bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Core Bacterial Microbiome of Banana (Musa spp.)
Authors: Birt Henry W. G. , Pattison Anthony B. , Skarshewski Adam , Daniells Jeff , Raghavendra Anil , Dennis Paul G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundBananas (Musa spp.) are a globally significant crop and are severely afflicted by diseases for which there are no effective chemical controls. Banana microbiomes may provide novel solutions to these constraints but are difficult to manage due to their high diversity and variability between locations. Hence ‘common core’ taxa, which are a subset of the microbiome that frequent all, or most, individuals of a host species, represent logical targets for the development of microbiome management approaches. ResultsTo identify the common core bacterial microbiome of banana, we first performed a pot experiment to characterise the effects of two factors that are likely to differ between farms (viz. edaphic conditions and host genotype) on bacterial diversity in bulk soil and seven plant compartments. As diversity was found to differ between plant compartments and soils, but not genotypes, we identified populations that were frequent across most plants irrespective of the soil in which they were grown. Shortlisted ‘candidates’ were then refined according to whether they were also frequent in a survey of 52 field-grown Musa spp. This led to the selection of 36 ‘common core’ bacteria, that represented 65-95% of the dominant taxa in field-grown plants and were identified as highly interconnected ‘hubs’ using networks – a characteristic shown to be indicative of microbes that influence host fitness in studies of other plants. Lastly, by comparing the sequences of our core taxa with those reported in 22 previous studies, we demonstrated that they are closely related to banana-associated bacteria observed on five other continents. ConclusionsOur study provides a robust list of common core bacterial taxa for Musa spp. Further research may now focus on how changes in the frequencies and activities of these most persistent taxa influence host fitness. Notably, for several of our core taxa highly similar populations have already been isolated in previous studies and may be amenable to such experimentation. This contribution should help to accelerate the development of effective Musa spp. microbiome management practices.
A cross sectional study on the prevalence of MDR Staphylococci and E. coli from livestock in Karnataka, India
Authors: MURUGESAN DEVI , Tewari Rituparna , Ojha Rakshit , Mendem Suresh Kumar , Das Lekshmi J , Venugopal Nimita , Rajangam Sridevi , Chanda Mohammed Mudassar , Nayakvadi Shivasharanappa , Shome Rajeswari , Shome Bibek Ranjan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In India, despite extensive studies on multi drug resistant bacterial pathogens in humans and animals, there is a wide gap in systematic surveillance in farming animals to have a clear vision on the prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). In this cross-sectional study, a total of 236 samples from livestock (cattle = 128), poultry = 45), swine = 2) and small ruminants = 61)) were collected during 2019-20 from Chikkaballapur district, Karnataka to identify and characterize multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens particularly Staphylococcus spp. and E. coli. The phenotypically identified isolates were confirmed by molecular screening, further antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disc diffusion, broth microdilution and confirmatory tests (combined disc diffusion method). Resistant gene markers mecA and mecC genes were targeted in Staphylococcus spp. and extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL), AmpC type beta lactamase and carbapenem genes in E. coli isolates and screened by PCR. A total of 225 isolates recovered, 88% were Staphylococcus spp. and 47.5% were E. coli isolates. Overall prevalence of Multiple Drug resistance (MDR) was 20.35% and 35.71% in Staphylococcus spp. and E. coli, respectively. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus was found in 12% of Staphylococci and 9% of E. coli isolates which carried ESBL/AmpC/New Delhi metallo β-lactamase (NDM) genes. This study provides an insight into the prevalence of AMR in Staphylococci and E. coli and their transmission potential to humans through food chain.
Greater hypothalamic microglial activation with aging in women as compared to men: potential relevance to sex and species differences in reproductive and biologic aging.
Authors: Butler Tracy , Glodzik Lidia , Wang Xiuyuan Hugh , Xi Ke , Li Yi , Pan Hong , Zhou Liangdong , Chiang Gloria , Morim Simon , Wickramasuriya Nimmi , Tanzi Emily , Maloney Thomas , Harvey Patrick , Mao Xiangling , Razlighi Ray Qolamreza , Rusinek Henry , Shungu Dikoma , de Leon Mony , Atwood Craig S. , Mozley P. David 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In rodents, hypothalamic inflammation plays a critical role in aging and age-related diseases. We used Positron Emission Tomography with a radiotracer sensitive to the TSPO molecule expressed by activated microglia to assess, for the first time, human hypothalamic inflammation. We found that women but not men showed age-correlated hypothalamic TSPO expression, and suggest this is relevant to understanding a stark sex difference in human aging, namely, that only women undergo menopause.
Oligonucleotide analogues with locked-amide linkages have therapeutic potential
Authors: Baker Ysobel , Thorpe Cameron , Chen Jinfeng , Poller Laura , Cox Lina , Kumar Pawan , Lim Wooi Fang , Lie Lillian , McClorey Graham , Epple Sven , Singleton Daniel , McDonough Michael , Hardwick Jack , Christensen Kirsten , Wood Matthew , Hall James , El-Sagheer Afaf , Brown Tom 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Oligonucleotides that target mRNA have great promise as therapeutic agents for life-threatening conditions but suffer from poor bioavailability, hence high cost. As currently untreatable diseases come within the reach of oligonucleotide therapies, new analogues are urgently needed to address this. With this in mind we have developed reduced-charge oligonucleotides containing artificial LNA-amide linkages with improved gymnotic cell uptake, RNA affinity, stability and potency. To construct such oligonucleotides, five LNA-amide monomers (A, T, C, 5mC and G), where the 3´-OH is replaced by an ethanoic acid group, were synthesised in good yield and used in solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis to form amide linkages with high efficiency. The artificial backbone causes minimal structural deviation to the DNA:RNA duplex. These studies indicate that splice-switching oligonucleotides containing LNA-amide linkages and phosphorothioates display improved activity relative to oligonucleotides lacking amides, highlighting the therapeutic potential of this technology.
Evaluation of Radiological and Clinical Findings in Recurrence of Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Akyüz Mehmet Emin , Kadıoğlu Hakan Hadi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Chronic subdural hematoma (CSH) is one of the most encountered types of intracranial hemorrhage in elderly patients. However reoperation rates are still high, therefore predicting of risk factors for recurrence is essential. In the current study, we aim to identify as many clinical and radiological factors as possible that can predict to the recurrence of CSH.A retrospective review of 291 CSH patients admitted to our department was performed. Clinical and radiological factors predictive for CSH recurrence were identified on univariable analyses at first, and variables with a p-value of <0.05 were entered into the multivariate logistic regression analyses.Univariate analyses revealed that preoperative midline shift (p=0.025), mix-density hematoma (p=0.023), internal architecture of hematoma (p=0.044), membranectomy (p=0.001), and ambient cistern compression (p=0.001) correlated with a significantly higher rate of recurrence. Multivariate analyses showed that seperated architecture, membranectomy and ambient cistern compression were independent risk factors for CSH recurrence. Among many factors, membranectomy, seperated architecture and ambients cistern compression were the strongest predictors for recurrence.
Seeing Radiology Curricula Through Turkish Medical Students’ Eyes: A Survey of Turkish Medical Schools’ Radiology Education
Authors: Ayas Görkem , Altinmakas Emre , Rohren Scott A. , Dogan Hakan , Dogru Omer F. , Koselerli Emir Y. , Turksanli Orkun , Efe Ege Ö. , Badawy Mohamed , Kamel Serageldin , Patel Parth , Elsayes Khaled M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Radiology education is essential for non-radiologist specialists and practitioners as well as for radiologists. We conducted a survey to gather the opinions of Turkish medical students regarding their radiology curricula, radiology education content, and perceptions of various imaging modalities and to assess the amount, adequacy, and homogeneity of radiology education in various schools. METHODS: Turkish medical students were reached by student ambassadors from 10 different schools of medicine via social media and email. They were provided with a 20-question survey -- via the SurveyMonkey platform -- related to their radiology curriculum and their perceptions of the radiology education at their schools and of different imaging modalities. Subjective parameters were scaled by a 4-point Likert scale and the results are reported by percentages of students. RESULTS: A total of 988 medical students (F/M: 61%/39%) from 41 different medical schools participated in this survey. Of those, 57% were preclinical students (≤3rd year of medical school), while 43% were clinical students (>3rd year). More than half of the students (51%) stated that the amount of radiology education included in their curriculum was too little, while 44% of them stated it was just right and only 5% stated it was too much. Only 31% of the participants stated that they were able to review radiology images on their own. When asked about their level of confidence for identifying the position of lines and tubes, pneumonia, pneumothorax, and pleural effusion on chest radiographs, 41%, 39%, 41%, and 41% of the participants, respectively, stated that they were not confident. Thirty-five percent of the participants had not received any training in comparing normal to abnormal imaging of bone fractures, pneumonia, pleural effusion, subdural hemorrhage, or pneumothorax. The majority of the Turkish medical students in this survey had never heard (57%) nor used (64%) the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria. CONCLUSIONS: The radiology curriculum in Turkey differs among various schools and most students stated that preclinical radiology course content was inadequate. Further studies and improvements must be conducted to provide high-quality, equitable radiology education that begins during preclinical training with respect to the students’ opinions.
Gender Stereotypes and the Dynamics of Women Evaluation: a Study of Igbo Anthroponymic Systems
Authors: Ubelejit-Nte Adaku A. , Erondu Chinyere I. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The essentialist belief or perception that females are less valuable or are not worth as much as males and practices that mandate this behaviour portray age-long and ideological underpinnings that drive gender discrimination. The aim of this article is to examine how unwritten rules of society and constrained expectations about women influence some derogatory names given to female children and their cultural reconstructions over time given a positive life outcome. The study adopts Ernestine Friedl’s Social theory of gender and the Status Characteristic theory to challenge the perception that women are less valuable and explore ways in which normative expectations, male dominance and economic realities affect the values assigned to women in each culture. This is critical social research that investigated the semantic contents of some derogatory female Igbo names and their cultural reconstructions as changes in social context raised the cultural worth of those females in their life trajectories. It employed the ethnographic method of study with narratives, participant observation and informal interview methodology for collection of qualitative data. The paper analyses the gender-based values, ideologies and norms that mandate women devaluation and other relationships that have placed women in a subordinate status. It offers an emic understanding of a process of change that transforms negative attitudes toward women indicated by the new names given to them. The study recommends a cultural reorientation as a means to ‘break the bias’ and end all forms of discrimination against girls.
Stereodivergent Synthesis of Chiral Succinimides via Rh-Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Wang Fangyuan , Zhang Zongpeng , Chen Yu , Ratovelomanana-Vidal Virginie , Yu Peiyuan , Chen Gen-Qiang , Zhang Xumu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Chiral succinimide moieties are ubiquitous in biologically active natural products and pharmaceuticals. Until today, despite the great interest, little success has been made for stereodivergent synthesis of chiral succinimides. Herein, we report a general and efficient method for accessing 3,4-disubstituted succinimides through a dynamic kinetic resolution strategy based on asymmetric transfer hydrogenation. The Rh catalyst system exhibited high activities, enantioselectivities and diastereoselectivities (up to 2000 TON, up to > 99% ee and up to > 99:1 dr). Products with syn- and anti-configuration were obtained separately with excellent enantioselectivities and diastereoselectivities by control of the reaction conditions. For the N-unprotected substrates, both the enol and the imide group can be reduced by control of reaction time and catalyst loading. In addition, the detailed reaction pathway and origin of stereoselectivity were elucidated by control experiments and DFT calculations. This study offers a straightforward and stereodivergent approach to the valuable enantioenriched succinimides (all 4 stereoisomers) from cheap chemical feedstocks in a single reaction step.
Extensive chemometric analysis exploring the acid-base equilibrium and self-association of unsymmetrical bisacridines reveals characteristics possibly relevant for their anticancer activity
Authors: Kosno Michał , Laskowski Tomasz , Frackowiak Joanna E. , Potęga Agnieszka , Kurdyn Agnieszka , Andrałojć Witold , Borzyszkowska-Bukowska Julia , Szwarc-Karabyka Katarzyna , Mazerska Zofia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Unsymmetrical bisacridines (UAs), which represent a novel group of anticancer agents, were previously synthesized by our group. Our recent studies have shown high antitumor potential of UAs against multiple cancer cell lines and human tumor xenografts in nude mice. At the cellular level, they affected 3D cancer spheroid growth and their cellular uptake was selectively modulated by quantum dots. It was also demonstrated that UAs undergo metabolic transformations in vitro and in tumor cells. However, physicochemical properties responsible for the complex behaviour of UAs in aqueous solutions remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated UA properties in various concentrations and pH conditions for determination of pKa dissociation constants and exchangeable protons. This was achieved by detailed and complex chemometric analysis of UV-Vis spectra, further validated with NMR spectroscopy, and by interpretation of TOCSY and ROESY 2D NMR spectra. Moreover, principal component analysis of UV-Vis spectra allowed to assess the aggregation potential of the studied compounds. The obtained results indicate that general molecular properties of UAs in aqueous media, including their protonation state, self-association ratio and solubility, are strongly pH-dependent. In conclusion, we describe the detailed physicochemical characteristics of UAs, which contribute to the relevance of these potent drugs.
Study on the coupling effect of fuel physicochemical characteristic and intake pressure on HC emission
Authors: Wu XueShun , Li Zhiwen , Wang Lenian , Chu Yunlu , Xia Qi , Han Zhiqiang , Yan Yan , Wu Yi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The coupling impacts between intake pressure and fuel physicochemical properties on hydrocarbon (HC) emission were studied through testing a modified single-cylinder compression ignition engine at the intake pressures of 120 kPa, 150 kPa and 180 kPa, fueled with pure diesel (B00), n-butanol-diesel blends with the blend ratio of 20% n-butanol-80% diesel by mass (B20) and B20 + EHN (adding 0.7% mass fraction 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (EHN) into B20) respectively. The results showed that: when ignition delay period is basically the same, the difference in HC emission between B00 and B20 + EHN fuel is relatively small. In the meantime, critical points of intake oxygen concentration appeared under all intake pressures. When the intake oxygen concentration was lower than the critical point, the difference in in-cylinder combustion temperature caused by the difference in cetane number would amplify HC emission difference. At the intake pressures of 120 kPa, 150 kPa and 180 kPa, the critical point value of intake oxygen concentrations were 16%, 15% and 13% respectively.
Designing and fabricating an unprecedented wide temperature range of novel elastomer: simulation and experiment
Authors: Hou Guanyi , Hao Yingxue , Jiang Ruifeng , Li Sai , Lu Yonglai , Liu Jun , Zhang Liqun , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The rapidly developing aerospace industry has a severe requirement for rubber components utilized for spacecraft, especially the resistance to extreme temperature difference because of the complex space environment. However, it is difficult to increase the service temperature range of the existing elastomeric materials based on the traditional methods. Herein, by introducing a new type of long-side chain siloxane (LCS) that is constituted by (-Si-O-) bond, we design a novel silicone elastomer with unprecedented wide temperature range (-149 ~ 400◦C). Meanwhile, we calculate the glass transition temperature (Tg) via two different methods (specific volume and conformational transition versus temperature), and analyze the segment conformational transition of molecular chains. Based on our results, when m = 4 and ϕ = 5% (m is referred to the amount of LCS, ϕ is referred to the content of LCS), the range of Tg is from − 145 ~ -149 ◦C, which realizes the maximum temperature range. Besides, compared with the traditional elastomer, this novel elastomer does not introduce other heteroatoms. This strategy of a wide temperature range of novel elastomer is anticipated to be applied in the design and fabrication of advanced tech-device used in the various extreme environments.
How to Predict Future Upcoming Harmful Agents: Array Type Meta-Predictor Based Classification
Authors: Kumar Surendra , Kumari Chandni , Ahn Sangjin , Kim Hyoungrae , Kim Mi-hyun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Molecular insights into chemical safety are very important for sustainable development as well as risk assessment. This study considers how to manage future upcoming harmful agents, especially potentially cholinergic chemical warfare agents (CWAs). For this purpose, structures of known cholinergic agents were encoded by molecular descriptors. And then each drug target interaction (DTI) was learned from the encoded structures and their cholinergic activities to build DTI classification models for five cholinergic targets with reliable statistical validation (ensemble-AUC: up to 0.790, MCC: up to 0.991, accuracy: up to 0.995). The collected classifiers were transformed to 2D or 3D array type meta-predictors for multi-tasking: (1) cholinergic prediction and (2) CWA detection. The detection ability of the array classifiers was verified under the imbalanced dataset between CWAs and none CWAs (area under the precision-recall curve: up to 0.997, MCC: up to 0.638, F1-sore of none CWAs: up to 0.991, F1-sore of CWAs: up to 0.585).
A case of Pazopanib-related colon ischemia with perforation
Authors: Chang ChihHsien , Lin Hung-Hsin , Yen Chueh-Chuan , Liang Wen-Yih 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We report a 40-year-old man who was diagnosed with myxoid liposarcoma of left thigh in 2012. Patient received adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation following postoperative tumor control; however, the disease continued to progress. Pazopanib was administered. Eight months later, patient experienced hollow organ perforation with septic shock, so emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed. During the operation, a 10-cm linear ulcer with a 0.2 × 0.1 cm perforation hole over the middle sigmoid colon was observed. Segmental colonic congestion with ischemic change was noted.Pazopanib is an oral small-molecule multi-kinase inhibitor. According to the results of a phase III clinical trial of pazopanib in patients with soft tissue sarcoma, some uncommon adverse effects were described in the study, but bowel perforation was not noted. However, pazopanib is also used for renal cell carcinoma with metastasis. This indication of a phase III clinical trial has listed gastrointestinal (GI) perforation or fistula as an adverse effect. Considering the complication of colon ischemia, similar to that with other vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors, we emphasize the risk of colon perforation under long-term use of pazopanib.
Association of A Novel ADS Score and Overall Survival in Patients with Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Chu Liang-Zhao , Yang Hua , Zhao Ze-Jing , Li Jia-Xi , Peng Han , Liu Yan-Hui , Zhou Xing-Wang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of derived neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), albumin-fibrinogen ratio (AFR) and albumin-AFR-dNLR score (ADS) on the prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients.Patients and Methods: The clinical data of 142 GBM patients were retrospectively analyzed. Survival analyses were performed to assess the predictive role of ADS in GBM patients.Results: There were 142 patients enrolled in the present study. Among these patients, 58 were female, and 84 were male. The mean age at diagnosis was 55±13.78 years. The mean fibrinogen, albumin, AFR, and dNLR were 2.95±0.93g/L, 42.48±3.78g/L, 15.84±5.14 and 3.09±3.90, respectively. Fifty patients had ADS of 0, 53 had ADS of 1, 27 had ADS of 2 and 12 had ADS of 3. In univariate analysis, patients age≥60 years (HR: 1.912;95%CI:1.217-2.878, p=0.002), albumin ≥41.7g/L(HR: 0.614; 95%CI: 0.417-0.905, p=0.014), AFR ≥13.9(HR: 0.649; 95%CI:0.440-0.958, p=0.029), dNLR ≥3.3(HR: 1.609;95%CI:1.024-2.529, p=0.039), ADS<1(HR: 0.378;95%CI:0.241-0.592), p<0.001 ), KPS<80(HR:1.826,95%CI:1.218-2.738,p=0.004), chemotherapy(HR: 0.455;95%CI:0.304-0.682, p<0.001) and gross total resection(HR: 0.380;95%CI:0.257-0.564, p<0.001) were correlated with the prognosis of GBM patients. In multivariate analysis (Table 5), AFR ≥13.9(HR:0.614; 95%CI:0.336-0.828), dNLR≥3.3(HR: 1.923; 95%CI: 1.115-3.316) and ADS<1(HR:0.301;95%CI:0.153-0.592) were associated with overall survival of GBM patients(all p<0.05). Furthermore, ADS, as continuous variable in multivariate analyses, maintained statistical significance after adjusted by confounding factors.Conclusion: ADS, AFR, and dNLR are independent prognostic factors in patients with GBM.