bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring data-driven models for spatiotemporally local classification of Alfvén eigenmodes
Authors: Kaptanoglu Alan A. , Jalalvand Azarakhsh , Garcia Alvin V. , Austin Max E. , Verdoolaege Geert , Schneider Jeff , Hansen Christopher J. , Brunton Steven L. , Heidbrink William W. , Kolemen Egemen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs) are an important and complex class of plasma dynamics commonly observed in tokamaks and other plasma devices. In this work, we manually labeled a small database of 26 discharges from the DIII-D tokamak in order to train simple neural-network-based models for classifying AEs. The models provide spatiotemporally local identification of four types of AEs by using an array of 40 electron cyclotron emission (ECE) signals as inputs. Despite the minimal dataset, this strategy performs well at spatiotemporally localized classification of AEs, indicating future opportunities for more sophisticated models and incorporation into real-time control strategies. The trained model is then used to generate spatiotemporally-resolved labels for each of the 40 ECE measurements on a much larger database of 1112 DIII-D discharges. This large set of precision labels can be used in future studies for advanced deep predictors and new physical insights.
3D ion gyro-orbit heat load predictions for NSTX-U
Authors: Looby T. , Reinke M.L. , Wingen A. , Gray T. , Unterberg E.A. , Donovan D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
High power tokamaks operate with divertor heat loads capable of destroying the plasma facing components (PFCs). High fidelity heat load predictions are necessary to ascertain the PFC state for design and during operation. Typical heat flux calculations are 2D, time invariant, and assume that power flows directly along the magnetic field lines (the optical approximation). These assumptions neglect the complex 3D geometries employed to protect the PFCs, the time varying nature of the plasma and PFC thermal state, and the helical trajectories of ions with finite Larmor radii (the gyro-orbit approximation). An integrated software framework, the heat flux engineering analysis toolkit (HEAT), was developed to generate time varying optical heat loads applied to real engineering computer aided design (CAD) (Looby et al 2022 Fusion Sci. Technol.
78 10–27). Recently, an ion-gyro orbit module has been added to HEAT. This module calculates the helical trajectories of ions as they gyrate about the magnetic field lines using kinetic theory macro-particles to accelerate the calculation. First, the new gyro-orbit module will be presented. Next, a comparison to existing research is performed. Finally, an analysis of the gyro-orbit heat loads for NSTX-U is presented for diverted discharges using the engineering CAD models utilized for PFC fabrication. Including these gyro-orbit effects can enhance the PFC performance by ‘smearing’ out the magnetic shadows associated with the castellated fish-scaled geometry. Simultaneously, the helical trajectories can degrade performance when they load narrow regions on edges and corners with high heat fluxes. Analysis of the trade-offs between these competing effects is included, and regions for further investigation are identified.
Geology and Environmental Impact Assessment of Psammitic Gneiss and Lamprophyre Dykes at Wadi Sikait, South Eastern Desert, Egypt
Authors: Kamar M. S. , El Tohamy A. M. , Mira H. I. , Ismail A. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The present study was carried out on promising lamprophyre dykes at Wadi Sikait, through the mineralogical and petrography studies with emphasis on the radiological hazard’s indices along Wadi Sikait. So, the radioelement contents in the studied rocks were measured radiometrically by using gamma-spectrometry (NaI-detector). The psammitic gneisses formed an elongated zone striking NNE-SSW and are silicified, banded, jointed, sheared, mylonitized, and hematized. The lamprophyre dykes strike NNW-SSE varies in thickness from 0.5 m to 1.5 m, and extend more than one kilometer. The averages of the eU/eTh ratio are 2.02, indicating uranium accumulation, which confirmed positive disequilibrium (P-factor). Many of the radiological hazard parameters in both psammitic gneisses and lamprophyre dykes are higher than the international limits, suggesting probable hazard. 40K plays the main and most important role in dose rate contribution. The high activity and the elevated radiological hazard parameters in the lamprophyre are related to the presence of radioactive and radioelements bearing minerals like kasolite, thorite, uranothorite, xenotime, cheralite and baddeleyite. Other mineralization was also recorded as gold and base metal minerals.
Kinetic Decomposition Models for Ammonium Percholorate Hybrid Catalyzed with Nanothermite Particles
Authors: Hamed Abdelaziz , Gobara Mohamed , Mokhtar Mohamed , Elbasuney Sherif 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ferric oxide is a universal catalyst. Reactive metal fuel can act as a high energy dense material such as aluminum which is marked by the very high gravimetric and volumetric heat output. This manuscript reports on the fabrication of colloidal ferric oxide nanoparticles of 5 nm. Colloidal ferric oxide/aluminum nanothermite mixture was integrated into ammonium percholorate (AP) via the coprecipitation technique. The shape and particles size of the prepared nano ferric oxide were investigated by using TEM instrument. Uniform dispersion of Al/Fe2O3 in the ammonium perchlorate matrix was verified using EDAX instrument. Nanothermite particles offered enhanced AP decomposition enthalpy by 120 % using DSC. Nanothermite colloid offered a decrease in AP activation energy by 51 and 40 % using Friedman and Ozawa models respectively. AP decomposition mechanism was reported to go through three consequent mechanisms including the first order mechanism, two-dimensional diffusion reactions, and one- dimensional diffusion mechanism according to extent of reacted fraction (α) of 0-0.25, 0.3-0.6, and 0.6-0.9 respectively. The results show that the catalyzing ability of the nanothermites was confirmed and has shown a superior effect on the AP energetic system.
Gamma Radiation Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (Polyaniline /Glycidyl methacrylate) Containing TiO2 Nanoparticles and Studying Their Physicochemical Properties.
Authors: Salah M , El-Arnaouty M B , Eid M , Soliman El-Sayed , Hegazy El-Sayed A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Gamma radiation was successfully utilized to formulate conducting polyaniline/glycidyl methacrylate containing TiO2 [(PANI/GMA)-TiO2]. The pattern of X-ray diffraction of the produced polymers indicated the existence of TiO2 inside the composite, with peaks connected to the TiO2 centred at 2ϴ = 25.3°, 27.5°, 37°, 38°, 41.37°, 48.1°, 54.26°, and 55.2°. The interaction between TiO
2
and PANI/GMA caused the distinctive FTIR peaks of PANI to shift to a higher wavenumber in [(PANI/ GMA)-TiO2] nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to evaluate these composites’ morphological and structural aspects. The thermal stability tests utilizing thermal gravimetric analysis demonstrated that the inclusion of TiO2 leads to enhancing thermal stability. The electrical conductivity of the material as determined by the LCR Meter was around 10-3 (S/cm), indicating that it might be used as an electro-conductive substance.
Preparation and application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in offset ink
Authors: Ali Sayeda Sadek , Abdel-moneam Yasser Kamal , Hegazy Mohammad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTiO2nano pigments in pure crystallographic forms (anatase) were prepared via a hydrothermal approach. The produced pigments were investigated physiochemically by several techniques, then they were utilized in paper-coating mixtures and their effect on the properties of coated papers was investigated. XRD revealed that these pigments produced a pure anatase phase pigment. TEM showed that the crystallite size for anatase is 50 nm. Whether optical or physical properties for the treatment before and after application were tracked. Although TiO2is applied as a white dye, it provided good results on the black ink that is used in dyeing, whether ordinary TiO2or that in the range of nano, in small quantities. The titanium oxide nanoparticles gave better results because of the increase in the surface area and optical or electromagnetic properties obtained when converting it to the range of nanoscale. Most interestingly, the addition of TiO2nanoparticles provided an improved ink that can carry out heat, humidity, oxygen, sunlight, and vibration for a long time, as indicated by the accelerated aging test. Thus, the prepared nano pigments of the TiO2phase could be applied in jobbing offset ink and commercial paper sheets as a promising and novel pathway.
Removal techniques of ammonia from drinking water and wastewater in Egypt and developing countries: a review study
Authors: Samy Reham , Abdelmonem Nabil , Ismail Ibrahim , Abdelghany Amr 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The ammonia pollution/contamination reveals at the inlet of drinking water treatment plants, especially on Northern coast of Egypt, due to the drainage of sewage and industrial wastes from factories along the Nile River, resulting in more neutralization that clogs inlet of water treatment plants. Ammonia causes many diseases; some of them lead to coma or death. Excess ammonia also causes the winter dam in North Egypt to force the drinking water treatment stations to stop operation because of the high pollution load. Therefore, many researchers removed ammonia from drinking water as it was limited to 0.5 ppm in the European association and WHO. In this review, a criticizing summary of researches work (1983-2021) is presented where removal of ammonia by physical (i.e. adsorption, air stripping, and membrane distillation), biological, and chemical (oxidation, struvite, photocatalyst, cold plasma) methods were reviewed.
Improving the Performance of Biological Tanks in Wastewater Treatment Plants by Modifying the Conventional Ceramic Aerator
Authors: Khalil Ahmed Sobhy , Sharshir Swellam 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The purpose of the article is to study the process of aeration of wastewater using an aerator with an air-lift effect to ensure a uniform distribution of the concentration of suspended solids in the aeration tank of the model installation. Based on the result of the work carried out, experimental data were obtained and a theoretical description of the parameters of the aeration process, which increase the coefficients of mass transfer and the use of the reactor volume, and the costs of the process. The airlift effect increases the concentration of sludge. The airlift also helps in the spread of suspended solid in the tank, as mass transfer reactions during aeration increase by an average of 11.8%. Also, an increase in dissolved oxygen concentration from 3.02 mg / L to 3.5 mg / L, i.e., by 15%, which indicates an improvement in mass transfer and, accordingly, a decrease in energy consumption for aeration. However, the existing technological potential requires the introduction of variable equipment. An example of an alternative air dispersion system can be aerators with airlift effect.
Experimental and process design of a treatment system to remove Aluminium ions from lean sludge in an Egyptian water treatment plant
Authors: Samy Reham , Abdelghany Amr , Hanafy M. , Abdel Monem N. , El Bouraie Mohamed M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAluminium ions traces in drinking water were found in El Khanka Water Treatment plant in Egypt because of the lean sludge generated from Alum’s use in water treatment. This research studies using natural clay such as “bentonite” known as montmorillonite clay and combining bentonite – cationic polymer as coagulants to remove aluminium salts from lean sludge. Experimental studies were performed to determine the effect of adding bentonite on the removal of aluminium ions from lean sludge based on variation of pH. 98.8% removal of Al ions was achieved at pH 11, and 0.6 ppm concentration of bentonite in the sludge solution. Kinetic model of pseudo-second-order was found to be the best to describe the reaction and the rate constant of 11.922 mol.-1s-1was calculated. An industrial process was suggested to the removal of Aluminium ions and brief economic estimate of applying it in Egypt was prepared as well.
Influence of Chemical Treatment on the Spectral and Thermal Behavior of Activated Carbon Obtained from Olive Oil Solid Waste
Authors: elhelece Wael A A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Solid waste remained after the extraction of oil from olive oil fruits (OOSW), was used to obtain active carbon depending on chemical activation using H3PO4, KOH and ZnCl2 as activating agents. The changes in composition due to chemical treatment and pyrolysis were investigated by chemical analysis, spectral (IR), and thermal analysis (DTA). Thermodynamic parameters of formation (activation energy (ΔEa*), enthalpy change (ΔH*), entropy change (ΔS*) and free energy change (ΔG*) related to the thermal decomposition process were calculated. Adsorption of both iodine and methylene blue at very low concentrations were done, the quantity of the iodine adsorbed (iodine number) indicated the micropores content of carbon by the uptake of iodine from the solution. It is equivalent to surface area of carbon between 900m2/g and 1100 m2/g. To characterize activated carbons as well as determining the adsorption capacity adsorption of methylene blue was done.
Study of Elastomeric Heat Shielding Materials for Solid Rocket Motor Insulation
Authors: Mosa M , Mokhtar Kotb M. , Fouda H , Gobara Mohamed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Thermal insulation of solid rocket motor casing is necessary to overcome the catastrophic breakdown during the rocket propellant combustion. In our study, a comprehensive review on different types elastomeric heat shielding materials (EHSMs) such as polyurethane, silicon rubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and nitrile rubber was conducted. Various types of fillers are added to the EHSMs to enhance their thermal, mechanical and ablative performances. The charring phenomenon, which offers a means of protection to the virgin polymer layer from direct flame, as well as the synergetic effect, that may occur between fillers and polymer matrices, were studied. All different methods and machines used for manufacturing EHSMs are described in detail. Moreover, the different techniques used to characterize the EHSMs are discussed. Last but not least, the empirical models that relate the thermal insulation performance to the filler concentration are presented.
Spectrophotometric and biological studies for the interaction of rifaximin with Co, Cu, Fe and vitamin C
Authors: El-Kholany A. S. , Hafith H. A. , Gaber N. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The interaction of Rifaximin with Iron, Copper, Cobalt and Vitamin C was studied by Uv-Vis. spectrophotometric technique at different pH and time intervals. The maximum absorbance bands for Co, Fe and Cu rifaximin complexes were 446 nm, 397 nm and 241 nm respectively. The molar ratio method was used to the most stable stoichiometries for the prepared complexes. The yellow color that formed from the interaction of rifaximin with vitamin C, allowed its determination spectrophotometry. The antimicrobial activities of Iron, Copper and Cobalt complexes with Rifaximin against standard human pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram negative) using agar diffusion method were studied. Iron and Cobalt complexes were found to exhibit higher zone of inhibition against the tested pathogens while copper inhibit completely the effect of Rifaximin. The biological study for Rifaximin - Vitamin C mixture, vitamin C decreased the effect of the antibiotic on staphylococcus, and this inhibition effect increased on E-coli.
Solar-driven Photocatalyzed Hydrogen Production from Water cleavage: Evaluation and Process Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Ali Mohamed E.M. , Almutairi Mohammad M. , Mahmoud Mohamed S. , Ismail Ebrahim , Khawassek Yasser M. , Atrees Mohamed S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hydrogen is proper chemical storage for solar energy and is considered a green and non-pollution energy. The feasibility of solar-driven hydrogen generation from water cleavage is investigated using commercial TiO2 nanoparticles, and the process of life cycle assessment (LCA) is estimated. TiO2 is fully characterized. The results confirm the efficacy of TiO2 for solar-driven photocatalytic water splitting with the same production rate of H2. The maximum calculated photocatalytic rate of hydrogen over PC was 4.76 µmole/h under sunlight. As well the rate of produced H2 is dependent PC dose. There is a signification corelation between Kapp with PC dose with r2 of 0.96. Reaction rate constant for hydrogen production is significantly dependent concentration of TiO2. The outcome emphasized the practical application of solar-driven, cost-effective technology for production renewable energy. Also, LCA study of solar-driven H2 production is showed that higher carbon dioxide and as well as global warming potential with lower climatic change impact originated from operation of system.
Unconventional superconductivity after the BCS paradigm and empirical rules for the exploration of high temperature superconductors
Authors: Wen Hai-Hu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Superconducting state is achieved through quantum condensation of Cooper pairs which are new types of charge carriers other than single electrons in normal metals. The theory established by Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) in 1957 can successfully explain the phenomenon of superconductivity in many single-element and alloy superconductors. Within the BCS scheme, the Cooper pairs are formed by exchanging the virtual vibrations of lattice (phonons) between two electrons with opposite momentum near the Fermi surface. The BCS theory has dominated the field of superconductivity over 64 years. Many superconductors discovered in past four decades, such as the heavy Fermion superconductors, cuprates, iron pnictide/chalcogenide and nickelates seem, however, to strongly violate the BCS picture. The most important issue is that, perhaps the BCS picture based on electron-phonon coupling are the special case for superconductivity, there are a lot of other reasons or routes for the Cooper pairing and superconductivity. In this short overview paper, we will summarize part of these progresses and try to guide readers to some new possible schemes of superconductivity after the BCS paradigm. We also propose several empirical rules for the exploration of high-temperature unconventional superconductors.
Nematic pinning of the superconducting state in the doped topological insulator SrxBi2Se3
Authors: Smylie M P , Islam Z , Gu G D , Rosenkranz S , Dans J Z , Kwok W-K , Welp U 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The discovery of a rotational symmetry breaking, or nematic, state in the superconducting doped topological insulator MxBi2Se3 (M = Cu, Sr, Nb) indicates a multicomponent superconducting order parameter which is topological. Many questions remain in this family of materials. In particular, the nematic axis of twofold symmetry is always pinned along one of three rotationally equivalent directions in the threefold symmetric basal plane in the rhombohedral crystal. Crystallographic strain has been proposed as the origin of the choice of pinning axis. Here, we discuss nematic pinning of the superconducting state, summarizing our magnetotransport, magnetization, penetration depth, and calorimetry measurements, which support the theoretical picture of topological superconductivity. We discuss the impact of controlled disorder via proton irradiation on the nematic superconducting state and discuss results of our multimodal technique for searching for crystallographic strain below 1 K via simultaneous diffraction and magnetotransport measurements.
Electrical Transport and Magnetic Properties of High-Quality Sr
x
Bi2Se3 Single Crystals Obtained by Annealing
Authors: Matsumae T , Pyon S , Tamegai T 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Topological insulator Bi2Se3 becomes topological superconductors by doping Cu or Sr. These materials attract much interest because of the nematic state showing two-fold symmetry when the magnetic field is applied parallel to ab-plane. In this study, single crystals of Sr
x
Bi2Se3 (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) were grown by the self-flux method followed by annealing process, which improved superconducting properties. Using these high-quality samples, in-plane magnetic-field-angle dependence of resistivity was measured. The result showed two-fold symmetry and indicated the existence of nematic domains. In addition, magnetoresistance as a function of in-plane field direction was measured and is discussed with regard to crystal inhomogeneity. These results help us to perform future experiments of direct visualization of nematic domains.
Tracking the Meissner Hole and Relaxation of Magnetization in (Ba,Rb)Fe2As2
Authors: Ren T , Pyon S , Tamegai T 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We investigated the unstable interface between vortices and anti-vortices in single crystals of iron-based superconductors (Ba0.67Rb0.33)Fe2As2 (Tc
∼ 37.6 K). These interfaces, also known as the Meissner hole, were captured with magneto-optical imaging in both pristine crystal and one with artificial point defects. Local excess current were observed flowing along the interface. In addition, we confirmed that the creep mode of such an interface follows the prediction of the critical state model, accompanied with a finite relaxation rate of magnetization.
Sharp edged Gd2BaCuO5 particles addition effect on growth and properties of top-seeded melt-grown GdBa2Cu3O7-δ
bulk superconductors
Authors: Ishibashi Shinnosuke , Hagiwara Rikako , Naik Sugali Pavan Kumar , Ogino Hiraku , Pęczkowski Paweł , Ishida Shigeyuki , Eisaki Hiroshi , Sakai Naomichi , Oka Tetsuo , Nishio Taichiro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We report on top-seeded melt growth of GdBa2Cu3O7-δ
(GdBCO) bulks added by sharp edged Gd2BaCuO5 nanoparticles (Gd211U) refined by ultrasonication. GdBCO bulks mixed with 30 mol.% of Gd211U were examined to be grown isothermally at different temperatures in a range of 1015 °C−1035 °C using a top-seeded melt growth technique. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show that all samples become superconducting and especially samples grown at 1020°C and 1025°C have a maximum superconducting transition temperature (T
c) of 94.5 K. The critical current density (J
c) obtained from magnetic hysteresis loops for magnetic fields parallel to the c-axis is up to 65100 A/cm2 (the self-field at 77 K) for a sample grown at 1025 °C, while J
c of a GdBCO bulk with conventional Gd211 particles grown at 1025 °C for comparison is 29000 A/cm2 (the self-field at 77 K).