bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pollutant Emissions in Livestock Buildings: Influence of Indoor Environment, Rearing Systems, and Manure Management
Authors: Andrade Leonardo de Brito , Martín-Gómez César , Zuazua-Ros Amaia , Ariño Arturo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The issue of air pollutants from livestock buildings is prevalent in the literature. Because they and their emissions impact both animal production and livestock building users as well as the outdoor environment. This paper aims to compile and review data available in the scientific literature on the types of pollutants for a better understanding of their generation form, their distribution according to the kind of animal, and the main factors affecting their generation and concentration, i.e., the rearing system, the indoor microclimate, and the manure management. The elevated generation of pollutants in animal buildings is tied to the dense occupancy in this industrial activity. The indoor air quality is defined according to the type of livestock in animal housing, considering its welfare needs, and the types and concentrations of pollutants generated as a function of the family of animal and the management used in production. The main gases generated are CH4, CO2, H2S, NH3, N2O, in addition to particulate matter and airborne microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria that very negatively affect the health of animals and users of the animal buildings. Furthermore, knowledge about the main contaminants generated, the form of generation, their origin, their concentrations, and their distribution throughout the shed is essential to achieve a permanent and adequate indoor air quality and, with that, a high-quality product that will lead to high production yield without neglecting animal welfare.
Viscoelastic polyurethane foams from unmodified kraft lignin dispersed into methoxy polyethylene glycol and palm kernel oil as partial substitutes of petroleum-based polyols
Authors: Flôres Camila Campos , Rufino Thiago C , Nahra Lara Robert , Rodrigues Isabelle Zavecz , Oliveira Maurício Pinheiro 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Kraft lignin (KL) dispersions in methoxy polyethylene glycol (MPEG) and in a mixture of palm kernel oil (PKO) with MPEG (PKO/MPEG) were evaluated for v iscoelastic polyurethane foams (VPFs) production with different contents of KL (0-3.9 pphp) and PKO (0 -15 pphp). The influence of the dispersed KL on the foam structure, foam growth profile, foaming reactivity, mechanical properties, and final properties of VPFs were studied. The appearance of the VPF produced with KL dispersion in MPEG/PKO was similar to the control VPF foam. The addition of KL dispersion (0 to 15 pphp), had a significant effect on the growth profile, foaming reactivity, density and consequently on the foam morphology. VPFs produced with 3.9 pphp of KL presented shrinkage values about 4 times when compared to the control. The presence of the KL and PKO did not improve the burning rate of the foam samples compared to the control foam, without KL and PKO. Thermal stability of the produced foams showed no relevant differences regardless of the contents of KL/MPEG/PKO used in comparison to the control. Mechanical properties of VPF can be adjusted by making changes to the standard formulation. It can be concluded that the dispersion of KL in a mixture of MPEG and PKO represents an alternative for incorporating fractions of KL and PKO into VPF. In addition, this study provides new insights for the production of VPF using renewable resources for packaging applications, as well as in the mattress industry.
Effects of Bioactive Peptides Derived From Feather Keratin On Small Intestinal Function, Meat Quality, And Performance of Broiler Chicks
Authors: Alahyaribeik Samira , Nazarpour Madineh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this research, the effect of mixed feather bioactive peptides (MFBPs) added in water, on intestinal health, meat quality, and plasma cholesterol level of broiler chickens was evaluated. Eighty-day-old male broiler chick (Ross 308) were randomly divided into two treatments with four replication pens. The dietary treatments were: the drinking water with no additives (control), and drinking water containing 50 ppm MFBPs. Live weight and feed intake were measured at the end of starter (1-10 d), grower (11-24 d), and finisher (25-36 d) periods with calculating average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio. The results indicate that body weight gain was greater (P<0.05) in birds received MFBPs in the final period. At 24 days of age, the villus height and muscle layer thickness in different parts of the intestine were higher in birds that received bioactive peptides but epithelial thickness was lower than control birds (P<0.05). In addition, the administration of MFBPs decreased (P<0.01) serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein in broilers. Supplementation with MFBPs significantly reduced (P<0.01) the malondialdehyde (MDA) amount in the thigh muscle. In conclusion, using the MFBPs in the diet of broilers could improve meat quality, cholesterol concentration in serum, and gut health.
A Retrospective Comparison of Haloperidol and Hydroxyzine Combination Therapy with Haloperidol Alone in the Treatment of Overactive Delirium
Authors: Sato Junya , Tanaka Rei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

For the treatment of delirium, antipsychotics such as haloperidol are used as standard treatments. However, haloperidol has little sedative effect and may not be sufficiently effective in controlling overactive delirium. Hydroxyzine, an antihistamine, may be used in combination with haloperidol to supplement its sedative effect. Aim of this study was investigating the effect of haloperidol alone or in combination with hydroxyzine on the improvement of overactive delirium retrospectively.
Method

Delirium was assessed from medical records using the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC). The number of patients and days with ICDSC score of < 4, indicating absence of delirium after haloperidol alone or haloperidol and hydroxyzine were surveyed for 6 days.
Results

A total of 157 patients were diagnosed with delirium from April 2019 to July 2021, of which 18 patients received haloperidol alone, and 21 patients received the combination of haloperidol and hydroxyzine for overactive delirium. The number of patients with a mean ICDSC score of < 4 on days 1–6 were two patients (11%) in the haloperidol groups and two patients (10%) in the combination of haloperidol and hydroxyzine group (P = 0.999). The days within < 4 of the ICDSC score on days 1–6 were 0.8 (1.3) and 0.8 (1.5), respectively (P = 0.848).
Conclusion

Haloperidol alone and haloperidol plus hydroxyzine are both effective in the treatment of overactive delirium. However, the concomitant use of hydroxyzine with haloperidol may not improve the efficacy of treatment of overactive delirium compared to haloperidol alone.
Dynamic Change of Placenta Previa From Second Trimester to Delivery: a Retrospective Longitudinal Study Cohort
Authors: Wei Sumei , Li Xin , Liu Tianjiao , Ding Rui , Wei Lu , Fan Conghong , Tang Dongmei , Xiong Wen , Li Yalan , Yang Xiao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Placenta previa contributes greatly to severe antenatal and post-partum hemorrhage in obstetrics. Previous studies have mainly focused on the risk factors of placenta previa, and very limited studies have reported which factors may affect the dynamic outcome of placenta previa in the second trimester. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of maternal and neonatal characteristics on dynamic change of placenta previa from second trimester to delivery.Methods: A retrospective longitudinal sub-cohort investigation was carried out among 510 pregnant women with placenta previa in second trimester of pregnancy from the Longitudinal Placenta Previa Study (LoPPS). Logistic regression analysis was used to discover the connections between maternal covariates and dynamic change process of placenta. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to detect the associations between perioperative characteristics and the volume of intraoperative bleeding. Results: Among the pregnant women with major placenta previa in the second trimester, 28.8% of them were without placenta previa at delivery, and 25.5% morphed into minor placenta previa. There was significant correlation between placenta previa type and pre-pregnancy BMI (Beta: 0.141, 95% CI: 0.046,0.235. p=0.003), gestational age (Beta: -0.355, 95% CI: -0.507, -0.204. p<0.001) and times of prior cesarean section (Beta: 0.161, 95% CI: 0.050,0.271. p<0.001). Conclusion: 71.2% of the pregnant women with major placenta previa in the second trimester were still with placenta previa at delivery, and the proportion may be higher in pregnant women suffering previous cesarean section and with high pre-pregnancy BMI.
Is it possible to diminish 30-day revisits with frontline geriatric assessment?
Authors: Laine Jonna , Salminen Marika , Vahlberg Tero , Viikari Paula , Wuorela Maarit , Viitanen Matti , Viikari Laura 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Up to 20% of older patients admitted to Emergency Department (ED) are readmitted within 30 days after being discharged. Geriatric assessment in ED has shown to be associated with preferable discharge rates and reduction of readmission rates in older patients.
Methods
Subjects of this prospective study were ≥75-year-old home-dwelling citizens (N = 1234) who underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) during their first visit in Urgent Geriatric Outpatient Clinic (UrGeriC); 535 were discharged and, of those, 110 had a revisit to UrGeriC or an admission to ED within 30 days after index visit.
Results
Of those 535 discharged patients, 110 (21%) had a revisit to UrGeriC (42 patients, 38%) or an admission to ED (68 patient, 62%) within 30 days after the index visit in UrGeriC. The most common reason for the index visit, as well as for the following visit was nonspecific complaint. Over half of those who were admitted to ED during the office hours and almost all of those who were admitted out of the office hours could have been treated in UrGeriC instead of ED.
Conclusions
According to our study, it seems that 20% of older patients seek urgent medical help within 30 days after the index visit even after a multidimensional CGA. Frontline geriatric services are needed to better respond to the complex needs of rapidly increasing proportion of frail older patients presenting to ED.
Bioactivation of 3D Cell-imprinted Polydimethylsiloxane Surface by Bone Proteins Nanocoating for Osteogenic Differentiation
Authors: Babaei Mahrokh , Nasernejad Bahram , Sharifikolouei Elham , Shokrgozar Mohammad Ali , Bonakdar Shahin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Physical and chemical parameters that mimic the physiological niche of the human body have an influence on stem cell fate by creating directional signals to cells. Micro/nano cell patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates, due to their ability to mimic the physiological niche, have been widely used in surface modifications. Integration of other factors such as the biochemical coating on the surface can achieve more similar microenvironmental conditions and promote stem cell differentiation to the target cell line. Herein, we investigated the effect of physical topography, chemical functionalization by acid bone lysate (ABL) nanocoating, and the combined functionalization of bone proteins nanocoated surface and topographically edited surface. We have prepared four distinguishing surfaces: plain PDMS, physically modified PDMS by 3D cell topography pattern, chemically modified PDMS with bone proteins nanocoating, and chemically modified nano 3D cell-imprinted PDMS by bone proteins (ABL). Characterization of ABL was carried out by Bradford staining and SDS page analysis followed by the MTT assay for evaluation of cell viability on ABL coated PDMS. Moreover, FESEM and Profilometry for determination of optimal coating thickness were utilized and the best coating concentration was identified and selected. The binding and retention of ABL to PDMS were confirmed by FTIR and BCA analysis. Sessile drop static water contact angle measurements on substrates have shown that the combined chemical functionalization and nano 3D cell-imprinting on PDMS surface leads to better surface wettability by 68% compared to plain PDMS. Eventually, the results of ALP measurement, Alizarin red S staining, Immunofluorescence staining, and real-time PCR have shown that nano 3D cell-imprinted PDMS surface functionalized by extracted bone proteins, ABL, is able to guide the fate of ADSCs toward osteogenic differentiation. Eventually, chemical modification of the cell-imprinted PDMS substrate by bone proteins extraction, not only improved the cell adhesion and proliferation but also contributed to the topographical effect itself and caused a significantly synergistic influence on the process of osteogenic differentiation.
Multi-objective optimal crop plan for optimum groundwater utilization considering profit maximization: A case study
Authors: Nath Kamalika , Jain Rajni , Arora Alka , Roy Himadri Shekhar , Marwaha Sudeep 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a multi-objective optimization problem to identify an optimal crop plan by simultaneously maximizing profit and reducing groundwater utilization. An important economic and sustainable agricultural decision-making task is to make optimal use of resource constraints in a given planting period. To solve the problem, the NSGA II and NSGA III algorithms are used. The performance and effectiveness of both algorithms are examined by comparison of the results. In addition, the Pareto fronts are presented with graphical comparisons. The findings show that NSGA-III is a more viable tool than NSGA II to solve an optimal crop planning problem.
Approaching the optimum focusing of diffused light through scattering media with iterative wavefront shaping by a probability-based algorithm
Authors: Woo Chi Man , Zhao Qi , Zhong Tianting , Li Huanhao , Yu Zhipeng , Lai Puxiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Iterative wavefront shaping is a powerful tool to overcome medium scattering and enable focusing of diffusive light, which has exciting potentials in many applications that desire localized light delivery at depths in tissue-like complex media. Unsatisfactory performance and efficiency, however, have been a long-standing problem, and the large discrepancy between theoretical and experimental results has hindered the wide applications of the technology. Currently, most algorithms guiding the iterative search of optimal phase compensation rely heavily on randomness to achieve solution diversity. The lack of clear guidance on the new solution generation process considerably affects the optimization efficiency. Therefore, we propose a probability-based iterative algorithm that the new solutions are generated based on a probability map. With the clearer guidance provided by the probability map and less involvement of randomness, we can obtain optimization results that efficiently approach the theoretical optimal value. Moreover, with the proposed algorithm, we demonstrate higher adaptability in an unstable scattering environment and more spatially uniform optical focusing in the field of view. This study advances the state of the art in the practice of iterative wavefront shaping and can potentially inspire or open up wide applications that desire localized and enhanced optical delivery in situ.
Glucosamine Delays the Progression of Osteoporosis in Senile Mice by Promoting Osteoblast Autophagy
Authors: Su Wei , Lv Chen , Huang Lingtuo , Zheng XiaoHang , Yang Shengwu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Senile osteoporosis (SOP) is one of the most prevalent diseases that afflict the elderly population, which characterized by decreased osteogenic ability. Glucosamine (GlcN) is an over-the-counter dietary supplement. Our previous study reported that GlcN promotes osteoblast proliferation by activating autophagy in vitro. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects and mechanisms of GlcN on senile osteoporosis and osteogenic differentiation in vivo.Methods: Aging was induced by subcutaneous injection of D-Galactose (D-Gal), and treated with GlcN or vehicle. The anti-senile-osteoporosis effect of GlcN was explored by examining changes in micro-CT, serum indicators, body weight, protein and gene expression of aging and apoptosis. Additionally, the effects of GlcN on protein and gene expression of osteogenesis and autophagy were observed by inhibiting autophagy with 3-Methyladenine (3-MA).Results: GlcN significantly improved bone mineral density (BMD) and bone micro-architecture, decreased skeletal senescence and apoptosis and increased osteogenesis in D-Gal induced osteoporotic mice. While all effect was reversed with 3-MA.Conclusion: GlcN effectively delayed the progression of osteoporosis in senile osteoporotic mice by promoting osteoblast autophagy. This study suggested that GlcN may be a prospective candidate drug for the treatment of SOP.
Benzotriazole UV Stabilizers (BUVSs) in the Environment: Much More than an Emerging Contaminant of Concern
Authors: Khare Ankur , Jadhao Pradip , Vaidya Atul Narayan , Kumar Asirvatham Ramesh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVs) are a group of industrial chemicals used in various consumer products and industrial applications. Due to its large scale production and use, BUVs have been detected in all environmental matrices and in human milk; hence, they attract researchers and regulatory bodies worldwide. BUVs are considered as a new family of emerging environmental contaminants. Due to their persistent organic pollutants (POPs) like properties, they have also been classified as substances of very high concern (SVHC). The current review focuses on the persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity (PBT) of several BUVs, as well as their multicompartmental occurrence. Scarcity of scientific data on BUVs properties, occurrence in the environment, exposure levels and effects on organisms poses significant challenges to the policymakers and regulatory bodies in adopting management strategies. The need for a science-based integrated framework for risk assessment and management of benzotriazoles (BZTs) is recommended.
Entrapment Predicts First-Onset Suicidal Ideation: A Longitudinal Study in Medical Students
Authors: Wang Suping , Zhu Rui , Wu Hantao , Li Sicong , Liu Xinyi , Cai Yong , Gong Ruijie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe prevalence of suicidal ideation among medical students is high. Evidences indicate that entrapment is a predicting factor of suicidal ideation. This study aimed to (1) investigate the prevalence rates of first-onset suicidal ideation among Chinese medical students, (2) explore the predictive effects of alteration of entrapment on first-onset suicidal ideation.MethodsThis longitudinal study was conducted between 2018 and 2019, included 211 new-enrolled medical students in Shanghai. Socio-demographic (gender, major, parents’ income and academic performance), psychological (entrapment, depression, loneliness, defeat, social support and interpersonal needs) variables and suicidal ideation were collected by anonymous questionnaire. Samples were divided into 4 subgroups according to their exposure to entrapment (control, new-onset, reduced and persistent group). The primary outcome, first-onset suicidal ideation, was defined as absent suicidal ideation at baseline but present at follow-up. Results54.98% of the participants (116/211) were female and 76.78% (162/211) majored in clinical medicine. 6.16% of the participants (16/211) reported first-onset suicidal ideation in the follow-up survey. 17.54% (37/211) reported new-onset entrapment while 12.80% (27/211) reported persistent entrapment during follow-up. Compared to control group who reported no perceived entrapment at baseline and follow-up, participants reported new-onset entrapment had the highest risk of new-onset suicidal ideation (odd ratios [OR]=14.700,95%confidence interval [CI]=2.906-74.364; adjusted OR=8.798, 95%CI=1.588-48.757; multivariate OR=8.238, 95%CI=1.394-48.693).ConclusionNew-onset entrapment can significantly predict suicidal ideation. Therefore, more attention should be attached to new-onset entrapment when it comes to suicidal ideation intervention.
Cloning, Improved Expression and Purification of Invasion Plasmid Antigen D (IpaD): An Effector Protein of Enteroinvasive Escherichia Coli (EIEC)
Authors: Halder Sudeshna , Jaiswal Namita , Mahata Nibedita 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The widespread increase in broad-spectrum antimicrobial resistance is making it more difficult to treat gastrointestinal infections. Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli is a prominent etiological agent of bacillary dysentery, invading via the fecal-oral route and exerting virulence on the host via the type III secretion system. IpaD, a surface-exposed protein on the T3SS tip that is conserved among EIEC and Shigellae, may serve as a broad antigen for bacillary dysentery protection. For the first time, we present an effective framework for improving the expression level and yield of IpaD in the soluble fraction for easy recovery, as well as ideal storage conditions, which may aid in the development of new protein therapies for gastrointestinal infections in the future. To achieve this, uncharacterized full length IpaD gene from EIEC was cloned into pHis-TEV vector and induction parameters were optimised for enhanced expression in the soluble fraction. After affinity-chromatography based purification, 61% pure protein with a yield of 0.33 mg per litre of culture was obtained. The purified IpaD was kept the secondary structure with predominant α-helical structure at 4°C, -20°C, and -80°C using 5% sucrose as cryoprotectants during storage which is the fundamental parameter for protein-based therapeutics.
Effects of Piano Music of Different Tempos on Heart Rate and Autonomic Nervous System During the Recovery Period After High-intensity Exercise
Authors: Xue Biyun , Wang Jiameng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The present study attempted to explore the effects of different tempos of piano music on heart rate and autonomous nervous system during the recovery period after high-intensity exercise. In addition, the study analyzed the influence of different tempos on the recovery period of athletes to devise methods for accelerating fatigue recovery through piano music.Method: A total of 57 college students majoring in physical education were selected as experimental subjects and were divided into three groups, namely Lento group (n = 20), Moderato group (n = 20), and Allegretto group (n = 20; only 17 students completed the experiment). Results: Under the same high-intensity exercise regimen, the three groups did not differ significantly in the body composition, high-intensity exercise ability, and time-domain variation indices, namely heart rate (HR), Heart rate variability index parameters(P > .05). The time-domain variation analysis in the recovery period revealed significant differences in HR frequency domain indices among the groups exposed to different rhythms (P < .05).Conclusion: Moderate-tempo piano music was the most effective in facilitating HR and autonomic nervous system recovery during the recovery period.