bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyberbullying on social media under the influence of COVID‐19
Authors: Kee Daisy Mui Hung , Al‐Anesi Maryam Ammar Lutf , Al‐Anesi Sarah Ammar Lutf 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe sudden emergence of the COVID‐19 pandemic has introduced new norms largely revolving around the use of social media, disrupting the mentality of Internet users, especially the youth, resulting in an increase in cyberbullying. The rise in the popularity of many apps that facilitate online interactions has increased the risk of cyberbullying incidents. Not only did the COVID‐19 pandemic transform social life, work, and education towards online modes of interaction, but it has also contributed to the ongoing digitization of bullying. As work moved to the home, so did bullying. This study aims to understand how the COVID‐19 pandemic, which affects social media usage, increases the incidence of cyberbullying. We tested our hypotheses using a sample of 200 Malaysian participants. The results showed that the relationship between the COVID‐19 pandemic's influence and cyberbullying was significant. However, we failed to find any statistical evidence that gender moderates this relationship. This study found an increase in cyberbullying incidents resulting from the increased use of social media due to the COVID‐19 pandemic's influence. Our findings contribute to the body of knowledge on the prevalence of cyberbullying in Malaysia, which may benefit future research.
Synthesis and Phase Behavior of (Semifluorinated Alkane)‐Based Side‐Chain Liquid Crystalline Copolymers
Authors: He Enjie , Tu Kai , Cheng Jiannan , Wang Yuxue , Lu Huanjun , Zhang Lifen , Cheng Zhenping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSide‐chain liquid crystalline polymer (SCLCP) usually contains a simple and flexible homopolymer as main chain, while its effect on the self‐assembly behavior is often ignored. In this work, in order to increase the structural complexity and investigate the interaction between the main chain and mesogens, perfluorinated segments are introduced into the main chain using a photoinduced Step Transfer‐Addition & Radical‐Termination polymerization method, producing a novel series of SCLCPs containing 4‐methoxyphenyl benzoate mesogens, soft hydrocarbon spacers, and a strictly alternating perfluoroalkyl and alkyl backbone. By adjusting the length of spacers or perfluoroalkyl segments, several mesophases with complex chain packing structures are achieved. This design strategy that constructing highly ordered liquid crystalline (LC) structures from SCLCPs with precise chemical structure provides a facile way toward novel LC nanomaterials.
Theory‐guided machine learning for optimal autoclave co‐curing of sandwich composite structures
Authors: Lavaggi Tania , Samizadeh Mina , Niknafs Kermani Navid , Khalili Mohammad Mahdi , Advani Suresh G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe bonding of a honeycomb core to the thermoset prepreg facesheets by co‐curing them allows one to manufacture composite sandwich structures in a single operation. However, the process is strongly dependent on the prescribed autoclave cure cycle. A previously developed physics‐based simulation can predict the bond quality as a function of the process parameters. The disadvantage of physics‐based simulations is the high computational effort needed to identify the optimal cure cycle to fabricate sandwich structures with desired bond‐line properties. Theory guided machine learning (TGML) methods have demonstrated their capabilities to reduce the computational effort for different applications. In this work, three TGML models are trained on a data set produced from physics‐based simulations to predict the co‐cure process of honeycomb sandwich structures. The accuracy of the TGML models were compared to select the best performing predictive tool. In addition to reduction of computational time by orders of magnitude, we demonstrate how the TGML tools can also quantify the contribution of each process parameter on the properties of the fabricated part. The most accurate model was implemented in an optimization routine to tune the input process parameters to obtain the desired properties such as the bond‐line porosity and facesheet consolidation level. This methodology could be extended to any process simulation of composites manufacturing processes.
Comparison of drug prescribing before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐national European study
Authors: Selke Krulichová Iva , Selke Gisbert W. , Bennie Marion , Hajiebrahimi Mohammadhossein , Nyberg Fredrik , Fürst Jurij , Garuolienė Kristina , Poluzzi Elisabetta , Slabý Juraj , Yahni Corinne Zara , Altini Mattia , Fantini Maria Pia , Kočí Václav , McTaggart Stuart , Pontes Caridad , Reno Chiara , Rosa Simona , Pedrola Marta Turu , Udovič Mitja , Wettermark Björn 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeThe COVID‐19 pandemic had an impact on health care, with disruption to routine clinical care. Our aim was to describe changes in prescription drugs dispensing in the primary and outpatient sectors during the first year of the pandemic across Europe.MethodsWe used routine administrative data on dispensed medicines in eight European countries (five whole countries, three represented by one region each) from January 2017 to March 2021 to compare the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic with the preceding 3 years.ResultsIn the 10 therapeutic subgroups with the highest dispensed volumes across all countries/regions the relative changes between the COVID‐19 period and the year before were mostly of a magnitude similar to changes between previous periods. However, for drugs for obstructive airway diseases the changes in the COVID‐19 period were stronger in several countries/regions. In all countries/regions a decrease in dispensed DDDs of antibiotics for systemic use (from −39.4% in Romagna to −14.2% in Scotland) and nasal preparations (from −34.4% in Lithuania to −5.7% in Sweden) was observed. We observed a stockpiling effect in the total market in March 2020 in six countries/regions. In Czechia the observed increase was not significant and in Slovenia volumes increased only after the end of the first lockdown. We found an increase in average therapeutic quantity per pack dispensed, which, however, exceeded 5% only in Slovenia, Germany, and Czechia.ConclusionsThe findings from this first European cross‐national comparison show a substantial decrease in dispensed volumes of antibiotics for systemic use in all countries/regions. The results also indicate that the provision of medicines for common chronic conditions was mostly resilient to challenges faced during the pandemic. However, there were notable differences between the countries/regions for some therapeutic areas.
First‐principles study of the adsorption of flavonoids on graphene oxide
Authors: Zhao Meilian , Zhang Yunju , Qin Wenli , Guo Jinlin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) has been successfully adopted to efficiently extract flavonoids from different kinds of substance. The interactions between GO and flavonoids including quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol are researched via first‐principles calculations with M06‐2X functional. Among the studied systems, the adsorption of quercetin on GO is the strongest. Interaction type analysis and charge density differences analysis both show that hydrogen bonds and π–π interaction mainly exist during the adsorption process. The number and position of hydroxyl group in flavonoids determine the adsorption ability. The higher the number of hydroxyl group in flavonoids, the better is the adsorption of the compound on GO. In addition, solvent effect is also calculated by polarized continuum model (PCM). The stability of the adsorption systems enhances in solvents. However, the higher the dielectric constant of the solvent, the lower is the stability and the weaker is the adsorption ability of the adsorption systems. The results are significant in developing new excellent sorbents for solid‐phase extraction of flavonoids.
A novel benzoxazine derived from diphenol amide for toughing commercial benzoxazine via copolymerization
Authors: Zheng Yanglei , Qian Zizhao , Sun Haoran , Jiang Junyi , Fu Feiya , Li Haidong , Liu Xiangdong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPolybenzoxazines have a variety of advantages over most polymers, but the brittle feature limits the range of their applications. The most effective way for benzoxazine toughing is to copolymerize them with a well‐designed benzoxazine monomer able to contribute self‐plasticizing action. Here, a new bio‐based benzoxazine was synthesized from diphenolic acid (DPA), the sustainable candidate of bisphenol A. By introducing three aliphatic chains into DPA, the special benzoxazine able to provide remarkable toughness effect is obtained. For the synthesis, DPA is amidated using lauryl amine to diphenolic lauramide (DLA) first, then convert to a benzoxazine (DLA‐la) by Mannich‐like reaction with lauryl amine and paraformaldehyde. A commercial benzoxazine, bis(4‐(2H‐benzo[e][1,3]oxazin‐3(4H)‐yl)phenyl)methane (PH‐ddm), is employed as the toughing object to test the possibility of using DLA‐la would offer a significant toughing effect. Experimental results show that DLA‐la/PH‐ddm blending would result in a perfect resin without phase separation, which exhibits an improved elongation at break higher by 70.5% than the bulk PH‐ddm resin, while keeps tensile strength at 44.69 MPa. As the proposed toughing principle could be applied to a variety of commercially available benzoxazines, this research broadly contributes toward the development of benzoxazine industries.
Patient participation in multidisciplinary tumor conferences in breast and gynecological cancer care: How patient‐centered is the communication?
Authors: Schellenberger Barbara , Heuser Christian , Diekmann Annika , Ansmann Lena , Krüger Emily , Schreiber Leonie , Geiser Franziska , Karger André , Schmidt‐Wolf Ingo G. H. , Milz Katrin , Peisker Uwe , Ernstmann Nicole 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivePatients' participation is part of patient‐centeredness, but it is so far unclear whether providers in multidisciplinary tumor conferences (MTCs) with patient participation communicate in a patient‐centered way. Our aim is to explore (a) to what extent providers ask questions to breast and gynecological cancer patients during case discussion in MTCs, (b) how providers respond to patients' expressions of emotions during case discussions, and (c) which patient‐ and context‐related characteristics and responses are associated with patients' trust in the treatment team after the case discussion.MethodsThis observational study included survey data and audio recordings of MTCs with patient participation at three breast and gynecological cancer centers. Providers' questions to patients and responses to patients' emotional expressions were coded using the Verona Coding Definitions of Emotional Sequences. The response can be explicitly or non‐explicitly related to the emotion and space‐reducing or space‐providing. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine associations between providers' responses, patient‐ and context‐related characteristics, and patients' trust in the treatment team after the case discussion.ResultsWe analyzed 82 case discussions (77 breast, 5 breast and gynecological cancer patients). Providers asked a total of 646 questions, of which 86% were polar (yes/no). Providers gave 303 responses to a total of 230 emotional expressions by patients. Non‐explicit responses were associated with more trust when they were space‐providing, but with less trust when space‐reducing.ConclusionsThe frequency of providers' closed questions and space‐reducing responses to emotions shows that patient‐centered communication rarely takes place in MTCs with patient participation.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Single Screw Extrusion Process for Thermoplastic PBX Based on PVT Properties
Authors: Bu Yufan , Chen Chunyan , Jiang Fan , Wang Xiaofeng , Che Defu , Nan Hai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMuch of surplus ammunition stockpile inevitably requires demilitarized processing technology in the explosives industry. For the safe waste treatment and recycle, the thermoplastic polymer bonded explosive (PBX) can effectively reduce the military cost and non‐conforming products. In addition, the thermoplastic PBX has excellent application prospect as the future explosive due to the good mechanical properties and insensitivity. However, for high solid content, most of thermoplastic PBXs still maintain a considerable viscosity even in high‐temperature melting state, rendering traditional casting process unsuitable. In this study, a measuring method was adopted to accurately obtain the correlation of Pressure‐Volume‐Temperature (PVT) for the simulative materials of thermoplastic PBX at first. The equations of state for PVT and viscosity model were then created, which are of great significance in single screw extrusion. An experiment system of single screw extrusion was designed to implement the molding process considering the poor liquidity problem of the thermoplastic materials. Excellent molding stability (ρ<0.5 % variation) was achieved for the extrusion system. Moreover, a numerical investigation was also performed. Good agreements were yielded by comparing the simulation data and experimental results. The effects of operational parameters, i. e., the entrance pressure, barrel temperature and rotation speed on molding process of the thermoplastic materials were investigated in detail. The wall shear stress decreases with the feed inlet well sealed whereas the maximum temperature rise increases a little due to limited thermal diffusion. Either increasing temperature or decreasing rotation speed is beneficial to overall process safety. However, production cycle and attainable molding density also need to be considered at the same time. Furthermore, the process parameters should be optimized on the basis of the PVT and viscosity properties of material in practice. The investigations above can be a better guidance for the development and implementation of thermoplastic PBXs molding process.
Distributed control reconfiguration of nonlinear interconnected systems in the presence of actuator faults
Authors: Kazemi Ali , Kharrati Hamed , Badamchizadeh Mohammad Ali , Ghiasi Amir Rikhtehgar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article proposes a new method of distributed fault‐tolerant control for a class of nonlinear interconnected systems with actuator faults. This method is based on fault‐hiding idea as a reconfiguration control scheme and tries to redesign the control signal according to the dynamics of the faulty subsystem. Based on fault‐hiding principle, after diagnosing actuator faults, control signals are modified by a predesigned dynamic block which is implemented in the closed‐loop control structure with the same nominal controller. Subsystems are considered as nonlinear Lipschitz systems which interact with each other through nonlinear interconnection dynamics. Because of interactions, occurring a fault in one subsystem causes instability in the overall large‐scale system. A distributed control scheme based on solving a new linear matrix inequality is presented to obtain the control inputs so that it can recover stability and performance of the overall system. Simulation results illustrate and verify the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.
Machine learning based iterative learning control for non‐repetitive time‐varying systems
Authors: Chen Yiyang , Jiang Wei , Charalambous Themistoklis 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe repetitive tracking task for time‐varying systems (TVSs) with non‐repetitive time‐varying parameters at each trial, which is also called non‐repetitive TVSs, is realized in this article using iterative learning control (ILC). A machine learning (ML) based nominal model update mechanism, which utilizes the linear regression technique to update the nominal model at each ILC trial using only the current trial information, is proposed for non‐repetitive TVSs in order to enhance the ILC performance. Given that the ML mechanism forces the model uncertainties to remain within the ILC robust tolerance, an ILC update law is proposed to deal with non‐repetitive TVSs. How to tune parameters inside ML and ILC algorithms to achieve the desired aggregate performance is also provided. The robustness and reliability of the proposed method are verified by real experiments. Real data comparison with current state‐of‐the‐art methods demonstrates its superior control performance in terms of controlling precision. This article broadens ILC applications from time‐invariant systems to non‐repetitive TVSs, adopts ML regression technique to estimate non‐repetitive time‐varying parameters between two ILC trials and proposes a detailed parameter tuning mechanism to achieve desired performance, which are the main contributions.
Event‐sourced, observable software architectures: An experience report
Authors: Alongi Francesco , Bersani Marcello M. , Ghielmetti Nicolò , Mirandola Raffaela , Tamburri Damian A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe speeding growth of the IT market and the spreading of disruptive technologies are leading towards more and more risky operations in need of constant upkeep, monitoring as well as proactive orchestration. On the one hand, the property allowing a system to be catered by automated monitoring and healing technology is defined as
observability
. On the other hand, appropriate design principles to manifest observability were originally referred as
event sourcing
by its inventor Martin Fowler and warrant for the aforementioned sustainable software operations. Both event sourcing and observability are complex to leverage on and design for. In an effort to understand more on both concepts, we offer an experience report on their practical use, featuring: (1) a rigorous definition of software architecture observability and a set of principles to design for observability using augmented forms of well‐known design patterns in line with event sourcing; and (2) an impact analysis in the context of a case study. Our study reveals several interesting notions around the concept of observability but our findings also make explicit new architecture trade‐offs that software architects and stakeholders need to consider as first‐class architecture‐level concerns.
Shedding light on the enigmatic extinct insect order Glosselytrodea: new diversity and key morphological insights into non‐tegmenized Permian forms
Authors: Pérez‐de la Fuente Ricardo , Nel André , Poschmann Markus J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGlosselytrodeans are enigmatic extinct (Permian–Jurassic) insects classified in their own order. The monophyly of Glosselytrodea is not universally accepted and its large‐scale relationships remain problematic, namely because its diversity is largely known from hardened (i.e. tegmenized/‘elytrized’) forewings of allegedly derived forms. Thus, new data on the group’s early diversity and/or complete specimens are critical. Herein we describe the oldest glosselytrodean known,Moscheloptera phantasmagen. et sp. nov. (Permoberothidae), based on a forewing from the Niedermoschel black shale (Germany; early Permian). The holotype ofPermoberotha villosaTillyard (Permoberothidae) (a forewing) and a previously described complete conspecific specimen, both from Elmo (USA; early Permian), are reassessed and photographically figured for the first time. A new, completeP. villosaspecimen from Elmo preserves body structures hitherto not reported among glosselytrodeans, including complex pretarsal claws and detailed male genitalia. The holotypes of two further species,Sylvaelytron latipennatumNovokshonov (herein transferred to Permoberothidae) andArchoglossopterum shoricumMartynova (Archoglossopteridae), are also reassessed and figured. An emended diagnosis and an updated catalogue of the Glosselytrodea are provided.GlossopterumSharov is returned to its own family: Glossopteridae Sharov. Our findings substantially expand the knowledge of the Permoberothidae, which is the earliest glosselytrodean lineage and lacks sclerotization‐related forewing specializations. Although the exact phylogenetic position of glosselytrodeans is still unresolved, the female and male terminalia described herein almost certainly support them as early holometabolan insects, possibly closer to the mecopterid rather than the neuropteroid lineage. Shedding light on Glosselytrodea improves our understanding of the early evolution of the Holometabola.
Biomaterial‐Based Therapeutic Approaches to Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Repair Through Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Das Piyali , Jana Sonali , Kumar Nandi Samit 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThere is an ever‐increasing clinical and socioeconomic burden associated with cartilage lesions & osteoarthritis (OA). Its progression, chondrocyte death & hypertrophy are all facilitated by inflamed synovium & joint environment. Due to their capacity to switch between pro‐ & anti‐inflammatory phenotypes, macrophages are increasingly being recognized as a key player in the healing process, which has been largely overlooked in the past. A biomaterial‘s inertness has traditionally been a goal while developing them in order to reduce the likelihood of adverse reactions from the host organism. A better knowledge of how macrophages respond to implanted materials has made it feasible to determine the biomaterial architectural parameters that control the host response & aid in effective tissue integration. Thus, this review summarizes novel therapeutic techniques for avoiding OA or increasing cartilage repair & regeneration that might be developed using new technologies tuning macrophages into desirable functional phenotypes.
The Representation of Race in English Language Learning Textbooks: Inclusivity and Equality in Images
Authors: Bowen Neil Evan Jon Anthony , Hopper Derek 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEnsuring adequate inclusivity in educational materials is a matter of ethics and fairness, as well as a means to maximize learning processes. Yet, over the last thirty years, research has continually shown that English language teaching/learning textbooks present material that favors the representation of Whites over other races. To investigate if this is still the case, we explore inclusivity of race with regard to 1648 image participants found in five popular textbooks. We investigate frequency of occurrence, physical presence (size on page), and projected social relationship between viewer and image participant, drawing on a social semiotic framework for the latter. Results show that the presence of race is (still) heavily skewed toward Whites, both in terms of overall numbers and spatial affordance. Results also show considerable variation across the textbooks quantitatively and qualitatively with regard to racial representation. Nevertheless, there is some regularity with regard to certain image types, which appear to reflect the books' pedagogical foci. Based on these findings and others, we argue for a change in thinking—from the ideal to the practical—and for textbook producers to finally stand up and make substantive changes to how they represent race in imagery, both quantitatively and qualitatively.