bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Nanomaterial‐Modified Anodes in Microbial Fuel Cells: Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Jiang Yu‐Jing , Hui Su , Jiang Li‐Ping , Zhu Jun‐Jie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMicrobial fuel cell (MFC) is a promising approach that could utilize microorganisms to oxidize biodegradable pollutants in wastewater and generate electrical power simultaneously. Introducing advanced anode nanomaterials is generally considered as an effective way to enhance MFC performance by increasing bacterial adhesion and facilitating extracellular electron transfer (EET). This review focuses on the key advances of recent anode modification materials, as well as the current understanding of the microbial EET process occurring at the bacteria‐electrode interface. Based on the difference in combination mode of the exoelectrogens and nanomaterials, anode surface modification, hybrid biofilm construction and single‐bacterial surface modification strategies are elucidated exhaustively. The inherent mechanisms may help to break through the performance output bottleneck of MFCs by rational design of EET‐related nanomaterials, and lead to the widespread application of microbial electrochemical systems.
Latent profiles of dietary restraint among individuals with binge‐spectrum eating disorders: Associations with eating disorder symptom severity
Authors: Presseller Emily K. , Lampe Elizabeth W. , Nunez Nicole , Juarascio Adrienne S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe relationship of dietary restraint in increasing risk for binge eating among individuals with binge‐spectrum eating disorders (B‐EDs) is well established. However, previous research has not yet identified whether these individuals exhibit heterogeneous profiles of dietary restraint and whether these profiles are associated with differences in eating pathology.MethodsIndividuals with B‐EDs (N = 290) completed the Eating Disorder Examination. Latent profile analysis was conducted on dietary restraint frequency data, including restriction of overall amount of food consumed, avoidance of eating, desire for an empty stomach, food avoidance, and dietary rules. Identified latent profiles were compared on binge eating frequency, compensatory behaviors frequency, and ED pathology using the three‐step procedure.ResultsA four‐class model of dietary restraint best fit the data. Classes significantly differed in frequency of compensatory behaviors (F[3, 286] = 31.01, p < .001), EDE Eating Concern (F[3, 286] = 14.36, p < .001), EDE Shape Concern (F[3, 286] = 7.06, p < .001), EDE Weight Concern (F[3, 286] = 6.83, p < .001), and ED Pathology (F[3, 286] = 12.86, p < .001), but did not differ in frequency of objective (F[3, 286] = 2.45, p = .06) or subjective binge episodes (F[3, 286] = 1.87, p = .14).DiscussionIndividuals with B‐EDs exhibit distinct profiles of dietary restraint, which are associated with frequency of compensatory behaviors and severity of ED pathology.Public Significance StatementIndividuals with binge‐spectrum eating disorders have different patterns of restrictive eating symptoms. These profiles of restrictive eating behaviors are associated with differences in severity of compensatory behaviors and cognitive eating disorder symptoms, like shape and weight dissatisfaction. Understanding the relationships between profiles of restrictive eating behaviors and other eating disorder symptoms may allow for personalization of treatment and improvements in treatment efficacy.
Development of a circuit breaker system using a linear motor with opposite magnetic poles
Authors: Aoyama Yasuaki , Hasegawa Yu , Shiraishi Katsuhiko , Hashimoto Hiroaki , Urai Hajime , Ebisawa Daisuke 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe high‐thrust linear motor with a lightweight and high‐strength mover was developed for operating circuit breakers. The linear motor is composed of a lightweight mover that has permanent magnets sandwiched between magnetic poles and an armature with a three‐dimensional magnetic circuit. The specifications and performance of the linear motor were determined to cut off current soundly. Then, a prototype of a fully electrically operated breaker using linear motor was investigated. The linear‐motor‐based operating mechanism designed for the circuit breaker reached the open‐pole position in 13.2 ms from the start of movement. However, the time from opening to 0.5 cycle was 9.0 ms. In addition, the variation in breaking operation time was within 1 ms, which was expected that stable controlled operation.
Insulo‐opercular stereoelectroencephalography exploration in children and young adults: Indications, techniques, and safety
Authors: Chilukuri Akanksha S. , Awkwayena Emefa , Abel Taylor J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveSampling the insulo‐opercular region with invasive recordings is crucial given the importance of this region in epileptic networks and a variety of electroclinical presentations. However, implantation of the insulo‐opercular region via stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) is considered technically challenging given complex vascular and gray matter relationships in this region. We investigated the safety of insulo‐opercular sEEG exploration in children and young adults using standard sEEG approaches: (1) orthogonal insulo‐opercular (including the pseudo‐orthogonal insulo‐opercular approach) and (2) medial‐lateral insular oblique approach.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of 30 consecutive patients who underwent 33 sEEG implantations. All patients had drug‐resistant focal epilepsy, were between the ages of 4 and 21, and were operated at one institution between January 2019 and March 2021. Medical records and neuroimaging were reviewed. Hemorrhage, infection, and other complications were considered as outcome variables.ResultsA total of 519 electrodes were placed. Eighty‐one were placed orthogonally into the temporal operculum, 53 orthogonally into the frontal operculum, and 19 obliquely into the insula. sEEG electrodes localized seizure onset to the insulo‐opercular region in eight patients, leading to a resection three times, an ablation four times, and one peri‐insular hemispherectomy. Of the 519 electrodes placed, none of them exhibited hemorrhage or serious complications. Of the 153 electrodes placed into the insula, none had any permanent deficits or complications and one had minor bleeding due to the electrode breaking.SignificanceThese results demonstrate that the orthogonal (including pseudo‐orthogonal) and medial approaches to sampling the insula are safe.
Effects of the BTN162b2 mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine in humoral and cellular immunity in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Fiorcari Stefania , Atene Claudio Giacinto , Maffei Rossana , Mesini Nicolò , Debbia Giulia , Colasante Corrado , Pozzi Stefano , Barbieri Emiliano , Maccaferri Monica , Leonardi Giovanna , Potenza Leonardo , Luppi Mario , Marasca Roberto 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most common leukemia in the western countries, is characterized by immunosuppression due to disease itself and cytotoxic treatments. Since the beginning of COVID‐19 pandemic, patients with CLL appear to be a vulnerable population. In addition, phase III mRNA vaccine trials did not provide information about the efficacy in immunocomprised population. In CLL, the antibody‐mediated response to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine is impaired. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination on humoral immune response and on cellular immunity in CLL patients. Humoral immune response to BNT162b2 messenger RNA COVID‐19 vaccine was evaluated in 44 CLL patients comprising 20 treatment‐naïve, 14 under treatment with ibrutinib and 10 in follow‐up after completion of therapy. A positive serological response to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination with IgG titers higher than 13 UA/ml was detected in 54.6% of CLL patients with a higher response in patients who obtained remission after treatment. Reduced antibody response was detected in patients under ibrutinib treatment. T‐cell response to overlapping pool of peptides representing the spike region was assessed in paired CLL samples collected before and after 1 month from the second dose of COVID‐19 vaccine in treatment‐naïve and ibrutinib‐treated CLL patients using cytokine secretion assay. Both CD3+ CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ T cells are able to mount a cellular response to spike peptides with secretion of IFNγ and TNFα before and after vaccination in both treatment naïve and ibrutinib‐treated patients and this cellular immune response is independent by COVID‐19 vaccination. Collectively, T cell response to spike peptides appeared more blunted in CLL patients under treatment with ibrutinib compared to untreated ones. Our study supports the need for optimization of vaccination strategy to achieve an adequate immune response keeping strict preventive measures by CLL patients against COVID‐19.
A turbulent air‐flow corrugating photovoltaic model to enhance power output
Authors: Duwairi Hamzeh , Yousef Alia , Alrbai Mohammad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper investigated the influence of the cooling of turbulent blowing air on the photovoltaic (PV) modules using the corrugation technique. The well‐known five‐parameter diode equation side by side with conservation principles were used to study the effect of corrugating lower PV sides to cool PV's and enhance efficiency. As the main restriction of PV systems is low efficiency that is powerfully counting on its operational temperature, therefore, reducing the operating temperature of PV cells is critical for the PV panel to work. To achieve this aim, a mathematical model describing PV temperatures and efficiency using continuity, momentum, and energy side by side with the Shockley diode equation was built. It was found that the corrugating of lower sides of PV's up to 1 mm in a distance of 20 mm considering turbulent flow conditions considerably reduced temperature and consequently enhanced thermal efficiency from 13% to 15%; the eddy viscosity and Reynolds shear stress increased boundary layer thickness and velocities, so increased the coefficient of heat transfer and consequently electrical power output and thermal efficiency.
High Bone Mass Disorders: New Insights From Connecting the Clinic and the Bench
Authors: Bergen Dylan J.M. , Maurizi Antonio , Formosa Melissa M. , McDonald Georgina L.K. , El-Gazzar Ahmed , Hassan Neelam , Brandi Maria-Luisa , Riancho José A. , Rivadeneira Fernando , Ntzani Evangelia , Duncan Emma L. , Gregson Celia L. , Kiel Douglas P. , Zillikens M. Carola , Sangiorgi Luca , Högler Wolfgang , Duran Ivan , Mäkitie Outi , Van Hul Wim , Hendrickx Gretl 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Monogenic high bone mass (HBM) disorders are characterized by an increased amount of bone in general, or at specific sites in the skeleton. Here, we describe 59 HBM disorders with 50 known disease-causing genes from the literature, and we provide an overview of the signaling pathways and mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders. Based on this, we classify the known HBM genes into HBM (sub)groups according to uniform Gene Ontology (GO) terminology. This classification system may aid in hypothesis generation, for both wet lab experimental design and clinical genetic screening strategies. We discuss how functional genomics can shape discovery of novel HBM genes and/or mechanisms in the future, through implementation of omics assessments in existing and future model systems. Finally, we address strategies to improve gene identification in unsolved HBM cases and highlight the importance for cross-laboratory collaborations encompassing multidisciplinary efforts to transfer knowledge generated at the bench to the clinic. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
MicroRNA‐506 ameliorates breast cancer‐induced osteolytic bone metastasis via the NFATc‐1 signaling pathway
Authors: Lv Feng , Qin Jingbo , Kong Shuxin , Pan Limin , Ding Ran 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBreast cancer is becoming a common life‐threatening disease, especially in women, along with higher incidence and mortality. MicroRNA (miR)−506 was reported to participate in breast cancer progression, while the role of miR‐506 in breast cancer‐induced osteolytic bone metastasis is unclear. In the present study, we found significant downregulation of miR‐506 in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR‐506 notably reduced the proliferative, migratory and invasive rates of MCF7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells, and reduced the production of inflammatory factors IL‐6 and TNF‐α in MCF7 cells. Moreover, overexpression of miR‐506 obviously inhibited tumor growth in an in vivo animal model. In addition, overexpression of miR‐560 efficiently attenuated breast cancer‐induced osteolysis in vivo, which was characterized by increased bone volume/total volume (BT/TV), trabecular number (Tb. N), and trabecular thickness (Tb. Th), as well as the reduced trabecular separation (Tb. Sp). The nuclear factor of activated T cell cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) was identified as a downstream target of miR‐506, and overexpression of miR‐506 could inhibit breast cancer progression by targeting NFATc1. Furthermore, our results showed that NFATc‐1 might participate in the inhibition of miR‐506 on breast cancer‐induced osteolysis. In conclusion, our findings provide insights into understanding the pathogenesis of breast cancer and breast cancer‐induced osteolytic bone metastasis, and miR‐506 might serve as a novel biomarker for this disease.
Measuring barriers of behavior change: How to better operationalize psychosocial constructs of control
Authors: Branscum Paul , Gresla Alice 
Published: September 2022

AbstractResearchers are generally interested in understanding barriers of behavior change, however current methods used to elicit such information may be confounded with other theoretical constructs such as motivation, and attitudes. The purpose of this study was to understand how distinct methodologies lead to potentially different results when eliciting barriers of physical activity among military spouses. Military spouses were recruited online (n = 253) and randomized into one of four conditions; a standard condition (standard elicitation of barriers); an impossible condition (elicitation using alternative words); an incentive condition (motivation held constant by the use of a hypothetical incentive); or a vignette condition (participants were primed with a vignette to interpret the literal meaning of prevent and enable). Responses were coded into categories and results showed participants reported significantly fewer barriers and enablers for physical activity for all treatment conditions compared to the standard condition. This study sheds light on how barriers of behavior change are studied, and potential problems that occur when attempting to elicit them in research and practice. Careful consideration should be given when eliciting barriers, to assure they are not convoluted with other psychosocial constructs.
STAC3 determines the slow activation kinetics of CaV1.1 currents and inhibits its voltage‐dependent inactivation
Authors: Tuinte Wietske E. , Török Enikő , Mahlknecht Irene , Tuluc Petronel , Flucher Bernhard E. , Campiglio Marta 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe skeletal muscle CaV1.1 channel functions as the voltage‐sensor of excitation−contraction (EC) coupling. Recently, the adaptor protein STAC3 was found to be essential for both CaV1.1 functional expression and EC coupling. Interestingly, STAC proteins were also reported to inhibit calcium‐dependent inactivation (CDI) of L‐type calcium channels (LTCC), an important negative feedback mechanism in calcium signaling. The same could not be demonstrated for CaV1.1, as STAC3 is required for its functional expression. However, upon strong membrane depolarization, CaV1.1 conducts calcium currents characterized by very slow kinetics of activation and inactivation. Therefore, we hypothesized that the negligible inactivation observed in CaV1.1 currents reflects the inhibitory effect of STAC3. Here, we inserted a triple mutation in the linker region of STAC3 (ETLAAA), as the analogous mutation abolished the inhibitory effect of STAC2 on CDI of CaV1.3 currents. When coexpressed in CaV1.1/STAC3 double knockout myotubes, the mutant STAC3‐ETLAAA failed to colocalize with CaV1.1 in the sarcoplasmic reticulum/membrane junctions. However, combined patch‐clamp and calcium recording experiments revealed that STAC3‐ETLAAA supports CaV1.1 functional expression and EC coupling, although at a reduced extent compared to wild‐type STAC3. Importantly, STAC3‐ETLAAA coexpression dramatically accelerated the kinetics of activation and inactivation of CaV1.1 currents, suggesting that STAC3 determines the slow CaV1.1 currents kinetics. To examine if STAC3 specifically inhibits the CDI of CaV1.1 currents, we performed patch‐clamp recordings using calcium and barium as charge carriers in HEK cells. While CaV1.1 displayed negligible CDI with STAC3, this did not increase in the presence of STAC3‐ETLAAA. On the contrary, our data demonstrate that STAC3 specifically inhibits the voltage‐dependent inactivation (VDI) of CaV1.1 currents. Altogether, these results designate STAC3 as a crucial determinant for the slow activation kinetics of CaV1.1 currents and implicate STAC proteins as modulators of both components of inactivation of LTCC.
Transient inhibition of CDK2 activity prevents oocyte meiosis I completion and egg activation in mouse
Authors: Li Jian , Chang Hao‐Ya , Yi Zi‐Yun , Zhang Chun‐Hui , Sun Qing‐Yuan , Qian Wei‐Ping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMammalian oocytes are arrested at the diplotene stage of prophase I during fetal or postnatal development. It was reported that cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDK1) was the sole CDK to drive the resumption of meiosis and CDK2 was dispensable for meiosis progression in mouse oocytes according to the conditional knockout studies. However, a recent study showed that CDK2 activity is essential for meiotic division and gametogenesis by means of gene‐directed mutagenesis, which avoids the compensatory activation of other CDKs. Taken the compensatory effect between CDKs after gene knockout, the physiological function of CDK2 activity in oocyte maturation remains unclear. To address this issue, we applied a specific small‐molecule inhibitor to restrain CDK2 activity transiently during oocyte meiotic maturation. Surprisingly, transient inhibition of CDK2 activity severely prevented the meiosis I completion although the meiotic resumption was not affected. Then we found that CDK2 activity was required for establishment of normal spindle and chromosome dynamics. Notably, CDK2 inhibition interrupted the anaphase‐promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C)‐dependent degradation pathway by maintaining the activation of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Interestingly, CDK2 inhibition prevented the egg activation as well. Overall, our data demonstrate that CDK2 kinase activity is required for proper dynamics of spindle and chromosomes, whose disturbance induces the continuous SAC activation and subsequent inactivation of APC/C activity in oocyte meiosis.
Potential Drug Interaction Between Favipiravir and Warfarin in Patients With COVID‐19: A Real‐World Observational Study
Authors: Wattana Konkanok , Uitrakul Suriyon , Leesakulpisut Nattapol , Khunkit Pirawan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFavipiravir is one of the most used antiviral agents for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 infection in many countries, including Thailand. This study aimed to investigate the effect of favipiravir‐warfarin interaction in terms of changes in international normalized ratio (INR) of patients. Medication charts of all inpatients in a hospital in Thailand between April 2021 and March 2022 were reviewed. Patients who received either warfarin with standard care or warfarin with favipiravir were included. The INR levels of patients were monitored at baseline and the earliest date following treatment, as well as other laboratory parameters. There were 43 and 53 patients in the warfarin‐favipiravir and the warfarin‐only groups, respectively. Baseline characteristics, such as sex, age, body mass index, and warfarin dose, were not significantly different between the 2 groups. The results showed that the mean INR of patients using favipiravir and warfarin was increased from 2.14 to 3.88 (P < .001), while the patients using warfarin alone had no increase in the mean INR (1.93 vs 1.91; P = .906). Other parameters were not significantly changed, including white blood cell count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and liver function. However, an increase in platelet count was observed in the favipiravir‐warfarin group, but not in the control group. This real‐world study highlighted a significant increase in the INR levels of patients who used favipiravir together with warfarin, compared to patients who used only warfarin. However, the interaction did not affect other laboratory parameters, except an increase in platelet count.
High‐concentration atropine induces corneal epithelial cell apoptosis via miR‐30c‐1/SOCS3
Authors: Chen Xi‐Jia , Hu Po , Yi Shu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAtropine is an anticholinergic drug widely used in the field of ophthalmology, but its abuse can cause cytotoxicity to the cornea, resulting in blurred vision. This study used cultured human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) to investigate the mechanism of high‐concentration atropine‐induced cytotoxicity. HCECs were treated with different concentrations of atropine. The expression levels of microRNA (miR)‐30c‐1 and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) were manipulated in HCECs treated with 0.1% atropine. Cell counting kit‐8 assay and flow cytometry were used to assess the viability and apoptosis of HCECs. The relationship between miR‐30c‐1 and SOCS3 was obtained from an online database and validated using a dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation method. The effect of atropine on the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway was also investigated. High‐concentration atropine inhibited the viability of HCECs and promoted their apoptosis. Moreover, atropine reduced miR‐30c‐1 expression and increased SOCS3 expression in a dose‐dependent manner. It was found that miR‐30c‐1 targeted SOCS3. Overexpression of miR‐30c‐1‐reduced atropine‐induced HCEC cytotoxicity, whereas upregulation of SOCS3 reversed the effects of miR‐30c‐1 overexpression. High‐concentration atropine inhibited activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway via miR‐30c‐1/SOCS3. High‐concentration atropine induces HCEC apoptosis by regulating the miR‐30c‐1/SOCS3 axis and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.