bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific test panels for patients with heart failure: implementation and use in the Spanish National Health System
Authors: Almenar Bonet Luis , Blasco Peiró Mᵃ Teresa , Laiz Marro Begoña , Camafort Babkowski Miguel , Buño Soto Antonio , Crespo-Leiro Maria Generosa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The use of specific test panels (STP) for heart failure (HF) could help improve the management of this condition. The purpose of this study is to gain an insight into the level of implementation of STPs in the management of HF in Spain and gather the opinions of experts, with a special focus on parameters related to iron metabolism.

Methods
The opinions of experts in HF were gathered in three stages STAGE 1 as follows: level of implementation of STPs (n=40). STAGE 2: advantages and disadvantages of STPs (n=12). STAGE 3: level of agreement with the composition of three specific STPs for HF: initial evaluation panel, monitoring panel, and de novo panel (n=16).

Results
In total, 62.5% of hospitals used STPs for the clinical management of HF, with no association found between the use of STPs and the level of health care (p=0.132) and location of the center (p=0.486) or the availability of a Heart Failure Unit in the center (p=0.737). According to experts, the use of STPs in clinical practice has more advantages than disadvantages (8 vs. 3), with a notable positive impact on diagnostics. Experts gave three motivations and found three limitations to the implementation of STPs. The composition of the three specific STPs for HF was viewed positively by experts.

Conclusions
Although the experts interviewed advocate the use of diagnostic and monitoring STPs for HF, efforts are still necessary to achieve the standardization and homogenization of test panels for HF in Spanish hospitals.
Turnier ohne Zuschauer
Authors: Achnitz Wolfgang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The ›Turnier von Nantes‹, attributed to Konrad von Würzburg, is considered a political poem. However, the specific historical occasion is controversial in research because of the ambiguous facts. This also applies to the dating. But the identified mixture of unspecific facts with fictitious elements can be described according to the rhetoric procedure of narratio verisimilis (verisimilitudo). The work of art therefore does not report an actual, but a fictitious event – and just like the tournament it expresses the common self-image of the medieval aristocratic society.
Design of a Robust sliding mode controller for bioreactor cultures in overflow metabolism via an interdisciplinary approach
Authors: Lopéz-Peréz Pablo Antonio , Rodriguez-Mata Abraham Efraim , Hernández-González Omar , Amabilis-Sosa Leonel E. , Baray-Arana Rogelio , Leon-Borges Jesus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMicroorganism culture is highly complex due to the different metabolic pathways, which are very complex. A metabolic phenomenon called overflow is a challenge to overcome in automatic control tasks of microorganism cultures. In this study, a nonlinear algorithm by sliding modes (sliding mode nonlinear control, SMNC) is proposed for the robust regulation of a fed-batch bioreactor in the presence of parametric and system perturbations. A control design is obtained using Lyapunov functions by techniques to propose a control law such that it is robust, only the output signals (biomass and volume) are used, and the reaction rates do not have to be wholly known. Therefore, a novel and simple controller capable of solving the above problems is obtained.
Kinetics and mechanistic reaction pathway of carbon steel dissolution in simulated CO2–H2S medium in the presence of formic acid
Authors: Talukdar Anusuya , Baranwal Prince Kumar , Rajaraman Prasanna Venkatesh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Anodic dissolution of carbon steel in solution mixtures of simulated CO2–H2S in the presence of formic acid (0–500 ppm) was investigated using electrochemical methods such as potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that the corrosion rate increases with an increase in the concentration of formic acid. Potentiodynamic polarization data revealed that the increase in cathodic current density plays a significant role in the increase of carbon steel corrosion rate. A combination of equivalent circuits was employed to model the impedance spectra of the carbon steel electrode acquired at open circuit potential and different overpotentials. The EIS data obtained at various overpotentials were further analyzed by reaction mechanism analysis (RMA) approach to interpret the dissolution mechanism. A multi-step reaction model including two dissolution paths and ferrous intermediate adsorbed species determined the dissolution behaviour of carbon steel. The best fit RMA kinetic parameters were retrieved using an optimization technique and the surface coverage of adsorbed species was estimated. Surface morphology of corroded steel surfaces was also examined with field emission scanning electron microscope demonstrating aggressive uniform corrosion of carbon steel in the presence of formic acid.
Solving transportation externalities, economic approaches, and their risks
Authors: Riha Zdenek , Dockalikova Iveta , Tichy Jan , Koštiaľ Daniel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The impact of human activity on the environment is an ongoing concern not only in the natural sciences but also in economics. Special attention is focused on the transport system, which is one of the largest producers of so-called externalities. However, its regulation may mean a serious disruption of global logistics links, which are crucial for maintaining international and national trade, gross domestic product formation and, therefore, to maintain the economic level to which mankind is accustomed to and which brings a quality of human life that is the highest in the human history. The article, therefore, examines possible economic approaches and theories to the problem of the relationship between human activity and the environment and the possible reduction of negative externalities. Typical approaches to dealing with externalities include the theories of the English economist Arthur Pigou, who proposed the application of various taxes and subsidies to limit the so-called social costs, whereas the extreme solution is the explicit prohibition of certain activities. In contrast to this approach is the theory known as the environmental Kuznets curve, which states the relationship between environmental damage and the economic performance of a given geographical area. It must be respected that the reduction of negative externalities, or their so-called internalisation, cannot be expected to be a trivial solution. The application of additional taxes or subsidies can lead to many unintended consequences, which may ultimately have a greater negative economic impact than the externalities themselves. Therefore, the conclusion of this article is devoted to a discussion of the potential risks of such regulatory interventions from the government position.
COVID-19 lockdown impact on CERN seismic station ambient noise levels
Authors: Ścisło Łukasz , Łacny Łukasz , Guinchard Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seismic measuring stations do not only record seismic waves. They also pick up tremors caused by other factors: these are known as seismic background noise. In normal conditions, this environmental background is steady over a long time. This article presents the influence of high reduction of human activity due to COVID-19 initial lockdown on ground vibration in the Large Hadron Collider tunnel at the European Organization for Nuclear Research.
Kinetics studies of hydrogen reduction of Cu2O
Authors: Tilliander Ulrika , Aune Ragnhild E. , Seetharaman Sesadri 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In present work, reduction kinetics of Cu2O by hydrogen gas was studied by thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). The TGA experiments were carried out both isothermally and non-isothermally on shallow powder beds. It was established that additions of Ni or NiO did not have any serious effect on the kinetics of reduction of Cu2O. The composition and microstructures of the reaction products were analyzed after each experiment by X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The activation energy for the reaction was evaluated from isothermal as well as non-isothermal reduction experiments and was found to be in good agreement. The impact of the stability of the oxide on the activation energy for hydrogen reduction is also discussed.
Phase separation in Si–(B)–C–N polymer-derived ceramics
Authors: Golczewski Jerzy A. , Aldinger Fritz 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Details of phase separation in the microstructure of amorphous Si – (B) –C–N ceramics derived from polymers have been resolved using the recent results of structural investigations. The formation of an amorphous phase built of atomic compounds SiC
i

/4N(4 – i)/3 and consequently located along the composition line between SiC and Si3N4 in the ternary Si–C–N phase diagram demonstrates a generic feature of phase separation in all these materials. The amorphous carbon phase separates as a counterpart in the micro-structure of Si –C–N ceramics, and in the case of Si –B– C–N ceramics such counterpart represents B–N–C domains of the composition (BN)
c
C
y
located along the tie line C–BN in the ternary B–C–N phase diagram. The effect of phase separation has been also pondered as a source of exceptional material properties.
Dislocation micromechanisms under single slip conditions
Authors: Veyssière Patrick , Chiu Yu-Lung , Niewczas Marek 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The microstructures formed in the early stage of deformation of Cu, Al, and TiAl in single slip and at low temperatures are analysed. While dislocations are highly mobile in Cu and Al, they are subject to a significant lattice friction in TiAl. Also, they are dissociated over a few nm in Cu, not in Al and TiAl. These various properties are manifested in the self-organization of dislocations in bundles. The role of nanometric prismatic loops in producing specific debris is emphasized in the context of the so-called collinear interaction. Possible artefacts arising from microstructural relaxation after unloading are discussed and limitations of weak-beam analyses assessed.
Texture evolution in equiaxed polycrystalline L10-ordered FePd during coarsening at 600 °C
Authors: Deshpande A. R. , Wiezorek J. M. K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The texture evolution in equiaxed polycrystalline L10-FePd during the coarsening regime of annealing at 600 °C after cold-rolling has been investigated, using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. A change in dominant texture was observed. Using the nomenclature established for texture description of face-centered cubic metals, the texture of the L10-FePd develops from a brass-type texture into a strong cube-type texture during coarsening. Also, a large density of special high-angle grain boundaries emerged during coarsening, which can be described as coherent Σ2-boundaries and are associated with (90 ± 5)°-rotations about a common cube-axis between the neighboring grains. The emergence of Σ2-boundaries may play an important role for previously reported abnormalities in the grain growth kinetics.
Site preference, thermodynamic, and magnetic properties of the ternary Laves phase Ti(Fe1 – x
Al
x
)2 with the crystal structure of the MgZn2-type
Authors: Yan Xinlin , Chen Xing-Qiu , Grytsiv A. , Witusiewicz V. T. , Rogl P. , Podloucky R. , Pomjakushin V. , Giester G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Site preference and thermodynamic properties of the ternary Laves phase Ti(Fe1 –x
Al
x
)2 with MgZn2-type have been studied employing Rietveld refinement of X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data, X-ray single crystal data, and isoperibolic drop calorimetry techniques. A detailed relation between lattice parameters of Ti(Fe1– x
Al
x
)2 and the Al content in the Laves phase has been presented. The Rietvelt refinement revealed that Ti atoms occupy the 4f site in the MgZn2-type, whilst Fe and Al atoms randomly share the 2a and 6 θ site. Heat of formation has been measured for Ti(Fe0.5Al0.5)2. For the ab initio density functional theory applications, a large number of structural models were investigated to calculate the concentration dependent (Al) heats of formation, magnetic structural stabilities, lattice parameters, and site occupancies, which are in good agreement with experiment.
Evolution of C-rich SiOC ceramics
Authors: Kleebe Hans-Joachim , Gregori Giuliano , Babonneau Florence , Blum Yigal D. , MacQueen D. Brent , Masse Sylvie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Carbon-rich Si –O–C polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) were investigated by various spectroscopic techniques, in order to characterize the evolution of their predominantly amorphous microstructure upon thermal treatment up to 1450 °C. Particular attention was addressed to modifications of the excess free carbon phase present in these materials. Surprisingly, the carbon clusters exhibited high stability above the pyrolysis temperature. Despite the high volume fraction of carbon, only a very limited carbothermal reduction process was detected. This study is divided into two parts: Part I deals with characterization tools that reveal a rather low lateral resolution and are hence termed here as integral spectroscopic techniques, i. e., solid-state NMR and Raman spectroscopy. In contrast, Part II illustrates the experimental results obtained from the very same materials characterized by spectroscopic and imaging techniques with high lateral resolution, i. e., electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and energy-filtered TEM. In addition to materials characterization, emphasize of both papers is also to compare the information gained by either integral or local spectroscopy techniques and to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of either approach.
Thermodynamic modelling of the Ce–Ni system
Authors: Pisch Alexander , Wang Jiasong , Jorda Jean-Louis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The phase equilibria in the Ni-rich part of the Ce–Ni binary system were re-determined using DTA, metallography and SEM/EDX. CeNi5+x
presents a Ni solubility up to x = 0.53 at 1073 K. The melting point of CeNi5 is 1608 ± 5 K and the CeNi5+x
–Ni eutectic has been observed at 1477 ± 5 K and x(Ni) = 0.91. The enthalpy of formation of stoichiometric CeNi5 has been measured by drop dissolution calorimetry in liquid aluminium and a value of Δf
H = – 29.1 ± 2.2 kJ/moles of atoms was derived. Based on this new experimental data and literature values, a complete thermodynamic modelling of the Ce–Ni diagram was performed.
Thermodynamic properties of liquid Cu–In–Zn alloys
Authors: Knott Sabine , Chen C.-J. , Gehringer Friedrich , Mikula Adolf 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The partial Gibbs energies of zinc in the liquid Cu– In–Zn system as a function of temperature and concentration were measured in the temperature range between the melting points of the alloys and 1073 K using an EMF method with a liquid electrolyte. The thermodynamic properties were determined for 30 alloys at three different constant ratios of Cu : In of 1 : 2, 1 : 1, and 2 : 1 with zinc added in the concentration range between 5 and 90 at.%. The integral Gibbs free energy and the integral enthalpy of mixing of the ternary system were calculated with the Gibbs Duhem equation.
Neutron diffraction analysis of martensite ageing in high-carbon FeCMnSi steel
Authors: Barbé Liesbeth , Samek Ludovic , Verbeken Kim , Conlon Kelly , De Cooman Bruno C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A high-carbon metastable austenite phase was quenched in liquid nitrogen to obtain fresh athermal martensite. Different ageing treatments were performed in order to study the transformation of the martensite phase and the formation of carbides. Neutron diffraction experiments give detailed information on the transformations during the annealing treatment itself. The tetragonal athermal martensite transformed immediately, i. e. during the heating to the ageing temperature, to cubic martensite. Ageing at 400 °C resulted in the decomposition of the austenite in ferrite and carbides and the formation of bainite. Those carbides could be determined as η-carbides transforming in χ-carbides after extended annealing times. As was expected, ageing at 170 °C resulted in the formation of a small amount of η carbides while the austenite phase remained stable.
In situ electrochemical nanoindentation of a nickel (111) single crystal: hydrogen effect on pop-in behaviour
Authors: Barnoush Afrooz , Vehoff Horst 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The hydrogen effect on dislocation nucleation in Ni single crystals with (111) surface orientation has been examined with the aid of a specifically designed nanoindentation setup for in situ electrochemical experiments. The effect of the electrochemical potential on the indent load – displacement curve, especially the unstable elastic-plastic transition (pop-in), was studied in detail. The experiments allowed the exclusion of the surface from hydrogen effects. The observations showed a pop-in load drop from an average value of 250 to 100 μN due to in situ hydrogen charging, which is reproducibly observed within sequential hydrogen charging and discharging. Clear evidence is provided that hydrogen atoms facilitate homogeneous dislocation nucleation.
Fracture behaviour of ultrafine-grained materials under static and cyclic loading
Authors: Hübner Peter , Kiessling Rene , Biermann Horst , Vinogradov Alexei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fracture-mechanics experiments were carried out on ultrafine-grained (UFG) samples of copper, titanium and an Al alloy to obtain the fracture behaviour under static and cyclic loading. The UFG-materials investigated show crack resistance behaviour under static loading, which was confirmed by ductile fracture surfaces. Under cyclic load the crack growth rate was described well by the ESACRACK model.
An overview of the National Biobank of the National Health Laboratory Service: a South African national treasure for biological resources
Authors: Thobela Mandile Samantha , Maseme Mantombi Rebecca , Duma Bonginkosi Mthandeni 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The National Biobank of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) is a national treasure established to serve as support infrastructure for the provision of high quality human biological materials for research purposes and it represents the first of its kind in South Africa. This article aims to demonstrate the alignment of the NHLS Biobank to international best practices and guidelines with reference to the 13 sections of the International Society of Biological and Environmental Repositories (ISBER) Best Practices for Repositories (4th ed.). The NHLS Biobank has implemented procedures and management strategies that are technical best practices covering the lifecycle of biobanking (collection, processing, storage and dissemination of human biological materials) while having respect for ethical and regulatory processes, upholding the interest of the donors. ISBER best practices are invaluable sources of guidance and benchmarking on the guiding principles has enabled the NHLS Biobank to develop into an entity with infrastructure and operational activities that support its short-term and long-term objectives that are set out in the business plan.
Socially distanced but virtually connected: pandemic fieldwork with Black Bostonians
Authors: Nesbitt Monica , Watts Akiah 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Eastern Massachusetts Life and Language project was in its planning stages when the COVID-19 pandemic began to make headway in the United States in 2020. We contribute to the conversation about conducting linguistic fieldwork during a major social upheaval by providing a description of our shift to virtual methodologies, which include utilizing Instagram for participant recruitment and Zoom for conducting sociolinguistic interviews. Virtual data collection remains underexplored, as there has never been a widespread need for such practices until the recent lockdowns resulting from the pandemic. Likewise, social media appears to be underutilized as a recruitment tool in linguistic fieldwork. Nevertheless, it is effective in producing a heterogeneous participant sample in a short amount of time. We are delighted to engage in discussions about the effects of virtual recruitment and data collection on linguistic fieldwork and the data itself. We offer a description of our pivots to virtual recruitment and interviewing and the racial justice initiatives that become achievable because of these changes. We hope this contribution is beneficial to researchers looking to incorporate virtual methodologies into their research program.
Influence of loading voltage, domain ratio, and additional load on the actuation of dielectric elastomer
Authors: Wang Hong , Yang Liang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dielectric elastomer (DE) is widely used in various fields because of its advantages of large deformation, lightweight, and good flexibility. In this article, based on our previous research work, the actuation performance of the cone dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) is studied first, and the influence of loading voltage, domain ratio, and additional load on the displacement and output force of DEA is analyzed and discussed. Then, a three-dimensional model of displacement and force of DEA is established. At last, the relationship between the structure and the performance of DE is discussed from the microscopic point of view. The results show that the output displacement and force of the cone DEA increase with the increase of loading voltage and additional load. The three-dimensional model graph of cone DEA can reflect the performance change of DEA well. The design with different domain ratios is the key factor that influences the final DEA actuator, which has a great influence on the cross-link density and chain length in the DE structure. By making clear the regulating function of external environment factors, we can design DEA with different configurations, which lays a good foundation for the further development of DEA and enlarges the potential application scope of DEA.
Engineered nanocomposites in asphalt binders
Authors: Cheraghian Goshtasp , Wistuba Michael P. , Kiani Sajad , Behnood Ali , Afrand Masoud , Barron Andrew R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recently, nanotechnology has been effectively used in the field of road pavement. Oxidation and aging of asphalt cause deterioration of road pavements and increase asphalt-related emissions. We propose an anti-aging strategy to interrupt the asphalt deterioration by using engineered clay/fumed silica nanocomposites. In this research, the morphological, chemical, thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of nano-modified asphalt binders are meticulously analyzed in various conditions. The experiment results proved that this composite efficiently disrupts the chemical oxidation and decomposition in the mixture and reduces the aging rate. Remarkably, asphalt binder rheology experiments revealed that the addition of 0.2–0.3 wt% of nano-reinforced materials maximized their rheological resistance after short- and long-term aging. Moreover, nanoparticles improve the moisture resistance efficiency and in turn overcome the critical issue of moisture in low production temperature within the framework of warm mix asphalt technology. This cost-effective, facile, and scalable approach in warm mix asphalt mixtures can contribute to increased sustainability and lifespan of pavements and a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.