bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic endoscopy practice at a resource-limited setup: experience from a GI center in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Bane Abate , Ahmed Rabia , Seid Amir Sultan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background Endoscopic evaluation has a diagnostic and therapeutic component. With the advent of technology, many gastrointestinal problems requiring surgical intervention can now be managed endoscopically. In most resource-limited setups the practice of therapeutic endoscopy is scarce and services usually provide diagnostic endoscopic examination only. MethodsAn 8-year retrospective study was done to assess the pattern and practice of therapeutic endoscopy in patients who underwent therapeutic endoscopic procedures at Adera Medical Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The socioeconomic, clinical, and endoscopic data of the patients were collected and analyzed. Results During the study period, a total of 27,283 endoscopies and colonoscopies were performed at the center, of whom 1769 patients had therapeutic procedures. The mean age of the patients was 40.95(15.5), and the majority (75.2%) of the patients were males. Therapeutic procedures included esophageal variceal ligation (69.2%), sclerotherapy (8.5 %), polypectomy (6.8%), hemorrhoid banding (5.8%), achalasia and stricture dilatation (7.1%), endoscopic foreign body removal (1.7%), adrenaline injection (0.7%), and hemoclip application (0.1%). Immediate hemostasis was achieved through endoscopic intervention in all patients that presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Achalasia and stricture dilatations were done with immediate post-procedural symptomatic relief in 100% and 95.56% of the patients, respectively. 96.67% of the patients with GIT foreign body impaction and patients with polyps were treated endoscopically without the need for surgical intervention. Conclusion In a resource-limited setup like Ethiopia, the provision of therapeutic endoscopic services can help in the management of a variety of gastrointestinal problems. Efforts geared towards the provision of therapeutic endoscopic services help alleviate multitudes of life-threatening problems as evidenced in this study.
Valorization of Parmentiera aculeata juice in growth of probiotics in Submerged Culture and their postbiotic production: a first approach to healthy foods
Authors: Lara-Cervantes Teresa de Jesús , Carrillo-Inungaray María Luisa , Balderas-Hernández Victor Emmanuel , Aguilar-Zárate Pedro , Veana Fabiola 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Actually, functional foods are good accepted for consumers for to improves health and new sources of substrates are explored. However, Parmentiera aculeate, which is a plant distributed in Mexico, has not explored. The P. aculeata juice was used as unique carbon source of promote the growth of two probiotic strains in Submerged Fermentation. Taguchi methodology with orthogonal array L9 was applied for its optimization. pH, agitation and inoculum concentration with three levels were evaluated and the best treatment was validated through a kinetic culture with monitoring some postbiotics. We observed an increase of 1.76 times in cellular concentration for Lactobacillus plantarum 14917 culture and the main produced postbiotic were short-chain fatty acids such as succinic, formic, acetic, propionic and lactic acids, which are associated the metabolisms probiotic and are important in human health. This study is the first about valorization of Parmentiera aculeata juice as substrate for growth probiotic strain and future studies are necessaries for its application in functional food.
Implementation of infection prevention and control components in 1,442 hospitals in the Republic of Korea: evaluation using the WHO Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework (IPCAF)
Authors: Jeong Yoolwon , Joo Hyeyoung , Bahk Hyunjung , Koo Hyunsuk , Lee Hyungmin , Kim Kinam 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: The current epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 continues to underscore the inadequacy of infection prevention and control (IPC) and the importance of its sound establishment in healthcare facilities. The Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework (IPCAF), developed by the World Health Organization, allows systematic assessment of IPC capacity in healthcare facilities and was therefore applied in many national-level surveys. This study aims to assess the IPC capacity of Korean hospitals as well as their strengths and pitfalls, by analyzing the results of the first nationwide IPC survey, using the IPCAF frame.Methods: The Korean National Infection Prevention and Control Survey (KNIPCS) was conducted from February to March 2018. As the survey preceded the release of IPCAF, the survey questionnaire was developed through a series of expert consultations. Although the KNIPCS did not directly apply the IPCAF, its contents complied with the IPCAF to a large extent to allow exploration of its results with regards to IPCAF. The survey questionnaire was distributed to a total of 2,108 hospitals.Results: A total of 1,442 hospitals completed the survey with a response rate of 68.4%. All tertiary hospitals and the majority of general hospitals had implemented IPC teams and programs, whereas the percentage was lower for smaller-sized hospitals and long-term care hospitals. A similar trend was observed for surveillance and IPC practice monitoring activities. The percentage of interactive IPC training was lower than 30% in all hospital groups. While activities and guidelines were frequently applied for activities such as disinfection and, activities regarding antimicrobial resistance were relatively weak in all hospital groups except for tertiary hospitals.Conclusions: In general, essential IPC structures, such as IPC teams and programs, were well in place in most tertiary and general hospitals in Korea. These hospital groups also more actively performed various IPC activities. As most previous legislative and multimodal policy measures have targeted these hospital groups, we have speculated that future policy efforts should encompass long-term care hospitals and smaller-sized hospitals to strengthen the IPC capacity of these hospital groups. Efforts should also be put forth to promote IPC training and antimicrobial activities.
Is there correlation between measured and console CTDIvol in multislice CT scanners?
Authors: Mhagama Allen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between measured and console volume computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) in multislice CT scanners. The measured CTDI values were determined from kerma length product measured using pencil ionization chamber inserted in the holes of standard CT phantoms with diameters 16 and 32 cm, which respectively mimic adult head and body using the procedures recommended by International Electro-technical Commission. Significantly large deviations were observed between the measured and console CTDI vol values in multislice CT scanners
Perceived Ideal Number of Children Among Adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa: Does Exposure to Family Planning Messages Matter?
Authors: Phiri Million , Lemba Musonda , Simona Simona , Sikalunzwe Milika 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundEven though evidence shows that fertility transition has begun almost everywhere in sub–Saharan Africa, the decline has been slower than in other parts of the world. Researchshows that there is a positive relationship between fertility levels and desired family size. Therefore, many countries in the region are implementing family planning education campaigns targeting at influencing reproductive behaviour of women. Thus,this studyaimed at examiningthe extent to which exposure to family planning communication is associated withdesired family size in adolescencein sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsThis study used data extracted fromthe most recent Demographic and Health Survey datasets for 28 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Analyses were conducted on a pooled weighted sample of 87,950female adolescents’ aged 15-19 yearscaptured in respective country surveys. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted in Stata version 16 software to examine the effects of exposure to family planning communication on adolescents desired family size.ResultsFindings show that regardless of the country,exposure to family planning communication among adolescentshad a significant effect on desire for fewer children. Average ideal family size among adolescents who had exposure to family planning communication was (3.8 children compared to 4.5 children;p<0.001) among those with no exposure.Marital status, wealth status, education level,contraceptive use and employment status were also significantly associated with adolescents’desiredfamily size.Country level differences were observed regarding desired family size among adolescents. Adolescents from West Africa Countries had higher desired family size.ConclusionExposure to family planning communication has shown the potential to influence adolescents’ fertility behavior in the region. Desire for large family size is predominantly high among adolescents from West and Central African countries. Suggesting that high fertility remains a social concern in these regions. Furthermore, the study found sub-regional variations in determinants ofdesired family size among adolescents. Calling for the need to scale-up family planning education programmes especially in West and Central Africa countries.
Undernutrition and associated factors of among older adults in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yisak Hiwot 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction: In older adults, undernutrition is a common and dangerous condition. Undernutrition contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in older adults today, without a doubt. Undernutrition and accidental weight loss contribute to health decline, decreased physical and cognitive functional status, higher healthcare consumption, premature institutionalization, and increased mortality. Undernutrition in older adults may be reduced if the overall prevalence and determinant factors were addressed. So, the goal of this study was to determine the pooled prevalence and factors associated with undernutrition among the older adults in Ethiopia.Method: The protocol in this study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database and can be accessed with the protocol number CRD42021254805.A selection of publications, data extraction, and reported results for the review was designed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of individual studies included in this meta-analysis was assessed using the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) checklist. A total of 8 independent studies were eligible and enrolled for final analysis. The heterogeneity among studies used for this meta-analysis was assessed using the I2 test. Thus, a fixed-effect model at 95% CI was used for estimating the overall effect. The meta-analysis was conducted using Stata software (version 14, STATA Corp College Station, TX), where p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: In the estimation of the pooled prevalence of undernutrition, a total of 4,628 older adults from eight studies were included. the pooled prevalence of undernutrition among older adults in Ethiopia was 20.53% (95% CI: 17.39%, 23.67%). The study revealed that males had higher odds of being undernutrition as compared to females with AOR 5.88 (95% CI: 5.00, 6.66). Older adults in the age range of 65-74 (young-old) were less likely to be undernourished as compared to those whose age was above 85 (old-old) with AOR 022(95%CI:0.22, 0.25). Older adults who were depressed had higher odds of undernutrition as compared to their counterparts with AOR 1.27 (95%CI:1.19, 1.37). On the other hand, older adults from households with poor wealth index were two (AOR=1.90; 95% CI: 1.08, 3.32) times more likely to be undernourished as compared to those who were from rich households.Conclusion: The burden of undernutrition in Ethiopia is still significant, according to this report. As a result, different intervention measures to minimize the prevalence of undernutrition among Ethiopia's older adults are urgently needed
COORDINATION of ORAL ANTICOAGULANT CARE at HOSPITAL DISCHARGE (COACHeD): Protocol for a Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Holbrook Anne , Vidug Kristina , Yoo Lindsay , Troyan Sue , Schulman Sam , Douketis James , Thabane Lehana , Giilck Stephen , Koubaesh Yousery , Hyland Sylvia , Keshavjee Karim , Ho Joanne , Tarride Jean-Eric , Ahmed Amna , Talman Marianne , Leonard Blair , Ahmed Khursheed , Refaei Mohammad , Siegal Deborah 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background Oral anticoagulants (OACs) are commonly prescribed, have well documented benefits for important clinical outcomes but have serious harms as well. Rates of OAC-related adverse events including thromboembolic and hemorrhagic events are especially high shortly after hospital discharge. Expert OAC management involving virtual care is a research priority given its potential to reach remote communities in a more feasible, timely and less costly way than in-person care. Our objective is to test whether a focused, expert medication management intervention using a mix of in-person consultation and virtual care follow-up, is feasible and effective in preventing anticoagulation-related adverse events, for patients transitioning from hospital to home.Methods and Analysis A randomized, parallel, multicentre design enrolling consenting adult patients or the caregivers of cognitively impaired patients about to be discharged from medical wards with a discharge prescription for an OAC. The interdisciplinary multimodal intervention is led by a clinical pharmacologist and includes: a detailed discharge medication reconciliation and management plan focused on oral anticoagulants at hospital discharge; a circle of care handover and coordination with patient, hospital team and community providers; and early post-discharge follow-up virtual medication check-up visits at 24 hours, 1 week, and 1 month. The control group will receive usual care plus encouragement to use the Thrombosis Canada website. The primary feasibility outcomes include recruitment rate, participant retention rates, trial resources management, and the secondary clinical outcomes include adverse anticoagulant safety events composite (AASE), coordination and continuity of care, medication-related problems, quality of life and healthcare resource utilization. Follow-up is 3 months. DiscussionThis pilot RCT tests whether there is sufficient feasibility and merit in coordinating oral anticoagulant care early post-hospital discharge to warrant a full sized RCT Trial Registration Number NCT02777047
Microbial Ecosystem Therapeutic-2 Intervention in People With Major Depressive Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Phase 1, Open-Label Study
Authors: Chinna Meyyappan Arthi , Forth Evan , Milev Roumen 
Published: January 2022

Background
Recent studies have investigated the potential of treatments that modify the gut microbiome, such as fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotics, in individuals with psychiatric illnesses.

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of a novel gut microbiome therapeutic, Microbial Ecosystem Therapuetic-2 (MET-2), in people with depression and anxiety.

Methods
In this phase 1, open-label trial, 12 adults diagnosed with major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, or both were recruited. Over 8 weeks, participants consumed three capsules per day, orally, of an encapsulated microbial therapeutic (MET-2), which contained 40 strains of bacteria that were purified and lab-grown from the stool of a single healthy donor. Participants were assessed biweekly using clinical scales and questionnaires in order to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and tolerability of the therapeutic.

Results
The therapeutic was found to be generally safe and tolerable, with limited adverse events and side effects and no serious adverse events. Of the 12 individuals included in this study, 9 (75%) responded to treatment (50% improvement in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS] scores, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale [GAD-7] scores, or both, from baseline to the week-8 visit). Over the course of 10 weeks, MET-2 significantly decreased mean MADRS and GAD-7 scores (MADRS: F2.731, 30.05=8.784, P<.001; GAD-7: F2.778, 30.55= 9.638, P<.001). Multiple comparisons with Bonferroni adjustments showed a significant reduction in MADRS scores from baseline (mean 19.00, SD 4.843) to week 6 (mean 11.25, SD 8.001; P=.009), week 8 (mean 8.667, SD 8.732; P=.002), and week 10 (mean 8.250, SD 9.304; P=.006). Multiple comparisons showed a significant reduction in GAD-7 scores from baseline (mean 13.58, SD 4.010) to week 4 (mean 9.167, SD 5.096; P=.03), week 6 (mean 7.667, SD 4.539; P=.004), week 8 (mean 7.333, SD 6.583; P=.03), and week 10 (mean 7.500, SD 6.448; P=.03).

Conclusions
The findings from this study are the first to provide evidence for the role of microbial ecosystem therapy in treating depression and anxiety. However, a double-blind, randomized controlled trial with a larger sample size is needed for more conclusive results.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04052451; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04052451

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.2196/17223
Лечебная тактика при осложнениях БЦЖ-вакцинации у детей
Authors: Zhurilo I.P. , Cherkun А.V. , Kirillova T.V. , Lepikhov P.A. , Buslaev A.I. 
Published: January 2022

В статье приводится опыт лечения 206 пациентов с поствакцинальными БЦЖ-поражениями лимфатических узлов (202 наблюдения — 98,1 %) и с поствакцинальными туберкулезными оститами (4 больных — 1,9 %) в возрасте от 1 месяца до 3 лет, оперированных в период с 2009 по 2011 год. Мальчиков было 127 (61,7 %), девочек — 79 (38,3 %).В статье также поднимаются вопросы выбора хирургической тактики при лечении осложнений БЦЖ-вакцинации у детей. УЗИ с допплерографией позволяет определить характер изменений в лимфатических узлах (от начальной инфильтрации до тотального гнойного расплавления) для выбора рациональной лечебной тактики.
Нові респіраторні віруси у дітей молодшого віку з бронхообструктивним синдромом
Authors: Rudenko S.M. , Obertynska O.V. , Boyko Yu.O. , Okhotnikova O.M. , Dzyublik I.V. 
Published: January 2022

Метою нашого дослідження була ідентифікація нових респіраторних вірусів у дітей раннього віку з бронхообструктивним синдромом (обструктивний бронхіт і загострення бронхіальної астми). Обстежено 28 дітей віком від 5 місяців до 6 років. Середній вік пацієнтів становив 33,7 місяця (95% СІ 24,5–43,0). Віруси були ідентифіковані в 75 % хворих. У 39,3 % було виявлено бокавірус. Метапневмовірус виявлено у 10,7 % хворих. Загострення бронхіальної астми у 2,3 раза частіше асоціювалося з бокавірусною інфекцією порівняно з хворими на обструктивний бронхіт (RR = 2,3 (95% СІ 0,9–6,2)). Тривалість бронхообструктивного синдрому у дітей із бронхіальною астмою була вірогідно більшою (р < 0,0001), ніж у дітей з обструктивним бронхітом, — 5,3 дня (95% СІ 4,1–6,4) проти 2,7 дня (95% СІ 2,3–3,1). Результати дослідження підтверджують значну роль вірусної інфекції та нових респіраторних вірусів у виникненні бронхообструктивного синдрому в дітей.
Адаптація як інтегральна система клініко-анамнестичних, імунологічних та психологічних складових у дітей — вихованців дитячих будинків
Authors: Vysochynа I.L. 
Published: January 2022

Метою дослідження було вивчення особливостей адаптації дітей із дитячих будинків на підставі результатів комплексного дослідження різних складових означеного феномену та розробка математичної моделі оцінки актуального стану адаптованості з використанням кореляційного аналізу. Обстежено 361 дитину з дитячих будинків віком від 3 до 17 років у стані клінічного благополуччя, проведено кореляційний аналіз за 512 показниками, які вивчались (кратність ГРВІ в анамнезі, наявність хронічних вогнищ інфекції, результати диспансерних оглядів дітей, оцінка фізичного розвитку, характеристика біоценозу слизових верхніх дихальних шляхів, наявність клінічних симптомів післяінфекційної астенії, дані щодо перенесених бронхітів, пневмоній та ін.; результати імунологічного обстеження — вміст лейкоцитів, лімфоцитів, CD25+, сироваткових імуноглобулінів А, М, G, цитокінів (IL-2, ­IL-4, ­IL-10; IL-12р70+, IL-12р40+p70+; TFGβ1) у периферичній крові та концентрація протимікробних білків (альфа-дефензини 1–3; лактоферин) і SIgA у ротоглотковому секреті; психологічний патерн — типологічні характеристики (тест Айзенка, Шмішека, тепінг-тест), оцінка колір-асоціативних реакцій (тест Люшера, колірний тест відношень), особливостей емоційного портрету (тривожність, САН) та виявлення граничних донозологічних невротичних станів). Статистична обробка результатів дозволила виявити найбільш значущі фактори, за сукупністю даних яких можна діагностувати рівень адаптованості дітей із дитячих будинків.
Опыт применения домперидона в суспензии у детей раннего возраста с синдромом срыгиваний
Authors: Nagornaya N.V. , Limarenko M.P. , Logvinenko N.G. 
Published: January 2022

В статье изложен опыт применения домперидона (Домрида) в суспензии у детей раннего возраста с синдромом срыгиваний. Группу исследования составили 42 пациента в возрасте от 1 до 12 месяцев с регургитацией различной степени выраженности. В I группу вошли 20 детей, получавших «лечение питанием и положением». II группу составили 22 сверстника, у которых указанное лечение было дополнено Домридом. «Лечение питанием и положением» через 10 суток привело к уменьшению срыгиваний у 30 % пациентов. Дополнение терапии Домридом сопровождалось более быстрым наступлением положительной динамики (на 5-е сутки срыгивания купировались у 95,5 % детей).
Особливості дебюту та перебігу реактивних артритів у дітей
Authors: Lebets I.S. , Panko N.O. 
Published: January 2022

Мета: визначити особливості дебюту та перебігу реактивних артритів у дітей на сучасному етапі.Матеріал і методи. На обстеженні перебувала 81 дитина з реактивним артритом віком від 2 до 18 років. У процесі уточнення нозологічної форми суглобової патології використовувались клінічні, загальноприйняті лабораторні та інструментальні дослідження, визначалися специфічні антитіла до хламідій, мікоплазми, ієрсиній, уреаплазми, цитомегаловірусу, вірусу простого герпесу, вірусу Епштейна — Барр методом імуноферментного аналізу.Результати. Для реактивного артриту хламідійної етіології характерним є ураження великих та середніх суглобів нижніх кінцівок, що нерідко супроводжується нетривалою ранковою скутістю і швидким виникненням транзиторних гіпоміатрофій. Рідко можливий розвиток хвороби Рейтера. Мікоплазменому реактивному артриту притаманний дебют з артриту колінних, гомілковостопних, променевозап’ясткових та дрібних суглобів кистей, розвиток бурситів і гіпоміатрофій. Особливістю уреаплазменого реактивного артриту є формування бурситу в ділянці п’ят і тендиніту. Реактивний артрит, що супроводжується підвищеними титрами до антистрептолізину-О, відрізняється поліморфізмом проявів суглобового синдрому і певною мірою схожістю з ювенільним ревматоїдним артритом. Реактивний артрит неуточненої етіології має ряд спільних рис із іншими реактивними артритами та характеризується відносно сприятливим перебігом, тривалим збереженням функції суглобів і низькою лабораторною активністю. Частота рецидивів реактивних артритів зростає зі збільшенням тривалості хвороби.