bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Artificial Intelligence Approach to Predicting Unplanned Intubation Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Veeramani Ashwin , Zhang Andrew S , Blackburn Amy Z. , Etzel Christine M. , DiSilvestro Kevin J. , McDonald Christopher L. , Daniels Alan H. 
Published: February 2022

Study Design Level III retrospective database study. Objectives The purpose of this study is to determine if machine learning algorithms are effective in predicting unplanned intubation following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Methods The National Surgical Quality Initiative Program (NSQIP) was queried to select patients who had undergone ACDF. Machine learning analysis was conducted in Python and multivariate regression analysis was conducted in R. C-Statistics area under the curve (AUC) and prediction accuracy were used to measure the classifier’s effectiveness in distinguishing cases. Results In total, 54 502 patients met the study criteria. Of these patients, .51% underwent an unplanned re-intubation. Machine learning algorithms accurately classified between 72%-100% of the test cases with AUC values of between .52-.77. Multivariable regression indicated that the number of levels fused, male sex, COPD, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) > 2, increased operating time, Age > 65, pre-operative weight loss, dialysis, and disseminated cancer were associated with increased risk of unplanned intubation. Conclusions The models presented here achieved high accuracy in predicting risk factors for re-intubation following ACDF surgery. Machine learning analysis may be useful in identifying patients who are at a higher risk of unplanned post-operative re-intubation and their treatment plans can be modified to prophylactically prevent respiratory compromise and consequently unplanned re-intubation.
Computed Tomography Imaging Analysis of the MPFL Femoral Footprint Morphology and the Saddle Sulcus: Evaluation of 1094 Knees
Authors: Chen Jiebo , Xiong Yijia , Han Kang , Xu Caiqi , Cai Jiangyu , Wu Chenliang , Ye Zipeng , Zhao Jinzhong , Xie Guoming 
Published: February 2022

Background: The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) has been reported to be anatomically attached from an osseous saddle region (saddle sulcus) between neighboring landmarks on the femur, including the adductor tubercle (AT), medial epicondyle (ME), and medial gastrocnemius tubercle (MGT). However, the position and prevalence of the saddle sulcus remain unknown. Purpose: To study the femoral footprint of MPFL and the prevalence of the saddle sulcus with computed tomography (CT) imaging; quantify the position of the saddle sulcus; and determine the relevant factors of the identified position and measuring distances. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 1094 knees in 753 patients were studied. Knees were organized into an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) group (controls) and a recurrent patellar dislocation (RPD) group. Using 3-dimensionally reconstructed CT images, the authors determined the prevalence of the saddle sulcus and its position relative to the AT, the ME, the Schöttle point (1.3 mm anterior to the distal posterior cortex and 2.5 mm distal to the posterior origin of the medial femoral condyle), and the Fujino point (approximately 10 mm distal to the AT). Analysis of covariance was used to adjust for age, sex, side, and body mass index on the measurements. Results: There were 555 knees in the control group and 539 knees in the RPD group. The MPFL femoral footprint presented as an oblique, oblong, osseous region (saddle sulcus) in 75.7% of knees (75.0%, ACLR group vs 76.4%, RPD group; P < .001). The saddle sulcus was located a mean of 12.2 mm (95% CI, 12.0-12.4 mm) from a line connecting the apex of the AT to the ME (AT-ME) and a mean of 7.6 mm (95% CI, 7.5-7.8 mm) posteriorly perpendicular to that line. The location as a proportion of the AT-ME distance was 63.1% (95% CI, 62.6%-63.7%) in the X direction and 39.8% (95% CI, 39.1%-40.5%) in the Y direction. The Schöttle and Fujino points lay anterior and proximal to the saddle sulcus more than 5 mm away from the center of the saddle sulcus. Women had a higher prevalence of saddle sulcus (odds ratio [OR], 1.33 [95% CI, 1.00-1.75]; P = .046) compared with men. Conclusion: The saddle sulcus was identified in 75.7% of knees from the medial femoral aspect, with its center located consistently between the AT and ME.
Open Latissimus Dorsi Transfer for Irreparable Subscapularis Tendon Tear
Authors: Le Hanneur Malo , Housset Victor , Martinel Vincent , Nourissat Geoffroy 
Published: February 2022

Background: In cases of irreparable subscapularis (SSC) tendon tear in young and active patients, tendon transfers stand as the only surgical option. With a posterior-inferior-medial line of action and a synergistic action with the SSC muscle, the latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle appears to be the most adequate option. Indications: Indications include symptomatic and irreparable Lafosse type-IV or type-V SSC lesions in young and active patients with preserved glenohumeral joint. Technique Description: With the patient in the supine position under general anesthesia, a deltopectoral approach is used and extended distally so that the pectoralis major (PM) and long head of the biceps (LHB) tendons can be fully exposed and mobilized. The LD tendon is then exposed, freed from its humeral insertion to be prepared in a Krackow fashion, and extensively released from surrounding fasciomuscular adhesions to be freely mobilized proximally. The lesser tuberosity is prepared with a rongeur so that the LD tendon can be secured to cancellous bone on the former SSC insertion site with two rows of anchors. The rotator interval is then closed to prevent any extension of the existing tear to the superior aspect of the rotator cuff. Finally, the LHB is fixed to conjoint tendon in physiologic tension, and the surgical wound is closed. Results: With failure and revision rates ranging from 0% to 20%, this transfer seems as safe and reliable as other transfers. Unspecific complications were observed by different teams, but no cases of nerve compressions were reported. Conversely, significantly better functional outcomes are reported when using the LD muscle then when using the PM muscle as donor. Discussion/Conclusion: With a rather straightforward surgical technique, the open LD transfer seems to provide satisfactory short- to mid-term outcomes in cases of irreparable and symptomatic SSC tendon tear. Long-term results have yet to be determined, particularly regarding the prevention of glenohumeral osteoarthritis.
NK cell frequencies, function and correlates to vaccine outcome in BNT162b2 mRNA anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated healthy and immunocompromised individuals
Authors: Cuapio Angelica , Boulouis Caroline , Filipovic Iva , Wullimann David , Kammann Tobias , Parrot Tiphaine , Chen Puran , Akber Mira , Gao Yu , Hammer Quirin , Strunz Benedikt , Pérez Potti André , Rivera Ballesteros Olga , Lange Joshua , Muvva Jagadeeswara Rao , Bergman Peter , Blennow Ola , Hansson Lotta , Mielke Stephan , Nowak Piotr , Söderdahl Gunnar , Österborg Anders , Smith C. I. Edvard , Bogdanovic Gordana , Muschiol Sandra , Hellgren Fredrika , Loré Karin , Sobkowiak Michal J. , Gabarrini Giorgio , Healy Katie , Sällberg Chen Margaret , Alici Evren , Björkström Niklas K. , Buggert Marcus , Ljungman Per , Sandberg Johan K. , Aleman Soo , Ljunggren Hans-Gustaf 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAdaptive immune responses have been studied extensively in the course of mRNA vaccination against COVID-19. Considerably fewer studies have assessed the effects on innate immune cells. Here, we characterized NK cells in healthy individuals and immunocompromised patients in the course of an anti-SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA prospective, open-label clinical vaccine trial. See trial registration description in notes. Results revealed preserved NK cell numbers, frequencies, subsets, phenotypes, and function as assessed through consecutive peripheral blood samplings at 0, 10, 21, and 35 days following vaccination. A positive correlation was observed between the frequency of NKG2C+ NK cells at baseline (Day 0) and anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ab titers following BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination at Day 35. The present results provide basic insights in regards to NK cells in the context of mRNA vaccination, and have relevance for future mRNA-based vaccinations against COVID-19, other viral infections, and cancer.Trial registration: The current study is based on clinical material from the COVAXID open-label, non-randomized prospective clinical trial registered at EudraCT and clinicaltrials.gov (no. 2021–000175-37). Description: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04780659?term=2021-000175-37&draw=2&rank=1.
Impact of pathobiological diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on clinical features and lethal outcome of tuberculosis
Authors: Mokrousov Igor , Pasechnik Oksana , Vyazovaya Anna , Yarusova Irina , Gerasimova Alena , Blokh Aleksey , Zhuravlev Viacheslav 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Mycobacterium tuberculosis population in Russia is dominated by the notorious Beijing genotype whose major variants are characterized by contrasting resistance and virulence properties. Here we studied how these strain features could impact the progression of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) concerning clinical manifestation and lethal outcome.

Results
The study sample included 548 M. tuberculosis isolates from 548 patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB in Omsk, West Siberia, Russia. Strains were subjected to drug susceptibility testing and genotyping to detect lineages, sublineages, and subtypes (within Beijing genotype). The Beijing genotype was detected in 370 (67.5%) of the studied strains. The strongest association with multidrug resistance (MDR) was found for epidemic cluster Beijing B0/W148 (modern sublineage) and two recently discovered MDR clusters 1071–32 and 14717–15 of the ancient Beijing sublineage. The group of patients infected with hypervirulent and highly lethal (in a mouse model) Beijing 14717–15 showed the highest rate of lethal outcome (58.3%) compared to Beijing B0/W148 (31.4%; P = 0.06), Beijing Central Asian/Russian (29.7%, P = 0.037), and non-Beijing (15.2%, P = 0.001). The 14717–15 cluster mostly included isolates from patients with infiltrative but not with fibrous-cavernous and disseminated TB. In contrast, a group infected with low virulent 1071–32-cluster had the highest rate of fibrous-cavernous TB, possibly reflecting the capacity of these strains for prolonged survival and chronicity of the TB process.

Conclusions
The group of patients infected with hypervirulent and highly lethal in murine model 14717–15 cluster had the highest proportion of the lethal outcome (58.3%) compared to the groups infected with Beijing B0/W148 (31.4%) and non-Beijing (15.2%) isolates. This study carried out in the TB high-burden area highlights that not only drug resistance but also strain virulence should be considered in the implementation of personalized TB treatment.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients hospitalised with COVID-19: clinical outcomes in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Al Harbi Mariam , Al Kaabi Nawal , Al Nuaimi Asma , Abdalla Jehad , Khan Tehmina , Gasmelseed Huda , Khan Asad , Hamdoun Osama , Weber Stefan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) was first reported in December 2019. The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ranges from asymptomatic to severe and potentially fatal. We aimed to describe the clinical and laboratory features and outcomes of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 within the Abu Dhabi Healthcare Services Facilities (SEHA).

Methods
Our retrospective analysis of patient data collected from electronic health records (EHRs) available from the SEHA health information system included all patients admitted from 1 March to 31 May 2020 with a laboratory-confirmed PCR diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Data of clinical features, co-morbidities, laboratory markers, length of hospital stay, treatment received and mortality were analysed according to severe versus non-severe disease.

Results
The study included 9390 patients. Patients were divided into severe and non-severe groups. Seven hundred twenty-one (7.68%) patients required intensive care, whereas the remaining patients (92.32%) had mild or moderate disease. The mean patient age of our cohort (41.8 years) was lower than the global average. Our population had male predominance, and it included various nationalities. The major co-morbidities were hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. Laboratory tests revealed significant differences in lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and creatinine levels and the neutrophil count between the severe and non-severe groups. The most common anti-viral therapy was the combination of Hydroxychloroquine and Favipiravir. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 1.63%, although the rate was 19.56% in the severe group. The mortality rate was higher in adults younger than 30 years than in those older than 60 years (2.3% vs. 0.95%).

Conclusions
Our analysis suggested that Abu Dhabi had lower COVID-19 morbidity and mortalities rates were less than the reported rates then in China, Italy and the US. The affected population was relatively young, and it had an international representation. Globally, Abu Dhabi had one of the highest testing rates in relation to the population volume. We believe the early identification of patients and their younger age resulted in more favourable outcomes.
Primary emotions as predictors for fear of COVID-19 in former inpatients with Major Depressive Disorder and healthy control participants
Authors: Sanwald Simon , Widenhorn-Müller Katharina ,   GenEmo Research Group, Gahr Maximilian , Kammer Thomas , Schönfeldt-Lecuona Carlos , Montag Christian , Kiefer Markus 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction
There are reports of an increase in depressive symptoms and fear during the COVID-19 pandemic, in particular in patients with depression. This study investigates factors related to fear of COVID-19 in former inpatients suffering from depression and healthy controls by assessing variables typically associated with depression and anxiety disorders, i.e. stressful life events (SLEs), the primary emotions SADNESS, PLAY and SEEKING as well as dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies with respect to suppression and reappraisal.

Methods
Data of n = 44 former inpatients suffering from depression and n = 49 healthy controls were collected. The study had a longitudinal design with two measurement points. Before the pandemic, SLEs, primary emotions, emotion regulation and depression severity were assessed. During the pandemic, COVID-19 associated stressors and life events, emotion regulation, depression severity and fear of COVID-19 were assessed.

Results
Fear of COVID-19 and depression severity during the pandemic were significantly higher in former inpatients than in healthy controls. Depression diagnosis, SLEs and depression severity before the pandemic were significant positive predictors of fear of COVID-19. The primary emotion PLAY was a significant negative predictor of fear of COVID-19. Depression severity did not change significantly in healthy controls.

Conclusion
The results show that risk factors for depression might be risk factors for high fear of COVID-19. In addition, a playful personality could help preventing mental stress in pandemic situations. Thus, positivity based interventions could counteract elevated fear scores during a pandemic.
Exploring housing policies in five Swedish municipalities: alternatives and priorities
Authors: Heller Christina , Ekstam Lisa , Haak Maria , Schmidt Steven M. , Slaug Björn 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Housing shortage due to population growth within metropolitan areas, combined with an ageing population, has put pressure on current housing provision in Sweden. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop sustainable housing policies to accommodate the growing number of seniors in accessible home environments. This study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of how municipalities currently address housing accessibility issues and to explore what types of policy solutions they consider for the future.

Material and methods
Five Swedish municipalities were selected to represent a diversity of the population, housing provision approaches, and geographical areas. To understand current housing policies, two key actors (e.g. public officials, housing adaptation grant managers, city architects, etc.) from each municipality participated in semi-structured interviews (N = 10). Subsequently, those key actors, two senior citizens, and three researchers participated in a research circle to explore future policy solutions. Data were analyzed using content analysis.

Results
The interviews revealed common approaches to deal with housing accessibility issues such as regular renovations and maintenance, individual adaptations based on specific needs, and seeking collaboration with private housing actors on housing provision matters. Possible measures suggested for the future included increasing the national coordination of housing accessibility policies, amending legislation to only allow the construction of housing according to strengthened accessibility standards, and introducing economic incentives for seniors to move from housing with poor accessibility to more accessible accommodations.

Conclusions
Municipalities struggle with the lack of accessible and affordable housing for their ageing population, despite a large variety of policies from economic incentives to research and development policies. The results suggest that collaboration needs to be improved between all actors involved in housing policies. Preventive measures within the current laws may be needed to strengthen the construction of more accessible and affordable housing for populations ageing in place.
Socioeconomic differences in metabolic syndrome development: examining the mediating role of chronic stress using the Lifelines Cohort Study
Authors: Hoveling Liza A. , Liefbroer Aart C. , Bültmann Ute , Smidt Nynke 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) development strongly varies based on individuals’ socioeconomic position (SEP), but to date, no studies have assessed the mediating role of perceived stress from long-term difficulties (chronic stress) in this association. The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of chronic stress in the associations of the SEP measures education, occupational prestige and income, with MetS development, and whether associations between chronic stress and MetS are moderated by sex.

Methods
We used an adult subsample (n = 53,216) from the Lifelines Cohort Study without MetS at baseline. MetS development was measured 3.9 years after baseline (follow-up), and defined according to National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII) criteria. Direct associations between SEP, chronic stress and MetS development were estimated using multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses, and were adjusted for age, sex, the other SEP measures, and time between baseline and follow-up. The mediating percentages of chronic stress explaining the associations between SEP and MetS development were estimated using the Karlson-Holm-Breen method.

Results
Upon follow-up, 7.4% of the participants had developed MetS. Years of education and occupational prestige were inversely associated with MetS development. Chronic stress suppressed the association between education and MetS development (5.6%), as well as the association between occupational prestige and MetS development (6.2%). No effect modification of sex on the chronic stress-MetS pathway was observed.

Conclusions
Chronic stress does not explain educational and occupational differences in developing MetS. In fact, individuals with more years of education or higher occupational prestige perceive more chronic stress than their lower SEP counterparts. Further, no difference between males and females was observed regarding the relationship between chronic stress and MetS development.
Reduced dispensing of prescribed antibiotics during the Covid-19 pandemic has not increased severe complications from common infections
Authors: Norman Christer , Svensson Mikaela , Schmidt Ingrid , Bergfeldt Vendela S. , Obeid Ragda , Ternhag Anders , Struwe Johan L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Sweden has seen an accelerated decline in the number of dispensed antibiotic prescriptions from an already low level during the Covid-19 pandemic. This prompted us to explore whether the decrease in antibiotic prescriptions has reached a critically low level and resulted in an increase in treatment of severe complications from common infections. The aim was to study if the accelerated decrease in antibiotic sales has led to an increase in complications in outpatients with common infections.

Method
A population-based nationwide registry study based on the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and the National Patient Register.

Results
The total number of dispensed antibiotic prescriptions decreased by 17% during 2020 compared to 2019. The decrease was most pronounced in younger age groups and for antibiotics targeting respiratory tract infections. The number of hospital admissions and visits to open specialist care due to pneumonia or complications related to otitis, tonsillitis, or sinusitis decreased by 4–44%. Prescriptions and numbers of visits or admissions due to urinary tract infections and skin infections remained largely unchanged compared to previous years.

Conclusion
No increase in complications due to common bacterial infections could be detected despite an unprecedented decline in dispensed antibiotic prescriptions in outpatient care in 2020. The decrease in dispensed antibiotic prescriptions from pharmacies was probably primarily related to a general decrease in the incidence of respiratory infections due to the recommendations and restrictions implemented to mitigate the Covid-19 pandemic in Sweden. This in return led to fewer doctors’ visits and consequently to fewer occasions to prescribe antibiotics, be they warranted or not.