bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On‐site forensic analysis of colored seized materials: Detection of brown heroin and MDMA‐tablets by a portable NIR spectrometer
Authors: Kranenburg Ruben F. , Ramaker Henk‐Jan , van Asten Arian C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe increasing workload for forensic laboratories and the expanding complexity of the drug market necessitates efficient approaches to detect drugs of abuse. Identification directly at the scene of crime enables investigative forces to make rapid decisions. Additionally, on‐site identification of the material also leads to considerable efficiency and cost benefits. As such, paperwork, transportation, and time‐consuming analysis in a laboratory may be avoided. Near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is an analysis technique suitable for rapid drug testing using portable equipment. A possible limitation of spectroscopic analysis concerns the complexity of seized materials. NIR measurements represent composite spectra for mixtures and diagnostic spectral features can be obscured by excipients such as colorants. Herein, a NIR‐based (1300–2600 nm) detection of heroin and MDMA in colored casework (i.e., brown powders and ecstasy tablets) using a portable analyzer is presented. The application includes a multistage data analysis model based on the net analyte signal (NAS) approach. This identification model was specifically designed for mixture analysis and requires a limited set of pure reference spectra only. Consequently, model calibration efforts are reduced to a minimum. A total of 549 forensic samples was tested comprising brown heroine samples and a variety of colored tablets with different active ingredients. This investigation led to a >99% true negative and >93% true positive rate for heroin and MDMA. These results show that accurate on‐site detection in colored casework is possible using NIR spectroscopy combined with an efficient data analysis model. These findings may eventually help in the transition of routine forensic laboratories from laboratory‐based techniques to portable equipment operated on scene.
Temporal stability of the hemodynamic response function across the majority of human cerebral cortex
Authors: Taylor Amanda J. , Kim Jung Hwan , Ress David 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe hemodynamic response function (HRF) measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging is generated by vascular and metabolic responses evoked by brief (<4 s) stimuli. It is known that the human HRF varies across cortex, between subjects, with stimulus paradigms, and even between different measurements in the same cortical location. However, our results demonstrate that strong HRFs are remarkably repeatable across sessions separated by time intervals up to 3 months. In this study, a multisensory stimulus was used to activate and measure the HRF across the majority of cortex (>70%, with lesser reliability observed in some areas of prefrontal cortex). HRFs were measured with high spatial resolution (2‐mm voxels) in central gray matter to minimize variations caused by partial‐volume effects. HRF amplitudes and temporal dynamics were highly repeatable across four sessions in 20 subjects. Positive and negative HRFs were consistently observed across sessions and subjects. Negative HRFs were generally weaker and, thus, more variable than positive HRFs. Statistical measurements showed that across‐session variability is highly correlated to the variability across events within a session; these measurements also indicated a normal distribution of variability across cortex. The overall repeatability of the HRFs over long time scales generally supports the long‐term use of event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging protocols.
Using technology‐mediated inquiry to help young learners reimagine the visible world through simple particle models
Authors: Samarapungavan Ala , Bryan Lynn A. , Staudt Carolyn , Sapkota Bima , Will Pinto Hector E. , Broadhead Jamie M. , Kimball Nathan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis research explored kindergarten students' learning of simple particle models to explain the properties and behavior of matter in the solid, liquid, and gas states and during phase transitions (evaporation, melting, freezing, and condensation). Science instruction for young learners tends to focus on the concrete and directly observable. This focus on the here and now of experience can foreclose opportunities for young learners to explain their world in terms of the mechanisms posited by modern science. The current research examined how kindergarten children's models of matter develop as they engage with technology‐mediated, model‐based inquiry lessons. Data were collected from two intervention groups who engaged in a series of modeling lessons with the aid of digital tools for visualizing and explaining particle behavior across varied material phenomena. The two intervention groups engaged in a common set of modeling activities but differed in the use of one digital tool. Intervention students were interviewed in the week before the beginning of the intervention and the week following the completion of the intervention to assess the development of their models of matter. To provide a baseline for comparison, we assessed a third group of kindergarten children who did not receive any instruction on matter in the same time frame as the intervention students. Data were coded using cognitive science techniques of verbal protocol analysis. Repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted to explore changes across the pre‐ and post‐intervention interviews. We found that children from both intervention groups showed significant gains in the use of particle models to explain material phenomena, while the comparison group showed only small gains in the use of particle models.
Experimental investigation of CMT discontinuous wire arc additive manufacturing of Inconel 625
Authors: Votruba Vojtěch , Diviš Ivan , Pilsová Lucie , Zeman Pavel , Beránek Libor , Horváth Jakub , Smolík Jan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) is a progressive technology which holds promise for manufacturing of heat resistant super alloys. One of the most productive methods is wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). In this article, an alternative WAAM strategy is investigated. Experimental clads and material tests were performed to evaluate the material properties obtained through a cold metal transfer (CMT) discontinuous WAAM of Inconel 625 alloy. Using the modern terminology of Fronius Gmbh this method is called CMT cycle step. The difference is that it is automatically controlled by the welding source. CMT discontinuous WAAM has lower productivity and a higher consumption of shielding gas. However, it excels in low heat input and precise material cladding in comparison with a standard CMT continuous WAAM. It enables fabrication of finer details even on thin-walled components or in sections with problematic heat dissipation. Samples manufactured using this strategy were also compared with samples manufactured through a standard CMT continuous WAAM. Two sets of manufactured samples were thus tested. The following material tests were performed: (i) metallographic analysis, (ii) x-ray tomography, (iii) SEM analysis, (iv) hardness, (v) tensile strength (20 °C, 650 °C) and (vi) pin-on-disc (20 °C, 650 °C). The results show that the CMT discontinuous WAAM led to improved material properties in the Inconel 625 samples. Ultimate tensile strength improved by 15% at 20 °C and by 4% at 650 °C. Wear resistance at 650 °C was about two times higher. This paper concludes that the CMT discontinuous WAAM for Inconel 625 is definitely suitable for manufacturing of complex shapes, fine details and thin-walled components.
Controls and performance: assessing the mediating role of creativity and collegiality
Authors: Su Sophia , Baird Kevin , Tung Amy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study examines the mediating role of two types of employee related behaviour, creativity and collegiality, in the association between the use of Snell’s (1992) three control types (i.e. input, behaviour, and output) with individual employee job performance and organisational performance. An online survey questionnaire was used to collect data, with 203 responses received from Australian lower-level managers. The findings reveal that while output controls influence both individual employee job performance and organisational performance directly, creativity and collegiality play significant roles in mediating the associations between input and behaviour controls with both individual employee job performance and organisational performance. Overall, the findings contribute to the MCS literature by providing an empirical insight into how the use of different types of controls can enhance specific aspects of performance, i.e. individual employee job performance, and organisational financial and non-financial performance, via employee related behaviour (creativity and collegiality). Such findings have important implications for practice.
The description, distribution and habitat of wild banana species in northern Viet Nam
Authors: Vu Tuong Dang , Vu Dang Toan , Janssens Steven B. , De Langhe Edmond , Le Loan Thi , Kallow Simon , Mertens Arne , Vu Thi Thu Hien , Nguyen Thanh Tuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNorthern Viet Nam displays a remarkable diversity of wild bananas (Musa L.), including the species from which the majority of cultivated bananas derive. The taxonomy and exact distribution of these wild bananas are however not well known, limiting their conservation and use. In the present study, we describe the morphology, ecology, and phytogeography of the 6 Musa species that were collected between 2016 and 2019 in northern Viet Nam: Musa acuminata Colla, M. balbisiana Colla, M. itinerans Cheesman, M. haekkinenii N.S.Ly & Haev, M. lutea R.V.Valmayor, L.D.Danh and Hakkinen and M. paracoccinea A.Z.Liu and D.Z.Li:. Of these, M. itinerans was the species with the most widespread distribution range, occurring as large mats in various habitats between 136 and 1331 m, whereas M. acuminata was found between 136 and 989 m and M. balbisiana was between 108 and 981 m. Furthermore, M. lutea, M. paracoccinea and M. haekkinenii were distributed in open areas with low competition for light, between 80 and 800 m. These latter three species have the potential to become ornamental plants, being characterized by bright and colourful upright inflorescences. The data presented here will help in providing a valuable contribution to the conservation and use of the wild bananas in northern Viet Nam.
Functionalized SnO2 nanoparticles with gallic acid via green chemical approach for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of citalopram: synthesis, characterization and application to pharmaceutical wastewater treatment
Authors: Nazim Veronia S. , El-Sayed Ghada M. , Amer Sawsan M. , Nadim Ahmed H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Eco-friendly stannic oxide nanoparticles functionalized with gallic acid (SnO2/GA NP) were synthesized and employed as a novel photocatalyst for the degradation of citalopram, a commonly prescribed antidepressant drug. SnO2/GA NP were characterized using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurements and X-ray diffraction. A validated RP-HPLC assay was developed to monitor citalopram concentration in the presence of its degradation products. Full factorial design (24) was conducted to investigate the effect of irradiation time, pH, SnO2/GA NP loading and initial citalopram concentration on the efficiency of the photodegradation process. Citalopram initial concentration was found to be the most significant parameter followed by irradiation time and pH, respectively. At optimum conditions, 88.43 ± 0.7% degradation of citalopram (25.00 µg/mL) was obtained in 1 h using UV light (1.01 mW/cm2). Citalopram kinetics of degradation followed pseudo-first order rate with Kobs and t0.5 of − 0.037 min−1 and 18.73 min, respectively. The optimized protocol was successfully applied for treatment of water samples collected during different cleaning validation cycles of citalopram production lines. The reusability of SnO2/GA NP was studied for 3 cycles without significant loss in activity. This approach would provide a green and economic alternative for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment of organic pollutants.
Graphical abstract
On Processing Potato 3: Survey of Performances, Productivity and Losses in the Supply Chain
Authors: Haverkort A. J. , Linnemann A. R. , Struik P. C. , Wiskerke J. S. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Potato has strong links between the actors as varieties bred by breeders, crop management of growers and site location of processors strongly influence the yield and quality of the finished products. Here, the actors (breeders, growers, processors, retailers and users) in the value chain are recognized, and their information and material flows identified. The influence of genotype, environment and crop management and the efficient use of resources during the production of raw material, tubers harvested for processing purposes, are delineated. It is shown that climate change affects performance and that consumers looking for quality and new products are hardly interested in the primary processes, nor are breeders and processors showing interest in consumer concerns. Crop performance is dependent on yield and quality (dry matter, sugars, tuber size and desired and undesired constituents). Factory performance relies on recovery, reuse of rejects and avoidance of wastes. Heatmaps drawn of classes of productivity and losses and their attributes reveal where gains are to be made on fields, farms and factories to improve efficiencies, reduce the impact on the environment, and opportunities for decarbonisation.
Evolving fuzzy neural classifier that integrates uncertainty from human-expert feedback
Authors: de Campos Souza Paulo Vitor , Lughofer Edwin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEvolving fuzzy neural networks are models capable of solving complex problems in a wide variety of contexts. In general, the quality of the data evaluated by a model has a direct impact on the quality of the results. Some procedures can generate uncertainty during data collection, which can be identified by experts to choose more suitable forms of model training. This paper proposes the integration of expert input on labeling uncertainty into evolving fuzzy neural classifiers (EFNC) in an approach called EFNC-U. Uncertainty is considered in class label input provided by experts, who may not be entirely confident in their labeling or who may have limited experience with the application scenario for which the data is processed. Further, we aimed to create highly interpretable fuzzy classification rules to gain a better understanding of the process and thus to enable the user to elicit new knowledge from the model. To prove our technique, we performed binary pattern classification tests within two application scenarios, cyber invasion and fraud detection in auctions. By explicitly considering class label uncertainty in the update process of the EFNC-U, improved accuracy trend lines were achieved compared to fully (and blindly) updating the classifiers with uncertain data. Integration of (simulated) labeling uncertainty smaller than 20% led to similar accuracy trends as using the original streams (unaffected by uncertainty). This demonstrates the robustness of our approach up to this uncertainty level. Finally, interpretable rules were elicited for a particular application (auction fraud identification) with reduced (and thus readable) antecedent lengths and with certainty values in the consequent class labels. Additionally, an average expected uncertainty of the rules were elicited based on the uncertainty levels in those samples which formed the corresponding rules.
Neuroprotective Potential of Intranasally Delivered Sulforaphane-Loaded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Against Cisplatin-Induced Neurotoxicity
Authors: Ibrahim Fouad Ghadha , El-Sayed Sara A. M. , Mabrouk Mostafa , Ahmed Kawkab A. , Beherei Hanan H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCisplatin (CIS) is a platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug that is widely used to treat cancer. However, its therapeutic efficiency is limited due to its potential to provoke neurotoxicity. Sulforaphane (SF) is a natural phytochemical that demonstrated several protective activities. Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) could be used as drug carriers. This study aimed to explore the nanotoxic influence of SF-loaded within Fe3O4-NPs (N.SF), and to compare the neuroprotective potential of both N.SF and SF against CIS-induced neurotoxicity. N.SF or SF was administrated intranasally for 5 days before and 3 days after a single dose of CIS (12 mg/kg/week, i.p.) on the 6thday. Neuromuscular coordination was assessed using hanging wire and tail-flick tests. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities and markers of oxidative stress were measured in the brain. In addition, the brain iron (Fe) content was estimated. CIS significantly induced a significant increase in AChE activities and lipid peroxides, and a significant decrement in glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO) contents. CIS elicited impaired neuromuscular function and thermal hyperalgesia. CIS-induced brains displayed a significant reduction in Fe content. Histopathological examination of different brain regions supported the biochemical and behavioral results. Contradict, treatment of CIS-rats with either N.SF or SF significantly decreased AChE activity, mitigated oxidative stress, and ameliorated the behavioral outcome. The histopathological features supported our results. Collectively, N.SF demonstrated superior neuroprotective activities on the behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological (striatum and cerebral cortex) aspects. N.SF could be regarded as a promising “pre-clinical” neuroprotective agent. Furthermore, this study confirmed the safe toxicological profile of Fe3O4-NPs.
Fatigue strength assessment of TIG-dressed high-strength steel cruciform joints by nominal and local approaches
Authors: Brunnhofer P. , Buzzi C. , Pertoll T. , Leitner M. , Mössler W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAccording to the IIW recommendation, the fatigue strength of welded steel joints is defined as independent of the base material in case of the as-welded condition. However, post-treatment techniques can improve the fatigue performance of welded structures, especially for increased base material strengths. Therefore, this paper investigates the effect of TIG dressing, as common post-weld treatment method, on the fatigue strength of high-strength steel S700 cruciform joints. The statistically evaluated fatigue test results reveal a significant increase of the nominal fatigue strength from FAT 90 for the as-welded up to 182 MPa for the TIG-dressed state. The experiments are further compared to recommended and suggested design curves applying both nominal as well as local stress approaches. Focusing on the TIG-dressed state, the suggested increase in nominal stresses is well validated leading to a conservative assessment. In addition, the proposed slope in the finite life region with a value of m1 = 4 shows a sound fit to the statistically evaluated value of m1 = 4.7 for the test results. The local fatigue strength estimation is performed based on a recent proposal using the theory of critical distances. Therefore, linear elastic numerical analysis of the investigated specimens is performed. Again, the resulting S-N curves agree well to the experiments validating the proposed local design approach.
Determining coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) community incidence threshold for preoperative testing
Authors: Zhou Judy , Wituik Christopher , Al-Salem Mohammed , Aljarbou Alanoud , Dekker Jonah , Karimi Saba , Mertz Dominik 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPreprocedural testing for severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is frequently used to reduce perioperative morbidity and mortality during the pandemic. Such testing is resource intensive, and the relative benefits depend on local epidemiology. We propose a threshold of 20 per 100,000 unlinked cases to activate such testing to optimize the yield and positive predictive value.
On strongly rigid hyperfluctuating random measures
Authors: Klatt Michael Andreas , Last Günter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn contrast to previous belief, we provide examples of stationary ergodic random measures that are both hyperfluctuating and strongly rigid. Therefore we study hyperplane intersection processes (HIPs) that are formed by the vertices of Poisson hyperplane tessellations. These HIPs are known to be hyperfluctuating, that is, the variance of the number of points in a bounded observation window grows faster than the size of the window. Here we show that the HIPs exhibit a particularly strong rigidity property. For any bounded Borel set B, an exponentially small (bounded) stopping set suffices to reconstruct the position of all points in B and, in fact, all hyperplanes intersecting B. Therefore the random measures supported by the hyperplane intersections of arbitrary (but fixed) dimension, are also hyperfluctuating. Our examples aid the search for relations between correlations, density fluctuations, and rigidity properties.
DISTALITY RANK
Authors: WALKER ROLAND 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBuilding on Pierre Simon’s notion of distality, we introduce distality rank as a property of first-order theories and give examples for each rankmsuch that$1\leq m \leq \omega $. For NIP theories, we show that distality rank is invariant under base change. We also define a generalization of type orthogonality calledm-determinacy and show that theories of distality rankmrequire certain products to bem-determined. Furthermore, for NIP theories, this behavior characterizesm-distality. If we narrow the scope to stable theories, we observe thatm-distality can be characterized by the maximum cycle size found in the forking “geometry,” so it coincides with$(m-1)$-triviality. On a broader scale, we see thatm-distality is a strengthening of Saharon Shelah’s notion ofm-dependence.
Paleogeographical reconstruction of the western French Alps foreland during the last glacial maximum using cosmogenic exposure dating
Authors: Roattino Thibault , Crouzet Christian , Vassallo Riccardo , Buoncristiani Jean-François , Carcaillet Julien , Gribenski Natacha , Valla Pierre G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe extent of glaciers in the western French Alps foreland during the last glacial maximum (LGM, 26.5–19 ka) has not yet been determined, so understanding glacial paleogeography during the LGM remains an open question. This study focuses on the glacial chronology in the western French Alps piedmont using 10Be surface exposure ages on nine glacial boulders and 12 erratic boulders. Results indicate an LGM glacier advance between ca. 24 and 21 ka. During the late LGM, a smaller glacier readvance or stabilization phase occurred at ca. 19 ka, which was followed by a withdrawal phase between ca. 19 and 16.5 ka. Our outcomes show that the LGM extent in the western French Alps was similar or slightly less extensive than the pre-LGM ice extents during the last glacial. Such paleogeography has also been suggested in the western Italian Alps, which share the same accumulation zone with the western French Alps glaciers. The LGM dynamic of the western French Alps foreland glaciers highlighted by our exposure ages is consistent with the timing of the LGM glacier advances and deglaciation with the western Italian ice lobes.