bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a new risk scoring system for solid tumor patients with suspected infection
Authors: Chae Bora , Kim Seonok , Lee Yoon-Seon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to develop a new prognostic model for predicting 30-day mortality in solid tumor patients with suspected infection. This study is a retrospective cohort study and was conducted from August 2019 to December 2019 at a single center. Adult active solid tumor patients with suspected infection were enrolled among visitors to the emergency room (ER). Logistic regression analysis was used to identify potential predictors for a new model. A total of 899 patients were included; 450 in the development cohort and 449 in the validation cohort. Six independent variables predicted 30-day mortality: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), creatinine, bilirubin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and lactate. The C-statistic of the new scoring system was 0.799 in the development cohort and 0.793 in the validation cohort. The C-statistics in the development cohort was significantly higher than those of SOFA [0.723 (95% CI: 0.663–0.783)], qSOFA [0.596 (95% CI: 0.537–0.655)], and SIRS [0.547 (95% CI: 0.483–0.612)]. The discriminative capability of the new cancer-specific risk scoring system was good in solid tumor patients with suspected infection. The new scoring model was superior to SOFA, qSOFA, and SIRS in predicting mortality.
Learning Words in Two Languages: Manipulating Exemplar Variability for Within- and Cross-Language Generalization
Authors: De Anda Stephanie , Ellis Erica M. , Mejia Nayelli C. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
This article aims to describe how exemplar variability can manipulate the word learning environment to maximize within- and cross-language generalization in Spanish–English bilinguals. Furthermore, we examined sources of individual variability that predicted word learning.

Method:
Nineteen Spanish–English bilingual children participated in a word learning task presenting words in both languages. Children learned words either in a high variability condition (in which multiple exemplars are introduced with the target word) or in a no variability condition (in which the same referent is used with the target word). Word learning was tracked over the course of the training, and retention was examined once the training was discontinued. Children's generalization of referents within and across languages was also examined.

Results:
The exemplar variability effect was observed in within-language generalization trials, whereas cross-language generalization was less robust. Nevertheless, cross-language associations emerged in examining the role of language proficiency, such that semantic skills in English predicted word retention across languages. Similarly, children's propensity to code-switch during language production was positively correlated with retention of words learned in the high variability condition.

Conclusions:
The findings show that Spanish–English bilingual children may make use of exemplar variability to support word learning in different ways compared with monolinguals. The exemplar variability effect interacts with children's acquired language skills and word learning abilities at the start of the intervention. This study provides preliminary evidence from which future research can develop word learning interventions that are responsive to the needs of multilinguals.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19241856
Shifting Landscapes of Practice Patterns for Pediatric Feeding and Dysphagia in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Edwards Donna , Davis Stephanie L. , Hvizd Laura , Larocca Amy 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic required a shift in the landscape of practice patterns regarding management of pediatric feeding disorders. The challenging limitations impacted routine service delivery models and deemed it necessary for abrupt transition to optimize professional care to best meet the needs of clients and families. Telepractice platforms were explored across practice settings and often integrated new technology, telehealth practices, and family support systems.

Purpose:
The purpose of this clinical focus article was to consider the impact of COVID-19 on modifications in clinical practice related to pediatric feeding disorders and dysphagia.

Conclusions:
The COVID-19 pandemic demanded modification of clinical service delivery to pediatric clients having feeding disorders and dysphagia. The service challenges prior to the pandemic were further complicated by challenging limitations in service delivery, client accessibility, and family support resources. Telehealth offered a hybrid model for quality care when access to traditional in-person sessions was limited. Future research on this dynamic framework will guide us in evaluating the benefits and limitations in clinical practices. Ongoing research and development of resources are needed to ensure equitable and accessible services across settings.
When Cleft Lip and/or Palate and Antenatal Opioid Exposure Intersect: A Tutorial
Authors: Proctor-Williams Kerry , Louw Brenda 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
A new clinical subpopulation of cleft lip/palate (CL/P), which includes infants and children antenatally exposed to opioids, is increasingly appearing on CL/P teams and speech-language pathology caseloads. The purposes of this tutorial are to describe neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS), to offer a review of the NOWS feeding and neurodevelopmental outcomes literature, and to discuss the clinical and research implications for this new clinical population.

Conclusions:
Recent literature has pointed to a higher prevalence of CL/P in infants with NOWS, as compared to the live birth population. In addition to the typical feeding problems of infants with CL/P, other challenges emerge during the first several days of life for opioid-exposed infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). These feeding problems are characterized by disruption of the suck–swallow–breath process and are further complicated by the infant's state during withdrawal from opioids. There are trends across studies that suggest good reason for concern about adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in opioid-exposed children. This includes evidence that children post-NOWS are at greater risk than children with typical development for speech; language and literacy impairments; and/or other cognitive, sensory, and behavioral problems. Children with CL/P already are at risk for speech, resonance, language, and feeding disorders. A history of antenatal opioid exposure may increase and add further complications. The SLP plays a key role in the management of and attitudes toward children with NOWS and CL/P in the NICU, on CLP teams, in early intervention, and in schools. This tutorial provides clinical guidelines for intervention with this new and growing population.
Sharing medical data using a blockchain‐based secure EHR system for New Zealand
Authors: Huang Jack , Qi Yuan Wei , Asghar Muhammad Rizwan , Meads Andrew , Tu Yu‐Cheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn New Zealand, the demand for healthcare services has grown gradually in the last decade, and it is likely to increase further. This had led to issues such as increasing treatment costs and processing time for the patients. To address the growing pressure in the healthcare sector, and its fragmented IT landscape that compounds the problems further, the New Zealand Ministry of Health aims to establish a shared Electronic Health Record (EHR) system that integrates all the major healthcare organisations such as hospitals, medical centres, and specialists. Due to its characteristics, blockchain technology could be a potential platform for building such large‐scale health systems. Here, MedBloc, a blockchain‐based secure EHR system that enables patients and healthcare providers to access and share health records while providing usability, security, and privacy is presented. MedBloc captures a longitudinal view of the patients’ health story and empowers the patients to regulate their own data by allowing them to give or withdraw consent for healthcare providers to access their records. To preserve the patients’ privacy and protect their health data, MedBloc uses an encryption scheme to secure records and smart contracts to enforce access control to prevent unauthorised access.
An ensemble approach to deep‐learning‐based wireless indoor localization
Authors: Wisanmongkol Juthatip , Taparugssanagorn Attaphongse , Tran Le Chung , Le Anh Tuyen , Huang Xiaojing , Ritz Christian , Dutkiewicz Eryk , Phung Son Lam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe authors investigate the use of deep learning in wireless indoor localization to address the shortcomings of the existing range‐based (e.g. trilateration and triangulation) and range‐free (e.g. fingerprinting) localization. Instead of relying on geometric models and hand‐picked features, deep learning can automatically extract the relationship between the observed data and the target's location. Nevertheless, a deep neural network (DNN) model providing a satisfactory accuracy might perform differently when it is retrained in the deployment. To mitigate this issue, the authors propose an ensemble method where DNN models obtained from multiple training sessions are combined to locate the target. In the authors' evaluation, several DNN models are trained on the data, which consists of the received signal strength (RSS), angle of arrival (AOA), and channel state information (CSI), used in the existing hybrid RSS/AOA and RSS/CSI fingerprinting, and their root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) values are compared accordingly. The results show that the proposed method achieves the lower RMSE than the existing methods, and the RMSE can be lowered by up to 1.47 m compared with the ones obtained from a single model. Moreover, for some DNN models, the RMSE values are even lower than the minimum RMSE obtained by their single‐model counterparts.
Antimicrobial usage in Swiss fattening pig farms: is there still potential for improvement?
Authors: Ngom Ronald Vougat , Silva Laura Cunha , Carmo Luís Pedro , Schüpbach Gertraud , Sidler Xaver , Kümmerlen Dolf 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to analyze antimicrobial usage (AMU) in fattening pig farms that took part in the SuisSano/Safety + Health Programme in Switzerland over the year 2020 and to discuss the potential for further improvement. Usage was examined according to the antimicrobial’s class and indication for use, with emphasis on highest priority critically important antimicrobials (HPCIAs).
Methods Data on AMU from 1411 farms, reported in an electronic treatment journal, was used. AMU was quantified through treatment incidence (TI) based on Swiss Defined Daily Doses (DDDch). Indication of use for each antimicrobial class was analyzed with particular focus on HPCIAs.
Results The total TI of all antimicrobials used in the farms corresponds to 8.9 DDDch per 1000 pig-days at risk, of which HPCIAs represented 2.6 %. A total of 140 farms (9.9 %) partake in HPCIAs usage, with tylosin (73.8 % of total HPCIA TI) and colistin (22.8 % of total HPCIA TI) being the most frequently antimicrobials used. The most common indication for treatment with HPCIAs was gastrointestinal disorders (62.1 % of total HPCIA TI).
Conclusion and clinical relevance This study shows that the efforts made in recent years to foster prudent use of antimicrobials and, especially HPCIAs in Swiss pig production, have been successful. Indeed, 90.1 % (1271 of 1411) of the farms did not use any HPCIAs over the year 2020. Of the recorded treatments, HPCIA’s represented only 2.6 % of the total TIs used in fattening pigs. Since many farms do not use any HPCIAs, knowledge can be obtained from these farms to identify practices which can further reduce or even stop HPCIAs usage. Moreover, information concerning indications for HPCIAs usage provide input concerning where treatment options other than HPCIAs should be explored by both farmers and veterinarians.
Lebensbedrohliche, akute neutrophile Vaskulitis bei einem Shar Pei-Welpen
Authors: Weingart Christiane , Kershaw Olivia , Kohn Barbara , Rohwedder Thomas 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungEin 3 Monate alter, männlicher Shar Pei-Welpe wurde wegen Mattigkeit, Fieber und Hautödemen vorgestellt. Durch weiterführende Untersuchungen konnten eine oberflächliche Pyodermie mit Streptococcus canis und eine akute neutrophile Vaskulitis diagnostiziert werden. Es erfolgte eine symptomatische und antibiotische Therapie in Kombination mit Immunsuppressiva (initial Prednisolon, später Ciclosporin) Therapie. Im weiteren Verlauf traten Komplikationen in Form von Dyspnoe, Anämie, großflächigen Hautulzera, Nekrosen und eine Sekundärinfektion mit multiresistenten Bakterien auf. Durch intensivmedizinische Betreuung konnte der Hund nach 38 Tagen entlassen und in den folgenden Wochen die Dosis der Immunsuppressiva reduziert und die Medikamente nach 4 Monaten abgesetzt werden.
Validierung des telemetrischen BioHarnessTM 3-Brustgurtes für die Messung der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) bei Schweinen
Authors: Radeisen Marlene , Lahrmann Karl-Heinz 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Ziel dieser klinischen Studie war es, die Messgenauigkeit des telemetrischen, für den Menschen konzipierten und auf die Analyse der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) spezialisierten Brustgurtes BioHarnessTM 3 (Zephyr Technology, Medtronic, Annapolis, USA) für die Tierart Schwein zu überprüfen.
Methoden Hierzu wurden die Abstände der R-Zacken (RR-Abstände) des BioHarnessTM 3 Elektrokardiogramms (EKG) mit denen des etablierten, telemetrischen EKG-Gerätes Televet®100 (Engel Engineering GmbH, Heusenstamm, Deutschland) verglichen. Die Messungen erfolgten wegen des Risikos der Ablösung der Klebeelektroden beim Televet®100 unter Allgemeinanästhesie, um eine kontinuierliche Datenaufzeichnung zu gewährleisten. Bei zeitgleichem Start der Geräte wurden 6 Messdurchgänge à 5 Minuten in Folge bei 5 männlichen Aufzuchtschweinen durchgeführt. Nach Artefaktkorrektur bzw. -bereinigung konnten insgesamt 5321 RR-Messdatenpaare im dreistelligen Bereich (ms) statistisch analysiert werden.
Ergebnisse Nach den Ergebnissen der Konkordanz-Korrelations-Analyse nach Lin (Korrelationskoeffizient 0,95) und der Bland-Altman-Analyse (RR-Abstandsdifferenz + 0,3 ms) ergab sich eine sehr gute Übereinstimmung beider Messgeräte.
Schlussfolgerung Der BioHarness-Brustgurt kann demnach am Schwein für eine kabellose HRV-Analyse genutzt werden, wie dies in einer Folgestudie auch an nicht betäubten Schweinen gezeigt werden konnte.
Bildgebung der Muskulatur bei Neuromuskulären Erkrankungen
– von der Initialdiagnostik bis zur Verlaufsbeurteilung
Authors: Mensch Alexander , Nägel Steffen , Zierz Stephan , Kraya Torsten , Stoevesandt Dietrich 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie bildgebende Diagnostik hat sich zu einem integralen Element der Betreuung von
PatientInnen mit neuromuskulären Erkrankungen entwickelt. Als
wesentliches Diagnostikum ist hierbei die Magnetresonanztomografie als breit
verfügbares und vergleichsweise standardisiertes Untersuchungsverfahren
etabliert, wobei die Sonografie der Muskulatur bei hinreichend erfahrenem
Untersucher ebenfalls geeignet ist, wertvolle diagnostische Informationen zu
liefern. Das CT hingegen spielt eine untergeordnete Rolle und sollte nur bei
Kontraindikationen für eine MRT in Erwägung gezogen werden.
Zunächst wurde die Bildgebung bei Muskelerkrankungen primär in
der Initialdiagnostik unter vielfältigen Fragestellungen eingesetzt. Das
Aufkommen innovativer Therapiekonzepte bei verschiedenen neuromuskulären
Erkrankungen machen neben einer möglichst frühzeitigen
Diagnosestellung insbesondere auch eine multimodale Verlaufsbeurteilung zur
Evaluation des Therapieansprechens notwendig. Auch hier wird die Bildgebung der
Muskulatur als objektiver Parameter des Therapieerfolges intensiv diskutiert und
in Forschung wie Praxis zunehmend verwendet.
Examining the role of the occupational safety and health professional in supporting the control of the risks of multiple psychosocial stressors generated during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gold David , Sharman Andrew , Thomas David 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 created challenges at work with increased risks of multiple interrelated psychosocial stressors, surfacing as a comorbidity of COVID-19. The roles of many Occupational Safety and Health Practitioners (OSHPs) included helping to recognise, prevent and mitigate these risks, especially for essential and front-line workers. The rationale for this study was to investigate potential competency gaps amongst OSHPs on their lack of priority or inability to understand the scope of the negative synergistic effects of these stressors and provide support where and when appropriate. Drawing on the International Labour Office (ILO) SOLVE methodology, eight psychosocial stressors were identified and a seminar was developed to raise the awareness of the comorbidity of COVID-19 and psychosocial stressors with the target audience of OSHPs, who would potentially further disseminate this information to a broader workforce. The membership network of the Institution of Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH) was used to implement the intervention through organising Zoom-based seminars globally. Participants were followed-up with during the seminar and through a one-year post-seminar survey to determine retention of the presented material and to what extent it was put to use. An information sheet was designed and made available to participants for further dissemination. The information sheet can be used by all industries at all levels as a tool to raise awareness and to signpost participants on where to seek help if needed. Twenty-five seminars were held with 2483 participants. Feedback revealed that participants grasped the presented concepts as many of the questions raised during and after the session focused on the implementation of the presented measures. We concluded that, given the correct knowledge, OHSPs are an invaluable resource to lead workforce engagement in this area. Due to UK General Data Protection Regulations (GDPR), there were difficulties undertaking the follow-up survey. Those who could be contacted indicated that where they could influence an intervention, there were improvements in the workplace. It is recommended that participant data be controlled by the research team with qualitative data recorded. Further studies are needed to review both competencies and existing job descriptions of OSHPs and the challenges around expanding responsibilities to lead psychosocial interventions at work.
Emergence of protests during the COVID-19 pandemic: quantitative models to explore the contributions of societal conditions
Authors: van der Zwet Koen , Barros Ana I. , van Engers Tom M. , Sloot Peter M. A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an upsurge of protests. The emergence of civil resistance movements is often associated with various conditions of social systems. The analysis of social systems also shows the importance of considering the behaviour time scale and in particular slow-fast dynamics. The fine-grained datasets of the sudden and dramatic disruptive force of the pandemic can be used to better grasp the different dynamics of this social phenomenon. This paper proposes a holistic approach to explore the relationship between societal conditions and the emergence of protests in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. First, a literature survey was performed to identify key conditions that lead to the emergence of protests. These conditions and underlying relations have been captured in a causal loop diagram to conceptualise the emergence of civil resistance as a result of intertwined dynamics. A data set is constructed for quantitative analysis. By means of statistical and computational modelling we conduct a quantitative analysis in which we compare the protest dynamics of 27 countries during the pandemic. We construct a systems dynamics model to test the explanatory value of different theoretical models on causal relationships, as our results demonstrate a strong need for other modelling approaches that better capture the complexity and underlying dynamics of protests. Our analysis suggests that while models could improve their understanding of when civil resistance might happen by incorporating variables that analyse fast changes in social systems, incorporating variables that analyse slow developments of structural conditions might further improve estimates for the severity of such outbreaks.
Internal dynamics of methyl p-tolyl sulfoxide in the gas phase: Rotational spectroscopy and theoretical studies
Authors: Sun Wenhao , Kleiner Isabelle , Senftleben Arne , Schnell Melanie 
Published: March 2022

A pure rotational spectrum of methyl p-tolyl sulfoxide (MTSO) was studied using chirped-pulse Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy in the frequency range of 18–26 GHz. A single conformer was unambiguously observed in the supersonic jet expansion, which is consistent with the conformational analysis performed using quantum-chemical calculations. Rotational transitions were split into two components of A and E symmetries due to the low-barrier internal rotation of the ring methyl group [V3 = 11.0178(23) cm−1]. The low energy barrier for the methyl top internal rotation implies an electron-withdrawing effect of the group at the opposite side of the phenyl ring, in comparison with other para-substituted toluenes. The effective ground state (r0) geometry was derived using the rotational constants from the parent species and the 34S and eight 13C singly substituted isotopologues. Compared to two other sulfoxides, methyl phenyl sulfoxide and methyl 4-nitrophenyl sulfoxide, the sulfoxide group in MTSO is slightly more twisted with respect to the plane of the phenyl ring, which could be attributed to the moderate electron-donating effect of the p-methyl group. Furthermore, the pyramidal inversion that interconverts the handedness at the sulfur stereogenic center was explored in the electronic ground (S0) and excited (S1) states with nudged elastic band and time-dependent density functional theory methods. It was found that the pyramidal inversion in S1 is easier than in S0, showing that optical excitation to S1 will facilitate an effectively barrier-free inversion.
Reversible to irreversible transitions for cyclically driven particles on periodic obstacle arrays
Authors: Reichhardt C. , Reichhardt C. J. O. 
Published: March 2022

We examine the collective dynamics of disks moving through a square array of obstacles under cyclic square wave driving. Below a critical density, we find that the system organizes into a reversible state in which the disks return to the same positions at the end of every drive cycle. Above this density, the dynamics are irreversible and the disks do not return to the same positions after each cycle. The critical density depends strongly on the angle θ between the driving direction and a symmetry axis of the obstacle array, with the highest critical densities appearing at commensurate angles such as θ = 0° and θ = 45° and the lowest critical densities falling at θ = arctan (0.618), the inverse of the golden ratio, where the flow is the most degenerate. As the density increases, the number of cycles required to reach a reversible state grows as a power law with an exponent near ν = 1.36, similar to what is found in periodically driven colloidal and superconducting vortex systems.