bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances on Nanocrystals Embedding for High Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Huixin , Guo Pengfei , Wang Hongyue , Guo Yangyang , Wei Yang , Cao Fengren , Li Liang , Wang Hongqiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInterfacial loss arising from defect trapping, contact barrier, and energy level alignment in the emerged perovskite solar cells (PSCs), is one of the most important issues to address for both improved photoconversion efficiency and long‐term operational stability. The recent endeavors on the interfacial embedding of nanocrystals (NCs) in desired locations of PSCs have shown great success in terms of eliminating the interfacial loss in PSCs, while there is a lack of review to summarize the advances of NCs embedding for improved carrier dynamics and inhibited environmental degradation. Present study systematically analyzes the recent achievements on the embedding of a series of NCs including carbon dots, perovskite NCs, II‐VI semiconductor NCs, metal/alloy NCs, which are intentionally introduced in desired layers/interfaces of PSCs. The specific functionality of the NCs embedding including carrier dynamic modulation, crystallinity enhancement, defect passivation, light trapping, and stability enhancement are sorted out, according to the requirement of each layer in PSCs. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of NCs embedding for perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices is outlook. The present study provides a guide for developing NCs‐based additives for high‐performance PSCs is believed.
Dense Platinum/Nickel Oxide Heterointerfaces with Abundant Oxygen Vacancies Enable Ampere‐Level Current Density Ultrastable Hydrogen Evolution in Alkaline
Authors: Wang Kaixi , Wang Shuo , Hui Kwan San , Li Junfeng , Zha Chenyang , Dinh Duc Anh , Shao Zongping , Yan Bo , Tang Zikang , Hui Kwun Nam 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPlatinum (Pt) remains the benchmark electrocatalyst for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but its industry‐scale hydrogen production is severely hampered by the lack of well‐designed durable Pt‐based materials that can operate at ampere‐level current densities. Herein, based on the original oxide layer and parallel convex structure on the surface of nickel foam (NF), a 3D quasi‐parallel architecture consisting of dense Pt nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized oxygen vacancy‐rich NiOx heterojunctions (Pt/NiOx‐OV) as an alkaline HER catalyst is developed. A combined experimental and theoretical studies manifest that anchoring Pt NPs on NiOx‐OV leads to electron‐rich Pt species with altered density of states (DOS) distribution, which can efficiently optimize the d‐band center and the adsorption of reaction intermediates as well as enhance the water dissociation ability. The as‐prepared catalyst exhibits extraordinary HER performance with a low overpotential of 19.4 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a mass activity 16.3‐fold higher than that of 20% Pt/C, and a long durability of more than 100 h at 1000 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the assembled alkaline electrolyzer combined with NiFe‐layered double hydroxide requires extremely low voltage of 1.776 V to attain 1000 mA cm−2, and can operate stably for more than 400 h, which is rarely achieved.
Restraining Shuttle Effect in Rechargeable Batteries by Multifunctional Zeolite Coated Separator
Authors: Li Zhengang , Zhou Shiyuan , Wu Xiaohong , Zhang Baodan , Yu Xiaoyu , Pei Fei , Liao Hong‐Gang , Qiao Yu , Zhou Haoshen , Sun Shi‐Gang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe detrimental shuttle of soluble species from cathode to anode inside battery, is a critical thorn limiting stability and reversibility of rechargeable battery. Herein, an ordered pore‐window of zeolite molecular sieve is employed to effectively block shuttle of soluble matters, and prepared zeolite powder into thin zeolite layer (5 µm thick) coated on celgard separator (zeolite@celgard) with flexible and grid‐scale fabrication features. External pressure is applied to press zeolite@celgard to reduce existed interparticle gaps among zeolite particles. The separation function toward soluble species and attached H2O scavenger role of zeolite@celgard are demonstrated via 1H/19F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra, Inductive Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer and X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy results collected from Li/LiMn2O4 battery, time‐dependent in situ Raman tests in Li/S battery, and penetration experiments of redox mediator shuttle in Li/O2 battery. Replacing typically‐used celgard/glassfiber separators, a series of side reactions (active material outflowing, low coulombic efficiency, and anode corrosion) induced via shuttle of soluble species are addressed, resulting in battery performance improvement of Li/LiMn2O4, Li/S, and Li/O2 batteries. Both scientific hypothesis of utilizing pore‐size effect of zeolite for physically block soluble species, and cost‐effective, grid‐scale, and flexible zeolite‐based separators can be extended to other rechargeable battery systems based on flowing/soluble species.
Magnetic Large‐Mesoporous Nanoreactors Enable Enzymatically Regulated Background‐Free and Persistently Signalling Diseases Diagnosis
Authors: Li Juan , Huang Jinhua , Jiang Yongjian , Wu Limin , Deng Yonghui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDiverse diseases and increasing prevalence pose a serious threat to public health. Point‐of‐care testing (POCT) techniques have imposed superior requirements over sensitivity, selectivity, robustness, affordability, and high‐throughput. However, transient signal, complex sample pretreatment, and low signal‐to‐noise ratio make POCT severely limited in detection accuracy, efficiency, and sensitivity. Here, an enzyme‐assisted magnetic large‐mesoporous nanoreactor (FS) is constructed for achieving persistent‐chemiluminescence signal output and eliminating matrix interference in disease diagnosis. The core‐shell structured FS synthesized via an interface coassembly method exhibits uniform size, large and open mesopores (≈22 nm), and intrinsic magnetic separability. Such unique FS acts as efficient nanoreactor for confined cascade reactions enable efficient persistent‐chemiluminescence (pCL) signal transduction and high‐SNR chromogenic analysis of diverse biomarkers. The developed pCL assays facilitate high‐sensitive determination of chronic disease biomarkers glucose and uric acid with detection limits (DL) of 5.4 mg L−1 and 151.2 ng L−1, respectively. The proposed chromogenic immunoassay enables an ultrasensitive and visual determination of alpha‐fetoprotein with a DL of 1.2 ng L−1, which is superior to previously published immunoassays. The feasibility of the developed methods for real‐world applications are demonstrated in 159 clinical serum samples, and the determination results agree well with the clinical data. The proposed technique is expected to promote highly sensitive disease diagnosis in primary medical institutions and resource‐limited areas since not relying on expensive automatic sampling and testing instruments. The good flexibility of the customizable nanoreactor makes it a powerful tool for developing various POCT techniques for rapid, sensitive, and accurate diseases diagnosis.
Biofabrication of Modular Spheroids as Tumor‐Scale Microenvironments for Drug Screening
Authors: Mekhileri Naveen Vijayan , Major Gretel , Lim Khoon , Mutreja Isha , Chitcholtan Kenny , Phillips Elisabeth , Hooper Gary , Woodfield Tim 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo streamline the drug discovery pipeline, there is a pressing need for preclinical models which replicate the complexity and scale of native tumors. While there have been advancements in the formation of microscale tumor units, these models are cell‐line dependent, time‐consuming and have not improved clinical trial success rates. In this study, two methods for generating 3D tumor microenvironments are compared, rapidly fabricated hydrogel microspheres and traditional cell‐dense spheroids. These modules are then bioassembled into 3D printed thermoplastic scaffolds, using an automated biofabrication process, to form tumor‐scale models. Modules are formed with SKOV3 and HFF cells as monocultures and cocultures, and the fabrication efficiency, cell architecture, and drug response profiles are characterized, both as single modules and as multimodular constructs. Cell‐encapsulated Gel‐MA microspheres are fabricated with high‐reproducibility and dimensions necessary for automated tumor‐scale bioassembly regardless of cell type, however, only cocultured spheroids form compact modules suitable for bioassembly. Chemosensitivity assays demonstrate the reduced potency of doxorubicin in coculture bioassembled constructs and a ≈five‐fold increase in drug resistance of cocultured cells in 3D modules compared with 2D monolayers. This bioassembly system is efficient and tailorable so that a variety of relevant‐sized tumor constructs could be developed to study tumorigenesis and modernize drug discovery.
Reactive Oxygen Species‐Triggered Hydrogen Sulfide Release and Cancer‐Selective Antiproliferative Effect of Anethole Dithiolethione‐Containing Polymeric Micelles
Authors: van der Vlies André J. , Ghasemi Masoud , Adair Bernadette M. , Adair James H. , Gomez Enrique D. , Hasegawa Urara 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous signaling molecule in the human body and has attracted attention in cancer therapy due to its regulatory roles in cancer cell proliferation and migration. Accumulating evidence suggests that continuous delivery of H2S to cancer cells for extended periods of time suppresses cancer progression. However, one major challenge in therapeutic applications of H2S is its controlled delivery. To solve this problem, polymeric micelles are developed containing H2S donating‐anethole dithiolethione (ADT) groups, with H2S release profiles optimal for suppressing cancer cell proliferation. The micelles release H2S upon oxidation by reactive oxygens species (ROS) that are present inside the cells. The H2S release profiles can be controlled by changing the polymer design. Furthermore, the micelles that show a moderate H2S release rate exert the strongest anti‐proliferative effect in human colon cancer cells in in vitro assays as well as the chick chorioallantoic membrane cancer model, while the micelles do not affect proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. This study shows the importance of fine‐tuning H2S release profiles using a micelle approach for realizing the full therapeutic potential of H2S in cancer treatment.
Tunable Conductive Hydrogel Scaffolds for Neural Cell Differentiation
Authors: Tringides Christina M. , Boulingre Marjolaine , Khalil Andrew , Lungjangwa Tenzin , Jaenisch Rudolf , Mooney David J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMultielectrode arrays would benefit from intimate engagement with neural cells, but typical arrays do not present a physical environment that mimics that of neural tissues. It is hypothesized that a porous, conductive hydrogel scaffold with appropriate mechanical and conductive properties could support neural cells in 3D, while tunable electrical and mechanical properties could modulate the growth and differentiation of the cellular networks. By incorporating carbon nanomaterials into an alginate hydrogel matrix, and then freeze‐drying the formulations, scaffolds which mimic neural tissue properties are formed. Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) incorporated in the scaffolds form neurite networks which span the material in 3D and differentiate into astrocytes and myelinating oligodendrocytes. Viscoelastic and more conductive scaffolds produce more dense neurite networks, with an increased percentage of astrocytes and higher myelination. Application of exogenous electrical stimulation to the scaffolds increases the percentage of astrocytes and the supporting cells localize differently with the surrounding neurons. The tunable biomaterial scaffolds can support neural cocultures for over 12 weeks, and enable a physiologically mimicking in vitro platform to study the formation of neuronal networks. As these materials have sufficient electrical properties to be used as electrodes in implantable arrays, they may allow for the creation of biohybrid neural interfaces and living electrodes.
Correlation between Fibrin Fibrillation Kinetics and the Resulting Fibrin Network Microstructure
Authors: Pietsch Katja , Storm‐Johannsen Lisa , Schmidt‐Thomée Antonia , Pompe Tilo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFibrin, the prominent extracellular matrix in early wound tissue, is discussed to influence immune cells and healing. The nature of fibrinogen/fibrin to form fibrillary networks is frequently exploited to engineer microenvironments for cellular analysis. This study focuses on revealing the correlation of fibril formation kinetic and the resulting network microstructure of engineered 3D fibrin networks. Different concentrations of fibrinogen (1–3 mg mL−1), thrombin (0.01–0.15 U mL−1), sodium chloride (40–120 mm), and calcium chloride (1–10 mm) are applied to assess the impact on the fibril growth kinetics by turbidity analysis and on the resulting fibril and pore diameter by laser scanning microscopy. The results highlight a direct influence of the sodium chloride concentration on fibrillation kinetics and reveal a strong correlation between fibrillation kinetics and network microstructure. With the assumption of a first‐order growth kinetic, an increase of the growth constant k (0.015–0.04 min−1) is found to correlate to a decrease in fibril diameter (1–0.65 µm) and pore diameter (11–5 µm). The new findings enable an easy prediction of 3D fibrin network microstructure by the fibril formation kinetic and contribute to an improved engineering of defined scaffolds for tissue engineering and cell culture applications.
A Photoacoustic Contrast Nanoagent with a Distinct Spectral Signature for Ovarian Cancer Management
Authors: St Lorenz Anna , Moses Abraham S. , Mamnoon Babak , Demessie Ananiya A. , Park Youngrong , Singh Prem , Taratula Oleh , Taratula Olena R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPhotoacoustic imaging (PAI) has tremendous potential for improving ovarian cancer detection. However, the lack of effective exogenous contrast agents that can improve PAI diagnosis accuracy significantly limits this application. This study presents a novel contrast nanoagent with a specific spectral signature that can be easily distinguished from endogenous chromophores in cancer tissue, allowing for high‐contrast tumor visualization. Constructed as a 40 nm biocompatible polymeric nanoparticle loaded with two naphthalocyanine dyes, this agent is capable of efficient ovarian tumor accumulation after intravenous injection. The developed nanoagent displays a spectral signature with two well‐separated photoacoustic peaks of comparable PA intensities in the near‐infrared (NIR) region at 770 and 860 nm, which remain unaffected in cancer tissue following systemic delivery. In vivo experiments in mice with subcutaneous and intraperitoneal ovarian cancer xenografts validate that this specific spectral signature allows for accurate spectral unmixing of the nanoagent signal from endogenous contrast in cancer tissue, allowing for sensitive noninvasive cancer diagnosis. In addition, this nanoagent can selectively eradicate ovarian cancer tissue with a single dose of photothermal therapy by elevating the intratumoral temperature to ≈49 °C upon exposure to NIR light within the 700–900 nm range.
Closed‐Loop Recyclable High‐Performance Polyimine Aerogels Derived from Bio‐Based Resources
Authors: Wang Changlin , Eisenreich Fabian , Tomović Željko 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOrganic aerogels are an intriguing class of highly porous and ultralight materials which have found widespread applications in thermal insulation, energy storage, and chemical absorption. These fully cross‐linked polymeric networks, however, pose environmental concerns as they are typically made from fossil‐based feedstock and the recycling back to their original monomers is virtually impossible. In addition, organic aerogels suffer from low thermal stability and potential fire hazard. To overcome these obstacles and create next‐generation organic aerogels, a set of polyimine aerogels containing reversible chemical bonds which can selectively be cleaved on demand is prepared. As precursors, different primary amines and cyclophosphazene derivatives made from bio‐based reagents (vanillin and 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde) to elevate the thermal stability and reduce the environmental impact are used. The resulting polyimine aerogels exhibit low shrinkage, high porosity, large surface area, as well as pronounced thermal stability and flame resistance. More importantly, the aerogels show excellent recyclability under acidic conditions with high monomer recovery yields and purities. This approach allows for preparation of fresh aerogels from the retrieved building blocks, thus demonstrating efficient closed‐loop recycling. These high‐performance, recyclable, and bio‐based polyimine aerogels pave the way for advanced and sustainable superinsulating materials.
Bidirectional Water‐Stream Behavior on a Multifunctional Membrane for Simultaneous Energy Generation and Water Purification
Authors: Jang Ji‐Soo , Lim Yunsung , Shin Hamin , Kim Jihan , Yun Tae Gwang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHydroelectric nanogenerators have been previously proposed to recycle various water resources and polluted water. However, as conventional hydroelectric nanogenerators only utilize water resources, they cannot provide a fundamental solution for water recycling. In this study, a water purification membrane is proposed that can simultaneously generate electricity during the purification process (electricity generation and purification membrane (EPM)) for water recycling. As polluted water passes through the EPM, the water is purified in the perpendicular direction, while electricity is simultaneously produced in the horizontal direction by the movement of ions. Notably, the EPM exhibits high energy generation performance (maximum power 16.44 µW and energy 15.16 mJ) by the streaming effect of water‐streaming carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Moreover, by using a poly(acrylic acid)/carboxymethyl cellulose (PAA/CMC) binder to EPM, the energy‐generation performance and long‐term stability are substantially improved and outstanding mechanical stability is provided, regardless of the acidity of the water source (pH 1–10). More importantly, the EPM exhibits the water purification characteristics of >90% rejection of sub‐10 nm pollutants and potentiality of ångstrom level cation rejection, with simultaneous and continuous energy generation. Overall, this study proposes an efficient EPM model, which can be potentially used as a next‐generation renewable energy generation approach, thus laying the foundation for effective utilization of polluted water resources.
Current Understanding of the Wettability of MXenes
Authors: Yu LePing , Lu Lu , Zhou XiaoHong , Xu Lyu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSince the first report regarding the successful fabrication of few‐layer transition metal carbides (known as MXenes) of 2011, their intrinsic properties, such as mechanical strength and electrical conductivity, are intensively studied. Though the hydrophilic nature of MXenes is widely reported and utilized to fabricate various functional materials, there is a lack of systematic study with respect to the science behind the wetting phenomena of MXene‐based materials. The goal of this manuscript is to provide some useful guidelines in the design of novel MXene‐based systems with desirable wetting properties by analyzing the current understanding of the wettability of MXenes. Specifically, after the introduction of the fundamental concepts in wetting theory, the wettability of pure MXene films is summarized based on the recently published results from both theoretical and experimental studies. Then, the determining factors in the wetting properties of MXenes associated with surface architectures and chemical compositions are clarified, which is followed by the effect of hybridization strategies discussed in detail. In the end, a summary of the abundant applications relying on the wetting properties of MXene‐based systems is presented along with the current challenges and the corresponding future research directions in this field.
Resolving Oxidation States and X–site Composition of Sn Perovskites through Auger Parameter Analysis in XPS
Authors: Wieczorek Alexander , Lai Huagui , Pious Johnpaul , Fu Fan , Siol Sebastian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractReliable chemical state analysis of Sn semiconductors by XPS is hindered by the marginal observed binding energy shift in the Sn 3d region. For hybrid Sn‐based perovskites especially, errors associated with charge referencing can easily exceed chemistry‐related shifts. Studies based on the modified Auger parameter α ′ provide a suitable alternative and have been used previously to resolve different chemical states in Sn alloys and oxides. However, the meaningful interpretation of Auger parameter variations on Sn‐based perovskite semiconductors requires fundamental studies. In this work, a comprehensive Auger parameter study is performed through systematic compositional variations of Sn halide perovskites. It is found that in addition to the oxidation state, α ′ is highly sensitive to the composition of the halide site, inducing shifts of up to Δα ′ = 2 eV between ASnI3 and ASnBr3 type perovskites. The reported dependencies of α ′ on the Sn oxidation state, coordination and local chemistry provide a framework that enables reliable tracking of degradation as well as X‐site composition for Sn‐based perovskites and related compounds. The higher robustness and sensitivity of such studies not only enables more in‐depth surface analysis of Sn‐based perovskites than previously performed, but also increases reproducibility across laboratories.
Biomimetic Superhydrophobic Materials Construct from Binary Structure: A Review on Design, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Li Jiahao , Guo Zhiguang , Liu Weimin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, the development of biomimetic superhydrophobic surface structures has allowed several properties of superhydrophobic materials to be increasingly developed. This review addresses mainly three aspects. First, two kinds of structures with superhydrophobic properties: binary structures and unitary structures, are analyzed and compared. The binary structure, which includes micro‐ and nanostructures, is responsible for the development of superhydrophobicity in most natural creatures and artificial materials. And hierarchical binary structures, which combine micro‐ and nanoscale structures, actually perform better at superhydrophobic. Second, various properties of superhydrophobic materials achieved through binary structures, including self‐cleaning, antireflection, drag‐reduction, and mechanically robust and durable superhydrophobic surfaces are summarized. Each structure possesses both superiority and vulnerability. The combination of various structures can help develop adaptable and practical materials. Finally, the combinations of different properties in superhydrophobic via using a binary structure are enumerated. Materials with various properties can adapt to different working environments.