bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic Dust Removal for Solar Panels
Authors: Al Teneiji Shamma Saleh , Al Teneiji Sherooq Saleh 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The world is evolving and developing in various sectors to enhance life which in return is increasing the energy requirements. The development of sustainable energy sources has increased over the years in order to preserve the fossil fuel energy resources such as coal, oil, natural gas, wood etc. which will reduce greenhouse gas emissions and accordingly protect the environment.
As the world moves toward sustainable solutions of clean energy resources for a more environmentally friendly life, the utilization of solar energy has increased. Subsequently, Photovoltaics (PV) panels usage increased tremendously in the recent years. the high efficiency of the PVs is highly impacted by the dust build up causing a big decrease of output power in power output which could reach up to 50% power loss with dust accumulation of 5 mg/cm2 as it be discussed later in paper.
The objective of this paper is to present one of the proposed solutions for cleaning the solar panels and as a result enhance the absorption of solar power and the efficiency of the PV panels. The solution is a waterless approach for dust removal from solar panels using electrostatic induction. This is a new technology which is experimentally tested.
The new technology is a development to Electrodynamic Screens (EDS) technology where particles are electrically conducted actively charged like conductive iron particles where particle lift-off happens when the applied voltage reaches a threshold value that enables particles to overcome the force that adhere them on the surface.
Implementing this technology shall provide a sustainable solution that can be implemented anywhere specially areas where it is difficult to transport water or visit regularly for cleaning.
The technology is still in experimental stages not established or implemented in any existing system. Results are based on theoretical calculation, experimental lab prototype, and conclusions.
Cost Effective Decommissioning Liability Solutions for Offshore Structures
Authors: Boondao Isara 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to provide an outline of current decommissioning guidelines andtypical practices, and to explore cost effective ways in which companies can navigate through this multifaceted process. This is demonstrated via a revealing case study which illuminates an optimum, cost effective decommissioning methodology for offshore facilities and structures, which is closely aligned with emerging decommissioning guidelines and regulations and with industry best practices.
Decommissioning is governed by local regulations and is triggered by a number of specific factors, such as when the remaining reserves are less than 40%, or when the concession has a remaining period of less than 5 years, or in some cases when production has ceased. Normally, at some points in the process, security deposits are placed by the operator, which can be significant. Since this cost is seen as a liability and is based on an estimated decommissioning costs, a cost effective, yet regulatory compliant solution is required. This paper discusses various best practice technical strategies for decommissioning, which can be applied in the South East Asia (SEA) region, and throughout the world. The strategies proposed can result in an estimated operator saving of over 30% over the entire decommissioning execution expenditure. The processes that are discussed are included in the typical steps of preliminary design, detailed design and execution.
Technoeconomic Considerations for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Projects
Authors: Pun Betty Kong Ling , Abazajian Armen , Vlachopoulou Maria , Kamel Tarik Ihab 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
OGCI Climate Investments is an investment organization that specializes in methane, efficiency, and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). The team has evaluated many carbon capture and storage (CCS) development stage projects involving elements of the capture, compression, transport, and storage value chain. A set of tools has been formulated for high-level cost estimates that can be used to sense-check developer proposals. The cost tools use publicly available CapEx and OpEx information and engineering best practices for cost-scaling methodologies.
Cost models are constructed in a modular approach, with solvent-based CO2 capture, compression/dehydration, transport, and storage elements, and associated fixed and variable OpEx. The CO2 capture scope is further disaggregated into inside boundary limits (ISBL) and outside boundary limits (OSBL) estimates.
This cost tool has proven to be useful in due diligence exercises for evaluating the merits of proposed projects for investment. Different configurations evaluated include post-combustion carbon capture projects from a variety of flue gas sources with different CO2 concentrations and at different scales, number of parallel trains of equipment, strategies for waste heat, steam or cooling utility supply, configurations to aggregate capture equipment from various sources or to gather CO2 from facilities, disaggregation of equipment in the value chain, etc.
This paper provides hypothetical case studies to illustrate how such cost estimating provides useful insights into the economic viability of different types of projects at various levels of incentives. It also discusses limitations and development trends, such as commodity cycles and related engineering, procurement, and construction costs.
An Overview of Retrofitting Abandoned Petroleum Wells for Geothermal Energy Production
Authors: Ashena Rahman 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Geothermal energy is considered a reliable, sustainable and abundant source of energy with minimized environmental impact. The extracted geothermal energy may be utilized for direct heating, or electricity generation. The main challenge to access this energy is tremendous capital expenditures required for drilling and completion. Therefore, this work discusses and evaluates retrofitting abandoned petroleum wells to geothermal as a commonly proposed solution to the mentioned challenge.
There are many oil and gas wells globally which are not used for production, injection or other purposes. Well abandonment is commonly considered as an essential measure to ensure safety and integrity of these wells, bearing huge costs and concerns for the petroleum industry. By converting abandoned or non-activated oil and gas wells to geothermal wells, it is claimed to be possible to produce geothermal energy and generate power. As a crucial stage for the claim verification and evaluation of feasibility or efficiency of this conversion, it is important to be aware of the practical and simulation case studies.
Therefore, in this work, this work presents a comprehensive overview and analysis of 20 case studies published from different countries, followed by important downhole and surface parameters. As for the downhole characteristics, production scenarios either open-loop or closed-loop, optimization of open-loop systems, borehole heat exchangers with their different types and dimensions, and insulations are covered. Next, surface cycles including organic Rankine cycle (ORCs), selection of circulation fluids, flow rates, and working fluids are covered, followed by produced and net powers with evaluation of coefficient of performance (COP) and thermal efficiency. This investigation shows there is good potential for producing geothermal energy from abandoned and non-activated petroleum wells.
Netzero Targets, Carbon Neutral Production… Yes You Can!
Authors: Eric Koenig 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We claim decarbonization of Oil & Gas operations is feasible without major technology breakthrough. It first relies on energy efficiency and digitization, to help reduce the emissions amount and improve control. It can be completed by massive process electrification. The latter is initiated in some sectors, from pipeline compressors to FPSOs or LNG plants. It is being explored for process heating applications. We describe the approaches, hurdles, necessary development and changes in industry mindsets.
We have analyzed in depth more than thirty ‘low hanging’ decarbonization tracks. These start with the right GHG assessment and performance tool, based on the saying that you can't improve what you don't measure. These tracks are technically available and feasible today. They are compared in terms of feasibility in brownfield & greenfield, implementation costs, timeline & risks, as well as ROI and CO2_OI (Return On Investment and CO2 impact reduction On Investment).
We also identify several design paradigm shifts, applicable for all greenfield projects and provide some practical examples, from fully remote operations to flaring elimination. These design paradigm shifts are evaluated in terms of feasibility, ease of deployment and suggestions are made on how to integrate them in design and operations philosophy.
One major such shift is the need for Demand Side Flexibility when embarking on large heater electrification. We describe several approaches to address that.
We eventually analyze approaches such as CCUS, Green or Blue Hydrogen which are often the only ones considered for process decarbonization. We identify the pros and cons of these approaches and assess their real long-term financial sustainability.
Potential for Permanent CO2 Geological Storage, an Onshore Abu Dhabi Large Scale Assessment
Authors: Xu Siqing , Baslaib Mohamed , Keebali Aaesha , Para Humberto , BinAmro Ahmed 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCCS technologies are well established, many ongoing projects have proven to be safe and reliable. Saline aquifers can be leading CO2 permanent storage candidates. A comprehensive multi-discipline study was carried out looking at the potential for CO2 sequestration in deep saline aquifer formations onshore Abu Dhabi. The area of interest is large in scale (regional scale) and consists of multi saline aquifer formations. The study has the added complexity that the same saline aquifer formations may be shared with near-by hydrocarbon exploration and production activities. The objectives were to analyze available geological data, define screening, selection and ranking criteria, identify key constraining factors especially concerning CO2 containment assurance, and arrive at regional storage capacity range estimates.Considerable amount of geological data and studies are available, which can assist with regional Onshore Abu Dhabi saline aquifer formation geological characterization for CO2 storage assessment. The characterization synthesis forms the study basis. A benchmarking was conducted, published screening and selection processes were reviewed. By incorporating key formation geological characteristics, a list of potential formation candidates were generated.A new set of guidelines for large scale (regional saline aquifer) CO2 storage candidate screening is proposed, based on the earlier guidelines set out in DOE/NETL-2017/1844 (2017). Detailed considerations and evaluation during the screening process are presented. A new candidate ranking and selection matrix is proposed. Highest ranked candidates from the ranking and selection exercise were identified. Dedicated regional scale 3D saline aquifer formations static model was constructed, and compositional simulation model developed for CO2 sequestration capturing the key CO2 sequestration processes/mechanisms. Storage capacity estimates were obtained from the dynamic model - the results published separately.Large scale (regional saline aquifer) CO2 storage candidate screening, ranking and selection is a challenging process with many inherent uncertainties. It carries critical importance as the results and recommendations would pave the way for further feasibility or detailed studies and the definition of de- risking activities. It requires multi-discipline input and forms the corner stone for large CO2 storage project development. The study approach, new candidate screening guidelines, ranking and selection matrix may offer discernment for Operators planning similar assessments.
Accelerating the Path to Net Zero with Blue Hydrogen: A Route to Achieving Best-In-Class Environmental Performance and Economics
Authors: Hardy Robert , Vijh Neha 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Most major economies around the world have committed to meeting ambitious net zero targets by 2050. As a versatile, clean and safe energy carrier, hydrogen is expected to play a crucial role in the transition to net zero. Large-scale, economic production of low carbon hydrogen is essential for the mass decarbonisation process, and this is especially true for hard-to-abate sectors such as the steel, cement and chemical industries, as well as dispatchable power, domestic heating and transport.
To accelerate the energy transition, Johnson Matthey (JM) has developed a unique carbon capture and storage (CCS)-enabled hydrogen production process that economically delivers very low carbon intensity hydrogen, commonly known as ‘blue’ hydrogen. The flowsheet combines a gas-heated reformer (GHR) and autothermal reformer (ATR), and provides a more energy efficient process than both conventional steam methane reforming (SMR) and flowsheets that deploy a stand-alone ATR, ultimately resulting in a higher hydrogen yield and reducing natural gas consumption.
JM's GHR-ATR blue hydrogen technology makes decarbonisation via CCS easier and cheaper than using an SMR. By delivering a CO2 capture rate of over 95%, the technology provides significant benefits compared with SMR and alternative ATR technologies.
Compared with conventional SMR, JM's GHR-ATR blue hydrogen technology demonstrates: Natural gas consumption – 10% lowerCO2 produced – 10% lessCapital cost for the CO2 capture system – 75% lower
Use of JM's unique GHR-ATR blue hydrogen technology will future-proof and de-risk projects by minimising the impact of rising feedstock, CO2 transmission and storage costs, as well as potential governmental schemes for carbon taxation. This process will enable hard-to-abate sectors to reduce Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions by decarbonising their operations, accelerate the energy transition by producing clean hydrogen for consumers, ensure the viability of the plant for the future, and demonstrate commitment to sustainability.
JM's GHR-ATR blue hydrogen technology has been selected for deployment by HyNet North-West, the United Kingdom's first low carbon hydrogen plant. The 300 MW plant is expected to be built in the UK in 2026 (pending the final investment decision), and will provide hydrogen to industrial and eventually domestic customers.
Strategies for Reducing & Monetizing Fugitive Methane Emissions from Natural Gas Infrastructure
Authors: Diezinger Stefan , Chhibber Gautam , Siasios Georgios 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Energy-intensive sectors like oil & gas and process industry are under intense pressure to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, most notably methane, which has 28-34 times the global warming potential (GWP) of CO2. Though once generally accepted as a normal part of operation, fugitive methane emissions have come under significant scrutiny in recent years. Efforts to mitigate fugitive emissions are now a key requirement for future-oriented and optimized energy systems.
Today, there are a wide range of technologies that operators can leverage to address fugitive methane emissions from their activities. Generally, these can be broken down into four distinct categories: Solutions for continuous monitoring & detection – Covers technologies that can be employed to detect and measure fugitive emissions, including those that are unplanned (i.e., leaks).Solutions for emissions capture and reuse – Covers technologies that can be used to capture fugitive methane emissions that are a byproduct of normal operation (i.e., leakage across compressor seals). The methane can then potentially be monetized through reinjection into the process stream or utilized in onsite gas turbines or boilers for power and/or heat generation.Solutions for emissions reduction – Covers solutions for reducing leak rates of equipment, particularly across sealsSolutions for emissions prevention – Covers technologies that can be deployed proactively to prevent fugitive methane emissions releases that occur as a result of venting, blowdown, and maintenance.
This paper describes several solutions across these categories which are well-proven/established. The paper will also discuss recent global initiatives to curb fugitive methane emissions and how these initiatives may impact the regulatory framework as the Energy Transition progresses.
Large Scale PEMS for Tracking GHG and Criteria Pollutants
Authors: Nielsen Jan Sandvig , Weel Mogens , Falkenberg Magnus 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper describes a system approach for monitoring greenhouse gasses (CO2, CH4, N2O) and air pollutants (NOx, CO, SO2 etc.) based on Predictive Emission Monitoring Systems. It describes the fundamental principle of PEMS technology including new work related to methane monitoring. Results are presented demonstrating the capabilities of the system to accurately monitor methane and other emissions from large number of emission sources.
There is a particular focus om methane (CH4) emission. Methane is a very powerful greenhouse gas that over a 20-year period is 80 times more potent at warming than CO2. Addressing monitoring and setting up reduction targets has become a top priority by major oil and gas companies. This paper describes an approach that can be used to address the needs from the oil and gas industry.
The studies conducted demonstrate that methane emissions vary significantly between emission sources and between operation conditions for a single combustion unit. This highlights the need for having an online system that measure the actual emissions based on actual operating conditions.
Experience In Onshore and Offshore CCS Development
Authors: Tucker Owain David , Seldon Lesley Rantel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Over the past fifteen years Shell have explored for, and developed, onshore storage at Quest in Alberta, Canada, and progressed offshore storage in a depleted field to final investment level. We are now developing new projects both onshore and offshore, in aquifers and depleted fields. This paper describes the projects and the integrated value chains – and highlight the differences between developing hydrocarbon resources where the subsurface is the upstream and the prime driver of value, and CO2 storage resources where the subsurface is effectively the downstream, and value is derived from the CO2 sources which are now the "upstream". The experience in developing regulations and projects in partnership with regulators is then outlined and linked to the subsurface technical work. We describe how the technical work builds upon and extends normal hydrocarbon workflows.
Key aspects of exploring for saline formation/aquifer storage and depleted field storage are discussed and some of the key challenges of managing the CO2 phase envelope in depleted fields are described. The balance of uncertainty between aquifer storage and depleted field storage is explained, with particular emphasis on the often-neglected challenge of inaccessible wellbores. We have successfully developed onshore storage that, by the time of the conference, will have injected over 7Mt of CO2 sourced from decarbonisation of hydrogen manufacture. In the UK we developed and submitted storage permit applications, and full FEED studies were executed, for depleted field storage. However, this project was halted when Government priorities changed. This has formed the groundwork for multiple new operated projects in North America and Europe. The startup and injection experience from onshore storage in Quest in Alberta, Canada will be presented.
Developing CCS projects relies on many of our petroleum engineering and geoscience domains of expertise and can, at first glance, look similar, but there are key differences, for example in containment, capacity, phase behaviour, sustained injectivity, and permitting. These novel aspects must not be neglected and require new analytical approaches. Many new entrants appear to be underestimating these challenges.
Disruptive Innovation in People Development
Authors: Khan Haroon 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
"People are our biggest assets" is a common statement by top leaders however in their entity balance sheet people are listed as expenses which can be reduced, replaced or even eliminated. In current processes, people could face disciplinary actions when their attendance shows they have less worked hours. The typical HR doesn't consider even if they work close to burnout daily. On the other hand low productive employee has no HR issues if they meet clock in and clock out requirements.
Effective processes are not used to identify learning needs and provide just in time effective learning solutions. People are sent to external (vendor) trainings and they return unchanged. The trust level in the organization is low. A visible generation gaps where the leadership is unable to capitalize on next generation for collective organizational success. In order to truly engage current work force, we need to re-think beyond current practices and bring new concepts to transform an organization as competent, dynamic & outcome focused.
One of the concept of this transformation journey is to replace organization structure from functional to project based. Departments and functions or divisions are to be converted to projects and each year projects are awarded as yearly goals based on company strategy. Employees are assigned to projects to complete them as one team. The progress and performance of employees is monitored through the appraisal system not only by the success of the assigned goals but the active participation and contribution of any employee in those project goals.
Job titles are eliminated and people work under project titles to enhance collaboration and flexibility. Job descriptions are replaced by competencies. Each project is created based on required resources, competencies and minimum required hours which are validated to ensure employees are fully occupied & engaged. Flexible working hours are introduced keeping required collaboration and project effectiveness. "Skill Trade" concept is introduced where employees will utilize 20 hours per month to learn competencies to enhance their projects.
By introducing skill trade, people will learn from each other (coaching & mentoring) in their areas of passion and to improve their projects. Boosting employee productivity by removing time bound barriers and it will enhance employee collaboration, engagement, commitment & competence.