bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twentieth Century Literature and Publishing Archives: UK Research Perspectives on Children’s Literature
Authors: Berry Charlotte 
Published: January 2022

British children’s literature during the 20th century has a robust pedigree and reputation, with many internationally acclaimed authors and texts included within its realm. However, publishing archives and children’s literature archives have a low profile and use in the UK in both curatorial and research terms, resulting in huge untapped potential for researchers. Little has been published about modern publishing and children’s literature archives, and this paper seeks to begin to address this gap within the current academic discourse.
This article is intended to constitute a starting point for those wishing to engage in study in this particular area of research by providing a contextual and historical background to the provenance and accessibility of 20th century literary and publishing archives in the UK. This paper is based on current PhD research into the translation of Nordic children’s literature in the UK, combining academic interests in children’s literature and publishing history with professional expertise in the curation of literary and business archive collections.
Give, give; be always giving’: Children, Charity and China, 1890-1939
Authors: Chen Shih-Wen Sue 
Published: January 2022

In lieu of an abstract, the first paragraph is included here:
Before he reveals the answer to the riddle, nine-year-old Matty Bryan asks his father for a penny and his mother and grandmother for a halfpenny each. He then takes out his new missionary-box, explaining that the money is for ‘black people, to buy them Bibles, and to send them preachers to tell them about God, and how they’re to get to heaven; and Mr. Graham [his teacher] said that it was the same as giving them the Bread of life’ ( Elliott 1872, p. 17). This scene from Emily Elliott’s novella Matty’s Hungry Missionary-Box and the Message It Brought (1872) is an example of the creative ways children in nineteenth-century Britain were depicted as engaging in charity. Although not everyone agreed with the value of foreign missions, by the mid-nineteenth century, missionary societies such as the London Missionary Society (LMS, established 1795) and the Church Missionary Society (CMS, established 1799) had placed missionary boxes like Matty’s in many homes, and children were taught to donate regularly (Cox 2008, p. 97). According to historian Frank Prochaska ‘[n]owhere in the charitable world did the young play a more important part than in the evangelical missionary movement’ (1978, p. 103). While it is impossible to provide exact figures for the amount of money Victorian children raised for missionary societies, it was a significant amount . The funds raised supported missionary ships, paid for specific cots in hospitals, and sponsored ‘native teacher[s]’ (Prochaska 1978, p. 107; Thorne 1999, p. 126; Elleray 2011, pp. 229-230). In the early twentieth century, children were told that for one penny a week, they could help support the LMS’s eighty-three missionaries in China who were involved in the work of ‘leper asylums, training homes, orphanages and schools for both boys and girls’ (J.M.B. [c 1900], p. 15).
Evaluating Stimulation Effectiveness with Permanent Optical Fiber and Sealed Wellbore Pressure Monitoring: Bakken Case Study
Authors: Cipolla Craig , McKimmy Michael , Hari-Roy Stephanie , Wolters Jennifer , Haffener Jackson , Haustveit Kyle , Almasoodi Mouin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In 2019 the operator embarked on a data acquisition project in the Bakken, with the goal of mapping far-field drainage and characterizing completion performance. The project consisted of a six-well pad (10,000 ft laterals) with a dedicated observation lateral located in the Three Forks (TF) formation instrumented with cemented pressure gauges and external optical fiber along the 10,000 ft lateral. The observation lateral was offset by Middle Bakken (MB) wells ~450 ft on either side (~900 ft MB-MB well spacing). One of the offset MB wells was instrumented with external optical fiber for cluster-level completion measurements and "frac hit" detection.
Characterizing hydraulic fracture geometry is critical to improving completion designs and optimizing well spacing. Until recently, microseismic has been the primary diagnostic for estimating "bulk" or stage-level fracture geometry and parent-child interactions for modern multi-cluster plug-and-perf completions. However, microseismic cannot provide details on individual fractures or cluster-level measurements. With the continued advances in fiber optic technologies, we can now measure cluster level fracture behavior at the wellbore and in the far-field. Characterizing the relationship between wellbore and far-field fracture geometry, referred to as fracture morphology, is important when simultaneously optimizing completion design and well spacing. Microseismic and fiber optics are very robust, but expensive, technologies and this limits the frequency of their application. Recently developed low-cost pressure-based technologies enable high-volume data acquisition but may not provide the same level of detail compared to microseismic and fiber optic measurements.
This paper presents a case history that details the application of permanent fiber optics and Sealed Wellbore Pressure Monitoring (SWPM) to characterize fracture geometry and morphology using Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) for near-wellbore (NWB) measurements along with SWPM and cross-well strain for far-field investigation.
This is the first example of both NWB, and far-field optical fiber measurements being used to evaluate cluster efficiency in conjunction with SWPM. The SWPM results compared favorably to the fiber measurements; stages with more uniform distribution based on the NWB DAS data also had higher Volume to First Responses (VFRs) measured using cross-well strain and SWPM.
Estimating Fracture Containment in Layered Formations Using 3D Fracture Growth Assumptions
Authors: Pandey Vibhas J. , Vamegh Rasouli 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fracture growth in layered formations where the stresses and rock mechanical properties change frequently with depth is of great interest to researchers, especially when estimating the vertical growth of fractures in hydraulic fracturing treatments. The influence of formation stresses on fracture growth has been well documented and supported by numerous case histories, but the height-growth limitations resulting from intersection and crossing of various interfaces by the fracture continues to be investigated. This paper describes a model and a method to predict potential locations where a horizontal fracture can develop and limit the vertical growth of the fracture.
Most height growth predictions using traditional pseudo-3D (P3D) models result in planar fractures of widths that vary depending on the stresses and mechanical property of the layers that the fracture crosses. As evinced from the literature and laboratory experiments, the propagating cracks may have a three-dimensional (3D) characteristic given the observed combination of deviation (kinking) and out-of-plane displacements that can hinder the vertical growth. Multiple flaws leading to a 3D crack can be approximated as a two-dimensional (2D) model by considering it as a mixed boundary value triple pressurized-crack problem. In this paper, such representations are first used to obtain discrete stress intensity factors (SIF) at specific locations, and then, are superimposed on routine SIFs to include the influence of real-world 3D cracks on vertical growth estimation.
Fracture width profiles across several layers were generated using a modified equilibrium height growth model and were key to identifying the regions where complex growth in layered formations could potentially exist. These predictions resemble the analog for 3D fractures and given the fact that a portion of the treatment was injected at pressures that exceeded the overburden, alludes to the presence of a horizontal fracture component. Micro-seismic survey from the treatment shows vertical growth containment at the location where minimal width is projected. Three cases histories where these observations were made are also presented in the paper along with pertinent theory and explanations.
The model developed in the study is helpful in predicting potential locations where a horizontal fracture can develop and limit the vertical growth or even curtail the extension of the main fracture. The method developed in the study requires discrete layered formation and fluid properties such as stresses, rock moduli, SIFs, leakoff, and fracturing fluid rheology, as the only inputs, and hence can be applied to a variety of examples worldwide.
Lessons Learned from the Large-Scale CO2 Stimulation of 11 Unconventional Wells in the Williston Basin: A Practical Review of Operations, Logistics, Production Uplift, and CO2 Storage
Authors: Ribeiro Lionel , Thoma Ashley , Bryant Jason , Sundararajan Desikan , Zurovec Wesley 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The paper introduces the results of the first CO2 fracturing campaign conducted in the Williston Basin. From 2015 to 2019, 11 horizontal multi-stage wells were safely stimulated using a CO2-hybrid design to improve production and store CO2 underground. The fracturing design consisted of the injection of a super-critical CO2 pre-pad (with a target injected volume of 5,000 tons per well) followed by a traditional slickwater or hybrid proppant slurry. The CO2 was captured from point-source plants that would have released the CO2 to the atmosphere otherwise.
The performance of the CO2 fracturing design is compared to the performance of nearby hybrid and slickwater designs. The paper provides a range of potential production uplift for both 12-month production and EUR. The paper also provides the range of CO2 concentrations produced back to the surface and an estimate of CO2 storage potential based on extensive compositional monitoring.
The paper shares practical guidelines and recommendations to facilitate the understanding and logistics of CO2 operations during injection and production. The field study highlights critical considerations related to fracturing design, logistics, operational handling of CO2, reservoir uplift, and permanent CO2 storage potential. The analysis provides new insight to the storage potential for CO2 fracturing, EOR, and/or carbon capture and storage (CCS) applications in the Williston Basin, and by extension to other ultra-tight formations.
Spatial and Temporal Effects on Low Frequency DAS and Microseismic Implications on Hydraulic Fracture Geometry and Well Interactions
Authors: Ugueto Gustavo A. , Haffener Jackson , Mondal Somnath , Satviski Alexei A. , Huckabee Paul T. , Haustveit Kyle 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Monitoring the geometry of hydraulically induced fractures using a variety of frac diagnostic tools is a relatively expensive but necessary step to achieve successful development of unconventional reservoirs. Valuable insights about the hydraulic fracturing process can be determined and cross-validated using an assortment of diagnostic tools. In recent years, the monitoring of pressure, temperature, and strain interactions between wells during stimulation has been providing new and detailed information about the geometry of hydraulic fractures not available before. Low Frequency Distributed Acoustic Sensing (LF-DAS) and Distributed Strain Sensing (DSS) can be used to determine the timing and location of approaching, intercepting and re-opening hydraulically induced fractures in nearby wells instrumented with Fiber Optics (FO). In the Hydraulic Fracture Test Site 2 (HFTS2) the integration of these technologies with traditional fracture geometry diagnostic tools such as Microseismic (MS) are revealing unique information about fracture geometry and the propagation tendencies of fractures generated while stimulating the Wolfcamp in the Permian Delaware Basin. In HFTS2, hydraulic fractures are sub-vertical, occurring in swarms and forming well-defined and separate Frac-Zone-Domains (FZDs). In HFTS2, both the number of microseismic events and strain interactions increase as stimulation progresses within the pad. The observed spatial and temporal dependencies in the MS and LF-DAS datasets strongly suggest there is a lot of re-opening and re-fracturing of pre-existing fractures, not only of the FZDs from the "parent/primary" wells but also from pre-existing fractures of the FZDs from offset "child/infill" wells that are part of the same stimulation vintage. These newly observed spatial and temporal effects must be considered when using MS, LF-DAS, and other fracture driven interaction (FDI) techniques to determine fracture growth velocities and when interpreting frac diagnostics results to calibrate fracture models. The data suggest that fracture growth is impacted by the location of pre-existing hydraulic fractures and their stress state. The findings in HFTS2 highlight the risk not only of misinterpreting microseismic derived Stimulated Rock Volume (SRV) but also, and more importantly the development of possible new completion practices and wells stimulation sequencing. The information from HFTS2 has helped to understand not only the fracture geometry on this Permian Wolfcamp site but also the uses and limitations of different fracture diagnostic tools.
Practical Design Considerations for Perforation and Stimulation Strategy Based on Two Permanent Fiber Optics Tests in the Williston Basin
Authors: Ribeiro Lionel , Zurovec Wesley 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper introduces the results and interpretation of two permanent fiber optic (FO) installations deployed on two plug-and-perf wells in the Williston Basin. The paper covers a wide range of completion parameters that were tested and later implemented at scale as part of the field development strategy.
Recent publications from multiple operators have demonstrated the success of aggressive limited entry strategies to reverse the decade-long trend of reducing stage length (to accommodate higher cluster counts and stimulate more entry points) in favor of extended stage lengths with higher cluster counts per stage. The paper provides additional field data supporting this trend with an emphasize on key design parameters that enable an increase in stimulated surface area while decreasing costs. We also share practical guidelines and field recommendations to mitigate risks during FO deployment.
Finally, we demonstrate the value of the integrated application of field trials, fracture diagnostics, and well performance analysis to improve the stimulation design and capture additional value. The FO results enabled us to increase clusters per stage without diminishing cluster efficiency and allowed us to understand the dynamic of perforation screen-out and how variations in proppant schedules can impact cluster efficiency.
Driving Completion Execution Improvements Through Detailed Analysis of Acoustic Imaging and Stimulation Data
Authors: Watson Mark , Schinnour Mitch , Cramer David D. , White Matt 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study documents an ongoing analysis of frac plug integrity and inter-cluster treatment distribution using multiple datasets. It includes post-treatment acoustic imaging data from three Montney pads, in which the dimensions of 3538 perforations and casing wear patterns at 150 frac plug setting locations were determined. The analysis process features an iterative approach to improving execution performance during field appraisal – execute the design, measure performance, identify failures, and then implement an improved design. This approach identified execution performance issues that would have otherwise been undetected and provided insights that were used to inform manufacturers of necessary design improvements.
The fiber optic and acoustic imaging programs for Pad 1 indicated loss of frac plug isolation in 70% of stages. Acoustic imaging data gathered from Pad 2 indicated loss of frac plug isolation in 57.5% of stages. Additionally, the measured diameters of eroded perforations were smaller than the expected unstimulated diameter in 48% of measurements. This finding revealed a discrepancy in the perforation-charge manufacturer's published performance information which led to unintended treatment behavior.
Building on Pad 2 results, multiple vendors were engaged to provide engineered solutions to the issues identified through acoustic imaging campaigns for potential implementation on future wells. The findings from this exercise confirmed the underperformance of dissolvable frac plug technology and the importance of verifying perforation performance by conducting surface tests that are representative of field conditions. The outcome led to modified perforation charges and dissolvable frac plugs for trial on Pad 3.
Outputs from the analysis performed on Pad 3 revealed improved performance, with confinement issues identified in only 28% of the total stages. Initial unstimulated perforation diameters were within 3.59% of the pre-job surface validation tests. Improvements contributed to better treatment conformance relative to Pad 1 and Pad 2.
Environmental Technology Effect of Two-way FDI Interactive Development in China
Authors: Gong Mengqi , You Zhe , Cheng Jinhua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper examines the impact of the interactive development of inward foreign direct investment and outward foreign direct investment (two-way FDI) on regional environmental technology by using data from 30 provinces and cities in China from 2004 to 2017. To overcome the possible endogeneity problem of the model, the system generalized moment estimation method (system GMM) is used to estimate the model. The results show the following: First, two-way FDI could inhibit the progress of regional environmental technology. Second, the results of the regional heterogeneity test show that the development of two-way FDI interaction promotes the environmental technology in the eastern region, but inhibits the environmental technology in the central and western regions of China. Third, the heterogeneity test results of two-way FDI interactive development degree show that the two-way FDI interactive development in China promotes environmental technology in high-interactive areas, but inhibits environmental technology in low-interactive areas. Finally, the results of the phased heterogeneity test show that as China's two-way FDI interactive development gradually increases, its inhibitory effect on regional environmental technology gradually declines. Therefore, it is believed that in the future, China should further strengthen inward foreign direct investment and outward foreign direct investment, realize the benign interaction of two-way FDI, and finally promote the progress of regional environmental technology.
External validation of the Hospital Frailty Risk Score among older adults receiving mechanical ventilation
Authors: Sy Eric , Kassir Sandy , Mailman Jonathan F , Sy Sarah Lauren 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose:To externally validate the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) to predict clinical outcomes in critically ill patients.Methods:We selected index hospitalizations of older adults (≥75 years old) receiving mechanical ventilation, using the United States Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) from January 1, 2016, to November 30, 2018. Frailty risk was determined by the HFRS using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes, and further subcategorized into low-risk (score <5), intermediate-risk (score 5-15), and high-risk (score >15) for frailty. We evaluated the HFRS to predict prolonged hospitalization, in-hospital mortality, and 30-day emergency hospital readmissions, using multivariable logistic regression, after adjustment for patient and hospital characteristics. Model performance was assessed using the c-statistic, Brier score, and calibration plots.Results:Among the 649,330 weighted index hospitalizations in the cohort, 50.0% were female, the median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 81 (78-86) years old, and the median (IQR) HFRS was 10.8 (7.7-14.5). Among the cohort, 9.5%, 68.3%, and 22.2% were subcategorized as low-, intermediate-, and high-risk for frailty, respectively. After adjustment, high-risk patient hospitalizations were associated with increased risks of prolonged hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.59 [95% confidence interval [CI] 5.24-5.97], c-statistic 0.694, Brier score 0.216) and 30-day emergency hospital readmissions (aOR 1.20 [95% CI 1.13-1.27], c-statistic 0.595, Brier score 0.162), compared to low-risk hospitalizations. Conversely, high-risk hospitalizations were inversely associated with in-hospital mortality (aOR 0.46 [95% CI 0.45-0.48], c-statistic 0.712, Brier score 0.214). Calibration plots demonstrated good calibration for the adjusted analyses.Conclusions:In this external validation study of critically ill older adults receiving mechanical ventilation, the HFRS was not successfully validated to predict in-hospital mortality in the NRD. While the HFRS may predict prolonged hospitalization and 30-day readmission, further research is necessary to develop accurate, intuitive, easy to use frailty scores for the critically ill.
Characteristics of oral mucosal lesions and their association with socioeconomic status and systemic health in a remote rural area in China: a cross-sectional study of 146 cases
Authors: Yao Hui , Zhang Qiongyue , Song Qianqian , Liu Mingshan , Tang Guoyao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Epidemiological data of oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) are required to develop practical oral care policies. However, limited data are available for rural areas in China. We aimed to estimate the spectrum and prevalence of OMLs and to identify their associated socioeconomic status (SES) and systemic health in a remote rural area in Yunnan, China.
Methods
We screened patients for OMLs in an oral medicine clinic in rural Yuannan, China, from August 2020 to February 2021. OMLs were documented. SES, including the highest education level achieved and the previous month’s household income, as well as the patient’s systemic health, including a history of smoking, alcohol use, and chronic disease, were obtained from the Medical History/Health Questionnaire Form and patient medical records.
Results
A total of 146 patients were found to have OMLs. The most frequent OML was aphthous ulcer (n = 41, 28.1%), followed by burning mouth syndrome (BMS) (n = 16, 11.0%), viral ulcer (n = 14, 9.6%), and oral lichen planus (OLP) (n = 9, 6.2%). In these patients, the most common chronic diseases were sleep apnea (n = 35, 24.0%), hypertension (n = 23, 15.8%), bronchitis (n = 16, 11.0%), reflux (including gastroesophageal reflux disease) (n = 12, 8.2%), and arthritis (n = 11, 7.5%). On adjusted regression, the patients without chronic diseases had a lower risk of BMS than those with chronic diseases (odds ratio [OR], 0.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03–0.9). Age was an independent protective factor for viral ulcers (OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.9–1.0). Patients with low-income levels had a lower risk of OLP than those with high-income levels (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.05–0.9).
Conclusions
In rural Yunnan in China, the most frequent OML was aphthous ulcer, which was followed by BMS, viral ulcer, and OLP. Chronic diseases were associated with BMS. Age was an independent protective factor for oral viral ulcers. A high-income level was associated with the presence of OLP. Oral care policies should be prioritized among patients with aphthous ulcer. Preventive strategy of BMS should be targeted to people with chronic disease for health equalities.