bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractured Lumbar Drain Catheter Retrieval Using an Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach to the Lumbar Spine
Authors: Sulhan Suraj , Sadrameli Saeed S. , Barber Sean , Holman Paul , Britz Gavin , Huang Meng 
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:
Lumbar drain placement is a common neurosurgical procedure, with several surgical and medical indications extending even beyond the specialty. One complication of placement is a fractured catheter fragment. In some circumstances, catheter retrieval is necessary which is classically performed through an open approach. Here, we present the only reported case of a retained lumbar drain catheter which was retrieved using a transforaminal endoscopic approach to the lumbar spine.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
This is a 39 year-old woman who underwent an elective craniotomy with planned perioperative lumbar drain placement for cerebrospinal fluid diversion using a 14-gauge Tuohy needle. Placement was noted to be technically challenging, and during the final attempt on removal of the system, it was noted that the distal end of the catheter had been sheared and retained in the thecal sac. Postoperatively a computed tomography scan of the lumbar spine was obtained showing the catheter fragment which entered the thecal sac dorsally at the L3-4 level but penetrated the ventral dura traveling in the epidural space caudally and terminating in the left lateral recess of L4-5. Given its presumed epidural location near the left L4-5 lateral recess and foramen, the decision was made to attempt a left transforaminal endoscopic approach for catheter retrieval before resorting to a standard open surgery.

CONCLUSION:
As minimally invasive spine techniques for spine surgery continue to evolve, we have highlighted the versatility of the endoscope in spine surgery as it was implemented in our case, allowing for reduced perioperative morbidity associated with retained spinal catheter retrieval.
Angiographic Evaluation of Cranial Venous Outflow Patterns in Patients With and Without Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Sattur Mithun G. , Amans Matthew , Fargen Kyle Michael , Huisman Thierry A. G. M. , Brinjikji Waleed , Hui Ferdinand , Shingala Aakash , Vosler Peter S. , Pereira Vitor Mendes , Hepworth Ed , Dehdashti Amir R. , Patsalides Athos , Lo Sheng-fu Larry , Spiotta Alejandro M. 
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND:
Several collateral venous pathways exist to assist in cranial venous drainage in addition to the internal jugular veins. The important extrajugular networks (EJN) are often readily identified on diagnostic cerebral angiography. However, the angiographic pattern of venous drainage through collateral EJN has not been previously compared among patients with and without idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).

OBJECTIVE:
To quantify EJN on cerebral angiography among patients both with and without IIH and to determine whether there is a different EJN venous drainage pattern in patients with IIH.

METHODS:
Retrospective imaging review of 100 cerebral angiograms (50 IIH and 50 non-IIH patients) and medical records from a single academic medical center was performed by 2 independent experienced neuroendovascular surgeons. Points were assigned to EJN flow from 0 to 6 using an increasing scale (with each patient's dominant internal jugular vein standardized to 5 points to serve as the internal reference). Angiography of each patient included 11 separately graded extrajugular networks for internal carotid and vertebral artery injections.

RESULTS:
Patients in the IIH group had statistically significant greater flow in several of the extrajugular networks. Therefore, they preferentially drained through EJN compared with the non-IIH group. Right transverse-sigmoid system was most often dominant in both groups, yet there was a significantly greater prevalence of codominant sinus pattern on posterior circulation angiograms.

CONCLUSION:
Patients with IIH have greater utilization of EJN compared with patients without IIH. Whether this is merely an epiphenomenon or possesses actual cause-effect relationships needs to be determined with further studies.
Admp regulates tail bending by controlling ventral epidermal cell polarity via phosphorylated myosin localization in Ciona
Authors: Kogure Yuki S. , Muraoka Hiromochi , Koizumi Wataru C. , Gelin-alessi Raphaël , Godard Benoit , Oka Kotaro , Heisenberg Carl-Philipp , Hotta Kohji 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Ventral tail bending, which is transient but pronounced, is found in many chordate embryos and constitutes an interesting model of how tissue interactions control embryo shape. Here, we identify one key upstream regulator of ventral tail bending in embryos of the ascidian Ciona. We show that during the early tailbud stages, ventral epidermal cells exhibit a boat-shaped morphology (boat cell) with a narrow apical surface where phosphorylated myosin light chain (pMLC) accumulates. We further show that interfering with the function of the BMP ligand Admp led to pMLC localizing to the basal instead of the apical side of ventral epidermal cells and a reduced number of boat cells. Finally, we show that cutting ventral epidermal midline cells at their apex using an ultraviolet laser relaxed ventral tail bending. Based on these results, we propose a previously unreported function for Admp in localizing pMLC to the apical side of ventral epidermal cells, which causes the tail to bend ventrally by resisting antero-posterior notochord extension at the ventral side of the tail.
Internal sensory neurons regulate stage-specific growth in Drosophila
Authors: Ohhara Yuya , Yamanaka Naoki 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Animals control their developmental schedule in accordance with internal states and external environments. In Drosophila larvae, it is well established that nutrient status is sensed by different internal organs, which in turn regulate production of insulin-like peptides and thereby control growth. In contrast, the impact of the chemosensory system on larval development remains largely unclear. Here, we performed a genetic screen to identify gustatory receptor (Gr) neurons regulating growth and development, and found that Gr28a-expressing neurons are required for proper progression of larval growth. Gr28a is expressed in a subset of peripheral internal sensory neurons, which directly extend their axons to insulin-producing cells (IPCs) in the central nervous system. Silencing of Gr28a-expressing neurons blocked insulin-like peptide release from IPCs and suppressed larval growth during the mid-larval period. These results indicate that Gr28a-expressing neurons promote larval development by directly regulating growth-promoting endocrine signaling in a stage-specific manner.
The transcription factors Foxf1 and Foxf2 integrate the SHH, HGF and TGFβ signaling pathways to drive tongue organogenesis
Authors: Xu Jingyue , Liu Han , Lan Yu , Jiang Rulang 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The tongue is a highly specialized muscular organ with diverse cellular origins, which provides an excellent model for understanding mechanisms controlling tissue-tissue interactions during organogenesis. Previous studies showed that SHH signaling is required for tongue morphogenesis and tongue muscle organization, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Here we demonstrate that the Foxf1/Foxf2 transcription factors act in the cranial neural crest cell (CNCC)-derived mandibular mesenchyme to control myoblast migration into the tongue primordium during tongue initiation, and thereafter continue to regulate intrinsic tongue muscle assembly and lingual tendon formation. We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis and identified Hgf, Tgfb2 and Tgfb3 among the target genes of Foxf2 in the embryonic tongue. Through genetic analyses of mice with CNCC-specific inactivation of Smo or both Foxf1 and Foxf2, we show that Foxf1 and Foxf2 mediate hedgehog signaling-mediated regulation of myoblast migration during tongue initiation and intrinsic tongue muscle formation by regulating the activation of the HGF and TGFβ signaling pathways. These data uncover the molecular network integrating the SHH, HGF and TGFβ signaling pathways in regulating tongue organogenesis.
Loss of function of the maternal membrane oestrogen receptor ERα alters expansion of trophoblast cells and impacts mouse fertility
Authors: Rusidzé Mariam , Faure Mélanie C. , Sicard Pierre , Raymond-Letron Isabelle , Giton Frank , Vessieres Emilie , Prevot Vincent , Henrion Daniel , Arnal Jean-François , Cornil Charlotte A. , Lenfant Françoise 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The binding of 17β-oestradiol to oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) plays a crucial role in the control of reproduction, acting through both nuclear and membrane-initiated signalling. To study the physiological role of membrane ERα in the reproductive system, we used the C451A-ERα mouse model with selective loss of function of membrane ERα. Despite C451A-ERα mice being described as sterile, daily weighing and ultrasound imaging revealed that homozygous females do become pregnant, allowing the investigation of the role of ERα during pregnancy for the first time. All neonatal deaths of the mutant offspring mice resulted from delayed parturition associated with failure in pre-term progesterone withdrawal. Moreover, pregnant C451A-ERα females exhibited partial intrauterine embryo arrest at about E9.5. The observed embryonic lethality resulted from altered expansion of Tpbpa-positive spiral artery-associated trophoblast giant cells into the utero-placental unit, which is associated with an imbalance in expression of angiogenic factors. Together, these processes control the trophoblast-mediated spiral arterial remodelling. Hence, loss of membrane ERα within maternal tissues clearly alters the activity of invasive trophoblast cells during placentogenesis. This previously unreported function of membrane ERα could open new avenues towards a better understanding of human pregnancy-associated pathologies.
EGFR signal transduction is downregulated in C. elegans vulval precursor cells during dauer diapause
Authors: O'Keeffe Catherine , Greenwald Iva 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Caenorhabditis elegans larvae display developmental plasticity in response to environmental conditions: in adverse conditions, second-stage larvae enter a reversible, long-lived dauer stage instead of proceeding to reproductive adulthood. Dauer entry interrupts vulval induction and is associated with a reprogramming-like event that preserves the multipotency of vulval precursor cells (VPCs), allowing vulval development to reinitiate if conditions improve. Vulval induction requires the LIN-3/EGF-like signal from the gonad, which activates EGFR-Ras-ERK signal transduction in the nearest VPC, P6.p. Here, using a biosensor and live imaging we show that EGFR-Ras-ERK activity is downregulated in P6.p in dauers. We investigated this process using gene mutations or transgenes to manipulate different steps of the pathway, and by analyzing LET-23/EGFR subcellular localization during dauer life history. We found that the response to EGF is attenuated at or upstream of Ras activation, and discuss potential membrane-associated mechanisms that could achieve this. We also describe other findings pertaining to the maintenance of VPC competence and quiescence in dauer larvae. Our analysis indicates that VPCs have L2-like and unique dauer stage features rather than features of L3 VPCs in continuous development.
Genetic deletion of hspa8 leads to selective tissue malformations in zebrafish embryonic development
Authors: Wang Caixia , Zhang Xin , Wang Xinyu , Zhai Yanpeng , Li Mengjiao , Pan Jun , Bai Yan , Rong Xiaozhi , Zhou Jianfeng 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein HSPA8 (also known as HSC70), a constitutively expressed cognate member of the heat shock protein 70 family, plays an essential role in protein quality control and cell homeostasis maintenance. HSPA8 has been implicated in many diseases, including cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Owing to massive cell death after knockdown of HSPA8 and nonviable Hspa8 knockout mice, the physiological role of HSPA8 in vertebrates and its underlying mechanisms of action have not yet been elucidated. To address this issue, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology and genetically deleted hspa8 in zebrafish embryos. Genetic deletion of hspa8 resulted in malformations of the pharyngeal arches, pectoral fins, head and eyes at the later stages. We next focused on pharyngeal arch deficiency and found that pharyngeal arches in hspa8 mutant embryos exhibited induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of the unfolded protein response via the Perk/p-eIF2α/Atf4 signaling cascade. Inhibition of Perk/p-eIF2α/Atf4 signaling rescued the developmental deficiency of pharyngeal arches caused by depletion of Hspa8. Taken together, our results provide novel insights into the tissue-specific roles of Hspa8 in the regulation of vertebrate embryonic development.
The insect perspective on Z-disc structure and biology
Authors: Schöck Frieder , González-Morales Nicanor 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Myofibrils are the intracellular structures formed by actin and myosin filaments. They are paracrystalline contractile cables with unusually well-defined dimensions. The sliding of actin past myosin filaments powers contractions, and the entire system is held in place by a structure called the Z-disc, which anchors the actin filaments. Myosin filaments, in turn, are anchored to another structure called the M-line. Most of the complex architecture of myofibrils can be reduced to studying the Z-disc, and recently, important advances regarding the arrangement and function of Z-discs in insects have been published. On a very small scale, we have detailed protein structure information. At the medium scale, we have cryo-electron microscopy maps, super-resolution microscopy and protein–protein interaction networks, while at the functional scale, phenotypic data are available from precise genetic manipulations. All these data aim to answer how the Z-disc works and how it is assembled. Here, we summarize recent data from insects and explore how it fits into our view of the Z-disc, myofibrils and, ultimately, muscles.
Chronic Diarrhea: A rare presentation of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Authors: Furqan Saira , Khan Sajjad Ali , Ali Dania , Badini Kaleemullah 
Published: October 2022

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is a cancer affecting the lymphatic system. There are two subtypes of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Nodular lymphocyte predominant (NLPHL) and classical Hodgkin’s Lymphoma which has further four types. It has a bimodal distribution and is more common among males. The most common presentation is painless swelling in the neck, armpit or groin region. Associated Symptoms include night sweats, unintentional weight loss, fever, persistent cough or dyspnea. Involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare occurrence. Diagnosis is based on hematological, radiological and histochemical studies.
Here we report a rare presentation of a 47-year-old male who presented with symptoms of loose stools, weight loss and fever. CT scan and abdominal lymph node biopsy findings were consistent with a lymphoproliferative disorder Patient was being managed in the line of malabsorption syndrome with possible underlying malignancy but his condition deterioted before the histological diagnosis was confirmed. Thus, this report highlights the importance having a consideration for Hodgkin’s lymphoma in the management of chronic diarrhea.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.5452
How to cite this:Furqan S, Khan SA, Ali D, Badini K. Chronic Diarrhea: A rare presentation of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.5452
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Środowisko intelektualne Zakładu Narodowego im. Ossolińskich w dziewiętnastowiecznym Lwowie
Authors: Karolczak Kazimierz 
Published: October 2022

THE INTELLECTUAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE OSSOLIŃSKI NATIONAL INSTITUTE IN THE NINETEENTH-CENTURY LVIV
Nineteenth-century Lviv in the Habsburg monarchy played the role of a provincial capital, and it was the largest city in Galicia, the seat of many administrative, judicial and educational institutions. In 1817, with the initiative of Józef Maksymilian Ossoliński, the Ossoliński National Institute, which in the years 1827-1945 had its seat in Lviv, was established. One of the oldest institutions of Polish culture, it attracted Poles from all the partitions. However, the intellectual environment of the Institute was created by its literary curators and vice-curators, deputies and directors, and a range of employees and associates. They all contributed to the intellectual life of Lviv with their various activities. Outstanding scholars, professors of the University of Lviv, writers, journalists, collectors and many aristocrats who supported the Institute financially were associated with the Ossolineum by donating their book collections. They played a significant role in the intellectual life not only of Lviv but also of Galicia.
Z rektorskiego fotela do poselskich ław
Authors: Szymczak Damian 
Published: October 2022

FROM THE RECTOR’S CHAIR TO DEPUTIES’ BENCHES: THE RECTORS OF THE LVIV UNIVERSITY AS VIRILIST DEPUTIES OF THE NATIONAL GALICIAN PARLIAMENT
In 1861, the National Galician Parliament was established. Among its deputies, there were the representatives of Galician Universities. It was the institution of the so-called ex-officio members of parliament or chancellors virilists. Despite its many shortcomings, the chancellors stayed in the benches of the Galician Parliament until the end of the Habsburg Monarchy. In the years 1861-1914, the University of Lviv sent 50 rectors to the Galician Parliament. They were mostly Poles, and to a lesser extent Germans and Ukrainians. The rectors were rather not involved in political debates. The main area of their interest was the field of education.
Spisy powszechne w Polsce w latach 1921 i 1931 jako źródło do badań liczebności, struktury etniczno-wyznaniowej i zatrudnienia przedsiębiorców przemysłowych we Lwowie w okresie międzywojennym
Authors: Dudiak Ołeh 
Published: October 2022

THE POLISH CENSUSES OF 1921 AND 1931 AS A SOURCE FOR STUDYING THE NUMBER, ETHNO-CONFESSIONAL STRUCTURE, AND EMPLOYMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTREPRENEURS IN INTERWAR LVIV
The author of the article analyses the censuses of 1921 and 1931 as a source for studying the business community of Lviv in the interwar period. He shows that census materials allow to establish the number of industrial entrepreneurs, the structure of their employment and ethno-confessional affiliation. In addition, these materials help to trace the quantitative changes of this social stratum, which occurred during the researched period. More advanced methodological principles of the 1931 census help to shed light on the stratification of Lviv entrepreneurs engaged in industry, depending on the size of the enterprises they owned, and to compare the relationships between different groups of entrepreneurs in the city’s largest ethno-confessional communities.
„Lwów był dla mnie Mekką”. Wspomnienia Ułasa Samczuka
Authors: Baran Zoja 
Published: October 2022

„LVIV WAS A MECCA FOR ME”: MEMORIES OF ULAS SAMCHUK
The article is devoted to the recollections of the Ukrainian writer, public figure Ulas Samchuk (1905-1987) concerning Lviv, reflected in his memoirs (On a White Horse, 1965 and On a Crow’s Horse, 1975), which he wrote in exile. Lviv of the 1920s appears as the centre of Ukrainian social and political life, with the most expedient, according to the writer, means of evolutionary and organic development. Lviv during the Nazi occupation of the 1940s, despite outright repression by the authorities, remained an important literary and publishing centre. Ulas Samchuk considered the imperial-Russian awareness, Stalinist and Nazi totalitarian systems to be the main enemies and threats to Ukraine. It was Lviv that the writer perceived as the centre of formation of a democratic Ukraine according to the Western model, which should be extended to the rest of Ukrainian territory.
Wojenne losy Aleksandra Prusiewicza i jego „Dziennik z wydarzeń II wojny światowej 1939-1941”
Authors: Biedrzycka Agnieszka 
Published: October 2022

THE WARTIME FATE OF ALEKSANDER PRUSIEWICZ AND HIS “DIARY FROM THE EVENTS OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR 1939-1941”
The article presents the last years of the life of Aleksander Prusiewicz (1878-1941), an ethnographer, sightseer, collector, curator of the Volyn Museum in Lutsk, organiser and manager of the Lviv Ethnographic Museum. From 1 September 1939, he kept a diary, describing, among many other things, the siege of Lviv, the first days of Soviet occupation as well as the worsening living conditions in the city. He devoted most of his attention to the arrest of the former Prime Minister of Poland, professor of archeology, Leon Kozłowski, which he provoked on 26 September 1939. In the next months, Prusiewicz limited keeping his diary to laconic notes. In the spring of 1940, he made efforts to obtain PhD at the Ivan Franko State University of Lviv, which ended in failure. He returned to systematic diary-keeping after the outbreak of the German-Soviet war, bringing his notes until 13 August 1941. Three weeks later, on 6 September 1941, he committed suicide. He was buried in the Łyczakowski cemetery.
Cocoa Bean Dryer and Cleaner Devise : A Microcontroller Experiment
Authors: Hersyah Mohammad Hafiz , Yolanda Desta , Fatma Nela 
Published: October 2022

Cleaning and drying cocoa beans are generally done manually by farmers. The manual cleaning process takes a long time, and the pulp reduction is not optimal. In contrast, drying using sunlight takes a long time when it is done in the rainy season. This causes the cocoa beans to be moldy and have low sale value. In the equipment made by the factory, the two machines are made separately and are hardly affordable by the farmers. Based on these problems, a microcontroller-based cocoa bean dryer (de pulper) was designed with a single container so that both processes could be carried out using just one machine. To elaborate this system, cleaning is carried out on fermented cocoa beans that are pulp shed in a rotating cylinder. In comparison, the drying process is carried out by using a heat source, a soil moisture sensor to detect the moisture content of cocoa beans, a DS18B20 sensor to detect temperatures in the drying container, and a cylindrical container is rotated using an A.C. motor. Based on the experiment results, it takes 10 minutes to clean the cocoa beans from the pulp. The drying process takes 5 hours, 10 minutes, and 5 hours and 40 minutes to dry the cocoa beans to a maximum moisture content of 7%. A rotating drying container can speed up the drying process of cocoa beans compared to drying using sunlight in the rainy season. The proposed tool in this study can carry out more efficient capacity better than the conventional tool.