bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congenital systemic chondrodysplasia in a white lion (Panthera leo)
Authors: Kutara Kenji , Kadekaru Sho , Sugisawa Reiko , Saito Fumiyo , Une Yumi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe death of a 6‐month‐old, male, white lion with micrognathia and short, thick limbs in a zoo prompted postmortem whole‐body computed tomography and head magnetic resonance imaging to be performed. Computed tomography revealed malformation of all bones. The metaphyses of the long bones were enlarged and showed fraying and cupping. Moreover, magnetic resonance imaging revealed abnormal bone tissue with reduced bone density, severe bilateral compression of the spinal cord from the stomach up to the level of the atlas and herniation of the cerebellar vermis. Histopathological examination revealed that the metaphyses of all long bones were enlarged and replaced with cartilage; however, the structure of the joints was maintained. This report presents the first case of congenital systemic chondrodysplasia identified by postmortem examination and imaging in a lion.
Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects
Authors: Schmalenbach Kirsten 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFor obvious reasons, space activities are generally classed as ultra-hazardous endeavours, i.e. they are inherently dangerous, not only for the various vehicles leaving the Earth atmosphere, but also the cargo such vehicles carry, be it human or otherwise. Additionally, space activities generate environmental risks in outer space that can, at times, impact the Earth as what goes up, must inevitably come down. The hazards of spaceflight come from multiple sources, including, but not limited to, the technology used (e.g. nuclear power sources) and the hostile nature of outer space which is difficult to reach, difficult to survive in and difficult to return from. This inherent danger has been tragically highlighted not only by the shuttle disasters involving Challenger (1986) and Columbia (2003) but also by the vast field of radioactive debris left in Canada after the uncontrolled re-entry of the Soviet satellite Cosmos 954 in 1977. The latter accident exemplifies that ultra-hazardous activities require liability rules because when something goes wrong, the consequences can be significant for any injured parties.
Functions and Objectives of Corporate Liability for Transboundary Environmental Harm
Authors: Gailhofer Peter 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe goal of this chapter is to understand the functions and objectives of environmental liability law. This task requires going beyond the traditional perspective of the judge or the lawyer to a certain extent, as these roles are usually concerned with the restitution of or compensation for environmental damage that has already occurred, a repressive perspective which is typically contrasted with the preventive function of environmental liability. In line with the latter function, liability law can be considered as a regulatory approach to cope with environmental problems and thus as a complement or alternative to other instruments of international law which are designed to minimise or eliminate environmental risks.
National Civil Liability and Transboundary Environmental Damage
Authors: Gailhofer Peter 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHaving discussed the regulatory objectives and functions of international environmental liability (Chap.2) and the international obligations of private and public actors alike to prevent and redress environmental harm (Chaps.3and4), this and the next chapter’s point of departure is the complementary perspective of domestic law and international law on corporations’ civil liability for transnational environmental damage.
Environmental Due Diligence Obligations in Home State Law with Regard to Transnational Value Chains
Authors: Krebs David 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe following chapter takes a closer look at transboundary environmental harm caused by business operations in the context of transnational value chains. Here, the transboundary character does not necessarily result from the environmental harm’s course but rather from transboundary economic causal links via transnational value chains. Consequently, the situations considered in this chapter are generally those categorised as one of the ‘type-two cases’ detailed in the previous chapter.
Geoengineering: Methods, Associated Risks and International Liability
Authors: Proelss Alexander , Steenkamp Robert C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractClimate change arguably constitutes one of the greatest risks to the long-term health of the world’s environment. In 2015, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) highlighted that the Earth’s climate system has consistently been warming since the 1950s and that a “large fraction of anthropogenic climate change resulting from CO2emissions is irreversible on a multi-century to millennial time scale, except in the case of a large net removal of CO2from the atmosphere over a sustained period”. Initial responses to climate change revolved around States attempting to reduce, rather than remove, greenhouse gas emissions. However, as the global economy expands, greenhouse gas emissions have continued to rise and cooperative arrangements aimed at reducing emissions have had limited, if any, impact. If recent predictions are to be believed, the remaining “carbon budget” needed to prevent average global temperatures from increasing by more than 1.5 °C may be exhausted by 2030. Climate Analytics estimates that the current Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) made by States under the Paris Agreement indicate that average global temperatures will rise by 2.8 °C by 2100—almost double the stipulated efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels mentioned in Article 2(1)(a) of the Paris Agreement. The recent IPCC Special Report on 1.5 °C Global Warming concludes that without “increased and urgent mitigation ambition in the coming years, leading to a sharp decline in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, global warming will [cause] irreversible loss of the most fragile ecosystems and crisis after crisis for the most vulnerable people and societies”.
Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos
Authors: Ramirez Amelie G. , Trapido Edward J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCancer is the second leading cause of death among non-Hispanic white (NHW) men and women in the United States—but is the leading cause of death among Latinos (American Cancer Society, Cancer facts and figures for Hispanics/Latinos 2018–2020. American Cancer Society, Inc., Atlanta, 2018). The US Latino population was 60.6 million in 2019, as one of the largest, youngest, and fastest growing minority groups in the United States, its population will nearly double by 2060, making up 27.5% of the projected US population (Vespa et al., Demographic turning points for the United States: population projections for 2020 to 2060. U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC. Report No.: P25-1144. https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2020/demo/p25-1144.html. Accessed 25 Aug 2021, 2020; Noe-Bustamante et al., Hispanic population surpassed 60 million in 2019, but growth has slowed. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/07/07/u-s-hispanic-population-surpassed-60-million-in-2019-but-growth-has-slowed/. Accessed 28 Aug 2021, 2020). Thus, advancing the science of cancer in Latinos has become an imperative for the nation, as Latinos will contribute a significant portion to its future cancer burden.
A Strength-Based Approach to Cancer Prevention in Latinxs
Authors: Torrez-Ruiz Marisa S. , Soto Sandra , Lopez Nanette V. , Arredondo Elva M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs Latinxs become exposed to US culture, their risk for many chronic diseases increases, including the risk of cancer. On average, less acculturated Latinxs consume more nutrient-dense foods including fruits, vegetables, and whole grains; they are also more active than their US counterparts because they use active transportation. Cultural and behavioral patterns of recent immigrants may prove to be protective; these patterns are based on the Latinx values of collectivism, familismo, and personalismo. As generational status in the United States increases, positive health behaviors related to dietary intake and activity diminish. Interventions that reinforce these practices may mitigate the negative effects of the acculturation process by capitalizing on behaviors that are protective against the risk of cancer. Traditional Latinx cultural values can be integrated into public health practice and intervention, preserving traditional Latinx practices that are protective and promote positive health outcomes. The integration of cultural beliefs and values into research studies will increase relevancy for Latinx participants and contribute to compliance and long-term participation for improved population health.
Overcoming Clinical Research Disparities by Advancing Inclusive Research
Authors: Gonzales Melissa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAchieving personalized healthcare for all people, including the most vulnerable Hispanic communities, may appear to be an insurmountable task or an impossible reality. Biotech pioneer and thought leader Genentech, a member of the Roche Group, has taken deliberate and strategic steps toward reaching this goal. Strategic priorities for this effort include developing policies focused on inclusive practices, increasing the amount of genomic data and scientific insights from underrepresented populations, and leveraging partner relationships to develop actionable strategies to increase clinical research participation. Through collaboration with the broader healthcare ecosystem, progress can be made to help remove systemic barriers for communities of color and build a future of precision medicine.
The Road to Cervical Cancer Elimination
Authors: Giuliano Anna R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn estimated 34,800 cancers in the United States were caused by HPV between 2012 and 2016. Among those cancers (cervical, vulvar, vaginal, anal, oropharyngeal, and penile), the overwhelming majority can be prevented with vaccination and cervical cancer screening and treatment. While the incidence of cervical cancer has significantly declined in all populations in the United States since 1975, Hispanic women continue to have significantly higher rates of cervical cancer than non-Hispanic White and Black women. In 2018, the director of the WHO announced his call to action for the global elimination of cervical cancer which is defined as an incidence of <4/100,000. Mathematical models indicate that the United States can achieve the goal of cervical cancer elimination (reducing incidence from ~7/100,000 to <4/100,000) by 2030 if we meet the goals set for the country for both vaccination and screening/treatment. The fastest way to achieve the goal is to ensure that all age-eligible women follow cervical cancer screening guidelines, which are for 93% of females to be screened for cervical cancer. Currently only 80% of women follow this recommendation, with lower percentages among Hispanic women (70–78%). Of concern, the percentage of women following screening recommendations appears to be on the decline in the United States. While the rate of HPV vaccination coverage is far below the national goal of 80%, overall Hispanic adolescents have higher vaccine coverage (56.6%) compared to non-Hispanic White (47.8%) and Black (53.3%) adolescents. There is a need to communicate the HPV vaccine’s effectiveness to increase its acceptance, and there is also an ongoing need to promote cervical cancer screening. In addition, providers must consistently deliver strong and linguistically/culturally relevant recommendations for both vaccination and screening.
Cancer Care Delivery Among Breast Cancer Patients: Is it the Same for All?
Authors: Malinowski Catalina , Chavez Mac Gregor Mariana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAmong Hispanic women, breast cancer is the most common cancer accounting for close to 30% of the total cancer cases. It is estimated that in 2018 alone, 24,000 Hispanics were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. Of significant importance is that breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death (16%) among Hispanic women, with over 3000 patients dying in 2018 secondary to this disease.Despite the decrease in breast cancer mortality rates seen in recent years, the magnitude of that decrease among Hispanics is lower compared to the decrease seen among non-Hispanic White women (1.1% per year vs 1.8% per year). Potential contributing factors associated with this phenomenon include the fact that Hispanics are more likely to be diagnosed with more advanced stages and to have tumors with aggressive biology. In addition, sociodemographic factors and difficulty accessing medical care are likely to play an important role. It has been described that Hispanic women are less likely that non-Hispanic Whites to receive appropriate and timely breast cancer treatment. In this chapter, we will review the complexities of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. We will briefly review some of the challenges in cancer care delivery that Hispanics experience and will review data describing the detrimental impact that treatment delays can have among minorities and some of the unique challenges that Hispanics experience.
Genetic Ancestry and Breast Cancer Subtypes in Hispanic/Latina Women
Authors: Tamayo Lizeth I. , Day-Friedland Elam , Zavala Valentina A. , Marker Katie M. , Fejerman Laura 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common cancer among US Hispanics/Latinas; however, Hispanic/Latina women in the United States have historically shown a relatively low breast cancer incidence compared to non-Hispanic White or African American/Black women. Hispanics/Latinos are genetically diverse, with varying proportions of European, Indigenous American, African, and to a lesser extent, Asian continental genetic ancestry. This heterogeneous group has often been treated as a monolithic unit in cancer epidemiology, due to small sample sizes and the concomitant limitations in statistical power. Only a few breast cancer studies including Hispanics/Latinas have analyzed the correlation between individual genetic ancestry proportion and tumor subtype. Most of these studies were unable to provide conclusive evidence due to the reduced number of patients with available tumor subtype information (either from immunohistochemical markers or gene expression data). This chapter provides a brief description of results reported from breast cancer studies including US Hispanic/Latina or Latin American patients assessing the association/correlation between genetic ancestry and breast cancer subtype. Also discussed are possible explanations for reported findings and a perspective on how further studies could lead to more precise tumor subtype-specific risk assessment, treatment efficacy, and outcome prognosis in US Hispanics/Latinas and Latin American women.
Functionality
Authors: Heikkilä Riie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the second out of three discourses found in the data. Within this ‘functionality discourse’, there is mainly popular and everyday participation. This discourse emphasises the practical usefulness of cultural practices: it is an area of personal ‘feelgood’. The functionality discourse is marked by a link between cultural participation and the structuring factors of life. At the same time, cultural participation is rarely conceived of as culturally distinctive. There is an emphasis on modesty, but the boundaries drawn are aesthetical and directed upwards towards impractical cultural practices. In other words, in the functionality discourse, there are delicate traces of anti-elitism. This indifferent and self-assured attitude towards cultural participation that characterises the functionality discourse could be considered a version of egalitarianism.
Flipped Voltage Follower-Based Voltage Conveyors: Investigation and Possible Enhancements
Authors: Psychalinos Costas , Yesil Abdullah , Minaei Shahram , Bertsias Panagiotis 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSecond-generation voltage conveyor structures, based on the employment of flipped voltage follower stages, are investigated and proposed in this work. The proposed core has the feature of offering extremely low or electronically adjustable input resistance and programmable outputs, enhancing the achieved design flexibility and versatility of this active cell. Two design examples are presented in this work, including a multi-phase sinusoidal oscillator topology and an electronically adjustable first-order low-pass filter, both supported by simulation and experimental results.
Schnellschnittdiagnostik bei Tumoren des Trigonum submandibulare
Authors: Riemann S. , Knopf A. 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Diagnostik und Therapie von submandibulär gelegenen Läsionen ist eine Herausforderung. Die häufig vorkommenden Karzinome sollten hinreichend sicher operativ entfernt und gleichsam funktionelle Strukturen zuverlässig geschützt werden. Insbesondere der Erhalt neuronaler Strukturen bei gleichzeitiger Tumorkontrolle lässt einzeitige Konzepte zweckdienlich erscheinen, wenngleich diese nicht hinreichend etabliert sind. Ziel der Studie war die Beurteilung der intraoperativen Schnellschnittdiagnostik als mögliche Grundlage eines einzeitigen chirurgischen Therapiekonzepts und somit die Verhinderung funktioneller Alterationen durch Reoperationen.

Methoden
Es wurden 114 konsekutive Patient*innen in die Studie eingeschlossen, bei denen nach der HNO-Spiegeluntersuchung und bildgebender Diagnostik die Artigkeit der Läsion nicht zugeordnet werden konnte. Patient*innen mit bekanntem Karzinom in der Vorgeschichte oder Hinweis auf eine akut entzündliche/karzinogene Primärläsion in der HNO- und/oder bildgebenden Untersuchung wurden ausgeschlossen. Es wurde eine intraoperative Schnellschnittdiagnostik mit der Fragestellung nach Vorliegen eines Karzinoms durchgeführt. Patient*innenbezogene Daten sowie die Zuverlässigkeit des Schnellschnittergebnisses wurden vergleichend erfasst.

Ergebnisse
Bei insgesamt 114 Patient*innen wurde ein intraoperativer Schnellschnitt durchgeführt. Karzinome wurden mit einer Sensitivität von 87 % und einer Spezifität von 100 % diagnostiziert. Die durchgeführte Diagnostik hätte somit dazu geführt, dass in einem einzeitigen Konzept kein Patient unnötig radikal operiert worden wäre. Bei 26 von 30 Patient*innen hätte ein Zweiteingriff vermieden werden können.

Schlussfolgerung
Die intraoperative Schnellschnittdiagnostik stellt potenziell eine wichtige Methode dar, um Karzinome histologisch zu bestätigen und zweizeitige Vorgehen zu vermeiden. Das Fehlen falsch-positiver Befunde hätte ein unerwünscht radikales Vorgehen bei 100 % der Patient*innen verhindert.
Random Cluster Model on Regular Graphs
Authors: Bencs Ferenc , Borbényi Márton , Csikvári Péter 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFor a graph $$G=(V,E)$$

G
=
(
V
,
E
)

with v(G) vertices the partition function of the random cluster model is defined by $$\begin{aligned} Z_G(q,w)=\sum _{A\subseteq E(G)}q^{k(A)}w^{|A|}, \end{aligned}$$

Z
G

(
q
,
w
)

=

∑

A
⊆
E
(
G
)

q

k
(
A
)

w

|
A
|

,

where k(A) denotes the number of connected components of the graph (V, A). Furthermore, let g(G) denote the girth of the graph G, that is, the length of the shortest cycle. In this paper we show that if $$(G_n)_n$$

(

G
n

)

n

is a sequence of d-regular graphs such that the girth $$g(G_n)\rightarrow \infty $$

g
(

G
n

)
→
∞

, then the limit $$\begin{aligned} \lim _{n\rightarrow \infty } \frac{1}{v(G_n)}\ln Z_{G_n}(q,w)=\ln \Phi _{d,q,w} \end{aligned}$$

lim

n
→
∞

1

v
(

G
n

)

ln

Z

G
n

(
q
,
w
)

=
ln

Φ

d
,
q
,
w

exists if $$q\ge 2$$

q
≥
2

and $$w\ge 0$$

w
≥
0

. The quantity $$\Phi _{d,q,w}$$

Φ

d
,
q
,
w

can be computed as follows. Let $$\begin{aligned} \Phi _{d,q,w}(t):= & {} \left( \sqrt{1+\frac{w}{q}}\cos (t)+\sqrt{\frac{(q-1)w}{q}}\sin (t)\right) ^{d}\\{} & {} +\,(q-1)\left( \sqrt{1+\frac{w}{q}}\cos (t) -\sqrt{\frac{w}{q(q-1)}}\sin (t)\right) ^{d}, \end{aligned}$$

Φ

d
,
q
,
w

(
t
)

:
=

1
+

w
q

cos

(
t
)

+

(
q
-
1
)
w

q

sin

(
t
)

d

+

(
q
-
1
)

1
+

w
q

cos

(
t
)

-

w

q
(
q
-
1
)

sin

(
t
)

d

,

then $$\begin{aligned} \Phi _{d,q,w}:=\max _{t\in [-\pi ,\pi ]}\Phi _{d,q,w}(t), \end{aligned}$$

Φ

d
,
q
,
w

:
=

max

t
∈
[
-
π
,
π
]

Φ

d
,
q
,
w

(
t
)

,

The same conclusion holds true for a sequence of random d-regular graphs with probability one. Our result extends the work of Dembo, Montanari, Sly and Sun for the Potts model (integer q), and we prove a conjecture of Helmuth, Jenssen and Perkins about the phase transition of the random cluster model with fixed q.
Scalp complications of craniofacial surgery: classification, prevention, and initial approach: an updated review
Authors: Pedroza Gómez Santiago , Gómez Ortega Viviana , Tovar-Spinoza Zulma , Ghotme Kemel A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Scalp complications in craniofacial surgeries can increase morbidity and mortality. Given the inelastic characteristics of the scalp, these surgeries can be challenging, and multiple complications can arise. The literature on craniofacial surgery is extensive. However, few articles address scalp complications, associated factors, and prevention. This study aims to identify and classify scalp complications in craniofacial surgery and describe associated risk factors, general preventive measures, and an initial therapeutic approach.

Methods
We conducted a literature search in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and LILACS to review the scalp complications in craniofacial surgery. The studies selected included retrospective case series, narrative reviews, systematic reviews, and cadaveric anatomic studies. We completed the search with book chapters and specific topic reviews.

Results
We screened a total of 124 sources and selected 35 items for inclusion in this review. Based on the updated review, we categorized scalp complications into wound defects, soft tissue contour irregularities, neurovascular defects, and infection. We discuss the main characteristics, risk factors, preventive measures, and initial management of these complications.

Conclusions
For craniofacial surgery, understanding the surgical anatomy, identifying risk factors, adequate surgical planning, and interdisciplinary cooperation between neurosurgeons, plastic surgeons, and the interdisciplinary team are essential to prevent and treat scalp complications.
Level of evidence: Not ratable
PET molecular imaging for pathophysiological visualization in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Wang Jing , Jin Chentao , Zhou Jinyun , Zhou Rui , Tian Mei , Lee Hyeon Jeong , Zhang Hong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common dementia worldwide. The exact etiology of AD is unclear as yet, and no effective treatments are currently available, making AD a tremendous burden posed on the whole society. As AD is a multifaceted and heterogeneous disease, and most biomarkers are dynamic in the course of AD, a range of biomarkers should be established to evaluate the severity and prognosis. Positron emission tomography (PET) offers a great opportunity to visualize AD from diverse perspectives by using radiolabeled agents involved in various pathophysiological processes; PET imaging technique helps to explore the pathomechanisms of AD comprehensively and find out the most appropriate biomarker in each AD phase, leading to a better evaluation of the disease. In this review, we discuss the application of PET in the course of AD and summarized radiolabeled compounds with favorable imaging characteristics.