bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulating the Impact of Vehicle Speed on the Life of Bituminous Pavement
Authors: Imran Khan Muhammad , Yusrina Binti Zainal Abidin Siti , Hartadi Sutanto Muslich , Wong Fadhli , Bujang Mastura 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Due to the visco-elastic nature, the performance of flexible pavements depends on temperature and loading conditions. This study investigates the influence of different speeds of vehicle and binder type on stiffness modulus and the corresponding pavement life. The filed data was collected from the pavement section at Bukit Mertajam, Penang, Malaysia. The data were used to determine the stiffness of binder and corresponding stiffness of wearing and binder courses at different vehicle speeds (30, 50, 70 and 80 km/h) using analytical equations. The data of layer properties (stiffness and poison’s ratio) and axle loading (wheel load, tyre configuration) were incorporated in BISAR software to determine the horizontal tensile strain at bottom of binder layer and vertical compressive strain at top of subgrade. The strains were then used to predict pavement life passed on fatigue and rutting failure criteria. It was concluded that increasing the speed of the vehicle (from 30 km/h to 80 km/h) causes about 24% increase in stiffness modulus of wearing course. Similarly, asphalt mixture with Pen 80/100 grade bitumen has a lower stiffness modulus than Pen 60/70 grade bitumen. Furthermore, reducing vehicle speed (i.e., increasing loading time) causes a reduction in fatigue and rutting life of the pavement. Therefore, it is required to consider the speed of the vehicle while designing flexible pavement in addition to other mixed design considerations.
Performance-Driven Evaluation and Parametrical Design Approach for Sustainable Complex-Tall Building Design at Conceptual Stage
Authors: Alkhatib F H , Kasim N , Goh W I , Al-masoodi A H H 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Tall buildings with irregular forms are gaining popularity in creating the vertical city model, and they are designed and built today with the help of computational technologies. This paper aims to highlight the significant link between the architectural and structural conceptual design of tall buildings with irregular geometries by using performance-driven evaluation and parametric design approach at conceptual stage to develop a sustainable design. Initially the review of previous research shows how the form of tall building is be defined. Furthermore, the parametric design approach is investigated for generating alternative options to satisfy building aesthetic and structural performance criteria with the aid of aerodynamic optimization technicque to generate an optimum solution for decision-making at an early stage, as well as allowing modifications in the later stages of design, and making it possible to handle the design process in a repetitive manner. Finally, a framework is proposed where computational techniques are integrated and an effective collaboration between professional designers is achieved in order to produce an optimal complex-tall building conceptual design that is architecturally pleasing, structurally efficient, and environmentally sustainable.
A Review of Strength Performance of Empty Fruit Bunch as Replacement Material in Building Structures
Authors: Omar M F , Hamid N A A , Othman N H , Ayop S S , Sulaiman N 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecently, eco-friendly construction has become a hot topic. One of the concepts’ alternatives is the use of green natural resources. The oil palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) is a byproduct of the oil plantation, and its improper disposal can have a detrimental influence on the environment. Agricultural waste can be used as a replacement material in concrete, which is known as modified concrete. The material performance of modified concrete with partial waste material replacement must be comparable to that of ordinary concrete. As a result, the use of raw resources will be reduced indirectly, and the material will become a more sustainable construction material. This study presents the utilization of EFB natural fibre as an alternative building material. It demonstrates that research into employing EFB as alternative replacement material in concrete has yet to be discovered. EFB was primarily used to manufacture cement board, roof insulation, and cement bricks, among other things. As a result, future research should focus on expanding the use of these by-products in the building industry. Further research into the process of generating cost-effective adoption applications will be examined to build a sustainable environment by lowering negative environmental impact.
An Overview on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bamboo as a Natural Reinforcement in Concrete
Authors: Syazwani Saadun Nor , Majid Masni A. , Hanif Ismail Mohd , Hani Adnan Suraya 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Bamboo regained popularity as a reinforcement for concrete, especially in simple construction because of its high in tensile strength. Bamboo’s material that has a fast reproduction which increases its suitability to use as a sustainable source especially in construction works. However, when bio-based materials in general, and bamboo in particular, are expected to be used in construction, the sensitivity to moisture and their durability are usually questionable. Physical and mechanical properties bamboo should be improved by treated with chemical to prevent the bamboo from insects, pesticides and ensure the longevity of bamboo. Bamboo fibres are mainly used as a natural reinforcement in concrete that can minimize energy consumption, protect non-renewable natural resources, reduce pollution and maintain a healthy environment. Therefore, this study was to review and collect data for physical and mechanical properties of concrete containing bamboo as a natural reinforcement. The addition percentages of bamboo fibres 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%, used in the research were evaluated. Overall, the bamboo fibres as reinforced concrete for 1.0% to 1.5% are the best ratio of mix designation that have significant increase in compressive and tensile strength that tested and reviewed after 28 days of curing. Meanwhile, the density test for concrete is shown lower compared to the British Standard of steel as reinforced in concrete. The treated bamboo that used chemical treatment were improved the bonding strength and reduced water absorption more than 50% compared to the untreated bamboo. Form the review that have been done, bamboo as reinforces in concrete are suitable for lightweight construction building.
Effect of Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Eggshell Waste Powder on Compressive Strength and Heat of Hydration for Concrete
Authors: Meh K M F K , Jamellodin Z , Salleh N , Hamid N A A , Adnan S H 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The aim of the research is to use palm oil fuel ash (POFA) and eggshell waste powder (ESP) as OPC replacement in concrete. The effects of POFA-ESP on compressive strength and heat of hydration was investigated. These materials were sieved through 45 µm to obtained the similarly OPC particles. The cement replacement of 20% with POFA-ESP was considered. Based on optimum results, the mix proportion of POFA 10% + ESP 10% achieved the optimum compressive strength at 28 days. However, the OPC concrete had the highest compressive strength. In hydration reaction of concrete, the concrete incorporating of 10% POFA+10% ESP has recorded with the highest peak temperature, while the temperature of OPC concrete recorded lower than 10% POFA+10% ESP. It differs from the concrete containing 20% POFA, which has the lowest temperature gains when compared to OPC concrete. It has been observed that the POFA has a low CaO composition. It has been found that the POFA is known has a low composition of CaO. The higher CaO composition is known to have occurred in ESP. This led to higher calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2 produced during the hydration process and therefore did not control the heat released from the hydration temperature.
Preliminary Study of Sago Fine Waste as a Sand Replacement Material for Cement Brick
Authors: Hadi Izaan I , Suraya Hani A , Norhayati A.W. , Mohamad Hairi O , Zalipah J , Noor Azlina AH , Norhafizah S , Wimala Mia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper presented a preliminary results of utilization sago fine waste as a sand replacement material for cement bricks. Sago waste is a by-product of the extraction of sago starch. Usually, the bark is not utilized for other products and being dumped directly into the rivers or left for natural degradation. About 32,250 tons of sago bark waste annually. Sand however usually obtained by using machinery at the riverbank which greatly contribute to damaging the ecosystem of the river and contributing to global warming. For environmental protection and sustainable development, extensive research has been conducted on the production of bricks from waste materials. The replacement percentage of SFW are 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% with water content of 50% and 60%. Density, water absorption and compressive strength are the properties that have been investigated. From the results obtained, both density and compressive strength are decreasing as the percentages of SFW increasing. On the other hand, from the data of water absorption it was found that the percentage of water absorption of brick was increased correspond to the increasing percentages of the SFW. Based on the findings, the optimum brick properties are SFW1W0.6 with the strength 5.18 MPa that can be used as non-load bearing bricks and the optimum percentage of water absorption is at 13.33%. From this study, it was found that the replacement of sand by SFW give a significant impact on density, strength, and water absorption performance of concrete brick.
Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Circular Opening at Flexure Zone by Various Types of Fiber Reinforced Polymer
Authors: Hamid N.A.A , Salleh N , Ali N , Abdullah S.R , Adnan S.H , Jamellodin Z 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) beams containing circular opening at mid-beam span and strengthened using externally bonded Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) sheets, Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheets and Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) plates. The flexural behaviour including ultimate load, deflection, crack pattern as well as failure mode was investigated. Five RC beams with the dimensions of 1700 mm length and cross section of 200 mm x 250 mm with design concrete strength of 64 N/mm2 were tested under 4-points loading. The tested RC beams consists of solid beam as a control beam, unstrengthened RC beam with circular opening and strengthened RC beams with circular opening. The circular opening with ratio of 0.32 is classified as small opening with diameter of 80 mm was kept constant for all beam specimens. The inclusions of circular opening at the middle of beam span slightly decreased the ultimate load of beam about 6.2% compared to control beam. The reduction of stiffness was also experienced in RC beam with opening. The application of strengthening in beams with circular openings manages to regain the beam capacity about 17.5 to 22.6% higher than the unstrengthened RC beams with opening.
Surface Temperature Profile of Cement Mortar with Infiltrated Water
Authors: Dina Mariana , Anting Nickholas , John Meng Siang Alvin , Hazurina Nor , Sheikh Khalid Faisal , Prasetijo Joewono 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Leakage detection in concrete is one of interesting field materials engineering. The conventional approach such as using ultrasonic device, are only effective to identify the source due to piping burst. However, leakage due to crack and microcrack that presence in the concrete slab is hard to detect, and its effect only can be observed after long period of time. The objective of this paper is to investigate the temperature profile of mortar with infiltrated water. This experimental work is conducted by using a mortar with the size of 200 mm x 200 mm with the thickness of 50mm. The surface temperature was measured at the bottom part of the mortar, at five designated locations. The temperature measurement was recorded using data logger Graphtec GL200, for every 5 minutes, continuously for 6 hours. The results obtained that p-value of the surface temperature of the mortar surface was 0.3 greater than α = 0.05. Therefore, with 95% number of confident, the null hypothesis of the surface temperature was cannot be rejected. So, we confidently believe that there was enough evidence to accept the null hypothesis. Other than that, the correlation coefficient also found all of the correlation, R2 of the samples was positively strong in between ±0.05 to ±1. As a conclusion, the hypothesis of the experiment was accepted because there was no significantly difference between the surface temperature of the mortar.
Study of the Solid Waste Generation and Composition in Traditional Markets in the New Normal Era in Malang Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Hardianto Hardianto , Edwin Tjahjadi Martinus , Kurnia Sunaryo Dedy , Nyoman Sudiasa I 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The traditional market waste includes household waste. Handling of waste helps reduce the burden of Temporary Disposal Site (TPS). This study aimed to analyze the generation and composition of market waste as well as traders’ perceptions of health protocols in various market classes in Malang Regency. Calculation of the number of samples with the Slovin method. The method of measuring solid waste generation and composition is using SNI 19-3964-1994 for 8 consecutive days. Measurement of generation in weight/volume based on the source of solid waste. Waste sorting is based on the composition of the waste. The maximum market waste generation is in class 1 of 17.402 kg/m2/day in the vegetable stall, while the minimum waste generation is in class 3 of 0.01 kg/m2/day in the plastic stall. The composition of the existing waste is divided into 11 groups, namely compostable solid waste, paper, plastic, diapers, cloth, glass, wood, cans, metal, hazardous waste, and styrofoam. The results of the questionnaire showed that 75% of market traders have implemented the health protocol well.
Rainwater harvesting at place of worship: a case study in Australia
Authors: Hurayra M A , Rahman A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
There are several ways of preserving water covering technical, legal and cultural aspects. More recently, Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) has become one of the popular means of water-saving. A few studies on RWH system at place of worship have been undertaken; however, there has not been any detailed study in Australia. This research aims to explore how Islamic scripture can be used to promote water conservation among the Muslim community, specifically, this examines the feasibility of a RWH system at St Marys Islamic Centre, New South Wales, Australia where a RWH system is proposed to supplement mains water for regular uses such as washing, gardening, and socio-religious functions. Based on local daily rainfall data, a water balance model has been developed to estimate reliability of a RWH system at the proposed location. The preliminary result shows that for a 10 kL tank size, the average reliability of the proposed RWH system is 69% for 400 people. However, if the tank size increases, reliability also increases and therefore, higher tank size is needed at the proposed site. Finally, this result will be useful to understand the effects of Islamic motivation and RWH on water preservation. It is also expected that the outcomes of this research will promote water conservation in places of worship and community centres across Australia and other countries.
Application of Coastal Protection Structure for Mangrove Rehabilitation & Rejuvenation of West Coast Johor. Case Study: Tanjong Labuh, Batu Pahat, Johor.
Authors: Adib Mohammad Razi Mohd , Shalahuddin Adnan Mohd , Anjang Ahmad Mustaffa , Mohd Salleh Anuar , Mohd Bukari Saifullizan , Ali Saeed Abduh AlGheethi Adel , Mokhtar Arman 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Tanjung Labuh beach was a muddy beach along the Malacca Strait and the shoreline was the land-sea border. The shoreline has an irregular existence and shifts because of human activities and nature, resulting in erosion and sediment eradication on the shore. The aim of this study focuses on identify the coastline changes from the image taken by using drone and to analyse the data from the image by using ArcGIS mapping software and also to determine soil properties, coastal properties and analyse the movement of sediment transport. DJI Phantom 4 Pro (UAV) is a method used to identify the shoreline changes in study area. Measuring large-scale land recovered by land survey methods such as the complete station and GPS however demands a great deal of time and job investment. Analysis such as specific gravity, hydrometer test and sieve analysis will be carried out to obtain results on the characteristic of sediment for identified coastal erosion. The result shows during the low tide between November 2020 and May 2021 the shoreline changes are visible. This research would allow organizations or some other group to shed light on problems and the construction of this coastal structure can give a significant impact on the ecosystem of mangrove area.
Flood Analysis and Non-Structural Approach for Flood Protection in Sg. Kelantan
Authors: Fatihah Nor Azlan Shah Nurul , Wajihah Abd Hakim Nur , Salleh Md Noor , Ali Maisarah , Fairullazi Ayob Mohd , Sekaran Thayalam , Azmi Ismail Mohd , Zaki Mat Amin Mohd 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Flooding is categorized as a natural disaster that occurs due to various climatic and geophysical factors. Malaysia is a lucky country as it experiences a tropical climate and generally protected from extreme drought. However, the states located along the east coast of the Peninsular Malaysia such as Kelantan, Terengganu, and Pahang always experienced a heavy flood, especially during the monsoon season due to high intensity of rainfall. The objectives of this paper were to simulate Flood Hydrographs for Various Storm Duration by using Hydrologic Engineering Centre-Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS), to investigate the location of floodplain at the catchment area of Sg. Kelantan by using River Analysis System (HEC-RAS), to identify the non-structural approach that can reduce the rate of flood based on its topography. By using HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS software, the peak discharge from each rainfall stations for different average recurrence interval (ARI) were calculated. Various non-strctural measures to reduce the impacts of flood are discussed.
Statistical modelling of extreme temperature in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Ng J L , Chan K H , Md Noh N I F , Razman R , Surol S , Lee J C , Al-Mansob R A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Extreme temperature events bring significant effects on the environment and society. Consequently, investigating the best fit for extreme temperature data is important for hydrological study and event forecasting. The main aim of this study is to determine the best fit probability distribution for monthly and annual extreme temperatures. The maximum temperature data at monthly and annual time scales were obtained from MMD (Malaysia Meteorological department). The temperature data for 40 years were fitted to the 10 probability distributions for each station. The parameters of the distributions were estimated by the maximum likelihood method and L-moment method. Besides, three goodness of fit tests, namely Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S), Anderson-Darling (A2) and Chi-Squared Error (CSE) test were applied to evaluate the performances of the distributions. The best fit distribution was selected based on the lowest test scores from the summation of the three goodness of fit tests. The results of this study showed that Generalized Extreme Value distribution was selected as the best-fit distribution, followed by Log-Pearson 3, 3 Parameter Lognormal, Generalized Log Logistic and Gamma distributions. The results of this study can be used as a reference for development planners, agricultural sector, water management agencies in hydrological planning and disaster management.
Continuous variable multipartite entanglement in cascaded nonlinearities
Authors: Misra Goutam , Kumar Ashok 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Multipartite entanglement is the crucial requirement for quantum information processing, quantum computation, quantum communication and quantum sensing. Therefore, the generation and characterization of such entanglement are primary goals in quantum technologies. Here we theoretically study the multipartite continuous-variable quadrature entanglement generated by three symmetric cascaded nonlinear optical systems. Such cascaded systems allow us to study the bipartite, tripartite and quadripartite entanglement. We use different continuous-variable entanglement criteria to characterize the entanglement. We observe that only a few bipartite combinations show the entanglement out of all possible combinations, while most tripartite combinations are entangled. Interestingly such a system depicts a full quadripartite entanglement. Moreover, we show that, unlike the quadrature sum-variance entanglement criterion, the negative partial transpose criterion can show the entanglement in most cases. The present comprehensive analysis of the generation and characterization of the continuous-variable entanglement with cascaded systems would pave the way to realizing a complex quantum network.
Matrix product state pre-training for quantum machine learning
Authors: Dborin James , Barratt Fergus , Wimalaweera Vinul , Wright Lewis , Green Andrew G 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Hybrid quantum–classical algorithms are a promising candidate for developing uses for NISQ devices. In particular, parametrised quantum circuits (PQCs) paired with classical optimizers have been used as a basis for quantum chemistry and quantum optimization problems. Tensor network methods are being increasingly used as a classical machine learning tool, as well as a tool for studying quantum systems. We introduce a circuit pre-training method based on matrix product state machine learning methods, and demonstrate that it accelerates training of PQCs for both supervised learning, energy minimization, and combinatorial optimization.
Enhanced water oxidation reaction activity of Mn3O4 nanocrystals in an alkaline medium by doping transition-metal ions
Authors: Saraswathi P , Babu Anjaly , Ramarao S D , Uday Kumar K , Borkar Hitesh , Rajesh Ch , Kumar K Raghavendra 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Designing low-cost, Earth-abundant, and non-precious catalysts for electrochemical water oxidation reactions is particularly important for accelerating the development of sustainable energy sources and, further, can be fed to fuel cells. In the present work, we report the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity of a metal-oxide catalyst, Mn3O4, and study the effect of transition metal doping (Cu and Fe) on the OER activity of Mn3O4 in an alkaline medium. The Mn3O4 and transition metal (Cu and Fe) doped Mn3O4 catalysts were prepared using a hydrothermal reaction technique. Powder x-ray diffraction studies revealed that these compounds adopt a tetragonal spinel structure with an I41/amd space group, and this is further supported with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic measurements. These results are further supported by high-resolution transmission electron microscopic measurements. The electrochemical measurements of these catalysts reveal that the transition metal (Cu and Fe) doped Mn3O4 catalysts show better OER activity than pristine Mn3O4 (MO). The transition metal (Cu and Fe) doped Mn3O4 catalysts exhibit lower overpotential for the OER (η
MCO = 300 mV and η
MFO = 240 mV) than the MO (η
MO = 350 mV) catalyst. The better performance of Fe-doped Mn3O4 is further supported by turnover frequency calculations.