bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a moisturizer containing pseudo‐ceramide and a eucalyptus extract on sweating function in adult atopic dermatitis: a double‐blind, randomized, controlled left‐right comparison clinical trial
Authors: Shindo Shoko , Murota Hiroyuki , Seki Tsuyoshi , Mori Katsura , Kaizu Kazuhiro , Nishizaka Takahiro , Takagi Yutaka , Katayama Ichiro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundMany patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) have a decreased ability to sweat. Several factors can cause decreased perspiration, such as weak tight junctions of sweat ducts, reduced acetylcholine receptor function, and inhibition of perspiration by histamines. Parakeratosis of AD skin also decreases sweating by occluding sweat pores. Increased ceramide levels in the stratum corneum reduce parakeratosis by improving stratum corneum functions. Furthermore, ceramides and/or ceramide derivatives may affect claudin‐3 and acetylcholine receptors.ObjectiveIn this study, we investigated the efficacy of a moisturizer containing pseudo‐ceramide and a eucalyptus extract to increase ceramide levels in the epidermis to improve the sweating ability of patients with AD.MethodsNineteen patients with AD applied moisturizers with or without pseudo‐ceramide and a eucalyptus extract on the cubital fossa of either arm twice a day for 4 weeks. Skin conditions and sweating ability, measured as the response to acetylcholine stimulation, were evaluated prior to the start of the study (Week 0) and at the end of Weeks 2 and 4.ResultsBoth moisturizers improved the visually evaluated skin symptoms and skin hydration. However, only the moisturizer containing pseudo‐ceramide and the eucalyptus extract significantly improved cutaneous barrier function and significantly increased the ceramide level in the stratum corneum. That moisturizer also increased the sweating volume and shortened the latency time for sweating, an indicator of sweating ability, but the other moisturizer did not.ConclusionBased on these results, the moisturizer containing pseudo‐ceramide and a eucalyptus extract helps recover the sweat function of AD patients.
Classification of multiple sclerosis patients based on structural disconnection: A robust feature selection approach
Authors: Schiavi Simona , Azzari Alberto , Mensi Antonella , Graziano Nicole , Daducci Alessandro , Bicego Manuele , Inglese Matilde , Petracca Maria 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeAlthough structural disconnection represents the hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathophysiology, classification attempts based on structural connectivity have achieved low accuracy levels. Here, we set out to fill this gap, exploring the performance of supervised classifiers on features derived from microstructure informed tractography and selected applying a novel robust approach.MethodsUsing microstructure informed tractography with diffusion MRI data, we created quantitative connectomes of 55 MS patients and 24 healthy controls. We then used a robust approach—based on two classical methods of feature selection— to select relevant features from three network representations (whole connectivity matrices, node strength, and local efficiency). Classification accuracy of the selected features was tested with five different classifiers, while their meaningfulness was tested via correlation with clinical scales. As a comparison, the same classifiers were run on features selected with the standard procedure in network analysis (thresholding).ResultsOur procedure identified 11 features for the whole net, five for local efficiency, and seven for node strength. For all classifiers, the accuracy was in the range 64.5%‐91.1%, with features extracted from the whole net reaching the maximum, and overcoming results obtained with the standard procedure in all cases. Correlations with clinical scales were identified across functional domains, from motor and cognitive abilities to fatigue and depression.ConclusionApplying a robust feature selection procedure to quantitative structural connectomes, we were able to classify MS patients with excellent accuracy, while providing information on the white matter connections and gray matter regions more affected by MS pathology.
Drivers of intraspecific differentiation of an alpine cold‐tolerant herb, Notopterygium oviforme: Roles of isolation by distance and ecological factors
Authors: Liu Mi‐Li , Shang Qian‐Han , Cheng Yan‐Jun , Wang Na , Sa Wei , Li Bao‐Guo , Li Zhong‐Hu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDetermining the mechanisms that drive phenotypic and genetic divergence by species has been a central topic in evolutionary biology for many years. However, the relative contributions of isolation by distance (IBD) and environment factors to species divergence are largely unknown in perennial herbs in East Asia. In this study, we collected population genetic samples of the cold‐tolerant perennial herb Notopterygium oviforme R. H. Shan in central China. We integrated the population transcriptomes, whole chloroplast genomes, genotyping‐by‐sequencing, microsatellite markers, and ecological factors to determine the relative contributions of geography, climate, and soil factors to genetic, chemical, and phenotypic divergence. A clear genetic distinction was identified between the West Qinling and East Qinling Mountains geographical groups of N. oviforme based on various molecular datasets. Interestingly, obvious niche conservation might have been responsible for the similarity of most of the leaf functional traits in the two groups. Multiple matrix regression with randomization analysis showed that the spatial intraspecific divergence pattern was mainly due to IBD rather than isolation by environment. In addition, transcriptomic expression divergence and some ecological factors have played key roles in intraspecific lineage differentiation. Approximate Bayesian Computation showed that both lineages have experienced historical population expansion and recent range contraction. Molecular dating suggested that intraspecific divergence was closely associated with dramatic uplifts of the Qinling Mountains in East Asia. These results demonstrate that geographical, geological, and environmental factors together shaped cryptic intraspecific diversification and shifts in the population dynamics of the perennial cold‐tolerant herb N. oviforme.
Fruits of Firmiana and Craigia (Malvaceae) from the Eocene of the Central Tibetan Plateau with emphasis on biogeographic history
Authors: Del Rio Cédric , Wang Teng‐Xiang , Li Shu‐Feng , Jia Lin‐Bo , Chen Pei‐Rong , Spicer Robert A. , Wu Fei‐Xiang , Zhou Zhe‐Kun , Su Tao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe fossil record evidences an old origin and diversification of Malvaceae in the Northern Hemisphere. The central Tibetan Plateau was at a low elevation with a monsoon influence during the Eocene, allowing the development of a subtropical flora containing Malvaceae. The taxonomic study of fossils from the Eocene of what is now the Tibetan Plateau is still ongoing. Malvaceae fossils from the Eocene Jianglang flora, are attributed to sub‐families Tilioideae and Sterculioideae, and are compared with modern species. A new specimen of Firmiana is described based on a fruit valve with a pinnate venation, the secondary veins starting at the ventral suture and reaching the midvein, and the seeds attached at the proximal part of the ventral suture. This specimen represents the earliest known occurrence of the genus. A new occurrence of Craigia is also reported based on detached membranous valves of a fruit capsule with a prominent fusiform locular area and radiating venation. Based on the fossil record of Firmiana and its modern distribution, we infer that the genus may have originated in East Asia and subsequently diversified in South China and Southeast Asia. The new occurrence of Craigia indicates that the genus was distributed in humid areas in South, Southwest and North China during the Eocene. Both fossil records evidence the important role that the Tibetan region played in the diversification of plants in East and Southeast Asia.
Texture and viscoelastic characteristics of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) surimi affected by combination of washing regimes and hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Badfar Narjes , Abdollahi Mehdi , Stubbe Peter Reimer , Jafarpour Ali 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to apply H2O2 at different concentrations in combination with mince:water (M:W) ratios and different washing cycles (WCs) to produce surimi gel from silver carp without compromising its quality characteristics. Color, texture, microstructure, and rheological properties of surimi gels were investigated. Water holding capacity, texture profile, and gel strength showed a greater dependency on number of WCs than the M:W ratios and percentage of H2O2 (p < .05), that is, higher WCs, firmer surimi gel. Accordingly, T2 (one WC, 2% H2O2, 1:3), T10 (two WC, 1% H2O2, 1:2), and T16 (three WC, 1% H2O2, 1:2) treatments resulted the most cohesive and resilient surimi compared with the rest (p < .05), confirmed by scanning electron microscopy images. However, all treated fish mince samples with H2O2, resulted in a surimi gel with lower texture quality compared with the control surimi prepared by conventional washing process without H2O2 (p < .05). A temperature sweep test was conducted based on the linear viscoelastic region stress and frequency values and the aforementioned surimi gels exhibited an obvious valley shape pattern at temperature range of 48–62°C. In the creep–recovery test, the Burgers model satisfactorily described the internal structure of the surimi gel samples as the lowest deformation belonged to the control samples followed by T2. However, after 300 s strain, neither of surimi gels were fully recovered their original shape. Altogether, further studies are needed to clarify the effects of H2O2 in reduction of WCs, without significantly affecting the textural and rheological properties of resultant surimi gel.
Antifungal activity of puroindoline protein from soft wheat against grain molds and its potential as a biocontrol agent
Authors: Tian P.P. , Lv Y.Y. , Wei S. , Zhang S.B. , Zheng X.T. , Hu Y.S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mold growth reduces the quality of stored grains, besides producing toxins that pose a potential threat to human health. Therefore, prevention of grain mold growth during storage is important to ensure a safe and high-quality product, preferably using an eco-friendly antifungal agent. The puroindoline (PIN) protein was extracted by Triton X-114 and identified by QE mass spectrometry. Aspergillus flavus has attracted much attention because of its toxic secondary metabolites, and PIN protein showed a significant inhibition on A. flavus growth. Scanning electron microscopy revealed altered spore morphology of A. flavus following PIN protein treatment, and propidium iodide staining showed incomplete spore cell membranes. The disruption and deformation of A. flavus spores suggest that the cell walls and cell membranes were compromised. Decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen specieswere detected using JC-1 and 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining, respectively. PIN protein could effectively inhibit the growth and aflatoxins B1 production of A. flavus in stored grains, such as wheat and rice. PIN proteins can inhibit the growth of many common grain storage molds, including Penicillium, Aspergillus spp. (A. flavus, A. glaucus, A. kawachii, A. ochraceus and A. niger), Alternaria and Fusarium graminearum, in a dose-dependent manner. PIN protein has a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of grain molds, with a stronger inhibitory effect noted in wheat and rice. Our study provides a novel and simple theoretical basis for the selection and storage of mold resistance in grains and food during storage.
Factors associated with swallowing dysfunction in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Vermaire Jorine A. , Raaijmakers Cornelis P. J. , Monninkhof Evelyn M. , Verdonck‐de Leeuw Irma M. , Terhaard Chris H. J. , Speksnijder Caroline M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate swallowing function in relation to personal and clinical factors among patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) from diagnosis up to 2 years after treatment.MethodsThe 100 ml water swallow test was measured before treatment, and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment. Linear mixed‐effects model analysis was conducted to investigate changes over time and the association with personal (sex and age) and clinical (tumor site, tumor stage, and treatment modality) factors.ResultsAmong 128 included patients, number of swallows increased from baseline to 3 months after treatment and decreased to baseline again at 6 months after treatment. The number of swallows was associated with age and treatment modality.ConclusionsIn patients with HNC, swallowing (dys)function changes over time with the worst score 3 months after treatment. A higher age and being treated with surgery are factors associated with swallowing dysfunction over time.
Effects of local government social media use on citizen compliance during a crisis: Evidence from the COVID‐19 crisis in China
Authors: Jiang Hanchen , Tang Xiao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractImproving citizen compliance is a major goal of public administration, especially during crises. Although social media are widely used by government agencies across the globe, it is still unclear that whether the use of social media can help local governments improve citizen compliance especially during crises. Based on an original daily panel dataset of 189 cities in China during COVID‐19, this study provides empirical evidence for the positive effect that crisis‐related social media posts published by local government agencies has on citizen compliance. In addition, this effect is mediated by the topic of prevention measures in social media posts, and is stronger in cities with higher GDP per capita, better educated citizens and wider internet coverage. The findings imply that social media is an efficient and low‐cost tool to assist local government agencies to achieve public administration objectives during crises, and its efficacy is largely dependent on regional socioeconomic status.
Securitization and Forced Migration in Kenya: A Policy Transition from Integration to Encampment
Authors: Agwanda Billy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article explores forced migration and policy transition in East Africa using the case study of Kenya—a key regional destination for forced migrants. Using a descriptive and historical approach to highlight the dynamics of forced migration (1990–2021), the study emphasizes on what factors underlie the change of policy from integration to encampment. The author argues that central to this transition are discourses on national security, domestic, and regional politics. Using the theory of securitization, the study finds that assumptive blames on forced migrants expose them to greater vulnerabilities, while failure to recognize the challenges facing host states also undermines the management of forced migrants. The author concludes that the principles of global cosmopolitanism should underlie response and that when critical national interests necessitate stricter limitations on the extent to which forced migrants can enjoy certain rights and freedoms, then the international community must strive to play a greater role to minimize risks to both host nations and forced migrants.
Pathogen‐induced hydraulic decline limits photosynthesis and starch storage in grapevines (Vitis sp.)
Authors: Fanton Ana Clara , Furze Morgan E. , Brodersen Craig R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractXylella fastidiosa (Xf) is the bacterial pathogen responsible for Pierce's Disease (PD) in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) and numerous diseases in agriculturally and ecologically important species. Current theory suggests that localized inoculations via insect feeding lead to bacterial spread through the xylem, reducing water transport capacity, leading to declines in productivity, and ultimately death. Yet, the underlying mechanisms of Xf‐induced mortality are not fully understood. In this study, we documented the development of PD symptoms over 12–13 weeks postinoculation. Subsequently assessed photosynthetic capacity, starch storage, and stem hydraulics in four grapevine genotypes (two PD‐resistant and two PD‐susceptible), comparing those physiological changes to control plants. PD‐susceptible genotypes showed a coordinated decline in photosynthesis, starch storage, and stem hydraulics, whereas Xf‐inoculation led to no change in starch and stem hydraulics in the PD‐resistant genotypes. Together these data support the idea of a link between loss of hydraulic conductivity due to tylosis production with a downstream photosynthetic decline and starch depletion in the PD‐susceptible genotypes. Our data support the theory that hydraulic failure and carbon starvation underlie plant mortality resulting from PD.
Animal sentience
Authors: Browning Heather , Birch Jonathan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract‘Sentience’ sometimes refers to the capacity for any type of subjective experience, and sometimes to the capacity to have subjective experiences with a positive or negative valence, such as pain or pleasure. We review recent controversies regarding sentience in fish and invertebrates and consider the deep methodological challenge posed by these cases. We then present two ways of responding to the challenge. In a policy‐making context, precautionary thinking can help us treat animals appropriately despite continuing uncertainty about their sentience. In a scientific context, we can draw inspiration from the science of human consciousness to disentangle conscious and unconscious perception (especially vision) in animals. Developing better ways to disentangle conscious and unconscious affect is a key priority for future research.
Retail power in distribution channels: A double‐edged sword for upstream suppliers
Authors: He Yuhong , Ray Saibal , Yin Shuya 
Published: March 2022

In distribution channels, the growing popularity of downstream retailers is a cause of both delight and despair for their upstream suppliers. While such retailers can generate more sales for the suppliers, they may also have higher leverage during any bargaining. This paper uses an analytical model to explore how a supplier's preference about the structure of her retail distribution channel is shaped by (1) the level of substitutability between the end products sold by the retailers, (2) the correlation between the popularity of the retailers and their bargaining power, and (3) the intensity of competition from other channels. In our base model, a monopolist supplier sells two substitutable products to two retailers who then sell to end customers. The two retailers are asymmetric in their ability to attract customers and their bargaining power during any contract negotiation with the supplier is proportional to that attraction potential. Analysis of the model and its extension reveals a number of robust insights, irrespective of whether the negotiation between the channel partners is about profit allocation or about wholesale price. First, an ideal situation for the supplier is that less asymmetric retailers sell differentiated products while more asymmetric ones sell similar products. That is, a supplier whose products are quite substitutable should not be too concerned about a dominant retail partner, but one selling differentiated products should be worried. Second, a stronger correlation between the retailers' popularity and their bargaining power makes the retail structure with less asymmetric retailers preferable from the supplier's perspective. Finally, the presence of competing channels selling substitutable variants significantly impacts the supplier's preference about its own channel structure, and a high level of channel competition reverses some of the above findings.
Prognosis assessment model based on low serum calcium in patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism
Authors: Yang Yu‐qing , Wang Xin , Zhang Yun‐jian , Chen Yan‐fan , Wang Ling , Hu Xiao‐wen , Niu Ling , Pu Hong‐mei , Zhang Xin , Zhang Zhen , Wang Lan , Chen Fang‐wei , Shi Juhong , Ji Ying‐qun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe pulmonary embolism severity index (PESI) and simplified PESI (sPESI) are recommended to recognize patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) with low prognosis risk, which is of great significance for treatment. This study aims to verify the influence of hypocalcaemia on the prognosis of patients with PTE and to establish a new prognosis assessment model.MethodsThis is an observational, multicentre study enrolling patients with PTE from February 2010 to June 2020 across 12 Chinese hospitals. Variables in PESI, serum calcium levels and patient survival status as of 5 July 2020 were collected. The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity and Youden index were used to evaluate model performance.ResultsIn the cohort of 4196 patients with PTE, independent associations existed between hypocalcaemia and mid‐ and long‐term mortalities (p <0.05). By including hypocalcaemia, the new 30‐day death risk prediction rule, Peking Union Medical College Hospital rule (PUMCH rule), showed significantly higher specificity (0.622 [0.582, 0.661]; p <0.001) than the PESI (0.514 [0.473, 0.554]) and sPESI (0.484 [0.444, 0.525]) and similar sensitivity (0.963 [0.810, 0.999]; p = 0.161) with PESI (0.889 [0.708, 0.976]) and sPESI (0.963 [0.810, 0.999]) in the internal validation cohort. Well‐performing predictive validity was also verified on a constructed external validation cohort.ConclusionHypocalcaemia is independently associated with mid‐ and long‐term PTE mortalities. The PUMCH rule showed significantly higher specificity than the PESI and sPESI and similar sensitivity, which may be used as a prognostic assessment tool for patients with acute PTE.
Residential property insurance and markets: Florida's QUASR data
Authors: Dumm Randy , Eckles David L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSection 624.424(10) of the Florida Statutes requires insurers doing business in the State of Florida to file quarterly residential property insurance reports (commercial and residential) to the Florida Office of Insurance Regulation via the Quality Supplemental Report (QUASR) system. The data are reported quarterly at the county level for 13 distinct lines of business and include information on policies in force (and underlying changes in polices during the quarter), premiums, and exposures. The QUASR data are unusual in their level of granularity and as such, should be of potential value to researchers pursuing research topics in the areas of market competition, insurance market development, and insurer/insurance market performance as well as to instructors considering projects involving data management, market and insurer‐level analysis, missing data imputation methods, forecasting, or projects that examine changes across periods of market disruptions and recovery.
PostCOVID‐19 exit strategies and emerging markets economic challenges
Authors: Aizenman Joshua , Ito Hiro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe study emerging markets' 1980s lost growth decade, triggered by the massive reversal of the snowball effect in the US during 1974–1984, finding that higher flow costs of servicing debt overhang explain the dramatic decline in growth rates of exposed emerging markets. We also show how lowering the US cost of servicing its public debt has been associated with higher US, Japan, and Western Europe real output growth rates during the post WWII recovery decades, 1946–1956, and validate that fiscal adjustments of large countries have strong growth and volatility spillovers effects on exposed emerging markets and developing countries.