bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semi Supervised Grading Model Using Syntactic Level Feature Selection Technique
Authors: R Krithiga , p Geetha 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cancer prognosis and the course of treatment chosen are based on the grade of malignancy present as observed in the images. Deep learning approaches have resulted in encouraging outcomes on histopathology images at different levels, such as detection, segmentation, and classification. In this paper, we examine the application of deep learning and image processing techniques to perform automatic breast cancer malignancy grading from histopathology images of Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stains. To determine the grade of malignancy slide, ROI is first extracted from the pre-processed malignant images. From this features were extracted by an intensity level and texture of images, which describe the proportions of nuclei belonging to the various grades, in conjunction with pixel-level feature, and object level feature. In this study we propose a rough set-based syntactic feature selection method (SFSM)-to create an integrated set of image attributes that can potentially differentiate the varies grades of malignancy image features. Finally, cancer grade was determined by reducing feature vector and classified by the individual Xg-boosting model. Thus, the framework can be clinically used for accurate and rapid diagnosis of breast cancer.
Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of sexual and reproductive health rights among undergraduates in state universities in Sri Lanka
Authors: Perera Upuli , Abeysena Chrishantha 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights (SRHR) are universal. The objective was to describe the knowledge and attitudes and explore the perceptions regarding SRHR among undergraduates. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 1575 undergraduates using stratified cluster sampling of the selected universities. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was administered to assess knowledge and attitudes on SRHR. In addition, focus group discussions were conducted to explore perceptions and attitudes regarding SRHR. Three hundred and eighty-five (24.4%, n = 385) undergraduates had good knowledge, 604 (38.3%) had satisfactory knowledge and 586 (37.2%) had poor knowledge on SRHR. Males and undergraduates who had studied in bioscience stream had better knowledge than the other categories (p < 0.001). Majority of undergraduates (93.4%, n = 1463) agreed with the statement aimed at equal say among both men and women in sexual relationships, 1234 (78.8%) agreed that a woman has a right to refuse sex with her male partner anytime she wants and 511(32.7%) said women should be submissive to men. Only a very few (3.1%, n = 48) thought that the child-care would-be women’s sole response. School education, law, media and culture were identified as being related to the protection and violations of rights. Suggestions were made for the improvement of SRRs including strengthening of education and proper implementation of law. Conclusion: Undergraduates’ knowledge on SRHR was not in an acceptable level, however their attitudes were positive. Effective educational program should be implemented.
Impact of HTM on Lead-free Perovskite Solar Cell with High Efficiency
Authors: Das ALOKE kumar , Mandal R. , Mandal D. K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Scaps-1d simulator was used to simulate a lead-free perovskite CH3NH3SnI3 based solar cell devices fabricated from different hole transport materials (HTM). This research looks at two organic and two inorganic HTM layers. The cell structure used in this study is FTO/TiO2/ CH3NH3SnI3/HTM(variable)/Au(variable). Spiro-OMeTAD, PEDOT:PSS, CuO and Cu2O are the HTM materials used. The results show that utilizing CuO as an HTM produces better outcomes than other HTMs, with an efficiency of 28.45%. The thickness, acceptor concentration (NA), and defect density (Nt) of the perovskite layer on optoelectronic properties of the solar cell are focus of simulation studies. According to this study, an perovskite layer thickness of 1000 nm is suitable for a decent photovoltaic cell. Furthermore, by adjusting the HTM thickness and the defect density of HTM and absorber layer, promising findings of Jsc of 34.38 mAcm− 2, Voc of 1.011 V, FF of 80.85% and PCE of 28.10% were obtained for Spiro-OMeTAD based PSC. Finally, in order to improve the device's performance, an anode material with high work function is required. Our findings reveal that using a thin absorber layer results in low photo generated charge carriers due to less absorption, but high carrier extraction. Although more carriers are created in the cell due to increased absorption, decreased collection efficiency is related to recombination, which decreases Voc for thick perovskite layers. Device efficiency is improved by increasing the doping density up to 1018 cm− 3 in the perovskite layer due to built-in electric field across the solar cell. Again a very thin or thick HTL is not ideal for high PCE. For low recombination and a high fill factor, an HTM (Spiro-OMeTAD) of 1–100 nm is necessary. The great power conversion efficiency of organic HTM based lead-free PSC brings up the new possibilities for obtaining renewable energy.
Probing the Link Between Cortical Inhibitory and Excitatory Processes and Muscle Fascicle Dynamics
Authors: Lauber Benedikt , Taube Wolfgang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
During movements, neural signals are translated into shortening of muscle fibers. This study investigated cortical excitatory and inhibitory processes in relation to muscle fascicle dynamics during isometric explosive contractions. Fourteen adults performed submaximal and maximal dorsiflexions. Single and paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation of the tibialis anterior (TA) was applied during rest, the activation and deactivation phase of contractions to test for short- (SICI) and long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF). Ultrasound images were taken to measure muscle fascicle dynamics of the superficial (TASF) and deep (TADP) TA compartments. The results show significantly greater maximal shortening velocities (p = 0.003) and greater maximal fascicle shortening (p = 0.003) in TASF than TADP during submaximal dorsiflexions. Significantly lower SICI levels during activation compared to deactivation (p = 0.019) and at rest (p<0.0001) were observed. ICF was significantly greater during activation (p = 0.03) than during rest while LICI did hardly modulate. Maximal TASF but not TADP shortening velocity correlated with SICI levels at activation (p = 0.06) and with the rate of torque development (p = 0.02). The results suggest that SICI influences muscle fascicle behavior and that intracortical inhibition and excitation are phase-dependently modulated.
Two Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Estimating the Effects on Essential Health Services Utilization in Uganda and Bangladesh
Authors: Angeles Gustavo , Silverstein Hannah , Ahsan Karar Zunaid , Kibria Mohammad Golam , Rakib Nibras Ar , Escudero Gabriela , Sing Kavita , Mpiima Jamiru , Simmons Elizabeth , Weiss William 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Since March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has been a major shock to health systems across the world. We examined national usage patterns for selected basic, essential health services, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, to determine whether COVID-19 affected reporting of service utilization and the use of health services.
Methods
We used routine health information system data since January 2017 to analyze reporting and service utilization patterns for a variety of health services. Using time series models to replicate pre-COVID-19 trajectories over time we estimated what levels would have been observed if COVID-19 had not occurred during the pandemic months, starting in March 2020. The difference between the observed and predicted levels is the COVID effect on health services.
Findings:
The time trends models for Uganda and Bangladesh closely replicated the levels and trajectories of service utilization during the 38 months prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results indicate that COVID-19 had severe effects across all services, particularly during the first months of the pandemic, but COVID-19 impacts on health services and subsequent recovery varied by service type. In general, recovery to expected levels was slow and incomplete across the most affected services.
Conclusion
Our analytical approach based on national information system data could be very useful as a form of surveillance for health services disruptions from any cause leading to rapid responses from health service managers and policymakers.
Personalising pain management in advanced cancer: is KCNJ6 A1032G associated with methadone response?
Authors: Haupt Larisa , Ozberk Deniz , Haywood Alison , Sutherland Heidi , Yu Chieh , Albury Cassie , Zunk Matthew , George Rani , Good Phillip , Griffiths Lyn , Hardy Janet 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Opioids are the therapeutic agents of choice to manage moderate to severe pain in patients with advanced cancer, however the unpredictable inter-individual response to opioid therapy remains a challenge for clinicians. While studies are few, the KCNJ6 gene is a promising target for investigating genetic factors that contribute to pain and analgesia response. This is the first association study on polymorphisms in KCNJ6 and response to methadone for pain management in advanced cancer. Fifty-four adult patients with advanced cancer were recruited across two study sites in a prospective, open label, dose individualisation study. No associations were shown for rs2070995 and methadone dose or pain score, consistent with other studies conducted in patients receiving opioids for pain in advanced cancer. Significant associations have been shown for rs2070995 and opioid response in opioid substitution therapy for heroin addiction and studies in chronic pain, with mixed results seen in postoperative pain. There are many challenges in conducting studies in advanced cancer with significant attrition and small sample sizes, however it is hoped that the results of our study will contribute to the evidence base and allow for continued development of gene-drug dosing guidelines for clinicians.
Lightweight single image deraining algorithm incorporating visual saliency
Authors: hu mingdi , Yang Jingbing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Deep learning (DL) methods have achieved excellent performance in the task of single image rain removal, however, there are still some challenges, such as artifact remnant, background over-smooth, and more and more complex and heavy-weight network architecture. Due to too heavy-weight network to suit outdoor detection devices or mobile devices, therefore, we propose a light-weight single image deraining algorithm incorporating visual attention saliency mechanisms (LDVS). The network consists of dilation convolution module, the convolutional block attention module (CBAM), and gated recursive unit module. Specifically, rain steaks feature maps are extracted by the combinations of dilated convolution with CBAM, which also facilitates accurate localisation of rain steak location, and then the three gated recursive units is cascaded to remove steaks stage by stage. The dilated convolution module and CBAM are used to reduce network’s weight size and retain the rain removal result, thus our LDVS method belongs to the lightweight with only 50703 parameters. Extensive experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets have demonstrated that our method outperforms the baseline both under qualitative and quantitative analysis. Under the same rain removal result, our method is less time cost and less burden.
Optineurin Gene Polymorpshism and Its Association With Glaucoma Onset
Authors: Batool Andleeb , Noureen Aqsa , Mukhtar Maryam , Parveen Asia , Malkani Naila , Hanif Atif 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Glaucoma is a polygenic trait, and an irreversible visual impairment disorder caused by elevation of IOP (Intraocular Pressure), apoptotic death of the retinal Ganglion cells, excavation of optic nerve and ultimately vision loss if remain untreated. It is inherited in next generation in carrier families. In this study we aimed to identify the genetic polymorphism in OPTN gene and its association with glaucoma. Three SNPs (rs11258194, rs75654767, rs2234968) of OPTN gene were evaluated with their restriction enzymes StuI, AciI and HpyChIV respectively for their genetic association. For this purpose, blood samples were carried out from 100 patients and 100 controls with their clinical characteristics. Genotyping was done by DNA sequencing and PCR-RFLP. Overall the genotypic frequencies of two SNPs rs11258194 “TA” and rs75654767 “AA” were (0.21) and (0.42) in patients respectively while these genotypes were absent in controls. So rs75654767 (AA) and rs11258194 were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with Glaucoma in our population. No association was detected with rs2234968. Haplotype analysis indicated that TGG, AAG, and TAG were strongly associated (p < 0.05) with the disease onset while the haplotype AGG was significant in controls and has a protective role against disease development. Moreover, no linkage disequilibrium was seen between the rs2234968 and rs2234968 except the rs11258194 (D/= 0.75). In conclusion, the polymorphism in OPTN was significantly associated with the glaucoma. A large scale genetic screening of families is required for the evaluation of their role in disease development and early diagnosis.
Iris Fluttering Detected by Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in Eyes with Intrascleral Fixation of Intraocular Lens
Authors: Inoue Makoto , Koto Takashi , Hirakata Akito 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The iris fluttering after eye movements was quantified by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in 29 eyes that had undergone pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and intrascleral fixation of an intraocular lens (IOL, ISF group) and 15 eyes with PPV and an IOL implantation into lens capsule (control group). The iris fluttering was recorded every 0.2 seconds by AS-OCT after the eye had moved from a temporal to the primary position (time 0). The iris height from the iris plane (line between the anterior chamber angles) were compared between the groups. The height of the nasal sector in the ISF group decreased to -0.68 ± 0.43 mm at 0 sec (P < 0.0001) and returned to -0.06 ± 0.23 mm at 0.2 sec (P = 0.14). The height of the nasal sector at 0 sec was significantly lower than that of control (-0.05 ± 0.09 mm, P < 0.0001). The height of the temporal sector increased to 0.45 ± 0.31 mm at 0 sec (P < 0.0001) and returned to -0.06 ± 0.18 mm at 0.2 sec (P = 0.15). The height of the temporal sector at 0 sec was significantly higher than that of the control (0.03 ± 0.06 mm, P < 0.0001). Large amplitude iris fluttering leading to reverse pupillary block can be detected and quantified by consecutive AS-OCT images.
Patient-centered research: how do women tolerate nipple fluid aspiration as a potential screening tool for breast cancer?
Authors: Patuleia Susana I.S. , Moelans Cathy B. , Koopman Jasmijn , Steenhoven Julia E.C. van , Dalen Thijs van , Pol Carmen C. van der , Jager Agnes , Ausems Margreet G.E.M. , Diest Paul J. van , Wall Elsken van der , Suijkerbuijk Karijn P.M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Nipple fluid aspiration (NFA) is a technique to acquire nipple aspirate fluid (NAF), which is considered a rich source of breast-specific biomarkers. Originating directly from the mammary ducts, this liquid biopsy can offer insight into the process of carcinogenesis at its earliest stage and therefore could be of added value to the current imaging-based breast cancer screening tools. With that in mind, it is necessary to know how well NFA is tolerated.Aim: To evaluate the participants’ tolerability of NFA compared to breast imaging screening methods and blood draws.Materials and methods: Three cohorts of women underwent NFA: healthy women (n=190), women diagnosed with breast cancer (n=137) and women at high risk of developing breast cancer (n=48). A 0-10 discomfort score of NFA, mammography, breast MRI and blood draws, was filled in at the study visits, which took place once or annually.Results: The median discomfort rate of NFA was 1, which was significantly lower than the median discomfort of mammography and breast MRI (5 and 3, respectively, p<0.001), but significantly higher than median discomfort for blood draws (0, p<0.001). The great majority of women would undergo the procedure again (98%) and recommend it to others (97%).Conclusion: This study shows that NFA was well tolerated by healthy women, women diagnosed with breast cancer and high-risk women. This makes NFA a feasible method to pursue as a potential future breast cancer early detection tool, based on resident biomarkers.Trial registration: NL41845.041.12, NL57343.041.16 and NL11690.041.06 in trialregister.nl
A pan-cancer analysis of the role of hexokinase II (HK2) in human tumors
Authors: Li Ruiqi , Mei Shuchong , Ding Qiang , Wang Qingming , Yu Li , Zi Fuming 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background:In view of the complexity of tumorigenesis, it is very important to conduct a pan-cancer expression analysis and assess its correlation with clinical prognosis and potential molecular mechanisms of gene interested. More and more evidences show that HK2 is closely related to tumors. But no pan-cancer analysis is available. The aim of this paper was to explore the potential roles of HK2 across thirty-three tumors based on the datasets of TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus). Results:HK2 is highly expressed in most tumors and related to the progression of some tumors. HK2 expression were associated with the infiltration of T follicular helper cells (Tfh) for the TCGA tumors of UVM, BRCA, BRCA-LumA, HNSC, HNSC-HPV+, and cancer-associated fibroblasts for the tumors of LGG and STAD. Conclusion:Our first pan-cancer analyses of HK2 indicated statistical correlations of HK2 expression with clinical prognosis and immune cell infiltration across multiple tumors, which help to understand the role of HK2 in tumorigenesis from the perspective of clinical tumor samples.
Relationship Between Attachment Site of Tibialis Anterior Muscle and Shape of Tibia: Anatomical Study of Cadavers
Authors: Kimata Kentaro , Otsuka Shun , Yokota Hiroki , Shan Xiyao , Hatayama Naoyuki , Naito Munekazu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Tibialis anterior (TA) muscle is the largest dorsiflexor of the ankle joint and plays an important role during gait movement. However, descriptions of the TA attachment site are inconsistent even among major anatomy textbooks, and its origin, especially the attachment site for the tibia, has not been reported in detail. This study is the first experimental attempt to investigate the origin of the TA in detail, paying particular attention to the relationship with the shape of the tibia, including sex differences.Methods: Forty legs (20 males, 20 females) from twenty Japanese cadavers were examined. Gross anatomical examination of the TA's attachment site to the tibia and the tibia's shape was performed.Results: The location of the distal end of the TA's attachment on tibia was more distal in males than in females. The anterior border of the tibia had a gentle S-like curve, with a medially convex curve in the proximal region and a laterally convex curve in the distal region in frontal plane. The most protruding point of the distal curve of the anterior border locates more proximal in females than in males.Conclusions: There were sex differences in relationship between the distal end of the attachment site on tibia of the TA and the shape of the tibia. Consequently, in males, the TA was considered to be advantageous for power exertion, while in females it worked efficiently for ankle movements. Sex differences in TA's attachment site and the shape of the tibia may be involved in gait movement as well as frequency of lower leg disorders such as chronic exertional compartment syndrome.
Trends in Avoidable Hospitalizations in A Developed City in Eastern China: 2015 to 2018
Authors: CHEN Siyuan , JIAN Weiyan , FU Hongqiao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to measure the avoidable hospitalization rate and the treatment cost per hospitalization time in large cities of eastern China.Methods: In this study, the hospital discharge data of all inpatients in the city from 2015 to 2018 were collected. In accordance with the organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) definition of avoidable hospitalizations, five diseases were selected as the measurement objects, including hypertension, diabetes, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as congestive heart failure (CHF). The basic characteristics and disease severity of patients were regulated using the linear probability model and the log-linear model, and the trend of avoidable hospitalization rate and treatment cost was examined according to the description of hospitalization rate, average cost per stay and average length of stay per stay.Results: From 2015 to 2018, the absolute number of avoidable hospitalizations in the city increased while fluctuating, which reached 125,372 in 2018. Among the five avoidable hospitalizations, the number of hospitalizations for diabetes increased continuously in the 4-year period. Congestive heart failure showed the most significant increase over the four years. Avoidable hospitalizations in the city have remained at a high level, while avoidable hospitalizations of hypertension and asthma fell to levels lower than those in 2015 in 2017 and 2018 after rising in 2016. The cost per hospitalization and length of stay per hospitalization decreased.Conclusions: Avoidable hospitalizations in the city remain at a high level, and more effective policies should be formulated to guide patients with avoidable hospitalizations, so as to more effectively exploit outpatient services and continuously improve the quality of primary health care services.
The Effect of Fear of Failure on Confidence in, and Comfortableness With, the Delivery of End-of-life Care
Authors: Latham John , Butchard Sarah , Mason Stephen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate whether fear of failure (FOF) influences a clinician’s perception of their confidence and comfortableness with the delivery of end of life (EOL) care, controlling for gender, role, years of experience, and number of EOL conversations. DesignCross-sectional questionnaire study.Setting Two large NHS hospital trusts in the UK, and national UK professional networks.Participants105 doctors and 104 specialist nurses across 20 hospital specialities. Main outcome measuresThe Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory, the Self-Efficacy in Palliative Care scale, the Thanatophobia Scale. Analysis A two-step multiple regression.ResultsThe study validated the use of the PFAI and its subscales within a novel population group of medical professionals. No. of EOL conversations, gender, and role impacted confidence and comfortableness with EOL care. Fearing loss of interest negatively impacted a clinician’s confidence in communicating with patients. Fear of devaluing one’s self-estimate negatively impacted confidence in decision making, working with others, and total self-efficacy.ConclusionThree aspects of FOF negatively impacted both doctors and nurses delivery of EOL care. Practical ImplicationsFurther study should look at how FOF develops, sustaining factors, and other areas of clinical practice that FOF impacts, drawing also from FOF research outside the field of medicine. Techniques developed to manage FOF in other populations can now be investigated with a medical population.