bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual Violence and Restorative Justice
Authors: Keenan Marie , Zinsstag Estelle 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This book examines the degree to which restorative justice can contribute to a more enhanced justice response than that currently offered by criminal legal approaches alone, to victims, offenders, and their communities in cases of sexual crime. Concerned by the high attrition rates for sexual crime and the secondary victimisation reported in victim accounts, annual reports from court and prosecutor services, and the empirical literature, the book analyses the extent to which restorative justice can address the justice gap that exists in current justice provision. Building on clinical experience and earlier research on sexual crime the researchers engage with the complex dynamics and traumatic impact of sexual violence as a critical starting point for their research and examine whether restorative justice can be appropriate for this crime too. The book presents extensive new data on restorative justice as applied in sexual violence cases across the globe. It engages with feminist concerns regarding the traumatic impact of sexual violence and the potential for re-traumatisation; the power imbalances that characterise these offences and the potential for re-victimisation; the potential for coercion of the victim to participate in the process; the potential for manipulation of restorative justice by the offender; and the potential that restorative justice could lead to the reprivatisation of sexual crime and ultimately to its decriminalisation. Having examined these topics in detail the book concludes there is an important role for restorative justice as a victim centred service in addressing the justice gap that exists after sexual crime and offers guidance on how this can be achieved.
A thematic analysis of policies and practices in five European countries
Authors: Keenan Marie , Zinsstag Estelle 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The chapter is based on data gathered during study visits the researchers undertook in a number of different European countries, including Belgium, Denmark, Norway, Ireland, and the Netherlands. The data is analysed thematically and compared, in order to understand some of the unique as well as common characteristics, features, and challenges of these practices. These countries were chosen as they all already have instances of practices of restorative justice in cases of sexual violence but with different approaches and varying degrees of development and challenges. The themes explored include service development, pathways, and funding, legislation, reporting duties, timing of practices, interagency work, training of facilitators, and challenges encountered by the practices.
Past and current initiatives
Authors: Keenan Marie , Zinsstag Estelle 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter presents six profiles of initiatives or organisations that have offered or are currently offering in diverse forms and methodologies restorative justice in cases of sexual violence. They show the diversity of initiatives and possibilities, some are fully restorative and some alternative or quasi-restorative. The types of sexual crimes vary from stranger rape to sibling sexual abuse, sexual abuse committed by priests, and campus sexual violence. The initiatives are located in Europe (AIM in the UK, Moderator in Belgium, and Triptiek in the Netherlands) and North America (Brown University Transformative Justice Initiative and the Green Bay Correctional Institute, both in the USA).
Against War
Authors: Ndlovu-Gatsheni Sabelo J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter articulates the contributions of Olof Palme to the struggles for justice and peace. Its entry point is the broader issue of the constitution of the political in Western political thought predicated on such elements as the paradigm of difference (racism), the will to power, and the paradigm of war (homo polemos/warrior tradition/friend-foe dialectic). The key thesis is how these logics enabled enslavement, conquest, colonialism, imperialism, world wars, arms race, nuclear proliferation, and notions/realities of superpowers with monopoly of weapons of mass destruction as the antithesis of justice and peace. Plame enters the scene in the post-Second World War, which was dominated by the wave of decolonization, struggles for liberation, and global ideological rivalry known as the Cold War. What distinguished Palme’s politics and public diplomacy activism was his advocacy for East-West détente targeting the Cold War and subverting bipolarism, consistent advocacy for nuclear disbarment, strong belief in social democracy and equality, building of North-South dialogue, open support for Third World (Global South) liberation as he considered colonialism and apartheid as threats to world peace, and promotion of Global South solidarity (solidarity of small states).
Clinical trials for accelerating pandemic vaccines
Authors: Więcek Witold 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe provide a short overview of clinical trials of vaccines, with particular focus on (i) adaptive and platform trials, (ii) human challenge trials, and (iii) vaccine use optimization, especially fractional dosing. We describe their relationship with regulatory approval and review main developments during Covid-19. We review the literature on risk–benefit analyses of alternative testing approaches but find few results, suggesting need for further quantitative research. We conclude by discussing some lessons for the next pandemic, such as the need for pre-pandemic R&D and clear guidelines; improving capability to use new trial approaches; arguments for diversifying research methods; research incentives and disincentives; and the need to use risk–benefit in approving new vaccines and targeting.
Auxin contributes to jasmonate-mediated regulation of abscisic acid signaling during seed germination in Arabidopsis
Authors: Mei Song , Zhang Minghui , Ye Jingwen , Du Jiancan , Jiang Yanjuan , Hu Yanru 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) represses seed germination and postgerminative growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. Auxin and jasmonic acid (JA) stimulate ABA function; however, the possible synergistic effects of auxin and JA on ABA signaling and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that exogenous auxin works synergistically with JA to enhance the ABA-induced delay of seed germination. Auxin biosynthesis, perception, and signaling are crucial for JA-promoted ABA responses. The auxin-dependent transcription factors AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR10 (ARF10) and ARF16 interact with JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) repressors of JA signaling. ARF10 and ARF16 positively mediate JA-increased ABA responses, and overaccumulation of ARF16 partially restores the hyposensitive phenotype of JAZ-accumulating plants defective in JA signaling in response to combined ABA and JA treatment. Furthermore, ARF10 and ARF16 physically associate with ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5), a critical regulator of ABA signaling, and the ability of ARF16 to stimulate JA-mediated ABA responses is mainly dependent on ABI5. ARF10 and ARF16 activate the transcriptional function of ABI5, whereas JAZ repressors antagonize their effects. Collectively, our results demonstrate that auxin contributes to the synergetic modulation of JA on ABA signaling, and explain the mechanism by which ARF10/16 coordinate with JAZ and ABI5 to integrate the auxin, JA, and ABA signaling pathways.
From Criticism to Collaboration: Politics of Naturalist Mothering in Turkey
Authors: Tanir Canan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNaturalist mothering has become a remarkably influential trend in the last decade, transforming the popular discourse of good motherhood in Turkey, especially among urban, highly educated, middle-class, and mostly upper-middle-class mothers. In this article, I examine the perception and presentation of naturalist mothering as a safe and ideal method of protection from health and environment risks by these affluent mothers. Foregrounding their narratives in the ongoing context of neoliberal conservatization in Turkey, and by bringing together debates on the social determinants of risk, neoliberal governmentality, and feminist political ecology, I argue that invoking naturalism as a safe alternative to perceived environmental threats reinforces the assignment of care labor to women. Despite originating in discontent and critique of the policies and regulations of the current conservative neoliberal government, the propagation of naturalist methods as a safer ideal in fact perpetuates gender inequalities already in play.
The FabA-FabB Pathway Is Not Essential for Unsaturated Fatty Acid Synthesis but Modulates Diffusible Signal Factor Synthesis in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
Authors: Yu Yong-Hong , Chen Cheng , Ma Jian-Rong , Zhang Yuan-Yin , Yan Ming-Feng , Zhang Wen-Bin , Hu Zhe , Wang Hai-Hong , Ma Jin-Cheng 
Published: December 2022

Most bacteria use type II fatty acid synthesis (FAS) systems for synthesizing fatty acids, of which the conserved FabA-FabB pathway is considered to be crucial for unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) synthesis in gram-negative bacteria. Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, the phytopathogen of black rot disease in crucifers, produces higher quantities of UFAs under low-temperature conditions for increasing membrane fluidity. The fabA and fabB genes were identified in the X. campestris pv. campestris genome by BLAST analysis; however, the growth of the X. campestris pv. campestris fabA and fabB deletion mutants was comparable to that of the wild-type strain in nutrient and minimal media. The X. campestris pv. campestris Δ fabA and Δ fabB strains produced large quantities of UFAs and, altogether, these results indicated that the FabA-FabB pathway is not essential for growth or UFA synthesis in X. campestris pv. campestris. We also observed that the expression of X. campestris pv. campestris fabA and fabB restored the growth of the temperature-sensitive Escherichia coli fabA and fabB mutants CL104 and CY242, respectively, under non-permissive conditions. The in-vitro assays demonstrated that the FabA and FabB proteins of X. campestris pv. campestris catalyzed FAS. Our study also demonstrated that the production of diffusible signal factor family signals that mediate quorum sensing was higher in the X. campestris pv. campestris Δ fabA and Δ fabB strains and greatly reduced in the complementary strains, which exhibited reduced swimming motility and attenuated host-plant pathogenicity. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Impact of Prenatal Cannabis Use Disorder on Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Prewitt Kristin C. , Hayer Sarena , Garg Bharti , Benson Ashley E. , Hedges Madeline A. , Caughey Aaron B. , Lo Jamie O. 
Published: December 2022

Objectives
With legislative changes to cannabis legalization and increasing prevalence of use, cannabis is the most commonly used federally illicit drug in pregnancy. Our study aims to assess the perinatal outcomes associated with prenatal cannabis use disorder.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using California linked hospital discharge-vital statistics data and included singleton, nonanomalous births occurring between 23 and 42 weeks of gestational age. χ2 Test and multivariable logistic regression were used for statistical analyses.

Results
A total of 2,380,446 patients were included, and 9144 (0.38%) were identified as using cannabis during pregnancy. There was a significantly increased risk for adverse birthing person outcomes, including gestational hypertension (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–1.34; P = 0.004), preeclampsia (AOR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.0–1.28; P = 0.006), preterm delivery (AOR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.35–1.55; P < 0.001), and severe maternal morbidity (AOR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.02–1.47; P = 0.033). Prenatal cannabis use disorder was also associated with an increased risk of neonatal outcomes including respiratory distress syndrome (AOR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.07–1.27; P < 0.001), small for gestational age (AOR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.38–1.56; P < 0.001), neonatal intensive care unit admission (AOR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.16–1.33; P < 0.001), and infant death (AOR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.44–2.41; P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in stillbirth (AOR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.69–1.34; P = 0.80) and hypoglycemia (AOR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.00–1.49; P = 0.045)

Conclusions
Our study suggests that prenatal cannabis use disorder is associated with increased maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. As cannabis use disorder in pregnancy is becoming more prevalent, our findings can help guide preconception and prenatal counseling.
Long-term Data on Graft-Related Complications After Sacrocolpopexy With Lightweight Compared With Heavier-Weight Mesh
Authors: Page Ann-Sophie , Cattani Laura , Pacquée Stefaan , Claerhout Filip , Callewaert Geertje , Housmans Susanne , Van der Aa Frank , D'Hoore André , Deprest Jan 
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVE:
To estimate the long-term incidence and characteristics of graft-related complications, rate of reintervention for graft-related complications and prolapse, and subjective and anatomical outcomes after laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy with heavier-weight (more than 44 g/m2) compared with lightweight (28 g/m2) polypropylene mesh, the latter with resorbable poliglecaprone component.

METHODS:
We conducted a single-center study that compared two consecutive prospective cohorts of patients who were undergoing laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for symptomatic stage 2 or greater cervical or vault prolapse, by using either heavier-weight polypropylene mesh or lightweight polypropylene mesh at a similar duration of follow-up. The primary outcome was the occurrence of graft-related complications and their nature. Secondary outcomes included reinterventions for graft-related complications, recurrent apical prolapse, a subjective outcome (PGIC [Patient Global Impression of Change] score 4 or higher), and an anatomical outcome (point C −1 cm or greater).

RESULTS:
We identified consecutive patients: 101 were implanted with heavier-weight polypropylene, and 238 were implanted with lightweight polypropylene; all were audited at comparable follow-up times (heavier-weight mesh: 97 months [interquartile range 16 months]; lightweight mesh: 92.5 months [interquartile range 58 months]). Graft-related complications were more frequent in patients with heavier-weight than lightweight mesh (22.8% [23/101] vs 7.3% [13/178]; hazard ratio [HR] 3.3, 95% CI 1.6–7.1), more frequently symptomatic (heavier-weight mesh: 16.8% [17/101] vs lightweight mesh: 2.8% [5/178]; HR 6.0, 95% CI 2.5–14.3), and more frequently lead to reintervention for graft-related complications (heavier-weight mesh: 18.8% [19/101] vs lightweight mesh: 2.1% [5/238]; HR 4.6, 95% CI 1.9–11.2). The vast majority of patients improved (PGIC score 4 or higher), without difference between groups (heavier-weight mesh: 71/84 [84.9%]; lightweight mesh: 154/178 [86.5%]; HR 0.8, 95% CI 0.6–1.1); neither was there a difference in anatomical failure rate (heavier-weight mesh: 1/60 [1.7%] vs lightweight mesh: 8/131 [6.1%]; HR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–1.4). Reoperations for recurrent vault prolapse were scarce (0.0% in heavier-weight mesh, vs 0.4% in lightweight mesh).

CONCLUSION:
In two consecutive cohorts, the number of graft-related complications, symptomatic graft-related complications, and reinterventions for graft-related complications were higher in patients implanted with heavier-weight polypropylene than when lightweight polypropylene was used. There were no differences in subjective, objective outcomes, and reoperation rates for prolapse.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04378400.

FUNDING:
To assist in this audit, the University Hospitals Leuven received support from Ethicon Endosurgery.
Incidence, Indications, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Emergency Peripartum Hysterectomy Worldwide
Authors: Kallianidis Athanasios F. , Rijntjes Douwe , Brobbel Carolien , Dekkers Olaf M. , Bloemenkamp Kitty W. M. , van den Akker Thomas 
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVE:
To describe the incidence, indications, risk factors, outcomes, and management of emergency peripartum hysterectomy globally and to compare outcomes among different income settings.

DATA SOURCES:
PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Emcare databases up to December 10, 2021.

METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:
Update of a systematic review and meta-analysis (2016). Studies were eligible if they reported the incidence of emergency peripartum hysterectomy, defined as surgical removal of the uterus for severe obstetric complications up to 6 weeks postpartum. Title and abstract screening and full-text review were performed using Endnote data-management software. Of 8,775 articles screened, 26 were included that were published after 2015, making the total number of included studies 154. A subanalysis was performed for the outcomes of interest per income setting.

TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS:
The meta-analysis included 154 studies: 14,409 emergency peripartum hysterectomies were performed in 17,127,499 births in 42 countries. Overall pooled incidence of hysterectomy was 1.1 per 1,000 births (95% CI 1.0–1.3). The highest incidence was observed in lower middle–income settings (3/1,000 births, 95% CI 2.5–3.5), and the lowest incidence was observed in high-income settings (0.7/1,000 births, 95% CI 0.5–0.8). The most common indications were placental pathology (38.0%, 95% CI 33.9–42.4), uterine atony (27.0%, 95% CI 24.6–29.5), and uterine rupture (21.2%, 95% CI 17.8–25.0). In lower middle–income countries, uterine rupture (44.5%, 95% CI 36.6–52.7) was the most common indication; placental pathology (48.4%, 95% CI 43.5–53.4) was most frequent in high-income settings. To prevent hysterectomy, uterotonic medication was used in 2,706 women (17%): 53.2% received oxytocin, 44.6% prostaglandins, and 17.3% ergometrine. Surgical measures to prevent hysterectomy were taken in 80.5% of women, the most common being compressive techniques performed in 62.6% (95% CI 38.3–81.9). The most common complications were febrile (29.7%, 95% CI 25.4–34.3) and hematologic (27.5%, 95% CI 20.4–35.9). The overall maternal case fatality rate was 3.2 per 100 emergency peripartum hysterectomies (95% CI 2.5–4.2) and was higher in lower middle–income settings (11.2/100 emergency peripartum hysterectomies 95% CI 8.9–14.1) and lower in high-income settings (1.0/100 emergency peripartum hysterectomies 95% CI 0.6–1.6).

CONCLUSION:
Substantial differences across income settings exist in the incidence of emergency peripartum hysterectomy. Women in lower-income settings have a higher risk of undergoing emergency peripartum hysterectomy and suffer more procedure-related morbidity and mortality. The frequency of emergency peripartum hysterectomy is likely to increase in light of increasing cesarean delivery rates.
Pupillary light reflex measured with quantitative pupillometry has low sensitivity and high specificity for predicting neuroworsening after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Trent Tiffany , Vashisht Ayushi , Novakovic Sava , Kanter Giovanni , Nairon Emerson , Lark Amanda , Tucker Amy , Reddy Vamsi , McCreary Morgan , Stutzman Sonja E. , Olson DaiWai M. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Triage and neurological assessment of the 1.7 million traumatic brain injuries occurring annually is often done by nurse practitioners and physician assistants in the emergency department. Subjective assessments, such as the neurological examination that includes evaluation of the pupillary light reflex (PLR), can contain bias. Quantitative pupillometry (QP) standardizes and objectifies the PLR examination. Additional data are needed to determine whether QP can predict neurological changes in a traumatic brain injury (TBI) patient.

Purpose:
This study examines the effectiveness of QP in predicting neurological decline within 24 hours of admission following acute TBI.

Methodology:
This prospective, observational, clinical trial used pragmatic sampling to assess PLR in TBI patients using QP within 24 hours of ED admission. Chi-square analysis was used to determine change in patient status, through Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), at baseline and within 24 hours of admission, to the QP.

Results:
There were 95 participants included in the analysis; of whom 35 experienced neuroworsening, defined by change in GCS of >2 within the first 24 hours of admission. There was a significant association between an abnormal Neurological Pupil index (NPi), defined as NPi of <3, and neuroworsening (p < .0001). The sensitivity (51.43%) and specificity (91.67%) of abnormal NPi in predicting neuroworsening were varied.

Conclusion:
There is a strong association between abnormal NPi and neuroworsening in the sample of TBI patients with high specificity and moderate sensitivity.

Implications:
NPi may be an early indicator of neurological changes within 24 hours of ED admission in patients with TBI.
New under the sun: ClotPro's ECA-test detects hyperfibrinolysis in a higher number of patients, more frequently and 9 min earlier
Authors: Zátroch István , Dinya Elek , Fazakas János 
Published: December 2022

Liver diseases result in a re-balanced state of the haemostatic system with decreased haemostatic reserves. Increased fibrinolytic activity is commonly seen during liver transplants. The aim of this study was to assess whether ClotPro's ECA-test is able to detect hyperfibrinolysis earlier and with higher frequency than ClotPro's conventional viscoelastic assays for the intrinsic and the extrinsic coagulation pathway.
From 25 liver transplant recipients, systemic blood samples were collected during surgery. Viscoelastic haemostatic assays with ClotPro's IN-test, EX-test and ECA-test were performed simultaneously from each blood sample. Hyperfibrinolysis was defined on the basis of the manufacturer's prespecified threshold value (maximal lysis >15%). The incidence of hyperfibrinolysis detected with each test was compared with the McNemar test. For each assay, lysis detection time (LDT) was calculated and analysed with the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test.
A total of 125 tests were performed simultaneously. Compared with the IN-test and the EX-test, the ECA-test detected hyperfibrinolysis in significantly (P < 0.001) higher number of patients (9; 11; 14, respectively) and in more measurement points (14; 18; 28, respectively). The analysis of LDT values revealed significant superiority of the ECA-test to the IN-test (P = 0.046) and to the EX-test (P = 0.035), indicating the profibrinolytic state of the haemostasis 8.9 ± 0.65 and 8.7 ± 0.17 min earlier, respectively. These are preliminary results of the study NCT0424637.
ClotPro's ECA-test appeared to detect fibrinolysis in a higher number of patients, more frequently, and the mean time of detection was 9 min earlier than that of the IN-test and the EX-test.