bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Donations for Refugee Crises: In-kind vs. Cash Assistance
Authors: Kotsi Telesilla O. , Wu Owen Q. , Pedraza-Martinez Alfonso J. 
Published: February 2022

Problem definition: Six million refugees have been living in camps in 2021 due to multiple armed conflicts worldwide. Regulations often impede refugees’ integration into host countries; thus, refugees have to seek help from humanitarian organizations (HOs). HOs traditionally provide in-kind (e.g., food) assistance and now offer cash (monetary assistance) that refugees can spend at local retail stores. However, cash assistance can be exploited by local retailers’ market power, which challenges HOs’ mission of helping refugees while doing no harm to host communities. Practical relevance: Completely informed by field research in three refugee camps in northwestern Greece, we analyze the trade-off between in-kind and cash assistance from the perspective of an HO. We propose two cash assistance policies, implementable by a partnership between the HO and the local government, to curb the retailer’s market power and ensure that the refugees, the local residents, and the retailer are better off than if only in-kind assistance is provided. Methodology: We use field research to define our research setting and support our main modeling assumptions and parameters. Then, we use a game-theoretical model to analyze the interactions among multiple stakeholders in an ecosystem consisting of an HO, refugees, a monopolistic retailer, local residents, and a local government. Results: We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed cash assistance policies that benefit refugees and local residents while ensuring the retailer’s profitability. In particular, a price-dependent cash assistance (PDCA) policy aligns the incentives between the retailer and the HO-government partnership. This new policy for cash assistance acts as a lever for the retailer to voluntarily set desirable prices, which benefit both refugees and their host community. Managerial implications: We provide tools and implementable policies that guide HOs to improve their budget allocation between in-kind and cash assistance for refugees living in areas where local market power exists. Moreover, we clearly outline the roles of HOs and the local government in a partnership for cash assistance to refugees. History: This paper has been accepted for the Manufacturing & Service Operations Management Special Section on Responsible Research in Operations Management. Funding: T. O. Kotsi thanks the Onassis Foundation (Greece) for financial support. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.1073 .
Vector light field display based on an intertwined flat lens with large depth of focus
Authors: Zhou Fengbin , Zhou Feng , Chen Yang , Hua Jianyu , Qiao Wen , Chen Linsen 
Published: February 2022

The depth of focus (DOF) of a lens is a crucial parameter in glasses-free 3D displays that affects the viewing distance range. Here we proposed a vector light field display based on intertwined flat lens for extended viewing distance. The gray-scale diffractive lens (GDL) is designed and fabricated with extended DOF for red (658 nm), green (532 nm), and blue (450 nm) colors. By integrating the intertwined GDLs with a liquid crystal display, four views form a smooth horizontal parallax with a cross talk below 26% over a viewing distance from 24 to 90 cm. The enhancement of the DOF is

1.8

×

1

0

4

-fold. The light efficiency of the pixelated GDL reaches 82%. The proposed vector light field 3D display has the advantages of a thin form factor, high efficiency, high color fidelity, and large viewing distance. The potential applications include portable electronics, 3D TVs, and tabletop displays.
Prevalence of stunting and its associated factors among children 6–59 months of age in pastoralist community, Northeast Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Gebreayohanes Mulugeta , Dessie Awrajaw 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Globally, stunting is a significant public health concern and it is very critical in Ethiopia. This research aims to determine the prevalence of stunting and its correlates among children in the pastoral community.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Dubti District, Afar Region, North East Ethiopia from 2–31 January 2018. A total of 554 children were recruited using a multi-stage sampling technique and participated in this study. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors linked to stunting. The significance of the associations was determined at a p-value < 0.05 and the adjusted odds ratio at 95% CI was calculated to evaluate the strength of the associations.

Results
The prevalence of stunting was 39.5% (95% CI: 35.4–43.5%). The odds of stunting were increased, so does the age of the child increased as compared to 6–11 months of children. Initiating breastfeeding after 1 hour after birth (AOR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.22, 3.23), not exclusively breastfeeding for at least 6 months (AOR = 2.57; 95% CI: 1.49, 4.42), poor dietary diversity (AOR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.62), and using unprotected water for drinking (AOR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.21, 2.94) were significant factors.

Conclusion
Among children aged 6–59 months, the level of stunting in the pastoral community was significantly high. The study found that stunting was associated with multiple nutritional and non-nutritional factors. To tackle stunting, inter-sectoral cooperation is needed by enhancing the clean water supply of the community, optimal breastfeeding practice, food diversity, and economic status.
Zinc protoporphyrin levels in COVID-19 are indicative of iron deficiency and potential predictor of disease severity
Authors: Kilercik Meltem , Ucal Yasemin , Serdar Muhittin , Serteser Mustafa , Ozpinar Aysel , Schweigert Florian J. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) has a severe impact on all aspects of patient care. Among the numerous biomarkers of potential validity for diagnostic and clinical management of COVID-19 are biomarkers at the interface of iron metabolism and inflammation.MethodsThe follow-up study included 54 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 with a moderate and severe/critical form of the disease. Iron deficiency specific biomarkers such as iron, ferritin, transferrin receptor, hepcidin, and zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) as well as relevant markers of inflammation were evaluated twice: in the first five days when the patient was admitted to the hospital and during five to 15 days; and their validity to diagnose iron deficiency was further assessed. The regression and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analyses were performed to evaluate the prognosis and determine the probability for predicting the severity of the disease in the first five days of COVID-19.ResultsBased on hemoglobin values, anemia was observed in 21 of 54 patients. Of all iron deficiency anemia-related markers, only ZnPP was significantly elevated (P<0.001) in the anemic group. When patients were grouped according to the severity of disease, slight differences in hemoglobin or other anemia-related parameters could be observed. However, the levels of ZnPP were significantly increased in the severely ill group of patients. The ratio of ZnPP to lymphocyte count (ZnPP/L) had a discrimination power stronger than the neutrophil to lymphocyte count ratio (N/L) to determine disease severity. Additionally, only two markers were independently associated with the severity of COVID-19 in logistic regression analysis; D-dimer (OR (5.606)(95% CI 1.019–30.867)) and ZnPP/L ratio (OR (74.313) (95% CI 1.081–5108.103)).ConclusionsFor the first time ZnPP in COVID-19 patients were reported in this study. Among all iron-related markers tested, ZnPP was the only one that was associated with anemia as based on hemoglobin. The increase in ZnPP might indicate that the underlying cause of anemia in COVID-19 patients is not only due to the inflammation but also of nutritional origin. Additionally, the ZnPP/L ratio might be a valid prognostic marker for the severity of COVID-19.
Magnetic resonance angiography derived predictors of progressive dilatation and surgery of the aortic root in Marfan syndrome
Authors: Weinrich Julius Matthias , Lenz Alexander , Schön Gerhard , Behzadi Cyrus , Molwitz Isabel , Henes Frank Oliver , Schoennagel Bjoern Philip , Adam Gerhard , von Kodolitsch Yskert , Bannas Peter 
Published: February 2022

Background
To identify magnetic resonance (MR) angiography derived predictors of progressive dilatation and surgery of the aortic root in Marfan syndrome.

Material and methods
We retrospectively included 111 patients (32.7±16.5 years, range: 7–75 years) with a total of 446 MR angiographies. Aortic diameter growth rates of the entire thoracic aorta and Z-scores were estimated from annual diameter measurements. Aortic root shape was subdivided into three different types: (T0) normal; (T1) localized dilatation; (T2) generalized aortic root dilatation. Aortic diameter, Z-score, age, and aortic root shape at baseline were tested as predictors of aortic root dilatation using a multivariate logistic regression model.

Results
The highest aortic growth rate was observed at the level of the sinuses of Valsalva. Higher aortic root diameters and Z-scores at baseline predicted an increased growth of the aortic root (p = 0.003 and p<0.001). Young age (<30 years) was a predictor for the increase of Z-scores when compared to patients ≥30 years (p = 0.019). 25/111 patients (22.5%) had a T0 aortic root shape, 59/111 patients (53.2%) had a T1 aortic root shape, and 27/111 patients (24.3%) had a T2 aortic root shape. Aortic root shape did not predict further aortic growth (p>0.05). However, significantly more patients undergoing surgery had a generalized aortic dilatation (19/28, 76.9%) than a localized aortic root dilatation (9/28, 32.1%) (p = 0.001).

Conclusion
Larger baseline aortic root diameter and Z-score as well as young age predict solely progressive aortic root dilatation in Marfan patients. MR angiography derived type of aortic root shape does not predict aortic growth, but patients with generalized aortic root dilatation are referred more frequently for aortic surgery.
Quantifying volume and high-speed technical actions of professional soccer players using foot-mounted inertial measurement units
Authors: Lewis Glyn , Towlson Christopher , Roversi Pietro , Domogalla Chris , Herrington Lee , Barrett Steve 
Published: February 2022

Aims
The aims of the study were two-fold: i) examine the validity and reliability of high-speed kicking actions using foot-mounted inertial measurement unit’s (IMU), ii) quantify soccer players within-microcycle and inter-positional differences in both the frequency and speed of technical actions.

Methods
During the in-season phase (25 weeks) of the UK domestic season, 21 professional soccer player ball releases, high-speed ball releases and ball release index were analysed. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and confidence intervals were used to determine the validity between the systems, whilst a general linear mixed model analysis approach was used to establish estimated marginal mean values for total ball releases, high-speed ball releases and ball release index.

Results
Good concurrent validity was observed for ball release velocity and high-speed kicks against a high-speed camera (r2- 0.96, CI 0.93–0.98). Ball releases, high-speed ball releases and ball release index all showed main effects for fixture proximity (p>0.001), playing positions (p>0.001) and across different training categories (p>0.001). The greatest high-speed ball releases were observed on a match-day (MD)+1 (17.6 ± 11.9; CI- 16.2 to 19) and MD-2 (16.8 ± 15; CI- 14.9 to 18.7), with MD+1 exhibiting the highest number of ball releases (161.1 ± 51.2; CI- 155.0 to 167.2) and ball release index (145.5 ± 45.2; CI- 140.1 to 150.9) across all fixture proximities. Possessions (0.3 ± 0.9; CI- 0.3 to 0.4) and small-sided games (1.4 ± 1.6; CI- 1.4 to 1.5), had the lowest values for high-speed ball releases with technical (6.1 ± 7.2; CI- 5.7 to 6.6) and tactical (10.0 ± 10.5; CI- 6.9 to 13.1) drills showing the largest high-speed ball releases.

Conclusions
The present study provides novel information regarding the quantification of technical actions of professional soccer players. Insights into absolute and relative frequency and intensity of releases in different drill types, provide practitioners with valuable information on technical outputs that can be manipulated during the process of planning training programmes to produce desired outcomes. Both volume and speed of ball release actions should be measured, when monitoring the technical actions in training according to fixture proximity, drill type and player position to permit enhanced training prescription.
Frequency of hyperglycemia and polymorphism of TNF and TP53 genes in patients with acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer
Authors: Grigor’eva I. N. , Efimova O. V. , Gurazheva A. A. , Maksimov V. N. 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: «The vicious circle» of associations of diabetes mellitus (DM) with pancreatic pathology, when pancreatic diseases can initiate DM, and type 2 DM — cause functional and organic pancreatic pathology, determines the search for possible associations. Some studies have established a relationship between TNF or TP53 polymorphisms with DM or with pancreatic diseases.AIMS: to determine and compare fasting plasma glucose and the frequency of hyperglycemia in patients with acute pancreatitis (APp), chronic pancreatitis (CPp), pancreatic cancer (PCp) depending on gender, etiology or stage of the disease, polymorphism -308G/A TNF gene in all patients, and polymorphism 72Arg/Pro gene TP53 in PCp..MATERIALS AND METHODS: At the observational multicenter clinical cross-sectional uncontrolled case-study 44 APp, 97 CPp and 45 PCp were examined; the groups were comparable by sex/age. Informed consent form for participate in the study was obtained from all patients. The main outcome of the study: frequency of hyperglycemia in APp, CPp, PCp, considering the polymorphism TNF and TP53 genes. RESULTS: The lowest age-standardized fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was found in CPp (6,2±0,2 mmol/l) than in APp (6,7±0,2 mmol/l, p=0,041). In PCp (6,6±0,2 mmol/l), the average levels of FPG did not differ substantially when compared with APp (p=0,749) or CPp (p=0,092). In APp, the norm of GP was detected less frequently (31,8%) than in CPp (54,6%, χ2 =6,3, p=0,012), and the frequency of the norm of GP in PCp (48,9%) did not differ with that in APp or CPp. The frequency of FPG≥6,1<7,0 mmol/l did not differ in APp (20,5%), CPp (9,3%) or PCp (17,8%). The frequency of FGP≥7.0 mmol/l did not differ in APp CPp and PCp: 47,7, 36,1, 33,3%. Logistic regression analysis revealed a tendency for an increased chance of having stage 3–4 PC with FPG≥7,0 mmol/l (Exp (B)=3,205 95%CI 0,866–11,855, p=0,081) in PCp, but not in patients with pancreatic necrosis or “definite» СP.The frequencies of G/G (71,4, 74,7, 76,2%), G/A (26,2, 24,1, 23,8%) of TNF genotypes did not differ in APp, CPp or PCp, p>0,05. In PCp genotypes Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro, Pro/Pro polymorphism gene 72Arg/Pro TP53 in 2,4, 35,7, 61,9% of cases. No associations of GP≥7,0 mmol/l with TNF polymorphism in APp, CPp, PCp and with TP53 polymorphism in PCp were obtained.CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of FGP≥7,0 mmol/l did not differ for various pancreatic disease and was not associated with the risk of pancreatic necrosis and “defined” CP. The -308G/A polymorphism TNF gene did not differ in APp, CPp or PCp and was not associated with impaired carbohydrate metabolism. The 72Arg/Pro polymorphism TP53 gene in PCp was not associated with impaired carbohydrate metabolism.
Plantar pressure distribution profile of type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic foot syndrome: A hospital-based observational study
Authors: Korada H. Ya. , Arora E. , Rao Sh. K. , Hande M. , Shetty S. , Maiya A. G. 
Published: February 2022

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of diabetic foot syndrome is increasing in the Indian population. It is a triad of neurological, vascular, and biomechanical changes due to long term diabetes mellitus (DM). Altered plantar pressure distribution is a risk factor for developing diabetic foot ulcers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the altered plantar pressure distribution in diabetic peripheral neuropathy individuals with peripheral vascular disease in comparison with diabetic peripheral neuropathy and non-diabetic neuropathy. Therefore, the objective of the study is to evaluate the plantar pressure distribution and parameters in type 2 DM (T2DM) with diabetic foot syndrome.METHODS: In this study, 60 participants with T2DM were recruited in either one of the three groups: 20 Diabetic non-neuropathy (DNN), 20 Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and 20 Diabetic peripheral neuropathy with the peripheral arterial disease (DNPAD). Then we compared the plantar pressure parameters like maximum plantar pressure, pressure-time integral, fore foot-hind foot ratio, and total contact area were measured using a WinTrack plantar pressure system.RESULTS: The diabetic peripheral neuropathy with peripheral vascular disease group shown a significant difference in all the plantar pressure parameters measured in comparison with the diabetic peripheral neuropathy group. There was increased Maximum plantar pressure, pressure-time integral and forefoot hindfoot ratio, and reduced total contact area of the foot (p < 0.05).CONCLUSION: For patients, with combined peripheral neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease have increased plantar pressure distribution, are at higher risks of developing neuro-ischemic foot, which further leads to diabetic foot ulcers.
Assessment of the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with gout based on the FINDRISС scale
Authors: Zhelyabina O. V. , Eliseev M. S. , Chikina M. N. , Panevin T. S. 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Gout is associated with a high incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).AIM: To calculate the risk of T2DM on the FINDRISС scale, to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the scale in patients with gout based on the results of prospective follow-up.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective single-center study included 444 patients with gout over 18 years of age (49 women, 395 men) without diabetes. The duration of follow-up ranged from 2 to 8 years. Initially, the risk of developing diabetes mellitus 2 was calculated according to the Russian version of the FINDRISС scale. The risk of developing T2DM was assessed as «low» with a total score (CC) <7 points, slightly increased — from 7 to 11 points, moderate — from 12 to 14 points, high — from 15 to 20 points, and very high — ≥20 points. To assess the validity of using the FINDRISС scale, an analysis of sensitivity, specificity, construction of the ROC curve with the determination of the area under the curve was carried out. The presence and number of subcutaneous tophi, the number of arthritis attacks over the last year, the number of affected joints during the illness, serum levels of creatinine, uric acid, hs-CRP, glycated hemoglobin were determined.RESULTS: Over 5.66 [2.69; 7.64] years of follow-up, T2DM developed in 108 patients (24.3%). On the FINDRISС scale, low risk was found in 16 (4%), slightly increased in 187 (42%), moderate in 98 (22%), high in 80 (18%), very high in 63 (14%). The most common risk factors (RF) for T2DM included in FINDRISС were BMI> 25 kg / m2 — 85.6% of patients, taking antihypertensive drugs — 81.3% of patients, age over 45 years in 70.5% of patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the FINDRISС scale were 52.8% and 66.3%, respectively. According to these data, the quality of the model was assessed as moderate. 9% vs 31.1% (p = 0.014)), serum MK level ≤300 μmol / L. Developed type 2 diabetes 33.3% of patients with moderate / high / very high risk 18.1% of patients with low or slightly increased risk (p = 0.0002).CONCLUSION: The FINDRISС scale can have sufficient sensitivity (52.8%) and specificity (66.3%) and can be used to calculate the risk of T2DM in patients with gout.
Carbohydrate metabolism in children after complex treatment of medulloblastoma
Authors: Kalinin A. L. , Strebkova N. A. , Zheludkova O. G. , Kareva M. A. , Mazerkina N. A. , Bezlepkina O. B. 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism are frequent complications after complex treatment of cancer. Early detection of these disorders allows to modify lifestyle, if necessary, apply drug therapy and correct the identified changes in time, which will subsequently lead to a decrease in cardiovascular risks, an improvement in the quality and an increase in the life expectancy of this group of patients.AIM: To identify the frequency of occurrence and determine the optimal methods for early diagnosis of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in children after complex treatment of medulloblastoma.MATERIALS AND METHODS: 97 patients (64 boys) were examined after complex treatment of medulloblastoma (surgical treatment, craniospinal radiation therapy [CSI], chemotherapy). The median age at the time of the survey was 11.2 (5.29 -17.9) years. The average follow-up period after the end of all types of treatment is 4.7 (0.59 - 11.94) years. At the time of examination, all patients were compensated for hypothyroidism and hypocorticism (if any), and no one was on growth hormone therapy. All patients underwent a standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and determination of the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).RESULTS: None of the patients had a basal glycemic level higher than 5.5 mmol / L. Impaired glucose tolerance ( glycemia at the 120th minute ≥7.8 mmol / L <11.09 mmol / L) was detected in 10 out of 97 patients (10.3%). 7 patients with IGT had insulin resistance (according to MATSUDA index), while 1 of them had normal HOMA-IR index. Only one patient with IGT had an increase in the level of glycated hemoglobin up to 6.2%. Insulin resistance (using the MATSUDA index) was present in 30 patients, and 11 of them had a normal HOMA-IR index. Thus, 34 out of 97 patients (35.1%) had disorders of carbohydrate metabolism (IGT and / or insulin resistance). At the same time, the level of glycated hemoglobin reflected disturbances in only one case, and the basal level of glycemia was not informative in any case.CONCLUSION: Assessment of basal levels of glycemia and insulin, as well as glycated hemoglobin, is insufficient to exclude disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in patients after complex treatment of medulloblastoma. It is advisable to carry out a standard OGTT.