bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nucleotide Sugar Transporter SLC35A2 Is Involved In Promoting Metastatic Potential Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Cheng Hongxia , Wang Sikai , Yu Kangkang , Li Miaomiao , Zhang Jubo , Guo Kun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Recently, aberrant glycosylation has been recognized to be relate to malignant behaviors of cancer and outcomes of patients in various cancers. SLC35A2 serves as a nucleotide sugar transporter and plays an indispensable role on glycosylation. However, effects of SLC35A2 on malignant behaviors of cancer cells and alteration of cancer cells surface glycosylation profile are still not fully understood, particularly in liver cancer. Hence, from an glycosylation prospective, we assessed the effects of SLC35A2 on malignant behaviors including metastatic potential of liver cancer cells.
Methods
SLC35A2 expression in HCC cells was examined by Western blot and quantitative PCR and was regulated by RNA interference or vectors-mediated transfection. Effects of SLC35A2 expression alteration on malignant behaviors and membrane glycan profile of HCC cells by using respectively invasion, migration, cell adhesion assay and lectins microarray. Co-location among proteins in HCC cells was observed by fluorescence microscope and detected by an in vitro co-immunoprecipitation assay.
Results
SLC35A2 was upregulated in HCC, and associated with poor prognosis of patients. SLC35A2 knockdown led to the decrese of invasion, adhesion, metastasis and the alteration of membrane glycan profile as well as the dysregulated expressions or glycosylation of cell adhesion-related molecules in HCC. Mechanistically, delivery of B4GalT1 to Golgi apparatus required the involvement of SLC35A2 in HCC cells and the site G266 was critical in maintaining the intact activity of B4GalT1.
Conclusion
SLC35A2 plays important roles in promoting HCC metastasis by regulating glycosylation modification on HCC cell surface and inducing cell adhesive ability.
Isolation and Characterization of Halophilic Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria From Marine Sediment, Water, and Coastal Sanddune Plant and It’s Screening for Plant Growth Regulators
Authors: A Mugip Rahaman , Palaniyandi Thirunavukkarasu , Wyson John , Viswanathan Sandhiya , Basker Gomathy , Ranganathan Mohan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) is beneficial bacteria that are colonizing in the plant root and enhance into the plant growth. The use of PGPR is steadily increasing in agriculture and offers an attractive way to replace chemical fertilizers and pesticides. In this present study, PGPR were isolated from marine sediment, marine water and coastal sand dune plants. From that, 480 different bacterial strains were isolated. Antimicrobial activity and screening of enzyme producing bacteria from the aquatic and terrestrial environment acted as plant growth inducer. Among 480 strains, the 14 strains of Pseudomonas sp exhibited the production of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), Extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and antimicrobial activity. This study concluded that PGPR from marine environment can be used as plant growth promoters in agricultural crops.
Vascular endothelial growth factor I/D variant and postmenopausal osteoporosis risk
Authors: Yigit Serbulent , Nursal Ayse Feyda , Nacar Mehmet Can , Tural Ercan , Bahrikarehmi Laleh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a common metabolic bone disorder manifested by low bone mineral density and increased fracture risks in postmenopausal women. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an essential role in bone formation. In this study, we have investigated the potential association between VEGF insertion/deletion (I/D) variant and PMOP in a cohort consisting of Turkish females. Methods: One hundred and fifty females with PMOP and 150 age, and ethnicity matched females were enrolled in this study. -2549 I/D variant of VEGF was analyzed by PCR method. The results of the analysis were evaluated for statistical significance. Results: The frequency of the II, ID and DD genotype was 7.34% versus 6.66%; 67.33% versus 65.34%; and 25.33% versus 28%, in patients and the control group, respectively. The allele frequencies were I: 41% (patients) and 39.4% (controls); D: 59% (patients) and 60.66% (controls). There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of VEGF -2549 I/D variant genotypes and alleles between patients with PMOP and control subjects. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study demonstrates first time that the VEGF -2549 I/D variant might not contribute to the development of PMOP among Turkish population. These findings need confirmation in other ethnic populations.
Transcriptome-wide N6-methyladenosine methylome profiling of Bombyx mori reveals a potential mechanism of epigenetic regulation on diapause
Authors: Chen Yan-Hua , Jiang Tao , Fan Bing-Yan , Zhu Juan , Wang Mei-Xian , Shen Xing-Jia , YaSen AYiNuEr 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Epigenetic regulation may be one of the potential determinants of diapause, which is a strategy for insects to cope with adverse environments and evolution. Epigenetic regulation is multi-dimensional and synergistic, how this combination responds to diapause induced environmental signals and how epigenetic regulation induced by environmental signals precisely regulates insect diapause ware still remain unknown. m6A methylation is one of the most common internal modifications of mRNA, but its regulation on diapause is rarely reported.
Results
In this study, based on fluorescence immunoassay technology, the m6A abundance of total RNA in the pupal stage of bivoltine silkworm (Bombyx mori) QiuFeng, QFHT (incubated at a normal temperature after HCl acid treatment to produce diapause eggs) and QFLT (incubated at 16.5℃,a low temperature after HCl acid treatment to produce non-diapause eggs) were detected to explore the effects of m6A methylation modification on the diapause traits of the silkworm. The results showed that there were 1563 m6A peaks in QFLT and 659 m6A peaks in QFHT, and together 1,984 m6A peaks. The distribution and enrichment of m6A peak in gene functional elements were significantly different between the two groups. In each signaling pathway of QFLT, the gene transcripts with m6A modification were more diverse, and the methylation level was higher than that of QFHT. The period of epigenetic response to diapause-induced environmental signals was much earlier than the period of diapause phenotype formation, and the epigenetic signals undergo multiple accumulation, transmission and transformation, which may be accompanied by the metamorphosis development and transgenerational regulation of B. mori.
Conclusions
m6A methylation modification may be one of the molecular markers of diapause regulation or developmental decision, and its specific role in diapause regulation is of great importance for understanding of insect diapause mechanism.
Comparison of short-term efficiency of endoscopic biliary drainage and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in the treatment of obstructive jaundice caused by hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Zhu Dalong , Zayier Musitafa , Tulahong Alimu , Abuduhelili Abuduhaiwaier , Lu Fashun , Ran Bo , Jiang Tiemin , Shao Yingmei , Aji Tuerganaili 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: For patients with obstructive jaundice caused by cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), drainage methods, including endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) and percutaneous suprahepatic biliary drainage (PTBD), may be applied. Here, this study aims to compare short-term efficiency of primary EBD and PTBD during the treatment process of obstructive jaundice caused by hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA).Methods: Clinical data of 114 patients with obstructive jaundice caused by HCCA were retrospectively analyzed form January 2016 to December 2020. According to treatment options, the patients were divided into EBD group (n=37) and PTBD group (n=77), and 19 pairs of patients were obtained after propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. Liver function, technical success rate, postoperative complications and hospitalization expenses were compared between groups.Results: After PSM analysis all baseline parameters were comparable . Among PTBD group patients, technical success was observed in 75 cases (97.40%), which was found in 26 cases in EBD group (70.27%). The difference in technical success rate between groups was significant (P<0.001). Compared with EBD group, postoperative total bilirubin was significantly decreased in PTBD group (P=0.019), and there was significant difference in the decrease degree between groups (P=0.041). The incidence of postoperative complications (P=0.049) and acute pancreatitis ( P=0.046) in EBD group were higher than those in PTBD group.Conclusion: Compared with EBD, PTBD had higher success rate, greater decrease in total bilirubin level and lower incidence rate of overall postoperative complications and acute pancreatitis. Therefore, PTBD may be given priority in the treatment of obstructive jaundice caused by HCCA.
Prediction of COVID-19 Patients from X-Rays using Ensemble Deep Transfer Learning Techniques
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Kumar Vijay , Gupta Rahul 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Deep learning is very effectively used in the medical field to predict diseases such as pneumonia classification , cancer, and so on. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used to classify the chest X-rays of humans in normal and COVID-19 infected cases. To build a model, pre-trained models and transfer learning is used. In this paper, four pre-trained models VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, and InceptionV3 are ensemble and build a new ensemble model. To train and test a model, a dataset of as many as 720 X-ray images has been used. Less number of images makes us apply image augmentation. The ensemble models such as VGG19 and ResNet50, VGG16 and ResNet50, VGG16 and InceptionV3, and VGG19 and InceptionV3 yield 96.53%, 98.61%, 99.31%, and 100% accuracy respectively.
Model Informed Development of SIM0295 in Gout Patients with Hyperuricemia and Healthy Volunteers Using a Population Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics Approach
Authors: Chen Yueting , Yang Yang , Xu Shansen , Wang Chenyu , Shu Pan , Zhang Xiaoyu , Huang Qin , Kim Jin Sook , Huang Yue , Jiao Zheng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective:
To develop population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) and pharmacodynamics (PopPD) models of SIM0295 and explore potential covariates to inform dosing regimen.
Methods:
Data from four phase I studies, including healthy Korean and Chinese subjects, and two phase IIa studies, including Korean gout patients with hyperuricemia. PopPK and popPD models of SIM0295 were developed using nonlinear mixed effects modeling.
Results:
A total of 195 subjects and 5852 plasma concentrations of SIM0295 were included to perform the PopPK model, and 147 subjects and 3781 concentrations of serum uric acid (sUA) samples were included in the PopPK/PD study. SIM0295 pharmacokinetic was described by the two-compartment model with a four transit compartments absorption and linear elimination, in which the PK parameters were corrected with body weight via an empirical allometric model. Food and food types were identified as factors that significantly affect the absorption rate. PopPK/PD study shown that the final model was investigated using an Emax model with a semi-mechanism of inhibition of sUA reabsorption. The subject status was found significantly influence the volume of distribution of serum uric acid (VU). Compared to healthy subjects, patients have a half lower VU, 246.54L and 144.72L respectively. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated that food and food types had no significant influence on the efficacy of SIM0295 in patients.
Conclusion:
The popPK/PD model quantified characterization of the dose-exposure-response relationship for SIM0295 in patient and healthy subjects. The model may be used to inform dose selection and design of subsequent studies that aim to define SIM0295 safety and efficacy in patients.
Salvianolic acid B inhibits RAW264.7 cell polarization towards M1 type by inhibiting NF-κB and Akt/mTOR pathways
Authors: Zou Tao , Gao Shan , Yu Zhaolan , Zhang Fuyong , Yao Lan , Xu Mengyao , Li Junxin , Wu Zhigui , Huang Yilan , Wang Shurong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
M1 macrophages can secrete a large number of pro-inflammatory factor and promote the expansion of atherosclerosis plaque and process. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) has anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and other effects, but there is no study on whether Sal B can regulate the polarization of macrophages to exert anti-atherosclerosis effect. Therefore, the present study is investigating the inhibition of Sal B in the process of M1 macrophages polarization and its underlying mechanism. The effects of different treatments on cell viability, expression and secretion of related proteins, phenotypic markers and cytokines were detected by MTT, Western blot assay, RT-qPCR and ELISA. The cell viability was no significantly change when the concentration of Sal B is under 200 µM, and LPS (100 ng/mL) + IFN-γ (2.5 ng/mL) successfully induced M1 polarization. RT-qPCR and ELISA results indicated that Sal B can down-regulate the M1 markers (iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-6), and upregulate the M2 markers (Arg-1 and IL-10). Western blot was used to detect the expression of NF-κB, p-Akt, p-mTOR, LC3-II, Beclin-1, and p62, which suggested that Sal B inhibits RAW264.7 macrophages to M1 polarization by promoting autophagy in nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. The present study indicated that Sal B inhibits macrophages to M1 polarization by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and down-regulating Akt/mTOR to promote autophagy.
Global mitigation efforts cannot neglect emerging emitters
Authors: Cui Can , Guan Dabo , Wang Daoping , Meng Jing , Chemutai Vicky , Brenton Paul , Zhang Shaohui , Shan Yuli , Zhang Qiang , Davis Steven 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
International efforts to avoid dangerous climate change have historically focused on reducing energy-related CO2 emissions from countries with either the largest economies (e.g., the EU and the U.S.) and/or the largest populations (e.g., China and India). However, in recent years, emissions have surged among a different and much less-examined group of countries, raising concerns that a next generation of high-emitting economies will obviate current mitigation targets. Here, we analyze the trends and drivers of emissions in each of the 59 countries where emissions 2010-2018 grew faster than the global average (excluding China and India), project their emissions under a range of longer-term energy scenarios, and estimate the costs of decarbonization pathways. Total emissions from these “emerging emitters” reach as much as 7.5 Gt CO2/year in the baseline 2.5° scenario— substantially greater than the emissions from these regions in previously published scenarios that would limit warming to 1.5°C or even 2°C. Such unanticipated emissions would in turn require non-emitting energy deployment from all sectors within these emerging emitters, and faster and deeper reductions in emissions from other countries to meet international climate goals. Moreover, the annual costs of keeping emissions at the low level are in many cases 0.2%-4.1% of countries’ GDP, pointing to potential trade-offs with poverty reduction goals and/or the need for economic support and low-carbon technology transfer from historically high-emitting countries. Our results thus highlight the critical importance of ramping up mitigation efforts in countries that to this point have been largely ignored.
Extreme Learning Machine model for assessment of stream health using the Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index
Authors: Aredah Ahmed S. , Ertugrul Omer Faruk , Sattar Ahmed A. , Bonakdari Hossein , Gharabaghi Bahram 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) approach was used to predict stream health with a Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI), and watershed metrics. A dataset of 112 sites in Ontario, Canada with their Hilsenhoff Biotic Index (HBI) and richness values was used in the development of two ELM models. Each model used 70 and 30% of the dataset for training and testing respectively. The models show a great fit with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)=0.12 and 0.33 for HBI and richness test models, respectively. Then, features elimination based on ELM coefficients and coefficient of variation showed a slight increase in the models' RMSE to reach 0.09 and 0.33 correspondingly. Accordingly, this high predictability of the models in this research provide better insights into which factors influence HBI or richness, and suggests that ELM has a better architecture than other machine learning models and ANN to learn complex non-linear relationships. Also, sensitivity analysis expressed channel slope as the most affecting stream-health parameter for stream health.
Some Minor Characteristics of Spectrophotometric Determination of
Antioxidant System and Phenolic Metabolism Enzyme Activity in Wood
Plant Tissues of Pinus sylvestris L.
Authors: Ershova Maria A. , Nikerova Kseniya M. , Galibina Natalia A. , Sofronova Irina N. , Borodina Marina N. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
A comprehensive study of enzymes of the antioxidant system (AOS) and phenolic
metabolism is an actual subject of biochemical research; changes in the activity of these enzymes
can be used as a diagnostic sign. At the same time, practically little attention has been paid to
describing the regularities of these enzymatic reactions. The article presents the chemical kinetics
study of reactions catalyzed by superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and
phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in Scots pine trunk tissues (Pinus sylvestris L.). The dependence of
the enzyme reaction rate on the enzyme concentration and the substrate concentration is presented,
and the pH-optimum for each reaction is established.

Background:
Determination of AOS enzyme activity and PAL activity in woody plants has many
difficulties. The chemical composition of pine trunk tissues affects determining AOS enzyme
activity and PAL activity. Spectrophotometric determination of AOS enzyme activity and PAL
activity gives perfect results when considering all additional controls by taking into account minor
characteristics.

Objective:
This study aimed at determining the AOS enzyme activity in 40-year-old Scots pine
(Pinus sylvestris L.) plants growing in the Karelian (Russia) forest seed plantation.

Method:
Plant tissues were ground in liquid nitrogen to a uniform mass and homogenized at 4 °C
in the buffer containing 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, 3 mM DTT, 5 mM
MgCl2, and 0.5 mM PMSF. After 15-min of extraction, the homogenate was centrifuged at 12000 g
for 10 min (MPW-351R centrifuge, Poland). The supernatant was purified on 20 cm3 columns with
Sephadex G-250. Aliquots with the highest protein amount were collected. In tissues, the protein
concentration was 10-50 μg/ml. Proteins in the extracts were quantified by a Bradford assay. The
enzyme activity was determined spectrophotometrically on a SpectroStar Nano plate
spectrophotometer (BMG Labtech, Germany).

Results:
Our study made it possible to modify the methods for determining the activity of
superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
in Scots pine trunk tissues. The enzymatic reaction rate dependence on the enzyme concentration
and the substrate concentration was determined, and pH-optimum was also noted. This
methodological article also provides formulas for calculating the activities of the enzymes.

Conclusion:
We found that determining AOS enzyme activity and PAL activity in woody plants is
challenging. The chemical composition of the xylem and phloem of pine affects determining AOS
enzyme activity and PAL activity. Spectrophotometric determination of AOS enzyme activity and
PAL activity gives perfect results when considering all additional controls by taking into account
minor characteristics.
1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives with Anti-breast Cancer Potential
Authors: Wu Xinyi , Wang Jun , Xia Shiqi , Cheng Shishuo , Shi Yumin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant diseases, and one of the main causes of mortality among women across the world. Despite advances in chemotherapy, drug resistance remains a major clinical concern, creating an urgent need to explore novel anti-breast cancer drugs. 1,2,3-triazole is a privileged moiety, and its derivatives could inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Accordingly, 1,2,3-triazole derivatives possess profound ac-tivity against various cancers, including breast cancer. This review summarizes the latest progress related to the anti-breast cancer potential of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives, covering articles published from January 2017 to December 2021. The mechanisms of action and structure-activity relation-ships (SARs) are also discussed for the further rational design of more effective candidates.
First Multigram Scale-Up and Synthesis of Novel Valerolactam-
Benzimidazole Hybrid Anthelmintic
Authors: Ramos Juan Carlos , Manta Eduardo , Colobbio Maximiliano , Duarte Gerardo , Melian María Elisa , Silvera Mauricio , Teixeira Ramiro , Dominguez Laura 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Infections caused by helminth parasites are the main cause of economic losses in the livestock industry worldwide. The rapid resistance acquired by different parasites against commercially available drugs motivates the search, design and development of new compounds capable of overcoming this situation. Previously, our group reported the novel hybrid valerolactam-fenbendazole (VAL-FBZ) compound with in vitro anthelmintic activity and good ex vivo parasite permeation.

Objective:
Optimization of the novel hybrid VAL-FBZ compound synthesis and scale-up to multigram order necessary for in vivo assays.

Methods:
For the hybrid VAL-FBZ synthesis, convergent strategy was utilized. To obtain the benzimidazole core, widely available fenbendazole and L-Ornithine hydrochloride synthesis were used. The key step was the coupling reaction, for which an inexpensive coupling agent of uronium salt family was used. Optimization was carried out searching the minimizing risks and costs at up scaling to multigram level.

Results:
In the first stage, the most precursors of Valerolactam and Benzimidazole cores were synthesized on a decagram scale getting better results than previous reports. Also, the coupling reaction was carried out using HBTU to obtain VAL-FBZ with above 99% HPLC purity, and an overall yield of 48%. The successful synthesis was developed without chromatographic purification in any step to minimize few risks for the operator.

Conclusion:
Successfully, an efficient multigram and economic process is reported.