bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ABC score is an effective predictor of outcomes in peptic ulcer bleeding
Authors: Sakong Heon , Moon Hee Seok , Choi Seong Woo , Kang Sun Hyung , Sung Jae Kyu , Jeong Hyun Yong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundRisk stratification is recommended for patients presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding. The ABC score is a new scoring tool with high accuracy for both upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the ABC score in predicting the outcomes of patients with peptic ulcer bleeding.MethodsThis single-center retrospective study was conducted between October 2011 and March 2021. We identified 812 patients presenting with symptoms of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage who were diagnosed with ulcerative lesions on endoscopy. The association between the ABC score’s variables and the patients’ outcome was analyzed using the chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and t-test. Additionally, the performance of the score in predicting the patients’ outcome was validated using ROC curve analysis and compared to the performance of other scores.ResultsA total of 772 patients with peptic ulcer bleeding were analyzed. The primary outcome measure (20 patients) was all-cause 30-day mortality. Secondary outcome measures (91 patients) included rebleeding within 30 days and need for radiologic/surgical intervention. Age (p = 0.013), serum albumin (p < 0.001), serum creatinine (p = 0.004), mental status (p < 0.001), and ASA score (p < 0.001) were factors associated with the primary outcome. The ABC score was 7, with a sensitivity of 90.0% and a specificity of 86.0%. It predicted the primary outcome with good accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] 0.927; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.899–0.956), surpassing other scores. However, it was less accurate in predicting rebleeding (AUROC 0.630; 95% CI 0.563–0.697) and need for radiologic/surgical intervention (AUROC 0.641; 95% CI 0.550–0.732).ConclusionsThe ABC score is a good predictor of 30-day mortality in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding. However, it may not be suitable for predicting rebleeding or the need for radiologic/surgical interventions.
The therapeutic process – Client's perception of success promoting factors in an and ARFID – Qualitative study
Authors: Neiva Susana Maria Fernandes da Silva Albuquerque 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the perception that individuals have of success-promoting factors on their own therapeutic process. We intended to understand which aspects influenced their perception and which factors were considered relevant to the decision to seek help, not to abandon treatment and their motivation to change. The study involved patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and avoiding food intake disorder (ARFID), with intervention within the scope of different therapeutic models.Background: In Portugal, anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder with a significant increase in recent years, having been responsible for 4,485 hospitalizations between 2000 and 2014 in Portuguese public health services. Portugal has scarce research in eating disorders, although they are a serious mental health problem both in this country and in Europe.Methods: The study included a sample of 9 participants who responded to the request for participation posted on the different electronic platforms. The data recollection occurred through a semistructured interview, and the information was subjected to thematic analysis.Results: This study included a total of 9 participants, 5 with a diagnosis of AN and 4 with a diagnosis of ARFID. All the participants were women between 19 and 52 years of age (an average of 38.4 years). Similarities were found in both groups for and differences.Discussion: The desire to improve/not cause suffering to family members and the availability of social/emotional support were considered relevant aspects inherent to the client. One hundred percent of the participants considered that certain professional and personal qualities of the professional/therapist were the most relevant aspects to promote the success of the therapeutic intervention. The sample size of this study is small and therefore does not allow generalizations.Conclusions: The main objective of this study was to obtain knowledge that would allow professionals to reflect on their practice and adapt the intervention to the needs and concerns of the clients. Despite the limitations of the study, our participants provided detailed and relevant information, so we consider the results obtained to be pertinent for the proposed objective. Further research in these areas is needed to deepen the knowledge.
Reveal Postoperative Brain Glioma True Behavior by Real-time Tracking of tumor gene evolution information
Authors: Bu Yage , Sheng Zhiyuan , Deng Kaiyuan , Wu Shuang , Xu Sensen , Guo Guangzhong , Zhang Ziyue , Liu Guanzheng , Yu Jinliang , Gao Yushuai , Yan Zhaoyue , Bu Chaojie , Gu Jianjun , Kong Lingfei , Liu Gang , Wang Meiyun , Li Tianxiao , Hernesniemi Juha , Zemmar Ajmal , Bu Xingyao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
At present, the in vivo gene evolution of human glioma after surgery is unknown. We need to understand the real-time in vivo gene evolution information of the tumor to dynamically reflect the real behavior of the tumor, so as to drive therapeutic decisions. TISF-ctDNA can provide real-time in vivo gene information after surgery, and then reveal postoperative glioma behavior more realistically.
Methods
This retrospective, Single center, sample collection, validation study conducted at Zheng Zhou University People's hospital from July 1st, 2016, to November 1st, 2021, assessed patients with glioma who were receiving surgical treatment and adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The study including 69 patients, with radiological relapse identified in 44 patients forming the main cohort.
RESULTS
In the primary tumor, a total of 199 mutations were detected in 58 tumor tissue samples,12 patients (21%) with 1 mutation and 45 patients (79%) with multiple mutations,TP53 (44%) followed by IDH1(39%) and PTEN(25%), mean VAF from 2.1%-79.5%,with a median 40.5%.At or after a diagnosis of recurrence, A total of 613 gene mutations were found through TISF ctDNA sequencing, including TP53 (48%), NF1 (38%), PTEN (31%), mean VAF from 0.2%-34.14%, with a median 1.54%, and we also found Pseudo-progression and hypermutation associated with TMZ resistance. In the main cohort of 44 patients (mean age, 52 years) with a median follow-up of 190 days (20-1530 days), mean VAF of TISF ctDNA during follow-up was associated with relapse (hazard ratio, 4.058; 95% CI, 1.089 to 15.12; P = 0.0012). Similar outcomes were observed for tumor tissue (hazard ratio, 2.214; 95% CI, 1.003 to 4.887; P = 0.0165). Hypermutation was found in 3 patients in the cohort, and the in vivo evolution of hypermutation was tracked in 2 of these patients.
CONCLUSIONS
TISF ctDNA describes human glioma behavior, demonstrates the real tumor gene mutation landscape in vivo during treatment, providing prognostic and response data of clinical relevance.
Comparison of the clinical manifestations and chest CT findings of pulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xiong Chun-lin , Lu Jian-guo , Chen Ting , Xu Rui 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
ObjectiveThe purpose of our study was to perform a meta-analysis and systematic review to compare differences in clinical manifestations and radiographic findings between immunocompetent and immunocompromised pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) patients.MethodsAn extensive search for relevant studies was performed using the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Sciences databases from inception to September 30, 2021. We included studies that compared the clinical manifestations and chest computed tomography (CT) findings between immunocompetent and immunocompromised PC patients. Study bias and quality assessment were performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS).ResultsNine studies involving 248 immunocompromised and 276 immunocompetent PC patients were included in our analysis. The NOS score of each eligible study was above 5, indicating moderate bias. The proportion of elderly patients (>=60 years old) in the immunosuppressed group was significantly higher than that in the immunocompetent group (OR=2.90, 95% CI (1.31-6.43), Z=2.63, p=0.01). Fever (OR= 7.10, 95% CI (3.84-13.12), Z= 6.25, p<0.000) and headache (OR= 6.92, 95% CI (2.95-16.26), Z=4.44, p<0.000) were more common in immunosuppressed patients. According to thin-section CT findings, lesions were more frequently distributed in the upper lobe (OR= 1.90, 95% CI (1.07-3.37), Z= 2.2, p=0.028) in immunocompromised individuals. The proportions of patients with cavity sign (OR= 5.11, 95% CI (2.96-8.83), Z= 5.86, p=0.00), ground-glass attenuation (OR= 5.27, 95% CI (1.60-17.35), Z= 2.73, p=0.01), and mediastinal lymph node enlargement (OR= 2.41, 95% CI (1.12-5.20), Z= 2.24, p=0.03) were significantly higher in immunocompromised patients.ConclusionNo significant differences in nonspecific respiratory symptoms were found between immunocompromised and immunocompetent PC patients. Nevertheless, fever and headache were more common in immunocompromised patients. Among the CT findings, cavity, ground-glass attenuation, and mediastinal lymph node enlargement were more common in immunocompromised individuals.
Extreme drought events diagnose along the Yellow River and adjacent area
Authors: Zhang Yongxiang , Wang Hongli , Shao Xuemei , Li Jinbao , Ren Guoyu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Drought is a major natural disaster that has long-lasting effects on economic and social activities in northern China and has regional distinctions in duration, severity, and spatial extent. In this study, tree-ring chronologies and historical archives in the Yellow River Basin and its surrounding areas were collected to investigate the dynamic process of the two extreme drought events for the past ~200 years. Here we directly employ the tree index instead of the climate indicator reconstruction to partly overcome the drought information loss during tree-ring based reconstruction. Identified drought history is improved significantly relative to the single indicator reconstruction and drought events are highly consistent with historical recorded ones. Two prominent drought events in the modern Chinese history were analyzed, namely the Ding-Wu Great Famine (1876-1879) and the extreme drought in northern China during the late-1920s. Unexpectedly, the most prestigious Ding-Wu Great Famine is lower than the extreme drought in the late-1920s in terms of drought duration, spatial extent and intensity. Our research further reveals that the drought events recorded in the historical records could be very different from actual events due to the influence of political and other factors. The analysis of spatial dynamics indicates that the potential mechanisms of the two drought events are also different. This is confirmed by research based on reanalysis data that the Ding-Wu Great Famine was caused by a typical strong ENSO event, while the mechanism of the extreme drought in the late-1920s was more complicated.
Coping with health injuries and problems: Psychometric an Iranian Scale for behavioral rehabilitation strategies in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mansourzadeh Azam , Asgari Mohamad reza , sayar soraya , omranifard victoria , Saeidi Abdolhadi , Bakhanian* Masoudeh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Multi-drug Resistant (MDR) bacteria isolates from Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) patients in the Ahanta West District, Ghana
Authors: Aglomasa Bill Clinton , Adu-Asiamah Cynthia Kyerewaa A , Asiedu Samuel Opoku , Kini Priscilla , Amewu Emmanuel Kobla Atsu , Boahen Kennedy Gyau , Wireko Solomon , Amponsah Kingsley Isaac , Boakye Yaw Duah , Boamah Vivian Etsiapa , Kwarteng Alexander 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance is associated with increased morbidity in secondary infections and is a global threat owning to the ubiquitous nature of resistance genes in the environment. Recent estimates put the deaths associated with bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019 at 4.95 million worldwide. Lymphatic filariasis (LF), a Neglected Tropical Disease, is associated with the poor living in the tropical regions of the world. LF patients are prone to developing acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (ADLA), a condition that puts them at risk of developing secondary bacterial infections due to skin peeling. ADLA in particular, worsens the prognosis of patients, but also leads to the usage of antibiotics as a therapeutic intervention. This may result in inappropriate usage of antibiotics due to self-medication and non-compliance, thereby exacerbating antimicrobial resistance in LF patients. In this perspective, we assessed the antimicrobial resistance in LF patients. We focused on antibiotic usage, antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates and looked at genes coding for resistance in multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria isolates. Results: Amoxacillin (54%) and chloramphenicol (22%) were the most frequently used antibiotics by participants for self-medication. This is representative of the resistance profiles of the bacteria isolates. Penicillin and erythromycin were respectively the highest and least antibiotic that Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to. All Escherichia coli isolates were sensitive to meropenem, while they were all resistant to antibiotics such as tetracycline and ampicillin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa were least resistant to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and ceftazidime. The incidence of multi-drug resistant methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), cephalosporin resistant E. coli and carbapenem resistant P. aeruginosa are respectively 15.38% (n=4), 40% (n=2) and 25% (n=2) in LF patients. Extended-spectrum betalactamase [ESBL] (blaxCTX-M) and mecA genes were implicated in the resistance mechanism of E. coli and MRSA, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings have shown presence of MDR isolates from filarial pathology patients presenting with chronic wounds and; thus, the need to prioritize antimicrobial resistance of multi-drug resistant bacteria into treatment strategies optimizing the morbidity management protocols. The findings in this study can potentially guide the choice of antibiotics for treating individuals presenting with filarial pathologies with wounds.
Revealing the effectiveness of environmental policy stringency and environmental regulation on environmental performance: does asymmetry matter?
Authors: Chen Mingxiang , Sohail Sidra , Majeed Muhammad Tariq 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Environmental stringency policy shocks and air pollution tax have become fundamental policy tools for mitigating degradation of the environment but there are very limited studies available assessing their simultaneous effect in combating pollution emissions, especially in China. The study considers this gap by exploring the simultaneous effects of air pollution tax and environmental stringency policy shocks in the reduction of pollution emissions in China for the time 1993 to 2019. This study is a pioneer in assessing the simultaneous impact of these two policy instruments on pollution emissions in China. For empirical investigation, the study employed ARDL and NARDL estimation techniques. The long-run outcomes of ARDL reveal that environmental tax and environmental stringency policy results in mitigating pollution emissions. The results of NARDL show that positive shocks in environmental tax and environmental policy stringency result in alleviating pollution emissions, however, negative shocks in both policy instruments result in increasing pollution emissions in the long-run.
Ternary CE2Ba2 (E = As, Sb) Clusters: New Pentaatomic Planar Tetracoordinate Carbon Species with 18 Valence Electrons
Authors: Liu Fang-Lin , Guo Jin-Chang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
18-valence-electron (ve) rule is one important guide for us to design planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC) species. Using the “polarization of ligands” strategy, the new pentaatomic ptC species CE 2 Ba 2 (E = As, Sb) with 18 ve are designed in this work. Computer structural searches and high-level calculations reveal that the ptC CE 2 Ba 2 (E = As, Sb) species are global minima (GMs) on the potential energy surfaces, whose C center is coordinated by the interspaced E and Ba atoms. CE 2 Ba 2 (E = As, Sb) are also kinetically stable. Chemical Bonding analyses reveal that the ptC core is stabilized by two localized C-E σ bonds, one delocalized five-center two-electron (5c-2e) σ bond, and one delocalized 5c-2e π bond. One π and three σ bonds collectively conform to the 8-electron counting, which determines the stability of ptC CE 2 Ba 2 (E = As, Sb) species. Interestingly, the delocalized 2 π and 2 σ electrons render the ptC systems p/s double aromaticity. Additional 10 electrons contribute to peripheral lone pairs of E and E-Ba bonding.
Identification of core genes associated with the anti-atherosclerotic effects of Salvianolic acid B and immune cell infiltration characteristics using bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Jin Zheng , Zhao Huanyi , Luo Yuan , Li Xiushen , Cui Jiayan , Yan Jing , Yang Pingzhen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background：Atherosclerosis (AS) is the greatest contributor to pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), which is associated with increased mortality and reduced quality of life. Early intervention to mitigate AS is key to prevention of ASCVD. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is mainly extracted from root and rhizome of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge, and exerts anti-atherosclerotic effect. The purpose of this study was to screen for anti-AS targets of Sal B and to characterize immune cell infiltration in AS.Methods：We identified targets of Sal B using SEA (http://sea.bkslab.org/) and SIB (https://www.sib.swiss/) databases. GSE2289 dataset was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus database. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and performed KEGG analysis, GO analysis with Metascape (https://metascape.org/databae). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to determine the most relevant module associated with atherosclerotic plaque stability. Intersecting candidate genes were evaluated by generating receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and molecular docking was performed. Finally, immune cell types were identified using CIBERSOFT, the relationship between candidate genes and immune cell infiltration was evaluated.Results：MMP9 and MMP12 were been selected as candidate genes from 171 DEGs and turquoise module with 370 genes.ROC curve results showed that MMP9 (AUC=0.899, p=0.00013) and MMP12 (AUC=0.880, p=0.00038) were positively associated with advanced atherosclerotic plaques, and Sal B bound strongly to MMP9 and MMP12. The results of immune cell infiltration showed that naive B cells, memory B cells, regulatory T cells, gamma delta T cells, M0 macrophages, M2 macrophages, activated dendritic cells, and resting mast cells may be involved in development of AS, and the candidate genes MMP9 and MMP12 were associated with these immune cells to different degrees. Conclusion：The anti-AS effects of Sal B may be related to MMP9 and MMP12 and associated with immune cell infiltration,which is expected to be used in the early intervention of AS.
Motor training is improved by concurrent application of slow oscillating transcranial alternating current stimulation to motor cortex
Authors: Sale Martin V. , Kuzovina Anastasiia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Physical exercise and neurorehabilitation involve repetitive training that can induce changes in motor performance arising from neuroplasticity. Retention of these motor changes occurs via an encoding process, during which rapid neuroplastic changes occur in response to training. Previous studies show that transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), a form of non-invasive brain stimulation, can enhance encoding of a cognitive learning task during wakefulness. However, the effect of tACS on motor processes in the awake brain is unknown. In this study, twenty-eight healthy 18-35 year old participants received either 0.75Hz (active) tACS (or sham stimulation) for 30 minutes during a ballistic thumb abduction motor training task. Training-related behavioural effects were quantified by assessing changes in thumb abduction acceleration, and neuroplastic changes were quantified by measuring motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle. These measures were reassessed immediately after the motor training task to quantify short-term changes, and then 24 hours later to assess longer-term changes. Thumb abduction acceleration in both active and sham stimulation conditions increased immediately after the motor learning, consistent with effective training. Critically, participants in the active group maintained significantly higher thumb acceleration 24 hours later (t26=2.0611, P=0.0294). There were no significant changes or inter-group differences in MEPs for both conditions. The results suggest that 0.75Hz tACS applied during motor training enhances the effectiveness of motor training, which manifests as enhancement in longer-term task benefits.
Task-dependent learning and memory deficits in the TgF344-AD rat model of Alzheimer’s disease: Three key timepoints from young adulthood to middle-age in females
Authors: Bernaud Victoria E. , Bulen Haidyn L. , Pena Veronica L. , Koebele Stephanie V. , Northup-Smith Steven N. , Manzo Alma A. , Sanchez Maria Valenzuela , Opachich Zorana , Ruhland Ashley M. , Bimonte-Nelson Heather A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The TgF344 rat model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) provides a comprehensive neuropathology presentation, with age-dependent development of tau tangles, amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, neuronal loss, and increased gliosis. The behavioral trajectory of this model, particularly relating to spatial learning and memory, has yet to be fully characterized. The current experiment evaluated spatial working and reference memory performance, as well as several physiological markers of health, at 3 key age points in female TgF344-AD rats: 6-months, 9-months, and 12-months. At 6 months of age, indications of working and reference memory impairments were observed in transgenic (Tg) rats on the water radial-arm maze, a complex task that requires working and reference memory simultaneously; at 12 months old, Tg impairments were observed for two working memory measures on this task. Notably, no impairments were observed at the 9-month timepoint on this maze. For the Morris maze, a measure of spatial reference memory, Tg rats demonstrated significant impairment relative to wildtype (WT) controls at all 3 age-points. Frontal cortex, entorhinal cortex, and dorsal hippocampus were evaluated for Aβ1-42 expression via western blot in Tg rats only. Analyses of Aβ1-42 expression revealed age-dependent increases in all 3 regions critical to spatial learning and memory. Measures of physiological health, including heart, uterine, and body weights, revealed unique age-specific outcomes for female Tg rats, with the 9-month timepoint identified as critical for further research within the trajectory of AD-like behavior, physiology, and pathology.