bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency button cannula vs. umbilical catheter as neonatal emergency umbilical vein access – a randomized cross-over pilot study
Authors: Brickmann Christian , Zang Fanny Carlotta , Klotz Daniel , Kunze Mirjam , Lenz Stefan , Hentschel Roland 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Establishing immediate intravenous access to a newborn is challenging even for trained neonatologists in an emergency situation. Correct placement of umbilical catheter or an intraosseous needle needs consistent training. We evaluated the time required to correctly place an emergency umbilical button cannula (EUC) or an umbilical catheter (UC) using the standard intersection (S-EUC or S-UC, respectively) or lateral umbilical cord incision (L-EUC) by untrained medical personnel.

Methods
Single-center cross-over pilot-study using a model with fresh umbilical cords. Video-based teaching of medical students before probands performed all three techniques after assignment to one of three cycles with different sequence, using a single umbilical cord divided in three pieces for each proband.

Results
Mean time required to establish L-EUC was 89.3 s, for S-EUC 82.2 s and for S-UC 115.1 s. Both application routes using the EUC were significantly faster than the UC technique. There was no significant difference between both application routes using EUC (p=0.54).

Conclusions
Using an umbilical cannula is faster than an umbilical catheter, using a lateral incision of the umbilical vein is an appropriate alternative.
The DKTK EXLIQUID consortium – exploiting liquid biopsies to advance cancer precision medicine for molecular tumor board patients
Authors: Mack Matthias , Broche Julian , George Stephen , Hajjari Zahra , Janke Florian , Ranganathan Lavanya , Ashouri Mohammadreza , Bleul Sabine , Desuki Alexander , Engels Cecilia , Fliedner Stephanie M.J. , Hartmann Nils , Hummel Michael , Janning Melanie , Kiel Alexander , Köhler Thomas , Koschade Sebastian , Lablans Martin , Lambarki Mohamed , Loges Sonja , Lueong Smiths , Meyer Sandra , Ossowski Stephan , Scherer Florian , Schroeder Christopher , Skowronek Patrick , Thiede Christian , Uhl Barbara , Vehreschild Jörg Janne , von Bubnoff Nikolas , Wagner Sebastian , Werner Tamara V. , Westphalen C. Benedikt , Fresser Patrizia , Sültmann Holger , Tinhofer Ingeborg , Winter Christof 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Testing for genetic alterations in tumor tissue allows clinicians to identify patients who most likely will benefit from molecular targeted treatment. EXLIQUID – exploiting liquid biopsies to advance cancer precision medicine – investigates the potential of additional non-invasive tools for guiding therapy decisions and monitoring of advanced cancer patients. The term “liquid biopsy” (LB) refers to non-invasive analysis of tumor-derived circulating material such as cell-free DNA in blood samples from cancer patients. Although recent technological advances allow sensitive and specific detection of LB biomarkers, only few LB assays have entered clinical routine to date. EXLIQUID is a German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)-wide joint funding project that aims at establishing LBs as a minimally-invasive tool to analyze molecular changes in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Here, we present the structure, clinical aim, and methodical approach of the new DKTK EXLIQUID consortium. Within EXLIQUID, we will set up a multicenter repository of high-quality LB samples from patients participating in DKTK MASTER and local molecular tumor boards, which use molecular profiles of tumor tissues to guide targeted therapies. We will develop LB assays for monitoring of therapy efficacy by the analysis of tumor mutant variants and tumor-specific DNA methylation patterns in ctDNA from these patients. By bringing together LB experts from all DKTK partner sites and exploiting the diversity of their particular expertise, complementary skills and technologies, the EXLIQUID consortium addresses the challenges of translating LBs into the clinic. The DKTK structure provides EXLIQUID a unique position for the identification of liquid biomarkers even in less common tumor types, thereby extending the group of patients benefitting from non-invasive LB testing. Besides its scientific aims, EXLIQUID is building a valuable precision oncology cohort and LB platform which will be available for future collaborative research studies within the DKTK and beyond.
Study of the length and influencing factors of air plasma ignition time
Authors: Wang Guixia , Su Junhong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhen a high-energy laser acts on a film surface, plasma flashes of both the air and film can be generated simultaneously. However, when the conventional plasma flash method is used to identify thin film damage, there is a misjudgment problem caused by the inability to distinguish the air and film plasma flashes. In order to solve the problem of misjudgment, the ignition times of air and thin film plasma flashes can be obtained, respectively. If the ignition times of air and thin film plasma flashes are not equal, they can be distinguished from the time difference. In this paper, a nanosecond Nd:YAG pulse laser is used to break down the air at room temperature and pressure, and the theoretical and experimental values of the ignition time of air plasma flash are obtained. The curves of the ignition time of air plasma flash with the laser wavelength, incident energy, focusing spot, and pulse width are simulated. The reasons for the changes are analyzed from the perspectives of multiphoton absorption, cascade ionization theory, and electromagnetic theory of laser breakdown gas. The results show that when the laser pulse width is 10 ns, the energy is 160 mJ, and the spot radius is 0.015 cm. The theoretical and experimental values of the ignition time of air plasma flash are 2.146 and 2 ns, respectively, which are in good agreement. Larger values of laser focus spot size and pulse width relate to a longer ignition time of the air plasma flash, whereas larger values of laser wavelength and incident energy are related to a shorter ignition time. The research reflects the characteristics and electronic transition of air plasma, as well as the micromorphological evolution of the interaction between laser and air, presents the process of air plasma flash generation and growth, and reveals the ignition mechanism of air plasma. It not only provides a basis for improving the traditional plasma flash identification method to identify film damage but also has a certain scientific significance for studying the generation mechanism of laser-supported combustion waves and detonation waves.
Platonic Hylomorphism
Authors: Gerson Lloyd P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hylomorphism is almost universally claimed to be a staple doctrine of Aristotle. In this paper, I discuss a wide range of texts from the dialogues of Plato that straightforwardly display hylomorphism. Both Plato and Aristotle rest their cognitive realism on their hylomorphism. The crucial difference between Aristotle’s hylomorphism and Plato’s is that Aristotle believes that hylomorphism supports and is supported by essentialism whereas Plato does not. Plotinus presents arguments against Aristotle’s essentialism at the same time as he defends Platonic hylomorphism and his cognitive realism.
Effects of psychosocial stress and performance feedback on pain processing and its correlation with subjective and neuroendocrine parameters
Authors: Schneider Sarah Karen , Pauli Paul , Lautenbacher Stefan , Reicherts Philipp 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Previous research on stress-induced pain modulation suggests that moderate psychological stress usually leads to hyperalgesia while more severe threat results in hypoalgesia. However, existing studies often lack suitable control conditions imperative to identify mere stress effects. Similarly, research mainly focused on pure anticipation of a social threat, not taking into consideration actual experiences of social evaluation. Therefore, we set out to investigate actual social up- and downgrading combined with a standardized stress paradigm to evaluate short-term and prolonged changes in pain perception and their potential association with neuroendocrine and subjective stress parameters.

Methods
We allocated 177 healthy women to four experimental conditions, either the standard version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) followed by positive, negative or no performance feedback, or a well-matched but less demanding placebo version of the TSST. Stress responses were assessed with ratings, salivary alpha-amylase, and salivary cortisol. To capture putative effects of stress on pain, heat pain threshold, ratings of phasic heat pain stimuli, and conditioned pain modulation were measured.

Results
Despite a largely successful stress induction, results do not support a reliable influence of experimentally induced social stress–with or without subsequent performance feedback–on pain in women. Further, we found no clear association of pain modulation and changes in neuroendocrine or subjective stress responses.

Conclusions
Our results contrast previous studies, which repeatedly demonstrated stress-induced hypo- or hyperalgesia. This might be due to methodological reasons as former research was often characterized by high heterogeneity regarding the applied stressors, low sample sizes, and lacking or inconclusive control conditions. Thus, our results raise the question whether pain modulation in women by experimental psychosocial stress might have been overestimated in the past. Future research is necessary, which should employ parametric stress induction methods including well-matched control tasks, taking into consideration the participants’ gender/sex and the time course of the stress response relative to pain assessment.
The study is registered as DRKS00026946 at ‘Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien’ (DRKS) and can be also found at the World Health Organization’s search portal.
Assessing pain after cancer treatment
Authors: Gehr Nina Lykkegaard , Bennedsgaard Kristine , Ventzel Lise , Finnerup Nanna Brix 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Chronic pain is common following cancer treatment. This is a brief discussion of pain assessment after cancer treatment.

Methods
Summary of a lecure for the SASP (Scandinavian Journal of Pain) annual meeting 2022.

Results
Assessment of pain involves identifying the presence of pain, its underlying cause, its impact as well as underlying mechanisms.

Conclusions
Detailed pain assessment is important for the clinic and for epidemiological and mechanistic studies as well as pain treatment studies.
Wandel der Erwerbsformen: War normal gestern?
Authors: Walwei Ulrich 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Erwerbsformen sind schon seit geraumer Zeit in Bewegung. Vor allem die vom Normalarbeitsverhältnis abweichenden Vertragsformen, wie z. B. Teilzeitbeschäftigung oder befristete Arbeitsverträge, legten in der langen Frist zu. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht vor diesem Hintergrund zwei Fragen nach: Gibt es in den letzten drei Dekaden wirklich einen Trend, der auf eine neue Normalität in der Verteilung der Erwerbsformen schließen lässt? Gingen die Veränderungen eher mit einer Umverteilung von Beschäftigung oder mit einer Erschließung zusätzlicher Beschäftigtengruppen einher? Die auf dem Mikrozensus des Statistischen Bundesamtes basierenden Ergebnisse zeigen zunächst, dass sich die Veränderungen in der Zusammensetzung der Erwerbsformen nicht als kontinuierlich erwiesen haben. In den Jahren des anhaltenden Beschäftigungsaufschwungs vor der aktuellen Corona-Krise hatten sich die vom Normalarbeitsverhältnis abweichenden Beschäftigungsformen sogar wieder leicht zurückgebildet. Die Betrachtung des Verhältnisses von Erwerbsformen und Erwerbsbevölkerung legt weiter nahe, dass der Wandel der Erwerbsformen in der Gruppe der sog. „Kernerwerbstätigen“ (25–64-Jährige) nicht mit einer direkten Substitution einhergegangen ist. Ansonsten hätten die Erwerbstätigenquoten der Normalarbeitsverhältnisse für diese Altersgruppe nicht gleichzeitig zunehmen dürfen. Diese Aussage gilt aber den Analysen zufolge nicht für alle Altersgruppen. Sie trifft ausschließlich auf ältere Erwerbstätige zu, deren Arbeitsmarktpartizipation im Untersuchungszeitraum ohnehin deutlich zulegte. Bei den jüngeren Altersgruppen hat der Aufwuchs bei der Teilzeitbeschäftigung die Normalarbeitsverhältnisse jedoch leicht zurückgedrängt. Ob sich daraus Kohorteneffekte ergeben, ist aus heutiger Sicht offen
Der Autor dankt zum einen den anonymen Gutachterinnen und Gutachtern für die wertvollen Hinweise. Zum anderen dankt er Daniel Giehl für die tatkräftige Unterstützung bei der Auswertung der Mikrozensus-Daten und der Zusammenstellung der Literatur.
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Feasibility of a 4-Week Manual Therapy and Exercise Intervention on Posture and Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hughes Lynne C. , Galloway Rebecca V. , Fisher Steve R. 
Published: August 2022

Background and Purpose:
Thoracic hyperkyphosis is a common condition that progresses with aging and has been associated with impaired functional performance, increased risk of falls, and even mortality. Previous studies to improve posture primarily used exercise for durations of 3 months or longer. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility of a manual therapy intervention in community-dwelling older adults over a 4-week time frame that is comparable to the typical clinical setting, to test the appropriateness and procedures for the measurement of posture and function in the older population with hyperkyphosis, and to collect preliminary data to describe change in posture and function measures.

Methods:
Twenty-four participants with hyperkyphosis or forward head posture were recruited, and 22 participants completed this pilot study. Feasibility was measured based on attendance, tolerance, safety, and retention. Issues with measurement procedures were recorded. The intervention included manual therapy and exercise 3 times a week for 4 weeks to target spinal and peripheral joint stiffness, muscle lengthening, and muscle activation. Outcomes included height, kyphotic index (KI), Block Test, Acromion to Table (ATT), Timed Up and Go (TUG), 5 times sit-to-stand (5XSTS), Functional Reach (FR), 2-minute walk test (2MWT), and Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS). Data collected at visits 1, 6, and 12 were analyzed using 1-way repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance.

Results and Discussion:
Measurement and intervention protocols were found to be feasible. A significant effect for the aggregate dependent variables change over time was found. Univariate analysis of each dependent variable showed significance except for FR. All postural measures (height, KI, Block Test, and ATT) significantly improved statistically. The KI and ATT exceed the minimal detectable change for clinical significance. Function showed statistical improvements in the TUG, 5XSTS, 2MWT, and PSFS. Clinical significance was reached with the PSFS. Seven of 9 measures showed a statistically significant change in just 2 weeks.

Conclusions:
This pilot study suggests that manual therapy and exercise applied to older adults shows promise for improvement in measures of posture and functional performance in a clinically feasible 4-week time frame.
OXIDATIVE STRESS AND REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION: Sperm telomeres, oxidative stress, and infertility
Authors: Moazamian Aron , Gharagozloo Parviz , Aitken Robert J , Drevet Joël R 
Published: August 2022

In brief
Oxidative stress is recognized as an underlying driving factor of both telomere dysfunction and human subfertility/infertility. This review briefly reassesses telomere integrity as a fertility biomarker before proposing a novel, mechanistic rationale for the role of oxidative stress in the seemingly paradoxical lengthening of sperm telomeres with aging.

Abstract
The maintenance of redox balance in the male reproductive tract is critical to sperm health and function. Physiological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote sperm capacitation, while excess ROS exposure, or depleted antioxidant defenses, yields a state of oxidative stress which disrupts their fertilizing capacity and DNA structural integrity. The guanine moiety is the most readily oxidized of the four DNA bases and gets converted to the mutagenic lesion 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Numerous studies have also confirmed oxidative stress as a driving factor behind accelerated telomere shortening and dysfunction. Although a clear consensus has not been reached, clinical studies also appear to associate telomere integrity with fertility outcomes in the assisted reproductive technology setting. Intriguingly, while sperm cellular and molecular characteristics make them more susceptible to oxidative insult than any other cell type, they are also the only cell type in which telomere lengthening accompanies aging. This article focuses on the oxidative stress response pathways to propose a mechanism for the explanation of this apparent paradox.
Production of extracellular vesicles from equine embryo-derived mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Tasma Zoe , Hou Weilin , Damani Tanvi , Seddon Kathleen , Kang Matthew , Ge Yi , Hanlon David , Hollinshead Fiona , Hisey Colin L , Chamley Lawrence W 
Published: August 2022

In brief
Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown promise as off-the-shelf therapeutics; however, producing them in sufficient quantities can be challenging. In this study, MSCs were isolated from preimplantation equine embryos and used to produce EVs in two commercially available bioreactor designs.

Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have recently been explored for their potential use as therapeutics in human and veterinary medicine applications, such as the treatment of endometrial inflammation and infertility. Allogeneic MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) may also provide therapeutic benefits with advantage of being an ‘off-the-shelf’ solution, provided they can be produced in large enough quantities, without contamination from bovine EVs contained in fetal bovine serum that is a common component of cell culture media. Toward this aim, we demonstrated the successful isolation and characterization of equine MSCs from preimplantation embryos. We also demonstrate that many of these lines can be propagated long-term in culture while retaining their differentiation potential and conducted a head-to-head comparison of two bioreactor systems for scalable EV production including in serum-free conditions. Based on our findings, the CELLine AD 1000 flasks enabled higher cell density cultures and significantly more EV production than the FiberCell system or conventional culture flasks. These findings will enable future isolation of equine MSCs and the scalable culture of their EVs for a wide range of applications in this rapidly growing field.
The Collective Imagination and the Limitations for the Tianxia to Replace the Westphalian World Order
Authors: Česnakas Giedrius 
Published: August 2022

The collective political imagination establishes world orders that define how political communities interact. The relative power of the West allowed the introduction of the first global world order, known as the Westphalian. However, the increasing relative power of the People’s Republic of China allows it to promote an alternative world order vision, which is the result of its political imagination. Zhao Tingyang’s re-imagined hierarchic Tianxia order is seen as a challenger to the Westphalian order. This paper analyzes whether the Tianxia order can replace the Westphalian, considering the contemporary global political environment. The discussion is based on Jeffrey Legro’s theory of collective ideas and foreign policy change, applying it to world order replacement analysis. The findings suggest that the Tianxia has significant limitations in replacing the Westphalian world order. The Westphalian order orthodoxy remains strong. The order is also adaptable, capable of including hierarchical elements. Despite the increase of the PRC’s relative power and its greater capabilities to shape norms with domestic support, continuity usually prevails, so the habit of sovereignty prevails over hierarchical order. Finally, the article argues that the Tianxia order is not resilient to the anarchic-competitive element of human nature.
Apophenia, absorption and anxiety: Evidence for individual differences in positive and negative experiences of Hallucinogen Persisting Perceptual Disorder
Authors: Irvine Alexander , Luke David 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Little is known about individual differences in Hallucinogen Persisting Perceptual Disorder (HPPD). This study investigated visual processing style and personality across two HPPD types (HPPD I and HPPD II) and a Non-HPPD group.

Methods
An online survey was delivered to participants sourced from online HPPD and psychedelic user groups and forums (N = 117). Using one-way ANOVA, respondents were compared across four measures of individual difference. Using logistic regression, a range of visual symptoms and experiences were investigated as potential predictors of group categorisation.

Results
The HPPD I group had higher absorption and visual apophenia scores than the other groups and was predicted by higher drug use. The HPPD II group showed significantly higher trait anxiety than both other groups. Across the HPPD groups, HPPD II categorisation was also predicted by increased negative precipitating experiences, lack of prior knowledge and pre-existing anxiety diagnoses.

Conclusions
Anxiety, negative precipitating experiences and lack of prior knowledge are associated with negative experiences of persistent visual symptoms following hallucinogen use, whilst higher absorption and visual apophenia are associated with positive or neutral experiences. Together these findings indicate that differences in personality may play a role in determining an individual's experience of HPPD, highlighting the role of individual difference research in expanding knowledge around HPPD.
Protection and renewal design of vernacular architecture in Xiazhuang Village
Authors: Shi Yongting , Tamás Anna Mária , Sztranyák Gergely 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The focus of this study is how Xiazhuang Village with high quality resources can achieve sustainable development in the new era by protecting and transforming vernacular architecture. Based on the layout of village, the characteristics of vernacular architecture and the ecological advantages of construction technology, this study puts forward the classification renewal and optimization design based on different buildings to solve the problems of village. Try to find a way to continue the historical context of vernacular architecture and satisfy the development of rural tourism at the same time.
Analysis of composite bridge deck considering the effects of concrete cracking
Authors: Brinissat Marame , Kuti Rajmund , Bichikhi Mohammed El Mehdi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cracking in composite steel-concrete bridge decks is a common problem in civil engineering. Before, or shortly after, the bridge is subjected to live loads; various levels of cracking can appear, mostly due to plastic shrinkage and temperature effects.
This paper presents an investigation of the behavior of cracked concrete in a composite deck slab of a railway bridge supported by steel girders using the finite element method. Eurocode 4-2 proposes a few simplified methods for calculating shrinkage and cracking effects in concrete. Through the proposed methods of analysis, an analytical simulation of a continuous composite steel-concrete bridge deck is performed and some practical recommendations for analyzing beam girders of this type are given.