bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is rationing of total hip arthroplasty justified? Working to optimize patient accessibility to surgery using long-term patient-reported outcome data
Authors: Walker Robert W. , Whitehouse Sarah L. , Howell Jonathan R. , Hubble Matthew J. W. , Timperley A. John , Wilson Matthew J. , Kassam Al-Amin M. 
Published: March 2022

Aims The aim of this study was to assess medium-term improvements following total hip arthroplasty (THA), and to evaluate what effect different preoperative Oxford Hip Score (OHS) thresholds for treatment may have on patients’ access to THA and outcomes. Methods Patients undergoing primary THA at our institution with an OHS both preoperatively and at least four years postoperatively were included. Rationing thresholds were explored to identify possible deprivation of OHS improvement. Results Overall, 2,341 patients were included. Mean OHS was 19.7 (SD 8.2) preoperatively and 39.7 (SD 9.8) at latest follow-up. An improvement of at least eight-points, the minimally important change (MIC), was seen in 2,072 patients (88.5%). The mean improvement was 20.0 points (SD 10.5). If a rationing threshold of OHS of 20 points had been enforced, 90.8% of those treated would have achieved the MIC, but only 54.3% of our cohort would have had access to surgery; increasing this threshold to 32 would have enabled 89.5% of those treated to achieve the MIC while only depriving 6.5% of our cohort. The ‘rationed’ group of OHS > 20 had significantly better OHS at latest follow-up (42.6 vs 37.3; p < 0.001), while extending the rationing threshold above 32 showed postoperative scores were more significantly affected by the ceiling effect of the OHS. Conclusion The OHS was not designed as a tool to ration healthcare, but if it had been used at our institution for this cohort, applying an OHS threshold of 20 to routine THA access would have excluded nearly half of patients from having a THA; a group in which over 85% had a significant improvement in OHS. Where its use for rationing is deemed necessary, use of a higher threshold may be more appropriate to ensure a better balance between patient access to treatment and chances of achieving good to excellent outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(3):196–204.
Strength Properties of Full-Size Oriented Strand Board Panels Following Submergence in Potable and Salt Water
Authors: Strayhorn Tyler , Mitchell Phil , Tilotta David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
One of the largest contributors to the economic loss from floods is the complete or partial destruction of residential buildings, and finding ways to eliminate or minimize this loss is important. Oriented strand board (OSB) is a wood product commonly used in home construction, so a better understanding of how flood water affects its mechanical properties is warranted. In this study, the moduli of elasticity and rupture (MOE and MOR, respectively) of representative samples removed from full-size (4 by 8-ft [1.2 by 2.4 m]) OSB panels were examined following the submergence of the panels in potable and salt water (surrogates for flood water) for increasing periods of time (i.e., 8, 24, 48, 72, 168, and 336 h). The results of our study show that after 8 hours of panel submersion in potable water, MOR and MOE is reduced by 15 percent and 16 percent, respectively; no significant change was observed in MOR and MOE for panels soaked in salt water. After 168 hours, the MOR loss was 43 percent for panels soaked in potable water and 38 percent for panels soaked in salt water. For MOE, there was a 35 percent loss regardless of water type. Submersion of panels in either water type for an additional 168 hours resulted in no significant change in MOR or MOE. The MOR and MOE of samples removed from the edges of the submerged panels, for both water types, were lower than those of the interior samples. Finally, the decreases in average MOR and MOE following submergence in either water type were approximately independent of brand.
A Preliminary Assessment of Industry 4.0 and Digitized Manufacturing in the North American Woodworking Industry
Authors: Bumgardner Matthew , Buehlmann Urs 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Industry 4.0, a term referring to the digitization of manufacturing, enhanced automation, and data-driven production systems, promises to bring rapid change to the secondary woodworking industry. Manufacturers in this sector, many being small in size and scale, may be challenged to remain competitive without understanding how Industry 4.0 principles might affect their operations. A study conducted with subscribers to a major secondary wood industry trade journal found that few North American woodworking companies were familiar with the term “Industry 4.0.” However, that did not mean they were not making decisions about, investing in, and implementing digitization–computerization (digit–comp) in their manufacturing operations. Well over half of study respondents indicated that their firms had made a significant investment in digit–comp over the past 3 years. Several respondents stated that software and technology integration was the most unexpected problem encountered, and that skilled labor was difficult to find. A variety of training types were sought by firms that had made significant Industry 4.0-related investments, especially training related to machine operation. Although a plurality of respondents from both small and large firms indicated that increased digit–comp would not change their number of employees, small firms were more likely to say more employees would be needed and large firms were more likely to perceive a decrease in employees. Perhaps the greatest challenge to successful implementation of Industry 4.0 will be the lack of a strategic plan—just 19 percent of small firms indicated having a vision of how digitization might affect their business.
Der Konjunktiv II in Salzburger Varietäten: Grammatik, Gebrauch, soziale Faktoren
Authors: Niehaus Konstantin , Kaiser Irmtraud , Mauser Peter 
Published: March 2022

If one looks for linguistic information on the past subjunctive (Konjunktiv II) in Salzburg, there is not much to obtain. A few studies have commented on its morphology in dialect (Mauser 1998 und 2021a), the atlases of colloquial German (Eichhoff 1977–2000; Elspaß/Möller 2003–) provide some general insights as to the use of analytical forms, other studies aim at a broader scope on Bavarian dialects (e. g. Wiesinger 1989; Donhauser 1992). This article gives a first more detailed account. We present findings from a traditional dialectological investigation (relying on on-site interviews using a questionnaire) as well as a variationist analysis of online questionnaire data on colloquial Salzburg varieties. The dialectological analysis focuses on language-internal factors such as analytic vs. synthetic construction and variation of endings but also shows strong differences between the northern Flachgau, which surrounds the capital of Salzburg, and the remote and more rural southern Lungau. The online questionnaire allows for a quantitative inspection of the use of Konjunktiv II forms of brauchen, i. e. analytical vs. synthetical, (non-)use of umlaut, inflection with -ert/-at and -te. Statistical analysis shows that the participants’ preferences correlate with their age, region of origin, degree of education, and mobility: Younger speakers indicate the use of analytical forms more frequently, and standard (or near-standard) forms are favoured by participants near or directly from the city of Salzburg and those of higher education and mobility. In the end, we will shortly discuss the comparability of our outcomes and future research avenues, especially with regard to the Salzburg region and its neighbouring dialect areas.
Die Konjunktiv-II-Bildung im Kontext von Partikelverben in den Basisdialekten Salzburgs
Authors: Quehenberger Sonja , Bülow Lars , Vergeiner Philip C. 
Published: March 2022

Focusing on phrasal verbs such as einbringen ‘to harvest’ or abbringen ‘to dissuade’, the aim of the present exploratory apparent-time study is to uncover factors affecting the subjunctive II formation in the traditional base dialects of Salzburg (Austria). Depending on whether the subjunctive II formation is synthetic or periphrastic, phrasal verbs are formed in contact position (e. g., würde/täte abbringen ‘would dissuade’) or in distance position (e. g. brächte ab ‘would dissuade’) between particle and verb stem.
In order to examine which subjunctive II variants are used for 15 phrasal verbs in the traditional dialects of Salzburg, an indirect survey was carried out with 25 informants in six rural locations. These villages are spread across the three dialect areas (West-Central Bavarian, South-Central Bavarian, and South Bavarian) cutting through the federal state of Salzburg. Furthermore, the subjunctive II formation of the phrasal verbs is compared to that of the simple verbs (e. g., bringen ‘to bring’) corresponding to the derivational bases of the respective phrasal verbs investigated (e. g., einbringen or abbringen). In addition to linguistic and areal factors, sociolinguistic factors (age and gender) are taken into account.
Results show that the subjunctive II formation of phrasal verbs differs significantly from that of simple verbs: compared to the corresponding simple verbs, the informants used the phrasal verbs significantly more often with periphrastic variants. It is argued that this tendency is related to specific semantic-lexical and morpho-syntactic properties of phrasal verbs. Regarding the areal distribution, there are differences between the individual locations. These differences do not correlate with the traditional dialect regions but can be traced back to the socio-demographic characteristics of the locations (number of inhabitants, transport connections, tourism etc.). Moreover, age proves to be a relevant factor: there is a statistically significant difference in both, simple verbs and phrasal verbs, with the younger informants preferring the periphrastic variants.
Der Konjunktiv II in den ruralen Basisdialekten Österreichs.
Authors: Vergeiner Philip C. , Bülow Lars 
Published: March 2022

Until today, variation and change in the use of subjunctive II variants in the dialects of Austria have been poorly studied. Largely neglected by traditional dialectology, even more recent studies neither consider all dialect regions of Austria, nor do they go into detail about intra-linguistic factors. Furthermore, an integration into morpho-syntactic theories of language change is missing.
This paper addresses the above-mentioned desiderata. Using an apparent-time design, it intends to uncover linguistic, geographical, and sociolinguistic factors of variation and change in the use of subjunctive II variants in Austria’s dialects. In order to achieve these goals, a comprehensive corpus of direct dialect recordings is analysed by means of various quantitative methods (cluster analyses, factor analyses, mixed variance analyses). Data are based on the dialect translations of 21 verb forms by 163 speakers from 40 locations (3,430 tokens).
Overall, results show that periphrastic variants spread in the Austrian dialects, in particular periphrastic forms with the täte-auxiliary. Meanwhile, synthetic forms lose importance (both strong and weak synthetic forms). Moreover, results reveal significant verb-related differences which cannot be explained by their belonging to inflectional classes, as previous studies suggested. Instead, the 21 verbs studied can be divided into six clusters reflecting different stages in the spread of periphrastic forms. In terms of linguistic geography, Austria is divided into three parts with regard to subjunctive II variation: an Alemannic region in the west, a north-western Bavarian area, and a south-eastern Bavarian area. With respect to sociolinguistic factors, gender is hardly a relevant factor, whereas age turns out to be decisive. Younger speakers use periphrastic forms more often and synthetic variants less often. Finally, these empirical findings will be discussed against the background of the theory of Natural Morphology.
Hierarchische Eignungsprüfung von externen (Open) Data Sets für unternehmensinterne Analytics- und Machine-Learning-Projekte
Authors: Kaiser Matthias , Stirnweiß Dominic , Wederhake Lars 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungUnternehmen erkennen zunehmend die Bedeutung evidenzbasierter Entscheidungen. Insbesondere die zunehmende Nutzung unternehmensexterner und offener Datensätze (Open Data) fördert die Möglichkeiten evidenzbasierter Entscheidungen. Dabei basieren evidenzbasierte Entscheidungen mit diesen Datensätzen immer häufiger auf Analysen, welche mittels maschineller Lernverfahren bzw. Machine Learning (ML) vorbereitet oder durchgeführt werden. Weil der Inhalt und die Qualität und damit der Nutzen eines Datensatzes für solche Analyseverfahren im Vorfeld ungewiss ist, stellt die Auswahl und die Beschaffung von geeigneten Daten unabhängig vom ML-Verfahren eine Kernherausforderung dar. Dieser Beitrag stellt deshalb zum Zwecke der Effizienz ein hierarchisches Vorgehen vor. Mit diesem können schemabasierte Datensätze strukturiert und effektiv dahingehend überprüft werden, ob deren Qualität und inhaltliche Fit für einen bestimmten Anwendungsfall (z. B. eine wiederkehrende Entscheidungssituation) ausreichend ist. Im Beitrag beschreiben wir einen Anwendungsfall aus dem Bereich der datengestützten Energieverbrauchsprognose für Wohngebäude, bei dem der Aufwand für die Datensatzauswahl reduziert werden konnte.
KI-gestütztes Recruiting – technische Grundlagen, wirtschaftliche Chancen und Risiken sowie ethische und soziale Herausforderungen
Authors: Wilke Gwendolin , Bendel Oliver 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungBei der Rekrutierung von neuen Mitarbeitern und Mitarbeiterinnen setzen Firmen heute vermehrt auf die Unterstützung durch künstliche Intelligenz (KI). Die technischen Möglichkeiten reichen von Vorauswahlgesprächen mit Chatbots über die automatisierte Auswertung schriftlicher Bewerbungsdossiers hinsichtlich Fachkompetenz und Erfahrung bis hin zur maschinellen Analyse von Videobewerbungen zur Bewertung von Softskills wie Selbstvertrauen, Enthusiasmus oder Kommunikationsfähigkeit. Auch Lernplattformen werden zur Vorauswahl und Überprüfung eingesetzt. Der Artikel erklärt die technischen Grundlagen und Möglichkeiten des KI-gestützten Recruitings und zeigt wirtschaftliche Chancen und Risiken auf. Ethische und soziale Herausforderungen werden diskutiert und verständliche und umsetzbare Handlungsempfehlungen für Unternehmen unterbreitet, damit sie rechtliche Vorgaben und ethische Richtlinien einhalten und auf Kritik reagieren können.
Feasibility of a home-based physiotherapy intervention to promote post-stroke mobility: A randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Jarbandhan Ameerani , Toelsie Jerry , Veeger DirkJan , Bipat Robbert , Vanhees Luc , Buys Roselien 
Published: March 2022

Objectives
Home-based physiotherapy interventions to improve post-stroke mobility are successful in high-income countries. These programs require less resources compared to center-based programs. However, feasibility of such an intervention in a low and middle-income setting remains unknown. Therefore, the SunRISe (Stroke Rehabilitation In Suriname) study aimed to assess feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a home-based semi-supervised physiotherapy intervention to promote post-stroke mobility in a low resource setting.

Design
Prospective randomized controlled trial.

Methods
Chronic stroke patients were recruited and randomized into either an intervention group (IG (N = 20)) or a control group (CG (N = 10)). The IG received a 3-days-a-week home-based physiotherapy program that was supervised in the first 4 weeks and tele-supervised during the second 4 weeks. The physiotherapy program consisted of walking as well as functional and mobilization exercises. The CG received usual care. Feasibility outcome measures included adherence, patient satisfaction and safety. Efficacy measures included functional exercise tolerance (six-minute walking test (6MWT), functional balance (Berg Balance Score (BBS), upper extremity (UE) function (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Questionnaire), and UE strength ((non-)paretic handgrip (HG) strength). Two-way analysis of variance was used for data analysis.

Results
Thirty participants (61.8 ± 9.2 years old, 13 men) were enrolled in the study. The intervention was completed by 14 participants (70%). Adherence was affected by rainy season associated infrastructural problems (n = 2), the medical status of participants (n = 3) and insufficient motivation to continue the program without direct supervision (n = 1). No adverse events were noted and participants were satisfied with the program. Functional exercise tolerance (57.2 ± 67.3m, p = 0.02) and UE function (-9.8 ± 15.2, p = 0.04) improved in the IG compared to no change in the CG. HG strength was unaltered and a ceiling effect occurred for BBS.

Conclusion
Our home-based semi-supervised physiotherapy intervention seems safe, associated with moderate to high levels of engagement and patient satisfaction and results in functional improvements.
Cloning and prokaryotic expression of WRKY48 from Caragana intermedia
Authors: Liu Jinhua , Wang Ruigang , Li Guojing , Wan Yongqing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Caragana intermedia (C. intermedia) is a kind of drought-tolerant leguminous shrub. WRKY transcription factors are one of the largest family of transcription factors in plants and play critical regulatory roles in stress tolerance and the development of plants. In our study, CiWRKY48 was cloned from C. intermedia, analyzed using bioinformatics software, and expressed with a prokaryotic expression system. The results showed that the open reading frame (ORF) of CiWRKY48 was 1158bp, the molecular weight (MW) was 42 kDa, and its subcellular localization was in the nucleus. Additionally, fusion protein was obtained, and confirmed by western blotting. The stress resistance of the pET30a-His-MBP-CiWRKY48 transformed Escherichia coli expression strain was reduced under mannitol and salt treatment, compared with the control. Overall, our findings provided a foundation for uncovering the function of CiWRKY48.
Problems with the Highest Good
Authors: Fugate Courtney D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, I want to focus not on the problems that I believe may threaten Kant’s account of the highest good, but instead on those that I believe threaten the majority of the interpretive reconstructions attempted by commentators and thus prevent the emergence of a consensus in the near future. My goal is to set forth exactly four problems to which I believe any successful interpretation or reconstruction of Kant’s account of the highest good will have to provide substantive solutions and, in doing so, either break new theoretical ground or at least provide a more comprehensive methodology for sorting through the texts.
Fluorescence microscope observation of the structure of a calcium alginate hydrogel
Authors: Aoyagi Minoru 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Calcium alginate hydrogels are used in a wide range of applications in the food, medical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. I have studied a calcium alginate hydrogel as an ultrasound phantom material. This hydrogel is formed using sodium alginate, calcium sulfate dihydrate, trisodium phosphate 12-hydrate, glycerol, and water, and mimics the ultrasound properties of human soft tissue. In this study, the structure of the calcium alginate hydrogel was observed with a fluorescence microscope after staining with the calcium indicator calcein. Two types of hydrogel structures, tape-like and thread-like, were observed by this method. The thread-like structures were rare in the hydrogel, which made them more difficult to find than the tape-like structures. These structures were several micrometers in diameter and longer than the tape-like structures, which were several micrometers to several tens of micrometers wide. The thread-like structures spread out in three dimensions, and existed singly or in aggregates. The outer shape of the aggregated thread-like structures resembled the shape of the tape-like structures, which suggested that the tape-like structures were made up of thread-like structures. The tape-like and thread-like structures are thought to contribute to retention of water, which is the main component of a hydrogel, by surrounding it.
Statistical analysis of phase values for the determination of step heights in multi-wavelength interferometry
Authors: Krause Corinna , Bergmann Ralf B. , Falldorf Claas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To determine step heights between a few nanometers and several micrometers, we present a statistical evaluation procedure which overcomes the limitations of the unambiguity range of conventional multi-wavelength interferometry. The experimental setup consists of a shear interferometer with two different wavelengths to measure the phase difference between light reflected from an object with regions of two different heights. The statistical averaging over a large area of both regions of the object for both wavelengths generates a pair of phase difference values. A diagram of the space of phase values converts the pair of phase difference values into a step height. This statistical method enables the determination of step heights greater than the synthetic wavelength with an accuracy of a few nanometers even with small tilts of the object.
Construction and effect evaluation of different sciatic nerve injury models in rats
Authors: Siwei Qu , Ma Ning , Wang Weixin , Chen Sen , Wu Qi , Li Yangqun , Yang Zhe 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
The most commonly used experimental model for preclinical studies on peripheral nerve regeneration is the sciatic nerve injury model. However, no experimental study has been conducted to evaluate acute injury modes at the same time.

Objective
We conducted sciatic nerve transverse injury, clamp injury, keep epineurium and axon cutting injury, and chemical damage injury in rats to evaluate the degree of damage of the four different injury modes and the degree of self-repair after injury.

Methods
The sciatic nerve transverse injury model, clamp injury model, keep epineurium injury model, and chemical damage injury model were constructed. Then, the sciatic nerve function was assessed using clinical evaluation methods and electrophysiological examinations, as well as immunofluorescence and axonal counting assessments of the reconstructed nerve pathways.

Results
The evaluations showed that the transverse group had the lowest muscle action potential, sciatic functional index, nociceptive threshold, mechanical threshold, rate of wet gastrocnemius muscle weight, area of muscle fiber, and numbers of myelinated nerve fibers. The chemical group had the highest, while the clamp group and the keep epineurium group had medium.

Conclusion
Transverse injury models have the most stable effect among all damage models; chemical injury models self-recover quickly and damage incompletely with poor stability of effect; and clamp injury models and keep epineurium injury models have no significant differences in many ways with medium stability.