bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explaining with Diagrams for Promoting Deeper Learning: School Practice to Integrate Knowledge Across Subjects
Authors: Uesaka Yuri , Kurosawa Tsubasa , Furuya Kazumasa , Yanagimoto Shigeru , Liu Mengshi , Shiba Satomi , Uchida Nao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDiagrams are considered a powerful strategy for understanding and problem-solving. Self-explanation is believed to be behind the effectiveness of diagrams. However, it is not clear to what extent students engage in self-explanation. The possibility that students do not always engage in self-explanation is suggested by empirical studies showing that diagrams do not always produce efficacious outcomes. Ichikawa [1] also argued that it is unclear how students interpret diagrams and discussed the need to have students explain themselves using diagrams. In science learning, diagrams effectively help students learn the principles behind phenomena. Having students use diagrams to explain phenomena may help them understand the principles of the phenomena correctly and integrate their knowledge effectively across subject areas. Therefore, in this study, we developed lesson instructions in which students were required to explain the phenomenon using diagrams after the teacher had explained it. Students were also given the opportunity to solve the problem collaboratively after the explanation had been provided. The study involved 71 8th-grade students in one school. Fifty-eight same grade students from a traditional public school also participated in the study and served as the control group. A “basic knowledge test”, which tested students’ knowledge in a fill-in-the-blank format, and a “principle understanding test” and “transfer test,” which tested students’ knowledge in an explanation format, were administered. The results demonstrated no significant difference in the basic knowledge test, but the score in the principle understanding test and the transfer knowledge test was higher for the students who received the experimental instruction. This study indicates that deeper understanding is facilitated by combining the experience of using diagrams with peer explanation.
Carrollian and celestial spaces at infinity
Authors: Figueroa-O’Farrill José , Have Emil , Prohazka Stefan , Salzer Jakob 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We show that the geometry of the asymptotic infinities of Minkowski spacetime (in d + 1 dimensions) is captured by homogeneous spaces of the Poincaré group: the blow-ups of spatial (Spi) and timelike (Ti) infinities in the sense of Ashtekar-Hansen and a novel space Ni fibering over $$ \mathcal{I} $$
I
. We embed these spaces à la Penrose-Rindler into a pseudo-euclidean space of signature (d + 1, 2) as orbits of the same Poincaré subgroup of O(d + 1, 2). We describe the corresponding Klein pairs and determine their Poincaré-invariant structures: a carrollian structure on Ti, a pseudo-carrollian structure on Spi and a “doubly-carrollian” structure on Ni. We give additional geometric characterisations of these spaces as grassmannians of affine hyperplanes in Minkowski spacetime: Spi is the (double cover of the) grassmannian of affine lorentzian hyperplanes; Ti is the grassmannian of affine spacelike hyperplanes and Ni fibers over the grassmannian of affine null planes, which is $$ \mathcal{I} $$
I
. We exhibit Ni as the fibred product of $$ \mathcal{I} $$
I
and the lightcone over the celestial sphere. We also show that Ni is the total space of the bundle of scales of the conformal carrollian structure on $$ \mathcal{I} $$
I
and show that the symmetry algebra of its doubly-carrollian structure is isomorphic to the symmetry algebra of the conformal carrollian structure on $$ \mathcal{I} $$
I
; that is, the BMS algebra. We show how to reconstruct Minkowski spacetime from any of its asymptotic geometries, by establishing that points in Minkowski spacetime parametrise certain lightcone cuts in the asymptotic geometries. We include an appendix comparing with (A)dS and observe that the de Sitter groups have no homogeneous spaces which could play the rôle that the celestial sphere plays in flat space holography.
Benchmarking di-Higgs production in various extended Higgs sector models
Authors: Abouabid Hamza , Arhrib Abdesslam , Azevedo Duarte , El Falaki Jaouad , Ferreira Pedro M. , Mühlleitner Margarete , Santos Rui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We present a comprehensive study on Higgs pair production in various archetypical extended Higgs sectors such as the real and the complex 2-Higgs-Doublet Model, the 2-Higgs-Doublet Model augmented by a real singlet field and the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model. We take into account all relevant theoretical and experimental constraints, in particular the experimental limits on non-resonant and resonant Higgs pair production. We present the allowed cross sections for Standard Model (SM)-like Higgs pair production and the ranges of the SM-like Yukawa and trilinear Higgs self-coupling that are still compatible with the applied constraints. Furthermore, we give results for the pair production of a SM-like with a non-SM-like Higgs boson and for the production of a pair of non-SM-like Higgs bosons. We find that di-Higgs production in the models under investigation can exceed the SM rate substantially, not only in the non-resonance region but also due to resonant enhancement. We give several benchmarks with interesting features such as large cross sections, the possibility to test CP violation, Higgs-to-Higgs cascade decays or di-Higgs production beating single Higgs production. In all of our benchmark points, the next-to-leading order QCD corrections are included in the large top-mass limit. For these points, we found that, depending on the model and the Higgs pair final state, the corrections increase the leading order cross section by a factor of 1.79 to 2.24. We also discuss the relation between the description of Higgs pair production in an effective field theory approach and in the specific models investigated here.
Solutions in Nonlinear Electrodynamics and their double copy regular black holes
Authors: Mkrtchyan Karapet , Svazas Mantas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We study solutions in non-linear electrodynamics (NED) and establish several general results. We show, that the SO(2) electric-magnetic duality symmetry is restrictive enough to allow for reconstruction of the NED Lagrangian from the spherically-symmetric electrostatic (Coulomb-like) solution — although there are infinitely many different NED theories admitting a given solution, there exists a unique SO(2) invariant one among them under a simple analyticity assumption (that leaves out some interesting physical theories). We introduce a general algorithm for constructing new SO(2) invariant NED theories in the conventional approach, where only a few examples are available. We also show how to derive the Lagrangian of the SO(2) invariant theory admitting a given electrostatic solution. We further show on a simple example that some NED theories may require sources (particles) of finite (non-zero) size. Such a non-zero size source not only regularizes the infinite energy of the point charge but also satisfies the condition of regularity, that the electric field is zero at the origin. The latter condition was identified earlier as necessary and sufficient for the NED solution to generate a regular black hole via so-called double copy construction and is also satisfied by solitons. We propose a large class of solitonic NED solutions that give rise to regular black holes via double copy construction and contain solutions of Maxwell and Born-Infeld as different limits. This class of NED solutions acquires two new properties in the limit where the corresponding regular black hole’s asymptotics becomes Minkowski: it gives rise to regular higher-spin black holes via generalization of double copy — “higher-copy” construction, and for very short distances changes the sign of the force becoming repulsive/attractive for opposite/similar signs of charges.
The Reissner-Nordström-Tangherlini solution from scattering amplitudes of charged scalars
Authors: D’Onofrio Simone , Fragomeno Federica , Gambino Claudio , Riccioni Fabio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The metric and the electromagnetic potential generated by a static, spherically symmetric charged massive object in any dimension are given by the Reissner-Nordström-Tangherlini solution. We derive the expansion of this solution up to third post-Minkowskian order by computing the classical contribution of scattering amplitudes describing the emission of either a graviton or a photon from a massive charged scalar field up to two loops. In four and five dimensions these amplitudes develop ultraviolet divergences that are cancelled by higher-derivative counterterms in a way that generalises what was recently shown to happen in the chargeless case. This renormalisation procedure produces logarithmic terms that match exactly those produced in the post-Minkowskian expansion of the classical solution in de Donder gauge.
Consistent truncations to 3-dimensional supergravity
Authors: Galli Michele , Malek Emanuel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We show how to construct consistent truncations of 10-/11-dimensional supergravity to 3-dimensional gauged supergravity, preserving various amounts of supersymmetry. We show, that as in higher dimensions, consistent truncations can be defined in terms of generalised G-structures in Exceptional Field Theory, with G ⊂ E8(8) for the 3-dimensional case. Differently from higher dimensions, the generalised Lie derivative of E8(8) Exceptional Field Theory requires a set of “covariantly constrained” fields to be well-defined, and we show how these can be constructed from the G-structure itself. We prove several general features of consistent truncations, allowing us to rule out a higher-dimensional origin of many 3-dimensional gauged supergravities. In particular, we show that the compact part of the gauge group can be at most SO(9) and that there are no consistent truncations on a 7-or 8-dimensional product of spheres such that the full isometry group of the spheres is gauged. Moreover, we classify which matter-coupled $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
≥ 4 gauged supergravities can arise from consistent truncations. Finally, we give several examples of consistent truncations to three dimensions. These include the truncations of IIA and IIB supergravity on S7 leading to two different $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 16 gauged supergravites, as well as more general IIA/IIB truncations on Hp,7−p. We also show how to construct consistent truncations of IIB supergravity on S5 fibred over a Riemann surface. These result in 3-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 gauged supergravities with scalar manifold $$ \mathcal{M}=\frac{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{O}\left(6,4\right)}{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{O}(6)\times \mathrm{SO}(4)}\times \frac{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{U}\left(2,1\right)}{\mathrm{S}\left(\mathrm{U}(1)\times \mathrm{U}(2)\right)} $$
M
=

SO

6
4

SO

6

×
SO

4

×

SU

2
1

S

U

1

×
U

2

with a ISO(3) × U(1)4 gauging and for hyperboloidal Riemann surfaces contain $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (2, 2) AdS3 vacua.
Time reversal and CP invariance in Calabi-Yau compactifications
Authors: Bönisch Kilian , Elmi Mohamed , Kashani-Poor Amir-Kian , Klemm Albrecht 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We revisit the question of time reversal and CP invariance in Calabi-Yau compactifications. We show that time reversal invariance is respected by quantum corrections to the prepotential. In particular, field independent θ angles whose presence is dictated by requiring integrality of relevant monodromy transformations can take precisely the quantized values compatible with time reversal invariance. Furthermore, monodromy symmetry enlarges the region on moduli space on which time reversal is not spontaneously broken. We define the action of the CP transformation for multi-parameter models and argue that on the slice of moduli space where it is defined, CP is trivially a symmetry of the theory. For supersymmetric vacua that lie in this slice, we derive a condition on the third cohomology of the compactification manifold which determines whether CP preserving fluxes exist that stabilize the moduli to such points. In the case of one-parameter models, the condition is always satisfied.
Spectral form factor of a quantum spin glass
Authors: Winer Michael , Barney Richard , Baldwin Christopher L. , Galitski Victor , Swingle Brian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It is widely expected that systems which fully thermalize are chaotic in the sense of exhibiting random-matrix statistics of their energy level spacings, whereas integrable systems exhibit Poissonian statistics. In this paper, we investigate a third class: spin glasses. These systems are partially chaotic but do not achieve full thermalization due to large free energy barriers. We examine the level spacing statistics of a canonical infinite-range quantum spin glass, the quantum p-spherical model, using an analytic path integral approach. We find statistics consistent with a direct sum of independent random matrices, and show that the number of such matrices is equal to the number of distinct metastable configurations — the exponential of the spin glass “complexity” as obtained from the quantum Thouless-Anderson-Palmer equations. We also consider the statistical properties of the complexity itself and identify a set of contributions to the path integral which suggest a Poissonian distribution for the number of metastable configurations. Our results show that level spacing statistics can probe the ergodicity-breaking in quantum spin glasses and provide a way to generalize the notion of spin glass complexity beyond models with a semi-classical limit.
The phase diagram of BPS black holes in AdS5
Authors: Ezroura Nizar , Larsen Finn , Liu Zhihan , Zeng Yangwenxiao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Motivated by recent studies of supersymmetric black holes, we revisit the phase diagram of AdS black holes, whether BPS or not, with particular emphasis on the role of rotation. We develop BPS thermodynamics systematically and, in many explicit examples, we study its striking similarities with more familiar AdS black holes, as well as some differences. We highlight an important fugacity that preserves BPS saturation but is not captured by the supersymmetric index.
Equivalent SU(3)f approaches for two-body anti-triplet charmed baryon decays
Authors: Hsiao Y. K. , Wang Y. L. , Zhao H. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
For the two-body Bc → BM decays, where Bc denotes the anti-triplet charm baryon and B(M) the octet baryon (meson), there exist two theoretical studies based on the SU(3) flavor [SU(3)f] symmetry. One is the irreducible SU(3)f approach (IRA). In the irreducible SU(3)f representation, the effective Hamiltonian related to the initial and final states forms the amplitudes for Bc → BM. The other is the topological-diagram approach (TDA), where the W-boson emission and W-boson exchange topologies are drawn and parameterized for the decays. As required by the group theoretical consideration, we present the same number of the IRA and TDA amplitudes. We can hence relate the two kinds of the amplitudes, and demonstrate the equivalence of the two SU(3)f approaches. We find a specific W-boson exchange topology only contributing to $$ {\Xi}_c^0 $$

Ξ
c
0

→BM. Denoted by EM, it plays a key role in explaining $$ \mathcal{B} $$
B
($$ {\Xi}_c^0 $$

Ξ
c
0

→ Λ0$$ {K}_S^0 $$

K
S
0

, Σ0$$ {K}_S^0 $$

K
S
0

, Σ+K−). We consider that $$ {\Lambda}_c^{+} $$

Λ
c
+

→ nπ+ and $$ {\Lambda}_c^{+} $$

Λ
c
+

→ pπ0 proceed through the constructive and destructive interfering effects, respectively, which leads to $$ \mathcal{B} $$
B
($$ {\Lambda}_c^{+} $$

Λ
c
+

→ nπ+) » $$ \mathcal{B} $$
B
($$ {\Lambda}_c^{+} $$

Λ
c
+

→ pπ0) in agreement with the data. With the exact and broken SU(3)f symmetries, we predict the branching fractions of Bc→BM to be tested by future measurements.
AdS/BCFT and Island for curvature-squared gravity
Authors: Hu Qi-Lin , Li Dongqi , Miao Rong-Xin , Zeng Yu-Qian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate AdS/BCFT for curvature-squared gravity. To warm up, we start with Gauss-Bonnet gravity. We derive the one point function of stress tensor and show that the central charge related to the norm of displacement operator is positive for the couplings obeying causality constraints. Furthermore, by imposing the null energy condition on the end-of-the-world brane, we prove the holographic g-theorem for Gauss-Bonnet gravity. This corrects a wrong point of view in the literature, which claims that the holographic g-theorem is violated for Gauss-Bonnet gravity. As a by-product, we obtain the boundary entropy and A-type boundary central charges in general dimensions. We also study AdS/BCFT for general curvature-squared gravity. We find that it is too restrictive for the shape of the brane and the dual BCFT is trivial if one imposes Neumann boundary conditions for all of the gravitational modes. Instead, we propose to impose Dirichlet boundary condition for the massive graviton, while imposing Neumann boundary condition for the massless graviton. In this way, we obtain non-trivial shape dependence of stress tensor and well-defined central charges. In particular, the holographic g-theorem is satisfied by general curvature-squared gravity. Finally, we discuss the island and show that the Page curve can be recovered for Gauss-Bonnet gravity. Interestingly, there are zeroth-order phase transitions for the Page curve within one range of couplings obeying causality constraints. Generalizing the discussions to holographic entanglement entropy and holographic complexity in AdS/CFT, we get new constraints for the Gauss-Bonnet coupling, which is stronger than the causality constraint.
Genomic selection using random regressions on known and latent environmental covariates
Authors: Tolhurst Daniel J. , Gaynor R. Chris , Gardunia Brian , Hickey John M. , Gorjanc Gregor 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Key message
The integration of known and latent environmental covariates within a single-stage genomic selection approach provides breeders with an informative and practical framework to utilise genotype by environment interaction for prediction into current and future environments.

Abstract
This paper develops a single-stage genomic selection approach which integrates known and latent environmental covariates within a special factor analytic framework. The factor analytic linear mixed model of Smith et al. (2001) is an effective method for analysing multi-environment trial (MET) datasets, but has limited practicality since the underlying factors are latent so the modelled genotype by environment interaction (GEI) is observable, rather than predictable. The advantage of using random regressions on known environmental covariates, such as soil moisture and daily temperature, is that the modelled GEI becomes predictable. The integrated factor analytic linear mixed model (IFA-LMM) developed in this paper includes a model for predictable and observable GEI in terms of a joint set of known and latent environmental covariates. The IFA-LMM is demonstrated on a late-stage cotton breeding MET dataset from Bayer CropScience. The results show that the known covariates predominately capture crossover GEI and explain 34.4% of the overall genetic variance. The most notable covariates are maximum downward solar radiation (10.1%), average cloud cover (4.5%) and maximum temperature (4.0%). The latent covariates predominately capture non-crossover GEI and explain 40.5% of the overall genetic variance. The results also show that the average prediction accuracy of the IFA-LMM is $$0.02-0.10$$

0.02
-
0.10

higher than conventional random regression models for current environments and $$0.06-0.24$$

0.06
-
0.24

higher for future environments. The IFA-LMM is therefore an effective method for analysing MET datasets which also utilises crossover and non-crossover GEI for genomic prediction into current and future environments. This is becoming increasingly important with the emergence of rapidly changing environments and climate change.
Genetic dissection of morphological variation in rosette leaves and leafy heads in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)
Authors: Alemán-Báez Jorge , Qin Jian , Cai Chengcheng , Zou Chunmei , Bucher Johan , Paulo Maria-João , Voorrips Roeland E. , Bonnema Guusje 
Published: September 2022

AbstractKey messageCorrelations between morphological traits of cabbage rosette leaves and heads were found. Genome-wide association studies of these traits identified 50 robust quantitative trait loci in multiple years. Half of these loci affect both organs.AbstractCabbage (Brassica oleraceavar.capitata) is an economically important vegetable crop cultivated worldwide. Cabbage plants go through four vegetative stages: seedling, rosette, folding and heading. Rosette leaves are the largest leaves of cabbage plants and provide most of the energy needed to produce the leafy head. To understand the relationship and the genetic basis of leaf development and leafy head formation, 308 cabbage accessions were scored for rosette leaf and head traits in three-year field trials. Significant correlations were found between morphological traits of rosette leaves and heads, namely leaf area with the head area, height and width, and leaf width with the head area and head height, when heads were harvested at a fixed number of days after sowing. Fifty robust quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for rosette leaf and head traits distributed over all nine chromosomes were identified with genome-wide association studies. All these 50 loci were identified in multiple years and generally affect multiple traits. Twenty-five of the QTL were associated with both rosette leaf and leafy head traits. We discuss thirteen candidate genes identified in these QTL that are expressed in heading leaves, with an annotation related to auxin and other phytohormones, leaf development, and leaf polarity that likely play a role in leafy head development or rosette leaf expansion.
The geography of job automation in Ireland: what urban areas are most at risk?
Authors: Crowley Frank , Doran Justin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFuture automation and artificial intelligence technologies are expected to have a major impact on labour markets. There is a lack of analysis which considers the sub-national geographical implications of automation risk posed to employment. In this paper, we identify the proportion of jobs at risk of automation across all Irish towns, using the occupational methodology of Frey and Osborne (2017) and compare these results with those of the task-based methodology of Nedelkoska and Quintini (2018). The job risk of automation varies significantly across towns, and while there is a substantial difference in the magnitude of risk identified by the occupational and task-based approaches, the correlation between them is approximately 95% in our analysis. The proportion of jobs at high risk (> 70% probability of automation) across towns using the occupational based methodology varies from a high of 58% to a low of 25%. In comparison, the proportion of jobs at high risk using the task-based methodology varies from 26 to 11%. Factors such as education levels, age demographics, urban size, and industry structure are important in explaining job risk across towns. Our results have significant implications for local and regional urban policy development in the Irish case.