bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inattentive Inference
Authors: Graeber Thomas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper studies how people infer a state of the world from information structures that include additional, payoff-irrelevant states. For example, learning from a customer review about a product’s quality requires accounting for the reviewer’s otherwise-irrelevant taste. This creates an attribution problem common to all information structures with multiple causes. We report controlled experimental evidence for pervasive overinference about states that affect utility—a form of “omitted variable bias” in belief updating, providing an explanation for various misattribution patterns. In studying why systematic misattribution arises, we consistently find that errors are not due to deliberate effort avoidance or a lack of cognitive capacity. Instead, people behave as if they form incomplete mental models of the information structure and fail to notice the need to account for alternative causes. These mental models are not stable but context-dependent: Misattribution responds to a variety of attentional manipulations, but not to changes in the costs of inattention.
When “meaningless” means more: biographic resonance and audience appreciation of popular entertainment
Authors: Bonus James Alex , Watts Judy , Francemone C Joseph 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Integrating predictions derived from the self-memory system and biographic resonance theory, the current project investigated the relationship between media-induced reminiscence and appreciation. In two experiments, undergraduates consumed popular entertainment from either their early adolescence or the present day. Study 1 (N = 406) featured music, and Study 2 (N = 405) featured movies. Both studies found that memory recall was more common in response to older (vs. recent) entertainment, and the memories activated by older entertainment were happier and produced more temporal comparisons. Although appreciation was higher for older entertainment in Study 1, this effect did not replicate in Study 2. However, both studies found that appreciation was higher for content that activated memories, especially memories that were more emotional and immersive. These patterns emerged regardless of when the content was released. These findings clarify why audiences sometimes perceive meaning in lighthearted entertainment, such as pop music or superhero films.
Allosteric activation of CRISPR-Cas12a requires the concerted movement of the bridge helix and helix 1 of the RuvC II domain
Authors: Wörle Elisabeth , Newman Anthony , D’Silva Jovita , Burgio Gaetan , Grohmann Dina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nucleases derived from the prokaryotic defense system CRISPR-Cas are frequently re-purposed for gene editing and molecular diagnostics. Hence, an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of these enzymes is of crucial importance. We focused on Cas12a from Francisella novicida (FnCas12a) and investigated the functional role of helix 1, a structural element that together with the bridge helix (BH) connects the recognition and the nuclease lobes of FnCas12a. Helix 1 is structurally connected to the lid domain that opens upon DNA target loading thereby activating the active site of FnCas12a. We probed the structural states of FnCas12a variants altered in helix 1 and/or the bridge helix using single-molecule FRET measurements and assayed the pre-crRNA processing, cis- and trans-DNA cleavage activity. We show that helix 1 and not the bridge helix is the predominant structural element that confers conformational stability of FnCas12a. Even small perturbations in helix 1 lead to a decrease in DNA cleavage activity while the structural integrity is not affected. Our data, therefore, implicate that the concerted remodeling of helix 1 and the bridge helix upon DNA binding is structurally linked to the opening of the lid and therefore involved in the allosteric activation of the active site.
Mechanism of protein-primed template-independent DNA synthesis by Abi polymerases
Authors: Figiel Małgorzata , Gapińska Marta , Czarnocki-Cieciura Mariusz , Zajko Weronika , Sroka Małgorzata , Skowronek Krzysztof , Nowotny Marcin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Abortive infection (Abi) is a bacterial antiphage defense strategy involving suicide of the infected cell. Some Abi pathways involve polymerases that are related to reverse transcriptases. They are unique in the way they combine the ability to synthesize DNA in a template-independent manner with protein priming. Here, we report crystal and cryo-electron microscopy structures of two Abi polymerases: AbiK and Abi-P2. Both proteins adopt a bilobal structure with an RT-like domain that comprises palm and fingers subdomains and a unique helical domain. AbiK and Abi-P2 adopt a hexameric and trimeric configuration, respectively, which is unprecedented for reverse transcriptases. Biochemical experiments showed that the formation of these oligomers is required for the DNA polymerization activity. The structure of the AbiK–DNA covalent adduct visualized interactions between the 3′ end of DNA and the active site and covalent attachment of the 5′ end of DNA to a tyrosine residue used for protein priming. Our data reveal a structural basis of the mechanism of highly unusual template-independent protein-priming polymerases.
Coronary artery calcium and risk of chronic kidney disease in young and middle-aged adults
Authors: Kim Yejin , Kang Jeonggyu , Chang Yoosoo , Hyun Young Youl , Lee Kyu-Beck , Shin Hocheol , Wild Sarah H , Byrne Christopher D , Ryu Seungho 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
The role of the coronary artery calcium score (CACS) in incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) in asymptomatic young populations remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between CACSs and CKD development in adults.

Methods
A cohort study of 113 171 Korean adults (mean age 40.6 years) without CKD and proteinuria at baseline who underwent a cardiac tomography estimation of CACSs during health screening examinations was performed (median follow-up 4.2 years). The outcome was CKD, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and/or the presence of proteinuria. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CKD were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses.

Results
A higher CACS was moderately associated with an increased risk of CKD in a dose-dependent manner. The multivariable-adjusted HRs for CKD comparing CACSs 1–100, 101–300 and &gt;300 with a CACS of 0 were 1.15 (95% CI 1.05–1.25), 1.37 (95% CI 1.13–1.66) and 1.71 (95% CI 1.32–2.22), respectively (P for trend &lt;.001). When CKD was defined using low eGFR and proteinuria separately, corresponding HRs for low eGFR were 1.31 (95% CI 1.05–1.62), 1.41 (95% CI 0.95–2.11) and 1.86 (95% CI 1.16–3.00), respectively (P for trend = .001), while the HRs for proteinuria were 1.11 (95% CI 1.02–1.21), 1.32 (95% CI 1.07–1.64) and 1.57 (95% CI 1.16–2.12), respectively.

Conclusions
A higher CACS was progressively associated with an increased risk of CKD, even at low CACSs. Individuals with a CACS &gt;0 appear to have an increased risk of CKD and may benefit from preventive measures to reduce CKD risk.
Refugee return and social cohesion
Authors: Ruiz Isabel , Vargas-Silva Carlos 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Refugee return often involves the re-encounter of individuals who were separated for years, but we know little about its impact on social cohesion. We explore this impact using data from a nationwide survey that we conducted in Burundi, a country that experienced high levels of repatriation during the 2000s. We find that refugee return has a negative impact on the feeling that community members help each other, could borrow money for emergencies from non-household members, and the feeling that the community is peaceful. The impacts on measures of reconciliation, post-conflict justice, trust, and participation in community groups are mostly statistically insignificant. We also explore how these effects differ across different sub-samples based on ethnic composition, pre-war land scarcity, and attitudes towards return. The results highlight the possible role of new migration-related societal divisions in affecting post-return social cohesion.
The effect of obstructive sleep apnea therapy on cardiovascular autonomic function: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dissanayake Hasthi U , Bin Yu Sun , Sutherland Kate , Ucak Seren , de Chazal Philip , Cistulli Peter A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
Autonomic function is impaired in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and may mediate the association between OSA and cardiovascular risk. We investigated the effect of OSA therapy on autonomic function through a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies.

Methods
A systematic search using three databases (Medline, Embase, and Scopus) was performed up to December 9, 2020. Studies of OSA patients ≥ 18 years with autonomic function assessed before and after treatment with positive airway pressure, oral appliance, positional therapy, weight loss, or surgical intervention were included for review. Random effects meta-analysis was carried out for five groups of autonomic function indices. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool.

Results
Forty-three eligible studies were reviewed with 39 included in the meta-analysis. OSA treatment led to large decreases in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (Hedges’ g = −1.08; 95% CI −1.50, −0.65, n = 8) and moderate decreases in catecholamines (−0.60; −0.94, −0.27, n = 3) and radio nucleotide imaging (−0.61; −0.99, −0.24, n = 2). OSA therapy had no significant effect on baroreflex function (Hedges’ g = 0.15; 95% CI −0.09, 0.39, n = 6) or heart rate variability (0.02; −0.32, 0.36, n = 14). There was a significant risk of bias due to studies being primarily non-randomized trials.

Conclusions
OSA therapy selectively improves autonomic function measures. The strongest evidence for the effect of OSA therapy on autonomic function was seen in reduced sympathetic activity as assessed by microneurography, but without increased improvement in parasympathetic function. OSA therapy may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in OSA through reduced sympathetic activity.
Risk, Reward, and Resistance: Navigating Work and Family under Hungary’s New Pronatalism
Authors: Glass Christy , Fodor Éva 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
New pronatalist regimes rely on market incentives to increase childbearing and encourage full employment. Few countries have instituted a more extreme version of new pronatalism than Hungary. The current study analyzes how professional women navigate uncertainty and risk under Hungary’s pronatalist regime. Our analysis of twenty-one in-depth interviews with middle-class professional women reveals inherent tensions and contradictions. Respondents perceived two competing imperatives: seek financial security in a highly unstable labor market and privately absorb care burdens associated with larger families. Respondents weighed the potential rewards of accessing various pronatalist benefits against the costs of reproduction in a policy context characterized by risk and uncertainty. Respondents were highly selective regarding which benefits they accessed and which they avoided. Our analysis contributes to research and theory on the substantive impact of formal welfare and work policies, including the ways actors interpret and engage policies in order to limit risk and uncertainty.
Capitellum and Capitellar–Trochlear Shear Injury in Children
Authors: Simanovski Naum , Horowitz Roy S. , Goldman Vladimir , Sharabati Tarek , Lamdan Ron , Zaidman Michael 
Published: September 2022

Objectives:
We report our clinical results following surgical intervention for capitellar fractures in a pediatric population, highlighting approaches, surgical instruments, and possible prognostic factors.

Design:
Retrospective descriptive case-series study.

Setting:
A tertiary referral hospital.

Patients:
Twelve pediatric patients with capitellar or capitellar-trochlear injuries were treated between 2017 and 2021.

Intervention:
Open reduction and internal fixation primarily using cannulated headless screws.

Main Outcome Measurements:
The mean follow-up period was 22 months (range: 10–35 months). Functional outcomes were assessed using the Mayo Elbow Performance Score. Post-traumatic elbow arthrosis was assessed using the Bromberg and Morrey rating system.

Results:
All fractures healed within 5–7 weeks. The mean Mayo Elbow Performance Score value was 98 (range, 85–100). Three patients developed arthrosis, and one had capitellar osteonecrosis.

Conclusions:
Based on our experience, the Kocher approach and fixation of 2–3 retrograde cannulated screws together represent an appropriate surgical technique for isolated capitellar fractures, whereas good functional outcomes are attainable for capitellar–trochlear shear fractures using the transolecranon approach with 3 cannulated screw fixations. Further injuries to the osseoligamentous structures around the elbow joint are suspected to be an unfavorable prognostic factor.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Comparison of time trends in the incidence of primary liver cancer between China and the United States: an age–period–cohort analysis of the Global Burden of Disease 2019
Authors: Zou Zhiyong , Zhang Zuofeng , Lu Ce , Wang Hui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background:
China and the United States (US) ranked first and third in terms of new liver cancer cases and deaths globally in 2020. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of trends in the incidence of primary liver cancer with four major etiological factors between China and the US during the past 30 years with age-period-cohort (APC) analyses is warranted.

Methods:
Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019, and period/cohort relative risks were estimated by APC modeling from 1990 to 2019.

Results:
In 2019, there were 211,000 new liver cancer cases in China and 28,000 in the US, accounting for 39.4% and 5.2% of global liver cancer cases, respectively. For China, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) consecutively decreased before 2005 but increased slightly since then, whereas the ASIR continuously increased in the US. Among the four etiological factors of liver cancer, the fastest reduction in incidence was observed in hepatitis B virus-related liver cancer among Chinese women, and the fastest increase was in nonalcoholic steatosis hepatitis (NASH)-related liver cancer among American men. The greatest reduction in the incidence of liver cancer was observed at the age of 53 years in Chinese men (−5.2%/year) and 33 years in Chinese women (−6.6%/year), while it peaked at 58 years old in both American men and women (4.5%/year vs. 2.8%/year). Furthermore, the period risks of alcohol- and NASH-related liver cancer among Chinese men have been elevated since 2013. Simultaneously, leveled- off period risks were observed in hepatitis C viral-related liver cancer in both American men and women.

Conclusions:
Currently, both viral and lifestyle factors have been and will continue to play an important role in the time trends of liver cancer in both countries. More tailored and efficient preventive strategies should be designed to target both viral and lifestyle factors to prevent and control liver cancer.
Long non-coding RNA colon cancer-associated transcript 2: role and function in human cancers
Authors: Ma ShuoShuo , Wang WenJing , Zhang DengYong , Zhao GuanRu , Lu Zheng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a family of non-protein-coding RNAs that span a length of over 200 nucleotides. Research reports have illustrated that lncRNAs are involved in various cellular processes and that their abnormal expression leads to the occurrence and development of various tumors. Colon cancer-associated transcript 2 (CCAT2) was first reported as an oncogene in colon cancer. LncRNA CCAT2 is abnormally expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, glioma, and other tumors. In tumor tissues, abnormally overexpressed CCAT2 can affect cell proliferation, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis, and other biological behaviors through endogenous RNAs mechanisms, various signaling pathways, transcriptional regulation, and other complex mechanisms. Additionally, the overexpression of CCAT2 is also closely related to the tumor size, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, survival time, and other prognostic factors, suggesting that it is a potential prognostic indicator. This article reviews the biological functions of CCAT2 and its mechanisms of action in tumors from previous studies. In this review, we attempt to provide a molecular basis for future clinical applications of lncRNA CCAT2.
The Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Postpartum Depression Between Primiparous and Secundiparous
Authors: Huang Cuiqin , Fan Yajing , Hu Sanlian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Since the implementation of “two-child policy” in China, the prevalence and influencing factors of postpartum depression (PPD) between women at first childbirth and second childbirth remains unclear. We aimed to compare the prevalence and the influencing factors of PPD between the two groups. Postpartum women were recruited at their 6-week postpartum checkups and invited to complete questionnaires. The prevalence rate of PPD was 42.1%. There was no statistical difference found regarding the prevalence of PPD and the total score on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale between the two groups. The median of the item “self-injury” was significantly higher among women at first childbirth. Women with gestational diabetes in pregnancy, antenatal anxiety and depression, abortion, having babies getting sick occasionally, and deteriorated relationships with partner in pregnancy had much higher risks for PPD. Both primiparous and secundiparous had a high prevalence of PPD. It provides scientific evidence for clinical preventive and nursing care for PPD.
Optimizing the Use of Autografts, Allografts, and Alloplastic Materials in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Chen Kevin , Schultz Benjamin D. , Mattos David , Reish Richard G. 
Published: September 2022

Learning Objectives:
After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand the autologous graft options available to the rhinoplasty surgeon, including septal cartilage, auricular cartilage, costal cartilage, and bone. 2. Understand the autograft and allograft options available to the rhinoplasty surgeon, including cadaveric costal cartilage, silicone, Medpor, and Gore-Tex. 3. Identify the ideal situations to use each of these implant materials. 4. Understand the advantages and disadvantages of the different autografts, allografts, and implants in rhinoplasty.

Summary:
This review focuses on the graft options available to the modern rhinoplasty surgeon. Autologous options are varied in the quality of cartilage harvested and the morbidity of the donor site. In addition, surgeons should understand the allograft options should autologous grafting be unfeasible or undesirable. New technological advances in processing of allograft cartilage makes this an attractive secondary option.
Pressure Injury Prevention and Management
Authors: Pittman Joyce , Otts Jo Ann , Riley Bettina , Mulekar Madhuri S. 
Published: September 2022

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to examine pressure injury prevention and management (PIPM) practices in an academic acute care setting. Specific aims were to (1) develop and examine key stakeholder engagement regarding PIPM practices, (2) develop a valid/reliable gap analysis instrument, and (3) conduct a gap analysis of current PIPM practices.

DESIGN:
Mixed-methods convergent design and participatory action research.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
A nurse-led council (Council) of key stakeholders from a large academic university healthcare setting was developed. The gap analysis was conducted in a southern gulf coast level I trauma academic acute care hospital in the Southeastern United States.

METHODS:
A multidisciplinary key stakeholder Council with 27 members was developed to accomplish study aims using the participatory action research approach to train, promote, and foster key stakeholder engagement in all aspects of the research process. The Pressure Injury Prevention Gap Analysis Instrument (PIPGAI) was developed and psychometrically tested. A gap analysis of PIPM practices across a level I trauma academic acute care hospital was conducted using the PIPGAI.

RESULTS:
The PIPGAI was developed using 2019 Pressure Ulcer/Injury Clinical Practice Guideline recommendations, an integrative literature review/appraisal, a concept map, and Council input. The overall PIPGAI content validity index of 0.95 demonstrated excellent content validity. The individual item content validity index scores ranged from 0.62 to1.0. Low-scoring items (0.62-0.75) were deleted or revised. Interrater reliability was demonstrated by percentage of agreement (62%-79%). Using a modified Delphi approach, items of disagreement were summarized and discussed until 100% consensus was achieved. A gap analysis of PIPM practices was conducted resulting in a cumulative score of 267/553 (48%), indicating gaps in PIPM practices. Fifty (73%) items had content present; 37 of 58 (64%) items had minimal detail, and 36 of 58 (62%) items were difficult or required notable effort to accomplish. Fifty items (63%) had a total score of 4 or less and were identified as a gap (range: 0-7).

CONCLUSIONS:
The main outcome of this study was an innovative and evidence-based gap analysis process. The study provides (1) a model for key stakeholder engagement, (2) a valid/reliable gap analysis instrument, and (3) a method to evaluate PIPM practices.