bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
City of Dreams
Authors: De la Roca Jorge , Ottaviano Gianmarco I P , Puga Diego 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBigger cities offer more valuable experiences and opportunities in exchange for higher housing costs. While higher-ability workers benefit more from bigger cities, they are not more likely to move to one. Our model of urban sorting by workers with heterogeneous self-confidence and ability suggests flawed self-assessment is partly to blame. Analysis of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 data shows that, consistent with our model, young workers with high self-confidence are more likely to locate in a big city initially. For more experienced workers, ability plays a stronger role in determining location choices, but the lasting impact of earlier choices dampens their incentives to move.
An optimized survey strategy for the ERIS/NIX imager: searching for young giant exoplanets and very low mass brown dwarfs using the K-peak custom photometric filter
Authors: Dubber Sophie , Biller Beth , Bonavita Mariangela , Allers Katelyn , Fontanive Clémence , Kenworthy Matthew A , Bonnefoy Mickaël , Taylor William 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We present optimal survey strategies for the upcoming NIX imager, part of the Enhanced Resolution Imager and Spectrograph instrument to be installed on the Very Large Telescope. We will use a custom 2.2 µm K-peak filter to optimize the efficiency of a future large-scale direct imaging survey, aiming to detect brown dwarfs and giant planets around nearby stars. We use the results of previous large-scale imaging surveys (primarily SPHERE SHINE and Gemini GPIES) to inform our choice of targets, as well as improved planet population distributions. We present four possible approaches to optimize survey target lists for the highest yield of detections: (i) targeting objects with anomalous proper motion trends, (ii) a follow-up survey of dense fields from SPHERE SHINE and Gemini GPIES, (iii) surveying nearby star-forming regions, and (iv) targeting newly discovered members of nearby young moving groups. We also compare the predicted performance of NIX to other state-of-the-art direct imaging instruments.
A measurement of the integrated Sachs–Wolfe effect with the Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey
Authors: Bahr-Kalus Benedict , Parkinson David , Asorey Jacobo , Camera Stefano , Hale Catherine , Qin (秦斐) Fei 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The evolution of the gravitational potentials on large scales due to the accelerated expansion of the Universe is an important and independent probe of dark energy, known as the integrated Sachs–Wolfe (ISW) effect. We measure this ISW effect through cross-correlating the cosmic microwave background maps from the Planck satellite with a radio continuum galaxy distribution map from the recent Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey (RACS). We detect a positive cross-correlation at $\sim 2.8\, \sigma$ relative to the null hypothesis of no correlation. We parametrize the strength of the ISW effect through an amplitude parameter and find the constraints to be $A_{\mathrm{ISW}} = 0.94^{+0.42}_{-0.41}$, which is consistent with the prediction of an accelerating universe within the current concordance cosmological model, ΛCDM. The credible interval on this parameter is independent of the different bias models and redshift distributions that were considered when marginalizing over the nuisance parameters. We also detect a power excess in the galaxy autocorrelation angular power spectrum on large scales (ℓ ≤ 40), and investigate possible systematic causes.
Shapes of Milky-Way-mass galaxies with self-interacting dark matter
Authors: Vargya Drona , Sanderson Robyn , Sameie Omid , Boylan-Kolchin Michael , Hopkins Philip F , Wetzel Andrew , Graus Andrew 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) models offer one way to reconcile inconsistencies between observations and predictions from collisionless cold dark matter (CDM) models on dwarf-galaxy scales. In order to incorporate the effects of both baryonic and SIDM interactions, we study a suite of cosmological-baryonic simulations of Milky-Way (MW)-mass galaxies from the Feedback in Realistic Environments (FIRE-2) project where we vary the SIDM self-interaction cross-section σ/m. We compare the shape of the main dark matter (DM) halo at redshift z = 0 predicted by SIDM simulations (at σ/m = 0.1, 1, and 10 cm2 g−1) with CDM simulations using the same initial conditions. In the presence of baryonic feedback effects, we find that SIDM models do not produce the large differences in the inner structure of MW-mass galaxies predicted by SIDM-only models. However, we do find that the radius where the shape of the total mass distribution begins to differ from that of the stellar mass distribution is dependent on σ/m. This transition could potentially be used to set limits on the SIDM cross-section in the MW.
Predicting biosignatures for nutrient-limited biospheres
Authors: Nicholson A E , Daines S J , Mayne N J , Eager-Nash J K , Lenton T M , Kohary K 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
With the characterizations of potentially habitable planetary atmospheres on the horizon, the search for biosignatures is set to become a major area of research in the coming decades. To understand the atmospheric characteristics that might indicate alien life, we must understand the abiotic characteristics of a planet and how life interacts with its environment. In the field of biogeochemistry, sophisticated models of life-environment coupled systems demonstrate that many assumptions specific to Earth-based life, e.g. specific ATP maintenance costs, are unnecessary to accurately model a biosphere. We explore a simple model of a single-species microbial biosphere that produces CH4 as a byproduct of the microbes’ energy extraction – known as a type I biosignature. We demonstrate that although significantly changing the biological parameters has a large impact on the biosphere’s total population, such changes have only a minimal impact on the strength of the resulting biosignature, while the biosphere is limited by H2 availability. We extend the model to include more accurate microbial energy harvesting and show that adjusting microbe parameters can lead to a regime change where the biosphere becomes limited by energy availability and no longer fully exploits the available H2, impacting the strength of the resulting biosignature. We demonstrate that, for a nutrient-limited biosphere, identifying the limiting nutrient, understanding the abiotic processes that control its abundance, and determining the biospheres ability to exploit it, are more fundamental for making type I biosignature predictions than the details of the population dynamics of the biosphere.
Kepler-1708 b-i is likely undetectable with HST
Authors: Cassese Ben , Kipping David 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The exomoon candidate Kepler-1708 b-i was recently reported using two transits of Kepler data. Supported by a 1 per cent false-positive probability, the candidate is promising but requires follow-up observations to confirm/reject its validity. In this paper, we consider the detectability of the exomoon candidate’s transit, most specifically in the next window (2023 March) using the WFC3 instrument aboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Using realistic noise estimates, accounting for the visit-long trends, and propagating the model posteriors derived using the Kepler data, we perform 75 injection-recovery trials with Bayesian model selection. Defining a successful detection as one that meets thresholds of the Bayes factor, Akaike information criterion, and error of the retrieved parameters, only 7 of our 75 injections were recovered when considering HST data alone. This implies a true-positive probability of 10 ± 3 per cent. Despite HST’s superior aperture to Kepler, both instrumental systematics and the compactness of the candidate exomoon’s orbit typically obfuscate a strong detection. Although the noise properties of the James Webb Space Telescope have not yet been characterized in flight, we estimate the signal would be easily recovered using NIRSpec operating in its Bright Object Time Series mode.
Rapid source classification and distance estimation for compact binary mergers with PyCBC live
Authors: Villa-Ortega Verónica , Dent Thomas , Curiel Barroso Andrés 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
During the third observing run (O3) of the advanced LIGO and advanced virgo detectors, dozens of candidate gravitational-wave (GW) events have been catalogued. A challenge of this observing run has been the rapid identification and public dissemination of compact binary coalescence (CBC) signals, a task carried out by low-latency searches such as PyCBC Live. During the later part of O3, we developed a method of classifying CBC sources via their probabilities of containing neutron star or black hole components within PyCBC Live in order to facilitate immediate follow-up observations by electromagnetic and neutrino observatories. This fast classification uses the chirp mass recovered by the search as input given the difficulty of measuring the mass ratio with high accuracy for lower mass binaries. We also use a distance estimate derived from the search output to correct for the bias in chirp mass due to the cosmological redshift. We present results for simulated signals, and for confirmed candidate events identified in low latency over O3.
Genome Sequencing of up to 6,000-Year-OldCitrullusSeeds Reveals Use of a Bitter-Fleshed Species Prior to Watermelon Domestication
Authors: Pérez-Escobar Oscar A , Tusso Sergio , Przelomska Natalia A S , Wu Shan , Ryan Philippa , Nesbitt Mark , Silber Martina V , Preick Michaela , Fei Zhangjun , Hofreiter Michael , Chomicki Guillaume , Renner Susanne S 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIconographic evidence from Egypt suggests that watermelon pulp was consumed there as a dessert by 4,360 BP. Earlier archaeobotanical evidence comes from seeds from Neolithic settlements in Libya, but whether these were watermelons with sweet pulp or other forms is unknown. We generated genome sequences from 6,000- and 3,300-year-old seeds from Libya and Sudan, and from worldwide herbarium collections made between 1824 and 2019, and analyzed these data together with resequenced genomes from important germplasm collections for a total of 131 accessions. Phylogenomic and population-genomic analyses reveal that (1) much of the nuclear genome of both ancient seeds is traceable to West African seed-use “egusi-type” watermelon (Citrullus mucosospermus) rather than domesticated pulp-use watermelon (Citrullus lanatus ssp. vulgaris); (2) the 6,000-year-old watermelon likely had bitter pulp and greenish-white flesh as today found in C. mucosospermus, given alleles in the bitterness regulators ClBT and in the red color marker LYCB; and (3) both ancient genomes showed admixture from C. mucosospermus, C. lanatus ssp. cordophanus, C. lanatus ssp. vulgaris, and even South African Citrullus amarus, and evident introgression between the Libyan seed (UMB-6) and populations of C. lanatus. An unexpected new insight is that Citrullus appears to have initially been collected or cultivated for its seeds, not its flesh, consistent with seed damage patterns induced by human teeth in the oldest Libyan material.
Is the Mutation Rate Lower in Genomic Regions of Stronger Selective Constraints?
Authors: Liu Haoxuan , Zhang Jianzhi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A study of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana detected lower mutation rates in genomic regions where mutations are more likely to be deleterious, challenging the principle that mutagenesis is blind to its consequence. To examine the generality of this finding, we analyze large mutational data from baker's yeast and humans. The yeast data do not exhibit this trend, whereas the human data show an opposite trend that disappears upon the control of potential confounders. We find that the Arabidopsis study identified substantially more mutations than reported in the original data-generating studies and expected from Arabidopsis' mutation rate. These extra mutations are enriched in polynucleotide tracts and have relatively low sequencing qualities so are likely sequencing errors. Furthermore, the polynucleotide “mutations” can produce the purported mutational trend in Arabidopsis. Together, our results do not support lower mutagenesis of genomic regions of stronger selective constraints in the plant, fungal, and animal models examined.
Clinical application of microRNAs in glomerular diseases
Authors: Selvaskandan Haresh , Pawluczyk Izabella , Barratt Jonathan 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
RNA interference (RNAi) occurs in all organisms and modulates most, if not all, biological pathways. It is the process by which non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), regulate gene transcription and post-transcriptional processing of messenger RNA (mRNA). A single miRNA can modulate several genes within a cell, and several miRNAs can regulate expression of the same gene, adding tiers of complexity to the regulation of gene expression. miRNAs and other RNAi approaches have been successfully used in vitro and in vivo to selectively manipulate gene transcription, making them pivotal agents for basic science research and candidates for targeted therapeutics. This review focuses on miRNAs and their potential as biomarkers and novel therapeutics for glomerular disease.
Longitudinal Associations Between Exclusive and Dual Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and Cigarettes and Self-Reported Incident Diagnosed Cardiovascular Disease Among Adults
Authors: Hirschtick Jana L , Cook Steven , Patel Akash , Barnes Geoffrey D , Arenberg Douglas , Bondarenko Irina , Levy David T , Jeon Jihyoun , Jimenez Mendoza Evelyn , Meza Rafael , Fleischer Nancy L 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The cardiovascular health effects of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use are not well characterized, making it difficult to assess ENDS as a potential harm reduction tool for adults who use cigarettes.

Aims and Methods
Using waves 1–5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (2013–2019), we analyzed the risk of self-reported incident diagnosed myocardial infarction (MI; 280 incident cases) and stroke (186 incident cases) associated with ENDS and/or cigarette use among adults aged 40 + using discrete time survival models. We employed a time-varying exposure lagged by one wave, defined as exclusive or dual established use of ENDS and/or cigarettes every day or some days, and controlled for demographics, clinical factors, and past smoking history.

Results
The analytic samples (MI = 11 031; stroke = 11 076) were predominantly female and non-Hispanic White with a mean age of 58 years. At baseline, 14.2% of respondents exclusively smoked cigarettes, 0.6% exclusively used ENDS, and 1.0% used both products. Incident MI and stroke were rare during follow-up (&lt; 1% at each wave). Compared to no cigarette or ENDS use, exclusive cigarette use increased the risk of MI (aHR 1.99, 95% CI = 1.40–2.84) and stroke (aHR 2.26, 95% CI = 1.51–3.39), while exclusive ENDS use (MI: aHR 0.61, 95% CI = 0.12–3.04; stroke: aHR 1.74, 95% CI = 0.55–5.49) and dual use (MI: aHR 1.84, 95% CI = 0.64–5.30; stroke: aHR 1.12, 95% CI = 0.33–3.79) were not significantly associated with the risk of either outcome.

Conclusions
Compared to non-use, exclusive cigarette use was associated with an increased risk of self-reported incident diagnosed cardiovascular disease over a 5-year period, while ENDS use was not associated with a statistically significant increase in the outcomes.

Implications
Existing literature on the health effects of ENDS use has important limitations, including potential reverse causation and improper control for cigarette smoking. We accounted for these issues by using a prospective design and adjusting for current and former smoking status and cigarette pack-years. In this context, we did not find that ENDS use was associated with a statistically significant increase in self-reported incident diagnosed myocardial infarction or stroke over a 5-year period. While more studies are needed, this analysis provides an important foundation and key methodological considerations for future research on the health effects of ENDS use.
Reasons for Using Roll-Your-Own Tobacco and Perceptions of Health-Promoting Pack Inserts: A Focus Group Study with Roll-Your-Own Tobacco Smokers in Scotland
Authors: Moodie Crawford , O’Donnell Rachel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Use of roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco is increasing in most regions, but few qualitative studies have explored why RYO smokers use this product, and no study has considered their views of health-promoting pack inserts.

Methods
Eight focus groups were conducted with 18–35-year-old RYO smokers (n = 50) in Greater Glasgow (Scotland) in February–March 2020 to explore reasons for using RYO and perceptions of health-promoting inserts. Participants were shown four inserts adapted from those required in cigarette packs in Canada, with all encouraging quitting, and two RYO-specific inserts explaining that RYO is not less harmful than cigarettes.

Results
Lower price, better taste, the pleasure of rolling and ability to customize roll-ups, and the belief that RYO was less harmful than cigarettes were drivers for use. There were mixed perceptions of the extent to which inserts would capture attention if included in RYO packs. The positive messaging used on the Canadian inserts was considered motivational and inspirational, and contrasted with the on-pack warnings. The messaging on the RYO inserts, in comparison, was viewed unfavorably and generally dismissed. Participants, most of whom were not interested in quitting, did not feel that inserts would lead them to change their smoking behavior. However, some felt that the Canadian inserts could be helpful for those thinking about quitting and young people contemplating smoking.

Conclusions
Inserts with positive messaging about quitting, rather than messaging explicating the harms of RYO, were preferred by RYO smokers. What, if any, RYO-specific messaging resonates with RYO smokers merits further attention.

Implications
Aside from price, taste, and the pleasure associated with rolling and ability to individualize roll-ups, the erroneous belief that RYO is less harmful than cigarettes was a key reason for use. While inserts with positive messaging about quitting, as used on the Canadian inserts, were viewed as potentially helpful, inserts that challenged the idea that RYO was not less harmful than cigarettes were generally dismissed. Research is needed to understand what types of RYO-specific messaging could most effectively be used on inserts, or indeed in other media, to challenge the misperceptions that many RYO smokers hold.
The institutional wage adjustment to import competition: evidence from the Italian collective bargaining system
Authors: Matano Alessia , Naticchioni Paolo , Vona Francesco 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A growing body of research has contributed to understanding the labour market and political effects of globalization. This article explores an overlooked feature of trade-induced adjustments in the labour market: the institutional aspect. We take advantage of the Italian collectively bargained minimum wage system, which is based on a two-tier structure, whereby the first tier entails setting minimum wages at the national contract level. Using an instrumental variable strategy and exploiting variations in contract-level exposure to trade, we find for the 1995–2003 period that, on average, the surge in imports decreased contractual minimum wages by 1.5%. This impact increases in the share of unskilled workers employed in the contract. This negative institutional effect contrasts with a non-significant effect of trade on total wages, with the latter becoming positive and large only for highly skilled workers.
Functional connectivity of the medial prefrontal cortex related to mindreading abilities
Authors: Le Petit Marine , Eustache Francis , Perrier Joy , de La Sayette Vincent , Desgranges Béatrice , Laisney Mickaël 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex is a key region of mindreading belonging to the mentalizing system, a set of brain areas underlying mental state inference based on reasoning on social concepts. The aim of this study was to characterize the functional connectivity between regions involved in mindreading and to highlight the processes it underpins, focusing on the dorsal and ventral parts of the medial prefrontal cortex. We analyzed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging of 56 healthy volunteers, to study the relationship between mindreading abilities and functional connectivity of the medial prefrontal cortex. Cognitive mindreading performances were correlated with connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex and frontal regions involved in the regulation of the salience of one’s own mental contents, with a distinction between the dorsal part connected to regions subtending inhibition processes and the ventral part to emotional regions. Affective mindreading performances were negatively correlated with negative connectivity of the ventro- and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex with sensorimotor regions belonging to the mirror neuron system subtending the simulation of mental states. These findings suggested a role of the medial prefrontal cortex to decrease the salience of one’s own mental content and in the antisynchronous interaction between the mentalizing and mirror neurons systems.
XVIIIBibliography, Textual Criticism, and Reference Works
Authors: Baker William 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter has four sections: 1. Periodicals; 2. Editions and Catalogues; 3. Bibliography, Associated Books and Articles, Histories, and Companions; 4. Some Shakespeare and Miscellaneous, including Reference Materials. These sections are not inviolable. With exceptions, this review of the year’s work published in 2020 in the areas of bibliography, textual criticism, and reference material is mostly alphabetically arranged. Within the alphabetical arrangement by author there are some exceptions where publications are grouped under the respective authors rather than on the editors of, for instance, the correspondence. There is also included in this chapter, as in previous years, work that has been missed in some of the other chapters in this volume. Readers should be aware that coverage is largely limited to those items that have been received by the contributor in a year dominated by the virus! Thanks are due to James E. May, who contributed the section on the Eighteenth-Century Intelligencer, Brent E. Kinser, Andrew McAinsh of the Edinburgh Bibliographical Society, Professor Patrick Scott, Liam Sims of the Cambridge Bibliographical Society, Professors Tianhu Ho and Ken Womack, and Jan Webster for their assistance.