bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focus on reactive nitrogen and the UN sustainable development goals
Authors: Winiwarter Wilfried , Amon Barbara , Bodirsky Benjamin Leon , Friege Henning , Geupel Markus , Lassaletta Luis , Raghuram Nandula 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The scientific evidence assembled in this Focus Collection on ‘Reactive nitrogen and the UN sustainable development goals’ emphasizes the relevance of agriculture as a key sector for nitrogen application as well as its release to the environment and the observed impacts. Published work proves the multiple connections and their causality, and presents pathways to mitigate negative effects while maintaining the benefits, foremost the production of food to sustain humanity. Providing intersections from field to laboratory studies and to modelling approaches, across multiple scales and for all continents, the Collection displays an overview of the state of nitrogen science in the early 21st century. Extending science to allow for policy-relevant messages renders the evidence provided a valuable basis for a global assessment of reactive nitrogen.
How to map soil sealing, land take and impervious surfaces? A systematic review
Authors: Peroni Francesca , Pappalardo Salvatore Eugenio , Facchinelli Francesco , Crescini Edoardo , Munafò Michele , Hodgson Michael E , De Marchi Massimo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Soil degradation is one of the main environmental issues within the international agendas on sustainability and climate adaptation. Among degradation processes, soil sealing represents the major threat, as ecosystem services dramatically decrease or are even nullified. The increasing use of big open data from satellites combined with AI algorithms are making geodata mining and mapping techniques essential to quantify soil sealing. Different keywords are adopted to define the phenomenon. However, at present, review articles presenting the state-of-the-art on mapping soil sealing by including the most common definitions are currently not available. Hence, we analyzed: (a) impervious surface, (b) soil sealing, (c) land take, (d) soil consumption, (e) land consumption. We provide a systematic review of remote sensing platforms and methodologies to map and to classify soil sealing, by highlighting: (a) definitions; (b) relationships among study areas, scales, platforms, resolutions, and classification methodologies; (c) emerging trends and policy implications. We performed a systematic search on Scopus (from 2000 to 2020), identifying 1277 papers; 392 focused on mapping soil sealing. ‘Impervious surface’ is the dominant definition. The phenomenon is more studied by the USA, China and Italy and, ‘soil sealing’ is recently more adopted in EU. Most studies focuses on mapping soil sealing at urban scale. We found Landsat are the most adopted platforms; they are frequently used for multi-temporal analyses. Eleven methodologies were identified: automatic classifications are the most adopted, dominated by pixel/sub-pixel-based approaches; other methods include Band Ratios, Supervised, OBIA, ANN. The majority of mapping analyses are performed on 30 m resolution in areas of 1000–10 000 km2. Landsat images are less used for smaller areas. In conclusion, as study area size increases, a decrease in image resolution with the use of more completely automatic classification methodologies is recorded. However, most studies focuses on comparing classification techniques rather than supporting policy making for sustainable urban planning. Thus, we encourage to fill the gap by developing approaches that applicable to international policies.
Assessing the chance of unprecedented dry conditions over North Brazil during El Niño events
Authors: Kay G , Dunstone N J , Smith D M , Betts R A , Cunningham C , Scaife A A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The strongest El Niño events of the past four decades were associated with large rainfall deficits in North Brazil during the December to February mature phase, leading to substantial societal and ecological impacts and influencing the global carbon cycle. While the teleconnection between El Niño and northern South America is well studied, the small number of El Niño events—and especially high magnitude ‘major’ El Niños—in the recent observational record make a robust characterisation of the response over North Brazil in today’s climate difficult. Here we use a large, initialised ensemble of global climate simulations to provide a much greater sample of North Brazil rainfall responses to recent El Niño events than is available from observations, and use this to form an assessment of the chance of unprecedented dry conditions during El Niño. We find that record low rainfall totals are possible during El Niño events in the current climate, and that as the magnitude of El Niño increases, so too does the chance of unprecedented low rainfall, reaching close to 60% for major El Niños. However, during even the largest El Niños, when the observed North Brazil response has been similar and very dry, we find rainfall rates close to normal are still possible due to internal atmospheric variability. In addition to the predictable influence of the tropical Pacific, an unpredictable influence from the extratropics appears to play a role in modulating the North Brazil rainfall response via an equatorward wave-train that propagates down the western coast of North America and across to the Caribbean. Combining forecasts of El Niño with this improved information on the underlying chance of extremely low rainfall could feed into improved assessments of risk and preparedness for upcoming droughts in Brazil.
Development of low power non-thermal plasma jet and optimization of operational parameters for treating dyes and emerging contaminants
Authors: JOSHI Deepchandra , PRAKASH G Veda , AHAMMAD Shaikh Ziauddin , KAR Satyananda , SREEKRISHNAN T R 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Non-thermal plasma has emerged as an effective treatment system against the latest class of highly recalcitrant and toxic environmental pollutants termed emerging contaminants (ECs). In the present work, a detailed experimental study is carried out to evaluate the efficacy of a non-thermal plasma jet with two dyes, Rd. B and Met. Blue, as model contaminants. The plasma jet provided a complete dye decoloration in 30 min with an applied voltage of 6.5 kVp−p. ·OH, having the highest oxidation potential, acts as the main reactive species, which with direct action on contaminants also acts indirectly by getting converted into H2O2 and O3. Further, the effect of critical operational parameters viz, sample pH, applied voltage (4.5‒6.5 kVp−p), conductivity (5‒20 mS cm−1), and sample distance on plasma treatment efficacy was also examined. Out of all the assessed parameters, the applied voltage and sample conductivity was found to be the most significant operating parameters. A high voltage and low conductivity favored the dye decoloration, while the pH effect was not that significant. To understand the influence of plasma discharge gas on treatment efficacy, all the experiments are conducted with argon and helium gases under the fixed geometrical configuration. Both the gases provided a similar dye decoloration efficiency. The DBD plasma system with complete dye removal also rendered maximum mineralization of 73% for Rd. B, and 60% for Met. Blue. Finally, the system’s efficiency against the actual ECs (four pharmaceutical compounds, viz, metformin, atenolol, acetaminophen, and ranitidine) and microbial contaminant (E. coli) was also tested. The system showed effectivity in the complete removal of targeted pharmaceuticals and a log2.5 E. coli reduction. The present systematic characterization of dye degradation could be of interest to large communities working towards commercializing plasma treatment systems.
Catalyst designing strategies for electrochemical CO2 reduction: a perspective
Authors: Sarkar Shreya , C Peter Sebastian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Electrochemical CO2 reduction (eCO2R) is one of the most promising and effective technologies to reduce CO2 into value-added chemicals and fuels, reducing the dependence on fossil fuels. However, the efficiency and selectivity of eCO2R is dependent on the interactions between the catalyst surface and the intermediates, which is majorly due to the inherent nature of the catalyst and other parameters like mass transport, electrolyte and intermediate coverage on the surface. There exists a parity between the existing experimental and theoretical catalyst design strategies. In this review we intend to discuss the rational design of catalysts based on transition metals to achieve highly efficient eCO2R. The strategies focused on here include the ligand effect, alloying, strain engineering, heterostructure formation, oxide derivation and the use of transition-metal chalcogenides, phosphides, nitrides and carbides. These strategies are effective in modulating the electronic structure, adsorption geometries and the local environment of the catalysts thus enhancing the eCO2R performance. In conclusion, the shortcomings and pivotal requirements in this field have been discussed in this perspective.
A methodology for evaluating the effects of climate change on climatic design conditions for buildings and application to a case study in Madison, Wisconsin
Authors: Gesangyangji  , Vimont Daniel J , Holloway Tracey , Lorenz David J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Climatic design conditions are widely used by the building community as environmental parameters informing the size and energy requirements for heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, along with other building design characteristics. Climatic design conditions are calculated by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers using historical climate data. Our work advances methods for projecting future climate design conditions based on data from global climate models. These models do not typically archive the hourly data required for climate design condition calculations, and they often exhibit large biases in extreme conditions, daily minimum temperatures and daily maximum temperatures needed for climatic design conditions. We present a method for rescaling historical hourly data under future climatic states to estimate the impact of climate change on future building climatic design conditions. This rescaling method is then used to calculate future climatic design conditions in Madison, Wisconsin, throughout the 21st century for two future greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. The results are consistent with a warming climate and show increases in heating, cooling, humidification and dehumidification design conditions, suggesting less extreme cold conditions and more extreme hot and humid conditions in Madison. The design conditions used for estimating energy demand, degree days, show that under a business-as-usual scenario, by the mid-century, building heating and cooling in Madison (climate zone 5A) will be similar to the current heating demand in Chicago, IL (climate zone 5A) and cooling demand in Baltimore, MD (climate zone 4A); by the late-century, building heating and cooling in Madison will resemble the current heating demand in St Louis, MO (climate zone 4A) and cooling demand in Augusta, GA (climate zone 3A). Given the rapid pace of climate change in the 21st century, our work suggests that historical design conditions may become obsolete during even the initial stages of a building’s expected life span. Changes in climatic design conditions in Madison highlight the importance of considering future climatic changes in building design to ensure that buildings built today meet the performance needs of the future.
ELSSI: parallel SNP–SNP interactions detection by ensemble multi-type detectors
Authors: Wang Xin , Cao Xia , Feng Yuantao , Guo Maozu , Yu Guoxian , Wang Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the development of high-throughput genotyping technology, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)–SNP interactions (SSIs) detection has become an essential way for understanding disease susceptibility. Various methods have been proposed to detect SSIs. However, given the disease complexity and bias of individual SSI detectors, these single-detector-based methods are generally unscalable for real genome-wide data and with unfavorable results. We propose a novel ensemble learning-based approach (ELSSI) that can significantly reduce the bias of individual detectors and their computational load. ELSSI randomly divides SNPs into different subsets and evaluates them by multi-type detectors in parallel. Particularly, ELSSI introduces a four-stage pipeline (generate, score, switch and filter) to iteratively generate new SNP combination subsets from SNP subsets, score the combination subset by individual detectors, switch high-score combinations to other detectors for re-scoring, then filter out combinations with low scores. This pipeline makes ELSSI able to detect high-order SSIs from large genome-wide datasets. Experimental results on various simulated and real genome-wide datasets show the superior efficacy of ELSSI to state-of-the-art methods in detecting SSIs, especially for high-order ones. ELSSI is applicable with moderate PCs on the Internet and flexible to assemble new detectors. The code of ELSSI is available at https://www.sdu-idea.cn/codes.php?name=ELSSI.
Identification of pathogenic mutations from nonobstructive azoospermia patients
Authors: Jiang Hanwei , Zhang Yuanwei , Ma Hui , Fan Suixing , Zhang Huan , Shi Qinghua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
It is estimated that approximately 25% of nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) cases are caused by single genetic anomalies, including chromosomal aberrations and gene mutations. The identification of these mutations in NOA patients has always been a research hot spot in the area of human infertility. However, compared with more than 600 genes reported to be essential for fertility in mice, mutations in approximately 75 genes have been confirmed to be pathogenic in patients with male infertility, in which only 14 were identified from NOA patients. The small proportion suggested that there is much room to improve the methodology of mutation screening and functional verification. Fortunately, recent advances in whole exome sequencing and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)–Cas9 have greatly promoted research on the etiology of human infertility and made improvements possible. In this review, we have summarized the pathogenic mutations found in NOA patients and the efforts we have made to improve the efficiency of mutation screening from NOA patients and functional verification with the application of new technologies.
Functional evaluation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in the endocervix
Authors: Han Leo , Roberts Mackenzie , Luo Addie , Wei Shuhao , Slayden Ov D , Macdonald Kelvin D 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an apical membrane chloride/bicarbonate ion channel in epithelial cells. Mutations in CFTR cause cystic fibrosis, a disease characterized by thickened mucus secretions and is associated with subfertility and infertility. CFTR function has been well characterized in vitro and in vivo in airway and other epithelia studies. However, little is known about CFTR function in the cervix in health and its contribution to cyclic regulation of fertility from endocervical mucus changes. Contributing to this research gap is the lack of information on the effect of sex steroid hormones on CFTR expression in cervical epithelial cells across the menstrual cycle. Herein, we demonstrate the hormonal regulation of CFTR expression in endocervical cells both in vitro and in vivo, and that conditionally reprogrammed endocervical epithelial cells can be used to interrogate CFTR ion channel function. CFTR activity was demonstrated in vitro using electrophysiological methods and functionally inhibited by the CFTR-specific inhibitors inh-172 and GlyH-101. We also report that CFTR expression is increased by estradiol in the macaque cervix both in vitro and in vivo in Rhesus macaques treated with artificial menstrual cycles. Estrogen upregulation of CFTR is blocked in vivo by cotreatment with progesterone. Our findings provide the most comprehensive evidence to date that steroid hormones drive changes in CFTR expression. These data are integral to understanding the role of CFTR as a fertility regulator in the endocervix.
Multicriteria Decision Analysis for Updating of Quality Indicators for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Comprehensive Care Units in Spain
Authors: Calvet Xavier , Panés Julián , Gallardo-Escudero Javier , de la Cuadra-Grande Alberto , Bartolomé Elena , Marín Laura , de la Portilla Fernando , Navarro-Correal Ester , Gutiérrez Ana , Nos Pilar , Serrano Ruth , Casado Miguel Ángel , Barreiro-de Acosta Manuel ,   Consensus Group, Varela Pilar , Pérez-Calle José L´zaro , Rivero Montserrat , Rodríguez Cristina , Martín Javier , Esteve María , Domènech Eugeni , Pérez-Gisbert Javier , Chaparro María , Martín María Dolores , Merino-Ochoa Olga , García Santiago , Barrio Jesús , Navarro Merce , Amo Alejandro , Rebollal Montse , Soriano Pilar , Diego José , Zulliani Fernando , Muñoz Diana , Cano Noelia , Benito Salvadora , S´nchez Elena , Noci Jesús , López Ana , Parajó Alberto , Arroyo Antonio , Mediavilla Inmaculada , Satiña Manuel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Management of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is complex and IBD Comprehensive Care Units [ICCUs] facilitate the delivery of quality care to IBD patients. The objective of this study was to update the existing set of quality indicators [QIs] for ICCUs, based on a nationwide quality certification programme carried out in Spain, from a multi-stakeholder perspective and using multicriteria decision analysis [MCDA] methodology.

Methods
An MCDA comprising three different phases was conducted. In phase 1, a systematic literature review was performed, and after validation by a scientific committee comprising 11 experts, a preliminary set of QIs was developed. In phase 2, a larger group of 49 experts determined the relevance and relative importance of each QI by prioritising and weighing the preliminary set. Finally in phase 3, the scientific committee reviewed the results and made a final selection via a deliberative process.

Results
The final set comprised 67 QIs, classified as Structure [23 QIs], Process [35 QIs] and Outcome [9 QIs], which were ranked according to their relative importance. Multidisciplinary management was the most important requirement in ICCUs, followed by continuity of care, standardisation of clinical care and, especially, the incorporation of patients’ reported outcomes.

Conclusions
This updated set of QIs comprises a weighted and prioritised set of items that represent the essential minimum of criteria for ensuring appropriate quality of care in the management of IBD patients.
Effects of Color Attributes on Trap Capture Rates ofChrysobothris femorata(Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and Related Species
Authors: Perkovich Cynthia L , Addesso Karla M , Basham Joshua P , Fare Donna C , Youssef Nadeer N , Oliver Jason B 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChrysobothris spp. (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and other closely related buprestids are common pests of fruit, shade, and nut trees in the United States. Many Chrysobothris spp., including Chrysobothris femorata, are polyphagous herbivores. Their wide host range leads to the destruction of numerous tree species in nurseries and orchards. Although problems caused by Chrysobothris are well known, there are no reliable monitoring methods to estimate local populations before substantial damage occurs. Other buprestid populations have been effectively estimated using colored sticky traps to capture beetles. However, the attraction of Chrysobothris to specific color attributes has not been directly assessed. A multi-color trapping system was utilized to determine color attraction of Chrysobothris spp. Specific color attributes (lightness [L*], red to green [a*], blue to yellow [b*], chroma [C*], hue [h*], and peak reflectance [PR]) were then evaluated to determine beetle responses. In initial experiments with mostly primary colors, Chrysobothris were most attracted to traps with red coloration. Thus, additional experiments were performed using a range of trap colors with red reflectance values. Among these red reflectance colors, it was determined that the violet range of the electromagnetic spectrum had greater attractance to Chrysobothris. Additionally, Chrysobothris attraction correlated with hue and b*, suggesting a preference for traps with hues between red to blue. However, males and females of some Chrysobothris species showed differentiated responses. These findings provide information on visual stimulants that can be used in Chrysobothris trapping and management. Furthermore, this information can be used in conjunction with ecological theory to understand host-location methods of Chrysobothris.
Accounting for the Value of Unpaid Domestic Work: A Cross-National Study of Variation across Household Types
Authors: Ragnarsdóttir Berglind Hólm , Kostecki Sarah , Gornick Janet 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article estimates the value of extended earnings—market earnings plus the imputed value of unpaid work—and assesses how this alternative measure affects the level and distribution of economic wellbeing within households of differing compositions. Prior research finds that excluding the value of unpaid work distorts conclusions about women’s contributions to household income and inequality more generally. Variation across household types has been understudied. The authors use data from the Harmonized European and American Time Use Surveys, combined with income data from the Luxembourg Income Study Database, to assess outcomes in six European countries and the United States. The study compares market to extended earnings to assess inequality within and across household types: single adults with and without children, and cohabiting adults with and without children. Key findings include: (i) women's time in unpaid work exceeds men's in all study countries; (ii) shifting from market earnings to extended earnings narrows gender disparities in all countries; and (iii) moving to extended earnings reduces inequality among both women and men, but more so among women. On all outcomes, we find that household composition shapes women's outcomes more than men's, and, overall, parenting status plays a larger role than partnership status.