bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helmet Use Among Two-Wheeler Riders’ Road Accident Victims in Benin
Authors: Hounkpè Dos Santos Bella , Kpozehouen Alphonse , Glèlè Ahanhanzo Yolaine , Daddah Donatien , Levêque Alain , Coppieters Yves 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
In Benin, some riders of two-wheeled vehicles still do not wear helmets, the main protection against head injuries in road accidents. The objective of this study is to describe the characteristics of two-wheeled users, and to determine the factors influencing helmet use among this group.

Methods
This is a prospective cross-sectional study of 977 two-wheeled road accident victims from a cohort. Proportions or means were calculated for the different variables. Statistical comparisons were made to test the association with helmet use. Logistic regression modelling was performed to identify factors associated with helmet use.

Results
Among all subjects, 81.1% [CI95% (78.5; 83.4)] wore a helmet. Factors explaining helmet use were female gender (OR = 2.8 [1.3–6.1]), purpose of trip (OR = 1.7 [1.1–2.6]), possession of health insurance (OR = 3.7 [1.3–10, 5]), having been driving for 15–20 years (OR = 2.6 [1.4–4.7]) or more than 20 years (OR = 3.4 [2.0–5.8]), good road conditions (OR = 3.1 [2.0–4.8]), and good visibility (OR = 1.9 [1.3–3.1]).

Conclusion
The factors influencing helmet use are gender, reason for travel, length of time as a driver, possession of health insurance, conditions, and visibility of the road on which the subject are driving. These factors are related to experience and appropriation of the notion of risk, but also related to the environment. To increase helmet use among two-wheelers, helmet awareness should take into account the individual factors found in this study. Enforcement actions should be strengthened, and the quality of the roads improved.
Cholestasis and Pulmonary Hypertension in Neonatal Thyrotoxicosis: A Case Report
Authors: Hantash Ehab Mohamed , Anwar Manar Hany , Naqvi Syeda , Alzubyania Maha Musri , Al Zahrani Abdulrahman Abdullah 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNeonatal thyrotoxicosis is mostly caused by the transplacental passage of maternal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibodies (TRAb) to the fetus. Although rare and transient, this condition may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed and treated in an appropriate and timely manner. Anti-thyroid drugs are the main therapy. Here, we report a preterm newborn that presented with two uncommon presentations of neonatal thyrotoxicosis, cholestasis and pulmonary hypertension that significantly improved following the administration of anti-thyroid medications.
Usability Evaluation of in-Vehicle AR-HUD Interface Applying AHP-GRA
Authors: Yunuo Cheng , Xia Zhong , Min Ye , Liwei Tian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUsability is regarded to be a fundamental requirement for in-vehicle HMIs, and usability evaluation reflects the impact of the interface and the acceptance from the users. This study introduced a usability evaluation model of AR-HUD interface by applying grey analytic hierarchy process (AHP). First, based on the ameliorated PSSUQ (Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire), the usability evaluation system was modified and optimized according to the characteristics of AR-HUD. On this basis, the preference weights for evaluation indexes were calculated by AHP and the idea of group decision. Finally, the criteria of usability were integrated into grey relational degree by applying grey relational analysis (GRA) to obtain optimal design. A case study was conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the developed model to the usability evaluation of AR-HUD interface design. According to the existing AR-HUD interface design, 7 dimensions of design elements (A-G) and 18 interface prototypes (S1-S18) were selected by Taguchi orthogonal array test (TOAT). As the results indicated, the grey relational degree of S5 was 0.923, signifying that it was the optimal sample; and the results were also compared with entropy-TOPSIS to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. The grey-based AHP evaluation model can be used to evaluate the usability level of AR-HUD interface effectively, which may help designers achieve insights for design process and samples decision-making.
Prognostic Significance of Admission Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio in Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Qin Jie , Qiu Xingchen , Gong Guangming , Guo Yinan , Lei Lei , Zheng Huaixin , Wang Peng , Xuan Xiaoyan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) is a morbid and deadly form of stroke. The lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) are two novel markers of systemic inflammation. We aimed at investigating the predictive value of LMR and SII in patients with sICH.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated patients who were hospitalized for sICH at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from September 2019 to July 2020. According to the 3-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, we considered a good prognosis group (mRS: 0–2) and a poor prognosis group (mRS ≥ 3 or death). A logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors affecting the prognosis at 3 months.

Results
A total of 171 patients with sICH were enrolled. A lower LMR measured at 24 h of admission was an independent predictor of 3-month prognosis (OR: 0.392, 95% CI 0.281–0.547, p < 0.001). A lower GCS score measured at 24 h after admission was an independent predictor of 3-month prognosis (OR: 0.821, 95% CI 0.747–0.902, p = 0.023). A previous heart disease was an independent predictor of 3-month prognosis (OR: 6.307, 95% CI 1.381–30.196, p = 0.021). SII measured at 24 h of admission was not an independent predictor of 3-month prognosis. Combining the results obtained by each indicator, the final curve showed an AUC of 0.850, indicating a satisfactory predictive performance. The receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the sensitivity of LMR was 93.07% (95% CI 86.2–97.2), while the specificity was 52.86% (95% CI 40.6–64.9). The sensitivity of GCS score was 76.77% (95% CI 67.2–84.7), while the specificity was 60.29% (95% CI 47.7–72.05). The sensitivity of SII was 91.09% (95% CI 83.8–95.8), while the specificity was 37.14% (95% CI 25.9–49.5). The DeLong test showed that the predictive value of LMR was higher than SII (p = 0.0001).

Conclusions
In patients with sICH, LMR showed an independent predictive value for anticipating 3-month prognosis.
Who's cheating on your survey? A detection approach with digital trace data
Authors: Munzert Simon , Ramirez-Ruiz Sebastian , Barberá Pablo , Guess Andrew M. , Yang JungHwan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this note, we provide direct evidence of cheating in online assessments of political knowledge. We combine survey responses with web tracking data of a German and a US online panel to assess whether people turn to external sources for answers. We observe item-level prevalence rates of cheating that range from 0 to 12 percent depending on question type and difficulty, and find that 23 percent of respondents engage in cheating at least once across waves. In the US panel, which employed a commitment pledge, we observe cheating behavior among less than 1 percent of respondents. We find robust respondent- and item-level characteristics associated with cheating. However, item-level instances of cheating are rare events; as such, they are difficult to predict and correct for without tracking data. Even so, our analyses comparing naive and cheating-corrected measures of political knowledge provide evidence that cheating does not substantially distort inferences.
Preservation of Membrana Testacea in titanosaurid dinosaur eggshells from the Upper Cretaceous Deccan volcano-sedimentary strata of Central India
Authors: Lourembam Ranjit Singh , Dhiman Harsha , Prasad Guntupalli VR 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe calcitic eggshell units of amniote eggs are underlain by a soft organic layer, the Membrana Testacea (MT), which has a mesh-like texture consisting of fibrils of organic material. Because of its soft anatomy, the MT is rarely preserved in fossils and only a few fossil reports of MT are known so far. Here we report the preservation of a mineralized MT layer in titanosaur eggshells recovered from a marlstone facies interbedded with the Deccan lava flows exposed near Piplanarayanwar village of Chhindwara District, Madhya Pradesh state in Central India. The MT layer is mesh-like, resembling protein membranes of extant reptiles and the MT reported in titanosaurid eggshells of the Upper Cretaceous Anacleto Formation at Auca Mahuevo, Argentina. The presence of tendrils and fibres of calcite in the MT layer testifies to the fact that the calcium layer represents the original fibrous MT. It also supports the view that fossilization of soft tissues like MT is possible because of the inferred anaerobic conditions that prevailed during the deposition of Piplanarayanwar intertrappean sediments in lacustrine or paludal bodies in a coastal-plain setting.
Idiosyncrasy as a Leading Indicator
Authors: Morck Randall , Yeung Bernard , Zhang Lu Y. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDisequilibrating macro shocks affect different firms’ prospects differently, increasing idiosyncratic variation in forward-looking stock returns before affecting economic growth. Consistent with most such shocks from 1947 to 2020 enhancing productivity, increased idiosyncratic stock return variation forecasts next-quarter real GDP growth, industrial production growth, and consumption growth both in-sample and out-of-sample. These effects persist after controlling for other leading economic indicators.
‘You had to be the Detective’: Implementing Workfare in British Employment Services
Authors: Redman Jamie , Fletcher Del Roy , White Richard , Mccarthy Lindsey 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBritish employment service delivery has shifted towards a model primed on core ‘workfare’ objectives – that is, enforcing behavioural compliance to work-related duties and expanding participation in work. Nevertheless, significant gaps remain in current knowledge about how workfare is implemented daily by frontline staff. The existing international street-level research on employment service delivery reveals how workers use a range of discretionary practices to achieve workfare objectives. Yet this research largely ignores how, in practice, a key aspect of enforcing behavioural compliance and encouraging work participation is through contending with its opposite – behavioural non-compliance. Analysing 13 interviews with frontline staff, this article contributes to street-level knowledge by revealing the ways managers and workers in British employment services are encouraged to detect and correct variations of claimant non-compliance.
The development and efficacy of a paediatric cardiology fellowship online preparatory course
Authors: Motonaga Kara S. , Sacks Loren , Olson Inger , Balasubramanian Sowmya , Chen Sharon , Peng Lynn , Feinstein Jeffrey A. , Silverman Norman H. , Hanley Frank L. , Axelrod David M. , Krawczeski Catherine D. , Arunamata Alisa , Kwiatkowski David M. , Ceresnak Scott R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground:The transition from residency to paediatric cardiology fellowship is challenging due to the new knowledge and technical skills required. Online learning can be an effective didactic modality that can be widely accessed by trainees. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of a paediatric cardiology Fellowship Online Preparatory Course prior to the start of fellowship.Methods:The Online Preparatory Course contained 18 online learning modules covering basic concepts in anatomy, auscultation, echocardiography, catheterisation, cardiovascular intensive care, electrophysiology, pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, and cardiac surgery. Each online learning module included an instructional video with pre-and post-video tests. Participants completed pre- and post-Online Preparatory Course knowledge-based exams and surveys. Pre- and post-Online Preparatory Course survey and knowledge-based examination results were compared via Wilcoxon sign and paired t-tests.Results:151 incoming paediatric cardiology fellows from programmes across the USA participated in the 3 months prior to starting fellowship training between 2017 and 2019. There was significant improvement between pre- and post-video test scores for all 18 online learning modules. There was also significant improvement between pre- and post-Online Preparatory Course exam scores (PRE 43.6 ± 11% versus POST 60.3 ± 10%, p < 0.001). Comparing pre- and post-Online Preparatory Course surveys, there was a statistically significant improvement in the participants’ comfort level in 35 of 36 (97%) assessment areas. Nearly all participants (98%) agreed or strongly agreed that the Online Preparatory Course was a valuable learning experience and helped alleviate some anxieties (77% agreed or strongly agreed) related to starting fellowship.Conclusion:An Online Preparatory Course prior to starting fellowship can provide a foundation of knowledge, decrease anxiety, and serve as an effective educational springboard for paediatric cardiology fellows.
The Genie and the Lamp: How Can Artificial Intelligence Help Us Find New Case Law?
Authors: Magrath Paul 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBased on a presentation given at the BIALL Annual Conference in July 2022, this article by Paul Magrath provides an overview of how technology including artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming legal practice and the conduct of litigation, followed by more detailed consideration by way of a case study of ICLR's development of its AI-driven search tool, Case Genie. The article examines the problems that it was designed to solve, particularly the legal researcher's anxiety over ‘unknown unknowns’, and the options for further development of the technology and its application in other areas.
Autoplaying, Unmuting, Attending: (Re)formatting the Twenty-First-Century Digital Sensorium
Authors: HARPER PAULA 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this article, I analyse the implications of autoplaying video as a driver of ‘audile techniques’ in the 2010s digital ecosystem – in particular, techniques that respond to the realities of the separability of image and sound, even in media that contain both elements. I then examine a number of strategies through which this audio/visual split has been negotiated, monetized, and creatively bridged by consumers, creators, and corporate personnel – from the creation of new audiovisual genres and aesthetics, to the rise of particular platform pricing models, to the adoption (and, potentially, exploitation) of accessibility features. Ultimately, I seek to show how negotiations of sound and listening factor deeply into contemporary attempts to harness and monetize ‘attention’ as a commodity in a digital economy of platforms, advertisements, and data.
‘Exchanging Cuba for 1 Million YouTube Views’: Technological Precarity, Offline Virality, and ‘Patria y vida’
Authors: LEVINE MIKE 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFor many Cubans, the internet remains an inaccessible destination. The residents of repartimiento districts – Black Cuban residents from outlying districts across Havana – manage the situation through custom solutions that bridge gaps of technological precarity. Utilizing USB drives to share content with one another, artists and music fans have constructed a complex, alternative internet that allows for the peer-to-peer trade of movies, music, and other media. Pirate digital networks such as el paquete semanal and Zapya, for instance, circulate music across the island without the need to rely on costly and unreliable internet infrastructure. Utilizing interviews, physical and digital ethnographies, and theories of viral musicking, I argue that Black Cuban artists and music fans, despite internet scarcity, use alternative networks to generate viral events. In particular, Cubans in 2021 joined in a transnational expression of sonic protest through the popularity of the politically subversive song ‘Patria y vida’, a song that circulated widely through underground, USB-based networks. In this article, I discuss the song's construction, circulation, and role in sounding the J-11 Cuban protests to demonstrate how Black Cuban artists and fans share music through USB-based networks not only to solve gaps in technologically precarious situations, but also to generate powerful moments of viral musicking.
Anitta's ‘Girl from Rio’, Digital Fatigue, and Stereotype
Authors: GOLDSCHMITT K. E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn May 2021, Brazilian pop-funk superstar Anitta released ‘Girl from Rio’. The song was based on the melodic foundation of the bossa nova song ‘The Girl from Ipanema’ that became a huge international hit at the end of the 1960s bossa nova craze. ‘Girl from Rio’ features trap beats on top of the familiar melody with a clear lyrical message that critiques international stereotypes of women from Brazil. When Anitta attempted to capture the US market through TikTok and a high-profile remix, much of her critique disappeared. This article employs the concept of ‘digital fatigue’ to explore how viral musical content loses crucial aspects of its meaning through circulation and endless embodied repetition. By focusing on how the repetition of viral musical media perpetuates stereotypes, it shows how the environment for transnational success requires easy associations to spread.
A MAVEN Case Study of Radial IMF at Mars: Impacts on the Dayside Ionosphere
Authors: Fowler C. M. , Hanley K. G. , McFadden J. , Halekas J. , Schwartz S. J. , Mazelle C. , Chaffin M. , Mitchell D. , Espley J. , Ramstad R. , Dong Y. , Curry S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe solar wind interaction with Mars controls the transfer of energy and momentum from the solar wind into the magnetosphere, ionosphere and atmosphere, driving structure, and dynamics within each. This interaction is highly dependent on the upstream Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) orientation. We use in‐situ plasma measurements made by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission to identify several prominent features that arise when the IMF is aligned approximately parallel or antiparallel to solar wind flow (conditions known as “radial IMF”). In particular, solar wind protons and alphas are observed to directly penetrate down to periapsis altitudes, while the magnetic barrier forms deep within the dayside ionosphere. The MAVEN observations are consistent with either an ionopause‐like boundary or diamagnetic cavity forming beneath the barrier, as a consequence of the dense cold ionosphere and the absence of significant crustal magnetic fields at this periapsis location. The planetary ions above the magnetic barrier are exposed to solar wind flow and subsequent mass‐loading. The (convective electric field or “ion pickup”) force is weak and highly variable during radial IMF. While wave particle interactions and subsequent wave heating contribute to incorporating the heavy planetary ions into the solar wind flow, the solar wind momentum is not fully deflected around the obstacle and is delivered into the collisional atmosphere. Significant ion heating is observed deep within the dayside ionosphere, and observed ionospheric density and temperature profiles demonstrate that these ion energization mechanisms drive significant erosion and likely escape to space.
Effective Path Length for Estimating Rain Attenuation Over an Earth‐Space Path Using Features of Stratiform and Convective Precipitation at a Tropical Location
Authors: Rakshit Gargi , Maitra Animesh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe effective path length (LE) for the rain attenuation estimation over the Earth‐space path depends on rain cell size, rain rate, and rain height which in turn are determined by the types of rain. The present study examines the variation of LE based on the experimental measurements of Ku‐band attenuation and rain rate at a tropical location Kolkata (22°34′N, 88°22′E) in comparison with the ITU‐R. The study also utilizes measurements from a 24‐GHz micro rain Doppler radar to differentiate the precipitation types as stratiform and convective rain on the basis of the presence and absence of a melting layer. Power‐law models of LE in terms of rain rate are proposed for convective and stratiform types of rain. The investigation reveals the physical phenomena behind the variability of LE at low and high rain rates which are associated with stratiform and convective rain respectively. The proposed models provide a significantly better agreement with the experimental data compared to the ITU‐R model and also account for distinguishing features of two types of rain, thus giving a physical basis of the proposed model which is not reflected in the ITU‐R formulations.
The divergent effects of astrocyte ceruloplasmin on learning and memory function in young and old mice
Authors: Li Zhong-Da , Li Haiyan , Kang Shaomeng , Cui Yan-Ge , Zheng Huiwen , Wang Peina , Han Kang , Yu Peng , Chang Yan-Zhong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCeruloplasmin (CP) plays an important role in maintaining iron homeostasis.Cpgene knockout (Cp-/-) mice develop a neurodegenerative disease with aging and show iron accumulation in the brain. However, iron deficiency has also been observed in 3 MCp-/-mice. The use of systemicCpgene knockout is insufficient to reveal specific functions for CP in the central nervous system. Considering recent discoveries that astrocytes synthetize the majority of brain CP, we generated astrocyte conditionalCpknockout (CpGfapcKO) mice, and found that iron contents decreased in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of young (6 M) and old (18 M)CpGfapcKOmice. Further experiments revealed that 6 MCpGfapcKOmice exhibited impaired learning and memory function, while 18 MCpGfapcKOmice exhibited improved learning and memory function. Our study demonstrates that astrocyticCpdeletion blocks brain iron influx through the blood-brain-barrier, with concomitantly increased iron levels in brain microvascular endothelial cells, resulting in brain iron deficiency and down-regulation of ferritin levels in neurons, astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes. At the young age, the synapse density, synapse-related protein levels, 5-hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine, hippocampal neurogenesis and myelin formation were all decreased inCpGfapcKOmice. These changes affected learning and memory impairment in youngCpGfapcKOmice. In oldCpGfapcKOmice, iron accumulation with aging was attenuated, and was accompanied by the alleviation of the ROS-MAPK-apoptosis pathway, Tau phosphorylation and β-amyloid aggregation, thus delaying age-related memory decline. Overall, our results demonstrate that astrocyticCpdeletion has divergent effects on learning and memory function via different regulatory mechanisms induced by decreased iron contents in the brain of mice, which may present strategies for the prevention and treatment of dementia.