bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Storage of Potato Tuber Explants and Subsequent Plant Regeneration
Authors: Silva George H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Isolated tuber explants of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. ‘Russet Burbank’) were stored in a modified White’s medium at 24°C under a photon flux density of 25 μmol s-1m-2 in a 14-hr photoperiod for 18 months. The explants turned green, but no further visible changes occurred during the period of storage. The stored explants showed no decline in totipotency compared to the fresh explants when transferred to a modified Murashige and Skoog medium. Preliminary indications suggest that this relatively simple storage technique has the potential to be an alternative to cryopreservation of potato germplasm.
The Relationship of Leaf Iron to Chlorosis of Tolmiea menziesii
Authors: Smith Morris W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tolmiea menziesii plants are recognized as being Fe inefficient plants. Under intense production practices, Fe related chlorosis develops rapidly resulting in a loss of production. Tissue levels of Fe have not been determined for chlorotic or nonchlorotic plants. A study was undertaken to determine leaf Fe concentration of chlorotic and nonchlorotic Tolmiea menziesii plants and to establish a tentative minimum critical foliar Fe level.
“Respiration and Weight Changes of Easter Lily Flowers during Development”
Authors: Wang Yin-Tung , Breen Patrick J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the article “Respiration and Weight Changes of Easter Lily Flowers during Development” by Yin-Tung Wang and Patrick J. Breen [HortScience 19(5):702-703] the captions for the 2 graphs were reversed
Biosynthesis and Action of Ethylene
Authors: Fa Yang Shang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ethylene is a plant hormone which regulates many aspects of growth, development, and senescence (1). Depending upon where and when ethylene occurs, it may be beneficial or harmful to harvested horticultural crops. Efficient postharvest technology therefore requires the ability to control ethylene effects to suit our practical needs. Before ethylene can exert such responses, it has to be biosynthesized by the plants or supplies from external sources. As in the case of other hormones, ethylene is thought to bind to a receptor, forming an activated complex which in turn triggers the primary reaction. The primary reaction then initiates the chain of reactions, including modification of gene expression, and leading to a wide variety of physiological responses (Fig. 1). Thus, there are 4 levels of manipulation we can use to regulate ethylene responses: (a) control the level of ethylene in the tissue by addition or removal of ethylene, (b) regulate the level of ethylene in the tissue by stimulating or inhibiting ethylene biosynthesis, (c) modify the binding characteristics of ethylene to the receptor, or modify the amount of the receptor, and (d) manipulate the ethylene-dependent gene expression.
Ethylene and Abscission
Authors: Reid Michael S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Abscission (Latin: ab-from, scindere- to cut or sunder), is the process by which plants shed lateral organs. The fundamental event in all abscission is the secretion of enzymes which hydrolyze the cellulose “exoskeleton” and the pectin “cement” of the cells in the abscission zone. This hydrolysis often is accompanied by ingenious mechanisms to assist removal of the abscising organ. The early appearance of these processes in the fossil record (6) is evidence of the strong evolutionary advantage to plants of shedding organs, whether it be the removal of leaves to avoid snow load or drought stress, or the shedding of fruit or seeds to ensure their dispersal and continuation of the species.
Effect of Triacontanol on Yield and Fruit Composition of Spring-harvested ‘Tangi’ and ‘Dover’ Strawberries
Authors: bin Hashim Osman , Lundergan C. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Triacontanol (1-hydroxytriacontane) applied as a foliar spray or soil drench to ‘Tangi’ and ‘Dover’ strawberries (Fragaria xananassa Duch.) did not affect total yields when applied at 0.1 - 5.0 mg/liter. Fresh fruit weight was increased significantly when triacontanol was applied at 2.00 mg/liter. Soluble solids, pH, solids:acid ratio, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content, and internal color of fruit were not affected by triacontanol.
Relationship between Juice and Flesh Calcium during Apple Fruit Development
Authors: Gang-Li Li , Dennis F. G. , Dewey D. H. , Krauskopf D. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The ionic Ca content of expressed apple juice conceivably could be used to estimate the total calcium content of fruit flesh. To evaluate this method, samples of 2 strains of ‘Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) were analyzed at 2- to 3-week intervals, from 4 weeks after full-bloom until full-maturity. Ionic Ca in the juice (juice Ca) was analyzed with a selective electrode, total Ca in the flesh (flesh Ca) with a plasma emission spectrophotometer. The correlation coefficient between calcium concentration in flesh vs. juice was very low during the early stages of fruit development, but increased to +0.758 (significant at P<0.0l) for samples collected 5, 3, and 0 weeks prior to fruit maturity. The correlation was generally significant at P<0.01 when all sampling dates were used (r = 0.734 for ‘Miller Spur’, +0.928 for ‘Starking’, and +0.831 for both strains). The calcium concentration in juice samples taken within 35 days of physiological fruit maturity paralleled the calcium concentration in the flesh on any given date, but was not a reliable predictor of flesh Ca concentration in fruit harvested 2 to 3 weeks thereafter.
Effect of Chemical Thinners on ‘Delicious’ Apple Trees Previously Sprayed with GA4+7 + BA
Authors: Greene Duane W. , Lord William J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fruit thinning by a postbloom spray of 1-naphthyl n-methycarbamate (carbaryl) or naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was not increased by a previous full bloom spray of gibberellin A4+7 (GA4+7) plus 6-benzylamino purine (BA). Chemical thinning generally increased return bloom but not fruit size. GA4+7 + BA consistently increased the fruit L/D ratio, showed no effect on fruit size or seed number, and these responses were not altered by the chemical thinners. Overall responses were similar for trees treated either one or 2 consecutive years with GA4+7 + BA and chemical thinners. Response to treatment was similar among strain of ‘Delicious’ and did not vary with tree age.
Wholesale and Retail Losses in Grapefruit Marketed in Metropolitan New York
Authors: Ceponis M. J. , Cappellini R. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Losses in white- and red-flesh grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) retailed in metropolitan New York during 1981-83 were 3.6%. There was no difference between the 2 types of fruit. Florida-grown grapefruit had a retail cullage loss of 3.5%. No significant difference in loss occurred between store-prepackaged and loose fruit during retail. Parasitic diseases were responsible for almost half of the culls; rind breakdown and mechanical damage accounted for most of the remainder. Sampling at the wholesale level revealed a potential cullage of 1.4%.
‘Allgold’ and ‘Goldilocks’ Peaches
Authors: Moore J. N. , Rom Roy C. , Brown Stanley A. , Sistrunk William A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the Cultivar and Germplasm Release article “‘Allgold’ and ‘Goldilocks’ Peaches” by J.N. Moore, Roy C. Rom, Stanley A. Brown, and William A. Sistrunk [HortScience 19(6):891–892, 1984], the captions of Figures 2 and 3 were reversed. The selection test numbers given in the text for these cultivars (‘Allgold’ = A-142; ‘Goldilocks’ = A-15) are correct.
The Effects of Sludge, Bed, and Genotype on Carrot and Cucumber Flavor
Authors: Harrison Helen C. , Staub Jack E. , Simon Philipp W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sensory analysis was performed on 3 advanced hybrid carrot (Daucus carota L.) selections, and the genetically nonbitter cucumber hybrid ‘County Fair’ (Cucumis sativus L.). The crops were grown in field plots of silt loam amended with 90 MT/ha of industrial or municipal sludge and a control with no sludge application. The 3 bed types used were a ground level bed, a 15-cm raised bed, and a 15-cm raised bed of unamended topsoil over prepared ground bed (overcover bed). Carrots produced in industrial sludge-amended soil and raised bed had the harshest, least desirable flavor. Cucumbers grown in raised and overcover beds produced the most bitter fruit.
Transplanting Leafed-out Bare Root Dogwood Liners
Authors: Askew James C. , Gilliam Charles H. , Ponder Harry G. , Keever Gary J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine if one-year-old field-grown Cornus florida L. seedlings could be transplanted successfully after leafing out. Survivability was improved with 100% defoliation at the time of planting. Vapor Gard used as a shoot dip and a whole plant dip had little positive effect. Root dips of a starch-based polymer and a peat and water slurry were not beneficial.
Reducing Decay in Fresh Blueberries with Controlled Atmospheres
Authors: Ceponis M. J. , Cappellini R. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Freshly harvested blueberry fruit (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) were held for 7 or 14 days at 2°C under constant atmospheres of CO2 in air or with 2% O2, under 2% O2 alone or in normal atmosphere. When the berries were removed from the controlled atmospheres and held for 3 days at 21°, the CO2-enriched atmospheres of 10%, 15%, or 20% significantly inhibited decay development for 1-2 days. The higher CO2-enriched atmospheres generally were more effective. The 2% O2 atmosphere alone was ineffective and did not enhance the CO2 treatment.
Carbohydrates in the Apple Tree: Effects Associated with Pruning and Deblossoming
Authors: Reich Lee 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Levels of carbohydrates in trunk plugs and dry matter distribution on 13-year-old ‘Imperial McIntosh’/Mailing (M) 26 apple trees were measured in response to deblossoming and dormant pruning treatments. Pruning alone decreased the concentration of starch by 58%. Pruning had no significant effect on total shoot or fruit dry weight. Deblossoming increased concentrations of sucrose and fructose and total shoot dry weight, but had no effect on the spur system dry weight. The decrease in starch concentration due to pruning was offset by deblossoming, whereas the increase in fructose level due to deblossoming was offset by pruning. None of the treatments affected combined concentrations of sorbitol and glucose, which were analyzed together.
Salinity Effects on Perennial Ryegrass Germination
Authors: Dudeck A. E. , Peacock C. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Total germination of 6 cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was unaffected by up to 10,000 ppm of salinity in the germination medium, but rate of germination decreased quadratically with increased salinity. No interactions of cultivar × salinity were found.
Effects of Container Dimension and Volume on Growth of Three Woody Ornamentals
Authors: Keever G. J. , Cobb G. S. , Reed R. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dwarf Burford holly (Ilex cornuta Lindl. & Paxt. ‘Burfordii Nana’), dwarf Japanese euonymus (Euonymus japonica Thunb. ‘Microphylla’), and ‘Hershey’s Red’ azalea (Rhododendron x sp.) were grown in containers in all combinations of 3 diameters (10.2, 15.2, and 20.3 cm) and 3 depths (7.6, 15.2, and 30.5 cm). Top growth of Burford holly, a species with coarse, lateral, and deep roots, increased as pot depth and width increased; root growth was increased in deep pots. Euonymus, a species with a densely branched, medium fine root system, increased in top growth as pot depth and width increased, although the response to pot depth was less than to width. Top growth of azalea, a fibrous and shallow-rooted species, increased as pot width increased but was not affected by pot depth. Root density of euonymus and azalea decreased as pot depth and width increased, whereas relative root depth of azalea was reduced in deep pots.
Transpiration in Hydrangea as Affected by Antitranspirants and Chlormequat
Authors: McDaniel G. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effects of several antitranspirant films and chlormequat on the reduction of severe wilting of Hydrangea macrophylla Thunb. during flower formation were studied. Chlormequat soil drenches at 150 mg/15 cm pot followed by antitranspirant applications when flower buds were 1st visible significantly increased leaf diffusive resistances and reduced transpiration. The hot water soluble polyvinyl alcohol, Elvanol, limited transpiration water losses up to 5 weeks when used in conjunction with chlormequat soil drenches. Application of antitranspirants before floral expansion avoids damage to florets, whereas chlormequat further reduces plant transpiration when hydrangea are subject to severe wilting.
‘Shawnee’ Blackberry
Authors: Moore J. N. , Sistrunk W. A. , Buckley J. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Shawnee’ is the 4th in a series of erectgrowing, productive, high-quality blackberry cultivars developed in the breeding program of the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. Previous cultivars released are ‘Cherokee’ and ‘Comanche’ in 1974 (1, 2), and ‘Cheyenne’ in 1977 (3). All are adapted to machine harvesting for processing, and also are suitable for customer harvest operations and home garden use.
International Affairs: A Commitment Fulfilled
Authors: Thompson Anson E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the June 1982 issue of HortScience (2), Cecil Blackwell, Executive Director of the American Society for Horticultural Science, wrote a Viewpoint article strongly supporting an amendment to the ASHS By-Laws establishing an International Affairs Division. He emphasized that the Society's commitments to international horticulture were long-standing and that the purposes of the Society are to promote and encourage national and international interest in scientific research and education in horticulture throughout all its branches. The International Affairs Division officially was established by a vote of the Members at the 79th Annual Business Meeting of the Society held on 12 Aug. 1982 at Ames, Iowa.
Role of Calcium and Calmodulin in Plant Growth and Development
Authors: Poovaiah B. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The role of Ca as an intracellular messenger is beginning to be unraveled as a result of recent research on calmodulin, a ubiquitous protein that binds Ca ions and regulates various biochemical processes in plants. Experimental evidence suggests that certain cell functions in plants are regulated, in part, by Ca and calmodulin. Changes in cell wall rigidity, membrane permeability, and enzyme activation are known to influence various aspects of cell physiology and have a significant influence on the growth and development of plants. Deficiency of Ca is known to induce physiological disorders in fruit and vegetables. We hope that this article will stimulate further studies and provide new insights into how these problems may be controlled. The role of Ca ions in signal transduction and cell function is beginning to be understood at the molecular level, and we have embarked on a new phase of the old subject of mineral nutrition, especially as it applies to Ca and plant growth and development.
Change of Endogenous Growth Regulators during Storage of Dormant Corms of Spring-flowering Gladiolus
Authors: Hosoki Takashi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Corms of spring-flowering gladiolus (Gladiolus ×Tubergenii Hort.) stored at 30 °C sprouted earlier than those stored at 5°. Ethylene production peaked earlier, inhibitor levels decreased, and auxin-like substances increased more rapidly with corms stored at 30°. Cytokinins did not appear in corms stored at either 5° or 30° for 6 weeks, but appeared in corms at sprouting.
Keeping Quality of Ficus benjamina as Affected by Production Light Levels and Postproduction Light Quality and Level
Authors: Collins P. C. , Blessington T. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
F. benjamina L. were produced in a greenhouse shaded to provide a maximum natural light level of 400 or 800 μmol s-1m-2 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) for 5 months. Plants were held indoors for 12 weeks under incandescent (INC) or cool-white fluorescent (CWF) lamps at 10 μmol s-1m-2 or 20 μmol s-1m-2 for 12 hr/day. Leaf drop was substantially reduced and plant quality was increased when plants were produced under 800 μmol s-1m-2 or when plants were held indoors under 20 μmol s-1m-2 of light. Leaf loss in response to production light levels, postproduction light levels, and light source was different when measured over time. Dry weight was increased when plants were produced under 800 μmol s-1m-2. Chlorophyll content was increased in plants grown under 400 μmol s-1m-2 or held under CWF lamps.
Relationship between Fruit Size and Extractable Anthocyanin Content in Cranberry
Authors: Vorsa Nicholi , Welker William V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The relationship between fruit size and extractable anthocyanins was investigated in 6 cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) cultivars: Franklin, Ben Lear, Early Black, Crowley, Stevens, and Pilgrim. Extractable anthocyanins decreased linearly as fruit size, measured by fruit weight, of the sample increased. The relationship was especially apparent for dark-colored cultivars and the dark-colored berries within a cultivar. Results suggest that fruit size can contribute to the disparity between fruit color and extractable anthocyanins, and selection for larger-berried genotypes to increase yields may, concommitantly, reduce anthocyanin yield.
Identifying Superior Genotypes of Blueberry in Wild Populations
Authors: Pritts Marvin P. , Hancock James F. , Roueche Janet M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Several genotypes of Vactinium angustifolium were taken at random from 17 environmentally diverse sites in Michigan and transplanted to a common greenhouse environment. During the 2nd season of growth, genotypes from southern sites exhibited significantly greater numbers of inflorescence buds than northern sites. Genotypes from sites with low light levels exhibited greater numbers of inflorescence buds and flowers per bud than those from sites with high light levels. Genotypes from dry sites produced larger fruit than genotypes from wet sites. These data suggest that environments exist in which natural selection has favored horticulturally desirable traits.
Influence of NO3 and NH4 on Kjeldahl N, NO3-N, and Snapbean Pod Yield
Authors: Cosgrove D. C. , Benton Jones J. , Mills H. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A shift in the form of Ν in the nutrient solution to all NH4 after initial bloom significantly reduced pod yield as much as 50%, depending on the prebloom NO3/NH4 ratio. Pod yield was unaffected by prebloom NO3/NH4 ratio if at least half of the Ν in the nutrient solution was NO3, or if NO3 supplied all of the Ν during postbloom development. Therefore, for maximum pod yield, NO3 should be the primary Ν form supplied to snapbean plants after bloom. Kjeldahl Ν values were consistently high in the vegetative tissue with NH4 as the predominant Ν form, indicating that the use of Kjeldahl Ν values as an indicator of the Ν status of the plant in relationship to pod yield would be a misuse of this diagnostic tool without knowing the predominant Ν form being absorbed by the plant. The NO3 content in upper mature leaves at pod maturity was significantly correlated (r = 0.88***) to NO3 level applied, with a value of 7000 ppm in the leaves associated with highest pod yield. Total Ν (Kjeldahl Ν + NO3) of at least 5.50% in upper mature leaves at pod maturity was associated with highest pod yield.
Use of Cucumis sativus var· hardwickii Germplasm in Backcrosses with Cucumis sativus var. sativus
Authors: Staub J. E. , Kupper R. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hybrid and BC1 progenies from crosses among 3 inbred lines of Cucumis sativus var. sativus and 3 C. sativus var. hardwickii collections were evaluated for days to first flower, sex expression, leaf area of the 4th leaf, fruit length, diameter, length/diameter ratio, and number of fruit per plant. No consistent reciprocal differences were observed, suggesting lack of cytoplasmic and/or maternal control over these traits. F1 data reflected the dominance of var. sativus parental genes for days to first flower, leaf area of the 4th leaf, and the dominance of hardwickii genes for fruit number. Rate of progression towards the sativus recurrent parent for days to first flower, leaf area of the 4th leaf, fruit length, diameter, and number was rapid, approaching sativus characteristics in BC1. Atypical sex expression segregations in the BC1 may be associated with sex modifying genes which may govern daylength response.
Quality and Field Performance of Densely Packed Tomato Transplants during Shipment and Storage
Authors: Risse Lawrence A. , Kretchman Dale W. , Jaworski Casimir A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tomato transplants were packed 4 ways: 1) conventionally, 2) densely, 3) with soil adhering to the roots, and 4) moist plants with moist soil adhering to the roots. During transit from Georgia to Ohio, the temperature in those crates that were packed densely was 4° to 5°C higher than any of the other treatments. Furthermore, plant survival and subsequent yields in the field were reduced by packing too densely. When tomato transplants were stored at 10°, 16°, 21°, and 27° for 4 days, the percentage of dry matter in plant stems increased, and the survival of transplants decreased with increased storage temperature.
Evaluation of Allelism and Seed Set of Eight Stamenless Tomato Mutants
Authors: Nash Allan F. , Gardner Randolph G. , Henderson Warren R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Eight stamenless tomato mutants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were intercrossed in a half-diallel design to determine allelic relationships. Two allelic series were represented among the mutants. One series included sl, sl2, sl5, cs, and fl. The 2nd series included bn, sl?, and pms. No allelic interactions occurred between members of the 2 series. Fruit and seed set resulting from cross-pollinations varied greatly among the mutants. The stamenless types, with the exception of sl2, do not appear to be promising for use in producing hybrid tomato seed because of poor fruit and seed set.
Male Fertile and Male Sterile Cabbage, Broccoli, and Cauliflower Clubroot Resistant Breeding Lines
Authors: Chiang M. S. , Crête R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor., is a major disease of crucifers. The pathogen, which is highly mutable, can survive in the soil for many years, and often occurs in mixed races or populations (9). Of the several races that Williams (10) has identified, the most common and virulent one observed world-wide is race 2 (E.C.D. 16/02/31) (3) to which there are limited sources of resistance within the Brassica oleracea L. group. However, a number of cultivars and lines of rutabaga (B. napus L.) are resistant to P. brassicae race 2 (1). Therefore, in 1974, an interspecific hybridization program was initiated with the purpose of transferring the gene(s) responsible for resistance to P. brassicae race 2, from rutabaga (B. napus L.) to cabbage (B. oleracea L. ssp. capitata L.). Recently, we found that dominant genes from rutabaga responsible for resistance to both P. brassicae races 2 and 6 (E.C.D. 16/02/30) were transferred successfully to cabbage (5 and unpublished data). Both resistances were transferred later form resistant BC3 cabbages (Fig. 1) to broccoli (B. oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) and to cauliflower (B. oleracea L. var. bo-trytis L.). The single dominant gene inheritance to race 2 (5) should simplify the production of race 2-resistant F1 hybrids.