bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teacher Learning in an Era of High-Stakes Accountability: Productive Tension and Critical Professional Practice
Authors: Stillman Jamy 
Published: November 2022

Background/Context With the installation of No Child Left Behind, teachers, particularly those who serve marginalized students, have increasingly been told what and how to teach. Previous research demonstrates that teachers can act as mediators between policy and practice, even within coercive environments such as those generated by high-stakes accountability systems. Yet we know little about how teachers who have been specially prepared to serve marginalized populations respond to accountability demands within tightly controlled contexts, such as those commonly found in “underperforming” schools. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study This study draws on social learning and activity theories to examine the specific factors that support equity-minded teachers to navigate accountability-driven language arts reforms, the specific barriers that might hinder teachers from serving marginalized students—particularly English Learners—in an era of accountability, and how particular contextual factors mediate teachers’ responses to accountability pressures. Setting The study was conducted in three different “underperforming” schools in California, predominately comprised of Spanish-speaking English Learners. Population/Participants/Subjects Three upper-elementary teachers, who earned their bilingual (Spanish/English) teaching credentials and Master's degrees from three different equity-focused teacher preparation programs. Research Design The research design is qualitative case study. Data collection and Analysis Data collection took place between September 2003 and December 2004 and consisted of teacher interviews, classroom observations, principal interviews, and focus group interviews. Using the constant comparative method, data analysis was ongoing. Findings/Results Initial coding identified patterns in teachers’ technical, normative, and political responses to accountability-related pressures in the area of language arts. Further analyses illuminated variations in teachers’ responses and emphasized how contextual factors, especially local leadership, mediated teacher learning and agency in the context of school change. Specifically, when principals provided teachers with opportunities to grapple with reforms they found objectionable and to apply innovations to their classroom practice, a “productive tension” led the teachers towards important professional learning and instructional improvement. Conclusions/Recommendations Findings underscore the importance of balanced leadership in an era of high- stakes accountability, particularly as it relates to teacher professionalism, learning, and agency.
Effects of rifampicin, CYP2B6 and ABCB1 polymorphisms on efavirenz plasma concentration in Chinese patients living with HIV and tuberculosis
Authors: Zhang Li , Meng Xianmin , Dong Ping , Qi Tangkai , Liu Li , Wang Bin 
Published: November 2022

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading opportunistic infection of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH). Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6 and ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 ( ABCB1) are involved in the metabolism and transportation of efavirenz. The study was aimed to investigate the effects of rifampicin, CYP2B6 and ABCB1 polymorphisms on efavirenz exposure in Chinese PLWH co-infected with TB. Method PLWH were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into HIV group and HIV/TB group. Efavirenz plasma concentration (C0) was determined, dose-adjusted concentration (C0/D) was calculated, and genotypes of CYP2B6 516G>T, 785A>G, and ABCB1 2677G>T, 3435C>T were analyzed. Results 252 PLWH were enrolled, including 75 co-infected with TB and concomitant with rifampicin. Efavirenz C0 and C0/D were both higher in HIV group (1.94 μg/mL, 0.2007 (μg/ml)/(mg/kg/d)) compared with HIV/TB group (1.52 μg/mL, 0.1557 (μg/ml)/(mg/kg/d)) ( p = .001). Efavirenz C0/D was significantly higher in patients with variant genotypes of CYP2B6 516G>T and 785A>G ( p<.001), and was significantly lower in HIV/TB group compared with HIV group among patients with CYP2B6 516 GG, TT, and 785 AA, AG genotypes ( p < .05). Conclusion Efavirenz exposure is reduced by co-administration with rifampicin, and related to genetic polymorphisms of CYP2B6.
Evaluation of Narrative Skills of Children and Language Inputs of Parents During Shared Book Reading.  A Parent-Mediated Home-Based Intervention Study
Authors: Adinarayanan Divya Shantha Kumari , Nambi Shanthi , Krishnan Raman , Vijayaraghavan Rajagopalan 
Published: November 2022

Background: Shared book reading (SBR) is a crucial activity fostering parent-child interaction and promoting children’s early language and emergent literacy skills. SBR interventions are carried out less in low- and middle-income countries. Hence, there is a need for research in such settings. Aim: The present study focuses on providing SBR training to parents and assesses parents’ interactive storybook reading and changes in the child’s narrative development at baseline, postintervention, and follow-up. Method: A total of 210 parents and typically developing child dyads participated in this study, 105 in experimental and control groups. The children from the experimental group participated in one-on-one book reading interactions with their parents after receiving training. Parents in the control group were not trained to read with their children. One week after the training sessions and 2 months later, children and parents were tested to determine whether the training led to beneficial effects. Result: The data were analyzed by x2 test, Kruskal Wallis 1-way ANOVA on ranks with Student Newman Keuls multiple comparison test (post-hoc test), and 3-way ANOVA with a post-hoc multiple comparison test. During 2 postintervention sessions, parents and children assigned to the intervention group significantly increased the targeted interactive shared reading skills. This result indicates that the intervention successfully changed parent SBR behaviors ( P < .001), resulting in improved child’s narrative skills ( P < .001). Conclusion: The current findings can aid in the creation of intervention programs to support parents’ SBR skills and promote children’s overall development.
Clinical Outcomes of Oral Zinc Therapy in Hepatic Encephalopathy Treatment
Authors: Fritz Megan Kunka , Mangino Anthony A. , Hunt Taylor V. , Pitcock C. Tyler , Dugan Adam J. , Karri Kishore , Yarra Pradeep 
Published: November 2022

Background: Additional therapies for hepatic encephalopathy (HE) treatment are warranted. There are data evaluating the use of zinc for HE; however, clinical outcomes, specifically in the United States, are unknown. Objective: To compare 30-day and 1-year all-cause readmission rates in patients with cirrhosis complicated by HE on lactulose and rifaximin to those on lactulose, rifaximin, and zinc. Methods: This retrospective study included patients admitted with documented cirrhosis and home medications of lactulose and rifaximin, with or without zinc. Patients were stratified into 2 groups: those receiving lactulose and rifaximin for HE (control) and those receiving lactulose, rifaximin, and zinc for HE (treatment). The primary outcomes were 30-day and 1-year all-cause readmission rates. Results: One-hundred fifty-seven patients were included (102 in control group, 55 in treatment group). Regarding 30-day and 1-year all-cause readmission rates, there was no difference between the control and treatment groups. Conclusion and Relevance: This is the first study conducted in the United States evaluating zinc for HE treatment. Zinc did not impact 30-day or 1-year all-cause readmission rates. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the potential benefit of zinc for HE, possibly in correlation with Model for End-stage Liver Disease-Sodium (MELD-Na) scores.
A Systematic Review of Antimicrobial Stewardship Interventions to Improve Management of Bacteriuria in Hospitalized Adults
Authors: Humphrey Mari , MacDonald Gemma , Neville Heather , Helwig Melissa , Ramsey Tasha , MacKinnon Holly , Sketris Ingrid , Johnston Lynn , Black Emily K. 
Published: November 2022

Objective: To determine whether implementation of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions improve management of bacteriuria in hospitalized adults. Data Sources: EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Clinical Trials Registries via Cochrane CENTRAL were searched from inception through May 2021. Reference lists of included studies were searched, and Scopus was used to retrieve articles that cited included references. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Randomized and nonrandomized trials, controlled before-after studies, interrupted time-series studies, and repeated measures studies evaluating AMS interventions for hospitalized adult inpatients with bacteriuria were included. Risk of bias was assessed independently by 3 team members and compared. Results were summarized descriptively. Data Synthesis: The search yielded 5509 articles, of which 13 met inclusion criteria. Most common interventions included education (N = 8) and audit and feedback (N = 5) alone or in combination with other interventions. Where assessed, resource and antimicrobial use primarily decreased and appropriateness of antimicrobial use improved; however, impact on guideline adherence was variable. All studies were rated as having unclear or serious risk of bias. This review summarizes and assesses the quality of evidence for AMS interventions to improve the management of bacteriuria. Results provide guidance to both AMS teams and researchers aiming to develop and/or evaluate AMS interventions for management of bacteriuria. Conclusions: This review demonstrated benefit of AMS interventions on management of bacteriuria. However, most studies had some risk of bias, and an overall effect across studies is unclear due to heterogeneity in outcome measures.
Caruncular lesions: A 16-year single centre review in the United Kingdom
Authors: Yvon Camille , Balamurugan Thiagarajah , Bianchi Eleonora , Lee Han Bin , Mclean Christopher 
Published: November 2022

Background/Aims To review the clinicopathological features of caruncle biopsies carried out at a district general hospital in the United Kingdom (UK), and compare with other centres where data has been published. Methods Retrospective, single-centre, observational case series between 2004–2020. Results A total of 31 lesions from 31 patients were analysed. 18 of 31 patients were men (58%), and the age ranged from 12 to 91 years. 13 different histopathological types of lesions were identified in our case series, including 9 melanocytic nevi (29%), 7 benign squamous papillomas (23%), 5 skin adnexal lesions (16%), 3 chronic inflammation (10%), 3 epithelial cysts (10%), 1 basal cell carcinoma (3%), 2 malignant melanomas (6%) and l lymphoproliferative disorder (3%). Pre-operative suspected diagnoses were often vague but correct in 12 of 18 cases (67%), where data was available. Conclusion The uncommon nature and variety of caruncular lesions make the diagnostic process difficult. Our case series is the first reported in the UK, showing a slightly higher proportion of malignant melanomas, in keeping with the population demographics. Excisional biopsies would, therefore, be prudent in the majority of cases to rule out any possible malignancy.
Emancipating early childhood literacy curricula: Pro-Black teaching in K-3 classrooms
Authors: Braden Eliza , Boutte Gloria , Wynter-Hoyte Kamania , Long Susi , Aitken Catharine , Collins Saudah , Frazier Jennipher , Gamble Edith , Hall Lindsay , Hodge Stephanie , McDonald Caitlyn , Merritt Ashanda , Mosso-Taylor Sabina , Samuel Kyanna , Stout Christina , Tafel Jennifer , Warren Takenya , Witherspoon Jacqui 
Published: November 2022

The legacy of colonization includes stereotypes and misinformation about African and African descendant people as well as a void in an understanding the vast contributions of precolonial Africa to the world’s knowledge impacting knowledge, languages, music, art, and sciences that we take for granted today. This misinformation remains pervasive throughout society perpetuated in schools by ensuring that curriculum is dominated by whiteness and lacks attention to the histories, heritages, communities, and languages of Black people. Pro-Black practices in response to centuries-old curricular voids and misinformation about Africa, the African Diaspora, and African descendant people can lead to an emancipatory education for all students. In our work, we draw on tenets of culturally relevant pedagogy and descriptions of Pro-Black pedagogy to describe the work of 13 early childhood educators who are committed to using their knowledge from ongoing professional development at one school in the southeastern United States. The work represented in this article reflects data collected over four years and analyzed in answer to the question: What are Pro-Black highlights of teaching in one school which sought to develop and normalize culturally relevant teaching including challenges to the work and efforts to negotiate those challenges? Data (e.g. student work, lesson plans, PD session PowerPoints, participants’ responses to a questionnaire, informal commentaries throughout the PD process, and classroom observations) were collected and reviewed to develop this article. Recommendations are made for educators and scholars.
Characterization of electrospun fibers and electrospray vancomycin-containing beads through the interstitial or lamellar separation of bead composite fiber membranes to evaluate their biomedical application in vitro
Authors: Liu Shih-Ming , Chen Wen-Cheng , Huang Ssu-Meng , Chen Jian-Chih , Lin Chih-Lung 
Published: November 2022

Considering the advantages of electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-fibers and antibiotic (vancomycin)-containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-microbeads for wound dressings, a composite membrane was developed. Electrospun-aligned TPU-fibers were collected using a high-speed drum collector. Three groups of TPU-only, double-sided PVA-microbeads composite TPU-fibers (PVA/TPU/PVA sandwich, DSV40), and simultaneous electrospray PVA-microbeads/electrospun TPU-fibers (interstitial PVA-microbeads, CV40) composite membranes were prepared and characterized. The composites were tested for morphology, infrared spectroscopy, and tensile tests along the fiber-parallel (MD) and fiber-perpendicular (CD) directions, water wettability and absorption, antibacterial activity, and biocompatibility. The results showed that the tensile strength, modulus, and strain of TPU-only in MD and CD directions were 7.31 ± 1.13 and 2.47 ± 0.43 MPa, 2.73 ± 0.36 and 0.69 ± 0.07 MPa and 285.02 ± 23.56 and 360.70 ± 34.01%, respectively. Moreover, MD-direction tensile properties of DSV40 and CV40 resulted in a significant increase in strength (9.05 ± 2.19 and 9.77 ± 1.51 MPa) and modulus (10.97 ± 1.65 and 5.47 ± 0.94 MPa), but a decrease in strain (92.42 ± 11.68 and 185.78 ± 24.85%), compared to TPU-only. However, DSV40 and CV40 showed opposite trends (respective strength of 0.99 ± 0.07 and 2.11 ± 0.33 MPa, modulus of 0.21 ± 0.01 and 0.48 ± 0.51 MPa, and strain of 460.69 ± 29.38 and 435.92 ± 29.26%) in the CD direction compared to TPU-only. In terms of wettability after 10 s observation, DSV40 obtained a hydrophilic tendency (25.91°) than CV40 (74.22°) and TPU-only (121.06°). The results of antibacterial activity showed that both DSV40 and CV40 had good antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus but the inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli was poor. The biocompatibility test confirmed that neither DSV40 nor CV40 negatively affected L929 cell viability.
Quantitative magnetic resonance angiography as an alternative imaging technique in the assessment of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Shah Kevin A , White Timothy G , Teron Ina , Turpin Justin , Dehdashti Amir R , Temes Richard E , Black Karen , Woo Henry H 
Published: November 2022

Introduction The major mechanism of morbidity of delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is considered to be severe vasospasm. Quantitative MRA (QMRA) provides direct measurements of vessel-specific volumetric blood flow and may permit a clinically relevant assessment of the risk of ischemia secondary to cerebral vasospasm. Purpose To evaluate the utility of QMRA as an alternative imaging technique for the assessment of cerebral vasospasm after SAH. Methods QMRA volumetric flow rates of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) were compared with vessel diameters on catheter-based angiography. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of QMRA for detecting cerebral vasospasm was determined by receiver-operating characteristic curves. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated for QMRA flow versus angiographic vessel diameter. Results Sixty-six vessels (10 patients) were evaluated with QMRA and catheter-based angiography. The median percent QMRA flow of all vessels with angiographic vasospasm (55.0%, IQR 34.3–71.6%) was significantly lower than the median percent QMRA flow of vessels without vasospasm (91.4%, IQR 81.4–100.4%) (p < 0.001). Angiographic vasospasm reduced QMRA-assessed flow by 23 ± 5 (p = 0.018), 95 ± 12 (p = 0.042), and 16 ± 4 mL/min (p = 0.153) in the ACA, MCA, and PCA, respectively, compared to vessels without angiographic vasospasm. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of QMRA for the discrimination of cerebral vasospasm was 84%, 72%, 84%, and 72%, respectively, for angiographic vasospasm >25% and 91%, 60%, 87%, and 69%, respectively, for angiographic vasospasm >50%. The Spearman correlation indicated a significant association between QMRA flows and vessel diameters ( rs = 0.71, p < 0.001). Conclusion Reduction in QMRA flow correlates with angiographic vessel narrowing and may be useful as a non-invasive imaging modality for the detection of cerebral vasospasm after SAH.
Technical video: Onyx-18 embolization of spinal epidural arteriovenous Fistula using the scepter-Mini balloon catheter
Authors: Amuluru Krishna , Denardo Andrew , Scott John , Payner Troy , Kulwin Charles , Sahlein Daniel H 
Published: November 2022

Spinal arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) account for approximately 70% of all vascular spinal malformations and commonly develop in the lateral epidural space at the epidural /radicular venous junction. The fistula is located close to the spinal nerve root where a radiculomeningeal artery shunts to a radicular vein. Increased venous pressure leads to decreased spinal venous drainage and venous congestion causing progressive myelopathy, bowel/bladder incontinence and erectile dysfunction. Treatment consists of surgical occlusion of the intradural vein, or endovascular embolization, which has a reported success rate of 25%−75%. 1 Endovascular failure can occur with inadequate embolic penetration of the nidus and the proximal segment of the draining vein, or premature reflux of the liquid embolic agent. The use of a dual-lumen balloon microcatheter offers advantage in these cases given the ability to push liquid embolysate more distally during balloon inflation. The Scepter Mini is a new dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO)-compatible dual-lumen balloon microcatheter with a distal-tip outer diameter of 1.6 Fr and a nominal balloon diameter of 2.2 mm, facilitating atraumatic navigation and safer balloon inflation. Limited neurointerventional experience using the Scepter Mini in predominantly cerebrovascular cases has reported favorable navigability and flow arrest 2 , 3 Although Onyx is rarely used for spinal AVF embolization, success has been reported considering the well-known favorable experience in cerebral cases. 1 , 4 , 5 We present one of the first cases of Onyx embolization of a spinal dural AVF through a Scepter Mini in a patient with progressively worsening lower extremity sensorimotor dysfunction. Operators should be aware of radiculomedullary arteries arising at the same level or at adjacent levels to avoid unintentional Onyx migration during balloon inflation.
Cesarean delivery on maternal request in Israel: Maternity department policies and obstetricians’ perspectives
Authors: Hirsh-Yechezkel Galit , Glasser Saralee , Farhi Adel , Levitan Gila , Shachar Yael , Zaslavsky-Paltiel Inna , Boyko Valentina , Ezra Yossef , Lerner-Geva Liat 
Published: November 2022

Objective: This study aimed to describe Israeli maternity departments’ policies regarding cesarean delivery on maternal request, and factors associated with obstetricians’ support for cesarean delivery on maternal request in specific scenarios. Methods: This multicenter cross-sectional study included 22 maternity department directors and 222 obstetricians from the majority of Israeli hospitals. Directors were interviewed and completed a questionnaire about their department’s cesarean delivery on maternal request policy, and obstetricians responded to a survey presenting case scenarios in which women requested cesarean delivery on maternal request. The scenarios represented profiles referring to the following factors: maternal age, poor obstetric history, pregnancy complications, and psychological problems. The survey also included the obstetricians’ socio-demographic information and questions about other issues associated with cesarean delivery on maternal request. The main outcome measures were department policies regarding cesarean delivery on maternal request and obstetricians’ support for cesarean delivery on maternal request in specific cases. Results: Policies were divided between allowing and prohibiting cesarean delivery on maternal request (n = 10 and 12, respectively), and varied regarding issues such as informed consent and pre-surgery consultation. Most of the obstetricians (96.5%) did not support cesarean delivery on maternal request in the “reference scenario” describing a young woman with no obstetric complications. Additional factors increased the rate of support. Support was greater among obstetricians aged > 45 (odds ratio = 2.11; 95% confidence intervals 1.33–3.36) and lower among females (odds ratio = 0.58; 95% confidence intervals 0.39–0.86). Obstetricians whose department policy was less likely to allow cesarean delivery on maternal request reported lower rates of support for cesarean delivery on maternal request in most cases. Conclusion: Policies and obstetricians’ support for cesarean delivery on maternal request vary broadly depending on clinical profiles and physician characteristics. Department policy has an impact on obstetricians’ support for cesarean delivery on maternal request. Health policy will benefit from a framework in which the organizations, physicians, and patients are consulted.