bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre-exposure prophylaxis and bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among gay and bisexual men
Authors: Hart Trevor A , Noor Syed W , Berlin Graham W , Skakoon-Sparling Shayna , Tavangar Farideh , Tan Darrell , Lambert Gilles , Grace Daniel , Lachowsky Nathan John , Jollimore Jody , Sang Jordan , Parlette Abbie , Lal Allan , Apelian Herak , Moore David , Cox Joseph 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesWhile pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prevents HIV acquisition among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBM), PrEP-using GBM may be more likely to engage in sexual behaviours associated with bacterial STIs. We examined associations between PrEP use, condomless anal sex (CAS), number of anal sex partners, oral sex and bacterial STI diagnoses among GBM living in Canada’s three largest cities.MethodsAmong HIV-negative/unknown-status GBM in the baseline of the Engage cohort study, we fit a structural equation model of the associations between any PrEP use, sexual behaviours and bacterial STI diagnosis. We estimated direct and indirect paths between PrEP use and STI via CAS, number of anal sex partners and oral sex.ResultsThe sample included 2007 HIV-negative/unknown status GBM in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver. There was a significant direct association between PrEP use and current STI diagnosis (β=0.181; 95% CI: 0.112 to 0.247; p<0.001), CAS (β=0.275; 95% CI: 0.189 to 0.361; p<0.001) and number of anal sex partners (β=0.193; 95% CI: 0.161 to 0.225; p<0.001). In the mediated model, the direct association between PrEP use and STIs was non-significant. However, the indirect paths from PrEP to CAS to STIs (β=0.064; 95% CI: 0.025 to 0.120; p=0.008), and from PrEP to greater number of anal sex partners to CAS to STIs were significant (β=0.059; 95% CI: 0.024 to 0.108; p=0.007).ConclusionsOur study adds to the growing awareness that PrEP use among GBM may be associated with bacterial STIs because PrEP users have more anal sex partners and are more likely to engage in CAS. The results underscore the importance of providing effective STI counselling and regular testing to PrEP users, adapting PrEP care and related STI testing to individual needs, and the need for effective prevention strategies for bacterial STIs.
PGC-1α overexpression is not sufficient to mitigate cancer cachexia in either male or female mice
Authors: Morena da Silva Francielly , Rosa-Caldwell Megan E. , Schrems Eleanor R. , Martinez Lauren , Amos Madeline G. , Lim Seongkyun , Cabrera Ana Regina , Brown Jacob L. , Washington Tyrone A. , Greene Nicholas P. 
Published: June 2022

Cancer cachexia (CC) accounts for 20%–40% of cancer-related deaths. Mitochondrial aberrations have been shown to precede muscle atrophy in different atrophy models, including cancer. Therefore, this study investigated potential protection from the cachectic phenotype through overexpression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 α (PGC-1α). First, to establish potential of mitochondria-based approaches we showed that the mitochondrial antioxidant MitoTEMPO (MitoT) attenuates myotube atrophy induced by Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cell conditioned media. Next, cachexia was induced in muscle-specific PGC-1α overexpressing (MCK-PCG1α) or wildtype (WT) littermate mice by LLC implantation. MCK-PCG1α did not protect LLC-induced muscle mass loss. In plantaris, Atrogin mRNA content was 6.2-fold and ∼11-fold greater in WT-LLC vs WT-phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for males and females, respectively ( p < 0.05). MitoTimer red:green ratio for male PGC was ∼65% higher than WT groups ( p < 0.05), with ∼3-fold more red puncta in LLC than PBS ( p < 0.05). Red:green ratio was ∼56% lower in females WT-LLC vs PGC-LLC ( p < 0.05). In females, no change in red puncta was noted across conditions. Lc3 mRNA content was ∼73% and 2-fold higher in male and female LLC mice, respectively, vs PBS ( p < 0.05). While MitoT could mitigate cancer-induced atrophy in vitro, PGC-1α overexpression was insufficient to protect muscle mass and mitochondrial health in vivo despite mitigation of cachexia-associated signaling pathways.
Ellis drainhole solution in Einstein-Æther gravity and the axial gravitational quasinormal modes
Authors: Lin Kai , Qian Wei-Liang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this work, the Ellis drainhole solution is derived in Einstein-Æther gravity, and subsequently, the axial quasinormal modes of the resulting drainhole are investigated. Owing to the presence of a minimally coupled scalar field with antiorthodox coupling polarity, the resultant metric solution is featured by a throat instead of a horizon, for which static æther solution becomes feasible. Moreover, the derived master equations for the axial gravitational perturbations consist of two coupled vector degrees of freedom. By utilizing the finite difference method, the temporal profiles of the quasinormal oscillations are evaluated, and, subsequently, the complex frequencies are extracted and compared against the specific values obtained by the WKB method when the coupling is turned off. Besides, the effect of the coupling on the low-lying quasinormal spectrum is explored, and its possible physical relevance is discussed.
Constant Gaussian curvature, FLRW conditions and a universe without matter
Authors: Boskoff Wladimir-Georges 
Published: June 2022

The problem of FLRW universes can be seen in the excellent works of A. Friedmann, G. Lemaître, H. P. Robertson, A. G. Walker. The key of obtaining FLRW universes with or without cosmological constant is related to the special form of the contravariant energy–momentum tensor which describes a perfect fluid with components [Formula: see text] because such a “matter” leads to FLRW conditions [Formula: see text] which allow to obtain a texture compatible with Hubble law. The results obtained in the works presented as references show very complete analysis about how the constant curvature 2D metric [Formula: see text] can create possible universes and their evolution. Can we expect to have some other FLRW universes if we use a 2D spatial part as [Formula: see text]? The answer is yes and we prove the special role of the constant ratio [Formula: see text] in the creation of FLRW universes. The solutions obtained lead to FLRW universes which come from surfaces having constant Gaussian curvature related by the previous [Formula: see text] from the rule [Formula: see text]. Therefore, in the case of the 2D metrics [Formula: see text], only the ones having constant Gaussian curvature create FLRW universes. In fact, we find all possible FLWR-type solutions of Einstein field equations coming from constant Gaussian curvature geometries. We complete our study about possible FLRW universes with an example of a spacetime that cannot be “filled” with matter using the above FLRW conditions. This becomes a new example of universe without matter satisfying the Einstein’s field equation with cosmological constant.
Unblinded and Blinded N-of-1 Trials Versus Usual Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Increase Statin Uptake in Primary Care
Authors: Tudor Kate , Brooks Jenny , Howick Jeremy , Fox Robin , Aveyard Paul 
Published: June 2022

Background:
The aim was to assess whether an intervention incorporating a practicable open-label n-of-1 trial would lead to greater uptake of statin than usual care and comparable uptake to a closed-label gold-standard n-of-1 trial.

Methods:
We enrolled patients who had stopped or declined statins into a 3-arm trial (usual care, unblinded, and blinded n-of-1 intervention arms). Physicians advised participants randomized to usual care to take statin therapy to prevent cardiovascular disease. In both intervention arms, physicians delivered a theoretically informed informed intervention endorsing the value of experimenting with medication in n-of-1 trials to assess whether it caused side-effects. In these trials, participants alternated between 4 weeks of medication and no medication (unblinded arm) or randomly sorted active and placebo (blinded arm) and recorded symptoms and symptom attributions for 6 months. Thereafter, physicians discussed participants’ symptom reports during active/inactive treatment periods and asked participants to resume statins if appropriate.

Results:

Seventy-three were randomized to the intervention arms and 20 to the control group. Fifty-six of 73 (77%) attempted the n-of-1 experiment; 28/36 (78%) in the unblinded arm; and 28/37 (76%) in the blinded arm. Forty-three of 56 (77%) completed the 6-month experiment and received feedback from the physician; 20/28 (71%) in the unblinded arm and 23/28 (82%) in the blinded arm. Thirty-three of 76 (45%) people restarted statins in the n-of-1 arms compared with 4/20 (20%) in the control arm, difference 24% (95% CI, 5%–43%;
P
=0.041). There was no evidence this differed between blinded and unblinded arms, difference 2% (95% CI, −20% to 24%;
P
=0.86). Adverse events occurred at a similar rate on and off statin.

Conclusions:
In patients refusing or intolerant of statin, supporting experimentation with n-of-1 trials increases medication uptake compared with usual care. Alternating on-off medication in unblinded n-of-1 experiments appears as effective as a blinded experiment.

Registration:

URL:
https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN11142694
; Unique identifier: ISRCTN11142694.
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Pediatric Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia: Impact of Age on Procedural Methods and Durable Success
Authors: O’Leary Edward T. , Harris Jamie , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Gentry Courtney , Dionne Audrey , Abrams Dominic J. , Alexander Mark E. , Bezzerides Vassilios J. , DeWitt Elizabeth S. , Triedman John K. , Walsh Edward P. , Mah Douglas Y. 
Published: June 2022

Background
Catheter‐based slow‐pathway modification (SPM) is the treatment of choice for symptomatic atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). We sought to investigate the interactions between patient age and procedural outcomes in pediatric patients undergoing catheter‐based SPM for AVNRT.

Methods and Results

A retrospective cohort study was performed, including consecutive patients undergoing acutely successful SPM for AVNRT from 2008 to 2017. Those with congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathy, and accessory pathways were excluded. Patients were stratified by age quartile at time of SPM. The primary outcome was AVNRT recurrence. A total of 512 patients underwent successful SPM for AVNRT. Age quartile 1 had 129 patients with a median age and weight of 8.9 years and 30.6 kg, respectively. Radiofrequency energy was used in 98% of cases. Follow‐up was available in 447 (87%) patients with a median duration of 0.8 years (interquartile range, 0.2–2.5 years). AVNRT recurred in 22 patients. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard modeling identified atypical AVNRT (hazard ratio [HR], 5.83; 95% CI, 2.01–16.96;
P
=0.001), dual atrioventricular nodal only (HR, 4.09; 95% CI, 1.39–12.02;
P
=0.011), total radiofrequency lesions (HR, 1.06 per lesion; 95% CI, 1.01–1.12;
P
=0.032), and the use of a long sheath (HR, 3.52; 95% CI, 1.23–10.03;
P
=0.010) as predictors of AVNRT recurrence; quartile 1 patients were not at higher risk of recurrence (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.10–1.97;
P
=0.29). Complete heart block requiring permanent pacing occurred in one quartile 2 patient at 14.9 years of age.

Conclusions
Pediatric AVNRT can be treated with radiofrequency‐SPM with high procedural efficacy and minimal risk of complications, including heart block. Atypical AVNRT and dual atrioventricular nodal physiology without inducible tachycardia remain challenging substrates.
Association of Familial History of Diabetes, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, Stroke, or Myocardial Infarction With Risk of Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Kwak Ji Hee , Ha Eun Kyo , Kim Ju Hee , Cha Hye Ryung , Lee Seung Won , Han Man Yong 
Published: June 2022

Background
There are few studies on the association with Kawasaki disease in children and the family’s history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to identify the association of increased risks for Kawasaki disease in children with a family history of CVD.

Methods and Results
Clinical data of children born in 2008 and 2009 (n=917 707) were obtained from the National Health Insurance Service and the National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children for this study. The cohort consisted of 495 215 participants (53.8%) who completed the family history questionnaire for children 54 to 60 months old. Family history of CVD included 5 medical conditions: hypertension, dyslipidemia, myocardial infarction, stroke, and diabetes. Kawasaki disease was defined using the disease code, intravenous immunoglobulin prescription, and use of antipyretics for more than 25 days. Severe Kawasaki disease was defined as diagnosis of accompanied cardiac/coronary artery complications or intravenous immunoglobulin use ≥2 times. The incidence rate of Kawasaki disease was 124/100 000 person‐years (95% CI, 117.5–131.5) for children <2 years old, 95/100 000 person‐years (95% CI, 90.5–100.4) in children 2 to 5 years old, and 14/100 000 person‐years (95% CI, 12.6–15.6) in children >5 years old. After propensity‐score matching, 829 participants with a family history of CVD were diagnosed as having Kawasaki disease (0.68% [95% CI, 0.63–0.72]), and 690 patients with Kawasaki disease (0.56% [95% CI, 0.52–0.61]) had no family history of CVD. The family history of CVD was associated with increased risk for Kawasaki disease (risk ratio, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.08–1.32]) but not for severe Kawasaki disease (risk ratio, 1.23 [95% CI, 0.92–1.65]).

Conclusions
In this nationwide propensity‐score matched study, those with a family history of CVD had a significantly greater risk of Kawasaki disease compared with those who had no family history of CVD.
Sex‐Specific Differences in Clinical Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights from the TAILOR‐PCI Trial
Authors: Madan Mina , Abbott J. Dawn , Lennon Ryan , So Derek Y. F. , MacDougall Andrea M. , McLaughlin Mary Ann , Murthy Vishakantha , Saw Jacqueline , Rihal Charanjit , Farkouh Michael E. , Pereira Naveen L. , Goodman Shaun G. , Abdul‐Nour Khaled , Darki Amir , Dehghani Payam , Doll Josh , El‐Hajjar Mohammed , Escobedo Jorge , Frank Adam , Ginete Wilson , Bachuwar Alok , Goldberg Ronald , Graham John , Guild Cameron , Campbell William , Kim Sang Wook , Kostopoulis Louie , Lane Gary , Lim Hong‐seok , MacDougall Andrea , Madan Mina , Marzo Kevin , Nazif Tamim , O’Cochlain Fearghas , Overgaard Christopher , Dzavik Vlad , Raveendran Ganesh , Razzouk Louai , Reimers Carl , Garratt Kirk , Saucedo Jorge , Levisay Justin , Saw Jacqueline , Suresh D. P. , Sweeney John , Tiong Irving , Weitz Steven , Wu Alan 
Published: June 2022

Background

TAILOR‐PCI (Tailored Antiplatelet Initiation to Lessen Outcomes due to decreased Clopidogrel Response After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) studied genotype‐guided selection of antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention versus conventional therapy with clopidogrel. The presence of
CYP2C19
loss‐of‐function alleles in patients treated with clopidogrel may be associated with increased risk for ischemic events. We report a prespecified sex‐specific analysis of genotyping and associated cardiovascular outcomes from this study.

Methods and Results

Associations between sex and major adverse cardiac events (MACE: cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, stent thrombosis, and severe recurrent ischemia) and Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) bleeding at 12 months were analyzed using Cox proportional‐hazards models. Among 5276 randomized patients, loss‐of‐function carriers were observed in ≈36% of both sexes, and >80% of carriers were heterozygotes. At 12 months, after adjustment for baseline differences, risks of MACE (HR , 1.28 [0.97 to 1.68];
P
=0.088) and BARC bleeding (hazard ratio [HR], 1.36 [0.91 to 2.05];
P
=0.14) were comparable among women and men. There were no significant interactions between sex and treatment strategy for MACE interaction
P
value (

P
int

=0.59) or BARC bleeding (
P
int
=0.47) nor for sex and genotype (MACE
P
int
=0.15, and BARC bleeding
P
int
=0.60).

Conclusions

CYP2C19
loss‐of‐function alleles were present in ≈1 in 3 women and men. Women had similar adjusted risks of MACE and bleeding as men following percutaneous coronary intervention. Genotype‐guided therapy did not significantly reduce the risk of MACE or bleeding relative to conventional therapy for both sexes.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01742117.
Sacred Poetry, Eternal Felicity, and the Redemption of Israel: Obadiah Sforno’s Commentary on Psalms in the Berlin Haskalah
Authors: Sela Yael 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The article explores the philosophical exegesis in Obadiah Sforno’s sixteenth-century Psalms commentary and its reception in Berlin of the late eighteenth century, where it was reprinted in the Haskalah’s biggest bestseller—an edition of Moses Mendelssohn’s Psalms translation with Hebrew commentary. While the inclusion of entire commentaries by earlier exegetes was unique among all Haskalah Bible editions, I argue that the choice to include Sforno’s commentary alongside Mendelssohn’s translation of Psalms, itself an expression of Mendelssohn’s political-theological defense of Judaism, was intended to buttress shared philosophical doctrines and concepts located by the two scholars in Psalms, notwithstanding temporal and cultural divergences: imitatio Dei, the salvation of the individual soul, and Israel’s eternity.
The Double-Edged Sword of Mandarin: Language Shift and Cultural Maintenance among Middle-Aged Chinese-Malaysians
Authors: Ong Teresa Wai See , Troyer Robert A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that the increasing importance of Mandarin in education and public life has led many younger Chinese-Malaysians to regard Mandarin as their mother tongue and part of their cultural identity rather than a heritage language. Fewer studies have documented the language repertoires of middle-aged and older Chinese-Malaysians. This paper presents a qualitative study of Mandarin use conducted with six Chinese-Malaysians aged 40 and older. The participants reported extensive use of Mandarin in the domains of home, work, religion, and cultural maintenance, which were served by a heritage language in the past. This indicates that the use of Mandarin by the older generation Chinese-Malaysians to engage with the contemporary linguistic world is influenced by hegemonic local and global factors. This study therefore highlights the significance of Mandarin as both an element of cultural identity and an instrument of heritage language loss.
The Effect on the Care Behaviors of Nurses Working in Intensive Care Clinics of Moral Distress Experienced During End of Life Patient Care
Authors: Elcelik Ufuk Ercan , Ozcelik Hanife , Muz Gamze 
Published: June 2022

This research was conducted as a descriptive study in order to examine the effects of the moral problems experienced by nurses working in intensive care clinics on their end of life care behaviors. The data were collected using the Moral Distress Scale and Caring Behaviors Inventory. It was found that 74.5% of the nurses were women and their mean age was 32.60 ± 6.6 years. The frequency of moral distress in the nurses was 44.27 ± 16.25 and total score was 111.02 ± 63.85. There were significant differences in the scores of the concept the use of futile treatment by nurses, the decision not to begin life-support treatment being made only by physicians, and moral distress and discomfort felt by pediatric intensive care nurses ( p < .05). A statistically significant relationship was found between total scores of discomfort on moral distress and assurance, knowledge and skills, connectedness, and being respectful on the end of life care behaviors ( p < .05).
Multi-response optimization of tensile and fracture properties of polypropylene/ethylene-vinyl acetate/exfoliated graphite by the design of experiment
Authors: Rajaee Pouya , Ashenai Ghasemi Faramarz , Fasihi Mohammad , Fotoohi Abuzar , Sajjadi Seyyed Ali 
Published: June 2022

Thermoplastic elastomeric nanocomposites have a wide range of applications in the automotive, medical, electronics, and energy sectors. Good mechanical and fracture performances are typically needed to reach the desired properties for the applications. In this study, tensile and fracture properties of exfoliated graphite (EG) filled PP toughened with ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) are examined. Accordingly, four levels of EVA (0, 10, 20, and 30 wt.%) and EG (0, 1, 3, and 5 wt.%) are utilized. The full factorial design is employed to explain the effect of independent parameters and their interaction on responses. The essential work of fracture (EWF) methodology is also employed to investigate the fracture behavior of the blend nanocomposites. By increasing EVA, the elongation at break and non-EWF are increased by 188% and 75%, in succession. Moreover, the tensile modulus is improved up to 11% by increasing EG. The compound with 10 wt.% EVA and 1 wt.% EG has the best toughness-strength-stiffness balance based on the optimization results.
Preoperative perforator mapping of anterolateral thigh flaps using computed tomographic angiography and visual coordinate system for the reconstruction of head and neck defects
Authors: Zhang Aobo , Dong Yanbo , Yuan Shuoqing , Zhao Mingzhen , Zhang Tingting , Liu Liangfa 
Published: June 2022

Objectives The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is a versatile workhorse flap for the reconstruction of head and neck defects; however, variations in the location of perforators are a significant concern. This prospective study proposes a rapid, effective, and convenient method for mapping the location of sizeable perforators on the curved thigh skin surface using the visual coordinate system in computed tomographic angiography (CTA) images. Methods Fourteen patients suffering from defects after head and neck carcinoma resection underwent CTA prior to ALT flap reconstruction at the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 2018 to August 2021. Using sterile gauze swab developing lines pasted on the patients’ thighs, we established a coordinate system visualized both in CTA images and the thighs. The perforator information was then compared between the CTA and intraoperative findings. Results Twenty-one perforators were detected on CTA in the designed flaps, which were also confirmed during the operation with a visual pulse. The course and source of the perforators were consistent with the intraoperative findings. The distances of perforator coordinate points between CTA and intraoperative findings were <5 mm. Another five perforators (mostly without visual pulse) found intraoperatively could not be identified on preoperative CTA. Most flaps survived in their entirety, and one flap suffered a small area of necrosis due to perforator compression. Conclusion This study demonstrated the efficacy of a novel perforator mapping method for anterolateral thigh flaps.