bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling Ion Beams, Kinetic Instabilities, and Waves Observed by the Parker Solar Probe near Perihelia
Authors: Ofman Leon , Boardsen Scott A , Jian Lan K , Verniero Jaye L , Larson Davin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recent in situ observations from the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission in the inner heliosphere near perihelia show evidence of ion beams, temperature anisotropies, and kinetic wave activity, which are likely associated with kinetic heating and acceleration processes of the solar wind. In particular, the proton beams were detected by PSP/Solar Probe Analyzers-Ion (SPAN-I) and related magnetic fluctuation spectra associated with ion-scale waves were observed by the FIELDS instrument. We present the ion velocity distribution functions (VDFs) from SPAN-I and the results of 2.5D and 3D hybrid-particle-in-cell models of proton and α particle super-Alfvénic beams that drive ion kinetic instabilities and waves in the inner heliospheric solar wind. We model the evolution of the ion VDFs with beams, and obtain the ion relative drifts speeds, and ion temperature anisotropies for solar wind conditions near PSP perihelia. We calculate the partition of energies between the particles (ions) along and perpendicular and parallel to the magnetic field, as well as the evolution of magnetic energy, and compare to observationally deduced values. We conclude that the ion beam driven kinetic instabilities in the solar wind plasma near perihelia are important components in the cascade of energy from fluid to kinetic scales, an important component in the solar wind plasma heating process.
Energetic Neutral Atoms near Mars: Predicted Distributions Based on MAVEN Measurements
Authors: Ramstad Robin , Brain David A. , Dong Yaxue , Halekas Jasper S. , McFadden James P. , Espley Jared , Jakosky Bruce 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Through phase-space mapping 6 yr of H+, O+, and

O

2

+

distributions measured in situ by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatiles EvolutioN (MAVEN) orbiter, we derive semiempirical average energetic neutral atom (ENA) distributions near Mars. Differential fluxes of H-ENAs and O-ENAs are estimated by line-integrating ENA production and loss rates in the average phase-space ion distributions. By repeating the procedure for a systematic series of vantage points, we produce synthetic ENA observations for virtual circular orbits with radii twice that of Mars, revealing the angular dependence of the observer’s position. Accounting for known ENA production and loss terms, we find that H+ in the upstream solar wind yields total antisunward H-ENA fluxes of ∼3 × 105 cm−2 s−1. The dayside magnetosheath produces H-ENA angular-differential fluxes of up to 3 × 105 cm−2 s−1 sr−1, while the magnetosheath flanks populate the planet’s nightside with H-ENA fluxes in the range of 104–105 cm−2 s−1 sr−1. The O-ENA environment is dominated by a near-isotropic ∼105 cm−2 s−1 sr−1 relatively low-energy (tens of eV) population originating in the top-side ionosphere, particularly on the dayside. Lower fluxes (103–104 cm−2 s−1 sr−1) of energetic O-ENAs (≳100 eV) are mainly found on the nightside and above the electric polar regions of the induced magnetosphere. Asymmetries in the ENA flow are largely limited to the energetic O-ENA populations, while the H-ENA distribution is mostly symmetric around the Sun‒Mars line. We discuss how synthetic ENA observations can provide insight into the near-Mars space environment, including the planet’s plasma environment and exosphere.
Properties of Type Ibn Supernovae: Implications for the Progenitor Evolution and the Origin of a Population of Rapid Transients
Authors: Maeda Keiichi , Moriya Takashi J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Type Ibn supernovae (SNe Ibn) show signatures of strong interaction between the SN ejecta and hydrogen-poor circumstellar matter (CSM). Deriving the ejecta and CSM properties of SNe Ibn provides a great opportunity to study the final evolution of massive stars. In the present work, we present a light-curve (LC) model for the ejecta–CSM interaction, taking into account the processes in which the high-energy photons originally created at the forward and reverse shocks are converted to the observed emission in the optical. The model is applied to a sample of SNe Ibn and “SN Ibn” rapidly evolving transients. We show that the characteristic post-peak behavior commonly seen in the SN Ibn LCs, where a slow decay is followed by a rapid decay, is naturally explained by the transition of the forward-shock property from cooling to adiabatic regime without introducing a change in the CSM density distribution. The (commonly found) slope in the rapid-decay phase indicates a steep CSM density gradient (ρ
CSM ∝ r
−3), inferring a rapid increase in the mass-loss rate toward the SN as a generic property of the SN Ibn progenitors. From the derived ejecta and CSM properties, we argue that massive Wolf–Rayet stars with an initial mass of ≳18 M
⊙ can be a potential class of the progenitors. The present work also indicates the existence of a currently missing population of UV-bright rapid transients for which the final mass-loss rate is lower than the optical SNe Ibn, which can be efficiently probed by future UV missions.
The Gas–Star Formation Cycle in Nearby Star-forming Galaxies. II. Resolved Distributions of CO and Hα Emission for 49 PHANGS Galaxies
Authors: Pan Hsi-An , 潘 璽安 , Schinnerer Eva , Hughes Annie , Leroy Adam , Groves Brent , Barnes Ashley Thomas , Belfiore Francesco , Bigiel Frank , Blanc Guillermo A. , Cao Yixian , Chevance Mélanie , Congiu Enrico , Dale Daniel A. , Eibensteiner Cosima , Emsellem Eric , Faesi Christopher M. , Glover Simon C. O. , Grasha Kathryn , Herrera Cinthya N. , Ho I-Ting , Klessen Ralf S. , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Lang Philipp , Liu Daizhong , McElroy Rebecca , Meidt Sharon E. , Murphy Eric J. , Pety Jérôme , Querejeta Miguel , Razza Alessandro , Rosolowsky Erik , Saito Toshiki , Santoro Francesco , Schruba Andreas , Sun Jiayi , Tomičić Neven , Usero Antonio , Utomo Dyas , Williams Thomas G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The relative distribution of molecular gas and star formation in galaxies gives insight into the physical processes and timescales of the cycle between gas and stars. In this work, we track the relative spatial configuration of CO and Hα emission at high resolution in each of our galaxy targets and use these measurements to quantify the distributions of regions in different evolutionary stages of star formation: from molecular gas without star formation traced by Hα to star-forming gas, and to H ii regions. The large sample, drawn from the Physics at High Angular resolution in Nearby GalaxieS ALMA and narrowband Hα (PHANGS-ALMA and PHANGS-Hα) surveys, spans a wide range of stellar masses and morphological types, allowing us to investigate the dependencies of the gas‒star formation cycle on global galaxy properties. At a resolution of 150 pc, the incidence of regions in different stages shows a dependence on stellar mass and Hubble type of galaxies over the radial range probed. Massive and/or earlier-type galaxies in our sample exhibit a significant reservoir of molecular gas without star formation traced by Hα, while lower-mass galaxies harbor substantial H ii regions that may have dispersed their birth clouds or formed from low-mass, more isolated clouds. Galactic structures add a further layer of complexity to the relative distribution of CO and Hα emission. Trends between galaxy properties and distributions of gas traced by CO and Hα are visible only when the observed spatial scale is ≪500 pc, reflecting the critical resolution requirement to distinguish stages of the star formation process.
Toward a More Complete Optical Census of Active Galactic Nuclei via Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy
Authors: Comerford Julia M. , Negus James , Barrows R. Scott , Wylezalek Dominika , Greene Jenny E. , Müller-Sánchez Francisco , Nevin Rebecca 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
While emission line flux ratio diagnostics are the most common technique for identifying active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in optical spectra, applying this approach to single-fiber spectra of galaxies can omit entire subpopulations of AGNs. Here, we use spatially resolved spectroscopy from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey to construct a sample of 10 galaxies where Baldwin–Philips–Terlevich line flux ratio diagnostics classify each galaxy’s central 3″ spectrum as LINER or star-forming, while >10% of the spaxels in the galaxy’s MaNGA footprint are classified as Seyfert. We obtain Chandra observations of these 10 galaxies with off-nuclear Seyfert regions to determine whether AGNs are actually present in them. Our main result is that 7–10 (depending on strictness of criteria) of the galaxies host one or more X-ray AGNs, even though none of them were classified as AGNs based on their single-fiber optical spectra. We find that these AGNs were not identified in the single-fiber spectra because they are AGNs in the nuclei of companion galaxies, low-luminosity AGNs, dust-obscured AGNs, and/or flickering AGNs. In summary, we find that off-nuclear AGN signatures may increase the number of known AGNs by a factor of two over what conventional single nuclear fiber spectra identify. Our results show that spatially resolved spectroscopy can be leveraged to reveal a more complete census of AGNs that are traditionally missed by single-fiber spectra.
ALMA 200 pc Imaging of a z ∼ 7 Quasar Reveals a Compact, Disk-like Host Galaxy
Authors: Walter Fabian , Neeleman Marcel , Decarli Roberto , Venemans Bram , Meyer Romain , Weiss Axel , Bañados Eduardo , Bosman Sarah E. I. , Carilli Chris , Fan Xiaohui , Riechers Dominik , Rix Hans–Walter , Thompson Todd A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present 0.″035 resolution (∼200 pc) imaging of the 158 μm [C ii] line and the underlying dust continuum of the z = 6.9 quasar J234833.34–305410.0. The 18 hour Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations reveal extremely compact emission (diameter ∼1 kpc) that is consistent with a simple, almost face-on, rotation–supported disk with a significant velocity dispersion of ∼160 km s−1. The gas mass in just the central 200 pc is ∼4 × 109
M
⊙, about a factor of two higher than that of the central supermassive black hole. Consequently we do not resolve the black hole’s sphere of influence, and find no kinematic signature of the central supermassive black hole. Kinematic modeling of the [C ii] line shows that the dynamical mass at large radii is consistent with the gas mass, leaving little room for a significant mass contribution by stars and/or dark matter. The Toomre–Q parameter is less than unity throughout the disk, and thus is conducive to star formation, consistent with the high-infrared luminosity of the system. The dust in the central region is optically thick, at a temperature >132 K. Using standard scaling relations of dust heating by star formation, this implies an unprecedented high star formation rate density of >104
M
⊙ yr−1 kpc−2. Such a high number can still be explained with the Eddington limit for star formation under certain assumptions, but could also imply that the central supermassive black hole contributes to the heating of the dust in the central 200 pc.
Testing the Cosmological Principle: Astrometric Limits on Systemic Motion of Quasars at Different Cosmological Epochs
Authors: Makarov Valeri V. , Secrest Nathan J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A sample of 60,410 bona fide optical quasars with astrometric proper motions in Gaia Early Data Release 3 and spectroscopic redshifts above 0.5 in an oval 8400 square degree area of the sky is constructed. Using orthogonal Zernike functions of polar coordinates, the proper motion fields are fitted in a weighted least-squares adjustment of the entire sample and of six equal bins of sorted redshifts. The overall fit with 37 Zernike functions reveals a statistically significant pattern, which is likely to be of instrumental origin. The main feature of this pattern is a chain of peaks and dips mostly in the R.A. component with an amplitude of 25 μas yr−1. This field is subtracted from each of the six analogous fits for quasars grouped by redshifts covering the range 0.5 through 7.03, with median values of 0.72, 1.00, 1.25, 1.52, 1.83, 2.34. The resulting residual patterns are noisier, with formal uncertainties up to 8 μas yr−1 in the central part of the area. We detect a single high-confidence Zernike term for the R.A. proper motion components of quasars with redshifts around 1.52 representing a general gradient of 30 μas yr−1 over 150° on the sky. We do not find any small- or medium-scale systemic variations of the residual proper motion field as functions of redshift above the 2.5σ significance level.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior of Larva Monitoring Interpreter (Jumantik) Cadre as Efforts to Prevent Dengue Cases
Authors: Dja’afar Tjitrowati , Syam Dedi Mahyudin , Bungawati Andi , Arianty Ros 
Published: March 2022

Background: Efforts to prevent and control DHF in Palu City are still inadequate. The lack of community participation in the implementation of 3M causes the density of Aedes aegypti larvae to be high.
Objective: To analyze the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of larva monitoring interpreters before and after being given health education in reducing dengue cases.
Methods: This type of research is a quasi-experimental, with one group pre and posttest design. Carried out in Palu City, Central Sulawesi Province and Pasang Kayu Regency, West Sulawesi Province. The sample size is 98 Jumantik cadres. The interview study instrument used a set of previously validated and tested questionnaires. Informed consent was taken from all respondents and confidentiality was guaranteed throughout the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS with Paired T-test dependent
Results: Knowledge about ways to prevent DHF increased the highest from the pre-test (20.10) post-test (51.77) which means that it increased by 32.3% p = 0.000, the smallest increase in knowledge about the spread of DHF was the pre-test value ( 12.9) post-test (14.2) means an increase of 1.3% p=0.003. The attitude that increased the most was the effort to control DHF with a pre-test value (9.4) post-test (48.2%) increased by 38.8% p = 0.000, while the smallest increase was the attitude of responsibility for controlling DHF with a pre-test value. -test (53.32) post-test (53.50) increased by 0.18% p=0.737. The behavior with the highest increase in value was about larval control with a pre-test score (4.75) post-test (37.78) means an increase of 33.0% p = 0.000, while the smallest increase is the behavior of draining the water tank with the pre-test (26.87) post-test (35.83) increasing 8.96% p = 0.002.
Conclusion: Health education through counseling methods is effective in increasing the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of Jumantik Cadres in preventing dengue fever in Palu City, Central Sulawesi and Pasangkayu Regency, West Sulawesi
Koliko Slovenijo stanejo naravne nesreče?
Authors: Komac Blaž 
Published: March 2022

Članek analizira vložke javnih sredstev v preventivo, raziskave ter pomoč in zavarovanja na področju naravnih nesreč v Sloveniji. Predstavlja javna sredstva za preventivo, odziv in obnovo. Vlaganja v sistem zaščite in reševanja ter sredstva za zmanjšanje posledic nesreč za obdobje med 1999 (2002) in 2019 smo analizirali po podatkih proračunov. Za obdobje 1997–2011 smo ocenili vlaganja v znanost. Analizirali smo strukturo javnih sredstev za pomoč po nesrečah ter neenotnost meril med občinami. Javna sredstva smo primerjali z vlaganji zasebnikov v zavarovanja ter škodnimi izgubami in BDP-jem. Temeljna ugotovitev so obratna sorazmerja med prostorskimi enotami, kar velja za vse velikostne ravni: manjši kot je deléžnik, relativno več finančno prispeva za preventivo pred naravnimi nesrečami.
In this article we analyze the contribution of public funds for prevention, scientific research, financial aid for disaster events, and insurance in the field of natural disasters in Slovenia. It presents the public funds for prevention, response and recovery. We have analyzed the investments in the protection and rescue system and the budget for disaster mitigation for the period between 1999 (2002) and 2019. For the period 1997–2011, we estimated investments in science. We also analyzed the structure of public funds for disaster relief and the inconsistency of criteria and approaches in Slovenian municipalities. We compared public funds with private investments in insurance, with claimed losses and with GDP. The basic finding is that there is an inverse relationship between the investments of the mentioned spatial units: the smaller the actor, the greater its relative financial role in disaster management.
Primary Ureteroscopy for Diagnosing and Treating Acute Urolithiasis During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wani Mudassir Maqbool , Sheikh Iqbal M , Marsh Howard , Sheriff Matin , Bhat Zubair , Mullighan John 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the management of acute urolithiasis during index admission by primary ureteroscopy (P-URS) during coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. With the rise in prevalence of urolithiasis, the focus has shifted to manage patients presenting with acute ureteric colic during their first admission rather than using temporary measures such as emergency stenting (ES) or nephrostomies which are followed by deferred ureteroscopic procedures Deferred Ureteroscopy (D-URS). We compared the results of ES with P-URS procedures in terms of quality and cost benefits during COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
Data were collected prospectively from April 2020 to March 2021 for all emergency urolithiasis procedures performed including ES and P-URS. The quality assessment was based in relation to patient factors including the number of procedures per patient, number of days spent at hospital, number of days off work, and expertise of person operating. Cost analysis included theater expenses, hospital stay charges, and loss of working days.

Results:
This study revealed that the average stay of patients on index admission who had an ES was 1.35 days compared to 1.78 days in patients who underwent P-URS. Patients who had ES had to undergo D-URS and spent another average of 1.5 days in the hospital. Overall, additional expenditure in patients who did not undergo primary ureterorenoscopy was on an average in the range of £1800 (excluding loss of work for patients, who needed to return for multiple procedures).

Conclusion:
We conclude that the approach of P-URS and management of stones in index admission is very effective in both improving quality of patients (during the COVID-19 pandemic) and bringing down cost expenditure effectively.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR BERMAIN DRAMA DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SAVI PADA SISWA SMA
Authors: Ghufroni Ghufroni , Ratna Dewi Marlia 
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar bermain drama dengan model SAVI (Somatis, Auditori, Visual, dan Intelektual) sebagai sarana untuk meningkatkan pembelajaran drama bagi siswa SMA. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode R&D dengan sumber data dan kebutuhan prototipe bahan ajar siswa dan guru SMA. Untuk memvalidasi kebutuhan prototipe bahan ajar drama dilakukan uji pakar dan uji lapangan. Berdasarkan analisis kebutuhan siswa terhadap bahan ajar bermain drama dengan model SAVI secara keseluruhan modul pembelajaran layak untuk dikembangkan dengan aturan kebahasaan yang baik dan tampilan bahan ajar pada gambar yang lebih menarik Sedangkan penilaian prototipe oleh ahli diperoleh hasil kategori baik. Adapun penilaian rata-rata yang diberikan oleh tiga orang guru dengan model dan aspek yang sama juga menghasilkan kategori baik Berdasarkan penilaian ahli dan guru, maka nilai rata-rata prototipe bahan ajar bermain drama dengan model SAVI termasuk kategori baik. Maka berdasarkan penilaian ahli dan guru, bahan ajar yang dikembangkan sudah sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa dan guru. Hasil akhir penelitian ini berupa prototipe bahan ajar bermain drama sebagai sarana untuk meningkatkan pembelajaran drama dalam bentuk buku ajar. Buku tersebut berjudul: Mengembangkan Kreatifitas Bermain Drama
Qayta tiklanuvchi energiya turlari asosidagi energiya qurilmalari
Authors: Mirzaliyev Zoxidjon 
Published: March 2022

Qayta tiklanadigan energetikaning ko'plab loyihalari keng ko'lamli bo'lsa-da, qayta tiklanadigan texnologiyalar qishloq va chekka hududlar va rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlarga ham mos keladi, bu yerda energiya, ko'pincha, inson taraqqiyotida hal qiluvchi ahamiyatga ega. Qayta tiklanadigan energiya texnologiyalarining aksariyati elektr energiyasini ta'minlaganligi sababli qayta tiklanadigan energiyani tarqatish, ko'pincha, keyingi elektrlashtirish bilan birgalikda qo'llaniladi, bu bir nechta afzalliklarga ega: elektr energiyasi issiqlikka aylanishi mumkin, yuqori samaradorlik bilan mexanik energiyaga aylanishi mumkin va toza nuqtada iste'mol qilinishi mumkin. Shu jumladan , ushbu maqolada qayta tiklanuvchi energiya manbalari va energiya qurilmalari haqida batafsil bayon qilinadi.
Zahidé Machado Neto: uma Pioneira dos Estudos sobre a Mulher na Bahia
Authors: Fernandes Felipe Bruno Martins , Dantas Míria Moraes , Pereira Maiara Diana Amaral 
Published: March 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo resgatar a trajetória acadêmica da feminista pioneira, Zahidé Maria Torres Machado Neto, socióloga, professora e pesquisadora da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) através de uma síntese das suas contribuições para uma compreensão da situação das mulheres frente ao mercado de trabalho e das suas lutas pela visibilidade de outras questões por elas enfrentadas num contexto marcado pelas discriminações de gênero. O estudo tenta visibilizar a importância da sua obra e do significativo papel que desempenhou como pesquisadora, docente e militante feminista, problematizando o esquecimento da sua obra e favorecendo seu conhecimento por parte das novas gerações. Essa pesquisa se identifica com os estudos sobre a participação das mulheres no campo científico e foi desenvolvida a partir de uma busca nos registros da sua trajetória acadêmica em arquivos da UFBA. Até o momento, pode-se constatar que além da homenagem prestada pelo Núcleo de Estudos Interdisciplinares sobre a Mulher (NEIM), ao atribuir seu nome ao Centro de Documentação, não houve reconhecimento formal das contribuições dessa pesquisadora desde sua morte Ou seja, não foram encontrados artigos, discursos em sua homenagem, editoriais, ou qualquer outro meio elaborado no sentido da preservação da sua memória.
Caminhos (des)regrados, desejos volúveis – etnografia noturna de uma feira livre numa cidade amazônica
Authors: SOUSA SILVA CASSIO JOSE , ABREU DA SILVEIRA FLAVIO LEONEL 
Published: March 2022

RESUMO:Este artigo trata de apresentar os cenários de sociabilidade urbana onde figuram homens com interesses e práticas afetivo-sexuais, que são destinadas a pessoas do mesmo sexo. Para tanto, o seu foco volta-se à feira livre da cidade de Bragança, região do nordeste paraense. Problematiza-se, desta forma, alguns pontos centrais para a discussão sobre a produção da cidade e seus espaços urbanos pela via do exercício da sexualidade, destacando-se a noite como cenário dos devires e das perambulações dos sujeitos. Interessa-nos o tempo da profusão de desejos que criam espaços da sexualidade, ou seja, espaços da fluência dos desejos e cenários de negociações entre diversos personagens. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Sociabilidade; modos de vida; desejo; sexualidade.
Diversidade Sexual e de Gênero em Áreas Rurais, Contextos Interioranos e/ou Situações Etnicamente Diferenciadas. Novos descentramentos em outras axialidades - Apresentação
Authors: Lopes Moisés Alessandro de Souza , Gontijo Fabiano de Souza , Fernandes Estêvão , Tota Martinho 
Published: March 2022

Apresentação do dossiê Diversidade Sexual e de Gênero em Áreas Rurais, Contextos Interioranos e/ou Situações Etnicamente Diferenciadas. Novos descentramentos em outras axialidades.