bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploratory Research towards Automated Masonry Construction using UAVs
Authors: Elkhapery B , Small E P 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Unmanned autonomous vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, are pervasive in modern society for both recreational and business purposes. Construction sites routinely employ UAVs to capture imagery used for photo documentation, progress reporting, surveying, and inspection. Drones can also carry infrared cameras and LIDAR, increasing opportunities for their use on construction sites. They are not limited, however, to remote sensing and photogrammetric applications. Research is pushing the boundaries to explore other UAV opportunities, such as material deliveries and physical construction. This paper reports on exploratory research to investigate current efforts in automated construction of masonry walls using drones and drone swarms. Masonry was chosen due to the repetitive nature of the processes, which increases the probability of successful implementation. The results of a literature review are first presented to establish the state of the art in this area. The proposed approach will be evaluated based on the construction quality in accordance with standards, entailing both accuracy and precision requirements in the laying process. Approaches for continuing research in drone-based masonry construction automation will be outlined and discussed in the conclusion.
Tightly-Packed Repetitive Schedules: A Tetris Challenge
Authors: Hegazy T , Mostafa K 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A large portion of new and rehabilitation projects for the civil infrastructure involves repetitive tasks that mandate high degree of synchronization among the resources to meet project constraints. Despite their large need for support, few tools exist commercially. This is due, in part, to the computational and visualization challenges of existing repetitive scheduling techniques, which complicate the process and make it less understood, particularly when the repetitive units are not identical and when resources are limited. This presentation introduces enhancements by dealing with repetitive scheduling as a game of Tetris, where tasks can change geometry to fit tightly together to save project duration. This is demonstrated through novel mathematical formulations, as well as a new heuristic scheduling algorithm (First-Come-First-Serve). It will be shown that the proposed geometrical adjustments are more advantageous in improving repetitive schedules than using expensive accelerations, and the new visuals make the schedule more legible. This research is a step towards making repetitive scheduling a mainstream tool, to benefit the construction industry.
A blockchain-based framework for supporting BIM-based building code compliance checking workflow
Authors: Gao H , Zhong B 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Code compliance checking of building designs is an essential task during the design and construction process, this process is time-consuming and laborious, and there is a risk of human manipulation, collusion and tampering with the results during the process. Existing BIM automated compliance checking technologies can reduce human errors and automatically output drawing review reports in some domains. But there are still few provisions that can be automatically reviewed, and most of the provisions still require human intervention. This research proposes a blockchain-based framework for managing both automated and manual compliance review processes in a BIM environment. The framework is developed to help improve the traceability and transparency of the compliance review process in the BIM environment. The framework includes on-chain and off-chain solutions for addressing the management issues in the code checking process. The prospects of the solution, challenges in implementation and future research directions were discussed.
A preliminary SWOT evaluation for the applications of ML to Cyber Risk Analysis in the Construction Industry
Authors: Yao Dongchi , Garcia de Soto Borja 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Construction 4.0 is driving construction towards a data-centered industry. Construction firms manage significant amounts of valuable digital information, making them the target of cyberattacks, which not only compromise stored information but could cause severe harm to cyber-physical systems, personnel, and products. Therefore, it is critical to conduct cyber risk analyses to manage construction information assets to ensure their confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Traditional risk analysis methodologies like Fault Tree Analysis have limitations in dealing with the rapidly evolving cyber risks. As an alternative, Machine Learning (ML) methods are finding their way into the risk analysis field. ML models developed for cybersecurity purposes can learn from past results to make reliable predictions while removing the laboriousness of the traditional risk analysis. This article reviews ML techniques used for cyber risk analysis in different industries in recent years. Based on that, we investigate how ML techniques could be used for cyber risk analysis. Afterward, a SWOT analysis is conducted to identify the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats regarding the applications of ML in cyber risk analysis in the construction industry, and recommendations to address the weaknesses and threats are presented. Finally, future research areas using ML to prevent cyberattacks in the construction industry are proposed.
Are we ready for a rational discussion? The existence of biases in construction dispute negotiation
Authors: Li K , Cheung S O 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Embedded in a network constellation of multi-stakeholders with various professional backgrounds and differing goals, the construction industry is featured with adversarial relationships and inevitable disputes. Therefore, high quality communication and negotiation among the parties are essential in achieving speedy and less costly dispute resolution. As rational evaluation underpins quality negotiation decisions, are construction disputing parties rational as they assumed? Are there any biases that could possibly prohibit them from making prudent judgement? This study seeks to understand the existence and impact of bias in construction dispute negotiation (CDN). The existence of four types of bias in CDN were discussed: preconception, self-affirmation, optimism and interest-oriented. Three categories of de-biasing strategy were also suggested to support the efficient settlement of construction dispute. Vast resources would be saved and amicable relationship among the collaborating parties could be developed when the impact of bias was curbed. Stepping into the digital era, construction dispute resolution professionals should develop the capabilities needed to harness the benefits of technologies for innovative ways of designing a bias-free dispute resolution mechanism.
Investigating Employee Performance for Improved Learning Curve in the South African Construction Industry
Authors: Chauke S , Mashwama N , Aigbavboa C , Thwala W 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Employee performance is one of the most critical factors that have an impact on organisational success. The quality and characteristics of an employee in the organisation are important attributes for success. it is not possible for an organisation to attain its goals and objectives without employees. Most construction projects in South Africa face several problems, including poor project performance and poor-quality project delivery, among others. These problems are mainly a result of a failure in employee performance. Improving employee’s performance is key to its success in delivering completed projects on schedule. The study is mainly a literature review/survey on the effects of employee turnover, the various ways to enhance employee performance, factors affecting employee performance, and the measures to improve employee performance.
The effectiveness of agile management on traditional projects within public organizations
Authors: Al Maamzi J J , Tawfik T 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
After the coronavirus pandemic, we must look for the notion of an agile methodology as one of the ways that supports the restoration of our businesses to what they were and even better; this is critical in order to remedy and grow the global economy once again. The notion of agility has been traditionally present, however, it was engaged only for IT and software projects. As this concept has been validated further during the pandemic, this methodology can be increasingly applied in different types of projects, such as construction projects and other infrastructure projects. With the growing adoption of agile methods, project managers at public organizations increasingly need to realize its applicability to their projects and the aspects that drive key project performance features. On the one hand, many firms confirmed that agile methods solved their difficulties during the pandemic, particularly in addressing changes due to unstable and unpredictable needs. On the other hand, some other firms have continued to struggle, arguably because of not practicing agile approaches. Consequently, this paper attempts to examine the effect of agile methodologies on the processes involved in traditional project management within public organizations, which it does through applying a qualitative method. Furthermore, this paper will explore how this methodology can allow project managers to evaluate the applicability of using an agile method within public organizations, especially for construction projects and other infrastructure projects.
Tracking Productivity in Real-time Using Computer Vision
Authors: Kadoura A , Small E P 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The construction industry is lagging behind other industries in terms of productivity gains with stagnant growth over several decades. The reasons for the lack of growth are complex and multifaceted, yet all causes and the resulting effects are realized on the output of the workers and machinery on-site. Often, typical site management practices do not identify productivity issues in a timely fashion when corrective actions may impact construction activity progress. Better management tools are required to optimize the productivity of on-site crews. This promises to positively impact the completion of individual tasks, work packages, projects, and ultimately the industry with respect to productivity, which is the driving force behind this research effort. The approach pursued focuses on utilizing commercially available cameras together with computer vision and artificial intelligence. With these tools, the main objective is to develop an algorithm capable of providing real-time feedback on the productivity of workers. Ideally, the algorithm will further identify each type of activity being conducted, thereby capturing useful productivity data. The initial model is a simple classifier that checks whether a worker performs work or stands idle. This is performed through algorithms that identify and track a person’s pose and joints and translate them to data points that can be evaluated and translated into helpful productivity measures. Finally, successfully developing a model capable of providing real-time productivity data will allow project managers and planners to better manage and utilize on-site resources. Additionally, since a large amount of data is collected and saved, trends in productivity levels can be tracked and studied further to optimize and improve them.
Project scheduling algorithms for construction projects with stretchable activities
Authors: Mályusz L , Vattai Z 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Project management requires increasingly complex, sophisticated scheduling models, preferably in the simplest possible way, for which the rapid expansion of computing capacity provides an increasing opportunity. In this paper, we examine deterministic models that, as a further development of the traditional CPM and PDM models (with four well-known minimum and maximum priority relationships) allow activity to be stretchable. The aim of the study is a) to implement different algorithms for time analysis on computers, b) to compare their speeds on large-scale real and artificial projects; c) to prepare proposals for selecting the best fitting algorithm(s) to the specific model(s). The comparison was based on real network. The results show that depending on the models, different algorithms perform well, so we recommend that different algorithms be implemented in the scheduling tools and let the tool decide which algorithms will be optimal for the computation time
Response strategies used to mitigate the effect of extreme weather on rural and remote housing in Australia
Authors: Jensen Christopher A. , Yule Jessamie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the extreme climates of Australia, rural and remote locations have special site and dwelling requirements and therefore special design solutions. This can include construction constraints, bushfire risk, resource efficiency, comfort and respect for the surrounding environment and heritage. Existing regulations targeted at extreme weather impacts such as bushfire, flood, cyclones, and heatwaves often impact the design and material choices for rural and remote housing due to their exposed locations, including housing proposed for rebuild following damage resulting from an extreme weather event. These regulations also lead to increased costs and uncertainty about the suitability of rural land for construction, making it challenging for rebuilding communities in affected areas. Such well-intentioned regulations also create limitations on innovation through experimental / bespoke building design, such as; 1) novel solutions to extreme weather mitigation and resistance 2) material choices for construction; and 3) achievement of operational and embodied energy reductions.
Experimental buildings provide significant innovation benefits to industry as is often seen in the development of sustainable and high-performance buildings. This research examines the academic and industry knowledge of current design regulations for extreme weather events and implications for experimental and innovative design, highlighting the challenges for buildings to achieve increasing standards of environmental performance whilst ensuring resilience in the face of increasing extreme weather events, with a specific focus on rural communities. Case study analysis is used to provide an understanding of the focus and strategies used by different groups in different locations to address the impacts of extreme weather.
BIM and Lean for value generation in the built asset industry: an information management perspective
Authors: Mehran D , Poirier E A , Forgues D 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The built asset industry’s notorious productivity gap is being targeted through digitalization, operationalized through Building Information Modelling (BIM), and the application of Lean philosophy to the planning, design, delivery, maintenance, and management of the built environment. While both approaches grow in popularity, their development has remained largely on parallel tracks. Both approaches have existed, for the most part, as two independent initiatives aimed at improving performance and productivity. An increasing amount of work however is pointing to the significant potential that can be achieved through the integration of both approaches. This paper investigates the mutual relations and synergies between BIM and Lean from an information management perspective. The paper also presents the key similarities, differences, synergies, and interactions between these two main drivers of built asset industry reform, while providing an investigation into the principles guiding the application of both within the construction industry.
Comparing 360° Virtual Reality Learning Configurations for Construction Education
Authors: Kim J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Virtual reality is rapidly becoming an effective tool for training in construction. Hazardous environments can be simulated and used for training purposes without endangering students. Furthermore, these virtual environments can be saved and re-used, on-demand, allowing students to observe temporal changes to an environment that would normally require multiple visits to a real project site to achieve. While the virtual construction site visit should not be considered a replacement for the real thing, some site visits get passed over because they are costly and logistically difficult to coordinate. Having options would be desirable. Virtual reality construction site visits using 360° photographs are a novel approach toward substituting for the real thing – yet they can be ineffective. Therefore, considering this media as a replacement for the real experience is not advisable – without some additional upgrades. This research documents a between-groups experiment that compared student’s self-reported learning performance when using 360° photographs that were annotated versus 360° photographs that were not annotated. The annotations included pop-ups, visual cues, audio clips, video clips, and quizzes to direct the learning when viewing the 360° photographs. Results indicated increased performance with the students that used the annotated 360° photographs. This study anticipated a difference in performance between the two groups and therefore used eye tracking technology with the students that used the non-annotated 360° photographs to obtain a better understanding of why their achievement differed.
Design of multi-layered building structures using BIM method
Authors: Szalai D , Horváth T 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Today BIM is an inevitable concept in construction design and while the workflow of consultant designers is mostly influenced to a small extent, new methods require a new kind of communication between them. This research focuses on the workflows of construction designers because their design works have a big impact on many other disciplines. This paper presents an examination about the processing methods of the building structure designers and the use of BIM with a questionnaire survey. In this research, a new way was also introduced to integrate definitions of multi-layered structures (created by construction designers) into the BIM/CAD model itself. The goal was to allow the data in the layer structure documents to be automatically linked to the model, and make it possible for all collaborators to continue working with the data separately. This paper proofs that this automated workflow greatly increases efficiency, accuracy and reduces human errors. ArchiCAD and Excel were used as our development framework: former one to create CAD/BIM models, latter one to handle the database of multi-layered structures. Individual codes were used to identify each unit of the layer structure and link them to the model itself. This way, it is not necessary to manually add the data to the elements, but the material properties can be read automatically into the model and the quantities can be measured. Similar scale, size, and complexity buildings were selected as a test environment where the ordinary and the new method were used in parallel throughout the design process. This provided a good comparison and demonstrated the effectiveness of database-based design. With the new approach, time required for first-round quantification was reduced by 41% and the time of a repeated quantification due to modifications was reduced by 56%, in average.
SCAN TO BIM: a systematic literature review network analysis
Authors: Adekunle S A , Aigbavboa C , Ejohwomu O A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Building information modelling (BIM) has transformed the AEC industry tremen-dously, and its adoption has been reported to be high due to the immense latent benefits. One of the inherent benefits of BIM is information management and the ability to integrate with other technologies to achieve this has become the gap being explored by researchers. Laser scanning technology is one of the technologies integrated with BIM. This is done to achieve BIM compliance of pre-BIM edifices. In recent years, substantial research has been conducted on the integration of BIM and laser scanning technologies. This study performed a state of the art review of these research efforts using Systematic literature review network analysis (SNLA) (this is a combination of systematic literature review (SLR) and citation network analysis (CNA). The objective of the study is to identify research trends and gaps for further research. The coverage of this study is from 2007 to 2020. Data was sourced from the Scopus database of published research works and analysed using network analysis. The study identified the publication trends, research trends among others. The study identified quality control and the integration of photogrammetry as the hot topics in this space. This study provides researchers with an insight into the scan to BIM research globally.
Computational investigation of interface printing patterns within 3D printed multilayered scaffolds for osteochondral tissue engineering
Authors: Choe Robert , Devoy Eoin , Kuzemchak Blake , Sherry Mary , Jabari Erfan , Packer Jonathan D , Fisher John P 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a highly prevalent rheumatic musculoskeletal disorder that commonly affects many joints. Repetitive joint overloading perpetuates the damage to the affected cartilage, which undermines the structural integrity of the osteochondral unit. Various tissue engineering strategies have been employed to design multiphasic osteochondral scaffolds that recapitulate layer-specific biomechanical properties, but the inability to fully satisfy mechanical demands within the joint has limited their success. Through computational modeling and extrusion-based bioprinting, we attempted to fabricate a biphasic osteochondral scaffold with improved shear properties and a mechanically strong interface. A 3D stationary solid mechanics model was developed to simulate the effect of lateral shear force on various thermoplastic polymer/hydrogel scaffolds with a patterned interface. Additionally, interfacial shear tests were performed on bioprinted polycaprolactone (PCL)/hydrogel interface scaffolds. The first simulation showed that the PCL/gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and PCL/polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) scaffolds interlocking hydrogel and PCL at interface in a 1:1 ratio possessed the largest average tensile (PCL/GelMA: 80.52 kPa; PCL/PEGDA: 79.75 kPa) and compressive stress (PCL/GelMA: 74.71 kPa; PCL/PEGDA: 73.83 kPa). Although there were significant differences in shear strength between PCL/GelMA and PCL/PEGDA scaffolds, no significant difference was observed among the treatment groups within both scaffold types. Lastly, the hypothetical simulations of potential biphasic 3D printed scaffolds showed that for every order of magnitude decrease in Young’s modulus (E) of the soft bioink, all the scaffolds underwent an exponential increase in average displacement at the cartilage and interface layers. The following work provides valuable insights into the biomechanics of 3D printed osteochondral scaffolds, which will help inform future scaffold designs for enhanced regenerative outcomes.