bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Readmissions, Postdischarge Mortality, and Sustained Recovery Among Patients Admitted to Hospital With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Moestrup Kasper S , Reekie Joanne , Zucco Adrian G , Jensen Tomas Ø , Jensen Jens-Ulrik S , Wiese Lothar , Ostrowski Sisse R , Niemann Carsten U , MacPherson Cameron , Lundgren Jens , Helleberg Marie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Many interventional in-patient coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) trials assess primary outcomes through day 28 post-randomization. Since a proportion of patients experience protracted disease or relapse, such follow-up period may not fully capture the course of the disease, even when randomization occurs a few days after hospitalization.

Methods
Among adults hospitalized with COVID-19 in eastern Denmark from 18 March 2020–12 January 2021 we assessed all-cause mortality, recovery, and sustained recovery 90 days after admission, and readmission and all-cause mortality 90 days after discharge. Recovery was defined as hospital discharge and sustained recovery as recovery and alive without readmissions for 14 consecutive days.

Results
Among 3386 patients included in the study, 2796 (82.6%) reached recovery and 2600 (77.0%) achieved sustained recovery. Of those discharged from hospital, 556 (19.9%) were readmitted and 289 (10.3%) died. Overall, the median time to recovery was 6 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 3–10), and 19 days (IQR: 11–33) among patients in intensive care in the first 2 days of admission.

Conclusions
Postdischarge readmission and mortality rates were substantial. Therefore, sustained recovery should be favored to recovery outcomes in clinical COVID-19 trials. A 28-day follow-up period may be too short for the critically ill.
Key questions in marine mammal bioenergetics
Authors: McHuron Elizabeth A , Adamczak Stephanie , Arnould John P Y , Ashe Erin , Booth Cormac , Bowen W Don , Christiansen Fredrik , Chudzinska Magda , Costa Daniel P , Fahlman Andreas , Farmer Nicholas A , Fortune Sarah M E , Gallagher Cara A , Keen Kelly A , Madsen Peter T , McMahon Clive R , Nabe-Nielsen Jacob , Noren Dawn P , Noren Shawn R , Pirotta Enrico , Rosen David A S , Speakman Cassie N , Villegas-Amtmann Stella , Williams Rob 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBioenergetic approaches are increasingly used to understand how marine mammal populations could be affected by a changing and disturbed aquatic environment. There remain considerable gaps in our knowledge of marine mammal bioenergetics, which hinder the application of bioenergetic studies to inform policy decisions. We conducted a priority-setting exercise to identify high-priority unanswered questions in marine mammal bioenergetics, with an emphasis on questions relevant to conservation and management. Electronic communication and a virtual workshop were used to solicit and collate potential research questions from the marine mammal bioenergetic community. From a final list of 39 questions, 11 were identified as ‘key’ questions because they received votes from at least 50% of survey participants. Key questions included those related to energy intake (prey landscapes, exposure to human activities) and expenditure (field metabolic rate, exposure to human activities, lactation, time-activity budgets), energy allocation priorities, metrics of body condition and relationships with survival and reproductive success and extrapolation of data from one species to another. Existing tools to address key questions include labelled water, animal-borne sensors, mark-resight data from long-term research programs, environmental DNA and unmanned vehicles. Further validation of existing approaches and development of new methodologies are needed to comprehensively address some key questions, particularly for cetaceans. The identification of these key questions can provide a guiding framework to set research priorities, which ultimately may yield more accurate information to inform policies and better conserve marine mammal populations.
Paternal Occupation and Delirium Risk in Older Adults: A Potential Marker of Early-Life Exposures
Authors: Shiff Haley M , Arias Franchesca , Dufour Alyssa B , Carr Deborah , Chen Fan , Gou Yun , Jones Richard , Schmitt Eva , Travison Thomas G , Kunicki Zachary J , Okereke Olivia I , Inouye Sharon K 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Delirium is a common disorder among older adults following hospitalization or major surgery. Whereas many studies examine the risk of proximate exposures and comorbidities, little is known about pathways linking childhood exposures to later-life delirium. In this study, we explored the association between paternal occupation and delirium risk.

Research Design and Methods
A prospective observational cohort study of 528 older adults undergoing elective surgery at two academic medical centers. Paternal occupation group (white collar vs. blue collar) served as our independent variable. Delirium incidence was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) supplemented by medical chart review. Delirium severity was measured using the peak CAM-Severity score (CAM-S Peak), the highest value of CAM-S observed throughout the hospital stay.

Results
Blue-collar paternal occupation was significantly associated with a higher rate of incident delirium (91/234, 39%) compared with white-collar paternal occupation (84/294, 29%), adjusted odds ratio OR (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 1.6 (1.1, 2.3). All analyses were adjusted for participant age, race, gender, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Blue-collar paternal occupation was also associated with greater delirium severity, with a mean score (SD) of 4.4 (3.3), compared with white-collar paternal occupation with a mean score (SD) of 3.5 (2.8). Among participants reporting blue-collar paternal occupation, we observed an adjusted mean difference of 0.86 (95% CI = 0.4, 1.4) additional severity units.

Discussion and Implications
Blue-collar paternal occupation is associated with greater delirium incidence and severity, after adjustment for covariates. These findings support the application of a life-course framework to evaluate the risk of later-life delirium and delirium severity. Our results also demonstrate the importance of considering childhood exposures, which may be consequential even decades later.
Computationally efficient sparse clustering
Authors: Löffler Matthias , Wein Alexander S , Bandeira Afonso S 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe study statistical and computational limits of clustering when the means of the centres are sparse and their dimension is possibly much larger than the sample size. Our theoretical analysis focuses on the model $X_i=z_i \theta +\varepsilon _{i}, \ z_i \in \{-1,1\}, \ \varepsilon _i \thicksim \mathcal{N}(0, I)$, which has two clusters with centres $\theta $ and $-\theta $. We provide a finite sample analysis of a new sparse clustering algorithm based on sparse Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and show that it achieves the minimax optimal misclustering rate in the regime $\|\theta \| \rightarrow \infty $.Our results require the sparsity to grow slower than the square root of the sample size. Using a recent framework for computational lower bounds—the low-degree likelihood ratio—we give evidence that this condition is necessary for any polynomial-time clustering algorithm to succeed below the Baik-Ben Arous-Péché (BBP) threshold. This complements the existing evidence based on reductions and statistical query lower bounds. Compared with these existing results, we cover a wider set of parameter regimes and give a more precise understanding of the runtime required and the misclustering error achievable. Our results imply that a large class of tests based on low-degree polynomials fail to solve even the weak testing task.
Schwannoma-like thoracic glomangioma: case report
Authors: Çetin Eyüp , Sariçiçek Ümmügülsüm 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, we present an extremely rare case of thoracic spinal glomangioma located at the thoracic T7–8 level in the foraminal region, mimicking a schwannoma tumor, in a 65-year-old female patient who was admitted to our clinic with a 6-month history of back pain and weakness in legs.
Using named entity recognition and network analysis to distinguish personal networks from the social milieu in nineteenth-century Ottoman–Iraqi personal diaries
Authors: Fields Sam , Cole Camille Lyans , Oei Catherine , Chen Annie T 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe diaries of Joseph Mathia Svoboda capture over 40 years of trade on the Tigris, describing his daily life and regular journeys as a steamboat purser during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, specifically between the cities of Basra and Baghdad. They offer a unique perspective on daily life, community structure, and social relations. However, with over 600 pages of transcribed material and many more diaries still in the process of being transcribed, it is difficult to track patterns and changes in Joseph Svoboda’s social relationships and daily life by way of reading and inference alone. This article employs natural language processing (NLP) and network analysis to facilitate study of Svoboda’s social interactions, as well as his observations of his broader social milieu. Inspection of the networks and accompanying visualizations showed that Svoboda’s close interactions were primarily with kin, but his position as a steamship purser gave him a unique vantage point to encounter a wide range of persons of diverse backgrounds. Additionally, decomposing networks by time illustrated how significant life events facilitated change in social interactions.
A major galaxy cluster merger caught by eROSITA: weak lensing mass distribution and kinematic description
Authors: Monteiro-Oliveira Rogério 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We present the weak lensing mass distribution of a triple merging cluster candidate at zphoto ∼ 0.36 belonging to a supercluster recently discovered during the eROSITA Performance Verification phase. Our analysis solved a previous tension in the merger classification by confirming that the cluster pair eFEDS J093513.3+004746 and eFEDS J093510.7+004910 is undergoing a major merger with a mass ratio $1.7_{-0.7}^{+0.5}$. According to our two-body kinematic description, the encounter happened $0.58_{-0.20}^{+0.15}$ Gyr ago, in a scenario that supports the observed radio relic position at the cluster outskirts. However, the same analysis showed that the companion cluster, eFEDS J093501.1+005418, is not gravitationally bound to the interacting system and therefore it is not part of the supercluster. We also checked the impact of adopting a scaling relation to determine the halo concentration c200. At the observed merger stage, where the clusters have travelled ∼55 per cent of the path to reach the apoapsis, the choice of c200 (whether from a scaling relation or a free parameter in the mass model) does not change significantly either the cluster masses or the kinematic description.
Recent advances in solid-state NMR of zeolite catalysts
Authors: Wang Weiyu , Xu Jun , Deng Feng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Zeolites are important inorganic crystalline microporous materials with a broad range of applications in the areas of catalysis, ion exchange, and adsorption/separations. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has proven to be a powerful tool in the study of zeolites and relevant catalytic reactions because of its advantage in providing atomic-level insights into molecular structure and dynamic behavior. In this review, we provide a brief discussion on the recent progress in exploring framework structures, catalytically active sites and intermolecular interactions in zeolites and metal-containing ones by using various solid-state NMR methods. Advances in the mechanistic understanding of zeolite-catalysed reactions including methanol and ethanol conversions are presented as selected examples. Finally, we discuss the prospect of the solid-state NMR technique for its application in zeolites.
Green Leaf Volatiles—The Forefront of Plant Responses Against Biotic Attack
Authors: Matsui Kenji , Engelberth Jurgen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are six-carbon volatile oxylipins ubiquitous in vascular plants. GLVs are produced from acyl groups in the biological membranes via oxygenation by a pathway-specific lipoxygenase (LOX) and a subsequent cleavage reaction by hydroperoxide lyase. Because of the universal distribution and ability to form GLVs, they have been anticipated to play a common role in vascular plants. While resting levels in intact plant tissues are low, GLVs are immediately synthesized de novo in response to stresses, such as insect herbivory, that disrupt the cell structure. This rapid GLV burst is one of the fastest responses of plants to cell-damaging stresses; therefore, GLVs are the first plant-derived compounds encountered by organisms that interact with plants irrespective of whether the interaction is competitive or friendly. GLVs should therefore be considered important mediators between plants and organisms that interact with them. GLVs can have direct effects by deterring herbivores and pathogens as well as indirect effects by attracting predators of herbivores, while other plants can recruit them to prepare their defenses in a process called priming. While the beneficial effects provided to plants by GLVs are often less dramatic and even complementary, the buildup of these tiny effects due to the multiple functions of GLVs can amass to levels that become substantially beneficial to plants. This review summarizes the current understanding of the spatiotemporal resolution of GLV biosynthesis and GLV functions and outlines how GLVs support the basic health of plants.
Correction of large jawbone defect in the mouse using immature osteoblast–like cells and a 3D polylactic acid scaffold
Authors: Suzuki Shigeto , Venkataiah Venkata Suresh , Yahata Yoshio , Kitagawa Akira , Inagaki Masahiko , Njuguna Mary M , Nozawa Risako , Kakiuchi Yusuke , Nakano Masato , Handa Keisuke , Yamada Masahiro , Egusa Hiroshi , Saito Masahiro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Bone tissue engineering has been developed using a combination of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and calcium phosphate–based scaffolds. However, these complexes cannot regenerate large jawbone defects. To overcome this limitation of MSCs and ceramic scaffolds, a novel bone regeneration technology must be developed using cells possessing high bone forming ability and a scaffold that provides space for vertical bone augmentation. To approach this problem in our study, we developed alveolar bone–derived immature osteoblast–like cells (HAOBs), which have the bone regenerative capacity to correct a large bone defect when used as a grafting material in combination with polylactic acid fibers that organize the 3D structure and increase the strength of the scaffold material (3DPL). HAOB-3DPL constructs could not regenerate bone via xenogeneic transplantation in a micromini pig alveolar bone defect model. However, the autogenic transplantation of mouse calvaria–derived immature osteoblast–like cells (MCOBs) isolated using the identical protocol for HAOBs and mixed with 3DPL scaffolds successfully regenerated the bone in a large jawbone defect mouse model, compared to the 3DPL scaffold alone. Nanoindentation analysis indicated that the regenerated bone had a similar micromechanical strength to native bone. In addition, this MCOB-3DPL regenerated bone possesses osseointegration ability wherein a direct structural connection is established with the titanium implant surface. Hence, a complex formed between a 3DPL scaffold and immature osteoblast–like cells such as MCOBs represents a novel bone tissue engineering approach that enables the formation of vertical bone with the micromechanical properties required to treat large bone defects.
A highly conserved gene locus in endofungal bacteria codes for the biosynthesis of symbiosis-specific cyclopeptides
Authors: Niehs Sarah P , Scherlach Kirstin , Dose Benjamin , Uzum Zerrin , Stinear Timothy P , Pidot Sacha J , Hertweck Christian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The tight association of the pathogenic fungus Rhizopus microsporus and its toxin-producing, bacterial endosymbionts (Mycetohabitans spp.) is distributed worldwide and has significance for agriculture, food production, and human health. Intriguingly, the endofungal bacteria are essential for the propagation of the fungal host. Yet, little is known about chemical mediators fostering the symbiosis, and universal metabolites that support the mutualistic relationship have remained elusive. Here, we describe the discovery of a complex of specialized metabolites produced by endofungal bacteria under symbiotic conditions. Through full genome sequencing and comparative genomics of eight endofungal symbiont strains from geographically distant regions, we discovered a conserved gene locus (hab) for a nonribosomal peptide synthetase as a unifying trait. Bioinformatics analyses, targeted gene deletions, and chemical profiling uncovered unprecedented depsipeptides (habitasporins) whose structures were fully elucidated. Computational network analysis and labeling experiments granted insight into the biosynthesis of their nonproteinogenic building blocks (pipecolic acid and β-phenylalanine). Deletion of the hab gene locus was shown to impair the ability of the bacteria to enter their fungal host. Our study unveils a common principle of the endosymbiotic lifestyle of Mycetohabitans species and expands the repertoire of characterized chemical mediators of a globally occurring mutualistic association.
Leaf water potential-dependent leaflet closure contributes to legume leaves cool down and drought avoidance under diurnal drought stress
Authors: Feng Xiangyan , Zhong Lingfei , Tian Quanyan , Zhao Wenzhi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Efficient thermoregulation under diurnal drought stress protects leaves from photosystem damage and water supply–demand imbalance, yet the cool effect and drought avoidance by leaflet closure have not been well understood. We investigated the cool effect and the drought avoidance of leaflet closure in legume species that survived in the semi-arid region facing seasonal and diurnal drought stress. The results showed that leaflet closure effectively cooled down legume leaves through a reduction of projected leaflet area and the cosine of the angle of incidence (cos i). The leaflet closure was strongly dependent on leaf water potential (Ψleaf). In addition, by characterizing the sequence of key leaf drought response traits, we found leaflet closure occurred after stomatal closure and reduced transpiration rate but before hydraulic failure and turgor loss point (Ψtlp). The meta-analysis also showed that the leaflet closure and cos i decreased after the stomatal conductance declined but before midday. These results imply that Ψleaf-dependent leaflet closure as an alternative to transpiration for leaflet cooling down and as a protective drought avoidance strategy assisting sessile legume plants survival under drought stress.
Breastfeeding Social Support Among African American Women in the United States
Authors: Gyamfi Adwoa , Spatz Diane L. , Jefferson Urmeka T. , Lucas Ruth , O'Neill Barbara , Henderson Wendy A. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
In the United States, there are racial disparities in 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding. Only, 25.8% of American infants were breastfed for the first 180 days of life, with African American infants least (19.8%) exclusively breastfed in 2018.

Purpose:
The meta-ethnography explored the breastfeeding support for African American women in the United States.

Data Sources:
The online databases of American Psychological Association, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, and Scopus were searched with key words, and the search was not limited by the year of publication.

Study Selection:
The inclusion criteria for the study selection entailed all qualitative studies conducted on breastfeeding support among self-identified African American women in the United States, written in English language, peer reviewed, or dissertation. The initial search produced 905 articles of which 8 met the eligibility criteria.

Data Extraction:
Data extraction and analysis were guided by Noblit and Hare's (1988) meta-ethnography approach. The analysis process was completed by a team of researchers, inclusive of breastfeeding experts.

Results:
Five overarching themes emerged including trustworthy information; early postpartum support by key influencers; maternal culture; tangible resources, and Black mothers' empowerment.

Implications for Practice and Research:
Social support is a major determinant for the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding among African American women in the United States. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to explore the social support of breastfeeding among African American women in the United States.
Towards a molecular profile of antiretroviral therapy-free HIV remission
Authors: Adams Philipp , Berkhout Ben , Pasternak Alexander O. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
To summarize the current status and highlight recent findings on predictive biomarkers for posttreatment HIV control (PTC) and virological remission. While historically, many studies focused on virological markers, there is an increasing tendency to enter immune and metabolic factors into the equation.

Recent findings
On the virological side, several groups reported that cell-associated HIV RNA could predict time to viral rebound. Recent data hints at the possible importance of the genic location and chromatin context of the integrated provirus, although these factors still need to be assessed in relation to PTC and virological remission. Evidence from immunological studies highlighted innate and humoral immunity as important factors for prolonged HIV remission. Interestingly, novel metabolic markers have emerged, which offer additional angles to our understanding of latency and viral rebound.

Summary
Facilitating PTC and virological remission remain top priorities for the HIV cure research. We advocate for clear and precise definitions for both phenomena in order to avoid misconceptions and to strengthen the conclusions that can be drawn. As no one-size-fits-all marker has emerged yet, more biomarkers are on the horizon, and viral rebound is a complex and heterogeneous process, it is likely that a combination of various biomarkers in cohesion will be necessary for a more accurate prediction of antiretroviral therapy-free HIV remission.