bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Whole Fruit Extracts of Luffa Acutangula. Var. Amara and Rhizome Extracts of Rheum Emodi in CCl4 - Induced Chronic Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Abid Muna , Ibrahim Mohammed , Abid Zakia 
Published: March 2022

To investigate the hepatoprotective activity of whole fruit extracts of Luffa acutangula.var. amara and rhizome extracts of Rheum emodi in CCl4 treated rats. The dried powders of L. amara and R. emodi were extracted successively with petroleum ether, ethanol and distilled water. The hepatoprotective capacity of the extract of the whole fruits of L. amara and the rhizomes of R. emodi was analyzed in liver injured CCl4- treated male rats. The present study explored the possibilities of using low doses of both plant extracts (150mg/kg, and 300mg/kg bw, po route) to treat CCL4 intoxicated albino rats in both acute and chronic models of hepatic damage, evident by increased serum levels of glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, cholesterol and triglycerides, all being implicated in considerable hepatic damage.
Histopathological examination in CCl4 treated rats revealed collapse of liver parenchyma with early fibrosis and chronic inflammatory cell infiltration in patchy areas around central vein (Pic.group-2) when compared to the control group. Histopathological and physical examinations also indicated their effectiveness with their dose tolerability and liver protection.
Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the whole fruits of L. amara and rhizomes of R. emodi were indicative of more hepatoprotective properties when compared to the petroleum ether extracts of both plants against CCl4 induced liver damage as confirmed from hepatic serum marker enzyme activities and histopathological studies.
Influence of Lycopene on Renal Tissue Injury in Celebrex Induced Albino Rats; An Experimental Research Study
Authors: Sundus Sadia , Aijaz Asma , Samreen Talat , Fatmee Sarwat , Fahmi Shazia , Ahmed Hira 
Published: March 2022

Objective: To analyze the renal tissue injury in Celebrex induced albino rats with improvement by lycopene.
Study design: Experimental research study.
Abode of study: Animal House, Basic medical sciences institute, Karachi,
Materials and Methods: Celebrex and antioxidant agent lycopene were used in this experimental study. Drugs were administered orally to forty male albino rats weighing of around 250gm for research. Rats were retained in isolated cages and alienated into 4 sets including control, diseased, treated groups. The drugs were administered by gastric tube once24-hourly for four weeks. After finalization of research work, rats were sacrificed and body tissues were preserved for staining.
Results: gB Gomori’s calcium phosphate stained sections showed marked deposition of dark black particles of alkaline phosphate in cellular cytoplasm of proximal convoluted tubules but gC showed scarce deposition of black particles of alkaline phosphate in the cellular cytoplasm of proximal convoluted tubules.
Conclusion: This experiment discloses that lycopene recuperate the raised level of alkaline phosphate in the cytoplasm of proximal convoluted tubules.
Hospitalizations Associated With Rheumatic Disease in Alaska, 2015‐2018
Authors: Ferucci Elizabeth D. , Holck Peter 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveFew studies have evaluated hospitalizations associated with rheumatic disease in Indigenous North American populations. The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of people hospitalized with rheumatic disease in Alaska, including a comparison of hospitalizations for Alaska Native/American Indian (AN/AI) people in Alaska compared with those of other races.MethodsWe used statewide hospital discharge data from the Alaska Health Facilities Data Reporting Program from 2015 to 2018 for this study. Cases were ascertained based on discharge diagnosis (any listed) of a defined set of rheumatic diseases. We determined characteristics associated with rheumatic disease hospitalizations, including age, gender, and race. Using multivariate modeling, we determined risk factors for hospitalization overall, as well as for specific rheumatic diseases. We compared characteristics of hospital encounters for people with or without rheumatic diseases and by race.ResultsWe identified 15975 people ever hospitalized with rheumatic disease in the study period and 87138 controls hospitalized but without any rheumatic disease diagnosis. Cases were older than controls and more likely to be female. The three most common types of rheumatic disease associated with hospitalization were osteoarthritis, gout, and rheumatoid arthritis. Compared with other races, AN/AI people were more likely to be hospitalized with rheumatic disease, and this association was true for all specific diseases other than gout.ConclusionHospitalizations associated with rheumatic disease are common in Alaska, with an increased likelihood of hospitalization for AN/AI people. This adds to the literature on health disparities in Indigenous North American populations.
Effect of Eliminating Water in Prussian Blue Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Wanlin , Gang Yong , Peng Jian , Hu Zhe , Yan Zichao , Lai Weihong , Zhu Yanfang , Appadoo Dominique , Ye Mao , Cao Yuliang , Gu Qin‐Fen , Liu Hua‐Kun , Dou Shi‐Xue , Chou Shu‐Lei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPrussian blue analogs (PBAs) are promising cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their low‐cost, similar energy density comparable with that of LiFePO4 in lithium‐ion batteries, and long cycle life. Nevertheless, crystal water (≈10 wt%) in PBAs from aqueous synthesis environments can bring significant side effects in real SIBs, especially for calendar life and high temperature storage performance. Therefore, it is of great importance to eliminate crystal water in PBAs for future commercial applications. Herein, a facile heat‐treatment method is reported in order to remove water from Fe‐based PBAs. Although the heat‐treated sample can be easily rehydrated in air, it still exhibits a stable cycling performance over 2000 times under controlled charge cut‐off voltage. In situ synchrotron high‐temperature powder X‐ray diffraction demonstrates that the as‐prepared sample is maintained at a new trigonal phase after dehydration. Moreover, the redox reaction of low‐spin Fe2+/Fe3+ is activated and the high‐temperature storage performance of as‐prepared sample is significantly improved after removal of water.
In‐situ Polymerized Gel Polymer Electrolytes with High Room‐Temperature Ionic Conductivity and Regulated Na+ Solvation Structure for Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhang Weichao , Zhang Jun , Liu Xiaochen , Li Huan , Guo Yong , Geng Chuannan , Tao Ying , Yang Quan‐Hong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSodium metal batteries (SMBs) are promising candidates for low‐cost but high‐energy energy storage applications. Both long‐term stability and safety of SMBs can be largely enhanced when liquid electrolytes (LEs) are replaced by gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs). However, the low room‐temperature (RT) ionic conductivity and inferior interfacial compatibility of GPEs severely restrain their practical use. Herein, a poly(butyl acrylate)‐based GPE with a high RT ionic conductivity of 1.6 mS cm−1 is developed by in‐situ polymerization. Symmetrical cells assembled with this GPE show ultralong cyclability over 900 h at 0.2 mA cm−2, and ultralow overpotential of 233 mV at 1 mA cm−2. Full cells based on Na3V2(PO4)3(NVP) cathodes (NVP||GPE||Na) display significantly improved rate capability than that of LEs, benefiting from the solvation structure of Na+ in the GPE with much lower desolvation energy. Furthermore, the NVP||GPE||Na pouch cells exhibit a stable capacity of ≈92 mA h g−1 for 50 cycles at 1 C and excellent flexibility. The work not only provides a reliable GPE to develop RT SMBs but also offers new insight into the role of polymer frameworks in the rate performance of SMBs.
A Structural Gel Composite Enabled Robust Underwater Mechanosensing Strategy with High Sensitivity
Authors: Wang Zibi , Zhou Honghao , Liu Dong , Chen Xue , Wang Ding , Dai Sheng , Chen Fei , Xu Ben Bin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOne of the key challenges in developing gel‐based electronics is to achieve a robust sensing performance, by overcoming the intrinsic weaknesses such as unwanted swelling induced deformation, signal distortion caused by dehydration, and large hysteresis in sensing signal. In this work, a structural gel composite (SGC) approach is presented by encapsulating the conductive hydrogel/MXene with a lipid gel (Lipogel) layer through an in situ polymerization. The hydrophobic Lipogel coating fulfills the SGC with a unique anti‐swelling property at an aqueous environment and excellent dehydration feature at an open‐air, thus leading to long‐term ultra‐stability (over 90 days) and durability (over 2000 testing cycles) for underwater mechanosensing applications. As a result, the SGC based mechanoreceptor demonstrates high and stable sensitivity (GF of 14.5). Moreover, several SGC based conceptual sensors with high sensitivity are developed to unveil their profound potential in underwater monitoring of human motions, waterproof anti‐counterfeiting application, and tactile trajectory tracking.
Siloxene/PVDF Composite Nanofibrous Membrane for High‐Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Self‐Powered Static and Dynamic Pressure Sensing Applications
Authors: Bhatta Trilochan , Sharma Sudeep , Shrestha Kumar , Shin Youngdo , Seonu Sookyeong , Lee Sanghyun , Kim Dongkyun , Sharifuzzaman Md. , Rana SM Sohel , Park Jae Yeong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPolymer nanofibers are widely adopted in energy harvesting and pressure sensing applications owing to the large contact area and inherent compressibility. Herein, a high‐performance triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on 2D siloxene‐polyvinylidene fluoride (S‐PVDF) composite nanofibrous membrane is newly evaluated. Through proper ratio optimization and facile electrospinning, the fabricated membrane shows significant improvement in dielectric property, electronegativity, and compressibility. The TENG comprising S‐PVDF membrane and Nylon 6/6 can deliver an excellent power density of 13.25 W m−2 (f ≈ 5 Hz) and easily operates low‐power electronics and Internet of things (IoTs). In addition, the excellent compressibility of membrane extends its applicability to self‐powered simultaneous detection of dynamic and static pressure, which is investigated by developing a hybrid pressure sensor (HPS) through effective integration of TENG and a capacitive pressure sensor. The HPS shows an excellent dynamic (12.062 V kPa−1 at (<3 kPa) and 2.58 V kPa−1 at (3–25 kPa)) and static (25.07 mV kPa−1 at (<3 kPa) and 5.96 mV kPa−1 at (3–25 kPa)) pressure sensitivities, respectively. Furthermore, a 2 × 2 HPS array tested and analyzed for multiple users using artificial intelligence significantly improves the accuracy (98%). Remarkable energy harvesting performance and greater accuracy of the HPS manifests better preferences for future self‐powered IoT and smart tactile‐based user authentication systems.
A Photoelectric Spiking Neuron for Visual Depth Perception
Authors: Chen Chunsheng , He Yongli , Mao Huiwu , Zhu Li , Wang Xiangjing , Zhu Ying , Zhu Yixin , Shi Yi , Wan Changjin , Wan Qing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe biological visual system encodes optical information into spikes and processes them by the neural network, which enables the perception with high throughput of visual processing with ultralow energy budget. This has inspired a wide spectrum of devices to imitate such neural process, while precise mimicking such procedure is still highly required. Here, a highly bio‐realistic photoelectric spiking neuron for visual depth perception is presented. The firing spikes generated by the TaOXmemristive spiking encoders have a biologically similar frequency range of 1–200 Hz and sub‐micro watts power. Such spiking encoder is integrated with a photodetector and a network of neuromorphic transistors, for information collection and recognition tasks, respectively. The distance‐dependent response and eye fatigue of biological visual systems have been mimicked based on such photoelectric spiking neuron. The simulated depth perception shows a recognition improvement by adapting to sights at different distances. The results can advance the technologies in bioinspired or robotic systems that may be endowed with depth perception and power efficiency at the same time.
Highly Durable Membrane Electrode Assembly with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes/CeO2‐Reinforced Nafion Composite Membrane by Spraying Method for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Choi Eunho , Kim Sang Moon , Jang Segeun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFor achieving economically viable polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) in the commercial market, simplifying the fabrication process and manufacturing of robust membrane electrode assembly (MEA) are important. Herein, a single spray‐coating method for developing a robust and free‐standing reinforced Nafion composite membrane and electrodes is reported. By comparing the fabricated membrane's morphology under diverse process conditions including the nozzle‐to‐substrate distance and solution‐loading rates, the optimized spray‐coating for uniformly deposited spray‐based membrane without any defects has been determined. To explain this optimized condition, a simple theoretical model based on the concept of the surface coverage of sprayed droplets is proposed. The fabricated multiwalled carbon nanotubes/CeO2‐reinforced Nafion composite membrane shows excellent mechanical properties with minimal proton‐conducting loss despite using additional fillers of total 4 wt% in the Nafion matrix. By successively depositing the catalyst layer on that membrane using the same spray‐coating device, an MEA with the reinforced spray‐based membrane has been successfully fabricated; moreover, diverse electrochemical measurements and durability tests have been conducted. The MEA with the reinforced membrane shows comparable initial performance and considerably higher performance after the durability test compared to the MEA with commercial Nafion membrane.
Optimum Design and Test of a Novel Bionic Electronic Stethoscope based on the Cruciform Microcantilever with Leaf Microelectromechanical Systems Structure
Authors: Zang Junbin , Zhou Chenzheng , Xiang Menghui , Wang Juliang , Wang Haoxin , Zhang Zhidong , Xue Chenyang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a heart sound sensing structure and system by combining the traditional auscultation structure and human‐like ear eardrum gas–solid coupling sound conduction process. This system is based on the lever pickup mechanism of eardrum vibration and the traditional stethoscope pickup amplification, microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology, and the detection principle of piezoresistive and Wheatstone bridge. The optimal size and process parameters of the biomimetic sensor structure are given through theoretical calculation and numerical simulation on Comsol and SRIM. Computer numerical control, 3D printing, MEMS technology, and 3D heterogeneous integration technology are used to complete the precise processing and encapsulation of the proposed structure. After the performance tests, results show that the optimal structure can collect directional signals, with a bandwidth from 10 Hz to 1 kHz, which can effectively cover the range of the heart frequency. The signal‐to‐noise ratio is improved by 2.3 dB compared with the 3M stethoscope. An electrocardiogram and phonocardiogram synchronization detection system is developed with this structure. The structure and system can be effectively applied to the high‐quality collection and intelligent recognition of heart sound data sets. The recognition accuracy can reach 98.5%. It is highly effective for early screening and intelligent diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases.
Selectively Stiffening Garments Enabled by Cellular Composites
Authors: Kwon Junghan , Choi Inrak , Park Myungsun , Moon Jeongin , Jeong Bomin , Pathak Prabhat , Ahn Jooeun , Park Yong‐Lae 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecent efforts on wearable robots have focused on augmenting the motor performance and/or protecting the wearer's body with lightweight structures. However, providing human‐scale force and structural stiffness usually conflicts with the wearability. Inspired by sandwich‐structured composites with high structural strengths, widely employed in both nature and man‐made structures, a mechanism of selectively stiffening garments (SSGs) utilizing anisotropic cellular cores and rubber‐laminated face sheets is proposed. While the proposed mechanism shows a high compliance allowing for conformity to the wearer's body when unjammed, it provides a significantly high force density when jammed, compared to conventional jamming methods, allowing for the ability to adjust mechanical properties based on the designs and materials. In this paper, various designs of the sandwich jamming structures for the SSGs with analytical characterizations and experimental validations are introduced. Potential applications for force and motion assistance are also demonstrated and impacted mitigation.
Engineering Silver Microgrids with a Boron Nitride Nanotube Interlayer for Highly Conductive and Flexible Transparent Heaters
Authors: Wagner Kaitlin , Kell Arnold J. , Martinez‐Rubi Yadienka , Paquet Chantal , Lessard Benoît H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe use of flexible transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) as printed heaters offers unique advantages where transparency is a necessary design feature. Many existing TCE materials however suffer from poor flexibility and require complex fabrication processes and thus are not commercially viable for such applications. The design and process optimization of screen‐printable silver metal microgrids over a layer of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) to produce highly conductive and mechanically robust transparent heaters with high transparency and low power requirements is reported. Square and hexagonal geometries are investigated alongside varying line width and pitch combinations to produce 16 different grid designs with optical transparency ranging between 65% and 89% and resistance values as low as 2.90 Ω sq−1. The BNNT thin film coating on polyethylene terephthalate substrates provides mechanical stability to the heater architecture by reducing the effects of deformation by up to 400%. The BNNT interlayer also contributes to an increase in thermal performance, achieving temperatures as high as 74.0 °C by initiating electrical sintering of the microgrids during heater operation which increases the Joule heating capacity of the features. Overall, this physical and material optimization provides a low‐cost, printable microgrid architecture for high performing and stable applications as TCE‐based heaters.
A Comprehensive Multipolar Theory for Periodic Metasurfaces
Authors: Rahimzadegan Aso , Karamanos Theodosios D. , Alaee Rasoul , Lamprianidis Aristeidis G. , Beutel Dominik , Boyd Robert W. , Rockstuhl Carsten 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOptical metasurfaces consist of 2D arrangements of scatterers, and they control the amplitude, phase, and polarization of an incidence field on demand. Optical metasurfaces are the cornerstone for a future generation of flat optical devices in a wide range of applications. The rapid advances in nanofabrication have made the versatile design and analysis of these ultra‐thin surfaces an ever‐growing necessity. However, a comprehensive theory to describe the optical response of periodic metasurfaces in closed‐form and analytical expressions has not been formulated, and prior attempts are frequently approximate. Here, a theory is developed that analytically links the properties of the scatterer, from which a metasurface is made, to its response via the lattice coupling matrix. The scatterers are represented by their polarizability or T matrix. Explicit expressions for the optical response up to octupolar order in both spherical and Cartesian coordinates are provided, for normal or oblique incidence. Several examples demonstrate that the proposed theoretical approach is a powerful tool for exploring the physics of metasurfaces and designing novel flat optics devices. Novel fully‐diffracting metagratings and particle‐independent polarization filters are proposed, and novel insights into bound states in the continuum, collective lattice resonances, and the response of Huygens’ metasurfaces under oblique incidence are provided.
Designing Stable Deep‐Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters through Controlling the Intrinsic Stability of Triplet Excitons
Authors: Kang Hosuk , Ihn Soo‐Ghang , Kim Inkoo , Chung Yeon Sook , Jeon Soon Ok , Sim Myungsun , Kim Joonghyuk , Lee Hasup , Son Youngmok , Son Won‐Joon , Jang Inkook , Kim Dae Sin , Choi Hyeonho , Hong Jin Pyo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) has emerged as a promising and pragmatic light‐generation method for producing efficient organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, the low operational stability associated with blue‐light TADF emitters is a major drawback and the excited‐state molecular degradation process remains poorly understood. Archetypal TADF emitters are comprised of cycloamine donor and aromatic acceptor moieties, with the corresponding C–N bond considered as the weakest link in the molecular structure. Understanding mechanism of the C–N dissociation in the excited state is, thus, crucial to the engineering of more stable OLEDs. Here, by using a carbazole donor and a triazine acceptor with various functional groups, it is shown that the position of the triplet exciton is the key to enhancing operational stability and, therefore, device lifetime. Interestingly, repositioning the triplet exciton away from the C–N bond causes the dissociation pathway to diverge from a smooth transition state to a more abrupt conical intersection with a higher energy barrier. We realize a 2.3‐fold increase in device lifetime without compromising traditional design factors, such as the singlet–triplet energy gap, with judicious introduction of functional groups to the acceptor.
Efficient Visible Light Charging for Rare Earth‐Free Persistent Phosphor
Authors: Yang Huanxin , Zhao Weiren , Song Enhai , Hu Kaige , Zhang Hongshi , Yun Rui , Huang Hao , Zhong Jiyou , Li Yang , Li Xiyan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPersistent phosphor, as an eco‐friendly energy storage material, usually needs high‐energy photonic rays in the storage process, such as ultraviolet (UV) light, X‐ray, or even γ‐ray. This strict requirement for light source which is harmful to human health greatly limits the popularity of persistent phosphors in the daily life. Here, a novel broadband orange persistent emissive phosphor LiGaO2:1%Mn2+ (LGOM) is reported which supports efficient wide band excitation from UV to green light. The afterglow excited by 470 nm light even reaches ≈80% as intensity as UV excitation. The afterglow of LGOM excited by common blue lamp (450–460 nm) can be pictured by the smart phones for more than 48 h. The mechanism of visible light storage is discussed through the thermal‐luminescence measurements. In addition, interestingly, its persistent emissive color can shift from orange‐yellow to orange‐red after ceasing the excitation source. This unique broadband orange afterglow phosphor which supports efficient wide range visible‐light excitation, afterglow color shift, and long‐lasting luminescence is expected to have potential applications in the fields of emergency direction, anticounterfeiting, decoration design, etc.