bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resource selection of deer hunters in Georgia's Appalachian Mountains
Authors: Rosenberger Jacalyn P. , Little Andrew R. , Edge Adam C. , Yates Cheyenne J. , Osborn David A. , Killmaster Charlie H. , Johannsen Kristina L. , Miller Karl V. , D'Angelo Gino J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhite‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and hunters on 2 Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) within the Chattahoochee National Forest of northern Georgia, USA, significantly declined in number from the 1980s to 2018. Managers were interested in understanding how they could manipulate hunter distribution according to deer management goals. To understand the spatial distribution of hunting pressure and factors driving hunter resource selection, we analyzed GPS tracking data from 58 deer hunters over the 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 hunting seasons. We evaluated hunter selection on 3 spatial scales relative to elevation, slope, and distance from roads, trails, wildlife openings, deciduous forest, mixed forest, and evergreen forest. We incorporated covariates into 6 binary logistic regression models, plus a null model, within a used versus available framework. First, we compared hunter locations to available locations generated within the 2 WMAs. Elevation and distance to deciduous forest had the greatest effect on hunter selection, where hunters selected for lower elevations and closer proximity to deciduous forest. Second, we compared individual hunting bout locations to available locations generated within a buffer around the hunter's starting location with a buffer radius equal to the maximum distance they travelled from their starting location. At the bout scale, distance to wildlife openings and elevation were the most important drivers of hunter selection; hunters selected areas closer to wildlife openings and higher elevations. Third, we compared individual hunter stand locations (used) to randomly selected locations along the hunter's travel path (available). Only distance to roads and deciduous forest were significant in explaining hunter selection of stands. Hunters chose locations farther from roads and closer to deciduous forest relative to their travel paths. Mapping our WMA‐scale results revealed that only 5% of the total WMA area contained a greater relative probability of hunter selection compared to the probability of non‐selection. Our results suggest that vast refuge areas for deer likely existed on the WMAs during our study period. Manipulating hunter distribution is not necessary to aid in sustaining deer on either WMA at this time.
Relative energy and weak–strong uniqueness of a two‐phase viscoelastic phase separation model
Authors: Brunk Aaron , Lukáčová‐Medvid'ová Mária 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyze a viscoelastic phase separation model. We derive a suitable notion of the relative energy taking into account the nonconvex nature of the energy law for the viscoelastic phase separation. This allows us to prove the weak–strong uniqueness principle. We will provide the estimates for the full model in two space dimensions. For a reduced model, we present the estimates in three space dimensions and derive conditional relative energy estimates.
It's a sign: Animal welfare and zoo type are predictors of animal identification signage usage and quality at zoo exhibits
Authors: Fourage Anna , Shepherd Chris R. , Campera Marco , Nekaris K. A. I. , Nijman Vincent 
Published: September 2022

AbstractConservation education programs are listed as priority actions for almost every threatened species on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. Zoos play an important role in delivering such programs, yet evidence of zoo education in many non‐western countries is limited. Here, we evaluate animal identification signage prevalence and quality at zoo exhibits and investigate whether animal welfare, zoo type (accredited, government, and private), admission fee, zoo size, and proximity to urban centers are influencing factors. We used hornbills (Bucerotidae) as a model taxon, surveyed hornbill signage, and conducted welfare assessments of hornbill exhibits. We developed scoring frameworks and applied content analysis to analyze signage quality. Our results show that out of 18 zoos that displayed hornbills, 15 had hornbill signage. However, of the 106 hornbill exhibits in these zoos, 33% had no signage. We also found that signage presence or absence at individual zoos and signage quality is strongly correlated with animal welfare quality. Zoo type is a key factor in predicting signage and welfare quality, with accredited zoos scoring highest for both signage and welfare, followed by government and private zoos. Private zoos charged higher admission than other zoo types, and zoo size and proximity to urban centers did not influence signage or welfare scores. Overall, we conclude that in our study, signage usage and quality are inadequate, highlighting the importance of compliance with robust zoo standards to improve education and welfare within zoos to support global conservation goals.
A dominant negative mutation uncovers cooperative control of caudal Wolffian duct development by Sprouty genes
Authors: Altés Gisela , Vaquero Marta , Cuesta Sara , Anerillas Carlos , Macià Anna , Espinet Carme , Ribera Joan , Bellusci Saverio , Klein Ophir D. , Yeramian Andree , Dolcet Xavi , Egea Joaquim , Encinas Mario 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Wolffian ducts (WD) are paired epithelial tubules central to the development of the mammalian genitourinary tract. Outgrowths from the WD known as the ureteric buds (UB) generate the collecting ducts of the kidney. Later during development, the caudal portion of the WD will form the vas deferens, epididymis and seminal vesicle in males, and will degenerate in females. While the genetic pathways controlling the development of the UB are firmly established, less is known about those governing development of WD portions caudal to the UB. Sprouty proteins are inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling in vivo. We have recently shown that homozygous mutation of a conserved tyrosine (Tyr53) of Spry1 results in UB defects indistinguishable from that of Spry1 null mice. Here, we show that heterozygosity for the Spry1 Y53A allele causes caudal WD developmental defects consisting of ectopically branched seminal vesicles in males and persistent WD in females, without affecting kidney development. Detailed analysis reveals that this phenotype also occurs in Spry1+/– mice but with a much lower penetrance, indicating that removal of tyrosine 53 generates a dominant negative mutation in vivo. Supporting this notion, concomitant deletion of one allele of Spry1 and Spry2 also recapitulates the genital phenotype of Spry1Y53A/+ mice with high penetrance. Mechanistically, we show that unlike the effects of Spry1 in kidney development, these caudal WD defects are independent of Ret signaling, but can be completely rescued by lowering the genetic dosage of Fgf10. In conclusion, mutation of tyrosine 53 of Spry1 generates a dominant negative allele that uncovers fine-tuning of caudal WD development by Sprouty genes.
The geometric distribution of Selmer groups of elliptic curves over function fields
Authors: Feng Tony , Landesman Aaron , Rains Eric M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFix a positive integer n and a finite field $${\mathbb {F}}_q$$

F
q

. We study the joint distribution of the rank $${{\,\mathrm{rk}\,}}(E)$$

rk

(
E
)

, the n-Selmer group $$\text {Sel}_n(E)$$

Sel
n

(
E
)

, and the n-torsion in the Tate–Shafarevich group "Equation missing" as E varies over elliptic curves of fixed height $$d \ge 2$$

d
≥
2

over $${\mathbb {F}}_q(t)$$

F
q

(
t
)

. We compute this joint distribution in the large q limit. We also show that the “large q, then large height” limit of this distribution agrees with the one predicted by Bhargava–Kane–Lenstra–Poonen–Rains.
Separating Proactive Conservation from Species Listing Decisions
Authors: Kovach Adrienne I. , Cheeseman Amanda E. , Cohen Jonathan B. , Rittenhouse Chadwick D. , Whipps Christopher M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractProactive Conservation is a paradigm of natural resource management in the United States that encourages voluntary, collaborative efforts to restore species before they need to be protected through government regulations. This paradigm is widely used to conserve at-risk species today, and when used in conjunction with the Policy for Evaluation of Conservation Efforts (PECE), it allows for successful conservation actions to preclude listing of species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Despite the popularity of this paradigm, and recent flagship examples of its use (e.g., greater sage grouse, Centrocercus urophasianus), critical assessments of the outcomes of Proactive Conservation are lacking from the standpoint of species status and recovery metrics. Here, we provide such an evaluation, using the New England cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis), heralded as a success of Proactive Conservation efforts in the northeastern United States, as a case study. We review the history and current status of the species, based on the state of the science, in the context of the Conservation Initiative, and the 2015 PECE decision not to the list the species under the ESA. In addition to the impacts of the PECE decision on the New England cottontail conservation specifically, our review also evaluates the benefits and limits of the Proactive Conservation paradigm more broadly, and we make recommendations for its role in relation to ESA implementation for the future of at-risk species management. We find that the status and assurances for recovery under the PECE policy, presented at the time of the New England cottontail listing decision, were overly optimistic, and the status of the species has worsened in subsequent years. We suggest that use of PECE to avoid listing may occur because of the perception of the ESA as a punitive law and a misconception that it is a failure, although very few listed species have gone extinct. Redefining recovery to decouple it from delisting and instead link it to probability of persistence under recommended conservation measures would remove some of the stigma of listing, and it would strengthen the role of Species Status Assessments in endangered species conservation.
Re-thinking the possible interaction between proton pump inhibitors and capecitabine
Authors: Jeong Soo Hee , Molloy Lara , Ang Edmond , Helsby Nuala 
Published: September 2022

AbstractProton Pump Inhibitors (PPI) rank within the top ten most prescribed medications in Europe and USA. A high frequency of PPI use has been reported amongst patients undergoing chemotherapy, to mitigate treatment-induced gastritis or gastro-oesophageal reflux. Several recent, mostly retrospective, observational studies have reported inferior survival outcomes among patients on capecitabine who concomitantly use PPI. Whilst this association is yet to be definitively established, given the prominence of capecitabine as an anti-cancer treatment with multiple indications, these reports have raised concern within the oncological community and drug regulatory bodies worldwide. Currently, the leading mechanism of interaction postulated in these reports has focussed on the pH altering effects of PPI and how this could diminish capecitabine absorption, leading to a decrease in its bioavailability. In this discourse, we endeavour to summarise plausible pharmacokinetic interactions between PPI and capecitabine. We provide a basis for our argument against the currently proposed mechanism of interaction. We also highlight the long-term effects of PPI on health outcomes, and how PPI use itself could lead to poorer outcomes, independent of capecitabine.
A versatile SPH modeling framework for coupled microfluid-powder dynamics in additive manufacturing: binder jetting, material jetting, directed energy deposition and powder bed fusion
Authors: Fuchs Sebastian L. , Praegla Patrick M. , Cyron Christian J. , Wall Wolfgang A. , Meier Christoph 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany additive manufacturing (AM) technologies rely on powder feedstock, which is fused to form the final part either by melting or by chemical binding with subsequent sintering. In both cases, process stability and resulting part quality depend on dynamic interactions between powder particles and a fluid phase, i.e., molten metal or liquid binder. The present work proposes a versatile computational modeling framework for simulating such coupled microfluid-powder dynamics problems involving thermo-capillary flow and reversible phase transitions. In particular, a liquid and a gas phase are interacting with a solid phase that consists of a substrate and mobile powder particles while simultaneously considering temperature-dependent surface tension and wetting effects. In case of laser–metal interactions, the effect of rapid evaporation is incorporated through additional mechanical and thermal interface fluxes. All phase domains are spatially discretized using smoothed particle hydrodynamics. The method’s Lagrangian nature is beneficial in the context of dynamically changing interface topologies due to phase transitions and coupled microfluid-powder dynamics. Special care is taken in the formulation of phase transitions, which is crucial for the robustness of the computational scheme. While the underlying model equations are of a very general nature, the proposed framework is especially suitable for the mesoscale modeling of various AM processes. To this end, the generality and robustness of the computational modeling framework is demonstrated by several application-motivated examples representing the specific AM processes binder jetting, material jetting, directed energy deposition, and powder bed fusion. Among others, it is shown how the dynamic impact of droplets in binder jetting or the evaporation-induced recoil pressure in powder bed fusion leads to powder motion, distortion of the powder packing structure, and powder particle ejection.
Maneuver protocol for outpatient telemetric intracranial pressure monitoring in hydrocephalus patients
Authors: Pennacchietti Valentina , Schaumann Andreas , Thomale Ulrich-Wilhelm 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Telemetric intracranial pressure measurement (tICPM) offers new opportunities to acquire objective information in shunted and non-shunted patients. The sensor reservoir (SR) provides tICPM modality at a decent sampling rate as an integrated component of the CSF shunt system. The aim of this study is to perform tICPM during a defined protocol of maneuvers in an outpatient setting as feasibility study including either shunt-dependent patients or candidates for possible shunt therapy.

Methods
A total of 17 patients received a SR and were investigated within a protocol of maneuver measurements involving different body postures (90°, 10°, 0°, and − 10°), breathing patterns (hypo- and hyperventilation), and mild venous congestion (Valsalva, Jugular vein compression), while the latter two were performed in lying postures (10° and 0°). The cohort included 11 shunted and 6 non-shunted (stand-alone-SR) patients. All measurements were evaluated using an ICP-analysis software (ICPicture, Miethke, Germany) looking at ICP changes and amplitude (AMP) characteristics.

Results
The shunted patient group consisted of 11 patients (median age: 15.8 years; range: 4–35.2 years) with either a primary shunt (n=9) and 2 patients received a shunt after stand-alone-SR tICPM. Six patients were enrolled with a stand-alone SR (median age 11.9 years, range 3.6–17.7 years). In the stand-alone SR group, maneuver related ICP and AMP changes were more sensitive compared to shunted patients. Postural maneuvers caused significant ICP changes in all body positions in both groups. The highest ICP values were seen during Valsalva maneuver, provoked by the patients themselves. In the stand-alone group, significant higher ICP values during hyperventilation were observed compared to shunted individuals. In shunted patients, a significant correlation between ICP and AMP was observed only during hyperventilation maneuver, while this correlation was additionally seen in Valsalva and jugular vein compression in stand-alone patients.

Conclusion
SR-related tICPM is helpful to objectify diagnostic evaluation in patients with CSF dynamic disturbances. The defined protocol did result in a wide range of ICP changes with promising potential for effective outpatient tICPM investigation. Since the correlation of ICP and AMP was observed during mild venous congestion maneuvers it appears to be specifically helpful for the evaluation of intracranial compliance. Further investigations of maneuver-related tICPM in a larger population, including variable pathologies, are needed to further establish the protocol in the clinical practice.
Multi-time scale control of Southern Ocean diapycnal mixing over Atlantic tracer budgets
Authors: Ellison Elizabeth , Cimoli Laura , Mashayek Ali 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOceanic cross-density (diapycnal) mixing helps sustain the ocean density stratification and its Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) and is key to global tracer distributions. The Southern Ocean (SO) is a key region where different overturning cells connect, allowing nutrient and carbon rich Indian and Pacific deep waters, and oxygen rich Atlantic deep waters to resurface. The SO is also rife with intense diapycnal mixing due to the interaction of energetic eddies and currents with rough topography. SO diapycnal mixing is believed to be of secondary importance for the MOC. Here we show that changes to SO mixing can cause significant alterations to biogeochemical tracer distributions over short and long time scales in an idealized model of the AMOC (Atlantic MOC). While such alterations are dominated by the direct impact of changes in diapycnal mixing on tracer fluxes on annual to decadal time scales, on centennial time scales they are dominated by the mixing-induced variations in the advective transport of the tracers by the AMOC. This work suggests that an accurate representation of spatio-temporally variable local and non-local mixing processes in the SO is essential for climate models’ ability to (i) simulate the global biogeochemical cycles and air sea carbon fluxes on decadal time scales, (ii) represent the indirect impact of mixing-induced changes to AMOC on biogeochemical cycles on longer time scales.
Morphological adaptations of the mouthparts to the ectoparasitic lifestyle of the biting midge Forcipomyia paludis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), specialized in Odonata
Authors: Büsse Sebastian , Wildermuth Hansruedi , Gorb Stanislav N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDamselflies and dragonflies are well-known hosts of the West Palaearctic biting midge Forcipomyia paludis. Females of this ectoparasitic dipteran mainly cling to the host’s wings, sucking hemolymph from the wing veins. The midges are firmly attached to the wing surface with specialized tarsi, thus not being flung away during the host’s flight maneuvers. As for another ceratopogonid—F. odonatophila from New Guinea—had been suggested, we assumed that in F. paludis, the attachment would be reinforced by the mouthparts during the suction action. In the present study, we used behavioral field observations, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution micro-computed tomography (µCT), to study the mouthparts of F. paludis. We focused on the mouthpart configuration post sucking and thus on the contact with the host's wing as well as on the piercing process into the wing veins. We foster our understanding of F. paludis being a parasite of Odonata by showing proof of the piercing and therefore the sucking of hemolymph from the wings. Additionally, the mouthparts clearly show contamination with odonate wing wax after the sucking procedure. Furthermore, we discuss probable additional functions of the piercing process for the firm attachment to the flying host of F. paludis.
A quantitative synthesis of and predictive framework for studying winter warming effects in reptiles
Authors: Moss Jeanette B. , MacLeod Kirsty J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIncreases in temperature related to global warming have important implications for organismal fitness. For ectotherms inhabiting temperate regions, ‘winter warming’ is likely to be a key source of the thermal variation experienced in future years. Studies focusing on the active season predict largely positive responses to warming in the reptiles; however, overlooking potentially deleterious consequences of warming during the inactive season could lead to biased assessments of climate change vulnerability. Here, we review the overwinter ecology of reptiles, and test specific predictions about the effects of warming winters, by performing a meta-analysis of all studies testing winter warming effects on reptile traits to date. We collated information from observational studies measuring responses to natural variation in temperature in more than one winter season, and experimental studies which manipulated ambient temperature during the winter season. Available evidence supports that most reptiles will advance phenologies with rising winter temperatures, which could positively affect fitness by prolonging the active season although effects of these shifts are poorly understood. Conversely, evidence for shifts in survivorship and body condition in response to warming winters was equivocal, with disruptions to biological rhythms potentially leading to unforeseen fitness ramifications. Our results suggest that the effects of warming winters on reptile species are likely to be important but highlight the need for more data and greater integration of experimental and observational approaches. To improve future understanding, we recap major knowledge gaps in the published literature of winter warming effects in reptiles and outline a framework for future research.
Is natural variability really natural? The case of Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation investigated by a neural network model
Authors: Pasini Antonello , Amendola Stefano , Federbusch Emmanuel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIs Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation a genuine representation of natural variability in the climate system? Or perhaps is it strongly forced by external drivers? In this paper, a data-driven attribution investigation has been performed for the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) behaviour in the past via a machine learning technique, NN modelling. We clearly see a forced nature of AMO in the last 150 years, with a strong contribution of the forcing coming from anthropogenic sulphates, which induces its typical oscillating behaviour. The following original application of our model to future predictions of the AMO behaviour shows that it shall probably lose its oscillating characteristic features. The only way to recover them is to consider an unrealistic increase in anthropogenic sulphates in the future under a strong mitigation scenario, and possibly a low-power solar regime. Due to the established influence of AMO on climate and meteorological phenomena in several regions of the world, our results can be important to better understand the past and envisage several future scenarios.