bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building organizational resilience with digital transformation
Authors: He Zeya , Huang Huiling , Choi Hyeyoon , Bilgihan Anil 
Published: January 2022

Purpose Uncertain times [e.g. coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)] require service businesses to respond in creative, flexible and resilient ways. This paper aims to develop and test the theoretical relationship between digital transformation and organizational resilience (OR), and the consequences of OR on organizations and employees during turbulent times.Design/methodology/approach A scale development was first conducted with an expert panel. Later, 474 participants who work as employees in small and medium-sized service enterprises were recruited for structural equation modeling (SEM). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and path analysis were conducted to test the relationship between dimensions of digital maturity, dimensions of OR and two consequential variables: organizational performance and employees’ state optimism.Findings Strategic technology investment helps organizations to develop systematic control sustain operations in crises but may not directly contribute to employees’ capabilities of accurately understanding external turmoil, actively seeking available resources and rapidly developing adaptive solutions. Transformation management intensity equips an organization with transformative vision, governance and culture, and such transformative built-in leadership enables the organization to embrace employees with talents and innovativeness and help employees grow their capabilities when facing crises. The dimensions of OR have different influences on the organization and employees.Originality/value This research develops and tests the dimensions and measurement items of OR for the services domain and empirically tested how the dimensions of digital maturity influence the dimensions of OR, and how OR influences the organization’s performance and employees’ state optimism.
The functional differences between paralogous regulators define the control of the general stress response in Sphingopyxis granuli  TFA
Authors: de Dios Rubén , Santero Eduardo , Reyes‐Ramírez Francisca 
Published: January 2022

SummarySphingopyxis granuli TFA is a contaminant degrading alphaproteobacterium that responds to adverse conditions by inducing the general stress response (GSR), an adaptive response that controls the transcription of a variety of genes to overcome adverse conditions. The core GSR regulators (the response regulator PhyR, the anti‐σ factor NepR and the σ factor EcfG) are duplicated in TFA, being PhyR1 and PhyR2, NepR1 and NepR2 and EcfG1 and EcfG2. Based on multiple genetic, phenotypical and biochemical evidences including in vitro transcription assays, we have assigned distinct functional features to each paralogue and assessed their contribution to the GSR regulation, dictating its timing and the intensity. We show that different stress signals are differentially integrated into the GSR by PhyR1 and PhyR2, therefore producing different levels of GSR activation. We demonstrate in vitro that both NepR1 and NepR2 bind EcfG1 and EcfG2, although NepR1 produces a more stable interaction than NepR2. Conversely, NepR2 interacts with phosphorylated PhyR1 and PhyR2 more efficiently than NepR1. We propose an integrative model where NepR2 would play a dual negative role: it would directly inhibit the σ factors upon activation of the GSR and it would modulate the GSR activity indirectly by titrating the PhyR regulators.
Fluid dynamics and cell‐bound Psl polysaccharide allows microplastic capture, aggregation and subsequent sedimentation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water
Authors: Romero Manuel , Carabelli Alessandro , R. Swift Michael , I. Smith Michael 
Published: January 2022

SummaryDecades after incorporating plastics into consumer markets, research shows that these polymers have spread worldwide. Fragmentation of large debris leads to smaller particles, collectively called microplastics (MPs), which have become ubiquitous in aquatic environments. A fundamental aspect of understanding the implications of MP contamination on ecosystems is resolving the complex interactions of these artificial substrates with microbial cells. Using polystyrene microparticles as model polymers, we conducted an exploratory study where these interactions are quantitatively analyzed using an in vitro system consisting of single‐bacterial species capturing and aggregating MPs in water. Here we show that the production of Psl exopolysaccharide by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) does not alter MPs colloidal stability but plays a key role in microspheres adhesion to the cell surface. Further aggregation of MPs by PA cells depends on bacterial mobility and the presence of sufficient flow to prevent rapid sedimentation of early MP‐PA assembles. Surprisingly, cells in MP‐PA aggregates are not in a sessile state despite the production of Psl, enhancing the motility of the aggregates by an order of magnitude relative to passive diffusion. The generated data could inform the creation of predictive models that accurately describe the dynamics and influence of bacterial growth on plastics debris.
Sagittal crest morphology decoupled from relative bite performance in Pleistocene tapirs (Perissodactyla: Tapiridae)
Authors: VAN LINDEN Lisa , STOOPS Kim , DUMBÁ Larissa C. C. S. , COZZUOL Mario A. , MACLAREN Jamie A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBite force is often associated with specific morphological features, such as sagittal crests. The presence of a pronounced sagittal crest in some tapirs (Perissodactyla: Tapiridae) was recently shown to be negatively correlated with hard‐object feeding, in contrast with similar cranial structures in carnivorans. The aim of this study was to investigate bite forces and sagittal crest heights across a wide range of modern and extinct tapirs and apply a comparative investigation to establish whether these features are correlated across a broad phylogenetic scope. We examined a sample of 71 specimens representing 15 tapir species (5 extant, 10 extinct) using the dry‐skull method, linear measurements of cranial features, phylogenetic reconstruction, and comparative analyses. Tapirs were found to exhibit variation in bite force and sagittal crest height across their phylogeny and between different biogeographical realms, with high‐crested morphologies occurring mostly in Neotropical species. The highest bite forces within tapirs appear to be driven by estimates for the masseter–pterygoid muscle complex, rather than predicted forces for the temporalis muscle. Our results demonstrate that relative sagittal crest height is poorly correlated with relative cranial bite force, suggesting high force application is not a driver for pronounced sagittal crests in this sample. The divergent biomechanical capabilities of different contemporaneous tapirids may have allowed multiple species to occupy overlapping territories and partition resources to avoid excess competition. Bite forces in tapirs peak in Pleistocene species, independent of body size, suggesting possible dietary shifts as a potential result of climatic changes during this epoch.
Moving beyond basic emotions in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Coundouris Sarah P. , Henry Julie D. , Lehn Alexander C. 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveEmotion recognition is a fundamental neurocognitive capacity that is a critical predictor of interpersonal function and, in turn, mental health. Although people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) often exhibit difficulties recognizing emotions, almost all studies to date have focused on basic emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear, and disgust), with little consideration of how more cognitively complex self‐conscious emotions such as contempt, embarrassment, and pride might also be affected. Further, the few studies that have considered self‐conscious emotions have relied on high intensity, static stimuli. The aim of the present study was to therefore provide the first examination of how self‐conscious emotion recognition is affected by PD using a dynamic, dual‐intensity measure that more closely captures how emotion recognition judgements are made in daily life.MethodPeople with PD (n = 42) and neurotypical controls (n = 42) completed a validated measure of self‐conscious facial emotion recognition. For comparative purposes, in addition to a broader clinical test battery, both groups also completed a traditional static emotion recognition measure and a measure of self‐conscious emotional experience.ResultsRelative to controls, the PD group did not differ in their capacity to recognize basic emotions but were impaired in their recognition of self‐conscious emotions. These difficulties were associated with elevated negative affect and poorer subjective well‐being.ConclusionsDifficulties recognizing self‐conscious emotions may be more problematic for people with PD than difficulties recognizing basic ones, with implications for interventions focused on helping people with this disorder develop and maintain strong social networks.Practitioner points

This is the first direct investigation into how the recognition of self‐conscious emotion is affected in Parkinson’s disease using dynamic, dual‐intensity stimuli, thus providing an important extension to prior literature that has focused solely on basic emotion recognition and/or relied on static, high‐intensity stimuli.

Results revealed preserved basic facial emotional recognition coexisting with impairment in all three self‐conscious emotions assessed, therefore suggesting that the latter stimuli type may function as a more sensitive indicator of Parkinson’s disease‐related social cognitive impairment.

Problems with self‐conscious emotion recognition in people with Parkinson's disease were associated with poorer broader subjective well‐being and increased negative affect. This aligns with the broader literature linking interpersonal difficulties with poorer clinical outcomes in this cohort
Mechanism of anti‐inflammatory effects of rifampicin in an ex vivo culture system of hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Haferland Isabel , Wallenwein Chantal M. , Ickelsheimer Tanja , Diehl Sandra , Wacker Matthias G. , Schiffmann Susanne , Buerger Claudia , Kaufmann Roland , Koenig Anke , Pinter Andreas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of the hair follicles leading to painful lesions, associated with increased levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Numerous guidelines recommend antibiotics like clindamycin and rifampicin in combination, as first‐line systemic therapy in moderate‐to‐severe forms of inflammation. HS has been proposed to be mainly an auto‐inflammatory disease associated with but not initially provoked by bacteria. Therefore, it has to be assumed that the pro‐inflammatory milieu previously observed in HS skin is not solely dampened by the bacteriostatic inhibition of DNA‐dependent RNA polymerase. To further clarify the mechanism of anti‐inflammatory effects of rifampicin, ex vivo explants of lesional HS from 8 HS patients were treated with rifampicin, and its effect on cytokine production, immune cells as well as the expression of Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) were investigated. Analysis of cell culture medium of rifampicin‐treated HS explants revealed an anti‐inflammatory effect of rifampicin that significantly inhibiting interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α production. Immunohistochemistry of the rifampicin‐treated explants suggested a tendency for it to reduce the expression of TLR2 while not affecting the number of immune cells.
Large quantities of small microplastics permeate the surface ocean to abyssal depths in the South Atlantic Gyre
Authors: Zhao Shiye , Zettler Erik R. , Bos Ryan P. , Lin Peigen , Amaral‐Zettler Linda A. , Mincer Tracy J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHundreds of studies have surveyed plastic debris in surface ocean gyre and convergence zones, however, comprehensive microplastics (MPs, ≤5 mm) assessments beneath these surface accumulation areas are lacking. Using in situ high‐volume filtration, Manta net and MultiNet sampling, combined with micro‐Fourier‐transform‐infrared imaging, we discovered a high abundance (up to 244.3 pieces per cubic meter [n m−3]) of small microplastics (SMPs, characteristically <100 μm) from the surface to near‐sea floor waters of the remote South Atlantic Subtropical Gyre. Large horizontal and vertical variations in the abundances of SMP were observed, displaying inverse vertical trends in some cases. SMP abundances in pump samples were more than two orders of magnitude higher than large microplastics (LMPs, >300 μm) concurrently collected in MultiNet samples. Higher‐density polymers (e.g., alkyd resins and polyamide) comprised >65% of the total pump sample count, highlighting a discrepancy between polymer compositions from previous ocean surface‐based surveys, typically dominated by buoyant polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene. Contrary to previous reports stating LMP preferentially accumulated at density gradients, SMP with presumably slower sinking rates are much less influenced by density gradients, thus resulting in a more even vertical distribution in the water column, and potentially longer residence times. Overall, our findings suggest that SMP is a critical and largely underexplored constituent of the oceanic plastic inventory. Additionally, our data support that weak current systems contribute to the formation of SMP hotspots at depth, implying a higher encounter rate for subsurface particle feeders. Our study unveils the prevalence of plastics in the entire water column, highlighting the urgency for more quantification of the deep‐ocean MP, particularly the smaller size fraction, to better understand ecosystem exposure and to predict MP fate and impacts.
Microbial mediators of plant community response to long‐term N and P fertilization: Evidence of a role of plant responsiveness to mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Wang Guangzhou , Koziol Liz , Foster Bryan L. , Bever James D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractClimate changes and anthropogenic nutrient enrichment widely threaten plant diversity and ecosystem functions. Understanding the mechanisms governing plant species turnover across nutrient gradients is crucial to developing successful management and restoration strategies. We tested whether and how soil microbes, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), could mediate plant community response to a 15 years long‐term N (0, 4, 8, and 16 g N m−2 year−1) and P (0 and 8 g N m−2 year−1) enrichment in a grassland system. We found N and P enrichment resulted in plant community diversity decrease and composition change, in which perennial C4 graminoids were dramatically reduced while annuals and perennial forbs increased. Metabarcoding analysis of soil fungal community showed that N and P changed fungal diversity and composition, of which only a cluster of AMF identified by the co‐occurrence networks analysis was highly sensitive to P treatments and was negatively correlated with shifts in percentage cover of perennial C4 graminoids. Moreover, by estimating the mycorrhizal responsiveness (MR) of 41 plant species in the field experiment from 264 independent tests, we found that the community weighted mean MR of the plant community was substantially reduced with nutrient enrichment and was positively correlated with C4 graminoids percentage cover. Both analyses of covariance and structural equation modeling indicated that the shift in MR rather than AMF composition change was the primary predictor of the decline in perennial C4 graminoids, suggesting that the energy cost invested by C4 plants on those sensitive AMF might drive the inferior competitive abilities compared with other groups. Our results suggest that shifts in the competitive ability of mycorrhizal responsive plants can drive plant community change to anthropogenic eutrophication, suggesting a functional benefit of mycorrhizal mutualism in ecological restoration following climatic or anthropogenic degradation of soil communities.
Effects of a collaborative AR‐enhanced learning environment on learning gains and technology implementation beliefs: Evidence from a graduate teacher training course
Authors: Nikimaleki Mitra , Rahimi Mehrak 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe unimaginable power of emerging technologies has transformed education in terms of content creation and instructional design. Due to high value of AR/VR in education, teachers of the 21st century are expected to empower themselves professionally to be able to utilize these technologies in their instructional practices. Despite detailed examination of teachers' readiness for using AR in terms of perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs, very few studies have incorporated AR in teaching theoretical courses of graduate teacher education programs by utilizing constructivist pedagogical strategies.ObjectivesThe current study investigated the impact of a collaborative AR‐enhanced learning environment on learning gains and technology implementation beliefs in a graduate teacher training course.MethodsThirty‐one in‐service teachers participated in the study as the experimental (n=15) and control (n=16) groups. An AR app was developed for teaching 20 key concepts of the course Language Curriculum Design. The experimental group was instructed to work collaboratively with the app to learn the content, while the control group learned the concepts using the app in a lecture‐based class. Learning gains were assessed by midterm and final exams and a term project.Results and ConclusionsThe results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group in learning the content and completing the project; and they had more positive technology implementation beliefs at the end of the experiment. Also, the participants were found to have positive attitudes towards the educational and pedagogical values of AR; and if the curricular and situational constraints are removed, they are highly motivated to use AR in their classes.ImplicationsThe findings demonstrated the feasibility of incorporating AR technology into teaching abstract concepts in Art and humanities disciplines; and how teacher educators can benefit from integrating a collaborative approach with AR technology to teach advanced courses.
Creation and validation of a photonumeric scale for assessment of lip fullness
Authors: Trevidic Patrick , Carey Wayne , Benedetto Anthony V. , Joseph John H. , Eaton Laura , Antunes Stéphanie , Maffert Pauline 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundValidated, objective clinical scales are needed to assess aesthetic improvement of the lips after augmentation with dermal fillers.ObjectiveTo develop a lip fullness rating scale and establish its reliability for grading subjects in clinical trials or routine practice, and sensitivity for detecting clinically meaningful changes.MethodsThe Teoxane Lip Fullness Scale (TLFS), a proprietary, 5‐grade photonumeric scale, was developed by clinical experts based on real subject photographs and was validated through both photographic and live subjects' evaluation.ResultsClinician intra‐ and inter‐rater agreement for the TLFS was substantial to almost perfect. Mean intra‐rater weighted Kappa score between the two rounds of photographic validation was 0.92, and inter‐rater agreement was substantial with an ICC of 0.93 for the combined rounds. Average intra‐rater weighted Kappa score and inter‐rater ICC for the live validation were equally high, reaching 0.91 and 0.89 respectively. Additionally, evaluators identified clinically significant differences between photographs of subjects presenting a 1‐grade or 2‐grade difference on the scale in 90% and 98% of cases, respectively.ConclusionsThe intra‐rater Kappa scores and inter‐rater ICC met their pre‐determined acceptance criteria of >0.70 in the photographic and live validation. The TLFS was shown to be a repeatable and reproducible Clinician Reported Outcome (Clin‐RO) for healthcare providers to classify lip fullness both in clinical trials and in routine patient care. A 1‐grade difference on the TLFS can detect a clinically meaningful difference in lip fullness.
Deep sedation predicts pressure injury in patients admitted to intensive care units
Authors: Sasabe Yayoi , Niitani Mayumi , Teramoto Chie , Yamaga Satoshi , Shime Nobuaki , Tanabe Kazuaki , Kataoka Tsuyoshi , Sawatari Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients in intensive care units (ICU) are frequently prescribed sedatives, which might increase the risk for pressure injury (PI). Although the association between sedation and incidence of PI has been noted, the adequate sedation level to prevent the incidence of PI in patients admitted to ICU is still unclear.AimThis study aimed to investigate the association between fluctuating sedation levels and the incidence of PI in patients admitted to ICU.Study DesignWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 104 patients admitted to ICU. Data regarding the length of ICU stay (LOS) and comorbid infection were abstracted from medical records. The Richmond Agitation‐Sedation Scale (RASS) was scored twice per day, and the standardized RASS (S‐RASS, summation of RASS values divided by the number of samples) was used to evaluate changes in sedation levels.ResultsAmong the 104 included patients, 65 patients (62.5%) were male (median age: 68.0 years), and 13 patients (12.5%) had PI during ICU admission. S‐RASS scores were lower in patients with PI than in those without PI (P = .0001) even after adjustment for confounders (OR [95%CI]: 0.14 [0.03–0.58], P = .006). The LOS and infections were higher in patients with PI than in those without PI (P < .0001 and P = .005, respectively). The cut‐off value of S‐RASS for PI incidence was −3.2 (sensitivity: 88%; specificity: 85%), and a significant predictor of PI incidence (HR [95%CI]: 20.07 [2.53–159.11], P = .005).ConclusionsDeeper sedation levels based on S‐RASS scores, which account for the effects of fluctuating sedation levels, were a strong, highly accurate predictor of PI incidence in patients admitted to ICU.Relevance to Clinical PracticeAssessing fluctuations in the level of sedation using the S‐RASS might help to identify sedative‐induced PI in patients admitted to ICU.
SlWRKY35 positively regulates carotenoid biosynthesis by activating the MEP pathway in tomato fruit
Authors: Yuan Yong , Ren Siyan , Liu Xiaofeng , Su Liyang , Wu Yu , Zhang Wen , Li Yan , Jiang Yidan , Wang Hsihua , Fu Rao , Bouzayen Mondher , Liu Mingchun , Zhang Yang 
Published: January 2022

Summary

Carotenoids are vital phytonutrients widely recognised for their health benefits. Therefore, it is vital to thoroughly investigate the metabolic regulatory network underlying carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation to open new leads towards improving their contents in vegetables and crops.

The outcome of our study defines SlWRKY35 as a positive regulator of carotenoid biosynthesis in tomato. SlWRKY35 can directly activate the expression of the 1‐deoxy‐d‐xylulose 5‐phosphate synthase (SlDXS1) gene to reprogramme metabolism towards the 2‐C‐methyl‐d‐erythritol 4‐phosphate (MEP) pathway, leading to enhanced carotenoid accumulation. We also show that the master regulator SlRIN directly regulates the expression of SlWRKY35 during tomato fruit ripening.

Compared with the SlLCYE overexpression lines, coexpression of SlWRKY35 and SlLCYE can further enhance lutein production in transgenic tomato fruit, indicating that SlWRKY35 represents a potential target towards designing innovative metabolic engineering strategies for carotenoid derivatives.

In addition to providing new insights into the metabolic regulatory network associated with tomato fruit ripening, our data define a new tool for improving fruit content in specific carotenoid compounds.