bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation Roadmap for a more effective government
Authors:   American Evaluation Association Evaluation Policy Task Force
Published: April 2022

AbstractConsistent with the American Evaluation Association's (AEA) mission, the Evaluation Roadmap for a More Effective Government is a document approved by AEA members and the Board that outlines a vision of the role for evaluation in the federal government. The Evaluation Roadmap outlines steps to build government capacity for strengthening the practice of evaluation throughout program life cycles and for decision‐makers to use evaluation to inform policymaking. The Evaluation Roadmap was first developed in 2009 and revised by AEA in 2019 to share the lessons learned in agencies that have applied evaluation. Several agencies have used it in shaping their evaluation policies. The Evaluation Roadmap offers a strategy to guide federal agencies and the Congress as they strive to meet expectations for increasingly producing and using evidence to inform policymaking.
Effect of ultra‐high pressure homogenization on microorganism and quality of composite pear juice
Authors: Liu Yan , Liao Mengyu , Rao Lei , Zhao Liang , Wang Yongtao , Liao Xiaojun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, composite pear juice was processed by ultra‐high pressure homogenization (UHPH) at four different pressures (50, 100, 150, and 200 MPa) with six different temperatures (4, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 80°C), then microorganism and physicochemical and nutritional properties of the samples were investigated. The counts of total aerobic bacteria (TAB) and yeasts and molds (Y&M) were reduced by 0.89–4.72 log10 CFU/ml and 0.40–3.03 log10 CFU/ml after processing, respectively. There was no significant change on total soluble solid and color, but significant decreases of pH and particle size value were observed, and the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, viscosity, and suspension stability significantly increased in treated samples. Compared to the untreated samples, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activity of UHPH‐treated samples varied between 97%–126% and 81%–165%, respectively, indicating that the PPO and POD activities could be inactivated or activated by UHPH. This study introduced proper temperature combined with UHPH could improve the microbial inactivation and the quality of the compound juice.
Effect of alginate coatings incorporated with chitinase from ʻBaozhuʼ pear on the preservation of cherry tomato during refrigerated storage
Authors: Wu Yongmin , Wu Yi , Han Peng , Xu Jiangqi , Liang Xiaobo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe effects of edible coatings based on sodium alginate with ʻBaozhuʼ pear chitinase on the quality of cherry tomatoes during refrigerated storage were evaluated. Cherry tomatoes inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum were coated and stored up to 21 days. All coatings with the chitinase significantly reduced F. oxysporum proliferation on cherry tomatoes during storage and extended the shelf life of cherry tomatoes effectively (p < .05). Results showed that alginate coatings with the chitinase could prevent weight loss, maintain firmness, and slow down the changes of titratable acidity and vitamin C (p < .05) in a dose‐dependent manner. However, no significant differences were observed between T3 (1% alginate/0.15% ʻBaozhuʼ pear chitinase/1% glycerin) and T4 (1% sodium alginate/0.3% ʻBaozhuʼ pear chitinase/1% glycerin) (p > .05). Overall, alginate coating with 0.15% ʻBaozhuʼ pear chitinase could be a promising method to maintain the quality of cherry tomatoes.
Targeting TNFα produced by astrocytes expressing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis‐linked mutant fused in sarcoma prevents neurodegeneration and motor dysfunction in mice
Authors: Jensen Brigid K. , McAvoy Kevin J. , Heinsinger Nicolette M. , Lepore Angelo C. , Ilieva Hristelina , Haeusler Aaron R. , Trotti Davide , Pasinelli Piera 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGenetic mutations that cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressively lethal motor neuron disease, are commonly found in ubiquitously expressed genes. In addition to direct defects within motor neurons, growing evidence suggests that dysfunction of non‐neuronal cells is also an important driver of disease. Previously, we demonstrated that mutations in DNA/RNA binding protein fused in sarcoma (FUS) induce neurotoxic phenotypes in astrocytes in vitro, via activation of the NF‐κB pathway and release of pro‐inflammatory cytokine TNFα. Here, we developed an intraspinal cord injection model to test whether astrocyte‐specific expression of ALS‐causative FUSR521G variant (mtFUS) causes neuronal damage in vivo. We show that restricted expression of mtFUS in astrocytes is sufficient to induce death of spinal motor neurons leading to motor deficits through upregulation of TNFα. We further demonstrate that TNFα is a key toxic molecule as expression of mtFUS in TNFα knockout animals does not induce pathogenic changes. Accordingly, in mtFUS‐transduced animals, administration of TNFα neutralizing antibodies prevents neurodegeneration and motor dysfunction. Together, these studies strengthen evidence that astrocytes contribute to disease in ALS and establish, for the first time, that FUS‐ALS astrocytes induce pathogenic changes to motor neurons in vivo. Our work identifies TNFα as the critical driver of mtFUS‐astrocytic toxicity and demonstrates therapeutic success of targeting TNFα to attenuate motor neuron dysfunction and death. Ultimately, through defining and subsequently targeting this toxic mechanism, we provide a viable FUS‐ALS specific therapeutic strategy, which may also be applicable to sporadic ALS where FUS activity and cellular localization are frequently perturbed.
Neuropsychological approach to subjective cognitive complaints in cognitively unimpaired older people: A systematic review
Authors: Pérez‐Blanco Lucía , Rodríguez‐Salgado Dolores 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveA systemized approach to subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) in elderly people is needed owing to the high prevalence of such complaints and their impact on the psychosocial well‐being of those affected. The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review of the characteristics and effectiveness of intervention programmes that use a neuropsychological approach to target SCCs in cognitively unimpaired older people and that are tested in randomized controlled trials.MethodsThe search included a time‐unlimited query of Scopus, PsycInfo and Medline, yielding 215 articles, of which only 7 met the inclusion/exclusion criteria.ResultsThe number of intervention programmes was very limited (11 interventions), but diverse, with cognitive stimulation, physical exercise, psychoeducation and cognitive restructuring all used to address SCCs.ConclusionsInterventions including only cognitive stimulation were not effective in reducing SCCs, but interventions including cognitive stimulation and psychoeducation, physical exercise, and group sessions and discussions reinforced by the therapist were effective.
Performance evaluation of different types of ground source heat exchangers in a hot and dry climate
Authors: Majeed Saif H. , Abdul‐Zahra Amar S. , Mutasher Dheya G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMost of the energy consumption in a hot and dry area is used for the air‐conditioning systems. This study aims to investigate the possibility of reducing the electricity consumption in air conditioners using ground cold energy to cool the hot fluid in the pipes. Several experiments were carried out to investigate the performance of the proposed system to be used in the weather conditions of Baghdad city (i.e., hot and dry). Two configurations of ground source heat exchangers (GSHEs) were developed and constructed. The first configuration comprised coil type with two different materials (copper and polyvinyl chloride [PVC]). The second configuration was the 3U type, which was made from copper, PVC, and galvanized. Three water flow rates were considered (5, 10, and 15 L/min) with water inlet temperatures (80°C, 70°C, and 60°C). The experiments' results showed that the type of material of the pipe has a significant influence on both the heat transfer effectiveness and the system performance. Copper tubes were the best type of heat exchanger (type coil) to be used in this regard. The highest recorded values of the heat exchange rate were 5.81, 4.81, 2.72, 1.60, and 1.32 kW with an inlet temperature of 80°C and a flow rate of 5 L/min for the case of copper coil, copper 3U, galvanized 3U, PVC profile, and PVC 3U, respectively. These findings can be used as a guideline for future studies of GSHEs, particularly for the applications fixed in unsaturated soils.
The second decade of the blue butterfly in Fukushima: Untangling the ecological field effects after the Fukushima nuclear accident
Authors: Otaki Joji M. , Sakauchi Ko , Taira Wataru 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMany field observations of the biological effects of the Fukushima nuclear accident have been reported in the first decade after the accident. A series of observational and experimental studies have demonstrated causal adverse effects on the pale grass blue butterfly even at the low‐level radiation exposure in the “field,” contrary to the dosimetric view that insects are generally tolerant of radiation exposure. However, it has been demonstrated that the pale grass blue butterfly is tolerant of high oral doses of anthropogenic radioactive cesium (137Cs) under “laboratory” conditions. This field–laboratory paradox can be explained by ecological field effects; for example, radiation stress in the field causes physiological and biochemical changes in the host plant, which then trophically affects butterfly larvae. The second decade of butterfly‐based Fukushima research will be devoted to demonstrating how such adverse field effects occur. Changes in the host plant's nutritional contents likely affect butterfly physiology. The host plant may also upregulate secondary metabolites that affect herbivorous insects. The plant may be affected by changes in endophytic soil microbes in radioactively contaminated areas. If demonstrated, these results will reveal that the delicate ecological balances among the butterfly, its host plant, and soil microbes have been affected by radioactive pollution in Fukushima, which has important implications for environmental policies and human health. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1539–1550. © SETAC
Annexin A2: The diversity of pathological effects in tumorigenesis and immune response
Authors: Huang Yanjie , Jia Mengzhen , Yang Xiaoqing , Han Hongyan , Hou Gailing , Bi Liangliang , Yang Yueli , Zhang Ruoqi , Zhao Xueru , Peng Chaoqun , Ouyang Xinshou 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnnexin A2 (ANXA2) is widely used as a marker in a variety of tumors. By regulating multiple signal pathways, ANXA2 promotes the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, which can cause tumorigenesis and accelerate thymus degeneration. The elevated ANXA2 heterotetramer facilitates the production of plasmin, which participates in pathophysiologic processes such as tumor cell invasion and metastasis, bleeding diseases, angiogenesis, inducing the expression of inflammatory factors. In addition, the ANXA2 on the cell membrane mediates immune response via its interaction with surface proteins of pathogens, C1q, toll‐like receptor 2, anti‐dsDNA antibodies and immunoglobulins. Nuclear ANXA2 plays a role as part of a primer recognition protein complex that enhances DNA synthesis and cells proliferation by acting on the G1‐S phase of the cell. ANXA2 reduction leads to the inhibition of invasion and metastasis in multiple tumor cells, bleeding complications in acute promyelocytic leukemia, retinal angiogenesis, autoimmunity response and tumor drug resistance. In this review, we provide an update on the pathological effects of ANXA2 in both tumorigenesis and the immune response. We highlight ANXA2 as a critical protein in numerous malignancies and the immune host response.
Hysterectomy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A retrospective observational multi‐institutional study
Authors: Ciavattini Andrea , Di Giuseppe Jacopo , Marconi Chiara , Giannella Luca , Delli Carpini Giovanni , Paolucci Michela , Fichera Mariasole , De Vincenzo Rosa Pasqualina , Scambia Giovanni , Evangelista Maria Teresa , Bogani Giorgio , Bertolina Francesca , Raspagliesi Francesco , Gardella Barbara , Spinillo Arsenio , Dominoni Mattia , Monti Ermelinda , Liverani Carlo Antonio , Vercellini Paolo , Iorio Maria , Vitobello Domenico , Portuesi Rosalba , Bresciani Gianluigi , Origoni Massimo , Cantatore Francesco , Pellegri Antonio Maurizio , Moriconi Lorenzo , Serri Matteo , Chiari Andrea , Sopracordevole Francesco , Barbero Maggiorino , Parazzini Fabio ,   the Italian Society of Colposcopy and Cervico‐Vaginal Pathology (SICPCV)
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the clinical management, the outcomes, and the trend in hysterectomy rates (HR) in patients who underwent this procedure for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).MethodsMulticentric retrospective observational study conducted on 242 patients who underwent hysterectomy for CIN between 2010 and 2020 in nine Italian institutions. Hysterectomy for invasive or micro‐invasive neoplasia, sub‐total hysterectomy, or trachelectomy were excluded.ResultsA significant increase in the trend of HR for CIN was recorded (P = 0.002, r = 0.81; C.I. 95%: 0.415–0.949); HR increased from 0.46% in the year 2010 to 3.32% in 2020. The mortality rate was 0.4%, and 5% had operative complications. On definitive histopathology examination, a CIN of any grade was recorded in 71.5% of cases, and an occult invasive cancer in 1.24%. No pathology or CIN1 was found in 26.8% of cases, suggesting over treatment. During follow‐up, a vaginal lesion was recorded in 5% of cases.ConclusionA significant increase in the number of hysterectomies performed for CIN in the last 10 years was recorded. Hysterectomy for CIN can lead to complications, risk of the onset of vaginal lesions, and risk of overtreatment, and remains, in the first instance, an unacceptable treatment, to be proposed only after adequate counseling.
New developments in trade theory and the food and beverage industry
Authors: Reimer Jeffrey J. , Langpap Christian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHypotheses from the recent economic literature on heterogeneous firms and international trade are evaluated for the food and beverage industry. Using new survey evidence for firms, an econometric model was developed to link a firm's probability of exporting back to characteristics such as ownership structure, size, and product type. Trade policy, the COVID‐19 pandemic, and the search costs of finding overseas markets were cited by firms as affecting their ability to export. The survey revealed what government policies and programs firms perceived as helpful as they sought to build new export markets.
Citric acid cross‐linked chitosan for inhibiting oxidative stress after nerve injury
Authors: Liu Kun , Wu Xiaopei , Dai Honglian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractScaffold design is particularly important and necessary for soft tissue repair such as nerve tissue repair. In this article, we designed and manufactured a macroporous chitosan‐based hydrogel with excellent cell compatibility and antioxidant properties. Here, the chitosan (CS) based hydrogel is obtained by repeated freezing and thawing using citric acid (CA) as a cross‐linking agent. We have evaluated the effects of citric acid content on the physical and chemical properties of hydrogels through mechanical properties and scanning electron microscopy. CA‐CS hydrogel shows a macroporous structure, as the citric acid increases, the mechanical strength increases and the pore size decreases. In vitro cell experiments show that CA‐CS hydrogel partakes positive effects on cell survival, adhesion and proliferation, as well as antioxidant properties. All results provide a basis for the construction of porous chitosan‐based hydrogels, while demonstrating a promising approach to deal with oxidative stress in nerve injury.
microRNA expression in acute myeloid leukaemia: New targets for therapy?
Authors: Fletcher Daniel , Brown Elliott , Javadala Julliah , Uysal‐Onganer Pinar , Guinn Barbara‐ann 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecent studies have shown that short non‐coding RNAs, known as microRNAs (miRNAs) and their dysregulation, are implicated in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). This is due to their role in the control of gene expression in a variety of molecular pathways. Therapies involving miRNA suppression and replacement have been developed. The normalisation of expression and the subsequent impact on AML cells have been investigated for some miRNAs, demonstrating their potential to act as therapeutic targets. Focussing on miRs with therapeutic potential, we have reviewed those that have a significant impact on the aberrant biological processes associated with AML, and crucially, impact leukaemic stem cell survival. We describe six miRNAs in preclinical trials (miR‐21, miR‐29b, miR‐126, miR‐181a, miR‐223 and miR‐196b) and two miRNAs that are in clinical trials (miR‐29 and miR‐155). However none have been used to treat AML patients and greater efforts are needed to develop miRNA therapies that could benefit AML patients in the future.
Survival of SARS‐CoV‐2 in artificial seawater and on the surface of inanimate materials
Authors: Sun Zhi‐Ping , Yang Si‐Yu , Cai Xia , Han Wen‐Dong , Hu Gao‐Wei , Qian Yun , Wang Yu‐Yan , Zhang Rong , Xie You‐Hua , Qu Di 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere is a potential risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) spread through human contact with seafood and the inanimate materials contaminated by the virus. In this study, we examined the stability of the virus in artificial seawater (ASW) and on the surface of selected materials. SARS‐CoV‐2 (3.75 log10 TCID50) in ASW at 22℃ maintained infectious about 3 days and at 4℃ the virus survived more than 7 days. It should be noticed that viable virus at high titer (5.50 log10 TCID50) may survive more than 20 days in ASW at 4℃ and for 7 days at 22℃. SARS‐CoV‐2 on stainless steel and plastic bag maintained infectious for 3 days, and on nonwoven fabric for 1 day at 22℃. In addition, the virus remained infectious for 9 days on stainless steel and non‐woven fabric, and on plastic bag for 12 days at 4℃. It is important to highlight the role of inanimate material surfaces as a source of infection and the necessity for surface decontamination and disinfection.
Cell pyroptosis in picornavirus and its potential for treating viral infection
Authors: Wang Zheng , Yu Haolin , Zhuang Wenyue , Chen Jingxuan , Jiang Yi , Guo Zhicheng , Huang Xiaotian , Liu Qiong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCell pyroptosis has received increased attention due to the associations between innate immunity and disease, and it has become a major focal point recently due to in‐depth studies of cancer. With increased research on pyroptosis, scientists have discovered that it has an essential role in viral infections, especially in the occurrence and development of some picornavirus infections. Many picornaviruses, including Coxsackievirus, a71 enterovirus, human rhinovirus, encephalomyocarditis virus, and foot‐and‐mouth disease virus induce pyroptosis to varying degrees. This review summarized the mechanisms by which these viruses induce cell pyroptosis, which can be an effective defense against pathogen infection. However, excessive inflammasome activation or pyroptosis also can damage the host's health or aggravate disease progression. Careful approaches that acknowledge this dual effect will aid in the exploration of picornavirus infections and the mechanisms that produce the inflammatory response. This information will promote the development of drugs that can inhibit cell pyroptosis and provide new avenues for future clinical treatment.
T‐cell responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron spike epitopes with mutations after the third booster dose of an inactivated vaccine
Authors: Li Yongzheng , Wang Xiuwen , Jin Junyan , Ma Zhenglai , Liu Yan , Zhang Xin , Su Bin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe rapidly spreading severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Omicron variant contains more than 30 mutations that mediate escape from antibody responses elicited by prior infection or current vaccines. Fortunately, T‐cell responses are highly conserved in most individuals, but the impacts of mutations are not clear. Here, we showed that the T‐cell responses of individuals who underwent booster vaccination with CoronaVac were largely protective against the SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron spike protein. To specifically estimate the impact of Omicron mutations on vaccinated participants, 16 peptides derived from the spike protein of the ancestral virus or Omicron strain with mutations were used to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the volunteers. Compared with the administration of two doses of vaccine, booster vaccination substantially enhanced T‐cell activation in response to both the ancestral and Omicron epitopes, although the enhancement was slightly weakened by the Omicron mutations. Then, the peptides derived from these spike proteins were used separately to stimulate PBMCs. Interestingly, compared with the ancestral peptides, only the peptides with the G339D or N440K mutation were detected to significantly destabilize the T‐cell response. Although more participants need to be evaluated to confirm this conclusion, our study nonetheless estimates the impacts of mutations on T‐cell responses to the SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant.
Seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies against the respiratory syncytial virus in healthy adults in Guangzhou, southern China
Authors: Liu Zhenwei , Wu Shangzhi , Xian Yuting , Gu Zihao , Liu Wenkuan , Chen Dehui , Zhou Rong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and young children and mediates substantial morbidity and mortality in the elderly and immunocompromised globally. The development of a safe and effective RSV vaccine and an optimized neutralizing antibody (NAb) with strong virus‐neutralizing activity is appealing. To gain some detailed knowledge of the humoral immune response to RSV subgroup A (RSV‐A) and RSV‐B, we investigated the seroprevalence of pre‐existing NAbs by using the microneutralization assay in healthy adult from Guangzhou, southern China. We found that the overall seropositive rate was 84.86% for anti‐RSV NAbs. Furthermore, the seropositive rates were 68.47% and 73.61% for anti‐RSV‐A NAbs and anti‐RSV‐B NAbs, respectively. In addition, although the seropositive rates and NAb levels were not associated with the blood type, type AB individuals displayed higher seropositive rates for anti‐RSV‐A NAbs with high titer (≥ 288) and anti‐RSV‐B NAbs, especially those with moderate titer (≥ 72 to < 288). The seropositive rates and titers were comparable between anti‐RSV‐A NAbs and anti‐RSV‐B NAbs in the AB blood type group. Interestingly, only when the NAb titer of the serum to RSV‐A was not less than 288, was it not less than 18 to RSV‐B, and vice versa. These results would be helpful for a better understanding of the human serum NAb responses to RSV‐A and RSV‐B.