bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thyroid hormone‐dependent and independent processes of red blood cell transition from larval to adult type during metamorphosis in Xenopus laevis
Authors: Yamaguchi Masahiro , Kawaguchi Yui , Minami Shohta , Matsuda Iyo , Hirooka Asuka , Yamakawa Natsumi , Ikoma Akiho , Ikai Waku , Kinoshita Tsutomu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAmphibian metamorphosis results in drastic whole‐body remodeling. Thyroid hormone (TH) drives most of these metamorphic changes. A prominent event during this remodeling is the red blood cell (RBC) transition from larval to adult forms, which exclusively contain larval and adult hemoglobin, respectively. However, the role of TH in RBC transition remains unclear. Here we reconfirmed that RBC transition of Xenopus laevis is completed much later than morphological metamorphosis. Further, larval and adult RBCs/erythroblasts proliferated both in the erythropoietic liver and in circulation during metamorphic climax. RBC transition was also confirmed in Rana ornativentris, but in contrast to X. laevis, adult RBC‐specific proliferation was observed from the early climax stages. We also revealed in either species that RBC transition occurs in the liver prior to circulating RBCs. Moreover, anemia induction using phenylhydrazine during the prometamorphosis of X. laevis caused precocious RBC transition even when TH synthesis was blocked, resulting in metamorphosis‐arrested larvae in which most of RBCs were of adult type. These results indicate that a decline in larval RBCs facilitates RBC transition during metamorphosis in a TH‐independent manner. Further, combined administration of phenylhydrazine and TH induced precocious appearance of adult RBCs in early prometamorphic X. laevis tadpoles, whereas individual treatment with phenylhydrazine or TH did not cause precocious RBC transition; this suggests that TH is required to initiate RBC transition by promoting the differentiation of adult erythroblasts during early prometamorphosis in X. laevis. These results show that TH‐dependent and independent processes are present in RBC transition in X. laevis.
Participation‐related constructs and participation of children with additional support needs in schools
Authors: Maciver Donald , Roy Anusua Singh , Johnston Lorna , Tyagi Vaibhav , Arakelyan Stella , Kramer Jessica M. , Richmond Janet , Romero‐Ayuso Dulce , Nakamura‐Thomas Hiromi ,   SPQ Study Group
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate associations between participation‐related constructs and participation frequency and involvement in inclusive schools.MethodIn this cross‐sectional study, teachers of children with additional support needs, including intellectual disability, autism, and learning difficulties, completed measures. Participation‐related constructs were measured using the School Participation Questionnaire; participation frequency and involvement were measured using the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth. A series of multilevel linear mixed‐effects regression models with maximum likelihood estimates and bootstrap confidence intervals with p‐values were obtained. Final models included participation‐related constructs and participation, controlling for demographic and diagnostic confounders (including age, sex, language, level of school support, and autism).ResultsSix hundred and eighty‐eight children (448 [65.1%] males; mean age 8 years 7 months [range 4 years 10 months–12 years 13 months, standard deviation 2 years 1 months]) were assessed by 252 teachers. Across a series of models, participation‐related constructs were consistently associated with more intensive participation (competence, environment, identity p < 0.001; symptoms p = 0.007), independent of confounders. More frequent participation remained associated with three of four participation‐related constructs (competence, identity p < 0.001; environment p = 0.021). Age (p = 0.046), language (p = 0.002), and level of school support (p = 0.039) also remained significantly associated with frequency of participation.InterpretationChildren with additional support needs in inclusive schools may have several participation barriers. Policies and interventions to improve participation are needed.What this paper adds

Across a series of models, participation‐related constructs were associated with frequency and intensity of participation.

Only participation‐related constructs were associated with participation intensity.

Demographic and diagnostic variables were associated with frequency, not intensity, of participation.

Teacher assessment is valid for assessment of participation and participation‐related constructs.
Early detection of the oak wilt fungus (Bretziella fagacearum) using trapped nitidulid beetle vectors
Authors: McLaughlin Kelsey , Snover‐Clift Karen , Somers Liam , Cancelliere Jessica , Cole Robert 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs the range of the oak wilt fungal pathogen expands, it will become increasingly important for land managers to have early detection tools to find the disease before it becomes locally established and causes environmental and economic losses. New York State has been at the leading edge of the disease's range since 2008 and intensively surveys for and manages the disease to protect the state's oak resource. The oak wilt fungus was successfully detected using double‐nested PCR on nitidulids wet‐collected in multi‐funnel traps, suggesting we can find it on the landscape before symptomatic trees are detected. From 2019 to 2021, 10–13 percent of beetle samples were PCR positive for the oak wilt fungus, including sites in New York where oak wilt had been treated and ‘early detection’ sites where infected trees had never been found. Our method is also useful for identifying local associates, such as Carpophilus lugubris in New York. While some obstacles exist, such as the efficiency of sampling and the ability to trace positive nitidulid samples back to infected trees, with more development this tool will be another useful option for land managers in detecting and managing oak wilt.
Local stressors mask the effects of warming in freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Morris Olivia F. , Loewen Charlie J. G. , Woodward Guy , Schäfer Ralf B. , Piggott Jeremy J. , Vinebrooke Rolf D. , Jackson Michelle C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClimate warming is a ubiquitous stressor in freshwater ecosystems, yet its interactive effects with other stressors are poorly understood. We address this knowledge gap by testing the ability of three contrasting null models to predict the joint impacts of warming and a range of other aquatic stressors using a new database of 296 experimental combinations. Despite concerns that stressors will interact to cause synergisms, we found that net impacts were usually best explained by the effect of the stronger stressor alone (the dominance null model), especially if this stressor was a local disturbance associated with human land use. Prediction accuracy depended on stressor identity and how asymmetric stressors were in the magnitude of their effects. These findings suggest we can effectively predict the impacts of multiple stressors by focusing on the stronger stressor, as habitat alteration, nutrients and contamination often override the biological consequences of higher temperatures in freshwater ecosystems.
Drugs–Protein affinity‐score prediction using deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Sharma Moolchand , Deswal Suman 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDrug discovery involves identifying novel drug–target (DT) interactions. Most proposed computer models for predicting drug–target interactions have emphasized binary classification, but the aim is to determine whether two drug targets interact. However, it is more practical but more challenging to anticipate the binding affinity, which evaluates the strength of a DT pair's association. The drug may not work if the binding affinity is not strong enough. Due to this reason, we need an expert system for predicting the affinity score between the drug and target protein. Advanced deep learning techniques can predict binding affinities because there are more new public affinity data in databases related to DT. This paper uses a comparative analysis of different drug and protein‐encoding techniques to predict DT binding affinities based on similarities between drugs and proteins. The validation results on the standard dataset show that the proposed model is an excellent way to predict how well DT binds and can be very helpful in the process of new drugs. Hence, the model on the DAVIS dataset achieved a higher concordance index, that is, 0.897, and the lowest mean square error, that is, 0.226; for the KIBA dataset, the concordance index score achieved is 0.867, and the mean square error is 0.191. The findings are compared to baseline methods using some evaluation parameters, including the mean squared error and the concordance index.
The effects of temperature extremes on survival in two semi‐arid Australian bird communities over three decades, with predictions to 2104
Authors: Gardner Janet L. , Clayton Mark , Allen Richard , Stein John , Bonnet Timothée 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimOrganisms in arid and semi‐arid regions are frequently exposed to climatic extremes and accordingly among the most vulnerable to climate change. Studies of seasonal differences in vital rates, which mediate effects of climate on viability, are rare in arid species, limiting ability to project population trends. We quantified survival patterns for two bird communities as a function of exposure to temperature extremes in winter and summer, then projected survival patterns to 2104.LocationSemi‐arid eastern Australia.Time period1986–2016; 1986–2104.Major taxa studiedBirds.MethodsUsing mark–recapture time‐dependent Cormack–Jolly–Seber models and data for 37 species from two >30‐year ringing programmes, we tested for effects on 6‐monthly survival of exposure to temperatures >38 and <0°C. We then predicted future survival for different emission scenarios, testing whether changes in survival associated with warming winters would be sufficient to offset the effects of rising summer temperatures.ResultsSurvival probability declined strongly with increasing exposure to days >38°C and to a lesser extent to days <0°C, with temperature extremes explaining 43 and 13% of temporal variation in survival among years, respectively. Summer survival patterns were similar across avian guilds but only survival of nectarivores declined in winter. Our models predict that gains in winter survival will not offset reductions in summer survival. Annual survival is predicted to decline substantially by the end of the century: from .63 in 1986 to .43 in 2104 under an optimistic emission scenario and to .11 under a pessimistic scenario.Main conclusionsWe highlight the significance of temperature extremes for species' persistence in arid and semi‐arid regions, comprising 70% of Australia's landmass, and 40% globally. Our demography‐based results are consistent with physiological‐based projections evaluating avian survival in arid and semi‐arid regions globally and suggest rising summer temperatures pose a risk to population persistence in these regions.
Recommendations for community pharmacy to improve access to medication advice for people from ethnic minority communities: A qualitative person‐centred codesign study
Authors: Robinson Anna , O'Brien Nicola , Sile Laura , Guraya Harpreet K. , Govind Thorrun , Harris Vicki , Pilkington Guy , Todd Adam , Husband Andy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionMedicines‐centred consultations are vital to support medicine effectiveness and optimize health outcomes for patients. However, inequalities negatively impact ethnic minority populations when accessing medicines advice. It is important to identify opportunities to improve access for these communities however, knowledge of how best to achieve this is lacking; this study will generate recommendations to improve access to medicines advice from community pharmacies for people from ethnic minority communities.MethodsA series of codesign workshops, with four groups of patient‐stakeholders, were conducted between September–November 2021; they took place in‐person or via video call (adhering to COVID‐19 restrictions). Existing evidence‐based perceptions affecting access to medicines advice were critiqued and recommendations were generated, by use of reflexive thematic analysis, to improve access for ethnic minority patients. The workshops were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. QSR NVivo (Version 12) facilitated data analysis.ResultsTwelve participants were recruited using purposive sampling; including eight UK citizens, two asylum seekers and two participants in receipt of residency visas. In total, four different ethnic minority groups were represented. Each participant took part in a first and second workshop to share and cocreate recommendations to improve access to medicines advice in community pharmacies. Three recommendations were developed and centred on: (i) delivering and providing culturally competent medicines advice; (ii) building awareness of accessing medicines advice from community pharmacies; and (iii) enabling better discussions with patients from ethnic minority communities.ConclusionsThese recommendations have the potential to support community pharmacy services to overcome ethnic inequalities affecting medicines advice; service commissioners should consider these findings to best meet the needs of ethnic minority patients. Cultural competence training for community pharmacy staff could support the creation of pharmacies as inclusive healthcare settings. Collaborative working with ethnic minority communities could enable specific tailoring of medicines‐centred services to best meet their needs.Patient or Public ContributionThe National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) and Newcastle University Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement group had extensive input in the study design and conceptualization. Seven patient champions were appointed to the steering group to ensure that the research was conducted, and findings were reported, with cultural competence.Trial RegistrationNot applicable.
Synthesis and process modeling of mesoporous γ‐Al2O3 granules using the biopolymer chitosan via experimental design
Authors: Mohammadi Behnam , Mirkazemi Seyed Mohammad , Vahidshad Yaser , Dorani Akram 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, biopolymer chitosan is presented as a template for synthesizing and shaping the mesoporous γ‐Al2O3 macrospheres. This porous γ‐Al2O3 granule has a high surface area (310 m2/g), high pore volume (.6148 cm3/g), and pore diameter between 2 and 10 nm. The full factorial design based on a mathematical model was implemented to study the acid concentration, chitosan amount, ammonia concentration, and aging time affecting the responses (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area and pore volume). Predicted responses were found to be in satisfactory agreement with experimental values (R2 = .9580 and .9109, respectively). The adequacy of the model was examined by analyzing the residual distribution plots and Pareto graph. X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis, and N2 adsorption/desorption techniques are employed to characterize the structure of the prepared γ‐alumina sample.
The Doctrine of the Trinity: Intellectual Construct or Ontological Reality? Reflections from the Philosophy of Science
Authors: McGrath Alister E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article draws on the distinction between instrumentalism and realism in the philosophy of science to consider the merits of two possible approaches to the doctrine of the Trinity. One considers this doctrine to be an intellectual construct, which coordinates multiple insights about the nature and action of God; the other considers it to be a statement about the ontological reality of God. After considering some of the scientific issues associated with each of these positions, it is argued that the Trinity can be helpfully envisaged theologically in both these manners, providing that they are not separated or considered to be incompatible. The article concludes by exploring the potential contribution of each approach to contemporary theological reflection.
Understanding the “state of play” of long‐term care provision in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Glinskaya Elena , Feng Zhanlian , Suarez Guadalupe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this article, we provide an overview of the current long‐term care (LTC) landscape across low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), based on an analysis and synthesis of literature review findings. We begin with a brief assessment of LTC needs on the demand side, followed by a supply side assessment of the available mix of formal LTC services vis‐à‐vis informal care provision. Next, we describe and discuss the role of government policies in LTC provision and governance. We conclude by discussing and offering practical LTC policy considerations for LMICs, drawing on experiences, best practices and lessons learned from high‐income countries.
Effects of LiF on the properties of (Ba, Ca)(Ti, Sn, Hf)O3‐based multilayer ceramics co‐fired with Ni at reduced atmosphere
Authors: Yu Mei‐Chieh , Tsai Cheng‐Che , Hong Cheng‐Shong , Zhang Yuan‐Xin , Feng Guang‐Huan , Chu Sheng‐Yuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this work, (Ba0.97Ca0.03)(Ti0.96Sn0.005Hf0.035)O3–0.03MnCO3–xLiF (BCTSH–0.03M–xL, x = 0–6 mol%) multilayer piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by the solid‐state synthesis technique. The microstructure and piezoelectric properties of the samples sintered at the reduced atmosphere and co‐fired with the Ni base metal inner electrode were studied. The results showed that 3 mol% LiF could effectively reduce the sintering temperature from 1350 to 1200°C. BCTSH–0.03M–3L ceramics exhibited excellent electrical properties with d33 = 277 pC/N, d31 = −132 pC/N, kp = 0.350, Qm = 315, and εr = 3387. Furthermore, the complex impedance spectroscopy (e.g., activation energy) was used to analyze the doping mechanism of these obtained ceramics sintered at reduced atmosphere. The results indicated when LiF was added in a small amount (x ≤ 3), the bulk density was enhanced, and thus, the activation energy was also increased. Moreorver, when x > 3, Li ions could partly enter the interstitial site of crystal structure resulting in the increase of activation energy. Rayleigh behaviors of reversible and irreversible domain wall contributions were analyzed. It was observed when x = 3, there was a larger Rayleigh coefficient, suggesting that this sample had the weaker pinning effect, and thus contributing to the higher d33 value due to the irreversible domain wall contribution. As x > 3, the Rayleigh coefficient was found to decrease with increasing x due to the formation of the second phase, which could inhibit the motion of extrinsic domain wall. Finally, five‐layer multilayer piezoelectric ceramics co‐fired with inner Ni electrode were fabricated, and the electrical properties of five‐layer multilayer piezoelectric ceramics were found to be d33 = 1468 pC/N, d33* = 2000 (at 20 kV/cm), and kp = 0.342. To the best of our knowledge, the (Ba, Ca)(Ti, Sn, Hf)O3‐based lead‐free multilayer piezoelectric ceramics co‐fired with Ni‐based metal was first reported by us and used as the alternative multilayer ceramics for piezoelectric device applications.
Oxygen vacancy‐rich ZnO nanorods‐based MEMS sensors for swift trace ethanol recognition
Authors: Wang Yanjie , Gao Ruixue , Zhao Hongchao , Li Jing , Zhang Ruijie , Wang Yuhang , Zhou Yong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEthanol vapor plays a significant role in the aspects of human health and industrial production, thus necessitating a swift, sensitive, and low‐power ethanol detection in the field of future gas sensors. In this work, we prepared micro–electro–mechanical system ethanol sensors based on ZnO nanorods (NRs) and nanoparticles (NPs) for trace ethanol detection. Both ZnO samples were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The comparison results exhibited that ZnO NRs based sensors prevailed over NPs‐based counterparts in terms of sensitivity, optimal operation temperature, and reaction speeds. Briefly, that ZnO NRs‐based sensors presented a large response (11.5 toward 5 ppm), fast response/recovery times (5 s/5 s), ultralow detection limit (400 ppb), and tiny power consumption (30 mW) at 245°C, surpassing most of recently reported ethanol sensors and commercial products based metal oxides. The abundant oxygen vacancies, large specific surface area, and porous structure were primarily responsible for the excellent sensor performance. This work also offers a facile and competitive approach to realize a sensitive and swift trace ethanol recognition with minimal power consumption, catering for the demanding requirements of future gas sensors in the fields of wearable devices and Internet of Things.
Sex differences in the association between visceral adipose tissue and atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes patients with normal bodyweight: A study in a Chinese population
Authors: Xu Kun , Zheng Qidong , Shao Jianlin , Yang Lin , Dai Yuancheng , Zhang Jingyuan , Liang Yao , Huang Wenhao , Liu Yajun , Cheng Jian , Pan Yuping , Yang Mengyao , Tang Lijiang , Du Changqing 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionTo investigate the impact of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) on atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes patients with normal bodyweight (OB[−]) in the Chinese population, and to further assess the sex–age differences between them.Materials and MethodsA total of 8,839 type 2 diabetes patients from two of the National Metabolic Management Centers in China were included in this study. Participants were classified into four groups by visceral fat area (VFA; cm2) and body mass index (BMI; kg/m2): VFA < 100 and BMI < 23.9 (VA[−]OB[−]), VFA < 100 and BMI ≥ 23.9 (VA[−]OB[+]), VFA ≥ 100 and BMI < 23.9 (VA[+]OB[−]), VFA ≥ 100 and BMI ≥ 23.9 (VA[+]OB[+]). Atherosclerosis was defined by brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV; cm/s), and we analyzed the association between VFA, BMI and the tertiles of baPWV values.ResultsThe VA(+)OB(−) prevalence was 3.7% among these participants. Patients with VA(+)OB(−) had the highest baPWV value (P < 0.001) and the highest proportion of the tertile 3 of baPWV (P < 0.001) among four groups, and were significantly associated with baPWV (standardized β = 0.026, P = 0.008). VFA was significantly related to tertile 2 to tertile 3 of baPWV in (OB[−]) type 2 diabetes patients, when compared with tertile 1 of baPWV, respectively. In sex–age stratified analysis, the association of VFA and the tertiles of baPWV showed sex differences. For the 55 years age stratification analysis, there was no age difference in the relationship between VFA and baPWV in (OB[−]) patients.ConclusionIncreased VAT was an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis in female type 2 diabetes patients with normal weight.
Redefining effect modification
Authors: Doi Suhail A. , Abdulmajeed Jazeel , Xu Chang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe odds ratio (OR) has been misunderstood in evidence based medicine and clinical epidemiology. Currently, “noncollapsibility” is considered a problem with interpretation of the OR and it is thought that the OR is rarely the parameter of interest for causal inference or interpretation of effect modification. The current focus on the relative risk (RR) and risk difference (RD) suffers from an important limitation: they are not solely measures of effect and vary numerically with baseline risk. In this paper, generalized linear models are examined in terms of the three binary effect measures commonly used in epidemiology to demonstrate thatORs may be the only way to interpret effect modification and have properties that should make them the parameter of interest for causal inference. We look forward to discussion, debate, and counter‐views on this issue from the epidemiology community.