bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Could H Index be a Beneficial Prospective Promotion Metric?
Authors: Green Clare , Polmear Michael , Parnes Nata , Dunn John , Scanaliato John 
Published: March 2022

Objectives
The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between Hirsch index and academic rank among shoulder and elbow surgeons affiliated with American Shoulder and Elbow Surgery (ASES) fellowship programs. Additional variables investigated included total number of publications and training program affiliation.

Design
Database review

Intervention
H-index, total number of publications, academic rank, and fellowship training pedigree for shoulder and elbow surgeons on faculty at ASES fellowship programs.

Main Outcome Measurement
Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Variance was assessed using Kruskall-Wallis test for non-parametric data that were not normally distributed due to skew and outliers. Post-hoc analysis on non-normally distributed data was performed using Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni correction. Median differences for non-normal data were determined by Hodges-Lehman estimation.

Results
There is a strong correlation between total number of publications and h-index. Overall, there is a strong association with number of publications, h-index and training program affiliation with higher academic rank, except at the chair/director position. Type of fellowship training was not a significant predictor of academic rank. A higher proportion of junior faculty were found to have faculty appointments with their home training program.

Conclusion
H-index and total number of publications are associated with a higher academic rank for full-time shoulder and elbow fellowship affiliated surgeons.
Using Lean Startup to Discover Customers in the mHealth Industry: Current Landscape and Challenges
Authors: B. Eppley Hannah , Zhou Waymond , Wilson Grant Alexander , Toscani Michael , York John M. 
Published: March 2022

As technology evolves rapidly, there is a need to integrate these advancements into healthcare.1 Mobile health (mHealth) allows digital health technology to be readily accessible to patients and healthcare providers through mobile applications (apps). mHealth, pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries share a patient-centric framework. However, the latter two business sectors have been historically slow to adopt digital innovations.1,2 The lean startup is a methodology aimed at helping companies traverse uncertainty through a series of hypotheses surrounding the customer. This approach can provide an avenue for the pharmaceutical industry to develop mHealth apps.
This article addresses the question of how pharmaceutical firms can enhance customer engagement with their mHealth apps. This discussion provides an overview of the mHealth market drivers and barriers. It proffers potential solutions for using the lean startup methodology to identify customer needs to enable organizations to develop apps more efficiently, identify optimal market segments and business models, improve their bottom line, and reduce unnecessary resource expenditures. It also posits the need for further research and pilot projects to evaluate lean startups in the mHealth industry.
Prolactinoma and Pregnancy: A Study Protocol
Authors: Bandeira Diego Barata , Santana Alves Letícia , Glezer Andrea , Boguszewski Cesar Luiz , Nunes-Nogueira Vania dos Santos 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Prolactinomas are the most common pituitary tumors, especially affecting women in their 3rd and 4th decades, being an important cause of irregular menses and infertility. Fertility can be restored, making pregnancy possible, in most of the cases, mainly microprolactinomas, with clinical treatment (dopamine agonist (DA)) and eventually neurosurgery. Although literature data point to safety in maternal and fetal outcomes, especially regarding symptomatic tumor growth and DA fetal exposure, there is no meta-analysis. Ideal length of DA treatment in macroprolactinomas, abortion rate and neuropsychological development are important gaps in the management of DA- induced pregnancies.
Objective: This systematic review aims to evaluate the association between pregnancy and prolactinoma with respect to the control of prolactinoma and fetal/maternal outcomes.
Methods: This review will be conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for systematic reviews of etiology and risk. We will focus on observational studies that included pregnant women with prolactinoma. The outcomes will be prolactinoma control, preterm birth, maternal adverse events related to the use of DA, worsening of preexisting diabetes or the development of gestational diabetes, spontaneous miscarriage, frequency of breastfeeding, perinatal mortality, low birth weight, small for gestational age, congenital malformations, tumor size, headache, visual impairment, apoplexy, neurosurgery, clinical/biochemical recurrence of prolactinomas/hyperprolactinemia after pregnancy. Embase, Medline, LILACS, and CENTRAL will be our source databases. Two reviewers independently will select the studies, extract data and critically appraise the eligible studies. We will use Stata Statistical Software 17 to plot similar outcomes in at least two studies in meta-analyses. For controlled studies, relative risks will be calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as an estimate of the exposure effect, and for continuous data we will calculate means and standard deviations, and the mean differences will be calculated with respective 95% CIs. For uncontrolled studies we will perform proportional meta-analyses. The protocol of this review was registered in the PROSPERO database (registration number: CRD42021283757).
Conclusions: The results of this review can help in the management of prolactinoma in women before, during and after pregnancy.
Clinical Profile of COVID-19 Infection and SARS-Cov-2 IgG Antibody Response in Children under 18 Years of Age in a Tertiary Care Centre in North Kerala
Authors: Anjali T. R. , Ashok Vidhu , Gopalan A. V. , Sasidharan K. 
Published: March 2022

Background: The Global Pandemic Coronavirus disease, was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan and in March 11, 2020, got declared as global pandemic by World Health Organisation (WHO) . The morbidity and mortality of the disease have been rising with second wave of pandemic hitting worldwide.
Objectives: To study the clinical profile of children under 18 years of age with COVID-19 infection and to study the IgG antibody response in covid infected children.
Materials and Methods: Children under 18 years of age except neonates who had COVID-19 infection and recovered from MMC Covid hospital were included for the study. After discharge blood samples were tested for COVID-19 IgG Antibody using SARS-CoV-2 IgG Reagent Kit 6R86 by Abbott Ireland diagnostics division. Data was entered into Microsoft excel sheet and statistical analysis done with SPSS VERSION 21.
Results: Children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were taken up for the study. Median age in this study was 10 years. All affected children got infection from their family members. Fever as the presenting symptom were found in 62% children. Ninteen children showed positive IgG antibody and 2 out of 21 children showed negative IgG antibody level . There is significant association between IgG titre and timing of antibody testing after infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus
Conclusion: Clinical profile and spectrum of COVID-19 infection were similar in all family members. Measures to prevent transmission of infection from family members to children will decrease infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in children. Antibody following infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus will last only for few months, making children susceptible to covid infection again. Vaccination among children is necessary to prevent rapid spread of covid infection.
Hepato-protective Effect and Lipid Profile of Honey on Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Alaebo Prince O. , Onyeabo Chimaraoke , Oriaku Chinwe E. , Njoku George C. , Iloanusi David U. , Ekwunoh Peter O. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The study investigated honey's hepatoprotective effect and lipid profile on alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
Methods: Thirty-six (36) male Wistar rats were assigned into six (6) groups with six (6) animals each, group 1 (Normal control), group 2 (Negative control), group 3 (Glibenclamide), group 4 (treated with 0.2mls of honey) group 5, (treated with 0.5mls of honey and group 6 (treated with 0.8mls of honey). The rats were fed with standard feed and drinking water ad libitum. The diabetic control, diabetic glibenclamide and the treated groups (0.2 mL/kg, 0.5 mL/kg and 0.8 mL/kg) were induced with diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/kg bodyweight alloxan monohydrate, and confirmation was done using a glucometer. Treatment lasted for three weeks (21 days), after which rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation under light ether anaesthesia. Blood was collected for biochemical evaluation using standard techniques (Randox kits). Blood glucose levels were monitored on days 0, 7, 14, and 21.
Results: Administration of honey to the diabetic rats significantly reduced (p < 0.05) glucose level (119.50 mg/dl), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (49.5 mg/dl) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), while significantly increasing (p < 0.05) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) when compared to the diabetic untreated rats. Liver enzyme parameters: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (T.Bil.) were found to be within the normal range.
Conclusions: Overall, the findings suggest that honey could ameliorate metabolic disorders caused by diabetes.
Assessment of Nutritive and Anti–Nutritive Values and Mineral Content of Vigna subterranean L Thouars (Bambara Nut) Seeds
Authors: Alinnor I. J. , Chijioke-Okere M. , Nwagbo N. C. 
Published: March 2022

Vigna subterranean L. thouars (Bambara nut) seeds were analyzed for their nutritive and anti – nutritive values. The result showed that Vigna subterranean L. thouars seeds have moisture content 7.54%, ash content 3.46%, crude fat content 4.79%, crude protein content 22.40%, crude fibre content 1.65%, carbohydrate content 60.16% and available energy 1580.75 KJ. The mineral content of analyzed samples showed that Vigna subterranean L. thouars seeds have 57.39% and 55.67% of potassium and calcium, respectively. The high Ca/P ratio indicates that Vigna subterranean L. thouars is a very good food source. This study showed that oxalate, nitrate and cyanide values were below WHO standard. The low content of anti –nutrients of Vigna subterranean L. thouars showed that Bambara nut will not constitute health hazard when taken as food.
Screening Asclepias syriaca for Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Abioye J. O. K. , Manaja E. , Olokun A. L. 
Published: March 2022

Antibiotic resistance, as well as the evolution and spread of new strains of disease causing agents are of great concern to the global health community. The high cost of antibiotics has made it inevitable to search for cheaper sources of antimicrobials. There has been considerable interest in the use of plant materials as an alternative method of controlling pathogenic microorganisms.
Asclepias syriaca is one of such plants that need to be investigated in view of its acclaimed medicinal uses. It has been reported to contain certain bioactive chemicals which could be antimicrobial in action. This work investigated Asclepias syriaca stem for antimicrobial activity. Cold water, Hot water and Methanolic extracts of Asclepias stem were prepared using standard methods. The extracts were used to carry out susceptibility test, determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the stem extract on Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The extracts were found to be effective on the three test organisms, with the methanolic extract being most active, followed by hot water extract, then cold water extract. Inhibitory zone diameter ranged between15 to 26mm for Methanolic extract, 14 to 23mm for Hot water extract, and 12 to 20mm for Cold water extract. The extracts were most active on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, then Salmonella typhi, and lastly Salmonella typhimurium. The MIC of the extract on Salmonella typhimirium was 200mg/mL for both the Cold and Hot water extracts, but 100 mg/mL for methanolic extract. The MIC of the extract on Salmonella typhi was 12.50mg/mL for Methalonic extract and for both Cold and Hot water extracts. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the MIC was 3.125mg/mL for all the extracts, i.e Cold and Hot water extracts, as well as Methanolic extract. MIC of the standard antibiotic was 3.125mg/mL.
The MBC result showed no inhibition by all the extracts on Salmonella typhimurium, even at 400 mg/mL. All the extracts had MBC at 400 mg/mL for Salmonella typhi. All the extracts had MBC at 200 mg/mL on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while MBC of the standard control on all test bacteria was 6.25 mg/mL. From our results, it is evident that Asclepias syriaca stem extracts possesses antimicrobial property which can be exploited to treat Salmonella typhi infection as used traditionally, as well as infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effects of Herbal Extracts Incorporated in Dentifrices among Adults: An In-vitro Study and a Double Blinded Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Kalra Dheeraj D. , Anjum Varisha , Alam Tausif , Islam Mojahid Ul , Ankat Saundarya , Malhotra Kusha 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: A positive correlation has been observed between Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans and periodontal diseases. Several substances including synthetic chemicals and natural agents have shown promising antimicrobial activity against the S. mutans- C. albicans complex. Extracts of Aloe Vera, Triphala, Tulsi, Pomegranate, and Acacia catechu have established therapeutic effects in medicine. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of five herbal extracts in-vitro and to compare the antibacterial effects of 5 dentifrices containing the herbal extracts and a commercially available dentifrice on the plaque sample counts of S. mutans and C. albicans in-vivo
Methodology: Extracts were obtained using a standardized method. Minimum inhibitory concentration was calculated for the test microorganisms using modified agar-well diffusion and macro broth dilution technique and the inhibition zone diameters were calculated. Dentifrices containing the extracts were formulated and the in vivo antimicrobial activity was evaluated by studying the CFU count from plaque samples of 420 participants.
Results: Highest antimicrobial activity against S Mutans and C albicans was shown by Acacia catechu and Tulsi respectively and least was by pomegranate. Mean reduction in microbial counts (CFU/ml) by inoculating nutrient broth from baseline to 60 days was highest in Acacia catechu and Triphala for S Mutans and C albicans respectively. All herbal extracts performed better than the commercially available toothpaste.
Conclusion: Dentifrices with herbal extracts of Aloe Vera, Triphala, Tulsi, Pomegranate, and Acacia catechu could serve as an alternative to commercially available dentifrices for treating oral diseases whose causative organisms are S. mutans and C. albicans.
Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of the Gallnut Water Extract against Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Yuan Chunying , Zhan Wenhao , Cui Qingman 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important pathogen causing pandemic diseases in marine animals and brings about severe economic losses in aquaculture worldwide. The emergence of multi-drug-resistant V. parahaemolyticus and the prohibition of antibiotics both require the development of new therapeutic agents with alternative action. In this study, the effect of gallnut Galla chinensis water extract (GWE) on V. parahaemolyticus growth and virulence was investigated to determine the potential for its use in disease prevention and treatment in aquaculture. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of GWE against V. parahaemolyticus were identified as 0.49 and 0.98 mg/mL, respectively. Membrane damage in V. parahaemolyticus was further verified through the increase of conductivity and leakage of nucleic acids and proteins. Moreover, GWE caused membrane invaginations and damage in V. parahaemolyticus as observed via scanning electron microscopy. After treatment with GWE, the biofilm formation and the activities of respiratory chain dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase of V. parahaemolyticus were all significantly inhibited. These findings suggest that GWE has the potential to be developed as a supplemental agent to mitigate the infections caused by V. parahaemolyticus in aquaculture.
Facial width‐to‐height ratio predicts fighting success: A direct replication and extension of Zilioli et al. (2014)
Authors: Caton Neil R. , Hannan John , Dixson Barnaby J. W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractZilioli et al. (2014) were the first to show an association between male facial width‐to‐height ratio (fWHR) and physical aggression and fighting ability in professional mixed‐martial‐arts fighters. Here, we re‐examined this relationship by replicating (using all original measures) and extending (using 23 new variables related to fighting performance) Zilioli et al. (2014) in a statistically well‐powered sample of 520 fighters using automatic and manual measures of the fWHR involving both eyelid and eyebrow landmarks, used interchangeably in previous reports (Studies 1–2). Most importantly, we successfully replicated Zilioli et al.'s (2014) central finding that fighters' fWHR, when manually calculated using the eyebrow landmark, predicted their fighting success (p = .004, controlling for body mass index and total fights). Consistent with past criticisms of using fight rather than fighter data to examine fighting success, which have argued that individual fights can be suddenly and unexpectedly determined and do not capture an individual's overall ability to succeed, Study 3 (N = 1367 fights) found no association between fWHR and singular victories. Studies 1–3 showed continual evidence that larger fWHRs were associated with grappling abilities, even after controlling for demographic and allometric factors. Strikingly, Study 3 discovered associations between all fWHR measures and grappling skill that remained robust before and after controlling for 17 different control variables. We discuss that grappling, or the act of taking down an opponent, involves a more aggressive, close‐combat approach than does striking. Combined, these results offer additional support for the argument that fWHR may have been shaped by sexual selection.
Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Coaxial Cables with Strong Interface for Damping Composites and Stretchable Conductors
Authors: Chang Shulong , Lou Huiqing , Meng Weixue , Li Meng , Guo Fengmei , Pang Rui , Xu Jie , Zhang Yingjiu , Shang Yuanyuan , Cao Anyuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCarbon nanotube (CNT) fibers have the potential to serve as continuous nano‐fillers for structural and functional composite materials, yet there exists the interfacial problem that has hindered the development of continuous fiber reinforced composites for a long time. Here, a method to overcome this challenge by coating a thick CNT sponge around a single‐walled nanotube (SWNT) fiber is presented, and then infiltrating polymers into the sponge to construct a SWNT@polymer coaxial cable. It has been found that the residual stress‐induced deposition of amorphous carbon as an intermediate layer between the underlying SWNT fiber and the subsequently coated multi‐walled nanotube (MWNT) sponge plays a key role in interfacial properties, and together with well‐dispersed CNT in the polymer matrix, a superior interfacial shear strength (>12 MPa), enhanced tensile strength and toughness is achieved. These coaxial cables demonstrate high mechanical damping ability and can serve as stretchable conductors maintaining high electrical conductivity during large‐strain cyclic deformation. These results indicate a promising route toward developing continuous CNT fiber‐based composites with wide applications as structural and multi‐functional composite materials.
Field‐Free Switching of Magnetization by Tilting the Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy of Gd/Co Multilayers
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Joong , Moon Kyoung‐Woong , Tran Bao Xuan , Yoon Seongsoo , Kim Changsoo , Yang Seungmo , Ha Jae‐Hyun , An Kyongmo , Ju Tae‐Seong , Hong Jung‐Il , Hwang Chanyong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEfficient current‐induced switching of perpendicular magnetization is an essential task in spintronics for realizing high‐performance information processing and for storage device application. However, the spin‐orbit torque (SOT) by injection of in‐plane polarized spins cannot deterministically switch the magnetization of ferromagnetic thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) without an additionally applied in‐plane external magnetic field to break the symmetry of the PMA. Considering the difficulties of applying the magnetic field to the localized area only within a device structure, it is essential to contrive a facile field‐free SOT switching mechanism. Here, deterministic field‐free SOT switching of perpendicular magnetization is achieved in amorphous and ferrimagnetic Gd/Co multilayers accompanied by a tilted magnetic anisotropy axis. This tilted anisotropy originates from the combined contributions of many internal anisotropies in different orientations from the multilayers and is shown to be controllable. It is expected that the introduction of controlled tilted anisotropy into Gd/Co multilayers over the entire film surface in the present study can be extended to the development of wafer‐scale technologies for the spintronics memory and logic devices.
Bioinspired Perspiration‐Wicking Electronic Skins for Comfortable and Reliable Multimodal Health Monitoring
Authors: Xu Yanting , Guo Wei , Zhou Shiqing , Yi Haokun , Yang Guoqing , Mei Shuxing , Zhu Kanhao , Wu Hao , Li Zhuo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractElectronic skins (e‐skins) have gained tremendous attention in health monitoring and disease diagnosis. However, the accumulated sweat at the skin/e‐skin interface would compromise the comfort, reliability, and fidelity for long‐term monitoring. Here, inspired by the active liquid transport phenomenon in nature, a biomimetic gold/thermoplastic polyurethane/cellulose membrane (Au/TPU/CM) based e‐skin is reported that can “pump” perspiration from the interface immediately through the combination of gradient porosity and surface energy gradient. The resulting electrode possesses good conductivity (2.68 Ω sq–1), excellent flexibility (the resistance only fluctuated 1.1% and 0.4% after 10 000 bending cycles and 2500 tensile cycles, respectively), and outstanding water vapor transmission and water evaporation rate (2.2 and 7.1 times as much as that of cotton fabric, respectively). The ultrafast perspiration‐wicking capability not only improves the wearing comfort but also minimizes the measurement error of skin hydration and temperature due to perspiration, eliminates the risk of short circuit in sensor array, and reduces the noise level, significantly enhancing the accuracy and reliability of multimodal sensing in e‐skins. The design strategy may encourage more material and structure development in e‐skins with improved sweat tolerance.