bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of “Vetom 1.2” probiotic preparation on the cows’ immunological status
Authors: Trebukhov A V , Utts S A , Bassauer G M , Kolina Yu A , Momot N V 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The main task in the dairy farming organization is to obtain calves whose health directly depends on the immuno-biochemical status of their mothers. In our country and abroad, interest in probiotic preparation is increasing to maintain the biochemical and immunological status, to improve digestion, metabolism, as well as to increase the cows' dairy productivity. Probiotic preparations of the Vetom series are widely used in this industry. The aim of the study was to study the effect of "Vetom 1.2" probiotic preparation on the immuno-biochemical status of cows. Experimental studies were carried out in JSC "Uchkhoz "Prigorodnoye" in Barnaul on Russian black pied cows in the autumn-winter period. During the research, we have identified the following: 1. The use of "Vetom 1.2" probiotic preparation has a positive effect on the biochemical parameters' dynamics of cows' blood serum, and therefore, on the immuno-biochemical status of animals; 2. The use of "Vetom 1.2" probiotic contributes to an increase in immunoglobulins' level in cows' colostrum, thereby such colostrum can help to increase the resistance and safety of young animals.
Influence of meteorological conditions on Festulolium seed yield formation
Authors: Obraztsov V N , Kadyrov S V , Shchedrina D I 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The authors assess the influence of meteorological factors on the yield of Festulolium seeds. The analysis of weather conditions over 12 years shows that precipitation during the growing season of Festulolium in the second year of vegetation closely correlates with seed yield (r = 0.85). The relationship between the yield and the amount of precipitation over the growing season is expressed by the regression equation: Y = 190.52 + 3.2894x1. The yield was closely correlated with the HTC (r = 0.80). This relationship can be expressed by the following equation: Y = 189.91 + 562.8x2. It is found that the optimal conditions for Festulolium seed yield formation arise when at least 147 mm of precipitation falls within the growing season (mostly during the period from aftergrowth to flowering), the hydrothermal coefficient is 0.8-1.7, the average daily temperature is within 17-19°C in the flowering phase and 18-21°C during the period of seed formation-ripening, and the proportion of days without precipitation in the flowering phase is at least 57%.
Experimental research results on the erosion study of the temporary irrigating canal dam with pouring water and the establishment of the size of the dam compactor’s operating body
Authors: Karimov M S , Usmanov T U , Sharipov Z Sh , Usmanov N K 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Research work has been carried out for several years in order to mechanize the technological process of dams' compaction and the development of a dam compactor. As a result of the experiments, the design of the dam compactor and the types of operating bodies were selected, the main optimal dimensions of the dam compactor were determined and mathematically analyzed. It was revealed that the main parameters of the dam compactor affecting the compaction process of temporary irrigating canal dams are cone roller diameter, length and width of the plate compactor, and the angle of dam nip. These parameters have been substantiated by theoretical and experimental studies. The optimal values of these parameters were determined by the mathematical planning of the experiment; below are the limits, as well as the variation levels of these factors. Based on the results obtained, an improved dam compactor was manufactured, and experimental studies were conducted in the field. At the same time, an increase in productivity relative to existing methods has been achieved and the compaction index has been brought to the required value. The mathematical model of the research object is the response function of an equation linking optimization parameters with controlled factors. The hypothesis of variance uniformity in the same non-repeated experiments was tested using the Cochran's test, and the significance of the regression coefficients was determined by the Student's criterion. The adequacy of the process model was checked by the Fisher criterion. After processing the experimental data and evaluating the coefficients' significance, regression equations describing the dam compaction process by the dam height and the compaction degree of the temporary irrigating canal dam were obtained. The main dimensions of compacting operating bodies of the dam compactor were selected.
Hazard assessment of pesticides’ application in agroecosystems
Authors: Slastya I V 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The danger assessment of using pesticides and the effectiveness of reducing the pesticide load in agrocenoses of grain crops and fodder beet according to the indicators of predicted pollution and agro-eco-toxicological index (AETI) was carried out. A significant decrease in the predicted agrocenoses' contamination indicators with pesticides and AETI was found with a decrease in the fungicides consumption rates by 50% and insecticides by 20% when combined with silicon compounds. The comparison of indicators of predicted pollution and AETI for grain crops agrocenoses in different natural and climatic zones was carried out. The greatest danger is the use of pesticides in the dry-steppe zone of chestnut soils due to their low self-cleaning ability.
Environmental aspects of the evaluation of the total pollution of soils with heavy metals in the coastal zone of the Caspian Sea at cape peschany
Authors: Syrlybekkyzy S , Koibakova S E , Kenzhetaev G Zh , Taizhanova L S , Altybayeva Zh K , Permyakov V N 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study is aimed to analyze the total contamination of the soil of the CAPE with heavy metals and metalloids in the area, the ferry complex and farms on the Sandy Cape. During the survey of the coastal zone of Cape Peschanyi, the route method with the laying of 7 trial plots (TP) with background TP-7 was used. Total content of the heavy metals (HM) was determined by a laboratory spectrophotometer of HACH DR-2400 (USA). Studies of the ecological state of the coastal zone of Cape Sandy, after the introduction of an international multimodal transport hub that provides access to Europe, are the first and allowed us to identify the degree of anthropogenic transformation. The availability of farms testifies to the suitability of the Cape's soils for cultivation and crops. The assessment of the ecological state of the soils of the ferry complex, "melon" farms, and the territory of the national reserve with a conservation status is relevant and timely. The results of the analysis of the content of heavy metals and metalloid allowed us to identify pollutants that affect melons. According to the results of calculations, on P-2, ST=16.5 the level of pollution is moderately dangerous, on the other PP, within the acceptable level. The range of a variation less than 1, only for hexavalent chrome Cr6+, is bound to the fact that chrome is easily mobilized in alkaline soils. Statistical processing of the results by Statistica 10 had shown that the Kruskal-Wallis criterion is statistically significant for the elements Cr, Cd, Cu and Co.
Fe-based sintered matrix for diamond tools: microstructure, mechanical performance and crack initiation and propagation characteristics
Authors: Gao Ya , Zhang Hongsong , Ma Haishu , Liu Xuhe , Huang Yuchun , Meng Yubo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
To design Fe-Cu-Sn-Ni metal binders for diamond tools and optimize the performance of binders, Fe-based binders were prepared by hot-press sintering method using Fe powder, Cu powder, Sn powder and Ni powder as the raw materials. The phase constitution, microstructure, mechanical properties and crack formation were evaluated. Results showed that Fe-based matrixes are composed of Cu3Sn intermetallic compounds and several solid solutions, such as α-Fe, γ(Fe,Ni), and Cu13.7Sn. The relative high Sn content can increase the hardness of the sintered bulk samples and significantly reduce the bending strength. With the increase of Ni content, the hardness increases gradually, while the bending strength increases firstly and then decreases. The cracks initiate from brittle Cu3Sn intermetallic phases and quickly propagate in the brittle phases or along the interface between Cu3Sn intermetallic compounds and γ(Fe,Ni) phases. The propagation of crack can be impeded by Cu13.7Sn solid solution.
Important role of turbulent wind gust and its coherent structure in the rapid removal of urban air pollution
Authors: Shi Yu , Zeng Qingcun , Liu Lei , Cheng Xueling , Hu Fei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The removal process of urban air pollution is very rapid even under the strong obstruction of various buildings in the city. In this study, based on high-accuracy ultrasonic anemometer observations at seven different altitudes on a 325 m tower, we proposed a physical mechanism in which turbulent wind gust and its coherent structure may play important roles in this phenomenon. Pollutants suspended within the urban canopy layer UCL cannot be quickly removed by means of basic flow but diffuse and crosse the UCL by means of the coherent structure of gust wind and then propagate further under strong basic flows above the UCL. With a continuous increase in wind speed in the whole layer, combined with gust-wind and turbulence mixing, the rapid transformation from heavily polluted days to clean days in urban areas can take place in just a few hours. Turbulent wind gust and its coherent structure were extracted by third-order Daubechies wavelet transformation. The downwind wind was decomposed into three separate components, basic flow

u

¯

(
t
)
,

gust-wind

u

′

g

(
t
)
,

and turbulence

u

′

t

(
t
)
.

The results show that in the early rapid drop of urban surface pollutant concentration, horizontal wind speed at 8 m was still low, and sinking movements dominated in the lower layer. Friction velocity calculated from gust-wind

u

*
g

significantly affected the surface PM2.5 concentration, and was the most obvious factor with an inverse correlation coefficient −0.56. The correlation coefficient of coherent structure of gustiness Ru

g

w

g
at 8 m basically changed to positive values before the rapid decline of the surface PM2.5 concentration. The concentration of PM2.5 decreased significantly when Ru

g

w

g
> 0, and exhibited an increasing trend when Ru

g

w

g
< 0. The close relationship between the concentration of PM2.5 and Ru

g

w

g
indicated the important role of the coherent structure of gustiness in the rapid removal process of urban pollutants. The research deepens the vertical exchange process of matter and energy in the UCL, and provides a scientific reference for the rapid dissipation mechanism of urban air pollution.
Does Temporal Stability Moderate Reasoned Action Approach Relations With Covid-19 Preventive Behaviors?
Authors: Norman Paul , Wilding Sarah , Conner Mark 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Preventive behaviors continue to play an important role in reducing the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Purpose
This study aimed to apply the reasoned action approach (RAA) to predict Covid-19 preventive intentions and behavior and to test whether temporal stability moderates relations between RAA constructs and behavior.

Methods
A representative sample of UK adults (N = 603) completed measures of RAA variables (i.e., experiential attitudes, instrumental attitudes, injunctive norms, descriptive norms, capacity, autonomy and intention) in relation to six Covid-19 preventive behaviors (i.e., wearing face coverings, social distancing, hand sanitizing, avoiding the three Cs [closed spaces, crowded places, and close contacts], cleaning surfaces, and coughing/sneezing etiquette) at baseline (December 2020) and after 1 month. Self-reported behavior was assessed at baseline and after 1 and 2 months.

Results
The RAA was predictive of Covid-19 preventive intentions at time 1 and time 2; instrumental attitudes, descriptive norms, and capability were the strongest predictors at each time point. The RAA also predicted subsequent behavior across time points with intention, descriptive norms, and capability the strongest/most consistent predictors. Temporal stability moderated a number of RAA–behavior relationships including those for intention, descriptive norms, and capability. In each case, the relationships became stronger as temporal stability increased.

Conclusions
Health cognitions as outlined in the RAA provide appropriate targets for interventions to promote Covid-19 preventive intentions and behavior. Moreover, given that continued performance of Covid-19 preventive behaviors is crucial for reducing transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the results highlight the need for consistent messaging from governments and public health organizations to promote positive intentions and maintain preventive behavior.
GinkgoDB: an ecological genome database for the living fossil, Ginkgo biloba
Authors: Gu Kai-Jie , Lin Chen-Feng , Wu Jun-Jie , Zhao Yun-Peng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Although an increasing number of species-specific databases have been constructed to facilitate the global research community, comprehensive databases remain rare with multidimensional research resources rather than genomic data solely, in particular for non-model species. Here we introduced GinkgoDB, the ecological genome database for the world-renowned living fossil, Ginkgo biloba L., a tree species with extreme longevity, exceptional resistance, global landscape application and dioecy. The present version of GinkgoDB consists of four modules of genome, occurrence, quadrat and gallery. The genome module includes two versions of chromosome-level assembled genomes with high-quality annotation, expression profiles of each sex for different tissues and variants from 545 ginkgo genomes. A suite of tools were also deployed online for search, blast and further analyses. The occurrence module contains distribution information of over one million records across the world with an emphasis on 8926 individual-level tagged trees with phenotypic trait data in eastern Asia. The quadrat module provides monitoring data of both species and habitats from 27 plots of natural ginkgo forests and periodic data of functional traits measured for the entire plant communities. The gallery module collects field morphological photos and scanned phenotypic images of various ginkgo materials. GinkgoDB showcases a comprehensive and persistently growing database for a single non-model species.
Database URL: https://ginkgo.zju.edu.cn/
A chromosome-level genome of Brachymystax tsinlingensis provides resources and insights into salmonids evolution
Authors: Zhu Wenbo , Wang Zhongkai , Li Haorong , Li Ping , Ni Lili , Jiao Li , Ren Yandong , You Ping 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Brachymystax tsinlingensis Li, 1966 is an endangered freshwater fish with economic, ecological, and scientific values. Study of the genome of B. tsinlingensis might be particularly insightful given that this is the only Brachymystax species with genome. We present a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly and protein-coding gene annotation for B. tsinlingensis with Illumina short reads, Nanopore long reads, Hi-C sequencing reads, and RNA-seq reads from 5 tissues/organs. The final chromosome-level genome size is 2,031,709,341 bp with 40 chromosomes. We found that the salmonids have a unique GC content and codon usage, have a slower evolutionary rate, and possess specific positively selected genes. We also confirmed the salmonids have undergone a whole-genome duplication event and a burst of transposon-mediated repeat expansion, and lost HoxAbβ Hox cluster, highly expressed genes in muscle may partially explain the migratory habits of B. tsinlingensis. The high-quality B. tsinlingensis assembled genome could provide a valuable reference for the study of other salmonids as well as aid the conservation of this endangered species.
Differences in New Variant of Concern Replication at Physiological Temperatures In Vitro
Authors: Stauft Charles B , Sangare Kotou , Wang Tony T 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Using multiple cell types and isolates of Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2, we report differences in virus production, replication, and infectivity in vitro. Ancestral and Delta SARS-CoV-2 variant exhibit reduced virus production and replication at 34°C compared to 37°C while Omicron replication is balanced between temperatures.
A New Chemometrically Assisted UV Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Determination of Tamsulosin and Dutasteride in Their Pharmaceutical Mixture
Authors: Attia Khalid A M , Serag Ahmed , Eid Sherif M , Abbas Ahmed Emad F 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Tamsulosin (TAM) and dutasteride (DUT) are ranked among the most frequently prescribed therapies in urology. Interestingly, studies have also been carried out on TAM/DUT in terms of their ability to protect against recent COVID-19. However, very few studies were reported for their simultaneous quantification in their combined dosage form and were mainly based on chromatographic analysis. Subsequently, it is very important to offer a simple, selective, sensitive, and rapid method for the quantification of TAM and DUT in their challenging dosage form.

Objective
In this study, a new chemometrically assisted ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometric method has been presented for the quantification of TAM and DUT without any prior separation.

Method
For the calibration set, a partial factorial experimental design was used, resulting in 25 mixtures with central levels of 20 and 25 μg/mL for TAM and DUT, respectively. In addition, to assess the predictive ability of the developed approaches, another central composite design of 13 samples was used as a validation set. Post-processing by chemometric analysis of the recorded zero-order UV spectra of these sets has been applied. These chemometric approaches include partial least-squares (PLS) and genetic algorithm (GA), as an effective variable selection technique, coupled with PLS.

Results
The models’ validation criteria displayed excellent recoveries and lower errors of prediction.

Conclusions
The proposed models were effectively used to determine TAM/DUT in their combined dosage form, and statistical comparison with the reported method revealed satisfactory results.

Highlights
Overall, this work presents powerful simple, selective, sensitive, and precise methods for simultaneous quantification of TAM/DUT in their dosage form with satisfactory results. The predictive ability and accuracy of the developed methods offer the opportunity to be employed as a quality control technique for the routine analysis of TAM/DUT when chromatographic instruments are not available.
Study on temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of overburden deformation and gas emission during the longwall working face initial mining phase
Authors: Li Chuantian , Wu Shiyue , Zheng Chunshan , Sun Xiaoyuan , Jiang Xiaoqiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt is very important from the point of view of gas control and production safety to efficiently extract gas from stress-relief fractures in the initial phase of the longwall working face. In the initial phase of longwall mining, the overburden deformation significantly affects the instability of gas emission and the mining speed positively correlates to the volume of gas emission, so appropriate mining speed can help to increase the efficiency of gas extraction. The monitoring data on surrounding rock deformation show that the horizontal separation fractures first appear from the outer to inner layers and continue to deform along with the mining working face progressing, then the vertical fractures gradually evolve from the lower to the upper layers and finally a stable fracture zone comes into being, which provides space and pathways for both gas ‘stress-relief and retention’ and its abnormal emission during the mining initial phase. Moreover, this paper proposes a new spatiotemporal division model called overburden ‘three belts and five zones’ in the mining initial phase, i.e. the vertical ‘three belts’ including the caving belt, the dynamic fracture evolution belt and the curved subsidence belt; and the horizontal ‘five zones’ consisting of the key gas drainage zone for fracture development, ‘stress-relief and gas-retention’, overburden pressure-relief zone, gas seepage zone in goaf, coal seam pressure-relief zone in front of the working face and the difficult gas drainage zone in coal wall stress concentration area. The research results of this paper can provide theoretical and technical support for optimizing establishment of gas drainage parameters.
High-resolution seismic impedance inversion integrating the closed-loop convolutional neural network and geostatistics: an application to the thin interbedded reservoir
Authors: Ge Qiang , Cao Hong , Yang Zhifang , Li Xiaoming , Yan Xinfei , Zhang Xin , Wang Yuqing , Lu Wenkai 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Seismic impedance inversion is one of the key techniques for quantitative seismic interpretation. Most conventional post-stack seismic impedance inversion approaches are based on the linear theory, whereas the relationship between seismic response and impedance is highly nonlinear. Thus, it is challenging to implement conventional inversion methods to obtain high-resolution impedance for reservoir investigation. Convolutional neural network (CNN), a superior deep neural network, has a strong learning ability, which can learn from data and establish complex nonlinear mapping. However, CNN-based methods are generally heavily dependent on amounts of labeled data. Hence, an alternative seismic inversion approach is proposed that combines the closed-loop CNN and geostatistics. The closed-loop CNN is less dependent on labeled data, characterized by utilizing labeled data and unlabeled data simultaneously to train the neural network. The two subnets represent forward modeling and inversion respectively, constraining each other during the neural network training. Geostatistics can be used to enrich the training data for neural network training, taking into account geological and geophysical prior information. Synthetic data testing reveals that the proposed inversion scheme can obtain more reasonable results benefiting from labeled training data augmentation. The proposed inversion scheme is applied to the field data for identifying thin interbedded reservoir within delta depositional system. The predicted results obtained by the proposed inversion scheme are consistent with well log data and geological settings, offering insights into reservoir characterization and hydrocarbon identification.