bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating ocean net primary productivity from daily cycles of carbon biomass measured by profiling floats
Authors: Stoer Adam C. , Fennel Katja 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe dependence of net primary productivity (NPP), a central metric in ecology and biogeochemistry, on sunlight drives daily cycles in carbon biomass in the ocean's euphotic zone. In this study, we infer NPP from the daily cycle of biomass. These estimates were extracted from bio‐optical measurements collected by an array of robotic profilers distributed across temperate and polar regions of the southern hemisphere. We estimate NPP in the region south of 30°S as ~11.4 Pg C yr−1, and south of 50°S (the Southern Ocean) as ~4.6 Pg C yr−1. We obtain comparable estimates when complementary daily cycles of oxygen are used instead (11.7 and 3.5 Pg C yr−1). This approach will be valuable for providing the basin‐scale, ground‐truthed information necessary to assess changes in subsurface primary productivity related to climate.
Development of Pure Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) with Excellent 3D Printability and Macro‐ and Micro‐Structural Properties
Authors: Rahmatabadi Davood , Soltanmohammadi Kianoosh , Aberoumand Mohammad , Soleyman Elyas , Ghasemi Ismaeil , Baniassadi Majid , Abrinia Karen , Bodaghi Mahdi , Baghani Mostafa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUnmodified polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has low thermal stability and high hardness. Therefore, using plasticizers as well as thermal stabilizers is inevitable, while it causes serious environmental and health issues. In this work, for the first time, pure food‐grade PVC with potential biomedical applications is processed and 3D printed. Samples are successfully 3D printed using different printing parameters, including velocity, raster angle, nozzle diameter, and layer thickness, and their mechanical properties are investigated in compression, bending, and tension modes. Scanning electron microscopy is also used to evaluate the bonding and microstructure of the printed layers. Among the mentioned printing parameters, raster angle and printing velocity influence the mechanical properties significantly, whereas the layer thickness and nozzle diameter has a little effect. Images from scanning electron microscopy also reveal that printing velocity greatly affects the final part's quality regarding defective voids and rasters’ bonding. The maximum tensile strength of 88.55 MPa is achieved, which implies the superiority of 3D‐printed PVC mechanical properties compared to other commercial filaments. This study opens an avenue to additively manufacture PVC that is the second most‐consumed polymer with cost‐effective and high‐strength features.
Institutional investors' site visits, market attention, and stock market information efficiency—Evidence from stock price synchronicity
Authors: Chen Hong , Zhang Mengyun , Zeng Jun , Pu Hongjing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs external governance factors, institutional investors' governance mechanisms and governance effect have been focus areas of research. Based on the data of A‐share listed companies in the Shenzhen Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2019, this study discusses the impact of institutional investors' site visits on capital market information efficiency. The study finds that institutional investors' site visits can significantly reduce stock price synchronicity, indicating the potential of site visits to improve capital market information efficiency. Market attention can play an amplifying role in the relationship between institutional investors' site visits and stock price synchronicity, which manifests as their sensitivity enhancement. Further, institutional investors' site visits are more effective for reducing stock price synchronicity in non‐state‐owned enterprises and those in areas with low marketization. Moreover, institutional research increases information asymmetry between investors. This study demonstrates the positive role of institutional research from the perspective of capital market information efficiency and confirms the effectiveness of institutional investors as external governance factors.
Quantification of Radiomics features of Peritumoral Vasogenic Edema extracted from fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery images in glioblastoma and isolated brain metastasis, using T1‐dynamic contrast‐enhanced Perfusion analysis
Authors: Parvaze P. Suhail , Bhattacharjee Rupsa , Verma Yogesh Kumar , Singh Rakesh Kumar , Yadav Virendra , Singh Anup , Khanna Gaurav , Ahlawat Sunita , Trivedi Richa , Patir Rana , Vaishya Sandeep , Shah Tejas J. , Gupta Rakesh K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe peritumoral vasogenic edema (PVE) in brain tumors exhibits varied characteristics. Brain metastasis (BM) and meningioma barely have tumor cells in PVE, while glioblastoma (GB) show tumor cell infiltration in most subjects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the PVE of these three pathologies using radiomics features in FLAIR images, with the hypothesis that the tumor cells might influence textural variation. Ex vivo experimentation of radiomics analysis of T1‐weighted images of the culture medium with and without suspended tumor cells was also attempted to infer the possible influence of increasing tumor cells on radiomics features. This retrospective study involved magnetic resonance (MR) images acquired using a 3.0‐T MR machine from 83 patients with 48 GB, 21 BM, and 14 meningioma. The 93 radiomics features were extracted from each subject's PVE mask from three pathologies using T1‐dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging. Statistically significant (< 0.05, independent samples T‐test) features were considered. Features maps were also computed for qualitative investigation. The same was carried out for T1‐weighted cell line images but group comparison was carried out using one‐way analysis of variance. Further, a random forest (RF)‐based machine learning model was designed to classify the PVE of GB and BM. Texture‐based variations, especially higher nonuniformity values, were observed in the PVE of GB. No significance was observed between BM and meningioma PVE. In cell line images, the culture medium had higher nonuniformity and was considerably reduced with increasing cell densities in four features. The RF model implemented with highly significant features provided improved area under the curve results. The possible infiltrative tumor cells in the PVE of the GB are likely influencing the texture values and are higher in comparison with BM PVE and may be of value in the differentiation of solitary metastasis from GB. However, the robustness of the features needs to be investigated with a larger cohort and across different scanners in the future.
Pseudo multishot echo‐planar imaging for geometric distortion improvement
Authors: Chen Hao , Dai Ke , Bao Jianfeng , Zhong Sijie , Hu Chenxi , Liu Yiling , Zhang Zhiyong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractConventional echo‐planar imaging (EPI) uses a radiofrequency pulse for excitation and a prolonged echo train to sample k space, while off‐resonance and T2* decay effects caused by magnetic susceptibility variation accumulate within each echo, leading to geometric distortion. Multishot EPI methods, which divide k space into segments, can shorten the effective echo spacing and reduce the distortion on EPI images. But multiple shots cost longer scan time and render susceptibility to motion. In this study, we propose a new “multishot” EPI method termed pseudo multishot EPI (pmsEPI), in which phase‐encoding lines are segmented as in multishot EPI but are collected within a single shot. With the magnetization divided into different pathways via interleaved excitation instead of refocusing in a single long echo train, the total phase error accumulation is reduced in each segmented acquisition, thereby improving distortion of the resultant EPI image. The performance of the pmsEPI method is demonstrated by phantom and in vivo brain experiments on a 3‐T scanner. The experimental results show that the distortion displacements of pmsEPI acquisition compared with conventional EPI decrease by 50% with two pseudo shots and 66% with three pseudo shots, validating the ability of the method to obtain images with reduced distortion in a single shot, although magnetization splitting may induce more than 40% SNR loss and minor artifacts. Specifically, the ability of pmsEPI in diffusion‐weighted imaging with different trajectory options is highlighted, and the flexibility is demonstrated in a single‐shot blip up and down acquisition.
Standardizing and optimizing nutrition evaluation frequency of enterally fed patients in an ambulatory pediatric gastroenterology practice: A single‐center study
Authors: Ngai Derek , Kotamraju Swetha , Do Phinga , Luffy Robin , Winser‐Bean Christine , Rockwell Jill , Hollaway Lauren , Wright Victoria , Barlow Sarah , Sathe Meghana 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundNutrition monitoring is essential in feeding tube–dependent patients receiving home enteral nutrition (HEN). We identified lack of consistency in dietitian evaluations for our pediatric patients receiving HEN. Consequently, after establishing an institutional standard for nutrition reassessment intervals, we underwent a quality improvement (QI) initiative to improve rates of adherence to standard frequency of dietitian consults and referrals among patients receiving HEN.MethodsA prospective QI initiative from April 2021 to December 2021 was performed using multiple plan‐do‐study‐act (PDSA) cycles. Interventions included (1) a reminder placard, (2) the display of feeding tube status and date of the last dietitian note in the electronic health record (EHR) clinic schedule dashboard, and (3) an autotext smart element to the EHR default clinic note template. The goal was to enable clinicians to quickly identify the need for nutrition evaluation with either a same‐day dietitian consult or a referral to nutrition clinic.ResultsAmong 111 HEN patients with >6 months since last nutrition encounter, the dietitian referral/consult rate prior to any interventions was 58%. The placard (PDSA 1) was abandoned before obtaining reportable data because of sampling bias and clinic workflow inefficiencies. The clinic schedule dashboard modification (PDSA 2) improved the dietitian referral/consult rate to 66%. Subsequently, the clinic note smart element (PDSA 3) increased the rate to 77%. An 8‐week postintervention check revealed a compliance rate of 78%.ConclusionImplementation of minimally interruptive EHR enhancements showed a sustained increase in dietitian referrals and consults for patients receiving HEN, which may improve nutrition outcomes.
Differential involvement of LUBAC‐mediated linear ubiquitination in intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages during intestinal inflammation
Authors: Sakamoto Yusuke , Sasaki Katsuhiro , Omatsu Mayuki , Hamada Kensuke , Nakanishi Yuki , Itatani Yoshiro , Kawada Kenji , Obama Kazutaka , Seno Hiroshi , Iwai Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDisruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier and dysregulation of macrophages are major factors contributing to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Activation of NF‐κB and cell death are involved in maintaining intestinal homeostasis in a cell type‐dependent manner. Although both are regulated by linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC)‐mediated linear ubiquitination, the physiological relevance of linear ubiquitination to intestinal inflammation remains unexplored. Here, we used two experimental mouse models of IBD (intraperitoneal LPS and oral dextran sodium sulfate [DSS] administration) to examine the role of linear ubiquitination in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and macrophages during intestinal inflammation. We did this by deleting the linear ubiquitination activity of LUBAC specifically from IECs or macrophages. Upon LPS administration, loss of ligase activity in IECs induced mucosal inflammation and augmented IEC death. LPS‐mediated death of LUBAC‐defective IECs was triggered by TNF. IEC death was rescued by an anti‐TNF antibody, and TNF (but not LPS) induced apoptosis of organoids derived from LUBAC‐defective IECs. However, augmented TNF‐mediated IEC death did not overtly affect the severity of colitis after DSS administration. By contrast, defective LUBAC ligase activity in macrophages ameliorated DSS‐induced colitis by attenuating both infiltration of macrophages and expression of inflammatory cytokines. Decreased production of macrophage chemoattractant MCP‐1/CCL2, as well as pro‐inflammatory IL‐6 and TNF, occurred through impaired activation of NF‐κB and ERK via loss of ligase activity in macrophages. Taken together, these results indicate that both intraperitoneal LPS and oral DSS administrations are beneficial for evaluating epithelial integrity under inflammatory conditions, as well as macrophage functions in the event of an epithelial barrier breach. The data clarify the cell‐specific roles of linear ubiquitination as a critical regulator of TNF‐mediated epithelial integrity and macrophage pro‐inflammatory responses during intestinal inflammation. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Impact of Asp/Glu‐ADP‐ribosylation on protein‐protein interaction and protein function
Authors: Pei Jimin , Zhang Jing , Wang Xu‐Dong , Kim Chiho , Yu Yonghao , Cong Qian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPARylation plays critical role in regulating multiple cellular processes such as DNA damage response and repair, transcription, RNA processing, and stress response. More than 300 human proteins have been found to be modified by PARylation on acidic residues, that is, Asp (D) and Glu (E). We used the deep‐learning tool AlphaFold to predict protein‐protein interactions (PPIs) and their interfaces for these proteins based on coevolution signals from joint multiple sequence alignments (MSAs). AlphaFold predicted 260 confident PPIs involving PARylated proteins, and about one quarter of these PPIs have D/E‐PARylation sites in their predicted PPI interfaces. AlphaFold predictions offer novel insights into the mechanisms of PARylation regulations by providing structural details of the PPI interfaces. D/E‐PARylation sites have a preference to occur in coil regions and disordered regions, and PPI interfaces containing D/E‐PARylation sites tend to occur between short linear sequence motifs in disordered regions and globular domains. The hub protein PCNA is predicted to interact with more than 20 proteins via the common PIP box motif and the structurally variable flanking regions. D/E‐PARylation sites were found in the interfaces of key components of the RNA transcription and export complex, the SF3a spliceosome complex, and H/ACA and C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complexes, suggesting that systematic PARylation have a profound effect in regulating multiple RNA‐related processes such as RNA nuclear export, splicing, and modification. Finally, PARylation of SUMO2 could modulate its interaction with CHAF1A, thereby representing a potential mechanism for the cross‐talk between PARylation and SUMOylation in regulation of chromatin remodeling.
Physicians' ability to recognize adventitious lung sounds
Authors: Moriki Dafni , Koumpagioti Despoina , Kalogiannis Michalis , Sardeli Olympia , Galani Angeliki , Priftis Kostas N. , Douros Konstantinos 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundLung auscultation is an important tool for diagnosing respiratory diseases. However, the ability of observers to recognize respiratory sounds varies considerably and depends on the sound. The present study aimed to assess the auscultatory skills of healthcare professionals and medical students.MethodsA total of 295 physicians (185 pediatricians, 69 pulmonologists, and 41 physicians of general/internal medicine and subspecialties), 55 residents, and 50 medical students participated in the survey. They listened to five audio‐recorded respiratory sounds and described them in free‐form answers.ResultsThe rates of correct answers were 55.2% for fine crackles, 74.5% for coarse crackles, 72.2% for wheezes, 18.75% for squawks, and 11.25% for pleural friction rub. The medical specialty was correlated with the correct answers and both pediatricians and physicians of general/internal medicine and subspecialties recognized fewer sounds compared with respiratory physicians (odds ratio [OR]: 0.37; confidence interval [CI]: 0.22–0.62; p < 0.001 and, OR: 0.47; CI: 0.22–0.99, p = 0.048, respectively). Years of experience were negatively correlated with the number of correct answers (OR: 0.73; CI:0.62–0.84; p = 0.001).ConclusionsGaps remain in both terminology and recognition of lung sounds among a wide population of Greek physicians. Less experienced physicians perform better on lung auscultation, indicating that continuing education with critical feedback should be offered.
IRAA: A statistical tool for investigating a protein–protein interaction interface from multiple structures
Authors: Belapure Jaydeep , Sorokina Marija , Kastritis Panagiotis L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUnderstanding protein–protein interactions (PPIs) is fundamental to infer how different molecular systems work. A major component to model molecular recognition is the buried surface area (BSA), that is, the area that becomes inaccessible to solvent upon complex formation. To date, many attempts tried to connect BSA to molecular recognition principles, and in particular, to the underlying binding affinity. However, the most popular approach to calculate BSA is to use a single (or in some cases few) bound structures, consequently neglecting a wealth of structural information of the interacting proteins derived from ensembles corresponding to their unbound and bound states. Moreover, the most popular method inherently assumes the component proteins to bind as rigid entities. To address the above shortcomings, we developed a Monte Carlo method‐based Interface Residue Assessment Algorithm (IRAA), to calculate a combined distribution of BSA for a given complex. Further, we apply our algorithm to human ACE2 and SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike protein complex, a system of prime importance. Results show a much broader distribution of BSA compared to that obtained from only the bound structure or structures and extended residue members of the interface with implications to the underlying biomolecular recognition. We derive that specific interface residues of ACE2 and of S‐protein are consistently highly flexible, whereas other residues systematically show minor conformational variations. In effect, IRAA facilitates the use of all available structural data for any biomolecular complex of interest, extracting quantitative parameters with statistical significance, thereby providing a deeper biophysical understanding of the molecular system under investigation.
Sustainable development of factory aquaculture through automation of ultraviolet parasiticide for the prevention and control of cryptocaryoniasis
Authors: Zhou Liyao , Wu Jiankun , Kang Tianjing , Wang Lingling , Yuan Yongchao , Jiang Linhua , Yu Youbin , Xie Xiao , Yin Fei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundCryptocaryon irritans infestations on marine teleosts are a considerable burden on factory mariculture. Ultraviolet (UV) light can kill C. irritans under laboratory conditions. However, a rational method for using UV in factory aquaculture to control cryptocaryoniasis has not been developed. This study focused on evaluating the killing effect of UV on protomonts and tomonts of C. irritans and established an automatic UV parasiticide device for the prevention and control of cryptocaryoniasis in marine teleosts.ResultsThe survival rate of protomonts and tomonts decreased with an increase in the UV irradiation dose. All the protomonts and tomonts died within 14 and 24 min, respectively. The lowest UV lethal doses of protomonts and tomonts of C. irritans were 2.0 × 106 and 3.5 × 106 μWs cm−2, respectively. Exposure of protomonts and tomonts to lethal doses of UV radiation led to shrinkage and severe dissolution of the protoplasm, causing abnormal development of cells. The survival rate of artificially infected Larimichthys crocea (treatment group, group A) was 83.33% at the end of the test (day 14) after disinfection using the automatic UV parasiticide device, whereas that of the control group (group C) was 90.00% (p < 0.05). However, all artificially infected L. crocea without disinfection using the automatic UV parasiticide device (untreated group, group B) died on day 8.ConclusionThe automation of traditional physical methods conforms to the sustainable development of aquaculture and provides a theoretical reference for the prevention and control of cryptocaryoniasis in mariculture. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Exact tolerance interval with specified tail probabilities and a control chart for the sample variance
Authors: Alqurashi Mosab , Chakraborti Subhabrata , Holcombe Chase 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA β‐content tolerance interval (TI) is a statistical interval which contains at least some fraction (proportion) β of the population with a given confidence level. When we are interested in the precision of a quality characteristic, a TI for the sample variance is useful. In this paper, we consider an exact two‐sided β‐content TI for the sample variance from a normal distribution with a specified ratio of the tail probabilities. The proposed tolerance interval allows the practitioner more control over how the probabilities in the tails are distributed, which may be useful in certain applications. A comparison with an existing two‐sided β‐content TI shows that the proposed TI is better on the basis of expected coverage and standard deviation of the coverage. In addition, the proposed TI is shown to require fewer subgroups to achieve a specific accuracy level. Moreover, a phase II control chart with guaranteed performance is obtained from the proposed TI. Finally, a real and a simulated data are used for illustration.
On the hydrodynamic interaction of two coaxial spheres oscillating in a viscous fluid with a slip regime
Authors: El‐Sapa Shreen , Alhejaili Weaam 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of slip length on the movement of two oscillating rigid spheres swimming through Stokes flow. Moreover, the two rigid spheres oscillate about the axis of symmetry through the line connecting their poles. The global solution of the Stokes equations is composed of the superposition of the fundamental solutions in the two spherical coordinate systems established at the origin of each sphere and obtained by a collocation technique. Besides, the force coefficients in‐phase (IP) and out‐of‐phase (OOP) upon each sphere are calculated and presented for one sphere for distinct parameters of the radii ratio, separation distance, velocity ratio, and slip length graphically and tabularly. Streamline patterns are shown for different parameters. Furthermore, we found from our analysis that the impress of slip‐length and frequency is more effective on both the IP and OOP where at the low frequency they retarded with the increase of slip‐length and raised at the high frequency. Eventually, the precision of the numerical procedure has been examined versus distinguished solutions for two spheres with no‐slip surfaces.