bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An UPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of spiraeoside in mouse blood and its application to a pharmacokinetic and bioavailability study
Authors: Cai Xiaojun , Dai Xiangyi , Li Zhou , Chen Junying , Wang Xianqin , Zhang Meiling 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA simple, rapid, and sensitive method based on UPLC-MS/MS was developed to determine spiraeoside in mouse blood, and was applied to the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of spiraeoside after mice after intravenous (a dose of 5 mg kg−1) and oral (a dose of 20 mg kg−1) administration. On HSS T3 column set at 40 °C, chromatographic separation was obtained with the mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid using the gradient elution. Spiraeoside and internal standard (IS) were quantitatively analyzed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode in electrospray (ESI) positive interface. The MRM mode was monitoring the fragmentation of m/z 465.4→303.1 and m/z 451.3→ 289.2 for spironoside and IS, respectively. The results showed a good linear relationship was in the concentration range of 1–200 ng mL−1 (r > 0.998) and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 1.0 ng mL−1. The intra- and the inter-day precision (RSD%) of the method was within 14.0%, and the accuracy ranged from 90.0% to 115.0%. The extraction recovery of spriaeoside was better than 63.0%, and the matrix effects were in the range of 86%–98%. It also showed the half-life was short, and the absolute bioavailability was 4.0% in mice. Therefore, the established UPLC-MS/MS method was suitable for the pharmacokinetic and bioavailability study of spiraeoside in mice.
Levofloxacin versus ceftriaxone and azithromycin for treating community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized clinical trial study
Authors: Yadegarynia Davood , Tehrani Shabnam , Maghsoudi Nejad Fatemeh , Shojaeian Fatemeh , Keyvanfar Amirreza 
Published: August 2022

Background and Objectives: We compared two common antibiotic regimens for the treatment of mild to moderate CAP: levofloxacin versus β-lactam and macrolide combination; in terms of their efficacy and side effects.
Materials and Methods: Patients with mild to moderate CAP were randomized into two groups. Group I received a combi- nation of 1 gram ceftriaxone daily and 500 mg azithromycin daily for 5-7 days. Group II received levofloxacin 750 mg daily for five days. The signs and symptoms, hospitalization length, and the side effects were investigated.
Results: There were 77 and 74 patients in groups I and II. The vital signs of group II were significantly better on the 3rd day of admission, except for the temperature (P=0.09). The O saturation of group II was markedly improved on the 5th day of admission (P=0.0061). In terms of clinical symptoms and hospitalization length, group II was considerably better. However, the rate of side effects in both groups was similar (P=0.885).
Conclusion: Hospitalized patients with mild to moderate CAP might take more advantage of fluoroquinolone administra- tion. It could improve the patients' signs and symptoms and reduce hospitalization length, compared with the combination of macrolide and cephalosporin, with the same rate of side effects.
Investigation the effects of silver nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles on expression of bap and csu genes in biofilm formation of Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Rezania Niloofar , Rahmati Parisa , Noorbakhsh Fatemeh , Farhadyar Nazanin , Lotfali Ensieh 
Published: August 2022

Background and Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the main pathogens of the hospital and causes various in- fections. csu A/BABCDE involved in the initial surface attachment during biofilm formation and bap gene produces specific proteins at the cell surface that play a direct role in formation of biofilm and the infectivity of this bacterium. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles on the expression of bap and csu genes in the Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm formation.
Materials and Methods: The susceptibility test was performed to determine the MIC of silver nanoparticles, gold nanoparti- cles and gold- vancomycin nanoparticles performed by broth dilution method on A. baumannii strains. The ability of biofilms formation in strains treated by MIC of silver nanoparticles and gold- vancomycin nanoparticles were evaluated by microtiter plate method and A. baumannii ATCC19606 used as control. Expression of the csu and bap genes were determinded by measuring the cognate mRNA level by real-time PCR.
Results: In present study, gold nanoparticles could not prevent the growth and biofilm formation of A. baumannii strains. The MIC concentration of silver nanoparticles and vancomycin- gold nanoparticles were 6.25 μg/ml and 0.625 μg/ml re- spectively and MBC concenteration of nanoparticles for 70% of strain was 12.5 μg/ml and 1.25 μg/ml respectively. Real-time PCR and data analysis, determined that the expression of bap, csuC and csuE genes in A. baumannii strains treated with MIC concentration (6.25 μg/ml) of silver nanoparticles decreased compared to control groups. Also, the expression of csuC and csuE genes in strains treated with MIC concentration (0.625 μg/ml) of vancomycin -gold nanoparticles increased, however the expression of bap was decreased compared to the control groups.
Conclusion: Due to the inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles and gold- vancomycin nanoparticles against A. baumannii biofilm formation and genes expression, they can probably be used for prevent of biofilm formation in medical instrument or can be use for treatment of infections with or without antibiotic.
The Anticoccidial Effects of the Poultry Bile against Eimeria papillata Oocysts of Mice: In vitro Study
Authors: Murshed M. , Al-Quraishy S. , Qasem M.A. 
Published: August 2022

Background: Coccidiosis is a costly and wide-spread infectious disease in mammals that causes huge losses in the poultry industry worldwide. The present study was conducted to evaluate the potency of intact poultry gallbladder on the sporulation of Eimeria papillata oocysts of mice and to determine the best concentration for the activity of poultry bile on the inhibition of sporulation in oocysts. Methods: In this test, we used potassium dichromate solution (2.5%) as control group. Unpopulated oocysts were exposed (1 x 103/3 ml) to four concentrations of poultry bile (w/v; 10%, 25%, 50%, and 100%). It was incubated in petri dishes for 48, 72 and 96 hours at 25-29°C, with 60-80% humidity. The sporulation was examined under an inverted microscope at 40 x to confirm oocyst sporulation. Result: Showed through infrared spectroscopy of poultry bile that there are many expected active classes of chemical compounds. At a 100% concentration of poultry bile, it was able to inhibit the Eimeria papillata oocysts by about 98% in potassium dichromate solution. Also, it observed its ability to inhibit sporulation of oocysts in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of 50%, 25%, and 10% of bile, the rate of inhibition was (71.7%, 33.11% and 19.88%), respectively. We found a direct relationship between inhibition and sporulation related to the increasing time period.
Preparation and properties of phosphinic acid functionalized polyacrylonitrile hollow fiber membrane for heavy metal adsorption
Authors: Cheng Zuxin , Zhang Yuhan , Chen Kai , Xiao Kaijun , Yin Yurong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, phosphorylated polyacrylonitrile hollow fiber membrane was synthesized by reacting aminated polyacrylonitrile hollow fiber membrane with phosphinic acid in a Mannich reaction. The batch single factor measurements revealed that the PPAN membrane had an outstanding ability for Hg2+ adsorption. Thermodynamic investigations indicated that the adsorption process was homogenous, and the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity predicted by the Langmuir model was 371.75 mg·g− 1. The PPAN membrane was able to successfully chelate Hg2+ ions and attain saturation in 4 hours, demonstrating that the reaction was chemically controlled by the adsorption kinetics. Based on the FT-IR and XPS spectral characterization data, successful phosphinic acid group grafting was proven, and a plausible mechanism for Hg2+ adsorption by PPAN membranes was presented. Furthermore, the five adsorption-desorption cycle experiments revealed that PPAN hollow fiber membranes had outstanding reusability, indicating a possible use for removing heavy metal ions from wastewater.
Bio-Inspired Graphene Oxide membranes for Efficient Separation of Heavy Metal Ions and Desalination of Water
Authors: Janwery Dahar , Memon Fida Hussain , Rehman Faisal , Memon Ayaz Ali , Thebo Khalid Hussain , Choi Kyung Hyun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Sufficient efforts have been carried out to fabricate highly efficient graphene oxide (GO) lamellar membranes for heavy metal ion separation and desalination of water. However, selectivity for small ions remains a major problem. Herein, GO-based bio-inspired membranes are fabricated by green method and used for selective separation of heavy metal ions and water desalination. The GO is modified with Onion extractive (OE) and fabricated into GO/OE composite membranes. The GO/OE composite membrane (350 nm) shows an excellent rejection efficiency for several heavy metal ions such as Cr6+ (~ 87.5%), As3+ (~ 89.5%), Cd2+ (~ 93.0%), Pb2+ (~ 99.5%), and good water permeance ∼460 ± 20 Lm− 2h− 1bar− 1. In addition, GO/Quercetin (GO/Q) membrane is also fabricated from quercetin for comparative studies. Quercetin is active ingredient of onion extractives. The GO/Q composite membranes show good rejection up to ~ 78.0%, ~ 80.5%, ~ 88.0% and 95.2% for Cr6+, As3+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ respectively with DI water permeance ∼150 ± 10 Lm− 2h− 1bar− 1. Further, both membranes are used for water desalination by measuring rejection of small ions such as NaCl, Na2SO2, MgCl2, and MgSO4. The resulting membranes show ˃70% rejection for small ions. In addition, both membranes use for filtration of Indus River water and GO/Q membrane shows remarkable high separation efficiency and making river water suitable for drinking purpose. Furthermore, the GO/QE composite membrane is highly stable up to ~ 25 days under acidic, basic and neutral environments as compared to GO/Q composite and pristine GO-based membranes.
Three-level hierarchical micro/nanostructures on biopolymers by injection moulding using low cost polymeric inlays
Authors: Sáez-Comet Carlos , Muntada Olga , Lozano Nekane , Fontdecaba Enric , Sousa Patricia C. , Llobet Jordi , Perez-Murano Francesc , Puiggali Jordi , Valle Luis Javier del 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The industrial interest in the patterning of surfaces at the micro/nanoscale to include functionalities to a variety of objects and parts has considerably increased across a large range of application sectors during the last years. Hierarchical organization of micro/nanometric surface textures makes it possible to mimic biological solutions to provide enhanced functional properties, as for example, hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity, optical or chromatic effects, to cite some. Multiple and high accuracy methods for patterning surfaces at the nanoscale have been developed, and some of them have been applied for high volume manufacturing of such hierarchically patterned surfaces with relative success. However, many of those methodologies rely on the use of expensive machinery and moulds, or on complicated and expensive inserts. Therefore, a method using low cost recyclable tooling and process conditions applicable to high volume manufacturing is currently missing. In this work, we present a scalable, low cost method to replicate hierarchical micro/nanostructured surfaces on plastic films, which can be latter used as inlays for injection moulded parts with standard processing conditions. We use this method to demonstrate the feasibility of replicating three level hierarchical micro/nano textured surfaces using recyclable bio-based polymers (of high relevancy in the current plastic pollution context), and we compare the replication results with those obtained in polypropylene. Finally, we characterize various mechanical and wetting properties of the replicated parts to highlight the validity of the replicated micro/nano textured surfaces, regardless of the biopolymers special crystallization characteristics.
Comparative study of biochar properties and energy consumption derived from cow manure by a pilot-scale dual-function microwave and electric pyrolysis reactor
Authors: Guo Jiali , Zheng Lei , Li Zifu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study developed a pilot-scale dual-function pyrolysis equipment that can realize microwave pyrolysis (MP) and electric pyrolysis (EP) simultaneously from a new perspective to evaluate the effects of the two pyrolysis methods on biochar properties and its energy analysis at 300-700℃ while minimizing the interference of other factors. Results showed that the different pyrolysis methods had a greater impact on biochar properties between 300 and 500℃. Under the same pyrolysis conditions, microwave pyrolysis biocharr(MPB) had higher pH, porosity, aromaticity, fuel properties, and energy density than electric pyrolysis biocharr(EPB). MPB could be produced at a temperature 100℃ lower than EPB with similar biochar characteristics (stability and energy density). The energy yields of cow manure biochar were all above 57%, indicating that pyrolysis can greatly retain the biomass energy in biochar. The results in this study can provide guidance for the future expansion of large-scale pyrolysis to produce biochar products.
Activation of renal dopaminergic system in early diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Horita Shoichiro , Watanabe Guy , Misaka Shingen , Taira Shu , Satoh Mamoru , Maejima Yuko , Shimomura Kenju , Kazama Junichiro James , Shigetomi Shuichi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Early diabetic nephropathy is typically diagnosed using the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio or creatinine clearance to detect renal function decline in diabetic patients. However, it is not yet fully understood how the alteration of the renal dopaminergic system occurs during early diabetic nephropathy progression, or whether the system is a predictor of renal function associated with diabetic nephropathy. Mass spectroscopy imaging of the kidneys of spontaneously diabetic torii rats, an animal model of diabetes with diabetic nephropathy, revealed clearly differing a dopamine precursor L-dihydroxyphenylalanine distributions. Furthermore, the significantly increased excretion of urinary L-dihydroxyphenylalanine-to-creatinine or urinary dopamine-to-creatinine ratios are observed before the development of microalbuminuria. The present study represents the renal dopaminergic system responses along the progression of diabetic nephropathy, and our results will facilitate understanding of the association between early diabetic nephropathy pathogenesis and the renal dopaminergic system.
Modeling and multi-objective optimization of a combined cooling, fresh water and power system for gas turbine waste heat recovery
Authors: Norani Marziye , Deymi-Dashtebayaz Mahdi , Gholizadeh Mohammad , Dadpour Daryoush 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Increasing the efficiency of gas turbine cycle (GTC)-based energy systems and reducing the irreversibility of its processes is one of the challenges that researchers are considering today. The use of waste energy of GTC and inlet air cooling to it are two techniques that help to increase the efficiency of energy production of these systems while the simultaneous it use has been less considered in multiple-generation systems. In this study, a new GTC-based tri-generation system consisting of organic rankine cycle (ORC), thermoelectric generator (TEG), reverse osmosis (RO), and absorption refrigeration cycle (ARC) subsystems is presented. This system simultaneously generates electricity, freshwater, and cooling. The total cooling capacity is used in two parts: user demand and inlet air cooling to the GTC compressor. Tri-generation system was examined from three views energy, exergy and exergoeconomic. The results of the thermodynamic analysis showed that the simultaneous use of two waste heat recovery and inlet air cooling of GTC techniques in the tri-generation system reduces the exergy destruction cost rate of the system while increasing the total energy and exergy efficiencies. To improve system performance after a parametric study, a three-objective optimization was performed using the TOPSIS method. The comparison of the results of optimal and design conditions showed that the exergy destruction rate of the system has decreased in optimal conditions and the highest rate of exergy destruction, which is related to the GTC combustion chamber component, has decreased by 66.8 kW. In addition, the total capital cost rate of the system in optimal conditions was reduced by 0.33 kW compared to the design conditions. According to the optimal results, the best performance of the system is in the conditions of the compressor pressure ratio of GTC 8.795 and the turbine inlet temperature of GTC 1505 K that the system has COP 0.74, total exergy efficiency 55.51%, and total product cost rate 32.28 $/h.
The Triage Capability of Laypersons: Retrospective Exploratory Analysis
Authors: Kopka Marvin , Feufel Markus A , Balzer Felix , Schmieding Malte L 
Published: August 2022

Background
Although medical decision-making may be thought of as a task involving health professionals, many decisions, including critical health–related decisions are made by laypersons alone. Specifically, as the first step to most care episodes, it is the patient who determines whether and where to seek health care (triage). Overcautious self-assessments (ie, overtriaging) may lead to overutilization of health care facilities and overcrowded emergency departments, whereas imprudent decisions (ie, undertriaging) constitute a risk to the patient’s health. Recently, patient-facing decision support systems, commonly known as symptom checkers, have been developed to assist laypersons in these decisions.

Objective
The purpose of this study is to identify factors influencing laypersons’ ability to self-triage and their risk averseness in self-triage decisions.

Methods
We analyzed publicly available data on 91 laypersons appraising 45 short fictitious patient descriptions (case vignettes; N=4095 appraisals). Using signal detection theory and descriptive and inferential statistics, we explored whether the type of medical decision laypersons face, their confidence in their decision, and sociodemographic factors influence their triage accuracy and the type of errors they make. We distinguished between 2 decisions: whether emergency care was required (decision 1) and whether self-care was sufficient (decision 2).

Results
The accuracy of detecting emergencies (decision 1) was higher (mean 82.2%, SD 5.9%) than that of deciding whether any type of medical care is required (decision 2, mean 75.9%, SD 5.25%; t>90=8.4; P<.001; Cohen d=0.9). Sensitivity for decision 1 was lower (mean 67.5%, SD 16.4%) than its specificity (mean 89.6%, SD 8.6%) whereas sensitivity for decision 2 was higher (mean 90.5%, SD 8.3%) than its specificity (mean 46.7%, SD 15.95%). Female participants were more risk averse and overtriaged more often than male participants, but age and level of education showed no association with participants’ risk averseness. Participants’ triage accuracy was higher when they were certain about their appraisal (2114/3381, 62.5%) than when being uncertain (378/714, 52.9%). However, most errors occurred when participants were certain of their decision (1267/1603, 79%). Participants were more commonly certain of their overtriage errors (mean 80.9%, SD 23.8%) than their undertriage errors (mean 72.5%, SD 30.9%; t>89=3.7; P<.001; d=0.39).

Conclusions
Our study suggests that laypersons are overcautious in deciding whether they require medical care at all, but they miss identifying a considerable portion of emergencies. Our results further indicate that women are more risk averse than men in both types of decisions. Layperson participants made most triage errors when they were certain of their own appraisal. Thus, they might not follow or even seek advice (eg, from symptom checkers) in most instances where advice would be useful.
HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VD MDI MUHAMMADIYAH 2 SEI KINDAUNG DENGANMENGGUNAKAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN PETA KONSEP
Authors: Yulianti Wiwi , Ramdiah Siti , Lagiono Lagiono 
Published: August 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu (1) Meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas VD MDI Muhammadiyah 2 Sei Kindaung pada Konsep Daur Air dengan menggunakan strategi pembelajaran peta konsep. (2) Meningkatkan aktivitas siswa pada ranah psikomotor dalam pembelajaran menggunakan strategi pembelajaran peta konsep. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini dilaksanakan pada semester genap Tahun pelajaran 2014/ 2015, yang dilaksanakan di kelas VD MDIM 2 di Banjarmasin pada materi daur air. Penelitian dilakukan dalam 2 siklus. Pengumpulan data hasil belajar melalui pretest dan postest, sedangkan untuk data aktivitas siswa ranah psikomotor melalui lembar observasi selama proses pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Hasil belajar siswa kelas V MDI Muhammadiyah 2 Sei Kindaung pada Konsep Daur Air dengan menggunakan strategi pembelajaran peta konsep mengalami peningkatan dan tuntas secara klasikal. Pada hasil tes siklus I ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 71,43% meningkat menjadi 88,57% pada siklus II. Aktivitas siswa pada ranah psikomotor dalam pembelajaran menggunakan strategi pembelajaran peta konsep pada masing-masing aspek mengalami peningkatan yaitu pada siklus I aspek kerjasama sebesar 3,58, bertanggung jawab sebesar 3,42, dan aspek ketelitian sebesar 2,75. Pada siklus II menjadi sebesar 4,00 pada aspek kerjasama, 3,92 pada aspek bertanggungjawab dan sebesar 3,67 pada aspek ketelitian.
Quality Of Service pada Jaringan Multi Protocol Label Switching
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Syafa'ah Lailis 
Published: August 2022

MPLS is a work plan that was given by IETF to repair work performance of IP network. Label switching label using forwarding mechanism which has connection oriented characteristic make this technology become routing technology for future guarantec QoS with better service level. This is supporting using a protocol signals for TE-MPLS to maximize network performance balancing the network stressing with distribution that fixed on classes, queuing, and traffic schedule. This research is an analysis of TE-MPLS mechanism to design MPLS network with RSVP-TE daemon that is called emulator MPLS. This analysis used generating 2 different kinds of protocol traffic, UDP, and TCP. The measurement could be concluded that there was an efficience of MPLS network in group joint of protocol UDP network about 18,6 % for channel that is similar with traffic 2 KBRS, 3,4 %, 1,5 %, and 5,6 % for channel similar with traffic 4,8 and 16 KBRS for flow variation of MPLS network data increase 464,2 %, 479,5 %, 518 %, and 2638,5 % for each channel. The time that was needed for TCP protocol transmition of MPLS network showed efficiency 2,9 % and bit rate of MPLS increase about 0,66 %.