bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a Simple-to-Use Nomogram for Self- Screening the Risk of Dyslipidemia
Authors: Lan Jinyan , Zhou Xueqing , Huang Qian , Zhao Li , Li Penghua , Xi Maomao , Luo Meng , Wu Qiong , Tang Lixu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To develop a simple-to-use nomogram for self-reported healthy adults to self-screening the risk of dyslipidemia based on a logistic regression model.
Methods
The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was applied to select variables, followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis and visual nomogram were performed to establish a prediction model. Discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility of predictive models were assessed using the C-index, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis.
Results
Our proposed dyslipidemia nomogram showed good discriminative ability with a C-index of 0.737 (95% CI: 0.701–0.773). And there was still good calibration and discrimination in the interval validation with a C-index of 0.718. Moreover, the clinical application value of the dyslipidemia nomogram was confirmed by the DCA when intervention was decided at the dyslipidemia possibility threshold between 2% and 45%.
Conclusions
this nomogram may be useful for self-reported healthy adults in self-screening the risk of dyslipidemia.
Electro-Optical Characterization of Amorphous Germanium-Tin (Ge1-XSnx) Microbolometer
Authors: Bahaidra Esam , Al-Khalli Najeeb , Hezam Mahmoud , Alduraibi Mohammad , Ilahi Bouraoui , Debbar Nacer , Abdel-Rahman Mohamed Ramy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The utilization of amorphous germanium-tin (Ge1 − xSnx) semiconducting thin films as temperature sensing layers in microbolometers was recently presented and patented. The work in this paper started by extending the latest study to acquire better characteristics of the Sn concentrations % for microbolometer applications. In this work, Ge1-xSnx thin films with various Sn concentrations %, x, where 0.31 ≤ x ≤ 0.48 we sputter deposited. Elemental composition was evaluated using Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Surface morphology was evaluated using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) revealing average roughness values between ~ 0.2–0.8 nm. Sheet resistance versus temperature measurements was performed and analyzed revealing temperature coefficients of resistances, TCRs, ranging from − 3.11%/K to -2.52%/K for x ranging from 0.31 to 0.40. The Ge1-xSnx thin film was found to depart the semiconducting behavior at 0.40 < x ≤ 0.48. Empirical relationships are derived relating resistivity, TCR, and Sn concentration % for amorphous Ge1-xSnx thin films. One of the films with 31% Sn concentration (Ge0.69Sn0.31) was used to fabricate 10×10 µm2 microbolometer prototypes using electron-beam lithography and liftoff techniques and the microbolometer is fabricated on top of oxidized silicon substrates with no air gap between them. The noise behavior and the maximum detected signal of the fabricated microbolometer were measured. The signal-to-noise ratio, voltage responsivity, and noise equivalent power values of the prototypes were calculated. Finally, the expected performance of the microbolometer when fabricated in an air bridge is calculated.
Tungstic acid: a simple and effective solid catalyst in terpene alcohol oxidation reactions with hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Silva Márcio José , Andrade Pedro Henrique da Silva 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this work, we report for the first time, the tungstic acid-catalyzed oxidation of terpene alcohols with hydrogen peroxide. This simple, solid, and commercially available catalyst efficiently promoted the conversion of borneol, geraniol and nerol to camphor and epoxide products, respectively. Effects of main reaction parameters, such as catalyst load, the molar ratio of oxidant to the substrate, time, and reaction temperature were investigate. Conversions and selectivity greater than 90% were achieved using 1.0 mol % of H2WO4 after 2 h of reaction at 90°C. The activation energy was equal to 66 kJmol-1. We propose a reaction mechanism based on the experimental results. This solid catalyst was easily recovered and reused without loss of activity. As far as we know, it is the first time that tungstic acid was used as the catalyst in the oxidation reactions of terpene alcohols.
Salts containing different amino acids: four types of salts with the sulfate anion
Authors: Petrosyan A. M. , Giester G. , Tonoyan G. S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the present paper we report crystal structures of four types ([A(1)H][A(2)H]Y, [A(1)H]3[A(2)H]Y2, A(1)H[A(2)H···A(2)]Y and A(1)H[A(1)H···A(2)]Y) of mixed salts containing the sulfate anion (Y = SO42−) and amino acids A, i.e. sarcosine (Sar), dimethylglycine (DMG), betaine (Bet), β-alanine (β-Ala) and l-proline (l-Pro): (β-AlaH)(DMGH)SO4·2H2O (I), (β-AlaH)(BetH)SO4 (II), (β-AlaH)(l-ProH)SO4 (III), (BetH)(l-ProH)SO4 (IV), (SarH)3(l-ProH)(SO4)2 (V), (β-AlaH)(l-ProH···l-Pro)SO4 (VI), and (β-AlaH)(β-AlaH···DMG)SO4 (VII). The O⋅⋅⋅O distances in dimeric cations (l-ProH···l-Pro) and (β-AlaH···DMG) are 2.450(3) and 2.5295(12) Å in (VI) and (VII), respectively. Crystal structure determinations of (β-AlaH)(BetH)SO4 (II) at 100K (P21/n), 200K (Pnma), 250K (Pnma) and room temperature (Pnma) revealed a structural phase transition in the interval between 100K and 200K.
Evolution and lessons from an integrated service delivery network in North West Syria
Authors: Witter Sophie , Diaconu Karin , Bou-Orm Ibrahim , Jamal Zeina , Shroff Zubin Cyrus , Mahmoud Abdulbaki , Daher Mahmoud , Varma Vinod 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
North west Syria is a complex and extremely fragile operating environment, with more than 2.8 million people needing humanitarian assistance. To support a common standard of care delivery and enable coordination among the multiple providers in NW Syria, WHO developed an Essential Health Services package (EHSP) in 2016-17 and subsequently supported a facility network model to deliver the EHSP. This article provides an evaluation of the network to date, aiming to inform further development of the network and draw wider lessons for application of similar approaches in complex emergency settings.
Methods
This mixed method study included document review, participatory, qualitative and quantitative data, gathered in the first half of 2021. Participatory data came from two group model building workshops with 21 funders and implementers. Semi-structured interviews with 81 funders, health professionals and community members were also conducted. Analyses of the workshops and interviews was inductive, however a deductive approach was used for synthesising insights across this and the document review. The final component was a survey of health providers (59 health care professionals) and service users (233 pregnant women and 214 persons living with NCDs) across network and other comparable facilities, analysed using routine descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings across all methods were triangulated.
Results
The study finds that the network and its accompanying essential service package were relevant to the dynamic and challenging context, with high but shifting population needs and multiple uncoordinated providers. Judged in relation to its original goals of comprehensive, coordinated services, equitable access and efficient service delivery, the data indicate that gains have been made in all three areas through the network, although assessing attribution is challenging, given the complex environment. The context remained challenging, with shifting boundaries and populations displaced by conflict, difficulties in retaining staff, the need to import medicines and supplies across borders, and governance gaps.
Conclusion
This study adds to a very limited literature on coordinated network approaches used to raise care quality and improve referrals and efficiency in a complex emergency setting. Although areas of ongoing challenge, including for sustainability, are noted, the network demonstrated some resilience strategies and can provide lessons for other similar contexts.
A Bidirectional DNN Partition Mechanism for Efficient Pipeline Parallel Training in Cloud
Authors: Cui Lingyun , Qu Zhihao , Zhang Guomin , Tang Bin , Ye Baoliu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Recently, deep neural networks (DNNs) have shown great promise in many fields while their parameter sizes are rapidly expanding. To break through the computation and memory limitation of a single machine, pipeline model parallelism is proposed for large-scale DNN training by fully utilizing the computation and storage power of the distributed cluster. Cloud data centers can also provide sufficient computing, storage and bandwidth resources. However, most existing approaches apply layer-wise partitioning, which is difficult to obtain an even model partition result because of the large computational overhead discrepancy between DNN layers, resulting in degraded efficiency. To tackle this issue, we propose "Bi-Partition", a novel partitioning method based on bidirectional partitioning for forward propagation (FP) and backward propagation (BP), which improves the efficiency of the pipeline model parallelism system. By deliberated designing distinct cut positions for FP and BP of DNN training, workers in the pipeline get nearly equal computational loads, and the balanced pipeline fully utilizes the computing resources. Experiments on various DNN models and datasets validate the efficiency of our mechanism, e.g., the training efficiency achieving up to 1.9x faster than the state-of-the-art method PipeDream.
Correlation analysis of neutrophil/albumin ratio and leukocyte count/albumin ratio with ischemic stroke severity
Authors: Mao Sanying , Hu Yuanhong , Zheng Xingwu , Yang Chengmin , Li Xianghong , Shang Jingwei , Abe Koji 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Ischemic stroke (IS) is a common neurological disease in the elderly, but the relationship between neutrophil/albumin ratio (NAR) and leukocyte count/albumin ratio (LAR) and the severity of neurological function injury and early neurological deterioration (END)occurrence remain elusive in acute IS.
Methods: A total of 299 patients with acute IS and 56 healthy controls were enrolled. According to the NIHSS score at admission, the disease group was divided into three groups (mild, moderate and severe IS), and the differences in five indexes NAR, LAR, neutrophil count, leukocyte count and albumin among the four groups were analyzed. Furthermore, explore the correlation between the above indicators and the severity of IS and END occurrence.
Results: The results showed that higher NAR, LAR, neutrophil count, leukocyte count levels and lower albuminlevels were associated with acute IS, and the levels of NAR and LAR increased gradually in three groups of IS. NAR and LAR were positively and albumin was negatively correlated with the severity of IS. Meanwhile, NAR and LAR showed a good predictive value in identifying patients with END after acute IS.
Conclusions: NAR and LAR may be predictors of the severity of IS and END occurrence after acute IS.
Quantifying the processes of accelerated wintertime Tibetan Plateau warming: External forcing versus local feedbacks
Authors: Zhao Mengchu , Yang Xiu-Qun , Tao Lingfeng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) has experienced an accelerated wintertime warming in recent decades under global warming, but consensus on its causes has not yet been reached. This study quantifies the processes of the warming through analyzing surface temperature budget and surface energy balance. It is found that increased diabatic heating (71%) and warm advection (29%) by an anomalous anticyclone southeast of TP are two primary processes determining the surface air warming. The former is caused by a significant increase of the TP skin temperature which warms the near surface atmosphere through increasing upward surface sensible heat flux. The land surface warming is attributed to increased absorbed radiation fluxes in which three processes are identified to be major contributors. While external forcing which is primarily due to increased anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases contributes to the warming by 24% through increasing downward longwave radiation, two types of local positive feedbacks which are triggered by the land surface warming are found to contribute to most of the warming. One is the snow-albedo feedback which accounts for 47% of the surface warming by increasing surface absorption of incident solar radiation. The other is the moisture process feedback which accounts for 29% of the surface warming. The surface warming which works with increased soil moisture due to increased precipitation in the preceding seasons tends to promote surface evaporation and moisten the atmosphere aloft over the eastern TP, which, in turn, tends to increase downward longwave radiation and cause a further surface warming.
Recognizing pathology of renal tumor from macroscopic cross-section image by deep learning
Authors: Lin Zefang , Yang Weihong , Zhang Wenqiang , Jiang Chao , Chu Jing , Yang Jing , Yuan Xiaoxu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to develop and evaluate the deep learning-based classification model for recognizing the pathology of renal tumor from macroscopic cross-section image.
Methods: A total of 467 pathology-confirmed patients who received radical nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy were retrospectively enrolled. The experiment of distinguishing malignant and benign renal tumor are conducted followed by performing the multi-subtypes classification models for recognizing four subtypes of benign tumor and four subtypes of malignant tumorsrespectively. The classification models used the same backbone networks which are based on the convolutional neural network (CNN), including EfficientNet-B4, ResNet-18 and VGG-16. The performance of the classification models was evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC),sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Besides, we performed the quantitative comparison among these CNN models.
Results: For the model to differentiate the malignant tumor from the benign tumor, three CNN models all obtained relatively satisfactory performance and the highest AUC was achieved by the ResNet-18 model (AUC=0.9226). There is not statistically significance between EfficientNet-B4 and ResNet-18 architectures and both of them are significantly statistically better than the VGG-16 model. The micro-averaged AUC, macro-averaged sensitivity, macro-averaged specificity and micro-averaged accuracy for the VGG-16 model to distinguish the malignant tumor subtypes achieved 0.9398, 0.5774, 0.8660 and 0.7917 respectively. The performance of the EfficientNet-B4 is not better than that of VGG-16 in terms of micro-averaged AUC except for other metrics. For the models to recognize the benign tumor subtypes, the EfficientNet-B4 ranked the best performance but had not significantly statistical difference with other two models with respect to micro-averaged AUC.
Conclusions: The classification results were relatively satisfactory, which showed the potential for clinical application when analyzing the renal tumor macroscopic cross-section images. Automatically distinguishing the malignant tumor from benign tumor and identifying the subtypes pathology of renal tumor could make the patient-management process more efficient.
Influence of ecological traits on spatio-temporal dynamics of an elasmobranch community in a heavily exploited basin
Authors: Maioli Federico , Weigel Bejamin , Chiarabelli Elettra , Manfredi Chiara , Anibaldi Alessandra , Isailović Igor , Vrgoč Nedo , Casini Michele 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Elasmobranchs, which include sharks and batoids, play critical roles in maintaining the integrity and stability of marine food webs. However, these cartilaginous fish are among the most threatened vertebrate lineages due to their widespread depletion. Consequently, understanding dynamics and predicting changes of elasmobranch communities are major research topics in conservation ecology. Here, we leverage long-term catch data from a standardized bottom trawl survey conducted from 1996 to 2019, to evaluate the spatio-temporal dynamics of the elasmobranch community in the Adriatic Sea. We use joint species distribution modeling to quantify the responses of the species to environmental variation while also including species life-history traits, trophic level, and phylogenetic constraints. We present spatio-temporal changes in the species community and associated modification of the trait composition, highlighting strong spatial and depth-mediated patterning. Overall, we found an increase in species abundance during the past decades. However, our results show that the present community displays lower age at first maturity and a smaller fraction of viviparous species compared to the earlier observed community due to changes in species' relative abundance. The selected traits contributed considerably to explaining community patterns, suggesting that the integration of trait-based approaches in elasmobranch community analyses can aid efforts to conserve this important lineage of fish.
A Low-overhead M_TRNG for Cryptographic Protection using Multiphase Sampling
Authors: Yao Liang , Liang Huaguo , Lu Yingchun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
True Random Number Generator (TRNG) is built on hardware-based non-deterministic noise for generating keys, initialization vectors, and random numbers, and it plays an important role in various applications that require encryption protection.In this paper, a true random number generator based on MUX unit multi-phase sampling is proposed by studying the frequency jitter mechanism. The scheme is based on the "soft macro" design of the MUX unit, which replaces the traditional look-up table entropy scheme. It completes high-precision jitter sampling on the basis of ensuring the fairness of the TRNG entropy source, and can be well transplanted to a series of FPGAs. The proposed TRNG is verified on three FPGAs of Xilinx Virtex-6, Artix-7 and Virtex-7. The experimental results show that the generated random sequences are of good quality, passing the NIST SP800- 22 tests with higher p-value and NIST SP 800-90B tests with higher minimum entropy, while achieving 100Mbps throughput. It is worth mentioning that the resource overhead consumed by the proposed TRNG is small and unitary, only consuming 4 MUX units, 4 DFFs and 1 LUT unit, which has a good application prospect.
An Algebraic Approach to Symmetric Linear Layers in Cryptographic Primitives
Authors: Subroto Robert Christian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Subterranean 2.0 is a permutation-based cipher suite which works with a 257 bit-state. It is designed for lightweight cryptography, and it scores very well with respect to energy consumption. Its security has been investigated by the designers against well known attack vectors. A possible point of concern is the relatively low order of its linear layer, which equals 256. In the past, such properties have been exploited by invariant subspace attacks.
In this work, we explore finding linear mappings with a similar structure as the linear layer of Subterranean, but with a higher order. We rely on concepts from abstract algebra and number theory to understand the relation between the order and the bit-states of these linear maps. Using a 257 bit-state as done in Subterranean is an unfortunate choice for designing such linear mappings with a high order. We present three examples with different bit-states, each having a significantly higher order than 256.
Identification of two female cypress bark beetle pheromone components and evaluation of their activity in the laboratory and the field
Authors: Bozsik Gábor , Molnár Béla Péter , Hegedüs Kristóf , Soós Tibor , Schulz Stefan , Tröger Armin , Francke Wittko , Szőcs Gábor 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The cypress bark beetle, Phloeosinus aubei Perris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), is of increased concern in the market of scale-leafed conifers (Cupressaceae), across a wide range of its expansion area in Europe. Surprisingly, its pheromonal communication has only scarcely been studied no specific trap-based monitoring system is available for detection of the adults flight. In order to reveal the pheromonal communication channel, hindgut extracts of unmated females were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to an electroantennographic detector (GC-EAD), using male antennae. Structure elucidation of antennally active components were performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Synthetic samples of identified components were tested separately by EAG. Attraction to selected mixtures were compared by a 4-arm olfactometer, followed by field trapping tests. α-Pinene and myrtenol, as antennaly active components were identified from gut extracts. Each of these compounds, as well as their mixture attracted both males and females in significant numbers, in olfactometer tests. A 5:1 mixture of these compounds caught significantly more adults (both males and females), than unbaited control, in multifunnel traps. Preliminary experiences of stimulating pheromone production by injecting juvenile hormone (JHIII), and possible involvement of acoustic communication are discussed.
Manipulating Free Will Beliefs using online video games
Authors: Tavernier Nel , Wisniewski David , Brass Marcel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Research in social psychology and experimental philosophy has investigated lay people’s free will beliefs (FWB). Using different approaches (i.e. experimental manipulations and vignette studies), they investigated how FWB relate to other concepts, and whether changing FWB has an impact on downstream processes such as social behavior. However, both approaches have shortcomings. While experimental manipulations used in social psychology suffer from demand effects, vignettes used in experimental philosophy are often highly abstract. Across two pre-registered studies, we developed a new approach by merging them in an online video game setting. Using this novel, experience-based FWB manipulation, we found that decreasing FWB impacted variables such as perceived control and responsibility in both studies. While the experience-based manipulation influenced participants’ belief in free will within the context of the experience (“Within the context of the scenario, would the agent believe in free will?”) in the first study, this manipulation effect did not transfer to participants’ general FWB (“Do you believe in free will?”) in the second study. Overall, our findings suggest a way forward in studying laypeople’s belief in free will.