bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic factors and intergenerational differences in height of Portuguese adults born in 1990: results from the EPITeen cohort
Authors: Valente Berta , Ramos Elisabete , Araújo Joana 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAverage adult height is an indicator of population health and a marker of socioeconomic inequalities. This study aimed to assess how socioeconomic differences affect intergenerational height increase between adults born in 1990 and their parents. Data from a population-based cohort of subjects born in 1990 (EPITeen) were analysed. Participants’ adult height was objectively measured. Parental height, education, and occupation were reported by the parents. The height difference between daughters and their mothers (n=707), and sons and their fathers (n=647) was calculated. A generalised linear model was used to assess the association between parental education and occupation, separately, and the intergenerational height difference, adjusted for maternal age at birth, smoking during pregnancy, birthweight adjusted for gestational age, and birth order. Females were on average 1.46cm (SD=6.62) taller than their mothers, and males 3.00cm (SD=7.26) taller than their fathers. The highest height gain was shown in those with less advantaged socioeconomic background. In the adjusted model, sons whose mothers had 0-6 years of education grew 3.9cm taller (β=3.894; 95%CI:2.345;5.443) and daughters 1.5cm taller (β=1.529; 95%CI:0.180;2.878) (compared to >12y maternal education); for paternal education, sons and daughters grew 3.5cm (β=3.480; 95%CI:1.913;5.047) and 1.9cm taller (β=1.895; 95%CI:0.526;3.265), respectively. A higher height increase was found in participants with less advantaged maternal and paternal occupational level. Adults born in 1990 are taller than their parents, and height gain was higher in males than females. Adults from a lower socioeconomic status experienced the highest height gain, suggesting a reduction in height inequality.
Disposable versus reusable fibre-optic nasendoscopes: a national survey of UK ENT surgical trainees and a single-centre cost-analysis
Authors: Jegatheeswaran L , Oungpasuk K , Choi B , Nakhoul M , Gokani S , Espehana A , Naing T , Burgan O T 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study primarily assessed ENT surgical trainees’ preferences for the qualities of disposable and reusable fibre-optic nasendoscopes. Secondary aims included eliciting trainees’ views on ENT surgery and climate change, and creating a single-centre per-use cost analysis for disposable and reusable fibre-optic nasendoscopes.MethodsA cross-sectional study was formulated. An online survey consisting of multiple-choice and Likert-scale questions was distributed nationally. Cost analysis was performed using 2021–2022 data from the host institution.ResultsTwenty-four trainees responded. Data on disposable fibre-optic nasendoscopes showed no difference in overall satisfaction (p = 0.244). Reusable fibre-optic nasendoscopes had a lower cost per use compared with disposable nasendoscopes at 5 years (4.7 per cent reduction) and 10 years (7.1 per cent reduction). Of the trainees, 79.2 per cent were supportive of climate-friendly initiatives within ENT surgery, and 25 per cent felt supported by their departments.ConclusionTrainees’ satisfaction with disposable and reusable fibre-optic nasendoscopes is similar. Cost analysis favours reusable fibre-optic nasendoscopes in the long term at the host institution. Empowering departments and trainees to pursue climate-friendly initiatives should be encouraged.
Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy: restrictive subtype with MYH7 gene mutation
Authors: Oztarhan Kazim , Senturk Beyza , Ucar Ozlem 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLeft ventricular non-compaction is a very rare, still unclassified congenital cardiomyopathy. Nine distinct subtypes of functional and anatomical left ventricular non-compaction have been identified. Studies on the prognosis and mortality of subtypes are ongoing. Our study presented the first restrictive subtype left ventricular non-compaction case with family history and MYH7 gene mutation.
Has the COVID-19 pandemic influenced suicide rates differentially according to socioeconomic indices and ethnicity? More evidence is needed globally
Authors: Webb Roger T. , John Ann , Knipe Duleeka , Bojanić Lana , Dekel Dana , Eyles Emily , Marchant Amanda , Mughal Faraz , Pirkis Jane , Schmidt Lena , Gunnell David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has harmed many people's mental health globally. Whilst the evidence generated thus far from high-income countries regarding the pandemic's impact on suicide rates is generally reassuring, we know little about its influence on this outcome in lower- and middle-income countries or among marginalised and disadvantaged people. There are some signals for concern regarding the pandemic's potentially unequal impact on suicide rates, with some of the affected demographic subgroups and regions being at elevated risk before the pandemic began. However, the evidence-base for this topic is currently sparse, and studies conducted to date have generally not taken account of pre-pandemic temporal trends. The collection of accurate, complete and comparable data on suicide rate trends in ethnic minority and low-income groups should be prioritised. The vulnerability of low-income groups will likely be exacerbated further by the current energy supply and cost-of-living crises in many countries. It is therefore crucial that reassuring messaging highlighting the stability of suicide rates during the pandemic does not lead to complacency among policymakers.
Sustained Water Storage in Horn of Africa Drylands Dominated by Seasonal Rainfall Extremes
Authors: Adloff Markus , Singer Michael Bliss , MacLeod David A. , Michaelides Katerina , Mehrnegar Nooshin , Hansford Eleanor , Funk Chris , Mitchell Daniel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRural communities in the Horn of Africa Drylands (HADs) are increasingly vulnerable to multi‐season droughts due to the strong dependence of livelihoods on seasonal rainfall. We analyzed multiple observational rainfall data sets for recent decadal trends in mean and extreme seasonal rainfall, as well as satellite‐derived terrestrial water storage and soil moisture trends arising from two key rainfall seasons across various subregions of HAD. We show that, despite decreases in total March‐April‐May rainfall, total water storage in the HAD has increased. This trend correlates strongly with seasonal totals and especially with extreme rainfall in the two dominant HAD rainy seasons between 2003 and 2016. We further show that high‐intensity October‐November‐December rainfall associated with positive Indian Ocean Dipole events lead to the largest seasonal increases in water storage that persist over multiple years. These findings suggest that developing groundwater resources in HAD could offset or mitigate the impacts of increasingly common droughts.
A Frontal Dust Storm in the Northern Hemisphere at Solar Longitude 97—An Unusual Observation by the Emirates Mars Mission
Authors: Gebhardt C. , Guha B. K. , Young R. M. B. , Wolff M. J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Emirates Mars Mission (EMM) science phase began in Martian Year 36, solar longitude 49, which is outside of the classical Mars dust storm season. EMM observed a distinct dust cloud at northern mid‐to‐high latitudes on 10 September 2021 (Martian Year 36, solar longitude 97). The dust cloud is an arc‐shaped dust storm, typically observed at the northern polar cap edge. This type of non‐season dust storm is a well‐known phenomenon, but this particular case is interesting because the dust cloud has frontal structure. A large atmospheric front is unusual in this location and season. Moreover, EMM's unique observational coverage adds value to this observation. EMM provided a sequence of four camera images, which are separated by just 2–3 hr. The dust cloud showed very little motion over 7–8 hr, that is, it is quasi‐stationary. We discuss relevant dynamical processes, supported by a consistency check with the Mars Climate Database.
Meteorological Drivers of Atmospheric Mercury Seasonality in the Temperate Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Xu Zeng , Chen Long , Zhang Yanxu , Han Guoling , Chen Qing , Chu Zhaohan , Zhang Yanping , Li Chao , Yang Yi , Wang Xuejun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMercury (Hg) is a neurotoxic pollutant that can be transported globally by atmospheric circulation and poses risks to wildlife and humans. Strong atmospheric Hg seasonality has been observed in the temperate Northern Hemisphere and explained by several hypothetical mechanisms. Here, we found that meteorological conditions were important drivers of the seasonality across diverse temperate regions particularly Asia through various indirect effects. Meteorological conditions can explain approximately 47%, 43%, and 67% of the seasonal amplitudes at the North American (NA) remote sites, European remote sites, and Asian monsoon sites, respectively. Surface air temperature, solar radiation, and surface wind collectively contributed significantly to the seasonality at the NA and European sites through vegetation resistance and oceanic evasion, while monsoon wind and precipitation promoted the summertime removal of Hg at the Asian sites through atmospheric transport and wet deposition, respectively. The findings predicted further changes in atmospheric Hg seasonality under future global warming.
Decadal Weakening of Abyssal South China Sea Circulation
Authors: Zhu Yaohua , Yao Jingxin , Li Shujiang , Xu Tengfei , Huang Rui Xin , Nie Xunwei , Pan Haidong , Wang Yonggang , Fang Yue , Wei Zexun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe global ocean mass has significantly changed during recent decades, which may induce changes in the abyssal ocean circulation. Due to the lack of in situ observations, the response of the abyssal South China Sea (SCS) circulation to ocean mass changes remains unclear. The ocean state estimate, Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO), provides the long‐term ocean mass changes in terms of ocean bottom pressure (OBP). Here we use the ECCO OBP data to quantify decadal changes in the abyssal SCS circulation and reveal a weakening trend. The OBP gradient trend manifests in forms of an anomalous anticyclonic circulation that is intensified by topographic effects along the continental slopes to reduce the existing abyssal circulation. The weakening abyssal circulation corresponds to the weakening Luzon Strait overflow that yields a decreasing vorticity budget in the abyssal SCS.
Distinct roles for CKM–Mediator in controlling Polycomb-dependent chromosomal interactions and priming genes for induction
Authors: Dimitrova Emilia , Feldmann Angelika , van der Weide Robin H. , Flach Koen D. , Lastuvkova Anna , de Wit Elzo , Klose Robert J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrecise control of gene expression underpins normal development. This relies on mechanisms that enable communication between gene promoters and other regulatory elements. In embryonic stem cells (ESCs), the cyclin-dependent kinase module Mediator complex (CKM–Mediator) has been reported to physically link gene regulatory elements to enable gene expression and also prime genes for induction during differentiation. Here, we show that CKM–Mediator contributes little to three-dimensional genome organization in ESCs, but it has a specific and essential role in controlling interactions between inactive gene regulatory elements bound by Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs). These interactions are established by the canonical PRC1 (cPRC1) complex but rely on CKM–Mediator, which facilitates binding of cPRC1 to its target sites. Importantly, through separation-of-function experiments, we reveal that this collaboration between CKM–Mediator and cPRC1 in creating long-range interactions does not function to prime genes for induction during differentiation. Instead, we discover that priming relies on an interaction-independent mechanism whereby the CKM supports core Mediator engagement with gene promoters during differentiation to enable gene activation.
Efficacy of three different budesonide treatments in Chinese preschool children with recurrent wheezing
Authors: Li Lu , Zhang Fan , Sun Ping , Zheng Jiangzhen , Chen Tingting , Huang Tao , Wang Fang , Li Ke 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo explore and compare the clinical control of three atomized inhalation budesonide (BUD) regimens for Chinese preschool children with recurrent wheezing using Test for Respiratory and Asthma Control (TRACK) scores. A total of 474 preschool children with positive Modified Asthma Predictive Index (mAPI) were randomly assigned to a daily group (initially given inhaled BUD 1 mg once a day and assessed every 4 weeks; if symptom were well controlled for 12 weeks, the dose was reduced to 25–50% of the previous dose until afinal dose of 0.25 mg once a day, maintained until 52 weeks), an intermittent high-dose group (1 mg twice daily for 7 days starting early during a predefined respiratory tract illness) and an intermittent medium-dose group (0.5 mg twice daily as soon as they contacted allergens or experienced nasal congestion, a runny nose, cough or other suspicious respiratory symptoms and continuing until symptoms were reduced or risk factors were absent for 3 days) for 52 weeks of treatment. The TRACK questionnaire was administered every 4 weeks. When TRACK scores were ≥ 80, symptoms were considered to be controlled. The average TRACK scores of the three groups after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the average TRACK scores and control rate after treatment at every 4 weeks in the three groups (P > 0.05). Te number of systemic glucocorticoid courses, urgent care visits for wheezing, and wheezing episodes before and after treatment were significantly different within each of the three groups (P < 0.001), but not among the three groups (P > 0.05). In clinical treatment of children, one of the three treatment options can be selected according to the specific situation case of mAPI- positive recurrent wheezing children.
Blinded windows and empty driver seats: The effects of automated vehicle characteristics on cyclists’ decision‐making
Authors: Bazilinskyy Pavlo , Dodou Dimitra , Eisma Yke Bauke , Vlakveld Willem , de Winter Joost 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAutomated vehicles (AVs) may feature blinded (i.e. blacked‐out) windows and external human–machine interfaces (eHMIs), and the driver may be inattentive or absent, but how these features affect cyclists is unknown. In a crowdsourcing study, participants viewed images of approaching vehicles from a cyclist's perspective and decided whether to brake. The images depicted different combinations of traditional vehicles versus AVs, eHMI presence, vehicle approach direction, driver visibility/window‐blinding, visual complexity of the surroundings, and distance to the cyclist (urgency). The results showed that the eHMI and urgency level had a strong impact on crossing decisions, whereas visual complexity had no significant influence. Blinded windows caused participants to brake for the traditional vehicle. A second crowdsourcing experiment aimed to clarify the findings of Experiment 1 by also requiring participants to detect the vehicle features. It was found that the eHMI ‘GO’ and blinded windows yielded high detection rates and that driver eye contact caused participants to continue pedalling. To conclude, blinded windows increase the probability that cyclists brake, and driver eye contact stimulates cyclists to continue cycling. Our findings, which were obtained with large international samples, may help elucidate how AVs (in which the driver may not be visible) affect cyclists’ behaviour.
A comparative study of driver torque demand prediction methods
Authors: Cavanini Luca , Ciabattoni Lucio , Ferracuti Francesco , Marchegiani Enrico , Monteriù Andrea 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe performances of energy management systems or electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles are highly dependent on the forecast of future driver torque/power request sequence that affects vehicle efficiency and economy. Since the behaviour of the driver is challenging to model/predict by first‐principles models, modern artificial intelligence algorithms would represent feasible methods for approaching this problem in real‐world automotive systems. This work provides a comparative study and analysis of performances of different data‐driven torque prediction strategies. The studied and compared torque demand prediction techniques are exponentially varying model, linear regression, shallow and deep neural networks, and least square support vector machine‐based approaches. The prediction performance and computational cost of these techniques are evaluated and reported, and the possibility of exploiting these techniques in real‐world scenarios is also discussed.
Adaptive radial basis function sliding mode control for platoons under DoS attacks
Authors: Zhang Xiaofei , Du Haiping , Jia Zhijuan , Cui Chi , Yang Yanyan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes an adaptive sliding mode control based on an auxiliary distance sensor for nonlinear platoons over vehicular ad‐hoc networks under Denial‐of‐Services (DoS) attacks and external disturbances. DoS attacks can cause packet dropping for the wireless network and will lead to the collision or degradation to adaptive cruise control of platoons. To solve this problem, an adaptive Radial Basis Function (RBF) sliding mode control method is proposed for the attacked platoons. RBF neural networks are used to approximate the unknown nonlinear part and external disturbances contained in the vehicle models. Then the adaptive sliding mode controllers are designed to achieve the control goals: the spacing error converges to zero, and the platoon maintains the string stability. The system's internal stability and string stability are proved. Numerical examples are applied to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with the existing method, the spacing error is decreased from 5.0726, 6.4637 to 0.0264 for secure distributed adaptive platooning control in PF topology and LPF topology, and the average distance is increased from 7.0580 m, 5.7442 m to 11.8498 m for secure distributed adaptive platooning control in PF topology and LPF topology to maintain a safe distance under the situation of DoS attacks.
Investigating the hot molecular core, G10.47+0.03: A pit of nitrogen-bearing complex organic molecules
Authors: Mondal Suman Kumar , Iqbal Wasim , Gorai Prasanta , Bhat Bratati , Wakelam Valentine , Das Ankan 
Published: October 2022

Context. Recent observations have shown that Nitrogen-bearing complex organic species are present in large quantities in star-forming regions. Thus, investigating the N-bearing species in a hot molecular core, such as G10.47+0.03, is crucial to understanding the molecular complexity in star-forming regions. They also allow us to investigate the chemical and physical processes that determine the many phases during the structural and chemical evolution of the source in star-forming regions.
Aims. The aim of this study is to investigate the spatial distribution and the chemical evolution states of N-bearing complex organic molecules in the hot core G10.47+0.03.
Methods. We used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) archival data of the hot molecular core G10.47+0.03. The extracted spectra were analyzed assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). LTE methods are used to estimate the column density of observed species. Furthermore, robust methods such as Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and rotational diagram methods are implemented for molecules for which multiple transitions were identified to constrain the temperature and column density. Finally, we used the Nautilus gas-grain code to simulate the nitrogen chemistry in the hot molecular core. We carried out both 0D and 1D simulations of the source. We compared the simulated abundances with observational results.
Results. We report various transitions of nitrogen-bearing species (NH2CN, HC3N, HC5N, C2H3CN, C2H5CN, and H2NCH2CN) together with some of their isotopologues and isomers. Besides this, we also report the identification of CH3CCH and one of its isotopologues. We present detailed chemical simulation results to investigate the possible N-bearing chemistry in the source.
Conclusions. In this study, various transitions of nitrogen-bearing molecules are identified and discussed. The emissions originating from vinyl cyanide, ethyl cyanide, cyanoacetylene, and cyanamide are compact, which could be explained by our astrochemical modeling. Our 0D model shows that the chemistry of certain N-bearing molecules can be very sensitive to initial local conditions such as density or dust temperature. In our 1D model, simulated higher abundances of species such as HCN, HC3N, and HC5N toward the inner shells of the source confirm the observational findings.
The Gaia-ESO Survey: Lithium measurements and new curves of growth
Authors: Franciosini E. , Randich S. , de Laverny P. , Biazzo K. , Feuillet D. K. , Frasca A. , Lind K. , Prisinzano L. , Tautvaišiene G. , Lanzafame A. C. , Smiljanic R. , Gonneau A. , Magrini L. , Pancino E. , Guiglion G. , Sacco G. G. , Sanna N. , Gilmore G. , Bonifacio P. , Jeffries R. D. , Micela G. , Prusti T. , Alfaro E. J. , Bensby T. , Bragaglia A. , François P. , Korn A. J. , Van Eck S. , Bayo A. , Bergemann M. , Carraro G. , Heiter U. , Hourihane A. , Jofré P. , Lewis J. , Martayan C. , Monaco L. , Morbidelli L. , Worley C. C. , Zaggia S. 
Published: October 2022

Context. The Gaia-ESO Survey (GES) is a large public spectroscopic survey that was carried out using the multi-object FLAMES spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope. The survey provides accurate radial velocities, stellar parameters, and elemental abundances for ~115 000 stars in all Milky Way components.
Aims. In this paper, we describe the method adopted in the final data release to derive lithium equivalent widths (EWs) and abundances.
Methods. Lithium EWs were measured using two different approaches for FGK and M-type stars, to account for the intrinsic differences in the spectra. For FGK stars, we fitted the lithium line using Gaussian components, while direct integration over a predefined interval was adopted for M-type stars. Care was taken to ensure continuity between the two regimes. Abundances were derived using a new set of homogeneous curves of growth that were derived specifically for GES, and which were measured on a synthetic spectral grid consistently with the way the EWs were measured. The derived abundances were validated by comparison with those measured by other analysis groups using different methods.
Results. Lithium EWs were measured for ~40 000 stars, and abundances could be derived for ~38 000 of them. The vast majority of the measures (80%) have been obtained for stars in open cluster fields. The remaining objects are stars in globular clusters, or field stars in the Milky Way disc, bulge, and halo.
Conclusions. The GES dataset of homogeneous lithium abundances described here will be valuable for our understanding of several processes, from stellar evolution and internal mixing in stars at different evolutionary stages to Galactic evolution.