bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local and Remote Forcing of Interannual Sea‐Level Variability at Nantucket Island
Authors: Wang Ou , Lee Tong , Piecuch Christopher G. , Fukumori Ichiro , Fenty Ian , Frederikse Thomas , Menemenlis Dimitris , Ponte Rui M. , Zhang Hong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe relative contributions of local and remote wind stress and air‐sea buoyancy forcing to sea‐level variations along the East Coast of the United States are not well quantified, hindering the understanding of sea‐level predictability there. Here, we use an adjoint sensitivity analysis together with an Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) ocean state estimate to establish the causality of interannual variations in Nantucket dynamic sea level. Wind forcing explains 67% of the Nantucket interannual sea‐level variance, while wind and buoyancy forcing together explain 97% of the variance. Wind stress contribution is near‐local, primarily from the New England shelf northeast of Nantucket. We disprove a previous hypothesis about Labrador Sea wind stress being an important driver of Nantucket sea‐level variations. Buoyancy forcing, as important as wind stress in some years, includes local contributions as well as remote contributions from the subpolar North Atlantic that influence Nantucket sea level a few years later. Our rigorous adjoint‐based analysis corroborates previous correlation‐based studies indicating that sea‐level variations in the subpolar gyre and along the United States northeast coast can both be influenced by subpolar buoyancy forcing. Forward perturbation experiments further indicate remote buoyancy forcing affects Nantucket sea level mostly through slow advective processes, although coastally trapped waves can cause rapid Nantucket sea level response within a few weeks.
Stability and Asymmetry of Tide‐Influenced River Bifurcations
Authors: Iwantoro A. P. , van der Vegt M. , Kleinhans M. G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBifurcations are important geomorphological features in tide‐influenced deltas. At bifurcations, river flow and tides distribute sediment over the channel network and determine the morphodynamic evolution of the entire delta. Using a one‐dimensional numerical model, we study the effects of tides on the morphological evolution of bifurcations from river‐dominated to tide‐dominated systems. In accordance with previous studies, bifurcations with small tidal influence, in which the flood flow hardly drives morphological change, have a larger range of Shields stress and width‐to‐depth ratio conditions for which symmetric bifurcations are stable to depth perturbations, compared to their river‐dominated counterparts. We extended the existing studies to tide‐dominated conditions. When bifurcations become increasingly tide‐dominated, the range of conditions under which balance discharge partition (symmetric morphology) can exist, shrinks. Under these conditions, the bed can also change during the flood phase and growth of the bed asymmetry is larger than the decay during ebb. However, the bed asymmetry in equilibrium becomes less pronounced with increasing tidal dominance. We conclude that tides reduce the tendency of closure and abandonment of one of the downstream channels compared to river‐dominated bifurcations, either by inhibiting the instability or by reducing asymmetry.
Organic Molecular Signatures of the Congo River and Comparison to the Amazon
Authors: Kurek Martin R. , Stubbins Aron , Drake Travis W. , Dittmar Thorsten , M. S. Moura José , Holmes R. Max , Osterholz Helena , Six Johan , Wabakanghanzi José N. , Dinga Bienvenu , Mitsuya Miyuki , Spencer Robert G. M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Congo and Amazon are the two largest rivers on Earth and serve as major sources of dissolved organic carbon to the ocean. We compared the dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition of both rivers using Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to investigate seasonal and regional differences in DOM composition exported to the ocean. We found that over a 15‐month observational period in the Congo River, molecular aromaticity and oxygenation between the wet and dry periods varied slightly, but most of the relative abundance of DOM formulae (∼90%) were present in all samples, suggesting that Congo River DOM quality is stable across different hydrological conditions. In contrast, the multi‐year DOM composition in the Amazon River was highly susceptible to changes in hydrology, with clear differences in molecular aromaticity, oxygenation, and heteroatom (N, S, P) content between the wet and dry seasons. Overall, the DOM composition of the Congo River was more terrestrial than Amazon River DOM, which was more characteristic of aquatic DOM. Finally, we compared the relative contribution of island of stability (IOS) formulae between the rivers and found that both rivers export similar amounts of these formulae annually, more than several major rivers combined, and that the Congo is more than twice as efficient in exporting these IOS formulae. With changing precipitation and land use, the quantity and composition of exported DOM will likely reflect the mobilization of additional terrestrial and anthropogenic sources that will also be subjected to downstream land‐to‐ocean cycling.
Deceleration of Madden–Julian Oscillation Speed in NICAM AMIP‐Type Simulation Associated With Biases in the Walker Circulation Strength
Authors: Suematsu Tamaki , Miura Hiroaki , Kodama Chihiro , Takasuka Daisuke 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe eastward movement speed of Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) events simulated in a 30‐year simulation on a global cloud resolving model, nonhydrostatic icosahedral atmospheric model, following the atmospheric model intercomparison project protocol with a slab ocean was analyzed and compared with the observation. The simulation reproduced the observed tendency of the MJO to decelerate when it is embedded within the stronger Walker circulation, intensified by background sea surface temperature states with larger zonal gradients between the warmer western Pacific and the cooler Indian Ocean and eastern Pacific. However, the simulated MJO events occurred disproportionately during El Niño events and displayed a slow bias. These biases were associated with an overestimation of the western Walker circulation cell strength, which was partially counteracted during El Niño events. Our results highlight the importance of accurately reproducing the mean atmospheric circulation for the realistic reproduction of the MJO in long term simulations.
Radar Characterization of Ice Crystal Orientation Fabric and Anisotropic Viscosity Within an Antarctic Ice Stream
Authors: Jordan T. M. , Martín C. , Brisbourne A. M. , Schroeder D. M. , Smith A. M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe use polarimetric radar sounding to investigate ice crystal orientation fabric and its impact on ice viscosity within the near surface of Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica. The technique retrieves lateral and depth variations in the horizontal components of ice fabric but no direct information on the vertical fabric component. In the shallowest ice (depths 40–100 m), the fabric is consistent with flow‐induced development and correlates with the surface compression direction. Notably, toward the ice‐stream margin, the horizontal compression angle and azimuthal fabric orientation tend toward 45° relative to ice flow which is consistent with the early stages of flow‐induced fabric under simple shear. The fabric orientation in deeper ice (depths 100–300 m) is, in places, significantly misaligned with shallower ice and the surface compression direction due to sharp depth transitions in orientation. We then use a rheological model to bound effective anisotropic viscosities (directional hardness) of ice that are consistent with the radar measurements. Toward the shear margin, we show that the shallow‐ice fabric does not appreciably soften the ice to lateral shear although this may happen in deeper ice. In the center of the ice stream, we show that lateral and depth variations in the fabric alignment relative to ice flow result in corresponding changes in uniaxial ice viscosities relative to ice flow. Our results indicate that spatial variability in the fabric translates to variability in viscosity that widely used isotropic ice‐flow models are unable to consider.
Traumatic brain injury-induced submissive behavior in rats: link to depression and anxiety
Authors: Boyko Matthew , Gruenbaum Benjamin F. , Shelef Ilan , Zvenigorodsky Vladislav , Severynovska Olena , Binyamin Yair , Knyazer Boris , Frenkel Amit , Frank Dmitry , Zlotnik Alexander 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) affects millions of people worldwide, many of whom are affected with post-TBI mood disorders or behavioral changes, including aggression or social withdrawal. Diminished functionality can persist for decades after TBI and delay rehabilitation and resumption of employment. It has been established that there is a relationship between these mental disorders and brain injury. However, the etiology and causal relationships behind these conditions are poorly understood. Rodent models provide a helpful tool for researching mood disorders and social impairment due to their natural tendencies to form social hierarchies. Here, we present a rat model of mental complications after TBI using a suite of behavioral tests to examine the causal relationships between changes in social behavior, including aggressive, hierarchical, depressive, and anxious behavior. For this purpose, we used multivariate analysis to identify causal relationships between the above post-TBI psychiatric sequelae. We performed statistical analysis using principal component analysis, discriminant analysis, and correlation analysis, and built a model to predict dominant-submissive behavior based on the behavioral tests. This model displayed a predictive accuracy of 93.3% for determining dominant-submissive behavior in experimental groups. Machine learning algorithms determined that in rats, aggression is not a principal prognostic factor for dominant-submissive behavior. Alternatively, dominant-submissive behavior is determined solely by the rats’ depressive-anxious state and exploratory activity. We expect the causal approach used in this study will guide future studies into mood conditions and behavioral changes following TBI.
Liquid crystals of neat boron nitride nanotubes and their assembly into ordered macroscopic materials
Authors: Simonsen Ginestra Cedric J. , Martínez-Jiménez Cecilia , Matatyaho Ya’akobi Asia , Dewey Oliver S. , Smith McWilliams Ashleigh D. , Headrick Robert J. , Acapulco Jesus A. , Scammell Lyndsey R. , Smith Michael W. , Kosynkin Dmitry V. , Marincel Daniel M. , Park Cheol , Chu Sang-Hyon , Talmon Yeshayahu , Martí Angel A. , Pasquali Matteo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBoron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) have attracted attention for their predicted extraordinary properties; yet, challenges in synthesis and processing have stifled progress on macroscopic materials. Recent advances have led to the production of highly pure BNNTs. Here we report that neat BNNTs dissolve in chlorosulfonic acid (CSA) and form birefringent liquid crystal domains at concentrations above 170 ppmw. These tactoidal domains merge into millimeter-sized regions upon light sonication in capillaries. Cryogenic electron microscopy directly shows nematic alignment of BNNTs in solution. BNNT liquid crystals can be processed into aligned films and extruded into neat BNNT fibers. This study of nematic liquid crystals of BNNTs demonstrates their ability to form macroscopic materials to be used in high-performance applications.
JMJD3 intrinsically disordered region links the 3D-genome structure to TGFβ-dependent transcription activation
Authors: Vicioso-Mantis Marta , Fueyo Raquel , Navarro Claudia , Cruz-Molina Sara , van Ijcken Wilfred F. J. , Rebollo Elena , Rada-Iglesias Álvaro , Martínez-Balbás Marian A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEnhancers are key regulatory elements that govern gene expression programs in response to developmental signals. However, how multiple enhancers arrange in the 3D-space to control the activation of a specific promoter remains unclear. To address this question, we exploited our previously characterized TGFβ-response model, the neural stem cells, focusing on a ~374 kb locus where enhancers abound. Our 4C-seq experiments reveal that the TGFβ pathway drives the assembly of an enhancer-cluster and precise gene activation. We discover that the TGFβ pathway coactivator JMJD3 is essential to maintain these structures. Using live-cell imaging techniques, we demonstrate that an intrinsically disordered region contained in JMJD3 is involved in the formation of phase-separated biomolecular condensates, which are found in the enhancer-cluster. Overall, in this work we uncover novel functions for the coactivator JMJD3, and we shed light on the relationships between the 3D-conformation of the chromatin and the TGFβ-driven response during mammalian neurogenesis.
Low level of anthropization linked to harsh vertebrate biodiversity declines in Amazonia
Authors: Cantera Isabel , Coutant Opale , Jézéquel Céline , Decotte Jean-Baptiste , Dejean Tony , Iribar Amaia , Vigouroux Régis , Valentini Alice , Murienne Jérôme , Brosse Sébastien 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAssessing the impact of human activity on ecosystems often links local biodiversity to disturbances measured within the same locality. However, remote disturbances may also affect local biodiversity. Here, we used environmental DNA metabarcoding to evaluate the relationships between vertebrate biodiversity (fish and mammals) and disturbance intensity in two Amazonian rivers. Measurements of anthropic disturbance -here forest cover losses- were made from the immediate vicinity of the biodiversity sampling sites to up to 90 km upstream. The findings suggest that anthropization had a spatially extended impact on biodiversity. Forest cover losses of <11% in areas up to 30 km upstream from the biodiversity sampling sites were linked to reductions of >22% in taxonomic and functional richness of both terrestrial and aquatic fauna. This underscores the vulnerability of Amazonian biodiversity even to low anthropization levels. The similar responses of aquatic and terrestrial fauna to remote disturbances indicate the need for cross-ecosystem conservation plans that consider the spatially extended effects of anthropization.
Pathway to a land-neutral expansion of Brazilian renewable fuel production
Authors: Ramirez Camargo Luis , Castro Gabriel , Gruber Katharina , Jewell Jessica , Klingler Michael , Turkovska Olga , Wetterlund Elisabeth , Schmidt Johannes 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBiofuels are currently the only available bulk renewable fuel. They have, however, limited expansion potential due to high land requirements and associated risks for biodiversity, food security, and land conflicts. We therefore propose to increase output from ethanol refineries in a land-neutral methanol pathway: surplus CO2-streams from fermentation are combined with H2 from renewably powered electrolysis to synthesize methanol. We illustrate this pathway with the Brazilian sugarcane ethanol industry using a spatio-temporal model. The fuel output of existing ethanol generation facilities can be increased by 43%–49% or ~100 TWh without using additional land. This amount is sufficient to cover projected growth in Brazilian biofuel demand in 2030. We identify a trade-off between renewable energy generation technologies: wind power requires the least amount of land whereas a mix of wind and solar costs the least. In the cheapest scenario, green methanol is competitive to fossil methanol at an average carbon price of 95€ tCO2−1.
Fibrous hydrogels under biaxial confinement
Authors: Li Yang , Li Yunfeng , Prince Elisabeth , Weitz Jeffrey I. , Panyukov Sergey , Ramachandran Arun , Rubinstein Michael , Kumacheva Eugenia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConfinement of fibrous hydrogels in narrow capillaries is of great importance in biological and biomedical systems. Stretching and uniaxial compression of fibrous hydrogels have been extensively studied; however, their response to biaxial confinement in capillaries remains unexplored. Here, we show experimentally and theoretically that due to the asymmetry in the mechanical properties of the constituent filaments that are soft upon compression and stiff upon extension, filamentous gels respond to confinement in a qualitatively different manner than flexible-strand gels. Under strong confinement, fibrous gels exhibit a weak elongation and an asymptotic decrease to zero of their biaxial Poisson’s ratio, which results in strong gel densification and a weak flux of liquid through the gel. These results shed light on the resistance of strained occlusive clots to lysis with therapeutic agents and stimulate the development of effective endovascular plugs from gels with fibrous structures for stopping vascular bleeding or suppressing blood supply to tumors.
DAT and TH expression marks human Parkinson’s disease in peripheral immune cells
Authors: Gopinath Adithya , Mackie Phillip , Hashimi Basil , Buchanan Anna Marie , Smith Aidan R. , Bouchard Rachel , Shaw Gerry , Badov Martin , Saadatpour Leila , Gittis Aryn , Ramirez-Zamora Adolfo , Okun Michael S. , Streit Wolfgang J. , Hashemi Parastoo , Khoshbouei Habibeh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is marked by a loss of dopamine neurons, decreased dopamine transporter (DAT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression. However, this validation approach cannot be used for diagnostic, drug effectiveness or investigational purposes in human patients because midbrain tissue is accessible postmortem. PD pathology affects both the central nervous and peripheral immune systems. Therefore, we immunophenotyped blood samples of PD patients for the presence of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and discovered that DAT+/TH+monocytic MDSCs, but not granulocytic MDSCs are increased, suggesting a targeted immune response to PD. Because in peripheral immune cells DAT activity underlies an immune suppressive mechanism, we investigated whether expression levels of DAT and TH in the peripheral immune cells marks PD. We found drug naïve PD patients exhibit differential DAT+/TH+expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) compared to aged/sex matched healthy subjects. While total PBMCs are not different between the groups, the percentage of DAT+/TH+PBMCs was significantly higher in drug naïve PD patients compared to healthy controls irrespective of age, gender, disease duration, disease severity or treatment type. Importantly, treatment for PD negatively modulates DAT+/TH+expressing PBMCs. Neither total nor the percentage of DAT+/TH+PBMCs were altered in the Alzheimer’s disease cohort. The mechanistic underpinning of this discovery in human PD was revealed when these findings were recapitulated in animal models of PD. The reverse translational experimental strategy revealed that alterations in dopaminergic markers in peripheral immune cells are due to the disease associated changes in the CNS. Our study demonstrates that the dopaminergic machinery on peripheral immune cells displays an association with human PD, with exciting implications in facilitating diagnosis and investigation of human PD pathophysiology.
The International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean Version 2
Authors: Dorschel Boris , Hehemann Laura , Viquerat Sacha , Warnke Fynn , Dreutter Simon , Tenberge Yvonne Schulze , Accettella Daniela , An Lu , Barrios Felipe , Bazhenova Evgenia , Black Jenny , Bohoyo Fernando , Davey Craig , De Santis Laura , Dotti Carlota Escutia , Fremand Alice C. , Fretwell Peter T. , Gales Jenny A. , Gao Jinyao , Gasperini Luca , Greenbaum Jamin S. , Jencks Jennifer Henderson , Hogan Kelly , Hong Jong Kuk , Jakobsson Martin , Jensen Laura , Kool Johnathan , Larin Sergei , Larter Robert D. , Leitchenkov German , Loubrieu Benoît , Mackay Kevin , Mayer Larry , Millan Romain , Morlighem Mathieu , Navidad Francisco , Nitsche Frank O. , Nogi Yoshifumi , Pertuisot Cécile , Post Alexandra L. , Pritchard Hamish D. , Purser Autun , Rebesco Michele , Rignot Eric , Roberts Jason L. , Rovere Marzia , Ryzhov Ivan , Sauli Chiara , Schmitt Thierry , Silvano Alessandro , Smith Jodie , Snaith Helen , Tate Alex J. , Tinto Kirsty , Vandenbossche Philippe , Weatherall Pauline , Wintersteller Paul , Yang Chunguo , Zhang Tao , Arndt Jan Erik 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica is a region that is key to a range of climatic and oceanographic processes with worldwide effects, and is characterised by high biological productivity and biodiversity. Since 2013, the International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean (IBCSO) has represented the most comprehensive compilation of bathymetry for the Southern Ocean south of 60°S. Recently, the IBCSO Project has combined its efforts with the Nippon Foundation – GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project supporting the goal of mapping the world’s oceans by 2030. New datasets initiated a second version of IBCSO (IBCSO v2). This version extends to 50°S (covering approximately 2.4 times the area of seafloor of the previous version) including the gateways of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Antarctic circumpolar frontal systems. Due to increased (multibeam) data coverage, IBCSO v2 significantly improves the overall representation of the Southern Ocean seafloor and resolves many submarine landforms in more detail. This makes IBCSO v2 the most authoritative seafloor map of the area south of 50°S.
A global dataset to parametrize critical nitrogen dilution curves for major crop species
Authors: Ciampitti Ignacio , van Versendaal Emmanuela , Rybecky Juan Francisco , Lacasa Josefina , Fernandez Javier , Makowski David , Lemaire Gilles 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPrecise management of crop nitrogen nutrition is essential to maximize yields while limiting pollution risks. For several decades, the critical nitrogen (N) dilution curve - relating plant biomass (W) to N concentration (%N) - has become a key tool for diagnosing plant nutritional status. Increasing number of studies are being conducted to parameterize critical N dilution curves of a wide range of crop species in different environments and N-fertilized conditions. A global synthesis of the resulting data is lacking on this topic. Here, we conduct a systematic review of the experimental data collected worldwide to parametrize critical N dilution curves. The dataset consists of 36 papers containing a total of 4454 observations for 19 major crop species distributed in 16 countries. The key variables of this dataset are the W and %N collected at three or more sampling times, containing three or more fertilizer N rate levels. This dataset can guide the development of generic critical N dilution curves, helps scientists to identify factors influencing plant N status, and leads to the formulation of more robust N recommendations for a broad range of environmental conditions.