bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Switchable Protocol for Selective Synthesis of gem‐Dibromo Compounds and Amides from Ketoximes using TsNBr2
Authors: Mishra Debashish , Loukrakpam Dineshwori Chanu , Neog Smriti Rekha , Hazarika Debojit , Phukan Prodeep 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA base controlled metal‐free method for selective synthesis of N‐substituted amide and α,α–dibromoketones have been developed by treating ketoximes with N,N‐dibromo‐p‐toluenesulfonamide (TsNBr2) within a very short reaction time. Interesting feature of the process is that the product selectivity can be switched just by addition or exclusion of the base under the identical reaction condition. It was found that addition of a base in the reaction mixture drives the reaction towards a pathway which is completely different from that without having the additive in the medium. Additionally, another novel strategy has also been developed for synthesis of 1‐(dibromomethyl)benzenes directly from aldehyde using TsNHNH2 and TsNBr2 under metal‐free condition.
Antimicrobial Nanostructured Assemblies with Extremely Low Toxicity and Potent Activity to Eradicate Staphylococcus Aureus Biofilms
Authors: Sun Jing , Ma Xutao , Li Rongye , Lin Min , Shu Lilei , Chen Xuesi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSelf‐assembled cationic polymeric nanostructures have been receiving increasing attention for efficient antibacterial agents. In this work, a new type of antibacterial agents is developed by preparing pH‐dependent nanostructured assemblies from cationic copolypeptoid poly(N‐allylglycine)‐b‐poly(N‐octylglycine) (PNAG‐b‐PNOG) modified with cysteamine hydrochloride ((PNAG‐g‐NH2)‐b‐PNOG) driven by crystallization and hydrophobicity of the PNOG blocks. Due to the presence of confined domains arising from crystalline PNOG, persistent spheres and fiber‐like assemblies are obtained from the same polymer upon a heating‐cooling cycle. This allows for direct comparison of antimicrobial efficiency of nanostructured assemblies with various morphologies that are otherwise similar. Both nanostructured assemblies exhibit extremely low toxicity to human red blood cells, irrespective of the presence of the hydrophobic block. Enhanced antimicrobial performance of the fiber‐like micelles compared to the spheres, which result in high selectivity of the fibers, is shown. Notably, the fiber‐like micelles show great efficacy in inhibition of the Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilm formations and eradication of the mature biofilms, superior to vancomycin. The micelles also show potent in vivo antimicrobial efficacy in a S. aureus infection mouse skin model. With a systematic study, it is demonstrated that both micelles kill the bacteria through a membrane disruption mechanism. These results imply great potential of polypeptoid assemblies as promising excellent candidates for antibacterial treatment and open up new possibilities for the preparation of a new generation of nanostructured antimicrobials.
Topical photodynamic therapy for genital warts: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cao Zhi , Wang Peiru , Zhang Haiyan , Zhang Linglin , Zhang Guolong , Wang Xiuli 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHigh recurrence rate and adverse effects were common shortcomings in treatments for genital warts, but a number of clinical studies have found that photodynamic therapy (PDT) had some unique superiority compared to other treatments. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PDT for genital warts in comparison to alternative treatments. Seven databases and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched and seven randomized controlled trials were finally included. There was no significant difference in clearance rate of urethral lesions between the PDT group and the CO2 laser therapy (CO2‐LT group) (Odds ratio [OR] 0.676, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.071–6.426, P = 0.734), but the overall clearance rate of all genital warts was slightly lower for PDT (OR 0.574, CI 0.335–0.985, P = 0.044). The recurrence rate after PDT was significantly lower than after CO2‐LT (OR 0.318, CI 0.220–0.460, P < 0.001), and adverse effects were also slighter after PDT (OR 0.015, CI 0.003–0.074, P < 0.001). In addition, a modification of parameters of light irradiation provides the potential to alleviate pain. This study shows that PDT is an effective treatment for genital warts with good tolerability and safety, especially for cavitary lesions. Some modified protocols probably have the potential to reduce adverse effects, but still need further investigation.
Biopolymer derived superabsorbent for environmental sustainability: A review
Authors: Sinha Sweta 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIncreased environmental degradation and solid waste production has resulted in a higher demand for biodegradable materials based on biopolymers. Superabsorbent are three‐dimensional cross linked polymeric material that allow huge amounts of liquid to absorb. Synthetic superabsorbents (SABs) are extensively used as an absorbent of aqueous solutions for various applications, mainly as adult incontinence, feminine hygiene products etc. The major components of synthetic superabsorbents are acrylic/methacrylic acid. According to the report of US Environmental Protection Agency, the acrylamide used in the production of synthetic superabsorbent is extremely carcinogenic when exposed to people. On the other hand, A large number of synthetic Superabsorbent polymers are quite resistant to the environmental degradation process, and thus responsible for the accumulation of solid waste material. However, the presence of hazardous and undegraded content in the synthetic superabsorbents leads the designing of biopolymer based superabsorbents. These developed hybrid materials of superabsorbents are a combination of renewable raw materials and synthetic polymers. Biopolymer‐based superabsorbent has a lot of potential due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non‐lethal qualities. This review paper discusses the general perspective, characterization, and synthesis strategies for the production of hybrid superabsorbents. In addition, the methodologies for illustrating these superabsorbent hydrogels, as well as their prospective uses, are discussed.
Molecular docking analysis on antifungal properties of acid condensate produced from palm kernel shell
Authors: Azman Wan Nur Dinie Hidayah Wan , Hamzah Mohd Amir Asyraf Mohd , Yahayu Maizatulakmal , Zakaria Zainul Akmar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe rise in the number of fungi that resisted antifungal action is of serious concern nowadays. In this study, the potential of acid condensate (AC) produced from microwave‐assisted pyrolysis of palm kernel shell (PKS) was investigated for its antifungal properties through molecular docking evaluation. The phenolic‐rich AC was determined for its chemical compositions using the GC–MS analysis where compounds with the highest phenolics content were further evaluated (using the Autodock Tools 1.5.7) for its potential enzymes/protein binding properties. From the GC–MS analysis, catechol, guaiacol and syringol were present at highest percentages. This directly correlates with results obtained from the molecular docking works where all these ligands managed to bind (indicated by H‐bond, π‐stacking, hydrophobic interaction) with some of the amino acid at the active sites which indicate its potential to inhibit substrate binding of this enzyme. As a conclusion, this study demonstrated the potential use of AC from agricultural biomass such as PKS as a natural‐based antifungal agent that can reduce environmental and health impacts.
Neonatal and long‐term outcomes of infants with congenital cytomegalovirus infection and negative amniocentesis: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chatzakis C. , Sotiriadis A. , Dinas K. , Ville Y. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveCytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA is detectable in the amniotic fluid collected by amniocentesis in cases in which the fetus has been infected. However, cases of congenital neonatal CMV infection with a negative amniocentesis result have also been reported in the literature. The aim of the present study was to compare pregnancies with a negative amniocentesis result to those with a positive amniocentesis result in terms of incidence of fetal insult and long‐term sequelae.MethodsObservational studies that included pregnant women with CMV infection who underwent amniocentesis and that reported their results together with neonatal and/or long‐term outcomes of the offspring were included. The risk of bias in included studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The rate of severe symptoms at birth, defined as neurological symptoms or multiorgan involvement at birth, and the rate of severe sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and/or neurodevelopmental impairment at follow‐up were the main outcomes of the study. The secondary outcome was the rate of pregnancy termination due to the presence of CMV‐associated central nervous system (CNS) findings or multiorgan involvement on ultrasound/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).ResultsSeven studies were included in the systematic review and meta‐analysis. The pooled false‐negative rate of amniocentesis was 8.0% (95% CI, 5.0–13.0%). The pooled rate of severe symptoms at birth was 0.0% (95% CI, 0.0–1.0%; I2 = 0%) in fetuses with a negative amniocentesis result and 22.0% (95% CI, 11.0–38.0%; I2 = 75%) in those with a positive amniocentesis result. The pooled odds ratio (OR) was 0.03 (95% CI, 0.01–0.10; I2 = 0%). The pooled rate of severe SNHL and/or neurodevelopmental impairment at follow‐up in fetuses with a negative amniocentesis result was 0.0% (95% CI, 0.0–1.0%; I2 = 0%) and, in those with a positive amniocentesis result, it was 14.0% (95% CI, 7.0–26.0%; I2 = 64%). The pooled OR was 0.04 (95% CI, 0.01–0.14; I2 = 0%). The pooled rate of pregnancy termination due to the presence of CMV‐associated CNS findings or multiorgan involvement on ultrasound/MRI was 0.0% (95% CI, 0.0–2.0%; I2 = 0%) in fetuses with a negative amniocentesis result and 20.0% (95% CI, 10.0–36.0%; I2 = 82%) in those with a positive amniocentesis result. The pooled OR was 0.03 (95% CI, 0.01–0.08; I2 = 0%). A subgroup analysis including only pregnancies with primary CMV infection and a sensitivity analysis including only prospective studies were carried out, showing very similar results to those of the main analysis.ConclusionA negative amniocentesis result in pregnant women with CMV infection ensures lack of fetal insult and long‐term sequelae to the child, even if transmission has occurred. © 2022 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Ruffed grouse do not exhibit high potential for reservoir competency of common tick‐borne pathogens
Authors: Munn Douglas T. , Robbin Lindsay L. , Dibernardo Antonia , Nocera Joseph J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRuffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) are ground‐dwelling forest birds found throughout New Brunswick, and likely act as an alternative host for blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis), which are vectors for Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Other Galliformes are parasitized by Ixodes spp. and some are competent reservoirs of tick‐borne pathogens. Thus, we sought to identify ruffed grouse as an alternative host of blacklegged ticks by testing for active and previous infections of tick‐borne pathogens. We tested 215 ruffed grouse hearts for active infection of B. burgdorferi and tested 20 blood samples for antibodies associated with previous B. burgdorferi infections. We failed to detect active, or evidence of previous, B. burgdorferi infections in either sample type. We suggest that our results were limited by the methods of pathogen testing and thus, alternative methods should be investigated.
An evaluation of translocation as a tool to reduce burrowing owl collisions at airports
Authors: Santos Eduardo G. , Wiederhecker Helga C. , Machado Ricardo B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBird strikes at airports pose a human‐wildlife conflict (HWC) present in the world's major cities. Conflict mitigation frequently encompasses translocation, but its effectiveness in resolving HWCs is unclear. Here, we used the Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) as a model species to test the effectiveness of translocation in reducing the number of bird strikes, the primary HWC at airports. We explored the translocation process, focusing on 3 aspects: 1) the influence of landscape structure on the persistence time of translocated animals at the released sites, 2) the influence of the release distance from the source on the return of translocated animals, and 3) the strike rate involving the species at the capture site at Brasília International Airport (BSB). Our results did not support burrowing owl translocation as a management option for solving the HWC at the BSB. We also found that the landscape composition did not guarantee individual persistence since the animals did not remain at release sites, regardless of the spatial configuration. Release distance did not explain the frequency of return of translocated animals to the capture site. Finally, we registered a higher number of collisions during translocation management. Thus, we believe that wildlife management programs must monitor translocated animals assessing if translocations are suited for the context.
Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Wüthrich Mario V. , Merz Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter considers recurrent neural (RN) networks. These are special network architectures that are useful for time-series modeling, e.g., applied to time-series forecasting. We study the most popular RN networks which are the long short-term memory (LSTM) networks and the gated recurrent unit (GRU) networks. We apply these networks to mortality forecasting.
Cross-Linguistic Influence: Bilingual EMI Lecturers’ English and Chinese Entwined
Authors: Han Jinghe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the previous two Chapters, the pedagogical ideology of the participating lecturers and the subsequent reality of their ‘instruction’ and ‘engagement’ was examined. From a psycholinguistic perception this Chapter focuses on the Chinese lecturers’ L1-influenced English in their teaching. The data indicates that cross-linguistic influence was the cognitive reality for the EMI lecturers and provided a scaffolding role in their teaching. This research suggests that although the EMI lecturers’ L1 and L2 are two genetically distant languages, they were interdependent and formed a stable construct that served as a powerful language resource in their teaching. Theoretically, this Chapter moves beyond a structuralist view of judging language transfer as right or wrong, correct or incorrect, perfect or deficit. It has implemented a post-structuralist interpretation of this phenomenon by proposing ‘explicit’ and ‘implicit’ transfer and acknowledging L1-influenced EMI lecturers’ English as a temporary form of languaging within the translaguaging process.
Pragmatic Transfer: Reflecting on the Use of EMI Lecturers’ Pragmatic Markers
Authors: Han Jinghe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAcknowledging the critical nature of EMI lecturers as bi- or multilinguals, this Chapter continues the investigation into cross-linguistic influence now turning attention to its pragmatic features. It focuses on the Chinese lecturers’ metalinguistic skills, particularly the L1 (Chinese) to L2 (English) transfer in their use of pragmatic markers (PMs). The investigation is informed by current studies arguing that highly proficient L2 language users do not necessarily make the most effective teachers, and the capacity to employ pragmatic strategies is essential to engage students’ learning; and that from amongst all the competencies in which lecturers should be proficient, one of the most essential is pragmatic competence. This Chapter provides an analysis of the participating EMI lecturers’ verbal characteristics of the PMs they implemented in their teaching. Whilst acknowledging individual differences, the trend of PM use and the degree of pragmatic transfer revealed in this group’s EMI teaching can be explained in terms of their pedagogical ideologies and subsequent practice, culturally influenced teacher-student relationships, the EMI discipline and its relevant subject matter and the lecturers’ language cognition as L2 users.
When Structuralism and Post-structuralism Collide: EMI Lecturers’ Monolingual Ideology and Translanguaging Practice
Authors: Han Jinghe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis Chapter activated a post-structuralist translanguaging perspective to investigate the Chinese EMI lecturers’ position and practice as bilingual educators. Data reveal that there was an observed distinction between the Chinese EMI lecturers’ ideology of language and pedagogical practices. In the mainstream the lecturers were not confident with their English capabilities and presented as monolingual advocates evident in their support for English imperialism. Evidence of actioning their translanguaging resources indicated a survival strategy to counter the delays in their cognitive thinking to control the language flow during their lectures. Translanguaging conflicted with their aspirations to be EMI lecturers with ‘native like’ English. The EMI lecturers viewed their own translanguaging behavior as exemplifying deficiencies and inaccuracies. A small group of the lecturers who were fluent in English were open and receptive to translanguaging practices. This group of lecturers, whilst in the minority, drew positively on translanguaging in their EMI teaching to enhance students’ learning and engagement. They confirmed their comfort and confidence integrating both languages in EMI teaching, demonstrating a positive bilingual translanguaging identity. The argument proposed is that translanguaging as a theoretically advanced and politically correct concept is yet to be positively accepted and extensively practiced in EMI programs.
Motivation and Emotions in a Health Literacy Game: Insights from Co-occurrence Network Analysis
Authors: Kiili Kristian , Siuko Juho , Cloude Elizabeth , Dindar Muhterem 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates that game-based learning is emotionally charged. However, little is known about the nature of emotions in game-based learning. We extended previous game-based learning research by examining epistemic emotions and their relations to flow experience and situational interest. Sixty-eight 15–18-year-old students played the Antidote COVID-19 game for 25 min. Epistemic emotions, flow, and situational interest were measured after the playing session. These measures indicated that the game engaged students. Students reported significantly higher intensity levels of positive epistemic emotions (excitement, surprise, and curiosity) than negative epistemic emotions (boredom, anxiety, frustration, and confusion). The co-occurrence network analyses provided insights into the relationship between flow and situational interest. We found an asymmetrical pattern of the “situational interest-flow” co-occurrence. When situational interest occurred, the flow was always co-occurring. This co-occurrence suggests that situational interest could be a prerequisite or a potential trigger for flow experience but not an adequate state ensuring a high flow experience. Further, flow and situational interest co-occurred mainly with positive epistemic emotions. The findings imply that flow and situational interest are similar constructs and share several characteristics. The study also demonstrated that epistemic emotions, flow, and situational interest can be used as proxies of engagement. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Nicht nur Doktorspiele – (rechts)medizinische Aspekte von Sexualdelikten an Kindern durch Kinder
Authors: Kolbe Verena , Bingert Rebecca , Uhlmann Marie , Büttner Andreas 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Sexualisierte Handlungen zwischen gleichaltrigen Kindern sind in der Regel Ausdruck eines normalen, altersgerechten Verhaltens. Doch auch zwischen Minderjährigen gibt es sexualisierte Gewalt, die über das altersentsprechende Interesse hinausgeht und in der medizinischen Literatur bislang wenig Beachtung fand.

Methode
Es wurde eine selektive Literaturrecherche in der Datenbank PubMed sowie mithilfe des Suchdienstes Google Scholar durchgeführt. Außerdem wurde eine retrospektive Analyse eigener Fälle durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse
Die erfassten Studien ergaben Prävalenzen von 6 bis 50,7 % für unerwünschte sexuelle Kontakte. SchülerIn an einer Highschool und weiblich zu sein oder einen Migrationshintergrund zu haben, wurde als Risikofaktor für sexuelle Übergriffe identifiziert. Mehr als die Hälfte (54 %) der Täterinnen und bis zu 16 % der Täter waren zuvor selber von Missbrauch und/oder Vernachlässigung betroffen. In der eigenen Erhebung gaben 37 % der Mädchen an, penovaginal penetriert worden zu sein, während 60 % der Jungen eine penoanale Penetration angaben. In keinem Fall konnten objektivierbare Verletzungen festgestellt werden.

Schlussfolgerung
Auch wenn bei der medizinischen Untersuchung von minderjährigen Geschädigten nach Sexualdelikten nur äußerst selten eindeutige Befunde festzustellen sind, sollte jede/jeder MedizinerIn Kenntnis über die Wertigkeit und Bedeutung von kindlichen Genitalbefunden haben. Weiterhin gilt es, den fließenden Übergang von „Doktorspielen“ zu sexualisierter Gewalt zwischen Minderjährigen korrekt zu erkennen.
Single-cell RNA-seq methods to interrogate virus-host interactions
Authors: Ratnasiri Kalani , Wilk Aaron J. , Lee Madeline J. , Khatri Purvesh , Blish Catherine A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe twenty-first century has seen the emergence of many epidemic and pandemic viruses, with the most recent being the SARS-CoV-2-driven COVID-19 pandemic. As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses rely on host cells to replicate and produce progeny, resulting in complex virus and host dynamics during an infection. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), by enabling broad and simultaneous profiling of both host and virus transcripts, represents a powerful technology to unravel the delicate balance between host and virus. In this review, we summarize technological and methodological advances in scRNA-seq and their applications to antiviral immunity. We highlight key scRNA-seq applications that have enabled the understanding of viral genomic and host response heterogeneity, differential responses of infected versus bystander cells, and intercellular communication networks. We expect further development of scRNA-seq technologies and analytical methods, combined with measurements of additional multi-omic modalities and increased availability of publicly accessible scRNA-seq datasets, to enable a better understanding of viral pathogenesis and enhance the development of antiviral therapeutics strategies.