bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the InsurTech dynamics in the transformation of the insurance sector
Authors: Sosa Iván , Montes Óscar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInsurTechs have transformed the insurance sector by becoming a fundamental role in leveraging technology to respond to business and costumers needs, driving solutions based on the availability of new data sources, the interconnectivity among actors, or even access to new possibilities in terms of risk hedging. InsurTechs can be seen as innovations occurring simultaneously that have disrupted, accelerated, and enhanced the transformation of the insurance sector. However, to date, there is a significant research gap to understand how InsurTechs have been responsible for this transformation. For this purpose, qualitative research has been carried out, through the analysis of 150 InsurTechs, based on grounded theory methodology. This study has a threefold objective. First, to identify what has driven InsurTechs; second, to discover what types of innovations have emerged, and third, to understand the dynamics of InsurTech. Findings have identified five InsurTech driving capabilities that have been instrumental in boosting innovations in the insurance sector. These five capabilities suggest 15 types of innovations that have transformed the insurance sector. Finally, these 15 innovations suggest three waves that provide insights for understanding how InsurTech Dynamics has transformed the traditional structure of the insurance sector leading to a dynamic user‐centric ecosystem.
When right ventricular pressure meets volume: The impact of arrival time of reflected waves on right ventricle load in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Fukumitsu Masafumi , Groeneveldt Joanne A. , Braams Natalia J. , Bayoumy Ahmed A. , Marcus J. Tim , Meijboom Lilian J. , de Man Frances S. , Bogaard Harm‐Jan , Vonk Noordegraaf Anton , Westerhof Berend E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRight ventricular (RV) wall tension in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is determined not only by pressure, but also by RV volume. A larger volume at a given pressure generates more wall tension. Return of reflected waves early after the onset of contraction, when RV volume is larger, may augment RV load. We aimed to elucidate: (1) the distribution of arrival times of peak reflected waves in treatment‐naïve PAH patients; (2) the relationship between time of arrival of reflected waves and RV morphology; and (3) the effect of PAH treatment on the arrival time of reflected waves. Wave separation analysis was conducted in 68 treatment‐naïve PAH patients. In the treatment‐naïve condition, 54% of patients had mid‐systolic return of reflected waves (defined as 34–66% of systole). Despite similar pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), patients with mid‐systolic return had more pronounced RV hypertrophy compared to those with late‐systolic or diastolic return (RV mass/body surface area; mid‐systolic return 54.6 ± 12.6 g m–2, late‐systolic return 44.4 ± 10.1 g m–2, diastolic return 42.8 ± 13.1 g m–2). Out of 68 patients, 43 patients were further examined after initial treatment. At follow‐up, the stiffness of the proximal arteries, given as characteristic impedance, decreased from 0.12 to 0.08 mmHg s mL–1. Wave speed was attenuated from 13.3 to 9.1 m s–1, and the return of reflected waves was delayed from 64% to 71% of systole. In conclusion, reflected waves arrive at variable times in PAH. Early return of reflected waves was associated with more RV hypertrophy. PAH treatment not only decreased PVR, but also delayed the timing of reflected waves.Key points
Right ventricular (RV) wall tension in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is determined not only by pressure, but also by RV volume. Larger volume at a given pressure causes larger RV wall tension.
Early return of reflected waves adds RV pressure in early systole, when RV volume is relatively large. Thus, early return of reflected waves may increase RV wall tension. Wave reflection can provide a description of RV load.
In PAH, reflected waves arrive back at variable times. In over half of PAH patients, the RV is exposed to mid‐systolic return of reflected waves. Mid‐systolic return of reflected waves is related to RV hypertrophy.
PAH treatment acts favourably on the RV not only by reducing resistance, but also by delaying the return of reflected waves.
Arrival timing of reflected waves is an important parameter for understanding the relationship between RV load and its function in PAH.
On Solutions of the Stiff Differential Equations in Chemistry Kinetics With Fractal-Fractional Derivatives
Authors: Farman Muhammad , Aslam Muhammad , Akgül Ali , Jarad Fahd 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the stiff systems of ordinary differential equations arising from chemistry kinetics. We develop the fractional order model for chemistry kinetics problems by using the new fractal operator such as fractal fractional and Atangana-Toufik scheme. Recently a deep concept of fractional differentiation with nonlocal and nonsingular kernel was introduced to extend the limitations of the conventional Riemann–Liouville and Caputo fractional derivatives. Many scientific results are presented in the paper and also prove these results by effective numerical results. These concepts are very important to use for real-life problems like Brine tank cascade, Recycled Brine tank cascade, pond pollution, home heating, and biomass transfer problem. These results are very important for solving the nonlinear model in chemistry kinetics which will be helpful to understand the chemical reactions and their actual behavior; also the observation can be developed for future kinematic chemical reactions with the help of these results.
An Overview of Higher-Order Beam Elements Based on the Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation
Authors: Wang Tengfei , Mikkola Aki , Matikainen Marko K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, beam elements with particular emphasis on higher-order elements based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) are thoroughly investigated from the perspective of interpolation procedure and numerical performance. A straightforward and modularized procedure to construct the shape function is proposed. Based on the unified shape function formulation, the research examines how axial and transverse interpolation strategies impact element performance. Two beams in the pure bending scenario are analyzed. The comparison study reveals that higher-order interpolation in the axial and transverse directions is necessary to represent the highly curved deformation modes and alleviate Poisson locking. The Princeton beam and a thicker beam are then studied to assess the accuracy, convergence, and numerical stability of different beam elements. Conclusions are: (1) Higher-order beam elements are generally more accurate but converge more slowly. (2) To guarantee high accuracy, a complete set of transverse quadratic gradients must be adopted in the quadratic elements, and a higher-order transverse interpolation is necessary to capture the warping effect. (3) To avoid slow convergence, the axial order should not be lower than the transverse order. (4) Higher-order beam elements lead to a stiffness matrix with a larger condition number. With an inappropriate length to cross section ratio, the transverse cubic element results in an ill-conditioned stiffness matrix that brings numerical instability. (5) The numerical stability of higher-order beam elements are more sensitive to the length to cross section ratio of the meshed beam.
Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Single-Phase Flows in Tapered Microchannels
Authors: Moreira Debora C. , Ribatski Gherhardt , Kandlikar Satish G. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a comparison of heat transfer and pressure drop during single-phase flows inside diverging, converging, and uniform microgaps using distilled water as the working fluid. The microgaps were created with a plain 10 mm × 10 mm heated copper surface and a polysulfone cover that was either uniform or tapered with an angle of 3.4 deg, and average gap heights of 400 and 800 μm. Experiments were conducted with single-phase water flow with an inlet temperature of 30 °C for flow rates varying from 57 to 498 mL/min and heat flux from 27 to 153 W/cm2 depending on the flowrate and microgap configuration. The uniform configuration resulted in the lowest pressure drop due to the less constricted flow. A slight decrease of pressure drop with heat flux was observed due to temperature dependent properties. The best heat transfer performance was obtained with the converging configuration, which was especially significant at low flow rates and shorter average gap. This behavior could be explained by an increase in the heat transfer coefficient due to flow acceleration in the converging gaps, which compensates for the decrease in temperature difference between the fluid and the surface along the flow length. Overall, the converging microgaps have better performance than uniform or diverging ones for single-phase flows, and this effect is more pronounced at lower flow rates, where the fluid experiences higher temperature changes.
REVISITING THE ROLE OF THE OIL CURSE AND ITS TRANSMISSION CHANNELS IN SHAPING PETROSTATES’ GROWTH: AN EVIDENCE FROM A QUANTILE REGRESSION
Authors: ERTIMI BASEM , SARMIDI TAMAT , KHALID NORLIN , ALI MOHD HELMI 
Published: April 2022

This paper aims to uncover the oil curse by presenting the distinctive characteristics of petrostates. Furthermore, it also clusters the countries to determine the mechanisms of oil resources by the importance of each transmission channel. Fixed and random effect models are performed, coupled with quantile regression. The results are threefold. First, oil abundance is favorable for economic growth. Second, oil dependence indirectly hinders growth by transmission mechanisms: in petrostates, the effect of indirect channel is the greatest by inhibiting human capital, the Dutch disease effect, which cripples the economic growth and by the increase in government intervention; and the institution effect turns to be positive. However, in non-petrostates, the greatest impact is experienced by different indirect channels. This study has further deepened our perception of the “oil curse” hypothesis and its transmission channels. Transmission channels determine whether natural resources are a curse or a blessing.
Consistency in Management Earnings Guidance Patterns
Authors: Tang Michael Minye 
Published: April 2022

Synopsis The research problem I examine management earnings guidance patterns measured by the specific quarters in which a firm issues guidance each year. Using a constant sample, I document that a large and increasing percentage of firms provide guidance in consistent patterns over consecutive years, suggesting that the benchmark of their current guidance provision should be their prior guidance, not no guidance as implicitly assumed in prior empirical research that focuses on guidance levels. Motivation and theoretical reasoning I study changes in guidance provision to recognize firms’ prior guidance as their benchmark, which is also consistent with survey evidence (e.g., Graham et al. , 2005 ) and the dynamic disclosure theory (e.g., Einhorn & Ziv , 2008 ) that managers’ default disclosure choice is likely their prior disclosure practice rather than no disclosure at all. The test hypotheses Controlling for known guidance determinants, I hypothesize that firms with consistent (but not necessarily frequent) past guidance act more like regular guiders; their subsequent guidance provisions are less likely to change and are less sensitive to guidance determinants. Adopted methodology and findings Controlling for known guidance determinants, I find that firms with consistent (but not necessarily frequent) past guidance act more like regular guiders; their subsequent guidance provisions are less likely to change and are less sensitive to guidance determinants. These results are robust to using a sample matched on the propensity of issuing consistent guidance in the past and to using a two-stage model that explicitly models the past guidance consistency. Furthermore, I find that the timing and the precision of guidance with a consistent pattern exhibit less temporal variability than guidance with an inconsistent pattern. Target audience and implications Overall, while prior studies use past guidance frequency to identify regular guiders, my findings suggest that the consistency in past guidance patterns can significantly refine this identification. Moreover, to better understand managers’ guidance decisions, researchers can recognize a firm’s past guidance as the benchmark (i.e., the default choice) of its current guidance by examining the changes in guidance patterns.
Higher Mean Arterial Pressure during Cardiopulmonary Bypass May Not Prevent Acute Kidney Injury in Elderly Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Ge Yunfen , Behera Tapas Ranjan , Yu Ming , Xie Shuyang , Chen Yue , Mao Hui , Xu Qiong , Zhao Yu , Zhang Shuijun , Shen Quanquan 
Published: April 2022

We aimed to evaluate the role of higher mean arterial pressure (MAP) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in preventing development of acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods. We evaluated a population of elderly individuals >60 years of age undergoing CPB to find correlation of MAP during CPB with development of AKI after the surgery. Patients who experienced sustained low MAP during the CPB defined as that of <65 mmHg were compared with those that had sustained high MAP of >65 mmHg for their outcome with regard to AKI. The KDIGO criteria were used to define presence of acute kidney injury. Results. Of the total 92 patients, 50 were in the low-pressure group and 42 were in the high-pressure group. The MAP was 61.14 ± 5.54 mmHg in the low-pressure group and 68.97 ± 3.65 mmHg in the high-pressure group (

p

< 0.001). 13 (26%) in the low-pressure group and 17 (40.48%) in the high-pressure group developed AKI (

p

= 0.140). Male sex was associated with an increased incidence of cardiac surgery-associated AKI (

p

= 0.034). Conclusions. A higher MAP in the range of 65–75 mmHg during the cardiopulmonary bypass does not significantly prevent acute kidney injury in elderly patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery.
Convection Enhanced Delivery of the Oncolytic Adenovirus Delta24-RGD in Patients with Recurrent GBM: A Phase I Clinical Trial Including Correlative Studies
Authors: van Putten Erik H.P. , Kleijn Anne , van Beusechem Victor W. , Noske David , Lamers Cor H.J. , de Goede Anna L. , Idema Sander , Hoefnagel Daphna , Kloezeman Jenneke J. , Fueyo Juan , Lang Frederick F. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Vernhout René M. , Bakker Cathy , Gerritsen Winald , Curiel David T. , Vulto Arnold , Lamfers Martine L.M. , Dirven Clemens M.F. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Testing safety of Delta24-RGD (DNX-2401), an oncolytic adenovirus, locally delivered by convection enhanced delivery (CED) in tumor and surrounding brain of patients with recurrent glioblastoma.

Patients and Methods:
Dose-escalation phase I study with 3+3 cohorts, dosing 107 to 1 × 1011 viral particles (vp) in 20 patients. Besides clinical parameters, adverse events, and radiologic findings, blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), brain interstitial fluid, and excreta were sampled over time and analyzed for presence of immune response, viral replication, distribution, and shedding.

Results:
Of 20 enrolled patients, 19 received the oncolytic adenovirus Delta24-RGD, which was found to be safe and feasible. Four patients demonstrated tumor response on MRI, one with complete regression and still alive after 8 years. Most serious adverse events were attributed to increased intracranial pressure caused by either an inflammatory reaction responding to steroid treatment or viral meningitis being transient and self-limiting. Often viral DNA concentrations in CSF increased over time, peaking after 2 to 4 weeks and remaining up to 3 months. Concomitantly Th1- and Th2-associated cytokine levels and numbers of CD3+ T and natural killer cells increased. Posttreatment tumor specimens revealed increased numbers of macrophages and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. No evidence of viral shedding in excreta was observed.

Conclusions:
CED of Delta24-RGD not only in the tumor but also in surrounding brain is safe, induces a local inflammatory reaction, and shows promising clinical responses.
Preclinical Modeling of Leiomyosarcoma Identifies Susceptibility to Transcriptional CDK Inhibitors through Antagonism of E2F-Driven Oncogenic Gene Expression
Authors: Hemming Matthew L. , Bhola Patrick , Loycano Michael A. , Anderson Justin A. , Taddei Madeleine L. , Doyle Leona A. , Lavrova Elizaveta , Andersen Jessica L. , Klega Kelly S. , Benson Morgan R. , Crompton Brian D. , Raut Chandrajit P. , George Suzanne , Letai Anthony , Demetri George D. , Sicinska Ewa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a neoplasm characterized by smooth muscle differentiation, complex copy-number alterations, tumor suppressor loss, and the absence of recurrent driver mutations. Clinical management for advanced disease relies on the use of empiric cytotoxic chemotherapy with limited activity, and novel targeted therapies supported by preclinical research on LMS biology are urgently needed. A lack of fidelity of established LMS cell lines to their mesenchymal neoplasm of origin has limited translational understanding of this disease, and few other preclinical models have been established. Here, we characterize patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of LMS, assessing fidelity to their tumors of origin and performing preclinical evaluation of candidate therapies.

Experimental Design:
We implanted 49 LMS surgical samples into immunocompromised mice. Engrafting tumors were characterized by histology, targeted next-generation sequencing, RNA sequencing, and ultra-low passage whole-genome sequencing. Candidate therapies were selected based on prior evidence of pathway activation or high-throughput dynamic BH3 profiling.

Results:
We show that LMS PDX maintain the histologic appearance, copy-number alterations, and transcriptional program of their parental tumors across multiple xenograft passages. Transcriptionally, LMS PDX cocluster with paired LMS patient-derived samples and differ primarily in host-related immunologic and microenvironment signatures. We identify susceptibility of LMS PDX to transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibition, which disrupts an E2F-driven oncogenic transcriptional program and inhibits tumor growth.

Conclusions:
Our results establish LMS PDX as valuable preclinical models and identify strategies to discover novel vulnerabilities in this disease. These data support the clinical assessment of transcriptional CDK inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for patients with LMS.
Long-Term Survival, Stroke Recurrence, and Life Expectancy After an Acute Stroke in Australia and New Zealand From 2008–2017: A Population-Wide Cohort Study
Authors: Peng Yang , Ngo Linh , Hay Karen , Alghamry Alaa , Colebourne Kathryn , Ranasinghe Isuru 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Data on long-term outcomes following an acute stroke are sparse. We assessed survival, risk of recurrent stroke and loss in life expectancy following an acute stroke using population-wide data from Australia and New Zealand.

Methods:
We included all adults with the first stroke hospitalization during 2008 and 2017 at all public and most private hospitals. Patients were followed up to 10 years after the stroke by linkage to each region’s Registry of Deaths and subsequent hospitalizations. Flexible parametric survival modeling was used to estimate all-cause mortality, stroke recurrence, and loss in life expectancy. Competing risk model was used when estimating the risk of stroke recurrence.

Results:
Three hundred thirteen thousand one hundred sixty-two patients were included (mean age 73.0±14.6 y, 52.0% males) with ischemic stroke (175 547, 56.1%) being the most common, followed by hemorrhagic stroke (77 940, 24.9%) and unspecified stroke (59 675, 19.1%). The overall survival probability was 79.4% at 3 months, 73.0% at 1 year, 52.8% at 5 years, and 36.4% at 10 years. Cumulative incidence of stroke recurrence was 7.8% at 3 months, 11.0% at 1 year, 19.8% at 5 years, and 26.8% at 10 years. Hemorrhagic stroke was associated with greater mortality (hazard ratio, 2.02 [95% CI, 1.99–2.04]) and recurrent stroke (hazard ratio, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.59–1.67]) compared with ischemic stroke. Female sex (hazard ratio, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.09–1.11]) and increasing age (≥85 years versus 18–54 years: hazard ratio, 7.36 [95% CI, 7.15–7.57]) were also associated with increased mortality. Several risk factors including atherosclerotic coronary and noncoronary vascular disease, cardiac arrhythmia, and diabetes were associated with increased risk of mortality and recurrent stroke. Compared with the general population, an acute stroke was associated with a loss of 5.5 years of life expectancy, or 32.7% of the predicted life expectancy, and was pronounced in patients with a hemorrhagic stroke (7.4 years and 38.5% of predicted life expectancy lost).

Conclusions:
In this population-wide study, death and recurrence of stroke were common after an acute stroke and an acute stroke was associated with considerable loss in life expectancy. Further improvements in treatment and secondary prevention of stroke are needed to reduce these risks.
How Do Right-Wing Populist Parties Influence Climate and Renewable Energy Policies? Evidence from OECD Countries
Authors: Lockwood Ben , Lockwood Matthew 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
There is increasing evidence that right-wing populist parties (RWPPs) and their supporters are hostile to climate and low-carbon energy policies. In this article, we provide a quantitative analysis of the effects of RWPP representation in the legislature and executive on climate and renewable energy policy for a number of countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development over the period 2007–2018. After controlling for other political, economic, and environmental factors, we find evidence for a significant and large negative effect of RWPPs in power on climate policy. Importantly, we also show that these negative effects vary with the proportionality of the electoral system and European Union membership. Both of these factors significantly moderate the negative influence of RWPPs. In countries with majoritarian electoral systems, the effects of RWPPs on climate policy work through both indirect legislative and direct executive routes. In contrast to climate policy, there is no overall significant relationship with renewable policy.
Impacts of Serving a Mission for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints on Individuals’ Attitudes toward Immigrants
Authors: Chou Hui-Tzu Grace , Shiles Alisse 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study examines how serving a mission for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) affects individuals’ attitudes toward immigrants. Several hypotheses were developed based on intergroup contact theory. An online survey was filled out by 1,290 undergraduate students taking classes at a state university in Utah. Multivariate analyses yielded several findings. First, those who have served an LDS mission hold a more positive attitude toward immigrants than other individuals. Second, missionaries serving in some mission fields hold a more positive attitude toward immigrants than their counterparts, including those who needed to learn and speak a new language during their mission, those who served the mission in Latin America, those who received help from people of other countries during their mission, and those serving in places with either a lower or similar living standard. Surprisingly, being a victim of violence from people of other countries during the mission did not exert a significant impact on respondents’ attitudes toward immigrants.