bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clodronate detection and effects on markers of bone resorption are prolonged following a single administration to horses
Authors: Knych Heather K. , Finno Carrie J. , Katzman Scott , Ryan Declan , McKemie Daniel S. , Kass Philip H. , Arthur Rick M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundClodronate is a potent antiresorptive agent labelled for use in horses over 4 years of age, for the treatment of navicular syndrome. Concerns regarding the extra‐label use of clodronate in equine athletes, such as racehorses, have been raised as inhibition of osteoclast activity by clodronate has been postulated to interfere with normal bone healing, which is imperative to the repair of microfractures. The paucity of data describing the long‐term pharmacokinetics of clodronate and effects on biomarkers of bone resorption necessitates further study.Objectives(1) To determine clodronate concentrations in blood and urine over a 6‐month period in horses undergoing treadmill exercise and (2) to assess the effects of clodronate on protein biomarkers of bone remodelling in this same group of horses.Study designRandomised controlled experimental study.MethodsSeven exercised Thoroughbred horses received a single im administration of 1.8 mg/kg clodronate and four horses received an equivalent volume of saline. Blood and urine samples were collected prior to, during and for 182 days post drug administration for drug concentration determination using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and determination of protein biomarker (CTX‐1 and TRAcP5B) concentrations.ResultsClodronate was detectable in blood for 14–175 days and for up to 175 days in urine. For some horses, concentrations were nondetectable at one time point but detectable at a subsequent time point. The terminal serum half‐life ranged from 1.80 to 283.9 days. CTX‐1 concentrations were significantly higher, relative to baseline, in both treated and control groups while concentrations of TRAcP5B were significantly lower in the treated group.Main limitationsRelatively small number of horses studied.ConclusionsBased on assessment of protein biomarkers, clodronate appears to influence osteoclasts at label doses. Furthermore, results of this study support racing regulations that preclude horses administered bisphosphonates for medical reasons, from racing for a prolonged period of time.
Will climate change cause the global peatland to expand or contract? Evidence from the habitat shift pattern of Sphagnum mosses
Authors: Ma Xiao‐Ying , Xu Hao , Cao Zi‐Yin , Shu Lei , Zhu Rui‐Liang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPeatlands play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. Sphagnum mosses (peat mosses) are considered to be the peatland ecosystem engineers and contribute to the carbon accumulation in the peatland ecosystems. As cold‐adapted species, the dominance of Sphagnum mosses in peatlands will be threatened by climate warming. The response of Sphagnum mosses to climate change is closely related to the future trajectory of carbon fluxes in peatlands. However, the impact of climate change on the habitat suitability of Sphagnum mosses on a global scale is poorly understood. To predict the potential impact of climate change on the global distribution of Sphagnum mosses, we used the MaxEnt model to predict the potential geographic distribution of six Sphagnum species that dominate peatlands in the future (2050 and 2070) under two greenhouse gas emission scenarios (SSP1‐2.6 and SSP5‐8.5). The results show that the mean temperature of the coldest quarter, precipitation of the driest month, and topsoil calcium carbonate are the main factors affecting the habitat availability of Sphagnum mosses. As the climate warms, Sphagnum mosses tend to migrate northward. The suitable habitat and abundance of Sphagnum mosses increase extensively in the high‐latitude boreal peatland (north of 50°N) and decrease on a large scale beyond the high‐latitude boreal peatland. The southern edge of boreal peatlands would experience the greatest decline in the suitable habitat and richness of Sphagnum mosses with the temperature rising and would be a risk area for the transition from carbon sink to carbon source. The spatial–temporal pattern changes of Sphagnum mosses simulated in this study provide a reference for the development of management and conservation strategies for Sphagnum bogs.
Climatic and edaphic‐based predictors of normalized difference vegetation index in tropical dry landscapes: A pantropical analysis
Authors: de la Peña‐Domene Marinés , Tapia Gerardo Rodríguez , Mesa‐Sierra Natalia , Rivero‐Villar Anaitzi , Giardina Christian P. , Johnson Nels G. , Campo Julio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimSpatial patterns in resource supply drive variability in vegetation structure and function, yet quantification of this variability for tropical dry forests (TDFs) remains rudimentary. Several climate‐driven indices have been developed to classify and delineate TDFs globally, but there has not been a climo‐edaphic synthesis of these indices to assess and delineate the extent of TDFs. A statistical climo‐edaphic synthesis of these indices is therefore required.LocationPantropical.Time periodModern.Major taxa studiedVascular plants.MethodsWe assembled most known prior descriptions of TDFs into a single data layer and assessed statistically how the TDF biome, which we call tropical dry landscapes (TDLs) composed of forest and non‐forest vegetation, varied with respect to the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) sensed by MODIS (250 m pixel resolution). We examined how the NDVI varied with respect to mean annual temperature (MAT) and rainfall (MAR), precipitation regime, evapotranspiration and the physical, chemical and biological properties of TDL soils.ResultsOverall, the NDVI varied widely across TDLs, and we were able to identify five principal NDVI categories. A regression tree model captured 90% of NDVI variation across TDLs, with 14 climate and soil metrics as predictors. The model was then pruned to use only the three strongest metrics. These included the Lang aridity index, total evapotranspiration (ET) and MAT, which aligned with identified NDVI thresholds and accounted for 70% of the variation in NDVI. We found that across a global TDL distribution, ET was the strongest positive predictor and MAT the strongest negative predictor of the NDVI.Main conclusionsThe remote sensing‐based approach described here provides a comprehensive and quantitative biogeographical characterization of global TDL occurrence and the climatic and edaphic drivers of these landscapes.
Validation of the Clinical Frailty Scale version 2.0 in Turkish older patients
Authors: Aşık Zeynep , Kılınç Şule , Kurşun Özge , Özen Mehmet 
Published: July 2022

AimFrailty is a syndrome that affects certain older adults more than others, and it has physical, cognitive, psychological, social and environmental aspects. The aim of our study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) version 2.0 in Turkish. In total, 204 older adults aged ≥65 years took part in this study.MethodsThe necessary permissions were obtained from Rockwood et al. The Turkish version of CFS version 2.0 had been appropriately translated through translation to the back‐translation process. A questionnaire was used to investigate certain descriptive features, as well as the newly edited Turkish translation of CFS version 2.0, the Turkish version of the FRAIL Scale and the Turkish version of the Edmonton Frail Scale.ResultsThe age range was 65–95 years. In a Pearson correlation analysis, a positive link was discovered between FRAIL and CFS (r = 0.761 and P = 0.000) as well as CFS and Edmonton (r = 0.895 and P = 0.000).ConclusionThe Turkish translation of CFS version 2.0 has been determined to be suitable, valid and reliable for use in frailty screening in outpatient clinics. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 730–735.
Potential negative effect of total parenteral nutrition on the human circadian clock
Authors: Tatsumoto Muneto , Matsumura Ritsuko , Endo Takuyuki , Tokuda Isao T. , Node Koichi , Akashi Makoto 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhen patients cannot eat on their own, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a clinically beneficial method of maintaining nutrition. However, many animal studies have demonstrated that circadian rhythms are strongly affected by feeding time, raising the concern that continuous TPN around the clock may have an unexpected negative impact on the circadian clock of patients. To investigate this concern, we compared clock gene expression of aged subjects with or without TPN using hair follicle cells and found that while none of the non‐TPN subjects showed any obvious defects in circadian rhythms of peripheral clock gene expression, a portion of aged subjects receiving continuous TPN showed abnormal circadian rhythms in peripheral clocks. Continuous TPN around the clock may therefore potentially perturb peripheral circadian rhythms, giving rise to the proposal that TPN needs to be administered with consideration to time factors.
Effect of different MgFe2O4 contents on 3D gel‐printed porous TCP–MgFe2O4 composite scaffolds
Authors: Wu Jialei , Zhang Yuxuan , Wang Siqi , Han Lu , Duan Jing , Lin Tao , Peng Jiang , Shao Huiping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMagnetic materials have shown significant influence in the process of bone regeneration. In order to combine the bone repairing capability of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramic with magnetic material, porous TCP–MgFe2O4 composite scaffolds were successfully prepared by three‐dimensional (3D) gel‐printing technology, and the effect of different MgFe2O4 contents on TCP–MgFe2O4 composite scaffolds was studied. The viscosity of printing slurry prepared with polyvinyl alcohol as binder decreased with the increase of shear rate, showing shear thinning. Results show that following with MgFe2O4 content increasing from 30 to 70 wt%, the compressive strength of the composite scaffolds increased from 8.45 to 10.58 MPa, the saturation magnetization increased from 3.07 to 7.20 emu/g, and the weight loss rate of degradation in vitro increased from 1.83% to 2.1% after 4 weeks, respectively. Live and dead staining shows that MC3T3‐E1 cells had better proliferation on TCP–MgFe2O4 composite scaffolds than TCP scaffolds. Compared with pure TCP scaffolds, the addition of MgFe2O4 improves the comprehensive performance of scaffolds and meets the application requirements of bone repairing.
Dry sliding wear analysis of vacuum die‐casted hybrid aluminum nanocomposites using the DOE Taguchi method
Authors: Singh Mandeep , Goyal Khushdeep , Bhandari Deepak 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study focuses on the impact of wear process parameters on the sliding wear behavior of titanium oxide (TiO2) and yttrium oxide (Y2O3) reinforced pure aluminum (Al) hybrid nanocomposites. The optimization of wear test parameters for hybrid aluminum matrix nanocomposites (HAMNCs) was examined with the design of experiments Taguchi method. The HAMNCs were manufactured by a vacuum die casting technique using a unique double‐layer feeding method. Initially, mechanical characterization as tensile and hardness of HAMNC samples was performed to identify the optimum reinforcement. The nanocomposites at 5‐wt.% TiO2 + 5‐wt.% Y2O3 (HAMNC1) showed excellent tensile strength and microhardness of 127.6 MPa and 75.43 BHN, respectively, than the other configurations of HAMNCs. The three levels of machine process parameters as load at 5, 10, 15 N, sliding velocity at .5, 1, 1.5 m/s and sliding distance at 200, 400, and 600 m are selected to identify optimum process parameters of HAMNC1 that possess ultimate wear properties. The results derived from optimization were further predicted using ANOVA and regression equations for individual influences. The improved grain size observed in the wear surface morphology of HAMNC1 was performed using field emission scanning electron microscopy.
Martian regolith—Ti6Al4V composites via additive manufacturing
Authors: Afrouzian Ali , Traxel Kellen D. , Bandyopadhyay Amit 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn order to investigate the in‐space in situ resource utilization, directed energy deposition (DED)‐based additive manufacturing (AM) has been utilized to process Martian regolith—Ti6Al4V (Ti64) composites. Here we investigated the processability of depositing 5, 10, and 100 wt% of Martian regolith premixed with Ti6Al4V using laser‐based DED, analyzing the printed structure via X‐ray diffraction, Vicker's microhardness, scanning electron microscopic imaging, and wear characteristics utilizing an abrasive water jet cutter to simulate abrasive environments on the Martian surface. The results indicate that the surface roughness and hardness of the composites increase with respect to the Martian regolith’ weight percentage due to in situ ceramic reinforcement. For instance, i5‐wt% addition of Martian regolith increased the Vicker's microhardness from 366 ± 6 HV0.2 for as‐printed Ti64 to 730 ± 27 HV0.2 while maintaining similar abrasive wear performance as Ti6Al4V. The results point toward laser‐based AM for fabricating Ti64—Martian regolith composites with comparable properties. The study also reveals promising results in limiting the mass burden for future space missions, resulting in cheaper and easier launches.
Bandgap and electronic structure of CaSiN2: Experiment and theory
Authors: de Boer Tristan , Boyko Teak D. , Braun Cordula , Schnick Wolfgang , Moewes Alexander 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe interrogate the electronic properties of the nitridosilicate CaSiN2 as determined using soft X‐ray absorption and emission spectroscopy, which probe directly the partial electronic density of states. We compare our measurements to full potential, all electron density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Good agreement between experiment and theory is obtained, and the electronic bandgap of CaSiN2 is determined to be 3.95 ± 0.3 eV, in contrast with our predicted value of 4.78 eV that was calculated using the modified Becke–Johnson exchange‐correlation functional with the DFT framework.
Green emitting β$\ubeta$‐SiAlON:Eu2+ phosphors derived from chemically modified perhydropolysilazanes
Authors: Gao Yang , Iwasaki Ryo , Hamana Daiki , Iihama Junya , Honda Sawao , Kumari Munni , Hayakawa Tomokatsu , Bernard Samuel , Thomas Philippe , Iwamoto Yuji 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe report the first synthesis of β‐SiAlON:Eu2+ phosphors from single‐source precursors, perhydropolysilazane (PHPS), chemically modified with Al(OCH(CH3)2)3, and EuCl2. The reactions occurring during the precursor synthesis and the subsequent thermal conversion of polymeric precursors into β‐SiAlON:Eu2+ phosphors have been studied by a complementary set of analytical techniques, including infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, thermogravimetry–mass spectrometry, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. It has been clearly established that Al(OCH(CH3)2)3 immediately reacted with PHPS to afford N–Al bonds at room temperature, whereas N–Eu bond formation was suggested to proceed above 600°C accompanied by the elimination of HCl up to 1000°C in flowing N2. The subsequent 1800°C‐heat treatment for 1 h under an N2 gas pressure at 980 kPa allowed converting the single‐source precursors into fine‐grained β‐SiAlON:Eu2+ phosphors. XRD analysis revealed that the Al/Si of .09 was the critical atomic ratio in the precursor synthesis to afford single‐phase β‐SiAlON (z = .55). Moreover, Eu2+‐doping was found to efficiently reduce the carbon impurity in the host β‐SiAlON. The polymer‐derived β‐SiAlON:Eu2+ phosphors exhibited green emission under excitation at 460 nm and achieved the highest green emission intensity at the critical dopant Eu2+ concentration at 1.48 at%.
High‐temperature mechanical property and thermal shock resistance of Al2O3f/Al2O3 composites
Authors: Yang Xiang , Wen Zhang , Kun Chen , Yong‐kang Li , Zhi‐hang Peng , Chen‐cheng Sun , Wen‐jun Wu , Jian‐hui Cao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractContinuous alumina fiber–reinforced alumina matrix composites (Al2O3f/Al2O3 composites) were produced via sol–gel process, then the high‐temperature mechanical property and thermal shock resistance of Al2O3f/Al2O3 composites were investigated. The results showed that the composites exhibited excellent high‐temperature properties. The mechanical property of the composites was affected by heat treatment (prepared at 1100°C exhibited the most desirable mechanical property). The tensile strength of the composites abruptly decreased at higher temperatures. Although the mechanical property of the composites deteriorated after the thermal shock test was conducted at high temperatures, they exhibited excellent thermal shock resistance. After 50 thermal shock tests conducted at 1300 and 1500°C, the flexural strength of the composites was found to be 124.34 and 93.04 MPa, thus showing a decrease in strength with the increasing temperature.
Kinetics of crack healing and self‐repair behaviors in a sealant glass for SOFC applications
Authors: Rao Padmanapan , Singh Raj N. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA sealant is required for the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) to maintain hermeticity at high operating temperatures, keep fuel and oxidant from mixing, and avoid shorting of the cell stack. Glass and glass–ceramic materials are widely used as a sealant because their properties can be tailored to meet the stringent requirements of SOFC stack, but they are susceptible to cracking. In contrast, a promising concept of self‐repairable glass for seals is pursued for making reliable seals that can self‐repair cracks at the SOFC operating temperatures. This concept is studied through measuring crack‐healing kinetics and independent measurement of glass viscosity for relating to the observed self‐repair. The cracks on the glass surface are created using a Vickers indenter to achieve a well‐defined crack geometry, and then the glass is exposed to elevated temperatures for different length of times to study the crack‐healing kinetics. The crack‐healing kinetics is compared with the predictions of our theoretical model and found to be in good agreement. In addition, glass viscosity is extracted from the healing kinetics and compared with the independent measurement of viscosity measured from the dilatometry and sintering data to further validate the crack‐healing theoretical model. These results are presented and discussed.
Properties of CNTs‐modified lead‐free BCTS ceramic–Portland fly ash cement composites
Authors: Potong Ruamporn , Rianyoi Rattiyakorn , Chaipanich Arnon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFly ash (FA) is widely used as a supplementary cementitious material in the production of Portland cement concrete. The effect of addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and FA on the properties of barium calcium stannate titanate (BCTS) ceramic–Portland FA cement composites was investigated. These composites have potential for use as sensors and transducers in the monitoring of structural health in concrete structures containing FA. CNTs were found to have filled the pores of the composites. All composites showed good compatibility with the concrete mix. The dielectric constant and electrical conductivity of composites were in the range 200–257 and 1.04 × 10–6 to 1.66 × 10−6 S/m, respectively. The presence of FA in composites increased the piezoelectric voltage coefficient (g33). Adding CNTs increased the piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33), thickness electromechanical coupling coefficient (Kt), and also g33 but decreased mechanical quality factor (Qm), which is related to good for the receiving sensor and transducer application. CNTs can improve the properties of these composites and composite with FA content at 10 vol.%, and CNTs at 1 vol.% exhibited the highest compressive strength and piezoelectric values (d33 = 44 pC/N, g33 = 20.21×10–3 V m/N, and Kt = 18.9%), along with higher g33 values, than pure BCTS ceramic.
Effect of particle size on physical, techno‐functional and antioxidant properties of corn silk powder
Authors: Singh Jyoti , Kaur Sawinder , Rasane Prasad , Kumar Vikas , Nanda Vikas 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThe aim of the study was to determine the effect of particle size dispersion of corn silk on physical, techno‐functional and antioxidant properties. Corn silk (variety: G5417) was processed into size fractions of 750, 425, 300, 212, 150 and 75 μm and were characterised. The average particle size of the soluble fraction was found to be 364.4 d.nm. The particle size distribution of corn silk powder was found to have a substantial impact on different physical parameters. The results showed a significant decrease in (0.595 ± 0.02 g cm−3) to 300 m (0.420 ± 0.02 g cm−3) and for tapped density, values decreased from 0.725 ± 0.04 (750 μm) to 0.580 ± 0.02 g cm−3 (75 μm). The corn silk powder showed intermediate flow with the values of Carr's index from 1.21±  0.03% to 1.48 ± 0.17% and Hausner ratio 17.83 ± 2.68% to 33.63 ± 0.42%, respectively, from coarser to finer particles. The water absorption capacity increased significantly and oil absorption capacity decreased significantly (P < 0.05) from coarser to finer particles. The antioxidant activity increased significantly when the particle size was reduced. The results obtained showed that corn silk powder has the potential to be used for the development of instant mixes, infant food formulas, bakery food items and value‐added products.
Efficacy of ultrasound monitoring during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: A multi‐institutional propensity score‐matched study
Authors: Isogai Masahiko , Hamamoto Shuzo , Kawase Kengo , Okada Tomoki , Hattori Tatsuya , Chaya Ryosuke , Hamakawa Takashi , Sugino Teruaki , Taguchi Kazumi , Umemoto Yukihiro , Okada Atsushi , Yasui Takahiro 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound‐assisted monitoring during shock wave lithotripsy for kidney and proximal ureteral calculi.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 535 patients who initially underwent shock wave lithotripsy for renal or proximal ureteral calculi between January 2012 and December 2021. The patients were divided into the X‐ray group (n = 294) and ultrasound plus X‐ray group (n = 241) based on the methods of targeting and monitoring calculi during shock wave lithotripsy. Because of differences in patient backgrounds, 1:1 propensity score‐based matching was performed. The primary endpoint was the stone‐free rate.ResultsIn the final 1:1 matched cohort, 192 kidney stone cases and 162 proximal ureteral stone cases were analyzed. For patients with kidney calculi, the stone‐free rate of the ultrasound plus X‐ray group was significantly higher than that of the X‐ray group (66.7% vs. 47.9%; P = 0.013). In the multivariate analysis, a large stone area (odds ratio 2.37), lower caliceal stones (odds ratio 3.37), and X‐ray monitoring alone (odds ratio 0.49) were independently associated with shock wave lithotripsy failure. For patients with proximal ureteral stones, there was no significant difference in the stone‐free rate between the ultrasound plus X‐ray group and X‐ray group (71.6% and 58.0%, respectively; P = 0.100). During the multivariate analysis, high computed tomography attenuation (odds ratio 2.31) and large stone area (odds ratio 2.18) were independent factors associated with residual stones after shock wave lithotripsy.ConclusionsUltrasound‐assisted monitoring may contribute to a higher stone‐free rate for patients with kidney calculi, but not for those with proximal ureteral calculi.