bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural-Aided Statistical Attack for Cryptanalysis
Authors: Chen Yi , Shen Yantian , Yu Hongbo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In Crypto’19, Gohr proposed the first deep learning-based key recovery attack on 11-round Speck32/64, which opens the direction of neural-aided cryptanalysis. Until now, neural-aided cryptanalysis still faces two problems: (i) the attack complexity estimations rely purely on practical experiments; (ii) it does not work when there are not enough neutral bits. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to solve these two problems. In this paper, we propose a Neural-Aided Statistical Attack (NASA) that has the following advantages: (i) NASA supports estimating the theoretical complexity. (ii) NASA does not rely on any special properties including neutral bits. Moreover, we propose three methods for reducing the complexity of NASA. One of the methods, which is based on a newly proposed concept named Informative Bit that reveals an important phenomenon, makes NASA applicable to large-size ciphers. We have performed a series of experiments on round reduced Speck32/64, DES, and Speck96/96. These experiments do not only verify the correctness of NASA, but also further highlight the advantage and potential of NASA. Our work arguably raises a new direction for neural-aided cryptanalysis.
From Sweden to America: migrant selection in the transatlantic migration, 1890–1910
Authors: Dribe Martin , Eriksson Björn , Helgertz Jonas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe examine selection by class origin and gender in the emigration from Sweden to the United States during the age of mass migration. We use full-count census data linked to emigration lists to create a panel of over one million men and women. Class selection was similar for men and women, with children from medium-skilled backgrounds being most likely to leave. Selection on class origin was most pronounced in poorer and less industrialized regions, but similar in rural and urban areas. These patterns suggest that not only returns to skill determined migrant selection but also class-specific costs of migration.
Nocturnal pain, is the pain different compared with pain during the day? An exploratory cross-sectional study in patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis
Authors: van Berkel Annemaria C , Ringelenberg Robin , Bindels Patrick J E , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M A , Schiphof Dieuwke 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective
To explore characteristics of nocturnal pain and to identify differences in participants’ characteristics and osteoarthritis (OA) symptoms between hip and knee OA participants with and without nocturnal pain.

Methods
Data for this exploratory cross-sectional study were obtained from an online survey, distributed through social media and patient associations in the period from April 2020 until May 2020, which was conducted in 101 participants with (self-reported) hip or knee OA. Descriptive statistics were used to provide insight into the characteristics of the study population. Pain intensity, localization, dimension, and impact of (nocturnal) pain on sleep were described and compared with daytime pain.

Results
Nocturnal pain was reported by 76/101 (75%) participants. Participants with nocturnal pain scored higher visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for their nocturnal pain compared with their pain at the moment (respectively: median VAS score 49.5 vs. 40.0). Their day pain rating indexes of sensory-discriminative dimension were higher compared with their nocturnal pain. Comparison between participants with and without nocturnal pain showed that participants with nocturnal pain were affected by intermittent, constant, and radiating pain. Pain had more impact on their sleep and they scored their pain at its worst higher compared with participants without nocturnal pain.

Conclusion
In participants with nocturnal pain (75%), we found that their VAS pain scores were not in harmony with their pain expressed in words. This study increases awareness of nocturnal pain in OA patients in general practice. More research is needed to provide general practitioners possible interventions for patients with OA and nocturnal pain.
The Hundred Horses Chestnut: a model system for studying mutation rate during clonal propagation in superior plants
Authors: Nunziata Angelina , Ferlito Filippo , Magri Anna , Ferrara Elvira , Petriccione Milena 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Hundred Horses Chestnut is a monumental European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) of an estimated age of 2000–3000 years living in Sicily (Italy). Its value as a model plant was here explored by ascertaining its genetic uniformity. Two different kinds of molecular markers, already in use for chestnut varieties identification, were used in the present work for analysing the DNA isolated from eight different points of its foliage. Results document that the three trunks that now form the monumental tree originated from the same seed, and could came, therefore, by the radial fragmentation of a main trunk as hypothesized and argued since 1815. A detailed genetic fingerprint of the tree is provided that can be used for tracking its clones worldwide. The confirm of the genetic uniformity of the tree also corroborates the hypothesis concerning its age and confirms that the plant is a good model system for studying genetic intra-varietal variability deriving from the accumulation of somatic mutations. In fact, chestnut cultivars, that are vegetatively propagated, have more recent origin and can therefore be considered at least as homogeneous as the different parts of the Hundred Horses Chestnut foliage. First results are discussed, and perspectives are pointed out for studies about somatic mutations in monumental trees.
Allied Aerial Imagery of the Jasenovac Concentration Camp and Killing Center
Authors: Hutinec Goran 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Allied aerial imagery of the Jasenovac concentration camp and killing site taken between 1944 and 1945 contributes to our understanding of the camp’s topography and function. These images, previously unknown to the scholarly community, provide insight into the daily life of Jasenovac’s inmates, and show traces of mass murder and genocide. They provide evidence of the Allied bombing of the camp in 1945, and corroborate testimonies detailing the Ustaša attempts to eradicate the traces of mass murder in the final weeks of the war.
Early Deportations of Jews in Occupied Poland (October 1939–June 1940): The German and the Soviet Cases
Authors: Pulvermacher Alexandra 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
After the division of Poland in September 1939 following the Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact, deportations of Polish citizens were part of the Nazis’ plan to “Germanize” western and northern Poland, though the Jewish dimension of these events has hardly been investigated. Beyond the organized deportations by the German Security Police, there were local initiatives to expel Jews to the Soviet Zone of partitioned Poland. In the Soviet-occupied Polish territories, many Jews were deported in 1940 to remote areas of the USSR either as “unreliable” or “class alien elements,” or because of their refusal to accept Soviet citizenship. While the brutal Soviet policies unintendedly saved the majority of deported Jews from German extermination, the German deportations were the precursors to total mass murder. This article describes and compares the deportations on both sides, reconstructs the German transports, and concludes that the USSR’s deportations were part of its ongoing war against political opponents and “alien elements,” whereas the Germans’ were stepping stones on Karl A. Schleunes’s “twisted road to Auschwitz.”
Power, Partnership, and Youth as Norm Entrepreneurs: Getting to UN Security Council Resolution 2250 on Youth, Peace, and Security
Authors: Berents Helen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Advocates have long worked within and outside the United Nations (UN) to institutionalize recognition of youth as positive participants in peace and security. However, despite the disproportionate impact of conflict on youth, attention to constructive role of youth in peacebuilding has been largely neglected. In 2015, a convergence of efforts and events saw the UN Security Council pass a groundbreaking thematic resolution, Resolution 2250 on Youth, Peace, and Security (SCR2250), which recognizes for the first time youth's positive role in responding to peace and security challenges. This article draws on analysis of civil society and UN documents, and interviews with key members of the coalition of UN and civil society actors who advocated for this resolution. It demonstrates that partnership with youth in the case of Youth, Peace and Security (YPS) advocacy offers an opportunity to extend understandings of agenda setting in new ways. It examines the issue framing as well as the actors, access, and allies that enabled the success of a coalition of diverse actors working toward normative change. Efforts toward SCR2250 were unique because of the key role of youth-led advocacy, making youth themselves central not only as beneficiaries but also as creators of a new principle for the norm of youth participation in peace and security.
Effect of a Probiotic-Enriched Diet on Sexual Competitiveness, Pheromone Emission, and Cuticular Hydrocarbons of Sterile and Fertile Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Caravantes-Villatoro Luis A , Liedo Pablo , Guillén-Navarro Karina , Rojas Julio C 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The sterile insect technique has been used for the eradication or control of numerous tephritid fruit flies. However, mass-rearing and sterilization can affect the microbiota and sexual performance of male tephritid fruit flies. Despite the addition of postteneral protein food which contributes to the enhancement of the sexual performance of mass-reared males, in some cases, they are less competitive than their wild counterparts. Alternatively, the addition of probiotics may improve the sexual performance of mass-reared sterile males. In this study, we evaluated the effect of a postteneral Lactobacillus casei-enriched diet on the sexual competitivity, pheromone emission, and cuticular hydrocarbons of mass-reared sterile and fertile Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) males. Flies were fed either with sugar, standard diet (sugar and protein, 3:1), sugar + probiotic, or standard diet + probiotic. The addition of the probiotic improved the sexual competitivity of fertile and sterile males that were devoid of protein but led to a negative effect on males fed with a standard diet. As compared to males that were fed with the standard diet + probiotic/only sugar, the males fed with the standard diet or those fed on sugar + probiotic displayed a higher number of mating instances. Sterile males that fed on sugar + probiotic had a higher relative amount of anastrephine, epianastrephine, n-methyl octacosane, and 2-methyl triacontane than those fed on sugar only. Overall, these compounds were common in the treatments where males had the best sexual performance. Our results suggest that the probiotics offer nutritional advantages to males whose food lacks protein.
Detection of Wolbachia in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the State of Maranhão, Brazil
Authors: Chaves Erick Barros , Nascimento-Pereira Agostinho Cardoso , Pinto Jorge Luiz Moraes , Rodrigues Bruno Leite , de Andrade Marcelo Souza , Rêbelo José Manuel Macário 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Recently, the endobacteria Wolbachia has emerged as a biological tool for the control of arboviruses. Thus, we investigated the rate of natural infection by Wolbachia in Culicidae species from Maranhão, Brazil. For this, we amplified the Wolbachia surface protein gene (wsp) from mosquitoes collected in six localities of Maranhão, and positive samples were subjected to new analysis using group-specific primers. In total, 448 specimens comprising 6 genera and 18 species of mosquitoes were analyzed. Wolbachia DNA was PCR-detected in 7 species, three of which are new records: Aedes scapularis (Rondani, 1848), Coquillettidia juxtamansonia (Chagas, 1907) and Cq. venezuelensis (Theobald, 1912), in addition to Ae. albopictus (Skuse, 1894) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823, which are commonly described as permissive to maintain this bacterium in natural environments, and two species of the subgenera Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) Blanchard, 1902 and Culex (Melanoconion) Theobald, 1903 which could not be identified at species level. The infection rate of all species ranged from 0 to 80%, and the average value was 16.5%. This study increases the knowledge about the prevalence of Wolbachia in the culicid fauna and may help in selecting strains for biological control purposes.
Diversification of heat shock transcription factors expanded thermal stress responses during early plant evolution
Authors: Wu Ting-Ying , Hoh Kar Ling , Boonyaves Kulaporn , Krishnamoorthi Shalini , Urano Daisuke 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The copy numbers of many plant transcription factor (TF) genes substantially increased during terrestrialization. This allowed TFs to acquire new specificities and thus create gene regulatory networks (GRNs) with new biological functions to help plants adapt to terrestrial environments. Through characterizing heat shock factor (HSF) genes MpHSFA1 and MpHSFB1 in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, we explored how heat-responsive GRNs widened their functions in M. polymorpha and Arabidopsis thaliana. An interspecies comparison of heat-induced transcriptomes and the evolutionary rates of HSFs demonstrated the emergence and subsequent rapid evolution of HSFB prior to terrestrialization. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses of M. polymorpha HSF-null mutants revealed that MpHSFA1 controls canonical heat responses such as thermotolerance and metabolic changes. MpHSFB1 also plays essential roles in heat responses, as well as regulating developmental processes including meristem branching and antheridiophore formation. Analysis of cis-regulatory elements revealed development- and stress-related TFs that function directly or indirectly downstream of HSFB. Male gametophytes of M. polymorpha showed higher levels of thermotolerance than female gametophytes, which could be explained by different expression levels of MpHSFA1U and MpHSFA1V on sex chromosome. We propose that the diversification of HSFs is linked to the expansion of HS responses, which enabled coordinated multicellular reactions in land plants.
When indicators fail: SPAR, the invisible measure of pandemic preparedness
Authors: Fukuda-Parr Sakiko 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Recent literature on indicators as technology of global governance has shown the power of numbers in shaping knowledge and policy priorities. But not all indicators have powerful effects; some remain invisible. Are such indicators an obverse of powerful indicators? Are the same process of indirect exercise of power to indirectly achieve social and economic effects at work? This paper explores the case of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicator 3.d.1 for the target to build national capacity for pandemic preparedness (target 3d) as a case study of invisible indicators. This indicator has had little traction, despite its relevance in the context of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The paper explores the reasons that explain this paradox through the framework of epistemic infrastructures. It argues that the indicator—the State Party Self-Assessment Report (SPAR) score—was an inconvenient tool for the powerful actors in the global health community as it turned out to be an extremely poor predictor of COVID-19 response performance. It would have exposed not only the failings of the powerful countries that lead the policy agenda for pandemic preparedness but also the legitimacy of their expertise and the paradigm of global health security as an approach to governing health risks. The analysis highlights the tight relationship between power and the use of indicators in global governance. While indicators are increasingly used by powerful actors to reframe policy narratives, the indicator of pandemic preparedness has been kept invisible to maintain their existing framing. It thus illustrates the resilience of power structures in epistemic infrastructures.
Regulatory Decentralization and Stringency: The Case of Comparative Minimum Wage and Renewable Energy Policies
Authors: Sorens Jason 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article investigates the concept and measurement of regulatory decentralization with a focus on minimum wages and renewable electricity standards. These two policy areas are chosen because they admit of a clear interpretation in continuous terms and vary substantially across jurisdictions. Concurrent central and subcentral regulatory competencies have a straightforward quantitative interpretation in these two policy areas. The article presents data on the effective autonomy of subcentral governments to determine their own minimum wage rates and renewable energy standards. It then tests whether more decentralized minimum wage and renewable energy regulatory regimes yield a consistently lower level of regulation and higher degree of interregional policy variation. I find that central governments are more likely to set regulatory minimums than maximums in these areas, and that therefore regulatory centralization does promote a higher level of regulation, but likely not through a competitive dynamic, and less policy variance.
Evaluation of the arts in performance-based research funding systems: An international perspective
Authors: Lewandowska Kamila , Kulczycki Emanuel , Ochsner Michael 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the evaluation of the arts within performance-based research funding systems (PRFSs). Previous literature on PRFSs has overlooked the arts and focussed primarily on outputs in relation to the sciences and humanities. We develop a typology of how artistic outputs are evaluated within 10 countries’ PRFSs, operating in Australia, the Czech Republic, Italy, Lithuania, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, and the UK, and identify three different types of artistic evaluation systems. The study compares evaluation methods and provides a classification of quality criteria used by evaluation panels. We conclude with a discussion of the challenges specific to different types of systems.
Application of the Monte Carlo Method for the Evaluation of Scattered Radiation Dose Due to the Use of Handheld X-Ray in Dentistry
Authors: Gonzales A Cc , Soares M R , Batista W O G , Cardeña A R , Marquez J P , Vega J R 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe object of this study was to evaluate the dose of scattered radiation in the organs of the operator and assistant located in different positions within a dental room when acquiring intraoral images with a portable handheld X-ray device, using Monte Carlo simulations for recommended and traditional techniques. A typical dental installation was modeled, where the operator and assistant were placed. The beam is represented by 60-kV spectrum. Ten scenarios were simulated, representing different positions and use of the lead apron. The results of the simulations were carried out with typical parameters of the annual workload, showing significant increases in dose in the organs of the operator due to the angulation. The minimum dose in the organs of the assistant occurred when he was located 2-m away and 45° from the direction of the beam. The dose received by the operator is significantly reduced with the use apron.
Advancing Active Allyship for Social Justice: Cross-Group Friendships, Social Empathy, and Political Engagement
Authors: Kiehne Elizabeth , Hafen Quinn 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCollections of policies in the United States have produced and perpetuated ubiquitous social disadvantage. To overcome this reality, policymaking must be more democratic and participatory with active allyship in support of social justice. By deepening contextual understanding of systemic barriers and promoting macro perspective taking, social empathy may foster allyship from socially advantaged group members. However, research on the promise of social empathy and understanding of how to advance it remain nascent. Drawing on the intergroup contact theory (ICT) and using a sample of white U.S. college students (N = 329), this study explores the relationship between cross-group friendships, social empathy, and political engagement. Having close friends of color was indirectly related to more political engagement through a serial pathway of greater sociopolitical discussions and social empathy. The theoretical significance of these findings to the ICT and social empathy framework are discussed, as well as implications for intergroup contact interventions, social policy, and social work education.
From ‘Non-market Economy’ to ‘Significant Market Distortions’: rethinking the EU anti-dumping regulation and China’s state interventionism
Authors: Du Ming 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article questions the consistency of the EU anti-dumping regulation with the WTO Anti-dumping Agreement. It argues that with the expiry of paragraph 15(a)(ii) on 11 December 2016, China’s WTO Accession Protocol may no longer provide the legal basis for the EU to set aside Chinese domestic prices in determining normal value of Chinese products. Moreover, given that the European Commission has consistently used costs that are not actual costs of Chinese producers in constructing normal value of Chinese products, the EU anti-dumping practice runs the risk of being inconsistent with WTO law since the WTO Anti-dumping Agreement does not allow for such flexibility when determining costs of production in the exporting country. Drawing on Jackson’s interface theory, this article further argues that the EU’s introduction of the new concept ‘significant market distortions’ to anti-dumping practices should be conceptualized as an effort to reconstitute alternative interface mechanisms when old ones are no longer applicable. The dubious legality of the EU’s new anti-dumping regulation is simply a symptom of a long-brewing tension in the multilateral trade system: how can the WTO accommodate systemic friction between heterogeneous economic models?
Comparison of wavefront-optimized and corneal wavefront-guided transPRK for high-order aberrations (>0.35 μm) in myopia
Authors: Shao Ting , Li Hua , Zhang Jiafan , Wang Huifeng , Liu Sai , Long Keli 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
To compare the clinical outcomes, mainly including contrast sensitivity and high-order aberrations (HOAs), between wavefront-optimized (WFO) and corneal wavefront-guided (CWFG) transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (transPRK) for preoperative HOAs >0.35 μm.

Setting:
Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.

Design:
Prospective randomized controlled study.

Methods:
71 patients with preoperative total ocular and corneal aberrations >0.35 μm who underwent transPRK for the treatment of myopia and myopic astigmatism were randomly divided into the aberration optimization mode group (WFO group; 36 eyes) and the corneal wavefront-guided mode group (CWFG group; 35 eyes). Preoperative and postoperative visual outcome, refraction, contrast sensitivity, and HOAs were compared.

Results:
71 patients (71 eyes) who underwent transPRK were selected. The CWFG group had significantly lower total HOAs and coma values in the corneal aberration compared with the WFO group at 3 (P = .009; P < .001) and 6 months postoperatively (P = .006; P < .001). In addition, the CWFG group had significantly lower total HOAs and coma values in the whole-eye aberration compared with the WFO group at 3 (P = .044; P = .004) and 6 months postoperatively (P = .026; P = .001). The CWFG group had significantly better improvement in contrast sensitivity than the WFO group at spatial frequencies of 3 cycles per degree (cpd), 6 cpd, 12 cpd, and 18 cpd (P = .005, P = .007, P = .001, and P < .001, respectively).

Conclusions:
CWFG transPRK is associated with better visual and refractive outcomes and less HOAs than WFO transPRK in eyes with preoperative aberrations >0.35 μm.