bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact and Sustainability Of Hand Hygiene on Health Facilities in the Context of Covid-19 Pandemic. A case of Busia County, Kenya.
Authors: Okedi William , Wakoli Caroline Atieno , Emojong Irene 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction Health care associated infections including Covid-19 are drawing attention from patients, insurers and Governments worldwide because of the magnitude of the problem i.e. morbidity, mortality and treatment, although these are preventable. Literature review shows there is very little published information on hand washing practices of health care workers in Kenya. This study provides important inputs for planning, policy making and informs future research areas and methods. Methods A cross sectional study design was conducted in Matayos, Teso South and Teso North sub-counties of Busia County. The study covered 33 consenting health workers in 7 health facilities. An interview guide and observation checklist were used to collect data and to ascertain availability of hygiene and sanitation facilities. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data while quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results That there was no policy on hand hygiene in 6 (86%) health facilities; awareness about hand hygiene was high; knowledge on critical moments for hand hygiene was unsatisfactory but nurses scored better. Only 44% respondents knew effectiveness of alcohol based sanitizer; on disposal of waste, maternity wards ranked highest 6(87.7%) complying. Laxity in enforcing obligatory use of hand hygiene was high only 2(28.6%.) of facilities complying. Respondents attributed reduction in diarrheal infections and improvements in sanitation during covid-19 pandemic to rigorous hand hygiene practices. Found that hand hygiene compliance by health care workers can reduce infections in health facilities. That lack of piped water, erratic supply of soap, sanitizers and dependency on external partners were perceived to be important barriers for the sustainability of hand washing practices. Conclusion 1. The hand hygiene initiative has occupied a new and important place in the minds of health workers, policy makers and communities due to its contribution in the prevention and control of one of the most serious diseases of the 21st century. 2. The initiative has presented a compelling case for investment in preventive and promotive health and demonstrated the power of the old adage “prevention is better than cure”. 3. Purposeful partnerships and collaborations are powerful tools to achieve common goals. The study also exposed various systemic weaknesses within the public health sector and the political leadership that needs to be addressed to ensure sustainability of hand hygiene.
Metadichol, A natural ligand for expression of Yamanaka reprogramming factors in somatic and primary cancer cell lines
Authors: Raghavan P.R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

The conversion of somatic cells back into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or embryonic-like stem cells involves the introduction of four genes commonly called Yamanaka factors, i.e., Sox2, Oct4, Klf4, and c-Myc, into the cells. Because these genes and the viral vectors used to introduce them into cells have the potential to cause cancer, iPSC lines are not clinically useful. Most instances of direct reprogramming have achieved have been by the forced expression of defined factors using viral vectors. Here, we show that Metadichol® has the potential to generate iPSCs non-virally and may be helpful in clinical applications. Metadichol is a nanoformulation of long-chain alcohols derived from food. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting showed that OCT4, SOX2, and Nanog are expressed when fibroblasts were treated with Metadichol at one picogram to 100 nanograms. Reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) also revealed that OCT4, KLF4, Nanog, and Sox2 levels increased compared to controls by 4.01, 3.51 and 1.26, and 2.5-fold, respectively, in A549 cancer cells. In Colo-205 cells, OCT4, KLF4, and Sox2 were increased by 1.79, 13.17, and 2.25folds, respectively. Metadichol treatment with triple-negative primary breast cancer (HCAF-TNPBC) primary cancer cells led to multifold increases of OKSM factors by 19, 6, 8.07, 2.45, and 6.91folds in concentration ranges one picogram to 100 nano grams. Metadichol is a natural product that induces the expression of Yamanaka factors needed for reprogramming and Klotho, an anti-aging gene, and curbs the expression of the TP53 gene, which is critical for reprogramming somatic cells into IPSCs.Metadichol increases endogenous vitamin C levels, leading to the efficient reprogramming of somatic cells into iPSCs. Metadichol is nontoxic and commercially available as a nutritional supplement. Thus, it can be directly tested in vivo in human subjects to confirm that cells can indeed be programmed into a state of induced pluripotency and cause the mitigation of disease conditions.
Hydrogeological characterization of Terminal Complex aquifers using geoelectrical investigation to enhance groundwater prospecting in the arid environment of Chetma-Biskra, South-East of Algeria.
Authors: KESSASRA Farès , Mezerreg Nour-Houda , DEHIBI Djamel Eddine , DJARET Lamine , BOUHCHICHA Asma , MESBAH Mohamed 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Due to occurrence of groundwater in deeply buried aquifers with low recharge, water scarcity in Saharan and arid environments in Algeria was diagnosed in many populated regions such as Biskra. Constituting a transition hydrogeological area between the folded Atlasic domains in the North and the Saharan flat in the South, Biskra contains large groundwater resources in the terminal complex aquifers. 93% of water needs provides from groundwater and only 7% from surface water. But this region is facing to an acute shortage of water supply for domestic and irrigation demands because of the unappreciated groundwater prospecting and potentiality. Using an integrated approach which enclose geophysical investigation combined to geological and hydrogeological contexts at Chetma area, a deep structural form with significant hydrogeological features was highlighted and confirmed the accumulation of groundwater. Two resistant limestone anticlines called Droh anticlines corresponding to a piezometric dome and a syncline filled with conductive deposit materials were identified. Maastrichtian limestone consists of cracked and thick aquifer formation about 200 to 350 m, together with marl limestone and limestone of the lower Eocene forms a complex aquifer. Pumped boreholes, deep about 400 m, present a mixture of water giving large flow rate ranged from 25 to 90 l/s and constitutes a pattern produce zones of water accumulation. Nevertheless, at 300 m of depth, flow rate offers an average of 40 l/s and capturing mainly Maastrichtian limestone aquifer. However, synform geometries involving clay and marl formations have no hydrogeological interest. Occurrence of potential aquifers mostly identified in fractured zones was confirmed. This study gives insight to enhance groundwater prospecting and mobilization for 2030.
Mechanism of Icariin regulation of the effect of miR-122-5p in osteoblast-derived exosomes on osteogenesis and migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Yang Aofei , 刘 lxz , Yang Lu , Xu Haijia , Hu Jing , Cai Hantao , Ning Yu , Li Zhanghua 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) is a common orthopaedic disease due to bone defects. However, few clear methods to treat ANFH in clinical practice are known. Many findings suggest that promoting the osteogenic differentiation and directional migration of stem cells may be a key method for bone regeneration. Over time, an increasing number of researchers have begun to focus on Chinese medicine and Chinese medicinal extracts; Epimedium is the Chinese herbal medicine studied in the most detail in the field of bone regeneration, and Icariin (ICA) is one of the main active ingredients in Epimedium.
Objective
This study aimed to explore the effects of ICA on the osteogenic differentiation and migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and reveal its mechanism to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of ANFH.
Methods
After primary BMSCs were freshly isolated from a normal rabbit and treated with various concentrations of ICA, the activity and proliferation of BMSCs were detected by CCK-8 assay, and the mineralized nodules was detected by Alizarin Red staining, to determine the optimal concentration of ICA. qPCR and western blot were used to demostrate the effects of ICA on the osteogenic differentiation and migration of BMSCs. Osteoblasts-derived exosomes (OB-exos) were extracted and analysed by high-throughput sequencing. Effect of ICA combined with OB-exos were analysed. And miRNA mimic and an miRNA inhibitor were synthetised to verify the osteogenic differentiation and migration of BMSCs alone or co-cultured with ICA.
Results
The CCK-8 assay and Alizarin Red staining showed that the optimal concentration of ICA is 1×10− 7 M. ICA could effectively promote the osteogenic differentiation and migration of BMSCs, and this could be enhanced after co-culturing with OB-exos. The four miRNAs with the greatest concentrations in the OB-exos were let-7a-5p, miR-100-5p, miR-21-5p and miR-122-5p. qPCR and western blot showed that miR-122-5p mimic has positive effects on the osteogensis and migration, and its inhitiotr has negative effects. Simliarly, they could enhance or inhitor the effects of ICA, which means miR-122-5p may be the target of ICA.
Conclusion
Like the OB-exos, ICA could obviously promote the osteogenic differentiation and migration of BMSCs. The combination of ICA and OB-exos enhanced these effects, in which miR-122-5p plays a pivotal role.
Correlation of Clinicopathological Features and IL6 Expression in Tumor Budding of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Uehara Takeshi , Sato Koichi , Iwaya Mai , Nakajima Tomoyuki , Tobe Yosuke , Nagaya Tadanobu , Kitazawa Masato , Ota Hiroyoshi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose Interleukin-6 (IL6) is one of the main cytokines produced by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). IL6 is linked with cancer progression and poor prognosis by activating cancer cells and modifying the cancer microenvironment. However, little is known about the expression of IL6 in tumor budding (TB) and its association with TB in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Methods The clinicopathological and prognostic significance of IL6 in TB was examined using a tissue microarray consisting of 36 patient samples of TB in CA. IL6 mRNA was detected by RNAscope kit. Patients were stratified into negative and positive IL6 expression groups. Results IL6 expression was overwhelmingly observed in CAFs but was negligible in cancer cells. In the IL6-positive group in CAFs, TB grade was higher than in the IL6-negative group (P=0.0161). There was a significant difference in overall survival (OS) between CA cases in the IL6-positive group and the IL6-negative group (log rank test, P=0.0367). Cox proportional hazard regression model revealed that the IL6-negative group (OR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.05–0.96; P=0.0440) had better OS for CA than the IL6-positive group. Conclusions TB may be affected by IL6 expression, and IL6 expression in CAFs at TB may make IL6 an important prognostic marker.
FEATURES OF THE ADAPTATION OF THE IRISH NOBILITY, GENTRY AND LOWER SOCIAL ESTATE OF THE POPULATION IN LONDON SOCIETY AT THE END OF THE 17th – 18th CENTURIES
Authors: Лагошина Н.А. 
Published: June 2022

В данной статье анализируется процесс адаптации ирландцев в Лондоне в конце XVII–XVIII вв. Ирландская диаспора отличалась своей пестротой и разнообразием. Анализ источников позволяет выявить особенности адаптации представителей знати, джентри и низших слоев ирландского населения, а также изучить факторы и степень ассимиляции, особенности менталитета и идентичности разных групп переселенцев. Выясняются причины эффективной ассимиляции ирландской аристократии и джентри в английском обществе, а также стратегии и механизмы взаимодействия, позволяющие им добиться успеха и занять высокие должности в мегаполисе. Показано, что неприятие лондонским обществом и устойчивые стереотипы способствовали усилению общинного самосознания и маргинализации неимущих ирландцев. Автор делает вывод о том, что лондонская среда и атмосфера в корпорациях повлияли на идентичность ирландских студентов-юристов, государственных деятелей и торговцев, обучение и опыт взаимодействия с иностранными студентами и партнерами способствовали формированию новой формы идентичности ирландцев метрополииThis article analyzes the process of adaptation of the Irish in London at the end of the 17th – 18th centuries. The Irish diaspora was distinguished by its diversity and diversity. The analysis of sources makes it possible to identify the features of adaptation of representatives of the nobility, gentry and the lower strata of the Irish population, as well as to study the factors and degree of assimilation, mentality and identity of different groups of settlers. The reasons for the effective assimilation of the Irish aristocracy and gentry in English society, as well as the strategies and mechanisms of interaction that allow them to succeed and take high positions in the metropolis, are clarified. It is shown that the rejection of the London society and persistent stereotypes contributed to the strengthening of communal self-awareness and the marginalization of the poor Irish. The author concludes that the London environment and atmosphere in corporations influenced the identity of Irish law students, statesmen and merchants, training and experience of interaction with foreign students and partners contributed to the formation of a new form of identity for the metropolitan Irish
FROM AN UGLY HUNCHBACK TO A BLUE-EYED HANDSOME MAN THE FORMATION OF A NEW VISUAL IMAGE OF RICHARD III IN THE 21st CENTURY
Authors: Ласкова Н.В. 
Published: June 2022

Прослеживается устойчивость диаметрально противоположных представлений в массовом сознании и историографии о Ричарде III: от имиджа уродливого злодея, сформировавшегося в рамках «Тюдоровского мифа», до отстаиваемого «ричардианцами» образа оклеветанного тюдоровской пропагандой достойного и мужественного монарха. Отдельное внимание уделяется археологическим находкам в Лестере 2012 г. и вопросу о роли современных научных технологий, в частности, генетической идентификации, позволяющих усилить доказательную базу в затянувшемся на столетия «великом споре» о Ричарде III.
The paper traces the persistence of diametrically opposite views of Richard III in the mass consciousness and historiography: from the image of an ugly villain, formed as part of the “Tudor myth”, to the image of a dignified and courageous monarch slandered by the “Richardians”, defended by the Tudor propaganda. Particular attention is paid to the archaeological finds in Leicester in 2012 and the role of modern scientific technologies, in particular genetic identification, to strengthen the evidence in the “great controversy” about Richard III, which has been going on for centuries
Updates on the Synthetic Strategies and Structure-Activity Relationship of
Anticonvulsant Benzothiazole and Benzimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Chauhan Bharti , Kumar Rajnish , Mazumder Avijit , Salahuddin  , Singh Himanshu , Yadav Ranjeet Kumar , Abdullah Mohd. Mustaqeem 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by periodic and unpredictable seizures
affecting the neurobiological, psychological, cognitive, economic, and social well-being of patients.
It is one of the causes of concern in developed as well as developing countries as currently marketed
drugs are not capable of providing protection against it. Although several heterocyclic moieties have been
frequently used as building blocks for the preparation of anticonvulsant drugs, more focused and consistent
research on the synthesis of potential molecules with less adverse effects is the need of the hour. It
can be concluded on the basis of available research reports that among several heterocyclic compounds,
benzo-fused five-membered heterocyclic moieties (benzothiazole and benzimidazole) have been utilized
far less than their great potential as building blocks for the synthesis of anticonvulsant drugs. Various
reports clearly established that the required pharmacophore model could be easily achieved through benzothiazole
and benzimidazole moieties as two hetero atoms and aryl rings are present in the structure. The
present study highlights various synthetic approaches for anticonvulsant benzothiazole and benzimidazole
derivatives with their structure-activity relationship studies in order to provide a trove of knowledge to
medicinal chemists for future research.
Usefulness of High-Resolution Computed Tomography in Early Diagnosis
of Patients with Suspected COVID-19
Authors: Zurita-Cruz Jessie , Ronzón-Ronzón Alma Angélica , Salinas Brenda Aida Acevedo , Chapol José Agustín Mata , Soto Valdez Dalia María , Sánchez Silvia Refugio , Martínez Briceida López , Parra-Ortega Israel 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is mainly based on
molecular testing. General population studies have shown that chest Computed Tomography (CT)
can also be useful.

Objective:
The study aims to examine the usefulness of high-resolution chest CT for early diagnosis
of patients with suspected COVID-19.

Design And Setting:
This is a cross-sectional study from May 1, 2020, to August 31, 2021, at the
COVID Hospital, Mexico City.

Methods:
This study examined the clinical, high-resolution chest CT imaging, and laboratory data
of 160 patients who were suspected to have COVID-19. Patients with positive Reverse Transcription-
Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) testing and those with negative RT-PCR testing but
clinical data compatible with COVID-19 and positive antibody testing were considered to have
COVID-19 (positive). Sensitivity and specificity of CT for diagnosis of COVID-19 were calculated.
p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
Median age of 160 study patients was 58 years. The proportion of patients with groundglass
pattern was significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 than in those without COVID
(65.1% versus 0%; P = 0.005). COVID-19 was ruled out in sixteen (11.1%). Only four of the 132
patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (3.0%) did not show CT alterations (p < 0.001). Sensitivity
and specificity of CT for COVID-19 diagnosis were 96.7% and 42.8%, respectively.

Conclusions:
Chest CT can identify patients with COVID-19, as characteristic disease patterns
are observed on CT in the early disease stage.
Mitoresilience: Hormesis, Psycho-physical Resilience, Mitochondria and
Heart Rate Variability as Relevant Interplaying Elements in Longevity
Medicine
Authors: Cavezzi Attilio , Colucci Roberto , d’Errico Giovanni 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Psycho-biological resilience is considered one of the most important factors in the epigenetics
of aging. Cell senescence exhibits a series of possible biochemical derangements concerning
mitochondria, proteasome, genome and membranes. Research has shown that resilience can be
acquired through hormesis, a set of conservative and adaptive processes based on biphasic doseresponse
to specific mild stressors, such as fasting, intake of polyphenols, exercising, physical and
chemical stress and mental engagement. These stimuli were shown to elicit beneficial cellular metabolic
pathways, such as sirtuin activation, mechanistic target of rapamycin and insulin growth factor-
1 downregulation, nuclear related factor 2 upregulation and autophagy. The complex of these
resilience-building processes plays a documented role in longevity. Mitochondria are regarded as
one of the core actors of aging processes and represent the main target of hormetic approaches
[mitohormesis]; furthermore, the influence of the mind on mitochondria, and thus on the balance of
health and disease has been recently established, leading to the so-called mitochondria psychobiology.
Hence, psychologic and physical stress that reflects on these organelles may be regarded as a
relevant factor in cell senescence, and thus the proposed “mitoresilience“ denomination may be
pertinent within the biomedical science of aging. Finally, the quantification of individual resilience
is becoming increasingly important in aging science, and the investigation of the autonomic nervous
system through heart rate variability (HRV) proved to be a valid method to quantify this parameter.
In conclusion, an integrated approach targeting hormetic pathways to improve psychophysical
resilience (namely mitoresilience), supported by the monitoring of HRV, may represent a
valuable option in longevity medicine.
Medication-Wide Association Study Using Electronic Health Record Data of Prescription Medication Exposure and Multifetal Pregnancies: Retrospective Study
Authors: Davidson Lena , Canelón Silvia P , Boland Mary Regina 
Published: June 2022

Background
Medication-wide association studies (MWAS) have been applied to assess the risk of individual prescription use and a wide range of health outcomes, including cancer, acute myocardial infarction, acute liver failure, acute renal failure, and upper gastrointestinal ulcers. Current literature on the use of preconception and periconception medication and its association with the risk of multiple gestation pregnancies (eg, monozygotic and dizygotic) is largely based on assisted reproductive technology (ART) cohorts. However, among non-ART pregnancies, it is unknown whether other medications increase the risk of multifetal pregnancies.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the risk of multiple gestational births (eg, twins and triplets) following preconception and periconception exposure to prescription medications in patients who delivered at Penn Medicine.

Methods
We used electronic health record data between 2010 and 2017 on patients who delivered babies at Penn Medicine, a health care system in the Greater Philadelphia area. We explored 3 logistic regression models: model 1 (no adjustment); model 2 (adjustment for maternal age); and model 3—our final logistic regression model (adjustment for maternal age, ART use, and infertility diagnosis). In all models, multiple births (MBs) were our outcome of interest (binary outcome), and each medication was assessed separately as a binary variable. To assess our MWAS model performance, we defined ART medications as our gold standard, given that these medications are known to increase the risk of MB.

Results
Of the 63,334 distinct deliveries in our cohort, only 1877 pregnancies (2.96%) were prescribed any medication during the preconception and first trimester period. Of the 123 medications prescribed, we found 26 (21.1%) medications associated with MB (using nominal P values) and 10 (8.1%) medications associated with MB (using Bonferroni adjustment) in fully adjusted model 3. We found that our model 3 algorithm had an accuracy of 85% (using nominal P values) and 89% (using Bonferroni-adjusted P values).

Conclusions
Our work demonstrates the opportunities in applying the MWAS approach with electronic health record data to explore associations between preconception and periconception medication exposure and the risk of MB while identifying novel candidate medications for further study. Overall, we found 3 novel medications linked with MB that could be explored in further work; this demonstrates the potential of our method to be used for hypothesis generation.