bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Light Source and Temperature on Tomato Color Development During Ripening
Authors: Worthington J. T. , Penney R. W. , Yeatman J. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two lighting experiments, conducted in the summer of 1967 at Beltsville, Maryland, were designed to evaluate different light sources for tomato color development during ripening. In late winter 1968, additional tests were conducted to determine temperature rise over ambient due to light source.
Plant Responses to Near-Ultraviolet Light
Authors: Nilsen Karl N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Although man has effectively accelerated genetic alteration among crop plants in the direction of greater suitability for intensive culture, this has been a comparatively recent and minor genotypic rearrangement as compared to the accumulated contribution of millions of years of prior evolutionary selection. Man's concern with plants has from the beginning been based on their unique photosynthetic capability through which light energy, the ultimate source of life-sustaining free energy, is converted to biologically available chemical energy. In addition, light has been a primary environmental factor within the total regime of selection pressures which have shaped the morphogenic character of plants. It is permissable to anticipate terrestrial plants as responsive in a variety of ways (many yet undescribed) to all wavelength regions of the earth-impinging solar irradiance spectrum. This could be especially true within the shorter wavelength regions (ultraviolet) due to greater photon energies enabling greater possible photochemical and thus greater photobiological activity (39). With the foregoing in mind, how do common light sources vary and is this of any consequence?
The Influence of Ethylene on the Development of 5° C-Precooled ‘Apeldoorn’ Tulips during Forcing1
Authors: de Munk W. J. , de Rooy M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
When tulip bulbs infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. tulipae are present in the soil, ethylene concns up to 10 ppm can be measured in the soil atm. The greater the distance from the diseased bulbs, the lower the local concn of ethylene detected. The amounts of ethylene present in the soil can account for the observed growth inhibition of the shoots and roots and the blasting of the flower buds.
Responses of Mugho Pine Roots to Soil Temperature and of Bolleana Poplar Roots to Light1
Authors: Hilton R. J. , Mason G. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Root growth of pine (Pinus mugo var. mughus (Scop.) Zen.) was studied at a rhizotron (underground root observation laboratory) on an in situ basis. Greater root elongation occurred in peat than in mineral soil and when there were sustained periods of temperature extremes, root growth increased or decreased 2 to 5 days following increases or decreases in soil temperature.
Roots of poplar (Populus alba var. pyramidalis Bunge), grown in glass-sided boxes under controlled growth conditions, suberized more quickly when exposed to natural and artificial light than when kept in the dark.
A Guide to Terminology for the Easter Lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.)1
Authors: De Hertogh A. A. , Roberts A. N. , Stuart N. W. , Langhans R. W. , Linderman R. G. , Lawson R. H. , Wilkins H. F. , Kiplinger D. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The impetus to compile a guide to terminology for the Easter lily was provided by a series of joint meetings between lily researchers and various industry representatives. During the course of these meetings, it became obvious that some terms did not relate the same phenomenon to all individuals. As a result, it was decided that an effort should be made to compile a list of terms directly related to Easter lily production and research. The glossary which follows is a result of those efforts. Hopefully, the guide will aid students, researchers, and industry representatives.
Effects of Ethyl Hydrogen 1-Propylphosphonate on Seedlings of Tea Crabapple1
Authors: Zimmerman Richard H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sprays of ethyl hydrogen 1-propylphosphonate (EHPP) at concns of 1.2-9.6 g/liter reduced shoot and root growth of tea crabapple (Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehd.) seedlings. Leaves developed after spraying were severely malformed. Shoot growth produced during the second growing season was not reduced, but leaves were malformed on the new shoots, particularly at the highest concns of EHPP.
Breeding Peaches For Warm Climates
Authors: Bowen Hollis H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The peach as an item of commerce has developed primarily in the temperate regions of the world, the equatorial boundaries being limited by minimum accumulated chilling temperatures and the polar boundaries by minimum winter temperatures. Native temperate climate peaches contained combinations of desirable characteristics with which suitable cultivars could be developed with relative ease. Among such characteristics large fruit size, suitable acid-sugar ratio and flesh firmness are particularly important in commercial varieties.
Effect of Mechanical Harvesting on Keeping Quality of Florida Citrus Fruit for the Fresh Fruit Market1
Authors: Rackham Robert L. , Grierson W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Hamlin,’ ‘Pineapple,’ and ‘Valencia’ oranges and ‘Marsh’ grapefruit were harvested by hand and with either the limb clamp shaker, foliage (coil) shaker, or vacuum tube picker's aid. Harvesting trials were combined with tests of abscission sprays, pre- and postharvest fungicides, and simulated fresh fruit marketing. All mechanical shaker harvesting increased losses from cuts and punctures, but “plugging” was so reduced that percentage of sound fruit sometimes did not differ significantly from that in the hand picked controls. When mechanical harvesting was followed by the fungicide thiabendazole (TBZ) decay in ‘Hamlin’ oranges during simulated fresh fruit marketing was not significantly higher than in the hand harvested controls treated with diphenyl only. Mechanically harvested fruit from trees sprayed with benomyl (Benlate) always had less decay than hand harvested fruit without the benomyl spray, differences usually being significant. Abscission sprays were helpful only for crops intended for cannery use. Long stems on mechanically harvested fruit remain a problem.
Effect of Rootstock on Fire Blight in Several Apple Cultivars1
Authors: Thompson J. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Under conditions of natural infection in the third year of planting, fire blight disease caused by Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winsl. et al. was less severe on the same cultivars grafted on seedling roots than on ‘EM VII’, ‘MM 104’ and MM 106’. The most susceptible cultivars appeared to be ‘Tydeman's Red’ and ‘Raritan’. ‘Williams Red’ was the only cultivar that escaped fire blight entirely.
Potato Protein Crystals
Authors: Hoff J. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A 10 μ cubical protein crystal and a prominent ovoid starch grain are seen resting on the wall of the hollow interior of a cell from the subphellogen layer of a potato tuber. The photograph was obtained by scanning electron microscopy (× 1,750) of a tissue slice without the benefit of heavy metal coating. Evidently, the cell electrolytes provide sufficient electrical conductivity to make such studies possible, but the amount of information obtained by this technique is rather limited. The high vacuum utilized causes complete dehydration of the cell with consequent collapse of internal structures. The membrane-like film surrounding the crystal is probably an artifact due to coalescing cytoplasmic protein.
Influence of Bulb Temperature on Floral Initiation in the Amazon Lily, Eucharist grandiflora Planch1
Authors: Adams D. G. , Urdahl W. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Floral initiation was induced by heating leafy bulbs for 3 weeks at 70 or 75°F, or 2 weeks at 80, 85 or 90°. Bulbs held at 65° remained vegetative. Heating bulbs for periods longer than 2 weeks (5 weeks max) merely extended the time to flower and indicated that little floral development took place until plants were removed from heating.
Earlier Flowering of Geranium cv. Carefree Scarlet by High Intensity Supplemental Light Treatment1
Authors: Carpenter W. J. , Rodriguez R. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Geraniums (Pelargonium hortorum Bailey) grown under constant supplemental lighting using 105 watt Wide Spectrum Gro-Lux fluorescent lamps at 14 lamp watts/ft2 for periods of 0 to 4 weeks flowered in approximately the same no. of days from seeding and the terminal stems had similar no. of nodes. Plants lighted 6 to 10 weeks also flowered uniformly but 24-55 days (21-33%) earlier and with 2-6 fewer nodes than those receiving no supplement light or lighted for less time.
A Correlation Between Severity of Hail Damage in Potato Cultivars and the Nature of the Calcium in the Leaf and Stem Tissues1
Authors: Kamal A. L. , Tayih A. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
On May 17, 1969 a severe hail storm hit the Agricultural Research and Educational Center (A.R.E.C.) of the American University of Beirut located in the Beqa'a plain 80 km east of Beirut. Remarkable differences were observed in the rate of damage to plants in an evaluation trial of 22 potato cultivars planted in randomized complete block design.
Importance of the Phosphorus-Zinc Interaction in Okra Production1
Authors: Hipp Billy W. , Cowley W. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Zn deficiencies in field grown okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.) were induced with band P applications of 29 and 58 kg/ha. Okra yields were slightly increased with these elements applied alone but P and Zn in combination resulted in highest yields. Yields of okra were reduced when P and Zn concn in 10 to 15 day old plants were less than 0.30% and 40 ppm, respectively.
An Integrated Tomato Seedling System1
Authors: Wilcox G. E. , Johnson P. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An integrated tomato seedling system was developed by assembling components to regulate plant population, apply starter fertilizer, and promote seedling emergence. Plant population was regulated by the release of 4-7 seeds per clump at the desired spacing in the row. Starter fertilizer was sprayed on the seed as a 2-3-0, N-P-K (2-7-0 oxide form) solution at 500 ml per 30 m (1 pint per 100 ft) of row. An anticrustant was applied into the seed furrow and firmed by a press wheel with a concave surface. The system was adapted to several commercial seeders and enabled the establishment of dependable stands on soils with crusting tendencies.
An Evaluation of the Use of Grafted Fruit for Study of Carotenoid and Chlorophyll Changes in Regreening ‘Valencia’ Orange Peel1
Authors: Lee T. H. , Erickson L. C. , Chichester C. O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Green ‘Valencia’ oranges grafted singly onto seedling trees were placed in a lathhouse to lose chlorophyll and then transferred back to the higher temperatures of the greenhouse where the peel commenced to regreen. The peel carotenoid content of the regreened fruit declined rapidly during the first 4 weeks - a concomitant rise in peel chlorophyll content was recorded. Similar peel pigment changes were measured in regreening orchard-grown ‘Valencia’ oranges. The pulp composition of regreened fruit as measured by soluble solids and acidity showed similar trends to that of the orchard-grown fruit. The data indicate that the grafted fruit provide a convenient system for further studies of the regreening process.
Effect of Light on Cold-Hardening of Citrus Seedlings1
Authors: Yelenosky George 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cultivars of citrus, having a wide range in cold tolerance, were conditioned in controlled-environment rooms with and without light: Plants conditioned in the light were injured less than plants conditioned in the dark during subsequent freeze tests. The effect of light was more pronounced at a conditioning temperature of 15°C than at 5°C.
Influence of Summer Application of Succinic Acid-2,2-Dimethylhydrazide on Firmness of ‘Delicious’ Apples in Storage1
Authors: Bartram R. D. , Olsen K. L. , Williams M. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Delicious’ apples treated with a 1,000 ppm spray of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) at 70 to 80 days after full bloom were firmer than control fruit at harvest and remained firmer throughout the 9-month storage period.
Abscission: Regulation of Senescence, Protein Synthesis, and Enzyme Secretion By Ethylene
Authors: Abeles F. B. , Leather G. R. , Forrence L. E. , Craker L. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Over 100 years ago, German investigators reported that defoliation was associated with the proximity of leaking illuminating gas mains (15), and it remained for Neliubov to show that the active component of illuminating gas was ethylene (23). Later, La Rue (20) reported that auxin played a role in abscission because addition of auxin delayed the separation of plant parts. Support for the central role for auxin in abscission stems from the observation that a reduction of auxin content precedes abscission (22). Ethylene was shown to be produced by plant tissue by Gane (14), and increases in the rate of ethylene production during ripening and fruit abscission was shown by Nelson (24) and, during leaf abscission, by Jackson and Osborne (18). A third abscission regulator was introduced when Ohkuma and Addicott (25) demonstrated the presence of abscisic acid (ABA) in rapidly abscissing cotton bolls.
The Correlative Effect of Competition on Abscission in Apricot and Pistachio
Authors: Crane Julian C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The phenomenon of abscission in plants is influenced by several environmental factors (1). Leaf abscission in deciduous trees, for example, is associated with short photoperiods. Also, temperature, moisture, and mineral supply have all been noted to influence the abscission process. Environmental factors appear to act through their effects on the synthesis, utilization and/or depletion of nutrient substrates and hormones within the plant. Addicott (2) recently reviewed the evidence pointing to the fact that, in addition to hormones, soluble nutrients are important regulatory factors of abscission. They serve as substrates for synthesis of the hormones and are involved in the maintenance of chemical equilibria within the plant.
The Nature and Chemical Promotion of Abscission in Maturing Cherry Fruit1
Authors: Bukovac Martin J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The abscission of maturing fruit is an important process which has not been extensively studied. Earlier reports on fruit abscission in the cherry have stressed premature drop associated with failures in fruit-set (2, 20). With the development of various mechanical harvesting devices and the rapid commercial adoption of machine harvesting (14, 15), attention has now been focused on abscission of mature fruit.
1,1,5,5-Tetramethyl-3-dimethylaminodithiobiuret, A Promising New Peach Thinner1
Authors: Keil Harry L. , Fogle Harold W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sprays of 1,1,5,5-tetramethyl-3-dimethylaminodithiobiuret (MATB), when applied to peach trees during cytokinesis, thinned fruits without causing excessive leaf chlorosis or defoliation during 3 years of testing. The concn that thinned fruits satisfactorily in the cultivars tested varied between 100 and 300 ppm. MATB at 100 ppm thinned ‘Ranger’ fruits without excessive damage to leaves while at 200 and 300 ppm it produced comparable results in normal and vigorous trees, respectively, of the ‘Earlired’ cultivar. ‘Rio Oso Gem’ was thinned satisfactorily by 300 ppm. MATB appears to be a promising peach fruit-thinner for such commercially important, hard-to-thin cultivars as ‘Earlired’, ‘Rio Oso Gem’, ‘Redskin’, and ‘Redhaven’.
Calcium Level of Pear Tissues Affected with Cork and Black End1
Authors: Woodbridge C. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Low Ca level was found to be associated with the incidence of the fruit disorders “cork” or “pit” in ‘Beurre ‘d’Anjou’ (‘Anjou’) and “black end” in ‘Bartlett’ pear. Differences in the Ca level of normal and affected fruits were greatest in the peel and the stem portion of the core for ‘Anjou’ cork, and in the core portions for black end. Mg levels were not well correlated with either disorder. Affected fruit usually had higher levels of K and B than did normal fruit.
Use of 6-Benzylamino Purine and Adenine to Induce Bottom Breaks in Greenhouse Roses1
Authors: Parups E. V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The growth of lower buds and the development of bottom breaks, for the rejuvenation of greenhouse grown roses (Rosa hybrida L. cvs. Forever Yours and Regal Gold), was induced by treating buds with 6-benzylamino purine (BA) and adenine in lanolin paste in both pruned and unpruned plants.
Growth Regulator Induced Branching of Non-Pinched Poinsettias1
Authors: Carpenter W. J. , Rodriguez R. C. , Carlson W. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Foliar sprays of 6-(benzylamino)-9-(2-tetrahydropyranyl)-9H-purine (PBA) at 200 or 300 ppm and 6-benzylamino purine (BA) at 500 or 1000 ppm, caused the development of 90% or more of the lateral branches of ‘Annette Hegg’ and ‘Dark Red Annette Hegg’ poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) while 2 to 4 lateral branches developed from terminal stems of “Eckespoint C-l Red” near the position of the apical meristem. (2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) sprays increased lateral branch development significantly above the control treatment but less than PBA or BA while 2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) produced only slightly more branches than the control.
Industry Needs In Relation To Postharvest Horticulture - Processing
Authors: Floate Ray 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The assigned title suggests the enumeration of specific research needs in the area of postharvest horticulture. I question my qualifications to summarize such information so that it would prove interesting and meaningful. Instead I will use a couple of research areas in postharvest horticulture to point up the kind of relationship I would like to see exist between tax-supported horticultural research institutions and industry management.
Scrubbed Diesel Exhaust for Carbon Dioxide Enrichment of Greenhouse Vegetables1
Authors: Eisa H. M. , Leggio V. J. , Jensen M. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Diesel exhaust was used for CO2 enrichment of vegetable crops in inflated plastic houses. Fuel source and components of the recovery system crucially affected the elimination of other harmful gases. The absence of an activated charcoal filter and the use of fuel high in sulfur content increased ethylene, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and probably others. In the gas-added environment, as compared with the ambient one, lettuce grew more slowly, and leaf size and yield decreased in cucumber and eggplant. Plants were exposed to the gas-added environment for about 5 months, after which the system was discontinued. Plants did not recover, and symptoms continued despite discontinuing gas addition.
Pepper Performance After Transplant Clipping1
Authors: Jaworski C. A. , Webb R. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Keystone Resistant Giant’ and ‘Hungarian Yellow Wax Hot’ peppers (Capsicum frutescens L.), which were clipped 6 and 12 days before transplant harvest in southern U. S. fields, yielded as well as non-clipped plants. In general, pepper plants clipped 12 days prior to transplant harvest produced the best results and frequently gave significantly higher yields than the non-clipped plants. The clipping technique can be used to regulate transplant size, and transplant harvest schedules without adversely affecting fruit yield, provided the transplants are free of infectious diseases.
Effects of Plant Population, Nitrogen, and Harvest Date on Yield and Maturity of Single-Harvested Broccoli1
Authors: Cutcliffe J. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effects of various equidistant plant spacings, rate of N and harvest date on the yield and maturity of single-harvested broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) were investigated during 3 successive cropping seasons. Plant population had only a slight effect on marketable yield. Spear wt decreased and crop maturity was delayed as plant population increased. Yields were increased and maturity was slightly delayed by N top-dressing. The optimum period for single-harvest extended over 3 to 4 days and began when about 11% of the spears were over-mature.
Volatiles of Lowbush Blueberry Nectar1
Authors: Hall I. V. , Forsyth F. R. , Lightfoot H. J. , Boch R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nectar from flowers of the lowbush blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium Ait was found to evolve acetaldehyde at a rate of approx 0.047 μg/g nectar/hr and ethyl alcohol, the only other volatile detected, in smaller amounts.
Response of Dwarfed Apple Trees to Stem Injections of Gibberellic and Abscisic Acids1
Authors: Robitaille Henry , Carlson R. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Injections of 10 ppm of gibberellic acid (GA3) had increasing effects on terminal shoot growth of ‘Red Prince Delicious’ apple as rootstock vigor decreased. Injections of 100 ppm of abscisic acid (ABA) caused all trees to cease growth and to form terminal buds characteristic of summer dormancy. The most dwarfing trees responded more quickly to ABA than did the more vigorous trees.
A Further Report on Blossom Delay of Tung Trees with Succinic Acid 2,2-Dimethylhydrazide in Spray Oil1
Authors: Raese J. Thomas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Inhibition of flower bud development increased with the concn of naphthenic or paraffinic oil. In some cases, additions of 1 or 2% succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) in oil sprays reduced bud injury and resulted in more flowering terminals and fruit set than oil sprays alone. A January 1969 spray of 50% naphthenic oil with 1% SADH appeared to delay bud activity and prevent freeze injury to the flower buds in early February. Trees that were sprayed with 50% naphthenic oil and 1% SADH on February 18, 1971, withstood a freeze on March 5 and produced a partial fruit crop.
Some Plant Growth Effects under Infra-Red Heating in Greenhouses
Authors: LaCroix L. J. , Westaway S. J. , Ferguson A. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Infra-red light induced stem elongation of several species of plants. Tomato plants also had reduced fruit yield. Geraniums had wider leaves and longer internodes and flower stalks, but the no. of flower stalks was unaffected by infra-red treatment. These effects should be taken into consideration if infra-red heating is to be used in greenhouse operations.
Size of Softwood Stem Cuttings as Factors in Rooting Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) under Mist.1
Authors: Morsink W. A. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Juvenile softwood cuttings of sugar maple 35 and 55 cm long rooted between 75 and 89%; cuttings longer or shorter rooted less. Within 15 to 55 cm lengths, thick cuttings rooted better than thin cuttings.
Introduction to the Symposium
Authors: Hollis W. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
“Seed, the germ of life - handle and use with care. ” Perhaps such a statement should appear boldly on all packets, cartons, and bags of seed to emphasize how precious the commodity really is. Agriculture and man's survival depends above all else on seed. As agricultural technology has progressed, greater and greater demands have been placed on seed, specifically with respect to performance. To inaugurate seed quality is not enough, we must also maintain it through to the successful establishment of a successive generation. Performance in the farmer's field is the ultimate test of seed quality.