bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-term Outcomes of the Use of Intraventricular Ribavirin in Filipino Patients with Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
Authors: Lukban Marissa B. , Salonga Aida M. , Pipo-Deveza Judy R. , Sanchez-Gan Benilda C. , Silao Catherine Lynne T. , Chua Annabell 
Published: May 2022

Background. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by prolonged persistent infection of the central nervous system with a measles virus mutant. Though various treatment modalities have been tried, there is no effective treatment to completely cure SSPE and new therapeutic strategies are needed.
Objective. This is a prospective uncontrolled observational open label trial to describe the short-term outcomes and safety of intraventricular ribavirin in combination with oral isoprinosine in Filipino SSPE patients.
Methods. Sixteen (16) unrelated SSPE patients between ages 3-26 years and in various clinical stages were included in this study. Demographic data were described. Intraventricular instillation of ribavirin (1-3 mg/kg/dose) through an Ommaya reservoir was given for a duration of 3-6 months in 13 patients. The duration of follow-up was 48 weeks. The clinical outcome was assessed before, during, and after treatment using the Neurological Disability Index (NDI), Brief Assessment Examination (BAE), and clinical staging using the Jabbour Classification. Adverse side effects from intraventricular ribavirin were enumerated.
Results. Six of 13 (46.15%) patients mostly in Stage III illness had clinical improvement showing decreasing NDI and BAE scores during treatment and the clinical improvement was maintained or improved further during the 48-week follow-up period. Clinical improvement manifested as improved mental alertness, decrease in spasticity and reduction of seizures. The clinical staging of those who improved remained stable during and after treatment was discontinued. Five (38.46%) patients in Stage II disease worsened and progressed to Stage III despite ribavirin therapy including 1 (7.6%) patient who died after the treatment phase due to pneumonia and brainstem failure. The clinical course of two (15.38%) patients remained unchanged. Minor adverse side effects of ribavirin included transient fever, rash, oral sores, seizure episodes, drowsiness, bladder retention and mild increase in transaminases. Ommaya reservoir infection was a serious adverse event in 5 (31.25%) patients.
Conclusion. There is still no definitive cure for SSPE. Although ribavirin may help alleviate some of the symptoms of SSPE and prolong life, it may not reverse or halt the progression of the disease. Long term follow-up of these patients and continuous use of intraventricular ribavirin will better clarify its role in modifying the fatal course of SSPE. The role of ribavirin in Stage I patients and a controlled clinical trial in Stage II SSPE needs further studies.
Association of Serum Vitamin D Levels, IL-17a Levels with Disease Severity among 3- to 18-year-old Children with Asthma in the Philippine General Hospital
Authors: Tanega-Aliling Kristine , Tuazon Alexander O. 
Published: May 2022

Background. Previous studies show that Vitamin D has an inverse relationship with asthma severity, symptoms, exacerbations, medication usage, and a direct relationship with lung function. IL-17A was found to be increased in asthmatics, which was inhibited by Vitamin D. Associations found between vitamin D, IL-17A, and asthma may support the future role of vitamin D in the treatment of asthma in children.
Objective. To compare vitamin D and IL-17A levels between children with and without asthma and determine their association with asthma severity
Study Design. Cross-sectional study
Methods. There were 44 participants, aged 3 to 18 years: 22 with asthma (12 non-severe, 10 severe) and 22 without asthma. Participants with any disease-altering vitamin D metabolism, intake of vitamin D supplementation, and recent infection were excluded. Serum vitamin D and IL-17A levels were measured in all participants.
Results. There was no significant difference in mean vitamin D levels between participants with asthma (29.6 ± 12.6 ng/mL) and without asthma (27.6 ± 9.5 ng/mL) (p = 0.55) as well as between participants with non-severe asthma (29.8 ± 14.0 ng/mL) and severe asthma (29.4 ± 11.5 ng/mL) (p = 0.95). The overall prevalence of hypovitaminosis D (< 30ng/mL) is 61.4%; 59.1% among those with asthma and 63.6% without asthma. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and/or deficiency did not significantly differ between those with and without asthma (all p-value > 0.05); prevalence ratios were: 1.05 for vitamin D insufficiency, 0.58 for vitamin deficiency, and 0.92 for vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency combined. There was also no significant difference in the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and/or deficiency between severe and non-severe asthma (all p-values > 0.05), with prevalence ratios: 0.74 for vitamin D insufficiency, 0.50 for vitamin D deficiency, and 0.75 for vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency combined. Serum IL-17A levels were below the minimum detectable levels in 96% of the participants using the MILLIPLEX Map Human TH17 Magnetic Band Panel; hence, could not be analyzed.
Conclusion. The mean serum vitamin D levels do not differ between children with asthma and healthy controls. There was no significant relationship between mean vitamin D levels and asthma severity. There was no association between the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and/or deficiency and asthma and its severity. The overall prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in this study is 61.4%. Serum IL-17A levels were undetectable in 96% of the study population.
A Comparison of Actual versus Estimated Weights among Filipino Children Using the Original and Updated Advanced Paediatric Life Support (APLS) Formulae, Mercy Method and Broselow Tape: A Prospective Study
Authors: Castor Fides Roxanne M. , Cu Jonathan S. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction. In resuscitating children, actual weight should be obtained before intervention. However, this is not always possible in the emergency setting. Identifying a simple, accurate, and precise method of weight estimation is essential in the delivery of optimal care for Filipino children seen at the emergency department.
Objectives. To evaluate and compare the accuracy and precision of different weight estimation methods in Filipino children.
Methods. A cross-sectional, single-center study was conducted among patients aged >28 days-12 years seen at the Philippine General Hospital Emergency Room. The traditional and updated Advanced Pediatric Life Support (APLS), Broselow tape, and Mercy Method were used for weight estimation. Bland Altman analysis was performed to see the mean difference and limits of agreement between actual and estimated weights of the children.
Results. Broselow tape gave the closest average weight estimate, overestimating it by 0.7 kg, followed by Mercy method at 0.955 kg higher than actual. Traditional APLS yielded 1.565 kg and the Updated APLS 3.299 kg. Mercy Method had the narrowest limit of agreement.
Conclusion. Among the four weight estimation methods, Broselow tape is the most accurate while the Mercy method is the most precise. Traditional APLS performed better than the updated APLS. Length-based methods and anthropometric surrogates proved to be more reliable than age-based formulae.
Efficacy and Safety of Prophylactic Antifungal Agents in Preventing Invasive Fungal Infection and Mortality among Infants Weighing Less than 1500 Grams: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Baltazar-Braganza Kathryn R. , Velasco-Aro Sally Jane 
Published: May 2022

Background. Preterm infants with very low birth weight are at increased risk of invasive fungal infections. Preventive strategies are needed to improve their clinical course and survival.
Objectives. To assess the efficacy and safety of antifungal agents as prophylaxis in controlling invasive fungal infection and mortality in very low birth weight (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants in neonatal intensive care units.
Methods. We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane databases, Google Scholar, Trip database, Herdin, and ClinicalTrials.gov without language restriction and publications from January 1988 to May 2021. We included randomized controlled trials or controlled clinical trials that compared the effect of prophylactic oral or systemic antifungal agents versus placebo in preterm infants < 37 weeks age of gestation and with birth weight lower than 1500 grams. We conducted a meta-analysis using RevMan 5.4.1 and certainty of evidence rating using GRADEpro software.
Results. A total of 14 studies (including 3,001 preterm infants with VLBW) were included. We found that prophylactic use of nystatin significantly reduced the incidence of invasive fungal infections (IFI) (pooled RR 0.16; 95% CI 0.11, 0.23; 4 RCTs, N = 1295; P < 0.00001; moderate certainty evidence) in preterm infants compared to placebo but had no significant effect on the mortality (RR 0.87; 95% CI 0.62, 1.23; 4 RCTs, N = 1295; P = 0.43; low certainty evidence). Similarly, fluconazole decreased the incidence of IFI (RR 0.38; 95% CI 0.28, 0.53; P = 0.02) and showed statistically significant reduction in mortality (RR 0.78; 95% CI 0.61, 0.99; RCTs, N = 1484; P = 0.04; high certainty evidence). The comparison of the two antifungals showed a trend favoring fluconazole, however the difference was not statistically significant in decreasing IFI (RR 1.60; 95% CI 0.68, 3.77; P = 0.28) and mortality (RR 1.62; 95% CI 0.76, 3.45; P = 0.21).
Conclusion. Administration of antifungal prophylaxis proves to be beneficial and can probably decrease invasive fungal infection and mortality. The evidence showed that Fluconazole is superior as antifungal prophylaxis compared to placebo while there is no significant difference between fluconazole and nystatin in decreasing fungal infection and mortality among preterm neonates.
Influence Of Procurement Best Practices On Performance Of Nca Registered Building Projects In Nairobi City County, Kenya
Authors: Osoro Marjorie Ongocha , Ndeto Charles 
Published: May 2022

Purpose: The study aimed at establishing how reverse logistics management, supply chain outsourcing, strategic collaborations, and supply chain benchmarking influence the performance of NCA registered building projects
Methodology: To achieve this, the researcher reviewed both theoretical and empirical literature and proposed the research methodology that addressed the gaps identified in the literature as well as answered the stipulated research questions. A descriptive survey design was adopted by the study. A total of 289 commercial building projects registered by National Construction Authority in Nairobi City County was the target population, as shown in NCA (2020) directory. Using Kothari (2015) sample size formula, the study got 167 commercial building projects. This study used simple random sampling to get the firms. The study preferred this method because it allowed an in-depth study of the subject. To gather data, structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Once collected, data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Quantitative data was analysed using multiple regression analysis. The qualitative data generated was analyzed by use of the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21
Results and conclusion: The current study obtained an R2 of 64.7% and should therefore be expanded further in futhe ture in order to include other procurement best practices that may as well have a positive significance to the performance of NCA registered build projects.The findings of the study indicated that reverse logistics management, supply chain outsourcing, strategic collaborations and supply chain benchmarking have a positive relationship with performance of NCA registered building projects in Kenya.
Policy recommendation: the study recommended that institutions should embrace procurement best practices so as to improve performance and furtherresearchs should to be carried out in other institutions to find out if the same results can be obtained
BEST PRACTICES IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Authors: W.S Paidi , Umam Akhmad Hairul 
Published: May 2022

Running the trading or business in general is aimed at gaining the long-term profit. However, the trading made merely to earn profit without taking into account the service as well as the consumers’ satisfaction will not be sustainable. The objective of this research is to socialize the business in the manner applied by the Prophet Rasulullah Shollallahu’alaihi Wassalam. The research method is analytic descriptive. Data or information obtained is sourced from the books, journals and various sources relevant to this journal topic. In running the business, Rasulullah always upholds the honesty, ethic, has never reduced the scale and size, free of riba (usury), does not practice the monopoly, is consistent in maintaining the mandate, is tolerant and pays the wages of his assistants before their sweats are dry as well as pays attention to the customers’ satisfaction. The smart Rasulullah SAW in running the business always focuses on the market shares he masters in. He is able to penetrate the new market, and very superior in conquering the hearts of the customers who will buy and use the goods he traded.
Pengaruh Potongan Harga, Promosi Penjualan dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen Pada Guardian Grand
Authors: Iswati Nur , Rustam Triana Ananda 
Published: May 2022

Dalam perputaran era yang semakin modern, membuat pelaku bisnis meningkatkan daya persaingan dalam bisnis. Salah satu pelaku bisnis yaitu Guardian merupakan ritel farmasi yang bergerak di bidang kesehatan dan kecantikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini supaya dapat menemukan pengaruh potongan harga, promosi penjualan, dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan konsumen pada Guardian Grand Batam Mall. Teknik sampel yang dipakai ialah simple random sampling dimana menggunakan penyebaran kusioner ke 204 responden yaitu pengunjung yang berbelanja ke Guardian Grand Batam Mall. Analisis yang digunakan analisis regresi linier berganda dengan SPSS 25. Penelitian menghasilkan tingkat signifikan potongan harga sebesar 0,006 < 0,05, promosi penjualan menghasilkan tingkat signifikan 0,000 < 0,05, dan kualitas pelayanan tingkat signifikannya 0,000 < 0,05 yang berarti nilai signifikan ketiga variabel berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan konsumen. Dan berpengaruh simultan potongan harga, promosi penjualan, dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan konsumen.
Kata kunci: Potongan Harga, Promosi Penjualan, Kualitas Pelayanan, Kepuasan Konsumen
APLIKASI MESIN PENGIRIS DAN MODIFIKASI KEMASAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKSI DAN DAYA JUAL KERIPIK PISANG DI DESA WINONGAN KABUPATEN PASURUAN
Authors: Pamungkas Edy Tya Gullit Duta , Hadinata Refrian , Utomo Eko Budi 
Published: May 2022

UKM keripik pisang â€œMulyoâ€ belum mampu untuk memenuhi permintaan dikarenakan terbatasnya produktivitas akibat penggunaan alat irisan tangan dan sulit mengembangkan pasar. Solusi yang diusulkan yaitu aplikasi mesin pengiris dengan hasil irisan memanjang dan modifikasi dengan kemasan dengan penambahan informasi wisata. Tujuan penelitian yaitu meningkatan produktivitas dan ketertarikan calon konsumen sekaligus memperkenalkan kembali wisata di Kecamatan Winongan. Evaluasi kinerja mesin pengiris dengan indikator produktivitas, efisiensi pengirisan, kerusakan dan ketebalan irisan. Evaluasi desain kemasan menggunakan metode kuisioner dengan skala likert. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan produktivitas dan tidak merusak mutu irisan yang diharapkan. Desain kemasan dengan informasi wisata dinilai menarik oleh responden sehingga memiliki potensi untuk menambah pasar baru.

Kata Kunci: Mesin Pengiris, Desain Kemasan, Pariwisata
Pengaruh Serat Agave Sisal Terhadap Kekuatan Impak dan Tekan Komposit Nilon Termoplastik Gliserol
Authors: Susanto Riswan Eko Wahyu , Maskuri Maskuri , Arif Saiful 
Published: May 2022

Komposit SINIROL merupakan komposit berbahan serat sisal matriksnya nilon dan gliserol, yang diperoleh dari perbandingan komposisi kompositnya. SINIROL ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat dan diaplikasikan sebaga material baru sebagai bahan alternatif, seperti gibsum sebagai penyangga tulang patah, polimer sintetis sebagai pelindung kepala, dan juga bisa difungsikan guna peralatan-peralatan kedokteran yang lain. Dalam metode penelitian ini komposisi komposit SINIROL dengan serat sisal sebesar 20%, 30%, dan 40% (m/v), dalam continues undirectional. Dengan perbandingan Nilon Termoplastik (gr) dan gliserol (mL) sebesar (1:0,3). Mesin uji impak Impact Tester (Hung-Ta) dengan spesimen impak ASTM D6110-10 dan uji tekan menggunakan Universal Testing Machine (UTM WDW-20) dengan spesimen tekan ASTM D695-15. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kekuatan Impak dan tekan tertinggi komposit SINIROL pada komposisi sisal 30% masing-masing besarnya 0,954 Joule/mm2 dan 104,16 N/mm2 , sedangkan pada komposisi persentase yang lain mengalami penurunan kekuatan. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa dengan bertambahnya serat sisal maka kekuatan impak dan kekuatan tekannya meningkat, akan tetapi jika melampaui nilai optimunya, kekuatannya menurun.Penurunan tersebut disebabkan ikatan antara matriks dan fillernya yang rendah serta dimungkinkan terjadinya mikroporositas disebabkan residual stress. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan serat sisal berpengaruh terhadap kekuatan impak dan kekuatan tekan komposit SINIROL.
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Kata Kunci: Gliserol, Kekuatan Impak, Kekuatan Tekan, Nilon Termoplastik, Serat Agave Sisal
Pengaruh Penentuan Domain, Fungsi Keanggotaan Dan Rule Dalam Membangun Sistem Fuzzy
Authors: Ummah Imamatul , Yannuansa Nanndo , Mufarrihah Iftitaahul 
Published: May 2022

Setiap tahapan dalam membangun sistem fuzzy mempengaruhi hasil output. Tahapan dasar yang sering kali menimbulkan pertanyaan adalah tahapan fuzzyfication dan inference. Tahapan fuzzyfication yang paling penting adalah menentukan batasan domain dan fungsi keanggotaan pada setiap himpunan variabel. Tahapan inference yaitu membentuk rule dengan aturan if --- then, untuk membentuk rule dilakukan dengan mengkombinasi setiap himpunan variabel. Namun, berapa rule yang harus digunakan tidak ada aturan secara umum. Itu semua berdasarkan para pakar. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini dilakukan beberapa percobaan dengan melakukan perbedaan dalam penentuan batas domain, fungsi keanggotaan dan jumlah rule yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, nilai error yang paling kecil ditunjukkan pada batasan domain yang lebih sempit dengan fungsi keanggotaan segitiga dan jumlah rule 288 berdasarkan kombinasi dari setiap himpunan variabel.

Kata Kunci: sistem fuzzy; domain; fungsi keanggotaan; rule
Investigating Oral Capability and Total Immersion Program at EFL Classroom
Authors: Hanafi Muhammad , Sadapotto Andi 
Published: May 2022

The aims of this article is to describe that total immersion program in teaching English can improve students oral capability. This article is made from research result which used pre-test and post-test design. The population of the article is the ninth grade of SMP Negeri 3 Panca Rijang there are two classes. The writer applied random technique that took one of the two classes and sample of this article was IX.2 class with 20 students. The instrument of this article was speaking test which would be administered in pre-test and post-test. The pre-test would be used to find the prior knowledge of oral capability, while post-test would be used to find oral capability achievement after treatment is given. The result of this article showed that total immersion program was effective to improve oral capability at the ninth grade of SMP Negeri 3 Panca Rijang especially IX.2 class. It could be proved from their mean score in post-test (56.95) was higher than their mean score in pre-test (48.50), and the t-test value (10.934) was greater than t-table (a = 0.05; df= 9; t table = 2.262, this means that H1 was accepted.
Teacher’s Understanding and Practice on Implementing Higher Oder Thinking Skills (HOTS) in EFL Classroom
Authors: Rasyid Nurul Insani , Atmowardoyo Haryanto , Rahman Qashas 
Published: May 2022

This study focuses on Teacher’s understanding and practice on Implementation Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in speaking classroom. The study aims to find out the result of (1) the teacher’s understanding and practice about the concept of Higher Order Thinking Skills on implementing HOTS in EFL classroom, (2) students’ response about Implementing Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in EFL classroom. The method of the research uses qualitative descriptive. The study is conducted at SMP Telkom Makassar. The subjects of this study are 32 respondents. In collecting data, the research uses Questionnaire and Observation. In technique data analysis uses three steps namely Data collection, Data reduction and data display. The result of the study shows that (1) the teacher understands and practice about the implementation of Higher Order Thinking skills is minimum. The result showed that the teacher has minimal understanding and practice about the concept of higher order thinking skills (HOTS) on implementing HOTS in EFL classroom. Teacher still confused about what is mean by the definition of HOTS. The teacher was mentioned the HOTS as learning method, not an ability that the students have to master it. (2) Based on the research that, students’ response about implementing HOTS in teaching classroom were still low. Some students tended to be more silent then showing their response or their opinion.
The Benefaction of EFL Teacher Communication Skills on Students’ Oral Communication Performance in Online Class
Authors: Aeni Nur , Muthmainnah Muthmainnah , Panggua Selvi 
Published: May 2022

Nowadays, 4.0 Education 4.0 is a new paradigm in educational context in which it focuses on the innovation and maximizes the use of information, internet, and technology. Teacher has some essential roles in the classroom. One of those roles is teacher as a facilitator and communicator. Teachers facilitate the students in the classroom. They help them in conducting the teaching and learning process. Teachers talk to the students during the activities in the classroom. It is important to know whether the teacher applies the communication skills properly in the classroom or not; and the students’ perception about the teachers’ communication skills contribution on their speaking performance. This study applied qualitative method. The data were collected by observation, questionnaire, and interview. The researcher collected, analyzed and interpreted a variety of data to reveal the kinds of communication skills that were used by the lecturer in the class, and then found the students’ perception about the lecturer communication skills toward their oral communication performance. The data resources were the lecturers’ verbal and non-verbal communication applied in the classroom. The sources of the data based on the observation taken from one English lecturer in public university and one of English lecturer in private university. In addition, the interview taken from students of those lecturers. The non-verbal communication skills that were applied by the teachers. Each communication skill applied by the teacher had effect on students’ oral communication performance, whether it was directly or indirectly effective on students’ oral communication performance. Not all verbal communication could be effective directly on the students’ oral communication performance or not all non-verbal communication skills could be effective on the students’ oral communication performance.