bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic‐assisted reinforcement and annealing treatment of additive manufacturing polyether‐ether‐ketone
Authors: Qu Han , Wu Zhenxu , Hou Liyao , Zhang Zhongtan , Wu Wenzheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFused filament fabrication (FFF) printing had the advantages of simple structure, low cost, and simple process. As the requirement for high‐performance special engineering plastics was increasing progressively, FFF 3D printing technology with Polyether‐ether‐ketone (PEEK) as the typical material was also developing rapidly. It was worth noting that there were unavoidable defects caused by comprehensive factors of FFF 3D printing forming conditions and printing equipment. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to investigate the most reasonable composite post‐treatment process route between ultrasonic‐assisted reinforcement and annealing technology, with the overarching goal of improving the crystallinity, eliminating, and reducing the inevitable internal voids in the printing process, and enhancing the comprehensive mechanical properties. Our experiments showed that ultrasonic‐assisted reinforcement, annealing treatment, and the composite processes can improve the tensile properties of FFF printed PEEK samples. The composite process of ultrasonic‐assisted reinforcement followed by annealing treatment was the most suitable process route because it increased the maximum tensile yield strength by 7.5% to 86.5 ± 0.43 MPa and the crystallinity by 2.4%. Moreover, the porosity was reduced by 65.6% to 1.08 ± 0.12% compared to the original FFF printed samples. Therefore, our investigations on the composite post‐treatment technology of ultrasonic‐assisted reinforcement and annealing treatment had laid a theoretical foundation for its industrial application, which would have a great research significance and application value.
Periodic breathing in clinically stable very preterm infants
Authors: Yee Alicia K. , Siriwardhana Leon S. , Nixon Gillian M. , Walter Lisa M. , Wong Flora Y. , Horne Rosemary S. C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the frequency and severity of periodic breathing (PB) in clinically stable very preterm infants and identify infant and maternal factors associated with increased time spent and severity of PB in these infants.MethodThirty‐eight infants (28–32 weeks gestational age) who were ≥3 days off noninvasive respiratory support, were studied for 2–3 h with a daytime sleep study at 31–36 weeks postmenstrual age. Percent total sleep time spent in PB (%TSTPB) and time spent with SpO2 <90%, <80%, and cerebral oxygenation <55% during PB were calculated. Infant and maternal characteristics were correlated with %TSTPB and hypoxia during PB.ResultsThe majority of infants (92%) had at least one episode of PB and infants spent a median 9.1 [interquartile range: 1.2, 15.5] %TSTPB. 80%, 37%, and 37% of infants experienced SpO2 <90%, <80% and cerebral oxygenation <55%, respectively, during PB. Shorter duration of respiratory support, multigravida, multiparity, and maternal vitamin D deficiency were associated with higher %TSTPB. Multigravida, shorter duration on respiratory support, apnea of prematurity, and resuscitation at birth were associated with hypoxia during PB.ConclusionsThe majority of very preterm infants exhibited PB when they were off respiratory support and considered clinically stable. The time spent in PB was very variable between infants and was associated with significant hypoxia in some infants. Fewer days spent on respiratory support was associated with both increased frequency and severity of PB. However, the potential contribution of PB to neurocognitive outcomes remains uncertain and warrants further investigations.
Agricultural weeds: the contribution of domesticated species to the origin and evolution of feral weeds
Authors: Vercellino Román B , Hernández Fernando , Pandolfo Claudio , Ureta Soledad , Presotto Alejandro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAgricultural weeds descended from domesticated ancestors, directly from crops (endoferality) and/or from crop–wild hybridization (exoferality), may have evolutionary advantages by rapidly acquiring traits pre‐adapted to agricultural habitats. Understanding the role of crops on the origin and evolution of agricultural weeds is essential to develop more effective weed management programs, minimize crop losses due to weeds, and accurately assess the risks of cultivated genes escaping. In this review, we first describe relevant traits of weediness: shattering, seed dormancy, branching, early flowering and rapid growth, and their role in the feralization process. Furthermore, we discuss how the design of “super‐crops” can affect weed evolution. We then searched for literature documenting cases of agricultural weeds descended from well‐domesticated crops, and describe six case studies of feral weeds evolved from major crops: maize, radish, rapeseed, rice, sorghum, and sunflower. Further studies on the origin and evolution of feral weeds can improve our understanding of the physiological and genetic mechanisms underpinning the adaptation to agricultural habitats and may help to develop more effective weed‐control practices and breeding better crops. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Molecular Docking Approach For Design and Synthesis of Thioxanthone Derivatives as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Hermawan Faris , Jumina  , Pranowo Harno Dwi , Sholikhah Eti Nurwening , Iresha Muthia Rahayu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThioxanthone derivatives were docked, synthesized, and tested for their anticancer activity. The molecular docking results showed that 1‐hydroxythioxanthone, 2‐chloro‐1‐hydroxythioxanthone, and 4‐chloro‐1‐hydroxythioxanthone gave lower binding energy than erlotinib demonstrating that those thioxanthones have stronger interaction in the active site of EGFR protein. The addition of one hydroxyl and chloro groups on 1‐hydroxythioxanthone greatly enhanced its inhibition in EGFR protein. All thioxanthone derivatives had hydrogen bonding interaction with MET769 residue. Thein vitroanticancer assay against all cancer cells (T47D, HeLa, WiDr, A549) revealed that 2‐chloro‐1‐hydroxythioxanthone and 4‐chloro‐1‐hydroxythioxanthone gave lower IC50than 1‐hydroxythioxanthone due to the addition of one chloro substituent. Meanwhile, 1,3‐dihydroxythioxanthone exhibited the strongest anticancer activity, as well as the highest selectivity index (3.22–19.55) among the other thioxanthones. Based on these findings, 1,3‐dihydroxythioxanthone is a potential anticancer drug candidate for further development in the future.
A New Support Film for Cryo Electron Microscopy Protein Structure Analysis Based on Covalently Functionalized Graphene
Authors: Nickl Philip , Hilal Tarek , Olal Daniel , Donskyi Ievgen Sergeevitch , Radnik Jörg , Ludwig Kai , Haag Rainer 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProtein adsorption at the air–water interface is a serious problem in cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) as it restricts particle orientations in the vitrified ice‐film and promotes protein denaturation. To address this issue, the preparation of a graphene‐based modified support film for coverage of conventional holey carbon transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids is presented. The chemical modification of graphene sheets enables the universal covalent anchoring of unmodified proteins via inherent surface‐exposed lysine or cysteine residues in a one‐step reaction. Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) trough approach is applied for deposition of functionalized graphene sheets onto commercially available holey carbon TEM grids. The application of the modified TEM grids in single particle analysis (SPA) shows high protein binding to the surface of the graphene‐based support film. Suitability for high resolution structure determination is confirmed by SPA of apoferritin. Prevention of protein denaturation at the air–water interface and improvement of particle orientations is shown using human 20S proteasome, demonstrating the potential of the support film for structural biology.
Mapping Nanomechanical Properties of Basal Surfaces in Metastatic Intestinal 3D Living Organoids with High‐Speed Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy
Authors: Wang Dong , Nguyen Han Gia , Nakayama Mizuho , Oshima Hiroko , Sun Linhao , Oshima Masanobu , Watanabe Shinji 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStudying mechanobiology is increasing of scientific interests in life science and nanotechnology since its impact on cell activities (e.g., adhesion, migration), physiology, and pathology. The role of apical surface (AS) and basal surface (BS) of cells played in mechanobiology is significant. The mechanical mapping and analysis of cells mainly focus on AS while little is known about BS. Here, high‐speed scanning ion conductance microscope as a powerful tool is utilized to simultaneously reveal morphologies and local elastic modulus (E) of BS of genotype‐defined metastatic intestinal organoids. A simple method is developed to prepare organoid samples allowing for long‐term BS imaging. The multiple nano/microstructures, i.e., ridge‐like, stress‐fiber, and E distributions on BS are dynamically revealed. The statistic E analysis shows softness of BS derived from eight types of organoids following a ranking: malignant tumor cells > benign tumor cells > normal cells. Moreover, the correlation factor between morphology and E is demonstrated depending on cell types. This work as first example reveals the subcellular morphologies and E distributions of BS of cells. The results would provide a clue for correlating genotype of 3D cells to malignant phenotype reflected by E and offering a promising strategy for early‐stage diagnosis of cancer.
Bias Starts Early. Let's Start Now: Developing an Anti‐Racist, Anti‐Bias Book Collection for Infants and Toddlers
Authors: Gardner‐Neblett Nicole , Addie Atiya , Eddie Anissa L. , Chapman Sandra K. , Duke Nell K. , Vallotton Claire D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDuring the first year of life, children begin to develop preferences for their own racial group over others. To interrupt the development of these and other biases during infancy and toddlerhood, educators can use books to promote anti‐racist and anti‐bias thinking and behaviors in children, while also supporting children's emergent literacy. This article presents criteria for educators to consider as they curate a collection of developmentally appropriate books for infant/toddler classroom libraries. In doing so, educators can expose children to positive representations of others and cultivate respect for children and their communities. We offer practical information about how educators can use these books to promote anti‐racist and anti‐bias education during the first years of life.
Point‐of‐care multiplexed single‐cell protein secretion analysis based on tyramide signal amplification
Authors: Zhu Fengjiao , Liu Songnan , Bai Xue , Liu Xianming , Lin Bingcheng , Lu Yao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSecreted proteins are critical mediators in various biological systems, including the immune system, nervous system, and tumor microenvironment. Understanding profound cellular functional heterogeneity in secretion requires multiplexed secreted protein analysis at the single‐cell level. However, most single‐cell protein secretion analysis technologies rely on bulky, expensive instruments, preventing widespread use. Herein, we proposed using a portable and low‐cost desktop scanner to detect multiplexed proteins secreted from single cells. Gold nanoparticle‐enhanced silver staining and tyramide signal amplification are combined to construct a two‐step amplification for single‐cell secretion assay detection. We used this approach to investigate the heterogeneous immune response of macrophages at the single‐cell level, which revealed that only a minority of cells could secrete 10‐fold more MCP‐1 and TNF‐α than the averaged secretion. The reported platform eliminates bulky equipment for single‐cell secretion analysis, making it affordable for basic and clinical research.
Introduction
Authors: Naef Tobias 
Published: December 2022

AbstractData protection is an area where fundamental rights collide with trade policy. Personal data has become an essential asset for the digital economy. Consequently, the free flow of personal data across borders has been described as a “new battleground” for states trying to protect their vital economic and non-economic interests—especially now that trade negotiations are shifting to digital trade. There is a deep disagreement about when data protection should be considered data protectionism. This research explores EU-style data protection and shows where the line between data protection and data protectionism in international trade law currently is, and how it can, or should be redrawn.
Multi-material design optimization of optical properties of particulate products by discrete dipole approximation and sequential global programming
Authors: Nees Nico , Pflug Lukas , Mann Benjamin , Stingl Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe optimal design of nanoparticles with respect to their optical properties is one of the main foci within nanoparticle technology. In this contribution, we suggest a new design optimization method in the framework of which the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) is used to approximate the solution of Maxwell’s equation in time-harmonic form. In the core of the optimization method, each dipole is repeatedly assigned a material property from a given material catalog until a local minimum for the chosen design objective is obtained. The design updates are computed using a separable model of the optimization objective, which can be solved to global optimality, giving rise to a sequential global optimization (SGP) algorithm. We suggest different types of separable models, among them exact separable models as well as tight approximations of the latter which are numerically tractable. The application of the DDA method in the framework of structural design methods widens the spectrum of numerically tractable layout problems in optical applications as, compared to finite element based approaches, significantly more complex design spaces can be investigated.
A long-term charge/discharge cycle at Mt. Etna volcano revealed through absolute gravity and GPS measurements
Authors: Greco Filippo , Bonforte Alessandro , Carbone Daniele 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe present results of repeated absolute gravity and GPS measurements, carried out at Mt. Etna volcano between 2009 and 2018. Absolute gravity measurements are rarely performed along arrays of stations on active volcanoes and, through our unprecedented dataset, we highlight the possibilities of this method to track underground mass changes over long time-scales. Analysis of the residual absolute gravity data and ground deformation reveals a cycle of gravity increase and uplift during 2009 to 2011, followed by gravity decrease and subsidence during 2011 to 2014. Data inversion points to a common mass and pressure source, lying beneath the summit area of the volcano, at depth of ~ 5 km b.s.l. The bulk volume change inferred by the inversion of the deformation data can account for only a small portion of the mass change needed to explain the correspondent gravity variations. We propose that the observed relationship between gravity and vertical deformation was mostly due to the compressibility of the magma in the inferred reservoir, which, in turn, was enhanced by the presence of exsolved gas. Overall, the gravity and deformation data we present reveal a cycle of magma recharge (2009–2011) and discharge (2011–2014) to/from the inferred storage zone. During the recharge phase only degassing occurred from the summit craters of Mt. Etna. During the following phase of discharge, the magma lost from the reservoir at ~ 5 km b.s.l. fed the exceptional phase of volcanic activity during 2011–2014, when tens of lava fountaining episodes took place.
Gradient regularity in mixed local and nonlocal problems
Authors: De Filippis Cristiana , Mingione Giuseppe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMinimizers of functionals of the type$$\begin{aligned} w\mapsto \int _{\Omega }[|Dw|^{p}-fw]\,\textrm{d}x+\int _{{\mathbb {R}}^{n}}\int _{{\mathbb {R}}^{n}}\frac{|w(x)-w(y)|^{\gamma }}{|x-y|^{n+s\gamma }}\,\textrm{d}x\,\textrm{d}y\end{aligned}$$w↦∫Ω[|Dw|p-fw]dx+∫Rn∫Rn|w(x)-w(y)|γ|x-y|n+sγdxdywith$$p, \gamma>1>s >0$$p,γ>1>s>0and$$p> s\gamma $$p>sγ, are locally$$C^{1, \alpha }$$C1,α-regular in$$\Omega $$Ωand globally Hölder continuous.
Phantom-based evaluation of yttrium-90 datasets using biograph vision quadra
Authors: Zeimpekis Konstantinos G. , Mercolli Lorenzo , Conti Maurizio , Sari Hasan , Prenosil George , Shi Kuangyu , Rominger Axel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The image quality characteristics of two NEMA phantoms with yttrium-90 (90Y) were evaluated on a long axial field-of-view (AFOV) PET/CT. The purpose was to identify the optimized reconstruction setup for the imaging of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after 90Y radioembolization.

Methods
Two NEMA phantoms were used, where one had a 1:10 sphere to background activity concentration ratio and the second had cold background. Reconstruction parameters used are as follows: iterations 2 to 8, Gaussian filter 2- to 6-mm full-width-at-half-maximum, reconstruction matrices 440 × 440 and 220 × 220, high sensitivity (HS), and ultra-high sensitivity (UHS) modes. 50-, 40-, 30-, 20-, 10-, and 5-min acquisitions were reconstructed. The measurements included recovery coefficients (RC), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), background variability, and lung error which measures the residual error in the corrections. Patient data were reconstructed with 20-, 10-, 5-, and 1-min time frames and evaluated in terms of SNR.

Results
The RC for the hot phantom was 0.36, 0.45, 0.53, 0.63, 0.68, and 0.84 for the spheres with diameters of 10, 13, 17, 22, 28, and 37 mm, respectively, for UHS 2 iterations, a 220 × 220 matrix, and 50-min acquisition. The RC values did not differ with acquisition times down to 20 min. The SNR was the highest for 2 iterations, measured 11.7, 16.6, 17.6, 19.4, 21.9, and 27.7 while the background variability was the lowest (27.59, 27.08, 27.36, 26.44, 30.11, and 33.51%). The lung error was 18%. For the patient dataset, the SNR was 19%, 20%, 24%, and 31% higher for 2 iterations compared to 4 iterations for 20-, 10-, 5-, and 1-min time frames, respectively.

Conclusions
This study evaluates the NEMA image quality of a long AFOV PET/CT scanner with 90Y. It provides high RC for the smallest sphere compared to other standard AFOV scanners at shorter scan times. The maximum patient SNR was for 2 iterations, 20 min, while 5 min delivers images with acceptable SNR.
Fair Allocation of Indivisible Items with Conflict Graphs
Authors: Chiarelli Nina , Krnc Matjaž , Milanič Martin , Pferschy Ulrich , Pivač Nevena , Schauer Joachim 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe consider the fair allocation of indivisible items to several agents and add a graph theoretical perspective to this classical problem. Namely, we introduce an incompatibility relation between pairs of items described in terms of a conflict graph. Every subset of items assigned to one agent has to form an independent set in this graph. Thus, the allocation of items to the agents corresponds to a partial coloring of the conflict graph. Every agent has its own profit valuation for every item. Aiming at a fair allocation, our goal is the maximization of the lowest total profit of items allocated to any one of the agents. The resulting optimization problem contains, as special cases, both Partition and Independent Set. In our contribution we derive complexity and algorithmic results depending on the properties of the given graph. We show that the problem is strongly NP-hard for bipartite graphs and their line graphs, and solvable in pseudo-polynomial time for the classes of chordal graphs, cocomparability graphs, biconvex bipartite graphs, and graphs of bounded treewidth. Each of the pseudo-polynomial algorithms can also be turned into a fully polynomial approximation scheme (FPTAS).
Translation and Validation of the Dysphagia Handicap Index in Polish-Speaking Patients
Authors: Sielska-Badurek Ewelina M. , Sobol Maria , Chmilewska-Walczak Joanna , Jamróz Barbara , Niemczyk Kazimierz 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDysphagia Handicap Index (DHI) is a self-assessment questionnaire which consists of 25 statements to examine three aspects of dysphagia patients’ quality of life (QoL): functional, physical, and emotional. The patient can get a maximum score of 100 points. The study goal was to validate and translate the Polish version of the DHI (PL-DHI). One hundred and seventy-eight (178) individuals with oropharyngeal dysphagia with different etiology and 35 (thirty-five) asymptomatic adults with no history of swallowing disorders filled out the PL-DHI. Internal consistency was determined using Cronbach alpha coefficient, which was high for the total PL-DHI score (0.962). The reproducibility was high (r-Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.97 for total PL-DHI score). The PL-DHI’s total score and its subscales were significantly higher in the dysphagia patients study group (SG) than in the healthy controls group (CG) (SG median: 36; CG median: 4). A strong correlation was observed between the PL-DHI score and the self-reported dysphagia severity measure (Spearman’s correlation coefficient was 0.859, p < 0.001). The Polish DHI is a reliable and valid questionnaire for assessing dysphagia patients’ QoL.
Pulse, Shunt and Storage: Hydrological Contraction Shapes Processing and Export of Particulate Organic Matter in River Networks
Authors: Catalàn Núria , Campo Rubén del , Talluto Lauren , Mendoza-Lera Clara , Grandi Giulia , Bernal Susana , Schiller Daniel von , Singer Gabriel , Bertuzzo Enrico 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStreams and rivers act as landscape-scale bioreactors processing large quantities of terrestrial particulate organic matter (POM). This function is linked to their flow regime, which governs residence times, shapes organic matter reactivity and controls the amount of carbon (C) exported to the atmosphere and coastal oceans. Climate change impacts flow regimes by increasing both flash floods and droughts. Here, we used a modelling approach to explore the consequences of lateral hydrological contraction, that is, the reduction of the wet portion of the streambed, for POM decomposition and transport at the river network scale. Our model integrates seasonal leaf litter input as generator of POM, transient storage of POM on wet and dry streambed portions with associated decomposition and ensuing changes in reactivity, and transport dynamics through a dendritic river network. Simulations showed that the amount of POM exported from the river network and its average reactivity increased with lateral hydrological contraction, due to the combination of (1) low processing of POM while stored on dry streambeds, and (2) large shunting during flashy events. The sensitivity analysis further supported that high lateral hydrological contraction leads to higher export of higher reactivity POM, regardless of transport coefficient values, average reactivity of fresh leaf litter and differences between POM reactivity under wet and dry conditions. Our study incorporates storage in dry streambed areas into the pulse-shunt concept (Raymond and others in Ecology 97(1):5–16, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1890/14-1684.1), providing a mechanistic framework and testable predictions about leaf litter storage, transport and decomposition in fluvial networks.