bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of hypothyroidism with evidence of coronary artery disease in the myocardial perfusion scan
Authors: Ghaedian Tahereh , Jabbedari Mohammad Hussein , Firuzyar Tahereh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Purpose Hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrine diseases. There is evidence that hypothyroidism is related to a higher rate of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aimed to assess the correlation of hypothyroidism with abnormal perfusion findings in MPI-SPECT images in patients with suspected CAD. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 188 patients with suspected CAD who underwent MPI were included and a thyroid function test (TFT) (TSH, total T4, and total T3) was performed. All patients were categorized in two groups of hypothyroidism and euthyroidism on the basis of the previous history of hypothyroidism and TFT. The frequency and prevalence of abnormal scans in both groups of this study were assessed. The correlation between TFT findings and MPI quantitative and semi-quantitative parameters was also evaluated. Results Of 188 cases, 48 patients (25.5%) were hypothyroid. In the hypothyroid group, on the basis of SSS and TPDs, 20 patients (41.7%) and 22 patients (45.8%) had abnormal perfusion scans, respectively, which was significantly higher than the euthyroid group. There were no significant differences between normal and hypothyroid groups according to frequency of patients’ cardiovascular risk factors, however, there were significant between the two groups with respect to variables of SSS (P < 0.05), SDS (P < 0.05), and TPDr (P < 0.05). Conclusion Hypothyroidism is associated with evidence of CAD in SPECT MPI and should be considered as an independent high-risk factor during interpretation of SPECT MPI.
Atomistic Assessment of Structural Evolution for Magnesium during Hypervelocity Nanoprojectile Penetration
Authors: Goswami Pragyan , Gupta Manoj , Pal Snehanshu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the present study, the effect of ballistic penetration of a spherical projectile on a monocrystalline magnesium specimen is performed using Embedded Atom Method (EAM) potential in Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation. The dynamic investigation of structural evolution based on common neighbor analyses and Wigner-Seitz defect analysis are carried out for the varying depth of penetration and velocities of the projectile ( v = 2 km/s, 6 km/s, and 10 km/s). It is found that the extent of amorphization in the specimen is more in the case of higher depth and lower projectile velocity. Voronoi cluster analyses are also done to identify cluster distribution and their transformation during ballistic penetration, which is accompanied by atomic strain and displacement vector evaluation to give light to the effect of shear strain and displacement of atoms respectively. According to Voronoi cluster analysis, Voronoi Polyhedra having <0,4,4,6> and <0,6,0,8> exhibits a higher population during hypervelocity projectile penetration. The findings have potential applications in hypervelocity applications such as defense and space technologies.
Enhancement of System Reconfigurability through Modularizing System Architecture: A Paradigm to Engineering Design for Adaptability
Authors: Mollajan Ali , Shahdadi AmirHossein , Ashofteh Afshin , Hamedani-KarAzmoudehFar Fatemeh , Iranmanesh Seyed Hossein 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The present study addresses ‘system adaptability’ requirement in engineering systems and highlights importance of realizing ‘reconfigurability’ characteristic in system architecture where engineering design for system adaptability is interested. This study develops a matrix-based probabilistic definition for the system reconfigurability and proposes modularization of physical architecture of the system as an effective design solution for fulfilling system reconfigurability and adaptability requirements. To modularize the physical architecture, Design Structure Matrix (DSM) method is employed. Moreover, information axiom of Axiomatic Design (AD) theory is also utilized to develop helpful indicators for evaluating the adaptability characteristic for the architecture and support engineering designers to make sound decisions in design for adaptability. To verify the developed methodology, ‘manufacturing information system’ (MIS), an integrated information system which is to support entire manufacturing processes, in a real case (Barez Industrial Group in Iran) is addressed and design of the physical architecture for this system is studied. A new optimally modularized design for the physical architecture of the MIS of interest is finally presented and examined. Results of the indicators reflecting reconfigurability and adaptability of the architecture indicate that the new proposed design of the MIS is highly capable of coping with the rapidly changing manufacturing environment.
Level Of Knowledge About Anaphylaxis and Its Management Among Doctors
Authors: KAYA Saltuk Buğra , ALAYLAR Yücel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background/aim: This study aims to assess the level of knowledge of doctors on anaphylaxis and its management at a tertiary care teaching hospital.Materials and Methods: A pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered to the doctor, assistant doctor and specialist doctor. Volunteers were asked to answer a questionnaire containing questions about anaphylaxis and its management. The questionnaire was administered face to face.Results: Of the eighty-five participants, 8 participants are general practitioners, twenty-six participants are resident doctors, and fifty-one participants are specialists doctors. Seventy-one participants stated that they had experienced anaphylaxis before. Nine of the participants stated that there was no training for anaphylaxis in medical school. Only 4 of the participants correctly answered the diagnostic criteria of anaphylaxis. Seventy-two participants did not consider cardiovascular and gastrointestinal system symptoms and signs as anaphylaxis diagnostic criteria. Sixty-five participants selected intramuscular adrenaline, 4 participants selected intravenous adrenaline, 4 participants selected both intravenous and intramuscular adrenaline for first treatment of anaphilaxis. After anaphylaxis shock, sixty-nine participants stated that the patient should be kept under observation for 8-24 hours.Conclusion: Knowledge regarding anaphylaxis and its management is a basic requirement that every health care provider must acquire for the appropriate treatment of all patients. We show that there was no statistical relationship between professional experience, branches and the diagnosis and treatment of anaphylaxis. We think that it would be beneficial to provide physicians with in service training regarding the diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis.
Role of community participation on covid-19 epidemics: a national-based interventional study
Authors: Soori Hamid 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Community participation can be very effective in crisis situations like the Covid-19 pandemic. However, the effectiveness of community engagement in this pandemic is not well studied, particularly in low and middle-income countries.
Objective
To evaluate the role of this community-based intervention on covid-19 epidemics outcomes in Iran.
Methods
Three categories of interventions (supportive, caring, and supervisory) were carried out using volunteer forces, organized in neighborhood-based teams during the Covid-19 epidemic in Iran started in November 2020. The evaluation was conducted 4 months later. Different data resources, including information on outpatients, hospitalizations, and medical care monitoring center (McMc) were employed. The basic reproductive rate (R0) was calculated, and other statistical-epidemiological analyzes such as time series, Regression analysis, and Basic generator size were also used.
Results
Deaths per day declined from 479 to 75 within the study period. R0 decreased from 1.26 to 0.86. PCR tests reached from 661 to 1601 /100000. The incidence rate of the disease reached 0.2 per hundred thousand people to 0.05 per hundred thousand people. The number of hospitalizations from Covid-19 decreased from 3044 to 417 before and after the community-based interventions.
Conclusion
Epidemic management when combined with community participation can be very effective in crisis situations. Strengthening the disease care system and more supervision in the implementation of the strategy and having an effective relationship with the doctors of the private sector to comply with the national protocol, an effective step will be taken towards the control of this disease and finally its elimination.
Analysis of the efficacy of the da Vinci robot in surgery for posterior mediastinal neurogenic tumors
Authors: Hong Ziqiang , CUI Baiqiang , Yang Ning , Sheng Yannan , BAI Xiangdou , JIN Dacheng , GOU Yunjiu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: The present research is designed to evaluate the short-term outcome of robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) for the treatment of posterior mediastinal neurogenic tumours. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data on 35 consecutive patients with mediastinal neurogenic tumors after RATS treatment completed by the same operator in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital from January 2016 to June 2022. There were 19 males and 16 females with a mean age of (34.9±7.1) years in this analysis report. The tumor of the patients were localized and evaluated preoperatively using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or enhanced CT. Results: All 35 patients successfully underwent the resection of posterior mediastinal neurogenic tumors under RATS, and no conversion to thoracotomy occurred during the operations. The average operative time was (62.3±18.0) min, the average docking time was (10.3±2.6) min, the average intraoperative bleeding was (33.9±21.6) ml, the average 24-hour postoperative chest drainage was (69.0±28.9) ml, the average postoperative chest drainage time was (2.2±1.4) days and the average post-operative hospital stay was (3.2±1.3) days. Postoperative complications occurred in 3 patients, including 2 patients with transient Honor syndrome after surgery and 1 patient with transient anhidrosis of the affected upper limb after surgery. [1]Conclusion: RATS for posterior mediastinal neurogenic tumours is safe, effective, feasible and bring the superiority of robotic surgical system into full play.1The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
Application of Machine Learning in Prediction of COVID-19 Diagnosis for Indonesian Healthcare Workers
Authors: Sonthalia Shreyash , Muharrom Muhammad Aji , Sani Levana , Khaimani Jatin , Herlinda Olivia , Sumulyo Sinta Amalia Kusumastuti , Kamilah Fariza Zahra , Hapsari Rebriarina , Irwanto Astrid , Aldila Fatma , Rabbani Bijak , Tirtawisata Andhika , Luntungan Nurul , Saminarsih Diah , Taher Akmal 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: In developing countries like Indonesia, limited resources for routine mass Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) RT-PCR testing among healthcare workers leave them with a heightened risk of late detection and undetected infection, increasing the spread of the virus. Accessible and accurate methodologies must be developed to identify COVID-19 positive healthcare workers. This study aimed to investigate the application of machine learning classifiers to predict the risk of COVID-19 positivity in high-risk populations where resources are limited and accessibility is desired.
Methods: Two sets of models were built: one both trained and tested on data from healthcare workers in Jakarta and Semarang, and one trained on Jakarta healthcare workers and tested on Semarang healthcare workers. Models were assessed by the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC), average precision (AP), and Brier score (BS). Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) were used to analyze feature importance. 5,394 healthcare workers were included in the final dataset for this study.
Results: For the full model, the voting classifier composed of random forest and logistic regression was selected as the algorithm of choice and achieved training AUC (mean [Standard Deviation (SD)], 0.832 [0.033]) and AP (mean [SD], 0.476 [0.042]) and was high performing during testing with AUC and AP of 0.753 and 0.504 respectively. A voting classifier composed of a random forest and a XGBoost classifier was best performing during cross-validation for the Jakarta model, with AUC (mean [SD], 0.827 [0.023]), AP (mean [SD], 0.461 [0.025]). The performance when testing on the Semarang healthcare workers was AUC of 0.725 and AP of 0.582.
Conclusions: Our models yielded high predictive performance and can be used as an alternate COVID-19 screening methodology for healthcare workers in Indonesia, although the low adoption rate by partner hospitals despite its usefulness is a concern.
Precision inspection of transparent component quality
Authors: MEZIANE RAHIMA , Meguellati Said , Messagier Meriem 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this work, a method using transmission interferometry is proposed to detect surface defects on transparent materials. This technique is non-destructive and non-contact for the analysis of transparent and optical components whose surfaces vary from a few mm2 to larger sizes. The purpose of this method is to provide, a means as simple as possible to identify defects with low contrast, and in particular barely visible defects, and of differentiate between the defects. The constructed transmission system generates fringes by the superposition of two microscopic periodic structures. According to the method, the test structure deforms after passing through the object. The information about surface defects is obtained from the object analyzed, and superposed on reference structure similar to test structure. Then, fringes are collected with information transported in the variation of their form. It is possible to clearly identify microscopic and submicroscopic defects thanks to the implementation of high-resolution detection in the nanoscale. The magnifying properties of the technique, up to 1000 times, allow better observation of defects which facilitates the automation of measurements and controls. Therefore, the proposed method can be suitable for the detection of surface defects in transparent optical objects such as optical films, lenses, prisms.
Shifts in COVID-19 Vaccine acceptance rates among African countries: A systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Yejoon , Woo Wongi , Kipkorir Vincent , Rahmati Masoud , Yon Dong Keon , Lee Seung Won , Koyanagi Ai , Shin Jae Il , Smith Lee 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective: To provide a comparative systematic review and meta-analysis of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates in African countries and their predictors.Methods: Fifteen studies on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate s in African countries were reviewed in the Medline database via PubMed. Meta-analysis investigated the summary effect and inter-study heterogeneity of vaccine acceptance rates and influential factors.Results: Overall, the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate was 71% (95% CI 64-77). As time passed, the vaccine acceptance rate decreased (second half of 2020: 81%, first half of 2021: 67%). Also, the vaccine acceptance rates in urban areas were higher than in rural areas (urban: 82%, rural: 72%). When considering region, vaccine acceptance rates in Eastern and Southern African countries were higher than in Western and North African countries (East: 72%, South: 72%, West: 60%, North: 52%). Finally, factors such as older age, male sex, and wealth were identified as factors associated with a more acceptive attitude toward vaccination.Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates demonstrated shifts and was affected by several factors. The rates decreased over time, were lower in rural (vs. urban) settings, and were relatively low in Northern and West African countries (vs. Southern and East African countries). We also found differences in vaccine acceptance rates by some socio-demographic characteristics. Targeting these characteristics, devising strategies to improve vaccine uptake in Africa could help improve vaccination rates.
Detection of Abnormal Behaviour of Wireless Sensors in School Buildings Using Dynamic Time Warping
Authors: Wickramasinghe Ashani , Muthukumarana Saman , Loewen Daniel , Schaubroeck Matt , Wanasundara Surajith N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An anomaly is an observation that highly deviates from other observations. These anomalies create abnormal time series that are different from a collection of other time series. Data collected using wireless sensors, such as temperature and humidity, can provide insight into a building's heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. When using sensors that are properly designed, installed and calibrated the indoor environmental quality of a building can be measured. This will allow anomalies to be identified through sensor measurements, which point to areas with poor design or insufficient maintenance. Identifying these can improve both thermal comfort and energy efficiency and improve building performance. In this study, we applied the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) based anomaly detection method to identify anomalies and introduced a scoring method to identify abnormal sensors. The number of anomalies, vertical distance to an anomaly point, and DTW distance was considered to identify abnormal sensors. Then we used high-resolution temperature measurements from two school buildings using wireless sensors to evaluate the performance of the developed scoring method. Based on the results, visually we could observe that the method accurately detects the abnormal sensors.
Role of the endothelial reverse mode sodium-calcium exchanger in the dilation of the rat middle cerebral artery during hypoosmotic hyponatremia
Authors: Katarzyna Klapczynska , Marta Aleksandrowicz , Ewa Kozniewska 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The decrease in serum sodium ions concentration below 135 mmol L− 1 is usually accompanied by a decrease in plasma osmolality (hypoosmotic hyponatremia) and leads to the disorder of intracranial homeostasis mainly due to the cellular swelling. Recently, using in vitro model of hypoosmotic hyponatremia, we have found that a decrease in sodium ions concentration in the perfusate to 121 mmol L− 1 relaxes the isolated rat middle cerebral artery (MCA). The aim of present study was to explore the mechanism responsible for this relaxation. Isolated, pressurized and perfused MCAs placed in a vessel chamber were subjected to a decrease of sodium ions concentration to 121 mmol L− 1. The changes in the diameter of the vessels were monitored with a video camera. The removal of the endothelium, inhibition of nitric oxide-dependent signaling or reverse mode sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) were used to study the mechanism of the dilation of the vessel during hyponatremia. The dilation of the MCA (19 ± 5%, p < 0.005) in low sodium buffer was absent after removal of the endothelium or administration of the inhibitor of the reverse mode of sodium-calcium exchange, and was reversed to constriction after the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP signaling. The dilation of the middle cerebral artery of the rat in 121 mM Na+ buffer depends on the endothelium, NO signaling and reverse mode of sodium-calcium exchange. Hyponatremia may constrict large cerebral arteries with impaired NO-dependent signaling and add to vascular spasm such as the one observed in the late phase after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Bioinformatics-based analysis of key genes in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head that are associated with copper metabolism
Authors: Qi Baochuang , Li Chuan , Cai Xingbo , Xu Yongqing , Guo Minzheng , Tang Zhifang , Bo Pengfei , Pu Luqiao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: The copper metabolism may play a role in angiogenesis and osteogenesis. However, the relationship between copper metabolism and steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) still remains unclear.Methods: The GSE123568 dataset and 2062 copper metabolism-related genes (CMRGs) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and GeneCards databases, respectively. The differentially expressed copper metabolism-related SONFH genes (DE-CMR-SONFHGs) were identified by differential analysis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). The Least-Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms were employed to screen key DE-CMR-SONFHGs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and functional enrichment analysis were performed on the key genes. Targeting drugs were predicted with The Drug Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb). The correlation between key SONFH genes and copper death-related genes was calculated by Pearson method. The result of bioinformatics analysis were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR).Results: A total of 106 DE-CMR-SONFHGs were identified. Then, 2 key genes (PNP and SLC2A1) were identified by LASSO and SVM algorithms. The ROC curves of PNP and SLC2A1 indicated that they had diagnostic value in distinguishing SONFH from control samples. Additionally, 20 immune cell populations had notably different abundances between the SONFH and control samples. PNP showed the most significant correlations with plasmacytoid dendritic cells and CD56bright natural killer cells, and SLC2A1 expression showed the most significant correlations with T follicular helper cells and T helper 17 cells. Moreover, 11 drugs that target PNP and 5 drugs that target SLC2A1 were identified. Four copper death-related genes (LIPT1, DLD, PDHB, and MTF1) were upregulated in the disease samples. The qRT‒PCR results showed that PNP and SLC2A1 expression was downregulated and that the copper death-related genes DLD, PDHB and MTF1, which are closely related to these two key genes, were notably highly expressed in the peripheral blood of SONFH patients. These findings were consistent with the bioinformatics analysis results.Conclusions: Copper homeostatic imbalance may be involved in the process of SONFH. PNP and SLC2A1 were confirmed to be key genes related to SONFH, and these genes may provide insights for the treatment of SONFH.
Hydrogels Based on Polyacrylamide and Functionalized Carbon Nanomaterials for Adsorption of a Cationic Dye
Authors: Silveira Tiago , Caliman Vinicius , Silva Glaura Goulart 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Malachite green (MG) is used for the dyeing of cotton, paper, and jute, among other materials, and presents acute toxicity to a wide range of aquatic and terrestrial animals. A polyacrylamide (PA) hydrogel modified with a low content of oxygenated and aminated carbon nanomaterials may be a suitable candidate to adsorb MG from wastewater. Herein, modified graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were incorporated during the in situ polymerization of PAM. The swelling and adsorption capacity were investigated to explore the influences of different carbon dimensionalities (1D and 2D), zeta potentials and nanofiller concentrations on the adsorption behavior of the hydrogel. There was an increase of approximately 1,500% in the adsorption capacity after 24 h of exposure of a hydrogel with graphene oxide (GO) at 0.25 wt% with respect to the neat PA. Aminated graphene produced similar gains in the adsorption capacity of the GO-hydrogel, although it presents a positive zeta potential that is the opposite of that of GO. The modified CNTs showed smaller gains in the adsorption capacity, reaching a maximum 400% increase with respect to the PA hydrogel. The main factors that seem to affect the adsorption capacity were the dimensionality and degree of functionalization. The graphene-based nanofillers were 3 to 4 times more functionalized than the nanotubes. The adsorption results were adjusted with a pseudo-second order kinetic model that allowed a complementary discussion about the nature of the physico-chemical effects on the process of MG adsorption in the hydrogel nanocomposites.