bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of genetic variants of the HIV-1 circulating in the Irkutsk region in 1999 and 2012
Authors: Lebedev A. V. , Neshumaev D. A. , Kazennova E. V. , Lapovok I. A. , Laga V. Yu. , Tumanov A. S. , Glushchenko N. V. , Plotnikova Yu. K. , Ponomareva O. A. , Yarygina E. I. , Bobkova M. R. 
Published: May 2022

The pol and env genome regions of the HIV-1 genetic variants circulating in the irkutsk region of russia in 1999 and 2012 were compared. The results of this work showed the dominance of the HIV-1 subtype a IDU-A genetic variant (100%) in this region. No primary resistance mutations in the pol gene in the treatment-naive patients were found. The heterogeneity of the viral population was found to be significantly increased based on the pol and env analysis among HIV-variants isolated in 2012 (12.88% and 2.16%) from the intravenous drug users as compared to HIV-variants that caused the outbreak of the HIV infection in 1999 (1.64% and 0.47%). In addition, the comparison of genetic distances of the pol and env gene sequences in the viruses isolated in 2012 from the HIV-positive persons infected through heterosexual intercourse and intravenous drug use demonstrated that the transmission route influenced the variability of the virus population. Among the viruses of IDU-A variant circulating in the area in 2012 the prevalence of X4-tropic variants was 24.7%.
Modern Southern Junggar Foreland Basin System Adjacent to the Northern Tian Shan, Northwestern China
Authors: Li Chao , Wang Shengli , Wang Yanjun , He Zhiyuan , Wei Dongtao , Jia Dong , Chen Yan , Chen Guohui , Xue Fei , Li Yunjian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBuilding-up of the modern Tian Shan range due to the India-Eurasia collision induces the flexural subsidence of the southern Junggar block. The sedimentary infill and subsidence in the southern Junggar foreland basin recorded the growth of the northern Tian Shan. We analyze four seismic profiles, well logging data, and trends in stream morphology in the foreland basin to decipher its architecture, and stratigraphic and subsidence history. The southern Junggar foreland basin system can be divided into the northern Tian Shan wedge-top, Lakes Aiby-Fangcao-Baijiahai foredeep and Luliang forebulge and backbulge depozones. The seismic profiles present the active shortening structures in the wedge top and the northward thinning and onlapping Neogene-Quaternary foreland sequence in the foredeep. The growth strata and unconformities separating the growth and pregrowth strata in the upper part of the foreland sequence are identified in the wedge top depozone. This indicates that the competition between active local folding relief and regional bedrock subsidence determines erosion versus deposition in the wedge top. The logging data of well GQ2 reveal that the present wedge-top depozone evolved from distal lake sedimentation, probably in a foredeep setting, to a braided river in a modern piedmont setting. These lines of sedimentary evidence and the active shortening structures reveal the northward migration process of the southern Junggar foreland basin driven by the northward propagation of the Tian Shan since the Neogene. The north-northeast dipping topography of the northern Tian Shan thrust wedge controls the north-northeastward flowing of all the rivers in the wedge top, and these rivers’ flowing direction changes in the foredeep depozone where the tectonic landform flatten out. Growth of anticlines in the front of the wedge-top depozone may have triggered a northward migration of the meandering channel of the Manas river in its lower reach. The transition between the trends of the stream morphology in the wedge top and foredeep depozones suggests the control of the structures of the foreland basin system on trends in stream morphology.
Improving the Red-Black tree delete algorithm
Authors: ZEGOUR Djamel Eddine 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Today, Red-Black trees are becoming a popular data structure typically used to implement dictionaries, associative arrays, symbol tables within some compilers (C++, Java …) and many other systems. In this paper, we present an improvement of the delete algorithm of this kind of binary search tree. The proposed algorithm is very promising since it colors differently the tree while reducing color changes by a factor of about 29%. Moreover, the maintenance operations re-establishing Red-Black tree balance properties are reduced by a factor of about 11%. As a consequence, the proposed algorithm saves about 4% on running time when insert and delete operations are used together while conserving search performance of the standard algorithm.
Peer Support in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): A Systematic Review
Authors: Adriano Ada , Thompson Dean Mark , McMullan Christel , Price Malcolm , Moore David , Booth Lesley , Mathers Jonathan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The support provided by people with the same condition, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has the potential to improve a range of psychosocial outcomes by allowing people with the disease to receive emotional support as well as to learn coping strategies from more experienced peers. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the evidence on peer support interventions and their effectiveness on people with IBD.Methods: Bibliographic databases, conference proceedings, grey literature, and clinical trial registers were searched from inception to November 2021. Comparative and single-arm studies that evaluated interventions that were solely or contained in part peer support, on people with IBD and/or their carers were included. Effectiveness was evaluated in a range of outcomes relating to physical and psychosocial function, disease control and healthcare utilisation. Data for each of the outcomes were tabulated and presented in narrative synthesis. Study design specific tools were used to assess risk of bias in duplicate.Results: Fourteen completed studies and five ongoing studies met the inclusion criteria. Substantial heterogeneity was observed in the studies in relation to the intervention type. Overall, no significant evidence of beneficial effects of peer support interventions on quality of life and other psychosocial outcomes was found. As all but one of the included studies analysed only the total effect of the interventions, it was not possible to isolate the effect of the peer support components. The appropriateness of outcomes and outcome measurement tools for the assessment of the effects of peer support interventions was a key issue. Conclusions: New randomised controlled trials are needed to evaluate the (net) effects of peer support only. Agreement on the choice of reliable and validated measurement tools and on the outcomes to be targeted by standalone peer support interventions would provide a focus for further intervention design and evaluation.Systematic review registration: The protocol was accepted in the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO CRD42020168817). This work was part supported by a grant from Bowel Research UK.
Analytical description and Numerical Simulation of Platform leveling mechanism
Authors: Aboelnor Mootaz Ebraheem 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Design methodology of moving platform leveling mechanism is introduced based on operational limitation of ground level within tilt and pitch angles of “-2o to + 2o “ referenced to horizontal plane. Three point support platform leveling mechanism is designed such that it contains moving base (bottom platform), levelled platform (top platform) and leveling linkages (for tilt and pitch orientation restore). The proposed leveling mechanism operates such that leveling achieved by a sequential angular displacement of tilt link and pitch link. An analytical kinematics model based on loop-closure constraint equations is proposed describing the relation between platform tilt - pitch due to ground level status and corresponding tilt link and pitch link angular displacement to restore the top platform level parallel to reference horizontal plane. A 3D CAD model of the proposed leveling mechanism is constructed and a numerical simulation of tilt and pith links angular displacement to restore top platform leveling for different moving base orientation due to ground leveling status is carried out to validate the proposed mechanism kinematics and analysis of mechanism behavior while restoring top platform leveling.
Development and Validation of the Attitude towards Surrogacy Scale in a Polish Sample
Authors: Lutkiewicz Karolina , Bieleninik Łucja , Jurek Paweł , Bidzan Mariola 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Surrogacy is one of the options in reproductive medicine that raises a lot of ethical, legal and psychological controversy. Surveying attitudes toward surrogacy plays an important role in building awareness of this phenomenon in the society, which may help eliminate its stigma. In this study authors aimed to develop and validate a scale to examine the attitudes towards surrogacy in a polish population.Methods: In this study cross-sectional design was implemented. Development process of the Attitude towards Surrogacy Scale (ATSS) included items development based on literature reviews, other existing questionnaires, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and reliability analysis using internal consistence coefficients. A pilot study using convenience sampling was conducted after consultation with the Expert Advisory Panel Board. The final survey, which was used in this study, consisted of 24 items, which were organized into the four subscales: general opinion on surrogacy and its social context (7 items), financing and legalizing surrogacy (8 items), the acceptance of surrogacy (4 items), and attitudes towards the intended parents and children born through surrogacy (5 items). 442 individuals participated in this study.Results: The final version of Attitude towards Surrogacy Scale (ATSS) consists of 15 items, grouped in three subscales: opinion on surrogacy ethical context, financing and legalizing surrogacy, and an acceptance of surrogacy.Conclusion: This is the first scale in Poland for the assessment of general attitudes towards surrogacy. This measure allows to capture the opinions towards three aspects of surrogacy: surrogacy’s ethical context, the financing and legalizing surrogacy, and acceptance of surrogacy. The scale can be addressed to various groups in the population, not only for studies related to reproductive medicine.
Theoretical model for glucose detection in urine samples using heterogeneous layered surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor
Authors: Salahuddin Mohammad , Jothilingam Sivapriya , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Uniyal Arun , Pal Amrindra 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The glucose detection in urine samples using surface plasmon resonance sensor is proposed in the current study.The dual silver metal nano layers ( 45 nm and 7 nm) with MXene (0.993 nm) and graphene (0.34 nm) is used following Kretschmann configuration. The zinc oxide (2nm) thin film is employed for adhesion purpose.The proposed sensor performance has been evaluated with different performance 1 Springer Nature 2021 LATEX template 2 Article Title parameters like sensitivity (S), full width half maximum (FWHM) , detection accuracy (DA) and quality factor (Q) .The highest values computed for glucose detection (10 g/dL) are 129.83 Degree/RIU (S), 3.31 Degree (FWHM) 0.302 Degree−1 (DA) and 39.2 RIU−1 (Q). The maximum sensitivity of 184 Degree/RIU with values of DA, FWHM and quality factor as 0.148 Degree−1 , 6.756 Degree, 27.23 RIU−1 has been evaluated for single MXene and nine graphene layers.
Identification and expression of functionally conserved circadian clock genes in lichen-forming fungi
Authors: Valim Henrique F , Grande Francesco Dal , Otte Jürgen , Singh Garima , Merges Dominik , Schmitt Imke 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Lichen-forming fungi establish stable symbioses with green algae or cyanobacteria. Many species have broad distributions, both in geographic and ecological space, making them ideal subjects to study organism-environment interactions. However, little is known about the specific mechanisms that contribute to environmental adaptation in lichen-forming fungi. The circadian clock provides a well-described mechanism that contributes to regional adaptation across a variety of species, including fungi. Here, we identify the putative circadian clock components in phylogenetically divergent lichen-forming fungi. The core circadian genes (frq, wc-1, wc-2, frh) are present across the Fungi, including 31 lichen-forming species, and their evolutionary trajectories mirror overall fungal evolution. Comparative analyses of the clock genes indicate conserved domain architecture among lichen- and non-lichen-forming taxa. We used RT-qPCR to examine the core circadian loop of two unrelated lichen-forming fungi, Umbilicaria pustulata (Lecanoromycetes) and Dermatocarpon miniatum (Eurotiomycetes), to determine that the putative frq gene is activated in a light-dependent manner similar to the model fungus Neurospora crassa. Together, these results demonstrate that lichen-forming fungi retain functional light-responsive mechanisms, including a functioning circadian clock. Our findings provide a stepping stone into investigating the circadian clock in the lichen symbiosis, e.g. its role in adaptation and in synchronizing the symbiotic interaction.
Genetic parameters for visual scores, growth and carcass traits in Nellore Cattle
Authors: Soares Byanka Bueno , Brunes Ludmilla Costa , Baldi Fernando , Carmo Adriana Santana do , Pereira Letícia Silva , Carvalho Rafael Assunção , Narciso Marcelo Gonçalves , Amorim Sabrina Thaise , Sainz Roberto Daniel , Magnabosco Cláudio Ulhôa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Growth and carcass traits are essential selection criteria for beef cattle breeding programs. However, it is necessary to combine these measurements with body composition traits to meet the demand of the consumer market. This study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters for visual scores, growth (pre and post-weaning weights), and carcass (rib eye area (REA), back and rump fat thickness) traits in Nellore cattle using Bayesian inference. Data from 12,060 animals belonging to the HoRa Hofig Ramos farm were used. Morphological traits were evaluated by the MERCOS methodology. The heritability estimates obtained ranged from low to high magnitude, from 0.15 to 0.28 for visual scores, 0.13 to 0.44 for growth, and from 0.42 to 0.46 for carcass traits. Genetic correlations between traits of visual scores and growth were generally of moderate to high magnitudes, however, visual scores showed low correlations with carcass traits, except between REA and sacral bone and structure. Selection for visual score traits can lead to favorable responses in body weight and vice versa. Morphological categorical traits can be used as complementary tools that add value to selection.
Carbon Emission Trading Scheme Pilot Program and the Degree of Corporate Environmental Information Disclosure: Evidence from China
Authors: Li Peilun , Zhang Huilin , Yang Caiting , Zhang Jiafeng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Improving the degree of corporate environmental information disclosure to increase their environmental responsibility, is a key measure to reduce carbon emissions and achieve "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality". This paper examines the effect of carbon emission trading scheme (ETS) pilot program on the degree of corporate environmental information disclosure by adopting the difference-in-difference (DID) method, using enterprises high-carbon emitting industries as the experimental group and the data of listed enterprises in seven pilot regions in China from 2006 to 2020. The study finds that ETS pilot program significantly improves the degree of corporate environmental information disclosure, specifically, the implementation of ETS pilot program significantly improves the degree of corporate environmental information disclosure by 40.18%. The finding is robust, passing the parallel trend test, and the results persist after changing the measure of the dependent variable, shortening the sample year span, adopting the PSM-DID method, adopting the difference-in-difference-in-difference (DDD) method, and performing placebo test. The mechanism is that the implementation of ETS pilot program will motivate companies to increase their investment in environmental protection and promote their technological progress, which makes them capable and confident to improve the degree their environmental information disclosure. Further study finds that the effect of ETS pilot program to improve the degree of corporate environmental information disclosure is more significant when the enterprises are in the eastern region, when the enterprises are larger, and when the enterprises are more profitable.
Evidence of Noncollinear Spin Texture in Magnetic Moiré Superlattices
Authors: Xie Hongchao , Luo Xiangpeng , Ye Zhipeng , Ye Gaihua , Ge Haiwen , Yan Shaohua , Fu Yang , Tian Shang-Jie , Lei Hechang , Sun Kai , He Rui , Zhao Liuyan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Moiré magnetism, parallel with moiré electronics that has led to novel correlated and topological electronic states, emerges as a new venue to design and control exotic magnetic phases in twisted magnetic two-dimensional (2D) crystals. Noncollinear spin texture emerging from twisted 2D magnets with collinear spins is the most profound consequence of moiré magnetism and forms the basis for realizing novel magnetic orders and excitations. Yet, no direct experimental observation of noncollinear spins in moiré magnets have been made despite recent theoretical and experimental efforts. Here, we report the evidence of noncollinear spin texture in 2D twisted double bilayer (tDB) magnet chromium triiodide (CrI3). By studying the magnetic field dependent magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) in tDB CrI3, we distinguished the noncollinear spins with a gradual spin flop process from the collinear spins with sudden spin flip transitions, and identified a net magnetization emerging from the collinear spins. By examining the twist angle dependence, we demonstrated that both noncollinear spins and net magnetization are present at twist angles from 0.5^o to 5^o, but are most prominent in the 1.1^o tDB CrI3. By tracking the temperature dependent MCD of the 1.1^o tDB CrI3, we further resolved a new critical temperature of 22 K, for the onset of the net magnetization and the softening of the noncollinear spins, which is dramatically suppressed from the Néel temperature of 45 K for natural few layers. Our results establish the emergence of noncollinear spins from magnetic moiré superlattices and provide a versatile platform to explore nontrivial magnetism with noncollinear spins.
A machine learning analysis of the relationship between some underlying medical conditions and COVID-19 susceptibility
Authors: Rezapour Mostafa , Varady Colin A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
For the past couple years, the Coronavirus, commonly known as COVID-19, has significantly affected the daily lives of all citizens residing in the United States by imposing several, fatal health risks that cannot go unnoticed. In response to the growing fear and danger COVID-19 inflicts upon societies in the USA, several vaccines and boosters have been created as a permanent remedy for individuals to take advantage of. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the COVID-19 vaccines and boosters and the total case count for the Coronavirus across multiple states in the USA. Additionally, this paper discusses the relationship between several, selected underlying health conditions with COVID-19. To discuss these relationships effectively, this paper will utilize statistical tests and machine learning methods for analysis and discussion purposes. Furthermore, this paper reflects upon conclusions made about the relationship between educational attainment, race, and COVID-19 and the possible connections that can be established with underlying health conditions, vaccination rates, and COVID-19 total case and death counts.
Engineering topological band conduction into KTaO3’s two-dimensional electron gases
Authors: Cheng Zhi Gang , Zou Yuting , Shin Hyungki , Wei Haoran , Davidson Bruce , Zou Ke 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) systems generated at oxide interfaces that exhibit novel physics phenomena have opened up a new era for oxide-based electronics, photonics, and spintronics. The recent discovery of superconductivity plus the strong spin-orbital coupling naturally existing in the 2DEGs of KTaO3 (KTO) makes KTO an exciting platform for the interplay of the electronic and spin degree of freedom to create new physical properties. By directly placing KTO’s 2DEGs next to another strongly-correlated oxide with nontrivial topological nodes, we reveal direct evidence of topological states in the electronic transport properties of the KTO’s 2DEGs, due to the electronic reconstruction caused by the proximity effect. This adds potential for new functionality in KTO heterostructures.
Is Consumers` Green Purchase Behaviour Influenced by Companies' Green Marketing Communication? An empirical Analysis
Authors: Correia Elisabete , Sousa Sara , Larguinho Manuela , Viseu Clara 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study aims to explore whether consumers` attention to companies` green communication influences their green purchase behavior. It also proposes to analyse the importance of consumers` characteristics, namely gender, education, and green attitudes in their attention to companies` green marketing communication. An online survey was carried out on the population residing in Portugal over 18 years of age, allowing to collect 690 valid responses. Data analysis techniques were used, including descriptive analyses, parametric and non-parametric tests, linear correlation and regression analysis. The achieved results allow us to affirm that consumers are attentive to the companies' green marketing communication. It was also identified a strong correlation between consumers` attention to companies` green marketing communication and green purchasing behavior. The results also confirm that individuals with higher educational levels, green attitudes and females are the most attentive to companies` green marketing communication.