bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial composition in Hyalomma anatolicum collected from livestock in the United Arab Emirates using next-generation sequencing
Authors: Perveen Nighat , Muzaffar Sabir Bin , Vijayan Ranjit , Al-Deeb Mohammad Ali 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Hyalomma anatolicum is a widely distributed tick species that acts as a vector transmitting tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) in livestock. Such pathogens affect the health of livestock and consequently reduce their productivity. Knowledge about the microbial communities (pathogens and endosymbionts) of ticks in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to quantify microbial diversity in H. anatolicum using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology.

Methods
Hyalomma anatolicum ticks were collected from livestock in the emirates of Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Sharjah in the UAE during 2019. DNA was extracted from 175 male ticks sampled from livestock (n = 78) and subjected to NGS. The 16S rRNA gene was analyzed using the Illumina MiSeq platform to determine the bacterial communities. Principal coordinates analysis (PCA) was performed to identify patterns of diversity in the bacterial communities.

Results
Twenty-six bacterial families with high relative abundance were identified, of which the most common were Staphylococcaceae, Francisellaceae, Corynebacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Moraxellaceae, Bacillaceae, Halomonadaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Enterococcaceae, Actinomycetaceae and Streptococcaceae. The diversity of the microbial communities in terms of richness and evenness was different at the three study locations, with the PCA showing clear clusters separating the microbial communities in ticks collected at Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Sharjah. The presence of bacterial families harboring pathogenic genera showed that H. anatolicum could pose a potential threat to livestock and food security in the UAE.

Conclusions
The study is the first to document important data on the microbial communities associated with H. anatolicum in the UAE. This knowledge will facilitate a better understanding of the distribution pattern of microbes in livestock ticks in the UAE and, ultimately, will aid in deciphering the relationships between microbes and in the exploration of potential factors towards developing effective management strategies.

Graphical Abstract
Patterns of deer ked (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) and tick (Ixodida: Ixodidae) infestation on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the eastern United States
Authors: Poh Karen C. , Evans Jesse R. , Skvarla Michael J. , Kent Cody M. , Olafson Pia U. , Hickling Graham J. , Mullinax Jennifer M. , Machtinger Erika T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhite-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) host numerous ectoparasitic species in the eastern USA, most notably various species of ticks and two species of deer keds. Several pathogens transmitted by ticks to humans and other animal hosts have also been found in deer keds. Little is known about the acquisition and potential for transmission of these pathogens by deer keds; however, tick-deer ked co-feeding transmission is one possible scenario. On-host localization of ticks and deer keds on white-tailed deer was evaluated across several geographical regions of the eastern US to define tick-deer ked spatial relationships on host deer, which may impact the vector-borne disease ecology of these ectoparasites.MethodsTicks and deer keds were collected from hunter-harvested white-tailed deer from six states in the eastern US. Each deer was divided into three body sections, and each section was checked for 4 person-minutes. Differences in ectoparasite counts across body sections and/or states were evaluated using a Bayesian generalized mixed model.ResultsA total of 168 white-tailed deer were inspected for ticks and deer keds across the study sites. Ticks (n = 1636) were collected from all surveyed states, withIxodes scapularis(n = 1427) being the predominant species. Counts ofI. scapularisfrom the head and front sections were greater than from the rear section. Neotropical deer keds (Lipoptena mazamae) from Alabama and Tennessee (n = 247) were more often found on the rear body section. European deer keds from Pennsylvania (allLipoptena cervi,n = 314) were found on all body sections of deer.ConclusionsThe distributions of ticks and deer keds on white-tailed deer were significantly different from each other, providing the first evidence of possible on-host niche partitioning of ticks and two geographically distinct deer ked species (L. cerviin the northeast andL. mazamaein the southeast). These differences in spatial distributions may have implications for acquisition and/or transmission of vector-borne pathogens and therefore warrant further study over a wider geographic range and longer time frame.Graphical Abstract
Multimodal molecular imaging evaluation for early diagnosis and prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Jiong , Ren Wen Xiu , Shu Jian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive and lethal malignancy with limited therapeutic options. Despite recent advances in diagnostic imaging for CCA, the early diagnosis of CCA and evaluation of tumor invasion into the bile duct and its surrounding tissues remain challenging. Most patients with CCA are diagnosed at an advanced stage, at which treatment options are limited. Molecular imaging is a promising diagnostic method for noninvasive imaging of biological events at the cellular and molecular level in vivo. Molecular imaging plays a key role in the early diagnosis, staging, and treatment-related evaluation and management of cancer. This review will describe different methods for molecular imaging of CCA, including nuclear medicine, magnetic resonance imaging, optical imaging, and multimodal imaging. The main challenges and future directions in this field are also discussed.
A presumptive association between obsessive compulsions and asymmetric temporal lobe atrophy: a case report
Authors: Paranhos Thiago , Lucas Tiago , de Salles Antonio , Moll Jorge , de Oliveira-Souza Ricardo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe relatively isolated atrophy of the temporal lobes leads to a clinical radiological pattern, referred to as the temporal variant of frontotemporal dementia. While semantic dementia and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia are classically related to this syndrome, the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia has been less commonly reported. This case report aims to give a pictorial description of a case in which a patient with asymmetric temporal lobe atrophy presented with the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia and complex rituals of cleanliness.Case presentationWe report on the case of a 68-year-old, right-handed White woman with complex rituals and progressive speech impairment. The obsessive–compulsive rituals represented an exacerbation of lifelong preoccupations with cleanliness and orderliness that were praised by her relatives. Neuropsychological assessment revealed a striking impairment of language and memory, with relative sparing of tool-use praxis and visuospatial skills. Magnetic resonance imaging and18fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography scans showed bilateral asymmetrical temporal lobe atrophy and hypometabolism. A year later, she was still able to entertain conversation for a short while, but her vocabulary and fluency had further declined. Praxis and visuospatial skills remained intact. She did not experience pathological elation, delusions, or hallucinations. The disease followed a relentless progression into a partial Klüver–Bucy syndrome, abulia, and terminal dementia. She died from acute myocardial infarction 8 years after the onset of aphasia. The symptoms and their temporal course supported a diagnosis of logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia due to asymmetric temporal variant frontotemporal lobar degeneration.ConclusionsThis report gives a pictorial description of a temporal variant of frontotemporal dementia in a patient who presented with worsening of a lifelong obsessive–compulsive disorder and logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia.
Right-lateral offset associated with the most recent earthquake on the Ikeda fault of the Median Tectonic Line, southwest Japan, revealed by ground-penetrating radar profiling
Authors: Patria Adi , Kimura Haruo , Kitade Yoshihiro , Tsutsumi Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Median Tectonic Line (MTL) is an arc-parallel strike-slip fault that accommodates much of the arc-parallel component of the oblique convergence of the Philippine Sea and Eurasian plates at the Nankai Trough. The MTL in Shikoku is one of the fastest-slipping faults in Japan, with a late Quaternary right-lateral slip rate of 5–10 mm/yr. To estimate the right-lateral slip amounts of the past faulting events on the MTL, we acquired 2D and pseudo-3D ground-penetrating radar (GPR) sections across the ENE-trending Ikeda fault of the MTL in eastern Shikoku. We conducted the GPR surveys at the Higashi-Miyoshi site, where two terrace riser offsets mark the active fault trace. The 2D lines were about 28–64 m long, and the pseudo-3D data were sized 20 m × 30 m with a 0.5-m inline spacing. We used 50 MHz GPR antennas and conducted wide-angle measurements to estimate the electromagnetic wave velocity. We identified three paleochannels on the final depth-converted GPR sections, and two of them are deflected by the fault. A paleochannel at 0.6–1.4 m depth is observed on all inline sections of the pseudo-3D GPR data. We built a 3D model of this paleochannel and estimated the right-lateral and vertical displacements of ~ 3.5 m and ~ 0.5 m, respectively. This paleochannel offset is probably caused by the most recent surface-rupturing earthquake on the Ikeda fault, which may be the 1596 Keicho-Fushimi earthquake. This study demonstrates the usefulness of the GPR surveys to identify geological features displaced laterally and vertically by the most recent surface-rupturing earthquake.
Supporting a decision for metro station restoration based on facility assessment: application to Cairo metro stations
Authors: Mohamed Walaa M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSubway stations play a significant role in big cities today. This research aims to develop an integrated system that makes the best use of the budgets allocated for the rehabilitation of Cairo metro stations, based on stations condition assessment. The main problem is the lack of accurate assessment and decision-making optimization tools for Cairo metro stations condition. This, in turn, adversely affects the stations selected for rehabilitation and, thus, the misdirection (non-optimal) of the budgets allocated to the development of these stations. The appropriate methods and techniques of collecting and analyzing data are applied. They were collected from the reviewed literature concerning subway station facility management systems, as well as experts in the field. Data collection was followed by the analytic hierarchical process (AHP) and linear programming/integer programming and ended with the selection of stations prior to restoration or maintenance depending on the available budget or capital program. This system would be helpful in subway stations facilities decision-making by the concerned authorities like NAT (National Authority of Tunnels) or Cairo Metro Co. This system was applied to a sample of Cairo metro stations and concluded with some results. The first of them is reducing and optimizing the great allocated budgets by using the developed model. Another result is that the most important factors influencing the evaluation of the metro station are the structure, architecture, and hydromechanics, respectively.
Kontextabhängige Rechtsvisualisierung mit Augmented Reality
Authors: Muff Fabian , Fill Hans-Georg , Kahlig Eleonora , Kahlig Wolfgang 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungUm rechtliche Sachverhalte im täglichen Leben verstehen und beurteilen zu können, ist häufig grosses Vorwissen oder die Verfügbarkeit von Rechtsexperten erforderlich. Das Gebiet der Rechtsvisualisierung weist eine lange Tradition in der grafischen Repräsentation von rechtlichen Situationen auf. Damit lassen sich Erklärungen von Rechtsnormen und konkreten Sachverhalten in einer für Laien verständlichen Form aufbereiten. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Einsatz von Augmented Reality (AR) Technologie in der Rechtsvisualisierung untersucht. Mit Hilfe dieser Technologie können Anwendern Rechtsvisualisierungen für einen automatisch ermittelten Kontext präsentiert werden, die ihnen helfen, die rechtliche Situation besser zu verstehen. Zur Beurteilung der technischen Machbarkeit wurde ein Prototyp für eine AR-Applikation entwickelt, die kontextabhängig modell-basierte Rechtsvisualisierungen in die reale Umgebung einblenden kann. Anhand eines Fallbeispiels aus dem Bereich des Misetrechts wird die Anwendung in der Praxis beschrieben.
Causes and timing of 30-day rehospitalization from skilled nursing facilities after a hospital admission for pneumonia or sepsis
Authors: Riester Melissa R. , Bosco Elliott , Silva Joe B. B. , Bardenheier Barbara H. , Goyal Parag , O’Neil Emily T. , van Aalst Robertus , Chit Ayman , Gravenstein Stefan , Zullo Andrew R. 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundPneumonia and sepsis are among the most common causes of hospitalization in the United States and often result in discharges to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) for rehabilitation. We described the timing and most common causes of 30-day unplanned hospital readmission following an index hospitalization for pneumonia or sepsis.Methods and findingsThis national retrospective cohort study included adults ≥65 years who were hospitalized for pneumonia or sepsis and were discharged to a SNF between July 1, 2012 and July 4, 2015. We quantified the ten most common 30-day unplanned readmission diagnoses and estimated the daily risk of first unplanned rehospitalization for four causes of readmission (circulatory, infectious, respiratory, and genitourinary). The index hospitalization was pneumonia for 92,153 SNF stays and sepsis for 452,254 SNF stays. Of these SNF stays, 20.9% and 25.9%, respectively, resulted in a 30-day unplanned readmission. Overall, septicemia was the single most common readmission diagnosis for residents with an index hospitalization for pneumonia (16.7% of 30-day readmissions) and sepsis (22.4% of 30-day readmissions). The mean time to unplanned readmission was approximately 14 days overall. Respiratory causes displayed the highest daily risk of rehospitalization following index hospitalizations for pneumonia, while circulatory and infectious causes had the highest daily risk of rehospitalization following index hospitalizations for sepsis. The day of highest risk for readmission occurred within two weeks of the index hospitalization discharge, but the readmission risk persisted across the 30-day follow-up.ConclusionAmong older adults discharged to SNFs following a hospitalization for pneumonia or sepsis, hospital readmissions for infectious, circulatory, respiratory, and genitourinary causes occurred frequently throughout the 30-day post-discharge period. Our data suggests further study is needed, perhaps on the value of closer monitoring in SNFs post-hospital discharge and improved communication between hospitals and SNFs, to reduce the risk of potentially preventable hospital readmissions.
Validation of the Rowlands Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) to detect major neurocognitive disorder among elderly people in Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Daniel Beniam , Agenagnew Liyew , Workicho Abdulhalik , Abera Mubarek 
Published: January 2022

Background
The Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) is currently widely used for research and clinical purposes in many countries. However, its applicability and validity have not been evaluated in the Ethiopian context so far. Therefore, we designed this study to assess the reliability and validity of Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale to detect major neurocognitive disorder among older people in Ethiopia.

Methods
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among selected older people residing in Macedonia institutional care center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The gold standard diagnosis was determined using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria for major neurocognitive disorders. Stata v16 statistical software was used for data analysis. Receivers operating curve analysis, correlations, linear regression, and independent t-test were performed with statistically significant associations declared at a p-value of <0.05. Inter-rater, internal consistency reliabilities, content, criterion and construct validities were also determined.

Results
A total of 116 individuals participated in the study with a 100% response rate. Most (52.7%) of the participants were male and the mean age in years was 69.9± 8. The Cronbach’s alpha for RUDAS was 0.7 with an intra-class correlation coefficient value of 0.9. RUDAS has an area under the receivers operating curve of 0.87 with an optimal cutoff value of ≤ 22. At this cutoff point, RUDAS has sensitivity and specificity of 92.3 and 75.3 with positive and negative likelihood ratios as well as positive and negative predictive values of 3.7, 0.1, 65.5%, and 91.5%, respectively. There has also been a significant difference in the mean scores of RUDAS among the two diagnostic groups showing good construct validity.

Conclusion
The Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale has been demonstrated to be a valid and reliable tool to detect major neurocognitive disorder. Policy makers and professionals can incorporate the tool in clinical and research practices in developing countries.
Adapting the Canon: Mediation, Visualization, Interpretation, Ann Lewis and Silke Arnold-de Simine (eds) (2020)
Authors: Pennacchia Maddalena 
Published: January 2022

Review of: Adapting the Canon: Mediation, Visualization, Interpretation, Ann Lewis and Silke Arnold-de Simine (eds) (2020)
Cambridge: Legenda, 254 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-78188-708-0, h/bk, €85
ISBN 978-1-78188-396-9, p/bk, €12.50
Closed-Loop, Cervical, Epidural Stimulation Elicits Respiratory Neuroplasticity after Spinal Cord Injury in Freely Behaving Rats
Authors: Malone Ian G. , Kelly Mia N. , Nosacka Rachel L. , Nash Marissa A. , Yue Sijia , Xue Wei , Otto Kevin J. , Dale Erica A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOver half of all spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are cervical, which can lead to paralysis and respiratory compromise, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Effective treatments to restore breathing after severe upper cervical injury are lacking; thus, it is imperative to develop therapies to address this. Epidural stimulation has successfully restored motor function after SCI for stepping, standing, reaching, grasping, and postural control. We hypothesized that closed-loop stimulation triggered via healthy hemidiaphragm EMG activity has the potential to elicit functional neuroplasticity in spinal respiratory pathways after cervical SCI (cSCI). To test this, we delivered closed-loop, electrical, epidural stimulation (CLES) at the level of the phrenic motor nucleus (C4) for 3 d after C2 hemisection (C2HS) in freely behaving rats. A 2 × 2 Latin Square experimental design incorporated two treatments, C2HS injury and CLES therapy resulting in four groups of adult, female Sprague Dawley rats: C2HS + CLES (n = 8), C2HS (n = 6), intact + CLES (n = 6), intact (n = 6). In stimulated groups, CLES was delivered for 12–20 h/d for 3 d. After C2HS, 3 d of CLES robustly facilitated the slope of stimulus-response curves of ipsilesional spinal motor evoked potentials (sMEPs) versus nonstimulated controls. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of CLES eliciting respiratory neuroplasticity after C2HS in freely behaving animals. These findings suggest CLES as a promising future therapy to address respiratory deficiency associated with cSCI.
Kv3 Channels Contribute to the Excitability of Subpopulations of Spinal Cord Neurons in Lamina VII
Authors: Mullen Pierce N. , Pilati Nadia , Large Charles H. , Deuchars Jim , Deuchars Susan A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAutonomic parasympathetic preganglionic neurons (PGNs) drive contraction of the bladder during micturition but remain quiescent during bladder filling. This quiescence is postulated to be because of recurrent inhibition of PGN by fast-firing adjoining interneurons. Here, we defined four distinct neuronal types within Lamina VII, where PGN are situated, by combining whole cell patch clamp recordings with k-means clustering of a range of electrophysiological parameters. Additional morphologic analysis separated these neuronal classes into parasympathetic preganglionic populations (PGN) and a fast-firing interneuronal population. Kv3 channels are voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) that allow fast and precise firing of neurons. We found that blockade of Kv3 channels by tetraethylammonium (TEA) reduced neuronal firing frequency and isolated high-voltage-activated Kv currents in the fast-firing population but had no effect in PGN populations. Furthermore, Kv3 blockade potentiated the local and descending inhibitory inputs to PGN indicating that Kv3-expressing inhibitory neurons are synaptically connected to PGN. Taken together, our data reveal that Kv3 channels are crucial for fast and regulated neuronal output of a defined population that may be involved in intrinsic spinal bladder circuits that underpin recurrent inhibition of PGN.
Safely Reducing Hospitalizations for Anaphylaxis in Children Through an Evidence-Based Guideline
Authors: Gaffney Lukas K. , Porter John , Gerling Megan , Schneider Lynda C. , Stack Anne M. , Shah Dhara , Michelson Kenneth A. 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND
Emergency department visits for anaphylaxis have increased considerably over the past few decades, especially among children. Despite this, anaphylaxis management remains highly variable and contributes to significant health care spending. On the basis of emerging evidence, in this quality improvement project we aimed to safely decrease hospitalization rates, increase the use of cetirizine, and decrease use of corticosteroids for children with anaphylaxis by December 31, 2019.

METHODS
A multipronged intervention strategy including a revised evidence-based guideline was implemented at a tertiary children’s teaching hospital by using the Model for Improvement. Statistical process control was used to evaluate for changes in key measures. Length of stay and unplanned return visits within 72 hours were monitored as process and balancing measures, respectively. As a national comparison, hospitalization rates were compared with other hospitals’ data from the Pediatric Health Information System.

RESULTS
Hospitalizations decreased significantly from 28.5% to 11.2% from preimplementation to implementation, and the balancing measure of 72-hour revisits was stable. The proportion of patients receiving cetirizine increased significantly from 4.2% to 59.7% and use of corticosteroids decreased significantly from 72.6% to 32.4% in patients without asthma. The proportion of patients meeting length of stay criteria increased from 53.3% to 59.9%. Hospitalization rates decreased nationally over time.

CONCLUSIONS
We reduced hospitalizations for anaphylaxis by 17.3% without concomitant increases in revisits, demonstrating that unnecessary hospitalizations can be safely avoided. The use of a local evidence-based guideline paired with close outcome monitoring and sustained messaging and feedback to clinicians can effectively improve anaphylaxis management.