bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between phonological processing and arithmetic in children with learning disabilities
Authors: Matejko Anna A. , Lozano Melanie , Schlosberg Nicole , McKay Cameron , Core Lucy , Revsine Cambria , Davis Shelby N. , Eden Guinevere F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPhonological processing skills have not only been shown to be important for reading skills, but also for arithmetic skills. Specifically, previous research in typically developing children has suggested that phonological processing skills may be more closely related to arithmetic problems that are solved through fact retrieval (e.g., remembering the solution from memory) than procedural computation (e.g., counting). However, the relationship between phonological processing and arithmetic in children with learning disabilities (LDs) has not been investigated. Yet, understanding these relationships in children with LDs is especially important because it can help elucidate the cognitive underpinnings of math difficulties, explain why reading and math disabilities frequently co‐occur, and provide information on which cognitive skills to target for interventions. In 63 children with LDs, we examined the relationship between different phonological processing skills (phonemic awareness, phonological memory, and rapid serial naming) and arithmetic. We distinguished between arithmetic problems that tend to be solved with fact retrieval versus procedural computation to determine whether phonological processing skills are differentially related to these two arithmetic processes. We found that phonemic awareness, but not phonological memory or rapid serial naming, was related to arithmetic fact retrieval. We also found no association between any phonological processing skills and procedural computation. These results converge with prior research in typically developing children and suggest that phonemic awareness is also related to arithmetic fact retrieval in children with LD. These results raise the possibility that phonemic awareness training might improve both reading and arithmetic fact retrieval skills.Research Highlights
Relationships between phonological processing and various arithmetic skills were investigated in children with learning disabilities (LDs) for the first time.
We found phonemic awareness was related to arithmetic involving fact retrieval, but not to arithmetic involving procedural computation in LDs.
The results suggest that phonemic awareness is not only important to skilled reading, but also to some aspects of arithmetic.
These results raise the question of whether intervention in phonemic awareness might improve arithmetic fact retrieval skills.
The association of long‐acting insulin analogue use versus neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin use and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events among individuals with type 2 diabetes: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Brunetti Vanessa C. , Yu Oriana Hoi Yun , Platt Robert W. , Filion Kristian B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsTo compare the risk of cardiovascular outcomes associated with long‐acting insulin analogues versus neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin among patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a population‐based retrospective cohort study using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum, linked with hospitalization and vital statistics data. Patients with type 2 diabetes who initiated basal insulin treatment between 2002 and 2018 were included in the study. Exposure was defined as current use of long‐acting insulin analogues or NPH insulin, defined using a time‐varying approach. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; a composite endpoint of myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke and cardiovascular death). We used a marginal structural Cox proportional hazards model to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for MACE with current use of long‐acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin, and in secondary analyses, by long‐acting insulin molecule.ResultsOur cohort included 57 334 patients. A total of 3494 MACE occurred over a mean follow‐up of 1.6 years (incidence rate 37.4, 95% CI 36.2 to 38.7 per 1000 person‐years). Long‐acting insulin analogues were associated with a decreased risk of MACE compared to NPH insulin (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.96).ConclusionsCurrent use of long‐acting insulin analogues is associated with a modestly reduced risk of MACE compared to current use of NPH insulin among patients with type 2 diabetes. This study could have important implications for drug plan managers and guideline‐writing committees for recommendations of insulin treatment for type 2 diabetes.
Family communication and the efficacy of family focused therapy in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis with comorbid anxiety
Authors: O'Brien Cannon Arianna C. , Caporino Nicole E. , O'Brien Mary P. , Miklowitz David J. , Addington Jean M. , Cannon Tyrone D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAim: Comorbid anxiety disorder is related to greater illness severity among individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, but its potential role in moderating response to Family Focused Therapy (FFT) for CHR is unexamined. We investigated whether comorbid anxiety disorder in CHR individuals is associated with less constructive communication during family problem‐solving interactions, whether their communication skills differentially improve after FFT, and whether FFT is effective in reducing anxiety in this population.Methods: Individuals recruited into the second phase of the 8‐site North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS2) participated (N = 129). They were randomly assigned to 18‐sessions of FFT‐CHR or three‐sessions of Enhanced Care (EC). Participants completed a diagnostic interview at pre‐treatment, a family interaction task at pre‐treatment and 6‐months, and a self‐report anxiety measure at pretreatment, 6 and 12‐months.Results: Individuals at CHR with comorbid anxiety engaged in more negative and fewer positive behaviours during family problem‐solving interactions at pre‐treatment than did those without comorbid anxiety. There was a significant interaction between anxiety diagnosis and time on interactional behaviour scores, such that individuals at CHR with an anxiety diagnosis showed a greater decrease in negative behaviours and increase in positive behaviours from baseline to 6‐months than those without anxiety disorder(s) regardless of treatment condition. However, individuals' self‐reported anxiety symptoms decreased more in FFT‐CHR than in EC from pre‐treatment to 12‐month follow‐up, regardless of anxiety diagnoses.Conclusions: Individuals at CHR with symptoms of anxiety benefit from family interventions in showing reductions in anxiety and improvements in family communication.
Pesticide resistance in arthropods: Ecology matters too
Authors: Bras Audrey , Roy Amit , Heckel David G. , Anderson Peter , Karlsson Green Kristina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPesticide resistance development is an example of rapid contemporary evolution that poses immense challenges for agriculture. It typically evolves due to the strong directional selection that pesticide treatments exert on herbivorous arthropods. However, recent research suggests that some species are more prone to evolve pesticide resistance than others due to their evolutionary history and standing genetic variation. Generalist species might develop pesticide resistance especially rapidly due to pre‐adaptation to handle a wide array of plant allelochemicals. Moreover, research has shown that adaptation to novel host plants could lead to increased pesticide resistance. Exploring such cross‐resistance between host plant range evolution and pesticide resistance development from an ecological perspective is needed to understand its causes and consequences better. Much research has, however, been devoted to the molecular mechanisms underlying pesticide resistance while both the ecological contexts that could facilitate resistance evolution and the ecological consequences of cross‐resistance have been under‐studied. Here, we take an eco‐evolutionary approach and discuss circumstances that may facilitate cross‐resistance in arthropods and the consequences cross‐resistance may have for plant–arthropod interactions in both target and non‐target species and species interactions. Furthermore, we suggest future research avenues and practical implications of an increased ecological understanding of pesticide resistance evolution.
The hunt for the “holy grail”: Condensed tannins in the perennial forage legume white clover (Trifolium repens L.)
Authors: Caradus John R. , Voisey Christine R. , Cousin Grieg R. , Kaur Rupinder , Woodfield Derek R. , Blanc Alexia , Roldan Marissa B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractForage legumes such as white and red clover improve the nutritional quality of grazed pasture but can cause bloat. Their rapid fermentation in the rumen also contributes to environmental issues through higher methane emissions and urinary nitrogen losses. Condensed tannins are known to reduce urinary nitrogen and methane production from grazing animals, reduce bloat, reduce internal parasite burden, and improve animal productivity. Several forage legumes including birdsfoot trefoil and sainfoin do have good levels of condensed tannins but unfortunately these species fail to persist in intensively grazed pasture systems. Conventional breeding approaches including mutagenesis and phenotypic selection have failed to deliver condensed tannins in legumes, such as white clover, red clover or lucerne, that do persist under grazing. A recent advance using a molecular biology approach has identified a transcription factor or master switch that can 'turn on' the condensed tannin pathway present in white clover allowing biologically significant levels of condensed tannin expression in leaf tissue. In vitro tests have demonstrated that the condensed tannins produced in white clover leaves can bind protein at a pH 6.5, as found in the rumen, and then release them at pH 2.5, the pH in the abomasum, before entering the small intestine for amino acid absorption. Additional tests have demonstrated that these condensed tannins can reduce methane production by up to 15.7% in the first 6 h of incubation. The journey to this point, and the challenges ahead to deliver white clover cultivars with condensed tannin expression, is described.
The 6th international cell senescence association conference
Authors: Kawamoto Shimpei , Matsumoto Tomonori , Takasugi Masaki , Hara Eiji 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe 6th conference of the international cell senescence association (ICSA) on the theme of “A New Era of Senescence Research: The Challenge of Controlling Aging and Cancer” was held on December 12–15, 2021 in Osaka, Japan as a Hybrid Meeting. The conference brought together basic and translational scientists to discuss recent developments in the field of cellular senescence research. In recent years, the study of cellular senescence has become a very hot field of research. It is clear that the ICSA, founded in 2015, has played an important role in this process. The 6th ICSA conference has provided another opportunity for exchanges and new connections between basic and translational scientists. The scientific program consisted of keynote lectures, invited talks, short talks selected from abstracts, a poster session, and luncheon seminars sponsored by the Japanese Society of Anti‐Aging Medicine. In the Meet the Editor session, Dr Christoph Schmitt, Editor‐in‐Chief of Nature Metabolism, gave a short presentation about the journal and answered questions from the audience. Being a hybrid meeting, there was only so much that could be done, but we hope that the meeting was fruitful.
Intracranial and heart valve calcifications in hemodialysis patients—Interrelationship and clinical impact
Authors: Fanadka Feda , Grumberg Tania , Topaz Guy , Benchetrit Sydney , Zitman‐Gal Tali , Wand Ori , Cohen‐Hagai Keren 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionArterial calcification is an integral component of active atherosclerosis and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis is a systemic, life‐threating disease that may occur at different sites and in various clinical presentations. Intracranial and valvular calcifications are common among dialysis patients and have been associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical impact of valvular and intracranial arterial calcifications on mortality among chronic hemodialysis patients.MethodsA blinded neuroradiologist graded intracranial calcifications (ICC) of all hemodialysis patients who underwent brain computerized tomography (CT) from 2015 to 2017 in our institution. Valvular calcifications were assessed by echocardiography. Only hemodialysis patients with available echocardiography and brain CT were included.FindingsThis study included 119 patients (mean age 70.6 ± 12.6 years, 57.1% men, and mean dialysis vintage 25.8 ± 42.6 months). Among the cohort, 19 (16%) had no cardiac or brain calcifications and 65 (54.6%) had both valvular and intracranial calcifications. Considering the patients with no calcification as the reference group yielded adjusted odds ratios for all‐cause mortality of 3.68 (95%CI 1.55–8.75) among patients with any brain calcifications, p = 0.002. While valvular calcifications alone did not increase the 1‐year mortality rate, ICC was the most important predictor of all‐cause 1‐year mortality in the study cohort.DiscussionWe found an independent association between ICC and the risk of death among hemodialysis patients. Assessing ICC may contribute to the risk stratification of hemodialysis patients. These calcifications are no less important than valvular calcifications.
Trends in the psychosocial and mental health of HIV‐positive women in China from 2015 to 2020: Results from two cross‐sectional surveys
Authors: Wang Qian , Fong Vivian W. I. , Qin Qinghua , Yao Hui , Zheng Jiarui , Wang Xiaoyan , Wang Ailing , Gao Qun , Mo Phoenix K. H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be one of the major public health challenges in the world. Despite the advancement in medication and changes in views towards HIV in Chinese society, little is known about the changes in the psychosocial and mental health of HIV‐positive women in recent years.ObjectivesThe present study examined the change in depression, anxiety, stigma, relationship with the child, intimacy with a partner, and social support from family, friends, and health professionals, for HIV‐positive women in China from 2015 to 2020.MethodsTwo cross‐sectional surveys were conducted in 2015 and 2020, and 429 and 382 HIV‐positive women were recruited from the Women's Health Department in Yunnan and Guangxi, China between November 2015 to May 2016, and November 2019 to January 2020, respectively.ResultsAfter controlling for significant sociodemographic variables, participants recruited in 2019–2020 had significantly lower levels of depression and anxiety and higher scores on emotional and tangible support from friends. On the other hand, they had lower scores in intimacy with partners and emotional and tangible support from family. No significant changes were found in stigma, relationship with the child, and support from health professionals.ConclusionResults provide important information on the changes in psychosocial and mental health, which offer insights into the design of interventions to promote psychosocial and mental health among HIV‐positive women in China.Patient or Public ContributionHIV‐positive women contributed to the data of this study. Health care professionals were involved in the discussion of the methods and results.
TV serials and movies to boost intercultural communicative competence in Turkish EFL context
Authors: Çakır İsmail 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDeveloping intercultural communicative competence in foreign language teaching contexts has been a challenge for many teachers, and they usually tend to neglect this issue because of many reasons, such as lack of knowledge, time constraints, or workload. However, integrating exciting and motivating tools such as movies and TV serials into foreign language teaching syllabi would meet this need. Therefore, this study intended to explore the contributions of these tools. Seventy‐six prospective English teachers studying at a state university participated in the study, and the data were collected through field notes and self‐reflection reports. The results indicate that the participants benefit from TV serials or movies in developing their intercultural awareness.
Video‐blogs and linguistic simplification for students with intellectual disability
Authors: Fajardo Inmaculada , Ávila Vicenta , Delgado Pablo , Gómez‐Merino Nadina , Salmerón Ladislao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Internet provides individuals with intellectual disability with access to information and participation in a broader society, but it also presents risks when content is difficult to comprehend. This study aimed to test whether students with intellectual disability enhanced their comprehension of online blogs as a function of the format (text vs. video) and linguistic simplification.MethodYoung students with intellectual disability read or watched text and video‐blog posts about environment, health, society, and technology in their original version or a linguistically simplified/easy‐to‐read version. Then, they completed tests that assessed their reading processing (e.g., calibration) and comprehension of blog content.ResultsParticipants predicted that they would correctly answer 80% of the comprehension questions, but their average comprehension of the blog posts was 55%, regardless of the condition. Previous levels of students' reading comprehension skills predicted their blog comprehension scores and interacted with format and simplification. Those participants with higher reading comprehension skills learned more from non‐simplified than from simplified blog posts while those with lower levels of reading comprehension skills did not benefit from linguistic simplification nor video‐blog format although the difference with regard to higher comprehenders was lower in the video and simplified conditions.ConclusionsImproving reading comprehension abilities of students with intellectual disability is essential to prevent the digital divide while linguistic simplification is not a useful accommodation and even counterproductive for higher reading comprehenders.
Convective and microwave drying kinetics and modeling of tomato slices, energy consumption, and efficiency
Authors: Guemouni Sara , Mouhoubi Khokha , Brahmi Fatiha , Dahmoune Farid , Belbahi Amine , Benyoub Cylia , Adjeroud‐Abdellatif Nawel , Atmani Karim , Bakhouche Hicham , Boulekbache‐Makhlouf Lila , Madani Khodir 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis investigation presented presents the drying characteristics, and aimed to predict the drying kinetics of tomato slices (Lycopersicon esculentum MILL.) using convection and microwave methods. Hot air drying was carried out in a ventilated oven at 50, 60, 80, and 100°C temperatures and microwave drying was performed in domestic microwave using 300, 500, 800, and 900 W powers. Twenty‐two mathematical models were undertaken to predict the drying kinetics and the best model was chosen based on the highest R2 values and the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) and χ2 values. Drying kinetics, drying rate variation, diffusivity and energy consumption of both methods were evaluated. Fernando and Amarasinghe model and Sledz model were the best models for convective and microwave drying processes, respectively. Effective moisture diffusivity varied from 0.28 × 10−9 to 2.81 × 10−9 and from 1.32 × 10−9 to 21.52 × 10−9, while the activation energy was 27.64 kJ/mol and 5.71 W/g for convective and microwave drying processes, respectively. The energy consumption increases with increasing temperature or power, the reverse was observed for energy efficiency. Microwave drying process has the advantage of drying time reduction, low‐energy consumption, and high‐drying efficiency at a moderate high‐power level (900 W). Hence, it is recommended to apply this innovative process for drying tomato slices.
Clinical benefits of direct‐acting antivirals therapy in hepatitis C virus patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Hui , Yang Xiao‐Li , Dong Zhao‐Ru , Chen Zhi‐Qiang , Hong Jian‐Guo , Wang Dong‐Xu , Li Tao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) therapy on the clinical outcomes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsWe searched multiple electronic databases from database inception to June 14, 2021. Meta‐analyses were performed separately for HCC recurrence and overall survival (OS).ResultsA total of 23 studies were identified for the primary analysis. Compared with no intervention, pooled data showed significant benefit from DAAs therapy in reducing recurrence (adjusted HR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.41–0.74, P < 0.001; I2 = 66.6%, P < 0.001) and improving OS (adjusted HR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.16–0.83, P = 0.017; I2 = 90.7%, P < 0.001) of HCV‐related HCC patients. Compared with non‐responders, patients with sustained virologic response (SVR) had greater benefit from DAAs therapy in reducing recurrence (HR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.16–0.84, P = 0.017; I2 = 58.8%, P = 0.088) and improving OS (HR = 0.17; 95% CI 0.06–0.50; P = 0.001; I2 = 56.4%, P = 0.130). Though DAAs did not show significant advantages over IFN in reducing recurrence (adjusted HR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.72–1.28, P = 0.784; I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.805), there seems to be a trend toward OS benefit from DAAs therapy (adjusted HR = 0.11, 95% CI 0.01–1.19, P = 0.059).ConclusionDAAs therapy can prevent recurrence and improve OS of HCV‐related HCC patients, especially for patients with SVR. Further prospective randomized controlled trial is warranted to validate these results.
Isolated positive deamidated gliadin peptide‐IgG has limited diagnostic utility in coeliac disease
Authors: Vootukuru Nikil , Singh Harveen , Giles Edward 
Published: June 2022

AimDeamidated gliadin peptide‐IgG (DGP‐IgG) antibody serology testing is widely utilised in screening for coeliac disease in Australia; however, it is used sparingly in Europe. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of a positive DGP‐IgG in the setting of a negative tissue transglutaminase‐IgA (tTG‐IgA) for gastrointestinal pathology among paediatric patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of all children with an elevated DGP‐IgG in the setting of a negative tTG‐IgA who underwent gastroscopy over a 48‐month period (January 2015–December 2018) at a tertiary paediatric centre. They were identified utilising the electronic pathology database and demographic and clinical data were collected from electronic medical records. Patients who had previously been diagnosed with coeliac disease were on a gluten‐free diet or over the age of 18 were excluded from the study.ResultsTwenty‐six patients with an elevated DGP‐IgG in the setting of a negative tTG‐IgA underwent gastroscopy. Our study yielded a positive predictive value of 1/26 (3.9% CI 95% 0.7%, 18.9%) for the diagnosis of coeliac disease. Overall, there were 25 histopathological diagnoses including 1 diagnosis of coeliac disease among the total 26 patients who were positive DGP‐IgG and negative tTG‐IgA and underwent gastroscopy.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that an isolated positive DGP‐IgG has a very low diagnostic yield for coeliac disease in children and may be indicative of other gastrointestinal pathology.