bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fontan failure: phenotypes, evaluation, management, and future directions
Authors: Chowdhury Ujjwal Kumar , George Niwin , Sankhyan Lakshmi Kumari , Pradeep Doniparthi , Chittimuri Chaitanya , Chauhan Abhinavsingh , Pandey Niraj Nirmal , Goja Shikha 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectives:Management of “failing” and “failed” Fontan circulation, particularly the indications, timing, and type of re-intervention, currently remains nebulous. Factors contributing to pathogenesis and mortality following Fontan procedure differ between children and adults.Methods:Since organ systems in individual patients are affected differently, we searched the extant literature for a “failing” and “failed” Fontan reviewing the clinical phenotypes, diagnostic modalities, pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and surgical techniques employed, and their outcomes.Results:A total of 410 investigations were synthesised. Although proper candidate selection, thoughtful technical modifications, timely deployment of mechanical support devices, tissue-engineered conduits, and Fontan takedown have decreased the peri-operative mortality from 9 to 15% and 1 to 3% per cent in recent series, pernicious changes in organ function are causing long-term patient attrition. In the setting of a failed Fontan circulation, literature documents three surgical options: Fontan revision, Fontan conversion, or cardiac transplantation. The reported morbidity of 25% and mortality of 8–10% among Fontan conversion continue to improve in select institutions. While operative mortality following cardiac transplantation for Fontan failure is 30% higher than for other CHDs, there is no difference in long-term survival with actuarial 10-year survival of around 54%. Mechanical circulatory assistance, stem cells, and tissue-engineered Fontan conduit for destination therapy or as a bridge to transplantation are in infancy for failing Fontan circulation.Conclusions:An individualised management strategy according to clinical phenotypes may delay the organ damage in patients with a failing Fontan circulation. At present, cardiac transplantation remains the last stage of palliation with gradually improving outcomes.
The Repercussions of George Rochberg's Rubble Rhetoric
Authors: WLODARSKI AMY LYNN 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDuring the Second World War, the American composer George Rochberg served as an infantryman with the US Army in Europe. There, he witnessed first hand the aftermath caused by massive firebombing of the French countryside by both Allied and Axis bombers, an image that would remain with him for the remainder of his life. In his post-war writings, the rubbled city of Saint-Lô soon became a metaphor for the precarious state of Western culture, which he believed had suffered a grave injury. This article considers how Rochberg reconstructed his wartime sketches – short miniatures composed during the European campaign – into material for his Sixth Symphony (1986). I argue that Rochberg clearly conceived of musical reconstruction as a means by which to symbolically confront the modernist forces he believed accountable for the decline of Western culture that he increasingly perceived towards the end of his life. The article ends with a cautionary epilogue to this time-worn narrative of rubble, reconstruction, and redemption that challenges Rochberg's false sense of moral superiority and the motivations of ‘rubble narratives’ more generally.
Rubbled Cities – Sounds and Silence: A Travelogue
Authors: HACOHEN RUTH 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA travelogue of an Israeli musicologist, descendant of German Jewish émigrés, her real and imaginary sonic journey roams between ruins and rubble in Germany and Israel/Palestine. She takes ruins as iconic, allegoric, and reverberating; partially resisting the ravages of time, enshrining sounds and memory. She deems rubble as formless, plain, and voiceless, devoid of identity, transient, and forgetful. The destruction of Jerusalem in 70 ce by the Romans is her starting point, and the currently occupied East Jerusalem by Israeli armed forces is where she ends. The imaginary soundscapes she unfolds resonates forlorn heavenly voices, Nazi youth's ditties, Israeli pop songs, operatic voices, and redemptive and subversive German and Israeli oratorios.
Carbonate Parameter Estimation and Its Application in Revealing Temporal and Spatial Variation in the South and Mid‐Atlantic Bight, USA
Authors: Li Xinyu , Xu Yuan‐Yuan , Kirchman David L. , Cai Wei‐Jun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo overcome the limitations due to sporadic carbonate parameter data, this study developed and evaluated empirical multiple linear regression (MLR) models for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), pH in total scale (pHT), and aragonite carbonate saturation state (ΩAr) using hydrographic data (temperature, salinity, and oxygen) measured during 2007–2018 in the South Atlantic Bight (SAB) and Mid‐Atlantic Bight (MAB) along the U.S. East Coast. We first reviewed the assumptions and routines of MLR models and then generated MLR models for each cruise for all three carbonate parameters in each region and assessed model performance. Models derived from measured spectrophotometric pH have smaller uncertainties than pHT models based on pH calculated from total alkalinity (TA) and DIC. The regional differences of carbonate parameters between MAB and SAB are reflected in the coefficients of the empirical models. The MLR model temporal consistency indicates that the effect of the atmospheric CO2 increase on seawater carbonate parameters cannot be unequivocally resolved for the period of this study in the regions. Therefore, we combined different cruises to build composite models for each region. The composite models can capture the key features in the SAB and MAB. To further assess the model applicability, we applied our models to Biogeochemical‐Argo data to reconstruct carbonate parameters. The algorithm in this study helps to reconstruct seawater carbonate chemistry using proxy data of high spatial and temporal resolution, which will enhance our understanding of physical and biological processes on carbon cycle and the long‐term anthropogenic carbon inputs in coastal oceans.
Riparian Groundwater Level Variation and Its Impacts on Bank Erosion in the Middle Yangtze River
Authors: Deng Shanshan , Xia Junqiang , Zhou Meirong , Zhou Yueyao , Liu Xin , Li Zhiwei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe interaction between groundwater flow and river flow plays an important role in the bank erosion process, but field measurements on riparian groundwater flows remain very limited, especially in large river systems. Three monitoring wells of groundwater flow were constructed at two typical sites of the Middle Yangtze River (MYR) in 2021, with the hydrographs of the riparian groundwater level and river stage being obtained. Results indicated that (a) the variation in the groundwater level generally followed with the river stage during the flood peak period, but decoupled from the river stage during the recession period; (b) the delayed response of the groundwater level to river stage variation was quantified by the ratio of their change rates, which linearly increased with the magnitude of the river stage, but decreased with the change rate of the river stage as a loose power function; and (c) the increasing ground water level resulted in a 61% loss of the cohesion of upper cohesive bank soil and a complete loss of the apparent cohesion of the lower noncohesive bank soil. The major mechanism underlying the influences of the groundwater flow on bank erosion in the MYR is probably the development of pore water pressure that changes the forces acting on soil block and reduces the soil shear strength, whereas seepage erosion is seemingly not intensive. The current study can provide a direct evidence for the response of the riparian groundwater level variation to the river stage change in a large river system.
A hierarchical vascularized engineered bone inspired by intramembranous ossification for mandibular regeneration
Authors: Ye Xin , He Jianxiang , Wang Shaolong , Han Qianglong , You Dongqi , Feng Bin , Zhao Feiya , Yin Jun , Yu Mengfei , Wang Huiming , Yang Huayong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMandibular defects caused by injuries, tumors, and infections are common and can severely affect mandibular function and the patient’s appearance. However, mandible reconstruction with a mandibular bionic structure remains challenging. Inspired by the process of intramembranous ossification in mandibular development, a hierarchical vascularized engineered bone consisting of angiogenesis and osteogenesis modules has been produced. Moreover, the hierarchical vascular network and bone structure generated by these hierarchical vascularized engineered bone modules match the particular anatomical structure of the mandible. The ultra-tough polyion complex has been used as the basic scaffold for hierarchical vascularized engineered bone for ensuring better reconstruction of mandible function. According to the results of in vivo experiments, the bone regenerated using hierarchical vascularized engineered bone is similar to the natural mandibular bone in terms of morphology and genomics. The sonic hedgehog signaling pathway is specifically activated in hierarchical vascularized engineered bone, indicating that the new bone in hierarchical vascularized engineered bone underwent a process of intramembranous ossification identical to that of mandible development. Thus, hierarchical vascularized engineered bone has a high potential for clinical application in mandibular defect reconstruction. Moreover, the concept based on developmental processes and bionic structures provides an effective strategy for tissue regeneration.
Medial prefrontal cortex Notch1 signalling mediates methamphetamine-induced psychosis via Hes1-dependent suppression of GABAB1 receptor expression
Authors: Ni Tong , Zhu Li , Wang Shuai , Zhu Weili , Xue Yanxue , Zhu Yingjie , Ma Dongliang , Wang Hongyan , Guan Fanglin , Chen Teng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMethamphetamine (METH), a widely abused stimulant drug, induces psychosis in approximately half of abusers; this effect is becoming a major concern for society. Although the Notch1 signalling pathway has been shown to play a part in the pathogenesis of some psychiatric disorders, its role in METH-induced psychosis (MIP) is still unknown. Here, the METH-induced locomotor sensitization model in rodents is considered to represent the underlying neurochemical changes driving psychoses. We found that the Notch1 signalling was downregulated in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in sensitized mice. Direct genetic and pharmacological manipulations of Notch1 signalling bidirectionally altered METH-induced locomotor sensitization and other MIP-related behaviours through governing neuronal activity in the mPFC. Moreover, Notch1 signalling negatively regulated GABAB1 receptor expression in the mPFC of METH-sensitized mice through Hes1, a transcriptional repressor in Notch1 signalling. Further, we show that Hes1 can directly bind to the GABAB1 receptor promoter. Notably, pharmacological regulation of the GABAB receptor in the mPFC reversed the changes in METH-induced locomotor sensitization caused by the dysfunction of Notch1 signalling. Together, our findings uncover a previously unrecognised Notch1-Hes1-GABAB1 receptor-dependent mechanism involved in regulating mPFC neuronal activity and behavioural phenotypes in MIP. Our work provides mechanistic insight into the aetiology and pathophysiology of MIP.
Fetal endothelial colony-forming cell impairment after maternal kidney transplantation
Authors: Meyer Nadia , Vu Thu Huong , Brodowski Lars , Schröder-Heurich Bianca , von Kaisenberg Constantin , von Versen-Höynck Frauke 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Successful pregnancies are nowadays possible after kidney transplantation but are associated with a higher incidence of maternal and fetal complications. Immunosuppressive therapy causes cardiovascular side effects but must be maintained during pregnancy. Little is known about the consequences of maternal kidney transplantation on offspring’s endothelial health. Endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) represent a highly proliferative subtype of endothelial progenitor cells and are crucial for vascular homeostasis, repair and neovascularization. Therefore, we investigated whether maternal kidney transplantation affects fetal ECFCs’ characteristics.

Methods
ECFCs were isolated from umbilical cord blood of uncomplicated and post-kidney-transplant pregnancies and analyzed for their functional abilities with proliferation, cell migration, centrosome orientation and angiogenesis assays. Further, ECFCs from uncomplicated pregnancies were exposed to either umbilical cord serum from uncomplicated or post-kidney-transplant pregnancies.

Results
Post-kidney-transplant ECFCs showed significantly less proliferation, less migration and less angiogenesis compared to control ECFCs. The presence of post-kidney-transplant umbilical cord serum led to similar functional aberrations of ECFCs from uncomplicated pregnancies.

Conclusions
These pilot data demonstrate differences in ECFCs’ biological characteristics in offspring of women after kidney transplantation. Further studies are needed to monitor offspring’s long-term cardiovascular development and to assess possible causal relationships with immunosuppressants, uremia and maternal cardiovascular alterations.

Impact

Pregnancy after kidney transplantation has become more common in the past years but is associated with higher complications for mother and offspring.

Little is known of the impact of maternal kidney transplantation and the mandatory immunosuppressive therapy on offspring vascular development.

In this study we are the first to address and detect an impairment of endothelial progenitor cell function in offspring of kidney-transplanted mothers.

Serum from post-transplant pregnancies also causes negative effects on ECFCs’ function.

Clinical studies should focus on long-term monitoring of offspring’s cardiovascular health.
Statins and prostate cancer—hype or hope? The epidemiological perspective
Authors: Craig Emma L. , Stopsack Konrad H. , Evergren Emma , Penn Linda Z. , Freedland Stephen J. , Hamilton Robert J. , Allott Emma H. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Men using cholesterol-lowering statin medications have been found to have lower risks of both advanced and fatal prostate cancer in multiple registry-based studies and prospective cohort studies. Statin use has also been associated with longer survival among men already diagnosed with prostate cancer. Mechanisms responsible for purported anti-cancer effects of statins are not well understood but may offer insight into prostate cancer biology.

Methods
We summarise epidemiological data from studies of statins and prostate cancer and discuss to what extent these findings can be interpreted as causal. Additionally, lipid-mediated and non-lipid-mediated mechanisms that may contribute to potential anti-cancer effects of statins are reviewed. Finally, we consider treatment settings and molecular subgroups of men who might benefit more than others from statin use in terms of prostate cancer-specific outcomes.

Results
Data from prospective observational studies generally reported a lower risk of fatal prostate cancer among statin users. There is some evidence for serum cholesterol-lowering as an indirect mechanism linking statins with advanced and fatal prostate cancer. Window-of-opportunity clinical trials show measurable levels of statins in prostate tissue highlighting potential for direct effects, whilst observational data suggest possible statin-driven modulation of prostate microenvironment inflammation. Additionally, emerging data from registry studies support a potential role for statins within the context of androgen deprivation therapy and anti-androgen treatment.

Conclusion
Prospective and registry-based studies support a lower risk of advanced and fatal prostate cancer in statin users relative to non-users, as well as better outcomes among prostate cancer patients. The few randomised-controlled trials conducted so far have short follow-up, lack identified molecular subgroups, and do not provide additional support for the observational results. Consequently, additional evidence is required to determine which men may experience greatest benefit in terms of prostate cancer-specific outcomes and how statin effects may vary according to molecular tumour characteristics.
Dietary folate drives methionine metabolism to promote cancer development by stabilizing MAT IIA
Authors: Li Jin-Tao , Yang Hai , Lei Ming-Zhu , Zhu Wei-Ping , Su Ying , Li Kai-Yue , Zhu Wen-Ying , Wang Jian , Zhang Lei , Qu Jia , Lv Lei , Lu Hao-Jie , Chen Zheng-Jun , Wang Lu , Yin Miao , Lei Qun-Ying 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFolic acid, served as dietary supplement, is closely linked to one-carbon metabolism and methionine metabolism. Previous clinical evidence indicated that folic acid supplementation displays dual effect on cancer development, promoting or suppressing tumor formation and progression. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be uncovered. Here, we report that high-folate diet significantly promotes cancer development in mice with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced by DEN/high-fat diet (HFD), simultaneously with increased expression of methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (gene name, MAT2A; protein name, MATIIα), the key enzyme in methionine metabolism, and acceleration of methionine cycle in cancer tissues. In contrast, folate-free diet reduces MATIIα expression and impedes HFD-induced HCC development. Notably, methionine metabolism is dynamically reprogrammed with valosin-containing protein p97/p47 complex-interacting protein (VCIP135) which functions as a deubiquitylating enzyme to bind and stabilize MATIIα in response to folic acid signal. Consistently, upregulation of MATIIα expression is positively correlated with increased VCIP135 protein level in human HCC tissues compared to adjacent tissues. Furthermore, liver-specific knockout of Mat2a remarkably abolishes the advocating effect of folic acid on HFD-induced HCC, demonstrating that the effect of high or free folate-diet on HFD-induced HCC relies on Mat2a. Moreover, folate and multiple intermediate metabolites in one-carbon metabolism are significantly decreased in vivo and in vitro upon Mat2a deletion. Together, folate promotes the integration of methionine and one-carbon metabolism, contributing to HCC development via hijacking MATIIα metabolic pathway. This study provides insight into folate-promoted cancer development, strongly recommending the tailor-made folate supplement guideline for both sub-healthy populations and patients with cancer expressing high level of MATIIα expression.
Many-body theory of positron binding to polyatomic molecules
Authors: Hofierka Jaroslav , Cunningham Brian , Rawlins Charlie M. , Patterson Charles H. , Green Dermot G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPositron binding to molecules is key to extremely enhanced positron annihilation and positron-based molecular spectroscopy1. Although positron binding energies have been measured for about 90 polyatomic molecules1–6, an accurate ab initio theoretical description of positron–molecule binding has remained elusive. Of the molecules studied experimentally, ab initio calculations exist for only six; these calculations agree with experiments on polar molecules to at best 25 per cent accuracy and fail to predict binding in nonpolar molecules. The theoretical challenge stems from the need to accurately describe the strong many-body correlations including polarization of the electron cloud, screening of the electron–positron Coulomb interaction and the unique process of virtual-positronium formation (in which a molecular electron temporarily tunnels to the positron)1. Here we develop a many-body theory of positron–molecule interactions that achieves excellent agreement with experiment (to within 1 per cent in cases) and predicts binding in formamide and nucleobases. Our framework quantitatively captures the role of many-body correlations and shows their crucial effect on enhancing binding in polar molecules, enabling binding in nonpolar molecules, and increasing annihilation rates by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude. Our many-body approach can be extended to positron scattering and annihilation γ-ray spectra in molecules and condensed matter, to provide the fundamental insight and predictive capability required to improve materials science diagnostics7,8, develop antimatter-based technologies (including positron traps, beams and positron emission tomography)8–10, and understand positrons in the Galaxy11.
Engineering topological states in atom-based semiconductor quantum dots
Authors: Kiczynski M. , Gorman S. K. , Geng H. , Donnelly M. B. , Chung Y. , He Y. , Keizer J. G. , Simmons M. Y. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe realization of controllable fermionic quantum systems via quantum simulation is instrumental for exploring many of the most intriguing effects in condensed-matter physics1–3. Semiconductor quantum dots are particularly promising for quantum simulation as they can be engineered to achieve strong quantum correlations. However, although simulation of the Fermi–Hubbard model4and Nagaoka ferromagnetism5have been reported before, the simplest one-dimensional model of strongly correlated topological matter, the many-body Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model6–11, has so far remained elusive—mostly owing to the challenge of precisely engineering long-range interactions between electrons to reproduce the chosen Hamiltonian. Here we show that for precision-placed atoms in silicon with strong Coulomb confinement, we can engineer a minimum of six all-epitaxial in-plane gates to tune the energy levels across a linear array of ten quantum dots to realize both the trivial and the topological phases of the many-body SSH model. The strong on-site energies (about 25 millielectronvolts) and the ability to engineer gates with subnanometre precision in a unique staggered design allow us to tune the ratio between intercell and intracell electron transport to observe clear signatures of a topological phase with two conductance peaks at quarter-filling, compared with the ten conductance peaks of the trivial phase. The demonstration of the SSH model in a fermionic system isomorphic to qubits showcases our highly controllable quantum system and its usefulness for future simulations of strongly interacting electrons.