bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized, controlled clinical evaluation of two resin cement systems in the adhesion of CAD/CAM‐fabricated resin nanoceramic restorations: 18‐month preliminary results
Authors: Canatan Simge , Oz Fatma Dilsad , Bolay Sukran 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the performance of two different adhesive resin cement systems in the cementation of inlay/onlay restorations produced from resin nanoceramic blocks using the CAD/CAM system.Materials and MethodsA total of 70 inlay/onlay restorations made from Cerasmart (GC, Tokyo, Japan) resin nanoceramic blocks using CEREC Omnicam (Sirona Dental, Bensheim, Germany) were placed in 53 patients. The restorations were cemented with RelyX U200 Automix (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) self‐adhesive resin cement (RXU) after selective enamel etching or with G‐CEM LinkForce (GC, Tokyo, Japan) adhesive resin cement (GCL) in combination with a universal adhesive (G‐Premio Bond) in selective etch mode. At baseline and after 6, 12, and 18 months, restorations were examined by two calibrated clinicians according to modified USPHS criteria. The data were analyzed using Chi‐square (χ2) test and Friedman test (p < 0.05).ResultsAfter 18 months, two teeth at RXU group were endodontically treated due to hypersensitivities. At GCL group, three restorations were lost due to debondings (2) and ceramic fracture (1). The survival rates of RXU (94.3%) and GCL group (91.4%) exhibited no statistically significant difference (p = 0.661). No significant differences were detected for surface texture, secondary caries, anatomic form, color match, marginal discoloration, marginal integrity, interproximal contacts, and patient satisfaction (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe two resin cement systems showed acceptable clinical performance for the cementation of resin nanoceramic CEREC Omnicam inlay/onlay restorations.Clinical SignificanceResin nanoceramic restorations fabricated using CEREC Omnicam and cemented with either a self‐adhesive or a universal adhesive/resin cement system demonstrated clinically acceptable results for posterior teeth in a single visit.
Supercritical carbon dioxide extrusion of milk protein concentrate and rice flour blend: A new dairy nutrition delivery platform
Authors: Mitra Pranabendu , Zhou Ran , Rizvi Syed S. H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to develop milk protein concentrate (MPC) and rice flour blend ready‐to‐eat extrudates using supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extrusion (SCFX) that have comparable physical characteristics with selected commercial products because the conventional, steam‐based extrusion process is a high‐temperature and high‐shear process that degrades the product quality. Three formulations, in the ratio of 30:66.5, 60:36.5, and 90:6.5 of MPC:rice flour, were blended with 2% emulsifier (dimodan and lecithin) and 1.5% salt. The blended formulations were extruded using a Wenger twin‐screw extruder designed and built for use with supercritical CO2. The mechanical and physical properties of the extrudates were determined and compared with two commercial carbohydrate cereal products. The extrudates were equilibrated to 43%, 23%, and 11% relative humidity (RH) and their stress and stain relationships were quantified. The power law model was used to model the modulus of elasticity of the extrudates with a good fit (R2 = 0.98–0.99). The extrudates and commercial samples were rehydrated until attaining their equilibrium moisture contents and the data were used to model the rehydration kinetics and determine the diffusivity values using Fick's law. The results revealed that MPC (30%–90%) and rice flour (66.5%–6.5%) blend extrudates had physical and mechanical properties that were within the range of commercial samples tested. The overall findings of this study indicated that the physical characteristics of extrudates containing 60% and 90% MPC can be successfully used to produce ready‐to‐eat cereals and high MPC nutribars.
Preliminary mechanism in fetal alloimmune thrombocytopenia associated with anti‐HPA 15b antibodies
Authors: Shao Yuan , Ye Xin , Xu Xiuzhang , Mai Mingqin , Chen Dawei , Liu Jing , Luo Guangping , Wu Jing , Xia Wenjie , Fu Yongshui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveFetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is a bleeding disease that can cause fetal hydrops, a rare but life‐threatening condition in which abnormal amounts of fluid accumulate in one or two areas of the fetus's body. A case of FNAIT with fetal hydrops caused by anti‐HPA‐15b antibodies was involved in this study, as we investigated whether or not anti‐HPA‐15b antibodies can induce endothelial angiogenesis and apoptosis.MethodsThe monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigens assay (MAIPA) was used to identify anti‐HPA‐15b antibodies. The three groups in Tube formation and apoptosis assays were the PBS group, the AB serum IgG group, and the anti‐HPA‐15b serum IgG group, all reacted with HPA‐15bb HUVEC.ResultsThe presence of anti‐HPA‐15b antibodies was found in this case by MAIPA assay. The OD values are 0.33 and 0.21, reacted with HPA‐15bb and HPA‐15ab platelets, respectively (cutoff OD value = 0.2). Quantitative analysis revealed that the length of capillary‐like tube induced by anti‐HPA‐15b antibodies was significantly decreased over that of AB serum IgG (*p = 0.0005), but weaker than when incubated with thrombin (**p = 0.0009). The apoptosis results show a significantly increased number of apoptotic endothelial cells in the anti‐HPA‐15b antibody IgG group when compared with the PBS and AB serum IgG groups (*p < 0.0001, **p < 0.0001). In addition, there is no statistical difference between the PBS and AB serum groups.ConclusionAnti‐HPA‐15b antibodies can inhibit angiogenesis and induce apoptosis. This may associate with hydrops fetalis (HF), or fetal hydrops of FNAIT.
Clinical, histopathological features and efficacy of elimination diet and proton‐pump inhibitor therapy in achieving histological remission in Asian children with eosinophilic gastritis
Authors: Ng Lay Q , Loh Wenyin , Ong Jia X , Merchant Khurshid , Chiou Fang K 
Published: April 2022

AimPaediatric eosinophilic gastritis (EG) is a rare disorder and existing literature on diagnostic criteria and management remains lacking. We aim to describe the clinical spectrum and assess the efficacy of dietary elimination and proton‐pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy, with particular emphasis on histologic remission in children with primary EG.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of patients aged 0–18 years diagnosed with EG at a single centre in Singapore from 2013 to 2021. EG was diagnosed based on histological criteria of infiltration of >30 eosinophils per high‐power film (HPF) in >5 separate HPFs from gastric biopsies, in the absence of other causes. First‐line treatment consisted of PPI therapy and empiric 1–6 food elimination diet (FED). Outcomes measured were clinical, endoscopic and histological remission (defined as eosinophil count <20/HPF in gastric biopsies).ResultsTwenty‐one (66.7% females) patients were included with median age at diagnosis of 15 months (range:3–192). Majority presented with vomiting (76.2%) and gastrointestinal bleeding (71.4%). Twenty patients were initiated on FED+PPI and 16 had post‐treatment biopsies. Clinical, endoscopic and histologic remissions were achieved in 94.7%, 81.3% and 68.8% respectively following FED+PPI. Histologic remission was significantly associated with younger age (9 vs. 132 months; P = 0.026). Four patients who did not respond to FED+PPI were started on oral viscous budesonide, of whom one achieved histological remission and two had clinical improvement.ConclusionsFED+PPI is effective as first‐line treatment in achieving histological remission in paediatric EG particularly in younger patients. Topical corticosteroids can be considered for those who have failed FED+PPI therapy.
Identification of potentially functional circRNAs and prediction of circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA regulatory network in periodontitis: Bridging the gap between bioinformatics and clinical needs
Authors: Yu Weijun , Gu Qisheng , Wu Di , Zhang Weiqi , Li Gang , Lin Lu , Lowe Jared M. , Hu Shucheng , Li Tia Wenjun , Zhou Zhen , Miao Michael Z. , Gong Yuhua , Zhao Yifei , Lu Eryi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePeriodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease that can lead to the irreversible destruction of dental support tissues. As an epigenetic factor, the expression of circRNA is tissue‐dependent and disease‐dependent. This study aimed to identify novel periodontitis‐associated circRNAs and predict relevant circRNA‐periodontitis regulatory network by using recently developed bioinformatic tools and integrating sequencing profiling with clinical information for getting a better and more thorough image of periodontitis pathogenesis, from gene to clinic.Material and MethodsHigh‐throughput sequencing and RT‐qPCR were conducted to identify differentially expressed circRNAs in gingival tissues from periodontitis patients. The relationship between upregulated circRNAs expression and probing depth (PD) was performed using Spearman's correlation analysis. Bioinformatic analyses including GO analysis, circRNA‐disease association prediction, and circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA network prediction were performed to clarify potential regulatory functions of identified circRNAs in periodontitis. A receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve was established to assess the diagnostic significance of identified circRNAs.ResultsHigh‐throughput sequencing identified 70 differentially expressed circRNAs (68 upregulated and 2 downregulated circRNAs) in human periodontitis (fold change >2.0 and p < .05). The top five upregulated circRNAs were validated by RT‐qPCR that had strong associations with multiple human diseases, including periodontitis. The upregulation of circRNAs were positively correlated with PD (R = .40–.69, p < .05, moderate). A circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA network with the top five upregulated circRNAs, differentially expressed mRNAs, and overlapped predicted miRNAs indicated potential roles of circRNAs in immune response, cell apoptosis, migration, adhesion, and reaction to oxidative stress. The ROC curve showed that circRNAs had potential value in periodontitis diagnosis (AUC = 0.7321–0.8667, p < .05).ConclusionCircRNA‐disease associations were predicted by online bioinformatic tools. Positive correlation between upregulated circRNAs, circPTP4A2, chr22:23101560‐23135351+, circARHGEF28, circBARD1 and circRASA2, and PD suggested function of circRNAs in periodontitis. Network prediction further focused on downstream targets regulated by circRNAs during periodontitis pathogenesis.
Circadian rest‐activity misalignment in critically ill medical intensive care unit patients
Authors: Gupta Prerna , Martin Jennifer L. , Malhotra Atul , Bergstrom Jaclyn , Grandner Michael A. , Kamdar Biren B. 
Published: April 2022

SummaryCircadian alignment of rest–activity rhythms is an essential biological process that may be vulnerable to misalignment in critically ill patients. We evaluated circadian rest–activity rhythms in critically ill patients and their association with baseline (e.g. age) and clinical (e.g. mechanical ventilation status) variables, along with intensive care unit light–dark cycles. Using wrist actigraphy, we collected 48‐hr activity and light exposure data from critically ill patients in a tertiary care medical intensive care unit. We evaluated circadian rest–activity rhythms using COSINOR and non‐parametric circadian rhythm analysis models, and stratified these data across baseline and clinical variables. We used linear regression to evaluate the association of circadian rest–activity and light–dark exposure rhythms. In COSINOR and non‐parametric circadian rhythm analysis analyses, the 34 medical intensive care unit patients completing 48‐hr actigraphy recordings exhibited mean MESOR (mean activity levels of a fitted curve) and amplitudes of 0.50 ± 0.32 and 0.20 ± 0.19 movements per 30‐s epoch, with high interdaily variability. Patients who were older, mechanically ventilated, sedated, restrained and with higher organ failure scores tended to exhibit greater circadian rest–activity misalignment, with three of 34 (9%) patients exhibiting no circadian rhythmicity. Circadian light–dark exposure misalignment was observed as well and was associated with rest–activity misalignment (p = 0.03). Critically ill patients in our MICU experienced profound circadian rest–activity misalignment, with mostly weak or absent rhythms, along with circadian light–dark exposure misalignment. Potentially modifiable factors contributing to rest–activity misalignment (i.e. mechanical ventilation, restraints, low daytime light levels) highlight possible targets for future improvement efforts.
Is memory impaired in narcolepsy type 1?
Authors: Medrano‐Martínez Pablo , Gómez‐Sacristan Ángela , Peraita‐Adrados Rosa 
Published: April 2022

SummaryMemory deficits in narcolepsy with cataplexy type 1 (NT1) have been poorly studied, and the results are controversial. Patients with NT1 usually report memory deficits, which are not seen in objective memory assessments. This study aimed to assess attention and memory processes in NT1 patients using standardised neuropsychological tests and to compare the results with a control group. Performance in memory and attention tests was studied in 12 NT1 patients (diagnosed according to ICSD‐3 criteria) and the results compared with those of 14 control subjects. All participants completed questionnaires on sleepiness and depression symptoms. Significant differences were found in the depression symptoms questionnaire. Regarding neuropsychological assessment, NT1 patients performed worse in attention than the control group in that they processed fewer stimuli and achieved fewer correct stimuli. However, no significant differences were found in the memory test results, and the performance was similar between both groups. After application of the Holm‐Bonferroni correction, the only differences that remained significant were those in the ESS and in BDI‐II scores. Our results showed that memory processes are preserved in NT1 patients and that memory complaints may not be associated with an objective memory deficit. In addition, the significant difference observed for patients in the depression questionnaire could explain the subjective memory complaints.
Antiparasitic treatment with itraconazole and amiodarone in 2 dogs with severe, symptomatic Chagas cardiomyopathy
Authors: Malcolm Elizabeth L. , Saunders Ashley B. , Vitt Jordan P. , Boutet Bruno G. , Hamer Sarah A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChagas cardiomyopathy, caused by the protozoal parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is characterized by arrhythmias, myocardial damage, heart failure, and sudden death. We describe 2 dogs with severe, symptomatic Chagas cardiomyopathy characterized by myocardial dysfunction and electrocardiographic abnormalities that were managed with a combination of cardiac medications and antiparasitic treatment with itraconazole and amiodarone. Both dogs died suddenly within 6 months of diagnosis. These cases highlight the need for early detection of Chagas disease in dogs and continued research to develop effective antiparasitic treatment protocols.
Cytochrome P450 reaction phenotyping of itraconazole hydroxylation in the dog
Authors: Tonero Matthew E. , Li Zhong , Reinhart Jennifer M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractItraconazole (ITZ) is an important drug in the treatment of superficial and deep mycoses in dogs. Its primary metabolite is hydroxy‐itraconazole, which has antifungal activity similar to the parent compound. The purpose of this study was to identify the cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP) isoform(s) responsible for ITZ hydroxylation in canine liver. Reaction kinetics for ITZ hydroxylation were determined in a panel of canine recombinant CYPs and dog liver microsomes (DLMs). Findings were confirmed using CYP isoform‐specific inhibitors in rCYPs and DLMs. In rCYP experiments, CYP2D15 and CYP3A12 had highest activity for ITZ hydroxylation. In inhibitor experiments, quinidine and erythromycin inhibited ITZ hydroxylation in CYP2D15 and CYP3A12, respectively, in an isoform‐specific manner. In DLMs, quinidine and erythromycin combined inhibited ITZ hydroxylation more than erythromycin alone but not quinidine alone. However, this may be related to inhibitor potency rather than the contribution of the individual CYP isoforms to the reaction. These findings support a role for CYP2D15 and CYP3A12 in ITZ biotransformation in canine liver.
Multicentre evaluation of a selective isolation protocol for detection of mcr-positive E. coli and Salmonella spp. in food-producing animals and meat
Authors: Perrin-Guyomard Agnès , Granier Sophie A. , Slettemeås Jannice Schau , Anjum Muna , Randall Luke , AbuOun Manal , Pauly Natalie , Irrgang Alexandra , Hammerl Jens Andre , Kjeldgaard Jette Sejer , Hammerum Anette , Franco Alessia , Skarżyńska Magdalena , Kamińska Ewelina , Wasyl Dariusz , Dierikx Cindy , Börjesson Stefan , Geurts Yvon , Haenni Marisa , Veldman Kees 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a screening protocol to detect and isolate mcr-positive Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. from animal caecal content and meat samples. We used a multicentre approach involving 12 laboratories from nine European countries. All participants applied the same methodology combining a multiplex PCR performed on DNA extracted from a pre-enrichment step, followed by a selective culture step on three commercially available chromogenic agar plates. The test panel was composed of two negative samples and four samples artificially contaminated with E. coli and Salmonella spp. respectively harbouring mcr-1 or mcr-3 and mcr-4 or mcr-5 genes. PCR screening resulted in a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 83%. Sensitivity of each agar medium to detect mcr-positive colistin-resistant E. coli or Salmonella spp. strains was 86% for CHROMID® Colistin R, 75% for CHROMagarTM COL-APSE and 70% for COLISTIGRAM. This combined method was effective to detect and isolate most of the E. coli or Salmonella spp. strains harbouring different mcr genes from food-producing animals and food products and might thus be used as a harmonized protocol for the screening of mcr genes in food-producing animals and food products in Europe.
Factors affecting spatiotemporal behaviour in the European brown hareLepus europaeus: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Mori Emiliano , Carbone Roberto , Viviano Andrea , Calosi Martina , Fattorini Niccolò 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe European brown hareLepus europaeusis the most widely distributed hare species of the world, being naturally present throughout Eurasia and introduced as a game species in most continents. Despite the importance of this lagomorph for both management and conservation, a quantitative summary of its spatiotemporal behaviour is still lacking.Taking advantage of 51 selected studies conducted throughout the native range of the hare and spanning the last 40 years, we used meta‐analytic approaches in order to: 1) investigate home range size in relation to ecological factors; 2) test preference across major habitat types; and 3) provide a quantitative synthesis of hare activity patterns.Temporally adjusted home range size of hare populations decreased with increasing cropland cover (cereal and non‐cereal crops), suggesting that home range size gets smaller with increasing food availability, and predicting that hare populations living in absence of crops would double their mean home range size compared to those inhabiting areas covered entirely by cropland. Hare populations where more males were sampled showed larger home ranges, in line with the polygynous mating system of this species.Hares preferred cropland and grassland over other habitats for foraging, thus selecting the two habitats characterised by the majority of trophic resources for this species. Yet, habitat types were used proportionally to their availability overall, except for the general avoidance of human settlements. Hares were mainly nocturnal, with the lowest activity during daytime, when activity was about one third of that at night, and showed moonlight avoidance, probably to limit encounters with nocturnal predators.Our work emphasises the importance of open habitats and especially cropland for this lagomorph, but also suggests some plasticity in the use of space and time by hares. Such plasticity may help this mammal to cope with future environmental changes, providing that landscape heterogeneity is maintained.
Student perspectives on programmatic assessment in a large medical programme: A critical realist analysis
Authors: Roberts Chris , Khanna Priya , Bleasel Jane , Lane Stuart , Burgess Annette , Charles Kellie , Howard Rosa , O'Mara Deborah , Haq Inam , Rutzou Timothy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundFundamental challenges exist in researching complex changes of assessment practice from traditional objective‐focused ‘assessments of learning’ towards programmatic ‘assessment for learning’. The latter emphasise both the subjective and social in collective judgements of student progress. Our context was a purposively designed programmatic assessment system implemented in the first year of a new graduate entry curriculum. We applied critical realist perspectives to unpack the underlying causes (mechanisms) that explained student experiences of programmatic assessment, to optimise assessment practice for future iterations.MethodsData came from 14 in‐depth focus groups (N = 112/261 students). We applied a critical realist lens drawn from Bhasker's three domains of reality (the actual, empirical and real) and Archer's concept of structure and agency to understand the student experience of programmatic assessment. Analysis involved induction (pattern identification), abduction (theoretical interpretation) and retroduction (causal explanation).ResultsAs a complex educational and social change, the assessment structures and culture systems within programmatic assessment provided conditions (constraints and enablements) and conditioning (acceptance or rejection of new ‘non‐traditional’ assessment processes) for the actions of agents (students) to exercise their learning choices. The emergent underlying mechanism that most influenced students' experience of programmatic assessment was one of balancing the complex relationships between learner agency, assessment structures and the cultural system.ConclusionsOur study adds to debates on programmatic assessment by emphasising how the achievement of balance between learner agency, structure and culture suggests strategies to underpin sustained changes (elaboration) in assessment practice. These include; faculty and student learning development to promote collective reflexivity and agency, optimising assessment structures by enhancing integration of theory with practice, and changing learning culture by both enhancing existing and developing new social structures between faculty and the student body to gain acceptance and trust related to the new norms, beliefs and behaviours in assessing for and of learning.