bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Greenhouse Gases (CH4 and CO2) in Meromictic Lake Burgsee, Germany
Authors: Fuchs Andrea , Casper Peter , Lewandowski Jörg 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExtraordinary amounts of greenhouse gases can be stored within the monimolimnion of meromictic lakes, that is, in the water body which is excluded from mixing events. Lake Burgsee (Thuringia, Germany) is a shallow (depth <5 m) lake with a approximately 24 m deep sinkhole, which is fed by underground brine sources and has formed such a monimolimnion. We investigated the carbon dioxide and methane dynamics in this meromictic lake, from production potentials in the sediment via concentrations in the monimolimnion and mixolimnion to emissions to the atmosphere. In the monimolimnion, we found one of the highest methane concentrations (up to >5 mmol L−1) ever reported for a natural freshwater lake, while carbon dioxide concentrations in the water and methane production rates in the sediments were rather ordinary and within the range of holomictic eutrophic lakes. At the thermocline, gas concentrations accumulated to approximately 100 μmol L−1 CH4 and 80–230 μmol L−1 CO2. Estimated fluxes to the atmosphere reached considerable 3.5 mmol CH4 m−2 d−1 and 1.5 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1 above the sinkhole and 0.8 mmol CH4 m−2 d−1 and 0.4 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1 above the near‐by shallow lake center in 2018. Our results demonstrate that lakes in natural brine areas may provide significant storages and releases of greenhouse gases and require further investigation.
Latitudinal Variance in the Drivers and Pacing of Warmth During Mid‐Pleistocene MIS 31 in the Antarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean
Authors: Warnock Jonathan P. , Reilly Brendan T. , Raymo Maureen E. , Weber Michael E. , Peck Victoria , Williams Trevor , Armbrecht Linda , Bailey Ian , Brachfeld Stefanie , Du Zhiheng , Fauth Gerson , García Marga M. , Glüder Anna , Guitard Michelle , Gutjahr Marcus , Hemming Sidney , Hernández‐Almeida Iván , Hoem Freida S. , Hwang Ji‐Hwan , Iizuka Mutsumi , Kato Yuji , Lee Bridget , Martos Yasmina M. , O’Connell Suzanne , Pérez Lara F. , Ronge Thomas A. , Seki Osamu , Tauxe Lisa , Tripathi Shubham , Zheng Xufeng , Stoner Joseph , Scherer Reed P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEarly Pleistocene Marine Isotope Stage (MIS)‐31 (1.081–1.062 Ma) is a unique interval of extreme global warming, including evidence of a West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) collapse. Here we present a new 1,000‐year resolution, spanning 1.110–1.030 Ma, diatom‐based reconstruction of primary productivity, relative sea surface temperature changes, sea‐ice proximity/open ocean conditions and diatom species absolute abundances during MIS‐31, from the Scotia Sea (59°S) using deep‐sea sediments collected during International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 382. The lower Jaramillo magnetic reversal (base of C1r.1n, 1.071 Ma) provides a robust and independent time‐stratigraphic marker to correlate records from other drill cores in the Antarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean (AZSO). An increase in open ocean species Fragilariopsis kerguelensis in early MIS‐31 at 53°S (Ocean Drilling Program Site 1,094) correlates with increased obliquity forcing, whereas at 59°S (IODP Site U1537; this study) three progressively increasing, successive peaks in the relative abundance of F. kerguelensis correlate with Southern Hemisphere‐phased precession pacing. These observations reveal a complex pattern of ocean temperature change and sustained sea surface temperature increase lasting longer than a precession cycle within the Atlantic sector of the AZSO. Timing of an inferred WAIS collapse is consistent with delayed warmth (possibly driven by sea‐ice dynamics) in the southern AZSO, supporting models that indicate WAIS sensitivity to local sub‐ice shelf melting. Anthropogenically enhanced impingement of relatively warm water beneath the ice shelves today highlights the importance of understanding dynamic responses of the WAIS during MIS‐31, a warmer than Holocene interglacial.
High‐Resolution Soil Moisture Data Reveal Complex Multi‐Scale Spatial Variability Across the United States
Authors: Vergopolan Noemi , Sheffield Justin , Chaney Nathaniel W. , Pan Ming , Beck Hylke E. , Ferguson Craig R. , Torres‐Rojas Laura , Eigenbrod Felix , Crow Wade , Wood Eric F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSoil moisture (SM) spatiotemporal variability critically influences water resources, agriculture, and climate. However, besides site‐specific studies, little is known about how SM varies locally (1–100‐m scale). Consequently, quantifying the SM variability and its impact on the Earth system remains a long‐standing challenge in hydrology. We reveal the striking variability of local‐scale SM across the United States using SMAP‐HydroBlocks — a novel satellite‐based surface SM data set at 30‐m resolution. Results show how the complex interplay of SM with landscape characteristics and hydroclimate is primarily driven by local variations in soil properties. This local‐scale complexity yields a remarkable and unique multi‐scale behavior at each location. However, very little of this complexity persists across spatial scales. Experiments reveal that on average 48% and up to 80% of the SM spatial information is lost at the 1‐km resolution, with complete loss expected at the scale of current state‐of‐the‐art SM monitoring and modeling systems (1–25 km resolution).
Decadal Variability of Southern Subtropical SST Wavenumber‐4 Pattern and Its Impact
Authors: Senapati Balaji , Dash Mihir K. , Behera Swadhin K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA decadal variability is revealed in sea surface temperature (SST) wavenumber‐4 (W4) pattern of southern subtropics (20°–55°S) using wavelet and empirical orthogonal function analysis. The decadal variability of the SST W4 pattern evolves from the decadal modulation of the South Pacific Meridional Mode (SPMM) as seen in SST footprints. The SST residuals of the SPMM create a favorable environment for the frequent occurrence of positive/negative type of the SST W4 pattern and is discussed. Since SST W4 pattern covers the globe, it potentially affects the decadal rainfall variability over Southern continents by modulating local atmospheric circulation. During positive phase, anomalous SST close to South America, Australia, and Southern Africa enforces the wind to go on/offshore and converges/diverges the moisture into/out of the landmass. As a result, specific humidity changes and alters the rainfall over Southern continents on a decadal scale. The scenario is opposite during the negative phase.
Machine‐Learning Estimation of Snow Depth in 2021 Texas Statewide Winter Storm Using SAR Imagery
Authors: Yu Xiao , Hu Xie , Wang Guoquan , Wang Kaicun , Chen Xuelong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe frequency of extreme climate events has escalated since 1980. In February 2021, an unprecedented winter storm dumped the snow record in Texas. It claimed hundreds of lives and evolved into a national major disaster. However, we still lack a systematic approach to quantify large‐scale snow depth. Here, we use the differential coherence from Sentinel‐1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery to characterize the surface disturbance due to this winter storm. We further rely on machine‐learning algorithms to quantify Texas statewide snow depth using surface disturbance map, SAR amplitude, precipitation, temperature, surface topography, land cover, and population. Our approach can provide an independent snow depth estimation. Approximately 89% of Texas accumulated over 30‐mm snow depth. The SAR and machine‐learning integrated methods can also be applied to quantify other forms of surface disturbance and to ultimately help natural hazard mitigation.
Atlantic Water Properties, Transport and Heat Loss From Mooring Observations North of Svalbard
Authors: Koenig Zoe , Kalhagen Kjersti , Kolås Eivind , Fer Ilker , Nilsen Frank , Cottier Finlo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Atlantic Water inflow to the Arctic Ocean is transformed and modified in the area north of Svalbard, which influences the Arctic Ocean heat and salt budget. Year‐round observations are relatively sparse in this region partially covered by sea ice. We took advantage of one‐year‐long records of ocean currents and hydrography from seven moorings north of Svalbard. The moorings are organized in two arrays separated by 94 km along the path of the Atlantic Water inflow to investigate the properties, transport and heat loss of the Atlantic Water in 2018/2019. The Atlantic Water volume transport varies from 0.5 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3s−1) in spring to 2 Sv in fall. The first mode of variation of the Atlantic Water inflow temperature is a warm/cold mode with a seasonal cycle. The second mode corresponds to a shorter time scale (6–7 days) variability in the onshore/offshore displacement of the temperature core linked to the mesoscale variability. Heat loss from the Atlantic Water in this region is estimated, for the first time using two mooring arrays and conserving the volume transport. The heat loss varies between 302 W m−2 in winter to 60 W m−2 in spring. The onshore moorings show a westward countercurrent driven by Ekman setup in spring, carrying transformed‐Atlantic Water. The offshore moorings show a bottom‐intensified current that covaries with the wind stress curl. These two mooring arrays allowed for a better comprehension of the structure and transformation of the slope currents north of Svalbard.
Causes of Variable Shortening and Tectonic Subsidence During Changes in Subduction: Insights From Flexural Thermokinematic Modeling of the Neogene Southern Central Andes (28–30°S)
Authors: Mackaman‐Lofland Chelsea , Horton Brian K. , Ketcham Richard A. , McQuarrie Nadine , Fosdick Julie C. , Fuentes Facundo , Constenius Kurt N. , Capaldi Tomas N. , Stockli Daniel F. , Alvarado Patricia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Andes of western Argentina record spatiotemporal variations in morphology, basin geometry, and structural style that correspond with changes in crustal inheritance and convergent margin dynamics. Above the modern Pampean flat‐slab subduction segment (27–33°S), retroarc shortening generated a fold‐thrust belt and intraforeland basement uplifts that converge north of ∼29°S, providing opportunities to explore the effects of varied deformation and subduction regimes on synorogenic sedimentation. We integrate new detrital zircon U‐Pb and apatite (U‐Th)/He analyses with sequentially restored, flexurally balanced cross sections and thermokinematic models at ∼28.5–30°S to link deformation with resulting uplift, erosion, and basin accumulation histories. Tectonic subsidence, topographic evolution, and thermochronometric cooling records point to (a) shortening and distal foreland basin accumulation at ∼18–16 Ma, (b) thrust belt migration, changes in sediment provenance, and enhanced flexural subsidence from ∼16 to 9 Ma, (c) intraforeland basement deformation, local flexure, and drainage reorganization at ∼12–7 Ma, and (d) out‐of‐sequence shortening and exhumation of foreland basin fill by ∼8–2 Ma. Thrust belt kinematics and the reactivation of basement heterogeneities strongly controlled tectonic load configurations and subsidence patterns. Geo/thermochronological data and model results resolve increased shortening and combined thrust belt and intraforeland basement loading in response to ridge collision and Neogene shallowing of the subducted oceanic slab. Finally, this study demonstrates the utility of integrated flexural thermokinematic and erosion modeling for evaluating the geometries, rates, and potential drivers of retroarc deformation and foreland basin evolution during changes in subduction.
Exosomes rewire the cartilage microenvironment in osteoarthritis: from intercellular communication to therapeutic strategies
Authors: Wu Yuangang , Li Jiao , Zeng Yi , Pu Wenchen , Mu Xiaoyu , Sun Kaibo , Peng Yong , Shen Bin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage loss and accounts for a major source of pain and disability worldwide. However, effective strategies for cartilage repair are lacking, and patients with advanced OA usually need joint replacement. Better comprehending OA pathogenesis may lead to transformative therapeutics. Recently studies have reported that exosomes act as a new means of cell-to-cell communication by delivering multiple bioactive molecules to create a particular microenvironment that tunes cartilage behavior. Specifically, exosome cargos, such as noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and proteins, play a crucial role in OA progression by regulating the proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammatory response of joint cells, rendering them promising candidates for OA monitoring and treatment. This review systematically summarizes the current insight regarding the biogenesis and function of exosomes and their potential as therapeutic tools targeting cell-to-cell communication in OA, suggesting new realms to improve OA management.
Pathophysiological evaluation of the LRRK2 G2385R risk variant for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Tezuka Toshiki , Taniguchi Daisuke , Sano Mariko , Shimada Tomoyo , Oji Yutaka , Tsunemi Taiji , Ikeda Aya , Li Yuanzhe , Yoshino Hiroyo , Ogata Jun , Shiba-Fukushima Kahori , Funayama Manabu , Nishioka Kenya , Imai Yuzuru , Hattori Nobutaka 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMissense variants in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) lead to familial and sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD). The pathological features of PD patients with LRRK2 variants differ. Here, we report an autopsy case harboring the LRRK2 G2385R, a risk variant for PD occurring mainly in Asian populations. The patient exhibited levodopa-responsive parkinsonism at the early stage and visual hallucinations at the advanced stage. The pathological study revealed diffuse Lewy bodies with neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid plaques, and mild signs of neuroinflammation. Biochemically, detergent-insoluble phospho-α-synuclein was accumulated in the frontal, temporal, entorhinal cortexes, and putamen, consistent with the pathological observations. Elevated phosphorylation of Rab10, a substrate of LRRK2, was also prominent in various brain regions. In conclusion, G2385R appears to increase LRRK2 kinase activity in the human brain, inducing a deleterious brain environment that causes Lewy body pathology.
Statistical framework to support the epidemiological interpretation of SARS-CoV-2 concentration in municipal wastewater
Authors: Dai Xiaotian , Champredon David , Fazil Aamir , Mangat Chand S. , Peterson Shelley W. , Mejia Edgard M. , Lu Xuewen , Chekouo Thierry 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe ribonucleic acid (RNA) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) is detectable in municipal wastewater as infected individuals can shed the virus in their feces. Viral concentration in wastewater can inform the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic but observations can be noisy and sparse and hence hamper the epidemiological interpretation. Motivated by a Canadian nationwide wastewater surveillance data set, unlike previous studies, we propose a novel Bayesian statistical framework based on the theories of functional data analysis to tackle the challenges embedded in the longitudinal wastewater monitoring data. By employing this framework to analyze the large-scale data set from the nationwide wastewater surveillance program covering 15 sampling sites across Canada, we successfully detect the true trends of viral concentration out of noisy and sparsely observed viral concentrations, and accurately forecast the future trajectory of viral concentrations in wastewater. Along with the excellent performance assessment using simulated data, this study shows that the proposed novel framework is a useful statistical tool and has a significant potential in supporting the epidemiological interpretation of noisy viral concentration measurements from wastewater samples in a real-life setting.
Simultaneous regression and classification for drug sensitivity prediction using an advanced random forest method
Authors: Lenhof Kerstin , Eckhart Lea , Gerstner Nico , Kehl Tim , Lenhof Hans-Peter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMachine learning methods trained on cancer cell line panels are intensively studied for the prediction of optimal anti-cancer therapies. While classification approaches distinguish effective from ineffective drugs, regression approaches aim to quantify the degree of drug effectiveness. However, the high specificity of most anti-cancer drugs induces a skewed distribution of drug response values in favor of the more drug-resistant cell lines, negatively affecting the classification performance (class imbalance) and regression performance (regression imbalance) for the sensitive cell lines. Here, we present a novel approach called SimultAneoUs Regression and classificatiON Random Forests (SAURON-RF) based on the idea of performing a joint regression and classification analysis. We demonstrate that SAURON-RF improves the classification and regression performance for the sensitive cell lines at the expense of a moderate loss for the resistant ones. Furthermore, our results show that simultaneous classification and regression can be superior to regression or classification alone.
Correlates of patient-reported cognitive performance with regard to disability
Authors: Van Laethem Delphine , De Cock Alexander , Van Schependom Jeroen , Benedict Ralph H. B. , Nagels Guy , D’hooghe Marie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe patient-reported form of the Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Questionnaire (MSNQ) assesses perceived problems attributable to cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. It is inconsistently related to objective cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis (MS), while strongly correlated with depression. We assessed whether the relationship between subjective and objective cognitive screening tools is moderated by disability. Furthermore, we investigated the MSNQ as a screening tool for both cognitive impairment and depression. 275 MS patients completed the patient-reported MSNQ, two‐question screening tool for depression and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and were divided into Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) subgroups: Low 0.0–3.0, Medium 3.5–6.0, High 6.5–9.0. MSNQ scores correlated significantly with depression but not SDMT in all subgroups. After correcting for age, sex, education, EDSS and depression, MSNQ significantly predicted SDMT in the total group, but not the subgroups. MSNQ significantly predicted a positive depression and/or cognitive impairment screen in the total group and all subgroups. The relationship between subjective and objective cognitive screening tools is not influenced by physical disability. MSNQ scores are substantially influenced by depression, and reflect cognitive function to some degree. Patient-reported cognitive measures can be useful to identify patients requiring further (neuro)psychological assessment.
Global Coherence and Cognition in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Rogalski Yvonne , Key-DeLyria Sarah E. , Hazamy Audrey , Altmann Lori J. P. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
This study compared global coherence (GC) in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) to a healthy older adult (HOA) group during single (sitting) and dual (stationary cycling) tasks. Additionally, it explored the relationship between GC and cognition in PD.

Method:
Thirty-seven individuals with PD and 19 HOAs participated in the prospective, cross-sectional study. Participants completed discourse monologues elicited using published prompts while seated and while pedaling a stationary bicycle. Four rating levels of GC were analyzed (GC1 = no relationship to the topic, GC2 = remote relationship, GC3 = conditional relationship, and GC4 = complete relationship) using a published protocol with good interrater reliability and test–retest stability. Participants completed a battery of cognitive tasks, from which four latent factors were extracted: processing speed, working memory, inhibition, and updating.

Results:
Linear mixed modeling identified significant effects of GC level and GC level interactions with group, processing speed, and inhibition. The Group × GC Level interaction reflected that the PD group had a higher proportion of GC2 and GC1 utterances and fewer GC4 utterances than the HOA group. No differences between single and dual task conditions were found. Faster speed of processing predicted more GC4 utterances, whereas slower speed of processing predicted more G1 utterances. Better inhibition predicted fewer GC2 utterances. Group also predicted GC4 and GC2 proportions.

Conclusions:
Individuals with PD experienced greater difficulties with GC than HOAs. Processing speed and inhibition contributed significantly to GC across groups. Analysis of GC should be considered an informative addition to assessment of communicative effectiveness in PD.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20416056
Interpreter ideology
Authors: Gao Fei , Munday Jeremy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study investigates empirically the way in which interpreter ideology is manifested in the evaluative language of the World Economic Forum’s Annual Meeting in China in 2016 (English–Chinese language pair). Methodologically, van Dijk’s Ideological Square and Martin and White’s Appraisal framework have been operationalised for the analysis of positive or negative evaluative language in ‘us’ vs ‘them’ discourses. The results reveal an overall positive-‘us’ and negative-‘them’ pattern in the interpreter’s ideological positioning. This is manifested in three ways: (i) negative, pejorative, and sensitive discourses about China are self-censored; (ii) positivity is accentuated and negativity is neutralised in China-related discourses, and (iii) negative tones in the discourses of other countries are amplified. The speaker discourse is ‘edited’ when interpreter ideology is at work during the simultaneous interpreting process. However, the linguistic patterns can provide only partial indications of the possible relationship between interpreter ideology and cognitive operations.
Multi-objective optimization model for determining palm sugar granules production in remanufacturing process using NSGA-II
Authors: Ummi N , Noor E , Romli M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Palm sugar products that are damaged or do not meet quality specifications due to sorting have to be immediately processed into other value-added derivative products in the form of palm sugar granules grade B. Determining the amount of palm sugar granules grade B to produce will affect the determination of the raw materials needed. It will also depend on the reliability of suppliers, resellers, and the industry to provide raw materials. This study aims to build a management model of palm sugar remanufacturing by considering the combination of three materials: rejected palm sugar, premium palm sugar, and cane sugar, which can provide optimal value in the remanufacturing process. There are three objectives to be achieved: maximizing total profit, minimizing quality improvement cost, and maximizing reliability. This numerical experiment used ten resellers, four advanced processing industries, three collection centers, three cane sugar suppliers, one SME, and one market. The multi-objective optimization model using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) II method produces the best solution. This model can assist decision-makers in designing an optimal remanufacturing process by combining the addition of materials.