bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
After the break‐up: How divorcing affects individuals at work
Authors: Wanberg Connie R. , Csillag Borbala , Duffy Michelle K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDivorce is one of life's most stressful events. By pairing two studies, using mixed‐methods, and drawing on conservation of resources theory, we contribute new and previously unavailable information about three questions. How and to what extent does going through a divorce affect individuals at work? What factors differentiate a lower versus higher impact on work? Do work outcomes improve after a divorce has been completed? In Study 1, individuals currently in the process of divorcing report more negative mood at work, lower job performance, and lower health in comparison to employees recently divorced, divorced over 5 years ago, or never divorced. Qualitative findings illustrate vivid reports of intrusive negative affect and reduced focus at work. At the same time, nearly 39% of individuals reported that divorcing had a positive impact on their job, work, or career. Qualitative findings reveal that for some, divorcing frees up time and energy and amplifies motivation for work. Study 2 is a longitudinal survey study of individuals in the process of a divorce. Findings indicate that levels of divorce‐related grief, quality of the dissolving marriage, the presence of children, and anticipated post‐divorce financial stability differentiate between those with better and worse work outcomes. Individuals improve on work‐related cognitive and physical engagement, job performance, and health after their divorces are completed. Our results extend empirical knowledge and theory with new insights about work outcomes associated with divorcing as well as the recovery of work outcomes over time.
Development and validation of a novel rapid in vitro assay for determining resistance of potato cultivars to root attachment by Spongospora subterranea zoospores
Authors: Yu Xian , Tegg Robert S. , Eyles Alieta , Wilson Annabel J. , Wilson Calum R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSpongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea is a major pathogen of potatoes leading to losses in tuber quality and yield. Disease can be expressed as root infection, root galling and tuber lesions, the latter known as powdery scab. Attachment of zoospores to potato root hairs is the first step before infection of roots and disease development. Root hair infection results in root dysfunction leading to impaired plant productivity and yield. Varieties vary in their susceptibility to root and tuber disease; however, varietal screening is both time and resource intensive. Furthermore, traditional screens assess root galling or tuber disease and not root infection. In this study, we determined optimal conditions for zoospore release and attachment of zoospores to plant roots and used this information to develop an in vitro bioassay to assess resistance to zoospore root attachment among 153 potato lines and cultivars. Optimal zoospore release occurred at 20°C in Hoagland's solution in a rapid and synchronized manner over the first 2 days, followed by a steep decline. The extent of zoospore root attachment varied with cultivar (Iwa > Agria > Russet Burbank > Gladiator), region of the root maturation zone (lower > middle > upper) and temperature (greatest zoospore root attachment occurring at 15°C). Further comparisons suggested efficiency of zoospore root attachment was also generally associated with known variety resistance to powdery scab, zoosporangial infection and root galling, with a few notable exceptions. The bioassay proved to be a rapid and robust method for screening cultivar resistance to zoospore root attachment.
A novel, patented method for semen collection in dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Mansour Nabil 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the current article, a developed, patented method denoted the ‘Camel Semen Collection Kit‐CSCK’, was designed to solve the problem of semen collection in dromedary camels. CSCK is composed of three main parts: (1) Semen collection sac: made from supersensitive flexible low‐density polyethylene‐ (LDPE); (2) Metal stainless steel applicator: designed to introduce the collection sac intravaginally and fixate it to the vaginal wall of a female camel through air insufflation; (3) Fixation sticker: a cushion sheet sticker is used to secure the outer portion of the collection sac to the female's perineal area. Semen was collected twice a week from eight dromedary bulls by using electroejaculation (EJ), artificial vagina (AV) and CSCK. Successful semen collections were 81.3%, 84.4% and 43.8% using EJ, CSCK and AV techniques respectively. Semen obtained by EJ technique showed lower semen volume, gross activity, sperm concentration, total sperm motility and percentage of live sperm cells compared to the other two techniques. Semen collected by CSCK showed a longer collection period and higher volume, gross activity, sperm motility and percentage of live spermatozoa and a lower rate of visible contamination compared to AV technique. The advantages and disadvantages of the three techniques were compared and discussed. In conclusion, CSCK represents a practical and easy method to reliably collect high‐quality semen from any untrained male dromedary camel and may facilitate the widespread application of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) on a large scale in this species.
Upskilling as integration policy: Making the most of refugees' human capital in a context of skill shortage
Authors: Bonoli Giuliano , Otmani Ihssane 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe integration of refugees is a serious social policy problem in many advanced countries, and current trends suggest that this issue is unlikely to disappear soon. At the same time, these countries are also experiencing skill shortages in expanding sectors. These twin pressures create an opportunity to use education as a tool to pursue refugee integration. We investigate how refugees are trained in a country, Switzerland, where employers play an important role in vocational training. We discuss the national strategy for refugee integration and then focus on the implementation in one French speaking Canton (Vaud) on the basis of a qualitative vignette survey among case workers in charge of supporting refugee integration. At implementation, we do not find much evidence of a generalised upskilling strategy being applied in Switzerland. On the contrary, the main emphasis is on quick access to employment, supported by vocational training mostly in the low‐skill segment. We conclude that the lack of an upskilling strategy is due to lack of coordination among policy areas and limited interest by employers.
A simple approach for detecting HLA‐A*02 alleles in archival formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue samples and an application example for studying cancer immunoediting
Authors: Witt Johannes , Haupt Saskia , Ahadova Aysel , Bohaumilitzky Lena , Fuchs Vera , Ballhausen Alexej , Przybilla Moritz Jakob , Jendrusch Michael , Seppälä Toni T. , Fürst Daniel , Walle Thomas , Busch Elena , Haag Georg Martin , Hüneburg Robert , Nattermann Jacob , von Knebel Doeberitz Magnus , Heuveline Vincent , Kloor Matthias 
Published: October 2022

The HLA system represents a central component of the antigen presentation machinery. As every patient possesses a defined set of HLA molecules, only certain antigens can be presented on the cell surface. Thus, studying HLA type‐dependent antigen presentation can improve the understanding of variation in susceptibility to various diseases, including infectious diseases and cancer. In archival formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue, the HLA type is difficult to analyze because of fragmentation of DNA, hindering the application of commonly used assays that rely on long DNA stretches. Addressing these difficulties, we present a refined approach for characterizing presence or absence of HLA‐A*02, the most common HLA‐A allele in the Caucasian population, in archival samples. We validated our genotyping strategy in a cohort of 90 samples with HLA status obtained by an NGS‐based method. 90% (n = 81) of the samples could be analyzed with the approach. For all of them, the presence or absence of HLA‐A*02 alleles was correctly determined with the method, demonstrating 100% sensitivity and specificity (95% CI: 91.40%–100% and 91.19%–100%). Furthermore, we provide an example of application in an independent cohort of 73 FFPE microsatellite‐unstable (MSI) colorectal cancer samples. As MSI cancer cells encompass a high number of mutations in coding microsatellites, leading to the generation of highly immunogenic frameshift peptide antigens, they are ideally suited for studying relations between the mutational landscape of tumor cells and interindividual differences in the immune system, including the HLA genotype. Overall, our method can help to promote studying HLA type‐dependency during the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases, making archival and historic tissue samples accessible for identifying HLA‐A*02 alleles.
Ediacaran mafic magmatism recorded in Cambrian eclogites of the Ross orogen, Antarctica: Implications for the Neoproterozoic rifting episodes along the Pacific‐Gondwana margin
Authors: Kim Taehwan , Kim Yoonsup , Cheong Wonseok , Cho Moonsup , Lee Jong Ik 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe report the first finding of Ediacaran mafic magmatism in northern Victoria Land of the Ross orogen, Antarctica, based on ca. 600–590 Ma magmatic zircon cores in Cambrian eclogites. The mafic magmatism could be either linked to ca. 615–590 Ma incipient convergent margin magmatism in central segment of the Ross orogen, or ca. 600–580 Ma continental rift‐related volcanism widespread in eastern Australia. The latter is preferred based on the trace‐element compositions distinctive from those of arc‐related basalts and the depleted mantle‐like Hf isotopic compositions of zircon. Our results suggest dual rifting episodes during both the Ediacaran and Cryogenian (ca. 670–650 Ma) in the East Antarctic margin, correlative with those in eastern Australia. A spatial distribution of coeval rifting and subduction along the Ediacaran margin of East Antarctica is readily accounted for by rift inheritance; the upper‐ and lower‐plate geometry resulting from detachment and transform faulting.
Accretion of the NW Himalayan foreland pre‐dates Late Cenozoic climate change
Authors: Lamont Ellen A. , Sousa Francis J. , Meigs Andrew J. , Jayangondaperumal Ramakrishna , Flowers Rebecca M. , Anilkumar Aravind , Woodring Danielle , Sobel Edward R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractConceptual models demonstrate that climate can control the structural evolution of mountain belts and that Pliocene–Quaternary global climate change modulated Himalayan wedge behaviour. A key test of this hypothesis is the timing of foreland accretion. If foreland accretion pre‐dates climate change, then climate is not the primary driver of mountain building. New apatite (U–Th)/He data from NW Himalaya foreland thrust sheets suggest that accretion had occurred by the latest 4 Ma, prior to the Pliocene–Quaternary global climate change. Climate cannot, therefore, be invoked as the principal driver of Himalayan tectonics in the late Cenozoic.Statement of significanceThis paper presents 66 new, single grain apatite (U–Th)/He (AHe) dates from the foreland basin that constrain NW Himalayan evolution through the late Cenozoic. We show that accretion of the NW sub‐Himalayan foreland was underway by 4 Ma at the latest, several million years earlier than previous estimates, and was followed by distributed, wedge‐internal deformation by 2 Ma. These and other published data present a consistent pattern and timing of deformation observed over nearly 600 km of the NW sub‐Himalaya. Our new constraints on orogen evolution provide key insights into the relative importance of climate and tectonics in driving orogenic systems.
Lessons from the famous 17th‐century paradox of the Chevalier de Méré
Authors: López‐Barrientos José Daniel , Silva Eliud , Lemus‐Rodríguez Enrique 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe take advantage of a combinatorial misconception and the famous paradox of the Chevalier de Méré to present the multiplication rule for independent events; the principle of inclusion and exclusion in the presence of disjoint events; the median of a discrete‐type random variable, and a confidence interval for a large sample. Moreover, we pay tribute to our original bibliographic sources by providing two computational tools to facilitate the students' insights on these topics.
Comparison of skeletal scintigraphy and standing 18F‐NaF positron emission tomography for imaging of the fetlock in 33 Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Spriet Mathieu , Arndt Stefanie , Pige Charlene , Pye Jannah , O'Brion Julie , Carpenter Ryan , Blea Jeff , Dowd Joseph P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis retrospective, methods comparison study aimed to compare skeletal scintigraphy and 18F‐NaF positron emission tomography (PET) for the detection of abnormalities in the fetlocks of Thoroughbred racehorses. Thirty‐three horses (72 limbs) imaged with both scintigraphy and 18F‐NaF PET, for investigation of lameness or poor performance related to the fetlock, were included. Seven observers, including experienced racetrack practitioners, surgery and imaging residents, and a board‐certified veterinary radiologist, independently reviewed all data for evidence of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake in 10 different regions of interest. The interobserver agreement was higher for PET (Kappa‐weighted (K‐w) 0.73 (0.51–0.84)) (median (range)) than for scintigraphy (0.61 (0.40–0.77)) (P < 0.0001). When scintigraphy and PET were compared, the agreement was fair (K‐w 0.29). More sites of increased uptake were identified using PET compared with scintigraphy. Agreement between the two modalities was higher for the palmar/plantar metacarpal/metatarsal condylar regions (K‐w 0.59) than for the proximal sesamoid bones (K‐w 0.25). Increased radiopharmaceutical uptake was detected in the medial proximal sesamoid bone in 6.9% and 22.2% of limbs with scintigraphy and PET, respectively. The high interobserver agreement for PET, despite the recent introduction of this technique, demonstrates the ease of clinical interpretation of PET scans. The higher number of lesions detected with PET compared with scintigraphy can be explained by the higher spatial resolution and cross‐sectional nature of this modality. Study findings supported using PET in a clinical population of racehorses, in particular for the assessment of the proximal sesamoid bones.
Changes of the biophysical properties of voltage‐gated Na+currents during maturation of the sodium‐taste cells in rat fungiform papillae
Authors: Bigiani Albertino , Tirindelli Roberto , Bigiani Lorenzo , Mapelli Jonathan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTaste cells are a heterogeneous population of sensory receptors that undergo continuous turnover. Different chemo‐sensitive cell lines rely on action potentials to release the neurotransmitter onto nerve endings. The electrical excitability is due to the presence of a tetrodotoxin‐sensitive, voltage‐gated sodium current (INa) similar to that found in neurons. Since the biophysical properties of neuronalINachange during development, we wondered whether the same also occurred in taste cells. Here, we used the patch‐clamp recording technique to studyINain salt‐sensing cells (sodium cells) of rat fungiform papillae. We identified these cells by exploiting the known blocking effect of amiloride on ENaC, the sodium (salt) receptor. Based on the amplitude ofINa, which is known to increase during development, we subdivided sodium cells into two groups: cells with small sodium current (SSC cells;INa < 1 nA) and cells with large sodium current (LSC cells;INa > 1 nA). We found that: the voltage dependence of activation and inactivation significantly differed between these subsets; a slowly inactivating sodium current was more prominent in LSC cells; membrane capacitance in SSC cells was larger than in LSC cells. mRNA expression analysis of the α‐subunits of voltage‐gated sodium channels in fungiform taste buds supported the functional data. Lucifer Yellow labelling of recorded cells revealed that our electrophysiological criterion for distinguishing two broad groups of taste cells was in good agreement with morphological observations for cell maturity. Thus, all these findings are consistent with developmental changes in the voltage‐dependent properties of sodium‐taste cells.imageKey pointsTaste cells are sensory receptors that undergo continuous turnover while they detect food chemicals and communicate with afferent nerve fibres.The voltage‐gated sodium current (INa) is a key ion current for generating action potentials in fully differentiated and chemo‐sensitive taste cells, which use electrical signalling to release neurotransmitters.Here we show that, during the maturation of rat taste cells involved in salt detection (sodium cells), the biophysical properties ofINa, such as voltage dependence of activation and inactivation, change significantly.Our results help reveal how taste cells gain electrical excitability during turnover, a property critical to their operation as chemical detectors that relay sensory information to nerve fibres.
A Gray Target Calculation–Cloud Gravity Center Health Assessment Method for Gas Turbine Engine
Authors: Ao Ran , Cao Yunpeng , Luan Junqi , Han Xiaoyu , Li Shuying , Yan Li 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Since the health status of gas turbine engine is difficult to quantify, which brings great challenges to health assessment and remaining useful life predictions. To solve this problem, a gray target calculation and cloud gravity center (GTC–CGC) health assessment method is proposed. The three-dimensional data normalization process is to characterize the different initial states between samples. The empirical signal-to-noise ratio and entropy weight are used to calculate the subjective and objective weights of health indicators, and convex optimization is used to realize the fusion assessment. The sliding time window method is used to calculate the real-time health state of the gas turbine engine. Finally, health assessment and remaining useful life prediction tests were conducted on turbofan engines using the NASA C-MAPSS dataset. The experimental results show that compared with the self-organizing neural network, the monotonicity, robustness, and trend of the health assessment results were improved by 0.3216, 0.0843, and 0.0355, respectively. The third-order linear regression algorithm was used for remaining useful life prediction, the prediction score of this model is 265, and root mean squared error is 26.1542, which is equivalent to the prediction accuracy of mainstream intelligent prediction methods such as neural network.
The Effect of Rectangular Confinement Aspect Ratio on the Flame Transfer Function of a Turbulent Swirling Flame
Authors: Ånestad Aksel , Ahn Byeonguk , Nygård Håkon T. , Worth Nicholas A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The flame transfer function (FTF) has been experimentally investigated for a premixed, turbulent and highly swirled flame in rectangular enclosures with varying aspect ratio. A range of equivalence ratios and inlet bulk velocities are considered to vary the length of the flame. Increasing confinement is also shown to increase flame length. More confined flames become increasingly asymmetric, with significant changes to the mean flame shape. Characteristic peaks and dips are observed in the FTF gain for several configurations, caused by constructive and destructive interference between different sources of flow perturbations. Changes in the geometrical confinement distinctly affects these interactions, with FTFs in the most confined chamber containing more pronounced peaks and dips. Analysis of the phase-averaged dynamics has been conducted for two limiting operational conditions in the least and most confined enclosures: a short flame at a low bulk velocity and high equivalence ratio condition; and a long flame at a high velocity and low equivalence ratio condition. The analysis of the short flames shows similar behavior in both enclosures, both in terms of the global response and the local structure of the heat release rate oscillations. Small differences in local response symmetry in the flame due to the close confinement do not affect the global flame response. By comparison, close confinement significantly affects the symmetry of the flame dynamics in the long flame. However, the changes in symmetry do not significantly modify the response, and more important is the change in flame length, which significantly alters the cutoff frequency, reducing the gain at high frequencies.
Process Development for Printed Copper With Surface Mount Devices on Inkjet Metallization
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Goyal Kartik , Hill Curtis 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Printed electronics is a fastest growing and emerging technology that have shown much potential in several industries including automotive, wearables, healthcare, and aerospace. Its applications can be found not only in flexible but also in large area electronics. The technology provides an effective and convenient method to additively deposit conductive and insulating materials on any type of substrate. Despite its status, it is not without its challenges. Inkjet technology has gained much attention due to its low cost, low-material consumption, and capability for mass manufacturing. The preferred conductive metal of choice has been mostly silver due to its excellent electrical properties and ease in sintering. However, silver comes to be expensive than its counterpart copper. Since copper is prone to oxidation, much focus has been given toward photonic sintering that involves sudden burst of pulsed light at certain energy to sinter the copper nanoparticles. With this technique, only the printed material gets sintered in a matter of seconds without having a great impact on its substrate. With all the knowledge, there is still a large gap in the process side with copper where it is important to look how the print process affects the electrical and mechanical properties of copper. With the process developed, the resistivity of printed copper was found to be five times the bulk copper. In regards to adhesion to the polyimide film, mechanical shear load to failure was found to be within 15–20 gF. To demonstrate the complete process, commercial-off-the-shelf components are also mounted on the additively printed pads. Statistically, control charting technique is implemented to understand any process variation over long duration of prints.