bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between early poverty exposure and adolescent well-being: The role of childhood negative emotionality
Authors: De France Kalee , Stack Dale M. , Serbin Lisa A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUsing a longitudinal design (Wave 1 n = 164, Mage = 3.57 years, 54% female, predominantly White and French-speaking), the current study sought to answer two questions: 1) does poverty influence children’s negative emotionality through heightened family-level, poverty-related stress? and 2) is negative emotionality, in turn, predictive of adolescent internalizing symptoms, externalizing behaviors, cognitive abilities, and physical health? Results confirmed an indirect pathway from family poverty to child emotionality through poverty-related stress. In addition, negative emotionality was associated with adolescent internalizing symptoms, attention difficulties, and physical health, but not externalizing symptoms, even when controlling for early poverty exposure.
Tau and amyloid biomarkers modify the degree to which cognitive reserve and brain reserve predict cognitive decline
Authors: McKenzie Cathryn , Bucks Romola S. , Weinborn Michael , Bourgeat Pierrick , Salvado Olivier , Gavett Brandon E. ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjective:Brain reserve, cognitive reserve, and education are thought to protect against late-life cognitive decline, but these variables have not been directly compared to one another in the same model, using future cognitive and functional decline as outcomes. We sought to determine whether the influence of these protective factors on executive function (EF) and daily function decline was dependent upon Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology severity, as measured by the total tau to beta-amyloid (T-τ/Aβ1-42) ratio in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).Method:Participants were 1201 older adult volunteers in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study. Brain reserve was defined using a composite index of structural brain volumes (total brain matter, hippocampus, and white matter hyperintensity). Cognitive reserve was defined as the variance in episodic memory performance not explained by brain integrity and demographics.Results:At higher levels of T-τ/Aβ1-42, brain and cognitive reserve predicted slower decline in EF. Only brain reserve attenuated decline at lower levels of T-τ/Aβ1-42. Education had no independent association with cognitive decline.Conclusions:These results point to a hierarchy of protection against aging- and disease-associated cognitive decline. When pathology is low, only structural brain integrity predicts rate of future EF decline. The ability of cognitive reserve to predict future EF decline becomes stronger as CSF biomarker evidence of AD increases. Although education is typically thought of as a proxy for cognitive reserve, it did not show any protective effects on cognition after accounting for brain integrity and the residual cognitive reserve index.
A dominance analysis of subjective cognitive complaint comorbidities in former professional football players with and without mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Brett Benjamin L. , Kerr Zachary Yukio , Chandran Avinash , Walton Samuel , Aggarwal Neelum T. , Gifford Katherine , Mannix Rebekah , DeFreese J. D. , Echemendia Ruben J. , Guskiewicz Kevin M. , Meehan William P. , McCrea Michael A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectives:Subjective cognitive difficulties (SCDs) are associated with factors commonly reported in older adults and former contact sport athletes, regardless of objective cognitive decline. We investigated the relative contribution of these factors to SCD in former National Football League (NFL)-players with and without a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods:Former NFL players (n = 907) aged ≥ 50 years (mean = 64.7 ± 8.9), with (n = 165) and without (n = 742) a diagnosis of MCI completed health questionnaires. Multivariable regression and dominance analyses determined the relative importance of SCD factors on SCD: 1) depression, 2) anxiety, 3) sleep disturbance, 4) pain interference, 5) ability to participate in social roles and activities, 6) stress-related events, 7) fatigue, 8) concussion history, and 9) education. SCD outcomes included Neuro-QoL Emotional-Behavioral Dyscontrol and the PROMIS Cognitive Function. Fisher’s z-transformation compared comorbid contributing factors to SCD across MCI and non-MCI groups.Results:Complete dominance of anxiety was established over most comorbid factors across the MCI and non-MCI groups. Fatigue also exhibited complete dominance over most comorbid factors, though its influence in the MCI group was less robust (general dominance). Average contributions to variance accounted for by comorbid factors to ratings of SCD across MCI and non-MCI groups did not statistically differ (Z-statistics <1.96, ps>.05).Conclusions:Anxiety and fatigue are the most robust factors associated with SCD in former professional football players across various combinations of clinical presentations (different combinations of comorbid factors), regardless of documented cognitive impairment. Self-reported deficits may be less reliable in detecting objective impairment in the presence of these factors, with multidimensional assessment being ideal.
“Women, Consider Crypto”: Gender in the Virtual Economy of Decentralized Finance
Authors: Henshaw Alexis 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDecentralized finance, including cryptocurrency and other blockchain-based applications, promises participants benefits such as financial freedom, security, privacy, and wealth accumulation. More recently, it has also offered the promise of participation, lowering financial barriers, and empowerment—especially to women, the poor, and those residing in the Global South. I argue that the rise of decentralized finance as an alternative development platform is explicitly gendered and calls for feminist analysis. I discuss how cryptocurrency-based approaches to development rest on foundations that are gendered, interacting with hierarchies of race/ethnicity and class. I also explore how they are part of a lineage of neoliberalism, leveraging neoliberal beliefs about entrepreneurialism, financial inclusion, and gender roles. The discussion further introduces the concept of neolibertarianism as an extension of neoliberal logics that advocates for bypassing states entirely in favor of private actors. The current analysis compares this new model of decentralized finance to similarly problematic development trends and assesses how it has—as of yet—failed to deliver on the promises of participation, lowering financial barriers, and empowerment. This analysis concludes with a call to action for feminist and critical scholars, encouraging further work on the topic.
Crustal Thickness Variations in the Central Midcontinent, USA, and Their Tectonic Implications: New Constraints Obtained Using the H‐κ‐c Method
Authors: Xiao Hongyu , DeLucia Michael , Song Xiaodong , Li Jiangtao , Marshak Stephen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe central midcontinent of the USA's cratonic platform is a region of low elevation and relief underlain by tectonic basins, domes, faults, and monoclines. To investigate potential correlations among shallow crustal structure and crustal thickness, we produced a high‐resolution Moho‐depth map of the region by applying the recently developed H‐κ‐c receiver‐function method to data from EarthScope Transportable‐Array and Flexible‐Array stations. Results indicate that Moho depth varies from 38 to 57 km. Changes of Moho depth and of Vp/Vs ratios do not correlate with Precambrian tectonic boundaries, suggesting that they reflect post‐accretion tectonics. Deeper Moho underlies sedimentary basins, implying a relationship between crustal thickness and lithospheric subsidence. Thicker crust may be due to rift‐related underplating, and thinner crust may have undergone delamination. Some depth changes underlie known faults and fold zones. Since short‐wavelength undulations were detected only under high‐density seismic arrays, they may occur more widely but have yet to be resolved.
Sinking Sargassum
Authors: Putman Nathan F. , Hu Chuanmin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBlooms and coastal inundations of pelagic Sargassum have caused major problems to coastal communities and ecosystems throughout the tropical Atlantic over the past decade. Understanding Sargassum growth, movement, and mortality is essential to being able to predict and mitigate these events. In principle, tropical cyclones that occur in this area could have an impact on all three processes. In a recent article, Sosa‐Gutierrez et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL097484) investigated the potential impacts of tropical cyclones (TCs) on pelagic Sargassum using satellite‐based Sargassum maps and 86 hurricane tracks during 2011–2020. Their statistical analysis showed an average drop of 40% in Sargassum coverage under TC trajectories, which was attributed to possible sinking of Sargassum. Here, we discuss implications of these findings, and advocate continued research on how storms and other physical factors influence the dynamics of growth, movement, and mortality in this ecologically and economically important macroalgae.
Going Beyond Low Flows: Streamflow Drought Deficit and Duration Illuminate Distinct Spatiotemporal Drought Patterns and Trends in the U.S. During the Last Century
Authors: Hammond John C. , Simeone Caelan , Hecht Jory S. , Hodgkins Glenn A. , Lombard Melissa , McCabe Greg , Wolock Dave , Wieczorek Michael , Olson Carolyn , Caldwell Todd , Dudley Rob , Price Adam N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStreamflow drought is a recurring challenge, and understanding spatiotemporal patterns of past droughts is needed to manage future water resources. We examined regional patterns in streamflow drought metrics and compared these metrics to low flow timing and magnitude using long‐term daily records for 555 minimally disturbed watersheds. For each streamgage, we calculated streamflow drought duration (number of days) and deficit (flow volume below a specified threshold) for each climate year (April 1–March 31). We identified drought using five thresholds (2%–30%) and two approaches: variable thresholds with unique values for each day of the year, and a fixed threshold based on all period‐of‐record flows. We then analyzed drought trends using the Mann‐Kendall test with persistence adjustment for 1921–2020, 1951–2020, and 1981–2020, and computed correlations between annual streamflow drought metrics and climate metrics using values from a monthly water balance model. Spatial patterns in drought metrics were consistent between variable and fixed approaches, though fixed threshold durations were typically longer and variable threshold deficits larger. High interannual variability in drought duration emerged in the central, interior west, and southwestern U.S., with high deficit variability in the interior west. Drought metrics were weakly correlated with low flow magnitude and timing, providing unique information. Drought duration and deficit increased in the southern and western U.S. for both 1951–2020 and 1981–2020, particularly using fixed thresholds, and paralleled trends in aridity. Projections of continued aridification for the southern and western U.S. may increase drought durations and deficits and intensify water availability impacts.
Loss of AID exacerbates the malignant progression of CLL
Authors: Lee Avery C. , Pingali Sai Ravi , Pinilla-Ibarz Javier A. , Atchison Michael L. , Koumenis Constantinos , Argon Yair , Thomas-Tikhonenko Andrei , De Trez Carl , Hu Chih-Chi Andrew , Tang Chih-Hang Anthony 
Published: August 2022

AbstractActivation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) has been implicated as both a positive and a negative factor in the progression of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but the role that it plays in the development and progression of this disease is still unclear. We generated an AID knockout CLL mouse model, AID−/−/Eμ-TCL1, and found that these mice die significantly earlier than their AID-proficient counterparts. AID-deficient CLL cells exhibit a higher ER stress response compared to Eμ-TCL1 controls, particularly through activation of the IRE1/XBP1s pathway. The increased production of secretory IgM in AID-deficient CLL cells contributes to their elevated expression levels of XBP1s, while secretory IgM-deficient CLL cells express less XBP1s. This increase in XBP1s in turn leads AID-deficient CLL cells to exhibit higher levels of B cell receptor signaling, supporting leukemic growth and survival. Further, AID−/−/Eμ-TCL1 CLL cells downregulate the tumor suppressive SMAD1/S1PR2 pathway and have altered homing to non-lymphoid organs. Notably, CLL cells from patients with IgHV-unmutated disease express higher levels of XBP1s mRNA compared to those from patients with IgHV-mutated CLL. Our studies thus reveal novel mechanisms by which the loss of AID leads to worsened CLL and may explain why unmutated CLL is more aggressive than mutated CLL.
Creating and moving nanoantenna cold spots anywhere
Authors: Vernon Alex J. , Rodríguez-Fortuño Francisco J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCold spots are sub-wavelength regions which might emerge near a nanoantenna, should one or more components of some far-field illumination cancel out with scattered light. We show that by changing only the polarisation, amplitude, and phase of two plane waves, a unique, zero-magnitude and highly sub-wavelength cold spot can be created and moved anywhere in the space around a nanoantenna of any arbitrary shape. This can be achieved using ultra-fast modulated pulses, or a time-harmonic approximation. Easily disturbed by a change in the nanoantenna’s material or position, a manufactured cold spot is fragile and could be used in nanoscale sensing. Our technique exploits the linearity of Maxwell’s equations and could be adapted to manipulate any phenomena governed by the linear wave equation, including acoustic scattering. This is a means for potentially ultra-fast sub-wavelength electric field manipulation.
The RING finger protein family in health and disease
Authors: Cai Chunmei , Tang Yan-Dong , Zhai Jingbo , Zheng Chunfu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUbiquitination is a highly conserved and fundamental posttranslational modification (PTM) in all eukaryotes regulating thousands of proteins. The RING (really interesting new gene) finger (RNF) protein, containing the RING domain, exerts E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediates the covalent attachment of ubiquitin (Ub) to target proteins. Multiple reviews have summarized the critical roles of the tripartite-motif (TRIM) protein family, a subgroup of RNF proteins, in various diseases, including cancer, inflammatory, infectious, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Except for TRIMs, since numerous studies over the past decades have delineated that other RNF proteins also exert widespread involvement in several diseases, their importance should not be underestimated. This review summarizes the potential contribution of dysregulated RNF proteins, except for TRIMs, to the pathogenesis of some diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative disorder. Since viral infection is broadly involved in the induction and development of those diseases, this manuscript also highlights the regulatory roles of RNF proteins, excluding TRIMs, in the antiviral immune responses. In addition, we further discuss the potential intervention strategies targeting other RNF proteins for the prevention and therapeutics of those human diseases.
High GPER expression in triple-negative breast cancer is linked to pro-metastatic pathways and predicts poor patient outcomes
Authors: Xu Ting , Ma Ding , Chen Sheng , Tang Rui , Yang Jianling , Meng Chunhui , Feng Yang , Liu Li , Wang Jiangfen , Luo Haojun , Yu Keda 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a particularly aggressive and heterogeneous disease with few effective targeted therapies and precision therapeutic options over a long period. It is generally considered that TNBC is an estrogen-independent breast cancer, while a new estrogen receptor, namely G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), is demonstrated to mediate estrogenic actions in TNBC. Based on our transcriptomic analysis, expression of GPER was correlated with clinicopathological variables and survival of 360 TNBC patients. GPER expression at mRNA level was significantly correlated with immunohistochemistry scoring in 12 randomly chosen samples. According to the cutoff value, 26.4% (95/360) of patients showed high GPER expression and significant correlation with the mRNA subtype of TNBC (P = 0.001), total metastatic events (P = 0.019) and liver metastasis (P = 0.011). In quantitative comparison, GPER abundance is correlated with the high-risk subtype of TNBC. At a median follow-up interval of 67.1 months, a significant trend towards reduced distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (P = 0.014) was found by Kaplan–Meier analysis in patients with high GPER expression. Furthermore, univariate analysis confirmed that GPER was a significant prognostic factor for DMFS in TNBC patients. Besides, high GPER expression was significantly linked to the worse survival in patients with lymph node metastasis, TNM stage III as well as nuclear grade G3 tumors. Transcriptome-based bioinformatics analysis revealed that GPER was linked to pro-metastatic pathways in our cohort. These results may supply new insights into GPER-mediated estrogen carcinogenesis in TNBC, thus providing a potential strategy for endocrine therapy of TNBC.
Realistic magnetic thermodynamics by local quantization of a semiclassical Heisenberg model
Authors: Walsh Flynn , Asta Mark , Wang Lin-Wang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClassical Monte Carlo simulation of the Heisenberg model poorly describes many thermodynamic phenomena due to its neglect of the quantum nature of spins. Alternatively, we discuss how to semiclassically approach the quantum problem and demonstrate a simple method for introducing a locally approximate form of spin quantization. While the procedure underestimates magnetic short-range order, our results suggest a simple correction for recovering realistic spin–spin correlations above the critical temperature. Moreover, ensemble fluctuations are found to provide reasonably accurate thermodynamics, largely reproducing quantum mechanically calculated heat capacities and experimental magnetometry for ferromagnetic Fe and antiferromagnetic RbMnF3. Extensions of the method are proposed to address remaining inaccuracies.
Enhancing first-principles simulations of complex solid-state ion conductors using topological analysis of procrystal electron density
Authors: Golov Andrey , Carrasco Javier 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAtomistic-level understanding of ion migration mechanisms holds the key to design high-performance solid-state ion conductors for a breadth of electrochemical devices. First-principles simulations play an important role in this quest. Yet, these methods are generally computationally-intensive, with limited access to complex, low-symmetry structures, such as interfaces. Here we show how topological analysis of the procrystal electron density can be applied to efficiently mitigate this issue. We discuss how this methodology goes beyond current state of the art capabilities and demonstrate this with two examples. In the first, we examine Li-ion transport across grain boundaries in Li3ClO electrolyte. Then, we compute diffusion coefficients as a function of charge carrier concentration in spinel LiTiS2 electrode material. These two case studies do not exhaust the opportunities and might constitute motivations for still more complex applied materials.
Exploration of two surfaces observed in Weyl semimetal BaMnSb2
Authors: Zou Qiang , Huang Silu , Ko Wonhee , Fu Mingming , Yang Yifan , Zhao Kun , Crittenden Scott R. , Plummer E. W. , Jin Rongying , Gai Zheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSingle crystalline BaMnSb2 is considered as a 3D Weyl semimetal with the 2D electronic structure containing Dirac cones from the Sb sheet. We report experimental investigation of low-temperature cleaved BaMnSb2 surfaces using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and low energy electron diffraction. By natural cleavage, we find two terminations: one is Ba (above the orthorhombically distorted Sb sheet) and another Sb2 (at the surface of the Sb/Mn/Sb sandwich layer). Both terminations show the 2 × 1 surface reconstructions, with drastically different morphologies and electronic properties, however. The reconstructed structures, defect types and nature of the electronic structures of the two terminations are extensively studied. The quasiparticle interference (QPI) analysis is conducted at the energy range between −2 V and 2 V, although no interesting states are observed near the Fermi level, the surface-projected electronic band structures strongly depend on the surface termination above 1.6 V. The existence of defects can greatly modify the local density of states to create electronic phase separations on the surface in the order of tens of nm scale. Our observation on the atomic structures of the terminations and the corresponding electronic structures provides critical information towards an understanding of topological properties of BaMnSb2.
Precuneus brain response changes differently during human–robot and human–human dyadic social interaction
Authors: Spatola Nicolas , Chaminade Thierry 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHuman–human interactions (HHI) and human–robot interactions (HRI) are compared to identify differences between cognitive processes reflecting bonding in social interactions with natural and artificial agents. We capitalize on a unique corpus of neuroimaging data (fMRI) recorded while participants freely discussed with another human or a conversational robotic head, in order to study a crucial parameter of human social cognition, namely that social interactions are adaptive bidirectional processes that evolve over time. We used linear statistics to identify regions of the brain where activity changes differently when participants carry out twelve one-minute conversations, alternating between a human and a robotic interlocutor. Results show that activity in the posterior cingulate cortex, a key region associated with social cognition, increases over time in HHI but not in HRI. These results are interpreted as reflecting a process of strengthening social bonding during repeated exchanges when the interacting agent is a human, but not a robot.