bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrombolysis of stroke mimics via telestroke
Authors: Lee Vivien H , Howell Ravyn , Yadav Randheer , Heaton Sharon , Wiles Karen L , Lakhani Sushil 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe rate of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IVtPA) administered to stroke mimics (SM) occurs in 24%–44% of telestroke series.MethodsWe reviewed 270 suspected acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients who were evaluated by telestroke and received IVtPA from 1 July 2016 to 30 September 2017 at our academic comprehensive stroke centre.ResultsAmong 270 AIS patients who received IVtPA via telestroke, 64 (23.7%) were diagnosed with SM. Compared with patients who had a stroke, the SM group was younger (mean age 56.4 vs 68.2, p<0.0001), more likely to be female (60.9% vs 45.6%, p=0.0324) and had longer door-to-needle times (85.3 vs 69.9, p=0.0008). The most common SM diagnoses were migraine 26 (40.6%), conversion disorder 12 (18.8%), encephalopathy 7 (10.9%) and unmasking (9.4%). Among the SM, migraine and conversion disorder were younger compared with the other subgroups (p<0.001). Functional exam elements were noted more frequently in conversion disorder (66.7%) and migraine (34.6%), but rare in other diagnoses (p=0.006). Among the SM, 23 (35.9%) had a history of a prior similar episodes, and 15 (23.4%) had a history of more than 5 spells.ConclusionsIn our telestroke programme, 23.7% of those administered thrombolysis had a final diagnosis of SM.
Curing tachyonic tree-level syndrome in NMSSM light-singlet scenarios
Authors: Domingo Florian , Paßehr Sebastian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractModels with an extended Higgs sector open up the phenomenological possibility of additional scalars, beyond the SM-like boson observed by the LHC, with mass at or below the electroweak scale. Such scenarios are in particular viable in the presence of electroweak-singlet spin-0 fields, as expected for instance in the context of the NMSSM. Given that the size of radiative corrections can substantially affect the Higgs potential, a negative squared mass at the tree level does not necessarily yield a tachyonic spectrum at the physical level, but only indicates a failure of the tree-level description for calculational purposes. We explain how to tackle this technical issue in the example of the NMSSM, in scenarios with light $$\mathcal {CP}$$
CP
-odd or $$\mathcal {CP}$$
CP
-even singlet-dominated states and show how loop corrections to the Higgs masses and decay widths can be derived with the regularized Lagrangian. We further explore how the same flexibility in the definition of tree-level parameters can be exploited to circumvent large deviations of the tree-level spectrum from the kinematical setup in Higgs decays, or to estimate the theoretical uncertainty associated with the discrepancy between tree-level and physical Higgs spectra. The latter is of particular relevance for the properties of the SM-like Higgs boson in supersymmetry-inspired models.
Multiple soft radiation at one-loop order and the emission of a soft quark–antiquark pair
Authors: Catani Stefano , Cieri Leandro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe consider the radiation of two or more soft partons in QCD hard-scattering at one-loop order. The corresponding scattering amplitude is singular, and the singular behaviour is controlled by a process-independent soft current. Using regularization in $$d=4 - 2\epsilon $$

d
=
4
-
2
ϵ

space-time dimensions, we explicitly evaluate the ultraviolet and infrared divergent ($$\epsilon $$
ϵ
-pole) terms of the one-loop soft current for emission of an arbitrary number of soft partons in a generic hard-scattering process. Then we consider the specific case of soft quark–antiquark ($$q{{\bar{q}}}$$

q

q

¯

) emission and we compute the one-loop current by including the finite terms. We find that the one-loop soft-$$q{{\bar{q}}}$$

q

q

¯

current exhibits a new type of transverse-momentum singularity, which has a quantum (absorptive) origin and a purely non-abelian character. At the squared amplitude (cross section) level, this transverse-momentum singularity produces contributions to multijet production processes in hadron collisions. The one-loop squared current also leads to charge asymmetry terms, which are a distinctive features of soft-$$q{{\bar{q}}}$$

q

q

¯

radiation. We also extend these results to the cases of QED and mixed QCD$$\times $$
×
QED radiative corrections for soft fermion–antifermion emission.
Deeply virtual Compton scattering at the EIC and LHeC: a comparison among saturation approaches
Authors: Bendova D. , Cepila J. , Gonçalves V. P. , Sena C. R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe impact of nonlinear effects in the deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) process that will be measured in future electron-hadron collisions is investigated. We present, for the first time, the predictions derived using the solution to the Balitsky–Kovchegov equation with the collinearly-improved kernel and including the impact-parameter dependence. We estimate the total cross section and t-distribution of the DVCS process in ep and eA collisions and demonstrate that $$d\sigma /dt$$

d
σ
/
d
t

is strongly dependent on the assumption for the impact-parameter dependence of the dipole-hadron scattering amplitude. Our results indicate that a future experimental analysis of this process will be useful to discriminate among different models for the saturation physics and, consequently, will allow us to constrain the description of QCD dynamics in parton densities.
Dietary Strategies for Better Utilization of Aquafeeds in Tilapia Farming
Authors: Gule Thandile T. , Geremew Akewake 
Published: February 2022

Feed management practices significantly impact the production performance of tilapia (Oreochromis species) culture economically; hence, adopting appropriate feed management strategies is vital to maximize returns. The advancement in aquaculture has also allowed an advancement in the development formulated feeds to supplement or replace natural feeds. Farmers are now able to prepare their own fish feeds from locally available ingredients. Hence, feed ingredient evaluation is crucial for better development of appropriate diets for different aquaculture species as well as nutritional research. Therefore, this review used secondary data to evaluate the different strategies employed for better utilization of nutrients in feed by providing a discussion of functional feed additives used in aquafeeds such as the addition of enzymes, pre/probiotics, feeding stimulants, and use of hormones. Supplementation of diet with xynalase and phytase enzymes (

P
<
0.001

) and probiotics (

P
<
0.05

) improved growth (g/d) and FCR when applied individually. The combination of enzymes and probiotics showed an interaction effect (

P
<
0.05

) on growth and FCR. A detailed discussion of feed ingredient processing strategies like fermentation, heat treatment, germination, and other biological methods meant to improve the nutritional quality of the feed and minimize antinutritional factors is provided. Furthermore, information on how genetic selection is being used to enhance feed utilization in tilapia fish is provided. The food conversion efficiency was found to be significantly higher (

P
<
0.05

) in transgenic tilapia compared to the nontransgenic red tilapia fish with

average

weight
±
SD

of

384
±
158

g

and

314
±
101

for transgenic fish and red tilapia, respectively, after 275 days of culture. The review further outlines the feed formulation challenges, and research gaps in tilapia nutrition. It was noted that proper feeding management strategies are very critical for the sustainability of tilapia aquaculture. In conclusion, dietary sources for tilapia are slowly shifting to plant-based products. However, these come with a lot of antinutritional factors and digestibility problems; hence, the right feeding strategies have to be employed to enable efficient nutrient utilization. The review discovered that there are a lot of strategies which employed research gaps in tilapia nutrition, especially on nutrient utilization of feed and feed formulation.
GLP1R Attenuates Sympathetic Response to High Glucose via Carotid Body Inhibition
Authors: Pauza Audrys G. , Thakkar Pratik , Tasic Tatjana , Felippe Igor , Bishop Paul , Greenwood Michael P. , Rysevaite-Kyguoliene Kristina , Ast Julia , Broichhagen Johannes , Hodson David J. , Salgado Helio C. , Pauza Dainius H. , Japundzic-Zigon Nina , Paton Julian F.R. , Murphy David 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Aberrant sympathetic nerve activity exacerbates cardiovascular risk in hypertension and diabetes, which are common comorbidities, yet clinically sympathetic nerve activity remains poorly controlled. The hypertensive diabetic state is associated with increased reflex sensitivity and tonic drive from the peripheral chemoreceptors, the cause of which is unknown. We have previously shown hypertension to be critically dependent on the carotid body (CB) input in spontaneously hypertensive rat, a model that also exhibits a number of diabetic traits. CB overstimulation by insulin and leptin has been similarly implicated in the development of increased sympathetic nerve activity in metabolic syndrome and obesity. Thus, we hypothesized that in hypertensive diabetic state (spontaneously hypertensive rat), the CB is sensitized by altered metabolic signaling causing excessive sympathetic activity levels and dysfunctional reflex regulation.

Methods:
Using a hypothesis-free RNA-seq approach, we investigated potential molecular targets implicated in energy metabolism mediating CB sensitization and its regulation of sympathetic outflow in experimental hypertension. Identified targets were characterized using molecular and functional techniques assessing peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity in situ and in vivo.

Results:
We discovered GLP1R (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor) expression in the CBs of rat and human and showed that its decreased expression is linked to sympathetic hyperactivity in rats with cardiometabolic disease. We demonstrate GLP1R to be localized to CB chemosensory cells, while targeted administration of GLP1R agonist to the CB lowered its basal discharge and attenuated chemoreflex-evoked blood pressure and sympathetic responses. Importantly, hyperglycemia-induced peripheral chemoreflex sensitization and associated basal sympathetic overactivity were abolished by GLP1R activation in the CB suggesting a role in a homeostatic response to high blood glucose.

Conclusions:
We show that GLP1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) modulates the peripheral chemoreflex acting on the CB, supporting this organ as a multimodal receptor. Our findings pinpoint CBs as potential targets for ameliorating excessive sympathetic activity using GLP1R agonists in the hypertensive-diabetic condition.
Associations among Household and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantages, Resting-state Frontoamygdala Connectivity, and Internalizing Symptoms in Youth
Authors: Ip Ka I. , Sisk Lucinda M. , Horien Corey , Conley May I. , Rapuano Kristina M. , Rosenberg Monica D. , Greene Abigail S. , Scheinost Dustin , Constable R. Todd , Casey BJ , Baskin-Sommers Arielle , Gee Dylan G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Exposure to socioeconomic disadvantages (SED) can have negative impacts on mental health, yet SED are a multifaceted construct and the precise processes by which SED confer deleterious effects are less clear. Using a large and diverse sample of preadolescents (ages 9–10 years at baseline, n = 4038, 49% female) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, we examined associations among SED at both household (i.e., income–needs and material hardship) and neighborhood (i.e., area deprivation and neighborhood unsafety) levels, frontoamygdala resting-state functional connectivity, and internalizing symptoms at baseline and 1-year follow-up. SED were positively associated with internalizing symptoms at baseline and indirectly predicted symptoms 1 year later through elevated symptoms at baseline. At the household level, youth in households characterized by higher disadvantage (i.e., lower income-to-needs ratio) exhibited more strongly negative frontoamygdala coupling, particularly between the bilateral amygdala and medial OFC (mOFC) regions within the frontoparietal network. Although more strongly positive amygdala–mOFC coupling was associated with higher levels of internalizing symptoms at baseline and 1-year follow-up, it did not mediate the association between income-to-needs ratio and internalizing symptoms. However, at the neighborhood level, amygdala–mOFC functional coupling moderated the effect of neighborhood deprivation on internalizing symptoms. Specifically, higher neighborhood deprivation was associated with higher internalizing symptoms for youth with more strongly positive connectivity, but not for youth with more strongly negative connectivity, suggesting a potential buffering effect. Findings highlight the importance of capturing multilevel socioecological contexts in which youth develop to identify youth who are most likely to benefit from early interventions.
The Sensitivity of Superrotation to the Latitude of Baroclinic Forcing in a Terrestrial Dry Dynamical Core
Authors: Zurita-Gotor Pablo , Anaya-Benlliure Álvaro , Held Isaac M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that Kelvin–Rossby instability is a viable mechanism for producing equatorial superrotation in small and/or slowly rotating planets. It is shown in this paper that this mechanism can also produce superrotation with terrestrial parameters when the baroclinic forcing moves to low latitudes, explaining previous results by Williams. The transition between superrotating and subrotating flow occurs abruptly as the baroclinic forcing moves poleward. Although Kelvin–Rossby instability weakens when the baroclinic zone moves away from the equator, the key factor explaining the abrupt transition is the change in the baroclinic eddies. When differential heating is contained within the tropics, baroclinic eddies do not decelerate the subtropical jet and the upper-tropospheric flow approximately conserves angular momentum, providing conditions favorable for Kelvin–Rossby instability. In contrast, when baroclinic eddies are generated in the extratropics, they decelerate the subtropical jet and prevent the Kelvin–Rossby coupling. Due to this sensitivity to baroclinic eddies, the system exhibits hysteresis: near the transition parameter, extratropical eddies can prevent superrotation when they are initially present.
Synchronous Variation Patterns of Monthly Sea Ice Anomalies at the Arctic and Antarctic
Authors: Yu Lejiang , Zhong Shiyuan , Sun Bo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Sea ice variability in the opposite polar regions is examined holistically by applying the self-organizing map (SOM) method to global monthly sea ice concentration data over two periods. The results show that the variability modes of sea ice decrease in the Arctic correspond to an overall sea ice increase in the Antarctic, and vice versa. In particular, the monthly sea ice anomaly patterns are dominated by in-phase variability across the Arctic that is stronger in the marginal seas particularly the Barents Sea than the central Arctic Ocean. The corresponding Antarctic sea ice variability is characterized by a zonal wavenumber-3 structure or a dipole pattern of out-of-phase variability between the Bellingshausen/Amundsen Seas and the rest of the Southern Ocean. The frequency of occurrence of these dominant patterns exhibits pronounced seasonal as well as decadal variability and the latter is closely related to the Pacific decadal oscillation and Atlantic multidecadal oscillation. Other less frequent patterns seem to be associated with the central Pacific El Niño and spatially heterogeneous interannual variability of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Indian and the Atlantic Oceans. The dominant modes explain 57% of the four-decade domain-averaged trends in the annual polar sea ice concentration, with more explained in the eastern than western Arctic Ocean and in the Weddell Sea and the Amundsen Sea in the Antarctic. The spatial patterns of the leading modes can be largely explained by the dynamic (sea ice drift) and thermodynamic (sea ice melt) effects of the anomalous atmospheric circulations associated with SST and sea level pressure anomalies.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study is to extract the main modes of monthly global sea ice concentration variability in the past four decades, explain the mechanisms behind the occurrences of these modes, and examine the contributions of these modes to the trend in annual global sea ice concentration. Sea ice extent in the past four decades has shown a significant declining trend in the Arctic and a slight, but significant increasing trend in the Antarctic. By jointly analyzing the sea ice variability and trends in the two polar regions, the results here provide a reference for what might have contributed to the opposite sea ice trends in Arctic and Antarctic and highlight the important influence of large-scale sea surface temperature anomalies on the trends in the two polar regions.
The youth HIV policy advisors programme: Creating change agents and policy leaders
Authors: Grose Rose Grace , Halden Brown Emily , Roth Bayer Carey , Paulk Eric 
Published: February 2022

Background: In 2018, Georgia ranked fourth in the USA for the number of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and first for rate of new HIV diagnoses. Structural barriers to HIV prevention and care include homelessness, inadequate access to healthcare, insufficient sexual health education, HIV criminalisation and incarceration. Objective: Georgia Equality created the Youth HIV Policy Advisors (YHPA) Programme in 2015 to increase the meaningful involvement of young PLWHA in health policy and leadership. Design, setting and method: The YHPA Programme trains young PLWHA in the structural and social determinants of HIV risk and imparts HIV policy advocacy knowledge and skills. The programme typically involves weekend training events held between June and December, the creation of a policy agenda, and facilitation of a culminating World AIDS Day event. We conducted a mixed-methods survey of 29 alumni (91%) to understand programme engagement, benefits and skills gained. Results: Quantitative results showed average gains of 1.4 in HIV-related skills and 2.4 in policy-related skills (6-point scales). Qualitative analysis revealed important increases in knowledge and skills, self-awareness, social capital, political connections and social support that equipped youth to become change agents. Conclusion: Policy advocacy and leadership programmes are a unique and important mechanism to promote the meaningful involvement of young PLWHA in critical decisions about the structural changes necessary to end the epidemic. YHPA alumni engagement in future integrated strategies to address HIV prevention and care is essential.
“Institutional Organization of Knowledge”: The Missing Link in Educational Discourse
Authors: Karmon Amnon 
Published: February 2022

Background For over a hundred years, there have been efforts to change the way that schools transmit knowledge. Most of these efforts have failed. The most common explanations found in educational research for this are either: 1) macro-social, according to which social interests and powers hinder these changes. 2) teacher-oriented, according to which the teachers themselves either resist those changes or/and lack the training and qualifications necessary to carry them out. Although these explanations have a lot of truth to them, they ignore a crucial point, a “missing link” between teaching and subject matter, and society. Every educational institution has a special structure for organizing knowledge. This structure is independent in many respects from macro-social factors, as well as from teacher behavior, and it has important effects on the ways educational institutions deal with knowledge. Educational research has not yet provided a detailed and focused examination of “the institutional organization of knowledge” in education. Focus of Study The article focuses on “the institutional organization of knowledge” in education. This concept refers to the procedures for arranging knowledge that precede the activity of teachers in the classrooms (teaching) and the subject matter learned (content). It thus encompasses everything that exists in an educational institution that is related to how the learned knowledge is organized before the teacher even begins teaching a particular subject in the classroom. The article examines its vital implications for the field of education. Research Design A theoretical essay that presents a conceptual framework for understanding the institutional level of the educational system. Conclusions The lack of a focused conceptual discussion and empirical research guided by theory regarding the institutional level of education prevents us from properly understanding the educational system and, no less important, from successfully changing it. The article outlines two main models of organization of knowledge for educational purposes that have taken over the field of education in the modern world. One is the model of inculcating existing knowledge and the other focuses on producing new knowledge. Both of these models have been found to be inappropriate for general education. Therefore, one of the most important challenges facing the world of education today is to create a new model of the institutional organization of knowledge for the benefit of general education.
Mentor Teachers’ Work with Prospective Teachers in a Newly Formed Professional Development School: Two Illustrations
Authors: Yendol-Hoppey Diane 
Published: February 2022

Background/Content Since a large gap exists between the rhetoric of reform-minded teacher education and what actually transpires in student teachers’ field experiences, this study sought to fill a gap in current scholarship which has yet to document how mentor teachers, conceptualized as school-based teacher educators, shape and conduct their own work with student teachers assuming the role of full-year undergraduate interns. Focus of Study The purpose of this study was to explore how two successful mentor teachers enact their work with interns in a newly created inquiry-oriented professional development school. Research Design This investigation uses case study methodology informed by both ethnographic and phenomenological perspectives. Using these lenses and data collected over an eighteen-month period, the stories of two mentor teachers are captured and analyzed. Conclusions Three themes emerged within each case that characterized the unique work of each mentor. The three themes that shape the work of the first mentor offer insight into a conceptual illustration represented by a gardening metaphor. The three themes of the second case suggest a mentor as co-inquirer's approach to mentoring. A look across the cases augments our understanding of mentoring prospective teachers.