bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical characterization of 3D printed multiscale carbon nanofiller/continuous fiber reinforced polymer hybrid composites
Authors: Li Jia , Wang Chao , Fu Yu‐Tong , Xia Dan , Xu Ping‐Hai , Xiang Cheng‐Tao , Wu Jing , Li Jia‐Yu , Li Yuan‐Qing , Li Fei , Shi Han‐Qiao , Sun Bao‐Gang , Fu Shao‐Yun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMechanical properties of 3D printed continuous fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRPCs) are generally lower than expected due to unavoidable voids and weak interfacial adhesion. However, previous research work has rarely been reported on introducing carbon nanofillers such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene oxide (GO) to reduce internal void defects and improve interfacial adhesion of CFRPCs. In this work, an innovative means of introducing CNTs and GO is proposed to reduce internal void defects and improve interfacial adhesion for enhancing the mechanical properties of 3D printed hybrid CFRPCs. Polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) is employed as a polymer matrix due to its excellent processability for the 3D printing process. Continuous basalt fiber (CBF) is selected as a microscale filler due to its high mechanical properties, low cost and availability for additive manufacturing. It is shown that introducing carbon nanofillers into PETG leads to notably reduced porosity and greatly improved interfacial adhesion between CBF and PETG. As a result, the mechanical properties of 3D printed hybrid CFRPCs are significantly enhanced by introducing carbon nanofillers into the polymer matrix. Finally, the mechanisms of CNTs and GO are analyzed for enhancing the mechanical properties of 3D printed hybrid CFRPCs. The multiscale filler enhancement method has the characteristics of low cost and easy implementation. This approach contributes a novel idea for preparing high‐performance 3D printed CFRPCs by reducing internal void defects and enhancing interfacial adhesion by simply introducing carbon nanofillers. This method can expand material systems and provide a new development idea for industrial applications.Highlights
Proposed a new means to improve the mechanical properties of 3D printed CFRPCs.
The performances of PETG composites are enhanced by optimal CNT or GO content.
Combination of carbon nanofillers with PETG enhances interfacial adhesion.
Data‐driven machine learning regression methods to predict the residual strength in FRP composites subjected to fatigue
Authors: Gaurav Anand 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFiber‐reinforced polymers (FRPs) are widely recognized as ideal materials for transport structures due to their customizable properties, high strength, and stiffness combined with low density. These materials exhibit significant resistance to atmospheric conditions but are susceptible to fatigue loading. Unlike conventional metals, which possess an endurance limit, FRPs are prone to failure under any external load when subjected to a substantial number of fatigue cycles. This makes the estimation of residual strength a critical aspect of composite engineering. This study evaluates the efficacy of various machine learning (ML) regression models, integrated with materials informatics, in predicting the post‐fatigue residual strength of carbon‐ and glass‐based FRPs (CFRPs and GFRPs). A total of 10 features that closely affects the fatigue behavior in FRPs were used to train the ML models; five from materials and manufacturing aspects, four from testing parameters, and one representing composite properties. The study tested regression models from linear, non‐linear, decision tree, ensemble, support vector, and artificial neural network (ANN) approaches to identify the best fit for the dataset. R‐squared (R2), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Median Absolute Error (MedAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were used as evaluation metrics to assess model performance. The findings indicate that the available numerical data is sufficient to initiate training and develop robust ML models for residual strength prediction, though the scope for improvement remains with the expansion of the dataset. Among the tested models, the Multi‐Layer Perceptron (MLP), an ANN‐based regressor with two hidden layers comprising 30 and 20 neurons, achieved the best performance, with R2 values of 0.88 on the validation set and 0.95 on the test set and the best RMSE of 72.42. Additionally, the decision tree (DT) and AdaBoost regressors recorded a MedAE of zero on the validation data, suggesting that at least half of their predictions were accurate. The boosted DT model also demonstrated the lowest MedAE on the test dataset, with a value of 2.13.Highlights
Data compiled from various literatures contains outliers that degrades ML model.
Feature importance set the accuracy of ML models.
ANN model takes the highest training time and presents the best fit.
GridSearchCV improves the model prediction.
Models presenting negative fit on the data can be improved by varying parameters.
Synergistic enhancement of creep resistance and thermal stability in epoxy nanocomposites reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets and halloysite nanotubes for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Ambhorkar Atharv , Dargahi Ashkan , Christopher Nicholas , Cross Doug , Naguib Hani E. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractEpoxies used in optoelectronic applications are prone to creep due to low‐magnitude stresses caused by uneven thermal expansion, residual stresses, or component weight in elevated temperature environments. To address this, the effect of adding graphene nanoplatelets (GNP, 0.1–1 wt.%) and halloysite nanotubes (HNT, 1–10 wt.%) on the creep behavior of epoxy nanocomposites was investigated through 1‐h creep tests at 60°C under a 5 MPa load. Results showed that adding 0.1 wt.% GNP and 10 wt.% HNT led to significant reductions in strain rate, by 78.2% and 77.4%, respectively. A synergistic effect was observed when both nanoparticles were combined, improving dispersion and overall performance. The hybrid nanocomposite containing 1 wt.% HNT and 0.25 wt.% GNP demonstrated the most balanced improvement, with a 68.5% reduction in strain rate and enhanced dispersion. Characterization of the particle distribution using optical microscopy and SEM revealed that GNP particles tended to agglomerate more than HNT, while higher HNT loadings caused particle clustering and settling. The hybrid nanocomposite effectively mitigated these issues, making it a promising candidate for high‐temperature, high‐performance applications in optoelectronics, where improved mechanical and thermal stability are essential.Highlights
0.1 wt.% GNP and 10 wt.% HNT reduce the strain rate by 78.2% and 77.4%, respectively.
Synergistic effect of 0.25 wt.% GNP and 1 wt.% HNT enhances epoxy creep resistance by 68.5%.
GNP and HNT enhance creep strain by reinforcing the polymer network and load transfer.
Optimized epoxy nanocomposite is ideal for high‐temperature optoelectronic applications.
Efficacy of conservative intervention for kinesiophobia in individuals with a history of ankle sprain: A systematic review
Authors: Kobayashi Takumi , Koshino Yuta 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of conservative interventions on kinesiophobia, a fear‐avoidance belief regarding exercise, in individuals who have had a lateral ankle sprain.Literature SurveySystematic computerized literature search was performed using PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Sciences, and Cochrane Library databases. Randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of conservative interventions on kinesiophobia in individuals with a history of lateral ankle sprain, including chronic ankle instability, compared to those of control, sham, or different conservative interventions were included. They were written in English and published prior to December 2023.MethodologyTwo independent reviewers screened the studies using specific eligibility criteria. Study characteristics, patients, intervention and comparator, and outcome were extracted. Outcomes were defined as kinesiophobia observed using a questionnaire (eg, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia‐11) or other means. The risk of bias was assessed using the Revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials.SynthesisFive randomized controlled trials were included. These studies examined the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation, joint mobilization, balance and strength training, visual biofeedback during multimodal training, and low‐friction patches attached to the outside of shoes, respectively. Limited evidence from single studies showed that the visual biofeedback during walking and low‐friction patches attached on the outside of shoes were significantly more effective than the control and other treatments for kinesiophobia in individuals with a history of a lateral ankle sprain. Because the intervention and control groups differed between studies, data synthesis through meta‐analysis was not performed.ConclusionsVisual biofeedback during walking and low‐friction patches attached on the outside of shoes may improve kinesiophobia in patients with a history of lateral ankle sprains. An approach to sensory‐perceptual impairment in individuals with a history of lateral ankle sprains may be more effective in improving kinesiophobia. These conservative interventions may have an effect on kinesiophobia, but the evidence is limited.
Immediate Impact of Assisted Autogenic Drainage on Diaphragmatic Function: A Case Report
Authors: Franco Sara Rúbia de Souza , Figueirêdo Bárbara Bernardo , Bezerra Naiara Kássia Macêdo da Silva , Magalhães Paulo André Freire 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeAssisted Autogenic Drainage (AAD) is suggested as a promising technique for effective secretion removal, especially in non‐cooperative patients, including infants. However, there is a scarcity regarding the effects of AAD on diaphragmatic function. This study aimed to evaluate the immediate effect of the AAD technique on diaphragmatic function in a healthy infant.MethodsCase Presentation‐This exploratory case study involved a healthy 1‐year‐and‐2‐month‐old female infant. CARE case reporting guidelines were followed. After collecting demographic data, the AAD technique was applied for 5 min using an abdominal belt. Diaphragmatic function, including excursion (DE) and contraction velocity (CV), was assessed via ultrasonography before and after the intervention.ResultsPost‐intervention, significant increases in inspiratory DE (12.08–18.57 mm), expiratory DE (9.28–16.33 mm), and CV (17.14 to 27.65 mm/s) were noted, indicating that AAD positively impacts diaphragmatic function. These results reflect a notable improvement in diaphragmatic mobility.DiscussionWith regard to the potential mechanism, the increased diaphragmatic excursion observed may be attributed to a temporary enhancement of thoracoabdominal synchrony. The abdominal belt utilized during the intervention likely provided stability to the abdominal muscles and the zone of apposition of the diaphragm. Further studies are needed to investigate how long these effects persist.
ExploreTurns: A web tool for the exploration, analysis, and classification of beta turns and structured loops in proteins; application to beta‐bulge and Schellman loops, Asx helix caps, beta hairpins, and other hydrogen‐bonded motifs
Authors: Newell Nicholas E. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe most common type of protein secondary structure after the alpha helix and beta sheet is the four‐residue beta turn, which plays many key structural and functional roles. Existing tools for the study of beta turns operate in backbone dihedral‐angle (Ramachandran) space, which presents challenges for the visualization, comparison and analysis of the wide range of turn conformations. In this work, a new turn‐local coordinate system and structural alignment, together with a set of geometric descriptors for turn backbone shape, are incorporated into ExploreTurns, a web facility for the exploration, analysis, geometric tuning and retrieval of beta turns and their contexts which combines the advantages of Ramachandran‐ and Euclidean‐space representations. Due to the prevalence of beta turns in proteins, this facility, supported by its interpreter for a new general nomenclature which classifies H‐bonded loop motifs and beta hairpins, serves as an exploratory browser and analysis tool for most loop structure. The tool is applied to the detection of new H‐bonded loops, including short and “double” Schellman loops, a large family of beta‐bulge loops with a range of geometries and H‐bond topologies, and other motifs. Other applications presented here include the mapping of sequence preferences in Asx helix N‐caps and an investigation of the depth dependence of beta‐turn geometry. ExploreTurns, available at www.betaturn.com, should prove useful in research, education, and applications such as protein design, in which an enhanced Euclidean‐space picture of turn and motif structure and the ability to identify and tune structures suited to particular requirements may improve performance.
Interfacing bacterial microcompartment shell proteins with genetically encoded condensates
Authors: Costantino Michele , Young Eric J. , Banerjee Abesh , Kerfeld Cheryl A. , Ghirlanda Giovanna 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCondensates formed by liquid–liquid phase separation are promising candidates for the development of synthetic cells and organelles. Here, we show that bacterial microcompartment shell proteins from Haliangium ochraceum (BMC‐H) assemble into coatings on the surfaces of protein condensates formed by tandem RGG‐RGG domains, an engineered construct derived from the intrinsically disordered region of the RNA helicase LAF‐1. WT BMC‐H proteins formed higher‐order assemblies within RGG‐RGG droplets; however, engineered BMC‐H variants fused to RGG truncations formed coatings on droplet surfaces. These intrinsically disordered tags controlled the interaction with the condensed phase based on their length and sequence, and one of the designs, BMC‐H‐T2, assembled preferentially on the surface of the droplet and prevented droplet coalescence. The formation of the coatings is dependent on the pH and protein concentration; once formed, the coatings are stable and do not exchange with the dilute phase. Coated droplets could sequester and concentrate folded proteins, including TEV protease, with selectivity similar to uncoated droplets. Addition of TEV protease to coated droplets resulted in the digestion of RGG‐RGG to RGG and a decrease in droplet diameter, but not in the dissolution of the coatings. BMC shell protein‐coated protein condensates are entirely encodable and provide a way to control the properties of liquid–liquid phase‐separated compartments in the context of synthetic biology.
Guide to the structural characterization of protein aggregates and amyloid fibrils by CD spectroscopy
Authors: Kardos József , Nyiri Márton Péter , Moussong Éva , Wien Frank , Molnár Tamás , Murvai Nikoletta , Tóth Vilmos , Vadászi Henrietta , Kun Judit , Jamme Frédéric , Micsonai András 
Published: February 2025

AbstractProtein aggregation and amyloid formation are linked to numerous degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. Additionally, protein aggregation plays a crucial role in various biological processes, such as storage of molecules or cell signaling. Protein molecules can form a wide range of aggregates, from oligomers of different sizes to non‐specific aggregates and highly ordered cross‐β structured amyloid fibrils with diverse morphologies. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is a widely used technique to study protein structures providing detailed information at the secondary structure level, and is ideal to distinguish and characterize protein aggregates. Despite its potential, CD spectroscopy is often perceived as having limited application on protein aggregates due to challenges, such as sample inhomogeneity, precipitation, light scattering and other factors that complicate accurate analysis. In this study, we present a detailed protocol for examining the structure of protein aggregates and amyloid fibrils using CD spectroscopy. We outline the optimal experimental conditions for sample preparation and demonstrate how to identify and mitigate various interfering effects, using specific examples of disease‐related amyloidogenic proteins. We also discuss the instrumental parameters, baseline subtraction, normalization, and quality control of CD spectra. Furthermore, we evaluate the performance of different secondary structure estimating algorithms on amyloid fibril CD spectra highlighting the superiority of BeStSel and CDNN. Our findings could enhance the structural analysis of protein aggregates, contributing to a better understanding of associated diseases and the development of new therapeutic strategies.
PBPK Modeling: Empowering Drug Development and Precision Dosing in China
Authors: Yang Dongsheng , Li Jian , Mak Wen Yao , Zheng Aole , Zhu Xiao , He Qingfeng , Wang Yuzhu , Xiang Xiaoqiang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPhysiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, a cornerstone of model‐informed drug development and model‐informed precision dosing, simulates drug disposition in the human body by integrating physiological, biochemical, and physicochemical parameters. While PBPK modeling has advanced globally since the 1970s, China's adoption of this technology has followed a distinctive path, characterized by accelerated growth over the past 2 decades. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of China's contributions to PBPK modeling, addressing knowledge gaps in publication trends, application domains, and platform preferences. A systematic literature search yielded 266 original PBPK research articles from PubMed up to August 08, 2024. The analysis revealed that drug disposition and drug–drug interaction studies constitute the largest proportion of PBPK analyses in China. Chinese universities and hospitals emerge as the leading contributors to PBPK research among institutions in China. Although established commercial PBPK platform such as GastroPlus and Simcyp remain popular within the Chinese pharmaceutical industry, open‐source platforms like PK‐Sim are gaining significant traction in PBPK applications across China. This review underscores the transformative potential of PBPK modeling in drug development within China, offering valuable insights into future directions and challenges in the field.
Unique moisture transport under abnormal circulations for producing the extreme rainstorm over Beijing on July 31, 2023
Authors: Huang Ting‐Ting , Fu Shen‐Ming , Jin Shuang‐Long , Liu Xiao‐Lin , Sun Jian‐Hua , Xiao Xue 
Published: February 2025

AbstractExtremely strong water‐vapor supply is a necessary condition for generating an extreme rainstorm; however, this condition is rarely satisfied for the semi‐humid regions, such as North China. To clarify how the extreme moisture condition is satisfied within semi‐humid areas is of crucial importance to further the understanding of this type of event. From July 29 to August 2, 2023, an unprecedented extreme rainfall event hit Beijing (an 83‐hr accumulated precipitation of ˜1,025 mm appears) and broke its rainfall record that has stood the past 140 years. We conduct synoptic analyses and three types of quantitative moisture budgets to explore the key features of the moisture transport. It is found that the displacement and evolution of Typhoon Doksuri result in an abnormal circulation, under which the West Pacific subtropical high and Typhoon Doksuri play the dominant roles for driving the direct moisture transport for the extreme rainstorm in Beijing. Most of the moisture is transported into the targeted region (i.e., a box covering the rainfall region) across its eastern and southern boundaries in the lower troposphere, with the inflow efficiency of the former ˜3.9 times that of the latter. The northwest Pacific contributes significantly (37.1%) to the moisture supply for the extreme rainstorm region. Eastern China, mainly located over land, also provides a substantial portion (33.8%) of the moisture, implying that earlier heavy rainfall in one region can notably affect subsequent heavy rainfall in adjacent areas by providing moisture.
Enhanced Adsorption of Malachite Green Dye Using Fe3O4‐MgO Nanoparticles Loaded with Phragmites Stems Powder: Characterization, Kinetic, and Isotherm Studies
Authors: Chebba Samira , Boudaoud Asma , Djedid Mebrouk , Benalia Mokhtar , Soltani Amel , Nouacer Imane 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA novel adsorbent was produced from Phragmites australis stems (Ph‐St) into a magnetic nanocomposite (Ph‐St/Fe3O4‐MgO) through chemical treatment for effective removal of malachite green (MG) from aqueous medium. Characterization via SEM, EDX, FTIR, BET, and XRD confirmed the efficient deposition of Fe3O4‐MgO magnetic nanoparticles on Ph‐St, forming a cubic spinel structure. The BET surface areas were 4.4985 m2/g for Ph‐St and 8.8789 m2/g for Ph‐St/Fe3O4‐MgO. The nitrogen (N2) adsorption isotherm was classified as type IV. The effect of several factors on adsorption was examined, including temperature, dose, pH, and contact time. Adsorption experiments showed optimal MG removal at pH 7, with an equilibrium time of 20 min. Kinetic analysis revealed that the pseudo‐second‐order (PSO) model best described the adsorption process compared to the pseudo‐first‐order (PFO) and intraparticle diffusion (IPD) models. Experimental data for the Ph‐St adsorbent correspond well to the Langmuir model and the Freundlich model for Ph‐St/Fe3O4‐MgO at the optimum temperature of 328 K, with maximum adsorption capacities of 33.823 and 104.711 mg/g, respectively. Positive ΔH° and ΔS° values indicated an endothermic and disordered process. The ΔG° values indicate spontaneous adsorption for both adsorbents. These results suggest that magnetic nanocomposites provide an effective solution for reducing water pollution.
Nanoparticle: Pathogenesis, Innovative Diagnosis, and Therapy of Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Wen Lin , Liu Xiaolian , Yang Dejun , Sun Zihao , Liang Chuipeng , Wu Jijiao , Xie Long , Xing Rong , Li Xiaofang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLiver fibrosis, a progressive condition resulting from chronic liver injury, can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Nanoparticles have emerged as promising tools for their diagnosis and treatment due to their unique properties. This review highlights advances in lipid‐based (e.g., liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles), polymer‐based (e.g., nanocapsules, dendrimers), inorganic (e.g., iron oxide, gold nanoparticles), and biological nanoparticles (e.g., extracellular vesicles, exosomes). These nanoparticles enhance imaging contrast for MRI and CT, enabling non‐invasive fibrosis detection, and deliver drugs or gene‐editing tools to hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) for targeted therapy. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and exosomes also show potential as biomarkers and therapeutic carriers. However, challenges such as limited targeting efficiency, potential toxicity, and difficulties in clinical translation remain. Future research should focus on optimizing nanoparticle design, improving biocompatibility, and addressing regulatory issues to facilitate their clinical application. Nanoparticle‐based strategies hold great promise for revolutionizing liver fibrosis management.