bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical and mechanical accelerated and long‐term stability evaluation of sunscreen formulation containing grape seed extract
Authors: Yarovaya Liudmila , Waranuch Neti , Wisuitiprot Wudtichai , Khunkitti Watcharee 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundSunscreens and catechins from grape seed extract (GSE) are sensitive to various environmental factors and undergo certain changes over time that might affect the effectiveness of the final product. To this date, effects of thermal storage conditions have not been sufficiently addressed to guarantee the long‐term stability of sunscreen formulations.AimsTo study the chemical and mechanical accelerated and long‐term stability of sunscreen formulation containing GSE at the Climatic Zone IVb conditions.MethodsStability studies were performed for 6 months for accelerated stability study at 30°C ± 2 and 50°C ± 2, 75 ± 5% relative humidity; and long‐term stability study at 5°C ± 5. The quantification of constituents of three formulations: sunscreen with GSE, cream with UV filters only, and cream with GSE only was performed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. In vitro spectrophotometry was used to determine changes in sun protection effectiveness through SPF and UVAPF values. Mechanical stability was evaluated by textural and rheological analyzes.ResultsAll tested formulations were less stable at high‐temperature conditions. The contents of catechin (С) and epicatechin (EC) in sunscreen with GSE were reduced to 37% and 50% at 50°C, respectively, whereas UV filters appeared to be stable. However, despite the significant reduction in catechins over time, polyphenols in GSE remained unchanged at different stored conditions. The SPF values and water resistance of sunscreen with GSE were maintained throughout the study.ConclusionsA current in vitro study has shown that sunscreen with GSE is a value‐added anti‐aging ingredient in sunscreen formulation because its polyphenolic composition as well as SPF values and water resistance were maintained under all temperature conditions over time.
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Students Experiencing Homelessness and Substance Use in the School Context: A Statewide Study
Authors: Moore Hadass , De Pedro Kris 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTPURPOSEThis study explored differences between lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB)‐housed and homeless students regarding substance use patterns on and off school grounds and the unique contribution of homelessness to substance use in school.METHODSData were from the 2013‐2015 California Healthy Kids Survey, a statewide survey of school protective factors and risk behaviors. A representative sample of 9th‐ and 11th‐grade students (N = 20,337) was used. Comparisons between housed (n = 19,456) and homeless (doubled up: n = 715; acute homeless: n = 166) LGB students were conducted. We used chi‐square tests to compare rates of lifetime, past‐30‐day, and in‐school substance use and conducted multivariate logistic regression models for each substance use variables.RESULTSChi‐square test results indicated significant differences in rates of substance use among students experiencing homelessness (both categories) and housed LGB students. Lesbian, gay, and bisexual students experiencing homelessness were more likely to report substance use off and on school grounds. Results from logistic regression analyses indicated that LGB students who experience homelessness were significantly more likely to report recent and in‐school substance use. For example, students experiencing acute homelessness were about 3 times as likely to report heavy episodic drinking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.13, 4.26) and more than 5 times as likely to smoke marijuana in school (AOR = 5.38; 95% CI = 3.46, 8.36), compared to housed LGB students.CONCLUSIONSLGB students who experience homelessness are at higher risk than housed LGB students of substance use on and off school grounds. Findings highlight the need to provide support in the school context for this subpopulation.
Evaluation of full‐fatted and hydrolysate mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae as a substitute for spray‐dried plasma protein diet in weaning pigs
Authors: Cho Kyung Hoon , Sampath Vetriselvi , Kim Al Ji , Yoo Jong Sang , Kim In Ho 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe goal of this experiment was to examine the effect of dietary inclusion of full‐fatted mealworm larvae (FFML) or hydrolysate mealworm larvae (HML) (Tenebrio molitor) as a substitute for spray‐dried plasma protein (SDPP) as a protein source on the performance and immune status of nursery pigs. A total of 150 crossbred piglets (6.48 ± 0.01 kg) were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 dietary groups in two feeding phases: phase 1 (Days 0−14) and phase 2 (Days 15−35). Each treatment had 10 replicates with 5 pigs per replicate. The nutritious diets were: Phase 1: SDPP—CON (control‐basal diet) + 6% SDPP diet; FFML—CON + 3% SDPP and 3% FFML diet; HML—CON + 3% SDPP and 3% HML diet. Phase 2: SDPP—CON (basal diet) + 3% SDPP diet; FFML—CON + 3% FFML diet; HML—CON + 3% HML diet. The inclusion of FFML or HML diet did not show significant difference but had a comparable effect as that of standard control diet containing SDPP on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and faecal score throughout the trial. In comparison to pigs fed SDPP diet, pigs fed FFML and HML diets had similar and/or higher (p < 0.05) serum immunoglobulin (IgA and IgG) concentration at the end of phase 1 and 2. The result of the present study indictes that SDPP would be partially or fully replaced with FFML or HML to suit weaning pigs diet.
Clinical findings, surgical treatment and long‐term outcome of dogs and cats with double aortic arch: four cases (2005–2022)
Authors: Rossanese M. , Cinti F. , Chanoit G. P. A. , Brockman D. J. 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, treatment and long‐term outcome following surgery of dogs and cats undergoing surgical treatment for a double aortic arch.Materials and MethodsMedical records of dogs and cats diagnosed with a double aortic arch between 2005 and 2022 at three small animal referral hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. Long‐term outcome was assessed by a clinical examination and/or by contacting the owners or referring veterinarians.ResultsTwo dogs and two cats were included. Regurgitation after eating, stunted growth and poor weight gain were the predominant clinical features. All animals had thoracic radiography and oesophagography; a dilation of the cranial thoracic oesophagus cranial to the heart base, was described in all animals. CT angiography confirmed double aortic arch in three of these and the right aortic arch was larger and appeared more well developed compared with the left aortic arch in all based on CT or surgical findings. Surgery was performed via a left fourth intercostal thoracotomy; ligation and transection of the lesser left aortic arch was performed. Follow‐up time ranged from 360 to 1563 days. All animals showed a marked improvement during the postoperative period, and all gained weight gradually. Owners' perception of the surgical procedure outcome and quality of life was described as excellent for all animals.Clinical SignificanceSurgical ligation of the lesser aortic arch in dogs and cats with double aortic arch is associated with a favourable prognosis for recovery, resolution of clinical signs, and quality of life with only minor feeding modifications.
Mefenoxam and pyraclostrobin: toxicity and in vitro inhibitory activity against Pythium insidiosum
Authors: Stibbe P.C. , Ianiski L.B. , Weiblen C. , Maciel A.F. , Machado M.L. , da Silveira T.L. , Soares F.A.A. , Santurio J.M. , Soares M.P. , Pereira D.I.B. , Sangioni L.A. , de Avila Botton S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study is to verify in vitro susceptibility of Pythium insidiosum against the agricultural fungicides mefenoxam and pyraclostrobin and evaluate the toxicity of both compounds. Twenty-one P. insidiosum isolates were tested against mefenoxam and pyraclostrobin using the broth microdilution method. Minimum inhibitory and oomicidal concentrations for both compounds were established. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy was performed on P. insidiosum hyphae treated with the sublethal concentration of each fungicide. The toxicity of the compounds was evaluated in vivo Caenorhabditis elegans model. The concentration to inhibit 100% of P. insidiosum growth ranged from 0·625 to 10 μg ml−1 for mefenoxam and from 0·019 to 5 μg ml−1 for pyraclostrobin. The SEM analysis revealed changes on the surface of the hyphae treated with the fungicides, suggesting possible damage caused by these compounds. There was no evidence of toxicity in vivo models. Mefenoxam and pyraclostrobin did not show toxicity at the doses evaluated and have inhibitory effects on the pathogenic oomycete P. insidiosum. However, further evaluations of their pharmacokinetics and toxicity in different animal species and possible pharmacological interactions are necessary to infer a possible use in the clinical management of pythiosis.
Impact on purchasing behaviour of implementing ‘junk free checkouts’: A pre‐post study
Authors: Fildes Alison , Lally Phillippa , Morris Michelle A. , Dalton Alexandra , Croker Helen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn 2015, Tesco Express convenience stores implemented a healthy checkouts initiative; products high in fat, salt or sugar were removed from in‐queue areas. We compare purchasing of less healthy foods before and after its introduction. Tesco provided store‐level sales data (n = 1151) for Express stores in England over two 8‐week periods, May–July 2014 and 2015. Paired t‐tests examined if spending on less healthy foods (biscuits, cakes, crisps and confectionery), as a proportion of total spend, changed between 2015 and 2014. Analyses were repeated for the quantity of less healthy products sold. Compliance was measured through unannounced store visits (n = 41). Complete sales data were available for 1101 stores (96%). Mean overall spend increased in 2015 compared with 2014 (£666 079.70 [SD 406 385.00] vs. £653 786.59 [SD 447 580.77]; p < 0.001). The proportion of total spend from less healthy foods decreased in 2015 versus 2014 (8.03% [SD 2.07] vs. 8.21% [SD 2.17]; p < 0.001). Confectionery accounted for the largest proportion of less healthy product spend, showing the biggest reduction (3.91% [SD 1.16] in 2015 vs. 4.12% [SD 1.24] in 2014; p < 0.001). Results were similar for quantity of less healthy products sold. Like‐for‐like sales data from major supermarkets revealed spend on less healthy products rose across the UK over this period. Thirty‐nine per cent of stores were fully compliant. In conclusion, following implementation of Tesco's healthier checkouts initiative, there was a small reduction in sales of less healthy foods, largely accounted for by confectionery products. These findings suggest that removal of less healthy products from checkouts might lead to healthier purchasing behaviour. However, store compliance was poor, suggesting scope for improvement.
The United States in Chinese environmental policy narratives: Is there a trump effect?
Authors: Ba Yuhao , Schwaeble Kathryn , Birkland Thomas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDrawing on insights from studies of environmental politics, the policy process, and the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF), this study examines the Trump administration's influence on how the United States is characterized by Chinese environmental policy scholars. Using an NPF approach and policy narratives on the topic of global environmental governance, our empirical results suggest that the Trump administration has shifted Chinese environmental policy scholars' constructed role of the US but not China's relationship with the US in these narratives. Specifically, there was a widening polarization of the US being portrayed as hero and villain over the sampled time frame (2010–2020) yet the portrayal of the US as an ally remained stable. These portrayals of the US also do not vary across narrators' knowledge and professional backgrounds. Our findings help confirm previous arguments that the Trump Administration's influence on environmental policy and politics in China is more rhetorical than substantive, and indicate that, despite the escalating rivalry between the two countries, Chinese environmental policy scholars continue viewing the US as an ally in global environmental governance. The findings likewise provide insights for rebuilding international climate cooperation and global climate governance leadership.
Going beyond poles of power to examine the poles: A review of racism/anti‐blackness in Poland
Authors: Greene Bryan Ladson 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article provides an overview of literature pertaining to anti‐blackness and racism in Poland. Much of the literature on anti‐blackness and racism in Europe has focused on certain hegemonic powers in Europe. This literature reviews seeks to add another country to explore the topic. The article first discusses how anti‐blackness conversations are formulated in general and then shifts to examine Poland, exploring how these conversations on immigration, economic issues and Islamophobia add to a broader discussion of Europe's problems with anti‐blackness more broadly. From here, the article examines and dismantles the notions that Poland is isolated from the African continent and that Poland's historical and contemporary population can be viewed as totally homogenous. Self‐identified Afro‐Poles are discussed as a focal population of Black Poles, showing that there are generational interactions between the African continent and Polish society in the last section. This review seeks to add a new case study into the discourse of anti‐blackness and racism in Europe. I argue that cases like Poland are valuable and necessary to develop fuller conceptualizations of anti‐blackness.
Welfare contracting with Chinese socialist characteristics: Experience of the Bohai Bay Economic Rim, Northern China
Authors: Mok Ka Ho , Wen Zhuoyi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study is set out against the broader socio‐political economy context, in which China searches for better social governance to improve service delivery catering to the soaring demand on social care in the Bohai Bay Economic Rim (BBER). BBER is one of China's industrial bases and currently an emerging economic powerhouse in Northern China, rivalling the Pearl River Delta in the south and Yangtze River Delta in the east. On the bases of policy reviews and in‐depth interviews with government officials, social welfare experts, and managers and social workers of non‐governmental organisations (NGOs), this research contributes to an improved understanding of social governance reforms in China through the welfare contracting, development trends and implementation challenges and changing state–NGO relationships. Empirical data have shown that the success of governance reforms in the BBER area depends heavily on personal relationships rather than organisational reforms. Local officials have successfully maintained strong discretion and intervention through a top‐down and authoritarian approach in welfare contracting, whilst they allocated resources to a circle of acquaintances in the manner of market exchange but without the substance of competition.
Numerical Analysis and Experimental Verification on Flow Characteristics of a Pressurized Fluidized Bed System
Authors: Öner Burcu Ayşe , Bektaş Zeynep , Yılmaz Barış 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The pressurized fluidized bed technology is recently shown to be a most promising technology for energy conversion and carbon capture. In the present work, two-phase flow characteristics of a laboratory-scale bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) system have been examined numerically under pressurized cold flow conditions. The BFB hydrodynamics is presented by axial pressure distributions and radial particle volume fractions. Moreover, the influence of drag models on minimum fluidization and bubble formation is studied using two different drag models, namely Wen-Yu/Ergun and EMMS–Yang, at both atmospheric and elevated pressure conditions. The numerical results are validated with a series of pressure drop and axial pressure measurements conducted at three different pressure conditions. The experimentally observed minimum fluidization velocity results are also compared with the theoretical correlations found in the literature. Good agreement has been found between experiments and numerical predictions.
Promoting psychosocial environments in Norwegian primary schools: a scoping review protocol exploring the roles and responsibilities of school social workers
Authors: Singstad Marianne Tevik , Røkenes Fredrik Mørk , Ekornes Stine Margrethe 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionEarly intervention by identifying children at risk and providing necessary support is vital to prevent stunted psychosocial development and mental health issues. In this regard, schools are important intervention arenas, reaching all students at a universal level. The need for enhanced efforts is well recognised in Norwegian policy documents, whereas school social workers can represent significant roles in supporting teachers with expanded knowledge on psychosocial factors, mental health and relevant interventions. Despite the clearly stated needs for interprofessional competence in school, limited research has been conducted, and there are no national standards or guidelines for school social workers’ practice. Thus, this scoping review’s overall objectives are to systematically map the existing research on social workers’ roles and responsibilities in Norwegian primary schools.Methods and analysisA scoping review will be conducted, using the methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley. Four of their defined goals will be of significance: (1) examine the extent, range and nature of the research activity; (2) determine the value of undertaking a full systematic review; (3) summarise and disseminate research findings; (4) identify research gaps in the existing literature. Systematic searches will be conducted in relevant databases and search portals, including snowballing and manually searching reference lists. Publication language is restricted to English and Norwegian, the date range is from 1 January 2000 until 31 October 2022, and inclusion requires focus on social workers in a Norwegian primary school context. The data will be screened using the screening data extraction software Covidence. A thematic analysis of the literature will be carried out.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not considered necessary as the aim of this scoping review is to investigate already published materials. Findings will be submitted as scientific papers and at conferences as part of the main project.
What are the effects of implementing patient-controlled admissions in inpatient care? A study protocol of a large-scale implementation and naturalistic evaluation for adult and adolescent patients with severe psychiatric conditions throughout Region Stockholm
Authors: Smitmanis Lyle Maria , Allenius Emelie , Salomonsson Sigrid , Björkdahl Anna , Strand Mattias , Flyckt Lena , Hellner Clara , Lundgren Tobias , Jayaram-Lindström Nitya , Rozental Alexander 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionPatient-controlled admissions (PCAs) represent a change in psychiatric inpatient care where patients are allowed to decide for themselves when hospitalisation might be required. Prior research has demonstrated that PCA increase the number of admissions, but decrease days in inpatient care, while both the admissions to and days in involuntary care decrease. However, investigations have been restricted to specific patient groups and have not examined other possible benefits, such as effects on symptoms, quality of life and autonomy.Methods and analysisThis study explores the implementation process and effects of PCA in Region Stockholm, who is currently introducing PCA for all patients with severe psychiatric conditions and extensive healthcare utilisation. In total, the study comprises approximately 45 inpatient wards, including child and adolescent psychiatry. In a naturalistic evaluation, patients assigned PCA will be followed up to 36 months, both with regard to hospitalisation rates and self-reported outcomes. In addition, qualitative studies will explore the experiences of patients, caregivers of adolescents and healthcare providers.Ethics and disseminationApproval has been granted by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr: 2020-06498). The findings from this study will be disseminated via publications in international peer-reviewed journals, at scientific conferences, as part of two doctoral theses, and through the Swedish Partnership for Mental Health.Trial registration numberNCT04862897.
ENDS advertising expenditures in English language media in the USA, 2015–2020
Authors: Welding Kevin , Marynak Kristy L , Trigger Sarah , Kelley Dannielle , Jewler Lena , Kennedy Ryan David 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundElectronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) advertising is associated with ENDS purchase and use. This study assessed trends in ENDS advertisement (ad) expenditures in the USA from 2015 to 2020 overall, by media channel and by advertiser.MethodsData came from Numerator, which conducts surveillance of ads and estimates expenditures. The estimates are dollars spent (adjusted to 2020) by the advertiser for each ad occurrence for print, radio, television and digital (online, mobile) media channels. ENDS ad expenditures were assessed by quarter, media channel and the top five advertisers based on ad occurrences.ResultsOverall ENDS ad expenditures increased from $38 million in 2015 to $217 million in 2019 before decreasing to a low of $22 million in 2020. By media channel, print expenditures led the channels with more than twice as much spent as television, four times more than radio and 10 times more than digital. By advertiser, JUUL led in ENDS ad expenditures from 2015 to 2020 with almost $189 million spent, followed by British American Tobacco (BAT, $105 million) and Imperial Tobacco ($62 million).ConclusionsOverall ad expenditures were relatively stable from 2015 to mid-2018 when large expenditures by JUUL and subsequent expenditures by BAT and Imperial Tobacco led to expenditure highs in 2019. E-cigarette and vaping-associated lung injury (EVALI), the JUUL self-imposed ad suspension and COVID-19 likely all played a role in advertising lows in 2020. The absence of popular Puff Bar brand ads from the traditional media channels studied highlights the importance of monitoring direct and indirect advertising on newer media channels like social media.
Effects of non-standard interaction on microscopic black holes from ultra-high energy neutrinos
Authors: Alok Ashutosh Kumar , Sarkar Trisha , Yadav Shweta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIf the universe has more than 4-dimensions, the TeV scale gravity theories predict formation of microscopic black holes due to interaction of ultra high energy neutrinos coming from some extragalactic origin with the nucleons present in the Earth’s atmosphere. The decay of these black holes can generate high multiplicity events which can be detected through neutrino telescopes. Ultra high energy neutrinos can also produce events without the formation of black holes which can be distinguished from the black hole events depending on their topological structure. In this work we study the effects of non-standard interaction on the production of these shower events. We find that new physics has inconsequential impact on the number of events produced through the generation of black holes. For events produced without the formation of black holes, new physics can only provide a marginal deviation. Therefore a large enhancement in the number of shower events over the standard model prediction can provide unambiguous signatures of TeV scale gravity in the form of microscopic black hole production.