bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Root Growth of Transgenic Tobacco Plants with Overexpression of Expansin and Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase Genes under Cadmium Stress
Authors: Berezhneva Z. A. , Musin Kh. G. , Kuluev B. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Expansins and xyloglucan endotransglycosylases play an important role in the regulation of plant growth under optimal and stressful conditions. Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing NtEXPA1 and NtEXPA5 expansin genes and NtEXGT xyloglucan endotransglycosylase of Nicotiana tabacum L. have been previously created by the authors. The aim of this work was the morphophysiological analysis of the roots of these transgenic tobacco plants under conditions of cadmium stress. Transgenic tobacco plants were characterized by increased root length compared to wild type plants, both under optimal conditions and when exposed to cadmium. The area of parenchyma cells of roots of transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing NtEXPA1 and NtEXPA5 expansin genes was greater than the wild type, while the cell sizes, on the contrary, were smaller in the case of the transgene NtEXGT. Overexpression of NtEXPA1,NtEXPA5, and NtEXGT genes contributed to an increase in the total antioxidant capacity and activity of ascorbate peroxidases and a decrease in the content of proline in the roots under the action of cadmium. In the shoots of plants transgenic for the expansin genes, a lower content of MDA was found both under optimal conditions and under the action of cadmium. Thus, it has been shown that NtEXPA1 and NtEXPA5 transgenes have a stimulating effect on the growth of tobacco roots under conditions of cadmium stress by enhancing cell expansion and a positive effect on the components of the antioxidant system. The NtEXGT gene is also involved in root growth under the action of cadmium, including through the effect on the antioxidant system.
Consumption of two meals per day is associated with increased intrapancreatic fat deposition in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective study
Authors: Niki Akiko , Baden Megu Y , Kato Sarasa , Mitsushio Kento , Horii Tomomi , Ozawa Harutoshi , Ishibashi Chisaki , Fujita Shingo , Kimura Takekazu , Fujita Yukari , Tokunaga Ayumi , Nammo Takao , Fukui Kenji , Kozawa Junji , Shimomura Iichiro 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThis study aimed to identify the associations between lifestyle factors and intrapancreatic fat deposition in patients with type 2 diabetes.Research design and methodsThe participants were 185 patients with type 2 diabetes who were hospitalized at Osaka University Hospital between 2008 and 2020 and underwent abdominal CT during hospitalization. Information regarding lifestyle factors, including the number of meals consumed per day, snacking habits, exercise habits, exercise at work, smoking habits, alcohol intake, insomnia, sleep apnea syndrome, and night-shift working, was acquired from self-administered questionnaires or medical records. We measured the mean CT values for the pancreas (P), liver (L), and spleen (S), and the visceral fat area (VFA), and quantified intrapancreatic and liver ectopic fat accumulation as P−S and L−S, respectively.ResultsAfter adjustment for age, sex, hemoglobin A1c, and body mass index (BMI), participants who consumed two meals per day had significantly lower P−S (higher intrapancreatic fat deposition, p=0.02) than those who consumed three meals per day. There were no significant associations between the number of meals consumed and liver ectopic fat accumulation and VFA (p=0.73 and p=0.67, respectively).ConclusionsPatients with diabetes who consumed two meals per day showed greater intrapancreatic fat deposition than those who consumed three meals per day, even after adjustment for BMI. These findings support the current guideline for diabetes treatment that skipping meals should be avoided.
Serum isthmin-1 levels are positively and independently correlated with albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wang Chuan , Xu Mingyue , Feng Ruiying , Zhang Lei , Yin Xiaofei , Feng Ruoqi , Liang Kai , Liu Jinbo 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionIsthmin-1 (Ism-1), as a novel adipokine, plays a role in glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. However, the relationship between Ism-1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the association of serum Ism-1 levels with albuminuria and insulin resistance in patients with T2DM and preserved renal function.Research design and methodsA total of 150 patients with T2DM were recruited. The presence of albuminuria was evaluated by urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR) in first morning urine sample. Serum Ism-1 levels were tested by ELISA. Homeostasis model assessments were used to evaluate insulin resistance. Binary logistic regression and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to assess the association of serum Ism-1 levels with albuminuria. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to explore the correlation of serum Ism-1 levels with insulin resistance.ResultsCompared with the normal-albuminuria and microalbuminuria groups, serum Ism-1 levels were significantly higher in the macroalbuminuria group (p<0.01). Binary logistic regression analyses showed that serum Ism-1 was positively associated with odds of albuminuria even after multiple adjustments (OR=4.766, p=0.013). Serum Ism-1 was positively associated with log10-transformed UACR (β=0.625, p<0.001). However, the associations between serum Ism-1 levels and insulin resistance were not observed in patients with T2DM.ConclusionsSerum Ism-1 levels were positively and independently correlated with the severity of albuminuria in patients with T2DM but not with insulin resistance.
Factors associated with risk behaviours towards hepatitis B among migrant workers: a cross-sectional study based on theory of planned behaviour
Authors: Xiang Hui , Li Mingjing , Xiao Meng , Liu Min , Su Xiaoshan , Wang Dashu , Li Ke , Chen Rui , Gan Lin , Chu Kun , Tian Yu , Tang Xiaojun , Lei Xun 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesRural-to-urban migrant workers are susceptible to hepatitis B because of lack of self-protection awareness and social support. The aim of this study was to explore the factors influencing risk behaviours for hepatitis B among migrant workers based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB).DesignA cross-sectional survey.SettingChongqing, ChinaParticipantMigrant workersPrimary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcomes were the TPB variables. The secondary outcomes were factors explored by logistic regressions which were associated with hepatitis B related risk behaviours and behavioural intentions (BI).ResultsOf 1299 recruited migrant workers, 384 (29.56%) participants undertook risk behaviours related to hepatitis B virus infection in the 6 months prior to the survey, and 1111 (85.53%) migrant workers had the BI of doing so. Of 842 migrant workers who undertook sexual activities, 58.19% did not use condoms. Binary logistic regressions showed that migrant workers who were men (p<0.05), less educated (p<0.01), lacked hepatitis B knowledge (p<0.05) and of a young age (p<0.01), were more intent on conducting hepatitis B-related behaviours. Alcohol drinking (p<0.01) was also positively associated with hepatitis B risk. The scores of TPB variables, including attitude towards behaviour and subjective norms, were positively associated with BI when adjusted for sociodemographics (p<0.001). Meanwhile, experience of behaviour and regret feeling were positively associated with BI and actual behaviours (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively).ConclusionsA considerable proportion of migrant workers undertake hepatitis B-related risk behaviours, and condoms are seldom used. Health education campaigns targeting the identified TPB variables may play a significant role in improving awareness of hepatitis B prevention among migrant workers, especially for those who are men, younger, alcohol drinkers, less educated and lacking hepatitis B knowledge.
Systematic literature review of cost-effectiveness analyses of robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy for localised prostate cancer
Authors: Song Chao , Cheng Lucia , Li Yanli , Kreaden Usha , Snyder Susan R 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesReview and assess cost-effectiveness studies of robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) for localised prostate cancer compared with open radical prostatectomy (ORP) and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP).DesignSystematic review.SettingPubMed, Embase, Scopus, International HTA database, the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination database and various HTA websites were searched (January 2005 to March 2021) to identify the eligible cost-effectiveness studies.ParticipantsCost-effectiveness, cost-utility, or cost-minimization analyses examining RARP versus ORP or LRP were included in this systematic review.InterventionsDifferent surgical approaches to treat localized prostate cancer: RARP compared with ORP and LRP.Primary and secondary outcome measuresA structured narrative synthesis was developed to summarize results of cost, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness results (eg, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio [ICER]). Study quality was assessed using the Consensus on Health Economic Criteria Extended checklist. Application of medical device features were evaluated.ResultsTwelve studies met inclusion criteria, 11 of which were cost–utility analyses. Higher quality-adjusted life-years and higher costs were observed with RARP compared with ORP or LRP in 11 studies (91%). Among four studies comparing RARP with LRP, three reported RARP was dominant or cost-effective. Among ten studies comparing RARP with ORP, RARP was more cost-effective in five, not cost-effective in two, and inconclusive in three studies. Studies with longer time horizons tended to report favorable cost-effectiveness results for RARP. Nine studies (75%) were rated of moderate or good quality. Recommended medical device features were addressed to varying degrees within the literature as follows: capital investment included in most studies, dynamic pricing considered in about half, and learning curve and incremental innovation were poorly addressed.ConclusionsDespite study heterogeneity, RARP was more costly and effective compared with ORP and LRP in most studies and likely to be more cost-effective, particularly over a multiple year or lifetime time horizon. Further cost-effectiveness analyses for RARP that more thoroughly consider medical device features and use an appropriate time horizon are needed.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021246811.
Amphetamine-related care in the USA, 2003–2014: cross-sectional analyses examining inpatient trends and factors associated with hospitalisation outcomes
Authors: Liu Lisa J W , Crispo James A G , Bach Paxton , Ansell Dominique R , Thibault Dylan , Willis Allison W , Cragg Jacquelyn J 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesAlthough amphetamine use is a growing health problem in the USA, there are limited data on amphetamine-related hospitalisations. The primary objective of our study was to examine trends in amphetamine-related hospitalisations in the USA between 2003 and 2014, including by age and sex. Our secondary objectives were to examine whether demographic, clinical and care setting characteristics were associated with select outcomes of amphetamine-related hospitalisations, including in-hospital mortality, prolonged length of stay and leaving against medical advice.Design, setting and participantsUsing the 2003–2014 National Inpatient Sample, we estimated the rate of amphetamine-related hospitalisations for each year in the USA among individuals 18+ years of age, stratified by age and sex. Subgroup analyses examined hospitalisations due to amphetamine causes. Unconditional logistic regression modelling was used to estimate the adjusted odds of admission outcomes for sociodemographic, clinical and hospital indicators.Primary and secondary outcomesOur primary outcome was amphetamine-related hospitalisations between 2003 and 2014; secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality, prolonged length of stay and leaving against medical advice.ResultsAmphetamine-related hospitalisation rates increased from 27 to 69 per 100 000 population between 2003 and 2014. Annual rates were consistently greater among younger (18–44 years) individuals and men. Regional differences were observed, with admission to Western hospitals being associated with increased mortality (adjusted OR, AOR 5.07, 95% CI 1.22 to 21.04) and shorter (0–2 days) lengths of stay (AOR 0.70, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.83) compared with Northeast admissions. Males (AOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.38; compared with females) and self-pay (AOR 2.30, 95% CI 1.90 to 2.79; compared with private insurance) were associated with leaving against medical advice.ConclusionsIncreasing rates of amphetamine-related hospitalisation risk being overshadowed by other public health crises. Regional amphetamine interventions may offer the greatest population health benefits. Future studies should examine long-term outcomes among patients hospitalised for amphetamine-related causes.
Level of knowledge on low-dose CT lung cancer screening in Sichuan province, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Ruicen , Luo Li , Tao Wenjuan , Huang Wenxia , Bao Ting 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesLow-dose CT (LDCT) can help determine the early stage of lung cancer and reduce mortality. However, knowledge of lung cancer and lung cancer screening among community residents and medical workers, and potential factors that may affect medical institutions to set up LDCT are limited.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted in Sichuan province, China, in 2021. Community residents, medical workers and medical institutions were randomly selected, and participants responded to related questionnaires. Knowledge of lung cancer and LDCT lung cancer screening was evaluated. Data analyses were performed using SAS V.9.4.ResultsA total of 35 692 residents, 6350 medical workers and 81 medical institutions were recruited; 4.05% of the residents were very familiar with lung cancer and 37.89% were (completely) unfamiliar. Characteristics, such as age and level of education, were significantly related to residents who were very familiar with lung cancer. Furthermore, 22.87% of the residents knew that LDCT can effectively screen for early-stage lung cancer, which was correlated with smoking (OR 1.1300; 95% CI 1.0540 to 1.2110; p=0.006) and family history of cancer (OR 1.2210; 95% CI 1.1400 to 1.3080; p<0.0001); 66.06% of medical workers believed that LDCT can detect early-stage lung cancer. Technicians and nurses were less knowledgeable than doctors about whether LDCT can effectively screen for early-stage lung cancer (OR 0.6976; 95% CI 0.5399 to 0.9015; p=0.0059 and OR 0.6970; 95% CI 0.5718 to 0.8496; p=0.0004, respectively). Setting up LDCT in medical institutions was related to grade, administrative rank, number of hospital beds that opened and total number of medical workers.ConclusionsThe knowledge of lung cancer in residents is relatively low, and the knowledge of LDCT in screening (early-stage) lung cancer needs to be improved both in residents and medical workers. Possible factors that affect medical institutions to set up LDCT may need to be incorporated.
Describing and mapping scientific articles on alcohol globally for the period 2010–2021: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Jaeger Laslo , Devi Tanmay , Barbazza Erica , Neufeld Maria , Franz Christian , Marten Robert , Tello Juan E 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo describe and map scientific literature related to alcohol consumption, its determinants, governance, harm and control policies by publication output, author affiliations, funding, countries of study and research themes.DesignBibliometric analysis using performance analysis and science mapping techniques.Data sourcesScientific articles.Eligibility criteriaIndexed scientific articles published between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2021 with an English abstract focused on alcohol consumption, its determinants, harms, governance and control policies.Data extraction and synthesisSearches were run in Web of Science and PubMed. Performance metrics were analysed using descriptive statistics. Keywords were used for science mapping in a deductive approach to cluster articles by five main research themes. The ‘policy response’ theme was further analysed by six subthemes.Results4553 articles were included in the analysis. Three out of four articles (3479/4553, 76.4%) were authored solely by authors affiliated with HIC institutions. One in five articles (906/4553, 19.9%) had at least one author affiliated to an institution from an upper-middle-income, middle-income or low-income country context. Governments, followed by research institutions, were the predominant funding source. Half (53.1%) studied a single country and, of these, 77.0% were high-income countries (HICs). Australia, USA and UK were the most studied countries, together accounting for 44.9% (975/2172) of country-specific articles. Thematically, ‘consumption’ was most studied, and ‘alcohol determinants’, least. ‘Policy response’ articles were predominately conducted in HIC contexts.ConclusionsAlthough the attributable harm of alcohol is known to affect more significantly lower-income and middle-income countries, scientific publications primarily report on HIC contexts by authors from HICs. Research themes reflect known cost-effective policy actions, though skewed towards HICs and a focus on consumption. The implementation of context-specific alcohol control policies requires addressing the determinants of the uneven geographical and thematic distribution of research.
Mental health literacy of school-going adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: a regional systematic review protocol
Authors: Sodi Tholene , Quarshie Emmanuel Nii-Boye , Oppong Asante Kwaku , Radzilani-Makatu Makondelele , Makgahlela Mpsanyana , Nkoana Shai , Mutambara Julia 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAssessing mental health literacy has implications for the identification and treatment of mental health problems. Adolescents have been identified as a particularly important target group for initiating and improving mental health literacy. However, much of what we know about adolescent mental health literacy comes from high-income countries. This proposed review seeks to synthesise the available published primary evidence from sub-Saharan Africa on the status and measurement of mental health literacy among school-going adolescents.Methods and analysisWe will perform a systematic review reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement (PRISMA-2020). We will systematically search selected global databases (EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed and MEDLINE) and regional electronic databases (African Index Medicus and African Journals OnLine) up to December 2021 for observational and qualitative studies published in English and French. The standard quality assessment criteria for evaluating primary research papers from a variety of fields (QualSyst criteria) will be used to appraise the methodological quality of the included studies. The Petticrew-Roberts 3-step approach to narrative synthesis will be applied to the included studies.Ethics and disseminationWe will not seek ethical approval from an institutional review board, as this is a systematic review of available and accessible literature. When completed, the full report of this review will be submitted to a journal for peer-reviewed publication; the key findings will be presented at local and international conferences with—partial or full—focus on (adolescent) mental health (literacy).PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021229011.
Primary care for individuals with serious mental illness (PriSMI): protocol for a convergent mixed methods study
Authors: Grudniewicz Agnes , Peckham Allie , Rudoler David , Lavergne M Ruth , Ashcroft Rachelle , Corace Kimberly , Kaluzienski Mark , Kaoser Ridhwana , Langford Lucie , McCracken Rita , Norris W Craig , O'Riordan Anne , Patrick Kevin , Peterson Sandra , Randall Ellen , Rayner Jennifer , Schütz Christian G , Sunderji Nadiya , Thai Helen , Kurdyak Paul 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPeople with serious mental illness (SMI) have poor health outcomes, in part because of inequitable access to quality health services. Primary care is well suited to coordinate and manage care for this population; however, providers may feel ill-equipped to do so and patients may not have the support and resources required to coordinate their care. We lack a strong understanding of prevention and management of chronic disease in primary care among people with SMI as well as the context-specific barriers that exist at the patient, provider and system levels. This mixed methods study will answer three research questions: (1) How do primary care services received by people living with SMI differ from those received by the general population? (2) What are the experiences of people with SMI in accessing and receiving chronic disease prevention and management in primary care? (3) What are the experiences of primary care providers in caring for individuals with SMI?Methods and analysisWe will conduct a concurrent mixed methods study in Ontario and British Columbia, Canada, including quantitative analyses of linked administrative data and in-depth qualitative interviews with people living with SMI and primary care providers. By comparing across two provinces, each with varying degrees of mental health service investment and different primary care models, results will shed light on individual and system-level factors that facilitate or impede quality preventive and chronic disease care for people with SMI in the primary care setting.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the University of Ottawa Research Ethics Board and partner institutions. An integrated knowledge translation approach brings together researchers, providers, policymakers, decision-makers, patient and caregiver partners and knowledge users. Working with this team, we will develop policy-relevant recommendations for improvements to primary care systems that will better support providers and reduce health inequities.