bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multistage mixed precision iterative refinement
Authors: Oktay Eda , Carson Erin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLow precision arithmetic, in particular half precision (16‐bit) floating point arithmetic, is now available in commercial hardware. Using lower precision can offer significant savings in computation and communication costs with proportional savings in energy. Motivated by this, there has been a renewed interest in mixed precision iterative refinement schemes for solving linear systems , and new variants of GMRES‐based iterative refinement have been developed. Each particular variant with a given combination of precisions leads to different condition number‐based constraints for convergence of the backward and forward errors, and each has different performance costs. The constraints for convergence given in the literature are, as an artifact of the analyses, often overly strict in practice, and thus could lead a user to select a more expensive variant when a less expensive one would have sufficed. In this work, we develop a multistage mixed precision iterative refinement solver which aims to combine existing mixed precision approaches to balance performance and accuracy and improve usability. For a user‐specified initial combination of precisions, the algorithm begins with the least expensive approach and convergence is monitored via inexpensive computations with quantities produced during the iteration. If slow convergence or divergence is detected using particular stopping criteria, the algorithm switches to use a more expensive, but more reliable variant. A novel aspect of our approach is that, unlike existing implementations, our algorithm first attempts to use “stronger” GMRES‐based solvers for the solution update before resorting to increasing the precision(s). In some scenarios, this can avoid the need to refactorize the matrix in higher precision. We perform extensive numerical experiments on a variety of random dense problems and problems from real applications which confirm the benefits of the multistage approach.
The benefit of telemedicine in obesity care
Authors: Kahan Scott , Look Michelle , Fitch Angela 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIt has been estimated that, by 2030, nearly 80% of adults in the United States will have pre‐obesity or obesity. Despite the continued rise in obesity prevalence and the difficulty for many affected patients to lose weight and maintain lost weight, the use of guideline‐supported treatments, including pharmacotherapy, intensive behavioral counseling, and bariatric surgery, remains low. There are many potential barriers to effective use of antiobesity treatments, including limited access to guideline‐supported obesity care (often driven by practical challenges, geographic barriers, limited insurance coverage, and high cost of care) and a dearth of specialists and comprehensive treatment teams. Driven in part by the COVID‐19 pandemic, the recent expansion of telemedicine offers unique opportunities to mitigate these factors. This review discusses the use of telemedicine to facilitate obesity treatment. Continued growth and utility of telemedicine for obesity care require further formative and experimental research to determine best practices, assess challenges for implementation, and evaluate long‐term outcomes, as well as proactive policy changes to promote ongoing use of telemedicine beyond the COVID‐19 pandemic.
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A comparison of mechanical properties of recycled high‐density polyethylene/waste carbon fiber via injection molding and 3D printing
Authors: Borkar Ameya , Hendlmeier Andreas , Simon Zan , Randall James D. , Stojcevski Filip , Henderson Luke C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecycled high‐density polyethylene (r‐HDPE) was combined with waste carbon fiber by loading 6 k, 12 k, and 24 k tows through an extruder to create thermoplastic/carbon pellets with fiber volume fractions of 11.2%, 18.9%, and 29.5%, respectively. Tensile and flexural coupons were subsequently produced via injection molding and novel 3D printing. The addition of carbon into r‐HDPE in all cases showed increased mechanical properties. Maximum increases were observed through the inclusion of 29.5% fiber volume fraction. Increases in tensile and flexural modulus of up to 2.9 GPa (+505.9%) and 5.8 GPa (+711.0%) respectively were observed for r‐HDPE/carbon fiber (CF) samples. Increases in tensile and flexural strengths of up to 57.9 MPa (+311.8%) and 47.7 MPa (+188.0%) respectively were observed for 29.5% r‐HDPE/CF samples. Some variance in mechanical performance between injection molded and 3D printed samples was observed indicating production methodology might influence final material performance.
Sex differences in the utilization of drugs for COVID‐19 treatment among elderly residents in a sample of Italian nursing homes
Authors: Spini Andrea , Crescioli Giada , Donnini Sandra , Ziche Marina , Collini Francesca , Gemmi Fabrizio , Virgili Gianni , Vannacci Alfredo , Lucenteforte Ersilia , Gini Rosa , Lombardi Niccolò , Roberto Giuseppe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeTo describe the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), azithromycin (AZI) and low‐molecular‐weight‐heparins (LMWH) by sex among elderly residents in nursing homes (NHs) of Tuscany region (Italy) during the first pandemic peak.MethodsA population‐based drug utilization study was performed linking the Tuscany Administrative Databases (TAD) to the regional COVID‐19 registry. Among elderly patients (≥ 65 years old) registered in TAD on 1st December 2019, new users of HCQ, AZI and LMWH that started the treatment during NHs stay (i.e., no dispensing of the same drug during the previous 6 months) were respectively identified in each month of observation period (December 2019–May 2020). The percentage of subjects diagnosed with COVID‐19 (COVID‐19+) on, or before, the date of first dispensing of the drug of interest was described. Results were stratified by sex (male = M; female = F).ResultsNew users of HCQ, AZI and LMWH were 62, 300, and 1215, respectively. About 95% of HCQ new users received the drug in April (M = 20; F = 40) of which 11 of men (55%) and 25 of women (62%) were COVID‐19+; AZI new users in April (M = 32; F = 83) were two‐fold compared to February, of which 10 of men (31%) and 30 of women (36%) were COVID‐19+; LMWH new users showed a peak in April (M = 74; F = 142), when 31% of men and 34% of women were COVID‐19 + .ConclusionsNew users showed a peak during the first pandemic wave and females were over two‐fold compared to men. HCQ was often prescribed in absence of COVID‐19 diagnosis. During future global emergencies drug prescriptions should better be monitored in frail populations, especially in case of drugs with uncertain efficacy and safety.
Discerning critical stressors and resources in the lives of cancer patients: A multivariate analysis of targets of intervention for enhancing cancer care and quality of life
Authors: Merluzzi Thomas V. , Zhang Guangjian , Philip Errol J. , Lee Dayoung , Salamanca‐Balen Natalia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the relationship between a broad variety of stressors, resources, and outcomes to identify targets of intervention to enhance the quality of life of cancer patients and contribute to a comprehensive model of cancer care.MethodsFive hundred and sixty persons with a diagnosis of cancer completed measures of stressors (past negative life events, current problems, current symptoms, comorbidities), resources (coping self‐efficacy, social support, satisfaction with care) and outcomes (emotional and functional well‐being).ResultsMultivariate canonical correlations between pairs of canonical variates (stressors‐outcomes, Rc = 0.56; stressors‐resources, Rc = 0.42, resources‐outcomes Rc = 0.66) were significant (all ps < 0.0001), which confirmed the relationship between those components and supported proceeding to more granular levels of analysis. More refined analyses revealed that the most critical variables in relation to outcomes (i.e., emotional and functional well‐being), were current problems and symptoms among the stressors and coping self‐efficacy, social support and patient satisfaction among the resources.ConclusionsThis study provided an approach to the discernment of the most critical aspects of interventions that may improve supportive care and quality of life outcomes. Thus, efforts to address current problems (e.g., financial, home life, work), as well as effective management of symptoms (e.g., pain, fatigue, sleep), using the coordinated integration of medical care, support services and psycho‐social interventions would provide the greatest impact on quality‐of‐life outcomes. Interventions that focus on problem solving and reinforce patient agency and activation may be most effective in sustaining quality of life outcomes into survivorship.
Coronaphobia: A barrier to ongoing cancer treatment?
Authors: Sönmez Özlem , Tezcanli Evrim , Taşçı Elif Şenocak , Kazancı Hande Büşra , Altınok Ayşe , Toklucu Elvan , Taşçı Yusuf , Aydoğdu Çise , Aydın Ayşegül Bakır , Yüce Sabiha , Oyan Başak 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionIncreased stress levels caused by the pandemic might cause delays in cancer treatment. We conducted a survey among cancer patients undergoing treatment to evaluate their psychological wellbeing and treatment adherence during Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) pandemic.Material and MethodsPatients receiving active chemotherapy at a private oncology center between January and May 2021 were included. Healthy volunteers were employees of a district health directorate with no history of cancer or chronic disease. Treatment adherence was described as compliant if the prescribed treatment was received within a week and the information was gained from patient charts. Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and COVID‐19 phobia scale (CP19‐S) were administered to participants.Results402 participants were included; 193 (48%) were cancer patients. The mean age of the participants was 44 years old and 68% of the participants were female. All participants' CP19‐S mean score was 47.9. Patient group had significantly lower CP19‐S (p = 0.006). Chronic disease and history of a shocking event were the factors associated with CP19‐S. All participants reporting hospital anxiety were found to have significantly higher COVID‐19 phobia levels (p < 0.05). Patients' mean HADS‐anxiety score was significantly higher (7.3 vs. 6.5, p = 0.027). COVID‐19 phobia was an independent factor increasing the level of anxiety and depression in both groups. Adherence to treatment was 100%.ConclusionThe pandemic increased levels of anxiety, however, cancer treatment continued to be a priority in patients' lives. Strategies should be developed to support oncology patients cope with the pandemic and increase their courage to avoid treatment delays.
Is the proteomic composition of the salivary pellicle dependent on the substrate material?
Authors: Trautmann Simone , Künzel Nicolas , Fecher‐Trost Claudia , Barghash Ahmad , Dudek Johanna , Flockerzi Veit , Helms Volkhard , Hannig Matthias 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeThe use of dental restorative materials is a routine task in clinical dentistry. Upon exposure to the oral cavity, continuous adsorption of salivary proteins and other macromolecules to all surfaces occurs, representing the first step in dental biofilm formation. Different physico‐chemical properties of substrate materials potentially influence the composition of the initial biofilm, termed pellicle. This study aimed at characterizing and comparing the individual proteomic composition of the 3‐min pellicle formed on bovine enamel and six restorative materials.Experimental DesignAfter chemical elution, pellicle proteins were identified by nano‐LC‐HR‐MS/MS. Proteomic profiles were analyzed in terms of molecular weights, isoelectric points, molecular functions and compared to saliva to reveal substrate material‐specific adsorption patterns.ResultsA total of 1348 different pellicle proteins were identified, with 187–686 proteins in individual 3‐min pellicles. Unexpectedly, this yielded quite similar distribution patterns independent of the substrate materials. Furthermore, overall similar fold changes were obtained for the major part of commonly enriched or depleted proteins in the pellicles.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThe current results point to a minor role of the substrate material on the proteomic composition of the 3‐min pellicle and represent core data for understanding the complex surface interactions in the oral cavity.
Second primary malignancies in oral tongue cancer: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result–based analysis evaluating the basic characteristics, survival outcomes, and predictive factors
Authors: Xu Zicheng , Wang Jianxing , Cai Hongzhou , Qi Feng , Zou Qing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the risk of developing a second primary malignancy (SPM) in oral tongue cancer (OTC) patients, and identify the characteristics and survival outcomes of OTC patients with an SPM. Patients with first primary OTC were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) database, and were further divided into the only one primary malignancy (OOPM) group and SPM group. Baseline characteristics and survival outcomes between patients in two groups were compared. Furthermore, a Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard model was utilized to investigate the cumulative risk of developing an SPM in OTC patients. Then, a multivariate competing‐risk model was performed to explore risk predictors. Patients in the SPM group had older age and lower tumor stage than those in the OOPM group. Moreover, the proportion of receiving surgery in the SPM group was significantly higher than that in the OOPM group. Lung was the most common site of SPMs in whole patients. In male patients, the second common site of SPMs was prostate, while in female patients, it was female breast. OTC patients with an SPM of lung and bronchus had the worst overall survival. Finally, older age, male sex, primary site of ventral surface and anterior 2/3 of tongue, localized diseases, and the administration of surgery were considered as risk predictors of developing an SPM in OTC patients. OTC survivors had high risk of developing an SPM, and subsequent malignancy was an important COD. Careful monitoring is warranted in OTC survivors due to the high SPM‐specific mortality.
The structure of the Clostridium thermocellum RsgI9 ectodomain provides insight into the mechanism of biomass sensing
Authors: Mahoney Brendan J. , Takayesu Allen , Zhou Anqi , Cascio Duilio , Clubb Robert T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClostridium thermocellum is actively being developed as a microbial platform to produce biofuels and chemicals from renewable plant biomass. An attractive feature of this bacterium is its ability to efficiently degrade lignocellulose using surface‐displayed cellulosomes, large multi‐protein complexes that house different types of cellulase enzymes. Clostridium thermocellum tailors the enzyme composition of its cellulosome using nine membrane‐embedded anti‐σ factors (RsgI1‐9), which are thought to sense different types of extracellular carbohydrates and then elicit distinct gene expression programs via cytoplasmic σ factors. Here we show that the RsgI9 anti‐σ factor interacts with cellulose via a C‐terminal bi‐domain unit. A 2.0 Å crystal structure reveals that the unit is constructed from S1C peptidase and NTF2‐like protein domains that contain a potential binding site for cellulose. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering experiments of the intact ectodomain indicate that it adopts a bi‐lobed, elongated conformation. In the structure, a conserved RsgI extracellular (CRE) domain is connected to the bi‐domain via a proline‐rich linker, which is expected to project the carbohydrate‐binding unit ~160 Å from the cell surface. The CRE and proline‐rich elements are conserved in several other C. thermocellum anti‐σ factors, suggesting that they will also form extended structures that sense carbohydrates.
Heterologous overexpression of Sup35 in Escherichia coli leads to both monomer and complex states
Authors: Wang Mingyang , Wang Xiao , Cheng Zhenyun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe heterologous overexpression states of prion proteins play a critical role in understanding the mechanisms of prion‐related diseases. We report herein the identification of soluble monomer and complex states for a bakers' yeast prion, Sup35, when expressed in Escherichia coli. Two peaks are apparent with the elution of His‐tagged Sup35 by imidazole from a Ni2+ affinity column. Peak I contains Sup35 in both monomer and aggregated states. Sup35 aggregate is abbreviated as C‐aggregate and includes a non‐fibril complex comprising Sup35 aggregate‐HSP90‐Dna K, ATP synthase β unit (chain D), 30S ribosome subunit, and Omp F. The purified monomer and C‐aggregate can remain stable for an extended period of time. Peak II contains Sup35 also in both monomer and aggregated (abbreviated as S‐aggregate) states, but the aggregated states are caused by the formation of inter‐Sup35 disulfide bonds. This study demonstrates that further assembly of Sup35 non‐fibril C‐aggregate can be interrupted by the chaperone repertoire system in E. coli.
Distinct atrial remodeling in patients with subclinical atrial fibrillation: Lessons from computed tomographic images
Authors: Huang Sung‐Hao , Liao Chao‐Feng , Chen Zu‐Yin , Chao Tze‐Fan , Chen Shih‐Ann , Tsao Hsuan‐Ming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsCardiac implanted electronic devices (CIEDs) can detect atrial high‐rate episodes (AHREs) and challenge current management of subclinical atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsTo characterize the anatomic and functional remodeling of cardiac structures between patients with subclinical AF (SCAF) and clinical AF. The predictors for AHREs ≥6 min were also investigated.ResultsWe compared the atrial volume, dynamic function, and peri‐atrial fat between 104 CIEDs (AHREs = 0, n = 12; SCAF, n = 66; CIEDs with AF, n = 26) and 40 paroxysmal AF patients who were planning for catheter ablation (AF for ablation) using 256‐slice multidetector computed tomography for the duration of the AHREs. The maximal volume of the left atrium (LA) and LA appendage (LAA) were significantly smaller; the total emptying fraction (EF) and active EF of the LA and LAA were significantly better in the patients with SCAF than in those with clinical AF. Less peri‐atrial fat (p < 0.001) and a greater LAA/ascending aorta (AA) Hounsfield unit (HU) ratio (p < 0.05) were noted in the patients with SCAF. Significantly increased volume reduced the total EF of LA and LAA and a reduced LAA/AA HU ratio (0.91 ± 0.18 vs 0.98 ± 0.03 vs 0.97 ± 0.05, p < 0.05) were demonstrated in patients with AHREs ≥6 min compared to those with AHREs <6 min and without AHRE. Multivariate analysis showed the reduced LAA/AA HU ratio is an independent predictor for the development of AHREs ≥6 min.ConclusionAs compared to clinical AF, patients with SCAF show a more favorable LA remodeling process. Among the patients with device‐detected AHREs, worse LA remodeling and a reduced LAA/AA HU ratio were associated with the occurrence of AHREs ≥6 min. These findings may provide an incremental value for understanding SCAF.
Effects of pharmacological inhibition of the sodium‐dependent phosphate cotransporter 2b (NPT2b) on intestinal phosphate absorption in mouse and rat models
Authors: Wang Xiaojun , Xu Yanping , Yu Xiaohong , Dey Asim , Zhang Hong Y. , Zink Charity M. , Wodka Derek , Porter Gina , Matter William F. , Porras Leah , Reidy Charles A. , Peterson Jeffrey A. , Mattioni Brian E. , Haas Joseph V. , Kowala Mark C. , Wetterau John R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn excess phosphate burden in renal disease has pathological consequences for bone, kidney, and heart. Therapies to decrease intestinal phosphate absorption have been used to address the problem, but with limited success. Here, we describe the in vivo effects of a novel potent inhibitor of the intestinal sodium‐dependent phosphate cotransporter NPT2b, LY3358966. Following treatment with LY3358966, phosphate uptake into plasma 15 min following an oral dose of radiolabeled phosphate was decreased 74% and 22% in mice and rats, respectively, indicating NPT2b plays a much more dominant role in mice than rats. Following the treatment with LY3358966 and radiolabeled phosphate, mouse feces were collected for 48 h to determine the ability of LY3358966 to inhibit phosphate absorption. Compared to vehicle‐treated animals, there was a significant increase in radiolabeled phosphate recovered in feces (8.6% of the dose, p < .0001). Similar studies performed in rats also increased phosphate recovered in feces (5.3% of the dose, p < .05). When used in combination with the phosphate binder sevelamer in rats, there was a further small, but not significant, increase in fecal phosphate. In conclusion, LY3358966 revealed a more prominent role for NPT2b on acute intestinal phosphate uptake into plasma in mice than rats. However, the modest effects on total intestinal phosphate absorption observed in mice and rats with LY3359866 when used alone or in combination with sevelamer highlights the challenge to identify new more effective therapeutic targets and/or drug combinations to treat the phosphate burden in patients with renal disease.
Synthesis, Structure and Topology of Copper(I) Tetrazolate Framework: Facile Approach to Design Multiple Dye Adsorbent with Carbon Composites
Authors: Rom Tanmay , Kumar Nikhil , Maji Pradip K. , Paul Avijit Kumar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe development of porous tetrazolate metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and their carbon composites for the efficient adsorption of organic dyes is a highly exciting field for material developments as well as waste water treatment. Herein, we have introduced a copper tetrazole‐based metal organic framework, {(Cu(C2N4H3); CUT1}, synthesized via in‐situ ligand synthesis followed by [2+3] cycloaddition strategy. A set of activated carbon (AC) composites namely as CUT1@1 %AC‐Black and CUT1@5 %AC‐Black have also been prepared by loading of different proportions of activated carbon (AC) in CUT1 via sonication process. Single‐crystal X‐ray data and topological analysis results have been shown that the parent MOF (CUT1) exhibits a three‐dimensional extended structure and formed 43.62.8 ptr net topology. The phase purity and surface area of as‐synthesized MOF and AC composite have been examined through various techniques. The dye adsorption properties have been investigated for present materials by using three anionic dyes and three cationic dyes at room temperature. The results of adsorption studies demonstrated that 5 wt.% AC carbon composite is adequate for promising adsorption activity against all selected organic dyes compared to parent MOF (CUT1). A minor enhancement of surface area in the composite material exhibits the adsorption of both the cationic and anionic dyes rendering the structure and morphology remains unchanged.