bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haemophilia's Heartland: Pain, Poverty and Patient Care in Faisalabad
Authors: Yaqoob Eesha , Aftab Shiza , Shah Noor‐ul‐Ain , Sahitia Nimirta , Javed Saad 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionHaemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder that causes significant pain and disability. Haemophilia A and B are the most common, with HemA affecting more men and being four times more prevalent.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in Faisalabad, Pakistan, to assess pain severity in haemophilia patients based on sociodemographic factors and management approaches. Data were collected through structured interviews and analysed using SPSS version 27.0, examining associations between variables and pain severity.ResultsA sample of 200 patients was selected from the 800 registered patients at a haemophilia treatment centre (HTC) in Faisalabad. All participants had severe haemophilia, with 65.5% residing in rural areas. Severe pain was reported by 58% of patients, with higher prevalence among rural residents (35% vs. 22.5% urban, p = 0.004) and those with monthly income below Rs. 15,000 (21%, p < 0.001). Plasma transfusion significantly reduced severe pain risk (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.42–0.83, p = 0.003), while self‐management methods increased it (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.06–3.02, p = 0.03). Distance from treatment centres significantly impacted pain severity, with 21.5% of patients living within 10–50 miles reporting severe pain. Management practices significantly influenced patient outcomes (p < 0.001).ConclusionPatients face significant pain management challenges owing to sociodemographic factors, low income and limited access to specialized care. Addressing these gaps requires early diagnosis, better access to treatment centres and multidisciplinary pain management strategies. While geographic and economic barriers are considered, future research should include detailed data on rural healthcare quality, assimilate longitudinal data and delve into the links between mental health, pain severity and treatment ease of access.
Investigation of the Relationship Between Self‐Management and Kinesiophobia in Haemophiliac Individuals Experiencing Intra‐Articular Bleeding
Authors: Çiftci Akan Dilan , Uğur Mehmet Can , Oksel Esra 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis study aims to examine the relationship between self‐management skills and kinesiophobia in haemophilia patients. The findings of the study may contribute to the development of strategies that can help haemophilia patients overcome their fear of movement and improve their quality of life (QoL).AimThis study is planned to examine the relationship between disease self‐management in haemophiliac individuals and kinesiophobia that may arise from intra‐articular bleeding associated with haemophilia.MethodsIn this study, both descriptive and analytical research was conducted on individuals who are members of patient associations. Patient Identification Form, Chronic Disease Self‐Management Scale and Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia were used as data collection tools. Data were collected face to face. Descriptive statistics methods (mean, standard deviation) were used in the evaluation of study data. Quantitative data comparisons were made with the Student's t‐test for normally distributed parameters and the Mann–Whitney U test for non‐normally distributed parameters. When there were more than two groups, One‐Way ANOVA was used, and in advanced analyses, linear regression analysis was used.ResultsA positive correlation was found between the ‘self‐stigmatization’ subdimension of the Chronic Disease Self‐Management Scale and kinesiophobia. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between healing compliance and kinesiophobia levels. Flexibility in healing cracks was found in the reduction of kinesiophobia.ConclusionSelf‐management of the disease in hemophilic individuals affects compliance with treatment, kinesiophobia, activity level and QoL.
Temperature‐controlled synthesis of bismuth tungstate with enhanced photochromic properties
Authors: Kayhan Emine 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study explores the photochromic properties of bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6) synthesized via a solid‐state method at various temperatures (300°C–1000°C) to optimize light‐responsive behavior for potential applications. The Bi2WO6 samples, prepared from tungsten oxide (WO3) and bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) through heat treatment, were analyzed using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV‐Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV‐DRS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. XRD results revealed the formation of the Bi2WO6 phase at higher temperatures, while the Bi14W2O27 phase, formed at 400°C–500°C, exhibited an oxygen‐deficient structure enabling significant color shifts. Band gap analysis showed that samples synthesized at 400°C and 500°C had a lower band gap (2.63 eV) compared to those prepared at higher temperatures, suggesting enhanced electronic properties due to oxygen vacancies. SEM images showed nanoscale crystal facets in the 400°C and 500°C samples, which facilitated effective sunlight excitation and stable color changes. Under sunlight exposure, these samples transitioned from yellow to greenish brown within 5 min, quickly reaching color saturation, while samples synthesized at higher temperatures showed minimal photochromic response. This work is the first to report on the photochromic properties of Bi2WO6 synthesized through solid‐state methods, highlighting the role of oxygen vacancies, reduced band gap, and nanoscale morphology on enhancing photochromic performance.
Better off alone? Artificial intelligence can demonstrate superior performance without clinician input
Authors: Kovoor Joshua , Tyagi Daksh , Hopkins Ashley , Gorcilov James , Stretton Brandon , Gupta Aashray , Bacchi Stephen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRecent studies challenge the assumption that human–artificial intelligence (AI) collaboration is universally optimal, highlighting tasks where AI alone outperforms combined efforts. This viewpoint discusses the reasons behind these findings, explores influences on synergy and emphasises the importance of identifying when clinicians add net benefit to AI performance. Maximising patient outcomes may require accepting AI autonomy in certain scenarios within healthcare practice.
Regulating the field‐induced AFE‐FE transition in NaNbO3 from the perspective of powder surface energy
Authors: Wang L. G. , Guan Z. H. , Zhang Q. , Wang M. S. , Zhu C. M. , Yu G. B. , Wang R. , Cui H. , Jiang X. L. , Su X. F. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSodium niobate (NaNbO3, NN) has drawn growing attention for its wide application in engineering fields due to the room‐temperature antiferroelectric phase with an orthorhombic Pbcm space group, which is generally known as the P phase. However, a ferroelectric Q phase is commonly induced out of P phase under the applied electric field leading to a coexistence of these two phases. Accordingly, this irreversible transition reported in previous literature causes the unobservable double polarization hysteresis loops of NN at ambient conditions. Thus, it has significant implications in investigating the formation of ferroelectric or antiferroelectric phase and the corresponding field‐induced transition. Herein, the content ratio of P/Q phase in polycrystalline NN ceramics is effectively regulated from the perspective of powder surface energy, through adjusting the ball‐milling time during solid‐state reaction process. Moreover, the physical mechanism of field‐induced transition is explored based on analyzing the room‐temperature ferroelectric properties and the in situ Raman spectra with varying electric field. This work provides feasible strategy of modulating the inversion between ferroelectric and antiferroelectric phases in NN. The analysis of theoretical results can facilitate further design of NN‐based materials for actual application in technologies.
The Vulnerability of AI‐Based Scoring Systems to Gaming Strategies: A Case Study
Authors: Baldwin Peter , Yaneva Victoria , North Kai , Ha Le An , Zhou Yiyun , Mechaber Alex J. , Clauser Brian E. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRecent developments in the use of large‐language models have led to substantial improvements in the accuracy of content‐based automated scoring of free‐text responses. The reported accuracy levels suggest that automated systems could have widespread applicability in assessment. However, before they are used in operational testing, other aspects of their performance warrant examination. In this study, we explore the potential for examinees to inflate their scores by gaming the ACTA automated scoring system. We explore a range of strategies including responding with words selected from the item stem and responding with multiple answers. These responses would be easily identified as incorrect by a human rater but may result in false‐positive classifications from an automated system. Our results show that the rate at which these strategies produce responses that are scored as correct varied across items and across strategies but that several vulnerabilities exist.
Treatment of Submucous Alveolar Cleft With Hard‐ and Soft‐Tissue Reconstruction in the Aesthetic Zone: A Case Report
Authors: Niu Li , Wang Yujia , Zu Cancan , Zhao Junjie , Ouyang Yuanyuan , Zhong Shengwei , Lei Lang , Li Houxuan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis case report offers information on accurate diagnostic and soft‐ and hard‐tissue reconstruction periodontal surgery deal with “black triangles” in the aesthetic zone of anterior teeth caused by submucous alveolar cleft, which is rare and easily overlooked.Clinical ConsiderationsVertical and horizontal bone augmentation was conducted via guided tissue regeneration and alveolar bone grafting (ABG) at the cleft site where favorable bone grafting conditions were absent. A customized, vascularized interpositional periosteal‐connective tissue (VIP‐CT) flap was applied as the barrier membrane to maintain the stability of bone replacement graft and provide soft‐tissue foundation for gingival papilla growth. Adjustment on the contact point position of the anterior teeth and the shapes of crowns induced growth of the gingival papillae with resin restoration. The radiological and clinical parameters, and smiling photographs demonstrated a satisfactory treatment outcome.ConclusionsWhen the inflammation and local alveolar bone destruction in the anterior area are disproportionate, submucous alveolar cleft should be considered a potential etiology. Surgical treatment combined with resin restoration substantially improved the affected area.Clinical SignificanceThe hard‐ and soft‐tissue defects can be improved through ABG and VIP‐CT flap in a single surgery.
Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Endosymbiotic Ciliates (Peritrichia, Mobilida) of Marine Invertebrates with Descriptions of Two Novel Species Urceolaria clepsydra n. sp. and Urceolaria bratalia n. sp.
Authors: Martinez Gabrielle , Leander Brian S. , Park Eunji 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMobilid ciliates are a morphologically distinct group of protists that form a wide range of symbiotic relationships with aquatic animals and includes three subgroups: Trichodinidae, Urceolariidae, and Polycyclidae. Trichodinids are best known for infecting fishes, whereas urceolariids infect diverse marine invertebrates. Polycyclidae was established for mobilid ciliates infecting sea cucumbers; however, molecular data have been unavailable for this group. In this study, we discovered and characterized two novel mobilid species, one infecting two species of sea cucumbers (Eupentacta quinquesemita and Cucumaria miniata) and one infecting brachiopods or lamp shells (Terebratalia transversa) collected from the Northeast Pacific Ocean. These new mobilid species were characterized at the morphological level using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We also inferred the molecular phylogenetic positions of these species using small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequences. Based on combined morphological and molecular data, we demonstrate that the two new species belong to Urceolaria, U. clepsydra n. sp. and U. bratalia n. sp., and support synonymization of Polycycla with Urceolaria. By providing the first molecular data from new species of mobilids infecting sea cucumbers and brachiopods, we expand the host range and improve our knowledge of this diverse but poorly understood group of symbionts.
Efficacy and Safety of Once‐Daily Roflumilast Cream 0.05% in Pediatric Patients Aged 2–5 Years With Mild‐to‐Moderate Atopic Dermatitis (INTEGUMENT‐PED): A Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Eichenfield Lawrence F. , Serrao Rocco , Prajapati Vimal H. , Browning John C. , Swanson Lisa , Funk Tracy , Gonzalez Mercedes E. , Hebert Adelaide A. , Lee Mark , Boguniewicz Mark , Simpson Eric L. , Seal Melissa S. , Krupa David , Hanna Diane , Snyder Scott , Burnett Patrick , Chu David H. , Almaraz Erin , Higham Robert C. , Berk David R. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground/ObjectivesEfficacy and safety of roflumilast cream 0.15% were demonstrated in patients aged ≥ 6 years with atopic dermatitis (AD) in two Phase 3 trials. This Phase 3 parallel‐group, double‐blind trial (INTEGUMENT‐PED; NCT04845620) compared the efficacy and safety of roflumilast cream 0.05% and a vehicle in patients aged 2–5 years with AD.MethodsPatients aged 2–5 years with mild‐to‐moderate AD were treated with once‐daily roflumilast cream 0.05% or vehicle for 4 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was Validated Investigator Global Assessment for AD (vIGA‐AD) Success (0 [Clear] or 1 [Almost Clear] plus ≥ 2‐grade improvement from baseline) at Week 4. Other endpoints included ≥ 75% improvement in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI‐75) and Worst Itch‐Numeric Rating Score (WI‐NRS) Success (≥ 4‐point improvement in patients with baseline ≥ 4). Safety and tolerability were also assessed.ResultsAmong 437 and 215 patients treated with roflumilast and vehicle, respectively, significantly greater proportions of the roflumilast group achieved Week‐4 vIGA‐AD Success (25.4% vs. 10.7%; p < 0.0001), EASI‐75 (39.4% vs. 20.6%; p < 0.0001), and WI‐NRS Success (35.3% vs. 18.0%; nominal p = 0.0002). Improvement in pruritus was observed within 24 h after the first application (nominal p = 0.0014). Treatment‐emergent adverse event (TEAE) rates were low in both groups, and 98.9% were mild or moderate. At all timepoints, stinging/burning that caused definite discomfort was reported by ≤ 0.7% of caregivers of patients in the roflumilast group.ConclusionsIn this Phase 3 trial, once‐daily roflumilast cream 0.05% improved AD signs/symptoms in patients aged 2–5 years, with early pruritus improvement, low AE rates, and local tolerability comparable with vehicle.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04845620
Effectiveness of Psychosocial Interventions in Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders: A Meta‐Analysis Study
Authors: Helvacı Çelik Fatma Gül , Bayrak Nurten Gülsüm , Uzun Sevda 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAlcohol and substance use disorders (ASUD), are increasing worldwide, and these psychiatric disorders are difficult to treat. The search for new treatments for these disorders continues. Psychosocial interventions (PI) are among them, and it is important to evaluate their effectiveness. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of PI applied to individuals with ASUD. This meta‐analysis was conducted by searching PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, and YOK Thesis Center databases without year restrictions between October and December 2023. After reviewing the studies, 18 research articles were included in the analysis. The meta‐analysis revealed that PI applied to individuals with ASUD were effective in reducing depression (SMD: −0.753, 95% CI: −1.215 to −2.91; I2 = 94.515; p < 0.05) and enhancing self‐efficacy (SMD: 0.709, 95% CI: 0.096–1.321; I2 = 93.34; p < 0.05). However, these interventions were not found to be effective in improving self‐esteem (SMD: 0.655, 95% CI: −1.641 to 0.331)
Significance of land management practices under haskap orchards to mitigate the degradations of soil organic carbon stocks and soil health because of land use changes from forest and grassland
Authors: Brahma Biplab , Hammermeister Andrew , Lynch Derek , Smith Peter , Nath Arun Jyoti 
Published: February 2025

AbstractManaging the impact of land use change (LUC) in soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil health is imperative while climate change (CC) and food security are in concern. Land management practices in major land uses play a vital role in maintaining SOC concentrations and soil health. Haskap is one of the fastest growing berry orchards in Canada, covering around 0.1 Mha. Therefore, the present study has been conducted in two different haskap orchards established after replacing forest and grassland, respectively. The shallow (S) and furrow (F) tilling as tillage management and control (Cn) and compost + fertilizer (CF) as nutrient management have been incorporated in the present study to explore the effect of different land use management practices on soil properties. The estimated loss of SOC stocks because of LUC from forest to haskap for 0–10 and 10–30 cm soil depth is around 40% and 50%, respectively. However, around a 20% increase in SOC stocks has been estimated while the grassland was replaced by the haskap orchard. Moreover, under Cn nutrient management, the F tillage showed a 50% gain in SOC stocks over S tillage, but under CF nutrient management, the S tillage showed at least 25% higher SOC stocks over F tillage management. The CF nutrient management showed a significant effect on AC stocks estimated to be 31% higher than that under Cn management. The C:N ratio for 0–10 and 10–30 cm soil depths is significantly influenced by the LUC. However, the management induced in the present study does not have any significant influences on the C:N ratio. The present study suggests that the conversion of grassland soils into haskap orchards could play a significant role in SOC stocks management. Moreover, S tillage and F tillage with nutrient management under haskap orchards could be viable management options to improve soil carbon sequestration in upper and lower soil depths, respectively, by maintaining the N content in the soil.
Reduction in Length of Hospital Stays for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem‐Cell Transplantation in the Letermovir Era
Authors: Hosoi Hiroki , Tane Misato , Okamura Tadashi , Tabata Shotaro , Wan Ke , Murata Shogo , Mushino Toshiki , Nishikawa Akinori , Sonoki Takashi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn recent years, letermovir has been routinely used for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection prophylaxis in patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation (HSCT). The reduction effect of letermovir on CMV infection rates and the impact on survival have been studied, but other potential benefits of letermovir remain underexplored.MethodsThis retrospective study included patients who underwent first‐time allogeneic HSCT between October 2013 and August 2023. We compared the length of hospital stay between eras before and after the introduction of letermovir (“nonletermovir group” and “letermovir group,” respectively). Secondary outcomes included clinically significant CMV infection rates and hospitalization costs.ResultsA total of 59 patients were analyzed in the nonletermovir group and 65 patients in the letermovir group. The median length of hospital stay was 51 days in the nonletermovir group and 42 days in the letermovir group (p < 0.001). Among standard‐risk disease patients, the letermovir group also had significantly shorter hospital stays (p = 0.0048). Additionally, the cumulative incidence of clinically significant CMV infection and grade II–IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease were both lower in the letermovir group. Hospitalization costs were not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionThe length of hospital stays after HSCT was observed to be shorter following the introduction of letermovir in this study. This reduction in hospital stays did not decrease hospitalization costs in relation to allogeneic HSCT, but it may alleviate the burden on both patients and healthcare providers.
DNA methylation dynamics in gymnosperm duplicate genes: implications for genome evolution and stress adaptation
Authors: Huang Kai‐Yuan , Feng Yuan‐Yuan , Du Hong , Ma Chang‐Wang , Xie Dan , Wan Tao , Feng Xiu‐Yan , Dai Xiao‐Gang , Yin Tong‐Ming , Wang Xiao‐Quan , Ran Jin‐Hua 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARYDuplicate genes are pivotal in driving evolutionary innovation, often exhibiting expression divergence that offers a system to investigate the role of DNA methylation in transcriptional regulation. However, previous studies have predominantly focused on angiosperms, leaving the methylation patterns in major lineages of land plants still unclear. This study explores DNA methylation evolution in duplicate genes across representative gymnosperm species with large genomes, spanning over 300 million years, using genomic, transcriptomic, and high‐depth DNA methylomic data. We observed variations in DNA methylation levels along gene bodies, flanking regions, and methylation statuses of coding regions across different duplication types. Biased divergences in DNA methylation and gene expression frequently occurred between duplicate copies. Specifically, methylation divergences in the 2‐kb downstream regions negatively correlated with gene expression. Both CG and CHG DNA methylation in gene bodies were positively correlated with gene length, suggesting these methylation types may function as an epigenomic buffer to mitigate the adverse impact of gene length on expression. Duplicate genes exhibiting both methylation and expression divergences were notably enriched in adaptation‐related biological processes, suggesting that DNA methylation may aid adaptive evolution in gymnosperms by regulating stress response genes. Changes in expression levels correlated with switches in methylation status within coding regions of transposed duplicates. Specifically, depletion for CG methylation or enrichment for non‐CG methylation significantly reduced the expression of translocated copies. This correlation suggests that DNA methylation may reduce genetic redundancy by silencing translocated copies. Our study highlights the significance of DNA methylation in plant genome evolution and stress adaptation.
Draft genome sequences of
Salmonella
recovered from organic and conventional retail chickens in Maryland, USA
Authors: Punchihewage-Don Anuradha J. , Chen Zhao , Meng Jianghong , Parveen Salina 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequences of 94 multidrug-resistant
Salmonella
isolates (
S
. Infantis, Enteritidis, and Typhimurium) from organic and conventional retail chickens in Maryland, USA (average genome size = 4.97 Mb; guanine–cytosine content = 52.12%). These isolates harbored diverse antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes,
Salmonella
pathogenicity islands, and plasmids, highlighting potential public health risks.