bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silencing of an odorant binding protein (SaveOBP10) involved in the behavioural shift of the wheat aphid Sitobion avenae (Fabricius)
Authors: Ullah Rana Muhammad Kaleem , Waris Muhammad Irfan , Qureshi Sundas Rana , Rasool Fatima , Duan Shuang‐Gang , Zaka Syed Muhammad , Atiq Muhammad Nauman , Wang Man‐Qun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInsects are highly reliant on their active olfactory system in which odorant binding proteins play a role to selectivity and sensitivity during odour perception and processing. This study sets out to determine whether and to which extent the antennal loaded SaveOBP10 in English grain aphid Sitobion avenae, contributes in olfactory processing during host selection. To understand this possible relationship, we purified the SaveOBP10 recombinant protein and performed fluorescence ligand binding tests, molecular docking, RNA interference (RNAi) and behavioural trials. The results showed that SaveOBP10 had strong binding affinities (Ki ≤5 μM) with most of wheat plant volatiles at pH 5.0 as compared to pH 7.4. In Y‐tube olfactometer bioassays, the S. avenae was attracted behaviourally towards pentadecane, butylated hydroxytoluene, tetradecane and β‐caryophyllene however repelled by naphthalene. After RNAi of SaveOBP10, the aphid showed nonattraction towards β‐caryophyllene and nonsignificant behavioural response to pentadecane, butylated hydroxytoluene and tetradecane. Furthermore, the three‐dimensional structure modelling and molecular docking of SaveOBP10 were performed to the volatiles with high binding abilities. Together these findings indicate that SaveOBP10 can bind more strongly to the volatiles that involved in S. avenae behaviour regulation and possibly will contribute effectively in S. avenae integrated pest management.
Cross‐sectional web‐based survey among haematologists and gastroenterologists in Japan to identify the key factors for early diagnosis of Gaucher disease
Authors: Yoshimitsu Makoto , Ono Midori , Inoue Yoichi , Sagara Rieko , Baba Terumi , Fernandez Jovelle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundGaucher disease (GD) is a rare, inherited metabolic disorder resulting from glucocerebrosidase deficiency. Patients benefit from early treatment as complications can arise from delayed diagnosis.AimsTo measure GD awareness among Japanese haematologists and gastroenterologists, who are the specialists most likely to encounter patients with symptoms recognised in the Gaucher Earlier Diagnosis Consensus (GED‐C), such as hepatosplenomegaly and thrombocytopenia. Additionally, we aimed to determine key signs from the GED‐C associated with early diagnosis.MethodsA quantitative web survey assessed Japanese haematologists and gastroenterologists for their (i) basic awareness of GD, (ii) explicit awareness of GD signs, (iii) explicit awareness of GD treatments and (iv) accuracy in suspecting GD in model patients.ResultsSurvey results from 160 haematologists and 166 gastroenterologists indicated that more than 50% of haematologists were aware of GD symptoms, diagnostic criteria and/or treatments, and 38% of them had experienced or suspected GD. The majority of gastroenterologists were unaware of GD or knew the disease only by name, with 20% experiencing or suspecting GD in practice. Almost 70% of haematologists knew of enzyme replacement therapy, while 47% of gastroenterologists were not aware of any treatments for GD. Of the GED‐C items, an awareness of bone‐associated signs was correlated with accurate GD diagnosis in model patients and this awareness was greater among haematologists than gastroenterologists.ConclusionsThe present study showed that haematologists had greater awareness of GD than gastroenterologists, and that bone pain may be a key sign of GD to enhance early diagnosis.
Lactococcus lactis subsp lactis CRL1655 and Schleiferilactobacillus perolens CRL1724 inhibit the adherence of common bovine mastitis pathogens to mammary gland cells, without causing histological changes in the mammary gland
Authors: Berardo Natanael , Giraudo Jose , Magnano Gabriel , Nader-Macias Maria E. F. , Bogni Cristina , Pellegrino Matías 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aims
The present work assessed the ability of two selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains (Schleiferilactobacillus perolens CRL1724 and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CRL1655) to inhibit the adherence of bovine mastitis pathogens to mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) and their effects (if any) on the structure of the gland after intramammary inoculation at dry-off.

Methods and Results
Established bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) were used to assess the LAB strains' ability to inhibit the adherence of bovine mastitis pathogens. Monolayers of MAC-T cells were co-cultured with the LABs and then individual pathogen was added. Both strains prevented the adherence of S. aureus RC108, S. chromogenes, S. uberis UT102 and E. coli ATCC 35218. Adherence of the latter two pathogens was inhibited most strongly in vitro. To evaluate the effect of the LAB on the structure of the bovine udders, quarters were intramammary inoculated with the LAB mixture at dry-off. After slaughtering, the teats were dissected and histopathologically analysed. No modifications were identified post-inoculation in the structure of the epithelial, subepithelial and connective tissues of the mammary gland.

Conclusions
Probiotic strains L. lactis subsp lactis CRL1655 and S. perolens CRL1724 were both able to inhibit the adherence of a number of bovine mastitis pathogens in vitro, and that the intramammary inoculation of these strains at the established dose and concentration did not cause significant alterations in the mammary epithelium nor had undesirable effects on tissues, and may therefore be considered harmless.

Significance and Impact of Study
The promising findings demonstrated in this work support the potential of probiotic micro-organisms as a natural and effective alternative to prevent bovine mastitis during the dry-off period.
Restatement costs and reporting bias
Authors: Herly Marie , Lambertsen Nikolaj Niebuhr 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFinancial restatements are costly, but frequent, events and many firms restate several times. We explore why rational managers engage in misreporting despite the costly consequences. To guide our analysis, we build a parsimonious model of reporting bias and the cost of restating. In our model, the observed cost of a restatement conveys information about the true cost of biasing financial statements, which the manager incorporates into the optimal choice of bias. A restatement hence offers managers an opportunity to learn about the true cost of reporting bias, which allows them to update their biasing strategy if the observed cost differs from the expected. We test the model's predictions by analyzing how firms' accruals quality changes after observing the costs attached to restating, which we measure as the market loss following a restatement scaled by the restatement's net income effect. We find that future accruals quality is increasing in the cost of restating and the change in the cost of restating. Consistent with our stylized model, our results indicate that rational managers use the insights from prior restatements to improve their future bias strategy.
Association between implantable defibrillator‐detected sleep apnea and atrial fibrillation: The DASAP‐HF study
Authors: Boriani Giuseppe , Diemberger Igor , Pisanò Ennio C. L. , Pieragnoli Paolo , Locatelli Alessandro , Capucci Alessandro , Talarico Antonello , Zecchin Massimo , Rapacciuolo Antonio , Piacenti Marcello , Indolfi Ciro , Arias Miguel A. , Checchinato Catia , La Rovere Maria T. , Sinagra Gianfranco , Emdin Michele , Ricci Renato P. , D'Onofrio Antonio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI) computed by an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) algorithm accurately identifies severe sleep apnea (SA). In the present analysis, we tested the hypothesis that RDI could also predict atrial fibrillation (AF) burden.MethodsPatients with ejection fraction ≤35% implanted with an ICD were enrolled and followed up for 24 months. One month after implantation, patients underwent a polysomnographic study. The weekly mean RDI value was considered, as calculated during the entire follow‐up period and over a 1‐week period preceding the sleep study. The endpoints were as follows: daily AF burden of ≥5 min, ≥6 h, ≥23 h.ResultsHere, 164 patients had usable RDI values during the entire follow‐up period. Severe SA (RDI ≥ 30 episodes/h) was diagnosed in 92 (56%) patients at the time of the sleep study. During follow‐up, AF burden ≥ 5 min/day was documented in 70 (43%), ≥6 h/day in 48 (29%), and ≥23 h/day in 33 (20%) patients. Device‐detected RDI ≥ 30 episodes/h at the time of the polygraphy, as well as the polygraphy‐measured apnea hypopnea index ≥ 30 episodes/h, were not associated with the occurrence of the endpoints, using a Cox regression model. However, using a time‐dependent model, continuously measured weekly mean RDI ≥ 30 episodes/h was independently associated with AF burden ≥ 5 min/day (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–3.65, p = .006), ≥6 h/day (HR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.37–5.49, p = .004), and ≥23 h/day (HR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.05–4.86, p = .037).ConclusionsIn heart failure patients, ICD‐diagnosed severe SA on follow‐up data review identifies patients who are from two‐ to three‐fold more likely to experience an AF episode, according to various thresholds of daily AF burden.
Two newly developed indices evaluating facial skin aging
Authors: Leem Sangseob , Gu Ki‐Nam , Kim Yunkwan , Jeong Euitaek , Lim Jun Man , Kang Nae Gyu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundSkin assessment methodologies have focused mainly on intuitive aging characteristics, including facial wrinkles and pigmented spots, and usually adopt pattern recognition algorithms. Recently, distinct methods of interpreting skin aging, such as the detection of facial landmarks and age prediction using machine learning techniques, have been conducted.Materials and MethodsWe defined two indices that represent the severity of facial aging. The first index was the ratio of the bizygomatic distance and bigonial distance. The second index was the ratio of the degrees of the near mandible. The indices extracted from two‐dimensional frontal face images were intended to show the deformation of the facial skin downward with aging progress. To validate whether these proposed indicators can represent facial aging, we conducted correlation tests with age and facial skin characteristics and performed association tests between the indices and facial skin characteristics, adjusted for age.ResultsThe indices showed strong correlations with age (r = 0.557 and 0.464, respectively) and facial skin characteristics. Although there were correlations between the indices and facial skin features, the associations between the indices and facial skin characteristics adjusted for age were weak or not significant. This suggests that the newly developed indices are appropriate for evaluating facial skin aging and distinct from typical measurements.ConclusionWe suggest two novel indices for evaluating facial aging based on frontal face images. The indices exhibited strong correlations with age and representative facial skin characteristics. The newly developed values can be differentiated indicators of facial aging compared with general skin features.
A case of ventricular noncompaction associated with heterotaxy and atrioventricular block diagnosed at 15 weeks of gestation using superb microvascular imaging
Authors: Muto Megumi , Horinouchi Takashi , Maeno Yasuki , Yoshizato Toshiyuki , Mihara Yutaro , Kusano Hironori , Shimomura Takuya , Sakamoto Yoshitaka , Ushijima Kimio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present a case of fetal atrioventricular block, heterotaxy, and ventricular noncompaction observed longitudinally from the first to early second trimesters using B‐mode and Doppler imaging, including superb microvascular imaging. At 12 weeks of gestation, the atrial and ventricular rates were 133 and 67 beats/min, respectively, and dextrocardia was noted. At 15 weeks of gestation, detailed sonography revealed ventricular septal defect, interruption of the inferior vena cava, dilated azygos vein, and double‐outlet right ventricle. In addition, superb microvascular imaging revealed irregular contours in the anatomical left ventricular wall, indicating prominent trabeculations of the ventricle, which were characteristic findings of ventricular noncompaction. At 21 weeks of gestation, intrauterine fetal death occurred, and the autopsy revealed complex congenital heart disease, including ventricular noncompaction.
Aposematic patterns shift continuously throughout the life of poison frogs
Authors: Yuan M. L. , Jung C. , Bell R. C. , Nelson J. L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractColor and pattern are often dynamic traits that change throughout an individual's lifetime. Still, long‐term shifts in coloration have received limited attention. Dendrobatid poison frogs are a classical system in the study of color and pattern evolution in which both sexual selection and predation avoidance are thought to drive the evolution of color and pattern at the population and species level. Here, we highlight an overlooked axis of pattern diversity, within individual variation, using three species in the genus Dendrobates. We collected longitudinal photographs of individuals at the National Aquarium to test the hypothesis that patterns shift predictably throughout the lifetimes of individual frogs. In all three species, we found a consistent reduction in the relative area of aposematic color as individuals aged and that the rate of pattern shift did not differ between the sexes. Consequently, within individual variation in coloration may confound inferences from ecological studies that inherently assume individual pattern is static. Finally, we note that using simple and noninvasive photography protocols, animals in zoos and aquaria have the potential to deepen our understanding of how color and pattern change throughout the lifetimes of a wide range of species.
Predicting Risk for Comorbid Reading and Mathematics Disability Using Fluency‐Based Screening Assessments
Authors: Martin BrittanyLee N. , Fuchs Lynn S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe first purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of risk for comorbid reading and mathematics disabilities (RMD) at start of first grade, when measured in a representative sample of 3,062 students with first‐grade fluency measures (word reading; computation). The second purpose was to examine the utility of these measures for predicting RMD status within a sample of 577 students when RMD status was assessed at the end of second grade in terms of reading and math accuracy. When set at or below the 16th percentile, first‐grade risk for RMD was two times more common than chance; at or below the 7th percentile, it was five times more common. Logistic regression showed that the two first‐grade fluency measures accurately distinguished students with and without RMD in second grade; however, when cut scores were set to capture 85% of students with RMD, false positives were high. Overall, the results provide support for the use of fluency measures as an initial gating procedure in first grade, but additional gating steps appear necessary in the screening process to reduce false positives.
The Rysto immune receptor recognises a broadly conserved feature of potyviral coat proteins
Authors: Grech‐Baran Marta , Witek Kamil , Poznański Jarosław T. , Grupa‐Urbańska Anna , Malinowski Tadeusz , Lichocka Małgorzata , Jones Jonathan D. G. , Hennig Jacek 
Published: May 2022

Summary

Knowledge of the immune mechanisms responsible for viral recognition is critical for understanding durable disease resistance and successful crop protection. We determined how potato virus Y (PVY) coat protein (CP) is recognised by Rysto, a TNL immune receptor.

We applied structural modelling, site‐directed mutagenesis, transient overexpression, co‐immunoprecipitation, infection assays and physiological cell death marker measurements to investigate the mechanism of Rysto–CP interaction.

Rysto associates directly with PVY CP in planta that is conditioned by the presence of a CP central 149 amino acids domain. Each deletion that affects the CP core region impairs the ability of Rysto to trigger defence. Point mutations in the amino acid residues Ser125, Arg157, and Asp201 of the conserved RNA‐binding pocket of potyviral CP reduce or abolish Rysto binding and Rysto‐dependent responses, demonstrating that appropriate folding of the CP core is crucial for Rysto‐mediated recognition.

Rysto recognises the CPs of at least 10 crop‐damaging viruses that share a similar core region. It confers immunity to plum pox virus and turnip mosaic virus in both Solanaceae and Brassicaceae systems, demonstrating potential utility in engineering virus resistance in various crops. Our findings shed new light on how R proteins detect different viruses by sensing conserved structural patterns.
Identification and analysis of HD‐Zip genes involved in the leaf development of Liriodendron chinense using multidimensional analysis
Authors: Tu Z. , Yu L. , Wen S. , Zhai X. , Li W. , Li H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Homeodomain‐leucine zipper (HD‐Zip) proteins are plant‐specific transcription factors that play important roles in different biological processes, especially leaf development. However, no studies to date have identified the HD‐Zip genes in Liriodendron chinense nor characterized their functions.

We identified the HD‐Zip genes in L. chinense by analysing the phylogeny, chromosome location, structure, conserved motif, cis‐regulatory elements, synteny, post‐transcriptional regulation and expression patterns of these genes during leaf development.

A total of 36 LcHD‐Zip genes were identified and divided into four subfamilies (HD‐Zip I to IV). Synteny analysis revealed that segmental duplication was the main force driving the expansion of LcHD‐Zip genes. These 36 LcHD‐Zip genes exhibited 11 different expression patterns. Pattern 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 9 genes may play important roles in leaf development, such as leaf initiation, leaf polarity establishment, leaf shape development, phytohormone‐mediated leaf growth and leaf epidermal structure formation. Four HD‐Zip III genes were targeted by microRNAs (miRNAs), and the miR165/166a–HD‐Zip regulatory module formed regulated leaf initiation and leaf polarity establishment.

Overall, LcHD‐Zip genes play key roles in leaf development of L. chinense. This work provides a foundation for the functional verification of HD‐Zip genes identified in this study.
Simulated global climate change benefits the nutritive value of oat grass
Authors: Tang Y.‐M. , Qiu SH.‐N. , Li Q.‐Y. , Di G.‐L. , Wang J.‐L. , Sun H.‐X. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Numerous data demonstrate that global climate change affects crop yield and quality. However, the effect of climate change on the nutritive value of forage crops remains unclear.

Oat grass (Avena sativa L.) was used as a representative forage crop to understand changes in yield and chemical composition. The growth of oat grass under elevated temperature and CO2 conditions was simulated in a 51‐day growth experiment inside OTCs. The oat grass was harvested during the heading period and yield, nutrient content, macro‐ and micro‐mineral content and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) determined.

The fresh and dry yield, mineral P and Fe content and IVDMD of oat grass increased under increased CO2 concentrations (P < 0.05). As temperature increased, dry matter yield and soluble sugar content decreased and the content of Na, Mg, P, S, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn increased (P < 0.05), while IVDMD was not significantly affected. Under the interaction of increasing CO2 and temperature, the content of Mg, P, S, Ca, Mn and IVDMD of oat grass increased (P < 0.05); however, there was no significant effect on yield.

Climate change may result in oat grass containing more digestible nutrients and minerals for ruminants.
Smokers show an altered hemodynamic profile to active stress: Evidence of a dysregulated stress response in young adults
Authors: Howard Siobhán , Keogh Tracey M. , Hughes Brian M. , Gallagher Stephen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTobacco smoking has been associated with lower cardiovascular reactivity to psychological stress in middle‐aged samples, but its impact on cardiovascular reactivity to stress in young adults remains unclear. The present study examined whether young healthy adults showed differing cardiovascular stress reaction profiles depending on their smoking status. Across two laboratory studies (N = 64 and N = 114), we asked participants to complete cognitive stress‐tasks while undergoing continuous hemodynamic monitoring. In both studies, there was not a statistically signification association between systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, or heart rate reactivity to stress (all ps > .05). However, examination of the underlying hemodynamic profile of the stress response suggested differences between non‐smokers and smokers in both studies. In Study 1, non‐smokers exhibited the expected myocardial response to the active stress‐task; however, smokers exhibited a mixed hemodynamic profile. In Study 2, smokers evidenced a weaker myocardial profile to the active stress‐tasks compared to non‐smokers. However, the examination of the continuous hemodynamic profile score (HP) did not identify statistical differences. These results highlight that any level of the smoking habit is associated with an altered hemodynamic profile in response to stress in smokers, which may have important implications for long‐term cardiovascular health. The findings also suggest that controlling for smoking behavior in reactivity research examining blood pressure and heart rate responses to stress in young adults is not necessary.
Risk assessment of banknotes as a fomite of SARS‐CoV‐2 in cash payment transactions
Authors: Schijven Jack F. , Wind Mark , Todt Daniel , Howes John , Tamele Barbora , Steinmann Eike 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe COVID 19 pandemic has triggered concerns and assumptions globally about transmission of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus via cash transactions. This paper assesses the risk of contracting COVID‐19 through exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2 via cash acting as a fomite in payment transactions. A quantitative microbial risk assessment was conducted for a scenario assuming an infectious person at the onset of symptoms, when virion concentrations in coughed droplets are at their highest. This person then contaminates a banknote by coughing on it and immediately hands it over to another person, who might then be infected by transferring the virions with a finger from the contaminated banknote to a facial mucous membrane. The scenario considered transfer efficiency of virions on the banknote to fingertips when droplets were still wet and after having dried up and subsequently being touched by finger printing or rubbing the object. Accounting for the likelihood of the scenario to occur by considering (1) a local prevalence of 100 COVID‐19 cases/100,000 persons, (2) a maximum of about one‐fifth of infected persons transmit high virus loads, and (3) the numbers of cash transactions/person/day, the risk of contracting COVID‐19 via person‐to‐person cash transactions was estimated to be much lower than once per 39,000 days (107 years) for a single person. In the general populace, there will be a maximum of 2.6 expected cases/100,000 persons/day. The risk for a cashier at an average point of sale was estimated to be much less than once per 430 working days (21 months). The depicted scenario is a rare event, therefore, for a single person, the risk of contracting COVID‐19 via person‐to‐person cash transactions is very low. At a point of sale, the risk to the cashier proportionally increases but it is still low.