bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Certain Environmental Factors on Cambium Temperatures of Peach Trees1
Authors: Jensen R. E. , Savage E. F. , Hayden R. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
These studies on the effect of climatic environment on cambium temperatures are indicative of why so much cold injury occurs in the Southeast. High cambium temperatures occurring in late winter as the result of solar radiation impinging on the bark of the trunk caused a loss of hardiness after the rest period had been broken. When these high daytime temperatures were followed by a rapid rate of fall to freezing temperatures at night, severe injury often resulted, which contributed greatly to shortening the life of peach trees. In addition, wind produced local cooling of the cambium tissue and, at critical air temperatures in late winter and early spring, was capable of causing severe cold damage. Trunk insulators modified the microclimate around the tree to the extent of preventing the extremes that made the trees less hardy and more subject to low temperature injury. Trunk cambium temperature appeared to be a sensitive indicator of tree vitality during growth. Trees with low vitality had higher cambium temperature than trees in good condition.
Apricot Fruit Growth and Abscission as Affected by Maleic Hydrazide-Induced Seed Abortion1
Authors: Crane Julian C. , Nelson M. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hastened fruit maturation following MH application to apricot trees was found to be associated with MH-induced seed abortion. The time and degree to which premature abscission of seedless fruits occurred was related to time of resumption of shoot growth and to crop load. Fruits in which the seeds aborted early in the season grew like those containing seeds when competition between their growth and vegetative growth was reduced to a minimum.
Differential Response to Ethylene in Respiration and Ripening of Immature ‘Anjou’ Pears1
Authors: Wang C. Y. , Hansen E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Treatment with 500 ppm ethylene for 24 hr or with 4000 ppm Ethrel (2-chloro-ethanephosphonic acid) dip for 30 sec resulted in ‘Anjou’ pears attaining full ripeness without a concomitant change in respiratory activity. A decrease in flesh firmness and increases in protein nitrogen and soluble pectin occurred, even though the fruit remained in the preclimacteric condition. This was shown by a positive response in rate of respiration to ethylene at the fully ripe stage. Continuous, 48- and 24-hr treatments resulted in comparable rates of ripening. However, while the continuous and 48-hr treatments induced the climacteric rise in respiration, the 24-hr exposure failed to do so. The effect of ethylene on respiration is independent from its effect on the initiation of ripening; a respiratory response probably requires a higher concentration or longer exposure to ethylene than does a ripening response.
Phenotypic, Genotypic, and Environmental Correlations in Sweet Potatoes1
Authors: Jones Alfred 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Estimates of phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlations of 21 sweetpotato traits indicated no serious impediments to selection for improved horticultural types through mass selection techniques. Some secondary traits were genetically correlated with traits of primary economic importance, a factor which suggests that their use in selection indices may be profitable in sweetpotato improvement programs.
Stomate Density in Relation to Winter Hardiness of Ilex opaca Ait.1
Authors: Knecht G. N. , Orton E. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Stomate density was determined for 11 cultivars of Ilex opaca which had been subjectively ranked for winter hardiness as either very hardy, hardy, semi-hardy, or not hardy on the basis of field observations recorded over a 5-year period. Variance analysis revealed that the number of stomates for the cultivars rated very hardy was significantly lower than that of the cultivars rated not hardy. Stomate counts for the cultivars in the intermediate hardiness classes all fell within the range delimited by the counts of the very hardy and not hardy cultivars.
The Effect of Alar on Permeability, a Possible Explanation for its Mode of Translocation1,3
Authors: Undurraga Manuel J. , Ryugo Kay 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Autoradiographs of girdled and non-girdled almond seedlings treated with 14C-Alar revealed that the growth retardant moved readily from the phloem to the xylem. Autoradiographs of comparable seedlings treated with 14C-sucrose, with and without Alar pretreatment, showed that Alar induced greater leakage of radioactive material from the symplast to the apoplast indicating that the material lowered membrane integrity. This effect of Alar on cytoplasmic permeability was examined by immersing dormant stems, leaf discs, and beet root tissue in solutions of Alar and water. In all tissues, the compound induced greater leakage of cellular contents than water, which is attributed to the ability of Alar to depress utilization of respiratory energy necessary for the retention of solutes in the vacuole.
Distribution and Separation of Some Proteins From the Bean Plant1
Authors: Hall T. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Electrophoretic separation on acrylamide gels of soluble protein from 10 parts of Phaseolus vulgaris, L. cv. ‘Tendergreen’, yielded a characteristic pattern for each, although many bands were of common occurrence. Several enzyme systems, including acid phosphatase, amylase, esterase and peroxidase also showed a similar distribution for some bands, but also differences in number and activity for others. Comparison of mature seed proteins of seven cultivars showed no differences in total protein distribution, but did show differences in esterase isoenzymes.
Growth and Maturation of Fig Fruits Stimulated by 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid1
Authors: Crane Julian C. , Marei Nasr , Nelson M. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fig fruits treated with 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (Ethrel)2 during Period I (initial rapid growth) ceased growth and abscissed. Treatment during Period II (slow growth) stimulated growth and maturation, but quality equal to that of later maturing control fruits was not attained unless the fruits were treated late in Period II. Although Ethrel-treated fruits matured from two to more than three weeks earlier than control fruits, their ultimate average diameter, fresh and dry weights were not significantly different from the control.
Carbohydrates and Fruiting of ‘Valencia’ Orange Trees1,2
Authors: Jones W. W. , Embleton T. W. , Steinacker M. L. , Cree C. B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Carbohydrate (CHO) accumulation in ‘Valencia’ orange leaves, sampled in February, was inversely related to the fruit load on the tree at the time of sampling but directly related to the amount of fruit produced from the flowering which followed the time of leaf sample. Late harvest reduced fruit production in the following year but did not significantly alter CHO accumulation.
Flowering in Crabapple Seedlings: Methods of Shortening the Juvenile Phase1
Authors: Zimmerman Richard H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The change from juvenile to adult phase of seedlings of tea crabapple [(Malus hupenhensis (Pamp.) Rehd.)] is influenced by 2 factors, the height and the age of the plants. Seedlings grown continuously in the greenhouse are unbranched and undergo phase change from juvenile to adult in 7 to 10 months at a height of approximately 2 m. Trees can be in bloom within 1 year from the time of seed germination. In contrast, seedlings grown periodically in the greenhouse or in the field are branched and produce more shoot growth but are shorter and take longer to flower. Greenhouse-grown seedlings can be brought into flower by chilling for 6 weeks or more, by withholding water until the leaves drop, or by treating the buds with cytokinins and gibberellins. Young seedlings cannot be stimulated to flower by grafting onto older seedlings although older seedlings will continue to form flower buds after grafting onto young seedlings still in the juvenile phase.
Defoliation of Shade Trees Correlated with Annual Growth and Soil Fertility1
Authors: Kahler Alan , Sherwood Charles 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Thirty-five pairs of shade trees were studied to determine the relation of premature senescence and resulting early defoliation to annual growth and conditions in the upper soil about the tree. The late defoliating trees experienced more radial and linear growth over the preceding five-year period. Regression analysis of radial on linear growth within each tree group revealed near linear to linear relationships for the late defoliating trees but nonlinear relationships for the early defoliating trees. Early defoliators had higher levels of N, P, and Ca in the soil about the tree at three soil depths tested. Significant positive correlations occurred between the levels of soluble salts, N, and P; between Ca, P, and N; and between K and radial growth in the early defoliators. Significant negative correlations occurred between levels of Ca and radial and linear growth. For the late defoliators, significant positive relationships were found for levels of soluble salts, N, and Ca and between radial and linear growth, with significant negative relationships between levels of P and Ca, and between N and linear growth.
Effects of NPK Fertilizers on the Growth and Composition of Vines in a Young Cranberry Bog1
Authors: Eaton G. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A factorial experiment, in which a young commercial cranberry planting (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. cv. Ben Lear) was treated with all possible combinations of four levels of N, three levels of P, and three levels of K, was carried out during 1966, 1967, 1968. Vine response, fruit yields, foliar pigments, and tissue mineral composition were assessed.
Vine growth was increased in 1967 by the application of P and K and 1968 by N and P. N at the highest application significantly reduced fruit yields in 1968. The higher rates of N significantly increased green pigments and decreased red pigments in the foliage. Applications of P also decreased red foliar pigments.
Tissue N and P were significantly increased with application of these elements. Foliar K was increased in 1967 by the application of N or P. The joint application of N and K also increased tissue K content. Tissue Ca was decreased by the highest rate of N application. Applied K generally reduced tissue Mg compared to the control. In all three years, foliar Mn significantly decreased with increasing levels of applied N.
Effect of N, P, and K Fertilizer Applications on Cranberry Leaf Nutrient Composition, Fruit Color and Yield in a Mature Bog1
Authors: Eaton G. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Three levels of N, P, and K in all possible combinations were applied to bearing cranberry plots (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait, cv. McFarlin) in the field. Fruit quality (color, size and soluble solids), yield, and plant tissue mineral composition were measured.
Increased tissue N, P, and K resulted from increased applications of the respective elements. These plant nutrients were also significantly correlated with one another. Applied N increased yield, yellowness, lightness, and decreased redness of the fruit. Tissue P was positively associated with fruit yields, yellowness, and lightness, but negatively with fruit redness. The effects of both N and P were modified by K applications.
Tissue mineral levels were generally greater in 1967 than in 1966, except for Mg which decreased and P which did not change.
Genetic Modifications of Sweet Corn Quality1
Authors: Wann E. V. , Brown G. B. , Hills W. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Carbohydrate analyses were made at harvest and after 7 days of postharvest storage at 65°F on sweet corn hybrid cultivars with endosperm mutant genotypes ae wx, ae du wx, and sh2 and of standard sweet corn (su1). Cultivars with the mutant genotypes contained from 1.5 to 2.0 times as much total sugar at harvest as the standard. They also lost more total sugar during the post-harvest period. Still, the hybrids with ae du wx and sh2 genotypes contained significantly more sugars than the standard after the 7-day storage treatment. The mutant cultivars were low in water soluble polysaccharides but relatively high in starch. All cultivars had approximately the same amount of total carbohydrate. Moisture loss from the kernels during the storage period was significantly less in the mutant cultivars. Therefore, they maintained their fresh appearance longer, and they were slower than standard sweet corn to show kernel denting. Taste tests indicated a preference for the sweetness of the ae wx and ae du wx genotypes over the standard cultivars Golden Security and ‘Iobelle’ (Florida 104), but they were rated below the standards for pericarp toughness. These studies indicated that, with further refinement of certain horticultural and quality characteristics, the ae wx, ae du wx, and sh2 endosperm mutant genotypes have a definite potential for improving the initial quality and the ability for maintaining good quality during normal post-harvest handling of fresh sweet corn.
Genetic and Maturity Effects on Chlorophylls and Carotenoids in Wax Beans1
Authors: Dickson M. H. , Shannon S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
An analytic procedure using spectrophotometry permitted quantitative estimation of chlorophyll and carotenoids in wax beans. Crosses studied demonstrate a wide range for chlorophyll and carotenoid content, with heritability of about .60 for both pigments. Seed chlorophyll was correlated (r=.54) with pod chlorophyll! content in large pods. The results show it is just as important to select for carotenoid content as for early degradation of the chlorophyll in wax beans.
Protein and Nonprotein Amino Acids in Citrus Leaves as Affected by Sample Preparation and Species Differences1
Authors: Labanauskas C. K. , Handy M. F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Samples were taken from grapefruit Citrus paradise Macf. cv. Marsh, Valencia orange Citrus sinenesis L. Osbeck, and lemon Citrus limetta, ‘Risso’ trees growing in the field in the Citrus Research Center, Riverside, California. Quantitation of 17 protein and 18 nonprotein amino acids of citrus leaves were evaluated for comparative effects of sample drying-methods on the 3 citrus species.
Freeze-dried leaves contained significantly higher amounts of nonprotein, and lower amounts of protein amino acids, than the analogous leaves that were oven-dried. This indicates that citrus leaves must be enzymatically deactivated immediately after sampling and kept in a frozen condition in preparation for analysis. Otherwise, accurate assessment of amino acids in the leaves at sampling would not be obtained.
Grapefruit and ‘Valencia’ orange leaves contained higher concentrations of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, lysine, and arginine than of other protein amino acids. Lemon leaves contained more substantial amounts of glutamic acid, arginine, aspartic acid, leucine, and glycine.
The nonprotein amino acids proline, serine, alanine, and aspartic acid were found in more substantive amounts in grapefruit and ‘Valencia’ orange leaves, 77 and 69 percent, respectively, of the sum of nonprotein amino acids determined. In lemon leaves, proline, arginine, lysine, serine, and alanine were found to be more concentrated. These 5 nonprotein amino acids constituted 79% of the total of those determined. Proportionally, lemon leaves contained a larger fraction of nonprotein amino acids than grapefruit or ‘Valencia’ orange leaves.
Simulation of diffuse source polluted water environment based on MIKE21: A case study of the urban section of the Bai river
Authors: Zhang Xianqi , Wu Xilong , Zhu Guoyu , Wang Tao , Chen Haiyang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Affected by urban construction and industrial discharge, the diffuse source pollution of river water environment in urban sections is becoming more and more serious. The use of numerical models can accurately and efficiently simulate the process of diffuse source pollution and analyze its evolution. Based on MIKE21, the urban river water environment model of the Bai river is constructed. After parameter calibration, it is proved that the model has high accuracy. Based on the discharge of this river section in 2018, the river diffuse source pollution is simulated under three hydrological conditions, and the BP neural network is used to simulate the river diffuse source pollution. Network assessment of water quality in dry years. The results showed that the four water quality indicators showed the spatial distribution characteristics of upstream&gt;urban section&gt;downstream, and the river water quality in the year showed the temporal distribution characteristics of flood season better than a non-flood season. The mean value of the coefficient of certainty R2 reaches 0.94 when comparing the simulated and measured values, which indicates that the model has high applicability and satisfactory fit. If the water quality of the water year does not meet the standard, the diffuse source pollution discharge should be reduced from May to October. This study can provide reference and guidance for urban river diffuse source pollution control.
Circ_0006789 Promotes the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Cells via Modulating miR-1324 and SOX12
Authors: Cai Yu , Jia Yuanyuan , Yan Pu , Chang Xiaowei , Li Wujun , Cai Bin 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) exert an important regulatory effect on cancer
progression. Reportedly, circRNAs can modulate gene expression by working as molecular sponges
for miRNAs. Nonetheless, many functional circRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain to
be identified. This study aimed to explore the role of hsa_circ_0006789 (circ_0006789) in HCC.

Methods:
The expression profile of circRNAs in HCC tumor tissues was analyzed using circRNA
microarray data. Circ_0006789 expression in HCC tissues and cell lines was examined by qPCR.
After circ_0006789 was overexpressed or knocked down in HCC cell lines, HCC cell growth,
migration and invasion were evaluated by the CCK-8 method and Transwell experiment. RIP assay,
RNA pull-down assay, dual-luciferase reporter experiment and Western blotting were adopted to
investigate the regulatory mechanism among circ_0006789, microRNA (miR)-1324 and SRY (sex
determining region Y)-box 12 (SOX12).

Results:
Circ_0006789 was overexpressed in HCC tissues and cell lines. Circ_0006789
overexpression accelerated the growth, migration and invasion of HCC cells, while knockdown of
circ_0006789 exerted the opposite effects. miR-1324 was confirmed as a target of circ_0006789,
and miR-1324 targeted SOX12 to suppress its expression. Circ_0006789 could promote SOX12
expression by sponging miR-1324.

Conclusion:
Circ_0006789 modulates the growth, migration and invasion of HCC cells by
regulating miR-1324/SOX12 axis.
Physiological Properties, Functions, and Trends in the Matrix Metalloproteinase
Inhibitors in Inflammation-Mediated Human Diseases
Authors: Kim Il-Sup , Yang Woong-Suk , Kim Cheorl-Ho 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Zn2+-containing endo-type peptidases directly degrade and remodel the ECM region in the progression of various diseases. MMPs are frequently found in abnormal disease status of inflammatory responses, periodontal lesion, inflammatory pulmonary lesion, arteriosclerotic smooth muscles, arthritis, and tumor metastasis and invasion. They are also known to participate in aging processes—such as wrinkle formation—by destroying collagen in the dermis. In particular, the onset of diseases via the MMP-dependent inflammatory response is caused by the breakdown of proteins in the ECM and the basement membranous region, which are the supporting structures of cells.

Methods:
This review describes the developments in the research examining the general and selective inhibitors for MMP associated with various human diseases over the past 20 years in terms of structure remodeling, substrate-recognizing specificities, and pharmacological applicability.

Results:
Among two similar types of MMPs, MMP-2 is known as gelatinase-A with a 72 kDa, while MMP-9 is termed as gelatinase-B with a 92 kDa. Both of these play a key role in this action. Therefore, both enzymatic expression levels coincide during the onset and progression of diseases. Endogenous tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are highly specific for each MMP inhibitor type. The intrinsic factors regulate various MMP types by inhibiting the onset of various diseases mediated by MMP-dependent or independent inflammatory responses. The MMP-9 and MMP-2 enzyme activity related to the prognosis of diseases associated with the inflammatory response are selectively inhibited by TIMP1 and TIMP2, respectively. The major pathogenesis of MMP-mediated diseases is related to the proliferation of inflammatory cells in various human tissues, which indicates their potential to diagnose or treat these diseases. The discovery of a substance that inhibits MMPs would be very important for preventing and treating various MMP-dependent diseases.

Conclusion:
Considerable research has examined MMP inhibitors, but most of these have been synthetic compounds. Research using natural products as MMP inhibitors has only recently become a subject of interest. This review intends to discuss recent research trends regarding the physiological properties, functions, and therapeutic agents related to MMPs.
Detection of Acute Optic Neuritis using Contrast-Enhanced 3-Dimensional
Cube T1-Weighted Imaging: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Yang Renjie , Qu Bing , Liu Weiyin Vivian , Liu Changsheng , Chen Ting , Li Liang , Zha Yunfei 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
We aimed to assess whole-brain imaging with contrast-enhanced (CE) 3-
dimensional (3D) Cube T1WI in improving the diagnostic accuracy of acute optic neuritis (ON)
compared to conventional CE 2-dimensional (2D) T1WI.

Methods:
At a field strength of 3 T, CE 3D Cube T1-weighted and conventional CE 2D T1-
weighted MR images were retrospectively analyzed for 32 patients (64 optic nerves) with clinically
confirmed acute ON. The study cohort included 36 pathological nerves. Image assessments including
the overall image quality, clarity of the optic nerve, and visual contrast enhancement were performed
by two blinded neuroradiologists using a 4-point scale. The sensitivity, specificity, and
accuracy of the conventional 2D T1WI and 3D Cube T1WI were calculated according to the clinical
diagnosis.

Results:
The application of 3D Cube T1WI improved the overall image quality compared to 2D
Ax T1WI and 2D Cor T1WI (P < 0.05). The clarity of the optic nerve and the visual contrast enhancement
were higher for the 3D Cube T1WI compared to the 2D Ax T1WI and 2D Cor T1WI
for at least one reader. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 89%, 86%, 88% for the 3D
Cube T1WI respectively, and 75%, 79%, 77% for the conventional 2D T1WI respectively. The
lesions detected by the conventional 2D T1WI were all detected by the 3D Cube T1WI.

Conclusion:
Our data show that whole-brain imaging with CE 3D Cube T1WI is a viable alternative
for the detection of acute ON without sacrificing scanning efficiency.