bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specimen alignment with limited point-based homology: 3D morphometrics of disparate bivalve shells (Mollusca: Bivalvia)
Authors: Edie Stewart M. , Collins Katie S. , Jablonski David 
Published: June 2022

Background
Comparative morphology fundamentally relies on the orientation and alignment of specimens. In the era of geometric morphometrics, point-based homologies are commonly deployed to register specimens and their landmarks in a shared coordinate system. However, the number of point-based homologies commonly diminishes with increasing phylogenetic breadth. These situations invite alternative, often conflicting, approaches to alignment. The bivalve shell (Mollusca: Bivalvia) exemplifies a homologous structure with few universally homologous points—only one can be identified across the Class, the shell ‘beak’. Here, we develop an axis-based framework, grounded in the homology of shell features, to orient shells for landmark-based, comparative morphology.

Methods
Using 3D scans of species that span the disparity of shell morphology across the Class, multiple modes of scaling, translation, and rotation were applied to test for differences in shell shape. Point-based homologies were used to define body axes, which were then standardized to facilitate specimen alignment via rotation. Resulting alignments were compared using pairwise distances between specimen shapes as defined by surface semilandmarks.

Results
Analysis of 45 possible alignment schemes finds general conformity among the shape differences of ‘typical’ equilateral shells, but the shape differences among atypical shells can change considerably, particularly those with distinctive modes of growth. Each alignment corresponds to a hypothesis about the ecological, developmental, or evolutionary basis of morphological differences, but we suggest orientation via the hinge line for many analyses of shell shape across the Class, a formalization of the most common approach to morphometrics of shell form. This axis-based approach to aligning specimens facilitates the comparison of approximately continuous differences in shape among phylogenetically broad and morphologically disparate samples, not only within bivalves but across many other clades.
Persistent Microbial Contaminants in Hawked ‘OGI’ and Public Health Concerns in COVID-19 Era
Authors: Ajayi O. A. , Ogunleye O. M. 
Published: June 2022

Aim: The guarantee of quality and safety of foods and all the agents involved in the processes of the food chain in the covid times is of public health concern. This study aimed to evaluate the safety quality of street vended ‘Ogi’ from selected Street hawkers in Iwo, Nigeria in light of the present COVID-19 pandemic.
Study Design: The experimental design used is completely randomized.
Methodology: Vendors from five locations were randomly selected to procure samples. pH, total titratable acidity (TTA), microbial loads, identification of isolates, and storability studies were carried out using standard methods.
Results: pH ranged from (4.1 to 6.3); TTA (0.6 to 0.75 %) for raw ‘Ogi’ slurry. All the ‘Ogi’ samples were contaminated. Counts ranged from (2.6x107 to 1.3x108 CFU/g); (5.6x106 to 2.0x107 CFU/g); (5.2 to 7.2x107 CFU/g); (6.2x106 to 6.1x107 CFU/g); and (1.2x105 to 4.4x106 CFU/g) for total viable (TVC); Staphylococcal; Salmonella-Shigella; Lactobacillus and fungal respectively. pH of cooked ‘Ogi’ ranged from (4.2 to 6.1); TVC and Salmonella-Shigella count ranged from (2.3to 8.5x 106 CFU/g), (1.7 to 3.3x 106 CFU/g); (5.8x106 to 1.5x107 CFU/g), (3.1 to 7.9x106 CFU/g); and (6.6x106 to 1.6x107 CFU/g), (4.0x106 to 1.0x107 CFU/g) for days 1, 2 and 3 respectively.
Conclusion: Even after ‘Ogi’ is cooked, there is still a high probability of survival of some pathogens in this functional food, and consumption could result in gastro-intestinal disorder, thereby creating a food safety concern for consumers who may have other health challenges.
Hypercalcemia and Nephrocalcinosis in an Infant with Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis: A Rare but Potential Serious Clinical Condition
Authors: Nongrum Jennifer N. , Chandel Anuragsingh , Jategaonkar Smita , Jain Manish 
Published: June 2022

Background: Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SCFN) is a panniculitis characterized by the presence of violaceous subcutaneous nodules and indurated plaques on the back, buttocks, proximal extremities, or cheeks. It is a self-limiting benign condition sometimes associated with hypercalcemia that can lead to serious complications such as seizures, failure to thrive and renal failure. It usually develops in full term neonates who experienced some perinatal stress. The literature shows that hypercalcemia is found in nearly 51% of infants, with 95% of the infants developing it within 60 days of onset of skin lesions.
Clinical Description: In this case, we describe a full-term female infant presented to us with failure to thrive at 2 months of age with a postnatal history of meconium aspiration syndrome. On further evaluation, child was found to have hypercalcemia, anemia and bilateral nephrocalcinosis.
Management & Outcome: The clinical findings and lab investigations were consistent with subcutaneous fat necrosis with hypercalcemia as its main complication. Child was successfully treated with oral corticosteroids.
Conclusion: Being a rare clinical condition, it is important to consider it as a differential diagnosis in infants with significant perinatal stress and hence this case report.
A Versatile 980 nm Absorbing Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogen for NIR‐II Imaging‐Guided Synergistic Photo‐Immunotherapy Against Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Wang Miao , Yan Dingyuan , Wang Meng , Wu Qian , Song Ruixiang , Huang Yiming , Rao Jie , Wang Dong , Zhou Feifan , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo address urgent tasks in the treatment of advanced deep‐seated tumors, a 980 nm absorbing agent with aggregation‐induced emission tendency, namely TPE‐BT‐BBTD, which simultaneously possesses the longest absorption wavelength among all the reported AIE molecules is developed. The functionality of deep near‐infrared‐II fluorescence imaging (NIR‐II FLI) and outstanding photothermal performance is well‐tailored for advanced pancreatic cancer treatment. With the covalent attachment of the programmed death‐ligand 1 (αPD‐L1) antibody, αPD‐L1@TPE‐BT‐BBTD nanoparticles show precise tumor targeting and excellent immunosuppression reversal ability. Following local photothermal therapy, immunogenic tumor vaccination is induced to trigger the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in tumors. With the decreased FoxP3+ Treg cells and M2‐like macrophages that are reversed by αPD‐L1, CTLs activity is further enhanced with more production of granzyme B (GrB), which much accurately leads to tumor apoptosis and effectively suppressed spontaneous metastases. Overall, αPD‐L1@TPE‐BT‐BBTD nanoparticles based NIR‐II FLI‐mediated photo‐immunotherapy is able to significantly improve the control of primary tumor and metastasis in the treatment of advanced deep‐seated tumors.
Binary Organic Solar Cells Breaking 19% via Manipulating the Vertical Component Distribution
Authors: Wei Yanan , Chen Zhihao , Lu Guanyu , Yu Na , Li Congqi , Gao Jinhua , Gu Xiaobin , Hao Xiaotao , Lu Guanghao , Tang Zheng , Zhang Jianqi , Wei Zhixiang , Zhang Xin , Huang Hui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe variation of the vertical component distribution can significantly influence the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), mainly due to its impact on exciton dissociation and charge‐carrier transport and recombination. Herein, binary devices are fabricated via sequential deposition (SD) of D18 and L8‐BO materials in a two‐step process. Upon independently regulating the spin‐coating speeds of each layer deposition, the optimal SD device shows a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.05% for binary single‐junction OSCs, much higher than that of the corresponding blend casting (BC) device (18.14%). Impressively, this strategy presents excellent universality in boosting the photovoltaic performance of SD devices, exemplified by several nonfullerene acceptor systems. The mechanism studies reveal that the SD device with preferred vertical components distribution possesses high crystallinity, efficient exciton splitting, low energy loss, and balanced charge transport, resulting in all‐around enhancement of photovoltaic performances. This work provides a valuable approach for high‐efficiency OSCs, shedding light on understanding the relationship between photovoltaic performance and vertical component distribution.
Effect of Y3+ on the structural and photoluminescence properties of yttrium‐doped sodium borate glass
Authors: Ahmed Ehab M. , Mohamed Amaal , Youssif Mortady I. , El‐Ghamaz Nasser A. , El‐shabaan May M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGlass of the composition 70%B2O3‐(30‐x)%Na2O‐x%Y2O3 with x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 mol% was manufactured using the melt quenching method. X‐ray diffraction tests indicated the amorphous structure of the glass, with the presence of some YBO3 clusters in the high yttrium content samples. Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis proved the presence of different borate groups and linkages, in addition to nonsystematic changes in the ratio BO3/BO4 in the glass. The forming ability of the glass was found to be approximately stable for the low Y3+ content samples and increased for the heavily doped samples. The density of the samples was found to increase as the Y3+ concentration was increased, whereas the molar volume decreased. The bond strength of the examined glass suggested that a covalent nature was dominant between bonds. All the Y3+‐doped glass was found to emit greenish‐cyan light when excited at
. Photoluminescence intensity was shown to be enhanced by the generated YBO3 groups. The obtained correlated colour temperature values with 82.5% purity recommend the suitability of the glass for applications in outdoor illumination.
Effects of a reflective cultural audit intervention on multicultural and social justice counselling competencies of counselling students
Authors: Kim Nayoung , Oh Seungbin , Han Eunae 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEnhancing multicultural and social justice counselling competencies (MSJCC) has been important in the counselling field for a number of years. As such, counsellor educators are called to provide the relevant education for counselling students. To identify ways to increase counselling students' MSJCC, the researchers conducted an experimental study investigating the effects of reflective practice on MSJCC of counselling students. Participants were recruited from a large university in the U.S. and completed a survey at the beginning and the end of their practicum semester. They were divided into an experimental (n = 35) and control (n = 37) group. Students in the experimental group wrote reflective journals after working with clients from different backgrounds. Specifically, we used the intervention derived from cultural auditing where individuals answer questions based on the prompts that facilitated participants' reflection regarding their counselling sessions. In our study, we selectively provided participants with the prompts from the cultural auditing process. For instance, we asked what their initial reactions were to a specific client, what those reaction may indicate about their own beliefs, values and assumptions, what the client's rationale was for the problem and how it may fit with the ways that problems were conceptualised within their culture. Based on these prompts, counselling students in the experimental group wrote reflective journals. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was employed. Results showed that MSJCC was higher for those in the control group than those in the experimental group, F(286.573, 1) = 5.119, p = .027, p2 = 0.071. Implications for future research are discussed.
Evaluation of patients with erythema exudativum multiforme, Stevens‐Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis treated at our department during the previous 9‐year period
Authors: Kawasaki‐Nagano Midori , Tamagawa‐Mineoka Risa , Masuda Koji , Ueta Mayumi , Sotozono Chie , Katoh Norito 
Published: June 2022

AbstractErythema exudativum multiforme (EM), Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are acute inflammatory diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. EM with mucosal eruptions is sometimes difficult to differentiate from SJS or TEN. This study aimed to understand the characteristics of these diseases by evaluating the backgrounds, clinical symptoms, and disease courses of EM/SJS/TEN patients treated at our hospital. It shows that persistent fevers and erosion are common in SJS/TEN. Therefore, we must pay attention to whether they become more severe.
Health‐related quality of life outcomes after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer in NRG Oncology/NSABP R‐04
Authors: Ganz Patricia A. , Hays Ron D. , Spritzer Karen L. , Rogatko André , Ko Clifford Y. , Colangelo Linda H. , Arora Amit , Hopkins Judith O. , Evans Terry L. , Yothers Greg 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThere has been limited evaluation of health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in rectal cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. HRQOL outcomes in the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project R‐04 trial are examined in this article.MethodsBetween 2004 and 2010, R‐04 patients were invited to enroll in the HRQOL substudy, with questionnaires administered before randomization, after completion of chemoradiotherapy, and 1‐year after surgery. HRQOL measures included: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy for colorectal cancer (FACT‐C); Short Form‐36v.2 Vitality scale; a treatment‐specific symptom scale; and the FACT neurotoxicity scale. A 5‐year postsurgery assessment was added to the protocol in 2012. Mixed‐effects models examined neoadjuvant therapy treatment effects in the 1‐year sample and models that explored associations of host factors and treatment impact on 5‐year HRQOL.ResultsA total of 1373 patients completed baseline HRQOL and at least one additional assessment. The average age was 58 years (range, 23–85 years), male (68%), and 59% Stage II. There were no statistically significant differences in HRQOL outcomes by treatment arm, but HRQOL worsened from baseline to postneoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, with statistically significant effect sizes changes ranging from 0.6 (Vitality) to 0.9 (FACT‐C Trial Outcome Index). Neurotoxicity was greater in the oxaliplatin‐treated groups. Obese/overweight patients had statistically significantly worse FACT‐C Trial Outcome Index scores than did underweight/normal weight groups. At 5 years, younger patients and those with normal baseline weight had statistically significantly better physical function scores and older patients had better mental health outcomes.ConclusionsHRQOL did not differ across the four R‐04 treatment arms; however, host factors explained significant variation in posttreatment HRQOL. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00058474 (https://ClinicalTrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00058474).Lay summary

This article reports on the health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes of patients treated with four different chemotherapy regimens combined with radiation in rectal cancer patients before definitive surgical treatment.

There were no significant differences in HRQOL by treatment regimen, but all patients experienced decreased vitality (energy) and physical functioning. By 1 year after treatment, most patients had returned to pretreatment vitality and physical functioning, with the exception of increased neurotoxicity.

In a subsample of patients assessed at 5 years after surgery, physical function was better in those who at pretreatment were younger, normal weight, and had better performance status. Mental function was better in those who at pretreatment were older and had better performance status.
Broadband performance assessment of a microwave power transistor employing the real frequency technique
Authors: Kilinc Sedat , Ejaz Malik Ehsan , Yarman Binboga Siddik , Ozoguz Serdar , Srivastava Saket , Nurellari Edmond 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGeneration of proper source/load‐pull impedances for a selected active device is essential to design an RF power amplifier for optimum gain and power added efficiency. As they are obtained, these impedances may not be realizable network functions over the desired frequency band to yield the input and the output matching networks for the amplifier. Therefore, in this paper, first, we introduce a new method to test if a given impedance is realizable. Then, a novel “real frequency line‐segment technique” based numerical procedure is introduced to assess the gain‐bandwidth limitations of the given source and load impedances, which in turn results in the ultimate RF power‐intake and power‐delivery capacity of the amplifier. During the numerical performance assessments process, a robust tool called “virtual gain optimization” is presented. Finally, a new definition called “power performance product” is introduced to measure the quality of an active device. Examples are presented to test the realizability of the given source‐/load‐pull data and to assess the gain‐bandwidth limitations of the given source/load‐pull impedances for a 45 W‐GaN power transistor, namely, “Wolfspeed CG2H40045” over 0.8–3.8 GHz bandwidth.
PTEN is required for human Treg suppression of costimulation in vitro
Authors: Lam Avery J. , Haque Manjurul , Ward‐Hartstonge Kirsten A. , Uday Prakruti , Wardell Christine M. , Gillies Jana K. , Speck Madeleine , Mojibian Majid , Klein Geltink Ramon I. , Levings Megan K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRegulatory T‐cell (Treg) therapy is under clinical investigation for the treatment of transplant rejection, autoimmune disease, and graft‐versus‐host disease. With the advent of genome editing, attention has turned to reinforcing Treg function for therapeutic benefit. A hallmark of Tregs is dampened activation of PI3K‐AKT signaling, of which PTEN is a major negative regulator. Loss‐of‐function studies of PTEN, however, have not conclusively shown a requirement for PTEN in upholding Treg function and stability. Using CRISPR‐based genome editing in human Tregs, we show that PTEN ablation does not cause a global defect in Treg function and stability; rather, it selectively blocks their ability to suppress antigen‐presenting cells. PTEN‐KO Tregs exhibit elevated glycolytic activity, upregulate FOXP3, maintain a Treg phenotype, and have no discernible defects in lineage stability. Functionally, PTEN is dispensable for human Treg‐mediated inhibition of T‐cell activity in vitro and in vivo but is required for suppression of costimulatory molecule expression by antigen‐presenting cells. These data are the first to define a role for a signaling pathway in controlling a subset of human Treg activity. Moreover, they point to the functional necessity of PTEN‐regulated PI3K‐AKT activity for optimal human Treg function.
CeO2 quantum‐dots engineering 3D carbon architectures toward dendrite‐free Na anode and reversible Te cathode for high‐performance Na‐Te batteries
Authors: Liu Yangjie , Li Junwei , Hu Xiang , Yuan Jun , Zhong Guobao , Zhang Lu , Chen Junxiang , Zhan Hongbing , Wen Zhenhai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSodium‐tellurium (Na‐Te) battery, thanks to high theoretical capacity and abundant sodium source, has been envisaged as one promising battery technology, its practical application yet faces daunting challenges regarding how to mitigate the critical issues of uncontrollable dendrites growth at Na anode and polytellurides shuttling effect at Te cathode. We here report an elaborative design for fabrication of microsphere skeleton nanohybrids with three‐dimensional (3D) hierarchical porous carbon loading CeO2 quantum dots (CeO2‐QDs/HPC), which feature highly favorable properties of sodiophilic and catalysis for hosting sodium and tellurium, respectively. The systematic investigations coupling with first‐principle calculations demonstrate the CeO2‐QDs/HPC not only offers favorable structure and abundant electrocatalytic sites for facilitating interconversion between Te and NaxTe as a cathode host, but also can function as dendrite inhibitor anode host for reversible sodium electro‐plating/deposition. Such Na‐Te battery exhibits admiring electrochemical performance with an impressive specific capacity of 392 mAh g−1, a long cycling stability over 1000 cycles, as well as remarkably high energy density of 192 Wh kg−1 based on the total mass of anode and cathode. Such proof‐of‐concept bifunctional host design for active electrode materials can render a new insight and direction to the development of high‐performance Na‐Te batteries.image
Revolutionizing Japanese American Literature for Young Adults: A Review of WE HEREBY REFUSE: Japanese American Resistance to Wartime Incarceration
Authors: Endo Rachel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this review of WE HEREBY REFUSE: Japanese American Resistance to Wartime Incarceration, by Frank Abe and Tamiko Nimura, the author describes how this dynamic graphic novel provides multiple avenues for literacy educators to encourage young adults from diverse backgrounds to engage in their own forms of criticality (Mohammed, 2019) to analyze the causes and consequences of racial injustice over time. The descendants of incarcerated Japanese Americans, Abe and Nimura provide authentic reenactments of the World War II era through the narrative experiences of three Japanese American resisters, Hajime Jim Akutsu, Hiroshi Kashiwagi, and Mitsuye Endo. Sample pedagogical strategies connected to the text are offered for equity‐conscious literacy educators who seek to inspire their diverse learners to apply skills in criticality to directly challenge the status quo, and also, to comparatively situate how racialized violence against Asian Americans has evolved from the 1940s to the present.
Mesenchymal stem cells regulate M1 polarization of peritoneal macrophages through the CARD9‐NF‐κB signaling pathway in severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Wang Jing , Tian Jun , Wang Lin , Yang Zhi‐wen , Xu Ping 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundMacrophages release large numbers of proinflammatory cytokines that trigger inflammatory cascade reactions, which promote the rapid development of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) from local to systemic inflammation. The ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to suppress inflammation is related to inhibition of M1 polarization of macrophages. Our previous studies revealed that caspase recruitment domain protein 9 (CARD9) was involved in SAP inflammation and activation of the CARD9‐NF‐κB signaling pathway plays an important proinflammatory role in SAP. At present, there is no effective treatment to control the inflammatory response in SAP. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine whether MSCs regulate the polarization of macrophages through the CARD9‐NF‐κB signaling pathway in SAP.MethodsShort hairpin RNA interference technology and coculture in vitro were used to assess the activation status of the CARD9‐NF‐κB signal pathway in macrophages. Furthermore, flow cytometry was used to determine the polarization state of macrophages.ResultsThe results showed MSCs inhibited CARD9 expression in vivo and in vitro (P < .05), alleviated inflammation induced by proinflammatory cytokines, and inhibited the phosphorylation of NF‐κB in macrophages both in vivo and in vitro. Meanwhile, MSCs downregulated the CARD9‐NF‐κB signal pathway and inhibited M1 polarization of macrophages.ConclusionIn conclusion, MSCs regulate M1 polarization of peritoneal macrophages through the CARD9‐NF‐κB signaling pathway in SAP and transplantation of MSCs presents an effective treatment option for SAP.