bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of a High-torque Robot Joint and Its Control System
Authors: Hua Qiang , Zhou Weigang , Zhu Shiqiang , Yao Yunchang , Cheng Chao , Xie Anhuan , Zhang Dan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The robot joint is one of the key components of robots. With the wide application of robot joints, the demand for joint torque is becoming higher and higher. However, at present, most high-torque robot joints are generally large in weight and size, which creates problems for some applications. For this purpose, a high-torque and high-torque-density robot joint is proposed. To improve the joints’ torque density, the lightweight motor and reducer with a large reduction ratio are selected, and the mechanical structure design is based on weight reduction, miniaturization, and heat dissipation. The maximum torque of the proposed robot joint can reach up to 182Nm, and its mass is only 1.8kg. Besides, an embedded control system is designed to control the robot joint. Many experiments were conducted to measure the robot joint’s characteristics, such as torque, speed, and control features. And the designed robot joints are successfully applied to a biped robot. The results verify the performance of the designed robot joint and its control system.
Turning Knife Health Monitoring Based on Vibration Signal with Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Jiayu Liu , Xiaomao Xia , Yuxi Song 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The wear of the turning tool has a great impact on product quality. With the development of sensor technology and increasing computing power, more and more research focuses on online monitoring and prediction of tool condition using machine learning methods. Nevertheless, most research has been conducted in laboratories, making it difficult to apply the results to the shop floor under complex production conditions. The research is based on vibration data measured in a real production environment of a turning machine. Machine learning models such as Random Forest, XGBoost, etc. were trained to predict the wear condition of the turning tool after features were extracted using digital signal processing techniques such as wavelet decomposition and empirical mode decomposition. A moving average-based method was proposed to convert the binary classification results into the probability of tool failure. On a real manufacturing data set, the online real-time monitoring is realized with an accuracy of 93.8%. It proves to be a good approach for managing spare parts in a real-time industrial environment with limited and isolated data sources.
XIV International Conference on Mathematics, Science and Technology Education
Authors: Kiv A E , Soloviev V N , Semerikov S O , Striuk A M , Osadchyi V V , Vakaliuk T A , Nechypurenko P P , Bondarenko O V , Mintii I S , Malchenko S L 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper represents a preface to the Proceedings of the XIV International Conference on Mathematics, Science and Technology Education (ICon-MaSTEd 2022) held at the Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University, Ukraine, 18-20 May 2022. Background information and the organizational structure of the meeting, proceedings structure, and acknowledgments of the contributions of the many people who made the conference a success are presented.
Smart systems of open science in teachers’ education
Authors: Marienko M V , Nosenko Yu H , Shyshkina M P 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The project announced by the authors is focused on the smart systems of open science, the issues of elaboration of methodological, methodic, and organizational support for the use of these emerging ICT in teaching and research, increasing the level of ICT competence of educators, including teachers. Given the significant pedagogical potential and novelty of existing approaches to the use of smart learning systems meaning first of all the cloud-based adaptive open science systems, their design and use in educational institutions, these issues still need theoretical and experimental research, refinement of approaches, models, methods and techniques, possible ways of implementation. In the process of studying leading experience, the following advantages of using the cloud-based services for teachers’ training were identified: resource savings, access mobility, elasticity, and others. The cloud-based methodological system for educational personnel training at different levels was proposed and considered: for the training of students for the Master level for educational sciences; for the in-service teachers’ training. The methods and tools of smart systems design and implementation were considered and evaluated. The recommendations and suggestions for the advisable ways for smart systems of open science introduction into the learning process were provided.
Resilience-based steps for adaptive co-management of Arctic small-scale fisheries
Authors: Galappaththi Eranga K , Falardeau Marianne , Harris Les N , Rocha Juan C , Moore Jean-Sébastien , Berkes Fikret 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Arctic small-scale fisheries are essential for the livelihoods, cultures, nutrition, economy, and food security of Indigenous communities. Their sustainable management in the rapidly changing Arctic is thus a key priority. Fisheries management in complex systems such as the Arctic would benefit from integrative approaches that explicitly seek to build resilience. Yet, resilience is rarely articulated as an explicit goal of Arctic fisheries management. Here, we first describe how marine and anadromous fisheries management throughout the North has used the notion of resilience through a literature review of 72 peer-reviewed articles. Second, we make a conceptual contribution in the form of steps to implement adaptive co-management that aim to foster resilience. Building on resilience-based insights from the literature review and foundational research on adaptive co-management and resilience, the steps we propose are to initiate and carry out (1) dialogue through a discussion forum, (2) place-based social-ecological participatory research, (3) resilience-building management actions, (4) collaborative monitoring, and (5) joint process evaluation. Additionally, we propose action items associated with the steps to put adaptive co-management into practice. Third, we assess two case studies, Cambridge Bay and Pangnirtung Arctic Char commercial fisheries, to explore how the five steps can help reinforce resilience through adaptive co-management. Overall, we propose novel guidelines for implementing adaptive co-management that actively seeks to build resilience within fishery social-ecological systems in times of rapid, uncertain, and complex environmental change.
Transitional behavior in sliding wear of martensitic layer obtained with SHPTN process on AISI 409 steel
Authors: Berton Elisiane Maria , Kurelo Bruna Corina Emanuely Schibicheski , Rovani Ane Cheila , Cousseau Tiago , Neves Julio Cesar Klein das , Pintaude Giuseppe , Borges Paulo César 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Samples of AISI 409 were thermochemically treated by the Solution Heat Treatment after Plasma Nitriding (SHTPN) process. SHTPN process consisted of a nitriding step followed by solution annealing at 1100 °C and rapid cooling down to room temperature. The second cycle of quenching (950 or 1050 °C), followed by tempering (250, 450, or 650 °C), was performed sequentially to SHTPN. Lubricated reciprocating tests were employed to analyze friction and wear behaviors. A bearing steel ball was used as a counterpart. The analysis of worn surfaces was assessed using optical interferometry and depth-sensing indentation. The last technique allows determining the work hardening caused by the wear process. Friction behavior was related to the deformation component: the higher the hardening, the higher the friction coefficient. Abrasion is the primary mechanism observed in all specimens, but there is a transitional behavior that depends on the original hardness of the surface. Samples with a similar hardness of bearing ball presented delaminated regions caused by highly deformed thin layer fatigue. Amongst SHTPN conditions NS-Q950-T2 and NS-Q1050-T2 presented the best balance of wear and corrosion performances.
Wear characteristics of flat die in flat die pellet mills based on Glycyrrhiza uralensis
Authors: Ren Sixue , Li Jingbin , Shi Yameng , Wen Baoqin , Li Liqiao , Su Zipeng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
During granulation, a serious wear problem may be found in flat die as a key component of a flat die pellet mill. Specific to this problem, Glycyrrhiza uralensis was selected as the wear-causing material to investigate the wear mechanism of the flat die. Additionally, carburizing steel (20Cr and 20CrMnTi) and stainless steel (4Cr13) commonly used in flat die were adopted to conduct wear tests. To explore the influence of Glycyrrhiza uralensis powder and rods on friction and wear properties of the above three types of steel materials, a CFT-I general-purpose tester for surfaces was applied under dry friction conditions. Moreover, x-ray diffractometer (XRD), three-dimensional profilometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) were used to analyze the phase compositions, surface morphologies, and elementary compositions of the samples. As demonstrated by relevant results, the influence of Glycyrrhiza uralensis on the flat die is primarily embodied in abrasive, adhesive, and fatigue wear, and a thermal oxidation reaction occurs on the surface of the flat die. By comparing the wear conditions of the three steel materials between the powder and rods of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, it is found that flat die damages caused by glycyrrhiza rods are more severe than those of its powder. Additionally, the lowest friction coefficients are generated by 20CrMnTi, which are 0.40 and 0.88, respectively. In terms of the mean wear depth, its values are 1.2 and 2 μm, which are below those of 20Cr and 4Cr13. The results herein reveal that flat die made of 20CrMnTi have excellent wear and ductile fracture resistance characteristics. Hence, this study may provide a theoretical guide for selecting flat die materials.
Complex floral traits shape pollinator attraction to ornamental plants
Authors: Erickson E , Junker R R , Ali J G , McCartney N , Patch H M , Grozinger C M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Ornamental flowering plant species are often used in managed greenspaces to attract and support pollinator populations. In natural systems, selection by pollinators is hypothesized to result in convergent multimodal floral phenotypes that are more attractive to specific pollinator taxa. In contrast, ornamental cultivars are bred via artificial selection by humans, and exhibit diverse and distinct phenotypes. Despite their prevalence in managed habitats, the influence of cultivar phenotypic variation on plant attractiveness to pollinator taxa is not well resolved.

Methods
We used a combination of field and behavioural assays to evaluate how variation in floral visual, chemical and nutritional traits impacted overall attractiveness and visitation by pollinator taxonomic groups and bee species to 25 cultivars of five herbaceous perennial ornamental plant genera.

Key results
Despite significant phenotypic variation, cultivars tended to attract a broad range of pollinator species. Nonetheless, at the level of insect order (bee, fly, butterfly, beetle), attraction was generally modulated by traits consistent with the pollination syndrome hypothesis. At the level of bee species, the relative influence of traits on visitation varied across plant genera, with some floral phenotypes leading to a broadening of the visitor community, and others leading to exclusion of visitation by certain bee species.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate how pollinator choice is mediated by complex multimodal floral signals. Importantly, the traits that had the greatest and most consistent effect on regulating pollinator attraction were those that are commonly selected for in cultivar development. Though variation among cultivars in floral traits may limit the pollinator community by excluding certain species, it may also encourage interactions with generalist taxa to support pollinator diversity in managed landscapes.
Cognitive Correlates of Impaired Testamentary Capacity in Alzheimer’s Dementia
Authors: Gerstenecker Adam , Martin Roy C , Hebert Katina , Triebel Kristen , Marson Daniel C 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Testamentary capacity (TC) is a legal construct about the ability to make or change a will. Although studies of financial and medical capacities have noted a strong association between capacity and cognition, no study has examined the cognitive correlates of TC in Alzheimer’s disease (ad).

Methods
Study participants were 22 cognitively healthy controls and 20 persons with mild to moderate ad who were administered a neuropsychological battery and the Testamentary Capacity Instrument (TCI), a new performance-based measure of TC. Both TCI Element and TCI Total scores were calculated. TCI Total scores were calculated for the purposes of expanding correlational analyses (i.e., Pearson’s product–moment) and are not intended for forensic TC evaluations. Final predictors were identified using linear and logistic regression modeling.

Results
All ad participants but one obtained TCI Totals that fell &gt;2.5 standard deviations below the control group mean. Initial cognitive correlates of TCI performance were measures of general cognition, language, verbal memory, executive function, and processing speed. The four cognitive variables showing the highest t values and correlating with TCI Total score &gt; 0.7 were entered into logistic and linear regression models. Final predictor models consisted of measures of verbal memory, executive function, and semantic knowledge and demonstrated shared variance of 0.71 (linear) and 0.82 (logistic).

Conclusions
A diagnosis of ad dementia is associated with clinical impairment in TC and associated cognitive abilities and indicates that a legal assessment of TC is warranted. Second, the results offer insight into the cognitive basis of TC in persons with Alzheimer’s dementia.
Transmission Blocking Activity of Low-dose Tafenoquine in Healthy Volunteers Experimentally Infected With Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Webster Rebecca , Mitchell Hayley , Peters Jenny M , Heunis Juanita , O’Neill Brighid , Gower Jeremy , Lynch Sean , Jennings Helen , Amante Fiona H , Llewellyn Stacey , Marquart Louise , Potter Adam J , Birrell Geoffrey W , Edstein Michael D , Shanks G Dennis , McCarthy James S , Barber Bridget E 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Blocking the transmission of parasites from humans to mosquitoes is a key component of malaria control. Tafenoquine exhibits activity against all stages of the malaria parasite and may have utility as a transmission blocking agent. We aimed to characterize the transmission blocking activity of low-dose tafenoquine.

Methods
Healthy adults were inoculated with Plasmodium falciparum 3D7-infected erythrocytes on day 0. Piperaquine was administered on days 9 and 11 to clear asexual parasitemia while allowing gametocyte development. A single 50-mg oral dose of tafenoquine was administered on day 25. Transmission was determined by enriched membrane feeding assays predose and at 1, 4, and 7 days postdose. Artemether-lumefantrine was administered following the final assay. Outcomes were the reduction in mosquito infection and gametocytemia after tafenoquine and safety parameters.

Results
Six participants were enrolled, and all were infective to mosquitoes before tafenoquine, with a median 86% (range, 22–98) of mosquitoes positive for oocysts and 57% (range, 4–92) positive for sporozoites. By day 4 after tafenoquine, the oocyst and sporozoite positivity rate had reduced by a median 35% (interquartile range [IQR]: 16–46) and 52% (IQR: 40–62), respectively, and by day 7, 81% (IQR 36–92) and 77% (IQR 52–98), respectively. The decline in gametocyte density after tafenoquine was not significant. No significant participant safety concerns were identified.

Conclusions
Low-dose tafenoquine (50 mg) reduces P. falciparum transmission to mosquitoes, with a delay in effect.
Impact of Intermittent Presumptive Treatment for Malaria in Pregnancy on Hospital Birth Outcomes on the Kenyan Coast
Authors: Kamau Alice , Musau Moses , Mwakio Stella , Amadi David , Nyaguara Amek , Bejon Philip , Seale Anna C , Berkley James A , Snow Robert W 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp) for pregnant women with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (SP) is widely implemented for the prevention of malaria in pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes. The efficacy of SP is declining, and there are concerns that IPTp may have reduced impact in areas of high resistance. We sought to determine the protection afforded by SP as part of IPTp against adverse birth outcomes in an area with high levels of SP resistance on the Kenyan coast.

Methods
A secondary analysis of surveillance data on deliveries at the Kilifi County Hospital between 2015 and 2021 was undertaken in an area of low malaria transmission and high parasite mutations associated with SP resistance. A multivariable logistic regression model was developed to estimate the effect of SP doses on the risk of low birthweight (LBW) deliveries and stillbirths.

Results
Among 27 786 deliveries, 3 or more doses of IPTp-SP were associated with a 27% reduction in the risk of LBW (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], .64–.83; P &lt; .001) compared with no dose. A dose-response association was observed with increasing doses of SP from the second trimester linked to increasing protection against LBW deliveries. Three or more doses of IPTp-SP were also associated with a 21% reduction in stillbirth deliveries (aOR, 0.79; 95% CI, .65–.97; P = .044) compared with women who did not take any dose of IPTp-SP.

Conclusions
The continued significant association of SP on LBW deliveries suggests that the intervention may have a non-malaria impact on pregnancy outcomes.
Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Determinants of Clinical Outcomes for Rifampin-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Multisite Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Heysell Scott K , Mpagama Stellah G , Ogarkov Oleg B , Conaway Mark , Ahmed Shahriar , Zhdanova Svetlana , Pholwat Suporn , Alshaer Mohammad H , Chongolo Anna M , Mujaga Buliga , Sariko Margaretha , Saba Sabrina , Rahman S M Mazidur , Uddin Mohammad Khaja Mafij , Suzdalnitsky Alexey , Moiseeva Elena , Zorkaltseva Elena , Koshcheyev Mikhail , Vitko Serhiy , Mmbaga Blandina T , Kibiki Gibson S , Pasipanodya Jotam G , Peloquin Charles A , Banu Sayera , Houpt Eric R 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Rifampin-resistant and/or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (RR/MDR-TB) treatment requires multiple drugs, and outcomes remain suboptimal. Some drugs are associated with improved outcome. It is unknown whether particular pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships predict outcome.

Methods
Adults with pulmonary RR/MDR-TB in Tanzania, Bangladesh, and the Russian Federation receiving local regimens were enrolled from June 2016 to July 2018. Serum was collected after 2, 4, and 8 weeks for each drug’s area under the concentration-time curve over 24 hours (AUC0–24). Quantitative susceptibility of the M. tuberculosis isolate was measured by minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Individual drug AUC0–24/MIC targets were assessed by adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for favorable treatment outcome, and hazard ratios (HRs) for time to sputum culture conversion. K-means clustering algorithm separated the cohort of the most common multidrug regimen into 4 clusters by AUC0–24/MIC exposures.

Results
Among 290 patients, 62 (21%) experienced treatment failure, including 30 deaths. Moxifloxacin AUC0–24/MIC target of 58 was associated with favorable treatment outcome (OR, 3.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.21–11.56; P = .022); levofloxacin AUC0–24/MIC of 118.3, clofazimine AUC0–24/MIC of 50.5, and pyrazinamide AUC0–24 of 379 mg × h/L were associated with faster culture conversion (HR &gt;1.0, P &lt; .05). Other individual drug exposures were not predictive. Clustering by AUC0–24/MIC revealed that those with the lowest multidrug exposures had the slowest culture conversion.

Conclusions
Amidst multidrug regimens for RR/MDR-TB, serum pharmacokinetics and M. tuberculosis MICs were variable, yet defined parameters to certain drugs—fluoroquinolones, pyrazinamide, clofazimine—were predictive and should be optimized to improve clinical outcome.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03559582.
Kidney biopsy in lupus nephritis after achieving clinical renal remission: paving the way for renal outcome assessment
Authors: Lledó-Ibáñez Gema Maria , Xipell Marc , Gomes Manuel Ferreira , Solé Manel , Garcia-Herrera Adriana , Cervera Ricard , Quintana Luis F , Espinosa Gerard 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTThe role of repeat kidney biopsy in lupus nephritis (LN) with renal remission is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess this role in a real-life scenario. This retrospective, single-centre study included 56 patients with LN diagnosed from 1998 to 2019, with an initial kidney biopsy (KB1) at the onset of LN and a second kidney biopsy (KB2) after achieving renal remission. A total of 51 (91.1%) patients were women with a median age of 29.9 years [interquartile range (IQR) 23.4–40.6] at the time of LN diagnosis. KB2s were performed after 41.1 months (IQR 30.1–52.5) of KB1. At the time of KB2, complete renal response was achieved in 51 (91.1%) patients. The median activity index decreased from a baseline value of 6.5 (IQR 2.8–11) to 0 (IQR 0–2) (P &lt; .001). The chronicity index worsened from 1 (IQR 0–2) to 2 (IQR 1–3) (P = .01). In patients with proliferative/mixed forms at KB2, the chronicity index median value increased to 3 (IQR 1.5–4), as well as interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy $\ge $25%, from 5.4% to 13.5%. Persistent histological active LN (activity index ≥2) was present in 11 (19.6%) KB2s. There were no differences when comparing immunological parameters between both groups (activity index ≥2 versus &lt;2) at KB2, nor in the percentage of patients who presented renal flare. Immunosuppressive treatment was withdrawn in 35 (62.5%) patients and maintained/switched in 21 (37.5%). Afterward, new renal flare occurred in 9 patients per group (25.7% and 43%, respectively), after a median time of 39 months (IQR 6.5–55) and 7 months (IQR 6–30), respectively. There was no difference in the number of patients who developed chronic kidney disease [n = 14 (25%)] according to the treatment. In conclusion, KB2 provides valuable information to guide immunosuppressive maintenance therapy.
Point-of-care ultrasonography in nephrology comes of age
Authors: Ross Daniel W , Moses Andrew A , Niyyar Vandana Dua 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTThe physical exam is changing. Many have argued that the physical exam of the 21st century should include point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). POCUS is being taught in medical schools and has been endorsed by the major professional societies of internal medicine. In this review we describe the trend toward using POCUS in medicine and describe where the practicing nephrologist fits in. We discuss what a nephrologist's POCUS exam should entail and we give special attention to what nephrologists can gain from learning POCUS. We suggest a ‘nephro-centric’ approach that includes not only ultrasound of the kidney and bladder, but of the heart, lungs and vascular access. We conclude by reviewing some of the sparse data available to guide training initiatives and give suggested next steps for advancing POCUS in nephrology.