bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profiling of seminal antioxidant indices and sperm quality in Plasmodium berghei- induced malarial mice treated with Phyllanthus amarus
Authors: Oshiegbu Williams , Elu Chinwendu O. , Onyesom Innocent 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
To evaluate the antiplasmodial activity of Phyllanthus (P.) amarus crude ethanol leaf extract and its effects on semen quality in male BALB/c mice.

Methods:
A total of 36 adult mice were divided into six groups, with 6 mice each. Five groups were infected with Plasmodium (P.) berghei, and one group was left uninfeceted. Of the five infected groups, one group was left untreated, three groups were treated with varying doses (100, 250 and 400 mg/kg) of P. amarus crude ethanol leaf extract orally for 4 days, and another group was treated with standard drug, artemether and lumefantrine (Lonart®DS). Antiplasmodial activity, seminal quality, some biochemical indices (neutral α -glucosidase, fructose, and citric acid) in seminal plasma and seminal antioxidant markers (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, and acid phosphates) were determined. The mice were euthanized 3 days post treatment and semen was collected from the caudal epididymis and processed for analysis using documented methods and procedures.

Results:
Malarial infection led to oxidative stress, causing a significant decline in seminal quality (P<0.05). However, treatment with P. amarus crude ethanol leaf extract alleviated oxidative stress and significantly improved seminal quality. The improvement was dose-dependent and compared well with the standard drug, artemether and lumefantrine (Lonart®DS) treatment.

Conclusions:
The ethanol leaf extracts of P. amarus alleviate male reproductive capacity during malaria infection in murine model by enhancing antioxidant activities.
INRA82 extender enhances semen quality in ram under cooled and cryopreserved stages
Authors: Fadl Aya M. , Abdelnaby Elshymaa A. , El-Sherbiny Hossam R. 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
To investigate the effect of INRA82 extender on ram semen quality preserved in cooled and frozen conditions in comparison with Tris-based extenders and to select the suitable extender for ram semen preservation.

Methods:
Semen samples were collected and pooled from Awassi rams (n=5) and divided into three aliquots. Each aliquot was diluted with one of the following extenders: 1) Tris-citrate glucose, 2) Tris-citrate fructose, and 3) INRA-82. For liquid storage, diluted samples were kept at 5 °C for 72 h. Progressive motility was measured at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h after cooling. Besides, viability, morphology, membrane, acrosome and DNA integrities were evaluated at 24 h post-cooling. For cryopreservation, diluted samples were cooled, equilibrated, loaded and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Thawed samples were evaluated in the same manner as cooled conditions.

Results:
Seminal characteristics were improved after cooling and thawing in samples diluted with INRA-82 compared to those diluted with Tris-citrate glucose or Tris-citrate fructose (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
Dilution of ram semen with INRA-82 improves semen parameters. Hence, INRA-82, as a stimulating diluent, can be successfully used to reserve viability and sustainability of cooled and cryopreserved ram semen.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C in Patients undergoing hemodialysis at a teaching hospital in Uttarakhand
Authors: Raina Dimple , Rawat Neha , Pandita Ajay K. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Hemodialysis (HD) requires blood exposure to infectious materials through the extracorporeal circulation for a prolonged period, and exposure to risk factors for nosocomial infections is always there.

Aims and Objectives:
To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in patients undergoing hemodialysis and evaluate the various modes of transmission involved in the causation of the infection.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 60 patients with chronic kidney disease, admitted to our hospital for HD, were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies. A questionnaire was designed to evaluate risk factors and data were generated to evaluate the significance of the association.

Results:
Out of 60 subjects, an anti-HCV antibody was detected in 31.68% of patients and 11.66% of patients were positive for HBsAg. The maximum anti-HBV-positive patients were in >60 years of age group (11.53%), whereas the maximum HCV-positive patients were between 41 and 50 age group (23.07%). Most of the HCV-positive patients (54.54%), as well as HBV-positive patients (23.52%), received hemodialysis 50 to 100 times. The major primary disease-causing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) included chronic nephritis (35%). The duration of dialysis, multiple blood transfusions, drug addiction, and body piercing/tattooing were also observed as significant risk factors.

Conclusion:
In HD patients, viral hepatitis poses a significant health hazard, particularly in developing countries. HBV vaccination, strict adherence to the universal precautions, segregation of HBV-positive patients can control HBV infection in HD units. However, for HCV, the absence of a specific vaccine and the nosocomial transmission of the virus increase the peril more.
Medical and nonmedical use of psychiatric medications among medical students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alswayed Khalid E. , Alshuaibi Salman K. , Alsayegh Hamad A. , Bin Shulhub Abdullah S. , Alsultan Rayan M. , AlKhudhair Mohammed R. , Haddad Bander A. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Psychiatric medication use has increased recently among college students. This includes antidepressants, opioids, stimulants, analgesics, sedatives, and anxiolytics, which could be self-administered without medical supervision.

Objectives:
To determine the prevalence of medical and nonmedical use of psychiatric prescription medications and its correlation with academic performance, demographic data as well as the motives for the nonmedical use.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study aims to assess the psychiatric medication use with or without prescription with the motives behind it, and demographic data of the students at medical colleges in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Results:
A total of 1268 responded to the questionnaire. 251 (20%) of the participants reported using some psychiatric medications in their lifetime, while 191 (15%) participants used some psychiatric medications in the last 12 months. Antidepressants were most used in the surveyed population 144 (57%), followed by opioids/pain relief medications 62 (24%) and anxiolytics 39 (15%). Only 44 surveyed students (3.5%) reported nonmedical use of these psychiatric medications. As for the motives of nonmedical use, the greatest portion reported to use it for “relax or relieve tension” 12 (29%), followed by “relieve pain caused by other health problems” 8 (20%), and “medication to get through the day” 6 (15%).

Conclusion:
Nonmedical use of psychiatric medications among medical students in Riyadh is several times lower than reports by other researchers. Future research should focus on collecting more participants who are using medications without prescription and conduct cross-cultural studies to examine factors contributing to such low rates of illicit psychiatric medication use.
Awareness of diabetic retinopathy among diabetes mellitus patients visiting a hospital of North India
Authors: Singh Akansha , Tripathi Alka , Kharya Pradip , Agarwal Richa 
Published: March 2022

Context:
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of visual disability leading to irreversible blindness. Awareness of diabetes and its ocular co-morbidities may help in preventing vision loss.

Aim:
To assess the awareness of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic mellitus patients visiting a hospital in North India.

Setting and Design:
Cross-sectional study conducted at an outpatient clinic of ophthalmology department of a hospital.

Materials and Methods:
An interviewer-administered, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the awareness of DR for the period from July 2020 to January 2021.

Results:
A total of 272 patients with diabetes mellitus (44.4% females and 55.5% males) were included in the study. The mean age of the study population was 53.4 ± 10 years. Of the 272 patients, 79% were aware that diabetes can affect the eyes, and 69.5% knew that DR can lead to blindness. Regarding prevention and treatment of DR, 58.1% of patients were aware that good glycemic control prevents DR and 52.6% knew that DR can be treated. Physicians were the main source of information in 47.4% of patients. The participants were not compliant with a routine retinal assessment with only 26.5% of them having previous fundus examination for DR screening.

Conclusion:
Most of the participants were aware of DR but there existed major deficits in the knowledge and behavior of diabetic patients toward management of DR. There is a need to create awareness about DR and emphasize the importance of retinal screening to reduce visual disability caused by diabetes.
The Impact of Socioeconomic Inequality on Urological Cancer
Authors: Wu Yi-Hsuan , Ke Hung-Lung , Tu Hung-Pin , Li Ching-Chia , Wu Wen-Jeng , Li Wei-Ming 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
Socioeconomic inequality may contribute to different risk factors for cancers. This study aims to analyze the socioeconomic patterns of urological cancer incidence and mortality in Taiwan.

Materials and Methods:
Using data from the National Health Insurance, we designed a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of 3686 subjects who were newly diagnosed with bladder cancer (BC), kidney cancer (KC), and upper urinary tract cancer (UTUC) between 2000 and 2010. We analyzed patients' characteristics and mortality among the three cancers.

Results:
The average age of KC diagnosis was the youngest among the cancers. Moreover, KC tends to occur in patients with higher-income occupations who reside in urban areas. Both BC and UTUC were much more prevalent in patients with less socioeconomic means and those living in rural areas. Varied comorbidities showed different distributions among urological cancers. Although the extent was most prominent in KC, both overall mortality and cancer-specific mortality of the three cancers increased every year during the follow-up period.

Conclusion:
Our results demonstrate different patient characteristics and mortality among BC, KC, and UTUC in Taiwan.
Gebelerin Pandemi Sürecinde Algıladıkları Stres ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş Düzeyleri İlişkisi
Authors: TARTICI Ebru , BEYDAĞ Kerime Derya 
Published: March 2022

Amaç: Bu araştırma, pandemi sürecinde gebelerin algıladıkları stres ve psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerini belirlemek ve her iki durunun birbiri üzerine etkisini ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı tipteki araştırma, 5 Haziran - 15 Eylül 2020 tarihleri arasında 155 gebe ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma verileri, tanıtıcı soru formu, Algılanan Stres ölçeği ve Psikolojik iyi oluş ölçeği ile elde edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Gebelerin %27.7’si pandemi sürecinde sürekli evde kaldığını, %63.2’si zorunlu olarak dışarı çıktığında her zaman endişe yaşadığını ve %94.2’si dışarı çıkarken her zaman koruyucu ekipman kullandığını belirtmiştir. Gebelerin %96.8’i pandemide ve ziyaretlerini kısıtladığını, %91.6’sı virüse yakalanmaktan korktuğunu ve %93.5’i virüsün bebeğine zarar vermesinden endişe ettiğini belirtmiştir. Gebelerin ASÖ puan ortalaması 32.53 ± 4.7 (yüksek düzeyde) ve PİOÖ puan ortalaması 41.17 ± 10.86 (yüksek düzeyde) olarak bulunmuştur. Gebelerin algıladıkları stres düzeyleri ile psikolojik iyi oluş düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki saptanmamıştır (p>0.05).
Sonuç: Gebelerin stres düzeylerinin ve psikolojik iyi oluşlarının yüksek olduğu, pandemi döneminde gebelerin biyo-psiko-sosyal yönden daha çok desteklenmesi ve bunun için gerekli düzenlemelerin yapılması önerilmektedir.
THE MODERATING EFFECT OF MOTIVATION ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEIVED SUPPORT AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT
Authors: Bastida Garry L. 
Published: March 2022

Business organizations’ success is achieved when there is the interplay of ideal perceived support, motivation, commitment between employees and employers. The purpose of the study was aimed first to determine the moderating effect of motivation on the relationship between perceived support and organizational commitment, and second, determine the relationship of perceived support, motivation, and organizational commitment among 135 State Universities and Colleges (SUC) library personnel in Mindanao. It made use of quantitative research design specifically the descriptive-correlational. An adapted and modified research instrument was used in gathering the data. Person product-moment correlation (Pearson r) was employed to determine the level of significance of the relationship between perceived support and organizational commitment when moderated by motivation. Moreover, hierarchical regression was used to analyze the moderating effect of motivation on the relationship between perceived support and organizational commitment. The findings revealed that the overall levels of perceived support, motivation, organizational commitment of library personnel were all high. Interrelationships among variables were found to be significant. Finally, the perceived support and organizational commitment relationship were not significantly moderated by motivation.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0931/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Evaluation of clinicopathological and prognostic significance of RDW in gastric cancer
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Dursun Burak , KARAYİĞİT Ahmet , DİZEN Hayrettin , ÜNAL Bülent 
Published: March 2022

Objective: We aimed to reveal possible relationships between pre-operative RDW values and clinicopathological features of gastric cancer (GC) and to evaluate its predictive impact on progression and prognosis of GC.
Material And Method: A total of 92 patients who underwent curative surgery were retrospectively included the study. GC patients were divided into two groups: high-RDW group (>14.5%, n=58) and low-RDW (
Bir eğitim araştırma hastanesinde diyabetik ayak doku biyopsi enfeksiyonlarının dört yıllık değerlendirilmesi
Authors: SAVCI Ünsal , KENDİRCİ Murat 
Published: March 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmada bölgemizde en sık görülen diyabetik ayak enfeksiyonu (DAE) etkenlerinin ve antibiyotik direnç oranlarının belirlenmesi, ayrıca DAE tedavi etkinliğinin artırılması hedeflenmiştir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Retrospektif olarak yapılan çalışmada 2018-2021 tarihleri arasında Wagner sınıflamasına göre evre 2 ve üzeri, 240 diyabetik ayak enfeksiyonu tanılı hastanın diyabetik ayak biyopsi örneklerinden izole edilen 442 bakteri ve maya dâhil edildi. Örneklerin kültürü için %5 koyun kanlı agar, eosin methylen blue agar, çikolata agar ve saboraund dextroz agar besiyerleri kullanıldı. Etkenlerin konvansiyonel metotlar ve VITEK®-2 (BioMérieux, Fransa) otomatize identifikasyon cihazı kullanılarak identifikasyonları ve antibiyotik duyarlılık testleri yapıldı.
Bulgular: Hastalardan izole edilen 442 mikroorganizma değerlendirildi. Hasta başına ortalama 1,8 patojen düşmekteydi. İzole edilen mikroorganizmalar sırasıyla; 397 Gram-negatif bakteri, 38 izolat Gram-pozitif bakteri, 7 izolat ise maya idi. En sık izole edilen Gram-negatif bakteri; Pseudomonas aeruginosa (%39,6), en sık izole izole edilen Gram-pozitif bakteri ise; Staphylococcus aureus (%3,6) idi. En etkili antibiyotikler ve duyarlılıkları sırasıyla; fosfomisin (%96,2), tigesiklin (%92,3), eritromisin (%77,4), sefotaksim (%74,7), kolistin (%73,8), sefoksitin (%69,4) ve fusidik asit (%68,8) olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Çalışmamız sonucunda DAE’ndan en sık izole edilen P. aeruginosa ve diğer Gram-negatif bakterilerin saptanmış olması ampirik tedavinin belirlenmesine katkı sağlanacaktır. Ülkemizin DAE patojen dağılımlarının ve antibiyotik dirençlerinin belirlenmesine de katkısı olacaktır. Ayrıca kültür ve antibiyogram sonuçları rehberliğinde tedavi protokollerinin daha etkili olması ve antibiyotik direnç gelişimi azaltılacaktır.
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in follicular cell-derived lesions of the thyroid: Is NIFTP benign or precancerous?
Authors: Kurtulmuş Neslihan , Tokat Fatma , Düren Mete , Kaya Hakan , Ertaş Burak , İnce Ümit 
Published: March 2022

Objective: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic factor that plays an important role in physiological and pathological angiogenesis of the thyroid. The aim of the current study was to determine the expression characteristics of VEGF in follicular cell-derived lesions of the thyroid and to assess whether a new entity noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) is precancerous.
Material and Methods: Patients diagnosed with 33 follicular adenomas (FA), 41 invasive follicular variant papillary thyroid cancer (IN-FVPTC), and 40 NIFTP in surgical resection materials were evaluated retrospectively. Immunostaining was performed on 5-μm paraffin tissue sections. The percentages of immunostaing for VEGF were evaluated on pathological materials. We used a percentage of labeled thyrocytes score (0, no labeling; 1, <30%; 2, 31-60%; 3, >60%) and an intensity score (0, no staining; 1, weak; 2, intermediate; 3, strong). The sum of two scores were accepted as the total score.
Results: Mean ages of the FA, IN-FVPTC, and NIFTP groups were 44.7 ± 11.7 years, 46.9 ± 13.6 years, 43.2 ± 15.4 years, respectively and the mean VEGF immunostaining scores were 44.7 ± 29.3, 50.2 ± 32.54, 4 ± 26.3 respectively. Although there was no statistically significant difference (p= 0.347), the total score of the NIFTPs was higher than the scores of the FA (mean= 3.9 ± 1.8) and IN-FVPTC(mean= 4.3 ± 1.9) groups with a mean value of 4.6 ± 1.7. This result was remarkable. There was no statistically significant difference between tumor diameters and staining percentages (p= 0.750).
Conclusion: Even if there were no statistical differences for VEGF immunostaining, it was high in NIFTPs. Since we know the role of VEGF in tumorigenesis, we can hypothesize that NIPTP can be precancerous. Our argue should be corroborated by a large prospective study.
Knowledge survey regarding blast wound education of student doctors at a local academic medical university in Japan
Authors: Kawano Fumiaki , Munakata Shun , Tashiro Kousei , Ikenoue Makoto , Furukawa Koji , Ochiai Hidenobu , Nakamura Kunihide , Nanashima Atsushi 
Published: March 2022

Objective: To improve knowledge about blast injury for medical student doctors or surgeons. In the modern uncertain era, education and training programs for blast injuries for medical student doctors or surgeons are recently necessary worldwide.
Material and Methods: To understand primary corresponding ability to treat blast injuries, leading to improvement of the trauma education curriculum, a retrospective study by a knowledge survey was performed between 2018 and 2019. The subject had the title of Student Doctor (SD) at university.
Results: The answers of 183 participants who answered the interview questionnaire with 16 questions were summarized. Although most SDs received basic lectures for trauma medicine and majority of SDs knew about mass casualty incidents and primary treatment, the existence of knowledge on soft targets is limited. One-fourth of the SDs knew the characteristics of blast wounds. Most SDs understood priority triage for a conscious person with massive bleeding from a limb with hemostasis to save lives. The 17% selected cardiopulmonary resuscitation first and 72% of SDs could explain hemorrhagic shock; however, only four could explain adequate hemostatic procedures. Most had no interest regarding necessity of their knowledge in the field of serious blast trauma wounds.
Conclusion: Experience in trauma surgery training from stages in SDs and authorized education are important for raising students’ knowledge of unexpected serious blast incidents.
Setting up a surgical complex gallstone service in a non-HPB unit
Authors: Mckay Siobhan , Super Jonathan , Marudanayagam Ravi , Daskalakis Markos , Nijjar Rajwinder , Isaac John , Richardson Martin , Singhal Rishi 
Published: March 2022

Objective: Complex gallstone disease is associated with a higher risk of complication during laparoscopic cholecystectomy than biliary colic and simple cholecystitis. It is traditionally managed in a hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) unit where there is expertise for common bile duct exploration and repair. We developed a mentorship scheme for a busy upper gastro-intestinal (UGI) unit, with support from a specialist HPB unit to treat complex gallstone disease, to reduce the burden on the HPB unit and enable local treatment of patients.
Material and Methods: Through the creation of a service level agreement, the specialist HPB unit were commissioned to provide mentorship for two surgeons at a large UGI unit with an interest in providing a complex gallstone service to their local population. Eight sessions of mentored operating were supported, with the provision for additional support if complications occurred.
Results: There were 14 patients included in the mentorship phase of the programme from November 2015 to May 2017. Cholecystectomies were performed on patients with previously complex histories, which included: previous cholecystostomy; CBD stones and multiple ERCPs; suspected choledochoduodenal fistula; suspected cholecystoduodenal fistula; suspected Mirrizzi’s syndrome; previous significant intra-abdominal operation; and significant medical co-morbidities. There was one post-operative complication requiring a return to theatre, and one minor wound infection associated with the complex gallstone lists.
Conclusion: We demonstrated a method to reduce the burden on specialist HPB unit for the operative management of complex gallstone disease and safely implement such a service at large UGI unit with an interest in providing a complex gallstone service.
Bütünleşik Pazarlama İletişiminden Bütünleşik Şehir Pazarlaması İletişimine Yönelik Teorik Bir Çerçeve
Authors: ERAVCI Abdullah 
Published: March 2022

Pazarlama çalışmalarında, bütünleşik pazarlama iletişiminin (BPİ) kabul görmesi ve öneminin artmasıyla şehir pazarlaması gibi yeni disiplinlere uygulanması mümkün hâle gelmiştir. Şehir pazarlamasında paydaş ve hissedarların çokluğu ile ürün çeşitliliği, tanıtım araçlarının birlikte ve ahenk içerisinde kullanılmasını gerektirmektedir. Son yıllarda pek çok araştırma ve çalışmaya rağmen şehir pazarlaması konusunda istenilen başarıya ulaşılamaması problemi yapılan mevcut çalışmaların gözden geçirilmesine ve yeni yaklaşımların incelenmesine yöneltmektedir. Pazarlamada yeni yaklaşımlardan bir tanesi de bütünleşik pazarlama iletişimidir. Şehir pazarlaması probleminin büyük ölçüde paydaş çeşitliliğine dayanması bütünleşik pazarlama iletişimini içine alan yeni bir çerçevenin oluşturulması gerektiğine işaret etmektedir. “Bütünleşik şehir pazarlaması iletişimi” şeklinde daha önce yapılmış derli toplu bir araştırmaya rastlanmamıştır.
Bu araştırmada, bütünleşik pazarlama iletişimi yaklaşımının şehir pazarlamasına uyarlanması üzerine teorik bir çerçeve oluşturulması ve oluşturulan çerçeveyle şehir pazarlaması çalışmalarına katkı sağlanması amaçlanmaktadır. Bütünleşik şehir pazarlaması iletişimi (BŞPİ) şeklinde adlandırılan bu çalışmayla tanıtım araçlarının birlikte ve uyum içinde kullanılması durumunda hem paydaşların ve hem de hedef kitlelerin zihninde net mesajların uyanacağı tasarlanmaktadır. Yöntem olarak bütünleşik pazarlama iletişimi ve şehir pazarlaması konusu üzerine literatür araştırması yapılmış ve teorik bir çerçeve oluşturulmuştur. Teorik çerçeve oluşturulurken alanda daha önce yapılmış çalışmalardan ve araştırma modellerinden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler BPİ modelinin şehre uygulanmasının şehir pazarlamasını daha etkin ve verimli kılacağı yönündedir.