bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Movement and Distribution of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) Adults Under Different Temperature Differences in Different Lengths of Horizontal Grain Columns
Authors: Anukiruthika T , Jayas Digvir S , Jian Fuji 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Understanding insect movement and distribution is critical for developing an effective insect pest management protocol. Movement and distribution of adult Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) in response to nominal temperature differences of 5, 10, 15, and 20°C in 1- and 2-m horizontal columns filled with 12.5% moisture content wheat were studied in 24, 48, and 72 h of movement times. In the wheat columns without temperature differences, adults had a diffusion distribution pattern caused by their random movement. Adults showed bias movement to the warmer grain in wheat columns with temperature differences and preferred the warmer grain regardless of the magnitude of temperature differences in less than 24 h. Their distribution did not have significant differences among different movement times in 1- or 2-m columns. About 40% of adults moved to the warmer wheat located at 0.4 to 0.5 m in the 1 m column but did not move to the warmer wheat located at 0.9 to 1 m in the 2-m column. Therefore, length of grain column influenced detection of warmer grain by insects. Adults under different temperatures had a similar response as that under linear temperature gradients.
Sperm Limitation Produces Male Biased Offspring Sex Ratios in the Wasp, Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
Authors: Holditch Z G , Ochoa K N , Greene S , Allred S , Baranowski J , Shuster S M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Haplo-diploid sex determination in the parasitoid wasp, Nasonia vitripennis (Walker), allows females to adjust their brood sex ratios. Females influence whether ova are fertilized, producing diploid females, or remain unfertilized, producing haploid males. Females appear to adjust their brood sex ratios to minimize ‘local mate competition,’ i.e., competition among sons for mates. Because mating occurs between siblings, females may optimize mating opportunities for their offspring by producing only enough sons to inseminate daughters when ovipositing alone, and producing more sons when superparasitism is likely. Although widely accepted, this hypothesis makes no assumptions about gamete limitation in either sex. Because sperm are used to produce daughters, repeated oviposition could reduce sperm supplies, causing females to produce more sons. In contrast, if egg-limited females produce smaller broods, they might use fewer sperm, making sperm limitation less likely. To investigate whether repeated oviposition and female fertility influence gamete limitation within females, we created two treatments of six mated female wasps, which each received a series of six hosts at intervals of 24 or 48 h. All females produced at least one mixed-sex brood (63 total broods; 3,696 offspring). As expected, if females became sperm-limited, in both treatments, brood sex ratios became increasingly male-biased with increasing host number. Interhost interval did not affect brood size, total offspring number, or sex ratio, indicating females did not become egg limited. Our results support earlier studies showing sperm depletion affects sex allocation in N. vitripennis¸ and could limit adaptive sex ratio manipulation in these parasitoid wasps.
Parameter inference with non-linear galaxy clustering: accounting for theoretical uncertainties
Authors: Knabenhans Mischa , Brinckmann Thejs , Stadel Joachim , Schneider Aurel , Teyssier Romain 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
We implement euclidemulator (version 1), an emulator for the non-linear correction of the matter power spectrum, into the Markov chain Monte Carlo forecasting code montepython. We compare the performance of halofit, hmcode, and euclidemulator1, both at the level of power spectrum prediction and at the level of posterior probability distributions of the cosmological parameters, for different cosmological models and different galaxy power spectrum wavenumber cut-offs. We confirm that the choice of the power spectrum predictor has a non-negligible effect on the computed sensitivities when doing cosmological parameter forecasting, even for a conservative wavenumber cut-off of $0.2\, h\, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$. We find that euclidemulator1 is on average up to 17 per cent more sensitive to the cosmological parameters than the other two codes, with the most significant improvements being for the Hubble parameter of up to 42 per cent and the equation of state of dark energy of up to 26 per cent, depending on the case. In addition, we point out that the choice of the power spectrum predictor contributes to the risk of computing a significantly biased mean cosmology when doing parameter estimations. For the four tested scenarios we find biases, averaged over the cosmological parameters, of between 0.5σ and 2σ (from below 1σ up to 6σ for individual parameters). This paper provides a proof of concept that this risk can be mitigated by taking a well-tailored theoretical uncertainty into account as this allows to reduce the bias by a factor of 2 to 5, depending on the case under consideration, while keeping posterior credibility contours small: the standard deviations are amplified by a factor of ≤1.4 in all cases.
Use of rituximab, temozolomide, and radiation in recurrent and refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma in the Philippines: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Batara Julette Marie F , Apor Almira Doreen Abigail O , Mojica Christianne V , Mondia Mark Willy L 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Refractory disease in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) may occur despite adequate initial treatment. There is currently no standard of care for relapsed and recurrent PCSNL. No study to date documents using a combined regimen of radiotherapy, temozolomide, and rituximab. This study aimed to present the clinical course and outcomes of patients with recurrent or refractory disease who were given a combination of radiation, temozolomide, and rituximab.

Methods
Retrospective analysis was employed to evaluate data from recurrent or refractory PCNSL patients who were treated with radiation, temozolomide, and rituximab in two tertiary hospitals in the Philippines. Baseline demographics, treatment regimen, and outcomes were analyzed.

Results
Fifteen patients with a median age of 56 years were included, 11 with refractory disease and 4 with recurrent disease. Patients with bulky disease received either whole brain radiotherapy or partial field radiotherapy with rituximab and temozolomide given during radiation and for 6 months after radiation. Overall response rate to salvage therapy was 93.3% (14/15). Median overall survival from initial diagnosis was not reached (median follow-up: 84 months). Mortality rate was 33.3% (5/15), but only 2 out of 5 mortalities were from disease progression. There were only two reported cases of mild allergic reactions to rituximab, which did not result in treatment interruption.

Conclusion
Rituximab, temozolomide, and radiotherapy can be considered as an effective and safe salvage therapy for relapsed and recurrent central nervous system lymphoma.
Mass flows and their behaviors in the SS 433–W 50 system
Authors: Inoue Hajime 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We propose a scenario to interpret the overall observational features of the SS 433–W 50 system. The most unique features of SS 433 are the presence of the precessing, mildly relativistic jets and the obscuration of the central engine, which are considered to be due to a supercritical accretion on to the central compact object. The jets are likely to be ejected from the innermost region of the accretion flow. The concept of the accretion ring (Inoue, 2021, PASJ, 73, 795) is applied to the outer boundary of the accretion flow and the ring is supposed to have a precession. The accretion ring is expected to extend a two-layer outflow of a thin excretion disk and a thick excretion flow, as well as the accretion flow. The thin excretion disk is discussed as eventually forming the optically thick excretion belt along the Roche lobe around the compact object, contributing to the obscuration of the central engine. The thick excretion flow is likely to turn to the supersonic wind (disk wind) with the terminal velocity of ∼108 cm s−1 and to collide with the supernova remnant (SNR) matter at the distance of ∼1018 cm. The interactions of the jets with the disk wind are considered to cause the features of the jets observed at the distances of 1014–1015 cm and ∼1017 cm. Finally, it is discussed that the jets are braked by the SNR matter at the distance of ∼10 pc and the momentum carried by the jet is transferred to the SNR matter shoved by the jet. The SNR matter pushed to the inside of the precession cone is expected to gather along the cone axis and to form the elongated structures in the east and west directions from the main W 50 structure.
CsAAP7.2 is involved in the uptake of amino acids from soil and the long-distance transport of theanine in tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.)
Authors: Li Fang , Lv Chengjia , Zou Zhongwei , Duan Yu , Zhou Junjie , Zhu Xujun , Ma Yuanchun , Zhang Zhaoliang , Fang Wanping 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Tea plant roots can uptake both inorganic nitrogen (NH4+ and NO3−) and organic nitrogen (amino acids) from the soil. These amino acids are subsequently assimilated into theanine and transported to young shoots through the xylem. Our previous study showed that CsLHT1 and CsLHT6 transporters take up amino acids from the soil, and CsAAPs participate in the transport of theanine. However, whether other amino acid transporters are involved in this process remains unknown. In this study, we identified two new CsAAPs homologous to CsAAP7, named CsAAP7.1 and CsAAP7.2. Heterologous expression of CsAAP7.1 and CsAAP7.2 in the yeast mutant 22Δ10α showed that CsAAP7.2 had the capacity to transport theanine and other amino acids, whereas CsAAP7.1 had no transport activity. Transient expression of the CsAAP7.2-GFP fusion protein in tobacco leaf epidermal cells confirmed its localization to the endoplasmic reticulum. Tissue-specific analysis showed that CsAAP7.2 was highly expressed in roots and stems. In addition, CsAAP7.2 overexpression lines were more sensitive to high concentrations of theanine due to the high accumulation of theanine in seedlings. Taken together, these findings suggested that CsAAP7.2 plays an important role in the uptake of amino acids from soil and the long-distance transport of theanine. These results provide valuable tools for nitrogen nutrition studies and enrich our understanding of theanine transport in tea plants.
Role of Nitric Oxide of Bacterial Origin in the Medicago truncatula–Sinorhizobium meliloti Symbiosis
Authors: Ruiz Bryan , Sauviac Laurent , Brouquisse Renaud , Bruand Claude , Meilhoc Eliane 
Published: June 2022

Nitric oxide (NO) is a small ubiquitous gaseous molecule that has been found in many host-pathogen interactions. NO has been shown to be part of the defense arsenal of animal cells and more recently of plant cells. To fight this molecular weapon, pathogens have evolved responses consisting of adaptation to NO or degradation of this toxic molecule. More recently, it was shown that NO could also be produced by the pathogen and contributes likewise to the success of the host cell infection. NO is also present during symbiotic interactions. Despite growing knowledge about the role of NO during friendly interactions, data on the specificity of action of NO produced by each partner are scarce, partly due to the multiplicity of NO production systems. In the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between the soil bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti and the model legume Medicago truncatula, NO has been detected at all steps of the interaction, where it displays various roles. Both partners contribute to NO production inside the legume root nodules where nitrogen fixation occurs. The study focuses on the role of bacterial NO in this interaction. We used a genetic approach to identify bacterial NO sources in the symbiotic context and to test the phenotype in planta of bacterial mutants affected in NO production. Our results show that only denitrification is a source of bacterial NO in Medicago nodules, giving insight into the role of bacteria-derived NO at different steps of the symbiotic interaction. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Improving Cognitive Function of Older Adults With a History of Cancer Using Nonpharmacologic Interventions: A Systematic Review
Authors: Simone Abigail , Blackwood Jennifer 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Cancer-related cognitive dysfunction (CRCD) refers to changes in cognitive functioning that occurs as a result of cancer treatment including radiation, hormone therapy, surgery, and most often, chemotherapy. While various nonpharmacologic interventions for cognitive impairments have been studied in younger adults with a history of cancer and in older adult populations without cancer, limited information is available regarding nonpharmacologic interventions for older adults with a history of cancer.

Purpose:
The purpose of this systematic review is to describe the current nonpharmacologic interventions for older adults with CRCD.

Data Sources:
PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Embase.

Study Selection:
Articles meeting inclusion criteria were appraised by 2 reviewers independently. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment was used to assess study quality.

Data Extraction:
The search located 3441 articles; 4 met inclusion criteria.

Data Synthesis:
Nonpharmacologic interventions addressed the cognitive processes of executive function (n = 2), attention (n = 1), learning/memory (n = 2), perceptual-motor (n = 1), and global cognitive function (n = 3). Two studies used exercise-based interventions and 2 employed cognitive training interventions to address CRCD.

Discussion and Limitations:
Although improvements in CRCD were found, the interventions used and measure type suggested a high degree of variability challenging the ability to make recommendations for the use of these nonpharmacologic interventions without completion of further studies.

Conclusions:
As promising evidence has been reported of the effect of aerobic exercise and cognitive training interventions on CRCD in both young survivors of cancer and older adults without cancer, further study is needed to replicate those benefits in older adults with CRCD.
The future of long-acting agents for preexposure prophylaxis
Authors: Flexner Charles 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
The main reason for the failure of oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) regimens for HIV is poor adherence. Intramuscular cabotegravir was recently approved for PrEP, and a number of other long-acting antiretroviral formulations and products are currently in clinical development. This includes subcutaneous and intravenous injections, implants, and microarray (microneedle) patches, as well as extended duration oral drugs. The success and future uptake of these products will depend on a variety of factors.

Recent findings
Long-acting delivery of antiretroviral agents for PrEP confers significant advantages over short-acting oral delivery. This is exemplified by the superior efficacy of intramuscular cabotegravir given every eight weeks as compared to daily oral co-formulated tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine. There is also evidence for PrEP efficacy for a broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody given intravenously every eight weeks. One of the leading candidates for long-acting PrEP, islatravir, was being studied as a monthly oral drug or a nonerodable subcutaneous implant inserted for up to 12 months. However, clinical studies of this agent were put on hold in late 2021 because of unanticipated lymphopenia.

Summary
Long-acting antiretroviral products have substantial promise for PrEP and have particular advantages over daily oral drugs based mainly on improved adherence. However, there are barriers to further uptake that include the need for more intensive interaction with systems of healthcare delivery, greater expense and complexity of implementation, and unexpected long-term toxicities.
Broadly neutralizing antibodies for treatment and prevention of HIV-1 infection
Authors: Awan Seemal F. , Happe Myra , Hofstetter Amelia R. , Gama Lucio 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
Anti-HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are promising agents in the fight against the AIDS epidemic. Multiple bNAbs have been already evaluated in clinical trials with encouraging results. This review discusses the use of bNAbs for the prevention and treatment of HIV-1 infection, focusing on manufactured products that have been evaluated in clinical settings.

Recent findings
More than 17 bNAbs have been evaluated for safety and pharmacokinetics in humans. The vast majority presented a well tolerated profile and were generally well tolerated. Serum half-life varied from 12 to 73.5 days and can be improved by the addition of mutations to the Fc regions. Results from the antibody-mediated prevention (AMP) study show that VRC01, a CD4-binding-site bNAb, was effective at preventing the acquisition of sensitive HIV-1 strains but did not prevent the acquisition of strains whose in vitro sensitivity to the antibody had an IC80 of more than 1 μg/ml. New bNAb combinations to improve coverage are currently being evaluated.

Summary
In this review, we discuss the current landscape of HIV-1 bNAbs in clinical development. We also present the current strategies employed to improve the breadth, potency, serum half-life, effector function and administration of these compounds.
Association of ambulatory blood pressure with aortic valve and coronary artery calcification
Authors: Sawayama Yuichi , Hisamatsu Takashi , Kadota Aya , Torii Sayuki , Kondo Keiko , Fujiyoshi Akira , Higo Yosuke , Harada Akiko , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Nakagawa Yoshihisa , Miura Katsuyuki , Ueshima Hirotsugu 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
We aimed to investigate the effect of ambulatory blood pressure (BP) on aortic valve calcification (AVC) and coronary artery calcification (CAC), which are subclinical atherosclerotic diseases.

Methods:
In this population-based, cross-sectional study, we assessed office BP, mean ambulatory BP (24-h, awake, and asleep), and variability of ambulatory BP, as determined by the coefficient of variation (awake and asleep). AVC and CAC were quantified using an Agatston score (>0) based on computed tomography scanning. We calculated relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with a 1-standard deviation increment in each BP index for the presence of AVC and CAC using a multivariate-adjusted Poisson regression with robust error variance.

Results:
Of 483 participants (mean age: 66.8 years), 154 (31.9%) and 310 (64.2%) had AVC and CAC, respectively. The presence of AVC was associated with office systolic BP (SBP; RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.03–1.28), awake diastolic BP (DBP) variability (RR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01–1.25), and asleep SBP variability (RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.03–1.27). The presence of CAC was associated with office SBP (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01–1.15), mean 24-h SBP (RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04–1.16), mean awake SBP (RR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04–1.17), mean asleep SBP (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01–1.13), and asleep SBP variability (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01–1.13).

Conclusion:
These findings highlight the association of ambulatory BP indices with both AVC and CAC, but with different effects on their presences.
Association of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts in China: a large prospective cohort study
Authors: An Hang , Jin Ming , Li Zhiwen , Zhang Le , Zhang Yali , Li Hongtian , Liu Jianmeng , Ye Rongwei , Li Nan 
Published: June 2022

Background:
The associations between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs) are not consistent or based on case–control study design. We hypothesize that OFCs and NSOFCs are associated with hypertensive disease in pregnancy.

Methods:
Data were collected from the Project for Neural Tube Defects Prevention (1993–1996), a large population-based cohort study conducted in two southern provinces of China. We used a system to record all births after 20 complete gestational weeks, including live births and stillbirths, and all structural congenital anomalies regardless of gestational week. A total of 200 215 singleton live births without other external birth defects were finally included.

Results:
The incidence of NSOFCs was 20.2 per 10 000 for the whole population, and 20.5 and 39.2 per 10 000 for women with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, respectively. Compared with the nonpreeclampsia group, preeclampsia was associated with an increased risk of NSOFCs [adjusted risk ratio (RR) = 2.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27–3.20], cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) [adjusted RR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.37–3.65], and cleft lip and palate (CLP) [adjusted RR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.45–4.67] but not cleft lip only (CLO) [adjusted RR = 1.66, 95% CI 0.68–4.07] or cleft palate only (CPO) [adjusted RR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.27–4.45]. No associations were observed between gestational hypertension and any types of NSOFCs.

Conclusion:
Our study supported that among hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, only preeclampsia increased the risk of NSOFCs and its subtypes (CL/P and CLP).
Disparities between determinants of impaired vascular structure and function in young people with primary hypertension: a systematic review
Authors: Azukaitis Karolis , Sinha Manish D. , Obrycki Łukasz , Pac Michał , Bjelakovic Bojko , Jankauskiene Augustina , Litwin Mieczysław 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Early effects of primary hypertension on arterial structure and function in children and young people (CYP) and their determinants remain elusive. We aimed to review independent determinants of carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT), carotid wall cross-sectional area (WCSA) and carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) in CYP with primary hypertension.

Methods:
We performed a systematic review of studies reporting multivariable analysis of cfPWV, cIMT and WCSA in CYP (up to 25 years of age) with primary hypertension. Literature search was performed in PubMed database and 13, 12 and two articles including 3860 (age range 4–25 years, 50% male individuals), 2038 children (5–25 years, 55% male individuals) and 136 children (5–17 years, 85% male individuals) were selected for final analysis of cfPWV, cIMT and WCSA, respectively.

Results:
Ninety and 86% of the studies reported higher cfPWV and cIMT in CYP with elevated blood pressure (BP) compared with normotensive controls. Different indices of BP were positively associated with cfPWV in 92% of studies, whereas BMI showed association in 31%. Carotid IMT associated with BP indices in 50% and with BMI in 25% of the studies. WCSA was studied longitudinally and its improvement associated with decrease in measures of central obesity.

Conclusion:
We found a disparity between the determinants of structural and functional impairment of arterial tree in CYP with primary hypertension. In contrast to cIMT and WCSA, increase of cfPWV is almost exclusively determined by BP.