bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of age‐associated B cells in early drug‐naïve rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Vidal‐Pedrola Gemma , Naamane Najib , Cameron James A. , Pratt Arthur G. , Mellor Andrew L. , Isaacs John D. , Scheel‐Toellner Dagmar , Anderson Amy E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAge‐associated B cells (ABCs) are an immune cell subset linked to autoimmunity, infection and ageing, and whose pathophysiological importance was recently highlighted using single cell synovial tissue profiling. To elucidate their pathophysiological relevance, peripheral blood (PB) ABCs from early rheumatoid arthritis (eRA) patients naïve to disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) were compared with their synovial fluid (SF) counterparts, and to PB ABCs from psoriatic arthritis patients and healthy controls. PB and SF B‐cell subsets were phenotyped by multi‐parameter flow cytometry, sorted and subjected to gene expression profiling (NanoString nCounter® Immunology V2 Panel) and functional characterization (stimulated cytokine measurements by immunoassay). PB ABCs of eRA patients, which are transcriptionally distinct from those of control cohorts, express chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules, such as CXCR3, that favour homing to inflammatory sites over lymphoid tissue. These cells are an activated, class‐switched B‐cell subset expressing high levels of HLA‐DR, co‐stimulatory molecules and T‐bet. Their secretion profile includes IL‐12p70 and IL‐23 but low levels of IL‐10. High surface expression of FcRL family members, including FcRL3, furthermore suggests a role for these cells in autoimmunity. Finally, and unlike in the periphery where they are rare, ABCs are the predominant B‐cell subsets in SF. These observations indicate the predilection of ABCs for inflammatory tissue in RA, where their propensity for antigen presentation and pro‐inflammatory phenotype may support autoimmune pathology. Their potential as a therapeutic target therefore warrants further study.
Lucky you: Your case is heard by a seasoned panel—Panel effects in the German Constitutional Court
Authors: Engel Christoph 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPanel effects have been widely studied in randomly composed panels. However, for many courts, panel composition stays constant. Then judges become familiar with each other. They know what to expect from each other. Mutual trust may develop. A local culture may emerge. If rejection is the default, familiarity is likely to help plaintiffs, as familiar panels can be more effective, and more self‐confident. In the German Constitutional Court, the effect of familiarity on three success measures can be causally identified: success on the merits, with the request for a preliminary ruling, or with a procedural request. Justices experience multiple, exogenous recompositions of their chamber. In the logic of regression discontinuity, the effect of familiarity on the alternative measures for success can be identified if these recompositions lead to a clear decrease in familiarity with the other members of the chamber.
Effect of adhesive strategy on resin cement bonding to dentin
Authors: Mazzitelli Claudia , Maravic Tatjana , Josic Uros , Mancuso Edoardo , Generali Luigi , Checchi Vittorio , Breschi Lorenzo , Mazzoni Annalisa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe cement bonding strategy and the polymerization mode can influence the prognosis of indirect restorations. The microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and dentin endogenous enzymatic activity of a dual‐cure resin cement (PV5) used in combination with two dentin surface conditioners (accelerator‐enhancer primer, TP or universal adhesive, UA) were evaluated.Materials and MethodsPV5 was used to lute composite overlays after dentin treatment with TP or UA. The resin cement was self‐cured, SC (1 h at 37 °C) or dual‐cured, DC (20 s light‐cure followed by 15 min self‐cure at 37°C). The μTBS test, fractographic analysis, and the in situ zymography evaluations were performed after 24 h (T0) or 1 yr (T12) of artificial storage. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05).ResultsTP/DC obtained the highest adhesive strengths (45 ± 9 and 36.6 ± 8), while UA/SC (17 ± 8 and 11 ± 4) the lowest, both at T0 and T12, respectively. DC resulted in superior bonding values than the SC, independent of the dentin surface treatment (p < 0.05). The type of adhesive, curing mode and aging influenced the gelatinolytic activity (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe dual‐cure resin cement used in combination with its accelerator‐enhancer primer showed superior bonding performances with respect to universal adhesive. Dual‐curing the resin cement was determinant to enhance bonding capability over time, independent of the adhesive strategy.Clinical RelevanceClinicians must be aware to faithfully follow manufacturer's recommendation regarding the adhesive strategy suggested with the resin cement used.
Do enhanced recovery after lung cancer surgery programs risk putting primacy of caring at stake? A qualitative focus group study on nurses' perspectives
Authors: Missel Malene , Beck Malene , Donsel Pernille Orloff , Petersen René Horsleben , Benner Patricia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo gain insight into nursing in an enhanced recovery after surgery program for lung cancer, we explored its meaning for nurses in a thoracic surgery unit.BackgroundSince nurses play a key role in overcoming implementation barriers in enhanced recovery after surgery programs, successful implementation depends on their care approach during the surgery pathway.DesignQualitative focus group study.MethodsA hermeneutic approach inspired by Gadamer guided the research. Sixteen thoracic surgery nurses participated in focus group interviews. Benner and Wrubel's primacy of caring theory enhanced understanding of the findings. COREQ guidelines were followed.ResultsThe thoracic surgery nurses compared the streamlined trajectory in the program to working in a factory. Shifting focus away from a dialogue‐based, situated care practice compromised their professional nursing identity. The program made combining scientific evidence with patients' lifeworld perspectives challenging. Although the nurses recognised that the physiological processes and positive outcomes promoted recovery, they felt each patient's life situation was not sufficiently considered. To meet the program's professional nursing responsibilities and provide comprehensive care, specialised thoracic nursing should continue after discharge to allow professional care while meaningfully engaging with the patient's situatedness and lifeworld.ConclusionsPrimacy of caring risks being compromised if accelerated treatment is implemented uncritically. If care is based on the dominant rational justifications underpinning surgical nursing, living conditions and patient values might be overlooked, affecting how disease, illness and health are managed.Relevance to Clinical PracticeOur findings focus on obvious unintended consequences of enhanced recovery after surgery programs. To avoid dehumanising patients, surgical lung cancer programs must adopt a humanistic attitude in a caring practice guided by the moral art and ethics of care and responsibility.Public ContributionTo reminding us of what matters and helping us think differently, we discussed the results of the study with organisational stakeholders.
Artificial intelligence to support early diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders: A preliminary case study
Authors: Reda Bachar , Contardo Luca , Prenassi Marco , Guerra Enrico , Derchi Giacomo , Marceglia Sara 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundTemporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are disabling conditions with a negative impact on the quality of life. Their diagnosis is a complex and multi‐factorial process that should be conducted by experienced professionals, and most TMDs remain often undetected. Increasing the awareness of un‐experienced dentists and supporting the early TMD recognition may help reduce this gap. Artificial intelligence (AI) allowing both to process natural language and to manage large knowledge bases could support the diagnostic process.ObjectiveIn this work, we present the experience of an AI‐based system for supporting non‐expert dentists in early TMD recognition.MethodsThe system was based on commercially available AI services. The prototype development involved a preliminary domain analysis and relevant literature identification, the implementation of the core cognitive computing services, the web interface and preliminary testing. Performance evaluation included a retrospective review of seven available clinical cases, together with the involvement of expert professionals for usability testing.ResultsThe system comprises one module providing possible diagnoses according to a list of symptoms, and a second one represented by a question and answer tool, based on natural language. We found that, even when using commercial services, the training guided by experts is a key factor and that, despite the generally positive feedback, the application's best target is untrained professionals.ConclusionWe provided a preliminary proof of concept of the feasibility of implementing an AI‐based system aimed to support non‐specialists in the early identification of TMDs, possibly allowing a faster and more frequent referral to second‐level medical centres. Our results showed that AI is a useful tool to improve TMD detection by facilitating a primary diagnosis.
Risk estimation of degenerative joint disease in temporomandibular disorder patients with different types of sagittal and coronal disc displacements: MRI and CBCT analysis
Authors: Fan Pei‐di , Xiong Xin , Cheng Qiao‐yu , Xiang Jie , Zhou Xue‐man , Yi Ya‐ting , Wang Jun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundDegenerative joint disease (DJD) can be associated with disc displacement (DD) in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients. However, the relationship between different types of DDs and DJD remains unclear.ObjectivesTo investigate the odds ratios of different types of sagittal and coronal DDs confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DJD confirmed by cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) in TMD patients.MethodsRadiographic data from 69 males and 232 females were collected for analysis. CBCT was used to diagnose DJD, with criteria including erosion, osteophytes, generalised sclerosis and cysts in the joint. Eight types of DDs were evaluated by sagittal and coronal MRIs: NA, no abnormality; SW, sideways; ADDR, anterior with reduction; ADDR+SW; ADDNR, anterior without reduction; ADDNR + SW; single SW; PDD, posterior; PDD + SW. The odds ratios of DJD in joints with different types of DDs were determined after joint correlation, age and gender adjustment.ResultsCompared with NA, the odds ratio of DJD in ADDR was 2.397 (95% CI [confidence interval]: 1.070–5.368), ADDR + SW was 4.808 (95% CI: 1.709–3.528), ADDNR was 29.982 (95% CI: 15.512–57.950) and ADDNR + SW was 25.974 (95% CI: 12.743–52.945). Erosion was significantly increased in ADDR, ADDR + SW, ADDNR and ADDNR + SW; osteophytes were significantly increased in ADDR + SW, ADDNR and ADDNR + SW; and generalised sclerosis and cysts were significantly increased in ADDNR and ADDNR + SW. There were no significant associations between single SW, PDD, PDD + SW and the DJD.ConclusionsADDR, ADDR+SW, ADDNR and ADDNR+SW were associated with DJD. ADDNR had a significantly higher prevalence of DJD than ADDR. There were no significant relationships between single SW, PDD, PDD + SW and the DJD.
Nutrient utilisation, metabolisable and net energy values of corn for broiler chickens during the starter and grower phases
Authors: Liu Xingbo , Ban Zhibin , Yan Xiaogang , Yang Huaming , Liang Hao , Yan Lei , Nie Wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe objective of this experiment was to determine the energy values and nutrient utilisation of five corns at starer (14–16 days) and grower (28–30 days) phases. The 1–5 corn samples were obtained from Jinzhou, Liaoning; Gongzhuling, Jilin; Qingdao, Shandong; Songyuan, Jilin and Xinxiang, Henan, China. Each phase of the trial consisted of six treatments with six replicates each. The number of birds per replicate was 4 (Days 14–16) and 2 (Days 28–30). Diets included a corn–soybean meal basal diet and five test diets contained 30% of each corn sample, which replaced 30% of the energy‐yielding components of the basal diet (as‐fed basis). The trial consisted of six cycles, each cycle was 7 days, including 4 days for adaptation to feed. On Day 4, the birds were transferred to the respiration chambers. In the following 3 days, total excreta were collected and daily heat production was measured. The apparent total tract retention of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, and starch improved with age, showing the same trend as energy values. The nitrogen‐corrected metabolisable energy (AMEn) values for corn samples at the starter phase were in the range of 16.25–17.41 MJ/kg DM and at the grower phase were in the range of 17.23–17.60 MJ/kg DM. On the other hand, the net energy (NE) values of the five corn samples ranged from 9.93 to 11.67 MJ/kg DM during the starter period and from 11.19 to 12.27 MJ/kg DM during the grower period. The AMEn and NE values of the five corn samples were close to the literature values for corn. Results from our research indicated the nutrient digestibility and energy values of corn samples increase with the age of the broiler.
The growing divide: Preferences, interests, and the shadow of the future in Argentina–Brazil relations
Authors: Merke Federico , Doval Gisela Pereyra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, the relationship between Argentina and Brazil was understood as an alliance sustained by common interests and shared values. We argue that this assumption no longer holds, and that the relationship is going through a growing divide. In this article, we examine the evolution of Argentina–Brazil relations and carry out a plausibility probe to test three explanations of their rise and decline. To do so, we look at the shifting patterns of preferences (i.e., domestic coalitions and the electoral cycle), interests (i.e., business actors and trade patterns), and the shadow of the future (i.e., prospects for future interactions). We find that each of the three explanations contributes significantly to our understanding of the relationship's development and the challenges that lie ahead.
Limited detection of shared zoonotic pathogens in deer keds and blacklegged ticks co‐parasitizing white‐tailed deer in the eastern United States
Authors: Olafson Pia Untalan , Poh Karen C. , Evans Jesse R. , Skvarla Michael J. , Machtinger Erika T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDeer keds, such as Lipoptena cervi Linnaeus (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), are blood‐feeding flies from which several human and animal pathogens have been detected, including Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato Johnson (Spirochaetales: Borreliaceae), the causative agent of Lyme disease. Cervids (Artiodactyla: Cervidae), which are the primary hosts of deer keds, are not natural reservoirs of B. burgdorferi sl, and it has been suggested that deer keds may acquire bacterial pathogens via co‐feeding near infected ticks. We screened L. cervi (n = 306) and Ixodes scapularis Say (Ixodida: Ixodidae) (n = 315) collected from 38 white‐tailed deer in Pennsylvania for the family Anaplasmataceae, Bartonella spp. (Hyphomicrobiales: Bartonellaceae), Borrelia spp., and Rickettsia spp. (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae). Limited similarity in the bacterial DNA detected between these ectoparasites per host suggested that co‐feeding may not be a mechanism by which deer keds acquire these bacteria. The feeding biology and life history of deer keds may impact the observed results, as could the season when specimens were collected. We separately screened L. cervi (n = 410), L. mazamae Róndani (n = 13), L. depressa Say (n = 10), and Neolipoptena ferrisi Bequaert (n = 14) collections from locations within the United States and Canada for the same pathogens. These results highlight the need to further study deer ked‐host and deer ked‐tick relationships.
Screening for metabolic complications of childhood and adolescent obesity: A scoping review of national and international guidelines
Authors: Lim Carey Yun Shan , Foo Yu Wah , Tok Chanel Li Xuan , Lim Yvonne Yijuan , Loke Kah Yin , Lee Yung Seng , Ng Nicholas Beng Hui 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThe rise in prevalence of childhood obesity is paralleled by an increase in obesity‐related metabolic complications, which add significantly to the population burden of cardiovascular morbidity in the long term. Early detection of obesity‐related metabolic complications through appropriate screening strategies forms a crucial aspect of obesity management. We performed a scoping review of international and national guidelines on the management of pediatric obesity to evaluate the recommendations on screening for metabolic complications, namely, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. Thirty guidelines were included, 23 (76.7%) of which had some guidance on screening for metabolic complications. However, there were significant variations in the extent and details of recommendations for screening for these metabolic complications. There has been no consensus on the body mass index (BMI) thresholds, age of onset, frequency, and screening tests recommended for detecting hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease between guidelines. These variations did not appear to be polarized based on geographical location or population ethnicity. We provide our recommendations on metabolic screening based on the strength of evidence in the guidelines, also incorporating recommendations from key childhood hypertension, diabetes, and lipid guidelines. Appropriate implementation of screening strategies is crucial to improve detection of metabolic complications, to allow for earlier or more intensified interventions for affected children with obesity.
Effects of Surgeon Handedness on the Outcomes of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: A Single Center's Experience
Authors: Cao Zheng , Liu Yubo , Yang Minzhi , Zhang Zhuo , Kong Xiangpeng , Chai Wei 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveSurgeon handedness has been widely discussed in operative surgery, and could cause clinical discrepancy. However, few studies have reported the effect of handedness on unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Based on our clinical observation and case analysis, we aimed to find out the effects of surgeon handedness on UKA.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 94 UKA procedures performed by one right‐handed surgeon from January 2017 to December 2018 at a single medical center. The cases were divided into two groups by operation side (49 L‐UKAs and 45 R‐UKAs). Preoperative demographic data were collected. Imaging parameters (femorotibial and hip‐knee‐ankle angles and tibial‐plateau retroversion) and joint function scores (Knee Society Score [KSS] and Oxford Knee Score [OKS]) were recorded. Patients were followed up regularly and Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) was calculated at the last follow‐up. All data were compared between the two groups with independent‐samples t‐test, and paired t‐test was used for intragroup comparisons.ResultsThe average follow‐up was 26.7 ± 3.2 months. The average patient age was 63.5 ± 9.0 years and the average body mass index was 26.89 ± 3.43 kg/m2. There was no significant group difference in any preoperative characteristic. Both the KSS and OKS improved significantly after surgery (p < 0.05). No significant group difference was found between the KSS or OKS at any follow‐up visit. The varus or valgus of tibial component was 3.57 ± 1.42° on the left side and 3.19 ± 1.56° on the right side (p = 0.45). The varus or valgus of femoral component was 7.81 ± 2.43° in patients undergoing L‐UKA and 7.05 ± 2.90° in those undergoing R‐UKA (p = 0.04). No statistical differences were found in outliers of component orientation on both sides. The femorotibial and hip‐knee‐ankle angles improved significantly in both groups, and there was no significant group difference in either lower limb alignment or tibial‐plateau retroversion. The complication rate was 8.16% (4/49) in the L‐UKA group and 6.67% (3/45) in the R‐UKA group. There was no correlation between prosthesis orientation and early joint function score.ConclusionsSurgeon handedness may cause a worse prosthetic orientation on femoral side during surgeon's non‐dominant UKA, and surgeons should be cautious of bone resection and prosthesis implantation. However, radiographic difference did not bring variations on short‐term clinical outcomes or lower limb alignment.
Group‐deliberative competences and group knowledge
Authors: Broncano‐Berrocal Fernando , Barba Moisés 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnder what conditions is a group belief resulting from deliberation constitutive of group knowledge? What kinds of competences must a deliberating group manifest when settling a question so that the resulting collective belief can be considered group knowledge? In this paper, we provide an answer to the second question that helps make progress on the first question. In particular, we explain the epistemic normativity of deliberation‐based group belief in terms of a truth norm and an evidential norm, introduce a virtue‐reliabilist condition on deliberative group knowledge, and provide an account and a taxonomy of the types of group competences that are necessary for this type of collective knowledge.
Health in citizen‐state interactions: How physical and mental health problems shape experiences of administrative burden and reduce take‐up
Authors: Bell Elizabeth , Christensen Julian , Herd Pamela , Moynihan Donald 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPublic services represent a key means by which societies seek to reduce inequalities. However, some people may experience administrative procedures as more burdensome than others, creating inequality within programs intended to be equity‐enhancing. Prior work has found human capital (e.g., education and conditions like scarcity) to affect burden and take‐up. We build on this by examining the role of health in the form of attention disorders, pain, anxiety, and depression in the context of tax reporting in Denmark and college financial aid in Oklahoma, USA. Across cases, attention disorders and pain are associated with more burdensome experiences and in the financial aid case, they are associated with reduced take‐up as well. Individuals suffering from multiple health problems have the most negative experiences and lowest take‐up. The results suggest that extra support may be needed for people suffering from health problems in order to reduce inequities in experiences and outcomes.