bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Matrix Protease ClpP Agonists inhibit Cancer Stem Cell Function in Breast Cancer Cells by Disrupting Mitochondrial Homeostasis
Authors: Greer Yoshimi E. , Hernandez Lidia , Fennell Emily M. J. , Voeller Donna , Chari Raj , Gilbert Sam , Tang Binwu , Hafner Markus , Annunziata Christina M. , Iwanowicz Edwin , Graves Lee M. , Lipkowitz Stanley 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMitochondria are multifaceted organelles which are important for bioenergetics, biosynthesis and signaling in metazoans. Mitochondrial functions are frequently altered in cancer to promote both the energy and the necessary metabolic intermediates for biosynthesis required for tumor growth. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) contribute to chemotherapy resistance, relapse, and metastasis. Recent studies have shown that while non-stem, bulk cancer cells utilize glycolysis, breast CSCs are more dependent on oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) and therefore targeting mitochondria may inhibit CSC function. We previously reported that small molecule ONC201, which is an agonist for the mitochondrial caseinolytic protease (ClpP), induces mitochondrial dysfunction in breast cancer cells. In this study, we report that ClpP agonists inhibit breast cancer CSC functionin vitroandin vivo. Mechanistically, we found that OxPhos inhibition downregulates multiple pathways required for CSC function, such as the mevalonate pathway, YAP, Myc, and the HIF pathway. ClpP agonists showed significantly greater inhibitory effect on CSC functions compared with other mitochondria-targeting drugs. Further studies showed that ClpP agonists deplete NAD(P)+ and NAD(P)H and induce redox imbalance, and dysregulate one-carbon metabolism and proline biosynthesis. Downregulation of these pathways by ClpP agonists further contribute to the inhibition of CSC function. In conclusion, ClpP agonists inhibit breast CSC functions by disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis in breast cancer cells and inhibiting multiple pathways critical to CSC function.
Functional analysis of the N-terminal region of Vibrio FlhG, a MinD-type ATPase in flagellar number control
Authors: Homma Michio , Mizuno Akira , Hao Yuxi , Kojima Seiji 
Published: March 2022

SummaryGTPase FlhF and ATPase FlhG are two key factors involved in regulating the flagellum number in Vibrio alginolyticus. FlhG is a paralog of the Escherichia coli cell division regulator MinD, which has a longer N-terminal region. Deleting the N-terminal region of FlhG results in cells with multiple flagella. The Q9A mutation in the DQAxxLR motif of the N-terminal region prevents it from activating the GTPase activity of FlhF in vitro and results in a multi-flagellation phenotype. The mutant FlhG protein was remarkably reduced compared to that of the wild-type protein in vivo. When the mutant FlhG was expressed at the same level as the wild-type FlhG, the number of flagella was restored to the wild-type level. Once synthesized in Vibrio cells, the N-terminal region mutation in FlhG seems not to affect the protein stability. We speculated that the flhG translation efficiency is decreased by N-terminal mutation. Our results suggest that the N-terminal region of FlhG controls the number of flagella by adjusting the FlhF activity and the amount of FlhG in vivo. We speculate that the regulation by FlhG, achieved through transcription by the master regulator FlaK, is affected by the mutations, resulting in reduced flagellar formation by FlhF.
SUMO monoclonal antibodies vary in sensitivity, specificity, and ability to detect SUMO conjugate types
Authors: Garvin Alexander J. , Lanz Alexander J. , Morris Joanna R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies (MAb) to members of the Small Ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) family are essential tools in the study of cellular SUMOylation. However, many reagents are poorly validated, and the choice of which antibody to use for which detection format is without an evidence base. Here we test twenty-four anti-SUMO monoclonal antibodies for sensitivity and specificity to SUMO1-4 in monomeric and polymeric states in dot-blots, immunoblots, immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation. We find substantial variability between SUMO MAbs for different conjugation states, detection of increased SUMOylation in response to thirteen different stress agents and as enrichment reagents for analysis of SUMOylated RanGAP1 or KAP1. All four anti-SUMO4 monoclonal antibodies tested cross-reacted with SUMO2/3, and several SUMO2/3 monoclonal antibodies cross-reacted with SUMO4. ~10% of tested monoclonal antibodies produced specific results across multiple applications.
A systematized review and qualitative synthesis of potential risk factors associated with the occurrence of non‐O157 Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in the primary production of cattle
Authors: Withenshaw Susan M. , Smith Richard P. , Davies Rob , Smith Alice E. O. , Gray Elizabeth , Rodgers John 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHuman infection with Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes an estimated 2.8 million cases of acute illness worldwide each year. Serogroup O157 is the most commonly diagnosed STEC in humans, but cases linked to non‐O157 STEC serogroups have increased recently due to increased surveillance and improvements to detection methods. Cattle are an important reservoir for STEC O157 and the same may be true for non‐O157 STEC; therefore, reducing the occurrence of these pathogens in cattle could mitigate human infection risk. A systematized literature review of articles published within the Scopus database since 2010 (employing a partially systematic approach) was therefore conducted followed by qualitative synthesis of evidence to provide a structured overview of potential risk factors for non‐O157 STEC in primary cattle production. Overall, few relevant studies were identified (n = 22), highlighting that more studies are needed. Consistently significant associations were only identified with respect to cattle age (broadly higher rate of isolation from young animals compared to adults) and season of sampling (generally increased isolation of non‐O157 STEC in summer). However, wide variation in study designs, including notable differences in laboratory detection methods, means drawing more general conclusions is currently not possible based on the results of this review. However, it is likely that the development of more sensitive methods for non‐O157 STEC detection in potential livestock reservoirs and increased standardization across statistically sound epidemiological investigations are required to identify pertinent risk factors.
Preventable presentations of older adults to emergency departments: General practitioners' perspectives
Authors: Baskaran Radheshan , Gonski Peter N , Metz Colin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe general practitioners' (GP) perspectives of older patients presenting to the ED, reasons they would refer to the ED and how they utilise community services to help manage older adults.MethodsA descriptive study conducted in the Sutherland Shire, Sydney. Case files were compiled using electronic medical records for 50 patients over 70 years old who presented to the ED of The Sutherland Hospital, a teaching hospital in Sydney. Surveys were provided to 10 GPs who each analysed five patients' presentations. Primary outcome was whether the GP would refer the patient to the ED. Secondary outcomes included reasons GPs referred to the ED, and their referral patterns of local community services.ResultsOf the 50 patients who presented to the ED, GPs would have referred 21 (42%) to the ED and managed 29 (58%) in the community. The most common reasons GPs would have referred to the ED was that they were ‘too unwell’, or needed ‘urgent imaging or blood tests’. In 26 (52%) of the patients, GPs were aware of a local service that could help manage the patient and would have made that referral in 21 (42%) patients. Rapid Access Diagnosis and Intervention Unit and Geriatric Flying Squad are two of the local aged care services GPs would have referred to most commonly.ConclusionGPs reported they would have been able to manage a significant proportion of older adults who presented to the ED in the community without referring to the ED. Severe and acute illness requiring urgent evaluation and intervention was the main reason GPs would refer to the ED.
Re‐infection in COVID‐19: Do we exaggerate our worries?
Authors: Arslan Yusuf , Akgul Fethiye , Sevim Bunyamin , Varol Zeynep Sedef , Tekin Suda 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundProtective long‐term immunity following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is unclear. The study evaluated the relationship between the vaccination status and risk factors in the re‐infection of patients with a diagnosis of COVID‐19 who reported to the Public Health Management System in a province in south‐eastern Turkey.MethodsPatients with positive results for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 by the real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) test in respiratory samples were defined as confirmed cases. Reinfection was diagnosed in cases with COVID‐19 real‐time RT‐PCR positivity, with or without COVID‐19–like symptoms, in at least 90 days after the first infection/disease.ResultsA total of 58 811 patients with the diagnosis of COVID‐19 from March 11, 2020, to August 31, 2021, were included in the study. Re‐infection was detected in 421 (0.7%) of all patients. The mean age of the cases was 38.0±16.0 years, and 51% of them were female. Eight (2.0%) of the cases resulted in death due to re‐infection. No hospitalization or mortality was observed in fully vaccinated patients. Additionally, none of the mortal cases had completed the vaccination schedule.ConclusionsWe are concerned that the re‐infection rates and mortality may increase due to new variant strains. Vaccination is the greatest weapon against progression to critical illness in re‐infections, even with existing mutations. Therefore, it is important for those without a full vaccination schedule to be vaccinated, even if they have been previously infected.
Bone metabolism parameters and their relation to cytogenetics in multiple myeloma
Authors: Krhovska Petra , Pika Tomas , Proskova Jitka , Balcarkova Jana , Zapletalova Jana , Bacovsky Jaroslav , Minarik Jiri 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesOur aim was to correlate serum levels of selected markers of bone metabolism and bone marrow microenvironment to cytogenetic changes in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).MethodsWe assed cytogenetic changes in 308 patients and correlated them with the following levels of bone marrow metabolism: thymidine kinase (TK), β2‐microglobulin (b‐2‐m), Dickkopf‐1 protein (DKK‐1), C‐terminal telopeptide collagen‐I (ICTP), N‐terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP), receptor for interleukin 6 (rIL‐6), vascular cell adhesive molecule‐1 (VCAM), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, osteoprotegerin (OPG), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), syndecan‐1 (SYN‐1) and Fas antigen.ResultIndividuals with delRB1 had lower levels of OPG (M = 7.39 vs. 5.46 pmol/L, p = .025) and VEGF (M = 304 vs. 196 pg/ml; p = .036). t(14;16) was associated with higher β2m levels (M = 7.59 vs. 4.13 mg/L; p = .022) and lower DKK‐1 levels (M = 4465 ng/L vs. 12,593). The presence of 1q21 gain was associated with higher levels of TK (M = 100.0 vs. 11.0 IU/L, p = .026) and lower levels of PINP (M = 49.3 vs. 67.4 mg/L, p = .030).ConclusionsOur analysis has shown, some cytogenetic changes, especially delRB1, t(14;16) and 1q21gain, which affect the components of the cytokine network in multiple myeloma.
Continental United States may lose 1.8 petagrams of soil organic carbon under climate change by 2100
Authors: Gautam Sagar , Mishra Umakant , Scown Corinne D. , Wills Skye A. , Adhikari Kabindra , Drewniak Beth A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsHigh‐resolution information on soils’ vulnerability to climate‐induced soil organic carbon (SOC) loss can enable environmental scientists, land managers, and policy makers to develop targeted mitigation strategies. This study aims to estimate baseline and decadal changes in continental US surface SOC stocks under future emission scenarios.LocationContinental United States.Time period2014–2100.MethodsWe used recent SOC field observations (n = 6,213 sites), environmental factors (n = 32), and an ensemble machine learning (ML) approach to estimate baseline SOC stocks in surface soils across the continental United States at 100‐m spatial resolution, and decadal changes under the projected climate scenarios of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase Six (CMIP6) earth system models (ESMs).ResultsBaseline SOC projections from ML approaches captured more than 50% of variability in SOC observations, whereas ESMs represented only 6–16% of observed SOC variability. ML estimates showed a mean total loss of 1.8 Pg C from US surface soils under the high‐emission scenario by 2100, whereas ESMs showed no significant change in SOC stocks with wide variation among ESMs. Both ML and ESM predictions agree on the direction of SOC change (net emissions or sequestration) across 46–51% of continental US land area. These differences are attributable to the high‐resolution site‐specific data used in the ML models compared to the relatively coarse grid represented in CMIP6 ESMs.Main conclusionsOur high‐resolution estimates of baseline SOC stocks, identification of key environmental controllers, and projection of SOC changes from US land cover types under future climate scenarios suggest the need for high‐resolution simulations of SOC in ESMs to represent the heterogeneity of SOC. We found that the SOC change is sensitive to key soil related factors (e.g. soil drainage and soil order) that have not been historically considered as input parameters in ESMs, because currently more than 95% variability in the SOC of CMIP6 ESMs is controlled by net primary productivity, temperature, and precipitation. Using additional environmental factors to estimate the baseline SOC stocks and predict the future trajectory of SOC change can provide more accurate results.
ReptIslands: Mediterranean islands and the distribution of their reptile fauna
Authors: Bonardi Anna , Ficetola Gentile Francesco , Razzetti Edoardo , Canedoli Claudia , Falaschi Mattia , Lo Parrino Elia , Rota Noemi , Padoa‐Schioppa Emilio , Sindaco Roberto 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimAnalyses of biogeographical patterns and macroecology of islands require large datasets reporting the occurrence of species. The Mediterranean region is a biodiversity hotspot, which hosts a large number of reptile species and has been the focus of many studies. Nevertheless, comprehensive inventories describing the features and biodiversity of these environments are lacking. We gathered a dataset summarizing data on reptile distribution on islands of the Mediterranean basin and Macaronesia, also including detailed information on the geographical features.LocationIslands from the Mediterranean Basin, the Atlantic Ocean within the Mediterranean biogeographical region, and Macaronesia (Canary and Savage Islands, Azores, Madeira and Cape Verde).Time periodPresent.TaxonReptiles (squamates and turtles).MethodsInitially, we developed a geographical database describing islands of the study region, then gathered information on reptile occurrences from 757 bibliographical sources, including atlases, published papers and the grey literature. Through a critical review of these sources, we also obtained information on the status of populations (native, island endemic or non‐native) and on the reliability of occurrence data.ResultsWe obtained basic geographical information from 1875 islands covering the whole study region and with a very broad range of geographical features. We gathered >4150 records of reptile occurrence on islands, referring to 198 taxonomic units (species or species complexes); information on population status was available for 84.9% of records. Data are provided as comma‐delimited text files.Main conclusionsThe database provides a key resource for biogeographical analyses and can also serve as a backbone for conservation studies. The availability of a large database on island features can also be useful for biogeographers working on other taxonomic groups. Nevertheless, more data are required for some geographical areas, in order to ascertain the status (e.g., native vs. non‐native) of many populations and to understand the interplay between natural and human‐driven processes.
Urethroplasty for chordee with a paper‐thin hypoplastic urethra: A long‐term study
Authors: Zhou Guanglun , Yin Jianchun , Sun Junjie , Liu Xiaodong , Su Jiahong , Li Shoulin 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo establish a standard surgical procedure for children with chordee with a paper‐thin hypoplastic urethra, which was based on the degree of curvature and urethral plate quality. To guidelines for the management of this disorder.MethodsWe reviewed 58 cases of chordee with a paper‐thin hypoplastic urethra, managed between March 2006 and September 2020. The age of the patients ranged from 23 to 89 months. Operative details and postoperative complications were analyzed.ResultsMild‐moderate chordee with a paper‐thin hypoplastic urethra correction was performed using a tubularized incised plate (13 cases) or onlay island flap (five cases) technique after penile degloving. Severe chordee with a paper‐thin hypoplastic urethra required transection of the urethra and underwent a Duckett (11 cases) or staged (29 cases) urethroplasty. Complications in the tubularized incised plate and onlay island flap groups were 7.7% and 20%, respectively. The overall complication rate was 10.3% in the staged group and 27.3% in the Duckett group.ConclusionsReconstruction of the entire hypoplastic urethra should be recommended in the management of chordee with a paper‐thin hypoplastic urethra. We propose an algorithm based on the degree of curvature and urethral plate quality. The tubularized incised plate or onlay island flap technique can be used for mild to moderate chordee with a paper‐thin hypoplastic urethra, and the outcome of the tubularized incised plate technique tends to be better than that of the onlay island flap technique. Duckett or staged urethroplasty is suitable for severe chordee with a paper‐thin hypoplastic urethra, and the staged technique can improve the overall success rate.
Do different adverse childhood experiences lead to specific symptoms of psychosis in adulthood? A systematic review of the current literature
Authors: Grindey Ashleigh , Bradshaw Tim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPrevious research has demonstrated significant associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and risks of psychosis. Further research has examined underlying mechanisms to understand the relationship between these variables. This review aimed to explore the associations between various ACEs and the development of different psychotic symptoms in adulthood. The Cochrane Library, Cinahl, PsychINFO, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from January 1980 to November 2021 to ensure a systematic review of relevant literature. Poverty, fostering, adoption, childhood emotional and physical neglect, and childhood physical (CPA), sexual (CSA), and emotional abuse (CEA) significantly correlated with delusions. Significant relationships were found between hallucinations and CSA and CPA. Paranoia correlated with violent adversities including CPA, assault, and witnessing killing. Limited associations were identified for thought disorder and negative symptoms. The findings of this review indicate that there may be a degree of specificity between various ACEs and psychotic symptoms, but these findings are subject to some limitations. The findings also demonstrate the importance of inquiring about and addressing ACE in clinical practice to develop formulations and treatment plans for individuals with psychosis.
Safety and efficacy for hair removal in dark skin types III and IV with a high‐powered, combined wavelength (810, 940 and 1060 nm) diode laser: A single‐site pilot study
Authors: Gold Michael H. , Biron Julie , Wilson April , Viera‐Mármol Gregorio , Lamas Reyna E. Vargas , Castillejos‐Pallàs Marta , Ferrández‐Martínez Jose A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated the superior efficacy of a high‐power diode laser (4800 W) with a wavelength of 810 nm over others with less power and the same wavelength, while also being safe and comfortable for the patient. However, the use of this laser is limited on dark skin.ObjectivesThis study aims to compare the efficacy, safety, and comfort of a 4800 W diode laser (810 nm) with that of the new Blend diode laser (810 nm, 940 nm, and 1064 nm). Furthermore, the study aims to demonstrate that the Blend diode laser delivers better results on darker skin.Materials and methodsA 810 nm diode laser was compared with the Blend diode laser (810, 940 and 1064 nm) (Primelase, Cocoon Medical). A side‐by‐side comparative study was carried out over three sessions involving fourteen participants with skin types III and IV, with evaluation of the results 6 months after treatment. The study was performed at the Tennessee Clinical Research Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. This evaluation was based on efficacy, safety, comfort, and participant satisfaction.ResultsBlend diode laser treatments were performed with fluences 40% (SE = 0.04%) higher than those of the 810 nm. Besides mild‐to‐moderate transient discomfort during the procedure, the Blend diode laser also produced an increased pricking sensation that was 1.8 points higher on a 10‐point scale (p < 0.05), due to the higher fluence used. Hair reduction was 12% higher with the Blend diode laser, with a confidence level of 70%. Moreover, participants were more satisfied with the results of the Blend diode laser than with the diode laser (50% very satisfied vs. 36%, respectively). No long‐term adverse effects were observed.ConclusionsThe new Blend diode laser has been shown to be more effective and satisfactory than 810 nm diode laser on dark skin types III and IV, while also being safe and comfortable for participants.