bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Newborns with Non-COVID-19 Pneumonia Hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit during the COVID-19 Pandemic, Turkey, Izmir 2020–2021
Authors: Soysal Buse , Özdemir Senem Alkan , Gönüllü Ahmet , Kalkanlı Oğuz Han , Ayhan Fahri Yüce , Çalkavur Şebnem , Yıldırım Tülin Gökmen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective In this study, we aimed to compare the clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings of noncoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) viral agents in newborn infants hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infection during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods This prospective cross-sectional study conducted between 11 March 2020 and 31 July 2021 included neonates with lower respiratory tract infections admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the Dr. Behcet Uz Children's Hospital. Nasopharyngeal swab samples were taken from all hospitalized patients for multiplex respiratory polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) PCR. The detection of respiratory viral pathogens was performed by multiplex real-time PCR assay (Bosphore Respiratory Pathogens Panel Kit V4, Anatolia Geneworks, Turkey). Infants with SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity were excluded from the study. Patients' data were obtained from the electronic medical registry system. The non-COVID-19 viruses of the cases were analyzed according to seasonal variation (in/off-season). The pulmonary findings of the cases were classified as normal, infiltration, air bronchogram, and reticulogranular appearance at the time of admission.
Results A total of 80 infants were included during the study period. A multiplex PCR test was performed to identify viral agents affecting the lower respiratory tract of infants; it was determined that 31% (25 out of 80) were respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), 41% (33 out of 80) were rhinovirus (Rhino), and the remaining portion (28%, 22 out of 80) were other viral agents (enterovirus, bocavirus, adenovirus, influenza, and parainfluenza). Compared with Rhino and other viral agents, RSV was detected most frequently in seasonal hospitalizations (p < 0.05). When chest radiography and laboratory findings were evaluated, the rate of “infiltration” /“lymphopenia” was significantly associated with infants with RSV lower respiratory tract infections (p < 0.05).
Conclusion During the pandemic period, RSV affected the prognosis in intensive care unit admissions due to lower respiratory tract infection in newborns.
Frequentist and Bayesian Hypothesis Testing: An Intuitive Guide for Urologists and Clinicians
Authors: Gaona José , Sánchez Daniel , González Cesar , González Fabio , Rueda Angélica , Ortiz Sebastián 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGiven the limitations of frequentist method for null hypothesis significance testing, different authors recommend alternatives such as Bayesian inference. A poor understanding of both statistical frameworks is common among clinicians. The present is a gentle narrative review of the frequentist and Bayesian methods intended for physicians not familiar with mathematics. The frequentist p-value is the probability of finding a value equal to or higher than that observed in a study, assuming that the null hypothesis (H0) is true. The H0 is rejected or not based on a p threshold of 0.05, and this dichotomous approach does not express the probability that the alternative hypothesis (H1) is true. The Bayesian method calculates the probability of H1 and H0 considering prior odds and the Bayes factor (Bf). Prior odds are the researcher's belief about the probability of H1, and the Bf quantifies how consistent the data is concerning H1 and H0. The Bayesian prediction is not dichotomous but is expressed in continuous scales of the Bf and of the posterior odds. The JASP software enables the performance of both frequentist and Bayesian analyses in a friendly and intuitive way, and its application is displayed at the end of the paper. In conclusion, the frequentist method expresses how consistent the data is with H0 in terms of p-values, with no consideration of the probability of H1. The Bayesian model is a more comprehensive prediction because it quantifies in continuous scales the evidence for H1 versus H0 in terms of the Bf and the posterior odds.
Investigation on the photocurrent tailof vanadium-compensated 4H–SiC for microwave application
Authors: Fu Wentao , Wang Langning , Wang Bin , Chu Xu , Xun Tao , Yang Hanwu 
Published: September 2022

Vanadium-compensated semi-insulating 4H–SiC photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS) has been a promising candidate for frequency-agile microwave generation. This application usually requires the PCSS to operate in linear mode so that a short carrier lifetime is required. However, in our experiment, some samples showed a long tail of photocurrent when illuminated with 532 nm light. To investigate the cause of the tail, we performed photocurrent tests at 532 and 1064 nm for two 4H–SiC samples with different doping. From the experimental results, we deduce that the cause is a hole trap that was not investigated previously. To verify it, we constructed a versatile transient simulation model of 4H–SiC triggered at sub-bandgap light. The model can deal with amphoteric V in steady state, the extrinsic light absorption and recombination process with more than one trap level. The simulation results agree well with the experiments. By characterizing the properties of the trap, we deduce that the unintentional doping of aluminum’s shallow acceptor level functions as the hole trap.
The effect of acute manipulation of carbohydrate availability on high intensity running performance, running economy, critical speed, and substrate metabolism in trained Male runners
Authors: Ramonas Andrius , Laursen Paul B. , Williden Micalla , Kilding Andrew E. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTCompleting selected training sessions with reduced glycogen availability is associated with greater signalling and improved muscle oxidative capacity, although it may impact the overall quality of the session. We examined the effects of low carbohydrate availability on high intensity exercise performance, running economy, critical speed, and substrate metabolism. On two occasions, nine male runners (V̇O2peak 60.3 ± 3.3 mL.kg−1.min−1) completed a glycogen depletion protocol involving 90‐min at 75%vV̇O2peak followed by 10 × 1‐min at 110% vV̇O2peak. This was followed either by high (HIGH) or low (LOW) carbohydrate intake (>6 g.kg−1.day−1 and <50 g.day−1, respectively) until completion of a performance protocol on day 2 consisting of a series of time‐trials (TT) (50m to 3000m) and physiological assessments. There were no differences between LOW and HIGH for any TT distance (mean TT performance times for LOW and HIGH were: 3000m TT 651.7 ± 52.8s and 646.4 ± 52.5s, 1500 m TT 304.0 ± 20.2s and 304.2 ± 22.1s, 400 m TT 67.64 ± 4.2s and 67.3 ± 3.8s, 50 m TT 7.27 ± 0.44s and 7.25 ± 0.45s, respectively, P > 0.05), though some athletes performed better in LOW (n = 5). While fat oxidation in LOW was significantly greater than HIGH (Δ0.32 ± 0.14 g.min−1; P < 0.001 at 14 km.h−1 and Δ0.34 ± 0.12 g.min−1 at 16 km.h−1; P < 0.01), running economy did not differ between trials (P > 0.05). Acute manipulation of carbohydrate availability showed immediate effects on substrate metabolism evidenced by greater fat oxidation without changes in RE. Acute low carbohydrate availability did not affect high intensity running performance across a range of distances.
The accuracy of ten common resting metabolic rate prediction equations in men and women collegiate athletes
Authors: Fields Jennifer B. , Magee Meghan K. , Jones Margaret T. , Askow Andrew T. , Camic Clayton L. , Luedke Joel , Jagim Andrew R. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTPredictive resting metabolic rate (RMR) equations are widely used to determine total daily energy expenditure (TDEE). However, it remains unclear whether these predictive RMR equations accurately predict TDEE in the athletic populations. The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of 10 commonly used RMR prediction equations (Cunningham, De Lorenzo, Freire, Harris‐Benedict, Mifflin St. Jeor, Nelson, Owen, Tinsley, Watson, Schofield) in collegiate men and women athletes. One‐hundred eighty‐seven National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III men (n = 97) and women (n = 90) athletes were recruited to participate in one day of metabolic testing. RMR was measured using indirect calorimetry and body composition was analyzed using air displacement plethysmography. A repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analyses was selected to determine mean differences between measured and predicted RMR. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the accuracy of each RMR prediction method (p<0.05). All prediction equations significantly underestimated RMR (p<0.001), although there was no difference between the De Lorenzo and Watson equations and measured RMR (p = 1.00) for women, only. In men, the Tinsley and Freire equations were the most agreeable formulas with the lowest root‐mean‐square prediction error value of 404 and 412 kcals, respectively. In women, the De Lorenzo and Watson equations were the most agreeable equations with the lowest root‐mean‐squared error value of 171 and 211 kcals, respectively. The results demonstrate that such RMR equations may underestimate actual energy requirements of athletes and thus, practitioners should interpret such values with caution.
Deuteron electromagnetic form factors and tensor polarization observables in the framework of the hard-wall AdS/QCD model
Authors: Huseynova Narmin , Mamedov Shahin , Samadov Jannat 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We study the electromagnetic form factors and tensor polarization observables of the deuteron in the framework of the hard-wall AdS/QCD model. We find a profile function for the bulk twist

vector field, which describes the deuteron on the boundary and fix the infrared boundary cut-off of AdS space in accordance with the ground state mass of the deuteron. We obtain the deuteron charge monopole, quadrupole, and magnetic dipole form factors and tensor polarization observables from the bulk Lagrangians for the deuteron and photon field interactions. We plot the momentum transfer dependence of the form factors and tensor polarization observables and compare our numerical results with those in the soft-wall model and experimental data.
Two-photon physics at future electron-positron colliders*
Authors: Boyko I.R. , Bytev V.V. , Zhemchugov A.S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two photon collisions offer a variety of physics phenomena that can be studied at future electron-positron colliders. Using the planned CEPC parameters as a benchmark, we consider several topics within two-photon collisions. With the full integrated luminosity, Higgs boson photoproduction can be reliably observed, and large statistics on various quarkonium states can be collected. The LEP results for the photon structure function and tau lepton anomalous magnetic moment can be improved by 1-2 orders of magnitude.
Positive resolution of the wound-healing response in lens epithelial cells by Ti3C2TxMXene coatings for use in accommodative intraocular lens devices
Authors: Cooksley Grace , Dymond Marcus K , Stewart Nicolas A , Bucca Giselda , Hesketh Andrew , Lacey Joseph , Gogotsi Yury , Sandeman Susan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCataract surgery removes the diseased lens of the eye replacing it with an intraocular lens, restoring visual acuity. However, accommodation, the lens’ ability to provide dynamic change in focus, is lost. A number of accommodative intraocular lens (AIOL) designs have been considered although none have provided a truly effective clinical AIOL. Two-dimensional titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene has been used as a transparent conductive electrode within an AIOL feasibility study. Nevertheless, the potential for Ti3C2Txto repress excessive inflammation and promote wound healing following cataract surgery has not been considered. Cataract surgery can trigger chronic inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in residual lens epithelial cells (LECs), producing a fibrotic mass across the posterior capsule known as posterior capsule opacification (PCO). With a large surface area and capacity for surface functionalisation, MXene has properties enabling a dual purpose AIOL design with an additional therapeutic role in the repression of pathways leading to PCO development. In this study, Ti3C2TxMXene was investigated to determine its impact on pathways leading to chronic inflammation and EMT using anin vitroLECs model. Ti3C2TxMXene was synthesised and characterised using UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. Changes in markers linked to inflammation and EMT in Ti3C2Tx-treated LECs were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, scratch assay, RNA sequencing for whole-cell gene expression profiling and lipidomics analysis. Ti3C2Txsignificantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by interleukin 1 beta primed LECs and did not advocate EMT, promoting a positive resolution of the wound healing response. This study supports the role of Ti3C2Txwithin an AIOL design with the potential to repress key developmental pathways leading to PCO.
Atomic simulations of nanoscale friction behavior in polycrystalline alloy 690
Authors: Zhou Ai-Long , Bai Zhi-Wen , Hou Huai-Yu , Han Yao-Lei , Mei Jin-Na 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fretting wear is one of the most important failure forms of alloy 690 heat exchanger tubes in nuclear power plants. The key to understanding the fretting wear of alloys lies in the friction process, especially at the atomic scale. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were performed on alloy 690 to investigate the nanoscale friction behavior and its influencing factors, laying a foundation for further understanding the fretting wear mechanism of alloy 690. The friction processes of a single-asperity (probe) on a smooth polycrystalline surface (matrix) were investigated by molecular dynamics simulations at the atomic scale, and the variation law of friction force during the friction process was calculated. The factors that affected the friction force were discussed, including the pressing depth, temperature, and sliding speed of the probe, and the friction force was positively correlated with the pressing depth and sliding speed of the probe, while the temperature had little effect on the friction force. Observations of the generation and evolution of dislocations during the friction process and related factors such as grinding grooves and wear debris were also reported.
Modification of lignin by hexamethylene diisocyanate to synthesize lignin-based polyurethane as an organic polymer for marine polyurethane anticorrosive coatings
Authors: Wu Tao , Li Xiaobao , Ma Xiaolin , Ye Judi , Shen Liming , Tan Weimin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A green and facile preparation was used to synthesize modified lignin (ML) from alkaline lignin by using hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) as the modifier and tetrahydrofuran as the solvent without a catalyst. Then, the as-synthesized ML was dispersed in hydroxy acrylic resin and used to prepare modified lignin-based polyurethane composites by using HDI trimer as the curing agent and dibutyltin dilauric acid as the catalyst at room temperature. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and elemental analysis confirmed that the main chemical in ML was lignin urethane when the amount of HDI was 0.2 g. The tensile strength of the modified lignin-based polyurethane (MLPU-0.2) film using ML-0.2 reached 12.07 MPa, which was improved by 23.2% and 68.3% compared with that of the pure polyurethane (PU) film (9.79 MPa) and lignin-based polyurethane (LPU) film prepared using unmodified lignin (7.17 MPa), respectively. After the addition of lignin or ML, the elongation at break of the polyurethane film increased. The water contact angle of MLPU-0.2 increased up to 96°, which was higher than that of PU (74°) and LPU (68°). The pencil hardness of MLPU-0.2 (3 H) was higher than that of PU (H) and LPU (2 H). Modified lignin-based polyurethane shows promise for marine anticorrosive coatings.
Chromium doped NH2(CH3)2Ga(SO4)2 × 6H2O crystal – representative of a new family of magnetoelectric materials
Authors: Kapustianyk V , Eliyashevskyy Yu , Mostovoi U , Czapla Z , Tarasenko R , Tkáč V , Feher A , Čižmár E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The paper is devoted to the detailed study of electric and magnetic properties and magnetoelectric interactions in NH2(CH3)2Ga(SO4)2 × 6H2O crystals doped with chromium—DMAGaS:Cr. The temperature dependence of the specific heat revealed clear evidence of a series of phase transitions related to the electric dipoles ordering. The different types of the DMA cation ordering in the structure of DMAGaS:Cr were evidenced in the temperature evolution of the EPR spectra. In addition, a considerable magnetoelectric coupling was demonstrated within the paramagnetic and ferroelectric phase of DMAGaS:Cr crystal. In the narrow temperature range in the vicinity of the Curie point, this crystal was found to possess the largest values of the coefficient of ME interaction as well as the largest magnetodielectric effect within the family of ferroics with organic cation. The model describing the ME effect was proposed. The magnetic field through the magnetostriction effect changes the level of the local lattice deformations caused by metal ion substitution. The applied magnetic field changes Cr-Cr distances and modifies the hydrogen bonds and process of DMA group ordering, affecting spontaneous polarization.
Evaluation of welded joints of dissimilar titanium alloy Ti-5Al-2.5Sn and stainless-steel 304 at different multi-interlayer modes
Authors: Jawad Muhammad , Jahanzaib Mirza , Ilyas Muhammad 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Products manufactured by joining titanium and stainless steel are of great attention to the modern-day industries (aerospace and nuclear) due to their several benefits like high strength, low cost, and corrosion resistance. However, it is difficult to join these alloys owing to the formation of TiFe, Ti2Fe, and TiFe2 compounds which damage their mechanical properties. This study aims to evaluate the microstructural and mechanical properties of titanium alloy Ti-5Al-2.5Sn and stainless steel 304 joints. Joining was performed through pulse–gas tungsten arc welding (P-GTAW) by inserting the Nb-Cu multi-interlayer. The effects of welding speed, two multi-interlayer application modes, and arc offset on the microstructure and mechanical properties such as tensile strength and microhardness were investigated. The mechanical properties were evaluated through tensile and hardness tests while microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) supported by electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results revealed that sound and high-quality welds were achieved using a multi-interlayer, which inhibited the formation of TiFe, Ti2Fe, and TiFe2 brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs). Maximum joint strength of 327 MPa was achieved at a welding speed of 200 mm min−1, mode of multi-interlayer (Nb used as a foil and Cu as a wire) at no arc offsetting, whereas a low joint strength was obtained in the multi-interlayer mode (Nb and Cu both as foils), and arc offset towards SS. The SEM and EDS results revealed that a Cu solid solution was obtained in the fusion zone, which improved the tensile strength. Joint fracture surface analysis indicated that ductile fracture was obtained for high-strength and brittle fracture for the low-strength weld. It is evident that high hardness (400 HV) was obtained at a low welding speed (150 mm min−1) and an arc offset to the stainless steel side owing to the formation of TiCu and Ti2Cu phases, as revealed by the x-ray diffraction phase analysis.
A solution to Erdős and Hajnal’s odd cycle problem
Authors: Liu Hong , Montgomery Richard 
Published: September 2022

In 1981, Erdős and Hajnal asked whether the sum of the reciprocals of the odd cycle lengths in a graph with infinite chromatic number is necessarily infinite. Let

C

(
G
)

\mathcal {C}(G)

be the set of cycle lengths in a graph

G
G

and let

C

o
d
d

(
G
)

\mathcal {C}_{\mathrm {odd}}(G)

be the set of odd numbers in

C

(
G
)

\mathcal {C}(G)

. We prove that, if

G
G

has chromatic number

k
k

, then

∑

ℓ
∈

C

o
d
d

(
G
)

1

/

ℓ
≥
(
1

/

2
−

o
k

(
1
)
)
log
⁡
k

\sum _{\ell \in \mathcal {C}_{\mathrm {odd}}(G)}1/\ell \geq (1/2-o_k(1))\log k

. This solves Erdős and Hajnal’s odd cycle problem, and, furthermore, this bound is asymptotically optimal.

In 1984, Erdős asked whether there is some

d
d

such that each graph with chromatic number at least

d
d

(or perhaps even only average degree at least

d
d

) has a cycle whose length is a power of 2. We show that an average degree condition is sufficient for this problem, solving it with methods that apply to a wide range of sequences in addition to the powers of 2.

Finally, we use our methods to show that, for every

k
k

, there is some

d
d

so that every graph with average degree at least

d
d

has a subdivision of the complete graph

K
k

K_k

in which each edge is subdivided the same number of times. This confirms a conjecture of Thomassen from 1984.
A generalization of the GGR conjecture
Authors: Catoiu S. , Fejzić H. 
Published: September 2022

For each positive integer

n
n

, function

f
f

, and point

c
c

, the GGR Theorem states that

f
f

is

n
n

times Peano differentiable at

c
c

if and only if

f
f

is

n
−
1

n-1

times Peano differentiable at

c
c

and the following

n
n

-th generalized Riemann derivatives of

f
f

at

c
c

exist:
\[

lim

h
→
0

1

h

n

∑

i
=
0

n

(
−
1

)
i

(

n
i

)

f
(
c
+
(
n
−
i
−
k
)
h
)
,

\lim _{h\rightarrow 0}\frac 1{h^{n}}\sum _{i=0}^n(-1)^i\binom {n}{i}f(c+(n-i-k)h),

\]
for

k
=
0
,
…
,
n
−
1

k=0,\ldots ,n-1

. The theorem has been recently proved by Ash and Catoiu [Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN 2022, no. 10, pp. 7893–7921] and has been a conjecture by Ginchev, Guerraggio, and Rocca [Equivalence of Peano and Riemann derivatives, Generalized convexity and optimization for economic and financial decisions (Verona, 1998), Pitagora, Bologna, 1999] since 1998. We provide a new proof of this theorem, based on a generalization of it that produces numerous new sets of

n
n

-th Riemann smoothness conditions that can play the role of the above set in the GGR Theorem.