bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
تأثير تمرينات (الهيدروترابيا) المصاحبة لتمرينات الجمال الجسمي في بعض القياسات الجسمية والمتغيرات الوظيفية للنساء غير المتدربات
Authors: Ethar Maher Ahmed Al-Essawi  , Prof. Dr. Mustafa Hassan Abdel Karim  
Published: April 2022

تكمن مشكلة البحث في حاجة النساء الى احداث تحسين في شكل الجسم وكفاءته الوظيفية وهذا الامر يتطلب وضع برنامج تدريبي يتضمن تمرينات خاصة تهتم بالجانب الجمالي للجسم يتماشى مع امكانياتهم ورغباتهن لذا مزج الباحثان بين تمرينات الهيدروترابيا وتمرينات الجمال الجسم في محاولة جادة منها لأحداث الغاية المنشودة منها. وهدف البحث الى التعرف على بعض القياسات الجسمية والمتغيرات الوظيفية للنساء غير المتدربات من عينة البحث ،واعداد التمرينات المائية (الهيدروترابيا) والتمرينات الخاصة التي تتلائم وقدرات عينة البحث والتعرف على تأثير التمرينات المائية (الهيدروترابيا) المصاحبة للتمرينات الخاصة في بعض القياسات الجسمية والمتغيرات الوظيفية لعينة البحث . استخدم الباحثان المنهج التجريبي بتصميم المجموعة الواحدة، وتم احتيار عينة البحث بالطريقة اللااحتمالية من النساء باعمار30-40سنة وبواقع(13)متدربة وتم تنفيذ المنهج التدريبي والذي استغرق(9)أسابيع وبواقع ثلاث وحدات تدريبية أسبوعياً وقد بلغ عدد الوحدات التدريبية(27)وحدة. واستنتج الباحثان ان البرنامج التدريبي المتضمن تمرينات الهيدروترابيا وتمرينات الجمال الجسمي ساهم في تحسين شكل الجسم ورفع الكفاءة الوظيفية للمتدربات .
فاعلية (أنموذج بايبي البنائي) في تحصيل طالبات الصف الخامس الاعدادي في مادة رسم المنظور الهندسي
Authors: Maha Abd- AlSamad Salman  
Published: April 2022

يهدف البحث الحالي الى تنمية مهارات طالبات الصف الخامس الاعدادي في مادة رسم المنظور الهندسي. ولدراسةدلك حددت الباحثة بناء خطط تدريسية لمهارات رسم المنظور الهندسي وفق (أنموذج بايبي البنائي). و تم صياغة فرضيتين صفريتين :

لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0,05) بين رتب درجات طالبات المجموعتين (التجريبية والضابطة) في تقيم الاداء المهاري (قبليا)ً.
لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0,05) بين رتب درجات طالبات المجموعتين (التجريبية والضابطة) في تقيم الاداء المهاري (بعدياً).

وقد أظهرت نتائج هذه البحث ما يأتي:
فاعلية الخطط التدريسية على وفق (أنموذج بايبي البنائي) في تنمية مهارات رسم المنظور الهندسي لطالبات الخامس الاعدادي- المجموعة التجريبية. والتي كان لها التأثير الإيجابي للوصول الى النتائج المرغوبة.
دور الرسوم الإيضاحية في تعزيز الثقافة المرئية للطفل
Authors: أ.د.نصيف جاسم محمد  , أ.م.د.اكرم جرجيس نعمة  
Published: April 2022

مع ازدياد التدفق المعلوماتي الكبير، والتطور الذي إشتمل الافراد والمجتمعات بفعل ما الت اليه التقنيات الحديثة، فإن مواكبة ذلك تتطلب الكثير من العمل والجهد في سبيل اللحاق بما يستجد، فهناك القنوات الفضائية، والصحف والمجلات والتقنيات الحاسوبية اللوحية، الى غير ذلك، ويبرز من بين ذلك كله الرسوم الايضاحية التي تشكل ركنا مرئيا مطلوبا من قبل الاطفال كونها تتناغم مع حواسهم وميولهم، هذه الرسوم التي تعد من بين تطبيقات التصميم الكرافيكي المعاصر قدمت وتُقدم كل يوم انماطا متنوعة من الحوار المرئي القريب من ذهنية وتصورات الاطفال، اذ يُعْرض من خلالها قصص وحكايات ارشادية متنوعة تعتمد تقنية الايضاح (Illustrations) القريبة من تصورات الأطفال، وتكمن مشكلة البحث في التساؤل الآتي :
ما الدور الذي تقوم به الرسوم الإيضاحية في تعزيز الثقافة المرئية للطفل؟
كتابات تاريخية موثقة في تصانيف العلامة نعمة الجزائري (1050-1112هـ/ 1640-1700م)
Authors: Assist. Prof. Dr. FERDAWS   ABDULRAHMAN  KAREEM  
Published: April 2022

في الصفحات المتقدمة طاقة خلاقة، نشأت وتعلمت وابدعت وانتجت في عصر وبيئة يكون الخلق والإبداع فيها من عالم الأحلام، لما تراكم في مطباتها من التلف والضعف وتنوعت وتعددت في طريقها العقبات والمعوقات التي حالت بينها وبين سبل التطور والازدهار الحضاري والفكري، ومع اشتداد الأزمات وترادف النكسات، برزت بعض المشاعل الوضاءة لتمنح الفكر العربي الإسلامي روح الديمومة والبقاء والمواصلة، ولو في أضواء خافتة لكي لا تتحول الحياة العربية الإسلامية إلى العدم . فكان العلامة الأديب المؤرخ نعمة الله الجزائري أحد الأفذاذ الذين ساهموا في مد حلقات التواصل الفكري والثقافي والأدبي والتأريخي في التراث العربي الإسلامي في عصره والعصور التي سبقته للارتباط بعد ذلك بالعصر الحديث. كان من مبدأ نشوئه إلى آخر عمره مولعاً بطلب العلم ونشره وترويجه، كدوداً لا يفتر عنه ولا يمل، كان في أسفاره يستصحب معه ما يقدر عليه من الكتب، فإذا نزلت القافلة وضعها واشتغل بها إلى وقت الرحيل، وربما يأخذ الكتاب بيده يطالع فيه وهو على ظهر الدابة في المسير، وكان من شدة ولعه من العلم والمعرفة أن قد ساح في كثير من البقاع والبلاد ولم يزل صبياً، وواجه أصنافاً من المشقات والمصائب في سبيل التحصيل حتى بلغ به الحال أنه لم يجد ما يسد به رمقه أو يضيء به سراجه للمطالعة، وكان يواجه الحياة بتصميم عجيب وارادة عالية وعزم لا يفل، دؤوب مثابر، يزداد تعلقاً واعتناء في كتبه، فنبغ في كثير من العلوم والفنون، وصنف في التأريخ والحديث والتفسير والفقه والنحو والأدب، ومعظم مؤلفاته نافعة للناس لأنها تمس حياتهم وتعالج حالهم وسلوكهم وتزرع فيهم حب الفضيلة والخير.
Oligopleiodontia of the mandibular anterior segment
Authors: Muttineni Navya , Manasa N , Turimella Sindhura , Badipati Ramya Bharathi , Lalitha Garepally 
Published: April 2022

Esthetic management of supernumerary tooth is encountered routinely in our day to day practice. When such a case presents with underlying periodontal problems like gingival recession, its management requires a multidisciplinary approach for a long term successful outcome. This case report presents one such case where a connective tissue graft with an epithelial collar was placed using modified envelope flap technique for correction of gingival recession which preceded esthetic management of the ST in oligopleiodontia patient. Esthetic management was done by direct composite veneer. Direct placement of composite veneers has greater control, require a conservative removal of tooth structure and can be easily repaired and modified at any stage. 2 year follow up showed optimal root coverage and appreciable esthetics.
Real-World Experience with CDK4/6 Inhibitors for Metastatic HR+/HER2− Breast Cancer at a Single Cancer Center
Authors: Knudsen Erik S , Schultz Emily , Hamilton Deanna , Attwood Kris , Edge Stephen , O’Connor Tracey , Levine Ellis , Witkiewicz Agnieszka K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
A study was initiated at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center to capture the real-world experience related to the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors (Ciclibs) for the treatment of metastatic hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer (HR+/HER2-).

Patients and Methods
A total of 222 patients were evaluated who received CDK4/6 inhibitors in the period from 2015 to 2021. Detailed clinical and demographic information was obtained on each patient and used to define clinical and demographic features associated with progression-free survival on CDK4/6 inhibitor-based therapies.

Results
In this real-world analysis, the majority of patients received palbociclib as the CDK4/6 inhibitor with letrozole or fulvestrant as the predominant endocrine therapies. The median progression-free survival (PFS) in the letrozole (27.6 months) and fulvestrant (17.2 months) groups were comparable to that observed in clinical trials. As expected, age at start of the treatment and menopausal status influenced endocrine therapy utilization but were not associated with PFS. Patients with recurrent disease had shorter PFS (P = .0024) than those presenting with de novo metastasis. The presence of visceral metastasis trended toward shorter PFS (P = .051). Similarly, prior endocrine therapy (P = .003) or chemotherapy (P = .036) was associated with shorter PFS. Body mass index was not associated with PFS or with dose interruption and/or modification. While the number of minorities in this analysis is limited (n = 26), these patients as a group had statistically shorter PFS on treatment (P = .002).

Conclusions
The real-world progression-free survival with CDK4/6 inhibitors mimics that observed in the clinical trial. A number of clinical and demographic features were associated with PFS on CDK4/6 inhibitor-based therapy. Further studies are ongoing to validate these findings incorporating additional cancer centers.
Silk fibroin‐based films in food packaging applications: A review
Authors: Low Jia Tee , Yusoff Noor Izyan Syazana Mohd , Othman Norhayani , Wong Tuck‐Whye , Wahit Mat Uzir 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPlastic pollution is a significant concern nowadays due to wastes generated from non‐biodegradable and non‐renewable synthetic materials. In particular, most plastic food packaging material ends up in landfills, creating mass wastes that clog the drainage system and pollute the ocean. Thus, studies on various biopolymers have been promoted to replace synthetic polymers in food packaging and consequently, the high number of research in biopolymers food packaging, especially in the characterization, properties and also the development of the biopolymer. For biopolymer‐based food packaging, silk fibroin (SF) has been highlighted because of its biodegradability and low water vapor permeability properties. This review focuses on the different properties of SF films prepared through solution casting and electrospinning for food packaging. Discussions encompassed chemical properties, mechanical properties, permeability, and biodegradability. This review also discussed the studies that used SF as the biomaterial for food packaging.
Camel milk composition by breed, season, publication year, and country: A global systematic review, meta‐analysis, and meta‐regression
Authors: Alhaj Omar A. , Altooq Noor J. , Alenezi Ahmad F. , Janahi Abdulrahman I. , Janahi Mohamed I. , Humood Ali M. , AlRasheed Maha M. , Bragazzi Nicola L. , Jahrami Haitham A. , Faye Bernard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCamel milk consists of an essential macro/micronutrient for human nutrition in the arid and urban regions. This review study aimed to use meta‐analysis statistical techniques for assessment and correction of publication bias, exploration of heterogeneity between studies, and detailed assessment of the effect of a comprehensive set of moderators including breed, season, country, year of publication, and the interaction between composition elements. This could provide a single synthesis of the camel milk composition to warrant strong generalizability of results, examine variability between available studies, and analyze differences in camel milk composition among different exposures. Such a finding will aid future researchers and health professionals in acquiring a more precise understanding of camel milk composition and drawing more clinical implications. Six searching databases and bibliographic were used including PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Springer, EBSCOhost, Scopus, and Web of Science from January 1980 to December 2021. The DerSimonian–Laird estimator was used to create the current random‐effects meta‐analysis. This systematic review and meta‐analysis included a total of 7298 camel milk samples from 23 countries. This review comprises 79 studies published in the English language on or after 1980, including a subgroup of 117 analyses consisting of seasons, sub‐breeds, and countries. The contents of macro/micronutrients in camel milk were identified as follows: protein, 3.17%; fat, 3.47%; lactose, 4.28%; ash, 0.78%; and total solids, 11.31%; calcium, 112.93 mg/100 g; iron, 0.45 mg/100 g; potassium, 116.13 mg/100 g; magnesium, 9.65 mg/100 g; sodium, 53.10 mg/100 g; zinc, 1.68 mg/100 g; vitamin C, 5.38 mg/100 g; vitamin A, 0.36 mg/100 g; vitamin B1,0.05 mg/100 g; vitamin B2, 0.13 mg/100 g; vitamin B3, 0.51 mg/100 g; vitamin B6, 0.09 mg/100 g; and vitamin B12, 0.0039 mg/100 g. Our meta‐regression analysis found that fat and total solids were statistically significant moderators of protein; moreover, total solids content is a statistically significant moderator of fat. Discrepancies observed in camel milk profiles are dependent upon several factors, including number of included studies, number of samples, different analytical techniques, feeding patterns, camel's breeds, geographical locations, and seasonal variations.
The European Sleep Research Society – past, present and future
Authors: Deboer Tom , Arnardóttir Erna Sif , Landolt Hans‐Peter , Luppi Pierre Hervé , McNicholas Walter T. , Pevernagie Dirk , Plazzi Giuseppe ,   The board of the European Sleep Research Society (ESRS)
Published: April 2022

SummaryIt is 50 years ago, in 1972, that the founding conference of the European Sleep Research Society (ESRS) was organised in Basel. Since then the Society has had 13 presidents and a multitude of board members and has organised, among other things, another 24 congresses. At this 50th anniversary, as the 26th ESRS congress is approaching, we have summarised the history of the ESRS. In this review, we provide a background to show why the foundation of a European society was a logical step, and show how, in the course of the past 50 years, the Society changed and grew. We give special attention to some developments that occurred over the years and discuss where the ESRS stands now, and how we foresee its future.
Catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation with left ventricular systolic dysfunction: Who is the best candidate?
Authors: Yu Lu , Jiang Ruhong , Sun Yaxun , Ye Yang , Zhang Pei , Liu Qiang , Sheng Xia , Zhang Zuwen , Chen Shiquan , Fu Guosheng , Jiang Chenyang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundTachycardia‐induced cardiomyopathy is poorly recognized pre‐ablation. It remains unclear of better patient selection and timing for catheter ablation in persistent atrial fibrillation (PerAF) with heart failure (HF).MethodsConsecutive patients with PerAF and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50% referred for AF ablation were retrospectively included. The impact of LV size, heart rate (HR), and LVEF pre‐ablation were analyzed for assessing LV systolic function recovery, defined as LVEF increase of ≥20% or to a value ≥55% after ablation.ResultsA total of 120 patients (2017–2020) were included. After 19 ±14 months post ablation, LVEF improvement was similar in patients with normal or dilated LV (18.3 ± 9.4% vs. 16.1 ± 10.8%, P = .25), rapid or controlled HR (19.5 ± 10% vs. 16.1 ± 10%, P = .09), but higher in HFrEF (HF with reduced EF) than HFmrEF (HF with midrange EF) (21.6 ± 10.3% vs. 14.9 ± 9.3%, P < .01). There was more LV systolic function recovery in those with normal to moderate LV dilation (80%, odds ratio [OR] 15.22, P < .01), HR ≥80 bpm (79%, OR 5.38, P < .01) and HFmrEF (80%, OR 4.03, P < .01). The overall AF freedom was similar between normal and dilated LV (59% vs. 62%, P = .95), rapid and controlled HR (67% vs. 56%, P = .18), and HFmrEF and HFrEF (65% vs. 50%, P = .19).ConclusionCatheter ablation is effective independent of LV dilation, rate control or HFrEF. Patients with normal to moderate LV dilation, resting HR ≥80 bpm and HFmrEF may be candidates for early PerAF ablation to achieve LVEF normalization.
Detection of fungal and bacterial contamination of hazelnut and determination of aflatoxin B by HPLC method in Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Saffari Elham , Madani Mahboobe , Karbasizade Vajihe , Shakib Pegah 
Published: April 2022

Background and Purpose: Due to the fact that fungal species such as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus produce carcinogenic and mutagenic aflatoxins and have the potential to produce fungal secondary metabolites, fungal contamination should be avoided. This study was conducted using the HPLC method and was aimed at examining the fungal contamination of Isfahan hazelnuts in order to identify the presence of Aflatoxins.
Materials and Methods: One hundred samples of hazelnuts were randomly collected from supermarkets in Isfahan. The samples were then cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) media and analyzed to determine fungal contaminations. The aflatoxin analysis was carried out using the HPLC method.
Results: It was discovered that nine genera of fungi, namely Aspergillus, Penicillium , Rhizopus, Ulocladium, Alternaria, Drechselera, Trichothecium, Scopulariopsis, and Mucor were identified in 78% of the samples. Samples contaminated with Aspergillus flavus (22 samples) were studied to determine the presence of aflatoxin. The results showed that 16 (72.72%) of the samples were contaminated with AFB1, AFB2 and AFG2 and the mean concentrations were 0.926, 0.563 and 0.155ng/g, respectively.
Conclusions: Some parameters that affect mycotoxin production are temperature, food substrate, strain of the mold and other environmental factors. Due to the toxigenic quality of some of these fungi and their hazard to human health, it is crucial that fungal contamination and aflatoxin identification tests are carried out before certain products are made available to the mass market.
Clinical and Pathological Features of Double-Hit and Triple-Hit High-Grade B-Cell Lymphomas: A Retrospective Study from Three Portuguese Tertiary Centers
Authors: Almeida Rui , Abrantes Carlos , Gigliano Davide , Oliveira Rui Caetano , Teixeira Paulo , Viegas Marta , Rodrigues Ângelo , Julião Maria José 
Published: April 2022

Background: High-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL) with rearrangements of MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6, called double and triple-hit lymphomas (DTH-HGBL), are lymphoid malignancies with inferior outcomes when treated with standard chemotherapy. The identification of DTH-HGBL cases is challenging, considering their variable clinical, morphologic, and immunohistochemical features.
Materials and Methods: Retrospective revision of medical data of patients diagnosed with DTH-HGBL confirmed by FISH, between January 2010 and January 2020, in three Tertiary Portuguese Hospitals (Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute – Coimbra and Portuguese Oncology Institute – Porto). Pathological features, morphology, and immunohistochemical profile were evaluated by at least two experienced pathologists in hematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms.
Results: The cohort included 24 patients: 33.3% triple-hit, 58.3%, MYC/BCL2 double-hit and 8.3% MYC/BCL6 double-hit. There was no gender predominance, with a median age of 62.5±14.3y, 33.3% were diagnosed as nodal disease, and 66.7% as extranodal. Morphologic features of DLBCL were present in 50% of cases, morphological features of both DLBCL and Burkitt lymphoma (DLBCL/BL) in 45.8% and 4.2% of blastoid morphology. Immunohistochemical evaluation, regarding the Hans algorithm, revealed a Germinal center (GC)/GC-like subtype in 83.3% of cases and a non-GC/non-GC-like subtype in 16.7%. MYC was positive in 42.9% and the median proliferative index was 80±12.4%.
Conclusion: DTH-HGBL has a very broad range of features. We consider that a cost-effective approach would be to perform cytogenetic analysis in DLBCL and DLBCL/BL cases with GC/GC-like subtype. MYC and BCL2 immunohistochemistry can be useful to identify patients who may benefit from more aggressive therapies, but not as tools for case selection for FISH.
Assessment the Effect of Human Umbilical Cord Wharton's Jelly Stem Cells on the Expression of Homing Genes; CXCR4 and VLA-4 in Cell Line of Breast Cancer
Authors: Vahdanikia Vida , Maleki Masoud , Irani Fam Roya Asl , Abdi Adel 
Published: April 2022

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The prevalence of breast cancer in Western women is one in eight. Although the prevalence of breast cancer in Iran is lower than in Western countries (one in every 10-12 women), the incidence of breast cancer in it is 5-10 years earlier than in Western countries. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women after lung cancer. Therefore, finding new therapeutic methods could potentially help to reduce breast cancer mortality and increase the survival rate. Wharton jelly stem cells with mesenchymal morphology play an important role in inhibiting the progression of ovarian, osteosarcoma, and breast cancer by inducing apoptosis and reducing metastasis. Several environmental and genetic factors are involved in the occurrence of breast cancer. CXCR4 and VLA-4 genes are important genetic factors in breast cancer that play a role in cell survival, migration, proliferation, and metastasis of several types of cancer, especially breast cancer. Therefore, inhibition of these two genes by Wharton's Jelly Stem Cells could be a novel and effective therapeutic target in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Wharton jelly stem cells secretion on the expression of CXCR4 and VLA-4 genes in cancer cells.
Materials and Methods: These cells were exposed to Wharton's Jelly Stem Cells after culturing breast cancer cells. RNA was extracted from treated cells. The expression of CXCR4 and VLA-4 genes was evaluated by real-time PCR.
Results: The results of the MTT and Scratching tests showed a significant difference compared to the control group. Also, the results of Real-time PCR showed a significant decrease in the expression of CXCR4 and VLA-4 genes compared to the control group.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that different concentrations of Wharton Jelly Stem Cells reduce cancer cell growth and expression of CXCR4 and VLA-4 homing genes in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Therefore, Wharton Jelly Stem Cells can be considered as an effective treatment for breast cancer.
Optimizing Turning Parameters for The Turning Operations of Inconel X750 Alloy with Nanofluids Using Direct and Aspect Ratio-based Taguchi Methods
Authors: Oke Sunday Ayoola , Adegoke Ridwan Majekodunmi 
Published: April 2022

For the turning process, the computation of optimal parametric settings for parameters has been traditionally achieved using standard parametric values, but comparative values between the standard parameters have been ignored. But these aspect ratios reveal some evaluation dimensions that account for robust measurement schemes that promote enhanced effectiveness of the process. To address the issue, an aspect-ratio-based mechanism has been introduced to optimize the turning parameters in three Taguchi methodical variants of classical Taguchi, Taguchi-Pareto, and Taguchi-ABC methods. A total of twelve alternatives were developed, with each alternative containing three standard parameters and two aspect ratios since only three standard parameters are involved in the evaluation. The evaluation of parameters in non-prioritized and prioritized forms was considered for each alternative. The Taguchi method accounts for the non-prioritized method, while Taguchi-Pareto and Taguchi-ABC methods are the prioritized parametric structures. The delta values and ranks across the prioritized and non-prioritized parameters were evaluated by their mean values. The optimal parametric settings were evaluated for all alternatives in the prioritized and non-prioritized forms of evaluation. The results, using literature data, confirmed the feasibility of using the approach. The outcome of the methods is in enhancing the planning scheme for the turning operation. The benefit of the study is an enhanced analysis of turning operation’s improvements and estimation of related economic advantages through turning resources conservation.
Dampak Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran E-Learning terhadap Minat Belajar dan Kemampuan Literasi Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Cokroaminoto Palopo
Authors: Yunus Nur Muhajirah 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak penerapan metode pembelajaran e-learning terhadap minat belajar dan kemampuan literasi mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Cokroaminoto Palopo. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain survey dengan menggunakan angket sebagai alat untuk memperoleh data terhadap responden. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak dari empat kelas Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi yaitu pada mahasiswa semester 3, 5, dan 7. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dampak positif dari penggunaan metode pembelajaran e-learning terhadap minat belajar mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Cokroaminoto Palopo. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil nilai sebesar 20,17 yang lebih besar daripada nilai yaitu 1,98 serta nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,00 < 0,05. Selain itu pada variabel kemampuan literasi juga terdapat dampak yang positif dari penggunaan metode pembelajaran e-learning terhadap kemampuan literasi mahasiswa Program Studi PEndidikan Biologi Universitas Cokroaminoto Palopo. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari hasil nilai sebesar 5,02 yang lebih besar dari nilai sebesar 1,98 serta nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,00 < 0,05.