bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of 3D Filaments, Used in Additive Manufacturing of Biomedical Tools; Using Fuzzy Promethee.
Authors: Duwa Basil , Onakpojeruo Efe Precious , Uzun Berna , Ozsahin Ilker , Ozsahin Dilber Uzun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The additive manufacturing technique is currently revolutionizing the healthcare industry. This technology utilizes modern approaches to develop advanced medical equipment and artificial body tissues. The 3D filament is regarded as one of the major components of the 3D printing technique. These filaments have peculiar characters to print different objects. Similarly, hospital and biomedical tools, such as syringes, catheters, insulin pens, and surgical gloves, for instance, are produced using non-biodegradable plastics, which could be toxic and unsafe to the environment. Therefore, there is a need to produce these biomedical tools using safe and environmentally friendly filaments. Therefore, this study evaluates and compares the major 3D filaments used in Fused deposition modeling, using a multi-criteria decision-making technique called the fuzzy preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE). The variables were evaluated based on parameters such as strength, warp, flexibility, heat resistance, biodegradability, average cost, resistance to UV, food safety, print temperature, speed, and ease of print. The result recorded PLA with a net flow of 0.0316 as the preferred and extensively used 3D printing filaments in additive manufacturing of biomedical tools based on applied parameters/set preference, selected criteria, and important weights allocated to the selected criteria. PC is second with a net flow of 0.0069. In contrast, TPE ranked least with a negative net flow result of -0.0327.
CNTNAP2 Associated Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Intellectual Disability and Epilepsy comorbidity in Pakistani population.
Authors: MUDASSIR BEHJAT UL 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
• Background:
The genetics of neurodevelopmental disorders is partially investigated due to the multiple additive risk factors found to be involved. Emergence of individual genes implicated across multiple diseases suggests that they might share similar underlying driving pathways. The CNTNAP2 gene is an excellent presentation, that has been found in a variety of phenotypes. The role of CNTNAP2 is implicated in a vast number of neural and genetic networks of neurodevelopment which leads to the understanding of regulation and function of this gene. The diverse roles of CNTNAP2 can enhance our understanding of how combinations of individual genetic risk factors can contribute to the complexity of neurodevelopmental disorders.
• Methods:
The present study aims to investigate the role of CNTNAP2 polymorphism as a risk factor for comorbidity of Intellectual Disability and epilepsy in Pakistani population. 170 patients and 175 healthy controls took part in this study from different areas of Pakistan. Genotyping using Tetra-primer ARMS PCR technique was conducted to investigate the association between rs147815978 (G/T) and rs2710102 (A/G) of CNTNAP2 gene and intellectual disability and epilepsy co-occurrence in patients of different age groups.
• Results:
The genotyping data was analysed to trace the effect of CNTNAP2 polymorphism on the comorbidity of ID and EPI diseases in study participants. Probability values less than 0.05 were considered significant for the association of CNTNAP2 rs147815978 and rs2710102. Results suggested a probable role of CNTNAP2 gene polymorphism predisposition to comorbidity of neurodevelopmental disorders in Pakistani population.
• Conclusion:
CNTNAP2 polymorphisms have a significant role in co-occurrence of NDDs due to the underlying shared molecular mechanisms causing neurodevelopment.
• Trial Registration:
Not Applicable for this study. Ethical approval from Ethical Review Committee of Department of Biosciences, Comsats University Islamabad campus was obtained prior to conduction of all procedures.
Following the COVID19 playbook and battling another infodemic: Conspiracy beliefs around human Monkeypox among the Lebanese population
Authors: Youssef Dalal , Abboud Edmond , Bleibel Lea 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction:
The non-endemic multicountry outbreak of monkeypox (MPX) has emphasized the issue of conspiracy theories that go viral in times of societal crisis. Now, it is the turn of MPX to join COVID19 in the conspiracy theory realm. Social media outlets were flooded by a scourge of misinformation as soon as MPX cases began to appear with an evident cross-pollination between diverse conspiracy theories. Given the adverse consequences of conspiracy beliefs, this study aimed to assess the extent of endorsement of MPX conspiracy beliefs among the Lebanese population and to identify its associated factors.
Methods
Using a convenience sampling technique, a web-based cross-sectional was conducted among Lebanese adults. Data was collected using an Arabic self-reported questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify the factors associated with the MPX conspiracy beliefs scale.
Results
Conspiracy beliefs regarding emerging viruses including MPX were detected among 59.1% of Lebanese adults. Participants endorsed particularly the conspiracy theories linking the virus to a deliberate attempt to reduce the size of the global population (59.6%), gain political control (56.6%) or pharmaceutical companies' financial gain (39.3%), in addition to the manmade origin of MPX (47.5%). Remarkably, the majority of surveyed adults exhibited a negative attitude toward the government's preparedness for a potential MPX outbreak. However, a positive attitude was revealed toward the effectiveness of precautionary measures (69.6%). Female participants and those having a good health status were less likely to exhibit a higher level of conspiracy beliefs. On the contrary, divorced or widowed adults, those having a low economic situation, poor knowledge level, and negative attitude either toward the government or precautionary measures were more prone to disclose a higher level of conspiracy beliefs. Notably, participants relying on social media to get information about MPX were also more likely to have a higher level of conspiracy beliefs compared to their counterparts.
Conclusion
The widespread extent of conspiracy beliefs endorsement regarding MPX among the Lebanese population urged the policymakers to find ways to reduce people’s reliance on these theories. Future studies exploring the harmful impacts of conspiracy beliefs on health behaviors are recommended.
Atkinson, a Rootknot and Fusarium Wilt Resistant Tomato Variety of the Rutgers Class
Authors: Greenleaf Walter H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Atkinson’, a rootknot nematode and Fusarium wilt resistant tomato variety, probably the first of the Rutgers class to bs released to the public, was named in honor of George F. Atkinson who first described the life cycle of the rootknot nematode at Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Auburn University) in 1889 (1).
Frozen Storage of Watermelon Tissue1
Authors: Woolsey Mary E. , Tinklin Gwendolyn L. , Hall Charles V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Watermelon tissue was frozen in an effort to obtain an edible and acceptable product when defrosted. Crimson Sweet, Charleston Gray and Shipper varieties, field grown in the area of Manhattan, Kansas, were harvested and held at 2°C for one to three days before being processed for freezing. A completely randomized block design, with eight replications, was used to process samples and to evaluate data. Balls of Us inch diameter were cut, avoiding seeds as much as possible. Ten balls per polyethylene bag were packaged in a single layer to allow for even defrosting. After freezing 24 hrs, the packages were stored at -1 5 (±5)°C until evaluated. Evaluation occurred prior to freezing and after 10 days, 6 and 12 weeks of frozen storage. Packages were defrosted at 20°C for 90 minutes.
A Spinning Device Used in Measuring the Skin Color of Apples
Authors: Rogers Ewell A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An objective method of measuring the amount of red color in the skin of apples is an advantage over the subjective methods (1). Tristimulus colorimetry is well established as an objective method of measuring color in agricultural products (2,3,4). Attachments used with the Hunter Color and Color Difference Meters in the past for apple skin color measurements were those in which the apples turned at approximately 200 rpm in a stationarv position over the Hunter Meter (1). The meter is adjusted to the rotating apple by moving the Hunter Meter up and down. In Figure I is a device in which the rotating apple is moved up and down for the adjustment instead of the Gardner Color Difference Meter. The attachment consists of two shafts to rotate an apple over the exposure head of the measuring instrument. The right hand shaft operates against a thrust bearing and can be moved to the light to allow the apple to be placed between two rubber suction cups. A pin, through the shaft, holding a spring against the thrust bearing, can be positioned to van7 the pressure which keeps the apple in place. A Sunbeam Master Mixer switch can be adjusted so that the apple turns at approximately 200 rpm. The master mixer and its attachments are moved up and down on a shaft. This shaft is attached to a stand which is separate from the meter stand. The spinning device stand consists of a base plate and veitical pipe. The vertical pipe is so constructed that it can be adjusted for height. Since the distance between the rotating apple and the exposure head is critical, one must be able to adjust the apple so that it just clears the exposure.
A Procedure for the Measurement of Carbon Dioxide Evolution from Individual Fruits over Brief Time Intervals12
Authors: Scott L. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A procedure is given for measurement of carbon dioxide evolution from individual fruits during brief time intervals, by utilizing the change in optical density of a bromthymol blue-sodium bicarbonate solution exposed to varying CO2 atmospheres. The method permits the accurate estimation of CO2 evolution during a five-minute period from a single 100 g fruit respiring at the rate of less than 5 ml CO2/kg/hr. Although the system is “static,” build-up of CO2 concentrations surrounding the respiring fruit held to less than 1%.
Light in Relation to Seed Germination of Blueberries, Strawberries, and Rubus
Authors: Scott D. H. , Draper A. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Irregular germination and delayed emergence of blueberry, strawberry, blackberry and raspberry seedlings have been noted by various investigators. Seed treatments such as afterripening (1) and acid scarification of strawberry seed (2) improved rapidity of germination, but neither treatment fully overcame the delay in seed germination. In a study with blueberry seed, after-ripening did not improve germination (2). Sporadic germination and delayed emergence of seedlings complicates a breeding program when uniform size of seedlings is desired.
The Use of PI Soybeans as an Indicator Plant for the Selection of Chlorosis Resistant Horticultural Plants1
Authors: LaCroix L. J. , Lenz L. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Iron deficiency chlorosis is a serious problem when many of a number of woody and herbaceous ornamental and fruit plants are grown on calcareous soils. Soil amendments, such as the various iron chelates, have been used with varying success (1,2,3,4), however, except for foliar application on citrus, chelates have found limited use because of their high cost and erratic or less than satisfactory results. The simple inheritance of chlorosis resistance in soybeans is well known (5), however, the few attempts to select chlorosis resistant fruit trees have been rather unsuccessful (6,7). Trees frequently will show no signs of chlorosis until the rcot system penetrates highly calcareous subsoil layers. Thus attempts to select for chlorosis resistance have given erratic year to year results and have, in general, been unsuccessful even after several years of testing.
No Simazine Residues in Pecan Nuts
Authors: Worley Ray R. , Harmon S. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Many pecan groves throughout the south are grazed for pasture. Simazine at 3 lb/A is recommended for pastures, but the amount of residue accumulating in pecan nuts grown in pastures treated with this herbicide is not known. In this study rates of 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 lb/A of active Simazine was applied as a spray underneath the canopy of approximately 40-year old Stuart pecan trees on March 16, 1963 while trees were dormant. Two replications were used. On November 14, a 10 lb nut sample was collected from each tree and analyzed by the Geigy Research laboratories. All samples contained less than 0.04 ppm of Simazine in both shells and kernels, which is considered essentially no residue. No damage to the trees was noticed.
Effects of a Magnetic Field on the Germination of Apple, Apricot, and Peach Seeds1
Authors: Chao Lee , Walker David R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effects of a magnetic field on biological systems have been studied extensively in recent years. Murphy (1) reported that a magnetic field accelerates seed germination. Boe and Salunkhe (2) suggested that the magnetic field might act upon auxin or enzyme reactions, or influence free radical formation in inducing tomato fruit ripening. Mericle et al. (3) reported that the magnetic field did not affect the rate of germination of barley seeds, but did increase the rate of shoot and root growth. According to Pittman (4), both germination and growth rates of wheat, oat, and barley seeds were enhanced by a magnetic field at certain orientation.
Time of Differentiation of Peel Qualities in Shamouti Orange
Authors: Patt J. , Ahroni M. , Benor J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Peel quality differentiation in Shamouti Orange was apparent about a month after fruit set, and little change occurred afterwards, through the main growth season (July-January). Conditions prior to July appear to have a major influence on peel qualities.
Reception of the Light Stimulus for Cold Acclimation in Cornus stolonifera Michx1
Authors: Hurst C. , Hall T. C. , Weiser C. ]. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Since the acclimation of woody perennial plants to low temperatures is an active and annual phenomenon, it is probable that the onset of this process is triggered by fairly specific stimuli. Shortening days in autumn and possible concommitant changes in light quality could well be among the major stimulators triggering cold hardening in plants.
Factors Affecting Internal Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Concentration of Citrus Fruits
Authors: Davis Paul L. , Chace William G. , Cubbedge Randall H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to show the variations of internal gases of Orlando tangelos, Temple oranges, and Marsh grapefruit before storage and how waxing, storage temperatures, and various external O2 and CO2 concentrations affected internal gas composition. These tests were part of an overall project to determine the best controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions for storage of citrus fruits. Since internal O2 and CO2 concentrations may affect fruit quality (1), one concern in the addition of CO2 to the external atmosphere during CA storage was that the concentration of this component would continue to build up internally. Eaks and Ludi (1) have shown that the internal atmospheres of citrus fruits are affected by temperature, washing, and waxing. Vines and Oberbacher (4) found that certain packinghouse treatments increased CO2 concentrations within citrus fruits.
Criteria for Identification of Anthocyanins
Authors: Francis F. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Emphasis on quality factors in horticultural products has led investigators into studies on pigments because of their obvious effect on eye appeal. The anthocyanin patterns in nearly all commercial crops have been reported (Harborne, 1964, 1967; Geissman, 1962) but this does not mean that the information can be used directly. Pigment patterns are likely to vary in different cultivars and it is the responsibility of the investigator to check the pigment identities in his particular material. This paper is concerned with minimum criteria for publishable identification of an anthocyanin pigment.
N,N’-Dinitroethylenediamine Retards Growth of Red Cedar and American Arborvitae
Authors: Sucoff Edward I. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
As part of the continuing search for chemicals which stimulate or retard growth of tree species, the growth regulator N, N’-dinitroethylenediamine (EDNA)2 was applied to red cedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) and to American arborvitae (Thuja Occidentalis L.). Holmsen3 reported that low amounts of EDNA stimulated a broad spectrum of growth increases in many herbaceous plants, including height growth in bean, leaf area in cabbage, dry weight in a rye-grass-clover mixture and protein content in wheat. He also reported that high amounts inhibited height growth of tobacco.
Differences Between Thermocouple and Liquid Crystal Measurements of Temperature
Authors: Yelenosky G. , Horanic G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Liquid crystals are a part of a large number of organic compounds which, upon heating, change from a viscous liquid to a clear isotropic liquid. Many liquid crystals are derivatives of cholesterol. In the transition stage between solid and isotropic liquid, liquid crystals possess light scattering properties which result in changes of color in response to changes in temperature (1).
Preservation of Fresh Food Quality by Gas Exchange: A New Approach to Food Preservation
Authors: Kramer Amihud , Palmer S. J. , Kaffezkis J. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We have been working for several years on the idea of replacing normal atmospheres with gases that are lethal to enzymes and microorganisms in fresh fruits and vegetables to extend their useful postharvest storage period. This would supplement the effects of controlled atmosphere storage with protection from enzymic breakdown and microbial spoilage. Thus far we have been successful in preserving plugs of apple and potato.
Chemical Color Enhancement of Cranberry Fruit12
Authors: Eck Paul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Color enhancement in Howes and Early Black cranberry, as measured by pigment analysis and influenced by malathion, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and succinic acid 2,2-dimethyl hydrazide (Alar) sprays prior to harvest, was investigated under New Jersey conditions. Malathion at the rate of 2.5 lbs. of active material/A. applied at 200 gal./A. significantly enhanced the extractable pigment content in both Howes and Early Black cranberry. The color enhancement was noted within four days of application, and the differential in pigment content between the malathion treated and control berries was maintained throughout the sampling period. Neither IAA at 50 ppm nor Alar at 2000 and 4000 ppm active material increased color in Early Black. There was an indication that Alar delayed red pigment formation in Early Black. Soluble solids and titratable acidity measurements of Howes and Early Black fruit did not indicate any significant difference between treated and control fruit at a given sampling date.
Growth Regulator Survey for Activity in Inducing Parthenocarpy in the Highbush Blueberry1
Authors: Mainland C. M. , Eck P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An effective growth regulator treatment for inducing fruit set and parthenocarpic development in the highbush blueberry would restore a number of once productive varieties to profitable commercial use. The decline in productiveness of varieties such as Coville, Earliblue and Jersey has paralleled the decline in native pollinating insects such as the bumblebee (4). The use of commercial honeybees has not solved the fruit set problem in many cases because the problem varieties appear to be less attractive to the domesticated bees than are the fruitful varieties (4).
Cytology and Seed Set Studies in Viola tricolor Hortensis L.
Authors: Emino Everett R. , Sink Kenneth C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The pansy, Viola tricolor Hortensis, L. is a popular bedding plant, however, the problem of low seed set has hindered genetic studies, plant breeding efforts, and the production of Fl hybrids. Twenty-nine commercial inbred pansy lines were investigated cytologically to establish a possible relationship between chromosome number and pollen fertility. The somatic chromosome number of all lines studied was found to be 2n=48 and pollen fertility was above 90 percent. Preliminary hybridization investigations suggest the problem may be an incompatibility system.
Chemical Injury on Golden Delicious Apples Treated with Diphenylamine
Authors: Pierson Charles F. , Schomer Harold A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A chemical injury consisting of a blue-gray discoloration developed on the cheeks and shoulders, but not on the calyx ends of Golden Delicious apples treated with DPA in dips or wraps. This injury was distinguishable from storage scald which was brown (in color) and occurred on the calyx ends and cheeks of fruit wrapped in plain or oiled paper wraps.
IR-2, A Germ Plasm Bank of Virus-Free Fruit Tree Clones
Authors: Fridlund Paul R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It is desirable to review periodically the accomplishments of a project having the scope of Interregional Project IR-2, because of its inter-disciplinary relationships among horticulturists, entomologists, plant pathologists and other biologists. The main objectives of the project are to assemble selections of desirable species and varieties of deciduous fruit trees, verify their freedom from infecting viruses, maintain virus-free individuals in repositories, and distribute virus-free propagating materials to cooperating investigators for research or as foundation stock for release to industry.
Collapse of ‘Murcot’ Citrus Trees1
Authors: Stewart Ivan , Wheaton T. A. , Reese R. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The ‘Murcott Honey Orange’ is grown rather extensively in Florida and is highly desired because of its fine flavor and dark orange colored flesh. Its origin is unknown, but the ‘Murcott’ is probably a hybrid of mandarin and sweet orange parentage. This variety bears very heavy crops with much of the fruit set in clusters. These extremely heavy crops result in a collapse of the trees near the time of fruit maturity. Depending on the severity of this decline, the trees may require from one to several years to recover (Figs. 1,2,3) or in extreme cases, die. The leaves and fruit from severely affected trees turn yellow and drop followed by dieback of the branches. These symptoms appear in December and January and become progressively worse as the fruit matures. Fruit on less severely affected trees are usually small and fail to develop the dark orange color characteristic of the variety. The problem of ‘Murcott’ collapse is probably the main reason this variety is not more widely grown. Knorr and Collins (1) previously described this condition and reported that in some cases, severe root deterioration occurs. The problem apparently is not limited to ‘Murcotts’ since similar symptoms have been reported in California for the ‘Wilking’ and ‘Kinnow’ mandarins (3).
Gene Resources and Fruit Research in the Soviet Bloc Countries
Authors: Weaver G. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The synthesis of improved fruit varieties is largely dependent on three main factors: 1) the calibre of the raw material or the gene resources; 2) the quality of the tools used in choosing parents, hybridization and progeny selection; and 3) the human element and such qualities as perception or at least a capacity for keen observation. The degree of success achieved by any plant breeder is obviously influenced to a considerable extent by his resourcefulness in enlarging upon his gene resources, and the use of the most efficient breeding tools further enhances the program.