bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AMBIVALENT GOVERNANCE AND SLOW VIOLENCE IN MUMBAI'S MITHI RIVER
Authors: Kamath Lalitha , Tiwari Anushri 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe argue that state agencies in Mumbai involved in urban environmental governance, specifically river governance, have made real estate and property urbanism more durable amidst the crisis of rising waters through the performance of ambivalent governance. This ‘ambivalencing’ entails government agencies enacting differential practices selectively across and within two interfaces which characterize the governance of flood threat: environmental protection and real estate development (protection vs. development) on the one hand; and informality (elite informalities vs. survival informalities) on the other. We show how ambivalencing as a modality of political power distributes socio‐material and discursive harm by being strong in real estate development and slum displacement and weak in protecting the environment and the city's poor. Ambivalent governance regimes draw on new political logics, where we see the language of protection serve the motive of growth on the one hand, while replaying older inequities by serving as an instrument of dispossession on the other. State‐led informalities—facilitated through formal plans and laws alongside informal agreements to suspend laws or tolerate violations—are central to this governance regime. We conclude with a reflection on the need to grasp the modalities of ambivalent governance and assemble a counter‐politics to reclaim environmental protection by anchoring it to notions of justice for the vulnerable, both human and non‐human.
TOXICITY 1: On Ambiguity and Sewage in Mumbai's Urban Sea
Authors: Anand Nikhil 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this essay, I focus on the remarkable process through which Mumbai's urban administration has continued to release its sewage, largely untreated, into the Arabian Sea. I show how it does this by rendering sewage both legally and materially ambiguous. I urge an attention to the processes of legal and material ambiguation, through which ‘slow violence’ is unevenly administered in Mumbai. Building on the work of Jacqueline Best, I argue that ambiguity does not simply leave open improvised forms of technocratic administration; ambiguity also defers bureaucratic activity in particular domains, while permitting activity in others. Taken together, the municipal administration mobilizes ambiguity so as to evade rendering toxicity an actionable problem of urban living and distributed social vulnerability in the city.
TOXICITY 2: The Violence of Thresholds in Philadelphia
Authors: Bhatia Tathagat 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this essay I explore how regulatory standards for lead—which are designed to ensure the quality of drinking water—permit toxic harm to befall Philadelphia's residents, especially communities of color. The bureaucratic practices of the city's water department, I argue, render knowledge about toxic harm and risk both materially and legally illegible—not always despite, but also because of these standards. A class‐action lawsuit filed against the City of Philadelphia over concerns about lead in the residents’ water supply is used to contextualize and explicate a predominant approach to environmental protection that is centered on creating standards to regulate toxic substances. As the case of Philadelphia shows, such an approach is prone to failure because ultimately the harm caused by a pollutant is only secondary to empirical questions about whether actionable thresholds are crossed and protocols breached.
Identification of four distinct ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ species in pomegranate trees showing witches' broom, little leaf and yellowing in Jordan, and preliminary insights on their putative insect vectors and reservoir plants
Authors: Abu Alloush Asem Habes , Bianco Piero Attilio , Amashah Sadeer , Busato Enrico , Mahasneh Amre , AlShoubaki Mahmoud , Alma Alberto , Tedeschi Rosemarie , Quaglino Fabio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDuring field surveys conducted in northern Jordan from June to November 2020, phytoplasma‐like symptoms, including leaf yellowing/reddening and rolling, little leaf and witches' broom were observed in pomegranate. Disease incidence in 22 surveyed orchards ranged from 30% to 65%. Nested PCR‐based amplification of 16S rRNA gene detected phytoplasmas in 17% of collected symptomatic pomegranate trees. Amplicon nucleotide sequence analyses allowed attributing the detected phytoplasmas to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’, ‘Ca. P. aurantifolia’, ‘Ca. P. asteris’ and ‘Ca. P. ulmi’. These phytoplasmas were found in plants showing specific symptoms and differentially distributed in the considered locations. Additionally, three cicadellids (Macrosteles sexnotatus, Cicadulina bipunctata and Psammotettix striatus) and two non‐crop plants (Plantago major and Capsicum annuum) resulted hosting ‘Ca. P. asteris’ strains, and one cicadellid (Balclutha incisa) was carrying a ‘Ca. P. solani’ strain. A new pomegranate disease complex associated with multiple phytoplasmas, including ‘Ca. P. aurantifolia’ and ‘Ca. P. ulmi’, never reported before in this host plant, is described here. Moreover, preliminary indications are provided on its possible epidemiology in Jordan, involving two putative insect vectors (M. sexnotatus, B. incisa) first reported in the Country.
Cocaethylene cardiotoxicity in emergency department patients with acute drug overdose
Authors: Shastry Siri , Manoochehri Omid , Richardson Lynne D. , Manini Alex F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesCocaine use results in over 500,000 emergency department (ED) visits annually across the United States and ethanol co‐ingestion is reported in 34% of these. Commingling cocaine with ethanol results in the metabolite cocaethylene (CE), which is metabolically active for longer than cocaine alone. Current literature on the cardiotoxicity of CE compared to cocaine alone is limited and lacks consensus. This study aims to fill this gap in the literature and examine cardiovascular events in cocaine use as confirmed by urine toxicology versus CE exposure.MethodsThis was a secondary data analysis of a prospective cohort study of adult patients with acute drug overdose at two urban tertiary care hospital EDs over 4 years. Patients with positive urinary cocaine metabolites were analyzed, and outcomes were compared between patients with overdose and confirmed presence of cocaine on urine toxicology (cocaine group) and patients with cocaine and ethanol use (CE group). The primary outcome was cardiac arrest. Secondary outcomes included myocardial injury and hyperlactatemia. Data were analyzed using multivariable regression models.ResultsWe enrolled a total of 199 patients (150 cocaine, 49 CE). Rates of cardiac arrest were significantly higher in the CE group compared to cocaine (6.1% vs. 0.67%, p = 0.048). Cocaine was significantly associated with myocardial injury compared to CE exposure (mean initial troponin 0.01 ng/ml vs. 0.16 ng/ml, p = 0.021), while hyperlactatemia was associated with CE exposure (mean initial lactate 4.1 mmol/L vs. 2.9 mmol/L, p = 0.038).ConclusionsWhen compared to cocaine exposure alone, CE exposure in ED patients with acute drug overdose was significantly associated with higher occurrence of cardiac arrest, higher mean lactate concentrations, and lower occurrence of myocardial injury.
Assessing the quality of publicly available videos on MDMA‐assisted psychotherapy for PTSD
Authors: Kyarunts Mariam , Mansukhani Meghna P. , Loukianova Larissa L. , Kolla Bhanu P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPatients increasingly rely on the Internet for healthcare information. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of videos on 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)‐assisted psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on YouTube™.MethodsYouTube™ was searched for the terms “MDMA” and “PTSD.” The 100 most viewed videos were analyzed using three standard quality measures: Global Quality Scores (GQS), JAMA benchmark, and DISCERN. Viewer engagement features and source of upload, video duration, inclusion of patient narrative and/or MD/DO/PhD, the mention of lack of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval, side effects, potential for abuse, and use in conjunction with psychotherapy were recorded.ResultsThe videos were of poor quality (mean GQS: 2.26 ± 0.94/5, JAMA: 1.96 ± 0.45/4, and DISCERN: 29.5 ± 8.2/80). A significant positive association was found between video quality and duration (GQS: r = .5857, p < .0001, JAMA: r = .279, p = .0409, DISCERN: r = .5783, p < .0001). Videos including an MD/DO/PhD had the highest scores (GQS: 2.87/5 [1.22], p = .006, DISCERN: 38.35/80 [13.32], p < .0003). A minority of videos were uploaded by academic institutions (1%); most were from professional organizations (29%). No correlation was found between quality and viewer engagement features‐number of views, subscribers, likes/dislikes, or comments. A majority mentioned that MDMA must be used in conjunction with psychotherapy (85%) and is not FDA‐approved (82%) for PTSD. Only 32% of videos mentioned risks or potential for abuse.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the need for better quality of online health material and an opportunity for involvement of healthcare professionals in the dissemination of accurate health information via content creation.Scientific SignificanceThis is the first study to examine publicly available information on the use of MDMA for PTSD.
Radiological versus laparoscopic insertion of peritoneal dialysis catheter: a study comparing outcomes at a single centre
Authors: Sia Yi , Hodgson Russell , Kuder Paula , Tog Chek 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a well‐established and effective form of renal replacement therapy in end‐stage renal failure (ESRF) patients, there is no consensus as to the optimal insertion technique. This study compares the outcomes of PD catheters inserted radiologically versus laparoscopically at a single centre.MethodsPatients who underwent either radiological PD catheter insertion (RC) or laparoscopic insertion (LC) between 2013 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Primary outcome was catheter patency at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included exit‐site infections, peritonitis, and pericatheter leaks within 30 days of insertion, any complications associated with insertion, overall catheter survival, and inpatient length of stay (LoS).ResultsThere were 81 patients included in this study, with a total of 100 procedures performed (RC = 48, LC = 52). There were significantly fewer overall complications in the LC group compared to the RC group (P < 0.001). However, when individual complications were considered, this significant difference was only seen in the rate of malpositioned catheters (10.4% versus 0%, P = 0.023). Hospital LoS was longer in the LC group compared to the RC group (3 versus 2 days, P = 0.004), but this was outweighed by the fact that there were more laparoscopically inserted PD catheters still functioning and patent at 12 months compared to those inserted radiologically.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated that our laparoscopic PD catheter insertion technique of securing the catheter tip low in the pelvis is safe and effective, providing a lower complication rate and longer‐term viability when compared to the radiological percutaneous approach.
MotiMove: Multi‐purpose transcutaneous functional electrical stimulator
Authors: Popović‐Maneski Lana , Mateo Sébastien 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMotiMove is a battery‐powered general‐purpose transcutaneous functional electrical stimulator (tFES) that comes out of more than 40‐year academic research at the University of Belgrade, Serbia. MotiMove can be used for therapeutic intervention, clinical research, and support of fitness training in different application modes (cycling, rowing, grasping, walking, and exercising). Unlike other commercially available tFES devices, it allows real‐time open or closed‐loop control of stimulation parameters to 8 separate current sources from a multitude of sensors. Recent studies with MotiMove in healthy people and people with motor diseases have shown the applicability of the MotiMove stimulator for different users in various environments. Future development will focus on FES clothes with dry interface electrodes and integrated sensors that combined with MotiMove will make a compact easy‐donning testbed for real‐time FES control algorithms.
The biopsychosocial model in paediatric clinical practice—An interdisciplinary approach to somatic symptom disorders
Authors: Førde Stein , Herner Linn Breen , Helland Ingrid B. , Diseth Trond H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThe paper aims to show how the biopsychosocial (BPS) model can be applied as a clinical method and guide the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with somatic symptom disorders (SSD).MethodsBased on relevant literature and our clinical work with children and adolescents with SSD, we have developed a method to ensure a structured, interdisciplinary examination of biological, psychological and social factors, operationalising the BPS model into a clinical method.ResultsThe BPS model renders assessment and treatment of complex conditions as a basis for evaluating phenomena not confined by diagnostic tools, but still includes all information from these tools. It requires an interdisciplinary approach, giving individual patient and caregivers a central position. A thorough medical examination is required as a starting point for assessments. Good results rest upon a shared understanding between patient, caregivers and professionals.Conclusions‘Biopsychosocial’ is often claimed as a basis for clinical work with complex cases, medical, functional and psychiatric, but scarcely with a corresponding BPS method or practice. The BPS method should guide further development of holistic, interdisciplinary health care on all levels, to assess and help children and adolescents with SSD.
Amplitude integrated electroencephalography – Reference values in children aged 2 months to 16 years
Authors: MacDarby Laura J. , Healy Martina , Curley Gerard , McHugh John C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimAmplitude integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) is a bedside neuromonitoring tool, standard within neonatal critical care provision. Its application in children is increasing but normative data underpinning such use are lacking. We present a dataset of normative aEEG values for children aged 2 months to 16 years.MethodsThis retrospective observational cohort study derives aEEG normative amplitude characteristics from electroencephalograms (EEGs) recorded in Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin. aEEG was derived from 350 normal EEGs, recorded in children aged 2 months to 16 years. Supplementary aEEGs were derived from children with abnormal EEG traces. Median upper and lower margin amplitudes and bandwidth were calculated from 5 min waking and sleeping EEG epochs.ResultsaEEG amplitudes vary with age and state, increasing over the first 2 years of life before diminishing. Upper and lower margin amplitudes and bandwidth are greater during sleep for children <6 years. Reference ranges may be cohorted into two groups (upper and lower reference limits; <6 years ‐ 38 μV/7 μV awake, 54 μV/10 μV asleep; >6 years – 33 μV/5 μV awake, 36 μV/6 μV asleep).ConclusionaEEG traces evolve with age in childhood and differ from neonatal values. We provide a comprehensive set of aEEG normatives to facilitate clinical interpretation in older children.
The virtues of COVID‐19 pandemic: How working from home can make us the best (or the worst) version of ourselves
Authors: Rocchi Marta , Bernacchio Caleb 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe combined effect of technological innovations in the workplace and the lockdowns imposed by the COVID‐19 pandemic has rapidly increased the prominence of remote working, with an undeniable impact on both business and society. In light of this organizational and sociological change, this article analyzes how this renewed work environment can be the place where workers can develop several relevant virtues, specifically moderation, integrity, and mercy. This new environment may also present the opportunity to develop a number of opposing vices, which are also explained and analyzed. The article concludes by suggesting some implications for managers who wish to promote virtuous behaviors in the new context of remote work.
A Formal Causal Interpretation of the Case-Crossover Design
Authors: Shahn Zach , Hernán Miguel A. , Robins James M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The case-crossover design of Maclure is widely used in epidemiology and other fields to study causal effects of transient treatments on acute outcomes. However, its validity and causal interpretation have only been justified under informal conditions. Here, we place the design in a formal counterfactual framework for the first time. Doing so helps to clarify its assumptions and interpretation. In particular, when the treatment effect is nonnull, we identify a previously unnoticed bias arising from strong common causes of the outcome at different person-times. We analyze this bias and demonstrate its potential importance with simulations. We also use our derivation of the limit of the case-crossover estimator to analyze its sensitivity to treatment effect heterogeneity, a violation of one of the informal criteria for validity. The upshot of this work for practitioners is that, while the case-crossover design can be useful for testing the causal null hypothesis in the presence of baseline confounders, extra caution is warranted when using the case-crossover design for point estimation of causal effects.
Are commonly used lab‐based measures of food value and choice predictive of self‐reported real‐world snacking? An ecological momentary assessment study
Authors: Masterton Sarah , Hardman Charlotte A. , Boyland Emma , Robinson Eric , Makin Harriet E. , Jones Andrew 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesWhile the assessment of actual food intake is essential in the evaluation of behaviour change interventions for weight‐loss, it may not always be feasible to collect this information within traditional experimental paradigms. For this reason, measures of food preference (such as measures of food value and choice) are often used as more accessible alternatives. However, the predictive validity of these measures (in relation to subsequent food consumption) has not yet been studied. Our aim was to investigate the extent to which three commonly used measures of preference for snack foods (explicit food value, unhealthy food choice and implicit preference) predicted self‐reported real‐world snacking occasions.DesignEcological Momentary Assessment (EMA) design.MethodOver a seven‐day study period, participants (N = 49) completed three daily assessments where they reported their healthy and unhealthy snack food consumption and completed the three measures of preference (explicit food value, unhealthy food choice and implicit preference).ResultsOur findings demonstrated some weak evidence that unhealthy Visual Analogue Scale scores predicted between‐subject increases in unhealthy snacking frequency (OR = 1.018 [1.006, 1.030], p = .002). No other preference measures significantly predicted self‐reported healthy or unhealthy snacking occasions (ps > .05).ConclusionsThese findings raise questions in relation to the association between measures of preference and self‐reported real‐world snack food consumption. Future research should further evaluate the predictive and construct validity of these measures in relation to food behaviours and explore the development of alternative assessment methods within eating behaviour research.
Epigenetic engineering for optimal chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy
Authors: Ito Yusuke , Kagoya Yuki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent advancements in cancer immunotherapy, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐engineered T cell therapy and immune checkpoint therapy, have significantly improved the clinical outcomes of patients with several types of cancer. To broaden its applicability further and induce durable therapeutic efficacy, it is imperative to understand how antitumor T cells elicit cytotoxic functions, survive as memory T cells, or are impaired in their effector functions (exhausted) at the molecular level. T cell properties are regulated by their gene expression profiles, which are further controlled by epigenetic architectures, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications. Multiple studies have elucidated specific epigenetic genes associated with T‐cell phenotypic changes. Conversely, exogenous modification of these key epigenetic factors can significantly alter T cell functions by extensively altering the transcription network, which can be applied in cancer immunotherapy by improving T cell persistence or augmenting effector functions. As CAR‐T cell therapy involves a genetic engineering step during the preparation of the infusion products, it would be a feasible strategy to additionally modulate specific epigenetic genes in CAR‐T cells to improve their quality. Here, we review recent studies investigating how individual epigenetic factors play a crucial role in T‐cell biology. We further discuss future directions to integrate these findings for optimal cancer immunotherapy.
Depathologising diversity: Trans children and families' experiences of pathologisation in the UK
Authors: Horton Cal 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn January 2022 the World Health Organization removed transgender identities from categorisation as a mental illness, marking a significant global shift from the pathologisation of gender diversity. However, a legacy of pathologisation of trans identities continues to impact trans lives, particularly on trans children. Informed by qualitative data from 30 families with trans children, this article examines the continued impacts of pathologisation on trans children and families in the UK, exploring how pathologisation manifests at individual, institutional and societal levels. The article advocates for trans depathologisation as a critical priority for child rights and social justice.