bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abundance and distribution of antennal sensilla on males and females of three sympatric species of alpine grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Catantopinae) in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Nakano Mari , Morgan-Richards Mary , Clavijo-McCormick Andrea , Trewick Steven 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBrachaspis nivalis, Sigaus australis and Paprides nitidus are grasshopper species endemic to Aotearoa, New Zealand where they are sympatric in several regions of South Island. On mountains of Kā Tiritiri o te Moana (Southern Alps), B. nivalis is more abundant on scree/rock habitat, whereas S. australis and P. nitidus are prevalent in alpine tussock and herbfields. It is expected, therefore, that these species have different sensory needs that are likely to be apparent in the type, abundance, and distribution of chemo-sensilla on their antennae. It is also likely that natural selection has resulted in sexual differences in sensilla. To test these hypotheses, abundance and distribution of the chemo-sensilla on the dorsal and ventral surfaces of their antennae were characterized in adult males and females of the three species. Five types of chemo-sensilla were identified on the distal portion of their antenna: chaetica, basiconica, trichoidea, coeloconica, and cavity. All species had significantly more chemo-sensilla on the ventral than the dorsal surface of antennae and a similar distribution pattern of chemo-sensilla. Despite having relatively short antenna, B. nivalis had the largest number of olfactory sensilla, but the fewest chaetica of the three species studied. A plausible explanation is that B. nivalis is abundant on less vegetated habitats compared to the other species, and therefore may rely more on olfaction (distance) than gustatory (contact) reception for finding food. No significant differences were observed between the sexes of B. nivalis and P. nitidus, however, S. australis males had significantly more basiconica sensilla than females.
Using the snow-day fraction to measure climatic change in southern Ontario (Canada): historical trends in winter season precipitation phase
Authors: Hewer Micah J. , Gough William A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGlobal temperatures are increasing, and regional precipitation patterns are changing. Snow is an excellent indicator of regional climate change; 50 years of temperature and precipitation data were analysed from weather stations located within the five most populated cities of Ontario (Canada). Recorded measurements for temperature and precipitation were converted into binary values to indicate the frequency of rain days, snow days, wet days (when total precipitation is greater than 0.2 mm) and freezing days (when the average temperature is less than 0 °C); then, these values were summed over each winter season from 1970/71 to 2019/20. The snow-day fraction was calculated from the seasonal totals by dividing the total number of snow days by the total number of wet days. Historical trends were detected using Pearson’sR, Kendall’s Tau and Spearman’s Rho. Differences in mean values between the first decade (1971–1980) and the last decade (2011–2020) within the time series for the snow-day fraction and total freezing days were determined using Student’st-tests. During the winter season in southern Ontario (December 1 to March 31), total snow days, total wet days, the snow-day fraction and freezing days were all decreasing at statistically significant rates (90 to 99% confidence levels) across four of the five cities studied (Toronto, Ottawa, Hamilton and London). Mississauga was the exception, being the only city where rain days were increasing, but no trends were detected for snow days or wet days. The snow-day fraction was decreasing in Mississauga but not at a statistically significant rate, despite freezing days decreasing at the greatest rate compared to the other four cities. Total freezing days were highly correlated with the snow-day fraction during the winter season, being able to explain 61 to 76 percent of the observed variability, where Mississauga recorded the weakest correlation and London recorded the strongest correlation.
Getting real in interprofessional clinical placements: patient-centeredness in student teams’ collaborative learning
Authors: Jensen Catrine Buck , Norbye Bente , Dahlgren Madeleine Abrandt , Iversen Anita 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCollaboration between healthcare providers helps tackle the increasing complexity of healthcare. When learning teamwork, interprofessional students are expected to work patient-centered; recognizing the patient’s expertise and partnering with them. Research on interprofessional education (IPE) for undergraduates has illuminated learning outcomes, organization of learning activities, change in attitudes, etc. But, we know little about the interaction between patients and interprofessional student teams. This study aimed to explore how interprofessional student teams and patients interact in interprofessional clinical placements. With a focused ethnographic approach, participant observation and qualitative interviews were conducted in two contexts; a physical and an online arrangement. Central ideas in Goffman’s dramaturgy constituted a theoretical lens. A reflexive thematic analysis generated three themes: (1) Preparing safe and comfortable encounters with patients, (2) Including and excluding the patient in the encounter, and (3) Adjusting to the patient's situation. We identified students’ intentions of patient-centeredness when preparing encounters, but patients did not always feel included and listened to in encounters. After encountering patients, student teams adjusted their teamwork, by changing the team composition or the planned clinical interventions to better meet the patients’ needs. Notably, team-based patient encounters led to a different view of the patient, their health issues, and how to collaborate. Our findings can inform educators of the importance of addressing patient-centered care in interprofessional learning arrangements. Today, clinical interprofessional placements may not exploit the potential for learning about patient-centeredness. A thematization of this, e.g., in supervision in future clinical placements can ensure an enhanced focus on this in interprofessional teamwork.
Exploring member trust in German community-supported agriculture: a multiple regression analysis
Authors: Zoll Felix , Kirby Caitlin K. , Specht Kathrin , Siebert Rosemarie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOpaque value chains as well as environmental, ethical and health issues and food scandals are decreasing consumer trust in conventional agriculture and the dominant food system. As a result, critical consumers are increasingly turning to community-supported agriculture (CSA) to reconnect with producers and food. CSA is often perceived as a more sustainable, localized mode of food production, providing transparent production or social interaction between consumers and producers. This enables consumers to observe where their food is coming from, which means CSA is considered suitable for building trust in food (production). However, it remains unclear how exactly members’ trust in ‘their’ farmers is built. To determine the factors that predict members’ trust in CSA and its farmers, and the importance of these factors when compared to each other, we conducted a quantitative study among CSA members in Germany and applied a multiple regression model (n = 790). The analysis revealed that trust in CSA and its farmers is influenced by “reputation”, “supply of information”, “direct social interaction” and the “duration of CSA membership”. Other factors such as the “certification status of the CSA farm” and “attitudes toward organic certification” did not significantly predict trust. We conclude that producers’ willingness to be transparent already signals trustworthiness to CSA members and is more important to members than formal signals. Other actors within the food system could learn from CSA principles and foster a transition toward a more regionalized value-based food system to help restore agriculture’s integrity.
Algorithmic trading with directional changes
Authors: Adegboye Adesola , Kampouridis Michael , Otero Fernando 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDirectional changes (DC) is a recent technique that summarises physical time data (e.g. daily closing prices, hourly data) into events, offering traders a unique perspective of the market to create novel trading strategies. This paper proposes the use of a genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize the recommendations of multiple DC-based trading strategies. Each trading strategy uses a novel framework that combines classification and regression techniques to predict when a trend will reverse. We evaluate the performance of the proposed multiple DC-strategy GA algorithm against nine benchmarks: five single DC-based trading strategies, three technical analysis indicators, as well as buy-and-hold, which is a popular financial benchmark. We perform experiments using 200 monthly physical time datasets from 20 foreign exchange markets—these datasets were created from snapshots of 10 min intervals. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm is able to statistically significantly outperform all DC and non-DC benchmarks in terms of both return and risk, and establish multi-threshold DCs as an effective algorithmic trading technique.
BCL-2 protein family: attractive targets for cancer therapy
Authors: Kaloni Deeksha , Diepstraten Sarah T , Strasser Andreas , Kelly Gemma L 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAcquired resistance to cell death is a hallmark of cancer. The BCL-2 protein family members play important roles in controlling apoptotic cell death. Abnormal over-expression of pro-survival BCL-2 family members or abnormal reduction of pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins, both resulting in the inhibition of apoptosis, are frequently detected in diverse malignancies. The critical role of the pro-survival and pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins in the regulation of apoptosis makes them attractive targets for the development of agents for the treatment of cancer. This review describes the roles of the various pro-survival and pro-apoptotic members of the BCL-2 protein family in normal development and organismal function and how defects in the control of apoptosis promote the development and therapy resistance of cancer. Finally, we discuss the development of inhibitors of pro-survival BCL-2 proteins, termed BH3-mimetic drugs, as novel agents for cancer therapy.
The Impact of First UK-Wide Lockdown (March–June 2020) on Sexual Behaviors in Men and Gender Diverse People Who Have Sex with Men During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Nadarzynski Tom , Nutland Will , Samba Phil , Bayley Jake , Witzel T. Charles 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe global COVID-19 pandemic resulted in strict social distancing measures restricting close physical contact. Men (cis and trans) and other gender diverse people who have sex with men (MGDSM) are at higher risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and may have experienced changes in sexual behavior during government restrictions on social and sexual contact. We aimed to examine self-reported sexual behavior of MGDSM during the first UK-wide lockdown to identify the characteristics of the individuals who might most require sexual health promotion and clinical support. In April–May 2020, we conducted an online survey of MGDSM, promoted on social media and Grindr. Our exploratory approach used descriptive analysis to identify self-reported changes in sexual behavior and performed regression analyses to identify correlates of casual sex during the lockdown. A total of 1429 respondents completed the survey: mean age 36 years, 84% White, 97% male or trans male, 98% assigned male sex at birth, 2% female or non-binary, 65% degree educated or higher. During the lockdown, 76% reported not having any casual sex partners. While the majority reported reduced casual sex, 3% reported an increase in casual sex with one person and 2% with three or more people (group sex). About 12% of the sample engaged in casual sex with only one person and 5% with four or more sexual partners during the lockdown. Reporting casual sex during lockdown was associated with: lower level of education OR = 2.37 [95% CI 1.40–4.01]; identifying as a member of an ethnic minority OR = 2.27[1.40–3.53]; daily usage of sexual networking apps OR = 2.24[1.54–3.25]; being less anxious about contracting SARS-CoV-2 through sex OR = 1.66[1.12–2.44]; using PrEP before lockdown OR = 1.75[1.20–2.56]; continuing to use PrEP OR = 2.79[1.76–4.57]; and testing for STIs during lockdown OR = 2.65[1.76–3.99]. A quarter of respondents remained sexually active with casual partners, indicating a need to provide STI screening services and health promotion targeted to groups most likely to have need over this period. Future research is required to better understand how to support sexual and gender minorities to manage sexual risk in the context of pandemic public health initiatives.
Few-shot re-identification of the speaker by social robots
Authors: Foggia Pasquale , Greco Antonio , Roberto Antonio , Saggese Alessia , Vento Mario 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNowadays advanced machine learning, computer vision, audio analysis and natural language understanding systems can be widely used for improving the perceptive and reasoning capabilities of the social robots. In particular, artificial intelligence algorithms for speaker re-identification make the robot aware of its interlocutor and able to personalize the conversation according to the information gathered in real-time and in the past interactions with the speaker. Anyway, this kind of application requires to train neural networks having available only a few samples for each speaker. Within this context, in this paper we propose a social robot equipped with a microphone sensor and a smart deep learning algorithm for few-shot speaker re-identification, able to run in real time over an embedded platform mounted on board of the robot. The proposed system has been experimentally evaluated over the VoxCeleb1 dataset, demonstrating a remarkable re-identification accuracy by varying the number of samples per speaker, the number of known speakers and the duration of the samples, and over the SpReW dataset, showing its robustness in real noisy environments. Finally, a quantitative evaluation of the processing time over the embedded platform proves that the processing pipeline is almost immediate, resulting in a pleasant user experience.
Racial Identity Development on the Margins: The Narratives of Black Women College Students with Experiences in the Foster Care System
Authors: Devost Audrey 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this qualitative research study is to explore ways Black women college students with experiences in the foster care system construct meaning of their foster care experiences, and how these experiences have influenced their higher education experiences, and the current status of their racial identity development. Using semi-structured interviews, the participant’s narratives are constructed to span across defining moments in their childhood to their current selves in higher education. Guided by Black feminist thought and intersectionality, the questions that this research study asks are (a) how does being a Black woman with experiences in the foster care system impact a student’s experience in higher education? and (b) what kinds of knowledge do these Black women perceive as lessons, that they acquired during their time in the foster care system? In centering the experience of being in foster care, this research highlights intragroup differences among Black women college students to demonstrate the complexity of racial identity development that transcends the boundaries of traditional racial identity models of measurement. The findings of this research illustrate the complexity of racial identity development for Black women college student with experiences in the foster care system.
An Examination of Thermal Coupling of an Ir/Au TES for TORIO-229 Experiment
Authors: Fedkevych M. , Biasotti M. , De Gerone M. , Ferrari Barusso L. , Gallucci G. , Gatti F. , Giovannini M. , Osipenko M. , Ripani M. , Siri B. , Taiuti M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe TORIO-229 experiment aims for a direct model-independent determination of the transition energy of $$^\mathrm {229m}$$

229
m

Th produced in $$^\mathrm {233}$$

233

U alpha decay. This knowledge will be of interest for the development of a scientific clock exploiting the thorium isomeric state, which would be able to significantly surpass the precision of the presently best clocks. As a detector for the isomeric transition, it is planned to use an array of fast transition-edge sensors (TESs) which demonstrated to be feasible in our previous work where the Ir/Au TES prototype demonstrated $$4.6\pm 1.7$$

4.6
±
1.7

µs rise time, $$5.8\pm 2.1$$

5.8
±
2.1

µs fall time and $$0.789\pm 0.023$$

0.789
±
0.023

eV energy resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of $$\sim$$
∼
10 with one-photon (2.824 eV) signal, satisfying the experimental requirements. Such a microcalorimeter will allow to register the transition in every possible channel in the energy range from 3 to 50 eV and with a lifetime of > 5 µs. To have a full characterization of a single TES for the final detector array design, its thermal conductance has to be measured. In this contribution, we report on a test measurement of thermal coupling of a TORIO-229 prototype-like iridium-gold TES.
Ground-motion prediction models for induced earthquakes in the Groningen gas field, the Netherlands
Authors: Bommer Julian J. , Stafford Peter J. , Ruigrok Elmer , Rodriguez-Marek Adrian , Ntinalexis Michail , Kruiver Pauline P. , Edwards Benjamin , Dost Bernard , van Elk Jan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSmall-magnitude earthquakes induced by gas production in the Groningen field in the Netherlands have prompted the development of seismic risk models that serve both to estimate the impact of these events and to explore the efficacy of different risk mitigation strategies. A core element of the risk modelling is ground-motion prediction models (GMPM) derived from an extensive database of recordings obtained from a dense network of accelerographs installed in the field. For the verification of damage claims, an empirical GMPM for peak ground velocity (PGV) has been developed, which predicts horizontal PGV as a function of local magnitude,ML; hypocentral distance,Rhyp; and the time-averaged shear-wave velocity over the upper 30 m,VS30. For modelling the risk due to potential induced and triggered earthquakes of larger magnitude, a GMPM for response spectral accelerations has been developed from regressions on the outputs from finite-rupture simulations of motions at a deeply buried rock horizon. The GMPM for rock motions is coupled with a zonation map defining frequency-dependent non-linear amplification factors to obtain estimates of surface motions in the region of thick deposits of soft soils. The GMPM for spectral accelerations is formulated within a logic-tree framework to capture the epistemic uncertainty associated with extrapolation from recordings of events ofML ≤ 3.6 to much larger magnitudes.
Computational modeling and simulation of closed chain arm-robot multibody dynamic systems in OpenSim
Authors: Green Matthew , Hong Yoon No Gregory , Roh Jinsook , Fregly Benjamin J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRehabilitation robot efficacy for restoring upper extremity function post-stroke could potentially be improved if robot control algorithms accounted for patient-specific neural control deficiencies. As a first step toward the development of such control algorithms using model-based methods, this study provides general guidelines for creating and simulating closed chain arm-robot models in the OpenSim environment, along with a specific example involving a three-dimensional arm moving within a two degree-of-freedom upper extremity rehabilitation robot. The closed chain arm-robot model developed in OpenSim was evaluated using experimental robot motion and torque data collected from a single healthy subject under four conditions: 1) active robot alone, 2) active robot with passive arm, 3) passive robot with active arm, and 4) active robot with active arm. Computational verification of the combined model was performed for all four conditions, whereas experimental validation was performed for only the first two conditions since torque measurements were not available for the arm. For the four verification problems, forward dynamic simulations reproduced experimentally measured robot joint angles with average root-mean-square (RMS) errors of less than 0.3 degrees and correlation coefficients of 1.00. For the two validation problems, inverse dynamic simulations reproduced experimentally measured robot motor torques with average RMS errors less than or equal to 0.5 Nm and correlation coefficients between 0.92 and 0.99. If patient-specific muscle–tendon and neural control models can be successfully added in the future, the coupled arm-robot OpenSim model may provide a useful testbed for designing patient-specific robot control algorithms that facilitate recovery of upper extremity function post-stroke.
A multinode superelement in the generalized strain formulation
Authors: Dwarshuis Koen , Ellenbroek Marcel , Aarts Ronald , Brouwer Dannis 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDesign and optimization of flexure mechanisms and real time high bandwidth control of flexure based mechanisms require efficient but accurate models. The flexures can be modeled using sophisticated beam elements that are implemented in the generalized strain formulation. However, complex shaped frame parts of the flexure mechanisms could not be modeled in this formulation. The generalized strain formulation for flexible multibody analysis defines the configuration of elements using a combination of absolute nodal coordinates and deformation modes.This paper defines a multinode superelement in this formulation, i.e., an element having its properties derived from a reduced linear finite element model. This is accomplished by defining a local element frame with the coordinates depending on the absolute nodal coordinates. The linear elastic deformation is defined with respect to this frame, where rotational displacements are defined using the off-diagonal terms of local rotation matrices. The element frame can be defined in multiple ways; the most accurate results are obtained if the resulting elastic rotations are as small as possible. The inertia is defined in two different ways: the so-called “full approach” gives more accurate results than the so-called “corotational approach” but requires a special term that is not available from standard finite element models. Simulations show that (flexure based) mechanisms can be modeled accurately using smart combinations of superelements and beam elements.