bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment outcomes of tuberculosis patients in a Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) Referral Centre in Delta State, Nigeria: a five-year review (2012 - 2016)
Authors: Simeon Awunor Nyemike , Osi Alenoghena Innocent , Akpodiete Alexander 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The objective of this study is to observe the trend in treatment outcomes and identify determinants of treatment success among patients recruited into care through the DOTS strategy.
Methodology: A retrospective record review of tuberculosis patients (2012-2016) was carried out at the Tuberculosis and Leprosy Referral Centre, Eku, Delta State, Nigeria.
Results: Records of four hundred and twenty five (425) tuberculosis patients under DOTS were reviewed over five years. The highest number of cases under treatment, 102 (24.0%), was recorded in 2013. The mean age (SD) of patients was 37.3 (±16.5) years, majority of the patients were male (62.4%) and 18% had TB/HIV co-infection. Treatment outcomes of patients were cured (53.4%), completed (27.8%), died (6.8%), failed (2.4%), lost to follow up (4.9%), transferred out (1.2%) and not evaluated (3.5%). Over all, treatment success rate was 81.2% with a trend of 88.7% (2012), 87.3% (2013), 85.9% (2014), 65.0% (2015) and 65.8% (2016) respectively. Patient characteristics were not associated with treatment success.Conclusion: The treatment success rate was high and in line with the national recommendation of 80% and above. The trend showed a reduction in number of new cases enrolled into the DOTS programme, reduction in success rate with a concomitant increase in loss to follow up. There was no association between patient characteristics and TB treatment success. System strengthening on patient follow up, community health education and treatment adherence is recommended.
Keywords: Tuberculosis; DOTS; Treatment Outcome; TB/HIV Co-infection; Delta State.
Socio-economic status as predictors of malaria transmission in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A retrospective study
Authors: Ebhuoma Osadolor , Gebreslasie Michael , Ebenezer Ogunsakin Ropo 
Published: August 2022

Background: Understanding the socioeconomic status that influences malaria transmission in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa is vital in creating policies and strategies to combat malaria transmission, improve socioeconomic conditions and strengthen the malaria elimination campaign.
Objectives: To determine the relationship between socioeconomic status and malaria incidence in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Methods: Socioeconomic information (gender, age, no formal education, no electricity, no toilet facilities, unemployment) and malaria data for 2011 were obtained from Statistics South Africa and the malaria control program of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa respectively. The analysis was conducted employing the Bayesian multiple regression model.
Results: The obtained posterior samples show that all the variables employed in this study were significant and positive predictors of malaria disease at 95% credible interval. The low socioeconomic status that exhibited the strongest association with malaria risk was lack of toilet facilities (odd ratio =12.39; 95% credible interval = 0.61, 24.36). This was followed by no formal education (odd ratio =11.11; 95% credible interval = 0.51, 24.10) and lack of electricity supply (odd ratio =8.94; 95% credible interval = 0.31, 23.21) respectively.
Conclusions: Low socioeconomic status potentially sustains malaria transmission and burden. As an implication, poverty alleviation and malaria intervention resources should be incorporated side by side into the socioeconomic framework to attain zero malaria transmission.
Keywords: Malaria; socialeconomic status; Bayesian modelling; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa.
Management peculiarities of costovertebral hydatidosis
Authors: Zairi Sarra , Touil Amany , Mestiri Taher , Hadhri Khaled , Mestiri Mondher , Marghli Adel 
Published: August 2022

Background: Costovertebral hydatidosis is a rarely reported clinical and radiological entity, estimated at less than 1% of thoracic hydatid locations. Its management is still not codified.
Objective: The aim of our study was to specify the management peculiarities of costovertebral hydatidosis.
Methods: Between January 2000 and December 2018, 14 patients were managed for costovertebral hydatidosis in a thoracic surgery department.
Results: The mean age of our patients was 48 years. The history of a prior hydatid disease was found in 7 patients. Imaging features were suggestive in 13 cases. They showed: involvement of the spinal canal (6 cases), of the soft tissues (5 cases) and spinal cord compression (3 cases). Costovertebral resection of the hydatid lesions was complete in 12 cases. Four patients presented postoperative complications.
Conclusion: Costovertebral hydatid involvement, may threaten the functional and vital prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis and management are mandatory, before the occurrence of irreversible neurological impairment. Surgical resection remains the treatment of choice and must be complete whenever possible. Relapse is frequent, hence the importance of a regular follow-up.
Keywords: Costovertebral region; spinal cord compression; echinococcosis.
The effects of Juglone-Selenium combination on invasion and metastasis in pancreatic cancer cell lines
Authors: Arikoglu Hilal , Dursunoglu Duygu , Erkoc Kaya Dudu , Avci Ebru 
Published: August 2022

Background: Pancreatic cancer does not show any symptoms in the early period and metastatic process is already passed when the diagnosis is done. Therefore, in the battle with pancreatic cancer, novel treatment strategies, particularly antiinvasive and antimetastatic strategies, are needed. The cytotoxic and anticancer effects of juglone and sodium selenite (NaSe) have been showed in various cancer cells.
Objectives: In this study, it is aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of juglone and selenium on PANC-1 and BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells.
Methods: Antimetastatic effects of juglone-NaSe were carried out by adhesion and invasion assays and the genes and protein expressions. Expression analysis of the CDH1, ITGB3 and COL4A3 genes and their proteins E-cadherin, β3 integrin and tumstatin which play role in metastasis and angiogenesis processes, were done by qPCR and immunohistochemical analysis, respectively.
Results: Study findings have provided evidences that the juglone-selenium has a cytotoxic and dose dependent suppressive effect on invasion and metastasis in PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells.
Conclusion: The juglone-NaSe has the potential to be a promising agent especially to inhibit invasion and metastasis in pancreatic cancer treatment. However, more in depth studies are needed to more clearly demonstrate the effects of juglone-selenium.
Keywords: Pancreatic cancer cell lines; juglone-selenium; invasion; metastasis.
Characteristics, risk factors and outcomes of community-acquired acute kidney injury in the elderly: a prospective tertiary hospital study, Egypt
Authors: Samir Shemiesa Rasha , Abdelsalama Mostafa , Salah Elnagara Sherouk , Hussein Mohameda Ashraf , Sayed-Ahmeda Nagy , Tawfika Mona 
Published: August 2022

Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a public health problem. Elderly present a greater predisposition to the development of AKI, either due to kidney senility, or due to high prevalence of comorbidities and polypharmacy. Considering the scarcity of studies on AKI in the elderly particularly in developing countries, this study emphasizes on the pattern and outcome of AKI in the Egyptian elderly.
Objective: To analyze the demographics, risk factors and outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in the Egyptian elderly.
Methods: A total of 199 patients were included over one year and were divided into two groups; group I (79 elderly patients) and group II (120 non-elderly patients). The two groups were compared regarding demographics, risk factors and major outcomes including patient and renal survival.
Results: Elderly patients showed a higher prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and chronic kidney disease (p=0.004 and 0.005 respectively). Pre-renal causes of AKI principally dehydration represented the major risk factor (p=0.003). Sepsis and hypertension predicted mortality in the elderly (p=0.001 and 0.035 respectively).
Conclusion: In our locality; the elderly is highly vulnerable to AKI. Pre-renal causes principally dehydration represent the main triggers of AKI. Sepsis and hypertension contribute to mortality in this population. Preventive strategies are crucial not only in the hospital but also at home.
Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease; Community Acquired Acute Kidney Injury; Dehydration; Elderly; Hypertension.
Foreign bodies in the aerodigestive tract: time for comprehensive preventive measures
Authors: Oladapo Adeoye Peter , Abdulrahman Afolabi Olushola , Kayodele Omokanye Habeeb , Olaoye Ifedolapo , Rukeme Akanbi Oluwaseun , Segun-Busari Segun , Abidemi Morohunfade Adesiyun Olusola , Adebayo Ige Olufemi , Olasunkanmi Akiode Abdulrazaq , Aderinola Wuraola Ololade , Baba Abdulkadir Mohammed , Olayinka Oni Joshua 
Published: August 2022

Background: Foreign body (FB) in the aerodigestive tract presents more commonly in children and remains a surgical emergency with potential for fatal complications.
Objectives: To describe management and outcomes of aerodigestive FB managed at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) and proffer preventive measures.
Methods: A 9-year retrospective review of all patients with foreign body in the aerodigestive tract managed between March 2011 and July 2020.
Results: Sixty-six patients were studied. Median age was 9years with M:F ratio =1.6:1. FB was ingested in 38(57.6%) patients, aspiration occurred in 28(42.4%). Denture was most common FB 20(30.3%); plastic whistle/valve placed in dolls or football accounted for 4(6.1%). When ingested, FB was impacted in cervical 17(44.7%), upper thoracic 10(26.3%) and middle thoracic 2(5.3%) oesophagus. Oesophagoscopy was used in 30(8.9%) for retrieval. When aspirated, FB was located in the right bronchus 10(35.7%), left bronchus 7(25.0%), hypopharynx and trachea 2(7.1%) each, and cricopharynx 1(3.5%); no FB was found in 3(10.7%) patients. Direct Laryngoscopy was the method of retrieval in 3(10.1%) patients while others had rigid bronchoscopy. Mortality rate was 1.5%.
Conclusion: Children are most vulnerable group. Preventive effort should include public health education and close monitoring of children by parents and care givers during play.
Keywords: Foreign body; Aspiration; Ingestion; Aerodigestive tract; Impaction.
Menstrual hygiene management practices and menstrual distress among adolescent secondary school girls: a questionnaire-based study in Nigeria
Authors: O Nwimo Ignatius , A Elom Nwamaka , I Ilo Cajetan , A Ezugwu Uchechukwu , E Ezugwu Lazarus , J Nkwoka Ifeanyi , P Igweagu Chukwuma , G Okeworo Chukwuma 
Published: August 2022

Background: Menstruation is a common and normal experience during the reproductive age of adolescent females and if not well managed might expose the female to menstrual distress.
Aim & Objectives: To determine the menstrual hygiene management practices and menstrual distress among adolescent secondary school girls.
Methods & Materials: Six hundred participants randomly drawn participated in the study. A structured questionnaire which had two inventories was used to collect data. The first inventory was a self-developed Menstrual Hygiene Management Practices Questionnaire (MHMPQ) (r = 0.71) and the second one was a modified 11-item Menstrual Distress Scale (MDS) (r = 0.74). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: Results showed that menstrual hygiene management practices of the girls were poor and they were very highly distressed. Statistically significant differences were observed in menstrual hygiene management practices among the girls with regard to age, location of residence and occupation of mother and on menstrual distress in relation to occupation of father (p < 0.05). Significant positive relationship between menstrual hygiene management practices and menstrual distress was observed.
Conclusion: The findings accentuate the need for a caring atmosphere for menstrual sanitation both at home and in school.
Keywords: Menstrual hygiene; management practices; menstrual distress; adolescent secondary school girls.
Erectile dysfunction in hypertensive males in Kenya: a tertiary referral hospital experience
Authors: C Correia Malcolm , N Ogola Elijah , K Kayima Joshua , D Joshi Mark , M Silverstein David , K Kabinga Samuel 
Published: August 2022

Objective: To determine the burden of ED among adult hypertensive men attending ambulatory clinic at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study on patients on antihypertensive medications, followed for ≥ one month. The tools used were five-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) for ED and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test for alcohol use.
Results: Among 385 patients, the mean age was 56.2 ±11.3 years, median follow up in medical clinic was 5 years. The mean body mass index was 26.3 ± 4.6 kg/m2, 209(54.3%) were pre-obese/obese. Current smokers were 76(19.7%) while 133(34.5%) were former smokers. Alcohol use in the past year was reported by 256(68.5%), while hazardous alcohol intake was in 54(14%). Prescribed antihypertensives in various combinations included angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers to 292(75.8%), calcium channel blockers to 238(61.8%), beta blockerso 129(33.5%) and thiazide diuretics on 77(20%).Using IIEF-5 tool, the prevalence of ED was 364(94.5%) (95%CI 92.2-96.6) distributed as mild in 255(70%), moderate 76(21.9%) and 33(9.1%) severe.
Conclusion: The burden of ED is high among hypertensive males. Precipitants of ED like cigarette smoking and alcohol use and use of antihypertensives which can cause ED are prevalent too.
Keywords: Erectile dysfunction; hypertensive males; Kenya.
Prevalence and factors associated with intergenerational sexual partnerships among undergraduate health science students in Eswatini
Authors: Mamba Faith , Colani Shongwe Mduduzi 
Published: August 2022

Background: Intergenerational sexual partnerships (IGSPs) put young people at an increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV and AIDS. However, their burden and predictors remain poorly understood.
Objective: To describe the prevalence and factors associated with IGSPs among undergraduate health science students at a selected tertiary institution in Eswatini (formerly Swaziland).
Methods: Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey of 148 conveniently sampled undergraduate health science students at the University of Eswatini. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of IGSPs (i.e. a 10-year or greater age disparity between heterosexual partners).
Results: There was equal participation of males and females in this study (50%, n=74). The prevalence of IGSPs among the sample was 31.8% (n=47). Females (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.03-0.24) and those who received money from sexual partners (AOR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01-0.62) had lower odds of being in IGSPs.
Conclusion: Being female and being a recipient of money from a sexual partner were negatively associated with IGSPs. The relatively high prevalene of IGSPs calls for health education campaigns targeting university students on the negative consequences associated with IGSPs, especially among young women.
Keywords: Age-mixing; cross-generational sexual partnerships; intergenerational sexual partnerships; tertiary students; Eswatini.
Prevalence and factors associated with teenage pregnancy among parturients in Mbale Regional Referral Hospital: a cross sectional study
Authors: Chemutai Violet , W Musaba Milton , Amongin Dinah , N Wandabwa Julius 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: In Uganda, 12% of the audited maternal deaths occur among teenagers. The prevalence and factors associated with teenage pregnancy in health facilities is not well documented. We determined the prevalence and factors associated with teenage pregnancy in Mbale Regional Referral Hospital.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study between July and September 2019.We consecutively enrolled and collected information from 427 respondents. Associated factors were determined using logistic regression, a P-value < 0.05.
Results: The prevalence of teenage pregnancy was 20.6% [95% CI : (17.0% - 24.7%)]. Rural residence [(AOR: 2.8 (1.08 – 7.09)], primary level of education [(AOR: 9.57 (3.48 – 26.3)], unhappy feelings about the current pregnancy [(AOR: 3.57(1.05 – 12.15)], primiparity [(AOR: 21.05 (7.36 – 60.15)] increased the likelihood of teenage pregnancy. While, history of ever use of contraceptives [(AOR: 0.32 (0.12 – 0.84)], age at coitarche [(AOR: 0.68 (0.54 – 0.85)], grand multiparity [(AOR: 0.06 (0.01 – 0.51)], and exposure to sex education at home [(AOR: 0.37 (0.15 – 0.89)] decreased its likelihood.
Conclusion: The prevalence of teenage pregnancy was high. It was associated with being resident in rural area, low level of education and ever use of contraception. Promotion of reproductive health education may prevent teenage pregnancy.
Keywords: Teenage pregnancy; associated factors; Eastern Uganda.
Determinants of adolescent childbearing in Ethiopia, analysis of 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey: a case-control study
Authors: Zinie Abita Mengie , Desalegn Girma Mamo , Alemnew Wale Tegegne 
Published: August 2022

Background: Pregnancy and birth complications experienced by adolescents are also problems of older women. But it is severe among the young due to physical immaturity and social condemnation from basic reproductive health services. The study was aimed to analyze determinants of adolescent childbearing in Ethiopia using the Ethiopian demographic and health survey.
Method: The data source for this study was the 2016 demographic and health survey. Records of 359 cases and 1436 randomly selected controls (1:4 ratio) were included in the analysis. Adolescent childbearing was the main outcome variable and the independent variables were sociodemographic and sexual & reproductive factors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with adolescent childbearing.
Result: The mean age of girls at first cohabitation was 15.28 ±1.64 and the mean age of first birth was 16.47±1.35. Adolescent childbearing was found to be higher in the Afar region (34.8%), and the lowest was in Addis Ababa city (4.1%). Finding from the multivariable analysis showed that place of residence, survey time age, and age at first sexual intercourse were the factors that have an association with adolescent childbearing. The odd of childbearing was higher among rural residents (AOR = 1.74; 95 % CI: 1.12, 2.72), early (<18 years) initiation of sexual intercourse (AOR =12.5; 95% CI: 5.97,25.18) and the risk is also higher among older teenagers (AOR =7.92; CI:3.92,15.90).
Conclusion: Place of residents, age, and timing of first sexual intercourse was found to be the influencing factors of adolescent childbearing. Our finding indicates that the place of residence of the adolescent mothers must be considered in planning policies that attempt to disrupt successive cycles of socioeconomic deprivation. Public health interventions should focus their programs to be based on community and aim on prevention of early sexual intercourse and marriage.
Keywords: Teenage; childbearing; health; sexual; demographic.
Preferred mode of childbirth among women attending antenatal clinic at a tertiary hospital in Ghana: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Adu-Bonsaffoh Kwame , Tamma Evelyn , Seffah Joseph 
Published: August 2022

Background: The preference for mode of childbirth by women is emerging as a global subject of interest to many researchers, especially with the steady increase in caesarean section (CS) rates with some countries exceeding the world health organization (WHO) recommended rate. This study explored the preferences of mode of childbirth and associated factors among pregnant women in Ghana.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women at tertiary hospital in Ghana. Descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed.
Results: Among the 415 pregnant women included, 357(86.0%) and 58(14.0%) preferred vaginal delivery and CS respectively. Majority (26%) attributed their preference for vaginal delivery to its being the natural way of childbirth. The most common reason why women preferred to deliver by CS was mainly influenced by medical indication such as doctors’ remarks. Significant determinants influencing preference for CS were previous childbirth [aOR:0.21, 95%CI (0.05, 0.91)], previous caesarean [aOR:20.08, 95%CI (7.73, 52.19)] and urban settlement [aOR:2.51, 95%CI (1.01, 6.29)]
Conclusion: There was a clear preference for vaginal birth by pregnant women although a significant proportion preferred caesarean birth. Integration of women’s preferred mode of childbirth into the clinical decision with appropriate counselling is recommended to improve women’s pregnancy and childbirth experiences.
Keywords: Caesarean section; mode of childbirth; Vaginal Delivery.
Why mothers die at a busy tertiary urban hospital in Kampala, Uganda: a comprehensive review of maternal deaths 2016-2018 and implications for quality improvement to reduce deaths
Authors: Namagembe Imelda , Kiwanuka Noah , K Byamugisha Josaphat , Ononge Sam , Beyeza-Kashesya Jolly , K Kaye Dan , Moffett Ashley , E Aiken Catherine , Nakimuli Annettee 
Published: August 2022

Background: Reviewing maternal deaths and drawing out lessons for clinical practice is part of an effective cohesive intervention strategy to reduce future deaths.
Objective: To review maternal deaths at the National Referral hospital in Kampala over a 3-year period (2016-2018) to determine causes of death, extent of preventability, proportion of deaths notified and audited as per national guidelines.
Methods: Trained-multidisciplinary panels (obstetricians and senior midwives) conducted retrospective reviews of maternal deaths that occurred.
Results: Major causes of deaths: obstetric haemorrhage (158/350; 45%), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (87/350; 25%) and infection (95/350; 27%). Overall, 294/350 (84%) of maternal deaths were considered preventable. In 95% (332/350) of cases, delays within healthcare facilities were identified (64%; 226/350). We note that only 115/350 (33%) cases had been audited. This proportion did not change during the studied period. In 48% (167/350) of cases, notification to the Ministry of Health occurred, but only 11% of deaths (39/350) were notified within the recommended 24-hours.
Conclusions: A high proportion (84%) of deaths were preventable. Significant delays to care occurred within health-care facilities. Results suggest that a well-supported, and timely maternal death review process with targeted and pragmatic interventions might be effective in reducing maternal deaths in this setting.
Keywords: Maternal-deaths; death-review; preventability; quality improvement.