bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Dynamics Studies of Ionic Liquid-Surface Interactions for Electrospray Thrusters
Authors: Bendimerad Rafid , Petro Elaine 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Electrospray thrusters are of particular interest for micropropulsion because of their compactness, high specific impulse, and their ability to operate over very long periods of time. However, particles on the periphery of the plume are susceptible to collide with the extractor grid, which may reduce the efficiency and limit the lifetime of the electrospray thruster. Therefore, a good knowledge of the collision process and byproducts is crucial to understanding the long-term surface effects and overcoming the lifetime-limiting mechanisms. This study attempts to investigate particles impingement on the extractor grid using molecular dynamics simulations with two different models. The first model is based on a non-reactive force field and is used to investigate the dissociation of ionic bonds. The second model is based on a reactive force field and is used to investigate the breaking of covalent bonds. In both cases, a statistical analysis is carried out over the initial configuration of the molecule. The major results of this study are: (1) the inference of probability curves of the ionic dissociation in function of the impact energy for temperatures ranging from 300K to 1000K, and (2) the determination of pseudomass spectra of the byproducts post-collision. The probability curves indicate a strong correlation between the impact energy and the ionic dissociation for energies smaller than 60 eV. The pseudomass spectra indicate that strong collisions are more likely to produce light byproducts whereas weak collisions tend to produce heavier molecules.
Association of Pain and Quality of life among middle-aged and elderly Indians.
Authors: Goyal Amit Kumar , Mohanty Sanjay Kumar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background:
India is passing through a phase of demographic and epidemiological transition where ageing and chronic morbidities are being more common. Though studies examined the prevalence, variation and risk factors of many chronic morbidities, we didn’t find any research examining the effect of pain on QOL of older adults in India. This study examines the effect of pain on quality of life (QOL) among middle-aged and elderly in India.
Methods:
This study uses the data from wave 1 of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) conducted in 2017-18. This study is restricted to 58,328 individuals from all states (except Sikkim), who have aged above 45 years. A multivariate model has been used to show the association between pain and quality of life.
Results:
It is estimated that approximately 37% of Indian middle-aged and older populations are often troubled with pain. Pain prevalence increase with age and is more common among elderly aged 75 + years (40.48%; 95% CI, 38.02–42.94), women (43.32%; 95% CI, 41.51–45.12). The overall QOL score was found to be 87 on a scale of 0-100 and it varies by different socio-demographic factors. Results from the multivariate analysis suggest that the occurrence of pain reduces the QOL by 4.58 units (β= -3.58; 95% CI, -4.00 - -3.17).
Conclusion:
This article shows the association between pain and quality of life among middle-aged adults and the elderly in India. This evidence could potentially help the policymakers to consider pain as a significant determinant of quality of life as the presence of pain significantly reduces the QOL among the middle-aged and elderly in India
Comparing the efficiency of sunflower, marigold and spinach plants for their phytoextraction ability in zinc and copper contaminated soils
Authors: Samal Saubhagya Kumar , Datta Siba Prasad , Golui Debasis , Dwivedi Bramha Swaroop , Meena Mahesh Chand , Nogiya Mahaveer , Choudhary Mahipal , Raza Md Basit , Pandey Punyavrat S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Phytoextraction is an environmentally friendly and potentially cost-effective technique to remove toxic elements from contaminated soil. Lower biomass production of hyper-accumulator plants is a major bottleneck of the phytoextraction process. A pot experiment was conducted to explore three accumulator plants namely sunflower, marigold, and spinach for their phytoextraction ability in zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) contaminated soil, and to study their effect on distribution of the metals on different soil solid fractions. Our study demonstrated the effect of growing accumulator plants on distribution of Zn and Cu in various soil-solid phases after phytoextraction process. The efficiency of phytoextraction was compared in terms of the metal uptake ability of the accumulator plants. The order of accumulator plants based on phytoextraction of Zn follows sunflower > marigold = spinach, whereas order of Cu uptake followed as sunflower > marigold > spinach. Fractionation study showed that in sunflower and marigold grown soil, dissolved carbonate bound fraction of Zn enriched water-soluble and exchangeable fraction of Zn, while in spinach grown soil, the dissolved carbonate bound fraction of Zn enriched the organically bound fraction. Thus, it can be inferred that sunflower and marigold increased the bioavailability and toxicity of Zn and Cu more than that of spinach did. The outcome of the study is sunflower is superior to marigold and spinach as far as phytoextraction of Zn and Cu contaminated soil is concerned.
Research on CT Imaging and Radiotherapy of Breast Cancer with Bi-DTPA
Authors: Zhang Yi , Liu Dang , Qiao Bin , Luo Yuanli , Yang Chao , Zhang Liang , Cao Yang , Ran Haitao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
High z number element is advanced in Computed Tomography (CT) imaging and the sensibilization of radiotherapy because of higher mass energy absorption coefficients. Bi-Diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Bi-DTPA), structured on Bi element, is advanced in CT imaging ability and advantages of strong water solubility, good biocompatibility, low cost and mass production. So in this study, Bi-DTPA was used in CT imaging and radiotherapy of breast cancer to explore its feasibility and effect in CT imaging of mouse breast cancer model, and whether it had sensitization radiation characteristics through radiotherapy.
Methods
The characterization of Bi-DTPA was detected by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and HR-MS. Compared the tumor CT imaging effect of Bi-DTPA with I 370 on 4T1 tumor bearing mouse model. The radiosensitization mechanism of Bi-DTPA was investigated by CCK-8 assay, clonogenic assay, ROS detection, DNA double strand break detection, flow cytometry for the detection of cell apoptosis, and treatment of 4T1 tumor bearing mouse model.
Result
The Bi-DTPA’s CT imaging signal was higher than I 370 at a safe concentration which synthesized by the one-pot method. During radiotherapy with Bi-DTPA, the viability of cells was reduced and the sensitization rate was 1.51. The level of ROS generated, DNA damage sites and the proportion of cell apoptosis was significantly higher than that in the radiotherapy group. The results of in vivo treatment showed that Bi-DTPA had better inhibitory effect on tumors.
Conclusion
The synthesized Bi-DTPA was advanced and applicable in CT imaging and possessed sound capacity in radiation therapy (RT) sensitization which can effectively kill tumor cells by ROS and inhibit tumor proliferation. Therefore, it has great potential in the future application of tumor integrated diagnosis and treatments.
Drainage Density and Its Application in Soil Erosion Assessment in Sarbari Khad Watershed of Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Singh Vartika , Saroha Jitender 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Precise measurement of geomorphometric parameters is significant for assessing watershed conditions, nevertheless these are very difficult to measure accurately in context of the mountain ecosystems and the extensive areas. In the present research work drainage density has been used to assess the soil erosion by employing the Geographical Information System (GIS) for the Sarbari Khad watershed located in the lesser Himalayan region of the Himachal Pradesh, India. For assessing drainage density along with remotely sensed digital data, direct survey based large scale (1:50,000) topographical map have been used. The drainage density analysis unveiled that the Sarbari Khad watershed is vulnerable to surface erosion as well as soil degradation. Further, depending on the drainage density values the watershed has been classified under low, moderate, severe and very severe erosion categories. This classification revealed that about 60 percent area of the watershed suffers from very severe erosion. In this study, the drainage density values have been used for estimating erosion status of watershed. These soil erosion differentials in the watershed can be used for watershed areas prioritization for ensuring soil and water conservation measures to make the watershed sustainable.
Environmental Assessment of Pre-dredging Sediments and Proposals for Their Subsequent Management: the Port of Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: CUELLO GRACIELA , GARZO PEDRO , ELÍAS RODOLFO , ISLA FEDERICO IGNACIO 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, the discharge of dredged sediments into the sea is one of the most important problems in the management of coastal areas; therefore, the characterization and handling of the materials to be dredged is of utmost importance. Since its creation, the Port of Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina, has presented a structural difficulty that affects its operation: the interruption of the strong littoral drift by its breakwaters generates an important sand sedimentation blocking the access channel. This hampers the entry and maneuverability of large ships, while promoting sediment imbalances on a regional scale, causing coastal erosion on many beaches. At present, the administrative authorities of the port are proposing a new dredging work in order to restore adequate navigation depths. On this basis, the aim of this work was to characterize the current sediment of the Port of Mar del Plata and compare it with previous results from 1996. Grain size, water content and organic matter were monitored at 12 stations. The results indicate that the external sector receives a larger share of sand than in 1996. Muds become preferentially deposited at the inner docks. Organic matter, with increases compared to the previous study, accumulates in the inner docks with lower water renewal. Based on these results, this work proposes certain management alternatives for dredged sediments. Among them, beach nourishment stands out, with the aim of mitigating the effects caused by the port on the regional sediment dynamics.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Antibiotic Use and resistance Among Khartoum State Residents 2021.
Authors: Khojali Abubakr Almardi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction: antibiotic resistance is one of the of the world must lethal health crisis affecting low- and middle-income countries, the economic burden of the issue is high.Multi- dug resistant strains are emerging, and actions are needed to counter it.Objectives: To study knowledge, attitude and practice regarding antibiotic use and resistance among Khartoum state residents.Methodology: community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Khartoum state, Sudan, residents were involved in the study were randomly selected, and the questionnaire was delivered and data about Khartoum residents’ knowledge, attitude and practice regarding antibiotic use and resistance were collected.Results: A total of 351 samples were collected, the sample included more females (58.7% vs 41.3), most of the respondents were in the 18- 25 age group, majority were students, most of the respondents had achieved university and post graduate education, most of the respondents were from Khartoum, Omdurman and then Bahri. The mean monthly income was 141759 SDGs. Majority had good knowledge regarding antibiotic use and resistance, more than 15% of respondents didn’t know that antibiotic use can result in secondary infections after killing the good bacteria. Majority of respondents had positive attitude regarding antibiotic use and resistance, except in question 15 majority of patients think antibiotics are not safe drugs. Majority of respondents had good practice regarding antibiotic use, except in question 20 where the majority Doesn’t consult in a regular basis every time before starting antibiotic.Conclusions: the study concluded that the majority of Khartoum state residents had good knowledge regarding antibiotic use and resistance and good attitude and practice regarding antibiotic use.This research is an important step in the understanding of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding antibiotic use and resistance among residents of Khartoum, its results can be used in formulation of future educational programs.Recommendations: Ongoing research studies should focus on finding the reasons behind misbehaviours and research about sensitivity patterns should be done in Sudan to formulate guidelines that help doctors to choose antibiotics for prescription in a way that minimizing the emergence of new strains of resistance bacteria.
Versatile and low-cost fabrication of modular lock-and-key micro-fluidics for integrated connector mixer using a stereolithography 3D printing
Authors: Anshori Isa , Lukito Vincent , Adhawiyah Rafita , Putri Delpita , Harimurti Suksmandhira , Rajab Tati Latifah Erawati , Pradana Arfat , Akbar Mohammad , Syamsunarno Mas Rizky , Handayani Murni , Purwidyantri Agnes , Prabowo Briliant Adhi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

We present a low-cost and simple method to fabricate microfluidic modules directly on a submillimeter scale utilizing an economic stereolithography (SLA) three-dimensional (3D) printer, which only costs less than 400 USD for the investment. The proposed study is promising for a high throughput fabrication module, typically limited by conventional microfluidic fabrications, such as photolithography and polymer casting methods. We demonstrate the two lock-and-key modular fluidic platforms for connector modules and chamber modules with optimized parameters, such as exposure condition and printing orientation. In addition, optimization of post-processing was performed to investigate the reliability of the fabricated hollow structures, which are fundamental to creating a fluidic channel or chamber. We found out that by using an inexpensive 3D printer, the fabricated resolution can be pushed down to 850 µm and 550 µm size for squared- and circled-shaped, respectively; by the gradual hollow structure, applying vertical printing orientation. These strategies opened up the possibility of developing straightforward microfluidic platforms that could replace conventional microfluidics mold fabrication methods, such as photolithography and milling, which are costly and time-consuming. Considerably cheap commercial resin and its tiny volume employed for a single printing procedure extremely cut down the estimated fabrication cost to less than 50 cents USD/module. The simulation study unravels the prominent properties of the fabricated devices for biological fluid mixers such as plasma blood. This study is eminently prospective toward microfluidics application in clinical biosensing, where disposable, low-cost, high-throughput, and reproducible chips are highly required.
Time Allocation Pattern across Region and Gender: A case study of Pakistan
Authors: Nasir Hamna 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Allocation of time for various activities is determined by economic and non economic factors such as gender; particularly the gender division of household work is a useful indicator for assessing social norms and customs. The major objective of the present study is to assess the allocation of time for market, expenditure saving market and non-market activities by gender, age groups (10–14, 15–25, 26–45 and 46–60), across region and province. The study is unique because paid market hours, expenditure saving market hours and household hours are analyzed separately for individuals residing in Pakistan. Data is gathered from Labour Force Survey (LFS) of Pakistan for the year 2017-18. Both descriptive statistics and empirical assessment is employed for the assessement purpose. The study indicates that average hours of female household work are higher than male, especially in urban and rural Punjab. Findings also indicate that female average household hours are higher for the age group 26–45. As in this age group they have relatively higher responsibilities of child bearing and rearing and are involved in other domestic chores. Average paid market hours of male work are higher than female, as he is considered the bread earner of a family. In spite of the fact that in recent decades a growing number of women are entering the labour force,her time allocation for household work has not changed significantly. This study suggests that awareness about a fair distribution of responsibilities between men and women should be created in order to reduce the significant gender gap in labour force participation in Pakistan which will help to achieve set target 8.8 of SDG. Time allocation pattern across region and gender: A case study of Pakistan
The Impact of 4P's of Marketing on Student's purchase decisions in University Mini Marts
Authors: Kasirye Faiswal 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Through the marketing mix, there are many ways of promoting a business, such as a supermarket or a mini-mart. The core function of the marketing mix in the current commercial world is to satisfy the customers' expectations and needs. Therefore, organizations offer promises through the marketing mix using tools such as the product, price, promotion, and place to attract customers and fulfill their expectations. Companies and organizations tend to give affordable prices on top of the quality products they sell to their customers. This study, therefore, aims to examine the Impact of the 4Ps of marketing on students' purchase decisions in university mini-marts. Specifically, the study assesses the levels of product quality, price, promotion, place, and purchase decision amongst IIUM university students. In addition, correlation analysis is run to determine whether there is a relationship between product quality, price, promotion, and place with purchase decisions among university students who shop at university marts. The study utilizes the Theory of Planned Behaviour to explain the relationships between the variables. The quantitative research design and survey method with a questionnaire as the tool for data collection were used in this research. A total of 170 IIUM students participated in this study. The study findings reveal that students tend to consider price and place as essential tools in buying from the university mini-marts. In addition, the students also revealed that they do not consider product quality and promotion when deciding to purchase from the university mini-marts because of the factors highlighted in the study. The Theory of Planned Behaviour is also supported in this study.
Survival and stability of strategic mini-implants with immediate or delayed loading under removable partial dentures: a 3-year randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Mundt Torsten , Heinemann Friedhelm , Müller Janine , Schwahn Christian , Jaghsi Ahmad Al 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Stability values of mini-implants (MIs) are ambiguous. Survival data for MIs as supplementary abutments in reduced dentitions are not available. The aim of this explorative research was to estimate the 3-year stability and survival of strategic MIs after immediate and delayed loading by existing removable partial dentures (RPDs).
Material and methods
In a university and three dental practices, patients with unfavorable tooth distributions received supplementary MIs with diameters of 1.8, 2.1, and 2.4mm. The participants were randomly allocated to group A (if the insertion torque ≥ 35 Ncm: immediate loading by housings; otherwise immediate loading by RPD soft relining was performed) or delayed loading group B. Periotest values (PTVs) and resonance frequency analysis (RFA) values were longitudinally compared using mixed models.
Results
A total of 112 maxillary and 120 mandibular MIs were placed under 79 RPDs (31 maxillae). The 1st and 3rd quartile of the PTVs ranged between 1.7 and 7.8, and the RFA values ranged between 30 and 46 with nonrelevant group differences. The 3-year survival rates were 92% in group A versus 95% in group B and 99% in the mandible (one failure) versus 87% in the maxilla (eleven failures among four participants).
Conclusions
Within the limitations of explorative analyses, there were no relevant differences between immediate and delayed loading regarding survival or stability of strategic MIs.
Clinical relevance
The stability values for MIs are lower than for conventional implants. The MI failure rate in the maxilla is higher than in the mandible with cluster failure participants.
Clinical trial registration
: German Clinical Trials Register (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien, DRKS-ID: DRKS00007589, www.germanctr.de), January 15th, 2015
An integrated assessment of tropical cyclone risks in mainland China by considering hazard, exposure, vulnerability and mitigation
Authors: Yang Zhenhua , Zhao Tongtiegang , Tian Yu , Zhang Yongyong , Chen Xiaohong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Tropical cyclones (TCs) cause devastating losses of lives and properties every year across the globe. This paper makes use of detailed geographic data on historical TCs and socio-economic conditions for both coastal and inland regions to assess the TC risk in China. Specifically, the mitigation capacity is integrated into the ‘Hazard–Exposure–Vulnerability’ (HEV) framework, and the TC risks are calculated by using the multiplicative/divisive and additive/subtractive formulae based on indicators of hazards, exposure, vulnerability and mitigation. The estimated TC risks are furthermore validated by using the data of direct economic losses and casualties. The results show that coastal areas in China are generally dominated by high TC risks and that inland areas also suffer considerably due to TC-induced secondary disasters. The TC risks calculated by the additive/subtractive formula can better capture the density of direct economic losses and casualties compared with those calculated by the multiplicative/divisive formula. TC hazard plays an important role in determining TC risks in South China, whereas exposure and mitigation play a critical part in determining TC risks in North China. Overall, the consideration of mitigation capacity makes the calculated TC risks more consistent with the magnitude of direct economic losses and casualties.
Circ_0008768 Suppresses the Pancreatic Cancer Progression via miR-330-
3p/PTEN Axis
Authors: Wang Yingkai , Zhang Jijun , Jia Jiepeng , Qian Bo , Tian Xiaowen 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
To probe the role of circular RNA_0008768 (circ_0008768) in the development of pancreatic cancer (PC) and its regulatory mechanism.

Methods:
The expression levels of circ_0008768, miR-330-3p, and PTEN mRNA in PC tissues and cells were detected using qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion of PC cells were detected by CCK-8 method, EdU method, and Transwell assay. The targeting relationship between circ_0008768 and miR-330-3p, as well as miR-330-3p and PTEN mRNA 3'UTR was analyzed by the dual-luciferase reporter assay. PTEN expression levels in PC cells were analyzed by Western blot.

Results:
The expression levels of circ_0008768 and PTEN mRNA were significantly reduced in both PC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of circ_0008768 exerted an inhibitory effect on the proliferation, migration and invasion of PC cells. Knocking down circ_0008768 showed the opposite effect. Circ_0008768 directly targeted and negatively regulated the expression of miR-330-3p. PTEN was identified as a downstream target gene of miR-330-3p. Circ_0008768 could positively regulate the expression of PTEN.

Conclusion:
In PC, circ_0008768 can act as a tumor-suppressive factor to inhibit the development of PC by regulating the miR-330-3p/PTEN molecular axis.