bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postnatal corticosteroid use for prevention or treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in England and Wales 2012–2019: a retrospective population cohort study
Authors: Yao Sijia , Uthaya Sabita , Gale Chris , Modi Neena , Battersby Cheryl 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveDescribe the population of babies who do and do not receive postnatal corticosteroids for prevention or treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).DesignRetrospective cohort study using data held in the National Neonatal Research Database.SettingNational Health Service neonatal units in England and Wales.PatientsBabies born less than 32 weeks gestation and admitted to neonatal units from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2019.Main outcomesProportion of babies given postnatal corticosteroid; type of corticosteroid; age at initiation and duration, trends over time.Secondary outcomesSurvival to discharge, treatment for retinopathy of prematurity, BPD, brain injury, severe necrotising enterocolitis, gastrointestinal perforation.Results8% (4713/62019) of babies born <32 weeks and 26% (3525/13527) born <27 weeks received postnatal corticosteroids for BPD. Dexamethasone was predominantly used 5.3% (3309/62019), followed by late hydrocortisone 1.5%, inhaled budesonide 1.5%. prednisolone 0.8%, early hydrocortisone 0.3% and methylprednisolone 0.05%. Dexamethasone use increased over time (2012: 4.5 vs 2019: 5.8%, p=0.04). Median postnatal age of initiation of corticosteroid course was around 3 weeks for late hydrocortisone, 4 weeks for dexamethasone, 6 weeks for inhaled budesonide, 12 weeks for prednisolone and 16 weeks for methylprednisolone. Babies who received postnatal corticosteroids were born more prematurely, had a higher incidence of comorbidities and a longer length of stay.ConclusionsIn England and Wales, around 1 in 12 babies born less than 32 weeks and 1 in 4 born less than 27 weeks receive postnatal corticosteroids to prevent or treat BPD. Given the lack of convincing evidence of efficacy, challenges of recruiting to and length of time taken to conduct randomised controlled trial, our data highlight the need to monitor long-term outcomes in children who received neonatal postnatal corticosteroids.
Increasing socioeconomically disadvantaged patients’ engagement in breast cancer surgery decision-making through a shared decision-making intervention (A231701CD): protocol for a cluster randomised clinical trial
Authors: Schumacher Jessica R , Zahrieh David , Chow Selina , Taylor John , Wills Rachel , Hanlon Bret M , Rathouz Paul J , Tucholka Jennifer L , Neuman Heather B 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionSocioeconomic disparities for breast cancer surgical care exist. Although the aetiology of the observed socioeconomic disparities is likely multifactorial, patient engagement during the surgical consult is critical. Shared decision-making may reduce health disparities by addressing barriers to patient engagement in decision-making that disproportionately impact socioeconomically disadvantaged patients. In this trial, we test the impact of a decision aid on increasing socioeconomically disadvantaged patients’ engagement in breast cancer surgery decision-making.Methods and analysisThis multisite randomised trial is conducted through 10 surgical clinics within the National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP). We plan a stepped-wedge design with clinics randomised to the time of transition from usual care to the decision aid arm. Study participants are female patients, aged ≥18 years, with newly diagnosed stage 0–III breast cancer who are planning breast surgery. Data collection includes a baseline surgeon survey, baseline patient survey, audio-recording of the surgeon–patient consultation, a follow-up patient survey and medical record data review. Interviews and focus groups are conducted with a subset of patients, surgeons and clinic stakeholders. The effectiveness of the decision aid at increasing patient engagement (primary outcome) is evaluated using generalised linear mixed-effects models. The extent to which the effect of the decision aid intervention on patient engagement is mediated through the mitigation of barriers is tested in joint linear structural equation models. Qualitative interviews explore how barriers impact engagement, especially for socioeconomically disadvantaged women.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by the National Cancer Institute Central Institutional Review Board, and Certificate of Confidentiality has been obtained. We plan to disseminate the findings through journal publications and national meetings, including the NCORP network. Our findings will advance the science of medical decision-making with the potential to reduce socioeconomic health disparities.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03766009).
Registry of Senior Australians (ROSA): integrating cross-sectoral information to evaluate quality and safety of care provided to older people
Authors: Inacio Maria C , Caughey Gillian Elizabeth , Wesselingh Steve 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThe Registry of Senior Australians (ROSA) was established to evaluate aged care experiences in Australia. In this manuscript, we describe the ROSA framework, the two ROSA cohorts, highlights from research findings, and future plans.ParticipantsThe South AustralianROSA Prospective Cohort(August 2018–June 2020) enrolled 26 605 participants, of which 59.2% (N=15 745) are women, with a median age of 83 (interquartile range (IQR) 77–88). The NationalROSA Historical Cohort(January 2002–June 2020) includes 1 694 206 participants with an aged care eligibility assessment, of which 59.1% (N=1 001 705) are women and the median age is 78 (IQR 72–83).Findings to dateMost research using the ROSA has focused on dementia, service accessibility, quality and safety of care, falls and injuries and quality use of medicines. The ROSA has also examined the experience of individuals with highly prevalent and understudied conditions in aged care settings (eg, eye and mental health) and aspects of services (eg, built environment) and innovation (eg, mobile radiological services) that can affect older people’s health. Important learnings from the ROSA’s development include the significant resources and multidisciplinary expertise required for establishing this platform. Between 2018 and 2022, 43 academic publications, eight reports of the Australian Government Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety, and several reports to state health authorities and professional societies have used the ROSA.Future plansOur plans include to: (1) continue delivering high-quality evidence to support the improvement of ageing and aged care services; (2) influence and improve the quality of research in and for the aged care sector; (3) expand scope to facilitate examining aims in more depth; (4) include future aged care sector data collections within the ROSA; (5) inform best practices and innovate how consumer engagement occurs in research; (6) monitor and evaluate the impact of the 2021 Australian Aged Care Reforms.
Identifying relative efficacy of components of prehabilitation in adult surgical patients: protocol for a systematic review and component network meta-analysis
Authors: McIsaac Daniel I , Hutton Brian , Veroniki Areti , Gill Marlyn , Boland Laura , Branje Karina , Grudzinski Alexa L , Hladkowicz Emily , Shaw Julia , Gillis Chelsia 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionPrehabilitation is a high-priority intervention for patients, the public, clinicians and health systems. However, existing knowledge syntheses are generally low quality and do not provide insights regarding the relative efficacy of different prehabilitation components (eg, exercise, nutrition, psychosocial or cognitive interventions). The objective of the planned review is to evaluate the relative efficacy of different prehabilitation components to inform current care, implementation and future research.Methods and analysisWe will perform a systematic review and component network meta-analysis (CNMA). We will use a peer-reviewed search strategy to identify all randomised trials of prehabilitation in adult surgical patients from Ovid Medline, Embase, the CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, along with grey literature. All stages of the review and data extraction process will be performed in duplicate, following recommended best practices. To compare the relative efficacy of different prehabilitation components (prespecified as exercise, nutrition, psychosocial or cognitive interventions), we will use CNMA, an extension of network meta-analysis that allows estimation of the contributions to efficacy of each component of a multicomponent intervention through direct and indirect comparisons. We will use additive CNMA models for critical outcomes (postoperative complications, patient-reported recovery, physical recovery and length of stay); standard care will be the common reference condition. Pre-specified sensitivity and subgroup analyses will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationThis review of published data does not require ethical review. Results will be disseminated via scientific conferences, peer-reviewed publications, social and traditional media and via our research network to target partners and organisations.
Risk of atrial fibrillation and stroke among older men exposed to prolonged endurance sport practice: a 10-year follow-up. The Birkebeiner Ageing Study and the Tromsø Study
Authors: Johansen Kristoffer Robin , Ranhoff Anette Hylen , Sørensen Eivind , Nes Bjarne M , Heitmann Kim Arne , Apelland Turid , Bucher Sandbakk Silvana , Wilsgaard Tom , Løchen Maja-Lisa , Thelle Dag S , Morseth Bente , Myrstad Marius 
Published: November 2022

AimsEndurance sport practice is associated with a high prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF), which increases the risk of stroke in the general population. However, stroke risk in endurance athletes with AF is sparsely investigated. Most studies have been limited by design and are largely restricted to younger and middle-aged populations. Thus, we aimed to investigate AF and stroke risk in older athletes exposed to prolonged endurance training.MethodDuring a 10-year period, 505 male athletes aged ≥65 years frequently participating in a long-distance ski race were compared with 1867 men of the same age from the general population. The main exposure was endurance sport practice with self-reported AF and stroke as outcomes. Stroke risk was further examined by joint modelling of AF and endurance practice. Statistical analysis was conducted with a modified Poisson model.ResultsAthletes (median age: 68, range: 65–90) participated in a long-distance ski race over a median of 14 years (range: 1–53). Prevalence (28.5% vs 17.8%) and adjusted risk of AF (risk ratio (RR): 1.88, 95% CI: 1.49 to 2.37) were higher in athletes compared with non-athletes, whereas the prevalence (5.4% vs 9.7%) and risk of stroke were lower (RR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.95). Compared with athletes without AF, risk of stroke was twofold in athletes (RR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.08 to 5.24) and nearly fourfold in non-athletes (RR: 3.87, 95% CI: 1.98 to 7.57) with AF.ConclusionAlthough older male endurance athletes experienced an increased risk of AF, the long-term risk of stroke was substantially reduced compared with non-athletes.
An improved unified formula for $$\alpha $$-decay and cluster radioactivity of heavy and superheavy nuclei
Authors: Ismail M. , Ellithi A. Y. , Adel A. , Abbas M. A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractImproved NRDX empirical formula for $$\alpha $$
α
- and cluster decay half-lives is modified by adding the effects of angular momentum, isospin asymmetry and parity. The coefficients are determined using the latest experimental data for $$\alpha $$
α
-decay half-lives of 573 nuclei and the available 22 cluster decay half-lives. The modified formulas produced the $$\alpha $$
α
- and cluster decay half-lives and agree with calculations of other similar formulas. We used the new formulas to calculate the half-lives of cluster emissions of the SHN with $$Z=120$$

Z
=
120

, 122, 124, and 126, which have not yet been experimentally synthesized.
Dyad’s consonance and dissonance: combining the compactness and roughness approaches
Authors: Masina Isabella , Lo Presti Giuseppe , Stanzial Domenico 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
At present, there are two approaches that aim at explaining on physical grounds the psychoacoustic perception of consonance and dissonance for dyads, whose pioneers have been, respectively, Galilei and Helmholtz: One is based on the “compactness” of the waveform of the combined signal, while the other on the absence of “roughness” due to possible beats. We perform a detailed study of each approach and find that none of the associated model versions, not even the more refined ones, is fully satisfactory when faced to perceptual data on dyads. We show that combining the two approaches results instead in a surprisingly successful agreement with perceptual data: This demonstrates that compactness and roughness are both necessary ingredients for a phenomenological description of consonance and dissonance.

Graphical abstract
Dynamic rewiring of electrophysiological brain networks during learning
Authors: Ruggeri Paolo , Miehlbradt Jenifer , Kabbara Aya , Hassan Mahmoud 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Human learning is an active and complex process. However, the brain mechanisms underlying human skill learning and the effect of learning on the communication between brain regions, at different frequency bands, are still largely unknown. Here, we tracked changes in large-scale electrophysiological networks over a 6-week training period during which participants practiced a series of motor sequences during 30 home training sessions. Our findings showed that brain networks become more flexible with learning in all the frequency bands from theta to gamma ranges. We found consistent increase of flexibility in the prefrontal and limbic areas in the theta and alpha band, and over somatomotor and visual areas in the alpha band. Specific to the beta rhythm, we revealed that higher flexibility of prefrontal regions during the early stage of learning strongly correlated with better performance measured during home training sessions. Our findings provide novel evidence that prolonged motor skill practice results in higher, frequency-specific, temporal variability in brain network structure.
Trade-offs among cost, integration, and segregation in the human
connectome
Authors: Ma Junji , Chen Xitian , Gu Yue , Li Liangfang ,   Cam-CAN, Lin Ying , Dai Zhengjia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The human brain structural network is thought to be shaped by the optimal trade-off between cost and efficiency. However, most studies on this problem have focused on only the trade-off between cost and global efficiency (i.e., integration) and have overlooked the efficiency of segregated processing (i.e., segregation), which is essential for specialized information processing. Direct evidence on how trade-offs among cost, integration, and segregation shape the human brain network remains lacking. Here, adopting local efficiency and modularity as segregation factors, we used a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm to investigate this problem. We defined three trade-off models, which represented trade-offs between cost and integration (Dual-factor model), and trade-offs among cost, integration, and segregation (local efficiency or modularity; Tri-factor model), respectively. Among these, synthetic networks with optimal trade-off among cost, integration, and modularity (Tri-factor model [Q]) showed the best performance. They had a high recovery rate of structural connections and optimal performance in most network features, especially in segregated processing capacity and network robustness. Morphospace of this trade-off model could further capture the variation of individual behavioral/demographic characteristics in a domain-specific manner. Overall, our results highlight the importance of modularity in the formation of the human brain structural network and provide new insights into the original cost-efficiency trade-off hypothesis.
Sources of Heterogeneity in Functional Connectivity During English Word Processing in Bilingual and Monolingual Children
Authors: Sun Xin , Marks Rebecca A. , Eggleston Rachel L. , Zhang Kehui , Yu Chi-Lin , Nickerson Nia , Caruso Valeria , Chou Tai-Li , Hu Xiao-Su , Tardif Twila , Booth James R. , Beltz Adriene M. , Kovelman Ioulia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Diversity and variation in language experiences, such as bilingualism, contribute to heterogeneity in children’s neural organization for language and brain development. To uncover sources of such heterogeneity in children’s neural language networks, the present study examined the effects of bilingual proficiency on children’s neural organization for language function. To do so, we took an innovative person-specific analytical approach to investigate young Chinese-English and Spanish-English bilingual learners of structurally distinct languages. Bilingual and English monolingual children (N = 152, M(SD)age = 7.71(1.32)) completed an English word recognition task during functional near-infrared spectroscopy neuroimaging, along with language and literacy tasks in each of their languages. Two key findings emerged. First, bilinguals’ heritage language proficiency (Chinese or Spanish) made a unique contribution to children’s language network density. Second, the findings reveal common and unique patterns in children’s patterns of task-related functional connectivity. Common across all participants were short-distance neural connections within left hemisphere regions associated with semantic processes (within middle temporal and frontal regions). Unique to more proficient language users were additional long-distance connections between frontal, temporal, and bilateral regions within the broader language network. The study informs neurodevelopmental theories of language by revealing the effects of heterogeneity in language proficiency and experiences on the structure and quality of emerging language neural networks in linguistically diverse learners.
Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and socioeconomic status: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Purohit Bharathi M , Dawar Anika , Bansal Kalpana , Nilima  , Malhotra Sumit , Mathur Vijay P , Duggal Ritu 
Published: November 2022

Background Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) are an independent risk factor for obesity and other non-communicable diseases. Socioeconomic status (SES) is one of the key drivers for the purchase and consumption of SSBs among children and adults; however, there is a lack of strong evidence. This study aims to determine the association between SES and consumption patterns of SSBs across populations. Results The review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science, Cochrane, and CINHAL databases were searched for relevant articles until 2022. Participants included children, adolescents, and adults who consumed different SSBs and were assessed based on their SES. The random-effects model was used to obtain the pooled odds ratio (OR). Twenty-one studies (152,070 participants) met the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa tool, with the majority of the studies indicating medium to high quality. Eight ORs from four studies (34,454 participants) were considered for meta-analysis. Results showed those belonging to high SES had 48% lower odds of consuming the SSBs (OR 0.52; 95% CI: 0.42–0.61; p  =  0.017). The overall quality of evidence was ascertained using GRADE criteria, illustrating a moderate certainty of evidence between SSB consumption and SES. Conclusion Meta-analysis suggests that SES influences the consumption pattern of SSBs, with high SES having lower odds of SSB consumption.
Modeling transitions in nation brand equity: An empirical assessment of the nation equity power grid
Authors: Juusola Katariina , Lahrech Abdelmounaim 
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to assess longitudinal nation brand performance by modeling transitions in nation brand equity and to develop a method for nation brand performance assessment. This study has two objectives: (1) to empirically test Steenkamp’s nation equity power grid conceptual framework; its categories (dominant, receding, niche, emerging, and weak nation brands), and their expected development trajectories, and (2) to identify new types of nation brands and development patterns to complement the framework. To do this, this study used objective secondary data and applied the smooth transition technique. We assessed 41 countries’ nation brand performance over the 1995–2017 period to understand the development of their nation brand equity. Particular attention was paid to countries that had significantly improved their performance and countries that had lost their brand strength. Our findings support the categories proposed by Steenkamp, but we provide a more nuanced approach to analyzing countries’ brand strength and the possible development trajectories, and introduce new categories of nation brands called volatile nation brands and booming nation brands. Our approach to using the nonlinear smooth transition demonstrated how countries’ brand strength evolved over time, and also detected the speed of any transitions; in other words, how fast nation brands moved from one level to another. Our findings benefit country brand managers, enabling them to better determine their country’s positioning and the necessary means to improve brand equity. Understanding the mechanisms behind transitions in brand equity can also help researchers link these transitions back to various economic, social, cultural, and political transitions that have occurred in nations. Our method therefore has powerful explanatory value for a wide range of marketing, economics, and other social science studies. JEL Classification: M31
Physical Activity Patterns and Cognitive Health among Older Adults in the United States
Authors: Li Weixin , Li Yan , Wen Ming , Liu Bian 
Published: November 2022

We assessed the association between physical activity (PA) patterns and cognitive health. Using the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data among older adults (≥60 years), we defined scoring below the 25th percentile in the average z-scores from 3 cognitive tests as having low cognitive performance. We used latent class analysis to categorize PA patterns and examined their association with cognitive performance using logistic regressions while adjusting for relevant covariates. We identified three PA groups: inactive (50.2%), moderate intensity leisure (34.5%), and high intensity multiple activities (15.3%). Compared to the inactive group, the moderate intensity leisure and high intensity multiple activities groups were less likely to have low cognitive performance (adjusted proportion ratio .85; 95% CI: .75, .94; and .76; 95% CI: .57, .96). The results highlight the need for improving cognitive health of a large proportion of physically inactive older adults by promoting multiple types of PA.