bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Informative and semantic language features of people with dementia displayed during reminiscence therapy
Authors: Park Kyongok , Moon SeolHwa 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundCommunication is essential for people with dementia (PWD) to independently perform activities of daily living. While cognitive training could improve communication abilities in PWD, there is limited evidence of the effect of reminiscence therapy (RT) on communication. Therefore, this study examines this effect, focusing on language features.MethodThis study used data from randomised controlled trials applying RT to women with dementia registered in a day‐care center. RT using digital material or storytelling was conducted with PWD for 4 weeks. Outcome measures included general characteristics and communicative ability, such as the number of correct information units (CIUs, a measure of informativeness in discourse), the Holden Communication Scale (HCS) score, and verbal engagement. Repeated‐measures multivariate analysis of variance and the paired t‐test were performed to confirm the effect of RT on communicative ability.ResultsThere was a significant change over time in the ratio of CIUs (F = 4.35, P = 0.016). In the first 2 weeks of the intervention, there were significant differences in the ratio of CIUs (t = −3.00, P = 0.005), total HCS score (t = 2.28, P = 0.028), and conversation score (HCS subdomain) (t = 2.44, P = 0.019) between two measurement time points (T0, T1), while the number of syllables did not significantly change (t = −1.60, P = 0.117).ConclusionsInformative/semantic linguistic ability was significantly increased in PWD, while the amount of discourse did not change after RT. This result may be helpful to improve effective communication with PWD and train healthcare staff working with PWD.
Seed‐ versus transplant‐based eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) restoration success in a temperate marine lake
Authors: Cronau Rens J. T. , de Fouw Jimmy , van Katwijk Marieke M. , Bouma Tjeerd J. , Heusinkveld Jannes H. T. , Hoeijmakers Dieuwke , Lamers Leon P. M. , van der Heide Tjisse 
Published: September 2022

Despite active seagrass restoration gaining traction as a tool to halt and reverse worldwide seagrass losses, overall success remains limited. Restoration strategies, through seeding or transplantation, face different environmental bottlenecks that limit success. Choosing the most appropriate strategy of the two for a specific location, however, is hampered by lack of direct practical comparisons between strategies within a single system. To investigate potential life stage dependent bottlenecks, we compared seed‐based and transplant‐based restoration of Zostera marina in the subtidal saltwater Lake Grevelingen. Our results demonstrate that seedling recruitment was negatively impacted by bioturbation from the lugworm Arenicola marina and sediment movement due to hydrodynamic exposure. Transplant‐based restoration was clearly more successful but surprisingly best predicted by leaf gluing by the ragworm Platynereis dumerilii. This previously undescribed interaction caused seagrass leaves to clump and reduce effective photosynthetic surface and leaf movement. We suggest that the observed behavior of these worms may result from a lack of foodweb interactions, illustrating the importance of trophic control for seagrass restoration. Thus, in addition to recognizing life stage dependent environmental bottlenecks for restoration strategy selection, seagrass restoration may also require the active recovery of their associated food webs.
‘It's a lonely old world’: Developing a multidimensional understanding of loneliness in farming
Authors: Wheeler Rebecca , Lobley Matt , McCann Jude , Phillimore Alex 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article develops a multidimensional understanding of loneliness in farming communities, based on qualitative research with the UK farming community. It presents a conceptual model of loneliness in farming and uses evidence from workshops and interviews with farmers, farm family members and farm support practitioners to explore the various ways in which loneliness is manifested and experienced within the specific context of farming environments, cultures and identities. A range of farming‐specific factors commonly contribute to experiences of loneliness within this community, and we argue that these can be conceptualised as relating to three varying, but interlinking, dimensions of loneliness: social, emotional and cultural. We also discuss the role that certain elements of farming culture and identity play in shaping the ways in which loneliness is experienced and managed. Finally, we consider some of the implications of our findings and suggest priorities for action from a range of stakeholders including the government, the public, farm support organisations and the farming community themselves. Understanding the complexities and nuances of loneliness within farming is important in order to mitigate the issue and help address wider mental health problems within this population.
Clinical and healthcare burden of disease associated with cytomegalovirus in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation – A retrospective single‐center study
Authors: Ranti Juha , Perkonoja Katariina , Kauko Tommi , Korhonen Riku 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundCMV infection is a common complication in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We investigated the association of clinically significant CMV (CS‐CMV) infection with clinical outcomes and healthcare resource utilization in allogeneic HSCT patients in Finland.MethodsThis retrospective study included adult patients who received their first allogeneic HSCT between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2018, at the Turku University Hospital. Data were collected from the hospital data lake. Clinical and healthcare outcomes were investigated at one year and mortality up to three years.ResultsThe study included 251 patients. CMV seroprevalence was 69.7%. CS‐CMV infection occurred in 59.0% of the patients, and of those, 14.2% had ≥2 infections. The median time to CS‐CMV infection was 34.5 days (Q1–Q3, 27.0–45.0). Recipient and donor seropositivity, and lymphoproliferative diseases were associated with higher, and HLA identical sibling donors with lower CS‐CMV infection risk. CS‐CMV infection was not associated with mortality in three years of follow‐up. One hundred thirty‐three (89.8%) and 75 (72.8%) patients with and without CS‐CMV infection, respectively, were readmitted to the hospital. Patients with CS‐CMV infection had more hospital readmissions (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10–1.73, p = .005) and patients with one CS‐CMV infection (IRR 1.48, 95% CI 1.12–1.94, p = .005) or ≥2 infections had longer length of hospital stay (IRR 2.71, 95% CI 1.76‐4.35, p < .001).ConclusionCMV seroprevalence is relatively high among Finnish allogeneic HSCT patients. CS‐CMV infection was common and associated with a higher readmission rate and longer length of hospital stay.
image
Ex vivo and in vivo evaluation of a modified interrupted Lembert pattern for small intestinal anastomoses in horses
Authors: Seitz‐Cherner Emma , Bauck Anje G. , Denagamage Thomas , Freeman David E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare single‐layer anastomoses (modified continuous Lembert [mod‐CL] and modified‐interrupted Lembert [mod‐IL]) and a 2‐layer simple continuous anastomosis (2 L; seromuscular and mucosal) for jejunojejunal anastomoses in equine cadavers and to compare ex vivo to in vivo time to complete the anastomosis and stoma size with a mod‐IL pattern.Study designMeasurements in jejunum from cadaver and anesthetized horses.AnimalsTen live horses and 18 equine cadavers.MethodsTime to complete anastomosis, bursting pressures (BP), leakage sites, and anastomotic index (size ratio of anastomotic lumen to control lumen) were recorded. Time to completion and lumen size were compared between in vivo and ex vivo mod‐IL patterns.ResultsThe mod‐CL pattern was fastest (8.44 ± 1.30 min, p < .05), and the 2 L pattern was slower (17.07 ± 2.0 min) than the mod‐CL and mod‐IL (p < .05). The anastomotic index exceeded 100 and did not differ between patterns. Segments reached higher bursting pressures when anastomosed with mod‐IL (145.94 ± 24.18 mm Hg) than mod‐CL (p < .05). In vivo closure was approximately 8 minutes slower than ex vivo, and with a smaller anastomotic index.ConclusionsAll anastomoses increased lumen size over control segments ex vivo. Lumen size after placement of a mod‐IL was greater ex vivo than in vivo, and completion was slower in vivo than ex vivo. [Corrections added on 26 Dec 2022, after online publication: added “ex vivo” to the first line of Conclusions in the Abstract.]Clinical significanceSlower and smaller anastomoses should be anticipated in vivo compared to ex vivo results. Anastomoses with a mod‐IL pattern appear clinically advantageous, producing a comparable lumen size in less time than 2 L.
Assessing evidence of a potential Salmonella transmission across the poultry food chain
Authors: Cargnel Mickaël , Filippitzi Maria‐Eleni , Van Cauteren Dieter , Mattheus Wesley , Botteldoorn Nadine , Cambier Ludivine , Welby Sarah 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEnhanced Salmonella surveillance programmes in poultry were implemented in all European Member States, with minimum prevalence targets for a list of targeted serotypes to safeguard food and public health. Based on the Belgian Salmonella surveillance programme and focusing on poultry, the overarching aim of this study was to highlight possible Salmonella transmissions across the food chain (FC). For this purpose, firstly, the prevalence patterns of Salmonella (targeted and the most prevalent non‐targeted) serotypes along the FC were described over time. Secondly, the effectiveness of the control measures against vertical transmission (breeders to 1‐day‐old broiler and layer chicks) was indirectly assessed by looking into the odds of targeted serotypes detection. Thirdly, it was appraised if Salmonella prevalence can significantly increase during broilers and layers production. In addition, it was tested if being tested negative at the end of production in broilers when tested positive at the entrance is serotype dependent (targeted vs. non‐targeted serotypes). Results showed that, firstly, the prevalence patterns of the listed serotypes were inconstant over time and across the FC. Secondly, the odds of Salmonella targeted serotype detection in 1‐day‐old broiler and in 1‐day‐old layer flocks were lower than in breeder flocks while, thirdly, infection during broiler and layer production can lead to significant increase in positivity in subsequent samples. Finally, being infected by a targeted or by non‐targeted serotype at the entrance of the flock poorly reflects the Salmonella status at the end of production. Note that this study did not make a distinction between the different sources of contamination and the effects of sampling methods and isolation methods should be subject to further investigation.
Effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on functional capacity in individuals treated for pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review protocol
Authors: da Silva Thiago Santos , Arêas Guilherme Peixoto Tinoco , da Cruz Diná de Almeida Lopes Monteiro 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The aim of this review is to synthesize the available evidence on the effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation on the functional capacity of people who have finished drug treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis.

Introduction:
Pulmonary rehabilitation is a treatment option for physical functional problems that persist after pharmacological treatment for tuberculosis; however, the results of primary studies on the subject are inconclusive.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider for inclusion studies carried out with adults (≥18 years old) who have completed pharmacological treatment for tuberculosis. Outcomes of interest will include functional capacity, quality of life, lung function, respiratory and skeletal muscle strength, subjective perception exertion, and dyspnea.

Methods:
Searches for published and unpublished studies will be carried out on MEDLINE (via PubMed), LILACS, PEDro, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, Science Direct, Scopus, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), Sport Medicine and Education Index, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Source, and SPORTDiscus. The results of the review will be reported according to PRISMA guidelines. There will be no language or time limitations. Two independent reviewers will select and critically appraise the selected studies and extract the data using standardized instruments. The certainty of evidence will be reported according to GRADE. Where appropriate, studies will be subjected to meta-analysis. Effect sizes will be expressed in odds ratios (for dichotomous data) or in standardized mean difference (for continuous data) and its 95% CI.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42021254719.
Optimizing the Porohyperelastic Response of a Layered Compliance Matched Vascular Graft to Promote Luminal Self-Cleaning
Authors: Behrangzade Ali , Simon Bruce R. , Wagner William R. , Geest Jonathan P. Vande 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia have remained the major failure mechanisms of small-diameter vascular grafts used in bypass procedures. While most efforts to reduce thrombogenicity have used a biochemical surface modification approach, the use of local mechanical phenomena to aid in this goal has received somewhat less attention. In this work, the mechanical, fluid transport, and geometrical properties of a layered and porous vascular graft are optimized within a porohyperelastic finite element framework to maximize self-cleaning via luminal reversal fluid velocity (into the lumen). This is expected to repel platelets as well as inhibit the formation of and/or destabilize adsorbed protein layers thereby reducing thrombogenic potential. A particle swarm optimization algorithm was utilized to maximize luminal reversal fluid velocity while also compliance matching our graft to a target artery (rat aorta). The maximum achievable luminal reversal fluid velocity was approximately 246 μm/s without simultaneously optimizing for host compliance. Simultaneous optimization of reversal flow and compliance resulted in a luminal reversal fluid velocity of 59 μm/s. Results indicate that a thick highly permeable compressible inner layer and a thin low permeability incompressible outer layer promote intraluminal reversal fluid velocity. Future research is needed to determine the feasibility of fabricating such a layered and optimized graft and verify its ability to improve hemocompatibility.
Musculoskeletal Gait Simulation to Investigate Biomechanical Effect of Knee Brace
Authors: Yap Yi Ting , Gouwanda Darwin , Gopalai Alpha A. , Chong Yu Zheng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Musculoskeletal modeling and simulation have been an emerging trend in human gait analysis. It allows the user to isolate certain biomechanical conditions and elucidate the dynamics of joints and muscles. This study used an open-source musculoskeletal modeling and simulation tool, opensim to investigate the biomechanical effect of knee brace. It collected gait data from thirty-eight participants and examined the gait spatio-temporal parameters, joint angles, and joint moments. Static optimization was performed to estimate the lower extremity muscle force. Statistical analysis was conducted to identify the difference between normal and braced gaits. The results demonstrated the feasibility of this method to investigate the interaction and coordination of lower extremity joints and muscles. The knee brace constrained the range of the motion of the knee during walking. It also changed the walking speed, step length, and stance-to-swing ratio. Several significant differences were found in the joint moments and muscle forces of the rectus femoris, gastrocnemius, soleus and tibialis anterior. Musculoskeletal modeling and simulation tool offers a less invasive and practical alternative to analyze human motion. It also provides a means to investigate the effect of medical devices such as knee brace, which can be potentially beneficial for the future design and development of such devices and for the derivation of future rehabilitation treatment to improve patient's gait.
Immersion Cooling of Suspended and Coated Nano-Phosphor Particles for Extending the Limits of Optical Extraction of Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Tamdogan Enes 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
GaN LEDs are usually encapsulated with a cured phosphor-epoxy mixture for the light conversions from blue to white light. However, during this conversion, significant self-heating problems may occur due to insufficient cooling capabilities against the increasing power demand. Moreover, possible fracture and ultimate device failures were intersected with large displacements inside the LED package with these self-heating problems. Thus, including phosphor in a high brightness LED package is complex. Therefore, three coating technologies were investigated for an LED package's higher lifetime and ultimate optical output. Those are phosphor dispersed inside the liquid coolant as particles, remote phosphor-coated under the dome, and remote phosphor-coated under the dome with immersion cooling with dielectric liquid coolant. Their results were compared with the commonly used over chip coating application chosen as the baseline case in the current study. Furthermore, computational models and experimental studies were performed for proposed coating configurations. The chosen baseline case has shown higher junction temperatures, lower conversion efficiency, and undesirable color shifts at critical temperatures. As the first proposed technique, dispersed phosphor particles inside the dielectric liquid coolant have resulted with almost similar conversion efficiency but with a lower thermal enhancement on the LED junction than the baseline case. The second technique, remote phosphor system has resulted in better junction temperatures and 23% higher optical extraction than the baseline case. On the other hand, the remote phosphor with immersion cooling has shown the lowest junction temperature levels and extended the lumen extraction limits of white LEDs above 53% as the third proposed technique.
A Comparison of Wrist- Versus Hip-Worn ActiGraph Sensors for Assessing Physical Activity in Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gall Nolan , Sun Ruopeng , Smuck Matthew 
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Wrist-worn accelerometer has gained popularity recently in commercial and research use for physical activity tracking. Yet, no consensus exists for standardized wrist-worn data processing, and physical activity data derived from wrist-worn accelerometer cannot be directly compared with data derived from the historically used hip-worn accelerometer. In this work, through a systematic review, we aim to identify and analyze discrepancies between wrist-worn versus hip-worn ActiGraph accelerometers in measuring adult physical activity. Methods: A systematic review was conducted on studies involving free-living data comparison between hip- and wrist-worn ActiGraph accelerometers among adult users. We assessed the population, study protocols, data processing criteria (axis, epoch, wear-time correction, etc.), and outcome measures (step count, sedentary activity time, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, etc.). Step count and activity count discrepancy were analyzed using meta-analysis, while meta-analysis was not attempted for others due to heterogeneous data processing criteria among the studies. Results: We screened 235 studies with 19 studies qualifying for inclusion in the systematic review. Through meta-analysis, the wrist-worn sensor recorded, on average, 3,537 steps/day more than the hip-worn sensor. Regarding sedentary activity time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity estimation, the wrist sensor consistently overestimates moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time while underestimating sedentary activity time, with discrepancies ranging from a dozen minutes to several hours. Discussions: Our findings quantified the substantial discrepancies between wrist and hip sensors. It calls attention to the need for a cautious approach to interpreting data from different wear locations. These results may also serve as a reference for data comparisons among studies using different sensor locations.
Adapting the FAST-M maternal sepsis intervention for implementation in Pakistan: a qualitative exploratory study
Authors: Ahmed Sheikh Irfan , Khowaja Bakhtawar M Hanif , Barolia Rubina , Sikandar Raheel , Rind Ghulam Kubra , Khan Sehrish , Rani Raheela , Cheshire James , Dunlop Catherine Louise , Coomarasamy Arri , Sheikh Lumaan , Lissauer David 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveA maternal sepsis management bundle for resource-limited settings was developed through a synthesis of evidence and international consensus. This bundle, called ‘FAST-M’ consists of: Fluids, Antibiotics, Source control, assessment of the need to Transport/Transfer to a higher level of care and ongoing Monitoring (of the mother and neonate). The study aimed to adapt the FAST-M intervention including the bundle care tools for early identification and management of maternal sepsis in a low-resource setting of Pakistan and identify potential facilitators and barriers to its implementation.SettingThe study was conducted at the Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, which is a tertiary referral public sector hospital in Hyderabad.Design and participantsA qualitative exploratory study comprising key informant interviews and a focus group discussion was conducted with healthcare providers (HCPs) working in the study setting between November 2020 and January 2021, to ascertain the potential facilitators and barriers to the implementation of the FAST-M intervention. Interview guides were developed using the five domains of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research: intervention characteristics, outer setting, inner setting, characteristics of the individuals and process of implementation.ResultsFour overarching themes were identified, the hindering factors for implementation of the FAST-M intervention were: (1) Challenges in existing system such as a shortage of resources and lack of quality assurance; and (2) Clinical practice variation that includes lack of sepsis guidelines and documentation; the facilitating factors identified were: (3) HCPs’ perceptions about the FAST-M intervention and their positive views about its execution and (4) Development of HCPs readiness for FAST-M implementation that aided in identifying solutions to potential hindering factors at their clinical setting.ConclusionThe study has identified potential gaps and probable solutions to the implementation of the FAST-M intervention, with modifications for adaptation in the local contextTrial registration numberISRCTN17105658.