bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The burden of alcohol, tobacco and others drugs among incarcerated population diagnosed with tuberculosis: time trends and spatial determinants in Southern Brazil
Authors: Scholze Alessandro Rolim , Dália Alves Josilene , Berra Thaís Zamboni , Santos Felipe Lima dos , Ramos Antônio Carlos Vieira , Lima de Freitas Giselle , José Quina Galdino Maria , Meneguetti Pieri Flávia , Augusto Moraes Arcoverde Marcos , Cristina Pillon Sandra , Monroe Aline Aparecida , Fronteira Inês , Gomes Dulce , Alexandre Arcêncio Ricardo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is a public health problem worldwide. It is estimated that 90% of the patients diagnosed with TB live in vulnerable environments with limited health resources, such as individuals living in correctional facilities. This study aimed to identify the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs among prisoners diagnosed with TB and the spatial determinants and time trends of the phenomenon in southern Brazil.

Methods
A cross-sectional study using data from the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System was carried out. TB cases confirmed from 2014 to 2018 in prisons located in Paraná, Brazil, were selected. The Prais-Winsten procedure was performed to identify time trends by calculating monthly rates and the percentage of monthly variation. The Seasonal-Trend by Loess decomposition method was used to verify the time series and trends. The spatial association was verified with the Getis-Ord Gi* technique, and the risk areas were identified using spatial scan statistics.

Results
A total of 1,099 TB cases were found in the studied population. The consumption of tobacco (n = 460; 41.9%), illegal drugs (n = 451; 41.0%), and alcohol (n = 179; 16.3%) stood out. An ascending trend was found for the consumption of alcohol (+ 19.4%/mo. (95%CI: 12.20–23.03)), tobacco (+ 20.2%/mo. (95%CI: 12.20–28.82)), and illegal drugs (+ 62.2%/mo. (95%CI: 44.54–81.97)). Spatial analysis revealed clusters for the use of alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs.

Conclusions
This study advances knowledge presenting the burden of drug use and its typology among individuals diagnosed with TB in the prison system. There is a growing trend among patients to use drugs, especially illegal drugs. The clusters show differences between the places where the prisons are located.
Food worry and mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Han Brenna B. , Purkey Eva , Davison Colleen M. , Watson Autumn , Nolan Dionne , Mitchell Dan , Traviss Sheldon , Kehoe Jennifer , Bayoumi Imaan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
There is limited and inconsistent literature examining the relationship between food worry and mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined the association between food worry and mental health among community dwelling Canadian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Adults age 16 years and older completed an anonymous online questionnaire between April 1, 2020 and November 30 2020. Measures of pre-pandemic and current food worry, depression (PHQ-2), anxiety (GAD-2), and sociodemographic variables were included. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the association between food worry and symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Results
In total, 1605 participants were included in analyses. Worry about affording food was reported by 320 (14.78%) participants. In models adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, compared with people without food worry, participants who had food worry were 2.07 times more likely to report anxiety symptoms (aOR 2.07, 95% CI: 1.43 – 2.98, p < .001) and were 1.9 times more likely to report depressive symptoms (aOR 1.89, 95% CI: 1.39–2.57, p < .0001). Lower income, lower education, and pre-existing mental health conditions were significant predictors of symptoms of depression. Female gender, younger age, lower education, lower income, and pre-existing mental health condition were significant predictors of anxiety symptoms.

Conclusion
Our study highlights the relationship between food worry and poor mental health. Policy supports such as improved income supports, clinical implications such as screening for food worry in primary care, referral to emergency food programs and support with meal planning may help mitigate mental health symptoms during the current pandemic, during future societal recovery from this pandemic and during future pandemics.
Modified regimen intrapleural alteplase with pulmozyme in pleural infection management: a tertiary teaching hospital experience
Authors: Cheong Xiong Khee , Ban Andrea Yu-Lin , Ng Boon Hau , Nik Abeed Nik Nuratiqah , Nik Ismail Nik Azuan , Nik Fuad Nik Farhan , Syed Zakaria Syed Zulkifli , Ghan Sheah Lin , Abdul Hamid Mohamed Faisal 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Current management of poorly draining complex effusions favours less invasive image-guided placement of smaller tubes and adjunctive intrapleural fibrinolysis therapy (IPFT). In MIST-2 trial, intrapleural 10 mg alteplase (t-PA) with 5 mg of pulmozyme (DNase) twice daily for 72 h were used. We aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of a modified regimen 16 mg t-PA with 5 mg of DNase administered over 24 h in the management of complex pleural infection.

Methods
This was a single centre, prospective study involving patients with poorly drained pleural infection. Primary outcome was the change of pleural opacity on chest radiograph at day 7 compared to baseline. Secondary outcomes include volume of fluid drained, inflammatory markers improvement, surgical referral, length of hospitalisation, and adverse events.

Results
Thirty patients were recruited. Majority, 27 (90%) patients were successfully treated. Improvement of pleural opacity on chest radiograph was observed from 36.9% [Interquartile range (IQR 21.8–54.9%)] to 18.1% (IQR 8.8–32.7%) of hemithorax (P < 0.05). T-PA/DNase increased fluid drainage from median of 45 mls (IQR 0–100) 24 h prior to intrapleural treatment to 1442 mls (IQR 905–2360) after 72 h; (P < 0.05) and reduction of C-reactive protein (P < 0.05). Pain requiring escalation of analgesia affected 20% patients and 9.9% experienced major adverse events. None required surgical intervention.

Conclusion
This study suggests that a modified regimen 16 mg t-PA with 5 mg DNase can be safe and effective for patients with poorly drained complex pleural infection.
Trial registration The study was registered retrospectively on 07/06/2021 with ClinicalTrials number NCT04915586 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04915586).
Malalignment of the total ankle replacement increases peak contact stresses on the bone-implant interface: a finite element analysis
Authors: van Hoogstraten Sanne W. G. , Hermus Joris , Loenen Arjan C. Y. , Arts Jacobus J. , van Rietbergen Bert 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Malalignment of the Total Ankle Replacement (TAR) has often been postulated as the main reason for the high incidence of TAR failure. As the ankle joint has a small contact area, stresses are typically high, and malalignment may lead to non-homogeneous stress distributions, including stress peaks that may initiate failure. This study aims to elucidate the effect of TAR malalignment on the contact stresses on the bone-implant interface, thereby gaining more understanding of the potential role of malalignment in TAR failure.

Methods
Finite Element (FE) models of the neutrally aligned as well as malaligned CCI (Ceramic Coated Implant) Evolution TAR implant (Van Straten Medical) were developed. The CCI components were virtually inserted in a generic three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the tibia and talus. The tibial and talar TAR components were placed in neutral alignment and in 5° and 10° varus, valgus, anterior and posterior malalignment. Loading conditions of the terminal stance phase of the gait cycle were applied. Peak contact pressure and shear stress at the bone-implant interface were simulated and stress distributions on the bone-implant interface were visualized.

Results
In the neutral position, a peak contact pressure and shear stress of respectively 98.4 MPa and 31.9 MPa were found on the tibial bone-implant interface. For the talar bone-implant interface, this was respectively 68.2 MPa and 39.0 MPa. TAR malalignment increases peak contact pressure and shear stress on the bone-implant interface. The highest peak contact pressure of 177 MPa was found for the 10° valgus malaligned tibial component, and the highest shear stress of 98.5 MPa was found for the 10° posterior malaligned talar model. High contact stresses were mainly located at the edges of the bone-implant interface and the fixation pegs of the talar component.

Conclusions
The current study demonstrates that TAR malalignment leads to increased peak stresses. High peak stresses could contribute to bone damage and subsequently reduced implant fixation, micromotion, and loosening. Further research is needed to investigate the relationship between increased contact stresses at the bone-implant interface and TAR failure.
Evaluation of staff satisfaction after the implementation of a daily goals sheet in the routine work of an oral outpatient department and its influence on work efficiency
Authors: Zhang Wei , Ren Lizhi , Wang Xiaojing , Wang Qianqian , Zhang Xiaohong , Li Weili , Zhao Bin , Ren Xiuyun , Li Bing , Qin Haiyun , Ge Xuejun , Zhang Fang , Wang Xiangyu , Meng Xiaorui , Yu Feiyan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
In March 2021, the supervision group of our hospital inspected the daily work of the outpatient department in the branch and found many problems in the process, such as an excessive number of daily check-up forms, nurses’ confusion regarding the daily check-up process, and the omission of daily check-up items. Therefore, focusing on these problem, our hospital established a quality improvement team to conduct a status survey and perform this study. This study evaluated the feasibility, availability and sustainability of using a daily goals sheet in the routine work of a stomatological outpatient department and investigated the satisfaction of the nursing staff with the sheet.

Methods
After determining the theme of this study through the status survey, 60 nurses were randomly selected and divided into an experimental group and a control group by a random grouping method. Then, the study was divided into two stages: Applying the PDCA cycle method and following the MECE (Mad Exclusive, Collectively Exhaustive) principle to design, manufacture and apply the daily goals sheet. After the expert group performed Stage one, an analysis of work efficiency and routine omissions and a staff satisfaction survey were carried out. The results of the groups either using the daily goals sheet (n = 30) or not (n = 30) were analysed and compared.

Results
The average work time of the daily goals sheet group was 15.20 ± 1.70 min, and that of the nondaily goals sheet group was 25.30 ± 2.70 min (P < 0.001). The omission rate was 0% in the daily goals sheet group and 16.67% in the nondaily goals sheet group. Staff satisfaction with the use of the daily goals sheet was high.

Conclusion
The daily goals sheet can make routine work more efficient and convenient in a stomatological outpatient department. It is recommended for use in stomatological outpatient departments or hospitals.
SYNJ2 is a novel and potential biomarker for the prediction and treatment of cancers: from lung squamous cell carcinoma to pan-cancer
Authors: Hou Wei , Li Guo-Sheng , Gao Li , Lu Hui-Ping , Zhou Hua-Fu , Kong Jin-Liang , Chen Gang , Xia Shuang , Wei Hong-Yu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The roles and clinical values of synaptojanin 2 (SYNJ2) in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) remain unclear.

Methods
A total of 2824 samples from multi-center were collected to identify the expression of SYNJ2 in LUSC by using Wilcoxon rank-sum test, t-test, and standardized mean difference (SMD), and 194 in-house samples were also included to validate SYNJ2 expression in LUSC. The clinical roles of SYNJ2 were investigated via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, univariate Cox regression analysis, and Kaplan–Meier plots. The underlying mechanisms of SYNJ2 in LUSC were explored by gene set enrichment analysis and immune correlation analysis. Further, a pan-cancer analysis based on 10,238 sapiens was performed to promote the understating of the expression and clinical significance of SYNJ2 in multiple human cancers.

Results
SYNJ2 was found to be significantly upregulated in LUSC at both mRNA and protein levels (p < 0.05, SMD = 0.89 [95% CI 0.34–1.45]) via public and in-house samples. Overexpressed SYNJ2 predicted poor prognosis for LUSC patients (hazard ratio = 2.38 [95% CI 1.42–3.98]). The cancer-promoting effect of SYNJ2 may be related to protein digestion and absorption and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction. SYNJ2 expression was closely related to immune cell infiltration, indicating its role in the immune response. Moreover, the distinct expression levels and essential clinical relevance of SYNJ2 in a series of cancers were initially revealed in this study.

Conclusions
This study disclosed the clinical significance of SYNJ2 in LUSC and multiple cancers, demonstrating the novel and potential biomarker for predicting and treating cancers.
Atopic heredity modifies the association between maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy and the risk of atopic disease in childhood: an observational study
Authors: Amberntsson Anna , Carlson Kjellberg Ellinor , van Odijk Jenny , Mikkelsen Andrea , Bärebring Linnea , Augustin Hanna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy and the development of atopic diseases in the offspring has been frequently studied, but with contradictory results. Previous studies have found an inverse relation between maternal vitamin D in pregnancy and the risk of atopic diseases in the child. In contrast, others have found a higher maternal 25OHD to be related to a higher risk of atopic diseases. Thus, the aim was to investigate the associations between maternal vitamin D status and intake in pregnancy with asthma, eczema and food allergies in the children up to 5 years. In addition, effect modification by reported atopic heredity was studied.MethodsParticipants in the GraviD study had 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) analyzed in serum in early (T1) and late (T3) pregnancy. Maternal dietary vitamin D intake was estimated from a short food frequency questionnaire and supplement use by questionnaires. At 5 years of age the child´s history of asthma, eczema and food allergy, including atopic heredity, was reported by questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used.ResultsThe cumulative incidence of asthma was 13%, eczema 22%, and food allergy 18%. Only among children without reported atopic heredity, maternal 25OHD of 50–75 nmol/L in T1 was associated with lower odds of asthma (OR 0.271, 95% CI 0.127–0.580), compared to maternal 25OHD > 75 nmol/L. Additionally in these children, maternal 25OHD in T3 (continuous) was associated with asthma (OR 1.014, 95% CI 1.002–1.009), and dietary vitamin D intake with eczema (OR 1.141, 95% CI 1.011–1.288).ConclusionsAmong children without reported atopic heredity, higher maternal vitamin D status and intake during pregnancy was associated with increased risk of reported atopic disease.
Rural-urban disparities in postpartum contraceptive use among women in Nigeria: a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis
Authors: Anyatonwu Obinna Princewill , San Sebastián Miguel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Unintended pregnancies are a global public health concern that could be prevented with appropriate access to contraceptive methods. Evidence from research has indicated that avoidance of closely space birth/pregnancy within the first year of postpartum, mitigates the risk of adverse health outcomes such as preterm birth, low birth-weight, etc. Postpartum family planning helps women to minimize closely spaced and unplanned pregnancies within the first 12 months after delivery. Less contraceptive use is often present in more socially disadvantaged groups. Studies from Nigeria have shown a persistent disparity on contraceptive use between rural and urban residents. To identify the factors explaining these inequalities is important to implement targeted interventions. This study aimed to identify the factors contributing to the rural-urban disparity in postpartum contraceptive use among women in Nigeria.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study using the Nigerian Demographic Health Survey. In total, 28,041 postpartum Nigerian women were included. Self-reported contraceptive use was the outcome, while the selected explanatory variables were grouped according to three theoretical perspectives: materialistic, behavioural/cultural, and psychosocial variables. Descriptive statistics and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition were used to summarize and identify the factors contributing to the rural-urban disparity in postpartum contraceptive use.

Results
In this study, 27% of women reported to have used contraceptives during the postpartum period. The rural-urban disparity in postpartum contraceptive use accounted for 18.2 percentage points. The findings further showed that the disparities in postpartum contraceptive use between rural-urban residence were mostly explained by materialistic variables (82%), followed by the behavioural/cultural variables and age (included as covariate) accounting for 15.6 and 3.0%, respectively. Household wealth (37%) and educational attainment (38%) had the most significant contribution to the differences in postpartum contraceptive use. Only 15% of the difference in postpartum contraceptive use remained unexplained.

Conclusion
This study has shown important inequalities in postpartum contraceptive use between rural and urban residents in Nigeria. These differences were mainly explained by materialistic factors. These findings highlight crucial areas for the government to target in order to close the existing gap between rural and urban settings in contraceptive use in the country.
Radiogenomic analysis of primary breast cancer reveals [18F]-fluorodeoxglucose dynamic flux-constants are positively associated with immune pathways and outperform static uptake measures in associating with glucose metabolism
Authors: Ralli G. P. , Carter R. D. , McGowan D. R. , Cheng W.-C. , Liu D. , Teoh E. J. , Patel N. , Gleeson F. , Harris A. L. , Lord S. R. , Buffa F. M. , Fenwick J. D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
PET imaging of 18F-fluorodeoxygucose (FDG) is used widely for tumour staging and assessment of treatment response, but the biology associated with FDG uptake is still not fully elucidated. We therefore carried out gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) of RNA sequencing data to find KEGG pathways associated with FDG uptake in primary breast cancers.

Methods
Pre-treatment data were analysed from a window-of-opportunity study in which 30 patients underwent static and dynamic FDG-PET and tumour biopsy. Kinetic models were fitted to dynamic images, and GSEA was performed for enrichment scores reflecting Pearson and Spearman coefficients of correlations between gene expression and imaging.

Results
A total of 38 pathways were associated with kinetic model flux-constants or static measures of FDG uptake, all positively. The associated pathways included glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (‘GLYC-GLUC’) which mediates FDG uptake and was associated with model flux-constants but not with static uptake measures, and 28 pathways related to immune-response or inflammation. More pathways, 32, were associated with the flux-constant K of the simple Patlak model than with any other imaging index. Numbers of pathways categorised as being associated with individual micro-parameters of the kinetic models were substantially fewer than numbers associated with flux-constants, and lay around levels expected by chance.

Conclusions
In pre-treatment images GLYC-GLUC was associated with FDG kinetic flux-constants including Patlak K, but not with static uptake measures. Immune-related pathways were associated with flux-constants and static uptake. Patlak K was associated with more pathways than were the flux-constants of more complex kinetic models. On the basis of these results Patlak analysis of dynamic FDG-PET scans is advantageous, compared to other kinetic analyses or static imaging, in studies seeking to infer tumour-to-tumour differences in biology from differences in imaging.
Trial registration NCT01266486, December 24th 2010.
Identifying common transcriptome signatures of cancer by interpreting deep learning models
Authors: Jha Anupama , Quesnel-Vallières Mathieu , Wang David , Thomas-Tikhonenko Andrei , Lynch Kristen W , Barash Yoseph 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Cancer is a set of diseases characterized by unchecked cell proliferation and invasion of surrounding tissues. The many genes that have been genetically associated with cancer or shown to directly contribute to oncogenesis vary widely between tumor types, but common gene signatures that relate to core cancer pathways have also been identified. It is not clear, however, whether there exist additional sets of genes or transcriptomic features that are less well known in cancer biology but that are also commonly deregulated across several cancer types.

Results
Here, we agnostically identify transcriptomic features that are commonly shared between cancer types using 13,461 RNA-seq samples from 19 normal tissue types and 18 solid tumor types to train three feed-forward neural networks, based either on protein-coding gene expression, lncRNA expression, or splice junction use, to distinguish between normal and tumor samples. All three models recognize transcriptome signatures that are consistent across tumors. Analysis of attribution values extracted from our models reveals that genes that are commonly altered in cancer by expression or splicing variations are under strong evolutionary and selective constraints. Importantly, we find that genes composing our cancer transcriptome signatures are not frequently affected by mutations or genomic alterations and that their functions differ widely from the genes genetically associated with cancer.

Conclusions
Our results highlighted that deregulation of RNA-processing genes and aberrant splicing are pervasive features on which core cancer pathways might converge across a large array of solid tumor types.