bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Link fusion algorithm based on wavelet multi-resolution analysis
Authors: Wang Xiang , Dong Shaowu , Song Huijie , Sun Baoqi , Wu Wenjun , Wang Weixiong , Guo Dong , Gao Zhe 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The performance characteristics of various time transfer links vary. TWSTFT (Two Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer) links have excellent long-term stability, but when compared to the GNSS PPP link, the short-term fluctuations are significant, and the measurement results clearly show a diurnal trend. The short-term stability of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) PPP (Precise Point Positioning Solutions) links is strong, but long-term stability comparative to the TWSTFT link is poor because of boundary effects in the data processing. You may fully take advantage of links to increase time transfer accuracy and stability by fusing data from different types of links. The time-frequency domain is used in combination with the wavelet data analysis technique. Its capacity to decompose the original data into various related signals at various sample rates as necessary defines it. Processing TWSTFT and GNSS PPP links data at various sampling rates is feasible using the concept of multi-resolution decomposition. In this article, a multi-resolution data fusion technique based on wavelet transformation is attempted. The model-based dynamic system analysis approach and the statistical properties-based multi-resolution signal transformation method are combined using multi-resolution analysis concepts to establish the goal state observation data. The differences in data sampling intervals between TWSTFT and GNSS PPP links can be eliminated by the multi-resolution data fusion estimation algorithm. The original data is first transformed into a series of wavelets based on the time division, frequency division and multi-resolution properties of wavelet transform. then using Kalman filtering estimation on each scale, and finally the wavelet transform's Mallat rapid reconstruction method is applied to combine the results. This approach can be used to estimate the time transfer links using links fusion data from several different sampling rates. Processed and analyzed are the TWSTFT and GPS PPP time transfer link results between the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) and the National Time Service Center (NTSC) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The findings demonstrate that the fusion algorithm is able to enhance the link's stability on a whole, particularly the short-term stability, which has increased markedly within 6 hours on average. Additionally, it can reduce "Day-Boundary discontinuities" and aberrant connection interruptions on GPS PPP links to increase the resilience and reliability of links.
Accurate Estimation of the Boltzmann Factor
Authors: Bharathraj Goddalehundi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The probability of finding gas (monoatomic) particles at different energy levels based on the Boltzmann factor only crudely corresponds with the actual tabulated values using permutations. We derive an accurate expression for the probability using a more rigorous analysis. The partition determined by the new method is more evenly spread out than the partition determined by Boltzmann. Boltzmann method overestimates the probability at lower energy levels and underestimates at higher levels. The number of permutations implied by the new method is larger than Boltzmann method. Far from capturing the most probable combination, Boltzmann method fails to capture even the average case scenario. Also, Boltzmann method does not satisfy the energy conservation equation. It explains only 2/3rd or 2/fth portion of the total energy of the gas system at best.
Biological Activity of the Endolichenic Trichoderma spp. Isolated from Lichens Cryptothecia spp. and Dirinaria spp.
Authors: Nguyen Tang-Phu , Vo-Thi Mong-Cam , Nguyen-Thi Ngoc-Minh , Vo-Thi Hong-Tuoi , Ngo Quoc-Khanh , Le Trung-Son , Tran Thi-Giang , Nguyen Thi-Lien 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Endolichenic fungi are considered a promising source of new materials. For further evaluation of some biological activities of the Trichoderma strains isolated from lichens Dirinaria spp. and Cryptothecia spp., their antifungal and antibacterial activities were screened by the methods of dual culture and environmental toxicity. Substrate degradation was evaluated using the qualitative enzyme assays. Fourteen strains of Trichoderma spp. were isolated from 60 lichen samples. All the isolates were able to inhibit the radial growth of tested fungal strains (Bipolaris spp., Colletotrichum spp., Corynespora cassiicola, and Fusarium spp.). Otherwise, only 12/14 isolates were found capable of competing for substrates with Ralstonia solanacearum. The cell-free supernatant obtained from the cultures possessed both antifungal and antibacterial activities. The antagonistic activity of the isolates was selective. Most of the isolates were able to degrade at least one of the investigated substrates, namely cellulose, pectin, and starch. All strains could produce peroxidase; none of the isolates possessed laccase and tyrosinase. A potential antagonistic fungal strain VDT6 has been identified as Trichoderma harzianum. The assessment results indicated that the Trichoderma isolates could be used in agriculture as biological control agents.
Evaporation of suspended nanofluid (SiO2 /water) droplets: experimental results and modelling
Authors: Starinskaya E. M. , Miskiv N. B. , Nazarov A. D. , Terekhov V. V. , Rybdylova O. D. , Sazhin S.S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The results of experimental studies and modelling of the evaporation of suspended water droplets containing silicon dioxide SiO2 nanoparticles at mass fractions 0.02 and 0.07 are presented. The experimental results are analysed using the previously developed model for multicomponent droplet heating and evaporation. In this model droplets are assumed to be spherical and the analytical solutions to the heat transfer and species diffusion equations are incorporated into the numerical code. They are used at each timestep of the calculations. Silicon dioxide nanoparticles are considered to be a non-evaporating component. It is demonstrated that both experimental and predicted values of droplet diameters to the power 1.5 decrease almost linearly with time, except at the beginning and the final stages of the evaporation process, and are only weakly affected by the presence of nanoparticles. At the final point in this process, the effect of nanoparticles becomes dominant when their mass fraction at Evaporation of suspended nanofluid (SiO 2 /water) droplets the droplet surface reaches about 40% and a cenosphere-like structure is formed. Both predicted and observed droplet surface temperatures rapidly decrease during the initial stage of droplet evaporation. After about t = 100 s the predicted surface temperature remains almost constant while its experimentally observed values increase with time. This might be related to a decrease in the temperature of ambient air in the vicinity of droplets, not taken into account in the model. Both observed and predicted values of the mass fraction of silicon dioxide at the droplet surfaces are shown to increase with time until they reach about 0.4.
Improve Model Testing by Integrating Bounded Model Checking and Coverage Guided Fuzzing
Authors: yang yixiao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The control logic models built by Simulink or Ptolemy have been widely used in industry scenes. It is an urgent need to ensure the safety and security of the control logic models. Test case generation technologies are widely used to ensure the safety and security. State-of-the-art model testing tools employ model checking techniques or search-based methods to generate test cases. Traditional search based techniques based on Simulink simulation are plagued by problems such as low speed and high overhead. Traditional model checking techniques such as symbolic execution have limited performance when dealing with nonlinear elements and complex loops. Recently, coverage guided fuzzing technologies are known to be effective for test case generation, due to their high efficiency and impressive effects over complex branches of loops.
In this paper, we apply fuzzing methods to improve model testing and demonstrate the effectiveness. The fuzzing methods aim to cover more program branches by mutating valuable seeds. Inspired by this feature, we propose a novel integration technology SPsCGF, which leverages bounded model checking for symbolic execution to generate test cases as initial seeds and then conduct fuzzing based upon these worthy seeds. In this manner, our work combines the advantages of the model checking methods and fuzzing techniques in a novel way. Over the evaluated benchmarks which consist of industrial cases, SPsCGF could achieve 8% to 38% higher model coverage and 3x-10x time efficiency compared with the state-of-the-art works.
Comparison of Nutritional Risk Index with Subjective Global Assessment in evaluating the nutritional status of liver transplant candidates
Authors: Bahari Hossein , Aliakbarian Mohsen , Norouzy Abdolreza , Shadnoush Mahdi , Akhavan-Rezayat Kambiz , Esfehani Ali Jafarzadeh , Nematy Mohsen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Malnutrition is associated with increased short and long-term mortality in patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD). We launched this study to compare subjective global assessment (SGA) and nutrition risk index (NRI) as malnutrition screening tools in End-stage Liver Disease (ESLD) patients.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on liver transplant patients in Montaserieh Hospital of Mashhad and Firoozgar Hospital of Tehran from May to September 2021. Nutritional status of the patients was categorized into normal nutritional status, moderate and severe malnutrition based on both the NRI and SGA. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of NRI were evaluated compared with SGA in ESLD patients.
Results: Forty-three cirrhotic patients who were candidates for liver transplantation were assessed. Mean age and BMI of the patients were 48±14 years and 24.5±5.4 kg/m², respectively. Based on SGA, the prevalence of normal nutrition status, moderate and severe malnutrition were 18.6%, 37.2%, and 44.2%, respectively. Based on NRI, the prevalence of normal nutrition status, mild to moderate, and severe malnutrition were 11.6%,42%, and 46.4%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for NRI in detecting malnutrition based on SGA were 94.2%, 37.5%, 86.8% and 60%, respectively. However, the agreement between NRI and SGA was low (k=0.284). Changing the NRI cut-off value to 87.2 could yield acceptable sensitivity (75%) and specificity (71.4%).
Conclusion: NRI can be used as a screening tool in ESLD patients but a different cut-off might be required to improve its validity against SGA in ESLD patients.
Quantitative study on eco-economic compensation for water rights trading along the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China
Authors: Lv Cuimei , Niu Jiale , Ling Minhua , Wu Zening , Yan Denghua 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The completion of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) of China has necessitated water rights trading along the route. However, water rights trading generally results in an externality loss for the seller. The scientific compensation of water rights trading should be considered from the aspects of economy, society and eco-environment. In this study, we quantified the water rights trading compensation along the route from economic, social, and environmental aspects, using a method based on emergy theory. Taking Pingdingshan-Xinmi water rights trading as an example, the eco-economic compensation of Pingdingshan was quantified and analyzed. The results showed that the impact of water rights trading on Pingdingshan was mainly social and ecological in the short term, and the average social and ecological compensation was 0.027 ¥/m3 and 0.32 ¥/m3 respectively. As the economic loss caused by water shortage becomes more prominent in the long term, the social, ecological and economic compensation were shown to be 0.028 ¥/m3, 0.30 ¥/m3 and 4.55 ¥/m3 respectively in 2030. The economic impact of water rights trading on the water seller will become more and more obvious, and reasonable compensation is the key to the sustainable development of the water market.
Willingness to Recommend Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention
Among Mexican Non-Physician Health Providers: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Díaz-Sosa Dulce María , Guillen-Díaz-Barriga Centli , Robles-García Rebeca , Vega-Ramírez Hamid 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has recently been introduced in Mexico. Still, there are no data exploring the frequency and related factors of willingness to recommend it among non-physician health providers (Non-PHP).

Objective:
Compare awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and willingness to recommend PrEP and combined HIV prevention among Mexican non-PHP.

Methods:
We conducted an online survey assessing data on sociodemographics, awareness, knowledge, and willingness to recommend PrEP. We performed a descriptive and comparative analysis between those willing and unwilling to recommend PrEP.

Results:
The final sample was 142 participants, and most were willing to recommend PrEP (79.6%). This group reported higher confidence in evaluating PrEP eligibility (90.1%, p<.01), identified that populations at increased risk of HIV would benefit the most from PrEP (p.05), and considered the lack of professionals to prescribe PrEP as a barrier (60.7%, p<.01), and were more likely to recommend post-exposure prophylaxis (95.6%, p<.01) compared to those not willing to recommend PrEP. On the other hand, more non-PHP unwilling to recommend PrEP considered that behavioral interventions should be prioritized over PrEP (89.3%, p<.05), PrEP should not be provided in public services (43.3%, p<.001), and the demand of PrEP users would be low to maintain PrEP as a public policy (34.5%, p<.05).

Conclusion:
A high proportion of Mexican non-PHP is willing to recommend PrEP. Still, it is necessary to increase their PrEP knowledge, including improving their prejudices and beliefs, so they can identify and refer potential PrEP users based on their risk of getting HIV.
Comparison of the Effect of Oral Sodium Bicarbonate and Tolterodine in
Women with Symptoms of Overactive Bladder with Acidic Urine- A
Single-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Bozorgan Tayebeh Jahed , Dehghani Samira , Mahmoodi Atefeh , Hosseiniara Reza 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Urine alkalinization with oral sodium bicarbonate seems to improve urinary
symptoms in female patients with overactive bladder with acidic urinary pH.

Aim:
Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of oral sodium bicarbonate and
tolterodine in women with symptoms of overactive bladder with acidic urinary pH.

Methods:
In this single-blind randomized clinical trial, 72 female patients with symptoms of overactive
bladder syndrome with acidic urinary pH in the age group of 28-60 years were referred to the gynecology
clinic of Mahdieh Hospital affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
in 2021-2022 were studied. These patients were randomly divided into two groups oral sodium
bicarbonate (36 patients) and tolterodine group (36 patients) and received the treatment for one month.
Group matching was performed between patients. At the end of the study, the Overactive Bladder-
Validated 8-question Awareness tool (OAB-V8), frequency, nocturia, urgency, and urinary incontinence
(UI) was measured and compared between patients in the two groups.

Results:
Patients were matched for age, underlying disease, BMI, acidic urinary pH, and menopause
status at the baseline. After 30 days of medication therapy, a significant decrease in OAB-V8 score,
frequency, nocturia, urgency, and urinary incontinence (UI) was observed in both groups receiving
oral sodium bicarbonate and tolterodine in female patients with symptoms of overactive bladder
syndrome with acidic urine. The degree of improvement in outcomes after treatment was similar
between both groups.

Conclusion:
Oral sodium bicarbonate administration in patients with overactive bladder with acidic
urinary pH has a significant positive effect on OAB-V8 symptoms, frequency, nocturia, urgency, and
urinary incontinence (UI) and these results are similar to tolterodine treatment. Given that the acidic
urinary pH may play a role in the etiology of an overactive bladder, it seems that sodium bicarbonate
improves the symptoms of an overactive bladder by alkalizing the urine.

Clinical Trial Registration Number:
The clinical studies were registered in the Iranian clinical trial
database at irct.ir (IRCT20131203015634N3).
Knowledge and Practices of Female Students at University of Kara Regarding Sexually Transmitted Infections in Togo, 2021
Authors: Gnatou Gatibe Yendu-Suglpak , Gbeasor-Komlanvi Fifonsi Adjidossi , Sadio Arnold Junior , Konu Yao Rodion , Tchankoni Martin Kouame , Zida-Compaore Wendpouiré Ida Carine , Agbonon Amegnona , Ekouevi Didier Koumavi 
Published: November 2022

Background:
A good knowledge of sexually transmitted infections (STI) in female students is an important element in the prevention of STI transmission.

Objective:
Describe the level of knowledge and practices on STI among female students at the University of Kara.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Kara from July to September 2021. Data were collected using a standard, digitalised, self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to describe factors associated with the level of knowledge of STIs.

Results:
A total of 1,055 female students with a median age of 21 years (interquartile range: 20-24) participated in the study. More than one-third (33.7%) of the students had good knowledge of STI. Having already been tested for HIV (aOR = 3.25; 95% CI [2.36-4.52]), having already had sex (aOR = 1.56; 95% CI [1.10-2.24]) and the level of education (AOR = 3.46; 95% CI [2.10-5.85]) were significantly associated with good STIs knowledge. Among the 723 female students (68.5%) who already had sex, 32.5% reported an inconsistent use of condoms during sexual intercourse and 18.9% reported having multiple sexual partners.

Conclusion:
The results of this study highlight the importance of intensifying STIs prevention efforts (awareness, screening, and vaccination) among female students at the University of Kara.
The Responses of Rural Learner Nurses to Virtual Learning in a Covid-19 Era
Authors: Mbombi Masenyani Oupa , Muthelo Livhuwani , Phukubye Arthur Thabo 
Published: November 2022

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in many universities suspending their academic activities, making virtual learning an option for saving the disrupted academic year. The pandemic presented an opportunity to assess the implementation of virtual learning at this university, thus forcing rural-based universities to enhance their learning management system, including their clinical disciplines. This paper explores the use of virtual learning amongst learner nurses in a rural-based university by following the el-CDDO framework.

Method:
A quantitative descriptive design was applied to describe the barriers experienced to virtual learning, in a rural university. The purposive convenience sampling method was used to select learner nurses from the Faculty of Healthcare Sciences. An electronic survey questionnaire with both open and closed-ended questions sent via WhatsApp messenger was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with SPSS version 26.

Results:
The el-CDDO components affected in the study included the Context, Delivery, and Outcomes of virtual learning in a rural-based university. The Context demonstrated geographically disadvantaged learner nurses, which affects virtual learning delivery. Thus, the Outcomes included various barriers to virtual learning, such as weak networks for connecting to Blackboard, the lack of ICT facilities, such as laptops and tablets, by learner nurses, a lack of skills for using Blackboard, and ageing academics.

Conclusion:
The study findings provide a baseline reference for future digital health in the clinical area and the use of virtual learning in a rural-based university. Though we noted complex challenges such as the lack of gadgets, our findings provide a significant contribution to the planning for virtual learning in universities and the use of digital health in the clinical area. Addressing the virtual learning barriers discussed in this paper will be a significant step forward in equipping learner nurses as future healthcare professionals with digital knowledge and skills. There is a need to develop strategies to enhance virtual learning in rural-based universities to ensure future digital health.
A Retrospective Analysis of American Dietitian Financial Donations to Political Parties
Authors: Pierson Stephen Ryan , Kozak Travis , Le Liane , Shaikh Hiba 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Political advocacy surrounding healthcare policy has become increasingly relevant as key platform issues focus on preventive care and the impact of nutrition on health outcomes. Contributions from individuals and political action committees are pivotal in determining the direction of political advocacy.

Objective:
This study aimed to examine the trends of political contributions of U.S. dietitians from the years 2003-2021.

Methods:
This study was a retrospective review using the 2003-2021 cycles of the U.S. Federal Election Commission (FEC) database. Contributions were filtered for occupation lines matching either “registered dietitian nutritionist,” “registered dietitian,” “rdn,” “rd,” “dietitian,” and “dietetic.” Each contribution is designated to a recipient committee associated with a political candidate, group, or political action committee. The party designations of these committees were used to catalog donations as “Republican,” “Democratic,” or “Independent.”

Results:
From 2003-2021, a total of 1,612 political contributions were made to ADAPAC/ANDPAC by self-identified dietitians. ADAPAC/ANDPAC then directed these donations, making a total of 1,372 contributions to Democratic (857) or Republican (514) candidates and only 1 donation to an independent candidate for a total of $1,685,977. Excluding contributions to ADAPAC/ANDPAC, from 2003-2021, a total of 115,407 individual dietetic contributions were made to Democratic (103,061), Republican (12,010), Independent (34), bipartisan/nonpartisan (1,896), Green (7), and Libertarian (8) candidates or committees. Individual contributions from individual dietitians to political parties totaled $3,148,371, with Democratic contribution dollar amount ($2,304,918) almost triple the Republican amount ($792,516).

Conclusion:
Dietitian political contributions in the U.S. have increased over the past two decades. Donations from dietitians are largely polarized and skewed towards the Democratic Party. Future studies are warranted to identify how this changes preventive care policies.