bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stand and deliver: an integrative review of the evidence around birthing upright
Authors: Irvin Laura , De Leo Annemarie , Davison Clare 
Published: March 2022

Background The benefits of upright birth positions are well-established in the literature, yet women are persistently challenged to assume the lithotomy or supine birth positions. This study aimed to explore what is known about women's capacity to assume upright birth positions in hospital environments, and its effect on physiological birth. Methods A structured five-step approach was employed to conduct an integrative review of the literature. The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and MEDLINE were searched for articles on women's position during labour and birth in hospital settings. Four articles were selected for inclusion and subjected to thematic analysis to elicit themes and subthemes. Results Three core themes emerged from this review: ‘the biomedical model of care and workplace culture impact the positions women adopt during labour and birth’, ‘midwives' philosophy and views support physiological birth’ and ‘clinical settings are not conducive to physiological birth’. Conclusions Midwives are losing the skills and confidence to support women into upright birth positions. Improved education and training around upright birthing may see a rise in women adopting these positions in hospital environments.
SABERES DA DOCÊNCIA NA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR: ENFOQUE NAS METODOLOGIAS DE ENSINO ATIVAS E NAS TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS
Authors: Pena Neide , De Lima Coelho Luana 
Published: March 2022

Objetiva-se discutir os saberes necessários à docência na educação superior e o papel das metodologias ativas com tecnologias digitais no conjunto de saberes, que foram identificados a partir da revisão sistemática de literatura amparada em Tardif (2014) e Gauthier el al. (2006). Recorreu-se a estudos relacionados às metodologias ativas e tecnologias digitais, com um estudo de campo tipo survey, exploratório-descritivo. Evidencia-se fenômenos importantes relacionados aos saberes da docência e formação com novas perspectivas para a educação. Demonstra-se que as relações estabelecidas entre professores e alunos e os saberes disciplinares, curriculares e experienciais estão vinculados com as metodologias de ensino e que as tecnologias digitais podem contribuir com trabalho pedagógico e uma formação mais coerente às expectativas dos estudantes e da própria sociedade para que possam ocorrer uma integração de conhecimentos de forma significativa, fundamental para o desenvolvimento de competências autônomas de aprendizagem ao longo da vida, enquanto profissional e cidadão.
The entanglement of employers and political elites in migration policymaking: the case of Brexit and the revival of UK horticulture’s guestworker scheme
Authors: Scott Sam 
Published: March 2022

Background:Following Brexit, and the ending of freedom of movement, labour supply crises have emerged in the UK. The paper focuses on the horticultural sector, where these crises have been particularly pronounced, with fears of crops being left to rot in the fields now commonplace.
Aims and objectives:To examine the scale and nature of employer pressure on government with respect to UK low-wage migration policymaking in the period (2016–2020) following the Brexit vote.
Methods:Thematic analysis of five parliamentary inquiries over the 2016–2020 Brexit period covering 515 documents and amounting to a total of 4,227 pages of evidence.
Findings:Numerous political inquiries emerged after the 2016 Brexit referendum that opened up the opportunity for employers to publicly press government for more liberal low-wage migration policies. Employers responded with concerted, weighty and consistent pressure that revolved around: emphasising a labour supply crisis; underlining the lack of suitable local labour; presenting government with a range of unsavoury alternatives to low-wage immigration; and championing a new seasonal guestworker scheme to avoid these unsavoury alternatives.
Discussion and conclusions:The Brexit period (2016–2020) saw a willingness within UK government to listen to employers with respect to migration policy. In the food production industry, employers responded with a strong and consistent voice and they got what they wanted: a new horticultural guestworker scheme. We cannot say for certain though that correlation equals causation, and more research is now needed into the intimate entanglement of employers and political elites in the migration policy process.
Multi-axis modulated compact fiber-based Fabry–Perot interferometric
probe
Authors: Shabahang Farzaneh , Smith Stuart T. 
Published: March 2022

This paper presents design and operation of a multi-axis optical probe
for independently measuring the relative displacements of external
surfaces. Displacement is measured by mechanically modulating the
optical cavity formed by an internal surface and the external
surfaces, each of which comprise a Fabry–Perot interferometer.
Multiple sensing axes are created using a beam splitter, and these
sensing axes are separated by modulating the measurement paths at
different frequencies. Two probes have been fabricated and tested; the
first uses a single laser source with axes monitored by shuttering;
the second probe uses two source wavelengths with beam splitting
achieved using dichroic mirrors. Experimental results are presented
for mirrors moving independently over distances of 1 to 2 µm with
displacement noise less than 10-nm rms that is higher than the noise
floor of 2.8 nm for stationary mirrors. Currently, the bandwidth is
limited to the modulation frequencies ranging between 200 Hz and
2.43 kHz.
Machine-learning-based anomaly detection in optical fiber monitoring
Authors: Abdelli Khouloud , Cho Joo Yeon , Azendorf Florian , Griesser Helmut , Tropschug Carsten , Pachnicke Stephan 
Published: March 2022

Secure and reliable data communication in optical networks is critical for high-speed Internet. However, optical fibers, serving as the data transmission medium providing connectivity to billons of users worldwide, are prone to a variety of anomalies resulting from hard failures (e.g., fiber cuts) and malicious physical attacks [e.g., optical eavesdropping (fiber tapping)]. Such anomalies may cause network disruption, thereby inducing huge financial and data losses, compromising the confidentiality of optical networks by gaining unauthorized access to the carried data, or gradually degrading the network operations. Therefore, it is highly required to implement efficient anomaly detection, diagnosis, and localization schemes for enhancing the availability and reliability of optical networks. In this paper, we propose a data-driven approach to accurately and quickly detect, diagnose, and localize fiber fault anomalies, including fiber cuts and optical eavesdropping attacks. The proposed method combines an autoencoder-based anomaly detection and an attention-based bidirectional gated recurrent unit algorithm, whereby the former is used for fault detection and the latter is adopted for fault diagnosis and localization once an anomaly is detected by the autoencoder. We verify the efficiency of our proposed approach by experiments under various attack anomaly scenarios using real operational data. The experimental results demonstrate that (i) the autoencoder detects any fiber fault or anomaly with an F1 score of 96.86%, and (ii) the attention-based bidirectional gated recurrent unit algorithm identifies the detected anomalies with an average accuracy of 98.2% and localizes the faults with an average root mean square error of 0.19 m.
Evaluation of insecticide treated window curtains and water container covers for dengue vector control in a large-scale cluster-randomized trial in Venezuela
Authors: Lenhart Audrey , Castillo Carmen Elena , Villegas Elci , Alexander Neal , Vanlerberghe Veerle , van der Stuyft Patrick , McCall Philip J. 
Published: March 2022

Background
Following earlier trials indicating that their potential in dengue vector control was constrained by housing structure, a large-scale cluster-randomized trial of insecticide treated curtains (ITCs) and water jar covers (ITJCs) was undertaken in Venezuela.

Methods
In Trujillo, Venezuela, 60 clusters (6223 houses total) were randomized so that 15 clusters each received either PermaNet insecticide-treated window curtains (ITCs), permanent insecticide-treated water storage jar covers (ITJCs), a combination of both ITCs and ITJCs, or no insecticide treated materials (ITMs). A further 15 clusters located at least 5km from the edge of the study site were selected to act as an external control. Entomological surveys were carried out immediately before and after intervention, and then at 6-month intervals over the following 27 months. The Breteau and House indices were used as primary outcome measures and ovitrap indices as secondary. Negative binomial regression models were used to compare cluster-level values of these indices between the trial arms.

Results
Reductions in entomological indices followed deployment of all ITMs and throughout the trial, indices in the external control arm remained substantially higher than in the ITM study arms including the internal control. Comparing the ratios of between-arm means to summarise the entomological indices throughout the study, the combined ITC+ITJC intervention had the greatest impact on the indices, with a 63% difference in the pupae per person indices between the ITC+ITJC arm and the internal control. However, coverage had fallen below 60% by 14-months post-intervention and remained below 40% for most of the remaining study period.

Conclusions
ITMs can impact dengue vector populations in the long term, particularly when ITCs and ITJCs are deployed in combination.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov ISRCTN08474420; www.isrctn.com.
Analysis of nocturnal, hypoxia-induced miRNAs in sleep apnea patients
Authors: Goody Philip Roger , Nachtsheim Lisa , Hosen Mohammed Rabiul , von Krosigk Miriam , Christmann Dominik , Klussmann Jens Peter , Zietzer Andreas , Breitrück Nils , Jansen Felix , Jansen Stefanie 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. The underlying mechanisms are largely unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are RNAs circulating in the blood that can be released into the bloodstream during hypoxia. In the present study, we investigate if OSAS-induced hypoxia results in a release of miRNAs that may mediate OSAS-associated cardiovascular damage.

Methods
Blood was sampled from 23 OSAS patients before and after a polygraphically monitored night. Total circulating RNA was isolated from the plasma and quantified using real-time qPCR. Using a Taqman miRNA array, the levels of 384 different miRNAs were compared between evening and morning after polysomnography. The most highly upregulated miRNA (miRNA-505) and four additionally upregulated miRNAs (miRNA-127, miRNA-133a, miRNA-145, and miRNA-181a) were then quantified in a bigger patient cohort individually.

Results
Apnea/Hypopnea-Index (AHI) was evaluated and averaged at 26 per hour on nocturnal polygraphy. In an initial miRNA array, a total of 4 miRNAs were significantly regulated. A significant increase of miRNA-145 was observed in the larger patient cohort. No significant changes in concentration were detected for miRNA-127, miRNA-133a, miRNA-181a, and miRNA-505 in this larger cohort.

Conclusion
OSAS results in the nocturnal release of miRNAs into the bloodstream. Our collected data may indicate a hypoxia-induced release of miRNAs into the bloodstream of OSAS-patients. In vitro experiments are needed to confirm the secretion of these miRNAs under hypoxia and evaluate the effect on the cardio vasculature.
Prevalence and factors associated with health insurance coverage in urban sub-Saharan Africa: Multilevel analyses of demographic and health survey data
Authors: Amu Hubert , Dickson Kwamena Sekyi , Adde Kenneth Setorwu , Kissah-Korsah Kwaku , Darteh Eugene Kofuor Maafo , Kumi-Kyereme Akwasi 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
With the vision of achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC) by the year 2030, many sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries have implemented health insurance schemes that seek to improve access to healthcare for their populace. In this study, we examined the prevalence and factors associated with health insurance coverage in urban sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Materials and methods
We used the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from 23 countries in SSA. We included 120,037 women and 54,254 men residing in urban centres in our analyses which were carried out using both bivariable and multivariable analyses.

Results
We found that the overall prevalence of health insurance coverage was 10.6% among females and 14% among males. The probability of being covered by health insurance increased by level of education. Men and women with higher education, for instance, had 7.61 times (95%CI = 6.50–8.90) and 7.44 times (95%CI = 6.77–8.17) higher odds of being covered by health insurance than those with no formal education. Males and females who read newspaper or magazine (Males: AOR = 1.47, 95%CI = 1.37–1.57; Females: AOR = 2.19, 95%CI = 1.31–3.66) listened to radio (Males: AOR = 1.29, 95%CI = 1.18–1.41; Females: AOR = 1.42, 95%CI = 1.35–1.51), and who watched television (Males: AOR = 1.80, 95%CI = 1.64–1.97; Females: AOR = 1.86, 95%CI = 1.75–1.99) at least once a week had higher odds of being covered by health insurance.

Conclusion
The coverage of health insurance in SSA is generally low among urban dwellers. This has negative implications for the achievement of universal health coverage by the year 2030. We recommend increased public education on the benefits of being covered by health insurance using the mass media which we found to be an important factor associated with health insurance coverage. The focus of such mass media education could target the less educated urban dwellers, males in the lowest wealth quintile, and young adults (15–29 years).
A cross-sectional survey of burnout in a sample of resident physicians in Sudan
Authors: Elhadi Yasir Ahmed Mohammed , Ahmed Abdelmuniem , Salih Elhadi B. , Abdelhamed Osman S. , Ahmed Mohamed Hayder Hamid , El Dabbah Noha Ahmed 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundResident physicians in Sudan face a variety of physical and psychological stressors. Nevertheless, the prevalence of burnout syndrome among this critical population remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence rate of burnout and its associated factors in a sample of resident physicians in Sudan.MethodsA cross-sectional design was used to assess the burnout syndrome among resident physicians at the teaching hospitals of Wad-Medani in Gezira state, east-central Sudan. Three hundred resident physicians at the dermatology, general surgery, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, psychiatry, ear, nose and throat (ENT), oncology, urology, and internal medicine departments, were approached and invited to participate in the study. The Arabic version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory was distributed to respondents from July to October 2021.ResultsFrom the 300 resident physicians, 208 (69.3%) responded. The average age of the study population was 29.99 ± 3.01 years, with more than half were females (56.7%), single (59.6%), and with more than three years of residency experience (50.5%). In total, 86.1% met the criteria for burnout in at least one dimension and 13.9% in all three dimensions. On the dimension of emotional exhaustion (EE), 70.7% reported high levels of burnout. While, 44.2% reported high levels of depersonalization (DP), and 73.1% experienced a sense of decreased professional accomplishment (PA). There were significant differences in burnout, EE, and DP levels among different specialties, with the pediatrics-specialty trainees reported higher levels. Burnout syndrome was associated with the working hours per single duty; participants who reported working for more than 24 hours had experienced higher levels of burnout, EE, and DP.ConclusionLarge-scale studies are required to assess the determinants of burnout syndrome among resident physicians in Sudan. In addition, Stakeholders should urgently implement effective remedies to protect the mental health of resident physicians.
Linear growth and systemic glucocorticoid therapy in children with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Anugrah Dikahayu Alifia , Patria Suryono Yudha , Satria Cahya Dewi 
Published: March 2022

Background The use of long-term oral glucocorticoid therapy, specifically in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), has increased in the past two decades. Chronic glucocorticoid use may lead to a linear growth disturbances.
Objective To determine the association between linear growth and systemic glucocorticoid therapy in pediatric SLE patients.
Methods This retrospective cohort study used medical record data of pediatric SLE patients. All subjects received systemic glucocorticoids. The linear growth parameters recorded in this study were height-for-age z-score (HAZ) and height velocity at 0, 6, and 12 months of treatment. We recorded potential risk factors of linear growth disturbance, such as pubertal status, sex, SLE severity, pulse methylprednisolone use, daily glucocorticoid dose, and nutritional status.
Results Of 42 patients with SLE, 83.3% were female, with a mean age of 13 years at diagnosis. Eighteen subjects (42.9%) experienced abnormal height velocity. There was a significant reduction in HAZ between 0, 6, and 12 months of treatment (P=0.016). Between 0 and 6 months of treatment, there was a mean HAZ decrease of 0.11 (P=0.015). There was a trend towards a risk for decreased HAZ at 6 and 12 months of treatment with pulse methylprednisolone (RR 1.25 and 1.27, respectively), as well as for abnormal height velocity (RR 1.73), but they did not reach statistical significance.
Conclusion There is a reduction in linear growth in the first 12 months of systemic glucocorticoid therapy in children with SLE. Administration of systemic glucocorticoid significantly reduced HAZ in the first six months of therapy.
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy with sensory neural hearing loss as a complication: A 24-month follow up after the initiation of hypothermia therapy
Authors: Melda Melda , Prawirohartono Endy P. 
Published: March 2022

Perinatal asphyxia is one of the most common causes of newborn mortality, with an incidence of two to five cases per 1,000 live births in developed countries and tenfold in developing countries.1,2 Lack of oxygen at birth may cause hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) with severe neurological consequences, such as cerebral palsy, global developmental delay, blindness or visual defects, hearing loss or deafness, and other comorbidities. Hypothermia therapy is currently the only management option for HIE included in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) protocols.3
We report here a 24-month follow up of a full-term infant with moderate HIE who underwent hypothermia therapy for 72 hours. The patient had moderate sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) at her first brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) examination at 5 months of age, but had normal hearing and neurodevelopment after 24 months of follow-up.
Faktor yang Memengaruhi Luaran Kualitas Hidup Anak dengan Hidrosefalus Setelah Pemasangan Shunt Ventrikulo-Peritoneal di Rumah Sakit Umum dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang
Authors: Desmita Erni , Dewi Masayu Rita , Darwin Syarif , Permono Trijoso , Irfannuddin Irfannuddin , Indra Raden Muhammad 
Published: March 2022

Latar belakang. Anak hidrosefalus dengan VP shunt dapat mengalami penurunan kualitas hidup (QoL) akibat berbagai faktor yang hingga kini belum banyak diteliti.Tujuan. Menilai luaran QoL anak hidrosefalus dengan VP shunt dan faktor yang memengaruhinya.Metode. Anak berusia 5-18 tahun dengan hidrosefalus yang dipasang VP shunt tahun 2010-2015 diidentifikasi melalui rekam medis. Orangtua kemudian diwawancarai dengan panduan kuesioner HOQ (hydrocephalus outcome questionnaire). Hasil meliputi skor QoL pada aspek fisik, kognitif, dan keseluruhan. Skor 0 menunjukkan luaran terburuk dan skor 1 terbaik. Dilakukan analisis perbedaan skor berdasarkan faktor risiko (usia saat pemasangan, etiologi, adanya kejang dan komplikasi shunt) dan analisis kategorik berdasarkan pencapaian skor standar penelitian terdahulu (0,69).Hasil. Terdapat 95 anak yang diidentifikasi, 18 meninggal dan 46 dengan data tidak lengkap sehingga terdapat 31 anak yang dianalisis. Skor HOQ yang didapatkan, yaitu fisik 0,75±0,27, sosial-emosional 0,78±0,22, kognitif 0,66±0,31, dan keseluruhan 0,73±0,25. Skor HOQ keseluruhan lebih rendah pada anak dengan komplikasi. Kejang (RR 2,52) dan komplikasi shunt (RR 4,85) berhubungan dengan luaran buruk. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan hanya komplikasi yang berhubungan dengan QoL buruk (adjusted OR 15,11).Kesimpulan. Luaran QoL ditemukan lebih baik dibandingkan penelitian sebelumnya. Kejang dan komplikasi shunt dapat berpengaruh negatif terhadap luaran QoL anak hidrosefalus dengan VP shunt.
Struktur Populasi Ikan Baronang pada Ekosistem Lamun Di Pesisir Pulau Bintan
Authors: Jemi Jemi , Karlina Ita , Nugraha Aditya Hikmat 
Published: March 2022

Salah satu ekosistem pesisir yang dapat ditemukan di pesisir Pulau Bintan yaitu ekosistem lamun. Ikan baronang merupakan ikan ekonomis penting yang berasosiasi dengan padang lamun. Kondisi struktur ekosistem lamun yang berbeda di perairan pulau Bintan diduga dapat berpengaruh terhadap persebaran ikan baronang pada ekosistem lamun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kondisi tutupan lamun pada beberapa lokasi dan mendeskripsikan struktur populasi ikan baronang (Siganus sp) pada ekosistem lamun dengan tutupan berbeda di perairan pulau Bintan. Metode sampling tutupan lamun menggunakan transek kuadrat berukuran 50 x 50 cm dan sampling ikan baronang menggunakan jaring insang dasaran (bottom gill net). Diperoleh 8 jenis lamun yang tersebar di 4 stasiun penelitian. Tutupan lamun tertinggi terdapat di stasiun Pengudang dengan nilai 65,20% dengan kondisi kaya/padat. Terdapat 5 jenis ikan baronang. Jenis ikan baronang yang memiliki kelimpahan tertinggi yaitu Siganus canaliculatus. Tidak terjadi perbedaan yang signifikan untuk persebaran jenis ikan baronang pada lokasi penelitian One of the ecosystems that can be found on the coast of Bintan Island is the seagrass ecosystem. SIganus sp are economical fish associated with seagrass beds. The structure of the seagrass ecosystem is thought to have an effect on the distribution of Siganus sp in the seagrass ecosystem. This study aims to describe the condition of seagrass cover at several locations in the waters of Bintan Island and to describe the population structure of Siganus sp in seagrass ecosystems with different cover in the waters of Bintan Island. The seagrass cover sampling method used a quadratic transect measuring 50 x 50 cm and the Siganus sp fish sampling used a bottom gill net. Obtained 8 types of seagrass spread over 4 research stations. The highest seagrass cover was found at Pengudang station with a value of 65.20% with rich/dense conditions. There are 5 types of baronang fish. The type of baronang fish that has the highest abundance is Siganus canaliculatus. There is no significant difference for the distribution of baronang fish species at the study site.