bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance in Tomato to the Pink Form of the Potato Aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas): The Role of Anatomy, Epidermal Hairs, and Foliage Composition1
Authors: Quiros Carlos F. , Stevens M. Allen , Rick Charles M. , Kok-Yokomi M. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Several characteristics of the cultivated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and several wild relatives were explored as factors in resistance to the pink form of the potato aphid. Foliage volatiles of resistant and susceptible plants were found to be qualitatively similar but quantitatively different. Olfactometric tests revealed that the aphids did not react in any detectable way to the aroma variation conditioned by these quantitative differences. Epidermal hairs (non-glandular) of the normal genotypes were not a factor influencing degree of attack by the aphids. In the field the aphids avoided both an excessively hairy compound mutant stock Ln-Wom and the wild tomato relative L. hirsutum. However, under infestation in the laboratory the insects managed to feed on these plants. Pubescence in the normal genotype is not a factor affecting resistance. However, increase of hair density and length tends to restrict aphid feeding activity under field conditions. The presence of anthocyanin in the foliage did not inhibit aphids from feeding. No anatomical obstacles to reaching the feeding site, the internal phloem, were found in resistant accessions of the green-fruited species L. hirsutum, however, thick cortex in the stems might prevent aphids from reaching vascular tissue. Comparative analysis of foliage of susceptible and resistant plants revealed higher sucrose, lower quinic acid, and higher alanine and tyrosine contents and a trend toward higher total free amino-acid concentration in the former. Furthermore, susceptible plants were unique as a source of o-phosphoethanol amine.
Effect of Irrigation on Interlocular Cavitation and Yield in Snap Bean1
Authors: Lee Jung M. , Read Paul E. , Davis David W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Interlocular Cavitation (IC) in snap bean pods was studied in 8 commercial cultivars under several irrigation regimes on a sandy soil. In susceptible cultivars, IC was consistently associated with heavy irrigation during pod growth. Little or no IC was found when no more than 1.27 cm of water was applied per week. Irrigation also influenced pod yield, plant weight, ratio of pod weight to plant weight, pod composition, and seed number. Cultivars susceptible to IC showed rapid increase in pod weight when irrigated after 2-3 weeks of moisture stress conditions. However, this rapid increase in pod weight did not induce IC under the conditions tested. Proportion of pod P and K in relation to Ca and Mg increased as irrigation levels were increased. Seed number was related to irrigation and the severity of IC, depending upon cultivar.
Effect of Nitrogen Source and Aluminum in Nutrient Solution on the Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Apple and Peach Seedlings1
Authors: Kotze W. A. G. , Shear C. B. , Faust M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Open-pollinated ‘York Imperial’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and Nemagard peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) seedlings were grown in nutrient solution containing either NH4+ or NO3-. The solution contained 0 or 4 ppm A1 and the pH was maintained at 4.5 by frequent adjustment. Apple seedlings grew better, and growth was less affected by Al, when the N source was NH4+ rather than NO3-. Peach seedlings grew better when supplied with NO3-. The total quantity of Ca, Mg, K, P, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe taken up by both apple and peach seedlings was less in the presence of Al when N was supplied as NO3-. Nutrient uptake by seedlings receiving NH4+ was slightly less or not affected by the presence of Al. Uptake of Mn and Fe was greater in both species and K and P uptake greater in apples, whereas Ca uptake by peach seedlings was less in the presence of NH4+. Aluminum uptake and transport was lower with NH4+ than with NO3- as N source.
Reduction of Tomato Fruit Size and Yield by Ozone1
Authors: Oshima R. J. , Braegelmann P. K. , Baldwin D. W. , Van Way V. , Taylor O. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A multiple regression analysis of yields of ‘6718 VF’ tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) from 11 field plots along an ambient ozone gradient in southern California indicated that ozone was responsible for a significant reduction in fruit size. Ozone dose accounted for 85% of the reduction in fruit size and was at least 3.3 times more important than any of the monitored meteorological variables in predicting the percentage of marketable fruit. High ambient ozone depressed production and caused a significant decrease in fruit size over time. A model describing the reduction in marketing container yield (% reduction = 0 + (.0232 x dose)) predicted a 50% reduction at a dose of 2000 pphm-hours > 10 pphm.
Self-fertilization of Cucumis metuliferus Naud. and its Cross-compatibility with C. melo L.1
Authors: Fassuliotis George 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Self- and cross-compatibility relationships between Cucumis metuliferus and C. melo cv. Gulfstream were studied. In selfed flowers of C. metuliferus, the pollen tubes reached the ovules within 24 hours. Fertilization occurred in 91% of the ovules between 24 and 48 hours. ‘Gulfstream’ pollen on C. metuliferus germinated well, but pollen tubes grew slower and most stopped at the level of the uppermost ovules. About 1% of the tubes, however, succeeded in entering and fertilizing the ovules. Seeds recovered from fruit resulting from C. metuliferus x C. melo did not germinate, probably due to failure to achieve double fertilization or to early embryo abortion. Viable embryos have been successfully cultured when removed from the ovary 15—20 days after pollination but one surviving plant was similar to the maternal parent and was not an interspecific hybrid.
Heterosis and Combining Ability in a Diallel Cross of Onions1
Authors: Hosfield George L. , Vest Grant , Peterson C. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nine inbred onion (Allium cepa L.) lines of diverse origin and known horticultural performance were crossed in diallel to measure the extent of heterosis for yield and 6 other traits and to evaluate the types of gene action involved in character expression. Parents and the 36 F1 hybrids were compared at 2 locations (Michigan and Wisconsin) in 1975. Average performance of the parents and hybrids showed good agreement between environments for yield and several other traits. The mean performance of F1 hybrids fell within the range of parents for all characters. Although not always significant, F1’s on the average yielded more, were earlier to mature, had greater bulb weights, more centers, fewer rings, and were less firm than the average of the better parents in crosses. Heterosis was significant and favorable at both locations for yield, maturity, and bulb weight, but unfavorable for centers/bulb. Yield heterosis of the hybrids over the mid- and high parent, respectively, were 39 and 20% at Palmyra, Wisconsin and 27 and 12% at East Lansing, Michigan. In general, high F1 yields were associated with crosses involving high yielding parents. Variances of general combining ability (GCA) predominated for all traits. Small but significant specific combining ability (SCA) effects were noted for maturity, bulb firmness, and % of storage loss.
Relationship of Storage, Handling, and Cooking Method to Color, Hardcore Tissue, and Carbohydrate Composition in Sweet Potatoes1
Authors: Sistrunk W. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The effects of bruising and chilling on color, hardcore, and carbohydrate composition in ‘Centennial’ and ‘Georgia Jet’ sweet potato roots (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) were observed after baking and boiling. ‘Centennial’ was better in color than ‘Georgia Jet’ by both cooking methods. There was a general increase in discoloration as storage was extended to 10 days. Baked roots were better in color than boiled by both Hunter Color Difference Meter and sensory scores. The incidence of hardcore was higher in ‘Georgia Jet’, and the amount increased with storage time at 2°C. Bruising did not influence hardcore, but bruised lots had more discoloration and received lower color scores. ‘Centennial’ was higher than ‘Georgia Jet’ in all carbohydrates except cellulose. All carbohydrates decreased during 10-day storage except sugars and water-soluble pectin. Cooking by baking converted more starch to sugar than boiling. Significant interactions occurred among cultivar, storage temperature, storage time, and cooking method that influenced the interpretation of the results.
The Role of Nucleic Acid Synthesis in Cucumber Fruit Set1
Authors: Fuller Gale L. , Leopold A. Carl 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The effects of pollination and auxin treatment on nucleic acid synthesis were compared in cucumber ovaries (Cucumis sativus L., cv. Crusader) druing fruit set. Stimulation of nucleic acid synthesis occurred within 9 hours after pollination, and within 6 hours after auxin treatment. This new synthesis is deduced to be necessary for fruit growth because nucleic acid inhibitors such as Actinomycin-D (Act-D) blocked fruit growth most effectively if applied during the first 12 hr after pollination, before an increase in growth had begun. The inhibitor 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which selectively inhibits synthesis of RNA fractions other than messenger RNA, did not block fruit growth, suggesting that messenger RNA could be the most limiting of the new RNA fractions synthesized during the first 12 hours of fruit set.
Frequency and Rate of Fertilization with Trickle Irrigation for Strawberries1
Authors: Locascio S. J. , Myers J. M. , Martin F. G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Dutch.) response to trickle irrigation was compared with overhead and no irrigation. Fertilizer rates were 94-55-104 to 202-118-223 kg/ha N-P-K with 0, 50, and 100% of the N and K applied with trickle irrigation. The remaining fertilizer for trickle and all for overhead and non-irrigated treatments was applied preplant. Fruit yields were increased 34% with overhead irrigation and 37% with trickle irrigation above that for non-irrigated treatments. With 0 and 50% of the N and K applied in daily or weekly increments with trickle irrigation, fruit yields were 2 and 20% greater than with overhead irrigation, 30 and 58% greater than with no irrigation, respectively. The N levels of leaf tissue samples were not influenced by treatment. Leaf K levels were significantly higher with trickle irrigation than with overhead irrigation or check treatments. Soil value for total soluble salts, K and NO3 were significantly lower with trickle irrigation than with overhead or no irrigation treatments.
Effects of Etiolation, Stem Anatomy, and Starch Reserves on Root Initiation of Layered Malus Clones1
Authors: Doud Steven L. , Carlson Robert F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Four Malus dwarfing rootstock clones showed a range of rooting success when propagated as layers. Root emergence was largely confined to a nodal position near lateral buds. Anatomical studies revealed nodal rooting to be closely associated with the parenchymatous bud and leaf gaps of the stem. The highest starch concentration was in these tissues and the outer ring of pith cells. Etiolation during layering increased stem starch and decreased the degree of sclerification of the cortex. Rooting success was negatively correlated with degree of sclerification. Etiolated stem cuttings rooted in 7 days under mist propagation, while non-etiolated cuttings failed to root, indicating that etiolation provided a stimulus to root initiation in the non-differentiated, starch-rich gap areas. Inter-relationships of stem etiolation and internal carbohydrate reserves were associated with the rooting process.
Effects of Two Analogs of Rhizobitoxine and Sodium Benzoate on Senescence of Snapdragons1
Authors: Yi Wang Chien , Baker James E. , Hardenburg Robert E. , Lieberman Morris 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus L.) preconditioned or held in floral preservative solutions containing the ethoxy analog of rhizobitoxine showed reduced ethylene production, reduced flower abscission, and increased vase life. The methoxy analog of rhizobitoxine also inhibited ethylene production and increased vase life of snapdragons, but to a lesser extent. Sodium benzoate at 0.2 mm suppressed ethylene production but did not increase vase life; at 2.0 mm sodium benzoate was toxic to flowers.
Thinning Apples with Ethylene-releasing Chemicals1
Authors: Robitaille Henry A. , Emerson Frank H. , Yu K. S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Successful fruit thinning of apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) with CGA 15281, an ethylene-releasing compound, was demonstrated at 20 and 46 days past bloom. A rapid drop in fruit removal force was followed by fruit abscission on days 4 and 5. In contrast, ethephon often resulted in protracted abscission and complete fruit removal. Differential sensitivity to CGA 15281 existed among cultivars. Explants were less sensitive to ethylene than intact fruit, and could not be used for controlled experiments. No adverse effects of CGA 15281 were noted with the exception of some leaf drop in the interior of the tree.
Fruit Removal Force, Cellulase, and Ethylene Production in Release and Ethephon-treated Oranges1
Authors: Kossuth S. V. , Biggs R. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Hamlin’ and ‘Valencia’ oranges [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] were treated by stem uptake or dipping in 5-chloro-3-methyl-4nitro-1H, pyrazole (Release) and (2-chloro-ethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon) of varying concentrations. Depending upon chemical concentration and fruit maturity, fruit removal force (FRF) was reduced within 24 or 48 hours. More buffer and salt extractable cellulase activity were produced after ethephon than after Release treatment, both exceeding the control. Buffer soluble cellulase activity was treatment concentration dependent while salt released cellulase activity was chemical (Release, ethephon, or control) dependent, increasing by the same amount regardless of treatment concentration. Two ethylene peaks, resulting in an M-shaped curve, occurred after dipping oranges in Release. The peak due to chemical treatment (chemical peak) appeared first and was concentration dependent, being of greater magnitude and earlier in time with the higher concentrations. Measurable ethylene production after stem uptake of the chemicals was erratic and represents an inadequate and erroneous procedure for determining effectiveness of a potential abscission chemical.
Irrigation and Applied Nitrogen Effects on Snap Beans and Pickling Cucumbers1
Authors: Doss B. D. , Evans C. E. , Turner J. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Field studies were conducted to determine the response of snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) to no, intermediate, and high irrigation with 0, 65, 100, and 135 kg N/ha on beans and 56 and 112 kg N/ha on cucumbers. Intermediate irrigation increased marketable yields, but high irrigation did not. Average snap bean yields for the 3-year period by soil water regimes were 5,800, 7,000, and 6,800 kg/ha, and for cucumbers were 32,200, 35,400, and 33,000 kg/ha for no, intermediate, and high irrigation, respectively. Applied N increased yields, with the 3-year average snap bean yields being 4,600, 6,600, 7,200 and 7,700 kg/ha for 0, 65, 100 and 135 kg/ha rates, respectively, and cucumber yields being 31,900 and 35,100 kg/ha for 56 and 112 kg/ha, respectively. There was a greater response to N fertilizer on the spring crop than on the fall crop.
Influence of Fruit-setting Treatment on Translocation of l4C-metabolites in Citrus during Flowering and Fruiting1
Authors: Powell A. A. , Krezdorn A. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Self-pollination, emasculation and gibberellic acid (GA) were used to study translocation patterns of l4C-metabolites during flowering and fruiting in calamondin (Citrus madurensis Lour.). Radioautographs showed similar translocation patterns with self-pollination and GA. GA and self-pollination resulted in a considerably stronger mobilization of 14C-metabolites to young ovaries and developing fruits than when flowers were emasculated and no further stimulus provided. The movement of l4C-metabolites to fruits, especially in the 3-week period after anthesis, appeared essential for fruit set and development.
Comparative Efficacy of Ozone-injury Suppression by Benomyl and Carboxin on Turfgrasses1
Authors: Papple D. J. , Ormrod D. P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The systemic fungicides benomyl and carboxin were evaluated in controlled environment chambers as ozone protectants on annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L. cv. Merion) and creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds. cv. Penncross); and in open-top outdoor chambers on creeping bent-grass. Benomyl sprays were effective in reducing ozone-induced injury in controlled environments on all grasses at all rates used. Carboxin was not a satisfactory ozone protectant and had direct toxic effects on leaves of all 3 species. Growth retardation due to ozone or carboxin was generally proportional to leaf injury. Benomyl sprays in the outdoor situation limited ozone injury on creeping bentgrass for several weeks in the summer but for a much shorter time in the fall.
Influence of Lime, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Sources on the Availability and Relationship of Soil Fluoride to Leaf Scorch in Lilium longiflorum Thunb1
Authors: Marousky F. J. , Woltz S. S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Plants of ‘Croft’, ‘Ace’ and ‘Nellie White’ grown in F- or Li-amended sand cultures had injured leaves. F-injury on ‘Croft’ developed as a semi-circular necrotic area at the margin of the leaf near its apex. The necrosis enlarged until the entire leaf tip and margin became necrotic. F injury on ‘Ace’ and ‘Nellie White’ varied from the semi-circular necrosis pattern to chlorotic or necrotic leaf margins. Injury affected only lower leaves of ‘Ace’ and ‘Nellie White’ but affected all leaves of ‘Croft’. Li injured leaves of all cultivars but the number and degree of injury were less than those produced by F. Li injury developed as chlorotic leaf margins which eventually became necrotic. In all cultivars Li injury was confined to lower leaves. ‘Croft’ was more sensitive to F and Li than ‘Ace’ or ‘Nellie White’.
‘Ace’ and ‘Nellie White’ were also grown in soil amended with dicalcium phosphate or superphosphate at both low and high lime rates and fertilized with NH4-N or NO3-N nitrogen. Plants grown with dicalcium phosphate with NH4-N or at any lime rate had no leaf injury. Plants grown with superphosphate had injured leaves, particularly at low lime rates with NH4-N. Soil and plant analysis showed a high positive correlation between superphosphate, which contains F, and leaf scorch. Soil-borne F was influenced by source of N fertilizer and lime rate. The pattern of leaf scorch from superphosphate in ‘Nellie White’ and ‘Ace’ was the same as that from NaF.
A Media and Fertilizer Study in Anthurium1
Authors: Higaki Tadashi , Poole Richard T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A study was conducted on Anthurium andreanum Lind, cv Ozaki Red testing sugarcane bagasse, wood shavings, black cinder, black cinder base with bagasse mulch, and tree fern chips, media and fertilizer levels of 448, 196, and 370 kg N-P-K/ha per yr at 1, 2, and 3 × rates. Media ranking from best to poorest for flower production, flower stem length, and flower size were: sugarcane bagasse, wood shavings, black cinder base with bagasse mulch, tree fern chips and black cinder. The low fertilizer rate gave as good or better results in flower production as the high rates. The 2 × rate produced slightly longer flower stems and larger flowers than 1 × or 3 × rate. Flower production decreased with age of plant, but both stem length and flower size increased.
Heritability of Reducing Sugar Concentration in Pickling Cucumber Fruit and its Implication on Methods of Selection1
Authors: McCreight J. D. , Lower R. L. , Moll R. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Narrow sense heritabilities (h2) for reducing sugar concentration of pickling cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) were estimated for a population of half-sib families from 501 plant introductions and cultivars. Reducing sugar concentration averaged 22.3 mg/g fresh weight, and ranged from 10.4 to 51.9 mg/g. Half-sib family heritability of reducing sugar concentration was 0.30, and after correction for estimated genotype × environment interaction was 0.051. Parent-offspring heritability was 0.042. Expected gains per cycle of half-sib progeny testing and half-sib testing, corrected for genotype × environment interaction bias, were 0.42 and 0.21 mg reducing sugar/g, respectively. Expected gain per cycle of mass selection was 0.38 mg/g.
Hormones in Pear Seeds. II. Levels of Abscisic Acid, Dihydrophaseic Acid, and Their Metabolites in Relation to Seed Dormancy in Several Pyrus Species1
Authors: Dennis F. G. , Martin G. C. , Gaskin P. , MacMillan J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA), dihydrophaseic acid (DPA), and their metabolites were measured in mature pear seeds, using gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). ABA content of Pyrus communis L. cv. Bartlett seeds fell during imbibition, but was not affected by temperature (4 vs. 21°C) or time (0 to 4 weeks) of stratification in a moist medium. Levels of DPA and 3 of its metabolites were not correlated with dormancy. The amount of chilling required to break dormancy was not correlated with ABA or DPA content in imbibed, non-stratified seeds of 6 Pyrus species.
Interspecific Hybridization between Rice Bean [Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & Ohashi] and Adzuki Bean [V. angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi]1
Authors: Ahn Chang Soon , Hartmann Richard W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Interspecific hybridization between Vigna umbellata and V. angularis is reported for the first time. Hybrids were obtained from immature embryos cultured on artificial medium. The hybrids showed normal meiosis (11II) and fertility only slightly reduced from that of the parental species. Viable seeds were produced by self-pollination and by backcrosses to both parents. It appears that these species are closely related and gene transfers in both directions should be possible once embryo abortion is overcome by embryo culture.
Effect of Stage of Bud Development on Cold Injury in Rabbiteye Blueberry1
Authors: Spiers J. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Floral and vegetative buds of ‘Tifblue’ and ‘Woodard’ rabbiteye blueberries (Vaccinium ashei Reade) in various stages of development were exposed to cold under controlled conditions. The temperature required to damage a floral bud was inversely related to the stage of the bud; closed floral buds survived −15°C, but open buds were killed by −1°. Floral buds exposed to but undamaged by cold developed as rapidly as buds with no exposure to cold. Cold hardiness of vegetative buds was similar to that of floral buds.
Nitrogen, Potassium and Magnesium Nutrition of Three Orchid Genera1
Authors: Poole Hugh A. , Seeley John G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In nutrient culture, growth of hybrid plants of Cymbidium and Phalaenopsis was optimal with 100 ppm N, 50-100 ppm K and 25 ppm Mg and optimal for Cattleya with 50 ppm each of N, K and Mg. Cymbidium plants developed N deficiency symptoms when supplied with 50 ppm N. K levels tested had little effect on growth responses. Mg at 100 ppm decreased growth of all 3 genera in comparison to 50 ppm.