bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A vanillin‐derived flame retardant based on 2‐aminopyrimidine for enhanced flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin
Authors: Sun Yulin , Zhong Saiyi , Luo Qinqin , Yu Biao , Song Jiangli , Tan Dexin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn order to give epoxy resin good flame retardance, a novel bio‐based flame retardant based on 2‐aminopyrimidine (referred to as VAD) was synthesized from renewable vanillin as one of the starting materials. Its structure was confirmed by NMR and mass spectra. The epoxy resins containing VAD were prepared by utilizing 4,4‐diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) as a co‐curing agent, and their flame‐retardant, mechanical and thermal properties and corresponding mechanisms were studied. VAD accelerated the cross‐linking reaction of DDM and E51 (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A). 12.5 wt% VAD made the epoxy resin achieve UL‐94 V‐0 rating and its limited oxygen index (LOI) value increase from 22.4% to 32.3%. The cone calorimetric testing results revealed the decline in the values of total heat release (THR) and peak of heat release rate (pk‐HRR) and the obvious enhancement of residue yield. A certain amount of VAD enhanced the flame inhibition, charring and barrier effects, resulting in good flame retardance of the epoxy resin. Furthermore, the tensile strength, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the epoxy resin with 12.5 wt% loading of VAD were 6.5%, 14.9%, 15.2% higher than those of EP, indicating the strengthening effect of VAD. This work guarantees VAD to be a promising flame retardant for enhancing the fire retardancy of epoxy resin without compromising its mechanical properties.
Effect of blowing agent content on the structure and flame‐retardant properties of rigid polyurethane foam/expanded graphite composites
Authors: Xu Xiaoyu , Bai Zhuyu , Guo Xincheng , Chen Yao , Chen Xiaolang , Lu Zongcheng , Wu Hong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDriven by global environmental issues, the development of green building materials has become an immediate focus. In this work, n‐pentane was used as an environmentally friendly blowing agent to prepare flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) with the addition of expandable graphite (EG) successfully, and the effect of n‐pentane content on flame retardancy and compressive properties of RPUF/EG composites was investigated through limit oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL‐94), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and compressive properties test. SEM results show that the content of EG and n‐pentane causes a change in the cell structure of RPUF. The change of the n‐pentane content has also an obvious effect on the thermal stability, flame retardancy, and specific compressive strength of RPUF/EG composites. In addition, the cell structure of RPUF matrix has an obvious influence on the distribution of EG in the composites, which indirectly affects the flame‐retardant efficiency of EG. This research explores the conditions for the application of environmentally friendly RPUF and expands its application prospects.
Anti‐osteoporosis medication dispensing by clinical commissioning groups in England – an ecological study of variability in practice and of the effect of the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Janjua Sobia S. , Boardman Helen F. , Sami Arvind , Johansen Antony , Toh Li Shean , Javaid Kassim M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate whether the rate of Anti‐Osteoporosis Medication (AOM) dispensing was related to prevalence of risk factors and hip fracture incidence in the local population.MethodsThe Open Prescribing database was used to analyse dispensed AOM at the level of Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) in England. Male Healthy Life Expectancy (MHLE), Female Healthy Life Expectancy (FHLE), the prevalence of smoking and active adults, the incidence of hip fracture and of alcohol related hospital admissions, and local dispensing of a comparator drug (atorvastatin) were considered as predictor variables. Linear and multilinear regression were performed. Using atorvastatin as a comparator, AOM dispensing was compared after the start of the Covid‐19 pandemic with the same quarter the previous year.ResultsRates of AOM per 1000 people aged over 65 years in a CCG area varied between 379.2 and 1129.1, with a mean of 670.3. Population risk factors were individually related to the amount of AOM dispensed in an area. Collectively, local activity levels in adults (p = 0.042) and local hip fracture incidence (p = 0.003) were significantly negatively correlated with rates of AOM dispensed. Rates of alendronate dispensing fell significantly at the start of the Covid‐19 pandemic (p < 0.001), whilst atorvastatin dispensing rates significantly increased (p < 0.001).ConclusionLower rates of AOM dispensing were seen in areas with a higher proportion of active adults and higher incidence of hip fracture. Multidisciplinary services should be developed to address this care gap with consideration given to local population risk factors. Community pharmacists are ideally placed to play a vital role in osteoporosis management.
Precise Regulation of Iron Spin States in Single FeN4 Sites for Efficient Peroxidase‐Mimicking Catalysis
Authors: Wang Qiuping , Liu Tianyang , Chen Kui , Wu Dan , Chen Cai , Chen Min , Ma Xianhui , Xu Jie , Yao Tao , Li Yafei , Zhou Huang , Wu Yuen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe catalytic activity and selectivity of single‐atom sites catalysts is strongly dependent on the supports structure and central metal coordination environment. However, the further optimization of electronic configuration to improve the catalytic performance is usually hampered by the strong coordination effect between the support and metal atoms. Herein, it is discovered that enzyme‐mimicking catalytic performance can be enhanced at the fixed coordination single‐atom Fe sites by regulating the Fe spin states. The X‐ray absorption fine structure, 57Fe Mössbauer spectrum, and temperature‐dependent magnetization measurements reveal that the spin states of Fe in single FeN4 sites can be well manipulated via changing the pyrolysis temperature. The intermediate‐spin Fe sites catalyst (t2g4 eg1) demonstrates a much higher peroxidase‐mimicking activity in comparison with high‐spin structure (t2g3 eg2). More importantly, the based enzymes system realizes sensitive detection of H2O2 and glucose by colorimetric sensors with high catalytic activity and selectivity. Furthermore, theoretical calculations unveil that the intermediate‐spin FeN4 promotes the OH* desorption process, thus greatly reducing the reaction energy barrier. These findings provide a route to design highly active enzyme‐mimicking catalysts and an engineering approach for regulating spin states of metal sites to enhance their catalytic performance.
Interfacial Strain‐Modulated Nanospherical Ni2P by Heteronuclei‐Mediated Growth on Ti3C2Tx MXene for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Nguyen Duong Nguyen , Phu Thi Kim Cuong , Kim Jaekyum , Hong Won Tae , Kim Jin‐Soo , Roh Seung Hun , Park Ho Seok , Chung Chan‐Hwa , Choe Woo‐Seok , Shin Hyeyoung , Lee Jun Young , Kim Jung Kyu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInterface modulation of nickel phosphide (Ni2P) to produce an optimal catalytic activation barrier has been considered a promising approach to enhance the hydrogen production activity via water splitting. Herein, heteronuclei‐mediated in situ growth of hollow Ni2P nanospheres on a surface defect‐engineered titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene showing high electrochemical activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is demonstrated. The heteronucleation drives intrinsic strain in hexagonal Ni2P with an observable distortion at the Ni2P@Ti3C2Tx MXene heterointerface, which leads to charge redistribution and improved charge transfer at the interface between the two components. The strain at the Ni2P@Ti3C2Tx MXene heterointerface significantly boosts the electrochemical catalytic activities and stability toward HER in an acidic medium via a combination between experimental results and theoretical calculations. In a 0.5 m H2SO4 electrolyte, the Ni2P@Ti3C2Tx MXene hybrid shows excellent HER catalytic performance, requiring an overpotential of 123.6 mV to achieve 10 mA cm−2 with a Tafel slope of 39 mV dec−1 and impressive durability over 24 h operation. This approach presents a significant potential to rationally design advanced catalysts coupled with 2D materials and transition metal‐based compounds for state‐of‐the‐art high efficiency energy conversions.
Experimental study on flexural behavior of a novel variable‐grade prefabricated concrete slab with surrounding composited
Authors: Lv Xiaoyong , Yu Zhiwu , Liao Zhenyu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates a novel variable‐grade prefabricated concrete (PC) slab with surrounding composited which has high prefabrication rate, sufficient installation rigidity, high on‐site construction efficiency, and good overall working performance. To improve the crack‐resistance performance of the transverse superposed surface and the overall working performance of the proposed novel PC slab, we optimize the position of variable‐grade and arrange it at the location where the bending moment is close to zero. We perform comparatively bending tests on three two‐span full‐scale slab strips that include boundary and intermediate beam‐slab joints to systematically investigate the flexural behavior of the proposed novel slab. The load versus deflection relationship, failure mode, distribution of cracks, development law of crack width and development of steel strain are comparatively studied. The test results confirm that the flexural behavior of the proposed novel PC slabs are similar and slightly better than that of the cast‐in‐place slab in general. No crack or slippage appears at the interface between the precast panel and the post‐pouring concrete. The connection method of L‐shaped anchorage rebars lap splicing in this study is cost‐effective, efficient, and reliable. Furthermore, we establish a finite element model and perform a parametric investigation on the proposed novel PC slab. Parametric simulations conclude that the increase of the strength of post‐pouring concrete and post‐pouring layer thickness can improve the bearing capacity of the proposed novel PC slabs.
Promulgation of sustainable palm oil clinker sand in the development of structural and non‐structural lightweight foamed concrete
Authors: Salari Farhang , Alengaram Ubagaram Johnson , Alnahhal Ahmed Mahmoud , Ibrahim Zainah Binti , Yusoff Sumiani , Ibrahim Muhammad S. I. , Srinivas M. Karthick , Unal Muhammed Talha 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe excessive exploitation of natural resources, such as mining or river sand in concrete, has resulted in several catastrophic disasters worldwide. Furthermore, the low compressive strength of lightweight concrete (LFC) has limited its use as structural concrete. In this research, the feasibility of replacing natural mining sand (MS) as fine aggregates in the development of LFC with local agro‐industrial waste material, namely palm oil clinker (POC), which can be considered a sustainable material, at different replacement ratios of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% was investigated. Because of the porous structure of POC, a volume‐based method was employed in the mix design of using the specific gravities to produce LFC with three different target densities of 1100, 1300, and 1500 kg/m3. The investigated parameters include workability, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. Overall, 100% replacement of MS volume with POC with the sieve size below 0.6 mm resulted in a 90‐day compressive strength of 26.7 MPa in the LFC with a density of 1500 kg/m3. Similar to the compressive strength, the utilization of the sustainable POC as fine aggregates slightly improved the tensile and flexural strengths of LFC. On the other hand, replacing 100% of MS with POC with the sieve size below 0.6 mm reduced the flow test results of LFC from 405 to 350 mm. The use of POC in LFC improved the bonding between cementitious material and fine aggregate, according to the UPV results.
Population genomic analysis of the Speckled Dace species complex identifies three distinct lineages in California
Authors: Su Yingxin , Moyle Peter B. , Campbell Matthew A. , Finger Amanda J. , O'Rourke Sean M. , Baumsteiger Jason , Miller Michael R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveSpeckled Dace Rhinichthys osculus is small cyprinoid fish that is widespread in western North America. In California and elsewhere it is currently treated as a single species with multiple subspecies, many undescribed. However, these subspecies may represent evolutionary lineages that are cryptic species because they cannot be distinguished using standard morphometric techniques. In this study, we attempt to determine evolutionary lineages within California populations of Speckled Dace using the population genetic and genomic information.MethodsWe used restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing to extract thousands of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms across the genome to identify genetic differences among all the samples from 38 locations in the western USA, with a focus on California. We performed principal component analysis, admixture analysis, estimated pairwise values of the genetic differentiation index FST, and constructed molecular phylogenies to characterize population genetic and phylogenetic relationships among sampled Speckled Dace populations.ResultOur analyses detected three major lineages of Speckled Dace in California that align with geography: (1) Sacramento River, central California coast, Klamath River, and Warner Basin; (2) Death Valley and Lahontan Basin; and (3) Santa Ana River basin, in southern California. These lineages fit well with the geologic history of California, which has promoted long isolation of populations of Speckled Dace and other fishes.ConclusionThe presence of distinct evolutionary lineages indicates that Speckled Dace in California should be managed with distinct population segments to preserve within‐species diversity. This study highlights the importance of genetic analyses for conservation and management of freshwater fishes.
Component damage‐based seismic fragility analysis of high‐rise building with transfer structure
Authors: Liang Kun , Su Ray Kai Leung 
Published: September 2022

SummaryFragility analysis is an effective tool used to assess the seismic risk of high‐rise buildings. During the process of fragility analysis, determining the engineering demand parameters (EDPs) corresponding to different damage states is of great importance as they directly influence the fragility results. However, for buildings with transfer structures, the EDPs corresponding to different damage levels are difficult to determine since the maximum demand in such buildings is mostly concentrated at the level of irregularity. Obtaining the fragility curves at component level (as used for bridge structures) may provide new insight into the seismic fragility analysis of buildings with transfer structures. Due to differences in structural systems and seismic response, it may be questionable whether such an approach can be directly applied to the fragility analysis of high‐rise buildings. In view of this, a component damage‐based approach suitable for high‐rise buildings and a detailed framework through which to obtain the fragility curves are proposed in this study. This method was applied to assess the seismic risk of a 34‐story concrete building with a transfer plate. The damage states for various structural components were obtained through a damage index (DI) model. The relationship between the DIs of the components and the maximum inter‐story drift ratios (MIDRs) was generated by cloud analysis, and MIDRs corresponding to different component damage states were obtained. The fragility curves at both component and system levels were evaluated. Numerical results indicate that, at the conservative level of PGA (0.2 g), the probability that the main components of the building incur irreparable damage is small, and the performance‐based seismic design requirements can be met.
Material Design and Energy Storage Mechanism of Mn‐Based Cathodes for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xie Shiyin , Li Xu , Li Yang , Liang Qinghua , Dong Liubing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMn‐based cathodes have been widely explored for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs), by virtue of their high theoretical capacity and low cost. However, Mn‐based cathodes suffer from poor rate capability and cycling performance. Researchers have presented various approaches to address these issues. Therefore, these endeavors scattered in various directions (e. g., designing electrode structures, defect engineering and optimizing electrolytes) are necessary to be connected through a systematic review. Hence, we comprehensively overview Mn‐based cathode materials for ZIBs from the aspects of phase compositions, electrochemical behaviors and energy storage mechanisms, and try to build internal relations between these factors. Modification strategies of Mn‐based cathodes are then introduced. Furthermore, this review also provides some new perspectives on future efforts toward high‐energy and long‐life Mn‐based cathodes for ZIBs.
LncRNA RHPN1‐AS1 inhibition induces autophagy and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via the miR‐7‐5p/EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Ma Xiulong , Ren Hongtao , Zhang Yang , Wang Baofeng , Ma Hongbing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLncRNA RHPN1‐AS1 (RHPN1‐AS1) has been confirmed to promote tumor progression in multiple cancers and is upregulated in prostate cancer (PCa), but whether it has an effect on PCa progression remains unclear. In this study, we found that PCa patients with high RHPN1‐AS1 expression had a shorter survival time, and RHPN1‐AS1 was significantly upregulated in PCa tissues and cells. Based on informatics analysis we predicted that miR‐7‐5p binds to 3′UTR of RHPN1‐AS1 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and verified it by luciferase reporter gene assay. Subsequently, we transfected PCa cells with RHPN1‐AS1 overexpression vector (RHPN1‐AS1), knockdown plasmids (sh‐RHPN1‐AS1) and/or miR‐7‐5p mimics or inhibitor and/or overexpression vector (EGFR) or small interfering RNA of EGFR (si‐EGFR) or its control, and found that overexpression of RHPN1‐AS1 inhibited miR‐7‐5p expression and promoted EGFR expression, silencing RHPN1‐AS1 inhibited proliferation and invasion, and induced G2/M arrest, apoptosis and autophagy in PCa cells. 3MA (an inhibitor of autophagy)‐mediated autophagy inhibition attenuated RHPN1‐AS1 inhibition‐induced apoptosis. Overexpression miR‐7‐5p or silencing EGFR promoted LC3‐I to LC3‐II conversion, enhanced autophagy activity, induced cleaved‐caspase‐3 expression and apoptosis in PCa cells. Furthermore, overexpression of RHPN1‐AS1 promoted phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K), AKT and mTOR, inhibited LC3‐I to LC3‐II conversion and reduced apoptosis in PCa cells, while GSK2126458 (an inhibitor of PI3K) reversed the effect of RHPN1‐AS1 on PCa cells. In summary, RHPN1‐AS1 acted as a ceRNA of miR‐7‐5p to upregulate EGFR expression, silencing RHPN1‐AS1 suppressed PCa tumor progression by inducing autophagy and apoptosis in PCa cells through the miR‐7‐5p/EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Imaging diagnosis: CT findings in bilateral necrotising sialometaplasia of the mandibular salivary glands in a Tibetan Terrier
Authors: Cheung April Wing Yan , Villedieu Erika J.A. , Parry Andrew T. , Weston Philippa J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA 7‐year‐old female neutered Tibetan Terrier presented with a 2‐week history of bilateral mandibular swelling, lethargy, reduced appetite, pyrexia and right sided exophthalmos. Computed tomography (CT) identified severe bilateral enlargement and heterogenicity of the mandibular salivary glands, which contained multiple cavitary lesions. Cytology of both mandibular salivary glands confirmed necrotising sialometaplasia. The treatment with phenobarbitone, omeprazole and paracetamol was initiated. The patient made a dramatic improvement upon 3‐week follow up, with marked reduction in size of the mandibular salivary glands and resolution of clinical signs. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case describing the CT imaging features of necrotising sialometaplasia.
A review of recent advances in empirical likelihood
Authors: Liu Pangpang , Zhao Yichuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEmpirical likelihood is widely used in many statistical problems. In this article, we provide a review of the empirical likelihood method, due to its significant development in recent years. Since the introduction of empirical likelihood, variants of empirical likelihood have been proposed, and the applications of empirical likelihood in high dimensions have also been studied. It is necessary to summarize the new development of empirical likelihood. In this article, we give a review of the Bayesian empirical likelihood, the bias‐corrected empirical likelihood, the jackknife empirical likelihood, the adjusted empirical likelihood, the extended empirical likelihood, the transformed empirical likelihood, the mean empirical likelihood, and the empirical likelihood with high dimensions. Finally, we have a brief survey of the computation and implementation for empirical likelihood methods.This article is categorized under:
Applications of Computational Statistics > Education in Computational Statistics
mRNA isoform balance in neuronal development and disease
Authors: LaForce Geneva R. , Philippidou Polyxeni , Schaffer Ashleigh E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBalanced mRNA isoform diversity and abundance are spatially and temporally regulated throughout cellular differentiation. The proportion of expressed isoforms contributes to cell type specification and determines key properties of the differentiated cells. Neurons are unique cell types with intricate developmental programs, characteristic cellular morphologies, and electrophysiological potential. Neuron‐specific gene expression programs establish these distinctive cellular characteristics and drive diversity among neuronal subtypes. Genes with neuron‐specific alternative processing are enriched in key neuronal functions, including synaptic proteins, adhesion molecules, and scaffold proteins. Despite the similarity of neuronal gene expression programs, each neuronal subclass can be distinguished by unique alternative mRNA processing events. Alternative processing of developmentally important transcripts alters coding and regulatory information, including interaction domains, transcript stability, subcellular localization, and targeting by RNA binding proteins. Fine‐tuning of mRNA processing is essential for neuronal activity and maintenance. Thus, the focus of neuronal RNA biology research is to dissect the transcriptomic mechanisms that underlie neuronal homeostasis, and consequently, predispose neuronal subtypes to disease.This article is categorized under:
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development