bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KOTORAN TERNAK SEBAGAI BIOGAS YANG RAMAH LINGKUNGAN DAN BERKELANJUTAN
Authors: Mangiwa Septiani 
Published: May 2022

The need for fuel continues to increase along with population growth and development of the times. But what happens when this is fossil fuel supplies continue to decline. Therefore, it is necessary to find an alternative that can provide renewable fuels and environmentally friendly. One form of alternative energy that has the prospective to be developed is biogas. Biogas can be obtained by making use of livestock manure. Moreover, in the manufacture of biogas, also produced fertilizer which can be used for plant fertility. Do counseling / guidance and knowledge transfer to the public to utilize the manure waste as biogas instead of wood fuel / kerosene and manure that are environmentally friendly and provide an example to the community about how to make a tool of sewage treatment of livestock manure into biogas as appropriate technology affordable by the public as a form of community service. This event was held for groups of pig farmers in Konya, Village Hedam, Heram District Jayapura City in the form of counseling / guidance and training to the community by using the method of lecture, discussion, question and answer, demonstration and practice of waste processing pig manure into biogas. Keywords: Biogas, fossil, fuel, environment, wood fuel
Population estimates of biomarkers of exposure to carbon monoxide, nicotine, and NNK in smokers and non-smokers
Authors: Ayala-Fierro Felix , Verron Thomas , Lizhnyak Pavel , Freeland Robert , Frost-Pineda Kimberly , Elamin Ashraf , Prasad Gaddamanugu , Sarkar Mohamadi 
Published: May 2022

Assessment of potentially reduced risk tobacco products (PRRPs) can be facilitated with availability of a single baseline population estimate for biomarkers of exposure (BOEs) for select constituents in cigarette smoke. The purpose of this analysis is to establish such a population estimate for BOEs to carbon monoxide (carboxyhemoglobin - COHb), nicotine (Nicotine Equivalents - NEQ), and nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK; total urinary 4-[methylnitrosamino]-1-[3-pyridyl]-1-butanol [NNAL] - NNAL) based on pooled weighted average from published literature.

Four databases - PubMed®, ScienceDirect®, TOXNET®, and Google Scholar™ – were systematically searched for published literature between 2008-2020 based on a protocol for literature assessment to identify and select studies. A total of 217 scientific articles were identified and reviewed for potential inclusion, 87 studies met the pre-set criteria (reported clinical studies and/or observational studies with reportable original values), and 53 studies met the inclusion criteria for each BOE. We determined the pooled weighted average based on Epanechnikov kernel density curves. The NNAL levels were normalized to a unit (pmol/mg creatinine) commonly used in research studies and reported as geometric means.

Smokers had significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of NNAL (1.112 pmol/mg creatinine; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.161, 2.047), COHb (5.21 % saturation; 95% CI 3.91, 6.00), and NEQ (13.81 mg/24 h; 95% CI 9.08, 21.19)compared to non-smokers (0.008 pmol/mg creatinine, 95% CI 0.001, 0.017 for NNAL; 1.05% saturation, 95% CI 0.04, 2.07 for COHb; and 0.058 mg/24 h, 95% CI 0.016, 0.112 for NEQ) This research addresses the existing gap in lack of population level estimates for BOEs by establishing population level estimates for COHb, NEQ, and NNAL that can be used to determine changes in exposure for smokers switching to PRRPs.
НАГОРОДИ — ДЖЕРЕЛА ПІЗНАННЯ ІСТОРІЇ
Authors: Мисько Сергій 
Published: May 2022

У статті висвітлено основні джерела та нормативні документи, які передували зародженню військової нагородної системи від Української Народної Республіки до сучасних днів.
Існуючі джерела в повній мірі дають сучасним історикам-фалеристам уявлення про кропітку роботу, проведену громадськими та військовими діячами всіх часів під час процесів державотворення України щодо започаткування власної нагородної системи для відзначення своїх військовослужбовців.
Завдяки дослідженню вдалося розкрити нові сторінки в історії нормативного зародження фалеристики Збройних Сил України, вималювати чітку хронологічну послідовність створення та розвитку нагородної системи Збройних Сил України на різних етапах.
Ключові слова: фалеристика Збройних Сил України, нормативна база фалеристики Збройних Сил України, Українська Народна Республіка.
СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ КОНТРРОЗВІДКИ СЛУЖБИ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ: ДО 30-Ї РІЧНИЦІ СТВОРЕННЯ
Authors: Левченко Сергій 
Published: May 2022

У статті здійснено наукове узагальнення організаційно-функціонального становлення військової контррозвідки Служби безпеки України у 1991–2021 роках, змісту й основних результатів її діяльності із контррозвідувального забезпечення військових формувань України. Доведено, що у розглянутий історичний період, відповідно до завдань та обов’язків, визначених Законами України «Про Службу безпеки України», «Про контррозвідувальну діяльність», військова контррозвідка (ВКР) здійснювала контррозвідувальне забезпечення військових формувань України, вживаючи оперативно-службових заходів із попередження, виявлення і припинення розвідувально-підривної діяльності спеціальних служб іноземних держав, а також організацій, окремих груп та осіб проти ЗС України та інших військових формувань України.
Ключові слова: національна безпека, військова контррозвідка, військові формування України, контррозвідувальне забезпечення.
РОЛЬ ВОЛОНТЕРСЬКОГО РУХУ У ЗМІЦНЕННІ ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛ УКРАЇНИ ТА ОБОРОНОЗДАТНОСТІ ДЕРЖАВИ
Authors: Стасюк Юрій , Томчук Олександр 
Published: May 2022

У статті аналізується історія виникнення та значення волонтерського руху у відновленні ЗС України та зміцненні обороноздатності держави. Автори зазначають, що надання волонтерської допомоги ЗС України у скрутні часи для держави є унікальним явищем, притаманним українському народові. Подано історію зародження сучасного волонтерського руху та основні напрями діяльності волонтерів у ЗС України. Наголошується на всенародному характері волонтерства, його значенні у відсічі російській агресії проти України. Автори аналізують нормативну базу руху допомоги ЗС України, наводять приклади допомоги українським збройним формуванням.
Ключові слова: Збройні Сили України, волонтери, волонтерський рух,
благодійність, волонтерські та благодійні організації.
РОЗВИТОК НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВОЇ БАЗИ З ПИТАНЬ ЗАДОВОЛЕННЯ РЕЛІГІЙНИХ ПОТРЕБ ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛ УКРАЇНИ У 1991–2017 РОКАХ
Authors: Ворощук Олексій , Новікова Валентина 
Published: May 2022

У статті висвітлено деякі історичні аспекти трансформаційних процесів у розвитку нормативно-правової бази з питань задоволення релігійних потреб військовослужбовців Збройних Сил України у період 1991–2017 років, а також їх роль у процесі становлення інституту військового духовенства (капеланської служби) Збройних Сил України.
Зокрема висвітлено сукупність нормативно-правових актів з питань задоволення релігійних потреб військовослужбовців, що регламентували діяльність представників релігійних організацій, а також визначали організацію та спрямованість діяльності структур Збройних Сил України, які відповідали за напрям душпастирської опіки військовослужбовців.
Ключові слова. Українська церква, військово-релігійні відносини, військове духовенство (капеланство), духовне виховання, душпастирська опіка, морально-психологічне забезпечення, задоволення релігійних потреб.
GEOMETRIA NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: UMA ATIVIDADE EM ESPAÇO FORMAL E NÃO FORMAL
Authors: Machado Rosana de Souza , Dorow Thais Scotti do Canto , Leivas José Carlos Pinto 
Published: May 2022

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma atividade realizada no sétimo ano do Ensino Fundamental, que teve como objetivo investigar como os alunos visualizam, reconhecem e classificam formas geométricas planas ao explorarem um ambiente não formal. A fundamentação teórica foi baseada no modelo de desenvolvimento do raciocínio em Geometria de VanHiele. Essa atividade é parte de uma pesquisa que possui o diferencial de que a coleta de dados foi realizada em espaço não formal e, posteriormente, trazida para o espaço formal da sala de aula. Considerando que o desenvolvimento da Ciência Matemática, em particular da Geometria, tem a finalidade de contribuir para a construção do conhecimento matemático, já na primeira fase da escolarização, entende-se que o objetivo de visualizar, reconhecer e classificar formas geométricas planas, ao explorar um ambiente não formal, subsidia o ensino e promove a construção do conhecimento matemático/geométrico. Os resultados mostraram que o reconhecimento de formas geométricas planas, encontradas em um espaço não formal, na natureza e nas construções humanas, permitiram o avanço em níveis do modelo, inclusive, resgatando alunos que não apresentavam rendimento satisfatório em aulas convencionais. Muito embora formas geométricas planas sejamconstrutos mentais, visualizá-las e reconhecer suas propriedades em um ambiente concreto permitiram à professora ensinar outros conteúdos de Geometria, com melhor aprendizagem dos alunos do que em anos anteriores, apenas em sala de aula.
Disease Impact, Diagnostic Delay, and Unmet Medical Needs of Patients With Cholinergic Urticaria in German-Speaking Countries
Authors: Altrichter Sabine , Mellerowicz Emilia , Terhorst-Molawi Dorothea , Grekowitz Eva , Weller Karsten , Maurer Marcus 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundCholinergic urticaria (CholU) is a common type of chronic inducible urticaria. Little is known about the burden of the disease and its unmet medical needs.AimTo characterize the unmet medical needs of patients with CholU.MethodsPatients with CholU (n = 111) took part in a German online survey that assessed their symptoms, diagnostic delay, impact on daily life, quality of life (QoL), and their experience with physician care.ResultsVirtually all patients reported typical signs and symptoms of CholU, i.e., whealing (93.7%) and itching (91.9%), in response to typical trigger situations, such as physical activity, passive warming, or stress. Despite this, patients reported a marked diagnostic delay of 30.2 months (range from 0 to 279 months). Only 38% of the patients received a blood examination, and only 16% underwent provocation testing for diagnosing CholU, as recommended by the international guidelines. Physician contacts were common, but patient satisfaction with their disease management was low. In total, 90.1% of the patients stated to have an uncontrolled disease, resulting in a strong impact on their everyday activities, sleep, and QoL.ConclusionPatients with CholU exhibit many important unmet needs, and improvement in the diagnostic workup and patient care is needed, as are better treatment options.
Conclusion or Illusion: Quantifying Uncertainty in Inverse Analyses From Marker-Based Motion Capture due to Errors in Marker Registration and Model Scaling
Authors: Uchida Thomas K. , Seth Ajay 
Published: May 2022

Estimating kinematics from optical motion capture with skin-mounted markers, referred to as an inverse kinematic (IK) calculation, is the most common experimental technique in human motion analysis. Kinematics are often used to diagnose movement disorders and plan treatment strategies. In many such applications, small differences in joint angles can be clinically significant. Kinematics are also used to estimate joint powers, muscle forces, and other quantities of interest that cannot typically be measured directly. Thus, the accuracy and reproducibility of IK calculations are critical. In this work, we isolate and quantify the uncertainty in joint angles, moments, and powers due to two sources of error during IK analyses: errors in the placement of markers on the model (marker registration) and errors in the dimensions of the model’s body segments (model scaling). We demonstrate that IK solutions are best presented as a distribution of equally probable trajectories when these sources of modeling uncertainty are considered. Notably, a substantial amount of uncertainty exists in the computed kinematics and kinetics even if low marker tracking errors are achieved. For example, considering only 2 cm of marker registration uncertainty, peak ankle plantarflexion angle varied by 15.9°, peak ankle plantarflexion moment varied by 26.6 N⋅m, and peak ankle power at push off varied by 75.9 W during healthy gait. This uncertainty can directly impact the classification of patient movements and the evaluation of training or device effectiveness, such as calculations of push-off power. We provide scripts in OpenSim so that others can reproduce our results and quantify the effect of modeling uncertainty in their own studies.
S2 Heart Sound Detects Aortic Valve Calcification Independent of Hemodynamic Changes in Mice
Authors: Dargam Valentina , Ng Hooi Hooi , Nasim Sana , Chaparro Daniel , Irion Camila Iansen , Seshadri Suhas Rathna , Barreto Armando , Danziger Zachary C. , Shehadeh Lina A. , Hutcheson Joshua D. 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundCalcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is often undiagnosed in asymptomatic patients, especially in underserved populations. Although artificial intelligence has improved murmur detection in auscultation exams, murmur manifestation depends on hemodynamic factors that can be independent of aortic valve (AoV) calcium load and function. The aim of this study was to determine if the presence of AoV calcification directly influences the S2 heart sound.MethodsAdult C57BL/6J mice were assigned to the following 12-week-long diets: (1) Control group (n = 11) fed a normal chow, (2) Adenine group (n = 4) fed an adenine-supplemented diet to induce chronic kidney disease (CKD), and (3) Adenine + HP (n = 9) group fed the CKD diet for 6 weeks, then supplemented with high phosphate (HP) for another 6 weeks to induce AoV calcification. Phonocardiograms, echocardiogram-based valvular function, and AoV calcification were assessed at endpoint.ResultsMice on the Adenine + HP diet had detectable AoV calcification (9.28 ± 0.74% by volume). After segmentation and dimensionality reduction, S2 sounds were labeled based on the presence of disease: Healthy, CKD, or CKD + CAVD. The dataset (2,516 S2 sounds) was split subject-wise, and an ensemble learning-based algorithm was developed to classify S2 sound features. For external validation, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the algorithm to classify mice were 0.9940 for Healthy, 0.9717 for CKD, and 0.9593 for CKD + CAVD. The algorithm had a low misclassification performance of testing set S2 sounds (1.27% false positive, 1.99% false negative).ConclusionOur ensemble learning-based algorithm demonstrated the feasibility of using the S2 sound to detect the presence of AoV calcification. The S2 sound can be used as a marker to identify AoV calcification independent of hemodynamic changes observed in echocardiography.
Mineral-specific Quantitative Element Mapping Applied to Visualization of Geochemical Variation in Glauconitic Clasts
Authors: Keulen Nynke , Weibel Rikke , Malkki Sebastian N. 
Published: May 2022

The geochemical composition of glauconitic clasts is a provenance marker to distinguish the origin of gravity flows in sedimentary basins. Their geochemical variation is visible in major and trace elements composition, where the former can be visualized by element mapping of glauconitic clasts. By applying automated quantitative mineralogy on a Scanning Electron Microscope equipped with the ZEISS Mineralogic™ software platform, we developed a new way to visualize the element distribution in selected minerals, while masking out the other minerals simultaneously. This software applies energy dispersive spectroscopy spectrum deconvolution for each analysis point, therefore quantitative concentrations (wt%) of each element are determined for each pixel and visualized in the false-coloured element map with reproducible results for individual grains and zonations in these grains. The investigated glauconitic clasts were collected from eleven drill cores, covering a 1400 m-depth interval, and crosscutting four different gravity flow members. The clasts show three different trends: first, cores of glauconitic clasts show a variation of compositions that are mainly dependent on the conditions during their formation. This is most visible for Si and Al. Secondly, the composition of the glauconitic clasts changes with depth, their cores become first more, than less Fe-rich and more K-rich. This is probably an alteration effect, depending on temperature, and therefore mineral stability. And, thirdly, most glauconitic clasts are zoned, where rims are richer in Al and poorer in Fe and K. The visualization of the chemical variation in the glauconitic clasts proofs to be a useful tool to separate these conflicting element exchange processes.
Effects of Lithospheric Properties on Crustal Strain at Both Ends of Longmen Shan Orogenic Belt: Based on Numerical Simulation
Authors: Shen Tuo , Xu Xiwei , Li Yujiang , Huang Luyuan , Rogozhin E. A. , Wang Qixin , Kang Wenjun , Lei Xiaoqiong 
Published: May 2022

Strain partitioning and accommodation are fundamental constraints to evaluate tectonic models of orogenic plateaus. The uplift mechanism issue of the eastern Tibetan Plateau has remained a long-term focus since the last century, namely, the steep uplift of the Longmen Shan area. Several tectonic models have been proposed to describe the uplift process of the central Longmen Shan area along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Such as upper crustal shortening, mid-crustal channel flow, and whole-crust shearing. However, these models are typically examined through vertical differences. Geophysical, geological, remote sensing and geochemistry observation data indicate that there occur not only vertical differences but also obvious horizontal differences along the Longmen Shan orogenic belt. Based on the finite element method, we employed two-dimensional profiles crossed northern and southern Longmen Shan fault to reconstruct the uplift process of the Longmen Shan orogenic belt. The mechanical properties of the lithosphere south of the Longmen Shan orogenic belt were slightly less favorable than those of the lithosphere north of the Longmen Shan orogenic belt. For the better fitting result in the southern part viscosity of lower crust is less than 1021 Pa∙s and in the northern part viscosity of lower crust is around 1022 Pa∙s. The uplift processes in the upper and lower crust of the Longmen Shan orogenic belt were partially decoupled. The deformation of lithosphere in the northern Longmen Shan orogenic belt is smaller than it in southern Longmen Shan orogenic belt. Due to that the rigid Ruoergai block maybe resists the formation of a weak layer or enters of weak materials to the northern Longmen Shan block, resulting in the observed difference in lithospheric properties between the northern and southern Longmen Shan blocks.
Genetic Evidence Supporting a Causal Role of Snoring in Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Xiong Yang , Zhong Xin , Zhang Fuxun , Wang Wei , Zhang Yangchang , Wu Changjing , Qin Feng , Yuan Jiuhong 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThe association between snoring and erectile dysfunction (ED) is inconsistent in multiple observational studies. To clarify the causal association of snoring on ED, we performed this two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Materials and MethodsThe single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with snoring were retrieved from the UK biobank cohort with 314,449 participants (117,812 cases and 196,637 controls). The summary statistics of ED were obtained from the European ancestry with 223,805 subjects (6,175 cases and 217,630 controls). Single-variable Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable MR were used to assess the causal relationship between snoring and ED.ResultsSnoring increases the risk of ED (Odds ratio [OR] = 3.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.68 - 7.09, P &lt; 0.001) in the inverse variance weighting estimator. In sensitivity analyses, the ORs for the weighted median, MR robust adjusted profile score, and MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier approach, MR-Egger, and maximum likelihood method are 5.70 (95% CI = 1.19 - 27.21, P &lt; 0.05), 3.14 (95% CI = 1.01 - 9.72, P &lt; 0.05), 3.11 (95% CI = 1.63 - 5.91, P &lt; 0.01), 1.23 (95% CI = 0.01 – 679.73, P &gt; 0.05), and 3.59 (95% CI = 1.07 – 12.00, P &lt; 0.05), respectively. No heterogeneity and pleiotropy are observed (P for MR-Egger intercept = 0.748; P for global test = 0.997; P for Cochran’s Q statistics &gt; 0.05). After adjusting for total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and cigarette consumption, the ORs for ED are 5.75 (95% CI = 1.80 - 18.34, P &lt; 0.01), 4.16 (95% CI = 1.10 - 15.81, P &lt; 0.05), 5.50 (95% CI = 1.62 - 18.69, P &lt; 0.01), and 2.74 (95% CI = 1.06 - 7.10, P &lt; 0.05), respectively.ConclusionThis study provides genetic evidence supporting the causal role of snoring in ED.
Variations in Soil C, N, P Stocks and Stoichiometry With Soil Depth and Forest Types in Qilian Mountains of Northwest China
Authors: Rahman Mujibur , Wang Yanhui , Zhang Kebin , Ahmad Bilal , Ali Ashfaq , Ahamd Adnan , Muhammad Dost , Afzaal Muhammad , Zhang Ziyou , Bohnett Eve 
Published: May 2022

Forests ecosystem plays a significant role in supplying multiple services given the unique properties of forest soils, in which the elements of C, N, and P are essential to support soil fertility and site productivity. However, soil properties at different soil depths between plantation forests (PF) and natural forests (NF) have not been well quantified. Therefore, the current study was carried out in the Qilian Mountains of northwest China to determine the difference between PF and NF in the soil properties, both physical (e.g., bulk density, BD) and chemical (e.g., pH value, the contents, stocks, and stoichiometry of soil organic carbon (SOC), total N (TN), and total P (TP)). Research analyzed soil samples at different depths (0–20, 20–40, 40–60, 60–80, and 80–100 cm). The results showed that the soils’ pH values and BD were significantly higher (p≤ 0.05) in PF than in NF and increased with soil depth. The contents of SOC, TN, and TP decreased considerably with soil depth and then stabilized at the soil depth of 80–100 cm. The NF showed significantly higher (p≤ 0.05) SOC, TN, and TP contents than PF, confirming that the soil quality of PF had not fully recovered yet. The stocks of SOC and TN quickly decreased with soil depth up to 40–60 cm and stabilized gradually. Additionally, the soil stoichiometry of C:P and N:P decreased significantly with rising soil depth, while the C:N ratio remained unchanged. The N:P and C:P ratios were lower in PF than in NF, while the C:N ratio was higher in PF than in NF. In conclusion, the results show that the soils of NF present significantly higher stocks of SOC and TN but lower (or nearly equal) TP stocks than PF (under the same age group and tree species composition). These results imply that maintaining NF and avoiding their replacement by PF can help keep higher soil quality and related ecosystem services.