bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controllable fabrication of silver nanofilament for using as tip in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Phonrachom O , Pienpinijtham P , Sapcharoenkun C 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is a technique offering chemical information at a single molecule level as well as chemical fingerprints with nanoscale spatial resolution. Currently, TERS tip fabrication in terms of size, shape, and stability has still been challenged due to its low reproducibility. In this work, electron beam irradiation and chemical bath deposition (CBD) were used to create a silver nanofilament (AgNF) on an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip, and it was further used as a TERS tip. Conditions, i.e., accelerated voltage and irradiation time, in the electron beam irradiation with different Ag thin film thicknesses in the production of the AgNF tip were investigated. The highest density of AgNF of the TERS probe was achieved with 52.5×109 NF/cm2 by using an accelerated voltage of 20 kV and an irradiation time of 20 minutes. This study will pave the way for the use of the AgNF tip as the TERS tip.
Maxwell’s equations for a mechano-driven, shape-deformable, charged-media system, slowly moving at an arbitrary velocity field v(
r
,t)
Authors: Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The differential form of the Maxwell’s equations was first derived based on an assumption that the media are stationary, which is the foundation for describing the electro-magnetic coupling behavior of a system. For a general case in which the medium has a time-dependent volume, shape and boundary and may move at an arbitrary velocity field

v
(
r
,
t
)

and along a general trajectory, we derived the Maxwell’s equations for a mechano-driven slow-moving media system directly starting from the integral forms of four physics laws, which should be accurate enough for describing the coupling among mechano-electro-magnetic interactions of a general system in practice although it may not be Lorentz covarance. Our key point is directly from the four physics laws by describing all of the fields, the space and the time in the frame where the observation is done. The equations should be applicable to not only moving charged solid and soft media that has acceleration, but also charged fluid/liquid media, e.g., fluid electrodynamics. This is a step toward the electrodynamics in non-inertia frame of references. General strategies for solving the Maxwell’s equations for mechano-driven slowing moving medium are presented using the perturbation theory both in time and frequency spaces. Finally, approaches for the electrodynamics of moving media are compared, and related discussions are given about a few interesting questions.
Positivity of Riemann–Roch polynomials and Todd classes of hyperkähler manifolds
Authors: Jiang Chen 
Published: August 2022

For a hyperkähler manifold

X
X

of dimension

2
n

2n

, Huybrechts showed that there are constants

a
0

a_0

,

a
2

a_2

, …,

a

2
n

a_{2n}

such that

χ
(
L
)
=

∑

i
=
0

n

a

2
i

(
2
i
)
!

q
X

(

c
1

(
L
)

)

i

\begin{equation*} \chi (L) =\sum _{i=0}^n\frac {a_{2i}}{(2i)!}q_X(c_1(L))^{i} \end{equation*}

for any line bundle

L
L

on

X
X

, where

q
X

q_X

is the Beauville–Bogomolov–Fujiki quadratic form of

X
X

. Here the polynomial

∑

i
=
0

n

a

2
i

(
2
i
)
!

q

i

\sum _{i=0}^n\frac {a_{2i}}{(2i)!}q^{i}

is called the Riemann–Roch polynomial of

X
X

.

In this paper, we show that all coefficients of the Riemann–Roch polynomial of

X
X

are positive. This confirms a conjecture proposed by Cao and the author, which implies Kawamata’s effective non-vanishing conjecture for projective hyperkähler manifolds. It also confirms a question of Riess on strict monotonicity of Riemann–Roch polynomials.

In order to estimate the coefficients of the Riemann–Roch polynomial, we produce a Lefschetz-type decomposition of

t
d

1

/

2

(
X
)

\mathrm {td}^{1/2}(X)

, the root of the Todd genus of

X
X

, via the Rozansky–Witten theory following the ideas of Hitchin and Sawon, and of Nieper-Wißkirchen.
Mass spectrometry–guided discovery of new analogs of bicyclic phosphotriester salinipostin and evaluation of their monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitory activity
Authors: Kudo Yuta , Konoki Keiichi , Yotsu-Yamashita Mari 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Natural products containing the highly unusual phosphotriester ring are known to be potent serine hydrolase inhibitors. The long-chain bicyclic enol-phosphotriester salinipostins (SPTs) from the marine actinomycete Salinispora have been identified as selective antimalarial agents. A potential regulatory function has been suggested for phosphotriesters based on their structural relationship with actinomycete signaling molecules and the prevalence of spt-like biosynthetic gene clusters across actinomycetes. In this study, we established a mass spectrometry–guided screening method for phosphotriesters focusing on their characteristic fragment ions. Applying this screening method to the SPT producer Salinispora tropica CNB-440, new SPT analogs (4-6) were discovered and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. Previously known and herein-identified SPT analogs inhibited the activity of human monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), a key serine hydrolase in the endocannabinoid system, in the nanomolar range. Our method could be applied to the screening of phosphotriesters, potential serine hydrolase inhibitors and signaling molecules.
CPRiL: compound–protein relationships in literature
Authors: Qaseem Ammar , Günther Stefan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSummaryNewly discovered functional relationships of (bio-)molecules are a key component in molecular biology and life science research. Especially in the drug discovery field, knowledge of how small molecules associated with proteins plays a fundamental role in understanding how drugs or metabolites can affect cells, tissues and human metabolism. Finding relevant information about these relationships among the huge number of published articles is becoming increasingly challenging and time-consuming. On average, more than 25 000 new (bio-)medical articles are added to the literature database PubMed weekly. In this article, we present a new web server [compound–protein relationships in literature (CPRiL)] that provides information on functional relationships between small molecules and proteins in literature. Currently, CPRiL contains ∼465 000 unique names and synonyms of small molecules, ∼100 000 unique proteins and more than 9 million described functional relationships between these entities. The applied BioBERT machine learning model for the determination of functional relationships between small molecules and proteins in texts was extensively trained and tested. On a related benchmark, CPRiL yielded a high performance, with an F1 score of 84.3%, precision of 82.9% and recall of 85.7%.Availability and implementationCPRiL is freely available at https://www.pharmbioinf.uni-freiburg.de/cpril.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Structural cerebellar reserve positively influences outcome after severe stroke
Authors: Sadeghihassanabadi Fatemeh , Frey Benedikt M , Backhaus Winifried , Choe Chi-un , Zittel Simone , Schön Gerhard , Bönstrup Marlene , Cheng Bastian , Thomalla Götz , Gerloff Christian , Schulz Robert 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The concept of brain reserve capacity positively influencing the process of recovery after stroke has been continuously developed in recent years. Global measures of brain health have been linked with a favourable outcome. Numerous studies have evidenced that the cerebellum is involved in recovery after stroke. However, it remains an open question whether characteristics of cerebellar anatomy, quantified directly after stroke, might have an impact on subsequent outcome after stroke. Thirty-nine first-ever ischaemic non-cerebellar stroke patients underwent MRI brain imaging early after stroke and longitudinal clinical follow-up. Structural images were used for volumetric analyses of distinct cerebellar regions. Ordinal logistic regression analyses were conducted to associate cerebellar volumes with functional outcome 3–6 months after stroke, operationalized by the modified Rankin Scale. Larger volumes of cerebellar lobules IV, VI, and VIIIB were positively correlated with favourable outcome, independent of the severity of initial impairment, age, and lesion volume (P &lt; 0.01). The total cerebellar volume did not exhibit a significant structure-outcome association. The present study reveals that pre-stroke anatomy of distinct cerebellar lobules involved in motor and cognitive functioning might be linked to outcome after acute non-cerebellar stroke, thereby promoting the emerging concepts of structural brain reserve for recovery processes after stroke.
Chest pain workup in the presence of atrial fibrillation: impacts on troponin testing, myocardial infarction diagnoses, and long-term prognosis
Authors: Lancini Daniel , Greenslade Jaimi , Martin Paul , Prasad Sandhir , Atherton John , Parsonage William , Aldous Sally , Than Martin , Cullen Louise 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsPatients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with chest pain require evaluation for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Atrial fibrillation (AF) can lead to troponin (cTn) elevation in the absence of ACS. There is limited evidence informing the impact of AF on the diagnostic performance of cTn testing for the diagnosis of Type 1 myocardial infarction (T1MI), or the association between AF and long-term outcomes in this context.Methods and resultsThis study used the IMPACT and ADAPT study databases to compile a combined cohort of 3496 adults presenting to ED with chest pain between 2007 and 2014, with early cTn testing during ED workup. The mean age was 56.6 years, and 40.2% were female. Outcomes included adjudicated diagnoses for the index admission and mortality to 1-year after presentation. The specificity of initial cTn testing for T1MI diagnosis was lower for patients in AF compared with those not in AF (79.2% vs. 95.4%, P &lt; 0.001), largely due to a relative increase in Type 2 myocardial infarction diagnoses. Sensitivity for T1MI did not differ between patients with or without AF (88.5% vs. 91.5%, P = 0.485). AF was associated with increased 1-year mortality (10.4% vs. 2.3%, P &lt; 0.001), although this was not significant on multivariable analysis.ConclusionThe specificity of serial cTn testing for the diagnosis of T1MI in patients presenting to ED with chest pain is reduced in the presence of AF. Further studies are needed to establish whether optimised cTn thresholds for patients with AF can improve workup and outcomes.
Haemolysis resolution after transcatheter valve in valve within a prior mitral annuloplasty ring: a case report
Authors: Bhardwaj Bhaskar , Golwala Harsh , Song Howard K , Lantz Gurion , Chadderdon Scott , Zahr Firas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Transcatheter mitral valve in ring procedure has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative to re-do surgery among patients with failed mitral annuloplasty rings. Uncommonly, haemolysis presents as a complication after the percutaneous valvular procedures and often require aggressive measures to correct paravalvular leaks and mechanical collision.

Case summary
We report a case of an 82-year-old female who underwent a transcatheter valve in ring procedure (Edwards Sapien S3, Edwards Lifesciences) for symptomatic severe mitral regurgitation from a bioprosthetic annuloplasty ring failure complicated by acute haemolytic anaemia a week after the procedure manifesting as dark coloured urine, profound icterus, and acute renal injury. She was treated with a post-dilation balloon valvuloplasty leading to reduction in haemolysis, but the patient was readmitted with acute haemolysis episode again. At this time, a decision was made to perform a repeat valve in valve TMVR with a 29 mm S3 Edwards Sapien valve which led to a resolution of haemolysis.

Discussion
In this case, the leaflets of previously placed S3 valve sealed the blood flow through the valve frame thus diverting the blood flow away from the area of collision leading to resolution of haemolysis.
Temporal trends in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk among U.S. adults. Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2018
Authors: Chobufo Muchi Ditah , Singla Atul , Rahman Ebad Ur , Michos Erin D , Whelton Paul K , Balla Sudarshan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are a significant cause of disability and mortality. Study of trends in cardiovascular risk at a population level helps understand the overall cardiovascular health and the impact of primary prevention efforts.

Aims
To assess trends in the estimated 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk among U.S. adults from 1999–2000 to 2017–18 with no established cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods and results
Serial cross-sectional analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999–2000 to 2017–18 (10 cycles), including 24 022 US adults aged 40–79 years with no reported ASCVD. ASCVD risk was assessed using the pooled cohort equations (PCEs). There was a significant temporal decline in the mean 10-year ASCVD risk from 13.5% (95% CI, 12.5–14.4) in 1999–2000 to 11.1% (10.5–11.7) in 2011–12 (Ptrend &lt; 0.001) and to 12.0% (11.3–12.7) in 2017–2018 (overall Ptrend = 0.001), with the mean ASCVD risk score remaining stable from 2013–14 through 2017–2018 (Ptrend = 0.056). A declining trend in ASCVD risk was noted in females, non-Hispanic Blacks and those with income &lt;3 times the poverty threshold with Ptrend of &lt;0.001, 0.002, and 0.007, respectively. Mean total cholesterol and prevalence of smokers showed a downward trend (Ptrend &lt;0.001 for both), whereas type 2 diabetes and mean BMI showed an upward trend (Ptrend &lt; 0.001 for both).

Conclusions
The 20-year trend of ASCVD risk among NHANES participants 40–79 years, as assessed by the use of PCE, showed a non-linear downward trend from 1999–2000 to 2017–18. The initial and significant decline in estimated ASCVD risk from 1999–2000 to 2011–12 subsequently stabilized, with no significant change from 2013–14 to 2017–18. Mean BMI and prevalence of diabetes mellitus increased while mean serum cholesterol levels and prevalence of smoking declined during the study period. Our findings support invigoration of efforts aimed at prevention of CVD, including primordial prevention of CVD risk factors.
Rapid in vivo development of resistance to daptomycin in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium due to genomic alterations
Authors: Mollerup Sarah , Elmeskov Christine , Pinholt Mette , Sejersen Tobias S , Pedersen Martin S , Worning Peder , Frees Dorte , Westh Henrik 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Daptomycin is a cyclic lipopeptide used in the treatment of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm). However, the development of daptomycin-resistant VREfm challenges the treatment of nosocomial VREfm infections. Resistance mechanisms of daptomycin are not fully understood. Here, we analyzed the genomic changes leading to a daptomycin-susceptible VREfm isolate becoming resistant after 50 days of daptomycin and linezolid combination therapy. A total of seven isogenic VREfm isolates from the same patient (daptomycin-susceptible and daptomycin-resistant) were analyzed using Illumina whole genome sequencing, and two isolates were further characterized with Nanopore sequencing. One nonsynonymous SNP in the rpoC gene previously shown to harbor mutations in daptomycin-resistant VREfm was identified in the daptomycin-resistant isolates. Whole genome comparative analysis identified the loss of a 46.5 kb fragment, duplication of a 29.7 kb fragment, and integration of two plasmids upon acquisition of daptomycin resistance. Transmission electron microscopy showed similar alterations in cell morphology and cell wall structure as have previously been described in daptomycin-resistant E. faecalis.
Reversion is most likely under high mutation supply when compensatory mutations do not fully restore fitness costs
Authors: Pennings Pleuni S , Ogbunugafor C Brandon , Hershberg Ruth 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The dynamics of adaptation, reversion, and compensation have been central topics in microbial evolution, and several studies have attempted to resolve the population genetics underlying how these dynamics occur. However, questions remain regarding how certain features—the evolution of mutators and whether compensatory mutations alleviate costs fully or partially—may influence the evolutionary dynamics of compensation and reversion. In this study, we attempt to explain findings from experimental evolution by utilizing computational and theoretical approaches toward a more refined understanding of how mutation rate and the fitness effects of compensatory mutations influence adaptive dynamics. We find that high mutation rates increase the probability of reversion toward the wild type when compensation is only partial. However, the existence of even a single fully compensatory mutation is associated with a dramatically decreased probability of reversion to the wild type. These findings help to explain specific results from experimental evolution, where compensation was observed in nonmutator strains, but reversion (sometimes with compensation) was observed in mutator strains, indicating that real-world compensatory mutations are often unable to fully alleviate the costs associated with adaptation. Our findings emphasize the potential role of the supply and quality of mutations in crafting the dynamics of adaptation and reversal, with implications for theoretical population genetics and for biomedical contexts like the evolution of antibiotic resistance.
Allele-specific alternative splicing of Drosophila Ribosomal protein S21 suppresses a lethal mutation in the Phosphorylated adaptor for RNA export (Phax) gene
Authors: Garcia Eric L 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Genetic disruptions to the biogenesis of spliceosomal small-nuclear ribonucleoproteins in Drosophila cause wide-spread alternative splicing changes, including changes to the splicing of pre-mRNA for Ribosomal protein S21 (RpS21). Using a transposon mutant for the Phosphorylated adaptor for RNA export (Phax) gene, we demonstrate that changes in the splicing of RpS21 transcripts have a strong influence on the developmental progression of PhaxSH/SH mutants. Different alleles of the Drosophila RpS21 gene are circulating in common laboratory strains and cell lines. These alleles exhibit differences in RpS21 intron retention and splicing efficiency. Differences in the splicing of RpS21 transcripts account for prior conflicting observations of the phenotypic severity of PhaxSH/SH mutant stocks. The alleles uncover a strong splicing enhancer in RpS21 transcripts that can fully suppress the larval lethality and partially suppress the pupal lethality exhibited by PhaxSH/SH mutant lines. In the absence of the splicing enhancer, the splicing of RpS21 transcripts can be modulated in trans by the SR-rich B52 splicing factor. As PhaxSH/SH mutants exhibit wide-spread splicing changes in transcripts for other genes, findings here establish the importance of a single alternative splicing event, RpS21 splicing or intron retention, to the developmental progression of Drosophila.
Inflammation and Epigenetic Aging Are Largely Independent Markers of Biological Aging and Mortality
Authors: Cribb Lachlan , Hodge Allison M , Yu Chenglong , Li Sherly X , English Dallas R , Makalic Enes , Southey Melissa C , Milne Roger L , Giles Graham G , Dugué Pierre-Antoine 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Limited evidence exists on the link between inflammation and epigenetic aging. We aimed to (a) assess the cross-sectional and prospective associations of 22 inflammation-related plasma markers and a signature of inflammaging with epigenetic aging and (b) determine whether epigenetic aging and inflammaging are independently associated with mortality. Blood samples from 940 participants in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study collected at baseline (1990–1994) and follow-up (2003–2007) were assayed for DNA methylation and 22 inflammation-related markers, including well-established markers (eg, interleukins and C-reactive protein) and metabolites of the tryptophan–kynurenine pathway. Four measures of epigenetic aging (PhenoAge, GrimAge, DunedinPoAm, and Zhang) and a signature of inflammaging were considered, adjusted for age, and transformed to Z scores. Associations were assessed using linear regression, and mortality hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using Cox regression. Cross-sectionally, most inflammation-related markers were associated with epigenetic aging measures, although with generally modest effect sizes (regression coefficients per SD ≤ 0.26) and explaining altogether between 1% and 11% of their variation. Prospectively, baseline inflammation-related markers were not, or only weakly, associated with epigenetic aging after 11 years of follow-up. Epigenetic aging and inflammaging were strongly and independently associated with mortality, for example, inflammaging: HR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.27–1.56, p = 2 × 10−10, which was only slightly attenuated after adjustment for 4 epigenetic aging measures: HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.22–1.51, p = 7 × 10−9). Although cross-sectionally associated with epigenetic aging, inflammation-related markers accounted for a modest proportion of its variation. Inflammaging and epigenetic aging are essentially nonoverlapping markers of biological aging and may be used jointly to predict mortality.
The Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Standing Balance and Walking in Older Adults with Age-related Neurological Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Jun , Chen Yan , Gin Trenton , Bao Dapeng , Zhou Junhong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Considerable evidence showed that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can improve standing balance and walking performance in older adults with age-related neurological disorders. We here thus completed a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively examine such benefits of rTMS.

Methods
A search strategy based on the PICOS principle was used to obtain the literature in 4 databases. The screening and assessments of quality and risk of bias in the included studies were independently completed by 2 researchers. Outcomes included scales related to standing balance, Timed Up and Go (TUG) time, and walking speed/time/distance.

Results
Twenty-three studies consisting of 532 participants were included, and the meta-analysis was completed on 21 of these studies. The study quality was good. Compared to control, rTMS induced both short-term (≤3 days after last intervention session) and long-term (≥1 month following last intervention session) significant improvements in balance scales (eg, Berg Balance Scale), TUG time, and walking speed/time/distance (short-term: standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.26–0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.05–0.62; long-term: SMD = 0.40–0.47, 95% CI = 0.04–0.79) for both PD and stroke cohorts. Subgroup analyses suggested that greater than 9 sessions of high-frequency rTMS targeting primary motor cortex with greater than 3 000 pulses/wk can maximize such benefits. Only a few mild-to-moderate adverse events/side effects were reported, which were similar between rTMS and control group.

Conclusion
The results suggest that rTMS holds promise to improve balance and walking performance in older adults with age-related neurological disorders. Future studies with more rigorous design are needed to confirm the observations in this work.