bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apple, San Jose Scale Penncap Comparison, 1984
Authors: Pfeiffer D. G. , Ponton L. F. , Varn M. , Boucher J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Penncap Malone and in various combinations were evaluated in an orchard at Tyro, VA. Four, single-tree replicates per treatment were used in a completely randomized design. Crawlers appeared 31 May. Sprays were applied 4 Jun and 11 Jun. Applications were made with a truck-mounted Swanson sprayer with a handgun attachment. Scale populations were assessed by counting scale-infested fruit after crawlers had settled (8 Aug) and again on 4 Sep. Fifty fruit per tree were evaluated. Mite populations were sampled on 8 Aug using 20-leaf samples and a leaf-brushing machine.
Birch, Evaluation of Soil-Applied Systemic Insecticides for Control of Fall Webworm Caterpillars and Japanese Beetle Adults, Wayne Co., Oh, 1984
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Trees (6.4-8.9 cm dbh) growing in an experimental birch planting and infested with at least 1 webworm nest were chosen for evaluating soil-applied Standak and Di-Syston for control of fall webworm and Japanese beetles. Soil from the base of each tree to its dripline was cultivated prior to and following application of insecticides. Standak treatments were applied with a sprinkling can at the rate of ca. 545 ml of water/m2 of soil surface. Di-Syston granules were applied in salt shaker fashion to the treatment area, raked-in, and then watered as above. All treatments were applied to 4 single-tree replicates on 31 Jul, 5 days after a 3 cm rainfall, so soil moisture was adequate for movement and uptake of systemic insecticides. During the first and second weeks after application, 4.75 and 3.4 cm of rain fell, respectively, on the experimental area. There was no rain during the third week. Treatment effects were evaluated weekly by observing webs for presence of living fall webworm larvae and for evidence of web expansion. A terminal lateral twig was removed from each treated tree and placed in a 1 liter fonda cup with 5 Japanese beetle adults in the laboratory at weekly intervals for 3 wk after application. Living and dead beetles were counted 48 h after caging.
Spring Control of White Grubs on a Long Island Golf Course, 1984
Authors: Baker P. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three insecticides were applied to a rough in Hempstead, LI, NY on 23 Apr for control of a mixed population Oriental/Japanese grubs. The rough consisted of annual bluegrass (40%), perennial bluegrass (40%), and bentgrass (20%). The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Individual plots were 10 ft x 10 ft. Thatch accumulation was ca 0.5 inch compressed between the fingers. Granular materials were applied with a precalibrated Gandy 2.5 spreader. Liquid materials were premeasured in the laboratory and applied with 3 gal of water through a watering can. All liquid applications were made in 2 directions within each plot. At treatment time the following environmental and soil conditions existed: air temperature, 53°F; soil temperature (1 inch), 49°F; soil type, sandy loam; soil pH, 4.4; soil moisture, 1.65 (w/ d); and it was raining. It rained 0.2 inches in the 24 h posttreatment. Posttreatment counts were taken 36 days later (29 May) by cutting a 1 x 10-ft strip lengthwise through each plot with a mechanical soil cutter (2.25 inch) and examining the sod and underlying soil for grubs. Species identifications were determined in the laboratory. Three ft2 samples were taken from each replicate, and mean surviving grubs determined per ft2.
Control of Japanese Beetle in Golf Course Fairway, 1984
Authors: Klein M. G. , Moyseenko J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted on the left side of #14 fairway at Hinckley Hills Golf Course in Hinckley, OH (Medina Co.). Since we were looking for complete control of the larvae, the test consisted of Oftanol applied once (19 Apr), and diazinon applied 1, 2, or 3 times. Thatch accumulation was 0.75 to 1.25 inches, and air temperature at treatment time was 50°F on 19 Apr, 63°F on 2 May, and 51°F on 15 May. The larvae were third instars. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replicates. Individual plots were 10 x 12 ft. The granular material was applied with a cyclone rotary broadcast spreader. Liquid applications were made using a John Bean centrifugal pump sprayer with three 11005 Teejet nozzles mounted on a boom, operating at full throttle with a 100 ml per second spray rate, at 100 gal water per acre. Rain (0.65 inches) occurred 3 days after first treatment, 1.64 inches 1 day after second treatment and 0.3 inches 4 days after third treatment. Surviving larvae were sampled 29 days after the last treatment (55 days after the first treatment) by cutting five 7 X 7 x 3-inch-deep plugs into each 10 x 12 ft plot.
Phytotoxicity on Carnation with Fmc 54800, California, 1984
Authors: Robb K. L. , Parrella M. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two formulations of FMC 54800, 2E and 10WP, were evaluated for phytotoxicity on carnation. Seven weekly applications of FMC 54800, at IX, 2X and 4X the recommended rate of 0.125 lb ai/100 gal, were made to commercially grown carnations located in Encinitas, Calif., beginning 1 Aug. The test was replicasted 4 times and each replicate consisted of 10-row-ft per variety. Applications were made with a 2.5 gpm Arimitsu sprayer @ 250 psi.
Control of Twospotted Spider Mites on Chrysanthemum, California, 1984
Authors: Robb K. L. , Virzi J. K. , Parrella M. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Materials were applied to commercially grown 12-wk-old potted chrysanthemum plants using a 1-gal B&G sprayer, with a 5003 Spray Systems nozzle, @ 60 psi, on 24 Aug (temp = 28°C). The test was replicated 4 times, with one 8-inch pot per replicate. Four leaves were removed per pot per evaluation and run through a mite brushing machine. All motile mite stages were counted under a dissecting microscope on the day of application, and 3, 8, and 12 days.
Control of Elm Bark Beetle on American Elm, Bioassay Tests, Cuyahoga, Co., Ohio, 1983
Authors: Barger Jack H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In Shaker Heights, Ohio, the crowns of street-lawn American elms, Ulmus americana L., (avg 64.0 cm in dbh; 20.1 m in height) were sprayed at bud break with candidate insecticides for evaluation as alternatives to the standard methoxychlor emulsion used to control twig-crotch feeding by the smaller European elm bark beetle. Treatments included 4 insecticides at 2 concentrations and methoxychlor at 1 concentration. Each treatment was applied to 3 single tree replicates. Sevin 4-Oil was mixed in diesel fuel; all others in water. A John Bean 300G Rotomist mist blower equipped with 3 DC-5 nozzles with no. 45 cores was used. Each tree received an average of 24.6 liters of finished spray except methoxychlor-treated trees averaged 9.5 liters. When trees were sprayed on 5 May, the ambient temperature was 2-10°C, the sky was clear, and the wind was 0-5 kph. Between treatment and bioassay, the mean temperature was 20.6°C and the total rainfall was 37.9 cm. At 16 wks postspray, 10 twigs were collected for bioassay from each of 12 sectors (3 vertical levels and 4 quadrants) in each tree crown. Twigs from each vertical level were combined for bioassay. Bioassays were made by confining 1-day old adult beetles on twigs in small cages. The mean percentage of beetles that failed to penetrate the twig xylem, after feeding for 24 h at 30 ± 1°C and 92 ± 2% RH, was used as a measure of treatment effectiveness.
Elm Bark Beetle Mortality From Weathered Insecticide Residues on Twigs, 1979
Authors: Brown Leland R. , Willis Mark A. , Eads Clark O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On Sep 11 ‘78 three vigorous trees on this campus were thorough-coverage sprayed to drip with Pydrin, Sevin and Imidan, respectively, using a power sprayer and handgun. A fourth tree was selected as an untreated check. Trunk diam 12 inches above ground averaged 4.3 inches. Sprays were buffered to pH 6.0. At a given interval after spraying each tree 5.5 by 3 inch twigs at breast height were collected in each of four 0.5-pint Mason jars with screened lids. On each of 4 successive days a jar was infested with 20 female beetles and mortality determined after 24 h. Data from each jar represented 1 of 4 treatment replicates for that weathering date. Data of each date were subjected to a 2-way ANOVA. Two inches of rain fell during the experiment and there were many days in excess of 100°F and some days of heavy winds.
Boxleaf Euonymus, Euonymus Scale Control Using Trunk Paints, 1984
Authors: Williams Michael L. , Sheffer Barbara J. , Miller Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Paint-on treatments were compared to foliar application of Cygon 2E for control of euonymus scale. Sixteen 1-1.5-ft-tall boxleaf euonymus, heavily infested with euonymus scale, were selected for treatment. Test plants were growing in a pine bark media in 2-gal black plastic pots. Cygon 2E was applied as a paint-on band treatment to the trunk of the plant at the rate of 1 inch band per inch of trunk diameter. The material was applied with a sponge paint brush by dipping the brush in full strength Cygon 2E and painting the appropriate size band of insecticide around the trunk of the plant. To test for phytotoxicity, an additional group of plants were treated at twice the test rate. Foliar sprays were applied to runoff using compressed air sprayers. Care was taken to spray the underside of the foliage to provide optimum contact of the insecticide with target pests. Four replicates (plants) were used per treatment. Treatments were applied 11 Nov ‘83. Efficacy of the treatments was evaluated 19 Mar ‘84, by examining 100 adult female euonymus scales per replicate and scoring them as living if normally colored and full bodied or dead if discolored and shriveled or dried.
Hairy Chinch Bug Control on a Home Lawn in Geneva, Ny, 1984
Authors: Baker P. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insecticides were applied 8 Aug to a hairy chinch bug-infested home lawn consisting of fescue (85%) and Kentucky bluegrass (10%). Treatment plots were 10 X 10 ft, replicated 3 times. All Oftanol was applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer operating at 20 psi with a SS Co. Jet Nozzle #3.6 SO. All other liquid materials were premeasured in the laboratory and applied in 3 gal of water with a hand-held sprinkling can. The granular material was applied with a precalibrated Gandy 2.5 spreader. Twenty-four h after application, 0.5 of each of the Oftanol plots (50 sq ft) was watered with 3 gal/treatment with a sprinkling can. Conditions on date of application were 85°F with sunny skies and no breeze. A flotation method was used for sampling, using 6-inch diameter circular cans. Posttreatment counts were made 14 days later (20-21 Aug). Two locations were randomly selected within each replicate, and the total number of chinch bugs rising to the surface over a 10-min period (per location) was recorded. An average of 60.3 chinch bug nymphs and adults per flotation was recorded 8 Aug prior to treatment.
Late Spring Control of Cooley Spruce Gall Adelgids in Carbon Co., Pa, 1984
Authors: Shetlar David J. , Heller Paul R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Douglas-fir Christmas trees (1-1.5 m tall) were selected and sprayed at Yesner’s Tree Farm on May 1. Trees were selected if live adelgids were noted on the needles (oviposition was observed). Nine treatments plus a water control, replicated five times in a RCB design, were applied using a 1.5-gal stainless steel hand-pump sprayer until runoff. Application was made from 13:00 to 17:00 h with air temperature 20°C. Post-spray counts were made 21 May by counting the number of developing adelgids on the new growth during a 1-minute count.
Control of Honeylocust Pod Gall Midge with Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides, Ft. Collins, Co, 1984
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Wright Glenn 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recently transplanted honeylocust trees, 6-8 ft in height, were monitored for honeylocust pod gall midge activity at the Fort Collins City Nursery. When oviposition activity of the third generation was observed (22 Jun) soil systemic insecticides were applied, 3-5 inches deep, around the base of the trees. Rates of insecticides used were equivalent to that for elm leaf beetle control, i.e., 0.33 oz/trunk diameter inch. Plot size was a single tree, replicated 4 times, and arranged in a RCB design. Plots were evaluated 6 Jul by counting all new galls on the first, third, and fifth lower terminals. A second application was made 11 Jul for control of the “fourth” generation. This was followed by a 31 Jul evaluation where all new galls on the tree were counted.
Bagworm Control on Juniper, 1984
Authors: Schultz Peter B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bagworm control was evaluated by selecting 10-ft sections of a 200-ft row of junipers of similar size (7 ft) and infestation level. Insecticides were applied on 29 Jun, using a 1 gal B & G compressed air sprayer at 30 psi and were applied to runoff. On 2 Jul, mortality was determined by collecting 4 samples from each treatment, and placing them in the greenhouse at 120°F for 30 min. Live larvae began moving immediately.
Laboratory Tests of Insecticides Against Adult Black Vine Weevil, 1983-84
Authors: Shanks Carl H. , Chamberlain Jimmie D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Strawberry or red raspberry leaves were dipped in emulsions, suspensions, or solutions of commercial formulations of insecticides. The leaves were allowed to dry and petioles were inserted into vials of water which were placed in wide-mouth 1-pt glass jars. The insides of the jars were coated near the top with Fluon to prevent the flightless weevils from crawling out. Treatments were replicated 4 or 5 times with 4 or 5 weevils/replicate. Mortality was recorded every 24 h for 4 days. Symptoms of poisoning ranged from complete absence of motion by weevils to lying on their sides and waving their legs. The latter might later die or completely recover. Therefore, all weevils displaying any of those symptoms were recorded as “dead”.
Methomyl Phytotoxicity on Silver Maple, 1984
Authors: Schreiber L. R. , Krause C. R. , Mayer J. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Lathhouse grown, 18-24 inch seedlings were tested to investigate phytotoxicity of methomyl. Plants were grown in 2 qt pots using a 2:2:1 peat:perlite:soil mix. Pots were placed on a water porous mat which limited weed growth. Each treatment had 4 replications arranged in a CRD. The chemical was sprayed to run-off with a 2 gal hand pump sprayer (25 p.s.i.) at weekly intervals from 30 Jul to 20 Aug. No additional pesticides were applied, plants were hand watered as required. Temperatures in Jul were 2.6°F below normal, and temperatures in Aug were 0.5°F above normal. Phytotoxicity was evaluated as the percent total foliar area on 24 Aug.
Phytotoxicity Test on Field-Grown Woody Ornamentals, Conn. 1982
Authors: Moore R. E. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three-year-old-field grown hemlocks (Tsuga canadensis) and 3-year-old Rhododendron ‘Nova Zembla’ were observed for foliar injury after applications of insecticides in a commercial nursery. The treated plants were located in Bloomfield, CT growing in a sandy loam with a pH of 5.7 at treatment time. Insecticides were applied on 30 Jul or 31 Aug, or on both dates. Each plot consisted of 3 plants in a row with 2 plants between plots, and plots were separated by a single buffer row. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized block. Insecticides were applied individually to each plant; the liquid formulations were mixed with 8 oz of water to facilitate disbursal of the chemical, and the granules were scattered at the drip line of each plant and then washed into the soil with 8 oz of water.
White Pine Aphid Control in Howard, Pa, 1983
Authors: Shetlar David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
White pine trees (2-2.5 m tall) were selected on 17 May near Howard, PA in Centre Co., if they contained 1-3 colonies of aphids. Most colonies were tended by Allegheny mound ants. Five treatments plus a water control (replicated 5 times in a RCB design) were applied to runoff on 19 May using a 1.5-gallon stainless steel hand-pump compression sprayer. Pre-spray and post-spray counts were made by 1 observer using a 1-minute time count.
Apple, Midsummer Test of Acaricides, 1984
Authors: Swift Fred C. , Herman Elizabeth J. , Hamilton George C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 13-year-old orchard at the Rutgers Tree Fruit Research Center, Cream Ridge, N.J. was used in a series of 3 tests. In test I acaricides were applied on 3 Jul and 13 Jul (2nd application omitted in low rate of Beta-exotoxin) to 2 replicates of Red Delicious trees; in test I acaricides were applied on 25 Jul and 1 Aug to 2 replicates of Golden Delicious; and in test HI acaricides were applied on 10 Aug to 1 replicate each of Stayman and Golden Delicious, and to 2 replicates of Red Delicious. In all tests treatments were applied to single-tree plots in a randomized complete block design. Trees were sprayed to runoff, ca. 7 gal/tree, using a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a handgun and operated at 250 psi. Mite population estimates were made by randomly picking 25 leaves from each tree, brushing mites onto glass plates, and counting motile mites. ERM days = total accumulation of mite days from first spray to last counting date. Mite days were calculated as follows: MD = MD1 + (Ml + M2)/2 Y, where MD1 = mite days already accumulated, Ml = avg ERM/leaf on a given counting date, M2 = avg ERM/leaf on the next counting date after Ml and Y = number of days between Ml and M2. Data were transformed to log x + 1 prior to analysis of variance and comparison of means. (P = 0.05; DMRT).
Twospotted Spider Mite Control, 1984
Authors: Stephenson J. C. , Holt G. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
MF-710, a combination wettable powder miticide containing 20% dienochlor, 10% fenbutatin-oxide, and 15% tetradifon, was compared with Pentac 4F for control of twospotted spider mite on roses. Foliar sprays were applied to all leaf surfaces until run-off with a CO2 pressurized sprayer (40 psi). Three single-plant replicates were arranged in a completely randomized design in a glass greenhouse. Mortality was evaluated 7 days after treatment using a Llanfair Orchard Leaf Brushing Machine and stereoscopic microscope.
Cooley Spruce Gall Adelgid Control with Carbofuran, 1984
Authors: Lanier Gerald N. , Jones Alan H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twenty-two juvenile ornamental blue spruce 2-3 m tall and 8-12 cm diam were randomly divided into treatment and control groups, however when trees were less than 8 m apart they were assigned to the same group. All trees had been transplanted to urban soils between 1980 and 1982 and all bore many dry galls caused by Adelges cooleyi. On 17 Apr each tree of the treatment group was treated with 33.6 gm Al Furdan 10G by distributing the granules (336 gm or 12 oz) in shallow trenches (ca 5 cm deep) and covering them with soil. The trees were watered only by rainfall. On 17 Aug all trees were examined. Galls produced in the current year (‘84) were removed and those produced in previous years (mostly ‘82 and ‘83) were counted.
Adult Black Vine Weevil Control, 1984
Authors: Caldwell D. L. , Kunickis E. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Taxus in 3-gal containers were sprayed on 9 Aug to the point of runoff (1 plant/treatment) witli a 1-gal hand-pump sprayer. Soil drench treatments of 1.0 and 1.5 oz/plant of Metasystox R 2EC were made in 0.5 gal of water on 16 Aug. Plants were kept outside to evaluate the residual effectiveness of insecticides under natural conditions. Black vine weevil adults, which were used in the bioassay tests, wen collected in Jul and Aug from heavily infested properties in Westerville, OH. Weevils were maintained in the laboratory under ambient room condition and fed foliage from wild grape and taxus. Sections (2-3 inches) of treated taxus foliage were placed in Telan petri dishes (3.25 inches diam). A replicati consisted of 8 weevils per petri dish. There were 5 replicates per treatment (40 weevils/treatment). The petri dishes were kept next to a window during the trials to obtain a normal photoperiod for that time of year. There was 0.7 inch of rainfall the day after the plants were sprayed.
Taxus, Black Vine Weevil Larval Control, Wayne Co., Oh. 1983-84
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Controlled release and standard granular formulations of carbofuran and bendiocarb were incorporated in potting media before planting or broadcast on the media surface after planting to evaluate their efficacy against black vine weevil larvae. Incorporation was accomplished by mixing media (peat, sand, hardwood bark, pine bark (3:2:2:3) + fertilizer) and insecticide granules in a twin-shell blender for 3 min. Immediately after mixing, the media was used to pot 2-yr-old Taxus media and intermedia in 5.7 1 (1.5 gal) containers. Plants were watered immediately after planting and every Mon, Wed, and Fri thereafter. Eighteen days after planting, 200 brown weevil eggs were placed in a depression ca. 2.5 cm beneath the media surface adjacent to roots in each container. Eggs were obtained from weevils originally collected from taxus and held with fresh taxus foliage at 18-21°C and 85 + % RH. Containers that were to receive broadcast treatments were infested, as before, 17 days after planting. Twenty-five days after inoculating containers with eggs, granules were applied to the media surface using a 5 dram glass vial with holes in the cap in a salt-shaker fashion. Containers were watered in as before. All containers were maintained outdoors until late Oct when they were moved to a greenhouse where temperatures fluctuated between 21 and 25°C. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated in early Feb by inspecting container media for mature larvae.
Taxus Spring Field Drench to Control Rlack Vine Weevil Larvae, Lake Co., Oh, 1984
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A moderately-infested block of 40-50 cm Taxus growing in well-drained old Lake Erie soil was chosen for evaluating the potential of spring drenches to kill overwintered black vine weevil larvae. A watering can was used to apply 1.9 liters of finished material to 61 by 305-cm microplots containing infested plants on 25 Apr under sunny skies at 16°C with an 8-16 kph breeze. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a completely random design. All plots were cultivated just prior to and immediately following application. Larval head capsules varied from 0.8 to 1.8 mm on the date of application. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated on 15 May by counting the number of living larvae and pupae within 20 X 20 x 20-cm root balls on the 3 middle plants within each microplot. Root balls were placed over large plastic trays with shallow sides and shaken vigorously until all soil was dislodged.
Hairy Chinch Bug Control on Home Lawns in West Virginia, 1984
Authors: Weaver Joseph E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to 2 lawns on 18 Jul (Lawn No. 1) and 14 Aug (Lawn No. 2). Plots were 10 X 10 ft replicated 3 times in a completely random design. Liquid and W formulations were applied in 1 gal of water with a sprinkler can. Granules were applied with a hand-held shaker. All plots were irrigated with 2 gal water after treatments were applied. Sampling was by flotation method using a 6-inch diam circular can. Two locations in each plot were sampled, and the total number of chinch bugs floating to the surface during a 5-min period were counted and recorded. Pretreatment populations consisted of the following stages: Lawn No. 1, instars 1-2 30.8%, instars 3-5 30.8%, adults 38.4%; Lawn No. 2, instars 1-2 91.8%, instars 3-5 0%, adults 8.2%. Total precipitation during the test period was: Lawn No. 1, 0.32 in. occurring 9 DAT; Lawn No. 2, 0.90 in. occurring 7 DAT.