bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA and RNA oxidative damage in the retina is associated with ganglion cell mitochondria
Authors: Gu Lei , Kwong Jacky M. , Caprioli Joseph , Piri Natik 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study examines retinas from a rat glaucoma model for oxidized nucleosides 8OHdG and 8OHG, biomarkers for oxidative damage of DNA and RNA, respectively. Immunohistochemical data indicate a predominant localization of 8OHdG/8OHG in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The levels for these oxidized DNA/RNA products were 3.2 and 2.8 fold higher at 1 and 2 weeks after intraocular pressure elevation compared to control retinas, respectively. 8OHdG/8OHG were almost exclusively associated with mitochondrial DNA/RNA: ~ 65% of 8OHdG/8OHG were associated with RNA isolated from mitochondrial fraction and ~ 35% with DNA. Furthermore, we analyzed retinas of the rd10 mouse, a model for retinitis pigmentosa, with severe degeneration of photoreceptors to determine whether high levels of 8OHdG/8OHG staining intensity in RGCs of control animals is related to the high level of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation necessary to support light-evoked RGC activity. No significant difference in 8OHdG/8OHG staining intensity between control and rd10 mouse retinas was observed. The results of this study suggest that high levels of 8OHdG/8OHG in RGCs of wild-type animals may lead to cell damage and progressive loss of RGCs observed during normal aging, whereas ocular hypertension-induced increase in the level of oxidatively damaged mitochondrial DNA/RNA could contribute to glaucomatous neurodegeneration.
Hepatisch metastasiertes kolorektales Karzinom
Authors: Ettrich Thomas J. , Hüttner Felix J. , Lisson Christoph , Gani Cihan , Prasad Vikas , Seufferlein Thomas 
Published: May 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGFür die multimodale Therapie des hepatisch metastasierten kolorektalen Karzinoms stehen neben der System- und der chirurgischen Therapie unterschiedliche lokalablative Verfahren zur Verfügung, die das therapeutische Spektrum maßgeblich erweitern. Die Verfügbarkeit dieser Verfahren erfordert eine hohe Kompetenz der beteiligten Partner. Eine enge interdisziplinäre Abstimmung in entsprechenden Tumorboards im Therapieverlauf ist notwendig, um eine onkologisch optimale Therapiestrategie zu entwickeln und diese auch immer wieder zu adaptieren.
Dokumentation, Anwendung und Ansätze zur Reduktion von unfreiwilligen Unterbringungen und Zwangsmaßnahmen – Ergebnisse einer bundesweiten Befragung akutpsychiatrischer Krankenhäuser in Deutschland
Authors: Efkemann Simone Agnes , Haußleiter Ida Sibylle , Steinert Tilman , Hoffmann Knut , Juckel Georg 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte mit einer angestrebten Vollerhebung den Dokumentationsstatus bezüglich Unterbringungen und Zwangsmaßnahmen in psychiatrischen Kliniken in Deutschland.
Methodik Im Rahmen der ZIPHER-Studie wurde eine Fragebogenerhebung hinsichtlich der Dokumentation, Anwendung und Bemühungen zur Reduktion von Zwang durchgeführt (N = 147, Rücklaufquote = 34,4 %).
Ergebnisse Die teilnehmenden Kliniken berichteten überwiegend von einer umfassenden Dokumentation von Zwangsmaßnahmen, jedoch zeigten sich sowohl diesbezüglich als auch für den Einsatz von Leitlinien erhebliche regionale Unterschiede. Die Unterbringungsquote lag bei M = 13,4 % (± 10,9). Von diesen waren 33,9 % (± 22,2) von Fixierung betroffen, 8,9 % (± 17,2) von Isolierung und 11,8 % (± 18,0) von Zwangsmedikation.
Schlussfolgerung Die regionalen Unterschiede rufen zu einer Vereinheitlichung der rechtlichen Grundlagen und praktischen Anwendung sowie einer flächendeckenden Zusammenführung der entsprechenden Daten auf.
Physiotherapie in Deutschen Perinatalzentren
Authors: Leyener Uta , Kraushaar Carolin , Dathe Anne-Kathrin , Felderhoff-Müser Ursula , Marschik Peter B. , Zhang Dajie , Hüning Britta Maria 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Einheitliche Empfehlungen für stationäre und
ambulante Physiotherapie bei Frühgeborenen fehlen in Deutschland. Ziel
dieser Studie war die Untersuchung der Verordnungspraxis deutscher
Perinatalzentren. Werden standardisierte Assessments zur Indikationsstellung
genutzt? Welchen Stellenwert nimmt das General Movements Assessment in der
postnatalen Diagnostik ein?
Methodik Online-Befragung der deutschen Perinatalzentren mit 21 Fragen zur
Indikationsstellung und Verordnungspraxis für stationäre und
ambulante Physiotherapie in der Versorgung Frühgeborener, sowie den
Kenntnissen zum General Movements Assessment und deren klinische Anwendung via
Lime-Survey.
Ergebnisse 81% der Teilnehmer empfehlen indikationsbasiert
„immer“ oder „häufig“ stationäre
Physiotherapie für Frühgeborene, 53% empfehlen
„immer“/„häufig“ ambulante
Therapie. Die Indikationsstellung erfolgt v. a. bei diesen Symptomen
(N=344) und Diagnosen (N=273) (Mehrfachnennungen): Hypotonie
(94%), Tonusregulationsstörung (92%), neurologische
Auffälligkeiten (97%) und Hirnschädigungen
(94%). Standardisierte Testungen nutzen 41% der Teilnehmer. Das
General Movements Assessment ist in 87% der Zentren bekannt, 11%
setzen sie mehrmals in der Woche, 17% mehrmals im Monat zur
Indikationsstellung ein.
Schlussfolgerung Physiotherapie wird bei Frühgeborenen
häufig verordnet. Die Indikationsstellung erfolgt primär nach
Symptom- oder Krankheitsbild, weniger anhand standardisierter Testverfahren. Das
General Movements Assessment ist eine weithin bekannte, jedoch klinisch noch
nicht allgemein eingesetzte Methode.
Parálisis del nervio radial neonatal: Relato de un caso
Authors: Barragán Ana Ramírez , Álvarez Sergio Martínez , Palero Serafín Rodríguez , Mangas Marta Martín 
Published: May 2022

ResumenLa parálisis radial neonatal aislada (PRNA) es un cuadro clínico infrecuente que debe distinguirse de otras entidades más frecuentes, como la parálisis braquial obstétrica (PBO). Debemos sospechar una PRNA en neonatos que presentan incapacidad para la extensión de muñeca y de dedos, pero mantienen intacta la función del deltoides, del bíceps, y del tríceps, así como la flexión de muñeca y de dedos. Mientras la PBO tiene una evolución clínica variable dependiendo de la extensión de la lesión neurológica, la PRNA presenta una resolución espontánea, independientemente del grado de afectación inicial. Presentamos el caso de un recién nacido con PRNA cuyo diagnóstico inicial fue de PBO.
Theoretical investigation of the structural, optoelectronic, and the application of waste graphene oxide/polymer nanocomposite as a photosensitizer
Authors: Agobi Augustine U , Louis Hitler , Ekpunobi Azubike J , Unimuke Tomsmith O , Ikeuba Alexander I , Pembere Anthony M S , Ozoemena Chiaghanam N 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The negligence of used waste polymers often results in the waste of resources and constitutes serious environmental pollutants. Therefore, it becomes necessary to practically provide a means of converting these waste polymers to useful resources. For this purpose, the potential applicability of some selected waste polymers as the active photosensitizer material in dye-sensitized solar cells were exploited using density functional theory. In this research work, density function theory (DFT) is applied to investigate the interaction of graphene oxide (GO) with monomers of Polypyrrole (PPy), Poly (phenylene vinylene) (PPV), Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) polymers. The geometrical structures of the hybridized nanocomposites GO-PPy, GO-PPV, GO-PVA, and GO-PVP are fully optimized at wB97XD/6–311++G(d,p) computational method. All of the nanocomposites’ optoelectronic properties, the excitation type and the wavelengths, oscillator strengths, as well as the dominant transitions were calculated. Atoms-in-molecules (AIM) and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis were used to analyze the strength and nature of the composites. The results of the ground state energy gap revealed that the hybridized nanocomposites are semiconducting in nature while the 3.7020 eV energy gap of the GO-PVA makes it the most stable among the various nanocomposites. The thermodynamic calculation of the various nanocomposites shows that the GO-PVA nanocomposite is highly endothermic among the various nanocomposites with free energy value of 353.71kcal mol−1. The results of the density of state (DOS) analysis show that the p-orbitals in all of the different nanocomposites had the highest density contribution to the frontier molecular orbitals, and are also found to dominate the anti-bonding states densities.
Thermal degradation of naturally aged NBR with time and temperature
Authors: Ammineni Syam Prasad , Nagaraju Ch , Lingaraju D 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) is a polymer widely used in pipe fittings as a sealing and damping element. The performance of the polymer materials degrades with time and temperature. The present work emphasizes the thermal degradation of NBR materials using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at heating rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20 °C min−1 in a controlled nitrogen environment. Model-free methods, namely the Kissenger, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), and Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFL) approaches, are used to determine the kinetic activation energy and frequency factor. The obtained values were used to calculate the lifetime of virgin NBR and the remaining life of naturally aged NBR. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to detect changes in the functional groups of the NBR material with age. From the experimental data, it is concluded that virgin NBR has better thermal stability than naturally aged NBR. Furthermore, the activation energy of NBR is temperature-dependent, and oxidative aging has a significant impact on the degradation of kinetic parameters. At lower conversion rates, the activation energy of virgin NBR (79.39 kJ mol−1) and aged NBR (78.25 kJ mol−1) are almost the same, while at increased conversion rates, virgin NBR (529.77 kJ mol)−1 has higher activation energy than aged NBR (280.15 kJ mol−1).
The Politicization of Corporate Governance: A Viable Alternative?
Authors: Groswald Ozery Tamar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
It is now well-established that different markets may develop different growth-supporting institutions that can give rise to public firms and set capital markets in motion. Yet, the paradigm view still holds local alternatives as merely stepping stones, a transitional passage toward achieving a deeper and more advanced market, at which point conventional legal and market institutions—modeled on Anglo-American corporate capitalism—are still held necessary.
Four decades of economic development in China challenge these conventions. With modern firms with global prominence and a capital market that is the second largest in the world, corporate governance in China seems to have passed the point of an “adjust or perish” prognostic. The system that governs Chinese firms and the ways in which capital markets function sustain strong governance attributes that go against many fundamentals in economics and legal thought. Political involvement and state ownership, both assumed to stand in the way of capital market growth, remain prevalent while the market continues to advance.
Most strikingly, harmonization with conventional corporate governance been pushed aside as the Chinese Communist Party has decided to exercise an ever-more expansive and direct role in market activity. Public firms in present-day China are increasingly being governed by a “politicized corporate governance.” Political institutions with corporate governance capacities have been deployed both inside and outside firms. These institutions now buttress or even replace weaker traditional corporate governance mechanisms in the Chinese market.
The implications are striking. First, despite justified reasons for alarm, a politicized corporate governance system in China can perform the main functions of corporate governance elsewhere, thereby offering some benefits for public firms and their stockholders. Second, these developments show how path-dependent corporate governance attributes, here political institutions, reject convergence predictions yet have enough plasticity to evolve and to support modern firms and markets beyond assumed thresholds and developmental milestones. In so doing, China’s politicized corporate governance casts doubts on law and development conventions as well as on both sides of a long-standing governance convergence debate. Finally, the politicization of corporate governance in China offers a new direction in comparative corporate governance scholarship, providing evidence of an instituted reversal from outwardly convergent corporate governance toward a new form of a planned economy.
Effects of a pharmacy-driven medication history program on patient outcomes
Authors: Marshall John , Hayes Bryan D , Koehl Jennifer , Hillmann William , Bravard Marjory A , Jacob Susan , Gil Rosy , Mitchell Elisabeth , Ferrante Francesco , Giulietti Jennifer , Tull Andrea , Liu Xiu , Lucier David 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Obtaining an accurate medication history is a vital component of medication reconciliation upon admission to the hospital. Despite the importance of this task, medication histories are often inaccurate and/or incomplete. We evaluated the association of a pharmacy-driven medication history initiative on clinical outcomes of patients admitted to the general medicine service of an academic medical center.

Methods
Comparing patients who received a pharmacy-driven medication history to those who did not, a retrospective stabilized inverse probability treatment weighting propensity score analysis was used to estimate the average treatment effect of the intervention on general medical patients. Fifty-two patient baseline characteristics including demographic, operational, and clinical variables were controlled in the propensity score model. Hospital length of stay, 7-day and 30-day unplanned readmissions, and in-hospital mortality were evaluated.

Results
Among 11,576 eligible general medical patients, 2,234 (19.30%) received a pharmacy-driven medication history and 9,342 (80.70%) patients did not. The estimated average treatment effect of receiving a pharmacy-driven medication history was a shorter length of stay (mean, 5.88 days vs 6.53 days; P = 0.0002) and a lower in-hospital mortality rate (2.34% vs 3.72%, P = 0.001), after adjustment for differences in patient baseline characteristics. No significant difference was found for 7-day or 30-day all-cause readmission rates.

Conclusion
Pharmacy-driven medication histories reduced length of stay and in-hospital mortality in patients admitted to the general medical service at an academic medical center but did not change 7-day and 30-day all-cause readmission rates. Further research via a large, multisite randomized controlled trial is needed to confirm our findings.
Frictional stability and hydromechanical coupling of serpentinite-bearing fault gouge
Authors: Scuderi Marco M , Carpenter Brett M 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYObservations of slow earthquakes and tremor have raised fundamental questions about the physics of quasi-dynamic rupture and the underlying fault zone processes. The presence of serpentinite at P-T conditions characteristic of deep tremor and slow earthquakes suggests that it plays an important role in controlling complex fault slip behaviour. Here, we report on experiments designed to investigate the frictional behaviour of serpentinite sampled from outcrop exposures (SO1 and SO2) of altered ultramafic rocks present at depth, and recovered from the SAFOD borehole (G27). XRD analyses reveal the presence of chrisotyle, lizardite, kaolinite, talc in SO1; lizardite, clinochlore and magnetite in SO2; and lizardite, quartz and calcite in G27. We sheared fault gouge in a double-direct shear configuration using a true triaxial deformation apparatus. The effective normal stress was varied from 2 to 40 MPa. We conducted velocity stepping tests and slide-hold-slide (SHS) tests in each experiment to characterize frictional stability and healing. At the end of each experiment, post-shear permeability was measured and the samples were recovered for microstructural analysis. The steady-state friction coefficient was μ = 0.17 for SO1, μ = 0.33 for SO2 and μ = 0.53 for G27. Overall, the gouges exhibit velocity strengthening behaviour, and become nearly velocity neutral at 40 MPa effective normal stress. SHS tests show positive healing rates for SO2 and G27, whereas SO1 exhibits zero or negative healing rates. Permeability decreases with increasing σn’, with SO1 (k = 10–20 m2) showing the lowest values. Microstructural observations reveal a well-developed R-Y-P fabric in SO1, which is not observed in SO2 and G27. We posit that the development of shear fabric controlled by mineralogy governs frictional and hydrological properties. In this context, when serpentinite is associated with other weak phyllosilicate minerals, frictional stability and hydrological properties can vary greatly, with a potential control on the mode of fault failure.
Open Hardware in Science: The Benefits of Open Electronics
Authors: Oellermann Michael , Jolles Jolle W , Ortiz Diego , Seabra Rui , Wenzel Tobias , Wilson Hannah , Tanner Richelle L 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOpenly shared low-cost electronic hardware applications, known as open electronics, have sparked a new open-source movement, with much untapped potential to advance scientific research. Initially designed to appeal to electronic hobbyists, open electronics have formed a global “maker” community and are increasingly used in science and industry. In this perspective article, we review the current costs and benefits of open electronics for use in scientific research ranging from the experimental to the theoretical sciences. We discuss how user-made electronic applications can help (I) individual researchers, by increasing the customization, efficiency, and scalability of experiments, while improving data quantity and quality; (II) scientific institutions, by improving access to customizable high-end technologies, sustainability, visibility, and interdisciplinary collaboration potential; and (III) the scientific community, by improving transparency and reproducibility, helping decouple research capacity from funding, increasing innovation, and improving collaboration potential among researchers and the public. We further discuss how current barriers like poor awareness, knowledge access, and time investments can be resolved by increased documentation and collaboration, and provide guidelines for academics to enter this emerging field. We highlight that open electronics are a promising and powerful tool to help scientific research to become more innovative and reproducible and offer a key practical solution to improve democratic access to science.
Walking—and Running and Jumping—with Dinosaurs and their Cousins, Viewed Through the Lens of Evolutionary Biomechanics
Authors: Cuff A R , Demuth O E , Michel K , Otero A , Pintore R , Polet D T , Wiseman A L A , Hutchinson J R 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Archosauria diversified throughout the Triassic Period before experiencing two mass extinctions near its end ∼201 Mya, leaving only the crocodile-lineage (Crocodylomorpha) and bird-lineage (Dinosauria) as survivors; along with the pterosaurian flying reptiles. About 50 years ago, the “locomotor superiority hypothesis” (LSH) proposed that dinosaurs ultimately dominated by the Early Jurassic Period because their locomotion was superior to other archosaurs’. This idea has been debated continuously since, with taxonomic and morphological analyses suggesting dinosaurs were “lucky” rather than surviving due to being biologically superior. However, the LSH has never been tested biomechanically. Here we present integration of experimental data from locomotion in extant archosaurs with inverse and predictive simulations of the same behaviours using musculoskeletal models, showing that we can reliably predict how extant archosaurs walk, run and jump. These simulations have been guiding predictive simulations of extinct archosaurs to estimate how they moved, and we show our progress in that endeavour. The musculoskeletal models used in these simulations can also be used for simpler analyses of form and function such as muscle moment arms, which inform us about more basic biomechanical similarities and differences between archosaurs. Placing all these data into an evolutionary and biomechanical context, we take a fresh look at the LSH as part of a critical review of competing hypotheses for why dinosaurs (and a few other archosaur clades) survived the Late Triassic extinctions. Early dinosaurs had some quantifiable differences in locomotor function and performance vs. some other archosaurs, but other derived dinosaurian features (e.g., metabolic or growth rates, ventilatory abilities) are not necessarily mutually exclusive from the LSH; or maybe even an opportunistic replacement hypothesis; in explaining dinosaurs’ success.
Energy and exergy analysis of a hot dry rock geothermal resource power generation system based on organic Rankine cycle
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Huang Huida , Zhang Xin , Ye Chao , Tang Yuanjuan , Huang Jingqian , Zhao Jun , Luo Guanqun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Hot dry rock is an abundant, stable and low-carbon geothermal resource, which has a promising prospect for power generation in China. In this paper, a hot dry rock power generation system model based on conventional organic Rankine cycle was established. The performance of the system was evaluated by thermodynamic analysis, as well as energy and exergy analyses. Four types of organic working fluids were selected to investigate their effects on system energy efficiency. R114 had much higher energy efficiency (17.50%~ 19.00%) than other three organic working fluids (R245fa, R245ca and R601) when water flow rate ranged from 80 t/h to 260 t/h. When R245fa was used as working fluid and power output was set at 4 MW, energy and exergy efficiency of the system were 15.27% and 50.42%, respectively. According to the energy flow analysis, the major energy losses (15.67 MW) in the system were attributed to the discharge temperature of turbine exhaust. However, exergy flow analysis indicated that the energy loss from turbine exhausts was not as serious as expected, since the work potential of that energy was limited. The exergy destruction of each component in the system was calculated, and the results showed that heat exchanger and the vapor separator were the weakness components in the system, and they respectively contributed to 44.8% and 29.8% of the total exergy destruction. The results obtained in this study provide possible strategies to improve the overall performance of the hot dry rock power generation system based on conventional organic Rankine cycle.