bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Talc Inhalation in Rats and Humans
Authors: Borm Paul J.A. 
Published: September 2022

Background
Current information on the health effects and toxicology of talc suggests that this may lead to a specific target organ toxicity arising from repeated exposure (STOT-RE) classification.

Objective
To provide an assessment of the currently available inhalation toxicity data on talc and to put these data in the perspective of other poorly soluble low-toxicity particles.

Methods
A database of 177 articles was gathered from different sources.

Results
Relevant animal data sets were subjected to a quality review, and epidemiological studies on talc and lung effects published since 2016 were reviewed.

Conclusions
Of nine original inhalation studies reviewed, only one study using rats and mice met the criteria that are needed to include for a reliable evaluation for STOT-RE. Together with the pulmonary effects observed in exposed talc miners, a STOT-RE 1 classification is warranted.
Association of Gender, Race, Mechanism of Injury on Alcohol Use, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Depression in Trauma
Authors: Trevino Colleen M. , Shorey Ryan C. , Bergner Carisa , Brandolino Amber , deRoon-Cassini Terri , France Christopher R. 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:
There is a paucity of literature documenting whether trauma patients with different mechanisms of injury have different rates of hazardous alcohol use and/or risk for depression and posttraumatic stress disorder.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this article is to determine whether there are associations between mechanism of injury, hazardous drinking, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Secondary objectives were to examine associations prior to and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS:
This is a retrospective cohort study of 5 years of trauma registry data of adult trauma patients (older than 18 years) admitted to a Midwestern Level I trauma center conducted from January 2016 to November 2020. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the association of gender, race, and mechanism of injury on hazardous drinking and posttraumatic stress disorder and depression.

RESULTS:
A total of 9,392 trauma patients completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test—Consumption Items to identify hazardous drinking, and 5,012 completed the Injured Trauma Survivor Screen to identify risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder and/or depression. The proportion of patients screening positive for hazardous drinking was higher for motor vehicle collisions (21.9%) than for gunshot wounds (17.6%) or falls (18.8%; χ2(2) = 14.311, p < .001). Those involved in motor vehicle collisions were also at a higher risk for the development of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (54.5%) relative to falls (33.5%) but not gunshot wounds (50.7%; χ2(2) = 200.185, p < .001). The impact of COVID-19 revealed increased hazardous drinking, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with falls and motor vehicle collisions but not gunshot wounds.

CONCLUSIONS:
Motor vehicle collision patients are at most risk for hazardous drinking concomitant with risk for depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. These results help focus future research efforts toward interventions that can reduce these risks.
“Was Definitely Different Because They Were Kids”: Caring for Patients From a School Shooting
Authors: McCall W. Travis , Anderson Joel G. , Myers Carole R. , Sagherian Knar , Bamwine Patricia 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:
Trauma nurses may experience secondary traumatic stress, compassion fatigue, and burnout as their clinical roles expose them to patients with traumatic injuries. Because traumatic events described as being most stressful for nurses involve sudden death or children and adolescents, multicasualty, school-associated shooting events are likely to be particularly stressful for nurses who care for the affected patients.

OBJECTIVE:
This research examined the psychosocial effects of caring for patients in an inpatient trauma unit following a multicasualty, school-associated shooting event.

METHODS:
This research was guided by a qualitative case series approach, a theory of secondary traumatic stress, and the compassion fatigue resilience model. Registered nurses who provided care in the trauma unit of a Level I trauma center to patients who were injured during a multicasualty, school-associated shooting event in the Southeastern United States were invited to participate.

RESULTS:
The three themes identified by this research were (a) innocence of the patients, (b) trajectories of increased emotions, and (c) processing emotional stressors. Nurses reported the benefits of peer support and provided recommendations to increase the efficacy of formal debriefing sessions.

CONCLUSIONS:
Nurses value self-care routines and peer support as coping mechanisms to foster well-being following exposure to traumatic events. Hospitals should encourage active participation in timely critical incident stress debriefings and promote the use of employee assistance services to support nursing staff after these events.
Obstructive coronary artery disease in symptomatic diabetics with zero coronary calcium score: are we missing something?
Authors: Calicchio Francesca , Manubolu Venkat Sanjay , Dahal Suraj , Kinninger April , Havistin Ruby , Lakshmanan Suvasini , Ahmad Khadije , Roy Sion K. , Budoff Matthew J. 
Published: September 2022

Background
Prevalence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in symptomatic patients with zero coronary artery calcium score (CACS) are unclear, particularly in regard to the diabetic population, which represents, per se, a subgroup at increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of CAD by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in a symptomatic diabetic cohort with zero CACS.

Methods
All consecutive symptomatic diabetics referred for CAD suspicion were included in this study. All subjects underwent a noncontrast coronary artery calcium scan followed by CCTA. CACS was quantified using the Agatston method. CAD was defined as a total plaque score (TPS) greater than zero. Obstructive and severe obstructive CAD were defined respectively as luminal stenosis >50% and >70% in at least one coronary segment.

Results
We identified 1722 symptomatic diabetics (mean age 62.5 ± 12.9 years, 62% men). One hundred and eleven subjects had zero CACS and TPS >0 (mean age was 49.5 ± 14.8, 58% women, 56% Hispanics). Sixty-five patients (58.5%) had one-vessel disease, followed by 30 (27%) with two-vessel disease and 14 (12.6%) with ≥ three-vessel disease. Obstructive CAD was found in 11 subjects and, among these, three were categorized as severe obstructive CAD.

Conclusion
In symptomatic diabetic patients with zero CACS, CAD, including obstructive disease, can still occur and is predominant in middle-aged adults, women and Hispanics. In symptomatic diabetics CCTA is a critical step for accurate risk stratification even when CACS would have placed some of these individuals in a lower-risk category.
Edward Spitzka's 1883 Textbook
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Edward Spitzka, a prominent New York–based alienist, who spent 3 years in Germany studying psychiatry, published a textbook in 1883—the same year as the first edition of Kraepelin's textbook—that contained detailed descriptions of all the seven psychiatric syndromes that formed the basis of Kraepelin's nosologic synthesis: mania, melancholia, katatonia, secondary deteriorations, hebephrenia, circular insanity, and monomania. A study of this text provides us with a “before” picture—a view of the canvas of psychiatric diagnostic categories—from which Kraepelin worked. Studying what Spitzka's diagnostic categories contain and what they are missing highlights the key steps Kraepelin took in the development of his nosologic synthesis. For example, Spitzka does not describe a commonality in symptoms or outcome in katatonia, hebephrenia, and the move severely ill delusional monomaniacs, nor did he link together mania, melancholia, and circular insanity, but instead comments on wide differences in outcome among these three syndromes.
Health System Redesign of Cardiac Monitoring Oversight to Optimize Alarm Management, Safety, and Staff Engagement
Authors: Engel Jill R. , Lindsay Mary , O'Brien Stacey , Granger Christopher B. , Moore Eric S. , Hughes Tracey , Parker Carley , Miller Corinne , Fuchs Mary Ann 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this quality improvement project was to improve health system patient safety by creating a cardiac monitoring structure aligned with national standards.

BACKGROUND
Excessive alarms pose patient safety threats and are often false or clinically insignificant. The Joint Commission identified reduction of nonactionable alarms as a National Patient Safety Goal.

METHODS
The conversion to structured monitoring occurred in 4 phases: 1) defining health system monitoring structure and processes; 2) co-create sessions; 3) implementation and impact analysis; and 4) ongoing evaluation and optimization.

RESULTS
Twenty-two clinical units participated. At the conclusion of phase 4, total 30-day alarm rates decreased by 74% at the academic hospital and by 92% and 95% at the community hospitals and were sustained for 12 months.

CONCLUSIONS
Decreasing alarm frequency can be safely achieved in academic and community hospitals by creating a system-wide monitoring infrastructure and standardized processes that engage interdisciplinary teams.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION IN PATIENTS WITH SUBACROMIAL IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED STUDY
Authors: Karaaslan Yasemin , Sahbaz Yasemin , Dogan Dildade Dilek , Ziroglu Nezih , Altun Süleyman , Mutlu Ebru Kaya 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
To compare the effects of exercise training (ET) plus neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) with ET alone on shoulder function, pain, range of motion (ROM), and muscle strength in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS).

Design
Patients were randomly divided into groups of ET (n:24) and ET + NMES (n:24). Shoulder function was evaluated with the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Questionnaire, pain level was assessed with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), ROM was measured with a goniometer, muscle strength was assessed with a handheld dynamometer baseline and at the end of treatment (week 8).

Results
In both groups, shoulder function, ROM, and muscle strength (except flexion muscle strength in the ET group) increased, while pain decreased (p < 0.05). Compared with the ET group, VAS-activity and VAS-night decreased more, and external rotation ROM and whole muscle strength increased more in the ET + NMES group (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the effect sizes were medium to large for both groups.

Conclusions
The addition of NMES treatment to ET did not improve shoulder function, which is the primary outcome, more than ET alone, but increased muscle strength and ROM (external rotation only) and decreased pain (activity-night), which are the secondary outcomes.
Performance of Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based Equations for Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimation in HIV-1-Infected Individuals Receiving Dolutegravir + Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate + Lamivudine as Initial Antiretroviral Therapy: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Yan Dongmei , Wang Zongzheng , Wang Yan , He Shenghua , Zheng Yongli , Yang Xiaojing , Guo Zhihui , Cai Lin 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Dolutegravir (DTG) may inhibit organic cation transporter-2 in renal tubules and elevate serum creatinine levels without true renal function deterioration. There are scarce data on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) equations in Chinese HIV patients with DTG/TDF/3 TC. This retrospective study was to evaluate the changes in creatinine- and cystatin C-based estimated GFR values among Chinese adult HIV patients with initial highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with DTG/TDF/3 TC for 48 weeks.

Settings:
Retrospective analysis of Chinese adult HIV patients who received initial HAART with DTG/TDF/3 TC between January 2016 and May 2021.

Methods:
We compared the changes in creatinine-based and cystatin C-based estimated GFR before and 48 weeks after HAART to determine the optimal tool for renal function estimation.

Results:
Ninety-five patients [91.58% men; median age, 34 years (interquartile range, 29–44 years)] were enrolled. The median baseline CD4+ cell count was 185 cells/µL [interquartile range, 53–303 cells/µL] and the median baseline viral load was 148,000 copies/mL [interquartile range, 26,800–596,000 copies/mL]. The estimated GFR at 4, 12, and 24 weeks was significantly different than at baseline (P < 0.05) using all 4 equations. Only the GFR estimated using the CKD-EPIcreat and CKD-EPIcys equations was significantly different at 48 weeks of treatment (P < 0.05). The modification of diet in renal disease-based decline of GFR incidence at 4, 12, 24, and 48 weeks of treatment (21.5%, 24.21%, 33.68% and 38.95%, respectively) was higher than that calculated using the other 3 GFR equations.

Conclusions:
The modification of diet in renal disease equation may not be optimal for Chinese HIV-1-infected adults receiving DTG + TDF + 3 TC as the initial antiviral therapy. Clinicians must carefully choose the GFR equation for patients with HIV/hepatitis B virus coinfection.
Photon-Counting Detector CT With Quantum Iterative Reconstruction
Authors: Racine Damien , Mergen Victor , Viry Anaïs , Eberhard Matthias , Becce Fabio , Rotzinger David C. , Alkadhi Hatem , Euler André 
Published: September 2022

Objectives
To assess image noise, diagnostic performance, and potential for radiation dose reduction of photon-counting detector (PCD) computed tomography (CT) with quantum iterative reconstruction (QIR) in the detection of hypoattenuating and hyperattenuating focal liver lesions compared with energy-integrating detector (EID) CT.

Materials and Methods
A medium-sized anthropomorphic abdominal phantom with liver parenchyma and lesions (diameter, 5–10 mm; hypoattenuating and hyperattenuating from −30 HU to +90 HU at 120 kVp) was used. The phantom was imaged on (a) a third-generation dual-source EID-CT (SOMATOM Force, Siemens Healthineers) in the dual-energy mode at 100 and 150 kVp with tin filtration and (b) a clinical dual-source PCD-CT at 120 kVp (NAEOTOM Alpha, Siemens). Scans were repeated 10 times for each of 3 different radiation doses of 5, 2.5, and 1.25 mGy. Datasets were reconstructed as virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) at 60 keV for both scanners and as linear-blended images (LBIs) for EID-CT. For PCD-CT, VMIs were reconstructed with different strength levels of QIR (QIR 1–4) and without QIR (QIR-off). For EID-CT, VMIs and LBIs were reconstructed using advanced modeled iterative reconstruction at a strength level of 3. Noise power spectrum was measured to compare image noise magnitude and texture. A channelized Hotelling model observer was used to assess diagnostic accuracy for lesion detection. The potential for radiation dose reduction using PCD-CT was estimated for the QIR strength level with the highest area under the curve compared with EID-CT for each radiation dose.

Results
Image noise decreased with increasing QIR level at all radiation doses. Using QIR-4, noise reduction was 41%, 45%, and 59% compared with EID-CT VMIs and 12%, 18%, and 33% compared with EID-CT LBIs at 5, 2.5, and 1.25 mGy, respectively. The peak spatial frequency shifted slightly to lower frequencies at higher QIR levels. Lesion detection accuracy increased at higher QIR levels and was higher for PCD-CT compared with EID-CT VMIs. The improvement in detection with PCD-CT was strongest at the lowest radiation dose, with an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.917 for QIR-4 versus 0.677 for EID-CT VMIs for hyperattenuating lesions, and 0.900 for QIR-4 versus 0.726 for EID-CT VMIs for hypoattenuating lesions. Compared with EID-CT LBIs, detection was higher for QIR 1–4 at 2.5 mGy and for QIR 2–4 at 1.25 mGy (eg, 0.900 for QIR-4 compared with 0.854 for EID-CT LBIs at 1.25 mGy). Radiation dose reduction potential of PCD-CT with QIR-4 was 54% at 5 mGy compared with VMIs and 39% at 2.5 mGy compared with LBIs.

Conclusions
Compared with EID-CT, PCD-CT with QIR substantially improved focal liver lesion detection, especially at low radiation dose. This enables substantial radiation dose reduction while maintaining diagnostic accuracy.
Evidence for Anti-inflammatory Effects of Adalimumab in Treatment of Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: A Pilot, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Abbasian Fatemeh , Bagheri Sayna , Moradi Kamyar , Keykhaei Mohammad , Etemadi Ali , Shalbafan Mohammadreza , Shariati Behnam , Vaseghi Salar , Samsami Farhane-Sadat , Akhondzadeh Shahin 
Published: September 2022

Background
Literature has suggested that major depressive disorder (MDD) is accompanied by higher concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers, which could sabotage response to conventional treatments.

Aims
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adalimumab adjunct to sertraline in adults with MDD and increased levels of systemic inflammation.

Methods
In a 6-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 36 patients with MDD and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ≥3 mg/L were equally assigned to receive sertraline plus either adalimumab or placebo. Participants were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) at baseline, week 3, and week 6. Moreover, serum concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers were measured at baseline and trial end point. Finally, patients were assessed for any adverse event during the trial.

Results
Fifteen patients in each group completed the trial course. All baseline characteristics of participants were similar between the groups. Adalimumab adjunct to sertraline resulted in a greater improvement in HAM-D score compared with placebo over the trial period (P < 0.001). Participants receiving adalimumab significantly experienced greater response to treatment (≥50% reduction in the HAM-D score) than those receiving placebo (P = 0.042). Furthermore, after 6 weeks of adalimumab combination therapy with sertraline, inflammatory biomarkers significantly decreased (P ≤ 0.001), whereas no significant alteration was found in the placebo group. No serious adverse event was documented in the treatment arms.

Conclusions
Adalimumab adjunctive therapy remarkably improves depressive symptoms of patients with MDD. Further investigations with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are required to confirm the findings.
A Case of Priapism in a Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Possibly Due to Risperidone Treatment With Addition of Atomoxetine
Authors: Bulut Ömer Faruk , Tanir Yaşar 
Published: September 2022

Objectives
Risperidone is an effective drug used for the treatment of irritability in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Atomoxetine (ATX) is a well-tolerated drug used in first-line therapy in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, uncommon adverse effects of risperidone and ATX are a concern among mental health professionals. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of priapism after addition of ATX upon existing treatment with risperidone.

Methods
Written informed consent for publication was obtained from the patient and his parents, and their identities were concealed for ethical reasons.

Results
Here, we report a case of priapism as an adverse effect of ATX and risperidone treatment in a 7-year-old boy with ASD and comorbid ADHD. In this case, priapism was not observed with risperidone until ATX was added.

Conclusions
Priapism is a condition viewed as a medical emergency. Although risperidone-induced priapism is a rare phenomenon, it is advised for clinicians to consider the drug interactions in treatment of ASD and ADHD in terms of early diagnosis and intervention.
A widely-used pollutant causes reversal of conspecific mate preference in a freshwater fish
Authors: Powell Daniel L. , Rose Aaron D. , Rosenthal Gil G. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTChemical communication is an important mechanism of mate choice across the animal tree of life. However, anthropogenic perturbation of the signaling environment can disrupt chemical communication and result in a breakdown of behavioral reproductive isolation. Here we find that calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), a common and deliberately introduced anthropogenic pollutant, profoundly disrupts chemical communication in the swordtail fish Xiphophorus birchmanni. Moreover, it acts in a way that should promote hybridization, causing female X. birchmanni to prefer the chemical cues of the parapatric sister species X. malinche. We find that this flip in the direction of preference is attributable both to a reduced preference for conspecific signals and to a coupled strengthening of preference for sister-species signals.
Literature-based predictions of treatments for genetic disease pathology
Authors: Deisseroth Cole A. , Lee Won-Seok , Kim Ji-Yoen , Jeong Hyun-Hwan , Wang Julia , Zoghbi Huda Y. , Liu Zhandong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIdentifying genetic modifiers of disease-causing genes can guide drug discovery for treatment of genetic disorders, but selecting promising drugs to test requires extensive and up-to-date knowledge of drug-gene and gene-gene relationships. To address this challenge, we present PARsing ModifiErS via Abstract aNnotations (PARMESAN), a computational tool that searches PubMed for information on these relationships, and assembles them into one knowledgebase. PARMESAN then hypothesizes on undiscovered drug-gene relationships, assigning an evidence-based score to each hypothesis. We compare PARMESAN’s drug-gene hypotheses to all of the drug-gene relationships displayed by DrugBank, and see a strong correlation between the prediction score and the predictive accuracy—such that predictions scoring above 10 are 11 times more likely to be correct than incorrect. This publicly available tool provides an automated way to prioritize drug screens to target the most-promising drugs to test, thereby saving time and resources in the development of therapeutics for genetic disorders.