bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular profile of the NF‐κB signalling pathway in human colorectal cancer
Authors: Dobre Maria , Trandafir Bogdan , Milanesi Elena , Salvi Alessandro , Bucuroiu Ioana Alina , Vasilescu Catalin , Niculae Andrei Marian , Herlea Vlad , Hinescu Mihail Eugen , Constantinescu Gabriel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) have been associated with inflammation processes that involve the overactivation of the NF‐κB signalling pathway. The characterization of the NF‐κB expression profile in CRC is an important topic since the suppression of NF‐κB represents a potential therapeutic approach. In this study, we assessed the expression levels of 84 NF‐κB‐related genes in paired tumoral (T) and peritumoral (PT) tissues from 18 CRC patients and 18 normal colonic mucosae, and the expression levels of three miRNAs targeting the most dysregulated genes revealed by the case–control analysis. Comparing the gene expression profile of T and controls, 60 genes were dysregulated. The comparison of T and PT revealed 17 dysregulated genes in the tumoral tissues, with IL1B, CXCL8, IL1A, and CSF2 being the most upregulated. Notably, through a bioinformatics analysis, the differential gene expression of 11 out of the 17 genes was validated on a larger cohort of 308 CRC patients compared with 41 controls. Moreover, a decrease in the levels of RELA, NOD1, CASP8, BCL2L1, ELK1, and IKBKB was identified in poorly differentiated tumours compared to moderately differentiated tumours. The analysis of the three miRNAs targeting IL1B, CXCL8, IL1A, and CSF2 showed that miR‐182‐5p was upregulated in T compared with PT, whereas miR‐10b‐5p was downregulated in T compared with PT and control tissues. Our results may contribute to the design of new experimental therapeutic strategies based on endogenous molecules, such as miRNAs, to target the genetic key players of the NF‐ κB pathway.
Basal cell carcinoma: Epidemiological impact of clinical versus histopathological diagnosis
Authors: Backman Eva , Oxelblom Maria , Gillstedt Martin , Dahlén Gyllencreutz Johan , Paoli John 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundLow‐risk basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are to an increasing extent diagnosed by dermatologists through dermoscopic examination only and treated with non‐surgical methods. Reports on increasing incidence as well as trends regarding subtypes, anatomical sites and differences related to gender are based solely on histopathologically verified tumours. How unreported clinically diagnosed BCCs affect the epidemiological data has not been sufficiently investigated.ObjectivesTo analyse the tumour and patient characteristics of clinically diagnosed versus histopathologically confirmed primary BCCs and to make a gross estimate on how unreported BCCs could influence the total number of new cases.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all primary BCCs diagnosed in 2016 at the Department of Dermatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg, Sweden. We also reviewed all histopathologically verified primary BCCs at the two largest pathology laboratories in Western Sweden during the same year to estimate the proportion of BCCs diagnosed by dermatologists.ResultsIn total, 2365 primary BCCs were diagnosed at our centre. More than half of these tumours were clinically diagnosed (55.8%). Superficial subtype (41.7%), location on the trunk (46.3%) and destructive treatment methods (60.0%) were most common. The reports from the two pathology laboratories showed that histopathologically verified BCCs (n = 5837) were more commonly of the infiltrative or nodular subtype and located in the head and neck area. Dermatologists managed 56.0% of them.ConclusionsThis study indicates that a substantial number of BCCs are not visualized in the official statistics which are solely based on reports from pathology laboratories. When taking clinically diagnosed tumours into account, truncal location and superficial subtype are more common than previously believed. Further, based on the regional calculations, the real burden of BCC in Sweden might be up to 70% higher than what is reported in official statistics.
Immune checkpoint inhibition and targeted therapy for melanoma: A patient‐oriented cross‐sectional comparative multicentre study
Authors: Thiem Alexander , Mashhadiakbar Pegah , Cussigh Christiane , Hassel Jessica C. , Grimmelmann Imke , Gutzmer Ralf , Schlaak Max , Heppt Markus V. , Dücker Pia , Hüning Svea , Schulmeyer Lena , Schilling Bastian , Haferkamp Sebastian , Ziemer Mirjana , Moritz Rose K. C. , Hagelstein Victoria , Terheyden Patrick , Posch Christian , Gaiser Maria R. , Kropp Peter , Emmert Steffen , Müller Britta , Tietze Julia K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundChoosing the adequate systemic treatment for melanoma is driven by clinical parameters and personal preferences.ObjectiveEvaluation of the impact of disease and treatment on the daily life of patients receiving systemic therapy for melanoma.MethodsA German‐wide, cross‐sectional comparative study was conducted at 13 specialized skin cancer centres from 08/2020 to 03/2021. A questionnaire was distributed to assess patients' perception of disease and symptoms, the impact of their current treatment on quality of life (QOL) and activities, adverse events (AEs), therapeutic visits, as well as believe in and satisfaction with their current systemic melanoma treatment. Patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) were rated on a continuous numerical rating scale or selected from a given list.ResultsFour hundred and fourteen patients with systemic melanoma therapy were included. 359 (87%) received immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) and 55 (13%) targeted therapy (TT). About 1/3 of patients were adjuvantly treated, the remaining because of unresectable/metastatic melanoma. In subgroup analyses, only in the adjuvant setting, TT patients reported a significant decrease in their treatment associated QOL compared to patients with ICI (p = 0.02). Patients with TT were 1.9 times more likely to report AEs than patients with ICI, a difference being significant just for the adjuvant setting (p = 0.01). ICI treatment intervals differed significantly between adjuvant and unresectable/metastatic setting (p = 0.04), though all patients, regardless of their specific ICI drug, evaluated their treatment frequency as adequate. TT patients with dabrafenib/trametinib (n = 37) or encorafenib/binimetinib (n = 15) did not differ regarding the strain of daily pill intake. Patients older than 63 years rated various PROs better than younger patients.ConclusionsPatients evaluated their treatment mainly positively. ICI might be preferred over TT regarding QOL and patient‐reported AEs in the adjuvant setting. Older melanoma patients appeared to be less impacted by their disease and more satisfied with their treatment.
Factors influencing defensive medicine‐based decision‐making in primary care: A scoping review
Authors: Strobel Christina J. , Oldenburg Dorothee , Steinhäuser Jost 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRationale, Aims and ObjectivesMedical decision‐making processes in primary care are influenced by defensive medical practice. This involves a high possibility for negative consequences on many levels, for example, patient's health, health care system costs and a crisis of trust in the patient−doctor relationship. Aim of this review was to identify factors of defensive medicine‐based decision‐making in primary care.MethodsThis scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) guidelines and included systematic research on MEDLINE, Google Scholar and two German databases for additional grey literature. References provided further literature. Articles in English and German published from 1 January 1982 to 15 June 2022 were assessed.ResultsFrom 911 publications screened, 13 publications [6 qualitative studies and 7 quantitative (3 cross‐sectional) studies] were included. In these, four main categories of factors influencing defensive medical practice were identified: (social) media, patients adopting a consumer attitude, health care system based working conditions and physician's tolerance for uncertainty. Pressure deriving from these four different sources is exerted on the general practitioner and may result in a defensive medical decision behaviour.ConclusionsFour categories on influencing factors of defensive medicine could be identified. Strategies to tolerate uncertainty should be trained in under‐ and postgraduate training.
The challenge of service planning and development without adequate data: The case for orthotic services
Authors: Eddison Nicola , Scott David A. , Pankhurst Christian , Chockalingam Nachiappan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe UK National Health Service (NHS) employs a group of 14 separate allied health professions. Prosthetics and orthotics are the smallest of these professions. Although small, orthotics is integral to many clinical care pathways and has shown to provide an essential impact on a range of clinical conditions in the health service priority lists. Previous reports acknowledged the lack of data on the UK prosthetic and orthotic workforce, appointment outcomes and cost and the service users accessing such services and thus the challenges that it poses for effective service delivery. There is still a paucity of relevant data or initiatives to support the service provision. The work within this paper has taken the first step to address this gap, presenting a summary of the information relating to appointments and costs, and provides a discussion on the implications of variations across the NHS orthotic services within England in terms of spend, staffing and skill mix for orthotic services and service users and the need for further data on service users and the UK prosthetic and orthotic workforce.
Three‐dimensional migratory behaviour of European silver eels (Anguilla anguilla) approaching a hydropower plant
Authors: Kjærås Halvor , Baktoft Henrik , Silva Ana T. , Gjelland Karl Øystein , Økland Finn , Forseth Torbjørn , Szabó‐Mészáros Marcell , Calles Olle 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe global population of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is rapidly declining, and migration barriers in rivers are believed to be one of several key causes. While progress has been made in the development of bypass solutions, they are often constructed based on a limited knowledge of swimming behaviour. A bypass close to the stream bed is often recommended at fish passage facilities to accommodate downstream eel migration. The results of this recommendation are poorly studied, and the few studies that exist show varying bypass efficiencies. The current study used acoustic telemetry with depth sensors to explore the three‐dimensional migratory behaviour of downstream‐migrating silver eels. The eels were tracked as they approached a hydropower plant with a state‐of‐the‐art angled bar rack and full‐depth bypass. Downstream and upstream swimming differed in preferred vertical and lateral positions. During periods of local downstream movement, the density of observations was largest in the upper middle section, away from the river boundaries and in higher velocities. Conversely, when moving upstream, eels tended to avoid the upper layers of the middle part of the river, swimming closer to the riverbed and using the bank areas to a greater extent. Downstream‐moving fish swam higher in the water column during night and in turbid conditions (high discharge). When approaching the impassable bar rack and the full‐depth bypass, the eels searched most intensely but not exclusively along the bottom third of the rack, often exploring at new depths after changing direction. The impediment passage efficiency was 100% when both bypass solutions were considered. The study provides knowledge of the swimming behaviour of silver eels, which is relevant for the design of bypass solutions for eels at migration barriers.
Allometric growth and larval development in Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru under culture conditions
Authors: Peña Renato , McGregor‐Bravo Carlos U. , Contreras‐Olguín Mauricio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAllometric growth is a common feature during fish larval development. It has been proposed as a growth strategy to prioritize the development of body segments related to primordial functions like feeding and swimming to increase the probability of survival during this critical period. In the present study we evaluated the allometric growth patterns of body segments associated to swimming and feeding during the larval stages of Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru. The larvae were kept under intensive culture conditions and sampled every day from hatching until day 33 after hatching. Each larva was classified according to its developmental stage into yolk‐sac larva, preflexion larva, flexion larva or postflexion larva, measured and the allometric growth coefficient of different body segments was evaluated using the potential model. Based on the results we can infer the presence of different ontogenetic priorities during the first developmental stages associated with vital functions like swimming during the yolk‐sac stage [total length (TL) interval = 2.27–3.005 mm] and feeding during the preflexion stage (TL interval = 3.007–5.60 mm) by promoting the accelerated growth of tail (post anal) and head, respectively. In the flexion stage (TL interval = 5.61–7.62 mm) a change in growth coefficients of most body segments compared to the previous stage was detected, suggesting a shift in growth priorities. Finally, in the postflexion stage (TL interval = 7.60–15.48 mm) a clear tendency to isometry in most body segments was observed, suggesting that growth priorities have been fulfilled and the larvae will initiate with the transformation into a juvenile. These results provide a framework of the larval growth of L. peru in culture conditions which can be useful for comparative studies with other species or in aquaculture to evaluate the changes in larval growth due to new conditions or feeding protocols.
Effect of ultrasound‐assisted extraction of dietary fiber from the sweetest variety Queen pineapple waste of Tripura (India)
Authors: Dhar Payel , Deka Sankar Chandra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe study aimed to assess the functional attributes of dietary fiber (DF) from the sweetest variety of Queen pineapple of Tripura Region (India) having high pleasant aroma and flavor. Queen pineapple peel waste was used to extract DF, which is one of the important bioactive compounds in the human diet and health. The ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) method was used to compare the traditional alkali extraction method for extracting DF from Queen pineapple peel waste. The extracted DF was further examined for its functional attributes. The parameters used for UAE of DF were optimized using response surface methodology. The results showed that Queen pineapple peel waste was having a significant amount of DF and had a high potential in food processing. The conventional alkaline extraction yielded 64.43% DF, whereas the UAE method yielded 86.67% after 22.35 min of sonication with a solid: liquid ratio of 27.5 g/ml and a 46.9% ultrasonic amplitude. UAE improved the functional attributes of DF by significantly increasing the water holding and swelling capacities while decreasing the oil holding capacity. The cation exchange capacity, glucose adsorption capacity, and glucose dialysis retardation index were enhanced considerably by UAE, whereas the emulsifying capacity decreased. Results of the present investigation corroborate that Queen pineapple waste extracted DF could be used as a potential hypoglycemic agent for functional food ingredients in bread and bakery‐based products, meat‐based products, dairy‐based beverages, and other products of food application.
The impact of living through COVID‐19 pandemic on mental health, food insecurity, loneliness and health behaviours in people with obesity
Authors: Brown Adrian , Flint Stuart W. , Dicken Samuel J. , Kalea Anastasia Z. , O'Kane Mary , Williams Simon , Wong Erika , Batterham Rachel L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has negatively impacted people living with obesity. The aim was to examine the continued impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the mental health of people living with obesity and associations with food insecurity, loneliness and health‐related behaviours.MethodsThe study recruited 1187 UK adults living with obesity who completed an online survey, which examined mental health and associations with food insecurity, loneliness and health‐related behaviours from July 2020 (end of the first lockdown in the United Kingdom) to the point they completed the survey in 2021. Regression analyses were used to examine relationships between outcome variables and demographic factors, and hierarchical linear regression models were used to assess levels of loneliness, depression and well‐being.ResultsParticipants reported worse loneliness, depression, well‐being and food insecurity compared to pre‐COVID. However, participants reported attempting to lose weight, healthier food shopping, diet and increased physical activity. Quality and quantity of sleep deteriorated compared to prior to COVID‐19.ConclusionsAdults living with obesity in the United Kingdom report a continued negative impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic upon their mental health together with increased loneliness and food insecurity. However, our findings suggest that UK adults living with obesity have increased their engagement in positive health behaviours and were attempting to lose weight.
Intellectual disabilities moderate sex/gender differences in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Saure E. , Castrén M. , Mikkola K. , Salmi J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundGirls/women with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are suggested to exhibit different symptom profiles than boys/men with ASD. Accumulating evidence suggests that intellectual disability (ID) may affect sex/gender differences in ASD. However, a systematic review and meta‐analysis on this topic is missing.MethodsTwo databases (MEDLINE and PsycINFO) were used to search for studies reporting sex/gender differences (girls/women versus boys/men) in social communication and interaction, restrictive and repetitive behaviour and interests (RRBIs), sensory processing, and linguistic and motor abilities in ASD. The final sample consisted of 79 studies. The meta‐analysis was performed with Review Manager using a random‐effects model. Participants with ASD without and with ID were analysed as separate subgroups, and the effects in these two subgroups were also compared with each other.ResultsGirls/women with ASD without ID displayed fewer RRBIs, more sensory symptoms and less problems in linguistic abilities than their boys/men counterparts. In contrast, girls/women with ASD with ID displayed more social difficulties and RRBIs, poorer linguistic abilities and more motor problems than boys/men with ASD with ID. Comparisons of groups of participants with ASD without ID versus participants with ASD with ID confirmed differences in sex/gender effects on social difficulties, sensory processing, linguistic abilities and motor abilities.ConclusionsOur results clearly suggest that the female phenotype of ASD is moderated by ID. Among individuals with ASD with ID, girls/women seem to be more severely affected than boys/men, whereas among individuals with ASD without ID, girls/women with ASD may have less symptoms than boys/men. Such phenotypic differences could be a potential cause of underrecognition of girls/women with ASD, and it is also possible that observed phenotypic differences may reflect underdiagnosing of girls/women with ASD.
Smooth Transitions: Enhancing Interprofessional Collaboration when Planned Community Births Transfer to Hospital Care
Authors: Hays Karen , Denmark Melissa , Levine Audrey , de Regt Roberta Haynes , Andersen H. Frank , Weiss Karen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn Washington state, planned community births are attended by direct entry licensed midwives (LMs) and certified nurse‐midwives (CNMs). The most recently published vital statistics data from 2018 reported that 3.6% of the 84,648 births in Washington occurred at home or in freestanding birthing centers. Approximately 16.2% of planned home birth and birth center clients experience intrapartum or early postpartum transfer to the hospital, while 1.8% of their newborns do. The safety of and satisfaction with these types of referrals depends on multisystem processes performed by a variety of health care professionals. Smooth Transitions is a quality improvement (QI) initiative in Washington state that was developed to enhance interprofessional collaboration between community‐based midwives, emergency medical services (EMS), and hospital personnel to improve the quality of hospital transfers from planned community settings. Key interventions to date have included (1) information sharing to dispel misconceptions and provide context regarding community births and midwives; (2) co‐creation of transfer guidelines; (3) regularly held interprofessional meetings to review transfers and build relationships; and (4) ongoing review of qualitative feedback that captures the perspectives of all involved. Responses on questionnaires and audits indicate that Smooth Transitions has had a positive impact on provider, staff, and patient experiences with hospital transfers. Future endeavors will include strengthening quantitative data collection processes to measure safety indicators, expanding relationships with EMS, and building a case review process that is legally protected. By engaging representatives of all stakeholder groups and addressing community‐to‐hospital transfers as a multisystems issue, replication of the Smooth Transitions QI Program nationally could promote increased community midwifery integration by enhancing the referral experience for both patients and caregivers.
Fitting fangs in a finite face: A novel fang accommodation strategy in a 280‐million‐year‐old ray‐finned fish
Authors: Figueroa Rodrigo T. , Andrews James V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThough Paleozoic ray‐finned fishes are considered to be morphologically conservative, we report a novel mode of fang accommodation (i.e., the fitting of fangs inside the jaw) in the Permian actinopterygian †Brazilichthys macrognathus, whereby the teeth of the lower jaw insert into fenestrae of the upper jaw. To better understand how fishes have accommodated lower jaw fangs through geologic time, we synthesize the multitude of ways living and extinct osteichthyans have housed large mandibular dentition. While the precise structure of fang accommodation seen in †Brazilichthys has not been reported in any other osteichthyans, alternate strategies of upper jaw fenestration to fit mandibular fangs are present in some extant ray‐finned fishes—the needlejaws Acestrorhynchus and the gars of the genus Lepisosteus. Notably, out of our survey, only the two aforementioned neopterygians bear upper jaw fenestration for the accommodation of mandibular fangs. We implicate the kinetic jaws of neopterygians in this trend, whereby large mandibular fangs are more easily fit between the multitude of upper jaw and palatal bones. The restricted space available in early osteichthyan jaws may have led to a proliferation of novel ways to accommodate large dentition. We recommend a greater survey of Paleozoic actinopterygian jaw morphology, in light of these results and other recent reevaluations of jaw structure in early fossil ray‐fins.