bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in authorship demographics for manuscripts published in endocrine journals - A 70-year analysis
Authors: Jain Arpit , Madan Hritik , Singh Kamaldeep , Agarwal Yash , Midha Bharat , Gulati Shreya , Batra Priyanka , Batra Ankur , Jain Priyanshu , Arora Ipsa , Prabhu Madhav , Arya Shreyas , Chugh Yashasvi , Piplani Shobhit 
Published: July 2022

Background Over the previous few decades, demographics, gender, and the number of papers published have all changed considerably. One of the fields of medicine that has yet to be extensively investigated is endocrinology. Methods Journal of Endocrinology and General & Comparative Endocrinology are two landmark journals that publish articles from around the world. Each decade during the 70-year period from 1961 to 2021 has been examined in this study. Funding source, first author – last author gender, their demographics and proportion of papers with at least one female author were the parameters considered while studying each publication. It was predicted that the number of female authors per paper would increase with time, as would the range of degrees held by the authors, demographical variations in authorship, and the funding source. The aim was also to determine the distribution of female first authors and senior authors in endocrinology journals over a 70-year period, as well as to check the gender combinations using the Punnett square. Results Female initial authors rose from 7% to 29.6% (p<0.0006) between 1961 and 2021, whereas female senior authors rose from 15.6% to 22.2%. Despite women's small contributions to first and senior authors, female participation rose from 17.48% (25/143) to 70% (170/250) between 1961 and 2021. Male-Female and Female-Male combinations rose with Chi-Square = 124.6, (p<0.0001). Europe and the Americas had the most female academic medical contributors (p<0.0001) Regardless of author status, female participation rose from 17.48% in 1961 to 68% in 2021. Conclusion In papers published in endocrinology journals, there was a rising trend in female contributions to academic medicine. Even with the large growth of female endocrinologists, there is still a disparity in why the increase in female authors is comparably fewer.
A retrospective cohort study on effects of antenatal steroids on respiratory morbidity for term elective caesarean sections in South Asian women
Authors: Jayawardane Madura , Piyadigama Indunil , Chandradeva Uthpala 
Published: July 2022

Background Respiratory distress (RD) is higher among newborns born by caesarean section (CS) compared to vaginal delivery. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists recommend steroid administration for CS prior to 39 weeks. Effectiveness of steroids for neonatal RD at term is inconclusive. The racial differences are yet to be studied. Methods A single center retrospective cohort study was conducted in Colombo, Sri Lanka from December 2016 to February 2019. All mothers delivered by CS between 37+0 and 38+6 weeks were included. Mothers with severe maternal hypertension, fetal rhesus sensitization, intrauterine infection, multiple pregnancies and who received steroids at a prior gestation were excluded. Cohort was subdivided according to administration of intramuscular dexamethasone prior to CS. Primary outcomes measured were RD, admissions to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and special care baby unit (SCBU). Neonatal infections and maternal duration of hospital stay were recorded as secondary outcome measures. Results 560 patients were included. 23.2% of patients received antenatal corticosteroids. Incidence of RD, NICU admissions and SCBU admissions in the study cohort was 10%, 0.9%, and 2.7% respectively. Relative risk for developing RD in the steroid group compared to non-steroid group was 2.67 (95CI 1.64-4.35). 4.6% of the steroid group and 3.3% of the non-steroid group needed to be admitted to the NICU/SCBU (p=0.464). A significantly higher number of babies in the steroid group needed IV antibiotics. The average number of days the mothers were admitted to the hospital was 2.45 days (SD+/- 1.424) for steroid group and 1.4 days (SD+/- 0.856) for the non-steroid group (p < 0.001). Conclusions There is a significant increase in the respiratory morbidity in the dexamethasone administered south Asian mothers at term prior to CS. However, this effect has no clinical significance since the admissions to NICU and SCBU were not significantly different.
Bibliometric analysis of the global research trends of Klebsiella studies from 2000-2019
Authors: Idamokoro Emrobowansan Monday , Hosu Yiseyon Sunday 
Published: July 2022

Background: Klebsiella are major opportunistic bacteria pathogens known to cause a series of severe nosocomial infections. This study reports the global research outputs of Klebsiella research studies and explores the key areas within Klebsiella research studies. Methods: Data in published articles on Klebsiella research studies from 2000 to 2019 were recovered from a scientific data bank known as Web of Science (WoS). Bibliometric tools together with Microsoft Excel 2016 were employed to analyse the top ranked journals, trend topics, title word occurrences, global cited documents, most relevant authors, most relevant countries by corresponding authors, most cited countries, country collaboration networks, title word occurrence, trend topics, most relevant affiliations, and conceptual structural map. Results: An aggregate of 6,047 published papers were retreived from Web of Science (WoS) and the analyses showed that Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy was the top journal in research on Klebsiella with an aggregate of 441 published research documents, followed by Jong G, 2009 as the major global cited article with a total of 1339 citations, Li J as the most relevant author with 72 publications, China as the most relevant country by corresponding author with a total of 1,303 articles and the USA as the most cited country with a total of 33,882 citations. Furthermore, the results from the analyses also showed that China was the major country with the highest collaboration network followed by Zhejiang University as the major relevant university with 243 affiliations, Klebsiella as the highest title word with 32% and Enteriobacteriaceae as the major trend topic on Klebsiella research outputs between 2000-2019. Conclusion: This current analysis provides qualitative and quantitative assessments of title word occurrences, the foremost ranked journals, utmost cited research articles, and most significant researchers in Klebsiella research for the studied period (2000-2019).
Musculoskeletal symptoms related to work environment - a report based on survey conducted among computer professionals
Authors: Żyga Justyna 
Published: July 2022

Introduction
Nowadays the computer has become an essential tool used at work in many vocations. Health effects resulting from sitting working are associated with taking the same position for a few hours every day. Although musculoskeletal disorders are widespread worldwide, they are typical for office jobs. Work related musculoskeletal disorders among the IT professionals are a common area of concern.
Aim
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of various musculoskeletal symptoms among computer workers.
Results and Conclusions
The survey was completed by 78 participants - 57 men (73,1%) and 21 women. Most participants (42,3%) were aged below 30 years. The musculoskeletal symptoms varied according to affected body area. Within the 7 days preceding the study, a substantial proportion of the participants reported lower back (44,9%), neck (43,6%), or shoulder (33,3%) symptoms. Almost one-quarter (23,1%) of the participants had upper back pain during the same period. Similarly, the same regions were the four most frequently affected in the 12 months preceding the study. Musculoskeletal symptoms were highly prevalent in the current sample. Prevention of the appearance and deterioration of symptoms is possible by following the rules of ergonomics at work with feedback regarding correct posture, frequently changing the position of the body with stretching exercises and taking active breaks.
Personalized Pricing and Distribution Strategies
Authors: Jullien Bruno , Reisinger Markus , Rey Patrick 
Published: July 2022

The availability of consumer data is inducing a growing number of firms to adopt more personalized pricing policies. This affects both the performance of, and the competition between, alternative distribution channels, which in turn has implications for firms’ distribution strategies. We develop a formal model to examine a brand manufacturer’s choice between mono distribution (selling only through its own direct channel) or dual distribution (selling through an independent retailer as well). We consider different demand patterns, covering both horizontal and vertical differentiation and different pricing regimes, with the manufacturer and retailer each charging personalized prices or a uniform price. We show that dual distribution is optimal for a large number of cases. In particular, this is always the case when the channels are horizontally differentiated, regardless of the pricing regime; moreover, if both firms charge personalized prices, a well-designed wholesale tariff allows them to extract the entire consumer surplus. These insights obtained here for the case of intrabrand competition between vertically related firms are thus in stark contrast to those obtained for interbrand competition, where personalized pricing dissipates industry profit. With vertical differentiation, dual distribution remains optimal if the manufacturer charges a uniform price. By contrast, under personalized pricing, mono distribution can be optimal when the retailer does not expand demand sufficiently. Interestingly, the industry profit may be largest in a hybrid pricing regime, in which the manufacturer forgoes the use of personalized pricing and only the retailer charges personalized prices. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy. Funding: The financial support of the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [Grant Agreement 670494] and of the Agence nationale de la recherche (ANR) [Grant ANITI (ANR Grant 3IA)] and [Grant CHESS ANR-17-EURE-0010] (Investissements d’Avenir program) is gratefully acknowledged. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4437 .
Stable Bounds on the Duality Gap of Separable Nonconvex Optimization Problems
Authors: Kerdreux Thomas , Colin Igor , d’Aspremont Alexandre 
Published: July 2022

The Shapley-Folkman theorem shows that Minkowski averages of uniformly bounded sets tend to be convex when the number of terms in the sum becomes much larger than the ambient dimension. In optimization, Aubin and Ekeland show that this produces an a priori bound on the duality gap of separable nonconvex optimization problems involving finite sums. This bound is highly conservative and depends on unstable quantities; we relax it in several directions to show that nonconvexity can have a much milder impact on finite sum minimization problems, such as empirical risk minimization and multitask classification. As a byproduct, we show a new version of Maurey’s classical approximate Carathéodory lemma where we sample a significant fraction of the coefficients, without replacement, as well as a result on sampling constraints using an approximate Helly theorem, both of independent interest. Funding: A. d’Aspremont acknowledges support from the French government under management of Agence Nationale de la Recherche as part of the “Investissements d’avenir” program [Grant ANR-19-P3IA-0001] (PRAIRIE 3IA Institute), the Machine Learning and Optimisation Joint Research Initiative with the Fonds AXA pour la Recherche and Kamet Ventures, as well as a Google focused award.
Structural Causal Modeling of Managerial Interventions: What If Managers Had Not Intervened by Doing This?
Authors: Lee Gwendolyn K. , Bettis Rich 
Published: July 2022

Establishing causality beyond association, influence, or correlation is key to informed managerial decisions and interventions. What-if questions such as “What will happen to firm performance if managers intervene by doing this?” and “What if managers had not done this?” can now be formulated and answered by using the tools of structural causal modeling (SCM). SCM tools contribute a systematic methodology for designing and evaluating managerial interventions. Powered by SCM, researchers can increase the precision in theorizing mechanisms and develop the research designs that facilitate causal identification. As a demonstration of how to apply SCM for advancing theory and research design in strategic management, we study why and how the effect of governance mode on firm performance is transmitted through a reduction in the deviation of managerial decision from theory-based prescription. For example, managers may switch to a governance mode that is consistent with the governance mode prescribed according to transaction cost economics (TCE). The insights arising from SCM inform whether switching governance mode for the purpose of aligning with TCE prescription will improve performance, and, if yes, by how much. Beyond TCE, we point to theory-based prescriptions in strategic management that could benefit from using SCM to probe what-if questions.Funding: G. K. Lee acknowledges funding from the National Science Foundation, Division of Social and Economic Sciences, Science of Organizations Program [Grant SES1743044].Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2022.0169 .
Early Diagnosis of Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma by Random Skin Biopsy
Authors: Sakaguchi Kota , Watari Takashi 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Delayed diagnosis of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is associated with a poor prognosis, making early diagnosis and treatment essential. However, early diagnosis remains challenging. Case description: Here we present the case of a 75-year-old man with fever of unknown origin, in whom random skin biopsy (RSB) allowed early diagnosis of IVLBCL. Discussion: The usefulness of RSB, which involves incisional skin biopsies of three or more sites that contain subcutaneous fatty tissue, such as the thighs, abdomen and upper arms, has been debated. In cases of suspected IVLBCL, RSB is less invasive than a biopsy of the internal organs. Conclusion: We suggest that combining RSB with bone marrow examination may facilitate the diagnosis of IVLBCL.
pedagogical immediacy, listening, and silent meaning: essayistic exercises in philosophy and literature for early childhood educators
Authors: Johansson Viktor Magne 
Published: July 2022

This essay concentrates on philosophizing that happens outside and in addition to planned philosophical discussions, philosophizing that comes alive in practice, that is intensified in children’s encounters with the world, with others, with language, in play. It contemplates how adults, educators and parents encounter children and are affected by children’s philosophical explorations. What is the role of the adult in children’s philosophical questioning? How can we respond to children’s philosophizing? What does it mean to do so? The essay explores philosophical exercises for early childhood educators in a range of examples from literature – memoirs, autobiographies, fiction and works that play in between those. By thinking through these literary examples, it investigates how educators can prepare for philosophical encounters with children through exercises of reading and thinking. In doing so the essay experiments with a form of writing that itself becomes a philosophical exercise. Through the examples and exercises the essay suggests how early childhood educators can train for a pedagogical immediacy that involves listening to the philosophical and existential questioning in children’s play, tantrums, and silences. The investigations and readings of the examples are not meant to lead to conclusions that can be directly applied in pedagogical practices; neither do they work as arguments for listening or listening in a particular way to children. What we get, and what I am looking for, is rather the experience of working and thinking through these examples.
Teleatendimento terapêutico para pessoas com deficiência no período da pandemia de COVID-19: revisão integrativa
Authors: Heinzen Crislaine Ramos Gueber , Possolli Gabriela Eyng 
Published: July 2022

Visando compreender o teleatendimento à pessoa com deficiência no âmbito terapêutico da fisioterapia, fonoaudiologia e psicologia, a questão norteadora dessa revisão foi: Sobre o que tratam as publicações referente ao teleatendimento terapêutico em fisioterapia, fonoaudiologia e psicologia para a pessoa com deficiência? Diante disso, foi realizada uma busca em bases de dados obtendo 203 resultados em português e inglês com ano de publicação de 2014 a 2020. Após aplicar critérios de inclusão e exclusão e a leitura na íntegra de 35 pesquisas, teve como resultados 13 estudos que apresentaram contribuição para a temática. Esta revisão integrativa é composta por 5 fases (questão norteadora, amostragem de literatura, coleta de dados, análise crítica e discussão), sendo desenvolvidas conforme referencial de Souza, Silva e Carvalho (2010). Ao mapear as pesquisas da revisão integrativa foram definidas quatro categorias de análise dos estudos: 1- Teleatendimento: definição, ferramentas de TI e critérios terapêuticos, 2- Teleatendimento para pessoa com deficiência e relação com a família/cuidador, 3- Teleatendimento em Fonoaudiologia e Fisioterapia, 4- Psicoterapia online. Como resultados para contribuição no período de pandemia da Covid-19, tem entendimento que o teleatendimento abrange: tecnologias digitais empregadas e seu uso remoto, adaptações técnicas com relação ao atendimento presencial, presença fundamental do cuidador-familiar na relação terapêutica online, entre outras sub-temáticas. A Fonoaudiologia, Fisioterapia e Psicologia são profissões essenciais na reabilitação de pessoas com deficiência, mantendo suas qualidades de vida, sendo assim, em tempos de pandemia o teleatendimento é imprescindível. Além disso, o teleatendimento também é fundamental para estabelecer protocolos para outras situações, como pacientes acamados, pós-cirúrgico, situações de impedimento de deslocamento ou outras doenças infecto-contagiosas em âmbito local.
Restriction on antimicrobial dispensing without prescription on a national level: Impact on the overall antimicrobial utilization in the community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Jedai Ahmed Hamdan , Almogbel Yasser , Eljaaly Khalid , Alqahtani Nasser M. , Almudaiheem Hajer Yousef , Awad Nancy , Alissa Dema Abdulrahman , Assiri Abdullah , Alaama Tareef 
Published: July 2022

Background
High rates of non-prescription dispensing of antimicrobials have led to a significant increase in the antimicrobial overuse and misuse in Saudi Arabia (SA). The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial utilization following the enforcement of a new prescription-only antimicrobial dispensing policy in the community pharmacy setting in SA.

Methods
Data were extracted from the IQVIA database between May 2017 and May 2019. The antimicrobial utilization rates, based on sales, defined daily dose in grams (DDD), DDD/1000 inhabitants/day (DID), and antimicrobial-claims for the pre-policy (May 2017 to April 2018) and post-policy (June 2018 to May 2019) periods were assessed.

Results
Overall antimicrobial utilization declined slightly (~9–10%) in the post-policy versus pre-policy period (sales, 31,334 versus 34,492 thousand units; DDD, 183,134 versus 202,936), with higher claims (~16%) after policy implementation. There was a sudden drop in the utilization rate immediately after policy enforcement; however, the values increased subsequently, closely matching the pre-policy values. Utilization patterns were similar in both periods; penicillin was the most used antimicrobial (sales: 11,648–14,700–thousand units; DDD: 71,038–91,227; DID: 2.88–3.78). For both periods, the highest dip in utilization was observed in July (sales: 1,027–1,559 thousand units; DDD: 6,194–9,399), while the highest spike was in March/October (sales: 3,346–3,884 thousand units; DDD: 22,329–19,453).

Conclusion
Non-prescription antimicrobial utilization reduced minimally following policy implementation in the community pharmacies across SA. Effective implementation of prescription-only regulations is necessary.
Prognostic role of PD-L1 expression in patients with salivary gland carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Limeng , Jiang Canhua , Zhu Zhihui , Sun Yao , Zhang Tao 
Published: July 2022

Background
Although programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been recognized as a potential marker in several cancers, the relationship between PD-L1 expression and survival in patients with salivary gland carcinoma (SGC) has remained unclear. We aimed to evaluate the association of PD-L1 expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis in SGC patients.

Methods
The databases Ovid Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE were searched for relevant studies that detected PD-L1 expression in SGC. The meta-analysis was performed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), and the reporting recommendations for tumor marker prognostic studies (REMARK) was used to assess the quality of research eligible for this meta-analysis. Included studies were assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to estimate the correlation between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological features. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CI were applied to assess the association between PD-L1 expression and survival outcomes of patients.

Results
A total of ten studies (including 952 patients with SGC) were evaluated. The meta-analysis showed that positive PD-L1 expression in SGC was significantly associated with male patients, older age, Tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, high pathological grade, and non-adenoid cystic carcinoma subtype. The pooled data demonstrated that high PD-L1 expression was associated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival. There was no significant correlation between PD-L1 expression and progression-free survival or disease-specific survival of SGC patients.

Conclusion
According to the meta-analysis, positive PD-L1 expression may play an important role as an effective marker of poor prognosis in patients with SGC. However, large-scale, prospective investigations are still needed to confirm the findings. The assessment of PD-L1 expression may aid in the personalized management of SGC.