bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a fully coupled diabatic spin–orbit model for the photodissociation of phenyl iodide
Authors: Weike Nicole , Chanut Emma , Hoppe Hannes , Eisfeld Wolfgang 
Published: May 2022

The theoretical treatment of the quantum dynamics of the phenyl iodide photodissociation requires an accurate analytical potential energy surface (PES) model. This model must also account for spin–orbit (SO) coupling. This study is the first step to construct accurate SO coupled PESs, namely, for the C–I dissociation coordinate. The model is based on the Effective Relativistic Coupling by Asymptotic Representation (ERCAR) method developed over the past ten years. The SO-free Hamiltonian is represented in an asymptotic diabatic basis and then combined with an atomic effective relativistic coupling operator determined analytically. In contrast to the previously studied cases (HI, CH3I), the diabatic basis states are due to excitations in the phenyl fragment rather than the iodine atom. An accurate analytical model of the ab initio reference data is determined in two steps. The first step is a simple reference model describing the data qualitatively. This reference model is corrected through a trained artificial neural-network to achieve high accuracy. The SO-free and the fine structure states resulting from this ERCAR model are discussed extensively in the context of the photodissociation.
Translation initiation site of mRNA is selected through dynamic interaction with the ribosome
Authors: Chen Yi-Lan , Wen Jin-Der 
Published: May 2022

Significance
Ribosomes translate the genetic codes of messenger RNA (mRNA) to make proteins. Translation must begin at the correct initiation site; otherwise, abnormal proteins will be produced. Here, we show that a short ribosome-specific sequence in the upstream followed by an unstructured downstream sequence is a favorable initiation site. Those mRNAs lacking either of these two characteristics do not associate tightly with the ribosome. Initiator transfer RNA (tRNA) and initiation factors facilitate the binding. However, when the downstream site forms structures, initiation factor 3 triggers the dissociation of the accommodated initiator tRNA and the subsequent disassembly of the ribosome–mRNA complex. Thus, initiation factors help the ribosome distinguish unfavorable structured sequences that may not act as the mRNA translation initiation site.
Bianchi I ‘asymptotically Kasner’ solutions of the Einstein scalar field equations
Authors: Ritchie J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this work we investigate the asymptotic behaviour of solutions to the Einstein equations with a minimally coupled scalar field. The primary focus of the present paper here establishing under what conditions a solution becomes ‘asymptotically Kasner’ sufficiently close to the initial singularity. To address this question we restrict our attention to Bianchi I space-times. By restricting our attention to a strictly monotonic scalar field we are able to provide necessary conditions on a potential so that the resulting solution is asymptotically Kasner. Moreover, we provide both explicit and numerical examples of asymptotically Kasner space-times.
Antiferromagnetic skyrmion based shape-configured leaky-integrate-fire neuron device
Authors: Bindal Namita , Raj Ravish Kumar , Kaushik Brajesh Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Spintronic devices based on antiferromagnetic (AFM) skyrmion motion on the nanotracks have gained significant interest as a key component of neuromorphic data processing systems. AFM skyrmions are favorable over the ferromagnetic (FM) skyrmions as they follow the straight trajectories and prevent its annihilation at the nanotrack edges. In this paper, the AFM skyrmion-based neuron device that exhibits the leaky-integrate-fire functionality is proposed for the first time. It exploits the current-driven skyrmion dynamics on the shape-configured nanotracks that are linearly decreasing and exponentially decaying. The device structure creates the regions from lower to higher energy states for the AFM skyrmions during its motion from the wider to narrower region. This causes the repulsion force from the nanotrack edges to act on the AFM skyrmion thereby, drifting it in the backward direction in order to minimize the system energy. This provides the leaking functionality to the neuron device without any external stimuli and additional hardware cost. The average velocities during the integration and leaky processes are in the order of 103 and 102 m s−1, respectively, for the linearly and exponentially tapered nanotracks. Moreover, the energy of the skyrmion is in the order 10−20 J. Hence, the suggested device opens up the path for the development of high-speed and energy-efficient devices in AFM spintronics for neuromorphic computing.
Flexoelectricity in periodically poled lithium niobate by PFM
Authors: Liang Xu , Yu Yiwen , Liu Ruijia , Liu Wenyuan , Shen Shengping 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) has become an indispensable tool for investigating the electromechanical coupling properties of materials at the nanoscale, from bulk ferroelectric/piezoelectric materials to thin films. However, it has been gradually accepted that PFM signals can originate from various sources, including the piezoelectric effect, electrostatic interaction, and flexoelectric effect. Herein, we utilized the contact resonance-enhanced modes of PFM and non-contact Kelvin probe force microscopy to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the electromechanical coupling properties of periodically poled lithium niobite. We used the dc bias feedback from the kelvin-probe force microscopy to compensate for the interaction from the electrostatic force between the surface potential, and we demonstrate that the amplitude of the PFM signal on adjacent domains is asymmetric owing to the flexoelectricity. Based on theoretical and experimental data, we estimated the flexoelectric coefficient of lithium niobate to be on the order of 10−8 C m−1. Because the flexoelectric effect is inversely proportional to the critical dimension of the materials, our results suggest that flexoelectricity may play an important role in electromechanical coupling in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) thin films. This work provides a new insight into the electromechanical coupling in PPLN; and might be helpful in designing lithium niobate-based integrated nanoelectromechanical devices, such as photonic and waveguide devices.
The role of the underlying event in the

Λc+

enhancement in high-energy pp collisions
Authors: Varga Zoltán , Vértesi Róbert 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We study the enhanced production of charmed baryons relative to charmed mesons in proton–proton collisions at LHC energies. Utilizing PYTHIA 8 simulations with enhanced color-reconnection we propose methods based on the comparative use of several event-activity classifiers to identify the source of the charmed-baryon enhancement. We conclude that in this enhanced color-reconnection scenario the excess

Λ

c

+

production is primarily linked to the underlying event activity and not to the production of high-momentum jets.
Dirac-cone-like electronic states on nematic antiferromagnetic FeSe and FeTe
Authors: Zhao L L , Li Y Z , Zhao X M , Dai T A , Li Y R , Meng L J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We investigate the Dirac-cone-like (DCL) topological electronic properties of nematic-like antiferromagnetic (AFM) states of monolayer FeSe and FeTe designed artificially through first-principles calculations and Wannier-function-based tight-binding (WFTB) method. Our calculations reveal most of them have a pair of DCL bands on the Γ–X line in the Brillouin zone (BZ) near the Fermi level and open a gap of about 20 meV in the absence and presence of spin–orbit coupling (SOC), respectively, similar to the lowest-energy pair-checkerboard AFM FeSe. We further confirm that they are weak topological insulators based on nonzero Z
2 and fragile surface states, which are calculated by the WFTB method. For FeSe and FeTe in pair-checkerboard AFM states, we find that the in-plane compression strain in a certain range can give rise to another pair of DCL bands located on the Γ–X′ line in the BZ. In addition, the magnetic moments, energies, and Fe–Se/Te distances for various nematic-like AFM configurations are presented. These calculations the combining effect of magnetism and topology in a single material and the understanding of the superconducting phenomena in iron-based FeSe and FeTe.
Optical and optoelectronic neuromorphic devices based on emerging memory technologies
Authors: Shen Jiabin , Cheng Zengguang , Zhou Peng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
As artificial intelligence continues its rapid development, inevitable challenges arise for the mainstream computing hardware to process voluminous data (Big data). The conventional computer system based on von Neumann architecture with separated processor unit and memory is approaching the limit of computational speed and energy efficiency. Thus, novel computing architectures such as in-memory computing and neuromorphic computing based on emerging memory technologies have been proposed. In recent years, light is incorporated into computational devices, beyond the data transmission in traditional optical communications, due to its innate superiority in speed, bandwidth, energy efficiency, etc. Thereinto, photo-assisted and photoelectrical synapses are developed for neuromorphic computing. Additionally, both the storage and readout processes can be implemented in optical domain in some emerging photonic devices to leverage unique properties of photonics. In this review, we introduce typical photonic neuromorphic devices rooted from emerging memory technologies together with corresponding operational mechanisms. In the end, the advantages and limitations of these devices originated from different modulation means are listed and discussed.
Controllable synthesis of BiPr composite oxide nanowires electrocatalyst for sensitive L-cysteine sensing properties
Authors: Huang Jianfeng , Tao Feihu , Li Feiyang , Cai Zhengyu , Zhang Yong , Fan Chuangang , Pei Lizhai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBiPr composite oxide nanowires with rhombodedral Bi1.35Pr0.65O3, monoclinic Bi2O3and monoclinic Pr5O9phases were synthesized via a facile sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) assisted hydrothermal route. The obtained nanowires were characterized by x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements. The BiPr composite oxide nanowires possess poly-crystalline structure, semi-circular tips, diameter and length of 20–100 nm and several micrometers, respectively. SDS is essential for the formation of the BiPr composite oxide nanowires which can be explained by a SDS assisted hydrothermal growth process. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows that the electrons are easier to transfer by the surface of the BiPr composite oxide nanowires modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) than bare GCE. The BiPr composite oxide nanowires modified GCE possesses good electro-catalytic activity for L-cysteine detection with a pair of quasi-reversible cyclic voltammetry peaks at +0.04 V and –0.72 V for the oxidation and reduction of L-cysteine, respectively. The roles of the scan rate, electrolyte species and L-cysteine concentration on the electrochemical responses of L-cysteine at the nanowires modified GCE were systematically analyzed. The BiPr composite oxide nanowires modified GCE presents a linear response range from 0.001 to 2 mM and detection limit of 0.27μM, good reproducibility and stability.
Pulsed neutron source from interaction of relativistic laser pulse with micro-structure assisted pitcher–catcher target
Authors: Deng H X , Sha R , Hu L X , Jiang X R , Zhao N , Zou D B , Yu T P , Shao F Q 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Neutron detection technology is a powerful method for characterizing fundamental and industrial materials, such as magnetic materials, nanomaterials, polymers, and biological substances. A compact pulsed neutron source is desired, as the traditional way of producing high-yield neutrons depends mainly on large-scale accelerators or fission reactors. Here, we propose a scheme to generate a high-yield pulsed neutron source by using a

>

100 fs relativistic laser pulse interacting with a micro-structure assisted pitcher–catcher target. Three-dimensional particle-in-cell and Monte Carlo hybrid simulations demonstrate that an energetic deuterium ion beam with a cutoff energy of 75 MeV and a 7.23

%

laser-to-deuterium energy conversion efficiency can be obtained with a laser pulse of intensity

1.37
×

10

20

W cm−2, duration 330 fs, power 34 TW and energy 6.7 J. When they strike the following lithium fluoride converter of thickness 2 cm, a large number of neutrons are thus produced via a 7Li(d,n) nuclear reaction. The neutron yield is up to 109 and its pulse duration is as short as 20 ps. This scheme could be realized in laboratories with current hundreds-of-terawatt or multi-petawatt laser facilities.
Experimental investigation of high velocity neutral flow interaction with a magnetized plasma
Authors: Kelly Charles L , Thoreau Peter , Little Justin M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Plasma aerocapture is an orbit insertion method that leverages a magnetic dipole plasma to generate drag by ionizing, capturing, and deflecting atmospheric flow. Key physical assumptions about energy and momentum exchange during aerocapture are tested here by a novel experiment that characterizes the interaction between a high velocity free molecular flow and a magnetized plasma. A neutral beam source accelerates ions from a helicon plasma to a conductive plate, neutralizes them, and reflects them as a collimated flow. A hollow cathode plasma with an applied axial magnetic field of 1 kg acts as the target for the flow. It is found that interaction with the flow causes an increase in both density and temperature of the target plasma by up to a factor of two. The voltage required to operate the hollow cathode at a fixed current is reduced by up to 5% while the neutral beam is operating, suggesting power deposition by the flow. A 0D power balance model is invoked to show that flow kinetic energy is absorbed by the plasma at a rate of up to 50% of the hollow cathode power. The absorbed power correlates linearly with an electron temperature increase of up to 100%, indicative of electron heating by flow kinetic energy transfer. Deflection of the flow by the plasma is not resolved due to extraneous forces on the measurement device and uncertainties in plasma properties. Using the results found here, it is shown that the experiment can feasibly scale to demonstrate significantly higher energy and momentum transfer as required for a plasma aerocapture proof-of-concept.
Bacterial active matter
Authors: Aranson Igor S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Bacteria are among the oldest and most abundant species on Earth. Bacteria successfully colonize diverse habitats and play a significant role in the oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen cycles. They also form human and animal microbiota and may become sources of pathogens and a cause of many infectious diseases. Suspensions of motile bacteria constitute one of the most studied examples of active matter: a broad class of non-equilibrium systems converting energy from the environment (e.g., chemical energy of the nutrient) into mechanical motion. Concentrated bacterial suspensions, often termed active fluids, exhibit complex collective behavior, such as large-scale turbulent-like motion (so-called bacterial turbulence) and swarming. The activity of bacteria also affects the effective viscosity and diffusivity of the suspension. This work reports on the progress in bacterial active matter from the physics viewpoint. It covers the key experimental results, provides a critical assessment of major theoretical approaches, and addresses the effects of visco-elasticity, liquid crystallinity, and external confinement on collective behavior in bacterial suspensions.
Towards high performance near infrared sensitive multilayer organic phototransistors: effects of the acceptor and its position
Authors: Tang Chenyu , Lu Chengyu , Dai Qingyong , Zhang Ningbo , Sun Lei , Xu Sunan , Peng Yingquan , Lv Wenli 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Due to its strong optical absorption in the near infrared (NIR) region, lead phthalocyanine (PbPc) is frequently used as the photoactive material in NIR sensitive organic phototransistors (OPTs). Limited by the low charge carrier mobility of NIR sensitive organic semiconductors, the active part of NIR OPTs adopts generally multilayer or multicomponent structure consisting of electron donor, electron acceptor and charge transporting molecules. Here, we investigate the effect of acceptor locations in the active structure on the performances of NIR phototransistors with PbPc as the photoactive electron donor. The performances of OPTs with C60 layer lying on the top of PbPc (Si/SiO2/pentacene/PbPc/C60/Au (source and drain electrode, S&D)), above PbPc and Au S&D (Si/SiO2/pentacene/PbPc/Au (S&D)/C60)), and in the form of bulk-heterojunction with PbPc (Si/SiO2/pentacene/PbPc:C60/Au (S&D)) were comparatively studied. The results show that the device with pentacene/PbPc:C60 exhibits the best performance among them. At an incident light intensity of 0.08 mW cm−2, a high photoresponsivity of 44.35 A W−1, and specific detectivity of 1.08 × 1012 Jones are achieved.
A multi-level damage classification technique of aircraft plate structures using Lamb wave-based deep transfer learning network
Authors: Shao Weihan , Sun Hu , Wang Yishou , Qing Xinlin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Lamb wave-based damage detection is one of the most promising structural health monitoring (SHM) technologies for aircraft structures. In this paper, a Lamb wave-based deep transfer learning network is developed for multi-level damage classification of plate-type structures. A one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) is employed to deeply mine the damage characteristics of complex Lamb wave signals with multiple modes and multiple boundary reflections. The concept of multi-level damage classification is carried out to get different results for different engineers, and a multi-task cascaded 1D-CNN architecture is established for three levels of damage classifications, which is corresponding to different SHM levels, i.e. identifying the damage presence, location, and severity, respectively. In the multi-task cascaded architecture, a fine-tune transfer learning concept is adopted to share partial structures and weight values among different classification models, which could greatly improve the efficiency of the model calculation. In the multi-level damage classification model, the one-dimensional Lamb wave scattering signals with different damage locations and sizes are used as the input without any preprocessing steps, while the classifications of the damage presence, location and size are designated as output of different levels. An experiment has been conducted to verify the proposed multi-level damage classification model. The experimental results show that the training time of this model is reduced by 35% and the accuracy of the proposed model is greater than 99%, which verifies the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed technique.
Entanglement in prepare-and-measure scenarios: many questions, a few answers
Authors: Pauwels Jef , Tavakoli Armin , Woodhead Erik , Pironio Stefano 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Entanglement and quantum communication are paradigmatic resources in quantum information science leading to correlations between systems that have no classical analogue. Correlations due to entanglement when communication is absent have for long been studied in Bell scenarios. Correlations due to quantum communication when entanglement is absent have been studied extensively in prepare-and-measure (PM) scenarios in the last decade. Here, we set out to understand and investigate correlations in scenarios that involve both entanglement and communication, focussing on entanglement-assisted (EA) PM scenarios. In a recent companion paper (arXiv:2103.10748), we investigated correlations based on unrestricted entanglement. Here, our focus is on scenarios with restricted entanglement. We establish several elementary relations between standard classical and quantum communication and their EA counterparts. In particular, while it was already known that bits or qubits assisted by two-qubit entanglement between the sender and receiver constitute a stronger resource than bare bits or qubits, we show that higher-dimensional entanglement further enhance the power of bits or qubits. We also provide a characterisation of generalised dense coding protocols, a natural subset of EA quantum communication protocols, finding that they can be understood as standard quantum communication protocols in real-valued Hilbert space. Though such dense coding protocols can convey up to two bits of information, we provide evidence, perhaps counter-intuitively, that resources with a small information capacity, such as a bare qutrits, can sometimes produce stronger correlations. Along the way we leave several conjectures and conclude with a list of interesting open problems.
On UV-completion of Palatini-Higgs inflation
Authors: Mikura Yusuke , Tada Yuichiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We investigate the UV-completion of the Higgs inflation in
the metric and the Palatini formalisms. It is known that the cutoff
scales for the perturbative unitarity of these inflation models
become much smaller than the Planck scale to be consistent with
observations. Expecting that the low cutoff scales originate in the
curvature of a field-space spanned by the Higgs fields, we consider
embedding the curved field-space into a higher dimensional flat
space and apply this procedure to the metric-Higgs and the
Palatini-Higgs scenarios. The new field introduced in this way
successfully flattens the field-space and UV-completes the Higgs
inflation in the metric formalism. However, in the Palatini
formalism, the new field cannot uplift the cutoff up to the Planck
scale. We also discuss the unavoidable low cutoff in the Palatini
formalism in the context of the local conformal symmetry.