bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of premedication with nasal spray esketamine on preoperative separation anxiety and postoperative emergence agitation in preschoolers undergoing general anesthesia with sevoflurane for strabismus surgery
Authors: Liu Wei , Sun Ruiqiang , Gao Xuesong , Wang Shuzhen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Study Objectives: The purpose of this study is to confirm that preoperative nasal spray esketamine administration can reduce separation anxiety in pediatric patients and can decrease the occurrence of emergence agitation in children undergoing general anesthesia with sevoflurane for strabismus surgery.Design: Randomized, double-blind clinical controlled trial.Patients: The trial included 90 children with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰand Ⅱ who underwent elective strabismus surgery.Interventions: The children were randomly divided into 3 groups: group S1, group S2, and group C, and the intervention of each group was as follows:the children in group S1 were given 0.5mg/kg esketamine by nasal spray 10 minutes before operation, the children in group S2 were received 1mg/kg esketamine by nasal spray 10 minutes before operation, the children in group C were accepted same volume of normal saline by nasal spray 10 minutes before operation.Measurements: The observation indicators of this test include Ramsay Sedation score, separation anxiety score, mask induction score and the incidences of postoperative emergence agitation. Patient's heart rate, blood oxygen, PACU stay time, and any adverse events were recorded.Main Results: The Ramsay sedation score were significantly lower in the group C than those in the S1 andS2 groups (P <0.05). The separation anxiety score and mask induction scores were significantly higher in the group C than those in the S1 andS2 groups (P <0.05).The incidences of emergence agitation in the S1 and S2 groups were significantly lower than that in the group C (P <0.05). There was no difference in the PACU stay time among the 3 groups (P >0.05). All patients had no obvious clinical complications.Conclusion: Premedication with nasal spray esketamine could reduce preoperative separation anxiety and decrease emergence agitation in preschoolers undergoing general anesthesia with sevoflurane for strabismus surgery.Trial registration: Registered number is ChiCTR2100045441. Registered 15Apr 2021,Registration website http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=125156
Effect of Date Molasses on Levetiracetam Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Rats
Authors: Dayyih Wael Abu , Layth Raghad , Hailat Mohammad , Alkhawaja Bayan , AlTamimi Lina , Zakaraya Zainab , Aburumman Aseel , Dmour Nisreen Al , Al-Matubsi Hisham , Saadh Mohamed , Aldalaen Saed 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Eighteen healthy eight-week-old male Wister rats weighing 200 g were used. Rats were chosen randomly, their tails were identified, and separated into cages/groups. The first group received 0.1 mL of levetiracetam intravenously. The second received an oral dose of 11.5 mg of levetiracetam in 5 mL of water, and the third was the control group.. One week of pre-administered date molasses significantly decreased levetiracetam pharmacokinetic parameters in rats, as Cmax (72 vs. 14 ng/mL, p = 0.01), Tmax (1.78 vs. 0.44 hr, p < 0.001), and AUC (880 vs. 258 ng.h/mL, p < 0.001). This decrease in plasma levetiracetam levels caused by date molasses could be attributed to decreased levetiracetam absorption. On the other hand, the current study discovered that rats given date molasses for a week had a reduced rate and extent of absorption. Polysaccharides in date molasses could theoretically increase the risk of epileptic seizures. When taking levetiracetam to stop epileptic seizures, doctors and patients should be told not to overdose.
A novel hemizygous CD40L mutation of X-linked hyper IgM syndromes and compound heterozygous DOCK8 mutations of Hyper IgE syndromes in two Chinese families
Authors: Zhao Fei , Liu Xiuxiang , Liu Wenmiao , Wang Fengqi , Qu Niyan , Liu Shiguo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
X-linked hyper IgM syndromes (X-HIGM) and autosomal recessive hyper IgE syndromes (HIES) are rare primary immunodeficiency diseases, characterized by recurrent infections due to the impairment in immune system. This study was aimed to investigate genotype-phenotype association and reveal the novel likely pathogenic mutations in CD40L and DOCK8 responsible to patients with X-HIGM and HIES respectively.
Methods
Whole exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify and verify the likely pathogenic mutations in the two families.
Results
A novel hemizygous mutation for CD40L in exon 2 (c.257delA) was identified in the first proband resulting in the substitution of glycine for glutamic acid at 86 codon of the protein causing the early termination of translation at downstream codon 9 (p.E86Gfs*9). Sanger sequencing verified that the variant was inherited from his mother. The second proband carried two novel compound heterozygous mutations in DOCK8, one at exon 14, c.1546C > G inherited from his father, another at exon 41, c.5355 + 6C > T(splicing) from his mother.
Conclusion
This study extends our knowledge to pathogenetic mutations spectrum of CD40L and DOCK8 which is helpful for accelerating prenatal diagnosis of X-HIGM and HIES and promoting timely treatment of patients.
Atomically-thin Single-photon Sources for Quantum Communication
Authors: Heindel Tobias , Gao Timm , von Helversen Martin , Anton-Solanas Carlos , Schneider Christian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
To date, quantum communication widely relies on attenuated lasers for secret key generation. In future quantum networks fundamental limitations resulting from their probabilistic photon distribution must be overcome by using deterministic quantum light sources. Confined excitons in monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) constitute a novel type of emitter for quantum light generation. These atomically-thin solid-state sources show appealing prospects for large-scale and low-cost device integration, meeting the demands of quantum information technologies. Here, we pioneer the practical suitability of TMDC devices in quantum communication. We employ a WSe2 monolayer single-photon source to emulate the BB84 protocol in a quantum key distribution (QKD) setup and achieve raw key rates of up to 66.95 kHz and antibunching values down to 0.034 - a performance competitive with QKD experiments using semiconductor quantum dots or color centers in diamond. Our work opens the route towards wider applications of quantum information technologies using TMDC single-photon sources.
The effects of foliar application of alginate oligosaccharide at different stage on wheat yield components
Authors: Zhao Xiaoming , Zhang Rui , Wang Wenxia , Hong Bo , Zhang Shulian , Yin Heng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the near and future climate change scenarios, agricultural meteorological disasters, such as drought, cold damage and high temperature, will occur frequently, which will seriously affect agricultural production yield. Oligosaccharides can improve crop stress resistance and protect crop growth. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) were prepared by enzymatic degradation of alginate extracted from brown algae. In order to study the growth promotion behavior of Alginate oligosaccharide on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 100mg/L aqueous solution of AOS were applied through foliar spraying at the greening stage, jointing stage and booting stage of wheat. The effects of different treatments on wheat yield and yield components were studied in Yongshou county dry farming experiment station of northwest A&F University located in the Weibei Arid Plateau of Shaanxi province. Foliar application of alginate oligosaccharides had a significant effect on the yield of tested three varieties. The effect of leaf spraying of alginate oligosaccharides on the yield of dryland wheat was greatly related to the spraying period, alginate oligosaccharide concentration and variety. The yield of wheat was significantly increased when wheat was treated with 25 mg/L and 50 mg/L, and the yield increase range was 3.21-17.51% on CH1and TM6 variety, but the yield of ZM 175 was not significantly affected．The yield of wheat was reduced when wheat was treated with 100 mg/L. Spraying 25 mg/L and 50 mg/L alginate oligosaccharide at the greening stage, jointing stage and heading stage of wheat increased the number of grains per spike and the 1000-grain weight of wheat. The spike number, the number of grains per spike and the 1000-grain weight of wheat were the main factors that formed wheat yield. Alginate oligosaccharides increased the levels of these three factors, thus increasing wheat yield.
Dust Source and Susceptibility Map in Iran and Iraq: Application of Remote Sensing and Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Pourhashemi Sima , asadi Mohamadali Zanganeh , Boroughani Mahdi , Azadi Hossein 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The dust storm is one of the major environmental problems that has affected many arid regions of the world. This research aimed to investigate the factors affecting the dust source area (DSA) and to prepare a sensitivity map in Khuzestan province in Iran and Al-Basrah and Maysan provinces in Iraq. For this research, Remote Sensing (RS) techniques and machine learning techniques, including Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS), Random Forest (RF), and Logistic Regression (LR), were used for dust source identification and susceptibility map. One hundred fifty-two DSA for a period of 2005–2020 were identified in the study area. Seventy percent of sources were selected for the Dust Source Susceptibility Mapping (DSSM) (training dataset), and thirty percent of sources were used for model validation. Consequently, six factors including soil, lithology, slope, and normalized vegetation differential index, geomorphology, and land use units were prepared as independent and effective variables on the DSA. The results of all three models indicated that land use had the most impact on the creation of DSA. The validation results of these models using the training data showed sub-curves of 0.92, 0.86, and 0.76 for the RF, MARS, and LR models, respectively. Also, the outcome showed that the RF model had the best performance in comparison with MARS (AUC = 0.89) and LR (AUC = 0.78) methods. The results showed that in all three models, high and very high susceptibility classes generally covered a large percentage of the case study. The highest percentage of dust source points was also in this susceptibility category. The results of this study can be useful for planners and managers to control and reduce the risk of negative dust consequences.
RIG-I and TLR-7/8 agonists as combination adjuvant shape unique antibody and cellular vaccine responses to seasonal influenza vaccine
Authors: Jangra Sonia , Laghlali Gabriel , Choi Angela , Rathnasinghe Raveen , Chen Yong , Yildiz Soner , Coughlan Lynda , De Geest Bruno , Garcia-Sastre Adolfo , Schotsaert Michael 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Influenza vaccine effectiveness could be improved by combination with an adjuvant with the potential to enhance the host-vaccine response both quantitatively and qualitatively. The goal of this study was to explore a RIG-I agonist (SDI-nanogel) and a TLR7/8 agonist (Imidazoquinoline (IMDQ)‐PEG‐Chol) as adjuvants, when co-administered with a licensed quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (QIV), and to determine the role of these adjuvants in directing helper T (Th) cell responses for their role in the immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching. Administration of QIV with the two adjuvants, individually or combined, resulted in enhanced HA-specific serum ELISA IgG titers, serum hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers and splenic T cell responses as examined by IFN-γ and IL-4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assays, 4-weeks post-prime and post-boost vaccination in BALB/c mice. While QIV+SDI-nanogel largely induced antigen-specific IgG1 responses, QIV+IMDQ-PEG-Chol predominantly induced IgG2a antibody isotypes post-prime vaccination, suggesting efficient induction of Th2 (IL-4) and Th1 (IFN-γ) responses, respectively. Combination of the two adjuvants not only skewed the response completely towards IgG2a, but also resulted in induction of HAI titers that outperformed groups that received single adjuvant. Moreover, enhanced IgG2a titers correlate with antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) that targets both the highly conserved H1 hemagglutination (HA) stalk domain and N1 neuraminidase (NA). A booster vaccination with QIV+IMDQ-PEG-Chol resulted in a more balanced IgG1/IgG2a response in animals primed with QIV+IMDQ-PEG-Chol but increased only IgG2a titers in animals that received the combination adjuvant during prime vaccination, suggesting that class switching events in germinal centres during the prime vaccination contribute to the outcome of booster vaccination. Importantly, IMDQ-PEG-Chol, alone or in combination, always outperformed the oil-in-water control adjuvant Addavax. Vaccine-induced antibody and T cell responses correlated with protection against lethal influenza virus infection. This study details the benefit of adjuvants that target multiple innate immune receptors to shape the host vaccine response.
Ubiquitous Superconducting Diode Effect in Superconductor Thin Films
Authors: Hou Yasen , Nichele Fabrizio , Chi Hang , Lodesani Alessandro , Wu Yingying , Ritter Markus , Haxell Daniel , Davydova Margarita , Ilić Stefan , Bergeret Sebastian , Kamra Akashdeep , Fu Liang , Lee Patrick , Moodera Jagadeesh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A superconductor exhibiting a polarity-dependent critical current is of fundamental as well as technological interest, because the superconducting (SC) layer can then admit a perfect dissipationless transmission along one direction while offering a large resistance along the opposite, leading to a phenomenon called SC diode effect or rectification. Here we demonstrate that SC diode effects are ubiquitous in superconductors and observable in a large variety of settings. Controllable via an out-of-plane magnetic field, we observe an extremely sensitive SC diode effect (type A) in superconducting vanadium or niobium stripes with symmetry breaking between their two edges. Nonreciprocity of critical current results from an out-of-plane field as small as 1 Oe, while the diode efficiency and polarity are manipulated via the strength and direction of the field. With the out-of-plane field carefully eliminated, an in-plane field also creates a sizeable asymmetry between critical currents (type B), regardless of whether this field is perpendicular or parallel to the current flow direction. Finally, we demonstrate nonreciprocal critical currents with a giant diode efficiency reaching 65% when the SC V film couples to a ferromagnetic EuS layer with in-plane magnetization orthogonal to current flow (type C) and a clear diode rectification is seen. This is also realized at zero applied field, in the remnant magnetic state of EuS. Our observations show the ubiquity of the superconducting diode effect, and pave the way for the development of versatile SC rectifiers employing simple structures using widely available materials.
Determinants of neonatal sepsis among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units in Ethiopian Hospitals: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: seyoum Kenbon , Tekalegn Yohannes , Sahiledengle Biniyam , Atlaw Daniel , Kene Chala , Geta Girma , Gomora Degefa , Ejigu Neway , Mesfin Telila , Chattu Vijay Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Sepsis is a fatal disease that occurs when the body reacts to infections by damaging its organs. Neonatal sepsis occurs in newborns less than 90 days. Several studies have identified risk factors for neonatal sepsis, but they are limited to a specific area and are inconclusive. Therefore, this study aims to determine the association between the mode of delivery, prolonged rupture of membrane, APGAR score, and neonatal sepsis in newborns who develop sepsis in Ethiopia. Methods: PubMed/Medline, Hinari, and Google Scholar, were systematically searched for eligible studies. Authors also conducted a grey literature search (e.g., Google and the digital library of Addis Ababa University). The Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) critical appraisal tools for case-control and cross-sectional studies were used to assess the quality of included articles. Both random and fixed-effect model was used to estimate the pooled odds ratio. The Cochrane Q-statistics and I2 tests assessed heterogeneity between included studies. Publication bias was assessed using Begg’s and Egger’s tests. Results: A total of 130 articles were retrieved through primary search, and 15 studies comprising 4,895 study participants were included. In this study, cesarean section delivery [odds ratio (OR:1.36,95 CI:1.05-1.76)], prolonged rupture of membrane (OR:4.03,95CI:1.88-8.60), low first minute APGAR score (OR: 3.33, 95 CI:2.42-4.58) ,low fifth minute (OR:2.72, 95 CI:2.02-3.67) APGAR score and delayed initiation of breastfeeding (OR: 3.41, 95 CI:2.18-5.36) were found to have a positive association with neonatal sepsis.Conclusion: Mode of delivery, duration of rupture of membrane, APGAR score and time of initiation of breastfeeding have a role in the occurrence of neonatal sepsis. Adhering to standard infection prevention measures and minimizing factors that lead to cesarean delivery and premature rupture of membrane may help to reduce the occurrence of neonatal sepsis. In addition, following clean resuscitation procedures and early initiation of breastfeeding is important.
Protective effect of Protocatechuic acid on Acetaminophen - induced liver toxicity in mice
Authors: Mousavi Zahra , khodayar Mohammad Javad , Bazle Mohammad Hossein , Asadmasjedi Nooshin , Abyaz Mohammad Reza 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Acetaminophen (APAP) is known as a safe drug for the relief of fever and pain at therapeutic levels. However, APAP toxicity is considered as the most general cause of acute hepatic damage. This research aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Protocatechuic acid (PCA), as an antioxidant, on the APAP-induced liver toxicity in mice.
Methods
In this regard, we treated male ICR mice with 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg PCA followed by 300 mg/kg APAP 1 h later for 7 days. By passing 24 h from the APAP administration, they were sacrificed, their Liver was dissected, and blood samples were collected for the evaluation of liver function.
Results
The results show that APAP-overdose (300mg/kg, IP) could lead to acute liver injury in mice, which is characterized by a rise in serum liver function tests (AST, ALT), pathological changes, and a decline in the antioxidant defense system. In addition, hepatic MDA levels, as the end product of lipid peroxidation, have increased, while the antioxidant enzymes such as GPX, SOD, and CAT activities have decreased in mice. In contrast, it was shown that pre-treatment with PCA could decline MDA, ALT, and AST levels and obviously attenuate the liver histological damage and the antioxidant enzymes. Finally, the results show that PCA had protective effects on the APAP-induced liver damage in mice.
Conclusions
Our studies show that hepatoprotective natural agents can be effective in APAP -liver toxicity.
Individual specialization and temporal consistency in resource use by olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea)
Authors: Petitet Roberta , Castilhos Jaqueline C. , Bugoni Leandro 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
During ontogenetic development, several types of marine vertebrates commonly switch their habitats and resources used. Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in bone collagen in lines of arrested growth in humeri of adult olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) were analysed to detect habitat use and dietary shifts over time. Adult turtles from northeastern Brazil undergo a marked ontogenetic shift at approximately 17 years old, which is within the range of estimates of age at sexual maturity, when individuals recruit from oceanic waters to coastal waters to breed. After this period, however, some individuals seem to inhabit continental shelf waters instead of returning to offshore areas. Young adults (12 to 18 years old) and older adults (19 to 23 years old) showed similar degrees of individual specialization based on both δ13C and δ15N values. Nonetheless, older adults displayed less variable carbon and nitrogen values over time than did young adults, suggesting consistent use of the same feeding grounds as the turtles age. Overall, adults form a generalist population with specialist individuals. Isotopic niches and potential prey contributions are consistent with this classification, reinforcing the high plasticity of habitat use by olive ridleys. The individual variability and variable habitats used make olive ridleys susceptible to fisheries bycatch in neritic and pelagic habitats, where shrimp trawl and pelagic longline fisheries occur, respectively. Therefore, the year-round cycle of this species indicates the need for actions to be taken in both coastal and offshore areas to reduce adult mortality and achieve effective conservation.
Outcome prediction of pediatric moyamoya disease using midterm cerebral blood flow measured between staged anastomoses
Authors: Nomura Sadahiro , Oka Fumiaki , Fujii Natsumi , Nishimoto Takuma , Ishihara Hideyuki 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Cognitive outcomes of pediatric moyamoya disease are variable and difficult to predict on the basis of initial neurological signs and examinations. To determine the best early time point for outcome prediction, we retrospectively analyzed the correlation between cognitive outcomes and the cerebrovascular reserve capacity (CRC) measured before, between, and after staged bilateral anastomoses.
Methods
Twenty-two patients aged 4–15 years were included in this study. CRC was measured before the first hemispheric surgery (preoperative CRC), 1 year after the first surgery (midterm CRC), and 1 year after the surgery on the other side (final CRC). The cognitive outcome was the Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category Scale (PCPCS) grade more than 2 years after the final surgery.
Results
The 17 patients with favorable outcomes (PCPCS grades 1 or 2) showed a preoperative CRC of 4.9% ± 11.2%, which was not better than that of the five patients with unfavorable outcomes (grade 3; 0.3% ± 8.5%, p = 0.5). The 17 patients with favorable outcomes showed a midterm CRC of 23.8% ± 15.3%, which was significantly better than that of the five patients with unfavorable outcomes (–2.5% ± 12.1%, p = 0.004). The difference was much more significant for the final CRC, which was 24.8% ± 13.1% in the patients with favorable outcomes and − 11.3% ± 6.7% in those with unfavorable outcomes (p = 0.00004).
Conclusion
Cognitive outcomes were first clearly discriminated by the CRC after the first-side unilateral anastomosis, which is the optimal early timing for prediction of individual prognosis.