bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landlord William Scully
Authors: Socolofsky Homer E. 
Published: April 2022

William Scully, an Irishman who was a member of the lesser landed gentry, put his life’s energy into the accumulation of high-quality, low-cost land. He carefully husbanded his inheritance, and in 1850 he traveled to the United States and purchased with personal savings more than 8,000 acres in central Illinois. In 1851 he acquired another 30,000 acres of swampy virgin land. He added to his holdings until, by the late nineteenth century, he had amassed almost 225,000 acres of fertile farm land in Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska, and had become an absentee, alien landlord to some 1,500 tenants.Meanwhile, Scully was involved in lawsuits and violent landlord-tenant confrontations over his Irish holdings, which exceeded 2,000 acres. In one skirmish with his tenants Scully was severely wounded and two of his party were killed. Public remonstrance against Scully’s actions brought his name into notoriety throughout Great Britain.To handle his huge estate in America, Scully employed agents who were strategically located near his land. He inaugurated formal leasing procedures, insisting on elaborate controls: cash rentals, one-year leases, tenant-owned improvements, and soil conservation measures—all unusual for the time. Agitation against his practices as an absentee landlord in the 1880s and 1890s was widely covered in newspapers of the times. Because Scully used crop liens and court action to protect his rights, he was widely denounced for his disregard for his tenants’ welfare. State legislation designed to limit acquisition and inheritance of land by aliens finally forced Scully to gain American citizenship in 1900, six years before his death.Homer Socolofsky’s biography of Scully, the product of more than thirty years of research, provides a narrative and analysis of Scully’s activities as an investor in both Ireland and the United States. It is based on numerous archival and newspaper sources never before analyzed in published works, including private business records of the Scully estate, as well as Socolofsky’s interviews with Scully tenants.Socolofsky traces the acquisitions that led to Scully’s vast wealth, stressing the landlord’s strong will and determination and his unique methods of management. He looks closely at the charges against Scully on both sides of the Atlantic and describes Scully’s court fights and other confrontations with his tenants. Finally, he follows the inheritance of Scully’s multi-million dollar estate from Scully’s death to the present.Scully’s colorful career provides a unique opportunity for studying the economics and politics of land use in this country during the nineteenth century. This volume moves beyond biography to encompass an important segment of the business and agricultural history of the American Midwest.
Brandeis on Democracy
Authors: Strum Philippa 
Published: April 2022

Philippa Strum, our foremost authority on Louis Brandeis, gathers together for the first time a sterling selection from his most provocative and profound writings. A kind of "Portable Brandeis," this book provides a concise and readable guide to the thought of a truly great American.Brandeis, the Ralph Nader of the early twentieth century, was known as the "People's Attorney" for his continuous crusades on behalf of the public. He spoke before citizens' groups and legislative bodies, wrote articles for popular magazines, put his ideas about industrial democracy in the briefs he submitted as a lawyer and later in the opinions he wrote as a Supreme Court justice (1916-1938), and advised presidents Woodrow Wilson and Franklin Roosevelt.The problems Brandeis faced and the answers he fashioned could have leaped from today's newspapers: corruption in government, conflicts between majority rule and minority rights, movements to limit free speech and the right to privacy, gender equality, the importance of education, the causes of and possible solutions for poverty, the social costs of excessive political or corporate power, the uneasy relationship between lawyers and the public, efficiency and justice in the workplace, the tension between Federal power and states' autonomy, and the responsibility of citizens to their community.In all his endeavors, Brandeis emphasized both political and economic democracy, citizen participation, and a balance between rights and responsibilities. As leader of the American Zionist movement from 1914 through the 1930s, he dreamed of a democratic Jewish homeland in Palestine founded on Jeffersonian principles. And there were similar echoes of the Founding Fathers in his campaign against the corporate trusts in the United States.These selections from Brandeis's speeches, letters to family and colleagues, newspaper interviews, articles, and judicial opinions offer us the essence of Brandeis's genius and allow us to appreciate the range and relevance of his ideas for America today.
Kansas Governors
Authors: Socolofsky Homer E. 
Published: April 2022

This one-stop reference work is a governors’ hall of fame—a compendium of information about the 51 men who have held the chief executive post since the opening of the Kansas Territory in 1854.Using both primary and secondary sources, historian Homer Socolofsky sketches a concise biography of each governor and compares their roles in Kansas history. He also provides comparative election and demographic data, as well as suggestions for additional reading.Supplementing the text are 93 historic photographs, including each chief executive’s portrait and autograph. Twelve maps and tables depict and compare aspects of the governors’ lives, showing occupational background, birthplace, and residence.Kansas Governors brings together in a single volume a far more complete treatment of both territorial and state governors—as well as acting governors—than can be found in other biographical dictionaries. It will be a useful tool for Kansas history buffs, and an essential reference for school and public libraries.
The Idea of Democracy in the Modern Era
Authors: Ketcham Ralph 
Published: April 2022

Although the last half of the twentieth century has been called the Age of Democracy, the twenty-first has already demonstrated the fragility of its apparent triumph as the dominant form of government throughout the world.Reassessing the fate of democracy for our time, distinguished political theorist Ralph Ketcham traces the evolution of this idea over the course of four hundred years. He traces democracy's bumpy ride in a book that is both an exercise in the history of ideas and an explication of democratic theory.Ketcham examines the rationales for democratic government, identifies the fault lines that separate democracy from good government, and suggests ways to strengthen it in order to meet future challenges. Drawing on an encyclopedic command of history and politics, he examines the rationales that have been offered for democratic government over the course of four manifestations of modernity that he identifies in the Western and East Asian world since 1600.Ketcham first considers the fundamental axioms established by theorists of the Enlightenment—Bacon, Locke, Jefferson—and reflected in America's founding, then moves on to the mostly post-Darwinian critiques by Bentham, Veblen, Dewey, and others that produced theories of the liberal corporate state. He explains late-nineteenth-century Asian responses to democracy as the third manifestation, grounded in Confucian respect for communal and hierarchical norms, followed by late-twentieth-century postmodernist thought that views democratic states as oppressive and seeks to empower marginalized groups.Ketcham critiques the first, second, and fourth modernity rationales for democracy and suggests that the Asian approach may represent a reconciliation of ancient wisdom and modern science better suited to today's world. He advocates a reorientation of democracy that de-emphasizes group or identity politics and restores the wholeness of the civic community, proposing a return to the Jeffersonian universalism—that which informed the founding of the United States-if democracy is to flourish in a fifth manifestation.The Idea of Democracy in the Modern Era is an erudite, interdisciplinary work of great breadth and complexity that looks to the past in order to reframe the future. With its global overview and comparative insights, it will stimulate discussion of how democracy can survive—and thrive—in the coming era.
Тест-система с адсорбционным чипом для экспресс-диагностики заболеваний репродуктивного тракта
Authors: Хороших Наталья Владимировна , Золотухин Владимир Олегович , Миттова Валентина Олеговна , Мадыкин Юрий Юрьевич , Золотухин Олег Владимирович 
Published: April 2022

В последнее время для проведения экспресс-диагностики перед назначением эмпирической фармакотерапии все большую популярность приобретают методы, основанные на pH-метрии. В работе рассмотрена возможность создания тест-системы с адсорбционным чипом на основе хлопковой целлюлозы, модифицированной индикатором для экспресс-диагностики заболеваний мочеполовой системы. В основе метода лежит биологический феномен изменения кислотности при развитии патологического процесса.
Был осуществлен выбор индикатора, способного реагировать на изменение кислотности в диапазоне рН 5.5-7.5, подобран оптимальный растворитель для приготовления раствора индикатора с гипоаллергенными свойствами, высокой способностью к адгезии и умеренной вязкостью, определено необходимое количество раствора для эффективной диагностики и подобран носитель для индикатора. В качестве индикатора был выбран бромтимоловый синий (3’,3’-дибромтимолсульфофталеин).
Предложены условия фиксации бромтимолового синего на целлюлозе, установлены условия предподготовки взятых проб и стандартизации ввода их в чип, исследована длительность сохранения свойств полученного чипа во времени. В результате, была предложена схема закрепления бромтимолового синего на прокладках Kotex. Предлагаемая тест-система, в которой сенсором служит адсорбированный чип на основе целлюлозы, модифицированный индикатором, является оригинальной. Данную сенсорику можно считать одной из разновидностей распределительной хроматографии.
Эффективность разработанной тест-системы была оценена клинически у 50 женщин в возрасте от 19 до 75 лет. В качестве контроля проводили измерение рН влагалищной жидкости стандартным способом и бактериоскопическое исследование мазка, окрашенного по Граму. Установлено, что обработка полученного отклика на изменение окраски адсорбированного на носителе индикатора позволяет установить степень выраженности воспалительного процесса репродуктивного тракта обследуемых женщин. Интенсивность окрашивания тест-системы коррелировала с активностью воспалительного процесса, а не с особенностями микроорганизмов, вызывающих патологический процесс.
Анализ полученных данных дает достоверные результаты для проведения ранней диагностики заболеваний мочеполовой системы инфекционного генеза, приводятся рекомендации по особенностям использования тест-системы.
Изучение термических свойств органо-неорганических композитов с четвертичными аминогруппами на основе магадиита
Authors: Новикова Татьяна Николаевна , Roessner Frank , Селеменев Владимир Федорович 
Published: April 2022

Магадиит – слоистый силикат, слои которого состоят из тетраэдров SiO4 и гидратированных подвижных катионов, находящихся между этими слоями; в большинстве случаев такими катионами являются катионы натрия. В его структуре присутствует 3 слоя силиконовых тетраэдров. Наличие у магадиита в межслоевом пространстве подвижных катионов натрия делают его способным к химической модификации. Синтез органо-неорганических композитов можно осуществлять через привитие аминосиланов к межслоевым гидрооксильным группам магадиита. Неорганическая основа в виде слоистого магадиита позволит использовать эти композиты в более широком диапазоне температур в отличии от их органических аналогов. Целью работы было изучение термических свойств органо-неорганических композитов с четвертичными аминогруппами на основе магадиита.
Объектами исследования являлись органо-неорганические композиты с четвертичными аминогруппами на основе магадиита НММСl (магадиит, модифицированный хлоридом N-триметоксисилилпропил–N,N,N-триметиламмония) и НММI (магадиит, модифицированный иодидом N-диметилметоксисилилпропил–N,N,N-триэтиламмония).
Термические свойства синтезированных композитов были исследованы с помощью термогравиметрического метода анализа и метода ИК-спектроскопии диффузного отражения в режиме «in situ» в процессе непрерывного нагревания образцов до достижения определенных температур. Выбор температур ИК-исследования обуславливался положением максимумов на термограммах гибридных материалов.
В работе были получены и проанализированы термогравиметрические кривые и ИK-спектры диффузного отражения магадиита модифицированного аминосиланами с четвертичными аминогруппами. Определены предполагаемые этапы многостадийного процесса разложения органо-неорганических композитов и их температурные диапазоны.
Предложено, что процесс разложения органо-неорганических композитов с четвертичными аминогруппами на основе магадиита состоит из дегидратации, деструкции привитого органического слоя с восстановлением свободных силанольных групп, распада связанных водородной связью силанольных групп с дальнейшим их дегидроксилированием. Максимальная температура, до которой исследуемые гибридные материалы сохраняют свои свойства, составила T≤130°C, что практически почти в два раза выше температуры органических аналогов – анионообменников.
Key markers for diagnosis of minimal residual disease in multiple myeloma
Authors: Tolstykh E. E. , Tupitsyn N. N. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Therapeutic advances in recent years, the appearance on the market each time of new drugs that allow patients to achieve complete remission, a long period without progression dictate the need to control treatment by monitoring residual disease in multiple myeloma. Monitoring of multiple myeloma is the detection of a small number of tumor cells after therapy in a patient, which may be the cause of recurrence of the disease – control of minimal residual disease (MRD). This article discusses the key diagnostic markers (CD45, CD56 and CD19) of minimal residual multiple myeloma disease at initial diagnosis and after induction therapy. There are various diagnostic methods of research that can reliably assess the response to therapy and predict the occurrence of relapse. The main methods for detecting MRD are allele-specific polymerase chain reaction, next-generation sequencing and multicolor flow cytometry. The diagnosis of MRD by flow cytometry is the most widely used quite fast, quantitative, sensitive and affordable method, it is used for the primary diagnosis of multiple myeloma, as well as for monitoring MRD. It is important to identify the aberrant immunophenotype during the initial diagnosis for the correct subsequent assessment of MRD. MRD of multiple myeloma is considered an important component in the course of patient therapy before hematopoietic stem cell autotransplantation to assess the effectiveness of therapy, control and prognosis of the disease.The aim of the work MRD-study with the key diagnostic markers in multiple myeloma (CD45, CD56 and CD19).Materials and methods. The study was carried out in 59 patients with multiple myeloma. For all patients, in addition to standard methods of diagnosis and staging of the disease, bone marrow morphology (myelogram) and immunophenotype were examined. Eight-color flow cytometry with a panel of monoclonal antibodies for the diagnosis of plasma cell tumors Euro-Flow 2012 was used to diagnose MRD.Results. MRD was assessed by markers CD45, CD56 and CD19 in patients with multiple myeloma after induction therapy. The incidence of MRD-positivity for CD45 was 87.5 %, for CD56 – 97.5 %, for CD19 – 95.5 %. The incidence of MRD-negative status was for CD45 was 12.5 %, for CD56 – 2.5 % and for CD19 – 4,5 %.Conclusion. The use of a complex of these markers allows the most accurate determination of the MRD-negative status, taking into account the primary immunophenotype of malignant plasma cells.
The analysis of the consumption level of antihypertensive drugs and statins in a retail pharmacy of the Samara Region in 2015–2020
Authors: Petrukhina I. K. , Lebedev P. A. , Gladunova E. P. , Ryazanova T. K. , Garanin A. A. , Blinkova P. R. 
Published: April 2022

Objective: to determine the compliance of antihypertensive drugs consumption with the trends of modern pharmacotherapy.Material and methods. The analysis of the consumption level of antihypertensive drugs, their fixed combinations (FC), as well as statins in the retail sector of the pharmaceutical market of the Samara Region in 2015–2020 was carried out. The material of this retrospective study was information about the nomenclature and volume of drug sales in physical and monetary terms for the period under review in one of the retail pharmacies of the Samara Region. The traditional method of pharmacoepidemiological analysis aimed at studying the correctness, completeness and preferences of drug use in real practice is questionnaires for physicians and patients. The main antihypertensive drugs (diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, β-blockers) and their FC were selected for the analysis.Results. Long-term use of medications aimed at reducing high blood pressure and hypercholesterolemia is seen as an effective strategy for reducing cardiovascular complications and mortality in both primary and secondary prevention. The analysis of sales of basic cardiological drugs in the pharmacy network segment of the Samara Region in 5-year dynamics showed that the consumption of hypotensive drugs and statins makes up 4.72% of the total item sales, with prevalence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (28.0%) and β-blockers (23.5%), with insufficient consumption of FC (23.7%), extremely low sales of statins (7.58%).Conclusion. The structure of the studied segment of the pharmaceutical market is conservative with insufficient positive dynamics in the consumption of effective modern drugs and their FC.
Efficacy of targeted drugs for the treatment of adults with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in the Russian Federation: a systematic literature review update
Authors: Sokolova V. D. , Sableva N. A. , Mladov V. V. , Tolkacheva D. G. 
Published: April 2022

Background. A systematic literature review helps to identify the main treatment options, and evidence synthesis supports decision-making by comparing clinical efficacy of different treatments. Nowadays new drugs and clinical trials emerge rapidly, so previous network meta-analyses might need to be updated.Objective: to update the existing systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing efficacy of targeted drugs in adult patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis by adding randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on a new interleukin (IL) 23 inhibitor registered in the Russian Federation – risankizumab, and other RCTs published after 2019; to reassess the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 75/90 numbers of patients needed to treat to achieve clinical response to therapy and the costs per responder for 12–16 weeks and 1 year of therapy.Material and methods. We updated our systematic literature search in the PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase databases. Evidence synthesis included RCTs evaluating the efficacy of adalimumab (ADA), infliximab (INF), etanercept (ETN), certolizumab pegol (CZP), ixekizumab (IXE), netakimab (NTK), secukinumab (SEC), risankizumab (RIS), guselkumab (GUS), ustekinumab (UST), tofacitinib (TOFA), and apremilast (APR) after 12 weeks of therapy. The Bayesian meta-analyses with meta-regression models were performed in order to account for high heterogeneity in patient characteristics and significant differences in the placebo response rates. The considered drugs were ranked based on values of surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). Additionally, drug class analyses were carried out.Results. Twenty three new RCTs were added to the network. IL-23 inhibitor RIS, recently approved in the Russian Federation, has joined the group of the most efficacious drugs, such as IL-17 inhibitors NTK and IXE, as well as IL-23 inhibitor GUS. In terms of PASI 75, RIS and IXE showed superiority compared to all tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) inhibitors (INF, ADA, ETN), small molecules (TOFA and APR), and IL-12/23 inhibitor UST, while NTK and GUS were characterized by comparable efficacy with INF and outperformed the remaining drugs. There were no statistically significant differences in efficacy between all the TNFα inhibitors. GUS, IXE, INF, NTK, RIS and SEC demonstrated that no more than 2 patients need to be treated to achieve one PASI 75 response, and no more than 3 need to be treated for one PASI 90 response (according to the upper limit of 95% credible interval). Same as in the previously published study, NTK showed the lowest costs per responder for both 12-week and 1-year periods.Conclusion. The addition of head-to-head trials and increased statistical power of the network revealed previously unidentified significant differences between treatment options for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.
Sustainable Leadership Practices in Public Relations: A Study on TED Leadership Talks
Authors: ÜNLÜ Simge , YAŞAR Lütfiye , BİLİCİ Erdal 
Published: April 2022

TED is a conference where leaders with different interests share their experiences. That conferences are held several times a year. Leaders contribute to their leadership skills by exchanging information at these conferences. In this research it is aimed to examine TED’s talks according to public relations leadership models within the framework of the concept of sustainable leadership. The research is essential in terms of revealing the leadership models and sustainable leadership roles in leadership speeches. In this context, the research sample consists of three speeches that received the most attention. Content and discourse analysis were used together as a research method. TED’s leadership speech content was first classified by the content analysis method in version 20.2.2 of the Maxqda program. Then, the obtained categories were also analyzed by the discourse analysis method. In this context, charismatic leadership, visionary leadership, and success-based leadership models were mentioned in leadership speeches. Leaders’ ability to change the world, being strong, reliable/transparent, and being open to learning were highlighted in the speech content. It has been seen that leadership roles and perceptions shape macro discourse in TED’s leadership speeches. In this context, it has been determined that the macro discourses mentioned are formed through the role of the leader to unite his followers around a belief or purpose, to foresee change, to provide consultancy, to create innovation, and to manage the masses. While micro-discourse was shaped around everyday language, establishing causality and reference connections in speech rhetoric drew attention.
The Dependence on the Moho Depth of the b-Value of the Gutenberg–Richter Law
Authors: Godano Cataldo , Tramelli Anna , Petrillo Giuseppe , Bellucci Sessa Eliana , Lippiello Eugenio 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We investigate the dependence of the Gutenberg–Richter b parameter on the crustal thickness quantified by the Moho depth, for nine different regional catalogs. We find that, for all the catalogs considered in our study, the b-value is larger in areas presenting a thicker crust. This result appears in apparent contradiction with previous findings of a b decreasing with the focal depth. However, both the results are consistent with acoustic emission experiments, indicating a b-value inversely proportion to the applied differential stress. Our results can be indeed interpreted as the signature of a larger stress concentration in areas presenting a thinner crust. This is compatible with the scenario where postseismic deformation plays a central role in stress concentration and in aftershock triggering.