bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homeobox transcription factors OsZHD1 and OsZHD2 induce inflorescence meristem activity at floral transition in rice
Authors: Yoon Jinmi , Baek Gibeom , Pasriga Richa , Tun Win , Min Cheol Woo , Kim Sun‐Tae , Cho Lae‐Hyeon , An Gynheung 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFloral transition starts in the leaves when florigens respond to various environmental and developmental factors. Among several regulatory genes that are preferentially expressed in the inflorescence meristem during the floral transition, this study examines the homeobox genes OsZHD1 and OsZHD2 for their roles in regulating this transition. Although single mutations in these genes did not result in visible phenotype changes, double mutations in these genes delayed flowering. Florigen expression was not altered in the double mutants, indicating that the delay was due to a defect in florigen signaling. Morphological analysis of shoot apical meristem at the early developmental stage indicated that inflorescence meristem development was significantly delayed in the double mutants. Overexpression of ZHD2 causes early flowering because of downstream signals after the generation of florigens. Expression levels of the auxin biosynthesis genes were reduced in the mutants and the addition of indole‐3‐acetic acid recovered the defect in the mutants, suggesting that these homeobox genes play a role in auxin biosynthesis. A rice florigen, RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T 1, binds to the promoter regions of homeobox genes. These results indicate that florigens stimulate the expression of homeobox genes, enhancing inflorescence development in the shoot apex.
Transport of acylated anthocyanins by the Arabidopsis ATP‐binding cassette transporters AtABCC1, AtABCC2, and AtABCC14
Authors: Dean John V. , Willis Morgan , Shaban Laith 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAnthocyanins are a group of pigments that have various roles in plants including attracting pollinators and seed dispersers and protecting against various types of stress. In vegetative tissue, these anthocyanins are sequestered in the vacuole following biosynthesis in the cytoplasm, though there remain questions as to the events leading to the vacuolar sequestration. In this study, we were able to show that the uptake of acylated anthocyanins by vacuolar membrane‐enriched vesicles isolated from Arabidopsis was stimulated by the addition of MgATP and was inhibited by both vanadate and glybenclamide, but not by gramicidin D or bafilomycin A1, suggesting that uptake involves an ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter and not an H+‐antiporter. Membrane vesicles isolated from yeast expressing the ABC transporters designated AtABCC1, AtABCC2, and AtABCC14 are capable of MgATP‐dependent uptake of acylated anthocyanins. This uptake was not dependent on glutathione as seen previously for anthocyanidin 3‐O‐monoglucosides. Compared to the wild‐type, the transport of acylated anthocyanins was lower in vacuolar membrane‐enriched vesicles isolated from atabcc1 cell cultures providing evidence that AtABCC1 may be the predominant transporter of these compounds in vivo. In addition, the pattern of anthocyanin accumulation differed between the atabcc1, atabcc2, and atabcc14 mutants and the wild‐type seedlings under anthocyanin inductive conditions. We suggest that AtABCC1, AtABCC2, and AtABCC14 are involved in the vacuolar transport of acylated anthocyanins produced in the vegetative tissue of Arabidopsis and that the pattern of anthocyanin accumulation can be altered depending on the presence or absence of a specific vacuolar ABC transporter.
Does personalization of officeholders undermine the legitimacy of the office? On perceptions of objectivity in legal decisionmaking
Authors: Aronson Ori , Elad‐Strenger Julia , Kessler Thomas , Feldman Yuval 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPublic legitimation of legal decisionmaking can be promoted through various strategies. We examine strategies of legitimation that are premised on personalizing the public image of legal agents. A personalized public administration emphasizes individual decisionmakers and seeks legitimacy through familiarity with the character, identity, and virtues of individual agents, whereas a non‐personalized public administration projects an ethos of technocratic decisionmaking, seeking legitimacy through institutional objectivity and impartiality. We conducted an experiment to examine the efficacy of personalization strategies in the context of a politically charged legal affair: the criminal cases involving the prime minister of Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu. We focus on people's perceived objectivity of the office of the Israeli attorney general (AG), given exposure (vs. no exposure) to different types of personal information about the AG, and while manipulating the salience of contrasting decisions concerning Netanyahu (indicting him on several counts of corruption versus exculpating him in others). We find that exposure to personal information about the AG decreased the perceived objectivity of his office, compared to no exposure to personal information, regardless of the type of information, decision salience, and respondents' political leanings. Our findings, therefore, support the legitimating potential of the non‐personalization of decisionmakers, and show that it pertains to people positioned as both “losers” and “winners” with regard the political impact of the decision. The study further reflects the capacity of nonabstract real‐world, real‐time, analyses to shed light on the drivers of public trust in legal decisionmaking in politically polarized contexts—an issue of pertinence in many contemporary democracies.
Lung cancer in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A retrospective multicentre study in Europe
Authors: Karampitsakos Theodoros , Spagnolo Paolo , Mogulkoc Nesrin , Wuyts Wim A. , Tomassetti Sara , Bendstrup Elisabeth , Molina‐Molina Maria , Manali Effrosyni D. , Unat Ömer Selim , Bonella Francesco , Kahn Nicolas , Kolilekas Lykourgos , Rosi Elisabetta , Gori Leonardo , Ravaglia Claudia , Poletti Venerino , Daniil Zoe , Prior Thomas Skovhus , Papanikolaou Ilias C. , Aso Samantha , Tryfon Stavros , Papakosta Despoina , Tzilas Vasillios , Balestro Elisabetta , Papiris Spyridon , Antoniou Katerina , Bouros Demosthenes , Wells Athol , Kreuter Michael , Tzouvelekis Argyris 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThere remains a paucity of large databases for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and lung cancer. We aimed to create a European registry.MethodsThis was a multicentre, retrospective study across seven European countries between 1 January 2010 and 18 May 2021.ResultsWe identified 324 patients with lung cancer among 3178 patients with IPF (prevalence = 10.2%). By the end of the 10 year‐period following IPF diagnosis, 26.6% of alive patients with IPF had been diagnosed with lung cancer. Patients with IPF and lung cancer experienced increased risk of all‐cause mortality than IPF patients without lung cancer (HR: 1.51, [95% CI: 1.22–1.86], p < 0.0001). All‐cause mortality was significantly lower for patients with IPF and lung cancer with a monocyte count of either <0.60 or 0.60–<0.95 K/μl than patients with monocyte count ≥0.95 K/μl (HR [<0.60 vs. ≥0.95 K/μl]: 0.35, [95% CI: 0.17–0.72], HR [0.60–<0.95 vs. ≥0.95 K/μl]: 0.42, [95% CI: 0.21–0.82], p = 0.003). Patients with IPF and lung cancer that received antifibrotics presented with decreased all cause‐mortality compared to those who did not receive antifibrotics (HR: 0.61, [95% CI: 0.42–0.87], p = 0.006). In the adjusted model, a significantly lower proportion of surgically treated patients with IPF and otherwise technically operable lung cancer experienced all‐cause mortality compared to non‐surgically treated patients (HR: 0.30 [95% CI: 0.11–0.86], p = 0.02).ConclusionLung cancer exerts a dramatic impact on patients with IPF. A consensus statement for the management of patients with IPF and lung cancer is sorely needed.
Nitrogen dioxide increases the risk of disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Yoon Hee‐Young , Kim Sun‐Young , Kim Ok‐Jin , Song Jin Woo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveAir pollution affects clinical course and prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the effect of individual exposure to air pollutants on disease progression is unclear. We aimed to identify the effect of individual exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm [PM10]) on disease progression in patients with IPF.MethodsThe serial lung function data of 946 IPF patients (mean age: 65.4 years, male: 80.9%) were analysed. Individual‐level long‐term exposures to NO2 and PM10 at the residential addresses of patients were estimated using a national‐scale exposure prediction model, constructed based on air quality regulatory monitoring data. Progression was defined as a relative decline (≥10%) in forced vital capacity. Individual‐ and area‐level covariates were adjusted in the primary analysis model.ResultsOverall, 547 patients (57.8%) experienced progression during a median follow‐up of 1.0 year (interquartile range: 0.4–2.6 years). In the primary model, a 10‐ppb increase in NO2 concentration was associated with a 10.5% increase in the risk of progression (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.105; 95% CI = 1.000–1.219) in patients with IPF. There was also an increasing trend of progression in patients with IPF according to the second to fourth quartiles of NO2 (Q2 [HR = 1.299; 95% CI = 0.972–1.735], Q3 [1.409; 1.001–1.984], Q4 [1.598; 1.106–2.310]) compared to the first quartile. We found no association between PM10 and progression in IPF patients.ConclusionOur data suggest that increased individual exposure to NO2 can increase the risk of progression in patients with IPF.
Score Test for Assessing the Conditional Dependence in Latent Class Models and its Application to Record Linkage
Authors: Xu Huiping , Li Xiaochun , Zhang Zuoyi , Grannis Shaun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Fellegi–Sunter model has been widely used in probabilistic record linkage despite its often invalid conditional independence assumption. Prior research has demonstrated that conditional dependence latent class models yield improved match performance when using the correct conditional dependence structure. With a misspecified conditional dependence structure, these models can yield worse performance. It is, therefore, critically important to correctly identify the conditional dependence structure. Existing methods for identifying the conditional dependence structure include the correlation residual plot, the log-odds ratio check, and the bivariate residual, all of which have been shown to perform inadequately. Bootstrap bivariate residual approach and score test have also been proposed and found to have better performance, with the score test having greater power and lower computational burden. In this paper, we extend the score-test-based approach to account for different conditional dependence structures. Through a simulation study, we develop practical recommendations on the utilisation of the score test and assess the match performance with conditional dependence identified by the proposed method. Performance of the proposed method is further evaluated using a real-world record linkage example. Findings show that the proposed method leads to improved matching accuracy relative to the Fellegi–Sunter model.
Contour Models for Physical Boundaries Enclosing Star-Shaped and Approximately Star-Shaped Polygons
Authors: Director Hannah M. , Raftery Adrian E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBoundaries on spatial fields divide regions with particular features from surrounding background areas. Methods to identify boundary lines from interpolated spatial fields are well established. Less attention has been paid to how to model sequences of connected spatial points. Such models are needed for physical boundaries. For example, in the Arctic ocean, large contiguous areas are covered by sea ice, or frozen ocean water. We define the ice edge contour as the ordered sequences of spatial points that connect to form a line around set(s) of contiguous grid boxes with sea ice present. Polar scientists need to describe how this contiguous area behaves in present and historical data and under future climate change scenarios. We introduce the Gaussian Star-shaped Contour Model (GSCM) for modelling boundaries represented as connected sequences of spatial points such as the sea ice edge. GSCMs generate sequences of spatial points via generating sets of distances in various directions from a fixed starting point. The GSCM can be applied to contours that enclose regions that are star-shaped polygons or approximately star-shaped polygons. Metrics are introduced to assess the extent to which a polygon deviates from star-shapedness. Simulation studies illustrate the performance of the GSCM in different situations.
Availability and affordability of essential medicines and diagnostic tests for diabetes mellitus in Africa
Authors: Kibirige Davis , Olum Ronald , Kyazze Andrew Peter , Bongomin Felix , Sanya Richard E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the current status of the availability and affordability of specific essential medicines and diagnostics for diabetes in Africa.MethodsSystematic review and meta‐analysis. Studies conducted in Africa that reported any information on the availability and affordability of short‐acting, intermediate‐acting, and premixed insulin, glibenclamide, metformin, blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin or HbA1c, and lipid profile tests were included. Random‐effect model meta‐analysis and descriptive statistics were performed to determine the pooled availability and affordability, respectively.ResultsA total of 21 studies were included. The pooled availability of each drug was as follows: short‐acting insulin 33.5% (95% CI: 17.8%–49.2%, I2 = 95.02%), intermediate‐acting insulin 23.1% (95% CI: 6.3%–39.9%, I2 = 91.6%), premixed insulin 49.4% (95% CI: 24.9%–73.9%, I2 = 90.57%), glibenclamide 55.9% (95% CI: 43.8%–68.0%, I2 = 96.7%), and metformin 47.0% (95% CI: 34.6%–59.4%, I2 = 97.54%). Regarding diagnostic tests, for glucometers the pooled availability was 49.5% (95% CI: 37.9%–61.1%, I2 = 97.43%), for HbA1c 24.6% (95% CI: 3.1%–46.1%, I2 = 91.64), and for lipid profile tests 35.7% (95% CI: 19.4%–51.9%, I2 = 83.77%). The median (IQR) affordability in days' wages was 7 (4.7–7.5) for short‐acting insulin, 4.4 (3.9–4.9) for intermediate‐acting insulin, 7.1 (5.8–16.7) for premixed insulin, 0.7 (0.7–0.7) for glibenclamide, and 2.1 (1.8–2.8) for metformin.ConclusionThe availability of the five essential medicines and three diagnostic tests for diabetes in Africa is suboptimal. The relatively high cost of insulin, HbA1c, and lipid profile tests is a significant barrier to optimal diabetes care. Pragmatic country‐specific strategies are urgently needed to address these inequities in access and cost.
Evolution of isoform‐level gene expression patterns across tissues during lotus species divergence
Authors: Zhang Yue , Yang Xingyu , Van de Peer Yves , Chen Jinming , Marchal Kathleen , Shi Tao 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARYBoth gene duplication and alternative splicing (AS) drive the functional diversity of gene products in plants, yet the relative contributions of the two key mechanisms to the evolution of gene function are largely unclear. Here, we studied AS in two closely related lotus plants, Nelumbo lutea and Nelumbo nucifera, and the outgroup Arabidopsis thaliana, for both single‐copy and duplicated genes. We show that most splicing events evolved rapidly between orthologs and that the origin of lineage‐specific splice variants or isoforms contributed to gene functional changes during species divergence within Nelumbo. Single‐copy genes contain more isoforms, have more AS events conserved across species, and show more complex tissue‐dependent expression patterns than their duplicated counterparts. This suggests that expression divergence through isoforms is a mechanism to extend the expression breadth of genes with low copy numbers. As compared to isoforms of local, small‐scale duplicates, isoforms of whole‐genome duplicates are less conserved and display a less conserved tissue bias, pointing towards their contribution to subfunctionalization. Through comparative analysis of isoform expression networks, we identified orthologous genes of which the expression of at least some of their isoforms displays a conserved tissue bias across species, indicating a strong selection pressure for maintaining a stable expression pattern of these isoforms. Overall, our study shows that both AS and gene duplication contributed to the diversity of gene function during the evolution of lotus.
Retention of basic surgical skills in veterinary students
Authors: Hunt Julie A. , Gilley Robert S. , Spangler Dawn , Pulliam Tiffany , Anderson Stacy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify veterinary students' retention of surgical skills after a 5‐month period without practice.Study designProspective longitudinal descriptive study.Sample populationConvenience sample of second year veterinary students (n = 57).MethodsStudents practiced ovariohysterectomy (OVH) on a model during 4 clinical skills laboratories during spring 2021. Students were assessed performing OVH on their model using a validated 22‐item rubric. Students not meeting expectations repeated their assessment 2 weeks later. All students had a 5‐month period, including summer break, without skills practice. Students were again assessed performing OVH on their model in the fall. Students' rubric scores and pass rates were compared before and after summer break.ResultsStudents scored lower on their retention test in fall (median = 43) than at the spring assessment (median = 56, P < .001). No difference was detected between lower and higher performing students. Five students (9%) did not meet expectations on their first assessment; more students (17/57, 30%) failed to meet expectations on their retention test (P = .004).ConclusionStudents experienced a decay in the surgical skills required to perform OVH after a 5‐month period without practice, regardless of the quality of their initial performance.Clinical significanceVeterinary educators should emphasize the importance of continual practice to maintain skills and should consider assisting students in regaining skills during review sessions on models to improve surgical skill retention after a prolonged break.
As Trabalhadores Domésticas e a Dupla Face da Violência Doméstica em Tempos de Pandemia
Authors: Mello Marilia Montenegro Pessoa de 
Published: September 2022

Este artigo tem como objeto o trabalho doméstico em tempos de pandemia, tendo como objetivos: entender como o racismo operou no plano legislativo do trabalho doméstico no Brasil; demostrar a dupla violência doméstica que essa profissão está submetida, nos termos da Lei Maria da Penha, e indicar a essencialidade desse trabalho para a saída e a manutenção de outras mulheres no mercado de trabalho. Para isso foi realizado um levantamento da legislação que trata do trabalho doméstico no Brasil, a revisão de literatura sobre o trabalho doméstico no Brasil e a análise de dados secundários. No campo jurídico poucos são os estudos que versam sobre o trabalho doméstico (remunerado ou não) e a paridade de gêneros, que apesar de tão debatida no plano dessas carreiras não enfrenta os problemas das mulheres que exercem o trabalho doméstico remunerado nas suas diversas formas de cuidados exercidos por essas mulheres e invisibilizados através da categoria generalizante do trabalho doméstico.
Whole exome sequencing, clinical exome or targeted gene panels: what to choose for suspected lethal skeletal dysplasia (short rib thoracic dysplasia type IV)
Authors: Das Shreya , Sharma Charu , Gothwal Meenakshi , Tada Nayan 
Published: September 2022

Lethal skeletal dysplasias (SDs) are a heterogeneous group of rare but important genetic disorders characterised by abnormal growth and development of bone and cartilage. The phenotypic variation of SD highlights the complex aetiology for this group of disorders. Short rib polydactyly syndrome (SRPS) types I–IV are a group of rare congenital autosomal recessive types of SD.We report a case of a non-consanguineous couple whose two successive pregnancies were diagnosed with multiple congenital anomalies in fetuses suggestive of lethal SD (likely SRPS type IV) at 24 and 19 weeks period of gestation, respectively. Pregnancy was terminated, and the whole exome sequencing of the abortus for genetic analysis in the second pregnancy confirmed an autosomal recessive type of short rib thoracic dysplasia-4 (SRTD-4) also called SRPS in homozygous condition. Our case is unique as it was also associated with cystic hygroma which is a rare association with SRPS/SRTD-4.
Efficacy of time-restricted eating and behavioural economic interventions in reducing fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c and cardiometabolic risk factors compared with time-restricted eating alone or usual care in patients with impaired fasting glucose: protocol for an open-label randomised controlled trial
Authors: Suthutvoravut Unyaporn , Anothaisintawee Thunyarat , Boonmanunt Suparee , Pramyothin Sarunporn , Chaithanasarn Arthit , Reutrakul Sirimon , Thakkinstian Ammarin 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionImpaired fasting glucose (IFG) is a significant risk factor for diabetes mellitus. Time-restricted eating (TRE) is one type of diet showing positive effects on metabolic signal pathways. However, effects of TRE on cardiometabolic risk factors in humans are limited. Additionally, compliance with TRE remains problematic despite having intention to follow the diet control. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the efficacy of TRE with behavioural economic interventions or TRE alone relative to usual care, in reducing fasting plasma glucose (FPG), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and other cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with IFG.Methods and analysisThis parallel-group, open-label randomised controlled trial will be conducted at the outpatient clinic of the Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. Patients aged 18–65 years with IFG defined as FPG 100–125 mg/dL and body mass index ≥25 kg/m2will be recruited between October 2021 and October 2022. Patients will be randomly allocated to three groups (1:1:1 ratio) as (1) TRE with behavioural economic interventions including financial incentives and text reminders, (2) TRE alone or (3) usual care. The number of participants will be 38 per group (a total of 114). The duration of the intervention will be 12 weeks. Primary outcome is FPG levels measured at 12 weeks after randomisation. Secondary outcomes are HbA1c, body weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-sensitivity C reactive protein. P value of <0.05 of two-sided test will be considered as statistical significance.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University (MURA2021/389). All patients will be informed about the details of the study and sign written informed consent before enrollment in the study. Results from this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberTCTR20210520002.