bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The State-of-art Analytical Models and Detectors for Black Holes
Authors: Yu Zehua 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Since the 19th century, human beings have a much better understanding on the black holes with the fast progress on the optical detection technology. In this paper, the recent progress and the state-of-art detection scenarios for black holes are discussed, especially for the primordial black holes. With the result of evidence and theory, the current status of detecting black holes is detailly demonstrated. Specifically, five parts will be presented, the formation of the black holes, the growth of the black holes, the types of the black holes, the detection of the black holes and the relationship between primordial black holes and black matter. Overall, these results shed light on the astrophysics, the interaction between the black holes and the surrounding heavenly bodies and the universe with deeper insight.
Design and Simulation of a Position and Average Velocity Closed-loop Control Method of a Hydraulic Servo System
Authors: Mao Xuyao , Duan Wei , Xiang Chao , Wu Chao , Wang Ze 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A concise position and average velocity closed-loop control method based on PID of
valve controlled hydraulic systems is proposed for both positional precise control and average
velocity precise control. First, set the target position and the target average velocity; secondly,
the average velocity closed-loop control is preferentially carried out at start-up; thirdly, switch
to the position closed-loop control circuit when the ratio of the actual position to the target
position reaches a critical value; at last, adjust the PID parameters to a proper configuration.
The simulations show that this method can acquire both the position and the average velocity
control with sufficient accuracy at the same time, in which the position deviation can be less
than 0.001% and the average velocity deviation is 2.08%. In addition, the simulations indicate
that the system can maintain almost the same precision of the position control and the average
velocity control by adding an external load as a disturbance item.
Numerical simulation study on the optimization of the central ejector intake tube
Authors: Jing Qi , Xu Wanwu , Ye Wei , Zhang Zhenkang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A CFD numerical simulation study was conducted for the primary flow non-axial inlet L/Y intake tube ejector. The effects of different configurations of the inlet piping on the secondary flow of the ejector were analyzed in terms of total pressure loss, separation zone volume, and velocity uniformity. The results showed that: the volume of the separation zone decreases with the increase of secondary flow total pressure. The L intake tube causes a larger separation zone under the same working condition. When the total pressure of secondary flow is 20kPa, the volume of the separation zone caused by the L intake tube reaches 15 times that of the Y intake tube, and the total pressure loss is 2.3 times that of the Y intake tube. A smaller separation zone has less effect on the flow field structure, resulting in better velocity uniformity in the mixing chamber inlet section of the Y intake tube ejector.
Changes in day–night dominance of combined day and night heatwave events in China during 1979–2018
Authors: Gao Shengjun , Chen Yunhao , Li Kangning , He Bin , Cui Ying , Hou Peng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
China has experienced varying degrees of increase or decrease in daytime and nighttime heatwaves, but studies have mostly been at the site or grid scale, and it remains unclear how daytime and nighttime heatwave events in China vary regionally when spatial scales are considered. Here, we redefine the different types of heatwave events in China from 1979 to 2018 as combined day and night heatwave events (CDNHWEs) and independent daytime (nighttime) heatwave events. Due to more pronounced spatiotemporal characteristics, CDNHWEs are the dominant heatwave events in China. Further analysis of the dominant heatwave events indicates that their increase in intensity is stronger at night than during the day, i.e. for CDNHWEs, the daytime-dominated events are gradually replaced by nighttime-dominated events. Compared to 1979–2003, there has been an increase in dominant heatwave events mainly in the south during the day and a nationwide increase at night since 2004. For CDNHWEs, daytime and nighttime processes are regulated by different mechanisms. During the daytime, fewer clouds enhance solar shortwave radiation, favouring daytime heatwaves; however, the increase in aerosols in northern China suppresses solar shortwave radiation. At night, the increase in humidity allows for increased longwave radiation, which favours the formation of nighttime heatwaves across the country. These findings further demonstrate the regional variability of heatwave hazards experienced in China and that targeted heatwave-mitigation measures should be developed based on regional characteristics.
Multidecadal changes in biology influence the variability of the North Atlantic carbon sink
Authors: Ostle Clare , Landschützer Peter , Edwards Martin , Johnson Martin , Schmidtko Sunke , Schuster Ute , Watson Andrew J , Robinson Carol 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The North Atlantic Ocean is the most intense marine sink for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) in the world’s oceans, showing high variability and substantial changes over recent decades. However, the contribution of biology to the variability and trend of this sink is poorly understood. Here we use in situ plankton measurements, alongside observation-based sea surface CO2 data from 1982 to 2020, to investigate the biological influence on the CO2 sink. Our results demonstrate that long term variability in the CO2 sink in the North Atlantic is associated with changes in phytoplankton abundance and community structure. These data show that within the subpolar regions of the North Atlantic, phytoplankton biomass is increasing, while a decrease is observed in the subtropics, which supports model predictions of climate-driven changes in productivity. These biomass trends are synchronous with increasing temperature, changes in mixing and an increasing uptake of atmospheric CO2 in the subpolar North Atlantic. Our results highlight that phytoplankton play a significant role in the variability as well as the trends of the CO2 uptake from the atmosphere over recent decades.
Water markets’ promise: the Murray–Darling Basin
Authors: Debaere Peter , Li Tianshu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The very advanced and well-designed water markets in the Murray–Darling Basin are the result of long and complex reforms. Using state-level export data for agricultural and manufacturing sectors, we study the impact of water markets on the allocation of water through the first (1994–2006) and second reform periods (2007–2015), relative to when the markets’ foundations were laid (1988–1993). We find water markets trigger a shift away from the water-intensive (less water-productive) sectors that is most pronounced during droughts in the first reform period. However, improvements in technology and techniques that reduce water intensity (increase water productivity) partially offset such a shift. We also document an inter-sectoral shift of activity between agriculture and manufacturing, as well as address some recent criticisms of water markets’ effectiveness.
Airborne geophysical method images fast paths for managed recharge of California’s groundwater
Authors: Knight Rosemary , Steklova Klara , Miltenberger Alex , Kang Seogi , Goebel Meredith , Fogg Graham 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Given the substantial groundwater level declines in the Central Valley of California, there is an urgent need to supplement the recharge of the groundwater systems by implementing managed aquifer recharge. With approximately 170 km3 (140 million acre-feet) of available groundwater storage space, water deemed to be excess during wet years could be spread on the ground surface at selected locations allowing it to move downward to recharge the underlying aquifer system. Along the eastern edge of the Central Valley there are large paleovalleys that can act as fast paths expediting the downward movement of water. These paleovalleys, incised and then filled with coarse-grained materials—sand, gravel, cobbles—at the end of the last glacial period, are referred to as incised valley fill (IVF) deposits. An IVF deposit has been mapped at one location in the Kings River alluvial fan, with others proposed to exist in the fans of major rivers. If located, these deposits would be optimal sites for managed recharge. In this study, we assessed the use of a helicopter-deployed geophysical method to efficiently locate IVF deposits throughout the Central Valley. We acquired 542 line-kilometers of airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data in the Kings River alluvial fan, with dense line-spacing over the Kings River IVF deposit which had been mapped as ∼2 km wide, extending over 20 km into the Central Valley, from the ground surface to a depth of 30 m. The IVF deposit was unambiguously imaged in the AEM data as an extensive linear feature that was more electrically resistive than the surrounding materials due to the high percentage of coarse-grained sediments. This study provides the evidence to support the rapid adoption of the AEM method to locate IVF deposits along the eastern edge of the Central Valley. These deposits provide valuable natural infrastructure for recharging California’s groundwater.
Good Environmental Governance Model in Domestic Waste Management in Batang Arau, West Sumatera
Authors: Frinaldi A , Saputra B , Mubarak A , Jumiati  , Renaldi I , Humaida H 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
River damage is often caused by human activities, one of which is massive domestic waste pollution in river flows. Using the Good Environmental Governance model, this study analyzes domestic waste management in Batang Arau, Padang City. This type of qualitative research with data analysis techniques Manual Data Analysis Procedure (MDAP). The results show that the domestic waste management of the Batang Arau City of Padang has not yet implemented the Good Environmental Governance model. Field data illustrates several pillars of Good Environmental Governance, such as low community participation, access to information on domestic waste management is not available, and Transparency and Accountability of domestic waste management in Batang Arau are constrained due to the difficulty of collecting domestic community data. Waste. Domestic waste processing in Padang City has not been decentralized and is still centralized. Environmental management institutions in Padang City have not been well integrated because there are still sectoral egos between institutions. The obstacle to managing Batang Arau domestic waste is that the Wastewater Treatment Plant in the city of Padang has not appropriately been facilitated in the city of Padang.
Analysis of Ranjo Batu Community Perception of Unlicensed Gold Mining Activities on Environmental Quality
Authors: Mubarak A , Saputra B , Frinaldi A , Triono A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Since 2008, the activity of gold mining without a permit in Ranjo Batu Village has always been a polemic. There have been pros and cons in the community. Some people get various benefits, but others feel disadvantaged, giving rise to various perceptions. In this article, we focus more on the environmental aspect. The most apparent impact of mining activities is a decrease in environmental quality, but some people seem to ignore it because a pragmatic view is maintained. This study aims to comprehensively determine the publics perception of the environmental aspects of gold mining activities without a permit in Ranjo Batu Village. The research method uses descriptive and quantitative data. Data were obtained by distributing valid and reliable questionnaires to 95 respondents from a total population of 1,736 people. The descriptive analysis method will use the descriptive analysis method a percentage with the category of respondent achievement level (TCR). The results showed that the publics perception of environmental aspects was included in the unfavorable category, 53.61%. This perception score indicates that illegal gold mining from a community perspective hurts the environment, both in the water, on land, and in the air.
The effectiveness of EM4 and Local Micro-organisms (LOM) Activators in Organic Waste Processing in Brikama Market West Coast Region, The Gambia
Authors: Jassey Babucarr , Syafrudin  , Zaman Badrus , Ceesay Kemo , Touray Ibrahim , Ngum Juma , Prakoso Habibi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Compost is the result of decaying process of organic materials due to the interaction between decomposing microorganisms found within. Compost is a type of organic fertilizer that originates from decomposed organic materials. Observations at Brikama Market indicated 20 vegetable vendors with at least 5 pieces of vegetables decaying, market sales decline by approximately 5 kg for every transaction. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of organic waste treatment using EM4 and LOM. This research is purely experimental, uses Posttest Group design and Independent Sample T-Test. This research was conducted in groups, with different forms of waste-treatments which included the use of EM4 and local microorganism activators and observed as it decays. The results obtained differences in the average processing of organic waste using EM4 and LOM activators. The average temperature of EM4 activator 29.89°C while LOM 29.97°C. The average humidity 48.67 for EM4 activator while LOM 49.64 and the average pH of EM4 activator 5.96 while LOM 5.43. The research revealed significant changes in EM4 and LOM activators seen from the measurement of temperature, humidity and pH. It is recommended to the community to participate in managing waste, especially organic waste by making compost using EM4 and LOM activators.
Analysis of Water Quality Change in Tourist Attractions to Reduce Ecological Destruction: Perspectives on Science and Environmental Theology
Authors: Abas Zainul , Anggrella Dita Purwinda , Husen Fathurrohman , Purwono Purwono 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aims to determine changes in water quality due to water tourism activities in Umbul Ponggok and Jumog Waterfall, Central Java, Indonesia. This research uses a mixed-method approach that combines science (laboratory tests) and environmental theology study. Water samples were taken from tourism locations and then analyzed in the laboratory. Environmental theology studies were conducted by interviewing managers & visitors to find out about the care and utilization of water sources. Based on statistical tests, the pH, Temperature, TDS, and conductivity values of the water at the research location did not change significantly; both the quality of the water from the source, the water when it was used and the water after it was used for water tourism activities. The water pH at the Umbul Ponggok tourist and Jumog Waterfall is between 8.7-9.1 and 8-8.1, respectively. Water temperature ranges between 20-21°C and 24- 25°C. TDS levels ranged from 67-121 mg/L, and water in the Umbul Ponggok ranged from 126-129 mg/L. Jumog waterfall's water conductivity is 123-217 mg/L and Umbul Ponggok 235-240 mg/L. The implementation of environmental theology was shown by the existence of preventive and curative actions against water pollution that water tourism managers have carried out.
Development of Agritourism Potential as an Alternative Form to Preservation of Rural Environment in Samboja East Kalimantan
Authors: Pakalla Virgilia Anna Gustiniani , Ghozali Achmad 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The relocation of the capital city of Republic Indonesia to East Kalimantan, which is called Nusantara, will certainly increase resident migration to East Kalimantan. This relocation will affect the tourism activity needs. Although, it can also threaten the existence of water system, flora and fauna, pollution and other environmental damage. Samboja, one of Subdistrict of Kutai Kartanegara, is the buffer zones of Nusantara. Samboja has a great potential for developing agritourism because it has the largest land area and amount of agricultural production in Kutai Kartanegara. The combination of agriculture and tourism or called agritourism is a form of creative economic development in the agricultural sector that provides added value to agribusiness and also can contribute to the rural environment preservation. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the agritourism development in Samboja by identify the agritourism potential using scoring analysis with the 4A approach, namely Attraction. Accessibility, Amenity and Ancillary. The results of this research showed that the potential attractions in Samboja Subdistrict are agricultural land, various agricultural commodities, and agricultural activities carried out in the forms of planting, management, and harvesting. Then, the villages with high potential classification for agritourism development are Handil Baru, Sanipah and Karya Jaya.
Study on the analysis of demographic data based on spatial information systems
Authors: Wijaya A P , Nugraha A L , Sukmono A , Firdaus H S 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The demography database system should be very useful for various purposes in resolving socio-economic problems, such as the distribution of charity, especially for people affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. But unfortunately, the demography database system in Indonesia still has many problems. Things to consider are that there is no integration between databases at the central and local governments, and there is no synchronization of data between institutions. The next problem is that our demographic database system is not based on spatial information. Therefore, we need a demography database system that is integrated with the spatial information system. This study aims to integrate a demographic database system into a spatial information system. The demographic database system in principle always refers to certain administrative units, such as villages, subdistricts, districts/cities, and the state. The administrative unit can contain information about a geographic perspective, such as elevation, position, topography, etc. As a result, in addition to demographic policies, geographic perspectives can be considered, and the identification of asynchronous data between central and local governments becomes easier. In addition, there are impacts, which need to be considered in transforming tabular to spatial data, such as; scale factor, generalization, and classification.
Climate Change Issue and Consumer Behavior in Purchasing Beauty Product
Authors: Pitaloka Lola Kurnia , Widiatami Anna Kania 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to see how consumer awareness, trust, and social influence can interest consumers buy green cosmetic products. This research is an exploratory quantitative analysis with Structural Equation Model as a data analysis with warpPLS as a tool analysis. The population is active users of cosmetic products in Indonesia with an age range of 15 to 35 years. The sampling technique used accidental sampling because there were no exact data and the sample are 100 respondents. Data collected using a close questionnaire. In this study, all variables affect consumer purchasing decisions as large as 0,03 and 0,001, but this study found that social influences weaken brand trust. It can be said that the green character of consumers is still difficult to form. Consumers, as a social individual, still depend on the decisions of others because they want to be accepted in their environment. Unfortunately, there are still many people in Indonesia who do not have a strong green character. Awareness of climate change still needs improvement, and it requires the commitment of environmental organizations to socialize the dangers of climate change and increase the green character in the community to influence consumer purchases.
Analysis of Diversity Level and Vegetation Structural Composition Post Restoration at Resort Cangkringan Mount Merapi National Park
Authors: Kusumaningrum Lia , Setyono Prabang , Sunarhadi Muhammad Amin , Sholiqin Muchammad , Hermawan Bagus , Berlin Gavriel Enos 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Mount Merapi eruption in 2010 caused a total of 1,128 ha of damage to Mount Merapi National Park (MMNP). The MMNP Center carried out planting activities as a restoration activity in an area that had a fairly severe impact on Cangkringan Resort. This research is located at Cangkringan Resort in the restoration area of Klangon and Kali Kuning. This study aims to determine the level of diversity and vegetation structure after 10 years of post restoration. Analysis of the composition and structure is important to assess biodiversity and determine the success rate of restoration of the MMNP ecosystem damaged by the eruption. This research uses the line and line transect method with quantitative data analysis by Shanon Weiner and Evenness. This study found 45 plant species in Klangon and 34 plant species in Kali Kuning. The results show that the total level of diversity in Cangkringan Resort MMNP is moderate (1.465), the level of evenness in Klangon is moderate (0.444) and in Kali Kuning moderate (0.346). Therefore, the level of diversity and uniformity of the vegetation at Cangkringan Resort MMNP is at the medium classification level and shows a better change in the improvement of the vegetation.
The Bias in SPARCLE Measurements
Authors: Romadhon Moch Syarif 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
SPARCLE is an optical particle counter (OPC) designed to measure particle size and refractive index in the size range between 500 nm and 2500 nm. The knowledge of the parameters is essential for understanding the aerosol impact on the Earth's radiative forcing. There are other instruments which try to measure the parameters simultaneously, however, those instruments need either ad hoc scaling factors or further manipulation to their outputs to retrieve the parameters. In contrast to those instruments, no manipulation is needed in retrieving the parameters from SPARCLE outputs. SPARCLE measurements suffer a bias due to various factors. In this paper, those factors are evaluated and the impact of the bias on simulated SPARCLE measurements is demonstrated. The results indicate that the bias introduces additional structures to measured size distribution.
Effect of drying duration on the water content of durian peel waste for bio pellet
Authors: Pusparizkita Yustina M , Hidayatullah Alif F , Anwar Norrisal F , Junaidi J , Sudarno S 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Bio pellet is popular as an alternative solid fuel for replacing firewood and coal. In this study, the biomass used as raw material for making bio pellets is durian peel. Due to the high-water content, durian peel must be dried before being processed into a bio pellet. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze three variable time effects of drying duration at a temperature of 100°C on the water content of durian peel. The results showed that the water content of durian skin after drying for 6, 12, and 24 hours was 11,04%; 8,09%; and 3,75%. The most extended drying duration will produce the driest raw materials and the lowest moisture content. Nevertheless, the drying time that has the appropriate moisture content for the raw material for making pellets was 6 and 12 hours.