bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-Scale Longitudinal Comparison of Urine Cytological Classification Systems Reveals Potential Early Adoption of The Paris System Criteria
Authors: Levy Joshua J. , Liu Xiaoying , Marotti Jonathan D. , Kerr Darcy A. , Gutmann Edward J. , Glass Ryan E. , Dodge Caroline P. , Vaickus Louis J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUrine cytology is used to screen for urothelial carcinoma in patients with hematuria or risk factors (e.g., smoking, industrial dye exposure) and is an essential clinical triage and longitudinal monitoring tool for patients with known bladder cancer. However, urine cytology is semi-subjective and thus susceptible to issues including specimen quality, inter-observer variability, and “hedging” towards equivocal (“atypical”) diagnoses. These factors limit the predictive value of urine cytology and increase reliance on invasive procedures (cystoscopy). The Paris System for Reporting Urine Cytology (TPS) was formulated to provide more quantitative/reproducible endpoints with well-defined criteria for urothelial atypia. TPS is often compared to other assessment techniques to justify its adoption. TPS results in decreased use of the atypical category and better reproducibility. Previous manuscripts comparing diagnoses pre- and post-TPS lacked a longitudinal component and thus failed to consider temporal differences between diagnoses made under prior systems and TPS. By aggregating across time, studies may underestimate the magnitude of differences between assessment methods. We conducted a large-scale longitudinal reassessment of urine cytology using TPS criteria from specimens collected from 2008 to 2018, prior to the mid-2018 adoption of TPS at an academic medical center. Findings indicate that differences in atypical assignment were largest at the start of the period and these differences progressively decreased towards insignificance just prior to TPS implementation. This finding suggests that cytopathologists had begun to utilize the quantitative TPS criteria prior to official adoption, which may more broadly inform adoption strategies, communication, and understanding for evolving classification systems in cytology.
The mortality risk factor of severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) patients with Sepsis: a retrospective study
Authors: Geng Cong , Jin Jun , Yu Zhejun 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTObjectivesSepsis is one of the most common comorbidities in severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) patients. We aimed to investigate the characteristics and mortality risk factors of SCAP patients hospitalized with Sepsis.DesignA retrospective, single-centre study.SettingThis study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Southern China.ParticipantsA total of 119 patients with SCAP, aged 17 years or older, were treated in the Integrated intensive care unit from 1 January 2018 to 30 December 2020.Interventionsnone.Outcome180-day mortality was the primary outcome.Results119 patients were divided into the survivors (83 patients,69.75%), and the non-survivors (36 patients,30.25%). There are more pronounced inflammatory responses and respiratory problems at the beginning of the disease in non-survivors, requiring stronger respiratory and circulatory support. The CURB-65 score was a better predictor of mortality than the PSI and APACHE2 scores, AUCs of CURB-65: OR 0.744, p<0.005. For the entire treatment cycle, the non-survivors had a longer duration of persistent fever, required continuous and repeated airway intervention, and a longer duration of Vasopressor support (P<0.001). SCAP with bacterial infection as the onset, or secondary bacterial infection had a poor prognosis (P=0.018). The non-survivors had more use of different types of antimicrobials (P<0.05), because of Multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms. And have faced more antifungal treatment failures (P=0.006). The mortality risk factors were comorbid with a duration of Vasopressors support, duration of persistent fever, age, numbers of antimicrobials for MDR organisms, CURB-65 score and duration of Neuromuscular Blocking Agents (NMBAs) (OR=1.234, OR=1.158, OR=1.084, OR=6.484, OR=3.386, OR=1.505, p<0.005, respectively).ConclusionDynamic monitoring of the duration of patients’ abnormal indicators can help predict the prognosis. Age≥65.5 years, fever duration ≥9.5 days, number of antimicrobials for MDR organisms ≥2 types, longer NMBAs and Vasopressors use, and higher CURB-65 score were mortality risk factors in SCAP-Sepsis patients.strengths and limitations of this studyWe evaluated dynamic monitoring of the duration of patients’ abnormal indicators can help predict the prognosis. To the best of our knowledge, a very few studies had done a dynamic monitoring of the duration of patients’ abnormal indicators in the field of SCAP with Sepsis. The retrospective nature of the study was a limitation, statistical data including respiratory support in later treatment, can be further quantified.
Assessing the feasibility of sustaining SARS-CoV-2 local containment in China in the era of highly transmissible variants
Authors: Wang Yan , Sun Kaiyuan , Feng Zhaomin , Yi Lan , Wu Yanpeng , Liu Hengcong , Wang Quanyi , Ajelli Marco , Viboud Cécile , Yu Hongjie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe developed a spatially structured, fully stochastic, individual-based SARS-CoV-2 transmission model to evaluate the feasibility of sustaining SARS-CoV-2 local containment in mainland China considering currently dominant Omicron variants, China’s current immunization level, and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). We also built a statistical model to estimate the overall disease burden under various hypothetical mitigation scenarios. We found that due to high transmissibility, neither Omicron BA.1 or BA.2 could be contained by China’s pre-Omicron NPI strategies which were successful prior to the emergence of the Omicron variants. However, increased intervention intensity, such as enhanced population mobility restrictions and multi-round mass testing, could lead to containment success. We estimated that an acute Omicron epidemic wave in mainland China would result in significant number of deaths if China were to reopen under current vaccine coverage with no antiviral uptake, while increasing vaccination coverage and antiviral uptake could substantially reduce the disease burden. As China’s current vaccination has yet to reach high coverage in older populations, NPIs remain essential tools to maintain low levels of infection while building up protective population immunity, ensuring a smooth transition out of the pandemic phase while minimizing the overall disease burden.
Assessing the health risk of living near composting facilities on lung health, fungal and bacterial disease in cystic fibrosis: a UK CF Registry study
Authors: Khan Muhammad Saleem , Douglas Philippa , Hansell Anna L. , Simmonds Nicholas J. , Piel Frédéric B. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTAimTo explore the health risk of living near permitted composting sites (PCSs) on disease severity in children and adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) across the UK.MethodsA semi-individual cross-sectional study was used to examine risk of disease severity in people with CF (pwCF) within and beyond 4 km of PCSs in the UK in 2016. All pwCF registered in the UK CF Registry were eligible for this study. Linear and Poisson regressions, adjusted for age, gender, genotype, BMI, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.aeruginosa) and deprivation, were used to quantify associations between distance to a PCS and percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (ppFEV1), pulmonary exacerbations (#IVdays), and fungal and bacterial infections.ResultsThe mean age of the 9,361 pwCF (3,931 children and 5,430 adults) studied was 20.1 (SD=14.1) years; 53.3% were male; and 49.2% were homozygous F508del. Over 10% of pwCF (n=1,015) lived within 4 km of a PCS. We found no statistically significant difference in ppFEV1 and #IVdays/year in children. However, in adults, ppFEV1 was −1.07% lower (95% confidence interval (CI): −2.29%, 0.16 %) and #IVdays/year were 1.02 day higher (95%CI: 1.01, 1.04) within 4 km of a PCS. Furthermore, there were statistically significant differences in mean ppFEV1 in CF adults with Aspergillus fumigatus (54.5% vs 59.7%, p=0.001) and Candida spp. (54.8% vs 59.0%, p=0.001) residing within 4 km of a PCS. No associations were identified for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, P.aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus.ConclusionsThis novel national study provides evidence that adults with CF living near a PCS may experience small reductions in lung function, an increased risk of pulmonary exacerbations, and more frequent fungal infections. If confirmed by studies using refined exposure assessment methods accounting for bioaerosol dispersion, these results could have important implications for the living environment of pwCF.
Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit in Panama during the first pandemic wave admissions in 2020
Authors: Vega Silvio , Blizniak Artur Gomez , Ballanis Simón Theoktisto , Cisneros Gabriel , Villalobos David , Armuelles Ana Kathleen , Moreno Luis , Fusumada Francis , Gonzalez Johanna , Romero Emilio , Torres-Atencio Ivonne , Cubilla-Batista Idalina , Goodridge Amador 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTThe severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS COV-2) caused a global pandemic of COVID-19. Most of people affected are admitted to hospital with various grades of ADRS. A small proportion of these patients requires intensive care unit management and treatment. However not all of them survive. This study aims to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients admitted to the intensive care units in Panama main hospital in the first six months of pandemic with available information. Special focus has been oriented to blood and respiratory biomarkers to correlate with survivors and non-survivors. Our results show that patients between 56-75 years old, with hypertension, obesity, and diabetes comorbid conditions are more likely to die in intensive care units. Regarding the PaFi ratio, we observed a greater proportion of non-survivor with values less than 200. The triglycerides, urea nitrogen, creatinine and procalcitonin levels resulted significantly higher in those non survivors. During clinical management, half of patient that were administered Tocilizumab did not survived. These results support the notion that age, comorbidities as well as therapeutic management of patient in intensive care units contribute to the final outcome. We recommend reinforcing patient care strategy, especially in those patients with clinical conditions that favor fatal outcomes.
High but Short-lived anti-SARS-CoV2 neutralizing, IgM, IgA, and IgG levels among mRNA-vaccinees compared to naturally-infected participants
Authors: Abou-Saleh Haissam , Abo-Halawa Bushra Y. , Younes Salma , Younes Nadin , Al-Sadeq Duaa W. , Shurrab Farah M. , Liu Na , Qotba Hamda , Al-Dewik Nader , Ismail Ahmad H. , Yassine Hadi M. , Abu-Raddad Laith J. , Nasrallah Gheyath K. 
Published: May 2022

1.AbstractBackgroundWaning of protection against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants by pre-existing antibodies elicited due to current vaccination or natural infection is a global concern. Whether this is due to waning of immunity to SARS-COV-2 remains unclear.AimWe aimed to investigate dynamics of antibody isotype responses among vaccinated naïve (VN) and naturally infected (NI) individuals.MethodsWe followed up antibody levels in COVID-19 mRNA-vaccinated subjects without prior infection (VN, n=100) at two phases: phase-I (P-I) at ∼1.4 and phase-II (P-II) at ∼5.3 months. Antibody levels were compared to those of unvaccinated and naturally infected subjects (NI, n=40) at ∼1.7 (P-1) and 5.2 (P-II) months post-infection. Neutralizing antibodies (NTAb), anti-S-RBD-IgG, -IgM, and anti-S-IgA isotypes were measured.ResultsVN group produced significantly greater antibody responses (p<0.001) than NI group at P-I except for IgM. In VN group, a significant waning in antibody response was observed in all isotypes. There was about ∼ a 4-fold decline in NTAb levels (p<0.001), anti-S-RBD-IgG (∼5-folds, p<0.001), anti-S-RBD-IgM (∼6-folds, p<0.001), and anti-S1-IgA (2-folds, p<0.001). In NI group, a significant but less steady decline was notable in NTAb (∼1-folds, p<0.001), anti-S-RBD IgG (∼1-fold, p=0.005), and S-RBD-IgM (∼2-folds, p<0.001). Unlike VN group, NI group mounted a lasting anti-S1-IgA response with no significant decline. Anti-S1-IgA levels which were ∼3 folds higher in VN subjects compared to NI in P-1 (p<0.001), dropped to almost same levels, with no significant difference observed between the two groups in P-II.ConclusionWhile double dose mRNA vaccination boosted antibody levels, this “boost” was relatively short-lived in vaccinated individuals.
Association between environmental levels of PM2.5 and mortality from SARS-CoV-2 in inhabitants of Mexico City
Authors: Armando Alberto Moreno-Santillan , Rodolfo Rivas-Ruiz , Rocio Fuentes-Valdivieso , Ivonne Anali Roy-Garcia 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYObjectiveTo evaluate the association between exposure to environmental levels of PM2.5 and mortality from SARS-CoV-2 in inhabitants of Mexico City.Material and methodsA secondary analysis with the total number of deaths from COVID-19 in residents of Mexico City as well as 25 municipalities in the interior of the Republic was carried out. Environmental levels of PM2.5 were between 2018 and 2021. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed.ResultsA total of 1,083,175 cases of COVID-19 were included, with 57,384 deaths (5.3%), of which 30,561 were in residents with exposure to more than 20 μg/m3 of PM2.5 (OR 1.27, CI95%: 1.25 to 1.29). When performing the multivariate analysis, an OR of 1.39 (CI95%: 1.36 to 1.43) was observed.ConclusionsChronic exposure to elevated levels of PM2.5 is associated with increased death risk from COVID-19.
Identification of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who benefit from treatment beyond progression with pembrolizumab from individual lesion response dynamics
Authors: Qi Timothy , Cao Yanguang 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundPembrolizumab is the recommended first-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with no driver alterations and PD-L1 Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) ≥ 50%. Salvage therapies for patients who develop resistance in this setting are limited. Several retrospective studies have highlighted a subset of patients who benefit from pembrolizumab treatment beyond progression (TBP), but these results have yet to be validated in a rigorous prospective study.MethodsDue to the heterogeneity of within-patient responses to pembrolizumab, many patients can experience progressive disease while some of their lesions are still shrinking. We employed nonlinear mixed-effects modeling and virtual clinical trial simulations to evaluate the risk of unconditionally switching all progressors to salvage chemotherapy and to identify the subset of patients likely to benefit from pembrolizumab TBP. By using > 25,000 radiographic lesion diameter measurements from > 500 patients, we simulated individual lesion responses to pembrolizumab, chemotherapy, and pembrolizumab treatment failure followed by pembrolizumab TBP or salvage chemotherapy. We then assessed the benefit of pembrolizumab and chemotherapy in combination and explored a potential mechanism of intrapatient drug synergy called lesion-level independent action (LLIA).ResultsSwitching all progressors to salvage chemotherapy was suboptimal. Pembrolizumab TBP could extend progression-free survival (PFS) and control tumor burden more in nontarget progressors with fewer lesions prior to treatment initiation. Assuming LLIA but not patient-level independent action (PLIA) for combination therapy yielded longer PFS.ConclusionsPembrolizumab TBP may benefit a subset of patients with PD-L1-high, driver alteration-free NSCLC who experience nontarget progression, but prospective studies are warranted.
Early detection of fraudulent COVID-19 products from Twitter chatter
Authors: Sarker Abeed , Lakamana Sahithi , Liao Ruqi , Abbas Aamir , Yang Yuan-Chi , Al-Garadi Mohammed Ali 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTSocial media have served as lucrative platforms for misinformation and for promoting fraudulent products for the treatment, testing and prevention of COVID-19. This has resulted in the issuance of many warning letters by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). While social media continue to serve as the primary platform for the promotion of such fraudulent products, they also present the opportunity to identify these products early by employing effective social media mining methods. In this study, we employ natural language processing and time series anomaly detection methods for automatically detecting fraudulent COVID-19 products early from Twitter. Our approach is based on the intuition that increases in the popularity of fraudulent products lead to corresponding anomalous increases in the volume of chatter regarding them. We utilized an anomaly detection method on streaming COVID-19-related Twitter data to detect potentially anomalous increases in mentions of fraudulent products. Our unsupervised approach detected 34/44 (77.3%) signals about fraudulent products earlier than the FDA letter issuance dates, and an additional 6/44 (13.6%) within a week following the corresponding FDA letters. Our proposed method is simple, effective and easy to deploy, and do not require high performance computing machinery unlike deep neural network-based methods.
The Application of Trimetazidine in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bezuglov Eduard , Shoshorina Maria , Zholinsky Andrey , Waśkiewicz Zbigniew , Emanov Anton , Morgans Ryland , Bertholz Vladislav , Zelenskaya Vasilisa , Lazarev Artemii , Sokolskaya Maria , Talibov Oleg 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, there is no evidence to support TMZ administration aiming to enhance any parameter of physical performance or post-exercise recovery in healthy individuals of the general population and athletes.ObjectiveConsidering the lack of empirical data, from a scientific and practical perspective it would be interesting to identify research with high methodological quality that examines the effects of trimetazidine (TMZ) on healthy individuals of the general population and athletes of varying age.MethodsData sources included English articles that were searched by keywords in the PubMed and Scopus databases and the Cochrane Library and published prior to November 2022. Thus, a systematic review of the scientific literature was performed utilizing databases with a traditional PRISMA methodology. An initial search by keyword found 2673 publications and the screening process selected 66 articles, of which two articles met the inclusion criteria.ResultsTwo trials examining the effect of TMZ on healthy members of the general population that were published in 2017 and 2019 were analyzed. Athletes were not recruited for this type of research.ConclusionsCurrently there are no data reporting a positive effect of TMZ on physical performance, post-exercise recovery, or other health parameters in members of the general population, while its administration is associated with the development of relatively common adverse effects.
Sex-specific associations of childhood socioeconomic position and trajectories of metabolic traits across early life: prospective cohort study
Authors: O’Neill Kate N , Bell Joshua A , Smith George Davey , Fraser Abigail , Howe Laura D , Kearney Patricia M , Robinson Oliver , Tilling Kate , Willeit Peter , O’Keeffe Linda M 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundSocioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular disease risk begin early in life and are more pronounced in females compared with males in later life but the causal atherogenic traits that may explain this are not well understood. We explored sex-specific associations between indicators of childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) and changes in molecular measures of systemic metabolism across early life.MethodsData were from offspring of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), born in 1991/1992. Maternal education was the primary indicator of SEP with paternal education and household social class used as secondary indicators; all measures were collected through questionnaires administered to mothers at 32-weeks’ gestation of the offspring pregnancy. Concentrations of 148 metabolic traits were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy performed on plasma samples at ages 7 years (y), 15y, 18y and 25y among offspring. The sex-specific slope index of inequality (SII) in trajectories of metabolic traits across these ages was estimated using multilevel models.ResultsBetween 6,010-6,537 participants with 10,055-12,543 repeated measures of metabolic traits from 7y to 25y were included. Lower maternal education was associated with more adverse levels of several atherogenic lipids and other key metabolic traits among females at age 7y, but not males. For instance, the SII for very small very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentrations was 0.16 SD (95% CI: 0.01, 0.30) among females and -0.02 SD (95% CI: -0.16, 0.13) among males at 7y. Between 7y and 25y, inequalities widened among females and emerged among males particularly for VLDL particle concentrations, plasma apolipoprotein B concentrations and inflammatory glycoprotein acetyls. For instance, at 25y the SII for very small VLDL concentrations was 0.36 SD (95% CI: 0.20, 0.52) and 0.22 SD (95% CI: 0.04, 0.40) among females and males respectively. Findings for secondary SEP indicators were broadly similar although associations of paternal education with key metabolic traits were weak and less consistent among males at 25y compared with associations of maternal education.ConclusionSocioeconomic inequalities in causal atherogenic lipids and other key metabolic traits such as markers of inflammation begin in childhood and strengthen in adolescence among females but only emerge in adolescence among males, leading to wider socioeconomic inequalities among females compared with males by 25y. Prevention of socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular disease risk requires a life course approach that begins at the earliest opportunity in the life course especially among females.