’ (SPSS)ResultsThe prevalence of cannabis use among students of the faculty of Pharmacy was worrying, increasing to 21.4 %, for moments of pleasure and relaxation of the stressful life (p=0 et p=0.008). The frequency of cannabis use had a significant impact on the desire to stop cannabis use (p=0.012). Of the 55 consumers, only 5 tried to stop or reduce cannabis use. About 88% of participants indicated that cannabis was responsible for psychological dependence. Polydrug use (tobacco, alcohol, other drugs) had a significant influence on this use (p=0).ConclusionsThe scourge of cannabis use has invaded not only universities, but also high schools and colleges. At the end of this work, we propose debates to find the necessary means to protect cannabis users cannabis and treat dependents.
Online gaming dependency, attention levels and sleep quality among online gamers
Authors: Esgalhado G. , Fernandes A. , Pereira H. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe persistent and recurrent use of the internet to engage in games, often with other players, which leads to clinically considerable deficits and online dependency still lacks more research support its impact of attentional levels and Sleep Quality.ObjectivesTo assess levels of Online Gaming Dependency, its impact on attention levels and quality of sleep among online gamers.MethodsThe following instruments were used: a sociodemographic questionnaire, as well as the Video Game Behavior Assessment Scale (α = .842) and the Portuguese version of Color and Words Stroop Test. The sample consists of 66 individuals, 92.3% male and 7.7% female, with an average age of 23.1 (SD ± 4.07).ResultsMild levels of online gaming dependency were obtained. Male gamers presented higher motivation to play online games, and higher levels of Stroop interference. Regarding the association between gaming behaviors and quality of sleep, results show that individuals who have difficulty falling asleep show greater motivation to play online games, a greater degree of concern with daily life and a greater frequency of negative behaviors in relation to online gambling.ConclusionsThe results show the importance of an increase in investigations in this area, as well as to the development of psychological assessment instruments and psychological intervention strategies, based on scientific evidence, on the different variables under study, in order to improve the quality of life in of individuals.
Exploring the relationship between problematic internet use and emotion regulation skills in tunisian medical students
Authors: Rhouma A. , Saguem B. , Nasr S. Ben 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThere is paucity of researches addressing the relationship between individuals struggling to identify, express and communicate their emotions and problematic internet use, especially among medical students.ObjectivesTo assess problematic internet use in Tunisian medical students and to address its relationship with emotion regulation skills.MethodsFirst to fifth-year undergraduate medical students registered in the medical school of Sousse, Tunisia, were offered to answer an online questionnaire survey, involving sociodemographic and clinical data, Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS).ResultsA total of 175 medical students participated in the study with a median age of 22 (20-23) years and a gender ratio of 0.3. Median score of IAT was 40 (30-48). Twenty-four percent of medical students (n=42) reported problematic Internet use. Higher scores of IAT were significantly associated with the perception of an unsatisfactory relationship with parents, not having a leisure activity, family history of psychiatric disorders, personal health conditions and regular alcohol consumption. Scores of IAT were strongly and positively correlated with the following DERS subscores: Non acceptance of emotional responses (r=0.328**), Difficulties engaging in goal directed behaviors (r=0.366**), Impulse control difficulties (r=0.238**), Limited access to emotional regulation strategies (r=0.311**), and Lack of emotional clarity (r=0.311**).ConclusionsProblematic internet use seems to emerge as part of a cluster of symptoms related to ineffective emotion regulation skills. Hence, training for affective regulation abilities appears strategically useful in the control of Internet use.
Management of tobacco dependence in patients with severe mental illness in german-speaking countries: A literature review
Authors: Salas D. Gurrea 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionA standardized approach to reduce or decrease the tobacco consumption is not performed. It is being used as a medium to socialize having an educational character on nursing and medical relationship.ObjectivesCurrent cessation program are thought for patients without relevant cognitive impairments. Evidence about alternative management for this patient subgroup was collected.MethodsThis investigation examined the state of the implementation of nicotine cessation therapy for chronic psychiatric patients in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. German- and English-speaking publications since 2010 were selected. 12 different reviews and control trials were included.ResultsInpatient experiences from maximum hospital care in Germany have been published in the last 10 years, but mostly by oncologist departments in collaboration with pulmonologists and cardiologists showing a poor interest from psychiatrists, not even for harm reduction strategies in patients with severe mental illness. Therefore, the identification and treatment of nicotine addiction remains very low in patients with mental health conditions. Cognitive and pharmacological interventions are not covered by the German health system.ConclusionsLatest evidence suggests that more flexible, open-ended, combination approaches of pharmacotherapy and counselling may be more successful. It will hence contribute to redressing the significant health and social inequities experienced by this. population sub-group as a consequence of tobacco smoking.
Spice related catatonia and its treatment: The case study
Authors: Pityk O. , Lutska O. , Sikora A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSynthetic Cannabinoids were recognized as drugs of abuse since 2008, they are sold under various names (Kush, K2, Spice).ObjectivesThe Patient N., 17 years old male was admitted to the hospital with a first-time psychotic episode. He is fond of extreme sports (ski jumping, gymnastic and acrobatic elements).MethodsThe patient was fully examined.ResultsThen he was taken to the admission department. About a week before admission he fell, injuring his leg and head. After that he did not sleep, became excited, aggressive, “said strange things”. During the admission patient showed disorganized behavior, agitation, paranoid ideation, beliefs that others were inserting thoughts into his head (“thought insertion”) and that his thoughts could be read by others (“thought broadcasting”), imperative “voices”, bizarre delusional thoughts. The UDT showed positive K2 analysis. The patient was prescribed Diazepam, Zuclopenthixol, Valproic acid. No improvement observed. Haloperidol was prescribed next day. Then Haloperodol was changed to Quetiapine, and after 10 days of treatment no improvement was observed. The patient started to show catatonia symptoms such as elective mutism, mild rigidity, signs of cog-wheeling or clasp-knife rigidity. He experienced anxiety, fear, did not take care of himself. Every day he started to be aggressive, impulsive, started to experience auditory hallucinations. Due to that fact it was decided to prescribe Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine, Phenazepame, Diphenhydramine.That treatment improved behavior.ConclusionsThus, the intensive treatment with antipsychotic medications in combination with benzodiazepines and diphenhydramine is much more preferable for the management of the cases of oneiroid catatonia due to the usage of Spice.
The relationship between physical pain and suicidal thoughts and behaviors in adolescents: A meta-analysis
Authors: De Filippi M. , Rignanese M. , Salmè E. , Madeddu F. , Calati R. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSuicide is the third leading cause of death in adolescents (15-19 years). Physical pain is an important risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behaviors, especially in a delicate phase as adolescence.ObjectivesSeveral studies investigated this association and the aim of this meta-analysis was to synthesize data in literature about this topic in adolescents (11-20 years).MethodsWe started from a systematic review published by Hinze and colleagues in 2019 and we searched on PubMed (January 2019-June 2020) studies comparing rates of suicidal outcomes (Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Plan, Attempt, Self-Harm: SI, SP, SA, SH) in individuals with any type of physical pain (head, back, neck, chest, stomach, abdomen, muscle, joint, arthritis) vs. those without it. Data were analyzed with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (CMA, version 3).ResultsOf the 16 included studies, eleven focused on SI (68.8%), six (37.5%) on SA, four (25%) on SH and two (12.5%) on SP. Adolescents with physical pain were more likely to report SI (p < .001), SH (p < .001), SA (p = .004) and SP (p = .006). In all analyses, the between study heterogeneity was high. The presence of publication bias has been detected in SI (k≥10).ConclusionsResults are in line with previous literature on this topic. Future research should investigate the specific impact of: acute vs. chronic pain; different types and intensities of pain; planned vs. impulsive action and therefore suicidal intent; role of psychological factors (in particular sensitivity and tolerance to physical pain).
Professional development: Training in ethics
Authors: Shchedrinskaya O. , Bebtschuk M. , Snarskaya E. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSome of the most vulnerable psychiatry patients are children under 18, as they can’t protect themselves and their rights from unethical behaviour of mental health professionals. There is a gap between theoretical knowledge and application of ethics at the workplace. Continuous education in ethics is necessary to address this gap.ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to compare various forms of education in ethics and develop training for mental health practitioners.MethodsThe study had 2 groups (356 participants, aged 23 to 67, average age – 41.3) – staff of the main and oldest children’s mental health clinic in Moscow, Russia. The control group (124 participants) of mental health professionals received written materials on ethics (such as ethical codes and ethical decision-making protocols). The test group (232 people) participated in a several trainings on ethics. The trainings included 3 parts – discussing the code of ethics, creating examples of potential ethical challenges and role-plays. Participants reported that the topics on the quality of care, common ethical dilemmas and relationships between the practitioners, young patients and legal guardians, were the most helpful for them.ResultsThe survey was conducted to evaluate the results. 70.8% of staff members that participated in training shared that they feel confident about applying the Code and the decision-making protocols in unclear cases. Only 32.6% from the control group reported the same level of confidence.ConclusionsHands-on training in ethics for continuing education has shown to be more beneficial, as compared to theoretical instructions
Can stress predict delivery date?: Role of chronic and acute stress to the threatened preterm labor as predictors of delivery date
Authors: Lorenzo J. Buesa , García-Blanco A. , Vento M. , Moreno-Giménez A. , Berga L. Campos , Diago V. , Hervás D. , Cháfer-Pericás C. , González P. Sáenz 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThreatened preterm labor (TPL) is a traumatic event during pregnancy that involves a threat to the physical integrity of the upcoming baby. Despite biomarkers would be the strongest delivery date predictors, an assessment of chronic and acute stress response to TPL diagnosis may improve this prediction.ObjectivesThe objective is to predict delivery date in women with TPL based on their response to this diagnosis and chronic stressors, along with relevant obstetric variables.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted with a sample was formed by 157 pregnant women with TPL diagnosis between 24 and 31 weeks. Determination of salivary cortisol, α-amylase levels, along with anxiety and depression symptoms were measured to estimate stress response to TPL. Cumulative life stressors as traumas, social and familiar functioning were also registered. To examine the effect of the possible predictor variables of delivery date, linear regression models were used.ResultsA correlation was found between the variables of response to chronic stress and between the variables of psychological response to stress. The main predictors of preterm delivery were low family adaptation, higher BMI, higher cortisol levels, and the week of diagnosis of TPL (<29 weeks of gestation).ConclusionsThe best predictor of delivery date was the combination of the stress response to the diagnosis of TPL measured by cortisol in saliva, cumulative life stressors (mainly family adaptation) and obstetric factors (week TPL and BMI). Through psychosocial therapeutic intervention programs, it is possible to influence this modifiable predictive factors of preterm birth in symptomatic women.
Subjective responses to emotional body odors and common odors in autism-spectrum disorders
Authors: Grave J. , Noll J. , Barros F. , Kogler L. , Freiherr J. , Wildgruber D. , Soares S. , Derntl B. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAutism-spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by deficits in social domains, associated with abnormal socioemotional perception. Although olfaction provides access to socioemotional cues, little is known about the perception of emotional odors considering their social meaning in ASD.ObjectivesTo investigate the subjective responses to emotional body odors (BOs) versus non-social, common odors (COs) in ASD.MethodsEleven ASD and 49 typically developed (TD) adults were asked to smell negative, positive, and neutral BOs (axillary sweat from healthy individuals exposed to fearful, happy, and neutral film-clips) and COs, and to rate each odor on perceived pleasantness, intensity, familiarity and arousal. Odors were presented for 5 sec. Analyses were performed with linear mixed-effect models with fixed factors (group × odor type × valence) and covariates (e.g., age; intensity for arousal/familiarity; familiarity for pleasantness). Post-hoc comparisons were Bonferroni-corrected.ResultsOdors were perceived as significantly more intense (p=.044) and pleasant (p<.001) in ASD than TD. Distinct response patterns were found in ASD and TD. First, positive BOs and COs were similarly arousing and pleasant in ASD (p>.05), but not in TD (p<.001). Second, positive and neutral COs were equally arousing, familiar and pleasant in ASD (p>.05), but not in TD (p<.001). No differences were observed between BOs in ASD and TD (p>.05).ConclusionsASD is associated with abnormal subjective responses to emotional odors, which could contribute to the social communication difficulties characterizing ASD. Since emotional BOs elicit psychological responses in others, analyses on subjective and automatic responses will allow a better understanding of the role of olfaction in ASD.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adulthood and the heritability of this condition
Authors: Borges J. , Leite R. Almeida , Almeida M. , Morais S. , Madeira N. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity resulting from the interaction of genetic and environmental risk factors. Family studies shows that persistent ADHD is very familial.ObjectivesWe aim to review the literature on this condition and its heritability and describe the implications that a possible misdiagnosis can have during life.MethodsBibliography review was performed using the databases PubMed and Cochrane, using the following keywords: “ADHD”; “Adults”; “Heretability”; “Family” and “Rater effect”.Results
Childhood ADHD persists into adolescence and adulthood substantially, identified in some studies, as going up to 78%. The prevalence of ADHD in children and adults is between 2.5% and 5% worldwide. Family studies have shown that children of adults with ADHD are at higher risk of having ADHD. Some large-scale twin studies of adult ADHD, used self-report assessments of ADHD symptoms and estimated the heritability of this condition to be between 30 to 40%, which differs from other studies that analyse parents and teachers responses and estimates heritability to be between 60 and 90%.ConclusionsSince there is a direct influence of the evaluators in estimating the extent of ADHD heritability, future studies need to clarify and describe in detail all the related characteristics of the raters. Although ADHD is widely studied, there is still a lot to learn about its etiology. The diagnosis of ADHD is clinical and complex and must be considered both in childhood and adolescence and in adulthood, with special emphasis on the family antecedents.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Introduction to project ECHO (extension for community heathcare outcomes)
Authors: Harrison J. , Leppert M. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:Nationally and internationally, there is a gap between the need and availability of child mental health services. This gap stems from a lack of trained specialists, workforce misdistribution, variations in insurance and financing, and family concerns about the benefits of existing services. Of the possible solutions to these problems, expansion of the child mental health capacity of primary care providers (PCPs) has been proposed as a feasible and scalable approach. The Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) model was originally conceived and executed by Dr. Sanjeev Arora at the University of New Mexico for Hepatitis C. It serves to de-monopolize medical expertise by extending knowledge from specialists to PCPsObjectivesAfter attendance at this session, the learner will be able to: 1. describe the history and expansion of the ECHO model worldwide, 2.name the components and structure of ECHO sessions, 3. discuss ECHO as a force multiplier.MethodsDr. Harrison will briefly present the history and expansion of ECHO. She will then describe the program, which consists of a “hub and spokes” model with “tele-clinics” consisting of a “hub” of specialists and “spokes” of clinicians in rural, underserved areas who present cases for discussion, generating treatment recommendations.ResultsThe ECHO model has been replicated in a variety of disciplines across the United States and internationally. Its success has been well documented. There are currently 920 active ECHO programs worldwide.ConclusionsProject ECHO is a viable model to address the workforce shortage of child psychiatrists worldwide.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Hyperthymic traits, major depression and bipolar spectrum, review and case report
Authors: Moreno M. García , Milas A. De Cós , Carreño L. Beatobe , Del Sol Calderon P. , De La Puente Á. Izquierdo 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAkiskal proposed the bipolar spectrum concept with the aim of including those patients with atypical depressive presentations and mood temperaments. Also Koukopoulos accepted this proposal in those patients with poor response to antidepressants or highly recurrent course. Concretely bipolar disorder type IV was defined as clinical depression based on a lifelong hyperthymic temperament. Some years after DSM-III several experts in bipolar disorder continued in this work line even though DSM-IV and most recent DSM-V not considered to include this concept as a new diagnostic category.ObjectivesTo present a theoretical and practical review about bipolar spectrum and its relationship with hyperthymic traits.MethodsWe carry out a literature review about bipolar spectrum, accompanied by the clinical description of one patient with major depressive disorder and hyperthymic traits base.Results45 years old female referred to our outpatient mental health service after episode of voluntary drug overdose. She presented long evolution depressive symptoms (sadness, apathy, anhedonia, anergy, irritability, anxiety, emotional lability, early awakening, social withdrawal, self-care neglect, hopelessness, cognitive failures, guilt feelings and death ideas) with onset in postpartum. She reported a previous depressive episode 9 years ago with good response to fluoxetine. Hyperthimic traits were described but no history of manic symptoms. An erratic evolution was observed with various antidepressant treatment and finally improved adding mood stabilizer.ConclusionsWe must propose to consider the diagnosis of bipolar spectrum in order to treat effectively patients with major depression dissorder and hyperthymic temperament in absence of manic symptoms.DisclosureNo significant relationships.